PMID- 7110248 TI - Sounding board. Changing philosophies in medical care and the rise of the investor-owned hospital. PMID- 7110249 TI - Are lactating mothers a source of giardiasis? PMID- 7110250 TI - Toxic-shock syndrome related to intravenous heroin use. PMID- 7110251 TI - Cardiovascular effects of tricyclic antidepressants. PMID- 7110252 TI - Hypoglycemia during exercise. PMID- 7110253 TI - Atrial fibrillation. PMID- 7110254 TI - More on cycloplegia from transdermal scopolamine. PMID- 7110255 TI - Technique of clinical screening for breast cancer. PMID- 7110256 TI - A federal health service corps. PMID- 7110257 TI - Hazards of aluminum bats. PMID- 7110258 TI - Primary care in the emergency room. PMID- 7110259 TI - Suppression of hematopoietic-progenitor-cell proliferation by ethanol and acetaldehyde. AB - The effects of alcohol on bone marrow are not well understood. We measured the influence of ethanol and its metabolite, acetaldehyde, on the in vitro proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cells from mice and human beings. Colony formation by both early and late erythroid progenitor cells was suppressed by concentrations of ethanol (0.05 to 0.2 per cent) that are easily achieved in vivo. The corresponding suppressing concentration of acetaldehyde was 0.001 per cent. In contrast, suppression of granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cells required 3.0 per cent ethanol or 0.03 per cent acetaldehyde. Spleen colony formation by pluripotent stem cells was resistant to concentrations of ethanol and acetaldehyde that suppressed in vitro colony formation of committed myeloid and erythroid progenitor cells by 50 per cent. The suppression of both myeloid and erythroid colony formation was partially reversed by supplementing the cultures with folinic acid or pyridoxine. These data provide an explanation for the preferential suppression of erythropoiesis observed clinically in ethanol abuse. They also suggest that acetaldehyde has a role in ethanol-mediated bone marrow suppression. PMID- 7110260 TI - Current concepts in otolaryngology: diagnosis and treatment of organic voice disorders. PMID- 7110261 TI - Effect of hypotension on liver blood flow and lidocaine disposition. PMID- 7110263 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 39-1982. Abrupt onset of dyspnea in a 59-year-old man. PMID- 7110262 TI - Hypocalcemia precipitating congestive heart failure. PMID- 7110264 TI - Travellers' diarrhea. PMID- 7110265 TI - Radiation hazard of video screens. PMID- 7110266 TI - Sudden-infant-death syndrome. PMID- 7110267 TI - Heparin bonding and long-term protection against thrombogenesis. PMID- 7110268 TI - The options in early laryngeal carcinoma. PMID- 7110269 TI - Hemophilia B Leyden and a similar variant of hemophilia A. PMID- 7110270 TI - Eucharistic problems for celiac patients. PMID- 7110271 TI - Poland revisited. PMID- 7110272 TI - Effects of acetylsalicylic-acid ingestion on maternal and neonatal hemostasis. AB - In a case-control study, we evaluated the effects of maternal ingestion of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) within 10 days of delivery on maternal and neonatal hemostasis. Only one of 34 control maternal-neonatal pairs (3 per cent) had hemostatic abnormalities. In 10 pairs, when maternal aspirin ingestion occurred within five days of delivery, 6 of 10 mothers and 9 of the 10 infants had bleeding tendencies. Seven maternal-neonatal pairs in which aspirin was ingested 6 to 10 days before delivery were free of clinical bleeding. Among seven other mothers who ingested aspirin in the immediate post-partum period four of the seven (57 per cent) also had impaired hemostasis. Neonatal hemostatic abnormalities included numerous petechiae over the presenting part, hematuria, a cephalhematoma, subconjunctival hemorrhage, and bleeding from a circumcision. Maternal bleeding was confined to excessive intrapartum or post-partum blood loss. We conclude that aspirin should be avoided during pregnancy. If ingestion has occurred within five days of delivery, the neonate should be evaluated for the presence of bleeding. PMID- 7110273 TI - Hemodynamic effects of volume expansion and nitroprusside compared with pericardiocentesis in patients with acute cardiac tamponade. PMID- 7110275 TI - Aspirin and alcohol. PMID- 7110274 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 40-1982. Tender hepatomegaly in a 29-year-old woman. PMID- 7110276 TI - Oral rehydration for diarrhea. PMID- 7110277 TI - Practical proposal for lowering the mortality of acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7110278 TI - Conduction abnormalities due to diltiazem. PMID- 7110279 TI - Eye protection for anglers. PMID- 7110280 TI - Risk factors in head and neck cancer. PMID- 7110281 TI - Malignant neoplasms of the minor salivary glands. PMID- 7110282 TI - Case 15-1982: malignant lymphoma. PMID- 7110283 TI - Case 21-1982: traumatic rupture of aorta. PMID- 7110284 TI - The art of diagnosis. PMID- 7110285 TI - Community hospitals in clinical trials. PMID- 7110286 TI - The unnecessary sense. PMID- 7110287 TI - The development of orphan products. PMID- 7110288 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 41-1982. A nine-year-old girl with the nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 7110289 TI - Sounding board. Fibrocystic "disease" of the breast--a nondisease? PMID- 7110291 TI - Birth-weight-standardized neonatal mortality rates. PMID- 7110290 TI - A strategy for the reduction of childhood injuries in Massachusetts: SCIPP. PMID- 7110292 TI - Post-partum thyroid dysfunction. PMID- 7110293 TI - Is blood urea nitrogen as good a guide for hemofiltration as for hemodialysis? PMID- 7110294 TI - Bence Jones proteinuria. PMID- 7110295 TI - Bronchobiliary fistula presenting as cough with yellow sputum. PMID- 7110297 TI - Lawn mower arm. PMID- 7110296 TI - D-lactic acidosis after jejunoileal bypass. PMID- 7110298 TI - French vanilla frostbite. PMID- 7110299 TI - Incidence of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, preleukemia, and acute myeloproliferative syndrome up to 10 years after treatment of Hodgkin's disease. AB - During the period from 1970 to 1981, 391 nonselected patients with Hodgkin's disease were staged and treated with chemotherapy or radiotherapy or both at the Finsen Institute, Copenhagen. Secondary acute nonlymphocytic leukemia or its earlier stages--preleukemia or an acute myeloproliferative syndrome with cytopenia and specific cytogenetic abnormalities of the bone marrow--were observed in 17 patients. A Kaplan-Meier estimate of the cumulative probability of leukemic complications was 3.9 +/- 1.3 per cent (mean +/- S.E.M.) five years after the start of treatment, and 9.9 +/- 2.9 per cent at nine years. All 17 cases of leukemic complications occurred among the 312 patients treated with chemotherapy or combined-modality therapy, whereas no case was observed among 79 patients treated exclusively with radiotherapy (P = 0.003). A significantly increased risk of leukemic complications was observed in chemotherapy-treated patients 40 years old or older (P = 0.001). Despite the observed relatively high risk of secondary leukemia, the rate of death from progressive Hodgkin's disease, nonleukemic complications, and unrelated causes still far exceeds the rate of leukemia-related deaths in these patients. PMID- 7110300 TI - Early vidarabine therapy to control the complications of herpes zoster in immunosuppressed patients. AB - We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess the value of vidarabine therapy for the prevention of complications from herpes zoster in immunocompromised patients. Of 121 patients with localized herpes zoster of 72 hours duration or less, 63 received vidarabine and 58 received the placebo. Populations were matched for pertinent characteristics. Therapy accelerated cutaneous healing and decreased the rates of cutaneous dissemination (from 24 per cent [14 patients] to 8 per cent [5 patients]) (P = 0.014); and of zoster-related visceral complications (from 19 per cent [11 patients] to 5 per cent [3 patients]) (P = 0.015). therapy also decreased the total duration of post herpetic neuralgia (P = 0.047). Patients with lymphoproliferative cancers and those 38 years of age or older were at greatest risk for complications and benefited most from therapy. There was no serious drug toxicity. We conclude that vidarabine therapy, when started within the first three days, is valuable for the reduction of complications related to herpes zoster. PMID- 7110301 TI - The effect of treatment on mortality in "mild" hypertension: results of the hypertension detection and follow-up program. AB - In the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program, 7825 (71.5 per cent) of the 10,940 participants had diastolic blood pressures averaging between 90 and 104 mm Hg on entry into the study and were designated Stratum 1. Half were referred to their usual source of care in the community (the referred-care group), and half were treated intensively in special clinics (the stepped-care group). Five-year mortality in the Stratum 1 patients given stepped care was 20.3 per cent lower than in those given referred care (P less than 0.01). Particularly noteworthy was the beneficial effect of stepped-care treatment on persons with diastolic pressures of 90 to 104 mm Hg who had no evidence of end-organ damage and were not receiving antihypertensive medication when they entered the study. This subgroup had 28.6 per cent fewer deaths at five years among those treated with stepped care than among those treated with referred care (P less than 0.01). These findings support a recommendation that in patients with mild hypertension, treatment should be considered early, before damage to end organs occurs. PMID- 7110303 TI - Population studies on Austropeplea ollula (Gould), the snail intermediate host of dermatitis-producing avian schistosomes. 1. Seasonal changes in size of the snails in relation to the occurrence of paddy field dermatitis. PMID- 7110302 TI - Mode of inheritance of decreased C3b receptors on erythrocytes of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The erythrocytes of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus have been shown to have a decreased number of receptors for the major cleavage fragment of the third component of complement (C3b). We studied the basis for this decreased number of C3b receptors by measuring the uptake of anti-C3b-receptor antibody on cells from 113 normal subjects, 38 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, 14 of their spouses, and 47 of their relatives. The normal subjects had 5014 +/- (mean +/- S.E.M.) receptor sites per cell, but the patients and their relatives had significantly fewer sites--2809 +/- 241 and 3167 +/- 196, respectively (P less than 0.0005). The number of sites in the patients' spouses did not differ from normal (P greater than 0.3). Three phenotypes, indicated by the numbers of receptors, occurred in the normal population; a high phenotype (HH, with 5500 to 8500 sites per cell), an intermediate phenotype (HL, with 3000 to 5499), and a low phenotype (LL, less than 3000). These three phenotypes were present in 34, 54, and 12 percent, respectively, of the normal subjects; in contrast, 5, 42, and 53 per cent of patients had these respective phenotypes. Pedigree analyses indicated that these phenotypes were inherited in an autosomal codominant manner. We conclude that the decreased number of C3b receptors in lupus is inherited, not acquired. PMID- 7110304 TI - Application of CT in diagnosing carcinoma of the maxillary sinuses. Part 1: Clinical evaluation of CT and frontal tomography in diagnosing carcinoma of the maxillary sinuses. PMID- 7110305 TI - Application of CT in diagnosing carcinoma of the maxillary sinuses. Part 2: An experimental study of pitfalls encountered when diagnosing carcinoma of the maxillary sinuses with CT. PMID- 7110306 TI - The clinical investigation of 1 alpha-OH-D3 on hemodialyzed patients. PMID- 7110307 TI - The effect of short-term and prolonged fructose intake on VLDL-TG and relative properties on apo CIII1 and apo CII in the VLDL fraction in type IV hyperlipoproteinaemia. AB - Twenty two patients with hyperlipoproteinaemia type IV consumed fructose in a daily dose of 80 g for 28 days. Apart from that they kept their normal diet. We observed the considerable heterogeneity of hyperlipaemic responses of patients under study after 7 days of fructose feeding. However VLDL-TG and the relative ratio apo CIII1/apo CII in VLDL increased in the whole group. The rise in serum VLDL was associated with a fall in LDL-Chol and HDL-Chol. After extention of fructose intake to 28 days a decrease of VLDL-TG with concomitant fall of the relative ratio apo CIII1/apo CII in VLDL was found. LDL-Chol increased. Our observations point to the reversibility of fructose-induced changes in the lipoprotein composition after prolongation of its intake. PMID- 7110309 TI - From CoA to complement: thioesters as the spring in the molecular mouse trap. PMID- 7110308 TI - [Reduction of food-induced thermogenesis in obesity]. PMID- 7110310 TI - Pluripotent embryonic stem cell lines can be derived from tw5/tw5 blastocysts. PMID- 7110311 TI - Transformation of fast fibres to slow prevented by lack of activity in developing lobster muscle. PMID- 7110312 TI - A novel intercistronic regulatory element of prokaryotic operons. PMID- 7110313 TI - Identification of a centriole-associated protein by antibodies present in normal rabbit sera. PMID- 7110314 TI - Mycoplasma pneumoniae adhesin localized to tip structure by monoclonal antibody. PMID- 7110316 TI - Life as a wonderful one-hoss shay. PMID- 7110315 TI - Differential scattering of circularly polarized light by the helical sperm head from the octopus Eledone cirrhosa. PMID- 7110317 TI - Do antigen-presenting cells distinguish self from non-self? PMID- 7110318 TI - Iron-sulphur cluster interconversions and the activation of aconitase. PMID- 7110319 TI - Evolution and molecular biology. PMID- 7110320 TI - Chemical evidence for the capsomeric structure of phage q beta. AB - Novel capsomeric complexes, pentamers and hexamers were detected as chemical entities in phage Q beta. Both were composed of identical protein subunits and stabilized by intermolecular disulphide bonds. Their numbers per particle were about 12 for pentamers and about 20 for hexamers--consistent with theoretical expectation from the quasi-equivalent packing of 180 identical subunits in a coat protein shell. PMID- 7110322 TI - Streptomyces in the ascendant. PMID- 7110323 TI - Father William's jaw. PMID- 7110321 TI - Evidence for hydrogen bonding of bound dioxygen to the distal histidine of oxycobalt myoglobin and haemoglobin. AB - The origin of the differences in oxygen binding energy in various haemoglobins and myoglobins has long been debated. Perutz proposed that the haem-coordinated histidine (proximal histidine) strains the haem iron in low affinity globins but relaxes it in high affinity globins. The existence of such tension in T-structure deoxyhaemoglobin (deoxyHb) was recently confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), resonance Raman and NRM spectroscopy. Although its contribution to the free energy of cooperativity is insignificant in the deoxy state, the tension at the haem is considered to be approximately 1 kcal mol-1 for the ligated form in which the haem iron moves into the porphyrin plane. The remaining free energy is probably stored in other parts of the molecule. Therefore, a study of the stabilization mechanisms of the oxygenated form became increasingly important. A hydrogen bond between the bound oxygen and the distal histidine has been proposed by Pauling; this would be expected to stabilize the oxy form of the protein and could contribute to the regulation of the oxygen affinity through the oxygen dissociation rate. A series of EPR and functional studies on various cobalt-substituted monomeric haemoglobins and myoglobins suggested the presence of such hydrogen bonding and it has recently been established in crystals of oxy iron myoglobin (oxyFeMb) and in oxyhaemoglobin. Here we present resonance Raman spectra of the oxy forms of cobalt--porphyrin-substituted myoglobin and haemoglobin (CoMb and CoHb) recorded in buffered H2O and D2O solutions at 406.7 nm excitation. Only the Raman lines corresponding to the O-O stretching mode of the bound oxygen, appearing near 1,130 cm-1, are shifted (2-5 cm-1) replacement of H2O by D2O; no other vibrations, including the Co--O2 stretching mode, exhibit any frequency shifts. This indicated that the bound oxygen in oxyCoMb and in both subunits of oxyCoHb interacts with the adjacent exchangeable proton, and confirms the formation of a hydrogen bond between the bound oxygen and the distal histidine. PMID- 7110324 TI - Sequence specificity of trinucleoside diphosphate binding to polymerized tobacco mosaic virus protein. AB - The binding of trinucleoside diphosphates to long helical rods of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) protein is shown to depend on base sequence, 5' AAG 3' binding being the strongest of the 25 trinucleoside diphosphate sequences measured. As TMV has a stoichiometry of three nucleotides per protein subunit, the sequence of TMV RNA suggested to be the nucleation site for self-assembly of the virus has three possible binding frames. From our binding constant data the most likely frame is predicted and shown to have two contiguous AAG sequences in a hairpin loop region. PMID- 7110325 TI - Direct demonstration of fluid secretion by glomerular renal tubules in a marine teleost. PMID- 7110326 TI - Production of a monoclonal antibody specific for Hodgkin and Sternberg-Reed cells of Hodgkin's disease and a subset of normal lymphoid cells. PMID- 7110327 TI - Monoclonal antibody defines a macrophage intracellular Ca2+-binding protein which is phosphorylated by phagocytosis. PMID- 7110329 TI - Direct structural localization of two toxin-recognition sites on an ACh receptor protein. PMID- 7110328 TI - Dopaminergic supersensitivity induced by denervation and chronic receptor blockade is additive. PMID- 7110330 TI - Kaposi's sarcoma: an oncologic looking glass. PMID- 7110331 TI - Murine models of multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7110332 TI - Molecular drive: a cohesive mode of species evolution. AB - It is generally accepted that mutations may become fixed in a population by natural selection and genetic drift. In the case of many families of genes and noncoding sequences, however, fixation of mutations within a population may proceed as a consequence of molecular mechanisms of turnover within the genome. These mechanisms can be both random and directional in activity. There are circumstances in which the unusual concerted pattern of fixation permits the establishment of biological novelty and species discontinuities in a manner not predicted by the classical genetics of natural selection and genetic drift. PMID- 7110333 TI - Brain spectrin, a membrane-associated protein related in structure and function to erythrocyte spectrin. AB - An immunoreactive analogue of erythrocyte spectrin has been purified from brain membranes. This protein co-sediments with and cross-links actin filaments, associates with spectrin-binding sites on erythrocyte membranes, and has been visualized by rotary shadowing as an extended, flexible rod. The brain spectrin comprises 3% of the total membrane protein, and may have a major role in mediating linkage of actin to membranes. PMID- 7110334 TI - Single cortical neurones have axon collaterals to ipsilateral and contralateral cortex in fetal and adult primates. AB - In the adult brain, cortical neurones that project to other cortical areas have traditionally been classified as either "associational' (having connections with the ipsilateral hemisphere) or "callosal' (projecting to areas in the contralateral hemisphere). Using double-labelling with fluorescent dyes, we have now identified a novel category of mature cortical neurone that has both an "associational' and a "callosal' axon. Such neurones can direct their callosal axons either to a cytoarchitectonic area homotopic to the one in which their cell bodies reside or to an entirely different heterotopic region in the contralateral hemisphere. These cortical neurones with divergent axon collaterals in the adult neocortex differ from recently described neurones that have two axons only transiently during development. PMID- 7110335 TI - Modifier role of internal H+ in activating the Na+-H+ exchanger in renal microvillus membrane vesicles. AB - The intracellular pH in animal cells in generally maintained at a higher level than would be expected if H+ were passively distributed across the plasma membrane. In a wide variety of cells including sea urchin eggs, skeletal muscle, renal and intestinal epithelial cells, and neuroblastoma cells, plasma membrane Na+-H+ exchangers mediate the uphill extrusion of H+ coupled to, and thus energized by, the downhill entry of Na+. Plasma membrane vesicles isolated from the luminal (microvillus, brush border) surface of renal proximal tubular cells possess a Na+-H+ exchanger that seems to be representative of the Na+-H+ exchangers found in other tissues. For example, the renal microvillus membrane Na+-H+ exchanger, like other Na+-H+ exchangers, mediates electroneutral cation exchange, is sensitive to inhibition by the diuretic drug amiloride, and has affinity for Li+ in addition to Na+ and H+ (refs 5, 9). Here we have examined the effect of internal H+ on the activity of the Na+-H+ exchanger in renal microvillus membrane vesicles. Our results suggest that internal H+, independent of its role as a substrate for exchange with external independent of its role as a substrate for exchange with external independent of its role as a substrate for exchange with external Na+, has an important modifier role as an allosteric activator of the Na+-H+ exchanger. Allosteric behaviour with respect to internal H+ is a property that would enhance the ability of plasma membrane Na+-H+ exchangers to extrude intracellular acid loads and thereby contribute to the regulation of intracellular pH. PMID- 7110336 TI - Control of muscle and neuronal differentiation in a cultured embryonal carcinoma cell line. AB - Pluripotent murine embryonal carcinoma cells can differentiate in culture into many tissue types similar to those normally found in early embryos and may be useful in investigating some developmental events. Central to our understanding of embryonic development are explanations of cellular determination, that is, the commitment of early embryonic cells to form divergent cell types. Of relevance is recent work with the F9 line of embryonal carcinoma cells which suggests that certain extra-embryonic cell types are specifically formed following treatment of undifferentiated cells with drugs and the manipulation of culture conditions. We report here that the P19 line of embryonic carcinoma cells may provide and analogous system in which drugs can be used to manipulate the formation of tissues which normally comprise the fetus. In the presence of dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) aggregates of P19 cells differentiate rapidly to form large amounts of cardiac and skeletal muscle but no neurones or glia. We have previously shown that in the presence of high concentrations of retinoic acid (greater than 5 x 10(-7) M), aggregates of these same cells develop into neuronal and glial tissues but not muscle. Thus, drugs can be used to generate two quite different spectra of embryonic tissue types from the same population of embryonal carcinoma cells. PMID- 7110337 TI - A new fucosyl antigen expressed on colon adenocarcinoma and embryonal carcinoma cells. AB - Carbohydrate antigens on the surface of mammalian cells have recently gained renewed interest because some are specifically expressed at certain stages of cellular differentiation. Most of the useful antibodies detecting such carbohydrate antigens have been monoclonal antibodies produced by the hybridoma technique using whole cells as the immunogen or the antibodies in the sera of some of human patients. Here we report that an antiserum raised against an unusual carbohydrate linkage prepared by organic synthesis can preferentially react with certain tumour cells. Thus, an antiserum against the Fuc alpha l leads to 3Gal linkage reacted with human colon adenocarcinoma cells and murine teratocarcinoma cells but reacted only with severely restricted regions in normal tissues. PMID- 7110338 TI - In vivo surveillance of tumorigenic cells transformed in vitro. AB - Any theory of surveillance against cancer requires that cells susceptible to host protective mechanisms exist as intermediates on the pathway from normal to cancer. The failure to demonstrate a significant frequency of such intermediates as a result of chemical carcinogenesis has cast serious doubt on the validity of the surveillance hypothesis. Here we report the conditions in which such intermediates can be identified as the major class of transformed cells resulting from in vitro chemical carcinogenesis of a cloned fibroblastic cell line. PMID- 7110339 TI - Intron-exon splice junctions map at protein surfaces. AB - There have been several suggested explanations for the presence of noncoding intervening sequences in many eukaryotic structural genes. They may be examples of 'selfish DNA, conferring little phenotypic advantage, or they may have some importance in gene expression and/or evolution. It has been suggested that each exon (coding sequence) may represent a structural or functional unit of the encoded protein, for which there is good evidence in the case of immunoglobulin and haemoglobin genes. Exon modification, duplication and recombination may thus be general mechanisms for the rapid evolution of eukaryotic structural genes. In many cases, however, it is not apparent that an exon corresponds to some specific feature of the encoded protein. We describe here evidence that intron-exon junctions usually map to amino acid residues located at the protein surface, suggesting a restriction on the permitted positions of introns within a gene. PMID- 7110340 TI - High-frequency genomic rearrangements involving archaebacterial repeat sequence elements. AB - Halobacterium halobium is an obligately halophilic archaebacterium of interest to molecular biologists for many reasons, one of which is the unexplained high frequency (10(-4)-10(-2) mutants per cell plated) at which it yields readily identifiable and unstable mutants. We showed previously that the genome of H. halobium contains many (greater than 50) families of repeated sequences whose members are dispersed on both chromosome and plasmid. Here we report that most if not all of the members of most of these repeat sequence families effect or are affected by spontaneous genomic rearrangements. Quantitative analyses show that such repeat sequence-associated rearrangements (which may be of several kinds) occur at high frequencies (greater than 4 x 10(-3) events per family per cell generation), while unique-sequence DNAs are physically stable. The presence of so many families of elements of such great instability in the halobacterial genome gives it an unusual degree of structural and perhaps functional plasticity. PMID- 7110341 TI - Trials ahead. PMID- 7110342 TI - Scrapie a "gene"? PMID- 7110343 TI - The effects of alpha chain mutations cis and trans to the beta6 mutation on the polymerization of sickle cell haemoglobin. PMID- 7110344 TI - The representation of auditory space in the mammalian superior colliculus. PMID- 7110345 TI - Metamorphosis of the insect nervous system: changes in morphology and synaptic interactions of identified neurones. PMID- 7110346 TI - A new look at nonparasitized red cells of malaria-infected monkeys. PMID- 7110347 TI - Restriction of alternative complement pathway activation by sialosylglycolipids. PMID- 7110348 TI - Is nasal adenocarcinoma in the Buckinghamshire furniture industry declining? PMID- 7110349 TI - Diversity of cholesterol exchange explained by dissolution into water. PMID- 7110350 TI - Health service sickness. PMID- 7110351 TI - Analysing the mouse T/t complex. PMID- 7110352 TI - In vitro mutagenesis. PMID- 7110354 TI - Multiple pathways of membrane transport. PMID- 7110353 TI - The American kestrel as a laboratory research animal. PMID- 7110355 TI - Time-resolved X-ray diffraction studies of the structural behaviour of myosin heads in a living contracting unstriated muscle. AB - The intensities of three regions of the low-angle X-ray diffraction pattern from a molluscan unstriated muscle have been followed during tension generation at a time resolution of 0.5-1 s using synchrotron radiation. The observed intensity changes can be reasonably interpreted in terms of myosin cross-bridge movements during the contractile cycle. A model that accounts for the intensity changes suggests that myosin heads move out from the thick filament during activation and attach to actin sites to produce tension with a small delay. During relaxation from both phasic and tonic contractions the heads remain attached to actin sites longer than it takes for tension to decay. PMID- 7110356 TI - Analysis of discrimination mechanisms in the mammalian olfactory system using a model nose. AB - Olfaction exhibits both high sensitivity for odours and high discrimination between them. We suggest that to make fine discriminations between complex odorant mixtures containing varying ratios of odorants without the necessity for highly specialized peripheral receptors, the olfactory systems makes use of feature detection using broadly tuned receptor cells organized in a convergent neurone pathway. As a test of this hypothesis we have constructed an electronic nose using semiconductor transducers and incorporating design features suggested by our proposal. We report here that this device can reproducibly discriminate between a wide variety of odours, and its properties show that discrimination in an olfactory system could be achieved without the use of highly specific receptors. PMID- 7110357 TI - Oligodendrocyte abnormalities in shiverer mouse mutant are determined in primary chimaeras. AB - There is increasing interest in hereditary dysmyelinating mutant mice such as jimpy, quaking, shiverer and twitcher, as animal models for leukodystrophy in man. These mutants are characterized by severe tremor and tonic convulsions. Shiverer is an autosomal recessive mutant which displays abnormal and poor myelination of the central nervous system and is genetically different from the other dysmyelinating mutants. Despite many reports on the morphological and chemical changes which occur in shiverer mice, the pathogenesis of the abnormal and poor myelin formation is unknown. We have now produced chimaeras by aggregation of eight-cell-stage embryos from wild-type and shiverer mutants. Analysis of the white matter of the chimaera suggests that the oligodendrocyte is responsible for the abnormal and poor myelination in shiverer. PMID- 7110358 TI - Transplacental transfer of rodent microfilariae induces antigen-specific tolerance in rats. AB - Microfilariae are the smallest form in the life-cycle of filarial nematode parasites. They are released by the adult female worms and migrate through the blood and extracellular fluids where they can be transmitted by vectors. A few reports have indicated the possibility of the transmission of microfilarial infection from mother to offspring. We have infected rats with adult females of the rodent filaria, Dipetalonema viteae, and report here that the transfer to D. viteae microfilaria does indeed occur through the placenta. Exposure to specific antigens early in development can readily induce immune tolerance. We observed that a state of reversible immune unresponsiveness occurred in rats as a result of pre- and post-natal exposure to microfilariae and this was associated with impairment of T-cell responses. The induction of tolerance allowed D. viteae infective larvae to reach maturity in the Fischer rat which is otherwise innately resistant to this practice. PMID- 7110359 TI - The helical hydrophobic moment: a measure of the amphiphilicity of a helix. AB - The spatial distribution of the hydrophobic side chains in globular proteins is of considerable interest. It was recognized previously that most of the alpha helices of myoglobin and haemoglobin are amphiphilic; that is, one surface of each helix projects mainly hydrophilic side chains, while the opposite surface projects mainly hydrophobic side chains. To quantify the amphiphilicity of a helix, here we define the mean helical hydrophobic moment, (mu H) = [sigma Ni = 1Hi]/N, to be the mean vector sum of the hydrophobicities Hi of the side chains of a helix of N residues. The length of a vector Hi is the signed numerical hydrophobicity associated with the type of side chain, and its direction is determined by the orientation of the side chain about the helix axis. A large value of (mu H) means that the helix is amphiphilic perpendicular to its axis. We have classified alpha-helices by plotting their mean helical moment versus the mean hydrophobicity of their residues, and report that transmembrane helices, helices from globular proteins and helices which are believed to seek surfaces between aqueous and nonpolar phases, cluster in different regions of such a plot. We suggest that this classification may be useful in identifying helical regions of proteins which bind to the surface of biological membranes. The concept of the hydrophobic moment can be generalized also to non-helical protein structures. PMID- 7110360 TI - BVP models of nerve membrane. PMID- 7110361 TI - [Online literature searches--a new dimension in mastering the information avalanche? A demonstration using examples]. AB - Several examples of online literature searches in the Chemical Abstracts, Science Citation Index, and Biological Abstracts data bases are discussed to demonstrate that online searching is a powerful and very useful tool for retrieving information faster and more efficiently than before. This article attempts to stimulate scientists to familiarize themselves with this new technique and gain some personal experience, because online searching for information will probably become indispensable in scientific research and teaching in the near future. PMID- 7110362 TI - Early transmembrane potential changes of lymphocytes in mixed lymphocyte cultures as detected by flow-cytometry. PMID- 7110363 TI - Mechanisms of dynamic flow adaptation of mammalian erythrocytes. PMID- 7110364 TI - Stereospecificity of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) induced by two natural enantiomers, (+)- and (-)-frullanolides, in guinea pigs. PMID- 7110365 TI - Rotation of an isolated cell in a rotating electric field. PMID- 7110366 TI - Isolated osteoclasts: scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 7110367 TI - Analysis of the 5-hydroxytryptamine induced contraction of the human basilar arterial strip compared with the rat aortic strip in vitro. AB - 1) Experiments were performed to investigate the nature of the contraction produced by 5-hydroxytryptamine in the human basilar arterial strip in vitro and to compare it with that produced in the rat aortic strip in vitro. 2) The human basilar arterial strip was found to be significantly more sensitive to 5-HT compared to the rat aortic strip. 3) Methysergide, cyproheptadine and methergoline were competitive, selective antagonists against 5-HT on the rat aorta with pA2 values of 7.97, 8.76 and 9.49 respectively. In contrast 5-HT was antagonised by these agents in a manner which was not competitive on the human basilar artery. Both 5-HT and NA were antagonised by BW 501 C67 (alpha-anilino-N 2-m-chlorphenoxy propylacetamide hydrochloride) in a manner which was not competitive on both rat aortic and human basilar arterial strips. 4) Phentolamine (10(-7) to 10(-5) M) was found to be a competitive antagonist against noradrenaline on both the rat aortic strip (pA2 6.9) and the human basilar arterial strip (pA2 7.3). Phentolamine at 10(-5) M shifted the 5-HT curve on the human basilar artery to the right with a reduction in maximum response. 5) Methysergide (10(-9) to 10(-4) M) was found to possess contractile activity on some human basilar arterial strips, the maximum response being approximately 60% of that produced by 5-HT. Phentolamine at 10(-5) M shifted the dose-response curve to methysergide to the right with a slight reduction in the maximum response obtained. 6) The results from this study suggest that the receptor(s) mediating 5-HT-induced contraction of the human basilar artery may be different from the classical "D-receptor" which mediates contraction to 5-HT on the rat aorta. PMID- 7110368 TI - In vivo identification of muscarinic receptors on rat colonic epithelial cells. Binding of [3H]-quinuclidinyl benzilate. AB - (1) We have demonstrated that intravenously administered [3H]-quinuclidinyl benzilate binds to rat colonic and ileal epithelial cells. The binding was prevented by pretreatment with atropine and QNB. (2) Binding was stereoselective in favor of dexetimide, the biologically more active optical isomer of benzetimide. (3) The results with intestinal epithelial cells were qualitatively the same as those obtained using heart and gut muscle as controls. (4) QNB inhibited pilocarpine-induced fluid accumulation in ligated gut segments. (5) The results support the concept that cholinergic receptors, which mediate intestinal secretion, exist on rat intestinal epithelial cell membranes. PMID- 7110369 TI - Effect of chronic clonidine treatment on the turnover of noradrenaline and dopamine in various regions of the rat brain. AB - The turnover of noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine (DA) was estimated in various rat brain regions by measuring the depletion of the amines after inhibition of their biosynthesis by alpha-methyltyrosine. Acute treatment with clonidine (0.1 mg/kg) reduced NA turnover in the brain stem, hypothalamus and rest of the brain but had no effect on DA turnover in the corpus striatum and rest of the brain. After chronic clonidine treatment (0.1 mg/kg, twice daily for 156 days), NA turnover was not affected by an additional injection of clonidine in the brain stem or in the hypothalamus but was still markedly reduced in the rest of the brain. In addition, DA turnover was reduced in the corpus striatum and rest of the brain, an effect which was also observed after a single injection of a high dose of clonidine (1 mg/kg). These findings suggest that a chronic administration of clonidine may cause regionally differential changes in the sensitivity of central NA receptors. PMID- 7110370 TI - Dopaminergic modulation of evoked vasopressin release from the isolated neurohypophysis of the rat. Possible involvement of endogenous opioids. PMID- 7110371 TI - Inhibition of in vitro and ex vivo uptake of noradrenaline and 5 hydroxytryptamine by five antidepressants; correlation with reduction of spontaneous firing rate of central monoaminergic neurones. AB - The principal neurochemical property of tricyclic antidepressants is the blockade of noradrenaline (NA) and/or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) uptake into monoaminergic nerve endings. Electrophysiological studies show that these drugs also decrease the firing rate of the noradrenergic neurones of the locus coeruleus (L.C.) and of the serotonergic neurones of the dorsal raphe (D.R.). In order to assess the relation between the two phenomena, the influence of five tricyclic antidepressants on NA and 5-HT uptake was studied in vitro. The concentrations required to produce a 50% inhibition (IC50) were determined and correlated with the respective doses required to reduce to 50% (ID50) the firing rate of L.C. and D.R. neurones. Ex vivo experiments were also performed to study the influence of the tricyclic antidepressants on NA and 5-HT uptake when administered i.v. at the doses decreasing to 50% the firing rate of L.C. and D.R. cells. The inhibition of the NA uptake by tricyclic antidepressants can account, at least in part, for the inhibition of the firing rate of L.C. neurones observed after acute i.v. administration. In the case of serotonergic neurons, the results do not allow a firm conclusion. PMID- 7110373 TI - Monoamine oxidase of types A and B in the saphenous vein and mesenteric artery of the dog. AB - Homogenates of dog saphenous vein and mesenteric artery were prepared in phosphate buffer. Monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was determined with 3H-5 hydroxytryptamine (3H-5-HT) as a preferential substrate for MAO type A, 14C-beta phenylethylamine as a preferential substrate for MAO type B, and 3H-tyramine as a substrate for both MAO types. Km and Vmax for the different substrates were determined, and clorgyline and (-)-deprenyl were used as specific inhibitors. The endogenous noradrenaline content was compared with the activity of MAO in both blood vessels. The results show that the enzymatic deamination of tyramine is slightly but significantly higher in the mesenteric artery than in the saphenous vein. MAO A activity was significantly higher in the mesenteric artery than in the saphenous vein, but MAO B activity was the same in both vessels. Hence, the ratio MAO A activity/MAO B activity was greater for the mesenteric artery than for the saphenous vein. This difference may be related to the density of the adrenergic innervation of the two blood vessels. PMID- 7110372 TI - Energy linked uptake of demethylphalloin by isolated rat liver cells. AB - Isolated hepatocytes accumulate demethylphalloin (DMP) under aerobic conditions. In the absence of oxygen the initial rate of the DMP uptake is reduced to less than 20%, while reoxygenation restores the transport. Liver cells release previously accumulated phallotoxin when the oxygen supply is interrupted. DMP uptake is blocked by oligomycin, antimycin A, carbonylcyano-chlorophenylhydrazon (CCCP) or dinitrophenol and is partially inhibited by carboxyatractyloside. Depletion of ATP in hepatocytes by replacement of glucose by fructose reduces the accumulation of toxin too. Below 22 degrees C no uptake was measurable. Between 22 degrees and 37 degrees C an apparent activation energy of 76.6 kJ/mol toxin and a Q10 of 2.6 was calculated for the carrier mediated uptake of DMP. The results suggest that the uptake of demethylphalloin is an energy dependent substrate transfer very similar to that of cholate. PMID- 7110374 TI - Metabolism of endogenous and exogenous noradrenaline in the rabbit perfused heart. AB - The outflow of noradrenaline, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DOPEG) and 3,4 dihydroxymandelic acid (DOMA) from rabbit perfused hearts was studied by chromatography on alumina followed by high pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. In the absence of drugs and without nerve stimulation, the outflow of endogenous noradrenaline over a period of 108 min averaged 0.17 pmol X g-1 X min-1 and the outflow of DOPEG 2.1 pmol X g-1 X min-1. The outflow of DOMA was below the detection limit (less than 0.13 pmol X g-1 X min-1). The effect of perfusion with (-)-noradrenaline 0.1, or 10 mumol/l for 18 min was then investigated. As the concentration of nor-adrenaline increased so did the outflow of DOPEG. Moreover, DOMA was found in the venous effluent during and after perfusion with noradrenaline 1 or 10 mumol/l. The increase in the outflow of DOPEG and DOMA was almost abolished when cocaine 10 mumol/l was present during the perfusion with noradrenaline 1 mumol/l. The release of endogenous noradrenaline by sympathetic nerve stimulation or tyramine 10 mumol/l, but not the release evoked by nicotine 30 mumol/l, was accompanied by an increase in the outflow of DOPEG; an outflow of DOMA was not observed. It is concluded that, in the rabbit perfused heart, DOPEG is an important metabolite of endogenous noradrenaline. DOMA is at best a minor product, either when the neurones are at rest or when noradrenaline is released by sympathetic nerve stimulation, nicotine or tyramine. DOMA is formed in detectable amounts when the tissue is exposed to a high concentration of exogenous noradrenaline. Like DOPEG, it is formed intraneuronally. The results confirm and extend those obtained previously on guinea-pig incubated atria. They make it unlikely that, in these tissues at least, DOMA formation is one of the physiological pathways of noradrenaline catabolism. PMID- 7110375 TI - Electron microscopic evidence that bretylium and pargyline delay adrenergic nerve degeneration after sympathectomy of the pineal gland. AB - Seventeen and twenty four hours after sympathetic denervation, noradrenaline stores of the rat pineal gland were depleted to 50% and 10% of controls, respectively. Electron microscopic studies showed the coexistence of normal and altered nerve endings 17 h after denervation, while 24 h after denervation, only degenerated nerve terminals were observed. Treatment with pargyline (512 mumoles/kg) or bretylium (24 mumoles/kg) significantly delayed the loss of noradrenaline from denervated glands. In pargyline treated rats, 17 h after denervation, noradrenaline stores were 90% of control glands. After bretylium, values obtained 24 h after denervation, declined to 36% of innervated glands. Persistence of neurotransmitter coincided with the presence of normal nerve endings as observed electron microscopically. It is concluded that both, pargyline and bretylium, prolonged the survival of nerve endings severed from the cell body. PMID- 7110376 TI - Caerulein and morphine in a model of visceral pain. Effects on the hypotensive response to renal pelvis distension in the rat. AB - In pentobarbital-anaesthetized rats (60 mg/kg, i.p.) renal pelvis distension with a pressure of 80 cm H2O caused a decline in mean arterial blood pressure. This pressure response, which disappeared rapidly after cessation of the distension, was used to study the effects of analgesic drugs known to be effective in renal colic pain in man. Morphine (0.75 and 1 mg/kg, s.c.) and the decapeptide caerulein (1.6, 4 and 8 microgram/kg, s.c.) abolished the pressure response. The effects of the largest doses lasted for at least 30 min. Ineffective in this respect were (a) desulphated caerulein (40 microgram/kg, s.c.) and (b) additional doses of pentobarbital (20 and 40 mg/kg, s.c.). This shows (a) the importance of the sulphated tyrosine (known from previous studies on central effects) and (b) the missing influence of the depth of anaesthesia. Naloxone (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.) abolished the effect of morphine (1 mg/kg, s.c.) but failed to influence that of caerulein (8 microgram/kg, s.c.). Even a fourfold dose of naloxone (2 mg/kg, s.c.) did not weaken the effect of caerulein. Naloxone, per se, was ineffective. These results suggest different mechanisms of the present effects of morphine and caerulein. It appears that renal pelvis distension in the anaesthetized rat can serve as a model of renal colic. PMID- 7110377 TI - Effects of hypokalemia on the various parts of the conduction system of the dog heart in situ. AB - The effects of hypokalemia were studied on the various parts of the conduction system by means of His bundle potential recording in the heart of vagotomized dogs. Plasma potassium concentration was lowered by extracorporeal dialysis, precautions being taken against the simultaneous impairment of other parameters, especially humoral. In order to make sure that the changes in atrioventricular conduction observed were due to hypokalemia, a control series of experiments was carried out, under strictly identical conditions except that the dialysis fluid was not devoid of potassium. The following alterations were observed during the lowering of potassium concentration from 3.2 to 1.6 mmol/l: atrioventricular node conduction time (AH interval) increased steadily up to 250% of control values; conduction time in atrial contractile tissue (SA interval) and His Purkinje system (HV interval) exhibited variations much later and much smaller; conduction time in ventricular contractile tissue was not significantly affected; effective refractory period (ERP) of atrial muscle, initially the longest in ERPs of conduction system in vagotomized animals, was shortened by about 20%. The mechanism of all these alterations is discussed. PMID- 7110379 TI - Transport of organic ions through lipid bilayers. The barbiturates. AB - In a previous article [Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol (1981) 316:266-272] transport of a number of organic ions across lipid bilayers was investigated using single bilayer liposomes. In this investigation the translocation of structurally closely related barbiturates across lipid bilayers is studied. The anionic form of the barbiturates can pass lipid bilayers, provided that the lipophilicity of the 5,5-disubstituted side chain is high enough. This permeability of barbiturates in the ionized form explains their uncoupling action of the oxidative phosphorylation and the deviations from the pH-partition theory found in absorption processes. PMID- 7110378 TI - Hydrophobic membrane interaction of etidocaine, bupivacaine and 2-chloroprocaine. A spin and fluorescent probe study. AB - It has been suggested that local anesthetics may block sodium conductance through nervous membranes also by hydrophobic interaction, e.g., by expanding the membrane. Decreased anisotropy (fluidization) and depressed phase transition temperatures have been shown by relatively high local anesthetic concentrations. We studied the dose dependence of the effect of three clinically used local anesthetics, with different lipid solubility, on lipid fluidity parameters of four different model membranes. With stearic acid spin labels in dipalmitoyl lecithin vesicles etidocaine (1-5 mM) had the clearest fluidizing effect followed by bupivacaine (5 mM); 2-chloroprocaine was without effect on lipid fluidity. In synaptic plasma membranes a fluidizing effect near the hydrophilic part of the lipid bilayer was similar with etidocaine and bupivacaine (5-10 mM); 2 chloroprocaine had no effect. Bupivacaine at 125 and 250 muM had a small ordering effect, which was not seen at a more hydrophobic site of the membrane. Etidocaine had the strongest fluidizing effect at the latter site of the synaptic plasma membranes. In erythrocyte ghost membranes, probed by stearic acid spin labels near the hydrophilic end, none of local anesthetics affected fluidity at 24 degrees C, while at 37 degrees C etidocaine (1-5 mM) and bupivacaine (5 mM) had a fluidizing effect. Dimyristoyl lecithin vesicles were probed by cis- and trans parinaric acid. Etidocaine and bupivacaine (5-10 mM) clearly depressed the phase transition temperature evaluated from fluorescence intensity scans. The effect was most marked with bupivacaine (1-10 mM) when cis-parinaric acid was used. While isolated mammalian nerves are blocked by local anesthetic concentrations below 100 muM, this study shows that the clinically used local anesthetics increase fluidity and depress phase transition temperature only at 10-100 times higher concentrations at physiological pH. This kind of hydrophobic membrane interaction may not be important for the nerve blocking effect. PMID- 7110380 TI - Binding of thioridazine and thioridazine metabolites to serum proteins. An in vitro study. AB - The binding constants of the binding between thioridazine and its metabolites, side-chain sulfoxide, side-chain sulfone and ring sulfoxide, on the one hand, and the plasma proteins, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, albumin and total serum proteins, on the other, were determined. The binding constants between the drug substances and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein were found to be about a thousand times higher than the binding constants between the drug substances and albumin. The binding constants of whole serum were close to those of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. Analysis of the binding data indicated competition between thioridazine and its metabolites. A number of drug substances were screened for possible binding interaction with thioridazine and its metabolites. Tricyclic antidepressants and propranolol significantly increased the free concentration of thioridazine. Also salicyclic acid and the plasticizing agent, TBEP, had this effect. PMID- 7110381 TI - Apomorphine contracts and relaxes circular smooth muscle of guinea-pig stomach via action on adrenoceptor mechanisms. AB - Nanomolar concentrations of apomorphine caused contractions of the circular smooth muscle from the body region of the guinea-pig stomach, the response showing rapid tachyphylaxis. These contractions were antagonised by yohimbine but not by prazosin, haloperidol, propranolol or methysergide. Higher concentrations of apomorphine caused concentration-related relaxations of the stomach body which were not subject to tachyphylaxis. These were antagonised by propranolol but not by prazosin, yohimbine or haloperidol. Dopamine-induced contractions of the circular smooth muscle from the stomach body were antagonised by apomorphine in nanomolar concentrations; acetylcholine-induced contractions and isoprenaline-, dopamine- and phenylephrine-induced relaxations were unaffected by apomorphine. Thus, it is concluded that the contraction of circular smooth muscle from the stomach body to apomorphine is mediated via an adrenoceptor with characteristics of the alpha2-type, and that a partial agonist-antagonist action prevents subsequent contractile responses to apomorphine and dopamine. Relaxation caused only at higher concentrations of apomorphine is mediated via an adrenoceptor with characteristics of the beta-type. PMID- 7110382 TI - The effects of metoclopramide on acetylcholine release and on smooth muscle response in the isolated guinea-pig ileum. AB - The effects of metoclopramide on smooth muscle contraction and on release of acetylcholine were studied in the guinea-pig myenteric plexus longitudinal muscle preparation. Acetylcholine was determined either as endogenous acetylcholine, or as labelled transmitter from strips preloaded with 3H-choline. Metoclopramide caused an increase in resting tension of longitudinal muscle as well as an increase in resting output of either endogenous or labelled acetylcholine. Tetrodotoxin abolished the metoclopramide-evoked increase in transmitter release. The increase in smooth muscle tension was clearly related to the increase in resting output. The effects of metoclopramide on both longitudinal muscle contraction and resting release of labelled acetylcholine were prevented in the presence of a concentration of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) that desensitized 5-HT receptors. This suggests that metoclopramide stimulates neuronal 5-HT receptors and, thereby, facilitates acetylcholine release. Metoclopramide augmented the twitch-like contractions induced by field stimulation at 0.1 Hz. Contractions elicited at 1 Hz were only slightly enhanced. Similarly, metoclopramide facilitated only the release of labelled acetylcholine evoked by electrical stimulation at 0.1 Hz, but not that at 1 Hz. The facilitatory effects of metoclopramide on twitch height and evoked release could not be attributed to a blockade of presynaptic inhibitory alpha-adrenoceptors, dopamine or muscarine receptors. PMID- 7110383 TI - Affinity labels for membrane components involved in the uptake of bile acids and of phallotoxins by hepatocytes. Development of covalently binding derivatives of bile acids and of compounds related to cholecystographic agents. AB - A series of covalently binding derivatives of bile acids, fusidic acid and of compounds similar to cholecystographic agents were synthesized. Nearly all of them inhibited the development of protrusions on the surface of isolated hepatocytes regularly seen after treatment with phalloidin. The same compounds inhibited the uptake of demethylphalloin and of cholate in a concentration dependent manner. Two kinds of effects could be distinguished: The irreversible part of the inhibition depended on the incubation period and could not be removed by washing procedures. The reversible one was independent on the duration of the preincubation. Final results indicated that the tested derivatives inhibited either both transports, and the phalloidin response of liver cells to the same degree and in the same manner, or were found to be ineffective in all tests. The above parallelism supports the hypothesis that phallotoxins may be translocated by a carrier system normally responsible for the uptake of bile acids from the portal blood. PMID- 7110385 TI - [Purulent pericarditis]. PMID- 7110384 TI - Different effects of 3-chlorophenylpiperazine on locomotor activity and acquisition of conditioned avoidance response in different strains of mice. AB - Mice of C57BL/6 (C57), Balb/c (BALB), and CD-1 (CD) strains were injected with 3 chlorophenylpiperazine (CPP), 1-10 mg/kg ip, and their exploratory and basal locomotor activities and acquisition of conditioned avoidance response in a shuttle-box were tested. In C57 mice CPP did not affect either locomotor activity or shuttle-box performance. In BALB mice CPP inhibited both basal and exploratory activities (the latter only in higher doses) and facilitated the acquisition of conditioned avoidance response. In CD mice CPP did not affect exploration, but inhibited basal locomotor activity and facilitated the shuttle-box performance. It is concluded that there exist large interstrain differences in responsiveness of mice to CPP, and that the drug may facilitate acquisition of conditioned avoidance response through a strain-specific, serotonin-independent mechanism. PMID- 7110386 TI - [Hidden formaldehyde]. PMID- 7110387 TI - [Congenital bladder neck sclerosis]. PMID- 7110388 TI - [Bradycardia and cardiogenic shock caused by carbachol]. PMID- 7110389 TI - [Toxic shock syndrome and rhabdomyolysis]. PMID- 7110391 TI - [Hereditary spherocytosis in children]. PMID- 7110390 TI - [Long-term treatment of patients with obesity using mazindol and a reducing diet]. PMID- 7110392 TI - [A patient with congenital bladder neck sclerosis]. PMID- 7110393 TI - [Dry eyes]. PMID- 7110394 TI - [The significance of sublabial salivary gland biopsy as a diagnostic aid in Sjogren's syndrome, Besnier-Boeck disease and amyloidosis]. PMID- 7110395 TI - [Contact allergy to tromantadine (Viru-Merz) in the treatment of herpes simplex infections]. PMID- 7110396 TI - [Bone scintigraphy as a routine study in patients with breast cancer; a critical appraisal]. PMID- 7110397 TI - [Meningeal irritation as (mis)leading symptom]. PMID- 7110398 TI - [Bone marrow culture in the diagnosis of typhoid fever]. PMID- 7110399 TI - [Surgery of the liver]. PMID- 7110400 TI - [A patient with a severe paralytic form of poliomyelitis after a stay in Tunesia]. PMID- 7110401 TI - [Estimation of the genetic damage caused by therapeutic irradiation]. PMID- 7110402 TI - [Acute manifestations of a chronic disease, hypocorticism]. PMID- 7110403 TI - [Treatment of larynx cancer]. PMID- 7110404 TI - [Legionnaire's disease - current developments]. PMID- 7110405 TI - [Continuing decrease of appendicitis morbidity and mortality]. PMID- 7110406 TI - [Echinococcosis in the Netherlands]. PMID- 7110407 TI - [A "normal" girl]. PMID- 7110409 TI - [Current clinical aspects of pancreatic cancer]. PMID- 7110408 TI - [A Dutch family with the sick sinus syndrome]. PMID- 7110410 TI - [Juxta-articular adipositas dolorosa and Dercum's disease]. PMID- 7110411 TI - [Prolactinoma; current developments in diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 7110412 TI - [Oral microbiology and the specificity of oral infections]. PMID- 7110413 TI - [Porphyria]. PMID- 7110414 TI - [Epidemiology of stomach carcinoma]. PMID- 7110415 TI - [Computerized tomography in hip disorders]. PMID- 7110416 TI - [Postoperative wound infections]. PMID- 7110417 TI - [Acetic acid poisoning in Curacao]. PMID- 7110418 TI - [More erythrocytes but less oxygen]. PMID- 7110419 TI - [Intraocular tumor metastases]. PMID- 7110421 TI - [Mass screening for breast cancer]. PMID- 7110420 TI - [Pneumoperitonitis caused by Salmonella typhi]. PMID- 7110422 TI - [Listen for a moment]. PMID- 7110423 TI - [Iatrogenic injury of the esophagus]. PMID- 7110424 TI - [Myocardial bridges: possible cause of anginal pain]. PMID- 7110425 TI - [2 outbreaks of Salmonella indiana in Maastricht; a review of the salmonellosis during the Eurotop conference]. PMID- 7110426 TI - [Fewer cases of genital prolapse]. PMID- 7110427 TI - [Vaccination for travelers]. PMID- 7110428 TI - [The risk for women of various ages to die at some time of uterine or ovarian cancer]. PMID- 7110429 TI - [Clinical incidence of uterine and/or vaginal prolapse and nature of the treatment]. PMID- 7110430 TI - [Registered patients with infectious diseases in 1981]. PMID- 7110431 TI - Left atrial myxoma: case report and review. PMID- 7110432 TI - Probable acute thiamine deficiency secondary to gastric partition for morbid obesity. PMID- 7110433 TI - The University of Nebraska Medical Center's fixed wing patient air transport system. PMID- 7110434 TI - Screening for middle ear fluid in a rural pre-school population. PMID- 7110435 TI - [Model of mediator secretion at a neuromuscular synapse based on the spatial heterogeneity of the probability of acetylcholine quantum release]. AB - A spatial heterogeneity of the probability of the mediator quantum release (pt) along the nerve terminal was found in experiments on frog sartorius muscle with extracellular recording of end-plate potentials. The expression of Ca2+ ions effect depended upon the initial pt. With intracellular recording the increase of Ca2+ concentration from 0.2 to 1.8 mM was accompanied by increase of n and p binomial parameters. On the basis of the obtained data a model of mediator release at neuromuscular synapsis is proposed, which allows the estimation of the coefficients of pt distribution along the nerve terminal and the number of acting release sites. For estimation of these parameters it is necessary to calculate the n and p at two different Ca2+ ion concentrations. PMID- 7110436 TI - [Negative surface potential shift and neuronal and glial cell response to tetanic stimulation of the surface of the cortex]. AB - Intracellular neuronal and glial activity in response to tetanic stimulation of the cortical surface or thalamic nuclei and accompanying cortical surface negative potential shifts were recorded in lightly nembutalized curarized cats. Glial cells responded to such stimulation by slow depolarization which under certain conditions of stimulation was replaced by slow hyperpolarization. Neurons responded by hyperpolarization. No correlations between depolarization and hyperpolarization of glial cells as well as between neuronal hyperpolarization and negative surface potential shifts were shown at simultaneous recordings of such shifts and glial neuronal responses. It is suggested that the negative surface potential shift is of a complex origin and is produced by both glial and neuronal somatic and dendritic responses. PMID- 7110437 TI - [Electrophysiologic characteristics of representations of the auditory and somatosensory systems in the turtle midbrain]. AB - Experiments with unanesthetized tubocurarine-immobilized turtles show that the auditory representation is localized in the medio-dorsal part of tegmentum, torus semicircularis, which contains monomodal (auditory) and bimodal (auditory and somatosensory) units. The somatosensory system is wider represented, overlapping the auditory system in the medial parts of tegmentum. The focus of auditory representation is localized in lateral parts of the dorsal tegmentum (n. intercollicularis) where monomodal somatic units were recorded. The predominance of contralateral somatic projections is revealed. Frequency-threshold curves based on threshold of evoked potentials were V-shaped but flattened. Range of perceived frequencies was equal to 40-6000 Hz, range of optimal frequencies was 100-400 Hz. Auditory mesencephalic cells may be attributed to three types of discharge patterns: phasic, sustained and burst firing. Tuning to a single optimal frequency was typical of phasic cells but most of cells with sustained firing were sensitive to two or even three frequencies. PMID- 7110438 TI - [Effect of electric stimulation of the hippocampus and neocortex on limbic cortex neurons in the rabbit]. AB - Extracellular recording of neuronal activity in anterior and posterior cingulate cortex was performed in unanaesthetized rabbits during electrical stimulation of the hippocampus and associative areas of anterior and posterior neocortex. Stimulation of the hippocampus was significantly more effective for posterior cingulate neurons (60% of reactive units) than for the anterior ones (18%). Most of reactive neurons in posterior cingulate cortex responded by time-locked effects; in anterior cingulate cortex such responses were rare. The latencies of the posterior cingular neuronal responses constituted two separate groups with the mean values 12.3 +/- 6.5 ms and 50.2 +/- 10.0 ms. Various forms of the activity suppression were also observed during hippocampal stimulation. Stimulation of posterior neocortex was almost equally effective for both areas of cingulate cortex: in more than a third of the units tested it evoked initial discharge followed by suppression of activity. Stimulation of anterior neocortex evoked such responses only in a limited proportion of anterior cingulate cortex neurons. The facts are discussed in the light of recent morphological data on connections between the investigated structures. PMID- 7110439 TI - [Receptive fields of lateral suprasylvian neurons in the cat]. AB - The receptive field structure of single neurons in lateral suprasylvian area was investigated in cat. Receptive fields were of larger sizes comparing with visual cortex (up to 2000 sq. deg.). The dimensions of receptive fields measured by black objects and light spots revealed differences, the receptive fields being usually larger when black objects were used. The experiments showed that the visually sensitive neurons of the lateral suprasylvian area could be activated by stationary flashing light stimulus. The neurons were qualified in three groups as on, off and on-off. Distribution of the activity all over the receptive field surface was investigated using flashing light spots. Receptive fields with the plural discharge centres were revealed. PMID- 7110440 TI - [Responses of pyramidal tract neurons and cortico-rubral neurons to stimulation of different lateral hypothalamic structures in the cat]. AB - Extracellular responses of pyramidal tract, corticorubral and nonidentified neurons of pericruciate cortex to electrical stimulation of lateral hypothalamus and cutaneous stimulation of all limbs were studied in cats anaesthetized with chloraloze. Responses to hypothalamic stimulation were found in 73%, 55% and 79% of cells respectively. A number of pyramidal tract neurons and nonidentified cells responded to hypothalamic stimulation monosynaptically. On the other hand the latency of corticorubral neuronal responses were longer, less stable and were considered to be polysynaptic. Some cortical neurons responded to stimulation of more than one part of the hypothalamus. Pyramidal tract and cortico-rubral neurons with axon collaterals directed to hypothalamus were identified. Some nonidentified neurons responded to hypothalamic stimulation antidromically and were considered to be corticohypothalamic neurons. It was shown that most of cortical neurons sensitive to hypothalamic stimulation responded also to cutaneous stimulation of more than one limb and had wide bilateral receptive fields. PMID- 7110441 TI - [Routes of transmission of sympatho-activating stimulation to the spinal cord]. PMID- 7110442 TI - [Effect of stimulation of neocortical regions and the subiculum on hippocampal neurons in the rabbit]. PMID- 7110443 TI - Recent trends in cancer incidence in Kiev 1969-1979. AB - The analysis of the trends of age-adjusted incidence rates of malignant tumors in the city of Kiev in the years 1969-1979 revealed a gradual increase of the majority of individual sites, mainly of the malignant tumors of rectum, lymphoid and hematopoietic tissues in both sexes and of breast in females. On the other hand a decrease of incidence rates of the malignancies of skin, lip and stomach in both sexes and of oesophagus, lung and uterine cervix in females was noted. These investigations formed the basis of the prognosis study of incidence rates of malignant tumors in Kiev until 1990. The importance of the study of incidence rates and trends of individual sites of malignant tumors for the investigation of their factors and causes in urban conditions and environment is emphasized. PMID- 7110444 TI - Survival curve description for fractionated radiation therapy. AB - The methods of survival curve description are evaluated. New method of fitation of survival curve data is described. Representations of survival curve are compared and the shapes of different survival curve formula are shown. New simple formula is suggested for practical purposes. PMID- 7110446 TI - In vivo malignant transformation of cells from human oral lichen planus lesions. AB - When incubated in presence of patient's serum, but not normal serum, and complement, oral mucosa cells from patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) clumped together, the cell membrane was destroyed and the cells lysed. Whereas, cells from healthy volunteers maintained their morphology. Sixty to seventy days after inoculation into a thymic Nu/Nu BALB/c nude mice, cells from OLP lesions produced lesions in the recipient animals. Histological examination of these lesions showed hyperplasia with increased number of mitotic figures and dyskeratosis. These lesions resembled severe dysplasia and early squamous cell carcinoma. PMID- 7110445 TI - Vascularization and radiocurability in cancer of the uterine cervix. A retrospective study. AB - The proportion of vascular elements in relation to the parenchymal and stromal components was determined by morphometric analysis of the histologic preparations from biopsies of uterine cervix cancers. In all cases, the material was obtained from tumors in Stages Ib and IIa before any therapy was initiated. In the 23 cases in which radiation treatment of the lesions resulted in a survival longer than 5 years, the proportion of blood vessels in the neoplastic tissue was found to be larger, and especially the stromal components were richer in vascular elements than in the 22 cases in which survival was shorter than 5 years. It was concluded that vascular density at least in cervical cancers of the stages studied can be a diagnostic parameter of a prognostic value as well as of a therapeutic usefulness. PMID- 7110447 TI - The effect of ring-substituted and quaternary chlorpromazine derivatives on the survival of the NK/Ly ascites tumor bearing mice. AB - The effect of quaternary chlorpromazines like-methiodide, allylammonium chloride, -octylammonium iodide, benzylammonium chloride, -phenacylammonium bromide, 9 phenanthryl-methylammonium bromide, trimethylene-bis-chlorpromazine-ammonium bromide and among the ring-substituted derivatives the 7-hydroxy-, 7,8-dihydroxy , 7,8-dioxo-, 6,9-dihydroxy-, 6,9-dioxo-chlorpromazines and the chlorpromazine-5 oxide on the prolongation of survival time of NK/Ly ascites tumor bearing mice was studied. The intraperitoneally administered quaternary chlorpromazine derivatives in 10-25 mg/kg daily dose did not increase the life span of the animals, and did not prevent the development of the ascites tumor. However some ring system substituted chlorpromazines such as the 7,8-dioxo- and 6,9-dioxo derivatives markedly increased the survival time of the tumor bearing mice and reduced the ascite volume in 10 mg/kg body weight dose. PMID- 7110448 TI - Pharmacokinetics of Damvar. AB - The pharmacokinetics of granulated Damvar (delta-(2-amino-6-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-4 oxo-5-pyrimidinyl) valeric acid) after a single oral dose of 1000 mg was studied in 10 subjects with neoplastic disease. The rate of Damvar absorption from the digestive tract is not very fast. Maximal serum levels (13.5 micrograms/ml) were recorded 3 h after administration with minor interpersonal variations. The time course of Damvar serum concentrations coincides with its distribution in a two compartmental pharmacokinetic model with biological half-life of 9.72 +/- 0.84 h. Only a small amount of Damvar is eliminated in urine during a period of 24 h (3.1% of the administered dose). Its renal clearance is also low (0.05 ml/s). The analysis of Damvar excretion in urine shows that kidneys play a minor role in its elimination from the body. Therefore the attention should be concentrated on the effect of Damvar administration in patients with disturbed metabolic functions. PMID- 7110449 TI - Natural killer lymphocyte function in cervical cancer patients. AB - Authors investigated the natural killer and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity functions of lymphocytes in cervical cancer patients. According to the results the natural killer function showed remarkable changes related to the extent and the course of the disease. On the contrary, radiation therapy did not influence this function. The antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity function of the same lymphocytes did not show any alteration under circumstances mentioned above. PMID- 7110450 TI - [Para-neoplastic syndromes in neurology: determination, etio-pathogenetic hypotheses and clinical significance (author's transl)]. PMID- 7110452 TI - [Acute and intermittent with bone malformations of the cranio-cervical region (author's transl)]. PMID- 7110454 TI - [Visual evoked potentials and click-evoked brainstem potentials in early diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: statistics (author's transl)]. AB - 95 sequential unselected patients which had been referred to our lab as certain (31), probable (32) and possible (32) MS cases were examined using checkerboard (VEP) and click-brainstem (BAEP) average potentials. In VEPs, latency of the positive wave around 100 msec, and in BAEPs, latency differences between waves III-V, I-V and latency wave V was measured. Pathology was defined as values of more than 3 SD above mean of controls. VEPs were pathological in 68%/50%/41% and BAEPs were pathological in 32%/28%/9% of the certain/probable/possible cases. Eleven of the probable cases had spinal symptomatology only; 9 of these had pathological VEPs, 4 in addition pathological BAEPs. Ten of the possible cases had spinal symptomatology only; 5 of these had pathological VEPs, 2 in additional pathological BAEPs. - Improved diagnostic certainty was reached in 11 of the 32 probable cases because of pathological VEPs (4 of these in addition had pathological BAEPs). - 10 of the 32 possible cases could be classified as probable, 8 of these because of pathological VEPs and 2 because of pathological BAEPs (the latter 2 had normal VEPs). - Monaural stimulation was not significantly more effective than binaural stimulation. In general, VEPs were clearly more useful than BAEPs in the early diagnostics of MS, and for clarification of spinal symptomatology; however in occasional cases, BAEPs might contribute to the early diagnosis. PMID- 7110451 TI - [Neurological, psychomotor and electroencephalographic findings in patients suffering from primary and secondary hypoparathyroidism and idiopathic calcification of the basal ganglia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7110455 TI - [Brachial plexus, spinal, brainstem and cortical somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) following median nerve stimulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7110453 TI - [Contraception and multiple sclerosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7110456 TI - [Pathogenesis of anosognosia: a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7110457 TI - [Diagnostic significance of altered fiber-type distribution in diseases of the lower motor neurone (author's transl)]. PMID- 7110458 TI - [Acute polyneuropathy due to malabsorption syndrom following gastroileostomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7110459 TI - [Aspergillus fumigatus. Transverse spinal cord lesion in aspergillosis of the lung (author's transl)]. PMID- 7110460 TI - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis - 1981. PMID- 7110461 TI - Reversal of hyperparathyroidism in severe uremics following very low-protein and low-phosphorus diet. PMID- 7110462 TI - Defibrination with ancrod: effect on reticuloendothelial clearance of circulating immune complexes. AB - Defibrination with ancrod has been shown to be a successful form of treatment for certain types of experimental glomerulonephritis. The effect of ancrod on reticuloendothelial function has received little attention. In the present studies the blood clearance and reticuloendothelial uptake of injected preformed BSA-anti-BSA complexes were studied in defibrinated and control mice. 3 h after their injection, the blood levels and the hepatic and splenic uptakes were significantly different in experimental and control groups. It may be concluded that the reticuloendothelial clearance of injected immune complexes is not impaired by defibrination. PMID- 7110463 TI - An assessment of dialysis-associated osteodystrophy in long-term peritoneal dialysis. AB - To assess the development of dialysis-associated osteodystrophy during intermittent peritoneal dialysis, a study was made of 50 patients with end-stage renal failure. The duration of dialysis therapy ranged from 6 to 37 months, during which the peritoneal dialysis index for creatinine fell from 5.7 to 2.9 ml/min. Serum calcium normalized from predialytic values below normal range. During the period of observation there were no significant changes in serum albumin, phosphate, magnesium, ionized calcium or parathyroid hormone levels. Osteodensitometry, performed on 26 patients, revealed no significant changes. Determination of serum total alkaline phosphatases (TALP) and fractioned alkaline phosphatases showed raised TALP values in 30% of the patients; in only 10% of these patients the increase was due to elevated liver isoenzymes. 6 patients had normal TALP but relatively raised bone isoenzyme values. There was a significant correlation between the bone fraction and TALP, and between the liver fraction and TALP, but none between the bone and liver fraction. Patients on intermittent peritoneal dialysis using a dialysis fluid with a relatively high calcium concentration (2.25 mmol/l) seem less prone to develop dialysis-associated osteodystrophy. PMID- 7110464 TI - The problem of fatigue in dialysis patients. AB - 137 patients on maintenance dialysis were studied. All but 2 patients were ambulatory, and all patients demonstrated good to normal strength on manual motor tests. With the exception of systemic lupus erythematosus, no correlation was found between primary diagnosis and patients' fatigue ratings. Laboratory studies of hematocrit, BUN, creatinine, calcium, and phosphorus did not correlate with fatigue ratings for the majority of patients. Fatigue appeared more problematic for patients who had been dialyzing for less than 4 years. Depression was pronounced among patients who reported feeling fatigued upon arising. PMID- 7110465 TI - Effect of peritoneal dialysis solution on the antimicrobial activity of cephalosporins. AB - We studied the effect of peritoneal dialysis solution (PDS) on the antibacterial activity of seven cephalosporins, gentamicin, tobramycin and amikacin. The six bacterial species employed in the study survived in a wide range of concentrations of PDS, however, Staphylococcus aureus did not survive beyond 24 h in PDS. There were no physical incompatibilities between any of the antibiotics and PDS. None of the cephalosporins was bactericidal in PDS, whereas, the bactericidal concentrations of the aminoglycosides in PDS approximated those of aminoglycosides in broth. We conclude from these in vitro data that cephalosporins may not be ideal agents for intraperitoneal therapy when they are administered in PDS. PMID- 7110466 TI - Saline- and glycerol-induced acute renal failure: 'protection' occurs after insult. AB - To determine whether chronic saline ingestion is required for protection against acute renal failure, we examined the effect of the time at which saline was offered. Water-drinking rats developed severe azotemia (BUN 115 +/- 6 mg/dl; 41 +/- 2 mmol/l) 24 h after 50% glycerol i.m. Chronic saline ingestion for 30 days conferred protection only if continued after the insult (BUN 49 +/- 4 mg/dl; 18 +/- 1 mmol/l; p less than 0.01) but not if saline was withdrawn (BUN 110 +/- 8 mg/dl; 38 +/- 3 mmol/l). Moreover, saline offered only after the insult conferred equivalent protection (BUN 57 +/- 6 mg/dl; 32 +/- 2 mmol/l). Fluid intake, arterial blood pressure and plasma volume were better sustained in saline drinking rats. PMID- 7110467 TI - Renal handling of salt and water in the early stage of obstructive jaundice in rabbits. AB - Renal handling of salt and water in the early stage of obstructive jaundice was studied in rabbits 10 days after the ligation of the common bile duct (BDL). Sham operated (SO) animals served as controls. No sodium retention was found in BDL rabbits, despite reduced renal perfusion and elevated plasma aldosterone level. A redistribution of intrarenal blood flow was not found. The filtration fraction did not change. A saline load resulted in decreases in arterial hematocrit and total serum proteins, and increases in urine output, urinary sodium excretion and osmolal clearance. Blood pressure, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), RPF, the filtration fraction and the intrarenal flow distribution were not significantly affected by the saline load. No significant difference was found in the natriuretic response to the saline load between the BDL and SO groups. After 60 h of water deprivation, there was no significant difference in urine-to-plasma osmolality ratios or renal tissue fluid osmolality between the BDL and SO animals. The findings indicate that renal handling of salt and water was well maintained in the early phase of obstructive jaundice in rabbits. The data also suggest the critical role of the redistribution of intrarenal blood flow rather than of GFR or aldosterone in determining sodium retention in obstructive jaundice. PMID- 7110468 TI - Platelet counts in blood taken from femoral artery, femoral vein, cubital vein, and arteriovenous fistula. AB - In 20 patients under regular dialysis with an arteriovenous fistula in one forearm, platelet counts were measured in blood taken simultaneously from the cubital vein, the arterialized vein near the site of anastomosis, the femoral vein, and the femoral artery. Samples of blood from the fistula and from the cubital vein of the opposite limb were taken with and without stasis. The highest values were found in blood taken from the cubital vein without stasis. Platelet counts were identical in femoral artery and vein, but were 4.8 and 4.9%, respectively, lower than the cubital vein values. Platelet counts from fistula blood taken without stasis were 13.7% lower than in the cubital vein. Platelet counts were lower when samples of blood were taken with stasis: 11.2% in the cubital vein, 7.4% in fistula blood. The awareness of these differences is of practical importance for platelet behavior studies. PMID- 7110469 TI - The dialysis dementia syndrome and aluminum intoxication. PMID- 7110470 TI - The lack of effect of guanidinoacetic acid on in vitro osmotic fragility of erythrocytes. PMID- 7110472 TI - Serum alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (orosomucoid) in uremic patients on hemodialysis. AB - The alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (orosomucoid) concentration in the serum of 34 uremic patients on chronic hemodialysis was measured twice at intervals of 3 months. In 80% of the cases the concentrations are above normal. Furthermore, the examination showed a correlation between the concentrations at the first and at the second measurement. No change in se-orosomucoid concentration was observed during hemodialysis. We therefore conclude that orosomucoid cannot be used as an acute phase reactant among uremic patients in chronic hemodialysis neither is it very likely that the hyperlipidemia and accelerated atherosclerosis in hemodialysis patients are due to lack of orosomucoid. PMID- 7110471 TI - The toxicity of guanidino compounds in the red blood cell in uremia and the effects of hemodialysis. AB - The presence of creatine, guanidinopropionic acid (GPA) and guanidinobutyric acid (GBA) was demonstrated in red blood cells from uremic patients; they were found only in trace amounts in red blood cells of normal controls. The levels of creatine, GPA and GBA in the red cell did not change during dialysis in contrast to the simultaneous decrease in plasma level. Both creatine and GPA inhibited glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in vitro in physiological concentration, while creatine also activated erythrocyte transketolase (ETK). These effects are consistent with the low red cell G6PD level and high ETK activity that were observed in our uremic patients. The unchanging levels of creatine and GPA in the red cell despite hemodialysis may explain the continuing autohemolysis in otherwise adequately hemodialyzed end-stage renal failure patients. PMID- 7110473 TI - Renal handling of urate in patients with calcium stone disease. AB - The renal handling of urate was investigated in 28 recurrent calcium stone formers and 12 healthy controls. 12 patients were hyperuricosuric and 16 patients had incomplete proximal or distal acidification defects. Measurements of the glomerular filtration and the tubular reabsorption of filtered urate were made through the pyrazinamide (PZA)-suppression test of urate secretion. Hyperuricosuria could not be explained by defects in the renal handling of urate. Patients with proximal acidification defects had a higher tubular reabsorption of filtered urate than the other subjects. Tubular reabsorption of filtered urate was inversely correlated, and filtered urate escaping reabsorption positively correlated to the 24-hour excretion of urate. In contrast, the PZA-suppressible fraction of urate excretion, which is the net effect of tubular secretion and post-secretory reabsorption and thought to be the main regulator of urate excretion, was not correlated to the 24-hour excretion of urate. It is concluded that the renal handling of urate is basically normal in calcium stone disease, whereas minor deviations may co-exist with renal tubular acidification dysfunction. PMID- 7110474 TI - Peritoneal transport of vancomycin in 4 patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. AB - The pharmacokinetics of vancomycin have been studied in 4 chronic renal failure patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Patients received 1 g of vancomycin in 2 liters of dialysate during an initial phase, and serum and dialysate samples were collected for vancomycin determination. 54% of the amount introduced into the peritoneal cavity were absorbed systemically during a 6-hour cycle. Peak serum concentrations averaged 23.7 microgram/ml. Mean elimination half-life was calculated to be 66.9 h, and dialysis clearance averaged 2.4 ml/min. PMID- 7110475 TI - Hyperglycemia in advanced renal failure: sodium and water metabolism. AB - The pathophysiology of anuric hyperglycemia is characterized by changes in extracellular fluid volume and in effective osmolality. We studied these changes in 7 anuric patients during correction (seven instances) or development (one instance) of hyperglycemia. During observations, intakes and outputs of fluids were negligible and weights did not change. Pulmonary edema, present in hyperglycemia in six instances, disappeared with normalization of glucose concentration in five instances. While glucose was rising, before study, thirst and water intake were pronounced in six instances; in three, normalization of glucose concentration uncovered true hyponatremia. For the same change in blood glucose, changes in effective osmolality were greatest in patients with anasarca. PMID- 7110476 TI - Effect of furosemide on renal size: ultrasonic characterization of renovascular hypertension. AB - In this pilot study, sequential ultrasonic scanning was used to assess (a) whether furosemide injection normally causes an enlargement of kidney size, and (b) whether this effect is blunted in renovascular hypertensives to such a degree as to bear potential diagnostic value. Furosemide caused similar degrees of maximal area enlargement in both kidneys of 10 healthy subjects (16.1 +/- 3.9%) and 10 essential hypertensives (14.8 +/- 4.2%) whereas in 11 renovascular patients maximal distension of the affected kidneys was significantly blunted (9.4 +/- 3.7%) in comparison with that of contralateral kidneys (19.6 +/- 7.7%). In the 6 hypertensives with one small kidney not due to renal artery stenosis, maximal enlargement of the affected kidneys averaged 22.8 +/- 5.1%, and that of contralateral kidneys 15.8 +/- 4.2%. In 8 out of the 11 patients with renovascular hypertension the difference in response between the paired kidneys had values outside the ranges of patients with both the other forms of arterial hypertension. The data suggest that the furosemide test may be of value in the screening for renovascular hypertension. PMID- 7110477 TI - Effect of hemodialysis on plasma kinetics of fenofibrate in chronic renal failure. AB - The influence of hemodialysis on plasma fenofibric acid kinetics has been investigated in patients with chronic renal failure given 300 mg of fenofibrate in a single oral dose. A very pronounced lengthening of the fenofibric acid plasma decay was observed in both hemodialyzed (n = 6) and nonhemodialyzed (n = 9) patients. Hemodialysis did not modify the plasma levels and the ultrafiltrates contained very small amounts of fenofibric acid. The repeated daily administration of 100 mg of fenofibrate during 2 weeks in 5 renal patients on regular hemodialysis resulted in increasing plasma levels and led to progressive cumulation of fenofibric acid. Plasma fenofibric acid conjugates could not be detected. No particular clinical side effects or increase of CPK, GOT, GPT were be observed. PMID- 7110478 TI - Ureteric pain in patients with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis. Diagnostic approach with ultrasonography and computer tomography. AB - Chronically hemodialyzed patients who experienced ureteric pain were studied using ultrasonography and computer tomography. 6 of 45 dialysis patients complained of flank, lumbar or lower abdominal pain and 4 of these sonography or computer tomography. Ultrasonography was diagnostically superior to computer tomography. Renal stones were observed in 23 out of 45 cases by computer tomography. Ultrasonographic images of small renal stones were sometimes equivocal as compared with computer tomography, but low density stones, not shown by computer tomography, were shown by ultrasonography in a few cases. Therefore, both methods, in combination, are of great value in the diagnosis of asymptomatic renal stones as well as ureteral obstruction in the contracted kidney. PMID- 7110479 TI - A hypothesis proposing increased blood viscosity as a cause of proteinuria and increased vascular permeability. AB - Currently accepted concepts of renal and vascular physiology are inadequate to explain the reversible increases in vascular permeability which occur during episodes of increased blood viscosity. On the basis that all basement membranes exhibit biological thixotropy, it has been suggested that basement membranes are pressure dependent. The physiological significance of increased blood viscosity lies in the associated increase in peripheral vascular resistance which develops because of altered blood rheology. In order to overcome the peripheral resistance, intravascular pressure rises, and if adequate pressures develop, plasma proteins may deform and pass through the vascular basement membrane. This is considered to be the mechanism of proteinuria. In the treatment of high blood viscosity disorders it is suggested that the immunosuppressant drug, Thiamphenicol, may be useful because of its ability to induce a reversible dose related depression of erythropoiesis, and thereby reduce blood viscosity. PMID- 7110480 TI - Pseudohypoglycaemia in acute renal failure with Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. PMID- 7110481 TI - Haemorrhage in high-risk haemodialysis--low heparin dose. PMID- 7110482 TI - [Unusual radiological and clinical findings in a calcified chronic extradural haematoma (author's transl)]. AB - In three of 32 patients with epidural haematomas calcifications and ossifications of the bleeding were found. Quickly developing (3 to 7 weeks) ossifications could be demonstrated by repeated X-rays and CT of the skull in partial drained or untreated haematomas. No ossification could be observed in the remaining 29 cases, in which the haematomas were completely removed. The growth of the ossification from the parietal to the visceral side within the capsules of the haematomas could be monitored in its progress by CT and was histologically verified. The underlying pathological mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 7110483 TI - [Spinal extradural haematoma--the cause of the bleeding (author's transl)]. AB - A case of spontaneous spinal extradural haematoma is reported in an 18-year-old male patient. Neither hypertension nor haemorrhagic diathesis was found as a possible cause of bleeding. A conglomerate of abnormal vessels was removed at operation, and histological examination showed the appearance of venous racemose angioma. Reviewing the available literature, 85 cases of spontaneous spinal extradural haematoma have been reported. Twenty-five of them were 20 years of age or younger, and the histological confirmation of angioma as a cause of bleeding was obtained in only five. Nevertheless, an angioma should be seriously suspected as a possible cause of spontaneous spinal extradural haematoma, particularly in the young. PMID- 7110484 TI - Subpial spinal Lipomas. PMID- 7110485 TI - Spinal intradural arachnoid cysts. PMID- 7110487 TI - Intrathoracic and Intraspinal Chondrosarcoma. PMID- 7110488 TI - A case of pan-medullary astrocytoma in a child. AB - The authors report a case of a Grade 2 astrocytoma with pan-medullary extension, from C1 to L2, in a little girl aged 12. It was successfully operated on. The clinical picture showed an initial acute paraplegia which suddenly turned into tetraplegia with respiratory insufficiency and second degree coma. Besides the rarity of the case, some atypical aspects are pointed out, such as the patient's youth and the partially aggressive character of the neoplasm. The surgical implications of such pan-medullary tumours are discussed, the authors emphasize the aspects that in their opinion indicate exploratory surgery and, when possible, total removal of the tumours. PMID- 7110486 TI - Multiple cervical disc protrusions. PMID- 7110489 TI - Extradural empyema complicating frontal sinusitis. PMID- 7110490 TI - [The treatment of carotico-cavernous fistulas, past and present (author's transl)]. AB - Even at the present time, the surgical treatment of carotico-cavernous fistulas still presents problems. The author gives a brief review of the diagnosis, incidence and pathology and a detailed survey of the earlier methods of treatment, as well as those used at present, particular attention being drawn to the intravascular invasive procedures. It appears appropriate to rationalize the methods used today, namely ligation, embolization and coagulation. The author describes the use of his own successful method, in which injection of a tissue adhesive with an acrylate base (FIMOMED) through a double lumen microcatheter remains the method of choice. PMID- 7110491 TI - ["Selective amygdalo-hippocampectomy" as a surgical treatment of mesiobasal limbic epilepsy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7110492 TI - Supratentorial extracerebral cysts of the middle cranial fossa. A report of 23 consecutive cases of the so-called temporal lobe agenesis syndrome. AB - 23 cases of supratentorial extracerebral cysts of the Sylvian fissure in children and adult patients are reported. There were 21 male and 2 female patients and the medial age was 15 years (range 2--60 years). The cysts were located in the left middle cranial fossa in 18 cases, in two cases there were bilateral cysts and three patients only had right-sided lesions. In 14 patients the presence of the cyst was uncomplicated. In two of these patients the cyst was detected only incidentally. Four patients had subdural haematomas in addition to the cyst. Two patients had subdural haematomas and were hydrocephalic as well. Three patients had large cysts and hydrocephalus. We did not encounter intracystic bleeding. Operation on the cysts by uncapping them was done in four cases. In all four instances histological examination of the cyst wall revealed that it was composed of arachnoid. Uncapping of the cyst was not followed by its diminution in any of the four patients. It seems that uncapping of such cysts is not a helpful treatment and that surgical treatment in our cases should have been restricted to complications such as subdural haematomas and hydrocephalus. A search for better operative methods for the treatment of large extracerebral supratentorial cysts of the middle cranial fossa should be undertaken. PMID- 7110493 TI - Solitary osteolytic lesions of the skull vault in children. PMID- 7110494 TI - [An unusual manifestation of a pineal tumour (author's transl)]. AB - In the last two years, out of 186 cases of brain tumours we have treated 10 tumours in the pineal region. One of these patients had a pineocytoma. The patient was admitted to our clinic with generalized epilepsy. At the time of admission there were no neurological deficits. In the CT scan we found a tumour in the pineal region with cystic extension in the right temporo-occipital region. The tumour was totally excised and the patient did well postoperatively. The only neurological sequela was a left-sided homonymous hemianopia. He resumed his former profession and is working successfully up till now. It was necessary to radiate the patient, as no tumour recurrence was demonstrated in the CT scan. PMID- 7110496 TI - [Practical assessment of brain dysfunction in severe head trauma (author's transl)]. AB - Assessment of brain dysfunction in head injured patients is important as an index of severity of brain damage and forms the basis of monitoring. . The Glasgow Coma scale (G.C.S.) is a practical scale for nurses. The Liege Coma scale contains the three variables of the G.C.S. and provides informations concerning the brain stem reflexes. In a series of 60 head-injured patients, recovery rates were calculated on the basis of either Glasgow scores or Liege scores. The Liege Coma scale provides a more sensitive index of clinical course and a better prognosis. PMID- 7110497 TI - [Lumbo-peritoneal shunt. Indications and results about 80 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7110495 TI - Recurrence in craniopharyngiomas. PMID- 7110498 TI - [The preoperative diagnosis of intracerebral hydatid cysts by scanner and its prognostic importance (author's transl)]. AB - In this communication the experience with 10 consecutive cases of hydatid cysts of the brain is presented. Absence of mortality and of significant morbidity is claimed on the accurate preoperative diagnosis with the help of CT. and improved surgical technics leading to unruptured removal of all the cysts. Pathognomonic CT. changes of hydatid cysts of the brain is stressed and evolution in the therapy of this C.N.S. lesion is discussed. It is concluded that we are now in a stage to consider a solitary hydatid cyst of the brain as a benign affection, should it be removed unruptured the patient will make a complete recovery of function. PMID- 7110499 TI - [Intra-cranial abscesses and congenital heart disease in children (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report on 13 cerebral abscesses developed in children with cyanogenic heart disease. The abscesses have been treated by one or several punctures and by a general antibiotherapy adjusted to the germ when it was isolated. C.T. Scan and epidural Intra-cranial pressure monitoring have defined the Therapeutic tactics. The mortality rate is 7.7%. 60% of the survivors lead a normal life; 40% are mentally retarded; however this mental retardation is not directly related to the abscess; it appears to be a consequence of the cyanogenic cardiopathy. The neurological sequelae are one epilepsy and two visual defects compatible with normal life. Successive C.T. Scans in the months following treatment have shown the progressive disappearance of the abscess membranes. The conclusions of this study are under antibiotherapy, it is better to tap abscesses than to remove them and that their prophylaxy is the suppression of the shunt responsible of the cyanosis. PMID- 7110500 TI - [Use of a new antihaemorrhagic agent in neurosurgery. Trial in 35 cases (author's transl)]. AB - A new hemostatic agent which can be applied locally on diffuse bleeding of the dura or of the brain has been used in 35 cases --12 cases on the dura mater; --6 cases on cerebral traumatic laceration; --15 cases in astrocytomas grade III and IV; --2 cases in cerebral AVM. This new material is made of sheets of natural collagen and is resorbable. The same kind of material is used in U.S.A. under the name of Avitene. The results have been very encouraging when compared to the use of oxycel. The authors think that the result can be more striking when a powder will be added to the sheet. PMID- 7110501 TI - [Creatine kinase isoenzymes in severe head injury (author's transl)]. AB - We measured the c.s.f. and serum creatine kinase activities in the first hours following the trauma, for 24 severe head injury patients. We found a good correlation between total CK and CKBB isoenzymes levels in the c.s.f. only. The c.s.f. values are a quantitative index of brain dysfunction assessed by the Liege coma scale, associating the Glasgow coma scale and the study of the brain stem reflexes. There is no relationship between CK activity and intracranial pressure. PMID- 7110502 TI - [Medulloblastoma]. PMID- 7110503 TI - Ganglion cells of chicken retina possess nicotinic rather than muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. AB - Chicken retinas were exposed to intravitreal kainic acid to destroy amacrine and bipolar cells at low concentrations, and horizontal cells at high concentrations in addition. Ganglion cell were destroyed by intravitreal injections of colchicine. Low doses of kainic acid reduced the number of binding sites for both [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (muscarinic acetylcholine receptors) and N-[propionyl 3H]alpha-bungarotoxin (nicotinic acetylcholine receptors), with little additional loss at higher doses. In contrast, colchicine reduced the number of binding sites for N-[propionyl-3H]alpha-bungarotoxin, but had little or no effect on the number of binding sites for [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate. These results are consistent with the idea that, in chicken retina, cholinergic amacrine cells make contact with ganglion cell dendrites at sites which possess mainly nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, while both types of receptor are involved in interactions between amacrine cells and perhaps bipolar cells. PMID- 7110504 TI - The importance of cell contact for the proliferation of neuroblasts in culture and its stimulation by meningeal extract. AB - The influence of cell density and cell contacts on the proliferation of neuroblasts in culture and its stimulation by meningeal extract were investigated. Dissociated brain cells from 6-day-old chick embryos were cultured under 3 different culture conditions to obtain dense or sparse brain cell cultures, as well as cultures of isolated neuronal cell. The proliferation fo neuroblasts, shown by morphological observations, cell counts, determinations of DNA content and measurements of [3H]thymidine incorporation, was found to be the highest in cultures where cell density and cellular contacts were greatest. The addition of meningeal extract stimulated the multiplication of neuroblasts only in cultures where the cells were in closer with each other. The results suggested, therefore, that cell density and cell-cell interactions are of importance and favored neuroblast proliferation. PMID- 7110505 TI - Possible role of sialocompounds in the uptake of choline into synaptosomes and nerve cell cultures. AB - Incubation of primary nerve cell cultures and of crude synaptosomal preparations with neuraminidase released sialic acid from both gangliosides and sialoglycoproteins. After this treatment, the pattern of ganglioside distribution was severely modified with a decrease of polysialogangliosides (GD1b, GT1b, Gt1L, GQ1) and a dramatic increase in monosialoganglioside GM1. The choline influx into neuraminidase treated cells and organelles was reduced by 30--50% but the efflux was unmodified. In particular the high affinity mechanism of choline uptake disappeared and the low affinity mechanism was modified in both cases. The disappearance of the high affinity uptake mechanism was not followed by a decreased acetylcholine synthesis as it should be if the current theories on choline uptake and acetylcholine synthesis are correct. Our present data thus confirm our previous hypothesis that choline metabolism regulates choline uptake rather than the other way round as is suggested by the theories most widely accepted at present. Choline uptake was unaffected by pretreatment of cells and organelles with tetanus toxin suggesting that the effect of neuraminidase on the choline uptake were either mediated through glycoproteins or through gangliosides other than those which bind to tetanus toxin (GD1b and GT1b). Several speculative models for explaining the effect of neuraminidase on choline uptake are proposed. PMID- 7110506 TI - Differential effect of pentobarbital on chick neurons and astrocytes grown in culture. AB - Primary cultures of neurons and astrocytes prepared from brains of 8-day-old and 15-day-old chick embryos. respectively, were grown for periods between 3 and 23 days. Cellular oxygen consumption was measured at various times in the presence of either pyruvate or succinate as substrate. Neuronal oxygen consumption was significantly higher than glial respiration, irrespective of the substrate employed. Dose-response curves for the effect of pentobarbital on respiratory activity of each cell type were constructed with the two substrates. In the presence of succinate neuronal respiration was more sensitive to pentobarbital than that of glial cells with a shift in the dose-effect curve by at least one order of magnitude. In the presence of pyruvate, glial cell respiration was inhibited at pentobarbital concentrations more than ten times lower than those effective in neurons. It is concluded that the differential sensitivity to pentobarbital between neurons and glia is due to differences in their respective energy metabolism. PMID- 7110507 TI - Inhibition of foot intake in the rat. AB - The effects of single oral administrations of tricyclic antidepressants (imipramine and desipramine), an atypical antidepressant (nomifensine), known anorexic agents, haloperidol, and diazepam on food intake were compared in Sprague-Dawley rats over a 4-day test period. The tricyclic antidepressants produced decreases in food intake during the total 4-day test period following their administration. In contrast, the anorexic agents (d-amphetamine, cocaine, mazindol, fenfluramine and quipazine), and nomifensine, and haloperidol produced decreases in food intake only on their administration. Diazepam produced an increase in food intake only on the day of its decrease food intake, this model appears to show some specificity for tricyclic antidepressants. PMID- 7110508 TI - Accumulation, elimination, release and metabolism of pipecolic acid in the mouse brain following intraventricular injection. AB - Following i.c.v. (intracerebral ventricular) injections of D,L-[3H]pipecolic acid (PA), it is reabsorbed from the ventricles and redistributed to various brain regions. The highest accumulation is found in three brain regions ipsilateral to the injection site, hippocampus, neocortex, striatum, and in the diencephalon. Following preloading in vivo, the radioactivity is released from hippocampus slices in the perfusion medium after depolarization induced by high K+. During perfusion with a Ca++ free medium containing EGTA, a significant reduction of release is observed. The radioactivity of D,L-[3H]PA in the brain shows a more rapid phase of decrease from 0 to 2 hours and a slower phase from 2 to 5 hours. At 5 hours, only 28% radioactivity, represented mainly by PA, is left in the brain. Kidney secretion represents the major route of elimination of the injected PA. The presence of alpha-aminoadipic acid both in brain and urine was observed. Probenecid (200 mg/kg) significantly increases the accumulation of i.c.v. injected D,L-[3H]PA in brain and kidney. The presence of a regional accumulation of PA in certain brain regions, its metabolism in brain, its enhanced retention following probenecid administration and its Ca++ dependent release following high K+ stimulation, all constitute indirect evidence for a neuronal localization of this brain endogenous aminoacid. PMID- 7110509 TI - Phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase from bovine and rat liver: some physical and chemical properties. AB - Phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase was purified from bovine liver using a modification of the procedure developed for the rat liver enzyme (Shiman, R., Gray, D.W., and Pater, A. 1979. J. Biol. Chem. 254: 11300-11306). The enzyme preparation appeared essentially homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under non denaturing conditions. Electrophoresis in the presence of dodecyl sulfate revealed that about 95% of the protein had a mobility corresponding to Mr = 51,000. The remaining 5% was recovered in two minor bands corresponding to Mr of about 35,000 and 15,000 and is likely to result from limited proteolysis of the native enzyme with dissociation of the fragments on denaturation by detergent. The enzyme comigrated with the rat liver enzyme on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in both systems studied. No significant difference was observed between the amino acid composition of the bovine and rat liver enzyme, in the reactivity of their sulfhydryl groups or in their iron content (i.e. 1.5-3.0 iron atoms per peptide chain of Mr = 50,000). Both enzymes contained less than 0.01 copper atom per peptide chain. The enzymes were inhibited in a similar manner by the chelator bathophenanthroline disulfonate (selective for iron and copper), but not by bathocuproine disulfonate (specific for copper). The results indicate that the bovine and rat liver enzymes are closely similar and that iron, but not copper, is essential for enzyme activity. High performance size-exclusion liquid chromatography revealed that both native enzymes exist in different oligomeric forms, but further studies are required to understand the physicochemical basis for this phenomenon. PMID- 7110510 TI - Potentiation of lipid peroxides by ischemia in rat brain. AB - Post-ischemic changes in energy metabolites and natural antioxidant compounds have been measured in rat brain in vitro concurrent with two different assays for peroxidized lipids. No exogenous free radical initiators were employed. In vitro oxygenation of minced brain preparations for periods of 10 minutes to 4 hours, following 5 minutes of preparatory ischemia, yielded increased levels of lipid conjugated dienes and TBA-reactive material, in contrast to anaerobically incubated preparations. However, either aerobic or anaerobic incubation of brain minces facilitated increased ratios of lactate:pyruvate and glutathione (oxidized):glutathione (reduced), as well as increased total ubiquinone content and loss of alpha-tocopherol. Observation of lipid radical formation in vivo was then attempted using rats given embolic stroke in one hemisphere and left in the post-ischemic condition for times up to 24 hours. Conjugated dienes were found in lipids extracted from the ipsilateral hemisphere but not from the contralateral hemisphere. These observations of conjugated dienes in vivo (formed presumably during post-ischemic reperfusion) and in vitro (facilitated by oxygenation of brain minces), indicate that lipid radical intermediates and associated chain peroxidation processes are potentiated by ischemia and occur during tissue reoxygenation. PMID- 7110511 TI - Free amino acid levels in undernourished developing rat brain. AB - Free amino acid levels in the brains of young ones born to mothers fed a 20% protein diet ad libitum (well nourished), 7.5% protein diet ad libitum (protein restricted) and a 20% protein diet in restricted amounts (pair-fed) were investigated during brain development in the present study. The dietary protein was obtained from a cereal-legume mixture. Protein restricted animals showed increases in the levels of taurine, glycine and glutamic acid and decreases in the concentrations of methionine, leucine, isoleucine, and GABA. The pair-fed animal showed increases only in glutamic acid and glycine and a decrease only in the levels of GABA. The significance of these observations is discussed. PMID- 7110514 TI - [Microsurgical technique and anatomical consideration of the tumors in the region of the vein of Galen (author's transl)]. PMID- 7110512 TI - Gangliosides in various brain areas of three inbred strains of mice. AB - The ganglioside patterns of cerebellum, cortex, pons-medulla, hypothalamus, hippocampus and caudate nucleus of three inbred strains of mice (C57BL/6J, DBA/2J and BALB/cJ) have been analysed. All brain areas contained both the simple and complex species of gangliosides. GD1a was the major ganglioside in cortex, hippocampus and caudate nucleus whereas GT1b was the major species in cerebellum, hypothalamus and pons-medulla. In hippocampus, the percentages of GT1b and GD1a were quite similar. Pons and medulla exhibited the highest levels of GM1 (which approaches the value of GT1b) and the lowest values of GD1a. A ganglioside, which was present in highest amounts in cerebellum disappeared after alkali treatment. Highly significant differences were observed in the amounts and patterns of gangliosides among brain areas of the three strains. Highly significant differences (p less than 0.001) were also found in the ganglioside distribution of various brain areas among the strains, especially for tri- and tetrasialogangliosides between Balb and DBA. A significant difference of GM1 was observed in the cerebellum when comparing DBA with the two other strains. It is likely that the differences might be related to their relative abundances in certain cell types and for defining synaptic circuits in brain areas of some strains. PMID- 7110513 TI - Translation of mRNA associated with monosomes and residual polysomes following disaggregation of brain polysomes by LSD and hyperthermia. AB - Intravenous administration of LSD to young adult rabbits induces a transient disaggregation of brain polysomes and a relocalization of mRNA from polysomes to monosomes. To analyze the spectrum of mRNA molecules which were associated with either the residual polysomes or the translationally inactive monosome complex, these two fractions were isolated on sucrose gradients and translated in a reticulocyte cell-free system. Analysis of [35S]methionine labeled translation products by one and two dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed that a full spectrum of mRNA molecules was relocalized from polysomes to monosomes following drug induced polysome disaggregation. The only exception was the mRNA coding for the LSD-induced 74K protein which was associated with the residual polysome fraction and not with the monosome complex. This brain protein is similar in molecular weight to one of the major 'heat shock' proteins which are induced in tissue culture cells following elevation of ambient temperature and disaggregation of existing polysomes. The mRNA coding for the 74K brain protein was not observed in polysomes isolated following blockage of LSD-induced hyperthermia but it was noted when hyperthermia was induced by elevation of ambient temperature. The mRNA species coding for the 74K protein was polyadenylated. PMID- 7110515 TI - [Side effects of metrizamide (Amipaque) cervical myelography (author's transl)]. AB - Thirty-four patients were submitted to the conventional cervical myelography by administration of metrizamide (Amipaque) through three routes (lumbar 23, suboccipital 6, C1-C2 lateral 5). After the injection of metrizamide (4-11 ml, 170-250 mgI/ml), all procedures of the cervical myelography were done as soon as possible within 9 minutes. The adverse reactions of Amipaque were observed in 29 cases (85%) out of 34 cases initially 1 hour after cervical myelography and disappeared completely in an average of 16 hours. The total number of the side effects was 140 incidences such as meningeal irritation (headache 18, nausea 17, vomiting 17), cerebellar signs (dizziness 11, dysarthria 8, tremor 5, bradylalia 2, dysmetria 2, tipsy feeling 2, dysdiadochokinesis 1), autonomic signs (flushing 7, pale face 4, fever 4, sweating 2, hiccup 2, fatigability 2, micturition disturbance 1), sensory signs (exacerbation of numbness 6, perioral numbness 3, back pain 1, chest pain 1), motor signs (focal muscle spasm 5, exacerbation of paresis 4, areflexia 1), psychiatric signs (dysphasia 3, disturbance of consciousness 2, euphoria 1, persecutory delusion 1) and muddiness 7. We observed that waxing and waning of side effects correlated tightly with transient cortical penetration of dye in CT and cortical dysfunction mainly slowing of the background activity and slow wave burst in EEG. According to high frequency of side effects in our study, we suggest that a greater incidence of side effects may result when high concentration of Amipaque comes in contact with the cerebral cortex by using an inadequate fluoroscopic table which has only fixed one plane image and rough positioning control. Slow absorption into blood stream may affect appearance and maintenance of side effects. In order to decrease side effects after Amipaque cervical myelography, we propose that we should introduce a mobile rotating chair coupled with high power image and chose C1-C2 lateral route using 1500-1700mgI of Amipaque. PMID- 7110516 TI - [An autopsy case of moyamoya disease (author's transl)]. AB - An autopsy case of severely progressed "Moya Moya" disease was presented. A 38 year-old male was admitted because of unconsciousness. On examination, he showed spider-like extremities, suggesting Marfan's syndrome. In the past history, he experienced acute rt. hemiparesis at 6 years old and generalized convulsion, lt. hemiparesis and aphasia at 7 years old. After these episodes, he spent an uneventful life until 38 years old, when he was found unconscious in his room by the family. Lt. CAG showed severe stenosis at the siphon of lt. ICA and fine vascular networks in the basal ganglia and many transdural collateral arteries. Three days later, he died and an autopsy was performed. On histological examination, proliferation of the intima, elongated elastica interna and lost of the media were identified in the stenotic arteries. In the vessels of other organs, especially of the heart, proliferated intima and lost of the media were also noticed. From these findings, "Moya Moya" disease was thought to be one of the manifestations of the systemic vascular diseases. The autopsy cases of "Moya Moya" disease in Japan were reviewed. According to the review, most of these autopsy cases died from intracerebral bleeding attack. Recently, EC-IC bypass operations have been performed in order to improve ischemic condition of "Moya Moya" disease. According to the finding of the review, however, the financial efficiency of such by-pass operations for "Moya Moya" disease must be elucidated after long-term follow-up study. PMID- 7110517 TI - [CT findings of skull and intracranial metastatic neuroblastoma--report of 3 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Three cases of neuroblastoma with intracranial metastases were reported. The first case was a 13-year-old girl with sacral neuroblastoma who had metastases to the left parietal bone and dura, and had bilateral intraorbital metastases. The second case was a 13-year-old girl with mediastinal neuroblastoma who had bilateral intraorbital metastases. The third case was a 49-year-old woman with esthesioneuroblastoma which had invaded to the dura at the right middle fossa and the right orbit. CT findings of the brain of these three cases were investigated, and summarized as follows: 1) The intracranial invasions of the metastatic tumors were seen to be slightly high density (EMI-number 25-27) in plain scans, and homogeneously enhanced as a well-defined high density mass (EMI-number 35-37). 2) The tumors invading the skull were observed as a mass lesion of the bone on osteolytic lesion. 3) The intraorbital metastatic tumors were seated on the orbital wall invading the rectal muscles, but they remained extraconal. It was emphasized that CT could give valuable information for the diagnosis of skull and intracranial metastasis of neuroblastoma. PMID- 7110518 TI - [A case of dural AVM during pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - A case of dural AVM manifested during pregnancy was reported. On December 28, 1979, a 28-year-old primipara, suddenly developed headache, nausea and vomiting at the 8th month of her pregnancy and soon after became unconscious. She was transferred by ambulance to our hospital. On admission she was comatose exhibiting decerebrate rigidity. The blood pressure was 126/76 mmHg and the pulse rate 97 per minute and regular. Right pupil was dilated and did not react to light. CT scan revealed a subdural hematoma on the right side and intracerebral hematoma in the right middle fossa. Angiography demonstrated a dural AVM in the right anterior middle fossa fed by the middle meningeal artery. Venous drainage consisted of the superficial sylvian vein directed toward the superior sagittal sinus. The patient was in no good condition, so we only removed subdural hematoma, decompressed externally and ligated the external carotid artery. The postoperative course was uneventful, the anisocoria was diminished, and the consciousness improved up to confusion, but the right hemiparesis remained. Two months later a 2,760g baby girl was born by Caesarean section without accident. But two weeks later, suddenly she had generalized convulsions and became comatose. CT scan revealed an intracerebral hematoma in the middle fossa again. Second operation was performed, and the nidus was electrocoagulated and removed together with the hematoma. The postoperative course was also uneventful. At present, one and a half years after operation, no symptom of recurrence is observed. Intracerebral hemorrhage and dural AVM in pregnancy were discussed and the reports in the literature were reviewed. PMID- 7110519 TI - [A case of interhemispheric subdural hematoma associated with thrombocytopenia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7110520 TI - [A case report of traumatic intracerebral pneumocephalus with interesting CT cisternographic findings (author's transl)]. AB - A 19-year-old boy suffered from headache and intermittent CSF rhinorrhea, was admitted to Matsuyama Shimin Hospital on June 1, 1979. Two months prior to admission he had had a frontal head injury with confusion and the right nasal bleeding. Plain skully x-ray films and biplane (axial & coronal) CT revealed intracerebral pneumocephalus in the right frontal lobe with depressed basal skull fracture into the right ethmoid sinus. Clinical conservative courses of intermittent CSF rhinorrhea, headache and vomiting were related to the changes of the air shadow on plain skull films. Preoperative metrizamide CT Cisternography was done on July 5. Sequential CT cisternograms demonstrated ventricular reflux at 1 hr and partial obstruction of the basal cistern and supratentorial subarachnoid space at 3 hr, which attributed to the mass effect of the air cysts. They also demonstrated an interesting finding, the accumulation of metrizamide into the intracerebral air cyst at 3 hr, suggesting transependymal penetration of contrast medium. At 24 hr, the air cyst decreased in size and the metrizamide disappeared. CT cisternograms 8 months after the surgery showed no evidence of air cyst but remained a low dense porencephalic cyst. Ventricular reflux was seen at 3 and 6 hr but there was no accumulation of metrizamide into the cyst at any hr. Filling patterns of the basal cistern and supratentorial subarachnoid space returned normal except the defect in the anterior interhemispheric cistern. Transependymal penetration of metrizamide in this case can be explained by the mechanism of pressure gradient between the ventricle and the air cyst. Thus the postoperative CT cisternograms showed no penetration because of the absence of pressure gradient, whereas the ventricular reflux and the same ependymal septum still remained. No mention has been made about the CSF flow dynamics in intracerebral pneumocephalus and their relation to the CSF rhinorrhea in previous literature. Intermittent CSF rhinorrhea of this case will attribute to the CSF accumulated in the air cyst as mentioned above. PMID- 7110521 TI - Hypothalamic knife cuts attenuate the pressor responses to angiotensin II. AB - The effects of coronal knife cuts posterior to the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis on pressor responses to intraventricular (i.v.t.) and intravenous (i.v.) angiotensin II (AII), i.v.t. hypertonic NaCl and i.v. norepinephrine were tested in the rat. Drinking responses to i.v.t. AII were also measured. Knife cuts attenuated the blood pressure responses to i.v.t. and i.v. AII, but not to i.v.t. hypertonic NaCl and i.v. norepinephrine. Drinking responses to i.v.t. AII were not reduced. These data indicate that neural pathways which mediate the pressor response to i.v.t. AII pass through this portion of the hypothalamus and are distinct from the neural pathways which mediate drinking to central AII. PMID- 7110522 TI - Hamster prolactin: physiological changes in blood and pituitary concentrations as measured by a homologous radioimmunoassay. AB - A specific and sensitive homologous radioimmunoassay (RIA) for determination of hamster prolactin is described and compared to heterologous hamster prolactin RIA and to the homologous and heterologous RIAs for rat prolactin. With this method, we have determined that, in the golden hamster, diurnal plasma prolactin fluctuations have a mean interpeak interval of 1.5 h, that serum prolactin concentrations are influenced by day length, by ether vapors, by animal's gender, and by refeeding following a fast but not by neurosurgical procedures which increase somatic growth and serum GH concentration in adult hamsters. Variations in day length influenced pituitary prolactin content and concentration, and pituitary removal abolished prolactin secretory responses to ether stress. A heterologous RIA for hamster prolactin which utilizes radioiodinated rat prolactin and rabbit antihamster prolactin serum (RK1-15) represents the most advantageous method for the measurement of hamster prolactin because of its high sensitivity (0.14 ng/ml), high antiserum binding to iodinated rat prolactin, and the ability to measure both hamster and rat prolactin. PMID- 7110523 TI - Influence of brain histaminergic system on episodic growth hormone secretion in the rat. AB - The effects of histamine and amodiaquine (a drug known to inhibit histamine-N methyltransferase) on pulsatile growth hormone (GH) secretion were determined in unanaesthetized male rats. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of histamine (0.01, 0.05, 0.1 mumol/rat) caused a dose-related suppression of spontaneous pulses of rat GH (rGH) secretion. Amodiaquine (0.16 mumol/rat i.c.v.) also inhibited the pulses, but to a lesser degree. The results, which show the inhibitory effects of both exogenous histamine and increased levels of endogenous histamine on pulsatile rGH secretion, support the hypothesis that the histaminergic system also plays a role in physiological CNS control of rGH secretion. PMID- 7110524 TI - Further evidence on dual effects of norepinephrine on LH secretion. AB - To investigate the effects of norepinephrine (NE) on LH secretion, when given into different hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic brain regions, we microinjected 1 microliter of NE in dosages of 10(-4) M concentrations, 10(-6), 10(-8) and 10( 10) M into nine different brain areas in ovariectomized miniature pigs. Microinjections into the dorsal hypothalamus (ADH) and dorsomedial nucleus (DM) had dose-dependent effects. The higher dose of NE (10(-6) M) inhibited and the lower dose of NE (10(-10) M) stimulated LH secretion, when NE was microinjected into the ADH (n = 4 - number of animals). Microinjections into the DM (n = 6) had the opposite effect. Here the lower dose had inhibitory and the higher dose stimulatory effects on plasma LH levels. Microinjections into the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (n = 4) had no significant effect. Microinjections into the stria terminalis (n = 3) and zona incerta (n = 4) were also ineffective. The effect of NE microinjections into the subthalamic nucleus (n = 4) resembled responses to microinjections into the ADH. NE effects in the amygdala were not dose dependent. Microinjections into the basolateral amygdala (n = 5) decreased and microinjections into the corticomedial part of the amygdala (n = 5) increased plasma LH levels in all four doses of NE. The effects of NE microinjected into the hippocampus (n = 3) were not clear cut. These results indicate a dualism of NE on LH secretion. Thus, the predominant notion that NE is largely or even exclusively stimulatory to LH release should be revised. According to the previous findings and the results of the present study it has been concluded that the effects of NE on LH secretion are not only dependent on the hormonal status of the animal, but also to the dose and site of action of NE. PMID- 7110525 TI - Electrophysiological correlates of pulsatile gonadotropin release in rats. AB - In order to reveal the electrophysiological correlates of pulsatile LH release in ovariectomized rats, changes in multiple unit activity (MUA) in the arcuate nucleus (ARC), the medial preoptic area, the ventromedial nucleus, the anterior hypothalamic area and other areas of the brain were recorded in lightly anesthetized female rats. Rats were ovariectomized at least 7 weeks prior to the experiment. 0.1 -ml blood samples were withdrawn from a cardiac catheter at 10 min intervals during the recording in order to measure the changes in the plasma LH concentration by radioimmunoassay. The LH concentration showed pulsatile changes under continuous intravenous infusion of thiopental sodium while cortical EEG was stable throughout the experiment. The firing rate in the middle part of the ARC (8 recordings) changed in parallel with the increase in the plasma LH concentration and was abruptly raised just prior to an increase in LH secretion. The number of MUA spike discharges per minute increased to 1.5-5 times that of the basal level. MUA started to increase 2-9 min prior to the LH rise and the high level of MUA lasted for 1-5 min. The firing rate in the ARC (14 recordings) and in other areas (54 recordings) recorded did not change periodically in parallel with the increase in LH. As these changes in MUA were localized in the ARC and were not reflected in cortical EEG, they might be specific local changes distinguished from generalized systemic effects involving the whole brain. These extreme increases in MUA seem to be due to the high activity either of neurons that secrete LH-RH or those that control the secretion of LH-RH. PMID- 7110526 TI - Lesions of the subfornical organ block angiotensin-induced drinking in the dog. AB - The role of the subfornical organ (SFO) in drinking caused by cellular dehydration and angiotensin was examined in the dog. Drinking responses to intravenous administration of angiotensin and to hypertonic NaCl were compared before and after electrolytic ablation of the SFO. After destruction of the SFO, drinking in response to angiotensin was 0.5 +/- 0.3 ml/kg compared to 11.9 +/- 3.7 ml/kg prior to lesioning. Drinking in response to hypertonic NaCl was not affected by lesioning the SFO (12.6 +/- 6.6 ml/kg before vs. 13.4 +/- 5.4 ml/kg after the lesion). Lesions superior or lateral to the SFO did not affect drinking in response to either angiotensin or hypertonic NaCl. These data show that the SFO is essential for drinking in response to blood-borne angiotensin but not to the stimulus of cellular dehydration in the dog. PMID- 7110527 TI - Topographical distribution of possible glutamatergic pathways from the frontal cortex to the striatum and substantia nigra in rats. AB - The topographical distribution of putative glutamatergic projections from the frontal cortex to the striatum and substantia nigra has been examined by measuring the high-affinity uptake of [14C]glutamate in synaptosomal preparations from rat anterior or posterior striatum and substantia nigra after a series of focal kainic acid lesions of the medial prefrontal cortex. The recorded changes in glutamate uptake suggest that the corticonigral glutamatergic projection arises from the rostral medial prefrontal areas, more caudal cortical areas projecting in turn to the anterior and posterior striatum. PMID- 7110528 TI - On the involvement of GABA in the analgesia produced by baclofen, muscimol and morphine. AB - In the mouse hot-plate test (50 degrees C), muscimol produced analgesia which was blocked by bicuculline but not by picrotoxin. Analgesia produced by baclofen was dose-dependent and stereoselective, but was not blocked by bicuculline, picrotoxin or naloxone. Morphine-induced analgesia was not altered by bicuculline. The inhibitors of GABA-transaminase, amino-oxyacetic acid, gamma acetylenic GABA and gamma-vinyl GABA, produced analgesia which was much more prolonged than that observed with muscimol, baclofen or morphine. The analgesic action of these agents was not significantly altered by bicuculline. At a higher plate temperature (55 degrees C), GABA-transaminase inhibitors produced minimal analgesia but significantly enhanced the analgesic action of baclofen. gamma Vinyl GABA markedly increased both the peak effect and the duration of analgesia but gamma-acetylenic GABA and amino-oxyacetic acid caused smaller increases. In the mouse hot-plate test, bicuculline-sensitive GABA receptors appear to mediate the analgesic action fo muscimol. Analgesia produced by baclofen, morphine and inhibitors of GABA-transaminase may involve another class of GABA receptors which are insensitive to bicuculline. PMID- 7110529 TI - Effects of a new benzodiazepine hypnotic (quazepam--SCH 16134) on EEG synchronization and sleep-inducing mechanisms in cats. AB - The sleep-inducing properties of a new benzodiazepine hypnotic (quazepam--SCH 16134) were evaluated in cats with transection at different levels of the brain stem structure. Effects observed after administration of doses ranging from 0.12 and 1 mg/kg given intravenously were compared with those of pentobarbital. In the encephale isole small doses of quazepam induced or increased the synchronized periods. The desynchronized electroencephalogram (EEG) pattern of midpontine pretrigeminal preparations was not modified by these small doses. Only larger doses induced a fast neocortical activity of high amplitude. In midpontine pretrigeminal hemisection the synchronization occurred exclusively or predominantly in the hemisphere contralateral to the lesion. In the cerveau isole, quazepam did not influence the typical synchronized EEG pattern. The arousal threshold after mesencephalic and physiological stimulation was raised only in encephale isole animals. Pentobarbital provoked sustained synchronization in all preparations with a pattern quite different from that of the benzodiazepine. These results suggest that quazepam may act through facilitation of the EEG-synchronizing mechanisms localized in the lower brain stem which are involved in physiological EEG-synchronizing and sleep-inducing processes. PMID- 7110530 TI - Behavioral and electrophysiological analyses of the effects of 2-o-chlorobenzoyl 4-chloro-n-methyl-n alpha-glycylglycinanilide hydrate (45-0088-S) in the CNS in cats and monkeys. AB - Behavioral and electrophysiological comparative analyses of the effects of 2-o chlorobenzoyl-4-chloro-N-methyl-N alpha-glycylglycinanilide hydrate (45-0088-S) and diazepam on the CNS were performed with cats and monkeys. No essential difference between 45-0088-S and diazepam on the effects in the CNS was observed, although the "taming" effect in wild cats and the hypnotic effect in monkeys caused by 45-0088-S were stronger than those of diazepam. The sleep-wakefulness cycles in both cats and monkeys were modified by 45-0088-S. The activity of the reticular formation, hypothalamus and amygdala in cats was inhibited by 45-0088-S and by diazepam. PMID- 7110531 TI - Effects of acute intravenous administration of met-enkephalin in the rabbit: a computer analysis. AB - Intravenous administration of doses of Met-enkephalin ranging from 33.3 to 5000 micrograms/kg was followed by modifications in the EEG pattern in the rabbit. The changes were a prevalence of strongly synchronized EEG patterns, lasting about 90 min, in the absence of any behavioural sign of drowsiness. A transient fall in arterial blood pressure, lasting 15 sec, was observed immediately following the injection. Quantification of the EEG effects showed a remarkable increase of EEG total power. Such an increase is statistically significant. It was less marked in the posterior leads and appeared to be dose-related as regards its intensity, duration, and latency from injection. Qualitatively such a spectral profile matches the one typical of physiological drowsiness. As regards EEG effects, no tolerance to the peptide developed if the administration was repeated after 90 min. The specific antagonist of opiates both prevented and reversed the hypersynchronization of the tracing. These findings demonstrate that Met enkephalin crosses the blood-brain barrier in an amount adequate to producing changes in the functional organization of the brain, resulting in EEG patterns corresponding to functional depression. PMID- 7110532 TI - Metoclopramide mimics a D-1 type of dopamine action in rabbit superior cervical ganglion. AB - Metoclopramide (MCP) in a sufficiently high concentration (100 microM) induced a large and persisting potentiation of slow-excitatory postsynaptic potentials (s epsp) and slow-inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (s-epsp) but depressed in fast epsp. This modulatory action of metoclopramide was markedly suppressed by (+) butaclamol (7 microM) and, to a lesser extent, by spiroperidol (2.5-4 microM). Metoclopramide also possessed weak anti-acetylcholinesterase activity(I50% = 245 microM; measured by Dr N. Inestrosa), but this was shown not to account for the potentiating actions of metoclopramide. Thus, although metoclopramide is a D-2 antagonist, it appears to mimic the D-1 action of dopamine in modulating the slow psps. PMID- 7110533 TI - Further studies on the long-term depletion of striatal dopamine in iprindole treated rats by amphetamine. AB - (+) Amphetamine was more potent (-) amphetamine in causing persistent depletion of striatal dopamine in iprindole-treated rats. This effect of amphetamine was not mimicked by EXP561, a structurally related compound that is more potent than amphetamine as an inhibitor of dopamine uptake. The depletion of striatal dopamine at 1 week after amphetamine injection in iprindole-treated rats was prevented by amfonelic acid, an inhibitor of uptake into dopamine neurons. The depletion of dopamine by amphetamine was prevented when amfonelic acid was given at the same time as amphetamine or as long as 4 hr after amphetamine but not when amfonelic acid was given 24-48 hr after amphetamine. Amfonelic acid antagonized the depletion of dopamine by amphetamine but not the depletion of serotonin by p chloroamphetamine; fluoxetine antagonized the depletion of serotonin by p chloroamphetamine but not the depletion of dopamine by amphetamine. Pretreatment with alpha-methyl-tyrosine to block dopamine synthesis antagonized the persistent depletion of dopamine by amphetamine, but pretreatment with an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase to increase that dopamine concentration had no effect. The possibility that prolonged release of dopamine from intraneuronal storage granules leads to deleterious effects on dopamine neurons is discussed. PMID- 7110534 TI - Cholinergic-independent effects of amphetamine on mammalian skeletal muscle contractions. AB - Studies were designed to investigated the cholinergic-independent mechanism(s) by which (+)-amphetamine produces a biphasic modification of directly stimulated contractions of skeletal muscle in the rat phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation. In tissues pretreated with alpha-bungarotoxin, low concentrations of (+) amphetamine (2.7-1.08 x 10(-4) M) enhanced muscle blockade. In other studies (Gerald, Meldrum and Skau, Res. Commun, chem. Path. Pharmac., 1982), high K+ concentrations or low Na+ concentrations antagonized amphetamine-enhancement of the twitch, while potentiating the blockade; in contrast K+-free media augmented amphetamine-induced enhancement of contractions. Low concentrations of amantadine, tetracaine, and tetrodotoxin increased the facilitatory response to (+)-amphetamine while the inhibitory effects of (+)-amphetamine were potentiated by higher concentrations of these antagonists; similar biphasic effects were observed with (-)-amphetamine and tetracaine. (+)-Amphetamine reserved the marked enhancement of the twitch produced by veratridine while, conversely, this neurotoxin failed to alter muscle contractions after (+)-amphetamine pretreatment. These findings suggest that amphetamine-induced enhancement and blockade of directly-stimulated skeletal muscle resulted from alterations in Na+ fluxes, possibly through interactions with membrane ionic channels. PMID- 7110535 TI - Selective attenuation of passive avoidance behaviour by microinjection of beta LPH62-77 and beta-LPH66-77 into the nucleus accumbens in rats. AB - Various fragments of beta-lipotropin were micro-injected into the nucleus accumbens of free-moving rats and the effects on one-trial passive avoidance behaviour were studied. The following peptides were used: beta-endorphin (beta LPH61-91), met-enkephalin (beta-LPH61-65), des-tyrosine-gamma-endorphin (DT gamma E, beta-LPH62-77), des-enkephalin-gamma-endorphin (DE gamma E, beta-LPH66-77), des-tyrosine-alpha-endorphin (DT alpha E, beta-LPH 62-76) and beta-LPH47-53(ACTH4 10). The gamma-type endorphins (DT gamma E and DE gamma E) were the only peptides which significantly attenuated passive avoidance behaviour when given in a 20 pg dose 1 hr before the 24-hr retention test. All the other peptides were ineffective. Microinjection of DT gamma E into the dentate gyrus of the dorsal hippocampus, on the other hand, was without effect on passive avoidance. The accumbens nucleus, therefore, is a preferential highly sensitive brain site for gamma-type endorphins. The attenuation of passive avoidance behaviour following systemic administration of these peptides might be the result of an interaction with this mesolimbic structure. PMID- 7110536 TI - Does homocarnosine mediate the dyskinetic movements induced by gaba-transaminase inhibitors. AB - Unilateral application of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) antagonists on the motor cortex of conscious rats produces myoclonic movements. Paradoxically, the same behaviour can be observed with high concentrations of some GABA-transaminase (GABA-T) inhibitors. Since the GABA conjugate homocarnosine is increased in the brain following GABA-T inhibition and since homocarnosine is known to displace [3H]-GABA from its binding sites at high concentration, we investigated whether homocarnosine might explain the dyskinetic movements produced by these GABA-T inhibitors. We found that homocarnosine produces dyskinesia similar to that observed with GABA antagonists and GABA-T inhibitors when applied directly to the cortex. However, this property of homocarnosine is unlikely to be the basis of the dyskinetic effect of GABA-T inhibitors since we found no relationship between brain homocarnosine levels and the appearance of abnormal movements following GABA-T inhibition. PMID- 7110538 TI - Potentiation of barbiturate- and halothane-induced hypnosis after probenecid or sulfinpyrazone pretreatment. AB - The uricosuric agent, probenecid, when administered prior to systemic administration of pentobarbital led to a decreased latency, to loss of righting reflex and to a potentiation of the duration of hypnosis. This potentiation was dose-related and doses of probenecid below 50 mg/kg (i.p.) were without effect. Pretreatment of rats with sulfinpyrazone, another uricosuric agent, yielded similar results. Pretreatment of animals with probenecid shortened the latency to onset of hypnosis induced by halothane (i.p.) and increased the duration of loss of righting reflex, 3-fold. Both sulfinpyrazone and probenecid, administered prior to 1.0% inhalation halothane exposure, shortened the latency to onset of hypnosis in doses as small as 10 mg/kg, much less than the doses required to affect significantly pentobarbital-induced hypnosis. The results, as yet, do not indicate a plausible mechanism of action, but do expose a potentially useful drug interaction which may be of clinical use. PMID- 7110537 TI - An investigation of the relationship between the dopaminergic and electroencephalographic effects of gamma-butyrolactone. AB - An investigation was made into the relationship between dopaminergic and EEG effects of gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) by comparing time-course and dose-response studies of these two actions of gamma-butyrolactone in rats implanted with permanent cortical electrodes. Dopaminergic effects were assessed by the changes induced by gamma-butyrolactone in the concentration of dopamine and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in the striatum and cortex. In addition, the effects of anticonvulsant drugs, known to overcome the EEG effects of gamma butyrolactone, were assessed against the dopaminergic actions of this drug. The EEG changes induced by gamma-butyrolactone occurred with smaller doses, had an earlier onset and lasted longer than the elevation in striatal dopamine and DOPAC concentration induced by gamma-butyrolactone. There were marked sequential changes in EEG and behavior in the face of normal dopamine and DOPAC concentrations in animals given 200 mg/kg of gamma-butyrolactone. The anticonvulsants, ethosuximide and trimethadione, which abolish or attenuate seizure activity induced by gamma-butyrolactone, were effective in aborting or decreasing the rise in striatal dopamine concentration produced by gamma butyrolactone. However, sodium valproate, also known to abolish or attenuate the EEG effects of gamma-butyrolactone exacerbated the dopamine effects of this compound. The elevation in dopamine produced by gamma-butyrolactone does not seem to be responsible for the EEG or behavioral effects seen with this substance. PMID- 7110539 TI - Distribution of met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 in various tissues of rats and guinea pigs. AB - A specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay coupled with gel filtration and HPLC was used to demonstrate the presence and to measure MEAP content in stomach, doudenum, ileum, myenteric plexus, colon, heart, lung, pancreas, liver, adrenal and superior cervical sympathetic ganglia of rat and guinea pig. The highest content was found in various parts of intestine, lung and superior cervical sympathetic ganglia, pancreas and liver were practically devoid of immunoreactivity. In these tissues we found that the distribution of MEAP is not parallel to that of metenkephalin (ME). Our assay excludes interferences by high molecular weight MEAP-like peptides, the cardioexcitatory tetrapeptide (Phe-Met Arg-Phe NH2) and the correspondent acid Phe-Met-Arg-Phe. PMID- 7110540 TI - Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) after head injury. AB - The authors report a review of 1808 patients admitted for the treatment of craniocerebral injuries. Eighty-four (4.6%) developed the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Two types of SIADH (severe and mild) were defined on the basis of laboratory findings and clinical signs. SIADH occurred in 0.6% of the patients with mild head injury, 10.6% of those with moderate head injury, and 4.7% of the patients with severe head injury. Regular measurements of serum electrolytes, osmolality, and urinary sodium depletion should be made during the treatment of patients suffering from head trauma because unexpected clinical deterioration may often have a reversible cause: SIADH. PMID- 7110541 TI - Intracerebral hematoma after evacuation of chronic extracerebral fluid collections. AB - Among 140 cases of chronic extracerebral fluid collections treated surgically, 7 cases (5%) of intracerebral hematoma occurring immediately after drainage were encountered. In none of the patients was a preoperative intracerebral clot or contusion identified by either computed tomographic scan or angiography. One patient had pre-existing systemic hypertension. Five of the patients had chronic subdural hematomas, 1 had a subdural hygroma and had been previously radiated for medulloblastoma, and 1 patient had a middle fossa arachnoid cyst. Four of the group had had craniotomies and three had undergone trephination for the primary lesion. The postoperative intracerebral hematomas were manifest by rapid deterioration of consciousness and focal neurological findings occurring usually immediately (but, in 2 cases, a few days after) the original procedure. Five patients underwent secondary craniotomy and 2 had external drainage. Despite rapid treatment, 2 of the patients died, 4 were left with severe disability, and only 1 survived intact. None of the patients had identifiable coagulopathy, and only 1 patient was hypertensive in the immediate postoperative period. The factors that all of the patients had in common were preoperative increased intracranial pressure and shift of the midline structures, as well as rapid surgical decompression of the initial lesion. Possible pathogenic mechanisms include hemorrhage into previously undetected areas of contusion, a sudden increase in cerebral blood flow combined with faulty autoregulation, and damage to parenchymal vessels secondary to rapid intra- or postoperative shift of the intracranial contents. Perhaps this devastating complication can be avoided if closed system drainage is used for the treatment of chronic surface collections. PMID- 7110542 TI - Intrauterine depressed skull fractures of the newborn. AB - Intrauterine depressed skull fractures are reported only occasionally. In reviewing the literature it seems clear that pressure of the fetal head against the maternal bony structures, mainly the sacral promontory, accounts for most of the so-called "spontaneous" congenital depressed skull fractures. Rather than true fractures, they are focal congenital moulding depressions. On the other hand, trauma to the mother's abdomen and traumatic delivery are accepted pathological mechanisms for such lesions; most commonly they are ascribed to inexpert application of the forceps blades or undue force by the obstetrician at the time of birth. In some cases, however, uncomplicated spontaneous vaginal or cesarean section deliveries have surprisingly and unexpectedly yielded infants with depressed skull fractures. Three such cases are reported, and the literature is reviewed. PMID- 7110543 TI - Subtemporal craniectomy and elevation of shunt valve opening pressure in the management of small ventricle-induced cerebrospinal fluid shunt dysfunction. AB - Fourteen children with repeated transient or sustained cerebrospinal fluid shunt dysfunction and with markedly increased intracranial pressure are presented. In all cases, the lateral ventricles had become very small soon after the insertion of a shunt valve that opened at a low pressure, but symptoms of shunt dysfunction did not occur until 6 months to 12 years later. The raised intracranial pressure was treated by subtemporal craniectomy alone (12 patients) or in combination with elevation of the shunt valve opening pressure (2 patients). Subtemporal craniectomy alone was sufficient to alleviate moderately increased intracranial pressure, but both methods were required when the pressure rise was severe. The high intracranial pressure is accompanied by impairment of the drainage of ventricular fluid, which is caused by collapse of the walls of the lateral ventricles around the proximal shunt catheter. But the sequence of events that leads to the severe rises in intracranial pressure characteristic of this syndrome is poorly understood. The possibility that an inflammation-mediated brain swelling arising from mild systemic infections might further compromise already small ventricles and precipitate shunt dysfunction is suggested. PMID- 7110544 TI - Angiographically cryptic histologically verified cerebrovascular malformations. PMID- 7110545 TI - Limitations of high dose intra-arterial 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) chemotherapy for malignant gliomas. PMID- 7110546 TI - Morphological study of human epileptic dendrites. AB - We studied 14 human epileptogenic foci with light and electron microscopy to establish their morphological patterns. Using silver staining techniques, we found dendritic areas devoid of spines, dendritic angulations, and nodular or segmentary dendritic swellings. When these findings were compared with the morphology of nonepileptic cortex, only the existence of dendritic swellings in the epileptic tissue was significant. Electron microscopy showed that the nodular dendritic swellings were due to an alteration in the normal arrangement of the microtubules. We hypothesize that an alteration in the microtubular arrangement causes a mechanical distortion of the dendritic membrane and subsequently may cause its depolarization. PMID- 7110547 TI - Telencephalic theory of generalized epilepsy: observations in split-brain patients. AB - The anatomical structures involved in the origin and spread of generalized seizures in humans have not been fully elucidated. Cortical, centrencephalic, and corticoreticular theories have been proposed to explain the clinical and electroencephalographic findings in patients with primary, generalized epilepsy or secondarily generalized seizures. Our observations in patients undergoing forebrain commissurotomy for intractable, generalized seizures lead us to propose a telencephalic theory of generalized epilepsy. This theory stresses the importance of the cerebral cortex as the site of origin of seizure discharge and the function of the forebrain commissures in the rapid propagation and bilateral synchronization of such discharge. These observations plus a review of the data generated from animal models of epilepsy are presented as evidence for such a theory. Although none of our patients had classical petit mal epilepsy, our findings suggest a secondary role of the brain stem reticular formation in generalized seizures and may be cogent to the discussion of primary, generalized epilepsy. PMID- 7110548 TI - Experimental acute hepatic encephalopathy: relationship of pathological cerebral vasodilation to increased intracranial pressure. AB - In clinical reports of encephalopathy and pediatric trauma, acute brain swelling has been postulated to be secondary to vasodilation of the cerebrovascular bed. Eight adult cats were studied to determine whether such pathological vasodilation was present in an experimental model of hepatic encephalopathy. All animals were anesthetized, ventilated, and monitored for intracranial pressure (ICP), arterial pressure, heart rate, arterial blood gases, temperature, and blood ammonia content. The regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured at three cortical sites by the hydrogen clearance technique. The intravenous infusion of ammonium acetate was used to produce blood ammonia levels comparable to those observed in severe Reye's syndrome. All experimental animals showed a significant increase in ICP as well as rCBF to a mean of 79.5 +/- 7.3 ml/100 g/minute. This represents a mean increase in %rCBF to 252% of control. The mean calculated cerebrovascular resistance (CVR) was noted to fall to 55 +/- 4.7% of control CVR values (p less than 0.001). This relative vasodilation was diffuse with no significant difference between hemispheres or lobes studied. Such a vasodilation, as shown by a marked fall in the resistance of the cerebrovascular bed, is a pathological response in light of the rising ICP. This suggests that pathological cerebral vasodilation may be an important cause of increased ICP in the brain suffering an acute generalized insult. PMID- 7110549 TI - Pituitary adenoma presenting as facial pain: report of two cases and review of the literature. PMID- 7110550 TI - Spinal epidural meningioma in childhood: a case report. PMID- 7110551 TI - Salaam fracture of the dorsum sellae. PMID- 7110552 TI - Bilateral traumatic thrombosis of the internal carotid arteries in the neck: a case report with review of the literature. PMID- 7110553 TI - Gastric perforation by a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. PMID- 7110554 TI - Cerebritis masquerading as brain abscess: case report. PMID- 7110555 TI - Brain abscess as a complication of halo fixation. PMID- 7110556 TI - Evoked potential changes produced by positioning for retromastoid craniectomy. AB - Reversible changes in brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) occurred in a patient with hemifacial spasm when she was positioned for retromastoid craniectomy. The peak latencies increased and the amplitudes decreased. These alterations persisted for 3 hours, but returned immediately toward normal when the head was removed from pin fixation and the neck was returned to a neutral position. Similar BAEP changes were documented during a second procedure. Audiograms were normal pre- and postoperatively, although minimal BAEP changes were seen after operation. Our observation sheds light on possible mechanisms of intraoperative BAEP alteration and provides new information about the degree and duration of intraoperative BAEP distortion that can be tolerated in at least some cases without permanent neurological sequelae. PMID- 7110558 TI - Professional liability insurance as a requirement for medical staff privileges. PMID- 7110557 TI - Pure neural tuberculoid leprosy simulating a peripheral nerve tumor. PMID- 7110559 TI - "Circulatory changes caused by a closed, negative pressure drainage system after craniotomy." Neurosurgery 9: 380-2, 1981. PMID- 7110560 TI - Circulatory effects of intravenous administration of human serum albumin during occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. PMID- 7110561 TI - Specific estradiol binding in meningiomas. PMID- 7110562 TI - Correlation of clinical and angiographic findings in brain ischemia with regional cerebral blood flow measured by the xenon inhalation technique. AB - Eighty-eight patients with brain ischemia underwent cerebral angiography and measurement of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) after 133Xe inhalation. A fast compartment flow rate and an initial slope index were computed for each detector and for each hemisphere. The clinical presentation, angiographic findings, and rCBF results were then examined for significant correlations. Patients with hemispheric infarction most frequently showed bilateral diffusely decreased rCBF. In patients with transient ischemic attacks, no specific pattern emerged. Patients with unilateral internal carotid artery occlusion frequently hd bilateral diffusely decreased rCBF. Patients with severe internal carotid artery stenosis were more likely to show decreased rCBF than were patients with mild or moderate stenosis. The initial slope index seemed to be a more sensitive indicator of brain ischemia than the fast compartment flow rate. The possible pathophysiological significance and relationship to patient management of the various rCBF patterns are discussed. PMID- 7110563 TI - Post-traumatic spinal epidural hematoma. AB - Five patients with vertebral fracture and spinal epidural hematoma (SEH) are described. Another 58-year-old man developed a post-traumatic SEH without bony damage. From the literature, 38 patients (31 male, 4 female, and 3 unknown) were collected. Ankylosing spondylitis or rheumatoid arthritis was noted in 9 of 12 subjects between 50 and 75 years of age. Two groups of patients were identified: Group 1--16 patients with spinal fracture (aged 23 to 63 years), and Group 2--22 patients without spinal fracture (the age was less than 18 years in 12 subjects). In Group 2, a coagulation defect or spinal epidural vascular malformation resulted in a SEH in 6 patients. The preoperative myelopathy was complete in 3 patients each from Group 1 (23.1%) and Group 2 (16.7%). Of the 31 patients operated upon, 9 of the 13 from Group 1 (69.3%) and 6 of the 18 from Group 2 (33.3%) underwent laminectomy within 1 week after the onset of symptoms. Postoperative neurological return was observed in 38.5% (5 of 13) and 88.9% (16 of 18) of these two groups of patients, respectively. Post-traumatic SEHs, predominant in the male population, are often associated with vertebral disease in elderly patients. In the very young patient, there is usually no fracture/dislocation of the spine. A predisposing lesion may be present when spinal fracture is not evident. The prognosis after surgical intervention is better in patients without spinal fracture than in those with vertebral damage, probably because of less contusion to the spinal cord and the presence of very young subjects in the former group of patients. PMID- 7110564 TI - Symptomatic large parietal foramina. AB - A mother and her two children with large parietal foramina were studied with plain roentgenograms and computed tomography. The mother's comments convinced us that the bilateral defects in the children evolved from a single midline opening via median ossification. The children had recurrent bouts of unexplained headaches and vomiting. Gentle pressure over the defects and combining of the overlying hair produced local pain and violent headaches in all three patients. These characteristic symptoms as well as other clinical problems associated with this anomaly are discussed. PMID- 7110565 TI - Neurofibroma of the infratemporal fossa: case report and technical note. PMID- 7110566 TI - Supratentorial subarachnoid epithelial cyst: case report and ultrastructural study. AB - Supratentorial epithelial cysts are rare entities that have evoked controversy regarding their pathogenesis. Recent ultrastructural studies have failed to resolve this controversy. We present a case report and an ultrastructural study of such a cyst. The cyst wall was lined by columnar epithelial cells with prominent cilia and microvilli at their apical surface. They were joined by well developed junctional complexes and contained abundant intracytoplasmic, electron dense, granular material, some of which was membrane-bound. These ultrastructural findings suggest that epithelial cysts are derived from elements of the embryological tela choroidea. PMID- 7110567 TI - Central nervous system involvement in the nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome: case report and review of the literature. PMID- 7110568 TI - Melanotic schwannoma of the spinal cord. PMID- 7110569 TI - Simple decompression and occasional microsurgical epineurolysis under local anesthesia as treatment for ulnar neuropathy at the elbow. AB - Decompression of the ulnar nerve in the cubital tunnel will reverse ulnar neuropathy at the elbow in most patients. We believe that operating under local anesthesia has allowed us to identify those few patients who will not respond to simple decompressive surgery. Among the 20 cases of ulnar neuropathy managed in this fashion, intraoperative motor-sensory improvement occurred after simple decompressive surgery in 16. Four patients who failed to improve after cubital tunnel decompression underwent microsurgical epineurolysis immediately thereafter, under the same local anesthetic, with prompt improvement. Local anesthesia and microsurgical epineurolysis seem to be useful adjuncts to simple decompressive surgery for ulnar neuropathy. PMID- 7110570 TI - Symptomatic congenital spinal stenosis in a child. AB - A case of congenital lumbar stenosis producing lower extremity spasticity and bladder dysfunction in a young child is presented. Myelography demonstrated a marked stenosis of the spinal canal at L-2, L-3, and decompressive laminectomy resulted in a marked improvement in symptoms. A discussion of lumbar stenosis in general illustrates that is is extremely rare for this condition to become symptomatic during childhood. The literature on congenital lumbar stenosis is reviewed. PMID- 7110571 TI - Monitoring of cortical somatosensory evoked potentials to determine the safety of sacrificing the anterior cerebral artery. AB - Cortical somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) reflect the functional integrity of somatosensory pathways from the site of stimulation to the primary somatosensory cortex. We used intraoperative monitoring of cortical SSEPs to determine whether the right anterior cerebral artery (RACA), the major feeding vessel of a large arteriovenous malformation (AVM), could be sacrificed without compromising sensorimotor function in the left lower extremity. The SSEPs recorded after test occlusion of the RACA showed preservation of the initial cortical positivity, and the RACA was divided. The AVM was excised completely, and the patient suffered no neurological deficit. PMID- 7110572 TI - Recurrent intracranial hypertension and a midbrain glioma. AB - At the age of 36, this patient's clinical picture satisfied the criteria for the diagnosis of benign intracranial hypertension. After an essentially symptom-free interval, she developed new symptoms 17 years later that proved to be the result of a associated with glial-lined cavities in the midbrain and malignant glioma in the splenium. The possibility of a relationship between these disparate events is considered. PMID- 7110573 TI - Three-dimensional computer reconstructions of brain lesions from surface contours provided by computed tomography: a prospectus. AB - We present a prospectus on the use of computer graphics for the three-dimensional reconstruction and visualization of brain lesions from computed tomographic head examinations, including an algorithm that utilizes surface contour information to reconstruct and display three-dimensional anatomical sites. We provide examples of the use of this algorithm. We offer an algorithm for estimation of the volume and surface area of anatomical sites. The advantages and disadvantages for the clinical use of these algorithms are discussed. PMID- 7110574 TI - Perspectives in international neurosurgery: neurosurgery in Belgium. PMID- 7110575 TI - Contributions of engineering to the neurological sciences. AB - Engineering technology has made several important contributions to the basic and clinical neurological sciences. However, technology has been criticized for dehumanizing patient care and for escalating the cost of medical care. We review several areas where engineering technology has advanced neuroscientific knowledge and improved the care of neurologically ill and impaired and also areas where significant contributions may be expected. Some of the problems of technological innovation such as cost, equipment failure, and standardization are discussed. The importance of focusing on ethical issues raised by technological progress is pointed out. Some suggestions are made for furthering the applications of technology to the neurological sciences. PMID- 7110576 TI - The neurosurgeon: what he really does. PMID- 7110577 TI - Selecting a residency training program in neurological surgery: some observations on certain nonquantifiable data. PMID- 7110578 TI - Residency Review Committee for Neurological Surgery. PMID- 7110579 TI - The American Board of Neurological Surgery. PMID- 7110580 TI - Neurosurgery residency programs in Canada. PMID- 7110581 TI - Residency programs in neurological surgery United States and Canada. PMID- 7110582 TI - Mind-brain reduction: new light from the philosophy of science. AB - The discussion of the reduction of mental states to brain states is placed in the broader context of reduction in other scientific disciplines such as chemistry, physics and biology. This is important in achieving a perspective on what sort of business reduction is and in seeing that reductions are primarily transitions between theories and only derivatively relations between phenomena. It also reveals that though reducing theories sometimes absorb the old theory as largely correct, more often the old theory is substantially modified and revised and sometimes it is replaced outright. How much of the old theory survives in the reducing theory depends on its empirical integrity and whether its basic categories are empirically sound. The reduction of psychology to neuroscience is considered in this light and it is suggested that psychology may be substantially revised or even replaced by a reduction to neuroscience. PMID- 7110583 TI - The distribution of lateral funicular and cortical fibers to the dorsal column, Z and X nuclei in the prosimian Galago. AB - The distribution of lateral funicular and cerebral corticofugal fibers to the dorsal column, Z and X nuclei were studied in the prosimian primate Galago senegalensis. Lesions of the lateral funiculus resulted in a differential distribution pattern of preterminal degeneration within the nuclei studied. In the nucleus gracilis, spinal lesions produced moderate amounts of debris in ventral cell nest and rostral areas. Diffuse degeneration was present in both the dorsal cell nest area of the nucleus gracilis and the rostral nucleus cuneatus. Extremely dense debris was present within both ipsilateral Z and X nuclei. Cortical ablations of predominantly hind-limb motor-sensory areas resulted in degeneration throughout most of the longitudinal and transverse extent of the contralateral dorsal column nuclei. Degeneration appeared to be more concentrated in ventral nuclear areas. The distribution of cortical fibers to the rostral gracile and Z nuclei was essentially the inverse of that observed for lateral funicular fibers. The contralateral nucleus Z received only a sparse corticobulbar input while the rostral gracile contained more moderate amounts of preterminal degeneration. The results are in agreement with previous reports on the morphology and fiber connections of the dorsal column, Z and X nuclei in Galago and other animals. They support the concept that the Z and X nuclei are functional components of the dorsal column nuclear system. PMID- 7110584 TI - Vertically oriented alternating acetylcholinesterase rich and poor territories in laminae VI, VII, VIII of the lumbosacral cord of the rat. AB - The pharmaco-histochemical method for the demonstration of acetylcholinesterase has been applied to study the spinal cord of the rat. Twenty rats were treated with di-isopropylphosphofluoridate at various time intervals before death and their lumbosacral cord sectioned in either the sagittal, horizontal or transverse plane. Under such conditions, the acetylcholinesterase activity of the neuropile which normally masks many neurons is minimal. The distribution of acetylcholinesterase-containing neurons corresponds to that described previously by various authors, but now the acetylcholinesterase-containing perikarya and their processes may be visualized to a degree not previously attained. This aspect of the technique has allowed us to observe very clearly some features of the internal organization of the spinal cord at the lumbosacral level. The original finding of the present work is the disclosure of alternating bands of dark and light acetylcholinesterase activity at the level of the intermediate grey (laminae VI, VII and VIII) along the rostrocaudal extent of the lumbosacral segments of the rat spinal cord. Dendritic bundling extending over long distances has also been observed at different sites in the ventral horn and in the intermediolateral cell column. PMID- 7110585 TI - Acetylcholinesterase in neural tube defects: a model using chick embryo amniotic fluid. AB - Acetylcholinesterase was measured in amniotic fluid from normal chick embryos and embryos with neural tube defects. Neural tube defects were induced in the chick embryos by three procedures, removal of albumen, mechanical disruption of the closed neural tube or injection of tetanus toxin. The concentration of acetylcholinesterase in amniotic fluid from untreated normal embryos changed throughout the period examined (5-14 days incubation) but was stable at 0.5 U1( 1) over the time period 6-11 days. Amniotic fluid taken from treated embryos with neural tube defects at 8 days always contained a higher concentration of acetylcholinesterase than fluid from sham operated but otherwise normal embryos, mean 40.9 U1(-1), S.E.M. = 10. U1(-1), versus 1.0 U1(-1), S.E.M. = 0.2 U1(-1). The range of values (6.1-393 U1(-1)) was clearly separated from the normal values, range 0.0-5.5 U1(-1). In 13 cases with developmental abnormalities other than neural tube defects, the concentration of acetylcholinesterase was elevated in only one. Two different forms of acetylcholinesterase, as shown by gel electrophoresis, were present in fluid form both normal and defective embryos. These forms were also present in blood plasma, cerebrospinal fluid and in the high speed supernatant from brain extracts, the latter tissue contained an additional form of greater electrophoretic mobility. After irreversible inhibition, enzyme activity in amniotic fluid recovered slowly; only half the control value was reached by 140 h compared with complete recovery in the tissues of the embryo within 19 h. Histochemical staining for acetylcholinesterase showed that the spinal cord in the region of the lesion contained high concentrations of the enzyme. The possible sources of acetylcholinesterase in amniotic fluid are discussed. This chicken model of neural tube defects provides support for the use of acetylcholinesterase tests in the detection of neural tube defects clinically, and provides a model for experimentation with this system. PMID- 7110586 TI - Simulation of intrinsic bursting in CA3 hippocampal neurons. AB - Dendritic recordings from hippocampal pyramidal cells suggest that bursts of action potentials--riding on a depolarizing wave and terminating in a slow calcium-mediated spike--can be generated locally in the dendrites, as well as at the soma. These data necessitated revision of our earlier model in which bursts at the soma are generated by interaction of two spatially separated conductance systems--a fast-spike sodium mechanism at the soma and a slow-spike calcium mechanism on the apical dendrite. We have introduced into a model of the CA3 hippocampal neuron two experimentally testable concepts: voltage-dependent inactivation of Ik and partial inactivation of ICa by Ca2+ ion. With these mechanisms, the model accurately reproduces bursts generated in either soma or in the apical dendrites by sets of conductances all located in the same respective membrane region. The model is also capable of bursting repetitively in response to continuous stimulation. PMID- 7110587 TI - Afferent connections of dorsal and ventral agranular insular cortex in the hamster Mesocricetus auratus. AB - The agranular insular cortex is transitional in location and structure between the ventrally adjacent olfactory allocortex primutivus and dorsally adjacent sensory-motor isocortex. Its ventral anterior division receives major afferent projections from olfactory areas of the limbic system (posterior primary olfactory cortex, posterolateral cortical amygdaloid nucleus and lateral entorhinal cortex) while its dorsal anterior division does so from non-olfactory limbic areas (lateral and basolateral amygdaloid nuclei). The medial segment of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus projects to both the ventral and dorsal divisions of the agranular insular cortex, to the former from its anterior portion and to the latter from its posterior portion. Other thalamic inputs to the two divisions arise from the gelatinosus, central medial, rhomboid and parafascicular nuclei. The dorsal division, but not the ventral division, receives input from neurons in the lateral hypothalamus and posterior hypothalamus. The medial frontal cortex projects topographically and bilaterally upon both ventral and dorsal anterior insular cortex, to the former from the ventrally located medial orbital and infralimbic areas, to the latter from the dorsally-located anterior cingulate and medial precentral areas, and to both from the intermediately located prelimbic area. Similarly, the ipsilateral posterior agranular insular cortex and perirhinal cortex project in a topographic manner upon the two divisions of the agranular insular cortex. Commissural input to both divisions originates from pyramidal neurons in the respective contralateral homotopical cortical area. In each case, pyramidal neurons in layer V contribute 90% of this projection and 10% arises from layer III pyramidals. In the brainstem, the dorsal raphe nucleus projects to the ventral and dorsal divisions of the agranular insular cortex and the parabrachial nucleus projects to the dorsal division. Based on their cytoarchitecture, pattern of afferent connections and known functional properties, we consider the ventral and dorsal divisions of the agranular insular cortex to be, respectively, periallocortical and proisocortical portions of the limbic cortex. PMID- 7110588 TI - Evidence for central reorganization of ventilatory chemoreflex pathways in the cat during regeneration of visceral afferents in the carotid sinus nerve. PMID- 7110589 TI - The development of immunoreactivity for neuron-specific enolase of preoptic and septal neurons in dissociated cultures. AB - The immunocytochemical visualization of neuron-specific enolase, which is a marker protein for differentiated neurons, was applied to follow the differentiation of preoptic and septal neurons in dissociated cultures. From 4 to 24 days in vitro, the relative numbers of stained neurons were counted and the staining intensity of individual neurons determined by absorbency measurements using a television-based densitometer. Whereas few stained cells could be observed at 4 DIV, 80% of the neurons were neuron-specific enolase-positive at 13 days in vitro. This value remained constant up to 24 days in vitro. The density of the immunoreaction product increased dramatically from 13 to 17 days in vitro and was still higher at 24 days in vitro. The glial and ependymal cells of the carpet, as well as neuroblasts, remained unstained. Comparison with morphological observations and immunocytochemical demonstration of neuronal peptides made earlier shows that expression of neuron-specific enolase closely parallels neuronal differentiation. These observations indicate that cultures derived from preoptic and septal neurons represent a viable model system for the study of neuronal maturation in vitro. PMID- 7110590 TI - [The carpal tunnel syndrome]. PMID- 7110591 TI - [Dor's fundoplication. Evaluation of results]. PMID- 7110592 TI - [Anastomoses in emergency surgery of the colon]. PMID- 7110593 TI - [Intestinal perforations in Crohn's disease]. PMID- 7110594 TI - [Mechanical ileus caused by phytobezoar of the small intestine after gastric surgical interventions. Observations on 2 cases]. PMID- 7110595 TI - [A case of recurrent echinococcosis of the muscles]. PMID- 7110596 TI - [Complicated spinocellular epithelioma of the knee. Surgical removal and reconstruction with a muscular flap]. PMID- 7110597 TI - [Hypotheses on the tumoral nature of fibrocystic mastopathy. Review of bibliographic data and experimental immunologic tests]. AB - The literature on fibrocystic mastopathy has been reviewed and it is noted that, if considered to be a dyplasia pure and simple, it is hard to fit the disease into the biphasic framework of cancer growth; its histopathological picture and development are very suggestive of cancer, it has the same experimental models as breast cancer; there are episodic contradictory results when it is submitted to immunological testing. On these bases, 16 cases of fibrocystic mastopathy have been put through the LAI test according to Thompson. It was found that the disease is antigenic in its clear stage, and that the pictures preceding and following it have a typical immunological index (NAI). With these and reported data, it is concluded that there are sound experimental bases for hypothesising that in its clear stage, fibrocystic mastopathy is a benign tumour of the breast. PMID- 7110598 TI - [Antibiotic prophylaxis in general surgery. Clinical evaluation of 3 different therapeutic regimens]. AB - Between April 1977 and April 1981, three schedules of prophylactic antibiotic therapy using four different antibiotics -- Cefaloridine, an association of Tobramycin-Lincomycin, and Ribostamycin -- have been employed in the surgical treatment of a series of patients. clinical experiments were carried out administering the dose of chosen antibiotic one hour before and a few hours after surgery, without prior selection of patients and without considering what type of surgery they were to undertake. The clinical series presented was submitted to statistical analysis for the purpose of monitoring the effectiveness of the therapeutic programmes adopted to prevent postoperative infections of the surgical focus and of the skin wound, comparisons also being made of the different types of drug. The high number and variability of the factors affecting this type of experiment are attributed equally to the patient's physiological and metabolic features and to the types of lesions and surgical intervention carried out. The rationality of these therapeutic solutions are assessed by comparison with traditional programmes of antibiotic administration carried out solely in the postoperative period for a prolonged time. Practicality, cost and incidence of side effects (infrequent) and the absence of serious toxic consequences are also discussed. PMID- 7110599 TI - [Therapy of acute spastic pain of the biliary and urinary tracts with rociverine]. AB - 105 patients with either biliary colics (54) or ureteral colics (51) were treated with rociverine, a new antispastic drug, at a dose of 20 mg iv. The drug showed a rapid and effective spasmolytic activity (total disappearance of painful symptoms in 89% of patients with biliary colic and in 92% of patients with ureteral colic). PMID- 7110600 TI - [Ataxia telangiectasia. Description of a case with multiple cerebral hemorrhages and liver cirrhosis]. AB - Clinical history and morbid anatomy findings of a new case of ataxia telangiectasia are reported. A 26 years old man, with overt signs of the disease since the age of 8, died for decompensated cirrhosis; in the last year he suffered for cerebral haemorrhage; post-mortem examination showed venous angiectasias in cerebral white matter that caused two macroscopical areas of haemorrhagic infarction and multiple pin-pointed haemorrhages. We suggest that longer survival of patients with A.T., due to better management of infectious complications, permits the appearance of vascular abnormality not only in skin and mucosae, but also in deep organs, generally protected from environmental damages. PMID- 7110601 TI - [Electroencephalographic changes in multiple sclerosis]. AB - The electroencephalogram of 278 multiple sclerosis patients were considered: abnormalities were observed in 39,2% of the cases. The comparison with clinical aspects of the disease (duration, course, invalidity, clinical form) did not show results statistically significant. PMID- 7110602 TI - [Sequential hepato-biliary scintigraphy and percutaneous cholangiography in the diagnosis of benign diseases of the biliary tract Indications and limits]. AB - Attention is drawn to the results of a study of 45 patients with bile duct calculosis designed to assess the soundness and the limits of two diagnostic examinations (HIDA and PTC) in determining the morphological and functional characteristics of the hepatoenteric tract. The results indicated that HIDA is a useful first step in average to serious cases of icterus as a means of evaluating the functional state of liver cells and the bile ducts by determination of activity-time curves for preselected areas, whereas PTC is more important in cases of serious icterus, since it also enables the patient to be suitably prepared for surgery. PMID- 7110603 TI - [Myocardial infarct: an acute dysmetabolic disease]. AB - It is hypothesised, on the basis of experimental observations on post-heparin plasma samples collected under post-prandial conditions, that variations in the activity of endothelial lipoproteinlipasic systems may be correlated to reductions in blood flow at coronary capillary level. More specifically, it is shown that a change in these enzymatic systems could determine "functional kidnapping" of heparin or other substances (glicosaminoglycans) engaged in the activation of Antithrombin III, with noteworthy haemorrheological consequences mediated by a variety of mechanisms. Relations between such haemorheological and metabolic changes further to activation of lipoprotein lipase are discussed and stress is laid on the importance both might have in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction. PMID- 7110604 TI - [Correlations between hemoglobin A1 and other metabolic and clinical parameters in insulin-dependent diabetics followed in ambulatory care]. AB - 210 HbA1 percentage tests were determined in 52 ambulatory insulinodependent patients. There was a close correlation between HbA1 and blood-glucose of the previous two months: mean post-prandial, mean daily and, less strongly, mean fasting blood-glucose. The level of glycosylated haemoglobins correlated significantly with blood-glucose of the same time and highly with mean 24 hour glycosuria 0/00 of previous two months. There was also a slight inverse correlation between HbA1 and uricemia. No correlation resulted with total lipemia, serum triglyceride levels, serum total cholesterol levels and HDL cholesterol concentrations. The increased proportions of HbA1 did not not appear to be related to the age of the patients or to the duration of diabetes or to complications. HbA1 measurement is a simple and objective test of metabolic control in diabetic subjects. PMID- 7110605 TI - [The thyroid hormones in alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Clinical and prognostic aspects]. AB - The Authors confirm the clinical and prognostic importance of the measurement of circulating thyroid hormones - especially of Triiodothyronine (T3) - in evaluating the decompensated phases of alcoholic liver cirrhosis. The assay was performed in 90 patients affected by liver cirrhosis and was compared with the clinical manifestations and other laboratory test: only prothrombin time was showed to be as useful as T3 concentration in following the clinical course of cirrhosis. Low levels of tetraiodothyronine (T4) - if one can rule out the presence of hypothyroidism - are evidence for a bad impending prognosis. PMID- 7110607 TI - [Pregnancy in patients operated on for congenital or acquired heart diseases]. AB - The Author considers some cases of pregnancies following to cardiovascular operations; these cases were observed at the Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica of the University of Rome since 1953 until today. It is in evidence that: 1) operations for mitral valve commissurotomy almost always contributed to carry out those pregnancies successfully; 2) operations for radical corrections of congenital malformations - including three cases of tetralogy of Fallot - favoured an almost normal evolution of pregnancy. PMID- 7110606 TI - [Hypokalemic myopathy in arterial hypertension]. AB - Three cases of arterial hypertension and severe hypokaliemia are reported; in two cases an acute rhabdomyolisis was also observed. The syndrome was iatrogenic in two cases depending on the licorice eating and the combined use of diuretics and a 9-alpha-fluoroprednisolone-containing nasal spray in one patient, and on a long term use of the same nasal decongestant in the other. In the patient 2 the persistence of low PRA and aldosterone levels seems to indicate an excess of mineralcorticoid activity other than aldosterone. The syndrome of factitious mineralcorticoid excess should, therefore, be considered in the differential diagnosis of arterial hypertension with hypokaliemia; the risks of a long-term administration of steroid-containing nasal sprays, responsible of serious side effects, should also be stressed. PMID- 7110608 TI - [Effects of isometric exercise (handgrip) on the systolic times of patients with essential arterial hypertension. A polygraphic study]. AB - The modifications of systolic times during isometric exercise (hand-grip) are evaluated in a group of patients with essential hypertension. In these patients the hand-grip showed a reduction of the PEP, ICT and LVET: the re-establishment of the basal values of the PEP, ICT and LVET, became in variable times and in different ways with regard to the modifications of the miocardial performance induced by hypertension, unlike normal patients, in whom that becomes normally during the period of recovery. Little modifications of the PEP/LVET ratio, are observed in all patients and this ratio is like that observed toward blood pressure during exercise. Blood-pressure, like heart rate, increased suddenly during exercise and returned on the basal values during the recovery, normally both in the control group and in patients with hypertension arised recently; more slowly and incompletely in patients with hypertension arised long before. The Authors related this fact to the adjustment alterations of the blood pressure. PMID- 7110609 TI - [9 years of electric stimulation in Abruzzo. cognitive findings]. AB - Data relating to 9 years of definitive electrostimulation in the Abruzzo region are presented. An account is given of the epidemiology, the indications for implantation, the stimulation and control technology, and the complications. It is pointed out that the implantability index rose from 1976 to 1978 to reach values of 130.5 implants/mil/inhab. This is in comparable with that in the literature. The technologies and modalities are rapidly developing, and a definitive picture cannot be drawn as yet. Further cognitive investigations are envisaged. PMID- 7110611 TI - [Spontaneous recovery of sinus rhythm in long-standing mitral fibrillation]. AB - The case of a 73-year-old woman with a 10 year history of mitral valvulopathy in atrial fibrillation is reported. On two occasions spontaneous recovery of sinus rhythm occurred. The first, lasting about 48 hours, followed acute digitalis poisoning. On the second occasion there was a slight intermittent 1st degree A-V blockage, though no glucoside had been taken for about 5 months. PMID- 7110610 TI - [Polycardiography in the diagnosis of latent cardiac insufficiency]. AB - A group of heart patients and another group of healthy subjects have been studied and their systolic intervals (PEP-LVET - PEP/LVET ratio and the telediastolic index) evaluated using the mechanocardiographic system. In both long-standing and recent heart patients, the parameters studied showed significant deviations from the norm. These were even more marked after exercise on the ergonometer bicycle. Acute doses of digitalis reduced deviations from the norm observed under basal conditions and after exercise. Polycardiography, it is concluded, assists in the gathering of extremely valuable information about cardiac performance in relation to latent cardiac insufficiency. Especially useful information can be deduced from PEP indications and from the PEP/LVET ratio. The use of digitalis is suggested for physically active post-infarction subjects in order to give greater tolerance of physical exercise. The concept of long-term polygraphic studies as part of out-patient follow-ups on such patients is outlined. PMID- 7110612 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the therapeutic effect of D-L-carnitine in the acute phase of myocardial infarct in relation to the behavior of the serum myoglobin concentration curve]. AB - Clinical experience carried out on 40 patients with AMI - 22 of them treated with 15 g daily of D-L-Carnitine and 18 untreated - is reported. Our interest was to study the therapeutic action of this drug evaluating if it was able to modify the curve of serum myoglobin level released from necrotic or ischaemic areas. The conclusion is drawn that this drug could act feebly only during the earlier stages of AMI, but many reserves are expressed. PMID- 7110613 TI - [Current data on tobacco amblyopia]. PMID- 7110616 TI - [Smoke and oncogenesis]. PMID- 7110615 TI - [Smoke and stomach diseases]. PMID- 7110614 TI - [Smoke and the endocrine system]. PMID- 7110617 TI - [Attempt at a statistical demonstration of the "carcinogenetic" role of cigarette smoke on the basis of results of an epidemiologic study of 2015 cases of pulmonary tumors hospitalized in Florence]. PMID- 7110619 TI - [Analysis of tobacco smoke exposure through the evaluation of biochemical and hematological indicators]. PMID- 7110618 TI - [Current knowledge of maternal-fetal damage from tobacco use. Evaluation of a study carried out on more than 1000 subjects]. PMID- 7110620 TI - [Effects of carbon monoxide on tissue oxygenation]. PMID- 7110621 TI - [The components of tobacco smoke: does there exist a less toxic cigarette?]. PMID- 7110622 TI - [Interpretation of laboratory tests in smokers]. PMID- 7110623 TI - [Smoke and health: medico-social aspects]. PMID- 7110624 TI - [Update on antibiotic therapy. 9) Dibekacine]. PMID- 7110625 TI - Location of median and ulnar motornuclei in the cat. AB - In the cat we used the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) technique to investigate the location of the motor nuclei projecting through the median and the ulnar nerves. Each nucleus is described b its longitudinal extent along the rostro-caudal spinal cord axis and by its dorso-ventral and medio-lateral position within the ventral horn. The topographical relations between different nuclei are, however, only provisionally ascertained with the HRP technique, since the simultaneous use of different fluorescent tracers in the same animal is a more powerful approach to establish the spatial relations between different neuronal populations. One example with the latter technique is reported, which demonstrates the complete overlap of two different nuclei. PMID- 7110626 TI - Relationship between neuron density and oxygen consumption in the guinea pig paramedian cortex during development. AB - Development-related changes in cortical consumption in the guniea pig were studied with respect to changes in neuronal density. Total oxygen consumption was directly related to neuron density, with 5-day-old cortex tissue possessing significantly more neurons per unit area than mature cortical blocks. In contrast, mature cortical neurons utilized more oxygen than did 5-day-old cortical neurons. The results indicate that developmental changes in both cortical neuron density and cellular metabolic rates affect oxygen consumption patterns in developing guinea pig brain tissue.U PMID- 7110627 TI - Radioactive deoxyglucose uptake into forelimb muscles in task performing monkeys. AB - Incorporation of [14C]2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) into forelimb muscles of task performing monkeys was studied. Extensor muscles of used forelimbs showed a significant increase in 2-DG uptake; they were ext.dig.2nd and 3rd, ext.dig.com., ext.carp.rad. and ext.carp.uln. On the other hand, flexor muscles in the used forelimb did not show such a significant increase in 2-DG uptake. Muscles of non used limbs, flexors or extensors, did not show a significant 2-DG uptake. PMID- 7110628 TI - Modifications of presaccadic activation on neurons in the extrastriate cortex during prolonged training of rhesus monkeys in a visuo-oculomotor task. AB - As a monkey learns to make a saccadic eye movement to a constantly illuminated peripheral stimulus the majority of cells in visual association cortex at the prelunate gyrus are activated before the eye movement (presaccadic activation, PSA). We recorded eye movements and this PSA extracellularly from single cells of behaving monkeys by microelectrode penetrations made during consecutive days of training. The PSA gradually disappears as training continues for some weeks. At the same time the animal's performance improves and saccadic reaction times decrease. The visuo-oculomotor task seems to be automated and its execution no longer needs a strong activation of the visual association cortex. PMID- 7110629 TI - Naloxone effects on blood pressure, analgesia and diuresis in spontaneous hypertensive and normotensive rats. AB - Studies were performed in unanesthetized normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) to compare the effects of naloxone. In normotensive Wistar rats, naloxone did not change blood pressure (BP) and nociceptive threshold, but it induced a dose-related diuretic response. Whereas in SHR naloxone decreased nociceptive threshold and lowered BP when given intracerebroventricularly, it failed to significantly modify diuresis. These differences between hypertensive and normotensive rats in their responses to naloxone may be explained by the fact that vasopressin (VP) levels and opioid activity are different in SHR. PMID- 7110630 TI - Peripheral nerve cells in culture rich in Schwann cells incorporate and metabolize trans-unsaturated fatty acid (elaidic acid) as well as physiological dis isomer (oleic acid). AB - A culture of peripheral nerve cells enriched in Schwann cells was obtained from sciatic nerve in normal and demyelinating trembler mutant. These cells incorporated and metabolized a non-physiological trans fatty acid (elaidic aid) as well as the physiological cis isomer (oleic acid). Both acids were incorporated similarly in all lipids studied (phosphatidylcholine was a very potent acceptor) only cholesterol-esters' formation was slightly reduced from elaidic acid. Both acids were partially degradates into sub-units, in turn used for synthesis of new fatty acids. However elaidic acid was less degraded by the cells thus providing more C14:1, C16:1 fatty acids and less cholesterol. The sub units were also used to provide very long chains, saturated and mono-unsaturated; only synthesis of nervonic acid was at variance when using oleic and elaidic acids. The presence of elaidic acid diminished the elongation-desaturation of essential fatty acids. No major differences were found between control and trembler cells, however cholesterol-esters' synthesis was slightly enhances in the mutant cells, when using both acids. PMID- 7110631 TI - Labelling of dying neurones by peroxidase injected intravascularly in chick embryos. AB - Three lines of evidence indicate that intravascularly injected horseradish peroxidase labels dying neurones selectively in the developing isthmo-optic nucleus: (i) in unoperated embryos, labelled neurones are found only during the period of normal neuronal death; (ii) some of the labelled neurones are manifestly necrotic; (iii) an intraocular injection of colchicine causes essentially all the isthmo-optic neurones to degenerate, and then they almost all take up peroxidase. However, deafferenting the developing isthmo-optic nucleus by a tectal lesion increases the loss of neurones whilst scarcely affecting the number labelled; this implies that the neurones which die because of the deafferentation either do not take up the peroxidase or are phagocytozed exceptionally rapidly. PMID- 7110633 TI - Motor responses evoked by microstimulation of cerebellar interpositus nucleus in cats submitted to dorsal rhizotomy. AB - In cats with C4-T2 unilateral dorsal rhizotomy, stimulation of interpositus nucleus of the cerebellum, ipsilateral to the deafferented side, elicits in forelimbs single muscle contractions, which display threshold, latencies and spatial-temporal characteristics similar to those of the muscular responses produced in the other forelimb, upon stimulation of interpositus nucleus of the intact side. Motor effects induced by the interpositus nucleus-stimulation on the deafferented side disappear following red nucleus lesions. Single muscle contractions triggered from interpositus nucleus are, therefore, mediated by impulses impinging on alpha-motoneurons, via the rubrospinal pathway. PMID- 7110632 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of human growth hormone-like material in the median eminence of the rat: light and electron microscopic observations. AB - Using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase pre-embedding technique for immunoelectron microscopy, human growth hormone (hGH)-like material was demonstrated in large, dense core vesicles in axon terminals in the hypothalamic median eminence of the rat. The close association of immunoreactive terminals with fenestrated capillaries of the portal plexus, suggests that the hGH-like material is contained within the tuberoinfundibular neuronal system and may be a hypophysiotropic hormone. PMID- 7110634 TI - Electrical stimulation in the rat of the supraoptic nucleus: failure to alter plasma corticosterone after surgical lesioning of the paraventricular nucleus. AB - Electrical stimulation of the supraoptic nucleus (SON) for 3 min in dexamethasone morphine-pentobarbital-pretreated rats raised the plasma level of corticosterone; 4 days after placing a surgical lesion in the hypothalamic paraventricular nuclei (PVN) electrical stimulation of the SON failed to change the plasma level of corticosterone. We suggest that nerve fibres originating in or near the PVN that pass near the SON are likely to contain corticotropin releasing factor and elicit and release of ACTH following electrical stimulation. PMID- 7110635 TI - Distribution of neurophysins in rat brain: radioimmunological measurement and characterization. AB - Rat neurophysins were isolated from posterior pituitaries and antibodies raised in rabbits. Individual sensitive and specific radioimmunoassays for the neurophysins associated with either vasopressin or oxytocin were developed and employed for measuring the neurophysins in various regions of rat brain. Neurophysin-like immunoreactivity was detected in hypothalamus, septum, amygdala, brainstem and spinal cord. Characterization by high performance liquid chromatography suggested the identity with the neurophysins contained in the posterior pituitary. The distribution of these peptides in the brain points to a possible role in central nervous system processes. PMID- 7110636 TI - Glicentin-immunoreactive perikarya and varicosities in the guinea pig central nervous system. AB - Glicentin-immunoreactive (GLI-IR) neurons and nerves were studied in the central nervous system of guinea pig. GLI-IR perikarya were found in the medulla oblongata located in the nucleus tractus solitarii, in the nucleus commissuralis, in the nucleus reticularis lateralis and the formation reticularis. Immunoreactive varicosities, however, were seen in many other areas of the central nervous system such as in the hypothalamus, in the nucleus proprius striae terminalis, in the nuclei thalami mediani, in the substantia grisea centralis, in the nuclei raphe, in the formatio reticularis and in the vagus neucleus tractus solitarii-system. Some of the described GLI-IR varicosities may therefore be extensions of the neurons located in the medulla oblongata. Furthermore, the role of GLI as a putative neurotransmitter is discussed. PMID- 7110637 TI - Possible modulatory role of dynorphin on the excitation by neurotensin on the guinea pig myenteric plexus. AB - Dynorphin 1-13 antagonized in a concentration-dependent fashion the contractile effect of neurotensin on the isolated preparation of the guinea pig ileum myenteric plexus. The inhibitory action of dynorphin was reduced in the presence of naloxone indicating the opioid nature of this interaction. Atropine also reduced the excitatory component of the neurotensin-induced contractile response; the joint application of atropine plus dynorphin did not cause additional inhibition of the contractile effect of neurotensin. PMID- 7110638 TI - Preferential action of beta-bungarotoxin at nerve terminal regions in the hippocampus. AB - The action of beta-bungarotoxin on the transverse slice of rat hippocampus has been studied in vitro. The toxin (230 nM) initially impaired neurotransmission in the major subdivisions of the slice with a half time for blockade of about 10 min. Intracellular recordings revealed no reduction in pyramidal cell sensitivity to putative neurotransmitters, suggesting a primary action of the toxin upon transmitter release. More protracted effects of beta-bungarotoxin included a reduction of neuronal excitability, particularly in the terminal regions of hippocampal fibre pathways, but these proceeded at a much slower rate than the action on synaptic transmission. It is concluded that the toxin binds to some component present at terminal regions to mediate its preferential effect in the hippocampus. PMID- 7110639 TI - Intracellular sites of early calcium accumulation in the rat hippocampus during status epilepticus. AB - Using electron microscopy and the combined oxalate--pyroantimonate technique, calcium was located in hippocampal neurons of rats that had undergone L allylglycine-induced status epilepticus. In control material, calcium deposits were prominent in nearly every synaptic vesicle, and to a lesser degree in mitochondria and the Golgi apparatus of pyramidal neurons and dentate granule cells. After status epilepticus, mitochondrial calcium deposits increased, particularly in the swollen mitochondria of the pyramidal cell bodies and basal dendrites of CA3 and CA1 neurones. These studies support the theory that enhanced calcium entry leading to calcium overload of mitochondria may be an important cytotoxic mechanism producing selective neuronal loss. PMID- 7110640 TI - The nutritive quality of processed foods: general policies for nutrient additions. Statement by the American Medical Association. PMID- 7110641 TI - Assessment and diagnosis of sexual problems. PMID- 7110642 TI - Neonatal circumcision: a teaching plan to better inform parents. PMID- 7110643 TI - Pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Understanding the pathophysiologic joint changes of rheumatoid arthritis will help the nurse practitioner educate clients in therapeutic modalities such as drugs, exercise, rest, heat and cold, and splints. Uncontrolled inflammation of the affected joints is the client's worst enemy. If inflammation could be controlled early in the disease process and thus limited to synovial tissue without pannus formation and subsequent cartilage destruction, normal joint function could be more optimally maintained. But once fibrotic tissue has formed, the resulting damage to the cartilage and joint destruction cannot be reversed. The earlier treatment is initiated and the sooner the client is educated, the less advanced and crippling this disease could be physically, psychologically, emotionally and socially. PMID- 7110644 TI - Real-time ultrasound in obstetrics. PMID- 7110645 TI - Structural changes of the genital tract associated with in utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol. PMID- 7110646 TI - Body image in obstetrics and gynecology. PMID- 7110647 TI - Planning in advance. PMID- 7110648 TI - The OSMA and the auxillary: a synergy of action. PMID- 7110649 TI - Medical malpractice. An Ohio survey. PMID- 7110650 TI - CME. How is it measuring up? PMID- 7110652 TI - Use of the Honan intraocular pressure reducer at The Wilmer Institute. AB - Our technique for the preparation of the patient for cataract surgery is discussed, with description of our use of the Honan intraocular pressure reducer (HIPR). Results of preoperative use of the HIPR in a prospective study of 21 patients and our retrospective experience with over 1,000 patients undergoing cataract surgery (with or without lens implantation) are discussed. The HIPR appears to be a safe and effective means of reducing intraocular pressure preoperatively when used with due care. PMID- 7110651 TI - Noninvasive carotid artery evaluation. PMID- 7110653 TI - Worsening of myopia following a circular keratotomy. PMID- 7110654 TI - An anatomical reevaluation of rectus muscle insertions. AB - Certain strabismus operations require a thorough knowledge of the anatomy of rectus muscle insertions. Earlier anatomical studies were based on a small sample size and did not use precise microscopic techniques for measurements. To obtain accurate measurements of rectus muscle insertion relationships, 100 consecutive normal adult autopsy eyes were examined with a Vernier caliper and a dissecting microscope for high magnification. Statistical analysis of these data provided a set of normal values for (1) distances from anterior and posterior limbus to rectus muscle insertions, (2) distances between anterior and posterior limbus, (3) length of line ("width") of rectus muscle insertions, and (4) distances between rectus muscle insertions. Although most of the determinations were somewhat similar to older previous studies, statistically they were significantly different. The ophthalmologist can make use of the revised set of figures for rectus muscle insertion relationships in operations such as transposition procedures for A-V patterns and cranial nerve palsies, large recessions, and advancements in reoperations after recessions. PMID- 7110655 TI - Thermographic evaluation of the human lacrimal drainage system. AB - A new method for evaluating the anatomy and patency of the human lacrimal drainage system is presented. Thermography was used in conjunction with routine lacrimal irrigation to visualize the tear ducts in normal subjects and in a patient with obstructive epiphora. The canaliculi, common canal, and lacrimal sac could be identified, and certain abnormalities detected with this technique. Additional information can be obtained regarding the presence of subclinical inflammation. The authors feel that thermography offers promise as a safe, simple technique for evaluating the lacrimal anatomy in patients with epiphora. PMID- 7110656 TI - Inhibition of secondary cataracts by cryolysis of lens epithelium in rabbits. AB - In an attempt to inhibit secondary cataract formation by destroying the subcapsular lens epithelium, a defined amount of freeze was applied to the anterior capsule of one eye of 16 New Zealand white rabbits just prior to a planned extracapsular cataract extraction of both eyes using phacofragmentation. The rabbits were sacrificed eight weeks after surgery and the secondary cataracts were dissected from the eyes. The degree of secondary cataract formation was evaluated by two independent observers and grading systems. Overall, 14 of 16 rabbits, or 88%, had a significant (P less than .01) reduction of secondary cataract in the treated eye as compared to the control eye. This study demonstrates that freezing of the subcapsular lens epithelium prior to a planned extracapsular cataract extraction in rabbits can significantly diminish secondary cataract formation. However because of the present difficulty in controlling the extent of the freeze to the surrounding ocular tissues with current cryoprobes, this procedure is not yet applicable in humans. PMID- 7110657 TI - Operating microscope anti-fogging lens heaters. PMID- 7110658 TI - Sidewall-holed needle for anterior chamber infusion. PMID- 7110659 TI - Intraocular lens implantation following cataract extraction in Fuchs' heterochromic uveitis. AB - The results of intraocular lens implantation in eight cases of cataract secondary to heterochromic uveitis are presented. Follow-up was from 16 months to two years (mean 22 months). Visual acuity was restored to 6/9 or better in six cases and 6/18 in one, but remained hand movements in the remaining case. Postoperative complications included the development of inflammatory pupillary membranes, vitreous haze, and increased intraocular pressure. PMID- 7110660 TI - Intraocular lens implantation: residents vs. staff. AB - Our first 96 consecutive IOL implantations were reviewed. Results of resident cases (85% maintaining 20/40 or better acuity at an average follow-up of 16 months) were comparable to those of staff physicians at our institution as well as to those reported in the literature by experienced implant surgeons. Results of residents' initial cases improved with changes in surgical technique and increasing experience of the assisting staff. Training of residents in implantation with adequate assistance represents no increased risk to the patient, and is likely to decrease the risk to subsequent patients encountered in practice. PMID- 7110661 TI - Postoperative residual small angle exodeviations. PMID- 7110662 TI - The use of the pigtail probe for silicone intubation of the injured canaliculus. AB - The surgical technique of using a pigtail probe for silicone intubation of an injured canaliculus is described. Nineteen patients who had either chemical burns of the punctal orifices or lacerations of the canalicular structures were treated by this method of repair. The results were excellent; and functioning canalicular systems were obtained in all of the patients after surgical repair. PMID- 7110663 TI - A horizontal or vertical prism bar. PMID- 7110665 TI - Posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation without peripheral iridectomy--a preliminary report. PMID- 7110664 TI - "In the bag": Shearing intraocular lens implantation in a patient with multiple severe coagulopathies. AB - In patients with coagulation defects, the use of posterior chamber lens implanted within the capsular bag after extracapsular cataract extraction appears to be well suited for the avoidance of long-term hemorrhagic complications. Bleeding tendencies during and following surgery can be managed medically with careful collaboration of a hematologist or coagulationist. This patient's multifaceted coagulopathy was easily manageable by treating each component as a separate entity. It is our present view that the vast majority of patients with severe coagulopathy can safely undergo cataract surgery and can be considered for intraocular lens implantation. PMID- 7110666 TI - Leaky cystoid macular edema attracting vitreous macrophages. AB - A foveola with signs of atrophy and cystoid edema in an eye with a history of contusion, laceration, and hemorrhage exhibits a selective attraction of blood filled macrophages. This important observation allows for the conclusion that the avascular foveola can leak into the inner eye like a blood vessel and chemotactically attract vitreous macrophages under these conditions. PMID- 7110667 TI - The slit canaliculus. AB - Canalicular stent tubes were inserted in patients at canaliculo dacryocystorhinostomy, dacryocystorhinostomy with a common internal punctum membrane, or at dacryocystorhinostomy with small mucosal anastomosis. Canalicular slits occurred in 16% of cases, more often with polyethylene than with silicone, and more often with increased duration of implantation. With a large patent mucosal flap anastomosis, slitting did not significantly impair function. The need for adequate mucosal anastomosis is emphasized in the treatment of canalicular disease. PMID- 7110668 TI - Air-fluid exchange in the treatment of vitreous hemorrhage during vitrectomy. PMID- 7110669 TI - Posttraumatic sensorineural hearing loss. A prospective long-term study. PMID- 7110670 TI - Spike artefact associated with fast eye movements in electronystagmography and its importance in the automatic analysis of saccades. PMID- 7110671 TI - Treatment of Meniere's disease with isosorbide. PMID- 7110672 TI - [Surgical treatment experience with patients with sequelae of poliomyelitis]. PMID- 7110673 TI - [Humeroscapular periarthrosis and its treatment]. PMID- 7110674 TI - [Characteristics of the clinical x-ray course of arthrosis deformans of the hip joints in the middle-aged and elderly]. PMID- 7110675 TI - [Effect of intertrochanteric osteotomy on the neural apparatus of the hip joint]. PMID- 7110677 TI - [Modification of Kriuk's operation in treating varus deformity of the femur neck in adults]. PMID- 7110676 TI - [Restoration of congruence in dysplasia of the hip joint]. PMID- 7110678 TI - [Functional indices of external respiration in congenital scoliosis]. PMID- 7110679 TI - [Bioelectrical activity of the intercostal muscles in scoliosis patients with distractor correction of the spine and chest cavity]. PMID- 7110680 TI - [Electromyography of the paravertebral and intercostal muscles and rheopulmonography in the corrective treatment of scoliosis]. PMID- 7110681 TI - [Lexir as a supplement in combined anaesthesia with nitrous oxide for orthopedic patients]. PMID- 7110682 TI - [Pathogenesis and therapy of cervical incompetence]. PMID- 7110683 TI - [Aflatoxin in food of animal and plant origin]. PMID- 7110684 TI - [Characteristics of the clinical picture and course in IgA glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7110685 TI - [Pathological examination of resected colon specimens]. PMID- 7110686 TI - [Possibilities of cerebral resuscitation within the limits of intensive patient care]. PMID- 7110687 TI - [Current questions of modern urethrocystoscopy]. PMID- 7110688 TI - [Selective inhibitors of 2 types of monoamine oxidase and new possibilities of their therapeutic use]. PMID- 7110689 TI - [Experience in the management of acute suppurative nephritis]. PMID- 7110690 TI - [Rare medical books in the episcopal library of Kalocsa]. PMID- 7110691 TI - [Hazards of morphine derivatives in pancreatitis]. PMID- 7110692 TI - [Significance of giant sperm in andrologic diagnosis]. PMID- 7110693 TI - [Incidence of allergy to rubber in hospitalized patients]. PMID- 7110694 TI - [Prospective studies in perinatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy]. PMID- 7110695 TI - [Catheter embolization of apudoma liver metastases]. PMID- 7110696 TI - [Autonomous adenoma of the thyroid gland]. PMID- 7110697 TI - [Complications from the use of IUD]. PMID- 7110699 TI - [Clinicopathological aspects of metastasis formation]. PMID- 7110698 TI - [Practical and ethical questions of the physician-patient relation]. PMID- 7110700 TI - [The effect of peritoneal dialysis using a hyperosmolar solution]. PMID- 7110701 TI - [The role of paternal age in the sex ratio of newborn infants]. PMID- 7110703 TI - [Behcet disease]. PMID- 7110702 TI - [Congenital hydrometrocolpos]. PMID- 7110704 TI - [Experience with lesions caused by ingestion of caustics in infancy]. PMID- 7110705 TI - [Public health administration regulations affecting the use of swimming pools by the severely handicapped and patients with diseases of the locomotor system]. PMID- 7110706 TI - [Searching for directions in psychiatry]. PMID- 7110707 TI - [Correlations between hypothalamo-hypophyseal and testicular function in hyperthyroidism]. PMID- 7110708 TI - [Bone scintigraphy in modern clinical diagnosis]. PMID- 7110709 TI - [Experience with ambulatory chemical cardioversion]. PMID- 7110710 TI - [Early diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus and optic atrophy (DIDMOAD syndrome)]. PMID- 7110711 TI - [Cytostatics and their cardiodepressant action]. PMID- 7110712 TI - [Multiple pathologic fractures in osteogenesis imperfecta (author's transl)]. PMID- 7110713 TI - [Periprosthetic fractures after total replacement of knee joint (author's transl)]. PMID- 7110714 TI - [Rupture of the quadriceps tendon in two stages in adolescence (author's transl)]. PMID- 7110715 TI - [The influence of metal implants on the radiation dosage in the treatment of malignant tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7110717 TI - Visual standards of drivers. PMID- 7110718 TI - Computer simulation of extraocular muscle co-operation: an evaluation. PMID- 7110716 TI - [Fatigue fractures after femoral lengthening (author's transl)]. PMID- 7110719 TI - The possible correlation of intra-ocular pressure and the volume of the anterior chamber. AB - An investigation is made into the correlation between anterior chamber volume and intra-ocular pressure. It is suggested that patients can be screened for possible ocular hypertension by measuring their corneal radii and the depth of their anterior chamber. A nomogram shows which combinations of the parameters may lead to ocular hypertension and thus indicates which patients need to be investigated at greater length. PMID- 7110720 TI - The relationship between clinical stereotests. AB - The stereo-thresholds of 67 normal binocular subjects and two smaller groups of nonbinocular and temporarily occluded subjects were measured using three clinical stereotests and a laboratory two-needle test. The Titmus, Frisby and two-needle tests were found to give a much lower mean threshold than the TNO test. It was found that there is low, but significant, correlation between most pairs of the tests. This suggests they all measure the same underlying function of stereopsis, but other factors must also influence performance in these tests. The non binocular subjects performed slightly better than the occluded subjects in some of the stereotests. PMID- 7110721 TI - A matrix formulation of spectacle magnification. AB - The paraxial 4 x 4 astigmatic system matrix is used to derive a 2 x 2 blurred image magnification matrix, as well as a 2 x 2 spectacle magnification matrix. The 2 x 2 spectacle magnification matrix describes the meridional magnifications for any spherocyclindrical spectacle correction including a bitoric eikonic lens. The 2 x 2 spectacle magnification matrix can be approximated by the product of 2 x 2 power and shape factor matrices that have algebraic forms exactly analogous to the power and shape factor equations for spherical correcting lenses. PMID- 7110722 TI - Toric lens volume. AB - Theory is derived for the calculation of the volume of tyre- and barrel-form toric lenses. The integral produced is evaluated using an approximate method of integration. Differences between the two volumes are considered insignificant in the context of spectacle lens manufacture. Methods of approximating the volumes of both tyre- and barrel-form toric lenses are examined. An approximate method, relying upon standard formulae pertaining to the volume of the sphere and cylinder, is sufficiently refined for most practical purposes and obviates the use of a sophisticated calculator or computer. PMID- 7110723 TI - [Distribution of laryngeal malignant neoplasms in Lower Silesia in the years 1969 -1978 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7110724 TI - [Fate of patients with laryngeal carcinoma treated at the Department of Otolaryngology, Medical Academy in Wroclaw in the years 1975--1979 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7110725 TI - [Aspiration cytodiagnosis of salivary tumours in the material of the Department of Otolaryngology, Medical Academy in Warsaw (author's transl)]. PMID- 7110726 TI - [Paroxysmal glottospasm in latent tetany (author's transl)]. PMID- 7110727 TI - [Hearing acuity evaluation in patients dialysed for chronic renal failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7110728 TI - [Sudden deafness of unclear etiology (lipids level examinations in blood serum) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7110729 TI - [Facial malignant granuloma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7110731 TI - [A foreign body remaining for a long period in the bronchus in a child aged 1 year (author's transl)]. PMID- 7110730 TI - [Ethmoid sinus rhabdomyosarcoma in a child aged 12 years (author's transl)]. PMID- 7110732 TI - [A project of electrogustometer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7110733 TI - [Microevolution of vocal cord carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7110734 TI - [Perinatal infections caused by rare pathogens. 4. Pneumococcus]. PMID- 7110735 TI - [Epidemiology and clinical aspects of rheumatic fever today]. PMID- 7110736 TI - [Studies on resorption of orally administered antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents in children and its modification. 2]. AB - Besides the considerable differences in the intestinal absorption of the different antibiotic classes as described in part I of this paper galenic preparations and the administration in form of a capsule -- tablet or sirup play a major role too. The particle size of antimicrobial drugs in sirup form has to be carefully selected. It should not be too small to prevent a rapid decay of the substance by gastric acid; if it is too large the dissolution of the substance is not fast enough for maximal absorption in the upper intestinal tract. Enteric coating, soluble binders, the dissolution time of a tablet are other important variables in the absorption of orally administered antibiotics. The most important influence on the resorption of orally administered antibiotics comes from the patient. Individual variations in the absorption are exceptionally high with amoxycillin. Different age groups show considerable variations in intestinal absorption which can amount to an extent of a two to threefold increase or decrease over the mean. Simultaneous administration of food or drugs have significant influences on the absorption of certain antibiotics. The pharmacokinetic investigation and bioavailability studies are done on healthy young adults. Diseases of the intestinal tract like acute diarrhea or malabsorption syndromes influence the absorption of orally administered antibiotics to a considerable extent which even renders some drugs completely ineffective. In cystic fibrosis the enteral absorption is retarded and pharmakokinetic parameters sizably altered. PMID- 7110737 TI - Hyperglycemia in very low birth weight infants: a common iatrogenic problem. AB - From a total of 36 very low birth weight infants (less then 1200 g) admitted to our neonatal unit during an 18-month period, 7 were fed per os while the remaining 29 received, during the first 4 days of life, parenteral glucose infusion either as a supplement to oral feedings (n: 11) or as the only source of fluids (n: 18). Among these 29 infants 21 (72%) manifested hyperglycemia (blood glucose greater than 125 mg/dl). On the contrary none of the 7 infants receiving oral feedings exclusively manifested hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia was related to high rates of glucose infusion (greater then 0.4 g/kg/hr). These data attest to the fragile nature of glucose metabolism in infants of very low birth weight. PMID- 7110738 TI - [Glycosaminoglycan-glomerular basement membrane interactions revealed by affinity chromatography (author's transl)]. AB - Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) are major constituents of the extracellular matrix of the kidney and an integral part of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). To elucidate the nature of the interaction between these structures we performed binding studies applying affinity chromatography. Solubilized glomerular basement membranes were coupled to the gel and the binding of heparan sulfate (HS), heparin (H), chondroitin-4-sulfate (Ch-4-S) and hyaluronic acid (HA) was studied, HS and H bound strongly to the glomerular basement membrane eluting with 4 M urea and 3 M NaCl on contrary to chondroitin-4-sulfate and hyaluronic acid which did not bind in our system. In order to determine which component of the GBM is responsible for the binding of the GAG we studied the linkage between basement membrane collagen type IV and laminin with the GAG. Both substances reflected the binding activity of their matrix substance for HS and H, but presenting low binding affinity for Ch-4-S reversible with 4 M urea and 1 M NaCl. The binding of the highly charged GAG could play an important role in physiological and pathophysiological functions with special regard to glomerular filtration processes. PMID- 7110739 TI - Perinatal complications in elderly primigravidas. AB - To clinical problems encountered in a group of 1.179 elderly primigravidas (greater than 35 years) during pregnancy, labor and the neonatal period were studied in an eleven-year review and compared to a randomised group of 66.819 pregnant women. The incidence of toxemia and fibromyomas was significantly higher in the group of the elderly primigravidas than in the control group. Forceps and cesarean sections were performed more frequently in the elderly primigravidas. The perinatal mortality rate, congenital malformations, neonatal infections and respiratory distress were significantly higher in the first group. The reduce the forementioned perinatal complications, elderly primigravidas need intensive care in special units. PMID- 7110740 TI - Are viral studies indicated in juvenile-onset diabetes? AB - Recent observations have shown that insulin-dependent diabetes (JOD) may be the result of autoimmunity causing more or less rapid pancreatic isle cell destruction. This autoimmune process may be initiated in individuals who are genetically vulnerable to specific virus action. Several viruses have been implicated as causing JOD. Rubella and mumps viruses were the first viruses to be proved diabetogenic. A few years ago Coxsackie B viruses were added to the list. A prospective study of all new diabetics was undertaken in order to clarify the association of viral illness with JOD. 45 new insulin-dependent diabetics were studied (complement fixation, neutralizing antibodies or hemagglutination inhibition) within 3 days following admission. Screening for viral illnesses included the study for antibodies to the following: psittacosis, mycoplasma, Q fever, mumps, measles, herpes, CMV, rubella and chickenpox. Control bloods matched for sex, age, season and year with patients were obtained from individuals screened for viral illnesses during the same period. 18 JOD patients had antibodies against various Coxsackie B viruses. 4 patients had elevated rubella antibody titers. PMID- 7110741 TI - [Initial findings in a catamnestic study of 155 hospitalized children with behavioral and psychosomatic disorders]. AB - In 1980 the Psychotherapeutic Department of the University Clinic for Pediatrics carried out a follow-up study on all children and adolescents with behavioral and psychosomatic disturbances who had come in as in-patient treatment between 1974 and 1979. 153 out of 150 questionnaires were returned and the statistical results may be considered representative of the entire patient group treated at the hospital. The minimal duration of the catamnesis is one year, the average duration is about three years. There is significant agreement between therapists and parents in their evaluation of the success of the therapy. Our article describes the therapeutic change in the children's symptoms in general and in comparison to the various diagnosis and also the change in different aspects of behavior. According to the parents, the therapy resulted in a significant and lasting improvement for 50% of the children; if we include the category "decrease in symptoms", the success rate goes up to 80%. Also described is the parents' point of view on the impact of the individual family's problems on the children' disturbances and on the development of family dynamics. As our Department lays special emphasis on family therapy the parents' attitude toward this aspect is interesting: according to the follow-up study, 50% of the parents consider family therapy to be one of the main reason for therapeutic success. PMID- 7110742 TI - [Serum ferritin and nutrition in infants (author's transl)]. PMID- 7110744 TI - [The radiological morphology of neonatal pneumonia (author's transl)]. AB - 71 chest X-rays of newborns with pneumonia were analysed in respect ot pathologic changes. The main radiologic symptoms were localized, coarse spotted, striated and homogeneous shadows. Inconstantly interstitial structures were found in addition as a direct sign for the inflammatory infiltration. In a high percentage different kinds of overinflation and irregular aeration were demonstrated as indirect signs. The differentiation to Hyaline membranes is easy usually. In some neonates the exclusion of a cardiac-shunt especially with decompensation, the evaluation of a pulmonary bleeding or wet lung can be difficult. In these cases the clinical report in combination with the radiologic findings will lead to a correct diagnosis. PMID- 7110743 TI - [Disturbed auditive perception (author's transl)]. AB - Disturbed auditive perception on its own, but even more frequently combined with other partly decreased cerebral functions is almost regularly found in children with speech disorders. They must be recognized and treated along with speech therapy. A report on the difficulties in comprehending this perception deficit neurophysiologically as well as on recent models of categorial hearing of speech is given. In practice such disturbances become relevant if speech disorders appear along with normal audiometric results. The exact observation of such children indicates the existence of disturbed auditive perception: Confusing of words of similar sound, constant asking for repetition, difficult acquisition of local-adverbs, missing of parts in a series of instructions and others. PMID- 7110746 TI - Finding an elevated blood pressure--what does it mean? PMID- 7110745 TI - Low temperature stimulation augments early wave component of somatosensory evoked response in humans and Macaca mulatta monkeys. AB - An early wave component of the scalp-recorded SER increases in amplitude when cold and electrical stimulation are combined. This change is accompanied by subjective reports of perceptual change in the intensity, domain or painfulness of the electrical stimulus in humans. Further results suggest that observation of the augmentation is dependent on normal functioning of both large and small peripheral fiber populations. This augmentation is also observed in Macaca mulatta monkeys. Under the same conditions, the spinal segmental SER is observed to obtain a new wave. This wave is time-locked to the electrical stimulus and has a latency longer than the earliest, but shorter than the latest traditional slow waves. The interaction of the cold and electrical stimuli to produce the cortical augmentation suggests the existence of a facilitatory mechanism. The level at which this operates and the mechanism through which it functions are discussed. The relationship of this augmentation to arousal phenomena is also examined. PMID- 7110748 TI - Symposium on pediatric nephrology. PMID- 7110747 TI - Essential hypertension in childhood. PMID- 7110749 TI - Serum sodium abnormalities in children. PMID- 7110750 TI - The role of nutrition in the care of children with renal insufficiency. PMID- 7110751 TI - Effects of alpha-tocopherol treatment on newborn rat lung development and injury in hyperoxia. AB - The efficacy of alpha-tocopherol treatment to influence the pattern or extent of lung injury resulting during exposure of newborn rats to hyperoxia was assessed following six-day exposures to FIO2 0.21, 0.4, and greater than 0.95. Alpha Tocopherol treatment was found incapable of preventing the developmental arrest of the lung that occurs during hyperoxic exposure, shown by assessments of wet lung weights, lung DNA, lung volumes, and the progress of secondary septal and capillary development. However alpha-tocopherol treatment was found effective in preventing the hyperoxic-induced lessening of lung compliance and in preventing the deterioration of gas exchange capacity in the lung of the hyperoxic-exposed newborn rat. These findings suggest alpha-tocopherol treatment may not be capable of preventing major alterations in lung morphology in infants with chronic lung disease may be lessened by preserving gas exchange capabilities. PMID- 7110752 TI - Oocyte destruction by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is not linked to the inducibility of ovarian aryl hydrocarbon (benzo(a)pyrene) hydroxylase activity in (DBA/2N X C57BL/6N) F1 X DBA/2N backcross mice. AB - The role of the Ah locus and ovarian aryl hydrocarbon (benzo(a)pyrene) hydroxylase activity (AHH, EC 1.14.14.1) in ovotoxicity produced by the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons benzo(a)pyrene (BP), 3-methylcholanthrene (3 MC), and 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) was explored in Ah-responsive and Ah-nonresponsive (DBA/2N X C57BL/6N) F1 X DBA/2N backcross (F1 X D2) mice. The F1 X D2 backcross mice were phenotyped by zoxazolamine muscle paralysis time and separated into responsive and nonresponsive groups. Basal ovarian AHH activity was similar in both responsive and nonresponsive phenotypes (0.2 fluorescence units/mg/30 minutes). After treatment with one of the three polycyclic hydrocarbons (100 mg/kg, IP), ovarian AHH activity was induced only in the responsive F1 X D2 phenotype (0.4 fluorescence units/mg/30 minutes), demonstrating that inducibility of ovarian AHH activity is associated with the Ahb allele. Although responsive and nonresponsive backcross mice difference in inducibility of ovarian AHH activity, no difference was observed in the rate of, or sensitivity to, primordial oocyte destruction by the three tested polycyclic hydrocarbons. At 15 days after treatment with a single injection of BP (100 mg/kg, IP), approximately 30% of the primordial oocytes were destroyed in both responsive and nonresponsive F1 X D2 mice. The time course for oocyte destruction over the 15-day observation period was similar in both phenotypes. DMBA (100 mg/kg, IP) destroyed all of the primordial oocytes between 9 and 12 days after treatment with similar time courses in both responsive and nonresponsive phenotypes. Treatment with 3-MC (100 mg/kg, IP) destroyed approximately 40% and 70% of the primordial oocytes in responsive and nonresponsive F1 X D2 mice, respectively. Although ovarian metabolism of polycyclic hydrocarbons is necessary for ovotoxicity, oocyte destruction is not linked to the Ah locus. Sensitivity to, or the time course of, ovotoxicity by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons most likely reflects the biological sum of the processes of metabolic activation, detoxication, and repair and cannot be simply represented by a single enzymatic assay such as ovarian AHH activity. PMID- 7110753 TI - Digoxin pharmacokinetics in premature infants. AB - An analysis of pharmacokinetic parameters of digoxin was carried out in six premature infants after the administration of a single total digitalizing dose of 20 microgram/kg. The data was analyzed using both a 2 and 3 exponential model. In the premature infant, the plasma half-life of digoxin is prolonged, while the volume of the central compartment, total body clearance, volume of distribution and volume of distribution at steady state are reduced compared to other aged patients. PMID- 7110754 TI - Rectal absorption and disposition of secobarbital in epileptic children. AB - The absorption and disposition of rectally administered secobarbital was studied in ten epileptic children, ages 2-13 yrs. Five subjects received secobarbital rectally in solution, and the other five received secobarbital suppositories. Concentration of secobarbital in serum was serially determined during 48 hrs after a single rectal dose of about 5 mg/kg. The rate of absorption of secobarbital, as measured by the time to reach peak serum concentration, was much more rapid from the solution than the suppository (0.92 +/- 0.47 hr vs 4.60 +/ 2.30 hr). The peak serum concentration of secobarbital in the solution group was consistently higher than in the suppository group (2.26 +/- 0.37 micrograms/ml vs 1.35 +/- 0.24 microgram/ml). None of the individual peak serum concentrations exceeded 3 micrograms/ml, which is well below the previously reported minimum toxic concentration of secobarbital (ie, 6 microgram/ml). The elimination half life of secobarbital varied over a wide range, from 2.7 to 13.5 hr, and is, on the average, shorter than estimates previously reported for adult volunteers or poly-drug abusers. Also, the mean elimination half-life did not differ between the solution and the suppository groups. The extent of rectal absorption of secobarbital, as assessed by the area under the serum concentration time curve, was not significantly different between the solution and the suppository treatments. If rectal secobarbital is considered for treatment of prolonged seizure, a rectal solution may offer a more rapid and consistent onset of action than with the suppository preparation. PMID- 7110755 TI - Blockade by phentolamine of induced inotropic responses in the canine heart in vivo. AB - Positive inotropic responses, measured as increases in the maximum derivative of left ventricular pressure (dP/dt), were induced by carotid artery occlusion (CAR), intravenous norepinephrine (NOR), or intravenous isoproterenol (ISO) in the canine heart in vivo. NOR and ISO also increased peak ascending flow velocity (V max). ISO increased heart rat (HR), while NOR and CAR produced comparatively little chronotropic response. Phentolamine (1 mg/kg) considerably reduced induced increases in dP/dt, Vmax and HR, while the same dose of propranolol almost completely abolished such increases. The results indicate that phentolamine, and alpha-adrenergic blocking drug, does have and ability to partially block induced positive inotropic responses in the canine heart, and perhaps chronotropic responses as well, although propranolol, a beta-blocker, is more effective. the results are in accord with the view that the principal cardiac adrenergic receptors are not adequately described either as classical beta- or alpha adrenergic receptors. PMID- 7110757 TI - Reversible changes in norepinephrine extraction by the lungs in children with pulmonary hypertension. AB - Extraction of circulating vasoactive hormones by the lung may influence systemic vasomotor tone. Since this process occurs in the pulmonary microcirculation, we evaluated the effects of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) secondary to congenital heart disease (CHD) on this metabolic function of lung. Eleven patients with varying congenital cardiac lesions were studied preoperatively and postoperatively. Five had normal pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) (group I), and six had PAH with peak systolic PAP greater than 40 mm Hg (group II). PA and postpulmonary arterial blood samples were collected before and after surgery at the time of pressure measurements. Norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (EPI) levels were determined by radioenzymatic assay. Preoperatively, circulating NE levels were higher (P less than 0.05) and NE extraction measured was lower (P less than 0.01) in group II patients as compared with group I. Extraction increased in group II postoperatively after PA pressures were reduced, becoming equivalent to group I postoperative values. EPI extraction was negligible in either group at any time. These data demonstrate that lungs of children are capable of selective catecholamine uptake and that elevated PAP occuring with CHD is associated with a decrease in this capability and an increase in circulating NE levels. Additionally, the decrease in NE extraction observed with PAH is reversible once PAP is reduced by surgical repair of the cardiac defect. PMID- 7110756 TI - The pharmacodynamic effectiveness of metoprolol in adolescent hypertension. AB - The effectiveness of metoprolol in achieving blood pressure control was studied in 16 hypertensive adolescents. The hypertensive included two insulin dependent diabetics, four patients with renal disease, and ten adolescents with essential hypertension. Dose range was 100-200 mg/day for 3-12 months. Significant reductions on metoprolol therapy were achieved for systolic blood pressure (SBP) (P less than 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (P less than 0.001), and heart rate (HR) (P less than 0.001). Side effects that had been present in previous therapy were absent. On metoprolol therapy the hyperkinetic cardiovascular response to mental stress was improved for SBP and HR. Exercise stress testing also resulted in a reduced SBP and HR, while endurance capacity was unimpaired. Metoprolol is effective in adolescent hypertension with negligible side effects. PMID- 7110758 TI - The electrophysiologic effects of procainamide in the immature heart. AB - The electrophysiologic effects of procainamide in young animals have not been established. To test the effects of this drug on the immature heart, we studied eight nonsedated, chronically instrumented puppies (age range 12-28 days, median 16 days; weight range 0.7-1.1 kg, median 0.8 kg). The electrophysiologic study was performed before and 30 minutes after procainamide was given intravenously (20 mg/kg infusion). At the time of the study, the serum concentrations of procainamide (8.2 +/- 1.7 micrograms/ml to 6.2 +/- 1.6 micrograms/ml; mean +/- SEM) were in the usual adult human therapeutic range (4-10 microgram/ml). Procainamide in puppies caused a significant lengthening of the atrial and ventricular refractory periods, a significant decrease of the sinus node recovery time and the sinus of atrial echo zone, a significant decrease in the heart rate, and a significant increase in the sinoatrial conduction time. PMID- 7110760 TI - Small bowel dilatation mimicking gastric dilatation. PMID- 7110759 TI - The effect of obesity on apparent volume of distribution of theophylline. AB - An oral theophylline product was given to eight lean, normal subjects and eight obese subjects (four with asthma and four normals) in a single-dose study. The mean apparent volume of distribution (Vd) was 0.472 +/- 0.08 liters/kg for the lean group and 0.321 +/- 0.063 liters/kg for the obese group (P less than 0.001). When Vd wax expressed in liters, there was no difference between the two groups (lean:26.9 +/- 6.0 liters, obese: 28.5 +/- 6.3 liters). An inverse relationship existed between the ratio of total body weight to ideal body weight (TBW/IBW) and Vd expressed in liters/kg. One obese subject was studied before and after a weight loss of about 32 kg. The values of Vd in this subject were 32.1 and 34.9 liters, respectively. These data indicated that theophylline is not extensively distributed into adipose tissue and that loading-dose calculations should be based on ideal body weight. No difference in clearance of theophylline was seen between the two groups. PMID- 7110761 TI - Radionuclide hepatobiliary imaging in congenital biliary tract ectasia (Caroli disease). PMID- 7110762 TI - Radionuclide hepatobiliary imaging in the detection of traumatic biliary tract disease in children. PMID- 7110764 TI - Ileo-ileocolic intussusception: radiological features and reducibility. PMID- 7110765 TI - Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of cephalohematoma due to pre-labor trauma. PMID- 7110763 TI - Congenital epithelial splenic cysts in children. Emphasis on sonographic appearances and some unusual features. AB - The clinical, radiographic and sonographic features of four children with congenital epithelial splenic cysts are described. All four cases presented with a left upper quadrant mass and few symptoms. In one case the spleen descended into the pelvis in the upright position. In three cases the sonographic findings showed the mass to be completely sonolucent. In the fourth case the mass was echogenic and echoes were distributed homogeneously throughout the mass. These internal echoes were due to the presence of fat droplets within the cyst fluid. Internal echoes may also be due to hemorrhage into the cyst. In all four cases a rim of splenic tissue was visible around part of the cyst. PMID- 7110766 TI - Contrast enema demonstration of a colon cut-off sign in a baby with perforated appendicitis. PMID- 7110767 TI - Ectopic spleen. A sonographic diagnosis. PMID- 7110768 TI - Congenital nephrosis: ultrasonographic features. PMID- 7110769 TI - Ultrasonographic diagnosis of uriniferous perirenal pseudocyst. AB - A child with a traumatic uriniferous perirenal pseudocyst was presented. The diagnosis was not made by routine radiological studies, but ultrasound examination demonstrated a perirenal fluid accumulation clearly. The usefulness of the ultrasound examination in the diagnosis of this condition was emphasized. The characteristic finding in ultrasonogram consists of a hydronephrotic kidney and its invagination into the echolucent mass. When perirenal cystic lesions are demonstrated by ultrasound, the junctional zone between the cyst and kidney should be carefully checked for signs of invagination of the kidney into the cyst. PMID- 7110770 TI - The effect of sleep state on active thermoregulation in the premature infant. AB - Alterations in thermoregulatory mechanisms related to sleep state may play an important role in the problems of homeostasis experienced by the premature infant. In the adult, homeothermic regulation of body temperature may be suspended during REM. We measured oxygen consumption (VO2) in six premature infants 33-35 wk gestation both at thermoneutrality and during a mild thermal stress to determine whether thermoregulatory responses were intact during REM sleep. All infants were studied under radiant warmers. Skin temperature was allowed to fall 7-8 times during a 6-8 h study period while VO2, VCO2, heart rate and TcPO2 were continuously recorded. Sleep state was scored using EEG, EOG, EMG and behavioral criteria. A total of 1,162 one-min epochs were scored. In all states including REM, VO2 was significantly higher during the cool periods. The mean increases: 21.5%, 23.3%, 11.1% and 5.3% for Awake, Indeterminate, REM and NREM respectively. When REM and NREM were compared at thermoneutrality, there was no difference in the VO2 (8.80 +/- 0.11 and 8.93 +/- 0.15 cc/kg/min, mean +/- S.E., for REM and NREM, respectively). We conclude that in contrast to the adult, active thermoregulation occurs in the premature infant during REM sleep. PMID- 7110771 TI - Interactions between human neutrophils and vaccinia virus: induction of oxidative metabolism and virus inactivation. AB - The possible role of human neutrophils (PMN) as direct effector cells against free live virus particles was tested in vitro. Oxygen consumption, production of chemiluminescence and "virus killing" by PMNs was examined during and after incubation of cells and live or dead vaccinia virus with and without specific antibody. Oxygen consumption and chemiluminescence production occurred with unopsonized live but not with inactivated virus and was greatly enhanced with opsonization. Virus titers were determined in PMN-free supernatant and freeze thawed cell pellet fractions after 15 min incubation. Reduction in titer from virus control was seen in supernatant fractions with and without opsonins, but in the cell fraction only with opsonins; the degree of reduction with opsonins was directly related to the opsonin source. PMNs from a patient with chronic granulomatous disease did not inhibit virus replication. These data suggest an active role for human PMNs in the genesis of and defense against virus infections and indicate areas for further investigation. PMID- 7110772 TI - Presence of abnormal amounts of dolichols in the urinary sediment of Batten disease patients. PMID- 7110773 TI - Suggestion of an abnormal anion exchange mechanism in sweat glands of cystic fibrosis patients. PMID- 7110774 TI - Development of chemotactic factor inactivation - a fetal lamb model. PMID- 7110775 TI - Evidence for a primary defect of pancreatic HCO3-secretion in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7110776 TI - The effect of lactose on the intestinal absorption of calcium and zinc in the rat during maturation. AB - Lactose facilitates the intestinal absorption of several minerals and trace elements in postweanling rats. There is no information in the literature on the effect of lactose on the process of absorption in suckling rats. Because soy and elemental formulas are nonlactose-containing diets, the role of lactose in facilitating the intestinal absorption of minerals is of considerable nutritional importance. We studied therefore, the effect of water (control), lactose, sucrose, and glucose on the intestinal absorption and tissue uptake of calcium and zinc in the suckling (14-15 day old) and adolescent (42-43 day old) rats. Our results indicate that absorption of calcium and zinc was significantly greater in the suckling than in adolescent rats (P less than 0.01). Lactose enhanced significantly the absorption and tissue uptake of calcium and zinc in the adolescent rats compared to control and other sugars. In the suckling rats lactose had no effect on the intestinal absorption or tissue uptake of calcium and zinc compared to control and other sugars. The possible mechanism(s) responsible for our findings are discussed. PMID- 7110777 TI - Arginine vasopressin levels during a painful stimulus in infancy. PMID- 7110778 TI - Pulmonary superoxide dismutase activity in the euthyroid and hypothyroid ovine fetus. AB - Pulmonary superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was measured in 11 euthyroid and 15 hypothyroid ovine fetuses at 130 days gestation. In the euthyroid fetus, the mean pulmonary SOD activity was similar in saline- and thyroxine-infused groups. Compared to the euthyroid fetus, the mean pulmonary SOD activity was significantly lower in the noninfused or saline-infused athyrotic fetus. Administration of thyroxine to the hypothyroid fetus results in a normalization of pulmonary SOD activity to control values. Thus, thyroxine appears to influence the maturation of pulmonary SOD activity in the ovine fetus during the third trimester. PMID- 7110779 TI - Vitamin E does not prevent oxygen-induced lung injury in newborn lambs. PMID- 7110780 TI - Premature aging of fibroblasts from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PMID- 7110781 TI - Maternal essential fatty acid supplementation increases zinc absorption in neonatal rats: relevance to the defect in zinc absorption in acrodermatitis enteropathica. AB - Pregnant zinc deficient and zinc adequate rats were injected subcutaneously with evening primrose oil throughout gestation and for 3 days post partum. The nursing pups were injected intragastrically with zinc-65 on day 3 of live and sacrifices 4 h later. The % of the total injected zinc recovered in the carcass (minus the gut and gut contents) was significantly increased in those pups nursed by mothers injected with evening primrose oil, regardless of their dietary zinc intake. The fatty acid composition of the total lipid extract of the gut and gut contents of the neonates with increased zinc-65 absorption indicated that these pups had higher proportions of arachidonic acid and other metabolites of linoleic acid than did those with lower zinc-65 absorption. In other 3-day-old rat pups, intragastric injection of linoleic, gamma-linolenic or dihomo-gamma-linolenic acids along with the dose of zinc-65 very significantly increased zinc-65 absorption in a dose-related manner. Arachidonic acid however had no significant effect on zinc-65 absorption. Prostaglandin E1 caused a significant increase in zinc-65 absorption but prostaglandin E2 had no consistent effect. Indomethacin caused a dose-related inhibition of zinc-65 absorption. PMID- 7110783 TI - Regulation of glucose production in newborn infants of diabetic mothers. AB - The glucose homeostasis in the infants of normal and diabetic mothers was elevated by examining the effects of exogenous glucose infusion at 4 mg/kg . min and quantifying the rats of glucose production and utilization. Five infants of insulin-dependent diabetic mothers (IDM), one infant of a gestationally diabetic mother and five infants of normal mothers were studied between 2-4 h of age. The rates of glucose production and utilization before and during glucose infusion were quantified by tracer dilution technique using [6,62H2] glucose tracer and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fractional glucose uptake (Kt) was measured at the end of infusion by administering 0.5 g/kg glucose pulse. All diabetic women were under rigid metabolic control during pregnancy. Although basal plasma glucose levels at e 2-4 h were lower in the IDMs as compared with normal newborns (43.4 +/- 3.7 and 65.2 +/- 3.6 mg/dl, mean +/- S.E., respectively), the glucose production and utilization rates were not significantly different (3.35 +/- 0.26 and 3.39 +/- 0.08 mg/kg . min); therefore, the metabolic clearance rates were higher inthe IDMs (7.69 +/- 0.41 ml/kg . min) as compared with the normal newborn infant (5.20 +/- 0.20 ml/kg . min). Glucose infusion resulted in a greater suppression of endogenous glucose production rate in the normal newborn infants than in the IDMs. Glucose infusion resulted in an acceleration of Kt in the normals (2.38 +/- 0.25%/min). We conclude that rigid regulation of maternal diabetes normalizes glucose production rate in IDM; however, intermittent maternal hyperglycemia may result in altered regulation of hepatic glucose production. PMID- 7110782 TI - IgE and IgD in human colostrum and plasma. AB - Using radioimmunoassay techniques, we measured IgE and IgD levels in paired colostrum and plasma samples obtained within 4 days postpartum. In colostrum, IgE was detected in concentrations of 0.5-6 IU/ml in 16 out of 39 samples (41%) and less than 0.5 IU/ml in the remainder, whereas IgD was detected in all samples in concentrations of 2-2000 micrograms/dl. Only a moderate correlation was found between colostral and plasma levels of both IgE (r = +0.60) and IgD (r = +0.74). The correlation coefficient between IgE and IgD in plasma was 0.23, whereas in colostrum it was only 0.05. The colostrum:plasma ratio of IgE varied strikingly from that of IgD; the ratio of IgD was 0.1-22.2 times that of IgE. The findings argue against passive transfer of IgE and IgD from the circulation of milk and suggest possible local mammary production of either or both of these two immunoglobulins. PMID- 7110784 TI - Reflex apnea from laryngeal chemo-stimulation in the sleeping premature newborn lamb. AB - The laryngeal chemoreflex was studied during quiet and REM sleep and wakefulness in premature newborn lambs. The response to reflex stimulation with a 5 sec-water infusion was evaluated during 30 sec, as % change in ventilation, heart rate and blood pressure. Apnea, hypertension and bradycardia were more pronounced during sleep than during wakefulness, when arousal was not associated with the stimulation. The response was similar during quiet and REM sleep. Arousal, which occurred in 24 and 31% of the tests respectively, resulted in a response comparable to that seen during wakefulness. The respiratory drive was evaluated by measurement of the mean inspiratory flow and was found to be decreased during both sleep states when compared to wakefulness. We propose that during sleep in the newborn period there is a decreased ability to respond to asphyxia possibly due to a functional immaturity of the arterial chemoreceptors. This results in a low incidence of arousal and a delayed termination of the pronounced poststimulus apnea resulting from laryngeal chemoreflex stimulation. PMID- 7110785 TI - Effects of theophylline on the neonatal immune response. AB - Theophylline has recently shown to affect lymphocyte reactivity. In view of its widespread use in newborn intensive care units, the effects of both lymphocyte proliferation and immunoglobulin production at varied theophylline concentrations were measured. In 12 adults and 10 term infants lymphocyte proliferation, as assessed by a whole blood micromethod, was significantly decreased in vitro at 7.5 micrograms/ml. Immunoglobulin production in adults was decreased, by both a plaque forming cell assay and a radioimmunoassay in vitro at 12.5 micrograms/ml. Ten premature infants on theophylline, mean serum level 7.8 +/- 0.4 micrograms/ml, followed for 3-5 wk, showed a slight increase in lymphocyte proliferative responses to pokeweed mitogen. These data demonstrate no in vivo suppression of lymphocyte proliferation in theophylline-treated neonates at low theophylline levels. PMID- 7110786 TI - The nucleotide profile of human milk. AB - To further identify and characterize the nitrogen fraction of human milk, nucleotide and total nitrogen contents were determined using high pressure liquid chromatography and Kjeldahl analyses. Five lactating women were followed longitudinally. Each provided 16 milk samples (8-10 ml each) collected before and after a single nursing, and in the morning and afternoon of a single day. This collection scheme was followed at 2, 4, 8, and 12 wk postpartum. The variance pattern of nucleotides was observed to be distinct from that of total nitrogen. As the lactation period progressed from wk 2 to 12 postpartum, levels of cytidine 5' monophosphate and adenosine 5' monophosphate declined from 594 to 321 micrograms/100 ml and from 244 to 143 micrograms/100 ml, respectively, whereas levels of inosine 5' monophosphate increased from 158 to 290 micrograms/100 ml and levels of total nucleotide nitrogen remained constant. Nucleotide nitrogen accounted for approximately 0.1-0.15% of the total nitrogen content of human milk samples analyzed. Total concentration of human milk was observed to decrease as lactation progressed and to be higher in afternoon than in morning samples. The nucleotide profile of human milk was characteristically different from that of other milks commonly used an infant feeding. It is estimated that an infant consuming human milk as a principal nutrition source would ingest 1.4-2.1 mg of nucleotide nitrogen per day. PMID- 7110787 TI - UV-induced chromosome aberrations, sister-chromatid exchanges and cell survival in cultured lymphocytes from malnourished children. AB - Cultured lymphocytes from children with kwashiorkor and from normal children were examined for their susceptibility to ultraviolet (UV)-induced chromosome aberrations, sister-chromatid exchanges and cell survival. Cells from kwashiorkor exhibited increased chromosome aberrations, but not sister-chromatid exchanges, when exposed to higher doses of UV. Furthermore, when cells from these patients were exposed to higher doses of UV, there was a significant reduction in viability. These results indicate that, as compared to normals, cells from kwashiorkor were more sensitive to the lethal effects of UV. PMID- 7110789 TI - The pattern of bilirubin response to phototherapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia. AB - The pattern of bilirubin response to phototherapy was studied using lamps with an emission spectrum closely similar to the bilirubin absorption spectrum. A dose response relationship was demonstrated, with increased intensity of phototherapy resulting in greater response; however, the rate of bilirubin decline progressively decreased with increasing radiance till a 'saturation' point was reached, beyond which no further response occurred with further increase in radiance, suggesting a curvilinear relationship of the nature of an asymptotic regression. At the 'saturation' point, a 24-h decline of about 50% was achieved. With extended periods of phototherapy, a gradually decreasing response to phototherapy with declining bilirubin levels was observed, both with maximal or moderate intensity phototherapy; an exponential regression was suggested. At about 5 mg/dl little further decline was observed with continued phototherapy. The rate of the 24-h decline evaluated at 6-h intervals was observed to be proportional to the bilirubin level at the start of the 24-h period. PMID- 7110788 TI - Lipid, lipoprotein and APO-A and APO-B lipoprotein distribution in Italian and Swiss schoolchildren. The Geneva survey. AB - Cholesterol and triglyceride lipid, lipoprotein as well as apolipoprotein A and B levels, are presented for Italian and Swiss schoolchildren of similar socio economic origin, living in Geneva, and ranging in age from 8-9 and 14-15 years. This cross-sectional study revealed some differences associated with the ethnic origin of the participants. Furthermore subtle changes were related to age, associated with puberty and were sex-specific. Apolipoprotein A and B levels were found to be significantly related to age and less significantly to sex, whereas apolipoprotein A levels decrease with puberty, apolipoprotein B levels increase slightly. Of the 387 Italian and the 416 Swiss participants, 173 Italian and 193 Swiss children had a complete lipoprotein examination including apolipoprotein determination, whereas serum cholesterol and serum triglycerides were studied in the total group. PMID- 7110790 TI - Role of calcium-phosphate ratio of milk formulae on calcium balance in low weight infants during the first three days of life. PMID- 7110792 TI - Neonatal iminoglycinuria: evidence that the prolinuria originates in selective deficiency of transport activity in the proximal nephron. AB - We investigated the process of neonatal hyperprolinuria in dog and rat. Plasma proline varied only 2-fold in the puppy whereas prolinuria increased up to 12 food from birth to the 10th day declining thereafter to reach adult values (less than 0.1 mumole/mg creatine) by the third wk. Stop-flow analysis in puppies (less than 17 days old, n = 3) and one adult dog revealed that backflux of proline in distal nephron is not the source of neonatal hyperprolinuria. Prolinuria occurs in the Long-Evans rat pup during the first postnatal wk. We measured net uptake of L-proline at low (0.2 mM) and high (5 mM) concentrations by tubule fragments prepared form newborn and adult kidneys. At both concentrations and at initial rates, uptake was similar in newborn and mature tubules; at or near steady-state, tubules of newborn kidney had greater net uptake relative to mature kidney, apparently because efflux is attenuated. A difference in metabolic runout did not explain the difference in proline uptake by newborn kidney. Tubules from pups less than 7 days old did not exclude the competitive inhibitor AIB from interacting with proline uptake at o.2 mM when compared with mature kidney, (p = 0.005). These findings imply that transport of proline on the previously described proline-preferring high-affinity system is deficient in proximal nephron of newborn kidney. PMID- 7110791 TI - The levels of plasma cholesterol in the human fetus throughout gestation. AB - The present study was undertaken to define the umbilical cord plasma concentrations of cholesterol throughout human gestation. Mixed arterial and venous cord plasma samples obtained from abortuses of women undergoing elective abortion or from infants of women who underwent spontaneous premature vaginal delivery, and from infants of women who delivered vaginally at term were assayed for cholesterol by a micro-enzymatic method. No cases that involved any maternal or fetal complications (other than prematurity) were included in this study. Early in gestation (10-16 weeks post-conception), the total cholesterol level in cord plasma was 85.4 +/- 30.7 mg/dl (mean +/- SD), N = 68, with the cholesterol levels in some samples falling within the range of those of adults. Between 16.5 and 20 weeks post-conception, the umbilical cord plasma cholesterol level declined to 39.9 +/- 21.0 mg/dl, n = 19 (P less than 0.001). The cholesterol concentration in umbilical cord plasma then rose to 67.8 +/- 24.0 mg/dl, n = 17 (P less than 0.01) between 26.5 and 32 weeks of gestation. Thereafter, a second decline in the umbilical cord plasma cholesterol level occurred, with the values at 32.5-36 weeks being 58.4 +/- 13.6 mg/dl (n = 16), and at 36.5 to 40 weeks post conception (term) being 51.4 +/- 11.5 mg/dl, n = 44 (P less than 0.01 vs. 26.5-32 wks). We suggest that the observed changes in fetal cholesterol levels could be related to alterations during development in the rates of lipoprotein-cholesterol biosynthesis and subsequent clearance from plasma by the fetal adrenals wherein cholesterol is used as substrate for steroid biosynthesis. PMID- 7110794 TI - [Bronchopulmonary changes caused by foreign bodies in the tracheobronchial tree]. PMID- 7110795 TI - [Klebsiella infections in infants and small children]. PMID- 7110793 TI - [Absorption of various trace elements from milk products for infants. Absorption of iron and copper from humanized milk Lactovit O]. PMID- 7110796 TI - [Changes in various parameters of humoral and cell-mediated immunity in children with chronic lymphadenopathy and lymphatic system hypertrophy]. PMID- 7110797 TI - [Salmonellosis and airway infections in infants]. PMID- 7110799 TI - [Foreign body remaining 2 months in the upper pharynx]. PMID- 7110798 TI - [Goodpasture's syndrome]. PMID- 7110800 TI - [3 cases of intrauterine infection in newborn infants]. PMID- 7110801 TI - [Lactation determining factors in breast-feeding women]. PMID- 7110802 TI - [Corticosteroid treatment of asthma in children with particular reference to their effect on hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenal axis]. PMID- 7110803 TI - [New etiological factors in pneumonia: Chlamydia trachomatis and Legionella pneumophila]. PMID- 7110804 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the fetal age of newborn infants]. PMID- 7110805 TI - [Psychomotor development of children with neonatal pathology during the first 2 years of life]. PMID- 7110806 TI - An evaluation of the initial treatment of acute asthma. AB - Two treatment regimens for the initial treatment of acute asthma in 50 patients between the ages of 12 and 20 years seen in the emergency room were evaluated. The treatments were randomized such that 26 patients received 2.5 mg of the beta 2-agonist fenoterol by nebulizer and 24 patients received 0.3 mg of epinephrine followed by 0.75 mg of Sus-Phrine. Clinical assessment and spirometry were performed over a two-hour period. Both groups responded within ten minutes and peak improvement was reached within one hour. Peak expiratory flow and clinical score were better following fenoterol treatment in the first hour (P less than .05). The one-second forced expiratory volume and the forced expiratory flow in the middle half of the vital capacity were greater at 20 minutes with fenoterol (P less than .05). Those with more severe obstruction (forced expiratory volume less than 30%) receiving aerosol therapy also had significantly greater improvement in the first 20 minutes compared with those who received injections. Four patients failed to respond to epinephrine whereas all patients showed improvement with fenoterol (P less than .05). These results demonstrated that an inhaled beta 2-agonist is effective in the initial treatment of acute asthma in children, regardless of severity, and avoids the need for injections. PMID- 7110807 TI - Hemorrhagic pityriasis rosea: an unusual variant. PMID- 7110808 TI - Renal calcifications: a complication of long-term furosemide therapy in preterm infants. AB - During the last four years ten premature infants developed renal calcifications while receiving long-term furosemide therapy. The drug was used in infants with present ductus arteriosus and later in the same infants with chronic lung disease. They had received furosemide in a dose of at least 2 mg/kg/day for at least 12 days before calcifications were noted on abdominal roentgenograms. Calcifications included small flecks, isolated stones, staghorn calculi, and nephrocalcinosis. Analysis of stones received from our infants showed calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate. Infants who were not receiving furosemide had no calcifications. The infants with renal calcifications had rates of calcium excretion ten to 20 times that of normal, age-matched premature infants in our nursery. When chlorothiazide was given to the infants, in addition to furosemide, a four- to 15-fold decrease in calcium excretion and a radiologic dissolution of the renal calcifications were documented. It is concluded that furosemide, in doses of at least 2 mg/kg/day for at least 12 days can be associated with renal calcifications. The probable mechanism of the stone formation is hypercalciuria, primarily caused by furosemide. PMID- 7110809 TI - Severe hemolytic anemia in black children with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. AB - The clinical spectrum of hemolytic anemia as a consequence of oxidant stress in black children deficient in erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6 PD) has not been well described in the pediatric literature. During a 3 1/2-year period 14 hospitalized black G-6-PD-deficient children with moderate to severe hemolytic reactions were studied. The vast majority (13/14) were boys and were less than 3 years of age. Nine of the patients required blood transfusion. Eleven of the 14 episodes occurred with infection (five bacterial, six viral); those children with viral syndromes tended to have more severe hemolysis. Naphthalene was responsible for three episodes, but oxidant drugs were implicated in no instances. Findings on the blood smears of most subjects included irregular dense misshapen erythrocytes with asymmetrical distribution of hemoglobin and an adjacent membrane-bound clear zone ("eccentrocytes"). It is concluded that hemolytic reactions in the black G-6-PD-deficient child may be severe, are most commonly associated with infection, and are frequently characterized by distinctive erythrocyte morphology. PMID- 7110810 TI - Rapid elimination of quinidine in pediatric patients. AB - The oral absorption and elimination of quinidine in pediatric patients was studied. Single oral doses of quinidine sulfate were administered to 13 patients ranging in age from 4 to 22 years of age. Serum quinidine concentration reached a peak within 30 minutes to two hours after drug administration. The serum half life of quinidine varied from 2.5 to 6.7 hours and was, on the average, shorter than the reported estimates for adult volunteers and cardiac patients (means ranging from 4.9 to 7.3 hours). Hence more frequent dosing or the use of slow release preparations may be necessary in some pediatric patients in order to avoid excessive fluctuation in serum drug concentrations over a dosage interval. The oral dose clearance of quinidine (ie, oral dose divided by the area under the serum concentration time curve) varied over a threefold range, from 0.151 to 0.570 liter/hr/kg, and was found to correlate inversely with age (r = .80). In comparison with mean clearance estimates that have been reported for normal adult volunteers (0.293 +/- 0.078 liter/hr/kg), children less than 12 years of age (0.461 +/- 0.117 liter/hr/kg) were found to have significantly higher clearances, whereas no difference was observed between older children (0.287 +/- 0.101 liter/hr/kg) and adults. Inasmuch as the average steady-state serum drug concentration for a given daily maintenance dose is directly related to clearance rate, children less than 12 years of age may require a higher dosage of quinidine on a per kilogram of body weight basis. Proper selection of quinidine dosage, careful adjustment of dosage according to age, and regular monitoring of drug response and serum drug concentration are essential steps to a rational management of quinidine therapy in children. PMID- 7110811 TI - Use of tetrahydropterins in the treatment of hyperphenylalaninemia due to defective synthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin: evidence that peripherally administered tetrahydropterins enter the brain. AB - Substantial amounts of tetrahydrobiopterin and 6-methyltetrahydropterin can be detected in CSF when these pterins are given peripherally to patients with hyperphenylalaninemia due to defective biopterin synthesis. Results of this study suggest that administration of either of these pterins in proper doses may prove to be a treatment not only for the impaired peripheral phenylalanine metabolism, but also for the neurologic disorders that are characteristic of the variant forms of hyperphenylalaninemia due to defective tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis or metabolism. PMID- 7110812 TI - Ultrasonographic detection of perinatal intracerebellar hemorrhage. AB - Intracerebellar hemorrhage in premature infants represents a life-threatening event. Prompt diagnosis of this form of intracranial hemorrhage is crucial, as surgical intervention may dramatically improve the prognosis. Whereas clinical signs associated with posterior fossa pathology in infants remain nonspecific, ultrasound provides a rapid, noninvasive means of identifying this potentially treatable abnormality. A case is presented. PMID- 7110813 TI - The dimension of inattention among children with school problems. AB - Within a population of children referred for school-related problems, youngsters with significant attention deficits were compared with children having other types of learning problems. Using data from parent and teacher questionnaires as well as results of multidisciplinary team assessments, each patient was assigned either to a group with significant attention deficits or to one with learning problems, but fewer, if any, problems with attention. Disagreement between observation sources was demonstrated. Children qualifying for the significant attention deficit group were characterized by a greater likelihood of having behavioral problems during the toddler and preschool years. They also had a higher prevalence of minor neurologic signs and difficulty on tests of language development. Their current behavioral and adjustment problems seemed to be more severe and widespread than those of the youngsters with whom they were compared. No major intergroup differences were observed with regard to age at referral, socioeconomic status, family history of learning and behavior problems, perinatal health risks, or psychosocial difficulties. There was considerable historic and symptomatic overlap between the two groups, suggesting that the clinical picture characteristic of significant attention deficits is relatively nonspecific and is either a primary or secondary finding in a large proportion of a heterogeneous population of children experiencing difficulties in school. PMID- 7110814 TI - Physician communication with children and parents. AB - The way physicians communicate with patients has been shown to affect physiologic measurements, adherence to therapeutic regimens, and satisfaction with medical care. The purpose of this study was to document the content of medical interviews in routine pediatric visits and to identify demographic and situational characteristics that influenced the extent of communication between doctor and child. One hundred fifteen office visits to 49 physicians were videotaped and analyzed. Children studied were 4 to 14 years old with a mean age of 8.5 years. Verbal transactions were coded according to direction of communication, transaction type, and content category. Coder reliability for this system was 0.84. A considerable amount of the total communication, 45.5%, was between doctor and child. Doctors interacted differently with parents and children. More information about the current problem was obtained from children; physicians provided feedback primarily to parents. Parents received 4.4. times as much information as children about the nature and prognosis of a condition. The extent to which doctors talked to children in "substantive" areas was primarily associated with a child's age (r = .52, P less than .001) but was partly influenced by family size (r = .20, P less than .05) and family utilization (r = .22, P less than .02). Race, socioeconomic status, type of problem, and previous encounter with the examining physician did not alter communication patterns. Boys were given more information than girls (6.5% vs 4.0%, P less than .01). We suggest a theoretical framework for future investigation and teaching that identifies the child as an active participant in the medical process. PMID- 7110815 TI - Echocardiographically assisted balloon atrial septostomy. AB - Balloon atrial septostomy is an accepted method for palliation of certain types of congenital heart disease. However, malposition of the balloon may lead to cardiac perforation, avulsion of an atrioventricular valve, or laceration of the systemic or pulmonary veins. Inasmuch as single-phase fluoroscopy may not identify balloon position correctly and as biplane fluoroscopy adds significant radiation exposure, two-dimensional echocardiography has been used to assist in balloon atrial septostomy in ten infants. The catheter is advanced from the inferior vena cava to the right atrium across the foramen ovale to the left atrium with the echo transducer in the subxiphoid position. The balloon is inflated and its position within the left atrium is confirmed by echo. The catheter is withdrawn according to the technique of Rashkind. Withdrawal is halted when the balloon traverses the atrial septum. Adequate septostomy is indicated on echo by a defect at least 5 mm in diameter and by flapping of the inferior rim of the atrial septum. There were no complications using this technique and a clinically adequate septostomy was achieved in each patient. Two dimensional echocardiography-assisted balloon atrial septostomy minimizes risk of complications and decreases exposure to ionizing radiation. PMID- 7110816 TI - Cancer in neonates: the experience at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. AB - Among 22 neonates treated at the Children's Cancer Research Center of Philadelphia, 11 had neuroblastoma, which in two cases was widely metastatic. There were three infants with teratoma, three with sarcoma, three with leukemia, one with Wilms' tumor, and one with parotid carcinoma. Nine of eleven patients (82%) are long-term survivors following complete surgical excision of tumor, whereas only one of eight (13%) has survived following incomplete surgical excision. All three neonates with leukemia died. The overall two-year actuarial survival is 45% (10/22). The problems associated with treating neonates with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or both are especially difficult because of the immaturity of the organs and structures. Surgical excision alone has been the treatment of choice for solid tumors. Chemotherapy or radiation therapy, when indicated, require careful monitoring for both acute toxicities and potential long-term morbidities. PMID- 7110818 TI - Eosinophilic nonallergic rhinitis in children. AB - Eosinophilic nonallergic rhinitis is a newly described symptom complex reported to occur in a significant percentage of adult patients who have symptoms of perennial rhinitis. They are characterized by nasal eosinophilia, negative allergy skin tests, and a normal serum immunoglobulin E concentration. Twelve children, aged 6 to 17 years, who represent the syndrome of eosinophilic nonallergic rhinitis, have been identified. All have severe perennial rhinitis and nasal eosinophilia. Physical examination revealed pale, boggy membranes with a clear nasal discharge in ten of 12 patients. All 12 patients had a normal serum IgE concentration. All patients initially received an antihistamine-decongestant preparation with subjective improvement in seven of 12 patients. The remaining five patients were placed on a regimen of either topical or systemic steroids and all five had dramatic responses with marked improvement of symptoms. The negative skin tests and normal serum IgE help distinguish this entity from allergic rhinitis, whereas the positive nasal eosinophilia and response to steroids will differentiate eosinophilic nonallergic rhinitis from vasomotor rhinitis. Eosinophilic nonallergic rhinitis is an important cause of perennial rhinitis in children and better knowledge of this entity should lead to more aggressive and efficacious therapy. PMID- 7110817 TI - Hyperphenylalaninemia due to dihydropteridine reductase deficiency: diagnosis by enzyme assays on dried blood spots. AB - Enzymatic diagnosis of hyperphenylalaninemia due to a deficiency of dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR) has previously been made by assay on liver biopsy samples, cultured skin fibroblasts, cultured lymphoid cell lines, or peripheral leukocytes. These procedures have some disadvantages for the purpose of early diagnosis of the disease. A simple method of DHPR assay using erythrocytes or dried blood spots on filter papers is described. The mean DHPR activity erythrocytes of control subjects was 3.20 +/- 0.70 (SD) nmoles/min/mg of hemoglobin, those of two patients were undetectable, and those of obligate heterozygotes for DHPR deficiency were approximately 50% of the mean control value. The assay on erythrocytes required only a 5-microliters volume of whole blood for one test. The DHPR activities in dried blood spots on filter papers from 100 normal newborns were 5.77 +/- 1.16 nmoles/min per 5-mm diameter disc; those from normal older infants, children, and adults were 3.37 +/- 0.72 nmoles/min per disc; and those from two adolescent patients with DHPR deficiency were undetectable. No false-positive results were obtained. The stability of DHPR in dried blood on filter papers was enough to mail samples in an ordinary form to a specialist laboratory. The DHPR assay on erythrocytes of dried blood spots can be easily applied to all newborn infants with hyperphenylalaninemia detected using the Guthrie tests, and will facilitate the quick and confirmative detection of DHPR deficiency among them. PMID- 7110819 TI - Persistent neonatal hypoglycemia due to hyperinsulinism: medical aspects. AB - Eight neonates with persistent hypoglycemia were seen over a four-year period and a ninth infant with neonatal onset was treated from 9 months of age. Seven infants had high absolute insulin levels (range 12 to 50 microunits/ml) during hypoglycemia whereas two patients had normal levels which were, however, inappropriate for the low blood glucose levels. Six patients with severe intractable hypoglycemia resistant to intensive medical therapy (including high dose diazoxide) had partial or total pancreatectomy, whereas three with relatively controllable hypoglycemia eventually had spontaneous remissions. In one of the medically treated patients, remission occurred at the unusually early age of 4 months. In the six surgically treated patients and in a seventh patient who had a biopsy only, the pancreas showed characteristic pathologic changes compatible with those described as nesidioblastosis or "endocrine-cell dysplasia." Of the six patients followed up for greater than or equal to 24 months, four have normal psychomotor development, despite periods of arrested head growth in early infancy in three of them. PMID- 7110820 TI - Incidence of mitral valve prolapse in adolescent scoliosis and thoracic hypokyphosis. AB - Seventy-four patients with adolescent scoliosis underwent cardiac examination and M-mode echocardiography to detect the presence of mitral valve prolapse (MVP). Twenty-one (28%) had echocardiographic evidence of MVP, whereas 18 had auscultatory findings of a nonejection click or late systolic murmur. A subset of 41 patients had a family history of scoliosis and 37% had MVP. The incidence of MVP increased to 41% when a first degree relative, such as a sibling, parent, or offspring, had scoliosis. Thirty-six patients with scoliosis had additional thoracic hypokyphosis (straight back) and 13 (36%) had MVP. The incidence of MVP was 48% when the scoliosis and hypokyphosis were hereditary and increased to 53% when a familial history of skeletal abnormality was present. This study indicates a high incidence of MVP in patients with scoliosis and hypokyphosis, especially when the cardiac and skeletal systems may be affected by a generalized soft tissue defect. PMID- 7110821 TI - Transcutaneous bilirubin measurements in full-term infants. AB - A total of 292 transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) measurements were performed in 157 white full-term infants: 157 were obtained from the forehead and 135 from the midsternum. TcB measurements correlated well with serum bilirubin determinations (r = .93, P less than .0001). The sensitivity of the test was 100% and the specificity 97%. It was possible to establish guidelines for the TcB measurement which identified all infants whose serum bilirubin concentrations exceeded 12.9 mg/100 ml (221 mumoles/liter) with no false-negative and only five false-positive determinations (3%). The positive predictive value for the TcB measurements was 58%. This implies that, in our population, an infant with a TcB index greater than or equal to 24 has a 58% chance of having a serum bilirubin concentration greater than 12.9 mg/100 ml. The negative predictive value was 100%. Thus, a negative test will correctly predict the absence of hyperbilirubinemia in all cases. As these measurements were obtained prospectively in a well-baby population with a prevalence of hyperbilirubinemia (greater than 12.9 mg/100 ml) of 4.5%, the positive predictive value should be applicable to other similar populations and will, in fact, increase in populations with a higher prevalence of hyperbilirubinemia. TcB measurements can be recommended for the identification of significant neonatal jaundice in full-term infants. It is important to recognize, however, that because of potential variations in TcB meters as well as serum bilirubin measurements in different laboratories, each institution should establish its own criteria for the use of this instrument. PMID- 7110822 TI - Fab fragments of digoxin-specific antibodies used to reverse ventricular fibrillation induced by digoxin ingestion in a child. AB - Digitalis poisoning is a rare problem in children, but it may be life threatening. A case of massive overdose of digoxin in a 2 1/2-year-old boy that produced prolonged ventricular fibrillation refractory to conventional therapy is reported. After two hours the boy was given digoxin-specific Fab fragments of antibody in sufficient quantity to bind his estimated dose of 10 mg. By completion of the treatment minutes later, normal rhythm and circulation were restored. The serum free digoxin level before antibody administration was greater than 100 ng/ml, and it rapidly fell to undetectable levels after antibody was given. Digoxin bound to the antibody had a clearance half-life of approximately 48 hours. The child had no apparent neurologic damage and his intellectual function was normal on discharge. He had a transient hematuria and a residual incomplete right bundle branch block. Administration of purified Fab fragments of digoxin-specific antibodies can be life saving in children with digitalis poisoning, and prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation in children is justified when the cause of cardiac arrest is potentially reversible. PMID- 7110824 TI - Canalization of early psychological development. AB - Recent research on the infant and young child suggests that the maturation of cognitive abilities and biologicaly based temperamental dispositions plays an important role in early psychological development. The enhancement of the cognitive competence of retrieval memory displayed during the end of the first year is a prerequisite for the universal fears of infancy, and the capacities for empathy and inference appear to be necessary for the development of standards on aggression. The temperamental disposition to display inhibition and distress to the unfamiliar appears to be a stable and significant characteristic of children in the second year of life. PMID- 7110823 TI - Massive digoxin poisoning treated with Fab fragments of digoxin-specific antibodies. PMID- 7110825 TI - Antibody therapy of digoxin intoxication. PMID- 7110826 TI - American Academy of Pediatrics Joint Committee on Infant hearing: Position statement 1982. PMID- 7110828 TI - Water-soluble vitamin D in human milk: a myth. PMID- 7110829 TI - Tuberculosis returns. PMID- 7110827 TI - Theophylline dosage. PMID- 7110830 TI - Neonatal hospice program. PMID- 7110831 TI - On benzoate therapy for ammonia toxicity. PMID- 7110832 TI - Molested children. PMID- 7110833 TI - Neonatal fever. PMID- 7110834 TI - Newborn screening for phenylketonuria. PMID- 7110836 TI - Theophylline toxicity and viral infections. PMID- 7110837 TI - Covert administration of benzyl alcohol to neonates. PMID- 7110835 TI - Penicillin and acute rheumatic fever. PMID- 7110838 TI - [Problems of antibiotic therapy in pediatrics]. PMID- 7110839 TI - [Treatment with continuous transpulmonary pressure and with intermittent positive pressure respiration, through nasal cannulas, of a newborn girl with the narcotic withdrawal syndrome and apnea crisis]. PMID- 7110841 TI - [Cold injuries in children. Experiences of the earthquake of November 1980 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7110842 TI - The Porteus Maze Test in the measurement of reflection/impulsivity. AB - This study investigated the use of the Porteus Maze test as a measure of reflection/impulsivity when used with both normal and retarded subjects. Study 1 (N = 90) provided sample data for three equal groups of 30 adolescent students in the regular school. These were defined as above average, average, and below average in general intelligence. In addition to measures of qualitative and quantitative scoring, data were also available from Kagan's Matching Familiar Figures Test and a specially constructed Teachers' Rating Scale. The below average group showed a significantly more impulsive approach. There was evidence of the concurrent validity of Porteus Maze as shown in substantial correlations with the other variables. Study 2 investigated the use of the Porteus Maze with 41 mildly intellectually handicapped adolescents. The data were in keeping with those obtained from a below-average group in Study 1. PMID- 7110840 TI - [Glycerol test in thalassemia diagnosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7110843 TI - Validity of a primary screening device as a predictor of subsequent academic achievement. AB - Correlations among scores on motor, visual, auditory, and language subscales of a primary device, Yellow Brick Road, with subsequent academic achievement on Comprehensive Test of Basic Skills were moderate (.35 to .81). Comparisons of the third grade boys (n, 113) and girls (n, 111) on the screening device yielded little difference. Implications for screening and educational strategies were discussed. PMID- 7110844 TI - Reasons for staff turnover at a summer camp for mentally retarded children and adults. PMID- 7110845 TI - Cerebral dominance and muscle tone at rest. AB - This study examined some aspects of the relationship between muscle tone at rest and cerebral dominance. Right and left EMG recordings of sternocleidomastoid, trapezium, orbicularis oculi, and frontalis muscles were taken on 40 female subjects between 19 and 30 yr. of age. Analysis of total score for right and left muscles gave three groups: right-dominant subjects with higher myographic score on the right (42.5%), left-dominant subjects with higher myographic score on the left (52.5%), and non-dominant subjects with no difference between right and left myographic score (5%). Moreover, right-dominant subjects showed a greater right left difference for the sternocleidomastoid, the trapezium, and the frontalis, left-dominant subjects for the trapezium and the frontalis. PMID- 7110846 TI - Vibration effects on three measures of relaxation. AB - The effect of vibrotactile stimulation on relaxation as measured by EMG recording of the frontalis and trapezius muscles and by subjective report was assessed. It was predicted that low-frequency vibrotactile stimulation (less than 70 Hz) would facilitate muscle relaxation when measured by both EMG frontalis and trapezius recordings and by subjective report. The participants (8 male and 8 female) were randomly assigned to split-plot, before/after design consisting of four between subjects treatments and one within-subjects treatment (pre- and post-treatment). The between-subjects treatments were footrest vibration, backrest vibration, footrest-backrest vibration combined, and control. The within-subjects treatment included pre- and post-treatment levels. Results of repeated-measures analyses of variance on each set of data yielded a significant change from pre- to posttreatment condition on all EMG and subjective report measures of muscle tension except the control. The utility of using EMG as a measure of relaxation is discussed. PMID- 7110847 TI - Inhibition of motor movement in children with learning disabilities. PMID- 7110848 TI - Sex differences in critical flicker frequency. PMID- 7110850 TI - Interactive effects of color realism and learners' IQ on effectiveness of visual instruction. PMID- 7110851 TI - Tactile sensitivity to two types of stimulation: continuous and discrete shifting of a point stimulus. AB - Tactile sensitivity to shifts of a point stimulus was determined at the forehead for spatially filled (continuous) and spatially separated (discrete) stimulation. The minimal limen was between 12 and 30 mm/sec. for continuous stimulation and at a 200-msec. interstimulus interval for discrete stimulation. The continuous thresholds were always lower than the discrete thresholds at the examined time rates. Furthermore, the continuous thresholds were slightly higher for oblique directions than for both vertical and horizontal directions, while the discrete thresholds were quite low for both vertical and horizontal directions. PMID- 7110852 TI - Language disorders and prognosis for reading disabilities in developmental age. AB - 2 groups of language-disordered children were studied regarding the reading levels reached at the end of the first year of school. The first group was composed by children with language retardation mainly on phonological level, the second group was composed by children with retardation also on semantic-syntactic level. The results confirmed the strong association between reading disability and language disorders and yielded significant differences between the two groups: the reading achievement seemed to be associated mainly to semantic and syntactic competences. PMID- 7110853 TI - Perception of an aggressive interaction as a function of the perceiver's aggression. AB - This research examined whether persons high or low in naturally occurring aggression differ in attributions made to others engaged in an aggressive interaction. All participants were shown a videotaped aggressive exchange after which they completed a standard person-perception questionnaire and a self-report used to separate them into groups of persons high and low in aggression. The salience of the more aggressive stimulus person was manipulated as a means of relating results to existing findings and theory in person perception. Five of the seven dependent measures show effects of level of aggression consistent with prediction of more negative perceptions by persons high in aggression than by persons low in aggression. Level of aggression often interacts with salience and stimulus person, and some of these complex interactions are not easily interpretable. However, persons high in aggression than by persons low in aggression. Level of aggression often interacts with salience and stimulus person, and some of these complex interactions are not easily interpretable. However, persons high in aggression perceive greater injury, negative reactions, and domineering in such situations and make greater causal distinction among stimulus persons. PMID- 7110849 TI - Effect of contextual priming in visual vs auditory presentation. PMID- 7110854 TI - Role of the frontal lobes on an attention task: a signal detection analysis. AB - Sensitivity and criterion were studied on an attention task requiring detection of new stimuli for a group of 20 patients with unilateral hemispheric damage restricted to the anterior or posterior areas. Patients performed a simple attention task, in which the presence of a novel stimulus had to be detected against the repetition of the same stimulus repeated. Only the site of the lesion (anterior vs posterior damage) influenced the performance of the task. In fact, frontal patients had both lower capacity to discriminate between signals and nonsignals and lower confidence in their responses. PMID- 7110855 TI - Lateralization of sensory and motor functions in human neonates. AB - Lateral differences in some motor and sensory functions were examined in 89 full term normal newborns, 2 to 4 days old. They were divided in two groups, according to the cerebral dominance in the family: Group A (70 subjects), offspring of right-handed parents and siblings, and Group B (19 subjects), with at least one parent or sibling left-handed or ambidextrous. Only subjects of Group A showed a marked tendency to spend more time with the head to right as opposed to the left, to turn right after release from the midline position, to have their heads right 5 min. later, to lead with the right leg on the placing response. The two groups were significantly different from each other on these tests. Differences were not observed for stepping, tactile responses, asymmetrical tonic neck reactions in either of the two groups. The results confirm the existence of lateral differentiations of neurological functions in the newborn and stress the presence of genetic factors in these phenomena. PMID- 7110856 TI - Relationships between McCarthy Scales of children's abilities and teachers' ratings of school achievement. AB - This study investigated how well the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities correlated with teachers' ratings of children's academic achievement. The McCarthy Scales are useful in predicting school achievement of normal children, but more research is needed with learning disabled students. The use of teachers' rating scale with children of low functioning was discussed in light of the recent Larry P. decision. PMID- 7110857 TI - Comparison of two screening tests: Gesell Developmental Test and Meeting Street School Screening Test. PMID- 7110858 TI - Simultaneous investigation of effects of distance of projection and object size on object reception by children in grade 1. AB - This study examined simultaneously the effects of distance of projection (4-, 6-, and 8-horizontal ft.) and object size (6-, 8.5-in., and 10-in. diameter balls) on object reception by children in the first grade. 6 boys and 6 girls were randomly assigned to each of the 3 distances (36 subjects total). Each subject was administered 36 trials, 12 attempted catches with each ball size at their assigned distance. All balls were projected by a device designed to control accuracy as well as the angle of projection for projections to each distance. Each attempted each was evaluated by a 5-point scale (r = .96). Trials, sex, distance of projection, ball size, and related interactions were examined using a conventional analysis of variance. Ball size was the only significant main effect, but the interaction between ball size and sex was also significant. Post hoc analysis indicated that the 10-in. ball gave significantly more catching success than the 8.5- or the 6-in. ball. Although more success in catching was achieved with the larger ball sizes, no difference in catching was attributable to the varying distances. The sequences for catching success according to ball size at each distance were not significantly different. PMID- 7110859 TI - Pain and anguish. PMID- 7110860 TI - Detection of deception: consistency in responding and personality. PMID- 7110861 TI - Distance cues and depth avoidance on the visual cliff. AB - The study tested the hypothesis that depth avoidance in chicks is a specific case of general aversion to far patterns. Using a modified visual cliff, 192 male chicks less than 24 hr. old were on one side presented vertical patterns at varying distances from the centerboard and on the other side either a shallow or deep pattern. Control data indicated that, when two vertical patterns are presented on an opaque surface, chicks will descend to the nearer pattern and that this is motivated by aversion to the far pattern rather than attraction to the near one. Further data showed, however, that when a vertical pattern appeared at varying distances on one side of the centerboard and either a shallow or deep pattern appeared on the other, chicks avoided the side with depth at all distances of the vertical pattern. Depth avoidance in chicks then is not mediated by distance cues. While these may influence descent from a centerboard to an opaque surface, avoidance of depth overrides them on the visual cliff. PMID- 7110862 TI - Relation of facial expressions and activities: a study of attensity differences in events. AB - The role of experience in the perception of visual events was examined in a study of facial communications. It was hypothesized that the facial expressions manifested by actors as they performed various tasks would be specific to those tasks or reflective of the activities being performed. Consequently, the facial expressions themselves would provide information regarding the task performed, and this information would be more salient for viewers who were familiar with the tasks. Experienced viewers were the best perceivers, but the type of task performed significantly affected viewer's accuracy. A unitization measure recorded by viewers helped to pinpoint some of the reasons for the differential accuracy rates, while also speaking to the hypothesized differences in attensity which distinguished experienced from inexperienced viewers. PMID- 7110863 TI - Necker cube reversals in young, middle-aged, and elderly females. AB - This research dealt with the reversing Necker cube illusion and its relationship to age in healthy, community-dwelling female adults. 36 respondents representing three age groups (20-39, 40-59, and 61-80 yr.) were tested. Age was unrelated to experiencing the Necker cube illusion contrary to predictions based on previous research and stimulus persistence theory. The role of sampling effects in gerontological research outcomes is discussed. PMID- 7110864 TI - Relationship of disembedding ability to performance in volleyball, tennis, and badminton. AB - The study was designed to determine the relationship between different perceptual abilities and performance in volleyball, badminton, and tennis. 41 boys and 37 girls enrolled in a Grade 10 physical education program served as subjects. Performance in the three sports and four perceptual ability measures were determined. A multiple regression analysis indicated that the Group Embedded Figures Test was the most consistent perceptual measure for predicting significant motor performance but accounted for only 8 to 20% of the actual variance. Further, multiple regression analysis confirmed the importance of previous experience in a specific sport which accounted for 24 to 50% of the variance. PMID- 7110865 TI - Comparison of educationally handicapped students scores on the Revised Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration and Bender-Gestalt. AB - 32 elementary-aged boys enrolled in a program for the emotionally disturbed were administered the Revised Beery and Bender-Gestalt. A significant correlation of .73 was found between Beery and Bender age-equivalent scores. A t test for correlated data indicated mean scores did not differ significantly from one another, but scores were quite varied. The implications of such variability are discussed. PMID- 7110867 TI - Central placement of Bender figure a by clinic-referred and non-referred children. AB - To test the validity of clinical reports suggesting the diagnostic significance of central placement of the first Bender-Gestalt design, the protocols of 58 clinic-referred children (ages 6 to 12 yr.) and 58 non-referred children matched for age and WISC-R Full Scale IQ were examined. As predicted, central placement occurred with greater frequency in the clinic group, but its clinical utility is unclear. PMID- 7110866 TI - Effect of vocal disguise on judgments of speakers' sex and race. AB - To determine the effect of speakers' attempts to disguise their voices on listeners' accuracy in judgments of speakers' sex and race, 26 speakers, 13 women and 13 men, recorded six sentences under three conditions: (a) in a normal manner, (b) in a manner in which they attempted to sound like a member of the opposite sex, and (c) in a manner in which they attempted to sound like a member of the black race. Three master tapes were constructed, one for each of the three conditions. A total of 40 judges, 20 in an experiment on sex identification and 20 in one on race identification, participated in two sessions, one for each of two tapes (control and disguise) in each experiment. In each session they were asked to judge the sex or race of the speaker of each sentence and, using a seven point confidence rating scale, to indicate the over-all confidence in their judgments at the end of each session. Analysis indicated that, although listeners' accuracy for sex and race identification was greater under the control than disguised conditions for the majority of speakers, the differences between the two conditions were relatively small. Implications of these findings and suggestions for future research are discussed. PMID- 7110868 TI - Achievement in reading, verbal language, listening comprehension and locus of control of adult illiterates in a volunteer tutorial project. AB - This study examined the effectiveness of specific psychoeducational tutoring methods on achievement in reading, verbal language, listening comprehension, and locus of control. Subjects were 76 youths and adults reading below fifth grade who volunteered to participate in an adult tutorial project. After the assessment of entry level achievement, subjects were tutored for 34 hr. by trained volunteers. Comparison of pretest and posttest scores with a control group that received no tutoring indicated that subjects made significant improvement in both general reading and discrete reading subskills. As gains in verbal language, listening comprehension, and locus of control were nonsignificant, further research is needed over a longer period of time or employing other standardized measures. Results support the use of well-trained volunteers in ameliorating problems of adult illiteracy. PMID- 7110869 TI - Performance on the motor scale of the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities as related to home environment and neonatal reflexes. PMID- 7110870 TI - Neuropsychological assessment after lead poisoning without encephalopathy. PMID- 7110871 TI - Two-point tactual discrimination on the back: a signal-detection approach. AB - This investigation determined if subthreshold two-point aesthesiometer separations could be discriminated from one-point on the back, using a fixed based matching signal detection technique. Subjects reliably discriminated two point separations as small as 2 mm from one point on the back. In addition, the back appears to be more sensitive to discriminating two points from one point than the dorsal forearm. PMID- 7110872 TI - Skin temperature and motorcyclists' braking performance. AB - 16 male and 12 female students who had previous experience with hand-operated lever-braking systems performed braking tests with their hands at normal temperatures (mean hand temperatures 27.8 degrees C) and with their hands cooled to give finger temperatures of 6 degrees C and back of hand temperatures of 14 degrees C. Tasks required subjects, in response to a visual stimulus of a red light, to extend their digits to grip a motorcycle brake and pull it on. Reduced times were measured for (a) responding to the stimulus by grabbing the brake lever and pulling it to full braking pressure in the hydraulic system, (b) extending the digits, and (c) flexing the digits and pulling on the brake. In each case conditions produced a significant decrement in performance. This effect may occur when riding a motorcycle with cold hands, a common occurrence in Northern Europe. PMID- 7110873 TI - Effect of vocal disguise on estimations of speakers' ages. AB - To determine the effect of speakers' attempts to disguise their voices on listeners' accuracy in age judgments, 26 speakers, 13 females and 13 males, recorded six sentences under three conditions: (a) in a normal manner, actually were, and (c) in a manner in which they attempted to sound much older than they actually were. Three master tapes were constructed, one for each of the three conditions. A total of 20 judges, 10 females and 10 males, participated in three sessions, one for each of the three master tapes. In each session they were asked to judge the age of the speaker of each sentence and, using a seven-point confidence rating scale, to indicate the over-all confidence in their judgments at the end of each session. Although a majority of speakers yielded age estimates consistent with the conditions of intended disguise, the differences in listeners' estimates among all three conditions were relatively small. Moreover, differences between speakers' actual ages and listeners' age estimates in the control condition were also small. Implications of the findings and suggestions for research are discussed. PMID- 7110874 TI - Concurrent validity of McCarthy's Scales. AB - Data on the concurrent validity of the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities, using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised as the criteria, were compared with those of other studies. In the present work 40 children were given the McCarthy scales and one of the Wechsler scales depending on the age of the child. Significant moderate to strong correlations at the preschool and school-age levels between the General Cognitive Index of the McCarthy and Wechsler's IQs were noted. PMID- 7110876 TI - The motion-induced contour. AB - An outline projection of a rectangular solid object, rotating in depth, produces a moving rotating in depth illusory contour across the empty region where an edge would normally be located even though it is not physically present. Observers see a contour demarcating the junction of the two frontal surfaces of the object when it undergoes the figural transformation of rotation-in-depth. Two experiments, in which several types of temporal change were compared, demonstrated that translation, flicker, or no motion are ineffective in producing the contour compared to rotation-in-depth. Also the four lines constituting the two inducing vertices of the object were sufficient to produce the motion-induced contour during rotation-in-depth. Three demonstrations further clarifying the nature of the motion-induced contour are also reported. PMID- 7110875 TI - Effects of tilt adaptation on the direction of voluntary saccades. AB - Records were taken of the horizontal and vertical amplitudes of eye moments of subjects instructed to move their eyes back and forth from 12 to 6 and from 9 to 3 o'clock without targets. These records were used to compute the angles of the eye-moment paths, and corresponding paths were compared before and after exposure in a hallway to a prism-induced clockwise tilt of 30 degrees. Perceived orientation was also measured, by having the subjects set a luminous line in the dark to the orientations indicated above. Both tasks yielded significant preexposure-postexposure changes in the direction of tilt, such that after exposure the line was set at a tilt and eye movements were made at an angle clockwise with respect to the preexposure orientation. A control group exposed to 0 degrees tilt showed no change on either task. Thus, tilt adaptation is capable of altering the direction of volitional eye movements. PMID- 7110877 TI - Level of response categorisation and reporting consistency for rivalry between lines viewed as real images and as afterimages. PMID- 7110878 TI - Processing of alphabetic information presented in the fovea or the periphery: functional visual field and cognitive load. PMID- 7110879 TI - The aesthetics of colour. AB - A paired comparison experiment is described in which preferences for Munsell colour patches were elicited from 54 subjects. Value, chroma, and hue preferences were examined separately, Individuals differed in their preferences for value and chroma, and also for hue. There were also sex differences in preference. Overall the majority of subjects showed a preference for blue hues and dislike for yellow hues, thus demonstrating a continuity between animal and human colour aesthetics. PMID- 7110880 TI - The neon color effect in the Ehrenstein illusion. AB - Van Tuijl's neon color effect arises in the Ehrenstein figure if a colored cross is added such as to connect the black arms across the central gap. The effect consists of a circular veil of color in the illusory area and has the same hue as the inducing cross. The neon-like coloration is uniform, or when elicited by two color bipartite; it is strongest on backgrounds resembling the color of the cross. The effect cannot be attributed to chromatic aberration or eye movements. In foveal vision (and for red crosses) neon spreading is limited to gap sizes between 4 and 35 min of arc. Extrafoveally, gap sizes may be larger by a factor of two. Neon perception is enhanced by flicker and weakened if stimuli are oriented obliquely. It does not occur with dichoptic presentation. A maximum illusion requires that the Ehrenstein figure and cross are laterally and angularly aligned for good perceptual continuation. A neuronal origin by spreading and summation, together with cognitive processes, is proposed. PMID- 7110882 TI - Size constancy and accommodation. PMID- 7110881 TI - The relationship between texture gradient and perceived slant-in-depth: direct or mediated? AB - Judgments were obtained of the surface texture and rotation in depth of a briefly exposed monocularly-viewed rectangular grid rotated in depth and a set of projective equivalents of the grid presented in the frontal parallel plane. The judgements were secured when the grids were presented alone and when they were followed by a masking textured surface after interstimulus intervals (ISIs) ranging from 0 to 120 ms. In the absence of the mask judged texture varied corresponding to the variations of optical texture both for the rotated rectangular grids and the frontalparallel projections. Judgements of orientation in the absence of the mask varied corresponding to the variations in objective orientation for the rectangular grid and corresponding to the projective equivalent rotations for the frontalparallel projections. Introduction of the mask at ISI = O led to disruption of discriminative gradient and orientation judgments. The degree of disruption decreased as ISI increased. These findings were interpreted as supporting a mediational hypothesis of the relationship between optical texture and perceived slant-in-depth. In contrast to the direct perception hypothesis advanced by Gibson, the mediational hypothesis assigns and important role to the perceptual representation to the optical gradient. When the formation of this representation is arrested by processing of the mask, the relationship between optical texture and perceived slant-in-depth is disrupted. PMID- 7110884 TI - The perception of distance and location for dual tactile pressures. PMID- 7110885 TI - Perceived effort in sniffing: the effects of sniff pressure and resistance. PMID- 7110883 TI - Phonetic prototypes. PMID- 7110886 TI - Binocular summation in detection of contrast flashes. PMID- 7110887 TI - Visual and tactual texture perception: intersensory cooperation. PMID- 7110888 TI - Monaural localization following exposure to different segments of acoustic space. PMID- 7110889 TI - Global precedence as a postperceptual effect: an analysis of speed-accuracy tradeoff functions. PMID- 7110890 TI - The roles of axes of symmetry in orientation illusions. PMID- 7110891 TI - Perceived depth vs. structural relevance in the object-superiority effect. PMID- 7110892 TI - Effect of irrelevant information on the processing of relevant information: facilitation and/or interference? The influence of experimental design. PMID- 7110893 TI - Reduction of the Zollner illusion with motion of inducing figure. PMID- 7110895 TI - A comment on Day and Jory's note on a second stage in the formation of illusory contours. PMID- 7110894 TI - Constructability and the power function for line judgments. PMID- 7110896 TI - "Taste-smell confusions" and the duality of the olfactory sense. PMID- 7110898 TI - The influence of melodic context on pitch recognition judgment. PMID- 7110897 TI - Age-dependent magnitude and time course of early light adaptation. PMID- 7110899 TI - Overshoot of curvature in visual apparent motion. PMID- 7110900 TI - Conditioned tilt naming: a modified absolute judgment method is used to measure the oblique effect. PMID- 7110901 TI - Mass estimation and discrimination during brief periods of zero gravity. PMID- 7110902 TI - On the limits of perceptual complementarity in the kinetic depth effect. PMID- 7110903 TI - The haptic perception of curvature. PMID- 7110904 TI - Theoretical and methodological consequences of variations in exposure duration in visual laterality studies. PMID- 7110905 TI - Plucks and bows are categorically perceived, sometimes. PMID- 7110906 TI - A common basis for auditory sensory storage in perception and immediate memory. PMID- 7110907 TI - Search for a matching or mismatching letter pair. PMID- 7110908 TI - The relation between gap discrimination and auditory stream segregation. PMID- 7110909 TI - Alcohol and motion perception. PMID- 7110910 TI - Colorimetric determination of tin(II) levels in 99mTc labelling kits. AB - A rapid quantitative test for determination of stannous tin in kit preparations is described. After addition of phosphomolybdate a blue colour is measured at 700 nm. Sn2+ levels in pyrophosphate, MDP, DTPA, diethyl HIDA, dimethyl HIDA, glucoheptonate, phytate and tin colloid kits were determined. In many kits these levels proved to be rather low. Results from the colorimetric test were comparable with those obtained by iodometric titration. During exposure to the air by extensive stirring, Sn2+ preparations showed rapid deterioration which could be prevented by adding ascorbic acid. This simple test is a valuable method to determine Sn2+ levels in many kit preparations and can be useful in the investigation of factors that contribute to the decrease of the Sn2+ content. PMID- 7110911 TI - Sennosides and carbohydrates in developing pods of Cassia species. PMID- 7110912 TI - Cyclosporin A: correlation between HPLC and RIA serum levels. AB - Serum levels of cyclosporin A were analysed in parallel with an HPLC and a RIA method for six patients who received repeated intramuscular and oral doses of this immunosuppressive drug after bone marrow transplantation. A good correlation was found between both methods with a similar time course of the serum curves. Due to cross-reacting metabolites, the values from the RIA assay were on average 30 to 100% higher than with the HPLC assay which is specific for the parent drug. PMID- 7110913 TI - Studies on Indonesian medicinal plants. VIII. Screening of some Indonesian Menispermaceae for alkaloids; the isolation of magnoflorine from Pycnarrhena novoguinensis and Cyclea barbata. PMID- 7110914 TI - Bioavailability of methotrexate tablets. AB - The bioavailability of methotrexate 10 mg tablets has been determined to be 62 +/ 16%. After administration of a dose of 30 mg/m2 a maximum plasma concentration of ca. 20.10(-7) mole/l was found after ca. 1.7 h. The methotrexate plasma half life was 2.4 h. It was concluded that the 10 mg tablet formulation at the dosage investigated is a suitable clinical methotrexate preparation. PMID- 7110915 TI - The 13C-NMR spectrometry of cinchonamine and quinamine. PMID- 7110916 TI - Technical note--auditory feedback of knee angle for amputees. PMID- 7110917 TI - Wound healing complications following major amputations of the lower limb. AB - A series of 320 amputations was analyzed with regard to wound healing complications and re-amputation rates. Among 111 AK amputations complications in wound healing were encountered in 14 per cent (15/111) of the cases, leading to re-amputation in 2 per cent (2/111). TK amputations were followed by wound healing problems in 30 per cent (20/66) of the cases with re-amputation in 20 per cent (13/66) at AK level, as compared to 40 per cent (57/143) with wound healing complications and 20 per cent (28/143) re-amputations in BK-amputees. As failure of BK amputation leads to re-amputation at AK level it is recommended that the TK level be selected in doubtful cases. PMID- 7110918 TI - Shoe inserts for small deformed feet. AB - Modern materials and a better understanding of the biomechanical requirements enable adaptations to shoes to be make quickly and easily in cases where the deformed foot is small enough to fit satisfactorily into standard shop-bought or standard deep footwear. A flexible self-generating polyurethane foam is used inside the shoe. It expands to the internal shape of the shoe and the external shape of the foot. It can be used either against the patient's own foot or against a positive cast of the foot. The technique has been used for 75 patients and has proved successful. The insert so made is durable and economical. PMID- 7110920 TI - Frame type socket for lower limb prostheses. PMID- 7110921 TI - Material properties of Velcro fastenings. AB - An assessment of the material properties of three types of touch and close fasteners (Velcro) in general orthopaedic usage is presented. The materials were tested under various loading regimes using an Instron testing machine. The force extension curves were analyzed and values determined for both the stiffness and strength of the various attachments. Particular reference was made to the alteration in attachment strength after cyclic loading. The strength of the standard Velcro was found to be least affected after cyclic loading to simulate continuous usage. A recommendation is made on the specific application of each type of Velcro based on their material properties. PMID- 7110919 TI - Clinical evaluation of a knee-ankle-foot-orthosis for hemiplegic patients. AB - The KAFO described provides hemiplegics with effective and dynamic ambulation, because of its light weight, easy application, reasonably located genucentric knee and ankle joints, together with the flexibility of thigh and lower leg cuffs and arch support. The flexibility of this orthosis permits proper torsion of thigh and lower leg cuff. After application of the KAFO, hemiplegics become able to extend or flex their hip or knee joints in a wide range of motion. As the result of these characteristics, hemiplegics can ambulate smoothly and effectively in the KAFO as described in the results and practical investigations. PMID- 7110922 TI - Variation of mechanical energy levels for normal and prosthetic gait. AB - Mechanical energy levels were investigated for normals and for below-knee amputees during level walking. The weight of the prostheses was varied by attaching 0.5 kg extra weight to the prostheses. The measurements and analyses were made with the ENOCH system consisting of a minicomputer (HP 21 MX), an optoelectronic device for displacement data measurement (Selspot) and a force plate (Kistler) for measurement of ground reaction forces. Results by Winter et al (1976) on the energy changes during normal walking obtained from displacement data on one leg only were verified using data from both legs and the trunk. For the amputees it was concluded that the energy changes increased for the prosthetic shank when the weight increased. For the other body segments and for the body total no significant differences were found. PMID- 7110923 TI - [Computed tomographic detection of calcification within the heart and the thoracic aorta (author's transl)]. PMID- 7110924 TI - Adrenal imaging with 131I-adosterol (NCL-6-131I) by diverging and pinhole methods. II. Analysis of abnormal adrenal images. PMID- 7110927 TI - [New directions in neuroradiology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7110925 TI - [Effect of hyperthermia and radiation on the cell cycle progression HeLa cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 7110926 TI - [A reappraisal of radiotherapy for laryngeal cancer using treatment cast (author's transl)]. PMID- 7110928 TI - [Demonstration of blood brain barrier injury by computed tomography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7110930 TI - [Radiation therapy planning of patients with breast cancer with aid of parasternal lymphoscintigraphy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7110929 TI - [Different trends of optimal fractionation schedule according to stage in treatment of differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (author's transl)]. PMID- 7110931 TI - [Holographic stereosynthesis of the ultrasonographic images (author's transl)]. PMID- 7110932 TI - [Transcatheter arterial embolization with absolute ethanol (author's transl)]. PMID- 7110933 TI - [Assay of acetylcholine receptor antibodies in myasthenia gravis. A study of 329 sera (author's transl)]. AB - Antibodies directed against acetylcholine receptors were investigated in 329 sera by a radioimmunological technique using human muscle. Eighty-six per cent of patients with generalized myasthenia gave positive results. The percentage of positivity reached 90% when a receptor lipid extract was used. Fifty-six per cent of 25 sera from patients with ocular myasthenia were positive. Conversely, no antibody was detected in controls (other neurological diseases, normal subjects), except for two lupus patients. In addition to its diagnostic value, the assay of antibodies to acetylcholine receptors proved useful in the follow-up of myasthenic patients (notably neonates) treated by thymectomy, immunodepressants and plasmapheresis. PMID- 7110934 TI - [Role of biliary microlithiasis in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis (author's transl)]. AB - In the authors' experience gallstones, particularly when minute, constitute the most frequent cause of acute pancreatitis. The size of the calculi (about one millimeter) explains the two major characteristics of microlithiasis: it is "illegible" and therefore difficult to detect and frequently undiagnosed; it is "migratory", like urinary lithiasis, and may be responsible for transient hyperpressure in the pancreatic ducts resulting in acute pancreatitis. In all cases of acute pancreatitis, the possibility of biliary microlithiasis should be thoroughly investigated and relapses should be prevented by cholecystectomy with clearing of the biliary ducts under radiosurgical and/or endoscopic control. PMID- 7110935 TI - [Opiate peptides of the adrenal medulla (author's transl)]. AB - Significant concentrations of enkephalins are present in the adrenal medulla, notably in man, ox and dog. High molecular weight peptides precursors of enkephalin pentapeptide can also be demonstrated in the same tissue. Although the biosynthesis of enkephalins has not yet been completely elucidated, it seems to follow a pathway different from that of beta-endorphin. The secretion of enkephalins is regulated by the same mechanisms as the secretion of catecholamines. Enkephalins act locally by modulating catecholamine release, but since they are released into the systemic circulation, another, still ill-defined hormonal action is possible. PMID- 7110936 TI - [A new model of varicose vein stripper (author's transl)]. AB - A new varicose vein stripper is described. It is rigid, of small caliber and can be used in both upper and lower limbs. These features make it easy to handle, particularly in young subjects undergoing early stripping. The instrument is less costly than other disposable instruments as it is metallic and can be sterilized. PMID- 7110937 TI - [Toxic hepatitis induced by pyrithioxin during rheumatoid polyarthritis]. PMID- 7110938 TI - [Transitory glomerular proteinuria after arteriography]. PMID- 7110939 TI - [Pediatric polymyositis with positive toxoplasma serology]. PMID- 7110940 TI - [Polyradiculoneuritis due to chrysotherapy]. PMID- 7110941 TI - [Thrombopenia of immune origin during heparin therapy]. PMID- 7110942 TI - [Acute renal insufficiency caused by transfusion of hemolyzed blood]. PMID- 7110943 TI - [Continuous haemofiltration in encephalopathy associated with hepatic failure (author's transl)]. AB - Thirty-one comatose patients (18 with cirrhosis of the liver, 13 with severe hepatitis) were treated with continuous haemofiltration on polyacrylonitrile membrane (AN 69). The mean duration of sessions was 45 +/- 37 h, during which 136 +/- 108 1 of ultrafiltrate were dialyzed. Sixteen patients emerged from coma, 14 (7 with cirrhosis, 7 with hepatitis) completely and 2 partially. Blood ammonium levels decreased by 47 +/- 21% during the first 24 hours. Aminoacid clearance ranged from 20 to 50 ml/min, but only non significant changes were observed in the branched-chain/aromatic aminoacid ratio. Provided the haemodynamic balance is preserved, the technique is well tolerated. The duration of dialysis depends upon the degree of thrombopenia induced. Since the long-term prognosis of both cirrhosis patients and severe hepatitis patients is unmodified, continuous haemofiltration can only be helpful in cases where hepatic regeneration is possible; failing this, liver transplantation should be considered. PMID- 7110944 TI - [Bifocal excision in the treatment of bronchial carcinoma revealed by cerebral metastasis (author's transl)]. AB - Between 1964 and 1980, 17 patients operated upon for cerebral metastasis as initial presentation of bronchial cancer underwent excision of the thoracic tumour 24 to 131 days later. One patient died post-operatively of acute pneumopathy. Nine patients showed signs of recurrent cerebral malignancy after a 55 to 904 days' delay. Increase in life expectancy and regression of neurological symptoms justify this bifocal surgical strategy. Using cerebral and thoracic radiotherapy as well as chemotherapy as supplementary measures seems rational and likely to improve the present results. PMID- 7110946 TI - [Immediate and long-term results of cryosurgical haemorrhoidectomy (author's transl)]. AB - A retrospective study of 240 cases of haemorrhoids treated by cryosurgery with a 1 to 5 years' follow-up confirmed the immediate and long-term effectiveness of this method which resulted in lasting cure in more than 95% of the cases. The main advantages of the method are that it causes little pain and disablement, is relatively inexpensive and has virtually no complications. It main drawback is that the procedure must sometimes be repeated when the lesions are large. Although cryosurgery is in theory applicable to all forms of the haemorrhoidal disease, it is best indicated for stage I and stage II haemorrhoids. PMID- 7110945 TI - [Resection of left ventricular aneurysm for clinical heart failure. Long-term results and prognostic factors (author's transl)]. AB - Between 1970 and 1980, 46 resections of left ventricular aneurysm were carried out in patients with clinical evidence of heart failure but without associated septal perforation or severe mitral regurgitation. Aortocoronary bypass was simultaneously performed in 28% of the cases. The mean post-operative follow-up was 67 months. The early (1 mont) post-operative mortality rate was 15.2%. The actuarial survival rate (taking into account the early post-operative mortality rate) was 52.4% at 5 years and 32.9% at 10 years. Most early and late deaths were of cardiac origin. Among long-term survivors, 48.5% had no post-operative heart failure and 67% had no residual angina pectoris. In a statistical analysis of the factors involved in overall post-operative survival, no significant influence could be found for sex and age (within the limits of the study), risk factors associated with atheroma, duration of the myocardial necrosis responsible for the aneurysm, location of the aneurysm, time taken for the post-infarction heart failure to develop, presence of pre-operative angina on ECG, number of coronary arteries stenosed, extent of the aneurysm as determined by cineventriculography, cardiac index, left ventricular end-systolic pressure and associated aortocoronary bypass. In contrast, a significant prognostic value was demonstrated for the ejection fraction of the contractile area of the left ventricle (p less than 0.02), the maximal cardiac dysfunction observed prior to surgery (P less than 0.02), the presence of pre-operative dysrhythmias (P less than 0.1) and the quality of cardiac performance recovered immediately after the operation (P less than 0.001). PMID- 7110947 TI - [Prolonged high plasma imipramine levels after acute intoxication (author's transl)]. AB - A case of severe intoxication by tricyclic antidepressants with persistence during 14 days of abnormally high plasma imipramine levels is reported. The various factors capable of maintaining plasma imipramine at a high level are discussed. They include mechanical factors (intestinal absorption), ventilation under positive end-expiratory pressure, alterations of hepatic metabolism by other drugs such as metronidazole or cimetidine, and changes in tissue distribution. Attention is drawn to the risks inherent in the various treatments used against acute intoxications and in combined chemotherapy during intensive care generally. When such drugs are necessary, the plasma levels of those with higher toxicity should be monitored. PMID- 7110948 TI - [Acute leukemia and cancer induced by the combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy]. PMID- 7110949 TI - [Sea blue histiocyte syndrome. Disclosure by spontaneous splenic rupture]. PMID- 7110950 TI - [Drug interaction between cimetidine and theophylline]. PMID- 7110951 TI - [Hypoglycemia induced by disopyramide. Case report]. PMID- 7110952 TI - [Results obtained in a behaviour therapy consultation. 319 referrals, including 124 fully treated (author's transl)]. AB - Out of 319 patients referred to a behaviour therapy consultation in a general hospital, 217 were considered as amenable to this form of treatment which was undertaken in 176 and brought to completion in 124. At the end of treatment 90.5% of the patients fully treated were improved. an actuarial study of the results showed that 66% remained improved after one year. PMID- 7110954 TI - [Chemotherapy associated with surgery in advanced breast cancer (author's transl)]. AB - Fifty patients with advanced breast cancer inoperable from the outset were treated at the Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, with primary chemotherapy (3 cycles) followed by surgery (mammectomy dissection or Halsted). At the time of writing, the minimal follow-up period is 36 months. Detailed study of the various parameters initially present, clinical observations after chemotherapy and before surgery, and examination of surgical specimens have demonstrated the effectiveness of primary chemotherapy. Chemotherapy may be continued after surgery following the usual consolidation regimen and associated with local irradiation if required. The value of surgery lies in the irreplaceable information it provides on the nature and degree of local extension; it allows for optimization of complementary treatments whilst avoiding systematic procedures, such as local irradiation and, possibly, modified chemotherapy. The therapeutic solution proposed appears to be preferable to other treatments, including radiotherapy alone, chemotherapy plus radiotherapy, or surgery followed by radio -- and chemotherapy. PMID- 7110953 TI - [Acute primary infection due to slow-growing anaerobes after total hip arthroplasty (author's transl)]. AB - Most early post-operative infections in total hip arthroplasty are due to aerobic bacteria. Anaerobes infections are less common and less easy to diagnose since the organisms are growing slowly. In the three patients reported the responsible organisms were detected by a strict bacteriological technique including cultures lasting more than 48 hours. Treatment consisted of re-operation and appropriate antibiotic therapy. The slow development of anaerobic bacteria makes antibiotic sensitivity tests particularly difficult to read. The need for cultures prolonged beyond 48 hours partly explains the frequency of overt suppuration in cases where standard bacteriological methods had given negative results. PMID- 7110955 TI - [Zieve's syndrome and acute alcoholic hepatitis (author's transl)]. AB - Zieve's syndrome, characterized by jaundice, hyperlipaemia and haemolytic anaemia, usually develops in young, chronically alcoholic subjects with enlarged fatty liver. Hitherto, the course of the disease was considered favourable in most patients, with complete regression of clinical, biological and anatomical symptoms. However, the discovery of acute alcoholic hepatitis during repeat needle-biopsy of the liver confirms that in some cases steatosis may mask hyaline necrosis and neutrophil infiltration. Zieve's syndrome therefore is not benign but precedes acute alcoholic hepatitis episodes on a normal, fibrotic or cirrhotic liver. PMID- 7110956 TI - [The epileptic mother and her child (author's transl)]. AB - Antiepileptic drugs are thought to be responsible for an abnormally high incidence of post-partum haemorrhages. Data on perinatal mortality of epileptic patients are discordant. Children of epileptic mothers are frequently undersized. Although they have an incidence of malformations 1.25 times higher than average, these may be associated with the severity of seizures and with the disease itself, since there is no evidence that anticonvulsants are teratogenic. The influence of pregnancy on epileptic attacks is extremely variable. Seizures occurring during a pregnancy need not necessarily occur during subsequent pregnancies. There seems to be a positive correlation between eclampsy, late epilepsy, familial epilepsy and abnormal EEGs. Status epilepticus is unusual in child-bearing women. The dosage of several antiepileptic drugs needs to be increased during pregnancy, probably because of accelerated metabolism and reduced intestinal absorption. Decrease in plasma protein levels seems to be of little significance. Antiepileptic drugs which cross the placenta are usually excreted by the newborn within a week, but children of mothers who are given diazepam during delivery may be intoxicated. Drug concentrations in milk are low, but the child must be supervised if the mother takes phenobarbitone or diazepam. However, in most cases breast-feeding is safe. Pregnant epileptic women should be carefully examined throughout pregnancy and post-partum for obstetrical reasons and because the drugs they absorb may give abnormal blood levels. PMID- 7110957 TI - [Prevention of subphrenic abscess after right-sided hepatectomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7110958 TI - [Myeloma with hypereosinophilia]. PMID- 7110960 TI - [Purulent cyst of the urachus in an elderly adult. A case]. PMID- 7110959 TI - [Dyskinesias due to veralipride]. PMID- 7110961 TI - [Lupic syndrome induced by quinidine with thrombophlebitis alternans and circulating anti-factor IX anticoagulant]. PMID- 7110962 TI - [Evaluation of remission after chemotherapy in Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 7110965 TI - [Coronary artery dilatation induced by isosorbide dinitrate injection (author's transl)]. AB - Twenty-six patients were given 3 mg isosorbide dinitrate either by direct intra coronary injection (17 patients) or by intravenous injection ( patients), 5 minutes after an injection of 0.4 mg methylergometrine. In all 26 patients isosorbide dinitrate dilated the coronary arteries to a diameter that was 26% greater than the smallest diameter observed with methylergometrine and 14.8% greater than the basal diameter. The response was highly significant at 30 seconds, maximal at 2 minutes and lasted more than 10 minutes. At the dosage level used in this study, there was no significant difference between the two groups of patients. However, a rapid fall in systemic arterial pressure was noted after peripheral intravenous injection. PMID- 7110963 TI - [Effects of isosorbide dinitrate on systemic haemodynamics, regional coronary blood flow and ST-segment. A study on normal and/or ischaemic dog heart (author's transl)]. AB - In dogs, isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) reduced venous return, and in spite of mild tachycardia the cardiac output fell by reduction of stroke volume. Depending on modalities of administration, the drug had little or no influence on systemic arterial pressure. Cardiac inotropism remained unchanged. Heart work was consistently reduced. During temporary occlusion of the left coronary artery, ISDN had little effect on regional blood flow in normal myocardial areas but increased transmural blood flow and the endocardium/epicardium perfusion ratio in ischaemic areas. The redistribution of coronary blood flow produced by ISDN to the benefit of ischaemic areas was accompanied by a simultaneous decrease in the intensity of electric ischaemia. PMID- 7110964 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of isosorbide dinitrate administered by intravenous infusion to hypertensive patients (author's transl)]. AB - The pharmacokinetics of intravenous isosorbide dinitrate was investigated in 11 patients with labile hypertension and with normal renal and hepatic functions. The mode of administration (constant rate infusion without loading dose) was chosen in order to minimize side-effects and to approximate clinical conditions. Isosorbide dinitrate levels were measured by electron-capture gas chromatography. The volume of distribution during steady state (Vd beta = 318 +/- 117 I) and the elimination half-life (t1/2 beta = 64.8 +/- 30.5 min) were similar to those found after perlingual and oral administration. Systemic clearance (Cls = 3.80 +/- 1.48 I/min) was high for a drug given intravenously, presumably because of active hepatic extraction, intensive pre-systemic degradation and very active extra hepatic metabolism. These findings should be compared with the considerable inter individual variations observed in theoretical plasma concentrations during steady state and with the presence of two pharmacokinetic models (one -- and two -- compartments) in the patients under study. Comparison of the results obtained by the intravenous route with previously published results after perlingual and oral administration indicates the following bioavailability ratios: perlingual/i.v. = 31%, oral/i.v. = 20%, and oral/perlingual = 63%. PMID- 7110966 TI - [Haemodynamic and coronary effects of Risordan injection in patients with coronary disease (author's transl)]. AB - Nitro-compounds exert a preventive action on myocardial ischaemia through their peripheral effects (reduction of left ventricular preload) and their effects on the coronary system (increase of collateral flow and imprevement in the endocardium: epicardium perfusion ratio). The haemodynamic, coronary and metabolic effects of Risordan i.v. infusions (5 mg/h) in acute myocardial ischaemia induced by rapid atrial stimulation (RAS) were investigated in 15 male patients with angiographic or ECG signs of non-perfusion of the coronary network. Coronary sinus blood flow was measured by the thermodilution method. The values measured or calculated were: heart rate (HR), cardiac index (CI), aortic pressure (PAo), pulmonary capillary pressure (PCP), right atrial pressure (RAP), systemic arterial resistance (SAR), double product (DP), coronary blood flow (QCcor), total coronary resistance (TCR), O2 arterio venous difference (DAVO2), myocardial O2 consumption (MVO2) and myocardial lactate extraction (K %). RAS produced a significant increase of PAo, CI, DP, MVO2 and QCcor, with inversion of K % ( 3.3%) indicatif anaerobic metabolism by myocardial ischaemia. Risordan produced significant diminution of PAo and CI with subsequent increase of HR; there was little increase of DP, MVO2 and QCcor and little change n myocardial metabolism (K % = 14 %). Risordan corrected the myocardial ischaemia induced by RAS, with decrease of PAo, PCP, RAP, CI, DP and QCcor, K % became positive (+ 11.5 % vs 3.3 % during RAS) suggesting a decrease in myocardial ischaemia. PMID- 7110967 TI - [Isosorbide dinitrate in the treatment of threatening myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. AB - Thirty patients with threatening myocardial infarction were treated with intravenous isosorbide trinitrate. Eight patients had increasingly severe angina, 6 had de novo crescendo angina, 3 had Prinzmetal angina and 13 had signs of impending extension of a previous infarct. In all cases the anginal attacks occurred spontaneously. The drug was administered in association with a beta blocker or a calcium antagonist. The initial dosage was 33 mcg/min and dosage adjustments ranged from 16 to 130 mcg/min. the main duration of treatment was 3.6 days. Pain was controlled in all patients. Anginal attacks ceased completely and permanently in 24, but the remaining 6 became isosorbide dinitrate-dependent and could only be weaned by aortocoronary bypass. The effects on the drug on heart rate and blood pressure remained moderate and never interfered with dosage adjustments. Coronary artery angiography was performed without any trouble in 25 patients, 21 of whom underwent myocardial revascularization by venous grafts. PMID- 7110968 TI - [Value of isosorbide dinitrate injection in the acute phase of myocardial infarction. Clinical and haemodynamic study (author's transl)]. AB - Left ventricular failure is one of the most common complications of acute myocardial infarction and may have very serious haemodynamic consequences. Isosorbide dinitrate administered by intravenous infusion in doses of 3 to 7 mg/hour had highly beneficial effects on pre-load and frequently improved cardiac output. The results obtained in this series of 10 consecutive patients demonstrate that the drug has very favourable effects on the immediate prognosis of myocardial infarction. PMID- 7110969 TI - [Use of isosorbide dinitrate (Risordan) injection in left ventricular failure following acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. AB - Haemodynamic and echocardiographic studies of isosorbide dinitrate were conducted in 12 patients (8 men and 4 women) with left ventricular failure consecutive to recent myocardial infarction. The groups: group I received 5 mg/h and group II 10 mg/h Risordan intravenously. After one hour treatment, group I patients showed a significant fall in both PAP (from 32.3 +/- 5.3 to 26.7 +/- 6.9 mmHg; p less than 0.01) and PCP (from 21.8 +/- 4.7 to 17.3 +/- 7.7 mmHg; p less than 0.05). These haemodynamic changes were amplified after a second hour of treatment: PAP fell to 24 +/- 7.9 mmHg (p less than 0.01) and PCP to 14.2 +/- 4.4 mmHg (p less than 0.001). RAP decreased from 7.2 +/- 5.1 to 3.5 +/- 5 (p less than 0.05). There were no changes in heart rate, systemic arterial pressure, peripheral resistance, cardiac index, forward stroke work nor, on echocardiography, in ventricular diameters, shortening fraction and VCF. After one hour treatment, group II patients showed a fall in PAP (from 30.5 +/- 4.7 to 21.7 +/- 3.5 mmHg; p less than 0.01), PCP (from 21.7 +/- 4.8 to 14.8 +/- 4.9 mmHg: p less than 0.001) and RAP (from 10.3 +/- 2.9 to 7.2 +/- 2; p less than 0.01). The systolic diameter of the left ventricle was reduced from 66.3 +/- 10.6 to 64.3 +/- 11.3 (p less than 0.01). After 4 hours, improvement in PAP and PCP was maintained; the other values remained stable. The effectiveness of Risordan i.v. in left ventricular failure consecutive to acute myocardial infarction is due to reduction of filling pressures in the left ventricule. With the 10 mg/h dose, as opposed to the 5 mg/h dose, the systemic arterial pressure and the double and triple products tend to be reduced, which suggests greater effectiveness. PMID- 7110970 TI - [Intravenous isosorbide dinitrate in acute cardiac failure (author's transl)]. AB - Isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) was used by intravenous infusion in 7 patients with acute cardiac failure consecutive to acute (5) or chronic (1) myocardial infarction or to non-obstructive cardiomyopathy (1). Pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), pulmonary capillary pressure (PCP), right atrial pressure (RAP) and cardiac output were measured (PCP), right atrial pressure (RAP) and cardiac output were measured by intracardiac catheterization. The initial dosage of 2.5 mg/hour was increased until PCP was reduced to 15 mmHg or less or until troublesome side-effects developed. Control was achieved in 3 patients with doses of 2.5 to 7 mg/hour and, to a lesser extent, in one patient with up to 20 mg/hour. Three patients failed to respond even to higher doses and needed furosemide i.v. or furosemide + dobutamine. One patient died of cardiogenic shock. No changes in cardiac output, heart rate and blood pressure and no clinical side-effects were recorded. Thus, in acute cardiac failure ISDN may be effective in doses slightly superior to those of nitroglycerin, but increasing the dosage above 7 or 8 mg/hour does not bring additional benefits. The drug is remarkably well tolerated. PMID- 7110971 TI - [Effects of isosorbide dinitrate injection on acute myocardial infarction. A haemodynamic and gamma-angiographic study (author's transl)]. AB - The haemodynamic and gamma-angiographic effects of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) injection were evaluated in 18 patients with recent myocardial infarction by measuring diastolic (DPAP) and systolic (SPAP) pulmonary artery pressures, diastolic (DAP) and systolic (SAP) systemic arterial pressures, cardiac index (CI) and heart rate (HR). Total ejection fraction (EF) was measured by radionuclide angiography. Within the first hour of treatment, there was a significant fall in DPAP (from 25.11 +/- 6.5 to 18.3 +/- 6 mmHg), SPAP (from 47 +/- 11.5 to 36.6 +/- 10 mmHg) and SAP (from 140 +/- 27.8 to 123 +/- 20 mmHg). Changes in DAP, CI and HR were not significant. The drug produced a significant increase in EF (from 32.6 +/- 15 to 35.3 +/- 15 p. cent). On the basis of these results the patients could be divided into three categories: -- Group I patients (n = 5) with EF greater than 45, in whom the haemodynamic effects (fall in DRAP from 20.8 +/- 4.2 to 16.3 +/- 3 mmHg) and the gamma-angiographic effects (increase in EF from 53.8 +/- 6 to 58.6 +/- 3 p. cent) were favourable. -- Group II patients (n = 5) with EF less than 40, in whom the haemodynamic effects (fall in DRAP from 29 +/- 8.5 to 17.8 +/- 6 mmHg) and the gamma-angiographic effects (increase in EF from 23 +/- 9 to 34 +/- 7 p. cent) were still favourable. -- Group III patients (n = 8) with low EF, in whom there were no significant changes in haemodynamic effects (DPAP from 25.3 +/- 3 to 23.4 +/- 5 mmHg) and gamma angiographic effects (EF from 26 +/- 6 to 25 +/- 5 p. cent). This group corresponds to cases with very extensive necrosis of unfavourable outcome (4 deaths). One may therefore consider that the lack of effectiveness of ISDN in subjects with left ventricular failure and low EF is of poor prognosis and requires more aggressive therapy. PMID- 7110972 TI - [Chronic aortic and mitral valve regurgitation. Effects of isosorbide dinitrate on systolic function and passive elastic properties of the left ventricle (author's transl)]. AB - A haemodynamic and cineangiographic study was conducted in 20 patients with chronic aortic regurgitation alone or associated with mitral regurgitation before and during i.v. administration of isosorbide dinitrate 5 mg/hour. Freedom from coronary disease had been ascertained. The heart rate and aortic pressure (initially normal), cardiac index (initially low), pulmonary pressures and pulmonary and systemic resistances (slightly raised initially) remained unchanged. On the other hand, the left ventricular (LV) filling pressure, distinctly raised before treatment, was reduced by 17% (p less than 0.05). There was also a 10% reduction in LV end-diastolic volume (from 204 +/- 60- cm3.m2 to 184 +/- 56 cm3,m2; p less than 0.001) and a 14% reduction in LV end-systolic volume (from 104 +/- 39 cm3.m2 to 89 +/- 40 cm3.m3; p less than 0.001). LV geometry, stroke volume and regurgitation volume were unmodified. There was a significant improvement in ventricular function indices, globally reduced before treatment: + 8% for the fiber shortening amplitude (p less than 0.025), + 6% for the ejection fraction (p fiber shortening (p less than 0.01), and + 15% for the ESP: ESV ratio (p less than 0.05). The passive elasticity indices, all increased before treatment, also improved. It is concluded that isosorbide dinitrate improves LV systolic and diastolic functions in patients with chronic valve disease. PMID- 7110973 TI - [Nociceptive reactions in man. An electrophysiological and pharmacological study (author's transl)]. AB - The demonstration of a close relationship between the threshold of nociceptive flexion reflexes and that of the painful sensation resulting from stimulation of the sural nerve or of the corresponding skin territory has made it possible to devise a method for objective measurement of pain in man. The method can be of interest to locate with accuracy the site of action of certain drugs and to determine the intensity of their analgesic effect. The results obtained with non narcotic analgesics are presented. PMID- 7110974 TI - [Percutaneous analgesic thermocoagulation of spinal nerve roots. 218 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Between 1974 and 1980 the authors have performed 218 radiofrequency thermocoagulations of spinal nerve roots or posterior branches. The procedure is atraumatic and selective but requires considerable technical accuracy. Its major indications (posterior lumbalgias, spondylolisthesis, staged spinal syndromes, painful thoraco-abdominal scars, etc.) emerge from this detailed review of a large series of patients suffering from pain of spinal or extraspinal origin. Satisfactory results were obtained in 39% to 45% of these patients for whom conventional treatments had failed. This should encourage to try this strictly percutaneous technique (usually performed under local anaesthesia) before open surgery. PMID- 7110975 TI - [Budd-Chiari syndrome with massive thrombosis of the subdiaphragmatic venous system and major fibrinopenia (author's transl)]. AB - A 32-year-old patient without previous medical history died within three weeks of acute Budd-Chiari syndrome with massive thrombosis of the subdiaphragmatic venous system. No definite cause could be elicited. The course of the disease was complicated by anuria attributed to hepotorenal syndrome. Laboratory tests demonstrated major fibrinopenia. Detailed study of the haemostatic system was suggestive of hepatic failure associated with consumption coagulopathy of obscure origin. PMID- 7110977 TI - [Acute poisoning caused by nadoxolol. Multi-center study of 35 cases]. PMID- 7110976 TI - [Septicemia and multiple abscesses of the liver caused by Streptococcus anginosus]. PMID- 7110978 TI - [Hepatic actinomycosis. A case]. PMID- 7110980 TI - ["White lung" during granulocyte transfusion. Possible role of leukoagglutinins]. PMID- 7110979 TI - [Consumption coagulopathy. Plasma levels of kininogen]. PMID- 7110981 TI - [Isolated parathyroid adenoma in patients with chronic renal failure prior to hemodialysis]. PMID- 7110982 TI - [Plasma level monitoring of psychotropic drugs in children. I-Haloperidol (author's transl)]. AB - Monitoring of haloperidol plasma levels during long-term treatment is not commonly practised in adults and even less in children. In this study, haloperidol plasma levels were measured in children and teenagers with psychotic episodes or abnormal movements. Steady state concentrations ranged from 0.7 to 19 ng/ml. They were apparently unrelated to the doses administered (15-285 micrograms/kg/day), and variations of up to 15-fold were observed with the same dosage. In contrast, a significant correlation (p less than 0.02) was determined between age and dose-concentration ratio. Side-effects also seemed to be significantly related to plasma levels (p less than 0.01); they occurred at concentration higher than 6 ng/ml. Therapeutic response was observed with plasma concentrations of 1 to 4 ng/ml in cases with abnormal movements, but no dose effect relationship was found in patients with psychotic episodes. PMID- 7110983 TI - [Nuclear magnetic resonance. Applications to medicine and biology (author's transl)]. AB - Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a non-invasive exploratory technique based on a principle radically different from those of radiography, radionuclide exploration and ultrasonography. Signals coming from atomic nuclei and reflecting their density and chemical/biochemical environment are collected, thus providing information of the physiological and pathological state of tissues. The technique has multiple applications, either practical (tomographic imaging of the brain, thyroid gland and liver) or in the field of research, e.g. investigating ischaemic myocardial areas and pathological fluid composition, measuring intracellular pH, diagnosing the nature of a tumour and, broadly speaking, understanding the biochemical changes associated with malignant degeneration. PMID- 7110984 TI - [Severe thyrotoxicosis and iodine overload. A propos of a case with a fatal outcome]. PMID- 7110985 TI - [Acute renal failure and nephrotic syndrome after ingestion of fenoprofen]. PMID- 7110986 TI - [Multiple meningioma after extracranial radiotherapy]. PMID- 7110987 TI - [Arterial hypertension during pregnancy. 531 cases treated in one centre (author's transl)]. AB - Between 1977 and 1979, 531 consecutive cases of hypertension complicating pregnancy were observed at the Maternite de Port-Royal, Paris. All patients were treated preferentially with methyldopa, and most women with moderate hypertension were treated as out-patients. Perinatal mortality in these hypertensive women was the same as for normotensive women who delivered at the Maternite and for the French population as a whole during the same period. PMID- 7110988 TI - [Plasma level monitoring of psychotropic drugs in children. II -- Antidepressants (author's transl)]. AB - Children and young adolescents with either depressive syndromes or enuresis were treated with clomipramine for periods of 1 to 9 months. Plasma concentrations of the drug and of its demethylated metabolite were monitored and compared with clinical effects. In children, clomipramine proved rapidly absorbed by the oral route, and its rate of distribution seemed to be related to age since the dose concentration ratio was lower in the youngest subjects. There was a clear correlation between side-effects and clomipramine levels but not demethyl chlorimipramine levels. In enuresis, a therapeutic effect was obtained with clomipramine levels of 20 to 60 ng/ml; lower levels were associated with ineffectiveness and higher levels with side-effects. The relationship between daily doses and plasma concentrations varied considerably from one patient to another but was almost constant in the same individual. The results obtained underline the usefulness of routinely monitoring antidepressant plasma levels in children. PMID- 7110989 TI - [Influence of cimetidine on bacterial growth in gastric fluid (author's transl)]. AB - Samples of gastric fluid were tested for pH and number of bacteria in 20 patients who received cimetidine 400 mg prior to selective gastric surgery. The results were compared with those obtained in a group of surgical patients who did not receive the drug. The cimetidine-treated patients had alkaline gastric fluid with pronounced bacterial growth (4.7 +/- 0.6 x 10(4) micro-organisms/ml), whereas 18/20 untreated patients has a sterile gastric fluid. Similar results were observed in 14 intensive care patients treated for 24 hours with cimetidine. The effect proved reversible: 12 hours after treatment was discontinued bacterial growth could only be demonstrated in 3/14 patients. Thus, short-term cimetidine treatment results in a rise of gastric pH with marked bacterial proliferation. This may have serious consequences in cimetidine-treated patients about to undergo gastric surgery or likely to develop aspiration pneumonia. PMID- 7110990 TI - [Non-surgical pneumoperitoneum complicating status epilepticus. Two cases (author's transl)]. AB - Two cases of pneumoperitoneum following status epilepticus are reported. In both patients perforation of a hollow viscus was excluded by laparotomy and status epilepticus had been accompanied by haematemesis. An increase in upper digestive tract pressure resulting from high abdominal pressure during seizures might have caused leakage of air into the peritoneum through lacerations in the lower oesophageal mucosa. Awareness of this mechanism of non-surgical peritoneum would avoid unnecessary exploratory laparotomy in these seriously ill patients. PMID- 7110991 TI - [Fluorocarbons: applications to cardiovascular surgery (author's transl)]. AB - Fluorocarbons are synthetic compounds capable of dissolving large amounts of gases (O2, CO2, N2, CO). The current availability of stable O2- carrying emulsions delivering substantial volumes of this gas to perfused tissues makes it possible to extend the potential clinical use of perfluorochemicals. In cardiology, fluorocarbons have proven experimentally efficient during cardiopulmonary bypass as blood substitutes, in cardioplegic and reperfusion solutions and as agents designed to reduce the size of acute myocardial infarcts. However, a more thorough understanding of their long-term effects on cells is needed before their routine clinical use can be considered. PMID- 7110993 TI - [Acute hemolysis caused by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency at the outset of myeloma therapy. Role of melphalan?]. PMID- 7110992 TI - [Pacemakers in infants and young children. A new implantation technique (author's transl)]. AB - Long-term stimulation of the heart in young children often raises technical problems, most of which are associated with the site of implantation of the pacemaker. For this reason, a new technique of implantation was devised with the following main stages: (1) the child is made to rest on its right side, with slight posterior declivity; (2) a pacemaker electrode is implanted on the left ventricle through a short left thoracic incision in the 5th intercostal space; (3) the pacemaker itself is implanted through a short lumbar incision into the space between the posterior peritoneum and the left renal fossa; it is attached to the costal grid. None of the complications usually reported (infection of the pacemaker cavity, displacement or exteriorization of the instrument) was observed in this series of 25 young patients. PMID- 7110994 TI - [Iatrogenic hyperkinetic syndrome caused by an antihistaminic]. PMID- 7110995 TI - [Pseudosciatica manifesting a tibial localization of Forestier's hyperostosis]. PMID- 7110996 TI - [Neurodysleptic syndrome induced by domperidone]. PMID- 7110998 TI - [Diseases transmitted by air conditioning. Occurrence in occupational medicine]. PMID- 7110997 TI - [Myoclonia caused by a combination of triprolidine, pseudoephedrine and paracetamol]. PMID- 7110999 TI - [Trichinosis of the central nervous system. One case (author's transl)]. AB - A case of trichinosis involving the cental nervous system is presented. The neurological symptoms developed 20 days after ingestion of the larvae and 3 days after the onset of facial oedema. They consisted of behavioural disorders, tetraparesis, incontinence and oculomotor paralysis. All symptoms progressively regressed. Computed tomography showed transient low-density areas in the white matter. The main manifestations and the physiopathological mechanisms (transport of the parasite through the bloodstream, immuno-allergic reaction) of cerebral trichinosis are discussed. PMID- 7111000 TI - [Hereditary diseases of the human erythrocyte membrane skeleton (author's transl)]. AB - The shape and, to some extent, the deformability of the human erythrocyte are dependent upon a proteinic cytoskeleton arranged as a net on the inner side of the membrane. The meshes of the net are composed of spectrin, a fibrillar protein, and the knots of protofilaments of actin and of a protein called 4.1 from its position a electrophoresis. The cytoskeleton is attached to the other proteins and lipids of the membrane, and on its stability depends that of the whole red cell. Several abnormalities of this formation, involving the structure and/or functions of spectrin and protein 4.1, have recently be detected by new techniques. These techniques have shown that different molecular disorders may results in spherical or elliptical erythrocytes, thereby demonstrating the heterogeneous biochemistry of inherited spherocytes and elliptocytes. PMID- 7111001 TI - [Carpal tunnel syndrome. Cosmetic incision (author's transl)]. AB - The median nerve compressed in the carpal tunnel can be released by an incision in the "line of life", a natural fold along the axis of the third metacarpal bone. By sectioning the carpal tunnel in the palm of the hand, on the cubital side of the median nerve, division of the external branch and of the sensory cutaneous rami of the nerve can be avoided. Hypertrophic scars are prevented. The part of the carpal tunnel situated in the forearm can be freed by a subcutaneous incision if needed, but compression at that level is much less frequent than in the palm of the hand. PMID- 7111002 TI - [Pure febrile forms of amebic abscess of the liver without hyperleukocytosis]. PMID- 7111003 TI - [Acute rhabdomyolysis in narcotic poisoning]. PMID- 7111004 TI - [Severe forms of purulent meningitis. Monitoring intracranial pressure]. PMID- 7111005 TI - [Use of digoxin in pregnancy. Dose-concentration, volume of distribution and elimination half-life]. PMID- 7111006 TI - [Visualization of the left coronary artery with two-dimensional echocardiography (author's transl)]. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of two-dimensional echocardiography of the left coronary artery (LCA). This vessel could be visualized in about 80% of the patients, and its pathological features (stenosis, density, irregularities) are described. The first prospective studies seem to have demonstrated the high predictive value of this method for LCA lesions (75%). Two-dimensional echocardiography deserves to be more widely used for non-invasive exploration of patients with coronary disease. PMID- 7111008 TI - [A case of iatrogenic chronic poisoning by arsenic and alcohol]. PMID- 7111009 TI - [A case of scurvy in Paris]. PMID- 7111007 TI - [Allergy to Hymenoptera venom (author's transl)]. AB - The venom injected with the sting of female Hymenoptera may be very dangerous to man. It contains toxic compounds similar to those of snake venom but these only affect men in case of numerous stings at the same time. In contrast, about 25% of the population may become sensitized to venom proteins (enzymes), the least common, but most serious, allergic reactions being anaphylactic shock, rarely fatal. Diagnosis rests upon questioning, skin tests with Hymenoptera venom and immunological investigations for specific IgE and IgG, the latter being considered as protective antibodies. First-aid treatment consists of adrenaline by inhalation and injection. The latest prophylactic treatment, which may protect 97% of the patients, is injections of Hymenoptera venom extracts. PMID- 7111010 TI - [Acute brucellosis with thrombopenia and cytotoxic antibodies]. PMID- 7111011 TI - [Stereotypy and akinesia after cimetidine in a cirrhotic patient with a portacaval anastomosis]. PMID- 7111012 TI - [Anemia caused by congenital dyserythropoiesis: type II (Hempas). Value of splenectomy]. PMID- 7111013 TI - [Hepatic metastasis. Cure by chemotherapy]. PMID- 7111014 TI - ["Leaded" calcium oxalate calculi, or double lead colic]. PMID- 7111016 TI - [Children born of leukemic parents. Apropos of 23 children]. AB - We have studied the children born of leukemic parents who treatment had stopped. In total, 8 women (3 acute myeloblastic leukemias and 5 acute lymphoblastic leukemias) who gave birth to 11 children, and 6 men (all with acute lymphoblastic leukemias) who fathered 12 children were studied. Of these 23 children, two have a severe congenital malformation, one congenital hypopituitarism associated with mid-line defect, and one laparoschisis, and also two benign abnormalities were observed. The children with abnormalities had a leukemic mother, whilst no leukemic father had an abnormal child. It is well known that the toxic effect of chemotherapy is different in the male and the female gonad. These results are compared to those in the literature, and at present it appears difficult to form a clear opinion on the delayed teratogenic effect of chemotherapy. Fecundity and the risk for future generations are unknown. The opening of an international registry would be useful. PMID- 7111015 TI - [Measurement of platelet volume: methodologic approach and application in diabetes]. AB - A comparative study of platelet count and platelet volume distribution was performed on whole blood (Coulter counter S+) or platelet rich plasma (Thrombo Coulter and Coulter ZBI + Channelyser C 1 000). With the exception of severe thrombocytopenia the results of platelet counts obtained with the coulter S + were very reproducible (CV less than 4%) and a good correlation was observed between results obtained on whole blood and on platelet rich plasma (PRP). The mean platelet volume (MPV) was significantly higher in whole blood than in PRP, but the difference was very slight, suggesting that platelet volume distribution in PRP and in whole blood are similar. In whole blood collected in EDTA MPV increased significantly during the 2 hours after blood collection and then reached a plateau. This finding underlines the need for a standard technique. Preliminary results obtained with the Coulter S + in 86 diabetic patients and in 73 unselected control subjects demonstrated a significant increase of MPV and of the index of platelet distribution (IDP) given by the apparatus, without modification of platelet count in diabetics. These results could suggest a compensated increased platelet consumption in the circulating blood. PMID- 7111017 TI - [Autoantibody-induced hemolytic anemia in chronic lymphocytic leukemia]. PMID- 7111018 TI - [The cost of blood diseases]. PMID- 7111019 TI - [The cost of blood diseases to the Assistance Publique of Paris]. PMID- 7111021 TI - Simultaneous stability of short alternating Z and B helices in synthetic DNA concatamers. AB - The conformation of d(TA)3 (CG)3 has been studied in aqueous solution in the presence of high salt concentration. The oligonucleotide forms in solution concatamers. In the presence of 5 M NaC1 the concatamer is built up of d(CG)3 blocks in Z-conformation and of d(TA)3 blocks in B-conformation. In the presence of 4 M LiCl both blocks in the concatamer display a B-type structure. PMID- 7111020 TI - Comparative sequence and structure of viroid-like RNAs of two plant viruses. AB - A newly discovered group of spherical plant viruses contains a bipartite genome consisting of a single-strand linear RNA molecule (RNA 1, Mr 1.5 x 10(6) ), and a single-strand, covalently closed circular viroid-like RNA molecule (RNA 2, Mr approximately 125,000). The nucleotide sequences of the RNA 2 of two of these, velvet tobacco mottle virus and solanum nodiflorum mottle virus, have been determined. RNA 2 of solanum nodiflorum mottle virus consists of 377 residues whereas that of velvet tobacco mottle virus consists of two approximately equimolar species, one of 366 residues and the other, with a single nucleotide deletion, of 365 residues. There is 92-95% sequence homology between the RNA 2 species of the two viruses. The predicted secondary structures possess extensive intramolecular base pairing to give rod-like structures similar to those of viroids. The structural similarities between the RNAs 2 of velvet tobacco mottle virus and solanum nodiflorum mottle virus and viroids may reflect functional similarities. PMID- 7111022 TI - 5,6-Saturated thymine lesions in DNA: production by ultraviolet light or hydrogen peroxide. AB - Thymine analogs with saturated 5-6 bonds are important types of DNA damage that are recognized by the DNA N-glycosylase activity of E. coli endonuclease III. Seeking agents which could preferentially form 5,6-hydrated thymine residues in duplex DNA both in vivo and in vitro, we exposed purified duplex DNA to 325- or 313-nm light; however, after such exposure pyrimidine dimers greatly predominated over 5,6-hydrated thymine. Hydrogen peroxide, on the other hand, formed significant numbers of endonuclease III-sensitive sites in vitro which were not apurinic/apyrimidinic lesions and thus were likely to be 5,6-hydrated thymines. PMID- 7111023 TI - Interaction of adriamycin with DNA as studied by resonance Raman spectroscopy. AB - Raman and resonance Raman spectra of the complex DNA-adriamycin in aqueous solution have been recorded and analysed. Calf thymus DNA was used and it is found that in the complex DNA-adriamycin the chromophore of adriamycin is intercalated in the GC sequences. The substituents on the rings give hydrogen bonding interactions with the base pairs above and below the intercalation site. It is suggested from the Raman and resonance Raman spectral modifications that the phenolic groups of the chromophore are involved in the drug-DNA intercalation, in addition to pi-pi, hydroxyl and amino group interactions. PMID- 7111024 TI - Variable methylation of the ribosomal RNA genes of the rat. AB - Both the pattern and level of rRNA gene methylation vary in the rat. This variation reflects stages in the maturation process and perhaps the level of gene expression in different tissues. We studied methylation at a common site, the inner cytosine of the sequence CCGG, by hybridizing 32P-rRNA to DNA digests obtained with endonuclease Msp I (which cleaves CCGG and CMCGG) and its isochizomer, HpaII (which cleaves only CCGG). In the liver, the changing pattern of rRNA gene methylation reflected the late stages of development: the rRNA genes were mostly unmethylated at 14 days gestation; by 18 days gestation, about 30% of them were methylated, and this level persisted into adulthood. In 18-day DNA, the methylation was uniform, but in adult DNA, the methylation pattern was discontinuous, because otherwise methylated genes contained a demethylated region. Similar developmental changes were observed in brain DNA. In a tissue culture cell line, the change from the continuous to the discontinuous pattern of the methylation could be induced by transformation with Kirsten sarcoma virus. And, in adult tissues, the lowest level of rRNA gene methylation was found in rapidly growing jejunal epithelium, and the highest level, in non-growing spermatozoa. PMID- 7111025 TI - The basic repeat unit of a Chironomus Balbiani ring gene. AB - A clone derived from the Balbiani ring b (BRb) gene of Chironomus thummi has been used to study the internal organization of that gene. Much of the gene consists of approximately 80 copies of a ca. 300 bp repeat unit, which are tandemly organized. The BRb clone contains a major part of that unit (242 bp). Sequence analysis shows that approximately 60% of the unit corresponds to short, tandemly organized subsequences, which encode peptides 8 to 11 residues long. In turn, each subsequence consists of even shorter internal repeats, corresponding to a tripeptide (consensus Proline. Serine. Lysine.). The remainder of the ca. 300 bp unit probably does not have obvious repetitive substructure. PMID- 7111026 TI - Increased level of prolactin gene sequences in bromodeoxyuridine treated GH cells. AB - The 5-bromodeoxyuridine-resistant (BrdUrdr) derivative (F1BGH12C1) of prolactin nonproducing (PRL-) rat pituitary tumor cell-subclone GH12C1, synthesize prolactin (PRL) in the presence of the drug. Analysis of nuclear RNA isolated from BrdUrd treated F1BHG12C1 cells demonstrated several high molecular weight RNA PRL sequences, similar to those observed in the nuclear RNA fraction of PRL producing (PRL+) GH3 cells. No such RNAPRL sequences could be detected in nuclear RNA fraction of untreated F1 BGH12C1 cells. PRL sequences in the genome of GH3 (PRL+), GH12C1 (PRL-) and F1BGH12C1 (PRL-, BrdUrdr) GH cells could be identified by blot analysis in 4.8-5.2kb fragment of restriction endonuclease, Hind III digested DNA. Both PRL+ and PRL- cells seem to have approximately the same level of PRL gene sequences in total cell DNA. However Hind III digested DNA of BrdUrd treated F1BGH12C cells revealed the presence of significantly higher levels of PRL gene sequences, in comparison, to that observed in total DNA of untreated cells. The increased level of PRL gene sequences was dependent on the period of drug treatment and a parallel increase in the cytoplasmic RNAPRL sequences was also observed. PMID- 7111027 TI - A critical analysis of a left-handed double helix model for B-DNA fibers. AB - A search for a left-handed double helix model for B-DNA fibers has been undertaken. The model has to present good stereochemistry and also to be in agreement with X-ray and infrared data. Dihedral angles as well as atomic coordinates and calculated intensities curves are given for the best model obtained. Comparison with experimental results shows that this model must be rejected as a candidate for the representation of B-DNA fibers. PMID- 7111028 TI - Complete nucleotide sequence of a sea urchin actin gene. AB - We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of a sea urchin actin gene, including the entire protein-coding sequence, introns and approximately 500 and 700 nucleotides adjacent to protein-coding-sequence on the 5' and 3' sides, respectively. This gene is split between codons 121 and 122 and within codon 204 by two introns which are 233 and 181 nucleotides in length, respectively. Comparison of the sequence of the two introns indicates a region of distant relatedness which covers about 25% of their lengths, suggesting that these sequences might have derived from a common ancestral sequence. The encoded amino acid sequence, which matches plasmic-like than muscle-like when compared to vertebrate actins. Analysis of the coding-flanking regions indicates the presence of sequences similar to those thought to be important for initiation of transcription and polyadenylation of mRNA. The location of these sequences and the size of an actin mRNA, transcribed from this or a very closely related gene, suggests that initiation occurs 347 nucleotides 5' of coding and polyadenylation approximately 515 nucleotides 3' of coding. PMID- 7111030 TI - [Diagnostic criteria in the William-Beuren syndrome. Report of 5 cases]. PMID- 7111029 TI - Viscometric analysis of the interaction of bisphenanthridinium compounds with closed circular supercoiled and linear DNA. AB - The interaction with closed circular supercoiled and linear DNA of bisphenanthridinium compounds substituted through both the meta and para positions of the 6-phenyl group, along with appropriate monomer intercalators as controls, has been investigated by viscometric titration. When CPK models for the phenanthridinium rings of the three bis-compounds are oriented in a parallel manner as a model for intercalation, their ring plane to ring plane distances are approximately 7 to 8 A (SR 2430), 11 A (SR 2193), and 15 A (SR 2166). In SR 2430 the two phenanthridines are linked through the para positions of the 6-phenyl group; this chain allows intercalation of the two rings at adjacent binding sites in DNA, but is not long enough to accommodate an excluded site. The viscometric titrations with both superhelical and linear DNA clearly indicate that SR 2430 gives results close to those of the monomer control compounds while SR 2193 and SR 2166 have approximately twice the unwinding angle and DNA length increase on binding to DNA as the monomer compounds. These phenanthridinium compounds, therefore, are capable of bisintercalation only if their linking groups are of sufficient length to allow an excluded binding site between base pairs. This conclusion is supported by DNA thermal denaturation experiments in the presence of these compounds. PMID- 7111031 TI - [Effect of obstructive malformations on the gastrointestinal tract on bilirubin levels in newborn infants]. AB - The authors have reviewed their cases of neonatal obstructive malformations of the intestinal tract and analyzed the incidence of association with indirect hyperbilirubinemia. 39 patients in four years are considered. In 23 of them there is a bilirubin level greater than 5 mg/100 ml. A great number of high bilirubin levels (greater than 15 mg/100 ml) is associated with volvulus, malrotations and intestinal atresias. Bilirubin levels between 11 and 15 mg/100 ml are often connected with meconium ileus while ano-rectal atresias have a low bilirubin level (less than 5 mg/100 ml). The reported data allow to conclude that the jaundice is an early, but unfortunately, not specific symptom of congenital intestinal obstruction. The entero-hepatic circulation seems to be an important cause of the neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. PMID- 7111032 TI - [Neonatal neurologic follow-up]. PMID- 7111033 TI - [Reye's syndrome: description of a clinical case]. PMID- 7111034 TI - [Polycystic disease. Description of 2 cases manifested in the neonatal period]. PMID- 7111035 TI - [A case of congenital hereditary lymphedema (Milroy-Nonne's disease]. PMID- 7111036 TI - [Is it possible to improve the prognosis of congenital nephrosis?]. AB - Two cases of congenital nephrotic syndrome (C.N.S.) with a prolonged survival are related. The AA. outline some clinical and immunological features which are already known but not currently employed to therapeutic ends. Probably due to metabolic disorders, the biological and clinical hypothyroidism is a prominent problem which worsens either poor skeleton maturation or neurological development of these patients; adequate doses of thyroid hormone produced a marked increase of the muscular tone, skeleton maturation and neuropsychological development in both patients. Periodic plasma administration (2-3 times monthly) during the first year of life, and a great care to avoid all extra-family contacts and infections in the same period, resulted to be the prevalent reason of the prolonged survival of these children (the plasma acting as a source of proteins and immunoglobulins). The immunologic assessment demonstrated in both children as marked depression of T-cells number and function, besides a hypogammaglobulinemia. This aspect of the immunocompetent system is similar in C.N.S. and nephrotic syndrome of the aged children and perhaps could approach the pathogenesis of the two diseases. The cases related demonstrate that a better assistance is possible and necessary in order to obtain the longest survival of these patients and therefore the best results in dialitic treatment and in transplantation programs. PMID- 7111037 TI - [Asymptomatic microhematuria]. AB - Microscopic haematuria is an urinary finding more and more frequently observed in routine analysis in childhood; the diagnostic problems, most of which unresolved, are yet the principal questions of concern. We have studied 123 patients during five years from 1975 to 1980, and followed them for 1-8 years (mean 4 years). Our experience allowed us to consider "normal" or without remarkable pathologic significance a urinary finding less than or equal to 5.000 RBC/m' at the Addis count. Such findings were pointed out in 55 cases (44%); 27 patients (22%) had 5 10.000 RBC/m', 34 cases (27,6%) presented 10-50.000 RBC/m' and 7 cases (5,7%) had more then 50.000 RBC/m'. The familiar background, the clinical, biological and immunological data, the roentgenographic investigations and the renal biopsy carried out in the 4 groups of patients, led us to the following conclusions: 1) 26% of the 123 cases had a "unexplained;; microscopic haematuria with complete lack of anamnestic data, symptomatology and with normal biological findings. 2) in 65,8% of the cases it was possible to discover frequent upper respiratory tract infections (and allergy in 5,6% of them). 3) in 26% of the patients we discovered a previous or actual genito-urinary (10,5% and 15,5% respectively) infection: 9,4% of 96 urography demonstrated a variable degree of nephro urological abnormalities. 4) 23 children (18,7%) was selected for renal biopsy, primarily by the hypocomplementemia and positive anti-DNA ab. test, and secondly by elevated degree of microhematuria. The histological and immunohistochemical studies demonstrated the presence of mesangial proliferation glomerulonephritis with IgG-IgA-C3 deposits in 7 cases (30% of the cases biopsied and 5,6% of the total), 69,6% of the cases had only minimal charges with negative immunofluorescence. 5) A mean follow-up of 4 years in two groups of patients (less than or greater than 6 years of age) has demonstrated that microscopic haematuria remains unchanged in 18-19% of both groups. A more marked improvement or normalization has been documented in the children more than 6 years aged (p less than 0,001) while a worsening has been observed in the children less than 6 years aged (p less than 0,005), with a statistically significant difference between the two groups considered. PMID- 7111038 TI - [Study of factors affecting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the premature infant]. AB - Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAA), Na-K dietary intake and Na-K urinary excretion in 36 premature babies have been investigated. The plasmatic renin activity (PRA) and plasmatic aldosterone level (P-aldo) resulted significantly increased in comparison with children previously studied, 20 days - 23 months old (p less than 0,01). P-aldo demonstrated, in premature babies, a negative correlation with Na-K intake and urinary excretion (p less than 0,001 and less than 0,01 respectively); in the groups nourished with maternal milk or "adapted" formulae P-aldo mean value was significantly more elevated than in the group nourished with formulae "unadapted" (p less than 0,01). A different Na dietary intake seems to be the most important factor influencing P-aldo level also in premature babies. No correlation between PRA - electrolyte excretion was found in any group. The main factor influencing PRA seems to be the age of infants as well as, probably, other hemodynamic mechanisms. PMID- 7111039 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic problems in lupus nephritis]. AB - A review of the SLE in the paediatric age in performed to underline the peculiarity of the disease in children: age, frequency, symptomatology, renal histology, clinical course, therapy and correlated side effects are reported according to literature data. The A.A. describe six cases of lupus nephritis, observed in the last few years, which confirm the diagnostic difficulties and the wide variety in the evolution of the disease. A favourable course of the disease was obtained in three cases, with corticosteroid and immuno-depressive treatment (used in association and/or alternatively); a fourth case developed some therapeutic complications among which an avascular bilateral bone necrosis, leucopenia, alopecia and herpes zoster. In two cases the SLE led to chronic renal failure owing to many relapses of the disease, enhanced by therapeutic break or dosage reduction. A careful surveillance of these patients is of fundamental importance in the management of the disease in order to obtain the longer survival and the lesser side effects. PMID- 7111040 TI - [Chelating therapy in beta-thalassemia]. AB - The iron overload is the most common cause of death among transfusion dependent subjects affected by thalassemia major and other congenital anemias. The lesions caused by iron overload are found especially in liver, endocrine glands and heart. Among the various drugs able to remove the iron excess from the organs, desferrioxamine (DF) remains the only one used. The Authors report their experience with this drug in beta-thalassemia major and in beta-thalassemia intermedia patients. The results demonstrate that the subcutaneous administration of DF (40 mg/kg/die) is able to take the patients with thalassemia major in iron negative balance since their third year of life. No important untoward effects are reported. Periodic check with slit lamp has revealed no ocular alteration in 35 subjects. In thalassemia intermedia there is also iron overload due to increased iron absorption. It is probable that these patients too can present the same alterations observed in transfusion dependent beta-thalassemia omozygotes. In order to prevent these lesions it will be necessary to reduce iron absorption since early childhood. PMID- 7111042 TI - [Sudden infant death syndrome: a problem still unsolved]. PMID- 7111041 TI - [Echocardiographic and polycardiographic findings in multiple-transfused patients with thalassemia major]. AB - Echocardiographic and policardiographic measurements were carried out in 11 thalassemic major patients between 2 and 24 years of age, kept at on average Hb level of 9,77 gr.% (+/- 1,13) and who underwent chelation therapy with Deferoxamine subcutaneous and Vit. C. The echocardiographic examination gave normal values in 7 patients. In 4 patients underwent enlargement of the left ventricle: only in the telediastolic diameter in one case, with progressive involvement of the aorta and the left atrium in another 3 cases. Such alterations, as have already been recorded by various researchers, are probably the result of a condition due to the anemia state of the younger patients, whereas in older and polytransfused patients may be attributed to iron overload. No parameters surveyed by the polycardiographic examination indicated significant alterations in cardiac efficiency, except of one patient. The importance of echocardiography should be stressed; it is a simple, non invasive way of recording early cardiac alterations in thalassemic major patients and enables long-term monitoring of cardiac function in the assessment of the effectiveness of the chelation therapy. PMID- 7111043 TI - ["Follow-up" milk in infant nutrition]. PMID- 7111045 TI - [Indocyanine green binding by serum proteins in acute viral hepatitis and hepatic coma]. PMID- 7111047 TI - [Endoscopic papillotomy in the treatment of cholelithiasis]. PMID- 7111046 TI - [Comparison of the effectiveness of methenamine hippurate and nitrofurantoin in the prevention of recurrence of urinary tract infections]. PMID- 7111044 TI - [Bronchological diagnosis of pulmonary diseases]. PMID- 7111048 TI - [Serum reverse triiodothyronine concentration in the aged]. PMID- 7111049 TI - [Asthma coexisting with aspirin hypersensitivity. A clinical study]. PMID- 7111050 TI - [Unilateral renal artery embolism as a cause of acute renal failure]. PMID- 7111052 TI - [Irritable colon syndrome: its etiology, diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 7111051 TI - [Levamisole in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7111053 TI - Multifocal or chaotic atrial rhythm: report of nine infants, delineation of clinical course and management, and review of the literature. AB - Nine infants with episodic or continuous chaotic atrial rhythm (CAR) are presented. In addition to 3 or more different P-wave contours, atrial rates greater than 100 per minute, variable PP, RR, and PR intervals, and a discrete isoelectric baseline, findings included atrial rates that varied from a low of 50 to 120 to a high of 140 to 270 per minute, ventricular rates that varied from a low of 40 to 50 to a high of 180 to 270 per minute, and periodic sinus arrest with junctional escape rhythm. Except for the arrhythmia, all had a normal cardiac examination, ECG, chest x-ray film, and echocardiogram. Six infants were otherwise normal; one had an orbital rhabdomyosarcoma; one had neonatal asphyxia; and one had respiratory distress, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and an intraventricular cerebral hemorrhage. The CAR persisted from 3 days to 20 months; it spontaneously reverted to normal sinus rhythm in 8 infants and persists in 1 infant at age 7 months. Digoxin (4 patients), propranolol hydrochloride (3 patients), quinidine sulfate (2 patients), and lidocaine (1 patient) did not alter the CAR. No patient had heart failure secondary to the CAR, although three also had episodes of sustained atrial tachycardia, which while present caused heart failure. All patients are functioning normally at home and have normal findings on cardiac examination and have normal ECGs at ages 3 to 38 months. Seven are in normal sinus rhythm, one has rare atrial premature contractions, and one has persistent CAR. We conclude that specific treatment was not necessary in these infants with CAR, except in those with associated sustained atrial tachycardia, which itself may cause heart failure. PMID- 7111055 TI - Anomalous semilunar valve relationships in transposition of the great arteries. PMID- 7111054 TI - The ductus arterious and associated cardiac anomalies in interruption of the aortic arch. AB - Seventeen heart specimens with aortic arch interruption, a ductus-dependent anomaly, were investigated. In all specimens the cardiac anatomy favoured a preferential flow into the pulmonary artery (from which the blood could reach the descending aorta through the ductus). Ten specimens had the interruption proximal to the left subclavian artery (type B) and nine of these presented solely with an outflow tract septal defect. On the other hand, six of seven specimens with the interruption distal to the left subclavian artery (type A) were associated with more complex heart malformations. The ductus was studied histologically in the 12 available arches without surgical intervention. The structure of the ductal wall, the components of which could extend considerably into the descending aorta and the pulmonary artery, ranged from that seen in a normal, mature ductus with prominent intimal cushions, to a totally abnormal persistent type with no intimal cushions and with marked elastification. This variability in ductal wall structure and the distribution of ductal tissue in the descending aorta and pulmonary artery has clinical and surgical consequences. PMID- 7111056 TI - Retrograde cardiovascular angiography in infants, using a 3.6 French catheter. AB - Diagnostic retrograde arterial catheterization in infants, and small children has been constrained by the risk of arterial thrombosis and the low flow rate of catheters less than #5 French. We performed retrograde arterial catheterization (percutaneous technique in 21 of 24 patients) on 24 infants and small children (median age 3 months, median weight 4.1 kg), using a 3.6 French performed polyethylene catheter. Systemic heparinization was used. Among the group, we performed 23 aortograms, and 4 selective injections into a bronchial artery; all angiograms were of diagnostic quality. Injection rates ranged from 3 cc/sec to 10 cc/sec (median 5 cc/sec) with a peak developed pressure of 300 PSI to 900 PSI (median 700 PSI). No catheter-related complications were encountered during the study. Four of 24 patients developed a decreased pulse, noted immediately following the catheterization; however, pulses returned to normal within 24 hours, and late blood pressure assessment revealed no abnormalities in the catheterized leg. We now recommend this catheter for infants less than 10 kg when the following angiograms are required: 1. retrograde aortography (truncus arteriosus, pulmonary atresia, aortic stenosis, coarctation, coronary anomalies) 2. selective injections of bronchial arteries 3. retrograde catheterization of surgical shunts. PMID- 7111057 TI - Aortography by countercurrent injection via the radial artery in infants with congenital heart disease. AB - Aortography by countercurrent injection into the radial artery as performed for analysis of aortic arch anomalies in 12 infants with congenital heart disease. Eleven aortograms were obtained without complications, but one failed. Coarctation of the aorta, patent ductus arteriosus, aberrant origin of the right subclavian artery, interrupted aortic arch, anomalous origin of the right pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta, and hypoplastic ascending aorta were demonstrated by this method. Patency of the reconstructed aortic arch was confirmed in the postoperative study of the case of interrupted aortic arch. Aortography by countercurrent injection via the radial artery affords an easy, safe, and simple bedside means for analysis of aortic arch anomalies without retrograde arterial catheterization. The latter is occasionally complicated by thrombosis of the artery in small infants. PMID- 7111058 TI - Umbilical vascular catheters: localization by two-dimensional echocardio/aortography. AB - Umbilical vascular catheters are often necessary in the care of critically ill neonates. Position of the catheter tip is usually determined by roentgenography. Location of the umbilical arterial or venous catheter was determined by 2 dimensional echocardio/aortography in 55 consecutive infants and was compared to localization by thoraco-abdominal roentgenography. Most of the infants (76%) had respiratory distress syndrome or congenital heart disease. Echocaortographic localization of the umbilical arterial catheter correlated very closely (N = 50, sr = .90) with roentgenographic determination. For localization of the tip of the umbilical venous catheters, echocardiography was more accurate than roentgenography (employing contrast echocardiography for confirmation of cardiac chamber position). Two-dimensional echocardio/aortographic localization of the tip of indwelling umbilical vascular catheters is as accurate as roentgenography in the arterial system and more accurate than x-ray for umbilical venous catheters. Echocardio/aortography is superior to roentgenography (in localizing the catheter tip) because it 1) avoids ionizing radiation, 2) makes positioning of the patient unnecessary, 3) allows visualization of the catheter in relation to cardiovascular structures, and 4) may allow demonstration of intraarterial thrombo-emboli. PMID- 7111061 TI - Fatal over-distention of an atrioseptostomy catheter. PMID- 7111060 TI - Decorticate posture following 'cardiac cocktail': a transient complication of sedation for catheterization. PMID- 7111059 TI - Hypercarbia in the infant with congenital cardiac disease. PMID- 7111062 TI - Bacterial endocarditis and renal failure in a 10-year-old boy. PMID- 7111063 TI - [Toxoplasmosis in patients of a gynecologic-obstetric outpatient clinic in Tarnow]. PMID- 7111064 TI - [Thiamine penetration into erythrocytes of patients with chronic renal failure treated with repeated dialyses]. PMID- 7111065 TI - [Case of hormonally active parathyroid adenoma]. PMID- 7111066 TI - [Idiopathic pneumoperitoneum]. PMID- 7111067 TI - [Effect of low-molecular uremic toxins on the metabolic systems of human erythrocytes]. PMID- 7111068 TI - [Toxoplasmosis. Its etiology, pathogenesis and clinical aspects]. PMID- 7111070 TI - [Usefulness of salivary gland scintigraphy in the diagnosis of Sjogren's syndrome]. PMID- 7111069 TI - [Personality features of a hospital department head in the light of psychological studies]. PMID- 7111071 TI - [Lysozyme activity and granulocyte index assessment in patients with ulcerative colitis. Its dependence on the clinical course of the disease]. PMID- 7111072 TI - [Vitamin metabolism in alcoholism]. PMID- 7111074 TI - [Bronchial foreign bodies]. PMID- 7111073 TI - [Reactivity of peripheral blood leukocytes in patients with post-influenza pneumonia]. PMID- 7111075 TI - [Angiogranuloma in malignant melanoma]. PMID- 7111076 TI - [Determination of digitalis glycosides in the body for monitoring the dosage of these preparations in patients with chronic circulatory failure. Different methods]. PMID- 7111077 TI - [Prognostic significance of early ventricular fibrillation for the course of the hospital phase of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7111078 TI - [Lymphocyte transformation test in patients with chronic viral myocarditis treated with prednisone]. PMID- 7111079 TI - [Hemodilution effect on the electrocardiogram and left-ventricular contraction dynamics in patients with obliterative arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 7111080 TI - [Importance of coronary artery stenosis not exceeding 50 percent of the lumen in the diagnosis of chest pain]. PMID- 7111081 TI - [Music therapy used as a supplementary treatment in spastic colitis]. PMID- 7111082 TI - [Value of controlled arterial hypotension induced by sodium nitroprusside in cerebrovascular surgery]. PMID- 7111083 TI - [Pathogenesis of thyroid regeneration in women following strumectomy]. PMID- 7111084 TI - [Methods of early detection of pulmonary edema]. PMID- 7111085 TI - [Neck tumor as the first sign of embryonal testicular carcinoma]. PMID- 7111086 TI - [Melanosis coli]. PMID- 7111087 TI - [Revival of activated charcoal in clinical toxicology]. PMID- 7111088 TI - [Use of a mathematical model in the monitoring of treatment of chronic congestive heart failure]. PMID- 7111090 TI - [Anemia in the course of protracted infections and neoplastic diseases]. PMID- 7111089 TI - [Pathophysiology of the regulation of erythropoiesis and aplastic anemia]. PMID- 7111091 TI - [Practical remarks on the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmunohemolytic anemias]. PMID- 7111092 TI - [Isotope diagnosis of anemia]. PMID- 7111093 TI - [When and how to treat anemia?]. PMID- 7111094 TI - [Macrophage injury--a new method of treating idiopathic thrombocytopenia]. PMID- 7111095 TI - [Small doses of cerulein in ascending cholangiopancreatography]. PMID- 7111097 TI - [Clinical pharmacology of diclofenac]. PMID- 7111096 TI - [Unusual complications of acute cholecystitis]. PMID- 7111098 TI - [Urinary enzymes and their importance in the diagnosis of renal diseases]. PMID- 7111099 TI - [Undesirable and harmful effects of analgesics, X-ray contrast media and antitetanus serum]. PMID- 7111100 TI - Splenectomy in agnogenic myeloid metaplasia: factors of possible prognostic significance. PMID- 7111101 TI - Oral theophylline in chronic heart failure. PMID- 7111102 TI - Pulmonary embolism--a long-term follow-up. PMID- 7111103 TI - Peritoneal biopsy for diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis. PMID- 7111104 TI - The many faces of idiopathic oedema of women. PMID- 7111106 TI - Mixed connective tissue disease presenting as trigeminal neuropathy. PMID- 7111107 TI - Hemiagenesis of the thyroid gland and T3 hyperthyroidism. PMID- 7111105 TI - Sleep apnoea occurring only in REM (possible relevance of the case for some cot deaths). PMID- 7111108 TI - Strongyloidiasis and chronic urticaria. PMID- 7111109 TI - Natural history of severe thrombocytopenia in infectious mononucleosis. PMID- 7111110 TI - Echocardiographic visualization of the anatomic causes of mitral regurgitation resulting from myocardial infarction. PMID- 7111111 TI - Symptoms and diagnostic delay in patients with carcinoma of oesophagus and gastric cardia: a retrospective study of 225 patients. PMID- 7111112 TI - Nodular purpura in infancy. PMID- 7111113 TI - Reversible pulmonary hypertension in sarcoidosis. PMID- 7111114 TI - Thyrotoxic crisis following eclampsia and induction of labour. PMID- 7111115 TI - Myotonic dystrophy complicated by peripheral vascular disease. PMID- 7111116 TI - Pulmonary embolism presenting as adult respiratory distress syndrome-support for a hypothesis. PMID- 7111117 TI - Stenosis of the colon following acute pancreatitis. PMID- 7111118 TI - Corticosteroid induced remission of oesophageal involvement in mixed connective tissue disease. PMID- 7111119 TI - Cholestatic jaundice due to toxoplasma hepatitis. PMID- 7111120 TI - Fulminant hepatic failure in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PMID- 7111121 TI - Pathological stage ie lymphoma of the testis treated by local surgery alone. PMID- 7111122 TI - Kocher-Debre-Semelaigne syndrome and congenital nystagmus. PMID- 7111123 TI - Angioneurotic oedema and urticaria induced by hyoscine butylbromide. PMID- 7111124 TI - Pleuropericardial effusion associated with minoxidil administration. PMID- 7111125 TI - The effect of feeding variable concentrations of monensin on the control of coccidiosis. AB - Chickens were given concentrations of monensin in the feed which increased at weekly intervals (60 to 121 ppm). This resulted in a fairly constant intake of drug (mg/k body weight). Such chickens consumed less drug than those given monensin at 121 ppm. Chickens given variable concentrations of drug in the food were well protected against coccidiosis judged by the parameters of lesion scores and mortality. Total body weight of these chickens was greater and lesion scores at 28 days were lower compared with chickens given constant levels of monensin, but the differences were not significant. These results suggest that adequate control of coccidiosis in broilers could be achieved by administering a relatively low concentration of an anticoccidial 0 to 3 weeks followed by a high concentration. PMID- 7111126 TI - Response of broilers to hyperthermic stress following treatment with a new cyclo oxygenase inhibitor. AB - Two trials were conducted using broiler chickens to test the efficacy of pretreatment with Banamine, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, on various heat stress indices. Significant differences were found in peripheral prostaglandin F (PGF) levels between immature male and female broilers with pullets having a higher concentration. Females also had less mortality during the hyperthermic challenge, which was independent of medication treatment. Confinement and transport of male broilers resulted in elevated levels of PGF, which were markedly lowered near the time of heat stress death. All levels of Banamine appeared to give some measure of protection against heat stress in male broilers as evidenced by higher survival rates and longer survival times. PMID- 7111127 TI - Changes in intestinal galactose and leucine transport during development in the chick: effect of low external calcium. AB - There is some controversy in the literature as to the changes in sugar and amino acid absorption capacity by chicks during intestinal development in the posthatching period. For this reason, the transport of 5mM D-galactose and 4 mM L leucine was studied in the mild intestine of the developing chick (range: 1 day to 35 days after hatch). In everted sacs, the net transepithelial transport of both substrates was maximal in the 1 to 3 days period and then it declined over the next 4 weeks. The final serosal:mucosal concentration ratio for galactose was 3.58 in 1 to 3-day-old chicks and fell to 1.62 in 26 to 30-day-old birds, while for leucine it fell from 3.52 to 1.50 in the same period. In intestinal rings from 1-day-old chicks, the uptake of 1 mM galactose after 1 min incubation was four times greater than in older animals. When the external calcium concentration was reduced from 2.5 mM (controls) to .1 mM the transport of galactose and leucine was markedly reduced: galactose transport was inhibited by 68 to 57% in 1 to 28-day-old chicks; leucine transport was inhibited by 82 to 50% in 1 to 7-day old chicks with no significant effect thereafter. PMID- 7111128 TI - Furazolidone in turkey tissues following a 14-day feeding trial. AB - Feed supplemented with furazolidone was fed to turkeys on a research farm near Modesto, CA. The birds fed furazolidone-medicated feed were housed in isolated pens in a manner to prevent any cross contamination from an adjoining treatment. Furazolidone-medicated feed was supplied to the ration for 14 days prior to withdrawal with two exceptions; the controls were not fed medicated feed, and a 400 g/ton treatment was fed for 24 hr prior to processing. Treatments, representing different withdrawal periods, ranged from 0 to 21 days. Two 400 g/ton treatments with 0-day withdrawal periods were included in the study. One of these treatments involved a 14-day medicated feeding period while the other was for 24 hr. All other treatments were fed medicated feed at the rate of 200 g/ton. Tissue samples from the processed birds included skin, fat, liver, kidney, as well as breast and thigh muscle. No detectable residues were found in any of the liver, kidney, fat, or muscle tissues at any of the withdrawal periods including the 0-day withdrawal groups. Skin tissues contained detectable furazolidone residues only in the 0-day withdrawal treatments, and even these levels were below the 2 ppb level. PMID- 7111129 TI - Effect of probucol on reproductive performance, egg yolk cholesterol content, and lipid metabolism in the laying hen. AB - Egg production type chickens were given the drug Probucol in their diets to determine its effect on egg production characteristics, liver lipid metabolism, egg yolk lipid synthesis, and egg yolk cholesterol concentration. In none of the three trials conducted did Probucol feeding affect egg production or body weight. The drug reduced total liver lipogenesis as measured by incorporation of 14C acetate by surviving liver slices. Relative incorporation of 14C-acetate into cholesterol by liver was increased by the drug. However, in ovo incorporation of 14C-acetate in total yolk lipids remains unchanged and relative incorporation into yolk cholesterol is reduced. As a result, egg yolk cholesterol content is reduced by 5% with the .10% dietary level of drug administration. PMID- 7111130 TI - A comparison of diethylstilbestrol- and estradiol-17 beta-induced vitellogenesis in quail. AB - Japanese quail were injected intramuscularly with .125 to 32 mumole/100 g body weight of estradiol-17 beta (E2) or diethylstilbestrol (DES). During the following 8 days, vitellogenesis was assessed in these birds by measuring plasma concentrations of protein-bound phosphorus (PBP; vitellogenin is a phosphoprotein), calcium, and total protein. Blood packed cell volumes were recorded also. Plasma PBP concentrations of E2-injected male and female quail increased to .83 and .96 mg/ml from control values of .004 and .12 mg/ml, respectively. Doses of 8 to 32 (males) or 4 to 32 (females) mumole E2/100 g body weight induced similar initial rates of vitellogenesis, but the duration of vitellogenesis increased with increasing doses of hormone. In male quail, low doses of DES (.5 to 4.0 mumole/100 g body weight) were more effective than equal doses of E2 in inducing increases in plasma PBP levels. However, the maximum PBP concentrations attained with high doses of DES were less than those attained with equal doses of E2 (.53 and .83 mg/ml, respectively). PMID- 7111131 TI - Effect of blocking T4-monodeiodination on hatching in chickens. AB - Chick embryos were injected with iopanoic acid (IOP) on either day 17 or 18 of incubation, and radioimmunoassays of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) in serum and thyroid glands were performed from day 19 on through pipping and hatching and 1 day after hatching. The IOP was able to block T4 to T3 conversion in chick embryos from day 19 of incubation. Blocking T4 conversion did not delay hatching significantly, nor did it affect embryonic mortality significantly. Yolk sac retraction was not affected at hatching. A rise in serum reverse T3 (rT3) and T4 was observed after IOP administration. The rise in T4 could not be explained solely by a decreased T4 conversion. The results indicated that peripheral monodeiodination occurs in the late chick embryo. PMID- 7111132 TI - A simple, rapid fat biopsy technique to monitor pesticide residues in chickens. PMID- 7111133 TI - Sickle cell disease. PMID- 7111135 TI - Muscular dystrophy. PMID- 7111134 TI - Prescribing for unlawful sexual intercourse. PMID- 7111136 TI - Inflammatory myopathies. PMID- 7111137 TI - Myasthenia gravis. PMID- 7111139 TI - Myotonic disorders. PMID- 7111138 TI - Clinical aspects of the metabolic myopathies. PMID- 7111140 TI - Endocrine myopathies. PMID- 7111141 TI - Cramps, stiffness and restless legs. PMID- 7111142 TI - Overweight/obese patients: an overview. PMID- 7111143 TI - Glue sniffing. Background features and treatment by aversion methods and group therapy. PMID- 7111144 TI - From a casebook of behaviour therapy in general practice (1). PMID- 7111145 TI - From a casebook of behaviour therapy in general practice (2). PMID- 7111147 TI - Stitches in the proper place. PMID- 7111146 TI - Home-monitoring of blood glucose. PMID- 7111148 TI - Clinical pharmacology--pro-drugs. PMID- 7111150 TI - Oculo-cerebro-renal syndrome (Lowe's syndrome)--a report of three cases. PMID- 7111149 TI - Contraceptive cover for rubella vaccination. PMID- 7111151 TI - Methyldopa-induced chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 7111153 TI - Exercise-induced hypoglycemia. PMID- 7111154 TI - The role of the computer in general practice. PMID- 7111152 TI - A case of dermatitis artefacta. PMID- 7111156 TI - The symposium: dermatology. PMID- 7111155 TI - A house officer attachment in general practice. PMID- 7111157 TI - The nature and management of pruritus. PMID- 7111158 TI - Skin infestations. PMID- 7111159 TI - Warts and their management. PMID- 7111161 TI - Skin diseases of immigrants. PMID- 7111163 TI - Psoriasis in England and Wales. PMID- 7111160 TI - The effects of sunlight on the skin. PMID- 7111162 TI - Common tumours of the skin. PMID- 7111164 TI - Porphyria cutanea tarda in association with Sjogren's syndrome. PMID- 7111166 TI - Henoch-Schonlein purpura in an elderly patient. PMID- 7111165 TI - Ultraviolet radiation and skin carcinoma: the Dead Sea paradox. PMID- 7111167 TI - Lumbar striae in adolescents. PMID- 7111168 TI - Insertion of intra-uterine devices. Some technical considerations: II. PMID- 7111169 TI - Artificial insemination by donor (AID). PMID- 7111170 TI - Iliopsoas bursitis--a surgically correctable cause of lower limb oedema. PMID- 7111171 TI - [Funnel chest and the funnel chest operation: effects on the heart, hemodynamics and lung]. PMID- 7111172 TI - [Changes in the sensitivity of the bronchial system induced by histamine and allergens (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111173 TI - [Allergy to D. pteronyssinus in librarians (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111174 TI - [Efficacy of mass radiography in Schleswig-Holstein (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111175 TI - [Severe leiomyofibromatosis of the lungs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111178 TI - [Prognosis of bronchogenic carcinoma after surgery in relation to tumour stage (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111177 TI - [Urogenital tuberculosis]. PMID- 7111176 TI - [A comparison of the accuracy of three bioptic methods in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111179 TI - [Radiological features of pulmonary fibrosis in tool grinders (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111181 TI - [Biological availability of two theophylline preparations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111180 TI - [The clinical and radiographic course of sarcoidosis stage II-III (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111182 TI - [Fatal avian-type mycobacterial septicaemia associated with an immune defect, a contribution to the "mycobacterial histiocytosis" problem (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111183 TI - [Automatic BTPS compensation; clinical application (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111184 TI - [Serodiagnosis of syphilis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111185 TI - [Computed tomography of the spine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111187 TI - [Septicemia due to staphylococcus aureus, mitral-valve insufficiency, analgesic abuse (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111186 TI - [Recurrent lung infection and late-onset immunitary deficiency related to a thymoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111189 TI - [Radiation protection during radioiodine treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111188 TI - [Thyroid neoplasms: treatment with thyroid hormones after thyroidectomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111190 TI - [What can clinical cytology offer the ambulatory patient? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111191 TI - [Poisonous snake bite treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111192 TI - [Emergencies in pediatrics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111193 TI - [Psychiatric emergencies in general practice: medical and legal aspects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111194 TI - [Management of idiopathic facial palsy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111195 TI - [The Madonna-subconscious (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111196 TI - [Villous tumors of the duodenum: a precancerous lesion? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111197 TI - [Does the polyps cancer sequence apply to the duodenum? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111198 TI - [Primary carcinoma of the duodenum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111199 TI - [Juvenile carcinoma of the duodenum in two brothers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111200 TI - [Primary malignant lymphoma of the duodenum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111201 TI - [Cardiac rehabilitation early in the convalescence phase and of patients with residual complications (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111202 TI - [Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and acute renal failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111203 TI - [Thromoembolic disease in patients with malignancy (a clinical study of 198 tumor patients) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111204 TI - [Geriatrics must become a medical education priority (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111205 TI - [Special aspects of hypertension and hypotension in the elderly (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111206 TI - [Reflexions on Management in Geriatrics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111207 TI - [Neurotic syndromes in old age (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111208 TI - [Drug dependence in Switzerland (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111209 TI - [Dermatological entomology. The practical medical importance of mites and insects in Switzerland and its adjoining regions. 34. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis]. PMID- 7111211 TI - [Epidemiological and socio-economic aspects of borderline hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111210 TI - [Borderline or mild hypertension--a daily problem in medical practice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111212 TI - [Indapamide: its action in animals and man (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111213 TI - [Studies of antihypertensional mechanism of indapamide (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111214 TI - [Diuretic treatment and serum lipoproteins: effects of tienilic acid and indapamide (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111215 TI - [Cyematopathology. Principles and recommendations for practical handling of pathologico-anatomic and histologic examinations in abortions, diseases and death of premature and full-term infants]. PMID- 7111216 TI - [Capillary sclerosis of the urinary tract caused by abuse of an analgesic agent (phenacetin)]. PMID- 7111217 TI - [The role of the pathologist in the staging-controlled therapy of breast cancer]. PMID- 7111218 TI - [Pathology of testis in fertility disorders]. PMID- 7111219 TI - [The new GOA (fee regulation for physician)--really progress?]. PMID- 7111220 TI - [The thickened central venous wall in alcoholic fatty liver: a forerunner of cirrhotic transformation? A follow-up histologic examination of 75 alcoholic fatty livers]. PMID- 7111221 TI - [Histologic-cytologic grading of uniform and pluriform prostate cancers]. PMID- 7111222 TI - [The "solitary rectum ulcer"]. PMID- 7111223 TI - [Postmortem roentgen-angiography of the fetus and newborn infant]. PMID- 7111225 TI - Pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer. PMID- 7111227 TI - Cigarette smoking and coronary heart disease in Puerto Rico. PMID- 7111226 TI - Predictors of outcome in a risk factor intervention trial using behavior modification. PMID- 7111228 TI - Prevalence of familial hypertriglyceridemia: the Princeton School District Family Study. PMID- 7111224 TI - Cancer, cholesterol, and lipoprotein cholesterols. PMID- 7111229 TI - Prevention research on the teratogenic effects of alcohol. PMID- 7111230 TI - Summary of a workshop on cholesterol and noncardiovascular disease mortality. PMID- 7111231 TI - Preventive oncology, today and tomorrow. PMID- 7111232 TI - [Hemostatic characteristics and the pathogenetic basis of infusion therapy in frostbite]. PMID- 7111233 TI - [The blood coagulating system and the basis of anticoagulant therapy in frostbite of the extremities]. PMID- 7111234 TI - [Effect of transfusions of preserved blood of various storage ages on cholinesterase activity in patients with extensive burns in the septicotoxemia stage]. PMID- 7111235 TI - [Cryopreservation of an erythrocyte concentrate at -196 degrees C]. PMID- 7111236 TI - [Thrombin-induced prostaglandin synthesis by thrombocytes under different preservation conditions]. PMID- 7111237 TI - [Systemic hemodynamics and microcirculation in the treatment of burn shock with blood-substitute solutions]. PMID- 7111238 TI - [Current data on the pathogenesis of frostbite and the importance of infusion therapy in the treatment regimen in frostbite of the extremities]. PMID- 7111240 TI - [Infusion-transfusion therapy of the microcirculatory disorders and blood rheology in experimental hemorrhagic shock]. PMID- 7111241 TI - [Coagulating activity of afferent and efferent lymph from the popliteal lymph node]. PMID- 7111239 TI - [Systemic hemodynamic and microcirculatory indices during intravenous administration of a fat emulsion]. PMID- 7111242 TI - [Neurogenic hemorrhagic diathesis in a female patient with chronic recurrent opticoencephalitis with vascular crises and neuropathic reactions]. PMID- 7111243 TI - [Case of a severe form of thrombophilia due to antithrombin III deficit]. PMID- 7111245 TI - [Use of a cell counter for measuring thrombocyte adhesion to surfaces]. PMID- 7111246 TI - [Fractionation of nonionogenic surface-active substances]. PMID- 7111247 TI - [Blood circulation disorders in the vessels of the extremities and the role of infusion therapy in cold injury]. PMID- 7111248 TI - [Outpatient observation of contingents of registration group VIIB]. PMID- 7111249 TI - [Characteristics of a contingent of disabled workers as a results of tuberculosis and their work arrangements]. PMID- 7111244 TI - [Case of a combination of asthmatic pulmonary eosinophilia with thymus hyperplasia]. PMID- 7111250 TI - [Place of surgery in the complex treatment of tuberculosis of the respiratory organs]. PMID- 7111251 TI - [Surgical treatment of disseminated and complex forms of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7111252 TI - [Modified cavernoplasty in patients with disseminated destructive pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7111253 TI - [Intrapleural opening and suturing of caverns in patients with disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7111254 TI - [Single-stage surgery for tuberculosis of the respiratory organs and the thoracic spine]. PMID- 7111256 TI - [Prevention of posttransfusion reactions in tuberculosis patients]. PMID- 7111255 TI - [Effect of assisted artificial pulmonary ventilation on pulmonary capillary circulation and pulmonary artery pressure]. PMID- 7111257 TI - [Effect of bronchial pathology on the outcome of surgery in patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7111259 TI - [Effect of levamisole, splenin and thymosterin A on the immunocompetent cells of tuberculosis patients]. PMID- 7111258 TI - [Pathomorphologic features of the course of destructive tuberculosis after complex application of inductothermy and chemotherapy (experimental study)]. PMID- 7111261 TI - [Tuberculosis of the synovial membrane and tendons of the extensor muscles of the hand]. PMID- 7111260 TI - [Neutrophil phosphatase activity and the tetrazolium test in tuberculosis patients following pulmonary resection]. PMID- 7111262 TI - [Effect of levomycetin and nitrofuran preparations on pulmonary tuberculosis during experimental nonspecific therapy]. PMID- 7111263 TI - But, what can a physician do? PMID- 7111264 TI - World population, a challenge to medicine. PMID- 7111265 TI - The cultural significance of food and eating. PMID- 7111266 TI - Feeding the Vietnamese in the UK and the rationale behind their food habits. PMID- 7111267 TI - Factors influencing Sudanese food habits in Britain. PMID- 7111268 TI - What do Asian women in Birmingham eat during pregnancy? PMID- 7111269 TI - The distribution of cranial neural crest cells during ocular morphogenesis. AB - This study describes the mesodermal pattern adjacent to the region of migration of prosencephalic neural crest cells. The paraxial mesoderm is organized into somitomeres, which are composed of extended, radially oriented mesenchyme cells. The mesodermal pattern is mimicked by the cranial neural crest cells as they migrate inthe extracellular space between mesoderm and surface ectoderm. The prosencephalic crest spreads over the dorsal surface of the second somitomere and assumes a swirled configuration. Extending cranially, prosencephalic crest follows the contours of the posterior portion of the first somitomere and also spreads over the posterior and rostral surface of the optic vesicle. It is suggested that the somitomeric (segmental) partitioning of the mesoderm, as well as the surface contours of the somitomeres themselves, may provide topographic information that influences cranial crest migration. PMID- 7111270 TI - Progress in clinical and biological research. PMID- 7111271 TI - Genetic and clinical characterization of a survey population with retinitis pigmentosa. PMID- 7111272 TI - Embryonic development. Part A: Genetic aspects. IX Congress of the International Society of Developmental Biologists. August 28-September 1, 1981 Basel, Switzerland. PMID- 7111273 TI - Expression and organization of the globin genes in Xenopus laevis. PMID- 7111274 TI - Improvements in the ultrastructural approach of lampbrush chromosomes of amphibians. PMID- 7111275 TI - Visualization of in vivo transcription patterns in Xenopus rDNA spacer chromatin. PMID- 7111276 TI - Identification of a nuclear polypeptide ("cyclin") whose relative proportion is sensitive to changes in the rate of cell proliferation and to transformation. PMID- 7111277 TI - Transdetermination and transdifferentiation of neural retinal cells into lens in cell culture. AB - Two aspects of transdifferentiation of avian neural retina (NR) cells into lens in cell culture were discussed. First, by means of the transfer experiments of NR cells pre-cultivated in spreading cultures (SpC) longer than 10 days into aggregation cultures (AgC), it was shown that NR cells are "transdetermined" into lens direction, before the phenotypic expression of lens in cells at such earlier stages of SpC. In the second part of this article, we showed that NR-cells which have already expressed some neuronal phenotypes can transdifferentiate into lens. This statement is based upon the results of chimeric cultures consisting of neuronal cell fraction separated from 10-day SpC of quail NR and of the epithelial cell fraction of SpC of chick NR. Lens cells formed in such chimeric cultures were mainly of quail origin. PMID- 7111278 TI - Phenotypic analysis of globin gene expression: the thalassaemias. PMID- 7111279 TI - Control of body segment differentiation in Drosophila by the bithorax gene complex. AB - The bithorax complex is a gene cluster whose function is to regulate still other genes in such a way that each segment of the body commencing with the second thoracic segment and proceeding posteriorly, develops a unique pattern of structures. Numerous cis-regulatory regions have been identified within the complex and are believed to bind to repressor-like substances elaborated by the wild-type alleles of at least two major trans-regulatory genes, Polycomb and extra sex combs. The more proximal is a gene in the complex (with the exception of postbithorax) the more likely it is to be derepressed; the more posterior is a segment in the organism, the greater is the number of BX-C genes that become derepressed in that segment. A gradient in repressor substance(s) and a gradient in affinity of the cis-regulatory regions for repressor can account in a formal sense for the regulation of the BX-C genes themselves. PMID- 7111280 TI - Tissue-specific and gene-specific sites of hemoglobin synthesis in Chironomus. PMID- 7111281 TI - Theory of regulatory functions of the genes in the bithorax complex. PMID- 7111282 TI - Hormonal regulation of a larval haemolymph protein in Drosophila. PMID- 7111283 TI - Uracil-DNA glycosylase in meiotic and post meiotic male germ cells of the mouse. PMID- 7111284 TI - Multinucleate oogenesis, embryonic development and other adaptations for reproduction on land in egg-brooding hylid frogs. PMID- 7111286 TI - Moving genes. AB - We have seen that an essentially linear genome can amplify its genetic information by permitting the shuffling of widely separated genetic sequences. This shuffling can occur not only by the covalent joining of DNA, but also by alternative splicing of messenger RNA transcripts. While the mechanism is a required step in the development of an immunoglobulin producing cell, it is probably but one example of its action in the organism. It is difficult to imagine that an organism as complex as man can be created from an essentially linear array of nine billion nucleotides. The example provided by the immunoglobulin genes offers a mechanism for amplifying this genetic information. Our challenge is to find additional genetic systems that take advantage of these powerful mechanisms. PMID- 7111285 TI - Nucleo-cytoplasmic interactions in oogenesis and early embryogenesis in the mouse. PMID- 7111287 TI - Effects of the organophosphate pesticide dichlorvos on quail embryo germ population. Numerical study and ultrastructural cytochemistry. PMID- 7111288 TI - Cellular aspects of the graft-versus-host reaction in the chick embryo. PMID- 7111290 TI - Physiopathology of hypophysial disturbances and diseases of reproduction. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Hypophysial Disturbances and Diseases of Reproduction. Buenos Aires, Argentina. July 29-31, 1981. PMID- 7111289 TI - Allotypic trophoblast-lymphocyte cross reactive (TLX) antigens. PMID- 7111291 TI - Factors influencing the positive feed-back effect of ovarian steroids of LH secretion. PMID- 7111292 TI - Regulation of receptors for gluco and mineralocorticoids. PMID- 7111294 TI - Interaction of platelet and tumor cells. Proceedings of the Chesapeake Conference. St. Mary's College, Maryland. June 26-30, 1981. PMID- 7111295 TI - The biologic basis for anticoagulant treatment of cancer. PMID- 7111293 TI - A classification of disorders of hemostasis and thrombosis in patients with malignancy. PMID- 7111296 TI - Blood platelets and tumour dissemination. PMID- 7111297 TI - In vivo models for studies of human tumor metastasis. PMID- 7111298 TI - Cultured human tumor cells for cancer research: assessment of variation and stability of cultural characteristics. PMID- 7111299 TI - Positive and negative aggregation responses to cultured human tumor cell lines among different normal individuals. AB - Platelets from approximately 50% (7/16) of normal individuals have been shown to have greater sensitivity to aggregation induced by critical threshold concentrations of three human tumor cell lines. These results may have implications for the genetics and epidemiology of human neoplastic disease. PMID- 7111300 TI - Effect of platelet growth factor(s) on growth of human tumor colonies. PMID- 7111301 TI - Human platelet chemotaxis can be induced by low molecular substance(s) derived from the interaction of plasma and collagen. AB - Previously, we reported that collagen induces chemotaxis of human platelets as revealed by a capillary-tube method for qualitative assessment of platelet migration (Lowenhaupt, 1978). Chemotaxis was presumably stimulated by a substance(s) generated from collagen incubated in plasma. We have now developed a new quantitative method for evaluating chemotaxis by using 111indium-oxine labeled platelets. Blood from healthy donors was drawn into plastic syringes containing acid-citrate-dextrose. Platelet-rich and platelet-free plasma were prepared as described previously. Platelets were labeled with 111In-oxine according to Goodwin et al (1978) Chemotaxis was studied in a specifically constructed 7-compartment chamber partitioned with nitro-cellulose membranes (3 micrometers, 1 micrometer, and 0.45 micrometer). Chemotaxis could be induced with collagen from either bovine or rat-tail tendon. Molecular sieving of normal plasma on Sephadex G-50 showed a peak (A 220 nm) of low molecular weight material which was shifted to the right in preparations preincubated with either bovine tendon or rat-tail tendon collagen. Aliquots from the control plasma peak did not produce chemotaxis. In contrast, aliquots from the collagen-plasma peak markedly stimulated chemotaxis. These findings suggest that plasma releases a low molecular moiety(s) from collagen which promotes chemotaxis. PMID- 7111302 TI - Tumor cell interactions with vascular endothelial cells and their extracellular matrix. PMID- 7111303 TI - Interactions of tumor cells with whole basement membrane in the presence or absence of endothelium. PMID- 7111306 TI - Mechanisms of platelet aggregation by human tumor cell lines. PMID- 7111305 TI - Interaction of platelets and tumor cells. PMID- 7111304 TI - The use of a perfusion model for studying aggregation and attachment of platelets and tumor cells at subendothelial surfaces. AB - The Baumgartner perfusion apparatus has been applied to the study of the interaction of platelets and tumor cells and their attachment to subendothelial structures. Cells derived from an anaplastic murine tumor (Hut 20 line) induced platelet aggregation and were included in platelet thrombi that deposited on vascular subendothelium in perfusion experiments with heparinized human blood. In contrast, perfusion of blood samples containing cells from a line derived from a human epithelial carcinoma of the lung (A549 line), which did not interact with platelets, resulted in the deposition of platelets alone, with no tumor cells or blood cells other than platelets being observed in the thrombus. Extremely large platelet-tumor cell thrombi were found at the vascular surface in Hut 20 perfusions using vessel segments which had been treated with alpha-chymotrypsin. These large heterogeneous thrombi perturbed blood flow through the system and entrapped both erythrocytes and white cells. In order to quantitate the deposition of tumor cells, Hut 20 cells were labeled with 125I-deoxyuridine and perfused in whole blood at a concentration of 3.7x10(5)/ml. Tumor cell incorporation into platelet-tumor cell thrombi on chymotrypsinized segments yielded about 30,000 cpm/mg of vascular tissue but this value was reduced some 2 orders of magnitude by the inclusion of PGE1 (1 ng/ml of perfusing blood; 2.8 microM) in parallel samples. Aspirin at 100 microM reduced tumor cell-dependent platelet aggregation but did not decrease the platelet-dependent deposition of radiolabeled Hut 20 cells on vascular subendothelium, suggesting the release reaction may not be of major significance in this interaction. Tumor cell-induced platelet aggregation was not observed in a perfusion experiment using blood from a patient with severe von Willebrand's disease. However addition of 0.1 vol of ABO-compatible, heterologous plasma as a source of factor VIII to the von Willebrand blood sample restored the platelet-dependent deposition of radiolabeled tumor cells to control values. PMID- 7111307 TI - Isolation and partial purification of an activity from human pulmonary epidermoid carcinoma cells in culture that clots heparinized plasma. PMID- 7111308 TI - Plasma membrane vesicles as mediators of interactions between tumor cells and components of the hemostatic and immune systems. PMID- 7111309 TI - Platelet aggregating material (PAM) of two virally-transformed tumors: SV3T3 mouse fibroblast and PW20 rat renal sarcoma. Role of cell surface sialylation. AB - Platelets are required for certain experimental tumor metastases and several lines of tumor cells have been shown to aggregate platelets. We have extracted a sedimentable sialolipoprotein, platelet aggregating material (PAM) from the cell surface of SV40 transformed Balb C3T3 fibroblasts which aggregates heparinized PRP at 2.5 micrograms/ml via the release reaction, following a one minute lag period. A similar extract from non-transformed 3T3 cells has barely measurable activity at 40 micrograms/ml. Gel-filtered platelets (GFP) do not aggregate with PAM. However, PAM aggregation can be restored by addition of 5% plasma but not by fibrinogen. Two plasma components are required: a heat-labile complement component which is activated during the lag period; and a heat-stable factor which is required for platelet aggregation. The pathophysiologic significance of PAM has been examined in ten variant cell lines derived from a spontaneously metastatic renal cell sarcoma of rats, initially induced with polyoma virus (PW20 Wistar-Furth parental lines). These lines were selected in vitro and in vivo from a single line and differed in their capacity to form distant tumors in various organs after subcutaneous injection. These cells were examined for cell surface sialylation, PAM and PAM sialic acid content, since cell surface sialic acid is increased in a variety of tumor tissues and PAM is inhibited by neuraminidase. A good correlation was obtained between in vivo metastatic potential and cell surface sialic acid, r = 0.83, p less than 0.003; cell surface sialic acid and PAM, r = 0.85, p less than 0.002; in vivo metastatic potential and sialic acid content of PAM, r = 0.69, p less than 0.03; and in vivo metastatic potential and PAM, r = 0.68, p less than 0.03. We conclude that platelets may play a role in hematogenous metastasis via the ability of tumor cells to aggregate platelets by cell surface constituents containing sialic acid. The platelet-tumor cell interaction requires activation of the alternate complement pathway and a heat stable plasma factor. PMID- 7111310 TI - Platelet cancer cell interaction in metastasis formation. Platelet aggregation inhibitors: a possible approach to metastasis prevention. AB - Abnormal platelet aggregation on circulating and lodged cancer cells may play an important role in the early stages of metastasis formation. The immediate drop in the number of circulating platelets following intravenous injection of Walker-256 carcinosarcoma cells in rats represents the experimental counterpart of the morphologic finding of tumor cells associated with tumor clusters in the pulmonary arterioles and capillaries. PMID- 7111311 TI - Platelet aggregation inhibitors and metastatic spread of neoplastic cells. PMID- 7111312 TI - Antimetastatic and antitumor effect of platelet aggregation inhibitors. PMID- 7111314 TI - Mammalian TIQ's: products of condensation with aldehydes or pyruvic acids? PMID- 7111313 TI - Beta-carbolines and tetrahydroisoquinolines. Proceedings of a workshop held at the Salk Institute, La Jolla, California, December 12 and 13, 1981. PMID- 7111316 TI - Analytical pitfalls in the identification and measurement of endogenous tetrahydro-beta-carbolines. PMID- 7111315 TI - Tryptolines: artifact or reality? A new method of analysis using GC/MS. AB - Using adsorption to C-18 reverse phase resin we have developed a simple, fast and efficient procedure for extracting tryptolines from perchloric acid homogenates of brain tissue. Furthermore, using fused silica capillary chromatography coupled to negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry of heptafluorobutyl derivatives, we have developed a sensitive and specific procedure for identifying and quantitating tryptolines in extracts of brain tissue. Of the five members of the tryptoline class which have been studied by us, we have been able to find consistent evidence for the presence of only one, tryptoline. We find tryptoline to be present in extracts of whole rat brain in concentrations of approximately 370 pg/g of tissue. The finding of low concentrations of this compound mandates additional investigation to completely rule out artifactual formation. PMID- 7111318 TI - Interaction of tetrahydro-beta-carbolines with brain serotonin metabolism. PMID- 7111317 TI - On the occurrence, assay and metabolism of simple tetrahydroisoquinolines in mammalian tissues. PMID- 7111320 TI - Tryptamine binding sites: potential site of action of tetrahydro-beta-carbolines. PMID- 7111319 TI - A metabolic approach to the detection of tetrahydroisoquinoline formation from 3H dopamine in rat brain following treatment with ethanol or chloral hydrate. PMID- 7111321 TI - Pictet-Spengler condensation products, stress and alcoholism: some clinical overtones. PMID- 7111323 TI - A GC-MS study on the occurrence of two tetrahydro-beta-carbolines implicated in alcoholism. PMID- 7111322 TI - Pharmacodynamic properties of catecholamine-derived TIQ's and 7-O-methylated metabolites in neuronal systems. PMID- 7111324 TI - Betacarbolines and tetrahydroisoquinolines: historical and ethnopharmacological background. PMID- 7111325 TI - Opioid responses of isoquinoline alkaloids (TIQs). PMID- 7111326 TI - Salsolinol and catecholamines in human brain and their relation to alcoholism. PMID- 7111327 TI - A model to estimate the in vivo level of tetrahydroisoquinoline in brain during the consumption of ethanol. PMID- 7111328 TI - Tetrahydroisoquinolines after ethanol consumption. PMID- 7111330 TI - The pineal and its hormones. Proceedings of an international symposium, January 2 9, 1982. PMID- 7111329 TI - Metabolism of tetrahydroisoquinolines and related alkaloids. PMID- 7111331 TI - Neuron or endocrine cell? the pinealocyte as a paraneuron. PMID- 7111332 TI - In vivo responses of the pineal gland of the Syrian hamster to isoproterenol or norepinephrine. AB - The influence of isoproterenol, a norepinephrine (NE) agonist, or NE itself on pineal melatonin levels in adult male Syrian hamsters was examined in a series of studies. Isoproterenol (3 mg/kg) failed to stimulate pineal melatonin production in hamsters kept under light:dark cycles of 14:10 or in hamsters that had been superior cervical ganglionectomized for 1 week. When the drug was given to animals kept under continual light for 7 days it caused a low-grade rise in pineal melatonin, however, this was not confirmed in a second experiment. When the dosage of isoproterenol was increased to 10 mg/kg and 2 injections of the drug were given (at 2 h intervals) pineal melatonin levels also did not exhibit a significant increase. Finally, the administration of NE at a dosage of either 2.5 or 5 mg/kg also failed to augment melatonin levels in the hamster pineal gland. PMID- 7111333 TI - Membranous structures in pinealocytes of the Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus); are they annulate lamellae? AB - Pinealocyte ultrastructure in the normal and spontaneously diabetic Chinese hamster has been studied. A literature comparison shows it to be similar to the pineal of the Syrian hamster; however, the incidence of membranous structures is more frequent in the Chinese as compared with the Syrian hamster. Stacks of membranous structures were present in pinealocytes of all animals in this study and, therefore, appear to be regularly occurring organelles in the pineal of this species. There are analogies between these membranes and annulate lamellae; however, like annulate lamellae, their functional significance is unknown. PMID- 7111334 TI - Seasonal reproductive cycles in golden hamsters: speculations on data and dogma. PMID- 7111335 TI - Effects of blinding or afternoon melatonin injections on plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, TSH and thyroid hormone levels in male and female Syrian hamsters. AB - Adult male and female hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) were divided into 3 treatment groups: intact, blinded, and intact hamsters which received daily sc injections of 25 microgram melatonin (MEL) at 1700 h. After 10 weeks of treatment, thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and cholesterol levels in both male and female blinded or MEL-treated animals were depressed compared to plasma titers of their respective intact control groups. Plasma thyrotropin (TSH) levels were depressed by MEL treatment but unaffected by blinding in male hamsters; in contrast, blinded or MEL-treated female hamsters had significantly higher TSH levels than the control group. Plasma triglyceride levels were depressed by both blinding and MEL-treatment in males but were unaffected in females. PMID- 7111336 TI - Thyroid hormones in male hamsters with activated pineals or melatonin treatment. AB - Blinding resulted in gonadal and prostatic atrophy and reduced plasma thyroxine (T4), free T4 index (FT4I) and reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) levels in adult male hamsters housed in light-to-dark, 14:10 h. Similar effects were seen after daily evening injections of 25 microgram melatonin. Pinealectomy prevented the effects of blinding or melatonin injections. There were no pineal- or melatonin induced decrements in T3 or thyrotrophin (TSH) concentrations. TSH was elevated by blinding in one experiment but not in another, despite suppression of T4 and FT4I in both. Orally administered melatonin (approximately 245 microgram daily in drinking water through the evening and night) reduced the weight of testes and prostates and slightly lowered plasma T4 and FT4I, indicating the effectiveness of melatonin by this route. The capability of the pineal and of melatonin to suppress plasma T4 is not a result of sex-steroid-induced alteration of plasma binding but is most likely a result of variable suppression of the pituitary thyroid axis at the level of TSH regulation and also at the level of T4 secretion and/or metabolism. Reduced rT3, but not T3 levels after blinding, may reflect the pineal-induced deficit in T4 as a substrate for rT3 formation, altered peripheral conversion of T4 or altered disposal of thyroid hormones. PMID- 7111337 TI - Pineal gland - pituitary (alpha-MSH) interrelationships in fur priming and reproductive cycles in mink (Mustela vison). AB - Our investigations show that blindness, either natural or surgically induced results in a lack of fur priming and sexual development. Definite genetic color phase differences were observed in the sensitivities of the biological clocks for initiating fur priming, testicular development and time of breeding and whelping. Finely-bred dark mink molted and their pelts primed later in the fall than did either pastel or opaline mink. Testicular development was earlier and more extensive for the opaline, but was intermediate for the pastels and slower and least extensive for the finely-bred dark mink. The dark mink, however, bred earlier than did either the pastel and opaline strains. Hedlund (deaf, white) mink pelted about the same time as the pastels and opalines, but they bred and whelped later than the above three strains of mink. Plasma alpha-MSH levels were inversely related to testosterone levels and testicular development. It was high in all three strains (darks, pastels and opalines) during both the spring and autumnal molts, but was low during testicular development and breeding. PMID- 7111338 TI - Serotonin N-acetyltransferase and its regulation by pineal substances. AB - The regulation of activity of serotonin N-acetyltransferase (NAT) in pineal glands of various mammalian hierarchies may be species-specific, mediated by different mechanisms and brought about by interactions with dissimilar receptor sites. In addition to norepinephrine, serotonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) seem to modulate NAT activity. Furthermore, preliminary studies provide evidence for the existence in pineal gland of a thermo-stable proteinaceous substance (NIS) which inactivates NAT but not other enzymes involved in the synthesis of melatonin. Inactivation of NAT by NIS is blocked by addition of 0.5 mM acetyl coenzyme A, but not coenzyme A, 0.1 M NaF or 4 mM beta-mercaptoethanol. In addition, protein dephosphorylation and disulfide exchange mechanisms are not involved in this NIS-mediated inactivation of NAT. In rat brain, the inactivating substance was found only in the pineal gland and was undetectable in other tissues. We postulate that the collective interaction among norepinephrine, serotonin, GABA, acetyl coenzyme A, NIS and NAT may regulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. PMID- 7111340 TI - Age related histologic changes in the human pineal gland. PMID- 7111339 TI - Catecholamines and pinealectomy-induced convulsions in the gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). AB - Within three hours after surgery nine out of ten pineal-ectomized gerbils will convulse; dopamine (DA) levels in the telencephalon of the gerbils do not change after pinealectomy (PX), however, norepinephrine (NE) concentrations decrease in the telencephalon from 1-12 hours after PX (Philo and Reiter, 1980). Administration of L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA, 50 mg/kg) will prevent the convulsions and maintain normal levels of norepinephrine. Administration of alpha methyl-p-tyrosine (alpha MPT, 250 mg/kg), a tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor, increases the number of convulsions. Injections of L-DOPA counter the facilitatory actions of alpha MPT on PX-induced convulsions. Studies with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor pargyline indicate a decrease in production of norepinephrine after PX in the gerbil. The diminished levels of neurotransmitter apparently facilitate the onset of convulsions caused by the epileptogenic stimulus of PX. PMID- 7111341 TI - Daily melatonin rhythms in photoperiod sensitive and insensitive white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus). PMID- 7111342 TI - Activity and melatonin rhythms among rats with recourse to dark burrows. PMID- 7111343 TI - Interaction of diazepam with meperidine or normeperidine on analgesia and lethality. AB - The effects of meperidine and normeperidine were determined alone and after pretreatment with 10 mg/kg of diazepam on the tail-withdrawal measure of analgesia in rats. Lethal doses of normeperidine were determined alone and in combination with three doses of diazepam, and lethal doses of meperidine were determined along and in combination with 10 mg/kg of diazepam. Diazepam potentiated the analgesic effects of meperidine and increased the dose of normeperidine necessary to produce lethality. PMID- 7111344 TI - Phencyclidine raises kindled seizure thresholds. AB - Phencyclidine (PCP) has been reported to have both anesthetic and seizure inducing properties. In the present experiment the effect of PCP on previously established seizures, kindled in the amygdala, was examined, using rats as subjects. In a repeated measures design three doses of PCP (1, 2 and 5 mg/kg) were compared with a saline control condition. The high dose of PCP was found to significantly increase seizural afterdischarge thresholds, while not affecting seizure durations. PMID- 7111345 TI - A comparison of the effects of opiate antagonists on operant and ingestive behavior. AB - Previous studies have found that naloxone and other opiate antagonists will decrease the food and water intake of experimental animals. The present study investigated the possibility that these effects may be due to a generalized action of opiate antagonists to block an endogenous reward system. A direct comparison was made between the effects of naloxone and naltrexone on FR responding maintained by small quantities of milk and on the consumption of milk when it was freely available. Both drugs reduced milk consumption at all doses (0.3-30 mg/kg) but produced only small decreases in FR response rates at the highest doses. These results do not support the view that the actions of opiate antagonists on eating and drinking represent an inhibitory action on central reward mechanisms. PMID- 7111348 TI - Does hypothermia play a relevant role in the glycemic alterations induced by ethanol? AB - The potential of ethanol-induced hypothermia on the glycemic alterations induced by this drug were evaluated. In Experiment 1 ambient temperature was manipulated. After 4.0 g/kg of ethanol blood glucose levels and body temperature were assessed in fed or 48 hr starved rats at either 21 degrees C or 28 degrees C room temperature. Hyper or hypoglycemia was observed depending on both the feeding condition and the environmental temperature. In Experiment 2, this hypothesis was tested by determining if rats tolerant to the thermic effects of ethanol would show a decreased glycemic response. The results support this assumption. PMID- 7111349 TI - The effects of chronic administration of naltrexone on appetite and water exchange in rats. AB - The effects of chronic administration of naltrexone (200 microgram/kg/hr) on appetitive behaviors and renal water and electrolyte excretions were studied in rats. Naltrexone reduced food and water intake, the renal excretions of water and electrolyte excretions were studied in rats. Naltrexone reduced food and water intake, the renal excretions of water and electrolytes, and osmolar clearance. No changes in plasma levels of electrolytes, plasma and urine Na+-K+ ratios, hematocrit ratio, plasma osmolality, the clearances of K+ and Na+, and the reabsorption of solute free water were found. The changes in appetite were compensated for by appropriate changes in renal excretions, resulting in no change in electrolyte balance or water exchange. These observations are discussed in relation to current theories of the role of endorphins in appetite control. PMID- 7111346 TI - Selective action of morphine on reflex expression to nociceptive stimulation in the rat: a contribution to the assessment of analgesia. AB - In two experiments startle reflexes to both loud noises and electric shocks were elicited in rats. The two stimuli were paired so that the inhibitory effect of each stimulus on the response to the other could be assessed. In the first study it was shown that morphine (0-16 mg/kg) had a selective and dose related depressive effect on the response to shock. The response to a leading tone and inhibition produced by the shock on the response to a following tone were minimally affected. In the second study, morphine (10 mg/kg) again depressed the reaction to shock but not to tone, and its effect was antagonized by naloxone (10 mg/kg). The selective effect on responses to shock, leaving responses to tone relatively unaffected, reveals that reflex depression should not be attributed to a loss in motor functions. Further, that morphine had little effect on reflex inhibition produced by the shock suggests that the nociceptive properties of shock were affected rather than simple sensory processes. It is proposed that the method described here is useful for assessing changes in nociception in laboratory animals, and for discriminating between nociceptive, afferent, and efferent processes. PMID- 7111347 TI - Forebrain serotonin and avoidance learning: behavioural and biochemical studies on the acute effect of p-chloroamphetamine on one-way active avoidance learning in the male rat. AB - The acute effects of p-chloroamphetamine (PCA) on one-way active avoidance learning and on central monoamine concentrations were examined in the male rat. The 5-HT specificity of the acute behavioural effect of PCA was examined in several experiments. PCA (0.08-5 mg/kg IP) injected 30-60 min before testing produced a dose-related impairment of both avoidance acquisition and retention. Pretreatment with the selective serotonin (5-HT) uptake inhibitors fluoxetine and zimelidine, but not the noradrenaline (NA) uptake inhibitor desipramine, resulted in a blockade of the avoidance deficit. Degeneration of brain 5-HT neurons by a high neurotoxic dose of PCA (2 x 10 mg/kg IP) 7 days prior to the administration of PCA also blocked the avoidance deficit. There was also a complete blockade of the PCA-induced avoidance deficit by pretreatment with metergoline, a central 5 HT receptor blocking agent. A 2.,5 mg/kg dose of PCA examined 60 min after injection produced regional changes in the 5-HT-levels preferentially in the forebrain region with significant reductions in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum while marginal effects were observed in the hypothalamus, midbrain and spinal cord. PCA failed to reduce dopamine and noradrenaline concentrations in the time- and dose-range of the avoidance deficit. Thus, the avoidance learning impairment appears to be specifically related to the acute release of endogenous 5-HT from presynaptic nerve endings possibly in the forebrain resulting in stimulation of postsynaptic 5-HT receptors. These findings indicate that 5-HT neurons in the forebrain play a role in active avoidance learning possibly by an involvement in memorial and/or retrieval processes. PMID- 7111350 TI - Lateralization of zinc in rat brain and its relationship to a spatial behavior. AB - Essential metals are differentially accumulated within the brain and have been related to normal neurotransmitter metabolism. Hippocampal glutaminergic pathways have the highest zinc levels in the brain, and lesions to these pathways disrupt behaviors with a spatial component. Zinc distribution may thus reflect glutaminergic activity or innervation and may have functional consequences for spatial behavior. The present data support this hypothesis, indicating that the lateral distribution of zinc between the right and left hippocampus is strongly correlated with the spatial preference of the animal (r = + 0.72). Other parameters tested but shown not to be significantly correlated with spatial preference were zinc in corpus striatum and cortex, and copper in hippocampus corpus striatum and cortex. PMID- 7111351 TI - Scopolamine does not disrupt spatial working memory in rats. AB - The importance of cholinergic systems for spatial working memory was examined by injecting scopolamine at varying times during a 5 hr-long retention interval imposed between the rat's fourth and fifth choices in an 8 arm maze. Regardless of whether or not the testing procedure required the rats to adopt a spatial solution for the task, scopolamine (1.0-5.0 mg/kg) did not impair retention in a manner that was suggestive of an effect on working memory. Modest deficits observed in some conditions appeared to result from drug effects on performance. Previous findings of impaired acquisition of accurate spatial behavior by scopolamine-treated rats evidently reflect an influence of the drug on physiological systems other than those necessary to maintain working memory for spatial information. PMID- 7111353 TI - Testosterone affects food intake and body weight of weanling male rats. AB - The effects of testosterone propionate (TP) on food intake and body weight were investigated using castrated prepubertal male rats. Regardless of dose (1 mg, 0.2 mg or 0.1 mg), daily injections of TP increased body weight gain and food intake during the prepubertal period (from 22 to 40 days to age). Considering previous results, the present observations suggest that in the male rat sensitivity to the effects of gonadal hormones on feeding develops earlier than in females. PMID- 7111352 TI - A study of the shaking and grooming induced by RX 336-M in rats. AB - Several endogenous peptides and experimental agents induce "wet-dog" shakes and excessive grooming after acute administration to rats, but quantitative information on a possible relationship between the two behaviors is lacking. RX 336-M (7,8-dihydro-5'-6'-dimethylcyclohex-5'-eno-1',8',14 codeinone) is a novel compound which elicits dose-related shaking and grooming in the rat. We have measured and compared the shaking and grooming induced by several doses of RX 336 M (1.5-12 mg/kg, IP) in male Sprague Dawley rats at various stages of maturation. Analysis of the correlation between the number of "wet-dog" shakes and the frequency of grooming episodes indicates that a relationship may exist between the shaking and grooming. The excessive grooming induced by RX 336-M may be a mechanism by which the rat's state of arousal (raised by the shaking) is lowered and homeostasis is maintained. PMID- 7111354 TI - Phencyclidine retards autoshaping at a dose which does not suppress the required response. AB - Four groups of five food-deprived hooded Long-Evans rats were injected subcutaneously with saline (vehicle) or 2, 4 or 8 mg phencyclidine (PCP) hydrochloride/kg fifteen minutes before being placed for the first time into operant chambers modified to detect exploratory behaviors. Rearing was found to be more sensitive to disruption by phencyclidine than was unconditioned level touching (a measure of floor-level exploratory activities). In an autoshaping session immediately following, the group of animals given the low dose of PCP made as many lever-touch responses as the group given saline, but consumed fewer of the food pellets delivered. In addition, none of the animals in the low-dose group showed within-session shortening of the latency to respond which was observed in four of five control animals. The two other groups given higher doses of PCP demonstrated dose-related decrements in responding as well as a reduction in food pellet consumption during the first session of autoshaping. Over the next two daily autoshaping sessions, performance improved in those groups initially suppressed. Performance converged in all group by the third autoshaping session. PMID- 7111355 TI - Increased fat consumption induced by morphine administration in rats. AB - Patterns of caloric intakes and dietary self-selection of the three macronutrients, protein, fat and carbohydrate were examined in male rats following the administration of morphine sulfate (0.0, 1.0, 10.0 and 20.0 mg/kg, IP). Animals were given access to either ground Purina Chow or one of two dietary self-selection regimes, one with a high-fat ration (7.8 kcal/g) and the other with a fat ration isocaloric to the carbohydrate and protein rations (3.8 kcal/g). Animals received morphine injections at the beginning of a six-hour feeding period and nutrient intakes were measured at 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours postinjection. Similar patterns of macronutrient choice were observed for both animals maintained on the high-fat regime and animals with access to the isocaloric components following morphine injections. As a function of morphine injections, animals on both self-selection regimes increased fat intake while suppressing carbohydrate intake and exhibiting little modifications in protein intake. PMID- 7111356 TI - Alcohol drinking induced in the monkey by tetrahydropapaveroline (THP) infused into the cerebral ventricle. AB - In the female macaque monkey acclimated to a primate chair, Collison cannulae were stereotaxically implanted bilaterally in the lateral cerebral ventricle. The voluntary self-selection of ethyl alcohol versus water was determined repeatedly during a series of 12-day test sequences in which the concentration of the alcohol solution offered to the primate was increased systematically over 12 successive days from 3% to 30%. Following control preference sequences, the dopamine-dopaldehyde condensation product, tetrahydropapaveroline (THP), was infused daily in each monkey's cerebral ventricle (ICV) in a volume of 200-400 microliter. THP was dissolved in an artificial CSF, with pH adjusted to 3.8 with 0.1 mg/ml ascorbate, and infused in one of ten doses varying from 0.125-400 microgram. EAch monkey was administered one low and one high dose of the condensation product throughout each of two successive alcohol preference tests. When THP was infused in doses of less than 2.0 microgram, the monkeys' alcohol preference failed to change. However, a marked increase in alcohol intake, in terms of both g/kg/day as well as the proportion of alcohol to water selected, was produced by THP infused ICV in doses of 5.0 to 20.0 microgram. Although average intakes in the latter animals were between 4.0 and 5.0 g/kg/day, the monkeys selected certain concentrations of alcohol in amounts of up to 7.0 g/kg/day. The two highest doses of THP, 40.0 and 400.0 microgram, inhibited the self-selection of alcohol even when presented in low, non-aversive concentrations in the 3% to 6% range. Overall, these results with the primate corroborate earlier findings in the rat of abnormal alcohol intake produced by centrally infused THP. They further support the theory that amine-aldehyde metabolites, if present in certain concentrations in the brain, may constitute a causal neurochemical factor in the addictive or otherwise immoderate drinking of alcohol. PMID- 7111357 TI - Inhibition of an inflammatory exudate phospholipase A2 by an endogenous inhibitor of polymorphonuclear leucocytes. PMID- 7111358 TI - Effects of GABA analogues and their interactions with morphine on locomotor activity in two inbred strains of mice. PMID- 7111359 TI - Characteristics of monoamine oxidase activity in mouse brain. PMID- 7111360 TI - Effects of cycloheximide, puromycin and actinomycin D on the spontaneous motility of isolated rat uterus. PMID- 7111363 TI - [Drug liberation from dermatica (author's transl)]. AB - Investigated 0,1% ointments based on oleogels, hydrogels and O/W creams show differences by in-vitro evaluation of dexamethasone sodiumphosphate and dexamethasone release, which we have evaluated concerning the vehicle composition and its viscosity, the internal structure of systems and the drug properties. The results show dependence of drug availability on the vehicle gel structure order on the one, and on the drug activity on the other hand. The presence of a hydrocolloid (Eudispert-Na) in O/W creams improves the drug release. PMID- 7111361 TI - Studies in Stobbe condensation. Part 7: Synthesis and biological activity of some new cyclopentadienones and cyclopentadienes. AB - The condensation of cinnamaldehyde, thienyl and furyl acrolein with dimethyl succinate in the presence of potassium tert-butoxide, gives the corresponding acid-esters (la-c) (R1 = Me) as major products. These esters are further converted into cyclopentadiene and cyclopentadienone derivatives. Dicondensation products (2a-c) are also obtained. Furthermore, the correlation between the chemical structures of the studied compounds and their respective biological activities were discussed. PMID- 7111362 TI - [Synthesis and antibacterial and antitumoral activity of some methylhydrazonium salts of pyrimidine bases and their analogues (author's transl)]. AB - On reacting pyrimidine metabolites containing a carboxyl or sulfhydryl group with methylhydrazine or N-benzyl-N'-methylhydrazine, various methylhydrazonium salts of these metabolites were synthetized, e.g., the salts of 5-fluororotic acid, 5 azaorotic acid, 2-thiouracil-5-carboxylic acid and 2-thio-6-azathymine. Some of these salts exhibited a more marked antibacterial activity against St. aureus and several of its mutants as well as a greater antitumoral activity against different transplantable tumours than their single components. PMID- 7111364 TI - [Studies in mice on diminishing acute toxicity of violamycin BI by combined therapy (author's transl)]. AB - In mice the effect of L-ascorbic acid (i.p., drink. wat.), DL-carnitine (i.p., drink. wat.), L-cysteine (i.p., drink. wat.), DL-methionine (i.p., drink. wat.), folic acid plus ascorbic acid (i.v.), and alpha-tocopherol (i.p.), respectively, on sublethal and lethal i.v. doses of the anthracycline antibiotic violamycin BI (VBI) was tested. The VBI induced lethality (%) of the animals was found to be unaffected by combined treatment with the drugs used. Only a delayed toxicity following alpha-tocopherol administration was observed. PMID- 7111365 TI - [On the determination of chlorpropham, metobromuron and chlorbromuron residues in drugs of the 2. AB-DDR (author's transl)]. AB - A method for analyzing drugs of the 2. AB-DDR for residues of chlorpropham, metobromuron and chlorbromuron is proposed. It is based on the detection of aniline derivatives resulting from alkaline hydrolysis. Herbicide concentrations greater than 0.25 mg/kg drug may be detected and semiquantitatively estimated by thin-layer chromatography. Smaller amounts of herbicide residues are detected gas chromatographically (using an electron attachment detector) after bromination of the hydrolysis products. The limits of detection are: chlorpropham, 0.006 mg/kg drug; chlorbromuron, 0.008 mg/kg drug; and metobromuron, 0.04 mg/kg drug. For impregnated drugs, the recovery rates lie between 82 and 102%. The herbicide residues are released to infusions at a varying extent, depending on the kinds of drugs used. PMID- 7111367 TI - PMR spectrometric analysis of several important hypoglycemic agents. PMID- 7111368 TI - [Antiexudative behavior of various triterpene saponins]. PMID- 7111366 TI - [Gas chromatographic determination of sym-triazine herbicides in drugs from vegetable sources (author's transl)]. AB - Several separation phases were tested for effectiveness in the gas chromatographic determination of residues of sym-triazine herbicides in officinal drugs. Carbowax 20 M, OV 225 and OV 330 are well suited for separating this group of active agents. A NP-FID was used as a gas chromatographic detector. Sample preparation was optimized. Chloroform (as an extracting agent) and the shaking method were best suited for extracting. The samples were purified by column chromatography, DMSO/petroleum ether partition and purification by extraction from a hydrochloric solution being performed subsequently if necessary. The recovery rates and the reproducibility observed for various drugs and different extraction methods were compared. The limit of detection of the method laid at 0.02 mg/kg. PMID- 7111369 TI - [Stability and stabilization of epinephrine eye drops. 13. Stability of drugs and preparations; 82. Problems of filling plastic drug containers with fluid drugs]. PMID- 7111371 TI - [Significance of disorder for the structural and specific characteristics of ointments and pastes]. PMID- 7111370 TI - Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of intravenous, intramuscular and oral khellin in rats. PMID- 7111372 TI - [Spray embedding of vinpocetin with beta-cyclodextrin]. PMID- 7111373 TI - Synthesis and CNS activity of newer 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles. PMID- 7111374 TI - Effects of porcine calcitonin on behavioral and electrophysiological responses elicited by electrical stimulation of the tooth pulp in rabbits. AB - Effects of porcine calcitonin on both behavioral and electrophysiological responses of rabbits to painful stimuli were examined. The behavioral pain response (licking reaction) to electrical stimulation of the tooth pulp was suppressed dose dependently by intracerebroventricular administration of calcitonin, 8 and 17 U/kg, but not by intravenous injection of 7.5-50 U/kg of the peptide. The duration of action of intracerebroventricular calcitonin was over 90 min. The EEG arousal response and the development of the long latency cortical potential evoked by electrical stimulation of the tooth pulp in gallamine immobilized rabbits, were inhibited by intracerebroventricular calcitonin, 17 U/kg, for the period of over 90 min but not by the intravenous injection of 50 U/kg. Morphine, 2 mg/kg i.v., inhibited all of the responses for 30 min or longer. The EEG arousal response induced by sound stimulation was not affected by calcitonin or morphine. Naloxone (0.5 mg/kg i.v.), an opiate antagonist, showed no influence upon the inhibitory effects of calcitonin in licking reaction, EEG arousal response and evoked potential, though it completely antagonized the effects of morphine. The results suggest that the analgesic effect of intracerebroventricular porcine calcitonin can be attributed to blocking of pain pathways in the central nervous system in a manner distinct from the narcotic analgesic. PMID- 7111375 TI - Inequality of clearance values obtained by intravenous bolus and by steady-state infusion. Prednisolone studies in dogs. AB - In order to compare total and free prednisolone clearance values following an intravenous bolus dose with those following zero-order infusions to steady state, 6 dogs were given an intravenous bolus and four different zero-order infusions of prednisolone. Prednisolone clearance for the infusion studies were calculated by dividing the infusion rate by the steady-state concentration. Time-averaged clearances for the intravenous bolus doses were calculated as dose divided by area under the concentration curve. The total and unbound prednisolone clearance values calculated using the steady-state levels averaged 24 and 39% higher, respectively, than the corresponding clearance values obtained following intravenous bolus dosing. PMID- 7111377 TI - Fenbufen. Proceedings of the Fenbufen Workshops. 15th International Congress of Rheumatology, Paris, June 1981. PMID- 7111376 TI - Changes in microsomal membrane microviscosity and phospholipid methyltransferases during rat liver regeneration. AB - During regeneration of rat liver newly synthesized molecules of drug-metabolizing enzymes, like cytochrome P450, are incorporated into proliferating endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Decreased membrane microviscosity facilitates incorporation of the enzyme-protein molecules into the phospholipid matrix of ER. The microviscosity of membranes is altered by: (1) changed ratios of phospholipid to cholesterol, (2) unsaturation of fatty acids in phospholipids, and (3) methylation of phospholipids. Alterations are known to occur in (1) and (2) in the plasma membrane of proliferating cells. Microviscosity and phospholipid methyltransferases in ER have not been investigated during liver regeneration. Therefore, microviscosity and S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) mediated methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine (PME) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) were measured using microsomal membranes of regenerating rat livers at 6-96 h after partial hepatectomy. In the methylated phospholipids, the proportion of PME increased by 3-9% at 1 microM SAM, and, at 200 microM SAM, the proportion of PC decreased by about 5-10% at 12-24 h. Two phase transitions were observed with microsomal membranes between 20 and 40 degrees C. In synthetic liposomes containing PE, PME and PC, microviscosity decreased when the proportion of PME increased or the proportion of PC decreased. Therefore, alterations in phospholipid methyltransferases and consequent changes in membrane phospholipid methylation may contribute to increased membrane fluidity during cell proliferation and incorporation of drug-metabolizing enzymes into ER. PMID- 7111378 TI - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. PMID- 7111379 TI - Pharmacological properties of fenbufen. PMID- 7111380 TI - Effects on gastric prostaglandin synthesis produced by fenbufen, a new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent with low gastrointestinal toxicity. PMID- 7111381 TI - Basic and clinical studies of prodrugs of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. PMID- 7111382 TI - Study of repeated administration of fenbufen in patients with chronic rheumatic disorders and renal impairment. PMID- 7111383 TI - Fenbufen in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 7111384 TI - Long-term, double-blind, randomized parallel group studies comparing fenbufen with indometacin in patients with osteoarthritis. PMID- 7111386 TI - Fenbufen in osteoarthritis of the hip. PMID- 7111385 TI - Long-term double-blind comparison of fenbufen with aspirin in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7111387 TI - Long-term clinical evaluation of fenbufen in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis: Latin-American experience. PMID- 7111388 TI - Ulcerogenic properties of anti-inflammatory drugs. PMID- 7111389 TI - Estimation of age-dependent internal dose from radiopharmaceuticals. AB - The age-dependence of the radiation dose absorbed in a target organ or the total body is determined by the mass, size, shape and separation of the organs as well as by the metabolic behaviour of the radionuclide compound. Using values of the specific absorbed dose for adults, the age-dependent effective dose equivalents for 28 radiopharmaceuticals (62 radionuclides) were calculated by modifying the above mentioned values, considering radiation type, organ mass and source-target separation. From the results, the currently used mathematical models for the modification of values of specific absorbed doses in the adult prove to be of sufficient accuracy. In comparison with the few available values calculated by Monte Carlo-techniques, our method overestimates the specific absorbed fractions by a factor of four in the least favourable case. For practical radionuclide dose estimates, these deviations are of minor importance as long as the availability of reliable information on the metabolic behaviour of radionuclide compounds and radiopharmaceuticals as a function of age is extremely limited. Considering, however, both the parenteral administration and the short half-life of radionuclides used in paediatric nuclear medicine, this uncertainty in regard to the gastrointestinal absorption and the biological half-lives is of little consequence for the results of absorbed dose calculations. PMID- 7111390 TI - Investigation of the performance of antiscatter grids: Monte Carlo simulation studies. AB - Monte Carlo methods have been applied to the study of the performance of antiscatter grids in radiography. Photon histories for imaging with a 20 cm thick water phantom irradiated with an 80 kV x-ray spectrum were generated by Monte Carlo simulation. The scattering and absorption of the photons transmitted from the phantom were traced in the grid. Grids were evaluated with strip densities ranging from 10 to 67 lines/cm, grid ratios from 6 to 15, and lead-to-interspace ratios from 1/9 to 1/2. The contrast improvement factor and the Bucky factor were used as the benefit and cost indicators, respectively, for evaluation of the grids. The dependence of these factors on the grid ratio, lead-to-interspace ratio, strip density, lead content, and interspace material was investigated. The results indicate that high-strip-density grids with thin lead strips and high grid ratios can provide higher contrast improvement factors than are achieved with low-strip-density grids, without an increase in patient exposure. This theoretical approach is useful for the prediction and development of optimal antiscatter grids for radiographic procedures. PMID- 7111392 TI - Differential retention of 212Pb ions and insoluble particles in nasal mucosa of the rat. AB - The time course of retention of 212Pb ions in ciliated nasal epithelium and of tagged insoluble particles, which served both as a deposition vector and marker for mucus, was measured in 13 rats by counting the head externally at 2 min intervals up to 100 min after deposition. On average, 70-75% of insoluble particles introduced onto ciliated epithelium in 3 microliters of distilled water were cleared to the gut with a half-time of approximately 15 min (range 6-35 min). A smaller fraction of lead ions (averaging about 60%) introduced in the same water sample was cleared to the gut with a half-time in each rat similar to that of particle clearance. Rapid uptake of about 8% of deposited 212Pb into blood was also observed. A compartment model consistent with the observed nasal retention and appearance of 212Pb in blood showed that, on average, 8% of deposited lead ions were transferred to the blood with a half-time of 15 min. For about 35% of the deposited lead ions and 25% of the particles, no clearance was detected up to 60-100 min after deposition. It is probable that a fraction of the lead ions are retained by epithelial tissue. PMID- 7111391 TI - The feasibility of measuring total body carbon by counting neutron inelastic scatter gamma rays. AB - A technique is examined for measuring the mass of carbon of both ambulatory and non-ambulatory subjects. The method is based upon the detection of the 4.43 MeV gamma rays emitted from carbon nuclei when the body is irradiated with fast neutrons. The supine subject is irradiated laterally by a horizontal collimated beam of 14 MeV neutrons and the emitted gamma rays are counted by a shielded NaI(Tl) detector placed underneath the subject. The method has been calibrated for all sizes of subjects from 30 to 90 kg and there appears to be no significant interference from the other bulk elements of the body. Body carbon has been measured in six normal volunteers; body nitrogen was also determined by measuring the 13N induced in each subject in a second irradiation. Body fat was estimated from the measured carbon and nitrogen, and the values compared with those derived from skinfold thicknesses. The technique is proposed as a method of estimating long-term energy expenditure. PMID- 7111393 TI - Changes in NMR relaxation time associated with local inflammatory response. AB - T1 and T2 relaxation values and water contents of rat and rabbit tissues have been measured during the course of local inflammatory reaction to turpentine. For rabbits, NMR transverse sectional images were also obtained by spin-warp imaging. Elevations in T1 values around the injection site occurred within 24 h. In rats, T1 values of fibrosed muscle at the centre of the reaction continued to rise as a cyst formed, encapsulating the turpentine. T1 values of the surrounding muscle decreased towards normal as the reaction progressed. Good correlation between relaxation rate and water content was observed. In the rabbits. T1 values measured in vitro around the injection site were compared with the values obtained from NMR images of living and dead rabbits, T1 values obtained immediately after death were consistently lower than values of the same tissues before death. Factors affecting a comparison of T1 values obtained by the different methods are discussed. PMID- 7111394 TI - A new instrument for survey monitoring of airborne xenon-133. PMID- 7111395 TI - An evaluation of the Diamentor transmission ionisation chamber in indicating exposure-area product (R cm2) during diagnostic radiological examinations. PMID- 7111396 TI - The influence of picture element size on the quality of clinical radionuclide images. AB - The effect of picture element (pixel) size on image quality is investigated. Asked simply to state their preference for clinical images displayed with different pixel sizes, observers preferred those with the smallest pixel. Specific perceptual tasks, however, such as abnormality detection, are found to be insensitive to changes in pixel size up to a limit. Interpolation is found to have no effect on perceptual tasks, but 'random interpolation' produced a more pleasing image than simple linear interpolation. PMID- 7111397 TI - Dielectric properties of animal tissues in vivo at radio and microwave frequencies: comparison between species. AB - An improved and modified technique with an open-ended coaxial-line sensor was used for measurement of the dielectric properties of animal tissues in vivo. The permittivity of skeletal muscle, brain cortex, spleen and liver of live cats and rats was measured at frequencies between 0.1 and 10 GHz. The results were compared with various published data on in vivo permittivity of the same and other species. The differences between the properties of the same tissue for various animals are very small. The tissues properties at frequencies above 1 GHz correlate well with the water content. Practically all water in the skeletal muscle is in the free form, while in other tissues both free and bound water are present. PMID- 7111398 TI - The spin-lattice relaxation time in the blood of healthy subjects and patients with malignant blood disease. AB - To establish which constituents of blood influence the NMR relaxation time T1 of water protons in malignant blood diseases, 55 blood samples were studied (20 from healthy donors and 35 from patients with leukaemia, myelofibrosis and multiple myeloma). Relaxation time measurements were performed at 19.8 MHz resonance frequency and at a temperature of 33 +/- 1 degree C. There is a significant elevation of T1 over the normal level in whole blood, packed cells, and plasma of patients with blood disease. The relaxation rate R1 (= 1/T1) depends very strongly on the ratio of dry solids to water, which is in accordance with the three-state fast-exchange relaxation model. PMID- 7111400 TI - Cinematographic analysis of the passive straight-leg-raising test for hamstring muscle length. AB - Cinematography was used to compare increases in the angle of straight leg raising in relation to the horizontal with increases in the angle of straight leg raising in relation to the pelvis during five minutes of passive straight leg raising. Cinematography was also used to monitor increases in the angle of the pelvis in relation to the horizontal. Eleven subjects underwent passive straight leg raising. Three methods similar to techniques reported in the literature were used in an attempt to stabilize each subject's pelvis during the procedure. Increases in the angle of straight leg raising in relation to the horizontal were found to be greater than increases in the angle of straight leg raising in relation to the pelvis. The differences in the increases had a high correlation with the increases in the angle of the pelvis in relation to the horizontal (r = .93). The findings suggest that pelvic stabilization is difficult and that methods used to indicate hamstring length should take pelvic rotation into account. PMID- 7111401 TI - Factors contributing to the regulation and clinical assessment of muscular strength. AB - This paper reviews the physiological, anatomical, and biomechanical factors that contribute to the regulation of muscular strength and the factors to be considered in the clinical assessment of strength. In light of the procedural and mechanical aspects discussed, a comparison of various strength testing methods is made in order to assist the therapist in selecting the appropriate testing procedure to meet his objectives. PMID- 7111399 TI - Influence of macrophages on microdistribution of inhaled UO2 aerosol in rat lung. AB - Following the inhalation of an aerosol of UO2 (mass median aerodynamic diameter = 3 microns and geometric standard deviation = 1.6) the lungs of male albino rats were populated by foci containing UO2 particles. A method of neutron-induced autoradiography on Lexan plastic was used to reveal these foci in thin sections cut from the lung. For masses of UO2 in the lung that differed by more than a factor of 10 (39 to 450 micrograms) the number of foci per g of lung increased, but not in proportion to the mass of UO2 deposited. This limited increase in the number of foci was considered to result from physiological limitations on the number of alveolar macrophages available for engulfing the UO2 particles. PMID- 7111403 TI - Quadriceps femoris muscle assist orthosis in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PMID- 7111404 TI - Physical therapy manpower planning. Projection models and scenarios of 1985. AB - Faced with the difficult task of coordinating statewide health education, the Kentucky Council on Higher Education is using several manpower projection statistics as one component of their decision-making process. These manpower data are essential when considering the establishment, expansion, continuation, or termination of health-related academic programs. Three models were used to project manpower requirements for licensed physical therapists in Kentucky. The models were 1) manpower:population ratio, 2) trend analysis based on time series, and 3) the American Physical Therapy Association's health-needs method. Four variants of the manpower:population ratio model are discussed and presented: population ratio based ona 1) national ratio, 2) Kentucky ratio, 3) weighted national ratio, and 4) weighted Kentucky radio. The trend analysis model is presented and discussed. The health-needs approach, based on expert opinion and health-related variables, identifies the quantity and quality of services required to provide the Kentucky population with the best possible care. The paper concludes with three brief scenarios describing the possible effects of the three models and physical therapy in Kentucky. The scenarios unfold from differing assumption about the effects of manpower production on health care. Scenario A is a "current arrangement" scenario. Scenario B considers the effects of predicting future manpower requirements and resources based on the past. Scenario C projects the effects of a comprehensive plan on the goal of producing the best possible care for all Kentuckians. PMID- 7111402 TI - Using an isokinetic exercise machine to improve the gait pattern in a hemiplegic patient. A case report. PMID- 7111405 TI - Follow-up of the graduates of one curriculum. 1956-1980. AB - A questionnaire was developed to obtain information from the graduates of the Marquette University Program in Physical Therapy from 1956, the year the program was established, to 1980. The response rate was 65 percent, with 433 graduates from 25 classes returning the questionnaire. The profile derived from the responses is of a graduate who remains employed in physical therapy full time or part-time, is satisfied with the undergraduate preparation received, and is a member of the American Physical Therapy Association. Compared with other studies, this survey reveals that lower percentages of physical therapy graduates are employed in hospital settings, higher percentages are earning graduate credits, and the dropout rate from the profession has decreased significantly. Other information obtained from the questionnaire is presented relating ti demographics, continuing education, and participation in professional organizations. PMID- 7111406 TI - Delineating the roles of the sports physical therapist and the athletic trainer: five views. PMID- 7111407 TI - [Survey on recurrence in essential varicose disease]. PMID- 7111408 TI - [Varicose recurrence]. PMID- 7111409 TI - [Elements of approach to varicose recurrence]. PMID- 7111410 TI - [Attempt at a simple statistical interpretation of partial recurrence after sclerosis of varices]. PMID- 7111411 TI - [Statistical trial; reflections on the future of the varicose patient]. PMID- 7111412 TI - [Varicose recurrence: opinion of a team]. AB - Relapse, or the continuation of the development of varicose disorder, seems to us to be common after sclerosis when there is a manifest insufficiency of the saphenous valves. Relapse following surgical operation is rare : 0.4 p. cent in our files. Most often it follows initial surgery which has been too limited, or else faulty. However, one out of every thousand of our patients has relapsed, and there has been no possible valid explanation of the venous redevelopment, whose factors are analysed. PMID- 7111414 TI - [Essential recurrence based on unrecognized angiodysplasias]. PMID- 7111413 TI - [The role of perforated veins of the inside thigh in varicose recurrence]. AB - The hunterian and juxtahunterian perforators, which communicate with the deep system on the inner thigh, either with the trunk of the long saphenous vein, single or bifurcated, or with one or several separate trunks, correspond to three schematic anatomical types. They play a major part in the post-surgical relapse of varicose veins, as the author's statistics show. Indeed, out of 157 post surgical varicose relapses, clinical examination and phlebography have proved that perforator incontinency on the inner thigh contributes to the process in 40 p. cent of the cases, with the exception of 10 p. cent of the cases; normally it is associated with a redeveloped long sapheno-femoral junction, as well as with incontinence of the short sapheno-femoral junction which also relapses eventually. In approximately two out of three cases, sclerosant treatment is enough, but when these perforators are very large they must be operated, following minute examination using a good phlebographical technique. PMID- 7111415 TI - [Diagnosis of recurrent postoperative varicose disease by ascending phlebography with the Valsalva maneuver]. PMID- 7111417 TI - [The place of vascular functional examination in the evaluation of the recurrence of varices after stripping]. PMID- 7111416 TI - [Importance of Doppler ultrasonics in the recurrence of surgically treated varices]. PMID- 7111418 TI - [Who among patients already operated on for essential varicose veins, can benefit from repeat surgery?]. PMID- 7111419 TI - [Surgical treatment of postoperative recurrences of varicose veins]. PMID- 7111420 TI - [Personal concept of factors conditioning the recurrence of essential varicose veins after treatment]. PMID- 7111421 TI - [Recurrent varicose veins]. PMID- 7111423 TI - [10 cases of necrotic ulcers]. AB - The wide-spreading ulcers with surface gangrene usually occur in elderly female patients who also hav visceral lesions associated with atheromatosis. Their development is long and irregular. Local or general recurrence is common. The purely symptomatic treatment will be aimed particularly at the prevention of superinfection. PMID- 7111424 TI - [Perforating veins]. AB - The role of the perforating veins in the physiopathology and treatment of varicose disorder and of post-phlebitic syndromes is the subject of this study, based on the results of 5 000 observations of surgery of the veins in the lower limbs. Neglect of the perforators is responsible for a sizeable percentage of relapse after the simple stripping of the saphenous axes. In post-phlebitic syndrome and, more particularly, in trophic disorders, they play a major part, and ought to be the object of thorough investigation, using clinical examination, the Doppler and phlebography. PMID- 7111422 TI - [Gravity and venous circulation. I. The normal vein]. PMID- 7111425 TI - [Therapeutic principles of lymphostasis of the extremities]. AB - After a short reminder of the posological classification of the lymphoedema of the limbs, the author describes the channels of lymphatic return and their anatomical structure. The medication of lymphostasis aims to increase the lymphatic flow. It is often the association of the various forms of medication (antialdosterone-benzopyrones) that leads to the increased lymphatic evacuation. The so-called conservative methods try to recover a physiological site for the lymphatic reflux. Incision of the fibrous cicatrices, instrumental expulsion of the oedema and, the preferred method, manual lymphatic drainage, associated with a suitable form of compression, are amongst the steps to be taken. Surgery of lymphoedema is today still, as a rule, a mutilating procedure, although often necessary. Excision and drainage are however being replaced by techniques of lymphovenous anastomosis. PMID- 7111426 TI - [The main indications for crenotherapy, its contra-indications]. AB - The current and recent development in indications for the thermal treatment is linked with certain characteristics of current therapeutics, the appearance of new clinical motives for prescribing the treatment, the quantitative and qualitative increase in the pathological symptoms known as "civilizational disorders", the extension of life-span and thus an increase in the number of sage linked complaints. The author also mentions the time to be appointed for the treatment, its ultimately preventive nature, and the problem of indication with regard to age. Crenotherapy is still the treatment indicated in the case of the sequels to certain acute disorders, the initial period of chronic organic disorders, functional troubles, and morbid or allergic predispositions. PMID- 7111427 TI - [The thermal cure at Bagnoles-de-l'Orne]. AB - The spa of Bagnoles-de-l'Orne is one of the few French watering-places north of the Loire. It specializes in the treatment of complications of venous affections. The basic crenotherapeutic treatment consists of the main thermal bath, plus treatments such as showers, aero-massages, manual massages. The thermal water of Bagnoles-de-l'Orne is of medium temperature. It has the following recognized properties: -- sedative properties -- used in the treatment of pain associated with chronic venous insufficiency, cramps, sympatheticalgic phenomena; -- anti oedematous properties, of prime importance in the treatment of oedema of postthrombotic illness and hydroplasmic obesity; -- anti-inflammation properties, especially anti-cellulitis, more particularly associated with post-thrombotic illness; -- a mitotic effect used in the healing of ulcers of circulatory origin in the lower limbs. The effect of the thermal water of Bagnoles-de-l'Orne is enhanced by a climatic factor: the cool climate of the Norman Bocage. PMID- 7111429 TI - [Respective indications for surgery and sclerosis in the treatment of varicose veins of the leg]. AB - Presenting this paper on a problem which causes so much discussion and controversy, we hope to clarify the discussion in order to bring the two points of view together. With this in mind and without claiming to be in possession of the truth, we give our method of examination, the criteria by which we judge therapeutic indications, and the criteria by which we evaluate the results. We believe that by codifying these three aspects we shall find a reliable basis for discussion, enabling us to evaluate and compare our different views of therapy. PMID- 7111430 TI - [Prevention and public health of venous disease]. AB - Having stressed how very common varicose disorders are, and how varied in different parts of the world, the author considers the various known epidermiological factors: hereditary and endocrinian, but also acquired, and in which modern life and its increasingly sedentary character plays a big part. The second part draws attention to the necessity of doctor-patient collaboration : the doctor aiming at finding effective prevention... Then the author considers in turn the prescriptions of oestroprogestatives, compression, or correction of the disorders connected with venous stasis in the foot. The varicose patient himself must make an effort to adapt to his daily life, to live according to hygienic principles in which physical activity has place; this leads the author to consider sports, either as beneficial of harmful to the patient. PMID- 7111428 TI - [Deep venous thromboses of the leg. Clinical and therapeutic aspects]. AB - Pulmonary embolism and post-phlebitic syndromes are the most serious risks run by the patient suffering from deep venous thrombosis in the lower limbs. The prognostic of phlebitis depends on how quickly the diagnosis is made, and on the quality of treatment. There is no constant functional or physical symptom. Diagnosis must therfore be readily referable and, if necessary, should be confirmed by paraclinical examinations. Current treatment makes particular use of heparine and haemodilution, always associated with walking and elasto-adhesive compression. Early institution of treatment means that the development of complications can be avoided and gives the patient the best chances of a cure without sequels. PMID- 7111431 TI - [Venous ambulatory surgery]. PMID- 7111432 TI - [Microcirculation and oral contraceptives]. AB - A microvascular "condition" associated with the contraceptive Pill does exist; it explains in those "priviledged" women certain functional symptoms and minor venous incidence such as telangiectasia. We still have to prove the direct and particular relation. Documents and statistics are few and far between ; the reasons for this are the difficulty in obtaining them, the pharmaceutical form, and individual vascular response. A regional investigation was carried out over four years in a homogenous population shows only four cases of telangiectasia. Clinical and experimental facts enable us to discuss the pathogeny. Excessive permeability and capillaro-venular neogenesis are at its basis and, mutatis mutandis, we can compare gravid histangiopathy and functional histangiopathy of the Pill, there being no fibrinoid necrosis. We are able to observe under capillaroscopy the same phenomenon in the base of the nail, as in the ocular conjunctiva: this stems from excessive permeability and its effects of interstitial constriction on the microvessels when the lymphatic drainage is flooded. Corrective treatment is possible. PMID- 7111433 TI - [Varicose eczema]. AB - The term "varicose eczema", although made acceptable by its use, is ambiguous and misleading. It would prompt us to believe that varicose eczema is different from common dermatological eczema. There is no such difference, and it would be more correct to speak of eczema of the varicose patient. The development of eczema in the case of a varicose patient may:--either develop in the case of a varicose patient who does not normally suffer from eczematous dermatosis; in this case static dermatitis represents a point of local reference for an eczematous crisis triggered off by a general factor and finding there a zone of reduced resistance; -or develop in the case of a known habitual eczematic. In this case, venous stasis increases and maintains and eczema. In both cases no local dermatological treatment will be able to cure the eczema, which will develop into a critical condition often provoking the development of a leg ulcer, and will necessitate the suppression of the venous counter-current. To try and understand the pathological mechanism of "varicose eczema", we have to remember the rudiments of the physiology of the cutaneous barrier, familiar to dermatologists but less so to phlebologists, and also some elements of the physiopathology of venous insufficiency, and in particular the tissular elements following the pattern explained by Comel's Italian school, by the term "histo-angiological decompensation". The circulatory unit "arteries-capillaries-veins-lymphatic vessels-tissues" form an ensemble which has to be taken into account, as any disorders in any one of these elements reacts on all the others. These elementary rudiments lead us to understand the importance of an integral aetiopathogenic picture of varicose eczema, and the importance of the multidisciplinary collaboration between phlebologists and dermatologists in order to treat this affection, the border-line of our two specialities. PMID- 7111434 TI - [Failure in sclerotherapy: interpretation and management]. AB - In the following summary, we give the definition and interpretation of sclerotherapeutic failure, and the procedure to be observed in such cases. Failure will appear either as postsclerotic relapse, phlebitis at the site of injection, or absence of sclerosis after adequate dosing of sclerosants. In such cases, there are three possibilities: 1. the patient is less sensitive to the sclerosant; 2. the patient has developed sclero-resistance; 3. the patient has an initially concealed saphenous insufficiency. We give you the procedure to follow in each of the three cases. PMID- 7111435 TI - On the chromophore configuration of metarhodopsin II. PMID- 7111436 TI - Photoreactivation associated with chromosomal abnormality in sea urchin eggs fertilized with ultraviolet-irradiated sperm. PMID- 7111437 TI - Membrane lysis in Chinese hamster ovary cells treated with hemtoporphyrin derivative plus light. PMID- 7111438 TI - Photosensitized degradation of DNA by daunomycin. PMID- 7111439 TI - Phototoxicity from benoxaprofen: in vivo and in vitro studies. PMID- 7111440 TI - Coal tar phototoxicity: active compounds and action spectra. PMID- 7111441 TI - Photosensitization by antimalarial drugs. PMID- 7111442 TI - Determinants of hematoporphyrin-catalyzed photosensitization. PMID- 7111443 TI - Autonomic innervation of the vomeronasal organ of the cat. PMID- 7111444 TI - Intracerebral injections of isotonic saline prevent behavioral deficits from brain damage. PMID- 7111445 TI - A brain stem region essential for the classically conditioned but not unconditioned nictitating membrane response. PMID- 7111446 TI - Effects of histamine microinjections into the hippocampus on open-field behavior in rats. AB - Increasing evidence supports the concept that histamine would subserve neurotransmitter functions in the brain. In hippocampus, some cases of histamine receptors coupled to adenylate cyclase has been described. In our laboratory we were interested in studying the possible physiological role of these histamine receptors and behavior. Unilateral cannulae were stereotaxically implanted in the caudal hippocampus in adult male rats. Forty-eight hours later, after an acute microinjection of histamine (1 microgram), 3-methyl-histamine (1 microgram) or saline (1 microliter), the following behavioral parameters were measured by an observer in an open-field: locomotor, rearing, sniffing, grooming, social sniffing and holding activities. It was observed that histamine inhibited locomotor and rearing activities; whereas, 3-methyl-histamine induced an increase in almost all behaviors. Results support the concept of a probable function of histamine in exploratory behavior in the rat. PMID- 7111447 TI - Latency of the nictitating membrane response to periocular electrostimulation in unanesthetized rabbits. AB - The latency of the nictitating membrane response (NMR) in rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) to periocular electro-stimulation is a negative exponential function of stimulus current with an asymptote of approximately 17 msec. The NMR was recorded by means of a precision low-torque potentiometer like that employed in previous studies of NMR latency, and the criterion of response initiation employed here was similar to that employed in studies of classical conditioning in this preparation. Using estimates from physiological studies on surgically acute preparations, the minimum latency of the NMR of 17 msec can be decomposed as follows: 4 msec to fire motoneurons of the accessory abducens nucleus; 9 msec for conduction, synaptic transmission, and recruitment of retractor bulbi muscle fibers; 4 msec for the nictitating membrane to initiate its sweep after eyeball retraction. The implications of these estimates for chronic unit-recording studies of the conditioned NMR are discussed. PMID- 7111448 TI - Parametric effects in the discrimination of intracranial stimulation: some methodological and analytical issues. AB - Rats were implanted with electrodes in the medial forebrain bundle at the level of the lateral hypothalamus. Electrical stimulation was established as a conditioned stimulus for responding in a modified two-way active shock avoidance procedure. Stimulus generalization experiments were conducted to determine the effects of pulse frequency, current intensity, pulse duration, and of train duration. It was found that the discriminative stimulus properties of the electrical stimulation co-varied in an orderly manner with variations in each of the parameters. The generalization data sets of frequency, intensity, and train duration could be fitted by linear functions in log-linear coordinates; the effects of pulse duration generated a biphasic gradient. An analysis in terms of charge revealed that train duration had the lowest slope, whereas frequency and intensity generated equally steep functions. The most striking differences occurred among conditions which were similar in terms of current intensity, pulse duration and number of pulses, but which differed in the temporal patterning of pulses. Some methodological and analytical aspects of discrimination and generalization with intracranial stimulation are discussed. PMID- 7111449 TI - Interrelationships among activity, food intake and weight gain in genetically obese and lean Zucker rats. AB - In Experiment 1, food deprivation resulting in a 30% reduction in body weight produced significant increases in wheel running in both obese and lean female Zucker rats. In Experiment 2, a new technique, food contingent activity (FR, VI), dramatically increased wheel running in both obese and lean female Zucker rats. This increase in activity was achieved primarily during the dark period. Regardless of changes in activity levels, food intake and body weight gain remained similar to controls. When food was again available ad lib, activity levels rapidly decreased for obese but not lean rats. These results indicate that behavioral interventions alone are not sufficient to correct the obesity of the genetically obese rat. PMID- 7111450 TI - Taste aversion to sugars by the gerbil. AB - Some conditioned taste aversion experiments were undertaken to determine how the gerbil responds to disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols. We observed the following: animals taught an aversion to 0.1 M sucrose generalized the avoidance to most sugars, the exception being galactitol; animals taught to avoid 0.01 M hydrochloric acid generalized the avoidance towards lactose, cellobiose, maltitol, methyl alpha-D-galactopyranoside, methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside, methyl beta-D-glucopyranoside, and glycerol; animals taught to avoid 0.001 M quinine . HCl generalized the avoidance towards methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside, methyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, glycerol, ethylene glycol and erythritol. In no case did animals taught to avoid 0.1 M sodium chloride avoid any of the sugars. Moreover, it was observed that the gerbil's behavior with most reducing sugars was different than with equivalent methyl glycosides. For example, animals that were taught to avoid sucrose generalized the avoidance towards reducing sugars, such as, D-galactose, D-glucose, and D-mannose. However, the methyl glycosides, such as methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside, methyl beta-D-glucopyranoside, methyl alpha-D-galactopyranoside and methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside, in addition to being avoided by animals taught to avoid sucrose, were also avoided by animals taught to avoid quinine . HCl or hydrochloric acid. In addition, we have observed that the control animals consumed differing amounts of sugars and have concluded, therefore, that the sugars were not equally pleasant despite our attempt to use concentrations which produced equally intense neural responses in the gerbil's chorda tympani nerve. PMID- 7111451 TI - Influence of environmental rearing history and postsurgical environmental change on the septal rage syndrome in mice. AB - Reactivity to handling was examined in Binghamton Heterogeneous (HET) mice given septal lesions or control surgery following 5 weeks of postweaning rearing in enriched or restricted environments. Three housing conditions were employed: continuous enrichment, continuous restriction (both pre- and postsurgically), and a group switched from environmental enrichment to restriction 24 hours after surgery. The restricted mice were more reactive to handling than the enriched mice presurgically (60 days old), and interactions of housing conditions and surgery were found over the seven day postsurgical handling and testing period. The restricted mice given septal lesions greatly increased in reactivity postsurgically, while the intact controls declined in reactivity over the postsurgical week. The enriched septals were only moderately increased over the low presurgical reactivity baseline, and were much less reactive than the restricted septals. Perhaps the most remarkable finding was the dramatic and immediate increase in reactivity in the septals switched from enrichment to restriction, while intact controls showed no effect of the switch. These results emphasize the importance of experience in determining the effects of septal damage, and may be useful in examining other correlates of septal rage. PMID- 7111453 TI - Amelioration of genetic (SHR) hypertension: a consequence of early handling. PMID- 7111454 TI - Social and solitary drinking: effects on consumption and mood in male social drinkers. PMID- 7111452 TI - Plasma catecholamines in salt-sensitive hypertensive (Dahl) rats. PMID- 7111455 TI - Effects of forebrain lesions on spawning behaviour in the male goldfish. AB - Lesions were stereotaxically placed in medial nuclei of the ventral telencephalon and preoptic area of male goldfish. Only lesions in the area ventralis telencephali pars supracommissuralis (Vs) and posterior pars ventralis (pVv) were effective in reducing the proportion of males spawning, as compared to sham groups, both 5 days (Experiment 1) and up to 4 weeks (Experiment 2) postoperatively. Spawning consistency over 7 weekly tests was negatively correlated with the volume of Vs-pVv destruction. Two-thirds of Vs-pVv lesioned males spawned on at least one of their weekly tests, with latencies for the onset of each courtship behaviour similar to those of control fish, partial performance of the spawning sequence was rare. These results suggest that lesion of the supracommissural telencephalon (Vs-pVv region) blocks the initiation of spawning behaviour in the male goldfish, perhaps by lowering reproductive motivation specifically or by interfering with the perception of sexual, particularly olfactory, cues. PMID- 7111456 TI - Shortened pain response time following repeated algesiometric tests in rats. PMID- 7111457 TI - An inexpensive restraint for small animals. PMID- 7111458 TI - A comparison of the effect of preoperative gentling on the mouse killing and reactivity induced by lesions of the lateral septum, the medial accumbens nucleus, and the medial hypothalamus. AB - Adult male rats were either gentled or not gentled 10 min each day for 5 days and then subjected to lesions of the lateral septum, the medial accumbens, the medial hypothalamus, or were given sham lesions. Mouse killing was tested in the living cage on Days 2, 7, and 14 postoperatively while reactivity to the experimenter was tested on Days 3, 8, and 15. The frequency of killing in the gentled groups was always significantly higher than that of the gentled sham-lesion controls, but the frequency of killing by the nongentled groups was seldom significantly higher than that of the nongentled sham-lesioned controls. Gentling caused a slight enhancement of killing in the lesioned animals and a slight attenuation of killing in the sham lesioned animals. Preoperative gentling attenuated reactivity to the experimenter in animals with lesions of the lateral septum but not in those with lesions of the medial accumbens nucleus or the medial hypothalamus. The observation that preoperative gentling tends to increase mouse killing confirms previous observations. The finding that preoperative gentling attenuates reactivity following septal but not medial accumbens or medial hypothalamic lesions suggests that these structures subserve different functions in the inhibitory modulation of defensive behavior. PMID- 7111459 TI - Tail pinch induced consummatory behaviors are associated with analgesia. AB - Pinching the tail of a rat results in a set of consummatory behaviors including chewing, eating and licking. In the present study, the effect of tail pinch on pain thresholds was evaluated using the hot-plate and writhing tests. Continuous tail pinch resulted in chewing and markedly lengthened the latency to hind-paw licking and jumping (hot-plate test) when compared with control rats and totally eliminated writhing behaviors. Tail pinch (which induced chewing) for one minute prior to the analgesic testing also prolonged the latency of hot plate-induced behaviors and suppressed the number of writhing behaviors. Naloxone reversed the tail pinch induced analgesia as measured by the hot-plate test, but did not reverse tail pinch-induced analgesia as measured by the writhing test. PMID- 7111460 TI - Some effects of ovariectomy and estrogen replacement on body composition in the rat. AB - Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized (OvX) at 3 ages, day 2 (D2), week 4 (W4) and week 7 (W7); a group of OvX W7 rats were treated daily with estrogen (OB;2 micrograms for 2 or 5 weeks from 10 weeks of age). Rats were slaughtered at 4 ages, weeks 7, 9, 12 and 15, for the chemical analysis of carcass and skin. Chemical compositions were analysed as % wet weight and as component weights by two-way analysis of variance. Component weights were also analysed by allometry, regressing against nose-anal length. Ovariectomy increased overall body weight without causing obesity. The weight gain of the OvX rat was mainly a true growth response but OvX affected body proportions so that at a given body length the OvX rat had a larger skin and carcass than controls. Ovariectomy at the earliest age (D2) produced the smallest response in body weight and body length but produced the greatest fat redistribution towards the skin and away from the carcass; there was no net change in whole body fat levels following OvX. Long-term daily OB treatment increased fat reserves but slowed the growth of other body components, including the axial skeleton. Whereas OvX redistributed components between skin and carcass, OB treatment reversed this process. PMID- 7111461 TI - [Effects of post-weaning rearing conditions on learning performance in "dwarf" mice (author's transl)]. AB - The effects of different environments on learning ability were investigated in mice homozygous for the locus "dwarf," characterized by a primary deficiency of the anterior hypophysis. Two experiments were conducted; they differed from one another in several aspects such as sex and age at entry into different environments. In both experiments, half the "dwarf" (homozygous dw/dw) and control mice of the same strain (heterozygous dw/+ or homozygous +/+) were placed in either an "enriched" or "impoverished" environment. After 31 days of rearing in these conditions, animals were then pretrained and tested with the standard 12 Hebb-Williams problems. Results from both experiments revealed that (1), independently of environment, "dwarf" mice made significantly more errors than controls (p less than 0.001); (2) mice of the "enriched" groups made significantly less errors than those of the "impoverished" groups (p less than 0.05); (3) environmental effects tended to be larger in "dwarf" mice than in controls. The results are discussed in the light of previous observations on the level of locomotor activity and on the degree of interaction of "dwarf" mice with their physical environment; they are compared to those reported for hypothyroid animals and to those of animals with hippocampal lesions. PMID- 7111463 TI - Effect of ambient temperature on learning. PMID- 7111462 TI - Extreme sensitivity of diabetic mice to naloxone-induced suppression of food intake. PMID- 7111465 TI - A physical assessment for stroke patients. PMID- 7111464 TI - Prolongation of ambulation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy by appropriate orthoses. PMID- 7111466 TI - Benesh Movement Notation. An introduction to recording clinical data. Part II: Recording timing and the quality of movement. PMID- 7111467 TI - Easy chairs for arthritic patients. PMID- 7111468 TI - The practical accuracy of Benesh Movement Notation. PMID- 7111469 TI - The origin, significance and future of the district physiotherapist role. Physiotherapy organisation: 6. PMID- 7111470 TI - Ultrasound couplants for physiotherapy. PMID- 7111471 TI - Adjustable frame for wall-mounted traction Units. PMID- 7111472 TI - Ozone pollution due to lonozone therapy. PMID- 7111473 TI - Physiotherapy for multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7111474 TI - Drug treatment in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7111475 TI - Psychosocial aspects of multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7111476 TI - Multiple sclerosis -- recent advances in research. PMID- 7111477 TI - The Draycott-Oswestry spina bifida splint. PMID- 7111478 TI - Thoughts on hallux valgus and matrimony or bunions and bedmates. PMID- 7111479 TI - Mechanism of cardiovascular action of Terminalia arjuna. PMID- 7111480 TI - [Effects of three alkaloids isolated from Strychnos usambarensis on cancer cells in culture (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111481 TI - On the active principles of the Thymelaeaceae. I. The irritants and cocarcinogens of Pimelea prostrata. PMID- 7111482 TI - Cardioactive drugs III. Cardioactive amines from Echinocereus blanckii. PMID- 7111483 TI - [Constituents of Daphne tangutica (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111484 TI - On the active principles of the Thymelaeaceae. II. Skin irritant and cocarcinogenic diterpenoid factors from Daphnopsis racemosa. PMID- 7111485 TI - Electrothrombosis as a treatment of cirsoid angioma in the face and scalp and varicosis of the leg. AB - On the basis of the results of preliminary animal experiments, electrothrombosis was clinically utilized as a treatment for cirsoid angioma or varicosis. Seven patients with cirsoid angioma of the head and neck and two patients with varicosis of the leg treated by electrothrombosis technique are presented. Six were improved by electrothrombosis alone to the extent that no further treatment was required, while in three with angiomas, further surgery was needed to reduce the mass to normal size. The preceding use of electrothrombosis decreased the bleeding significantly. During follow-up from 18 months to 7 years, neither recurrence nor postoperative complications were encountered. PMID- 7111486 TI - Correction of postburn syndactyly: an analysis of children with introduction of the VM-plasty and postoperative pressure inserts. AB - An analysis of 190 operations for correction of postburn syndactyly in children showed that none of the procedures commonly used was entirely satisfactory because of partial recurrence of the lesion or less than optimal cosmetic results. Complete correction of the dorsal slant was a particular problem. Because of this, a new operation, designated the VM-plasty, was devised specifically for correction of postburn syndactyly, and this procedure was evaluated in 24 deformities. Our experience suggests that incision of the web with simple closure, simple YV-plasties, and simple or complex Z-plasties should not be used for postburn correction of webs 2, 3, and 4. The five-flap technique of Rousso and, occasionally, Z-plasties are suitable for correction of simple webs of the thumb space, and rotational flaps are suitable in some instances for correction of webs 2, 3 and 4. However, the VM-plasty now appears to be preferable in all instances of volar or dorsal webs where there is no limitation of the back of the hand at or distal to the metacarpophalangeal joints with the fist clenched. Contractures limiting the clenched fist usually require a graft to achieve complete anatomic correction. An adjunctive procedure of graded interdigital pressure inserts was evaluated following the correction of 28 webs and appeared to prevent the appearance of hypertrophic scar formation with improved cosmetic appearance and preservation of the dorsal slant. PMID- 7111487 TI - Psychological reactions to prophylactic mastectomy synchronous with contralateral breast reconstruction. AB - Women who have a mastectomy for cancer and must consider the possibility of a simultaneous prophylactic mastectomy and reconstruction at the time of reconstruction of the mastectomized breast have a variety of reactions. The reactions of the women in this study ranged from terror and reluctant acceptance to eagerness to be rid of future threats of cancer. This paper describes the stages of telling the patient, reactions to anticipated loss, and the postoperative reactions to the second mastectomy. For some the second mastectomy relieved fears about developing cancer; others found the idea devastating but still acceptable. The majority more readily assimilated the immediately reconstructed breast into their body image. Immediate reconstruction appears beneficial in easing the pain of an inevitably difficult experience. PMID- 7111488 TI - Healing and tensile strength of CO2 laser incisions and scalpel wounds in rabbits. AB - An experimental model was designed in order to compare the results of wound healing after skin incision by CO2 laser and scalpel. The skin of 36 rabbits was incised by a CO2 laser with a 15-W current output and by scalpel. The wounds were tested for tensile strength and histology after healing up to 4 weeks to determine if scalpel wounds differed from those made by the laser beam. Tensile strength tests showed that the wound incised by the laser beam was initially stronger up to 3 weeks; thereafter, the strength of both types of wounds was equal. Histologic preparations showed partial necrosis of the wound edges and a more extensive inflammation response in laser beam incisions which disappeared gradually from 2 weeks after incision. Because of initial stronger scar following laser beam incision as compared with scalpel incision, early mobilization of the operated limb is possible. PMID- 7111490 TI - A rare case of epispadias with normal prepuce. PMID- 7111489 TI - Blood pressure drop as a result of fluorescein injection. AB - Our experience with intravenous fluorescein involved 38 administrations in 29 patients. In all, 24 percent were associated with a drop in blood pressure of 20 mmHg or more and 8 percent with a blood pressure fall of 60 mmHg or more. We believe that physicians using fluorescein in bolus form should be aware of the problem of blood pressure reduction and be prepared to take restorative measures when necessary. PMID- 7111491 TI - Unilateral disk edema following tripod fracture repair necessitating optic nerve decompression. AB - Compression of the intracanalicular portion of the optic nerve as a complication of repair of a zygomaticomaxillary fracture is possible in the setting of multiple orbital fractures. This is a case report of optic canal compression of the optic nerve as a results of a delayed repair of a tripod fracture using the lateral approach. This occurred in the setting of a severely fractured orbit and resulted in florid unilateral disk edema, visual loss, and an afferent pupil defect. After optic canal decompression, vision was restored and the disk edema resolved. However, the afferent pupil defect has persisted. This is as yet an unreported complication of zygomaticomaxillary fracture repair. PMID- 7111492 TI - Mirror hand anomaly: reconstruction of the thumb, wrist, forearm, and elbow. AB - Surgical procedures and the results of reconstruction of the mirror hand anomaly are presented. The thumb was reconstructed by pollicization of the radial third finger and multiple muscle transfer. The function of wrist, forearm, and elbow improved with arthroplasty of the affected joints. The results of the follow-up are satisfactory. We believe that surgical treatment of the mirror hand should be started in early life. PMID- 7111493 TI - The seagull incision in posterior cervical lift: indications, limitations, and surgical technique. AB - A seagull incision in the posterior scalp as used by us for the past 15 years for the correction of flaccidity in the posterior and anterior lower neck regions through a posterior cervical lift has been described in detail with its advantages, indications, and limitations. In our experience, the posterior cervical lift has little or no effect in correcting flaccidity in the upper anterior neck region, and therefore, this procedure should not be routinely performed in all cases of rhytidoplasty. One has to be highly selective in performing this procedure. PMID- 7111494 TI - A method for accurate determination of the site of nipple-areola reconstruction. PMID- 7111495 TI - Recurrent basal cell carcinoma. PMID- 7111497 TI - Nasendoscopy: significant refinements of a direct-viewing technique of the velopharyngeal sphincter. AB - The need for a three-dimensional record of velopharyngeal sphincter function in patients with craniofacial anomalies and speech problems is discussed. A refined split-screen video technique using color nasendoscope image, lateral video fluoroscopy, and synchronous speech recording with the patient awake and in supine position is described. A special signal processor is used to position the color nasendoscopy image. The examination is recorded on 1-in. videotape. The technique allows three-dimensional appraisal of sphincter function with direct viewing and enables assessment of a range of abnormalities, assessment of the effectiveness of pharyngoplasties, and prediction of speech deformities and their management following midface craniofacial surgery. PMID- 7111496 TI - Visual interpretation of fluorescein penetration and ultimate flap survival. PMID- 7111498 TI - The recognition of acquired ptosis in patients considered for upper-eyelid blepharoplasty. AB - Involutional or senile ptosis commonly occurs simultaneously with dermatochalasis. Levator aponeurosis dehiscence or disinsertion is the most common etiology of acquired involutional ptosis in our practice. The presence of ptosis should be ascertained prior to performing an upper-lid blepharoplasty. The surgical repair of a levator dehiscence or disinsertion can be performed simultaneously with a blepharoplasty or may be the indicated procedure rather than a blepharoplasty. The recognition and appropriate management of acquired ptosis will provide better cosmetic and functional surgical results in patients undergoing upper-eyelid surgery. PMID- 7111499 TI - Abdominoplasty combined with other surgical procedures. PMID- 7111500 TI - The pectoralis major myocutaneous flap and omental transposition for closure of infected median sternotomy wounds. PMID- 7111501 TI - Pectoralis major muscle turnover flaps for closure of the infected sternotomy wound with preservation of form and function. PMID- 7111503 TI - Congenital unilateral pseudoptosis of the upper eyelid. PMID- 7111502 TI - Thermal-energy dissipation: a laboratory study to assess patency in blood vessels. AB - Surgeons involved in the repair of small blood vessels could benefit from a postoperative monitoring system that would allow vessel-patency determination. These experiments have confirmed that thermal-energy dissipation, measured electrically by direct vascular thermocouple application, is a sensitive and accurate indicator of regional arterial perfusion. Occlusion of arteries 1 to 2 mm in diameter produced a significant temperature decrease in direct artery measurements in the rat and island-flap artery assessments in rats and rabbits. Early recognition of vessel occlusion could allow for rapid intervention and increase the likelihood of tissue salvage. While this technology need not replace existing methodology, it does alleviate many of the problems seen with other vessel- and tissue-monitoring methods and thus may deserve further investigation. PMID- 7111504 TI - Trabecular or Merkel-cell carcinoma of the skin. AB - The Merkel-cell tumor (trabecular carcinoma) is an unusual skin appendage malignancy that often recurs locally after initial excision. Occasional regional node metastasis occurs with the larger lesions. This report details our experience with six patients who developed this lesion. Illustrated is a spectrum of malignancy from a locally limited tumor to ones that led to death of the patients. Recognition of this rare tumor is important to ensure proper local treatment with close follow-up observation of the patient. PMID- 7111505 TI - A simplified technique for deepithelialization in patients requiring augmentation mastopexy. PMID- 7111507 TI - Recurrent basal cell carcinoma. PMID- 7111506 TI - Urethral advancement for distal hypospadias repair in circumcised patients. AB - A new hypospadias repair technique is presented for distal cases. It is a modified form of the old Beck-Hacker technique and applicable only for distal hypospadias patients with minimal or no chordee. It consists of bringing the abnormally localized meatus to the tip of the glans penis by freeing and advancing the distal urethra. Thirty cases were operated on with this technique in the past 2 1/2 years with better results. The advantages of this simple technique can be summarized as follows: (1) it is easy to apply; (2) it can be applied to circumcised patients; (3) it can be done under local anesthesia even in the office; (4) the total length of the urethra is normal in its mucous membrane; (5) stricture formation is minimized by this solo glandular triangular flap; (6) ther is no need for a catheter; and (7) patients urinate freely during the healing process. PMID- 7111510 TI - [A clinical and psychopathological consideration on elective mutism in adolescence: five cases who have poor volition to seek socialization (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111509 TI - [A clinicopathological study of Pick's disease--our sixty autopsied cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111508 TI - Prostaglandin inhibitors and wound healing. PMID- 7111511 TI - [A case of complete recovery from the interval form of carbon monoxide poisoning with apallic syndrome treated with oxygen under high pressure and its EEG findings (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111512 TI - [Dichotic detection task and schizophrenic attentional deficit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111513 TI - [A polygraphic study on nocturnal sleep of patients with spino-cerebellar degeneration--a comparative study of Marie's ataxia and OPCA (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111514 TI - [The long-term administration of nitrazepam in schizophrenics: some critical remarks (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111516 TI - ["Playing' in group psychotherapy of schizophrenics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111515 TI - [Alzheimer's disease associated with arteriosclerotic cerebrovascular lesions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111517 TI - [An experimental study on the reverse tolerance phenomenon induced by chronic methamphetamine administration in rats: the changes in [3H]-spiperone binding sites in discrete brain areas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111518 TI - [A multiphasic study of the prognoses of 625 alcoholics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111520 TI - [The Ganser syndrome]. PMID- 7111519 TI - [The effect of the therapeutic milieu in the psychiatric hospital on the communication behavior of discharged psychiatric patients with one another]. AB - The effectiveness of a social-psychiatrically orientated clinic was compared to a traditionally led ward on the communication behaviour of discharged patients. The random test of the questionnaire study included 120 patients. Patients of the two establishments who had experienced one or several depressive phases showed no differences. Patients with the diagnosis "schizophrenia" from the social psychiatrically working clinic showed significant differences in the strived-for and actually realised communication behaviour compared with the more communicatively impaired patients with the same diagnosis of the ward run according to traditional practice. PMID- 7111521 TI - [The married couple with functional sexual disorders in the sexual learning therapy]. AB - Experiences gained with 70 married couples in the course of sexual learning show positive effects obtained by including the couples in the therapeutic group and the therapeutical community as well as some problems of the combination of the training with dynamically orientated group psychotherapy. Several positive experiences from the course of learning therapy are briefly described and several negative experiences showing a disturbing effect are analysed in greater detail, such as the initial performance orientation of the husband with potency disturbances, the humiliatinhg behaviours of his wife, fears of the woman to lose her husband after curing, disagreeable sensations of shame of the woman with orgasm disturbances, her prejudices against clitoral stimulation, her desperate efforts to reach orgasm, distractions, getting accustomed to the refusing behaviour of the partner. trivial quarrelling and deeper conflicts. PMID- 7111522 TI - [Experiences with ambulatory group psychotherapy]. AB - It has been reported about the results of ambulatory psychotherapy in groups. We believed that the process in a group will be stimulated specifically by different concepts and kinds of intervention. Thus, the behaviour of the therapeut seems to be very important. Special attention is also paid to the preparation of the patients within a complex therapy programme. In this way it is possible, also to improve ambulatory ability and indication of dynamie psychotherapy in a group. PMID- 7111523 TI - [Motive for premature terminations of AT group treatment]. AB - Among a total of 600 patients, 58 patients were selected and included in two comparative groups (patients interrupting and patients completing an AT course). The patients were parallelized with respect to age, sex, picture of complaints and personality characteristics. The checkups were carried out in the form of standardised interviews, of an exploration, of the 470-FE test and the BFB (pre and posttest). Positive stabilisation and valuation of the method as well as an undisturbed relation with the therapist correlate with a completion of the therapy; premature interruption of the therapy is essentially due to the effect of environmental conditions involving conflicts and to a lesser extent to preconceived negative attitudes towards the method. Presumably, orientation on the psychotherapeutic method already exerts a positive influence by a prevention of a further iatrogenisation and additional fixation. PMID- 7111524 TI - [The significance of neuroradiologic course examinations in late epilepsies]. PMID- 7111525 TI - [View of a psychoanalyst on the psychotherapy of children]. PMID- 7111527 TI - [Therapeutic consultation of 3 young children and their mother]. PMID- 7111526 TI - [Childhood and drug abuse]. PMID- 7111529 TI - The psychology of colonialism: sex, age, and ideology in British India. AB - It is becoming more and more obvious that colonialism--as we have come to know it during the last two hundred years--cannot be identified with only economic gain and political power. In Manchuria, Japan consistently lost money, and for many years colonial Indochina, Algeria and Angola, instead of increasing the political power of France and Portugal, sapped it. This did not make Manchuria, Indochina, Algeria or Angola less important as colonies. Nor did it disprove the point that economic gain and political power are important motives in a colonial situation. It only showed that colonialism could be characterized by the search for economic and political advantage without concomitant real economic or political gains, and sometimes even with economic or political losses. This essay argues that the first differentia of colonialism is a state of mind in the colonizers and the colonized, a colonial consciousness which includes the sometimes unrealizable wish to make economic and political profits from the colonies, but other elements, too. The political economy of colonization is of course important, but the vulgarity and insanity of colonialism are principally expressed in the sphere of psychology. The following pages will explore some of these psychological contours of colonialism in the rulers and the ruled and try to define colonialism as a shared culture which may not always begin with the establishment of alien rule in a society and end with the departure of the alien rulers from the colony. The example I shall use will be that of India, where a colonial political economy began to operate seventy-five years before the full-blown ideology of British imperialism became dominant, and where thirty years after the formal ending of the raj, the ideology of colonialism is still triumphant in many sectors of life. PMID- 7111528 TI - Psychiatry's second coming. AB - American psychiatry is in ideological flux. The established professional approach -the environmentalist one, the one that has concerned itself almost exclusively with the influence of the external environment on development and behavior, that has focused on individual psychology, on childhood, on the search for unconscious motivations, on psychoanalysis, on psychotherapy, on the primacy of feeling and meaning and growing, on Freud--is under serious attack. And a new approach--a biological one, one centered on the brain, on neurochemistry, on pharmacology, on medications--is rapidly gaining adherents, not only among young psychiatrists, but also in the press, among the public, and within a universe of newly hopeful and expectant patients. Some American psychiatrists, particularly those in the environmentalist camp, deny that any changes are taking place at all, or that those changes represent anything important--certainly not a significant challenge to the truth and usefulness of the traditional psychiatric concepts and practices; many of them seem perplexed about the increasing power of biologism and about the rush among younger psychiatrists to embrace it. And the biological psychiatrists themselves, or at least some of them, feel that their time has rightfully come, that their ascendance is, simply, an appropriate and direct result of the truths they bear, the science, the knowledge; they interpret their growing strength as a recognition that their explanations for abnormalities of feeling and thinking and being are more correct than the purely psychological ones, that in explaining those human functions in chemical terms they have finally and successfully brought together the mind and the body, and that the understanding of human behavior in health, as well as its therapy in illness, will ultimately be achieved most quickly and most fully through their methods of research and through their approaches to treatment. PMID- 7111530 TI - A view of delayed parenting: some implications of a new trend. AB - The voluntary postponement of childbearing until after age 30 has become much more common, especially as new opportunities for women have emerged. Little is understood about the psychological impact on parenting and on children of women's reordering of priorities with greater emphasis on work outside the home. The assumption is made and corroborated that older mothers, who have developed competence in the world before childbearing, bring to the mothering experience strengths and shortcomings different from those of their younger counterparts. The same is assumed to be true of fathers. In a study of "on time" and delayed parenting, we found older mothers with established careers to be generally more accepting and less conflicted in the parenting role than were younger professional women. They revealed strengths which were concomitant with their level of maturity and which seemed generally advantageous for their children's development. This study suggests the need for further inquiry into the profound impact on children of parental developmental achievements and indicates that the controversy about working versus nonworking mothers may be of much less importance than an understanding of adult development and its impact on the quality of parenting. PMID- 7111531 TI - The therapeutic value of psychotherapists' values and therapy orientations. AB - This study investigated novice psychotherapists' personal values and therapy orientations as a therapist variable affecting their therapeutic rapport with psychotic patients. Both types of therapist characteristics were found significantly related to their initial success in terms of rapport with patients, while psychological differentiation and A-B types (Whitehorn and Betz 1954) were not so related. "Equilitarianism" among the values, expressive-experiential qualities among self-declared fortes, and directiveness among therapy orientations were the specific areas found associated with therapists' initial rapport. Conversely, emphasis on "identification" and "suggestive powers" as modes of change produced inverse correlations with success. The results underscore the importance of these variables as therapist attributes but do not necessarily argue for the absolute or intrinsic advantage of these values and doctrines. The composite picture which emerged of the effective therapists suggested equalitarianism combined with some degree of individualism and eclecticism underlying their personal and professional orientations. This may reflect the prevailing actual pragmatism in the professional community, even though it may contrast with their declared ideological loyalties. PMID- 7111532 TI - Ambition and accounts: a study of working-class women in adult education. AB - The notion of internal and external control is related to a number of important social psychological concepts such as internalization, alienation, powerlessness, and inner and other directedness. (See, for example, Freud 1923, Seeman 1959, Riesman 1954). As originally developed by Rotter (1966), the concept of internal control refers to a person's perception that events are contingent upon his or her behavior or attributes; external control refers to individuals' perceptions that events are not entirely contingent upon their actions but are the result of luck, chance, or fate, are controlled by powerful others, or are unpredictable because of the great complexity of surrounding forces. While conducting an analysis of the motivations of adult women returning to full-time education, I was forced to deal with the competing claims of these two concepts of control. I will, first, describe the nature of my study. Second, in the process of examining my data, I will critically assess the notion of internal and external control in conjunction with related theories concerning vocabularies of motive and casual attributions. Finally, I will discuss briefly the implications of the findings regarding the potential for social change in modern industrial society. PMID- 7111533 TI - The fantasy residue: an antitherapeutic force on the psychiatric inpatient service. AB - This paper will attempt a model of organizational behavior to the study of the origin, perpetuation, and rectification of certain antitherapeutic forces (Sacks and Carpenter 1974) on inpatient services, which I shall call the ward's "fantasy residue." The fantasy residue consists of the enduring antitherapeutic patterns of dealing with patients that have become normative for a given ward and evolve from irrational staff responses to a variety of stresses in the absence of appropriate corrective administrative actions. Because they originate in irrational responses to complicated situations of patient management or staff relations, these forces can be called "fantastical." Because they tend to flourish and remain active long after the specific conditions which gave rise to them changed or cease to exist, they are "residual." Hence, the name "fantasy residue." Once established, the fantasy residue can persist either as unacknowledged maladaptive responses in the ward's milieu or as openly espoused, presumedly valid "methods of treatment." In either case, the ward staff an its leaders lose sight of both the irrational base and antitherapeutic consequences of these attitudes and actions. In this sense, a ward's fantasy residue is analogous to a person's ego syntonic character resistances and correction requires a process of confrontation, recognition, and facilitation of objective self-scrutiny among staff and patients. PMID- 7111534 TI - Entry level achievement characteristics of youth and adults reading below fifth grade equivalent: a preliminary profile and analysis. PMID- 7111535 TI - Development of a lie scale for the Child Abuse Potential Inventory. PMID- 7111536 TI - Assessment of relationship among measures of social competence and cognition in educable mentally retarded-emotionally disturbed students. PMID- 7111537 TI - Mystical experiences, romantic love, and hypnotic susceptibility. PMID- 7111538 TI - Structure of depression in alcoholic men: a partial replication. PMID- 7111539 TI - A school-based counseling program for parents of learning disabled children using paraprofessional co-counselors. PMID- 7111540 TI - Adjustment to aging and relationships with offspring. PMID- 7111541 TI - Relationships of legal reasoning to social class, closeness to parents, and exposure to a high level of reasoning among adolescents varying in seriousness of delinquency. PMID- 7111542 TI - Wechsler subtest differences between prisoner and patients, with intelligence as a moderator variable. PMID- 7111543 TI - Clients' rehabilitation goals and outcome. PMID- 7111544 TI - Appeal of rational-emotive and client-centered therapies to first-year psychology and non-psychology students. PMID- 7111546 TI - Inter-relationships among three measures of disordered thinking in continuous word association. PMID- 7111545 TI - Selecting intelligence tests for studies of dyslexic children. PMID- 7111547 TI - Definitions of personal space: smokers versus non-smokers. PMID- 7111548 TI - Divergent perspectives in abortion counseling. PMID- 7111550 TI - Teachers' perceptions of assertive and aggressive behavior at school: a discriminant analysis. PMID- 7111549 TI - Locus of control and job dissatisfaction. PMID- 7111551 TI - Comment on readability of martial assessment measures used by behavioral marriage therapists. PMID- 7111553 TI - Utility of sex, martial status, race, and age in targeting populations for mental health services. PMID- 7111552 TI - Repression-sensitization and flood hazard appraisal in Carman, Manitoba. PMID- 7111554 TI - Factor structure of the Henderson Environmental Learning Process Scale. PMID- 7111555 TI - Appointments for intake interviews: an analysis of appointment-keeping behavior at an urban community mental health center. PMID- 7111556 TI - Measuring ward milieu and the impact of staff turnover on a psychiatry unit. PMID- 7111557 TI - Relationship between retaking the medical college admission test and admission to medical school. PMID- 7111558 TI - Effect of fetal exposure to ethanol on complex maze acquisition in rats tested as adults. PMID- 7111559 TI - Liking for touchers as a function of type of touch. PMID- 7111560 TI - Choice of immediate versus delayed reinforcement and depression. PMID- 7111561 TI - Anxiety associated with birth trauma. PMID- 7111562 TI - Psychological variables in the treatment of cancer: search for a paradigm. PMID- 7111563 TI - Insulators against stress: self-esteem and assertiveness. PMID- 7111564 TI - Testing concurrent validity of Psychotherapy Problem Checklist. PMID- 7111565 TI - Occupational stress, satisfaction, physical well being, and coping: a study of homemakers. PMID- 7111566 TI - Self-reported alcohol consumption; a real psychophysical problem. PMID- 7111567 TI - The personalities of short people. PMID- 7111568 TI - Behavioral treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorders: current status. PMID- 7111569 TI - Burnout and its relationship to teachers' somatic complaints and illnesses. PMID- 7111572 TI - Issues in validity research on the 16 PF. PMID- 7111570 TI - Use of Sidman avoidance to increase door-locking behavior among college students living in residence halls. PMID- 7111571 TI - Methodological note on deriving behavioral correlates for MMPI profile patterns: case of the female 4-5-6 configuration. PMID- 7111573 TI - Stressful experiences of children: professional judgments. PMID- 7111574 TI - Subjective stress and sources of stress for police officers. PMID- 7111575 TI - Suinn Test Anxiety Behavior Scale: normative data for graduate students in education. PMID- 7111576 TI - Incest and the multiple personality. PMID- 7111577 TI - Comparative effectiveness of videotape pretraining versus no pretraining on selected process and outcome variables in group therapy. PMID- 7111578 TI - Diabetics' self-report of medical utilization: a test of validity. PMID- 7111579 TI - Interpreting functioning levels: Woodcock-Johnson Psycho-Educational Battery. PMID- 7111580 TI - Role of task and interpersonal variables in differential perception of short-term insight-oriented and behavior therapy. PMID- 7111581 TI - Police officers killed and the guns used by criminals. PMID- 7111583 TI - Self-report and behavioral measures with heterosocially anxious subjects. PMID- 7111582 TI - Emotional elements of mental illness: psychological concomitants of stress. PMID- 7111584 TI - Internal reliabilities of the scales from the Inpatient Multidimensional Psychiatric Scale. PMID- 7111585 TI - Dental hygiene students: stereotypically feminine. PMID- 7111586 TI - A linkage theory of personality and psychotherapy. PMID- 7111587 TI - Relationship between locus of control and maladaptive fears. PMID- 7111588 TI - Using the Templer Scale to assess "death anxiety:" a cautionary note. PMID- 7111590 TI - Loneliness in elderly persons: a preliminary study. PMID- 7111589 TI - Locus of control of learning disabled and nondisabled children. PMID- 7111591 TI - Prior public health agency contacts of individuals committing suicide. PMID- 7111592 TI - Preventive training in management of stress for reduction of physiological symptoms through increased cognitive and behavioral controls. PMID- 7111593 TI - Social correlates of psychological dysfunction. PMID- 7111594 TI - On the time necessary for a visual impression to come into consciousness. PMID- 7111595 TI - Binaural processing of temporal intensity cues: suggestions for a one-system model. PMID- 7111596 TI - Feature mislocalizations and misjudgments of intercharacter distance. PMID- 7111597 TI - Colour associates to semantic linear orders. PMID- 7111598 TI - The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale for Children. PMID- 7111599 TI - Nonmemory higher cognitive function and electroconvulsive treatment. PMID- 7111600 TI - Convulsive therapy: a risk-benefit analysis. PMID- 7111601 TI - On the clinical response/serum level relationship for antidepressants II: Lofepramine and imipramine. PMID- 7111603 TI - The importance of diagnostic criteria for depression in the study of ECT. PMID- 7111602 TI - Models of cognitive impairment: cognitive changes in depression. PMID- 7111604 TI - Clinical prediction of ECT response in depressed patients. PMID- 7111605 TI - Predictors of outcome in convulsive therapy. PMID- 7111606 TI - Relevance of neuroendocrine strategies for electroconvulsive therapy research. PMID- 7111608 TI - The relative efficacy of unilateral nondominant and bilateral stimulation. PMID- 7111607 TI - Hemispheric asymmetry in affective disorders. PMID- 7111609 TI - The role of stimulus waveform in therapeutic and adverse effects of ECT. PMID- 7111610 TI - ECT and tricyclic antidepressants in the treatment of endogenous depression. PMID- 7111611 TI - Factors affecting outcome after successful electroconvulsive therapy. PMID- 7111612 TI - Electroencephalographic correlates of ECT. PMID- 7111613 TI - Short- and long-term cognitive effects of ECT: Part I--Effects on memory. PMID- 7111614 TI - Short- and long-term cognitive effects of ECT: Part II--Effects on nonmemory associated cognitive functions. PMID- 7111616 TI - Standard risk factors for lung cancer, cardiac infarct, apoplexy, diabetes mellitus and, their changes in psychosocial context. AB - In a prospective study, 1,353 persons were administered a psychosocial questionnaire. At the same time, smoking, weight, and blood pressure were measured. 3 years later these variables were measured again. Another 7 years later the whole group was checked for clinical diagnoses that had occurred in the meantime. The main results were: (1) the 3-year changes of the somatic risk factors were almost as good predictors as their values themselves; (2) psychosocial variables were considerably better predictors of the diseases, and they also predicted the changes of the somatic risk factors about as well as the diseases. PMID- 7111617 TI - Explicit incestuous motifs in psychosomatic patients. AB - In this study, which is the first ever to deal with the issue of incestuous motifs in psychosomatic patients, the author reviewed the charts of all his psychosomatic patients, seen in at least 40 interviews between 1975 and 1980, and the charts of all his non-psychosomatic patients, seen in at least 40 interviews between 1970 and 1975, in order to determine the frequency of explicit incestuous motifs in each group. It was found that the motifs had been reported by more psychosomatic patients than non-psychosomatic patients. Also, it was found that the explicit incestuous motifs which had been reported by the psychosomatic patients were more intense and pervasive than those which had been reported by the non-psychosomatic patients. These findings are discussed with reference to the issue of failure of the ego's defense mechanisms in psychosomatic patients. PMID- 7111615 TI - Marital and family issues in patients with chronic pain. A review. AB - This paper attempt to review the relevant literature pertaining to the family issues in chronic pain. To begin with, a rationale is developed for adopting a family approach to the understanding of physical and psychosomatic disorders. Pain literature is examined to demonstrate the significance of family factors in the etiology, perpetuation and treatment of chronic pain. Overall research in this entire field remains somewhat weak and thus the findings are of a tentative nature. On the other hand, the clinical significance of family factors in chronic pain are critical and cannot be ignored. The need for better designed research in this field is of utmost importance. PMID- 7111618 TI - Sleep, scratching and dreams in eczema. A new approach to alexithymia. AB - 6 patients with itching due to skin disorder and 6 student controls were studied in the sleep laboratory. It was found that some of the patients had personality characteristics consistent with Sifneos' concept of alexithymia and that these were associated with a trend towards less REM sleep and with a significant lack of involvement in dreams collected under standardised sleep laboratory conditions. It is suggested that dreams collection in a sleep laboratory may be a valuable new method in the study of the link between emotional life and psychosomatic disorders. PMID- 7111620 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic problems connected with the "borderline syndrome" or disturbances in the "self-system" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111621 TI - [Psychosomatics of the operated ulcer patient. A critical catamnesis after 4 years' treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111622 TI - ["The case of Anna O."--Catamnestic study using two different depth psychology methods (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111619 TI - Psychotherapeutic examination of patients with suspected chronic solvent intoxication. An overview. AB - A group of 13 patients, most of them house or industrial painters with strong evidence of chronic solvent intoxication were given psychotherapy, with a view to ascertaining whether psychological factors may have contributed to the signs and symptoms that had persisted after the acute manifestations had either diminished or ceased altogether. All the patients were found to have experienced severe psychic traumata during their first year of life-the preverbal period. This had resulted in defective development of language, which was reflected in a lack of words for expressing emotions; instead these were expressed nonverbally as somatic symptoms. The results of the study indicate unequivocally that in none of the 13 patients were the symptoms due to the toxic effect of solvents, all of them having a psychological rather than a somatic causation. After an analysis of the symptoms by means of an established psychotherapeutic method they diminished in severity and a number of the patients recovered completely. PMID- 7111623 TI - [Biographic features and personality patterns in patients with chronic ulcerative colitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111624 TI - [Psychotherapeutic care of leukosis patients treated under conditions of isolation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111625 TI - [Psychosomatic tasks in intensive-care medicine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111626 TI - [Psychodynamics of migraine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111628 TI - [Masochism of psychosomatic symptom formation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111631 TI - [Doctors and psychologists in in-patients psychotherapy-competition or co operation? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111629 TI - [Gestalt therapy. Possibilities and limitations of cardiac infarction rehabilitation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111630 TI - [Some thoughts on the basic concepts and practice of co-operation between psychiatrists and psychologists (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111627 TI - [Investigation into the problem of narcissistic disturbances in gouty patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111632 TI - [Experience of a practising internist in the joint treatment with psychological psychotherapists (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111633 TI - [Experience from 19 years of team work with psychologists in neurologic practice]. PMID- 7111634 TI - [30 years of clinical psychotherapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111637 TI - [The effect of Balint-practise on the doctor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111636 TI - [The effects of Balint group work on the patient (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111635 TI - [The effects of the Balint-method on the illness (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111640 TI - [Spontaneous controlled age regression in guided affective imagery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111639 TI - [Psychosomatic of gender identity in a case of an atypical testicular feminizing syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111638 TI - [Psychosomatic theory and practice in gynaecology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111641 TI - [Psychotherapy with aged people (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111642 TI - [Group therapy in a gerontopsychiatric day clinic - initial experiences (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111643 TI - [Aspects of individual psychological short psychotherapy in medial practice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111644 TI - The efficacy of group therapy for patients with irritable bowel syndrome. PMID- 7111645 TI - Organicity and tardive dyskinesia. PMID- 7111646 TI - Grief reactions to perinatal death: an exploratory study. PMID- 7111648 TI - Psychiatric training and geriatric medicine. PMID- 7111647 TI - Hypnosis in psychiatry and psychosomatic medicine. PMID- 7111649 TI - Depressive episodes following alcohol intoxication. PMID- 7111650 TI - Misperception of hemodialysis. PMID- 7111651 TI - Psychiatric recruitment. PMID- 7111652 TI - Hair loss in a patient receiving lithium: correction. PMID- 7111653 TI - The INSURE project on lifecycle preventive health services. AB - The INSURE Project on Lifecycle Preventive Health Services is a 3-year study to determine the feasibility of implementing preventive services in primary medical care as a health insurance benefit and to assess the short-term impact of this implementation on providers and consumers. Initiated by the life and health insurance companies, the project has received additional support from private philanthropic foundations. Preventive services, which will be provided under a lifecycle approach according to the age and sex of the patient and include education of patients on health-related behavior, will range from prenatal care through geriatrics. A quasi-experimental design will be used in which three study (experimental) group practice sites are matched with three control group practice sites. At the study sites, the primary care physicians will participate in orientation sessions on recommended preventive services and patient education procedure; they will also examine and counsel the study patients. The study and control physicians and patients will be surveyed before and after the program of intervention is conducted at the study sites to assess their knowledge, attitudes, and behavior toward health behavior practices. PMID- 7111654 TI - "The Health Consequences of Smoking: Cancer," overview of a report of the Surgeon General. AB - Cancer is the second most frequent cause of death in this country. Unlike deaths from other major diseases, cancer deaths have continued to increase in the last several decades, because of the rise in cancer deaths attributable to cigarette smoking, and in particular, to the risk in deaths from lung cancer. The total number of cancer deaths attributable to smoking is shown in table 4. Off 401,000 such deaths observed in 1978, a total of 122,000 or 30 percent may be attributed to smoking. These included some 80,000 deaths from lung cancer and 13,000 deaths from cancer of the mouth, pharynx, larynx, or esophagus. In all, 43 percent of cancer deaths among males and 15 percent among females were attributed to cigarette smoking. Applying this 30 percent figure to the estimated number of cancer deaths in 1982 results in an estimated 129,000 cigarette-related cancer deaths. PMID- 7111657 TI - A noncategorical approach to chronic childhood illness. PMID- 7111656 TI - Patient care management systems, medical records, and privacy: a balancing act. PMID- 7111655 TI - Asbestos in Colorado schools. AB - Forty-one public schools in Colorado were drawn at random and surveyed for asbestos-containing materials. After bulk samples of possible asbestos materials from the schools were collected and analyzed, the K2 asbestos screening test was used to eliminate samples that did not contain asbestos. Samples with positive results on the K2 test were analyzed by an outside laboratory by polarized light microscopy. The risk of potential exposure presented by these materials was then assessed for each site from which a sample was taken. Of 113 samples collected, results were negative for asbestos for only 10.6 percent by the K2 test. Of the 101 samples for which results were positive, 56 actually contained 1 or more forms of asbestos. Twelve of these 56 samples were from sprayed material; the remaining 44 were from other materials containing asbestos. Of the 41 schools sampled, 31 had asbestos materials in one of more locations. The potential exposure values for these materials ranged from very low to very high, but the majority had high-exposure potentials. Estimates based on the survey of the 41 schools indicated that 63 to 89 percent of the public schools in Colorado have asbestos materials that present potentially serious hazards, not only to the children, teachers, and staff, but also to members of the community who use the school buildings after regular school hours. PMID- 7111660 TI - Animal companions and one-year survival of patients after discharge. PMID- 7111659 TI - A curricular model for a rural family practice clerkship. PMID- 7111661 TI - Physiological significance of the contractions of the rabbit proximal colon. AB - In humans and in carnivores the motor activity of the colon was separated into various types based on records of the intraluminal pressure. However, little is actually known about the physiological significance of the various pressure waves. The aim of the present investigation was to clarify the basic pattern of colonic motility in a herbivorous species. Motility of the proximal colon was studied by strain gauge transducer records combined either with fluoroscopy or by direct visual observation in conscious and anaesthetized rabbits. In the proximal colon three types of contraction were found: (1) high frequency repetitive contractions, (2) low frequency rises of the base line, and (3) monophasic progressive waves. The frequency of the repetitive contractions was 13.8 contractions/min at the oral site and 16.3 contractions/min at the aboral site of the proximal colon. The mean duration of the repetitive contractions was 3.2 +/- 1 s. They coincided with orally migrating (1-2 mm/s) shallow annular constrictions which represented haustral activity. The low frequency rises of the base line (mean duration 13 +/- 47 s) were associated with aborally migrating (7 mm/min) deep annular constrictions representing segmental activity. The monophasic progressive waves represented peristaltic contractions. The mean durations of the monophasic waves 5.5 +/- 1.2 s (period of hard faeces formation), and 9.7 +/- 2.8 s (period of soft faeces formation), the average rates of progression were 3.2 +/- 1.2 cm/s (period of hard faeces production), and 1.3 +/- 0.6 cm/s (period of soft faeces production). The results proved that the colonic motility of rabbits consisted of a complex motor pattern. The present classification was similar but not identical with that described in carnivores and man. Further comparative studies on other mammals are necessary to decide whether the motor activity of the colon is comparable between various species. PMID- 7111662 TI - Effect of viscosity of test meals on gastric emptying in dogs. AB - In five dogs gastric emptying of low, medium and high viscosity meals was measured via a duodenal cannula. The rate of emptying depended on the viscosity of the test meals: the time for half emptying was 4.5 +/- 2.2 min with the low viscosity liquid meal (1 centipoise), 28.9 +/- 9.5 min with the test meal of medium viscosity (10(5) centipoise), and 43 +/- 11.8 min with the test meal of high viscosity (10(6) centipoise). The emptying curves of the medium and high viscosity meals were sigmoid, whereas the curve representing the emptying of the low viscosity liquid meal followed an exponential pattern. Results indicate that the viscosity of the meal is an important factor for the rate of gastric emptying. PMID- 7111658 TI - A financial planning model for estimating hospital debt capacity. AB - A computer-based financial planning model was formulated to measure the impact of a major capital improvement project on the fiscal health of Stanford University Hospital. The model had to be responsive to many variables and easy to use, so as to allow for the testing of numerous alternatives. Special efforts were made to identify the key variables that needed to be presented in the model and to include all known links between capital investment, debt, and hospital operating expenses. Growth in the number of patient days of care was singled out as a major source of uncertainty that would have profound effects on the hospital's finances. Therefore this variable was subjected to special scrutiny in terms of efforts to gauge expected demographic trends and market forces. In addition, alternative base runs of the model were made under three distinct patient-demand assumptions. Use of the model enabled planners at the Stanford University Hospital (a) to determine that a proposed modernization plan was financially feasible under a reasonable (that is, not unduly optimistic) set of assumptions and (b) to examine the major sources of risk. Other than patient demand, these sources were found to be gross revenues per patient, operating costs, and future limitations on government reimbursement programs. When the likely financial consequences of these risks were estimated, both separately and in combination, it was determined that even if two or more assumptions took a somewhat more negative turn than was expected, the hospital would be able to offset adverse consequences by a relatively minor reduction in operating costs. PMID- 7111663 TI - Regulation of urine osmolality in fetal sheep. AB - Urine osmolality was measured daily from day of cannulation (80-110 d) until term in six chronically cannulated ovine fetuses. Fetal urine was hypertonic to plasma following surgery, and 24-36 h before parturition. On fifty-five occasions plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH) concentration was measured concurrently with urine osmolality. When fetal urine osmolality was 154 +/- 45 mosmol/kg water, plasma ADH was 5.6 +/- 2.1 pg/ml (mean +/- S.D.; n = 33) in fetuses less than 120 d gestation. In ten samples from fetuses from 121 d to term urine osmolality was 118 +/- 35 mosmol/kg water when the concurrent plasma ADH concentration was 5.5 +/- 2.1 pg/ml. Urine osmolality greater than 300 mosmol/Kg water was associated with endogenous plasma ADH concentrations of 6.2-9.2 pg/ml in fetuses 86 d until term. However, when exogenous synthetic arginine vasopressin (AVP) was infused into non-stressed fetuses with initial urine osmolalities less than 200 mosmol/Kg water, the minimum plasma ADH concentration that had to be established in order to induce the production of a hypertonic urine was 22.1 pg/ml at gestational ages 95-105 d, 11-1 pg/ml at 110-120 d and 7 pg/ml at 121-130 d. The fetal kidney thus becomes more responsive to infused AVP over the last half of gestation. Under conditions of in utero stress, however, hypertonic urine can be produced at lower endogenous plasma ADH concentrations than required to be established by infusion in non-stressed fetuses, suggesting that urinary concentrating mechanisms independent of ADH are established in these fetuses. PMID- 7111665 TI - Amino nitrogen metabolism following administration of individual amino acids or meat in conscious dogs. AB - Normal conscious dogs were given a meal of meat or doses of individual amino acids by stomach tube. The concentration of amino nitrogen in systemic arterial plasma and the rate of urea production both increased; the magnitude and time course of these increases varied with the individual amino acid administered. There was a relationship between the plasma amino nitrogen concentration and urea production following L-serine, L-alanine, L-proline. dicarboxylic acids and L cystine similar to that obtained after meat ingestion. It is suggested that these amino acids were transaminated as rapidly as they were absorbed to produce an increase in a general pool of amino acids. Following L-threonine, L-valine, D serine and immediately after glycine, a small increase in urea production was accompanied by a larger increase in plasma amino nitrogen concentration. It is suggested that these amino acids 'escaped' transamination in the gut wall and liver and that the increase in plasma amino nitrogen was due to a high concentration of the individual amino acid administered. PMID- 7111664 TI - Anorexia and antagonism of thiamin utilization in poultry treated with furazolidone. AB - Furazolidone (0.4% w/w in the feed, 10 days) reduced the feed intake and growth in 9 week old chickens, and increased the amount of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the brain. The drug also increased the stimulation of transketolase activity by thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) in lysed blood cells (TPP effect), and the concentrations of pyruvate and lactate in the blood. Experiments with pair-fed birds showed that the reduction in feed intake in furazolidone-treated chickens could account for the reduced growth. The drug also produced anorexia in ducklings and turkey poults. In chickens, the anorectic action of furazolidone was unaffected by methergoline (1 mg/kg, twice daily, I.M), and in ducklings furazolidone did not consistently produce anorexia, although it always inhibited monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in the brain. These observations suggest that the anorectic action of the drug was not tryptaminergic in nature. The increase in the TPP effect found in preparations from furazolidone-treated chickens was absent in preparations from pair-fed birds on unmedicated feed. Thus the TPP effect could be used as an indicator of the effect of the drug on the thiamine status of chickens. However, the increase in the concentrations of pyruvate and lactate in blood was found both in furazolidone-treated birds and pair-fed birds on unmedicated feed, showing that they were attributable to the reduction in feed intake. The TPP effect in furazolidone-treated chickens, 14-49 +/- 2.33% (n = 10), was sufficient to suggest a mild deficiency of thiamin pyrophosphate. Thiamin, given at a dosage above the requirement of the vitamin for chickens, did not reduce the anorexia or the TPP effect of furazolidone-treated birds, although it stimulated the feed intake and growth of birds on unmedicated feed. It is proposed that furazolidone antagonized the utilization of thiamin, perhaps by inhibiting its phosphorylation. Following the withdrawal of furazolidone, the TPP effect returned to the control value and the rate of growth of the birds increased and matched that the controls. Thus the effect of the drug was reversible. Addition of furazolidone to the feed at a concentration of 0.01% w/w for 28 days did not produce anorexia in chickens or affect the amount of 5-HT in the brain. Thus at this level, it is unlikely that the drug would produce adverse effects in poultry. PMID- 7111668 TI - Numbers and sizes of nerve fibres in mouse spinal roots. AB - The numbers of myelinated and non-myelinated nerve fibres in the spinal roots of one strain of mouse have been counted from electron micrographs and the accuracy of counting procedures assessed. Non-myelinated nerve fibres are present in the ventral roots at all levels though the largest number are found inthe thoracic and L1, L5, L6 and S1 ventral roots. The number is very small in L2, L3, and L4 ventral roots which are those supplying the hind limb. Fibre diameter histograms were obtained from measurements of cross sectional area for myelinated and non myelinated fibres in L1 and L4 ventral roots. The relationship of myelin thickness to axon diameter shows that to a near approximation the myelin thickness is 1/5 to 1/4 the axon diameter. A measure of circularity was calculated, the ratio of the measured cross-sectional area to the area calculated from the measured perimeter assuming the fibre to be circular, and plotted against the axon perimeter fo L1 and L4 ventral root myelinated fibres, This showed a tendency for larger fibres to be less circular than smaller fibres. PMID- 7111667 TI - Contractile properties and fibre composition of rat skeletal muscle: effect of mild hyperthyroidism. AB - The effect of a chronic mild elevation of plasma triiodothyronine levels upon the contractile properties and fibre distribution of skeletal muscle was studied. The isometric twitch characteristics and passive tension-length relationship were studied in the soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles of anaesthetized rats injected for increasing periods with triiodothyronine. This treatment results in a progressive speeding in the rates of isometric contraction and relaxation of the soleus and in a concomitant decrease in the elasticity of the muscle. There was also a conversion of slow to fast fibre types in the soleus, demonstrated histochemically. It is concluded, in view of differences in the magnitudes and time courses of the various changes, that triiodothyronine increases the rates of contraction and relaxation of existing slow fibres and contraction in the soleus muscle as a whole before any change occurs which is attributable to slow-fast fibre interconversion. The possible mechanisms of the early thyroid hormone effects on muscle are discussed. PMID- 7111666 TI - Glomerular filtration rate following administration of individual amino acids in conscious dogs. AB - Normal conscious dogs were given 100 mmol glycine, L-serine, L-alanine, L threonine, L-proline, L-glutamic acid (50 mmol), L-aspartic acid and L-valine by stomach tube. All these amino acids increased glomerular filtration rate (G.F.R.). There was no increase in G.F.R. following L-cystine or D-serine. The intravenous infusion of L-proline, but not glycine, caused increase in G.F.R. The results suggest that the increase in G.F.R. was not due to a high plasma concentration of the individual amino acids but was related to the metabolism of amino acids with production of urea. It is postulated that after meat and during the metabolism of amino acids a factor is released which reaches and acts on the kidney to cause the increase in G.F.R. PMID- 7111669 TI - Infection and immunosuppression. A study of the infective complications of 75 patients with immunologically-mediated disease. AB - We have studied the infective complications in a group of 75 patients with immunologically-mediated disease who required high dose immunosuppression. There were 22 patients with anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody disease, 19 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, 18 with wegener's granulomatosis and 16 patients with other forms of systemic vasculitis. The infection rate was 3.69 infections/patient, or 0.74 infections/patient/week of immunosuppression. Bacteria were the commonest infecting organisms (76.1 per cent); serious opportunist viral and fungal infections were less frequent (10.7 per cent) but opportunist pneumonias were an important cause of death. Sixteen patients died (21 per cent) and in 10 of these (62.5 per cent) death was considered to be primarily due to infection. Analysis of six aspects of host susceptibility to infection (age, renal function, dose of prednisolone, cyclophosphamide and azathioprine, and number of plasma exchanges) revealed no single factor as predisposing to infection in the whole group, but in 23 patients who suffered severe infective complications, renal impairment and increasing doses of prednisolone were associated significantly, particularly in combination (p = 0.06). Cyclophosphamide was associated with infection only in the presence of neutropenia, which was rare (13 infections in nine patients). The duration of plasma exchange was not related to the frequency of infection. Fifty patients needed an arteriovenous shunt to provide vascular access for haemodialysis or plasma exchange, and septicaemia occurred in 13; only two episodes of septicaemia were seen in patients without a shunt. PMID- 7111670 TI - Intracranial tuberculomas: correlation of computerized tomography with clinico pathological findings. AB - Ten patients with intracranial tuberculomas, seen between 1976 and 1980, are described. Four Indian immigrants presented with features of space-occupation and responded well to supervised adequate combined anti-tuberculous chemotherapy. Six patients, four of whom were English, developed tuberculomas in the course of tuberculous meningitis; three of these six patients died, highlighting the dangers of this complication if infection is not promptly and adequately dealt with at presentation. The value of computerized tomography in the diagnosis and management of such patients is emphasized, and the persistence of intracranial tuberculous infection in Britain is stressed. PMID- 7111671 TI - Treatment of diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis by intravenous high-dose methylprednisolone. PMID- 7111672 TI - Familial amyloidosis of Ostertag. AB - A 23 year old Englishman presented with keratoconjunctivitis sicca and was found to have systemic amyloidosis. Five members of his family in two generations also had non-neuropathic amyloid particularly affecting the kidneys. This conforms to the Ostertag type of hereditary amyloidosis. Amyloid deposits in the proband showed permanganate-sensitive Congophilia and positive immunofluorescence staining for P component, but were negative for amyloid A and prealbumin. These observations suggested that the fibril protein in this patient was immunochemically distinct from the amyloid fibrils characterized hitherto. PMID- 7111673 TI - Psychiatric morbidity after myocardial infarction. AB - Using a standardized interview, psychiatric morbidity was diagnosed in 35 our of 100 consecutive male patients one week after admission to hospital following a first acute myocardial infarction. Sixteen of these patients had been psychiatrically ill before the infarction and their psychiatric symptoms and social difficulties persisted throughout the 12 month period of observation. In contrast, patients whose psychiatric morbidity had been precipitated by the infarction tended to have transient symptoms and fewer problems of social adjustment. Measures of psychiatric morbidity one week after the attack did not predict subsequent mortality or difficulty in returning to work. Only a history of heavy smoking was significantly associated with mortality during the ensuing 12 months. Patients who regarded their illness as a loss or a threat had greater psychiatric morbidity than those who regarded it as an insignificant event. PMID- 7111674 TI - Clinical, post-mortem, biochemical and therapeutic observations on the Lesch Nyhan syndrome with particular reference to the Neurological manifestations. PMID- 7111676 TI - The detection of renovascular hypertension: a study of 490 patients by renal angiography. AB - Four hundred and ninety patients with hypertension were studied to determine those clinical characteristics or simple investigations that predict the presence of operable renal artery stenosis on renal angiography. One hundred and fifty two of the 490 patients were below the age of 40, had a good response to treatment, a normal physical examination, normal renal function, and normal intravenous pyelogram. Only one of the 152 patients had an operable renal artery lesion. Of the remaining 338 patients, 168 had a normal angiograms, 50 had surgically correctable renal artery stenosis, 75 had renal artery narrowing of less than 70 per cent and 45 patients had significant parenchymal renal disease. Abnormal renal angiograms were found significantly (p less than 0.05) more often in patients with poor control of blood pressure, impaired renal function or a history of antipyretic analgesic abuse. Our experience in hypertensive patients suggests that renal arteriography is unlikely to provide useful information in patients under 40 years old, but may well demonstrate a remediable abnormality in older patients with poor control of hypertension associated with a history of antipyretic analgesic abuse and/or impaired renal function. PMID- 7111677 TI - Coronary embolism in valvular heart disease. AB - Coronary embolism is considered to be rare but recent evidence suggests that it may be underdiagnosed, and implicated in acute myocardial infarction associated with angiographically normal coronary arteries. Twenty-six patients were studied. In six, coronary embolism was a primary cause of death confirmed at autopsy. In 20 patients, 23 episodes of coronary embolism were diagnosed clinically. The left coronary system was occluded in 65 per cent, transient electrocardiographic changes occurred in 30 per cent, and either no history or an atypical history of acute myocardial infarction occurred in 29 per cent. Other systemic emboli occurred in 25 per cent. Aortic valve lesions were present in 70 per cent and combined mitral and aortic valve disease in 55 per cent of the patients. The incidence of coronary risk factors was low. Sequelae included increased dyspnoea (35 per cent), ventricular aneurysm (25 per cent) and cardiac failure (12 per cent). Angina rarely followed acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7111675 TI - The influence of cigarette smoking and its withdrawal on the annual change of lung function in pulmonary emphysema. AB - Fifty-six male patients with pulmonary emphysema were followed for a minimum period of three years (range 3-13), to observe the effects of smoking and smoking withdrawal. The subjects were divided into smokers (Group S) and ex-smokers (Group EX-S). Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and vital capacity (VC) declined at a significantly (p less than 0.001) faster rate in those who continued to smoke than in ex-smokers. No significant difference between the two groups was observed for kCO (permeability coefficient) and PaO2 (arterial oxygen tension). There was a significant (p less than 0.001) difference between the two groups in the annual change in body weight. We conclude that all patients with emphysema, even those with advanced disease, should be encouraged to stop smoking. PMID- 7111678 TI - Hepatic granulomas: experience over a 10-year period in the West of Scotland. AB - A survey of all patients in whom liver biopsy showed epithelioid granulomas was undertaken at two major teaching hospitals in Glasgow for the period 1970-1979. Seventy-seven patients with hepatic granulomas were studied retrospectively. In 53 cases (69 per cent) a clear-cut clinical diagnosis was established, which included sarcoidosis (eight cases), tuberculosis (eight), extrahepatic biliary obstruction (seven), primary liver diseases (11), neoplasm (six), bacterial infection (five) and miscellaneous (eight). In 24 patients (31 percent) no cause was found. Seventeen patients from this idiopathic group were studied prospectively and single examples of the following conditions were subsequently diagnosed; pulmonary tuberculosis, primary biliary cirrhosis, ulcerative colitis, adenocarcinoma of rectum, primary hepatocellular carcinoma, alpha-one antitrypsin deficiency and pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis, pulmonary fibrosis alone, gallstones, rheumatic heart disease, unexplained hepatosplenomegaly and one death from mesenteric artery thrombosis. Only six cases remained truly idiopathic. Three of these patients recovered and in two liver biopsy became normal. The other three have persistent granulomas associated with continuing illness. PMID- 7111680 TI - Comparative study of G2 delay and survival after 241 Americium-alpha and 60cobalt gamma irradiation. AB - Survival and G2 dalay following exposure to either 60Cobalt-gamma-rays or 241Americium-alpha-particles were studied in eight mammalian cell lines of human and animal origin including human fibroblasts from normal individuals and from patients with Ataxia telangiectasia or Fanconi's anemia. For both endpoints the effectiveness of alpha particles was greater as compared to gamma-rays. RBE values for G2 delay (4.6-9.2) were in general comparable to RBE values derived from initial slopes of survival curves (RBE alpha) but higher compared to the ratio of mean inactivation doses (RB-DML). Ataxia cells were particularly sensitive to cell killing by gamma-irradiation (D37 = 0.57 Gy), however, showed average sensitivity to alpha-particles of high LET (D37 = 0.30 Gy). With the exception of Ataxia cells, cell killing and G2 delay seem to be related processes if individual cell cycle parameters are taken into account. PMID- 7111679 TI - The acromegaly syndrome. Relation between clinical features, growth hormone values and radiological characteristics of the pituitary tumours. AB - One hundred and fifty-five acromegalics, 76 males (mean age 44 +/- 1.3 years) and 79 females (45 +/- 1.4 years) were studied. The frequency of clinical features were: acral enlargement 100 per cent, hyperhidrosis 65 per cent, headache 55 per cent, paraesthesiae 49 per cent, cardiac problems 34 per cent, hypertension 32 per cent, diabetes mellitus (clinical and chemical) 27 per cent, and visual field defects 6 per cent. Signs and symptoms, and particularly headache, did not show any relation with the size or shape of pituitary tumours, nor with growth hormone (GH) values, age, sex or weight. Mean of GH values at 60, 90 and 120 minutes during a GTT averaged 135 mIU/l, range 8-1833. Diabetes mellitus was more frequent and severe in patients with higher GH values, occurring in 32 per cent of patients with mean GH values greater than or equal to 50 mIU/l and only in 16 per cent of the rest (p less than 0.05). GH values correlated positively with size of tumours. Forty-nine per cent of patients presented with entirely intrasellar tumours, 27 per cent with suprasellar extensions and 23 per cent with partially empty sellae. The mean GH (238 mIU/l) of patients with suprasellar extensions was significantly higher (p less than 0.004) than those of the others. Younger acromegalics showed a tendency to larger tumours. Early treatment of acromegaly, particularly in young patients and those presenting with high GH values, is recommended. PMID- 7111681 TI - Combined treatment of preimplantation mouse embryos in vitro with sodium nitrite and x-rays. AB - Man takes up nitrite in a considerable amount. Effects of nitrite on DNA have been reported; therefore, interaction between nitrite and radiation might be possible. Preimplantation mouse embryos in vitro were treated with a combination of sodium nitrite (1 mM or 2.5 mM) and X-rays (0.94 Gy) in order to obtain some information whether radiation risk is influenced by the presence of nitrite. The microscopic visible development up to 144 h post conceptionem (h p.c.), the number of cell nuclei, and the number of micronuclei were determined. None of the experimental results gives any indication that radiation risk is influenced by nitrite. All effects after combined treatment correspond to the sum of the single effects. PMID- 7111682 TI - Fractionated low-level gamma irradiation of Chinese Hamster cells: cellular and biochemical effects. AB - Chinese hamster V79 cells in log-phase were exposed daily to 0.6 Gy of gamma radiation for 3-6 months. After such an exposure the population doubling time increased from 10 to 15 h. When irradiation was discontinued doubling time gradually decreased. Cell survival following acute radiation dose of the low level irradiated cells remained the same as that of untreated cells. The fractionated irradiation did not affect the capacity of the cells to perform DNA repair synthesis. Likewise, the sensitivity to inhibition by acute radiation exposure of the ability to induce ornithine decarboxylase activity was similar in cells exposed to fractionated irradiation and in untreated cells. It is concluded that there is no apparent effect of sublethal radiation dose received in one generation on the radiation sensitivity of the succeeding generations during the log-phase of growth. PMID- 7111683 TI - Possible future trends of radiation exposure by carbon 14. AB - The possible future trends of the radiation exposure by carbon 14 have been assessed. The individual lifetime doses and the European and global dose commitments were calculated by a specific activity model. A non-linear compartment model was developed so simulate the global cycling of carbon dioxide from the combustion of fossil fuels and of radiocarbon released from nuclear energy facilities until the year 2200. The energy scenarios considered are: (I) logistic growth functions for energy supply with fossil fuels; (II) a high, low and moderate estimate for the extension of nuclear energy (light water reactors). In addition, the influence of the retention of C-14 in the fuel reprocessing plant effluents was tested. For most of the scenarios considered the increase of the specific activity by C-14 releases is more than compensated by the CO2 releases from fossil fuels. Up to 2200 individual lifetime dose commitments for 70 years were found between 0.85 and 0.45 mSv (pre-industrial value: 0.73 mSv). The anthropogenic contributions to the global collective dose commitments until the year 2100 were estimated (for the moderate scenario without retention) at 1.27 X 10(6) man-Sv (11%) from nuclear weapon tests, 3.5 X 10(5) man-Sv (3%) from nuclear power plants, and 6.5 X 10(5) man-Sv (5.6%) from fuel reprocessing facilities. PMID- 7111684 TI - A schedule to demonstrate radiation-induced sister chromatid exchanges in human lymphocytes. AB - The reciprocal interchange between the chromatids of a chromosome, termed sister chromatid exchange (SCE), is considered to be one of the most sensitive and accurate cytogenetic parameters and respond to toxic chemicals at very low doses. But the response of SCE to ionizing radiation is very poor. Human lymphocytes fail to give SCE response when irradiated at G0. Probably the primary lesions induced at G0 do not remain available long enough to find expression as SCEs. Based on this assumption a schedule was developed using caffeine to demonstrate radiation induced SCEs. Following this schedule a dose-dependent increase in the frequency of radiation induced SCEs has been observed. PMID- 7111685 TI - Antenatal diagnosis of duodenal atresia by ultrasound: a case report. PMID- 7111686 TI - Renal tomography in neonates. PMID- 7111688 TI - The impact of axial tomography on diagnosis and planning in radiotherapy. PMID- 7111687 TI - A caring profession? PMID- 7111689 TI - Experience of a "Block" system for DCR training. PMID- 7111690 TI - Embolisation of anomalous artery in scimitar vein syndrome. PMID- 7111691 TI - Computerized tomography of the thorax. PMID- 7111692 TI - The provision of in-service training. PMID- 7111693 TI - The 44th Stanley Melville Memorial Lecture 1981. How a spinal cord injury affects one's life-style. PMID- 7111694 TI - The postero-anterior lower occlusal view--a routine projection for the submandibular gland. PMID- 7111695 TI - Microcomputers in radiotherapy. PMID- 7111696 TI - Student attitudes towards radiographic training and related aspects. PMID- 7111697 TI - The weed. PMID- 7111698 TI - High definition radiographic analysis of voice and its disorders. PMID- 7111699 TI - Symposium on metastatic disease. PMID- 7111701 TI - Pulmonary metastases. PMID- 7111700 TI - Metastases to the central nervous system. PMID- 7111702 TI - Mediastinal metastases. PMID- 7111703 TI - Metastases to the hollow viscera. PMID- 7111705 TI - Diagnostic approaches to adrenal and renal metastases. PMID- 7111706 TI - Imaging bone metastases. PMID- 7111709 TI - Evaluation of the unknown primary neoplasm. PMID- 7111708 TI - Interventional angiography in the treatment of metastases. PMID- 7111707 TI - Metastasis to the breast. AB - Cross-lymphatic metastasis from one breast to the other is the most frequent type of metastatic involvement of the breast. Melanoma, lung, ovary, and sarcoma are the most common types of blood-borne metastases to the breast from extramammary sites. The most common radiographic findings in patients with blood-borne metastases to the breast are single or multiple discrete nodules. Lymphoma or leukemia may involve the breast primarily but more often as part of a widespread process. Their presentation varies from discrete to ill-defined masses and may be obscured by underlying benign proliferative changes. PMID- 7111710 TI - [Problems in radiology of concealed lung disorders (author's transl)]. AB - The problems of diagnostic radiology in dealing with discreet and difficult to find pathological lung conditions are demonstrated by typical examples. Special emphasis is given to localized changes found in paramediastinal and paracardial regions of the lung and the diaphragm. Special attention was given to patients with elusive or hidden lung disorders and the value of information by X-rays of more than one dimension, by spot films taken during fluoroscopy, by bronchography, by tomography, and by computed tomography is discussed. Early diagnosis of lung and bronchial carcinoma as well as infections of the lung parenchyma can only be found, if the radiological methods are optimally used. PMID- 7111704 TI - Metastatic disease of the mesentery and omentum. PMID- 7111712 TI - [Masqued lesions of the lung in children (author's transl)]. AB - Masqued findings of the lung in children can cause grave diagnostic errors. A gamut list of typical pseudodiagnoses is given. Relevant cases are demonstrated as questions and answers. Practical hints how to reach a correct diagnosis are outlined. It is pointed out that initial standard films frequently have to be complemented by special views to avoid false judgements, which could be harmful to the patient. PMID- 7111711 TI - [Chest x-ray, simple routine or diagnostic challenge? Special combination of conventional procedures prevents incorrect interpretations (author's transl)]. AB - Demonstration of roentgenologic findings in thoracic plain film. Outlining of non invasive diagnostic procedures as are lateral view, fluoroscopy, spot-film and barium meal. The combination of those techniques allows decisive diagnosis of thoracic lesions. PMID- 7111713 TI - Electron microscopy of cells obtained by fine needle aspiration biopsy of lung lesions. PMID- 7111715 TI - [Foreign body in the bladder?]. PMID- 7111714 TI - [Anaphylactoid reaction--a rare complication after fine needle biopsy of the lung (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111716 TI - Determining the size of pneumothorax in the upright patient. AB - A simple measurement, the average interpleural distance (AID), which is obtained from three linear measurements, closely predicts true pneumothorax size as determined by radiographic thoracic gas volume measurement (mean variation -2.4 +/- 7.23 SD). The distribution of pneumothorax volume between the affected lung and the ipsilateral thoracic cage is variable and unpredictable. It was found that the average volume of pneumothorax that is accommodated by thoracic cage expansion (8%) is much less than previously reported. This appears to be the result of variable degrees of splinting and chest wall pain associated with pneumothorax. PMID- 7111717 TI - Lesions missed on small-bowel follow-through: analysis and recommendations. AB - Forty-two surgically confirmed small-bowel lesions that were not detected by small-bowel follow-through but were demonstrated by enteroclysis were analyzed to determine why small-bowel follow-through had failed to detect them. Thirty lesions (71%) were not seen in retrospect; this was attributed to technical inadequacies. Twelve lesions (29%) were seen in retrospect. Of these, two (17%) of the lesions had been missed originally because of perceptive errors, seven (58%) because of combined perceptive and technical errors, and three (25%) because of interpretive errors. The preponderance of technical errors emphasizes the need for improvements in the small-bowel follow-through technique. More frequent fluoroscopy and more thorough compression of all filled segments, as is performed in enteroclysis, and a decreased reliance on overhead radiographs should decrease the error rate in the routine small-bowel follow-through examination. PMID- 7111719 TI - Prognostic features of atlantoaxial subluxation in rheumatoid arthritis patients. AB - The clinical and radiographic findings of 194 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and atlantoaxial (C1-C2) subluxation and/or atlantoaxial impaction (AAI) were reviewed. The condition of most patients with C1-C2 alignment abnormalities remained unchanged or became worse with time (i.e., the misalignment became fixed, subluxation increased, or AAI developed). The chance of developing upper cervical cord compression was not related to worsening per se, but to the degree of deformity. Upper spinal cord compression developed more often in men; when C1 C2 subluxation was greater than 9 mm; and in the presence of atlantoaxial impaction. The presence of lateral C1-C2 subluxation probably also contributes to the development of upper spinal cord compression. Settling of the skull and C1 onto C2 (AAI) were considered to be present when the anterior arch of C1 was abnormally low in relation to C2. PMID- 7111718 TI - The sensitivity of radiography of the postoperative stomach. AB - The results of radiology and endoscopy were compared in 140 patients who had undergone gastric surgery for ulcer disease. Of 74 patients who were examined with single-contrast radiography, 37 had abnormalities that were demonstrated endoscopically. The radiographic sensitivities in these patients were: gastritis 2/22 (9%); ulcer 3/5 (60%); obstruction 8/8 (100%); and miscellaneous abnormalities 2/2 (100%). The predictive accuracy of a diagnosis of ulcer was 38%. Of the 66 patients who were examined with double-contrast radiography, 33 abnormalities were found with endoscopy. The radiographic sensitivities were: gastritis 3/13 (23%); ulcer 7/10 (70%); obstruction 4/4 (100%); and miscellaneous abnormalities 6/6 (100%). The predictive accuracy of a diagnosis of ulcer was 44%. Radiology appears to be unreliable in diagnosing gastritis and recurrent ulceration in the postoperative stomach. The double-contrast technique does not offer significant improvement over the single-contrast method in evaluating these postoperative problems. PMID- 7111720 TI - Percutaneous extraction of renal and ureteral calculi. PMID- 7111721 TI - Renal lymphoma: radiologic-pathologic correlation of 21 cases. AB - The radiologic findings in 21 cases of renal lymphoma were correlated with the gross and microscopic pathologic findings. The gross morphology and consequent radiographic images depend upon the mechanism of renal involvement (hematogenous or direct extension); the pattern of intrarenal growth (interstitial or expansile); the size, number, and distribution of lesions; and the presence of extension beyond the kidney. Initially, the lymphoma grows between nephrons that may continue to function and, because this interstitial proliferation preserves gross morphology, radiographic detection may be difficult. With continued growth, the scaffolding along which the tumor infiltrates is destroyed, growth becomes expansile, and the lymphomatous mass resembles other renal neoplasms that enlarge by appositional growth. Continued growth and coalescence of small foci result in progressive parenchymal replacement and, rarely, in destruction of the entire kidney. Perinephric extension with subsequent vascular and ureteral encasement is common. PMID- 7111722 TI - Transient renal artery stenosis produced by a pheochromocytoma. AB - A hypertensive young woman was referred for renal artery angioplasty with the radiographic finding of a right renal artery stenosis and elevated right renal vein plasma renin activity. A repeat preangioplasty arteriogram, obtained six weeks after the institution of antihypertensive therapy that included a vasodilator, demonstrated a diminished right renal artery stenosis and showed a right adrenal pheochromocytoma that was removed surgically. After surgery both the right renal artery caliber and the blood pressure returned to normal. Knowledge of this unusual association between pheochromocytoma and renovascular hypertension could prevent ineffective and unnecessary renal artery angioplasty and/or surgery. PMID- 7111723 TI - Investigation of impotence by internal pudendal angiography: experience with 73 cases. AB - Angiography of the ileopudendal vascular tree was performed for the evaluation of impotence in 73 patients. This technique proved useful in identifying those cases caused by vascular lesions in major arteries and small penile vessels. Organic diseases cause a much higher proportion of impotence than in generally suspected, with vascular occlusions causing the greatest number of cases. Nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) studies are the best screening procedure in the author's view. In this series, NPT was followed by angiography, which provided the definitive diagnosis. PMID- 7111724 TI - Cavernosography. AB - Corpus cavernosography of the penis is a valuable diagnostic technique in Peyronie disease, priapism, trauma, and especially in the evaluation of male impotence. Because it allows visualization of structural abnormalities within the cavernous tissues, it is particularly useful in the differential diagnosis of organic erectile failure. Normal anatomy of the penis and procedures for cavernosography are discussed, and seven cases are presented to illustrate some of the conditions in which cavernosography can provide anatomical and physiological information. Cavernosography was useful in establishing the diagnosis of organic erectile failure caused by structural abnormalities of the corpus cavernosa, and thus aided in the selection of appropriate therapeutic options. PMID- 7111725 TI - Iliac artery compression secondary to urinary bladder distention. PMID- 7111726 TI - The role of corpus cavernosography in acute "fracture" of the penis. PMID- 7111729 TI - Computed tomographic staging of traumatic epidural bleeding. PMID- 7111727 TI - The effect of a television digital noise reduction device on fluoroscopic image quality and dose rate. AB - In conventional fluoroscopy, the current, and therefore the dose rate, is usually determined by the level at which the radiologist visualizes a just tolerable amount of photon "mottle" on the video monitor. In this study, digital processing of the analogue video image reduced noise and generated a television image at half the usual exposure rate. The technique uses frame delay to compare an incoming frame with the preceding output frame. A first-order recursive filter implemented under a motion-detection scheme operates on the image of a point-by point basis. This effective motion detection algorithm permits noise suppression without creating noticeable lag in moving structures. Eight radiologists evaluated images of vesicoureteral reflux in the pig for noise, contrast, resolution, and general image quality on a five-point preferential scale. They rated the digitally processed fluoroscopy images equivalent in diagnostic value to unprocessed images. PMID- 7111728 TI - The CT appearance of conjoined nerve roots and differentiation from a herniated nucleus pulposus. PMID- 7111730 TI - The computed tomographic appearance of cerebral cysticercosis in adults and children. AB - The computed tomographic (CT) scans of 45 patients (30 adults, 15 children) with cerebral cysticercosis were reviewed. These patients had undergone complete diagnostic evaluations including skin tests, laboratory tests, plain skull radiography, radionuclide brain scanning, CT, and cerebral angiography. All of these tests were unrewarding except CT and the indirect hemagglutination test on the serum. A classification of cerebral cysticercosis based on the location of the lesions in the brain and the CT appearance was developed. Cerebral cysticercosis can be diagnosed by CT findings when there is also a history of seizures and of the patient having lived in an area where the disease is endemic. PMID- 7111733 TI - Image techniques for multiplanar computed tomography. AB - Hardware and software options of the GE 8800 CT scanner were analyzed with respect to their effect on image quality for multiplanar images. Phantom studies were undertaken to demonstrate the effect of collimation, thick pixel reconstruction, and interpolation of both high- and low-contrast multiplanar images. Noise and spatial resolution were measured. Thick pixel reconstruction was found to be most useful in aiding in the delineation of low-contrast lesion boundaries. In addition, this option permits use of lower techniques, thus speeding data acquisition and reducing patient dose. Clinical examples are included. PMID- 7111732 TI - Lymphoid hyperplasia at the base of the tongue. Spectrum of a benign entity. PMID- 7111731 TI - Transient spasm of carotid siphon complicating ruptured cranial dermoid cyst. PMID- 7111734 TI - Pseudocystic CT pattern of renal sinus lipomatosis. PMID- 7111735 TI - CT evaluation of cystic lymphangiomas of the mediastinum. PMID- 7111736 TI - Visualization of cerebral and vascular abnormalities by NMR imaging. The effects of imaging parameters on contrast. PMID- 7111737 TI - High-resolution dynamic ultrasound imaging of the carotid bifurcation: a prospective evaluation. AB - One hundren patients underwent high-resolution dynamic ultrasound imaging of the carotid bifurcation immediately before cerebral angiography. The examinations were interpreted independently. A positive ultrasound interpretation indicated the presence of moderate to extensive atheromatous plaque, while a negative interpretation indicated normal vessels or minimal atheromatous disease. Ten percent of the ultrasound examinations were technically unsatisfactory. Of the remaining studies, there was satisfactory correlation between ultrasound and angiography in approximately 85% and disagreement in 15%. The majority of ultrasound errors were "false positive" (although these probably represent false negative angiograms). Although atheromatous disease was accurately detected by ultrasound, stenosis, ulceration, intraluminal thrombus, and vessel occlusion were not reliably identified. PMID- 7111738 TI - Ultrasonic visualization of the pancreatic duct. AB - The frequency and significance of pancreatic duct visualization by ultrasonography were correlated with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or pancreatic computed tomography. The normal pancreatic duct was found to have parallel walls and to be less than 2 mm in internal diameter in the region of the body of the pancreas. The abdominal pancreatic duct had an internal diameter of 2 mm or greater or had walls that were nonparallel or convex outward (focal dilatation or beading). Pancreatic ducts were identified in approximately one-half of all patients evaluated. Failure to visualize an abnormally dilated pancreatic duct was secondary to distortion of pancreatic anatomy from large or multiple pseudocysts, calcific deposits within the pancreas, or technically poor visualization of the pancreas. PMID- 7111740 TI - Sonography of the normal pediatric gallbladder and biliary tract. AB - Fifty-one pediatric patients (range, 1 mo. to 16 yr.), all of whom had normal clinical findings and laboratory data pertaining to the gallbladder and biliary tract, were examined by ultrasound. Scans showed a gradual increase in the size of the gallbladder with age; only one patient had a gallbladder diameter greater than 3.5 cm or a length greater than 7.5 cm. Wall thickness could be measured in 45 patients and was never more than 3 mm. The lumen of the common hepatic duct gradually increased with age but was never greater than 4 mm. The right portal vein also showed a gradual increase with age. PMID- 7111739 TI - Obstructive jaundice and abdominal aortic aneurysm: an ultrasonographic study. PMID- 7111741 TI - Fetal swallowing and regurgitation: observation of normal and abnormal activity. PMID- 7111742 TI - OBUS: a microcomputer system for measurement, calculation, reporting, and retrieval of obstetric ultrasound examinations. AB - A computer system called OBUS is described. This system is helpful in many ways in obstetric sonography: measurement of fetal parameters, calculation of gestational age and weight from measurements as well as from clinical dates, assessment of fetal growth, generation of examination reports, patient file management, and retrieval of reports. The time-consuming nature of these tasks, the reliance on quantitation, and the stylized, yet detailed nature of the reports make them particularly suited for automation. The system has been accepted by ultrasonographers performing approximately 40 obstetric examinations a day. Because of its ease of use, manpower savings, and low cost, OBUS has proved to be highly cost-effective. PMID- 7111743 TI - Ultrasound demonstration of a non-calcified gallstone in the distal ileum causing small-bowel obstruction. PMID- 7111744 TI - Spatial calibration of digital scintigraphic images: work in progress. AB - Accurate scintigraphic determination of organ dimensions is often difficult because of the wide variety of camera-collimator combinations and display formats used for imaging. An algorithm (SPACE-CAL) was developed for digital spatial calibration of up to six large- or small-field gamma cameras using various collimators and magnification factors. The algorithm employs a master calibration file that can be used at multiple terminals. An interactive subroutine permits the operator to measure distances and areas directly from the images. Evaluation of three operators' measurements of a pine-tree phantom acquired at various magnifications showed that distances could be measured with a high degree of accuracy. Calculation of ejection fraction from end-diastolic and end-systolic areas determined by SPACE-CAL showed a high correlation with automatic count determinations (r = 0.96) and angiographic calculations (r = 0.93) of ejection fraction in 12 patients. SPACE-CAL provides an easily implemented, reproducible, and rapid method for accurate analysis of organ dimensions in digital images. PMID- 7111745 TI - Reduction of radiation exposure in radiography of the chest. AB - Reduction of patient exposure in chest radiography by means of copper filtration was investigated for a range of filter thicknesses at kilovoltages commonly employed for the postero-anterior and lateral projections. The influence of copper filtration on tube output, beam quality, entrance and midplane exposures, tube load, and image contrast was determined from physical measurements and evaluation of phantom images. The results indicate that entrance exposure may be reduced by 30-40% and midplane exposure by approximately 24% through the use of a 0.32-mm copper filter, with an acceptable increase in tube load and only minor changes in the appearance of the images. PMID- 7111746 TI - Comparative evaluation of several rare-earth film-screen systems. AB - Comparisons of image quality were made for several rare-earth film-screen combinations under conditions similar to those used in chest radiography. The characteristic curve, modulation transfer function, and Wiener spectrum were measured. Observer response studies were carried out to compare the limits of perceived resolution. Signal-to-noise considerations based on the measured characteristics favor a fast film-show screen pair over a slow film-fast screen pair, consistent with the observer study results. The interrelationship of the physical parameters in determining image quality and the limitations of the method are discussed. PMID- 7111747 TI - Percutaneous lung biopsy using the Lee needle and a track-obliterating technique. PMID- 7111748 TI - B-scan ultrasound directed pericardiocentesis. A safer approach. PMID- 7111749 TI - Multiple bolus technique vs. single bolus or infusion of contrast medium to obtain prolonged contrast enhancement of the pancreas. PMID- 7111750 TI - Nephrostomy lavage set for dissolving renal stones. PMID- 7111751 TI - Antegrade urography: the use of oily contrast material. PMID- 7111752 TI - Use of an alphanumeric programmable calculator for obstetrical ultrasound. PMID- 7111753 TI - Informed consent in research and practice. PMID- 7111754 TI - Re: CT units. PMID- 7111755 TI - Abstracts for presentation at XII symposium neuroradiologicum, October 10-16, 1982, Washington, D.C. PMID- 7111756 TI - Natural history of chronic type B hepatitis. PMID- 7111757 TI - Sclerotherapy of esophageal varices. PMID- 7111760 TI - [Relaxation of protein structure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111759 TI - [The domain structure in the proteins (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111758 TI - The functional role of the corpus callosum in the developing visual system: a review. PMID- 7111761 TI - [Molecular sociology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111762 TI - [Conformation-function relationship in oligomeric proteins with a special consideration on aspartase (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111763 TI - [Contractile proteins are not contracting proteins (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111764 TI - Evidence for pulmonary release of 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-hete) during endotoxemia in unanesthetized sheep. AB - Leukocyte trapping in the pulmonary circulation may be an important component of the lung vascular injury response to endotoxin, but mediators of the pulmonary leukostasis and increased lung vascular permeability are unknown. The leukocyte 5 lipoxygenation pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism yields highly biologically active products including leukotrienes C4 and D4 (formerly slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis) and the potent chemotaxin, leukotriene B4. A major product of 5-lipoxygenation is 5-hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5 HETE), for which a sensitive, stable isotope dilution assay employing combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is available. This assay was used to test the hypothesis that 5-lipoxygenation products might participate in pulmonary vascular responses to endotoxin. We measured 5-HETE concentrations in lung lymph at three intervals during endotoxemia in unanesthetized sheep. Concentrations of 5-HETE in lung lymph exceeded those in aortic blood plasma. Lymph 5-HETE concentrations increased from 1.7 +/- 0.3 (mean +/- SEM, N = 7) ng/ml during baseline to peak values of 6.1 +/- 1.8 ng/ml (p less than 0.05) during the 2 1/2 hours after endotoxemia and preceeding the steady state increased lung vascular permeability response. During the increased permeability steady state from 240 to 270 minutes after endotoxin, lymph 5-HETE concentrations (1.4 +/- 0.3 ng/ml) and lymph 5-HETE flow (i.e., 5-HETE concentration x lung lymph flow rate) returned to baseline values. Although these observations are consistent with the hypothesis that 5-lipoxygenation products participate in the pulmonary vascular injury response to endotoxin, lymph 5-HETE concentrations did not correlate with any of the other experimental measurements. It may be only coincidence that the increase in lymph 5-HETE concentrations appeared contemporaneous with the onset of lung vascular injury. PMID- 7111766 TI - Studies on the preparation of conjugates of leukotriene C4 with proteins for development of an immunoassay for SRS-A (1). AB - Leukotriene C4 (LTC4) has been conjugated with Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) and Hemocyanin from Giant Keyhole Limpets (KLH) using 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as coupling agent. A second LTC4-KLH conjugate was prepared using a new bifunctional coupling agent, 6-N-maleimidohexanoic acid chloride. Conjugates of some representative LTC4 component parts; S-p-chlorophenacylglutathione with BSA and of 2,4(E),6,9(Z)-pentadecatetraen-1-ol with BSA were also prepared. PMID- 7111765 TI - The abortifacient effect of 16,16-dimethyl-trans-delta 2-PGE1 methyl ester, a new prostaglandin analogue, on mid-trimester pregnancies and long-term follow-up observations. AB - The present clinical trials revealed that 16,16-Dimethyl-trans-delta 2-PGE1 methyl ester in the form of vaginal suppositories is highly effective in inducing mid-trimester termination of pregnancies. It also showed that prior treatment with laminaria and metreurynter may enhance the success rate while reducing the incidence and severity of side effects. It is easy and safe to use clinically, with minimal side effects, and in our series, revealed no deleterious effects on ensuing reproductive physiology. However, the definite mechanism involved in the action of this new analogue to cause myometrial contractions is still not completely understood, and requires further intensive investigation. PMID- 7111767 TI - [Mythology of the imaginary or imaginary mythology? History and critique of psychoanalytic myth interpretation]. PMID- 7111768 TI - Content and release of neurotensin in PC12 pheochromocytoma cell cultures: modulation by dexamethasone and nerve growth factor. AB - The production of neurotensin-like immunoreactivity was investigated in cultured PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cells with and without the addition of nerve growth factor (NGF) and dexamethasone. Both monolayer cultures and spinner cultures contained measurable amounts of neurotensin. In the monolayer cultures supplemented with NGF and dexamethasone, cell and medium concentrations of neurotensin increased approx. 100-fold. In the spinner cultures the effect of the additives was less potent and the increase in neurotensin content, while still considerable, was approximately an order of magnitude less. Chromatographic analysis of medium and extracts of the cells from monolayer cultures indicated that the majority of the immunoreactivity coeluted in the same position as synthetic neurotensin, with recoveries of 68 and 85%, respectively. The effect of NGF and dexamethasone on neurotensin production differs significantly from their effect on catecholamine production in PC12 cells, and this suggests the possibility of independent regulation. PMID- 7111769 TI - [Evaluation of 201Tl-accumulation in lung--imaging of 201Tl in the extravascular space (author's transl)]. AB - In order to evaluate 201Tl-accumulation in lung, 201Tl imaging was performed using a scintillation camera coupling to a small digital computer, and blood clearance of it was examined. After the injection of 74 MBq(2mCi) of 201Tl chloride, the serial images and static images were obtained. In order to obtain the image of 201Tl in the extravascular space [TE(x, y)], a subtraction technique was performed as follows; after 2 anterior views of 201Tl were obtained using a 20% window centered at 80 keV [T0(x, y)] and 140 keV [T140(x, y)] respectively, and blood sample was taken, radionuclide angiocardiography with 185 MBq (5 mCi) of 99mTc-human serum albumin and it's static image were done in the same supine position and blood sample was taken too. The radioactivity of 201Tl(T) and 99mTc(HB) in the blood was counted by a autogamma scintillation counter. Then the image of TE(x, y) was obtained by the following formula; TE(x, y)=T0(x, y)-[H(x, y)-T140(x, y)]TB/HB. Following results were obtained; (1) The disappearance of 201Tl from the blood was rapid and 15 min after the injection only 10 approximately 15% of the activity after 1 min was present in the blood. (2) The lung activity in the time activity curve decreased rapidly to reach plateau within 100 approximately 150 sec after the injection. (3) The image of 201Tl in the extravascular space was nearly equal to the original one as regard to the radioactivity of 201Tl in lung. PMID- 7111770 TI - Simultaneous determinations of total cortisol and progesterone by radioimmunoassay during late pregnancy. AB - Total cortisol and progesterone in the maternal peripheral sera were determined by radioimmunoassay. Total cortisol was measured in 196 sera, and progesterone in 203 sera obtained randomly throughout pregnancy. And serial estimations of both steroid hormone levels were also made simultaneously in 6 normal pregnant women during late pregnancy, labour and puerperium. Total cortisol and progesterone increased with the advance of gestation. During the last few weeks preceding labour total cortisol increased further, whereas progesterone decreased. After the onset of labour a rising tendency in total cortisol levels and a falling tendency in those of progesterone were also observed, but at puerperium both hormones decreased rapidly to non-pregnant level in the 6 pregnant women. PMID- 7111771 TI - Determination of dihydroergot alkaloids in serum by radioimmunoassay. AB - A radioimmunoassay for dihydroergotoxine was developed using antiserum frm the rabbit injected with a dihydromethylergometrine-bovine serum albumin conjugate. The antiserum was found to be highly specific to dihydroergot alkaloids. The minimum detectable amount of dihydroergotoxine methanesulfonate with this assay system was about 100 pg/ml in serum. Practical applicability of the assay system was proved by measuring dog serum concentrations after oral administration of dihydroergotoxine methanesulfonate. PMID- 7111772 TI - [Dynamic transmission scintigraphy of lung and temporal Fourier transform (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111773 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of digoxin and methyldigoxin in serum by Amerlex Digoxin RIA kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111775 TI - [Current trends in the development and applications of sealed radiation sources and isotope gauges in Japan (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111774 TI - [A fundamental study of the Amerlex Digoxin RIA kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111776 TI - [Current training of the neoplastic radiotherapist in the European Community and in Italy]. PMID- 7111777 TI - [Arterial and portal circulatory compensation in hepatic artery occlusion]. AB - The hepatic artery occlusion is compensated for the opening of pre-existing arterial anastomosis which divert the blood in to arteries downstream of the stenosis for the increase of the flow and for the portal oxygenation. The entity and the type of the collateral circulation depend on the site on the extent on the entity on the rapidity of the development and eventually on the patency of the main pre-existing anastomotic arteries. This circulation is more effective of the stenosis is in the common hepatic artery whereas it becomes more and more uneffective when the occlusion concerns the peripheral arterial branches. The increase of the portal flow occurs mainly through the splenic circulation or with the celiac trunk stenosis and in the splenectomised patients or through the mesenteric circulation thanks to a neuro-humoral mechanism which causes the opening of the precapillary arteriovenous communications. The increase of the portal flow is in correlation with the hypoxia of the hepatocyte for the decreased sinusoidal arterial supply. PMID- 7111778 TI - [Congenital heart diseases and malformations of the uropoietic apparatus]. PMID- 7111779 TI - [Pseudotumoral radiological images of the trachea caused by accumulated mucus]. PMID- 7111780 TI - [Echography inthe study of the gallbladder wall]. AB - In 511 patients with clinical symptoms of chronic or acute biliary disease, gallbladder area was studied by automatic equipments. In 39 patients different features of the gallbladder wall lesions were demonstrated, in some cases associated with gall stones or bile modifications. Gallbladder wall lesions were divided in three different groups, diffuse, localized or both, according to their appearance and extension. Correlations between the echographic patterns and the clinical and pathological pictures were established. The authors concluding stress the diagnostic value of cholecystosonography in detecting wall lesions such as chronic or acute cholecystitis, cholecystosis and gallbladder tumours. The indications of cholecystosonography are in such a way extended well beyond the demonstration of gallstones and bile modifications to the diagnosis of chronic and acute cholecystitis. PMID- 7111781 TI - [Thermography in the follow-up of bone and soft tissue tumors]. AB - Thermography was used for the follow-up of 16 cases of bone tumors and of 16 cases of soft tissue tumors, after conservative treatments (surgery and/or radio- and chemio-therapy). The hyperthermia, which corresponds to the primary tumor, underwent a marked reduction during the first six months after the treatment. The thermographic picture appeared normal at the first follow-up of 12/16 bone tumors and of 9/16 soft tissue tumors. The presence of local recurrencies, at 12 months distance or more, corresponded to a new hyperthermic spot and to the increase of local vascularity. Thermography is proposed as a simple and harmless procedure for the follow-up of bone and soft tissue tumors after conservative treatments. PMID- 7111782 TI - [Advantages of the use of computerized tomography in the study of the distribution of the dose in intracavitary curietherapy]. PMID- 7111784 TI - [Round table: Results and prospects in the treatment of cervical cancer]. PMID- 7111785 TI - [Therapy of metastases]. PMID- 7111783 TI - [Round table: Organization of radiotherapy in Italy]. PMID- 7111786 TI - [The use of computerized tomography in recurrences of rectal tumors]. AB - The authors refer the results of CT studies of 33 patients who underwent surgical resection of the rectum for cancer. In 20 of these cases there was only a suspicion of recurrence; in 13 recurrence had been already clinically or instrumentally demonstrated. In the latter group (13 patients) CT clearly showed the presence of a pelvic mass and of muscular infiltration; in 8 cases pelvic organs and in 7 cases pelvic bones were involved; the mass had liquid density features in 3 patients. In 12 of the 20 cases in which cancer recurrence was suspected, CT demonstrated the presence of a pelvic mass. Compared to the former group infiltration of pelvic organs and bones was less frequent. Granulation tissue, fibrous tissue, abscess formation and surgical removal of epiploon placed into the pelvis may all be causes of false positivity. In order to reduce the rate of wrong diagnosis it is useful a post-operative evaluation of the pelvis as soon as it has recovered from surgery. PMID- 7111787 TI - [Radiological examination of the colon resected for neoplastic pathology in the study of complications and recurrence of the disease]. AB - After resection for cancer of the large bowel, because of high incidence of recurrences, careful radiological examinations must be performed during the follow-up. From the experience of more than 1800 X-ray examinations, after large bowel surgery, the authors describe the roentgen findings, pointing out pathological changes. Roentgenographic findings are distinguished considering the interval between surgery and X-ray examinations (early surveys and late surveys) and their site (anastomosis, residual colonic loops, perivisceral tissues). The main diagnostic problem usually arises in the late surveys at the anastomosis where is often difficult to distinguish a late surgical complication from a neoplastic relapse. This diagnosis is easier by comparison with films from early postoperative examinations. If they are not available correct diagnosis is yet often possible looking for some radiological signs which are carefully described. PMID- 7111788 TI - [Morpho-functional study of the rectal ampulla as a diagnostic contribution to the cause of diarrhea after total colectomy with ileo-rectal anastomosis]. PMID- 7111789 TI - [Solitary chondromas of the hands. Clinical and anatomo-radiological aspects]. PMID- 7111790 TI - [Recessive osteopetrosis with cerebral calcifications. Study of 3 adult subjects in 2 consanguineous families]. PMID- 7111791 TI - [The role of skeletal scintigraphy in the diagnosis of spinal fractures]. PMID- 7111792 TI - [Physical and psychophysical criteria for the evaluation of the quality of radiographic images]. PMID- 7111793 TI - [The value of xeroradiographic patterns in the diagnosis of breast diseases (author's transl)]. AB - The purpose of this study was to establish the value of xeroradiographic patterns and their applicability in the automatic diagnosis of breast diseases. Such an evaluation is based on the comparison with the histologic examination, irrespective of the overall diagnostic judgement previously formulated. From an analysis of the material examined it was possible to ascertain the distribution frequency, the sensitivity, the specificity, the discriminating capacity, and finally the weight of each radiologic sign considered. There are xeroradiographic signs that are apparent almost exclusively in the malignant pathology and therefore can be considered as positive indices of the malignancy of the alteration. The specificity of the radiologic signs considered is very high, whereas the same cannot be said for the sensitivity. Moreover, a linear discriminating analysis made it possible to identify those semiologic elements which, with a minor probability of error, would attribute the pathologic process to the class verified histologically, for malignant neoplasms as well as benign tumors and dysplastic processes. PMID- 7111794 TI - [Role of echography in the study of abdominal localizations of lymphomas]. PMID- 7111795 TI - [Comparative study of the anatomo-clinical, endoscopic and radiographic aspects of atrophic gastritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111796 TI - [The transpulmonary distance in the evaluation of the pulmonary arterial pressure: roentgenographic-hemodynamic relations in mitral valve disease]. AB - A linear correlation between transpulmonary distance and pulmonary arterial mean pressure was found in 84 patients with pure mitral valve disease. Neither the sum of the horizontal distance from the midline to the first divisions of the right and left pulmonary arteries, nor the measurement obtained dividing the transpulmonary distance by the maximum transverse diameter of the thorax significantly increase the correlation. DIP greater than 9.64 and 10.72 have 80% and 90% of chances of being associated with an abnormally high mean arterial pressure but correlate poorly with the extent of hypertension. Greater usefulness of the index might be obtained correlating it with the mean pressure measured under exercise. PMID- 7111797 TI - [Ultrasonics in the study of hemorrhagic necrosis of the adrenal gland]. PMID- 7111799 TI - [Organization of a patient's file of a radio-chemo-therapy department by means of a mini-computer (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical research in the oncological field makes it necessary to have in the shortest possible time information as to the statistical elements of the various neoplasias according to the adopted treatment schemes. In this report we are going to describe the realization of a computerized file with the patient's data of our radio-chemo-therapy department. From the clinical report of each patient, according to the physician's judgement, the more important medical and anagraphical data have been taken out to be then memorized in the computer. The analysis of the data introduced allows to obtain an inventory of patients in alphabetical order, according to the type of neoplasia and to the type of the treatment. The system is quite easy to be used and the interaction with the user is dialogue oriented. In this way both the inserting and the research stage of the filing data as well as the printing of the lists can be effected even by people not particularly trained in the computer use. PMID- 7111798 TI - [Mucous cysts of the bone or osseous "ganglia": clinical and anatomo-radiological considerations]. PMID- 7111801 TI - [Cardiac involvement in hyperthyroidism. Study of 78 cases and physiopathologic review]. PMID- 7111800 TI - [Calcitonin in 1981. A hormone in search of a function?]. PMID- 7111803 TI - [Massive proteinuria associated with chronic pyelonephritis, vesicoureteral reflux and renal tuberculosis]. PMID- 7111804 TI - [Boutonneuse fever. Study of prognostic factors]. PMID- 7111802 TI - [Primary hyperparathyroidism. Review of 21 cases]. PMID- 7111805 TI - [Kinetic study of hepatic microsomal lipase]. PMID- 7111806 TI - [Rapidly progressive renal insufficiency and recurring pulmonary hemorrhage. A rare form of presentation of Wegener's granulomatosis]. PMID- 7111807 TI - [Rare cause of hypovolemic shock and acute abdomen: liposarcoma of the greater omentum]. PMID- 7111808 TI - [Association of myeloma and neoplasia]. PMID- 7111809 TI - [Membranous glomerulonephritis caused by D-penicillamine]. PMID- 7111810 TI - [Lead poisoning stemming from a glazed clay pitcher]. PMID- 7111813 TI - [Postoperative pulmonary complications in upper hemiabdominal surgery]. PMID- 7111811 TI - [Kala-azar and autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Apropos of a fatally developing case caused by hepatotoxicity from N-methylglucamine antimonate]. PMID- 7111812 TI - [Atraumatic orotracheal intubation in the rabbit]. PMID- 7111814 TI - [Anaesthesia in multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 7111815 TI - [Clinical appraisal of etomidate. Evaluation of the effects on myocardial contractility using non-invasive methods]. PMID- 7111816 TI - [Hepatic repercussions of halothane in iterative pediatric anaesthesia]. PMID- 7111818 TI - [Occupational risk of the anesthesiologists in Buenos Aires. Research and comparative study with a control group]. PMID- 7111817 TI - [Respiratory distress after surgery of thyroid gland. Three cases]. PMID- 7111819 TI - [Gastric cancer. Analysis of 445 cases]. PMID- 7111820 TI - [Gastric leiomyoblastomas]. PMID- 7111821 TI - [Esophageal stripping (esophagectomy without thoracotomy)]. PMID- 7111822 TI - [Biliary tract abnormalities. Surgical considerations]. PMID- 7111823 TI - [Evaluation of nutritional and immune status in neoplasms of the colon and rectum. Their relation to surgical mortality and postoperative infection]. PMID- 7111824 TI - [Epidemiological study of chronic calcified pancreatitis in the Madrid area]. PMID- 7111825 TI - [Extrinsic compression syndrome of the celiac trunk. Analysis of etiopathogenic theories]. PMID- 7111826 TI - [Gigantic splenomegaly in sarcoidosis]. PMID- 7111828 TI - [Unilateral small lung with translucent cystic appearance. Congenital or acquired origin? 2 case reports]. AB - The distinction between congenital or acquired lung disease is often a difficult problem. This is illustrated by case reports on two boys aged 10 and 12. The clinical, pulmonary function and radiological details were very similar in the two cases, suggesting pulmonary hypoplasia. However, the histology seen in the second case, a type of bronchiolitis obliterans and follicular bronchiectasis were among several arguments in favour of acquired pulmonary disease of infective origin. The recorded literature as well as this observation show that certain respiratory viral infections may lead to bronchial and above all bronchiolar damage which can be severe and progressive. PMID- 7111827 TI - [Hepatic hematoma. An infrequent complication of puncture biopsy]. PMID- 7111829 TI - [Pharmacokinetic basis for antibiotic therapy in broncho-pulmonary bacterial infections (author's transl)]. AB - Pharmacokinetics is the study of the absorption, distribution and elimination of a drug in the body. Applied to antibiotic therapy it gives information on the concentrations of antibiotic that reach the bacteria at a given time at their site of multiplication for a given dose and route of administration. The future of an antibiotic within a body is largely related to passive transfer. This can be compared to the dialysis of molecules across a semi-permeable membrane, the passage from one side to the other being a function of the concentration of molecules in the "upstream" side, the size of the molecules and their own particular transfer speed. The final result is affected by 1) the partition coefficient itself related to the degree of aqueous and lipid solubility of the molecules, 2) the degree of ionisation of the molecules, non-ionised molecules being the only ones to be transferred, 3) protein binding as only the unbound fraction is biologically active and capable of diffusing across the membranes, 4) by the interplay of the combined phenomena of resorption, distribution and elimination. Penicillins and macrolides are the antibiotics of choice in broncho pulmonary infections. The tetracyclines and the sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim combination come second. The combination of a beta-lactam, an aminoglycoside and/or metronidazole are reserved for the most severe infections. The lung is a particularly well vascularised organ, the pulmonary concentrations of the antibiotic may equal the serum levels. But the concentration in the bronchial secretions only reaches 55% of the serum levels for clindamycin, 25 to 30% for aminoglycosides, minocycline and bacampicillin, 20% for cephalosporins and doxycycline and less than 10% for ampicillin and erythromycin. Only oleandomycine, spiramycin and trimethoprim are present in concentrations equal to those in the serum. PMID- 7111830 TI - [The theophylline test. Indications for the effective daily dosage (author's transl)]. AB - The great variability in the metabolism and degradation of theophylline in different people demands an individual dosage to be effective; this is to maintain the theophylline levels between the threshold of therapeutic activity (10 mg/L) to the upper limit of tolerance (15 to 20 mg/L according to different studies). The effective individual doses may be determined before commencing treatment by a Theophylline Test. This allows the dose over 24 hours to be specified as well as the number of tablets necessary to maintain the theophylline levels in the chosen range. The principle of the Theophylline Test is to administer intravenously a test dose of theophylline, then with 5 successive samples for blood theophylline to assess the individual elimination of the drug. For each subject two pharmacokinetic parameters are determined: clearance and plasma half life. The plasma clearance allows the total dose over 24 hours to be calculated, the half life the number of doses and the type of preparation used: microkrystalline theophylline (Techniphylline), slow release theophylline (Theophylline Bruneau) and prolonged action theophylline (Armophylline). PMID- 7111831 TI - [Respiratory function study on insulin-dependant diabetics (author's transl)]. AB - A present report on insulin dependant diabetics described changes in ventilatory mechanics and a decrease of pulmonary volumes; other studies ended up with different results, i.e. an absence of any spirographic change: the current study agrees with the latter findings. Yet, we noticed an alteration in the CO transfer of the lungs at the alveolar-capillary membrane level which appeared to be due to a reduced pulmonary capillary volume. The duration of the disease and the possible appearance of characteristic complications of diabetes did not seem to have any influence on the functional parameters measured. On the other hand, a broncho-pulmonary disorder independant of diabetes but associated with certain ailments (chronic bronchitis, sequelae of tuberculosis, ... tobacco smoking, etc.) led, as one might have foreseen, to functional ventilatory disturbances. A histological and haematological study would be a logical sequel to our study to clarify the mechanism of the diminished pulmonary transfer capacity. PMID- 7111832 TI - Early detection and localization of lung tumors in high risk groups. PMID- 7111833 TI - Lung carcinogenesis during in vivo cigarette smoking and radon daughter exposure in rats. PMID- 7111835 TI - Results of a lung cancer detection program in an asbestos industry. PMID- 7111834 TI - Fluorescence fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of early stage lung cancer. PMID- 7111837 TI - Sputum cytology and asbestos exposure: a preliminary report. PMID- 7111836 TI - Lung cancer mortality in males screened by chest X-ray and cytologic sputum examination: a preliminary report. AB - Observations from the continuing JHLP lung cancer screening study provide no clear evidence that mass screening by chest X-ray and sputum cytology, plus prompt appropriate treatment, reduces mortality du to lung cancer. No reduction in lung cancer deaths is observed in the JHLP when compared with the number of lung cancer deaths expected from the experience of two unscreened male populations of the same age and smoking status serving as population studies. Possible reasons for the lack of demonstrable decrease in mortality, even though "early" cases have been detected, include: (1) an insufficient passage of time for slowly growing cancers to become apparent in the control group, (2) ineffective therapy, and (3) the multifocal nature of pulmonary neoplasms. Additional study will be required to provide a definitive answer regarding the benefit, if any, of lung cancer screening. PMID- 7111838 TI - Detection of early and roentgenologically occult bronchogenic carcinoma: preliminary report of the Sabbatsberg hospital sputum cytologic screening study. PMID- 7111839 TI - Results of lung cancer screening programs in Japan. PMID- 7111841 TI - Asbestos carcinogenesis: asbestos interactions and epithelial lesions in cultured human tracheobronchial tissues and cells. PMID- 7111840 TI - Epithelial lesions induced by alpha particles and cigarette smoke condensates in organotypic culture of human bronchus. PMID- 7111842 TI - Pathogenesis of bronchial carcinoma, with special reference to morphogenesis and the influence on the bronchial mucosa of 20-methylcholanthrene and cigarette smoking. PMID- 7111843 TI - Lung cancer histogenesis following in vivo bronchial injections of 20 methylcholanthrene in dogs. PMID- 7111844 TI - Bronchoscopic localization of radiologically occult cancer. PMID- 7111845 TI - Hematoporphyrin derivative as a tumor marker in the detection and localization of pulmonary malignancy. PMID- 7111846 TI - Fluorescence bronchoscopy for localizing early bronchial cancer and carcinoma in situ. PMID- 7111848 TI - Effectiveness of the slide and cross-over steps in volleyball blocking--a temporal analysis. PMID- 7111849 TI - The effects of contextual interference on females with varied experience in open sport skills. PMID- 7111847 TI - Productivity analysis as a means of cost containment in physical medicine and rehabilitation centers. PMID- 7111850 TI - The effects of three styles of teaching on the psychomotor performance and social skill development of fifth grade children. PMID- 7111851 TI - Competition and instructional set effects on the speed and accuracy of a throwing task. PMID- 7111852 TI - Body fatness and motor performance during preadolescence. PMID- 7111853 TI - The dynamics of leisure motivation: the effects of outcome on leisure needs. PMID- 7111854 TI - Body composition of Olympic speed skating candidates. PMID- 7111855 TI - Movement education: its effect on motor skill performance. PMID- 7111856 TI - Baumgartner's modified pull-up test for male and female elementary school aged children. PMID- 7111858 TI - Physiological and anatomical characteristics of outstanding female junior tennis players. PMID- 7111859 TI - A reliable method for the measurement of constant load maximal endurance performance on the bicycle ergometer. PMID- 7111857 TI - Theoretical analysis of aggressive golf putts. PMID- 7111860 TI - The reliability and validity of the handheld planimeter for determining kinetic curve parameters. PMID- 7111861 TI - Memory characteristics of two dimensional movement information. PMID- 7111862 TI - Management and determination of pesticide residues in South Africa. PMID- 7111863 TI - Single breath nitrogen washout in pulmonary sarcoidosis. AB - In 35 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis we explored the utility of single breath nitrogen washout as a means for detecting abnormalities in airway function and intrapulmonary distribution of air. Closing volume/vital capacity ratio (CV/VC) was 21% (predicted 12.5%) in patients with only hilar adenopathy (stage I). CV/VC was 21% (predicted 13%) in patients with hilar adenopathy and parenchymal infiltration (stage II). Abnormalities in CV/VC were less readily detectable in patients with parenchymal infiltrates only (stage III) or those with bullous lesions and lung retraction (stage IV). Closing capacity was abnormally high in 66% of the cases. The slope of the alveolar plateau (delta N2/L) increased with disease progression. Single breath nitrogen test provides useful information concerning the function of small airways and distribution of pulmonary ventilation in all stages of sarcoidosis. PMID- 7111864 TI - Airway function in sarcoidosis: smokers versus nonsmokers. AB - Pulmonary function was measured in 24 sarcoidosis patients, 17 nonsmokers and 7 smokers. 12 (4 smokers) had evidence of small airway disease and 6 patients (3 smokers) had evidence of large airway disease. A significantly greater proportion of smokers had an increased closing volume, and closing volume appears to be the most sensitive test for small airway disease in sarcoidosis. However, 3 patients with normal closing volumes had evidence of small airway disease by forced expiratory flow rates or frequency dependence of compliance. We conclude that there is a high incidence of small airway disease in patients with sarcoidosis. There also appears to be a synergism between sarcoidosis and smoking that leads to a significant degree of hyperinflation of the lung. PMID- 7111865 TI - Ventilatory response of humans to chronic contraceptive pill administration. AB - We assessed ventilatory responses of 8 women to chronic contraceptive pill administration. We also studied 5 non-pill-taking women to determine if our techniques were capable of detecting the known ventilatory changes in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. During the high-progestin phase, relative to the low-progestin phase, the pill group had a mean increase in slope of CO2 response of 0.78 litres/min/mm Hg, a mean decrease in resting PET(CO2) of 1.3 mm Hg, and no change in hypoxic sensitivity. The non-pill group had no change in slope of CO2 response, a mean decrease in resting PET(CO2) of 1.1 mm Hg, and no change in hypoxic sensitivity. We conclude that the contraceptive pills studied cause a slight hyperventilation that is probably mediated by a central mechanism, as no changes in peripheral response were detected. PMID- 7111866 TI - [Histamine content of the sputa of patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis]. AB - The sputa of patients with chronic obstructive lung disease show high histamine concentrations with large individual variations. The fluorometric and the biologic method correlate statistically significantly. Histamine concentrations decrease significantly, during 60 min at 37 degrees C, by different amounts in different patients. The measured histamine concentration can cause bronchoconstriction. The histamine and the NaCl control solutions have been found to liberate histamine into the blood, measured as free plasma histamine. There are still many questions open which should be solved because the histamine concentration in the sputum could play an important role in chronic obstructive lung disease. PMID- 7111867 TI - Allergen-specific histamine release from whole blood in flour-sensitive bakers. AB - We have studied the allergen-specific in vitro histamine release (HR) in 38 flour sensitive bakers and in 10 controls without occupational exposure after whole blood incubation with native wheat and rye flour and compared the results with the findings in RAST, skin and bronchial provocation tests. The mean in vitro HR from whole blood after incubation with rye flour amounted to 38.1% (range 0-100%) in flour-sensitive bakers and to 8.2% in the controls (p less than 0.005). Concerning the quantity of HR, no significant differences were found when bakers with meal rhinitis or those with flour-induced asthma were compared. Qualitative analysis, however, showed a close correlation between the frequency of positive HR and the severity of the allergic disorder (rhinitis versus asthma). Comparison of in vitro HR with the findings in RAST and skin tests gave a strong correlation of concordant results with the severity of the underlying disease. The highest coincidence of tests was found in patients with flour-induced asthma. The sensitivity of HR was very high when compared with RAST, skin and provocation tests. Although the assay of HR from whole blood may be a very specific indicator of cell sensitivity in the field of allergy research, the present findings indicate that the conventional methods for diagnosing flour allergy in bakers such as inhalative provocation tests cannot be replaced by this in vitro technique. PMID- 7111868 TI - Ultrastructural alteration of the alveolar epithelium after exposure to organic solvents. AB - Adult rats were exposed to the solvents n-hexane and methylethylketone (MEK) in different concentrations. Lung tissue was examined systematically after various periods by electron microscopy. The direct toxic effect to pneumocytes could be demonstrated as definite regressive alterations, such as fatty degeneration and changes of lamellar bodies of type II pneumocytes as well as increased detachment of cells. Besides these findings, after chronic inhalation of solvents conspicuous aggregation of lamellar discharge material of type II pneumocytes can be seen, and probably, as a result of an irritated fat metabolism, large lysosome like bodies with densely packed lipid material appear in type I pneumocytes. The most distinguished changes could be demonstrated after exposure to a mixture of n hexane and MEK, while they were less obvious after n-hexane alone. The observation suggests a profound enzymatic irritation of metabolism. PMID- 7111869 TI - Mediastinal histoplasmosis. A study of two brothers with emphasis on invasion of the heart. PMID- 7111871 TI - Distribution of specific ventilation in cystic fibrosis. AB - Continuous distributions of specific tidal ventilation were recovered from nitrogen washouts in 29 patients with cystic fibrosis and 22 normal subjects along with other pulmonary parameters to assess the utility of the recovered distribution in describing the progress of the disease. Normal subjects showed predominantly unimodal distributions of a pattern showing a small amount of ventilation going to units with high specific ventilation. Multimodal distributions were the rule in the cystic population with only subjects with normal pulmonary function having unimodal distribution. PMID- 7111870 TI - [Degree of deformation and impairment of lung function in patients with idiopathic scoliosis--a factor analysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111872 TI - Effect of smoking a cigarette on the density dependence of maximal expiratory flow. AB - We have shown that tobacco smoke causes an increase in airways resistance and a drop in expiratory flow at 50% of the vital capacity (FEF50). To better define the nature and site of this bronchoconstrictive effect we measured maximal expiratory flow while breathing air and a low-density gas mixture (helium oxygen), in 12 healthy volunteers, before and after smoking a cigarette. There was a significant drop in FEF50 while breathing air (FEF50Air) (5.52 +/- 1.83- 5.05 +/- 1.86 liters/s; p less than 0.001). No changes were observed in the helium-oxygen FEF50 (FEF50 He) after smoking. The increase in FEF50 after breathing the low-density gas as a percentage of FEF50Air (delta Vmax50) increased from 47.1 +/- 11.4% before smoking to 57.0 +/- 13.3% after smoking (p less than 0.05). There were no changes in forced vital capacity (FVC), flow at 75% FVC and volume of isoflow. We discuss these observations in light of the equal pressure points (EPP) analysis and wave speed theory of flow limitation. We conclude that after smoking flow becomes more density dependent because there is constriction of a flow-limiting segment downstream from the EPP, located in lobar and segmental bronchi. No acute effect of tobacco smoke on the small airways could be demonstrated. PMID- 7111873 TI - Abnormal wasted ventilation fraction and normal pulmonary hemodynamics during exercise in patients with exertional dyspnea. AB - We have previously reported a drop on wasted ventilation fraction (VD/VT) during exercise in patients with pulmonary vaso-occlusive diseases associated with collagen vascular disorders, despite an abnormally high mean pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance at rest and during exercise. To further evaluate the diagnostic value of VD/VT measurements, we studied 8 subjects with normal spirometry, lung volumes and single-breath diffusing capacity who had previously demonstrated a high VD/VT at rest and during exercise. We found normal pulmonary hemodynamics in these subjects despite an abnormal rest and exercise VD/VT. Our findings effectively exclude hemodynamically significant pulmonary vascular obstruction, and do not support the use of VD/VT as a screening method for detecting diffuse pulmonary vaso occlusive diseases. PMID- 7111874 TI - Chronic cor pulmonale in Iraq. AB - The incidence of chronic cor pulmonale in Iraq has been studied for the first time. Of the total 1,102 cardiac cases admitted to the Medical City Hospital in a 1-year period, 168 patients belonged to this group (15.25%). The most frequent cause is chronic obstructive airway disease. Smoking is thought to be an important factor in the occurrence of obstruction. Chronic and repeated infections during different phases of life are thought to play a major role in the pathogenesis. Occupation and dust probably have no significant effect. Schistosomiasis and tuberculosis are rare causes. PMID- 7111875 TI - Acute aromatics inhalation modifies the airways. Effects of the common cold. PMID- 7111876 TI - Bronchospasmolytic effects of orciprenaline and fenoterol powder inhalation in anaesthetised dogs. PMID- 7111877 TI - Relapsing legionella pneumonia. PMID- 7111879 TI - [Morphometry of the bronchial tree (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111878 TI - [Morphometry of the lungs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111880 TI - [VC, FVC, % VC (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111881 TI - [Lung volumes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111882 TI - [FRC, RV, RV/TLC (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111883 TI - [FEVt, FEF200-1, 200 ml, FEF25-75% (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111884 TI - [Dead space (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111885 TI - [RAW (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111886 TI - [Rrs, Zrs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111887 TI - [Cst (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111888 TI - [Cdyn (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111889 TI - [Delta N2 (single & multiple) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111890 TI - [Flow-volume curve (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111891 TI - [Chest wall mechanics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111892 TI - [Airway occlusion pressure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111894 TI - [DLCO (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111893 TI - [Closing volume (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111897 TI - [Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve and P50 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111895 TI - [AaDO2, aADN2 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111896 TI - [pH, HCO3, BE (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111898 TI - [Q, Qs, tc and circulation time (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111899 TI - [Pulmonary blood volume and extravascular water volume (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111900 TI - [Solubility and diffusivity of gases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111901 TI - [Body position (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111902 TI - [Clinical exercise test (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111903 TI - [Sensitivity and reactivity of the airway (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111906 TI - [Design and application of clinical pulmonary tests data base system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111904 TI - [Analysis of alveolar plateau by mathematical formulae (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111905 TI - [Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and its applications on respiratory and circulatory disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111907 TI - [New system for measurement of a parameter (dP/dt/P)at P=O about cardiac function and evaluation of this parameter by animal experiments (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111908 TI - [Simultaneous analysis of uneven distribution of the ventilation-perfusion ratio and of the diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide in the anesthetized dog (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111910 TI - [Assessment of cardiac function by right and left ventricular peak to peak time corrected by heart rate (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111909 TI - [Clinical experience of pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass using PAD (PBP), IABP: with reference to the effects on the peripheral circulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111911 TI - [R wave change with time during exercise test (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111912 TI - [Genesis of circulatory congestion in heart failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111913 TI - [Defective circulatory control in the Shy-Drager syndrome--a report on two cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111914 TI - [A case of the forme fruste of Marfan syndrome complicated with annulo-aortic ectasia and coarctation of the aorta (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111915 TI - Energy metabolism and body size. I. Is the 0.75 mass exponent of Kleiber's equation a statistical artifact? AB - The statistical derivation of Kleiber's 0.75 interspecific mass exponent 'b' is based on an assumption that the mass coefficient 'a' is constant irrespective of a mammal's size and/or species. Analysis of covariance, a statistical technique not based on this assumption, reveals that the mass coefficient is not constant in a series of 7 species (Peromyscus m., mice, rats, cats, dogs, sheep, and cattle) but increases threefold with the size of the animal. THe mass coefficient is a power x mass-2/3, the power being expressed in watts and the mass in kg. (Peromyscus m.: a = 1.91 +/- 0.09; cattle: a = 6.06 +/- 0.14). The intragroup mass exponent is equal to 0.67 +/- 0.03 and is significantly different from 0.75. This study shows that the 0.75 interspecific mass exponent in Kleiber's equation is a statistical artifact and suggests that the data from literature are consistent with the theory of biological similitude of Lambert and Teissier. PMID- 7111916 TI - 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in high- and low-altitude populations of the deer mouse. AB - Erythrocyte DPG concentrations were studied in populations of Peromyscus maniculatus native to different altitudes. Deer mice native to, and resident at, high altitude showed higher DPG/Hb ratios than did deer mice native to, and resident at, low altitude. However, after prolonged acclimation to low altitude, the high-altitude natives showed lower DPG/Hb ratios than did low-altitude natives. The differences in baseline DPG levels appear to be determined primarily by genetic factors. The heritability (h2) of DPG/Hb ratios was estimated by two independent methods to be 0.51 and 0.66, but those values are inflated to an unknown extent by environmental correlations between relatives. Mild cold stress did not elicit an increase in DPG/Hb ratios. DPG levels tended to decrease with age, but the aging effect was not consistently observed in all samples. Neither sex nor alpha-globin genotype influenced DPG levels. The adaptive significance of the genetic differences in DPG metabolism between high- and low-altitude populations remains problematic. PMID- 7111917 TI - Energy metabolism and body size. II. Dimensional analysis and energetic non similarity. AB - The allometric equation P = aMb (P: standard metabolism, M: body mass, a: mass coefficient, and b: mass exponent) can be theoretically derived from the following relations: l/L = t/T = lambda, m/M = lambda 3 where 1 and L are homologous lengths, t and T homologous times and lambda is the coefficient of similitude of two animals. Animals are homomorphic when b = 2/3, a = constant, and when their density is the same. These conditions appear to be realized in mature mammals of the same species, but mammals of different species are not homomorphic. Homomorphism means that the physiological time-scale is not the same in small and large animals, but that the energy spent per unit mass and unit of physiological time remain the same in homomorphic animals [mass-specific physiological power, phi]. The mass coefficient 'a' is equal to phi, therefore 'a' is physiologically the most significant parameter in the allometric equation. The physiological implications of phi are discussed. PMID- 7111918 TI - Role of surface tension and tissue in rat lung stress relaxation. AB - When the volume of the lung is maintained constant after an initial change of volume, stress relaxation (SR) occurs as a slow decay of transpulmonary pressure (PTP). In order to define which structure in the lung is responsible for SR a multiple exponential fitting of the PTP variation has been made. Excised rat lungs were placed in a fluid-filled box with trachea connected to atmosphere and submitted to stepwise changes of volume. Single volume steps (0.2 ml) were performed for lungs filled with either air or saline and the variations of PTP were monitored until steady state was reached. An exponential model (time constant = 6.5 +/- 0.4 (SD) and 92 +/- 6 s) described adequately the SR for air filled lungs (n = 6) whereas only one exponential (time constant = 6.7 +/- 1.3 s) was required for saline-filled lungs. Multiple volume step experiments were also performed in air-filled lungs to obtain pressure volume loops. These hysteresis loops have been adequately simulated by use of the exponential model. It can be concluded that (1) lung tissue and air-liquid interface are both responsible for the SR with, respectively, short and long time constants and (2) the same relaxation function is able to describe both stress relaxation and static hysteresis in such experimental conditions. PMID- 7111919 TI - Effects of unequal pressure swings and different waveforms on distribution of ventilation: a non-linear model simulation. AB - In an attempt to understand the role of unequal pleural pressure swings and of different waveforms of pleural pressure variation in the distribution of ventilation during cyclic breathing, a mathematical model simulation was performed. The computer model which incorporates non-linear resistances and compliances as well as sinusoidal, square, and triangular waveforms of pleural pressure variations indicates that the distribution of ventilation is insensitive to the waveform of the pleural pressure. The distribution is also little changed by the depth of breathing (amplitude), but it is affected significantly by the pattern of different pressures over the regions of the model. For sinusoidal, triangular, and low amplitude square wave pleural pressures with equal amplitudes on both compartments, air was distributed preferentially to the lower compartment under the influence of the static pressure difference. With unequal amplitudes, more air flowed to the compartment experiencing the larger pressure swing. This was virtually independent of the waveform and of the amplitudes of the pleural pressure variation. Comparison of the present results with a constant flow model reveals that the overall distribution of tidal air during cyclic breathing is very different from the results obtained in constant rate inspiration experiments or in bolus distribution experiments. New experiments performed under cyclic breathing conditions are thus indicated. PMID- 7111921 TI - [Joint changes in infectious diseases. 2. Postinfectious (reactive) and viral arthritis]. PMID- 7111922 TI - [Fibrin glue (Tissucol) in otology and otoneurosurgery. Apropos of our first 100 cases]. PMID- 7111920 TI - Blood oxygen affinity in high- and low-altitude populations of the deer mouse. AB - There is little solid evidence for specific genetic adaptations in animal populations native to high altitude. There is also continuing debate over what oxygen transport characteristics are truly adaptive at high altitude. We have attempted to elucidate both problems through population genetic and physiological studies of the deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus. That species is noteworthy because it inhabits the widest range of altitudes of any North American mammal, and it shows a high degree of genetic variation in hemoglobins. Deer mice were collected from 35 populations representing ten nominal subspecies covering a broad geographical range of the United States. The mice were acclimated to low altitude (340 m); then a mixing method was used to determine P50 and other blood gas parameters on samples pooled from individuals of representative hemoglobin genotypes. When the data from all subspecies wee combined, there was a highly significant negative correlation between P50 and the native altitude of the population. Tests on progeny reared at low altitude indicated that the differences in P50 were primarily genetic. Part of the clinal variation in P50 could be attributed to 2,3-DPG effects; high-altitude populations showed lower baseline DPG/Hb ratios. Surprisingly, within those subspecies which inhabit a wide range of altitudes, there was no correlation between P50 and native altitude. Our tentative conclusion from these data and data presented elsewhere is that deer mouse populations do show genetic adaptations to high altitude. However, because of gene exchange between populations, the genetic characteristics of a population reflect the average altitude over a relatively broad geographic area. PMID- 7111923 TI - [Preservation of hearing in surgery for acoustic neuroma by the retro-sigmoid approach (80 cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111924 TI - [The facial nerve in acoustic neurinoma]. PMID- 7111925 TI - The lymphatic networks of the larynx. PMID- 7111926 TI - [A comparison of the results of no treatment, radiotherapy and surgery to the lymph glands of laryngeal carcinoma patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111928 TI - [Superior dental neuralgia as a presenting feature of ethmosphenoidal carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111929 TI - [A case of nasopharyngeal fibroma with extension intracranial (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111927 TI - [Is euthanasia acceptable? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111930 TI - [Stage IV zona of the ear]. PMID- 7111931 TI - New otological accessories. PMID- 7111932 TI - [Trial of tiapride as an analgesic in ORL. Apropos of 5 cases]. PMID- 7111933 TI - [Psychiatric rehabilitation]. PMID- 7111934 TI - [Role of an intensive care unit in a department of medical oncology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111935 TI - [Histological prognosis of malignant melanoma]. PMID- 7111936 TI - [Septicemias (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111937 TI - [Pneumococcal septicemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111938 TI - [Fungemia: diagnostic approaches (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111939 TI - [Prevention of cardiovascular diseases by inhibitors of platelet aggregation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111940 TI - [Problems of contraception in adolescents (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111941 TI - [In search of balance]. PMID- 7111942 TI - [The stakes of the transfer of technology]. PMID- 7111943 TI - [Headache]. PMID- 7111944 TI - [Subnarcosis, a neglected therapy?]. PMID- 7111945 TI - [Locked-in syndrome]. PMID- 7111946 TI - [Incidence of cancer in the tumor registry of the Clinica Universitaria de Navarra (1981)]. PMID- 7111947 TI - [Treatment of breast cancer]. PMID- 7111948 TI - [Treatment of gastric cancer]. PMID- 7111949 TI - [Surgical treatment of cancer of the rectum]. PMID- 7111950 TI - [Cancer of the thyroid]. PMID- 7111951 TI - [Digitalis drugs]. PMID- 7111952 TI - [Enteritis caused by Campylobacter fetus in Navarre]. AB - C. fetus ss jejuni was demonstrated in stool samples from 17 patients, among 605 studied, using the selective media of Skirrow. 13 of them were children, 11 two years' old or younger, and 4 were adult patients. The frequency of isolation of C. fetus ss jejuni in stool cultures has been greater than the isolation of Y. enterocolitica serotype 3, S. sonnei and E. coli, and has been only superated by the isolation of microorganisms belonging to the generus Salmonella. PMID- 7111953 TI - [Single-blind study of the efficacy of pirozadil versus alufibrate in the treatment of primary hyperlipoproteinemias]. AB - Pirozadil and alufibrate are compared by a single-blind study over two groups 20 patients with primary hyperlipoproteinemia. Pirozadil seems more effective as a cholesterol-lowering agent. There were no adverse reactions. We conclude that pirozadil can be a valuable agent in preventing atherosclerotic disease. PMID- 7111954 TI - [New perspectives in the treatment of shock. Use of naloxone]. PMID- 7111955 TI - [Triflusal]. PMID- 7111956 TI - [The brain and consciousness]. PMID- 7111957 TI - [Left motor extinction due to an ischemic lesion of the anterior limb of the internal capsule (author's transl)]. AB - An ischemic lesion limited to the anterior limb of the internal capsule provoked a left motor neglect in a 64-year-old man. There was reduction in spontaneous mobility of the left side of the body, reversible during verbal incitations and accompanied by motor extinction. There were no perceptive disorders, or visual, somatesthetic, or auditive neglect. The importance of the motor extinction phenomenon (described by Valenstein and Heilman in a case with a lesion of similar site) is emphasized: it demonstrates the role in motor neglect of a disequilibrium in intentional activation of the hemispheres. Pathological and clinical correlations are discussed in relation to cases reported in the literature and the results of animal studies. It is suggested that motor neglect may result from interruption of connections between the median thalamic nuclei, the striatum, and the frontal cortex. Relationships between motor neglect and perceptive (attentional) neglect syndromes are discussed. PMID- 7111958 TI - [Gougerot-Sjogren's syndrome and polyneuritis due to carbimazole (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111959 TI - In vitro activity of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole against the nontuberculous mycobacteria. AB - Trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) were studied alone and in combination (TMP-SMZ) against 141 nontuberculous mycobacteria; an agar dilution method was used. All strains of Mycobacterium kansasii (8), Mycobacterium marinum (16), and Mycobacterium scrofulaceum (3); 97% (63 of 65) of strains of Mycobacterium fortuitum; and 27% (3 of 11) of strains of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare were inhibited by less than or equal to 32 micrograms of SMZ/ml. In contrast, all 38 isolates of Mycobacterium chelonei were resistant to 32 micrograms of SMZ/ml. All species were highly resistant to TMP, with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of greater than or equal to 64 micrograms/ml. The MICs of TMP-SMZ for these organisms were similar to the MICs of SMZ alone. These results support the use of sulfonamides for treatment of infections due to M. fortuitum and M. marinum and suggest the need for further clinical and laboratory studies of the activity of these drugs against several additional mycobacterial species. TMP-SMZ appears to offer no advantage (in vitro) over SMZ alone against any of these organisms. PMID- 7111960 TI - Laboratory surveillance of synergy between and resistance to trimethoprim and sulfonamides. AB - Results of susceptibility tests of Enterobacteriaceae isolated at 14 different centers demonstrate synergy between trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) against sulfonamide-susceptible isolates, which account for between less than 50% and greater than 75% of the isolates at different centers. Only 1%-4% of the isolates of Escherichia coli or Proteus mirabilis from the five centers in the United States were found to be resistant when tested with a disk containing both TMP and SMZ, but greater than 8% of such isolates from five of the other centers were resistant to the combination disk. A larger percentage of isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae or Serratia marcescens were resistant, but the number varied from center to center. In the United States, resistance of human and animal isolates of Salmonella to the TMP-SMZ combination was almost completely absent, although greater than 50% of the animal isolates were resistant to sulfonamides. At a center that tested TMP and SMZ resistance with separate disks, resistance to TMP was found to be 30 times more common in sulfonamide-resistant than in sulfonamide-susceptible E. coli. This ratio may be useful as a monitor as treatment with TMP alone increases. PMID- 7111961 TI - Trimethoprim and sulfisoxazole in the treatment of urinary tract infections, with special reference to antibody-coated bacteria and fecal flora. PMID- 7111963 TI - How important is bacteriuria? PMID- 7111964 TI - Resistance to trimethoprim among urinary tract isolates in the United Kingdom. AB - Sequential surveys of resistance to trimethoprim (TMP) were made from 1978 to 1980 among urinary tract isolates of enterobacteria from the Nottingham area of the United Kingdom. These surveys revealed an increasing trend toward levels of resistance to TMP, both in hospitals and in the general environment. Because of this trend, the chances of initial infection with an organism resistant to TMP are increased. Much of this increased resistance can be accounted for by the accelerated spread of TMP resistance plasmids and transposons. The appearance of chromosomally located resistance to TMP mediated by a transposon in the absence of a plasmid is unfortunate because of the potential stability of this form of resistance. The clinical isolation of organisms resistant to TMP but sensitive to sulfonamides, coupled with the increasing use of TMP by itself in the United Kingdom, emphasizes the need for continued monitoring of the relationship between resistance to TMP and to sulfonamides in urinary tract pathogens. PMID- 7111962 TI - Interactions of rifampin and trimethoprim in vitro. AB - Combination of rifampin and trimethoprim (TMP) has been suggested as a means of preventing the emergence of bacterial resistance to the individual agents and of achieving synergistic antimicrobial activity. By means of standard techniques of antimicrobial susceptibility testing, combinations of rifampin and TMP were tested against clinical isolates of a variety of aerobic bacteria. Synergism was defined as a fourfold or greater decrease in the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the more active agent in the combination. Antagonism was defined as a fourfold or greater increase in the MIC of the more active agent. No change or, at most, a twofold change was considered to represent indifference. Combinations of rifampin and TMP in ratios of 7:1, 7:2, and 1:1 demonstrated synergistic activity against 12%, 13%, and 28% of 440 isolates, respectively. Antagonism was observed in 10%, 9%, and 8% of strains tested against the above ratios. Killing curves determined with selected organisms failed to demonstrate synergistic antibacterial activity. Combinations of rifampin and TMP failed to prevent the emergence of resistance to both drugs when selected strains of various bacteria were exposed to serial, subinhibitory concentrations. Thus, synergism of rifampin and TMP was observed in only a minority of strains tested, and combination of the two agents failed to prevent the emergence of drug resistance in vitro. PMID- 7111965 TI - [Clinical aspects and course of cerebellar haematomas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111966 TI - [The contribution and limitations of computed tomography in the diagnosis of cerebellar vascular accidents (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111967 TI - [Surgical indications in cerebellar stroke (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111969 TI - [Giant osteoma of the frontal sinus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111970 TI - [Intracerebral haematoma complicating the course of a traumatic arteriovenous aneurysm of the cavernous sinus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111968 TI - [Cortical blindness: diagnostic, evolution and interest of new methods of exploration (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111971 TI - [The investigation of ocular kinetics using a diode visual stimulator (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111973 TI - [Hemangiopericytoma of the orbit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111972 TI - [Cerebrospinal fluid fistula with rhinorrhoea and recurrent meningitis following removal of an acoustic neurinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111974 TI - [Chronic retinal ischemia caused by carotid stenosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111975 TI - [Significance of photophobia in patients with optic nerve disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111977 TI - [Cerebellar infarctions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111976 TI - [Interest of repeated cerebral panangiography in cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111978 TI - [Haemorrhagic pseudopapillitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7111981 TI - [Asymptomatic autoimmune hemolysis linked to alpha-methyldopa. Importance of the study of erythrocyte survival in vivo]. PMID- 7111980 TI - [Phenotyping Kell and Duffy antigens by a technic of coagglutination on the Groupamatic G 360]. AB - By adapting the technique of coagglutination to the Groupamatic, we have developed an efficient rapid method of phenotyping donors for the Kell and Fya antigens. 340 specimens can be tested per hour; 800 tests can be performed with only 15 ml of antisera. Over 10,000 donor specimens were tested for Kell and 2,470 were simultaneously phenotyped for Fya. No false negatives were observed. The rate, of false positive results, due to autoagglutinins coating the donors' red cells, was the same as that seen with the continuous flow method. We conclude that this technique is suitable for routine use in screening donors for Kell and Fya antigens. PMID- 7111979 TI - [Determination of specific anti-HBO immunoglobulin of IgM or IgG type. Relation to other virus HB markers]. AB - A procedure for determining anti-HBc of IgM class is described herein. After IgG anti-HBc antibodies have been preferentially absorbed with Staphylococcus aureus cells positive for protein A, we have tested for residual IgM anti-HBc in the supernatant (absorbed serum) by radioimmunoassay. The occurrence and time course of anti-HBc, studied in 3 patients with ongoing infection, show that IgM anti-HBc persist for about 2 months in cases of acute hepatitis. IgM anti-HBc --marker for a recent HBV infection-- was found to be a useful tool in diagnosis of an unapparent hepatitis with transient or undetectable HBs antigenemia (case no 5). The presence of IgM or IgG anti-HBc, HBeAg and anti-HBe was determined by radioimmunoassay in 68 patients HBsAg positive. The immunoglobulin classes (IgM or IgG) of anti-HBc are dependent on the phase of hepatitis B. Of the 29 IgM anti HBc positive specimens, 28 were found to be HBeAg positive, 18 of these patients were hemodialysed. 62 among 63 HBsAg positive blood donors had IgG anti-HBc, 6 associated with HBeAg and 56 with anti-HBe. All anti-HBc of anti-HBs positive sera were of IgG class (patients or blood donors). In order to estimate the anti HBc titer, we have determined the per cent inhibition of 134 HBsAg and 46 anti HBs positive sera diluted to 1 : 100. We correlate the presence of HBsAg - regardless of the level of titer of it --with high titers of anti-HBc and the presence of anti-HBs with low titers (P less than less than 0,0001). These results are very instructive with regard to the problem of anti-HBc titer and possibility of persisting HBV and we support the hypothesis that HBsAg negative but strongly anti-HBc positive blood might be infectious. IgM anti-HBc are on the average of lower titer than IgG anti-HBc, but we did not observe difference in IgG anti-HBc titer between HBeAg positive sera and anti-HBe, HBsAg positive sera. PMID- 7111982 TI - Circaseptan (about-7-day) bioperiodicity--spontaneous and reactive--and the search for pacemakers. AB - A built-in (genetically determined) about-7-day (circaseptan) period comes to the fore as a desynchronized feature of human time structure in the urinary excretion of 17-ketosteroids by a clinical healthy man: during several years following an endocrine intervention (the self-administration of testosterone suppositories), a circaseptan rhythm (which during the preceding decade had revealed a period of precisely 7 days) deviated slightly, yet with statistical significance, from the environmental week. A second line of evidence for an intrinsic circaseptan component stems from the demonstration of statistically significant differences in timing of a circaseptan rhythm in springtail oviposition. A third line of evidence documents prominent circaseptan rhythmicity after the application of a single stimulus (devoid in itself of any circaseptan information). Such single stimulus induction, amplification and/or synchronization also documents the clinical and biologic importance of built-in circaseptan rhythms that were previously often misinterpreted as being purely reactive: a circaseptan spectral component is remarkably prominent in mammalian organ transplant rejection, both in the clinic and in the laboratory. In the latter case, in the absence of any weekly cycles in hospital routine, including treatment schedules, circaseptan components characterize the rejection of the rat kidney, pancreas and heart. Much additional information here reviewed reveals the occurrence of periods of about 7 days. Their implications for transplant and other chronoimmunology as well as biology in general, and their clinical applications in drug treatment, include the need to weld circaseptan timing to circadian timing and dosing. A dramatic documentation of this need stems from the circumstance that pretreatment for one week with the same total dose of the same substance (a polysaccharide - Lentinan) accelerates or retards cancerous growth (hence shortens or lengthens survival) as a function of interactive circaseptan and circadian rhythms. PMID- 7111983 TI - Simplified computerization of data-base for diabetic patients. AB - A computerized data-base for the management of the out-patient clinic for diabetes and of the hospital diabetic patients has been developed by means of low cost commercial microcomputer. The program is able to supply lists of sets of patients chosen from user-defined characteristics. The system also allows the selected listin of recall letters for periodic examinations, the printing of registers for medical and administrative use and for statistical analysis. The system is easy to learn and easy to use. The operator-computer interaction is colloquial through the use of a video-terminal, permitting the use by nominally trained staff. PMID- 7111984 TI - Unexpected lower prevalence of HBsAg in diabetics than in controls. (A study on 2,465 patients). AB - Serum samples from 2,465 diabetics were examined by radioimmunoassay for HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc at the Centro Antidiabetico of the Ospedale Maggiore di Lodi; during the same period, the same tests were carried out on serum samples from 2,176 control subjects, who had been admitted to the surgical, casualty and obstetrical departments for reasons that had nothing whatsoever to do with any form of liver disease. The ages of the two groups ranged from 6 to 90 years. The diabetics were divided into three groups; insulin-dependent, non-insulin dependent and diabetics treated with insulin for diabetic complications. The overall frequency of HBsAg in the various groups of diabetics was 3.5%, while in the controls it was 6.1% (p less than 0.001). In the group of young insulin dependent diabetics, the frequency was 1.7%, as compared to 6.9% for the controls in the same age group (p less than 0.05). In the group of patients treated with insulin for diabetic complications, the frequency increased to 11.5%, while for the controls in the same age group it was 5.5%. The levels of HBsAg were practically the same in the diabetics and in the controls, whereas the level of anti-HBc was higher in the diabetics: 55.6% compared to 50% (p less than 0.005). This last result indicates that the chances of hepatitis B virus infection were greater for the diabetics than for the controls. Diabetics, and especially those insulin-dependent are, therefore, believed to possess a greater capacity of resistance through their T cell-mediated immune response to the hepatitis B virus. PMID- 7111986 TI - Correlation between the upper and lower respiratory tract in childhood. PMID- 7111985 TI - Gastrin release and gastric secretion induced by dimethylxanthine in man. AB - Gastrin release and gastric secretion in response to i.v. dimethylxanthine (2 mg/kg for 5 min followed by a 55-min infusion of 2.5 mg/kg) were studied in 25 normal subjects. Gastrin release was significantly stimulated, whereas gastric acid and pepsin secretion was inhibited. The adenylcyclase activation may, therefore, play a role in the mechanism of gastrin release. Moreover, dimethylxanthine seems to be a useful aid in studies on G-cell function in man. PMID- 7111987 TI - Ultrasonic versus radiologic investigation of the paranasal sinuses. PMID- 7111988 TI - Nasal airway resistance in perennial non-allergic rhinitis. Postural variations and effects of topical application of terbutaline. AB - The nasal airway resistance in various positions of the body was investigated in 24 patients with perennial non-allergic rhinitis and in 10 normal subjects. No difference in nasal airway resistance between inspiration and expiration was found. the patients had higher resistance than the controls, a difference providing an anatomical explanation of their complaint of nasal obstruction. When the patients changed from the recumbent to the sitting position, the resistance did not decrease until after about one hour. The corresponding time for the controls was 10 minutes. This difference suggests that oedema is a more important cause of nasal swelling in the patients than in normal subjects. Local treatment of the patients' nasal mucosa with terbutaline revealed no clear oedema-reducing effect to the drug. PMID- 7111989 TI - Nasal vasodilation induced by electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve. PMID- 7111990 TI - Growth pattern of the rabbit nasal bone region. AB - Two radiopaque implants were inserted into each left and right nasal bone in five female rabbits. Ventrodorsal cephalometric radiographs were taken at 6 and 16 weeks of age. From these radiographs, separate tracings were made on matte acetate paper of the left and right nasal bone regions including the radiopaque implants. The markers of the 16 week tracing were superposed on the markers of the 6 week tracing. The difference in the two established outlines represented the changes in size and shape in two dimensions that had occurred during the 10 week period. Our purpose was to determine the relative growth activity at several borders. The mean increase was about 6.79 mm at the proximal (posterior) border, 6.19 mm at the distal (anterior) border, 2.73 mm at the lateral border, 1.22 mm at the medial border. Thus, growth at the proximal and the distal borders was about the same and about twice that of the lateral border and about 5 times that of the medial border. PMID- 7111992 TI - [The importance of angiography in primary retroperitoneal tumors (author's transl)]. AB - During the past ten years, 18 patients with primary retroperitoneal tumours were operated on in the Second Surgical Department of Vienna University. Angiography was performed preoperatively in seven patients. In five out of seven patients, the origin of the tumour and its histological grade could be determined angiographically. Hence, angiography is indicated if surgery is contemplated in addition to the more recent tomographic imaging techniques (ultrasound, computed tomography). PMID- 7111991 TI - [Risk of cerebral infarct in young adults (author's transl)]. AB - From 1978 to 1980, thirty-one patients aged forty years or less, had cerebral ischemic events as TIA, RIND or complete stroke. These patients have been studied, both clinically and with laboratory tests to assess the most common causes of their disorder. It was found that hypertension, excess smoking, diabetes and disorders of the lipid metabolism are the most common causes of the atherosclerosis, which plays a role in enhancing ischemic cerebro-vascular accidents during youth. The detection as well as the localization of the site of the ischemic lesions was difficult; only in six out of the seventeen patients examined it was possible to show angiographically a stenosis of one cerebral vessel. Comparison between the 31 patients and 31 subjects of the same age without clinical symptoms or neurological signs, showed a significant incidence of causes of atherosclerosis in the control subjects. In view of the limited number of controls it was not possible to predict a clearcut prognosis. PMID- 7111993 TI - [Model calculations of the Energy distribution of scattered radiation in a patient (author's transl)]. AB - To obtain quantitative results on scattered radiation produced in a patient by externally applied x-rays or gamma rays, the model of a pencil beam penetrating a water layer is used. By means of the Monte-Carlo method, the energy distribution of scattered photons in a plane parallel to the absorbing layer is calculated for primary photon energies from 60 to 1250 keV. This yields information on the distribution of single-scatter and multiple-scatter photons. PMID- 7111994 TI - [Possibilities of errors in radiological diagnostics of the skeleton (author's transl)]. AB - Errors in the radiological diagnosis of the skeleton can be based on physicotechnical factors, on the use of a wrong technique of examination, or on erroneous evaluation of x-ray films. The individual factors contributing to possible errors are sub-classified and discussed as examples. An attempt is made to set up quality criteria for skeletal radiology. PMID- 7111995 TI - [X-ray findings of the sternum after sternotomy (author's transl)]. AB - X-ray examination of the sternum after sternotomy supplies proof of rupture of a suture, of dehiscence of the sternum, malpositioning of the wire ligature, of the cutting-through of the fixation wire by the bone, of the fracture, pseudoarthrosis and inflammation. Fractures can be located in the manubrium sterni, the body of the sternum, the xiphoid process and in one of the two parts of the sternum. Pseudoarthroses can be seen in the manubrium, in the body of the sternum or as longitudinal pseudoarthroses. Pseudoarthroses were found only in conjunction with inflammatory chances. Signs pointing to an osteomyelitis of the sternum can be very discreet. This applies to both the reactive scleroses and to osteolyses. In individual cases the examination of a fistula system allows identification of a connection to the bone or to the ligature material. Retrosternal abscesses can be differentiated in the computer tomogram from dissections after bolus injection. Diagnosis by exclusion requires tomography in two planes with complicated blurs. In such cases the diagnostic reliability is probably far superior to the reliability achieved by plain roentgenography and with longitudinal blurring. PMID- 7111996 TI - [Differential diagnosis of cystic bone tumors in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - Skeletal changes leading to a suspicion of the presence of a tumour frequently occur in childhood with the roentgenological manifestation of a cyst. X-ray morphology can differ depending upon the localisation and the course. In childhood, however, such findings are mainly classified as tumour-like bone lesions. This group comprises, inter alia, the juvenile bone cyst, the aneurysmatic bone cyst and fibrous dysplasia. However, it is necessary to exclude by differential diagnosis--even though the main age of manifestation is after completion of growth--genuine bone tumours with cystic phenomena, such as the giant cell tumour, chondroma or chondroblastoma. Verification of the diagnosis can be effected via radiologic-diagnostic methods such as tomography. The use of scintigraphy of the skeleton can likewise be indicated. Numerous laboratory parameters can be used in individual cases to exclude certain diagnoses. Taking these aspects into consideration, the article reviews differential diagnosis of the most frequent skeletal affections in childhood. Great emphasis is given to the ranking and importance of the individual diagnostic methods. PMID- 7111997 TI - [Very rapid bolus injection as routine method in excretion urography (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report on a comparative examination of the tolerance and diagnostic value of excretion urography using a standard dose of 50 ml of a 77% solution of the meglumine-sodium salt of ioxythalamic acid (Telebrix 390) at conventional injection speed (60-90 sec.) compared with a very rapid bolus injection (less than 10 sec.) Although the risk of severe side effects is probably the same in both cases, the rate of mild or so-called non-specific side effects is significantly lower with the more rapid type of injection. At the same time, it is possible to improve the diagnostic value with a slightly greater effort (vascular early nephrogram). PMID- 7111999 TI - [Arteriovenous fistula of the A. vertebralis after catheterization of V. jugularis interna (author's transl)]. AB - The article reports on an arteriovenous fistula between the a. vertebralis and the v. vertebralis with blood flowing off via the v. vertebralis, v. cervicalis profunda and v. brachiocephalica. The fistula occurred after application of a central venous catheter to the v. jugularis interna. PMID- 7111998 TI - [Vascular malformation in cranial computerized tomography (author's transl)]. AB - Aneurysms and vascular hamartomas, unless too small, may be diagnosed by computerized tomography. In particular, larger arteriovenous malformations and venous angiomas present a fairly typical appearance. Smaller angiomas produce mostly atypical findings and require additional cerebral angiography. Spontaneous intracerebral parenchymal or subarachnoidal haemorrhage is mostly caused by arterial hypertension and/or arteriosclerosis. However, vascular malformations are an important additional cause of bleeding. Demonstration of intracranial haemorrhage is a domain of computerized tomography. Occasionally, an angioma may be revealed. However, the source of bleeding can usually be shown more conclusively by cerebral angiography, an invasive method. PMID- 7112000 TI - [CT in relapsing rectal carcinomas (author's transl)]. AB - In 12-15% of rectal carcinomas a relapse appears during the first two years. Until now, early radiological diagnosis by means of conventional methods was extremely difficult and subject to high and negative error rates. Computerized tomography--in comparison to conventional radiological methods--allows early recognition of these tumour relapses and finds excellent use for purposes of radiological post-operative management. PMID- 7112001 TI - [Present-day diagnosis of clinical death in the adult and newborn infant]. PMID- 7112002 TI - [Determining the date of death]. PMID- 7112003 TI - [Irreversible coma. Description and medicolegal implications]. PMID- 7112004 TI - [Sudden death in the adult]. PMID- 7112005 TI - [The physician, death, and the law]. PMID- 7112008 TI - [Functional and morphological study of the thyroid gland]. PMID- 7112009 TI - [Goiter. Physiopathology, diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 7112007 TI - [Tumors of the thyroid body]. PMID- 7112006 TI - [Phenylalanine hydroxylase]. PMID- 7112010 TI - [Differentiated epitheliomas of the thyroid]. PMID- 7112011 TI - [Medullary cancer of the thyroid. Clinical forms, diagnostic and therapeutic management]. PMID- 7112013 TI - [Pre- and pseudo-epitheliomatous skin conditions]. PMID- 7112012 TI - [Undifferentiated cancers of the thyroid]. PMID- 7112014 TI - [Pre-epitheliomatous and pseudo-epitheliomatous conditions of the peri-orificial mucous membranes]. PMID- 7112015 TI - [Basocellular epitheliomas]. PMID- 7112016 TI - [Spinocellular epitheliomas]. PMID- 7112017 TI - [Uncommon forms of primary cutaneous epitheliomas]. PMID- 7112018 TI - [Skin metastases of carcinomas (secondary epitheliomas)]. PMID- 7112019 TI - [Treatment of cutaneous carcinomas]. PMID- 7112020 TI - [The anion gap: clinical significance]. PMID- 7112021 TI - [Comparative variations of the sedimentation rate, haptoglobin and orosomucoid in rhizomelic pseudopolyarthritis and temporal arteritis. Attempt at a definition of biological parameters for monitoring these diseases]. AB - In pseudo-polyarthritis of the extremities as well as in temporal arteritis we have noted a very marked correlation between sedimentation rate (ESR) and inflammatory proteins at the beginning of the disease. By contrast there is a dissociation during the course of the illness and sometimes at the time of onset in those rare forms with a normal ESR. It was therefore concluded that the ESR was not sufficiently accurate as an index of surveillance in such diseases. Study of inflammation proteins is in rare circumstances of diagnostic value at the time of onset of the disorder, in forms with a normal ESR. Comparative study of their variations with that in ESR would appear to provide an accurate factor in surveillance during the course of peripheral pseudo-polyarthritis and temporal arteritis. At that time, even though a return to a satisfactory clinical state and a normal ESR may be accompanied by a persistent increase in such proteins, it is not felt to be desirable to attempt to obtain their normalization. Finally, it would appear that their return to normal at the end of the course of the disease provides a reliable test of cure. PMID- 7112022 TI - [Rapid destructive arthropathy of the shoulder]. AB - Within the general context of rapid destruction of the humeral head, destructive arthropathy of the shoulder, described here in six cases, is a diagnosis of elimination. Being neither infectious inflammatory, microcrystalline, nor neurological, this curious variety of degenerative pathology of the shoulder involves the following: 1) a particular group of sufferers: women aged 65 to 81 years; 2) prior signs, at least radiological, of deterioration in the rotator cuff; 3) rapid erosive osteolysis of the head of the humerus reducing its radiological area by 25 per cent in less than six months; 4) early narrowing of the scapulo-humeral joint space (Ist to 9th month); 5) transient appearance of calcium debris in the area of the joint; 6) a synovial effusion in some cases, often bloody. The destruction phase is associated with pain lasting from two months to two years. However at the stage of stable sequelae, pain is moderate or minimal. Differential diagnosis with destructive arthropathy due to articular chondrocalcinosis and necrosis of the head of the humerus is particularly discussed. The cause of rapid destruction is unknown. It may be multifactorial: advanced age (constant), osteoporosis, fragility of articular cartilage as evidenced by multiple localizations of osteoarthrosis (4 cases out of 6), enzymes in the bloody effusion, trauma (3 cases out of 7), and intra-articular injections of corticosteroid derivatives, in particular fluorinated (3 cases out of 7) may possibly play a role. PMID- 7112023 TI - [Protein binding of salicylates in rheumatoid arthritis]. AB - Protein binding of salicylates was determined in 16 control subjects and 27 patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. Results obtained after separation of the free and bound fractions by dialysis to equilibrium and measured by spectrofluorometry were analyzed using a new mathematical model. In correlation with the decrease in plasma albumin concentrations, a decrease was found in the protein binding of salicylates in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. This phenomenon was less marked in therapeutic zones and was related to the degree of severity of the inflammatory syndrome. The binding capacity per albumin molecule at saturation was decreased in patients suffering from advanced forms, suggesting that the changes seen were not due solely to quantitative variations in serum albumin levels. This study confirms the value of the determination of free salicylate levels in patients suffering from inflammatory rheumatic disorders. PMID- 7112024 TI - [Osteoarthritis of the knee caused by Mycobacterium xenopi]. PMID- 7112025 TI - [Isolated primary hyperparathyroidism and ulcer disease]. PMID- 7112026 TI - [Tuberculous osteitis of the sternum]. PMID- 7112027 TI - [Major kyphosis caused by hypothyroid axial myopathy. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7112028 TI - A case of variant congenital dyserythropoietic anemia revisited. PMID- 7112029 TI - Platelet function related to the development and presenting symptoms in coronary artery disease. An epidemiological study in apparently healthy men. AB - Among 2014 apparently healthy men aged 40-59 years platelet function was studied with Hellem's retention method in 488 men. In 55 of these 488 men coronary heart disease (CHD) was strongly suspected and coronary angiography confirmed the diagnosis in 34 of 51 angiographied men. Platelet responsiveness was significantly lower among those who had angina pectoris than among their CHD suspect counterparts without angina, regardless of coronary angiographic findings. Since angiopositive men without angina and 408 "normals" had similar retention values, it seems as if presenting symptoms, but not the development of CHD are linked to platelet function. During a near maximal bicycle exercise test significantly higher peak exercise blood pressure was found among men with very low retention values than among men with retention values in the middle and upper range. This could not be explained by differences in maximal heart rate or work performance. This indicates that blood pressure regulation during exercise may in part be linked to platelet function related mechanisms. PMID- 7112030 TI - Primary and secondary autoimmune thrombocytopenia. A serological and clinical analysis. AB - In 357 thrombocytopenic patients, the autoimmune nature of the thrombocytopenia was established with the immunofluorescence test on paraformaldehyde-fixed platelets in suspension (PSIFT). In 142 patients, autoimmune thrombocytopenia (AITP) was accompanied by (an)other disease(s) and thus classified as secondary AITP. No significant difference was found in the distribution of the immunochemical characteristics of the autoantibodies between primary and secondary AITP. The results of survival studies with 51Cr-labelled platelets and organ sequestration measurements in 7 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP) indicated that platelets with IgM autoantibodies were sequestered mainly in the spleen. An increased incidence of AITP was seen at 5 to 10 years of age, in the 3rd decade and in the 6th and 7th decades of life. AITP was slightly more common life in females. The following groups of accompanying diseases in 142 AITP patients were distinguished: autoimmune diseases of the blood, malignant diseases of the blood, generalized and organ-specific autoimmune diseases, carcinoma and a miscellaneous group of diseases. No significant differences were found in the immunochemical properties of the autoantibodies between the various categories of disease. In 7 cases, AITP was preceded by an established viral disease, in 1 case by lepra and in another by a vaccination. The PSIFT was found to be a suitable test for diagnosing AITP not only in idiopathic thrombocytopenia, but also in thrombocytopenia associated with another disease. PMID- 7112031 TI - Absence of predictive parameters for CNS involvement in adult non-lymphocytic leukaemia at time of diagnosis. AB - 13 patients with adult non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) who developed central nervous system (CNS) involvement during the course of their illness are reported and compared with a control group of 26 ANLL patients without CNS involvement. The incidence of CNS involvement was 13/510 patients (2.5%). Initial symptoms and signs and routine laboratory data were not helpful in predicting which patients would ultimately develop CNS involvement. Almost 1/2 of the patients were in clinical and haematological remission at the time of the diagnosis of CNS involvement. Specific treatment to the CNS including intrathecal cytotoxic drugs and/or radiotherapy failed to increase the survival rate significantly. Whether the establishment of an early diagnosis of CNS involvement and the institution of appropriate treatment may improve the prognosis of this complication is a question which presently remains unanswered. PMID- 7112032 TI - Sarcoidosis associated with autoimmune thrombocytopenia and selective IgA deficiency. PMID- 7112033 TI - Cold injury of the rat skin. A fluorescence histochemical study of adrenergic nerves, mast cells and patency of cutaneous blood vessels. PMID- 7112034 TI - Mechanical properties of Prolene and Ethilon sutures after three weeks in vivo. AB - The influence of mechanical loading and degradation on the mechanical characteristics of two different materials for suturing, Prolene and Ethilon, is presented. Sutures and loops were dissected out from rabbit abdominal wounds and muscle pockets, respectively, 21 days after implantation. Testing of the sutures and the loops was carried out in a materials testing machine, and the load deformation curves were recorded, from which a number of parameters were calculated. The investigation showed that sutures undergo in vivo changes in their mechanical characteristics partly due to mechanical loading, and partly to the degradation. The changes were dissimilar in the two materials and moreover, they depended on the size of the suture. PMID- 7112035 TI - Titanium implants permanently penetrating human skin. AB - Titanium implants were allowed to penetrate the skin of the upper arm of 8 human volunteers in an attempt to investigate the conditions for a permanent implant transcutaneous passage. If a construction was used that restricted the skin movements around the implant no inflammatory or other adverse soft tissue effects were noted for follow-up periods of 7-25 months. In another clinical investigation of 4 patients with hearing impairment, titanium implants were firmly anchored in the temporal bone, allowed to penetrate the skin and external hearing aids were directly attached. These transcutaneous implants are still functioning without any problems at a follow-up period of 38-50 months. The reason for the favorable results achieved are thought to be connected to the material (non-alloyed titanium), the design of the implant and a minimally traumatising surgery. The results of this paper are pointing to new treatment possibilities using external prostheses anchored to the skeleton via skin penetrating mechanical connections as e.g. stable and permanent episthesis attachment in cases of severe facial injuries. A clinical trial along these lines is presently being performed. PMID- 7112036 TI - Increasing incidence of clefts in Finland: reliability of hospital records and central register of congenital malformations. AB - The treatment of cleft lip and/or palate [CL(P), CP] in Finland has been centralized to one unit since 1947. Since 1963 all congenital malformations are reported to a central register. Comparison of these two materials showed that altogether 3928 children with clefts, born from 1948 to 1975, were registered in a total of 2 258 850 live born children in Finland, corresponding an incidence of 1.74%. There was a constant registered rise in the incidence from 1.31% in 1948 52 to 2.16% in 1969-75, indicating a corrected "true" increase in the incidence by 33% in 28 years, or approximately by over one percent per year. Of all registered clefts born 1963-75 23.5% were lacking from the Register of Congenital Malformations, and 10.3% from the hospital records. In 1948-75 55.8% of the clefts belonged to the group CP and 44.2% to CL(P). The incidence of CP increased from 0.78% in 1948-52 to 1.21% in 1969-75, and that of CL(P) from 0.53 to 0.95%. An average of 13,8% of the CP-cases were submucous clefts. Their registered incidence in all live born children increased from 0.08% in 1948-52 to 0.19% in 1969-75. PMID- 7112038 TI - Vascular tumours of the hand. AB - The series comprises 74 patients with benign and 2 with malignant vascular tumours located in the upper extremity and treated at our hospital during the period 1962-80. In 9 instances the tumour was associated with skeletal hypertrophy of the involved extremity (Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome), whereas in another 7 patients a hypotrophy of the skeleton of the affected extremity was seen. Preoperative angiography was performed on 39 patients and characteristic features for the various types of tumours are discussed. Fifty-nine patients underwent surgical treatment. The observation period ranged from 1 to 18 years (mean 7 years). Twenty-six patients were cured, 19 improved, and 14 had recurrence. The cure rate was found to depend on the presence of arteriovenous shunts, the size of the tumour and its localization. Tumours with diameters of less than or equal to 2 cm located on the fingers or on the dorsum of the hand had the best prognosis. PMID- 7112037 TI - Long term local cortisol treatment of tendons and the indirect effect on skin. An experimental study in rats. AB - The mechanical properties of muscle tendon after long term local cortisol treatment were studied as well as those of skin with regard to possible systemic effects. Rats received cortisol injections 10 mg/kg into each hind limb, around the peroneal tendons every third day for 55 days. A control group was injected in the same way, but with saline. The local cortisol treatment did not alter the mechanical properties of the peroneous longus tendon, even though its dry weight and hydroxyproline content was reduced. A systemic effect on skin from the dorsum was observed. The thickness and hydroxyproline content were reduced, and in spite of that, the strength of the skin specimens increased. The hydroxyproline/nitrogen ratio in purified, insoluble skin collagen was not changed after the cortisol treatment. Two different effects of corticosteroids on collagenous tissues are suggested to act here: (1) within the first one to two weeks corticosteroids induce a relatively fast increase in the stability of the collagenous tissue, (2) followed by a progressive thinning and reduction in collagen of the tissue, caused mainly by an inhibited collagen synthesis. Thus the strength of the muscle tendon is not reduced, even though its collagen content is reduced after local cortisol treatment for 55 days. PMID- 7112039 TI - Angiomatosis osteohypotrophica. AB - Based on a clinical and radiological study of seven patients, a syndrome consisting of congenital hemangiomas with arteriovenous fistulae engaging the soft tissues and the bones, and associated with shortening of the involved extremity, for which we suggest the name angiomatosis osteohypotrophica, is reported. Angioma, varicose veins and/or arteriovenous fistulae with resulting increase in limb have been widely known since the beginning of this century as Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome. Although the patients in this series present all other features of Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome, thinning and shortening of the long bones occurred, resulting in an overall reduction in limb length. Intraosseous hemangiomas in the metacarpal, respective metatarsal bones were common characteristic findings. The arteriograms undertaken in this study showed, in addition to hemangiomas, presence of arteriovenous shunts within the area of the tumour. Their influence on skeletal growth is discussed. PMID- 7112040 TI - Individually fashioned prostheses in the treatment of Kienbocks disease. AB - Four patients with Kienbocks disease were treated with replacement of the lunate bone by individually fashioned silicone-rubber prostheses. Follow-up one to eight years after operation showed good results. It is considered a great advantage to be able to make an exact fit of the implant. It prevents luxation and implies that the operation can be performed in all stages of the disease. This simple operation is a valuable supplement to the different procedures for the treatment of Kienbocks disease. PMID- 7112041 TI - Clinical research in child psychiatry--methods and strategies. AB - Research methods in child psychiatry are derived from many disciplines- epidemiology, genetics, neurochemistry, pharmacology, electrophysiology, psychology, linguistics, and analytical chemistry--as well as several branches of medicine, particularly pediatrics, neurology, and psychiatry. The application of methods must be informed by the knowledge and concerns which emerge from the clinician's authentic clinical engagement with children and families. Research strategies require the definition of specific questions which can be addressed by discrete studies as well as the progressive integration of findings and perspectives. Systematic clinical investigations require institutional supports- opportunities and enticements for young investigators, long-term stability of research groups, and ease of collaboration and among specialists. PMID- 7112042 TI - Communication development and its disorders: a psycholinguistic perspective. AB - There is a reciprocal relationship between the study of language disorders and research in normal language development. Recent studies in normal acquisition have led to a model of language development that includes not only linguistic achievements, but the development of social and cognitive abilities that lay the basis for the transition from prelinguistic communication to the use of conventional forms. This model has been applied to the study of developmental disorders of language learning. Such a model allows the more puzzling disorders of language development, such as childhood aphasia and primary autism, to be placed in a framework that predicts language disruption when underlying perceptual, cognitive, or social abilities are lacking. Assessment procedures that can be drawn from the model of language disorders are presented. It is argued that the study of these disabilities is important in the building of theoretical models of intact language processing that specify more precisely the contribution of underlying skills to overall functioning. Questions for future research that serve this reciprocal purpose are discussed. PMID- 7112043 TI - Catecholamine-thyroid hormone interactions: I. Thyroid hormone and platelet MAO activity in psychiatrically disturbed children. PMID- 7112044 TI - Cognitive and emotional functioning in hypopituitary short-statured children. AB - Eleven children with documented growth hormone deficiency were studied to assess their cognitive and emotional functioning and their academic achievement before and after 1 year of human growth hormone replacement therapy. Standardized personality and intelligence measures were used, and records of school achievement, as well as developmental and family history from parents, were obtained. Although some subjects in this group were coping with problems other than their short stature (e.g., other medical and psychosocial problems), their intelligence and academic achievement were found to be positively correlated with socioeconomic status and independent of the condition of hypopituitarism. This study supports others that have found these children vulnerable to problems of emotional adjustment in middle and late childhood. Because of the heterogeneity of the group, findings must be interpreted cautiously. However, the consistent finding of disturbance in visual-motor integration is thought to be significant and demonstrates the need for further research that will examine possible neurological sequelae of long-term growth hormone deficiency. PMID- 7112045 TI - Attentional and perceptual measures: developmental changes. AB - A battery of 37 tasks was assembled for neuropsychiatric assessment of cognitive functioning, motor control, perceptual abilities, vigilance, and neuromaturational status. In order to determine developmental changes within a normal population, a test battery was administered to 90 middle-class grade school children (50 boys and 40 girls), who ranged in age from 4 to 14. Statistical assessment of left- and right-handed differences produced only one significant finding, which was probably due to environmental adaptation. The only clear sex difference indicated a gross motor advantage for boys walking backward on the balance beam. All 37 tests correlated with age--with true value correlations ranging from .39 to .87. PMID- 7112046 TI - The Yale Neuropsycho-educational Assessment Scales. AB - The Yale Neuropsychoeducational Assessment Scales (YNPEAS) represent a newly developed tool designed to test the hypothesis that homogeneous subgroups of children with the more subtle neuropsychiatric disorders may be discerned and classified through shared historical, behavioral, familial, anatomic, neuromaturational, and biochemical characteristics. Consisting of a series of parent, physician, and school-related integrated assessment scales, the YNPEAS provide for the creation of a broad, multidimensional data base for each child. A major innovation of the YNPEAS is the provision of a mechanism for the orderly processing of the mass of clinical information into operational statements compatible with DSM-III constructs. This article presents the development of each of the component parts of the YNPEAS while also providing the historical perspective necessary to better comprehend the role of each of the scales. This instrument should be useful to both researcher and clinician as a tool with which to follow the natural history of a phenomenon; relate clinical dimensions across different diagnostic subgroups; and elucidate the genetic, social, and physiological interrelationships in the emergence or continuation of a disorder. PMID- 7112048 TI - Comment on Sune Nystrom. Relation of prevention of social problems to virtues and morality. PMID- 7112047 TI - Family factors in schizophrenic relapse: a replication. AB - Family factors have been reported to influence the course of schizophrenia. In a replication of British studies, schizophrenic patients from the Los Angeles area were evaluated for symptomatic relapse 9 months after hospital discharge as a function of the level of "expressed emotion" in their relatives. In striking confirmation of the British findings, patients who came from families that were excessively critical, emotionally overinvolved, or both were much more likely to relapse than their counterparts who came from more tolerant and accepting families. PMID- 7112049 TI - The prevalence of bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis in an industrialized community in Northern Sweden. AB - The population living within a small area around a sulphite pulp factory in Northern Sweden was studied with regard to chronic obstructive lung disease. In persons in the age group 20-64 years the prevalence of bronchial asthma was found to be 3.0% for males and 3.2% for females. These figures correspond closely with previous studies in the Central and Southern Sweden. In the same age group the prevalence of chronic bronchitis was 2.8% for males and 1.0% for females, i.e. not differing much from that of other parts of Sweden. These findings, however, were far removed from the high prevalence of chronic bronchitis reported from Northern Finland, viz. 28.2% in males and 5.8% in females. The difference is probably attributable to differences in diagnostic criteria. In this study, those sulphite pulp factory workers who smoke seemed to constitute a population running a high risk of contracting chronic bronchitis. PMID- 7112050 TI - Menopausal age and spontaneous abortion in a group of women working in a Swedish steel works. AB - Female workers in a Swedish Steel works had a higher parity than clerical day workers. Mean menopausal age was 48 +/- 1 years in shift workers, compared with 49 +/- 1 in industrial day workers and 50 +/- 1 years in clerical day workers. Menstrual irregularity was not found to any higher degree in the industrially exposed groups. A tendency to increased frequency of spontaneous abortion among workers in the metallurgical areas was found, but can probably be explained by factors such as age and smoking habits. PMID- 7112052 TI - The influence of repeated health examinations on mortality in a prospective cohort study, with a comment on the autopsy frequency. The study of men born in 1913. AB - In the Study of Men Born in 1913 it was possible to investigate the influence of repeated health examinations on mortality in a prospective cohort study. On January 1, 1963, 1010 men in the experimental group and 1956 in the control group were alive. The experimental group took part in repeated examinations in 1963, 1967, 1973 and 1980. Overt diseases were treated accordingly. Newly detected hypertension was also treated. By the end of a 15-year-long observation period, the cumulative mortality in the experimental group (14.5%) was not significantly lower than that in the control group (15.7%). In the experimental group, 855 took part. The mortality was significantly higher in the non-participating group. The autopsy frequency decreased for in-hospital deaths but increased for deaths outside hospital during the study period. PMID- 7112051 TI - Confounding as a result of differential diagnosis. AB - Confounding occurs when a competing cause of illness is associated with one or more of the factors being examined under the study hypothesis. Factors that influence the likelihood of diagnosis and are associated with exposure will also have confounding properties in registry-based follow-up studies without ad hoc diagnosis, and in case-control studies where cases are ascertained from medical settings. Such confounders can be controlled in the same manner as other confounders if the necessary information has been collected in the study. Oftentimes sufficient control of confounders will not be possible, especially in registry-based studies. This article gives guidelines for estimating the direction and magnitude for both forms of confounding. The formulas may be needed for the interpretation of positive or negative results in studies where control for confounding has been incomplete. PMID- 7112053 TI - Unemployment and hospitalization among bricklayers. AB - 677 active members of the bricklayers' trade union in Aarhus have been investigated with regard to unemployment and hospitalization during the period April 1, 1972-March 31, 1978. Information concerning unemployment was obtained through the bricklayers' trade union, and information about hospitalization from the hospital administration registry of three counties of Northern Jutland and from the Danish Central Psychiatric Register. Using logit analysis it was found that admission to a hospital increased the risk of unemployment, and that unemployment increased the risk of hospitalization. Admission to a psychiatric department appeared within a latency period of 0-1 years. A latency period of 1/2 11/2 years was observed before admission to a medical department. Admission to a surgical department occurred 1/2-21/2 years after accumulated unemployment. The risk of admission to a psychiatric department was seven times as high for bricklayers who have been unemployed more than 50% of the time compared with those who have been unemployed less of the time, although the calculation was based on relatively few individuals. The risk of admission to medical wards was twice as high, and the risk of admission to surgical wards was almost twice as high among those with much unemployment. PMID- 7112055 TI - [Plasma exchange in progressive lupus nephritis]. AB - The clinical course in 8 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) complicated by sever lupus nephritis (LN) with progressive renal insufficiency was investigated to evaluate the therapeutic role of plasma exchange in this disease. In 6 patients treated with corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs, only a creatinine level exceeding 4.0 mg% resulted in hemodialysis or death. In 2 patients under additional plasma exchange the creatinine value fell below 4.0 mg% and was stabilized at that level over a now lengthy period of time. It cannot yet be concluded that additional plasma exchange definitely prevents hemodialysis. However, stabilization of renal function could optimize conventional therapy, thereby limiting side effects as well as risk of infection. PMID- 7112054 TI - [A rare variety of polyendocrine neoplasms: the MEN IIb and MEN III syndrome]. AB - The MEN IIb syndrome is a rare form of multiple endocrine neoplasia, clearly defined more than 15 years ago, since which time more than 100 cases have been identified. It has a characteristic phenotype appearance which is unique and should permit more frequent diagnosis. The patient who is the subject of this study had passed through several different hospital departments without his very characteristic appearance being recognized or a diagnosis established. The marfanoid aspect of such patient is however very obvious, with kyphosis, skeletal asymmetry and funnel chest. The facial appearance of blunt features and thick lips is even more specific. The tongue and digestive mucosa are covered with small polypoid lesions which are submucosal ganglioneuromas. The visible presence of fine hyperplastic nerve fibres on the cornea is pathognomonic. This syndrome occurs sporadically but is generally transmitted genetically in an autosomal dominant manner. A medullary thyroid carcinoma, followed or preceded by pheochromocytoma (often bilateral), is associated with these dysmorphic signs. The tumours are themselves preceded by C-cell hyperplasia or adrenal medullary hyperplasia. The ganglioneuromas which predominate in the digestive tract exist from birth. The accompanying symptoms may, initially, be mistaken for inflammatory bowel disease. The prognosis is poor, since it relates to the evolution of the medullary thyroid carcinoma which is particularly malignant and presents at an early age. We have been following the course of this unusual disease of the APUD system in a young man, now aged 26 years, for over 2 years. PMID- 7112056 TI - [Diagnosis of brain death and organ donation]. AB - The Swiss Academy of Medical Sciences published its guidelines for brain death evaluation and removal of donor organs in 1968. Based on this, the authors have designed a formal written protocol for brain death certification with the object of establishing the diagnosis of brain death beyond doubt and within reasonable time. The protocol serves for identification of suitable organ donors. PMID- 7112057 TI - [Spinal involvement in chronic polyarthritis]. AB - Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may involve every segment of the entire spine. In particular, the cervical spine is commonly affected in rheumatoid arthritis. In approximately 40% of RA patients inflammatory changes are observed in the upper inflammatory changes are observed in the upper cervical region. Atlanto-dental dislocation, a common early sign especially in juvenile RA, is radiologically diagnosed by a lateral radiograph of the neck in maximal flexion. The pathological findings in the spine and the corresponding radiological signs and clinical symptomatology are described. PMID- 7112059 TI - [Logical basis of laboratory diagnosis]. PMID- 7112058 TI - [Chondrocalcinosis]. AB - Chondrocalcinosis is an arthropathy caused by deposits of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate microcrystals (CPPD) in the joints and occasionally in the tendons and ligaments. In our region it is almost always seen in its sporadic form in elderly subjects. The patients can be without symptoms or present four different clinical entities: an acute arthritis which can resemble and even be mistaken for an attack of gout or a septic arthritis; an inflammatory polyarthritis suggesting a rheumatoid arthritis; most frequently it appears as a benign polyarthrosis; sometimes it runs a destructive course capable of seriously damaging one or several joints. In certain cases chondrocalcinosis is associated with another metabolic disease. Familial forms have been described in some countries. Factors which induce the formation of the deposits of CPPD in the articular cartilages, fibrocartilages, the synovium and occasionally in the tendons and ligaments remain obscure. In contrast to urate gout, chondrocalcinosis appears to be due to a disturbance of pyrophosphate metabolism localized almost exclusively in the articular region. Its association with polyarthrosis rather frequently leads to destructive arthropathies. No etiological treatment for chondrocalcinosis exists at the present time. Therapy is limited to the administration of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and physiotherapy. PMID- 7112061 TI - [Netilmicin in refractory urinary tract infections. Good therapeutic effect in spite of long dosage intervals]. AB - Aminoglycoside antibiotics are useful--despite potential toxicity--for treating urinary tract infection when other antibacterial agents have failed to eradicate bacteriuria. That this is true of the recently introduced aminoglycoside netilmicin was shown by 16 cases of tenacious and frequently recurring urinary tract infection. In contrast to previous recommendations, but relying on well known pharmacokinetic data which show prolonged urinary excretion of aminoglycosides, netilmicin was administered according to the following dosage schedule: Intramuscular injections of 3 mg/kg in cases where renal function was unimpaired, and of 2 mg/kg where it was reduced, were administered at dosage intervals of 1 to 4 days. Peak serum levels of netilmicin measured 1 hour after intramuscular injection were within the expected range of 8-14 micrograms/ml (3 mg/kg) and 6-10 micrograms/ml (2 mg/kg). As a result of the long dosage intervals the serum trough levels were usually far below 1 microgram/ml except in patients with moderate renal failure. Urinary concentrations of netilmicin, however, remained for the most part above the limit of antibacterial activity throughout the dosage intervals of 1 to 4 days. One week after the usual three weeks treatment course, urinary concentrations were still between 1 and 5 mcg/ml, and slowly decreasing amounts of the drug could be detected at least in traces up to 3 months beyond the last dose. Considering the type of urinary tract infections selected to receive netilmicin, the response to treatment was satisfactory and seemed unaffected by the long dosage intervals. Bacteriological cure was achieved in 5 of 11 infections associated with chronic pyelonephritis or analgesic nephropathy and in 4 of 5 urinary infections in patients with renal transplants. Treatment failures could be accounted for by obstructive lesions, stones, and in one transplanted patient by infection localized to her own shrunken kidneys. No instance of ototoxicity or nephrotoxicity due to netilmicin could be detected. Netilmicin administered according to the dosage schedule described can be recommended for ambulatory treatment of tenacious, recurring urinary tract infections due to gram-negative bacteria and refractory to cure by the usual oral antibiotic therapy. PMID- 7112060 TI - [Therapy of thyroid cysts with fine needle aspiration]. AB - In a study extending over a period of 4 years, therapeutic fine-needle aspirations were carried out in 194 thyroid patients with thyroid cysts. The cyst contents of 3-130 ml cyst fluid were completely removed by suction in 2-3 month intervals by 1-17 fine-needle aspirations on an outpatient basis. Malignancy was ruled out in all patients by repeated cytological tests. Complete emptying of the cyst, verified by twice-repeated check at 3-month intervals, was achieved in 86 patients (44.3%). A reduction of the cyst fluid to less than 30% was achieved in 13 patients (6.7%). In 17 patients (8.8%) the cyst fluid diminished to 31-50%. In 44 patients (22.7%) there was no diminution in the cyst fluid or a reduction of less than 50%. There was an increase in cyst fluid compared with the first puncture in 34 patients (17.5%). The success of puncture cannot be predicted, although cysts with brown cyst fluids can be emptied significantly more frequently than cysts with yellow cyst fluids (63% as compared with 43.5%, p less than 0.005). Cyst fluid volume, T3- and T4-contents of the cyst fluid, age and sex had no influence on therapeutic effect. Up to the 5th puncture the prospects of success are approximately constant, but even in cases of more frequent punctures emptying still takes place. Thyroid hormone therapy with 50-100 micrograms 1-T4 daily (n = 134), and a single intracystic injection of 40 mg methylprednisolone-crystal suspension (n = 42) or of 0.02 g hydroxypolyaethoxydodecan 1% (n = 11) did not show better results than the single aspiration. There were no complications except for 2 cases of afterbleeding in the cysts immediately after puncture, and these were easily dealt with. Fine needle aspiration is a simple, effective and cost-saving method for the elimination of the frequent cosmetically disturbing thyroid cysts in half of patients, thus avoiding surgery. PMID- 7112062 TI - [Chronic defibrination syndrome and thrombocytopenia in splenic hamartoma (splenoma)]. AB - In a 41-year-old woman who had suffered from hypofibrinogenemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia and splenomegaly for several years a causative hamartoma of the spleen (splenoma) was removed surgically. The results of a preoperative therapeutic trial with heparin, the marked accumulation of 125I activity in the splenoma following intravenous injection of radioiodinated fibrinogen, the immunohistochemical demonstration of extensive fibrinogen deposits in the splenoma, and normalization of fibrinogen levels and blood cell counts after surgery point to the pathogenetic role of this rare splenic tumor. The salient clinical and pathological features of 41 splenoma cases in the literature are briefly reviewed. Hematologic signs were observed in only 9 splenoma patients. PMID- 7112063 TI - [Diagnostic key for intensive care patients: combination of clinical parameters with laboratory findings]. AB - A new diagnostic key has been established based on the reports of 3845 critically ill patients in our medical intensive care unit. The clinical diagnoses in these patients were classified in 22 different groups according to different organs or etiological entities (diseases of the liver, infectious diseases, intoxications etc.). 42 different laboratory parameters were selected for classification of metabolic or organ-related complications. Combining of clinical diagnoses with laboratory values characterizes the seriously ill patient. Our new system proved to be practicable in describing the degree, complications and prognosis of disorders in intensive care medicine. The results are demonstrated in patients with hepatic coma. PMID- 7112064 TI - [Prognosis of acute psychotropic drug poisoning. The Lausanne experience]. AB - 366 charts are reviewed of patients admitted to the ICU of the Lausanne University Department of Medicine during 5 consecutive years for psychotropic drug overdose and treated by supportive management. 25% were severely intoxicated and 46 patients required ventilatory support either for aspiration pneumonia or CNS depression. The mortality rate was 0.5% and mean stay in the ICU 2.8 days. Neither the two deaths nor the complications (already established upon admission or within 6 hours of presentation) could have been prevented by hemoperfusion. The efficiency of conservative management raises questions about the value of extrarenal clearance technics in the absence of concurrent renal failure. PMID- 7112065 TI - [Cerebral resuscitation: a reality?]. PMID- 7112066 TI - [Physiopathology of brain edema]. AB - Cerebral edema is by definition an increase in the water content of the brain. Because of the rigidity of the skull, every increase in brain volume invariably causes intracranial hypertension which, in turn, has two major consequences: firstly, cerebral perfusion pressure is reduced, thus promoting ischemia; secondly, cerebral structures are displaced toward places of lesser resistance, thus causing brain herniation. In consequence, medical treatment of intracranial hypertension should be chiefly directed against brain edema. Recent research in the field demonstrates that there are different forms of edema, the underlying mechanisms of which are discussed. PMID- 7112067 TI - [Increased intracranial pressure: clinical symptoms]. PMID- 7112069 TI - [Osmotherapy and steroid therapy in acute brain edema]. PMID- 7112068 TI - [The Glasgow coma scale]. AB - The value of the Glasgow coma scale is definite and widely accepted. It is a help in teaching a difficult subject, in mutual understanding in a few words, and in comparison of cases. It uses accurate and practical observations. It is the best method of measuring the state of consciousness, provided observation of the diameter and light reaction of the pupils is added It avoids what Jamieson and Yelland feared in 1968. "It is tragic if the wardmaid assesses deterioration by recognizing that a patient is not as bright now as earlier while trained staff await the development of the next stage in their preconceived, rigid scale of deterioration." PMID- 7112070 TI - [Invasive neurointensive care in children]. PMID- 7112071 TI - [Continuous computer-assisted monitoring]. AB - Optimal monitoring of vital parameters in critically ill patients should be performed continuously with non-invasive and automatic methods including trend presentation of the data. Continuous measurements are now in frequent use in intensive care units, and non-invasive techniques are being increasingly explored. Besides automatic registration, computerization of monitoring allows trend presentation of the measured values and thereby improves diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. The characteristic peculiarities of a computer, i.e. acquisition, computing and presentation of the data, as well as storage capacity, enable simultaneous monitoring of several complex parameters, as is demonstrated by arrhythmia monitoring systems already in routine use. Optimal patient surveillance is described in three practical examples of computer application. PMID- 7112072 TI - [The increasing workload of the nursing staff caused by control duties. Summary of the round-table discussion]. PMID- 7112073 TI - [Early evoked auditory potentials for the assessment of prognosis in cerebral resuscitation]. AB - Four patients who fulfilled all the clinical criteria for brain death, and 17 patients who did not, were tested with brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAER). Of the brain-dead patients, 3 had no waves present in the BAER, including wave. I. Initially BAER were intact in none of the brain-dead patients and then showed a decrease in amplitude and a prolongation of latency of the later components (7 cases) until finally wave I alone was present (6 cases). Normal data suggested toxic or metabolic comatose patients (2 cases). BAER are an objective measure of one of the sensory pathways traversing the brainstem and can be used to evaluate the functional states of the brainstem in patients in whom brain death must be considered. The association of short-latency somatosensory evoked responses (SER) has greater clinical utility in the brain death setting because it is important to have a wave present which establishes that the input signal has reached the central nervous system. PMID- 7112074 TI - [Current status of esophageal neoplasms. I]. AB - In Europe, carcinoma of the esophagus is a relatively rare disease with an annual mortality rate of 4-7 deaths per 105 inhabitants. Institution of appropriate therapy for esophageal carcinoma depends mainly on accurate diagnosis and staging. Computed tomography displays the anatomy of the esophagus and mediastinum with a high degree of accuracy and is a good method of assessing extra-esophageal spread of carcinoma. Preoperative nutritional support may reduce operative mortality and morbidity in high-risk patients. Today there is still no alternative to resection of the carcinoma. Esophagogastrectomy with (cervical) esophagogastrostomy with or without thoracotomy is the treatment of choice for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Prognosis is still poor, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 20%. If resection is technically impossible, an endoesophageal tube can be inserted or a bypass procedure carried out to increase the quality of life with near normal ability to swallow. Radiotherapy can be used when surgery primarily is not applicable for medical reasons or is refused. Preoperative radiotherapy does not produce statistically significant short- or long-term benefit in the management of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Chemotherapy or combination chemotherapy have so far been insufficiently tested and cannot be recommended today for routine use. A combined modality approach is promising but needs further evaluation. PMID- 7112075 TI - [Elimination of fluoride in urine during fluoridation of salt and drinking water]. AB - From 552 ambulatory gynecological patients in different parts of Switzerland the urinary excretion of fluorine was measured. The patients were classified into 4 groups according to origin: (1) 84 women were from the Canton Basel-Stadt. In this city water has been fluoridated since 1962; (2) 139 women from Canton Glarus. In this area a pilot study was under way using table and baker's salt, to both of which 250 mg F/kg had been added; (3) 128 women from Canton Aargau who were using a low dose fluoridated salt (90 mg F/kg); (4) 201 patients from Cantons Aargau and Tessin respectively who were consuming neither fluoridated water or salt acted as controls. Quantitation of ionized fluorine in urine was performed by means of the fluoride ion sensitive electrode in afternoon urine samples, thus eliminating the influence of sex difference and diurnal rhythm in fluorine excretion. The molar urinary fluorine concentration was related to the corresponding urinary creatinine concentration and expressed as mumol F per mmol creatinine. The fluoridation of salt or water was considered ideal when the excretion factor amounted to 6.29 mumol X mmol-1. The most important finding was that the Glarus females excrete higher levels of fluorine than the patients from Basel, though the difference was no significant. The fluoridation of salt with 90 mg F/kg is followed by an increase of the excretion factor from 2.58 to 3.65 mumol X mmol-1. It could also be demonstrated that in Canton Glarus, where salt with higher fluorine content is used, the excretion coefficient remains below the level believed to be toxic in the long run. It is concluded that salt fluoridation with 250 gm F/kg is safe. Furthermore, the excretion of fluorine in the control group seems to confirm that fluorine is a trace element of ubiquitous occurrence even excreted in urine of individuals who deliberately avoid fluorine as an additive to table salt or water. PMID- 7112076 TI - [Creatine kinase (CK) activity and its isoenzyme MB in the serum of randomly selected patients without acute coronary disease]. AB - Elevations of creatine kinase (CK) are not specific for myocardial disease. However, enzyme release due to extracardial factors is not necessarily comparable in healthy and diseased persons. It is therefore questionable whether normal values obtained in a group of healthy or mildly ill subjects are also valid for severely ill patients. The activity pattern of CK and its isoenzyme MB was therefore examined in the serum of 100 consecutive patients attending the medical outpatient clinic and of 170 patients at the time of admission to the medical emergency ward. The clinical and laboratory findings and diagnoses for all patients are recorded. Acute coronary disease was excluded. Determination of CK was performed according to the method described by Oliver [21] and Preston [27], but the results were calculated for a reaction temperature of 30 degrees C and determination of CK-MB was in cue with the method described by Prellwitz [25]. 4% of the outpatients and 14% of the emergency patients had CK values of over 100 U/1. In the majority of the patients (19 of 28) with CK values of over 100 U/1, the history revealed that the elevated values could be attributed to skeletal muscle trauma. After these values had been excluded, the 95% percentile was 20-85 U/1 (outpatients) and 20-110 U/1 (emergency ward) for men and 15-90 U/1 (outpatients) and 20-75 U/1 (emergency ward) for women. Without this selection, the newly admitted male patients in particular would have presented considerably elevated values. Since an explanation was found for most of the elevating values, the adjusted figures show no major differences between outpatients and hospital patients. The limit for CK-MB activity indicative of cardiac origin is presumed to be between 4-10% of the total CK activity. However, individual variations are observed, since CK-MB activity in skeletal muscle in variable and atypical isoenzymes may interfere with CK-MB determination. In this study 14% of the patients admitted to the emergency ward with CK values of under 100 U/1 presented false positive CK-MB values of over 10% of the total CK activity. It is concluded that CK-MB determination using the antibody method does not afford reliable results when there is no elevation of total CK. PMID- 7112077 TI - [Occupation-related bronchial asthma caused by ampicillin. Diagnostic significance of occupation-specific inhalation provocation tests]. AB - The case of a 58-year-old employee of an antibiotic-producing factory with occupationally related disorders (asthmatic dyspnea, episodic fever in the evening and malaise) is presented. A change of workplace did not completely relieve the patient. The further course was complicated by nephrolithiasis with urinary infection requiring nephroureterotomy. The extensive allergological investigation resulted in absolutely negative skin tests of the immediate and delayed type with environmental allergens including moulds and antibiotics. The serological examinations showed a high total IgE level and positive specific IgE to benzylpenicilloyl (BPO). The arterial blood gas analyses at rest showed that the patient hyperventilated massively. Consecutive inhalation of lactose, tetracycline, ampicillin and chloramphenicol dust administered by Spinhaler turboinhaler produced a delayed asthmatic reaction with an FEV1 a fall of 42% five hours after provocation, accompanied by general symptoms identified by the patient as here former disorders. Circulating immunocomplexes (C1q-binding test) were now positive, as was anti-BPO-IgG, while anti-BPO-IgE decreased slightly. PMID- 7112079 TI - Ultrastructural changes of nuclei after treatment with mesodermal inducing substance. AB - Ultrastructural changes occur in the nuclei of the presumptive ectoderm cells of the early gastrula of Cynops orientalis after treatment with a mesodermal inducing substance (guinea pig bone marrow extract). The large condensed chromatin masses in the nuclei of the control series are no longer found; they become more or less dispersed. The successive changes of chromatin from condensed to dispersed have been observed. And in connection with the observations on neural induction after Ca-free treatment, the transformation from heterochromatin to euchromatin as the initiation of cell differentiation has been discussed. PMID- 7112078 TI - [Traveler's diarrhea]. AB - Travelers' diarrhea is of concern to practitioners in temperate countries in two ways: people ask advice for effective prophylaxis before they leave for tropical regions, and returning travelers often complain of diarrhea after a journey to the tropics. Diarrhea at the beginning of a trip to southern regions is mainly due to bacterial pathogens; later, a parasitic origin for diarrhea becomes an increasing possibility. A rational and economic diagnostic approach to the diarrhea of returning travelers does not necessarily and always include bacteriological stool cultures. Situations warranting a wait-and-see symptomatic treatment are discussed. The authors believe that chemoprophylaxis for traveler's diarrhea should not be prescribed as a general measure. PMID- 7112080 TI - Malignant transformation of baby hamster lung fibroblasts induced in vitro by a new nitrosamine compound. AB - A new nitrosamine compound, N-1-methylacetonyl-N-3-methylbutyl-nitrosamine (MAMB NA), isolated from corn bread inoculated with moulds commonly occurring in Linxian County, a high incidence area for esophageal cancer in North China was tested for its potential carcinogenicity in vitro. Baby hamster lung fibroblasts (BHL) were treated with MAMBNA in tissue culture medium containing liver microsome preparation of Aroclor 1254 treated rat. Cell transformation was assessed by morphological changes, loss of density-dependent inhibition and unlimited growth in vitro, chromosome changes, colony formation on soft agar, growth at low serum concentration, Con A agglutinability and tumor formation after heterotransplantation into immunosuppressed newborn rats. Like the known carcinogens N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitroso-guanidine and diethylnitrosamine, MAMBNA was able to cause malignant transformation of cells cultured in vitro. PMID- 7112081 TI - Clinical features of hypertension in frequent and heavy alcohol drinkers. AB - An association between regular alcohol use and hypertension is firmly established. The clinical features of hypertensive patients who used alcohol frequently or heavily were compared with those of age and sex matched hypertensive patients who used alcohol only occasionally or never. Regular alcohol use was associated with milder hypertension, lower blood urea concentrations and fewer electrocardiographic abnormalities. However, there was no evidence that major vascular complications, including myocardial infarction, were less common in regular drinkers, perhaps because of their associated heavy cigarette smoking. Regular alcohol users were as likely to give a positive family history of hypertension, but were less likely to have an abnormal intravenous pyelogram. Heavy drinkers were twice as likely to default within one year. PMID- 7112082 TI - The management of ureteroceles--a review of 45 patients. PMID- 7112083 TI - Diaphoretic therapy in regular dialysis patients. PMID- 7112084 TI - Phenol cauterization in the management of ingrowing toenails. AB - Phenol cauterization has been carried out on 150 toes in 121 patients with an ingrowing toenail. There was no significant morbidity and the procedure was tolerated well by all patients. Overall recurrence rate was found to be 4 per cent after nine months. This figure compares favourably with surgical ablation techniques and when combined with improved patient tolerance indicates that phenol cauterisation may be the ablation procedure of choice in the treatment of an ingrowing toenail. PMID- 7112085 TI - The effect of megadose ascorbic acid ingestion on the absorption and retention of vitamin B12 in man. AB - Radiotracer B12 analogues, hydroxy- and cyano-cobalamin have been used to study the effects of megadose L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) ingestion on vitamin B12 metabolism in man. By employing whole body counter techniques it has been shown that, while ascorbic acid can partially inactivate both the important dietary analogue, hydroxycobalamin, and the gastric secretion, intrinsic factor which is essential for B12 absorption, the rapid binding of the B12 analogue to intrinsic factor protects the hydroxycobalamin from attack. As a result, the absorption of hydroxcobalamin is unaffected by the simultaneous ingestion of 1 g ascorbic acid. The absorption of cyanocobalamin, the most stable analogue but not found in quantity in the diet, is slightly increased by ascorbic acid. Whole body retention studies on normal subjects ingesting 2 g ascorbic acid per day show no significant evidence of in vivo destruction of body B12 stores. PMID- 7112086 TI - Fungal lung infections treated by 5 flucytosine. PMID- 7112087 TI - Gout and pseudogout precipitated by parathyroidectomy. PMID- 7112089 TI - Seminoma presenting as gross splenomegaly. PMID- 7112088 TI - Phenylbutazone pericarditis. PMID- 7112090 TI - Coeliac disease in Edinburgh and the Lothians 1900-1980. PMID- 7112091 TI - Clinico-pathological conference. A case for St. Valentine's Day. PMID- 7112092 TI - Intracellular interaction and biotransformation of arsenite in rats and rabbits. AB - The accumulation of arsenic with time in tissues of rats and rabbits was determined by neutron activation analysis (NAA). Rats showed a steady increase in the As-concentrations with age, whereas in rabbits it was nearly the same for adults and in young animals. The metabolism of arsenic was studied in both animal species after i.p. injection of 50/micrograms As/kg b.w. as 74As labelled arsenite. Eight tissues, as well as blood and urine, were analysed for 74As content after 16 and 48 hours. The binding of 74As to hematic and intracellular components and the chemical forms of arsenic in tissues and urine were investigated. In the plasma and the RBC-fraction of the rabbit, the As concentration decreased during the first two days, while in the rats it only disappeared from the plasma, but was retained in the RBC-fraction. Liver, kidney and lung of rabbits with the highest As concentrations at 16 and 48 hours showed a rapid clearance of As in the first 48 hours. In the corresponding tissues of the rats, the rate of decline was significantly lower, due to the higher binding of 74As to tissue constituents. Poor binding of As to plasma proteins was seen in rabbits while in rats it was totally bound to this fraction. In the RBC, liver and kidney cytosols, however, the affinity of As for intracellular proteins was higher in both animal species but characterized by a rate of binding different between the two animal species. The amount of dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) in the tissues was significantly lower in the rat than in the rabbit, reflecting the total amount of diffusible arsenic, which was also much lower in the tissues of rats than in rabbits. PMID- 7112094 TI - Chlorinated hydrocarbons in diving ducks wintering in Gdansk Bay, Baltic Sea. AB - The levels of HCB, alpha-BHC, gamma-BHC, DDT (plus analogues), and PCB were determined in adipose fat from seven species of diving ducks at their winter quarters in the southern Baltic. PCB, epsilon DDT and HCB were detected in all samples. PCB's were highest followed by epsilon DDT and HCB. Residues of gamma BHC were detected in only four of 129 samples examined, but, for all samples from the long-tailed duck, only levels of alpha-BHC were positive. Differences between HCB, epsilon DDT and PCB residue levels between males and females of the scaup duck were statistically insignificant (P less than 0.01). PMID- 7112093 TI - Selenium in human hair in relation to age, diet, pathological condition and serum levels. AB - Approximately 0.5 g of hair samples free from medicated shampoos, bleaches and dyes were collected from 115 subjects from the occipitonuchal region. Prior to the analyses, the samples were thoroughly washed and dried in a gravity convection oven until consistent weight was obtained. A 100-mg portion of the cut up and thoroughly mixed sample in duplicate was used for the analysis of selenium (Se) by a fluorometric technique. The results were treated statistically. The level varied from 0.55 in the elderly to 0.76 microgram/g of hair in adolescents. A decline of Se was noted in the groups of ages 16-40 yrs, the levels being 0.64 to 0.59 microgram/g of hair. From groups 41-60 yrs no increase was seen in the Se content, the lowest level noted was in group 61-70 yrs. These differences between groups were found to be statistically significant (P less than 0.05). No significant correlation was found between the Se content of hair and diet. The levels in hair and serum of patients with cardiovascular disease were significantly low (P less than 0.05), the levels being 0.49 microgram/g of hair and 0.10 microgram/ml of serum. It was also noted that there was no correlation between Se in hair and serum of the same individuals. Further work using larger samples is necessary to shed more light on these relationships. PMID- 7112095 TI - The effects of dissecting tools on the trace element concentrations of fish and mussel tissues. AB - A comparison of the effects of dissecting tools composed of various materials on the trace element content of the muscle of the marine bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix, and the soft tissues of freshwater mussels, Eliptio complanatus and Lampsilus radiata, is presented. The fish were dissected with blades made of stainless steel, Lexan plastic, titanium, and Teflon-coated stainless steel. The mussels were dissected with stainless and Teflon tools only. Elements measured included As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Se, Sn, Te, V, and Zn. Significant concentration differences (P = 0.01) were not found for any element in fish or mussel samples dissected by the different tools. PMID- 7112097 TI - Simultaneous determination of 20 elements in some human kidney and liver autopsy samples by inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. AB - The argon supported inductively coupled plasma--atomic emission spectrometer (ICP -AES) is found to be an attractive analytical tool for the simultaneous multi element determination of major, minor and trace elements in human liver and kidney specimens. The sample is digested with a mixture of HNO3--HClO4. The damp residue is taken up in HCl, aspirated into the plasma and the resulting emission signals are detected by a polychromator where the analytical lines of the 20 elements determined are included as fixed channels. The method is rapid, precise, sensitive, less subject to interferences and cost-effective. A total of 20 elements in about 40 autopsy samples of human kidney (cortex and medulla) and liver taken from Canadian adults living in the Great Lakes Region of Ontario were determined using the wet digestion-ICP--AES technique. PMID- 7112096 TI - Trace element concentration in the human pineal body. Activation analysis of cobalt, iron, rubidium, selenium, zinc, antimony and cesium. AB - 100 human pineal bodies (56 male and 44 females) were analyzed by means of instrumental neutron activation analysis for trace concentrations of cobalt, iron, rubidium, selenium, zinc, antimony and cesium. The results indicated that the measured element concentrations are not related to body-surface, age and fresh weight. Moreover, the mean absolute cobalt value from 97 pineal bodies is increased by a factor of 1.43 over the mean absolute concentration value of 257 other areas of the brain. The mean zinc content is found to be 3.7 fold higher than the mean zinc value from 269 other samples of brain. The iron values from various brain areas do not differ from those of the pineal body. Compared to other brain regions pineal selenium is increased and rubidium is decreased. Correlating the different element concentrations to each other, a positive correlation is found for selenium and ribidium, a negative correlation for cobalt and zinc. The present data suggest that the measured trace elements are somehow related to specific roles in the physiology and biochemistry of the pineal body. This is supported by the constancy of element concentration over a wide range of increasing fresh weights of the organ. It is considered that zinc, cobalt and iron are involved as constituents of enzymes in the metabolism of amino acids, peptides and proteins of the pineal body. Moreover the conspicuous high zinc content of this organ may be related to a so far undetected neurotransmitter. PMID- 7112098 TI - A "marker" technique to monitor treated industrial wastewater effluents. AB - In toxicological research with hazardous substances (e.g. carcinogens), wastewater effluent from the test facility must be free of such substances before discharge into the environment. An industrial wastewater processing employing adsorbers of carbon and XAD-2 resin is described; however, chemical assays of each batch of treated effluent must certify the absence of all test agents. Elution profiles and adsorption isotherm tests with the test agents vs. the two adsorbents provided the basis for a "marker" technique which should eliminate the necessity to assay for all test agents in each batch of processed effluent. A radionale is presented for periodic introduction of a "marker" (gentian violet) into the primary adsorbers. If detected in the effluent, the "marker", which elutes from the adsorbers before most of the test agents would signal impending depletion of the adsorbent which could then be replaced. Recommendations to modify the industrial wastewater treatment plant and to implement the "marker" technique are presented as cost-effective alternatives to extensive and laborious chemical assays. PMID- 7112099 TI - Correlation between T.S.P., F.S.P. and visibility in a high altitude city (Mexico City). AB - the metropolitan area of Mexico City is located in a high altitude basin (2 240 m above sea level) at a latitude of 19 degrees 26'13" North. It has a population of 15 million inhabitants, and the motor vehicles cruising in the city amount to 1.5 million and around 21% of the total industrial activity of the country is sited in the metropolitan area. All this activity has created an acute air pollution problem in the area which, as a direct result, has resulted in decreased visibility and possible health effects. PMID- 7112100 TI - Precautionary advice on the handling of used engine oils. Prepared by CONCAWE's Ad Hoc Group on Used Engine Oils. PMID- 7112102 TI - Applied biology in developing countries. PMID- 7112101 TI - OSHA policy on carcinogens. PMID- 7112103 TI - Thumbs down on use of defoliants in Amazon. PMID- 7112105 TI - On the origin of introns. PMID- 7112104 TI - Risk estimate vanishes from benzene report. PMID- 7112106 TI - Familial renal cell carcinoma with a 3;11 chromosome translocation limited to tumor cells. AB - Cytogenic studies were performed on the direct chromosome preparations of the renal cell carcinoma cells and the cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes of a patient with familial renal cell carcinoma. The results revealed a specific, acquired translocations (3p;11p) present in the majority of metaphases of the tumor, indicating that the development of renal cell carcinoma is associated with a deletion in the proximal end of 3p. Renal cell carcinoma is thus the third example--the first two being retinoblastoma and Wilms' tumor--of a chromosomal deletion occurring germinally or somatically in association with a specific tumor. This finding adds further support to the existence of specific human cancer genes. PMID- 7112108 TI - Initiation of endochondral calcification is related to changes in the redox state of hypertrophic chondrocytes. AB - The level of pyridine nucleotides (NADH and NAD+) in the mineralizing growth plate of the chick was ascertained by high-resolution scanning microfluorimetry and biochemical analysis. Scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy were used to relate the concentrations of NADH and NAD+ to stages of chondrocyte maturation. A dramatic increase was found in the relative concentration of reduced pyridine nucleotides in the hypertrophic zone. On either side of this zone, in proliferating and calcifying cartilage, there was a decrease in NADH fluorescence, and the NADH/NAD+ ratio was depressed. The finding that NADH accumulated in the tissue zone associated with the earliest deposition of bone mineral supports the hypothesis that a change in the redox state initiates tissue mineralization. PMID- 7112109 TI - Neuronal mapping: a photooxidation reaction makes Lucifer yellow useful for electron microscopy. AB - Irradiation Lucifer yellow-filled neurons with intense blue light in the presence of 3,3'-diaminobenzidine produces an electron-opaque osmiophilic polymer within the injected cells. This technique is valuable when cobalt or horseradish peroxidase injections are difficult or when a second intracellular marker is needed to demonstrate neuronal contacts. PMID- 7112107 TI - Subperiosteal expansion and cortical remodeling of the human femur and tibia with aging. AB - Increases with aging in subperiosteal dimensions and second moments of area (measures of bending and torsional rigidity) in femoral and tibial cross sections are documented in an archeological sample from the American Southwest. Significant differences between cross-sectional sites and between sexes in the pattern of cortical remodeling with age are also present. These differences appear to be related to variations in the stress or strain levels in different regions of the femur and tibia which result from in vivo mechanical loadings of the lower limb. PMID- 7112110 TI - [Release of gamma-aminobutyric acid from cat colon]. AB - The release of gamma-aminobutyric acid was confirmed in isolated cat colon loaded with tritiated gamma-aminobutyric acid. Thirty to 180 minutes after loading the spontaneous efflux of tritium appeared to fit a single exponential curve with an efflux rate coefficient of 0.002 per minute. Electrical stimulation produced frequency-dependent increases in the tritium efflux and in the contractions. Even 120 minutes later over 91 percent of the total radioactivity in the superfusates was attributable to tritiated gamma-aminobutyric acid. The acid release and the contractions induced by electrical transmural stimulation were inhibited by tetrodotoxin and by a calcium-free medium. Release of the acid was not significant during contractions elicited by nicotine and acetylcholine. These findings indicate that gamma-aminobutyric acid is released from the terminals of neurons in the myenteric plexus of the colon. PMID- 7112112 TI - General anesthetics hyperpolarize neurons in the vertebrate central nervous system. AB - The effect of general anesthetics on frog motoneurons and rat hippocampus pyramidal cells was examined with sucrose gap and intracellular recording, respectively. A number of volatile and intravenous anesthetics directly hyperpolarized the motoneurons. The potency of these agents in hyperpolarizing motoneurons was strongly correlated with their anesthetic potency. While the responses to barbiturates and alpha-chloralose were blocked by gamma-aminobutyric acid antagonists and were dependent on the chloride gradient, the responses to all the other anesthetics tested were generated by a separate mechanism. Intracellular recording from hippocampal pyramidal cells suggested that an increase in potassium conductance accounts for these responses. Such a nonsynaptic action would contribute to the decreased neuronal responsiveness observed for these compounds and thus to their anesthetic action. PMID- 7112111 TI - Intraneuronal aluminum accumulation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinsonism-dementia of Guam. AB - Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometry was used to analyze the elemental content of neurofibrillary tangle (NFT)-bearing and NFT free neurons within the Sommer's sector (H1 region) of the hippocampus in Guamanian Chamorros with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism-dementia and in neurologically normal controls. Preliminary data indicate prominent accumulation of aluminum within the nuclear region and perikaryal cytoplasm of NFT-bearing hippocampal neurons, regardless of the underlying neurological diagnosis. These findings further extend the association between intraneuronal aluminum and NFT formation and support the hypothesis that environmental factors are related to the neurodegenerative changes seen in the Chamorro population. PMID- 7112113 TI - Lizards infected with malaria: physiological and behavioral consequences. AB - In northern California, western fence lizards, Sceloporus occidentalis, are frequently parasitized by Plasmodium mexicanum, which causes malaria. Animals with this naturally occurring malarial infection are anemic: immature erythrocytes in peripheral blood become abundant (1 to 30 percent), and blood hemoglobin concentration decreases 25 percent. Maximal oxygen consumption decreases 15 percent and aerobic scope drops 29 percent in infected lizards; both correlate with blood hemoglobin concentration. Running stamina, but not burst running speed, is reduced in malarious lizards. There is a hierarchical relation between infection with malaria and effects on hematology, physiological function, and behavioral capacity. The results suggest that malarial infection may have significant effects on the ecology of lizard hosts. PMID- 7112115 TI - Grant funding. PMID- 7112114 TI - Information services. PMID- 7112116 TI - Biological diversity in metastatic neoplasms: origins and implications. AB - Whether neoplasms are unicellular or multicellular in their origin, the process of tumor evolution and progression can rapidly generate biological diversity. Metastases result from the survival and proliferation of specialized subpopulations of cells within the parent tumor. Metastases may have a clonal origin and different metastases may develop from different progenitor cells. However, as with the primary tumor, the origin of metastases is unimportant since the process of tumor evolution and progression can generate biological diversity within and among different metastatic foci. PMID- 7112117 TI - Education, science, and national economic competitiveness. PMID- 7112118 TI - Stanford doctors try Consulting Inc. PMID- 7112119 TI - How the brain controls birdsong. PMID- 7112120 TI - A sanguine future for biomaterials. PMID- 7112121 TI - Quantitative autoradiographic mapping of herpes simplex virus encephalitis with a radiolabeled antiviral drug. AB - 2'-Fluoro-5-methyl-l-beta-D-arabinosyluracil (FMAU) labeled with carbon-14 was used to image herpes simplex virus type 1-infected regions of rat brain by quantitative autoradiography. FMAU is a potent antiviral pyrimidine nucleoside which is selectively phosphorylated by virus-coded thymidine kinase. When the labeled FMAU was administered 6 hours before the rats were killed, the selective uptake and concentration of the drug and its metabolites by infected cells (defined by immunoperoxidase staining of viral antigens) allowed quantitative definition and mapping of HSV-1-infected structures in autoradiograms of brain sections. These results show that quantitative autoradiography can be used to characterize the local metabolism of antiviral drugs by infected cells in vivo. They also suggest that the selective uptake of drugs that exploit viral thymidine kinase for their antiviral effect can, by appropriate labeling, be used in conjunction with clinical neuroimaging techniques to define infected regions of human brain, thereby providing a new approach to the diagnosis of herpes encephalitis in man. PMID- 7112122 TI - Type II collagen autoimmunity in otosclerosis and Meniere's Disease. AB - Antibodies to collagen types I, II, and IV were measured in patients with otosclerosis and patients with Meniere's disease. Levels of antibodies to type II collagen were significantly higher in these patients than in control subjects, while no differences were found among levels of antibodies to collagen type I or type IV. These observations suggest a possible role for type II collagen autoimmunity in the etiology of otosclerosis and Meniere's disease. PMID- 7112123 TI - Gene transfer between eukaryotes. PMID- 7112124 TI - Living with water stress: evolution of osmolyte systems. AB - Striking convergent evolution is found in the properties of the organic osmotic solute (osmolyte) systems observed in bacteria, plants, and animals. Polyhydric alcohols, free amino acids and their derivatives, and combinations of urea and methylamines are the three types of osmolyte systems found in all water-stressed organisms except the halobacteria. The selective advantages of the organic osmolyte systems are, first, a compatibility with macromolecular structure and function at high or variable (or both) osmolyte concentrations, and, second, greatly reduced needs for modifying proteins to function in concentrated intracellular solutions. Osmolyte compatibility is proposed to result from the absence of osmolyte interactions with substrates and cofactors, and the nonperturbing or favorable effects of osmolytes on macromolecular-solvent interactions. PMID- 7112125 TI - Some effects of disconnecting the cerebral hemispheres. PMID- 7112126 TI - Fluorescence microscopy: reduced photobleaching of rhodamine and fluorescein protein conjugates by n-propyl gallate. AB - n-Prop]yl gallate (0.1 to 0.25 molar, in glycerol) reduces by a factor of 10 the rate of fading of fluorescence of cell structures labeled with tetramethylrhodamine or fluorescein-conjugated antibodies. Hence, prolonged photographic exposure of immunofluorescently labeled cells in the fluorescence microscope yields images with increased sensitivity, making feasible multiple data collection, as with serial optical sectioning. PMID- 7112127 TI - Bleb formation in hepatocytes during drug metabolism is caused by disturbances in thiol and calcium ion homeostasis. AB - A wide variety of toxic chemicals cause blebbing of the plasma membrane in isolated hepatocytes. These alterations in surface structure occur well before cell death. The formation of blebs appears to be directly related to changes in the concentration of extramitochondrial calcium ions. These changes probably reduce the ability of the hepatocyte cytoskeleton to maintain normal surface morphology. The concentration of soluble thiols, notably glutathione, appears to regulate the size of the extramitochondrial calcium ion pool. Disturbances in intracellular thiol and calcium ion homeostasis therefore seem to be responsible for the surface blebbing observed during toxic injury to isolated hepatocytes. PMID- 7112128 TI - Glycolipids in mammalian epidermis: structure and function in the water barrier. AB - In the epidermis of terrestrial vertebrates, lipid lamellae between the horny cells are thought to form a barrier to water loss. The lipids are extruded from living cells after assembly in lamellar granules. This assembly might be promoted by recently identified 1-(3'-O-acyl)-beta-D-glucosyl-N-(omega hydroxyacyl)sphingosines, which have 30- and 32-carbon hydroxy acids as amides and linoleic acid esterified to glucose. Such a role for these molecules could explain the effects of essential fatty acid deficiency, in which the lamellar granules fail to assemble and the barrier to water diffusion is lost. PMID- 7112129 TI - Cystine transport is defective in isolated leukocyte lysosomes from patients with cystinosis. AB - The activity of a cystine transport system in lysosomes prepared from the leukocytes of patients with cystinosis was found to be deficient. In normal subjects, this system was resistant to N-ethylmaleimide and demonstrated saturation kinetics. Lysosomes from individuals heterozygous for cystinosis demonstrated a reduced maximum velocity for cystine egress from lysosomes. The rate of cystine escape from normal lysosomes was enhanced by adenosine triphosphate. The availability of normal and mutant lysosomes provides a means of investigating mechanisms of amino acid transport across lysosomal membranes. PMID- 7112131 TI - Characterization of estrogen-concentrating hypothalamic neurons by their axonal projections. AB - A method combining steroid autoradiography and fluorescent dye retrograde neuroanatomical tracing has been devised. This method makes it possible to demonstrate that some estrogen-concentrating cells in the ventrolateral subdivision of the ventromedial nucleus of the rat hypothalamus are neurons that send axons to the dorsal midbrain. Other cells only concentrate estrogen or only project to the midbrain. Estrogen-concentrating neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus that project to the dorsal midbrain are likely to transmit hormone influenced signals that regulate circuits for reproductive or other behaviors or autonomic functions. PMID- 7112130 TI - Transmethylation of phosphatidylethanolamine: an initial event in embryonic chicken lens fiber cell differentiation. AB - Agents that induce differentiation of lens epithelial cells into lens fiber cells in vitro transiently stimulate the transmethylation of phosphatidylethanolamine. Inhibition of transmethylation by 3-deazaadenosine results in a corresponding inhibition of the cell elongation that characterizes lens fiber formation, suggesting that phospholipid methylation plays an essential role in the differentiation of these cells. PMID- 7112132 TI - Enhancement of sexual behavior in female rats by neonatal transplantation of brain tissue from males. AB - Transplantation of preoptic tissue from male rat neonates into the preoptic area of female littermates increased masculine and feminine sexual behavior in the recipients during adulthood. This suggests that functional connections develop between the transplanted neural tissue and the host brain. A new intraparenchymal brain transplantation technique was used to achieve these results. PMID- 7112133 TI - Introduction: leukemia and lymphoma. PMID- 7112134 TI - Management of end stage renal disease (ESRD) -- the debate continues. PMID- 7112135 TI - The use of a reflectance colorimeter, calibrated with low range standards, in the diagnosis of hypoglycaemia in neonates. PMID- 7112136 TI - Preliminary experience with enflurane. PMID- 7112137 TI - Intracranial abscess due to Streptococcus milleri: a report of seven cases. PMID- 7112138 TI - Fungal keratitis -- a case report of Aspergillus infection of the cornea. PMID- 7112139 TI - Cavernous haemangioma of the liver -- a case report. PMID- 7112140 TI - Medical rehabilitation. PMID- 7112142 TI - A comparative study of the patello-femoral joint on axial roentgenogram, axial arthrogram, and computed tomography following arthrography. AB - After arthrography 71 young patients with pain in the knee had a computed tomography (CT) examination. The form of the patella is classified according to the method of Wiberg [12] and on CT 50% of them do not correspond to the type described on the axial roentgenogram. The position of the patella can be examined on CT with a relaxed knee in 15 degrees of flexion. The patellar cartilage is easier to assess on CT: congruity, regularity, imbibition of contrast material and thickness are studied. PMID- 7112141 TI - Carcinomatous osteodysplasia. PMID- 7112143 TI - The value of computed tomography scanning in chondromalacia patellae. AB - Sixty seven patients with pain in the knee were studied. A compound tomography (CT) score indicating chondromalacia was devised, based on the results of CT after arthrography. This score takes account of the regularity, the congruity, and the imbibition of contrast material. Thus the patients could be divided into four groups: those who definitely have chondromalacia (++), probably (+), probably not (+/-), and definitely not (-). These results were compared with the clinical diagnosis based on clinical signs, arthroscopy, or operation. Eighteen patients had clinically proved chondromalacia, CT scored 14++, 3+ and 1+/-. Twenty nine patients had no chondromalacia, CT scored 19-, 8+/-, and 2+. Twenty patients had an uncertain clinical diagnosis. Arthrography was less accurate in detecting chondromalacia. PMID- 7112144 TI - Accuracy of double-contrast arthrography and arthroscopy of the knee joint. PMID- 7112145 TI - Computed tomography of stress fracture. AB - An athletic young female developed gradual onset of pain in the right leg. Plain radiographs demonstrated solid periosteal reaction in the tibia compatible with stress fracture. She stopped sport activities but her pain continued. Follow-up radiographs of the tibia revealed changes suspicious for osteoid osteoma. Computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated periosteal reaction, but in addition, lucent fracture lines in the tibial cortex were evident. CT obviated the need for more invasive diagnostic procedures in this patient. In selected cases CT may be useful to confirm the diagnosis of stress fracture when plain radiographic or routine tomographic studies are not diagnostic. PMID- 7112146 TI - Computed tomography in the evaluation of a congenital absent lumbar pedicle. PMID- 7112147 TI - Primary infantile hyperparathyroidism: clinical, laboratory, and radiographic features in 21 cases. AB - Two cases of primary infantile hyperparathyroidism (PIH) are reported. In both cases the diagnosis was initially suspected from chest radiographs which were obtained to assess the etiology of fever and respiratory distress in one case and heart murmur in another. The first case responded well to subtotal parathyroidectomy. The second case had many unique features. (1) She never became overtly symptomatic. (2) She displayed a constellation of findings that are not yet emphasized. (3) Her indisputable radiographic findings of hyperparathyroidism vanished spontaneously by two months of age, whereas her biochemical alteration have persisted up to now, 2 1/2 years after birth. (4) There members of her family have subclinical hyperparathyroidism (elevated serum parathormone, hypercalcemia, and hypophosphatemia). Our review of 19 more cases showed that PIH has no specific clinical symptoms and/or signs. Of the laboratory findings, hypercalcemia was most consistently encountered. The radiographic findings, although not identical to those described in hyperparathyroid adults, had the greatest diagnostic specificity. The disorder carried a grave prognosis if not diagnosed promptly and managed surgically. PMID- 7112148 TI - Gout in the spine and sacro-iliac joints: radiological manifestations. AB - It is well known that deposits of urates in soft tissues occur commonly in gout, particularly in para-articular areas and in articular cartilages of the limbs. Involvement of the spine and sacro-iliac joints by such deposits, however, has been regarded as being relatively unusual and has attracted little attention in the literature. As we were impressed by the frequency of episodes of acute back pain in our patients with gouty arthritis, established definitely on clinical and biochemical grounds, we undertook a radiological investigation of the spine and sacro-iliac joints in a series of 54 subjects. It was suspected that their episodes of pain were clinical manifestations of gout, and 12 of the group had suffered one or more attacks. Of these 12 subjects, eight were found to have radiological abnormalities. In six subjects, evidence of sacro-iliitis was demonstrated, which is comparable to the report of Resnick and Reinke [8], and in two patients vertebral lesions corresponded to those describe by Jaffe [5]. Hyperostotic spondylosis was present in no fewer than 29 of the series. Although lacking histological confirmation of the lesions demonstrated radiologically, we believe that our suspicions have been confirmed. PMID- 7112149 TI - The exaggerated supine oblique view of the cervical spine. AB - The technique of the 60 degree supine oblique view is described together with anatomic skeletal studies of this projection. The view is convenient for emergency room radiography and useful in other clinical radiography. The view separates widely the anterior and posterior portions of the vertebrae in a side to side projection. This makes for an elongated but detailed view of the articular processes, pedicles, and intervertebral foramina. In the cadaver specimen and clinically the view is shown to be useful in delineating fracture deformities of the articular process and visualizing constriction of the intervertebral foramen superiorly. Encroachment of the foramen superiorly is likely to compromise the emerging nerve root in this area. PMID- 7112150 TI - The anatomic basis for localized occipital thinning: a normal anatomic variant. PMID- 7112152 TI - Case report 198. Giant cell tumor of manubrium. PMID- 7112151 TI - A new finding in the radiographic diagnosis of achilles tendon rupture. PMID- 7112153 TI - Case report 199. Eosinophilic granuloma of the right third metacarpal. PMID- 7112154 TI - Case report 200. Osteoma of the sphenoidal sinus. PMID- 7112157 TI - Selective primary health care: old wine in new bottles. PMID- 7112155 TI - Case report 201. Primary lymphoma of bone (PLB)--left fibula. PMID- 7112158 TI - The measurement of distance when testing hypothesis of contagion. PMID- 7112156 TI - Case report 202. Engelmann disease of bone (diaphyseal dysplasia) with bilateral shortened fibulae. PMID- 7112159 TI - Tubal sterilization. Characteristics of women most affected by the option of reversibility. AB - In order to determine the types of women whose sterilization decisions would be most affected by the option of reversibility, responses from 1074 randomly selected ob-gyn patients, concerning eventual intention to undergo permanent and hypothetically reversible procedures, were analyzed. Cross-tabulation of the dependent variables with a wide array of socio-demographic and attitudinal characteristics was followed by discriminant function analysis in order to determine which variables had the greatest independent impact on sterilization decisions. Particular attention was given to the shift from initial rejection of sterilization, when permanent, to its acceptance, when reversible. Intention to eventually undergo permanent sterilization is most significantly associated with intention to have no more children, Friends with positive experience with tubal sterilization and educational level other than a Bachelor's degree. Response change among initial rejectors of permanent sterilization is most strongly associated with mixed feelings regarding abortion, age under 35, and dissatisfaction with or ambivalence toward last contraceptive method used. Response change, using the total sample as a base, is most significantly associated with mixed feelings toward abortion, age under 35, and intention to have or unsure about having more children. These variables suggest that reversible sterilization, although important to all sub-groups, is likely to become a solution for women who are ambivalent toward abortion and is most important to those women likely to experience future fertility, including unwanted births. PMID- 7112160 TI - The impact of patients perceptions of high blood pressure on attendance at screening, An extension of the Health Belief Model. AB - This study is concerned with a neglected area: the synthesis of two approaches relevant to health-related behaviour-the Health Belief Model and Attribution Theory. A prospective design was used to test the combination of health beliefs and causal attributions that predispose patients to attend a screening for raised blood pressure. It was proposed that causal attributions concerning high blood pressure (HBP) would (i) affect other health beliefs, (iii) would act in conjunction with health beliefs in relation to actual behaviour and (iii) might show, in some cases, a more direct influence on behaviour and behavioural intention. One hundred and three adults responded to the questionnaire. Multivariate analyses were used to discriminate between the characteristics of attenders and non-attenders. The general prediction was confirmed: overall, eight factors comparing both HBM and attributional items produced a highly significant discrimination. A correlational analysis revealed a variety of linear relationships between HBM-items and causal attributions. Much of the variance in attendance was accounted for by the intention variable, and multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the determinants or intention, as a significant intervening factor between beliefs and behaviour. Participation bias limits the generalisability of these findings. The potential significance of causal attribution as predictors of both health beliefs and behaviour is nevertheless apparent. The implications of such a synthesis of approaches are discussed in terms of psychological theory and health education. PMID- 7112161 TI - The health of the urban black in the South African context. PMID- 7112162 TI - The use of unorthodox therapies and marginal practitioners. AB - This study examines the extent of utilization of unorthodox therapies and marginal practitioners among patients with one broad category of chronic disease, rheumatic disorders. Almost all respondents (94%) had tried some unorthodox remedy or practitioner, and several had used 13 different unorthodox remedies or practitioners. There was no relationship between age, sex, race, geographic location and magnitude of usage of treatments. There was no statistically significant relationship between education and income and amount of usage, although there was some variation by income group in which unorthodox remedies were employed. Thus, this study provides evidence that some elements of folk medicine practice continue to exist among most segments of the American population and this issue deserves further research. An important role for medical sociologists is to examine disease and disease treatment from the perspectives of the lay culture, as well as that of the medical community. PMID- 7112163 TI - Man-made lakes and man-made diseases. Towards a policy resolution. AB - Throughout the tropical world, in Africa. Asia and Latin America, the construction of water impoundments, for irrigation and other purposes. in areas of endemic water-related diseases, has inexorably intensified community levels of infection, and also created new areas of transmission. The clearest 'indicator' disease is a schistosomiasis, but other are involved such as malaria and the filariases. An assessment for the future suggests a worsening situation because of population growth, the demand for food production, and the increased technological capacity of the "bulldozer revolution' to effect earth impoundments. The typical sectoral dichotomy in which a department of agriculture creates a disease outbreak through its development activity, leaving its counterpart department of public health to cope on he curative basis, where possible, is strongly deplored. A policy position is offered whereby disease prevention measures are integrated with development projects from the beginning, and infrastructural investment and operational costs for health maintenance are identified and incorporated in the total benefit-cost analysis. The need for the communications network on ecological and health effects is pointed out; and a typology for registration of dams is offered in support of policy implementation. PMID- 7112164 TI - A spatial analysis of voting on health care issues. United States House of Representatives, 86th Congress, First Session. AB - This study examines the spatial patterns of congressional voting on health issues. Thirteen roll call votes on health care issues occurring during the 1st Session of the 96th Congress are factor analyzed. This analysis shows that health care questions cluster around two major issues: health care regulation and health care spending. The factor scores for each Representative are mapped, and a regression model is developed relating health care voting to characteristics of the Representative, the Congressional district, and the hospitals in that district. The most important findings were: (1) support for both health care spending and regulation is strongest in the Northeast and upper Midwest. (2) Although Representatives from most of the Southern states are opposed to health care regulation, they generally favor health care spending. (3) Representatives from a few of the Southern states, however, do not fit this generalization. (4) Although Representatives from the Pacific Coast states are the strongest proponents of regulation, they are opposed to spending (5) Opposition to health care spending is particularly strong among Representatives from suburban districts. PMID- 7112165 TI - Research on psychotropic drug use. A review of findings and methods. AB - Studies of licit psychotropic drugs, utilizing a variety of methodologies, which have been conducted in the United States, Australia, Canada and Europe (including the United Kingdom) are examined to describe the prevalence and patterns of use of these drugs. While no directly comparable, consistent patterns emerge both nationally and internationally, with notably higher use recorded among women and the elderly, and where identifiable, minor tranquillizers generally being the most commonly prescribed psychotropic. The necessity of moving beyond the level of quantitative data analysis in order to provide insights into the processes influencing current drug-prescribing and consumption practices is pointed out. Recommendations are made for future research directions which would address questions of the potential social and public health consequences of drug consumption, matters of particular interest to policy makers. The various methods employed in psychotropic drug use studies are described and evaluated in terms of their advantages and their appropriateness for future investigations utilizing this public health approach. PMID- 7112168 TI - Incidents of reality: sources of ontological stress and concern. AB - This study provided initial data on the hierarchical order among various existential-ontological stresses; compared these stresses to Spielberger Trait vs State anxiety; and, examined these stresses with respect to Eysenck's extraversion and neuroticism dimensions as well as Eysenck's social favorability response bias. Death in the immediate family emerged as the highest ranked items on the 69 open-ended item scale. Data on 139 males, 244 females, plus 4 individuals without recorded gender (median age approx. 29.5 years) indicated little overlap as well as little difference between State and Trait anxiety measures. Approximately one-eighth of the correlations between the Incidents of Reality items and both the Eysenck and Spielberger scales were statistically significant though all were of slight magnitude. Data were further compared for correspondence to the Holmes-Rahe Social Readjustment Rating Scale. For the nine items judged as common, the Spearman rank-order correlation (rho = 0.867) indicated support for the cross-reliability of the two scales. Overall, stress to ontological issues is both positive and negative in direction. A number of points based on these findings are discussed with reference to various conceptions in ontology. PMID- 7112167 TI - An analysis of lung cancer on a microgeographical level. AB - Mortality from cancers of the lung-bronchus-trachea show large variations in geographical distribution within the United States. Jefferson County, Kentucky shows significantly high mortality rates for this type of cancer. The focus of this study was to divide the country into small homogeneious areas to determine if there are geographical variations of mortality within the county as a whole. The results indicate that two areas of the county consistently show excess mortality for this particular type of cancer. Several possible explanations of the variations within the county are also explored. PMID- 7112166 TI - Philippine nurses and the brain drain. AB - The Philippines has been one of the greatest exporters of professional personnel to the United States, and nurses outnumber any other category. Although some problems have been reported, their experience in the United States has been generally good. A comparison of samples of Filipino nurses who never left the Philippines with those who had either remained for a long time in the United States or who had remained to the U.S. after a short period found little difference in socioeconomic background. Nurses remaining for long periods in the United States did receive lower scores on scales designed to test anchorage and perceived relative opportunities in the Philippines. The supply of Philippine nurses is growing and migration will continue at a high level if U.S. immigration policies permit. PMID- 7112169 TI - Lay evaluation of medical treatment and competence development of a model of the function of the physician's affective behavior. PMID- 7112170 TI - Institutional structures: catalysts of or barriers to quality care for the institutionalized aged in Scotland and the U.S. AB - The care of the elderly in two long-term care institutions, one in Scotland and one in the United States, is described, compared, and analyzed. In Scotland three institutional structures, the National Health Service, the Geriatric Service, and the specialty of geriatrics are identified as catalysts of quality care. In the U.S. Medicare and Medicaid, the absence of geriatrics as a specialty, and the nursing home are identified as barriers to quality care for the institutionalized aged. The findings suggest that three components, an adequate government insurance program, professionals who specialize in the care of the aged, and a structure to provide continuing comprehensive care, are essential for a successful program of care for the institutionalized elderly. PMID- 7112171 TI - The neurology of poverty. AB - An intellectual deficit is known to exist in populations where extreme poverty is rife and is thus seen extensively in the lower socio-economic strata of underdeveloped nations. Poverty is a complex entity whose sociological and economic indicators often bear little relevance to the biological agents which can affect the central nervous system. An attempt is made to express poverty in terms of identifiable defects, physiological in nature. Thus adverse socio economic factors are converted into specific biological entities which, though necessary for adequate development of the brain, are restricted where there is poverty. A number of causative deficiencies, including nutritional, visual, auditory, tactile, vestibular, affective, and other stimuli are postulated. These interact and potentiate one another. Each is capable of an independent action on the brain and examples are given of some sensory deprivations as well as malnutrition and their possible mechanism of action. If the various deficiencies can independently harm the brain, then a number of separate specific functions should be affected; examples are offered. The nature of this intellectual deficit is probably a non-fulfillment of genetic potential of certain specific functions of the brain, which may exhibit limited variations between one community and another, depending on cultural differences. The deleterious effect of this intellectual impairment is seen most clearly in figures of school desertion, for example in Latin America. Analogous data for adults is scarce. PMID- 7112172 TI - Professional socialization in dentistry. A longitudinal analysis of attitude changes among dental students towards the dental profession. AB - In a longitudinal study conducted as part of a broad project dealing with socialization of health professionals in Israel, it was observed that during the course of professional socialization several major transformations occur in the dental student's image of the 'competent' dentist and in his self-image as a professional. Although students initially emphasized people-oriented traits as important to the competent dentist, this emphasis gradually decreased as their professional socialization advanced, concomitant with an increase in importance placed on status-oriented traits. The people-oriented elements likewise decreased in importance with regard to the student's self-image as professionals as they became more accustomed to professional reality. The correlation between these variables indicates the changes occurring in the students' acceptance or rejection of various aspects of their chosen profession throughout their years of study. PMID- 7112173 TI - The contribution of social science to international health training. AB - Today the comprehensive scope of many international health programs calls for personnel--planners, educators, researchers, and practitioners--trained in a wide range of health related areas. This article explores the contributions which social science knowledge and skills can make to such training. First, it documents the growing importance of social science in international health and delineates several topical areas--ecological, political-economic, socio-cultural, and organizational--where a social science perspective can be particularly useful. Next, it discusses strategies for developing a curriculum that will integrate relevant social science material into health care training. These include the selection of appropriate training staff and the development of competency-based curricula based upon actual work situations. Finally, the article describes specific 'experiential' training techniques which can be employed in the classroom as well as in the field to achieve program objectives. PMID- 7112174 TI - Effect of modernization on Kuwaiti women. AB - This research explores the effects of rapid modernization on women who, on one hand, have new educational and occupational opportunities and, on the other hand, still confront conservative societal restrictions based on Middle Eastern norms and values. The setting is the Sheikdom of Kuwait, symbolizing a traditional society that has been recently catapulted into the 20th century through its rapid increase in wealth. Such sudden wealth, with ensuing modernization, is expected to have more profound effects on women because of their paradoxical world with its conflicting norms and values. This study explores the relationship between a number of modernization variables--levels of education and occupation--on potential stress. Indicators for stress used are based on Inkeles' cross-cultural studies and psychosomatic complaints. In addition, the study considered levels of powerlessness, happiness and decision making in the family. Spearman correlations and Kendall's Tau were used to determine relationships. Results indicate that women who have obtained more education tend to participate significantly more in decision making in the family (P less than 0.0001), be happier (P less than 0.000), manifest fewer psychosomatic complaints (P less than 0.05), and be older in age. The younger generation, with less education, appears to manifest more somatic complaints. The manuscript discusses results in relation to Inkeles' previous cross-cultural research on men and implication of findings on changing roles of women in Kuwait. PMID- 7112175 TI - Drug use in separated/divorced persons. Gender, parental status, and socio economic status. AB - The purpose of this research was to explore drug use in a group of 49 separated/divorced persons. We differentiated between nonprescribed, prescribed psychotropic drugs, and other prescribed drugs. The research technique consisted of 3-h in-depth interviews. The independent variables were gender, socio-economic status, and the subjects' own parental status. Contrary to earlier studies, we found a higher drug use among men than women. Combinations of gender with socio economic status followed different drug use patterns. Higher-status custodial mothers and custodial fathers had the lowest drug use. These results are explored within the framework of gender role atypicality, and suggest that intra-sex variations may be more meaningful to research than broad comparisons between men and women. PMID- 7112176 TI - The work of hospitalized patients. AB - Patient's participation in their own care, conceived as work, is the central theme of this paper. A second theme is the patients' work in relation to technology. A third is: the prevalence of chronic illness and how this relates to patients' work in the service of their own care. Data are from a multi-hospital field-research and interviewing study of technology and patients care, carried out in San Francisco and the Bay Area, California. Questions addressed in this paper include the following: What are the sources of patients' work? What types of work do patients do? How does that work relate to courses of illness and the phases? What is the relation of that work to staff work? Under what conditions is the work visible or invisible to staff? Under what conditions is the work appreciated or not by staff? What are some consequences of patient work for staff work, for the management of the courses of illness, and for the patients' own medical and biographical fates? How does patient work at the hospital relate to patient work done at home? PMID- 7112177 TI - Social, spatial and political determinants of U.S. abortion rates. AB - Abortion rates in the United States have risen annually since the 1973 Supreme Court decision. The regions with the greatest rate increases are the Southern and Plains states; the lowest rate increases were in regions which had high abortion rates soon after abortion was legalized. While spatial contiguity appears to influence abortion rates, that is, states with high rates of abortion are clustered spatially, social and political influence are also evident. Ratification of the equal rights amendment, the seeking of abortion outside the state of residence, and the degree of urbanization within a state are variables which influenced U.S. abortion rates between 1973 and 1977. PMID- 7112178 TI - Periosteal chondroma. PMID- 7112179 TI - Mesothelioma of the male genital tract in a patient with Maffucci's syndrome. PMID- 7112180 TI - Polycythemia vera occurring in two brothers. PMID- 7112181 TI - Milk of calcium ureterocele. PMID- 7112182 TI - Temporal arteritis presenting with jaw claudication and normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate. AB - We have described a case of sudden blindness of the right eye in an 81-year-old white woman with a one-month history of increasingly severe jaw claudication and a normal Westergren sedimentation rate. Isolated jaw claudication in the elderly is of diagnostic importance, and the need for temporal artery biopsy and rapid institution of high-dose steroid therapy to prevent blindness is emphasized. PMID- 7112183 TI - Bezoar within a hiatal hernia. PMID- 7112185 TI - Lack of cross-allergenicity between tricyclic antidepressants. PMID- 7112184 TI - Long-term hemodialysis in a patient with primary amyloidosis, renal failure, and a vascular necrosis of the femoral heads. AB - A 38-year-old woman had polyarthralgia, proteinuria, and intractable diarrhea. Biopsy of the synovium, and intractable diarrhea. Biopsy of the synovium, rectal mucosa, and kidney revealed abundant deposition of amyloid, and the diagnosis of primary amyloidosis was made. The joint symptoms and diarrhea subsequently subsided, but her renal function progressively deteriorated. Maintenance hemodialysis was started 3 1/2 years later and was successfully continued for five years without major complications except for osteonecrosis of the femoral heads. Her Brescia shunt, however, failed frequently until a polytetraflouroethylene shunt was installed. Although the prognosis of primary amyloidosis and renal failure is poor, our case illustrates that persistent remission of the extrarenal symptoms can take place and that these patients can be successfully maintained by hemodialysis. PMID- 7112186 TI - Branhamella catarrhalis pneumonia. PMID- 7112190 TI - Dermoid cyst of the soft palate. PMID- 7112189 TI - Primary actinomycosis of the pericardium. PMID- 7112187 TI - Clostridium paraputrificum bacteremia associated with aspiration pneumonia. PMID- 7112188 TI - Mesenteric lipodystrophy presenting as an acute abdomen. PMID- 7112191 TI - Congenital tracheoesophageal fistula in an adult. PMID- 7112192 TI - Clostridium septicum infections and malignancy. PMID- 7112193 TI - Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7112194 TI - Aortovenous fistulas due to ruptured infrarenal aortic aneurysms: experience with six cases. AB - A review of patients undergoing aortic aneurysmectomy between 1970 and 1979 at the Emory University Hospital and the Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center disclosed six patients with aortovenous fistulas. Four fistulas were aorta to vena cava; one, aorta to left renal vein; and one, aorta to left iliac vein. Four of the arteriovenous fistulas were identified preoperatively. In another patient the symptoms and signs were masked by concomitant retroperitoneal rupture of the aneurysm. The final patient was asymptomatic preoperatively, but had an occluded fistula discovered at operation when laminated thrombus was removed from the wall of the aneurysm. One patient died while being prepared for operation; five were operated upon and survived. Successful management of this problem is contingent upon preoperative recognition, careful manipulation of the aneurysm with endoaneurysmal closure of the fistula, and judicious perioperative fluid management. PMID- 7112195 TI - Catheter-associated septic thrombophlebitis. AB - The clinical presentation and results of management of septic thrombophlebitis in 35 patients over a seven-year period are reviewed. There were 25 men and ten women; 20 patients were over age 50. At diagnosis, fever was present in 33 patients (94%), and 33 (94%) had local signs of inflammation. Pus was expressed from the infusion site in 25 patients (71%). All patients had plastic catheters, with 95% present longer than 48 hours. Klebsiella-Enterobacter was the dominant organism both at the infusion site and in the blood. All patients had surgical excision of the infected vein, followed in 60% by rapid lysis of fever. Other infections were responsible for persistent fever after total excision. Septic thrombophlebitis is best prevented by strict asepsis in catheter placement and rotation of infusion sites every 48 hours. Total excision of the infected vein remains the treatment of choice. PMID- 7112196 TI - Metastasis from squamous cell skin cancer of the extremities. AB - In a series of patients with localized squamous cell skin cancer treated at a cancer center, the incidence of metastasis was 1.4%. A premalignant condition, including thermal burns and irradiation dermatitis, was found in 30% of those patients, and 28% had multiple primary skin cancers. Forty-two of the 106 patients with metastasis had experienced local treatment failures, suggesting that such patients may be at greater risk of metastasis. In all but one instance of metastasis occurring from squamous cell skin cancer of the extremities, the regional lymph nodes were involved. Despite aggressive therapy, the five-year survival of patients with nodal metastasis was only 39%. Extracapsular spread of nodal disease was of grave significance. Based on the experience with metastatic squamous cell skin cancer of the head and neck, it is proposed to evaluate the adjunctive use of preoperative or postoperative irradiation and surgery in the treatment of metastatic squamous cell cancer of the skin of the extremities. Careful follow-up of patients with squamous cell skin cancer is necessary, and the lethal potential for recurrence and regional metastasis must be recognized. PMID- 7112197 TI - Management of wooden foreign bodies in the orbit. AB - Three large wooden foreign bodies were undetected in the orbit despite extensive evaluation and orbital exploration. In two cases there was motility disturbance from orbital inflammation that resolved after late spontaneous extrusion of the foreign material. Recurrent fistula unresponsive to antibiotics persisted in two cases until the wood extruded. Computerized tomography and ultrasonography failed to identify the foreign material. Orbital exploration without preoperative localization of the foreign body is usually contraindicated because proptosis, motility limitation, and fistula usually resolve after late spontaneous extrusion. In our cases and in the literature early exploration did not lead to complete extirpation of foreign material. We inform the patient of our diagnostic limitations and the prudence of conservative management. PMID- 7112198 TI - Reoperation for failure of portoenterostomy. AB - Over a four-year period, 18 children with biliary atresia have required portoenterostomy. Either because of failure of initial biliary output or failure to resume output after an episode of ascending cholangitis, reoperation on the portoenterostomy was performed in ten patients. Each of the patients had essentially no output before curettage. Seven of them are now long-term jaundice free survivors; two did not respond to curettage and died, and one responded initially but subsequently ceased output and also died. PMID- 7112199 TI - Colonic atony in association with sigmoid volvulus: its role in recurrence of obstructive symptoms. AB - We reviewed a 30-year experience in management of 129 patients with 163 acute obstructions due to sigmoid volvulus. Recurrent obstruction of the colon was observed in 47 (or 45%) of 104 patients who survived their initial obstructive episode: 61% after rectal tube insertion, 45% after detorsion, 33% after sigmoid plication, and 21% despite sigmoid colectomy. Subsequent barium enema or surgical exploration showed true sigmoid volvulus to be the cause of recurrent obstruction in 36 of 47 patients, while atonic bowel, involving the sigmoid alone or more proximal colon as well, was responsible for the other 11 recurrent obstructions. Sigmoid excision was corrective only if bowel atony was limited to that portion of the colon. Only more extensive colectomy, so as to include all flaccid colon, consistently obviated recurrence. Failure to recognize functional obstruction accounted for five of the 25 total deaths. PMID- 7112201 TI - Medical illness in psychiatric patients: barriers to diagnosis and treatment. AB - We report a study of 102 consecutive admissions to the acute medical care unit of a large psychiatric hospital. The study was designed to investigate the epidemiology and the barriers to diagnosis and treatment of medical illness among female psychiatric inpatients. The majority of the patients were transferred to the unit because of nonspecific changes in physical condition or for behavioral differences. More than 70% of the patients were unable to communicate adequately with the physician. Ninety-two percent of the sample were found to have at least one with an average of three previously undiagnosed physical diseases not predicted by their symptoms on referral. We advocate a high index of suspicion of physical disease in the psychiatric population, and recommend an aggressive multidisciplinary diagnostic and therapeutic approach. PMID- 7112202 TI - Isorhythmic atrioventricular dissociation during enflurane anesthesia. AB - Isorhythmic atrioventricular dissociation occurs in a substantial number of patients undergoing enflurane anesthesia. It causes a decrease in the systemic blood pressure that may be detrimental especially in patients with poor cardiac reserve. The most satisfactory method treating this arrhythmia is to discontinue enflurane and substitute another anesthetic agent. PMID- 7112200 TI - Total hip arthroplasty: review of long-term results in 185 cases. AB - Review of 185 consecutive Muller total hip arthroplasties five to nine years after operation showed that 14 patients had died and that three deaths were directly related to the surgery. Of these, 37 patients (54 hips) could not be located and were excluded. Another patient, nonambulatory for an unrelated cause, was also excluded. A total of 126 hips in 104 patients were available for clinical and roentgenographic examinations with a minimal follow-up of five years. The final result was excellent in 70%, good in 10%, fair in 5%, and poor in 15%. One deep infection required removal of the prosthesis. There was no sciatic nerve injury. Five hips dislocated postoperatively and six others had recurrent subluxation. Replacement of the acetabular component was required in four hips, three because of loosening and the other for malposition in association with paraparesis. Trochanteric osteotomy was done in nine hips and four failed to unite. There was roentgenographic evidence of femoral component loosening in 28% of the hips and 8% required replacement. Poor cement filling and varus positioning of the femoral stem contributed to loosening. PMID- 7112203 TI - Cimetidine and acetylcysteine as antidote for acetaminophen overdose. AB - The incidence of acetaminophen overdose, often resulting in hepatotoxicity or even death, steadily increases as its use (instead of aspirin) as an antipyretic and analgesic increases. Acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity is though to be dependent on the dose ingested and the activity of the cytochrome P450 enzyme system. The actual hepatotoxic mechanism is believed to be the formation of a toxic tissue arylating metabolite(s). Current therapy attempts to inactivate this toxic metabolite(s) with acetylcysteine, as opposed to inhibiting its production. Because cimetidine can inhibit the cytochrome P450 mixed-function oxidase system, we believe it could decrease the production of the hepatotoxic acetaminophen metabolite(s) providing an effective antidote to be used in conjunction with acetylcysteine. PMID- 7112204 TI - Malaria in pregnancy. AB - Recent evidence suggests an increasing incidence of malaria among the civilian population of the United States. The effects of malaria in pregnancy can be serious to both mother and fetus. We present four patients with malaria during pregnancy and review the charts of 18 additional patients with malaria (two of whom were pregnant) in order to familiarize the reader with the general clinical picture. The currently recommended chemoprophylaxis and treatment are outlined. PMID- 7112205 TI - Comparison of filtration leukapheresis and centrifugation leukapheresis in treatment of lymphosarcoma cell leukemia. AB - A patient with lymphosarcoma cell leukemia resistant to chemotherapy was treated with filtration leukapheresis and centrifugation leukapheresis. Filtration leukapheresis removed only 10(11) leukemia cells per 8.5 liters of blood processed, while centrifugation leukapheresis removed approximately six times as many leukemia cells from the same amount of blood. Lymph nodes and spleen diminished in size and the WBC count decreased after nine treatments. However, the patient remained markedly thrombocytopenic, and his bone marrow remained infiltrated with lymphosarcoma cells on repeat biopsy. This study shows that centrifugation leukapheresis is superior to filtration leukapheresis in removing significant numbers of circulating lymphosarcoma cells, though the clinical benefit of leukapheresis in this situation remains to be determined. PMID- 7112206 TI - Acoustic neuroma: experience with clinical diagnosis. PMID- 7112207 TI - Reactions of families to the death of a child with congenital heart disease. AB - We interviewed 57 parents of 33 children who died of congenital heart disease to obtain their descriptions and perceptions of their own grief. Irrespective of the child's age or length of illness, the parents consistently described a grief reaction characterized by an initial period of shock lasting hours to several weeks which evolved into a four- to six-month period of sadness/depression with somatic complaints, which slowly progressed to resolution through acceptance. No parent described symptoms of pathologic grief. Only four of 33 surviving siblings demonstrated recognizable problems at the time of follow-up. There was physician follow-up of 15 families; only two families received follow-up from local physicians, even though nine children died at home or in community hospitals. All parents expected follow-up and accepted it when offered. Specific follow-up recommendations are made. PMID- 7112208 TI - Terminal liver disease in a patient with alcoholism and anemia. PMID- 7112209 TI - Effect of immune serum on Brugia malayi microfilaria: ultra structural observations. AB - The in vitro effect of immune monkey serum on microfilariae of Brugia malayi was investigated using the electron microscope. The sheaths of microfilaria incubated with immune serum were seen to be covered with electron dense precipitates. After 24 hours of incubation, majority of microfilariae incubated with immune serum exhibited degenerative changes. Comparable changes were not seen in microfilariae incubated with normal serum. The significance of these observations are discussed. PMID- 7112210 TI - Transient, acquired glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Thai children with typhoid fever. AB - Seventy nine children with typhoid fever were studied, 45 were males and 34 were females. There were 9 out of 45 males patients (20%) who had definite G-6-PD deficiency of whom 3 had acute intravascular hemolysis. The rest of the patients had transient low enzyme activity during the first few weeks of their illness, with reticulocytopenia. Their G-6-PD activities rose up to normal level later in the course of the disease while the reticulocytes were also increased. This study demonstrated that even in normal G-6-PD subjects, typhoid fever can cause transient, acquired low G-6-PD level due to bone marrow suppression. It was suggested from this study that quantitative G-6-PD assay was more useful and sensitive than the screening method and that long term follow up is needed in the case that had unexplained low G-6-PD activity. PMID- 7112211 TI - Glycolytic enzymes in juvenile and adult Angiostrongylus cantonensis. AB - In extracts of adult Angiostrongylus cantonensis, the activities of enzymes including glucokinase, phosphoglucoisomerase, phosphofructokinase, aldolase, triosepho sphate isomerase, glyceraldehydephosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerokinase, phosphoglyceromutase, enolase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, pyruvate decarboxylase, alcohol dehydrogenase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex were demonstrated. The present of significant activity of glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase may indicate the possibility of an operative of alpha-glycerophosphate and pentose phosphate pathway. PMID- 7112212 TI - Enterotoxin production by Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from humans, foods and animals in Malaysia. AB - Enterotoxin production by strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from human, food and animal sources was investigated. Of the 130 isolates studied, 27 (20.8%) were found to be enterotoxigenic. The most common enterotoxin detected from human sources was enterotoxin C whereas enterotoxin B occurred more frequently in staphylococcal strains of food origin. The 2 enterotoxigenic strains, from animals isolated from a dog and a goat, produced enterotoxins A and C, respectively. Enterotoxin E was not detected alone from any of the enterotoxigenic strains studied, but occurred together with other enterotoxins. The need to detect enterotoxin in staphylococcal strains and in suspected foods for the confirmation of staphylococcal food poisoning is discussed. PMID- 7112213 TI - Opisthorchis viverrini : intensity and rates of infection in cyprinoid fish from an endemic focus in Northeast Thailand. AB - The infection rates and monthly variations in intensities of Opisthorchis viverrini infection in cyprinoid fish from an endemic focus in Northeast Thailand were investigated between April 1980 and March 1981. Out of six species of cyprinoid fish examined, four were found to harbour O. viverrini metacercariae. All four species of infected fish showed high rates of infection. Among the four species of O. viverrini infected fish, Cycloccheilicthys apagon and Puntius leiacanthus were found in abundance. The results indicate very little variation in the rates of infection throughout the year. On the other hand, intensities of infection varied from month to month, ranging from 8 to 88 metacercariae per fish for C. apagon and from 8 to 32 metacercariae per fish for P. leiacanthus. O. viverrini metacercariae were found in the fish muscle throughout the body; however, the body muscle harboured the highest density of metacercariae, followed by the dorsal fin, pectoral fin, pelvic fin and anal fin muscles respectively. In lieu of all these findings, it is therefore invalid to assume as indicated by the former workers that any potential intermediate fish host that does not have the O. viverrini metacercariae in its pectoral fin muscle in negative with opisthorchiasis. PMID- 7112215 TI - Natural killer cells in peripheral blood of healthy individuals and patients with malaria. PMID- 7112214 TI - New species of Haplorchis from Southeast Asia. together with keys to the Haplorchis-group of heterophyid trematodes of the region. PMID- 7112216 TI - Comparative methods of infecting mice with Schistosoma mekongi. AB - Experiments were carried out to investigate the most suitable cercarial concentration and method of exposure for the experimental mice infected with cercariae of Schistosoma mekongi. Swiss albino mice of 2 months old were exposed individually by three methods exposure : abdominal skin exposure, tail immersion and subcutaneous injection. Cercarial concentrations of 10 to 20 cercariae per mouse were used for each method of exposure. In general, it was observed that both the infection rate and total worm recovery rose with an increase in cercarial concentration. The highest percentage infection rate and total worm recovery was found in mice infected with 20 cercariae per mouse by the abdominal skin exposure method. PMID- 7112218 TI - Further studies on the susceptibility of new Taiwan foci of Oncomelania hupensis to geographic strains of Schistosoma japonicum. AB - Two known colonies of O.h chiui in Alilao and of O.h. formosana in Changhua and four new foci of snails in Nantou, Chiayi, Hualien and Taitung on Taiwan were exposed each to 5 miracidia of Changhua Zoophilic strain and Chinese, Philippine and Indonesian anthropopilic or human strains of S. Japonicum. The results showed that all four new foci demonstrated various degrees of susceptibility to this parasite. Infectivity of Chinese strain of S. japonicum in 4 new foci of snails is reported for the first time. Changhua race of O. hupensis was also found slightly susceptible to Chinese strain of the parasite. The average infection rate to both zoophilic and human strains of S. japonicum was 39.0%, 14.5%, 10.8% and 9.8% for Taitung, Chiayi, Hualien and Nantou snails respectively. Susceptible snails now been found in 7 counties and if by chance human pathogenic strains of the parasite were accidentally introduced into Taiwan, a public health problem could possibly develop. PMID- 7112217 TI - Assessment of the iron status of Filipino adolescents. AB - The iron nutritional status of 1,153 Filipino adolescents from low, medium and high socio-economic groups was assessed by determination of hemoglobin, FEP, serum ferritin and transferrin saturation. Prevalence rates of iron deficiency based on FEP and serum ferritin were higher for females than for males. Iron deficiency was more prevalent among adolescents from low socio-economic families. The high prevalence of iron deficiency (24.4%) based on FEP among females from the low socio-economic group may be due to inadequate iron intake and low availability of dietary iron since 79.7% came from vegetable sources. Compared to FEP and transferrin saturation, serum ferritin determination appeared to be more sensitive as an indicator of iron status. PMID- 7112219 TI - [New method of using coefficients of relative intensity and obviousness in statistical health studies]. PMID- 7112220 TI - [Physical development of preschool children]. PMID- 7112221 TI - [Moral education of medical workers]. PMID- 7112223 TI - [Student deontological education]. PMID- 7112222 TI - [Work with the personnel in epidemiological health service institutions]. PMID- 7112224 TI - [Prospects for the development of reflexotherapy in the USSR]. PMID- 7112225 TI - [Memorable dates and anniversaries in 1983 relating to history of medicine]. PMID- 7112226 TI - [Our experience using nicotinic acid for preventing thromboembolic complications]. PMID- 7112227 TI - [Treatment of hemangiomas with deep electrocoagulation]. PMID- 7112228 TI - [Effect of hemodes on the treatment of acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7112229 TI - [Steroid hormone and biogenic amine levels in the pulmonary artery system during hypertensive crises in chronic cor pulmonale patients]. PMID- 7112230 TI - [Changes in respiratory mechanics and hemodynamics in chronic pneumonia]. PMID- 7112231 TI - [Features of hemodynamic and myocardial contractile function in salmonellosis]. PMID- 7112232 TI - [Role of normo- and hypercalcemia in the course of primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism]. PMID- 7112233 TI - [Prediction of the area of myocardial infarct based on data on myoglobin analysis of the blood serum]. PMID- 7112234 TI - [Clinical aspects, differential diagnosis and prognostic criteria in acute myocardial infarct complicated by heart rupture]. PMID- 7112235 TI - [Importance of a functional assessment of the cardiovascular system for the medical disability expert evaluation of ischemic heart disease patients]. PMID- 7112236 TI - Prolapsed intervertebral disc. A hyperflexion injury 1981 Volvo Award in Basic Science. PMID- 7112238 TI - The anatomic basis and development of segmental spinal instrumentation. PMID- 7112237 TI - Aging changes in the macromolecular organization of the intervertebral disc: an X ray diffraction and electron microscopic study. AB - The macromolecular organization, in particular the collagen fibril network, of annulus fibrosus has been investigated, in humans and a strain of mice reared for aging research, by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. Collagen fibrils are arranged into fibers which are tilted so that the disc can perform its mechanical function. In neither mice nor humans did the tilt change with age, despite abnormal spinal curvature observed in aging mice. The spread of fibrils appears to decrease with age in anterior human annulus, but this is unlikely to affect function. Elastic fibers are associated with the collagen in mouse and human material of all ages. Aging is associated with the appearance of larger collagen fibrils, especially in human annulus. Increased radius and the biochemical changes which occur during aging may increase the likelihood of an overstressed region of annulus tearing. PMID- 7112239 TI - Biomechanics of scoliosis correction by segmental spinal instrumentation. AB - The mechanical effectiveness of applying transverse forces by segmental spinal instrumentation to correct scoliosis is examined in this paper. Comparisons with traditional Harrington instrumentation are made on the basis of each method's potential to produce corrective bending moments and their ability to transfer this correction to the spine. Recognizing the scoliosis is a three-dimensional deformity, biomechanical evaluations are performed in each of the three anatomic planes, with special attention paid to maintaining normal sagittal plane contour and transverse plane derotation. Such an analysis indicates that segmental spinal instrumentation has a clear mechanical advantage over traditional Harrington instrumentation in providing and maintaining correction. Proposed improvements include the development of instrumentation which can be segmentally attached to the vertebra without invading the spinal canal. PMID- 7112240 TI - Laboratory testing of segmental spinal instrumentation versus traditional Harrington instrumentation for scoliosis treatment. AB - The authors have tested 51 instrumented calf spines in vitro, using a scoliosis simulator, to evaluate the adequacy of fixation and nature of acute failure seen with various methods of scoliosis instrumentation. Tests were performed in compressive loading, rotation, and forward bending on the following instrumentation systems: (I) Harrington distraction, (II) Harrington distraction plus compression connected by transverse approximators, (III) Harrington distraction plus segmental laminar wires, and (IV) Luque double "L" rods plus segmental laminar wires. The study demonstrated that the addition of segmental fixation to scoliosis instrumentation provides improved stability because of (a) multiple fixation sites and (b) prevention of deformity, especially kyphosis, within the instrumented segment (an important contributor to hook cutout when a single Harrington distraction rod is tested). Failure with the Harrington rod was always by fracture at the metal-bone interface, while failure with the Luque method always occurred outside the instrumented segment. PMID- 7112241 TI - The correction of postural curves of the spine. PMID- 7112242 TI - The Galveston technique for L rod instrumentation of the scoliotic spine. PMID- 7112243 TI - Segmental spinal instrumentation: a preliminary report of 40 consecutive cases. AB - Two groups of patients with complex scoliosis problems are presented. The majority of patients had neurogenic scoliosis. Thirty patients (Group A) had Harrington instrumentation with segmental wiring and were immobilized postoperatively. Instrument stability was best when sacral fixation was not required. Pseudarthrosis was especially likely when there was deficiency of posterior elements. Ten patients (Group B) had double L rod instrumentation, and six had no postoperative immobilization. Correction was maintained except in two patients with kyphotic curves. There were transient neurologic complications in both groups, nerve root contusion being the most common (four cases). It is concluded that segmental instrumentation provides significant improvement in stability over conventional Harrington instrumentation. The advantages of added stability must be weighed against the increased potential for neurologic complications. PMID- 7112244 TI - Comparison of Harrington instrumentation and segmental spinal instrumentation in the management of neuromuscular spinal deformity. PMID- 7112245 TI - Segmental spinal instrumentation in the management of neuromuscular spinal deformity. AB - Seventeen patients with progressive neuromuscular spinal deformity were critically analyzed. All patients were surgically managed by employing segmental spinal instrumentation with Luque rods accompanied by posterior spinal fusion to sacrum. Satisfactory correction of scoliosis, kyphosis, and lordosis was achieved. Furthermore, maintainence and production of physiologic postural curves was possible with this method of instrumentation. Head and trunk decompensation and pelvic obliquity were not well controlled in this series. Respiratory complications in this high-risk group were minimal. Partial postoperative immobilization with bivalved thoraco-lumbosacral orthoses (TLSO) was employed in the majority of patients. Segmental spinal instrumentation provides significant benefits to justify its continued use and development. PMID- 7112246 TI - Segmental spinal instrumentation in the treatment of fractures of the thoracolumbar spine. PMID- 7112247 TI - Teaching one's child at home? PMID- 7112248 TI - Five years at Beaumont College. PMID- 7112249 TI - Special education in Holland. PMID- 7112250 TI - An evaluation of an EDY course in behaviour modification techniques for teachers and care staff in an ESN(S) school. PMID- 7112251 TI - Deaf not daft: the deaf in mental subnormality hospitals. PMID- 7112252 TI - Children with brittle bones. PMID- 7112253 TI - Signs and symbols: the 1980 survey. PMID- 7112254 TI - Teaching with precision. PMID- 7112255 TI - [Deaths occurring in the Federal District, 1978. Information Unit, Office of Continuing Statistics]. PMID- 7112257 TI - [Federal Environmental Protection Law]. PMID- 7112256 TI - [Increase in group life insurance for workers in government service]. PMID- 7112258 TI - [Decree creating a decentralized public agency called the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias]. PMID- 7112259 TI - [Agreement by which the power for the administrative exercise of its own resources is delegated to the School of Public Health of Mexico]. PMID- 7112260 TI - [Regulations for industrial establishments devoted to the manufacture of raw materials for compounding drugs and for laboratories or factories]. PMID- 7112261 TI - [Council of General Health]. PMID- 7112262 TI - [Bronchographic findings in central bronchial stenosis in childhood]. PMID- 7112263 TI - [Radiography of the urinary tract in children: possible misinterpretations]. PMID- 7112264 TI - [Radiography of the female genitalia in childhood]. PMID- 7112265 TI - [Primary operations on the deep femoral artery]. PMID- 7112267 TI - [Upper thoracic sympathectomy using the supraclavicular cervical approach]. PMID- 7112268 TI - [The importance of radiotherapy in the complex treatment of rectal cancer]. PMID- 7112266 TI - [The crossover femoro-femoral or ileo-femoral bypass]. PMID- 7112269 TI - [Late urologic complications associated with radiotherapy]. PMID- 7112270 TI - [Left atrial thrombi in post-rheumatic mitral valve disease]. PMID- 7112271 TI - [An unusual interlobar and intrapulmonary dislocation of a rib fracture fragment in a child]. PMID- 7112272 TI - [Esophageal surgery at the First Surgical Clinic, Olomouc Faculty Hospital, 1948 1980]. PMID- 7112274 TI - [Necrotizing enteropathy]. PMID- 7112273 TI - [Isolated portal hypertension caused by retroperitoneal fibrosis]. PMID- 7112275 TI - [The significance and role of transthoracic truncal vagotomy in the treatment of recurring ulcers]. PMID- 7112276 TI - [Indications for conservative and surgical treatment of fractures of the calcaneus]. PMID- 7112277 TI - [Benign non-epithelial tumors of the stomach]. PMID- 7112278 TI - [The extraperitoneal approach to the abdominal aorta and pelvic arteries through a transverse incision]. PMID- 7112279 TI - [Enterovesicular fistulae in Crohn's disease]. PMID- 7112281 TI - [Preparing a venous graft for femoropopliteal anastomosis]. PMID- 7112282 TI - [Blunt chest injuries]. PMID- 7112280 TI - [An unusual case of infection of an arterial reconstruction in the inguinal region in a paraplegic child treated by a bypass through the obturator canal]. PMID- 7112283 TI - [Surgical approach to the inferior vena cava in the surgical prevention of pulmonary embolism]. PMID- 7112284 TI - [A retrospective study of remission cases in rheumatoid arthritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7112285 TI - [Intra-articular rheumatoid nodule of knee joint (author's transl)]. PMID- 7112286 TI - [Temperature-dependent rheological changes of the plasma in Raynaud's phenomenon (author's transl)]. PMID- 7112287 TI - [A case of carpal tunnel syndrome caused by tophaceous gout (author's transl)]. PMID- 7112288 TI - [Bone involvement in pigmented villonodular synovitis. A case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7112289 TI - [Bronchiolar lesion in rheumatoid arthritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7112290 TI - Sudden death in asthmatics receiving beta-blockers. PMID- 7112291 TI - Gastrocolic fistula complicating benign gastric ulcer. PMID- 7112292 TI - Acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis. AB - An extensive outbreak of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis is being experienced in South Africa. This is part of a pandemic affecting Africa, Asia and the Americas. It is thought to be caused by enterovirus 70 and is highly contagious, the main mode of transmission being direct contact. The disease is usually confined to the eye and is self-limiting, requiring only symptomatic treatment. Sequelae have been reported, most concern being caused by the neurological complications. PMID- 7112293 TI - Penetrating wounds of the heart and great vessels--a new therapeutic approach. AB - A series of 36 Black and Coloured patients, presenting during a 1-year period with life-endangering intrathoracic trauma secondary to assault, is presented. Penetrating wounds of the heart were documented in 32 of these patients, 6 of whom died almost immediately after having been brought into the Resuscitation Unit of Tygerberg Hospital, Parowvallei, CP. The remaining 26 patients had clinical features of cardiac tamponade and circulatory collapse, and in 4 of these patients an emergency thoracotomy was performed in the Resuscitation Unit as it was considered inadvisable to delay surgery until theatre had been arranged. Three of the latter 4 were discharged home completely recovered. Total peri-operative mortality was 13.3%, most deaths being due to lacerations of the left ventricle. Penetrating wounds of the ventricles accounted for some 85% of the total cardiac lacerations; other lacerations affected the pulmonary artery and its branches, the aorta, left atrium and internal thoracic artery. The incision most frequently employed at surgery was a median sternotomy (53%), followed by left thoracotomy (40%) and right thoracotomy (7%). Pre-operative emergency management based on pathophysiological principles is discussed. The fact that relatively inexperienced surgical registrars performed many of these operations with good results emphasizes the need for the establishment of resuscitation units in more peripheral hospitals where many of these patients could primarily be treated. These units would then be able to manage many of these patients, probably at an earlier stage than if they were referred to a teaching hospital such as Tygerberg. PMID- 7112294 TI - The radiology of pulmonary complications associated with acute spinal cord injury. AB - Pulmonary complications after acute cervical spinal cord injury are common. Paralysis of the intercostal muscles leads to decreased respiratory function. In addition, injuries of the thoracic cage, pleura and lungs are commonly associated with spinal injuries. A survey of radiologically demonstrable pulmonary complications in 50 patients with acute tetraplegia has been made. Changes were present in 28% of the patients surveyed. The changes in pulmonary and haemodynamic function consequent upon cervical spinal cord injury are briefly described. Radiological manifestations of pulmonary complications due to decreased pulmonary function, direct pulmonary trauma and rare pulmonary complications of skeletal injury are reviewed. The value of routine and intensive radiographic monitoring of the chest in the patient with acute tetraplegia is emphasized, as clinical diagnosis is hampered in the absence of motor and sensory function. PMID- 7112295 TI - High-velocity missile injuries of the thorax. AB - Nine patients who sustained high-velocity missile injuries to the thorax are reported. Two types of injury were seen: a 'through-and-through' injury (6 patients), and a 'tangential' injury (3 patients). Six patients underwent thoracotomy: 3 had pulmonary resections and 2 had closure of bronchopleural fistulas, while 1 had repair of the diaphragm and liver, which were lacerated, and a pleural toilet. A further patient had a rib resection for empyema at a later stage. All patients had intercostal drains inserted as initial treatment. There were no deaths, and those patients who underwent pulmonary resection recovered fully and rapidly after operation. Extensive pulmonary damage and lobar infarction occurred with 'tangential' high-velocity missile injuries to the thorax. PMID- 7112296 TI - Asymptomatic isolated left subclavian artery with right aortic arch. A case report. AB - An isolated left subclavian artery with a right-sided aorta was discovered during autopsy of a 34-year-old Black woman who had died of pulmonary tuberculosis. The left subclavian artery arose from the end of a 5 cm long, fibrous cord attached to the pulmonary trunk, and received blood by retrograde flow in the left vertebral and supreme intercostal arteries. Isolated subclavian artery with right sided aorta may be accounted for by abnormal development and degeneration of the embryonic aortic arches. PMID- 7112297 TI - Indwelling central venous catheters. PMID- 7112298 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of Fanconi's anemia. PMID- 7112299 TI - The effect of oral hypoglycemic agents on the lipid levels in non-insulin dependent diabetes in the young. PMID- 7112300 TI - Analgesic nephropathy. Local experience in Bloemfontein. AB - In a prospective study we found analgesic nephropathy (AN) to be responsible for approximately 13% of all cases of end-stage renal disease being treated at our renal unit in Bloemfontein. There seemed to be a lack of awareness of this preventable cause of chronic renal failure among the general public and the medical profession alike. The study also confirms previous reports regarding the potential reversibility of AN and its association with peptic ulcer disease and urothelial cancer. Certain cystoscopic and histological changes in the bladder urothelium were present in varying combinations in all our patients with AN and these may be regarded as specific and more objective aids in establishing this elusive diagnosis. PMID- 7112301 TI - Surgical treatment of constrictive tuberculous pericarditis. PMID- 7112302 TI - Tricuspid atresia corrected by the Fontan method. AB - The Fontan procedure was applied to correct 13 cases of tricuspid atresia, all with concordant arterial connections. Seven of the patients had had a total of ten previous operations to create palliative shunts. There were 3 early deaths, all due to low cardiac output states, but no late deaths. The postoperative management of the survivors was not unduly complicated, except in the 1st patient. Complete heart block developed transiently in 2 patients. The results are classified as good to very good in all 10 survivors. Our experience supports the opinion that the Fontan procedure gives good symptomatic relief in patients with tricuspid atresia. We discuss the possibility of improving long-term left ventricular function by early complete correction. PMID- 7112303 TI - Mediators of inflammation and tissue damage. AB - Mediators on inflammation have been classified according to their mode of activation in the case of latent humoral mediators of their mode of generation in that of newly synthesized mediators of cellular origin. The mechanisms by which these agents cause inflammation and tissue damage are considered, as are the control of their generation and toxicity for host tissues by biological and pharmacological anti-inflammatory agents. PMID- 7112305 TI - Diuretics and zinc. AB - Distal tubule diuretics (DTDs), including chlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide, bendroflumethiazide, chlorthalidone and xipamide, have been found to increase urinary zinc output through a poorly understood mechanism which could involve both direct and hormone-mediated processes. Significant zinc depletion may occur during long-term administration of DTDs, principally in conditions associated with diminished total body zinc levels such as hepatic cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, gastro-intestinal disorders and several renal diseases. Attention to the early symptoms of zinc deficiency such as hypogeusia, hyposmia, abnormal dark adaptation and impotence and the monitoring of serum zinc levels are advisable during long-term treatment with common DTDs. PMID- 7112304 TI - A comparison of a disposable skin stapler and nylon sutures for wound closure. AB - A disposable skin stapler (Proximate; Ethicon) was compared with conventional nylon sutures in respect of time taken for wound closure, cosmetic result and ease of application and removal. It was found that a time saving of 80% is possible with the stapling device, and that the cosmetic result with staples is as good as if not better than that with nylon sutures. A certain amount of experience and practice facilitates the use of the stapler. PMID- 7112306 TI - Unusual aspects of febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet's syndrome). Case reports. AB - Two patients with febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (FND) of Sweet's syndrome are described. One patient had acute myeloblastic leukaemia and FND antedated any changes in the peripheral blood. The second patient had bullous lesions which healed, with clinical cutis laxa (acquired anetoderma). In this patient FND had persisted for 8 years and histological examination of the skin lesions showed inflammation of the subcutaneous fat. To our knowledge this represents the first report of panniculitis due to FND. PMID- 7112307 TI - Unusual antenatal diagnosis of cord entanglement. PMID- 7112310 TI - The treatment of hypertension in the elderly. AB - In developed countries 50% of the elderly suffer from hypertension. Raised systolic or diastolic blood pressure is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, and there is no clear evidence that antihypertensive treatment can reduce this. This article reviews the value of treatment, whom to treat, and the principles of the treatment of hypertension in the elderly. However, the paucity of research in this field limits one's judgement in giving a valid opinion. PMID- 7112308 TI - Who cares? A microplan for geriatric practice. AB - Geriatric medicine is defined and difficulties in the attainment of its ideals are described, both in Great Britain, where the specialty was born, and in South Africa. As regards the situation in South Africa, it is likely in the foreseeable future that the load will be carried by a wide range of clinicians in hospitals and the community, and that we shall not see the emergence of geriatricians as specialists in their own right except in a few academic departments. In laying down guidelines for practice an attempt has been made to describe the elements of geriatric medicine that it is hoped can be practised by any doctor performing this work. These elements have been presented as a microplan for geriatric practice. PMID- 7112309 TI - The significance of erythrocyte sedimentation rates in aged persons. PMID- 7112311 TI - Anaesthesia and the elderly. AB - The peri-operative management of elderly patients presents a variety of problems to the anaesthetist. These include organ dysfunction associated with the ageing process and the high incidence of serious disease affecting major organ systems. In addition, elderly patients commonly require multiple drug therapy. As such they are likely to suffer adverse drug effects and interactions, events more liable to occur in these patients as a result of both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors. Occasionally serious interactions may occur with drugs used during anaesthesia. The importance of adequate pre-operative assessment and preparation cannot be overemphasized, as well as the need for a team approach to the management. PMID- 7112312 TI - Prescribing for the elderly patient. AB - The side-effects of drugs increase steadily in accordance with the age of the patient. This can be the result of incorrect clinical assessment, multiple prescribing, poor drug compliance, inadequate supervision of long-term medication, altered drug handling and increased organ sensitivity with age. Consequently, great care should be taken when prescribing for the elderly. Rules for prescribing are listed. PMID- 7112313 TI - The management of psychiatric illness in the aged. PMID- 7112314 TI - Dysphoria in the elderly. AB - Evidence is presented for distinguishing a clinical entity characterized by dysphoria associated with physical impairment, isolation and financial and social disadvantage in the elderly in residential care. Personality factors are believed to play a considerable part in the aetiology of the condition. A distinction is made between similar groups of elderly persons, in one of which dysphoria is associated with depression and a group of non-depressed, dysphoric individuals. PMID- 7112315 TI - Hospital treatment of the elderly--new directions. PMID- 7112316 TI - Multiple-choice examinations--an objective view. PMID- 7112317 TI - Benoxaprofen--could the side-effects have been prevented? PMID- 7112318 TI - The effect of desmopressin on post-lumbar puncture/myelography morbidity. PMID- 7112320 TI - The bromide partition test and CSF adenosine deaminase activity in the diagnosis of tuberculosis meningitis in children. AB - Bromide partition tests were performed on 58 children with suspected tuberculous meningitis (TBM). CSF adenosine deaminase activity (ADA) was measured at the same time. Four of the 33 patients with a final diagnosis of TBM had false-negative bromide partition ratios and 5 had false-negative CSF ADA levels. One of the 25 patients in whom TBM was excluded had a false-positive ratio and 4 had false positive CSF ADA levels. The difference between the two tests was not significant. Both provide valuable evidence for or against a diagnosis of TBM. PMID- 7112319 TI - Microcytic anaemia and haemoglobinopathy in Cape Town children. AB - Patients with thalassemia as well as those with iron deficiency typically have red cell microcytosis and hypochromia. In view of the large number of children with microcytic anaemia or an isolated microcytosis seen at the Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, the frequency with which a low red cell mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was associated with the presence of thalassaemia or with an abnormal haemoglobin was investigated. Of 730 patients with an MCV of 60 fl or less, 46 (6.4%) were found to carry the beta-thalassaemia gene and 20 children (2.7 %) had an abnormal haemoglobin, most commonly haemoglobin E. The prevalence of thalassaemia was greatest among Coloured patients and abnormal haemoglobins were found exclusively in this group of children. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 7112321 TI - Henoch-Schonlein purpura in Black and Indian children in Natal. AB - The features of Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) have not been frequently reported among children in developing countries and they are therefore described in 8 children (6 Blacks, 2 Indians) seen in Durban over a 6-year period. There do not appear to be major differences between HSP in children in the developed world and that in Black and Indian children in South Africa. The patients were fairly well nourished school-age children, of whom 5 were males and 3 females. All had the typical rash, and 5 had gastro-intestinal problems; arthritis and renal signs and symptoms were seen in 4, and none developed neurological complications. The serum C3 levels wee variable, skin biopsies revealed allergic vasculitis in 2 patients, and renal biopsies showed focal proliferative glomerulonephritis in 2 patients, with IgA deposits in 1 of these. PMID- 7112323 TI - The use of ultrasound in ocular diagnosis. PMID- 7112322 TI - Amniotic fluid acetylcholinesterase electrophoresis in the prenatal diagnosis of neural tube defects. AB - Amniotic fluid acetylcholinesterase electrophoresis has become available as a test for the prenatal diagnosis of open neural tube defects. The results of acetylcholinesterase electrophoresis on 125 amniotic fluid samples, including 18 from fetuses with open neural tube defects, are presented. These results indicate that this test, in conjunction with alpha-fetoprotein measurement, is of considerable practical value. PMID- 7112324 TI - Correlative clinical, neuroradiological and pathological findings in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: a report of 5 cases. AB - Changes in the brain in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) as detected on computed axial tomography (CT) have so far been insufficiently assessed. An attempt was therefore made to correlate the clinical, neuroradiological and pathological findings in 5 consecutive, unselected cases, 4 of which were somewhat atypical. It is concluded that within the context of a degenerative neurological disorder of childhood, the CT findings in SSPE correlate well with clinical staging, and also illuminate certain aspects of the pathogenesis and dynamics of the disease process. PMID- 7112326 TI - Isolated fracture of a cervical rib: a case report. AB - A case of isolated fracture of a cervical rib in a young woman is presented. The mechanism of injury was direct blunt trauma. Histological examination showed changes compatible with a previous fracture of the cervical rib. Literature concerning the incidence, complications and removal of these ribs is reviewed. Closely associated with this anomaly is the thoracic outlet syndrome, a differential diagnosis of which is given. PMID- 7112325 TI - Systemic sporotrichosis: pulmonary complications of a well-known cutaneous fungal disease. A case report. AB - Pulmonary involvement during Sporotrichium schenkii infection can present as either primary pulmonary or systemic disease. The clinical and radiological features in the primary form closely resemble those of adult-type tuberculosis. On clinical, radiological and histopathological grounds pulmonary involvement during systemic spread can be difficult to distinguish from sarcoidosis. The diagnostic and therapeutic problems encountered in a woman with systemic sporotrichosis infection with pulmonary involvement are described. PMID- 7112327 TI - A pyrimethamine-chloroquine combination for malaria prophylaxis during pregnancy. PMID- 7112328 TI - Injection of Teflon paste into vocal cords. PMID- 7112330 TI - Primary tendon healing. An experimental study. AB - The management of a severed tendon within the digital sheath continues to present a formidable challenge. The major problem is one of excessive scar tissue formation. It was found experimentally in severed and partially divided tendons that the source of the blood supply, i.e. the vasculature in the tendon proper, will promote healing through the primary tissue (tenoblast) of the tendon itself, whereas the blood supply and granulation tissue from the damaged area of the flexor sheath leads to fibrous (scar) tissue formation. In this study of tendon repair special attention was paid to a suturing procedure which would have the least effect on the intrinsic blood supply to the severed ends. It was found that the basic requirement in successful tendon repair was to approximate and not to strangulate, and to minimize trauma to the flexor sheath which is the main source of scar tissue. PMID- 7112331 TI - The organization of a microsurgical unit. AB - The organization of a microsurgery unit at experimental and clinical levels is of major importance. Microsurgery can be applied in every surgical specialty, and with and advent of microvascular surgery its role is steadily expanding, especially as regards all types of reconstructive surgery. The main aim is to provide a community service, but some experimental background is advantageous. It is not easy to introduce microsurgical practice into an institution where none of this work has been performed previously. The reorganization of surgical units is involved, and some operations are impossible without an operating microscope. A tenacity of purpose among surgeons and dedication by both teaching and technical staff is essential. Not every surgeon will wish to engage in this work but eventually it can be expected that grounding in microsurgery will become a routine part of the training of most surgeons. Although experimental research is important, the emphasis should be on clinical development. PMID- 7112329 TI - Treatment of post-herpetic neuralgia and acute herpetic pain with amitriptyline and perphenazine. AB - A fixed-ratio combination of amitriptyline and perphenazine was successful in treating 8 of 9 patients suffering from post-herpetic neuralgia. Side-effects were minimal. Summaries of 4 case histories are presented. In addition, 3 patients suffering from severe acute herpetic pain were successfully treated with the same drug combination. PMID- 7112333 TI - Leiomyoblastoma of the omentum. A case report. AB - Leiomyoblastoma is an uncommon tumour derived from smooth-muscle cells. A leiomyoblastoma presenting apparently as an omental tumour, as in the case presented, is exceptionally rare. Special mention is made of the value of the left decubitus position in computed tomography scanning for omental and mesenteric masses. PMID- 7112332 TI - Chronic pericardial effusion associated with congenital lymphoedema of the right arm and face. A case report. PMID- 7112334 TI - The "hair root invasion test", a semi-quantitative method for experimental evaluation of antimycotics in guinea-pigs. AB - The hair root invasion test is a new method for preclinical evaluation of the antimycotic efficacy of chemical compounds in vivo based on their antifungal activity against dermatophytes located at hair roots in the depth of the hair follicles of guinea-pigs. The test design allows for semi-quantitative assessment of the invasion density of the hair follicles in mycotic foci of treated and untreated animals. Conditions that must be met in order to yield satisfactory results are discussed and test results from standard antimycotics are presented. PMID- 7112335 TI - Isolation of Blastomyces dermatitidis from the lungs of a bat, Rhinopoma hardwickei hardwickei Gray, in Delhi. AB - The isolation of Blastomyces dermatitidis is reported from the lungs of one of 155 insectivorous bats, representing Rhinopoma hardwickei hardwickei Gray, inhabiting the abandoned first floor of a school building in Old Dehli. The identity of the fungus was based on its gross and microscopic cultural morphology including demonstration of its dimorphic character. It was further confirmed by determination of the capacity of the isolate to produce the "A" exo-antigen specific for B. dermatitidis and by verification of its pathogenicity for white mice. Heretofore, B. dermatitidis has not been reported from bats. It is also the first occasion that B. dermatitidis has been isolated from animal sources in an Asian country, thereby indicating that this important dimorphic pathogenic fungus is endemic in Asia. PMID- 7112336 TI - Spontaneous mutant of Blastomyces dermatitidis attenuated in virulence for mice. AB - A spontaneous mutation occurred in cultures of a virulent strain of Blastomyces dermatitidis during serial passage at 35-37 degrees C. The mutant strain was shown to be 10,000-fold less virulent for mice than the parent strain, and this was independent of the challenge dose, the age of the challenged host, and the route of challenge (although attenuation was greater for pulmonary than for peritoneal challenge). The mutant grows as well as the parent in fungal media or in the presence of murine substrates. Studies of the chronology of pulmonary infection indicate the mutation affects an early event (first week after challenge) in establishment of infection and interaction with host defenses. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the mutant lacks deep irregular surface ridges and grooves present in the parent. It had increased resistance to crystal violet in vitro, increased susceptibility to bile, and could hydrolyze esculin. The latter findings are of interest because they place the mutant in an intermediate position with respect to these properties between the virulent parent and a previously studied avirulent strain. Lipid analyses indicated a marked increase in fatty acids in the mutant. Studies of four B. dermatitidis strains have also associated increasing palmitic acid and phospholipid content with increasing virulence. PMID- 7112337 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of a growth inhibitor of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. AB - A lethal diffusible metabolite excreted by the yeastlike form of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis was isolated, purified, and partially characterized. The chemical structure of this metabolite suggested a relation to the phenol or benzoic acid families. The lethal effect on P. brasiliensis could not be attributed specifically to interference with synthesis of macromolecules, but probably through protein denaturation. This lack of specificity discounts its possible use as an antibiotic. PMID- 7112338 TI - Candida rugosa: experimental mastitis in a dairy cow. AB - Candida rugosa was isolated from the milk of 70% of the cows in a dairy herd with mastitis problems. An experimental C. rugosa infection of the udder of a healthy cow resulted in a prolonged fever and an inflammatory reaction in the mammary gland and associated lymph nodes. Milk secretion in the 2 infected quarters was reduced from 8.51 to 1.51 per day. Histological examination revealed alveolar destruction with interstitial fibrosis accompanied by lymphocyte and macrophage accumulation. C. rugosa was cultured form the cisternal mammary tissue of the infected quarters but not from the alveolar tissue or associated lymph nodes. There was no evidence of tissue invasion. The signs described were probably due to toxic components in the fungal cell walls combined with the adverse effects of lowered pH in the milk during the proliferation of the yeast. PMID- 7112339 TI - Public health in the Mongolian People's Republic in the 60 years since the People's Revolution. PMID- 7112340 TI - Public health and social assistance - forms of manifestation of raising life's quality. PMID- 7112342 TI - Public health in the USSR during the tenth five-year plan. PMID- 7112341 TI - [Problems of work hygiene in a newly founded town]. PMID- 7112343 TI - Perinatal mortality risk factors (Cuban perinatal survey. 1973). PMID- 7112344 TI - Low-income aged: eligibility ad participation in SSI. AB - This article reports on a study undertaken to evaluate the Social Security Administration's (SSA) methods for estimating the number of persons eligible for Federal Supplemental Security Income (SSI) payments. SSA estimates that 65-70 percent of the aged eligible for SSI actually participate in the program. It has been argued that the actual participation rate may be either higher or lower than SSA estimates because SSA misestimates the size of the eligible population. SSA bases its estimates of the number of persons eligible on data in the Census Bureau's Current Population Survey (CPS). In this study, a sample of 2,000 low income aged persons was interviewed in 1979, and two sets of information were collected: One duplicated the data used by SSA to make its estimates; the other duplicated the type of information collected when a person actually applies for SSI. When the two sets were compared, it was found that the methodology that SSA uses to estimate the size of the eligible population and the information collected from SSI applicants produced estimates that were quite similar. The study also evaluated theories to explain why some persons eligible for SSI do not claim benefits. The study found that the elderly are more likely to participate in SSI if they live in States that supplement Federal SSI payments and that do not have a history of imposing liens on the property of welfare recipients. Participants also tend to have somewhat lower incomes (excluding SSI) than nonparticipants. No evidence was found that variations in practices among Social Security district offices could account for differences in SSI participation rates. PMID- 7112345 TI - The Bellmon Report. PMID- 7112346 TI - Characteristics of newly awarded recipients of the Social Security regular minimum benefit. AB - The regular minimum Social Security benefit, which was eliminated for both current and future recipients under the Omnibus Budget Reconcilliation Act of 1981 (Public Law 97-35), was restored for current beneficiaries only under additional legislation at year end. Following passage of Public Law 97-35, a study was undertaken to examine a group of newly eligible beneficiaries who would formerly have received the minimum benefit but, under that law, would not. Although the persons sampled have since become eligible for the benefit under the subsequent legislation, they closely resemble other future beneficiaries who will not be eligible for it. This article, which reports the findings of the study, indicates that those who will be ineligible for the minimum benefit in the future are mainly housewives, who will usually be able to receive larger benefits as spouses, and persons with significant noncovered employment, who will still receive windfall benefits to some extent. The data tend to disprove the notion that those who will not receive the minimum benefit in the future are lifetime low-earners. PMID- 7112347 TI - Actuarial status of the old-age and survivors insurance and disability insurance trust funds. AB - The 1982 Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of the Old-Age and Survivors Insurance (OASI) and Disability Insurance (DI) Trust Funds indicates sever financial problems in both the short and the long range. The short-range financial status is significantly worse than was estimated last year, after enactment of the 1981 legislation, because of continuing unfavorable economic conditions. The estimated long-range deficit is the same as the deficit that was estimated last year before the 1981 legislation and is therefore somewhat worse than was estimated immediately after enactment of the legislation. Under present law, which authorizes temporary interfund borrowing amount the OASI, DI, and Hospital Insurance (HI) Trust Funds, the OASI Trust Fund would become unable to pay benefits on time by July 1983. The assets of the DI Trust Fund, on the other hand, are expected to grow rapidly in both the short and long range. If the assets of both the OASI and DI Trust Funds were combined, however, the two funds would still become unable to pay benefits on time by the latter half of 1983, based on all four sets of economic and demographic assumptions in the 1982 report. Even if the temporary interfund borrowing authority in present law were extended, the combined assets of the OASI, DI, and HI Trust Funds would become insufficient to pay benefits on time by 1984, based on the two less favorable sets of assumptions in the 1982 report. Based on the other two, more favorable, sets of assumptions, the three combined funds could pay benefits on time through the 1980's but there would be little or no margin of safety to permit timely payment of benefits if economic conditions are even slightly less favorable. PMID- 7112348 TI - Phenotypic drug resistance in mammalian cells in vitro. AB - When mammalian cells are cultured at low concentrations of toxic drugs, they often become phenotypically resistant. We studied whether this phenotypic resistance is due to selection of preexisting variants. The drugs 8-azaguaine (AG) and 6-thioguanine (TG) were used and, as a parameter for resistance, the incorporation of hypoxanthine was determined. Preexisting variation among clones in the uptake of hypoxanthine was found, and this variation has a hereditary component. This transmission of aberrant incorporation of hypoxanthine does not appear a stable trait, and the aberrant cell lines returned gradually to the original steady state. There are indications that within a cell population cells with altered levels of incorporation of hypoxanthine arise continuously and at a high frequency. Treatment with marginally toxic concentrations of AG or TG indicates that, at least for AG, survival is not related to the preexisting variation in hypoxanthine uptake. The observed phenomena could be of importance for the selection of drugs to be used in cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 7112349 TI - Isolation of UV-sensitive mutants of mouse L5178Y cells by a cell suspension spotting method. AB - We have isolated 56 UV-sensitive mutant clones from a mouse L51 T/t line of L5178Y cells by a cell suspension spotting method. Five mutants have also been isolated from L51 T/t and L5178Y cells by the method reported by Thompson and coworkers (22). We divided the mutants into two groups, "highly sensitive" and "moderately sensitive" mutants, according to their sensitivity to UV irradiation. Fifty-eight mutants were highly sensitive and three were moderately sensitive to UV. The reconstruction experiments indicate that more than 90% of highly sensitive mutants were recovered by the cell suspension spotting method. Frequencies of recovered mutants highly sensitive to UV increased with increasing dose of mutagens. Recovered mutant frequency reached 10(-2) after treatment with 1.5 micrograms/ml of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) (survival 0.2%). Eight UV-sensitive mutants were divided into four complementation groups. These mutants were 2-6 times more sensitive to UV than parental L51 T/t cells in terms of D37 (dose required to reduce survival to 37%). Four representative UV sensitive mutants which are classified into different complementation groups were examined for their sensitivity to killing by UV, 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO), mitomycin C (MMC), X-rays, and MNNG. All four classes of mutants were found to be cross-sensitive to UV, 4NQO, and MMC, but not sensitive to X-rays and MNNG. PMID- 7112350 TI - Coexpression of species-specific histone H1 and H2B genes in mouse-rat hybrid cells. AB - Five different clones of somatic hybrid cell lines between mouse and rat cells were examined for the expression of species-specific histone H1 and H2B subtypes. It was found that one hybrid (140-3) contained only mouse specific histones and the other four clones had both mouse and rat specific histones in various ratios. In three cases (141-B, NBr10A, NBr20A), the relative amount of mouse and rat specific histones was correlated with the karyotype of the hybrids. However, this was not true in one case (NG108-15). The results indicate that a single mammalian hybrid clone can express both parental types of histones, and the histone expression in these hybrids is not regulated by an allelic exclusion but may be expressed codominantly by gene dosage. PMID- 7112351 TI - Symposium on surgical health care delivery. PMID- 7112352 TI - Rates of surgery in the United States: the decade of the 1970s. AB - Rates of surgery for gynecology, general surgery, otorhinolaryngology, and urology have either decreased or reached a plateau since 1974. Increasing rates are demonstrated for orthopedics, ophthalmology, cardiothoracic surgery, and neurosurgery. These changes are analyzed. Such data can help health care planners to more accurately predict the future of surgical health care delivery. PMID- 7112353 TI - Surgical manpower: past and present reality, estimates for 2000. AB - The growth in the number of board-certified surgeons in the 1970s, projections of the need for surgeons in the year 2000, and possible factors softening the impact of surgical expansion are discussed in detail. The best index for the optimal supply of surgeons in the United States is related to the phenomenon of local community needs. PMID- 7112354 TI - Unnecessary surgery: what is it? AB - The lack of a precise definition as to what unnecessary surgery really means continues to be a significant problem. The most accurate statement of the problem appears to be that unnecessary surgery exists, but its true scope is yet to be determined. Further research on health services must be devised before all of the questions concerning unnecessary surgery can be answered. PMID- 7112355 TI - Practice characteristics of surgeons in the United States. AB - The results are discussed of two SOSSUS studies, one a questionnaire to obtain information from a representative sample of surgeons about their practice organizations, work loads, work time, and other relevant data, and the other a comprehensive examination of surgeons' work loads in four diverse areas of the United States. PMID- 7112356 TI - Should surgery be regionalized? AB - The authors suggest that new surgical procedures be carried out initially in selected institutions and that complex procedures for which it has been or can be demonstrated that mortality is inversely related to the volume of experience also be regionalized. Regionalization in the latter instance can have a small overall impact on surgical practice but a large impact on the adverse consequences of high risk operations that are performed only occasionally. PMID- 7112357 TI - Organizational and financial influences on patterns of surgical care. AB - Rates of surgery for similar patient groups are lower in well-established prepaid group plan forms of HMO than in either independent practice association forms of HMO or in traditional fee-for-service care arrangements. The biologic outcomes of care are at least as good in prepaid group plan settings as in other settings. The implications of these conclusions for the future are discussed. PMID- 7112358 TI - Ambulatory surgery. PMID- 7112359 TI - Quality assurance and surgical practice. PMID- 7112360 TI - The role of the randomized clinical trial in the evaluation of new operations. AB - Randomized trials that compare new operations with old ones or new regimens of invasive therapy with standard operations can make a substantial contribution to medical knowledge if the stipulations outlined in this article are followed. However, randomized trials that compare medical with surgical therapy have a number of additional problems and as a result rarely have a major impact on the practice of medicine. PMID- 7112361 TI - Effects of naloxone in hemorrhagic shock. AB - The endorphins appear to play an integral role in the physiopathology of hemorrhagic shock. Blockade of these endodgenous opiates by naloxone can significantly alter the course of this syndrome. While the administration of naloxone to normal rats had no effect upon the circulation or cellular function, it improved the hemodynamic status of rats subjected to hemorrhagic shock, resulting in improved tissue perfusion. In addition, the administration of this drug prevented the cellular dysfunction normally seen in hemorrhagic shock. This effect was independent of its salutary effects upon the circulation. PMID- 7112362 TI - Proximal gastric vagotomy and anterior fundoplication as complementary procedures to Heller's operation for achalasia. AB - While Heller's myotomy has become the accepted operation for achalasia, still, there is no agreement about the indications for and choice of complementary procedures to minimize subsequent acid esophageal reflux. In the instances described in this investigation Heller's operation was accompanied by proximal gastric, or highly selective, vagotomy and anterior fundoplication. Dysphagia was abolished and normal alimentation restored in all but one patient, who was elderly and had an advanced megaesophagus. In every patient after the operation, results of pH-manometry, acid reflux tests and endoscopy demonstrated the absence of both acid reflux and esophagitis. PMID- 7112363 TI - Blood exchange with pyridoxalated and polymerized hemoglobin solution. AB - A solution of pyridoxalated and polymerized hemoglobin has been used for total blood exchange in the rat to test its effectiveness in vivo. Two groups of eight rats each were transfused to 93 to 95 per cent blood replacement with hemoglobin, control group, or with modified hemoglobin, experimental group, solution. All of the rats in the experimental group survived and became hematologically and physiologically normal at eight days after transfusion, whereas the rats in the control group died at approximately five hours after transfusion. Immediately after transfusion, the circulating fluid in the two groups of rats showed the same oxygen carrying capacity. At three and five hours after transfusion, differences in the oxygen capacity were observed with values in the experimental group of 34 and 103 per cent higher, respectively, than in the control group. The P50 of the vascular fluid in the experimental rats was 47 to 49 per cent greater than the corresponding value in the control group at zero, three and five hours after transfusion. The disappearance of hemoglobin from plasma was faster in the control than in the experimental group with a plasma half-disappearance time of 3.5 and 25 hours, respectively. The differences observed in the rate of disappearance of plasma hemoglobin were reflected in the rate of accumulation of hemoglobin in the urine. A solution of pyridoxalated and polymerized hemoglobin appears to be beneficial in blood replacement, since it promotes survival after massive transfusions. PMID- 7112364 TI - Options in management of trauma to the esophagus. PMID- 7112365 TI - Endocrine ablation and hepatic artery infusion in the treatment of metastases to the liver from carcinoma of the breast. AB - Seventy-one women with disseminated carcinoma of the breast metastatic to the liver were treated using one of three treatment regimens. All the patients received intravenously administered cytotoxic chemotherapy. Thirty-five women were treated with hepatic intra-arterial infusion of chemotherapy in combination with hormonal ablative procedures. Twenty-three patients were treated by hormonal ablation procedures without intra-arterial infusion. A third group of 11 women underwent hepatic artery infusion without hormonal ablative procedures. The women treated with both intra-arterial infusion and hormonal ablation had a mean survival time of 21 months from the documentation of hepatic metastases. The second group, those who underwent ablation but not infusion, had a mean survival time of 15 months from the documentation of hepatic involvement. Both of these figures compare favorably with the expected survival time of three to nine months. We believe that these results demonstrate the need for aggressive multimodality therapy in women with hepatic metastasis and further demonstrate the positive role of endocrine manipulation in metastatic carcinoma of the breast, even in patients with predominantly visceral disease. PMID- 7112366 TI - Pedal artery bypass for limb salvage. PMID- 7112367 TI - An omental implantation technique for salvage of the spleen. PMID- 7112368 TI - Z-plasty for treatment of disease of the pilonidal sinus. AB - The theory of acquired origin of pilonidal sinus disease has been emphasized. Advantages of Z-plasty over the other surgical methods for treatment of this disease have been elaborated. The extremely low recurrence rate following Z plasty for pilonidal sinus results from the fact that the operation was planned with the true physiopathology of the disease in mind. It is the deep intergluteal fold which predisposes to pilonidal sinuses, and this architecture is materially altered with the Z-plasty. In a series of 120 patients, there were only two recurrences and only five hematomas and wound abscesses. There were no necrosis of flaps and no wound disruptions. This represents an improvement over the results of other modalities of treatment of this disease. PMID- 7112369 TI - Revascularization of the visceral artery using the pantaloon vein graft. PMID- 7112370 TI - Hyperostosing meningiomas of the sphenoid ridge--clinical features, surgical therapy, and long-term observations: review of 49 cases. AB - Thirty-three patients with en plaque, 9 with en masse (but with extensive bone involvement), and 7 with recurrent hyperostosing meningiomas of the sphenoid ridge were operated on. All patients underwent large extradural resection of the base of the skull as well as extirpation of the intradural tumors or adjacent plaques. The periorbita was involved in 13 patients (26.5%). Seventeen patients (34.7%) needed reconstruction of the base of the skull. This was achieved with autogenous bone grafts. In all but 3 patients, invasion of the bone by meningiomatous tissue was demonstrated histologically. Operative mortality was 4%. Total removal was possible in 91% of the patients with meningiomas located at the pterion or middle third of the sphenoid ridge. More difficult was the total removal of meningiomas of the inner third or of the entire sphenoid ridge (47%). However, long-term results have proved to be satisfying. Early surgical therapy should always be considered as the treatment of choice for such meningiomas. PMID- 7112371 TI - Dynamic computed tomography in brain death. PMID- 7112373 TI - Bacterial intracranial aneurysm: importance of sequential angiography. PMID- 7112374 TI - Ventriculo-superior sagittal sinus shunt for hydrocephalus. AB - Fifty-two children with hydrocephalus had ventriculo-superior sagittal sinus shunts installed. Hydrocephalus was communicating in 18 patients and noncommunicating in 34. Eleven patients died in the immediate postoperative period: 2 from intraventricular hemorrhage; 7 from midline tumors, who were moribund on admission; and 2 from postoperative infection. Forty-one patients recovered from the operation, but the 17 who had tumors eventually died from their disease. Of the 24 surviving patients, 7 were lost to follow-up. The remaining 17 patients were followed for one to six years (average, 4 years, 9 months). Of the 24 patients, 9 (37.5%) needed revision of the tube because of blockage, 6 in the intraventricular end and 3 in the sinus end. PMID- 7112372 TI - Position-dependent hemifacial spasm. AB - Hemifacial spasm developed in a 32-year-old man following a brain stem stroke. This stroke followed a self-induced head movement, which is a rare cause of such events. The clonic movements were often related entirely to the position of the head. Carbamazepine was successful in treating the spasm and may be indicated in the medical treatment of this disorder. The differential diagnosis and treatment of hemifacial spasm are discussed. PMID- 7112375 TI - Surgical management of pineal area tumors in early childhood. PMID- 7112376 TI - Unifocal eosinophilic granuloma of the temporal lobe. AB - The clinical features, treatment, and two-year postoperative course of a 14-year old boy with unifocal eosinophilic granuloma of the temporal lobe are presented. A literature review of unifocal eosinophilic granuloma of the brain revealed 11 additional cases, 9 of which involved the hypothalamus and 1 each the frontal and temporal lobes. Four of the 9 patients with involvement of the hypothalamus developed multifocal disease, whereas none of the 3 who had frontal or temporal lobe involvement developed multifocal lesions. Effective therapy for eosinophilic granuloma in a single resectable site in the brain appears to be total excision. Low-dose radiation has been used to eradicate locally recurrent disease. PMID- 7112377 TI - Selective amygdalohippocampectomy as a surgical treatment of mesiobasal limbic epilepsy. AB - We report indications and techniques as well as preliminary results of a new microsurgical method of treatment for patients with drug-resistant psychomotor epilepsy in whom mesiobasal temporal lobe epilepsy has been diagnosed. The most important reason for surgical intervention in our series of 27 patients was their epilepsy. In 12 patients a tumor of the amygdala and/or hippocampal formation was suspected or had been proved. In 13 patients the amygdala and/or hippocampus had been delineated as the epileptogenic area by long-term monitored stereo electroencephalography. In the remaining 2 patients, clear-cut ictal findings on surface electroencephalography allowed operation. Preliminary results of this selective surgical procedure are very promising. They indicate that this type of psychomotor epilepsy can be treated more successfully in ths new way than by the classic removal of the temporal lobe or by stereotactic methods. After 6 to 73 months of follow-up (mean = 21), 22 patients were free of seizures. The postoperative neuropsychological follow-up studies showed better results than those for patients who underwent large temporal lobe resections. In more than half of the patients a clear-cut general improvement in tests of intellectual performance was found. Learning and memory impairments were also much less pronounced or even undetectable. PMID- 7112378 TI - Transient total ophthalmoplegia following internal carotid artery ligation for treatment of intracavernous giant aneurysm. PMID- 7112379 TI - Transient ischemic attacks caused by unruptured intracranial aneurysm. PMID- 7112380 TI - Bilateral occipital epidural hematomas. PMID- 7112381 TI - Intracranial neurilemoma of the spinal accessory nerve. PMID- 7112382 TI - The fate of untreated symptomatic cerebral aneurysms: analysis of 26 patients with clinical course of more than five years. PMID- 7112383 TI - Ring curettes for transsphenoidal pituitary operations. PMID- 7112384 TI - Neurovascular decompression with selective partial rhizotomy of the trigeminal nerve for tic douloureux. PMID- 7112385 TI - Tricuspid stenosis secondary to entanglement of ventriculoatrial Catheter in the Valve Leaflets. PMID- 7112387 TI - Amnesia after operations on aneurysms of the anterior communicating artery. AB - All patients with ruptured aneurysms admitted to neurosurgical departments in Denmark after April, 1978, are the subjects in the prospective study that includes neuropsychological examinations. Data from 48 patients with aneurysms of the anterior communicating artery have been analyzed. Trapping of the aneurysm was done in 11 patients and resulted in an amnesic syndrome in 9. Thirty-seven patients were operated upon by ligation of the neck of the aneurysm or similar procedures, resulting in 6 cases of amnesia. Trapping invariably disrupts blood supply through newly described dorsal perforating branches from the anterior communicating artery. These perforating branches may supply areas of vital importance to memory function. PMID- 7112386 TI - The three phases of vasospasm. AB - We propose the theory that prolonged cerebral vasospasm involves three phases: (1) the initial muscular contraction of the arterial wall; (2) a secondary injury to the artery that consists of endothelial desquamation with adherence of platelets to te denuded internal elastic lamina and mural thrombus formation; and (3) the repair process, which is the proliferative endarteropathy that has been observed in autopsy specimens. Cerebral ischemia can be the end product of any of these three conditions. We have postulated a possible subcycle in the overall scheme by which adherence of platelets to the denuded internal elastic lamina of the artery provide a continuously replenishing supply of spasmogenic chemical factors to the mural receptors and stimulate prolonged contraction of the muscular layer. We propose that this cycle may be interrupted by the administration of heparin. To test this hypothesis, the records of 112 consecutive patients who received systemic heparin in conjunction with carotid ligation were compared with the results of carotid ligation reported in the Cooperative Study, in which heparin was not used. The incidence of ischemic complications in the group of patients receiving heparin was 6%, as compared to 23% in control group, with a concomitant reduction in mortality from 16% to 10%. The incidence of recurrent subarachnoid hemorrhage was slightly less in the patients receiving heparin than in patients in the Cooperative Study. We conclude that the data provide support for our hypothesis of the mechanism of prolonged cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischemia associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage, and that systemic heparin may be used with relative safety in patients in whom the aneurysm if protected by partial carotid ligation. PMID- 7112388 TI - Urgent total removal of a lower clival meningioma. AB - A 50-year-old woman was first examined in the emergency room because of inadequate ventilation, rapidly developing respiratory paralysis, and papilledema. Multiple cranial nerve palsies and tetraparesis were present. Carotid angiogram demonstrated bilateral ventricular dilatation. Facilities for computerized tomography and vertebral angiography were not available. Ventriculograms revealed a filling defect of the fourth ventricle without displacement of the midline structures. Immediate exploration of the posterior fossa through a suboccipital craniectomy permitted microsurgical excision of a meningioma of the lower clivus. Spontaneous respirations returned postoperatively and a complete return of neurological functions ensued. The pertinent literature is reviewed. PMID- 7112389 TI - Traumatic postsurgical aneurysm of the intracavernous carotid artery: a delayed presentation. PMID- 7112390 TI - Bromocriptine-induced cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. PMID- 7112391 TI - The effect of acute spinal cord compression injury on thyroid function in the rat. AB - The effect of acute spinal cord injury on thyroid function was studied in rats subjected to severe spinal cord compression at T1. Serum thyroxine (T4), effective thyroxine index (ETI), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured at 1 and 100 minutes at one, three, and seven days after laminectomy and spinal cord injury. Control animals were subjected to laminectomy only. T4 was decreased at 1 minute after laminectomy with or without spinal cord injury, though the animals with cord injury had a much more profound reduction. The effects on TSH at 1 minute were dramatically different: laminectomy alone caused an elevation of TSH, while spinal cord injury produced a marked decline. At the later time intervals both groups showed gradual normalization of T4 and TSH levels, and at seven days there were no significant differences between the groups. Thus, acute spinal cord compression injury produced a major alteration in thyroid function during the acute phase. PMID- 7112392 TI - Acute appendicitis in children with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. PMID- 7112393 TI - Brain abscess and its surgical management. AB - A series of 56 patients with brain abscesses who were treated over a period of 23 years is reviewed. Patients with posttraumatic infections were not included. The operative mortality was 11%. Aspiration of purulent material, radical excision of the abscess, drainage of pus, or a combination of these procedures was used according to the patient's condition and the location of the abscess. The relatively low mortality may be related to the preoperative condition of these patients, who were operated upon in the subacute or chronic stage of their disease. Conservative surgery, especially when functionally important parts of the brain are involved, helps to keep the postoperative neurological deficit as low as possible. Computerized tomography is of primary importance in localizing, diagnosing, and following the evolution of a brain abscess. PMID- 7112394 TI - The chiasm: a medicolegal locus minoris resistentiae. PMID- 7112395 TI - The role of primary varicose veins in venous ulceration. AB - "Venous" ulceration is usually ascribed to deep venous insufficiency. We record the cases of 20 patients with 23 ulcers without a history suggestive of deep vein disease who were found to have a normal deep venous system when evaluated by Doppler ultrasound, ambulatory venous pressures, and photoplethysmography. All had gross varicose veins present for many years (mean 24 years; range 10 to 35 years), and only 14 limbs had incompetent calf perforating veins. Effective treatment is facilitated by recognition of the relationship of varicose ulcer to superficial venous disease, usually incompetence of the saphenofemoral junction, with or without the presence of incompetent calf perforating veins. PMID- 7112397 TI - Treatment of postshunt encephalopathy with secondary arterialization: an experimental study in the rat. AB - Secondary arterialization of the hepatic stump of the portal vein has been performed in rats 7 days after portacaval anastomosis (PCA) at a date when the electrocorticographic changes of postshunt encephalopathy were evident. A complete regression of encephalopathy ensued. This correlated with an increase in the weight of the liver and estimated hepatic blood flow. These results confirm the efficiency of liver arterialization, primary or secondary, in the treatment of postshunt encephalopathy. In the groups of rats studied in this experiment a significant correlation was always found among encephalopathy, liver weight: body weight ratio, and hepatic blood flow. This reinforces the hypothesis that a decrease in hepatic blood flow is the main factor in the generation of liver atrophy, decrease of hepatic function, and encephalopathy following portacaval shunt. Primary arterialization of the liver in humans has not gained much favor because of technical difficulties, a high mortality rate, and the absence of clear-cut evidence of its efficiency. Our results suggest that arterialization of the liver might better be kept as a secondary procedure for those cases in which encephalopathy develops after PCA. PMID- 7112396 TI - Intralymphatic and regional surgical adjuvant immunotherapy in high-risk melanoma of the extremities. AB - A prospective, controlled study of surgical adjuvant immunotherapy with intralymphatic methanol-extractable residue (MER) of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is preliminarily reported in 25 consecutive patients with high-risk malignant melanoma of the extremities. Patients were allocated on a random basis to receive preoperative intralymphatic immunotherapy with MER-BCG, surgical excision with regional lymphadenectomy and intraoperative infiltration of MER BCG, and postoperative monthly intradermal vaccinations with BCG; or surgery and lymphadenectomy alone. Twenty patients followed for more than 1 year are the basis of this report. Fifteen patients accepted randomization, whereas four patients entered the immunotherapy group and one entered the control group at their own insistence. Immunotherapy improved the disease-free survival of patients in this trial. There was one recurrence with death in the 13 patients treated with preoperative intralymphatic MER-BCG; whereas four of seven patients in the control group had recurrence (P = 0.015), at all four of these patients died during the same interval. PMID- 7112398 TI - The difficulty of quantifying the severity of carotid stenosis. AB - The problems of quantifying internal carotid stenoses were studied by analyzing 119 arteriograms. The normal carotid artery diameters, corrected for arteriographic magnification, are reported. Using these measurements, a theoretical comparison is made between the different methods that have been used for defining the severity of a carotid stenosis. Also, in the 119 arteriograms, the minimum residual lumen diameter of the stenosis was compared with the calculated percentage area of stenosis, the percentage diameter of stenosis, and the qualitative estimates of stenosis made by radiologists. Based on these data and other theories, it is concluded that the measurement of the minimum residual lumen diameter is the preferred method for quantifying the severity of carotid stenoses and that its use will avoid some of the current confusion in interpreting the results of noninvasive and clinical studies. PMID- 7112399 TI - Splenic abscess--presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. AB - Splenic abscess is an unusual entity. In the last 30 years at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, only 11 patients have been treated for clinically overt splenic abscess. Generally presenting with fever, leukocytosis, and left-sided upper abdominal pain in the setting of generalized sepsis, the majority had a distant source of bacteremia or an underlying defect in splenic architecture or function. Prior to 1970, diagnosis was one of exclusion, and delay in treatment was frequent. Recently, diagnosis has been facilitated by splenic scintiscans, ultrasonography, and computerized axial tomography. These techniques now afford earlier, objective evidence of splenic involvement. Although splenectomy controls local splenic suppuration, the ultimate prognosis rests on the underlying process predisposing the patient to development of splenic infection. PMID- 7112400 TI - Familial hyperparathyroidism caused by solitary adenomas. AB - Most cases of familial hyperparathyroidism are due to diffuse chief cell hyperplasia. No documented cases of familial disease associated with single adenomas in which multiple glands have been biopsied have been reported. The family described here had solitary adenomas proven in four members. Biopsy of other glands showed normal parathyroid tissue. Despite careful evaluation, additional endocrinopathies have not been found during a 24-year follow-up. PMID- 7112401 TI - Antibiotic bonding to polytetrafluoroethylene with tridodecylmethylammonium chloride. AB - Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) treated with the cationic surfactant, triodecylmethylammonium chloride (TDMAC), binds 14C-penicillin (1.5 to 2 mg antibiotic/cm graft), whereas untreated PTFE or PTFE treated with anionic detergents shows little binding of antibiotic. TDMAC-treated PTFE concomitantly binds penicillin and heparin, generating a surface that potentially can resist both infection and thrombosis. The retention of these biologically active molecules is not due to passive entrapment in the PTFE but reflects an ionic interaction between the anionic ligands and surface-bound TDMAC. Penicillin bound to PTFE is not removed by exhaustive washing in aqueous buffers but is slowly released in the presence of plasma or when the PTFE is placed in a muscle pouch in the rat. Muscle tissue adjacent to the treated PTFE shows elevated levels of antibiotic following implantation. PTFE treated with TDMAC and placed in a muscle pouch binds 14C-penicillin when it is locally irrigated with antibiotic or when penicillin is administered intravenously. Thus, the TDMAC surface treated either in vitro or in vivo with penicillin provides an effective in situ source for the timed release of antibiotic. PMID- 7112402 TI - Tolerance of bile duct to intraoperative irradiation. AB - In order to determine the effects of intraoperative radiation therapy of the bile duct and surrounding tissues, seven adult dogs were subjected to laparotomy and intraoperative irradiation with 11 MeV electrons. Two animals were treated at each dose level of 2000, 3000, and 4500 rads. A single dog which received a laparotomy and sham irradiation served as a control. The irradiation field consisted of a 5 cm diameter circle encompassing the extrahepatic bile duct, portal vein, hepatic artery, and lateral duodenal wall. The animals were followed clinically for mor than 18 months after treatment, and autopsies were performed on dogs that died to assess radiation-induced complications or tissue damage. All dogs developed fibrosis and mural thickening of the common duct, which appeared by 6 weeks following irradiation and which was dose-related, being mild at low doses and more severe at high doses. Hepatic changes were seen as early as 6 weeks after irradiation, consisting of periportal inflammation and fibrosis. The hepatic changes appeared earliest at the highest doses. Frank biliary cirrhosis eventually developed at all dose levels. Duodenal fibrosis appeared in the irradiation portal, being most severe at the highest doses and in some animals resulting in duodenal obstruction. No changes were observed in irradiated portions of portal vein and hepatic artery at any dose level. It was concluded that intraoperative radiation therapy delivered to the region of the common duct leads to ductal fibrosis, partial biliary obstruction with secondary hepatic changes, and duodenal fibrosis if bowel wall is included in the field. Clinical use of intraoperative radiation therapy to the bile duct in humans may require routine use of biliary and duodenal bypass to prevent obstructive complications. PMID- 7112403 TI - A technique for transduodenal sphincteroplasty. AB - A technique for transduodenal sphincteroplasty is presented. T-tube decompression of the common bile duct and subphrenic space drainage are routinely avoided. To date, results in 123 consecutive patients have been excellent. The single most troublesome wound complication, duodenal fistula, had been avoided in the most recent 68 patients by colonic or omental onlay of serosa. PMID- 7112404 TI - Perforation after gastric partitioning for morbid obesity. PMID- 7112405 TI - Bilateral extracranial-intracranial bypass before carotid ligation for hemorrhage into a pharyngocutaneous fistula. AB - In this article we present a discussion of the surgical treatment of a patient with spontaneous hemorrhage of the right carotid artery at the site of a pharyngocutaneous fistula following radiation therapy and radical neck surgery for carcinoma of the tonsil. The patient had an atherosclerotic left common carotid artery occlusion. This is the first reported case of bilateral saphenous vein extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass (EIAB). The rationale and results of the operative procedures performed and the benefits of immediate high-flow bypass graft implanted outside the contaminated surgical field before carotid artery ligation are discussed. EIAB should be considered for patients requiring therapeutic carotid artery ligation who have potentially inadequate collateral cerebral blood flow due to associated extracranial or intracranial vascular occlusions or anomalies. PMID- 7112407 TI - [Ankylosing spondyloarthritis and psoriasis]. PMID- 7112408 TI - [Results of a long-term study of the mechanisms of articular cartilage degeneration in primary osteoarthrosis deformans]. PMID- 7112406 TI - Statistical significance of carcinoembryonic antigen in plasma and pleural fluid. PMID- 7112409 TI - [Mixed connective tissue disease]. PMID- 7112411 TI - [Colchicine treatment of periodic disease]. PMID- 7112410 TI - [Regional blood flow and initial phases of mineral metabolism in articular tissue in primary osteoarthrosis deformans]. PMID- 7112412 TI - [Hemostatic state in arteriosclerosis obliterans of the arteries of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7112413 TI - [Diagnosis of crisis states in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7112414 TI - [Combination of pseudohypoparathyroidism and osteomalacia]. PMID- 7112416 TI - [Dextroposition of the aorta]. PMID- 7112415 TI - [Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on the microcirculatory state in clinically manifest rheumatoid vasculitis]. PMID- 7112417 TI - [Problem of the cyclic nature of the course of rheumatoid arthritis in light of long-term clinical outpatient observations]. PMID- 7112418 TI - [Clinical importance of rheumatoid factors (the problem of seropositive and seronegative rheumatoid arthritis)]. PMID- 7112419 TI - [Plasma exchange in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus using the new Y-S sac system]. PMID- 7112420 TI - [Antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens in systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 7112421 TI - [Clinical manifestations and the pathogenetic aspects of the hemorrhagic syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 7112422 TI - [Rheumatoid arthritis as a systemic disease]. PMID- 7112423 TI - [Clinical characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus in eastern Siberia]. PMID- 7112424 TI - [Circulating immune complexes (PEG tests) in systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 7112426 TI - [Hemosorption and a change in the homeostatic indices of the blood plasma in immunodependent diseases]. PMID- 7112425 TI - [Approaches to treatment optimization in idiopathic dermatomyositis]. PMID- 7112427 TI - [Clinical similarity and difference of seropositive and seronegative rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7112428 TI - [Tissue microcirculation in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7112430 TI - Computer program for searching the biomedical literature in teratology, developmental biology, and reproductive biology. AB - A word profile program has been developed in conjunction with the services of the Institute for Scientific Information for surveying the literature in teratology, developmental biology, and reproductive biology. It has been revised many times to improve the discriminating qualities of the program. It should provide scientists with a current review of the published articles in the field for a relatively low cost. This same program, if purchased as an individual subscriber, would cost ten times the ISI regular subscription price for the ASCA service. Colleagues and subscribers are encouraged to make recommendations that will improve the program. PMID- 7112429 TI - [Chlorbutin, azathioprine, D-penicillamine and dekaris (levamisole) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Comparative analysis of their effect on the indices of disease activity and progression]. PMID- 7112431 TI - Ectopia cordis cervicalis: a case report. PMID- 7112433 TI - Conjoined twins in the united states, 1970-1977. AB - The descriptive epidemiology of conjoined twinning in the United States was investigated using data from the Birth Defects Monitoring Program (BDMP), a nationwide congenital malformations surveillance system that monitors discharge diagnoses associated with a third of the births in the United States. This is the largest recorded series concerning conjoined twins; data were analyzed on 7,903,000 births monitored by the BDMP in the period 1970-1977. The analysis identified 81 sets of conjoined twins, for a crude incidence of 10.25 per million births. The most common types of conjoined twins were thoracoomphalopagus (28%), thoracopagus (18%), omphalopagus (10%), parasitic twins (10%), and craniopagus (6%). Conjoined twins are more common among females than males, and in nonwhites than whites. No maternal age effect was found. There was no evidence of seasonal or temporal clustering of the cases. The large number of conjoined twins who had birth defects that are not obviously linked to the conjoining (particularly neural tube defects and orofacial clefts) may provide insights into the pathogenesis of birth defects resulting from disordered embryonic migration and fusion. PMID- 7112434 TI - Sauna and congenital defects. AB - To test a recent hypothesis on the causal relationship between sauna-induced hyperthermia and congenital defects, 100 consecutive cases of defects of the central nervous system and 202 cases of orofacial clefts were singled out from the Finnish Registry of Malformations. The mothers and their time-area-matched referents were interviewed for their sauna habits. Almost every pregnant mother (98.5%) had visited the sauna regularly, and yet, the incidence of the CNS defects in Finland is among the lowest ever reported. No differences in the sauna habits were observed between the case and referent mothers. It is concluded that the relatively mild, temporal hyperthermia caused by the sauna should not be considered hazardous for the developing embryo. PMID- 7112432 TI - A study of alcohol effects on the brain during gestation and lactation. AB - Pregnant Wistar rats were maintained on a diet of food pellets and a 10% (v/v) solution of ethanol in water during pregnancy and up to 21 days postpartum. Control groups were given food pellets and water ad libitum. The consumption of food and liquid was monitored throughout this period, so that daily food- and ethanol-derived caloric intake, daily liquid intake, and dose of alcohol ingested could be determined. The body weights and whole brain weights of ethanol-exposed offspring did not differ significantly from controls at any time from birth up to 21 days postpartum. However, cerebellar weights were significantly reduced in 21 day-old ethanol-exposed offspring. Areal analysis of the cerebellar vermis showed a 9% reduction in 21-day-old ethanol-exposed offspring compared with controls. Although there were no differences in total vermal area between control and treated rats at 12 days, ethanol-exposed offspring had a significantly more extensive external granular layer. In midgestation, pregnant females registered peak alcohol levels of 118 mg/100 ml blood 1 hr prior to the end of the dark cycle, while during lactation peak levels of 135 mg/100 ml blood were obtained. Neonate alcohol levels peaked slightly later and reached much lower values (44 mg/100 ml blood) during the lactation period. Ingested alcohol intake and blood alcohol levels fall within the range associated in man with the fetal alcohol syndrome, and it is suggested that the experimental regime described is a useful method for investigating the effects of alcohol on the developing nervous system. PMID- 7112435 TI - The in vitro teratogenicity of cyclophosphamide in rat embryos. AB - When Day 10 rat embryos were grown in culture containing cyclophosphamide, an hepatic microsomal fraction (S-9), and cofactors for monooxygenation, they developed characteristic malformations. When a fixed volume of CP was added to cultures the number of malformed embryos was increased and their growth decreased dependent upon the S-9 concentration. In one group of experiments S-9 was prepared from animals which had been pretreated with either phenobarbital (PB) or 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA). All embryos cultured with CP by S-9 from animals pretreated with polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclor 1254) microliter/ml) was used. No malformations were seen under the same conditions when MCA-induced S-9 (0.25 12.5 microliter/ml) was substituted. The teratogenic activation of CP by S-9 from animals pretreated with polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclor 1254) was inhibited in vitro by the addition of either metyrapone or carbon monoxide. Embryos which were exposed to CP (25 mg/kg) in vivo on Day 10 were indistinguishable from embryos treated in vitro. All developed characteristic defects and had significant decreases in growth parameters when compared to control litters receiving only vehicle. No histological differences were seen between embryos treated in vivo or in vitro. These data provide further evidence that the teratogenicity of CP is dependent upon one or more maternal P450 monooxygenase systems. PMID- 7112436 TI - Interactions between cycloheximide and T-locus alleles during mouse embryogenesis. AB - Female CD-1 mice were mated with CD-1 X T/ + F1 males that were heterozygous for the brachyury (T') semidominant lethal gene or were +/+. Fetuses from CD-1 X +/+ matings were normal when observed on gestation Day 17 (plug day = Day 0). Those from the CD-1 X T/+ cross exhibited the expected 1:1 ratio of short:normal tail lengths, but 10% of these fetuses were tailless, apparently due to factors in the CD-1 genotype that increased the expressivity of the T-gene with regard to reduction of tail length. Additional CD-1 females were mated with CD-1 X tw18/+ F1 males. Fetuses from the CD-1 X tw18/+ matings were normal. CD-1 females carrying CD-1 X +/+, CD-1 X T/+, or CD-1 X tw18/+ litters were injected ip on gestation Day 9 with 30 mg/kg cycloheximide or were untreated. Cycloheximide was teratogenic for litters from all three crosses. Polydactyly, oligodactyly, and a variety of skeletal abnormalities were observed. Gross malformations and total skeletal malformations were increased in treated CD-1 X T/ + or tw18/+ litters in comparison with CD-1 X +/+ litters, as were nonvertebral skeletal defects in CD-1 X tw18/+ litters. Prenatal mortality was also greater in treated mutant containing litters than in +/+ litters, and fetal weights were similarly decreased in treated CD-1 X tw18/+ litters. The incidence of taillessness was also higher in treated (26%) than in control (10%) CD-1 X T/+ litters. Thus both the T and tw18 alleles appear to have enhanced the teratogenicity of cycloheximide, and the inhibitor may have increased the expressivity of T. PMID- 7112437 TI - Trisomy 16 in the mouse fetus associated with generalized edema and cardiovascular and urinary tract anomalies. AB - Murine trisomy (Ts) 16 occurs in the fetal and neonatal progeny of males doubly heterozygous for the Robertsonian metacentric chromosomes Rb(16.17)7Bnr/Rb(9.16)9Rma and "all acrocentric" females. The developmental aspects of this trisomy were studied between day 12 of gestation and birth. So far, postnatal survival longer than a few hours after birth has not been observed. The frequency of Ts 16 among all implants decreased from more than 20% on day 14 to values between 4% and 7% shortly before term. Main features of Ts 16 are moderate general hypoplasia, slight developmental retardation, and cardiovascular anomalies. These latter were found in 96% of the trisomies, the great majority belonging to the transposition type, i.e., riding aorta, double outlet right ventricle (DORV) and transposition of the great arteries (TGA). Association with common atrio ventricular (AV)-canal was frequent. Other anomalies as "open eyelid", hydronephrosis, and hydroureter seem to be attributable to the effects of retardation. Generalized transient edema was frequent in the later gestational stages of Ts 16. Severe cardiovascular malformation is possible one of the factors responsible for late fetal or neonatal death in some cases. Another factor probably contributing to Ts 16 fetal mortality is insufficiency of placental function due to hypoplasia of the fetal vasculature of this organ. The teratological study of Ts 16 demands interest since evidence has been forwarded to consider this trisomy as an animal model of human trisomy 21. PMID- 7112438 TI - What's new: a review of misconceptions concerning fibrinogen. PMID- 7112440 TI - Lymphadenitis due to Mycobacterium kansasii in an adult. PMID- 7112439 TI - Cerebrovascular disease: treatment of acute cerebral infarct. PMID- 7112442 TI - Today's physicians in training provide a glimpse into future. PMID- 7112441 TI - Hemoglobin Alc and diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 7112443 TI - The thinking behind the medical disclosure panel: an interview with Dean Page Keeton. PMID- 7112444 TI - [Behavioral family therapy, counseling and treatment. II]. PMID- 7112446 TI - [Some reflections about the sexual concerns of 13 to 14 year old adolescents (author's transl)]. PMID- 7112445 TI - [Adolescent sexuality]. PMID- 7112447 TI - [Contraception in adolescents according to recent scientific understanding]. PMID- 7112449 TI - [Adolescent pregnancy and labor]. PMID- 7112448 TI - [Contraception for adolescents (author's transl)]. PMID- 7112450 TI - [The psychology of pregnant minors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7112452 TI - [Psychic reactions of adolescent girls after legal abortion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7112451 TI - [Teenagers and interruption of pregnancy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7112453 TI - Shrinking pleuritis with atelectasis. AB - During a 10-year period 28 patients with shrinking pleuritis with atelectasis (SPA) were observed and operated upon. This lesion has been given different names in the literature, for instance rounded atelectasis, pleuroma, pulmonary pseudotumour, and lung folding. All patients except two were operated upon because of a diagnosis of pulmonary tumour. However, at operation no tumour was found. The aetiology and pathogenesis of SPA are discussed on the basis of X-ray, operative, and histopathological findings. PMID- 7112454 TI - Role of gallium 67 thoracic scintigraphy in the diagnosis and staging of patients suspected of bronchial carcinoma. AB - Gallium 67 (67Ga) lung scanning was performed in 100 consecutive cases in which because of the history, clinical data, or abnormal radiological findings, a bronchial carcinoma was suspected. This study allows the conclusion that a negative as well as a positive scan is an important element in the diagnosis of some cases of bronchial carcinoma. The method is most helpful in the preoperative diagnosis of circumscribed peripheral shadows and in the assessment of suspected hilar enlargement; it may even visualise hidden malignant tumours. Gallium 67 scanning is also valuable in the assessment of hilar and mediastinal involvement in the presence of a proven primary lung tumour. This study supports the view that in the presence of a negative mediastinal scan the patient may be spared mediastinoscopy and be referred directly for operation. PMID- 7112455 TI - Transbronchial fine needle aspiration. AB - In a pilot study, 21 patients underwent transbronchial fine needle aspiration (TBFNA) using a 45 cm-22 gauge needle guided by means of a semi-rigid metal sleeve, which was introduced through a standard rigid bronchoscope. A total of 33 aspirations were performed from main carina (15), paratracheal (five), and lobar carinal (13) foci. Six aspirations yielded malignant cellular samples, 22 aspirations presented only normal cells, and in five no adequate cellular sample was obtained. Fifteen patients underwent surgical exploration (mediastinoscopy with or without thoracotomy). Four of the cytologically malignant cases were explored and in three the aspiration site was confirmed histologically. In the remaining patients where the site of aspiration was explored, no tumour was demonstrated in the cytologically negative or cytologically inadequate cases. There were no complications from TBFNA. We suggest that TBFNA is useful in determining mediastinal malignant involvement rapidly and with lesser invasion than with current techniques. PMID- 7112456 TI - Avoidance of reperfusion injury after cardioplegia. AB - Myocardial damage incurred by ischaemia appears during and seems to be accelerated by reperfusion, which restores recoverable cells and disrupts badly damaged ones. Vicious cycles of oedema, calcium accumulation, acidosis, oxygen toxicity, fibrillation and air and platelet emboli contribute to the reperfusion injury. The philosophy of cool low-pressure reperfusion gradually restoring temperature and pressure to normal is here contrasted experimentally with that of immediate normothermic, normotensive perfusion after 90 minutes of ischaemic cool, cardioplegic arrest. The preparation was a canine heart which was treated according to the usual clinical protocol except that one group was reperfused at normal temperature and pressure, and the other group started reperfusion cool and at a low pressure and over the next 10 minutes pressure and temperature were restored to normal. Isovolumic ventricular function studies were done before ischaemia and after recovery and showed statistically significant differences between the groups in favour of the immediate restoration of normal temperature and pressure of perfusion. Contractile velocity and systolic pressure showed very highly significant (p = less than 0.005) differences, wall stress significant (p = less than 0.025) and compliance not significant differences between the groups. Reperfusion with optimal conditions may prevent "vicious cycle" changes in ischaemically damaged but recoverable myocardium. We have shown that a step in this direction is reperfusion with blood at normal temperature and pressure rather than initially at lowered temperature and pressure. PMID- 7112457 TI - Airway response to salbutamol: effect of regular salbutamol inhalations in normal, atopic, and asthmatic subjects. AB - This study was designed to determine whether resistance to the airway effects of the beta-agonist, salbutamol, would develop in three groups of subjects while taking large doses of inhaled salbutamol. Six normal non-atopic, six atopic non asthmatic, and eight atopic asthmatic subjects were studied by an identical technique. The development of resistance was assessed from salbutamol dose response studies in which the airway response was measured as specific airway conductance (sGaw). Further evidence was sought in the atopic and asthmatic subjects by measuring the airway response to a standard histamine inhalation challenge and the protective effect of 100 micrograms salbutamol on this challenge, and by six-hourly peak flow recordings. Subjects were assessed before and during four weeks in which they took inhaled salbutamol regularly in doses increasing to 500 microgram quid in week 4. Normal subjects showed a progressive reduction in the bronchodilator (sGaw) response to salbutamol during the four weeks, indicating the progressive development of resistance. The atopic subjects, both asthmatic and non-asthmatic, showed no reduction in the response to salbutamol during the four weeks, nor any change in the response to histamine challenge or in regular peak flow readings. These results demonstrate that asthmatic patients do not develop bronchial beta-adrenoceptor resistance easily and suggests that they and atopic non-asthmatic subjects are less susceptible to its development than normal subjects. PMID- 7112458 TI - Long-term stability of bronchial responsiveness to histamine. AB - Bronchial responsiveness to histamine was measured in 35 adult asthmatics whose symptoms were controlled on a minimum of medication. The tests were carried out on two occasions separated by 10-30 months. On each occasion the subjects had no symptoms of respiratory infection and no exposure to relevant allergens for at least six weeks. Bronchial responsiveness did not change in those who required no medication or inhaled salbutamol only to control their symptoms, but was significantly improved in those who required continuous treatment with both beclomethasone and salbutamol (p = 0.03). The results suggest that non-specific bronchial responsiveness remains similar over long periods when exacerbating factors are not present and that treatment with beclomethasone may reduce hyperresponsiveness. PMID- 7112459 TI - Reduced baroreceptor sensitivity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - Baroreceptor sensitivity, reflected by the slope of the linear regression of the electrocardiographic R-R interval on the rise of systolic blood pressure after injection of phenylephrine, was significantly lower in 27 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (4.67 +/- 2.67) than in 10 normal subjects (12.07 +/- 3.3) of comparable age (p less than 0.001). In 20 patients in whom right heart catheterisation was performed, pulmonary artery pressure was inversely related to baroreflex sensitivity (r = - 0.603, p less than 0.01). Independent variables such as arterial Po2, Pco2, and mean pulmonary artery pressure were examined in order to assess their ability to predict baroreflex sensitivity. The independent variable that made the most significant contribution was mean pulmonary artery pressure. It seems that the attenuation of baroreflex response in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is caused mainly by pulmonary hypertension and partly by the central effects of hypoxia and hypercapnia. PMID- 7112460 TI - Oesophagogastrectomy using the end-to-end anastomosing stapler. AB - The use of a mechanical instrument for accomplishing end-to-side oesophagogastrostomy is described. We report our experience with 30 consecutive patients undergoing oesophagogastrectomy--26 for malignant disease and four for benign peptic stricture. There were two immediate postoperative deaths. One patient developed a chylothorax and died six weeks after operation. The instrument failed to function satisfactorily on one occasion. There were no anastomotic leaks. PMID- 7112461 TI - High-dose inhaled terbutaline in the management of chronic severe asthma: comparison of wet nebulisation and tube-spacer delivery. AB - Eight patients with chronic severe asthma, poorly controlled by conventional doses of inhaled bronchodilator, were treated with high-dose inhaled terbutaline (4 mg four times daily), via either wet nebulisation of terbutaline respirator solution, or by tube-spacer aerosol, using cannisters delivering 1 mg terbutaline per metered dose. All patients improved objectively and subjectively on these higher dosage regimens during both day and night. A trial of high-dose inhaled beta2 sympathomimetic therapy should be considered in any patient with chronic severe asthma who fails to obtain benefit from standard doses of inhaled bronchodilator. PMID- 7112463 TI - Lymphomatoid granulomatosis: report of a case. PMID- 7112464 TI - Localised pulmonary arteritis in rheumatoid disease. PMID- 7112462 TI - Total effective time of the forced expirogram in disease: sources of error and a correction factor. AB - Effective time of the forced expirogram is a sensitive index for the detection of mild airways obstruction. However, there is evidence that this measurement is not superior to maximum flow rates in the lower half of the forced vital capacity or even FEV1 and FEV1% in some patients suffering from obstructive lung disease. Furthermore we noticed that in some patients with a decrease of the forced vital capacity caused by exacerbation of airways obstruction, the effective time was not appreciably changed. We concluded that this apparent disadvantage of the effective time is the result of the different forced vital capacities. To eliminate this error we transformed the forced expirogram to the equivalent curve that the patient would produce, if his forced vital capacity was equal to the predicted mean value for his age, sex, and height. The derived corrected total effective time seems to have increased sensitivity for detection of small changes in expirograms obtained from the same subject or from different subjects. PMID- 7112465 TI - Acute fulminating intrapulmonary haemorrhage in Wegener's granulomatosis. PMID- 7112466 TI - Bilateral hilar adenopathy: an unusual presentation of renal cell carcinoma. PMID- 7112467 TI - Lipoid pneumonia with Cryptococcus neoformans colonisation. PMID- 7112468 TI - Smoking habits of long-term survivors of surgery for lung cancer. AB - The smoking habits of 52 patients who had survived more than five years after treatment for lung cancer were studied. Fifty-six per cent had stopped smoking before operation but this was not an early feature of the disease. No patients smoked in the immediate postoperative period but 48% became regular smokers again, usually within a year of the operation. Those who had stopped before, rather than after, their operation were more likely to remain nonsmokers. Doctors were usually unsuccessful in persuading those patients who had restarted after surgery to stop smoking. Patients undergoing surgery for lung cancer should be advised to stop smoking before the operation. Those in whom resection is successful should receive regular support and encouragement from doctors, especially in the first postoperative year, to continue as nonsmokers. PMID- 7112469 TI - Intra-epithelial mast cells in human airway epithelium: evidence for smoking induced changes in their frequency. AB - A morphological and quantitative study was performed on the respiratory epithelium of human distal airways in 20 lungs removed at operation for the treatment of carcinoma. Using 1 micron araldite sections stained with Toluidine Blue for light microscopy, with further electron microscopic study where required, we have described mast cells in the epithelium of bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, and respiratory bronchioles. Examination of these cells at both microscopic levels demonstrates many of the typical features of mast cells- namely, metachromatic granules on staining with toluidine blue at light microscopic level, surface microvillous processes, and numerous dense intracytoplasmic granules with a whorled substructure at electron microscopy. Furthermore, we have identified cells devoid of granular material which may be recognised as mast cells by virtue of their nuclear and cell surface characteristics--the occurrence of a spectrum of change between those cells devoid of granular material and those with full granule content; and a few cells in which we found both typical dense, whorled granules and large lucent vacuoles devoid of such material. Quantitation of all respiratory epithelial cells by light microscopy shows that mast cells comprise 0-2% of the total population. A higher proportion of mast cells was found in the epithelium of smokers than in non-smokers. Because of the presence of many epithelial mast cells devoid of granule content, we suggest that the use of traditional 4 microns paraffin sections stained with thiazine dyes to study mast cells would lead to a marked underestimation of the epithelial population. PMID- 7112470 TI - Bronchogenic carcinoma in Northern India. AB - A study of 336 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma was carried out in Chandigarh, Northern India. The findings suggest that its epidemiology differs in several respects from that in Western countries. Almost a third of all patients and 94.4% of the 54 women had never smoked. The peak frequency of bronchogenic carcinoma occurred between the ages of 51 and 60 years, 14.6% of the patients being aged less than 41 years. Of the 232 smokers and ex-smokers, 48.3% had smoked only cigarettes, 28.4% only bidis (made of naturally cured tobacco), 19.8% both cigarettes and bidis, and 3.4% hukkas. There was a clear association between duration of smoking and frequency of carcinoma. Tumours were classified in 287 (85%) of the patients. Squamous-cell carcinoma was relatively more frequent (32.4%) than any other tumour type and occurred almost exclusively in smokers. Adenocarcinoma was found in 13.2% of patients and was the most frequent tumour in non-smokers. No differences of histological type were found between cigarette smokers and bidi smokers. PMID- 7112471 TI - Occupational asthma in electronics workers caused by colophony fumes: follow-up of affected workers. AB - Thirty-nine electronics workers were investigated by bronchial provocation testing to soldering fluxes containing colophony and were followed up one to four years later. At presentation and on follow-up each worker had nonspecific bronchial reactivity measured with inhaled histamine, and also had detailed measurements of lung function and estimation of total immunoglobulin levels. They completed a questionnaire designed to detect residual disability. The workers were divided into three groups. Twenty had left work after their initial diagnosis, eight had been moved to alternative work within their original factories, and 11 were thought to have asthma unrelated to colophony exposure as they failed to react to colophony at presentation. Histamine reactivity had returned to normal in half the workers who had left their original factories, but in only one worker who had moved within her original factory. This suggested that the nonspecific bronchial reactivity to histamine was the result rather than the cause of the occupational asthma, and that indirect exposure at work was sufficient to delay recovery of histamine reactivity. However, only two of the 20 affected workers who had left their original factories were symptom free on follow-up, and most had a considerable reduction in their quality of life by continuing asthma, which was particularly provoked by exercise, respiratory infections, and nonspecific irritants. Continuing symptoms may have been caused by domestic sources of colophony, or possibly the failure to eliminate colophony from the lungs. PMID- 7112472 TI - Endobronchial metastatic disease. AB - Between 1969 and 1979, 90 patients of the Thoracic Surgical Unit at Harefield Hospital were found to have pulmonary metastatic disease. In 25 instances (28%) the diagnosis was established by bronchial biopsy. Twenty-four patients had endobronchial metastatic carcinoma and in one metastatic sarcoma was diagnosed. All but one had a past history of malignancy, the interval between treatment of the primary and appearance of the endobronchial metastasis ranging from a few months to 17 years. Primary sites in these patients included large intestine, breast, cervix, uterus, and bladder. There were four instances of metastatic malignant melanoma. The pulmonary secondaries were resectable in 10 patients and in one a second resection was done for a further metastasis three years after the first. Three patients are still alive two, four, and 10 years later. PMID- 7112473 TI - Thoracic metastases. AB - One hundred and four patients are reviewed who were found to have thoracic metastases arising from distant primaries. Ninety lesions were intrapulmonary and the remainder involved other thoracic structures, such as chest wall and pleura. The tissue diagnosis was established in all but eight patients. Cases were included only if review of the histology revealed that both primary and secondary tumours were identical. The chest lesion was the presenting feature of the disease in 21 patients. In the remainder, the interval between treatment of the primary and appearance of the thoracic metastasis varied from a few months to 25 years. Twelve patients had metastatic sarcoma. The remainder had metastases from the gastrointestinal tract (29), from the genitourinary tract (32), from breast primaries (18), and a miscellaneous group (13) which included five instances of malignant melanoma and metastases from adrenal, laryngeal, and thyroid primaries. The metastases were treated surgically in 47 patients. In the light of cell type, availability of nonsurgical methods of treatment, site of metastasis, and survival, an attempt is made to evaluate the place of surgery in the management of thoracic metastatic disease. PMID- 7112474 TI - Transatrial repair of double-outlet right ventricle in infants. AB - In three infant cases of double outlet right ventricle (DORV), two with normally related great arteries (NGA) and one with side-by-side great arteries, a transatrial repair was carried out. In all three cases, the results were excellent. It is concluded that in the small baby with DORV with NGA and in DORV with side-by-side great arteries with a hypoplastic crista, a transatrial repair should be successful. This is dependent on the VSD being in the perimembranous (and, therefore, subaortic) location and on the absence of infundibular pulmonary stenosis. In all other varieties of DORV the repair should probably be done through the ventricle. PMID- 7112477 TI - Arterial fistula between the left internal mammary artery and left pulmonary artery. PMID- 7112476 TI - Trichomonas empyema. PMID- 7112478 TI - Chest wall "pneumoma": a hitherto unreported clinical entity. PMID- 7112475 TI - Coronary artery to left atrium fistula requiring revascularisation: case report and literature review. AB - Only 12 cases of coronary artery to left atrium fistula have been reported, with successful correction in at least seven. We describe a unique case of repair of a left main coronary artery to left atrium fistula using revascularisation with general discussion of the embryology, pathophysiology, complications, and diagnosis of these fistulae, indications for operation, and guidelines for surgical management. PMID- 7112479 TI - Pendulating endobronchial rhabdomyosarcoma with fatal asphyxia. PMID- 7112480 TI - Plexiform lesions with giant cells. PMID- 7112481 TI - Atypical Meigs' syndrome. PMID- 7112482 TI - Clustering of sarcoidosis. PMID- 7112483 TI - Measurement of bronchial reactivity: a question of interpretation. PMID- 7112484 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of a new antiarrhythmic drug, bunaftine, after oral administration (author's transl)]. PMID- 7112485 TI - [Influence of josamycine treatment on carbamazepine kinetics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7112486 TI - [Centrally acting antihypertensive agents (author's transl)]. PMID- 7112487 TI - [The treatment of hypertension in pregnancy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7112488 TI - [Iatrogenic drug pancreatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7112489 TI - [Bradycardia and hypotension induced by clonidine and isosorbide dinitrate (author's transl)]. PMID- 7112492 TI - [Ticlopidine: blood and liver involvement?]. PMID- 7112490 TI - [Severe hyperkalemia induced by the combination of Cycloteriam and Bouillet dietetic salt]. PMID- 7112491 TI - [Potentiation of the effects of acenocoumarol by miconazole]. PMID- 7112494 TI - Pharmacological studies on the antithrombotic action of hirudin in experimental animals. AB - The pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of hirudin were studied in dogs, rabbits and rats. Hirudin proved to be a well tolerated substance with low toxicity. After intravenous injection it was eliminated with a half time of 50 to 60 min. It was nearly completely excreted through the kidneys in biologically active form. The efficacy of hirudin in preventing venous thrombosis, vascular shunt occlusion and disseminated intravascular coagulation in rats was demonstrated. PMID- 7112493 TI - Secretion defect in platelets stored at 4 degrees C. AB - To understand the functional changes induced by storage, we have examined the adenine nucleotides of platelets stored for 72 hr at 22 degrees C and 4 degrees C. Ten platelet concentrates (PC) were stored at each temperature with five in each group having a final volume of 50 ml and 30 ml. The total ATP and ADP content of platelets decreased following storage in all 4 groups of PC, with the decrease being greater in the PC stored at 22 degrees C than those at 4 degrees C. The mean thrombin secretable ATP + ADP content of platelets from PC stored at 22 degrees C and 4 degrees C were 29.7% and 19.7% of the total content, respectively (p less than 0.001). Thus, cold stored platelets have a higher total content of ATP + ADP but secrete distinctly lesser amounts than 22 degrees C stored platelets. Labeling of the metabolic pool adenylates with 14C-adenine revealed a greater decrease in the adenylate energy charge of the platelets stored at 4 degrees C. The secretion defect demonstrated in cold stored platelets may be related to the inability of these platelets to maintain ATP homeostasis. PMID- 7112495 TI - Predicting the dose of warfarin for therapeutic anticoagulation. AB - The validity of a previously described technique for predicting warfarin requirements based on the anticoagulant response to a fixed loading dose was assessed prospectively in 57 patients. There was a close relationship between the predicted and initially observed daily warfarin dose required to maintain the patient within the therapeutic range for anticoagulation. The significant relationship between predicted and observed maintenance dose persisted at 4 and 12 weeks although it decreased with increasing time. The relationship between observed and predicted maintenance requirement of warfarin was not affected by the concomitant use of intermittent intravenous injections of heparin when 9 hr was allowed to elapse between the previous dose of heparin and the thrombotest estimation on which the prediction was based. It is concluded that the method is valuable in predicting an individual's warfarin requirement, although it does not obviate the need for regular monitoring of anticoagulant control. PMID- 7112496 TI - Mepacrine labelling test and uranaffin cytochemical reaction in human megakaryocytes. AB - 5-HT storage organelles were observed by electron microscope analysis in human megakaryocytes. They were less numerous per unit of surface than in platelets. Their number depended on the visualization technique employed. Thus after fixation with calcium-enriched glutaraldehyde a higher number of very opaque organelles was observed than of uranaffin-positive organelles after the cytochemical uranaffin reaction. With conventional electron microscopy deep black granules characteristic of dense bodies were not observed. Fluorescent microscopy showed greenish-yellow granules distributed throughout the whole cytoplasm in 96 +/- 1.4% of normal megakaryocytes incubated with mepacrine. In 85.6 +/- 5%, 5.28 +/- 1.28 granules per 10 microns 2 were observed. With the mepacrine labelling test, 74% of the megakaryocytes of a patient with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome contained no granules. A similar finding was made in the platelets of the same patient. This suggests that mepacrine also stains the dense bodies in the megakaryocytes and that in the Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome the platelet anomaly is secondary to a megakaryocyte anomaly. PMID- 7112497 TI - Lipoprotein fractions and antithrombin III consumption during clotting. AB - Plasma and serum antithrombin levels were measured in functional (initial rate measurement) and immunological assays together with serum lipid levels in normal subjects and patients with coronary artery disease. Specific antithrombin activity in plasma showed a negative correlation with triglyceride levels. The consumption of antithrombin activity during blood clotting was negatively correlated with both serum total triglyceride and heparin precipitable lipoprotein and positively correlated with serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Different blood lipoprotein fractions may influence the activity of the antithrombin III molecule. PMID- 7112499 TI - Effects of heparin oligosaccharides with high affinity for antithrombin III in experimental venous thrombosis. AB - The in vitro and in vivo characteristics of two oligosaccharide heparin fragments have been compared to those of unfractionated mucosal heparin. A decasaccharide fragment had essentially no activity by APTT or calcium thrombin time assays in vitro, but possessed very high specific activity by anti-Factor Xa assays. When injected into rabbits at doses of up to 80 microgram/kg, this fragment was relatively ineffective in impairing stasis thrombosis despite producing high blood levels by anti-Xa assays. A 16-18 monosaccharide fragment had even higher specific activity (almost 2000 iu/mg) by chromogenic substrate anti-Xa assay, with minimal activity by APTT. When injected in vivo, this fragment gave low blood levels by APTT, very high anti-Xa levels, and was more effective in preventing thrombosis than the decasaccharide fragment. However, in comparison with unfractionated heparin, the 16-18 monosaccharide fragment was only partially effective in preventing thrombosis, despite producing much higher blood levels by anti-Xa assays. It is concluded that the high-affinity binding of a heparin fragment to antithrombin III does not by itself impair venous thrombogenesis, and that the anti-Factor Xa activity of heparin is only a partial expression of its therapeutic potential. PMID- 7112498 TI - Determination of the density distribution of human platelets--methodological aspects and comparison with other tests for platelet activation. AB - Stimulation of human platelets to release results in decreased buoyant density. This decreased density provides a tool to detect circulating platelets which have participated in a thrombotic process. Platelet density gradient centrifugation using Stractan was standardized and the effects of anticoagulation, temperature, and osmolarity were investigated. In 7 out of 32 patients with thrombotic disease less dense platelets were found. Platelet activation in the patient group was also indicated by spontaneous aggregation (10/32), decreased circulating platelet aggregate ratios (5/24) and elevated plasma beta-thromboglobulin levels (2/ 11). Several of these tests were also abnormal in diabetes mellitus thrombocytosis, leukaemia and several systemic diseases with thrombotic complications. The platelet density test using Stractan is reproducible and independent of other tests for platelet activation and is therefore potentially a useful extension of platelet function testing in patients with thrombotic disease. PMID- 7112500 TI - Desensitisation in human and rabbit blood platelets. PMID- 7112502 TI - A clinical and phlebographic study of postoperative deep vein thrombosis following knee meniscus extirpation. AB - To evaluate the risk of deep vein thrombosis, a clinical and phlebographic examination was performed 7 to 16 days after a bloodless knee meniscus operation in 37 male patients aged 20 to 35 years. Anticoagulant prophylaxis was not administered. Phlebography revealed asymptomatic calf vein thrombosis in three patients and these were not treated. In two of these phlebography was repeated after six weeks, and complete regression of the thrombi was noted. The present study may underestimate the frequency of postoperative venous thrombosis, as some thrombi may already have lysed at the time of phlebography. However, our results indicate a low incidence of thrombosis after knee meniscus extirpation. PMID- 7112501 TI - Patterns of adsorption of proteins from human plasma onto foreign surfaces. AB - The deposition of proteins on blood-contacting surfaces is known to be a determining factor in subsequent thromboembolic events. The composition of the protein layers and how they change with time are unknown. To generate information relevant to these questions, the quantities of albumin, fibrinogen and IgG adsorbed on seven surfaces from human plasma as a function of time were measured using a tracelabeling method. Materials studied include several segmented polyether-urethanes, glass, siliconized glass (SG), polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene (PE). Fibrinogen, surprisingly, was not adsorbed from plasma to any of the hydrophilic surfaces. On PE and SG adsorption passed through an early maximum (before 2 min) then declined to near zero. Only on PS was adsorption substantial and constant with time. Albumin was also not detected on the hydrophilic surfaces. IgG but was adsorbed substantially on the hydrophobic surfaces. IgG was detected on all surfaces, although in relatively low surface concentrations. These results suggest: 1. that the plasma itself interacts with initially adsorbed proteins, 2. that the role of fibrinogen adsorption in foreign surface initiated thrombosis may need to be reevaluated and 3. that since the major plasma proteins are only minimally adsorbed, trace proteins may be important in blood-material interactions. PMID- 7112503 TI - Measurement of blood heparin levels--variation in results with assay method. PMID- 7112504 TI - Sustained increase in anti-Xa activity by low-dose heparin in medical patients. PMID- 7112505 TI - Additional evidence for a lack of correlation between anticoagulant activity and phospholipid hydrolysis by snake venom phospholipases A2. PMID- 7112506 TI - Studies on a highly active anticoagulant fraction of high molecular weight isolated from porcine sodium heparin. AB - We have studied heparin fractionation using gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatographic methods. The starting material was commercial grade porcine mucosal sodium heparin (PSH). The fractionation was monitored employing synthetic substrates for assaying both antithrombin (with H-D-Phe-Pip-Arg-pNA ; S-2238) and anti-FXa (with Bz-Ileu-Glu-Gly-Arg-pNA ; S-2222) activities. The resulting fractions were evaluated in different amidolytic and coagulation methods used to determine heparin potency by comparison with PSH. By gel filtration of PSH on Ultrogel Aca 54, both strong anti-FXa and antithrombin activities were associated with the fractions eluted in the high molecular weight range (MW congruent to 20 x 10(3)). These fractions also had potent anticoagulant action when assayed by conventional clotting methods. PSH was also subjected to fractionation by an ion exchange technique (DEAE-Sephacel) with increasing salt molarity. The patterns for antithrombin and anti-FXa activities were again closely related, if not identical. Four fractions were usually distinguished, with respectively negligible, intermediate, high and very high activities when compared to PSH. The very highly active fraction (HAF), approximately 15% by weight, was eluted at high salt molarity (greater than 0.8 M NaCl). On a weight basis its anticoagulant activity was congruent to 2-3 times that of PSH as determined by amidolytic as well as clotting methods. Intravenous injection of HAF to rabbits and dogs (1.0 and 2.5 mg/kg) produced a much stronger anticoagulant response than PSH, also showing an effect which persisted for a longer duration. PMID- 7112507 TI - Anticoagulant and antithrombotic effects of heparin and low molecular weight heparin fragments in rabbits. AB - Heparin and heparin fragments of different molecular weight and with different anti-factor Xa/APTT activity ratios were studied with respect to their ability to inhibit thrombus formation in an animal model. It is concluded that: a) Neither anti-factor Xa nor the APTT activity alone is a good reflector of the antithrombotic activity. b) Anti-factor Xa active fragments must have a minimum molecular weight in order to elicit good antithrombotic activity. c) High affinity for antithrombin III is important for good antithrombotic activity. d) A heparin fragment of molecular weight 4 000 has the same antithrombotic activity as heparin but less effect on the clotting time. PMID- 7112508 TI - The effect of human plasma on platelet function in familial hypercholesterolemia. AB - Using a platelet-rich plasma (PRP) preparation, platelets from subjects with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) were found to be more reactive to the aggregating agents epinephrine, ADP and thrombin than platelets obtained from normal individuals. Gel-filtered platelets (GFP) i.e. platelets free of any plasma constituents also showed increased activation as determined by platelet aggregation and 14C-serotonin release. On incubating washed platelets from normal subjects with plasma obtained from FH subjects the platelet response to aggregating agents was significantly increased. Incubation of washed platelets from the FH patients with normal plasma, however, resulted in a significant decrease in platelet activity. Our data suggest that the increased platelet activation in FH patients is the result of a change in the platelets induced by abnormal plasma constituents. PMID- 7112510 TI - On pores in fibrin gels. PMID- 7112509 TI - Preparation of highly stable antithrombin-sepharose and utilization for the fractionation of heparin. PMID- 7112511 TI - Contact activation by ellagic acid - the concept of soluble activator disputed. AB - Concentrated, true solutions of ellagic acid (EA) prepared by pH reduction had only a small effect on contact activation initially. However when the EA formed a fine microcrystalline dispersion there was concurrent development of contact activity with turbidity. The dependence of contact activity on EA concentration was found to be a log-log relationship. After relatively low speed centrifugation contact activity-promoting material was decreased from supernatant layers at all concentrations. These findings suggest that EA is not effective as a contact activator when in true solution, but is active only when present as a solid. PMID- 7112512 TI - On the mechanism of heparin-induced potentiation of platelet aggregation. AB - The role of antithrombin III (AT III) in heparin-induced potentiation of platelet aggregation was investigated using purified AT III and AT III depleted plasma. When ADP or epinephrine was added to citrated platelet rich plasma (PRP) one minute after addition of heparin, marked enhancement of platelet aggregation was observed, compared with the degree of platelet aggregation in the absence of heparin. However, heparin exhibited no potentiating effect on ADP- or epinephrine induced platelet aggregation when platelets were resuspended in AT III depleted plasma prepared by immunosorption using matrix-bound antibodies to AT III. When purified AT III was added to AT III depleted plasma at a concentration of 20 microgram/ml, potentiation of platelet aggregation by heparin was clearly demonstrated. These results suggest that the effect of heparin on platelet aggregation is also mediated by AT III. PMID- 7112513 TI - Platelet count, platelet aggregation and fibrinogen levels following acute induction to high altitude (3200 and 3771 metres). AB - Two groups of 20 subjects each were separately exposed to altitudes of 3200 m and 3771 m for 10 days by rapid induction requiring 14 and 16 hours respectively to reach high altitude camps. A statistically significant fall in platelet counts was observed from day 2 at 3200 m and day 3 at 3771 m and counts remained decreased. Platelet aggregation was also decreased initially at both altitudes. Blood fibrinogen decreased only on day 2 at 3771 m with a significant increase over control values by day 10 at both altitudes. PMID- 7112515 TI - Are synthetic inhibitors able to improve factor Xa assays using peptide substrates? PMID- 7112514 TI - Distinction of two pathologic antithrombin III molecules: antithrombin III "Aalborg' and antithrombin III "Budapest'. AB - Plasma from two different thrombophilic families with functional inherited antithrombin III deficiency, i.e., with low antithrombin III activity but normal immunoreactive antithrombin III concentration, were investigated simultaneously in the same laboratory. The experiments (thrombin and Factor Xa inactivation, heparin affinity chromatography, modified two dimensional immunoelectrophoresis and gel filtration) showed a distinct difference between the two antithrombin III anomalies. The antithrombin III "Aalborg' had decreased thrombininactivating activity but normal Factor Xa-inactivating activity. The heparin affinity and the molecule weight are normal. The antithrombin III "Budapest' displays a more profound abnormality with pathologic thrombin and Factor Xa inactivation, decreased heparin affinity and abnormal molecular weight. PMID- 7112516 TI - Antithrombin III in normal pregnancy. AB - Plasma antithrombin III (AT III) was determined in 94 women during and after normal pregnancy employing an automated amidolytic technique. The patients were selected on the following criteria: no toxaemia, spontaneous delivery at term, birth-weight above the 10th percentile and discharged with a healthy baby. AT III levels during pregnancy and early puerperium were not lower than own control values obtained 6-8 weeks after delivery. PMID- 7112517 TI - Lactoperoxidase iodination of desaminotyrosylfibrinopeptide A (TYR-FPA) for radioimmunoassay. PMID- 7112518 TI - Demonstration of a direct anti-factor Xa activity in certain heparin-related glycosaminoglycans. AB - Heparan sulphate/heparin subfractions with high plasma anti-Xa activity have an unusual uronate composition, i.e. high proportions of both glucuronate and sulphated iduronate. These preparations inhibit the amidase activity of factor Xa in an uncompetitive mode and the prothrombin-activation catalyzed by Xa, both in the absence of antithrombin III. Subfractions of low affinity for antithrombin III are equally potent against Xa. The anti-X activity is destroyed by a 3-h periodate oxidation. PMID- 7112519 TI - Alpha chain crosslinks of human fibrin: purification and radioimmunoassay development for two A alpha chain regions involved in crosslinking. AB - Rapid and efficient purification methods that include hydrophobic chromatography on Phenyl Sepharose CL-4B have been developed for the peptides that span residues 241-476 (CNBr VIII), and 518-584 (CNBr X) in the A alpha chain of human fibrinogen. Amino acid analysis, NH2-terminal sequence determination, and SDS PAGE indicated that greater than 95% purity of each peptide was achieved. Sensitive and specific radioimmunoassays capable was achieved. Sensitive and specific radioimmunoassays capable of detecting antigen in the range of 0.1-10.0 pmol/ml have also been developed for CNBr VIII and CNBr X. These assays have been characterized and successfully applied in studies designed to localize the two COOH-terminal A alpha chain regions in column effluents of CNBr-digested fibrinogen and crosslinked fibrin. When these immunoassays were used to study purified preparations of a high molecular weight, crosslink-containing CNBr derivative of a alpha polymer, the data provided immunologic confirmation for the involvement of CNBr VIII and CNBr X in alpha chain crosslinking. PMID- 7112520 TI - The loss of sialic acid and its prevention in stored human platelets. AB - The loss of sialic acid was determined in human platelets stored during a seven day period in their homologous plasma. Approximately 30% of the sialic acid was lost during the first three days of incubation at room temperature and a total of 73% was lost after seven days. The rapid in vitro loss of sialic acid may mimic a slower in vivo loss. It was found that platelets with a greater density had a higher sialic acid content than the less dense platelets. The loss of sialic acid from stored platelets could be completely inhibited by the addition of silyl compounds to the incubation plasma. The trisaccharide, N-acetylneuramin-lactose, gave a greater degree of protection than fetuin at comparable concentrations. PMID- 7112522 TI - [Polyodontia and abnormal forms of teeth in dogs (author's transl)]. AB - Polyodontia was observed in forty-seven (13 per cent) out of 373 dogs studied. These forty-seven dogs with polyodontia included sixteen Boxers. The supernumerary tooth was situated in the proximity of the first premolar in the maxilla in thirty-two dogs. The following abnormal forms were observed among the teeth of the dogs: dichotomy of an incisor in a Fox Terrier and a Great Dane, a pair of geminate teeth at the site of the first mandibular premolar in a Rottweiler and a fused premolar near the first maxillary premolar in a Boxer. The possible pathogenesis of polyodontia and abnormal tooth forms is discussed. PMID- 7112521 TI - Observations during the treatment with antithrombin-III concentrate of a case of a tampon-related toxic shock syndrome and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Discrepancies between functional and immunologic determinations of antithrombin. PMID- 7112523 TI - [Caries, enamel hypoplasia, and dental discolouration in dogs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7112524 TI - [Pulp stones and cementicles in cattle, a goat, a dog, and a rat (author's transl)]. PMID- 7112525 TI - [Effect of and length of protection offered by Cepravin Dry Cow in the prevention of summer-mastitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7112526 TI - [Inaccuracy in the administration of carbadox to swine]. PMID- 7112527 TI - [Veterinarians' violation of the antibiotics law and legislation on the quality of the practice of veterinary medicine]. PMID- 7112529 TI - Increased frequency of HLA-Aw19 in Kaposi's sarcoma. PMID- 7112528 TI - Sperm priming reveals specific autoreactive lymphocyte clones. AB - Human spermatozoa from 18 donors were used to prime lymphocytes from 15 donors in a total of 60 different combinations. The sperm primed lymphocytes were tested in second culture against a total of 60 autologous and 180 allogeneic x-ray irradiated cells. We found that lymphocytes primed for 10-12 days in first culture with allogeneic spermatozoa showed highly significant responses in second culture to leukocytes autologous to the responder. The degree of autologous reactivity between specific subjects ranged from weak to significantly higher than the usual preferential primed lymphocyte typing reaction seen in a secondary mixed leukocyte culture reaction. These findings indicate that healthy human volunteers possess a set of self-reactive lymphocytes that can be detected by priming with allogeneic sperm in specific combinations. PMID- 7112530 TI - Electron microscopical characterization of sponge aggregation factors. AB - Aggregation factors, purified from 14 sponges which belong to the classes Tetraxonida and Cornacuspongia, Were visualized electron microscopically. Two types of basic structural forms were detected; first, circular structures from the species Ancorina cerebrum, Mycale massa, Hemimycale columella, Crella rosea, Clathria coralloides, Axinella cannabina, Pellina semitubulosa, Ircinia muscarum, Hippospongia communis, Verongia aerophoba and second, rod-like structures from Tethya lyncurium, Tedania anhelans, Hymeniacidon sanguinea, Dysidea tupha. In most of the cases the structures carry side chains. PMID- 7112531 TI - Culture of bovine mammary epithelial cells on collagen gels. AB - A method for the isolation of lobules of acini from bovine mammary gland and their storage in liquid nitrogen is described. After further dissociation of freshly prepared or frozen lobules, clumps of cells are obtained which attach to collagen gels and give rise to colonies which, on morphological criteria, appear predominantly epithelial. Storage for up to 6 months did not adversely affect viability. Increase in colony area involved cell division, was more rapid in air than in 95% oxygen and was enhanced by fetal calf serum. PMID- 7112535 TI - Undulating arrays of endoplasmic reticulum in the spermatids of an opisthobranch mollusc. AB - Peculiar undulating cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum have been observed in the spermatids of the opisthobranch mollusc Spurilla neapolitana. Analysis of sections suggests that these arrays of ER might be a multilamellar structure consisting of paired cytomembranes molded into parallel, conical elevations with hexagonal bases. The structure is associated most frequently with the Golgi complex of the spermatid but its function is unknown. Other reports of similar arrays of ER in both plant and animal cells are discussed and compared with those of Spurilla spermatids. PMID- 7112532 TI - Ultrastructural changes accompanying secretion and cell death in the molting glands of an insect (Oncopeltus). AB - During the fifth (last) larval instar of Oncopeltus fasciatus, morphological changes in the molting glands associated with ecdysone secretion include a increase in cytoplasmic volume relative to that of the nucleus, increased amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, and the formation of deep infoldings of the plasma membrane. On the sixth day of the fifth instar large electron-lucent areas become apparent beneath the basement membrane; however, the glands remain intact until the seventh (last) day of the instar when a dramatic fragmentation of the cytoplasm, and condensation and fragmentation of the nucleus are observed. It is likely that such changes occur rapidly, just prior to the time of ecdysis to an adult. Cell death in the molting glands of Oncopeltus is markedly different from that described for the molting glands of other insect species in that autophagic vacuoles are not observed prior to a complete loss of cellular integrity. PMID- 7112533 TI - Fertilization in a crab. II. Cytological aspects of the cortical reaction and fertilization envelope elaboration. AB - At fertilization, the egg of Carcinus maenas undergoes cortical vesicle exocytosis, in response to the first contacts between the spermatozoon and the egg plasma membrane. This process was observed in vitro and may be connected with a cortical reaction. Carcinus maenas eggs display two populations of cortical vesicles which, during the reaction, successively release two different exudates: a fine granular material and a mass of ring-shaped granules. During the first steps of exocytosis, the two superimposed vitelline envelopes are detached from the egg surface, and the inner one gradually changes. Thus a new coating, derived from the coalescence of the secreted ring-shaped granules, is progressively elaborated under the vitelline envelopes. These events occur over a 7-8 hr period. The morphological uniqueness of the cortical vesicle exudates and the complexity of the related events are discussed in terms of the cortical reaction and of the formation of the fertilization envelope in Carcinus maenas. PMID- 7112534 TI - The acrosomal zonule. AB - A structure associated with the developing acrosome during spermiogenesis in the rat and the Chinese hamster is described. The acrosomal zonule first appears in the cap phase of spermiogenesis and can be detected at all stages of development until after spermiation. The role of the acrosomal zonule is discussed. PMID- 7112536 TI - Ultrastructure of secretion in the atrial gland of a mollusc (Aplysia). AB - Extracts of the atrial gland of the sea hare Aplysia californica (Mollusca) induce egg laying when injected into mature individuals. Since egg laying is controlled endogenously by a peptide secreted by neuroendocrine cells in the central nervous system, the relationship between the atrial gland and these central neurons has become an issue of interest. With the particular objective of examining secretory structures we undertook an ultrastructural study of the atrial gland and adjacent tissues. This study revealed that the atrial gland epithelium in composed of two major cell types: 'goblet-like' exocrine cells containing large electron-dense granules, and ciliated 'capping cells'. A non secretory, and possibly post-secretory, cell containing electron-lucent granules was noted. A region of the large hermaphroditic duct contiguous ot the atrial gland, known as the red hemiduct, also displayed capping cells and secretory cells with large granules. The content of these granules is organized into crista like condensations. The cell also contains iron-rich pigment inclusions. PMID- 7112538 TI - Morphological differences between excitatory and inhibitory nerve terminals in cockroach coxal muscles. AB - Two morphologically distinct types of neuromuscular junction on the coxal leg muscles of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana, which have been physiologically described as innervated by fast, slow and inhibitory nerve fibers, have been found. In one type of neuromuscular junction the axon terminal contains many round clear synaptic vesicles and contacts several sarcoplasmic extensions from the muscle fiber. The muscle processes adhere to the axon terminal for a short distance (short contact or SC type). The axon terminal of the other type of neuromuscular junction directly contacts the muscle fiber and no extensions of the muscle fiber are formed. The contact region is comparatively long (long contact or LC type). The nerve terminal contains many polymorphic synaptic vesicles. From a correlation of the present morphological findings and the previous physiological results, it may be suggested that the SC type of nerve terminal represents both fast and slow nerve terminals and the inhibitory terminal is of the LC type. PMID- 7112539 TI - Morphological differentiation of the central visual cells R7/8 in various regions of the blowfly eye. AB - The central rhabdomeres in the retina of the blowfly Calliphora erythrocephala and the house fly Musca domestica are not structurally uniform. In Calliphora, four classes of central rhabdomeres were found; they are formed by a total of seven types of central visual cells, clearly distinguished by the following structural features: length of the rhabdomeres R7 or R8, position of the nucleus, rhabdomere twist, fine structure in the R7/R8 transition region, and cross sectional area of the rhabdomeres. In the lateral part of the eye only the most common central-rhabdomere class, 'sl,' is present, whereas in the frontal and dorsal parts classes 'sl' and 'ls' are found in a particular numerical ratio. Near the frontal eye margin the rare class 'per' also appears, with two separate rhabdomeres, R7per and R8s; the morphological properties of R7per are midway between those of peripheral and central visual cells. The special ommatidia at the dorsal margin of the eye are characterized by the central rhabdomeres 'marg'. The known functional properties of the visual cells in the fly eye can be readily assigned to these classes (Table 1, Fig. 12). The non-uniform distribution of the various kinds of central rhabdomeres suggests functional differentiation of the eye region. PMID- 7112537 TI - Quantitative analyses of ultrastructure and vascularization of the slow muscle fibres of the anchovy. AB - A quantitative study has been made of the ultrastructure and vascularization of slow fibres in the lateral muscles of the European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus). Mitochondria and myofibrils occupy 45.5 and 44.3% of total fibre volume respectively. More than 95% of all myofibrils are adjacent to mitochondria. A total of 51% of the sarcolemma is in direct contact with capillaries with a mean of 12.9 capillaries per fibre. In transverse sections anchovy slow fibres are considerably flattened (long to short axis 12:1) such that the surface to volume ratio is more than twice that of a cylindrical fibre of the same area (1115 micron2). The capillary surface required to supply 1 micron3 of mitochondria is 0.18 micron2 and the maximum distance between any capillary and mitochondrion 8 microns. T-system and sarcoplasmic reticulum occupy 0.43 and 2.7% of fibre volume respectively. Adaptations for increasing the capacity of skeletal muscle for aerobic work are discussed. PMID- 7112540 TI - Dysplasia and carcinoma in situ of the exocrine pancreas. AB - To clarify the morphological aspect of precancerous and related lesions of the exocrine pancreas, histological studies were carried out according to a systematized protocol. The pancreas, its head, body and tail including the papilla and adjacent duodenal mucosa and the distal common bile duct from 206 unselective autopsy cases, excluding those of pancreatic carcinoma, were systematically examined. Histological grading of dysplasia was performed based on structural (SAT) and cellular (CAT) atypia which were evaluated by coding 0, 1, 2, and 3. Dysplasia and related changes were encountered in 75 cases (36%) including 6 carcinoma in situ. 1 occult invasive carcinoma (3%), and 10 moderate to severe dysplasias (5%). Of these 75, 46 were associated with parenchymal fibrosis but 29 were not. Simple epithelial hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia were observed in 90 cases (44%), and 34 cases (17%), respectively. Among 90 hyperplasias, 61 were associated with fibrosis, but 29 were not. The incidence of these epithelial abnormalities was higher than that reported in the previous papers. Both dysplasia and hyperplasia showed characteristic age, sex and site preponderances. An intimate relationship between dysplasia and chronic pancreatitis, and possible transition from dysplasia into carcinoma in situ and then invasive cancer were emphasized. PMID- 7112541 TI - Mechanical behavior of lung parenchyma as a compressible continuum: a theoretical analysis. AB - The mechanical behavior of bronchial volume with respect to parenchymal properties, and to both the intrabronchial and pleural pressure, was investigated utilizing a theory of finite elasticity. Treating the lung parenchyma as a compressible continuum, we derived a simple strain-energy density function from pressure-volume curves of saline-filled lungs. On the basis of this function, large deformations of the fluid-filled excised dog lobe could be analyzed by numerical procedures. For the purpose of obtaining peribronchial stress, the lung was represented by a hollow thick-walled cylinder corresponding to an axial bronchus with surrounding parenchyma. In general, we found that the theoretical results corresponded well to previous experimental results, being able to predict quantitatively the stress and strain around the bronchus during collapse previously demonstrated by Nakamura et al. Peribronchial radial and circumferential stresses were shown to be concentrated at the bronchial wall, but dissipated rapidly within 1-2 bronchial radii away from the wall. We conclude that the magnitude of regional lung recoil around bronchi during collapse can be plausibly estimated by a theoretical analysis of total lung pressure-volume relationships. PMID- 7112542 TI - Familial cholestasis with gallstone, ataxia and visual disturbance. AB - Two siblings with progressive intrahepatic cholestasis were reported. The brother died at 4 years of age because of hepatic failure followed by persistent obstructive jaundice starting at 4 months of age. The sister had unique clinical features, including recurrent obstructive jaundice since early infancy, radiopaque gallstone and neurological abnormalities which were cerebellar ataxia, bilateral ptosis, hyporeflexia and visual disturbance involving retinal degeneration and optic atrophy. She had a coarse facial appearance, camptodactyly and sclerotic skin with many scratch marks. Persistent high levels of serum bile acids were found while the patient was icteric and even anicteric, though serum cholesterol levels were approximately within normal limits. The serum lipoprotein X was negative whenever examined. Cholestyramine treatment gave incomplete relief from pruritus but resulted in no improvement in her clinical course. PMID- 7112544 TI - Hyperthermic irrigation of urinary bladder tumor in rabbits. AB - Hyperthermic treatment for bladder tumor in the rabbit was investigated by the irrigation with hot saline through cystostomy after the transplantation of V2 carcinoma cells. When the bladder was irrigated with 42-44 degrees C saline, the inhibitory effect on transplanted tumor growth in the urinary bladder was significant in comparison with control groups. Antitumor effect on the survival and changes in body weight were also significant. Histological study showed the tumor cells were more susceptible to heat than normal mucosal layer. The results suggest that the hyperthermic irrigation of the urinary bladder was effective in preventing the tumor growth with minimum damage on the normal bladder mucosa. Moreover, this malignant bladder tumor of rabbit seems especially suitable for the purpose of studying the new method for transurethral hyperthermic treatment of the urinary bladder cancer. PMID- 7112543 TI - Effects of injecting brush border antigen on Heymann nephritis. AB - Autologous immune complex nephritis (Heymann nephritis) is mediated by the autoimmune mechanism and can be induced in certain rat strains by immunization with tubular brush border antigen (Fx1A). The present study was undertaken as a tentative approach to prevent this nephritis, by daily intraperitoneal injections of the solubilized Fx1A for the purpose of removing free antibody from the circulation. Administration of solubilized Fx1A was started a week after the immunization for the induction of Heymann nephritis and continued until the animals were sacrificed at 14 weeks. A control group of immunized animals, also observed for 14 weeks, received saline. The injections of the solubilized FX1A decreased the incidence of proteinuria, the amount of immunoglobulin and complement depositions in the glomeruli, and also the titer of antibody against the brush border. It is concluded that the administration of the solubilized antigen exerts a preventative effect on the course of Heymann nephritis, probably due to removing the antibody from the circulation. PMID- 7112545 TI - Neutrophil function in newborns. PMID- 7112546 TI - Enhancement of mitogen-induced human lymphocyte transformation by diiron enneacarbonyl in serum-free medium. AB - Diiron enneacarbonyl, colloidal iron particles used for removing monocytes, enhanced the 3H-thymidine uptake into the mitogen-stimulated human lymphocytes in serum-free medium, whereas neither silica particles, latex particles, carbonyl iron powder nor iron pentacarbonyl did. Because monocytes had no influence on the enhancing effect or diiron enneacarbonyl did not bind to PHA, it was suggested that the enhancing effect was performed by diiron enneacarbonyl directly acting on the mitogen-activated lymphocytes in serum-free medium. PMID- 7112547 TI - Surgical treatment for Crohn's disease, with special reference to operative procedures and their relationship to recurrence. AB - Of 14 patients with Crohn's disease, 12 to whom operation was performed at our department were studied with regard to operative procedures and their relationship to recurrence. The following results were obtained: 1) Resection of the intestinal lesions was performed in all patients. The recurrence rate was as high as 42% (5 of 12 cases). 2) If the length of the normal intestine resected was more than 10 cm, there was no correlation between the length of the resection and recurrence of the disease. 3) The postoperative recurrence rate tended to decrease by means of regional lymph nodes dissection. From these results, it is concluded that the recommendable operative procedures for Crohn's disease are intestinal resection including the normal intestine more than 10 cm in length and regional lymph nodes dissection. PMID- 7112548 TI - A comparison of normal limits arising in nerve conduction studies. AB - A detailed study has been carried out on the influence of various factors, including sex of the patient and side examined, on normal values in peripheral nerve conduction studied. Patients were selected from three clinics, thereby enabling comparisons not only to be made within clinics but also between clinics. PMID- 7112549 TI - A female case of the Leach-Nyhan syndrome. AB - The classical Lesch-Nyhan syndrome has the deficiency of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) activity as the result of mutation in the structural gene for the enzyme located on the X chromosome and is believed to be of X-linked recessive or sex-linked mode of inheritance. This is the first report of a girl who showed typical clinical features and biochemical characteristics of the classical Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. Her mother was not a heterozygote for a deficiency of HGPRT. Possible genetic mechanisms responsible for this case were discussed. PMID- 7112550 TI - Simultaneous quantitative estimation of galactose-1-phosphate and galactose in blood for the diagnosis of galactosemia. AB - A new microfluorometrical simultaneous assay method of galactose-1-phosphate and galactose in blood discs was devised by use of alkaline phosphatase and beta galactose dehydrogenase. Our method statistically corresponded well with the Kirkman's method. It can detect 1 X 10(-10) mole of minimal concentration of galactose-1-phosphate and galactose in one blood disc paper (3 mm in diameter), and this means the sensitivity of assay of galactose-1-phosphate was 0.1 mg%. Assay range in our method was very broad (0-2 mM or 0-10 mM). The accuracy and reproducibility of galactose-1-phosphate assay were 3.4 +/- 0.1 mg%, 8.0 +/- 0.4 mg% or 15.1 +/- 0.6 mg%. Mean values of galactose-1-phosphate and galactose in blood on normal infants were 0.8 mg% and 0.3 mg%, respectively. We applied this method to mass screening of galactosemia and could accurately distinguish many positive and false positive cases detected by Paigen's and Beutler's methods. This method gave us an easy and accurate assay system for the diagnosis of uridyl transferase and galactokinase deficiencies. PMID- 7112551 TI - Decreased membrane fragility of mouse erythrocytes by small dose of methylmercury and its restoration by coadministered selenite. AB - Female IVCS mice were fed methylmercury at a low dose level (10 nmoles/g feed) with coadministration of selenite (0, 8, 20 or 50 nmoles/ml of drinking water) for one week or two weeks. Mice fed methylmercury alone showed the decreased fragility of erythrocytes membrane when compared with the non-treated control. Coadministration of selenite produced such a change to smaller extents than methylmercury treatment alone. Mercury levels in the blood varied according to the dose level of selenite (the highest level was found in methylmercury alone group.) PMID- 7112554 TI - The acoustic characteristics of the left ventricle. AB - A new method was developed to describe the instantaneous resonance curve (IRC) of the left ventricle (LV), which represents the acoustic characteristics and instantaneous viscoelastic properties of LV. This method was evaluated using coronary-perfused isolated canine LV preparations. PMID- 7112553 TI - Iron-containing proteins augment responses of human lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin and pokeweek mitogen in serum-free medium. AB - The effects of various iron-containing compounds on the responses of human peripheral lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) were studied in serum-free medium supplemented with bovine serum albumin. Hemoglobin, transferrin and ferritin enhanced the incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA after PHA-stimulation of lymphocytes, while hemin, iron metal powder, ferrous sulfate, chromium powder, and zinc sulfate have little effect. The response to PWM, measured by plaque formation, was enhanced only by transferrin. Desferrioxamine, a chelating agent specific for ferric iron, completely removed these augmentative effects. The results indicate that iron-containing proteins influenced the responses of lymphocytes to stimulation by PHA and PWM in serum free medium. PMID- 7112552 TI - Experimental model of sudden cardiac death from unexplained cause. AB - To find a possible explanation for sudden cardiac death from unexplained cause, an experimental model was made with rabbits. The rabbits were fed an atherogenic diet for 2 and 4 months without precordial x-irradiation. Though the coronary sclerosis in the hearts of these rabbits was only slight or not detectable, the ventricular premature contraction threshold (VPCT) and the ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) decreased by about 50% and 60% of those in the control animals, respectively. The investigation of isozyme patterns of LDH, GOT, MDH and CPK in the hearts revealed that the changes of these isozyme patterns were almost identical with the results from the human hearts of sudden cardiac death from unexplained cause. From these results, the rabbits fed an atherogenic diet without precordial x-irradiation can be an experimental model of sudden cardiac death from unexplained cause. PMID- 7112555 TI - Serum oxytocin concentrations in women under pseudopregnant therapy. PMID- 7112556 TI - Group practice--a national perspective. PMID- 7112557 TI - Why consider a hospital-based group? Financial and nonfinancial motivations. PMID- 7112558 TI - The financial impact on the hospital and group. PMID- 7112559 TI - Revenue maximization through effective operations and systems. PMID- 7112561 TI - [Air pollution by cadmium in Marseille (author's transl)]. AB - The control of the air pollution by cadmium in Marseille was realized between July 1st 1977 and June 30 1979 by determining the metal in the air dust by atomic absorption spectrophotometry without flame. The samples were taken on eight different stations located in the urban-center and in the suburbs. The atmospheric levels of cadmium in Marseille are low but a note-worthy increase was noticed from september 1978. A principal components analysis of the data compared with these obtained with other atmospheric pollutants, revealed the particular characteristic of cadmium in Marseille, which seems to be bound neither with the pollutants issued from motor vehicles, nor with zinc of which it is yet an impurity. However vigilance is indispensable against the environmental contamination by cadmium in consideration of its potential risks for the health. PMID- 7112560 TI - [Allergenic residues of veterinary drugs in food (author's transl)]. AB - Residues of veterinary drugs can be found in human food and be involved in allergic untoward reactions in consumers. The current french law on veterinary pharmacy allows to control this risk. Therefore, to evaluate this risk the following topics are considered: 1) origin of food contamination by allergenic compounds and characteristics of residues, 2) effects of these residues. Observations demonstrate that residues may elicit clinical reactions in sensitized individuals; on the contrary, an sensitizing effect is probably minor in pratice. PMID- 7112563 TI - [Study of correlations between bone, blood, urine of guinea pigs and HF inhaled during long and short exposure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7112562 TI - [Method of plasma acetate determination by gas chromatography after ethanol administration in man (author's transl)]. AB - Plasma acetate is extracted using ethanol in alkaline medium, in presence of internal standard. After concentration of the hydroalcoholic phase, the chromatographic analysis is performed utilizing 10% SP 1200 and 1% H3PO4 on chromosorb W. The linearity of the method has been tested from 0.05 to 10 mM/I, its reproducibility is +/- 3.5% for levels ranging from 0.1 to 10 mM/I and +/- 10% for those smaller than 0.1 mM/I. This method is sensitive enough to assess the physiological acetate levels and those obtained after ethanol biotransformation. PMID- 7112564 TI - Soluble glutathione S-transferases from rat testes: isoenzyme pattern and lack of inducibility by drug metabolizing enzyme inducers. AB - The soluble glutathione S-transferase (GST) isoenzymes from rat testicular tissue were separated in one chromatographic run on carboxymethyl cellulose. GST was measured with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as the second substrate. The following percentages for the different isoenzymes were found: GST AA: 12.6%, GST A:8.1%, GST B:4.2%, GST C:18.1%, GST D and E: not detected, GST x:7.4%, and anionic GST:49.6%. These values were quite different from those found in liver tissue. Testicular GST could not be induced by the drug metabolizing enzyme inducers trans-stilbene oxide, DDT, and phenobarbital. The high GST content in rat testes may suggest that these enzymes function also in this tissue in the metabolism and detoxification of electrophilic xenobiotics. PMID- 7112565 TI - [Autoradiographic study of the distribution of 14C bithionol sulfoxide in mice (author's transl)]. AB - The distribution of a single oral dose of 14C bithionol sulfoxide in mice was determined by whole body autoradiography. The bithionol sulfoxide was found in the whole organism mainly in richly vascularized organs, liver, kidney, lung. It did not pass through the blood-brain barrier and did not accumulate in any particular organ but persisted in the blood. Observations were performed in 18 day pregnant mice in order to investigate an eventual placental transfer. Six hours after the administration, radioactivity was detected in blood and fetal vascularized tissues. PMID- 7112566 TI - [A study of the level of human contamination by cadmium (results of a regional survey) (author's transl)]. AB - In order to estimate the level of human contamination by cadmium, the metal was analysed in liver and kidneys of 268 persons after death. Analysis was performed by using atomic absorption spectrometry after nitroperchloric mineralization. The concentrations thus determined allowed to calculate, by means of some approximations, the total amounts of cadmium in these organs and also in human body. The values obtained are comparatively low, and they show important variations which are partly related to sex and to age. These results are compared to other authors'. PMID- 7112567 TI - [Approach to ethanol metabolism in man by studying the concentration-time curves of ethanol, free enzyme and plasma acetate (author's transl)]. AB - The use of a pharmacokinetic model characterized by a new theoretical approach of the enzymatic reaction allows to account for ethanol concentration-time curve (after oral administration in man) and to simulate the evolution of free enzyme concentration. The interpretation of the various phases observed during these kinetics (ethanol, free enzyme) and plasma acetate kinetics (performed in the same study) constitutes an original approach to ethanol metabolism. PMID- 7112568 TI - [A survey on the use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine (author's transl)]. AB - Many problems about public health are raised by the use of antiinfectious agents in veterinary medicine. Particular attention must be given to the contamination of human food of animal origin and to the exposure of workers manufacturing these drugs. A review of the use of these products in veterinary medicine, particularly that of antibiotics will allow to circumscribe the problems due to drugs which might cause allergy. PMID- 7112569 TI - [Interest of some biological criteria in studying daphnids contaminated by cadmium nitrate (author's transl)]. AB - Three biological criteria were studied on daphnids after 28 days of contamination with three different concentrations of cadmium (5, 10, 15 micrograms/l), such as mortality, dry weight and reproduction rate relative to general metabolic state of the crustacea. The value of Cl50-28 exceed 15 micrograms/l for dry weight and mortality determinations, on the other hand it is only 10 micrograms/l for reproduction rate. The latter appears as the most sensible criteria. PMID- 7112570 TI - [Effects of chloramphenicol on microsomal reductases associated with lipoperoxidation (author's transl)]. AB - The effects of chloramphenicol treatment to rats, by intraperitoneal way on three consecutive days were studied on various enzymatic systems of hepatic microsomes, implicated in the detoxication reactions non induced or induced by phenobarbital. Chloramphenicol increases the activity of reductases like NADPH cytochrome c reductase and neotetrazolium reductases. It does not appear to modify the activity of the N-demethylase systems or of the cytochrome P 450 level contrarily to phenobarbital. Chloramphenicol decreases the activity of microsomal nitro reductases, the production of malonaldehyde and conjugated dienes in the microsomes currently considered as a reliable estimate of the extent of the lipoperoxidation process. These results suggest that chloramphenicol could act like an antioxdant derivative. PMID- 7112571 TI - Dose-response relationships during aflatoxicosis in young chickens. PMID- 7112572 TI - Aggregation of renal brush border membranes by concanavalin A and heavy metals. PMID- 7112573 TI - Mechanism of inhibition of renal amino acid reabsorption in rabbits by heavy metals. PMID- 7112574 TI - Sensitivity of early mouse embryos to methylmercury toxicity. PMID- 7112575 TI - The effect of probenecid on citrinin-induced nephrotoxicity. PMID- 7112576 TI - Teratogenic evaluation of 1,4-dichlorobutene-2 in the rat following inhalation exposure. PMID- 7112578 TI - HI-6, an oxime which is an effective antidote of soman poisoning: a structure activity study. PMID- 7112577 TI - Limited hepatotoxic potential of acrylonitrile in rats. PMID- 7112579 TI - Effects of cadmium and zinc on canine tracheal bioelectric properties. PMID- 7112580 TI - Preclinical evaluation of monkeys of a ribavirin regimen proposed for use in Lassa fever patients. PMID- 7112581 TI - Metabolism of 2,4-dinitrotoluene by intestinal microorganisms from rat, mouse, and man. PMID- 7112582 TI - Genetic differences in methylcholanthrene-mediated suppression of cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity in mice. PMID- 7112583 TI - Cadmium-induced inhibition of hepatic drug oxidation in the rat: time dependency of tolerance development and metallothionein synthesis. PMID- 7112584 TI - Regional brain distribution of alpha-amphetamine in lead-exposed rats. PMID- 7112585 TI - Aspirin-induced hypocalcemia in the rat. PMID- 7112589 TI - Intestinal absorption and secretion of ochratoxin A in the rat. PMID- 7112587 TI - A pharmacological comparison of organophosphorus and carbamate anti cholinesterase agents on guinea pig ileum. PMID- 7112586 TI - Zinc-induced resistance to alklylating agents: lack of correlation between cell survival and metallothionein content. PMID- 7112588 TI - Involvement of FAD-containing monooxygenase in cocaine-induced hepatotoxicity. PMID- 7112590 TI - Calculations and measurements on the volatility of N-nitrosamines and their aqueous solutions. AB - The vapour pressures of 30 N-nitrosamines between 0 and 40 degrees C are calculated by means of well-known and experimentally proven formulae. The saturation concentration of the nitrosamines in air is presented as mmHg, ppm and mg/m3. For N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) and N nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) the calculated values are compared with actual measurements in the same temperature range and are found to coincide very closely. Furthermore the partial pressures of NDMA, NDEA and NPYR over an aqueous solution were experimentally determined and are tabulated in mmHg and mg/m3, for practical purposes. The calculations have been programmed in BASIC on a scientific computer, however, commercial programmable pocket calculators would also have been sufficient. PMID- 7112591 TI - Distribution and covalent interactions of [1-14C]acrylonitrile in the rat. AB - The tissue distribution, elimination and covalent binding of [1-14C] acrylonitrile (VCN) have been investigated in the rat. Rats, given an oral dose of 46.5 mg/kg (0.5 LD50) VCN, excreted 40% of the 14C in urine, 2% in feces, 9% in expired air as 14CO2, 0.5% as H14CN and 4.8% as unchanged VCN in 24 h. Bile flow increased 3 times after the administration of VCN and over a period of 6 h, 27% of the 14C was recovered in bile. The red blood cells retained significant amounts of radioactivity for more than 10 days after treatment, whereas the 14C activity declined sharply in plasma. Initially, the highest levels of radioactivity were found in the stomach and stomach content followed by the intestine. In liver, kidney, brain, spleen, adrenal, lung and heart tissues the radioactivity of the acid soluble fractions declined while covalent binding to macromolecules remained unchanged. In subcellular fractions of liver, kidney, spleen, brain, lung, and heart, 20-40% of the total radioactivity was bound to nuclear, mitochondrial and microsomal fractions whereas in cytosol only 6-14% was bound over a period of 6 h. PMID- 7112592 TI - The tumourigenicity of smoke condensates from cigarettes containing different amounts of cytrel, as assessed by mouse skin painting. AB - Smoke condensates derived from cigarettes containing different amounts of the tobacco supplement Cytrel were painted onto the banks of mice 3 times a week for 104 weeks. Cigarette samples contained 0, 25, 50 or 100% Cytrel, blended with tobacco, and 3 dose levels were used for each sample. Statistical analyses were made of tumour incidence using a mathematical model based on the Weibull distribution. Good dose relationships were observed for each product; and for samples containing Cytrel there was a reduction in smoke condensate production and in tumourigenicity (per unit weight of smoke condensate) approximately proportional to the level of inclusion. Histopathological examinations of tumours indicated a reduction in malignancy of approximately 50% for all-Cytrel samples when compared with all-tobacco samples. PMID- 7112593 TI - Effects of xylene and xylene isomers on cytochrome P-450 and in vitro enzymatic activities in rat liver, kidney and lung. AB - Rats were exposed for 3 days by inhalation to 2000 ppm of a xylene mixture, or the individual constituents, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene and ethylbenzene. All solvents increased hepatic cytochrome P-450 concentrations and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity, although p-xylene did not increase the cytochrome P-450 content as much as the other compounds, showing the importance of the substitution pattern. Increases were observed in the in vitro O-deethylation of 7 ethoxyresorufin and in the hydroxylation of n-hexane and benzo[a]pyrene. The metabolite profiles obtained with these substrates and the results of gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate indicate that the induction is of the phenobarbital type. In kidney microsomes an increased concentration of cytochrome P-450 was obtained following exposure to a xylene mixture or to o- or m-xylene. The O-deethylation of 7-ethoxyresorufin was increased by exposure to all solvents. In lung microsomes xylene and xylene isomers but not ethylbenzene caused a decrease in cytochrome P-450 content and a reduction in n-hexane hydroxylation. However, the O-deethylation of 7 ethoxyresorufin was not affected. In general the effect of the xylene mixture reflected the content of the dominating component m-xylene. The ability of xylene and xylene isomers to modify the metabolism of other potentially toxic substances in liver, kidney and lung microsomes suggests the possibility of synergistic toxic responses. PMID- 7112595 TI - Toxicity of ultraviolet-irradiated halothane in mice. PMID- 7112594 TI - Glutathione and non-protein sulfhydryl in cerebral cortex and lung in mice exposed to high oxygen pressure. AB - Mice were exposed to 6 atm of 100% O2, and killed at the onset of hyperactivity, convulsions, and 10(s) post convulsions. Examination of brain cortex from mice killed at these stages of O2 toxicity revealed no change in oxidized glutathione (GSSG), non-protein sulfhydryls (NPSH), total glutathione (GSH + GSSG), the GSH/GSSG ratio, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase. Mice exposed to 4 atm for 1 h or 6 atm for 16 min exhibited a 36% and 33% decrease in lung NPSH respectively, but no change in cortical NPSH was observed. Although intraventricular diethylmaleate (DEM) decreased cerebral NPSH 72%, no change in the susceptibility of mice to O2 convulsions was found. Disulfiram, an effective O2 convulsive protectant had no effect on either cortical NPSH or total glutathione. PMID- 7112596 TI - Studies on the metabolic activation of benzidine by isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - Isolated rat liver cells were shown to metabolize the aromatic amine benzidine to reactive products which are mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium TA 1538 and which give rise to DNA excision repair within the liver cells. Intact rat liver cells are shown to be more active in the formation of mutagenic metabolites than the 9000-g supernatant from these cells. Data are presented which are in favour of the role of N-acetylation in this respect. Furthermore, indications are presented that a sulfation reaction is involved in the generation of DNA modifying metabolites, whereas formation of mutagenic products is likely to proceed via deacetylation and/or N,O-acyltransfer. Finally, data are given about the extrahepatocellular appearance of premutagenic metabolites which are more prone to metabolic activation by additional metabolic factors in the Salmonella assay than benzidine itself. The impact of these observations on the estimation of the genotoxic potential of benzidine will be discussed. PMID- 7112597 TI - Studies on paracetamol-induced lipid peroxidation. AB - Post-mitochondrial supernatants isolated from livers of rats given a single large oral dose of paracetamol (800 mg/kg) showed rapid rates of lipid peroxidation when incubated in vitro. As a result of paracetamol administration the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) declined to approx. 20-25% of the peak physiological value. Addition of reduced GSH to the supernatant inhibited the peroxidation. Paracetamol-induced lipid peroxidation was inhibited in vitro by antioxidants (e.g. vitamin E) but was unaffected by superoxide dismutase and mannitol. N acetyl cysteine and cysteamine inhibited lipid peroxidation in vitro in a cytosol dependent manner in the absence of glutathione. Lipid peroxidation probably occurs simultaneously with the proposed covalent binding of the active metabolite of paracetamol. Since the former process is known to cause severe and extensive membrane damage, it may be a very important factor in paracetamol-induced liver necrosis. PMID- 7112598 TI - Comparison of arsenic trioxide and calcium arsenate retention in the rat lung after intratracheal instillation. PMID- 7112599 TI - Effect of cadmium on hepatic and renal gluconeogenic enzymes in female rats. AB - Earlier, we have reported that cadmium (Cd) induced gluconeogenesis in male rats. Since females are as much exposed to cadmium as are males, this study was conducted to determine Cd effects on gluconeogenesis in female rats. Adult female rats were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with Cd at dose levels of 0.25, 0.75 and 1.25 mg/kg body weight per day for 4 weeks. The controls received saline for the same length of time. Daily food consumption and body weight gain were recorded. At the end of 2 and 4 weeks, 4 rats from each group were killed. Extension of treatment with 1.25 mg Cd for 4 weeks resulted in extreme Cd toxicity killing all animals before the completion of full treatment period. There were no significant changes in total body weight gain and weights of liver and kidney due to Cd. Serum protein increased significantly in animals receiving 0.75 and 1.25 mg Cd for 4 and 2 weeks, whereas serum glucose increased only in animals injected with 1.25 mg Cd for 2 weeks. SGOT and SGPT were elevated (P less than 0.01) in dose- and time-dependent fashion. Activities of three key gluconeogenic enzymes glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase), fructose-1,6 diphosphatase (FD-Pase), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) in liver and kidney were induced significantly (P less than 0.01) in animals injected with 0.75 mg for 2 and 4 weeks and 1.25 mg for 2 weeks, and these increases were dose- and time-related. These results suggest that Cd alters hepatic and renal gluconeogenesis in female rats also. PMID- 7112600 TI - Effect of partial hepatectomy on hepatic metallothionein and glutathione levels and cadmium distribution in different tissues. AB - The changes in hepatic metallothionein (MT) and glutathione levels and cadmium distribution were investigated 72 hr after a subcutaneous administration of 1.5 mg Cd2+/kg as CdCl2H2O to normal and partially hepatectomized rats. Partial hepatectomy had no effect on native metallothionein content. Cadmium and MT content in livers of partially hepatectomized rats were comparatively lower than in those of intact rats. However, cadmium content significantly increased in other organs of partially hepatectomized rats. Cadmium exposure decreased glutathione level only in intact rats. The effects of partial hepatectomy and regeneration on hepatic MT level and metal distribution are discussed. PMID- 7112601 TI - Poly(A):poly(U); poly(O8A):poly(U); poly(A):poly(MeNH5U) and poly(O8A):poly(MeNH5U) versus Bida Semliki forest virus in chick embryos. AB - Poly(A):poly(U) (polyadenylic acid:polyuridylic acid hybrid); poly(O8A):poly(U) (poly-8-oxy-adenylic acid:polyuridylic acid hybrid); poly(A):poly(MeNH5U) (polyadenylic acid-5-methylamino uridylic acid hybrid) and poly(O8A):poly(MeNH5U) (poly-8-oxyadenylic acid:poly-5-methylamino uridylic acid hybrid) were studied in chick embryos to compare the protection offered against Semliki forest virus (the Nigerian strain) AN 49809. The modified polymers showed a higher activity index but were more toxic than the unmodified analogue. PMID- 7112602 TI - Toxicity of chromium salts to cultured mouse embryos. PMID- 7112603 TI - Excretion of TTCA in human urine after administration of disulfiram. AB - 2-Thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (TTCA) was measured in urine of two persons given an oral dose of 250 mg disulfiram. Maximum concentrations up to 0.33 mmol TTCA/mol creatinine were found, 10 to 14 h after dosing. The total amounts of TTCA excreted in urine were 1.8 and 3.5 mumol, respectively, which correspond to 0.2 and 0.4% of the dose. PMID- 7112604 TI - Toxic effects of animal manures and sewage sludge as supplementary feeds for the common carp. Cyprinus carpio. AB - Activated sludge, chicken manure and pig manure were tested for their toxic effects as supplementary feeds for the common carp, Cyprinus carpio. The acute toxicity test showed that animal manures were more toxic than activated sludge (e.g., 96-h LC50 values for pig manure and chicken manure were 0.55% and 0.29%, respectively, while no effective value was revealed for activated sludge). This may be due to the inadequate processing of the manures which resulted in the release of harmful substances during decomposition. In general, body weights of all the fish fed the wastes decreased during the culture period. High heavy metal concentrations (Pb, Cu, Zn and Mn) were found accumulated in the flesh of the fish fed the wastes. It is suggested that waste materials should be pretreated and detoxified before using them as animal feeds. PMID- 7112605 TI - Possible prevention from the progression of cardiotoxicity in adriamycin-treated rabbits by coenzyme Q10. AB - The cumulative dose-dependent cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin (adriamycin, ADR) and its possible prevention by coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) were studied in rabbits. In the group that received ADR alone, ADR dose-dependent electrocardiography (ECG) abnormalities and severe myocardial damage on electron microscopic examination were observed. In the group that received ADR + CoQ10, these alterations occurred in lesser degree, and ECG changes seemed to be improved. The results indicated that CoQ10 might prevent the progression of cardiotoxicity in ADR treated rabbits. PMID- 7112606 TI - Toluene and telencephalic dopamine: selective reduction of amine turnover in discrete DA nerve terminal systems of the anterior caudate nucleus by low concentrations of toluene. AB - The present study demonstrates reductions of dopamine (DA) turnover in various areas of the anterior nucleus caudate of rat by toluene at concentrations lower than the current OSHA threshold limit value (100 ppm). Thus, toluene at low concentrations may produce disturbances in dopaminergic mechanisms of the basal ganglia probably leading to functional changes in sensory-motor integration. The increases in DA turnover in the cholecystokinin (CCK)-DA terminals of the subcortical limbic system induced by high concentrations of toluene may be part of the neurochemical basis for its abuse as a euphoric agent in man. PMID- 7112607 TI - Electrocardiographic abnormalities in rats by acute exposure to nitrogen dioxide. AB - Changes in cardiac function of rats acutely exposed to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were examined by electrocardiographic (ECG) records. Bradycardia and arrhythmia which were observed by exposure to 20 ppm NO2 or more for 3 h were abolished by injection of atropine sulfate. ECGs were recorded following experimental formation of nitrite (NO-2) and nitrate (NO-3) in blood of normal rats by administration of NaNO2 solution, but no remarkable changes were observed on ECG. These results suggest that abnormal cardiac function observed during acute exposure to NO2 is attributable to changes in parasympathetic nervous activity and not to elevated NO2- and NO3- concentration in blood. PMID- 7112608 TI - Induction of metallothionein in the rat brain by copper implantation but not by cobalt implantation. AB - Following gel-filtration of cytosol prepared from copper-implanted rat brain there was a pronounced copper-containing, cadmium-binding peak with a relative elution volume similar to that of hepatic metallothionein (MT). No such peak was apparent in cytosol derived from cobalt- or glass-implanted brains. Spectral analysis of a purified protein from copper-implanted brain reveal a UV absorption spectrum characteristic of MT. PMID- 7112609 TI - Molluscicidal steroid glycoalkaloids possessing stereoisomeric spirosolane structures. AB - Both the steroidal glycoalkaloid mixture obtained from Solanum mammosum fruits (solasonine 1 and solamargine 2) and the stereoisomeric glycosidic alkaloid tomatine 3 are toxic at 10 and 25 ppm to Lymnaea cubensis and Biomphalaria glabratus, respectively. Their aglycones solasodine 4 and tomatidine 5 obtained by hydrolysis of the glycosides showed no toxicity to either mollusk under the test conditions used. Preliminary structure-activity correlations indicate that the molluscicidal properties depend on the type of aglycones and on the glycoside bond. A common molecular structure in molluscicidal spirosolane and spirostane glycosides is recognized. PMID- 7112610 TI - The effects of aggregation on the lethality of phencyclidine in mice. AB - The lethal effects of d-amphetamine and phencyclidine (PCP) were compared when adult male mice were placed into isolated or aggregated (12 mice/cage) conditions. The LD50 of d-amphetamine decreased approx. 30-fold between isolated (87.9 mg/kg) and aggregated (2.8 mg/kg) conditions. In contrast, PCP showed only a 1.3-fold increase in toxicity between isolated (64.5 mg/kg) and aggregated (48.4 mg/kg) conditions. These results suggest different mechanisms for the acute lethal effects of d-amphetamine and PCP in mice. PMID- 7112611 TI - Effect of selected pesticides on alkaline and acid phosphatase in the rat. AB - A single oral dose of DDT (60.0 mg/kg), malathion (687.5 mg/kg), phosalone (60.0 mg/kg) and elsan (175.0 mg/kg) to adult male albino rats produced significant impairment in acid and alkaline phosphatase activities within 1 h of dosing. Renal and hepatic alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly inhibited in all cases, while treatment with malathion and phosalone resulted in an increase in intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity. Elsan induced an increase in acid phosphatase activity in liver, kidney and intestine whereas the response to DDT, malathion and phosalone was variable. PMID- 7112612 TI - Triethyl lead toxicity in relation to brain glutathione and glutathione S transferase. AB - A dose-dependent decrease in the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) was found in the brain of rats following treatment with Pb(Et)3 for varying time intervals. Maximum inhibition of 19% was observed 3 h after the last dose of Pb(Et)3 (8 mg/kg) daily for 3 days. Glutathione S-transferase activity did not change significantly. In vitro, there was no conjugation of GSH with PbEt3 and the addition of brain cytosol did not catalyse the conjugation. PMID- 7112613 TI - Lack of influence of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) treatment on Walker 256/B carcinoma and SAMe turnover in rats. PMID- 7112614 TI - Sumithion-induced hyperglycemia in the freshwater rice field crab Oziotelphusa senex senex Fabricius. PMID- 7112615 TI - Precocene II nephrotoxicity in the rat. AB - The effects of precocene II (6,7-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethylchromene) on the kidney were examined histopathologically. Marked changes were observed in the proximal convoluted tubules, collecting tubules, and glomeruli. These changes included congestion of blood in the capillaries of the glomeruli, tubular cell degeneration, and tubular cell regeneration. In addition, blood urea nitrogen levels were elevated in precocene II-treated animals. The results indicate that precocene II is nephrotoxic in the male Sprague-Dawley rat. PMID- 7112617 TI - Health of the elderly. PMID- 7112616 TI - Accidents among women. PMID- 7112618 TI - Accident death toll in 1981. PMID- 7112619 TI - Regional variations in mortality from diabetes. PMID- 7112620 TI - Carcinoma of the oral tongue. A retrospective study of 72 patients. AB - In this retrospective study, the results of 72 patients with a carcinoma of the oral tongue are presented, obtained with radiation therapy, surgery or both. The actuarial survival at 3 and 5 years is 27 and 20% respectively (plateau after 4 years). The volume of the primary tumor is a major prognostic factor. Clinically detectable involvement of cervical does not change the actuarial survival significantly, which suggests that prognosis and treatment are mainly determined by the primary tumor. Patients treated with curietherapy have a better absolute 3 year survival (38.5%) and local control (93%) than patients treated with external radiation therapy (16.5% absolute 3-year survival and 52% local control) or combined external and interstitial radiation therapy (21.5% absolute 3-year survival and 43% local control). These differences in results are, however, greatly influenced by patient selection. Nodal disease in the neck can be treated effectively with radiation therapy. Elective cervical irradiation in N0 patients does not seem to reduce nodal recurrence in our series. PMID- 7112621 TI - [Combination of hyperthermia and radiation in cancer therapy (author's transl)]. AB - Twenty-six patients who had tumors known to be refractory to conventional treatment modalities were treated with 2450 MHz microwave hyperthermia in combination with radiation. Twenty-two out of the 26 patients were treated with external hyperthermia. Twelve out of the 22 patients (54.5%) experienced complete regression and 6 patients (27.3%) partial regression. Four patients who had tumors in the oral cavity and vagina were treated with internal coaxial applicators especially developed for intracavitary hyperthermia. One patient experienced complete regression and 3 patients partial regression. PMID- 7112622 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of the primarily mediastinal yolk-sac tumor (endodermal sinus tumor) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7112623 TI - [Pulmonary hemangiopericytoma after radiotherapy of a bilateral mammary carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7112624 TI - [Vascular alterations of extracranial arteries after radiotherapy of tumors in head and neck (author's transl)]. PMID- 7112625 TI - Calculation of high-energy electron dose distributions in tissue-equivalent media. I. Determination of the dose function of point unidirectional sources. AB - A method for the calculation of high-energy electron dose distributions in tissue equivalent media is suggested. The total electron source on the exposed surface of the medium is regarded as a superposition of point unidirectional sources. A sufficiently simple analytical function for describing the axial and radial dose distribution produced by such point source is suggested. A method for determining this function, which make direct dose measurements with narrow beams unnecessary, is developed. The parameters of the point source function are derived from the depth dose distribution in a sufficiently broad beam and from the transverse dose profiles for rectangular fields. Equations for computing relative dose distributions in the volume of a tissue-equivalent medium with a flat surface are presented. The method is primarily intended for use in electron beam treatment planning but may find other applications as well. PMID- 7112626 TI - On the application of stochastic partition functions for the computation of lateral profiles and depth doses in radiotherapy. PMID- 7112627 TI - Increased haematopoietic stem cell survival in mice injected with tocopherol after X-irradiation. AB - Tocopherol injection (2.5 mg) immediately after irradiation reduced lethality only during bone-marrow syndrome. Endogenous spleen colony count at 8 days after X-radiation were significantly greater in vitamin-E-injected mice compared to noninjected or vehicle-injected animals; however, 59Fe incorporation into spleen and bone marrow did not suggested enhanced erythropoietic activity in vitamin-E injected groups at 2,4,8 and 10 days following irradiation. Mitotic index and frequency of micronuclei in marrow at 24 hours post irradiation (3 Gy) were unaffected by tocopherol injection. The uptake of tritium from injected 3H tocopherol suggests that tocopherol has been accumulated in spleens but not marrows of irradiated animals within a few hours. Also tocopherol has no effect on endogenous spleen colony counts if injected after 5 hours nor is there an effect on the seeding efficiency of exogenous bone-marrow cells injected into recipients receiving tocopherol after irradiation. PMID- 7112628 TI - [The effect of UV light on DNA metabolism of lymphocytes during radiotherapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7112629 TI - The fertility-inhibiting effects of the intermediate fertility variables. AB - Based on the application of an aggregate reproductive model, this study demonstrates that a small number of intermediate fertility variables are responsible for most of the variation in fertility levels of populations. Four variables--proportion married, contraception, induced abortion, and postpartum infecundability--are generally the most important determinants of fertility; the other intermediate factors are of less interest except in unusual circumstances. These four factors explain 96 percent of the variance in the total fertility rate in a sample of 41 populations that include developing and developed countries as well as historical populations. In the last section, the average fertility effect of the principal intermediate fertility variables is estimated for groups of contemporary populations with different total fertility rates. PMID- 7112630 TI - The effect on fecundity of pill acceptance during postpartum amenorrhea in rural Bangladesh. AB - The length of the interval from last live birth to the subsequent pregnancy was studied for 121 contraceptive pill acceptors who were in postpartum amenorrhea at the time of acceptance and 121 matched nonacceptors in a prospective study in Matlab, Bangladesh. Half of the pill acceptors discontinued use within seven months, and as a group the pill acceptors had a significantly shorter interval to the next pregnancy than the matched nonacceptors. These findings suggest that unless continuation rates can be improved, it is better not to encourage women in rural Bangladesh to start the contraceptive pill during postpartum amenorrhea. PMID- 7112631 TI - China and the one-child family. The one-child family in China: the need for psychosocial research. PMID- 7112633 TI - China and the one-child family. A survey of one-child families in Anhui Province, China. PMID- 7112632 TI - China and the one-child family. The one-child family in the United States: research issues and results. PMID- 7112634 TI - Suicide by industry and occupation: a structural-change approach. PMID- 7112636 TI - On "therefore I must kill myself". PMID- 7112635 TI - Life-threatening indicators among the Indochinese refugees. AB - The Indochinese refugees have experienced more devastation than most Americans will know in a lifetime. The tremendous turmoil of war, the risking of one's life, the forced separation of families and relocation into the American culture have drastically changed the lives of every Indochinese individual. Nor do the emotional scars imprinted into the minds of these people disappear upon arrival into a neutral country. Rather, these psychological problems can show themselves as suicidal preoccupation, or attempts. This paper stresses related variables observed in those Indochinese people contemplating suicide. Of 4,192 Indochinese refugees sampled, ten suicidally inclined refugees were identified. Clinical findings revealed that multiple determinants were operating conjointly in creating the high risk of any particular refugee in relation to suicide. PMID- 7112637 TI - Alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase activity in mouse thymus and other lymphoid organs. AB - Alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) reaction of mouse and rat thymus cells was studied. The majority of cells demonstrated ANAE in the form of multiple scattered granules. A reaction of this type appeared particularly labile, was found only when smears were fixed in formalin vapours and was inhibited by NaF. ANAE staining of thymus cells from mice of different ages was studied: the percentage of cells with single-spotted ANAE reaction was found to increase with age, while cells with granular scattered activity showed a progressive slight decrease. The percentage of ANAE positive cells in spleen appeared to be lower than in thymus, and showed only minor variations in different ages. In mouse and rat thymus and bowel lamina propria clusters of lymphocytes were found showing a sickle-shaped ANAE reaction, surrounding diffusely stained large cells which, on the basis of cytochemistry and phagocytosis ability, could be identified as macrophages. Analogous cell clusters were found in human tonsils and adenoids. These cell clusters were found to be similar to those formed by Ia-positive interdigitating cells which have been previously observed in human thymus, tonsils and bowel. The role of these clusters in the education process of lymphocytes is discussed. PMID- 7112638 TI - A study of cell-mediated immunity to gastric antigens in patients with atrophic type A and B gastritis. AB - The leucocyte migration in the presence of gastric antigens was studied in 10 patients with type A gastritis, 38 patients with type B gastritis (28 with atrophic and 10 with superficial gastritis) and 10 healthy controls. A positive leucocyte migration was found in a significant proportion of patients with both types of gastritis, whereas no difference between the two types was observed. These results indicate that cellular immunity is implicated in the aetiology of both types of gastritis, is of greater importance than auto-antibody production and is associated with the severity of the atrophic lesion. PMID- 7112639 TI - [Specialism in geriatrics and training as a geriatrician. The development of geriatrics as a medical specialty]. AB - Two geriatricians--Belgian and Dutch--have attempted to define their ideas and principles regarding clinical geriatrics based on their work. They strongly recommend the establishment of geriatric hospital departments which are in level and prestige equal to other hospital departments. As attending specialist the geriatrician is responsible for the overall-management of elderly patients with multiple pathology, delicate balances, specific clinical syndromes, mutual involvement of somatic and mental disorders, loss of functions, etc. The execution of this task is based on clinical expertise, knowledge of specific provisions for the elderly in the community and on teamwork with the nursing and paramedical staff of the geriatric department who know how to deal with geriatric patients. Close co-operation with other specialists is necessary to guarantee the quality of the care. Geriatricians and other specialists need to complement each other. In addition it is necessary that the geriatrician select one or more areas of special interest in the extensive professional field in order to carry out clinical research. It is important that geriatric patients are not admitted in hospital departments where they happen to be referred to, but where they have the best chance of recovery. As the geriatric department offers a specific approach, it is recommended that the very old will be admitted there in the first place unless they urgently need other specialist treatment. The elderly who are in serious distress as far as general care is concerned, but do not need hospital expertise, have to be taken care of in other ways. PMID- 7112640 TI - [Essential questions concerning the realization of a geriatric department in a general hospital]. AB - In this article a number of questions are dealt with, that must be answered before starting a GAAZ: e.g. determining the target group of patients, the philosophy, the work methods and the internal and external organization. The patient-group of a GAAZ consists of all aged patients, for whom the normal network of care is threatened by an acute event (emergency care) or by an impending health situation that must be assessed, and for whom the total equilibrium (primarily somatic, but very often also social and psychological) is in danger. The GAAZ is primarily directed towards temporary treatment and screening. It is a hospital department, in which a holistic approach is the central goal. At least 20 beds seem necessary for a GAAZ as an independent department. Preferably the geriatrician will be employed by the hospital. A lot of attention should be paid to consultation with other specialists, to good relations with the caretakers of the elderly outside the hospital, especially general physicians, district nurses, home help, nursing homes, homes for the aged, and to selection, instruction, deliberation, training and supervision of the nursing and attending staff of the GAAZ. Because it is extremely important that the GAAZ does not get 'clogged up' with chronic patients, considerable attention should be paid to the relocation after dismissal and to a strict selection of the 'right' patients. PMID- 7112641 TI - [Interim advice on the coordination of the policy on nursing homes and homes for the aged, Central Commission on Homes for the Aged, May 1981]. AB - The Dutch Central Board for the homes of the aged did a good job with her advice on this subject. The problems are rightly summed up and it made a lot of valuable recommendations. It is to be regretted, however, that these problems almost exclusively are considered from the viewpoints of the official bodies, institutions and existing systems. About the well-being, wishes and needs of the elderly involved in the process of admission to the one or the other institute, is spoken too little. Especially within the area between the boundaries of the different facilities their own well-being must be decisive. PMID- 7112642 TI - [The report: Psychogeriatrics and the health care system (GHIGV, 1981)]. AB - The report under discussion suggests examination of psychogeriatric clients undertaken by a psychiatrist with the help of the current medical diagnostic apparatus. The report is criticized as the psychiatric approach is too much emphasized. This emphasis does not correspond with the current practice in the Dutch psychogeriatric care. The problems of psychogeriatrics are not to be found in the field of diagnostics, but rather in the lack of ambulatory services. The disadvantageous implications of the proposals for the client and the policy as to psychogeriatrics are discussed. PMID- 7112643 TI - [Reality orientation training: a provisional evaluation]. AB - This article takes further on REality Orientation (RO), a therapeutical approach developed and practiced on behalf of institutionalized psychogeriatric patients. RO is called a milieu- or sociotherapy dependent of the aspect that is stressed most. Goals, methods, potential target groups and studies of its effects are discussed whereupon an evaluation of RO is formulated for the present. The importance of role and function of nursing staff along with their attitude is stressed, for their cooperation strongly adds to the success or failure of RO programs. PMID- 7112644 TI - [Stroke units; a different approach in rehabilitation? Observations on a different method of treatment]. PMID- 7112645 TI - [Day care for psychogeriatric nursing home patients in 1979]. AB - Recently day care facilities are available for psychogeriatric patients. With a national survey we tried to get insight into how and where in 1979 the day care facilities for psychogeriatric patients in The Netherlands were functioning. The data collected revealed that this type of care is yet only on a small scale -- and not evenly spread out over the country -- available. The ratio of nursing home beds and of day-care places per thousand of the population of 65 years and older varies from province to province. A description is given of the organization of the day-care facility, the staffing and the coordination of the treatment offered. About half of the patients who finished the day-treatment in 1979 after a period of five to six months of care, were admitted to an intramural health service. We have tried to find reasons for this. Poor contact between the staff of the day-care facility and others like the general practitioner and the social psychogeriatric outpatient service might be a reason, the capacity of nursing home beds another. PMID- 7112646 TI - [A personal view on health care policy for the elderly at home]. AB - The author advocates providing extra care for the elderly, not the whole category, but especially for risk groups which have yet to be determined. It is the demographic development which is responsible for this: by the year 2000 the number of older people will have increased by 34 percent, and will be approximately two million people. This extra care can be given by means of periodic medical screening, preferably to be included in normal medical practice. Arguments for this procedure are provided by literature research, from which appears that a lot of more or less hidden pathology exists among the older population. Also a further elaboration of this approach by the 'Centrale Raad voor de Volksgezondheid' (Central Advisory Board of Health Care) and a regional experiment in cooperation with a home for long term care and possibly with a hospital with a geriatric department are advocated. PMID- 7112647 TI - Amblyopia treatment in children ages six through eight. PMID- 7112648 TI - The diagnosis of head and neck pain. PMID- 7112650 TI - Prophylactic perioperative antibiotics in contaminated head and neck surgery. PMID- 7112651 TI - Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in central Pennsylvania. PMID- 7112653 TI - A silicone centrifugation technique for the detection of low parasitaemias of salivarian trypanosomes. AB - A method using silicone fluid of specific gravity 1.075 was employed to detect low numbers of salivarian trypanosomes in rats infected with T. brucei, T. gambiense, T. congolense or mouse-adapted T. vivax. This method compared favourably with other microsensitive techniques such as the miniature anion exchange centrifugation and microhaematocrit buffy-coat microscopy methods. The silicone centrifugation technique is based on the density differences between the host's erythrocytes and the parasites. Under the conditions used, the red cells are pelleted by centrifugation through a layer of silicone fluid whereas the trypanosomes remain in the plasma supernatant. PMID- 7112649 TI - Conservation surgery of the neck: modified neck dissection. PMID- 7112652 TI - Small bowel neoplasms in a tropical African population. AB - At the University of College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, in a 17-year period, 54 cases of small bowel neoplasms were seen. The most common was lymphosarcoma (29.62%) followed by malignant lymphoma (12.96%). Burkitt's tumour was not seen in anyone above the age of 16 years. Three cases in this series were histopathologically benign. The presentation is usually silent until a complication sets in. PMID- 7112654 TI - Nasal carriers of coagulase-positive staphylococci in a Nigerian hospital community. AB - Nasal swabs taken from 324 subjects in a Nigerian hospital were examined for the presence of coagulase positive staphylococci. The subjects used in this study included the patients, staff and "auxiliaries" aged from one day to 70 years. The results obtained show that approximately 50% of all the subjects were nasal carriers of Staphylococcus aureus and that age, occupation and length of the subjects' stay in hospital had a significant effect on this figure. It was also found that there is no significant difference between the prevalence of nasal carriage of S. aureus amongst the hospital staff and the patients. PMID- 7112655 TI - Home-administered oral therapy for diarrhoea: a laboratory study of safety and efficacy. AB - Serum electrolytes were measured for persons treated for diarrhoea at home with prepackaged or locally available sugar and salt oral rehydration therapy (ORT) solutions and for persons with diarrhoea who received no ORT but were treated according to local customs. No detrimental effect was found for persons treated with ORT at home; no significant difference was found in the frequency at which members of the groups had hypernatraemia. The rates of hyponatraemia and hypokalaemia were significantly lower for persons who took estimated appropriate volumes of ORT than for those who took less than appropriate volumes or for persons treated according to local customs without ORT. These laboratory results indicate that ORT administered in rural homes in Bangladesh was safe and effective under the conditions of our study. PMID- 7112656 TI - Seasonal variations in ascorbic acid status and breast milk ascorbic acid levels in rural Gambian women in relation to dietary intake. AB - Vitamin C intakes from mangoes and oranges, and plasma and breast milk ascorbic acid concentrations were measured at regular intervals in a cohort of pregnant and lactating women in Keneba and Manduar, two neighbouring rural Gambian villages. Extremely wide seasonal variations in plasma ascorbic acid levels were observed, the peak during the mango season in May and June attaining mean levels of 1.4 mg/dl, while the lowest levels, averaging only 0.2 mg/dl, were observed during the rainy season, during September and October. Parallel, but less pronounced variations were observed in breast milk ascorbate levels. A vitamin fortified milk and biscuit supplement, given first to the lactating, and later to the pregnant, mothers in Keneba, which provided about 35 mg ascorbic acid per day, failed to produce any major improvement in plasma ascorbic acid levels during the rainy season, although there was some evidence for an improvement in breast milk levels. It is therefore likely that considerably greater intakes are required to maintain satisfactory maternal circulating levels and biochemical status during this critical period. PMID- 7112657 TI - Hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers among patients with chronic liver disease in Kuwait. AB - The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to the hepatitis B core (anti-HBc) and to surface antigen (anti-HBs), was investigated, using sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) systems, among patients with different clinical entities of chronic liver disease in Kuwait, and compared to a control blood donor population. 81% of patients and 44% of the controls had at lease one HBV marker. 24% of patients, but non of the controls had both HBsAg and a high titre of anti-HBc in the absence of anti-HBs, suggesting a chronic infection. 31% of our patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis, 20% with cryptogenic cirrhosis and chronic active liver disease and 60% with hepatocellular carcinoma had these two markers. HBV antigenaemia was significantly more prevalent among male than among female patients and was particularly high among those less than 35 years old. The high prevalence of the various HBV markers among our patients suggests that HBV is a major factor in the development of chronic liver disease in our area. Furthermore, in view of a high prevalence of antigenaemia in patients with hepato-splenic schistosomiasis, HBV infection must play a concomitant role in the development of more serious form of chronic liver disease among such patients. PMID- 7112658 TI - Schistosoma haematobium in the baboon (Papio anubis): effect of vaccination with irradiated larvae on the subsequent infection with percutaneously applied cercariae. AB - Groups of five baboons were vaccinated three times at approximately six-weekly intervals at a rate of 1,000 organisms per kg of gamma-irradiated Schistosoma haematobium larvae. Five vaccines were tested: 3 and 20 Krad cercariae applied percutaneously; fresh 3 and 20 Krad mechanically transformed schistosomula injected intramuscularly; and cryopreserved 20 Krad schistosomula injected intramuscularly. These five groups and an unvaccinated control group were challenged percutaneously with 7,500 S. haematobium cercariae three months after the last vaccination. The efficacy of the vaccines was judged by faecal egg excretion, and by adult worm and tissue egg recoveries at necropsy 4.5 months after challenge. Significant protection, with 64 to 89% reductions in worm burden and parallel reductions in egg production, was achieved by all but the cryopreserved vaccine, although egg production was not significantly reduced in those female worms which did mature. Cercariae tended to give more protection than schistosomula and 20 Krad more protection than 3 Krad. No significant pathology could be detected in an additional baboon vaccinated with 20 Krad schistosomula but not challenged with cercariae. This is an encouraging result for the development of a live vaccine against S. haematobium. PMID- 7112660 TI - Role of water and sanitation in the incidence of cholera in refugee camps. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of cholera in two groups: (i) people using covered latrine and piped water; (ii) people using uncovered surface latrine and pond and tubewell water. The study population consisted of cholera cases admitted to the ICDDR, B hospital from three refugee camps. In the one camp with sanitation facilities, the cholera rate was 1.6 per 1,000, whereas in the two camps without facilities the rates were 4.0 and 4.3 per 1,000. Following demolition of the camps, the cholera rates decreased significantly in the camps geographical zones. Cholera was not totally eliminated, even in the one camp with sanitation facilities, suggesting that health education, as well as proper sanitation, is necessary to eradicate cholera. PMID- 7112659 TI - Immune responses in human Brugia malayi infections: serum dependent cell-mediated destruction of infective larvae in vitro. AB - Serum dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity of subperiodic Brugia malayi infective larvae in vitro was investigated. In vitro cellular adherence of normal human buffy coat cells to infective larvae of B. malayi was promoted by sera from patients with elephantiasis, tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (TPE) and amicrofilaraemic symptomatic filariasis, as well as by sera from normal subjects from filariasis endemic areas. However, strongest adherence was observed with TPE sera. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies confirmed that the cellular adherence resulted in gross surface damage to the infective larvae. Studies with the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) suggested that IgG and/or IgM might be involved in the process of adherence. Complement did not appear to be important. PMID- 7112661 TI - The incidence of the head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis) among pupils of two schools in Accra. AB - Of 319 pupils examined by visual inspection for head lice in two large schools of contrasting socioeconomic environments in Accra, Ghana, 158 were found to be infected, with infection rates being higher in the school of lower socio-economic status. Younger pupils (7 years) had significantly lower infection rates than older one (11 years). Hair plaiting, communal use of toilet facilities and crowding have been found to be involved in the epidemiology of the head louse. A curious discrepancy was found between the number of pupils who admitted they had lice and those who actually had them. Relative intensities of infestation remain very low in 75% of the cases examined. Mothers have been found to exhibit a high sense of responsibility in treating their children. A call has been extended to the Health Authorities to initiate a national delousing programme for the control of this ectoparasite. PMID- 7112662 TI - Comparison of filtration staining (Bell) and thick smear (Kato) for the detection of quantitation of Schistosoma mansoni eggs in faeces. AB - We compare results of one Bell and one Kato-Katz examination performed on each of 315 stool specimens from residents in an area in north-eastern Brazil endemic for schistosomiasis mansoni. The prevalence of Schistosome infection detected by the Bell technique was 76% and by the Kato-Katz technique was 63%. 81% (44/54) of the infections missed by a Kato-Katz smear were light infections (one of 50 epg range by Bell examination). Over, all, 55% (44/80) of stools in this egg count range by the Bell technique were negative on a single Kato-Katz smear. This implies that five Kato-Katz smears per stool would ensure a 95% probability (0.55(5) X 100) of detecting such light infections. However, a single Kato-Katz smear detected eggs in 97% (124/128) of stools with a Bell count greater than 100 epg. For stools positive by both methods the egg counts per gram of stool were higher (p less than 0.001) by Kato-Katz examination. Geometric mean egg counts for the infected population were 199 epg by the Kato-Katz and 92 epg by the Bell methods. 64% (59 v. 36) more persons were classified as heavily infected (greater than 400 epg) by the Kato-Katz method than by the Bell method. The differing measurements of schistosome infection obtained with the Bell and Kato-Katz methods must be considered when comparing data on morbidity-infection relationships. PMID- 7112663 TI - Simultaneous use of a sensitive filtration technique and reagent strips in urinary schistosomiasis. AB - A sensitive filtration technique and polyvalent urine analysis reagent strips were used simultaneously in patients with urinary schistosomiasis in order to detect pathological conditions other than haematuria and proteinuria. A significant correlation was found between haematuria, proteinuria, leucocyturia and intensity of infection as measured by egg excretion in urine. The best correlation between the reagent strip findings and intensity of infection was obtained when the three parameters were combined. After treatment with metrifonate the reduction of egg excretion was paralleled by the normalization of the reagent strip findings. Analysis of day-to-day variation demonstrated a similar low variation of the filtration technique and the reagent strip findings. Specificity of urine analysis of reagent strips was tested in two age-matched control groups. Although the study was designed only as a pilot study, the results suggests that polyvalent reagent strips may be a useful tool for diagnosis of heavily infected patients under field conditions, as they permit rapid and easy identification of subjects with high egg counts. PMID- 7112664 TI - Trichomonas tenax: axenization of another strain. PMID- 7112665 TI - First International Symposium on the Role of Blood Transfusion in Transplantation. February 1-3, 1982, Los Angeles, California. Proceedings. PMID- 7112666 TI - Lymphocytotoxic antibodies induced by fresh blood, stored blood, and platelets in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 7112668 TI - Health care data recording system for developing countries. PMID- 7112667 TI - The doctor and the primary health worker. PMID- 7112669 TI - Vascular access for haemodialysis for renal failure in a developing country. AB - One thousand two hundred and thirty-five haemodialyses have been performed on 92 patients with renal failure. The mean number of dialyses per patient was 13.42 and the survival rate was 60.9%. One hundred and six arteriovenous shunts (98 of arm, 7 of ankle, and one of groin) were created. Three arteriovenous fistulae of arm were created in 2 patients with chronic renal failure. All the operations were performed under local or regional block anaesthesia. The mean shunt complications were clotting (27.4%), bleeding (17.9%) and infection (13.2%). The complications associated with the fistulae were non-function, heart failure, infection, aneurysmal dilatation and bleeding. One death from heart failure was attributable to arteriovenous fistula. It is recommended that patients with renal failure requiring haemodialysis in developing countries should have shunts or fistulae created under regional anaesthesia to avoid the problems of general anaesthesia in uraemic patients. PMID- 7112670 TI - Incidence of asymptomatic gonorrhoea in antenatal patients, Auki, Solomon Islands. PMID- 7112672 TI - Serious weapon injuries in North Yemen: review of 74 cases. PMID- 7112671 TI - Incomplete emptying of the fibrosed bladder in schistosomiasis. PMID- 7112673 TI - Dermoid cysts: a "tropical" presentation. PMID- 7112674 TI - Cherubism: a variation of fibrous dysplasia of the jaws. PMID- 7112675 TI - Pancreatic pseudocyst. PMID- 7112676 TI - Effective deployment of refugee health workers in epidemic measles. PMID- 7112677 TI - Standardized interpretation of under-5s weight curves. PMID- 7112678 TI - Socioeconomic differentiation in health knowledge of primary schoolchildren. PMID- 7112680 TI - Traditional healers and health care delivery in Tanzania. PMID- 7112679 TI - Schistosoma urethritis: pseudo-gonorrhoeal disease in Northern Nigeria. PMID- 7112681 TI - Primary health care. PMID- 7112682 TI - Primary health care: what does it mean? PMID- 7112683 TI - The fine structure of adult Onchocerca volvulus. I. The cuticle, the hypodermis and the muscle cell of the male worm. AB - The fine structure of the cuticle, the hypodermis and the muscle cells of five male worms from Liberia and of two male worms, at least five years old, from Upper Volta is described. The cuticle in the lateral regions is thicker and consists of more layers than in the dorsal and ventral regions. The innermost zone of the hypodermis contains a wide labyrinth of extracellular clefts. The muscle cells are of the shallow coelomyarian type. Bacteria were found in the hypodermis of worms from Liberia and Upper Volta. The hypodermis and the muscle cells contained various other inclusions and particles. Some of them were formed by aggregations of regularly arranged membranes and lamellae. Although all the worms had been alive at the moment of fixation, severe degenerative alterations of the hypodermis and the muscle cells could be observed. Only the cuticular morphology was more or less constant in all seven worms. PMID- 7112685 TI - A diffusion chamber technique for detecting compounds with clinical prophylactic activity against Brugia pahangi. AB - A new technique for examining the clinical prophylactic activity of antifilarial agents against Brugia pahangi is described. Third stage larvae were confined within diffusion chambers before intraperitoneal implantation into jirds. Such larvae developed normally within the chambers for 14 days when compared with infections in which larvae were allowed to grow freely within the peritoneal cavity. After this time conditions inside the chambers deteriorated and larval growth was inhibited. Larval recoveries from diffusion chambers after 14 days were higher and more reproducible than from intraperitoneal infections. The activities of known antifilarial agents against larvae confined within chambers implanted into jirds were examined. The benzimidazoles were found to be extremely effective Flubendazole killed almost all larvae when administered at 5 x 25 mg/kg sc by day 9 after the final treatment. It is suggested that the test described has potential as a screen for detecting clinical prophylactic activity because of its reproducibility, low parasite requirement, ease of parasite recovery and relatively short result acquisition time. PMID- 7112684 TI - Drug synergy in experimental African trypanosomiasis. AB - The possibilities of trypanocidal drug synergy have been examined in vitro and in vivo using a monomorphic laboratory strain of Trypanosoma rhodesiense. Twenty seven different drug pair combinations were chosen from among 12 representative trypanocides on the basis of surmized or reported synergy, evidence of collateral sensitivity in resistant strains, and known differences in modes of action or in field use. In vitro synergy test were made with a transfer plate technique which allows direct isobol determination by microtest tray superimposition. All pairs showing synergy in vitro were tested further in mice. Statistically significant synergy was shown only by suramin and tryparsamide, suramin and Puromycin, and suramin and Berenil. Although six other pairs, of which three contained suramin, showed higher than addictive cure rates, these rates fell short of statistical significance. PMID- 7112686 TI - A new simple technique for rearing F1 progeny from females of the Simulium damnosum Theobald complex. AB - Laboratory rearing of Simulium damnosum complex species enables female adults to be indirectly identified from their larval progeny. A simple, readily transportable rearing apparatus was developed for investigations by the Onchocerciasis Control programme by using unbreakable, easily packed and reassembled parts and by feeding the larvae at least partly with living green algae (Chlorophyceae) cultured in the laboratory. Although the larvae are sensitive to excess nitrogen compounds, the use of algae and a large volume of water obviated the need for a separate purification system in which water was circulated by an A/C electrical centrifugal pump between a container and an inclined trough in which most of the larvae developed. The rate of development was rapid giving rise to full size larvae (suitable for cytotaxonomic determination), pupae and adults. The adults were attracted into a collecting device by light. Developments to protect the larvae during electrical power failures included a slow-drying wooden rearing trough and an automatic switch to an alternative D/C power supply and pump. This technique has been in general use in O.C.P. laboratories in Benin, Ghana, Ivory Coast and Upper Volta and many thousands of larvae have been reared. PMID- 7112687 TI - A new simple technique for rearing F1 progeny from females of the Simulium damnosum Theobald complex. II. A modified apparatus to protect against power failures. PMID- 7112688 TI - Large river treatment with Bacillus thuringiensis (H-14) for the control of Simulium damnosum s.l. in the Onchocerciasis Control Programme. AB - Complete mortality of Simulium damnosum Theobald s.l. larvae was obtained along a 19 km stretch of the Marahoue River including and downstream of the Danangoro rapids complex in the Bandama Basin of Ivory Coast after treatment with 1.5 ppm/10 min of the Sandoz 402-1-WDC formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner serotype H-14. Partial control was observed for an additional 15 km. The level of control was especially encouraging considering the low concentration (.8%) of active ingredient in the Sandoz formulation. Additionally, the treated population has demonstrated resistance to temephos (Abate), the larvicide currently utilized in the Onchocerciasis Control Programme. Other species of Simulium were somewhat less affected by the treatment; living larvae were found 4 km downstream of the treatment point. Reinvasion of the Danangoro complex, ostensibly by drifting larvae of Simulium spp., was detected the day after treatment. Non-target organisms, including Ephemeroptera and Chironomid midges, were observed before and after treatment and were apparently not affected. In a second test, 0.8 ppm/10 min of the Sandoz formulation was tested, 0.8 pm/10 min of the Sandoz formulation was tested against S. damnosum s.l. and three other Simulium species in the N'Zi River in Ivory coast utilizing a gutter bioassay apparatus. Six hours after treatment 91% of the S. damnosum s.l. larvae had died. The other species responded with 91--100% mortality. PMID- 7112689 TI - Congenital qualitative platelet disorders in children. PMID- 7112690 TI - Circulating immune complexes in steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 7112692 TI - Symptomatic cervical rib in childhood. PMID- 7112691 TI - Sclerocornea (in 3 siblings). PMID- 7112693 TI - Purpura fulminans. PMID- 7112695 TI - [Eye drugs and contact lenses]. PMID- 7112694 TI - Frequency and distribution of sister chromatid exchanges in cultured human lymphocytes. PMID- 7112700 TI - [Hip arthroplasty with the Hard-Top Monk prosthesis]. PMID- 7112698 TI - [Long-term ECG registration. Practical experiences]. PMID- 7112699 TI - [Value of resting ECG recordings for demonstration of ventricular arrhythmias]. PMID- 7112697 TI - [Symptoms in a hay fever material and the pollen counts from a regional pollen trap]. PMID- 7112696 TI - [Parabirch allergy. Food allergy related to birch pollen]. PMID- 7112701 TI - [Vasovasotomy. Refertilization after vasectomy illustrated by a questionnaire study]. PMID- 7112702 TI - [Aseptic necrosis of bone following phalanga torture]. PMID- 7112703 TI - [Corneal ulcer in soft contact lens wearers]. PMID- 7112704 TI - [Chronic subdural hematomas. Always a difficult diagnosis]. PMID- 7112705 TI - [Preventive health service for preschool children in the primary health service. IV. Assessment of examination of the children and home visits by the parents, physicians and nurses]. PMID- 7112706 TI - [Preventive health services for preschool children in the primary health care. V. Communication between family and physician/nurse concerning preventive health measures for preschool children]. PMID- 7112707 TI - [Complete rectal prolapse treated by rectal suspension by Pemberton's method or Thiersch's plastic operations]. PMID- 7112708 TI - [Intermittent juvenile icterus - Gilbert-Meulengracht's disease. A review and 3 case reports]. PMID- 7112710 TI - [Inhibition of thrombocyte aggregation with small doses of acetylsalicylic acid]. PMID- 7112709 TI - [Ulnar artery thrombosis. A field for microsurgical treatment]. PMID- 7112712 TI - [Impacted subcapital fractures of the femoral neck]. PMID- 7112711 TI - [The status of lumbar puncture in the diagnosis of acute intracranial diseases]. PMID- 7112714 TI - [Radio-carpal luxation]. PMID- 7112713 TI - [Proximal gastric vagotomy in a district general hospital]. PMID- 7112715 TI - [Rupture of hydronephrotic renal pelvis caused by minimal trauma]. PMID- 7112716 TI - [Schatzki's ring]. PMID- 7112717 TI - [Penetrating lesions of the external genitalia caused by garden motor cultivators]. PMID- 7112718 TI - [Accidental suffocation in children aged 0-19 years during the period 1958-1976]. PMID- 7112719 TI - [School health services and preventive measures in 25 countries]. PMID- 7112720 TI - Depth of information in photoelectron microscopy. AB - The depth of information is defined as the distance below the surface of a specimen from which information is contributed at a specific resolution. A simplified model of photoemission is used to explore the relationship between electron escape depths and depth of information in photoelectron microscopy (PEM or photoemission electron microscopy). The depth of information is equal to the escape depth when the escape depth is small relative to the instrument resolution. When the escape depth is large compared to the instrument resolution or when information is carried for example by reflected light, the image consists of well resolved surface detail at the instrument resolution and dimmer, more diffuse, images of detail below the surface. Thus the same sample can exhibit different depths of information depending on the image details of interest. Other mechanisms of transmitting information to the surface, for example induced topography, are discussed, and experimental examples are given. PMID- 7112721 TI - A preliminary assessment of an ultrasonic Doppler method for the study of blood flow in human breast cancer. AB - A 10 MHz, continuous wave ultrasonic Doppler system was used to study the blood flow associated with normal and malignant mammary tissue in patients with breast cancer. Some patients were receiving endocrine therapy and were examined repeatedly over a period of months. each of 6 characteristics extracted from the time varying maximum Doppler-shift frequency were averaged over signals obtained from a number of sites in the vicinity of the tumour, and from corresponding sites in the normal breast. A method was devised to allow location of previously examined vessels for subsequent examinations. The preliminary results of analysing approx. 400 recordings of Doppler signals obtained from 16 patients (6 of whom received endocrine therapy) are presented. The most informative of the 6 characteristics were the maximum systolic frequency (A) and the "mean" frequency (M) (= A + B/2 where B is the maximum frequency during end diastole). The average values of A and M obtained from the tumourous breast were always greater than those obtained from the normal breast in the same patient. A and M were roughly proportional to tumour volume, with extrapolated values at zero volume only slightly greater than the corresponding mean values for normal breast tissue. On average, changes in the values of A and M obtained from tumour sites during endocrine therapy appeared to occur in association with, and possibly slightly in advance of, changes in the tumour volume. PMID- 7112722 TI - A preliminary analysis of the ultrasound imaging characteristics of malignant breast masses as compared with x-ray mammographic appearances and the gross and microscopic pathology. AB - Thirty correctly diagnosed carcinomas were chosen for retrospective analysis of their ultrasound and X-ray imaging characteristics, and correlated with pathologic examination. It was determined that the ultrasound image correlated will with that revealed by radiographic techniques. The posterior attenuation shadow and the jagged wall were the prime indicators of malignancy in this study, occurring in 90 and 87% of the cases, respectively. However, in about 67% of these masses, attenuation shadowing was revealed only by close-interval (1mm) stepwise scanning. A nonhomogeneous internal echo pattern was found in 73% of the cases. Thirteen of the 30 masses showed disturbed architecture away from the overt lesion when imaged by ultrasound techniques. Seventy per cent of these showed histological abnormalities in remote regions. Finally, it was shown that the attenuation shadowing exhibited by malignant breast masses is related to the collagen content of the lesion, expressed as fibrosis. PMID- 7112723 TI - Ultrasonic mammography without specialized equipment. Comparison with clinical examination and x-rays. AB - Ultrasonic mammography has been compared with clinical examination and X-ray mammography. Results for the years 1977-79 are shown. A general purpose compound scanner and a custom made water delay bath are used. Twenty three percent of patients undergoing breast examination had an ultrasonic scan. The lowest limit for cyst detection in 4 mm diameter and for solid tumours about 10 mm. Comparison of the three methods shows an agreement of approx. 87% in benign lesions (i.e. agreement in the type of benign disease), and between 16/18 and 17/18 in malignant lesions (comparison of suspicion of malignancy only). As a result of these findings ultrasound is used in our department as a useful auxiliary method. PMID- 7112724 TI - An anthropomorphic ultrasound breast phantom containing intermediate-sized scatterers. AB - An anthropomorphic breast phantom, built from materials which mimic tissue parenchymae with respect to attenuation coefficients, speeds of sound, densities and backscatter levels, is described in detail. One of the outstanding features of the phantom is that 30% of the volume of the glandular region consists of tissue-mimicking fat, the remainder being tissue-mimicking glandular (non adipose) tissue. The presence of these tissue-mimicking fat globules should cause ultrasound beam distortions similar to those found in clinical scans of the breasts of younger women. Halliwell (1977) has presented direct evidence for such beam distortions in real breasts. Other tissues simulated in the phantom are: skin, subcutaneous and retromammary fat, Cooper's ligaments, ducts and (abnormal)masses. The potential areas of usefulness of the phantom are: aiding in the development of more effective ultrasound imaging machines, discovering-- or verifying the causes of--various artifacts in breast imaging, routine testing of instruments being used clinically for breast imaging, and training of ultrasonographers. Ultrasound images of the phantom, made using three different instruments, are displayed and discussed. PMID- 7112725 TI - A simple calibration and evaluation phantom for ultrasound scanners. AB - It is argued that performance measuring phantoms containing tissue mimicking material should be considered as a series of combined test features. Each test feature should be capable of yielding quantitative data if desired and the inclusion of a comprehensive set of such features in a single phantom would allow the mutual interdependence of performance parameters to be assessed. These ideas are demonstrated in scans of several phantoms which utilise new features for measuring grey scale performance and relative beam width orthogonal to the scan plane. The relation of this work to research on low contrast detectability of lesions is discussed. PMID- 7112726 TI - Variation of acoustic attenuation coefficient slope estimates for in vivo liver. AB - Characterization of diffuse alcoholic disease is being attempted by estimating the slope of the acoustic attenuation coefficient with frequency, a parameter denoted by beta, from reflected ultrasound signals. The ultrasound signals reflected from within the body are distorted by the non-ideal properties of tissues. Two distorting mechanisms are considered: the propagation through nonhomogeneous media and the reflection from irregularly shaped interfaces. The mechanisms are modeled as random filters and their effect on estimating the value of beta are considered. The variances of three beta estimators are derived from the model. Clinical results on normals and patients with alcoholic liver disease are presented to verify the model. PMID- 7112727 TI - Measurement of velocity of propagation from ultrasonic pulse-echo data. AB - A method is proposed for determining velocity of propagation of ultrasound in tissue by processing the pulse-echo data obtained from a compound scan. Individual sectors from different transducer positions are reconstructed and a suitable area common to the two sectors is selected. Cross-correlation of the region of interest is used to detect an apparent shift in the image due to refractive effects. The refractive effects are analysed by a ray-tracing procedure to determine an effective velocity within the tissue. The system has been tested using the U.I. Octoson as input device and both model targets with known velocity of propagation and in vivo liver tissue. The accuracy in the model experiment was +/- 5 ms-1 while the repeatability of measurements in tissue was +/- 15 ms-1. techniques for extending the method to multiple region systems are suggested. PMID- 7112728 TI - A double beam Doppler ultrasound method for quantitative blood flow velocity measurement. AB - A method for measuring the absolute blood flow velocity waveform is reported. Two independent beams of ultrasound illuminate a vessel simultaneously, producing complementary Doppler signals. The two Doppler frequency shift signals are processed by subtraction and addition at the receiver. The optimum probe position where blood flow velocity is detected can be found as the position where the subtractor output reaches zero. At this position the blood flow velocity is the output from the adder. By this means the influence of the angle between the probe and blood flow is eliminated so that a quantitative measurement is obtained. Both in vitro and clinical results are reported. PMID- 7112730 TI - Second International Congress on the Ultrasonic Examination of the Breast. London, 22d-23d June 1981. Abstracts. PMID- 7112729 TI - Turbulence measurements with pulsed Doppler ultrasound employing a frequency tracking method. AB - A phase lock loop method of tracking doppler ultrasound frequencies is applied to the measurement of turbulent velocities. A pulsed Doppler ultrasound system capable of detecting two velocity components was employed to resolve axial and radial velocity components at the centerline of turbulent pipe flows and distal to stenoses in pulsatile flow. Measurements with the ultrasound system are compared with laser Doppler and hot film anemometer data. The results demonstrate that the phase lock loop method of tracking accurately follows turbulent velocity fluctuations for turbulence intensities up to approx. 20%, after which signal dropout becomes a significant factor. An important application of the method is that of detecting flow disturbances created by mild to moderate degrees of stenosis in arterial disease. PMID- 7112731 TI - [Investigation about the stability of a fixateur-externe using a new screw nail (author's transl)]. AB - Since former investigations showed that the 4.5 mm Steinmann-nails hitherto were the weakest part of fixateur-externe systems, we developed a screw nail with a shank thickness of 7 mm and a thread identical to that of the cortical screw developed by the Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Osteosynthese (Workshop Society for Osteosynthesis). By conducting experiments with a metal alloy (square tube made of aluminium) in cadaver bones, the bending stress of a frame assembly R and of a three-dimensional assembly with 2 Schanz-screws Z2S was examined with 4.5 mm Steinmann-nails as well as with screw nails. The systems mounted with the new screw nails bent considerably less than the other systems. The improvement in stability achieved by screw nails is relatively more significant for the external frame fixator and in cases of a defect at the fracture gap than for the three dimensional fixateur externe with 2 Schanz-screws and in case of a compression at the fracture gap. PMID- 7112733 TI - [Tomographic findings in case of hemarthrosis (author's transl)]. AB - Fractures of the tibial head combined with hemarthrosis which cannot be clearly diagnosed by means of the primary X-ray examination should be routinely clarified by tomography. The author presents some clinical examples in order to report his own experiences with unclear lesions of the knee joint combined with hemarthrosis. If the cause for hemarthrosis cannot be found by tomography, the source of the hemorrhagic effusion has to be determined by arthroscopy. PMID- 7112732 TI - [Consequences of hemarthrosis for the knee joint (author's transl)]. AB - The presence of an hemarthrosis generally is a sign of a particularly severe joint lesion. Arthrous alterations appearing post-traumatically can therefore be due to the extent of the joint lesion as well as to the accompanying hemarthrosis. A group of 24 young adult rabbits was submitted to morphologic examinations in order to find out in which way an isolated hemarthrosis can be responsible of degenerative cartilage alterations. At intervals of eight days each, 3 cm3 of their own blood were injected into both knee joints of the rabbits. One knee joint was immobilized, the other was mobile. The results prove that the hemarthrosis represents a considerable risk with regard to the trophism of the concerned joint. A direct enzymatic damage to the joint cartilage alone or in combination with trophical alterations appearing later on can lead to a formation and aggravation of arthrosis. The degenerative alterations are increased in an immobilized joint. Bearing in mind these alterations, the conclusion is drawn for clinical practice that the hemarthrosis has to be considered when establishing both diagnosis and therapy plan (punction, joint lavage, drainage, immobilization as early as possible). PMID- 7112734 TI - [Hemarthrosis of the knee joint in children (author's transl)]. AB - After injury of the knee resulting in hemarthros without any bone involvement the follow up examination showed in one third of the 28 children minor subjective complaints or minor physical or radiological abnormalities. Consistent with the literature we concluded, the routine arthroscopy after hemarthros of unknown origin in childhood is not indicated. If there are any signs of a possible serious traumatic lesion of the knee which cannot be diagnosed physically or radiologically arthroscopy is still necessary. PMID- 7112736 TI - [Hemarthrosis of the ankle joint]. PMID- 7112737 TI - [Results of surgical treatment of recent capsular ligament lesions of the knee joint (author's transl)]. AB - During the period from 1971 to spring 1981, 85 patients with recent ruptures of the knee ligament were operated at the Hospital of Accident Surgery of Giessen. After 38.3 months on an average, 55 patients could be submitted to a follow-up examination. This examination comprised subjective troubles, clinical and X-ray examination of the injured knee joints. Above all, the full loading capacity of the operated extremity with a good mobility of the joint was evaluated. A good result was achieved in more than half of all cases. Only five patients showed an unsatisfactory results. A good result can only be achieved by an exact reconstruction of all injured structures carried out during the first few days following the accident. A later treatment of capsular ligament lesions will bring worse results. PMID- 7112735 TI - [Post-traumatic hemarthrosis of the knee joint--determination of the cause by arthroscopy (author's transl)]. AB - Between December 1977 and February 1981, a series of 70 patients was examined because of an unclear hemarthrosis, the source of hemorrhage was determined by arthroscopy. In our opinion a hemarthros of the knee joint is not clear if the lateral ligaments are stable, no drawer can be loosened at an angle of 90 degrees, and if the X-ray radiograph does not clearly show a fresh fracture. In most cases, the symptom of uncertain hemarthros was provoked by a banal trauma hardly to reconstruct. Due to the violent pain caused by the thick effusion, the patients consulted the doctor early and had partly been pre-examined by several doctors. In all cases, the joint was described to possess stable ligaments and X ray examination did not show any clear fracture sign. The thorough examination under anesthesia made by the author resulted in a suspicion of a ligament in 43% of the examined joints, however, the subsequent arthroscopy showed a rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament in 70%. A cartilage/bone lesion was found in 30%, a rupture of the posterior cruciate ligament, however, only in 5,7%. In two cases (3%), the hemorrhage was caused by a fatty body lesion or the rupture of an adhesion. In 41% of the patients we found severe combined lesions of the anterior cruciate ligament and the meniscus or cartilage lesions. In 56 patients, i.e. 80%, the lesion was so severe that they had to be treated by surgery. In 11%, we thought an immobilization by plaster cast to be sufficient. Only six patients i.e. 9%, had neither to be operated nor immobilized. The hemarthros of the knee joint which occurs even after small accidents is caused by severe inner lesions of ligaments and cartilages. In more than 50% of all cases, these lesions cannot be diagnosed even by careful clinical examination under anesthesia and special X ray examination methods. With adequate skill and experience, however, arthroscopy allows an exact diagnosis in almost 100% of all cases. It is therefore the patient's interest to clarify by arthroscopy every case of unclear hemarthrosis. PMID- 7112738 TI - [Treatment of inveterate knee ligament lesions with alloplastic material (author's transl)]. AB - Early surgical treatment of a complex instability of the knee joint is not always possible. Even the autologous ligament graft indicated in such a case is not always successful. Furthermore, there is often a lack of autologous material due to previous operations. A textile polyester ligament, developed at the BG Unfallklinik in Frankfurt, was used since August 1980 in order to perform corrective plastic surgery in eleven patients suffering from a chronical rotation instability repeatedly operated upon. The various problems connected with this method are mentioned: structure and shape, tissue tolerance, lasting stability, durable and solid fixation of the implant. The results are classified according to different criteria and compared to those of autologous ligament grafts. The "very good" results achieved with alloplastic material are due to the better stability. Therefore the application of textile synthetic ligaments can possibly reduce the well-known problems of corrective surgical interventions only feasible by means of grafts. PMID- 7112740 TI - [The proximal fracture of the lower leg in adolescence. Cause and prophylaxis of the posttraumatic genu valgum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7112739 TI - [Late results of severe flexor tendon injuries of the hand after producing tendon sheath from a vein (author's transl)]. AB - In 1975 one of the authors published a new procedure of reconstruction of severe flexor tendon injuries in the Verdan 2 Zone: a flexor-tendon plasty combined with the reconstruction of tendon sheaths from a vein. In a follow-up study of 54 cases the authors evaluated results from 1-6 years perspectively by means of two methods. Two thirds of their cases are classified as "excellent" or "good". The evaluation by means of two methods provides interesting comparisons. The authors support the evaluating method of Buck-Gramcko, Dietrich and Gogge, and they particularly stress the necessity of registering preoperative states in evaluating results of the flexor tendon injuries. PMID- 7112741 TI - [The significance of periosteal interposition in epiphyseolysis. Part I (author's transl)]. PMID- 7112742 TI - [The significance of periosteal interposition in epiphyseolysis. Part II (author's transl)]. PMID- 7112743 TI - [Stabilization of subtrochanteric fractures of the femur by Ender's pins and cerclage wires (author's transl)]. PMID- 7112744 TI - [Thyroid function during treatment of burn injuries with polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine complex (author's transl)]. PMID- 7112745 TI - [Lesion of the ductus parotideus. A complication in face injuries (author's transl)]. PMID- 7112746 TI - [Bill 27 and hospital medical practice. Introduction]. PMID- 7112747 TI - [Bill 27 and the health care system in Quebec]. PMID- 7112748 TI - [Bill 27, the new medical market and the distribution of physicians in Quebec]. PMID- 7112750 TI - [Bill 27 and new tools for medical evaluation in Quebec]. PMID- 7112749 TI - [Bill 27 and the head of the clinical department: towards a new hospital administration in Quebec]. PMID- 7112751 TI - [Juvenile scleroderma]. PMID- 7112752 TI - [Tumoral calcinosis: case report with histologic and ultrastructural study]. PMID- 7112753 TI - [Evaluation of fine neuromuscular control in Duchenne's progressive muscular dystrophy I. A basic and clinical study in the rehabilitation of 10 non ambulatory patients]. PMID- 7112755 TI - [Health insurance in Quebec: objectives of the medical profession and of society 1. Objectives of the medical profession]. PMID- 7112754 TI - [Prevalence of obesity in post-menopausal women treated with estrogens]. PMID- 7112757 TI - Management of bilharzial strictures of the lower ureter. AB - Ureteral strictures are serious and frequent complications of chronic bilharziasis of the urinary tract are seen. To determine which corrective surgical procedures are most successful, we compared the results of those most commonly done. We retrospectively analyzed our experience with mucosa to mucosa ureterovesical anastomosis (68 ureters), transvesical ureteral meatotomy (30 ureters) are submucosal tunnel ureteroneocystostomy, (UNC; 10 ureters). Complete follow-up data are available for 102 patients (108 ureters); half of these cases were followed for 4 years or even more. It is to be noted that, in our series, only 10 ureters were suitable for submucosal tunnel anastomosis: bilharzial ureters are usually fibrotic, noncompressible, and the vesical mucosa is adherent to the muscular layer - which renders creation of a tunnel difficult or impossible. However, this procedure produced the best results. The conclusion was reached that, whenever possible, antireflux procedures suitable for the bilharzial bladder and ureter should be attempted. Based on this analysis, a prospective clinical trial was carried out, which compared Boari flap UNC (30 ureters), triangular flap ureterovesicoplasty of Girgis et al. (30 ureters), and ileal loop replacement of the pathologic segment (30 ureters). The average period of follow-up was 20 months. Triangular flap and Boari flap were found to be superior to ileal replacement. Ileal replacement is consistently followed by vesicoileal reflux and commonly by persistent urinary tract infection. In consequence, the latter operation must be reserved for cases with extensive ureteral loss or destruction. Antireflux procedures still remain the most desirable methods whenever technically possible. PMID- 7112758 TI - Innervation of the vas deferens and its importance for vasectomy and vasovasostomy. AB - The histotopographic localization of the nerves of the vas deferens was studied in dogs. The nerves of the vas are concentrated at two poles. A vasectomy with a nerve-sparing technique and a conventional vasectomy were performed in two groups of dogs. 5 months later all dogs underwent vasovasostomy. The intact nerve supply after vasectomy was controlled by electrophysical measurement. Sperm evaluation and morphological findings are compared and the advantages of a nerve-sparing technique demonstrated. The proliferative capacity of the epithelial layer of the vas deferens has to be considered in operations on the vas. PMID- 7112756 TI - [Value of screening for early detection of urological tumors (author's transl)]. AB - Screening for early cancer detection is of value if (i) appropriate tests are available, (ii) the detected tumor can be treated, and (iii) the treatment improves the quality of life or the mortality rate of the patients. It is demonstrated whether carcinomas of the prostate and urinary tract, renal cell carcinoma, penile carcinoma and testicular tumors satisfy these conditions. Screening for early cancer detection may be indicated in prostatic and urinary tract carcinomas. The clinical examination should include the male genitalia. The indication for sonography of the kidneys to detect renal cell carcinomas is investigated at the moment. Instruction to perform self-examination of the testes should be given to all males older than 20 years. PMID- 7112759 TI - The renal response of formalinization. AB - Dilute solutions of formalin, surgically injected under direct vision into the cortex of the mouse kidney is soon attended by degeneration and necrosis of the proximal convoluted tubules for a distance around the injection site. After 4 weeks, regeneration and some attempt at repair become evident in the epithelium. Although this experimental model represents a direct approach to the kidney, it is suggested that repeated renal exposure to small amounts of formalin, employed in commercial and scientific endeavors, which gain entrance to the circulation through minute breaks in the epidermal surface or the respiratory mucosa may eventuate in similar alterations of the human kidney. PMID- 7112760 TI - [Correlation of the immune profile with local immunocyte infiltration in urinary bladder tumours (author's transl)]. AB - In 40 patients with urinary bladder tumours we compared the results of the immune profile, obtained by means of cutaneous tests with dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), and the infiltration of immunocompetent cells in the histological pattern after transurethral tumour resection. It was noted that the more the tumour had infiltrated, the less was it possible to immunize with DNCB or to achieve an immunocyte infiltration in the tumour. According to the classification of the WHO there was a positive reaction in 56-67% and a correlating immunocyte infiltration in 50-73%. PMID- 7112761 TI - The normal pressure-flow relationship of pyeloureter in the pig. AB - The pressure-flow relationship of the normal pyeloureter was investigated in 10 pigs. From a mean baseline pressure in the pelvis of 7.5 cm H2O, the pressure increased during perfusion. The pressure increase from baseline to 8 ml/min was significant. It was noticeable that a perfusion rate of 8 ml/min resulted in intrapelvic pressures of more than 27 cm H2O in 4 of the 10 pigs. A further increase in perfusion rate gave only a slight, additional increase in pressure with linear relationship between flow rate and pressure. The steep rise in pressure from baseline values of 8 ml/min and the slight additional increase in pressure hereafter was probably caused by a transformation of peristalsis to a continuous flow. PMID- 7112762 TI - Regional topography of spinal cord neurons innervating pelvic floor muscles and bladder neck in the dog: a study by combined horseradish peroxidase histochemistry and autoradiography. AB - To identify the spinal origin of the innervation of the bladder neck and pelvic floor muscles retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase and tritiated horseradish peroxidase was used in a technique combining histochemistry and autoradiography. This technique proved to be suitable for differential labeling of spinal cord neurons innervating two different targets, thus extension as well as overlap of different nuclei could be judged. The parasympathetic outflow was concentrated in the intermediolateral and intermediomedial gray matter of S2, the somatic innervation was derived mostly from Onuf's motor nucleus in S1 and S2. Onuf's nucleus proved to be the main somatic motonucleus for pelvic floor muscles; there was no evidence of an autonomic share. The innervation of the striated urethral sphincter also originated in this nucleus; there was no basic difference when it was compared to the innervation of other pelvic floor muscles. PMID- 7112763 TI - Retropubic colpourethrocystopexy. AB - A retropubic colpourethrocystopexy method was performed on 120 patients. A follow up from 8 months to 4 years showed in 2 patients a complete failure and in 1 patient partial failure. The complications were: acute urinary tract infections (14 patients), incisional infections (7 patients) and prolonged urinary retention (2 patients). The results suggest that this technique is simple and successful in correcting stress urinary incontinence in women. Cystourethrocele grade I was corrected by this procedure. PMID- 7112765 TI - [Cystinuria therapy by ascorbic acid (author's transl)]. AB - At the beginning of the four chapters on phenomena, analysis, pathophysiology and therapy of cystinuria the essentials of the published literature are summarized. The frequency of cystinuria is in the order of 1:10,000. Besides the cystine lithiasis occurring in nine tenths of all cystinuria patients neurological diseases may also be observed. All commonly applied methods to analyze cystine detect the sum of cystine and cysteine. Cystinuria is characterized by a higher cystine excretion, up to the 100-fold of the normal. Also the concentrations of lysine, arginine and ornithine in the urine of cystinuria patients are elevated, caused by intestinal and renal transport defects. Inevitable damage of renal parenchyma by multiple operations can drastically be reduced by the therapy with D-penicillamine or alpha-mercaptopropionylglycine. The disadvantages of that formation of soluble asymmetric disulfides are the side effects, such as nausea, gastric difficulties and dermatosis, occurring in up to 50% of the patients. Using the especially developed method with HPLC separation and electrochemical detector with a mercury electrode, cystine and cysteine are analyzed simultaneously. In the urine of healthy persons the molar concentration of cysteine is in the same order as cystine. But in cystinuria the cysteine concentration in urine is about a thousand times less than that of cystine. These results are evidence that a shifted redox-equilibrium of cystine-cysteine is also typical of cystinuria. The molar cysteine percentage of cysteine in healthy persons is increased from 30 to 50% by oral ascorbic acid administration. Therefore a vitamin C therapy for cystinuria is developed. 31 cystinuria patients who receive 5 g of vitamin C a day show a decrease in the cystine concentration of about 40%. Up to now, no side effects have been observed. The most obvious sign of the positive effect of the proposed vitamin C therapy for cystinuria is the missing cystine sediment in fresh urine. PMID- 7112764 TI - Urate metabolism in primary hyperparathyroidism. AB - Urate metabolism was studied in 40 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT), 20 of them had a history of renal stones. Preoperatively they had, compared to controls, a reduction of the clearance of urate and a rise of the serum urate concentrations. These disturbances were normalized postoperatively. HPT patients, in particular those with a history of stones, had a high urinary calcium excretion probably as a result of both increased bone resorption and intestinal calcium uptake. There was a close relationship between the urinary urate and calcium excretions preoperatively but not after surgery. There were no consistent differences with regard to urate metabolism in the stone-forming individuals with HPT as compared to those who had never formed a renal stone and thus it seems unlikely that disturbances of urate handling are of any particular importance for the well-known propensity to form stones in primary HPT. PMID- 7112767 TI - [Immunity in renal cancer]. PMID- 7112766 TI - [Functional status of the adrenals in patients with urolithiasis in Kirghizia]. PMID- 7112768 TI - [Soviet radio-opaque tubes for use in urology and nephrology]. PMID- 7112769 TI - [Recognition and treatment of pheochromocytoma]. PMID- 7112770 TI - [Neutrophil and lymphocyte membrane markers in patients with chronic renal failure]. PMID- 7112773 TI - [Method of evaluating the adequacy of heparinization during hemodialysis]. PMID- 7112771 TI - [Features of renal hemodynamics in children with diffuse glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7112772 TI - [Selectivity of tubular reabsorption of serum proteins in glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7112774 TI - [Disruption of renal osmoregulation in uremia]. PMID- 7112775 TI - [Renal microcirculation in chronic pyelonephritis]. PMID- 7112776 TI - [Tubular reabsorption of phosphorus in pyelonephritis]. PMID- 7112777 TI - [Role of urodynamic disorders of the lower urinary tract in the pathogenesis of pyelonephritis in children]. PMID- 7112778 TI - [Ureteral obstruction by mesenchymoma in children]. PMID- 7112779 TI - [Nephrectomy in hemophilia]. PMID- 7112780 TI - Ultrasonic assessment of residual urine volume. AB - A new method to assess residual urine volume using ultrasound has been developed. By measuring the areas of the bladder in both longitudinal and transverse directions the amount of residual urine volume can be estimated with a degree of accuracy comparable to the catheterisation method. A nomogram containing relevant urine volume determinations has been computed by applying the statistical method of multiple regression analysis in more than 200 cases studied. We find this nomogram to be easy to work with, and due to the advantages of ultrasonic assessment (e.g., there is no risk of infection, it is atraumatic, and it is quick), this approach may be recommended as a suitable method for routine practice in lieu of the catheterisation method. PMID- 7112781 TI - The role of acid and alkaline DNases as tumour markers in cancer of the genitourinary tract. AB - The levels of Acid and Alkaline DNases were measured in the serum of patients with: (a) Cancer of the Genitourinary Tract (confirmed by biopsy), (b) with inflammatory diseases and non-malignant tumours of the Genitourinary tract, (c) healthy blood donors. In the first group the results showed that the Acid DNase level was raised in 62% and Alkaline DNase in 43%. In the second group acid DNase was increased in 30% and Alkaline DNase in 13%. In the third group Acid and Alkaline DNase levels were normal. These results suggest that the measurement of Acid and Alkaline DNases could be considered as malignant diseases markers, in spite of false positive and false negative results in some cases. PMID- 7112783 TI - Neodymion YAG laser in the treatment of prostatic cancer. PMID- 7112782 TI - Nucleic acid metabolism of bladder carcinoma cells in vitro. AB - Nucleic acid metabolism was investigated to determine the metabolic activity of bladder carcinoma cells. Surgically obtained specimens were subjected to this investigation. Radio-active nucleic acid precursors, 14C-Formate via the de novo synthetic pathway, and 14C-Adenine via the salvage pathway, were used. Activities of bladder carcinoma cells were determined by their incorporation rates. The results were as follows: 14C-Formate incorporation was much higher in grade III bladder carcinoma cells than in the normal epithelium of the bladder; it was highest in stage B2 bladder carcinoma cells. 14C-Adenine was found to be incorporated into nucleic acid bases of bladder carcinoma cells. It was observed that as the grades and stages progressed, higher incorporation rates were observed. Comparison between the activities of de novo synthesis and salvage pathway was made. The latter was more active than the former in bladder carcinoma cells. PMID- 7112784 TI - Oestrogen receptors in mammalian vas deferens. PMID- 7112785 TI - Diagnostic significance of penile erections during sleep. AB - The evidence for the validity of nocturnal penile tumescence as a means of differentiating between psychogenic and organic impotence is reviewed. Five necessary stages in the validation process are described, and the relevance of the research literature to each stage is examined. Problems and issues in the clinical application of NPT recording are discussed, including (1) the need to validate NPT against independent diagnostic criteria; (2) the high probability of misdiagnosis when the absolute magnitude of NPT is used to determine cause; and (3) the need for follow-up studies to establish that NPT can be of value in the diagnoses of those patients who do not clearly belong to either the psychogenic or organic categories. We conclude that further validation studies are required before the clinical utility of NPT can be determined. PMID- 7112787 TI - Point of view: laws of urodynamics. PMID- 7112788 TI - Perineal urethrostomy. PMID- 7112786 TI - In utero sonogram in prune belly syndrome. PMID- 7112789 TI - Pubic rami resection for urologic cancer. PMID- 7112791 TI - Electrocautery circumcision. PMID- 7112790 TI - A simpler method for continuous bladder irrigation. PMID- 7112793 TI - Vesicoureteral reflux in boys with hypospadias. AB - Hypospadias in a congenital anomaly which in most cases has to be corrected surgically. We include micturition cystourethrography (MCU) in the preoperative workup of all these children as well as three months postoperatively. Meatal stenosis and mullerian duct remnants are known to occur in this condition, but vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) was an unexpected finding in many boys who were asymptomatic and had no evidence of urinary tract infection. Fifty-eight of 305 hypospadiacs, examined by MCU, proved to have reflux, most of them grade II. In 37, VUR was found before surgery and in the remaining 21 after surgical correction, many of them with meatal stenosis. In 10 patients reflux appeared in the postoperative period where there had been none in the preoperative study; 8 of the 10 had a postoperative stricture of the distal urethra, and VUR subsided in 4 after adequate dilatation. We conclude that vesicoureteral reflux is not uncommonly found in patients with hypospadias, even in those who are completely asymptomatic. We believe this is an additional incentive to include an MCU in the pre- and postoperative evaluation of patients with this anomaly. PMID- 7112794 TI - The Buschke-Loewenstein tumor. PMID- 7112795 TI - Incidental prostatic carcinoma: tumor extent versus histologic grade. AB - One hundred forty-three incidental carcinomas from 500 step-sectioned prostates were classified independently by two pathologists according to the Gleason system. The area involved by each tumor was measured by photographic techniques. Observer agreement was 94 per cent when tumors were divided into groups with "pattern scores" 4 or less (less than or equal to 4) and greater than 4 (greater than 4). About 25 per cent of tumors in both races had pattern scores 4 or less (less than or equal to 4). Tumors with pattern scores greater than 4 (greater than 4) were, on the average, significantly larger than those with pattern scores 4 or less (less than or equal to 4) (p less than 0.001). We therefore believe that the Gleason histologic classification system is reproducible and that it discriminates tumors with different biological behavior. PMID- 7112792 TI - Observations on persistently dilated ureter after posterior urethral valve ablation. AB - The persistent ureteral dilatation frequently seen months or even years after posterior urethral valve ablation, continues to present a dilemma to the urologist. We have classified these dilated ureters into 3 types: (I) unobstructed with either an empty or filling bladder, (II) unobstructed with an empty bladder but obstructed with a filling bladder, and (III) obstructed with either an empty or filling bladder. The majority of ureters with persistent dilatation were found to be of the type II variety where appropriate treatment is not obvious. Classic ureteral tailoring and reimplantation offers little advantage since in such cases a narrower ureter is passed through a new hiatus in an otherwise unchanged bladder. When high renal pelvic pressures are found only with bladder filling, then consideration must be given to not only reconstructing the ureter but also to affecting the dynamics of the bladder and the large urinary output characteristically found in these patients. PMID- 7112796 TI - Tuberculosis of testis. PMID- 7112798 TI - Potassium-induced contractions in pig ureter strips. Consequences for helical muscle-fiber model of ureter. AB - Contractions were chemically induced in vitro in pig uterus segments by a high potassium concentration in a metabolic solution. Slow contractions were found mainly in the transverse direction. The near absence of contractions in the longitudinal direction is ascribed to a nearly circular orientation of the muscle fibers. (In terms of the helical muscle-fiber model of the ureter, our findings would correspond to a pitch of 3 to 5 degrees for the helix.) It is further postulated that the coupling structure of fibers in the transverse direction, determining an annular contraction mode, differs from that in the longitudinal direction, determining the longitudinal propagation of the annular contraction mode. The over-all conclusions on the basis of our results is that the helical muscle-fiber model now generally assumed for the ureter must be greatly modified to correlate with the experimental facts that its continued use is misleading and undesirable. PMID- 7112797 TI - Nitrofurantoin macrocrystals prevent bacteriuria in intermittent self catheterization. PMID- 7112800 TI - 2,8-dihydroxyadenine stone in children. PMID- 7112799 TI - Sexual function and fertility in paraplegic males. PMID- 7112801 TI - Experience with ureterocalyceal anastomosis. AB - Experience with 10 cases of ureterocalyceal anastomosis is reported. Most cases involved scleroatrophic scarring of the pelvis after repeated stone surgery, and 1 case each for failed pyeloplasty, tuberculous stricture of the pelvis, transitional cell carcinoma of the pelvis and calyces, and ureteropelvic junction obstruction associated with renal malformation. Three patients had a solitary kidney. End-to-end ureterocalyceal anastomosis was performed in 5 patients; laterolateral in 1 case, and ureteropyelocalyceal anastomosis in the remaining 4. In 3 cases omentoplasty was also performed. PMID- 7112803 TI - Renal dysplasia in horseshoe kidney. PMID- 7112807 TI - Psychogenic urinary retention in eight-year-old boy. PMID- 7112804 TI - Prostatic needle biopsy in patients after abdominoperineal resection. PMID- 7112805 TI - Carcinoma of prostate presenting as symptomatic abdominal mass. PMID- 7112808 TI - Adhesive membrane: a new dressing for hypospadias. PMID- 7112809 TI - Catheter guide for neonates. PMID- 7112806 TI - Intratesticular cysts. PMID- 7112802 TI - Obstructive jaundice due to pyelonephritis of right kidney. PMID- 7112810 TI - Case profile: bilateral emphysematous pyelonephritis. PMID- 7112811 TI - Real-time sonography of congenital cystic kidney disease. PMID- 7112812 TI - Prophylactic and therapeutic use of abdominal drains and percutaneous nephrostomies and stents for treatment of precarious ureteroileal anastomosis. PMID- 7112813 TI - Testicular gonadal stromal tumors in newborns. PMID- 7112815 TI - Accuracy of dip-slide for processing urine specimens obtained by catheter, cystoscopy, and percutaneous bladder aspiration. PMID- 7112816 TI - Frequency of urinary catheter change and clinical urinary tract infection. Study in hospital-based, skilled nursing home. PMID- 7112814 TI - Five-year experience with clean intermittent catheterization in children. AB - Ninety-eight children have been treated with clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) over a five-year period. Follow-up in 73 of these is presented herin. The complication rate encountered with the technique is low (7 per cent major complications). Only 21 per cent of the patients were able to maintain persistently sterile urine, although no new bouts of pyelonephritis were encountered in the group since our report of three years ago. Six of 44 (14 per cent) refluxing renal units stopped refluxing on CIC, but in two units reflux de novo developed while on treatment. Most patients (79 per cent) demonstrated stable upper tracts on CIC, while 14 per cent showed increased calicectasis with 7 per cent showing improvement. Thirty-one of the patients were less than three years of age when begun on clean intermittent catheterization. We recommend CIC as the treatment of choice in neurogenic vesical dysfunction where total bladder emptying is a problem and advise that it be started as early as possible. PMID- 7112817 TI - Serum lipid changes after estrogen therapy in prostatic carcinoma. AB - A study of serum lipid fraction changes in 15 estrogen-treated patients with carcinoma of the prostate is conducted. Estrogen therapy is known to be associated with cardiovascular complications. certain serum lipid fraction changes, particularly elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and decreased high density lipoprotein (HDL), are known to increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. In our study, decrease in total cholesterol, increase in triglycerides, decreased LDL, and LDL/HDL ratio in combination with elevated HDL fraction suggest that the lipid changes are not the mediators of above complications. PMID- 7112818 TI - Do we need to crossmatch blood for transurethral prostatectomy? PMID- 7112820 TI - Safe technique for repeated venipuncture in the rat. PMID- 7112819 TI - Surgical experience with large animals. Important adjunct to residency training in urology. PMID- 7112821 TI - Transcutaneous ileopyelostomy fiberoptic fulguration (TIFF). New treatment of renal pelvic tumors in solitary kidney. PMID- 7112823 TI - Bilateral simultaneous ureteral tumors. PMID- 7112822 TI - Cholesterol embolization -- a cause of ureteral stricture. PMID- 7112824 TI - Mycosis fungoides causing ureteral obstruction. PMID- 7112825 TI - Calcification on chromic suture. PMID- 7112827 TI - Spontaneous regression of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. PMID- 7112826 TI - Ureteral endometriosis in postmenopausal woman. PMID- 7112828 TI - Development of adenocarcinoma in transverse colon conduit. PMID- 7112829 TI - Cavernous hemangioma originating from prostatic plexus. PMID- 7112830 TI - Spontaneous bleeding into epididymis and vas. PMID- 7112831 TI - Penile dressing splint. PMID- 7112832 TI - Hemangiopericytoma of kidney. PMID- 7112834 TI - Intrascrotal extratesticular neurofibroma. PMID- 7112835 TI - Left Ureteral obstruction associated with uterine mass. PMID- 7112836 TI - Case profile: unique uroradiographic manifestation of diverticulitis of colon. PMID- 7112833 TI - Morphologic quantitation of nuclear size in various grades of transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder. PMID- 7112838 TI - Computerized body tomography in neonatal renal vein thrombosis. PMID- 7112837 TI - "Silent" osseous metastases in renal cell carcinoma: value of computerized tomography. PMID- 7112839 TI - Corkscrew distal ureter: sign of extrinsic ureteral obstruction. PMID- 7112841 TI - Effect of Dilantin on color of urine. PMID- 7112842 TI - Clinical value of sensitivity testing in UTI. PMID- 7112840 TI - Catheter as source of error in urodynamic study. AB - The effect of introducing a fine catheter on the urethral wall was studied by electromyography in rabbits. On introducing the catheter, increased electrical activity in the form of biphasic potentials was recorded from the external sphincter and bladder neck. This indicates active muscular contraction of these regions. The biphasic potentials persisted for about four minutes and then became less frequent and lower in voltage until they disappeared completely after fourteen minutes. We conclude that in urodynamic studies one must wait for at least fifteen minutes after catheter introduction before recording the results. PMID- 7112843 TI - [Prevention of ciliochoroidal detachments in cataract extraction]. PMID- 7112845 TI - [Exact localization in examining the posterior corneal epithelium]. PMID- 7112844 TI - [Echobiometric studies in cataract]. PMID- 7112847 TI - [External wall of Schlemm's canal and the adjoining sclera normally and in open angle glaucoma]. PMID- 7112846 TI - [Ocular hemo- and hydrodynamics after a "dynamic" cerclage operation]. PMID- 7112848 TI - [Capillaroscopy and capillarography of the conjunctiva in diabetes mellitus and hypertension]. PMID- 7112849 TI - [Fundus oculi studies using transformed light in central serous chorioretinopathy]. PMID- 7112850 TI - [Phacoemulsification in correcting high myopia (with prophylactic cryopexy)]. PMID- 7112851 TI - [Topometric anatomical parameters of myopic eyes]. PMID- 7112853 TI - [Reasons for enucleations following the combined treatment of choroidal melanomas]. PMID- 7112852 TI - [Comparative study of the vascular structure of the choroid and retina in emmetropia and varying degrees of myopia]. PMID- 7112854 TI - [Laser surgery of conjunctival and eyelid neoplasms]. PMID- 7112855 TI - [Comparative study of the effect of the antimalarials dabequin and chloroquine on retinal ultrastructure in the rat]. PMID- 7112856 TI - [Clinical aspects of the effect of exposure to an alternating magnetic field on postoperative complications]. PMID- 7112857 TI - [Effect of sodium oxybutyrate on electrophysiological and histochemical indices of the rabbit retina]. PMID- 7112858 TI - [Initial changes in the optic disk and central visual field in open-angle glaucoma]. PMID- 7112859 TI - [Effectiveness of corticosteroid administration into the anterior chamber]. PMID- 7112860 TI - [50 Cases of malignant glaucoma]. PMID- 7112861 TI - Immunisation of pigs against experimental infection with Bordetella bronchiseptica. AB - During pregnancy seven minimum-disease sows (group A) were infected intranasally with Bordetella bronchiseptica, fed with the killed bacterium periodically and inoculated parenterally with a dead vaccine eight, six and two weeks before parturition. Groups B and C, isolated from A until farrowing, contained respectively six sows given the vaccine parenterally and eight control sows. At parturition, group A had much higher average agglutinin titres in the serum and colostrum than B or C. Group A sows gave their piglets a better passive protection against infection with B bronchiseptica strain 293 and its effects in the respiratory tract during the first eight weeks of life, especially in those exposed to spontaneous infection with bordetellae from a littermate deliberately inoculated intranasally 24 hours after birth. Passive antibody strongly affected the capacity of piglets to respond actively to parenteral vaccination (when seven and 28 days old), marked humoral responses being noted only in those from group C sows. Vaccination of piglets exposed to infection by contact reduced neither the prevalence or intensity of the nasal infection, the amount of turbinate atrophy or pneumonia nor significantly improved weight gain compared with unvaccinated littermates. Unlike their eight-week-old littermates there was little hypoplasia and no pneumonia in infected pigs (whether vaccinated or not) when they reached five months of age. PMID- 7112862 TI - Lentogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus in pigeons. PMID- 7112863 TI - Biological control of liver fluke. PMID- 7112865 TI - Breed susceptibility to infectious keratoconjunctivitis. PMID- 7112864 TI - Long duration fly control on cattle using cypermethrin impregnated ear tags. PMID- 7112866 TI - Hepatic lipodystrophy. PMID- 7112867 TI - Campylobacter mastitis in dairy cows. PMID- 7112869 TI - Canine parvovirus infection in Australia during 1980. AB - A questionnaire sent to all veterinary practitioners in Australia and many in New Zealand asking for details of their experience with canine parvovirus infections in 1980 elicited the following information. In 1980 explosive outbreaks of disease occurred in most parts of Australia. There was no obvious pattern of spread over the continent as a whole. In many cases outbreaks in country areas occurred after dog shows. Canine parvovirus enteritis affected all age groups with an overall mortality of 16 per cent. While the death rate in the young was high, most dogs responded well to fluid therapy. Canine parvovirus did not appear to be associated with clinical entities other than gastroenteritis and myocarditis. No connection with reproductive problems was established. Killed canine parvovirus vaccines were used extensively after the initial release for sale in July 1980. The vaccines appeared to be safe and effective at least in the short term. Problems arose only in vaccination of very young animals. PMID- 7112868 TI - Balantidiasis in a camel. PMID- 7112870 TI - Factors affecting absorption of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents in the horse. AB - The absorption of orally administered phenylbutazone (5 mg/kg) was studied in 10 thoroughbreds, eight ponies and four pony foals. Large variations in area under the curve (AUC) and peak plasma concentrations were found both within an animal and within groups of animals. Administration of phenylbutazone (5 mg/kg) following an overnight fast resulted in no difference among the three groups of animals with respect to AUC (0 to 24 hours), mean (+/- sd) values of which were 132 +/- 68, 107 +/- 48 and 98 +/- 6, respectively. Absorption characteristics of two oral phenylbutazone preparations (Equipalazone; Arnolds and Prodynam; Leo Laboratories) (5 mg/kg) given after an overnight fast were similar. Feeding before drug administration decreased AUC and peak plasma concentration and extended the range of the time taken to attain the latter. Repeated twice daily administration of phenylbutazone (5 mg/kg) resulted in more rapid absorption following the morning than the afternoon dose. Investigations with meclofenamic acid (4.4 mg/kg) also resulted in highest peak plasma concentrations and AUC following overnight fast. It was found that absorption was slower with intramuscular injections of phenylbutazone (2.5 mg/kg) than after oral administration in the fasted animal. PMID- 7112871 TI - Prevalence of Pasteurella haemolytica serotypes isolated from ovine pasteurellosis in Britain. PMID- 7112873 TI - Poisoning after illegal use of paraquat bait. PMID- 7112874 TI - Prognathia in pups. PMID- 7112872 TI - Dermatitis from carpet cleaner. PMID- 7112875 TI - Bovine gall bladder operation. PMID- 7112876 TI - Hepatoportal fibrosis in three young dogs. AB - Three young dogs with a history of apathy, anorexia and weight loss were presented with severe ascites. Abnormal laboratory findings include hypoalbuminaemia and increased activities of alkaline phosphatase, serum aspartate amino-transferase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase and gamma glutamyl transferase. Ammonia tolerance was also abnormal. At autopsy ascites and peripheral portosystemic collaterals were found. The livers were abnormally small and firm and their surfaces were irregular. Histologically, there was marked periportal fibrosis, increased numbers of bile ductules and arteriolae in the portal areas and an absence of normal portal vein tributaries. No inflammatory changes were found. These lesions are discussed in relation to the various causes of hepatic fibrosis. PMID- 7112877 TI - Isolation of Mycoplasma californicum from an outbreak of bovine mastitis and the experimental reproduction of the disease. AB - A mycoplasma-like organism was isolated from five cows with chronic incurable mastitis from one dairy herd. This organism was shown to be Mycoplasma californicum and was used to infect three cows by intramammary inoculation. The challenge organism was reisolated from all the infected quarters and the ensuing inflammatory response produced a chronic mastitis with a permanent drop in milk yield. Antibiotic treatment in one animal was unsuccessful. PMID- 7112880 TI - Runting syndrome in young chickens and guinea fowl. PMID- 7112879 TI - Abortion in sows and the isolation of pasteurella ureae. PMID- 7112878 TI - Experimental production of vulvitis in ewes with a ureaplasma isolate. PMID- 7112881 TI - Anaemia in the rabbit. PMID- 7112883 TI - Haemophilus somnus and conjunctivitis. PMID- 7112882 TI - Evaluation of pedometers for oestrus detection in dairy cows. PMID- 7112884 TI - Clostridium sordellii in lambs. PMID- 7112885 TI - Unusual eclampsia. PMID- 7112886 TI - Pesticide poisoning of livestock: a review of cases investigated. AB - The cases of suspected poisoning of livestock by a range of organic chemicals, mainly pesticides, investigated at the Central Veterinary Laboratory during the period 1977 to 1980 are reviewed. The incidences of poisoning by various types of compound and the species most at risk are discussed. Organophosphorus pesticides and rodenticides were the commonest causes of poisoning. Pesticides accounted for one in 25 of all fatal poisonings listed by the veterinary investigation diagnosis analysis (VIDA) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. PMID- 7112887 TI - Metastatic mammary carcinoma treated with cytotoxic drugs. PMID- 7112888 TI - Comparative plasma ampicillin levels and bioavailability of five parenteral ampicillin formulations in ruminant calves. AB - Plasma ampicillin concentrations were determined in an eight-ways crossover trial involving six ruminant calves, which were treated intravenously (i.v.) with sodium ampicillin at 15.5 mg/kg and intramuscularly (i.m.) with five different ampicillin trihydrate or ampicillin anhydrate formulations at 7.7 mg/kg. The mean plasma concentration-time curve (Cp) after intravenous ampicillin sodium administration was described biexponentially, as: Cp = 38.8 e -0.0268t + 0.45 e 0.0058t. Intramuscular injection, into the lateral neck, of Ampikel-20 and Polyflex resulted in 100 per cent bioavailabilities within 12 h post injection (p.i.), but the biological half-lives (t1/2) were different, being 2.1 and 3.8 h, respectively. Ampikel-20 produced the highest peak plasma drug concentrations (mean C max :4.8 microgram ampicillin/ml). After intramuscular injection of Penbritin the mean bioavailability for the first 12 h p.i. was 63 per cent, the mean t1/2 was 5.9 h, and the mean Cmax was 1.8 microgram/ml. Treatment with Albipen and Duphacillin resulted in low plasma ampicillin levels, which were maintained for 3 to 6 days p.i., limited bioavailability during the first 12 h p.i., and a mean t1/2 of 22.2 and 11.9 h, respectively. Plasma concentrations of ampicillin from four hours onwards after i.m. and s.c. administration of Ampikel 20 at a dose level of 15.5 mg/kg were similar. The duration of potentially therapeutic plasma ampicillin concentrations after administration of each formulation is presented. Pre-slaughter withdrawal times for diseased calves are suggested for the different formulations studied. PMID- 7112889 TI - The hygienic treatment of turkey eggs by dipping in an antibiotic and disinfectant solution. AB - At the hatchery, in order to reduce bacterial infections in one-day-old chicks, turkey eggs are routinely dipped by the direct pressure difference method into a solution consisting of: (formula; see text) This dipping process was studied in more detail and the experiments allowed of drawing the following conclusions: 1. After 8 hours of use on three consecutive days the tylosin concentration had hardly decreased, the concentration of ampicillin dropped to approximately 65% and the concentration of quaternary ammonium compounds to 33%. 2. Bacteria were isolated from the fluid only at the time of final sampling (Bacillus subtilis). All other bacteriological investigations of the dipping solution showed negative results. 3. The treatment did not appear to influence hatchability. 4. The mortality in the first week of life of poults from treated eggs was significantly lower than of poults from untreated eggs. PMID- 7112890 TI - Effect of Ctenocephalides felis strongylus infestation on the performance of West African dwarf sheep and goats. AB - A study of Ctenocephalides felis strongylus and of its effect on the performance of sheep and goats was made. Fleas showed more affinity for sheep than goats. There was a high concentration between lamb and kid mortality and the degree of flea infestation. The clinical effects of flea infestation are highlighted. The factors responsible for flea infestation and its control are discussed. PMID- 7112891 TI - 1982 International Congress of Clinical Toxicology. August 8-13, 1982, Snowmass, Colorado, USA. Abstracts. PMID- 7112892 TI - Studies on the multiplication of a porcine parvovirus. AB - A porcine parvovirus has been characterized with regard to its replication in foetal porcine kidney cells and certain biophysical properties. Electron microscopy of infected cells at selected times postinfection revealed that porcine parvovirus replication took place within or near a series of granular intranuclear inclusions which may be contiguous with cellular heterochromatin. Developing virions were observed to aggregate into a nucleolar-like amorphous mass which gradually disrupted as cellular integrity was lost. Purified virions were found to have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.38 g/ml, while 'empty' particles had a buoyant density of 1.29 g/ml. The particle diameter was calculated to be approximately 22 nm. PMID- 7112893 TI - Antibody response of swine experimentally infected with Mycoplasma hyosynoviae. AB - Antibody responses of swine inoculated intranasally with M. hyosynoviae were determined using complement-fixation, latex-agglutination, metabolic-inhibition, and mycoplasmacidal tests. The infected swine developed latex-agglutinating antibodies by 6 days postinoculation, complement-fixing and metabolic-inhibiting antibodies by 9-12 days, and mycoplasmacidal antibodies which were first detected from 12 days to 8 weeks postinoculation. Antibody titers persisted for as long as 6 months postinoculation. Complement-fixing and mycoplasmacidal antibodies were mainly IgG, and latex-agglutinating antibodies were IgM. Early metabolic inhibiting antibodies were IgM while later antibodies were mainly IgG. None of the pigs had detectable complement-fixing antibodies to Mycoplasma hyorhinis. PMID- 7112894 TI - Serological investigation of horse sera for antibodies against mycoplasmas and acholeplasmas. AB - Sera from horses with respiratory disease (RD) have been investigated using the complement fixation test, indirect hemagglutination test, enzyme immune assay, and the metabolic inhibition test, and sera from mares after abortion, using the complement fixation test, indirect hemagglutination test and enzyme immune assay, for antibodies against Mycoplasma equirhinis, M subdolum, M. equigenitalium, M. pulmonis, M. felis, Acholeplasma laidlawii, A. hippikon and A. equifetale. Antibodies were found against all mycoplasma and acholeplasma species tested, more often against acholeplasmas. The antibody pattern was quite similar for horses with RD and for mares after abortion. The results of the four serological tests performed showed only a limited correlation and the percentage of sera with antibodies detected by the four tests used differed widely. PMID- 7112895 TI - Branched Mycobacterium-like organisms from swine lymph nodes. AB - Branched, weakly acid fast organisms were isolated from 5 of 112 caseous lymph nodes derived from slaughter-house pigs. In two cases they were associated with typical Mycobacterium avium strains. The bacteria differed from all other mycobacteria known at present. Limited experiments in pigs with one strain failed to disclose a possible pathogenic role in the host species although this strain was pathogenic for mice. Tests with this and three other strains showed that all four were apathogenic for chickens. PMID- 7112896 TI - Factors associated with improved haemagglutination by African horse sickness virus. PMID- 7112897 TI - Effect of lymphocytes and broncho-alveolar washing cells on the replication of bovine herpesvirus type 1 in tracheal organ cultures. AB - The daily addition of lymphocytes collected from a calf between 7 and 11 days after experimental infection with bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) to bovine fetal tracheal organ cultures after infection with BHV-1 did not inhibit virus replication. The daily addition of normal lymphocytes, together with a low concentration of serum antibody against BHV-1, had a slight viral inhibitory effect which was believed to be due to antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. The addition of broncho-alveolar washing (BAW) cells, collected before infection or 30 days after infection of a calf with BHV-1, together with lymphocyte culture supernatant, to tracheal organ cultures immediately after infection with BHV-1 produced some inhibition of virus replication. Virus replication was markedly inhibited when BAW cells collected from the calf 18 days after infection were used in a similar manner. PMID- 7112899 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of posttraumatic degenerative-dystrophic changes in the spine]. PMID- 7112898 TI - Isolation of acholeplasmas from horse feces. AB - Acholeplasmas were detected in five of 96 feces samples from clinically normal horses. Three of the five strains isolated were identified as A. equifetale, one as A. hippikon, and one was serologically identical with the Acholeplasma strain 881. PMID- 7112900 TI - [Differential diagnosis of anterior cartilagenous nodules in the lumbar vertebral bodies and tuberculosis and hematogenic osteomyelitis of the spine in children and adolescents]. PMID- 7112901 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of the avulsion of brachial plexus roots from the spinal cord]. PMID- 7112903 TI - [Electroradiography of the spine and pelvis]. PMID- 7112902 TI - [Determination of the mineral salt content of bones in chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 7112904 TI - [Capabilities of zonography in the study of the cranium and facial bones]. PMID- 7112905 TI - [Metabolic bone diseases. Basic concepts, classification, terminology]. PMID- 7112908 TI - [Functional study of the spine using large-image fluorography]. PMID- 7112907 TI - [Electroradiography of the breast using a mammograph and an electroradiograph]. PMID- 7112906 TI - [Computed tomography in tumors and tumor-like formations in the anterior mediastinum]. PMID- 7112909 TI - [Large-image fluorography under television control in the diagnosis of urogenital diseases]. PMID- 7112910 TI - [Programmed serial large-image fluorography under television control in contrast studies of the heart]. PMID- 7112911 TI - Membrane IgM of bovine lymphocytes. AB - The membrane immunoglobulins of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) obtained from four bovine-leukemia-virus infected calves and from a normal cow were isolated and characterized. They were found to consist of an IgM exhibiting a mu-chain of an apparent molecular weight (AMW) of 95,000 daltons, which is 10,000 daltons more than found for the mu-chain of serum IgM. It thus seems that this is a property of membrane-bound IgM of bovine origin. PMID- 7112912 TI - Stimulation by phytohaemagglutinin of peripheral blood lymphocytes from horse, pig, sheep and man. AB - Optimal conditions for stimulation by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) were established for equine, porcine, ovine and human lymphocytes in MEMS medium. Optimal thymidine concentration was determined for assay of cell transformation. With all species tested horse serum gave highest thymidine incorporation. Homologous serum was not more appropriate for lymphocytes of man, pig and sheep. Optimal stimulation was achieved at 20, 0.5-5, 5, and 10-40 micrograms PHA per 10(6) cells for human, equine, porcine and ovine lymphocytes, respectively. PMID- 7112913 TI - Effects of ionizing radiation on in vitro proliferative responses of porcine peripheral blood lymphocytes. AB - The radiosensitivity of in vitro proliferative responses of porcine peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) was assessed. PBL were stimulated by Con-A, PHA, culture supernates from mitogen-stimulated porcine lymphocytes, or in the case of antigen primed swine, specific antigens. The resulting levels of proliferation were assessed by a determination of the level of incorporation of tritiated thymidine in vitro, and in some cases by the presence of blast cells in the cultures. Porcine PBL were found to be more radioresistant than either mouse PBL or mouse spleen cells. Irradiation levels of greater than 3000 rads were necessary to arrest Con-A or PHA-induced proliferative responses. Proliferation induced by lymphokines in the form of supernates from mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte cultures was arrested in PBL that had received 3000 rads prior to culture. Antigen-induced proliferative responses in primed porcine PBL populations were the most radiosensitive, in that a previous irradiation with 500 rads was sufficient to completely abolish a secondary in vitro proliferative response. PMID- 7112914 TI - The immune response of goats vaccinated with low and high doses of Brucella melitensis Rev 1. AB - The serological response, lymphocyte reactivity, and dermal hypersensitivity reactions of goats vaccinated with high and low doses of Brucella melitensis Rev 1 organisms to Brucella antigens were studied. Antibodies to soluble antigen A2 were detectable by immunoelectrophoresis (IE), appeared later than agglutinating antibodies but disappeared faster in most vaccinated animals. Anti-A2 antibodies appeared earlier in goats which received the high dose. Antibodies to polysaccharide B antigen were not detected. Lymphocytes reactive to Brucella antigens in lymphocyte transformation assays appeared at variable times after vaccination. In contrast to the humoral response to antigen A2, the appearance of circulating, reactive lymphocytes was not dependent on vaccine doses. All vaccinated animals demonstrated dermal hypersensitivity reactions to one of the antigenic extracts. Skin reactions peaked at 24 hrs post inoculation. The reactions were elicited when all but one goat had undetectable anti-A2 antibodies and no circulating, reactive lymphocytes as measured in whole blood lymphocyte transformation assays. PMID- 7112916 TI - Blood cellular and biochemical studies in canine dirofilariasis. AB - Haematological studies in heartworm-infected dogs revealed low haemoglobin concentration, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate and a marked increase in lymphocyte percentage. Biochemical analysis of serum of dogs infected with heartworm showed increases in serum total bilirubin, serum globulin, chloride, phosphorus, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase values and a decrease in albumin content. PMID- 7112915 TI - Variation in mitogen-induced ovine lymphocyte blastogenesis: adherent cells or 2 mercaptoethanol restore randomly depressed responses. AB - Peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) isolated 23 times over a 6-week period from four normal sheep showed considerable variation in serially tested responses to predetermined optimal concentrations of concanavalin A (Con A), phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). Con A responses, in particular, varied widely and were often randomly depressed (21 of 91 times compared to 15 of 91 times for PHA or PWM). The addition of as few as 1% adherent cells (AC) to depressed cultures fully restored the PBL proliferative response to normal levels. Addition of greater numbers of AC (5 or 10%) had little further enhancing effect on depressed cultures. The addition of 1, 5, or 10% AC to cultures that were responding at normal levels increased responses only slightly. Autologous or allogeneic AC were equally effective. Addition of 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) to depressed cultures only partially restored the blastogenic response to Con A and had little effect on normal cultures. PMID- 7112917 TI - A preliminary report on Meriones unguiculatus as an experimental host for Taenia saginata metacestodes. AB - Jirds (Meriones unguiculatus) were treated with dexamethasone and inoculated subcutaneously with 100-300 oncospheres of Taenia saginata. Ten of the jirds received 0.5 mg of the drug per animal twice weekly during the first month after inoculation and then once a week until necropsy and four of these became infected. Up to 20 viable metacestodes were recovered in the subcutaneous tissue at the site of inoculation three months after infection. PMID- 7112918 TI - [Comparative study of tracheal organ cultures obtained from different bird donors]. AB - Comparative studies were carried out on the quality (duration, intensity, and extent) of the cliliary activity in tracheal cultures from chick embryos, chickens, and pheasants. It was found that all cultures had long life, however, they were shown to differ essentially by the function of the tracheal epithelium. In tracheal cultures from pheasants the ciliary activity remained unchanged at the initial level for 70 days. In those from-day-old chicks it remained for 15 days, and cultures from 20-day-old chick embryos showed activity for 25 days. In the second and third type of tracheal cultures the ciliary activity gradually dropped by intensity and scope down to nil within the periods of time mentioned. The ciliary activity of tracheal segments cultured in tubes of a roller apparatus persisted for a considerably longer period than that of segments stationary cultured in petri dishes. The same result was obtained when the explanted trachea was treated with a mycolytic agent (bromhexinehydrochloride), although cultivation was carried out in petri dishes. The high quality (intensity and scope) and duration (70 days) of the ciliary activity of tracheal cultures from pheasants provides an excellent system for the study of the ciliostatic effect on different viruses. PMID- 7112919 TI - [Isolation, selection and characteristics of Pasteurella multocida]. AB - Bacteriophages of 2 and AV signature were isolated from lysogenic P. multocida strains. spontaneous mutation of bacteriophage 32 of various indicator Pasteurella strains led to the isolation of 6 new bacteriophages with signature of the indicator strain 10, 55, 168, 895, 994. Bacteriophages 3,4, and 115 served to isolate bacteriophages with signature 3/10, 4/10, and 115/10 of a phage resistant 3/10 strain. Phages TH and VL were selected from AV phage, and phage 1 was selected from phage 10. A total of 14 new P. multocida bacteriophages were obtained in all, which were reproduced on one and the same indicator strain No 10. The newly isolated phages 1, 2, 10, 895, 3/10, 4/10, 115/10, AY, VL, and TH were neutralized by antisera 2, 10, 4/10, AY, and TH in 99 to 100 per cent, and belong to a common serologic group (IVth group). Bacteriophages 55, 168, 994, and 995 were not neutralized by these sera. By the effect of chemicals and sodium citrate the AY and VL phages were found to be stable to inactivation, while tetracycline inactivated 50 per cent of them. Bacteriophages 10, and 3/10 survived at pH 9 and 11. By these indices the mentioned 10 bacteriophages were referred to the new P. multocida IVth group phages. Spontaneous mutations in the P. multocida phage populations are likely to occur. Such mutations could belong to various phage types. The genetic changes in the phage populations appear as a base in the production of P. multocida bacteriophages of various types which could be used in the phage typing of the P. multocida species. PMID- 7112920 TI - [Differentiation of immunoglobulin classes in the chicken]. AB - Investigations were carried out to establish and differentiate the humoral immunoglobulins in SPF-chickens, following an antigenic stimulus with Salmonella pullorum. As many as five components were found in the blood sera of the test birds, which were shown to have immunoglobulin properties. They were differentiated as IgM, IgA, IgG1, IgG2, and IgG3. Those of the IgA-type were found in exudate material from the abdominal cavity of birds infected with Salmonella pullorum. In the course of the infectious process initiated by Salmonella pullorum in SPF-birds and followed up for 16 days only immunoglobulins sensitive to 2-mercaptoethanol were produced. PMID- 7112921 TI - [Comparative study of strains of Newcastle disease virus in cell cultures of chick embryo fibroblast]. AB - Comparative investigations were carried out with local velogenic strains (2 viscerotropic--Haskovo and Bregovo, and neurotropic--Rosa and Toutrakan) and 6 standard strains of the Newcastle disease virus, belonging to various pathogenic groups, in tissue cultures of chick embryo fibroblasts. The four local strains as well as the velogenic one (The. GB) and the mesogenic standard strains (Komarov, Roakin, and Hertfordshire) were reproduced in such cultures, producing a clear cytopathic effect without preliminary adaptation passages. The two strains studied parallel to the others, that were of velogenic pathogenic type (La Sota and Hitchner B1) did not produce cytopathogenic effect, and the cultural liquids did not poses agglutination activity with regard to chicken erythrocytes. The average infection titers in tissue cultures of chick embryo fibroblasts (TCID50) for the particular strains in an experiment varied in a wide range and proved higher with the velogenic (regardless of the fact that they belonged to the viscero- and neurotropic pathogenic type) that with the mesogenic strains. The TCID50/cm3 titer ratio of the strains with regard to their corresponding infection titers in chick embryos (EID50/cm3) also varied in a wide range, but invariably in favour of EID50. The latter was more strongly expressed for the mesogenic strain than for the velogenic pathotype strain of the Newcastle disease in experimental conditions. PMID- 7112922 TI - [Causes of disorders affecting the hatching and viability of broiler chicks]. AB - Studies were carried out on the hatchability and broiler-bird viability in dependence on meeting the needs of parental birds of vitamins A and E. The experiments were carried out under productive conditions with material taken from four poultry farms. The forage mixtures intended for parental birds were sampled with regard to studying the content of carotene, vitamins A and E, fats, aldehydes, protein calcium, and phosphorus. The same content was followed up also with establishing the biologic activity of vitamin E in breeding eggs of layers at different age. A correlation was established between vitamin A and vitamin E in the forage mixtures for the parental birds and the hatchability and viability of the broilers. Thus, at values for A and E vitamins 6970 UI, resp. 3772 UI hatchability dropped by 1,7 per cent and the number of birds of low viability rose by 3,16 per cent, which was associated with the deficient amounts of carotenoids, and A and E vitamins in the eggs for breeding. PMID- 7112923 TI - [Preventive effect of the preparation "Bulgarben" in calves with digestive disorders]. AB - Scientific and economic trials were carried out to test the prophylactic effect of the preparation Bulgarben in calves affected with digestive troubles. Bulgarben was given in the first 10 days after birth at the rate of 100(3) daily of a 12.5 per cent suspension formula activated in one of the milk rations of the animals. The investigations were effected on six farms of the country with a total of 622 test and 586 control calves. The economic analyses of the results showed that with the use of the preparation the number of occasional outbreaks was reduced to 19.9 per cent with the test animals, while it was as high as 42.5 per cent with the control ones. With the test calves mortality rate dropped to 1.6 per cent, and with the controls it was 4.94 per cent. The amount of drugs used with the test animals was three times lower than that used with the untreated controls for the whole experimental period. It was found that the preparation produces a good prophylactic effect in the case of digestive troubles in calves. PMID- 7112924 TI - [Effect of salinomycin (K 364) on the fattening of pigs]. AB - Experiments with pigs of the White Bulgarian Improved breed of initial weight of 25 kg revealed that the oral administration of salinomycin at the rate of 50 ppm (from the beginning of treatment up to the 61st day) and 25 ppm (from the 62nd day up to the 117th day) with the feed led to the increase in weight gain by 10.9 per cent and in feed conversion by 7.4 per cent by the end of the experimental period. The effect of nutrition was manifested regularly in the course of both periods of fattening. The slaughter weight also rose under the effect of salinomycin. It should be noted that higher rates of treatment--100, resp. 50 ppm -for the respective periods led to the reduction of the stimulant action of salinomycin. Under the conditions to the investigation nitrovin did not show a clearly manifested nutrition effect. PMID- 7112925 TI - [Teratogenic effect of the pesticide preparation metathion]. AB - A total of 600 chick embryos were used to test the teratogenic action of the phosphorous organic pesticide metathion in a 89.3 per cent substance. The embryonated eggs used had equal weight (62 +/- 1 g), and originated from the pure genetic Plymouth line 33. On the 2nd day of incubation sterile injection was made in the yolk sac as follows: i group--4.9 mg/kg metathion solved in propyleneglycol; II group--2.45 mg/kg metathion in propyleneglycol; III group- with propyleneglycol alone; IV group--treatment via sterile prick only; and V group--controls. As many as 40 embryos per group were investigated on the 14th, 18th, and 21st day, being brightened after the alizarin method. It was found that metathion-treated embryos (Group I and II) had according to the dose used, strongly manifested weight loss as early as the 14th day of incubation as against the other two groups. Both propyleneglycol and pricking did not produce unfavourable effects on the rate of growth. In more than 20 per cent of the metathion treated embryos there were total or partial edematization of the body and lagging behind in feathering. The teratogenic effect was most strongly manifested with regard to the bone system. Most characteristic proved the malformations in the skull bones, substantiating the so called 'parrot bill' deformity. With the legs most characteristic were their shortening, thickening and caudolateral flexing of the tibia which assumed a G-shaped form. It is believed that the teratogenic effect of metathion is due to its anti-vitamin action (abiotin effect). At 2.45 mg/kg it causes 80 per cent malformations in all cases, and at 4.9 mg/kg--95 per cent. The abnormalities are predominantly of the micromelia type. PMID- 7112927 TI - [Precipitinogen activity of Newcastle disease virus and humoral immunity in birds]. AB - Studies was the precipitinogenic activity of the strains La Sota, 'H', and 'II' of the Newcastle disease virus, using chick embryos. It was found that all three of the strains produce precipitinogens. An antigen was obtained for the precipitation reaction in agar gel and the demonstration of precipitins that were specific for the ND virus in the blood serum of birds. Contrary to the hemagglutinins and precipitinogens proved heatresistant. There was a correlation between the antihemagglutinins and the precipitinogens in the blood serum of the immune birds. The low percent of birds (up to 12%) having precipitins in their serum spoke of the development of solid immunity against Newcastle disease within the flock. On the other hand, the high percent of birds having precipitins (over 50%) indicated that the infection persisted, and because of the immunity present it fairly often assumed atypical course or was manifested with low mortality rate. PMID- 7112926 TI - [Blood concentrations and anti-Borrelia anserina activity of erythromycin salts in birds]. AB - Tested was comparatively the antispirochaetal activity of erythromycin asparaginate (EA), thiocyanate (ET), and lactate (EL) in a total of 314 chickens, pullets and cockerels artificially infected with Borrelia anserina (strains Surnevo and Pamoukchii). The antibiotics were applied via the crop, with the drinking water, and subcutaneously. The general status of the birds mortality rate, spirocheataemia, and the blood level of antibiotics were followed up along with the effect of EA and ET on the post vaccinal immunity against spirochaetosis. The crop application of EA, ET, and EL at rates of 25000 and 50000 IU/kg from the day of infection for 3 days produced a good prophylactic effect (with single birds only there was transient spirochaetaemia without death cases). At 15000 UI/kg the prophylactic effect was very weak. EA, ET, EL at 120, 180, 250, and 300 IU/kg with the drinking water, and at 150000 and 350000 UI/kg with the feed in the course of 3 to 7 days from the day of infection did not have satisfactory antispirochaetal effect because the birds did not readily accept the medicated water and feed. A comparatively better antispirochaetal effect was established with EA and ET. These antibiotics were found not to inhibit the conference of post vaccinal immunity. Highest blood levels and longest retention were by EA. Very good results were obtained with the subcutaneous application of EA at 25000, 18000, and 15000 IU/kg, once daily in the course of 3 days from the day of infection. PMID- 7112928 TI - [Hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies against arboviruses in cattle sera]. PMID- 7112929 TI - [Ratio between lactating and dry periods in cows differing in milk yield and duration of the period between calving]. AB - A study was carried out on the duration of the lactation period at different milk yield values and variable duration of the calving interval. It was found that the time period of lactation was influenced by the calving interval and the amounts of milk obtained. When the calving period was more than 365 days there was an unproportional lengthening of the lactation period which led to the respective lengthening of the dry period of cows. One day lengthening of the calving period brought about an increase of the dry period by 0.3 to 0.4 days. In the groups where milk yields amounted up to 4000 1 per cow the relative share of animals whose lactation period was below the standard was higher as compared to the groups with milk yields amounting over 4000 1 per cow. The higher the milk yield the higher the number of cows whose lactation period was within the norm. However, what is commonly observed is that with most of the cows the lactation period is below the standard, and this substantiates the fact that considerable amounts of milk are not really obtained. PMID- 7112930 TI - [Plaque formation by strains of Newcastle disease virus in monolayers of chick embryo fibroblasts]. AB - Comparative studies were carried out with 4 local velogenic strains (2 viscerotropic and 2 neutropic) and 6 standard strains of the Newcastle disease virus of the various pathogenic groups with regard to their plaque-forming capacity in a monolayer of tissue cultures (TC) of chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF) under agar cover, after a routinely employed method. It was found that the velogenic strains produce a heterogenic (in terms of plaque size) population of bright, mat-white plaques regardless of their belonging to the viscero-, resp, neurotropic pathogenic type. The mesogenic produced only small, bright plaques, while the lentogenic strains produced no plaques. The plaque-forming unit titers per cm3 in TC of CEF of the strains as well as their ratio to the respective infectious titers for chick embryos (EID50) and for TC of CEF overlaid with liquid nutrient medium by microscopic record of the cytopathic effect (TCID50) varied within a wide range. It was in favour of EID50, and in most of the strains - in favour of TCID50 no matter to which type of strains belonged. The results obtained with the use of the plaque method in TC of CEF confirmed the concept of a number of authors abroad that they could be used successfully as an index in typing also for the differentiation of the Newcastle disease virus strains. PMID- 7112931 TI - [Activities of glutamate-oxalate and glutamate-pyruvate transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase in the serum of lambs weaned at different ages]. AB - Experiments were carried out with 32 lambs weaned at different age and fed a dry milk replacer as well as with 20 control lambs nursed by their ewes. All lambs were divided into three groups. Those of the first one were weaned at the age of 5 days, those of the second group - at 15 days, and those of the third group - at 20 days. Blood was sampled at the beginning of the test and then for a second and a third time at a 15-day interval in order to study the serum glutamate-oxal acetate transaminase (SGOT), the serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), the alkaline phosphatase (AP), and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). It was established that at the first study in the beginning of the experiment SGOT and SGPT were at a higher level in the test animals than in the control ones. AP was found to rise in both groups with the advancement of age. Lowest values in the activity of LDH were recorded with the two groups at the age of 5 days. No differences were established between the values of LDH in the test and control groups in all investigations. The rise of SGOT and SGPT in the test lambs spoke of adaptation of the enzymes as a result of changes in the metabolic pattern with the lambs of different feeding. PMID- 7112932 TI - [Rapid sensitive method of thin-layer chromatography for the determination of residual amounts of monensin in biological matter]. PMID- 7112933 TI - [Bacterial contamination, clinical and pathohistological findings in the sex organs of cows following parturition]. AB - Studied were a total of 119 cows of the Bulgatian Brown breed in different physiologic status at various numbers of days following parturition. Thirty-seven of the animals showed puerperal endometritis, while the remaining showed a normal course during puerperium. Uterine secretion and biopsic material for bacteriologic and histologic investigation were taken from all cows. Sixteen species of organisms were isolated from the animals with endometritis, and 12 species - from those with normal puerperium. Highest bacterial counts in both groups were found on the eighth to twelfth day, however, with the endometritis affected cows they remained at a comparatively high level up to the 40th day after giving birth. With the cows of normal puerperium the bacterial count was found to drop abruptly after the twelfth day. No correlation was found between the bacterial and the histologic finding. Histologically, recovery processes set in by the 25th-30th day and clinically, the involution of the uterus set in by the 30th-35th day after calving. PMID- 7112934 TI - [Effect of population density during raising on amino acid levels in the serum and various organs of broilers]. AB - Experiments were carried out on a productional premise of controlled microclimate. Broilers were raised under one and the same conditions of keeping and feeding at two density values - 14 and 22 birds per 1 m2 of the flooring area. The level of amino acids was followed up in the blood serum, liver, and the red and white muscles of the broilers of the two groups. It was found that at higher rates of population (22 birds per 1 m2) the biotic-ecologic factors were influenced the integral effect being the activation of catabolism of proteins in the body of birds. At higher density the amount of amino acids in these organs was found to drop, changes being observed also in the amino acid profile. Nitrogen in the feed was also influenced positively in terms of its conversion into amine nitrogen. PMID- 7112935 TI - Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis without granulocytic infiltration. AB - Twenty-seven cases of an unusual necrotizing lymphadenitis previously described only in Japan are reported as occurring in West Germany (23 cases), Iran (1 case), Italy (1 case), Korea (1 case) and Spain (1 case). The lesion frequently develops in the cervical lymph nodes of young women. It is characterized by infiltration of the cortex and/or paracortex by large collections of proliferating histiocytes and is devoid of granulocytes. Complete or, more often, incomplete necrosis of lymphoid tissue is seen in all cases. In cases with incomplete necrosis, the histiocytes are interspersed with pyknotic cells and nuclear debris. Based on the histological findings, the term "histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis without granulocytic infiltration" is proposed. Lesions to be considered in a differential diagnosis are malignant histiocytic neoplasms and necrotizing lymphadenitis with granulocytic infiltration, which is seen in lupus erythematosus and bacterial infections. The aetiology of histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis without granulocytic infiltration is still unclear. Some clinical and histological features indicate the possibility of an underlying viral infection. PMID- 7112936 TI - Papillary carcinoma of choroid plexus. Light and electron microscopic study. AB - Two cases of papillary carcinoma, one in a 23-month-old girl and the other in a 25-month-old boy who both died within a relatively short time after operation, were studied histologically and electron microscopically. Both tumors originated in the right trigone of the lateral ventricle and spread widely via the cerebrospinal fluid. Histologically, the tumors consisted mostly of a differentiated papillary architecture closely resembling choroid plexus papilloma. Some carcinoma cells, showing cellular atypism, displayed a multilayer arrangement. The amount and distribution of PAS-, Alcian blue-, or orcein positive substances on the cell surface and/or in the interstitial elements of the carcinomas differed from that of choroid papillomas examined in our laboratory. Electron microscopically, the carcinoma cells in some areas showed a loss of apical-basal polarity, and the formation of both microvilli and desmosome like structures was indistinct. Papillary carcinoma is reviewed on the basis of the literature from 1906 till 1980. PMID- 7112937 TI - Intrapulmonary mesotheliomas: their identification by tissue culture. AB - Two cases of primary intrapulmonary spindle-celled sarcomas unrelated to the pleura have been studied by electron microscopy, tissue culture and histochemistry. Ultrastructurally both tumors showed some desmosomial unions. The first case showed cytoplasmic filaments, nuclear inclusions, prominent rough endoplasmic reticulum and abundant collagen in the interstitium. The second tumor showed scanty organelles and a paucity of interstitial connective tissue fibers. In spite of their spindle morphology both tumors showed a similar pattern in vitro, growing as an epithelial plaque in the same way as previously described mesotheliomas and related tumors, such as synovial sarcomas. Histochemistry of the tumor mass allowed the identification of most of the cavities which were engulfed alveoli and bronchioli. Both neoplasm were classified as intrapulmonary mesotheliomas. Their relationship to other pulmonary lesions is discussed. PMID- 7112938 TI - Presence and state of woodchuck hepatitis virus DNA in liver and serum of woodchucks: further analogies with human hepatitis B virus. PMID- 7112939 TI - Perception of suprathreshold stimuli during saccadic eye movements. AB - We have investigated the extent to which a graded series of suprathreshold stimuli are perceptually weakened by saccadic suppression. Stimuli were brief decrements of variable amplitude in the illumination of a Ganzfeld. For each of several decrements presented during fixation, we determined a matching amplitude of decrement presented during saccades. The measure of saccadic suppression was the ratio of these two amplitudes. The matches made by three observers exhibit ratios as high as 6:1 (0.8 log unit of suppression) near the threshold. Suppression decreases systematically as the strength of the stimulus increases, reaching 0.1 log unit or less for stimuli 2 log units above threshold. PMID- 7112940 TI - The pigeon's distant visual acuity as a function of viewing angle. AB - Distant visual acuity was determined for several viewing angles in two restrained White Carneaux pigeons. The behavioral technique was a classical conditioning procedure that paired presentation of sinusoidal gratings with shock. A conditioned heart rate acceleration during the grating presentation indicated resolution of the grating. The bird's acuity was fairly uniform across a large range of their lateral visual field; performance decreased slightly for posterior stimulus placement and sharply for frontal placements. The data suggest that foveal viewing is relatively less advantageous for acuity in pigeons than in humans. The data are also consistent with the current view that pigeons are myopic in frontal vision. PMID- 7112941 TI - Calibration of the retinal illuminance provided by Maxwellian views. PMID- 7112942 TI - LEDs: convenient, inexpensive sources for visual experimentation. AB - This article presents the electrical and optical properties of LEDs for use as visual stimulators in neurophysiological and psychophysical research. one particular circuit is considered in detail which should enable an investigator with minimal technical expertise to build a high quality and versatile stimulator within a few hours and at a minimal cost. Improved circuits and anticipated developments in LED technology are discussed. PMID- 7112943 TI - Ganglion cell acuity in hooded rats. AB - Previous measurements of retinal ganglion cell acuity in hooded rats have differed significantly from behavioral tests of visual acuity. One possible source of this discrepancy is examined--that light deprivation in early life may result in deficits in ganglion cell acuity. No evidence to support this hypothesis is found. Rat retinal ganglion cells exhibited a broad range of acuities. Cells with the highest resolving capacities have acuities close to those measured previously in behavioral tests. The relationships which may potentially exist between physiological and behavioral measures of visual acuity are discussed. PMID- 7112944 TI - Evidence for luminance and quasi-sustained color mechanisms. AB - Reaction time distributions were determined in response to near-threshold intensity increments predicted to isolate either the opponent-color or luminance system. The reaction time histograms show a clear distinction between when the chromatic and achromatic systems detect the stimulus. Our results are consistent with previous reports suggesting the achromatic system is more sensitive to higher temporal frequencies than the chromatic system. PMID- 7112945 TI - Contour curvature analysis: hyperacuities in the discrimination of detailed shape. AB - Curvature discrimination thresholds were measured for a wide range of stimulus curvatures and sizes. Results are compared with an ideal processor of curvature to provide relative efficiencies. The results lead to three major findings. (i) Curved lines may be processed with the same precision as straight lines for decisions of shape, demonstrating a new class of hyperacuity. (ii) High relative efficiencies are obtained for all curved lines with an orientation range of less than 40 deg. (iii) This performance is not however consistent with common processing for straight and curved lines. The results are discussed, and two or possibly three separate processes are suggested as the basis for detailed shape perception. PMID- 7112946 TI - Detection of vertical disparties. AB - Psychometric curves determined for the detection of differences between vertical disparities as a function of the reference disparity for three presentation times (20 msec, 160 msec and 2 sec) and for two eccentricites of the stimulus (0.5 degree and 4 degrees) are presented. The results show that the detectability of disparity differences first increases and then decreases when the reference disparity is increased from zero. It further appears that the only effect of the stimulus presentation time and eccentricity on the psychometric curves and their dependency on the reference disparity is that the effective disparities observed are multiplied by a constant factor. The experimental data can be described by a signal detection model with two special features around zero disparity where binocular single vision occurs, viz. Loss of information about the sign of disparity and presence of intrinsic noise at a level up to 25% higher than the minimum level found at intermediate disparities. PMID- 7112947 TI - Contrast sensitivity at high velocities. AB - Measurements were made of the contrast required to see the direction of motion of drifting gratings (Part 1) and of moving bars (Part 2). The spatial frequency at which least contrast is required to see sinusoidal gratings decreases as their velocity increases, but peak sensitivity is identical at all velocities up to 800 deg/sec. Similarly, the wider a single bar, the higher the velocity at which it is best visible. A bar 80 deg wide is best seen when moving at 300-500 deg/sec, and can be seen, and its direction of motion identified, even when moving at 10(4) deg/sec. These results show that motion does not diminish the visual passband, but instead slides the spatial frequency window along the spatial frequency scale, maintaining peak sensitivity at a temporal frequency of about 10 Hz (at photopic luminances). PMID- 7112948 TI - A stereoscopic presentation of the Hermann Grid. PMID- 7112950 TI - A solid-state television pupillometer. AB - An application of an MOS-type solid-state imaging sensor to a television pupillometer is described. Its advantages over the conventional image-tube pupillometers using silicon vidicons are demonstrated with special emphasis on its excellent dynamics performance. Design considerations for an MOS-type solid state TV camera and the schematic diagram of a pupillometer which detects the horizontal pupillary diameter are presented. Two methods of infrared illumination giving no heat sensation to subjects are also proposed: the effective use of an aquatic filter and solid-state illumination utilizing i.r.-LEDs. PMID- 7112949 TI - A new detergent for the study of visual pigments. PMID- 7112951 TI - Effect of focus on visual acuity of human infants. AB - Recent theoretical arguments (Green et al. (1980) Vision Res. 20, 827-835) predict that young human infants should have large depths of focus compared to adults. If so, optical blur should have relatively little effect on the resolving power of infant subjects. We tested this hypothesis by measuring the influence of optical blur on acuity thresholds in 6-week old infants and adults. Using the forced-choice preferential looking (FPL) technique, we obtained acuity thresholds for each subject with five different lens powers (plano, -14 D, -3 D, + 6 D and +14 D). Acuity was differentially affected by lens power in all subjects, with the best acuity produced by high power lenses, both plus and minus, was considerably less for infants than for adults. Although the effects of negative lenses are difficult to interpret without knowing the infants' exact accommodative state, the results with positive lenses support the theoretical predictions. PMID- 7112952 TI - Photomechanical movements in the trout retina following brief flashes of light. PMID- 7112953 TI - The orientation and direction selectivity of cells in macaque visual cortex. AB - Quantitative data are presented on the orientation and direction specificity of the responses of cells in macaque monkey striate cortex. There is a bimodal distribution of direction-specific and nondirection-specific cells, with similar orientation tuning in each class. Cells range in orientation bandwidth at half amplitude from 6 degrees to 360 degrees (i.e. no orientation tuning), with a median near 40 degrees. Foveal-parafoveal and simple-complex subsamples show similar ranges of orientation bandwidths as well as similar medians (the bandwidths being somewhat broader than those found in cat cortex). The foveal subsample and a high-spatial-frequency subsample have more horizontal and vertical optimal orientations than oblique ones. Most cells show inhibition to some orientations, as well as excitation to others. Minimum-response orientations are generally less than 90 degrees from the optimal orientation--indicating maximum inhibition adjacent to the excitatory orientations. Three simple receptive field models are shown to differ in their abilities to account for these results. PMID- 7112954 TI - Spatial frequency selectivity of cells in macaque visual cortex. AB - We measured the spatial frequency contrast sensitivity of cells in the primate striate cortex at two different eccentricities to provide quantitative statistics from a large population of cells. Distributions of the peak frequencies and bandwidths are presented and examined in relationship to (a) each other, (b) absolute contrast sensitivity, (c) orientation tuning, (d)retinal eccentricity, and (e) cell type. Simple and complex cells are examined in relationship to linear/nonlinear (that is, X/Y) properties; a procedure is described which provides a simple, reliable and quantitative method for classifying and describing striate cells. Among other things, it is shown that (a) many stirate cells have quite narrow spatial bandwidths and (b) at a given retinal eccentricity, the distribution of peak frequency covers a wide range of frequencies; these findings support the basic multiple channel notion. The orientation tuning and spatial frequency tuning which occurs at the level of striate cortex (in a positively correlated fashion) suggests that the cells might best be considered as two-dimensional spatial filters. PMID- 7112955 TI - Effects of stimulus vergence on mean accommodation response, microfluctuations of accommodation and optical quality of the human eye. AB - This study was carried out on three observers by means of a highly sensitive infra-red optometer, the principle of which is recalled, associated with other measurement techniques. We found the accommodative "resting position" to coincide with minimum astigmatic ocular aberration, but not necessarily with maximum ocular optical quality, as suggested by Johnson. The amplitude of accommodation microfluctuations appears to vary in opposite directions with ocular optical quality; this result agrees with previous findings of Arnulf et al. The power spectrum of accommodation micrfluctuations we recorded ranged in frequency from 0 to 6 Hz. A relative activity maximum appears in the 1 to 6 Hz bandwidth for the "resting position" or the optimal quality position. We used Toates' s accommodation model as a frame of reference to interpret these results. PMID- 7112956 TI - Responses of Clare-Bishop neurones to three dimensional movement of a light stimulus. AB - Responsiveness of Clare-Bishop (CB) neurons to movement of a visual stimulus and to changes in stimulus disparity and size that associated with movements in depth were studied by using a three dimensional visual stimulator. (1) About a half of them (28/54) were sensitive to disparity- and size-stimuli. (2) the other half (20/54) were activated only by movement-stimulus, and (3) the remaining minority (6/54) responded equally well to all types of stimuli. These observations suggest that CB neurons encode movements in three dimensional space on the basis of their responsiveness to stimulus disparity and size. PMID- 7112957 TI - Rayleigh discriminations in young human infants. AB - The capacity of young infants to discriminate 3 x 3 degrees broadband red or 550 nm green squares from a 589 nm yellow surround was tested by means of the forced choice preferential looking technique. All 3-month olds, about 3/4 of the 2-month olds, and just under half of the one-month-olds could make at least one of these discriminations. Taken together with other known properties of infant color vision, the failures of discrimination shown by the younger infants are more readily modeled as immaturities of neural processing than as an absence of anomaly of LWS or MWS cones. PMID- 7112958 TI - Spatial organization of neurochemically classified interneurons of the goldfish retina-I. Local patterns. AB - Certain interneurons in the goldfish retina are uniquely specifiable by their abilities to take up exogenously supplied [3H]gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), [3H]glycine, [3H]dopamine of [3H]serotonin al low micromolar concentrations. Each ligand labels one or two unique populations of interneurons yielding six cell types characterized by soma location, soma size, level and form of dendritic arborization, and local spatial patterning. This report summarizes these qualitative features and provides quantitative evidence on the size and spatial distributions of : (1) GABA-ergic horizontal cells, (2) GABA-ergic amacrine cells, (3) glycinergic amacrine cells; (4) glycinergic interplexiform cells; (5) dopaminergic interplexiform cells; and (6) indoleaminergic amacrine cells. PMID- 7112959 TI - Early dark adaptation, the receptor potential and lateral effects on the retina. AB - The rapid threshold drop in early dark adaptation has been found to slow, following saturating adaptation levels in the rod monochromat, and following cone saturating flashes in normal subjects. This supports the idea that early dark adaptation reflects the decay of the receptor potential to the adapting light, but contrast effects also influence the shape of the early dark adaptation curve. It is proposed that early dark adaptation reflects both receptor potential decay and loss of lateral effects following an adapting light. Variations of curve shapes are discussed from this point of view, with their theoretical significance. PMID- 7112960 TI - Sensitivity of the blue-sensitive cones across the central retina. AB - We measured increment thresholds up to 5 degrees eccentricity using a 10' dia flash viewed against 10(4) td of 572-nm background. We found two distinct sensitivity profiles, one with flash wavelengths 410-470 nm and another with 520 580 nm. Spectral sensitivity plots indicate blue-sensitive cones and green sensitive cones for the two profiles, respectively. Sensitivity of blue-sensitive cones is maximum at 1 degree eccentricity. Measurements at greater eccentricities are susceptible to adaptation to test field. The light-collecting area of blue sensitive cones raised to a power follows the sensitivity profile of blue sensitive cones. PMID- 7112961 TI - Ganglion cells mediating the signals of blue sensitive cones in primate retina detect white-yellow borders independently of brightness. PMID- 7112962 TI - The "silent substitution" method in visual research. AB - The "silent substitution" method, which has become well-known mostly through the work of Rushton and his collaborators, can be traced back to experiments performed by M. Ishihara under Exner's supervision at the beginning of the century. Rushton provided a theoretical framework for the method with the enunciation of his "principle of univariance". In this paper we show how the "silent substitution" concept can be further generalized to any arbitrary number of photoreceptor classes by making use of well-established concepts of colorimetry. With this approach, which we have called "spectral compensation", one also gains a better insight into the possibilities and shortcomings of the technique. To illustrate this, we apply our approach to examine a number of published studies where use has been made of "silent substitution", with particular emphasis on the work of W. A. H. Rushton. PMID- 7112963 TI - Lateral interactions in the control of visual sensitivity. AB - Threshold vs intensity curves for cone vision, measured in the parafoveal retina, quickly saturate if the adapting background is made small (e.g. 19' at 5 degrees eccentricity). Log increment threshold increases at a rate of about 3:1 with log background illuminance at levels as low as 10 td. This shows that lateral interactions are an important process in preserving differential sensitivity in cone vision across the wide range of illuminances over which it normally operates. Parallels between light and dark adaptation in the effect of field size were explored, since effects of comparable magnitude are observed in both. Backgrounds and bleaches equated for their effects at one field size do not have equal effects on threshold at other field sizes, however, with small-area bleaches raising threshold more than predicted. This failure of equivalence was also revealed in a second experiment, in which recovery of sensitivity following small area bleaches was measured in the presence of large steady background fields, which have the effect of lowering threshold. Thresholds following the small bleach were lowered less than expected on the basis of the "equivalent background" hypothesis, a result which we take to mean that signals from bleached cones exceed those produced by a background which has an equivalent effect on threshold (the "equivalent background"). Control experiments examined whether rods contribute to the overloading of cone response by small fields and the possible contribution of such central adaptation processes as spatial frequency adaptation. PMID- 7112964 TI - A method of imputing length of gestation on birth certificates. PMID- 7112965 TI - [20-year prognosis of closed mitral valve commissurotomy. I. General characteristics of a study group]. PMID- 7112967 TI - [Hepatitis in hemophiliacs with multiple transfusions]. PMID- 7112966 TI - [Plasma K - its biological value and use]. PMID- 7112968 TI - [Cholecystokinin-secretin test and ultrasonography in the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 7112970 TI - [Filtration leukapheresis]. PMID- 7112969 TI - [Computer evaluation of the electrocardiogram in the District Health System]. PMID- 7112971 TI - [Determination of glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetics]. PMID- 7112972 TI - [Von Hippel-Lindau disease. A study of a single family]. PMID- 7112973 TI - [Should a patient with hemoblastosis and his family be informed of the diagnosis of this disease?]. PMID- 7112974 TI - [20-year prognosis of closed mitral valve commissurotomy. VI. Functional improvement after surgery and work capacity]. PMID- 7112975 TI - [20-year prognosis of closed mitral valve commissurotomy. VII. Clinical picture of operated patients over 60 years of age]. PMID- 7112976 TI - [2-dimensional echocardiography in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7112977 TI - [The antiarrhythmic effect of intravenously administered disopyramide]. PMID- 7112978 TI - [Precordial accelography in healthy subjects and in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7112979 TI - [Systolic time intervals in the normal population]. PMID- 7112980 TI - [Circulating immunocomplexes and erythrocyte sedimentation in malignant tumors]. PMID- 7112982 TI - [Effects of triiodothyronine and thyroxine in the initial stages of treatment of hypothyroidism]. PMID- 7112983 TI - [Which type of hemodialyzer will we use in our hemodialysis centers in the future?]. PMID- 7112981 TI - [Metabolic indicators of the causes and status of diabetic osteopathy]. PMID- 7112984 TI - [Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)]. PMID- 7112985 TI - [Clinical aspects and hemodynamics of an arteriovenous fistula of the renal vessels]. PMID- 7112986 TI - [20-year prognosis after commissurotomy for mitral stenosis. VIII. Is the status of the surgical patients and surgical outcome changing?]. PMID- 7112987 TI - [20-year prognosis after commissurotomy for mitral stenosis. IX. Final evaluation]. PMID- 7112988 TI - [Immunological aspects of acute pneumonia]. PMID- 7112989 TI - [Thyrotoxicosis in diabetics]. PMID- 7112990 TI - [The false-positive fibrinogen test]. PMID- 7112991 TI - [Diagnostic significance of alkaline phosphatase in the diagnosis of metastatic liver neoplasms]. PMID- 7112992 TI - [Severe hypoglycemia due to Dirastan (tolbutamide) in a diabetic with chronic renal failure]. PMID- 7112993 TI - [Septic shock after splenectomy]. PMID- 7112994 TI - [A ball-shaped thrombus with a thin stalk in the left atrium]. PMID- 7112995 TI - [The effects of thermotherapy and saunas on the cardiovascular system]. PMID- 7112996 TI - [Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase - its significance and use in clinical practice]. PMID- 7112997 TI - [Precruise training class for ship's physicians]. PMID- 7112998 TI - [Organization of intensive therapy in a district military hospital]. PMID- 7113000 TI - [Treatment problems in general suppurative infection]. PMID- 7113001 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of pulmonary complications in sepsis]. PMID- 7112999 TI - [Prevention of complications in treating intra-articular fractures of the tibial condyles]. PMID- 7113002 TI - [Technical means for the occupational psychophysiological selection of military specialists]. PMID- 7113004 TI - [Diagnosis of heart rhythm and conduction disorders and their expert evaluation in flight personnel]. PMID- 7113003 TI - [Method for the psychophysiological selection of motor vehicle drivers]. PMID- 7113005 TI - [Effect of acupuncture on the body's immunobiological reactivity of sailors]. PMID- 7113006 TI - [Work organization in a centralized sterilization unit at a polyclinic]. PMID- 7113007 TI - [Acute gastroduodenal hemorrhage in young persons suffering from peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7113008 TI - [Treatment of mycoses in the tropics]. PMID- 7113010 TI - [Microsurgical cataract extraction with simultaneous implantation of an artificial crystalline lens]. PMID- 7113012 TI - [Treatment of paronychia in a military medical section]. PMID- 7113013 TI - [Let us compete according to individual creative plans]. PMID- 7113009 TI - [Clinical and treatment characteristics of herpes zoster]. PMID- 7113011 TI - [Prevention of acute intestinal infections in the unit under field conditions]. PMID- 7113014 TI - [Treatment of traumatic ruptures of the eardrum]. PMID- 7113015 TI - [Treatment of spastic torticollis using short-term analytic orientation therapy]. PMID- 7113016 TI - [Vitiligo. Symptoms, classification and treatment]. PMID- 7113018 TI - [Localized pleural mesothelioma]. PMID- 7113017 TI - [The effect of drugs on clinical and biochemical measurements]. PMID- 7113019 TI - [Levels of oxalates in serum and urine in calcium oxalate urinary calculi]. PMID- 7113021 TI - [Direct determination of staphylococcal enterotoxin type A in food]. PMID- 7113020 TI - [Pneumonia in Yugoslavia from 1958 to 1978]. PMID- 7113022 TI - [Pathophysiology and treatment of otosclerosis. Use of sodium fluoride therapy]. PMID- 7113023 TI - [Pulse rate and urinary catecholamines in cadet pilots during test flights]. PMID- 7113024 TI - [Isolation of mycoplasmas in nonspecific urethritis in a military camp]. PMID- 7113025 TI - [Replacement of reserves of high priority drugs]. PMID- 7113026 TI - [The syndrome of low triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations in the peripheral blood]. PMID- 7113028 TI - [Epidemiologic characteristics of varicella]. PMID- 7113027 TI - [A comparative study of the treatment of duodenal ulcers using cimetidine and the usual drug therapy]. PMID- 7113029 TI - [Polarographic determination of glutathione in erythrocytes]. PMID- 7113031 TI - [Ultrastructure of chordomas]. PMID- 7113030 TI - [Care of gunshot fractures at the company level in wartime]. PMID- 7113032 TI - [A case report of phononeurosis from the speech therapy and psychological aspects]. PMID- 7113033 TI - [Use of drug therapy for cerebral infarcts in the acute stage]. PMID- 7113034 TI - [Problem of optimizing the action of therapeutic physical factors]. PMID- 7113035 TI - [Action of a permanent magnetic field in compression of the carotid arteries and asphyxia (an experimental study)]. PMID- 7113036 TI - [Use of an audio-range magnetic field in various diseases]. PMID- 7113037 TI - [Use of laser therapy in osteoarthrosis deformans]. PMID- 7113038 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the effect of diet, pharmaco- and balneotherapy on a number of metabolic indices in obesity]. PMID- 7113039 TI - [Importance of the pain syndrome in assessing cardiovascular function in the late periods after the occurrence of a myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7113040 TI - [Sources of an artificial magnetic field for implantation (an experimental study)]. PMID- 7113041 TI - [Effectiveness of spinal traction in combination with mud applications in the combined polyclinic treatment of cervical osteochondrosis]. PMID- 7113042 TI - [Detection of early forms of diabetes mellitus in the sanatorium]. PMID- 7113043 TI - [Treatment of diabetic encephalopathy at Mirgorod health resort]. PMID- 7113044 TI - [Optimization of the combined treatment of ischemic heart disease at Baltic health resorts]. PMID- 7113045 TI - [Compatibility and incompatibility of physiotherapeutic factors and procedures]. PMID- 7113046 TI - [Current sources of a magnetic field usable for treatment]. PMID- 7113047 TI - [Device for the exposure of biological objects to a permanent magnetic field]. PMID- 7113048 TI - [Problems in optimization of drug electrophoresis]. PMID- 7113049 TI - [Changes in the content of opiate-like substances in auricular electroacupuncture anesthesia of rats]. AB - It was shown that auricular electro-acupuncture in rats, sufficient to induce analgesia, resulted in a significant increase of endorphins in cerebro-spinal fluid with a concomitant decrease in the basomedial hypothalamus and medial thalamus of beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity as well as endorphin-like radioreceptor activity. In addition, the radioreceptor assay also revealed a decrease of endorphin-like radioreceptor activity in the periaqueductul gray matter. plasma levels of endorphins were not altered. Cerebro-spinal fluid contained only endogenous opiate ligand material with enkephalin-like molecular weight. PMID- 7113050 TI - [Advance lines of fundamental medical research]. PMID- 7113051 TI - [Content of hypophysiotropic, adrenotropic and thyrotropic hormones in the blood in Duchenne's progressive muscular dystrophy]. AB - Content of hypophysis-, adrenal gland- and thyroid gland-tropic hormones was studied in blood plasma of children with primary X-linked Dushenne's myopathy at various periods of the disease, as compared with the patterns observed in healthy children of the same age. Increase in the functional activity of hypophysis and decrease -- in functions of adrenal cortex glands were observed in the muscular dystrophy; these alterations correlated with the disease steps. Relationship between the hormonal alterations and the dystrophy steps suggests the importance of the hormones in pathogenesis of the myodystrophic impairment. PMID- 7113052 TI - [Cortisol inhibition of cholesterol and phospholipid biosynthesis in the rat liver]. AB - Effect of hydrocortisone on biosynthesis of cholesterol and phospholipids in liver tissue was studied using intact rats, in adrenalectomy, under conditions of stimulation of lipid biosynthesis by cholestyramine and Triton WR-1339. Hydrocortisone was shown to inhibit biosynthesis of cholesterol and phospholipids in rat liver tissue if 2-14C-acetate was used as a precursor. The hormone inhibited biosynthesis of lipid components in membranes of adrenalectomized rats. Under conditions of preactivation of the lipid biosynthesis, using simulation with cholestyramine and Trition WR-1339, hydrocortisone decreased the synthesis of cholesterol and phospholipids. PMID- 7113053 TI - [Possible mechanisms of rat liver peroxidation of lipids in the recovery period after mechanical asphyxia]. AB - Lipid peroxidation was stimulated in rat liver tissue after mechanical asphyxia due to inhibition of the antiradical and antiperoxidase systems simultaneously with an apparent increase in production of free radicals. Lipid peroxidation in liver membranes was maintained at the high level after reanimation despite of normalization (and occasional increase) of the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. PMID- 7113054 TI - [Oxidative phosphorylation and the activity of the polyenzyme systems of rat liver mitochondrial membranes in starvation]. AB - The rate of mitochondrial phosphorylation, evaluation by coefficient of respiratory control and the ratio ADP/O, was decreased as a result of lowering in the rate of phosphorylation and DNP-stimulated oxidation, occurred in rat liver tissue under conditions of long-term starvation (5 days) as compared with control animals. In starvation rat liver mitochondria were most distinctly impaired by high temperature, phospholipase A2 and trypsin. Latent destructions, formed in mitochondrial membranes, were responsible for high lability of the organelles in starvation. In long-term starvation incorporation of exogenous cytochrome c into mitochondrial membrane was impaired also due to deterioration in structural relationship between phospholipids and protein of the membrane. PMID- 7113055 TI - [Specificity characteristics of estrogen interaction with the cytoplasmic receptors of the uterus and oviducts in green monkeys (Cercopithecus griseus)]. AB - The specificity of interaction in Cercopithecus griseus uterus and oviduct cytosol receptor systems with 14 estrogenic substances has been characterized. It was shown that the activity of steroid-receptor interaction was mainly due to presence of hydroxyl groups in C3- and C17b-positions. The nearest environment of these functional groups in molecules affected also the affinity of steroids to the systems investigated. Analysis of the cytosol estrogen-receptor system specificity from Cercopithecus griseus, guinea pig, human uterus and oviduct showed the general pattern of the estrogen binding to the above-mentioned systems. Similarity was also noted between these Cercopithecus griseus and human estrogen-receptor systems. PMID- 7113056 TI - [Role of ATP in regulating the oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex of the adrenal cortex]. AB - At unsaturating concentration of 2-oxoglutarate, ATP markedly inhibited the adrenal oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex activity due to chelation of magnesium ions required for activity of the enzyme. At the same time, ATP opposed competitively the activating influence of a positive effector ADP. PMID- 7113057 TI - [Effect of myocardial ischemia on the phospholipid composition of cardiac tissue and mitochondria]. AB - Concentration of lysophosphatidyl choline was slightly increased in heart tissue within 30 min after total rabbit myocardial ischemia and it was distinctly decreased within 1 hr as compared with control values. In the mitochondria within the initial periods (0.5 hr, 1 hr) of the ischemia concentration of lysophosphatidyl choline increased most markedly but the phospholipid content became similar to control level within 2 hrs. Alterations in the total phospholipid content whereas separate phospholipid fractions, lysophosphatidyl choline and cardiolipin, altered more distinctly in mitochondria. In ischemically impaired cell phospholipases appear to be initially involved in degradation of mitochondria phospholipids. PMID- 7113058 TI - [Proteoglycans of human articular cartilage normally and in age-related degenerative changes]. AB - Content of proteoglycans (PG) was decreased in human joint cartilage under degenerative conditions. This decrease occurred mainly due to the PG tightly bound with collagen but not of their monomers as shown by a stepwise extraction of the PG fractions. Fraction of the PG aggregates, not bound with collagen, was relatively increased in degeneratively impaired cartilage; this appears to occur as a result of impairment in reaction of the PG molecules with collagen matrix. PMID- 7113059 TI - [Neutral lipid content of the erythrocytes and blood plasma in breast tumors and following radiation therapy]. AB - Content of total neutral lipids and the absolute amount of cholesterol were increased in blood plasma of patients with tumors of mammary glands (up to 6 cm in diameter) as well as of phospholipids--in erythrocytes and blood plasma of patients with the tumors (from 4 cm to more than 6 cm in diameter). Content of total lipids and cholesterol was decreased in erythrocytes of patients with the tumors (from 4 cm to more than 6 cm in diameter). Distinct alterations in relative content of various neutral lipids were found: decrease in cholesterol content and increase in triglycerides and fatty acid esters in erythrocytes, decrease in relative content of cholesterol esters and increase of free fatty acids and triglycerides in blood plasma of the patients with tumors below 4 cm in diameter. X-ray irradiation was shown to normalize the content of neutral lipid fraction in erythrocytes and blood plasma. PMID- 7113060 TI - [Role of Kupffer cells and hepatocytes in fibrinogen catabolism]. AB - Products of fibrinogen degradation were studied after incubation of the protein with Kupffer's cells and hepatocytes, isolated from rabbit liver tissue, using immunochemical procedures and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in presence of sodium dodecylsulfate. The fibrinogenolysis was accompanied by a decrease in molecular mass of the protein and appearance of low molecular products of degradation, which were similar to those obtained after plasmin proteolysis of fibrinogen. An activator of plasminogen appears to be present in Kupffer's cells and hepatocytes; catabolism of fibrinogen may occur in liver tissue. PMID- 7113061 TI - [Acid-stable proteinase inhibitor from the urine of pregnant women, the properties of the highly purified preparation and the isolation of a monospecific antiserum]. AB - Two highly purified forms of acid-stable proteinase inhibitor from urine of pregnant women with nephropathies (Mr 22000 and 32000, ASI-22 and ASI-32, respectively) were obtained. The preparations were homogenous in molecular mass and polymorphous in molecular charge (pI from 3.9 to 4.2). ASI-22 an ASI-32 effectively inhibited trypsin and chymotrypsin (Ki approximately 1 x 10(-8)-1 x 10(-9) M, ka approximately 10(5)M-1 sec-1, kd approximately 3 x 10(-4) sec-1) by the permanent mechanism of action. Both forms inhibited the esterase activity of pancreatic pig elastase by the progressive mechanism of action (ki approximately 1 x 10(4)M-1 min-1 at 37 degrees). Rabbit monospecific antiserum to total ASI-22 and ASI-32 preparation was obtained 1 ml of the anti-ASI-serum contained 95 micrograms of antibodies. Total ASI preparations was immunochemically homogenous and had antigenic similarity to inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor from human plasma. PMID- 7113062 TI - [Age-related microsomal hydroxylase activity in virtually healthy persons]. AB - Activity of microsomal hydroxylases was estimated by measuring the half-life of antipyrine secretion in healthy person saliva. Individual differences were found in the enzymatic activity. There main age groups exhibiting various activities of the microsomal enzymes were defined as follows: 1. 4-13 yrs -- high enzymatic activity; 2. 13-60 yrs -- stable activity; 3. older than 60 yrs -- decrease in the enzymatic activity. There were no sex variations in the microsomal enzymes activity. PMID- 7113063 TI - [Principles and methods of studying the survival of cancer patients]. PMID- 7113065 TI - [Postoperative irradiation in the combined treatment of lung cancer patients]. AB - The end results of surgical and combination therapy of lung cancer are compared on the basis of rates of survival for 5 years and longer. Extended resection of lung including the removal of lymph nodes and mediastinal fat tissue was performed in all cases. Such megavolt radiation sources as Lootch, Rokus, Lu-4, 3 Mev were used in postoperative radiation treatment. No significant differences in the end results of the two schemes of treatment were found in cases of stage I-II tumors. Survival for 5 years and longer were registered in 30.2% of patients with stage III tumor after combination therapy and 25.9% of patients treated by surgery alone. Surgical treatment of extensive stage III tumor should be followed by radiation. PMID- 7113064 TI - [Survival kinetics of breast cancer patients undergoing combined chemotherapy for recurrences and metastases]. AB - The results of a comparison of survival rates for 156 cases of recurrent and disseminated breast cancer treated by different schemes of chemotherapy are presented. The survival rates for cases with apparent therapeutic effect were significantly higher than in those without such effect. Statistical methods of kinetic evaluation of treatment effectiveness failed to establish a significant difference in survival rates for patients given combination chemotherapy and those treated by standard procedures. PMID- 7113067 TI - [Importance of dispensary care in detecting the early stage of stomach cancer]. PMID- 7113066 TI - [Sympathico-adrenal system in lung cancer]. AB - The functional state of sympatho-adrenal system in pulmonary cancer patients, healthy subjects and cases of pneumonia and tuberculosis is compared. It was established that the tone of sympatho-adrenal system in pulmonary cancer patients is abnormally low. This is apparent at the early stages of malignant disease. Administration of substances which stimulate redox processes in tissues and the activity of vegetative centers leads to normalization of the functional state of sympatho-adrenal system in pulmonary cancer patients. PMID- 7113068 TI - [Measurement of the transmucosal biopotential differential via a fiber endoscope as a means of diagnosing the spread of malignant stomach neoplasms into the serous membrane]. AB - A new time-saving procedure of preoperative diagnosis of involvement of serosa and adjacent organs in gastric cancer is discussed. It is based on the comparison of electric potentials across tumor (A) and normal gastric mucosa (B) measured by means of fibroendoscope. Coefficient K which is an A/B ratio was obtained. Statistically significant differences in coefficient K were established in 86 cases with and without involvement of serosa. Difference of electric potentials across gastric mucosa was measured by a newly-developed device which includes platinum electrodes. The null electrode was implanted subcutaneously, the active one was inserted into the stomach. PMID- 7113069 TI - [Endoscopic polypectomy of malignant colonic polyps]. PMID- 7113071 TI - [Experience in training physicians in the cytological diagnosis of tumors]. PMID- 7113070 TI - [Surgical treatment of malignant polyps of the large intestine]. AB - The report deals with the results of surgery in 1247 cases of colonic polyps. Malignant polyps were observed in 101 cases (8.1%). Eighty percent of polyps were up to 10 mm in size. Seventy five percent of malignant polyps were more than 10 mm in diameter. 94.4% of malignant polyps were in the rectum and sigmoid colon. Electro excision of malignant polyps via fibrocolonscope or rectoscope has been used on a large scale in recent years. Within five years after operation, newly developed tumors were detected on the same sites in 11 cases (11.8%) (benign tumors--5, malignant polyps--4, carcinoma of large bowel--2). Newly-developed tumors were found at other sites in 26 patients (benign tumors--20, malignant polyps--5 and large bowel cancer--1). PMID- 7113074 TI - [Multiple desmoids in a 14-year-old girl]. PMID- 7113072 TI - [Analysis of the morbidity and status of surgical care in colonic cancer in Moscow]. PMID- 7113075 TI - [Results of a radical operation for multiple primary tumors of the large intestine]. PMID- 7113073 TI - [Immunohematologic indices in teratoblastomas of the tongue]. PMID- 7113076 TI - [Transient ECG changes in the diagnosis of focal myocarditis complicating influenza]. PMID- 7113077 TI - [Effect of preloading on myocardial pumping and contraction in patients with acquired heart defects]. PMID- 7113078 TI - [Intramyocardial tension in systole and chief indices of left ventricular diastole in scleroderma]. PMID- 7113080 TI - [Various methodologic aspects of diagnosis (using joint diseases as a model)]. PMID- 7113079 TI - [Clinico-immunologic significance of circulating immune complexes in dermatomyositis in adults]. PMID- 7113081 TI - [Features of cellular immune reactions in patients with myocarditis of different etiology]. PMID- 7113082 TI - [Characteristics of sensitized lymphoid cells in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7113083 TI - [Antibodies to actin of homologous myocardium in rheumatism and various other diseases]. PMID- 7113084 TI - [Disability in diffuse connective tissue diseases and problems in social and vocational rehabilitation]. PMID- 7113085 TI - [Selection of the best method for treating juvenile rheumatoid arthritis by using a chart]. PMID- 7113086 TI - [Epidemiologic and clinical features of joint diseases among the Tuvans of the Todzhinsk Region of the Tuvan ASSR]. PMID- 7113087 TI - [Classification of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7113088 TI - [Dispensary care of rheumatoid arthritis patients from a rheumatology office]. PMID- 7113089 TI - [Differential diagnosis of the early stage of Bekhterev's disease]. PMID- 7113090 TI - [Instrument for measuring the amplitude of ankle movement]. PMID- 7113091 TI - [Various aspects of the pathogenesis of systemic scleroderma and the role of microcirculation in the morphogenesis of joint changes in the diseases]. PMID- 7113092 TI - [Mitral valve prolapse]. PMID- 7113093 TI - [Late results and problems in the rehabilitation of patients after heart valve prosthesis for rheumatic defects]. PMID- 7113094 TI - [Use of aminokrovin in the complex treatment of peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7113096 TI - [Principles for developing preventive nutrition for workers in contact with industrial chemical sensitizing agents]. PMID- 7113095 TI - [Energy requirements of petroleum workers in Western Siberia]. AB - Energy requirements of drillers, derrick mounters and maintenance workers belonging to dispersed collectives were defined on the basis of materials available at the oil field Surgutneft named for the 50th anniversary of October. Energy requirements of the team workers were studied by the method of Douglas Haldane during autumn-winter in the course of performing various production processes. Energy requirements were established as regards the operations made in the course of the basic technological processes. The budget of the working time was calculated in accordance with a rate-qualification manual. Energy consumption during out-of-work time was established by the method of individual questionnaires, followed by energy consumption calculation during various types of the work according to the generally accepted energy equivalents. The daily energy consumption with regard to the eight-hour work was found to constitute 3100-3660 kcal for drillers and the first assistant drillers, and 3700-3900 kcal for the second and third assistant drillers. The oilmen were distributed into groups in terms of the work intensity: group II--drillers, first assistant drillers and maintenance workers; group III--the second and third assistant drillers, assistant maintenance workers, and derrick mounters. PMID- 7113097 TI - [Effect of dietary iron deficiency on the activity of the monooxygenase system of rat liver microsomes and its induction by phenobarbital]. AB - Male Wistar rats kept on the iron-deficient diet for 7-71/2 weeks showed an increase in the content of cytochromes P450 and b5 in liver microsomes that was accompanied by the elevated rate of N-demethylation of amidopyrin and dimethylalanine (type I substrates), and by that of p-hydroxylation of aniline (type II substrate). The changes described wee observed in the presence of a 20 25% reduction in the hemoglobin content in the blood of experimental animals. Administration to rats of phenobarbital (100 mg per kg mass daily for 3 days) caused an induction of the monooxygenase system of the liver endoplasmic reticulum. However under the conditions of iron deficiency in the diet the degree of cytochrome P450 induction and that of the reaction rate of N-demethylation in microsomes were slightly less than under the full-value diet. PMID- 7113098 TI - [Study of the thiamine supply of healthy school-age children and adolescents by examining transketolase activity and the TDP effect in the blood]. AB - A modified method is described for determination of transketolase (TK) activity in the blood and the degree of its stimulation under the effect of exogenous thiamine diphosphate (TDP-effect). The method allows for an appreciable reduction of the time required for an analysis and to decrease 2-fold the blood volume necessary for the determination. With the use of the modification described 70 schoolchildren of three age groups (7-10, 11-13 and 14-15 years old) attending one of the Moscow non-specialized prolonged-day schools were examined. It was found that the magnitude of TDP-effect in the schoolchildren of all three groups was fairly similar (9.4, 7.7 and 6.9%, respectively) and was within normal (15%). Despite adequate thiamine status of all the group on the whole, in part of the schoolchildren (in 20% on the average) of each age group the magnitude of TDP effect exceeded 15%. This pointed to inadequate supply with thiamine of these schoolchildren and to the necessity of taking appropriate measures aimed at preventing the clinically marked thiamine deficiency. The modified method suggested may be used during studies on thiamine supply of different population groups, particularly of the schoolchildren attending non-specialized schools. PMID- 7113099 TI - [Various indices of vitamin B6 metabolism in healthy children and children suffering constitutional-exogenous obesity]. PMID- 7113100 TI - [Relation between ascorbic acid metabolism and the body' supply of vitamin K]. AB - Experiments on rats were made to study the content of ascorbic (AA), Dehydroascorbic (DAA) and diketogulonic (DKGA) acids in the blood serum, daily urine, liver, adrenal, kidney, spleen and lung tissues under varying body supply with vitamin K. The rats with vitamin K deficiency manifested the decreased content of AA, DAA and the elevated content of DKGA in the blood serum, daily urine and test tissues. The percentage of AA absorption by blood proteins was found to be increased upon vitamin K deficiency in the body. The changes in AA metabolism correlated with the reduced capillary resistance. Administration of AA to rats with vitamin K deficiency led to an increase in the content of AA, DAA and to a lowering of DKGA in the blood serum and tissues promoting the normalization of capillary resistance. The data obtained attest to the dependence of AA metabolism on the body supply with vitamin K, pointing to the necessity of exercising the control over AA metabolism in different forms of vitamin K deficiency. PMID- 7113102 TI - [Effect of pantothenate on indices related to cobalamin metabolism in vitamin B 12 deficiency]. AB - White rats kept on the B12-deficient diet for 9 weeks developed hyperchromic anemia, manifested the reduced content of cobalamines in the blood, kidneys, liver, myocardium and urine, the increased excretion of methylmalonic acid (MMA) and the intensified activity of CoA and its precursors participating in the reaction of acetylation in the liver, kidneys and myocardium. There was a decrease in the content of cobalamine-protein complexes that break down to the greatest extent at 80 degrees C. Ten-fold administration of cyanocobalamine (0.5 microgram/kg), calcium pantothenate (3.3 mg/kg) or of both the preparations concurrently removed the aforesaid disorders of cobalamine metabolism, with the most complete therapeutic effect being attained upon combined use of the vitamin preparations. Administration of pantothenate increased the content of cobalamines and cobalamine-protein complexes in the liver and myocardium, normalizing methylmalonylaciduria. PMID- 7113101 TI - [Niacin deficiency and correlation between oxidative reactions of the pentose phosphate pathway of carbohydrate metabolism and transketolase activity]. AB - Rat were kept on the niacine-deficient diet with addition of excess L-leucine. This led to an appreciable reduction of the level of all the forms of nicotinamide coenzymes in the liver, heart, brain and blood, as well as to the loss of niacine function (as coenzyme) in dehydrogenase reactions in the test tissues. The increase in the glucose-6-phosphate level in the heart dependent on changes in the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The keeping on the diet devoid of niacine was followed by activation of blood transketolase and by transition of the biosynthesis of pentosophosphates from the oxidative to the non oxidative branch of the pentosophosphate pathway. Administration of 3 acetylpyridine to both intact and avitaminotic rats revealed vitamin action of the preparation on the level of nicotinamide coenzymes and the activity of NADP dependent dehydrogenase and showed that 3-acetylpyridine is not fit as antivitamin for use with a purpose of aggravating niacine deficiency in rats under the experimental conditions described. PMID- 7113103 TI - [Effect of cooking on vitamins in poultry and rabbit meat]. AB - The preservation of vitamins was examined upon different types of thermal culinary treatment of poultry and rabbit meat. The losses of vitamins upon thermal treatment are determined by their destruction in the course of cooking, as well as by the transfer to the boiling water or outflow with muscle juice and fat upon frying. One of the main factors that affects the preservation of vitamins is the the duration of thermal treatment. The preservation of individual vitamins in the dishes is different and varies depending on the type of culinary treatment. Thiamine, vitamin A and carotene were found to be the least preserved whatever the type of treatment. All the vitamins under test were found to be the most preserved (within 85-100%) upon chop frying. PMID- 7113104 TI - [Concentration of N-nitrosoproline in food products]. PMID- 7113105 TI - [Changes in the lipid content of grits when boiled]. PMID- 7113106 TI - [Diet therapy of chronic pyelonephritis of children]. PMID- 7113107 TI - Removal of leukocytes from blood by fibre filtration. A comparison study on the performance of two commercially available filters. AB - Two different kinds of filters suitable for the almost complete removal of leukocytes from blood-cell concentrates were tested. The maximal retention of filter I was 1.9-3.4 x 10(9) leukocytes per filter, whereas filter II could retain 3.6 - 7.8 x 10(9) leukocytes per filter before the leukocyte concentration in the filtrate passed the level of 500 leukocytes/micrometer. The leukocytes, once absorbed by the fibre material, could be released by washing the filters I, whereas the leukocytes were retained by the material of the filters II. No detectable particles were released after the first 100 ml of filtrate during the washing procedure of either kind of filters. From more than 20% of the filters I, more than 500 pg/ml of endotoxin could be released during the prewashing, whereas none of the filters II was contaminated with endotoxin. The filter II released acetic acid which could be completely removed during the prewashing with 250 ml of saline solution. Operation according to the prescribed conditions of 25 filters of both kinds revealed that the residual leukocyte content in the filtrate was more than 0.25 x 10(9) leukocytes in 8 out of 25 of the filtrates when filters I were used, whereas with all filters II, this content remained lower than 0.1 x 10(9) leukocytes per filtrate. It was concluded that only filter II has sufficient capacity to guarantee the removal of 97% of all leukocytes and 90% of the thrombocytes present in 500 ml of fresh human blood. PMID- 7113108 TI - Production of direct agglutinins by the combination of incomplete antibodies to protein A-bearing Staphylococcus aureus cells. AB - A novel method is described for the production of saline-reacting antibodies from "incomplete' blood grouping sera. IgG anti-D is combined to protein A-bearing Staphylococcus aureus (SA), forming a polyvalent anti-D assembly. The SA-anti-D has a high titre in saline and is stable on 4 degrees C storage and lyophilisation. The material was successful in Rh(D) typing cells sensitised in vitro with various antibodies. Saline-reacting SA-anti-Kell and SA-anti-C were also produced. PMID- 7113109 TI - Ulex seed extracts: lymphocyte growth inhibition and the anti-H hemagglutinins. AB - Extracts produced from the seeds of Ulex europaeus are commonly used for their ability to react with the H basic substance present on erythrocytes and secreted in body fluids. Such extracts were found to also contain a potent inhibitor of human and murine lymphocyte growth. Inhibition of growth does not result from cytotoxicity and is easily reversible. Ulex seed extract (USE) solutions were modified in various ways to produce reagents in which the anti-H hemagglutinins were either retained or removed. The fractionated solutions were then analyzed for hemagglutination and lymphocyte growth-inhibiting activity. Such studies clearly indicated that these two biological functions resulted from the action of different materials. The lymphocyte growth inhibitor is not a glycoprotein lectin. It does not mediate its effect through the H basic substance and is a heat-stable, small molecule. The data suggest that plant seed extracts employed for their lectin content may contain an additional class of biologically active agents potentially useful in man. PMID- 7113110 TI - Immunological monitoring of a patient with Guillain-Barre syndrome successfully treated with plasma exchange. AB - A patient with Guillain-Barre syndrome was successfully treated by plasma exchange (without any other therapy), and the relationship between changes in his peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations and the clinical improvement induced by plasma-pheresis was studied. At the recovery, the most interesting findings were an increase in T suppressor lymphocytes, and in Fc receptor-bearing lymphocytes (above normal values), together with a decrease in B lymphocytes. In this patient, plasma exchange not only removed toxic humoral factors, but also restored a normal balance among peripheral lymphocytes. PMID- 7113111 TI - Two new slow-moving variants of human serum albumin. AB - Two new slow-moving variants of human serum albumin were found in members of two unrelated Japanese families. These variants, different from each other and from the slow-moving variants described previously, were designated albumin "Okinoerabu' and albumin "Akasaka'. The mode of inheritance of each variant was consistent with an autosomal codominant trait. A very rare type, homozygote for a variant, albumin "Okinoerabu', was also detected. The segregation data of albumin and Gc showed no discrepancy from the postulation of a linkage between these two loci. PMID- 7113112 TI - Febrile transfusion reaction: what blood component should be given next? AB - Reports of febrile, nonhemolytic transfusion reactions (FNHTR) occurring at hospitals served by a regional blood center supplying 99,658 units of blood during 1980 were analyzed to determine if leukocyte-poor red blood cells prepared by the inverted centrifugation technique (LP RBCs) were adequate to prevent subsequent reactions. FNHTR occurred following 0.5% of units transfused. The records of transfusions given to patients who had a FNHTR were reviewed in a subgroup of hospitals. Of 253 such patients, 161 received subsequent transfusions, 140 received red cells or LP RBCs without a reaction. The remaining 21 had a second reaction following transfusion of packed red cells. 12 of the 21 received further red cell transfusions. Only one experienced a third febrile reaction after receiving LP RBCs. We conclude that LP RBCs are adequate to prevent recurrence of FNHTR and question the need for costly saline-washed, leukocyte-poor red blood cells for this purpose. PMID- 7113113 TI - Summary of the third Meeting of the ISBT Working Party on Automation and Data Processing, New York, USA, October 27-30, 1981. PMID- 7113118 TI - Rapid phenotyping of C3 by immunofixation on cellulose acetate strips. PMID- 7113114 TI - Normal viability of platelet concentrates obtained from CPDA-1 blood after storage in CL-3000 blood containers. AB - Platelet concentrates were obtained from blood anticoagulated with CPDA-1 and their viability after storage in CL-3000 containers for 72 h at 22 degrees C and for 24 and 48 h at 4 degrees C was studied using autologous reinfusion of 51Cr labeled platelets. Yield and t1/2 values after such storage were similar to those previously reported for other containers and anti-coagulants. Survival of platelets stored at 22 degrees C for 3 days was essentially normal with the expected yields for that duration of storage. As has been described for other containers, adenine has no adverse or beneficial effect on platelet viability when assessed with these methods. PMID- 7113116 TI - Survival of homozygous Coa (Colton) red cells in a patient with anti-Coa. PMID- 7113117 TI - A new therapeutic antibody removal method using antigen positive red cells. Application to M-incompatible pregnant women. AB - A study was made for the therapeutic removal of red cell antibodies using antigen positive red cells. With preliminary experiments in vitro, the criteria for the optimal absorption of anti-M with O MM red cells were estimated to be the following: an incubation time of 10 min, an incubation temperature of 0-4 degree C (in an ice-water bath), and a red cell-to-plasma ratio of 1:2.5. On the basis of these in vitro experiments, the following procedure was designed. One unit (about 90 ml) of O MM packed red cells was added to a bag containing 250 ml of patient's plasma, the mixture was incubated in an ice-water bath for 10 min. Following centrifugation, autologous plasma from which the antibodies were removed was reinfused. After absorption the titer of anti-M fell from 512 to 4. No variation in the level of other plasma components was detected and no hemolysis was seen. After 2.51 of patient's plasma was treated using the above described method, the antibody titer usually decreased one log2 unit. When this method was compared with exchange plasmapheresis, no significant abnormalities in the immunoglobulin and hemostatic factors could be detected, but a moderate decrease in platelet count was seen after plasmapheresis. Thus, it appears that our method provides a rational therapeutic modality for specifically removing antibodies. PMID- 7113115 TI - Modulation of complement lysis of human erythrocytes by the membrane lipid viscosity. AB - Human red blood cells (H-RBC), sensitized by specific rabbit antihuman hemolysin, showed a significant increase in susceptibility to complement lysis after rigidification of the membrane lipid layer by incorporation of cholesterol (p less than 0.001). Conversely, fluidization of the membrane lipid layer by treatment with phosphatidylcholine for cholesterol depletion displayed increased tolerance to the complement lysis (p less than 0.01). Antisera, obtained from 6 rabbits immunized with untreated H-RBC, were tested separately. The average serum concentration, exerting 50% hemolysis, was 1,1 +/- 0.4% for the cholesterol enriched H-RBC and 16.3 +/- 7.5% for cholesterol-depleted H-RBC. PMID- 7113120 TI - [Basic trends in the development of therapeutic and prophylactic care for the population of the Ukrainian SSR in the 11th Five-Year Plan]. PMID- 7113119 TI - Anti-Dp is anti-K14. PMID- 7113121 TI - [Basis for the therapeutic use of soft mineral water from well No. 4 at the Morshin spa]. PMID- 7113122 TI - [Case of amyloid resorption]. PMID- 7113124 TI - [Clinical characteristics of the autonomic vascular disorders in lumbosacral radiculitis]. PMID- 7113123 TI - [Late treatment results in brain contusions with subarachnoidal hemorrhage]. PMID- 7113125 TI - [Deontological aspect of the "physician-patient" problem in Soviet medicine]. PMID- 7113126 TI - [Means of improving the utilization of the hospital bed supply]. PMID- 7113127 TI - [Causes of errors in the diagnosis of glomerulonephritis and the means for their elimination]. PMID- 7113128 TI - [Diagnostic potentials of liquid-crystal thermography in urology]. PMID- 7113129 TI - [Importance of phonoenterography for the diagnosis of acute kidney failure]. PMID- 7113130 TI - [Lipid metabolism in chronic pyelonephritis]. PMID- 7113131 TI - [Vascular wall permeability in chronic kidney failure]. PMID- 7113133 TI - [characteristics of the course of ischemic heart disease in obesity]. PMID- 7113132 TI - [Morphofunctional characteristics of the microcirculatory bed of serous membranes in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7113134 TI - [Acute abdomen in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7113135 TI - [Oxidative processes in patients who have had a repeated myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7113137 TI - [Cor pulmonale and atrial fibrillation]. PMID- 7113136 TI - [Clinico instrumental diagnosis of the early stages of heart failure in mitral heart defects]. PMID- 7113138 TI - [Clinico-immunological analysis of balneological reactions in the health resort treatment of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7113139 TI - [Erythrocyte link of blood coagulation at different periods in hypertension]. PMID- 7113140 TI - [Functional interrelations of the greater and lesser circulation in hypertension]. PMID- 7113141 TI - [Correction of the carbohydrate metabolic disorders in hypertension and obesity]. PMID- 7113142 TI - [Importance of the bicycle ergometric test in evaluating the work capacity of hypertension patients]. PMID- 7113145 TI - [Pathogenesis and correction of hemodynamic shifts in bronchial obstructive syndrome]. PMID- 7113143 TI - [Adaptation status of hypertension patients]. PMID- 7113144 TI - [Use of hyperbaric oxygenation in paroxysmal states due to vertebrobasilar insufficency]. PMID- 7113146 TI - [Combination of duodenal peptic ulcer and cholelithiasis]. PMID- 7113148 TI - [Clinico-endoscopic data on multiple gastric and duodenal ulcers]. PMID- 7113147 TI - [Gastric secretory status in chronic cholecystitis during the treatment process]. PMID- 7113149 TI - [Treatment effectiveness in chronic enterocolitis at the Poliana and Soima spas]. PMID- 7113150 TI - [Ideological and political education of interns]. PMID- 7113152 TI - [Role of x-ray study in detecting diaphragmatic hernias in anemia patients]. PMID- 7113151 TI - [Liver function in peptic ulcer combined with chronic hepatitis]. PMID- 7113153 TI - [Tasks and means of developing public health in Kiev under the 11th Five-Year Plan]. PMID- 7113154 TI - [Functional indices of the bronchopulmonary apparatus in the workers of the spinning plant of a cotton mill]. PMID- 7113155 TI - [Treatment at Mirgorod health resort during the recovery period of viral hepatitis]. PMID- 7113156 TI - [Differential diagnostic importance of blood serum polarography in viral hepatitis and obstructive jaundice]. PMID- 7113157 TI - [Acute experimental ornithosis pneumonia]. PMID- 7113158 TI - [Organization of neurological care for patients with cerebrovascular pathology in the prehospital stage]. PMID- 7113159 TI - [Prolactin content of the blood in thyrotoxicosis]. PMID- 7113160 TI - [Clinico-morphological characteristics of nodular euthyroid goiter]. PMID- 7113161 TI - [Thermographic control of the conservative treatment of peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7113162 TI - [Importance of thermography in the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 7113163 TI - [Bile acid content of the blood in peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7113164 TI - [Microbial factor in the pathogenesis of organic diseases of the hepatopancreatoduodenal area]. PMID- 7113165 TI - [Lumbar retroperitoneal novocaine blockade in pancreatitis]. PMID- 7113166 TI - [Diagnosis of benign stomach tumors]. PMID- 7113169 TI - [Increased effectiveness of primary prophylaxis in cardiovascular diseases in a medical district]. PMID- 7113167 TI - [Combined therapy of chronic noncalculous cholecystitis at Truskavets health resort]. PMID- 7113168 TI - [Combined treatment of chronic prostatitis at Morshin health resort]. PMID- 7113170 TI - [Psychotherapy in the combined treatment of hypertension]. PMID- 7113171 TI - [Hemodynamic characteristics in chronic cor pulmonale in the middle-aged and elderly]. PMID- 7113172 TI - [Case of multiple electric defibrillations of the heart]. PMID- 7113174 TI - [Blood coagulation and nonenzymatic fibrinolysis indices in acute and chronic pneumonias]. PMID- 7113173 TI - [Diagnosis of hairy cell leukemia]. PMID- 7113176 TI - [Case of Hamman-Rich disease]. PMID- 7113175 TI - [Primary multiple pulmonary alveolar hydatid disease]. PMID- 7113177 TI - [Morphological and cytogenetic indices of the degree of anaplasia in malignant skin melanomas]. PMID- 7113178 TI - [Level of vasopressin excretion and hemodynamic indices in the hypothalamic syndrome]. PMID- 7113179 TI - [Impairment of hemopoiesis by chloramphenicol with a description of 2 fatal cases]. PMID- 7113180 TI - [Acute onset gastric atony with a peritoneal syndrome following mental trauma and leading to laparotomy]. PMID- 7113182 TI - [Contact transendoscopic thermometry via a tube in active gastric and duodenal ulcer]. AB - The temperature of the gastric and duodenal mucosa was taken by a contact method in 473 patients with active ulcer disease, 118 of them being with gastric ulcers and 355--with duodenal ulcers. Sixty four of the gastric ulcers were with superficial gastritis, 54 gastric ulcers were with atrophic gastritis, 298 duodenal ulcers--with superficial inflammatory process and 57 duodenal ulcers with atrophic inflammatory process. The control group consisted of 31 healthy subjects without ulcer niche. In all patients, the temperature of the gastric and duodenal mucosa and in the periulcer niche was transendoscopically taken, at 6 separate levels. Four determinations were performed at each level (at the lesser curvature, greater curvature, anterior and posterior walls). A higher temperature, as compared with the control group, was found in the presence of ulcer defect in the region of duodenum and stomach. In case of superficial inflammatory process no temperature change developed in the mucosa, thus maintaining a statistically significant discrepancy in the region of the ulcer niche. The atrophic process reduced the temperature in the gastric zone in case of active gastric ulcer. The atrophic inflammatory process, in case of active duodenal ulcer, had no statistically significant effect on the higher temperature in the zones of duodenum and pylorous (T1 and T2) in the sites of the ulcer and around it, very likely due to the less manifested atrophic process in the duodenal mucosa as compared with the gastric one. PMID- 7113181 TI - [Clinical observations on the therapeutic activity of the preparation mendiaxon in diseases of the biliary tract]. AB - The immediate effect of 400 mg mendiaxon was studied in 8 patients with various hepatobiliary diseases. The drug was administered via a duodenal tube in a duodenal drainage tubing according to a minute schedule during the phase of pure bile C secretion. An increased volume was found in all cases. The maximum choleresis exceeds the basal one from 3 to 8 times. The rate of bile flow, in the majority of the patients, was between 2 and 3.3. ml/min. The treatment was carried out on 25 patients in the course of 10 days with a daily dose of 1200 mg (400 mg three times). A good pain-killing effect was obtained. Adverse effects and allergic reactions were not observed. The results from our studies provided grounds to recommend mendiaxon use in the clinical practice. PMID- 7113183 TI - [Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography with an ultra-fine needle (Chiba) in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of cholestasis]. AB - The results are reported from the application of percutaneous transhepatal cholangiography (PTC) to 17 patients with cholestasis--II with extrahepatal cholestasis, 4 with primary biliary cirrhosis and 2--with cholelithiasis. PTC was 100 per cent successful in the patients with dilated biliary ducts, and in those with not dilated ones--in 66.60% (totally in 88.24%). In six of the patients PTC was successful as early as the first liver puncture, and six--with the second and in three--with the third (in two patients with not dilated biliary ducts PTC failed). After PTC performance, pains in epigastrium and under right hypochondrial region appeared in the majority of the patients (no grave complications and lethal cases were observed). Via PTC an accurate diagnosis could be made, the causes of biliary ducts obstructions being precosely localized and specified in 80 to 88.6 per cent. PTC supplements and defines more accurately the clinical diagnosis in 35.29 per cent, contributing to the making of an accurate diagnosis for the first time in 29.42 per cent of the examined patients. PMID- 7113184 TI - [Endoscopic diagnosis of malignant tumors of the esophagus]. AB - The results from 1389 fibroesophagoscopies in case of various esophageal diseases are reported. The diseases, in 57.6 per cent of the examined, are admitted to be precancerous. The endoscopic picture of initial carcinoma of esophagus is described and in 77 patients--of already manifested carcinoma (histologically confirmed). In 35 of the patients the lower third of esophagus was involved in the carcinoma process, in II--the middle third and in 2--the upper third. Polypoid carcinoma of esophagus was found in 55 per cent of the examined, infiltrating carcinoma--in 34 per cent and ulcerous carcinoma--in II per cent. The complex fibroendoscopic examination, combined with a biopsy and cytology, provide the highest potentialities of an accurate diagnosis of the malignant tumours of esophagus. PMID- 7113185 TI - [Effect of combined pathogenetic treatment in rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7113186 TI - [Treatment of chronic renal failure by means of routine hemodialysis]. AB - The authors share their eight-and-a half-year experience in the treatment of 136 patients with terminal chronic renal insufficiency (CRI), treated via programmed hemodialysis. The programmed hemodialysis was established to considerably prolong the lives of the patients with terminal CRI. Many of them were rehabilitated to a state, making them feel complete citizens. The authors established that the patients with Balkan endemic nephropathy, as compared with those with chronic pyelo-nephritis and glomerulonephritis were adapted and rehabilitated far faster. It was also established that the earlier the hemodialysis treatment was performed, the faster those patients were adapted and rehabilitated and the longer they lived. The effectiveness of hemodialysis therapy was negligible in patients with poor general state. According to their observations blood urea should not be higher than 180-200 mg%, creatinin--over 10-12 mg%, hematocrit- under 25% and hemoglobin under 8 g%. PMID- 7113188 TI - [Arthrosis: contribution to its treatment]. AB - A new treatment model of arthrosis disease is proposed in the paper, being original and not published so far. A total of 1625 patients have been treated according to that method and the results in the greater part of the treated- followed for 10-12 years. The principle of the treatment is--the concentrated sterile solution to be locally applied in the affected sites by periarticular, paravertebral and perineural infiltrations. The concentrated solution for one infiltration consists of 20 ml 10% sodium salicylate, 20 ml 1% novocain and 2 ampoules vitamin B1--for the bigger joints and spine, and for the smaller joints- half of the quantity. The infiltration procedures for the various parts of the organism are reported, the treatment course (10-12 infiltrations every second day) with a condition sine qua non--previous novocain testing of the patient. The results from the treatment, with a duration of the disease from 1-2 years, are reported to be very good and lasting, whereas in more severe cases, with relapses of various periods, a repeated treatment course is recommended. PMID- 7113189 TI - [Treatment of diabetic angiopathy with pentoxifylline]. AB - The therapeutic effect of pentoxyphilin substance--Trental, was followed up in 102 diabetics (35 females and 67 males) aged from 34 to 79 via a broad complex of clinical and paraclinical methods. Favourable results were found in 90.4 per cent of the treated; excellent effect--in 42.3 per cent of the treated; very good--in 22.4 per cent and good--in 28.3 per cent; only 9,6 per cent of the total number with a short-term treatment (average of 27 days) failed to respond with a sufficient effect. Pentoxyphilin is very well tolerated by the patients, not deteriorating the carbohydrate metabolism; has a high effect coefficient upon the diabetic macroangiopathy; that concerns all stages of arterial lesions in the lower limbs. As regards microangiopathy our experience is still poor, thus making definite conclusions is rather risky, in spite of the encouraging results so far. The preparation is worthy of being widely applied in the clinical practice both in the treatment and prophylaxis of diabetic macroangiopathy. PMID- 7113187 TI - [Cardiovascular changes in the Marfan syndrome]. AB - Marfan's syndrome in its complete and incomplete forms takes very often a course with cardiac complications, predetermining the fate of such patients. The incomplete forms often present difficulties for the timely etiological elucidation of the cardiac changes leading to a retardation in the prescribing a rational regime to the patients and timeliness of the operation treatment. The authors' team own observations are reported on 10 patients with Marfan's syndrome, one with complete form and nine--incomplete forms, all of them with cardiac complications; two with mitral insufficiency, three with aortic insufficiency, four with aortic and mitral insufficiency and one with aortic, mitral and tricuspidal insufficiency; seven of the patients had aneurysm at the initial part of the aorta, manifested to various degrees and one--dysplasia of aorta. Rhythm disturbances were found in one of the patients. One of the patients underwent operation--prosthesis of mitral and aortic valve--with good results. Three of them died of severe total cardiac insufficiency. PMID- 7113190 TI - Sixty-ninth session of the WHO Executive Board; highlights of the executive board. PMID- 7113191 TI - WHO fights dengue haemorrhagic fever. PMID- 7113192 TI - World Health Day 1982: add life to years. PMID- 7113193 TI - Tobacco against youth: international warnings. PMID- 7113194 TI - Thyroid supplements: effect on bone mass. AB - Thyrotoxicosis and thyroid replacement therapy can cause osteopenia. The relative effects of such therapy and of aging, body size, menopausal status and smoking on bone mass were compared by measuring the combined cortical thickness (CCT) of the second metacarpal bone in 151 women taking thyroid hormone. Age was the single factor strongly related to CCT, with the mean CCT decreasing by 0.045 mm per year. Women who had taken estrogen replacement medications had a higher CCT measurement, while those who used thyroid hormone in a dose of at least 3 grains a day had a lower CCT. The rate of loss was reduced in those women using estrogen replacement therapy and increased in those women taking 3 grains or more of thyroid hormone. Women taking 3 grains or more of thyroid hormone should be advised that they are at higher risk for osteopenia. PMID- 7113195 TI - Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy and fluoroscopically guided transbronchial biopsy in the management of solitary pulmonary nodules. AB - In our experience with fluoroscopically guided flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FFB), transbronchial biopsy, bronchial brush, bronchial washing (BW) and sputum cytology (SC) in 101 patients with solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN) less than 6 cm in diameter (without endobronchial tumor), a specific diagnosis was reached via FFB in 36 cases. The diagnostic yields in primary lung malignant lesions (PLM), metastatic lesions and benign SPN were 58 percent, 28 percent and 10 percent, respectively. Size affected diagnostic efficiency considerably, with a 12 percent yield in lesions under 2 cm, a 40 percent yield in lesions 2 to 4 cm and a 63 percent yield in lesions over 4 cm. BW and SC (prebronchoscopic) did not contribute enough information to justify their cost. FFB directly affected therapy in 17 patients who were not thoracotomy candidates and may have influenced the decision for surgical treatment in another 19 patients diagnosed as having PLM. In 65 patients results of FFB were negative and the procedure did not appear to directly affect subsequent management because malignancy was not ruled out. PMID- 7113196 TI - Chronic cough in infants younger than three months. PMID- 7113197 TI - Renal vein thrombosis complicating lipoid nephrosis. PMID- 7113199 TI - The diagnosis of pulmonary embolus. AB - In this issue The Western Journal of Medicine begins a new series, "Topics in Primary Care Medicine," that will present articles on common diagnostic or therapeutic problems encountered in primary care practice. These articles will address such frequently occurring problems as dizziness, pruritus, insomnia, shoulder pain and urinary tract infections. These problems usually do not fall into well-defined subspecialty areas and are rarely discussed thoroughly in medical school, house staff training, textbooks and journals. Often the pathophysiology is poorly understood and clinical trials to assess the effectiveness of diagnostic tests or therapies are often lacking. Nevertheless, these problems confront practitioners with practical management questions. The articles in this series will discuss new tests and therapies and suggest a reasonable approach even when definitive studies are not available. Each article will have several general references for suggested further reading. We hope this new series will be of interest and we welcome comments, criticisms and suggestions. PMID- 7113198 TI - Staphylococcal pericarditis-successful nonsurgical treatment with indwelling catheter and antibiotic drugs. PMID- 7113201 TI - [Droperidol in an attack of hepatic colic]. PMID- 7113200 TI - Holistic medicine: advances and shortcomings. AB - Holistic medicine is an attitudinal approach to health care rather than a particular set of techniques. It addresses the psychological, familial, societal, ethical and spiritual as well as biological dimensions of health and illness. The holistic approach emphasizes the uniqueness of each patient, the mutuality of the doctor-patient relationship, each person's responsibility for his or her own health care and society's responsibility for the promotion of health. As holism has become an increasingly popular concept, it has been distorted by both proponents and critics. Tendencies to equate holism with particular therapeutic modalities, to neglect public health for a one-sided emphasis on individual responsibility and to reject rather than elaborate on the scientific method have hampered the movement's progress. In the future orthodox and alternative approaches and techniques must all be seen as complementary parts of a larger synthesis that will genuinely deserve the name of holism. PMID- 7113203 TI - [Involuntary ureteral enuresis]. PMID- 7113204 TI - [Relations between anatomical location of locomotor system injuries and the type of occupation during industrial accidents]. PMID- 7113202 TI - [Measurements of peripheral vascular resistance in pregnancy, labor and puerperium]. PMID- 7113205 TI - [Chest pain: a diagnostic problem]. PMID- 7113206 TI - [Case of aortic hemorrhage during removal of a foreign body from the esophagus]. PMID- 7113207 TI - [A rarely observed bronchial foreign body in a 16-month-old infant]. PMID- 7113208 TI - [X-ray computed tomography: a contribution to the diagnosis of liver cysts]. PMID- 7113210 TI - [Giant gastric leiomyoma]. PMID- 7113209 TI - [Pancreatic pseudocyst in the hepato-gastro-duodenal ligament]. PMID- 7113211 TI - [Thyreotoxic myopathies as a diagnostic and clinical problem]. PMID- 7113212 TI - [Complications arising in the treatment of priapism]. PMID- 7113213 TI - [Analgesic effect of Cordaron in angina pectoris]. PMID- 7113214 TI - [Central venous pressure changes in patients with myocardial infarct in relation to the electrocardiographic location of necrosis]. PMID- 7113216 TI - [Clinical analysis of 60 patients with primary irritable colon]. PMID- 7113215 TI - [Quinidine efficacy in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and its blood level]. PMID- 7113217 TI - [IgE in the serum of children with pollinosis treated by specific desensitization]. PMID- 7113218 TI - [Asthma in pregnancy]. PMID- 7113220 TI - [Platelet aggregation in various nephropathies]. PMID- 7113219 TI - [Toxoplasmosis in pregnancy]. PMID- 7113221 TI - [Hemodynamic consequences of arrhythmias]. PMID- 7113222 TI - [The surgeon's attitude toward cases of splenic rupture in children]. PMID- 7113223 TI - [The substrate and various psychobiological determinants of social maladjustment]. PMID- 7113224 TI - [Hand-Schueller-Christian syndrome as a cause of chronic cor pulmonale]. PMID- 7113225 TI - [Hemophilia A in a woman with gonadal dysgenesia and 46, XX karyotype]. PMID- 7113226 TI - [Case of gastric leiomyosarcoma]. PMID- 7113227 TI - [Traumatic pneumonia]. PMID- 7113228 TI - [Accuracy of echoflowscan evaluation of carotid artery in comparison to angiography (author's transl)]. AB - The echoflowscan findings of 121 patients with acute cerebro-vascular diseases were compared with the angiographic features. The results of the degree of carotid stenosis correlated well in 86%. In 14% the ultrasonic findings were false. To be more effective in non-invasive carotid evaluation, a selected battery of tests is required. PMID- 7113230 TI - [Mycoplasma pneumoniae-pneumonia in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - A report is given about 64 cases of mycoplasma pneumoniae-pneumonia in childhood. Distribution of the patients age, seasonal frequency of occurrence and clinical, radiological, and laboratory findings are mentioned, also complications and concomitant manifestations of the illness. At present mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia is endemic in Austria and the most frequent kind of pneumonia in children of school age and adolescents. Epidemiology and possibilities of prophylaxis are discussed. PMID- 7113229 TI - [Severe intoxication after combined chemotherapy of a sigma-adenocarcinoma with peptichemio and 5-fluorouracil (author's transl)]. AB - After perioperative adjuvant chemotherapy of a sigma-adenocarcinoma with 400 mg peptichemio and 500 mg 5-fluorouracil a 61-year-old woman developed a severe intoxication: myelosuppression with pancytopenia, gastroenteritis and ulcerative proctitis, toxic hepato- and myocardiopathy, impaired renal function and alopecia. As a result of reduced resistance pneumonias, urinary tract infection, sepsis, cytomegaly infection and candidiasis of the oral mucosa occurred. The toxic effects are attributed mainly to the high dose of peptichemio. PMID- 7113231 TI - [Complications after suprapubic prostatectomy (author's transl)]. AB - From 1962 to 1980 a number of 856 suprapubic transvesical prostatectomies were performed at the Urological University Hospital, Vienna. An analysis of the patients showed a postoperative mortality rate of 2.21% and decisive differences between the first (4.37%) and second (0.74%) decade. Death was primarily caused by pulmonary embolism. In about 9% of the cases a reduced renal function was determined, which, however, did not affect the rate of complications. In more than 9% of the patients early postoperative complication was most frequently determined by the incidence of epididymitis. PMID- 7113232 TI - Principles of antimicrobial prophylaxis. PMID- 7113233 TI - The microbiology of postoperative bacteremia. PMID- 7113234 TI - Prevention of sepsis in gastroesophageal surgery. PMID- 7113236 TI - Clinical trials of antimicrobials in surgery. PMID- 7113235 TI - Antimicrobial prophylaxis in appendectomy patients. PMID- 7113238 TI - Wounds of the portal venous system. PMID- 7113237 TI - A rational approach to antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery. PMID- 7113239 TI - Recurrent laryngeal nerve anastomosis following thyroid surgery. PMID- 7113240 TI - An appraisal of transcatheter arterial embolization combined with transcatheter arterial infusion of chemotherapeutic agent for hepatic malignancies. PMID- 7113241 TI - Cost of nosocomial infections: analysis of 512 digestive surgery patients. PMID- 7113242 TI - Preservation of the ruptured spleen by gluing with highly concentrated human fibrinogen: experimental and clinical results. PMID- 7113243 TI - Jejunal interposition for reflux esophagitis and esophageal stricture unresponsive to valvuloplasty. PMID- 7113245 TI - The anatomy of a computer. PMID- 7113244 TI - Physician alert: a Munchausen patient in Wisconsin. PMID- 7113246 TI - Intrapartum fetal death associated with propranolol; case report and review of physiology. PMID- 7113248 TI - Physician-nurse interrelationships in the hospital setting. PMID- 7113247 TI - Are calcium supplements required during pregnancy? PMID- 7113249 TI - Thrombocytopenia due to sulfonamide cross-sensitivity. PMID- 7113250 TI - Axillary temperatures. PMID- 7113251 TI - Metabolism and excretion of a chromone carboxylic acid (FPL 52757) in various animal species. AB - 1. The disposition of the chromone carboxylic acid (FPL 52757) in several species has been investigated. The compound is extensively metabolized by hydroxylation in rat, mouse, ferret, squirrel monkey, cynomolgus monkey, rabbit, hamster, stumped-tailed macaque and baboon (e.g. 50-100% in rat, cynomolgus monkey and squirrel monkey). 2. The plasma clearance of the chromone in rat, rabbit and squirrel monkey was 138, 44 and 59 ml/kg per h respectively. Plasma clearance by the dog was slower (13 ml/kg per h) and due mainly to elimination of unchanged compound. 3. As the dog is particularly susceptible to FPL 52757-induced hepatotoxicity the parent compound may be responsible. Species which clear the compound rapidly compared with the dog did not show a hepatotoxic response. 4. Although metabolism occurs in man the clearance is still slow (15 ml/kg per h) and may be one reason for human susceptibility to a mild hepatotoxic effect with the compound. PMID- 7113252 TI - The mechanism of hepatotoxicity of a chromone carboxylic acid (FPL 52757) in the dog. AB - 1. The chromone carboxylic acid (6,8-diethyl-5-hydroxy-4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran-2 carboxylic acid) is hepatotoxic in dogs (at 40 mg/kg per day). This toxicity did not appear to be mediated by a reactive metabolite, as the compound was not metabolized by the dog, and phenobarbitone pretreatment (20 mg/kg per day) protected rather than potentiated. 2. Other studies in the dog showed that the chromone caused increases in the biliary excretion of alkaline phosphatase (17 fold), gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (9-fold), and 5'-nucleotidase (13-fold) which paralleled the biliary concentration of the drug (up to 1.3 mg/ml) and was accompanied by a reduction in bile flow. 3. The excretion of the chromone into the biliary tract of the dog was shown to be saturable, and therefore high hepatocellular concentrations of the drug and subsequent liver damage could result. 4. The toxicity of the chromone when administered to rat by retrograde biliary infusion, and the lysis of erythrocytes in vitro, are related to detergent properties of the drug and add confirmatory evidence for a mechanism of toxicity in the dog. 5. It is concluded that the chromone itself is responsible for the toxicity in the dog due to its detergent properties causing damage to the hepatobiliary tract. The protection by phenobarbitone and also by methionine may have been due to an increased bile flow reducing biliary concentrations. PMID- 7113253 TI - The metabolism of the hypolipidaemic drug sultosilic acid in rat, dog and man. AB - 1. Single oral doses of the hypolipidaemic drug [35S]sultosilic acid to rats (40 mg/kg), dogs (40 mg/kg) and man (7 mg/kg) were well absorbed. During three days, means of 59.2%, 58.8% and 61.8% in urine and 37.7%, 31.9% and 19.7% in faeces, were excreted by these species respectively. Most of the dose was excreted during the first 24 h. 2. Peak plasma levels of 35S were generally reached during 1-2 h after oral doses in rats (12 micrograms equiv./ml), dogs (45 micrograms equiv./ml) and two human subjects (15.2 and 10.3 micrograms equiv./ml). In humans, peak plasma levels of unchanged drug (at 1-1.5 h) were 10.5 and 6.3 micrograms/ml. Plasma concentrations of 35S increased almost proportionately to dose in rats following oral doses of 400 and 1200 mg/kg, although in dogs, concentrations were similar at these two dose levels but several times higher than at 40 mg/kg. 3. Tissue concn. of 35S were generally higher in rats than in dogs. Highest concn. occurred at 3 h in rats and 1 h in dogs. Apart from those in the liver and kidneys, tissue concn. were appreciably lower than the corresponding plasma levels. 4. The major radioactive component in dog urine was sultosilic acid. Rat and human urine contained sultosilic acid and also two more polar major metabolites. In male and female rat urine, the proportions of these excretory products differed and the proportions in male rat urine were similar to those in human urine. Sultosilic acid was also the only component detected in dog plasma, whereas rat and human plasma also contained the two urine metabolites. Dog bile contained a conjugate of sultosilic acid. 5. The two metabolites have been identified by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as products resulting from oxidation of the methyl in the p-toluenesulphonyl group. The structures assigned are the corresponding carboxylic acid and the hydroxymethyl derivatives. PMID- 7113254 TI - Pharmacokinetics and distribution of the new antihypertensive agent pinacidil in rat, dog and man. AB - 1. The antihypertensive agent pinacidil was rapidly, and almost completely, absorbed following oral administration of 0.5 mg/kg of the [14C]pinacidil monohydrate to rats and dogs. The half-life was about 1 and 2 h in the two species, respectively. A bioavailability of 80% of unchanged pinacidil in the rat suggests a first-pass effect in this species. 2. After oral and intravenous administration of [14C]pinacidil about 85% of the radioactivity was recovered in the urine and 15% in the faeces in rats and dogs; 80-90% was excreted during the first 24 h. Autoradiographic studies in the rat showed similar distributions after oral and intravenous administration. 3. An oral dose of 5 or 10 mg pinacidil monohydrate was rapidly absorbed in healthy volunteers and had a pharmacokinetic profile very similar to that found in rats and dogs. Concomitant food ingestion did not change the bioavailability of the drug. PMID- 7113256 TI - Metabolic studies in the cat with atracurium: a neuromuscular blocking agent designed for non-enzymic inactivation at physiological pH. AB - 1. Atracurium is a novel bis-quaternary competitive neuromuscular blocking agent designed to undergo rapid non-enzymic inactivation at physiological pH and temperature. 2. Studies of [14C]atracurium in anaesthetized cats using h.p.l.c. techniques showed that the radioactivity eliminated in bile and urine was predominantly metabolites rather than unchanged drug. Both chemical decomposition and enzyme hydrolysis products were observed in vivo. 3. The plasma elimination half life of atracurium after administration via the jugular vein was c. 20 min. Similar results were obtained if the drug was given via the hepatic portal vein or in animals with bilateral renal ligation. These studies indicate that atracurium is rapidly inactivated in vivo and that neither the liver nor the kidneys play a major role in its metabolism or elimination, in accord with the premise on which the drug molecule was designed. PMID- 7113257 TI - Urinary metabolite profile of tiaramide in man and in some animal species. AB - 1. The metabolism of tiaramide, 4-[(5-chloro-2-oxo-3(2H)-benzothiazolyl)acetyl]-1 piperazineethanol, was studied in healthy male volunteers and experimental animals. 2. Tiaramide was extensively metabolized in human with only 1.5% excreted unchanged. 3. Urinary metabolites were identified by FD, CI and EI mass spectral comparison with authentic standards. The major urinary metabolites in human were 4-[(5-chloro-2-oxo-3(2H)-benzothiazolyl)acetyl]-1-piperazineacetic acid (TRAA), 4-[(5-chloro-2-oxo-3(2H)-benzothiazolyl)acetyl]-1-piperazineacetic acid 1-oxide (TRAO) and the O-glucuronide of tiaramide. 4. TRAO, a new metabolite identified in human urine, was also present in mouse, rat, guinea-pig and monkey, but in smaller amounts than for human. 5. Sex differences in the excretion of sulphate of tiaramide were noted only in the rat. PMID- 7113255 TI - Metabolism of the new antihypertensive agent pinacidil in rat, dog and man. AB - 1. The antihypertensive agent pinacidil is eliminated from the body mainly by biotransformation in the liver, followed principally by renal excretion of the metabolites. 2. The metabolism and elimination of pinacidil is similar in rat, dog and man, and is independent of the route of administration. 3. After an oral dose, the 24 h urinary excretion of unchanged pinacidil is 13, 4, and 5% in rat, dog and man, respectively. Faecal excretion in the rat and dog is 2 and 4%. 4. In rat, dog and man the main biotransformation product is the pyridine-N-oxide of pinacidil. Following oral administration of pinacidil, 40, 54 and 54%, respectively, is excreted in the urine as the N-oxide during the first 24 h, and less than 1% in the faeces in rat and dog. 5. Three unidentified minor metabolites were found in plasma, urine and faeces in rat and dog. 6. The major metabolite, the pyridine-N-oxide of pinacidil, has an anti-hypertensive potency about a quarter of that of pinacidil. In animals and human volunteers with normal kidney function, however, the plasma concn. of the N-oxide are always lower than those of the parent compound, so that the metabolite contributes little to the antihypertensive effect of pinacidil. PMID- 7113258 TI - Metabolism of tiaramide in vitro. I. Oxidative metabolism of tiaramide by human and rat liver microsomes. AB - 1. N-Dealkylation and N-oxidation of tiaramide and of its major metabolite, TRAA, by human and rat liver microsomes were investigated. 2. With human liver microsomes, N-oxidation of tiaramide was 1.5-8.0 times faster than N dealkylation. N-Oxidation of the metabolite, TRAA, by human liver microsomes was much slower than that of tiaramide. The high recovery of tertiary amine N-oxides in human urine after tiaramide dosing reflects the high activity of N-oxidation of tiaramide by human liver microsomes. 3. Phenobarbital treatment of rats caused an increase in the liver microsomal N-dealkylation of tiaramide in vitro, but had little effect on N-oxidation. 3-Methylcholanthrene treatment of rats caused decrease of both reactions. 4. Metyrapone added to rat liver microsomes inhibited N-dealkylation more strongly than N-oxidation. Tetrahydrofuran and 7,8 benzoflavone inhibited N-dealkylation but had little effect on N-oxidation. Addition to the microsomal incubations of antisera against NADPH-cytochrome c reductase caused marked inhibition of N-dealkylation and slight inhibition of N oxidation. PMID- 7113259 TI - Distribution and excretion of methamphetamine and its metabolites in rats. I. Time-course of concentrations in blood and bile after oral administration. AB - 1. Concentration time-courses of methamphetamine and its metabolites in the blood after oral administration of [3H]methamphetamine to rats showed two distinct peaks at 2.5 and 8 h after dosing. The major metabolite present in the blood at all times was unconjugated p-hydroxymethamphetamine. 2. Biliary excretion of radioactivity after oral administration of [3H]methamphetamine to rats was about 30% dose in 24h. The major metabolite in the bile was p-hydroxymethamphetamine glucuronide. 3. Blood and bile were collected simultaneously from a rat fitted with a T-tube cannula in the common bile duct, and time-courses of blood and bile concn. of the drug and metabolites were investigated. The observation of two peaks in both blood and bile indicates enterohepatic circulation of the drug and metabolites. PMID- 7113260 TI - The excretion of metabolites of the D-glucuronic acid pathway in human urine. Effect of phenobarbitone administration. AB - 1. The urinary excretion of four metabolites of the D-glucuronic acid pathway, namely D-glucaric acid, free (unconjugated) D-glucuronic acid, L-gulonic acid and xylitol, has been studied in normal male volunteers and in male and female epileptic patients receiving phenobarbitone anticonvulsant therapy. 2. In normal male subjects the urinary excretion of the D-glucuronic acid metabolites, expressed per unit of creatinine, was similar in first void and total (24 h) urine samples and was fairly constant over a period of 4 weeks. 3. In male and female epileptic patients phenobarbitone treatment enhanced the urinary excretion of D-glucaric acid and xylitol and the combined excretion of D-glucaric acid, l gulonic acid and xylitol. 4. It is suggested that the measurement of a spectrum of urinary D-glucuronic acid metabolites may provide a more reliable index for assessment of the induction of hepatic xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme activities in man than the determination of urinary D-glucaric acid alone. PMID- 7113261 TI - The metabolism of 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-one (raspberry ketone) in rats, guinea-pigs and rabbits. AB - 1. The metabolism of 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-one(raspberry ketone) was studied in rats, guinea-pigs and rabbits. 2. Following intragastric dosage (1 mmol/kg) urinary metabolite excretion was nearly complete within 24 h, amounting to roughly 90% of the dose in all species. 3. The most prominent urinary metabolites were raspberry ketone and its corresponding carbinol, both largely conjugated with glucuronic acid and/or sulphate. The extent of ketone reduction was greatest in rabbits. 4. Oxidative metabolism included ring hydroxylation and side-chain oxidation. The latter pathway led to 1,2- and 2,3-diol derivatives. It is proposed that the latter undergo cleavage to furnish the C6-C3 and C6-C2 derivatives detected. PMID- 7113262 TI - The disposition of [14C]acrylonitrile in rats. AB - 1. The disposition of [1,2-14C]acrylonitrile and acrylo[14C]nitrile has been studied following intraperitoneal and oral administration to rats. 2. Most of the 14C found in the tissues was associated with erythrocytes, liver and kidneys. Loss of 14C from liver and kidneys occurred fairly rapidly, but the 14C in the erythrocytes was still mostly retained 48 h after administration. Significant differences in the rates of 14C loss from tissues occurred with [1,2 14C]acrylonitrile and acrylo[14C]nitrile given orally. 3. The 14C from both labelled forms of acrylonitrile was excreted mostly in the urine (82-93% dose) with a smaller amount exhaled unchanged in the breath (3-7% dose) in 24 h. PMID- 7113263 TI - Biochemical changes in hepatic microsomes of guinea-pig under lantana toxicity. AB - 1. Lantana intoxication of guinea-pig caused a decrease in hepatic microsomal protein content, the phospholipid: protein ratio, and the cholesterol: protein ratio. 2. Activities of aniline hydroxylase, aminopyrine N-demethylase, NADH cytochrome c reductase, NADH-ferricyanide reductase, UDP-glucuronosyl transferase, cytochrome P-450 and glucose 6-phosphatase were decreased. 3. Activities of Mg2+ -ATPase and Na+ -K+ -ATPase were increased. However, activities of 5-nucleotides and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase were unaffected. 4. The liver endoplasmic reticulum is an important target organelle during lantana poisoning of guinea-pigs. PMID- 7113265 TI - Anthracyclic products from Streptomyces erythromogenes nov. sp. Biotransformation of daunomycin (Dn) by an acellular preparation and synergism between Dn and some known antibiotics. AB - The filtrate broth as well as mycelium of the new strain Streptomyces erythrochromogenes nov. sp. isolated from Saudi Arabian soil, produce the antitumor antibiotic daunomycin 1 and two anthracyclic derivatives: 7-deoxy 13 dihydrodaunomycinone 2 and 7-deoxy daunomycinone 4. The biotransformation of 1 to 2 and 4 by an acellular enzyme preparation from the strain was found to be NADPH and/or NADH dependent. Mixtures of daunomycin 1 with chloramphenicol or penicillin showed superior antimicrobial activities against Bacillus subtilis ICC strain, than the individual antibiotics. PMID- 7113264 TI - Splenic abscess caused by Propionibacterium acnes. AB - A 59-year-old male diabetic was admitted with an acute myocardial infarction and had recurrent. Propionibacterium acnes bacteremia. Fifteen months after the initial admission a splenectomy was required for removal of a large splenic abscess caused by P. acnes. Although this organism represents part of the normal skin flora, its presence of blood cultures requires serious evaluation since it may signify clinical disease, not merely contamination of blood cultures by skin flora. PMID- 7113268 TI - [Ambulatory treatment of lower leg fractures in children]. PMID- 7113266 TI - [The importance and possibilities of developing physical endurance in health training for the prevention of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases]. PMID- 7113267 TI - [Differential treatment of acute peripheral arterial embolism with special reference to local lytic therapy]. PMID- 7113269 TI - [Condylomata acuminata gigantea in pregnancy--treatment of a clinical case]. PMID- 7113270 TI - [Nutrition and substitution therapy in mucoviscidosis]. PMID- 7113273 TI - [Methods of organizing scientific drug therapy by the Karl Marx Stadt District Therapy Commission]. PMID- 7113271 TI - [Conservative reposition of hip luxation with overhead extension]. PMID- 7113272 TI - [Development of the number of disabled under East German State Health Insurance]. PMID- 7113274 TI - [Hot air sterilization of wet sterilizable instruments]. PMID- 7113275 TI - [Advantages and risks of roentgen examinations of the thorax and spine]. PMID- 7113277 TI - [Cerebrovascular insufficiency]. PMID- 7113276 TI - [Clinico-chemical diagnosis of genetically based metabolic disorders of glycosaminoglycan metabolism using a combination of thin layer chromatography and column chromatography analysis of amino sugars]. PMID- 7113278 TI - [Diagnosis of simulated anosmia]. PMID- 7113279 TI - [Recommendations on the evaluation and interpretation of electrocardiograms of adolescents and adults. Brief programmed course. 5. Partial program II: Morphology, time variables and amplitude variables (2)]. PMID- 7113280 TI - [Effect of cement dust on periodontal conditions]. PMID- 7113281 TI - [Tasks and responsibilities of the youth health protection service in job counseling of adolescents]. PMID- 7113283 TI - [Current status of operative andrology]. PMID- 7113282 TI - [Avulsion fractures - upper extremity]. PMID- 7113284 TI - [Significance of selected clinical and paraclinical findings in the diagnosis of hypernephroid carcinomas]. PMID- 7113285 TI - [Possibilities and results of ambulatory operative treatment in gynecology]. PMID- 7113286 TI - [Patients of an alcoholics ward in a psychiatric hospital - analysis of a year's stay]. PMID- 7113287 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of intermittent psychoneural visual disorders in personnel with high demands on visual performance]. PMID- 7113288 TI - [Recommendations for the evaluation and interpretation of electrocardiograms of adolescents and adults. Brief programmed course. 6. Partial program II: Morphology, time variables and amplitude variables (3) demonstration of selected electrocardiograms]. PMID- 7113289 TI - [Children with behavioral disorders in pediatric practice]. PMID- 7113290 TI - [Perforation of a malignant lymphoma of the stomach]. PMID- 7113292 TI - [Diagnostic significant of manganese concentration in blood serum. Current state of knowledge]. PMID- 7113293 TI - [Dissolution of sugar from sugar-containing foods in the oral cavity]. PMID- 7113291 TI - [Studies of periodontal-damaging noxae in glass workers]. PMID- 7113295 TI - [Interaction analyses of depressive and non-depressive patients and their social partners]. PMID- 7113294 TI - [Potassium and sodium content of hospital general diets--comparison of calculated and analytical values]. AB - Our knowledge on the composition of general hospital diets still relates virtually exclusively to calculated values derived from food tables. To find out how relevant these are for the estimation of potassium and sodium contents of the general diet data were chemically analysed and compared to table values. The chemical analysis of daily general diet portions resulted in a mean value of 1.86 g potassium/day in contrast to the calculated mean value of 2.72 g/day. As far as the sodium contents of the general diets are concerned, the picture was reversed (calculated: 3.16 g/day, analysed: 5.20 g/day). These results suggest that only chemical analysis of hospital diets guarantees an adequate supply of potassium and sodium. PMID- 7113296 TI - [Biofeedback as an intervention procedure in chronic headache]. PMID- 7113297 TI - [The processing of visual social information in social anxiety]. PMID- 7113298 TI - [Rhythm and musical perception. The affective impression of unanimous rhythmic structures of different complexities]. PMID- 7113299 TI - [Muscle tension and pain perception of persons with and without tension headaches in experimental aversive stimulation]. PMID- 7113300 TI - [The semantic encoding of pictures]. PMID- 7113301 TI - [Human biometeorology for the solution of current problems in medicine--some central points]. PMID- 7113303 TI - [Inhalation uptake of carbon disulfide]. PMID- 7113302 TI - [Dosimeter for the determination of hydrogen sulfide exposure]. PMID- 7113304 TI - [The use of strongly polar separation phases for the gas chromatographic analysis of solvent vapors in the control of MAK values]. PMID- 7113306 TI - [Monoamine oxidase activity of the blood serum of employees of a cadmium plant]. PMID- 7113305 TI - [Formaldehyde concentration in the room air of medical institutions using formaldehyde-containing disinfectants]. PMID- 7113307 TI - [Prognostic assessment of microbial self-cleaning of ground water from the public health viewpoint]. PMID- 7113308 TI - [Thin-layer chromatographic analysis of toxaphene in model solutions and surface waters of the Halle region]. PMID- 7113309 TI - [Effect of air pollution on children's collectives of the CSSR]. PMID- 7113310 TI - [Glucagon secretion in hyperlipoproteinemia and adiposity]. AB - Summarizing the examinations demonstrate a normal A-cell-sensitiveness to glucose in patients with hyperlipoproteinaemia and normal glucose tolerance. Disturbances of the secretion of pancreatic glucagon are to be proved only in a common presence of a hyperlipoproteinaemia and diabetes mellitus and thus is rather characteristic for diabetes than for hyperlipoproteinaemia. From the bihormonal point of view (relation insulin-glucagon secretion) adipose persons with normal glucose tolerance after stimulation by glucose or amino acids are characterized by an anabolic state, which theoretically means an increase and/or persistence of the fat depot. PMID- 7113311 TI - [Humoral immune defects in adults]. AB - The importance of humoral immune defects and of the antibody deficiency syndrome, respectively, at adult age was examined on 69 patients. As immunological methods the estimation of the immunoglobulins G, A, M, D with Mancini's technique, of IgA antibodies with Ouchterlony's technique, of T-lymphocytes with the sheep erythrocyte rosette test, of B-lymphocytes with direct immunofluorescence and mouse erythrocyte rosette test were used. The enzyme adenosine deaminase was determined in the plasma, the erythrocytes and the lymphocytes. 31 patients with primary antibody deficiency syndrome, of them 22 patients with selective IgA deficiency could be diagnosed. 38 patients with secondary antibody deficiency syndrome came from groups of patients with lymphoproliferative diseases (non Hodgkin-lymphoma and plasmocytoma), chronic dialysis and other haematological diseases. In 80% of the patients clinical symptoms of an immune defect could be proved. Chronically relapsing infections of the respiratory tract are in the first place. Familial accumulation, allergic reactions, antibodies against IgA, statistically significant accumulation of gastric and duodenal ulcers set off the anyway large group of patients with selective IgA-deficiency. An antibody deficiency syndrome with IgA-deficiency could be proved in 5 of 16 patients undergoing the dialysis programme, but clinically it is perhaps insignificant. Disturbances of the cell-mediated immune reaction occurred in a child with teleangiectatic ataxia and lymphoproliferative diseases. A deficiency of adenosine deaminase, which is of importance in combined immune defects syndrome at adult age, but it is to be proved in the plasmocytoma and the non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The necessity of the knowledge of forms of the antibody deficiency syndrome at adult age results from the increasingly immunosuppressively acting therapeutic measures, correct and well-timed diagnosing as well as the necessity of aimed consultation of the physician in institutions specialised in immunology. PMID- 7113314 TI - [Ambulatory long-term pH-monitoring of the esophagus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7113315 TI - [KCl-tumor extracts in the electrophoretic mobility test [EMT]. - Clinical relevance to diagnosis of gastric cancer (author's transl)]. AB - Using KCl-tumor extracts from various human carcinomas we tried to improve the reliability of the electrophoretic mobility test (EMT). 25 of 26 patients with histologically proven gastric cancer showed a correct positive reaction if tested with gastric cancer tumor extracts. 44 of 50 healthy controls showed negative test results when tested with the same tumor extracts. Migration inhibition in the tumor patients differed significantly from that of the healthy controls (p less than or equal to 0,05). Specificity was verified by testing gastric cancer patients with extracts from tumors of the same organ as well as different carcinomas: the most pronounced migration inhibition was observed, when gastric carcinoma extracts were used. Tumor extracts of different histogenesis showed weaker or negative reactions. Inflammatory lesions reduce the reliability of the test system: of 17 patients with ulcers or erosive gastritis 9 had false positive reactions. PMID- 7113313 TI - [Central venous long-term catheter in the treatment of acute leukemia: implantation of a modified Hickman technic]. AB - Central venous catheters are an essential prerequisite for the supportive ascertainment of highly aggressive cytoreductive therapy programmes in patients with acute leukaemia. From the indications (parenteral nutrition, transfusions, blood taking a. o.) and the particular conditions of the patient with acute leukaemia (granulo- and thrombocytopenia) results the superiority of a subcutaneously tunnelled central venous catheter with a particular occlusion of the place of entry into the skin in contrast to usual techniques. PMID- 7113312 TI - [Comparative crossover double-blind study of profenid and indomethacin patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. AB - 38 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis, randomly divided into two groups, underwent a three weeks treatment with profenid (3 capsules + 1 suppositorium) alternatively with indomethacin (3 capsules + 1 suppositorium), which head lasted six weeks in case of each patient. The study was double-blind using a crossover technique. The results show that the efficacy of the applied doses of profenid is similar to that of indomethacin. Profenid is superior to indomethacin with regard to drug tolerance. PMID- 7113316 TI - [The risk of virus transmission and morbidity in sexual partners of HBeAg positive patients with chronic liver disease (author's transl)]. AB - Sexual partners of 50 HBeAg positive patients suffering from chronic HBV-induced hepatitis were investigated for signs of HBV-transmission or morbidity. 80% of the partners have been infected. 90% of these developed immunity against HBV; 10% acquired an acute or chronic hepatitis B. We were unable to establish any predominant criteria favoring the infection. Sexual activity, in particular, in our opinion is not of paramount significance. PMID- 7113317 TI - [One-hour-treatment of psoriasis with anthralin and UV-light (author's transl)]. AB - A total of 66 patients with psoriasis was treated with one percent anthralin for one hour (one-hour-treatment) and UV-light. 17 out of 26 out-patients treated with anthralin and UVB showed a good response. In 40 in-patients the one hour regimen was administered in combination with UVA or UVB, in part in right-left side comparison in order to evaluate whether anthralin with UV-light is more effective than anthralin alone. Within six weeks remission was obtained with anthralin alone as well as with combined treatment with anthralin and UVA or UVB. In right-left side comparison UV-light had no significant additional effect in this regimen. The one-hour-treatment was effective but did not seem to be superior to the conventional therapy with anthralin in in-patients. However, the one-hour-treatment is advantageous and convenient for out-patients. PMID- 7113318 TI - [Lupus erythematosus discoides or lichen planus (author's transl)]. AB - A patient with well-defined erythematous lesions with some atrophy on the scalp and face and lichen planus papules on the limbs and sacral region is reported. The histopathological features and the deposits of immunoglobulins in the cutaneous lesions confirm the presence of both diseases. The difficulties of the differential diagnosis are due to the interaction between lupus erythematosus chronicus discoides and lichen planus probably occurring in the same patient. PMID- 7113320 TI - [Unusual metastases in a patient with nodular Melanoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7113319 TI - [Large cell acanthoma (author's transl)]. AB - The large cell acanthoma of Pinkus (1970) is a variety of actinic keratosis. It is characterized by extraordinary large cells with polyploidy. Out of 1027 actinic keratoses and 3241 seborrhoic keratoses, 4 cases of LCA could be found at the Department of Dermatology of the University of Cologne. PMID- 7113321 TI - [What conclusions can be made on the recurrence frequency of condylomata acuminata after podophyllin treatment?]. PMID- 7113322 TI - [Naeviform porokeratosis - only a morphologic variant of porokeratosis of Mibelli (author's transl)]. AB - Linear unilateral porokeratosis has been regarded as a distinct variant of porokeratosis of Mibelli, because of linear arrangement of the lesions, lacking inheritance and the beginning in early childhood. A 39 year old woman with porokeratosis of Mibelli in naeviform distribution is described. It is shown, that naeviform porokeratosis has to be considered only as a morphologic variant of Porokeratosis of Mibelli. PMID- 7113323 TI - [Dacarbazine in malignant melanoma. Rare, severe side-effect: Budd-Chiari syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - Dacarbazine (DTIC) alone or in combination with other cytostatic drugs may lead to severe liver disease with acute thrombosis of intrahepatic veins and parenchymal cell necrosis. 6 such cases were described in the literature, an additional case is described here, all with fatal outcome. 6 of these 7 patients had malignant melanoma. The disease has been partly designed as Budd-Chiari Syndrome (BCS), partly as veno-occlusive disease (VOD).-The pathoanatomical findings and the appearance of the clinical symptoms exclusively during the 2nd injections series suggest a Budd-Chiari-Syndrome, in terms of an allergic hyperergic reaction of the liver as target organ. For future administration of Dacarbazine in malignant melanoma (a) patients with pre-existent liver disease should be excluded from DTIC-treatment, (b) the prodromi and cardinal symptoms should be carefully registered and (c) high dosage corticosteroid therapy with fibrinolytic measures should be immediately administered. PMID- 7113324 TI - [Specificity and sensitivity of immunological diagnosis of congenital neonatal syphilis by the 19S(IgM)-FTA-ABS test (author's transl)]. AB - Reports on the significance in the demonstration of IgM class antibodies in congenital syphilis are contradictory. The reason for discrepant observations are of technical or biological source. In order to explain the several uncertainties, serum samples from 1031 newborns and infants of syphilitic mothers were investigated quantitatively with the IgM-FTA-ABS, the 19S (IgM)-FTA-ABS and cardiolipin CF test. If serum specimens of the mothers were available they were investigated in the same tests for treponema-specific 19S(IgM) class and antilipoidal antibodies. In the evaluation of the results, the history of infection and treatment of the mothers as well as clinical observations in the infants were considered. In 26 children a congenital acquired syphilis was strongly indicated by demonstration of treponema-specific 19S(IgM) class antibodies by the 19S(IgM)-FTA-ABS-Test and tae good agreement with the history of untreated mothers. In another 1005 infants a congenital infection by T. pallidum could be excluded by the non-reactive 19S(IgM)-FTA-ABS as well as clinical observations. Furthermore, immunological findings of three children who had acquired syphilis after birth are demonstrated before and after specific treatment. It could be shown that the 19S(IgM)-FTA-ABS is much more infaillable than the IgM-FTA-ABS as far as technical and biological uncertainties are concerned. Considering all possible errors and the results of re-investigations of IgM non-reactive infants of syphilitic mothers (up to one year after birth) it is demonstrated that congenital syphilis can be differentiated from passively transmitted 7S(IgG) class antibodies (of the mother) or 19S(IgM) class anti antibodies (of the child) with a significance of about 99%. It is finally concluded that serological diagnosis of congenital syphilis should be started in the pregnant women. By making the diagnosis in pregnancy followed by adequate treatment, irreversible damages as well as so-called serological scars can be avoided in the children. PMID- 7113325 TI - [Relation between coronary obstructions, left ventricular wall motion and regional myocardial blood flow in single-vessel coronary artery disease (author's transl)]. AB - Regional myocardial blood flow was studied at rest in 72 patients with a typical history of angina pectoris and/or myocardial infarction using the 133Xenon clearance technique. 62 patients had isolated greater than 50% obstructions of the left anterior descending or of the left circumflex branch, 10 patients had segmental asynergy yet no or only minimal (less than 35%) coronary obstructions. In each patient, flow of the poststenotic (asynergic) LV wall area was related to flow of the normal area (= 100%). Coronary obstructions were measured in multiple projections using a vernier, and segmental wall motion was quantitated by systolic halfaxial shortening. RESULTS: A progressive decrease of poststenotic flow was found with increasing severity of coronary obstructions: in relation to the respective normal areas, poststenotic flow was reduced to 84% distal to 50 75% obstructions (p less than 0.01), to 75% distal to 76-90% obstructions (p less than 0.0005), and to 67% distal to less than 90% obstructions (p less than 0.0005). However, analysis of poststenotic LV wall motion suggested that flow was correlated more closely to poststenotic wall motion: in hypokinetic areas, flow was reduced to 75% (p less than 0.0005), and in akinetic areas to 55% (p less than 0.0005) whereas in poststenotic areas with normal wall motion resting flow was normal regardless of the severity of coronary obstructions. Furthermore, the reduction of flow in asynergic areas of patients without coronary obstructions was comparable to flow in asynergic areas supplied by severely stenosed vessels. Thus in chronic coronary heart disease, regional myocardial blood flow correlates not only to the severity of coronary obstructions but also to segmental left ventricular wall motion. PMID- 7113327 TI - [Clinical follow-up of patients after valve replacement with Omniscience cardiac valves: can this valve be recommended? (author's transl)]. AB - Clinical evaluation of 9 patients, after valve replacement with Omniscience cardiac valves (5 with aortic, 4 with mitral valve replacement) showed opening angles significantly lesser than the theoretical in-vitro valve of 80 degrees opening angles were essential by cineangiography. In 3 of 4 patients with mitral valve replacement, reoperation became necessary due to prosthetic valve dysfunction. Thus the implantation of Omniscience cardiac valves cannot be recommended. PMID- 7113326 TI - [Heart rate reduction in atrial fibrillation with a rapid ventricular response by Gallopamil, a Ca-antagonist (author's transl)]. AB - 20 patients with atrial fibrillation and rapid ventricular response were treated with the new calcium-antagonist Gallopamil. The effects on heart rate were evaluated by Holter-monitoring. A significant decrease of heart rate with a duration of 10 hours was found in 10 patients after acute oral administration of 100 mg Gallopamil. In 5 patients a regularization of the ventricular response was observed, suggesting an AV junctional escape rhythm during AV nodal block. However, no relevant bradycardia was seen. The maximal decrease of heart rate was seen 2 to 4 hours after application. Oral administration of 3 times 50 mg Gallopamil daily decreased heart rate after a treatment period of 1 week to about 79% of its control values. This effect started 1 hour after application of the first dose in the morning and it lasted for 7 hours after the evening dose. PMID- 7113328 TI - [Valve replacement for mitral in incompetence in a patient with osteogenesis imperfecta (author's transl)]. AB - Reports on aortic and mitral valve alterations in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta, a congenital connective tissue disorder, are sparse in the literature. Aortic valve incompetence is more common than mitral valve dysfunction. Though the clinico-pathological and histological features of valve alterations are very similar to those seen in Marfan's Syndrome, valve dysfunctions in osteogenesis imperfecta are rarer than in Marfan's Syndrome. In a 23-year-old patient with typical clinical feature of osteogenesis imperfecta, mitral incompetence was detected by echo- and angiography. Patient was provided with a St.-Jude-Medica prosthesis and postoperative course was without any complications. PMID- 7113329 TI - [Comparison of 2-d-echocardiographic and hemodynamic findings in patients with atrial and ventricular septal defects (author's transl)]. AB - 57 patients (age 2 to 79 years) with atrial septal defect and 28 patients (age 1 month to 60 years) with ventricular septal defect were examined to find out whether the 2-d-echo allows to predict the shunt flow and the hemodynamic parameters of the pulmonary system. In 96% of the patients with asd, the defect could be demonstrated in the subcostal view. In 68% of the patients with vsd, the defect was shown in the long axis or the subcostal view. There was a low correlation between the size of the defect and the quotient of pulmonary to systemic flow (for asd: r = 0.73; for vsd: r = 0.62). Also, the quotient of pulmonary to systemic flow related rather poorly to the quotient of pulmonary artery diameter to aortic diameter as determined in th short axis (for asdii: r = 0.75; for vsd: r = 0.73). Nor relation could be found between echocardiographic parameters and pulmonary artery pressure with one exception: if contrast echocardiography revealed a right-to-left shunt in patients with vsd, the pulmonary pressure exceeded the systemic pressure by 50%. The results show that in patients with asd or vsd the hemodynamic situation cannot be exactly judged from echocardiographic findings alone. The consideration of several echocardiographic parameters, however, seems to allow a distinction between hemodynamically relevant and irrelevant defects, which might be helpful for clinical purposes. For patients with asd, a shunt volume of minor importance (Qp:Qs less than 1.5:1) is found if the defect does not exceed 35% of the atrial septum length and if the quotient of pulmonary to aortic diameter is less than 1. In patients with vsd, the demonstration of the defect itself and a quotient of pulmonary to aortic diameter larger than 1 means that a shunt volume with Qp:Qs greater than 1.5:1 can be expected. Unsatisfactory results concerning the pulmonary pressure are obtained even when applying the contrast-echocardiography. PMID- 7113330 TI - Effect of hypertonic 40% glucose on the metabolic changes and the outcome of hemorrhagic shock. PMID- 7113331 TI - [Prognosis from the clinical viewpoint]. PMID- 7113332 TI - [Significance of the representation of laboratory findings in intensive medicine]. PMID- 7113333 TI - [Hemostatic disorders in shock]. PMID- 7113334 TI - [Monitoring concepts and biochemical parameters]. PMID- 7113336 TI - The cytochemical study of rat sympathetic nerve cell chromatin in early postnatal ontogenesis. PMID- 7113335 TI - The brain damage in endotoxin shock (some pathobiochemical and functional aspects). PMID- 7113339 TI - Cat trigeminal ganglion. Neuron types. An experimental study. PMID- 7113340 TI - Ultrastructure investigations into the impulse-generating centre in the heart of the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis). PMID- 7113338 TI - The zone of mature spermatozoa in the testis of Salamandra salamandra (L.) (Amphibia, Urodela). AB - The zone of mature spermatozoa in the testis of the european fire salamander, Salamandra salamandra, consists of numerous lobules embedded in a vascularized connective tissue. Most of the lobule boundary cells show features of SH secreting cells (an increased amount of smooth ER, globular mitochondria with tubular cristae), whereas other retain a fibrocytic appearance. The mature spermatozoa within the lobules seem to be at least partly phagocytized and digested by the often highly vacuolized Sertoli cells. Lobules open into efferent ductules lined by a monolayered epithelium, whose cells are highly interdigitated. The capillaries of the interlobular connective tissue possess enlarged luminal and basal surfaces. PMID- 7113341 TI - Histochemical study of the myenteric plexus following gastric resection on dogs. AB - Enzyme histochemical methods were used to follow up to changes within the myenteric plexus from 1 week to 7 months following subtotal Billroth I gastric resection in dogs. Different regions of the resected stomach were examined. The changes affected the neurons and the neuropil of the myenteric ganglia, the connecting strands and the nerve bundles and fibers within the muscle layers. The changes in size, from and enzyme activity of some myenteric neurons correspond to those observed during axon regeneration. The 2nd week showed a significant reduction of the nerve cell number in most of the examined regions of the resected stomach. Along with, the amitotic forms of cell division and immature nerve cells became more numerous. The enzyme activity of the latter increased with the time elapsed after resection, 7 months afterwards, the size of the myenteric ganglia in the resected stomach did not differ from those in the control dogs. There were some hypertrophic nerve cells with higher enzyme activity. Some changes presume the formation of new intramural ganglia. The changes in the myenteric neurons were accompanied by reactive changes in the non neuronal elements. Hyperinnervation was observed in the gastric muscles. PMID- 7113337 TI - A contribution to the study of the lymphoid-follicle associated epithelial cells. AB - The esterase activity in the bursa of Fabricius in 10-day-old chicks is examined by means of serial sections obtained by cutting along the major axis of the lymphoid follicles. The positivity for this enzymatic reaction is not only confirmed to the FAE (follicle associated epithelial) cells of the epithelial frame-work and to isolated cells belonging to the medullary part of the follicle, but it extends in a club-shaped morphological continuity from the FAE cells towards the centre of the follicle. A similar image with a high affinity for acid stainings was also found by means of the H und E technique in suitably orientated sections. Morphological continuity between the FAE cells and the centre-medullary part leads us to suppose the FAE cells and the cells of the centre-medullary part may have a common origin. In the present work, we consider the possibility of FAE cells being of mesenchymatic origin because, besides the fact that they are in continuity with the centre-medullary cells, they appear after CFU (Colony Forming Units) migration, they have no basal lamina, they have certain features which are present in mesenchymatic cells belonging to the histiocytic line, like high esterase activity and micropinocytotic capability and, finally, they are sensitive to carrageenan and silica, which is a peculiarity of macrophages. PMID- 7113342 TI - Comparative ultrastructural study of the neuro-intermediary lobe in fresh-water teleosts under natural conditions. AB - A comparative study of the hypophyseal neuro-intermediary lobe (NIL)j is 8 species of fresh-water teleosts (Cyprinidae) was performed by means of light and electron microscopy. NIL is well developed in all species and consists of two types of glandular cells, three types of peptidergic nerve fibres, pituitary cells and blood cappillaries. Type A glandular cells (lead-haematoxylin staining cells) are elongated and small (8...12 micrometer/ 3...6 micrometer). They contain a large number of secretory granules with an average diameter of 160 nm. Type B cells (PAS-positive) are larger (13...16 micrometer/ 7...9 micrometer), constituting the NIL major substance. They present two variants: cells with a clear cytoplasm (light cells) and cells with a dark cytoplasm (dark cells). All the B-type cells include numerous vesicles (300...350 nm in diameter) with a slight electrondens content. In some of them a small number of intense electrondens secretory granules also appear. Type I peptidergic nerve fibres (PNF) are the most frequent; they contain numerous granules with an average diameter of 170 nm. Type II PNF are less frequent and contain granules with an average diameter of 170 nm. Type II PNF are less frequent and contain granules with an average diameter of 220 nm. The least frequent are type III PNF. Their secretory granules have an average diameter of 200 nm. The fenestrated aspect of the endothelial wall of the capillaries and the local discontinuities of the perivascular space indicate the existence of an especially tight neuro-cascular relation. The cytological "picture" of NIL is very similar in all species and characteristic for the period of the autumnal sexual repose of these animals. PMID- 7113343 TI - Studies of development of hypothalamic nuclei and hypothalamo-hypophyseal connection in ontogenesis of female rats. AB - The development of neurocytes of arcuate (ABC) and suprachiasmatic (SC) and the median eminence (ME) together with portal capillaries during embryogenesis and post-natal periods in female Wistar rats were studied at light and electron microscope level. Neurocytes of ARC nucleus producing secretory granules was observed first at 20 day of embryogenesis. After birth the number of such neurocytes producing secretory granules was greatly increased. In SC nucleus the neurocytes begin producing secretory granules in 5...7 day old animals. The results of the karyometric study also reveal that the development of ARC nucleus neurocyte proceeds the SC nucleus. This asynchronous development of tonic (ARC nucleus) and cyclic centre (SC nucleus) probably determines the critical period of sexual programming in female rats. Development of ME including the differentiation of portal capillaries is structurally completed during 3-4 weeks after birth. The significance of these findings in relation to the role of ARC and SC nuclei in sexual cycle regulation in female rats has been pointed out and discussed. PMID- 7113344 TI - Gastric mucosa after selective proximal vagotomy at stomach and duodenal ulcers. AB - Biopsies obtained from gastric fundus of 25 patients suffering from gastric and duodenal ulcers, before and after (from 3 months to 2 years) selective proximal vagotomy with pyloroplastics were studied. The general morphologic, electron microscopic, histochemical and cytochemical methods revealed that selective proximal vagotomy caused nonspecific hemodynamic alterations in gastric mucosa, these alterations being observed during 3 postoperative months. In the following period the general morphology of gastric mucosa was predominantly identical to that in preoperative periods. Quantitative and functional activity of parietal and peptic cells were reduced both in the early and later periods of investigation, that being confirmed by lowering of acid and enzymes output after vagotomy. The mucous-producing function of gastric mucosa was unchanged. PMID- 7113345 TI - Development of the olfactory epithelium in man. AB - The development of the olfactory epithelium in 7-, 8-, 9-, 10- and 11-week-old human fetuses was studied by electron microscopy. The differentiation of the receptor and supporting cells, and formation of the Bowman glands and the olfactory nerve were observed. In 7-week-old fetuses develop the peripheral processes with the olfactory knobs lacking hairs, as well as the central processes with the growth cones. The olfactory knob with hairs was first found in 9-week-old fetuses, their number progressively increasing starting from the 10th week. The completely differentiated olfactory cells were found by the 11th week. They are suggested to be capable to carry out the olfactory function. PMID- 7113346 TI - Proton NMR-relaxation dispersion in meconium solutions and healthy amniotic fluid: possible applications to medical diagnosis. AB - In order to show that for a possible application in medical diagnosis NMR relaxation experiments at low Larmor frequencies (v0 less than or equal to 20 kHz) are more sensitive than the up to now done high field measurements in the MHz-range, we present dispersion curves (v0 = 50 Hz to 50 MHz) of the proton longitudinal relaxation time T1 and values of the transversal relaxation time T2 for the example of amniotic fluids. Only for Larmor frequencies below congruent to 100 kHz the relaxation times for healthy amniotic fluid and pathological meconium solutions are significantly different, whereas at high Larmor frequencies, i.e. in the conventional MHz-range, the observed changes are rather small. PMID- 7113347 TI - Monospecific antibody against 5-methyl-cytidine for the structural analysis of nucleic acids. AB - Anti 5-methyl-cytidine antibodies might be useful agents for the detection and localization of 5-methyl-cytidine of nucleic acids, but only if the antibodies recognize this nucleoside with sufficient specificity. A conjugate containing 18 moles of 5-methyl-cytidine per mole of BSA was prepared and antibodies directed against this nucleoside hapten were produced by immunization of rabbits (as determined by gel diffusion in agar containing excessive amounts of the carrier). A slight crossreaction of cytidine-BSA was eliminated by adsorption on the cross reacting antigen. Further purification of the antibodies was effected by chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and a method for the rapid quantitation of the antibodies showed that 12.7% of the IgG protein are monospecific against 5 methyl-cytidine-BSA. Hydrolysis of antibodies with insolubilized papain produced monovalent Fab fragments which were identified by SDS-Disk-electrophoresis. A two stage method for cross linking the immunoproteins to ferritin by glutaraldehyde was used. The isolation of immunoferritin conjugates by Bio-Gel A 1.5 m column chromatography is described. The identification of the effluents was made by glycerin density gradient ultracentrifugation. The results were visualized by electron microscopy after the treatment of immunoferritin conjugates with (methylated and unmethylated) denaturated DNA, fractionation on the glycerine density gradient, and the spreading by a modification of drop technique. PMID- 7113348 TI - [On the oxidative main-chain scission of nucleic acids--pulse radiolysis studies (author's transl)]. AB - Polyriboadenylic acid, polyribocytidylic acid and polyribouridylic acid were irradiated with 16 MeV electrons in aqueous solution. Part of the OH radicals generated during the radiolysis of water reacted with the sugar moieties of the polynucleotides. Subsequently formed peroxyl radicals reacted with each other thus forming oxyl radicals whose's decay led to main-chain scissions with the consequence of a decrease of the light scattering intensity (LSI). In the case of single-stranded polynucleotides, the analysis of the LSI decay curves revealed the occurrence of two processes. The rapid mode was assigned to the intramolecular and the slow mode to the intermolecular reaction of peroxyl radicals. For the rate constant of the rapid process (activation energy: 5 kcal/mol) a pronounced kinetic salt effect was observed. In the case of double stranded polynucleotides (polyA and polyC at pH 4, poly(A+U) at pH 8) the same effects were observed as with native calf thymus DNA in a former study [9]: The LSI decreased only after a critical dose was surpassed. A rapid process was followed by a slow one. The slow process is assigned to the melting of H-bridges located at bases between main-chain scissons in the double helix. The rapid process corresponds to the separation of fragments formed by two single strand breaks laying very close to each other on opposite sites in the double helix. PMID- 7113349 TI - [Binding constants, binding enthalpies and entropies of the non-competitive and the competitive binding of acriflavine, tetramethylacriflavine and acridine orange to DNA (author's transl)]. PMID- 7113351 TI - The sarcoplasmic reticulum of smooth muscle fibers. AB - The ability of the sarcoplasmic (endoplasmic) reticulum (SR, ER) of smooth muscle cells to accumulate Ca was demonstrated by measuring the uptake of 45Ca in fibers which were chemically skinned with saponin, and by electron cytochemistry of the accumulated Ca. The Ca uptake was dependent on ATP and it was stimulated by oxalate, as it is the case in SR of striated muscle. Electron microscopy of the skinned smooth muscle preparations revealed the presence of calcium oxalate deposits in the reticulum. The SR vesicles were isolated from several smooth muscles. The purification was carried out by taking advantage of the density increase of the SR vesicles after loading with calcium in the presence of oxalate. Among the muscles investigated the smooth muscle of the pig stomach was found to be the most suitable and it was selected for further biochemical and morphological characterization of the SR vesicles. These vesicles, which contain calcium oxalate crystals, were able to accumulate an additional amount of Ca. The Ca uptake was supported by several energy yielding substrates. Their order of potency was ATP greater than dATP congruent to UTP greater than ITP greater than GTP congruent to CTP. The rate of Ca uptake was two orders of magnitude slower than that in SR of skeletal muscle. The measurement of the level of phosphorylated Ca transport intermediate showed that this difference is due to smaller number of calcium transport sites per vesicle. The distribution of intramembrane particles in freeze-fractured specimens is in agreement with this conclusion. PMID- 7113350 TI - Possible orientation of the fatty acid chains in lipopolysaccharide. AB - The fatty acid chains of the lipid A component of lipopolysaccharides are hexagonally packed with a lattice periodicity of 4.1 A. The smallest subunit of this lattice consists of a disaccharide to which seven fatty acid chains are linked representing the hydrophobic part. Carbohydrates and substituted phosphate residues linked to them form the hydrophilic part of the molecule. Because of sterical reasons and because of the necessity of a separation of hydrophobic and hydrophilic part, we could derive that the angles of the hydrocarbon chains with the planes of the two sugar residues should be as vertical as possible and the planes of both sugar residues should be approximately coplanar forming an angle of about 180 degrees with one another. Conformation angles for all the theoretically possible linkages of the disacoharide and of the linkages of the fatty acid residues have been calculated. Between the two-N-acylglucosamine residues theoretically beta-1,4, alpha-1,6 or beta-1,6 linkages are possible. The experimentally found beta-1,6 linkage has the largest degrees of freedom for its conformation angles. PMID- 7113353 TI - Coenzyme binding at different ionization states of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase. AB - pH-titrations with NADH show two ionizable groups in mitochondrial and cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase, the first with a pKa in the range 6.8-8.3 for the mitochondrial and 6.4-7.8 for the cytoplasmic enzyme, the second with a lower limit at 10.2 resp. 11. Comparison with bis-(dihydronicotinamide)-dinucleotide and dihydronicotinamide-ribosyl-P2-ribose-pyrophosphate instead of NADH indicates that the second alkaline ionization is caused by a residue placed near the adenine binding site of the active centre of the two isoenzymes. Binding studies with NADH and NAD+ give evidence for the participation of a group in the mitochondrial enzyme with pKa 6.8, deprotonation of which is necessary for detectable association of NAD+. In contrast the fixation of NAD+ to the cytoplasmic enzyme is independent of pH. PMID- 7113352 TI - Ca entry and contraction as studied in isolated bovine ventricular myocytes. AB - Single bovine ventricular myocytes were superfused with Tyrode solution containing 1.8 mM CaCl2. The cells did not bear external load and contracted isotonically. Contraction and relaxation were characterized by the shortening and relengthening of the sarcomeres which resembled in their time course the isometric twitches of bovine papillary muscles. Resemblance was also found in regard to positive inotropic interventions as increase in the stimulation frequency, exposure to elevated [Ca]0 or to adrenaline. A two-microelectrode voltage-clamp technique was applied to the single myocyte. The transmembrane Ca inward current ICa was defined as difference current sensitive to 5 mM Ni or to 2 microM D600. During a voltage step from -45 to +5 mV, ICa peaked within 3 ms to 6 nA, afterwards it decayed to 15% of peak amplitude (incomplete inactivation with a 2 exponential time course). Experiments in Na-free media suggested that Na entry does not significantly contaminate ICa. Therefore, Ca entry could be calculated from ICa. The increment in total intracellular Ca concentration (delta[Ca]Ti) was estimated by referring Ca entry to the cell volume (50 pl). Within 100 ms delta[Ca]Ti came to 25 microM at control conditions, to 55 microM at [Ca]0 = 3.6 mM and to 88 microM when 0.1 microM adrenaline were present. The delta[Ca]Ti values were sufficient to activate contraction without the necessity of Ca-release from SR. Despite the new data, the relationship between Ca entry and activation of contraction was complex: during the "positive Herztreppe" ICa slightly attenuated but contractility doubled. Therefore, the old EC-model (M. Morad and Y. Goldman, Progr. Biophys. Mol. Biol. 27, 257 (1973)) was adapted. The Ca-entry's capability to load and to overload the intracellular Ca store (SR) is discussed. PMID- 7113355 TI - Trematode infections in Pirenella conica in three sites of a mangrove lagoon in Sinai. AB - Over a period of 11 months, eight samples of Pirenella conica were taken at each of three sites of a mangrove lagoon in Sinai. Infection with larval trematodes, especially of Heterophyidae, was highest at the site within the mangrove thicket with a breeding colony of reef herons, the supposed definitive hosts of the Heterophyidae. The lowest frequency of infection was recorded from a tide-pool on the broad sand-flats surrounding the lagoon, where there was a great variation in the abundance of snails and xiphidiocercariae were more common than heterophyid cercariae. Predation from fish or other molluscs did not appear to be an important factor at either of these two sites. In all three sites, double infections of Heterophyidae and trematodes with xiphidiocercariae as well as of Heterophyidae and Echinostomatidae occurred less frequently than theoretically expected, but there was no competitive exclusion between Echinostomatidae and xiphidiocercariae. PMID- 7113354 TI - Cultivation of procyclic trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma congolense in a semi defined medium with direct adaptation from bloodstream forms. AB - Bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma congolense added to the semi-defined medium 109 c (Minimum Essential Medium with Earle's salts, 60 mM HEPES, haemin, and heat inactivated FBS) and incubated at 28 degrees C transformed into procyclic trypomastigotes. Established cultures of the procyclic forms yielded up to 4.5 X 10(7) parasites/ml. The cultivated populations consisted only of trypomastigotes and were not infective for mice. The amino acids consumed to the greatest extent were glutamine, proline, and threonine. Changes in glucose, pyruvate, and lactate concentrations during growth were determined. The procyclic organisms possessed a well-developed mitochondrion. PMID- 7113356 TI - The development of the host-response in juvenile Lymnaea palustris to invasion by Fasciola hepatica. AB - Laboratory studies indicate that miracidia of Fasciola hepatica can penetrate several species of lymnaeids in Europe, other than the natural host lymnaea truncatula. However, the production of cercariae from infections in abnormal hosts is unlimited to a small percentage of juvenile snails infected before a species-specific age. Juvenile Lymnaea palustris, of known ages, were exposed individually to F. hepatica miracidia and killed at 24 h intervals up to 14 days post exposure, and then processed for histological examination to ascertain reasons for the failure of F. hepatica infections to develop successfully in this abnormal host. The results indicate that the course of infection is rapidly halted by a cellular encapsulation response against the sporocyst. The response may be divided into two stages: first, the development of a cellular capsule and the concomitant degeneration of the sporocyst; second, the removal of the remains of the parasite and dispersal of the capsule. The efficiency of the response appears to increase with increasing age of the snail; statistical manipulation of the data obtained from histological investigations suggest that the defence mechanisms develop quickly in the first 6 days post hatching with little subsequent development during the experimental period. However, as sporocysts were encapsulated and killed regardless of age of the snail at exposure to infection, it is unlikely that in the host-parasite system used any of the infections would have survived. PMID- 7113357 TI - The infectivity of some nematode parasites of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L.) and elk (Alces alces L.) for cattle and sheep. AB - Cross infections were carried out by dosing parasite-free calves and lambs with third stage nematode larvae cultured from the faeces of reindeer and elk. Two lambs each received 20,000 larvae from reindeer, and one lamb 20,000 larvae from elk. One calf received 50,000 larvae from reindeer and one 50,000 from elk. The animals were killed 28 days after infection. Egg output did not differ significantly between the lambs nor between the calves, but in the lambs the output was much higher than in the calves (highest cound 4300 versus 275). Worm counts varied among the animals independent of the origin of the larvae. The highest take was found in the lamb infected with larvae from elk (81.5%) and the lowest in the calf infected with larvae from elk (15.1%). Ostertagia leptospicularis was the dominant species (80% or more) and the only other species present were Skrjabinagia kolchida and Spiculopteragia boehmi. The latter was found in a higher percentage (14.0 and 10.4) in the animals that received larvae cultured from elk faeces. Under natural conditions O. leptospicularis is possibly the only pathogenic species that can play a role in cross contamination to cattle and sheep. PMID- 7113358 TI - [Surgical treatment of aseptic necrosis of the head of the femur by transtrochanteric rotation osteotomy after Sugioka (author's transl)]. AB - This paper reports the follow-up findings in seven transtrochanteric rotation osteotomies. The average follow-up period was two-and-a-half years. This intervention calls for a very subtle surgical technique, a long period of relief and subsequent physiotherapy. PMID- 7113359 TI - [Problems associated with corrective osteotomy of the hip joint in spastic children (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report on 85 adduction-derotation osteotomies and 13 operations on the acetabulum performed in 56 children with cerebral palsy. Such causes as were observed of an increased tendency toward reabduction are described, taking age at operation into consideration. Other postoperative complications, including fragment dislocations and fractures of the shaft of the femur following disuse osteoporosis, are pointed out. The problem of the "anti-Chiari effect", resulting from the negative function of the hypsiloid cartilage, is discussed with regard to the formation of the "Chiari roof". PMID- 7113360 TI - [Results of treatment of Perthes' disease by intertrochanteric adduction osteotomy with and without postoperative splint relief (author's transl)]. AB - Opinions differ on the desirability of postoperative relief following intertrochanteric adduction osteotomy in Legg-Calve-Perthes' disease. We therefore undertook an analysis of our patients who were given postoperative relief with a Thomas splint up to 1974. Subsequently, patients were allowed to load the joint normally after the osteotomy had knitted. Comparison of the results in the two groups of patients indeed makes it questionable whether postoperative relief with Thomas splints is desirable. If adduction is performed in Stage I of Perthes' disease, relief appears neither beneficial nor detrimental. However, in Stage II there appears to be a detrimental tendency. PMID- 7113361 TI - [Changes in the juvenile pelvis in congenital systemic diseases of the skeleton (author's transl)]. AB - Constitutional disorders of the skeleton show a characteristic appearance in the radiogram of the juvenile pelvis. These radiologic changes are presented in tables and are discussed demonstrating individual cases. Because of the limited reactive possibility of the skeleton not every disorder shows a typical feature of differential diagnosis and radiologic pattern. To differentiate from the congenital dysplasia of the hip and Legg-Calve-Perthes disease the distribution of the skeletal disorders and their course therefore have to be known. Accordingly the therapeutic consequences have to be drawn. In this purpose the radiologic diagnostics of the juvenile pelvis are of significant value. PMID- 7113362 TI - [The Judet prosthesis in the treatment of problematic hips (author's transl)]. AB - After an experience of two and a half years with the cementless total hip replacement after Judet we report about the preliminary results in special cases. The implantation of this model of prosthesis is not difficult in case of a good bony stock. We achieved also good results in special indications like in coxarthritis after CDH, hip protrusion and revisions of loosened endoprosthesis. Special techniques are pointed out to enlarge or improve the prosthetic anchorage. PMID- 7113363 TI - [113 Re-operations to correct loosening of prosthesis shafts - personal experiences and conclusions (author's transl)]. AB - one hundred and thirteen re-operations necessitated by loosening of the prosthesis shaft were analyzed with regard to surgical stress, technique and results. Of these operations to replace the prosthesis shaft, the surgical technique employed depended on the individual situation in 94 cases. In some, the implant and cement cone were removed, in some the medullary space was foragad, and in others single or multiple fenestration was performed. The surgical investment in these 94 operations proved to be especially high. The main disadvantage of individually oriented, partly improvised procedures is that granular tissue remains in the former contact zone between cement cone and bone. Uncovering of the shaft of the femur in a planned procedure employing the fenestration/chiseling method (19 patients) represents a way of cleaning the medullary cavity completely prior to fitting the replacement implant, with a low level of surgical stress. Implants whose shape corresponds as closely of the shaft are preferred to the so-called long-shaft implants. The authors see a considerable improvement in the departure from individually oriented and partially improvised procedures in replacement interventions: the surgical stress imposed by the operation is easier to assess and the safety of the implant renders the chances of success greater. PMID- 7113364 TI - [Results of knee joint arthrolysis surgery (author's transl)]. AB - This work reports the results of operative treatment of knee-stiffness from 1973 1981 in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Kiel. 42 out of 46 occurrences of age, were post-operatively controlled. In most cases the stiffness was of traumatic origin. In more than one half of the cases the pre-operative controlled. In most cases the stiffness was of traumatic origin. In more than half of the cases the pre-operative degree of motion was less than 60 degrees. Intraarticular revision alone or extraarticular revision alone or a combination of both and other bone surgery was performed in approximately 1/4 of the patients respectively. The absolute range of motion, an average of 58 degrees pre operatively, improved to 114 degrees post-operatively. The mean relative improvement of motion, in regard to a norm of 140-0-0 degrees, was 68% at discharge. Among our patients complication were seldom. In our opinion operative arthrolysis in indicated cases is a tried and proven method for treatment of stiff knees. PMID- 7113365 TI - [Determination of femoropatellar joint dysplasia (author's transl)]. AB - On the basis of more than 1400 tangential X-rays made with Knutsson's technique, the author qims to demonstrate, employing optical and measurement criteria, the limits between normal conditions and dysplasias. Since there are no fixed boundaries, these two areas can only be delimited from each other with sufficient accuracy by means of an inter-mediate zone. The patella is differentiated according to its shape in euplasia, medial hypoplasia and dysplasia, corresponding to the trochlea in Types I-V. In relation to the knee joint in question, there is a high degree of correlation between the development of the patella and the trochlea. All in all, a dysplasia can be determined more easily and more accurately at the trochlea than at the patella, since the patella is subject to greater projectural changes and the points of measurement are more difficult to establish. Ficat and Bizou's condylar depth index and the condylar joint surface angle of Brattstrom are recommended as especially suitable methods of measurement. Since the shape of the trochlea changes as a function of the extent to which the knee is bent, the latter must be cited in comparative investigations. PMID- 7113366 TI - [Treatment of splayfoot with prolapse of the metatarsal heads by Helal's Oblique Metatarsal Osteotomy (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe the technique of oblique osteotomy of the distal metatarsals after Helal, for treating splayfoot with prolapse of the metatarsals heads. It was performed on 189 metatarsals in 76 patients. The operation is technically straightforward, inexpensive and, with the appropriate indication, an efficacious intervention with a high success rate. PMID- 7113367 TI - [Compensatory pes valgoplanus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7113368 TI - [Arthrodesis of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the big toe - a report on six years' experience (author's transl)]. AB - At the orthopedic clinic of Lubeck College of Medicine surgical treatment of disorders of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the big toe has, since 1975, included arthrodesis of this joint using a small bone chip. In the light of experience gathered in 150 arthrodeses performed to date, this paper aims to point out major considerations in surgical technique and postoperative treatment; keeping these in mind should help to prevent unsatisfactory courses and optimize results. PMID- 7113369 TI - [Use of a computer-controlled kinematic-electromyographic motion analysis system to investigate gait patterns of healthy subjects on the level walkway and the treadmill (author's transl)]. AB - In an attempt to clarify the question if the level walkway and the treadmill present comparable conditions for analytic examinations of the human gait we investigated in either situation with a computer-controlled motion analysis system some kinematic and electromyographic aspects of the gait pattern of 20 healthy subjects. The results show that on the treadmill certain kinematic events in the time pattern of the gait cycle are shifted towards the beginning of the full stride. Moreover, in the treadmill walk the amplitude of the angular motion of the thigh is diminished in the forward and enhanced in the backward direction, while the angular amplitude of the shank is diminished in either direction. As to the electromyographic results, we found in the treadmill walk a prolonged activity of the gluteus maximus, and adductor magnus, the semitendinosus, and the gastrocnemius muscle. These results show that there may exist significant kinematic and electromyographic differences between the treadmill and the normal level walk. This fact has to be considered whenever a treadmill is considered for gait analytical investigations. PMID- 7113370 TI - [Problems of posture and the locomotor system as a result of amputation of a lower extremity (author's transl)]. AB - While it is true that partial loss of a leg regularly leads to additional stress on the remaining parts of the body, the ability of the organism to compensate for this is evidently so good that under everyday conditions with physiological stress the additional load is tolerated by the vertebral column and the remaining leg. Conversely, the residual function of the amputated leg is likely to be impaired if the prosthesis is too short, and if these are any lumbosacral defects damage will probably result. This applies in particular to cases with scoliosis due to false posture. PMID- 7113371 TI - [In osteogenesis imperfecta no intramedullary nailing and especially no bone plates in childhood]. AB - This is a review of 24 patients with osteogenesis imperfecta of all age groups. 7 severe cases have been followed closely during growth for at least 10 years after multiple series of osteotomies with stabilisation by rodding and plating. The conclusion of the disappointing late results consists in that plating has to be abandoned completely during growth. The indication for rodding has to be restricted severely because of the necessity for replacement of the nails about every two year until cessation of growth. Special operative indications are outlined. PMID- 7113372 TI - [Ventral derotation spondylodesis. Results of treatment of cases of idiopathic lumbar scoliosis (author's (author's transl)]. AB - Of nearly 300 VDS operations, performed at the German Scoliosis Center, the first 50 cases have been analysed. Their follow-up was conducted over a period of two years minimally. Patients with lumbar scoliosis and double major curves will be analysed in detail separately. In suitable cases use of the ventral derotation spondylodesis offers considerable advantages as compared to other methods. Bending tests are decisive for determining the fusion area. Rotation and obliquity of the third or fourth lumbar vertebra are of critical importance. The author considers the Harrington operation no longer justified in those cases in which ventral derotation spondylodesis can be successfully used. Furthermore, the Dwyer procedure has to be considered obsolete. PMID- 7113374 TI - [First results of the Luque operation (author's transl)]. AB - The first 12 patients operated according to the method of Luque (segmental spinal wiring) at the German Scoliosis Center, have been subject to a preliminary assessment. Results of the Luque operation are superior to those of other procedures in specially selected cases. Most important advantage of the Luque operation is the instant post operative stability. For this reason the procedure for operating deformities of the spinal column in cases of neuromuscular diseases and collapsing spine of paraplegic patients is especially advisable. Dangers and risks of this novel technic are pointed out. PMID- 7113373 TI - [Osteoporosis and halo traction in scoliosis patients (author's transl)]. AB - In 54 patients who underwent halo traction for an average of 80 days each, there was no laboratory evidence of any change in calcium metabolism. Histologically, there were slight but significant bony changes after termination of halo traction treatment, principally "low-turnover" osteoporosis, which was possibly more prevalent in female patients. Where a slight osteoporosis already existed prior to halo traction, it generally became more severe. The study seems to show that no relationship exists between the etiology of scolioses and the development of osteoporosis. It proves that in respect of the development of osteoporosis also, permanent halo traction is not a neutral procedure. PMID- 7113375 TI - [Corrective surgery for kyphosis in bekhterev's disease - indication, technique, results (author's transl)]. AB - 14 patients suffering from Bechterew's disease with a marked kyphotic deformity of their spine have been subject to extension osteotomy. Follow-up of 12 patients ranges from 7 to 33 months. Results have been good in 10 and satisfactory in 2 cases. Increase in body length has been between 2 to maximally 26 cm. Surgical procedure, results and complications have been demonstrated. Possibility of early spondylodesis in Bechterew's disease for elimination of pain and avoidance of progressing deformity is discussed. PMID- 7113376 TI - [A one-stager procedure in operative treatment of spondylolistheses: dorsal traction-reposition and anterior fusion (author's transl)]. AB - On account of 41 cases of spondylolisthesis a one-stage operation for repositioning and stabilisation using Harrington's instrumentation with anterior intercorporal spine fusion is recommended. The advantage of this procedure is a secure fusion and a short hospitalisation. After 6 months the patient usually is rehabilitated. PMID- 7113377 TI - [Surgical treatment of unstable, therapy-resistant and painful lumbosacral joints by distracting decompressive posterolateral spondylodesis over the divided sacral bar according to Zielke's method (author's transl)]. AB - Here the procedure of the distracting decompressive fusion over the divided sacral bar which Zielke developed 8 years ago is being described. This procedure was applied in over 150 cases. In a follow-up only one pseudarthrosis was found in the area of L5/S1. 70% of the previously pensioned patients could at least be partially rehabilitated. 32 patients were asked of their opinion with a questionnaire. Only 2 patients (6%) assessed the operation results with "bad". Indication is in all instabilities of the lumbosacral joint. The problem of the multi-operated back can be largely solved through the possibilities of this procedure. PMID- 7113378 TI - [The significance of mechanical factors in the development of spondylolysis. Experimental studies (author's transl)]. AB - The cause of spondylolysis is a controversial subject. A variety of experiments were conducted at the University Orthopedic Clinic in Frankfurt am Main to determine the significance of mechanical factors. Experiments on dogs whose lumbosacral joints were forced into lordosis by a specially developed instrumentarium did not prove that processes tantamount to fatigue fracture occur in the pars interarticularis. Two series of experiments were carried out on the lumbar vertebral columns of adults, stretch measuring strips being attached to the pars interarticularis. The forces acting on the L5 pars interarticularis are, under all conditions, greater than those acting on the other parts, disproportionately so where there is lordotic stress. Therefore, in the certain instances of intermittent or rhythmic loading without a recovery phase, a fatigue fracture can occur. These results may also be assigned to the series of experiments pointing to spondylolysis as being responsible for a final fatigue fracture. PMID- 7113380 TI - [Stiffness of rotation of the forearm associated with contraction of the membrana interossea antebrachii (animal experiments) (author's transl)]. AB - In 18 adult cats a wedge osteotomy in the middle of the radial shaft was performed and stabilized with plate fixation in 10 degrees axial deviation. After different times of survival forearm specimens were obtained. In a motion simulator the elongation pattern of the interosseous membrane during pronation and supination was measured with strain gauges. Remarkable changes of the normal elongation pattern could be observed according to the deviation of the radius. PMID- 7113379 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis: state of the art and future perspectives in orthopedics and traumatology (author's transl)]. AB - In the last years ultrasound-scanning will take a quickly further development. In Orthopaedics and Traumatology possibilities will be checked at literature and with own clinical results. At this time ultrasound-scanning has no importance in clinical praxis. Nevertheless we have to pay attention to this expecting procedure. PMID- 7113381 TI - [Principals of surgical treatment of paresis due to damage to the central nervous system (author's transl)]. AB - In pareses due to cerebral affections there is a sensomotoric disturbance of coordination and function which usually leads to typical contractions. The aim of treatment consists primarily in the creation or restitution of the greatest possible degree of dynamic equilibrium in unequally affected musculature. In addition to detonization of the spastically hypertonic muscles this also includes the elimination of deformities which disturb function. Only by detailed analysis of neuro-orthopedic findings can adequate conditions be created for the comprehensive therapeutic measures to be taken. For optimal surgical results not only accurate and detailed indication are required, but also specifically oriented preoperative and postoperative physiotherapy and ergotherapy. PMID- 7113382 TI - [Chronic inflammatory intestinal diseases. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis]. PMID- 7113383 TI - [Ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease. Conservative therapy]. PMID- 7113384 TI - [Chronic inflammatory intestinal diseases. Surgical therapy]. PMID- 7113385 TI - [Emergencies in general medicine (22). Hypothermia]. PMID- 7113386 TI - [Congenital abnormalities]. PMID- 7113387 TI - [Analgesia in myocardial infarction. A recent approach]. PMID- 7113388 TI - [Dizziness: A typical disorder of old age]. PMID- 7113389 TI - [Psychiatric aspects of slowly developing cerebrovascular insufficiency]. PMID- 7113390 TI - [Age-related changes of the cardiovascular system. From the viewpoint of pathologic anatomy (II)]. PMID- 7113391 TI - [Emergencies in general medicine (23). Nosebleed]. PMID- 7113392 TI - [Treatment of obstructive respiratory disorders using a new theophylline retard preparation]. PMID- 7113393 TI - [Maltyl gargling solution. Report on an experiment using a new, ready-to-use antiseptic (dequalinium chloride) for the mouth and throat]. PMID- 7113394 TI - [Mass suicide]. PMID- 7113395 TI - [Emergencies in general medicine (24). Sudden deafness]. PMID- 7113398 TI - [How panics originate. Originally decisive factors]. PMID- 7113396 TI - [Heart failure. Are patients after successful recompensation with digoxin alone treated adequately?]. PMID- 7113397 TI - [Gastritis, stomach ulcer, reflux diseases. Motility effective therapy with Motilium]. PMID- 7113399 TI - [Can the police prevent or control a panic?]. PMID- 7113400 TI - [Tumors of hydrobionts and monitoring of carcinogenic pollution of water environment]. PMID- 7113401 TI - Index to immunization. PMID- 7113402 TI - Vaccine reactions: the challenge to pediatricians. PMID- 7113403 TI - Pneumatic counter-pressure devices: how they work, when to use them. PMID- 7113404 TI - Homocystinuria: need for early diagnosis and therapy. PMID- 7113407 TI - Microcirculatory disturbances - the final cause for venous leg ulcers? PMID- 7113405 TI - Disarticulation for failed surgical procedures about the hip. PMID- 7113406 TI - Leiomyosarcoma of the duodenum simulating pancreatic carcinoma: case report. PMID- 7113408 TI - [Lymphatic microangiopathy in chronic venous insufficiency]. PMID- 7113409 TI - [Carotid artery stenosis, cardiovascular risk profile and associated macroangiopathy in ambulatory diabetics: the Schwabing study on macroangiopathy in diabetics]. PMID- 7113410 TI - A new method for measuring the effective compression of medical stockings. PMID- 7113411 TI - Major vessel arteritis with aortic aneurysm in Behcet's disease. PMID- 7113413 TI - [Aneurysm of the posterior tibial artery after snake bite]. PMID- 7113414 TI - [The dialysis shunt aneurysm]. PMID- 7113412 TI - Prevention of colon infarction following aortic reconstruction. PMID- 7113415 TI - Similar thermographic pattern of deep vein thrombosis and ruptured Baker's cyst. PMID- 7113416 TI - [Vascular tumors VI: tumors of large vessels]. PMID- 7113417 TI - [Directions for the therapy of chronic venous insufficiency]. PMID- 7113418 TI - Assessment of occlusive proximal arterial disease in the lower limbs by simple non-invasive methods. PMID- 7113419 TI - [Effect of interval training for length of walk, hemodynamics and ventilation in patients with intermittent claudication. 1. Change in the length of walk]. PMID- 7113421 TI - [Development of medical genetics in the 11th Five-Year Plan and the practical introduction of its achievements]. PMID- 7113420 TI - Arterial reconstruction for limb salvage. PMID- 7113422 TI - [Problems and prospects in the development of genetic research in neurology]. PMID- 7113423 TI - [Achievements in the field of molecular hematology and hematological genetics]. PMID- 7113424 TI - [Role of hereditary factors in the genesis of mental retardation]. PMID- 7113425 TI - [Genetic models of prevalent diseases]. PMID- 7113428 TI - [Use of hydrolin and dimexide for experimental sensitization]. PMID- 7113426 TI - [Clinicomorphological characteristics of erysipelatous erythema in periodic disease]. PMID- 7113427 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in lichen ruber planus]. PMID- 7113429 TI - [Experimental assessment of the action of metals on the skin]. PMID- 7113430 TI - [Cytology of the chancres in primary syphilis]. PMID- 7113432 TI - [Monilethrix in children]. PMID- 7113431 TI - [Case of a malignant apudoma showing double differentiation in metastases of melanoma and malignant carcinoid types]. PMID- 7113433 TI - [Bactericidal activity of the skin in athletes]. PMID- 7113434 TI - [Topographic and age characteristics of the moisture content and rheology of human skin]. PMID- 7113436 TI - [Radiotelemetric study of gastric function in leprosy]. PMID- 7113435 TI - [Toxoplasmosis as a possible cause of alopecia areata]. PMID- 7113437 TI - [Current aspects of the clinical picture and course of secondary recurrent syphilis]. PMID- 7113438 TI - [Vitiligo and specific leukoderma in secondary recurrent syphilis]. PMID- 7113439 TI - [Complex form of instrumental behavior in the dog]. AB - A complex form of higher nervous activity, conditioned switching over, was elaborated in four dogs freely moving in an experimental room, under conditions of choice of kind (food or water) and place of reinforcement, determined by situational factors, as well as of independent switching on of conditioned stimuli. The formation of such behaviour was attended with neurotic disturbances of higher nervous activity, which disappeared after a break in the work and the animals' rest. It was shown that motivational goal-directed behaviour of the animals is due to activation of direct and backward conditioned connections. Chains of instrumental conditioned reflexes, which in the final analysis form complex behaviour are elaborated by "trials and errors". Subsequently the phenomenon of afferent and efferent generalization sets in. PMID- 7113440 TI - [Effect of the destruction of the entorhinal region of the cortex on the conditioned reflex activity of animals]. AB - A study was made of the influence of ablation of the entorhinal cortex on conditioned reflexes to present and trace stimuli. Ablation resulted in a long lasting and considerable disturbance of differentiation of time macrointervals. After the operation, elaboration or restoration of the conditioned reflex to time was delayed five or six times as compared with intact animals. There was no change in the state of motor alimentary conditioned reflex to different (single or complex) present stimuli regardless of whether the ablation was performed after or before the elaboration of conditioned reflexes. Similar results were obtained in animals of different phylogenetic groups (rats and dogs). PMID- 7113441 TI - [Effect of unilateral extirpation of the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion and electric stimulation of the posterior hypothalamus on the rate of reflex conditioning in the dog]. AB - The influence of the sympathetic nervous system and the posterior hypothalamus on the rate of conditioning and the magnitude of conditioned reflexes was studied on dogs by motor defensive method. Extirpation of the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion reduced the conditioned reflex magnitude, delayed the elaboration of positive reflexes facilitating the formation of the inhibitory process. Stimulation of the posterior hypothalamus with electrical current of medium strength (50 mcA) promoted the enhancement of positive conditioned reflexes, and while not substantially affecting the rate of their formation, facilitated elaboration of internal inhibition. PMID- 7113443 TI - [Bilateral avoidance reflex elaborated by electric stimulation of the dorsal hippocampus in the rat]. PMID- 7113442 TI - [Effect of stimulation of the acetylcholinergic system of the caudate nucleus on EEG indices of feeding behavior in the cat]. AB - The antagonistic dynamics of appearance of 30 c/s EEG-rhythm in the amygdala and 18 c/s rhythm in the parietal cortex during food-procuring behaviour of cats is considered as EEG manifestation of the interaction between motivation and reinforcement mechanisms. The study has not detected any distinct changes in the dynamics of the appearance of these EEG-rhythms after cholinomimetics injections into the caudate nucleus. A conclusion has been made that stimulation of acetylcholinergic structures of the caudate nucleus while depressing the motor component of the food-procuring reflex, does not significantly disturb the above mechanisms of alimentary behaviour. PMID- 7113444 TI - [Role of amygdalar nuclei in alimentary and defensive conditioned reflexes in the rat]. AB - Ninety experimentally naive male white rats were divided into groups with lateral (AL), medial (AME) and central (ACE) amygdalar nuclei lesions, sham-operated and normal controls. The AL-rats showed a facilitation of instrumental conditioned alimentary reflexes (CAR) acquisition and retardation of initial avoidance learning in a shuttle box; the AME-rats exhibited a slower acquisition of the CAR and a facilitation of avoidance conditioning; in the ACE-rats acquisition of the CAR was the same as in controls but avoidance performance was significantly impaired as compared with all experimental groups. It has been assumed that functional non-identity of the amygdalar nuclei in alimentary and avoidance behaviour is caused by dominant drive and by presence of "specific" amygdalar neurones participating in functional systems of the studied behavioural reactions. PMID- 7113445 TI - [Autonomic response to atropine and propranolol administration to rats with different behavioral characteristics]. AB - A comparison was made between the characteristics of heart rate (HR) control in the norm, after biologically positive and negative influences (elaboration of alimentary instrumental reflexes and non-avoidable pain stimulation, respectively) in two groups of rats: those elaborating and non-elaborating avoidance of closed space at cries of the partner, according to P. V. Simonov (A and B groups), which is considered as manifestation of a weak (A group) and pronounced (B group) inborn passive defensive reaction to closed space. Greater enhancement of the HR background level (in conditions of non-rigid fixation) after a negative influence in B group and after positive in A group is connected to different significance of the reinforcements for the animals. The range of reactivity (the upper and lower HR boundaries determined by its acceleration under the action of atropin and its slowing under the action of propranolol) is connected to autonomous characteristics of vegetative regulation: stability in the group A and propensity for sharp shifts in the group B (expansion of the range of HR changes after positive influence and narrowing after negative one). PMID- 7113447 TI - [Features of higher nervous activity in mice with Robertsonian chromosomal translocations]. AB - The ability of laboratory mice to learn to solve a simple food searching task, and their ability to extrapolate the direction of stimulus movement, were investigated in animals of CBA inbred strain (64 mice) and in mice with Robertsonian fusion of 8 and 17 chromosomes -- Rb (8, 17) 1 IEM possessing different genetic background (122 mice). As the ability for extrapolation is tested while the animal has no previous experience of such task solving, this form of behaviour seems to be different from conditioning. Mice with Rb (8, 17) 1 IEM but not CBA mice proved to be capable to solve the extrapolatory task at its first presentation. Their learning ability was found to be also superior to that of CBA mice. The present data proved that mice with Rb (8, 17) 1 IEM translocation may serve as a very promising model for investigation of complex behaviour patterns. PMID- 7113448 TI - [Dynamics of a consolidated motor-defensive conditioned reflex in irradiated rats with different levels of motivation]. PMID- 7113446 TI - [Interhemispheric asymmetry of motor and exploratory activity in the mouse]. PMID- 7113450 TI - [Effect of electric stimulation and anodal polarization of thalamic structures on behavioral responses induced by stimulation of the hypothalamus]. PMID- 7113455 TI - [Intrahemispheric correlations among EEG slow-wave components in patients with focal brain lesions]. PMID- 7113449 TI - [Characteristics of human auditory evoked potentials during lateralization of a "moving" acoustic pattern]. PMID- 7113452 TI - [Effect of a constant magnetic field on hippocampal epileptic foci in the rabbit]. AB - Rabbits with penicillin epileptogenic foci in the hippocampus were subjected to the action of a non-uniform magnetic field (MF) of magnetophores. The maximal induction of the field on the surface of the magnetophore was 30 mT, the gradient -- 30 mT/cm, and average induction in the region of the focus --0.5 mT. It has been shown that activity between seizures does not change under the action of MF, while the number of electrographic correlates of seizures sharply increases. Interhemispheric difference in the epileptiform activity in the left and right hippocampus detected in the control, is substantially intensified in the experimental animals. No weakening of the effect was observed for fifteen days from the moment of the field application. It is assumed that the effect of the magnetic field action on the organism is similar to the influence of hypoxia. PMID- 7113456 TI - [Participation of the prefrontal cortex in delayed spatial choice and time interval discrimination in the rhesus monkey]. PMID- 7113453 TI - [Auditory evoked potentials and acoustically-directed behavior of nestlings]. AB - Characteristics of auditory evoked potentials (EP) were studied in 1.5 to 7.5 days old Pied Flycatchers nestlings (Ficedula hypoleuca) with chronically implanted electrodes in the field L (analogue of the mammal's auditory cortex). EPs simultaneously with behaviour were recorded in nestlings under conditions similar to natural, in response to "feeding" calls and pure tones of different frequency and intensity. It was found that EP generation thresholds do not depend on the sum total of factors which influence the organization of feeding behaviour. The EP generation threshold is by 13-36 dB (for different frequencies) below that of the appearance of feeding responses in nestling with a maximum high motivation. It is suggested that the realization of inborn behaviour with a signal basis needs not only an integration (formed in the process of embryogenesis) of a definite sensory input with a complex of structures of the "feeding centre", but also the presence of a massive modality-specific inflow. PMID- 7113451 TI - [Interaction of excitatory foci and their complexes in the cerebral cortex]. AB - Relations between excitation foci and their complexes in the cerebral cortex were studied in acute experiments on cats. Excitatory foci were produced by application of solutions of strychnine, penicillin and acetylcholine with prozerine in different concentrations. Two main types of interrelations were established: the determinant and the dominant ones. It was shown that a powerful excitation focus may enhance and synchronize the activity in weaker foci, integrate them in a single functional complex and determine the pattern of its activity (determinant relationships). It may also suppress the activity of previously created foci (dominant relations). The latter form of interrelations was observed either in the transitional stage during formation of the complex or it had an independent meaning. Such types of functional interrelations were observed both between separate foci and their complexes. PMID- 7113454 TI - [Effect of electric stimulation of afferent pathways on neurons in septal sections]. PMID- 7113458 TI - [Reorganization of visual cortex neuronal spike flow in the cat with different delays in reinforcement]. PMID- 7113459 TI - [Background electrical activity of the brains of rabbits fetuses of different age groups]. PMID- 7113461 TI - [System of formation of visual stimuli based on light-emitting diodes]. PMID- 7113460 TI - [Asymmetry of the direction of Wistar and Krushinskii-Molodkina rat movement in a radial labyrinth]. PMID- 7113457 TI - [Effect of visual and olfactory deprivation on acoustically-directed homing orientation in kittens]. PMID- 7113462 TI - [Automatic device for studying maze learning and certain other indices of higher nervous activity in the rat and in the mouse]. PMID- 7113463 TI - [Measurement and analysis of environmental noise]. AB - In the assessment of community noise, it is important to determine the noise conditions responsible for the disturbance. This can be done with knowledge of the operating conditions and with help of the time history of the noise over an extended period. This information must be gathered in consideration of the appropriate standards and regulations. The spectral distribution of the noise as well as its time history are measured. For noise with impulsive character or containing pure tone components, a factor is added. Psychological factors must be considered. As noise criterion, the corresponding immission limits are applied. The problems of establishing such limits and the most important noise abatements measures are discussed. PMID- 7113465 TI - [Importance of the number of events and maximum noise level in evaluating annoyance]. AB - Exposure to environmental noise can cause interference with rest, conversation and listening to radio-TV as well as sleep disturbances. These effects are experienced as annoyance by the exposed person. An analysis of several epidemiological studies on annoyance due to road traffic, train and aircraft noise shows a fair dose-response relationship when the dose is expressed using the traditional indices such as Leq and NNI. An improved relationship is obtained if the dose is expressed in terms of the noisiest even and the number of such events separately. Practical measures to control environmental noise are discussed in terms of this principle. PMID- 7113464 TI - [Autonomic effects of airplane noise in the home environment]. PMID- 7113467 TI - [Sleep disturbance caused by noise]. AB - This contribution is a state-of-the-art of recent knowledge regarding effects from environmental noise on sleep and proposes acoustic thresholds likely to help public authorities in setting up regulations. It recalls physiological sleep aspects and the cyclic organization of the various stages; then it examines noise effects, principally those arising from road traffic, planes and trains. Such effects are firstly considered as changes in sleep organization during night. It is noted that laboratory and home experiments lead to the same conclusions: duration of deep sleep is appreciably reduced for younger people, while the dream phase is disturbed for older people. These disturbances are associated with an average energetic level Leq. Then partial effects are investigated, either electro-encephalographic or cardiac; these effects are more especially associated with isolated acoustic phenomena and determined from the noise peak level. Other variables, e.g. back noise, phenomena number per period, interval between two noises, have an effect on probability of a local phenomenon which can be connected to a given peak level. The conclusion is that two acoustic values must be retained for considering sleep disturbances: the first one is the energetic level inside the room, with a comfort threshold of 35 dB(A) by night, and the second one is the lowest peak level which should not exceed 50 dB(A). PMID- 7113466 TI - [Annoyance due to street traffic and aircraft noise]. AB - Annoyance is an important criterion to assess the health-impairing effects of noise. Affected are especially communications, due to speech interference, as well as relaxation and sleep. The extent of annoyance increases with rising noise load in the street traffic as well as in the air traffic. Air-traffic noise in residential areas should lie below NNI-values of 35; values of above 45 NNI result in a heavy noise load and require sound-protection measures. Street traffic noise in residential areas should not surpass an Leq value of 60 dB(A) in daytime and 50 dB(A) at night; Leq values of more than 65 dB(A) are qualified as considerable annoyance and are thus critical. In recreation areas the threshold limits should be 5 dB(A) below these values, whereas for shops and offices at main thoroughfares values higher by 5 dB(A) can be tolerated. The noise load should first of all be diminished by stricter regulations for vehicles as well as by measures regarding traffic organization. Furthermore, noise-conscious driving is recommended. Very great traffic noise also requires sound protection measures. PMID- 7113468 TI - [Design and methodology in environmental acoustics]. AB - On the basis of many experiments of urban acoustics carried out in the canton of Geneva, the authors come to the conclusion that the normative values cannot be applied when the estimate of discomfort level is concerned. They must be applied to prevent the risk of auditive acuteness loss. In order to establish discomfort, it is necessary to use methods to measure and analyse the results which are suitable for each condition, and to take into account the acoustic charge, the noise dynamics, the acoustic spectrum and the socio-economic environment of the people concerned. The conception has been accepted by Court of Justice in Geneva, which is now legally accepted: one may consider a uncomfortable any increase of 4 6 dB(A) of the acoustic level, as compared to the previous situation or to the background noise. The ability to differentiate between two stimuli is based on the physiological mechanisms of hearing. PMID- 7113469 TI - [The role of the Federal Agency for Environmental Protection in the field of noise control]. AB - The public efforts in noise abatement are shared among federal, cantonal, and local authorities. Since the acceptance of a new article in the Federal Constitution concerning the protection of the environment, the federal authorities have primarily the task to prepare and issue regulations, whilst the cantonal and local authorities have to enforce them. The Federal Office for Environmental Protection has to coordinate the activities at the federal level. The main present tasks are the preparation of new regulations, to act as an advisory board for other authorities, to analyse and evaluate the noise impact of installations and facilities, to inform the public, and to prepare the future education and training of the executive officials. PMID- 7113470 TI - [Various characteristics of industrial noise]. AB - In this paper, broad characteristics of industrial noise are recalled briefly. High levels and multiple sources require special rules for the measurement or risk, such as the location of microphones at the height of the worker's ear. Industrial noise is either continuous-, and in such case one measurement is enough to evaluate the amount of risk for the inner ear-or fluctuates with time. This is the reason why noise level meters which integrate noise levels along time, must be used in many industrial situations and risk expressed in equivalent level. The unit for industrial noise is the dB(A) which is now universally admitted as reflecting satisfactorily the differential sensitivity of the ear. Lastly, the worker's exposure is also determined by the size (among other factors) of the workshop in which the noise source is located. Authors recommend that noise measurement in industry should not be limited to hygienic purposes and protection against industrial deafness but extended to other requirements of workers. In this respect, physical noise level measurement should be considered as one part of a noise abatement program and be completed by a survey on workers feeling of disturbance and uneasiness. PMID- 7113472 TI - [Hearing loss of workers exposed to constant noise of 95 to 100 dB(A) levels]. AB - The hearing level of 508 workers exposed to steady-state noises with levels of 95 and 100 dB(A) is compared with the hearing of 918 employees who have not been exposed to occupational noises. The workers were selected from 8000 workers in different industries, according to the following criteria: exposure to steady state noises in the same workplace during their whole professional career, no otological previous history. Results are given for exposure durations ranging from 5 to 30 years for ages ranging from 20 to 50 years. The severe injury resulting from the exposure to the two noise levels considered is apparent from the comparison of the percentages of deafness observed after 30 years exposure: 12% for exposure to 95 dB(A) and 20% for exposure to 100 dB(A) but only 1% for the non exposed group having the same average age. These results have to be complemented for noise levels close to 90 DB(A). Several comments are also made with regard to the practice of audiometry in the occupational environment. PMID- 7113471 TI - [Acute and chronic auditory effects of noise]. PMID- 7113474 TI - [Methodology for evaluating the social cost of noise in an industrial milieu]. AB - The investments needed for the prevention of noise in industrial environment bring no apparent profit to the firms and are therefore often deferred or rejected. Yet noise costs money, but part of this cost is "externalized". This cost cannot be entirely measured in financial terms since it is much more a social cost. We used different methods to try to evaluate this social cost. Occupational deafness, which is a parital indicator, allowed us to calculate the financial cost of its "repair". The non-financial aspect has been approached in a psychosocial study whose main results are presented here. These approaches, if they were better studied and appropriately extended, should lead to a more realistic assessment of the social cost of this nuisance. In this context an accurate evaluation of the social cost of noise could socially and economically justify strategies for noise prevention whose components are now well-known. PMID- 7113473 TI - [Difficulties in the prevention of noise in an occupational milieu]. AB - Emphasis is given to the lack of basic engineering knowledge in devising and building "noiseless" tools or machines, as well as in understanding sources and mechanisms of noise production. Teaching and training are not sufficiently developed in this field. Moreover, users of such devices are all too often unaware of the long-term effects of noise and of the appropriate methods of prevention. In this respect, occupational physicians, hygienists, nurses, safety engineers and others can play a very important role. In a second part, the technical difficulties in assessing properly the noise hazard and the efficiency of the protection techniques are underlined. Noise source, noise propagation and the "target" worker are the three levels of control in order to decreasing priority. Finally a few psycho-physiological problems are discussed, among others the attitude of the public towards noise in general. The need of changing this attitude and creating a real understanding and motivation is stressed. Everybody has a responsibility of his own in this respect. PMID- 7113475 TI - [Policies of the National Accident Insurance on matters of prevention of occupationally caused deafness]. PMID- 7113477 TI - Cranio-spinal fasciitis in infancy. AB - Two infants with very large, rapidly growing vascular tumours of the back are presented, one in the occipital region and one in region of the lumbo sacral spine. In both, malignant soft tissue tumours were diagnosed on clinical grounds. Histological examination of both tumours showed them to be benign and the difficulty of histopathological assessment is discussed. Both tumours were totally excised, with difficulty, and the follow-up studies confirm the benign nature of the tumours. PMID- 7113476 TI - The effect of moderate hypoxaemia on cardiac performance in the newborn during anaesthesia and surgery - experimental studies in newborn and two-week-old piglets. AB - Circulatory adaptation to hypoxaemia was studied under anaesthetic and surgical conditions in 10 newborn (age 8-42 h, weight 850-1800 g) and 8 two-week-old piglets (12-16 days, 1400-3600 g). Arterial PO2 was lowered from 60-100 mmHg to 30-40 mmHg by reducing FiO2 (concentration of oxygen during inspiration) at otherwise constant conditions; control studies were performed under the same standard conditions maintaining normoxaemia during the whole experiment in 8 newborn and 8 two-week-old piglets of comparable weight. In both hypoxic groups a prompt compensatory, statistically significant increase of cardiac performance defined by aortic blood pressure, cardiac output, peak aortic flow, stroke volume and cardiac power appeared within a few minutes of hypoxaemia, reaching a maximum half an hour later. Thereafter cardiac performance decreased steadily leading to cardiac failure. Newborns survived 197 +/- 96 min and two-week-old animals 172 +/ 128 min. Peripheral vascular resistance decreased significantly at the time of compensatory increase of cardiac performance, but increased subsequently to a maximum shortly before cardiac failure. Compensatory increase of cardiac performance was more distinct in newborn than in two-week-old piglets. Heart rate increased steadily during exposure to hypoxaemia in both groups reaching a maximum 110 min later and falling back to pre-experimental levels at the end of study. The newborn normoxic controls tolerated the experimental model significantly longer (461 +/- 167 min; P less than 0.001) than the newborn hypoxic piglets. Their response pattern, however, was basically similar. Increase of cardiac performance reached its maximum not before 130 min after the end of the pre-experimental period with subsequent fatal decrease of cardiac performance leading to cardiac failure. Two-week-old normoxic control animals responded qualitatively identically compared with the two-week-old hypoxic animals. Despite normoxaemia their average survival time did not differ significantly (209 +/- 86 min). In all four groups severe metabolic acidosis appeared in most instances during the study, irrespective of hypoxaemia or normoxaemia. Failure of stress tolerance depended on the decrease of pH per hour. This relation was more distinct in normoxic animals. In both hypoxic groups survival time correlated well with the increase of heart rate during hypoxaemia (R = 0.71 in newborn, P less than 0.05; R = 0.86 in two-week-old piglets, P less than 0.01, respectively). This correlation could not be found in the normoxic piglets. PMID- 7113478 TI - [The C-cell-tumours of the thyroid gland in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - C-cell tumours are rare in children. They must be classified as hereditary types of the C-cell carcinomas. C-cell hyperplasias are considered as obligatory precanceroses of this malignoma. The article reports on two cases of C-cell hyperplasia discovered within the framework of a family screening study. Attention is drawn to the importance of screening for diagnosis of early tumour stages resulting in improved prognosis. PMID- 7113479 TI - [A contribution to congenital segmental intestinal dilatation (author's transl)]. AB - Segmental intestinal dilatation is rare and has so far been described for 26 patients only. The article presents three own observations. The clinical symptoms correspond to those of intestinal obstruction and are in most cases manifest in infancy and early childhood. The affected section of the intestine is dilated regionally to 3 to 4 times the normal value and can be situated both in the small intestine and in the colon. The intestinal wall is thickened or thinned; all intestinal wall layers are preserved and the ganglionic cells are regular. A characteristic feature is the histological finding of heterotopic tissue such as gastric mucosa and tissue of pancreas, lung or cartilage. The mesenterial veins are markedly congested. In 50% of all patients association with other malformations is seen. PMID- 7113481 TI - [Medical assessment of disability for Swiss disability insurance]. PMID- 7113480 TI - [Osteoid-forming giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath--roentgenology and histology]. PMID- 7113482 TI - ["Cut injuries" of the hand-- a challenge to the present status of continuing education in surgery]. PMID- 7113483 TI - [Simultaneous treatment of combined injuries of the extremities--emergency care]. PMID- 7113484 TI - [Computer tomography studies of the kidney]. AB - Computertomography of the kidney is, in combination with the conventional non invasive methods, a highly exact diagnostic process. It is very important especially in cases of tumours, bleeding, retention of urine in the kidneys and unilaterally quiescent kidneys. The use of boluscomputertomography and series- computertomography not only increases the exactness of diagnosis but should also yield information on functional dynamics. PMID- 7113486 TI - [Antineoplastic chemotherapy in the therapeutic plan of germinal testicular neoplasms]. AB - The therapy for germinal testicular tumours consists in a combination of operative measures, irradiation and antineoplastic chemotherapy. There are 2 indications for lymphadenectomy: staging operation and removal of metastases. Irradiation is indicated for seminomas at all stages, but even in the case of non seminomas it reduces the rate of recidivation and increases the rate of survival. Disseminated non-seminomas are the domain of antineoplastic chemotherapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy is increasingly being used in the second stage. We treated 274 patients with germinal testicular tumours (44% seminomas, 56% non-seminomas in ther period 1964 - 1981. We carried out curative chemotherapy in 36 patients in stage III. A complete remission was observed 23 times. For patients with non seminomas the results of treatment in 2 different therapy groups can be compared: Group 1: orchiectomy and irradiation, Group 2: Orchiectomy, lymphadenectomy, chemotherapy and irradiation. The survival rates (states I and II) are 52% after 2 years and 44% after 5 years in the first group. In the second therapy group these rates are 80% and 75% respectively. PMID- 7113487 TI - [The problem of preoperative radiotherapy of renal adenocarcinomas from the viewpoint of tumor biology]. AB - Tumour biological examinations were carried out on 26 patients with pulmonary metastases of renal adenocarcinomas; growth functions were used to calculate the point in time at which metastases began to grow, in relation to the time of operation. The aim was to derive information on the indications for pre-operative radiation therapy. In 3 patients out of 26 (11.5%) there is an indication for pre operative irradiation. For comparative clinical tests on the value of pre operative irradiation a minimum of 871 patients are needed in each group for comparison to evaluate the 3-year survival rate and 489 patients to evaluate the 5-year survival rate in order to be certain of the positive effect of pre operative irradiation with 1% statistical probability. Our examinations are to be considered as a model. PMID- 7113485 TI - [Value of computer tomography in percutaneous kidney biopsies and attempts at preventing postpuncture bleeding]. AB - Kidney biopsy was performed on 20 patients under computertomographic control. In all cases sufficient kidney tissue could be removed. All patients were checked for subcapsular or perirenal bleeding immediately after punction and 24 and 48 hours later. In only 7 patients was no bleeding found. In the other patients bleeding varied between 2 and 64 ml immediately after punction and between 1 and 41 ml after 48 hours. PMID- 7113488 TI - [Diagnosis of hypospadias with regard to operative correction]. AB - For a successful operative correction of hypospadia it is absolutely necessary to judge its degree of severity accurately. The decisive factor for this is only the extent of the chorda and not the position of the ectopic urethral orifice. The latter almost always simulates a low degree of severity. This is very clearly to be seen on erection of the penis, by which the degree of hypospadia is visibly exacerbated, as is shown with reference to the last 79 cases operated on by the author. PMID- 7113489 TI - [Anatomico-clinical basis for transvaginal ureterolithotomy]. AB - Transvaginal ureterolithotomy has been performed on 24 patients. Topographic anatomic examination of 50 deceased women showed that injury to the womb in the process of exposing the ureters is unlikely since the right ureter is situated 2.5-3.5 cm and the left one 1.5-2.5 cm away from the edge of the womb. Injury to the A. uterina is factually out of the question since it runs 3.5-4.5 cm away from the entrance of the ureter into the bladder. In the period 1969-1981 24 patients between the ages of 27 and 74 were operated on. In 16 patients the operation was carried out without exposing the ureter from the surrounding tissue by means of opening the lumen above the stone in the upper part. The post operative course was as a rule without complications. The immediate and long-term results of the operations are satisfactory. PMID- 7113490 TI - [Health survey of health care personnel]. PMID- 7113491 TI - [Cooperation between the personal physician and the hospital hygienist--an important contribution to the health protection of hospital personnel]. PMID- 7113492 TI - [The new company first-aid person: tasks, activities, training]. PMID- 7113493 TI - [Morbidity study of employees exposed to dimethylaminopropionitrile]. PMID- 7113494 TI - [The problem of damage by non-ionizing radiation--microwaves, laser]. PMID- 7113495 TI - [Stimulus conduction and cardiac rhythm disorders among workers of an industry allied with bituminous coal mining]. PMID- 7113496 TI - [Renal delta-aminolevulinic acid excretion in persons not exposed to lead]. PMID- 7113497 TI - [Development and trial of a monitoring vehicle for data collection in work physiology field studies]. PMID- 7113498 TI - [Results of reconstruction in knee band lesions (author's transl)]. AB - Early operated knee band lesions (n = 61) had better end results than in those later treated (note 2.3 versus 2.6). In knee luxations (n = 8) we had an average result of 3.1. In combined knee band lesions (n = 39) the persistent instability of the anterior cruciate ligament was the main problem. In such lesions we had better results with primary substitution of the anterior ligament by a gracilis tendon graft than with suture of the torn band. PMID- 7113499 TI - [Rupture of the knee joint ligaments. Comments on preceding articles]. PMID- 7113500 TI - [Knee arthroplasty with the Guepar type prosthesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7113501 TI - [Angiographic diagnostics of extracerebral haematomas (author's transl)]. AB - This paper deals with 492 patients suffering from cranio-cerebral injuries. Intracranial haematomas were assumed to exist. The angiographic findings were compared with operation reports and postmortem findings respectively. It could be stated that extracerebral haematomas were detected by angiography in a percentage of more than 95. PMID- 7113502 TI - [Calf neurinoma of an unusual size]. PMID- 7113503 TI - [Replacement of hip prostheses by antero-lateral fenestration (author's transl)]. PMID- 7113504 TI - [Outpatient management of lower extremity fractures (author's transl)]. AB - Although a large part of patients are hospitalized and treated operatively by modern traumatology, the absolute majority of bone fractures -- including the lower extremity -- are still managed on an outpatient basis. In this respect, they have to be strictly specified according to concomitant injuries, localization, type of fracture, possibilities of transportation and rehabilitation. Treated -- reposition and fixed -- fractures of the lower extremity require to be checked repeatedly with the rehabilitation exercise also being systematically controlled. Special demands are made concerning anaesthesia. Strict selection has to be observed in leg fractures. On an outpatient basis they can be managed in a plaster bandage. PMID- 7113505 TI - [Osteosynthesis of forearm fractures in adults. Late results (author's transl)]. PMID- 7113507 TI - [Osteosynthesis in tropical Nigeria (author's transl)]. PMID- 7113506 TI - [Equilateral fractures of the femoral neck and shaft. Interlocking nailing (author's transl)]. PMID- 7113508 TI - [Results of operative treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation]. PMID- 7113509 TI - [Hanging cast - therapeutic possibility for early mobilization in multiple fractures of the upper extremity]. PMID- 7113510 TI - [Compression mechanism in fracture dislocations of the ankle joint]. PMID- 7113511 TI - [Aerosol disinfection of airborne bacteria-investigations with the microthread technique (author's transl)]. AB - Investigations were performed in order to examine the microthread technique for its usefulness for testing the efficacy of aerosolized disinfectants to bacteria in a simulated airborne state. In this technique fine spider threads are wound on a metal frame. The test bacteria are captured on these threads and can so be exposed to the disinfectant aerosoles. Under the used conditions all the tested disinfectants (formaldehyde, glutardialdehyde, beta-propiolactone, peracetic acid, Tegodor 73 and Lysoformin) had a good disinfectant effect. The disinfectants were used in concentrations which had proven to be necessary for the disinfection of surfaces. The handling of the spiders, the performance of the tests and the applicability of the method are discussed. PMID- 7113512 TI - [Microbiological investigations with decentral dosing apparatuses for disinfectants. Part 2: Resistance-behaviour of isolated bacteria (author's transl)]. AB - When bacteria were isolated from disinfectant solutions of dosing apparatuses their resistance observed in those solutions is rapidly lost during few passages on nutrient agar (Table 1). Bacteria in tap-water, too, show an increased resistance against that disinfectant (Table 2) but it could be reversed by EDTA (Table 3). Therefore, the resistance of bacteria observed in tap-water and disinfectant solution is not determined genetically but results from a temporary adaptation which may be caused by an increased secretion of slime. This resistance is only observed in solution but not after application of the disinfectant to surfaces; it is not dependent from the dosing apparatus but from the product used. Only one species (Corynebacterium rubrum) which occasionally was found showed a primarily increased resistance which is stable during isolation. PMID- 7113513 TI - [Studies on the influence of positive or negative small ions on the catechol amine content in the brain of the mouse following shorttime or prolonged exposure (author's transl)]. AB - Mice were exposed to an atmosphere enriched with positive or negative small ions (density: 52000 each of positive or negative charge carriers/cm3 air); after the exposure times of 5, 30 min and 1, 3, 10 d, we determined the norepinephrine content of the brain. RESULTS: In the case of negative ionization of the air, no difference to untreated controls could be determined at any of the above exposure times. Positive ions, however, cause an elevated norepinephrine level after an exposure time of up to one day; after the exposure times of 3 to 10 d, a drop in the norepinephrine level could be observed in comparison to the control data. CONCLUSION: Negative ions have a neutral effect under the given bioclimatologic conditions. However, positive charge carriers cause stress after shorttime application in excess. After longer exposure, a state of exhaustion can be observed in the form of a lowered norepinephrine level. PMID- 7113514 TI - [LDH activity in human ovarian tissue and in ovarian carcinoma (author's transl)]. AB - Lactate-dehydrogenase activities were measured from tissue homogenates of 34 human ovaries and ovarian carcinomas. Mean activities were 265.2 nmol/s/g tissue in normal ovaries and 695.1 nmol/s/g in ovarian carcinoma tissue. One and the same ratio was obtained from two comparative group of one and the same age. The above difference was significant. No relationship was found to exist between LDH activity in tumour tissue and stage of the disease. PMID- 7113516 TI - [Phaeochromocytoma--a complication in pregnancy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7113515 TI - [Incidence of postoperative recurrence (stages Ia-IIb) of squamous cell carcinoma of uterine cervix in correlation with cellular grading (author's transl)]. AB - An account is given in this paper of 251 cases of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix in postoperative stages Ia to IIb. Tumour recurrence was recorded from 26.6 per cent of the patients. Recurrence rates were 29 per cent in Stage Ib and 57.1 per cent in Stage IIa-b. Incidence of recurrence in these stages was proportionally related to decline in carcinoma differentiation. Recurrence was at its highest within the first three years from primary therapy. Conclusions are drawn for metaphylaxis. PMID- 7113517 TI - [Estimation of secretory immunoglobulin A in serum of pregnant women (author's transl)]. AB - Secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) was measured by means of radial immunodiffusion, according to Mancini, with a self-made antiserum to the secretory component being used together with a S-IgA standard. S-IgA serum concentrations went up with significance in the course of pregnancy, which was probably attributable to increased production of secretory protein in the breasts in preparation for lactation. PMID- 7113519 TI - [Effects of pregnancy-lengthening measures on twin pregnancies--two periods of treatment (author's transl)]. AB - All patients with twin pregnancies were treated in an intensive care programme to prevent premature birth, from the mid-seventies. The results were compared with another period in which no therapeutic regime at all had been applied. The comparison showed that positive results were lacking. PMID- 7113518 TI - [Thrombocyte function in rabbits under fenoterol tocolysis (author's transl)]. AB - Thrombocyte function was studied in pregnant and non-pregnant rabbits which had received fenoterol injections, doses being ten times as high as those therapeutically used on human patients. In rabbits, fenoterol failed to show any recordable effect on platelet number and function. PMID- 7113520 TI - [Choice of delivery methods for cases of breech presentation, with particular reference to premature birth (author's transl)]. AB - Overall mortality, stillbirths and neonatal deaths up to the 28th day of age included, were tested together with selected morbidity parameters, depending on delivery methods used (vaginal route or caesarean section). The group of probands included 112 single births on terms and 136 genuine single premature births (31st to 35th weeks of pregnancy), all of them delivered from breech presentation. Caesarean section for breech presentation deliveries on full term was found to be indicated primarily for cases of cephalopelvic disproportionality and severe risk factors and secondarily on account of cardiotocographic monitoring. Caesarean section has been the method of choice from 1979 for premature births from breech presentation, delivery dates being between the 31st and 35th weeks of pregnancy.- Breech presentation delivery goes along with higher morbidity or mortality risk and, therefore, has become a priority problem in the context of prematurity and its prevention. Efforts should be made to achieve vaginal birth on full term by abandonment of oxytocics and with general cardiotocographic monitoring, despite higher risk of acidosis, however, only in the absence of cephalopelvic disproportionally and grave risk factors. Higher mortality and acidosis risks, accumulation of pulmonary complications, and the need for neonatal intensive care for newborns vaginally delivered from breech presentation were all found by more detailed analysis to be concentrated in the period just before the 35th week of pregnancy. In cases of premature births from breech presentation which could not be therapeutically prevented, caesarean section should be performed up to the 35th week of pregnancy. Vaginal delivery of newborns from breech presentation is considered acceptable beyond the 35th week of pregnancy, with due consideration to be given to the selection criteria generally valid for births on term. PMID- 7113521 TI - [Intrapartum tcpO2 measurement (author's transl)]. AB - The value of intrapartum tcpO2 measurement is discussed, with reference being made to clinical examples. Also mentioned are certain setbacks of the method which, at present, still are limiting factors to general clinical intrapartum use. PMID- 7113522 TI - [Smoking habits of mothers and fathers--bearings on birth weight and malformation of newborns (author's transl)]. AB - An inquiry among 1,000 mothers and fathers, just after their children had been born, showed that cigarettes had been smoked by 9.7 per cent of the mothers during pregnancy and by 57.9 per cent of the fathers.--A certain accumulation of mature dystrophic newborns was recorded from the group of female smokers. Five newborns with malformations were recorded from the group of male smokers. The results are discussed, with reference being made to literature. PMID- 7113523 TI - [Action potentials and conduction velocities of the tibial nerve in sheep paralysis caused by Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi]. PMID- 7113526 TI - [Method of detecting persons needing reinoculations against measles]. AB - The epidemiological analysis of 118 measles foci and the total morbidity rate in measles in the populated locality has been carried out. The admissible focal and morbidity levels in measles among vaccinated children have been established. The method of selecting groups in need of the repeated immunization against measles has been proposed. The authors state that only serological control in the hemagglutination inhibition test with the use of 1 hemagglutinating unit of the antigen can detect measles-susceptible groups. PMID- 7113525 TI - [Variations in the bacterial flora in various stages of the ripening of salami]. PMID- 7113524 TI - Susceptibility and possible role of doves in transmission of Newcastle disease in Egypt. PMID- 7113527 TI - [Metabolism of dicarboxylic amino acids and their amides in bacteria of the genus Klebsiella]. AB - The pathways of the utilization of dicarboxylic amino acids and their amides in 55 Klebsiella strains have been studied. These organisms have been found to be capable of carboxylating glutaminic acid with the subsequent utilization of the product of this reaction, gamma-amino butyric acid, by reamidization with alpha glutaric acid. Aspartate decarboxylase with low activity has been detected only in a small number of strains. Most of the strains have been shown to be capable of deamidizating equally asparaginic and glutaminic acids. The presence of active asparaginase and glutaminase has been detected in a considerable number of these strains. Microorganisms of the genus Klebsiella have low asparagine synthetase and glutamine synthetase activity. Aspartate aminotransferase has been found to occur twice as frequently as alanine aminotransferase, both having the same level of activity. PMID- 7113528 TI - [Taxonomic structure of Gram-negative bacteria from the family Enterobacteriaceae isolated from oncological patients with infectious complications]. AB - The flora isolated from cancer patients in cases of infectious complications has been found to consist of Gram-negative bacteria. Of 414 isolated Gram-negative bacteria strains, 369 strains belonged to the family Enterobacteriaceae, 38 strains to the family Pseudomonaceae, and 7 strains to other families. Enterobacteria were mainly represented by bacteria of the tribes Escherichieae, Klebsielleae, Proteeae. The prominence of individual species in different infectious complication has proved to depend on their localization. Thus, Kl. pneumoniae show a distinct prevalence in purulent septic complications of the respiratory organs, in most of other infections E. coli have been found to play the dominating role. This study demonstrates the etiological role of enterobacteria in hospital infections in patients with malignant tumors. PMID- 7113529 TI - [Detection of alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase in Francisella tularensis]. AB - The activity of alpha-naphthyl-acetate esterase (alpha-NAE) has been studied in Francisella tularensis strains belonging to 3 subspecies. Alpha-NAE has been detected spectrophotometrically in native cells and cell extracts of the virulent nonarctic strains Schu and Cole, holarctic virulent strain No. 503/841 and holarctic vaccine strain No. 15/10, Central Asian virulent strain No. 543, as well as their attenuated variants. In all the strains studied the presence of 7 alpha-NAE isoenzymes has been established by means of electrophoresis in acrylamide gel, and the relative electrophoretic activity and the enzymatic activity of these isoenzymes have been determined. The nonarctic and holarctic strains have been found to differ from the Central Asian strain in the activity of 2 alpha-NAE isoenzymes, named characteristic isoenzymes. After the attenuation of the strains belonging to all subspecies the enzymatic composition of these strains remained unchanged, but at the same time the total activity of the holarctic and Central Asian strains increased, while that of the nonarctic strains decreased. These differences in the activity of alpha-NAE isoenzymes, if confirmed in further studies on a greater number of strains belonging to 3 Francisella tularensis subspecies, can be used as an additional sign for differentiation. PMID- 7113530 TI - [Effect of staphylococcal substance on the phagocytic activity of mouse peritoneal exudate cells]. AB - The cell walls, peptidoglycan and whole cells of St. aureus inhibit the phagocytosis of sheep red blood cells in the culture of mouse peritoneal macrophages. The intraperitoneal injection of cell-wall components (peptidoglycan, teichoic acids) and whole staphylococcal cells stimulates phagocytosis at different periods after immunization, then follows suppression. Teichoic acids seem to act as agents suppressing phagocytic activity during 24 hours after immunization. PMID- 7113531 TI - [In vitro determination of the biological activity of choleragen by the anaerobic dehydrogenase inhibition test in a surviving blastoma cell culture]. AB - A rapid method for the detection and titration of choleragen in vitro in the test allowing one to evaluate dehydrogenase activity in the surviving blastoma culture has been developed. In comparison with the commonly accepted method of using the ligated loop in adult rabbits, the above method is simple, highly sensitive and economical. PMID- 7113532 TI - [Phagocyte characteristics in acute suppurative surgical infection]. AB - The chemotaxis of PMN against E. coli filtrate, as well as the adherence and phagocytosis of bovine RBC, both uncoated and IgM-, IgG- or C'-coated, were studied in 10 healthy donors, 15 patients with local infections, 22 patients with the onset of the generalized infection and 25 patients with sepsis (including 7 patients with the lethal process). In patients with local infections the above mentioned factors remained unchanged during treatment. In patients wit the onset of generalization chemotaxis and immune phagocytosis increased after the beginning of treatment. In septic patients showing a good response to treatment immune adherence and nonimmune, phagocytosis were stimulated. In patients with lethal sepsis a high level of immune adherence, but at the same time suppressed immune phagocytosis were observed. PMID- 7113533 TI - [Ratio of admixtures of blood group substances and heme pigments in immunoglobulin preparations from different types of raw material]. AB - The study of 192 batches of immunoglobulin preparations for the presence of the admixtures of blood group substances and blood pigments has revealed that preparations obtained from abortion and placental blood sera significantly differ from donor immunoglobulins by a greater content of the above admixtures. The absence of correlation between the content of blood pigments and blood group substances in preparations from abortion and placental blood has been significantly demonstrated. PMID- 7113534 TI - [Sleep-wakefulness rhythm and frequency of convulsive seizures in epilepsy complicated and uncomplicated by psychosis]. PMID- 7113535 TI - [Features of the initial period of epilepsy beginning with psychic seizures]. PMID- 7113536 TI - [Diencephalic (hypothalamic) epilepsy (nosologic basis)]. PMID- 7113537 TI - [Changes in various carbohydrate metabolism indices in temporal lobe epilepsy patients]. PMID- 7113539 TI - [Epileptic seizures in animals with experimental aortic stenosis]. PMID- 7113538 TI - [Epileptic syndrome in brain hemorrhages with blood breakthrough into the ventricular system]. AB - Of 313 patients with cerebral hemorrhages and blood breakthrough into the ventricular system, 39 developed the epileptic syndrome. The epileptic seizures were the first symptom of the hemorrhage in 29 patients; in the rest 10 they became manifest on the 1st to 10th day of the stroke in the presence of pronounced focal neurological symptoms. The clinical manifestations of the epileptic syndrome were rather diverse: general convulsive seizures, focal seizures, and combination of the general and focal seizures in the same patients. The generalized seizures were indications of a failure of the compensatory mechanisms to cope with progressing cerebrovascular insufficiency, hypoxia, and cerebral edema. In the pathogenesis of the epileptic seizures in cerebral hemorrhages with blood breakthrough into the ventricular system an importance is attached to old cysts, a concurrent subarachnoidal hemorrhage, and dyshemic processes in the intact hemisphere following the pattern of interhemispheral depression of the cerebral blood flow. The relative infrequency of the epileptic syndrome in cerebral hemorrhage and the absence of a connection between the focal seizure and the localization of the hemorrhage focus do not allow one to judge about a topico-diagnostic significance of that syndrome in this form of the cerebrovascular pathology. PMID- 7113540 TI - [A further role on the structuro-functional organization of the vegetatovisceral manifestations of epilepsy (diencephalic epilepsy?)]. AB - The authors present the results of examining 138 patients whose disease could be classed with the so-called "diencephalic epilepsy" proceeding from the structure of the paroxysmal vegetovisceral manifestations, the degree of the neuroendocrinal syndromes, the complicate scope of the organic and functional anomalies, and hydrocephalus of the IIId ventricle. Stereoelectroencephalographic examinations made in the course of spontaneous vegetovisceral and polymorph seizures have shown that the aura correlates with the reaction of desynchronization in the deep and cortical structures of the brain; the specific manifestations of the seizures are combined with epileptic discharges in the limbic and neocortical structures and absence of the discharges in the thalamus and hypothalamus. It has been shown that the limbic system, the neocortical and truncal divisions of the brain take part in the structural and functional organization of the vegetovisceral paroxysms. It is supposed that the hypothalamus plays a non-specific role in the realization of the vegetovisceral paroxysms. On the basis of recognizing the system organization of epileptic process the authors cast doubt on the term "diencephalic epilepsy". PMID- 7113541 TI - Universal structural features of prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomal 5S RNA derived from comparative analysis of their sequences. AB - An extensive comparative analysis of more than fifty available sequences of ribosomal 5S RNA has been made. Both for prokaryotic and eukaryotic 5S RNA a generalized secondary structure is presented which is similar to that suggested by Nishikawa and Takemura modified in few positions only. Both generalized secondary structures contain five main helical regions and a high base-pairing content of about 65 +/- 5%. The general structural architecture of prokaryotic and eukaryotic 5S RNA molecules appears to be very similar with minor modifications within particular subgroups of organisms. Conserved and semiconserved nucleotides are accumulated in the single stranded parts of 5S RNA. Functional importance was suggested for some of these regions; other short conserved nucleotide stretches may be involved in the folding of 5S RNA molecules. In particular, we propose a tertiary base-pairing interaction between the universal invariant GUA sequence (positions 76-78 and 75-77 in prokaryotic and eukaryotic 5S RNA, respectively) and the complementary conserved CPuU sequence (positions 38-40 and 36-38) in a parallel manner. A molecular model of the 5S RNA of human KB cells was constructed, which verifies the proposed tertiary interaction, probably stabilizing the two neighboured helices E and D and a stacking arrangement of the bases in the sequence positions 67-108 (and 70 106) in eukaryotic (and prokaryotic) 5S RNAs, respectively. PMID- 7113542 TI - Degradation of proteins and lipids in autophagic vacuoles and secretory vesicles. AB - Vinblastine induces increased occurrence of autophagosomes and inhibits export of secretory proteins in rat liver. Taking advantage of this induction and using a Metrizamide gradient it is possible to isolate a purified fraction consisting of intact autophagic vacuoles. These show high proteolytic activity and are enriched in lysosomal enzymes. In addition to autophagic vacuoles, isolated secretory vesicles actively degrade their contents when secretion is inhibited by vinblastine. Histochemical demonstration of acid phosphatase shows an increase in reaction products in the secretory vesicles from vinblastine treated rats. It is concluded that autophagic vacuoles can be isolated into high purity and that accumulation of secretory proteins and lipoproteins correlates with an increase in proteolysis and lipolysis in secretory vesicles. PMID- 7113543 TI - Inhibition of hepatocytic protein degradation by inducers of autophagosome accumulation. AB - Out of nine compounds known to induce accumulation of autophagosomes, seven were found to inhibit degradation of endogenous protein and all of them to inhibit degradation of an exogenous protein (asialofetuin) in isolated rat hepatocytes. On the basis of these findings we propose two possible common mechanisms by which the drugs may cause autophagosome accumulation: 1) The inhibition of protein degradation may result in a decrease in the intracellular amino acid levels, a change which in turn serves as a stimulus for increased autophagic sequestration. 2) Disturbance of the function of the lysosomes may reduce their ability to fuse with newly formed autophagosomes, thereby causing accumulation of the latter. PMID- 7113544 TI - Autophagocytosis: freeze-fracture morphology, effects of vinblastine and influence of transcriptional and translational inhibitors. PMID- 7113546 TI - Residual latent activity of acid phosphatase in total rat liver homogenate: a parameter for autophagy? PMID- 7113545 TI - Quantitative characteristics of the stabilizing effect of glycerol on cytochrome P-450 in rabbit liver microsomes. AB - Kinetics of thermal inactivation of the rabbit liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 has been studied in the temperature range of 45-54 degrees C with increasing concentrations of glycerol. For all temperatures studied in the absence and presence of glycerol, thermal inactivation of cytochrome P-450 is characterized by two phases, the first being described by the first order rate constants. Glycerol markedly lowers the rate of thermal inactivation of cytochrome P-450 as well as the activation parameters delta H and delta S of the process of thermal destruction. There is a linear relationship between decreasing values of delta H, delta S and increasing glycerol concentrations in the medium. PMID- 7113548 TI - Some aspects of plasma protein metabolism as compared with intracellular protein breakdown. AB - Many plasma proteins are cleared according to first-order kinetics. Half-lives of individual plasma proteins are widely different, just like those of intracellular proteins. Plasma proteins with molecular weights up to about 50000 are often mainly cleared by glomerular filtration, especially if the protein has a high isoelectric point. An other important clearance mechanism is endocytosis. Fluid endocytosis might contribute significantly to the catabolism of plasma proteins with long-lives like serum albumin. Adsorptive endocytosis is responsible for the rapid clearance of complexes of some plasma proteins with other molecules, like antigen-antibody complexes. Other plasma proteins like certain glycoproteins and lipoproteins are bound to be specific receptors on the surface of endocytosing cells without previous complex formation. Experiments with sucrose-containing labels suggest that certain tissues are specifically involved in endocytosis of some plasma proteins. If endocytosis and renal filtration constitute the main mechanisms for the clearance of plasma proteins, one cannot expect extensive homologies between this process and catabolism of intracellular proteins. PMID- 7113547 TI - Influence of anti-rheumatic drugs on the activity of collagenolytic cathepsin in hepatic culture. AB - A decrease of the collagenolytic cathepsin activity was found in foetal and adult hepatic slices cultured in vitro with acetylsalicylic acid, phenylbutazone, aminophenazone, indomethacin and naproxen. The most marked decrease was found in slices treated with naproxen and indomethacin. Acetylsalicylic acid produced only a slight diminution of the enzyme activity. Studies on hepatotoxicity indicated that acetylsalicylic acid and phenylbutazone are very toxic drugs, whereas the naproxen toxicity was very low. PMID- 7113549 TI - Endogenous thiol proteinase inhibitor from rat liver. AB - A thiol proteinase inhibitor was purified from rat liver by a rapid procedure involving heat treatment of the post-lysosomal fraction, affinity chromatography on papain-Sepharose 4B and Sephadex G-75. The purified inhibitor appeared homogeneous on sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis. The inhibitor had a molecular weight of about 11000 and consists of three forms (pI 4.9, 5.2 and 5.6). The preparation inhibited thiol proteinases but not serine proteinase or aspartate proteinase. Kinetic studies of inhibition of papain by the inhibitor indicate that the inhibition was noncompetitive and pseudo-irreversible. Subcellular fractionations of rat liver indicate that most of all the inhibitor is localized in the cytosol fraction. The physiological role of the inhibitor is discussed. PMID- 7113550 TI - [Activities of various enzymes in brown fat tissue of rabbits in the pre- and post-natal period]. AB - Newborn rabbits have mainly brown or multilocular fat tissue. The activity of G-6 PDH shows a prenatal decrease. The G-6-PDH activity is clearly lower in postnatal as compared to the fetal period. This is due to the minor role of fatty acid synthesis with reduced fat storage during this time. The high capacity of glycolysis becomes apparent by the high activity of hexokinase and lactate dehydrogenase. The activity of both enzymes, however, shows only slight postnatal changes, so that HK and LDH in contrast to pyruvate kinase in the postnatal period apparently have no regulatory effect. The altogether high activity of the NADP specific isocitrate dehydrogenase indicates the high turnover rates in the Krebs cycle and suggests the adjustment of the metabolism to a high energy turnover. PMID- 7113552 TI - [Electrophoresis studies of the pre-natal status of serum lipoproteins of various species]. AB - The relative proportions of alpha-, beta-, and pre-beta-lipoproteins in the fetal serum of mouse, rat, rabbit, guinea pig, mini-pig, and man were determined by agarose gel electrophoresis and subsequent scan evaluation. No distinct species independent, fetal-specific common features could be detected. In mouse, rabbit and rat an increase in alpha-lipoproteins and a decrease of the proportion of beta-lipoproteins can be observed during prenatal development. In human cord serum of the 30th week alpha-LP are prevalent; at delivery their proportion is still 50%, like in the serum of adults. Five of the species investigated reveal low, if any, pre-beta-lipoprotein levels in fetal serum, while those in the adult organism amount to 19-33%. The lipoprotein spectrum of the mini-pig at the end of the gestational period is identical with that of the adult animal. In the serum of the fetal and adult guinea pig no alpha-lipoprotein band is detectable. On the other hand, a pre-albumin fraction appeared in the prenatal period, amounting to 25% of total lipoproteins. In total, the findings reported here reflect a largely species-specific development of the fetal lipoprotein patterns. PMID- 7113551 TI - [Carbohydrate metabolism in rabbit livers in the pre- and post-natal period]. AB - Until the 25th day of gestation only traces of glycogen are present in the fetal liver of rabbits. Then, a steep rise can be observed until birth. The prenatal accumulation of glycogen protects the newborn against glucose deficiency after the sudden interruption of glucose supply after birth. Immediately after birth the blood glucose level falls in newborn rabbits. With insufficient gluconeogenesis stabilization during the first hours of postnatal life depends on the extent of the glucogen storage in the liver. The HK of the rabbit liver shows a higher activity during the fetal period as compared to the postnatal period. During postnatal life the relative proportion of the HK of the phosphorylation of glucose shows a consistent decrease; and in adult animals this function is nearly entirely taken over by the GK. In accordance with the occurrence of a GK activity the glycogen content shows a steep increase in the rabbit liver after the 9th day of life. The high PK activity of the fetal liver suggests a high glycolytic activity. The decrease in activity during the first days of life favours the overshooting gluconeogenesis of this phase and thus might contribute to the stabilization of the glucose blood level. The rise of activity at the 9th day of life shows a nearly synchronous behaviour in comparison with the development of the GK activity. Due to the change of food with introduction of solid nutrition rich in carbohydrates the PK shows a new rise after the 21st day of postnatal life. Whereas the activity of LDH of the fetal liver of rabbits is of the same magnitude as that of adult animals, there is a perinatal increase of activity with a peak at the 9th day of postnatal life. This step-up of activity is regarded as an adaptation phenomenon by de novo synthesis of enzyme protein. PMID- 7113553 TI - Glucose metabolism in certain brain regions of spontaneously hypertensive rats in the critical period. AB - Contents of relevant metabolites as well as incorporation of 14C from intravenously injected radioglucose in amino acids and proteins of selected brain areas from control and spontaneously hypertensive rats were investigated at appropriate times during the early life period. Adult SH-rats--26 to 28 weeks- differed from controls in having higher contents of glucose in cortex and hypothalamus, and in the latter region only of lactate and total alpha-amino-N. Accumulation of 14C was increased slightly over control activities in cortex and pontine-medullary area, but significantly in the hypothalamus. During the critical phase of rising blood pressure--8th to 15th week--, the incorporation of glucose-14C in hypothalamic amino acids of SH-rats increased markedly over puberty phase related activity levels of control animals. Flux of 14C to hypothalamic proteins exhibited similar stimulation and time pattern of protein synthesis. The results are interpreted as evidence for stimulation of the cerebral glucose metabolism in SH-rats, especially in the hypothalamus, during the phase of developmental hypertension over puberty period metabolism of control rats. PMID- 7113554 TI - Molecular mechanisms of interactions between phospholipids and liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 LM2. AB - The interactions between cytochrome P-450 LM2, NADPH-dependent P-450 reductase and different phospholipids have been analysed in reconstituted systems utilizing spin equilibrium and the reduction reaction as sensitive probes. The results have been correlated with structural data derived from second derivative spectroscopic measurements. The data obtained indicate that phospholipids with acidic groups are of special importance in shifting the spin equilibrium to the high spin state. The detergent substitution of phospholipids, on the other hand, in the reduction reaction provides evidence that the capability to shift the spin state is not strictly correlated with the functional integrity of the system. The results imply that the phospholipids exert a linker function orienting the proteins within the bilayer into a proper interaction state. This function can be substituted by detergents. The phospholipid effect is specified by their head groups and increases with negative charges. PMID- 7113555 TI - Effect of linoleic acid-rich diet on blood pressure, lipids, catecholamines, and dopamine -beta-hydroxylase in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar rats were fed a linoleic acid-rich (LAR) and -deficient (LAD) diet for 22 weeks, respectively. Although linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic acid (AA) in serum and liver triglycerides markedly increased after a LAR diet, LA was significantly lower and AA was higher in SHR when compared to normotensive control rats. Thus, the percentage of both fatty acids remained different like in animals fed a commercial diet. On the contrary, in SHR and normotensive rats fed a LAD diet no differences in the LA and AA content could be found between the groups. In these rats, however, n-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids) in serum triglycerides were increased. Blood pressure, serum triglycerides and total cholesterol appeared unchanged, whereas HDL-cholesterol was increased after a LAR diet. Dopamine, adrenaline and noradrenaline content as well as dopamine-beta hydroxylase activity were augmented in adrenal glands of SHR fed a LAR diet. In spite of distinct biochemical alterations the genetically determined hypertension in rats could not be influenced by a long-lasting diet containing a high amount of LA which has been proved to be effective on lowering blood pressure in other hypertensive rat models. PMID- 7113556 TI - [Relation between the density and maturity of red blood cells in the perinatal period in the rat]. AB - Relations between 59Fe incorporation into red blood cells (rbc) and their density was examined in rats during ontogenesis (20th, 21st, 22nd gestational day, 1st, 21st day of life, adults). The incorporation of 59Fe in rbc of different density was measured 24 or 96 h after application. The density separation was carried out by centrifugation of rbc in phthalate esters of known density. The density of rbc increased during ontogenesis (median density 1.093 kg/l on the 20th gestational day and 1.102 kg/l in adult rats). The erythropoietic activity, in terms of 59Fe incorporation into peripheral rbc, is higher in newborn rats (60-70%) than in adults (30-50%). 59Fe incorporation into pregnant rats and their fetuses is similar to adult nonpregnant rats. In fetuses a relatively high incorporation of 59Fe was found in comparison to their mother. The relationship between density and maturity of rbc is postnatally more evident than in the prenatal period. (59Fe enrichment in cells of low density prenatally: 2.6 +/- 0.5, postnatally: 8.4 +/- 0.5 (1st day of life), 5.8 +/- 0.8 (21st day of life) 28.5 +/- 5.6 (adult male rats). These findings may reflect a simultaneous formation of rbc at different sites or different clonal origin during prenatal period of ontogenesis. PMID- 7113557 TI - [Effect of DL-tryptophan on photic evoked potentials and basic activity of the EEG]. AB - The effects of DL-tryptophan on photic evoked potentials (photic after discharges -PhNE, photic recruitment--PhR, photic evoked primary potential--PhEP) and basic activity of EEG were investigated in freely moving rats with chronically implanted electrodes in various areas of cortex. DL-tryptophan increased the number of PhNE potentials and particularly the number of NE potentials per answered lightflashes (NE/bLB). The effects depend on dosage of DL-tryptophan. The double impulse stimulation confirmed these results. The power spectral show an increased synchronization of the background EEG activity. The results are discussed in connection with local serotoninergic effects and influences on vigilance by 5-hydroxytryptamine. PMID- 7113558 TI - Anti-metrazol effects of nitrazepam during ontogenesis in the rat. AB - Anti-metrazol effect of nitrazepam was studied in male rats aged 7, 12, 18 and 90 days. Nitrazepam protected all age groups against seizures elicited by metrazol (80 mg/kg s.c.); the 50%-protective dose decreased from 165.7 micrograms/kg in adult rats to 70.2 micrograms/kg in 7-day-old animals. The sensitivity of 7-day old and adult rats to metrazol is nearly the same, so that we may conclude that nitrazepam exhibits higher anti-metrazol potency in 7-day-old rats than in adult ones. PMID- 7113560 TI - [Analysis of relationships between physiologic time series in various force loads]. AB - The described analysis of physiological time series gives an example of how the relations between such series can be computed. We had performed force-varied isometric hand-grip contractions. After testing the corresponding prerequisites we investigated the interrelations between the force-induced responses of heart rate, blood pressure, pulse-transit time and force. PMID- 7113561 TI - [Computed tomography in cancer of the esophagus. Preliminary report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7113559 TI - Microdetermination of glycoprotein amino sugars on the amino acid analyzer, using a short-time elutional mode. PMID- 7113563 TI - [Surgical treatment for esophageal neoplasms (author's transl)]. PMID- 7113564 TI - [Esocoloplasty for esophageal neoplasms (author's transl)]. PMID- 7113562 TI - [Treatment of peptic stenosis of the esophagus. Conservative techniques (author's transl)]. AB - Peptic stenosis of the esophagus is no longer considered as an irreversible lesion. It may stabilize or even regress if gastro-esophageal reflux is suppressed. The treatment of these stenoses during the last decade has been progressively oriented towards conservative techniques, the only ones capable of conferring the necessary low degree of complexity on this type of surgery. The authors report their experience between 1965 and 1980 on 151 operations. Resection was performed in 1/3 of the cases and the remainder were treated conservatively, by either thoracic or abdominal routes. The route of choice is abdominal. Peroperative dilatation of the stenosis is done with a finger or a bougie. The anti-reflux configuration is a Nissen type fundoplicatio when the cardia can be lowered in the abdomen. If the cardia cannot be lowered because of a shortening of the esophagus, the authors utilize a complete wrapping of the gastric cone since 1969. This technique has been used 45 times, often in old and weak patients who would have tolerated no other procedure. Mortality was zero. Long-term results are satisfactory and longlasting in 75% of the cases. Secondary dilatations are sometimes (18%) necessary, especially during the first postoperative year. In case of failure, it remains possible to perform another conservative operation through the thoracic route. No late-arising adenocarcinoma has been observed in the stenotic zone. PMID- 7113565 TI - [Experience of esophageal replacement by the colon in 60 patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7113566 TI - [The columnar lined esophagus is a pre-malignant lesion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7113567 TI - [Perforation of esophageal cancer (author's transl)]. AB - Perforation of an esophageal cancer can occur spontaneously or during radiotherapy. If the perforation is the first manifestation of the cancer, the diagnosis depends on X-ray and endoscopy. During radiotherapy, the intending perforation must be carefully watched for. We have treated two perforations appearing as first manifestation of the cancer and 3 developed during evolution, 2 of them during radiotherapy. Various treatments have been applied. In 2 cases, resection was possible, curative in one, palliative in the other. In the other 3 cases, retrosternal by-pass has allowed feeding and radiotherapy. Such a complication generally condemns the patient to a gastrostomy. However, a more aggressive surgical attitude can be adopted if the general status of the patient permits. An esophageal endo-prosthesis can also be used. PMID- 7113569 TI - [The laboratories of clinical biology in Belgium: evolution and status following the organization of mandatory external quality control]. PMID- 7113570 TI - Toxic shock syndrome in a menstruating woman : a case report and review. PMID- 7113568 TI - [Esophageal intramural bronchogenic cysts (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report two cases of bronchogenic cysts of the esophagus. The first description of an intramural double bronchogenic cyst of this organ is published. These cysts are uncommon and result from an aberrant cleavage of the primitive gut. They are characterized by the presence of a ciliated cylindric epithelium of the respiratory type, bordering the intern side of the tumor. The symptomatology is not specific. The diagnosis of benign tumor is based on the roentgenologic picture. The thoracotomy is necessary and the best treatment is enucleation of the tumor. PMID- 7113571 TI - Pseudomembranous colitis associated with oxacillin therapy. PMID- 7113572 TI - [Stages in therapeutic progress in hematology]. PMID- 7113573 TI - Scoring system for cytochemical betaglucuronidase activity in normal bone marrow plasmacells and myelomacells. PMID- 7113574 TI - [Superior vena cava obstruction syndrome]. PMID- 7113577 TI - Time: the fourth dimension in medicine. PMID- 7113576 TI - Testing for heart rate variation in diabetes: single or repeated deep breaths? AB - Heart rate variation during three periods of single deep breaths and three periods of repeated deep breathing at 6 breaths/min was compared in 14 normal and 40 diabetic subjects. There were no differences between the two methods in either normals or diabetics, but the coefficient of variation was significantly smaller using the repeated deep breaths method. When the 6 periods of breathing were analysed separately, no 'training' effect could be detected. The first breath of the repeated deep breaths consistently produced the largest heart rate variation in 29% of the normals and 17% of the diabetics. We conclude that there is no advantage in using the single deep breath method to assess cardiac parasympathetic function in diabetics over the currently used 6 repeated deep breaths/min. PMID- 7113575 TI - Chlorpropamide-alcohol flushing in non insulin-dependent diabetes: prevalence of small and large vessel disease and or risk factors for angiopathy. AB - One hundred and eight non insulin-dependent diabetics were tested for alcohol flushing after chlorpropamide administration (CPAF test). The overall prevalence of patients who flushed at the first challenge was 32%. However, nearly half of them still flushed after alcohol administration, when placebo was given instead of chlorpropamide, so that the prevalence of 'true' flushers was only 17%. Even though the distribution of retinal lesions was similar in 'true' flushers and in non flushers, severe loss of visual acuity was confined to the non flushers and aspecific flushers. The frequency of pathological ECG findings and of peripheral pulse reduction or abolition was significantly higher in the non flushers and aspecific flushers. Blood pressure, serum lipids and hemostatic parameters were similar in the two groups, and therefore do not explain the differences in prevalence of lesions. This study confirms the previous findings of a lower prevalence of large vessel lesions in flushers; however, the prevalence of 'true' CPAF phenomenon in our out-patient population appears to be much lower than previously reported. PMID- 7113578 TI - Blood sugar changes in diabetics after a test meal containing vegetables and olive oil. PMID- 7113579 TI - Diabetes mellitus: new classification. PMID- 7113580 TI - Induction of ovulation in immature female rats by a single injection of 4 hydroxyoestradiol-dibenzoate. AB - This study was designed to test the ability of 2- and 4-hydroxyoestrogens to induce ovulations and the formation of corpora lutea in immature female rats. To this end 25 day old animals received a single injection of different doses of either 4-hydroxyoestradiol-dibenzoate (10, 25, 50 micrograms) or 2 hydroxyoestradiol-dibenzoate (25, 250 micrograms) or oestradiol-benzoate (10, 25, 60 micrograms). On day 31 the ovaries were checked for corpora lutea. 4 Hydroxyoestradiol-dibenzoate and oestradiol-benzoate in doses of 50 or 25 micrograms significantly increased the number of animals with corpora lutea whereas animals treated with 10 micrograms of either steroid did not differ significantly fron the respective vehicle groups. 2-Hydroxyoestradiol-dibenzoate, even at the high dose of 250 micrograms did not show a significant effect. This is the first demonstration that a catecholoestrogen - 4-hydroxyoestradiol - can induce ovulation. As its potency in doing so is similar to that of oestradiol and as 4-hydroxyoestradiol can be formed in neuroendocrine tissues from primary oestrogens, we conclude that this catecholoestrogen might play a role in the regulation of ovulation. PMID- 7113581 TI - Alteration of free hCG subunits secretions in ectopic pregnancy. PMID- 7113583 TI - Urinary free and conjugated oestrone and oestradiol-17 beta in early infancy. AB - Conjugated and free urinary oestrone and oestradiol-17 beta were determined by radioimmunoassay in 98 urine samples of 44 normal male and female infants ranging from 7 days to 2 years of age. Both sexes excreted significantly more oestrone and oestradiol-17 beta during the first 3 months of life compared to the end of the first year. Values peaked at the beginning of the second month. During the first 7 months of life, female infants excreted significantly more conjugated oestradiol-17 beta than oestrone, whereas male infants consistently excreted equal amounts of conjugated oestradiol-17 beta and oestrone. However, both sexes excreted significantly more free unconjugated oestrone than oestradiol-17 beta during the same period. PMID- 7113582 TI - The 'boar taint' steroid 5 alpha-androst-16-en-3-one: an immunisation trial. PMID- 7113584 TI - Progestin receptors in prolactin and growth hormone producing tumours in rats. AB - Progesterone and corticosterone have a similar effect on the production of growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (Prl) by pituitary tumour cells (GH3 cells) in culture. Previously we have shown that progesterone has a high affinity for the glucocorticoid receptors in these cells. Progesterone may therefore exert its effects through binding to the glucocorticoid receptor. The aim of the present study was to investigate if the GH3 tumour cells and an oestrogen induced pituitary tumours, which also produce GH and Prl, possess specific receptors for progesterone. Both the GH3 tumours and the oestrogen induced pituitary tumour were in fact found to possess cytoplasmatic receptor molecules for progesterone by using the potent progestin R5020 as a marker. Isoelectric focusing revealed one binding component (pH 5.9), which was of protein nature. The binding was of high affinity (KD 2 X 10(-9) mol/l). In the oestrogen induced tumour, the maximal binding was 70 fmol/mg cytosol protein. In female rats with GH3 tumours the binding was 55 fmol/mg cytosol protein. Priming of the animals with 1 mg oestradiol-valerate increased the binding to 116 fmol/mg cytosol protein, whereas very little binding was found in GH3 tumours from rats castrated 7 days before sacrifice. The receptors in the oestrogen induced pituitary tumour and the GH3 tumours exhibited high affinity for R5020 and progesterone, whereas corticosterone had no significant affinity for the receptors. Using exchange assay, it was demonstrated that the cytoplasmic progestin receptors could be translocated to the nucleus after administration of progesterone to the animals. Thus, the presence of specific progesterone receptors, different from the glucocorticoid receptors, strongly indicates that athe effects of progesterone on GH and Prl production are mediated through the progesterone receptors. PMID- 7113586 TI - Experimental conditions leading to a low degree of thyroglobulin iodination without loss in coupling efficiency. AB - The hormone content of in vitro iodinated thyroglobulin is a constant fraction of the iodine content of the protein under most, but not all, experimental conditions. In contrast, in vivo iodinated human thyroglobulin may contain as little as 10% or as much as 50% of its total iodine in the T4 molecules. Surprisingly, in some poorly iodinated thyroglobulins up to 30% of the iodine may be found in T4. The mechanism of the apparent dissociation between iodination and coupling efficiency (i.e. percentage of total iodine present as iodothyronines) may be dilution of pre-existing high iodinated thyroglobulin stores by non iodinated prethyroglobulin. This hypothesis was tested by feeding rate PTU and KClo4 for 9 days and injecting T4 during the last 2 days. Thyroglobulin iodination dropped from 0.9 ot 0.13% but the coupling efficiency remained unchanged at 25.7 and 23.9%. The exchange of highly iodinated thyroglobulin molecules for non-iodinated ones is one of the two in vivo mechanisms suggested so far which can lead to an apparent dissociation of thyroglobulin iodination and coupling efficiency. PMID- 7113585 TI - The incidence of occult thyroid disease associated with thyroid antibodies identified on routine autoantibody screening. AB - The presence of thyroid microsomal and/or thyroglobulin antibodies has been recorded over a 2 year period of 15 000 consecutive autoimmune profile request. Where there had been no initial clinical suspicion of thyroid diseases, 332 requests showed positive thyroid antibodies, and of these 63 (19%) had abnormal in vitro thyroid function tests (TFT). No differences were observed between the abnormal and normal groups with respect to the presence of different autoantibodies or to the age and sex distributions. Of these subjects with clinically unsuspected hypothyroidism but with abnormal TFTs, 29% were commenced on thyroxine therapy and experienced a symptomatic improvement, 25% remain well on no therapy and 9% continue on no treatment but with symptoms possibly attributable to hypothyroidism. 3% became clinically hypothyroid during a follow up period of 2 years. 5% died of unrelated causes and there was inadequate follow up information on the remainder. This study provides further confirmation that when thyroid antibodies, and in particular thyroid microsomal antibody, are found unexpectedly, a significant proportion of patients will have biochemical evidence of hypothyroidism and may benefit from appropriate treatment. PMID- 7113587 TI - Simultaneous perfusion of [4-14C]oestriol and [6,9-3H2]oestriol 16 alpha monoglucuronide through the isolated rat liver. I. Qualitative aspects. AB - Equimolar concentrations of [4-14C]oestriol and [6,9-3H]oestriol 16 alpha monoglucuronide were simultaneously perfused through isolated rat livers. Oestriol was hydroxylated to 2-hydroxyoestriol and 6 xi-hydroxyoestriol; 2 hydroxyoestriol was further methylated to 2-methoxyoestriol. Oxidoreduction of oestriol led to the formation of 16 alpha-hydroxyoestrone, 16-0xooestradio-17 beta and 16-epioestriol. In addition, two dehydroxylation products, namely oestrone and oestradiol-17 beta were found. The metabolites formed from oestriol were partly conjugated to monoglucuronides, monosulphates and sulphoglucuronides. About 80% of the oestriol perfused was hydroxylated at C-atom 2. Most of the 2 hydroxyoestriol formed was either methylated (about 37%) or sulphated (about 55%). Only small amounts (less than 2%) of the catecholoestrogens formed were methylated as well as sulphated. The 2-hydroxyoestriol monosulphates accumulated in the liver. After their conjugation with glucuronic acid, the double conjugates formed were immediately excreted into the bile. In fact, 2-hydroxyoestriol 16 alpha-monoglucuronide 2(3?)-monosulphate comprised by far the main biliary metabolite of [4-14C]oestriol, followed by oestriol 16 alpha-monoglucuronide and 2-methoxyoestriol 16 alpha-monoglucuronide. No triated sulphoglucuronides were detected, thus indicating that the monosulphates are the immediate precursors of the double conjugates. [6,9-3H2]Oestriol 16 alpha-monoglucuronide was metabolised only to a small extent. After its uptake into the liver more than 90% of this conjugate was secreted unchanged into the bile. The remaining part was hydrolysed; the oestriol liberated followed the same metabolic reactions as those found for [4-14C]oestriol. This indicates that the 16 alpha-glucuronide of oestriol is not metabolised to any appreciable extent. PMID- 7113588 TI - Hypothalamic and pituitary cytosol receptors to 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and oestradiol-17 beta during the prepubertal period in the male lamb. AB - Hypothalamic and pituitary cytosol receptors to 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and oestradiol-17 beta (E2) were measured in the male lamb from 9 to 120 days of age, 24 h after castration. Concentrations of pituitary receptors did not change with age, but the total number of receptors and the pituitary weight showed a parallel increase (P less than 0.001). Conversely, there were no marked changes in the total number of hypothalamic receptors but this number was high as early as 9 days of age, 42.4 and 80.0 fmol/hypothalamus for DHT and E2, respectively. These data suggest that the number of hypothalamic and pituitary cytosol receptors to DHT and E2, is not a critical parameter in the succession of events which precedes puberty. PMID- 7113589 TI - Catecholamine turnover in the brain and the regulation of luteinizing hormone and corticosterone in starved male rats. AB - The effect of starvation was studied in male Wistar rats. After only 2 days of food deprivation, LH concentrations in serum are greatly suppressed, while a significant increase in plasma corticosterone occurs after 5 days' starvation. The noradrenaline and dopamine turnover in the basal hypothalamus is decreased after 2 days. The catecholamine turnover is also reduced in the preoptic area, and in the median eminence. Injection of the catecholamine precursor L-dopa (100 mg/kg) can prevent the increase of plasma corticosterone, but not the decrease of LH. The alpha-agonist clonidine (150 micrograms/kg), but neither the beta-agonist salbutamol (0.5 mg/kg), nor the dopamine agonist apomorphine (1.0 mg/kg) can prevent the starvation induced corticosterone increase. The decrease of plasma LH is not influenced by the dopamine or noradrenaline agonists. From these data, it appears that a decreased activity of noradrenergic neurons may be responsible for the corticosterone increase in the plasma of starved rats. PMID- 7113590 TI - Pituitary prolactinoma, adrenal aldosterone-producing adenomas, gastric schwannoma and colonic polyadenomas: a possible variant of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type I. AB - A large pituitary prolactinoma was found in a mentally deficient 45 year old woman presenting with amenorrhoea, galactorrhoea, headache, anaemia and hypertension, and removed surgically. She was subsequently found to have multiple adrenal aldosterone-producing adenomas, a gastric schwannoma and colonic polyadenomas. All these tumors were also removed surgically. Despite the absence of parathyroid and islet-cell hyperplasia, this case seems to be a variant of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type I. PMID- 7113592 TI - Vasopressin in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus and benign intracranial hypertension. AB - We have studied plasma and cerebrospinal fluid vasopressin (CSF-AVP) and osmolality in 28 patients with cervical or lumbar pain syndromes (control patients), 11 patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) and in 5 patients with benign intracranial hypertension (BIH). Vasopressin concentration in lumbar CSF to a high extent reflected the actual ventricular CSF-AVP concentration. In all groups CSF-AVP was lower than plasma AVP. Mean CSF-AVP in the control group was 1.3 pg/ml +/- 0.1 (SEM). In the NPH patients, who all suffered from severe dementia, CSF-AVP level was not different from that found in the control group (1.4 pg/ml +/- 0.2). In contrast to the findings in the two other groups CSF osmolality in BIH patients was higher than plasma osmolality (P less than 0.0). CSF-AVP in the BIH patients, characterized by an elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), was higher than in the control group (2.7 pg/ml +/- 0.4, P less than 0.001). PMID- 7113591 TI - Effects of glucocorticoid on body growth and serum levels of somatomedin A in the rat. AB - Serum levels of somatomedin A, as measured by radioreceptor assay, and body weight gain were 86.5 +/- 9.2% and 166.9 +/- 7.8% (N = 5) of the initial values, respectively, after 18 days administration of 2.5 mg cortisone acetate (CA). These values were significantly lower than those for saline treated rats (P less than 0.005). Reduced serum somatomedin A and body growth rate were partially restored after halting the injection of CA. Combined administration of daily doses of 100 micrograms hGH with CA did not prevent the decrease in somatomedin activity in treated rats. This observation suggests that GH plays a minor (or no) role in the fall of serum somatomedin A in CA-treated rats. From these data we conclude that glucocorticoids reduce serum somatomedin by inhibiting the effect of GH on the generation of somatomedin. PMID- 7113593 TI - The influence of vasopressin on oxytocin-induced changes in urine flow in the male rat. AB - Oxytocin administration in rat infused with hypotonic saline is associated with a saliuresis and altered renal water excretion. The role of vasopressin in determining the pattern of oxytocin-induced changes in urine flow was investigated in Long Evans and vasopressin-deficient Brattleboro rats, which exhibit contrasting diuretic and antidiuretic responses to oxytocin. Ethanol anaesthesia and water loading in Long Evans suppressed plasma vasopressin levels and was associated with an antidiuretic response to oxytocin. Vasopressin administration in the Brattleboro rat reversed the oxytocin-induced antidiuresis normally observed in vasopressin deficiency. These results taken with previous observations, have been interpreted as indicative that oxytocin acts as a weak agonist at the renal vasopressin receptor. When plasma vasopressin is suppressed or absent oxytocin acts as a weak antidiuretic agent, but in the presence of higher vasopressin levels a diuretic response to oxytocin is seen which follows displacement of vasopressin, the more potent antidiuretic agent, from the renal receptor. PMID- 7113595 TI - Simultaneous perfusion of [4-14C]oestriol and [6,9-3H2]oestriol 16 alpha monoglucuronide through the isolated rat liver. II. Kinetic aspects. AB - The uptake of [4-14C]oestriol by the isolated perfused rat liver is 3.8 times faster as compared to that of simultaneously perfused [6,9-3H2]oestriol 16 alpha monoglucuronide. During perfusion the concentration of both radioactive oestrogens decreased exponentially in perfusion medium (apparent kel: 0.061 min-1 and 0.016 min-1, respectively). [6,9-3H2]Oestriol 16 alpha-monoglucuronide was metabolized only to a small extent; more than 92% was secreted unchanged into the bile where it was highly concentrated (1800 nmol/g). In contrast [4-14C]oestriol was extensively metabolized; it was mainly hydroxylated at C-atom 2, leading to a rapid increase in the concentration of 2-hydroxyoestriol in the perfused medium. This metabolite was quickly taken up by the liver during recirculation and subsequently either methylated or sulphated. 2-Hydroxyoestriol monosulphate was glucuronated to 2-hydroxyoestriol 16 alpha-monoglucuronide 3-sulphate, which was rapidly excreted into the bile. No double conjugate was formed when [6,9 3H2]oestriol 16 alpha-monoglucuronide was perfused; this is additional evidence for the correctness of the assumption that monoglucuronides cannot serve as precursors of sulphoglucuronides. PMID- 7113594 TI - Further evidence for calcitonin gene duplication: the identification of two different calcitonins in a fish, a reptile and two mammals. AB - In order to investigate the possibility of the simultaneous expression of two different calcitonin genes during evolution, we studied the nature of calcitonin in: eel pericardium, salamander branchial region, rat thyroid, ox thyroid, medullary carcinoma of the human thyroid and human thyrotoxic goitre. Sensitive and specific RIAs for human calcitonin (hCT) and salmon calcitonin (sCT) were used in combination with high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). We found that two different immunoreactive calcitonins resembling hCT and sCT exist in eels, salamanders and rats. The major form is i-sCT-like in eels and salamanders, while it is i-hCT-like in rats. Extracts of ox thyroid contained, in addition to the major artiodactyl-CT, an i-hCT-like material. The various human thyroid extracts studied, contained i-hCT but no i-sCT-like material. This study demonstrates the simultaneous expression of two different calcitonin genes in several species. Taken with the presence of molecules resembling sCT and hCT in birds, this further evidence is consistent with duplication of the calcitonin gene early in vertebrate evolution. PMID- 7113596 TI - Pattern of plasma progesterone, oestradiol-17 beta, luteinizing hormone and androgen in non-pregnant buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). AB - Domestic buffaloes were used to characterize the pattern of progesterone, oestradiol-17 beta, LH and androgen in the systemic circulation following infertile insemination. Concentrations of hormones were measured by RIA in blood samples collected daily or at alternate days following insemination. The concentration of progesterone was lowest on the day of insemination, and increased significantly to a peak level of 4.00 +/- 0.60 ng/ml by day 13 post insemination. After day 17, it declined significantly (P less than 0.01) to reach low levels by day 21. The concentration of oestradiol 17-beta was high at the time of insemination and declined significantly (P less than 0.01) by day 2 after insemination. It was maintained around the basal level till day 18 with minor peaks in between this period. It again rose significantly (P less than 0.01) at subsequent oestrus. The mean level of LH was highest at the time of insemination, and declined significantly (P less than 0.01) by day 1 post insemination. It did not vary appreciably till the animal returned to oestrus. The oestrous value of LH and progesterone were negatively correlated (r = -0.77). The androgen level was observed to be high at insemination in 3 out of 5 animals, but the overall pattern of this steroid was inconsistent during the period studied. A high concentration of androgen was recorded in all the animals from day 2--5 before the onset of oestrus. PMID- 7113598 TI - Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in amniotic fluid and foeto-placental membranes from the guinea pig. AB - Testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in the amniotic fluid (AF) and foeto-placental membranes (FPM) (yolk-sac + amnion) from 180 male and female guinea-pig foetuses were determined by radioimmunoassay on days 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 52, 56, 60, 64 of gestation. In male foetus the evolution of androgens in the fluid is characterized by two sharp rises, the former at the time of sexual differentiation on day 32 (T = 219.1 +/- 39.1 and DHT = 74.7 +/- 10.0 fmol/ml) the latter, which affects only DHT, on day 52 (DHT = 68.5 +/- 10.3 fmol/ml). In female foetus, AF T concentrations (mean = 36.3 fmol/ml) are comparable to the lowest T concentrations observed in male, while DHT concentrations (less than 2.5 fmol/ml), are significantly lower than those observed in the male (mean = 28.9 fmol/ml) and without any overlap in the values. Thus, in guinea pig, DHT, but not testosterone allows to predict accurately the foetal sex at any stage studied. Testosterone and DHT are also present in FPM and their concentrations were comparable for male and female foetuses in most stages, values varying between 400 and 1600 fmol/g of tissue with a light predominance of DHT compared with T; in both sexes, general evolution of androgens is marked by a rapid drop between days 28 and 44 followed by a significant increase between days 44 and 64. Possible origins of androgens in AF and FMP are discussed. PMID- 7113597 TI - Plasma prolactin concentrations during conception and the first ten weeks of human pregnancy. AB - Plasma prolactin concentrations were measured daily throughout 20 cycles in which conception occurred and for several weeks during early pregnancy. Thirteen of the pregnancies were 'spontaneous' (i.e. without exogenous pharmacological stimulation) and 7 occurred during either clomiphene or bromocriptine treatment. Prolactin concentrations were fairly stable throughout the conception cycles until shortly after the time of the first missed menses. From this time concentrations rose gradually to reach a mean concentration of 1250 mU/l 60 days after ovulation. However, there were marked fluctuations from day to day within individuals and considerable variation in the magnitude of the prolactin rise between subjects. Three subjects were mildly hyperprolactinaemic and although prolactin levels remained slightly elevated throughout the study period, this did not affect the outcome of pregnancies. PMID- 7113600 TI - Instant growth inhibition by low dose oestrogens in excessively tall boys. PMID- 7113599 TI - Enhancement of gonadotrophin induced 17,20-lyase suppression one week after human chorionic gonadotrophin priming. AB - A single injection of 1500 IU of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) in normal men, induced a block in the conversion of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) to testosterone (T) which reached its maximum 24 h after hCG loading. One week after hCG administration both basal 17-OHP (3.8 +/- 0.6 vs 5.1 +/- 0.5 nmol/l, P less than 0.02) and T levels (15.1 +/- 1.7 vs 18.5 +/- 2.3 nmol/l, P less than 0.05) were about 20% lower than before hCG exposure. The ratio 17-OHP to T (0.29 +/- 0.04 vs 0.31 +/- 0.04, P greater than 0.10) was however similar, suggesting recovery from the prior 17,20-lyase suppression at a lower overall capacity of T synthesis. hCG administration one week after the priming dose elicited an increase in the ratio 17-OHP to T, which was about twice as high as after the first hCG injection. Together the data suggest: 1) suppression of testicular steroidogenesis proximal to 17-OHP one week after hCG priming, 2) enhanced hCG induced 17,20-lyase suppression one week after hCG exposure. PMID- 7113601 TI - Spontaneous development of hyperprolactinaemia. AB - Spontaneous development of hyperprolactinaemia was investigated by measuring prolactin levels in 34 hyperprolactinaemic females with a normal sella turcica, in 19 females with a radiologically proven prolactinoma, and in 19 females with a histologically proven prolactinoma after transsphenoidal surgery. Prolactin levels remained unchanged or declined in 69 patients followed over a period of up to 6 years. In one patient with a normal sella turcica, prolactin levels increased accompanied by the development of a radiologically detectable microprolactinoma. In one patient with a radiologically proven macroprolactinoma the increase of human prolactin (hPrl) levels was accompanied by infiltrative and parasellar prolactinoma growth. One patient showed a dramatic increase of post operative persisting elevated hPrl levels without radiological changes. These findings suggest that prolactinomas in general have a limited growth potential which should be considered in the management of hyperprolactinaemic patients. PMID- 7113602 TI - Influence of pregnancies on prolactinomas. AB - Hyperprolactinaemic patients desiring pregnancy with a normal sella turcica or radiological evidence for a microprolactinoma without suprasellar extension were treated with bromocriptine. Females desiring pregnancy with large adenomas or suprasellar extension were treated by transsphenoidal surgery and in most instances post-operatively with bromocriptine. This differentiated management allowed the outcome of 65 pregnancies with delivery at term without complications related to the sella turcica. Considerable variations of prolactin levels during pregnancy suggesting different oestrogen sensitivity of the prolactinoma cells were encountered. However, a rapid fall of the prolactin levels in 60 patients after termination of pregnancy indicated that oestrogen stimulation does not cause persisting growth of the adenoma. In contrast, in 10% of pregnancies of hyperprolactinaemic patients a reduction of the prolactin levels has been observed leading to spontaneous ovulatory cycles in 5 patients. PMID- 7113603 TI - Hyperprolactinaemia and breast disease as evaluated by xeromammography. AB - This report compares the xeromammographic patterns of 35 patients with hyperprolactinaemia and 70 (age-matched) normoprolactinaemic controls. It is shown that nulliparous patients have less frequent mammary dysplasia and more patterns of involution than the nulliparous controls. The groups of parous patients and parous controls were similar to each other and both had more involutions and less dysplasia than the nulliparous controls. Hyperprolactinaemia in parous women is not associated with any changes in the xeromammographic breast patterns as compared to parous controls. The changes described in hyperprolactinaemic patients can be understood in terms of their low oestrogenic activity. PMID- 7113604 TI - The incidence and pathogenesis of hyperlipidaemia in 16 consecutive acromegalic patients. AB - Serum lipids were analyzed in 16 patients with active acromegaly. Of these 62.5% had hyperlipidaemia defined as exceeding and 90% fiducial limits of normal controls. The mean serum cholesterol (5.50 mmol/l) and triglyceride (4.09 mmol/l) levels of the patients were significantly higher than those of age-matched normal controls. Type V hyperlipoproteinaemia was observed in two cases and type III hyperlipoproteinaemia in one. There was no difference in the incidence of diabetes between the normolipidaemic (n = 6) and hyperlipidaemic (n = 10) groups. Serum levels of growth hormone in hypercholestelaemic patients (n = 3) were significantly higher than those of normolipidaemic patients and combined hyperlipidaemic patients (n = 5 tended to have higher levels of growth hormone than normolipidaemic patients. In cases developing type III or type V hyperlipoproteinaemia, the activity of hepatic triglyceride lipase of lipoprotien lipase was decreased, but in increased when serum GH levels fell after therapy for acromegaly. It is suggested that 1) growth hormone may play some role on the pathogenesis of hyperlipidaemia associated with acromegaly, and 2) growth hormone has an inhibitory effect on H-TGL and LPL, and so hyperlipoproteinaemia in some cases of acromegaly might be caused by low H-TGL or LPL activity resulting from high growth hormone levels. PMID- 7113605 TI - The effect of starvation and refeeding with oral versus intravenous glucose on serum 3,5-,3,3'-and 3'-5'-diiodothyronine and 3'-monoiodothyronine. AB - The effect of complete fasting on the serum concentrations of the iodothyronines 3,5-diiodothyronine (3,5-T2), 3,3'T2, 3', 5'-T2 and 3'-monoiodothyronine (3'-T1) was evaluated. Fourteen obese women underwent a complete fasting for 4 days. Caloric restriction resulted in the following serum hormone levels (before vs 3. day): T4: 103 vs 109 nmol/l (NS), T3: 1.83 vs 1.24 nmol/l (p less than 0.01), rT3: 0.276 vs 0.407 nmol/l (P less than 0.01), 3.5-T2: 70 pmol/l (NS), 3.3'-T2: 42 vs 39 pmol/l (p less than 0.01), 3',5'-T2: 63 vs 93 pmol/l (P less than 0.01), and 3'-T1 60 vs 116 pmol/l (P less than 0.01). All subjects were refed with 200 g (800 kcal, 3350 kJ) d-glucose per day in divided doses for 2 days. Refeeding tended to normalize the changed iodothyronine concentrations and there was no difference whether the glucose was administered by the oral (n = 7) or the intravenous route. In can be concluded that starvation in man is accompanied by profound changes in peripheral metabolism of the T2's and 3'T1. There seems to be no qualitative difference of the effect on the thyroid hormone metabolism of d glucose administered by the oral or the intravenous route. PMID- 7113606 TI - The presence of a high concentration of thyroxine in thyroid epithelial cells. AB - Swine thyroid epithelial cells were isolated and the intracellular concentration of thyroxine was measured by radioimmunoassay and high pressure liquid chromatography. The estimated concentrations of intracellular thyroxine were 1.89 X 10(-8) micrograms/cell by radioimmunoassay, and 0.708 X 10(-8) micrograms/cell by high pressure liquid chromatography, which were equivalent to 4.39 X 10(-5) M and 1.78 X 10(-5) M, respectively. These levels were about a thousand-fold higher than that in the circulation (3.18 +/- 0.59 microgram/dl, 3.98 X 10(-8) M). PMID- 7113608 TI - Life span of mRNA in human myeloma cells. A study based on ultrastructural quantitative analysis of polysomes. PMID- 7113607 TI - Oestrogen and progesterone receptors in the involuting rat uterus. AB - The concentrations of cytoplasmic oestrogen and progesterone receptors were measured in rat myometrium during the post partum involution of the uterus. The concentration of the oestrogen receptor declined within 24 h post partum to about 20% of the value at delivery. A slight rise in the concentration occurred during the subsequent 24 h. The concentration of the progesterone receptor remained nearly constant the first day after delivery. Thereafter it decreased just as the concentration of the oestrogen receptor had fallen one day before. The results suggest that the post partum levels of oestrogen and progesterone receptors are regulated by the same mechanisms as those known for the non-pregnant state. PMID- 7113609 TI - Effect of protease on blood group Bm erythrocytes. PMID- 7113610 TI - Reduced amounts of platelet 5-hydroxytryptamine in myeloproliferative disorders. PMID- 7113611 TI - Changes in volume and morphology of erythrocytes in NH4Cl-, NH4HCO3-mediated hemolysis. PMID- 7113612 TI - The contribution of saponin hemolysis in observing membrane properties of erythrocytes. PMID- 7113613 TI - Hemoglobin screening in Tokyo using electrophoresis and isopropanol test. PMID- 7113614 TI - Latent oxidative damage to erythrocytes and Heinz body formation in vitro: a study of an acetophenetidin abuser. PMID- 7113615 TI - Myeloid and megakaryocytic precursors in the bone marrow and spleen in altered erythropoiesis. PMID- 7113616 TI - Effect of anti-lymphocyte serum on hydroxyurea-induced lymphoid bone marrow, CFU S and its hemopoietic regeneration. PMID- 7113617 TI - alpha-Naphthyl acetate esterase zymogram in leukemic cells. PMID- 7113619 TI - A report on the AANA Manpower Study--Part I. AB - Future reports to be released by the Center for Cybernetic Studies will present the occupational structure of the nurse anesthetist and will combine demographic data with a task analysis of the profession. This report has selected some variables of interest and analyzed them. Most important, however, is the intended flexibility that this data based information system should offer. For example, human resource modeling will forecast the number of nurse anesthetists who remain in or leave a given region. This modeling capability could aid schools of anesthesia in their curriculum planning by showing which tasks are predominant in a given location. It could also aid members by providing pertinent employment information. Future reports will present a scenario to exemplify how a data based information system can derive a series of human resource models. The purpose of such an exercise is to develop for the AANA the planning methods some of the larger corporations are already utilizing. The difference, of course, is that these planning methods could be used by the professional association of nurse anesthetists for the advantage of its members. This article has presented a short review of the Manpower Study. We welcome your ideas and suggestions to aid us in making future analyses of this information. PMID- 7113618 TI - Plasma cell dyscrasia associated with agranulocytosis. PMID- 7113621 TI - Motivation and the activation process. PMID- 7113620 TI - Anesthesia and the neurosurgical patient: part II--neuroradiologic procedures. PMID- 7113622 TI - Legal briefs: malpractice: a new standard of care? PMID- 7113625 TI - The use of epidural analgesia for delivery in a patient with pulmonary hypertension. AB - In a patients with severe pulmonary hypertension, haemodynamic observations, including cardiac output and pressure measurement in the systemic and the pulmonary circulation, were performed during vaginal delivery under selective segmental epidural block from T9 to L1 combined with bilateral pudendal blocks. No hypotensive episodes were observed in connection with the epidural block, but a gradual increase in the pulmonary pressures was observed during the stages of delivery. After perineal analgesia was achieved with bilateral pudendal blocks, a 2100 g girl with an Apgar score of 9 at 1 min was delivered by vacuum extraction. The patient died 9 days after the delivery because of intractable cardiac failure. PMID- 7113624 TI - The effects of high dose methylprednisolone or fluid volume expansion on cerebral haemodynamics and oxygen uptake in endotoxic shock. An experimental study in dogs. AB - E coli endotoxin has been shown to decrease cerebral blood flow (CBF) and increase cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) in normocapnic dogs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different clinical treatments on the cerebral and central circulation already under the influence of endotoxin. Thus the animals were treated with either methylprednisolone or a lactated Ringer's solution. CBF, CMRO2 and intracranial pressure were followed. Central haemodynamic parameters, i.e. cardiac output, aortic pressure and pulmonary artery pressure, were also measured. Five dogs were given methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) 30 mg/kg 90 min after the endotoxin injection. Following this drug there were no significant changes in CBF when compared to controls. The primarily increased CMRO2 did, however, show a transient decrease. Five animals were treated with a lactated Ringer's solution. (Ringerdex), 30 mg/kg, given intravenously over 20 min starting 90 min after the endotoxin injection. In these animals, the cardiac output as well as CMRO2 returned to the values before endotoxin. CBF did not increase significantly. PMID- 7113623 TI - AANA Journal Course. 2. Cardiovascular system. The anesthetic management of the patient: a focus on myocardial infarction. AB - Although it is important to note the cardiovascular effects of the various anesthetic agents, the anesthetist should use the anesthetic agent with which he or she is most familiar and with which it is felt that the best control of cardiovascular parameters can be maintained. It should be remembered that the effects of all drugs are dependent upon the milieu into which the drug is given. Expected effects may be altered because of the patient's cardiac and/or related pathophysiology. It is important that the anesthetist give attention to all parameters so that oxygen supply is always equal to or greater than cardiac oxygen demand. In this manner, anesthesia may most safely be conducted for patients with compromised coronary circulation. PMID- 7113626 TI - Anesthetic techniques and surgical blood loss in total hip arthroplasty. AB - Blood loss during total hip arthroplasty and the relation of different anesthetic techniques to surgical bleeding was explored in a consecutive, prospective study involving 157 patients with no previous history of hip surgery. Intraoperative blood loss was significantly reduced in patients operated under sodium nitroprusside induced hypotensive anesthesia as compared to halothane, NLA or epidural block. It might be suspected that postoperative blood loss is increased when the lowered blood pressure is raised towards normotension, but this was not the case. However, regression analysis between mean arterial pressure and intraoperative blood loss in patients anesthetized with hypotensive as well as "normotensive" techniques showed a poor correlation. Blood loss was greater with NLA and halothane anesthesia than with epidural block. The authors consider controlled hypotension a useful adjuvant in anesthesia for total hip arthroplasty in selected patients. Epidural block, on the other hand, is a suitable anesthetic technique for most patients and has the additional advantage of reduced surgical bleeding as compared to general anesthesia. PMID- 7113627 TI - Autoregulation of myocardial blood flow under controlled hypotension in the dog. AB - The autoregulation of myocardial blood flow was studied under: (a) haemorrhagic hypotension (mean pressure decrease 40% from baseline); (b) drug-induced hypotension with sodium nitroprusside or trimetaphan (40% pressure decrease); (c) drug-induced hypotension (40% pressure decrease) after moderate blood loss of 20%. Dogs were used in experiments under general anaesthesia with sodium thiopentone and artificially ventilated with N2O/O2 (70%, 30%) and pancuronium. Under haemorrhagic hypotension, the flow was pressure-dependent from the beginning. During nitroprusside hypotension, there was autoregulation of coronary flow to the level of mean pressure decrease 30% from control. Under trimetaphan, a constant flow persisted to the level of mean pressure decrease 20% from the baseline. Identical changes were seen during drug-induced hypotension after moderate blood loss (20%). Central venous pressure, cardiac output, left ventricular stroke work and minute work changes are demonstrated. Blood gas data pH, PO2, PCO2 in the aortic and coronary sinus under drug-induced hypotension are compared with control groups. There is a level of autoregulation of myocardial blood flow under hypotension. This level can be unfavourably changed in cases with hypertension and coronary obstructive diseases. PMID- 7113629 TI - Attenuation of the circulatory response to laryngoscopy and intubation by fentanyl. AB - The effects of fentanyl on arterial pressure and heart rate increases during laryngoscopy and intubation were studied in 45 normotensive, surgical patients, who were randomly allocated to three groups receiving 2 or 6 micrograms/kg of fentanyl or saline in a double-blind fashion before anaesthetic induction with thiopental. Fentanyl supplementation with 2 micrograms/kg significantly attenuated the arterial pressure and heart rate increases during laryngoscopy and intubation, and fentanyl, 6 micrograms/kg, completely abolished these responses. Moreover, fentanyl given during the induction decreased the amount of fentanyl needed during the operation. Respiratory depression was not observed during recovery. PMID- 7113628 TI - Cardiovascular effects of etomidate used for induction and in combination with fentanyl-pancuronium for maintenance of anaesthesia in patients with valvular heart disease. AB - The effects of induction of anaesthesia by etomidate 3 mg kg-1 followed by continuous infusion of etomidate 2 mg min-1, fentanyl 0.01 mg.kg-1 and pancuronium 0.1 mg.kg-1 were studied in ten patients with valvular heart disease. No haemodynamic changes were seen injection of etomidate, but after fentanyl was given there was a significant decline in cardiac index (10%), in mean arterial systemic pressure (20%), in systemic vascular resistance (14%), in left ventricular minute work index (27%) and in right ventricular minute work index (21%) compared to the control values. After supplementing with pancuronium, no further significant changes were seen. There was no significant change in the pulmonary vascular resistance during the whole study. In conclusion, it appears that etomidate is a safe intravenous agent, and is worth further study, in particular in patients with minimal cardiac reserve requiring high inspired oxygen tension. PMID- 7113630 TI - Hemodynamic effects of massive doses of dexamethasone in controlled hypovolemic shock in the dog. AB - The hemodynamic effects of massive doses of dexamethasone in combination with the alpha-adrenergic blocking agent phenoxybenzamine were studied in dogs subjected to hemorrhagic hypotension. Previously it has been shown that the glucocorticoid methylprednisolone, but not the glucocorticoid betamethasone, induces a pronounced vasodilation in combination with phenoxybenzamine. In the present study it was found that also dexamethasone (a stereoisomer of betamethasone) is unable to increase the peripheral blood flow after phenoxybenzamine. Since equivalent doses were used in relation to glucocorticoid activity, it seems reasonable to conclude that the different hemodynamic patterns are unrelated to the glucocorticoid ability of the drugs. Furthermore, it is unlikely that possible beneficial effects of dexamethasone in hypovolemic shock are due to a direct vascular influence. PMID- 7113631 TI - Effect of tubocurarine on human soleus and gastrocnemius muscles. AB - The effect of a bolus injection of tubocurarine (0.1-0.13 mg X kg-1 i.v.) was followed in six young male subjects by registration of the rectified smoothed electromyogram (rsEMG) from the m. soleus (71 +/- 5.1 (s.e. mean) % slow twitch muscle fibers) and from the m. gastrocnemius (54 +/- 3.1% slow twitch muscle fibers). Volitional muscle strength was recorded in isometric plantar flexions with the knee fully (0 degrees) extended where m. soleus and m. gastrocnemius both are active, and with the knee bent 90 degrees where m. soleus is dominating force development. During maximal action of the drug, the rsEMG from the soleus muscle was reduced to 30 +/- 4.0% of the control value, while the rsEMG from the gastrocnemius muscle was reduced to 53 +/- 5.2% (P less than 0.01). Muscle strength with the knee extended showed 53 +/- 7.5% force left, while 44 +/- 6.4% of the muscle strength remained when the knee was bent (P less than 0.01). The results suggest that tubocurarine affects human muscles in proportion to their slow twitch muscle fiber content. PMID- 7113632 TI - Effects of low-dose ketamine and thiopentone on cardiac performance and myocardial oxygen balance in high-risk patients. AB - Induction of anaesthesia may pose a significant hazard to patients with critical cardiovascular status. Ketamine has been advocated as the drug of choice for maintaining cardiovascular performance during induction of anaesthesia in severely ill surgical patients. The purpose of this study was to compare the relative changes in the haemodynamic effects of ketamine and thiopentone during the first 30 min of anaesthesia induction measured by thoracic impedance cardiography. Twelve adult high-risk surgical patients, ASA class III-V, were induced with thiopentone and fentanyl or with infusion of ketamine. Cardiac output decreased to 69% in the thiopentone group (P less than 0.05), but was hardly affected in the ketamine group. The pre-ejection period to left ventricular time (PEPI) and the pre-ejection period index ratio increased significantly after thiopentone (P less than 0.05), while ketamine caused only minimal changes in left ventricular performance. The diastolic pressure time index to systolic pressure time index ration decreased significantly in both groups. PMID- 7113633 TI - Recurrence of respiratory depression following neurolept analgesia. AB - Fentanyl, though generally regarded as a short-acting narcotic analgesic, can give unexpected respiratory depression several hours after the last dose. This potentially very dangerous effect is explained in pharmacokinetic studies by a mobilisation of fentanyl from tissue stores. In this report we describe a patient who, following a Harrington correction for scoliosis done with neurolept analgesia, developed a severe respiratory depression 5 h after the last dose of fentanyl. PMID- 7113635 TI - Myelination of the human fetal phrenic nerve. AB - The formation of the myelin sheath of the human phrenic nerve has been studied by electron microscopy in fetuses aged 15, 17, and 23 postovulatory weeks. At 15 weeks, the phrenic nerve is composed mainly of large bundles of axons surrounded by lemmocyte processes. However, fibres at the beginning of myelination are present and show one or one and a half turns of lemmocyte process. At 17 weeks, an increasing number of myelinating fibers can be noted, and the formation of compact myelin and laminated perineurium is detectable. The phrenic nerve presents a mature form by 23 postovulatory weeks. At this time many axons have acquired a thick, compact myelin sheath. However, fibres at early stage of myelin formation are still visible. PMID- 7113634 TI - Potent, new analgesics, tailor-made for different purposes. PMID- 7113636 TI - Histological variations of jejunal and ileal mucosa on days 8 and 15 after hypophysectomy in rat: morphometrical analysis on light and electron microscopy. PMID- 7113637 TI - Thyroid calcitonin cells and unusual follicles in the fox. PMID- 7113638 TI - Anatomy of the rat middle ear. A study under the dissection microscope. PMID- 7113639 TI - Anatomical features of liver in situs inversus. AB - The hepatic veins and the intrahepatic branches of both the portal vein and the hepatic artery have been dissected and studied in three specimens of liver obtained from bodies in situs inversus. The position of the hepatic veins was found generally to correspond to the intersegmental scissure planes of the liver. The intrahepatic branches of the portal vein were found to delineate the subdivision of the liver into lobes, segments and subsegments which correspond to the 'mirror image' of the normal liver. The arterial irrigation derives from the mirror image constituting peculiar patterns in each of the specimens. In the first specimen, the left hepatic artery irrigates the superior subsegments of the right lobe, which depends on the right branch of the portal vein. In the second specimen, a voluminous anastomotic intrahepatic channel was noted between the right hepatic artery and the subsegmental posterior inferior branch of the left hepatic artery. In the third specimen, the arterial branch which irrigated the inferior subsegments of the right lobe also contributed to the irrigation of the superior lateral subsegment. PMID- 7113640 TI - Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of the ependyma of the fourth ventricle in the monkey brain. AB - The ependymal structure of the fourth ventricle floor of adult rhesus monkeys was investigated using both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Each half of the floor exhibited dense ciliation which decreased towards the median sulcus. The area postrema and the facial colliculus lacked cilia and were covered with non-ciliated ependymal cells. Along the entire length of the median sulcus supraependymal globular protrusions were seen. Over the rostral and middle thirds of the sulcus these protrusions exhibited interwoven ridges. At the former situation they were closely approximated but at the latter they were on the surface of non-ciliated nodules which were lying amongst sparsely ciliated cells. In the caudal third these protrusions presented smoother surfaces without any structural details over them. Transmission electron microscopy through the upper two thirds of the median sulcus revealed these surface protrusions to be non ciliated cells having long and profuse network of interwoven microvilli over their luminal surface. These cell bodies exhibited well-defined supranuclear Golgi complexes, vesiculated rough and smooth surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes and polyribosomes, few electron dense granules, network of microtubules and light and dense multivesiculated bodies. These features suggested a secretory and/or absorptive role, rather that autophagy to these surface specialization. PMID- 7113641 TI - A new look at the blood supply of the ileocolic angle. AB - 87 ileocolic preparations are studied by means of postmortem arteriography combined with dissection and corrosion. The ileocolic stem is to be continued beyond the colic and ileal branches up to its division into the caecal branches. This allows to distinguish a long ileocolic trunk which is the direct origin of the different tributaries and which ends into one or both caecal arteries. An arteria colica dextra from the ileocolic artery cannot be supported. Many rules are established that govern the relations between the various collaterals, and several conclusions of theoretical and practical importance are made. PMID- 7113643 TI - Transplantation of the interfrontal suture in the Wistar rat. PMID- 7113642 TI - Collagen arrangement in cartilages. AB - The collagen arrangement of different cartilages of several mammals was studied by the Picrosirius-polarization method applied to tissue sections whose proteoglycans had been previously removed by enzymatic digestion. This procedure not only increases collagen birefringency but it also enhances the optimal resolution, permitting an accurate observation of the collagen disposition in this tissue. Our observations led to the conclusion that in the material studied at least five general patterns of collagen arrangement occur. When studied with the aid of electron microscopy, different cartilages showed variable values in their collagen fibril diameter. The results obtained suggest a greater variability in the collagen fibril diameters of those cartilages submitted to strong pressures. PMID- 7113644 TI - Quantitative ultrastructural studies of the cat carotid body. I. General stereology of tissue components. PMID- 7113645 TI - Transplantation of free perichondrial grafts into rabbit articular cartilage is associated with matrix vesicle calcification. AB - Autogenous perichondrial grafts from rabbit ear were transplanted into articular cartilage defects in the knee joint. Electron micrographs performed after 2 months revealed calcifications associated with cartilaginous-forming cells and extracellular matrix vesicles. Many of these vesicles contained apatite crystals, particularly in areas adjacent to the calcifying fronts. In these areas the vesicular membrane was occasionally ruptured by the crystals. Many crystals in the calcifying front proper were organized alongside collagen fibers. Examination of sham-operated and normal controls revealed the occurrence of non-calcifying matrix vesicles. The results of the present and previous studies suggest that matrix vesicles occur in normal articular cartilage in a latent form, their calcification being associated with changes of the metabolic state of the tissue. PMID- 7113646 TI - The mandibular angular cartilage in the rat. AB - Histomorphological and histochemical aspects of the mandibular angular cartilage and its surrounding perichondrium are described from a material consisting of 46 rats aged between 1 and 56 days. Comparisons at 11-13 days with mandibular condylar cartilage reveal a marked concordance in their general composition. However, certain differences in extent of the subzones constituting the cartilage are present. These differences are suggested to express differences in growth rates between the structures. The study of the age changes which take place in the mandibular angular cartilage reveals an age-related change in direction of the muscles attached to the medially and laterally facing surfaces of the structure in combination with a change in direction of the connective tissue covering its posterior part. Such changes might be indications of changes in direction of the tensional forces acting on the cartilage. Ultimately, they might be related to the limited temporal maintenance of the structure. PMID- 7113648 TI - Abstracts: 22nd meeting of the Hungarian Biochemical Society. 25-28 August, 1982, Debrecen. PMID- 7113647 TI - Juxtanuclear globule of the human fimbrial epithelium ciliary cell: a histo- and cytochemical study. AB - Microbiopsies of human Fallopian tube fimbrial epithelium were obtained during routine gynecological operations, and during pregnancy while undergoing hysterectomy in the first trimester or cesarean section in the third trimester. Specimens were studied under light and electron microscopes utilizing histo- and cytochemical techniques. Large juxtanuclear globules were demonstrated in the ciliary cell at all stages of the cycle. During the proliferative phase, these globules contained large lipid droplets and glycogen rosettes. The content of the globules in the early luteal phase was mostly amorphous electron-lucid material which failed to stain with PAS, alcian blue and the Millon reaction. However, reaction products of acid phosphatase as well as calcium precipitate were scattered in them as discrete granules. The same type of globule was found in early pregnancy. During late luteal phase and late pregnancy, the content of the globule was once again composed of lipids and glycogen. It seems that lipid and glycogen accumulate during the preovulatory phase, while depletion and dispersion of these substances occur in the periovulatory phase, probably due to increased energy utilization. Late luteal phase revealed subsequent replenishment of these reserves, as was also revealed in late pregnancy. PMID- 7113649 TI - Erythrocyte spectrofluorometric abnormalities in myotonic dystrophy during "in vitro" aging. AB - The possibility in Myotonic dystrophy (MyD) that a decreased ATP utilization by the membrane may produce modifications in glycoprotein structure and/or in the supramolecular arrangement of some membrane proteins was investigated in human erythrocytes: a) by determining the membrane sialic acid content and the cellular ATP concentration in eight cases of MyD; b) by evaluating the stability of the membrane glycoprotein structure by in vitro ageing experiments; c) by testing the presence of high molecular weight aggregates of proteins on the membrane; d) by evaluating the physico-chemical properties of the membrane by 1-anilino 8 naftalensulfonate as a fluorescent probe. Our evidence suggests that ATP concentration and membrane sialic acid content are within normal values. Only in two cases did a decreased stability of membrane glycoproteins occur while the supramolecular assembly of membrane proteins could be considered as normal. The fluorescent probe behavior after in vitro aging was indicative of a decreased polarity of its micro-environment. PMID- 7113650 TI - Electromyographic findings in Steinert's disease. PMID- 7113651 TI - Immunological properties of myosin in myotonic dystrophy. PMID- 7113652 TI - Myotonic dystrophy in childhood. AB - In order to assess the early presenting symptoms and signs of myotonic dystrophy in childhood, 12 subjects (four females and eight males), offsprings from eight different families, were examined. The patients' ages ranged from six to 15 years and their course has been followed for four years. The family history, the presenting symptoms, the clinical features and course, the mental evaluation, the electromyographic, ophthalmological and histopathological findings, the serum enzymes, the cardiovascular and endocrinological systems of all the subjects were discussed. The authors observed that, under the same conditions of age and duration of illness, the disease is worse in those patients whose mother is the affected relative and that same investigations (EMG, ERG, echocardiography and muscle biopsy) were altered also in the pre-clinical stage of the disease. PMID- 7113653 TI - Sleep and alveolar hypoventilation in myotonic dystrophy. PMID- 7113654 TI - Cerebral vessels and glial cells in liver disease. A morphometric and electron microscopic investigation. PMID- 7113655 TI - Pattern of involvement in the cervical segments in the early stage of motor neurone disease: a single fibre EMG study. AB - The right and left biceps and first dorsal interosseous muscles of 22 patients with motor neurone disease were studied by single fibre EMG at the time of diagnosis. The mean duration of symptoms was 8.1 months. The fibre density was increased in 87 of the 88 muscles studied. In the first dorsal interosseous muscles the fibre density was increased similarly on both sides, but in the biceps muscles of normal strength the fibre density was more markedly increased on the left than on the right. These findings suggest that in the early stage of the disease certain motor unit pools in the spinal cord are preferentially affected. PMID- 7113656 TI - Lymphocyte capping: a diagnostic method in progressive muscular dystrophy? AB - Recent observations indicate that antibody-induced redistribution ("capping") of membrane antigens of B-lymphocytes is subnormal in patients with progressive muscular dystrophy. The present study was primarily designed to verify or refute claims that such an abnormally low capping capacity can be used to diagnose this disease group. In eight dystrophy patients we found the median capping to be reduced to 40%, while it was 52% in 27 neurological control patients, and 62% in 20 healthy blood donors. However, there was considerable overlap between the capping percentages of the three groups. Thus, our data indicate that the demonstration of reduced lymphocyte capping in the individual patient is of little, if any, diagnostic value. PMID- 7113657 TI - Cerebrovascular permeability and cerebral blood flow in hypertension induced by gammahydroxybutyric acid. An experimental study in the rat. AB - A sustained increase in blood pressure was obtained by intraperitoneal (i.p.) or intravenous (i.v.) administration of gammahydroxybutyric acid (GHBA, 1 g/kg) in rats under nitrous oxide anesthesia and in conscious rats with indwelling catheters in the aorta and a jugular vein. Evans blue-albumin and 125I-labeled serum albumin, given i.v. before GHBA, were used to study the function of the blood-barrier in rats killed 60 min after the injection of the drug. Brains from rats subjected to acute hypertension while awake showed less extravasation of albumin than did brains from anesthetized rats. Sectioning of the cervical symphatetic nerves did not increase extravasation in conscious rats. The cerebral blood flow, determined with the 14C-ethanol technique, did not significantly differ in GHBA-treated rats and controls. Because of the sustained increase in blood pressure, GHBA-induced hypertension might be a useful model for the study of long-term effects on the brain of hypertensive opening of the blood-brain barrier. PMID- 7113659 TI - Clinical prognosis of patients with diagnosed chronic solvent intoxication. AB - The clinical symptoms and signs of 80 patients with chronic organic solvent intoxication were evaluated after 3-9 years (mean 5.8 years) of follow-up. Thirty one of the patients had slight clinical neurological signs at the time of diagnosis while the rest of the patients had only neurophysiological or psychological disturbances. The most common subjective symptoms were headache, tiredness and memory disturbances. Of the clinical signs, disturbances occurred frequently in cerebellar functions, gait and station and fine motorics. In addition, psycho-organic alteration and neurasthenic signs were often found. After the follow-up clinical signs of impairment in the nervous system were present in 42 cases. At the group level, the subjective symptoms decreased during the follow-up but the objective clinical signs increased and worsened. Only the prognosis of disturbances in gait and station correlated with the duration and intensity of exposure. The present results emphasize the great difficulties arising in occupational neurology regarding chronic organic solvent intoxications. No clear-cut clinical picture exists and reliable estimation of prognosis in general cannot be made on the basis of the present knowledge. PMID- 7113658 TI - Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy and distal myopathy. Intrafamilial difference in the onset and distribution of muscular involvement. AB - A family is reported which included a patient with a variant form of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy. The patient's son suffered from infantile muscular dystrophy with a distal distribution in the lower extremities and no oculopharyngeal symptoms. Case 1, the father, showed blepharoptosis, but no limitation of ocular movements. Case 2, the son, showed early onset of weakness and more rapid progression of muscle involvement than the father. In both patients EMG, muscle biopsies and elevated serum CPK indicated the myopathic nature of the disorder. A muscle biopsy specimen in Case 2 showed abundant rimmed vacuoles and abnormal filaments 13-19 nm in diameter in the sarcoplasm, usually reported to occur in inclusion body myositis. The findings indicate that oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy and distal myopathy are related in their etiology and distal myopathy and inclusion body myositis are regarded as variant forms of the same disease. PMID- 7113660 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid findings in mycoplasma pneumoniae infections with neurological complications. AB - The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings of 16 patients with mycoplasma pneumoniae infections and different neurologic complications are presented. In acute meningitis there was predominantly a mononuclear cell reaction remitting in accordance with the improvement of the clinical symptoms. An early switch from IgM to IgG was observed. In cranial nerve neuritis and radiculitis in the beginning complement factors were decreased. Far beyond the clinical remission IgM and cell count were elevated. In Guillain-Barre-syndrome no IgM but increased IgG levels were detectable. In all patients both CSF IgM and IgG markedly exceeded the corresponding serum values. The possibility that different pathogenetic mechanisms are underlying these phenomena depending on the actual state of the hosts' immunity is discussed. PMID- 7113661 TI - Epidemiology of dementia in a Finnish population. AB - An epidemiological study of dementia was carried out in the city of Turku (population 164,568) in Finland. A total of 421 patients with moderate to severe dementia were found. Degenerative dementia, i.e. presenile and senile dementia, was present in 218 patients (51.8%), and in 152 patients (36.1%) the dementia was associated with arteriosclerosis, including multi-infarct and combined dementia. The prevalence rate of dementia, all types, was 256 per 100,000 population, and 1,961 per 100,000 population over 65 years old. The age-specific prevalence rates of dementia increased with advancing age from 0.1% in the age group 55-64 years to 11% in the age group over 85 years. The peak annual incidence rate for all types of dementia was 58 per 100,000 population, and 447 per 100,000 population over 65 years old. Both prevalence and incidence figures suggested a female preponderance in dementia of degenerative origin and in dementia with associated arteriosclerosis. PMID- 7113662 TI - Auditory magnetic fields from the human cerebral cortex: location and strength of an equivalent current dipole. AB - Auditory evoked cortical magnetic fields are recorded from human subjects by means of a SQUID gradiometer. The spatial and temporal distributions of the averaged evoked fields normal to the surface of the skull are measured from both hemispheres in response to contra- and ipsilateral 1 kHz stimulation. The evoked magnetic response can be separated into a dominant and a 'residual' signal and the former is analysed with a particular source model consisting of a single equivalent current dipole in each hemisphere. We find that the equivalent current dipoles are located near the superior surface of the temporal lobes approximately 20 mm below the surface of the skull. The dipoles are oriented in the superior inferior direction. In the left hemisphere the dipole is located approximately 14 mm posterior to that in the right hemisphere, but otherwise no hemisphere/ear difference in dipole location or orientation is found. The strength of the dipole in the left hemisphere is found to be twice as great as that in the right hemisphere when stimulating the right ear, whereas no difference is found when stimulating the left ear. The strength of the dipole is greater in response to contralateral than ipsilateral stimulation. By means of a statistical experiment and using estimates of the variance of the recorded evoked fields we show that the model suggested is adequate to describe the experimental data and that the overall confidence of the extracted dipole parameters can be estimated. PMID- 7113663 TI - Contribution of changes in click rate and intensity on diagnosis of multiple sclerosis by brainstem auditory evoked potentials. AB - Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) were recorded in 51 patients with different degrees of certainty with respect to multiple sclerosis (MS): Definite, probable and possible (McAlpine et al. 1972). Click stimuli were presented at various intensities and rates which were thought to stress the auditory pathways. The main types of abnormal BAEP traces were the absence of some of the brainstem waves (in the presence of a normal audiogram), prolonged brainstem transmission time (BTT) and abnormal amplitude ratio. In the definite MS group, average BTT was prolonged and average amplitude ratio was more than two standard deviations greater than the corresponding parameter in the normal group. The stressful manoeuvres of increasing click repetition rate and lowering click intensity increased the degree of abnormality of BAEP traces. There was no case in which the response to standard click stimuli (75 dB HL, 10 or 20 per sec) showed a normal trace while increasing the stimulus repetition rate and/or decreasing intensity showed a pathological response. The pathophysiology of BAEP traces in MS is discussed. PMID- 7113664 TI - Chromosome analysis and sister chromatid exchange in encephalo-trigeminal angiodysplasia. AB - A female, aged 32, with facial birthmarks and suffering migraine headaches and a slight hemiparesis was examined with isotope scanning, CT and angiography. She was found to have a massive, unilateral angiodysplasia, transforming the right cerebral hemisphere into an expanding vascular sponge-like structure. There was a family history of red facial birthmarks. The patient and her father were analysed cytogenetically by estimating the frequency of chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE). The frequency of gaps and breaks was normal compared to healthy controls, but the patient showed a significantly higher level of spontaneous SCE's. The patient and her father also had a higher than normal number of SCE's after addition of mitomycin C (MMC) to the blood culture. Numerical and structural chromosome deviations markedly exceeded normal in both, possibly representing a genetic imbalance in this syndrome. PMID- 7113665 TI - The frequency of periphlebitis retinae in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7113667 TI - The blood-brain barrier in young spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - It has been shown that the blood-brain barrier (BBB) of chronically hypertensive adult spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) is less susceptible to disruption during acute superimposed hypertension than normotensive controls. The purpose of this study was to determine if the BBB of young SHR, not yet markedly hypertensive, was similarly protected during super-imposed acute hypertension. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (n = 22) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) (n = 23) 4-5 weeks of age were anesthetized with secobarbital sodium (50 mg/kg) intraperitoneally and acute hypertension was produced by an intravenous injection of norepinephrine (75 micrograms). Permeability of the BBB was studied with radioactive iodine serum albumin (RISA) injected intravenously. The ratio of brain-to-blood RISA X 100 was used as an index of permeability of the BBB expressed as % protein transfer. In WKY exposed to acute hypertension mean arterial pressure increased by 52 +/- 2 mmHg and in SHR the increase was 49 +/- 3 mmHg. The protein transfer of the cerebral hemispheres was 1.17 +/- 0.30% in WKY and 0.90 +/- 0.20% in SHR (P less than 0.40). These data indicate that BBB protein transfer during acute superimposed hypertension does not differ between young SHR and WKY. Thus, the reduced susceptibility to BBB disruption in chronically hypertensive adult SHR is not present in young SHR, making them as susceptible as WKY to cerebral complications related to protein transfer during acute hypertension. PMID- 7113666 TI - Cerebral abscess. Aetiology and pathogenesis, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. A review of 200 cases from 1935-1976. AB - From 1935-1976 a total of 200 patients with cerebral abscesses were referred to the University Clinic of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen. The primary source of infection could be established in 169 cases (85%). Bacteria could be cultured in 58% of the cases. From 1935-1957 nearly all patients were subjected to ventriculography (107/129). Cerebral angiography was the dominating diagnostic method from 1958-1974. Since then, 30 patients with a suspected intracranial abscess have been examined by computed tomography. The overall mortality has been 40%, but for the period 1958-1976 17%. PMID- 7113668 TI - Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia of Alzheimer type. A comparative study. AB - Clinical and neuropsychological findings, EEG, and several blood and CSF parameters were investigated in 36 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 35 patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer type (SDAT). There were more women among senile patients and more familial cases among presenile patients. The average duration of the symptoms was longer in presenile patients (6.1 years) than in senile patients (3.9 years). This could be due to the lower resistance to the disease process in the senile group. Extrapyramidal signs, especially rigidity, were found in over 60% of all patients and in practically all patients with advanced dementia. Tremor was found in three patients only. Four presenile (11%) and two senile (6%) patients had epileptic seizures. All patients had abnormal EEG recordings, mainly in form of diffuse slowing. A positive correlation was found between the EEG abnormality and the severity of dementia in AD but not in SDAT. However, the difference between the correlation coefficients in AD and SDAT was insignificant. Between EEG and the duration of the disease there was no correlation. EEG was not more abnormal in very severe dementia than in severe dementia. Other findings were similar in AD and SDAT. It is concluded that it is artificial to separate AD and SDAT at the age of 65 and that they clinically compose a single entity. This entity could well be called Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 7113669 TI - Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia of Alzheimer type. A neuropsychological study. AB - Neuropsychological performance was investigated in 36 presenile patients with Alzheimer's disease and 35 patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer type by using Luria's test methods. The most deteriorated performances in both groups were in memory, intellectual, higher visual and motor functions, and in orientation. The neuropsychological functions deteriorated gradually in the course of the disease process so that the shape of the performance profile was preserved. The progression of the disease seemed to be more rapid in senile patients but neuropsychologically there were no significant differences between Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia of Alzheimer type. They seemed to form a continuum of one disease. Luria's neuropsychological investigation turned out to be a useful method in the assessment of at least moderate to severe dementia. PMID- 7113670 TI - Membrane processes in myotonic dystrophy during in vitro aging of erythrocytes. AB - The present communication is devoted to investigating the possibility that in myotonic dystrophy (MyD) a decreased ATP utilization by the membrane may produce modifications in glycoprotein structure and/or in the supramolecular arrangement of some membrane proteins. The study was carried out a) by determining the membrane sialic acid content and the cellular ATP concentration in 10 cases of MyD, b) by evaluating the structural modifications of membrane glycoproteins occurring during in vitro incubation, c) by testing the presence on the membrane of high molecular weight aggregates of proteins, and d) by evaluating the distribution of hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains of the membrane by using 1 anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate (1,8 ANS) as a fluorescent probe. Our evidence suggests that the ATP concentration and membrane sialic acid content are within normal values. Only in two cases did structural modifications of membrane glycoproteins occur while the supramolecular assembly of membrane proteins could be considered normal. The fluorescent probe behaviour after in vitro aging was indicative of a decreased polarity of its environment. PMID- 7113672 TI - Acute polyneuropathy combined with myasthenia gravis. PMID- 7113671 TI - Electrophysiological effects of diphenylhydantoin and carbamazepine on the peripheral and central nervous system. PMID- 7113674 TI - Normal ranges and reproducibility for the quantitative Romberg's test. AB - Postural stability was measured in 100 healthy people by a quantitative, computer calculated Romberg's test. The persons were aged 20-69 years, and a table of normal ranges is provided. Older men are found to have higher sway figures than young men, while this was not significant in the group of women. In a second part of the study the reproducibility of the method was studied in 10 healthy people. Sway was measured twice a day during 5 consecutive days of work. No significant alterations in the sway measurements were found. The individual variation coefficients ranged from 11-29% (mean value: 18%). By the present study it is concluded that the quantitative Romberg's test is a reasonable way of measuring postural stability. PMID- 7113675 TI - Mental deterioration, visuoperceptive disabilities and constructional apraxia in Parkinson's disease. AB - 20 patients with Parkinson's disease were tested for visuoperceptive disabilities and constructional apraxia versus a group of 20 controls. The visuoperceptive disabilities in the parkinsonians were relatively independent of mental deterioration, where present. The visuoperceptive disabilities were responsible for constructional apraxia. PMID- 7113673 TI - Immune complexes in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients and patients with other neurological diseases. AB - Paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from 30 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and 30 patients with other neurological diseases (ONDs) were analyzed for the presence of immune complexes (ICs). With each of the 4 tests used, ICs were found more frequently in sera from both MS and OND patients than in sera from healthy blood donors. IC-positivity for MS and OND patient CSF varied from 10-33% and from 10-17% in different tests. The number of IC-positive sera or CSF in MS patients did not differ significantly from those in OND patients. For both MS and OND patients, the positivity pattern for serum and CSF specimens in each IC test was essentially unique. Furthermore, because several CSF IC-positive and serum IC-negative paired specimens were found, intrathecal IC formation may be independent of IC formation in peripheral blood. The presence of ICs in serum or CSF did not correlate with the clinical status of or laboratory data on the MS patients, nor was a correlation found with the diagnosis of the OND patients. In total, these results suggest that the presence or absence of ICs in MS or OND patients may simply reflect changes in the immunological regulation of individual patients. PMID- 7113677 TI - Liquor:serum quotients of IgG and albumin in patients with meningism, meningitis and multiple sclerosis. AB - Liquor:serum quotients of IgG and albumin in patients with meningism, meningitis and multiple sclerosis have been studied. Abnormal quotients indicative of disturbed blood-brain barrier function and/or intrathecal IgG synthesis were found in various proportions of all 3 groups of patients. In some patients with aseptic meningitis and meningism, the abnormal quotients were comparable with those found in patients with multiple sclerosis. The reason for this is unknown. An unspecific reaction to febrile illness may be involved. As a consequence, the findings of abnormal liquor:serum quotients of IgG and albumin should be evaluated with great caution in patients with recent or present febrile illness. PMID- 7113676 TI - Quantitative analysis of muscle biopsies from volunteers and patients with neuromuscular disorders. A comparison between estimation and measuring. AB - 106 muscle biopsies from patients with neuromuscular diseases or symptoms were assessed by routine inspection and quantitative examination. Eighty-six specimens were classed as pathological on routine evaluation and 84 on quantitative examination. Eleven specimens that were pathological on routine evaluation were "missed' by quantitative examination. Nine judged normal on routine examination were pathological according to quantitative criteria. Relative measures including the coefficient of variance, the difference between type I and type II fibres, and the difference between fascicles proved valuable for distinguishing between normal and pathological specimens. Quantitative analysis is a valuable complementary method which improves the detection of pathological states in muscle. PMID- 7113679 TI - Do visual evoked potentials give relevant information to the neuro ophthalmological examination in optic nerve lesions? AB - The visual evoked potentials (VEPs) and neuro-ophthalmological examinations of 134 patients were compared. The VEPs were abnormal in 95% of the eyes with optic neuritis. Defective color vision was found in 99%, visual field defects in 88%, decreased vision in 66% and an afferent pupillary defect in 55%. 29 patients with optic neuritis were followed up with repeated tests. VEPs and color vision recovered more slowly than visual acuity and visual field. Abnormal VEPs were observed in 68% of 50 MS patients. An analysis of symptomatic and asymptomatic eyes showed that testing of color vision, visual field and red-free ophthalmoscopy were equally as useful diagnostic tools as VEPs. 4 (8%) of the MS patients had abnormal VEPs despite a normal neuro-ophthalmological examination; 94% of MS patients with symptoms and 47% of MS patients without visual symptoms had abnormal VEPs. VEPs were pathological in 59% of 24 patients with traumatic or compressive optic nerve diseases or optic atrophies of unknown etiology. The neuro-ophthalmological examination was more sensitive than VEPs in the diagnosis of these disorders. A neuro-ophthalmological examination is in most cases sufficient to diagnose optic nerve lesions. VEPs are of diagnostic aid especially in mild optic nerve lesions. PMID- 7113678 TI - Cerebral blood flow in chronic toxic encephalopathy in house painters exposed to organic solvents. AB - Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was studied in 11 controls and 9 house painters occupationally exposed to organic solvents for a mean of 22 years. They had mild to moderate intellectual impairment, and no or only minor cerebral atrophy was seen in a CT-scan of the brain. The 133Xe inhalation technique was used and the flow was calculated from the initial slope of the 133Xe wash out curve (ISI). ISI averaged 36.8 ml/100 g/min in the painters and 45.4 ml/100 g/min in the controls, representing a significant difference (P less than 0.05). The reduced CBF in these painters with slight to moderate intellectual impairment might be due to limited neuronal loss or to permanently decreased metabolism of the neurones. PMID- 7113680 TI - Essential tremor in a Finnish population. AB - A two-phase epidemiological study of essential tremor was carried out by investigating a rural population aged over 40 years in 2 municipalities in southwestern Finland. In the first phase, the subjects answered a questionnaire as to whether they had experienced tremor during the month preceding the inquiry. In the second phase, the persons who had tremor often or fairly often, were examined clinically. The total prevalence of essential tremor, calculated on the basis of clinically established cases, was 55.5/1000 of the population aged over 40 years. The disease became more prevalent with advancing age and was, with the exception of the oldest age-group, more common in men than in women. PMID- 7113682 TI - The empty sella and pituitary adenomas. A theory on the causal relationship. AB - In 44 consecutive patients with sellar volume larger than 1100 mm3, computer tomography showed that 20 had an empty or partly empty sella. None had radiological evidence of a suprasellar tumor. 10 of the 20 patients had experienced episodes with acute neurological symptoms presumably reflecting a pituitary apoplexy. It is suggested that an unknown proportion of intrasellar adenomas may disappear as a result of an infarction, which may comprise the entire adenoma or part of it--leaving an empty or partly empty sella as diagnosed by computer tomography. Air encephalography will demonstrate the empty sella only if the diaphragmatic aperture is large enough to allow cisternal herniation. The infarction may present clinically with no, slight or severe acute neurological symptoms. Late consequences of a pituitary adenoma infarction may be rhinorrhea or hydrocephalus. PMID- 7113681 TI - Prevalence of stroke in a district of Copenhagen the copenhagen city heart study. AB - From the city center of Copenhagen, almost 20,000 people, 20 years of age and older, were randomly selected for examination after age and sex stratification. The participation rate was 72%. 231 persons responded affirmatively to a questionnaire concerning cerebrovascular disease. After neurological examination the diagnosis was confirmed in 115 cases. Adjusted on the basis of the age distribution of the Danish population (1976) the prevalence rate was calculated to be 651/100,000 for men and 385/100,000 for women. The frequency of myocardial infarction and hypertension was significantly higher in the stroke patients than in the study population. The risk factors: cigarette smoking, serum-cholesterol, and high-density-lipoprotein concentration, showed no significant differences between the patients and the study population. 44% of the patients had had their stroke more than 5 years before the prevalence date. In 41% of the patients, residual neurological signs could not be demonstrated, while 59% of the patients had neurological deficits of varying severity. 30% of the surviving patients were in gainful work or managed domestic activities as they had done before the stroke. Nearly 1/2 of the severely disabled patients were independent in self care. The age group above 80 years was under-represented in this study. PMID- 7113683 TI - Quantitative Romberg's test. Measurement and computer calculation of postural stability. PMID- 7113684 TI - Does cervix conization increase the risk of complications in subsequent pregnancies? AB - In a series of 414 patients who underwent cervix conization because of cancer in situ, the risk of complications in subsequent pregnancies was analyzed by studying the outcome of their 923 pregnancies before and after cone biopsy. After conization the incidence of late spontaneous abortion was seven times higher than before. Moreover, 20.5% of pregnancies following cone biopsy required cervix cerclage because of suspected cervical insufficiency, or cesarean section because of a scarred cervix stenosis. PMID- 7113685 TI - Invasive cancer in the vulvar region. AB - During the past 25 years there has been a tenfold increase in the incidence of vulvar cancer in Denmark. For this reason a material of 195 patients treated during the period 1960-77 is reviewed. There had been a considerable delay in treatment, due partly to the patients and partly to the doctor first seen. The five-year survival rate was 63.3%, corrected 84.2%. The prognosis is highly influenced by the size of the tumor, its appearance, the presence of unilateral or bilateral metastasization to the inguinal nodes, the histological type, and localization of the tumor. On the basis of these features, it is possible to single out groups having a particularly poor prognosis in whom the surgical treatment is insufficient and ought to be supplemented. Clinical assessment of the inguinal lymph nodes carries a considerable uncertainty, yet the FIGO staging is based mainly upon this assessment. This goes some way towards explaining why no prognostic differences were found between stages I, II, and III. Postoperative staging based upon the histological diagnosis would provide greater prognostic certainty. PMID- 7113687 TI - A study of parental attitudes after donor insemination (AID). AB - Artificial donor insemination (AID) is important in the treatment of infertility when the couples' wish for a family is denied because of male sterility. However, very little is known regarding the continued development of AID families and their attitudes to insemination after the child is born. The study is based on a questionnaire anonymously completed by 92 couples returning to obtain a second child by insemination. None of the parents regretted his or her decision regarding insemination and the majority were prepared to recommend the method to other couples in the same situation. Apart from one couple the parents intended to withhold the truth from the child regarding its origin. The majority of parents chose not to inform anyone else regarding the child's conception. The parents were therefore anxious that case notes and details concerning insemination were treated with the utmost discretion and confidentiality. The parents in this study clearly indicated they preferred insemination to adoption. A large proportion of the parents who already had a child as a result of insemination returned to the clinic for a second child. PMID- 7113686 TI - Uterine bizarre leiomyoma. PMID- 7113688 TI - Detrusor instability score in the evaluation of stress urinary incontinence. AB - The major cause of failure in the surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women is an occult detrusor instability. In order to detect detrusor instability and its degree, urological histories were standardized by scoring the replies to ten specific questions with O (indicative of SUI), 1 or 2 (slightly and markedly indicative of detrusor instability, respectively). The sum of the scores was termed the "detrusor instability score" (DIS). The DIS was calculated for 134 patients both preoperatively and 2 years after operation, and 112 of these women were also evaluated by bead-chain urethrocystography (UCG) before operation. The 10% failure rate among the 72 patients with a DIS of 0-7 (exclusive or nearly exclusive detrusor instability) was significantly less than the 32% rate in the 62 women with a DIS of 8-16 (SUI complicated by marked detrusor instability). The 38% failure rate in 47 women of peri- or post menopausal age and having a DIS of 8-16 was higher than the 10% in the other 87 women. An increased risk of failure was also found in patients who had a DIS of 8 16 together with either a urethral inclination angle of 80 degrees or less (46% failure rate in 28 women) or a posterior urethrovesical angle of 160 degree or less (43% failure rate in 30 women) in lateral bead-chain UCG during straining. The mean DIS decreased after successful surgery, but remained constant in cases of failure. The scored urological data facilitate the detection of patients with detrusor instability. This is potentiated by those lateral bead-chain UCG findings which indicate a low motility of the proximal urethra or bladder neck. PMID- 7113689 TI - Urethrovaginal and vesicovaginal fistula. A review of 29 patients. AB - During an 11-year period 29 women were treated for 6 urethrovaginal and 24 vesicovaginal fistulae. In all patients the urethrovaginal fistula was preceded by an operation for a benign lesion. Of the 24 patients with vesicovaginal fistulae 11 had a benign and 13 a malignant primary disease. Endoscopy, vaginal examination and IVP provided in most cases sufficient information with which to establish a diagnosis. The urethrovaginal fistulae were operated on either by a vaginal approach (3 patients); two recurrences occurred but healed after reoperation. Of the 24 patients with vesicovaginal fistulae, 14 underwent a combined operation usually including omentum interposition, while 10 underwent primary diversion. Primary cure ensued after 9 of 14 combined operations; recurrences were operated on by a combined approach in 2 patients, vaginal in one and with fibrin occlusion in one. Eight of the 10 patients who underwent urinary diversion had a malignant disease. A vaginal approach in recommended at the primary reconstruction of urethrovaginal fistulae, whereas a combined suprapubic and vaginal approach is recommended in vesicovaginal fistulae as well as in recurrent urethrovaginal fistulae. PMID- 7113690 TI - Levels of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole in human oviduct mucosa and plasma. AB - The oviductal and plasma levels of trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) were studied in 9 women after oral and i.v. administration of a drug combination (Eusaprim R, Wellcome Foundation Ltd). The concentration of TMP in a healthy endosalpinx was found to be twice as high (4.7 microgram/g, range 2.8-8.3) as in plasma (2.6 microgram/ml, range 2.1-3.6). Conversely, the endosalpingeal level of SMZ (38 microgram/g, range 12-65) was about half that in plasma (77 microgram/ml, range 58-95). The agar well diffusion method was used for the concentration determinations. The specimens were collected during surgery for non-infectious genital diseases. The implication of treatment by the given drugs is discussed. PMID- 7113691 TI - Two cases of goblet cell carcinoid tumor of the appendix with bilateral ovarian metastases. PMID- 7113692 TI - Reproductive performance of women with uterine anomalies. An evaluation of 182 cases. AB - A total of 182 women with uterine anomalies were observed over a period of 18 years. In all, 126 women had 265 pregnancies, fetal survival rate was 66%, perinatal mortality 8% and premature labors occurred in 23%. When the uterine anomalies were grouped according to degree of failure of normal and uterine development, the complete septate uteri had the best fetal survival rate (86%), complete bicornuate uteri (50%) and unicornuate (40%) poorest. Cervical cerclage was applied most in the partial bicornuate uteri (17%), where fetal survival in operated cases was: before operation, 53% and after, 100%. The frequency of breech presentation was 40-50% in all groups except complete septate uteri (25%) and complete bicornuate (0%). The highest cesarean section rate (82%) was in deliveries of patients with uterus didelphys. The frequency of cesarean section among total deliveries was 53%. Metroplasty was carried out on 19 patients. The obstetric outcome improved from 10% successful pregnancies before surgery to 88% postoperatively. PMID- 7113693 TI - Residual carcinoma after intracavitary irradiation of endometrial carcinoma, stage I. A study of whole-organ sections. AB - Surgical specimens from 87 patients with endometrial carcinoma, stage I, preoperatively treated by intracavitary irradiation were investigated by a whole organ sectioning technique. Re-examination of the curettage material showed cancer stage 0 in 8 (9%) and carcinoma state I in 79 cases (91%). In the stage I cases 57% showed residual carcinoma localized mainly to the myometrium of the uterine body and cornuae. Histological changes inthe carcinoma were unevenly distributed, but tumors growing close to the external uterine surface were well preserved. In 40.5%, no carcinoma was present, and in 2.5% the changes found could not be classified. Correlated to disparity in irradiation technique, no significant difference could be demonstrated in the incidence or localization of residual carcinoma. The most important single pretreatment factor combined with the presence of residual carcinoma was myometrial fragments with infiltrating carcinoma in the curettage material (MICC). Computerized analysis of combinations of factors showed that all patients aged over 60 years with a uterine-sound length exceeding 8 cm had residual carcinoma. Only 2 patients with infiltration of the myometrium had a completely destroyed carcinoma. The findings indicate that it is unlikely that endometrial carcinoma state I with myometrial invasion will be eradicated by intracavitary irradiation. PMID- 7113694 TI - Predictive value of a single unstressed antepartum cardiotocogram in apparently uncomplicated pregnancy. Introduction of a new cardiotocography score. AB - Antepartum CTGs were recorded in 88 pregnant women in the 36th week of pregnancy, approximately. The CTGs were evaluated according to three different CTG scoring systems. A new CTG score in now presented. The three systems are compared according to their ability to predict retarded intra-uterine growth. Nine infants were born small-for-date; 8 of these had suspect CTG. In 7 of these cases reduced variability was present for more than 25% of the registration time. When variability is reduced for more than 25% of the registration time there is a statistically significantly higher rate of infants born small-for-date (p less than 0.001). Fifty per cent of those fetuses that did no move spontaneously during registration were born small-for-date. When accelerations were present, 94% of the infants were born normal-for-date. Low estriol and/or low hPL levels were found in 5 of 9 cases where the infants were born small-for-date. Low estriol/hPL and/or suspect CTG were found in all cases of infants born small-for date. When estriol, hPL and CTG were normal, no infants were born small-for-date. PMID- 7113695 TI - Hydrops fetalis caused by maternal indomethacin treatment. AB - Hydrops fetalis was diagnosed in one of two twins, while the other suffered from cardiac failure. Indomethacin administered to the mother to arrest premature labor, seemed to be the predisposing factor resulting in the hydrops fetalis. The possible relationship between intrauterine closure of the ductus arteriosus and the pathogenesis of hydrops fetalis is discussed. PMID- 7113696 TI - Antithrombin III in late pregnancy. PMID- 7113697 TI - A comparative longitudinal study on sex hormone binding globulin capacity during estrogen replacement therapy. AB - An aqueous two-phase equilibrium partition system was used to assay SHBG-binding capacity. Sera from groups of postmenopausal women before and during unopposed estrogen replacement therapy were analyzed. The induction of SHBG showed considerable differences between different estrogens. Ethinyl-estradiol in a daily dose of 0.05 mg gave a 70% increase in the serum concentration of this liver derived protein. Estradiol-17 beta, 2 mg daily and estrone sulphate 1.25 mg gave moderate changes, whereas estriol in different doses had no effect. SHBG induction may reflect estrogen overtreatment. PMID- 7113698 TI - An etiological study on renal adenomas: with some references to dysplastic tubular lesions and adenocarcinomas in autopsy and surgery cases. AB - An etiological study on renal adenomas with specific references to dysplastic tubular lesions and adenocarcinomas was made, concentrating on histopathological and statistical surveys. Seventy-two unilateral kidneys obtained at random in autopsy cases were examined macro- amd microscopically on the consecutive sliced sections. Adenomas were found frequently in the cortex of 15 cases (20.8%), and particularly dysplastic tubular lesions were considerably associated with adenomas and detected even more frequently in 26 cases (36.2%), whereas fibromas in the medulla of 8 cases (11.1%). Most of the adenomas (86.7%) were found in nephrosclerotic kidneys; i.e., in vascular nephrosclerosis (53.4%), chronic pyelonephritis (13.3%), and in end-stage kidneys. The morphological feature of adenoma cells were also confirmed in the dysplastic tubular epithelial cells. These data imply that long-term renovascular and/or renostromal damages may induce dysplastic tubular lesions and further act as important enhancing or promoting factors on adult renal oncogenesis from the cortical tubular epithelium. PMID- 7113699 TI - DNA template activity in rat brain tumors induced by transplacental administration of ethylnitrosourea. AB - The ultracytochemical acridine orange (AO) method has been employed to demonstrate DNA template activity within experimental brain tumors induced by transplacental administration ethylnitrosourea (ENU) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Ultrastructural examination revealed that acridine orange binds to DNA exclusively within the active extended euchromatin portion of the cell nucleus of brain tumor and of foci of atypical cell proliferation. No AO reaction products were visible in the non-neoplastic cell nuclei adjacent to the brain tumors. The percentages of AO positive cells in brain tumor cells in rats given an intraperitoneal injection of 3H-thymidine 1 hr before sacrifice were between 2.4% and 8.0%. The average number of AO chromatin reaction products per single section of a cell nucleus varied between 7 and 21. The ratios of areas of euchromatin to heterochromatin were found to be slightly larger in AO positive nuclei then in AO negative nuclei in each of the tumors. The present results suggested that rat brain tumors induced by transplacental administration ENU exhibit de-repression of DNA template normally repressed in the adult state. The usefulness of this method for study on the development of experimental brain tumors is briefly discussed. PMID- 7113700 TI - Amorphous and stellate amyloid in functioning human pituitary adenomas: histochemical, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies. AB - Two types of amyloid, amorphous and stellate, were studied in 3 functioning human pituitary adenomas (2 prolactin-secreting and one growth hormone (GH) secreting) by histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques and by electron microscopy. The amorphous amyloid was found in all 3 adenomas, but the stellate type was observed only in the Gh-secreting tumor. Both types of deposits satisfied the staining characteristics of amyloid and were composed of aggregated filaments, 30 300 A in diameter by electron microscopy. The stellate type was strongly positive for GH by immunohistochemistry and showed ultrastructural transition to surrounding tumor cells, findings strongly suggestive of a hormonal origin. The presence of scattered secretory granules in the amorphous type was correlated with weak immunostaining for prolactin in the amyloid. PMID- 7113701 TI - Lymphomatoid granulomatosis (Liebow). AB - An autopsy case with pulmonary lesions analogous to Liebow's lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG) and some other unusual pictures were reported. A 29-year-old male who had been diagnosed and treated as Sjogren's syndrome for eleven years because of intermittent swelling of the parotids with diffuse lymphoid cell infiltration and positive serum RA-test, showed several circumscribed densities on the chest X-ray examination which were deemed to be of interlobar pleurisy. On autopsy, the nodular lesions in the lung were composed of angiocentric angiodestructive lymphoid cell proliferation analogous to LYG. In addition, the present case was characterized by focal glomerulonephritis and splenic trabeculitis which are quite unusual associations in LYG. The relationships of the present case to other similar diseases such as Wegener's granulomatosis, Sjogren's syndrome, primary lymphoma of the lung, etc. were discussed. PMID- 7113702 TI - Malignant hyperthermia. AB - A report is made of a 65-year-old male who died of a malignant hyperthermia of 42 degrees C. Symptoms included muscle rigidity at the termination of operation for neck-clipping of an aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery. Latent myopathy was observed in skeletal muscle, and a bleeding focus was present in the left anterior region of the hypothalamus, coinciding with the temperature regulation center. The mechanism of onset of this disease is still poorly understood, but it seems that this disease occurred due to synergic effects of the hypothalamic hemorrhage and the pre-existing myopathy. The serum CPK level at the time of death was abnormally high (250 U), and 3.4% of isozyme CPK1 was detected. The serum myoglobin was 204, 850 ng/ml, a markedly high level, and myoglobinuric nephrosis was present as a result. PMID- 7113705 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA): characterization and use in a radioimmunoassay for CEA. AB - Fusion of immune spleen cells of mice immunized with CEA with a mouse myeloma cell line resulted in several hybrid cell lines secreting antibodies to CEA as tested by radio-immunoassay. Four of these were cloned by limiting dilution and large amounts of anti-CEA antibodies were produced by growing the anti-CEA producing cell clones intraperitoneally in mice and collecting the ascites fluids formed. Ascites fluids containing antibodies with both high and low affinity were obtained. The antibody having the highest affinity was shown to be specific to CEA, whereas one antibody showed cross-reaction with the normal cross-reacting antigen (NCA). The establishment of a competitive-inhibition doubleantibody radio immunoassad with high sensitivity and specificity using mouse monoclonal antibodies is described. PMID- 7113706 TI - Increase of the in vitro complement-dependent cytotoxicity against autologous invasive human bladder tumor cells by neuraminidase treatment. AB - Complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) was measured in a 51-Cr release assay against tumor cells from 13 non-invasive and 7 invasive transitional-cell tumors of the urinary bladder. CDC was compared between mechanically dispersed tumor cells and neuraminidase-treated tumor cells. Neuraminidase treatment of bladder tumor cells enhanced their susceptibility to complement-dependent cytolysis. There were no differences in CDC between autologous and allogenic sera. Mechanically dispersed tumor cells showed no significant differences in susceptibility when non-invasive and invasive tumor cells were compared, whereas significant differences in CDC were seen when neuraminidase-treated non-invasive and invasive tumor cells were used as targets. A C2 deficient serum showed significantly reduced cytotoxicity suggesting that the CDC reaction requires classical complement activation. A hypogammaglobulinemic serum showed stronger CDC compared to autologous and other allogenic sera and upon dilution of autologous sera and hypogammaglobulinemic serum CDC declined parallelly. PMID- 7113704 TI - Dissecting aneurysms of the coronary arteries. AB - This paper reports two cases of coronary dissecting aneurysms of the heart. These were found among 45 consecutive autopsy cases with cardiac diseases from January, 1978 to April, 1981. The first case, a 60-year-old woman, revealed dissecting aneurysm involving the aorta and three main coronary arteries in association with cystic medial necrosis. The second case, a 55-year-old man, revealed dissecting hematoma limited to the right coronary artery without any presumptive causal lesion to the dissection. The dissections could not be identified by either clinically or even macroscopic examinations of the autopsy materials. It is likely that the dissecting coronary aneurysm is not so uncommon nor fatal lesion as previously thought. Considerable number of the cases would be concealed in those of sudden death not autopsied or carelessly autopsied, or in those survived myocardial infarction not angiographied. PMID- 7113703 TI - Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the thymic region. AB - A case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma in thymus in a 59-year-old Japanese female is presented. She died of cardiac tamponade due to tumor invasion ater a 5 years' clinical course. At autopsy the main tumor was found in the thymic region with metastases to the sternum, regional lymph nodes, pericardial, and left pleural cavity. The mucoepidermoid carcinoma might be probably originated from a hen's egg-sized cyst which was located in the upper posterior aspect of the tumor involved thymus. No teratomatous components were present. The cyst was most likely to be of thymic or bronchogenic cyst origin, though it was not determined, in view of the lining with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium of the cystic wall and the surrounding with the thymic tissue outside. Moreover, there was thymic hyperplasia with germinal center that was compatible with SLE-like symptoms in her past history and autoimmune nature of the autopsy findings of pulmonary fibrosis. PMID- 7113707 TI - Renal clearance of fluoride in a steady state condition in man: influence of urinary flow and pH changes by diet. AB - In order to study fluoride renal clearance, four subjects were given 3 mg fluoride as sodium fluoride tablets every 6 hrs for 60 hrs during two separate periods - during production of acid urine induced by a protein rich diet and during production of alkaline urine obtained by giving a vegetarian diet. Plasma and urine were collected every third hour for 72 hours during each experiment. In the protein rich diet period urinary pH was significantly lower than when the subjects were maintained on the vegetarian diet. Lower urinary output of fluoride during the protein rich diet experiment was recorded, however, the difference was not significant. Plasma fluoride at steady state was almost the same during both experiments. Renal fluoride clearance was significantly correlated to urinary pH in both types of experiments. When renal fluoride clearance was plotted versus urinary flow, the correlation was only significant during alkaline conditions. The average renal clearance was not significantly different between the two sets of experiments. It may be concluded, that pH and diuresis both influences fluoride renal clearance. Moreover, the results suggests that dietary components as such, influence renal clearance of fluoride in some way or another. PMID- 7113708 TI - Reduction of blood cholinesterase activities following administration of soman by different routes in guinea-pig. AB - The inhibition of erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity following intravenous, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, or percutaneous administration of sublethal doses of soman in guinea-pig has been investigated. The inhibition was found to be almost completed within 1 min., 20 min., 60 min. or 90-120 min. respectively, the inhibition rates were of first order, and half-lives were dose dependent. The possibility of storage of soman after administration of sublethal doses was also examined by the injection of electric eel acetylcholinesterase. It is concluded that there is very little, if any, storage of free soman in the organism after injection of sublethal doses of soman. PMID- 7113709 TI - Monooxygenase activities of human liver, lung, and kidney microsomes - a study of 42 post mortem cases. AB - The cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase system was examined in microsomal fractions prepared from 42 post mortem human livers and 9 lungs and kidneys. Electron microscopy studies indicated that the human liver samples were relatively free of mitochondrial and plasma membrane contamination, but samples of kidney and lung were less pure. The microsomal fractions from all organs were judged to be relatively free of haemoglobin and methaemoglobin. The specific enzyme activities for several drug substrates for the monooxygenase, NADPH cytochrome c reductase activity and the content of the microsomal cytochromes were measured. The values of the biochemical parameters studied were found to be quite variable and the values for the human liver were appreciably lower than those obtained with liver microsomes from laboratory rodents. The enzyme activities of the human kidney and lung microsomal fractions were 1-10% of those seen for human liver samples, except for NADPH-cytochrome c(P-450) reductase activity. In order to evaluate any post mortem changes in human liver, correlations between drug metabolism activities and either cytochrome P-450 or NADPH-cytochrome c (P-450) reductase content were examined. Strong correlations (r greater than 0.91) were seen only between aminopyrine or ethylmorphine demethylase activity and cytochrome P-450 content in samples obtained within 4 hours of death. Longer post mortem times gave poorer correlation between activity and cytochrome content. These studies document several conditions required in order to obtain human microsomal fractions representative of the activities in fresh, viable tissue. PMID- 7113710 TI - Ethoxyacetic acid and N-ethoxyacetylglycine: metabolites of ethoxyethanol (ethylcellosolve) in rats. PMID- 7113711 TI - Actions and interactions of diazepam and alcohol on psychomotor skills in young and middle-aged subjects. AB - Healthy pretrained men participated in three separate controlled double-blind and cross-over trials. There were 10 students in Trial I, 11 army officials or policemen aged 38-59 years in Trial II, and 11 students in Trial III. After single oral doses of diazepam 10 mg (D), placebo, alcohol 0.5 g/kg (A) or D+A, given at one-week intervals in balanced order, the psychomotor skills (choice reaction, tracking, attention, flicker fusion) were repetitively measured up to 2.5 hrs. Serum D concentrations were measured by gas chromatography. D alone impaired flicker fusion in trials I and II, and also reactive and coordinative skills in trial III. A alone slightly impaired skills and failed to potentiate D effects. Increasing age rendered the performance worse but this was due to increased base-line errors rather than to enhanced responses to D. Serum D concentrations tended to rise in the presence of A suggesting an inhibition of D demethylation by alcohol. Both total and free concentrations of D were similar in both age groups. The results suggest that in spite of unaltered sensitivity to D, middle-aged subjects have a lowered margin of safety when driving or using machinery under D treatment. PMID- 7113712 TI - Effect of alcoholic beverages on the pharmacokinetics of doxycycline in man. AB - In a randomized cross-over trial on six healthy medical students, alcohol (lg/kg) ingested as whisky did not modify significantly the absorption of 200 mg of doxycycline (DC) given in two tablets. Cheap red wine with a clear taste of acetic acid postponed the absorption of DC for 2-3 hours without affecting its 24 hour AUC or urinary excretion significantly. Another similar trial with other wines on 8 healthy students suggested that good regular wines do not retard DC absorption irrespective of their tannic acid content. However, acetic acid may postpone DC absorption by possibly slowing the rate of gastric emptying. PMID- 7113713 TI - Arachidonate metabolism is changed by dipyridamole in guinea pig isolated lungs. AB - Fifty nmol of 14C-arachidonic acid was injected into the pulmonary circulation of guinea pig isolated lungs and the metabolites were analysed from the non recirculating perfusion effluent. The main metabolites in the effluent were thromboxane B2 (TxB2), 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, a metabolite group migrating on TLC plate near to 15-keto-PGE2 and a group of two metabolites (probably 12L hydroperoxy- and 12L-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acids). Pulmonary infusion of dipyridamole (20 microM) increased the amount of TxB2 in the perfusion effluent. The amounts of other metabolites were unchanged, 2, 20 or 100 microM of dipyridamole had no effect in vitro on the activity of NAD+-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase in the 100,000 X g supernatant fraction of guinea pig lungs. PMID- 7113714 TI - Studies of the contracting mechanism induced by slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A): interaction with calcium. AB - The present study demonstrates the Ca2+ dependency of the contractions elicited by egg albumin and SRS-A in isolated tracheal preparations from sensitized guniea pigs. The egg albumin contraction consisted of a rapid, initial and a long lasting, tonic phase; the first phase independent and the latter dependent of extracellular Ca2+. The SRS-A contraction was completely dependent of extracellular Ca2+ ions. On the other hand, the egg albumin contraction of the parenchymal strips was not influenced by extracellular Ca2+. SRS-A released Ca2+ from a microsomal fraction of sensitized lung tissue. This effect was, however, absent in microsomes from desensitized lung tissue. It is suggested that the Ca2+ -mobilizing effect of SRS-A is of utmost importance for the initiation of contraction of the tracheal smooth muscle. PMID- 7113715 TI - Effects of repeated dosing of methyl mercury on in vivo protein synthesis in isolated neurones. PMID- 7113716 TI - Deleterious effects of arsenic on the growth of fingerlings of a freshwater fish, Colisa fasciatus (Bl. & Sch.). PMID- 7113717 TI - Effects of penicillins in vitro on mucociliary activity of rabbit trachea. AB - The effect of eight penicillins on the mucociliary activity of rabbit trachea was tested in vitro. Carbenicillin and ampicillin had a minor inhibitory effect. Penicillin G and V and pheneticillin were a little more ciliestatic. Propicillin, cloxacillin and dicloxacillin were most toxic. The mucociliary toxicity increased with increasing lipophilicity of the penicillins and correlated well with their known neurotoxic in vivo effects. PMID- 7113718 TI - Mechanism of ergotamine-induced decrease of peripheral systolic blood pressure in man. AB - We have previously reported a consistent decrease of peripheral-central systolic blood pressure (SBP) gradients after ergotamine. SBP was measured with cuffs and it is unknown whether measured values reflect changes of intra-arterial SBP or increase of vessel wall tone beneath the cuffs. We hence studied the effect of ergotamine tartrate 0.5 mg intravenously on finger-arm systolic gradients after the following procedures: Infiltration around finger arteries with papaverine (n = 2) and dihydralazine (n = 3), occlusion of blood supply to a finger by an inflated cuff before and 2 hours after ergotamine (n = 6). A normal reduction in finger-arm systolic gradients was seen. The ergotamine-induced decrease of peripheral SBP must therefore be due to a fall in peripheral intra-arterial SBP i.e. to contraction of arteries proximal to the digital arteries. Intra-arterial injection of 10 micrograms ergotamine tartrate caused similar decrease in finger arm systolic gradients as intravenous administration of 0.5 mg (n = 1) indicating a peripheral site of action. PMID- 7113719 TI - Pharmacokinetics of intravenous metronidazole in man. AB - Metronidazole (500 mg) was infused over 20 min. to five patients. At the end of the infusion blood samples were drawn at brief intervals. After subsequent metronidazole analysis the curve plotted for the elimination of the drug showed a bi-exponential profile. Mean peak serum concentrations reached 15 micrograms per ml. At the end of the distribution phase, which was 20 to 30 min. after the infusion, the concentrations had fallen to 10 micrograms per ml. A two compartment model was used to calculate the kinetic parameters. The elimination half-life ranged from 4.7 to 15.8 hours, the total clearance from 43 to 193 ml per min., and the peripheral distribution volume from 41.5 to 79.11 1. The areas under the serum level curves exhibited a four-fold variation, due to differences in either metabolism or elimination rate. PMID- 7113720 TI - Dependence of lung uptake of lidocaine in vivo on blood pH. AB - Lung uptake of lidocaine was studied in anaesthetized Swedish landrace pigs using the double indicator dilution method with indocyanine green dye as intravascular marker. The pigs were given infusions of sodium bicarbonate or hydrochloric acid to arterial blood pH in the range 7 to 8. Lung uptake of lidocaine was found to correlate statistically significant (P less than 0.05) with pH. Lung uptake in the first injection before the infusion of acid or base, was 42 +/- 4 (mean +/- S.E.M.)%. The uptake was not found to correlate to cardiac output. The conclusion from this work is therefore that lung uptake of xenobiotic amines in part is dependent on blood pH. PMID- 7113722 TI - Protein binding of doxepin and desmethyldoxepin. AB - The protein binding of doxepin (DOX) and desmethyldoxepin (DDOX) were studied in serum and plasma samples from healthy volunteers and psychiatric patients. Binding was measured by equilibrium dialysis (16 hrs at 37 degrees) and drug concentrations by radioimmunoassay. In addition, albumin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein concentrations of the samples were measured by radial immunodiffusion. The mean +/- SEM percentages of unbound DOX were: 20.4 +/- 1.2 and 15.9 +/- 1.2 in healthy subjects (n = 16) and patients (n = 15) respectively, and those of DDOX: 21.4 +/- 0.9 and 19.0 +/- 1.4 for healthy subjects and patients, respectively. There was a significant negative correlation between serum alpha 1-acid glycoprotein concentration and free fraction of DOX in both groups. In healthy subjects a significant negative correlation was also found between albumin concentrations and free fraction of both DOX and DDOX. Binding experiments with isolated protein fractions revealed that all of the total binding in plasma could be explained by binding to albumin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. The observed 2--4-fold interindividual variability in the free fractions of these drugs is probably less important than the much larger variability in the total serum concentrations. PMID- 7113721 TI - Thallium-201: autoradiography in pigmented mice and melanin-binding in vitro. AB - Autoradiography with 201Tl+ in C57Bl mice showed a strong labelling of the eye melanin and of pigmented hair follicles. An analysis of the affinity of thallium for pigment from cow eyes indicated a binding to three groups of sites and showed a marked sensitivity to the addition of H+-ions. The results are consistent with the conception that a binding of thallium occurs to the free carboxyl groups of the melanin and that the structure of the polymer has a marked influence on the affinity. Similar results have previously been obtained with other cations. There was no indication that the strong in vivo affinity of thallium to melanin is due to a more firm binding than for other cations which do not localize on melanin in vivo. Instead, the ability of cations to pass the melanocyte membranes and reach the melanin granules is probably decisive to whether a melanin binding will take place in vivo. Toxic effects on the eye and epilation are symptoms of thallium intoxication which may be related to its melanin binding. The fate of 201Tl+ in some other tissues is also described and discussed. PMID- 7113723 TI - Selective affinity of dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and 2-amino-4 phenylsulphonylbenzenesulphonamide (NSD 3004) for the large intestinal mucosa of mice. AB - Whole-body autoradiography of 14C-labelled dimethyl sulphoxide and 35S-labelled 2 amino-4-phenylsulphonylbenzenesulphonamide revealed a selective accumulation of labelled substance in the large intestinal mucosa of mice. The mechanism of accumulation is discussed with regard to previous results on sulphone-containing compounds with tissue-specific distribution patterns. PMID- 7113724 TI - Penicillin toxicity in isolated rat hepatocytes revealed by decreased incorporation of valine into proteins. AB - Rat liver parenchymal cells were isolated from normal and barbiturate pretreated rats. Cells from untreated animals were exposed to penicillin over a concentration range from 0.14 mM to 14.0 mM (50-5000 micrograms/ml). An inhibition of the incorporation of 14C valine into stationary and medium proteins, ranging from 23% at 0.28 mM to 90% at 14.0 mM, was observed. The effect of a single dose penicillin (1.4 mM) on protein incorporation, enzyme leakage and viability was compared to the effect of paracetamol (6.6 mM) and tertiary butanol (10.9 mM). In these concentrations paracetamol and penicillin both inhibited the incorporation of valine into cell and medium protein in hepatocytes from untreated rats. Tertiary butanol showed no such effect. No drug affected the viability or the leakage of enzymes from the hepatocytes. In cells from barbiturate treated animals both paracetamol, penicillin and tertiary butanol had a significant inhibitory effect on the incorporation of radioactive labelled precursor into cell and medium proteins, but no effect on the leakage of enzymes or viability. The ratio between labelled medium and cell proteins was 31% lower in suspensions of control cells from barbiturate treated animals than in cells from untreated rats. It was concluded that penicillin may exert marked effects on protein metabolism in the frequently used isolated rat hepatocyte system, especially if the drug concentration well exceeds the usual cell culture concentration of 30-60 micrograms/ml. PMID- 7113725 TI - Cytotoxic effects of N-hydroxyparacetamol in suspsensions of isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - The cytotoxicity of N-hydroxyparacetamol (N-OH-pHAA), a postulated proximate metabolite of the hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic analgesic paracetamol, was studied in suspensions of hepatocytes isolated by collagen-perfusion of livers of male rats. Incubation of cells with 0.25-2.0 mM N-OH-pHAA led after 3-5 hours to increased cell permeability measured by increased trypan blue uptake, increased NADH penetration or leakage of prelabelled 51Cr. N-OH-pHAA rapidly depleted cellular glutathione, 16% of initial levels were seen after 30 min. incubation. 3H-N-OH-pHAA bound covalently to cellular proteins in a time- and concentration dependent manner, considerably higher binding rates were seen with boiled cells compared to intact cells. Pretreatment of animals with the cytochrome P-450 inducer phenobarbital did not affect N-OH-pHAA cytotoxicity or covalent binding, whereas the cytochrome P-450 inhibitor metyrapone inhibited both cytotoxicity and binding. Lipid peroxidation in hepatocytes could be seen as a limited range of N OH-pHAA concentrations. In contrast, lipid peroxidation was an early event in cells exposed to carbon tetrachloride. A minimal exposure time of 30 min. of the hepatocytes to N-OH-pHAA was sufficient to elicit cellular damage occurring after 3-5 hours. PMID- 7113726 TI - Modulation of N-hydroxyparacetamol cytotoxicity in suspensions of isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - The effect of inhibitors of toxicity of N-hydroxyparacetamol (N-OH-pHAA), a postulated proximate metabolite of paracetamol, was studied in isolated rat hepatocytes. Additions of ascorbate, menadione, thiol-containing amino acids and glutathione (GSH) led to an increased stability of N-OH-pHAA, reduced the covalent binding of N-OH-pHAA to cellular protein and decreased GSH depletion caused by N-OH-pHAA. Two to three hours elapsed after a 30 min. exposure of the cells to N-OH-pHAA before the cells responded with increased cell permeability. Ascorbate, acetylcysteine, GSH and promethazine were capable of inhibiting this second phase of N-OH-pHAA cytotoxicity in addition to their effects during the initial exposure phase. In contrast, the anti-oxidant tocopherole and phenacetin wee only effective during the second phase. Increasing the incubation medium pH during the second phase of N-OH-pHAA mediated cellular damage resulted in decreases in cytotoxicity. Lipid peroxidation, as measured by accumulation of thiobarbituric acid reactive metabolites, did not seem to be directly correlated with cytotoxicity, since cysteamine or higher concentrations of N-OH-pHAA inhibited lipid peroxidation without decreasing cellular damage. PMID- 7113727 TI - Isolation and determination of the diastereomers of the glucuronidated 5-(4 hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin in human urine using HPLC. PMID- 7113728 TI - Studies on a rotating disk method to determine drug dissolution rates from inert PVC matrices. PMID- 7113729 TI - Studies on the physical properties of tablets and tablet excipients. V. Film coating for protection of a light-sensitive tablet-formulation. PMID- 7113730 TI - In vitro and in vivo studies on lidocaine formulated in an o/w cream and in a polyethylene glycol ointment. PMID- 7113732 TI - Some observations and comments on the psychosocial profile of first-ever referrals to the psychiatric hospital, Enugu, Nigeria. PMID- 7113733 TI - Factors influencing prolactin release induced by electroconvulsive therapy. AB - Electroconvulsions have been reported to induce rapid elevations of serum prolactin (PRL) levels. To further evaluate factors involved in the hormonal release an extended study was performed. Blood samples for determination of PRL were withdrawn from depressed patients 5 min before and 15 min after administration of electroconvulsions. Significant elevations of PRL levels were found in 35 of 37 patients. Increase in PRl levels was significantly correlated to duration of seizures but not to duration of the electric stimulation. The hormonal response to electroconvulsions was diminished with age. Patients on lithium medication had significantly more pronounced rises of PRL levels than patients treated with other psychotropic drugs and otherwise untreated patients. The results indicate that the elevation in PRL levels is a biochemical marker of the seizure activity during electroconvulsive therapy. PMID- 7113731 TI - EEG antecedents of thievery. AB - In Gothenburg studies using clinical and electroencephalographic techniques have been undertaken continuously since 1958 on a large number of individuals of all ages. All individuals studied were without impairment to the central nervous system, according to a number of well-defined defined clinical criteria, and were termed normal. The term "normal" is used primarily because it is short. As part of the continued investigation, information has been gathered from social bureaus in Gothenburg and from federal registers. It was observed that youths and children who were found guilty of theft showed EEG abnormalities of some kind (in the EEGs taken several years earlier) statistically significantly more often than other youths and children belonging to our normal material. Among the characteristics discovered by EEG can be noted paroxysmal activity during sleep, slow alpha activity and spectral-analytical measurements corresponding to lower EEG ages than the individuals' actual ages. PMID- 7113734 TI - Immunological parameters in Alzheimer's pre-senile dementia. AB - Serum immunoglobulin levels and C3 and C4 complement concentrations were assayed and serum tested for the presence of autoantibodies in 17 patients with pre senile Alzheimer's disease. The majority of patients showed a reduced level of one or more of immunoglobulins IgG, IgA or IgM. No significant abnormality was found to indicate an autoimmune disorder. PMID- 7113735 TI - C3 complement level in the blood of multiple sclerosis patients. PMID- 7113736 TI - Cytogenetics of spontaneous abortions. PMID- 7113737 TI - [Computer tomography after transient ischemia]. PMID- 7113738 TI - [Electricity and stiffness of the isolated rat heart]. PMID- 7113740 TI - The dipyridamole-PCG-test, a pattern for noninvasive assessment of left ventricular function in coronary heart disease. PMID- 7113739 TI - [Pleural and pulmonary changes in thoracic injuries]. PMID- 7113741 TI - Lipid peroxides and alpha-tocopherol in rat streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. AB - Measurement of lipid peroxides and alpha-tocopherol was undertaken in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. In sera and livers in diabetic rats, the lipid peroxides increased but alpha-tocopherol decreased. To study the effect of vitamin E deficiency in the diabetic state, diabetes was induced in rats maintained on a vitamin E deficient diet. Serum lipid peroxides increased greatly but alpha-tocopherol decreased. Lipid peroxides and alpha-tocopherol increased in the liver of vitamin E deficient states. In the liver, vitamin E deficient diabetic rats had lower lipid peroxides levels but higher alpha-tocopherol levels than vitamin E deficient non-diabetic rats. On the basis of the present experiments, it was considered that the decrease of alpha-tocopherol might be due to consumption as an antioxidant as lipid peroxides increased in sera and livers. The decrease of lipid peroxides in the liver was thought to play an important part of the increase in serum lipid peroxides. PMID- 7113742 TI - A study on the mechanism of the development of extramedullary hemopoiesis in adult mouse liver. AB - A single withdrawal of blood (about 0.6 ml) from a splenectomized mouse induced extramedullary hemopoiesis in the liver. Twenty days after splenectomy, blood was taken from the retroorbital sinus. Hemopoietic foci in the liver increased in number daily reaching maximum value 6 days after blood withdrawal, then decreased gradually to the initial level with recovery of the hematocrit value and disappearance of reticulocytosis 25 days after blood withdrawal. Hemopoietic foci were pure erythrocytic, granulocytic, megakaryocytic or unclassified, but not mixed. Small unclassified cell foci appeared first, increased in number, followed by the development of erythrocytic, granulocytic and megakaryocytic foci. This suggests that small unclassified cell foci grow to erythrocytic and large granulocytic ones. Most of the liver hemopoietic foci were in the intralobular area. Some were in the portal area; none of these were megakaryocytic. Electron microscopic observation revealed that lymphoid cells having distinct nucleoli migrate into Disse's space through the sinusoidal walls. There they proliferate by cell division to form large foci in the perisinusoidal area. The morphologic characteristics of the lymphoid cell are discussed. PMID- 7113743 TI - Purification and characterization of cysteine aminotransferase from rat liver cytosol. AB - Cysteine aminotransferase (L-cysteine: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.3) was purified over 400-fold from the high-speed supernatant fraction of rat liver. The purified enzyme was homogeneous as judged by gel filtration, isoelectric focusing and disc electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the enzyme was about 74,000 by gel filtration and the isoelectric point was 6.2 (4 degrees C). The enzyme catalyzed transamination between L-cysteine and 2-oxoglutarate and the reverse reaction. The optimum pH was 9.7. The Km value for L-cysteine was 22.2 mM, and that for 2-oxoglutaric acid was 0.06 mM. L-Aspartate was a potent inhibitor of the cysteine aminotransferase reaction. The enzyme was very active toward L-alanine 3-sulfinic acid at pH 8.0, and was also very active toward L aspartic acid (Km = 1.6 mM). Ratios of activities for L-aspartic acid and L cysteine were essentially constant during the purification of the enzyme. Evidence based on substrate specificity, enzyme inhibition, and physicochemical properties indicates that cytosolic cysteine aminotransferase is identical with cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase (L-aspartate: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.1). PMID- 7113744 TI - Increase in stenotic resistance following a brief coronary occlusion in the anesthetized open-chest dog. AB - Changes in the stenotic resistance of a coronary artery following brief coronary occlusion were studied in the anesthetized open-chest dog. A critical coronary stenosis was constructed by tying a thick string around the circumflex coronary artery (LCx) near its origin. The LCx was occluded for 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 seconds with and without coronary stenosis then the reactive hyperemia was observed. In the absence of the stenosis, resistance of the segment of the large coronary artery remained unchanged during the reactive hyperemia independent of the duration of occlusion. In the presence of the stenosis, however, stenotic resistance increased for a certain time after the release of occlusion. This increased resistance lasted longer with more severe stenosis and with longer duration of coronary occlusion. These results suggest that stenotic resistance can increase dynamically, and that the duration of increased resistance may reflect the severity of the stenosis. PMID- 7113745 TI - Cholinesterase of skeletal muscle and its subcellular components. AB - The cholinesterase activity of skeletal muscle and its subcellular components, including motor endplates, was compared chemically in human, mouse and rat. The total cholinesterase activity of muscle per unit protein was in the descending order of human, mouse and rat. Cholinesterase was present in all subcellular components fractionated by differential centrifugation, and was greatest in the microsome fraction followed, in descending order, by the mitochondria, myofibril, and supernatant fractions. Each of these fractions had greater cholinesterase activity in human muscle than in mouse muscle, and in mouse muscle than in rat muscle. The ratio of the activity of the microsome fraction to the activity of muscle homogenate was 11.1 in human, 4.6 in mouse and 3.4 in rat. Because of its relatively greater proportion, the myofibril fraction seems to contribute most to the total cholinesterase activity of muscle. Muscle membrane contained high cholinesterase activity of motor endplates, and the activity was greater than the activity of the microsome fraction in rat. Cholinesterase activity per motor endplate was in the descending order of rat, human and mouse, and the variation was less than the variation in the total muscle cholinesterase activity among these species. PMID- 7113747 TI - A cerebellar ataxic rat produced by kainic acid and changes in concentration and turnover rates of catecholamines in discrete brain regions. AB - We made an animal model of cerebellar ataxia by injections of kainic acid into the cerebellar hemispheres on both sides of male rats. The histological and behavioral changes were observed at 4 weeks following the injections. The concentrations of catecholamines and the disappearance rates of alpha-MPT-induced catecholamines were measured in discrete regions of the brain of sham-operated and kainic acid-lesioned rats. A lowered dopamine disappearance rate was seen in the accumbens nucleus of the lesioned rats, but no change in norepinephrine. These findings suggest that the decrease in dopamine turnover in the accumbens nucleus is involved in the development of ataxic behavior. PMID- 7113746 TI - Effects of stimulation of the satiety and feeding centers on gastric, cecal and rectal motility in the rat. AB - The effects of electrical stimulation of the satiety and feeding centers (SC, FC) on gastric, cecal and rectal motility were studied in rats anesthetized with urethane. Each center produced excitatory, inhibitory and biphasic responses in these organs. Cecal and rectal responses to stimulation of SC or FC were usually the opposite of the gastric response; for example, the gastric response was excitatory, whereas cecal and rectal responses were inhibitory. Gastric and cecal excitatory responses were abolished by vagotomy and the rectal response by severance of parasympathetic branches of the pudendal plexus (PSB). Gastric and ceca inhibitory responses were fairly depressed by vagotomy and abolished by successive splanchnicotomy, while the rectal inhibitory response was abolished by severance of inferior mesenteric nerves (IMN) and PSB. It was concluded that the satiety and feeding centers modulate not only gastric motility but also cecal and rectal motility, and that the excitatory response is conveyed through vagus nerves to the stomach and cecum and through PSB to the rectum. The inhibitory response is mediated mainly through vagus nerves, partially through splanchnic nerves to the stomach and cecum, and through IMN and PSB to the rectum. The characteristics of efferent terminal neurons eliciting excitatory and inhibitory responses were studied pharmacologically. PMID- 7113748 TI - Inhibition of human motor endplate cholinesterase by anticholinesterase compounds. AB - The inhibition of human motor endplate cholinesterase by anticholinesterase compounds was studied using isolated muscle membrane preparation. Ambenonium was most potent, and edrophonium was least potent in inhibiting motor endplate cholinesterase. The slope of the regression line for inhibition of motor endplate cholinesterase was greatest for ambenonium, and smallest for neostigmine and edrophonium. These compounds were less potent inhibitors of plasma cholinesterase. Ambenonium was more specific, and other compounds were less specific inhibitors of motor endplate cholinesterase. In myasthenic patients, these compounds produced adequate inhibition of motor endplate cholinesterase even in the presence of relatively mild plasma cholinesterase inhibition. PMID- 7113750 TI - Spindle-like activity appearing during paradoxical sleep in rats with iron induced cortical focus. AB - Under barbiturate anesthesia, male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g were injected with 2.5 microliters of 0.2 M FeCl3 solution into the left sensori-motor cortex to induce an epileptic focus with minimal abnormal activities. Polygraphy started 1 week after the surgery, showed a spindle-like hypersynchronous activity that appeared not only in the slow wave sleep period but also during paradoxical sleep (PS). This activity had a frequency of 8-14 Hz. The amplitude was more than 200 mu v in the right (non-injected side) cortex but very small in the left cortex (injected side). Isolated spike discharges were observed in an ECoG of slow wave sleep. Apart from this activity there was nothing resembling the usual sleep spindles. PMID- 7113749 TI - Cholinesterase activity of the motor endplate in rat intercostal muscle. AB - Cholinesterase activity was localized solely in the motor endplate of the membrane in rate intercostal muscle. The diameter of rat motor endplates in the gradient dimension was 31.9 micrometers. The cholinesterase activity per unit protein of the soluble fraction of rat muscle membrane was 35.6% higher than the original membrane. From studies with specific substrates and cholinesterase inhibitors, the cholinesterase activity of rat muscle membrane and its soluble fraction consists of more than 90% acetylcholinesterase and less than 10% pseudocholinesterase. PMID- 7113751 TI - Creatine kinase and recurrent myocardial infarction. AB - Daily measurements of serum creatine kinase (CK) activity have been performed in 31 patients during hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction (MI). If CK was raised, isoenzyme B was analysed as well. In this way one probable silent MI and another two overt MIs were diagnosed. MI recurred within three months after discharge in another five patients. None of these eight patients showed even small increases in the daily CK activity when in hospital. This study does not support the concept that reinfarction is a stepwise damage of the myocardium. PMID- 7113752 TI - Deep breathing, Valsalva, and tilt table tests in diabetics with and without symptoms of autonomic neuropathy. AB - Autonomic neuropathy (AN) test results (Valsalva manoeuvre, deep breathing, and tilting) are frequently impaired in diabetics without symptoms of AN, particularly in those with peripheral neuropathy (PN). We have investigated 24 asymptomatic diabetics with PN, 17 diabetics with symptoms of AN and 24 healthy controls. The heart rate reactions to the three tests were impaired in both patient groups. The Valsalva manoeuvre could not distinguish between the patient groups. The heart rate reaction to deep breathing, estimated as the expiration/inspiration (E/I) ratio, was slightly more disturbed in patients with AN than those with PN (1.04 vs. 1.09, p less than 0.05) but the frequency of abnormally low E/I ratios was high in both groups (76.5 vs. 54.2%, NS). The immediate heart rate reaction to tilting, estimated as the brake index, clearly separated the patient groups. An abnormally low brake index was shown in 82.3% of AN patients and in 33.3% of PN patients (p less than 0.01). The study shows that the deep breathing test is sensitive for AN but an impaired immediate heart rate reaction to tilting is more specific for symptomatic AN. PMID- 7113754 TI - Digoxin-hydroxychloroquine interaction? PMID- 7113753 TI - Correlation of Electrophysiology and morphology in myocardial sarcoidosis. A case report. AB - A 44-year-old man with systemic sarcoidosis for 11 years developed myocardial sarcoidosis with left bundle branch block and recurrent ventricular tachycardia prior to death. Autopsy showed granulomas and fibrosis in the myocardium including the left ventricular free wall, septum and His bundle, particular the left bundle branch. This is in accordance with the ECG findings. PMID- 7113756 TI - Giant cell arteritis. PMID- 7113755 TI - Splenic granulomas in Farmer's lund disease. An extrapulmonary manifestation of extrinsic allergic alveolitis. PMID- 7113757 TI - Utilization of analgesics from 1970 to 1978. Prescription patterns in the county of Jamtland and in Sweden as a whole. AB - A comparative analysis of the usage of analgesics in the county of Jamtland and in Sweden 1970-78 has been carried out. An attempt was also made to map out the indications for prescribing such drugs. Both in Jamtland and in Sweden as a whole, analgesics sold over the counter accounted for more than half of the total usage. The same was true for fixed drug combinations. Analgesics were prescribed each year to 17% of the population of Jamtland. Fixed drug combinations containing sedatives maintained a large fraction of the amount of analgesics prescribed--31% of defined daily doses (DDDs) in 1978. Arylalkanoic acids (ibuprofen and naproxen), introduced in 1975, soon took a substantial part of the market--13% of DDDs in 1978. Though arylalkanoic acids were registered for treatment of degenerative joint diseases, four of five patients in Jamtland received them only once or twice during a two-year period. In the national study, every third prescription of these drugs was for degenerative joint diseases. The pattern of usage revealed in this study calls for improved pharmacotherapeutic training of physicians to make drug treatment more rational. PMID- 7113758 TI - Bone scintigraphy in the diagnosis of skeletal involvement and metastatic calcification in multiple myeloma. AB - The contribution of bone scintigraphy to the diagnosis of skeletal involvement in multiple myeloma was evaluated in a consecutive, unselected series of 25 previously untreated patients. Definite scintigraphic abnormalities were found in 11 patients (localized in 4, generalized in 7) (44%). In the majority of patients the clinical value of the information gained from scintigraphy was roughly equal to that found by radiography. However, 2 patients with normal and 2 with questionable bone scans had X-ray evidence of skeletal involvement, and the extent of bone destruction in 4 cases was seriously underestimated in the bone scans. Small osteolytic lesions were as a rule not detected by scintigraphy. On the other hand, in 8 patients the bone scan added information of involvement of ribs, pelvis and vertebrae, not clearly visualized by X-ray. In 2 patients, both with IgA myeloma, hypercalcemia and uremia, a massive extraskeletal uptake of the bone-seeking isotope was observed. Autopsy verified in one case the presence of a disseminated metastatic calcification. PMID- 7113760 TI - Risk factors for death for males and females. A study of the death pattern in the Stockholm prospective study. AB - In the Stockholm Prospective Study, 531 male and 163 female deaths had occurred during 14.5 years of observation. Deaths were divided into three categories: "ischemic", "neoplastic" and "other" and their relations to entry characteristics were analyzed. For ischemic vascular deaths age, smoking, systolic blood pressure and triglycerides were independent risk factors for both sexes, while cholesterol and weight/height index were not. For neoplastic deaths age, smoking, systolic blood pressure and ESR were positively and cholesterol and weight/height index negatively associated. This negative association was found especially for colon carcinoma and not for, e.g., prostatic and bronchial carcinoma in men. For other deaths age, blood pressure and ESR were independent risk factors for men, and age, smoking and ESR for women. PMID- 7113759 TI - Doppler ultrasound in mitral stenosis. Assessment of pressure gradient and atrioventricular pressure half-time. AB - In 16 patients with mitral stenosis (MS), alone or in combination with either mitral insufficiency (2 pats.) or aortic valve disease (3 pats.), the mean diastolic pressure gradients across the mitral valve calculated by Doppler ultrasound were significantly correlated to the catheterization data. The average mean pressure drop by Doppler was 11.8 mmHg and by catheterization at rest 16.7 mmHg. A significant correlation between gradients was also found in 5 patients who exercised supine on a bicycle. Atrioventricular pressure half-time (T1/2), i.e. the time during which the pressure drops from the peak value to half of its initial value by the Doppler technique, was significantly correlated to mitral valve area (MVA) determined from catheterization data. Increasing T1/2 reflected decreasing MVA. It is concluded that Doppler ultrasound is a useful method in the evaluation of patients with MS. PMID- 7113761 TI - A hemodynamic study of arteriolar changes in patients with previous malignant hypertension. AB - Blood flow resistance was studied in two peripheral vascular beds in 15 patients with previous malignant hypertension and in matched groups of patients with "benign" hypertension and control subjects. Both hypertensive groups had significantly higher resistance in the hands (skin vessel bed) at maximal dilatation (2.5 and 2.5 U, respectively) than the normotensive group (1.9 U) (p less than 0.01). This increase indicates structural changes in the arteriolar wall in both hypertensive groups. It indicates a similar degree of adaptation of the vascular changes to the present blood pressure level in both hypertensive groups, although the initial blood pressure had been much higher in the group with previous malignant hypertension than in the group with "benign" hypertension. Different findings were made in the calves (muscle vessel bed), and the most severe changes were found in patients with previous malignant hypertension. Resistance at maximal dilatation was 2.4 U compared to 1.9 U in the group with "benign" hypertension (p less than 0.05) and 1.6 U in the control group (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.05, respectively). PMID- 7113762 TI - The prognosis for patients admitted to a coronary care unit due to suspected acute myocardial infarction with and without confirmed diagnosis. AB - In a retrospective study the incidence of AMI and death after discharge from CCU have been recorded in 67 patients with and 93 without a diagnosis of AMI confirmed in the CCU. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in mortality rate during the first 3 years, 18.3% (non-AMI) and 22.4% (AMI), or in cardiac events, sudden death and AMI, 19.3% (non-AMI) and 24.9% (AMI), during the first 2 years after discharge. Non-AMI patients with either previous AMI, angina pectoris or ST-T abnormalities in the ECG accounted for the major part of cardiac events in this group. The mortality rates in the two groups, compared to a normal population matched for sex and age, were in the AMI group in the 1st year 13.4 and 2.6% (p less than 0.01), in the 2nd year 3.4 and 2.8% (p greater than 0.05), in the 3rd year 7.1 and 2.9% (p greater than 0.05) and in the non-AMI group in the 1st year 11.8 and 1.8% (p less than 0.01), in the 2nd year 3.7 and 2.0% (p greater than 0.05), in the 3rd year 3.8 and 2.1% (p greater than 0.05). It is concluded that the prognosis after discharge from the CCU is as unfavourable for patients without as for patients with AMI. The mortality is highest during the first 6-12 months after discharge. PMID- 7113764 TI - Selective serum IgA deficiency in Icelanders. Frequency, family studies and Ig levels. AB - More than 15,000 Icelanders (6.1% of the population), mostly healthy male blood donors, were screened in 1974-79 for selective IgA deficiency (SIgAD) by immunodiffusion (Ouchterlony). The frequency of SIgAD among blood donors was 1/633 (0.158%). Population and family screening yielded 35 individuals classified as IgA-deficient. Immunoglobulins A, G, M and E were measured in 119 family members of 18 propositi found by screening. Pedigree studies suggested both autosomal dominant and recessive modes of inheritance of SIgAD. A trend toward clustering of similar IgG and IgE levels (within the normal ranges) was apparent in several families. An increased IgG level in family members with SIgAD was significantly more frequent (p less than 0.001) than in members with normal levels of IgA. IgG levels were high in 12 (44%) and normal in 15 of 27 subjects with low or deficient IgA levels who were all healthy when examined, and only 5 gave a history of allergy or recurrent respiratory infections. It is suggested that immune response genes may cause the difference in Ig levels among the SIgAD family members. PMID- 7113763 TI - Dietary therapy in diabetes mellitus. Description of a recommendation prepared by the Finnish Diabetes Association's Committee on Nutrition Therapy. PMID- 7113765 TI - Myotonic dystrophy and selenium. PMID- 7113766 TI - A Bartter-like syndrome after jejunoileal bypass for obesity. AB - A case of an adult woman with a Bartter-like syndrome after jejunoileal bypass for obesity is described. Diarrhoea, hypokalaemia, high plasma renin activity, hyperaldosteronism, alkalosis, increased urinary prostaglandin E and hyperplasia of the juxtaglomerular apparatus with low or normal blood pressure were the major features. After corrective surgery the values turned only transiently towards normal, despite permanent disappearance of the diarrhoea. Spironolactone, amiloride or propranolol had no real effect on clinical symptoms or biochemical aberrations. Indomethacin, a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, normalized most of the aberrations, but--inexplicably--not the prostaglandinuria. PMID- 7113767 TI - Timolol eyedrop-induced severe bronchospasm. AB - A patient with glaucoma simplex and chronic pulmonary obstruction was treated with the non-selective beta-adrenergic blocking agent timolol in ophthalmic solution of 0.25% for 11/2 years, when he had daily asthma attacks. In a provocation test, forced expiratory volume in the first second was reduced by 56% and bradycardia was induced after application of two drops of timolol eyedrops 0.25%. The severe systemic side-effects of timolol, when used as eyedrops, are related to the liver bypass and perhaps to the fast absorption from the cornea. It is suggested that when timolol ophthalmic solution is given for the first time to glaucoma patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, they should be observed for one hour with special reference to difficulty in breathing. PMID- 7113768 TI - Whether mobility influences the osteometric features at the articular ends of the metacarpal bones. AB - A study of osteometric characteristics of first and third metacarpal bones has been undertaken with the object of assessing the relative role of mobility and length of metacarpal bones in relation to the dimensions of the head, mid-shaft and base of the respective bones. Observations regarding the length of metacarpal bones, dorsopalmar and side-to-side diameters of the head, mid-shaft and base and corresponding axial ratios have been recorded on fifty samples, each of first and third metacarpal bones. The data thus collected have been subjected to a statistical analysis, consisting of Students "t" test and Coefficient of Correlation and the inferences presented in relation to the relative importance of mobility and length in the determination of these characteristics. This analysis suggests that the shapes of the articular surfaces and the shaft cross sectional area of the metacarpal bones are not correlated to the length but are associated with mobility. PMID- 7113769 TI - A spatial reconstruction of the orbital vascular pattern in relation with the connective tissue system. PMID- 7113770 TI - Microvessels in the human orbit in relation to the connective tissue system. AB - In the connective tissue system of the human orbit, the microvascular bed mainly arises from and drains into relatively large-calibre arteries and veins. The microvascular system shows a density increase from the apical region of the orbit towards the hind part of the eye-ball. Some of the microvessels are long, often arranged in loops. The smallest-sized vessels, branches of these long microvessels, show a dichotomous branching pattern and are in general confined to one adipose tissue compartment. Besides a "metabolic" function, the microvascular system, due to its compartmentalized structure, makes theoretically possible selective blood-filling of one or more adipose tissue compartments. If this does in fact occur, the microvascular bed, in co-operation with the orbital connective tissue "organ", could serve an important biomechanical function in controlling and regulating eye-ball movements. At microvascular level, the orbital vascular system is intensively interconnected with the extra-orbital vascular system. In the next article some histological aspects of the orbital connective tissue system will be described. PMID- 7113772 TI - The connective tissue of the adult female pelvic region. A dissectional analysis. PMID- 7113771 TI - Growth variability in the rat. AB - Growth of rats during the first 40 days of postnatal life was investigated in relation to the parameters of head-body length, weight and cranial length on the basis of standard growing litters of 6 young and experimental litters of 12-14 young--the latter exhibiting a range of differences attributable to nutritional suppression. A characteristic triphasic growth spectrum manifested in all the parameters of both sexes and litter type within the preweaning period (day 1-20) of development. In the postweaning period (day 21-40) three phases of growth were also detected during analysis. Growth was shown to be at its greatest potential during the preweaning period but did not exhibit any sexual dimorphism in either type of litter. Differences in growth potential existed between the standard litter and the experimental litter but these did not detract from the overall triphasic pattern apart from slight alterations in the individual phasic length. Analysis of the postweaning period of development showed that growth was considerably slower compared to the preweaning period with sexual dimorphism appearing in the parameters. In addition, relative growth (allometric) analysis of the three parameters indicated that the growth rates differed throughout the whole of the developmental period (day 1-40) irrespective of the conditions imposed on the litter types indicating that each parameter possessed an individual growth response. PMID- 7113773 TI - [The development of the nasal septum in the rabbit. I. Its relationship with the neighboring parts of the skull]. PMID- 7113774 TI - Neuroglia: retrospect and prospect. PMID- 7113775 TI - On the possible convulsive activity of an antitussive piperidinic derivative ('tipepidina ibenzato') in man. PMID- 7113776 TI - Effects of naloxone on memory in man. PMID- 7113778 TI - Myotonic dystrophy and pilomatricomas: an unusual association. PMID- 7113777 TI - Encephalopathy with myoclonus in an uremic non dialysed patient. A case report. PMID- 7113780 TI - Immunological vasculitis-induced neuropathies during chronic hepatitis with Australia antigen positivity. PMID- 7113779 TI - Metabolic effects of pyridoxine alpha-ketoglutarate in ophthalmoplegia plus. PMID- 7113781 TI - [Renal function recovery after 10 days of anuria caused by arterial thrombosis, using extracorporeal surgery]. PMID- 7113782 TI - [Angiography of renal adenocarcinoma (review of 100 cases)]. PMID- 7113783 TI - [Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis]. PMID- 7113784 TI - [Obstructive uropathy caused by iliac vascular disease]. PMID- 7113785 TI - [New surgical technic in the treatment of female stress incontinence]. PMID- 7113787 TI - [Testicular teratocarcinoma with differentiated retroperitoneal metastasis]. PMID- 7113786 TI - [Cystic lymphangioma of the scrotum]. PMID- 7113788 TI - On the structure of the human striate area. PMID- 7113789 TI - Ethical consideration in the medical care of adolescents who consult for treatment of gonorrhea. PMID- 7113790 TI - Helping adolescents deal with pregnancy: a psychiatric approach. PMID- 7113791 TI - A parent guide for the misbehaving high school student. PMID- 7113792 TI - Adolescent runaways in suburbia: a new typology. AB - Typologies provide a tool for improving diagnosis of runaway proneness among adolescents. Researchers have found several clusters of personal and situational variables which are characteristic of runaways to a much greater extent than nonrunaways. Also highlighted are the results of the author's qualitative research on suburban runaways. The study develops a five-point continuum of parent-youth conflict. This article views the integration of typologies of runaways as an important first step in the development of basic assessment tools for adolescent clients. PMID- 7113794 TI - Parental permission to date and its relationship to drug use and suicidal thoughts among adolescents. AB - The primary purpose of this research was to determine the effects of early and late parental permission to begin dating. To accomplish this, relationships were determined between the age youngsters reported that their parents let them begin dating and the variables which relate to the participants': (1) self concept; (2) perception of their parents; (3) reported drinking and drug abuse problems; (4) reported delinquent behavior; (5) serious suicidal thoughts; (6) frequency of drug use; and (7) frequency of dating before gaining parental permission. Early permission to date was found to be significantly related to feelings of being confident, independent and tired, good relationship with mother, reported drinking and drug abuse problems, and frequent use of alcohol, marijuana, downers, cocaine and tobacco. Late permission was significantly related to feelings of being unsure, dependent and refreshed, poor relationship with mother, maternal over-strictness, and serious suicidal thoughts. In comparison to those who received parental permission to date when they were 15, both earlier and later daters were more likely to report dating before obtaining parental permission, and more likely to report either daily drug use or serious suicidal thoughts. It appears that the year following the 15th birthday may be the most appropriate time for parents to allow (or encourage) their children to begin dating. PMID- 7113793 TI - Early childbearing and poverty: implications for social services. AB - Economic problems are among the most adverse consequences associated with early childbearing. This paper looks at various social services to determine whether current services are assisting teenage mothers who liver at or below the poverty line to move toward greater productivity and self-sufficiency in adulthood. The results of a national survey of public social services to teenage mothers show that not only are current services inadequate, but are lacking in areas which are directly related to the future economic well-being of early child-bearing females. Public social services appear to be ineffectual in alleviating the conditions that lead to poverty, namely deficits connected with education, employment, home management and family planning. Black and Hispanic teenage mothers were found to be at highest risk of poverty conditions due to their greater dependence on public agencies. The implications of these service deficiencies are discussed in relation to the future economic welfare of these teenage mothers and the need for a restructuring of social services in the traditional child welfare sector. PMID- 7113795 TI - Rule-violating behavior of delinquent and non-delinquent youth in games. AB - Viewing delinquency as rule-violating behavior resulting from a failure in the socialization process, it was assumed that delinquents and non-delinquents would demonstrate differences in the frequency of rule-violating behavior, and in reactions to rule-violating behavior in games. Fifty delinquent and fifty non delinquent members of ten, ongoing neighborhood peer groups were rated by group workers in relation to their rule-violating behavior in group activities and games as it occurred in the natural group setting. It was found that there were no differences between the two groups on the boys' willingness to participate in games, their conformity to peer expectations, and their choice of competitive games. Delinquents were found to violate rules more often, to react more aggressively to rule violations of others, and to deny more often, their responsibility for rule violations. Implications as to the importance of games in socialization and their potential use in treatment are discussed. PMID- 7113796 TI - Serving high school students in need: a look at restrengthening the linkage between the school and community referral sources. PMID- 7113797 TI - Proceedings of the Twentieth Symposium on Regulation of Enzyme Activity and synthesis in Normal and Neoplastic Tissues. Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana October 5 and 6, 1981. PMID- 7113800 TI - Some comparative aspects of regulation of muscle and liver phosphorylase kinase. AB - The interaction of muscle and liver phosphorylase kinase with some proteins has been studied. It was shown that muscle G-actin has a visible stimulating effect on the dephosphorylated form of muscle phosphorylase kinase. The effect of F actin on this enzyme is very low. The interaction of phosphorylase kinase with G actin probably is one of the additional links between glycogenolysis and muscle contraction. To answer the question what subunit(s) of phosphorylase kinase is involved in the interaction with G-actin we studied the influence of actin on the kinase preparations previously activated to a different degree by partial proteolysis with endogenous protease(s) or with trypsin. G-actin has almost no stimulating effect on the preparations of phosphorylase kinase deeply activated by proteolysis (pH 6.8-8.2 activity ratio more than 0.2). The experiments with partial proteolysis allow us to suppose that alpha-subunit is involved in the interaction of phosphorylase kinase with G-actin. Skeletal muscle G-actin activates purified preparations of liver phosphorylase kinase but to a lower degree than muscle enzyme. Brain and liver calmodulin has a low activating effect on liver phosphorylase kinase in the presence of calcium. Calcium-independent action of calmodulin on the preparations of liver phosphorylase kinase is stronger; probably it is connected with a nonspecific effect of this small acidic protein on the liver enzyme. The basic protein protamine has a strong inhibitory effect on liver phosphorylase kinase. PMID- 7113798 TI - Factors controlling the concentrations of methotrexate in cultured hepatic cells. AB - The polyglutamate metabolites of methotrexate are as inhibitory to the target enzyme dihydrofolate reductase as is methotrexate. Because of their greater retention they have a longer half-life within the cells and thus a greater potential for cytotoxicity. These metabolites have been found in numerous cells and tissues and are extensively synthesized in cultured hepatic cells. Uptake of methotrexate by primary cultures of rat hepatocytes occurs by a pathway which is independent of the folate coenzymes but appears to be related in some way to cholic acid and organic anion uptake. The evidence for the commonality of these pathways is (a) an instability of both uptake systems in the absence of hormones in the culture medium, (b) nearly equal inhibition of uptake by PCMS and NEM, and (c) cross competition of cholic acid and methotrexate for entry into the cells. Cholic acid and BSP can also selectively inhibit methotrexate polyglutamate formation in hepatocytes. Methotrexate entry into H35 hepatoma cells is mediated by the transport system which is shared by folate coenzymes and is not inhibited by cholic acid, BSP or sulfhydryl reagents. At concentrations of cholic acid or BSP which inhibit methotrexate polyglutamate formation in hepatocytes there is little or no loss of polyglutamate formation in H35 cells, possibly because BSP and cholic acid are taken up less by H35 cells than by hepatocytes. PMID- 7113801 TI - Purine analogs revisited: interference in protein formation. AB - We have examined in L1210 cells in vitro the effects of three guanine analogs (8 azaguanine, 3-deazaguanine, and 6-thioguanine) on protein biosynthesis and have compared this action with respect to effects on macromolecular synthesis and mechanisms of tumor growth inhibition and cell viability. The major site of action of azaG was the inhibition of protein synthesis. TG seemed to inhibit RNA synthesis more than DNA and protein synthesis. In contrast, DG inhibited both protein and DNA synthesis but not RNA synthesis. Whereas the LD50 and ID50 for macromolecular synthesis for DG and also for azaG were quite similar, for TG the LD50 was one-tenth that of the ID50 for macromolecular synthesis. Since azaG, DG, and TG had different effects on protein and RNA synthesis, the effects of the analogs on the process of translation were examined. DG and azaG, but not TG, altered the polyribosome sedimentation profile, increasing the numbers of monosomes and smaller polysomes and decreasing the number of larger polysomes. This shift in the polysome profile was reversed by low concentrations of cycloheximide, suggesting that DG and azaG inhibited the initiation of translation. This was examined directly by the incorporation of 35S-met-tRNA into the initiation complexes. DG and azaG inhibited the formation of the 43S and 80S initiation complexes and this inhibition correlated closely with the inhibition of total protein synthesis. It is likely that the inhibition of tumor growth by azaG is due to the inhibition of initiation of translation, perhaps through actions on mRNA. The mechanism of growth inhibition for DG is not yet known but may similarly involve actions at this level. PMID- 7113799 TI - Mono ADP-ribosylation and poly ADP-ribosylation of proteins in normal and malignant tissues. AB - Three subclasses of (ADPR)n protein conjugates were quantified from intact tissue; proteins carrying poly(ADPR) and two types of mono(ADPR) protein conjugates, one susceptible, the other resistant to neutral hydroxylamine. Mono(ADPR) conjugates were found in all major compartments of the liver cell although the two subfractions were unevenly distributed. Poly(ADPR) protein conjugates appear to be restricted to the nucleus. Independent changes of the subclasses in normal and malignant tissues associated with cell growth and differentiation also point to independent functions. Hydroxylamine-resistant mono(ADPR) protein conjugates of various tissues changed with the degree of terminal differentiation. Formation of poly(ADPR) proteins, on the other hand, was stimulated by treatment of cells with alkylating agents which lead to DNA fragmentation. This points to an involvement of polyADP-ribosylation in DNA excision repair. PMID- 7113802 TI - The purine metabolism of protozoa. AB - Protozoa possess a wealth of purine-salvage enzymes, many with unique, or unusual, substrate specificities. As a result, many opportunities for the chemotherapist exist. An exemplification is found in the conversion in schistosomes of allopurinol ribonucleoside to the corresponding ribonucleotide followed by further anabolism to the very toxic 4-aminopyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine 1-ribonucleotide. The same organisms convert another inosine analog, formycin B, to the ribonucleotide, but its inhibitory effects appear to be exercised primarily by inhibition of the organism's adenylosuccinate synthase. A substantial segment of the Phylum Protozoa shows no vestigial traces of ability to synthesize purines de novo although thymidylate synthase appears to be present in many. The absence of other tetrahydrofolate catalyzed reactions suggests that these functions were never acquired. PMID- 7113803 TI - Transport of folate compounds, pterins and adenine in L1210 mouse leukemia cells. AB - L1210 mouse leukemia cells provide a convenient model for examining the mechanisms and components involved in the active transport of various metabolites and drugs. One of these transport systems exhibits a broad specificity for folate compounds, including 4-amino antagonists such as methotrexate. The primary substrate for this system is 5-methyltetra-hydrofolate (Kt = 1 microM), the principal circulating form of the vitamin in mammals. 5-Formyltetrahydrofolate (Kt = 5 microM) and Methotrexate (Kt = 5 microM) are also taken up efficiently, but folate (Kt = 100 microM) is a relatively poor substrate. Vmax for this system is ca. 15 pmoles/min/mg protein. Energy for substrate internalization is provided by an anion-exchange mechanism, and regulation appears to be mediated by cyclic AMP. The system can be inhibited irreversibly by treatment of the cells with photo-activated azido AMP or carbodiimide-activated folate compounds. The latter method allows the membrane-associated binding protein to be labeled in situ, thereby providing a means for identifying it during subsequent solubilization and purification. Guidance for this latter project is provided by previous experience in the purification to homogeneity of a similar folate-binding protein from Lactobacillus casei. L1210 cells also contain an efficient system for the transport of adenine (Kt = 20 microM; Vmax = 200 pmoles/min/mg protein). Uptake of adenine is linked with its conversion to AMP via PRPP-dependent adenine phosphori-bosyltransferase. Pterins, which have a close structural similarity to adenine (as well as to a portion of the folate molecule), are also transported into L1210 cells. Transport of [3H] 6-hydroxymethylpterin (Kt = 20 microM) was inhibited by 6-formylpterin, 6-methylpterin and 6-carboxypterin with Ki values of 42, 100 and 350 microM, respectively. Adenine (Ki = 20 microM) and various other purines were also good inhibitors of pterin transport. Present evidence indicates that adenine and pterins use separate transport systems, but isolation of the components of these systems may further delineate their interrelationships. PMID- 7113804 TI - Effects of acivicin and PALA, singly and in combination, on de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. AB - The inhibitory activities of two oncolytic amino acid analogs, acivicin and N (phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate, on pyrimidine biosynthesis have been examined in a murine tumor line, the Lewis lung carcinoma. Acivicin, an antimetabolite elaborated by Streptomyces sviceus, inhibits a spectrum of L-glutamine utilizing enzymes including carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II, the inaugurating enzyme of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. Profound inhibition of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II activity by acivicin is demonstrated in vitro as well as in vivo. N (Phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate, a rationally-designed transition-state analog of the reaction catalyzed by L-aspartate transcarbamylase, the second enzyme of the pathway, is a potent and specific inhibitor of L-aspartate transcarbamylase. Both agents, at therapeutic doses, exert marked inhibitions of their respective target enzymes and impede flux through the pathway as monitored by inhibition of pyrazofurin-provoked accumulation of orotate and orotidine. Additionally, synergistic effects are observed when acivicin and N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate are used in combination, both in terms of biochemical and therapeutic endpoints. The salient features of the actions of these drugs on pyrimidine biosynthesis in the Lewis lung carcinoma are summarized in Table 6. Comparison of the effects of acivicin with those of N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate suggest divergent actions on nucleotide biosynthesis. In spite of its pronounced sensitivity to acivicin, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II appears not to be a critical target for the antineoplastic activity of this drug. PMID- 7113805 TI - Terminal transferase in immunology and leukemia. International workshop, European Molecular Biology Organization, Elba, Italy, May 28-31, 1981. PMID- 7113806 TI - Purification of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase from pig thymus: identification of 42,000 and 57, 000 dalton species. AB - Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT, EC 2.7.7.31) has been purified 4365 fold from pig thymus. It was further separated into two molecular forms of 57,000 and 45,000 dalton by Sephadex G-100 gel-filtration. The former sedimented at 4.2s through a sucrose gradient, while the latter, at 3.6s. By a SDS-polyacrylamide gel-electrophoresis, their molecular weights were estimated as 57,000 and 42,000 dalton, respectively. Thus each of the large and small pig TdT consists of a single polypeptide of 57,000 or 42,000 dalton and has no subunit structure. These two forms were indistinguishable in antigenicity by a neutralization assay of 42,000 dalton-TdT antibody. The enzymological properties of 42,000 dalton-TdT from pig thymus were very similar to those of calf TdT which has a two-subunits structure. PMID- 7113807 TI - Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase in human fetal tissues. AB - The authors have investigated terminal deoxynucleotidil transferase (TdT) activity in the spleen, liver and thymus of a human foetus of 23 weeks. TdT significant levels have been found and two different molecular forms were defined in each tissue. PMID- 7113808 TI - Purification of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase of 60,000 dalton from mammalian thymus and thymoma immunoadsorbent column and comparison of peptide structures. PMID- 7113809 TI - Structure of calf thymus terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. PMID- 7113810 TI - Purification and characterization of multiple forms of terminal transferase from human leukemic cells. PMID- 7113811 TI - Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase help DNA polymerase alpha bypass thymine dimer. PMID- 7113812 TI - Inhibitors of DNA polymerases: their selectivity and mode of action. PMID- 7113813 TI - Afferent and efferent innervation of the labyrinth. PMID- 7113814 TI - Long-term evaluation of the treatment of Meniere's disease with betahistine HCl. AB - Long-term evaluation of patients treated continuously for a period of 12-14 years with betahistine HCl shows a success rates of more than 80%. Many of these patients had various other kinds of therapy before betahistine HCl treatment to no avail. It seems to us that betahistine HCl is only a basic long-term treatment which has no habituation and still is active in controlling Meniere's disease even after a long-term period. Other drugs such as antihistamine, phenothiazines, vitamins and tranquilizers only produce a symptomatic treatment. Betahistine HCl produces no modification or effect on the evolution of deafness. PMID- 7113815 TI - Vertebral artery compression by cervical osteophytes. PMID- 7113816 TI - Pathogenetic reflections concerning Meniere's disease. PMID- 7113817 TI - Placebo effect in surgery for Meniere's disease. A double-blind placebo controlled study on endolymphatic sac shunt surgery. PMID- 7113819 TI - Optokinetic stimulation. PMID- 7113818 TI - ENG monitoring in Meniere's disease and other vestibular disorders. PMID- 7113821 TI - Modification with NaF in disequilibrium of otospongiotic origin. PMID- 7113822 TI - Cupulolithiasis. PMID- 7113823 TI - Blinking reflexes and ischemic lesions of the brain system. PMID- 7113824 TI - [Studies on gamma crystallin from cattle lens cortex. The modified fractionation and some properties of the two major protein fractions (II, III) and PAS positive fraction f (author's transl)]. PMID- 7113825 TI - [Influence of freely moved fixation in the pattern field on VECP amplitudes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7113826 TI - [Effect of contrast on binocular VECP (author's transl)]. PMID- 7113828 TI - [Electrophysiological evaluation of retinal pigment epithelium for clinical use. (III) Clinical study in several chorioretinal diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7113820 TI - Perilymph fistula: some diagnostic problems. PMID- 7113827 TI - [Histological studies on the effect of aminoadipic acid on the rabbit retina (author's transl)]. PMID- 7113829 TI - [The separation of human cataractous lens low molecular weight proteins by chromatofocusing (author's transl)]. PMID- 7113831 TI - [Light-induced retinal damage in the albino rabbit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7113830 TI - [Transplantation of retinoblastoma into nude mouse. 3. Tumor doubling time of retinoblastoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7113832 TI - [Ultrastructural aspects of pathological changes in human retinal pigment epithelium (author's transl)]. PMID- 7113833 TI - [Aging effects of soluble proteins and high molecular weight protein aggregates of human normal lenses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7113834 TI - [Study of convergence - asymmetric eye movement during fusional convergence (author's transl)]. PMID- 7113835 TI - [Comparative studies of the effects of aminoadipic acid and some other amino acids on the rabbit retina (author's transl)]. PMID- 7113836 TI - [Carbohydrate associated with gamma crystallins of cattle lens cortex & nucleus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7113837 TI - [First flash and second flash ERPs (early receptor potentials) in diabetic retinopathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7113838 TI - ["Physiological observations on the eye movement with the acts of closing and opening of the eyelid" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7113839 TI - [The studies on saccadic reaction time. II. Cases with mental deficiency, diffuse cerebral atrophy and parietal lobe lesion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7113840 TI - [Is there sarcoid uveitis without systemic manifestations? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7113842 TI - [Immunochemical properties of minor fractions obtained from calf and cattle lens gamma crystallins (author's transl)]. PMID- 7113841 TI - [Differences in the four low molecular weight proteins and in the water content from the various types of human cataractous lenses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7113843 TI - [Eye movement disorders in myotonic dystrophy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7113844 TI - [Event related potentials (ERPs) by visual discrimination tasks. 2. A comparative study of early and late components (author's transl)]. PMID- 7113845 TI - [Event related potentials (ERPs) by visual discrimination tasks. 3. Effects by aging (author's transl)]. PMID- 7113846 TI - Postoperative treatment following internal urethrotomy. PMID- 7113847 TI - [Treatment of urethral stenosis in men]. PMID- 7113848 TI - [Long-term results of internal urethrotomy]. PMID- 7113849 TI - [Significance of endoscopic urethrotomy]. PMID- 7113850 TI - The Sachse optical urethrotomy. Long term follow-up results. PMID- 7113852 TI - [Immediate and delayed treatment of traumatic rupture of the posterior urethra. An evaluation of 69 cases]. PMID- 7113851 TI - [Surgical treatment of urethral stenosis using the Monseur technic. Apropos of 30 cases]. PMID- 7113853 TI - [The trans-symphysis route in posterior urethral stricture]. PMID- 7113854 TI - [Megacalicosis]. PMID- 7113855 TI - [Nonsecreting cortico-adrenalomas]. PMID- 7113856 TI - [Surgery of the cavernous body in the correction of congenital curvature of the penis without hypospadias]. PMID- 7113857 TI - [Treatment of chronic prostatis and post-prostatectomy prophylaxis with cefamandole]. PMID- 7113858 TI - A new urinary antiseptic with prolonged action, urfadyn PL, in the treatment of urinary tract infections. PMID- 7113859 TI - Changes in plasma progesterone levels during storage of heparinized whole blood from cow, horse, dog and pig. PMID- 7113860 TI - Foetal growth in the reindeer. PMID- 7113861 TI - Experimental post-traumatic lung insufficiency in dogs. Gross and light microscopic lung lesions. PMID- 7113862 TI - Isolation of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni from faeces of Norwegian poultry. PMID- 7113863 TI - Beta-Lactoglobulin phenotypes in Finnish Ayrshire and Friesian cattle with special reference to mastitis indicators. PMID- 7113864 TI - A comparison of two oxytetracycline formulations in cattle. PMID- 7113865 TI - Oxytertracycline residues in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) fed a commercial medicated feed. PMID- 7113866 TI - Excretion of methoxychlor in cow milk following dermal application. PMID- 7113867 TI - Evaluation of a rapid method for the determination of urea in cow's milk. PMID- 7113868 TI - Clinical bovine mycoplasmal mastitis. An epidemiologic study of factors associated with problem herds. PMID- 7113869 TI - Dynamic compression of the cervical spinal cord. PMID- 7113870 TI - Characterization of Campylobacter jejuni/coli isolated from different sources. PMID- 7113871 TI - Some characteristics of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni isolated from pigs, birds and man. PMID- 7113872 TI - Sign and oral language development of preschool hearing children of deaf parents in comparison with their mothers' communication system. PMID- 7113873 TI - Can deaf children acquire English? An evaluation of manually coded English systems in terms of the principles of language acquisition. PMID- 7113874 TI - Psycho-social aspects of deafness course as a counseling tool for the hearing impaired. PMID- 7113875 TI - Beyond the norm--social maturity and deafness. PMID- 7113876 TI - The effect of three communication modes on reading scores of deaf subjects. PMID- 7113877 TI - The instructional technologist and hearing-impaired learner: determining a need for professional development support. PMID- 7113878 TI - The use of creative movement, dramatics, and dance to teach learning-objectives to the hearing-impaired child. PMID- 7113880 TI - Muscle response to maximal fatiguing exercise in cold water. PMID- 7113879 TI - Factors affecting the symmetry of muscular work output of the knee. PMID- 7113881 TI - Managing spasticity. AB - Spasticity, a common symptom of upper motor neuron lesions, may actually aid the patient and should be treated only if it interferes with function, comfort or nursing care. Stretching exercises and elimination of nociceptive stimuli are the first steps in management. If problems persist, medication should be considered. Tenotomies are useful. Motor-point blocks and peripheral nerve blocks are temporary aids, while neurectomies usually provide permanent relief. More drastic neurosurgical procedures are reserved for uncontrolled, incapacitating cases. PMID- 7113882 TI - Irritable colon syndrome of infancy. AB - Irritable colon syndrome of infancy is the most frequent cause of chronic diarrhea in children between eight months and three years of age who are still gaining weight at a normal rate. The diarrhea occurs in response to a wide variety of stimuli, and a strong family history of functional bowel disorders is common. The usual dietary regimens for diarrhea perpetuate the problem. A regular diet, without snacks, is recommended, with fluids restricted to unchilled beverages taken with meals. PMID- 7113883 TI - Congenital absence of the vas deferens. AB - Absence of a vas deferens is a marker for more serious anomalies of the genitourinary tract. It is highly probable that the ipsilateral kidney, ureter or bladder is deformed or absent. The complete physical examination and the preoperative examination for vasectomy should include palpation to identify the vas. The existence of an accessory vas could explain failure of azoospermia following a ligation procedure. PMID- 7113884 TI - Radiographic highlights: traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta. PMID- 7113885 TI - Caring for Indochinese refugees. AB - A refugee camp in Hong Kong and a health center in Los Angeles provide data on patterns of health care among Indochinese refugees. American physicians need to be aware that incoming refugees use both Western and traditional Chinese models of medical care. In addition, they are subject to special psychologic problems resulting from their past ordeals and their resettlement in a different country. Increased emergency aid should be provided to geographic areas with large concentrations of refugees. PMID- 7113887 TI - Practical approach to the loss of smell. AB - Loss of the sense of smell can be easily confirmed in any physician's office by having the patient try to identify various odors. The etiology of anosmia can be extremely varied, including nasopharyngeal disorders such as rhinitis and tumors; neurologic conditions such as head trauma, neoplasms, vascular lesions and infections of the central nervous system; viral infections; familial and congenital disorders; drugs; industrial exposure; endocrine diseases, and several other disorders. The prognosis of anosmia is guarded, and its treatment depends on the etiology. PMID- 7113888 TI - Necrotizing spider bites. PMID- 7113886 TI - Cardiovascular fitness. AB - Cardiovascular fitness is the limiting factor in endurance activity. An individual's maximum cardiac output is limited by the heart's ability to pump blood. An indicator of this is the maximum oxygen consumption rate, which is undoubtedly established by heredity. Oxygen consumption rate standardized for weight is expressed in METS. Exercise programs increase the threshold at which angina occurs by their effect on myocardial oxygen consumption rate. An exercise prescription can be written for each individual wishing to begin a cardiovascular fitness program. PMID- 7113890 TI - Benefit of the "pill" may outweight the risks. PMID- 7113889 TI - Nonprescription anorexiants. PMID- 7113891 TI - Comparison of clinical signs and hemodynamic state in the early hours of transmural myocardial infarction. AB - The initial PCW, Killip-Scheidt classification, presence of third heart sound, and mortality were compared in 90 patients presenting with acute transmural myocardial infarction. Clinical and hemodynamic assessment was performed within 12 hours (time to clinical classification = 4.7 +/- 2.7 hours (mean +/- SD), time to hemodynamic assessment = 5.8 +/- 2.4) of the sentinel event. A poor correlation was observed between early Killip-Scheidt clinical classification and early hemodynamic state when measured as percent correct classification (66%) or as a Kappa statistic (36% for the total population, 9% for nonsurvivors). Increased initial LVFP (greater than 18 mm Hg) was associated with increased mortality (p less than 0.01) and early clinical classification was not. Addition of third heart sound information did not alter this observation. PMID- 7113892 TI - Mechanism of action of hyaluronidase in decreasing myocardial ischemia post coronary occlusion in the isolated perfused rabbit heart. AB - The influence of hyaluronidase (H) on subacute experimental myocardial ischemia was studied in isolated perfused rabbit hearts. Changes in ischemic area were assessed by epicardial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) fluorescence photography, an intrinsic high-resolution display of myocardial ischemia. Computerized determination of ischemic area was made from standardized photographs. Hyaluronidase was begun 20 minutes after coronary artery occlusion at 4 units/ml perfusate. NADH fluorophotographs were taken at 10-minute intervals up to 60 minutes of ischemia. Coronary sinus oxygen tension (PcsO2), myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2), and coronary flow were determined. After 70 minutes, the hearts were perfused with rhodamine solution to identify areas of myocardial perfusion. In 13 H-treated hearts 54.3% +/- 3.7% (mean +/- SEM) of the nonperfused area (rhodamine stained) was ischemic (NADH fluorescent). In 14 untreated hearts 79.8% +/- 3.2% of the nonperfused area was ischemic (p less than 0.0001) and the ischemic areas were uniform. The distance between perfused and ischemic tissue was 952 +/- 78 micrometers in the H hearts and 504 +/- 35 micrometers in the untreated heart (p less than 0.0001). In the H hearts PcsO2 increased to 155% of the post-ligation control while it decreased to 79% in the untreated hearts (p less than 0.0001). MVO2 decreased in the H-treated hearts to 62%; the untreated hearts had no further change. In the H-treated hearts, coronary flow increased to 146% of the post-ligation control while it fell to 91% in the untreated group (p less than 0.0001). We conclude that H increases coronary flow while decreasing MVO2 during subacute ischemia. In H-treated hearts, significant amounts of myocardium remain normoxic within the nonperfused areas, and may potentially be salvaged after prolonged myocardial ischemia. PMID- 7113894 TI - Ventricular fibrillation complicating acute myocardial infarction: reasons against the routine use of lidocaine. AB - Because of recent recommendations that lidocaine be used prophylactically in all coronary care unit (CCU) patients with suspected myocardial infarction (MI), an approach not used in our CCU, we analysed our experience with ventricular fibrillation (VF) occurring in the setting of an acute MI. The frequency of VF in all patients was 3.2%. In MI patients 5.7%, of primary ventricular fibrillation (PVF) 2.8%, and of complicating ventricular fibrillation (CVF) 6.8%. All patients with PVF were resuscitated immediately. There was an increased in-hospital mortality for patients with VF compared to patients without VF; however, the increased mortality did not seem to result directly from VF. The long-term survival of PVF patients who survived to discharge was excellent (80% at 58 months). The routine use of prophylactic lidocaine would have been of no potential benefit in 96.8% of our patients, subjecting them to extra expense and possible toxicity. Since we have found no compelling evidence that the prophylactic administration of lidocaine can reduce mortality, we do not recommend this therapy for acute MI patients in our CCU. PMID- 7113893 TI - Regional myocardial blood flow and ventricular arrhythmias following one-stage and two-stage coronary artery occlusion in anesthetized dogs. AB - Experiments were performed in 29 anesthetized dogs to compare effects of one stage and two-stage coronary artery occlusion on ventricular arrhythmias and regional myocardial blood flow (MBF). Two periods of arrhythmias were observed and both were associated with evidence suggesting reentry; i.e., activity in ischemic zone electrograms which bridged the diastolic intervals preceding ventricular ectopic beats. Early ventricular arrhythmias followed progressive deterioration of conduction in the ischemic zone, whereas later arrhythmias occurred unexpectedly with the sudden appearance of bridging activity. One-stage occlusion produced a higher incidence of ventricular arrhythmias and ventricular fibrillation than two-stage occlusion. However, there was no difference in central ischemic zone blood flow, indicating that the protective effect of two stage occlusion was not due to greater blood flow in this region. There results suggest that factors other than the degree of MBF reduction are important determinants of the incidence and severity of ventricular arrhythmias following coronary artery occlusion. PMID- 7113896 TI - Myocardial infarction before age 36 years in women: predominance of apparent nonatherosclerotic events. AB - To examine whether myocardial infarction (MI) in young women resulted from atherosclerosis, we studied 19 women aged 18 to 35 years who had documented MI at our institution from 1955 to 1979. They were compared to 20 similar men who were selected randomly. All 20 men had at least one major coronary risk factor; six of the women did not (p less than 0.01). The risk factors were up to four times more common in men. Coronary anatomy, defined in 13 women and 13 men, demonstrated patent vessels or single stenotic disease in 10 (77%) women but in only one (8%) man, and multilesion disease in only three (23%) women but in 12 (92%) men (p less than 0.005). All with patent coronaries were women. Thus atherosclerosis is more advanced and accounts for most myocardial infarcts in young men, but is less evident and accounts for only a minority of MI in young adult women, who have a greater preponderance of nonatherosclerotic related infarcts. PMID- 7113895 TI - Effects of epinephrine on the electrophysiologic properties of Purkinje fibers surviving myocardial infarction. AB - The electrophysiologic effects of epinephrine on canine subendocardial Purkinje fibers were examined 24 hours after two-stage ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Transmembrane action potential were monitored simultaneously in noninfarcted (NZ) and infarcted (IZ) zones during epinephrine superfusion at 37 degrees C. Epinephrine (10(-8) M to 10(-5) M) induced dose dependent increases in maximum rate of phase O depolarization (Vmax), action potential amplitude (APA), and maximum diastolic potential (MDP) in both NZ and IZ. Epinephrine consistently shortened effective refractory period (ERP) in both regions No significant change in action potential duration (APD) was noted at either 50% or 90% repolarization. Impulse conduction through the NZ and into the IZ was significantly improved, as indicated by an increased maximum follow-rate in each region at 10(-6) and 10(-5) M epinephrine. The IZ fibers showed a marked hypersensitivity to this agent, in that responses were particularly pronounced in the IZ vs the NZ in terms of both absolute and percentage changes. The effects of epinephrine on Vmax, MDP, APA, and ERP were generally reversed by propranolol, while remaining relatively unaffected by phentolamine, suggesting a beta adrenergic mechanism. Increased stimulation of ventricular beta-adrenoceptors in the period 16 to 72 hours after myocardial infarction may influence ventricular vulnerability to "late-phase" arrhythmias through nonuniform effects in Purkinje fibers. PMID- 7113897 TI - Reproducibility of equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography in patients with coronary artery disease: response of left ventricular ejection fraction and regional wall motion to supine bicycle exercise. AB - To evaluate the reproducibility of ejection fraction (EF) and regional wall motion (RWM) analyses by rest and exercise equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography (RNV) in the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD), 18 patients underwent two maximum, multistage supine bicycle exercise studies separated by an interval of 2 weeks. There were no significant differences in EF between the two studies, both at rest (56.0 +/- 13.8% vs 58.2 +/- 11.7%, p = NS) and with exercise (51.1 +/- 17.6% vs 54.3 +/- 17.6%, p = NS) and a highly significant correlation was shown between the two groups of values (rest r = 0.90, exercise r = 0.93, p less than 0.001). There was no significant difference in the change from rest to exercise (-4.9 +/- 12.0% vs -3.8 +/- 11.5%, p = NS) between the two studies and the correlation was highly significant (r = 0.69, p less than 0.01). The interstudy variabilities were 2.2 +/- 6.1% and 1.2 +/- 7.3% for rest and exercise, respectively, and 2.0 +/- 9.2% for the change from rest to exercise. Ninety-four percent of both rest and exercise regions had similar RWM. Eighty-one percent of the abnormally contracting regions were common to both exercise studies. Utilizing conventional criteria for the diagnosis of CAD, 11 patients had abnormal EF response and nine had abnormal RWM response to exercise on both studies. Combining EF and RWM criteria resulted in the diagnosis of CAD in 15 patients in both studies. We conclude that: (1) there were no significant differences in rest and exercise radionuclide EF and RWM between two supine bicycle exercise studies performed 2 weeks apart in patients with stable CAD and there were significant correlations between the two studies; (2) despite these correlations, the interstudy variabilities emphasize the need for the inclusion of reproducibility studies in all evaluations of interventions by exercise radionuclide ventriculography; and (3) the variations in EF and RWM response to exercise result in lack of uniformity between the two studies regarding the diagnosis of CAD based on conventional RNV criteria. PMID- 7113898 TI - Minoxidil therapy in chronic congestive heart failure: acute plus long-term hemodynamic and clinical study. AB - The hemodynamic response to minoxidil, an orally active, potent vasodilator, was evaluated in 11 patients with severe chronic congestive heart failure (CHF). The hemodynamic response was determined following single doses of 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 mg of minoxidil. The hemodynamic response was characterized by marked increases in cardiac index (+63%) and stroke volume index (+52%) and by decrease in systemic vascular resistance (-38%). There was also a slight decrease in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure from an average of 24 +/- 8 to 21 +/- 7 mm Hg. Although the average mean arterial pressure remained unchanged, one patient developed significant hypotension. Chronic minoxidil therapy (eight patients) was associated with fluid retention and weight gain. In four patients in whom fluid retention could be minimized with larger doses of diuretics, a sustained clinical and hemodynamic improvement was observed. These findings suggest that minoxidil has the potential to improve cardiac function and may be useful in chronic vasodilator therapy of CHF, provided fluid retention can be controlled. PMID- 7113899 TI - Beneficial hemodynamic effects of intravenous diazoxide in refractory congestive heart failure. AB - Despite the growing popularity of vasodilator therapy for acute and chronic congestive heart failure (CHF), no single agent has been uniformly effective and well tolerated. Therefore, we investigated the acute hemodynamic response to diazoxide, a potent and long-acting arteriolar dilator, in nine patients with severe CHF refractory to conventional treatment and, in seven of nine, other vasodilators. Diazoxide was administered intravenously in successive 300 mg infusions, each over 10 minutes, until a satisfactory response in cardiac and output occurred or a fall in arterial blood pressure or increase in heart rate was noted. The mean dose of diazoxide was 670 mg (range 450 to 900 mg). Systemic vascular resistance fell immediately, by a maximum of 44%. Arterial pressure was not changed significantly, but cardiac and stroke volume indices rose by 64% and 49%, respectively, from 2.0 +/- 0.5 to 3.3 +/- 0.6 L/min/m2 and from 24 +/- 10 to 36 +/- 9 ml/m2 (each p less than 0.001). Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure declined more gradually, by a mean of 8 mm at 4 and 6 hours after drug infusion. This hemodynamic improvement was sustained for a mean of 9.7 hours (range 6 to 12 hours). Our findings indicate that intravenous diazoxide may be useful in the management of acute heart failure and that a trial of oral diazoxide in chronic normotensive CHF is warranted. PMID- 7113900 TI - Left ventricular cineangiography in Chagas' disease: detection of early myocardial damage. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to identify early left ventricular (LV) cineangiographic signs of myocardial damage and to study the evolution of the characteristic lesions in 126 chronic chagasic patients, divided into three groups. Group I patients had no clinical, ECG, or radiologic evidences of heart disease; 41% of them manifested apical or anterior apical asynergy, suggestive of early subclinical myocardial damage. Group II patients had abnormal ECG findings and no clinical signs of heart failure. Extensive asynergy, LV dilatation, decreased distensibility, and depressed contractility were found in 98% of these cases. Group III patients presented with congestive heart failure, a greatly dilated, hypokinetic LV chamber, and a 40% incidence of large apical aneurysms, 20% with thromboses within the LV. The performance of a left cineventriculogram in our chagasic patients enabled us to diagnose early myocardial damage and to detect potentially resectable lesions, such as ventricular aneurysms and apical thromboses. PMID- 7113902 TI - Electrophysiologic effects of propranolol on sinus node function in children. AB - Little is known regarding the effects of propranolol (P) on sinus node function in children. In this study, corrected sinus node recovery time (CSNRT) and estimated sinoatrial conduction time (SACT) were measured in 10 children (ages 3 to 16 years; mean 8.3 years) without clinical evidence of sinus node dysfunction before and after intravenous P. The spontaneous sinus cycle length (SCL) increased after P(0.1 mg/kg) in all patients. Mean SCL increased 13.4% from 635 +/- 200 msec (+/- SD) to 720 +/- 202 msec (p less than 0.01). Maximum CSNRT increased in nine patients after P and mean CSNRT increased 63% from 203 +/- 61 msec to 330 +/- 190 msec (p less than 0.05). SACT changed in a random fashion after P. Mean SACT did not change significantly. We conclude that P significantly suppresses sinus node automaticity in children with normal sinus node function but has little or no effect on sinoatrial conduction. PMID- 7113901 TI - Determination of left ventricular ejection fraction by visual estimation during real-time two-dimensional echocardiography. AB - It has been shown that the measured reduction in the cross-sectional area of the left ventricle (LV), as viewed in the short axis, closely approximates its ejection fraction (EF). We assessed the reliability of using two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) to visually estimate the EF during real-time viewing, without the need of digitizers, planimetry, or calculations. Twenty-five adult hospitalized patients with either suspected or known cardiac disease were evaluated prospectively. Each patient also had gated nuclear angiography during the same admission, and 14 had cardiac catheterization with left ventriculography. The EF was determined by 2DE using a visual estimate of the percent area reduction of the LV cavity in the short-axis view at the level of the papillary muscles. All 2 DE studies were read by two or more blinded reviewers, with a value for the EF to the nearest 2.5% determined by consensus. These values correlated closely to the values determined in all 25 patients with gated nuclear angiography (r = 0.927) and the 14 patients who had left ventriculography (r = 0.935). We believe that this method of visually estimating the LVEF will enable echocardiographers to easily use 2 DE for a reliable and instantaneous assessment of ventricular function, without the need of sophisticated analytical equipment. PMID- 7113903 TI - Cardioversion of atrial fibrillation: consideration of embolization, anticoagulation, prophylactic pacemaker, and long-term success. PMID- 7113904 TI - Diagnostic value of cinefluoroscopy in the evaluation of prosthetic heart valve dysfunction. PMID- 7113905 TI - Cardiac metastasis of rectal adenocarcinoma diagnosed by two-dimensional echocardiography. PMID- 7113906 TI - Fatal atherosclerotic narrowing of the right main coronary artery: origin of the left anterior descending or left circumflex coronary artery from the right (the true "left-main equivalent"). PMID- 7113907 TI - Clinical significance of myocardial bridges. PMID- 7113908 TI - Definition of sudden coronary death. PMID- 7113910 TI - Detection of tricuspid valve prolapse. PMID- 7113909 TI - The hypothalamus and digitalis cardiotoxicity. PMID- 7113911 TI - Complementary roles of scintigraphic and angiographic techniques in assessment of the extent of coronary artery disease. PMID- 7113912 TI - Inpatient treatment of unstable angina: clinical perspective and sequential management. AB - In the last decade, increasing information has become available to the effect that an increase in coronary artery tone and coronary artery spasm play an important role in patients with various ischemic heart disease syndromes. Coronary spasm may be superimposed on a coronary vessel already severely obstructed by atherosclerosis. Conversely, spasm may occur in an artery that is only minimally involved with atherosclerosis. The majority of patients studied in the United States with both stable and unstable angina pectoris have underlying severe organic obstructive coronary artery disease. There has now emerged a considerable amount of information from several centers showing that the calcium channel blockers or calcium-flux antagonists are highly effective in the treatment of stable and unstable angina pectoris. This report focuses on the uses and limitations of one of these agents, nifedipine, in patients with unstable angina and provides a sequential approach to their management. PMID- 7113914 TI - A beginning, a continuation. 1981 annual report. PMID- 7113915 TI - 'Dear Dr. Paul'--alcoholic student's plight. PMID- 7113916 TI - Drug abuse in the Third World. PMID- 7113913 TI - 'The best of times . . .'. Address of the Chairman of the Board. PMID- 7113917 TI - Occupational exposure to talc containing asbestos. PMID- 7113918 TI - Effects of cigarette smoking on pulmonary function in asymptomatic asbestos workers with normal chest radiograms. AB - A comprehensive health screening program consisting of standardized health and occupational history questionnaire, blood chemistry profile, complete blood count, urinalysis, chest radiograph, and pulmonary function testing was organized for the Asbestos Workers Union Local Number 1 in St. Louis, Missouri. The program was available on a voluntary basis to all the workers in the Union. One hundred and thirty-five male caucasian workers or 44% of the membership volunteered to participate and all the data were used in this study. All blood chemistry profiles and urinalysis results were within normal limits. Twenty-two of the asbestos workers had radiologic pulmonary abnormalities as well as severe pulmonary function impairment. The remaining 113 workers were divided into subgroups based on the number of years of exposure to asbestos and their smoking history. Although asymptomatic, workers with more than 20 years exposure to asbestos had significantly decreased pulmonary functions compared to those with less than 20 years exposure. When smokers and nonsmokers were compared, an additive effect between smoking and asbestosis was observed. This study also discovered that significant decreases in pulmonary functions occur early in the exposure to asbestos. PMID- 7113919 TI - Controlled-delivery vapor generator for animal exposures. AB - A vapor generation system is described which provides long-term stable vapor concentrations for inhalation bioassay tests with laboratory animals. Liquid is pumped from a reservoir by a micrometering pump to the surface of a cylindrical vaporizer covered with a glass fiber wick. An 80-watt heater and temperature sensor, embedded in the cylinder, control the vaporizer temperature. Pump rates of 0.01 to 20 mL/min and surface temperatures greater than 100 degrees C can be achieved. To minimize condensation on delivery-tube walls, the vaporizer is positioned in the dilution air inlet tube leading directly into the 2-m3 exposure chamber. During exposure of rats, mice and rabbits to eleven different chemicals for periods ranging from 4 hours to over 400 daily 6-hour exposure periods, concentrations from 25 to 10,000 ppm were achieved with a dilution air flow of 280 L/min. Chamber concentrations were routinely maintained within 10% of target levels. Stable pump rates provide a method of calculating vapor concentration independent of chemical analysis. Long-term generation stability and ease of operation reduce labor requirements compared to previous generation techniques. PMID- 7113920 TI - Noise at work--tolerable limits and medical control. AB - An attempt is made to assign TLV's to noise in a manner similar to that used by the ACGIH for chemical substances. Based on these criteria and available data, it would appear that the TLV-TWA for noise should be less than 65 dBA. Since it is unlikely that this limit will be accepted at any time in the near future, another approach is necessary. It is suggested that the expected degree of social hearing impairment at age 70-75 be used as the control criteria. To establish a connection between hearing-loss and social hearing impairment, exposure data developed by Passchier-Vermeer and Robinson were correlated with presbycusis data reported by Spoor for the period following exposure. It can be shown that, even with a limit of 80 dBA, noise induced social hearing impairment among the elderly could be expected in 10% of the population. It should be the function of the Occupational Health Services to identify these people by means of audiometric testing. PMID- 7113921 TI - Acute inhalation toxicity and sensory irritation of dimethylamine. AB - The sensory irritation potential of dimethylamine (DMA) inhalation on male Fischer-344 rats and male Swiss-Webster mice was evaluated by measuring the reflex decrease in respiratory rate. In addition, the six hour LC50 for rats exposed to dimethylamine was established. Groups of 3 or 4 rats and mice were exposed for 10 minutes to concentrations of DMA ranging from 49 to 1576 ppm during which time the respiratory rate was monitored and recorded. Sensory irritation concentration-response curves were obtained and RD50 values (concentration which elicits a 50% decrease in respiratory rate) were determined to be 573 and 511 ppm for rats and mice, respectively. In another set of experiments seven groups of male rats were exposed to concentrations of DMA ranging from 600 to 6119 ppm for six hours. Mortality counts were made during and for 48 hours post exposure. The sic hour LC50 was determined to be 4540 ppm. Histopathologic examination of the respiratory tract revealed concentration related changes ranging from ulceration and necrosis to rhinitis, tracheitis, and emphysema. Overall, DMA was found to be less potent as a sensory irritant than other airborne irritants. PMID- 7113922 TI - What industrial hygienists should know about TSCA. AB - Direct participation of industrial hygiene personnel in planning and implementing compliance with several pertinent sections of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) is warranted. TSCA is administered by the Environmental Protection Agency and there is a variety of areas in which industrial hygiene input is and will be required. Major sections of TSCA which require industrial hygiene participation include Testing, Premanufacture Notices (PMNs), Regulation of Hazardous Chemicals, and Reporting and Recordkeeping. The industrial hygiene input requires interaction with other groups such as Toxicology, Environmental, Government Regulations, Legal, Medical, Research and Development, Marketing and Manufacturing in order to provide a comprehensive response to and compliance with current and anticipated TSCA rules. PMID- 7113923 TI - Health complaints attributed to the use of carbonless copy paper (a preliminary report). AB - Persistent health complaints attributed to the use of carbonless copy paper by office workers on the campus of the University of Washington led to this preliminary study. The goals were to estimate the extent of the problem in a population of known carbonless copy paper users; to describe those health problems which the users attribute to the use of carbonless copy paper; and to make a preliminary determination of the chemical constituents of the paper. Participants were asked to complete a health questionnaire and to attach to it copies of the forms they used. A minimum estimate of 10.7 health complainants per 100 users was similar to that found by investigators in Denmark, but lower than that reported by other investigators and of anecdotal material reported to the study group. There was a statistically significant association between complainants and the amount of paper used. Reports of headaches and irritation of the skin, eye and respiratory tract were similar to those reported elsewhere. Concurrent factors such as poor ventilation, high temperature and/or low humidity need to be investigated for possible synergistic or additive effects. PMID- 7113924 TI - Computerization of medical and exposure records. AB - An interdisciplinary team of occupational health professionals and computer engineers at Digital Equipment Corporation have developed a computerized system for maintaining employee medical and exposure records. The Industrial Health Monitoring System (IHMS) was designed to meet the occupational and public health needs of employees engaged in semiconductor manufacturing operations where exposure to potentially hazardous chemicals and physical agents exists. The purpose of the IHMS is to systematically retrieve and analyze data collected from industrial hygiene, health services, and clinical diagnostic testing in order to monitor the general health of the working community. PMID- 7113925 TI - The application of positive practice overcorrection to the use of hearing protection. AB - A successful habit-building technique, overcorrection, was extended into an industrial type military setting to increase hearing protection usage among airplane mechanics in a high intensity noise environment. Three natural groups were assigned randomly to three conditions: a standard daily safety lecture group (S) for an attention-Placebo control; a leader-directed overcorrection group (A); and a leader-participative overcorrection group (P). Unobtrusive pre-test baseline observations of hearing protection usage established no significant difference among groups. Overcorrection requires persons not using hearing protection to practice repeatedly putting on protection after their failure is discovered by leaders or coworkers. During the application phase, the overcorrection groups successfully increased hearing protection usage over pre test usage and in comparison to the Standard group which remained unchanged throughout the study. One of the overcorrection groups approached perfect usage. Members of the P group gave higher preference ratings than A group members. There was a decline toward original usage levels once the test was called off. PMID- 7113926 TI - Efficacy of enforcement in an industrial hearing conservation program. AB - Relative efficacy of various levels of enforcement in the use of personal hearing protective devices was investigated among employees of a large industrial plant. The main variable was that each of four groups of employees worked during a different period of enforcement policy on the use of personal hearing protection. Analysis of variance of mean hearing levels using three different audiometric grading schemes with different levels of sensitivity, namely, the 0.5, 1, 2 kHz Hearing Level Index, the 1, 2, 3 kHz Hearing Level Index, and the 4000 Hz single puretone test indicate that the enforcement policy did have a dramatic effect on the efficacy of the hearing conservation program and should give similar results in other industrial settings. When and where the use of personal hearing protection was left to the employee it was found that hearing loss among the noise-exposed was very much in excess of that among a non-noise-exposed group. Mandatory use of personal protective devices was found to be much more effective in conserving hearing that the voluntary approach. Mandatory use of earmuffs exclusively proved to be less effective than mandatory use of personal hearing protection when the employee was given a choice of earmuffs or earplugs. Enactment of the Occupational Safety and Health Act did not result in greater hearing conservation over the existing company mandatory hearing conservation program which is quite effective. PMID- 7113927 TI - Getting the message to the farmer. AB - The farm worker has been a difficult person to reach with information on the health hazards present in his/her work environment, even though the typical farm is a potentially dangerous place to work. The University of Minnesota Agricultural Extension Service has used OSHA 'New Directions' funding to develop a program specifically designed to increase the farmers' awareness of occupational health and safety hazards. The information has been packaged in units which can be used effectively by those people such as county agents, Vo-Ag teachers, and chemical dealers who have regular contact with the farmer. Each unit focuses on a single hazard such as noise, airborne substances and farm machinery repair. Slides and an audio cassette are provided along with background information for the instructor, a "pre" and "post" test, and discussion questions. Workshops providing instruction on the use of the materials are held through out the state at regular intervals. PMID- 7113928 TI - Detection of acute right ventricular infarction by right precordial electrocardiography. AB - The value of 0.1 mV or greater of S-T segment elevation in at least one right precordial lead (V4R to V6R) in defining right ventricular myocardial infarction was assessed prospectively in 43 subjects (33 consecutive patients with enzymatically confirmed infarction of varying type and location, 4 patients with unstable angina and 6 healthy volunteers). Patients with acute myocardial infarction were studied with radionuclide ventriculography and technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate myocardial scintigraphy 18.2 +/- 14.3 (mean +/- standard deviation) and 85.1 +/- 18.0 hours after the onset of symptoms, respectively. Eleven patients (Group A: 9 patients with transmural inferior infarction, 1 with transmural inferolateral infarction and 1 with transmural anteroseptal infarction) demonstrated right precordial S-T segment elevation and 22 patients (Group B: 6 patients with transmural inferior infarction, 2 with transmural posterior infarction, 3 with transmural inferolateral infarction, 3 with transmural anteroseptal infarction, 3 with transmural extensive anterior infarction, 4 with subendocardial anterior infarction and 1 with unclassified infarction) did not. Right ventricular ejection fraction was significantly lower in Group A (0.47 +/- 0.11) than in Group B (0.60 +/- 0.12) (p less than 0.01). Right ventricular total wall motion score was 63.8 +/- 15.6 percent of normal in Group A versus 94.3 +/- 8.5 percent in Group B (p less than 0.001). Technetium 99m pyrophosphate uptake (2+ or greater) over the right ventricle occurred in nine patients (81.8 percent) in Group A and in one patient (4.5 percent) in Group B (p less than 0.001). No patient with unstable angina and no healthy volunteer had S-T segment elevation in a right precordial lead. S-T segment elevation of 0.1 mV or greater in one or more of leads V4R to V6R is both highly sensitive (90 percent) and specific (91 percent) in identifying acute right ventricular infarction. PMID- 7113929 TI - Response to programmed ventricular stimulation: sensitivity, specificity and relation to heart disease. AB - This prospective study of 100 patients evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of the repetitive ventricular response and ventricular tachycardia induced by programmed electrical stimulation for identifying patients with spontaneous ventricular tachyarrhythmias. The influence of underlying heart disease on such sensitivity and specificity was also evaluated. The repetitive ventricular response was sensitive (92 percent) for detecting patients with prior spontaneous ventricular tachyarrhythmias, but lacked specificity (57 percent); the rate of false positive responses was 43 percent. Inducible ventricular tachycardia was less sensitive (65 percent) but more specific (98 percent); the rate of false positive responses was only 3 percent. Among the 100 patients, 71 had heart disease, 29 did not. The presence of underlying heart disease had no significant effect on the sensitivity and specificity of repetitive ventricular responses or ventricular tachycardia induced by programmed stimulation; it did not increase the rate of false positive responses. It is concluded that (1) ventricular tachycardia induced with programmed ventricular stimulation is an excellent basis for guiding the management of clinically significant ventricular tachyarrhythmias, regardless of underlying heart disease; and (2) the repetitive ventricular response is not useful for this purpose because of its high rate of false positive responses among patients with or without significant heart disease. PMID- 7113931 TI - Mechanism of additive effects of digoxin and quinidine on contractility in isolated cardiac muscle. AB - To evaluate the mechanism of the effect of the interaction of digoxin and quinidine on myocardial contractility, ferret right ventricular papillary muscles were isolated and the effects of digoxin, 4 x 10(-7) M, quinidine, 1 x 10(5) M and atropine, 1.5 x 10(-6) M, on peak developed force, peak rate of development of force (dF/dt) and time to peak tension were determined. The addition of quinidine to muscles treated with digoxin increased developed force 18 percent (p = 0.006) and dF/dt 35 percent (p = 0.001) without significantly changing time to peak tension. This effect was abolished by pretreatment with atropine. Quinidine alone increased developed force 35 percent (p less than 0.001) and dF/dt 70 percent (p less than 0.001) and decreased time to peak tension 22 percent (p less than 0.001) from pretreatment control values. Atropine alone increased developed force 17 percent (p = 0.02) and dF/dt 32 percent (p = 0.001) and decreased time to peak tension 13 percent (p = 0.003) from pretreatment control values. The addition of quinidine to muscles treated with atropine or of atropine to muscles treated with quinidine did not significantly change developed force, dF/dt or time to peak tension from values with either drug alone. It is concluded that digoxin and quinidine in these doses have additive effects of myocardial contractility, and that this interaction is at least partially mediated through antagonism of cholinergic influences by quinidine. PMID- 7113930 TI - A model of chronic ischemic arrhythmias: the relation between electrically inducible ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation threshold and myocardial infarct size. AB - To study the relation between inducible ventricular tachycardia and ventricular vulnerability, myocardial infarction was created in 22 closed chest mongrel dogs by inflating a balloon catheter in the left anterior descending coronary artery for 2 hours. The presence of inducible ventricular tachycardia was determined by programmed electrical stimulation of the right ventricle in each dog before and 4 days after infarction, using a transvenous electrode catheter and a "clinical" stimulation protocol. In each dog the repetitive ventricular response threshold and the ventricular fibrillation threshold were measured before and 4 days after infarction. Ventricular tachycardia was not inducible in any dog before infarction. After infarction, sustained ventricular tachycardia was inducible in 10 (45 percent) of 22 dogs and nonsustained tachycardia in an additional 4 dogs (18 percent). Ventricular fibrillation threshold was greatly reduced 4 days after infarction in dogs with inducible sustained tachycardia (mean +/- standard deviation 29 +/- 11 to 10 +/- 5 mA, p less than 0.001); the mean threshold did not change significantly in dogs without inducible sustained tachycardia. Both the ventricular fibrillation threshold and mean ventricular repetitive response threshold were reduced in the dogs with sustained ventricular tachycardia; neither was significantly altered in the dogs without sustained tachycardia. The magnitude of change in the two thresholds frequently differed; hence, a correlation was weak between the control and postinfarction repetitive response/fibrillation threshold ratio (r = 0.41). Postmortem measurement of infarct size demonstrated an association between this measurement and the presence of inducible ventricular tachycardia. Sustained ventricular tachycardia was not inducible in the presence of a small infarct. It is concluded that: (1) inducible ventricular tachycardia on the 4th day after myocardial infarction is associated with a considerable decrease in the ventricular fibrillation threshold; (2) changes in the repetitive response and fibrillation thresholds after myocardial infarction may not be parallel, complicating the use of the repetitive ventricular response threshold as a substitute for the ventricular fibrillation threshold in the postinfarction state; (3) a large infarct predisposes the heart to electrically inducible sustained ventricular tachycardia. PMID- 7113932 TI - Effects of hypertension on cardiac performance in rats with myocardial infarction. AB - To determine the effects of hypertension and myocardial infarction on cardiac performance, hemodynamic studies were performed on ether-anesthetized, female spontaneously hypertensive rats and on two strains of normotensive rats, Wistar Kyoto and American Wistar, 26 days after coronary arterial ligation. Baseline measurements of ventricular and arterial pressures and cardiac output (electromagnetic flowmeter) were obtained. Peak cardiac pumping and pressure generating capacities were determined during a volume load and aortic occlusion, respectively. Infarct size was determined by planimetry. There was a progressive reduction in mean arterial pressure in relation to infarct size in both hypertensive and normotensive rats, but this reduction was twice as great in spontaneously hypertensive rats as in the normotensive rats, such that the arterial pressure of hypertensive rats with a moderate or large infarction decreased to within the "normotensive range." However, spontaneously hypertensive rats still maintained significantly higher arterial pressures than did normotensive rats at comparable infarct sizes. There was also a progressive reduction in the peak pressure developed during an afterload stress, and this reduction was greater in hypertensive rats than in normotensive rats with a large infarct. Maximal flow-generating capacity was similarly altered in rats with infarction: Peak stroke volume index varied inversely with infarct size and the reduction in this index was significantly greater in spontaneously hypertensive rats than in normotensive rats with a large infarct. Moreover, peak stroke work index was reduced to a greater extent in spontaneously hypertensive rats than in both normotensive strains of rats at any infarct size. Thus, after myocardial infarction, greater reductions in both pressure and flow-generating capacities occurred in hypertensive rats than in normotensive rats. PMID- 7113933 TI - Regional myocardial lidocaine concentration following continuous intravenous infusion early and later after myocardial infarction. AB - The regional concentration of lidocaine using a double constant infusion technique (250 micrograms/kg/min x 15 minutes followed by 35 micrograms/kg/mg/min x 120 minutes) was studied immediately (2 hours) in seven dogs and 24 hours (six dogs) after myocardial infarction. Tissue levels were determined by gas chromatography and related to regional myocardial blood flow as determined by the radioactive microsphere technique in multiple samples. At 2 hours after infarction a significantly higher lidocaine concentration (4.1 +/- 0.42 micrograms/g) was found in zones with greatly reduced blood flow (regional myocardial blood flow less than 0.2 ml/min per g) when compared with that (2.6 +/ 0.19 micrograms/g) in zones with normal blood flow (regional myocardial blood flow greater than 0.8 ml/min per g) (p less than 0.01). In contrast, in the 24 hour model the opposite situation was observed. Although the concentration of lidocaine in the infarct zone was substantial, a significant decline in lidocaine tissue concentration was found in the zones of lowest blood flow (regional myocardial blood flow less than 0.2 ml/min per g) when compared with that in normal zones (1.76 +/- 0.21 versus 3.38 +/- 0.21 micrograms/g, p less than 0.001). In addition, no significant differences in lidocaine concentrations were found between endocardium and epicardium in any of the groups other than those related to regional myocardial blood flow. Thus, with the double constant infusion technique, lidocaine reached normal and ischemic myocardium in concentrations equivalent to therapeutic plasma concentrations, even in lower infarct blood flow zones, with no significant differences between endocardium and epicardium. Of perhaps greater significance, the age of the ischemic insult is an important determinant of lidocaine tissue distribution in infarcted myocardium. PMID- 7113936 TI - Emergency cardiac care--bootstrapping to 2,000 AD. PMID- 7113934 TI - Limitations of comparing left ventricular volumes by two dimensional echocardiography, myocardial markers and cineangiography. PMID- 7113935 TI - Quantitation and significance of horizontal cardiac motion in M mode and two dimensional echocardiography. PMID- 7113937 TI - Symposium on postoperative congenital heart disease in adults. PMID- 7113938 TI - World survey of the common cardiac malformations: developmental error or genetic variant? AB - The common cardiac malformations are prevalent throughout the world, in countries of high technology and among the primitive races. These same malformations were described 200 years ago, ectopia cordis 5,000 years ago. Their recent increase is directly related to the advent of cardiac treatment. Most cardiac malformations known to man occur in the dog. The prevalence rate of these malformations is the same in the dog and in man (5-8/1,000). Several of the malformations are heritable in specific breeds of dogs, one in rabbits, another in rats. These malformations occur in various animals that cannot interbreed. Hence the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that codes these malformations must lie in that portion of the DNA common to all mammals. This suggests that these malformations occurred during the evolution of the Mammalia. Mammals evolved from reptiles, animals with hearts of various structures for the separation of arterial and venous blood. Although the "normal" heart is the most compatible with mammalian life and hence the most common, some mammals may have evolved with a heart with different structures for the separation of arterial and venous blood. Some of these hearts have persisted. These primeval hearts we call cardiac malformations of the cyanotic group. Malformations that apparently are arrests in the development of the normal heart (patent ductus arteriosus, atrioventricular canal) may represent stages in the evolution of the "normal" heart. Although teratogens and mutagens do exist, the author conceives of congenital cardiac malformations not as arrests or errors in the development of a "normal" heart but as genetic variants. PMID- 7113939 TI - Ventricular performance in adults after operation for congenital heart disease. AB - Symptomatic ventricular dysfunction in adults who have had reparative operations for the more common congenital heart defects is uncommon. However, both invasive and noninvasive laboratory assessments of ventricular function have revealed abnormalities in some subsets of patients after repair of atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, aortic or pulmonary stenosis, tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great arteries and tricuspid atresia. Possible causative factors of late ventricular dysfunction after repair include the duration and severity of volume or pressure overload; the duration and severity of cyanosis; intermittent episodes of imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand; residuae, sequelae and complications of treatment; and acquired disease. Further long-term follow-up studies are needed to assess the effect of current methods of therapy as well as timing of operative intervention on ventricular function in adults. PMID- 7113940 TI - Second operations for pulmonary stenosis or insufficiency after repair of tetralogy of Fallot. AB - Twenty-four patients with previous surgery for repair of tetralogy of Fallot were in need of subsequent operative procedures for either residual pulmonary stenosis or pulmonary valve incompetence. The second operation was performed 1 to 21 years after the initial repair. The patients with pulmonary valve incompetence had evidence of marked right ventricular dysfunction and required pulmonary valve replacement. The patients with residual pulmonary stenosis had modifications of their pulmonary outflow tract to reduce the gradient. Five of the 15 patients with stenosis required pulmonary valve replacement. Clinical improvement has been good, but objective reversal of right ventricular dysfunction has been difficult to document. PMID- 7113941 TI - Pregnancy and its outcome in women with and without surgical treatment of congenital heart disease. AB - In the state of Connecticut, 233 women with congenital heart defects were prospectively followed up through 482 pregnancies that resulted in 372 infants who were examined frequently during their first 3 years of life. Approximately half of the women had undergone cardiac surgery and they were compared with the women without operation. There was no maternal mortality, and no patient had infective endocarditis, brain abscess or a cerebrovascular accident. The proportion of pregnancies resulting in live births did not differ significantly in mothers with and without cardiac surgery; the average live birth rate was 77 percent in all. However, the number and size of live-born infants was much greater in mothers who had become acyanotic as a result of reparative surgery than in the still cyanotic women, whether or not they had had palliative surgery. In cyanotic women, placental size was abnormally large in relation to birth weight, which was abnormally low. When the mothers were classified according to cardiac function, there was a significant difference between the number of infants born alive to mothers in good to excellent status and the number born to mothers in fair to poor condition. The latter had a significant increase in interrupted pregnancies as well as in cardiovascular complications during pregnancy. The total group had a 16.1 percent incidence rate of infants with congenital heart disease. This rate was corrected to 14.2 percent by removal of seven mothers, two with Noonan's syndrome, one with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and four with a family history of congenital heart defects. PMID- 7113942 TI - Symposium on Postoperative Congenital Heart Disease in Adults: Epilogue: the pathologist. PMID- 7113943 TI - Symposium on Postoperative Congenital Heart Disease in Adults: Epilogue. PMID- 7113944 TI - Epilogue: symposium on the adult with postoperative congenital heart disease. PMID- 7113945 TI - Embolus to the left main coronary artery. PMID- 7113946 TI - Plasma amino acid levels and amino acid losses during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. AB - Free amino acid losses into dialysate during a 24-h collection period and postabsorptive plasma amino acid concentrations were measured in 14 studies in nine clinically stable men undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Patients ingested diets containing 97 +/- 18 (SD) g/day of protein in a metabolic research unit. Total amino acid losses were 3.4 +/- 1.2 g/24 h and represented 3.9 +/- 1.9% ot total nitrogen output (in dialysate, urine and feces). The sum of plasma essential, nonessential, and total amino acid concentrations was normal, although plasma valine, leucine, and isoleucine were decreased and several amino acids were elevated. Neither plasma nor dialysate amino acids, varied with protein intake. Dialysate amino acid concentrations averaged 72 +/- 18% of plasma levels, and 29.0 +/- 3.6% of dialysate amino acids were essential. Dialysate concentrations and 24 h losses of individual amino acids each correlated with plasma levels (r = 0.83 and 0.78, respectively). Thus during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, postabsorptive plasma amino acids are, in general, well maintained. Daily losses of free amino acids during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis are rather small and are easily replaced by food intake. PMID- 7113947 TI - Release of some trace metals from disposable coils during hemodialysis. AB - In a previous study, we demonstrated that certain disposable coils are contaminated with zinc and release substantial quantities of zinc during hemodialysis, producing high postdialysis plasma zinc concentrations. The present investigation was undertaken to monitor plasma and dialysis fluid zinc and copper throughout dialysis and to estimate plasma zinc and copper uptake. Aluminum, cadmium, and lead release from coils was also determined. Venous plasma, arterial plasma, and coil chamber fluid were sampled periodically during dialysis; the trace metal concentrations were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Release of considerable quantities of zinc from the coils into the dialysis fluid, with uptake into the patient's plasma, was found. Approximately one-half of the plasma zinc uptake occurred within the first 45 min. Coils from different lots released significantly (p less than 0.001) different quantities of zinc. Plasma uptake of zinc ranged from 3.2 mg to 23.0 mg, with a mean (+/-SD) of 15.0 +/- 6.1 mg. Copper release and uptake was low. No detectable release of lead, cadmium, or aluminum was observed. The results suggest that zinc release from disposable dialysis coils should be assessed before recommending that hemodialysis patients receive zinc supplements. PMID- 7113948 TI - Plasma and urinary amino acid pattern in severe burn patients-evolution throughout the healing period. AB - Plasma and urinary amino acids were measured in 12 severely burned adults (20% of body surface area or more). Measurements were made on the day of injury, and seven times thereafter until the 28th day after trauma. During the first 7 days, a decrease in plasma concentrations of some glucose precursor amino acids and an increase of phenylalanine were observed. Plasma concentrations of branched-chain amino acids, proline, ornithine, lysine, and tyrosine remained unchanged until the 3rd wk, then rose markedly. Plasma aspartate, hydroxyproline, and methionine were unchanged throughout the study. Urinary output increased in varying degrees for each amino acid considered. Urinary isoleucine was the only amino aicd that did not increase after burn trauma. PMID- 7113949 TI - Growth and bone mineralization of normal breast-fed infants and the effects of lactation on maternal bone mineral status. AB - To determine if human milk provides for adequate growth and bone mineralization during the lst yr of life, 91 term infants were evaluated. Infants were divided into three groups human milk alone, human milk with supplemental vitamin D, and Similac. Lactating mothers who were receiving supplements of calcium and vitamin D were also studied to determine the effects of lactation on their bone mineral status. Blood was drawn from infants and mothers for measurements of serum calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Bone mineral content was measured by photon absorptiometry. Growth was similar between breast fed and formula-fed infants. Regardless of type of feeding, male infants grew heavier and longer than corresponding female infants. Serum calcium and phosphate levels were similar among the three infant groups: only 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels at 4 months and serum alkaline phosphatase at 2 wk and 6 months of age were different among the three infant groups. Biochemical and vitamin D values were similar among the lactating mothers. There were no differences in infant bone mineral content among the three groups, but male infants had higher bone mineral content than female infants. There were no effects of the duration of lactation of maternal bone mineral content or vitamin D status. PMID- 7113950 TI - Refeeding after fasting in the rat: effects on body composition and food efficiency. AB - Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were fasted for 65 h and then refed ad libitum for 8 days, during which time body weight and body composition returned to the levels of nonfasting controls. During refeeding, after a decrease on the lst day, daily food intake was moderately increased above control levels. This compensatory increase after the fast brought the total consumption for the whole period to the same level as for the controls. Thus, a greater body weight increase per gram food consumed ("food efficiency") was achieved during the refeeding period. Starvation-induced energy conservation processes thus seemed to persist during refeeding. This mechanism(s) might participate in causing weight gain after reduction as a treatment for obesity. PMID- 7113951 TI - Comparison of carbohydrate-containing and carbohydrate-restricted hypocaloric diets in the treatment of obesity: effects of appetite and mood. AB - After a weight-maintaining diet base-line, obese female inpatients were provided with either a carbohydrate-restricted diet (827 kcal; 35% protein, 64% fat, 1% carbohydrate) or a carbohydrate-containing diet (827 kcal; 35% protein, 36% fat, 29% carbohydrate) for 6 wk. When compared with the psychological adjustment during the base-line diet, there was a temporary increase in appetite and a tendency toward dysphoric moods and attitudes during the 1st wk of both treatment diets. After adaptation to the treatment diets, appetite and other psychological states were similar to those during the pretreatment weight-maintaining diet. There was no support for the idea that a carbohydrate-free protein-supplemented fast decreases appetite and elevates mood in comparison with an isocaloric carbohydrate-containing diet. Thus, suppression of appetite alone does not appear to be sufficient reason in itself for using diets of this type. PMID- 7113952 TI - Effect of exercise on spontaneous calorie intake in obesity. AB - The effect of increased physical activity on energy intake and balance was investigated in six obese women (mean 167% above ideal body weight) voluntarily hospitalized for metabolic balance studies. Three 19-day treatments-one sedentary and two with treadmill exercise which increased daily expenditure to 110% (mild) and 125% (moderate) of sedentary expenditure-were imposed on each subject. Individual daily expenditure and ad libitum intake were determined by activity diaries and covert monitoring, respectively. Subjects selected and did not not change an intake level which allowed for energy balance during the sedentary period only. Therefore, the difference between intake and expenditure between treatments was significantly different (sedentary 11, mild -114, and moderate 369 kcal/day). The negative balance observed with mild and moderate exercise was obtained because while expenditure was raised with exercise, no compensatory increase in intake occurred. Moderate, realistic levels of activity did not regulate intake. PMID- 7113953 TI - Voluntary food intake during prolonged exercise in obese women. AB - The effect of 57 days of moderate physical activity on the energy intake and balance of three obese women (187% of ideal weight) was investigated in a metabolic balance study. Food was offered in extra quantity, prepared in a palatable but simple fashion, and intake was covertly monitored. Expenditure was measured using the factorial method and indirect calorimetry done every 3 to 4 days. After a 5-day evaluation phase which no exercise was done, individual treadmill assignments were given to subjects to increase daily expenditure to 125% of sedentary levels. Mean dialy intake (1903 kcal/day) and expenditure (2882 kcal/day) did not change with time. As a result, negative energy balance was obtained and sustained. A consistent rate of weight loss (0.12 kg/day) at a reasonable cost (8200 kcal/kg)occurred. Therefore, obese women doing long-term moderate exercise do not compensate by an increase in caloric intake. This can produce a negative caloric balance when exercise is coupled with ad libitum selection of ordinary foods. PMID- 7113954 TI - Myofibrillar protein degradation in premature infants with respiratory distress as assessed by 3-methylhistidine and creatinine excretions. AB - The skeletal muscle content of 3-methylhistidine has been measured in two fetuses and four infants of 15 to 38 wk of gestation. The average concentration of skeletal muscle 3-methylhistidine is 1.11, 2.64, and 3.28 (mumol/mixed protein) for fetuses of 15 to 18 of gestation and infants of 26 to 32 and 37 to 38 wk of gestation, respectively. Myofibrillar protein degradation has been measured by the rate of 3-methylhistidine excretion in premature infants suffering from respiratory distress and weighing between 1310 and 2420 g. In 26 balance studies in six infants, total muscle protein breakdown varied from 0.92 to 1.58 g day-1 kg-1 body weight. Calculated fractional catabolism of myofibrillar protein varied from 0.38 to 1.07% per day. A trend toward a higher rate of myofibrillar protein degradation is noted during the infants' acute illness and during their rapid growing phase. PMID- 7113955 TI - Altered body composition and muscle protein degradation in nutritionally growth retarded children with cystic fibrosis. AB - To investigate nutritional growth retardation and the adaptive response to malnutrition in cystic fibrosis (CF), body composition and muscle protein catabolism were studied in nine malnourished CF children and eight healthy controls by anthropometry, measurement of whole body potassium, urinary creatinine excretion, creatinine height index, and urinary 3-methylhistidine excretion, an index of myofibrillar protein catabolism. CF children had a significant deficit of body mass (p less than 0.001), derived from both the body fat and the fat-free compartments, including a deficit in muscle mass (p less than 0.005). A deficit of muscle mass in CF was also reflected by a lower creatinine height index (mean +/- 1 SEM = 0.66 +/- 0.04 in CF, versus 0.85 +/- 0.5 in controls, p less than 0.02). Urinary 3-methylhistidine excretion was elevated in CF children and the mean (+/- 1 SEM) rate of muscle protein catabolism was 0.82 +/- 0.06 versus 0.53 +/- 0.04 kg-1 24 h-1 in CF and controls, respectively (p less than 0.01). 3-Methylhistidine excretion rates did not correlate with severity of disease as assessed by clinical score. We conclude that nutritional growth retardation in CF is characterized by a protein energy deficit resembling that of protein-energy malnutrition, but that in contrast to the normal adaptive response to protein-energy malnutrition, muscle protein catabolism is markedly increased. These data may have important implications regarding the clinical course and prognosis of CF and the design of optimal therapy. PMID- 7113956 TI - Protein evaluation of mixed diets in young adults, growing pigs, and growing rats. AB - The protein quality of mixed diets was tested using the nitrogen balance technique with a slope-ratio approach in adults, growing pigs, and rats. For diet A (milk, cereals, potatoes, meat, fish, and vegetables) and diet B (milk, cereals, and potatoes) the slope of the regression line, nitrogen balance = f (nitrogen intake) was calculated and expressed in percentage of the slope obtained for diets containing egg white protein. In man, diet A was significantly better than the egg white protein diet which was similar to diet B. In pigs, diets A and B were significantly better than egg white protein. In rats, egg white protein was significantly better than diets A and B. The results are of interest in relation to the recommendations by FAO/WHO regarding adjustment of protein allowance in relation to dietary protein quality. PMID- 7113957 TI - The effect of chronic childhood malnutrition on pubertal growth and development. AB - Pubertal growth and development were compared in 342 privileged, urban children and 347 impoverished rural adolescents from Kenya. Measurements of height, weight, upper arm circumference, and triceps skinfolds revealed marked differences between the two study groups just before the onset of sexual maturation. These differences were also found in the early stages of puberty but notable catch-up was evident throughout the later period of the maturational process. Early stages of sexual maturity were delayed by 3 yr in malnourished boys with a 2.1-yr lag in the age of onset of menarche in rural girls. Derived estimates of body fat as well as direct anthropometry revealed that the onset of puberty is not size related under the circumstances of chronic childhood malnutrition. PMID- 7113958 TI - Absorption of dietary zinc in man: comparison of intrinsic and extrinsic labels using a triple stable isotope method. AB - Determination of true absorption of dietary minerals in human subjects using "extrinsic-tag" approach with stable isotopes requires establishment of its validity. The present study was conducted to test with quantitative aspects absorption of an extrinsic-tag of zinc labeled with 70Zn as compared with an "intrinsic-tag" of the mineral as 68Zn-labeled chicken meat given simultaneously to health male subjects. Three diet periods were used in which diet modulation with respect to zinc dialy intake and nature of protein source (chicken/soy protein isolate) was also examined. Absorption was measured via quantitative fecal isotope balance of 64Zn, 68Zn, 70Zn. For the three diet period 1 (protein: chicken; Zn intake: ZN intake: 10 to 11 mg/day), 2 (protein: chicken/soy protein isolate, 50/50; Zn intake: 10 to 11 mg/day), and 3 (protein: chicken; Zn intake: 7 mg/day), fractional absorption of the extrinsic tag (mean +/- 1 SEM) was 0.46 +/- 0.06, 0.46 +/- 0.06, and 0.66 +/- 0.04 respectively. The comparable values for intrinsic 68Zn were 0.57 +/- 0.06, 0.57 +/- 0.06, and 0.72 +/- 0.04. There was a highly significant correlation (r=0.91), between zinc absorption from the two labels. However, absorption of intrinsic 68Zn was significantly higher (p less than 0.02) during all periods than that for the extrinsic 70Zn. A 50% replacement of protein from chicken meat with the soy protein isolate did not later fractional absorption of zinc from either tag. The ratio of fractional absorption of the extrinsic/intrinsic tag (mean +/- 1 SEM) was 0.79 +/- 0.06, 0.79 +/- 0.04, and 0.92 +/- 0.03 for periods 1, 2, 3, respectively. PMID- 7113959 TI - Comparison of two newly developed sets of upper arm anthropometric norms for American adults. PMID- 7113960 TI - Single nutrients and nonspecific immunity: role of folic acid on polymorphonuclear leukocytes phagocytosis. PMID- 7113961 TI - Phase II trial of bruceantin in metastatic breast carcinoma. AB - A phase II evaluation of bruceantin was carried out in 15 patients with refractory metastatic breast cancer. All patients had received extensive prior therapy including adriamycin, cytoxan, 5-FU, methotrexate, and a vinca alkaloid. Except for two patients with stable disease, no complete or partial response was observed. Drug toxicity, mainly nonhematologic, was severe, with nausea, vomiting, mild hypotension, and fever being the most frequently encountered. PMID- 7113962 TI - Splenectomy in Hodgkin's disease: no therapeutic benefit. AB - One hundred twenty-four patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease were treated uniformly with combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Splenectomy was not performed in 32 patients due to obvious stage IV disease, a medical contraindication, or patient refusal. Comparison of the splenectomy and nonsplenectomy patients revealed no differences in nadir white blood cell counts, platelet counts, or the total dosages of drugs that were administered. Survival and disease free survival curves with a 5-year median follow up also failed to show any difference in the two groups. Splenectomy does not offer a therapeutic advantage in those patients whose treatment would not be altered by splenic histology. PMID- 7113963 TI - A phase I trial of aziridinylbenzoquinone (NSC 192986) in patients with previously treated acute leukemia. AB - Twenty-two adult patients with relapsed leukemia were given aziridinylbenzoquinone (AZQ) intravenously in a phase I clinical trial. AZQ was administered as a 30-minute infusion daily for 17 days. Courses were repeated when the bone marrow returned to normal cellularity and full recovery from nonhematologic toxicity had occurred. The initial dose of AZQ was 8 mg/m2/d x 7. The highest dose given was 28 mg/m2/d x 7. A maximum of three patients were treated at each dose level and patients received at least two courses at a given dose level before they were eligible to be escalated to the next higher available AZQ dose level. Nonhematologic side effects were mild and included nausea/vomiting (32%), mucositis (18%), and alopecia (0%). Dose-limiting toxicity was bone marrow aplasia at the 28 mg/m2/d x 7 level. No complete or partial responses were observed in this initial study. For phase II adult leukemia studies using this schedule, it is recommended that the AZQ dose should be 24 mg/m2/d. PMID- 7113966 TI - Dibromodulcitol in the treatment of metastatic hemangiopericytoma. AB - Hemangiopericytoma is an uncommon sarcoma arising from the pericapillary cells. While the rarity of this lesion precludes randomized investigation, metastatic hemangiopericytoma has been noted to respond to a variety of agents, including vincristine, adriamycin, actinomycin, and high-dose methotrexate. We wish to report an unusual case of this disease which failed to respond to the above but then exhibited a marked response to dibromodulcitol. In light of the unusual nature of this response, we would like to suggest a controlled trial of the use of dibromodulcitol in patients with this rare tumor. PMID- 7113965 TI - Mitomycin C: phase I study of a constant infusion ambulatory treatment schedule. AB - Thirty patients received mitomycin C by constant infusion for 5 consecutive days (16 patients ) or for extended period by an ambulatory infusion pump (Cor-Med model) for 9 to 30 days (14 patients). The short-term 5-day infusions were delivered at dose rates of 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 mg/m2/d with a cumulative dose of 15 50 mg. The protracted infusions were delivered at dose rates of 0.75-3 mg/m2/d with a cumulative dose of 21.6-65.2 mg. Marrow suppression was dose-limiting and occurred in 5/6 evaluable patients receiving more than 30 mg in the short-term infusion schedule and 8/10 evaluable patients receiving more than 20 mg in the protracted infusion schedule. The characteristics of the marrow suppression are that: a) thrombocytopenia precedes or is observed without concomitant leukopenia and b) the nadir day is delayed (WBC day 42, platelet day 36). Mitomycin C delivered by constant infusion leads to dose-limiting marrow toxicity at 20 to 30 mg cumulative dose depending upon the dose rate and duration of treatment. For short-term 5-day therapy, 3 mg/m2/d and for protracted therapy (up to 30 d) 0.75 mg/m2/d are the recommended dose rates for the constant infusion schedule. PMID- 7113964 TI - Sequential phase II studies of chemotherapy for colorectal cancer with 5 fluorouracil and vindesine with or without methyl-1,3 cis(2 chloroethyl)-1 nitrosourea. AB - Vindesine, a newer vinca alkaloid, has been demonstrated to have activity against colorectal cancer during phase I studies. This report describes the results of two phase II trials in which vindesine was administered with 5-fluorouracil (5 FU) or in combination with 5-FU and methyl-1,3 cis(2 chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (MeCCNU). One of 16 patients (6%) given 5-FU-vindesine, and 4 of 31 (13%) patients in the 5-FU-vindesine-MeCCNU group achieved partial response (PR). Stable disease was observed in 50% of the 5-FU vindesine and 48% of the 5-FU vindesine-MeCCNU group. In each treatment group, survival of respondents and those with stable disease was statistically superior (p less than 0.02) to that of those with progressive disease; there was no difference however, in overall survival between the two treatment groups and no enhancement of survival compared to published reports of results with 5-FU alone. No chemotherapy-related deaths occurred and both treatment regimens were well tolerated. Myelosuppression, which occurred with equal (50%) frequency in both regimens, was the major dose-limiting toxicity. MeCCNU increased the incidence of gastrointestinal toxicity. Vindesine neurotoxicity occurred in approximately 4% of the evaluable courses in each group. Combination therapy with 5-FU vindesine with or without MeCCNU in the dosages administered did not significantly increase the activity of 5-FU. Further evaluation of vindesine will require dosage modification. PMID- 7113967 TI - Fluorescence of melanoma cells. A useful diagnostic tool. AB - Fluorescence seen in unstained sections from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue from cases of malignant melanoma was studied. Fourteen of 16 primary cutaneous melanomas and six of eight metastatic melanomas were positive for yellow-green fluorescence. Four of 15 nevocellular nevi were also positive. Various other cutaneous tumors examined were completely negative. This fluorescence, which can be easily demonstrated, may be used as a valuable ancillary diagnostic test for differentiating melanoma cells from other cutaneous tumor cells. PMID- 7113969 TI - A computer-assisted surgical pathology system. AB - SURPATH is a comprehensive, integrated computer-assisted system for service, research, and management in surgical pathology that has been in use at New England Medical Center (NEMC) since July 1, 1978. Functions of the system include: maintenance of patient-name and diagnostic files; generation, editing, and printing of preliminary and final specimen reports; SNOMED coding and indexing of diagnoses; retrieval and video display or printing of data on individual cases or groups of cases; billing and generation of billing reports; and, calculation of intervals between accession and signout of specimens. Use of the system has greatly facilitated the production of surgical pathology reports; increased the spread with which inquiries about individual specimens can be answered; provided rapid, accurate searches of the diagnostic files; improved timeliness, accuracy, and completeness of billing resulting in increased departmental revenue; reduced intervals between accession and reporting; and, improved the morale of the professional and support staffs. PMID- 7113968 TI - The "third wave" laboratory. PMID- 7113970 TI - Computer-assisted diagnostic surgical pathology reporting. AB - A very simple method of computer-assisted reporting of surgical pathology (including gross description, microscopic description, and diagnosis) has been developed. This method is based on a modification of the existing microbiology program and files in the comprehensive MedLab Company Pathlab computer system, with the use of mark sense cards for entering surgical number, gross and microscopic description, diagnosis and pathologist's name. The chief advantages of this system compared with other computerized surgical pathology reporting methods are its speed and simplicity of operation, reduction in clerical time, and production of concise reports for the patients' charts. PMID- 7113971 TI - Rheumatoid factor activity by rate nephelometry correlated with clinical activity in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate, prospectively, the clinical usefulness of the rate nephelometric method for determining rheumatoid factor (RF) activity, measured in International Units (IU), in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. These results were compared with those of standard latex agglutination titration. The overall correlation between clinical activity and RF activity measured by rate nephelometry and serologic titration are similar, i.e., r = 0.47 (P less than 0.001) and r = 0.43 (p less than 0.001), respectively. However, on an individual patient basis, the nephelometric determination appears to correlate better with disease activity and response to therapy than do titers. The RF activity measured in IU would give the clinician a more sensitive and precise tool with which to follow RF activity in individual patients with active disease. PMID- 7113972 TI - Vial-to-vial variation of a stabilized liquid quality control serum. AB - The vial-to-vial variation of a new ethylene glycol stabilized liquid quality control serum (DecisionTM, Beckman Instruments, Inc.) was evaluated. Intervial variation was compared with intravial variation by analyzing multiple vials in duplicate for 22 different analytes at three different concentration levels. The data were examined the Anova statistics partitioning the total variance into the variance within bottle, and the variance between bottle. The F-statistic at P = 0.05 was used to assess the significance of the results. It was concluded that there is bottle to bottle homogeneity for the analytes studied. Other advantages of this liquid material are potential decreased wastage of material due to aliquoting only the required amount of serum, and increased savings in labor time due to elimination of reconstitution that is needed for lyophilized material. PMID- 7113973 TI - Pneumococcal sepsis with false-negative blood cultures. AB - Most physicians recognize the false-positive blood cultures (generally due to contamination) are common. Bacteria such as pneumococci, however, may rapidly die in broth cultures, and viable bacteria may not be identified. Several patients were observed with pneumococcal infections that had false-negative blood cultures 24 hours after inoculation. Hemolysis and methemoglobin formation in the bottle suggested bacterial growth within 12 hours after incubation, and blind subcultures at that time yielded pneumococci. Pneumococcal antigen could be detected in the blood culture bottles using counter-immunoelectrophoresis, even though subculture at 24 hours yielded no growth. Physicians and laboratory personnel should be aware that false-negative blood cultures may occur, particularly with certain bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, and that the blood culture bottles should be observed visually for the presence of brown sediment or hemolysis. PMID- 7113974 TI - The measurement of serum 5-fluorocytosine levels in the presence of miconazole. AB - Miconazole is effective against a wide variety of fungi, and may be of value when used in combination with 5-fluorocytosine in the treatment of life-threatening mycotic infections. Because the hematologic toxicity of 5-fluorocytosine is related to high serum levels, the effects of miconazole on the standard disc diffusion assay for 5-fluorocytosine were studied. When standards were made in either undiluted or 10% pooled human serum, no difference in zone size between 5 fluorocytosine alone and the combination of 5-fluorocytosine and miconazole was found. It is concluded that, in this assay system, miconazole does not affect the disc diffusion test for serum 5-fluorocytosine levels. PMID- 7113975 TI - Mechanism of enhancement of blood group antibody reactions in low ionic strength. AB - When the ionic strength of blood samples is reduced, blood group antibodies bind to red blood cells that lack the corresponding antigen. Upon normalization of the ionic strength, the antibodies elute into the supernatant fluid. We compared, in semiquantitative terms, this nonspecific and reversible binding of various blood group antibodies. Studied with anti-CD antibodies showed that the nonspecific binding increased when the ion strength was progressively lowered. In 1/10 normal ionic strength, practically all of a high-titer anti-CD antibody bound to Rh(D) negative RBC (phenotype ce). The majority of the other antibodies studied (anti C, -c, -Fya, -Fyb, and -S) behaved similarly in 1/10 normal ionic strength, but the binding of some (anti-E, -s, and -Jka) was, at times, less complete. Most examples of anti-K antibodies, however, demonstrated very poor nonspecific binding to K-negative RBC in low ionic strength (LIS). The authors propose that the augmentation of specific blood group antibody reactions in LIS is the direct result of this nonspecific binding, and that the failure of these conditions to support the nonspecific binding of anti-K antibodies might explain the lack of augmentation (and, at times, even the impairment) of the reactions of anti-K with its antigen. PMID- 7113976 TI - The acute vasculitis of Wegener's granulomatosis in renal biopsies. AB - The kidney biopsy specimens from five patients with Wegener's Granulomatosis were reviewed in an attempt to characterize the early histological lesion when vasculitis was present. The vascular lesions were found mainly in interlobular sized arteries. The acute vascular lesions were sparse and focal, mainly localized to the intimal area, and with fibrinoid material and platelets constituting the early infiltrate. The electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy of the involved areas further emphasized the presence of platelets in the early lesion, and accentuated endothelial alterations occurring along with the intimal infiltrate. Morphologic evidence of immune complex presence was not found. PMID- 7113977 TI - Tampon-related toxic-shock syndrome. Histopathologic and clinical findings in a fatal case. AB - Toxic-shock syndrome (TSS) is consistently associated with penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the vagina of menstruating women who use tampons. Increasing evidence implicates Staphylococcal toxin(s) in the pathogenesis of the condition, but the nature and biological effects of such toxin(s) are not established. Comprehensive postmortem studies and histopathologic data are few and largely unknown. The autopsy of a 15-year-old girl with this syndrome showed extensive superficial ulcerations and thrombophlebitis of the vagina, with bacteria on the mucosal surface only. Systemic phlebitis and capillaritis, visceral interstitial edema and acute inflammation involving various organs suggest a toxic effect, which is primarily manifested by widespread vascular damage. The histogenesis of the vaginal ulcerations remains unclarified, although they probably contribute to the absorption of toxin(s). PMID- 7113978 TI - Extraadrenal myelolipoma. AB - A rare case of presacral myelolipoma surgically resected from a 72-year-old woman, who also had megaloblastic anemia and brest carcinoma, is described and compared with mass-forming extramedullary hematopoiesis, and other reported cases of extra-adrenal myelolipoma. Extra-adrenal myelolipoma should be morphologically differentiated from mass-forming extra medullary hematopoiesis. The former is encapsulated or well-circumscribed, is composed of fat cells, and has normal marrow hematopoietic elements. The latter lacks circumscription, and fat is not an integral component of the process. Clinically, myelolipoma is usually asymptomatic, and shows no consistent associated disease process, while mass forming extramedullary hematopoiesis is usually symptomatic, and is associated with myeloproliferative disorders, hemolytic anemia, or severe skeletal diseases. PMID- 7113979 TI - Recurrent primary coronary artery dissecting aneurysm (hematoma). AB - A 40-year-old man with recurrent spontaneous (non-iatrogenic) primary coronary artery dissecting aneurysm (hematoma) apparently survived long enough to permit spontaneous healing of the first coronary arterial lesion, as well as the myocardial infarct that accompanied it. Death was due to a recent myocardial infarct, located at a different site than the first one, and caused by a recent coronary artery dissection, involving a different coronary artery. The nature of the coronary artery disease was not identified until the time of necropsy. It was not related to coronary atherosclerosis, or demonstrable systemic vascular disease. Spontaneous primary coronary artery dissecting aneurysm is a rare condition. Survival, with complete healing, without the aid of surgical therapeutic intervention, has not yet been reported. The finding of a healed myocardial infarct, in the presence of grossly normal appearing coronary arteries, indicates a necessity for extremely careful histologic examination, including use of special staining procedures of the arteries supplying the areas of infarction. PMID- 7113980 TI - Pseudomembranous colitis associated with an unidentified species of Clostridium. PMID- 7113982 TI - On clinical training for pathology residents. PMID- 7113981 TI - Pancarditis in acute toxoplasmosis. PMID- 7113983 TI - Polybrene-neutralization of heparin. PMID- 7113984 TI - Virulence factors of Capnocytophaga: newer contributions. PMID- 7113985 TI - The Kentucky elderly need assessment: concurrent validity of different measures of unmet need. AB - The purpose was to examine the concurrent criterion-based validity of different measures used in a statewide in-home need assessment survey of a representative sample of 570 older persons. Need was measured and defined in four different ways in six problem areas. The criterion measure was a life satisfaction scale. The set of four need measures yielded a significant multiple R, indicating that the set would generally be related to life satisfaction in older persons. Individually, three of the four need measures made significant contributions. The set of six problem areas also yielded a significant multiple R, with four (Mental Health, Health, Income, Nutrition) making significant individual contributions. Implications for need assessment measurement included: that problem-focused measures are strongly and generally related to need satisfaction, whereas service focused measures have problems; that both evaluative and descriptive measures appear to be related to need satisfaction; and the clear value of a multineed conception for measurement and for application to program planning and resource allocation. Suggestions for improvement in measures were made and cross validation called for. PMID- 7113986 TI - Juvenile offenders' diversion potential as a function of police perceptions. AB - The study concerns the relationship of police perception of arrested male juveniles to potential police diversion (operationally defined by perception of juveniles as deserving lenient treatment). Arresting officers (n = 102) from 20 police stations provided structured reports on 174 juveniles, covering 27 questions that police considered important in encounters with juvenile offenders. Of 16 independent variables suitable for analysis, only 4 were significantly related to diversion potential when other variables were held constant (multiple regression analysis). Only 26% of the potential's variance was accounted for by the 16 variables jointly. Factor analysis yielded six latent dimensions (orthogonal factors) of police perception of juvenile offenders: offensive behavior, conformity of appearance, delinquent background, nonserious offense, favorable impression, single offender. All dimensions except "delinquent background" were significantly related to diversion potential, and an empirical rationale could be found for three of these relationships. The findings are discussed critically. It is concluded that the importance of interpersonal variables in police encounters with juveniles might be less than has been suggested in the literature. PMID- 7113987 TI - Training counseling and problem-solving skills with university students. AB - Often nonprofessionals lack specific instruction in relevant counseling and problem-solving skills. The effects of training procedures on counseling and problem-solving behaviors were examined experimentally with university students. The procedures involved the use of behavioral specifications, rationales, situational examples, study guides, and practice plus feedback on performance. Following training, the average percentage of occurrence of counseling and problem-solving behaviors increased to 89%. Generalization data in sessions with actual clients and expert ratings of the overall quality of counseling provided evidence of generalization to other settings and other evaluative dimensions of counseling and problem-solving performance. PMID- 7113988 TI - The Special Number: A compleat roadmap. Primary prevention research in mental health. PMID- 7113989 TI - A preventive program for the newly separated: initial evaluation. AB - A 6-month long preventive intervention program for newly separated persons was designed on the basis of an analysis of the literature that identified the major stressful elements in the separation experience. Following the implementation of the program, its impact was assessed by contrasting persons who were assigned to the program (n = 100) with newly separated persons who were randomly selected to serve as a no-treatment control group (n = 50). Of the nine dependent measures of adjustment used in this evaluation, five significant posttreatment differences were found, in each case favoring the intervention group. The nature of these significant differences is particularly encouraging in light of the preventively oriented objectives of the intervention program. Detailed analysis of program characteristics resulted in the identification of desirable program modifications that could be implemented when the program is reinstituted. PMID- 7113990 TI - Reducing the incidence of adolescent problems through preventive intervention: one- and five-year follow-up. AB - The conceptual importance of preventive interventions rests upon their ability to produce effects across time, settings, and behaviors. The present studies investigate whether a school-based preventive intervention, for high-risk adolescents, which has shown short-term effects of reducing predisposing factors, will show long-term effects of reducing school and community delinquency problems and substance abuse. School records and interviews 1 year after the program and arrest records at 5 years all suggest that the intervention reduced delinquency problems. The evidence was less clear for substance abuse. It was concluded that a better method for detecting substance abuse is needed before that question can be answered. The paper also discusses processes that may have mediated the delinquency results and implications for future prevention research. PMID- 7113991 TI - Primary prevention during school transitions: social support and environmental structure. AB - The nature and evaluation of a primary prevention project for students during the transition to high school are presented. In order to facilitate students' coping efforts during this transition, the project sought to increase the level of social support available as well as to reduce the degree of flux and complexity in the school setting. Midyear and end of ninth-grade assessments were done of Project and matched Control students' self-concepts. Their perceptions of the school environment, and their eighth- and ninth-grade attendance and grade averages examined. By the end of ninth grade, Project participants showed significantly better attendance records and grade point averages as well as more stable self-concepts than controls. Further, by the final evaluation point, Project students also reported perceiving the school environment as having greater clarity of expectations and organizational structure and higher levels of teacher support and involvement than did nonproject Controls. PMID- 7113992 TI - Enhancement of individual and community competence: the older adult as community worker. AB - This paper presents an evaluation of a primary prevention program designed to enhance individual and community competence in older adult community workers and in community residents with whom they worked. A total of 22 community workers and 97 community residents participated in the study; 30 residents constituted as posttest-only control group. Pre-post changes included increased knowledge of community services among all participants, as well as increased number of community information channels and increased life satisfaction for the workers. Residents, particularly black residents, became more internal, and their increased sense of personal control was related to their increased knowledge of services. Thus, the helper-therapy principle was supported for these older adult, mostly female, community workers, and their helping role had a net empowering effect. PMID- 7113993 TI - The Houston Parent--Child Development Center and the primary prevention of behavior problems in young children. AB - This study reports the effectiveness of the Houston Parent--Child Development Center (PCDC) program for preventing behavior problems in young children. The PCDC is a 2-year, intensive parent-child education program for children 1-3 and their parents. Low-income Mexican American families were randomly assigned to program or control groups. A follow-up of the program 1-4 years later, when children averaged 5 1/2 years of age, was carried out with 128 mothers who were interviewed about behavior problems of their children. A MANCOVA showed main effects for group and sex as well as a group by sex interaction. The principle result was that control boys were more destructive, overactive, negative attention-seeking, and less emotionally sensitive than program boys and girls and control girls. The program is seen as an effective primary prevention approach to behavior problems. Prior evaluations have shown that it also enhances children's cognitive skills. Other parent--child education programs should be examined as approaches to primary prevention. PMID- 7113994 TI - The San Francisco Mood Survey Project; preliminary work toward the prevention of depression. AB - A framework for the adaptation of social learning, cognitive-behavioral treatment approaches to prevention of depression is described. In addition, an illustrative example is given of a survey study that measured behavior and mood before and after a 2-week television miniseries based on these approaches; 3 of 14 behaviors showed a significant change. Mood level improved significantly more for an originally symptomatic group that watched the segments when compared to a similarly symptomatic group which did not watch them. Implications of the study for future work are delineated. PMID- 7113995 TI - Coping with life changes--a preventive social work approach. AB - Life changes requiring substantial social readjustment were utilized to identify a population presumed to be at risk. Respondents who incurred two or more life changes, e.g., death (family member or close friend), divorce, separation, loss of work, incapacitating illness of or accident to self or close family member, imprisonment and/or retirement, in the previous 6 weeks to 1 year and who had not received formal treatment were invited to the intervention. Intervention consisted of cognitive and affective measures utilizing didactic and small-group dynamics. Substantial verbal and nonverbal support was provided. A semi-crossover design was utilized. Less depression, anxiety, and interpersonal (over) sensitivity was indicated. Participants with more life changes as well as those who had experienced death in the family and/or of a close friend improved most. PMID- 7113997 TI - Stress management training for women on public assistance. AB - A life-coping skills training package for women supported by public assistance was designed to enhance self-esteem and teach life planning and stress management strategies. Ten weeks of training resulted in significant changes in scores on measures reflective of psychological distress, depression, anxiety, inadequacy, self-confidence, and ego strength. A rationale for the impact of the training is suggested. PMID- 7113996 TI - Interpersonal problem-solving in young children: a cognitive approach to prevention. AB - An interpersonal cognitive problem-solving (ICPS) intervention, designed to reduce and prevent impulsive and inhibited behaviors in black low socioeconomic status (SES) 4- and 5-year-olds, was implemented by teachers and evaluated over a 2-year period. In the first year, 113 children were trained and 106 were not. The 131 still-available in kindergarten were divided into four groups: Twice-trained (n = 39); Once-trained, Nursery (n = 30); Once-trained, Kindergarten (n = 35), and Never-trained controls (n = 27). Findings showed that (a) ICPS impact on behavior lasted at least 1 full year, (b) training was as effective in kindergarten as in nursery, and (c) for this age and SES group, 1 year of intervention had the same immediate behavior impact as 2. Further, well-adjusted children trained in nursery were less likely to begin showing behavioral difficulties over the 2-year period than were comparable controls, highlighting implications of the ICPS approach for primary prevention. PMID- 7113998 TI - The syndrome of hyperimmunoglobulinemia E and recurrent infections. PMID- 7113999 TI - Submersion accidents in children with epilepsy. AB - The risks of submersion accidents, both drowning and near-drowning, for children with seizure disorders were calculated from the present study of six children with epilepsy in a total group of 100 children with postsubmersion syndrome and from five other reported studies. Analysis of data shows that the risk for patients with seizure disorders is four times that of the normal population. Persons with epilepsy should never swim without a lifeguard or competent swimmer being aware of the diagnosis and keeping close surveillance while they are swimming. Hyperventilation, a normal occurrence while swimming, may predispose patients with epilepsy to seizures and submersion accidents by increasing the propensity to seizures. In this study, three of the victims had at least one anticonvulsant drug level within the therapeutic range immediately after the submersion accident. Therapeutic drug levels are no guarantee that seizures will not occur during swimming. PMID- 7114000 TI - Factors influencing neonatal autopsy rate. AB - To determine if common clinical factors are associated with the neonatal autopsy rate, we conducted a retrospective analysis of 117 deaths in a neonatal intensive care unit. The autopsy rate of neonatal deaths was significantly greater than the autopsy rate of adult and non-neonatal pediatric deaths. In the newborn period, the autopsy rate of transported patients was significantly less than that of inborn patients. Among those transported, autopsies were significantly less common in patients of low birth weight or low gestational age. Furthermore, among all newborns dying within two days of admission, transported patients were less likely to undergo autopsies than inborn patients. Other factors, including maternal age, race, and marital status, did not affect the autopsy rate of newborn deaths. These data suggest that early separation of the mother from her infant and the medical team caring for the infant adversely affect the process of autopsy request and consent. PMID- 7114001 TI - Spectrum of amebiasis in children. AB - In 11 patients with childhood amebiasis, only two had dysentery. Additional clinical findings included hematochezia without diarrhea (four patients), dysentery with appendicitis (one patient), exacerbation of ulcerative colitis (two patients), and disseminated infantile amebiasis (two patients). All patients with hematochezia examined by proctosigmoidoscopy had colitis. The diagnosis of amebiasis was confirmed by microscopic examination of fresh stool specimens, pathologic findings, and/or serologic titers. Amebiasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of infants and children with hematochezia or hepatomegaly, especially in endemic areas. PMID- 7114005 TI - Kwashiorker in a child in central Pennsylvania. A seven-year follow-up. AB - Follow-up of a child who had severe protein malnutrition from the ages of 3 to 6 1/2 months demonstrated intellectual and social functioning within the normal range seven years after diagnosis and treatment. Treatment consisted of peripheral alimentation, followed by an elemental infant formula (lactose free), with nutritional education of the family. PMID- 7114003 TI - Triosephosphate isomerase deficiency. A case report with neuropathological findings. AB - A 12-year-old girl had chronic nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia due to triosephosphate isomerase deficiency. Developmental and motor delay and muscular weakness were followed by cerebellar dysfunction and finally spasticity with hyperreflexia. Abnormal histopathological findings were hyaline cell bodies and axonal "spheroids" in the hypothalamus and cerebellar cortex, severe neuronal loss in the dentate and olivary nuclei, and partial loss of cerebellar Purkinje's and granular layer cells (olivocerebellar atrophy). PMID- 7114002 TI - Sustained-release theophylline for treatment of asthma in preschool children. AB - Theo-Dur, a sustained-release theophylline formulation, was administered every 12 hours for three months to ten asthmatic children aged 3 to 7 years, with no evidence of adverse reaction or tolerance. There was significant temporal variation in serum theophylline concentrations. The mean difference between the peak and trough concentrations was 6.5 micrograms/mL (range, 3 to 14 micrograms/mL) in a 12-hour period. Serum theophylline concentrations correlated well with pulmonary function test results. Nine or more hours after a Theo-Dur dose, some children needed additional bronchodilator treatment and had impairment of pulmonary function. We recommend that children aged 7 years or younger who are given Theo-Dur have monitoring of predose serum theophylline concentrations, symptoms, and signs, as many will require a dose frequency greater than every 12 hours. PMID- 7114004 TI - Intravenous indomethacin therapy in premature infants with patent ductus arteriosus. Causes of death and one-year follow-up. AB - Fifty-five infants participated in a double-blind study of indomethacin therapy for the closure of patent ductus arteriosus. Seventeen infants died. There was no significant difference in autopsy findings between the groups with respect to pneumonia, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis, intraventricular hemorrhage, hydrocephalus, kernicterus, brain softening, and renal damage. For those infants who survived and returned for follow-up at approximately 1 year of age, there was no significant difference between the control (n = 17) and indomethacin (n = 13) groups with respect to physical growth, Bayley scores, respiratory infection, abnormal eye ground, neurological defects, and abnormal EEG. Four in the control group (24%) and three in the indomethacin group (23%) had moderate to severe neurological defects and/or scored less than 80 on the Bayley Mental Development Index or Psychomotor Development Index. It appeared that indomethacin therapy did not have a long-term adverse effect on premature infants. PMID- 7114007 TI - Nuclear imaging in the pediatric acute scrotum. AB - The acute scrotum in the pediatric patient frequently presents a diagnostic dilemma for even the most experienced clinician. In an effort to improve testicular salvage in equivocal cases, immediate surgical intervention has been recommended, despite a large number of unnecessary explorations. Evaluating the sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m radioisotopic scan in 46 boys, we found this study to be a rapid, reliable, sensitive, and noninvasive test that allows the selection of those patients who require immediate surgical intervention. PMID- 7114006 TI - Paragonimiasis. Atypical appearances in two adolescent Asian refugees. AB - Paragonimiasis is a parasitic disease endemic to Asia, Africa, and South America. With the increasing number of Southeast Asian immigrants arriving in the United States, physicians should be aware of the various manifestations of this disease. We describe two adolescent Asian refugees who had atypical cases of paragonimiasis. One experienced acute abdominal pain mimicking appendicitis, and the other had asymptomatic left upper-lobe cavitation. PMID- 7114008 TI - Endotoxemia and hyperbilirubinemia in the neonate. AB - One hundred twenty-five neonates with varying serum bilirubin levels were tested for endotoxin by the limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test. Neither infection nor hemolytic disease was a contributing factor to the bilirubin levels. As the serum bilirubin level rose, positive LAL tests increased in frequency until the LAL test attained 100% at a level of 13 mg/dL. Bilirubin at different concentrations did not elicit positive LAL tests in plasma or normal saline in vitro. The LAL test was positive in urine obtained by suprapubic aspiration in 50% of neonates with positive serum LAL tests. Although bilirubin and endotoxin are cleared independently by hepatic cells with different functions, a striking relationship is evident between the endotoxin and bilirubin levels in the neonate. Immaturity of physiological liver functions in the neonate plays an important role. The LAL test cannot be used as an indicator of Gram-negative sepsis in neonates with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. PMID- 7114009 TI - Nodular toxic goiter in a teenage girl. PMID- 7114010 TI - Mongolian spots in Chinese children. PMID- 7114012 TI - Fractures in infants: child abuse? PMID- 7114011 TI - Neonatal fracture and cesarean section. PMID- 7114013 TI - To be or not to be a medical examiner/forensic pathologist: Why? PMID- 7114014 TI - Calcification of the mitral annulus and its complications. AB - Mitral annulus calcification (MAC) is a common cardiac abnormality previously considered to be of little significance. More recently several potentially fatal complications have been recognized and presentation as sudden death described. These complications include cardiac arrhythmias, mitral incompetence, calcific and thromboemboli, bacterial endocarditis, and mitral stenosis. The spectrum of pathological changes seen in MAC, their possible significance, and the features which allow distinction from other mitral valve diseases are reviewed. PMID- 7114015 TI - Arcus senilis: an important forensic physical finding. AB - Arcus senilis is a deposition of lipid at the corneal periphery. It is dependent on vascularity for formation and is not a degenerative change. The prevalence of arcus increases with age, and it appears more in blacks and males. It appears to be related to cardiovascular disease but has not been shown to be a reliable predictor of the disease. We studied the incidence of arcus width with age and found no definite correlation. PMID- 7114016 TI - An expanding .25 ACP bullet. PMID- 7114017 TI - Renal changes in selenium-exposed fish. AB - A group of green sunfish was collected from a selenium-rich lake and compared with a similar group collected from a control lake upstream in the same drainage system in east Texas. Since the level of selenium in kidneys of these fish was relatively high (averaging 11 ppm on a fresh weight basis), histopathological and ultrastructural data were collected. Kidneys from fish from the selenium-rich lake showed proliferative glomerulonephritis and hematuria as well as vacuolation and necrosis of cells of the convoluted tubules. PMID- 7114018 TI - New aluminum-jacketed ammunition: the case of the "invisible" jacket. AB - The recovery of the metallic jacket fired from higher-velocity weapons is crucial for ballistics testing. Therefore, even when exit wounds are present, radiographs should routinely be made. The use of the new Winchester Western Silvertip ammunition may present a problem to the forensic pathologist because of the use of aluminum-jacketed bullets. Aluminum is only faintly radiopaque and may easily be overlooked on x-ray. An illustrative case is reported. PMID- 7114020 TI - High acid phosphatase levels as a possible false indicator of the presence of seminal fluid. PMID- 7114019 TI - Vaginal, rectal, and oral acid phosphatase determination in a case of rape. PMID- 7114021 TI - Deadly force: some human and ethical considerations. AB - The legal aspects surrounding the use of deadly force in the United States are changing in a significant way. Police may use deadly force only to protect themselves or other innocent persons from serious bodily injury or death. Appropriate force may be used to arrest a malefactor or a fugitive from jail or prison. The documented, excessive percentage of deaths to blacks and hispanics from "police intervention" is a festering sore in American society. Numerous groups are aroused by the situation and will force some sort of controls nationwide on the use of deadly force by police. The changing climate surrounding civilian use of deadly force is dramatic and worrisome. At present, retreat carried to the extreme is the prudent legal course for the civilian victim of attack to take. Deadly force may be prudently used only when faced with immediate, fatal attack. Ethical considerations do not, in this instance, mesh with the law as it seems to be diverging from the traditional common law concepts of self-defense and sanctuary in the home. The defence of dependents is an ethical imperative that may run counter to man-made laws. Ethical considerations must be given precedence especially since the history of the United States Supreme Court decisions clearly demonstrate that law and morality are not necessarily related. PMID- 7114022 TI - Preparation of gelatin blocks containing tissue samples for use in ballistics research. PMID- 7114023 TI - Hypertensive peristalsis in the pathogenesis of chest pain: further exploration of the "nutcracker" esophagus. AB - The recently described "nutcracker esophagus" is associated with hypertensive peristaltic contractions and clinical complaints of chest pain and/or dysphagia. This report describes our experience with a group of 28 patients meeting the manometric and clinical criteria for this esophageal motor disorder, and it includes a specific comparison of contractions in the proximal and distal esophagus. Mean lower esophageal sphincter pressure, peak peristaltic pressures, mean peristaltic pressures, and contraction durations were all significantly elevated in the patient group. Using similarly radially oriented transducers, the amplitudes of peristaltic contractions in the distal esophagus were shown to be significantly greater in the patients than in an asymptomatic control group. No significant peristaltic differences were found between patients and controls in the proximal esophagus. These data support the existence of nutcracker esophagus as an identifiable esophageal motor disorder with several specific divergences from esophageal peristaltic parameters in controls. PMID- 7114025 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus and gastric carcinoma: a report of two cases and a critical review of the literature. AB - Two cases of systemic lupus erythematosus in association with primary gastric adenocarcinoma are presented. A pathological analysis of the two cases of gastric cancer does not support the hypothesis that lupus and its associated vasculitis is involved in the pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma. A critical review of the literature reveals numerous case reports suggesting the association of systemic lupus erythematosus with various malignancies; however, there is no definitive study which substantiates the association of gastric or other cancers with lupus. Future studies will be required to assess appropriately the possibility of an association between lupus and cancer. PMID- 7114024 TI - Occult duodenal perforation complicating cerebral infarction: new problems in diagnosis of Cushing's ulcer. AB - Cushing's ulcers of the duodenum are well known complications of neurosurgery, head trauma, and other causes of increased intracranial pressure. Perforation of Cushing's ulcer of the duodenum is infrequently described. That the use of high dose corticosteroids for cerebrovascular infarct in an aphasic patient may obscure the symptomatology and physical findings of a perforated Cushing's ulcer has not been described to our knowledge. We report a patient with a large left hemispherical infarct and resultant aphasia who developed a perforated duodenal ulcer and extensive chemical peritonitis while receiving high dose corticosteroids for increased intracranial pressure. She was unable to register any complaints and the typical physical findings of perforated duodenal ulcer with chemical peritonitis were virtually absent. A high index of suspicion must be maintained for a perforated Cushing's duodenal ulcer in the patient receiving high dose dexamethasone despite the presence of nonspecific symptomatology and abdominal findings. Elevated serum gastrin levels, as in this patient, may also indicate the patients with increased intracranial pressure who are at greater risk for developing Cushing's ulcer. PMID- 7114026 TI - Neurofibroma of the pancreas: differentiation from carcinoma. PMID- 7114027 TI - Idiopathic portal hypertension associated with progressive systemic sclerosis. AB - Herein we describe the clinical course of a case of idiopathic portal hypertension accompanied by splenomegaly, portal hypertension, and pancytopenia in addition to progressive systemic sclerosis. Immunological studies revealed positive antinuclear antibodies, hypergammaglobulinemia with increases in IgG and IgA, a decrease in peripheral T lymphocytes, and a decrease in the rate of lymphocyte blast transformation induced with phytohemagglutinin. The spleen weighed 1070 g, and the portal pressure was 270 nm H2O. Esophageal varices were also noted. These findings suggest the possibility of association of some immunological abnormalities with the etiology of idiopathic portal hypertension. PMID- 7114028 TI - Chronic active hepatitis and pregnancy: a report of two cases in adolescence. AB - The course and outcome of pregnancy in two adolescents with chronic active hepatitis is described. Pregnancy was uneventful in both patients apart from mild biochemical deterioration in one patient. Both infants are entirely normal. One mother died 4 1/2 months after delivery from primary pulmonary hypertension, an extrahepatic manifestation of her chronic active hepatitis. The second patient is asymptomatic but has evidence of ongoing liver disease 26 months postdelivery. PMID- 7114029 TI - Dialytic ascitic ultrafiltration in refractory ascites. AB - Nine patients with hepatic cirrhosis and refractory ascites underwent dialytic ascitic ultrafiltration with intraperitoneal reinfusion of the concentrated ascites. Ascites was removed via a peritoneal catheter and ultrafiltered using a hemodialyzer. The concentrate was continuously returned to the peritoneal space. A mean of 4.8 l of protein-free ascitic ultrafiltrate was removed without adverse effects over the course of the 3- to 5-h procedure. Preliminary evidence indicates a potential role for dialytic ascitic ultrafiltration in the management of refractory ascites. PMID- 7114030 TI - Clinicopathological study of alcoholic fibrosis. AB - Among 112 patients with alcoholic liver injury, 45 had alcoholic fibrosis. The incidence of alcoholic fibrosis was 40.2% which was the highest among various types of alcoholic liver injury (fatty liver; 3.6%, alcoholic hepatitis; 2.7% and liver cirrhosis; 31.3%). Clinical features of alcoholic fibrosis were milder than those of liver cirrhosis and more severe than those of fatty liver. The mean laboratory values in alcoholic fibrosis were significantly different from those in fatty liver and liver cirrhosis. The laboratory data were well correlated with the presence of pericellular fibrosis and thickening of the terminal hepatic venule, but only partially with hepatic cell necrosis and not with fatty metamorphosis. Two patients with alcoholic fibrosis who developed cirrhosis without any clinical and histological features of hepatitis were observed during 5-yr follow-up. These results indicate that alcoholic fibrosis is the most common type of alcoholic liver injury in Japan and is an independent clinicopathological entity distinct from the classical types of alcoholic liver injury. Pericellular fibrosis and thickening of the terminal hepatic venule which are the main histological features of alcoholic fibrosis may play an important role in its transition to liver cirrhosis. PMID- 7114031 TI - Gastric emphysema resembling pneumoperitoneum: presentation of a case with a review of the literature. PMID- 7114032 TI - Hepatitis B infection in households of chronic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen: factors associated with prevalence of infection. PMID- 7114033 TI - Influenzavirus infections in Seattle families, 1975-1979. I. Study design, methods and the occurrence of infections by time and age. AB - Intensive surveillance of Seattle, Washington, families with school-age children for influenzavirus infections during 1975-1979 encompassed 639 family- and 2732 person-seasons of observation, covering four influenzavirus epidemic seasons: type B (1975-1979), type A/H3N2 (1975-1976 and 1977-1978) and type A/H1N1 (1978 1979). Late spring "herald" waves of infection occurred in 1977 (A/H3N2), 1978 (A/H1N1) and 1979 (type B), the latter presaging an epidemic in 1979-1980. Out-of season infections, recognized by serology only, included type B and A/H3N2 viruses in each summer and A/H1N1 virus in 1978. In epidemic seasons, infection rates were highest in children aged 5-9 years (A/H3N2) or in teenagers (A/H1N1 and type B). A/H1N1 virus caused the sharpest epidemic, with 31% of the population (but only 2% of adults) infected and 72% of households invaded in 1978 1979. These compare with infection rates of 17-24% overall and 6-13% of adults and the invasion of 38-53% of households observed in the type B and two A/H3N2 epidemics. Extended observation (largely serologic) of a cohort of 1965-1969 Virus Watch families for up to 14 years (including one three-year gap) indicated overall infection rates of 13.7 and 16.4 per 100 person-years with types B and A/H3N2 viruses, respectively, and rates of first and second reinfections of about 3 and 1 per 100 person-years, respectively, with each virus. Close surveillance in 1975-1979 revealed second family episodes of infection with each prevalent virus, 37 with A/H3N2, 15 with type B and 13 with A/H1N1 virus. Risk of infection in these episodes was related more to current hemagglutination-inhibiting titers than to experience (infected or not) in the initial episodes, with 67-100% reinfection when titers were low. Among younger (less than 20 years old) members, related illness was as frequent with reinfection as with initial infection. PMID- 7114034 TI - Influenzavirus infections in Seattle families, 1975-1979. II. Pattern of infection in invaded households and relation of age and prior antibody to occurrence of infection and related illness. PMID- 7114035 TI - Cancer in Utah Mormon men by lay priesthood level. AB - Mormons have been shown to have low cancer rates at several common sites, particularly those associated with tobacco and alcohol use. This likely reflects adherence to their Church doctrines advocating abstention from the use of these substances. All Mormons, however, do not adhere to the health practices of their Church, and this study classifies Utah Mormon men by their lay priesthood offices, which reflect degree of adherence to Church doctrines. Follow-up cancer rates for 1966-1970 indicate that the most devout group (Seventies and High Priests) have lung cancer rates 80% lower than those of the least devout group. The same was seen for all smoking- and alcohol-associated cancer sites combined. Cancer of the stomach and the leukemias and lymphomas also had lower rates in the most devout group. Cancers of the colon-rectum, prostate, and pancreas showed little difference in rates when classified by lay priesthood office. These data provide a demonstration of the effects of a healthy lifestyle on cancer occurrence in men. PMID- 7114036 TI - Cancer in Utah Mormon women by church activity level. AB - In light of low cancer rates by the Mormon Church, this study classifies female Mormon cancer patients in Utah according to measures of adherence to Church doctrines. The distribution by Church activity level is compared for each site to a group of other cancer sites felt to represent the overall activity level distribution of Utah Mormon women. Mormon women classified as having the strongest adherence to Church doctrines had lung cancer rates during 1966-1970 much lower than did women with the weakest adherence. The relationship was not as strong, however, as that seen in Mormon men when classified by lay priesthood office. Cancer of the uterine cervix also showed lower rates in the more active groups, but this finding was not statistically significant. Cancers of the breast and ovary did not show consistent associations with Church activity level, nor did most of the gastrointestinal cancers. These data suggest that some of the differences in cancer incidence between Mormons and non-Mormons may not be explained by adherence to specific Church doctrines. PMID- 7114037 TI - Salmonellosis at rural and urban clinics in Bangladesh: epidemiologic and clinical characteristics. AB - The authors studied the frequency of diarrheal illness associated with non-typhi Salmonella at two clinics in Bangladesh for the years 1977-1979. Non-typhi salmonellae were isolated from 0.29% of fecal specimens or rectal swabs in an urban area and 0.26% of similar specimens in a rural area; the frequency of isolations peaked in the summer months. Isolations of Shigella and Vibrio cholerae were much more common than Salmonella. Only two of 50 Salmonella isolates were resistant to more than one antibiotic. None of 13 isolates tested produced an enterotoxin. S. java and S. virchow accounted for 64% of all the isolates. Patients with diarrheal illness associated with isolation of Salmonella frequency had vomiting (88%), watery diarrhea (78%), abdominal pain (61%), and fever (39%), but the clinical features of the illnesses and the socioeconomic backgrounds of the patients could not be distinguished from those of matched controls who were attending the same clinic. The infrequency of Salmonella infection in an area where several other bacterial and viral enteric diseases are hyperendemic requires further investigation. PMID- 7114038 TI - Resting heart rate and pressure-rate product of children in a total biracial community: the Bogalusa Heart Study. AB - Resting heart rates were ascertained during the 1978-1979 school year in 3590 children aged 5-17 years in the biracial geographic population of Bogalusa, Louisiana. These rates were found to be relatively independent of the method of measurement, whether supine by physician's stethoscope or dressed sitting radial pulse taken by a nurse, and in either case adhering to a strict measurement protocol. Apart from the known influences of age and sex, the authors found a small but consistent racial influence, with whites having 3-4 beats/min higher rates than blacks. Controlling for age, the authors found heart rate to be positively correlated with blood pressure in whites and with subcapsular skinfold thickness in boys. No consistent relation between heart rate and amount of cigarettes smoked was observed. Boys in the upper five percentiles of blood pressure-heart rate ("double") product values were found to have about twice the subscapular skinfold thickness compared to the lower five percentiles. Likewise, boys in the upper five percentiles of subscapular skinfold thickness had significantly increased double products. Since the double product is an index of cardiac oxygen consumption, this finding could point to a possible etiologic link between obesity and chronic cardiac stress in males beyond the mediation of lipoproteins, cholesterol, and diabetes mellitus in contributing to atherosclerotic heart disease, but this issue needs further study. Ascertainment of resting heart rate provides an additional parameter in the study of cardiovascular risk factor variables, in youth as in adulthood, to supplement the natural history of the atherosclerosis-hypertension syndrome with its sequelae. PMID- 7114039 TI - Drinking habits and other characteristics: the Yugoslavia Cardiovascular Disease Study. AB - In two large general populations of Yugoslav men from Tuzia, Bosnia, and Remetinec, Croatia, examined in 1964-1965, it was found that a greater alcohol consumption was accompanied by higher blood pressures, higher pulse rates, and higher concentrations of serum cholesterol and hematocrit. A greater consumption was also associated with an enlarged liver, as well as a higher prevalence rate of chronic bronchitis and thrombophlebitis. All these were statistically significant even after allowing for differences in cigarette smoking and demographic characteristics. Pulse rate, liver size, and varices appear to be specifically associated with a history of episodes of drunkenness. There were significant differences in drinking habits by place of residence, religious background, years of schooling, and kind of work. These were allowed for in evaluating the relationship of drinking to other characteristics. Two anomalous findings were low prevalence rates for diabetes and gastritis among those drinking most frequently. PMID- 7114040 TI - Cancer incidence in relation to asbestos in drinking water in the Puget Sound region. AB - Population-based and proportional odds ratios for various cancers, based on incidence data from 1974-1977 and mortality data from 1965-1975 for western Washington State, were calculated in relation to three measures of exposure to asbestos in community water supplies. Six odds ratios were calculated for each neoplasm that occurred in sufficient numbers in each sex. About half of the 332 odds ratios calculated were above unity and half were below unity, and no more of them differed significantly from unity at the 5% level than would be expected by chance. Odds ratios for tumors of the small intestine were consistently elevated in both sexes, as were those for neoplasms of the thyroid, eye, testis, and prostate in males; however, odds ratios for brain tumors and leukemia were consistently less than one in both sexes. Chance is the most likely explanation for these findings. Results of this study and prior studies of cancer in relation to waterborne asbestos are inconsistent, and provide little evidence that asbestos in community water supplies has altered the risk of any cancer. However, all investigations conducted to date are correlational studies which have an inherently higher probability of failing to detect actual increased risks associated with imbibed asbestos, and additional studies of individual exposures are warranted. Neoplasms of the pancreas and small intestine should be included in such studies. PMID- 7114041 TI - Nonestrogenic drugs and breast cancer. AB - The relation between breast cancer and selected nonestrogenic drugs was evaluated in the Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, Seattle, Washington, a prepaid health care organization with computerized information on diagnoses and outpatient drug use. No important positive associations with breast cancer were found in a follow-up study of 302 women aged 35-74 years. These women were newly diagnosed with breast cancer in 1977-1980 and were studied in relation to exposure in the six months prior to diagnosis to one or more of the following drugs: diazepam, digitalis glycosides, medroxyprogesterone acetate, methyldopa, metronidazole, phenothiazines, tricyclic antidepressants, thiazides, thyroid/levothyroxine sodium, or spironolactone. A modest association between recent reserpine use and breast cancer was present (risk ratio = 1.7, 90% confidence interval 0.9-3.3). PMID- 7114043 TI - Serum total cholesterol, triglyceride level, and dietary intake in Japanese students aged 15 years. AB - The authors surveyed serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in 238 male and 217 female students aged 15 years in Osaka, Japan, in 1977, as well as dietary intake, using a 24-hour record in 81 male and 61 female students. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels of Japanese students were 163.6 mg/dl and 81.7 mg/dl, respectively, for males, and 182.2 mg/dl and 78.9 mg/dl for females. For female students, those who participated in a school sports club regularly during the previous three years had cholesterol levels 10 mg/dl lower than the subjects who had not participated in a sports club; these active students also had smaller skinfold thickness, although there was no difference in other anthropometric measurements. Although the dietary intake of Japanese students was found to be westernized, compared with that of Japanese adults, Japanese students reported low fat intake (25-30% of energy), high polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio (1.1-1.2), and high carbohydrate intake (55-61% of energy), differing considerably from US students. PMID- 7114042 TI - A case-control study of cancer of the endometrium. AB - A hospital-based case-control study of the epidemiology of endometrial cancer in women aged 45-74 years was carried out in Connecticut from 1977 to 1979. In total, 167 cases and 903 controls were included. Elevated risks were associated with the following factors: overweight, nulliparity, few pregnancies, use of estrogen replacement therapy, older age at menopause, and a history of ovarian or endometrial cancer in mother or a sister. Whites were more frequently affected than blacks, and better-educated women more often than less-educated women. Use of oral contraceptives was associated with a decreased risk, although the decrease did not reach statistical significance. PMID- 7114044 TI - The effects of nonresponse in a prospective study of cancer. AB - Out of 11,136 Japanese men identified on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, in 1965 by the Honolulu Heart Program, 8006 responded to a mailed questionnaire and were examined, 1871 only responded to the mailed questionnaire, and 1259 did not respond at all. After 10 years of follow-up, the examined men had a significantly lower risk of death from all causes, death from cancer, and incidence of stomach cancer than the unexamined men. Minimal differences were also noted between the two groups in the time interval between the beginning of follow-up and the diagnosis of cancer of the lung and large bowel, and these favored the examined men. The examined men had a higher risk of prostate cancer incidence, although not significantly so. When the 8006 examined and 1871 unexamined men who responded to the mailed questionnaire were evaluated with respect to the association of cigarette smoking with lung cancer incidence, the odds ratio estimate for smokers was 19 for the examined men and 7 for the unexamined men. However, since these odds ratios are not significantly different, there would be little bias in odds ratio estimates of cigarette smoking for lung cancer if the observation was limited to examined men. With regard to the association of low education with stomach cancer, the odds ratio estimates were nearly identical as 1.2 for the examined group and 1.1 for the unexamined group. PMID- 7114045 TI - Social class indicators and mortality in low birth weight infants. AB - This study examines the utility of birth weight-specific neonatal mortality rates in removing the confounding effects, in comparisons of mortality in low birth weight infants, of several factors that influence crude neonatal mortality. For this purpose, the effects of social, demographic, and biological attributes of mothers on the mortality of their low birth weight babies were examined in the total population of infants weighing 501-2000 gm born in New York City in 1976, 1977, and the first 11 months of 1978 (N = 10,187). The results confirm previous observations that race, sex, and gestational age-for-weight all exert significant influences on mortality even within narrow (250 gm) birth weight bands. However, mothers' education, number of prenatal visits and whether delivery was on private or ward service, all variables which substantially affect crude neonatal mortality, had no overall effect on weight-specific mortality in the weight range under consideration. Two other socioeconomic indicators, whether delivery was financed by Medicaid, and the marital status of the mother, did significantly affect weight-specific mortality, but their effects were abolished when gestation, race, and sex were entered into the analysis. Although neither maternal age nor parity had any significant individual effects on low birth weight mortality, a linear trend towards lower mortality in older mothers was discovered, and certain age-parity combinations experienced significantly elevated or reduced mortality. In general, weight-specific mortality in low birth weight infants is little influenced by the socioeconomic circumstances of their mothers, particularly when race, sex, and gestation are taken into account. Weight-specific neonatal mortality can therefore be a useful tool in the analysis of the effectiveness of perinatal medical care given to low birth weight infants. PMID- 7114046 TI - Changes in life expectancy in the United States due to declines in mortality, 1968-1975. AB - This study examines the gains in life expectancy for four race/sex groups of the US population between 1968 and 1975. An increase of 2.3 years in life expectancy at birth and 1.7 years in life expectancy at age 45 years has occurred for all race/sex groups combined. The added years of life for the normal working ages (15 70 years) is only 0.6 years for the total US population, 0.3 years for white females, 0.6 years for white males, 1.5 years for nonwhite males, and 1.7 years for nonwhite females. The relative contribution of the five leading causes of death to this gain varies at different ages. For example, more than 50% of the increase in life expectancy at age 45 years was due to a lower mortality rate in diseases of the heart which is still the leading cause of death among each of the race/sex groups. Other contributions to the increase in life expectancy at age 45 years are: cerebrovascular diseases, 16%; accidents, 6%; influenza and pneumonia, 7%; and all other causes, 16%. The increase in the malignant neoplasms mortality rate had a negative effect, -2%, on the gain of life expectancy. PMID- 7114047 TI - Hereditary and environmental influences on cardiovascular risk factors for children: the Bogalusa Heart Study. AB - This paper reports on a study of all school-age children from Bogalusa, Louisiana, examined during the 1973-1974 and 1976-1977 school years by personnel of the Specialized Center of Research-Arteriosclerosis. For these children, the authors estimated the proportion of total variability in risk factors for atherosclerosis resulting from the influences of heredity (h2) and of common environment (c2). The authors' method of classifying half siblings underestimated h2 but overestimated c2. The results showed statistically significant values of h2 for height (0.91), weight (0.90), systolic blood pressure (.137), triglycerides (0.88), beta-lipoprotein (1.16), and alpha-lipoprotein (0.63). In addition, c2 was statistically significant for height (0.20), weight (0.32), triceps skinfold (0.19), systolic blood pressure (0.30), beta-lipoprotein (0.21), and alpha-lipoprotein (0.13). Because of the definition of c2, all traits for which it is significant must increase in value for some Bogalusa environments, and decrease for others. Therefore, for such traits, future analyses may identify favorable common environments that intervention studies can use to decrease the risk of atherosclerosis in Bogalusa. The values found for h2 and c2 in Bogalusa were compared and contrasted with values found for other communities. PMID- 7114048 TI - The effect of misclassification in matched-pair case-control studies. AB - It has been noted that nondifferential misclassification of the study exposure can produce more severe bias and power loss in pair-matched case-control studies than in unmatched studies, and that the "excess bias" is a direct function of the closeness of matching on correlates of exposure. This paper illustrates the extent of this excess bias for several case-control situations. It is demonstrated that when the misclassification is differential, bias may be either increased or decreased by matching. A method for correcting for misclassification bias in matched-pair studies is also presented. PMID- 7114049 TI - Neutrophil marrow cellularity in neutropenia. AB - In order to identify individuals in whom marrow abnormalities might be contributing to or responsible for neutropenia, we quantitatively examined the number and distribution of cells comprising neutrophil marrow in patients with blood neutrophils less than 2,000/microliter. Neutrophil marrow cellularity was determined from ferrokinetic estimation of normoblast numbers and neutrophil normoblast ratios obtained from marrow biopsy sections. Only two of 30 patients exhibited the change in cellularity expected of a normal marrow responding to removal of circulating neutrophils: reduced numbers of segmented cells, an expanded mitotic pool, and a normal ratio of metamyelocytes and band forms to promyelocytes and myelocytes. Twenty-three patients had basal mitotic pool size or increased numbers of segmented marrow cells despite neutropenia, a hypoplastic mitotic pool, or a reduction in the number of metas and bands relative to promyelocytes and myelocytes. The results in individual patients were consistent with hypoplasia, subnormal proliferative or release responses, loss of cells during ontogeny, or combinations thereof. In five cases the results could not be so classified. Clinical observations seldom predicted marrow cellularity. Diverse disorders of marrow function appear to be common among neutropenic patients. Neutropenia constitutes a rich field for study of neutrophil marrow physiology. PMID- 7114050 TI - Detection of IgG sensitization of red cells with 125I staphylococcal protein A. AB - Most cases of immune hemolytic anemia are associated with a positive direct antiglobulin test. However, in some cases, the antiglobulin test is not sensitive enough to detect low levels of red-cell bound antibodies. This report describes a method using radiolabelled purified staphylococcal protein A which is capable of detecting IgG sensitization of red cells beyond the threshold of serologic techniques. It is less cumbersome than previously described methods and does not require antibody purification procedures. Its effectiveness was demonstrated for the detection of red-cell alloantibodies and in evaluation of patients with acquired hemolytic anemias associated with a negative direct antiglobulin test. PMID- 7114051 TI - Osmotic error in erythrocyte volume determinations. AB - Because of osmotic effects erythrocytes suspended in their native plasma do not have the same volume as the same erythrocytes suspended in Isoton. The discrepancy varies depending upon the osmolality and composition of the native plasma and the length of time the cells have been suspended in Isoton. consequently, the MCV recorded in an electronic particle counter (Coulter in this case) may differ markedly from the true in vivo MCV. A similar error affects the Coulter hematocrit, which is calculated from the MCV and the erythrocyte count. This matrix effect should be taken into account in any laboratory quality assurance program. PMID- 7114052 TI - Surface immunoglobulins on hairy cells of 55 patients with hairy cell leukemia. AB - Surface immunoglobulins (SIg) were determined on peripheral blood samples from 55 patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and on hairy cells from spleen preparations of 14 of these 55 patients. The patterns of SIg for HCL was compared to the patterns on peripheral blood leukemic cells from 39 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and 15 patients with poorly differentiated lymphocytic (PDL) lymphoma. Of the 55 HCL patients, 42 could be scored for individual heavy and light chains; 16 had only IgG, 14 had two or three heavy chains, 7 had only IgD, and 5 cases had no SIg and were E-rosette negative. This pattern was different from the B-cell pattern in CLL and PDL where there were few cases of IgG alone (5%) and many cases of IgM alone (50%). Surface marker profile did not correlate with survival in any of the sub-groups tested. HCL appears to be a B cell lymphoproliferative disease in greater than 90% of cases; many combinations of heavy chains with only a single light chain can be demonstrated. PMID- 7114053 TI - Activated partial thromboplastin time after heparin removal (aPTT/HR) in a new scheme of anticoagulant monitoring. AB - Activated partial thromboplastin time after heparin removal (aPTT/HR), a test employing anion exchange chromatography, was devised as an alternative to the prothrombin time after heparin removal (PT/HR) to monitor simultaneous anticoagulation with heparin and coumarins. The potential utility of the aPTT/HR was assessed by performing parallel PTs and aPTTs on 62 consecutive plasmas from coumarin-treated outpatients. All samples had 0.2 units/ml of heparin added and then removed to see if the maneuver influenced therapeutic group assignment. In no instance did reassignment occur. A conditional Irwin-Fisher test (P = 0.000604) and a special multinomial trial analysis (P = 0.002) indicated that the aPTT would be at least comparable to the PT for following coumarin antithrombotic prophylaxis. Since the heparin removal procedure had no influence on therapeutic categorization, the same statistical proof could be applied to the relationship between aPTT/HR and PT/HR. This study indicates that the aPTT can be used to monitor all stages of heparin and /or coumarin anticoagulation. PMID- 7114055 TI - Potential confusion resulting from trade-name similarities. PMID- 7114056 TI - Degradation of clindamycin in frozen admixtures. PMID- 7114054 TI - Mixed myeloid-Lymphoid colonies in a patient with polycythemia vera. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a patient with polycythemia vera were cultured in a methylcellulose system employing human serum. Electron microscopy documented the appearance of mixed colonies containing lymphocytes, granulocytes, megakaryocytes, and erythrocytes. In vitro culture characteristics were similar to those seen for other patients with polycythemia ver, ie, colonies grew in the absence of added erythropoietin or other pathway-specific regulators. Plating efficiency was linearly related to the number of cells plated, which supports the concept that each colony arose from a single cell. The appearance of mixed myeloid-lymphoid colonies points to the existence of a primitive stem cell capable of giving rise to multiple hematopoietic cell lines. PMID- 7114057 TI - Recognizing, reversing, and preventing hospital pharmacist burnout. AB - The stress-related syndrome of "burnout" is reviewed, especially as it relates to work in hospital pharmacy. Included are suggestions for preventing and reversing burnout among hospital pharmacists. Burnout comprises a distinct series of symptoms that involve a regressive spiral in personal energy, vitality, and interest; it may be described as a disease in personal relationships. The five stages of burnout are: (1) physiological, (2) social, (3) intellectual, (4) psycho-emotional, and (5) spiritual. Regeneration from burnout can be pursued more systematically by striving for balance among these five aspects of life. Certain characteristics of hospital pharmacists increase their susceptibility toward burnout. Preventing imbalance/providing balance in one's life is a basic personal responsibility; no one can do it for another person. However, attentive management can provide conditions that help pharmacy staff members prevent burnout. Preventing burnout requires learning from past burnout-prone behavior and making the necessary changes in life style. PMID- 7114058 TI - Effect of Reaganomics on the U.S. health-care system. AB - Health care under President Ronald Reagan is discussed as it relates to consumers, third-party carriers, hospitals, and hospital pharmacists. The Reagan Administration's goals are to: (1) promote cost containment and quality control through competition, and (2) shift the major elements of program control to the state and local governments and the competitive private sector. Described are the regulatory and legislative initiatives of the Administration, such as the Omnibus Reconciliation Budget Act, Block Grant Programs, Medicare and Medicaid cuts, and procompetition legislation. Under increased competition in the health insurance system, the locus of responsibility for costs will shift from employers and unions to employees. Incentives for greater cost sharing will force hospitals to restrain costs. Multihospital systems are likely to proliferate. Proposed ancillary service caps will increase competition for resources among hospital departments. Pharmacy departments must implement strategic long-range planning to withstand the pressures for reductions in staff and services. Clinical pharmacy services will become increasingly difficult to implement without full documentation. As a result of all these changes, consumer demand for health-care services may decrease, and the way such services are delivered will probably shift. PMID- 7114059 TI - Use of clinical pharmacists to reduce cefamandole, cefoxitin, and ticarcillin costs. AB - The financial impact of using cefamandole and cefoxitin rather than cefazolin and of using ticarcillin rather than carbenicillin in one institution was assessed; the effectiveness of clinical pharmacists in reducing the costs associated with these drugs also was determined. During Phase 1 (July 1, 1980-March 31, 1981), the numbers of intravenous piggyback cefazolin, cephalothin, cefamandole, cefoxitin, carbenicillin, and ticarcillin doses prepared were recorded. Quarterly purchase data for each drug were determined from invoice records. During Phase 2 (April 1, 1981-September 30, 1981), eight clinical pharmacists reviewed all patient charts for cefamandole, cefoxitin, and ticarcillin orders. If the indication for these orders was missing or considered inappropriate, the pharmacist contacted the prescriber and recommended substituting appropriate doses of cefazolin for cefamandole and cefoxitin and of carbenicillin for ticarcillin. The number of doses prepared and quarterly purchase data were collected as in Phase 1. The projected savings resulting from clinical pharmacist input relating to these drugs was calculated. Based on Phase 1 data, the total theoretical expense resulting from cefamandole and cefoxitin use instead of cefazolin and from ticarcillin use in place of carbenicillin was projected to be $233,448 annually. Cefamandole and cefoxitin accounted for 59.8 and 39.7% of total cephalosporin use in Phases 1 and 2, respectively. Ticarcillin accounted for 77.1% of the total ticarcillin and carbenicillin doses in Phase 1, and 16.6% in Phase 2. A projected annual savings of $156,756 was achieved because of clinical pharmacist input at a cost of $16,000 for time devoted to the effort. Clinical pharmacists were effective in reducing the use of cefamandole, cefoxitin, and ticarcillin in situations where cefazolin or carbenicillin could be substituted. PMID- 7114060 TI - Factors potentially influencing aminoglycoside use and expenditure. AB - Factors that may have influenced aminoglycoside use and expenditure in one hospital were examined. Factors that were evaluated as to their influence on aminoglycoside-use patterns were: (1) formulary status; (2) bacterial susceptibility patterns; (3) identified or perceived differences in toxicity; (4) changes in patient population; (5) price paid by the hospital for aminoglycosides; (6) distribution of newsletters or memoranda; (7) advertising and detailing; and (8) pharmacy policies. For FY 1976-77 to 1979-80, the largest proportion of aminoglycoside expense was for gentamicin. During FY 1980-81, the expenditure for gentamicin decreased and tobramycin accounted for the largest proportion of total expenditure. Monthly gentamicin use decreased 20% during FY 1980-81 from the previous year. Tobramycin use increased from January 1979 to November 1980 and decreased from December 1980 to June 1981. Kanamycin use and amikacin use were fairly constant during the study period. Based on temporal relationships, the following factors appeared to influence aminoglycoside use and expenditure: (1) a study conducted at the institution from June 1977 to June 1979 comparing gentamicin and tobramycin nephrotoxicity; (2) a comparative nephrotoxicity study published in a widely circulated medical journal in May 1980; and (3) an intramural newsletter and memorandum distributed in March 1981 encouraging selective aminoglycoside use. The identification of factors that potentially influenced aminoglycoside use can be used to anticipate the future impact of similar events and to devise strategies to influence antimicrobial use. PMID- 7114061 TI - Evaluation of a limited drug formulary in an adult internal medicine clinic. AB - The utility of a 30-drug, limited formulary in an adult internal medicine, ambulatory-care clinic was investigated. The formulary was developed using a mail survey of a random sample of members of the ASHP Ambulatory Care Pharmacy Practice Special Interest Group. The consensus formulary comprised the 30 most frequently recommended drugs; the utility of the formulary was then tested by chart review in a primary-care internal medicine clinic. Over a two-month period, the charts of alternating patients were reviewed daily; patient data collected included demographic information and prescribed drug therapy. A panel of two physicians and one pharmacist reviewed each patient's data and determined the appropriateness of drug treatment. If an agent was prescribed that was not on the consensus formulary, the panel determined whether an appropriate formulary agent could have been prescribed. Of the prescribed drug orders, 57.8% were for agents in the consensus formulary; by including patients who could have received formulary drugs appropriately, 73.7% of all prescription orders were or could have been for formulary drugs. Age, race, and sex of patients had no significant effect on utility of formulary agents. Had the 30 drugs most commonly prescribed in this clinic been in the formulary, 82.6% of all prescription orders would have been covered. This approach to establishing a new formulary and selecting drugs for inclusion is potentially useful. PMID- 7114062 TI - Team approach in providing clinical pharmacokinetic services. AB - A team approach to clinical pharmacokinetic services at a university hospital is described. The clinical pharmacokinetics team (CPT) developed as an outgrowth of a clinical pharmacokinetic service (CPS) as the workload of the service expanded. The CPT serves to: (1) maximize the quality and continuity of clinical pharmacokinetic care; (2) provide a teaching medium for students at the baccalaureate and graduate level; and (3) stimulate the development of clinical pharmacokinetic research. The CPT is responsible for patients in those medical services that are not regularly served by a clinical pharmacist. The structure of the CPT includes an attending clinical pharmacist with a hierarchy of subordinate practitioners ranked by their individual didactic and clinical experience in pharmacokinetics. Students participate in (1) work rounds, where collective discussions of patient evaluations occur, and (2) one-to-one student-preceptor clinical assessments of patients' drug therapy. The attending clinical pharmacist conducts CPT rounds daily, and the students and residents must convey information to the team on: (1) the drug therapy prescribed and the appropriate monitoring methods, (2) the working diagnosis and plan of treatment, (3) results of laboratory and clinical assessments, and (4) details of patient interviews. The CPT is also responsible for ongoing clinical pharmacokinetic research. The team approach to clinical pharmacokinetic services has provided a framework for the education of clinical pharmacists while stimulating research and providing direct patient care. PMID- 7114063 TI - Quality circles as a management tool for hospital pharmacy. AB - A pharmacy department's experience with a quality circle program is described. The quality circle is a type of participative management where a group of employees within a department voluntarily meets on a regular basis to identify and research departmental problems and formulate alternative solutions for management. The pharmacy department formed one of the first five circles at the hospital. Each circle meets for one hour weekly on hospital time. The pharmacy quality circle includes three staff pharmacists, two support staff, and a pharmacy supervisor who serves as the leader. Through brainstorming sessions, the circle has identified problems within the department. The circle collects data to help define the problems, and specific solutions are presented to management. Among the solutions recommended have been: assigning a clerk as a receptionist at the pharmacy front window so that the pharmacist would not be interrupted; widening the front window to accommodate separate lines for inpatient and outpatient prescriptions; and instituting a double-ticket procedure to help retrieve employee prescriptions. Management accepted and instituted all of the circle's proposals. The quality circle has been a successful management tool in this pharmacy department. PMID- 7114064 TI - Alternative to the traditional discount method of wholesaler purchasing. AB - A program of purchasing drugs from wholesalers at the wholesaler's exact invoice cost plus a percentage is described and compared with the traditional method of average wholesale price (AWP) less a discount. The comparison was conducted by the pharmacy department of a 310-bed, teaching hospital that awarded a one-year contract to a wholesaler offering its items at the exact cost plus a pre established percentage. Data collected from monthly wholesaler computer printouts gave the following information on each product: (1) list price per item, (2) actual cost to pharmacy per item, (3) percentage discount from AWP, and (4) quantity ordered. The net percentage discount from AWP for 12 months was calculated and compared to the former (traditional) discount rate. The net discount from AWP was 15.6% for purchases made by the hospital during the first 12 months of the program. When compared with the smaller discount the hospital traditionally received, the new program saved the hospital $5758 on annual purchases of $136,419. The actual dollar savings to an institution that changes from a traditional discount program to a cost-plus-percentage program depends on: (1) the negotiated percentage added to wholesaler cost, (2) the discount from AWP that the institution was previously receiving, and (3) the volume of wholesale purchases. PMID- 7114065 TI - Use of a tabletop computer in controlled substances distribution. AB - The use of a tabletop computer for controlled substances distribution is described. The self-contained system uses programs stored on discs to maintain records for floor stock, individual patient orders, and ambulatory patient prescriptions. Three reports are generated daily: (1) a listing of all floor supplies issued on the current date, (2) a listing of all individual patient supply transactions for the current date, and (3) an alphabetical listing of the inventory for controlled substances, including an alert system to identify any item that has fallen below a preselected minimum stock level. The tabletop computer allowed the pharmacy to take advantage of the accuracy and speed of electronic data processing at its own pace, independent of the hospital's main computer system. Because the tabletop computer and the main system both use a common programming language, any programs developed on the tabletop computer can be converted to the main system. PMID- 7114066 TI - Computer-assisted practitioner-response system for studying the use of cimetidine. AB - A computer-assisted practitioner-response system was used to review cimetidine use in one hospital. All patients receiving cimetidine from April 1, 1981, through May 15, 1981, were identified daily using a computerized medication profile system. A practitioner-response form, which asked the physician to indicate the reason for prescribing cimetidine, was placed in the chart of all patients receiving the drug. When these forms were collected, the reviewer scanned the chart for patient demographic information, duration of cimetidine therapy, and other drugs prescribed that potentially could interact with cimetidine. If the physician did not complete the form, the reviewer checked the chart for prescribing information. Cimetidine was prescribed for 10% (247) of all patients admitted during the study period. Seventy percent of the practitioner response forms were completed; the indication for cimetidine use was obtained for an additional 20% through chart review. Seventy-five percent of the patients were exposed to a potential drug interaction. The most common reason for prescribing cimetidine was to prevent stress ulcers; only 15% of cimetidine orders were for FDA-approved uses. The computer-assisted practitioner-response system was an efficient method for reviewing cimetidine use. The computerized medication profile facilitated identification of patients receiving the drug, and the practitioner-response form provided the indication-for-use data more quickly than conventional chart review. PMID- 7114067 TI - ASHP Regulations on accreditation of hospital pharmacy technician training programs (with policies and procedures). PMID- 7114068 TI - ASHP accreditation standard for pharmacy technician training programs. PMID- 7114069 TI - ASHP supplemental standard and learning objectives for residency training in oncology pharmacy practice. PMID- 7114070 TI - Cheating by medical students on examinations. PMID- 7114071 TI - Absenteeism and labelling in hypertensive subjects. Prevention of an adverse impact in those at high risk. AB - In this work-site population, the illness absenteeism of 259 hypertensive subjects was studied in the year after they were screened and labelled. Absenteeism due to illness increased more in 48 patients who were unaware of their hypertension (newly labelled) than in the 211 subjects who were aware. Among the newly labelled subjects, only the young subjects and those with "pure" systolic hypertension experienced increased absenteeism; the older subjects with diastolic hypertension did not. The newly labelled subjects who received active follow-up and treatment with antihypertensive medication had only minimal increases in absenteeism. In contrast, those who received active follow-up without medication, and those who received only episodic follow-up had significantly greater increases. Vigorous efforts are warranted to insure active follow-up and treatment for hypertensive subjects after their condition has been labelled. Caution should be exercised in labelling, however, if no antihypertensive treatment is initiated. PMID- 7114073 TI - Reduced histidine-rich glycoprotein levels in plasma of patients with advanced liver cirrhosis. Possible implications for enhanced fibrinolysis. AB - Histidine-rich glycoprotein is a 3.8s alpha 2-glycoprotein of human plasma originally isolated in 1972 [1,2]. The biologic function of histidine-rich glycoprotein, however, is unknown. A recent report suggests that histidine-rich glycoprotein binds to the high-affinity lysine-binding sites of plasminogen and that histidine-rich glycoprotein may retard fibrinolysis by interfering with the binding of plasminogen to fibrin [3]. We have measured the plasma titers of histidine-rich glycoprotein in normal subjects and patients with advanced hepatic cirrhosis by single radial immunodiffusion with a monospecific antiserum. The levels in 22 patients were 7.0 +/- 2.5 mg/dl (mean +/- SD), whereas those in 20 control subjects were 11.8 +/- 2.7 (p less than 0.001). Upon two-dimensional crossed immunoelectrophoresis, the pattern of histidine-rich glycoprotein in liver cirrhosis was similar to that of normal histidine-rich glycoprotein. Since histidine-rich glycoprotein seems to function as an antifibrinolytic agent, the decreased titers in cirrhosis may be one factor contributing to the enhanced fibrinolysis commonly seen in this disorder. PMID- 7114072 TI - Immunologic abnormalities in homosexual men. Relationship to Kaposi's sarcoma. AB - Studies were performed to define the immunologic status of various groups of homosexual men including homosexual men with Kaposi's sarcoma, healthy homosexual men who were of similar ages to the homosexual patients with Kaposi's sarcoma and homosexual men with hyperplastic lymphadenopathy. Heterosexual men with Kaposi's sarcoma were also studied. Immunologic parameters which were examined included serum immunoglobulin levels, enumeration of B cells, T cells, and T-cell subsets, and quantitation of lymphocyte responsive to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). Significant immunologic abnormalities were observed in all three groups of homosexuals studied. These were most severe in the homosexuals with Kaposi's sarcoma, somewhat less severe in homosexual men with lymphadenopathy, and least marked but still significant in healthy homosexual men. Heterosexual men with Kaposi's sarcoma displayed essentially normal immunologic profiles. The possible etiologic factors underlying the immunologic abnormalities in the male homosexual population studied and the role of an altered immune system in the development of and the fulminant course of Kaposi's sarcoma in these patients are discussed. PMID- 7114074 TI - Nosocomial Pseudomonas cepacia infection associated with chlorhexidine contamination. AB - During the period of January to July 1980, a marked increase in the number of Pseudomonas cepacia isolates was observed in a microbiologic surveillance program. Although P. cepacia was isolated from wound specimens and vaginal cultures, the majority of isolates were of urinary origin from catheterized patients. Retrospective chart analysis of the patients failed to verify a causal pathogenic role for P. cepacia. However, fulminant sepsis subsequently developed in two hospitalized immunocompromised patients, with both blood and urine cultures positive for P. cepacia. Investigation revealed the presence of this organism in chlorhexidine (0.2 percent) mouthwash as well as other chlorhexidine antiseptic solutions used for routine urologic and obstetric procedures. The source of the P. cepacia was identified as the rubber tubing in the pharmacy through which deionized water passed during the dilution of concentrated (5 percent) chlorhexidine gluconate. In vitro tests demonstrated that P. cepacia was resistant to 0.2 percent chlorhexidine. PMID- 7114075 TI - Ankylosing spondylitis: an important cause of severe disturbances of the cardiac conduction system. Prevalence among 223 pacemaker-treated men. AB - The cause of severe disturbances of the cardiac conduction system is seldom possible to establish clinically at pacemaker implantation, apart from cases of acute myocardial infarction or digitalis intoxication and in relatively rare cases of inflammatory disorders such as sarcoidosis and systemic sclerosis. Since cardiac manifestations, mainly conduction disturbances, occur in patients with ankylosing spondylitis, the prevalence of this disease was determined using radiologic screening for sacroiliitis in a population of 223 men who had permanently implanted pacemakers. Sacroiliitis was found in 19 men (8.5 percent), 15 of whom fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for ankylosing spondylitis. In six patients, sacroiliitis was asymptomatic and two of the patients were completely free of symptoms other than those originating from their heart manifestations. In seven of the 15 patients with ankylosing spondylitis and in the four patients with sacroiliitis without clinical criteria of ankylosing spondylitis, the diagnosis was previously unknown. Uveitis and aortic regurgitation occurred in five patients each, while peripheral arthritis was twice as common. The prevalence of sacroiliitis and ankylosing spondylitis of 8.5 and 6.7 percent, respectively, differ significantly (p less than 0.01) from the frequencies found in general Caucasian populations of 1 to 2 and 0.1 to 0.5 percent, respectively. HLA B27 was present in more than 80 percent of the patients with sacroiliitis and/or ankylosing spondylitis, compared with 8 to 10 percent in the general population. This strong association is in accordance with previous studies of patients with symptomatic sacroiliitis and/or ankylosing spondylitis. Thus sacroiliitis, diagnosed by x-ray, can be considered a marker for this relatively common rheumatic cause of severe disturbances of the cardiac conduction system. PMID- 7114076 TI - Immune complexes in primary biliary cirrhosis. Higher prevalence of circulating immune complexes in patients with associated autoimmune features. AB - A longitudinal study, examining the levels of immune complexes serially for three years, in serum from 88 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis was performed by the Raji cell radioimmunoassay. Studies of the association of autoimmune features in primary biliary cirrhosis and the effect of D-penicillamine therapy in relation to the levels of complexes were carried out. Twenty-two patients (25 percent) were found to have autoimmune features, such as Sjogren's syndrome, rheumatoid-like arthritis, scleroderma, Raynaud's disease, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. In this subset of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, a significantly higher prevalence (86 percent) of circulating immune complexes was detected compared with those patients showing no autoimmune features (60 percent). In addition, patients with associated autoimmune features had higher mean levels of immune complexes (259.7 micrograms AHG eq/ml) compared with those without autoimmune features (202.1 micrograms AHG eq/ml). The mean levels of complement C4, reflecting activation of classic complement pathway, were significantly lower in patients with elevated immune complexes and associated autoimmune features. The mean level of immune complexes in 13 patients receiving D-penicillamine, in contrast to the placebo group, decreased at one year but subsequently was greater than the initial level. Patients who had normal levels of immune complexes and received penicillamine therapy continued to have complex levels within the normal range for up to three years of follow-up study, but patients receiving placebo showed significantly elevated levels at subsequent intervals. Thus, levels of immune complexes in primary biliary cirrhosis may reflect the association with autoimmune features. PMID- 7114078 TI - Acute renal failure. Multivariate analysis of causes and risk factors. AB - Accepted causes (acute insults) and risk factors for the development of acute renal failure were defined, quantitatively assessed, and tested for statistical significance in 143 patients with acute tubular necrosis. Sixty-two percent of patients had more than one acute insult, and 48 percent had more than one suspected risk factor. Hypotension, excessive aminoglycoside exposure, pigmenturia, and dehydration were identified as highly significant acute insults, while it was concluded that sepsis and administration of radiocontrast material could not be incriminated as causes of acute tubular necrosis. An additive interaction between acute insults was demonstrated, and the severity of acute renal failure was related to the number and severity of acute insults. Patients with oliguric renal failure had more severe acute insults than patients with nonoliguric renal failure. Preexisting renal disease and chronic hypertension were significant risk factors, the latter only when hypotension had been one of the acute insults. An age of more than 59 years, gout and/or chronic hyperuricemia, diabetes, and long-term diuretic administration were not found to be significant risk factors. PMID- 7114077 TI - Chronic acidosis with metabolic bone disease. Effect of alkali on bone morphology and vitamin D metabolism. AB - Chronic metabolic acidosis and osteomalacia developed in two patients following urinary diversion. Good clinical, biochemical, and histologic responses were seen following treatment with alkali alone (vitamin D was not given), despite the presence of markedly impaired glomerular filtration in one of the patients. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations were normal before and during treatment in one of the patients and in the other were low before and normal during treatment. The results show that successful treatment of the osteomalacia of chronic acidosis is not necessarily accompanied by changes in the plasma levels of vitamin D metabolites and that even when marked glomerular dysfunction coexists with acidosis and osteomalacia, treatment with alkali may be more appropriate than the administration of vitamin D analogues. PMID- 7114079 TI - Nosocomial hepatitis A transmission by an adult patient with diarrhea. AB - Hepatitis A occurred in five registered nurses, a licensed practical nurse, and a recently discharged patient at a community hospital; one of these seven was asymptomatic. All had been exposed to a woman with confirmed hepatitis A who had undergone elective cholecystectomy and who had had vomiting, diarrhea, and fecal incontinence during the eight days before onset of jaundice. Of the 107 hospital workers identified as having at least some exposure to the source patient, 58 (54.2 percent) had no pre-existing antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) and were considered susceptible. Six persons, including the five clinically ill registered nurses, had IgM-specific anti-HAV. The infection attack rate was 5.6 percent for all exposed hospital workers but 10.3 percent for the 58 who were serosusceptible. Risk of infection was highest for persons with documented or probable contact with the source patient and for registered nurses. Among hospital personnel, the prevalence of anti-HAV increased with age but varied inversely with socioeconomic status. Hospital personnel and patients may be at risk for hepatitis A infection when exposed to patients who are in the prodromal stage of hepatitis A. Vomiting, diarrhea, and fecal incontinence may increase the risk of transmission. PMID- 7114080 TI - Relation of serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels to the amount and extent of coronary arterial narrowing by atherosclerotic plaque in coronary heart disease. Quantitative analysis of 2,037 five mm segments of 160 major epicardial coronary arteries in 40 necropsy patients. AB - The amount of cross-sectional area narrowing by atherosclerotic plaques was determined histologically in each 5 mm segment of the entire lengths of the right, left main, left anterior descending, and left circumflex coronary arteries in 40 patients with fatal coronary heart disease and known fasting serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The patients were divided into four groups based upon the serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels: group I, total cholesterol of 250 mg/dl or less, triglyceride of 170 mg/dl or less; group II, total cholesterol of 250 or less, triglyceride of more than 170; group III, total cholesterol of more than 250, triglyceride of 170 or less; group IV, total cholesterol of more than 250, triglyceride of more than 170. The number of 5 mm segments of coronary artery narrowed severely (76 to 100 percent in cross sectional area) by atherosclerotic plaques in each group was as follows: 172 of 505 (34 percent) 5 mm segments from group I; 242 of 353 (69 percent) segments from group II; 120 of 295 (41 percent) from group III and 425 of 884 (48 percent) segments from group IV. The mean percentage of 5 mm segments narrowed severely was significantly greater in group II than in group I (p less than 0.005) or group III (p less than 0.01). Additionally, the mean number of four coronary arteries per subject severely narrowed and the number of subjects with severe narrowing of the left main coronary artery were significantly greater in groups II and III than in group I. The percentages of 5 mm segments narrowed severely correlated significantly with the serum triglyceride level (p less than 0.03). Although it correlated with the number of severely narrowed coronary arteries per subject, the serum total cholesterol level did not correlate with the percentage of 5 mm segments of coronary artery with severe narrowing. PMID- 7114082 TI - Toward a theory of clinical expertise. AB - We believe that the outline of a promising approach to the study of expert clinical problem-solving is emerging. This process involves collecting as verbal transcripts the thoughts of experienced clinicians engaged in simulated clinical tasks and analyzing these transcripts to formulate theories of problem-solving tactics and strategies. In turn, these theories are embodied in a computer program that simulates the problem-solving process. The computer program's response to fresh clinical problems can be compared with physician behavior in order to revise, refute, or confirm the problem-solving theories. A scientific understanding of the expert clinician's reasoning strategies could prove exceptionally useful in improving the way we teach and practice medicine and in developing practical computer aids for medical decision-making. PMID- 7114081 TI - Cardiac function in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. Results of 10-year follow-up study and noninvasive tests. AB - The purposes of this study were to: (1) evaluate the progression of cardiac involvement in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy using systolic time intervals (PEP/LVET); (2) determine if the degree of cardiac involvement bears a relation to the severity of skeletal muscle disease; and (3) describe the M-mode and two dimensional echocardiographic findings. In 1970, systolic time intervals were studied in 16 patients. During the 10-year interim, two patients were lost to follow-up study, and five patients died. Nine remaining patients were re-studied in 1980 with M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography as well as systolic time intervals. The PEP/LVET value of these nine patients increased from 0.37 +/- 0.05 (mean +/- SD) in 1970 to 0.47 +/- 0.07 (p less than 0.005) in 1980. Three patients remained ambulatory, and their PEP/LVET value (0.41 +/- 0.04) was significantly better than that of the nonambulatory patients (0.50 +/- 0.07, p less than 0.05). The M-mode echocardiography percentage diameter change was also worse in the nonambulatory group (21 +/- 4 percent versus 34 +/- 7 percent, p less than 0.02). The five patients who were nonambulatory in 1970 died in the intervening 10 years. This study demonstrated that the heart disease of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy is progressive and that the severity of skeletal muscle disease is probably associated with the degree of cardiac dysfunction. PMID- 7114083 TI - Acquired Gaucher's cells in Hodgkin's disease. AB - A patient with Hodgkin's disease associated with low glucocerebrosidase levels in the peripheral leukocytes, and Gaucher's cells in the bone marrow and lymph nodes, is described. After MOPP therapy, complete remission of Hodgkin's disease was accompanied by normalization of the glucocerebrosidase level and disappearance of Gaucher's cells. This observation appears unique when compared with the four cases of combined Hodgkin's and Gaucher's disease reported in earlier literature in which Gaucher's disease remained unchanged after chemotherapy. We conclude that our patient had Hodgkin's disease and acquired Gaucher's cells with diminished glucocerebrosidase levels, rather than a combination of Hodgkin's disease and Gaucher's disease. PMID- 7114084 TI - Aspergillus osteomyelitis. Report of four cases and review of the literature. AB - Four cases of Aspergillus osteomyelitis are presented and the world literature is reviewed, for a total of 19 cases. Aspergillus osteomyelitis is largely a disease of immunosuppressed hosts, although wound and other infections in "normal" hosts are seen. In children, contiguous spread from an adjacent pulmonary infection is most common, whereas in adults hematogenous spread is the rule. The survival rate in immunocompromised patients is poor, whereas the cure rate is uniform in "normal" hosts. A combined medical-surgical therapeutic approach has been used most often and seems appropriate. PMID- 7114085 TI - Immunohematology problem. PMID- 7114086 TI - Erythrocyte indices in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7114087 TI - Variance in capillary and venous glucose levels during a glucose tolerance test. PMID- 7114088 TI - Mini course: Immunology. Unit Two: Components of an immune response. PMID- 7114089 TI - Lymphocyte capping in limb-girdle muscular dystrophy: patients and carriers in an Amish isolate. PMID- 7114090 TI - An anthropometric study of girls with the Ullrich-Turner syndrome. AB - Anthropometric measurements were made on 11 Japanese girls with Ullrich-Turner syndrome (UTS) from 8 months to 14 years. Height, lower limb length, and upper limb length of the UTS patients was less than that of normal control girls. Conversely, chest circumference, transverse chest diameter, and chest depth of UTS girls was well developed and equal to that of the control girls. Measurement results of head (head circumference, head length, and head breadth) and face (bi zygomatic breadth, internal bi-ocular breadth and morphological face height) of the UTS patients were similar to those of normal girls. Bi-acromial breadth and bi-iliac diameter in the UTS were normal. PMID- 7114091 TI - Neural tube defects and maternal hyperthermia in early pregnancy: epidemiology in a human embryo population. AB - A causal relationship between neural tube defects and maternal febrile illness in early pregnancy was investigated retrospectively using human embryo data from Japan. The frequency of febrile illness was compared with corresponding data from normal controls, and holoprosencephalic and polydactylous embryos. Within the group of neural tube defects, the prevalence of maternal hyperthermia was significantly higher than in normal control and holoprosencephaly mothers. The association was constant and highly significant specifically for exencephaly, which is an embryonic forerunner of anencephaly. The correlation with myeloschisis (without exencephaly) was not significant. In eight out of the ten cases in which the timing of the fever was known, it occurred during the clinically determined critical period of neural tube closure in human embryos. These results support the hypothesis that maternal hyperthermia in early pregnancy can cause neural tube defects in man, especially anencephaly. PMID- 7114092 TI - The effects of long-term fetal constraint in vitro on the cranial base and other skeletal components. AB - Recently it was suggested that some cases of premature closure of the sagittal suture in humans may be due to fetal head constraint. Using various modifications of the procedure for long-term shell-less cultivation of chick embryos, we sought to test the hypothesis that fetal head constraint may result in abnormalities of the cranial base and other skeletal structures of the head. Our experiments with various sized containers demonstrate that fetal constraint is associated with both deformation and malformation of the craniofacial skeleton, including the cranial base, squamosal, columella (stapes), and mandible. The severity of both deformation and malformation appears to be a function of the degree of fetal constraint. If, as some suggest, abnormality of the cranial base is the primary anomaly in craniosynostosis, then our results tend to support the fetal constraint hypothesis as one explanation of simple craniostenosis. PMID- 7114093 TI - Review article: mucolipidosis IV. AB - We review all reported cases of Mucolipidosis IV, add a new one, and present evidence for a generalized phospholipid storage. All phospholipids were increased in the liver, skin fibroblasts and urine. Lysobisphosphatydic acid which was markedly elevated in these samples was the only lipid stored in muscle. A slowly progressive neurological disease with mental retardation and corneal opacities, but lacking mucopolysaccharide excretion, skeletal changes and organomegaly should raise the suspicion of this disease. At this time, the diagnosis is made by EM studies of skin or conjunctiva which should be done if results of tests on serum or bone marrow for lysosomal diseases are normal. We found some of the typical inclusions in skin fibroblasts from an obligate carrier, which suggests that distinction between the homozygote and heterozygote may be difficult. Despite this, two succeeding pregnancies with normal outcomes were successfully monitored. PMID- 7114094 TI - Brief clinical report: not all cystic hygromas occur in the Ullrich-Turner syndrome. AB - We report two sib fetuses with nuchal systic hygroma and cleft palate. This condition is probably recessively inherited as the parents have normal chromosomes (G-banded) and the fetuses were of opposite sex. Nuchal cystic hygroma is a nonspecific malformation, which reflects a delay in development of the connection between the jugular lymph sacs and the internal jugular vein. This fetal malformation and its equivalent in the adult, neck webbing, has been reported to be a part of a variety of genetic malformation syndromes. Some suggestions for counseling parents of an affected fetus are made: If the chromosome karyotype of an affected fetus is unknown, ultrasound examination, rather than AFP studies, is suggested for future pregnancies. PMID- 7114095 TI - Occasional essay: Jewish perspective on prenatal diagnosis and selective abortion of affected fetuses, including some comparisons with prevailing Catholic beliefs. PMID- 7114097 TI - Anticoagulation of autologous cord blood for neonatal resuscitation. PMID- 7114096 TI - Abortion and informed consent requirements. AB - Supreme Court decisions have liberalized a woman's right to decide whether to obtain an abortion. Some state and local governments have tried to circumvent these decisions by enacting requirements designed to discourage abortions by, among other things, dictating to physicians an elaborate litany of specific information that must be communicated to a patient as a necessary precondition of her informed consent for an abortion. This article discusses the legal status of such requirements, their implications for the professional autonomy of physicians, and the role of the medical profession in challenging these restrictions, on its own behalf and in concert with its patients. PMID- 7114098 TI - Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata: report of a case in a nonpregnant woman. PMID- 7114099 TI - Tubocutaneous fistula. PMID- 7114100 TI - Antenatal dexamethasone and prevention of respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 7114101 TI - Dilation and curettage for abnormal bleeding. PMID- 7114102 TI - Hypotension associated with epidural anesthesia. PMID- 7114103 TI - Vaginal delivery after previous cesarean section. PMID- 7114104 TI - Decidual vascular lesions of fibrinoid necrosis/atherosis. PMID- 7114105 TI - Grade III placenta and fetal lung maturity. PMID- 7114106 TI - Comparison of aggressive and conservative management of premature rupture of fetal membranes. AB - A 3-year prospective study was undertaken to compare two types of management of rupture of the fetal membranes between 26 and 34 weeks. Patients in whom amniotic fluid, obtained by amniocentesis, was shown to have no evidence of infection, and who had less than mature lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratios, were given steroids and, if needed, treated with tocolytic agents. Patients in whom no amniotic fluid could be obtained were not given steroids, but were managed expectantly. Only patients with rupture of membranes greater than or equal to 24 hours were included in the collection of data. Despite the aggressive treatment protocol of the steroid group, no significant difference was found between the two groups in the prevalence of respiratory distress, hyperbilirubinemia, patent ductus arteriosus, episodes of apnea and bradycardia, or necrotizing enterocolitis. Perinatal mortality rates were similar in the two groups, and no difference in the incidence of maternal or neonatal infectious complications was found. PMID- 7114107 TI - Severe preeclampsia. I. Peripartum hemodynamic observations. AB - With the use of peripheral and pulmonary arterial catheters, the peripartum hemodynamic patterns of 10 patients with severe preeclampsia were studied. At the time of line placement, our results demonstrated elevated cardiac outputs (9.3 +/ 1.3 L/min), high systemic vascular resistances (1,042 +/- 160 dynes . sec . cm 5), and hyperdynamic ventricular function. Immediately post partum (less than 30 minutes), a transient decline in left ventricular function in association with a rise in central venous and wedge pressures was observed. By 1 hour after delivery, ventricular function had returned to its hyperdynamic state. Swan-Ganz catheterization and cardiac output data were most helpful in the monitoring of patients with severe preeclampsia. Ventricular function in these patients appears to operate in the hyperdynamic zone or a "normal" ventricular function zone that is different from that in the nonpregnant patient. At the same time, as shown by our data and a review of the literature, severe preeclampsia appears to be a continuum, as determined by cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance measurements, which range from a high-output--low-resistance system to a low output--high-resistance one. Therefore, in the evaluation of the patient with severe preeclampsia, a complete hemodynamic profile would be helpful in determining the "phase" of the disease and the status of ventricular function. This would be useful information with which one could theoretically direct therapy in a more precise fashion. PMID- 7114108 TI - The Northwestern University Drug Dependence Program: the impact of intensive prenatal care on labor and delivery outcomes. AB - In 1976, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Prentice Women's Hospital was invited to provide obstetric services to patients of the Drug Dependence Program administered by the Department of Psychiatry at Northwestern University Medical School. Patients were referred in the early stages of pregnancy if they agreed to participate in the Drug Dependence Program at the same time. Between April, 1976, and October, 1980, 58 women received prenatal, intrapartum and postpartum care. Forty-two of these patients had been abusers of opiates; 16 were polydrug abusers. The obstetric performance of these women was characterized by an absence of major problems. The mean weight of all infants delivered was 2,935 gm. There were no perinatal deaths. The individual weights, lengths, and head circumferences of the newborn infants were distributed in a relatively normal manner. Ninety percent of the infants were delivered at 37 weeks or more of gestation. PMID- 7114109 TI - Urinary free 18-hydroxycorticosterone, plasma aldosterone, and urinary aldosterone metabolites in normal pregnancy. AB - The final steps in aldosterone biosynthesis are unclear. Undecided is whether 18 hydroxycorticosterone is a precursor of aldosterone or an end product. 18 Hydroxycorticosterone is secreted in close relationship to aldosterone. To get adequate information on the status of aldosterone in pregnancy, determination of more than one parameter of aldosterone seems to be necessary. Urinary excretion of free 18-hydroxycorticosterone, tetrahydroaldosterone, aldosterone-18 glucuronide, free aldosterone, and the plasma concentration of aldosterone were measured by radioimmunoassay in 16 primigravid women in the last trimester of normal pregnancy and in 13 healthy nonpregnant women. All steroids measured were significantly increased in pregnancy. The ratios of aldosterone-18-glucuronide to tetrahydroaldosterone in the two groups were not significantly different, so that significant changes in renal or hepatic aldosterone metabolism could not be demonstrated in pregnancy. When pregnant women with ankle edema (n = 7) were compared to pregnant women without edema (n = 9), no differences in steroid patterns could be found. The increased excretion of 18-hydroxycorticosterone in pregnancy confirms the state of hyperaldosteronism in normal pregnancy which is associated with an increase in biologically active, free aldosterone. Dissociation in the excretion of the two aldosterone metabolites and free aldosterone was found in three pregnant women, in whom excretion of aldosterone 18-glucuronide was increased but excretion of tetrahydroaldosterone and free aldosterone was in the normal nonpregnant range. PMID- 7114110 TI - Ultrasound fetal femur length in relation to intrauterine growth retardation. Part II. AB - With the establishment of a normal range of values for the growth of the ultrasound fetal femur length, a new approach for the study of growth-retarded fetuses is suggested. Ultrasound femur length was measured on a group of "high risk" pregnancies, and its ability to differentiate the symmetrically small from the asymmetrically small fetus was studied. A reduced ultrasound fetal femur length correlated in all cases with a shortened crown-heel length in the neonate. By adding this ultrasound parameter to those routinely measured on the fetus, a three-dimensional profile can be constructed. PMID- 7114111 TI - Significant correlation between maternal hemodynamics and fetal heart rate variability. AB - The differential index, describing the short-term component, and the interval index, describing the long-term component, of fetal heart rate variability were measured by an on-line method from the abdominal electrocardiograms of eight fetuses during the third trimester of normal pregnancies while mothers were smoking a cigarette. Maternal heart rate and maternal blood pressure were measured intermittently before, during, and after smoking. Analyses of fetal heart rate variability were performed continuously with the sample time of 1 minute during the experiments. An increase in maternal heart rate and blood pressure, with concomitant decrease in the interval index and the differential index, was observed. The correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between maternal heart rate and the interval index (p less than 0.001), between diastolic pressure and the differential index (p less than 0.01), and between systolic pressure and the differential index (p less than 0.01). PMID- 7114112 TI - The ovine fetoplacental endocrine response to placental damage. AB - In the chronic pregnant ewe preparation, daily blood samples, for the determination of plasma cortisol and progesterone levels by specific radioimmunoassay, were obtained from the fetal distal aorta, uterine vein, and uterine artery prior to, during, and after repetitive embolization of the uterine circulation with 15 mu microspheres. A significant increase in fetal cortisol was observed in all animals during the first 3 days of embolization. In those which subsequently entered premature labor, this increase was progressive and was associated with a fall in the uterine venous progesterone level but was unrelated to changes in either the maternal cortisol level or fetal physiologic parameters. In animals which did not enter premature labor, progesterone levels in the uterine vein and estimated progesterone release rates were elevated with an accentuated peak-trough pattern during the postembolization period. In these animals fetal cortisol returned to control levels. The data suggest that cortisol and progesterone biosynthesis within the fetoplacental unit is altered by microembolic placental damage. PMID- 7114113 TI - The development of fetal acidosis in the presence of an abnormal fetal heart rate tracing. I. The average for gestational age fetus. AB - An abnormal fetal heart rate (FHR) tracing is a sensitive indicator of positivity that disease exists, but the intrinsic predictive value of such a tracing is disappointingly low because of the large number of false positive results. Abnormal FHR tracings, defined as those having a persistent quantitative score of 4 or less, were measured against time and outcome. A baseline fetal scalp blood sample was taken. Twenty fetuses were acidotic at the first blood sample. There were 121 study cases, all of which were greater than 37 weeks' gestational age. All fetuses were average for gestational age. Amniotic fluid was clear, internal FHR tracings were initially normal, and the first pH was normal. A relative acidosis-free interval could be demonstrated during the first 90 to 100 minutes. Following this time period rapid cumulative acidosis was seen, which varied according to the FHR pattern observed. The P50 acidosis values for various patterns were late decelerations, 115 minutes; variable decelerations, 145 minutes; and flat line tracings, 185 minutes. PMID- 7114114 TI - Endotoxic shock in the primate: some effects of dopamine administration. AB - The circulatory effects of dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine) in baboons with endotoxic shock were studied. A beneficial effect was seen in all cardiovascular parameters studied. Cardiac output was better maintained, and this was primarily due to an increase in the stroke volume. The renal artery flow was improved with a decrease in the renal resistance in the dopamine-treated group when compared with the group receiving endotoxin alone. Arterial pH and PO2 did not show significant changes. A rise in blood lactic acid level and a decrease in arterial PCO2 were consistent findings whether or not the animals received dopamine. This study supports the view that dopamine improves the cardiovascular status of the subhuman primate in endotoxic shock and has implications with regard to the patient with endotoxic shock. PMID- 7114115 TI - Limulus lysate assay in detection of gonorrhea in women from a low-incidence population. AB - An evaluation of the limulus amebocyte lysate assay for detection of gonococcal endotoxin in cervical secretions was undertaken in 48 women from an ambulatory population with a low incidence of gonococcal infection. When cervical secretions were diluted 1 : 2,000, positive limulus amebocyte lysate assay results were obtained in four women (100%) with culture-proved gonococcal infection, and negative results were obtained in 25 of 44 women (57%) with culture-negative specimens. The limulus amebocyte lysate assay was not sufficiently specific in a low-incidence, largely asymptomatic population to be recommended as a rapid diagnostic procedure (60 minutes) in such a group. Standardization of sampling technique, size, and reagent preparation and elimination of vaginal contamination of cervical secretions may produce a limulus amebocyte lysate test with more consistent performance characteristics in varied populations. Since the predictive value of a test varies with the prevalence of the disease in the populations tested, a test proposed for use in a population with a low likelihood of disease must be tested in such a population. PMID- 7114116 TI - Dispermic origin and clinical outcome of three complete hydatidiform moles with 46,XY karyotype. AB - Three new cases of complete, classic hydatidiform mole with a 46,XY karyotype are described. They originated by dispermy as demonstrated by chromosome and enzyme analyses. Levels of human chorionic gonadotropin decreased to normal spontaneously within a short time, indicating a benign course in these three cases. Of a total of 18 cases reported to data, postoperative clinical information was available for 10 patients. Two of these 10 patients had a malignant course with lung metastases. It is of theoretical and clinical importance to establish the magnitude of the risk of malignancy for hydatidiform mole with a 46,XY karyotype. PMID- 7114117 TI - Prevalence of oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea in a college population. AB - Menstrual disorders in college students have been reported as higher than in the general population. Several reasons, among them calorie-restricted diets, strenuous exercise, and college-related stress, have been attributed to this increased prevalence. During the period November, 1979, to January, 1980, 991 of 1,420 college students completed questionnaires which inquired about their menstrual history. The prevalence of oligomenorrhea in this group was 11.3% and that of amenorrhea was 2.6%. Significant factors associated with oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea in this group were weight loss (greater than 20 pounds) and jogging. In most women with oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea, menstrual irregularity was present prior to college entry. With the use of self-administered questionnaires, we could not identify any specific college stress to account for the presence of menstrual abnormalities in a college population. PMID- 7114118 TI - Rededication to the basics. Presidential address. PMID- 7114119 TI - Outpatient breast biopsies on a gynecologic service. AB - One hundred forty-six breast biopsies in 143 patients were done on outpatient basis, without general anesthesia, on a gynecologic service between 1975 and 1980. This procedure has advantages over in-hospital biopsy in terms of cost, time, reduced immediate risk, and patient acceptance. Greater long-term risk, if carcinoma is found, has not been substantiated. Gynecologists need this procedure as an adjunct to the management of benign breast conditions and should be trained to do it. PMID- 7114120 TI - Puerperal tuberculosis with death of infant. PMID- 7114121 TI - Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata. PMID- 7114122 TI - The effect of labor on maternal and fetal circulating catecholamines. AB - Maternal circulating catecholamines were determined in nonpregnant (n = 15) and antepartum (n = 15) subjects and at spontaneous vaginal (n = 20) and repeat cesarean section (n = 20) deliveries. Newborn levels of catecholamines were determined prior to the onset of respiration in the vaginal delivery (n = 20) and cesarean section (n = 20) groups. Maternal levels of norepinephrine at 36 to 38 weeks' gestation were lower than values in nonpregnant individuals, and did not increase at cesarean section but rose to nonpregnant levels at vaginal delivery. Antepartum levels of epinephrine were lower than levels in nonpregnant subjects and rose above nonpregnant levels in both delivery groups (P less than 0.02). Maternal levels of dopamine followed a similar pregnancy decline and rose above nonpregnant levels at delivery in both groups (P less than 0.02). Maternal levels of dopamine in the cesarean section group were significantly higher than those in vaginal delivery (P less than 0.05). Newborn levels of catecholamines demonstrated significant newborn secretion of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine at delivery in both groups. Umbilical arterial levels of norepinephrine and epinephrine were significantly greater after vaginal delivery than those after abdominal delivery (P less than 0.01). The significance of circulating catecholamines to, and their possible roles in, the parturient women and fetus are discussed. PMID- 7114123 TI - The gynecologist and the dying cancer patient. AB - It has been speculated that obstetricians and gynecologists may have relatively more problems in dealing with death and dying than do some other physicians. A questionnaire was sent to 3,229 Board-eligible or Board-certified obstetrician gynecologists in rural and urban areas in the Southeast. Only 11% of those who responded had had any emphasis placed on the care of dying patients during their training. Only 6% had not seen any new cases of invasive cancer of the female genital tract in a 5-year period. Sixty-two percent hospitalized their terminally ill patients; 21% managed their terminal patients at home; and only 1% indicated that they used a hospice. Our data support the concept that, despite the increase in hospices and dying teams (available to 19% of respondents), gynecologists will continue to be asked to care for the dying. Suggestions for improving the training of residents in caring for the dying are presented. PMID- 7114124 TI - Shoulder dystocia: fifteen years' experience in a community hospital. AB - The profile of the patient most likely to present with shoulder dystocia was determined to be a patient over 41 weeks' gestation with a prolonged decelerative phase of labor (8 to 10 cm) who was receiving epidural anesthesia before adequate descent of the vertex, resulting ina midforceps delivery. The patho-anatomic mechanism involves displacement of the anterior shoulder from a larger, i.e., oblique diameter, to a small (anteroposterior) diameter of the pelvis. The restitution of the shoulders to the oblique diameter is the hallmark of management. Proposed is an algorithm involving abdominal pressure to widening the episiotomy (bilateral if necessary) to displace the shoulders to the oblique diameter by corkscrewing or, if possible, careful delivery of the posterior shoulder. Cleidotomy is downplayed. The constant awareness of the possibility of the rapid development of shoulder dystocia, with its potentially lethal and always dangerous consequences, is espoused. PMID- 7114125 TI - Phosphatidylglycerol and fetal lung maturity. AB - The lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio has been reported to be inadequate as a predictor of fetal surfactant maturity in many complicated obstetric cases, particularly in patients with diabetes. L/S ratios are also unreliable when the sample contains blood or meconium. Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) is present only in amniotic fluid and respiratory tract effluent. PG may characterize surfactant maturity in samples of amniotic fluid contaminated with blood or meconium as well as specimens collected from the vagina in cases of premature rupture of membranes. Three hundred eleven samples of amniotic fluid collected from January, 1980, to June, 1981, were analyzed for L/S ratio and PG. This report analyses the ability of these tests to predict neonatal maturity in normal and complicated obstetric cases. PMID- 7114126 TI - Impaired reproductive performance of the unicornuate uterus: intrauterine growth retardation, infertility, and recurrent abortion in five cases. PMID- 7114127 TI - Endometrial cancer: evaluation of spread and follow-up one hundred eighty-nine patients with Stage I or Stage II disease. AB - A retrospective study was undertaken of 189 patients with Stage I or Stage II endometrial cancer in whom selective lymphadenectomy had been performed between the years 1974 and 1981. Pelvic and para-aortic nodal involvement increased with increasing stage, grade, and depth of myometrial invasion. The incidences of pelvic and para-aortic node metastases in Stage I were 1.4% and 3.8%, respectively, while 17.6% of Stage II patients had para-aortic metastases. Mortality was significantly greater for Stage I adenosquamous carcinoma (10.5%) and papillary serous adenocarcinoma (37.5%) than for Stage I adenocarcinoma (2.2%). In Stage I, grade 3 nonrandomized cases of endometrial cancer, no significant difference in survival or morbidity occurred between those patients treated with external radiation and those who were not. Intraperitoneal or adnexal spread occurred in 12 of the 189 patients, and lymph nodes were diseased in two of these. Sixteen of 17 recurrences developed at extrapelvic sites, indicating the need for effective systemic chemotherapy in high-risk patients. The overall 5-year survival rates for Stage I and II patients were 88.0% and 83.3%, respectively. PMID- 7114128 TI - The effect of menses and use of catamenial products on cervical carriage of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Cervical specimens for culturing for Staphylococcus aureus were obtained during menstruation and at midcycle from 40 users of tampons and twelve users of pads. Nine women (two users of pads and seven users of tampons) were colonized by S. aureus. Colonization rates of the cervix were similar for users of tampons and users of pads (18% and 17%, respectively). S. aureus was isolated more frequently during menstruation (17%) than at midcycle (5.8%). Six women had positive menstrual cultures without a positive midcycle culture, whereas no women had positive midcycle cultures and negative menstrual cultures. These observations indicate a significant (p less than 0.05) association of menses with staphylococcal colonization of the cervix. PMID- 7114129 TI - Th determinants of birth weight. AB - Presented are the results of multivariate regression analysis of the variations in birth weight of term babies associated with the socioeconomic, physical, and medical factors recorded in obstetric case notes at a London teaching hospital. The results show that the sex of the baby, parity, maternal smoking during the pregnancy, maternal height, weight, marital status, and race, and gestation (after allowing for the foregoing characteristics) were all important and significant factors. Socioeconomic status, per se, was not, nor was age. In particular, the results negate the suggestion that the loss of birth weight associated with smoking during the pregnancy might be due to the smoker, rather than to smoking itself. The results indicate that moderate smoking (one to 15 cigarettes per day) causes a loss of 107 gm, and that heavy smoking (16+) causes a loss of 158 gm, after all other factors have been taken into account. An investigation of how these figures would be affected by failing to control for one or more of the other factors led to the conclusion that the estimates of the loss of birth weight as a result of smoking in completely uncontrolled studies may be reasonably accurate, whereas the estimates in partially controlled studies are probably biased. PMID- 7114130 TI - Fertility regulation in nursing women. II. Comparative performance of progesterone implants versus placebo and copper T. AB - A clinical study was designed to test whether sustained administration of progesterone to nursing mothers could prolong lactation and delay the postpartum recovery of fertility. The hormone was administered by subdermal implantation of six pellets that each contained 100 mg of progesterone. This treatment was administered to 84 fully nursing women on day 30 post partum. Control groups were composed of 130 fully nursing women who received an injectably placebo, and by 125 fully nursing women who received a TCu 200 intrauterine contraceptive device. An exacting list of requirements for admission to and continuation in the study was applied to all groups. No pregnancies occurred in the progesterone-treated group from the second to the sixth postpartum month. This period coincided with the period of elevation plasma progesterone attributable to hormone released from the implants. The cumulative probability of pregnancy in the placebo group was 10.2 per 100 women at the sixth month. Treatment with progesterone did not change the duration of lactation or the rate of child growth, and no adverse effects were recorded. These results warrant further investagation of the use of progesterone as an alternative method to prevent conception in nursing women. PMID- 7114131 TI - Raised prostaglandin levels in the third stage of labor. AB - Serial measurements of maternal peripheral plasma concentrations of 13,14-dihydro 15-keto-prostaglandin F (PGFM) and oxytocin were made during the three stages of labor and in the immediate puerperium. PGFM levels increased a labor progressed, and reached maximal levels before placental separation had occurred. The mean value in the second stage of labor was significantly higher than that in the first stage (p less than 0.01); similarly, the value 5 minutes after delivery, before expulsion of the placenta, was significantly greater than that in the second stage of labor (p less than 0.01). There was no significant difference between the mean PGFM concentration at placental separation and the level 5 minutes after delivery or in the second stage of labor. Two hours after delivery of the placenta, PGFM levels were not significantly different from values observed in the first stage of labor. Peripheral plasma concentrations of oxytocin did not change significantly at any stage of labor or 2 hours post partum. These results suggest that prostaglandins have a role in the third stage of labor, and this finding may have important clinical implications. PMID- 7114132 TI - Human fetal breathing movements after carbohydrate ingestion in fasting and nonfasting subjects. AB - Human fetal breathing movements were observed by means of the linear array real time B-scan technique in 40 study sessions at 35 to 36 week's gestation. Fasting and nonfasting subjects received water or 75 gm of glucose orally. Fetal breathing activity, observed as movement of the chest wall, was analyzed. The data support conclusions that fetal breathing increased after maternal ingestion of glucose in both fasting and nonfasting subjects, that the absolute increases in fetal breathing were similar for fasting and nonfasting subjects, and that fetal breathing occurred more frequently in nonfasting control subjects than in fasting control subjects in the setting of the study. PMID- 7114133 TI - Fetal heart rate accelerations and late decelerations during the course of intrauterine death in chronically catheterized rhesus monkeys. AB - The appearance of late decelerations and the disappearance of accelerations in the fetal heart rate were observed during the days that preceded intrauterine fetal death in nine chronically instrumented rhesus monkeys. All nine animals had recovered satisfactorily from the initial surgical procedure, as evidenced by normal biophysical and biochemical parameters. After recovery, all the fetuses had shown accelerations and no late decelerations with spontaneous uterine contractions. The mean duration of the preparations was 16.1 days. The duration of the preterminal observation period varied from 3 to 13 days, during which time no experiments were performed. The fetuses died during labor at a mean gestational age of 143 days. Late decelerations were the first sign of fetal deterioration and occurred with a slight but significant decrease in fetal PaO2 without changes in pH, whereas accelerations in fetal heart rate were still present. The loss of accelerations in fetal heart rate was a later phenomenon and was associated with significant reductions in fetal pH and PaO2. PMID- 7114134 TI - Surfactant "apoproteins" in human amniotic fluid: an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the prenatal assessment of lung maturity. AB - We have developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the quantitation of human lung surfactant high--molecular weight proteins and used this assay to evaluate changes in surfactant "apoprotein" content of amniotic fluid during the last trimester of pregnancy. The amount of surfactant apoprotein in human amniotic fluid increased with advancing gestational age and correlated well with other parameters of fetal lung maturity, the lecithin:sphingomyelin ratio, and the presence of phosphatidylglycerol. The findings suggest that this test, which is relatively simple to perform, may prove useful as an additional clinical parameter for assessing fetal lung maturity and predicting more accurately fetuses at risk of developing hyaline membrane disease. PMID- 7114135 TI - A modified activated partial thromboplastin time with the use of amniotic fluid. Preliminary report of a new technique for detection of fetal lung maturity. AB - The need for a simple, accurate, rapidly performed fetal lung maturity test remains unfilled despite the large number of methods available. In a preliminary prospective study, the amniotic fluid activated partial thromboplastin time (PTT) appeared to be encouraging. The false mature rate in an at-risk patient population was 0.80%, and the false immature rate was 61%. The false mature rates for the lecitin/sphingomyelin ratio and absorbance 650 in the same patients were 0% and 0.63%, respectively, whereas the false immature rates were 81.8% and 91.3%. Since both the amniotic fluid activated PTT and absorbance 650 can be readily performed in the smallest hospital, the accuracy of the combination was explored. Combining the amniotic fluid activated PTT with a mature absorbance 650 reduced the false immature rate to 30.7%. Th amniotic fluid activated PTT is a rapid, accurate, economical test that is unaffected by gross blood or meconium contaminants. PMID- 7114136 TI - Cataracts associated with allopurinol therapy. AB - The National Registry of Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects has accumulated 30 cases of suspected allopurinol-induced lens changes. The cataracts associated with this antihyperuricemic agent are initially anterior and posterior lens capsule changes with anterior subcapsular vacuoles. With time, wedge-shaped anterior and posterior cortical haze occurs, along with dense posterior subcapsular cataracts. Histologic studies of these cataracts showed no unique or identifying features. These cases do not prove a cause-and-effect relationship, but raise the suspicion that allopurinol may be cataractogenic in some patients. Additional case reports and lens material should be sent to the National Registry of Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects, Oregon Health Sciences University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97201. PMID- 7114137 TI - Allopurinol therapy and cataractogenesis in humans. AB - Long-term ingestion of allopurinol, an antihyperuricemic agent used to treat gout, may be related to the development of lens opacities in relatively young patients (second to fifth decades of life). Cataracts obtained from three patients taking allopurinol were subjected to high-resolution phosphorescence spectroscopy. The characteristic allopurinol triplet was demonstrated in all three cataracts. Identical spectra were obtained for normal human lenses incubated in media containing 10(-3)M allopurinol and exposed to 1.2 mW/cm2 ultraviolet radiation for 16 hours; control lenses (irradiated without allopurinol) showed no allopurinol triplets. Similar data were obtained for lenses from rats given one dose of allopurinol and exposed to ultraviolet radiation overnight. These data provide evidence that allopurinol can be photobound in rat and human lenses and suggest its cataractogenic potential. PMID- 7114138 TI - The results of sulfur hexafluoride gas in vitreous surgery. AB - Of 101 vitrectomies that used sulfur hexafluoride gas, 42 of 87 eyes followed up for six months had attached retinas and 28 had visual acuities of 6/240 (20/800) or better. Ocular hypertension occurred after 45 of the 101 operations and the incidence of ocular hypertension was significantly higher in eyes that received 100% sulfur hexafluoride than in eyes given lesser concentrations of gas (P less than .05). Twenty-six of 101 eyes developed transient fibrinous exudation. Ocular hypertension was significantly more common in eyes with fibrin than in eyes without fibrin (P = .001). After complicated vitrectomies, 11 eyes developed presumed central retinal artery occlusions and lost light perception on the first postoperative day. Ten of these eyes had increased intraocular pressures. Eyes with severe hemorrhagic complications from vitrectomy were most likely to develop presumed central retinal artery occlusions. PMID- 7114139 TI - An apparent small cluster of choroidal melanoma cases. AB - Three choroidal melanomas were detected in a 2.5-year period in a small community of 3,592 persons. This small cluster represented an incidence about 20 times that expected (P = .0006). The community has an isolated water supply and very little industry. We determined the incidence of cancer in this and two adjacent communities and found no other unexpectedly high incidence. The three patients had no common exposures. Analyses of air and water from the involved community by mass spectroscopy, chromatography, and Ames (mutagenicity) tests were noncontributory. Nine of 60 mice given community water after weaning developed lens opacities eight to 16 months later; electron microscopy showed an abnormal monolayer of cells on the outer surface of the anterior lens capsule. The genesis of this monolayer was not clear. None of the 30 controls showed such lesions. PMID- 7114140 TI - Prevalence of ocular disease in a population study of subjects 65 years old and older. AB - During a two-year period a randomly selected age-stratified sample of subjects 65 years old and older living in Gisborne, New Zealand, was examined by an ophthalmologist to investigate visual acuity and the prevalence of the major disorders of vision in old age. A total of 481 subjects (a response rate of 86.2%) completed the study. When the results were weighted to remove the effect of stratified sampling, the following prevalence rates for the population 65 years and over were obtained: cataract, 30.1% with no sex difference and an increasing prevalence with increasing age; senile macular degeneration, 6.4% with no sex difference and an increasing prevalence with increasing age; glaucoma, 3.6% with no sex difference except for women 90 years old or older who had a higher rate. The prevalence of glaucoma increased with increasing age in women, but in men there was no clear pattern; diabetic retinopathy, 0.5%. In the population 65 years old and older, we estimated that 81% of the men and 68.8% of the women had best corrected visual acuities of 6/9 (20/30) or better in the better eye. PMID- 7114141 TI - Nonprogressive low-tension glaucoma with pigmentary dispersion. AB - Four patients with nonprogressive glaucomatous cupping and nonprogressive visual field damage, three of whom were referred with a diagnosis of low-tension glaucoma, were found to have slit-like radial peripheral iris transillumination defects. Three of these patients had Krukenberg spindles and dense pigmentation of the trabecular meshwork. These findings are considered pathognomonic for pigmentary glaucoma. Little is known of the natural course of this disease. A decrease in corneal and trabecular pigmentation with age and normalization of intraocular pressures after years of treatment have been noted. The patients described here were all much older than the average patient with pigmentary glaucoma, yet in none of them had a diagnosis of glaucoma been made at the time the damage presumably developed. In these patients the pigmentary glaucoma had probably remitted spontaneously. PMID- 7114142 TI - Argon laser treatment for medically unresponsive attacks of angle-closure glaucoma. AB - Seven patients with medically unresponsive attacks of angle-closure glaucoma were successfully treated with the argon laser. Three methods may be used either singly or in combination to cut short an attack: (1) peripheral iridoplasty, (2) pupilloplasty, and (3) laser iridectomy. Laser treatment is preferable to and safer than intraocular iridectomy in such cases. Pilocarpine, which increases the axial length of the lens and shallows the anterior chamber, may worsen angle closure by increasing the pupillary block. An enlarged lens or forward movement of the lens may be a significant factor in medically unresponsive attacks. The routine use of copious amounts of pilocarpine should be avoided in treating angle closure glaucoma. PMID- 7114143 TI - Goblet cell response to vitamin A treatment for corneal xerophthalmia. AB - In 11 patients with active corneal xerophthalmia, conjunctival biopsies were obtained at various intervals after massive-dose systemic vitamin A therapy. Goblet cells began to repopulate the inferonasal quadrant of the conjunctivas after two weeks, and they reached normal concentrations after one month. Corneal healing proceeded much more rapidly than that, suggesting that a full complement of mucus-secreting conjunctival goblet cells is not essential for restoration and maintenance of normal corneal appearance. PMID- 7114144 TI - Factors that influence the efficacy of topical gentamicin prophylaxis for experimental Pseudomonas keratitis. AB - We evaluated the efficacy of topical gentamicin prophylaxis for experimental Pseudomonas keratitis in rabbits by applying gentamicin in concentrations of 0.3 and 4 mg/100 ml, in both solution and ointment vehicles, one or four hours after a superficial stromal scratch was infected topically with Pseudomonas organisms. Under these conditions the most effective prophylaxis was that given early, in solution, and in high concentration. PMID- 7114145 TI - Clinical manifestations and radiologic findings in craniopharyngiomas in adults. AB - The clinical and histopathologic findings in two adults with craniopharyngioma emphasized the wide age range and diverse initial manifestations of this tumor. A retrospective clinical review of 49 additional patients substantiated these points and disclosed that over 40% were initially examined by ophthalmologists. The initial manifestations fell into four broad categories: (1) visual system abnormalities (77% of the cases), (2) headache (67%), (3) endocrinologic abnormalities (57%), and (4) mental status abnormalities (19%). The frequency of these manifestations varied slightly among different age groups. The radiologic features in the two patients described (a 75-year-old man and a 38-year-old woman) included a distinct appearance on computed tomographic scans. These craniopharyngioma were not calcified and were isodense without contrast but enhanced densely and uniformly with contrast, simulating an aneurysm of the circle of Willis. PMID- 7114146 TI - Plaque causing homonymous hemianopsia in multiple sclerosis identified by computed tomography. AB - Three patients with multiple sclerosis (women 20, 24, and 30 years old) had demyelinative plaques that produced homonymous hemianopsia. These lesions were identified by computed tomography which showed the plaques as hypodense areas. All patients with homonymous hemianopsia should undergo computed tomography; if a hypodense or enhancing lesion is identified, the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis must be considered. PMID- 7114147 TI - Combined clinical and computed tomographic diagnosis of orbital lymphoid tumors. AB - Computed tomography has made it possible to make a strongly presumptive preoperative diagnosis of orbital lymphoid tumors, particularly when the radiographic findings are analyzed in conjunction with the clinical features. Twenty-six patients (with 27 orbital lymphoid tumors) had an average age of 57 years and had painless swelling or low-grade proptosis averaging 7.5 months in duration. The computed tomographic findings were highly characteristic. Almost all of the tumors had a retrobulbar or superior orbital component. In both the coronal and axial planes, distinctive growth patterns and contourings were discovered. The lesions molded themselves to preexisting orbital structures without eroding bone or enlarging the orbit. Against the bone, globe, and muscle edges, the lesions featured smooth, sharply demarcated contours with abruptly acute or perpendicular angulations, whereas a streaky profile became apparent as they irregularly infiltrated the retrobulbar fat, reflecting involvement of microfascial structural elements. No distinguishing differences were discovered in the growth patterns of the benign and the malignant tumors. PMID- 7114148 TI - Modified Crawford hook for lacrimal intubation. PMID- 7114149 TI - Making moisture-chamber spectacles. PMID- 7114150 TI - Changing aspects of management of ocular trauma. PMID- 7114151 TI - Conventional views about retinopathy of prematurity challenged. PMID- 7114152 TI - Loss of intraocular pressure control with Ocusert. PMID- 7114153 TI - Traumatic expulsion of an intraocular lens. PMID- 7114154 TI - Hazards of similar packaging. PMID- 7114155 TI - Orbital metastasis of bladder carcinoma. PMID- 7114156 TI - Super Glue mistaken for pilocarpine. PMID- 7114158 TI - Aplastic anemia and chloramphenicol. PMID- 7114157 TI - Bifid insertion of inferior oblique muscle. PMID- 7114159 TI - State licensure for occupational therapists. PMID- 7114160 TI - Contributions to the development of psychoeducational approaches to mental health service. PMID- 7114161 TI - Performance of normal older adults on tests designed to measure parietal lobe functions. AB - Symptoms referrable to the parietal lobes, such as difficulty with dressing, unilateral neglect, or manual apraxia, are a frequent rehabilitation problem among stroke patients. Occupational therapists need an evaluation tool for parietal lobe functions and performance expectations for adults 40 years and older. A battery of tests designed to measure functions of the parietal lobes was given to 68 normal adults from 40 to 88 years of age. The test battery included drawings, stick designs, finger identifications, right-left identifications, arithmetic, clock settings, map localizations, block constructions, visual organization tasks, and visual discrimination tasks. Statistical analysis of the data revealed significant age-related changes on the constructional tasks, finger identifications, clock settings, visual organization tasks, and visual discrimination tasks. No significant age effect was found on right-left identifications, map localizations, or arithmetic. Implications for the evaluation and treatment of older adults in occupational therapy are discussed. PMID- 7114162 TI - Hip-abduction, knee-extension orthosis. PMID- 7114163 TI - Sit time monitor: a device for measuring wheelchair sitting time. PMID- 7114164 TI - Leydig cell tumor induced hypercalcemia in the Fischer rat: morphometric and histochemical evidence for a humoral factor that activates osteoclasts. AB - A nonmetastatic, transplantable Leydig cell tumor of Fischer rats causes hypercalcemia in the host animals. The tumor's effects on long bones were studied with histochemical and morphometric methods. Small viable fragments of the tumor (about 1 cu mm) were transplanted into 59 Fischer rats. After 2 weeks, when the animals were sacrificed, the tumors weighed 13.9 +/- 4.8 gr (SD), and the animals had lost a mean of 10.1 g of weight. Compared with 16 normal control rats (mean weight gain of 9.5 g), the tumor-bearing rats showed: 1) a reduction in the volume of trabecular bone, which correlated well with the weight of the tumor; 2) a significant narrowing of the epiphyseal plate cartilage; 3) a diminution in the number of marrow fat cells, which in most tumor-bearing rats were totally absent; 4) an increase in the number of osteoclasts many of which were mononuclear and had to be identified with the aid of a histochemical reaction for acid phosphatase; 5) a great expansion of the marrow vascular channels that maintained an endothelial lining. Since there is no metastasis of the tumor cells, the effects of the tumor are presumably mediated by a humoral factor that activates existing osteoclasts and induces monocytes to differentiate into osteoclasts. PMID- 7114165 TI - The chemical mediation of delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions: III. Purification and characterization of a precursor protein for macrophage chemotactic factor in normal guinea pig plasma. AB - A putative precursor protein for macrophage-chemotactic factor, which was extracted fro inflammatory skin sites (MCFS-1) (Kambara et al, Am J Pathol 1977, 87:359-374), was found in normal guinea pig plasma and was purified to an apparent homogeneity upon SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with a molecular weight of 160,000. This plasma protein was different from complement components of C3 and C5 in terms of molecular weight, functional activity as complements detected by hemolytic assay, and immunologic properties. Although it exhibited the common antigenicity with MCFS-1, it did not show any chemotactic activity for macrophages, However, incubation of this plasma protein at either 4 C for 5 days or 37 C for 1-2 days could generate a chemotactic factor with a molecular weight of approximately 150,000 which was similar to that of MCFS-1. This generation of chemotactic activity was completely prevented by the presence of the serine-type protease inhibitor, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. These data could be well accounted for if we assume that this plasma protein might be a precursor for the macrophage-chemotactic factor found in delayed hypersensitivity skin sites, and that a proteolytic process might be involved in the activation of this precursor. PMID- 7114168 TI - The new mendicancy: homeless in New York City. AB - An ethnographic study of the homeless poor in New York City suggests that significant changes have taken place in the size and composition of that population during the past 15 years. Among the disenfranchised, the mentally disabled figure prominently, many of them casualties of state deinstitutionalization and restricted admission policies. This paper argues that in the absence of safe and accessible shelter, rehabilitation efforts are doomed to failure. It is suggested that clinicians could play a critical advocacy role for an approach that sees therapeutic and social needs as intimately linked. PMID- 7114167 TI - Testimony for the neglected: the mentally ill in the post-deinstitutionalized age. PMID- 7114166 TI - Hypercalcemia of malignancy: Hypercalcemia associated with an adenocarcinoma of the apocrine glands of the anal sac. PMID- 7114169 TI - Children under fire: the role of the schools. AB - Responses of teachers and children in Northern Ireland and observations in other areas of the world beset by the daily threat of violence and death are reported. Respondents showed a deep concern about the role of schools in relation to children who have grown up with warfare in the streets. The concept of school-as sanctuary is discussed in light of its effects on the processes of teaching, learning, and the emotional development of students. PMID- 7114170 TI - The forgotten grief: a review of the psychology of stillbirth. AB - Recognizing that grieving occurs in parents of stillborn infants, attention is focused on aspects of grief, both similar to others bereavements and particular to perinatal loss. Processes in perinatal bereavement, pathological variants of perinatal grief, and the conditions and interventions affecting the outcome of grief at stillbirth are considered. Suggestions for further research are offered. PMID- 7114171 TI - Social roles of women in medicine, psychiatry, and social work. PMID- 7114172 TI - In defense of the case study method. AB - A review of common criticisms of the case study method indicates that many of them are based on conceptual confusions. Other criticisms stem from the inappropriate application of criteria used in the evaluation of experimental designs. This paper attempts to clarify several of the underlying conceptual issues, to identify more appropriate evaluative criteria, and to suggest procedures leading to more rigorous use of the case study method. PMID- 7114173 TI - Factors associated with children's adherence to stimulant medication. AB - Hyperactive children and their families were studied to assess adherence to a regimen of stimulant medication. Of those agreeing to participate for one year, 20% had discontinued medication by the fourth month and 44% by the tenth month. Findings are discussed in relation to child and parent characteristics, and unique nature of using medication to treat behavior problems in children, and the difficulty of carrying out such long-term investigations with children. PMID- 7114174 TI - Temperature profiles of hyperactive children. AB - An examination of temperament characteristics of hyperactive and control subjects indicates that, early in their lives, hyperactive children were viewed as having extreme temperament patterns characteristic of children difficult to rear. Primary hyperactive children were characterized by low threshold level, difficulties in staying on schedule, adjusting slowly to changes and being very active, and not being persistent. Implications of the findings for child-rearing practices are discussed. PMID- 7114175 TI - Of children and liberty: an historian's view. PMID- 7114176 TI - Children's rights in the family and society: dilemmas and realities. PMID- 7114177 TI - Children, parents, and the state. PMID- 7114178 TI - Ethical implications of the children's rights movement for professionals. AB - Mental health professionals should be special protectors of children's rights. However, at times they have not seemed to fulfil this responsibility very well, perhaps contributing to the need for the children's rights movement. Role perceptions, theoretical orientation, external pressures, paucity of services, conflict with parents, and complexity of the task are considered as reasons. The need for the professional to take a strong ethical position, going beyond traditional guidelines, is presented. PMID- 7114179 TI - Children's rights: where are the children? AB - This paper argues that the assumption that parents and children have coextensive interests is sometimes erroneous. It is suggested that children's participation in decisions concerning them is ethically and legally permitted, or even demanded, in some situations. Initial research on children's concepts of their rights and their perception of their quality of life is reviewed. PMID- 7114180 TI - Stress effects of sexual harassment on the job: implications for counseling. AB - Case material from 262 women who sought crisis intervention in sexual harassment situations suggest common patterns of harassment behavior and reactions to it. Incidents of sexual harassment typically threaten a women's job security and violate her physical privacy. Mental and physical stress symptoms, as well as diminished productivity and self-confidence, are common reaction. Suggestions for appropriate counseling strategies are offered. PMID- 7114181 TI - A method for monitoring the impact of sex-role stereotypes on the therapeutic behavior of beginning psychotherapists. PMID- 7114182 TI - How effective public office allays conscience. PMID- 7114184 TI - Special or site of lesion auditory testing. PMID- 7114183 TI - Recovery from prolonged sensorineural hearing loss. AB - Five cases of sensorineural hearing loss are presented in which partial or complete recovery of hearing occurred after periods of deafness lasting from three months to more than five years. Three of the cases were diagnosed as Meniere's disease, one as sudden deafness of probable viral origin, and one as idiopathic sudden deafness. A review of the literature reveals brief mention of only a few similar cases, although it is suspected that the phenomenon is not as rare as these isolated reports suggest. It is proposed on the basis of experimental work in animals that the reversible deafness in these patients may be due to temporary obstruction of capillaries in the stria vascularis, which produces strial hypoxia resulting in a reduction in the endolymphatic potential, with consequent hearing loss. PMID- 7114185 TI - Otolaryngologic plain film radiography, with an emphasis on the temporal bone- how to do it. Part two. PMID- 7114186 TI - Volume measurement of middle ear and mastoid air cell system with impedance audiometry on patients with eardrum perforations. AB - The usefulness of the electroacoustic impedance bridge with a probe tone frequency of 0.22 kHz in the determination of the middle ear and mastoid volumes was evaluated in patients with dry eardrum perforations. The values obtained were compared with the volumes determined by an aspiration technique utilizing the gas laws. Also, a comparison was made between the impedance volumes and the size of the mastoid air cell system as measured on x-ray film in a lateral projection. A significant agreement between the two methods of direct volume determination was found. A good relationship was found between the impedance volume and the mastoid air cell area. The impedance audiometry enables a rapid and valuable estimation of the air reservoir in the middle ear in patients with eardrum perforations. PMID- 7114187 TI - Diagnostic conclusions from computerized smooth pursuit tracking data. AB - Measures of phase (lead or lag of target), gain (amplitude of response), and spectral purity (distortion of smooth tracking) were obtained by a cross-power spectral analysis of the stimulus input and the eye movement output. Normal patients showed no central involvement of the pursuit pathways in the central nervous system. Patients with central lesions had marked deficits. At this time it is premature to try to localize the site of lesion on the basis of these raw data. A small sample of known diagnoses have been chosen to evaluate this tracking system. Hopefully, this method will contribute to a better understanding of the neural pathways of vestibulo-oculomotor function and provide diagnostic information. PMID- 7114188 TI - Electroneurography: objective prognostic assessment of facial paralysis. PMID- 7114189 TI - Acoustic tumor surgery with preservation of hearing. A histopathologic report. AB - The goals of acoustic tumor surgery are total tumor removal, intact facial nerve function, and preservation of hearing. the middle fossa approach offers the opportunity to achieve these goals in selected cases. This article presents the findings from the temporal bones of two patients who had undergone middle fossa removal of an acoustic tumor, nine and ten years before their deaths. Hearing was preserved in one case and lost in the other. The patient with profound postoperative deafness showed severe degenerative changes and ossification in the membranous labyrinth. This was explained on the basis of internal auditory artery occlusion. The goals of acoustic tumor surgery are discussed in light of the histopathologic findings in these two cases. the middle fossa approach is advocated as the best available to achieve these goals in intracanalicular tumors. PMID- 7114191 TI - The Yale University otolaryngology training program. PMID- 7114190 TI - Facial paralysis complicating iontophoresis of the tympanic membrane: a case report. PMID- 7114192 TI - Sole dermatoglyphics in the Forest Nentsy, Nganasans, and Chukchi: dermatoglyphic distances. AB - Sole dermatoglyphics of the aborigines of Northwestern Siberia, Taimir, and Kamchatka are presented in this paper. The distance coefficients based on various combinations of dermatoglyphic traits depending on their heritability were estimated. These were compared with the overall dermatoglyphic distance coefficients as well as with the genetic (dermatoglyphic) distance coefficients based on six blood groups (ABO, MNSs, P, Fy, Jk, Kp). Genetic interpretation of the distances was attempted in connection with analysis of differences or similarities between these populations. PMID- 7114193 TI - Growth and body composition of Mexican-American boys 9 through 14 years of age. AB - The growth status and densitometric estimates of body composition are considered in a cross-sectional sample of 95 Mexican-American boys, 9 through 14 years of age, from lower socioeconomic circumstances. A series of 19 measurements were taken on each boy, including measures of size, proportions, skeletal breadths, limb circumferences, skinfolds, and grip strength. Body density was determined by underwater weighing and residual volume was predicted. Density determinations were converted to percentage body fat using the average of two estimates from the equations of Brozek et al. (1963) and Siri (1956). Relative fatness was also converted to lean body mass and fat weight in kilograms. The growth status of the boys was compared to reference data for American White boys in the U. S. Health examination Survey. The Mexican-American boys are shorter and lighter than the reference data, and smaller in all anthropometric dimensions except skinfolds, which are variable. The subscapular and midaxillary skinfolds are similar in the two samples, while the triceps, medial calf, and suprailiac skinfolds are thinner in Mexican-American boys. Regressions of the four body composition estimates on age show significant age effects only for lean body mass and fat weight. Density and percentage fat do not vary significantly with age. Compared to samples of boys in the same age range, the Mexican-American boys generally have a greater body density. Correlations between skinfold thicknesses and body density are generally lower in the Mexican-American boys compared to other samples. Two equations for the prediction of body density in Mexican-American boys are offered. PMID- 7114194 TI - Electron-optical microscopic study of incipient dental microdamage from experimental seed and bone crushing. AB - No living analogue exists for the hypothetical early hominid hard/tough-seed, coarse-root-eating, and bone-crushing masticatory adaptation. To investigate possible microdamage/microwear to dental enamel caused by such usage, puncture crushing experiments were carried out on single human teeth, using an Instron compression apparatus on the following six test materials: Makapansgat Limeworks chert (e.g., taphonomy), fresh steer longbone, mongongo nuts, Grewia berries, Carob beans, and wild-onion bulbs. Pairs of extracted unworn third molars were utilized, with one tooth acting as the control. The teeth were mounted, ultrasonically cleaned, and two-stage replicas made with a vinyl polysiloxane elastomer and araldite epoxy resin. After Instron loading and materials failure (1.2-395.0 kg) the test items and the crowns were prepared for comparison with scanning electron microscopy and dispersive x-ray elemental analysis and mapping. The results revealed that although grit adhering to food item surfaces caused microscratches (0.1-1.0 micron wide) similar in appearance to those caused by opal phytoliths in grasses, the dicotyledonous seed coats per se were unable to score enamel. This suggests microscratch morphology alone may not provide a reliable indication of food type. In some cases puncture-crushing of bone and hard legumes produced a localized microfracture pattern (crazing with cracks less than or equal to 0.1-1.0 micron wide) that was readily distinguishable from the simulated taphonomic damage caused by chert fragments, suggesting only analysis of enamel mistaphonomic damage caused by chart fragments, suggesting analysis of enamel microfracture patterns may provide clues as to early hominid dietary adaptations. PMID- 7114195 TI - Intra- and interobserver error in craniometry: a cautionary tale. AB - This study investigates intra- and interobserver measurement error in craniometry. Data consists of 72 craniometric measurements taken on a series of 28 Sadlermuit Eskimo crania. Utermohle measured the series twice; Zegura measured it once. Statistical procedures used to demonstrate measurement imprecision include the mean difference, the method error statistic, two-way anova without replication, the t-test for paired comparisons, Fisher's distribution-free sign test, and the t-test for independent samples. The result indicate less intraobserver repeatability than expected as well as an alarming lack of interobserver reproducibility for many of these craniometric measurements. We hope these results will serve as a caution against the widespread belief that craniometric measurements are always produced with a high degree of precision by experienced craniometrists. In addition, these results suggest that investigators employing craniometric measurements to study population affinities, functional morphology, forensics, fossil primates, and human microevolution might profit from conducting a measurement error analysis as an important baseline for the interpretation of the biological significance of their results. PMID- 7114196 TI - A nonparametric distance analysis of biochemical genetic data from the Aland Islands, Finland. AB - Biochemical genetic data from 3272 individuals from the Aland Islands, Finland, are analyzed using a recently developed set of nonparametric genetic distance measures. These measures are more robust than the traditional methods used in previous studies of this population. While there was general agreement in the results of the traditional and nonparametric approaches, some important differences were seen. In these cases, the nonparametric methods gave result more congruent with population history, geographic pripinquity, and migration patterns. Heterozygosity measures were also calculated for the Aland Islands population and compared to values obtained for Jewish populations. The total heterozygosity values were very similar. PMID- 7114197 TI - How do trabeculae affect the calculation of structural properties of bone? AB - One difficulty that arises in an analysis of the cross-sectional properties of bone is whether to include the cancellous bone in the analysis. The purpose of this paper is to determine how different amounts of cancellous bone affect the measurement of structural properties of bone cross-sections. Thirty-two tibial and femoral cross-sections were chosen at random from a series of cross-sectioned nonhuman primate bones. Geometrical properties were calculated for the cross sections, and torsional and bending stress analyses were performed. The results suggest that the effect of including cancellous bone in the analysis is closely related to the amount of bone, where it lies within the cross-section, and the type of analysis performed. Including cancellous bone in calculations of structural properties of bone cross-sections may cause the strength and stiffness of the bone to be exaggerated. PMID- 7114198 TI - Effects of field size when using Kerley's histological method for determination of age at death. AB - The field size at which a bone is read affects the results obtained when using Kerley's histological method for age estimation, even after applying the recommended correction factor. Whereas there is no tendency for any one of three field sizes tested to consistently underestimate or overestimate age, a field size closest to that used by Kerley in his original study had significantly lower variances for its age estimates, and thus provides greater reliability. This particular field size yields more precise estimates because it is sampling a pattern and number of structures more similar to that of Kerley. Correction factors cannot equalize the counts of osteons and osteon fragments because of spatial variations in the distributions of these histological structures. A field size similar to that used by Kerley in gathering the data from which he developed his regression equations must be used to assure that the same pattern and number of structures is being sampled. For this reason, we suggest a field size as close to 2.06 mm2 as possible be used when employing Kerley's method. PMID- 7114199 TI - Blood polymorphisms and racial admixture in two Brazilian populations. AB - One thousand individuals from the southern population of Porto Alegre and 760 from the northeastern city of Natal were studied in relation to 12 and 8 genetic systems, respectively. The data thus gathered were used in different ways to estimate quantitatively the ethnic composition of individuals from these communities. More than half of the genes present in individuals classified as Black in Porto Alegre may be of White origin, while the Whites from this city have 8% of African alleles. The estimated degree of admixture in persons identified as White or Mixed in Natal is not much different among themselves. The ancestry of the total sample can be characterized as 58% White, 25% Black, and 17% Indian. PMID- 7114200 TI - Classification and misclassification in sexing the Black femur by discriminant function analysis. AB - Stepwise discriminant function analysis for sex assessment was applied to 130 North American Black femora. The measurements included femoral length and three midshaft dimensions likely to be preserved in archaeologically-derived and forensic remains. The method correctly assigned sex for 76.4% of the sample (range 70.8-81.5%). This compares favorably with results achieved with other skeletal parts; it also compares favorably with results using the femur in sexing other racial groups. Among our other conclusions are: (1) a "general size factor" is one of major significance in correct classification and in misclassification of sex, and most misclassified individuals are anomalous for this factor; (2) the inconsistency in the relation between circumference and femoral length, which characterizes the remaining misclassified individuals, suggests that anomalous functional demands of body weight/musculature are at fault, and affect circumference more than length; and (3) discriminant function analysis of the same variables in Whites produced similar results, suggesting that sex overrides race in sex assessment; this was confirmed by cross-validating the predictive accuracy of Black discriminant function coefficients on White data, and vice versa. PMID- 7114201 TI - Secular change in growth of native children and adolescents at high altitude I. Puno, Peru (3800 meters). AB - A cross sectional sample of 969 native males from Puno (Peru), altitude 3800 m, ranging in age from 7-20 years, and studied for body height, weight, sitting height, leg length, and chest circumference in 1980, were compared, from the point of view of secular trend, with another cross sectional sample of 992 native males from the same place, which were investigated in 1945. In addition, similar observations were carried out in 1980, in a group of 112 females. The data indicate that in Puno there has been no secular increment in the adult body size. However for all ages between 7 and 19 years, body weight and height were significantly greater in 1980 than in 1945. This may be due to earlier sexual maturation in the present generation. PMID- 7114202 TI - Skin colorimetry in Belize. II. Inter- and intra-population variation. AB - Skin colorimetry readings taken in Belize, Central America (formerly British Honduras) with the two most commonly used portable reflectometers reveal significant differences in mean reflectance between Garifuna (Black Caribs) and Creoles, and between Garifuna in two settlements. These differences are related to variation in African, Indian, and European admixture, as estimated from serological markers. Sex differences are not evident in univariate comparisons, but females are significantly lighter than males in multivariate analyses of variance. Polynomial age trends exist in some groups for certain variables, but account for a very small amount of the variation in skin color within these groups. PMID- 7114203 TI - Secular trend for stature in adult male Yucatec Maya to 1968. AB - Statures for 64 adult male Yucatec Maya (18 + years old, sons of campesinos) were measured in 1968 and compared with mean statures presented in results for previous studies. There were no significant changes in mean stature since 1895. If the sample is divided into 5-year age groups, no secular trend is evident. Using osteological information from as early as the Late Preclassic, stature of adult Maya males has decreased 119 mm in a little more than 20 centuries (-0.06 cm/decade). Comparing the results with measurements from other Mesoamerican groups, only one--the Otomi--show evidence of significant secular change. It is possible that modern economic development schemes in Mesoamerica are too recent or ineffective to have had an effect on stature. PMID- 7114205 TI - Abnormalities and lesions of the cecum and ileocecal valves simulating carcinoma, with two case reports. PMID- 7114204 TI - Metastatic adenocarcinoma of the breast masquerading as Crohn's disease of the colon. PMID- 7114206 TI - A case of acute fulminating ulcerative colitis: a complete cure and its urgent implications. PMID- 7114207 TI - Carcinoma of rectum (results of twenty years follow up). PMID- 7114208 TI - Colonoscopy in colon diseases. PMID- 7114209 TI - Electromechanical responsiveness of hyperthyroid cardiac muscle to beta adrenergic stimulation. AB - The effect of isoproterenol (5 x 10(-10)-10(-6) M) on simultaneous measurements of the transmembrane action potential (TAP) and isometric twitch were made in thin right ventricular papillary muscles isolated from hyperthyroid (H) and euthyroid (E) rats. In response to low concentrations of isoproterenol (less than 5 x 10(-9) M) both TAP depolarization above -40 mV and twitch tension were significantly enhanced in H (30 and 50% above base line, respectively) but were not changed in E. The maximum catecholamine-induced change in twitch tension and TAP was not different in H versus E. However, over the entire dose-response curve to isoproterenol, the relaxant effects of the catecholamine, i.e., shortening of the times from stimulus to peak tension (TPT) and from stimulus to half relaxation of tension (RT 1/2) that accompanied twitch potentiation and TAP changes in E did not occur in H. In contrast to the absence of a relaxant effect on these twitch duration parameters in H, the rate of tension decay of the terminal part of the twitch was enhanced in H to an extent equal to that in E. The results suggest that 1) in response to low levels of beta-adrenergic stimulation, enhanced TAP depolarization above -40 mV, which occurs in H but not in E, mediates the twitch potentiation that occurs in H but not in E; 2) the cellular mechanisms that mediate twitch potentiation and action potential changes in response to beta-adrenergic stimulation are independent of those that control the relaxant effect to shorten TPT; and 3) factors through which catecholamines enhance the rate of tension decay in the terminal phase of the contraction cycle are independent of those that reduce TPT and RT 1/2; thus beta-adrenergic stimulation appears to have a "dual" relaxant effect on the myocardium. PMID- 7114210 TI - Steroid hormone receptors and carcinoma of the breast. AB - The estrogen receptor (ER) assay has become a standard practice in the management of advanced breast cancer. Tumors lacking ER respond infrequently to endocrine therapy, whereas response rates of 50-60% are observed in ER+ tumors. Recent studies indicate that the ER status of the primary tumor is a good predictor of the endocrine dependence of metastatic tumors at the time of subsequent relapse. Furthermore, the absence of ER in the primary tumor is an important independent prognostic indicator of higher rate of recurrence and shorter survival. Quantitative analysis of ER and assay of progesterone receptor (PgR) are useful for increasing the accuracy of selecting patients for hormonal therapy; tumors with a high quantitative ER content or those with a positive PgR display the highest objective response rates. Preliminary analysis suggests that the presence of PgR may be the best available tumor marker of hormone dependence. PMID- 7114211 TI - Skeletal muscle injury after magnesium depletion in the dog. AB - Magnesium deficiency was induced in a setting of an otherwise adequate diet in adult beagle dogs. Despite the development of severe hypomagnesemia (from 1.5 +/- 0.2 to 0.5 +/- 0.2 meq/liter) during the 10-wk study, Mg content of skeletal muscle fell only modestly (from 3.8 +/- 0.2 to 3.1 +/- 0.4, P less than 0.005, at 7 wk and 3.5 +/- 0.4 mM/100 g FFDS, NS, at 10 wk). The most pronounced muscle compositional changes were a loss of phosphorus (from 29.5 +/- 1.8 to 22.0 +/- 1.6, P less than 0.001, at 7 wk and 24.8 +/- 2.8 mM/100 G FFDS, P less than 0.001, at 10 wk) and gains of calcium (from 0.64 +/- 0.11 to 0.93 +/- 0.17, P less than 0.05, at 7 wk, and 0.85 +/- 0.26 mM/100 g FFDS, P less than 0.05, at 10 wk), sodium (from 13.2 +/- 2.6 to 22.9 +/- 4.7, P less than 0.001 at 7 wk and 17.8 +/- 2.0 meq/100 g FFDS, P less than 0.005, at 10 wk), and chloride (from 5.8 +/- 0.8 to 8.2 +/- 1.6, P less than 0.001, at 7 wk and 6.8 +/- 0.6 meq/100 g FFDS, P less than 0.05, at 10 wk). Cellular potassium content did not change (from 35.9 +/- 1.9 to 33.0 +/- 4.1, NS, at 7 wk and 36.3 +/- 2.0 meq/100 g FFDS, NS, at 10 wk). Muscle cell electrical hyperpolarization developed after 10 wk of Mg depletion. Convulsive seizures developed in three animals. Frank rhabdomyolysis in three animals and focal necrosis in four animals were present on terminal biopsy, with only four animals having completely normal histology. PMID- 7114212 TI - Metabolic inhibitors: effects on metabolism and transport in the proximal tubule. AB - This study examined the effects of the metabolic inhibitors rotenone and antimycin A on oxidative metabolism and transport in the proximal renal tubule of the rabbit. Measurements of oxygen consumption rate (QO2), cellular ATP content, and mitochondrial NAD redox state were made in suspensions of renal cortical tubules. Parallel experiments were conducted in isolated perfused proximal convoluted tubules to measure the absorption rates of fluid (Jv), phosphate (JlbPO4), and glucose (JlbGlc). The results indicate that rotenone and antimycin A, at doses (10(-6) M) that maximally inhibited mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, abolished net fluid and phosphate absorption and nearly eliminated net glucose transport. Partial inhibition of oxidative metabolism with 10(-7) M rotenone caused proportional reductions in QO2, ATP content, and Jv; however, JlbPO4 was reduced more markedly than either Jv or JlbGlc. We conclude that rotenone and antimycin A inhibit the sodium-dependent transport of fluid, phosphate, and glucose by blocking mitochondrial ATP production. Furthermore, the inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and the inhibition of net sodium transport are closely correlated. PMID- 7114213 TI - Independence of the acute acid-buffering response from endogenous parathyroid hormone. AB - Two recent reports have made the provocative suggestion that parathyroid hormone (PTH) and, by implication, bone play a critical role in the early phase of acid buffering. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of PTH on the acute buffering process by examining the influence of thyroparathyroidectomy (TPTX) on acid-base parameters in nephrectomized rats following infusion of hydrochloric acid at two differing doses. To ensure hemodynamic and physiologic stability of the animals, the required surgical procedures were staged over several days. Additionally, the experimental protocol was carried out in awake and unrestrained animals. Non-TPTX (sham) animals underwent a sham operation to equalize the surgical stresses between the two groups. The decrements in plasma [HCO-3] observed following infusion of 3.5 mmol/kg HCl over 1 h did not differ between TPTX vs. sham animals at 1 h (-9.4 vs. -9.9 meq/liter), 3 h (-8.6 vs. 8.6 meq/liter), or 6 h (-8.6 vs. -8.5 meq/liter) from the start of the infusion. Similarly, virtually identical falls in plasma [HCO-3] were observed between TPTX vs. sham rats after infusion of 5 mmol/kg HCl over 30 min at 30 min (-13.6 vs. -14.2 meq/liter) and 3 h (-10.9 vs. 11.4 meq/liter) after the start of the infusion. At both doses, the resultant changes in plasma [H+] and PaCO2 were not different in the two groups. The observed mortality was comparable in both TPTX and sham groups. The data demonstrate that endogenous PTH is not necessary in the early phase of buffering of a mineral acid load. PMID- 7114214 TI - H+-dependent sulfate secretion in the marine teleost renal tubule. AB - Renal sulfate secretion was studied in the southern flounder Paralichthys lethostigma. In the intact animal sulfate clearance averaged 12 times the glomerular filtration rate and about 93% of the excreted sulfate was secreted. The secretory maximum was 150 mumol . kg body wt-1 . h-1 at 5 mM plasma sulfate. DIDS inhibited sulfate secretion in vivo. In vitro sulfate uptake by renal tubule fragments was saturable (Km = 0.92 mM) and could be inhibited by DIDS, SITS, and antimycin A. Na-free medium and ouabain also inhibited sulfate uptake, suggesting involvement of the bath-to-cell Na gradient in sulfate secretion. However, no Na effect on sulfate uptake could be demonstrated in brush border membrane (BBM) or basolateral membrane (BLM) vesicles. Instead, concentrative sulfate uptake (i.e., overshoot) by BLM but not BBM vesicles could be produced by an out greater than in proton gradient. Generation of an inside-positive membrane potential (valinomycin in the presence of an out greater than in potassium gradient) slightly stimulated sulfate uptake by BLM and had no effect on BBM, indicating that the rate-limiting step for sulfate uptake at both membranes was an electroneutral process. H+ gradient-dependent sulfate uptake by BLM was inhibited by the proton ionophore FCCP, by the anion transport inhibitor DIDS, and by HgCl2. A tentative model of sulfate secretion is proposed. PMID- 7114215 TI - In situ studies of the distal convoluted tubule in the rat. I. Evidence for NaCl secretion. PMID- 7114216 TI - K, Cl, and H2O entry in endolymph, perilymph, and cerebrospinal fluid of the rat. AB - The kinetics of radioactive potassium, chloride, and water entry into endolymph, perilymph, and cerebrospinal fluid were studied after intravenous administration of tracers in anesthetized and nephrectomized rats. Samples of cochlear endolymph, perilymph of scala vestibuli, perilymph of scala tympani, and cisternal cerebrospinal fluid were obtained. The data showed: 1) a rapid turnover of water in endolymph, perilymph, and cerebrospinal fluid, since 3H2O equilibrated with plasma in a few minutes; 2) a slow entry of 42K and 36Cl in perilymph, since 36Cl equilibrated with plasma after 2 h and 42K did not at 6 h; 3) an extremely slow entry of 42K and 36Cl in endolymph, since no equilibrium with plasma was obtained within the 5 h of the experiments. The comparison of the compartmental analysis of our data with the results of other studies using perilymphatic perfusion of tracers indicated that perilymph rather than plasma may be considered as the precursor of endolymph. PMID- 7114217 TI - Ketone body effects on glutamine metabolism in isolated kidneys and mitochondria. AB - beta-Hydroxybutyrate (but not acetoacetate) caused marked inhibition of ammonia production and glutamine extraction in isolated perfused kidneys from normal rats. Glutamine synthesis was not affected by beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). Measurement of metabolite levels in freeze-clamped kidneys showed that BHB increased glutamine concentration, decreased ammonia concentration, and reduced the mitochondrial NAD+/NADH ratio (calculated) in perfused kidneys. BHB inhibited flux through the glutamate dehydrogenase pathway, probably as a result of reduction in the NAD+/NADH ratio, in isolated renal mitochondria. In isolated perfused kidneys from acidotic rats, ammonia production and mitochondrial NAD+/NADH were both elevated and BHB did not inhibit renal ammoniagenesis. Although ammonia production in the acidotic kidneys was not directly related to the mitochondrial NAD+/NADH ratio, the elevation of this ratio may have permitted a normal rate of oxidation of glutamine end products--which is essential for maintaining the elevated ammoniagenesis--to take place in the presence of BHB. PMID- 7114218 TI - Effects of acute acid-base disturbances on K+ delivery to the juxtamedullary end descending limb. AB - Effects of acute-base disturbances on fractional delivery of potassium to the juxtamedullary end-descending limb were examined by micropuncture in the rat to test the hypothesis that potassium is reabsorbed from the collecting duct and is secreted in juxtamedullary pars recta or descending limb in the renal medulla. In metabolic acidosis, fractional potassium delivery was only slightly reduced compared with control values and was a function of potassium excretion, as the hypothesis predicts. Fractional potassium delivery was sharply reduced both in respiratory acidosis and metabolic alkalosis and was no longer a function of potassium excretion. Although seemingly inconsistent with the recycling hypothesis, the latter finding may be reconciled by the following observations. In respiratory acidosis, vasa recta blood flow nearly doubled, which would lead to vascular washout of interstitial potassium. In metabolic alkalosis, flow rate in the pars recta or descending limb was reduced by 28%, which would limit transepithelial potassium addition. The results indicate complex effects of acid base disturbances on fractional potassium delivery to the end-descending limb, which can be unified by postulated changes in transepithelial potassium concentration differences across the juxtamedullary pars recta or descending limb. An unexpected observation emerged--fractional delivery of water to the end descending limb declined as a function of plasma bicarbonate concentration when all groups were combined. PMID- 7114219 TI - Effects of acute acid-base disturbances on renal tubule reabsorption of magnesium in the rat. AB - The effects of acute metabolic and respiratory acidosis and acute metabolic alkalosis on magnesium excretion and on fractional magnesium delivery to the end accessible proximal tubule of the superficial nephron and the end-descending limb of the juxtamedullary nephron were examined by micropuncture in anesthetized thyroparathyroid-intact rats. Compared with normal control rats, acute metabolic acidosis (HCl infusion) did not produce any significant change. Acute respiratory acidosis (15% CO2 in inspired air) significantly increased the absolute but not the fractional excretion of magnesium and did not alter fractional delivery of magnesium to the end-accessible superficial proximal tubule or juxtamedullary end descending limb. Acute metabolic alkalosis (NaHCO3 infusion) significantly reduced absolute and fractional magnesium excretion and fractional magnesium delivery to the end-descending limb of the juxtamedullary nephron but did not affect fractional magnesium delivery to the end-accessible proximal tubule of the superficial nephron. Tubule fluid-to-ultrafilterable magnesium ratio was a function of tubule fluid-to-plasma inulin ratio in the end-descending limb when all groups were combined. These results suggest that although acute metabolic or respiratory acidosis has no significant effect, acute metabolic alkalosis enhances magnesium reabsorption in the juxtamedullary proximal nephron--possibly in the pars recta. PMID- 7114220 TI - Effect of obstruction on ureteral circumferential force-length relations. AB - After 2 wk of obstruction, rabbit ureteral length increases by 24%, outer diameter by 100%, and cross-sectional muscle area by 248%. In addition to undergoing muscle hypertrophy, obstructed ureters developed greater circumferential contractile forces than control ureters. The peak active force of obstructed ureteral segments was approximately twice that of control ureters. The increase in force was associated with a corresponding doubling of active circumferential stress (force/unit area), suggesting that the force increase resulted from 1) an increase in contractility rather than being a reflection of the muscle hypertrophy that occurred with obstruction, and 2) muscle fiber reorientation. Thus, the ureter, dilated secondary to 2 wk of obstruction, is not mechanically decompensated bur rather undergoes changes that result in an increase in contractility, Despite muscle hypertrophy and increased contractility, the obstructed ureter's ability to develop the intraluminal pressures required for urine transport decreases. The decrease in intraluminal pressure despite an increase in contractility results from the increased ureteral diameter following obstruction according to the Laplace relationship. PMID- 7114221 TI - Inhibition of ovine gastric acid secretion by intraduodenal long-chain fatty acids. AB - Effects on ovine gastric function of procedures that increase intestinal unsaturated fatty acid content are unknown, and the present aim was to compare the effects of duodenal unsaturated and saturated fatty acids on gastric secretion in conscious sheep. During the maximal gastric secretory response to a meal, 10 ml gallbladder bile alone or with myristic, palmitic, and stearic acids and oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids were infused into the duodenum at a rate of 5 g fatty acid . h-1 for 1 h. Compared with control 154 mM NaCl (100%), acid output was reduced to 4-7% of control with infusion of oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids and myristic acids plus bile. Reductions in acid secretion persisted for up to 5 h from the end of infusion. In contrast, the infusion of palmitic and stearic acids with bile caused mean maximal reductions in acid output, respectively, to only 64 and 55% of control, and levels returned to control within 1 h of the end of infusion. Bile infusion alone caused no reduction in acid secretion. Under the conditions used, C18 unsaturated fatty acids and myristic acid were potent inhibitors of ovine gastric acid secretion. The lesser effects of palmitic and stearic acids were probably related to their reduced solubility and absorption. PMID- 7114222 TI - Influence of sodium on major diffusion barriers to passive intestinal uptake. AB - Intestinal active transport processes have been shown to be sodium dependent, but the effect of varying the concentration of sodium in the luminal bulk phase on the passive uptake of lipids has not been established. An in vitro technique was used to measure the uptake of fatty acids and alcohols into the rabbit jejunum under conditions of stirring of the bulk phase selected to reduce the effective resistance of the unstirred water layer (UWL). Sodium withdrawal had no effect on the uptake of a homologous series of fatty alcohols, and thus the UWL was not influenced by varying bulk-phase sodium; in contrast, the uptake of a homologous series of short-, medium, and long-chain-length saturated fatty acids (FA) was progressively inhibited by reducing bulk-phase sodium from 145 to 0 meq/l. There was no difference in FA uptake between the use of magnesium chloride and mannitol for maintenance of isotonicity with sodium withdrawal. At each sodium concentration, the uptake of FA rose with increasing FA chain length. The relation between sodium concentration and incremental change in free energy (delta delta Fw leads to 1) was described by a sigmoid-shaped curve. The uptake of cholesterol was also inhibited by reducing sodium in the bulk phase. In summary, varying bulk-phase sodium has no effect on UWL, and the influence of sodium on the uptake of FA is mediated by altering delta delta Fw leads to 1 and therefore the physicochemical properties of the brush-border membrane. PMID- 7114223 TI - Validity of iodoantipyrine clearance for measuring gastrointestinal tissue blood flow. AB - Simultaneous determinations of 1) the clearance (mF) of 4-iodoantipyrine (IAP) and tritiated water, 2) the mF of IAP and total circulating tissue blood volume, 3) the mF of IAP and either 15- or 25-micrometers-diam-microsphere-measured flow, and 4) 15- and 25-micrometers-diam-microsphere-measured flow were made on tissues from dog gastrointestinal tracts. Results show the mF of IAP equals or exceeds that of tritiated water in all tissue layers, and tissue blood volume does not affect the measurement of the IAP mF. Perfusion of the gastrointestinal wall exhibits macroscopic heterogeneity due to differences in perfusion of the three tissue layers, but an effect of microscopic heterogeneity on tissue mF assessment was not apparent. Composite total-wall IAP mF was not significantly different from 25-micrometers-microsphere total-wall flow and was identical to this flow when colonic locations were omitted. Comparisons of 15-micrometers-microsphere flow to IAP mF and to 25-micrometers-microsphere flow both indicated shunting of 15-micrometers-microspheres. Such shunting occurred predominantly through submucosal and muscle layers. It is concluded that IAP clearance accurately measures blood flow in gastrointestinal tissue. PMID- 7114225 TI - Sympathetic and vascular dysfunction in early experimental juvenile diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7114224 TI - Fetal bile salt metabolism: placental transfer of dihydroxy bile salts in sheep. AB - The bidirectional placental transfer of sodium [11,12-di-3H]chenodeoxycholate and sodium [14C]deoxycholate was studied in conscious pregnant sheep near term. In fetal-to-maternal studies, radiolabeled bile salt was injected into the fetal portal vein, and the daily excretion of radiolabel in maternal hepatic bile was measured over 3-4 days. In maternal-to-fetal studies, the mother received daily injections of radiolabeled bile salt, and the accumulation of label in the fetal pool was measured after 6-9 days. Bile salts were transferred predominantly as the taurine conjugate. Transfer rates were 1) fetus to mother; chenodeoxycholate, 6.7 mumol/24 h and deoxycholate, less than 0.5 mumol/24 h and deoxycholate, 1.4 mumol/24 h. We conclude that, in sheep near term, deoxycholate derived from the mother slowly accumulates in the fetus, while the placenta acts as an excretory route for fetal chenodeoxycholate. PMID- 7114226 TI - A mechanism for reduced myocardial carnitine levels in diabetic animals. AB - The effects of substrates, fasting, and diabetes on carnitine transport into the myocardial cells were characterized in perfused adult rat hearts. Increasing the level of acetyl carnitine and decreasing the level of free carnitine by perfusion with various substrates did not alter the rate of carnitine transport. Carnitine transport was enhanced by the perfusion with palmitate. At low work, addition of 1.2 mM palmitate increased carnitine transport by 33%, whereas high work + 1.2 mM palmitate stimulated transport 60% over that of glucose-perfused hearts. The enhancement of carnitine transport correlated with a rise in tissue levels of long-chain acyl carnitine. When the level of long-chain acyl carnitine was increased prior to measurement of carnitine transport, the enhancement of uptake seen with palmitate as substrate was not observed. Carnitine transport in hearts from 48-h-fasted or diabetic animals was not different from transport in hearts of fed animals. Diabetes resulted in decreased tissue levels of carnitine. The decrease was observed after 48 h of severe diabetes and after several weeks of mild diabetes. In each case, low tissue levels of carnitine were associated with reduced serum carnitine. Serum carnitine decreased to a value near the Km for carnitine transport in diabetic animals. It is concluded that a decreased rate of transport due to lower serum carnitine may be responsible for reduced levels of carnitine seen in diabetic hearts. PMID- 7114227 TI - Role of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in regulation of coronary blood flow. AB - Regulation of coronary blood flow was studied in isolated rat hearts perfused under various metabolic conditions. Alterations in coronary flow were induced by hypoxia, amobarbital (Amytal) infusion, increase in work load of the heart, and adenosine infusion. Hypoxia induced, on the average, a 92.5% rise in coronary flow; 0.88 mM Amytal, a 85.7% increase; 12 microM adenosine, a 49.5% rise; and increased work load (elevation of the perfusion pressure from 6.9 kPa to 12.8 kPa), a 53.4% increase. In normoxia, adenosine, inosine, and hypoxanthine were present in the effluent in very low concentrations, and these greatly increased in response to hypoxia. In contrast, increased coronary flow caused by Amytal infusion or by elevated perfusion pressure was not accompanied by elevation in the effluent concentration of adenosine and its catabolites. Infusion of Amytal was followed by decrease in oxygen consumption of the heart and increase in oxygen tension in the effluent. This indicates that tissue oxygen tension per se can not be responsible for the regulation of coronary blood flow. Analysis of the data showed that under conditions in which there was a decrease in the tissue [ATP]free/[ADP]free[Pi] an increase in coronary flow was observed irrespective of the nature of the vasodilatory stimulus. It is concluded that mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation provides a link between tissue oxygen metabolism and coronary blood flow. Mechanisms are discussed whereby changes in the cellular energy state ([ATP]free/[ADP]free[Pi]) are coupled to vasodilation, including possible direct effects on the vascular smooth muscle and/or generation of "second messengers." PMID- 7114228 TI - Pericoronary nerve mediates inhibitory sympathetic response to coronary occlusion. AB - We determined the effect of pharmacological blood of the pericoronary nerve either along the experimentally occluded left circumflex (CX) or the nonoccluded left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) on the reflex inhibition of renal nerve activity (RNA) during a brief CX occlusion. In 15 pentobarbital anesthetized dogs with carotid sinuses denervated, CX was occluded under four different conditions of the pericoronary nerves. With intact pericoronary nerves, CX occlusion resulted in a significant decrease [-44 +/- 6.4 (SE) %] in RNA. The decrease in RNA remained basically the same (-34 +/- 10.0%) after block of the pericoronary nerve along LAD with local infiltration of 2% lidocaine. However, the reduction of RNA was abolished after block of the pericoronary nerve along CX (-6 +/- 4.9%) and after block of the pericoronary nerves along both LAD and CX (3 +/- 2.6%). These results indicate that the afferent input transmitted via the pericoronary nerve along the experimentally occluded coronary artery plays a dominant role in mediating the reflex inhibition of RNA during the coronary occlusion. PMID- 7114229 TI - Reactive and exercise hyperemia during high levels of adenosine infusion. AB - In these experiments we tested the quantitative importance of adenosine as a mediator in the regulation of muscle with blood containing adenosine at concentrations more than 1,000 times the normal resting adenosine level (1, 7) so that the effect of any endogenously released adenosine would be miniscule in comparison with the effect of this perfused adenosine. Therefore, any major blood flow responses that should occur while the muscle remained continuously under the influence of the perfused adenosine could hardly be ascribed to endogenous adenosine. At the onset of the perfusion with the adenosine the blood flow increased approximately sevenfold. However, over 1-3 h of continued perfusion, the blood flow returned to or near to control despite the extreme amounts of adenosine. Then, while the muscle was still exposed to the adenosine, both reactive hyperemia and exercise hyperemia were elicited for varying time periods and varying degrees for a total of 96 separate measurements in 12 preparations. In all instances the increases in blood flow during hyperemia were almost exactly identical to those recorded prior to adenosine perfusion. Because it would have been almost impossible for the small amounts of endogenous adenosine to cause the large hyperemia responses in the face of the extreme amounts of perfused adenosine, it is concluded that both the reactive and exercise hyperemia responses are probably caused either entirely or almost entirely by factors other than adenosine. PMID- 7114230 TI - Pathophysiological concentrations of lysophosphatides and the slow response. PMID- 7114231 TI - Active and passive capillary control in red muscle at rest and in exercise. AB - Capillary control was quantified in dog gracilis muscles from in situ. About 550 capillaries/mm2, one-third the total number present, were perfused with erythrocytes simultaneously at rest; two-thirds the total could be perfused during maximal vasodilation. The functional capillary reserve was about 600/mm2. Capillary distribution at rest reflects a passive, random process at individual capillaries and an active process that coordinates perfusion of small groups of capillaries. The latter creates long diffusion distances. These are unaltered by denervation, or flow per se, but are abolished by adenosine. Twitch contraction at 4/min recruited about 400 capillaries/mm2 without any change in flow. Capillaries opened selectively where diffusion distances were longest. The same changes occurred within 5 s during work at 4/s, even if flow was held constant. If flow could increase, about 200 additional capillaries/mm2 were slowly recruited, without change in capillary distribution. Conclusions are that 1) hemodynamics and active vasomotion contribute equally to capillary density at rest; 2) active papillary control in exercise is ungraded and solely responsible for eliminating metabolically significant diffusion paths; 3) flow and capillary density can be controlled independently by proximal and terminal arterioles, respectively. PMID- 7114232 TI - Fade of cardiac responses during tonic vagal stimulation. AB - We applied trains of stimuli to the vagosympathetic trunks of anesthetized dogs and studied the time courses of the resultant chronotropic and inotropic responses. These responses were maximum soon after the onset of the test stimulus train but then declined over the next 1-5 min despite continued stimulation. The fade ratio was defined as the magnitude of this decline divided by the magnitude of the maximum response. For both inotropic and chronotropic responses, maximum increased with stimulation frequency, but the fade ratio did not change. In some experiments, conditioning stimulus trains of variable duration were applied before a standard rest period, after which the test stimulus train was applied. The longer the conditioning period, the lower was the subsequent fade ratio of the inotropic responses to the test stimulation train. In other experiments, a conditioning train of 2 min was applied, and then variable rest periods were interposed before the test train was applied. The longer the rest period, the greater were the subsequent maximum and fade ratios of the inotropic responses to the test stimulus train. These results indicate that some factor persists well after the cardiac responses to a given stimulus, and this factor affects the next response to an identical vagal stimulation. The chronotropic responses faded about three times faster than the inotropic responses. Thus different mechanisms may account for the fade of the inotropic and chronotropic responses. PMID- 7114233 TI - Global cerebral vasodilation by stimulation of rat fastigial cerebellar nucleus. AB - The effects of electrical stimulation of the pressor area of the fastigial nucleus (FN) of cerebellum on regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) were examined in anesthetized, paralyzed rats. CBF was measured in tissue homogenates by the Kety principle using 14C-iodoantipyrine as an indicator during FN stimulation, during stimulation of the vermal cortex, or after placement of electrodes in FN (unstimulated controls). Blood gases and systemic arterial pressures were comparable in the three groups. FN stimulation elicited a widespread and significant (P less than 0.005) increase in CBF in 12 of 13 areas. Flow was maximally increased in cerebral cortex (up to 220% of control) but also rose in selected regions of telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, lower brain stem, and in white matter of the corpus callosum (172%). Flow was not increased in cerebellum. The increase in CBF persisted after transection of the spinal cord at C1 or cervical sympathectomy. In five rats, hypercarbia (PCO2 to 63 mmHg) increased CBF in all 13 regions but in a pattern differing from FN stimulation. Excitation of neurons originating in, projecting to, or passing through FN can elicit a potent and virtually global increase of CBF. The effect appears mediated by intrinsic pathways of the central nervous system. PMID- 7114234 TI - Synergistic effects of pressure, distal resistance, and vasoconstriction on stenosis. AB - The synergistic effects of perfusion pressure, distal resistance, and arterial vasoconstriction on stenotic hemodynamics were examined using an in vitro arterial preparation. Canine carotid and coronary arteries were attached to a perfusion apparatus. Perfusion pressure and distal resistance were controlled independently. Arterial vasoconstriction was induced by perfusing the artery with a 100 mM K solution. A stenosis was created by partially inflating a balloon catheter within the artery. Pressure proximal and distal to the arterial segment and flow were measured. For the coronary arteries the combination of high perfusion pressure, high distal resistance, and arterial vasodilation decreased stenotic resistance to 0.79 +/- 0.10 mmHg . ml-1 . min, whereas low perfusion pressure, low distal resistance, and arterial vasoconstriction increased stenotic resistance to 22.40 +/- 4.90 mmHg . ml-1 . min (P less than 0.01). These large changes in stenotic resistance were accompanied by maximum and minimum flow rates of 86.1 +/- 6.0 and 5.5 +/- 1.1 ml/min, respectively (P less than 0.01). Qualitatively similar results were obtained with the carotid arteries. Thus perfusion pressure, distal resistance, and arterial vasoconstriction acted synergistically to greatly influence the severity of the stenosis. PMID- 7114235 TI - Development of microvascular rarefaction in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - Using stereological methods in vivo, we have investigated the rarefaction of arterioles and capillaries in male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and the Wistar-Kyoto controls (WKY) at 6-8, 12-14, and 16-18 wk of age. Under chloralose urethan anesthesia, the gracilis muscle was isolated for microscopic observation. Vessel length and surface area per unit volume of tissue (density) were determined during three consecutive states: innervation, denervation, and vasodilation with nitroprusside. Arteriolar wall-to-lumen ratio was measured after vasodilation. At 6-8 wk capillary density was reduced in the SHR. At 12-14 wk there was a reduction of arteriole and capillary density under innervated and denervated conditions but not after vasodilation (a state of functional rarefaction). At 16-18 wk there was a reduction of arteriolar and capillary density under all three conditions (a state of anatomical rarefaction). At 12-14 and 16-18 wk there was an elevated level of arteriolar vasoconstriction in the SHR that was masked in any one state by the closure of the smaller arterioles. Arteriolar wall-to-lumen ratio was not elevated in the SHR at any time. Arteriolar closure was not reversed by acute denervation. PMID- 7114236 TI - Role of carotid artery resistance to collapse during high-intrathoracic-pressure CPR. AB - The driving force for carotid artery flow during high-intrathoracic-pressure cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a peripheral arteriovenous pressure gradient resulting from differential transmission of the high intrathoracic pressure to the carotid artery but not to the jugular vein. To study the role of carotid artery resistance to collapse in establishing this differential pressure transmission, we manipulated the upstream, downstream, and surrounding pressures and measured the resultant carotid artery flow in both intact dogs and in excised arteries. Stepwise reductions in downstream pressure produced a narrowing near the outlet from the high-pressure chamber (the thorax in vivo), but increments in flow continued despite the presence of a positive (outside--inside) transmural pressure gradient. Flow limitation occurred only when downstream pressure was further decreased. Resistance to collapse was indexed by the transmural pressure at the onset of flow limitation (Pcrit), which was 7.2 +/- 1.6 mmHg in eight intact dogs. After administration of norepinephrine Pcrit increased by 2.6 +/- 0.7 mmHg, P less than 0.001). Seven excised carotid arteries also demonstrated resistance to collapse which was enhanced somewhat with norepinephrine. Thus resistance of the carotid artery to collapse is a critical factor in maintaining forward flow during high intrathoracic pressure. This resistance to collapse is also seen in vitro and can be enhanced by vasoconstricting agents. PMID- 7114237 TI - Role of renal nerves in onset and maintenance of spontaneous hypertension. AB - Renal denervation has been reported to delay development of hypertension in Okamoto spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) but to have no effect on the final hypertensive state. However, functional reinnervation begins to occur about 1 mo after renal denervation. The arterial pressure of SHR undergoing repeated bilateral renal denervations at the age of 4, 7, 10, 13, and 16 wk was compared with that in sham-operated SHR. In addition, the effect of successive renal denervations at 4, 7, and 10 wk of age in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) control rats was determined. Both indirect measurement of pressure by the tail-cuff technique and mean arterial pressure (MAP) measurement indicated that renal denervation prevents full expression of hypertension in SHR. MAP in 19-wk-old renal denervation SHR averaged 159 +/- 5.1 mmHg (SE) vs. 178 +/-0 4.2 mmHg in sham operated SHR. Renal denervation had no effect on arterial pressure of WKY rats. Renal norepinephrine content in the renal-denervated WKY rats and SHR was less than 20% of that in the sham-operated groups. Successive bilateral renal denervations every 3 wk blocks 30-40% of the expected progressive elevation of arterial pressure in aging SHR. PMID- 7114239 TI - Muscular blood flow distribution patterns as a function of running speed in rats. AB - Muscle blood flow (BF) was measured using the radiolabeled microsphere technique within and among nine major muscles of rats before exercise and during treadmill walking or running at speeds of 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 m/min. Measurements were made during exercise after 1 min of steady walking or running. Male Sprague Dawley rats were chronically instrumented with 2 Silastic catheters, one in the ascending aorta via the right carotid artery for microsphere infusion and one in the left renal artery for arterial reference blood sample withdrawal. The preexercise results demonstrated that 1) BF to deep slow-twitch muscles was three to four times that to peripheral fast muscles (e.g., soleus and gastrocnemius BFs were 138 and 33 ml . min-1 . 100 g-1, respectively); 2) BFs to red portions within mixed muscles were three to four times those to white portions (e.g, red and white gastrocnemius BFs were 54 and 18 ml . min-1 . 100 g-1, respectively; and 3) there was a direct relationship (P less than 0.05) between BFs to muscles and their slow-twitch oxidative fiber populations. The results obtained during exercise demonstrated that 1) at the slowest speed studied (15 m/min) BFs to the red portions of muscles increased, whereas BFs to the white portions of the same muscles decreased; 2) BFs to all muscles (except soleus) were increased during running at 75 m/min when there was a range of flows of 30 ml . 100 g-1 . min-1 (white gastrocnemius) to 321 (vastus intermedius), 3) at all running speeds the increases in BF to muscles were directly related to the fast-twitch, high oxidative fiber populations of the muscles; and 4) BFs to visceral tissues and fat were decreased during exercise. PMID- 7114238 TI - On-line calorimetry in the arterially perfused rabbit interventricular septum. AB - A method has been developed to measure myocardial heat production simultaneously with mechanical (developed tension, rate of contraction and relaxation) and metabolic parameters in the arterially perfused interventricular septum of the rabbit. The system allows control of rest tension, frequency of contraction, temperature, and composition of the perfusate. The technique is based on the differential measurement of the heat flux from the muscle to the calorimetric bath. This technique is able to resolve changes in heat production as small as 0.06 mW. The resting heat production measured with the present calorimeter (1.62 +/- 0.1 mW/g wet tissue) agrees with that obtained with thermopiles and with that calculated from measurements of oxygen consumption. The heat per contraction (6.5 +/- 1.4 mJ/g wet tissue) also agreed with that measured with thermopiles in rabbit papillary muscles. The heat production measured at 22 degrees C under severe hypoxia can be fully explained by the addition of the expected change of enthalpy due to the reaction 0.5 glucose-lactate, calculated on the basis of the lactate measured in the perfusate, and the expected change of enthalpy of oxygen consumption [assuming that all remaining O2 in perfusate (0.09 vol%) is used for combustion of glucose]. These results clearly demonstrated the feasibility of this method for the correlation of changes in energy turnover, through the measurement of the heat production, with mechanical and metabolic processes on line in arterially perfused septum. PMID- 7114240 TI - Intra-arterial histamine increases blood-brain transport in rats. AB - The neurotransmitter histamine is located in multiple compartments in the brain and may influence cerebral vessels during some conditions. We made measurements of cerebrovascular transport of labeled sucrose, alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB), and horseradish peroxidase during sustained infusion of histamine into the internal carotid artery of anesthetized rats. Histamine increased the rates of transport of sucrose and AIB up to 237% in several brain regions and in different areas of cerebral cortex. The effect was dose dependent, was reversible within 2 h, and was mediated primarily by histamine H2-receptors. An increase in cortical water content occurred, and electron microscopic examination revealed that perivascular astroglial processes were swollen. There was a twofold increase in the number of endothelial pits and vesicles in cortical capillaries perfused by histamine. We conclude that histamine can influence the function of the blood brain barrier. PMID- 7114241 TI - [K+]o accumulation and electrophysiological alterations during early myocardial ischemia. AB - Double-barreled valinomycin K+-sensitive electrodes and floating microelectrodes were used to monitor extracellular K+ concentration ([K+]o) and intracellular potential, respectively, in the isolated arterially perfused rabbit interventricular septum, under conditions of global ischemia without collateral flow and hypoxia with maintained flow. During ischemia [K+]o reproducibly increased at rates of 0.5-1 mM/min, usually in a triphasic pattern, and was accompanied by shortening of the action potential duration (APD) and an increase in conduction time (CT). Hyperkalemia, equivalent to that occurring during ischemia, in combination with respiratory acidosis (pH 6.2-6.5) and catecholamines reproduced quantitatively the ischemia-induced changes in APD and CT. None of these factors alone produced quantitatively comparable electrophysiological changes. Faster heart rates increased [K+]o accumulation during ischemia and accentuated the changes in APD and CT during ischemia. These findings suggest that local hyperkalemia, intracellular acidosis, and catecholamines release during early ischemia may account for electrophysiological changes predisposing to the development of reentrant arrhythmias. PMID- 7114242 TI - Effect of myocardium at risk on outcome after coronary artery occlusion and release. AB - The relationship between the probability of sustaining ventricular fibrillation during occlusion or release of a canine coronary artery and the amount of myocardium made ischemic has never been carefully assessed. We occluded the left anterior descending coronary artery above or below the septal artery for 20 min and then released the ligation. The amount of left ventricle perfused by the ligated vessel was determined by injection of different color monastral dyes above and below the ligation. Despite careful ligature placement immediately proximal or distal to the septal artery, there was wide variation in the amount of left ventricle perfused by the ligated vessel, or myocardium "at risk." Myocardium at risk ranged between 24 and 51 g for ligations placed above the septal artery and 14 and 27 g for ligations placed below the septal artery. Ventricular fibrillation during occlusion and after release correlated significantly with the amount of myocardium at risk. This relationship was well described using the logistic risk regression model. The model predicts uniformly low and uniformly high probability of ventricular fibrillation with small and large amounts of myocardium at risk, respectively, and a direct correlation for midrange values of myocardium at risk. This relationship can account for a substantial portion of non-drug related variability in outcome of antiarrhythmic trials using the canine coronary occlusion or release model. PMID- 7114243 TI - Impedance loading servo pump system for excised canine ventricle. AB - To investigate ventricular-arterial system interaction, we have developed a hybrid-computer-controlled impedance loading servo pump system that enables us to impose a simulated arterial hydraulic impedance on an excised canine ventricle. An analog computer programmed to simulate a three-element Windkessel model of the arterial system computes instantaneous aortic flow from the instantaneous ventricular pressure. The time integral of this flow is used to command a volume servo pump system that controls the instantaneous ventricular volume. All parameter values in the loading system are controlled by a digital computer. The actual impedance spectrum generated by the system was reasonably close to that expected from the arterial model. The unique features of this system are the following. 1) The instantaneous volume of the ventricle, which is crucial information, can be measured. 2) If needed, the arterial impedance model can easily be reprogrammed to generate more complex impedance spectra. 3) The vascular parameters can be made nonlinear or time varying through the digital computer control. PMID- 7114244 TI - Sympathetic supraspinal control of venous membrane potential in spontaneous hypertension in vivo. AB - To clarify the mechanisms controlling mesenteric venous membrane potential (Em) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto normotensive rats (WKY), Em was measured in vivo using flexibly mounted glass microelectrodes. Venous diameters were also measured. Ems under control conditions were significantly less in SHR. alpha-Adrenergic blockade with phenoxybenzamine (PBZ) significantly dilated and hyperpolarized SHR small veins but failed to alter the membrane potential of WKY small veins. After blockade with PBZ, membrane potentials were similar in both strains. Propranolol suffusion failed to alter the SHR membrane potential but depolarized WKY small veins. During blockade with PBZ, propranolol depolarized venous membranes equally in both strains. Membrane potentials after spinal section were similar in both strains and equal to the Ems during total adrenergic blockade. The data indicate that, in SHR, the relatively depolarized Em derives from altered alpha-adrenergic input. In SHR, alpha adrenergic input appears to exert its depolarizing effect, at least in party, by interfering with the expression of endogenous, beta-adrenergic hyperpolarization. The beta-adrenergic influence, like the alpha-adrenergic input in SHR, is dependent on intact supraspinal pathways. PMID- 7114245 TI - Coupled NaCl entry into Necturus gallbladder epithelial cells. AB - NaCl entry into Necturus maculosus gallbladder epithelial cells was studied by determination of the rate of fluid movement into the cell when the Na+-K+-ATPase was inhibited by 10(-4) M ouabain in the serosal bathing solution. The cell swelling was due to continuing entrance of NaCl into the cell across the apical membrane, which increased the solute content of the cell; the resultant rise in cell osmolality induced water flow and cell swelling. The rate of swelling was 4.3% of the cell volume per minute, equivalent to a volume flow across the apical membrane of 1.44 x 10(-6) cm/s, similar in magnitude to the normal rate of fluid absorption by the gallbladder. We determined the mechanism of NaCl entry by varying the ionic composition of the mucosal bath; when most of the mucosal Na+ or Cl- was replaced, cell volume did not increase during pump inhibition. The rate of NaCl entry was a saturable function of Na+ or Cl- in the mucosal bathing solution with K1/2 values of 26.6 mM for Na+ and 19.5 mM for Cl-. The mode of NaCl entry was probably not the parallel operation of Na+-H+ and Cl(-)-HCO-3 exchangers because of the lack of effect of bicarbonate removal or of the inhibitors amiloride and 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid. NaCl entry was reversibly inhibited by bumetanide in the mucosal bathing solution. Transepithelial NaCl and water absorption is the result of the coupled, carrier-mediated movement of NaCl into the cell across the apical membrane and the active extrusion of Na+ by the Na+-K+-ATPase in the basolateral membrane. PMID- 7114246 TI - Effect of thyrotoxicosis on sarcoplasmic reticulum in rat skeletal muscle. AB - The effect of thyrotoxicosis on the capacity of fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum (FSR) and crude homogenate (CH) to sequester Ca2+ was determined in rat muscle for the slow-twitch type I soleus (SOL), the fast-twitch type IIA deep region of the vastus lateralis (DVL),and the fast-twitch type IIB superficial region of the vastus lateralis (SVL). The maximal rate of Ca2+ uptake (Vmax) and Km were determined in both the CH and FSR preparations, and the total Ca2+ uptake capacity of the CH was determined. In the slow SOL, thyrotoxicosis increased the Vmax (8.20 +/- 0.96 vs. 15.70 +/- 0.92 mumol Ca2+ . g wet muscle-1 . min-1) and the total Ca2+ uptake (17.62 +/- 1.30 vs. 27.13 +/- 2.16 mumol Ca2+ . g wet muscle-1) of the CH preparation. Thyrotoxicosis increased the FSR yield 2.3-fold in the slow-twitch SOL; however, the kinetic characteristics (Vmax and Km) of these vesicles were not altered. Thyrotoxicosis had no effect on the CH and FSR preparations in either the type IIA or type IIB sample. These results can be explained by a thyroid hormone-mediated increase in the quantity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in type I muscle and suggest no effect on the hormone on the qualitative nature of the Ca2+-enzyme interaction. PMID- 7114247 TI - Comparison of lipid-mediated blood-brain-barrier penetrability in neonates and adults. AB - The permeability of compounds that penetrate brain capillaries by virtue of their lipoidal solubilities was studied in vivo after a single capillary transit by the intracarotid injection technique. Brain permeabilities of 14C-labeled test isotopes were measured relative to that of tritiated water, a highly diffusible reference substance, with correction for any test isotope remaining in the cerebral vasculature. The brain uptake indices of acetamide, antipyrine, benzyl alcohol, butanol, caffeine, cytosine, diphenyl hydantoin, ethanol, ethylene glycol, heroin, mannitol, methanol, phenobarbital, propylene glycol, thiourea, and urea were measured in ether-anesthetized newborn rabbits. A highly significant correlation (r = 0.86) between brain uptake indices and octanol saline partition coefficients of these compounds was observed. An almost identical relationship was derived in the adult rat blood-brain barrier where brain uptakes and partition coefficients of some 48 compounds could be correlated (r = 0.86). The similarities in slope-intercept relationships indicate that newborn rabbit and adult rat brain endothelia are functionally similar with respect to lipid-mediated permeability [in contrast to previous studies that have established dramatic differences in selective permeabilities of metabolites transported by saturable, carrier-mediated ("facilitated diffusion") mechanisms]. Permeability-surface area products were also derived; these data confirmed no differences in permeability could be detected between newborn and adult blood brain-barrier capillaries. A relationship between hydrogen bond number (an alternative indicator of hydrophobic properties( and brain uptake indices derived for the adult rat brain could not be confirmed in the case of the newborn rabbit. PMID- 7114248 TI - Sodium tracer kinetics and transmembrane flux in tissue-cultured chick heart cells. AB - Considerable difficulty has been encountered in defining the physiological significance of sodium tracer kinetic measurements in cardiac muscle. In this study, 24Na+ efflux experiments were performed by directly monitoring tissue radioactivity during the superfusion of growth-oriented embryonic chick heart cells in tissue cultured. The cellular 24Na+ efflux from contractile preparations exhibited at least two exponential components whereas noncontractile, fibroblastlike preparations had a single efflux component similar in rate to the slower component of the contractile preparations. We concluded that the slow component represents efflux from nonmuscle cells, whereas the faster component reflects the muscle cell compartment. The mean Na+ efflux rate constants for contractile preparations (beating 150 min-1) were 3.1 and 0.35 min-1. Intracellular Na+ concentrations, as determined by isotope uptake and by flame photometry, were 18 and 16 mM for contractile and nonmuscle preparations, respectively. The steady-state, transmembrane fluxes are 98 and 5 pmol . cm-2 . s 1 for muscle and nonmuscle cells, respectively. The Na+ efflux kinetics in 10(-4) M ouabain were reduced by approximately 16% from the control value. These findings indicate that the greater part of the steady-state Na+ efflux in cultured heart cells is due to mechanisms other than the Na+-K+ pump. PMID- 7114249 TI - Effects of extracellular calcium removal and anoxia on isolated rat myocytes. AB - Calcium-tolerant myocytes were isolated from adult rat ventricles by successive perfusion and incubation with buffer containing collagenase and hyaluronidase. Greater than 70% of the cells excluded trypan blue, maintained normal morphology, and contracted in response to an externally applied electric field. We have characterized metabolic defects present in isolated calcium-tolerance myocytes when exposed to low concentrations of extracellular calcium under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. In control cells exposed to 1.25 mM Ca2+, the following metabolic parameters were measured (in mumol/g protein): adenosine triphosphate (ATP) 28.8 +/- 3.3, creatine phosphate (CrP) 49.1 +/- 7.5, intracellular Na+ 37.7 +/- 8.1, intracellular K+ 352.9 +/- 49.3, cellular Ca2+ 12.3 +/- 1.8, as well as rate of protein synthesis 0.34 +/- 0.03 mumol . g protein-1 . h-1. In aerobic cells incubated in medium without added Ca2+, the corresponding values (in mumol/g protein) were ATP 27.9 +/- 4.4, CrP 25.3 +/- 4.3, intracellular Na+ 130.9 +/- 23.1, intracellular K+ 217.2 +/- 32.0, cellular Ca2+ 3.9 +/- 1.0, and rate of protein synthesis 0.09 +/- 0.02 mumol . g protein-1 . h-1. These data indicated major metabolic aberrations in myocytes exposed to medium low in Ca2+ (less than 10 microM). Metabolic depression was most severe in cells incubated in the absence of both Ca2+ and O2. It is postulated that Ca2+ removal resulted in an increase in Na+ and K+ permeability, causing a net gain of intracellular Na+ and loss of intracellular K+. These ionic shifts might stimulate the activity of membrane-associated Na+-K+-ATPase, accounting for lower levels of CrP. PMID- 7114250 TI - Effects of apoproteins C on lipoprotein lipase activity bound to rat fat cells. AB - During short-term incubation, a suspension of fat cells isolated from female rats hydrolyzed tri[3H]oleyl[14C]glycerol added as substrate and incorporated an average of 42% of the amounts of [3H]oleic acid released. Lipolysis was catalyzed by cell-bound lipoprotein lipase (LPL), whose activity was influenced by apoproteins (apo) C purified from human plasma. ApoC-II enhanced 12-fold the hydrolysis rates with cells from fed rats versus 3,4-fold with cells from fasted rats. In both cases, the stimulation by apoC-II was greater than that by whole serums from led or fasted rats. Maximal LPL activity at the cell surface depended more on the preexisting nutritional state of the cell than on apoC-II or serums added extracellular. ApoC-I, apoC-III1 and apoC-III2 had no or moderate direct effects on LPL activity, whereas apoC-III1 and apoC-III2 reduced markedly the stimulating effect of apoC-II. At all levels of LPL activity, the amounts of [3H]oleic acid liberated by hydrolysis and incorporated as [3H]acylglycerol in cell lipids were highly correlated with LPL activity, suggesting that the uptake process was directly related to enzyme action. PMID- 7114251 TI - Site of estrogen action in rabbit ovarian tissue. AB - In superovulated or naturally mated pseudopregnant rabbits, an abrupt premature decline of progesterone production by the corpus luteum occurs after removal of polydimethylsiloxane capsules filled with 17 beta-estradiol. Reinsertion of the estradiol-filled capsules stimulates a striking restoration of progesterone production. We have given [3H]estradiol by arterial infusion to anesthetized rabbits to determine by cellular autoradiography whether the exogenous estradiol localizes to luteal tissues responsible for progesterone production. Autoradiography with both freeze-dried and touch-thaw mounted preparations demonstrated that tritium activity localized to the nuclei of luteal cells and that such uptake could be blocked by radioinert diethylstilbestrol. We extracted the tritium activity sequestered in vivo by the corpora lutea and cocrystallized the extract with 14C-labeled and radiostable 17 beta-estradiol to confirm its presence (greater than 90%) as [3H]estradiol. In addition, we were able to demonstrate that radiostable diethylstilbestrol blocked ovarian uptake of 16 alpha-125I-17 beta-estradiol in vivo. In concert, these observations provide compelling evidence that the exogenous estradiol responsible for restoring progesterone production may act through an estrogen-specific mechanism directly in the luteal cells. PMID- 7114252 TI - Luteinizing hormone and testosterone secretion in young and old male mice. AB - This study documents, for the first time, the temporal pattern of luteinizing hormone (LH) release and the relationship between plasma LH concentrations and testicular androgenic responses in young and aged male mice. Both LH and testosterone were measured in the same samples of blood plasma withdrawn at frequent intervals over 9 h from awake, mobile mice through intra-atrial cannulae. The results demonstrate unequivocally that LH and testosterone are discharged into the circulation in discontinuous pulses in this important animal model. Robust episodes of LH release occur at infrequent intervals and increments of circulating LH occasion time-delayed elevations of plasma testosterone. Thus, the frequency of LH release is the major factor determining peripheral concentrations of this gonadotropins. The obvious one-to-one coupling between intermittent LH discharges and testosterone secretion has significant functional and investigative implications. The reduction in circulating testosterone concentrations observed in old male mice is a consequence of fewer LH discharges, which is due most likely to the slowing of a neural GnRH pulse generator. However, age-related declines in copulatory behavior were not associated with altered patterns of hormone secretion. Hence, we suggest that deficits in sexual behavior and episodic LH release in old males result from neural senescence rather than diminished testicular support of reproduction. PMID- 7114253 TI - Immediate adaptation of the dog kidney to acute hypercapnia. AB - Studies were performed to determine whether ammoniagenesis could adapt instantaneously to acidosis in the dog kidney. Following acute respiratory acidosis, renal glutamine extraction rose acutely in dogs with stable renal blood flow but did not change when the renal blood flow fell by more than 25%. Acute hypercapnia immediately increased renal ammonia production in both groups of dogs. The rate of both glutamine extraction and ammonia production in acutely hypercapnic dogs without hemodynamic changes was comparable to the rates observed in dogs with chronic metabolic acidosis. Furthermore, the renal metabolite profile observed in acute hypercapnia was similar to the pattern described in chronic metabolic acidosis, i.e., a marked fall in renal glutamate and alpha ketoglutarate concentrations and a fivefold increase in malate and oxaloacetate concentrations. In the liver and muscle, acute hypercapnia induced no significant change in glutamine concentration but glutamate and alpha-ketoglutarate concentrations decreased. Our findings demonstrate that the dog kidney can adapt immediately to acidosis but that hemodynamic change may mask this adaptation. PMID- 7114254 TI - Autoradiographic study of aldosterone and dexamethasone binding in isolated glomeruli of rabbit kidney. AB - Specific binding of tritiated aldosterone ([3H]A) and dexamethasone ([3H]Dex) has been investigated in glomeruli isolated from rabbit kidney by microdissection, using an autoradiographic method on dry film. At low physiological concentrations of [3H]A (0.2-2 nM), no specific binding was detected. At high concentration (24 nM), a low specific binding was found in cytoplasm (2.5 specific silver grains/100 micrometers2) and nuclei (3.7), which was about 10 times lower than in distal tubule. No difference was found between superficial and juxtamedullary glomeruli. At 2.4 nM [3H]A, no aldosterone binding was present in glomerular arterioles. Nuclear binding of [3H]Dex was low at 3 nM (6.4 specific silver grains/100 micrometers2) and reached 23.6 at 100 nM without significant cytoplasmic binding. Here again, this binding was much lower than in distal structures of the nephron. In the few arterioles obtained, a clear specific nuclear binding was observed. We conclude that the glomerulus is probably not a target structure for aldosterone. The existence of a specific binding of dexamethasone, although lower than in the distal tubule, raises the problem of its physiologic significance. PMID- 7114255 TI - Analysis of adrenergic effects of the anesthetics Inactin and alpha-chloralose. AB - Renal and systemic adrenergic system responses were examined and compared under conditions of Inactin, a barbiturate, and alpha-chloralose anesthesia in hydropenic Munich-Wistar rats. Base-line plasma norepinephrine and other catecholamine levels were higher in Inactin-anesthetized rats. Norepinephrine was infused to raise blood pressure 15-20 mmHg above base line and plasma norepinephrine was again significantly higher with Inactin. In another group, angiotensin II was infused into the cerebral lateral ventricle in both Inactin- and alpha-chloralose-anesthetized rats, a method of stimulating centrally activated adrenergic output. After central stimulation, mean arterial pressure increased only in alpha-chloralose-anesthetized rats. Micropuncture studies examining systemic and glomerular hemodynamics were performed in alpha-chloralose and Inactin-anesthetized rats before and after the infusion of phentolamine, an alpha-adrenergic antagonist. Infusion of phentolamine decreased mean arterial pressure to a significantly greater extent in the Inactin-anesthetized rats, suggesting a greater base-line systemic alpha-adrenergic activity with Inactin anesthesia. However, renal afferent and efferent arteriolar resistances were not significantly different after phentolamine, and any trend for resistances to decrease could be explained by autoregulation. Inactin increases systemic adrenergic activity, but renal vascular resistances are not significantly affected by this increased activity. PMID- 7114256 TI - Influence of thiopental anesthesia on renal sodium and water excretion in the dog. AB - The influence of thiopental anesthesia on renal tubular sodium reabsorption was investigated in the well-trained dog. After administration of the anesthetic, renal sodium reabsorption was depressed, leading to the enhanced excretion of sodium and water. Associated with this response was a decrease in the plasma levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine. Neither renal hemodynamic functions nor the humoral factors, prostaglandin E, plasma renin activity, or arginine vasopressin appeared to be the major determinants of the natriuresis. These observations suggest that the administration of thiopental depresses renal sympathetic nerve activity, thereby diminishing the renal tubular transport of sodium. PMID- 7114257 TI - Oxalate transport by proximal tubule of the rabbit kidney. AB - Oxalate transport was examined in isolated perfused segments of the proximal tubule of the rabbit. When oxalate was present in a concentration of 10(-5) M in the bathing and perfusing solutions, there was a net secretory flux of oxalate of 36.4 +/- 1.4, 34.7 +/- 4.3, and 20.7 +/- 2.8 x 10(-15) mol . min-1 . mm-1 in the superficial S1, S2, and S3 segments, respectively, at a bath temperature of 37 degrees C. The net secretory flux of oxalate in the juxtamedullary S1 and S2 segments was 12.8 +/- 2.5 and 12.5 +/- 3.6 x 10(-15) mol . min-1 . mm-1, respectively. Cooling to 25 degrees C resulted in a significant decrease in the net flux of oxalate. When oxalate was present in the bathing solution only (10( 5) M), the bath-to-lumen flux of oxalate was not different from the net flux in the superficial and juxtamedullary S2 segments. These studies demonstrate that oxalate undergoes net secretion in the rabbit proximal tubule. This occurs against an electrical gradient, in the absence of concentration gradients, and can be inhibited by cooling, suggesting an active transport process. There is significant internephronal heterogeneity in the proximal tubule for oxalate secretion. PMID- 7114259 TI - Increased Na+-H+ exchange in brush border vesicles from dogs with renal failure. AB - In the remnant kidney model of chronic renal failure, absolute reabsorption of Na+ in the proximal tubule of the remaining nephrons is increased over normal. Absolute proximal tubular reabsorption of bicarbonate and proximal tubular H+ excretion per nephron have also been shown to be increased over normal in his model of renal disease. Na+ uptake in membrane vesicles isolated from the brush border membrane of remnant kidneys of dogs with chronic renal failure is increased over uptake in membrane vesicles isolated from kidneys of normal dogs. In the present studies an amiloride-sensitive, electroneutral Na+-H+ exchanger was identified in canine renal brush border membrane vesicles. Na+ uptake in membrane vesicles in the presence of an initial H+ gradient (intravesicular pH less than extravesicular pH) was increased in membrane vesicles isolated from the remnant kidneys of dogs with chronic renal failure over that in membrane vesicles from kidneys of normal dogs. This increase was abolished by amiloride. It is possible that the alterations in Na+ and bicarbonate reabsorption and H+ excretion in the remnant kidney model of chronic renal failure can be explained on the basis of increased activity of the Na+-H+ exchanger in the renal brush border membrane. PMID- 7114258 TI - Improved function with amino acids in the isolated perfused kidney. AB - When isolated rat kidneys are perfused with glucose as the only substrate, there is a progressive diminution in glomerular filtration rate and fractional reabsorption of sodium. This is most marked after 1 h. Renal glutathione content rapidly falls and is less than 30% of control levels after 1 h. Renal concentrating ability is markedly impaired and structural lesions are consistently observed in cells lining the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop. Addition of 20 physiologic amino acids including cysteine to the perfusate prevents the fall in renal glutathione, prevents the anatomical damage to ascending limb cells, permits GFR and fractional sodium reabsorption to remain high and close to their initial levels for as long as 4 h, and improves renal concentrating capacity. If amino acid supplementation is limited to three precursors of glutathione--cysteine, glycine, and glutamic acid--renal glutathione content is preserved and concentrating ability is improved, but GFR and fractional sodium reabsorption are not maintained as well as with comprehensive amino acid supplements. The results suggest that amino acid deficiency and glutathione depletion may contribute to disturbances in renal structure and function. PMID- 7114260 TI - Glomerular ultrafiltration in the pseudopregnant rat. AB - Whole kidney and single nephron indices of glomerular ultrafiltration were measured by clearance and micropuncture techniques in anesthetized virgin, 9-day pregnant, and 9-day pseudopregnant Munich-Wistar rats. Whole kidney glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) were elevated in pregnant and pseudopregnant rats compared with virgins (0.78 +/- 0.05, 0.75 +/- 0.06 vs. 0.57 +/- 0.03 ml/min, P less than 0.005 and P less than 0.001; 32.1 +/- 2.5, 30.0 +/- 2.8 vs. 22.1 +/- 2.0 nl/min, P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.05, respectively). Total renal plasma flow rate (RPF) and single glomerular plasma flow rate (QA) were also increased in pregnant and pseudopregnant rats compared to virgins (3.05 +/- 0.19, 2.90 +2- 0.24 vs. 2.28 +/ 0.21 ml/min, P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.05; 109.0 +/- 15.8, 100.4 +/- 12.8 vs. 68.0 +/- 6.9 nl/min, both P less thn 0.05). There was little difference in the other determinants of ultrafiltration among the three groups. Plasma volume was measured in separate experiments and was higher in pregnant and pseudopregnant rats compared with virgins (9.4 +/- 0.2, 9.8 +/- 0.4 vs. 8.4 +/- 0.3 ml, P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.05, respectively). The gestational increase in GFR in the rat occurs as the result of increased RPF, which is due to both plasma volume expansion and renal vasodilation. Since the changes in renal hemodynamics seen in pseudopregnancy were almost identical to those occurring in pregnant rats, the early stimulus to increased GFR must be maternal and not fetoplacental in origin. PMID- 7114261 TI - Postnatal development of intestinal bile salt transport in the guinea pig. AB - The postnatal development of intestinal bile salt transport was examined in the guinea pig. Using an in vitro technique, mucosal uptake of taurocholate was measured in jejunum and ileum at five monomeric concentrations from fetal, 1-day old, 5-day-old, 10-day-old, 21-day-old, and adult animals. Jejunal taurocholate uptake was linear with respect to concentration and was not inhibited by taurochenodeoxycholate at all ages studied. In fetal and 1-day-old animals, ileal taurocholate uptake was linear and was not inhibited by taurochenodeoxycholate. A curvilinear relation between uptake and taurocholate concentration, which was inhibited by taurochenodeoxycholate, was observed in 5-day-old and older animals. These findings indicate that, in the guinea pig, passive diffusion of taurocholate is the only mode of intestinal transport in fetuses and newborns and the sole mode of jejunal transport at all ages. By 5 days, however, active ileal transport appears, which persists into adulthood and contributes to the development of an efficient enterohepatic circulation of bile salts. PMID- 7114263 TI - Effect of pancreatic polypeptide on gallbladder pressure and hepatic bile secretion. AB - Intraluminal gallbladder pressure, measured by radiotelemetry, and bile output were monitored during infusion of porcine pancreatic polypeptide (PP) at doses of 6, 25, 100, and 400 pmol . kg-1 . h-1 in healthy conscious pigs. Plasma PP concentrations during infusion of the three lower doses, measured by radioimmunoassay, were within the range seen postprandially in these animals. Gallbladder pressure fell in a dose-related manner during PP infusion by 2.2 +/- 0.9, 8.2 +/- 0.4, 11.6 +/- 0.7, and 14.8 +/- 0.8 mmHg, respectively. In addition, a significant reduction in the bile output was observed during infusion of the two higher doses of PP. In a separate series of experiments, using cholecystectomized pigs, PP had no effect on bile output. These findings suggest that the amount of PP released postprandially may be sufficient to influence gallbladder function but not hepatic secretion of bile in the pig. PMID- 7114262 TI - Effect of xenopsin on blood flow, hormone release, and acid secretion. AB - We investigated the effects of the neurotensin analogue xenopsin on regional blood flow, central hemodynamics, and stimulated acid secretion in awake conscious dogs. Organ blood flow, estimated using the radioactive microsphere technique, was significantly increased during the xenopsin infusion to the adrenals, pancreas, and ileum. There was no change in mean arterial pressure or cardiac output (measured by thermodilution). Along with changes in blood flow, there was a significant increase in the hormone output from the pancreas. These included rises in plasma pancreatic polypeptide, insulin, and glucagon. There also was a rise in plasma cortisol levels during the infusion. Substance P levels rose slowly but significantly during the xenospin infusion. There was no change in plasma gastrin levels. Xenopsin produced a significant inhibition of tetragastrin-stimulated gastric acid output. Thus, xenopsin appears to have region-specific influence on blood flow that correlates with region-specific hormonal secretion. In addition, xenopsin, like its mammalian analogue neurotensin, is an inhibitor of stimulated gastric acid secretion. A mammalian xenopsinlike peptide may well be involved in the modulation of gastrointestinal function. PMID- 7114264 TI - Conjugation is rate limiting in hepatic transport of ursodeoxycholate in the rat. AB - It has been reported that biliary secretion is the limiting step in the hepatic transport of bile acids by the hepatocyte from plasma to canalicular bile. The aim of the present study was to examine the role of conjugation in the transport process using ursodeoxycholate (UDCA) and tauroursodeoxycholate (TUDCA), two bile acid with low liver toxicity. Rats were given constant intravenous infusions of cholate (C), taurocholate (TC), UDCA, or TUDCA at progressively increasing rates. The biliary maximum secretory rate (SRm), in nmol . min-1 . 100 g body wt-1, for TC (1,835.2 +/- 135.5, mean +/- SE) was not significantly different from that of C (1,749.4 +/- 85.6). In contrast, the SRm for TUDCA (5,909.4 +/- 304.4) was approximately sevenfold that of UDCA (802.1 +/- 134.2), the difference being statistically significant (P less than 0.001). The SRm of UDCA in the presence of a taurine infusion (1,367 +/- 84.4) was higher than that of UDCA infused alone but still much lower than that of TUDCA. Phenobarbital sodium pretreatment did not increase SRm of UDCA alone or in the presence of a taurine infusion. These results suggest that in the rat 1) conjugation is the rate-limiting step in the overall transport of UDCA (and perhaps other bile acids) by the liver, and 2) the conjugation process itself is limiting, rather than the availability of taurine. They support the view that, although not mandatory for secretion into bile, conjugation of bile acids confers a biological advantage, possibly by increasing the solubility of the bile acid. PMID- 7114265 TI - A comparison of copper-loading disease in Bedlington terriers and Wilson's disease in humans. AB - Eleven Bedlington terriers were found to have a mean hepatic copper concentration of 6,321 micrograms/g dry wt (normal, 200 micrograms/g dry wt) and renal copper concentration that was three or four times normal. Brain copper levels were normal in younger dogs, were elevated in two older dogs, and were 100 times normal in one dog that died of the disease. Increased concentrations of copper in the liver, kidney, and brain also characterize Wilson's disease. Erythrocyte survival was normal in three affected dogs, but serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase levels were usually elevated. Unlike the hypoceruloplasminemia of patients with Wilson's disease, plasma ceruloplasmin activity was not only normal but was also slightly elevated in the terriers. Despite their normal or excessive ceruloplasmin, the Bedlington terriers could convert ionic 64Cu to radioceruloplasmin but did so only very slowly. These dogs accumulated significantly more 64Cu in their livers than normal, much like patients with Wilson's disease do before symptoms develop. PMID- 7114266 TI - Comparison of methods for analyzing gastric isotope emptying. AB - The gastric emptying of 99mTc-sulfur colloid, ingested in a nutrient liquid test meal, was followed by gamma camera for normals, diabetics, and diabetics receiving intravenous metoclopramide. Gastric emptying patterns of 99mTc by these groups present as normal, slow, and rapid on simple graphic inspection. Half times of indicator emptying were computed from inspection and from least-squares linear regressions of log(base e) residue versus time for the total postpeak curve and for the remainder of the 15-min postpeak curve. In addition, the percent of 99mTc residue leaving at, and the area under, the residue curve until 6, 12, 24, and 60 min postpeak and the indicator mean transit time (MTT) were computed. Standard half-time determinations revealed no significant differences among the three groups, despite obvious visual differences among them. In contrast, the mean transit time of the rapid group was significantly less than that of the slow (P less than 0.01) and normal (P less than 0.05) groups. However, no statistical difference was noted between the slow and the normal emptiers (P greater than 0.1) using the MTT measure. The percent of particles leaving the stomach and the area under the residue curves demonstrated significant differences among the three groups, reflecting the obvious visual perceptions gained from simple curve inspection. Because the percent of indicator particles leaving the stomach region at a given time reflects a single time, it was concluded that the residue area represents the most reliable, objective, and quantifiable parameter for testing of significant differences. PMID- 7114267 TI - Quantitation of changes in lymph protein concentration during lymph node transit. AB - Many investigators assume the protein concentration and colloid osmotic pressure of interstitial fluid and lymph to be identical even after the lymph has passed through a lymph node. We quantitated the degree of modification of lymph by the dog popliteal lymph node by perfusing isolated lymph nodes in situ at physiological flow rates with homologous plasma or plasma diluted to low protein concentration. This enabled us to compare directly prenodal and postnodal lymph flows and protein concentrations. When undiluted plasma was infused into the node, fluid filtered from the blood into the lymph, diluting the lymph. When diluted plasma was infused, fluid was absorbed from the lymph, concentrating the lymph. Nearly all (98%) of the change in lymph protein concentration could be explained by transfer of protein-free fluid either into or out of the lymph. However, when the nodes were perfused with lymph having a colloid osmotic pressure that exactly balanced the hydrostatic and osmotic forces acting across the lymph node blood-lymph barrier, the lymph was not modified during nodal transit. This "equilibrium colloid osmotic pressure" averaged 60% of that of plasma. The concentrating-diluting mechanism became more significant as the perfusion rate decreased and/or as the colloid osmotic pressure of the afferent lymph was made progressively greater than or less than the equilibrium colloid osmotic pressure. We conclude that lymph nodes modify lymph protein concentration and colloid osmotic pressure except when these are already at equilibrium values for given lymph node conditions. Therefore, the assumption that postnodal lymph is representative of interstitial fluid, especially at low but still physiological lymph flows, is likely to be incorrect. PMID- 7114268 TI - Concentrations of ionic and total calcium in plasma of four models of hypertension. AB - The levels of ionic calcium in whole blood obtained from female Sprague-Dawley (SDR). Wistar-Kyoto (WKY), and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rate tended to decrease between 5 and 13 wk of age. During this interval the plasma total calcium levels of each strain remained stable, indicating an increase in the binding or complexing of endogenous calcium with maturation. The ionic calcium levels of WKY were lower than those of SDR, while SHR levels were below those of the WKY and SDR strains. Neither the one-kidney, one-clip (1KHT) nor the two kidney one-clip (2KHT) renovascular models of hypertension showed evidence of an alteration in blood ionic or total calcium concentrations compared with sham operated controls. The ionic calcium levels of blood from deoxycorticosterone treated (DOCA/saline) hypertensive rats were significantly reduced from those of sham-operated controls but were similar to values recorded for normotensive uninephrectomized controls. Each of the four models of hypertension studied and the normotensive uninephrectomized control group demonstrated some degree of reduction in the in vitro binding or complexing of exogenous calcium. The results indicate that the spontaneous, renovascular, and mineralocorticoid forms of hypertension examined were accompanied by some disturbance in extracellular calcium homeostasis. It is unlikely, however, that the alterations observed are primary causal factors in the maintenance of high blood pressure. PMID- 7114269 TI - Relative error and variability in blood flow measurements with radiolabeled microspheres. AB - The validity of blood flow measurements made using radiolabeled microspheres (reference sample technique) has been well established in a variety of experimental models. Previous studies of the variability of the method emphasize tissue sphere number as the principle source of random variation. However, blood flow measurements depend on sphere distribution to both tissue and reference samples as well as on quantitation of different isotopes in a single tissue sample. In this study we examined the major determinants of relative error and variability in flow rate measurements inherent in the reference sample technique. Error magnitude was predicted from a statistical model, simulated with numerical analogs, and measured in anesthetized dogs with 15-micrometers microspheres. Theoretically, with 2,000 spheres in the reference sample and greater than or equal to 475 spheres in a tissue sample, blood flow can be measured with 10% accuracy at the 95% confidence level and with duplicate variability of 14%. Random errors in isotope quantitation were influenced by the specific activity of the isotope and the fractional distribution of a given isotope over the various energy windows. Suspension of tissue and reference sample spheres at different heights (0.2 cm) resulted in systematic flow errors of up to 13%. When errors due to separation of isotopes and differences in sample height were minimized, the major determinant of variability in flow measurements during simultaneous injection of differently labeled microspheres was the number of spheres in both tissue and reference samples. PMID- 7114270 TI - Epicardial deformation and left ventricular wall mechanisms during ejection in the dog. AB - Significant differences between epicardial and endocardial systolic stress in the wall of the left ventricle (LV) have been predicted by various models of LV mechanics. Yet a model incorporating transmural differences in fiber orientation and torsion, defined as a rotation of the apex with respect to the base around the long axis of the LV, predicts transmural equalization of stress and shortening along the fiber direction during the ejection phase. this equalization is due to an interplay between torsion and myocardial contraction. To assess the model hypothesis, predicted epicardial deformation during the ejection phase was compared with that measured experimentally. For this purpose 45 sets of measurements were performed in four open-chest dogs using a triangular array of inductive gauges for the assessment of epicardial circumferential strain (epsilon c), base-to-apex strain (epsilon z), and shear angle (gamma). Changes in shear angle are directly related to LV torsion. LV end-diastolic pressure was varied over a wide range (0-15 mmHg) by volume loading and bleeding. In the control state, the slope of the shear angle vs. volume strain curve (volume strain = 2 epsilon c + epsilon z), which is related to contraction, was found to be 0.74 +/- 0.10 (mean +/- SD). This compares reasonably wih the mathematical model prediction of a slope of 0.67. Due to an interplay between torsion and contraction, left ventricular fiber stress and fiber shortening might be uniformly distributed across the wall. PMID- 7114271 TI - Relationship between placental blood flow and placental and fetal size in guinea pig. AB - Blood flow measurements were made using radioactive microspheres in 14 unstressed, conscious, pregnant guinea pigs with gestational age ranging between 34 and 67 days. Within each litter placental blood flow (PBF) was positively correlated to fetal weight (FW), even after correcting for placental weight differences. Although the largest littermate was, on the average, only 30% larger than the smallest, its material placental blood flow was 95% greater. The PBF vs. FW relationship could be described by the allometric equation: PBF = Ai FW2.89 where Ai is a litter-specific coefficient. This study demonstrates that the placenta of the largest littermate is "hyperperfused" compared with its smaller siblings. PMID- 7114272 TI - Regional coronary vasoconstriction in response to stimulation of stellate ganglia. AB - Recent experiments have demonstrated that direct and reflex sympathetic stimulation elicit coronary vasoconstriction when the inotropic and chronotropic effects are blocked with beta-adrenergic blocking agents. This vasoconstriction can be blocked with alpha-adrenergic blocking agents. Regional variations in the flow reduction produced by right (RSS) vs. left (LSS) stellate stimulation were delineated in this study. Open-chest pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs were given propranolol (1 mg/kg iv). Hearts were neurally decentralized and paced just above the spontaneous heart rate. Radiolabeled microspheres (15 +/- 2 micrometers) were injected into the left atrium before and during RSS (n = 11) or LSS (n = 11). RSS produced relatively little vasoconstriction confined to anterior left ventricle. In contrast, LSS produced significant vasoconstriction in all areas of the right and left ventricles. In the endocardial half of the left ventricle the flow decrease was uniformly distributed among the regions studied. In the epicardial half of the flow decrease was more pronounced in posterior than in anterior regions. No significant change occurred in the endo-epi ratios with RSS, but with LSS there was a significant change in three areas. The changes were related to regional variations in the degree of epicardial constriction. Thus RSS and LSS have differential effects (quantitatively) on regional coronary blood flow. PMID- 7114273 TI - Local cerebral circulatory and metabolic effects of indomethacin. AB - The effects of indomethacin, a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, upon local cerebral glucose utilization and local cerebral blood flow have been examined in 36 conscious, lightly restrained rats. Cerebral glucose utilization and cerebral blood flow were determined by means of the quantitative autoradiographic techniques that utilize, respectively, 2-deoxy-D-[1-14C]glucose and iodo[14C]antipyrine as tracer molecules. The administration of indomethacin (0.3 30 mg/kg iv) did not alter significantly the rate of glucose utilization in any of the 38 discrete regions of the central nervous system that were examined. In contrast, cerebral blood flow in every region was significantly reduced by between 30 and 50% from vehicle-injected control levels after the administration of 10 mg/kg iv indomethacin and by 5-31% after 1 mg/kg iv indomethacin. These results provide further evidence that prostaglandins may play a major role in cerebrovascular regulation, but they provide no positive evidence for a role in neuronal activity, as reflected in local cerebral glucose utilization. PMID- 7114274 TI - Accumulation of [3H]norepinephrine in canine saphenous vein: influence of plasma. AB - This study was designed to systematically characterize the neuronal and extraneuronal uptake systems for norepinephrine (NE) in isolated nerve-rich vascular tissue and then to explore the possibility that circulating factors may alter these uptake systems. Strips from canine saphenous vein were incubated in Krebs-Ringer solution containing L-[3H]NE, and both tissue and medium were analyzed for total tritium, [3H]NE, and [3H]metabolite content. Under these conditions neuronal uptake (uptake1) played the dominant role in NE disposition. The addition of cocaine, ouabain, or potassium or the reduction of sodium decreased the activity of uptake1, and extraneuronal uptake (uptake 2) then played a major role in NE metabolism. The addition of 30, 60, and 90% plasma reduced NE accumulation and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DOPEG) formation to 71 and 62% of control values, respectively; the formation of normetanephrine (NMN) and O methylated deaminated compounds (OMDA) was not significantly different. In the presence of cocaine and uptake 1 inhibitor, 30% plasma did not cause a further significant decrease in neuronal accumulation of NE. The inhibitory activity of plasma on NE accumulation was not significantly affected by boiling or standing at room temperature for 45 min. These studies show that in the isolated canine saphenous vein the addition of plasma, like low sodium, cocaine, or ouabain, decreases neuronal uptake. The identity of the component in plasma responsible for inhibition of NE uptake appears to be a nonprotein, heat-stable molecule. PMID- 7114275 TI - Responses of cerebral arterioles to increased venous pressure. AB - The responses of pial arterioles to increased venous pressure were studied in anesthetized cats equipped with cranial windows for the observation of the pial microcirculation. Stable increases in venous pressure consistently induced arteriolar vasodilation, which averaged 6-12% of the control diameter. The vasodilation occurred when arterial blood pressure was normal and during arterial hypotension induced by bleeding; it also occurred irrespective of whether intracranial pressure was kept constant or was allowed to increase venous hypertension. The results are consistent with the view that autoregulatory adjustments in caliber of pial arterioles are mediated predominantly by metabolic rather than myogenic mechanisms. PMID- 7114276 TI - Vasodepressor action of angiotensin in conscious chickens. AB - In chronically cannulated conscious chickens, Gallus gallus, native chicken angiotensin II ([Asp1,Val5]ANG II) caused biphasic blood pressure responses, a depressor followed by a pressor response. The pressor response appears to be mediated primarily by catecholamines. The depressor responses increased with increasing doses and were accompanied by tachycardia. The onset of the depressor action of [Asp1,Val5]ANG II (2.49 +/- 0.22 s) was nearly as quick as that of acetylcholine or histamine. Replacement of aspartic acid in position 1 with sarcosine or asparagine reduced both depressor and pressor potencies, whereas there was no difference either in depressor or pressor potencies between [Asp1,Val5] and [Asp1,Ile5]ANG II. The depressor response to [Asp1,Val5]ANG II was not inhibited by atropine, a vasopressin antagonist, prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors, methysergide, or propranolol but was blocked markedly by [Sar1, Ile8]ANG II and partially by [Sar1,Thr8]ANG II. The results suggest that the vasodepressor action of ANG II is mediated by angiotensin receptors and may possibly be a direct action on the vascular smooth muscle. PMID- 7114277 TI - Sympathetic nerve discharge in chronic spinal cat. AB - A study was made of external carotid, renal, and splanchnic sympathetic nerve discharge (SND) in chloralose-anesthetized cats subjected to transection of the sixth cervical spinal segment 2-37 days earlier. Minimal activity was observed under normocapnic conditions 2 days after spinal transection, and ganglionic blockade failed to lower blood pressure. Moderate hypercapnia increased SND and led to synchronization of activity into 1-6 cycle/s slow waves. Such slow-wave activity was present under normocapnic conditions in cats 9-37 days after spinal transection. Ganglionic blockade significantly reduced blood pressure in these preparations. The interval between successive 1-6 cycle/s slow waves was variable. Thus, unlike the case in baroreceptor-denervated cats with an intact neuraxis [Barman and Gebber, Am. J. Physiol. 239 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 8): R42-R47, 1980], chronic spinal cats are incapable of rhythm generation in the 1-6 cycle/s frequency range. Crosscorrelation analysis revealed that the discharges of pairs of segmental (but not intersegmental) sympathetic nerves were related in the chronic spinal cat. This situation differs from that in the baroreceptor-denervated cat in which the discharges of pairs of intersegmental as well as segmental sympathetic nerves are related. Thus coordination of activity in sympathetic nerves that arise from different spinal segments requires the integrity of bulbospinal connections. Finally, no evidence was obtained for the existence of a baroreceptor-like reflex mechanism acting to control SND in the chronic spinal cat. PMID- 7114280 TI - A comparison of capillary hydraulic conductivities in postural and locomotor muscle. AB - In a comparative skeletal muscle study Folkow and Halicka (Microvasc. Res. 1: 1 14, 1968) reported that the capillary filtration coefficient (CFC) of postural (red) muscle was two times the CFC of locomotor (white) muscle. It was concluded that the twofold difference in CFC was due solely to a difference in the perfused capillary surface areas (Sf) of red vs. white muscle. However, CFC is the product of capillary hydraulic conductivity (LP) and Sf. Hence their conclusion assumed that the average LP of red muscle capillaries is exactly equal to the average LP of white muscle capillaries. The following study was undertaken to test the validity of this assumption. The microocclusion procedures and analytical model described by Lee et al. (Circ. Res. 28: 358-370, 1971) and Gore [Am. J. Physiol. 242 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 11): H268-H287, 1982] were used to determine LP. Independent measurements of LP were recorded from single capillaries in red, anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) and white, posterior latissimus dorsi (PLD) muscles of chickens anesthetized with L.A. Thesia. We found that the mean capillary hydraulic conductivity in postural muscle [(LP)ALD = 0.20 +/- 0.06 (SE) micrometers . s-1 . cmH2O-1 (n = 11)] was significantly different from the mean capillary hydraulic conductivity in locomotor muscle [(LP)PLD = 0.061 +/- 0.01 micrometers . s-1 . cmH2O-1 (n = 14)] (P less than 0.05). These results provide direct evidence that observed differences in red vs. white muscle CFC's may not be due solely to different perfused capillary surface areas but may also be due to differences in capillary hydraulic conductivity. PMID- 7114279 TI - A technique to inject microspheres into the left atrium of awake dogs without thoracotomy. PMID- 7114278 TI - Effect of aminophylline on coronary functional hyperemia and myocardial adenosine. AB - The role of adenosine in coronary functional hyperemia was tested using the adenosine antagonist aminophylline. In 11 dogs left coronary blood flow (LCBF) and left ventricular oxygen extraction [(a-v)O2] were monitored. Myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) was calculated. Before aminophylline was administered, intracoronary infusion of 6.8 micrograms/min norepinephrine increased LCBF and MVO2 by 40-80%. Simultaneous infusion of adenosine further increased LCBF. Fifteen minutes after injection of 100 mg aminophylline, norepinephrine still increased LCBF, and the ratio delta LCBF/delta MVO2 was unchanged (P greater than 0.05). Although the functional hyperemia was not blunted, the response to infused adenosine was abolished by aminophylline. In 20 additional dogs myocardial adenosine was determined. Before norepinephrine infusion myocardial adenosine with and without aminophylline was 12.7 and 14.3 nmol/g dry wt, respectively (P greater than 0.05). During norepinephrine infusion an increase in adenosine correlated well with increases in MVO2 and LCBF, but the increase in adenosine was not greater after aminophylline. Thus the failure of aminophylline to blunt functional hyperemia was not due to a higher adenosine level after aminophylline. These results do not support a role for adenosine in functional hyperemia elicited by norepinephrine. PMID- 7114281 TI - Systemic arterial hemodynamics in the diamond python Morelia spilotes. AB - Studies of pulsatile systemic arterial hemodynamics were conducted in 10 diamond python snakes to test the hypothesis that body shape--through spatial dispersion of peripheral reflecting sites--is an important determinant of impedance patterns and of pulse wave contour. Findings support the hypothesis. Flow patterns in the aortic roots were similar to those in humans, sheep, dogs, rabbits, and guinea pigs, but in contrast to larger animals, little change in flow contour was seen in other arteries. Pressure wave contour was similar in all systemic arteries from which records were taken with no secondary diastolic wave under any circumstances. Impedance patterns at different sites showed none of the fluctuations that in other animals are attributable to discrete wave reflection. Discrete proximal wave reflection at the confluence of aortic arches was minimal. Data are explicable on the basis of widely distributed peripheral reflecting sites--a consequence of the snake's long and tapered body. PMID- 7114282 TI - Alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine shifts circadian temperature rhythms. AB - alpha-Methyl-p-tyrosine shifts the acrophase (time of highest temperature) of the circadian temperature rhythm of the rat to earlier or later times of day depending on the phase of the circadian cycle at which the drug is administered. When alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine methyl ester HCl is injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 100 mg/kg late in the projected 8-h light phase, the acrophase of the intraperitoneal temperature rhythm is delayed by up to 3 h. However, when the same dose of drug is given 9-10 h into the projected 16-h dark phase of the daily cycle, the acrophase of the temperature rhythm occurs about 2 h earlier than expected. The times of alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine administration leading to maximal phase delays or advances are correlated with the times of minimal and maximal turnover of norepinephrine in the hypothalamus. These results suggest that changing rates of norepinephrine turnover in the hypothalamus may regulate the circadian temperature rhythm in rats. The results also emphasize the fact that the effects of drugs may vary as a function of the time of administration. This fact must be taken into account in pharmacologic testing. PMID- 7114284 TI - Biological fluid membrane generates triggering cycle and homeostasis. AB - A working engine has to operate in cycles, and at completion of a work cycle it should revert to its initial state. The ubiquitous unit cycle in medicine and physiology is characterized by a rapid upstroke followed by a plateau, which is in turn followed by a quick restoration to a resting state. So far, such cycles could not be derived from the basic laws of chemistry, in particular from the law of mass action; but within the context of a new biochemical control theory, which replaces the notion of conformational change by redistribution in the membrane, such a cycle can be derived from the law of mass action if the system is two dimensional, namely if the biochemical reactions are restricted to an optimally fluid membrane which is an open nonequilibrium system. The failure of this universal mechanism for triggering cycle is suggested to be a universal cause of disease. This failure involves abnormal membrane fluidity and leakage of enzyme and receptor from the membrane. PMID- 7114283 TI - Incorporation of polyunsaturated fatty acids into lipids of rainbow trout hepatocytes. AB - Hepatocytes from 5- or 20 degrees C-acclimated rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were incubated with [1-14C]oleic, -linoleic, or -linolenic acid. Both acclimation groups demonstrated greater incorporation of derivatives from linolenic and linoleic acids into phospholipids when assayed at 5 and 20 degrees C; few derivatives of oleic acid were formed. Cells from cold-acclimated trout, when assayed at 5 degrees C with linolenic acid, incorporated a large proportion of radioactivity into free fatty acids. Analysis of each lipid fraction revealed a relatively specific incorporation of certain fatty acids. For example, "dead end" elongation products of the three substrates were preferentially incorporated into neutral lipids, while delta 6 desaturation products of the three acids were retained in the free fatty acid fraction. Twenty-carbon acid derivatives of linoleic and linolenic acids were directed into the phospholipid fraction. Incorporation of the delta 5 desaturation products was temperature sensitive in cells from cold-acclimated but not warm-acclimated trout. The results suggest that selectivity of incorporation of specific fatty acids into phospholipids may be of importance in restructuring membranes of poikilotherms during thermal adaptation. PMID- 7114286 TI - Functional anatomy of the lung of the snake Pituophis melanoleucus. AB - The respiratory system in Pituophis melanoleucus is composed of a trachea, a single bronchial lung containing the pulmonary vasculature, and a large membranous caudal air sac. Total air volume (VL) in a 1-kg snake is 97.5 ml and varies with size (M) according to the equation VL = 0.388 M0.80 where VL is in milliliters and M is in grams. These air volumes are similar to those measured in many lizards and turtles. Relative volumes of the trachea, vascular lung, and air sac in Pituophis are about 4, 20, and 76%, respectively. The respiratory tissue is composed of a honeycomb network of capillary-bearing partitions, which collectively forms the gas exchange surface. This respiratory tissue is confined to the proximal 20% of the lung. Total respiratory surface area (SA) in a 1-kg snake is 2.00 x 10(3) cm2 and varies with size according to the equation SA = 3.03 M0.94 where SA is in square centimeters. Total SA/VL within the bronchial lung is large, being approximately 101 cm2/ml. Gradients in respiratory surface area and lung air volume are reversed so that SA/VL is highest near the cranial tip of the lung and decreases towards the air sac. Harmonic mean thickness of the air-blood barrier was found to be 0.46 +/- 10(-4) cm with the result that the anatomic diffusion factor, or ratio of respiratory surface area to mean diffusion distance, for a 1-kg snake is 0.44 x 10(8) cm. This index of diffusion capacity is very close to that reported for two lungs of a turtle. PMID- 7114285 TI - Characterization of an endogenous cryogen that appears in the urine. PMID- 7114287 TI - Lipoprotein lipase and lipid metabolism in muscle and adipose tissues of Zucker rats. AB - To determine the relative rates of lipid metabolism in muscle and adipose tissues in obesity, we measured uptake and oxidation of free palmitate or tripalmitin into tissue slices in vitro. We also measured lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity of soleus muscle and perirenal adipose tissues. Muscle took up more liquid from tripalmitin than from free palmitate (FFA) at 6 and 12 wk of age, whereas adipose took up more from FFA. The relative uptake of tripalmitin in adipose decreased from twofold that of muscle at 6 wk to 60% of muscle at 12 wk. Uptake from FFA in adipose was faster than in soleus at both ages. LPL/g of soleus muscle at 12 wk was higher than that of adipose. LPL/g protein was higher in adipose tissue than in muscle at 12 wk. Muscle oxidized 15-32% of FFA, obese muscles more than lean at 12 wk. AT 15-h fast decreased lean adipose tripalmitin uptake 50%, did not affect obese adipose lipid uptake, and decreased obese soleus palmitate uptake. In soleus muscle, triglyceride uptake is as active as in adipose. Obese muscles at 12 wk oxidized more FFA than lean and respond to a short fast by increasing the percent lipid oxidized. PMID- 7114290 TI - Excretion-retention diagram to evaluate gas exchange properties of vertebrate respiratory systems. AB - Excretion [E = (PE - PI)/(PV - PI)] and retention [R = (Pa - PI)/(PV -PI)]are completely model-free defined variables which describe the dual input-output black-box representation of vertebrate respiratory systems under steady-state conditions. In the excretion-retention diagram (E-R diagram), E is plotted as a function of R. The application of the principle of mass conservation confines the possible combinations of E and R for a gas with a blood-gas partition coefficient, lambda, in a respiratory system with an overall ventilation, VT, and an overall perfusion, QT, to E = (lambda QT/VT) (1 - R). In general, E can be described as a continuous function of R. The mathematical formulation of this function depends on the configuration of the respiratory system. Easily recognizable curvatures are obtained for counter-cross, and cocurrent systems with and without parallel inhomogeneities. Visual inspection of actual E and R data displayed in an E-R diagram therefore allows the correct choice of the configuration of the respiratory system to be eventually used for further parameter estimation schemes. The E-R diagram is also a powerful tutorial tool for visualizing the complex relationships between the gas exchange of agents with different physical properties and the consequences of changes in ventilation and perfusion distribution within the respiratory system on gas transport. PMID- 7114288 TI - Extra- and intracellular water spaces in muscles of man at rest and with dynamic exercise. AB - A method was established to analyze the extracellular water space (H2Oe) in small muscle tissue samples as [3H]inulin distribution space. After initial experiments on rats, the method was applied on 13 men and 6 women. Muscles with different fiber compositions (soleus, S; vastus lateralis, (VL; gastrocnemius, G; triceps brachii, TB) were studied at rest. The total water content was the same for all muscles, 320 (313-330) ml/100 g dry wt. However, differences were demonstrated for H2Oe, with 26-34 ml/100 g dry wt in VL and 38-54 ml/100 g dry wt in S, (P less than 0.05); the values for G and TB were in between those for VL and S. The differences in H2Oe were not related to the fiber composition of the muscles. During 3 x 3 min of intense bicycle exercise demanding about 120% VO2 max (6 men), total water content increased in VL from 313 to 359 ml/100 g dry wt and H2Oe increased from 34 to 60 ml/100 g dry wt (P less than 0.05), In TB, which is relatively inactive during bicycle exercise, no such changes occurred. The calculated intracellular lactate concentration increased in VL from 5.7 to 30.6 mmol/l H2Oi. The extracellular lactate concentration amounted to 13.6 mmol/l H2Oe at the end of exercise. The concentration gradient for lactate of 2 from intra- to extracellular space favored a flux of water to the intracellular space. The relative large increase in H2Oe may then be caused by a hydrostatic rather than an osmotic factor.U PMID- 7114289 TI - Blood flow in the rectal gland of Squalus acanthias. AB - The percent of cardiac output distributed to the rectal gland of 33 free-swimming fish was quantitated by the isotopically labeled microsphere technique. In 21 fish less than 1% was found in the rectal gland; 12 fish had 2-7%, suggesting a pattern of intermittent blood flow. Methylmethacrylate corrosion casts were made for scanning electron microscopy study of the microvasculature. Blood entering the rectal gland artery is distributed via three pathways. The most extensive is along the rectal gland artery into 11 or 12 circumferential vessels, which branch along the capsule and give rise to the radially arranged sinusoids that perfuse the secretory tubules and then join to form the central rectal gland vein. A second is an arterial bypass that runs the length of the rectal gland and joins the circulation of the postvalvular intestine. The third is via arteriovenous anastomoses in the capsule between tightly packed small arteries and veins. The low to moderate blood flow in most rectal glands and the very high flow in others is consistent with the observation that in vivo the rectal gland secretes only intermittently. Blood pathways allowing bypass of the rectal gland parenchyma suggest a role of blood flow in the regulation of the secretory process. PMID- 7114291 TI - Hemodynamic, hormonal, and drinking responses to reduced venous return in the dog. AB - The effect of an acute reduction in venous return, caused by reversible constriction of the thoracic vena cava, on drinking and secretion or arginine vasopressin (AVP) was examined in the dog. Plasma AVP levels rose immediately from a control level of 1.4 +/- 0.1 pg/ml (mean +/- SE) to a plateau ranging between 36 and 42 pg/ml during the first 30 min after constriction but declined to 12.6 +/- 4.2 pg/ml 2 h after constriction even though systemic arterial hypotension was maintained. Drinking occurred with a latency of 22 +/- 6 min and 13.2 +/- 1.8 ml H2O/kg was consumed during 2 h of vena caval constriction. Water intake was significantly correlated with the average reduction in blood pressure (r = 0.86; n = 8; P less than 0.01) but not with plasma renin activity. The role of angiotensin II (ANG II) in the drinking and secretion of AVP in response to decreased venous return was evaluated using the ANG II receptor blocker, saralasin, infused intravenously (iv) or intracerebroventricularly (icv). Intravenous, but not icv, infusion of saralasin during vena caval constriction reduced the ability of the dogs to maintain arterial blood pressure (P less than 0.05). However, neither iv nor icv saralasin significantly affected water intake or the rise in plasma AVP in response to vena caval constriction when compared to their respective controls. Taken together, these data show that angiotensin is important in the maintenance of systemic arterial blood pressure but is not essential for the rise in plasma AVP or drinking in response to an acute reduction in venous return. It is suggested that either arterial baroreceptors or "low-pressure" volume receptors or both mediate the drinking and AVP responses in the presence of central blockade of the effects of circulating angiotensin. PMID- 7114293 TI - Glucocorticosteroid injection is a circadian zeitgeber in the laboratory rat. AB - Intraperitoneal temperatures were monitored by radiotelemetry to observe the thermoregulatory rhythm of male laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus) Rats received single injections of dexamethasone (as dexamethasone sodium phosphate) during constant darkness (0.1 lx) with food freely available or no food available. No phase shifts occurred following saline injection or dexamethasone at 1 mg/kg body wt. Depending on the phase of injection relative to the circadian cycle, dexamethasone at 10 mg/kg caused thermoregulatory peaks to be either delayed or advanced on the 4th and 5th day after injection. There was an insensitive interval which corresponded to subjective day. Phase shifts induced by dexamethasone during ad libitum feeding were of less magnitude than those induced during starvation. The determination of phase-shifting parameters (i.e., a phase-response curve) for hormonal substances represents a rigorous and broadly applicable technique for determining endogenous mechanisms for circadian phase control and entrainment. PMID- 7114292 TI - Negative and positive feedback of central nervous system temperature in thermoregulation of pigeons. AB - Experimental alterations of spinal cord and hypothalamic temperature affecting behavioral and autonomic cold defense were investigated in pigeons under external cold load with access to instrumental heat reinforcement. Warming and cooling spinal cord resulted in negative-feedback effects on both instrumental and autonomic cold defense. Hypothalamic warming produced similar negative-feedback effects, whereas hypothalamic cooling produced either no effect or positive feedback effects on both kinds of cold defense. As determined in previous studies, hypothalamic temperature displacements under heat-load conditions produced only negative-feedback effects on instrumental heat defense. However, only positive-feedback effects were observed on autonomic heat defense by panting. The diverse response patterns of autonomic and behavioral thermoregulatory effectors to changing hypothalamic temperature under heat- and cold-load conditions could be quantitatively described by a mathematical model that takes into account 1) a greater Q10 for intrahypothalamic transmission of the cold signal input than of the warm signal input, and 2) different weights of extra- and intrahypothalamic temperature signal inputs for the control of different effectors. PMID- 7114294 TI - Reflex relaxation of tracheal smooth muscle by thin-fiber muscle afferents in dogs. AB - Although the reflex cardiovascular and ventilatory responses evoked by stimulation of groups III and IV muscle afferents have been extensively investigated, less is known about the effects of stimulation of these afferents on airway caliber. Therefore, in 11 chloralose-anesthetized dogs, we recorded transverse smooth muscle tension from an innervated segment of the trachea, while we stimulated groups III and IV muscle afferents with capsaicin and bradykinin. Injection of both substances into the arterial supply of the skinned hindlimb evoked dose-dependent decreases in tracheal tension, whereas injection into the femoral vein either increased tension or had no effect on it. Injection of capsaicin and bradykinin into the arterial supply of the gracilis muscle also decreased tracheal tension. In addition, cutting the sciatic, gracilis, and femoral nerves abolished the decreases in tracheal tension caused by injection of capsaicin and bradykinin into the arterial supply of the hindlimb. We conclude that chemical stimulation of groups III and IV muscle afferents causes reflux relaxation of tracheal smooth muscle in dogs. PMID- 7114295 TI - Computer simulation of metabolism of glucose-perfused rat heart in a work-jump. AB - A computer model of glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and related amino acid metabolism, is described for a glucose-perfused experimental rat heart preparation suddenly switched from low work load (Langendorff perfusion) to high work load (left atrial perfusion). Glycolytic intermediate measurements suggest activation of phosphofructokinase within a few seconds. This activation, and also that of other glycolytic enzymes, is calculated as due to a sharp increase in cytoplasmic Mg2+ level, which overcomes the inhibitory effects of a rapid fall in cytoplasmic pH to 6.77 (calculated from a rapid fall in creatine phosphate). Increased glycolytic substrate is initially supplied by glycogenolysis mediated by phosphorylase b (activated by an early rise in cytoplasmic AMP), followed by increased glucose uptake from the perfusate. Testable predictions are made by the model, especially that lactate production rate should peak early. Additional experiments are described that verify these predictions and fill gaps in the original measurements. The role of modeling in interpreting such experiments is discussed. PMID- 7114297 TI - Postpyloric regulation of gastric emptying in rhesus monkeys. AB - Saline (0.9% NaCl) empties rapidly and exponentially from the stomach of the rhesus monkey, but glucose solutions empty at a calorie-constant rate of 0.4 kcal/min. By means of indwelling intragastric and intraduodenal cannulae we can demonstrate an inhibition on the delivery of saline from the stomach provoked by glucose placed beyond the pylorus. The inhibition varies directly with the glucose calories in the intestine and averages 2.5 min/kcal. That these two results (0.4 kcal/min and 2.5 min/kcal) are reciprocals suggests a feedback inhibition on the gastric emptying of nutrients arising from beyond the pylorus and adequate to explain the rate of glucose delivery to the intestine. A control theory description of gastric emptying that includes such feedback regulation can be derived from these data to explain the different gastric emptying patterns of nutrients and nonnutrient solutions. These patterns give this visceral system a precision in its management of nutrients that can provide information crucial to preabsorptive satiety. PMID- 7114296 TI - Ontogeny of blood-brain barrier permeability to, and cerebrospinal fluid sink action on, [14C]urea. AB - To ascertain the ontogeny of CSF sink action on a small hydrophilic solute, we investigated the rate and extent of uptake of [14C]urea by lateral ventricle choroid plexus (CP), cisternal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), cerebral cortex, and cerebellum in 0.5- to 4-wk-old etherized nephrectomized rats. Five hours after ip injection, radiourea penetrated the entire H2O of tissue and CSF in 1-wk-old brain; moreover, for animals 1-4 wk old there was a marked inverse relationship between age and magnitude of steady-state [14C]urea space in all regions. However, there was lack of progression (with advancing age) in distribution times to steady state, undoubtedly a reflection of the complexity of maturational factors (CSF secretion, barrier permeability, biphasic changes in cerebral blood flow, etc.) that affect solute penetration into central nervous system. Analysis of [14C]urea uptake curves for various regions at different stages of development (1 vs. 2 wk) revealed half times (slow component) that were significantly greater at 1 wk (1.2-1.4 h) than at 2 wk (0.5-0.8 h). Steady-state concentration gradients for tracer urea, plasma to CP to CSF, indicated negligible molecular sieving of urea by CP 1 wk after birth; however, after the 2nd postnatal wk CSF sink action on urea became manifest due to development of CSF secretion and molecular sieving at the blood-CSF and blood-brain barriers. PMID- 7114298 TI - A new approach to compartmental analysis. AB - When recirculation of compounds and/or mixing transients are appreciable, traditional compartment analysis can lead to erroneous results. In this paper, a novel approach that overcomes many of these difficulties is presented. It unifies classical compartment analysis and indicator-dilution theory. It is conceptually simple and can be easily extended to many situations. Several examples for the case of a single compartment demonstrate the superiority of the suggested model to more traditional approaches. PMID- 7114299 TI - Fetal and maternal arterial pressures and heart rates: histograms, correlations, and rhythms. AB - We attempted to shed light on the characterization and control of fetal arterial pressure and fetal heart rate in the chronically catheterized fetal lamb. To do this we continuously recorded fetal and maternal arterial pressures and heart rates as well as amniotic fluid pressures using on-line computer techniques. The data were analyzed for histogram distributions, correlations and regressions, and for intrinsic rhythms within each variable. We found the following: 1) neither fetal nor maternal variables are normally distributed because of an exaggerated mode and frequent skewing to the right, 2) there was no correlation between fetal and maternal variables over time periods of 10 min to 24 h, 3) a positive correlation exists between fetal arterial pressure and fetal heart rate, 4) there were no major rhythms in the fetal or maternal variables or in amniotic fluid pressure with cycles between 10 min and 24 h. The data suggest that 1) fetal arterial pressure and heart rate are largely independent of the mother, 2) fetal and maternal variables are well controlled about a physiological set point, and 3) rhythms in fetal arterial pressure and heart rate are not significant under normal laboratory conditions. PMID- 7114300 TI - Liver glycogen content decreases during meals in rats. AB - The effects of feeding on liver glycogen content and blood glucose in the hepatic and hepatic portal veins were investigated in rats. Liver glycogen content decreased about 25% during meals both in rats refed after 12 h food deprivation (23 +/- 1 to 17 +/- 1 mg glycogen/g liver) and in ad libitum-fed rats taking fully spontaneous meals (44 +/- 2 to 32 +/- 2 mg/g). Liver glycogen began to increase within 30 min after meals in ad libitum-fed rats. Hepatic vein blood glucose levels at meal onset (118 +/- 4 mg/dl in the food-deprived rats, 127 +/- 4 in ad libitum-fed rats) and at meal end (155 +/- 3 and 166 +/- 5 mg/dl, respectively) were similar in the two groups. Portal vein blood glucose increased during meals in the previously food-deprived rats (83 +/- 4 to 116 +/- 6 mg/dl) but not in the ad libitum-fed rats (127 +/- 5 to 132 +/- 3 mg/dl). Mechanisms that may elicit prandial glycogenolysis and the possible role of this effect in the production of meal ending satiety are discussed. PMID- 7114301 TI - Comparative study of platelet dense granule constituents. AB - Cat, cattle, dog, horse, human, mink, pig, and rabbit platelets were separated from plasma by gel filtration. The gel-filtered platelets (GFP) were treated with thrombin to induce maximal granule secretion and the potential dense granule constituents ATP, ADP, serotonin (5-HT), Ca2+, and Mg2+ were measured in GFP and in the control and thrombin-treated platelets and in the respective supernatants. The amount of Ca2+, Mg2+, 5-HT, ATP, and ADP within the nonreleasable pool for all species varied between 3.1 and 10.0 mumol/10(11) platelets for Ca2+ and Mg2+ was less than 1.5 mumol/10(11) platelets for ADP and 5-HT and was between 2.0 and 5.0 mumol/10(11) platelets for ATP. Marked differences were observed in the releasable fraction. Human platelets were characterized by the largest releasable Ca2+ pool (greater than 10 mumol/10(11) platelets), the smallest secretable 5-HT and Mg2+ pool (less than 0.5 mumol/10(11) platelets), and the lowest ATP-to-ADP ratio (greater than 1.0). Pig platelets had the highest amount of releasable Mg2+ (approximately 8.0 mumol/10(11) platelets). Rabbits platelets released the most 5 HT (greater than 3.0 mumol/10(11)) and had the highest ATP/ADP (greater than 5.0). The releasable pool of Ca2+, Mg2+, ATP, and ADP in the remaining species varied in mumol/10(11) platelets from approximately 1.5-4.0, approximately 1.0 3.0, 0.5-3.5, and approximately 0.5-1.5, respectively. PMID- 7114302 TI - Multiprobe monitoring of ionic, metabolic, and electrical activities in the awake brain. AB - A new approach for studying brain metabolic, ionic, and electrical activities in the awake animal is described. We developed a multiprobe assembly holding electrodes for extracellular K+, pH, DC potential, electrocorticogram, and temperature as well as a light guide for monitoring intramitochondrial NADH oxidation-reduction state. The assembly was designed so that because of the type of electrodes used and the protection system around them, the same system could be used in many experiments. The results presented here are typical and show the potential use of the multiprobe approach for studying the effects of hypoxia, anoxia, spreading depression, and ischemia on the awake brain. From the results obtained the following conclusions can be drawn. 1) The DC correction for the K+ and H+ measurements is necessary, although it was not as good for the H+ as for the K+ signals. 2) During ischemia (complete or partial) a clear acidification of the brain was found in correlation with the decrease in oxygen availability as evaluated by the NADH fluorescence signal. 3) During brain activation (induced by spreading depression) extracellular K+ was elevated and then actively pumped back into the cells. The NADH showed an oxidation response, and the pH response started with an alkalinization followed by a short acidification. PMID- 7114303 TI - Presidential address: science in the service of the ill. PMID- 7114304 TI - Reliability and validity of emotional blunting as a criterion for diagnosis of schizophrenia. AB - The authors tested the usefulness of emotional blunting as a criterion for the diagnosis of schizophrenia on 130 patients with Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC), diagnoses of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and affective disorder, using both a scale devised by Abrams and Taylor and a global item from the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia. Reliability for both measures was very high. The results did not support the use of emotional blunting as a value criterion for the RDC diagnosis of schizophrenia, although it may be useful in differentiating subtypes of schizophrenia and as an exclusion criterion for affective disorders. There was no advantage in using a scale rather than a single rating measure for assigning diagnoses. PMID- 7114306 TI - A current perspective of pseudocyesis. AB - Pseudocyesis is a diagnosis out of medical antiquity in with the physiological and psychological concomitants of pregnancy develop in the absence of the true gravid state. Along with other dramatic and polymorphous psychiatric disorders pseudocyesis appears to have decreased in frequency or altered its clinical manifestation in this century. The author discusses the reasons behind these changes and describes a comparable modern neuroendocrine diagnosis, the galactorrhea-amenorrhea hyperprolactinemia syndrome. He advocates the combined use of the term pseudocyesis for a selected population of patients. PMID- 7114305 TI - The Global Deterioration Scale for assessment of primary degenerative dementia. AB - Cognitive decline associated with old age and consistent with the diagnosis of primary degenerative dementia is a unique clinical syndrome with characteristic phenomena and progression. The authors describe a Global Deterioration Scale for the assessment of primary degenerative dementia and delineation of its stages. The authors have used the Global Deterioration Scale successfully for more than 5 years and have validated it against behavioral, neuroanatomic, and neurophysiologic measures in patients with primary degenerative dementia. PMID- 7114308 TI - The future of child psychiatry as a medical discipline. AB - There is a shortage of child psychiatrists; at the same time, efforts to establish comprehensive care health resources for families and children are increasing. To ensure that child psychiatry keeps pace with broader changes in medical care, the author recommends that the distribution and practices of child psychiatrists be examined and that the therapies used be evaluated. The structural relationships of child psychiatry remaining programs to medical school departments of psychiatry and pediatrics and to the specialty examining boards also need reappraisal. Discussion of these issues within and outside child psychiatry should be stimulating and useful to the field's future. PMID- 7114307 TI - Short-term civil commitment and the violent patient. AB - To explore the specificity of criteria for civil commitment for dangerousness, the authors examined the relationship between civil commitment for dangerousness to others under the California Civil Commitment Statute (the Lanterman-Petris Short Act) and violent acts and behavioral ratings made immediately after commitment. Using a prospective design they evaluated 84 subjects. The ratings of violent acts for subjects considered dangerous to others were no different than those of a nondangerous control group. The subjects considered dangerous to others, however, differed on several subscales of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. The authors discuss the implications of these results for civil commitment proceedings. PMID- 7114309 TI - Heart failure during treatment of anorexia nervosa. AB - The author presents data on three anorectic patients who developed heart failure during the nutritional rehabilitation phase of their treatment. After discussing possible reasons for the patients' cardiac decompensation, she suggests procedures for the prevention and early detection of heart failure in anorectic patients during the recovery phase. PMID- 7114311 TI - Survey of psychotherapy with black men. PMID- 7114310 TI - Efficacy of antipsychotic medications in behaviorally disturbed dementia patients. AB - This study compared the therapeutic efficacy of thioridazine, loxapine, and a placebo in the treatment of behavioral disturbances in nursing home patients with dementia. Antipsychotic medications were effective for the specific behavioral problems of anxiety, excitement, emotional lability, and uncooperativeness. Subjects with the most severe symptoms at baseline assessment derived the greatest benefit from treatment. Sedation, extrapyramidal symptoms, and decreased blood pressure were common side effects among patients treated with the antipsychotic drugs. The authors conclude that antipsychotic medication has a definite but limited therapeutic role in the treatment of behavioral disturbances in nursing home patients with dementia. PMID- 7114313 TI - Genetic relationship between paranoid personality disorder and the "schizophrenic spectrum" disorders. PMID- 7114312 TI - Corneal and lenticular opacities in mentally retarded young adults treated with thioridazine and chlorpromazine. AB - Of 18 mentally retarded institutionalized subjects who had received long-term, high-dose treatment primarily with thioridazine or chlorpromazine, 2 developed definite corneal and lenticular opacities and 2 had equivocal ocular changes. In view of this finding, the authors suggest that alternative treatment, including different neuroleptics, be considered with mentally retarded institutionalized subjects; when that is not possible, subjects should be given periodic evaluation, including annual slit-lamp examination. PMID- 7114315 TI - Auditory hallucinations treated by radio headphones. AB - A young man with chronic auditory hallucinations was treated according to the principle that increasing external auditory stimulation decreases the likelihood of auditory hallucinations. Listening to a radio through stereo headphones in conditions of low auditory stimulation eliminated the patient's hallucinations. PMID- 7114314 TI - Substitution of atenolol for propranolol in a case of propranolol-related depression. AB - The authors describe a 62-year-old woman with symptoms of major depression presumed to be secondary to propranolol use. The patient responded poorly to imipramine; however, her symptoms cleared rapidly when atenolol was substituted for propranolol. PMID- 7114317 TI - Psychiatric changes associated with an excess of folic acid. AB - Two patients are described here who showed exacerbation of psychotic behavior during treatment with folic acid. The authors conclude that further investigations are warranted, since some reports indicate the antipsychotic potential of folic acid. PMID- 7114318 TI - Reversal by bethanechol of sexual dysfunction caused by anticholinergic antidepressants. AB - The anticholinergic properties of currently available antidepressants sometimes cause sexual dysfunction. Bethanechol, a cholinergic drug, was found to give total relief of impotence in two men and of anorgasmy in one woman; none of the subjects suffered side effects. PMID- 7114316 TI - Confusional paranoid psychosis after withdrawal from sympathomimetic amines: two case reports. AB - Paranoid psychosis may result from intoxication with, or withdrawal from amphetamines. The authors describe two cases of paranoid confusional psychosis commencing 1 week after the patients' withdrawal from sympathomimetic amines. The pathophysiology for this unusual disorder may be agonist-induced dopamine receptor hypersensitivity. PMID- 7114319 TI - Neuro-ophthalmic systemic lupus erythematosis misdiagnosed as hysterical blindness. AB - The authors present a case of neuro-ophthalmic systemic lupus erythematosus in which an initial diagnosis of "hysteria" was made. The authors review the ophthalmic symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus and technical aspects of the ophthalmic examination useful in differentiating organic from functional blindness. PMID- 7114320 TI - Serotoninergic agents in the treatment of isolated sleep paralysis. AB - The authors report three cases of isolated sleep paralysis controlled by L tryptophan with or without amitriptyline. Both agents increase CNS 5 hydroxytryptamine availability, whereas imipramine, which was ineffective in the one case in which it was tried, affects predominantly norepinephrine reuptake. PMID- 7114321 TI - Suicidal behavior and the DST: lack of association. PMID- 7114322 TI - Sharing responsibility in CMHCs. PMID- 7114324 TI - Questions about self psychology. PMID- 7114323 TI - Espiritismo and medical care. PMID- 7114325 TI - Science and psychotherapy. PMID- 7114326 TI - Tardive dyskinesia and factor analysis. PMID- 7114327 TI - Dystonic reaction to amitriptyline. PMID- 7114328 TI - Female orgasmic inhibition by amoxapine. PMID- 7114329 TI - "Idiot savants" or special skills. PMID- 7114330 TI - Memory and electroconvulsive therapy. PMID- 7114331 TI - Is WIC worthwhile? PMID- 7114332 TI - Oral rehydration and social change: the control of diarrheal diseases in the Third World. PMID- 7114333 TI - Cognitive and health measures following early nutritional supplementation: a sibling study. AB - A battery of cognitive measures, an adjustment measure, and multiple health indices were obtained for sibling pairs who differed in the timing of their participation in the Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) several years earlier, with participation during the perinatal period occurring for one sibling, but after one year of age for the other. Results indicated that the perinatally supplemented group showed significant enhancement of most intellectual and behavioral measures in the current home and school setting, including IQ, attention span, visual-motor synthesis, and school grade-point average when compared with the group supplemented later. Of the health assessments, most trends were in the expected direction, but only height for age values were significantly different for the two groups. PMID- 7114334 TI - Methodological rigor and citation frequency in patient compliance literature. AB - An exhaustive bibliography which assesses the methodological rigor of the patient compliance literature, and citation data from the Science Citation Index (SCI) are combined to determine if methodologically rigorous papers are used with greater frequency than substandard articles by compliance investigators. There are low, but statistically significant, correlations between methodological rigor and citation indicators for 138 patient compliance papers published in SCI source journals during 1975 and 1976. The correlation is not strong enough to warrant use of citation measures as indicators of rigor on a paper-by-paper basis. The data do suggest that citation measures might be developed as crude indicators of methodological rigor. There is no evidence that randomized trials are cited more frequently than studies that employ other experimental designs. PMID- 7114336 TI - Factors related to utilization of dental services by the elderly. AB - A household interview survey of 883 persons aged 62 and older residing in Seattle, Washington, asked about a broad range of health care and social service issues, including the need for and use of dental care. The Anderson model of health services utilization was used to identify predisposing, enabling, and need characteristics hypothesized to affect the use of dental services. A path analysis was conducted to distinguish the direct and indirect effects of the variables. The results showed that none of the predisposing variables, including age, was a significant factor in explaining the use of dental services. Education had both direct and indirect positive relationships to use. Having a regular sources of dental care was also an important factor affecting utilization. Neither income nor insurance variables were powerful factors. Need, measured by an index of dental problems and having dentures, was the stronger determinant of dental care use. In general, the model was better at predicting whether or not dental care would be sought by an older person at all (R2 = .27) than in predicting the amount of service used (R2 = .06). PMID- 7114335 TI - A diarrhea clinic in rural Bangladesh: influence of distance, age, and sex on attendance and diarrheal mortality. AB - Attendance rates at a diarrhea clinic were monitored in a defined population in rural Bangladesh. Weekly home visits were also carried out to determine diarrheal attacks in communities within six miles of the clinic. Within the first one mile radius, 90 per cent of diarrheal cases came to the clinic for treatment. At two miles the attendance fell to 70 per cent for males and 40 per cent for females. On an average, the greater the distance to the clinic, the more severe was the degree of dehydration on presentation, requiring more frequent use of intravenous fluid. Mortality secondary to diarrhea was significantly reduced only within a two-mile radius of the clinic. PMID- 7114337 TI - An evaluation of the effectiveness of motor cycle daytime headlight laws. AB - Currently, 17 states mandate the daytime use of motorcycle headlights. The purpose of these laws is to make the motorcyclists more conspicuous and reduce the number of daytime multi-vehicle collisions. The effectiveness of the laws is examined by comparing the proportion of daytime fatal, front, and side-angle collisions between states with and without such laws. The comparison is based on all motorcycle fatalities recorded by NHTSA for the years 1975-80. The analysis shows no statistically significant difference between states with and without such laws, suggesting that daytime headlight laws are ineffective. Several explanations of this negative finding are explored. PMID- 7114338 TI - Prospects for eliminating racial differences in breast cancer survival rates. AB - Results from the randomized trial underway in the Health Insurance Plan of Greater New York to determine the efficacy of periodic screening with mammography and palpation of the breast have been examined to determine the effect of screening on racial differences in breast cancer survival rates. Consistent with experience in general populations, the control group showed a lower five-year survival rate among non-White women with breast cancer than among White women. In the study group, 65 per cent of whom participated in the screening program, there was no differential in the survival rates of the two racial groups. The elimination of the unfavorable status among non-Whites through screening does not appear to be explained by various artifacts explored. Secondary prevention measures may offer the possibility of reducing or closing the gap in breast cancer survival rates between White and non-White women. PMID- 7114340 TI - Putting the lamentations of epidemiologists in perspective. AB - Epidemiologists have expressed concern about constraints upon the conduct of epidemiological research imposed by Institutional Review Boards (IRBs), attorneys, and both institutional and individual health services providers. The epidemiologists assert that these constraints, not necessarily required by law or sound policy, will deprive society of the benefits such research can yield. It is suggested that the complex of law and regulation, resulting from increased awareness of privacy and confidentiality interests, can often be dealt with if there is clearer understanding of the roles of attorneys, and flexibility shown by both epidemiologists and health services administrators and practitioners in the structuring and review of epidemiological research protocols. PMID- 7114339 TI - The effects of family involvement and practitioner home visits on the control of hypertension. AB - The effectiveness of two social support strategies designed to lower hypertensive patients' blood pressure were compared to each other and to a control group (N = 63) receiving routine care in a randomized clinical trial extending over a period of two years. Group 1 (N = 99) received visits and had family members actively participate in their care through home blood pressure monitoring; Group 2 (N = 56) received home visits from nurses and pharmacists. All groups were predominantly Black. After the first year of the trial, the proportion of patients with uncontrolled diastolic blood pressure (greater than or equal to 95mm Hg) had declined significantly for all three groups; no group showed a statistically significant advantage. However, during the last six months of the second year (after visiting had ended), both Groups 1 and 2 demonstrated clear superiority in DBP control over Group 3, achieving borderline statistical significance (p = .07) when multivariable analysis was performed to control for potential confounders. Supplementing routine care with periodic home visits produced an additional 21 per cent of patients with well-controlled DBP, while involving family members plus visits produced a 17 per cent improvement in the percentage of patients with DBP less than 95mm Hg. However, neither support strategy was clearly more effective than the other over time. The efficacy of the interventions is discussed with respect to cost and feasibility of implementation. PMID- 7114341 TI - Prescribing CPR: a survey of physicians. AB - We interviewed 55 cardiologists, internists, and family practitioners to determine attitudes and practices regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) counseling. There was unanimous support for citizen-CPR. However, only 40 per cent of the physicians interviewed recommended CPR training to spouses of patients with coronary heart disease and 42 per cent did not provide counseling about cardiac arrest. This suggests that the doctor's office can be better utilized in the promotion of CPR education. PMID- 7114342 TI - Development trends of first cigarette smoking experience of children: the Bogalusa heart study. AB - During one school year a health habits survey investigated cigarette smoking behavior in a total biracial population of children, ages 8 to 17 years old. Information was collected concerning each child's first smoking experience. Over 60 per cent of the children reported they were given their first cigarettes. Half of those starting before age 12 smoked their first cigarettes with a family member or an older fried. The smoking habit appears to have become established by age 14, with a two-year gap between initiation and maintenance. PMID- 7114343 TI - Activities of an employer independent Occupational Medicine Clinic, Cook County Hospital, 1979-1981. AB - In July 1976, Cook County Hospital, a 1,363-bed general public hospital in Chicago, Illinois, established a hospital-funded Occupational Medicine Clinic. A review was made of the clinic records of the 486 new patients evaluated at the clinic from July 1979 to June 1981. Information is presented concerning age, ethnic origin, sex, union representation, referral sources, reason for the referral, number and type of toxic exposure, diagnosis, occupational relationship of the disease, and disposition. PMID- 7114345 TI - Fertility inhibition using low-dose immunization with procine zonae pellucidae. AB - The antigenic potency of porcine zona pellucida has been studied in the rabbit using low-dose immunization (50, 100, 200, and 400 zonae per injection), and the subsequent level of anti-zona antibodies was determined. The antibody titers as determined by the indirect immunofluorescence test (IF) and the zona precipitation reaction (PR) were 1:640 and 1:80, respectively, after immunization with 100 zonae. There was no difference in antibody, titers between the immunization of 400 suspended zonae and 400 heat-treated zonae. Injection of homogenized porcine ovary also resulted in titers of 1:640 and 1:80 (IF and PR, respectively). Immunization, however, with only 50 isolated zonae did not produce a measurable antibody titer. Immunization with 1200 intact or heat-treated zonae resulted in transient infertility. The present study demonstrated that the limiting quantity of zonae required for detectable antibody production was between 1.65 micrograms and 3.30 micrograms zona protein as monitored by immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation assays. To induce an antifertility effect, at least 40 micrograms of zona material was necessary. PMID- 7114344 TI - Acute fluoride poisoning associated with an on-site fluoridator in a Vermont elementary school. AB - On August 30 1980, an outbreak of minor illnesses consisting of nausea and vomiting affected 22 individuals attending a farmers market at a school. Illness was associated with the consumption of beverages made from school water (Xc2 = 65.6, p less than .0001); analysis of the water showed high levels of fluoride (1,041 mg/l). The most likely source of the contamination was the school fluoridator, which had accidentally been left on continuous operation. PMID- 7114346 TI - Natural history of glenohumeral dislocation--revisited. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the natural history of glenohumeral dislocation in young athletes. A review of the literature revealed a consensus of opinion that the dislocated shoulder should be immobilized from 3-6 weeks. However, a high recurrence rate could be expected. One hundred twenty-one patients with acute traumatic anterior dislocations were evaluated (average age 19 years). Methods of immobilization were shoulder immobilizers and slings and swaths. Sixty-two patients were immobilized and 56 (90%) of these suffered recurrent dislocation. Fifty-nine patients were not immobilized and 50 (85%) re dislocated their shoulders. The length of immobilization had no effect on the recurrence rate. All re-dislocations occurred within 18 months of the initial injury. Seventy-nine patients were operated on for recurrent dislocation. With such a high recurrence rate in the athletic age group, the authors question if immobilization affects the prognosis. PMID- 7114347 TI - Evaluation of unstable shoulders by computed tomography. A preliminary study. AB - Three patients who had various types of glenohumeral joint instability, and in whom computed tomography (CT) was utilized as an additional diagnostic modality, are presented. In two of the three patients, routine radiography supplemented with special views documented the presence of a Hill-Sachs lesion; in the third, an equivocal abnormality was apparent. In all three individuals, CT verified the presence of a Hill-Sachs lesion; in one patient, there was also a Bankart deformity. CT represents a new and important modality that may be applied to the diagnostic evaluation of patients with unstable shoulders. PMID- 7114348 TI - Injuries in intercollegiate wrestling. A 5-year study. AB - A 5-year study of the injuries sustained by a single intercollegiate wrestling team is presented. The total number of injuries, a description of the injuries classified according to anatomical distribution, and mechanism of injury are given. A high incidence of upper body injuries is noted, and comments are made concerning protective measures that can be taken. PMID- 7114349 TI - Recurrent inferior dislocation of the clavicle at the acromioclavicular joint. A case report. PMID- 7114350 TI - Awareness of the retinaculum in evaluating patellofemoral pain. PMID- 7114351 TI - Isokinetic rehabilitation after surgery. A review of factors which are important for developing physiotherapeutic techniques after knee surgery. AB - The postoperative rehabilitation of individuals who've had surgery has been a primary concern of all members of the health care community. With the advent of new training devices for use during the rehabilitation period (i.e., isokinetic training devices) and new research in sports medicine, there has been a renewed interest in how to best rehabilitate individuals following surgery (knee surgery, in particular). This paper briefly reviews basic muscle physiology as it relates to muscle fiber types and recruitment patterns. Subsequently, it reviews studies that have investigated muscle atrophy and methods to reduce muscle dysfunction related to surgery, immobilization, and disuse. Finally, it reviews isokinetic training studies and examines the concept of "specificity of speed" training. These principles of muscle physiology and muscle plasticity are then applied to a proposed isokinetic rehabilitation program which might be adapted for use following joint surgery. PMID- 7114352 TI - Infectious mononucleosis in the athlete. Diagnosis, complications, and management. AB - Although almost always a benign, self-limiting disease, infectious mononucleosis accounts for considerable symptomatic illness in the young athlete and can, on occasion, be truly life-threatening. Recognition of the syndrome "glandular fever," vis-a-vis infectious mononucleosis--fever, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy, and splenomegaly, with characteristic changes in the peripheral blood leukocytes- dates back over a half a century. However, seroepidemiologic studies have only recently established its viral causation and epidemiology. This acute infection by the Epstein-Barr virus is unique pathophysiologically--an acute, self limiting, lymphoproliferative disorder with autoimmune features--and may well be the cause or one of the causes of several malignant neoplasms, Burkitt's lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This review (1) describes infectious mononucleosis, pathophysiologically, clinically, and epidemiologically; and outlines its most frequent and serious complications; (2) discusses how to reliably diagnose infectious mononucleosis and evaluate the heterophile-negative case; and (3) addresses management, especially the thorny issues of the use of corticosteroids and restriction from athletic training and participation. PMID- 7114353 TI - Dimethyl sulfoxide. Biomechanical effects on tendons. AB - Forty-eight mice were treated for 12 time periods from 0 days through 28 days at 24-hour intervals by rinsing the skin area of the Achilles tendon of each hindleg with 100 microliters of a solution of 70% drug grade dimethyl sulfoxide in 30% sterile water. After the treatment period the mice were killed and the Achilles tendons were subjected to separation force analysis to determine tensile strength. The mean separation force was shown to be a function of the treatment period (P = 0.0294) with a significant linear component (P = 0.0049), a significant quadratic component (P = 0.0036), and a significant cubic component (P = 0.0049). The model identified an initial area of decreasing mean separation force (0 to 7 days), an area of increasing mean separation force (7 to 22 days), and a subsequent area of decreasing mean separation force (22 to 28 days). The maximum decrease in the group mean separation force was 20.2% and was observed in the 7-day treatment group. The clinical significance of the results of this study was that the topical application of dimethyl sulfoxide was associated with periods of decreased mean separation forces in tendons. The avoidance of vigorous muscular activity is recommended during therapy with dimethyl sulfoxide. PMID- 7114354 TI - Racquetball. A game with preventable injuries. AB - One hundred fifty-seven racquetball injuries were identified. Eighty-two involved the face, but ocular injuries were probably underrepresented as a result of patient triage protocols. Facial trauma occurred more frequently among novice players. Only 9.9% of the players wore protective facial equipment and 23.1% had taken lessons before being injured. We propose that injuries could be reduced with proper player education, including the wearing of protective facial equipment. A modification in the design of conventional facial equipment is suggested to further reduce injury. PMID- 7114355 TI - A county sports medicine committee. The Albuquerque experience. AB - This paper describes the Albuquerque and Bernalillo County Medical Association Sports Medicine Committee, in existence since 1973. The Committee has had several non-physician members, including athletic trainers, physical therapists, dentists, and others. Among the many accomplishments of the Committee has been the development of a unique high school sports medicine program for the Albuquerque Public School System. The program combined certified athletic trainers and volunteer team physicians in a close and formal working relationship. To support the high school program, the Committee has developed an injury reporting system, a computer program for recording statistics, and a continuing education newsletter. The program has been well received by all concerned with it, especially the student-athletes. PMID- 7114356 TI - Kinesiology. Part V: physiologic and biochemical relationships. PMID- 7114359 TI - Midline granuloma syndrome: a clinicopathologic study of 13 patients. AB - Thirteen patients with the clinical features of the midline granuloma syndrome are reported. Seven of the patients were determined to have Wegener's granulomatosis and had segmental necrotizing glomerulonephritis in their renal biopsies. Eighteen upper aerodigestive trace mucosal biopsies were available for review from the seven patients, and nine of these biopsies had a granulomatous angiodestructive inflammatory cell infiltrate considered "diagnostic" of Wegener's granulomatosis. The remaining nine biopsies lacked the specific histologic features of Wegener's granulomatosis but were considered consistent with mucosal involvement by the disease. Five of the remaining six patients had upper aerodigestive tract biopsies that were characterized by lymphocytic infiltrates. Three of the five patients had appreciable numbers of "atypical" cells in their biopsies and presented with radiologic evidence of lung involvement. It is our impression that patients with "significant cellular atypia" in their lymphocytic infiltrates have a disease indistinguishable from lymphomatoid granulomatosis, and these patients have a high propensity for either the presence or development of systematic disease that may require chemotherapy. Two patients had lymphocytic infiltrates with only minor degrees of cytologic atypia and no evidence of multisystem disease, and both of these patients responded to local radiation therapy. The remaining patient had a nonspecific histologic pattern in her numerous biopsies and was diagnosed as idiopathic midline destructive disease. She also had an adequate response to radiation therapy. PMID- 7114357 TI - Malignant neuroectodermal tumor of the ovary, a distinctive form of monodermal teratoma: report of five cases. AB - Five cases of ovarian tumor with an exclusive or almost exclusive malignant neuroectodermal composition are reported. Four of them were unquestionably primary, but one, although probably primary, was possibly metastatic from the adrenal gland. The ages of the four patients with tumors in the former category ranged from 13 to 17 with an average of 15 years; the fifth patient was 18 years old. The presenting symptoms were similar to those of other ovarian cancers. Two of the definitely primary tumors were pure while two others contained minor foci of mature teratoma. Only one of the four patients with an unquestionable primary ovarian tumor survived for more than 7 years; the others died of tumor from 2 months to almost 4 years postoperatively. The fifth patient presented with unilateral ovarian involvement by neuroblastoma and abdominal metastases; autopsy over 6 months later revealed involvement of both adrenal glands. This case appears to be the first recorded case of neuroblastoma presenting clinically as a primary ovarian cancer. PMID- 7114358 TI - Pulmonary fat embolization in the immunocompromised patient: its relationship to steroid medication. AB - Three immunosuppressed patients developed respiratory distress while receiving steroids. The main pulmonary findings were fat embolization with secondary hemorrhagic alveolitis. The pulmonary changes were similar to those found in patients who had traumatic fat embolization. Pulmonary distress in immunosuppressed patients may develop for a variety of reasons; fat embolization should be included in the differential diagnosis when these patients are receiving steroids. PMID- 7114360 TI - The pathology of Yersinia enterocolitica ileocolitis. AB - The terminal ileum and proximal colon were resected in two children presenting with fever and right lower quadrant abdominal pain. The pathological findings were characteristic; elongated ulcerations with underlying lymphoid hyperplasia involved the distal ileum and smaller punctate aphthoid ulcers involved the distal ileum and colon. Transmural inflammation was seen in both cases and resulted in thickened, erythematous distal ileum mistaken at surgery for Crohn's disease. Yersinia enterocolitica was recovered from operative cultures of both the specimens. One of the two patients had a 1:1280 serological titer for Yersinia enterocolitica 1 week after surgery. The pathologic findings of Yersinia enterocolitica ileocolitis are distinctive and easily differentiated from Crohn's disease and other pathologic processes in this region. Operative diagnosis can be difficult but if the possibility of Yersinia infection is considered, the correct diagnosis can usually be made without unnecessary surgical resection. PMID- 7114361 TI - Verruca vulgaris of the larynx: a distinctive lesion of probable viral origin confused with verrucous carcinoma. AB - Two adult males had superficial, keratotic vocal cord lesions. One was diagnosed as verrucous carcinoma, prompting a hemilaryngectomy. The other was interpreted as a squamous papilloma and was treated by local excision. Both patients are disease-free 7 years and 18 months, respectively, following surgery. The histologic features of both lesions are identical to those of cutaneous verruca vulgaris, and immunoperoxidase staining for human papilloma virus was positive in one case. Laryngeal verruca vulgaris has not been previously described and in the past may have been misdiagnosed as verrucous carcinoma, leading to unnecessary surgery. The histologic features of laryngeal verruca vulgaris are presented and its distinction from other cytologically bland, keratotic lesions of the larynx is discussed. PMID- 7114362 TI - Local excision of low and mid-rectal villous adenomas. PMID- 7114363 TI - Observations on the American Board of Surgery In-Training examination, board results, and conference attendance. AB - Based on an evaluation of the results of 119 In-Training tests taken by 60 residents from 1975 to 1981, guidelines were developed for using the test in surgery training programs. Regression analysis revealed a high correlation (r = 0.79, p less than 0.001) between scores on the In-Training test and the American Board of Surgery Qualifying Examinations. At the 95 percent confidence level, a PGY V resident scoring higher than the 25th percentile on the final In-Training Examination will pass the Qualifying Examination. Residents who do not continue the general surgery residency (dropouts, those with a subspeciality year on general surgery, those not selected for further training) score significantly lower (p less than 0.002) than general surgery residents. This selection process tends to lower (2.5 percentile points per year) the percentile scores of general surgery residents in later years of training. Participation in key teaching conferences has a positive correlation, although it is disappointingly low, with In-Training results. Objective guidelines can assist the teaching staff when they consider residents for selection or retention in the training program. PMID- 7114365 TI - Clarification of the nomenclature of pigment gallstones. PMID- 7114366 TI - Evaluation of extracranial cerebrovascular disease in the hypertensive patient with ocular pneumoplethysmography at 500 mm Hg. AB - OPG-300 is a reliable noninvasive method of detecting hemodynamically significant stenoses of the internal carotid circulation. An important limitation of the method is that patients with systemic blood pressure greater than 160 mm Hg cannot be studied; in our laboratory this represented 55 percent of the patients referred for testing. The addition of the 500 mm Hg vacuum modification now allows us to reliably test 95 percent of patients referred to our laboratory for evaluation of the extracranial cerebrovascular circulation. PMID- 7114364 TI - Bile duct cysts. Experience with 15 patients. AB - Fifteen patients, all of whom underwent surgery at this institution from 1955 to 1981, were included in this study. Bile duct cysts were classified into Types I to V to include cysts of the intra- and extra-hepatic bile ducts. The association of this entity with other congenital abnormalities is discussed. Carcinoma of the biliary tree occurred in two cases. The treatment of this condition is surgical. Excision is preferred whenever technically possible; otherwise a bypass procedure is performed. The technique of excision described by Lilly [32,34] is preferred because it is safer, decreasing the risk of injury to the hepatic artery and portal vein. Controversy continues regarding the procedure of choice. PMID- 7114367 TI - Superiority of the femoral artery of monitoring. A prospective study. AB - Continuous hemodynamic monitoring and ease of blood sampling are advantages of indwelling arterial catheters. The use and associated morbidity of arterial monitoring catheters were studied prospectively. Ninety-five percent of patients catheterized had multiple injuries, and almost 75 percent were 40 years of age or younger. Major and minor complication rates were similar with radial and femoral catheters, while the longevity of femoral catheters was almost twice that of radial catheters. Radial catheter-related sepsis did not occur when the duration of catheterization was less than 4 days. Tissue loss secondary to radical catheters can be minimized by immediate catheters can be minimized by immediate catheter removal upon appearance of ischemic changes. Our data support the preferential use of the femoral artery for long-term monitoring catheters in a younger patient population. PMID- 7114368 TI - Pancreatic duct pressure in chronic pancreatitis. AB - The wide variety of surgical procedures available for the relief of pain in patients with chronic pancreatitis attests to a lack of understanding of the precise mechanisms responsible for the onset of pain in this condition. In the development of surgical procedures designed to "decompress" the pancreatic duct in chronic pancreatitis, it has been tacitly assumed that pancreatic duct hypertension exists and is important in the pathophysiology of the disease. In 19 patients with chronic pancreatitis and dilated pancreatic ducts, pancreatic duct pressure was significantly higher than in control patients. In view of the dramatic relief of preoperative pain after procedures for decompressing the pancreatic ducts, ductal hypertension has been confirmed as an important mechanism of pain production in this group of patients. PMID- 7114369 TI - Surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis. Report of 134 cases treated by resection or drainage. AB - One hundred thirty-four patients (123 men and 11 women) were operated on for chronic pancreatitis (69 pancreaticojejunostomies, 20 cytopancreaticojejunostomies, 22 left pancreatectomies, and 23 Whipple operations). Half of these patients were followed up for 5 years or more. Four patients died from cancer of the pancreas. The operative mortality rate was 4.2 percent after anastomosis, 13.5 percent after pancreatectomy, and 8.7 percent after a Whipple operation. Relief of pain was the main aim of operation. The rate of good results after pancreaticojejunostomy (85 percent) was higher than after resection (71 percent after right pancreatectomy or Whipple operation and 66.6 percent after left pancreatectomy). The mortality rate after 5 years 26 percent after anastomosis, 30 percent after Whipple operation, and 45 percent after left pancreatectomy. Alcoholic intake did not appear to influence the operative result but improved the quality of life of the patient. Postoperative complications are more common and more serious after resection than after anastomosis. If dilated, the common bile duct must be drained as well as the pancreatic duct after anastomosis. Whenever the pancreatic duct is dilated more than 8 mm it must be drained rather than resected. PMID- 7114370 TI - Adrenalectomy: anterior or posterior approach? AB - The relative merits of the anterior and posterior approaches to the adrenal gland were assessed in a series of 103 patients with bilateral cortical hyperplasia or unilateral cortical adenoma (less than 25 g). In none of the patients was additional concomitant surgery planned. Sixty-four patients were operated on through the anterior and 39 through the posterior approach. Iatrogenic injury of the spleen necessitated splenectomy in 9 (18 percent) of 49 patients undergoing left adrenalectomy anteriorly. In 10 (26 percent) of 39 patients operated on posteriorly, the pleural cavity was entered. Perioperative blood requirement and postoperative morbidity were lower when the posterior approach was used. The hospital stay was significantly shorter after both unilateral and bilateral adrenalectomy when operation was done through the posterior approach. The results of this study lend strong support to a posterior lumbar approach for adrenalectomy for small benign adrenal cortical lesions. PMID- 7114371 TI - Endotoxemia, disturbance of coagulation, and obstructive jaundice. AB - A prospective study of coagulation disturbances and endotoxemia in 42 patients having major pancreatic or biliary surgery was performed. Endotoxin, soluble fibrin, and fibrin degradation products were measured before and after operation in 28 patients with obstructive jaundice and in 14 nonjaundiced controls. In the control group there was one death and no unexplained fever or postoperative hemorrhage. The jaundiced group had more complications: seven deaths, nine episodes of fever, and six episodes of hemorrhage. Soluble fibrin was detected only in patients with obstructive jaundice, in whom it occurred in 38 percent before operation. Positive endotoxin assay was as common in control patients as in the jaundiced group, but in the latter endotoxin was associated (p less than 0.05) with increased FDP and soluble fibrin. Patients with endotoxin or increased FDP levels before operation for jaundice carry a poor prognosis (7 of 11 died). Preoperative bowel preparation in 16 of the jaundiced patients did not affect the outcome. PMID- 7114373 TI - Esophagocardioplasty with gastric pouch. An experimental study in dogs. AB - In 18 dogs esophagocardioplasty was performed through an abdominal incision with a gastric patch taken from the minor curvature of the stomach. In four dogs the mucosa was removed from the gastric patch and in six dogs a Nissen fundoplication was done. The dogs were observed for 1 year. All dogs showed macroscopic and microscopic signs of esophagitis with ulcers; three had esophageal perforation and two dogs had esophageal stenosis. We found that gastric patches with peptic acid secretory mucosa in dogs cause grave esophageal lesions. PMID- 7114372 TI - Giant duodenal ulcer. PMID- 7114374 TI - Appendectomy in childhood. Analysis of 105 negative explorations. AB - Laparotomy with a preoperative diagnosis of acute appendicitis disclosed a normal appendix in 105 children (22.1 percent). In less than half of these, another condition was found or later identified, which explained the symptoms leading to operation. Ovarian lesions, acute ileocolitis, and serositis were the most frequently identified abnormalities. Twelve patients (11 percent) underwent definitive procedures in addition to appendectomy. Among patients in whom no abnormality was identified at laparotomy, peritoneal cultures yielded a broad range of organisms in 42 percent of those who had cultures. This may represent a mild form of acute primary peritonitis and may explain the symptoms which were confused with acute appendicitis. PMID- 7114375 TI - Prognosis of acute nonspecific abdominal pain. A prospective study. AB - In a prospective study of 230 patients followed up for 5 years after hospital admission for acute non-specific abdominal pain, 21 patients (9 patients) could not be traced, and 11 (5 percent) had died. Only one death was related to symptoms from the first admission. Of the remaining 198 patients, 77 percent were healthy and free of any symptoms during the observation period. Fourteen patients (7 percent) had been hospitalized once more due to acute abdominal pain; 5 had acute appendicitis. The others had diagnosed recurrences of nonspecific abdominal pain. Sixteen percent complained of continuing of intermittent abdominal symptoms, mainly of benign colonic or gynecologic origin, while malignant disease developed in 1 percent (or 4 percent of patients over 50 years of age). It is concluded that control of these patients is generally unnecessary, but when symptoms recur further examinations, especially for colonic or gynecologic disease, should be carried out. In patients over 50 years old, the possibility of malignant disease should be kept in mind. PMID- 7114377 TI - Lymphatic spread and its prognostic value in patients with rectal cancer. AB - The incidence of lymph node metastasis in 423 patients with resected rectal cancer was 51.4 percent. There was no correlation between the size of the tumor and metastasis when the maximum diameter of the tumor exceeded 3 cm, and metastasis was seen in more than 50 percent of the patients. Metastasis was seen in 17.9 percent of the patients with cancer limited to the mucosa (mucosal and submucosal layer), in 37.8 of those with penetration limited to the propria muscle, and in more than 50 percent of those with penetration to the serosa or invasion into other organs. With lower rectal cancer, lateral metastasis was seen in 23 percent of the patients with advanced cancer, and inguinal lymph node metastasis in 6 percent. The 5 year survival rate of Dukes' C patients was as low as 33 percent, but was 52.9 percent in the patients with metastasis to only the pararectal lymph node; the prognosis of lateral metastasis is poor. As a subclassification of Dukes' C, levels 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 are proposed on the basis of the extent of lymphatic spread. PMID- 7114376 TI - Colorectal carcinoma in patients with ulcerative colitis. AB - Analysis of a 30 year (1950 to 1979) series of colorectal carcinoma disclosed 29 patients with ulcerative colitis, who were compared in this retrospective study with 1,032 noncolitic patients. Colitic tumors were often multiple and had a predilection for the transverse colon. Nineteen patients were resected with the intention of cure, for a curability rate of 66 percent, which is comparable to the 69 percent rate in noncolitic patients. The 5 year survival rate was 31 percent overall and 47 percent in curable cases, rates similar to those in noncolitic patients (34 and 47 percent). All patients with Dukes' A lesions survived 5 years. A high incidence of Dukes' C lesions was observed; one third of these patients survived 5 years . Apart from the advanced stage, no signs of "aggressiveness" or particular virulence were demonstrated in colitic cancer. Results of procedures less than proctocolectomy in 13 patients were dismal: 4 died from cancer within 3 years, and 6 developed late carcinoma in the retained part of the bowel, with a fatal outcome in all. PMID- 7114378 TI - Serum zinc levels and urinary zinc excretion in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. Effects of tumor resection. AB - Low serum zinc levels and high urinary zinc excretion were found in 25 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. Twenty of them underwent successful removal of the tumor by lobectomy or pneumonectomy; in the other 5 patients surgical exploration revealed unresectable pulmonary lesions. The latter had significantly lower serum zinc and higher urinary zinc levels than the patients in whom surgical removal of the tumor could be performed. Tumor resection was followed by restoration of serum and urinary zinc to normal. In contrast, in the inoperable patients a further decrease in serum zinc and no significant change in urinary zinc excretion were noted 15 days after thoracic exploration. In both patient groups a significant negative correlation existed between preoperatively obtained values of serum and urinary zinc. Hypozincemia in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma may result from an increase in urinary zinc losses, probably related to a decrease in zinc binding to plasma proteins. Determination of serum and urinary zinc may be useful in evaluating the prognosis of primary lung cancer. PMID- 7114380 TI - Tibial artery injuries. AB - Twenty-eight consecutive patients with tibial or peroneal artery injury are reported. Of these, eight underwent direct arterial repair, eight received vein graft reconstruction, and the involved artery was ligated in the remainder, with amputation required for various reasons in four. Tibial or peroneal artery injury is a relatively common problem. Successful management requires an aggressive approach to early diagnosis, which in turn requires a high index of suspicion and arteriography. Early appropriate management will prevent the serious complications of ischemia, false aneurysm, arteriovenous fistula, and fascial compartment compression. The reconstruction of injured arteries of the lower leg is usually possible and should be accorded more attention than it has received in the past. PMID- 7114379 TI - Periareolar abscess in the nonlactating breast. AB - Periareolar abscesses in nonlactating women are usually accompanied by a sinus tract that communicates with the nipple. This abnormal tract represents the source of the initial invasive infection and, if left unattended, may be the nidus for recurrence. The medical records of 32 patients with periareolar abscess treated at Temple University Hospital from January 1970 through January 1980 were reviewed. Follow-up data were obtained recently for 21 patients, including 1 patient with bilateral disease. Several patients also had an inverted nipple. Nineteen patients denied recurrence after our initial treatment and two required a secondary procedure for cure. Only one patient was dissatisfied with the postoperative appearance of the surgical site. None required partial or simple mastectomy for cure, as reported elsewhere. Excision of the sinus tract and, when present, correction of the inverted nipple as herein described are necessary to prevent reinfection. Simple abscess excision or incision and drainage is usually inadequate therapy. PMID- 7114384 TI - Use of Teflon pledgets in esophageal anastomoses. PMID- 7114381 TI - Vein patch venoplasty. A method to increase the diameter of reversed saphenous vein grafts at the proximal anastomosis. PMID- 7114383 TI - Anatomy of the intercostal nerve: its importance during thoracic surgery. AB - Complications from attempts to block the intercostal nerves intraneurally before closure of a thoracotomy have resulted in hypotension with or without spinal block. Placement of a chest tube has resulted in transection of the intercostal nerve. The first of these complications can be avoided by not attempting intraneural block of the nerves intrathoracically. Avoidance of the latter requires careful dissection of the intercostal spaces and identification of the intercostal nerve, as opposed to stab insertion of a chest tube. PMID- 7114385 TI - Wound coverage in the Achilles region. AB - Skin loss over the distal Achilles region regardless of cause presents a problem in reconstruction. A variety of techniques have been employed. These procedures are critically reviewed and the technique which has proven helpful at our institution is discussed. The latter procedure employs a local random pattern rotation flap which has the advantages of simplicity, brief hospitalization, predictability of success, and coverage with sensate skin that is not bulky. PMID- 7114382 TI - Use of a split-sheath vein introducer for subclavian venipuncture in the placement of silicone catheters for chronic venous access. AB - The technique of venous cutdown for placement of silicone catheters can be difficult, uncomfortable for the patient, and very time-consuming. Adapting a technique used for the placement of permanent transvenous pacemaker leads, subclavian venotomy and a split-sheath dilator can be used for direct placement of large-bore catheters into the superior vena cava. This approach decreases patient discomfort and the likelihood of infectious or hemorrhagic complications of silicone catheter placement, and has greatly simplified and shortened this procedure. PMID- 7114386 TI - An improved technique of rubber band ligation of hemorrhoids. PMID- 7114387 TI - Current status of laryngectomee rehabilitation: I. Results of therapy. AB - Of 103 people with the clinical diagnosis of laryngeal cancer studied by the authors, 53 eventually were treated by total laryngectomy and, in some cases, radical neck dissection (43), preoperative radiation therapy (15), postoperative radiation therapy (29), and post-operative chemotherapy (7). All were entered into a comprehensive rehabilitation program. Six months following completion of their cancer therapy 47 were re-evaluated. Of these, 12 (26 per cent) used esophageal speech as the dominant mode of communication, 16 (34 per cent) the electrolarynx, and the remainder either wrote (16 [34 per cent]) or signed (3 [6 per cent]). Twenty-six (55 per cen) were considered to be successfully) rehabilitated overall and 21 (45 per cent) were not. These data indicate that the rehabilitative needs of today's laryngectomee are not being met successfully with traditional methods. PMID- 7114388 TI - Auditory brainstem response abnormalities in adductor spasmodic dysphonia. AB - Six patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia were evaluated for evidence of brainstem dysfunction using the auditory brainstem response (ABR). In four, abnormally large increments in wave V latencies were found at high stimulus repetition rates. Latency increments exceeded three standard deviations above the mean in a normative adult population. A fifth patient had the prolonged interpeak latencies described previously by other investigators. In five of six patients the capacity of the auditory brainstem to conduct impulses was compromised. These results suggest a central nervous system abnormality in adductor spasmodic dysphonia. PMID- 7114389 TI - Formation of the cupula cristae ampullaris: development in vivo and in vitro. AB - The development of the cupula cristae ampullaris in the mouse starts on the 14th gestational day and occurs mainly during the 15th and 16th gestational days. Subsequently the secretory activity of the epithelial cells diminishes. The cupula is formed from the underlying epithelium when there are only a small number of differentiated hair cells present. Secretion of cytoplasmic material occurs mainly from supporting cells. The surface of the epithelium at a location corresponding to the planum semilunatum in the adult organ has a thick layer of microvilli and demonstrates a particularly high secretory activity on the 15th gestational day. After the 16th gestational day there are few morphologic signs of secretion. The cupula also develops in inner ear anlages that have been explanted at the otocyst stage on the 12th or 13th gestational day and cultured for eight days in vitro. PMID- 7114390 TI - What basilar-membrane tuning says about cochlear micromechanics. AB - Experiments performed within the last 15 years on cochleas of live animals indicate that the cochlear sound analysis is much sharper than was expected from Bekesy's experiments on postmortem preparations. The mechanism underlying the sharp analysis has not yet been ascertained experimentally. However, details of mechanical tuning curves defined by the amplitude of basilar-membrane vibration as a function of sound frequency ofr a constant amplitude of stapes displacement, together with structural and physical properties of he basilar and tectorial membranes and of the organ of Corti, strongly suggest a mechanism. The mechanism is assumed to result from a resonance of the tectorial membrane produced by interaction of the membrane's mass with its viscoelastic attachments to the organ of Corti and the spiral limbus. The resonance would produce a strong vibration of the tectorial membrane in the radial plane and enhance the shear motion between the membrane and the reticular lamina. Mechanical and computer models of the mechanism have allowed the authors to reproduce in detail the empirical basilar membrane as well as corresponding neural tuning curves and to account for associated cochlear nonlinearities. PMID- 7114391 TI - Neurogenic neoplasms of the seventh cranial nerve presenting as a parotid mass. PMID- 7114392 TI - Malignant ameloblastoma of the mandible. PMID- 7114393 TI - Current status of laryngectomee rehabilitation: II. Causes of failure. AB - The study records of 47 laryngectomees were analyzed to determine the factors related to acquisition of failure to acquire esophageal speech and to successful or unsuccessful rehabilitation. The successful speakers wee able to phonate longer preoperatively, had less postoperative radiotherapy and dysphagia, took more speech instruction, and were more vigorous and tender-minded. Factors that correlated with successful rehabilitation were less postoperative radiotherapy, more vigor, greater imaginativeness, independence, and self-assuredness, and absence of denial. PMID- 7114395 TI - Autoimmune hemolytic anemia in childhood Hodgkin's disease. AB - Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is very rarely associated with neoplasia in childhood. However, we have observed AIHA in three children with Hodgkin's disease (HD) in the past 7 years. AIHA presented either prior to, simultaneously with, or years after the diagnosis of HD. Antibodies against erythrocytes were nonspecific. The relationship of AIHA to the activity of underlying HD was quite varied among these three patients. Surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy all may alter the course of AIHA. Coombs' tests may continue to be persistently positive when anemia is absent. Currently, all three patients have no evidence of recurrence of HD, no anemia, negative Coombs' tests 5 years, 22 months, and 14 years 10 months after the initial diagnosis of HD. AIHA should be considered in a child with HD who develops anemia and HD should also be considered in the differential diagnosis in a child with chronic AIHA. PMID- 7114397 TI - Transfusions with young erythrocytes (neocytes) in sickle cell anemia. AB - Transfusion-induced hemochromatosis is a potential therapeutic complication of the management of sickle cell anemia. Selective transfusion with young erythrocytes (neocytes), which theoretically have a longer life-span than do regular donor red cells, could decrease transfusion frequency and reduce iron deposition in the sickle cell patient. Using blood cell separators, a method has been devised to prepare neocyte units for transfusion. Neocyte enrichment was evaluated by reticulocyte count and mean red cell age was estimated from erythrocyte pyruvate kinase, an age-dependent enzyme. These neocyte units have an average estimated men cell age of 30 days compared to 60 days for unfractionated units. Radiochromium studies in seven splenectomized thalassemia major patients revealed an average half-life of 47.4 days for neocytes stored in the frozen state compared to an average half-life of 29.5 days for standard frozen red cells. Neocyte aliquots collected from three normal, eusplenic donors had an average estimated mean cell age of 6.5 days and an average half-life of 57.2 days when reinfused. Neocyte units cost +300 to collect and process compared to $92 for frozen red cells, but use of neocyte units could reduce by one-half the transfusion requirement in transfusion-dependent patients. PMID- 7114396 TI - Hemopoietic colony-forming cells in Shwachman's syndrome. AB - Colony-forming capacities were studied in three Japanese children with Shwachman's syndrome (chronic neutropenia and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency). Bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells assayed in a soft agar culture were markedly reduced in all three cases. The cytochemical examination of granulocyte-macrophage colonies by a new technique revealed that 90% of the colonies by a new technique revealed that 90% of the colonies consisted exclusively of granulocytes. Erythroid colony-forming cells assayed in a plasma clot culture were significantly reduced in two of the three cases. Bone marrow phagocytic cells did not suppress granulopoiesis in contrast to the cases of idiopathic aplastic anemia. Moreover, the patient serum did not inhibit granulopoiesis of normal bone marrow cells. These results have been discussed with the possibility of involving the hemopoietic stem cells and other additional factors. PMID- 7114399 TI - Is sickle cell trait a health hazard? Medical problems: a brief review. AB - Investigators have statistically linked the occurrence of certain conditions to sickle cell trait (hemoglobin AS). Other associations between hemoglobin AS and morbid conditions have been reported with reliable documentation, although these reports have lacked a statistical base. The need for continued, careful, and clear documentation of such associations is emphasized because physicians caring for patients with sickle cell trait will continue to question such associations. An approach to counseling patients with sickle cell trait is suggested. PMID- 7114398 TI - Vocational options for those with sickle cell trait: questions about hypoxemia and the industrial environment. AB - Many patients have parents and siblings who possess the sickle cell trait and who often require not only genetic counseling, but also information about their own health. Some have been informed that they cannot pursue careers in aviation. Some have been told that they are at special risk for the hypoxemic effects of heavy exertion, especially the exertion associated with sports. A few believe that certain elements of the industrial environment are unusually hazardous to them. An examination of the literature reveals little evidence in support of any of these beliefs. Most, if not all, unfavorable reports are clouded by faults of various kinds. All of them are of anecdotal type, based on small numbers of cases; the evidence offered is circumstantial. On the other hand, experiments designed to test the susceptibility of those with sickle cell trait have yielded favorable results. Studies of large populations indicate that those with the trait have normal health and normal life expectancy. There are almost as many favorable anecdotal reports as there are negative ones. We must conclude that people with sickle cell trait are just as tolerant to aviation and industrial environments as those who are homozygous for hemoglobin A. Also, there are strong indications that those with sickle cell trait are not endangered by heavy physical exertion, including the exertion of athletic competition. PMID- 7114400 TI - Erythropoietin in sickle cell disease: relation of erythropoietin levels to crisis and other complications. AB - Erythropoietin responsible for the hormonal regulation of red blood cell production. Its formation is largely controlled by the kidneys. A number of assay methods for erythropoietin are available. Asymptomatic patients with sickle cell disease have elevated erythropoietin levels, as expected with chronic hemolysis. When complicated by chronic renal failure, erythropoietin levels do not rise appropriately. Chronic infection has not been studied, but the erythropoietin response in acute infection does not seem to conform to a pattern. Aplastic crises are characterized by very high levels of erythropoietin, suggesting bone marrow suppression, but events that trigger the crises remain obscure. In vaso occlusive crises, there is also some suggestion of mild and transient lack of bone marrow response. Patients with sickle cell disease, with their chronic high erythropoietin anemia and susceptibility to altered states, are uniquely suited for investigating the physiology of erythropoietin, especially under the constraints of present assay methods. PMID- 7114394 TI - Effect of subcutaneous deferoxamine and oral vitamin C on iron excretion in congenital hypoplastic anemia and refractory anemia associated with the 5q syndrome. AB - Chronic refractory anemia associated with congenital hypoplastic anemia (CHA, Blackfan-Diamond syndrome) and with the 5q-syndrome may require chronic transfusion therapy to sustain life. Hemosiderosis and death from chronic iron overload may result from such a program. The effect of subcutaneous (SC) deferoxamine (DF) and supplemental oral vitamin C (vit. C) on urinary iron excretion was studied in two patients with congenital hypoplastic anemia and one patient with 5q-syndrome. In the two patients with CHA, urinary iron excretion in response to DF given SC over 24 hours was comparable to the results following intravenous (I.V.) administration. Both of these cases had low levels of plasma ascorbate on initial evaluation and excreted more iron in response to two different doses of DF after they had received supplemental vit C and their stores were repleted. Significant iron excretion occurred in all three patients for 12 hours during the SC infusion of DF and for 12 hours after the end of the infusion. In all three patients, increasing the dose of DF up to 3-4 g given SC over 12 hours resulted in a linear increase in iron excretion. Once normal body stores of ascorbate were achieved by oral supplementation, increasing doses of vit C did not appear to cause a further increment in iron excretion. DF administered by a slow SC infusion appears to be an effective approach to iron overload in patients with refractory anemia and hemosiderosis secondary to chronic transfusions. Only small amounts of supplemental vit. C necessary to sustain adequate body stores are required for optimal iron excretion. PMID- 7114401 TI - The cooperative study of sickle cell disease: review of study design and objectives. AB - Although sickle cell disease has been known for years and many of its manifestations have been recognized, the "natural history" or clinical course of the disease from early childhood to death is not well understood. This is largely because of the variable degree of severity, the variability of the many manifestations, and the complexity of the interaction of the disease process with other health-related events. Therefore, information obtained to date hs been largely anecdotal, retrospective in nature, and lacking statistical stature. Consequently, there are many unanswered clinical questions about this illness. Therefore, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health has initiated a large-scale, multi-institution investigation based on an analytical and specific process, which is described. This 5-year study will provide the data base to answer existing questions and provide information to improve present medical management. Knowledge of risk factors, rates of progression, and incidence and nature of complications will directly impact on the care of sickle cell patients. In addition, this information will improve counseling related to family decisions and opportunities now available for prenatal diagnosis. Likewise, a data bank of clinical manifestations and a classification or index of severity are essential as emerging antisickling agents require clinical trials. PMID- 7114402 TI - Screening of the umbilical cord blood for sickle cell disease: utilization and implementation. PMID- 7114403 TI - Mental nerve neuropathy in a child with sickle cell anemia. PMID- 7114404 TI - Ultrasonography: hepatic vein thrombosis in sickle cell anemia. PMID- 7114407 TI - Pedagogy in dermatopathology. PMID- 7114406 TI - Intramyofiber skeletal muscle invasion in Ewing's sarcoma of bone: clinicopathologic observations from the intergroup Ewing's sarcoma study. AB - Skeletal muscle may be infiltrated by a variety of invasive or metastatic malignant tumors. In 14 out of 291 cases of Ewing's sarcoma, we observed diagnostic biopsies in which local skeletal muscle fibers contained intrasarcolemmal aggregates of tumor cells. Cases demonstrating local intramyofiber invasion have a higher mitotic count, an increased rate of developing distant metastases, and a decreased survival when compared to cases not demonstrating this skeletal muscle "parasitism." The usefulness of skeletal muscle intramyofiber invasion in the differential diagnosis of Ewing's sarcoma remains unknown at this time. PMID- 7114408 TI - Measurements by transmission electron microscopy of "dry" skin before and after application of a moisturizing cream. PMID- 7114405 TI - Lung abscess in sickle cell disease. PMID- 7114409 TI - Proliferation of the characteristic histiocyte of histiocytosis X in the skin. AB - The proliferation of the characteristic histiocyte of histiocytosis X in the skin of a patient with localized lesions of Hand-Schuller-Christian disease has been studied by counting cells in mitosis and cells that incorporated tritiated thymidine. The mitotic index was very low although about one-quarter of the cells were synthesizing DNA. In the deep dermis, many eosinophils were associated with a decreased tendency of the characteristic cells to synthesize DNA. We conclude that in this patient with a localized type of histiocytosis X, the characteristic cells are stimulated to enter the S phase when they are situated close to the epidermis, but there is no evidence that they divide in the skin subsequently. PMID- 7114411 TI - Histiocytes, fibrocytes, and facultative transformations. PMID- 7114410 TI - Electron microscopy. Ultrastructural observations of the extracellular sheath of dermal melanocytes in the nevus of Ota. AB - Under the electron microscope, we studied dermal melanocytes in lesions of six cases of nevus of Ota and also those in common blue nevus and in nevus caeruleus tardus associated with progressive systemic sclerosis. An extracellular sheath surrounded most of the dermal melanocytes in nevus of Ota in four patients ages 21, 22, 25, and 30, but not those in two younger patients ages 9 months and 10 years. Some dermal melanocytes possessed extracellular sheath as well as basal laminae. Some possessed only an extracellular sheath. The thickness of the extracellular sheath varied among dermal melanocytes. Not all dermal melanocytes possessed extracellular sheaths. In particular, only a small number of dermal melanocytes in the two younger patients possessed extracellular sheaths and these were thinner than those of the three older patients. Fibrous long-spacing collagen was recognized in some parts of the extracellular sheaths of dermal melanocytes. In contrast, dermal melanocytes in common blue nevus were not surrounded by either extracellular sheaths or basal laminae. Dermal melanocytes in nevus caeruleus tardus in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis were surrounded by thin extracellular sheaths, but not by basal laminae. The extracellular sheath is composed of fine filaments, 20-40 A in diameter, and appears to be derived from collagen. PMID- 7114412 TI - Lichen planus of the esophagus. PMID- 7114414 TI - Can you define benign and malignant cells histologically? PMID- 7114413 TI - Atheromatous embolization to the skin. AB - Atheromatous emboli were found in arterioles in the dermis of the ear of a 74 year-old man. This distinctive form of arteriosclerosis disease is well recognized as a cause of renal failure in nephropathology, but its significance is not sufficiently appreciated in dermatopathology. Atheromatous emboli may cause infarcts in the skin and biopsy of the skin may be a reliable method for diagnosis of systemic atheromatous emboli. PMID- 7114415 TI - A critique of the American and Canadian procedures of examination in dermatopathology. PMID- 7114416 TI - "Lumpy-bumpy" elastic fibers: a marker signifying long-term administration of penicillamine. PMID- 7114417 TI - Compact orthokeratosis of lichen planus. PMID- 7114418 TI - [Atmospheric pollens in the Federal District of Mexico]. PMID- 7114419 TI - [Clinical evaluation of primary immunodeficiencies]. PMID- 7114420 TI - The alcoholic patient and surgical stress. AB - In order to find out how the response to operative trauma is influenced by chronic alcohol consumption, 53 patients (28 alcoholics and 25 non-alcoholics) were investigated. The chronic alcoholic was defined as a person having a regular, daily alcohol consumption of over 70 g pure alcohol for at least 3 years. The mean annual consumption in the patients studied was 52 litres pure alcohol (143 ml/day). The investigation was also designed to determine whether the pre-operative infusion of alcohol could prevent the withdrawal syndrome and in that way alter the stress response. The results clearly showed a diminished adrenocortical response to surgical stress in alcoholic patients. While it was possible to suppress some catecholamine-mediated withdrawal symptoms by pre operative alcohol infusion this did not influence the stress response in any way. It is concluded that complications under anaesthesia and in convalescence in alcoholic patients are not only the consequence of the withdrawal but rather of the general toxic effects of alcohol especially on the endocrine and metabolic functions. PMID- 7114421 TI - Plasma potassium after halothane--suxamethonium induction in children. AB - The changes in plasma potassium following inhalation induction of anaesthesia with halothane followed by suxamethonium were studied in 48 normal children aged 1 to 10 years. Highly significant increases were found in both age groups studied (5 years and under, and 6 to 10 years). The mean percentage increase in plasma potassium and the proportion of children in whom an increase of 0.4 mmol/litre or greater was found, were both greater than in an earlier study on children after thiopentone induction and suxamethonium. PMID- 7114422 TI - Caudal analgesia in children. Five hundred cases for procedures below the diaphragm. AB - The author's first 300 caudal anaesthetics in children up to the age of 10 years are reviewed. Emphasis is laid upon sedation, both by premedication and by the anaesthetic technique. Nearly all the children were anaesthetised briefly for the sacral injection. Despite high levels of blockade, cardiovascular stability was well maintained, particularly in the younger children. There was a good correlation between volume of injection per unit of body weight and level of blockade. Dosage can be calculated on this basis for operations on the perineum, lower and groin with 97 to 98% confidence. The volume of solution appeared to be more important than its concentration in determining extent of blockade. PMID- 7114423 TI - Accidental deep hypothermia due to exposure. AB - Two cases of deep hypothermia due to exposure to cold are described. Although the underlying mechanism and degree of hypothermia were comparable, there was a striking dissimilarity between the observed disturbances of body homeostasis, response to rewarming technique, clinical course and outcome in the two cases. The first case was severely acidotic. She was rewarmed by immersion in warm water, but died from an acute cerebrovascular accident. The second case was moderately intoxicated by alcohol and revealed few disturbing features. She was treated by the use of thermal mattresses and survived without complications. PMID- 7114424 TI - Respiratory obstruction of unusual origin. An unexpected hazard of leisure-time activity. PMID- 7114427 TI - Mean intravascular pressure without tears. Simultaneous recording of the unfiltered pressure curve, and of mean pressure. PMID- 7114425 TI - Airflow obstruction after smoke inhalation. PMID- 7114426 TI - Uncalibrated anaesthetic scavenging systems with open reservoirs. An assessment in Danish hospitals. PMID- 7114428 TI - A postoperative pain recorder. A patient-controlled recording device for assessing postoperative pain. PMID- 7114429 TI - Diagnosis of reflex sympathetic dysfunction. Use of the skin potential response. PMID- 7114430 TI - Mortality associated with anesthesia. PMID- 7114432 TI - Anaesthesia in the North West Frontier Province of Pakistan. PMID- 7114431 TI - The anaesthetist and the obstetric department. AB - The author retired from active practice as a consultant anesthetist in the British National Health Service during 1980 at the age of 60. He kept a detailed diary for the last full year as a consultant. One of the editors suggested that the diary, augmented by his considered views culled from the experiences of a professional lifetime, could form the basis of a series of essays on various aspects of the life and practice of a consultant anesthetist during the second half of the twentieth century. This essay considers the special and increasing responsibility of the anaesthetist in the obstetric department, both for the provision of analgesia in the labour ward and anaesthesia for operative obstetrics, and a link between others who are vitally concerned in the provision of safe perinatal care for both mother and child. PMID- 7114433 TI - Cardiac output changes during Caesarean section. PMID- 7114434 TI - Malignant hyperpyrexia? PMID- 7114436 TI - High block after intrathecal bupivacaine. PMID- 7114435 TI - Paraplegia following epidural analgesia. PMID- 7114437 TI - The limitations of the Shiley Pressure Relief Adaptor. PMID- 7114438 TI - Airway obstruction due to a foreign body. PMID- 7114439 TI - [Comparative studies in the use of adult circle systems for the operative ventilation of children of all ages (author's transl)]. AB - A modified adult circle system with Latexspiral tubing of 110 cm total length and internal diameter 10.5 mm, and a "Y" piece with a small dead space was investigated in vitro, in animal experiments and then in the clinic with respect to its usefulness in paediatric anaesthetics. The Kuhn- and Paedi-systems were taken as comparisons. The in-vitro experiments using a lung model that we have developed showed that rebreathing could be excluded with this circle-system. Clinical experiments on young piglets of weight between 4.5 and 5.0 kg with arterial blood gas estimations during spontaneous respiration, assisted and controlled ventilation, were carried out in order to compare these three systems. Every animal was subjected to all three types of system, and hence served as its own control. No impairment of ventilation was found during use of the circle system. Clinical studies on intubated babies of bodyweight between 4.3 and 8.9 kg who were breathing spontaneously during light general anaesthesia showed no alterations in either the continuously measured transcutaneous pO2 or in the capillary blood gas values taken at the end of each period of observation. Findings which were independent of the sequence in which the systems were applied. As above, each child served as its own control. These studies show that simply by changing the tubing and "Y"-piece of an adult circle system, it becomes suitable for children of all ages. PMID- 7114441 TI - [Pulmonary fibrosis following ARDS. Case report of successful intensive therapy (author's transl)]. AB - The course of the illness of a 56 year old female patient is reported, who is still surviving one and a half years after developing advanced, presumably progressive, so called "shock-lung syndrome". Following two episodes of hemorrhagic shock due to intestinal hemorrhage and post-operative secondary hemorrhage, interstitial lung edema developed, which was resistant to therapy. During the following weeks this was followed by bronchopneumonia with symptoms of sepsis persisting over several weeks. Between the third and seventh week of artificial ventilation X-ray of the lungs showed significant progressive changes of the interstitial tissues. This correlated with a progressive deterioration in gas exchange for O2 and CO2, which reached its peak in the seventh week with a paO2 of 71 mm Hg at a FIO2 = 1 and a paCO2 of 68 mm Hg at a minute volume of 15,51. The compliance of lung and thorax was severely reduced at 19 m1/cm H2O. At this apparently unfavourable time the patient was weaned off the respirator, and subsequently, over a period of three weeks, from oxygen insufflation. After eleven weeks of therapy, transfer to the medical ward was possible, with discharge from the hospital following three weeks later. The lung function tests at the time of discharge revealed a high grade reduction of all lung volumes and capacities without a significant obstructive component. The findings have shown a definite improvement during the following one and a half years. In retrospect the polypragmatic intensive therapy measures do not allow valid generalised therapeutic guidelines to be derived. We conclude, however, from this single observation, that therapeutic nihilism is not justified even in a progressive shock-lung syndrome which appears clinically and radiologically to be at an "irreversible" end stage. PMID- 7114440 TI - [Smooth induction of anaesthesia in children by means of oral or rectal ketamine dehydrobenzperidol application (author's transl)]. AB - 469 anesthetics for children were divided into 6 groups to investigate the possibility of oral or rectal administration of ketamine in comparison with intravenous or intramuscular injection and N2O:O2:halothane anesthesia. The criteria investigated were smooth induction, oropharyngeal secretion and sufficiency of whole anesthetic sequence. It was concluded that 15 mg/kg ketamine and additional droperidol by the rectal route gave the best results. Furthermore, atropine premedication appeared not to be mandatory. PMID- 7114442 TI - Assay of the enzymatic hydrolysis of pantetheine. PMID- 7114443 TI - Prediction of the pH dependence of the separation of weak electrolytes by ion exchange: amino acid chromatography with competitive buffer ion eluents. PMID- 7114444 TI - A highly sensitive assay for S-adenosylmethionine by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7114445 TI - New reagents for the introduction of the thiomethyl group at sulfhydryl residues of proteins with concomitant spectrophotometric titration of the sulfhydryls: methyl 3-nitro-2-pyridyl disulfide and methyl 2-pyridyl disulfide. PMID- 7114446 TI - Ethane exhalation as an index of in vivo lipid peroxidation: concentrating ethane from a breath collection chamber. PMID- 7114448 TI - Substitution of polybuffer for ampholytes in isoelectric focusing. PMID- 7114447 TI - Reduction of N-acetyl methionine sulfoxide: a simple assay for peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase. PMID- 7114449 TI - Peptide mapping of protein bands from polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis by chemical cleavage in gel pieces and re-electrophoresis. PMID- 7114450 TI - Solid-phase radioimmunoassay for estimation of elastin peptides in human sera. PMID- 7114451 TI - A more sensitive assay for histone deacetylase. PMID- 7114454 TI - A critical reexamination of the continuous spectrophotometric assay for adenosine deaminase. PMID- 7114455 TI - Purification technique for enhancement of field desorption mass spectra of phospholipids. PMID- 7114452 TI - Rapid and efficient preparation of free amino acids from strong acid salts on columns of crosslinked poly-4-vinylpyridine. PMID- 7114453 TI - High-sensitivity amino acid sequence determination of radioactive proteins made in vivo or in vitro. PMID- 7114456 TI - Radiation inactivation of enzymes at low dose rates: identical molecular weights of rat liver cytosolic and lysosomal neuraminidases. PMID- 7114457 TI - A sensitive bioluminescent immunoassay for dinitrophenol and trinitrotoluene. PMID- 7114458 TI - An automatic analytical system for quantitative determination of uremic middle molecules. PMID- 7114459 TI - Analysis of metallonucleoside hydrolysis by high-pressure liquid chromatography. PMID- 7114460 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of peptides on a macroreticular cation exchange resin: application to peptide mapping of Bence--Jones proteins. PMID- 7114461 TI - The detection of tritium-labeled ligands and their carrier proteins using a multiwire proportional counter. PMID- 7114462 TI - An "all-speed" autocalibration method for sedimentation equilibrium in dilute homogeneous and multicomponent solutions. I. Theory, a computation scheme, and verification by computer-simulated experiments. PMID- 7114463 TI - Quantitative determination of allantoin in biological fluids by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. PMID- 7114464 TI - An "all-speed" autocalibration method for sedimentation equilibrium in dilute homogeneous and multicomponent solution. II. Determination of molecular weights of proteins. PMID- 7114465 TI - Rapid analysis of labeled globin chains without acetone precipitation or dialysis by high-pressure liquid chromatography and ion-exchange chromatography. PMID- 7114466 TI - Analysis of sperm antigens by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel/protein blot radioimmunobinding method. PMID- 7114467 TI - Identification of concanavalin A-binding proteins after sodium dodecyl sulfate- gel electrophoresis and protein blotting. PMID- 7114468 TI - A direct method for the visualization of glutathione S-transferase activity in polyacrylamide gels. PMID- 7114469 TI - Isolation and quantitation of DNA-bound benzo(a)pyrene metabolites: comparison of hydroxyapatite and precipitation procedures. PMID- 7114470 TI - A spectrophotometric determination of protein immobilized to affinity gels. PMID- 7114471 TI - Purification of haptoglobin from rat serum. PMID- 7114472 TI - A nonincinerative rate-sensing method for the determination of iodine in iodoproteins. PMID- 7114473 TI - Separation of angiotensins by high-performance liquid chromatography on a weak anion-exchange bonded phase. PMID- 7114474 TI - Nycodenz: a new nonionic iodinated gradient medium. PMID- 7114476 TI - A novel procedure for determining protein concentrations from absorption spectra of enzyme digests. PMID- 7114475 TI - Separation and quantitation of purines and their anaerobic and aerobic degradation products by high-pressure liquid chromatography. PMID- 7114478 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of N,O-acylated sialic acids. PMID- 7114477 TI - Use of D-glucosaminic acid as an internal standard in single-column accelerated amino acid analysis of physiological fluids. PMID- 7114479 TI - Dialysis of small samples in agarose gels. PMID- 7114480 TI - Isolation of strontium-90, yttrium-90, promethium-147, and cerium-144 from wet ashed urine by calcium oxalate coprecipitation and sequential solvent extraction. PMID- 7114481 TI - Electrochemical assay for brain ascorbate with ascorbate oxidase. PMID- 7114482 TI - The distribution of crossed and uncrossed optic fibers in the different layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus in the tree shrew (Tupaia glis). AB - The laminar distribution of crossed and uncrossed optic fibers was studied in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in the tree shrew (Tupaia glis) following unilateral enucleation. For the investigation of the termination of optic fibers the transneuronal degeneration method and experimental EM were employed. By using formvar film-coated slot grids, all six layers of the LGN could be studied in a single ultrathin section. Degeneration of crossed optic fibers was observed in layers 1, 3, 4 and 5 of the contralateral LGN. The uncrossed retinofugal fibers supply layers 2 and 6 of the LGN. The degeneration in layer 4 was less pronounced than that in the other layers. Ipsilateral and contralateral optic fibers were well separated. Filamentous as well as dark types of degeneration were found in the LGN after enucleation. The optic terminals (RL boutons) were seen only in the synaptic glomeruli. PMID- 7114483 TI - Biomechanical changes in long limb bones of HAN-Wistar rats during postnatal development. AB - From a total of 648 male and 638 female HAN-Wistar rats the bones of 12 males and 12 females were examined at seven week intervals from the 35th to the 1129th day after birth. Biomechanical properties of the femora, tibiae and humeri were defined in a bending test using a tension testing machine. Load deflection diagrams in bending were produced, and the values of maximum bending load, bending breaking load, maximum deflection and ultimate deflection were correlated to age, body weight and bone length. The mean values of weight, bone length and biomechanical data are significantly higher in male rats. In both sexes biomechanical properties show a clear dependence on age. Up to the age of 330 days the tibia is more flexible than the femur or humerus. Values of partial correlation coefficients demonstrate that weight exerts more influence on the biomechanical properties of bones than age or bone length. With increasing weight, the loading capacity of bones rises in both sexes. PMID- 7114484 TI - Development of the larval lung of Salamandra salamandra l. A scanning and transmission electron microscopic study. PMID- 7114485 TI - The origin of olivary afferents from the central grey and its surroundings in the cat. AB - The olivary afferents from the mesencephalic central grey and its surroundings have been studied in cats in which microinjections of horseradish peroxidase have been made into the inferior olive from a ventral approach. Retrogradely labelled cells are present in the ventral part of the central grey, the nucleus of Darkschewitsch (especially its ventral part), the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, the interstitial nucleus of Cajal and the reticular formation between the red nucleus and the central grey. The projection is ipsilateral and the heaviest contribution of afferents is derived from the interstitial nucleus of Cajal. The findings indicate that the afferents from the mesencephalic reticular formation to the inferior olive probably are collaterals of fibres terminating dorsally to the olive or passing to the spinal cord. The observations are discussed and related to previous experimental studies in the cat. PMID- 7114486 TI - The ultrastructural development of distal nephron segments in the human fetal kidney. PMID- 7114487 TI - Embryonic brain-growth in a dolphin. PMID- 7114488 TI - Differentiation of muscle fiber types in the teleost Brachydanio rerio, the zebrafish. Posthatching development. AB - The trunk musculature of adult zebrafishes contains three major fiber types: adult red, intermediate, and white; and two minor populations: red muscle rim and scattered intermediate fibers. In this paper, the post hatching development of these muscle fiber types was studied by means of immunohistochemistry, using anti myosin sera. Just hatched larvae contain two muscle fiber populations: embryonic red and white, which give rise to the red muscle rim and the intermediate fibers respectively. Adult red fibers arise post hatching as a new separate population with distinct myosin properties. The differentiation of these fiber types occurs within the first four weeks after fertilization, when the adult pattern of peripheral axon bundles has become established. Differences in the muscle fiber type composition between the midbody and the tail myotomes become apparent in two month old fries. The number of scattered intermediate fibers increases from rostral to caudal, the opposite holds for the red muscle rim fibers. The red and intermediate area is triangular in the midbody; in the tail part it is stretched out along the lateral surface of the myotomes. These changes are considered as adaptations to improve the efficiency of the swimming performance. PMID- 7114489 TI - Effects of immobilization and partial denervation on the differentiation of muscle fiber types in the Zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio. AB - In this study we tested the effects of immobilization and of spinal cord lesion on the differentiation of muscle fiber types in the myotomal muscle of the zebrafish. We found that the differentiation of embryonic red and white muscle fibers occurs in immobilized as well as in denervated myotomes of zebrafish embryos. Intermediate and adult red muscle fibers are not formed in denervated myotomes of larvae. Adult zebrafishes with spinal cord lesions in the anal region show abnormal undulating movements in the rostral part of the body. This change in muscle activity correlates with an increase in the number of intermediate scattered fibers. We conclude that direct contact with spinal cord motorneurons is not necessary for the differentiation of embryonic red and white fibers. The differentiation of intermediate muscle fibers is under extrinsic control. The factors that determine the formation of adult red fibers are not yet clear. PMID- 7114490 TI - Temporo-nasal asymmetry in the accretion of retinal ganglion cells in late larval and postmetamorphic Xenopus. AB - The spatial pattern of cell production and retinal growth were studied in Xenopus between stage 60 and two months after metamorphosis using 3H-proline and 3H thymidine autoradiography. The position and the number of the ganglion cells labelled with 3H-thymidine were determined. The area of the unlabelled retina due to growth since 3H-proline administration at stage 60 was measured. Both retinal area measurements and counts of labelled ganglion cells showed 30-40% higher values in the temporal than in the nasal retinal half. The greater cell production and area accretion were even more pronounced between the temporal and the nasal retinal quadrants. The results on the temporoventral crescentic retinal growth rule out the possibility that from midlarval stages onwards the retinal and the tectal growth patterns are matched. PMID- 7114491 TI - Olivary afferents from the raphe nuclei as studied with retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. AB - The afferent projection to the olive from the raphe nuclei in the cat has been studied in animals where microinjections of horseradish peroxidase have been made into the inferior olive from a ventral approach. Retrogradely labelled cells were present in the three caudal most raphe nuclei: the nucleus raphe pallidus, obscurus and magnus. The retrogradely labelled cells are of all sizes, and there appears to be a higher concentration of cells on the side ipsilateral to the injection. The observations demonstrate that all three major subdivisions of the olive--the medial accessory, the dorsal accessory and the principal olive--all receive efferent raphe fibres. No retrogradely labelled cells were present in the other raphe nuclei. The findings are discussed and related to other tracer studies dealing with olivary afferents from the raphe complex. PMID- 7114492 TI - Effect of ovariectomy on longitudinal bone growth in the rat. AB - The effect of ovariectomy on longitudinal bone growth was studied in growing rats. The operation was performed at ages 20, 40, and 60 days. Sham operations were made at age 40 days. At different postoperative intervals, the growth rate was determined with the tetracycline technique, and the width of the growth plate was registered. After a slight initial retardation, the growth rate after ovariectomy was significantly greater than in normal rats during a 40-60 day period. During the same period, the growth plate was wider. The increase in growth rate was greater and more rapid if ovariectomy was performed in older animals. The results indicate that ovariectomy increases longitudinal bone growth and that longitudinal bone growth and skeletal maturation depend less on ovarial function in young animals than that in more mature animals. PMID- 7114494 TI - Degranulation of endothelial specific granules of the toad aorta after treatment with compound 48/80. AB - Incubation of isolated toad aortas in Ringer solution containing compound 48/80, a histamine liberator, resulted in marked degranulation of endothelial specific granules. Since incubation of these vessels in Ringer solution only did not show significant morphologic changes in these granules, these findings suggest that the degranulation was induced by histamine release from the granules, as in the case for mast cell degranulation, and that endothelial specific granules are a storage site of histamine in the toad aorta. The present morphologic data were supported by preliminary chromatography, which showed appreciable concentrations of histamine in the granule-containing pellets of subcellular fractions of homogenized toad aortas. PMID- 7114493 TI - Association of sympathetic axons in denervated hippocampus to intracerebral vasculature. I. Fluorescence histochemistry combining glyoxylic acid and pontamine sky blue. AB - Combining glyoxylic acid and pontamine sky blue fluorescence methods allows simultaneous visualization of catecholamine fibers and the intra-hippocampal vascular bed. The normal noradrenergic innervation of the hippocampal formation is not closely associated with the vasculature in any region. However, following lesions of the septo-hippocampal fibers, norepinephrine-containing sympathetic fibers course along the penetrating arterioles into the parenchyma of regio inferior and the area dentata. Within the respective cell layers, the anomalous sympathetic axons collateralize freely, thus suggesting a dual relationship with the vasculature and with the neuropil of selective hippocampal zones. PMID- 7114495 TI - A comparative study of osteoclasts: in situ versus smear specimens. AB - Osteoclasts residing on rims and walls of bony concavities on remodeling proximal tibia from growing rats were examined by light microscopy following stripping of the periosteal connective tissue layer. Comparison of these cells in situ and after transfer to glass slides revealed the presence of numerous mononucleate osteoclasts, as well as typical multinucleate forms, all exhibiting a ruffled border and acid phosphatase and succinic dehydrogenase activity. Macrophage-like cells were situated adjacent to osteoclasts in situ. Osteoblasts were relatively inconspicuous. The possibility that the basic functional osteoclast unit is a mononucleate cell is discussed. PMID- 7114496 TI - Evolution of Sertoli cell processes invading the cytoplasm of rat spermatids. AB - Sertoli cell processes invaginating the cytoplasm of rat spermatids were investigated in thin or thick sections stained respectively with ferrocyanide reduced osmium (Karnovsky, 1971) and the Ur-Pb-Cu metallic impregnation method (Thiery and Rambourg, 1976). Two types of Sertoli cell processes were observed: Some, seen in steps 11-15 of spermiogenesis, were associated with a tight network of ER cisternae located within the spermatid cytoplasm subjacent to the plasma membrane facing the Seertoli cell process; others, seen from step 11 until the end of spermiogenesis, were not associated with such a spermatid subsurface ER network. Following their formation, the ER-associated Sertoli cell processes were cleaved into double-walled vesicles. Concomitantly, the enclosed Sertoli cell cytoplasm underwent autolysis followed by the dissolution of the Sertoli cell plasma membrane leaving within the spermatid cytoplasm many empty-looking vacuoles delimited only by the plasma membrane of the spermatid. Thereafter, i.e., in steps 15 and 16 of spermiogenesis, these vacuoles clustered, and with the collapse of the vacuoles they gave rise to a single compact mass of interlaced ER cisternae and small vacuoles. With the dissolution of ER cisternae, in step 18, this mass was finally dispersed. These observations suggested that the ER-associated Sertoli cell processes may constitute a pathway for the delivery of material from the Sertoli cells into spermatids. In contrast, the Sertoli cell processes not associated with a network of ER cisternae did not show cleavage or autolysis and appear to be involved mainly in holding the cytoplasm of the spermatid in place. PMID- 7114498 TI - Whole population cell kinetics of mouse duodenal, jejunal, ileal, and colonic epithelia as determined by radioautography and flow cytometry. PMID- 7114497 TI - Distribution of progesterone in the uterus, broad ligament, and uterine arteries of beef cows. AB - Samples of uterine horn, broad ligament (mesosalpinx and mesometrium), and uterine artery of ten unilaterally ovulating cows, 12-15 days after mating, were examined for differences in concentration of progesterone. Tissues (mesosalpinx, branches of the uterine artery, anterior uterine horn) adjacent to the ovary bearing the corpus luteum contained significantly greater quantities of progesterone than more distal tissues (mesometrium, uterine artery, posterior uterine horn) on the same side and all tissues on the contralateral side. In tissues on the side ipsilateral to the corpus luteum, a gradient of progesterone existed. Differences in tissue concentrations of progesterone may be the cause of observed differences in uterine physiology in the cow and ewe. PMID- 7114500 TI - Development of neuroepithelial bodies in pre- and postnatal mouse lungs: scanning electron microscopic study. AB - The development of pulmonary neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs) in pre- and postnatal mice were studied with scanning electron microscope. In the fetuses, at 17 days' gestation, the NEBs were recognized as slight epithelial elevations covered by developing Clara cells. At 18 days, the small apical surfaces of the specialized cells began to be exposed to the bronchiolar lumen. At 19 days (full term), numerous microvilli-covered surfaces of the specialized cells were located between the dome-shaped Clara cells. At this stage, the boundary of the NEBs was well outlined by the developing ciliated cells. In the postnatal animals, the surface structure of the specialized cells remained the same as that of the 19 day fetuses, but the modified Clara cells gradually became wide and flat. In older mice, some NEBs formed obvious spherical mounds projecting into the bronchiolar lumen. The rapid differentiation of the microvillar projections on the surfaces of the specialized cells shortly before birth should provide the animals ample surface area to make contact with the airway contents. PMID- 7114499 TI - Pulmonary alveolar pores and alveolar macrophage-mediated particle clearance. AB - Pulmonary alveolar macrophages (AM) are considered to have an essential role in alveolar clearance of particles. The AM occupy only a small portion of the alveolar surface and their number is probably lower than the number of alveoli. Even at realistic experimental exposures the number of deposited particles, which are distributed all over the lung surface, is orders of magnitude higher than the number of AM. Phagocytosis of deposited particles, however, is being accomplished rapidly within hours. Based on microscopic evidence, we suggest that alveolar pores serve as important passageways for AM by shortening the distance between particles and AM. Accordingly, the pores of Kohn may, in part, lend efficiency to the in vivo particle collection by AM. PMID- 7114501 TI - A radiographic study of the longitudinal growth of primary ossification centers in limb long bones of the human fetus. AB - This paper describes an extensive study of the growth of ossification centers in limb long bones of the human fetus from 8 to 26 weeks of conceptual age. Longitudinal measurements were made of the femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, radius, and ulna. Comparisons were made between bones on the left and right sides of the body and between the sexes. Standards are presented for the growth of these centers. They compare well with previous studies, any differences being accounted for by different methods of aging and measurement. A complicated picture of growth of the two sides of the fetal body is presented. Growth of the humerus, tibia, and fibula appears to be dominant on the left side of the body while growth in the femur is dominant on the right. At present, no explanation is available, but it is possible that factors such as manual dominance may be related. Evidence also is presented which suggests that the female fetus is in advance of the male in terms of ossification but only ater 21 weeks gestation. PMID- 7114502 TI - A new plastic for morphometric investigation of blood vessels, especially in large organs such as the human liver. AB - In this paper a technique is described, using Araldite CY 223 and hardener HY 2967 as injection material, for preparing corrosion casts or histological sections. The plastic has a viscosity (at 39-40 degrees C) similar to that of blood, a gelling time of approximately 17 min (at 40 degrees C), and an exothermic transition energy of delta H = 80.28 +/- 3.20 cal/gm. The influence of the plastic on the tissue is discussed. The histological sectioning of fixed tissue containing Araldite-filled blood vessels after embedding in 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (GMA) is described. When using GMA in a modification of the mixtures of Ruddell (1967) and Sims (1974), methylbenzoate is recommended as an intermedium in order to obtain a more uniform infiltration and reproducible section thickness. At the same time methylbenzoate is recommended as a storing fluid. Sections of 2-3 micrometers afford satisfying morphologic and morphometric results. This method allows various arterial wall dimensions to be measured easily, and provides a suitable means to compare histometric values with SEM data derived from corrosion casts. PMID- 7114503 TI - Isolation of ureaplasma urealyticum from seminal plasma in relation to sperm antibody levels and sperm motility. PMID- 7114506 TI - Some characteristics of split human semen of various sperm densities. PMID- 7114504 TI - Relation between motility and adenosinetriphosphate (ATP) in human spermatozoa. PMID- 7114505 TI - Corticosteroid therapy in case of immunologic infertility--a preliminary report. AB - Six couples with immunologic infertility were treated with corticosteroids. In five patients prednisone 5 mg three times daily were used and in one patient methylprednisolone 96 mg daily for seven days. The duration of therapy varied from two to eleven months before any positive results occurred. In five patients the serum antibody titre declined significantly and three pregnancies resulted. In the two cases where the serum antibody titre declined, but the SCMC test did not improve, pregnancy did not result. The follow-up SCMC test after completion of therapy may have more prognostic value than the serum sperm antibody estimations. PMID- 7114507 TI - Antifertility efficacy of gossypol acetic acid in male rats. AB - Fertility response and sperm motility of male Wistar rats exposed to various concentrations (2.5 - 30 mg / kg / day) of gossypol acetic acid (GAA) was studied. GAA was given orally. A marked reduction in fertility occurred when rats received more than 15 mg / kg / day of GAA for 5 - 10 weeks (p less than 0.01); dosage below 15 mg had no antifertility effect even after 20 weeks. There is some evidence that GAA administration (30 mg / kg) every other day for 10 weeks had no antifertility effect. A clear relationship between the inhibition of sperm motility and GAA administration was observed (p less than 0.01). The interrelationships between fertility, sperm motility and GAA treatment were analyzed by Yates' chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. PMID- 7114508 TI - [Evidence of bacteria in ejaculate]. AB - Infections caused by bacteria strike primarily the prostate and vesical glands, and secondarily the epididymis. Essential first is to give evidence of bacteria in germ numbers exceeding 10(5) pro ml ejaculate. In addition, the diagnosis of prostatitis requires the demonstration of other signs of infection, for example increased numbers of leukocytes in the ejaculate, in the prostatic secretion and in the urine; the clinical symptoms in relation to these indicators are not necessarily characteristic. It is essential for the microbiological diagnostic, that evidence of all the germs be found in native material. It is therefore necessary to first disinfect the external urethral orifice and the glans penis, in order to avoid super-imposition of germs from the surroundings. Every demonstration of bacteria must be connected with a determination of resistance. The relationships between the ejaculate parameters which deviate from the norm, and evidence of bacteria in ejaculate are unclear. Reports about disturbances in spermatozoa motility or morphology during infections of the adnexa of man are to be evaluated with care. PMID- 7114509 TI - [Total thoracic compliance. Determination by calculator and comparison with values obtained with the syringe method (author's transl)]. AB - The performance of a calculator was studied on 19 patients requiring therapy with mechanical ventilation. Values of total compliance displayed by this calculator device were compared with values obtained with the syringe method. The determination of compliance were made at a series of values for Tidal volume (T. V.): 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 18, 20, 23 and 26 ml.kg-1. Measurements were performed while patients were paralysed by pancuronium bromide. In each patient the calculator device displayed values that correlate closely with the value obtained by the syringe method. Compliance increased between 3 and 26 ml.kg-1 of T. D. Between 4 and 15 ml.kg-1 of TD the changes of compliance were nearly identical whatever the method of measurement used. The calculator can be used for reliable monitoring or recordings of total compliance. PMID- 7114510 TI - [Comparison of halothane and enflurane on the pulmonary compliance (author's transl)]. AB - The peroperative pulmonary compliance in spontaneous ventilation is studied in two series of ten anesthetized patients with halothane and enflurane, in closed system. The tidal volumes (inspiratory and expiratory at noflow point) are recorded by pneumotachograph (Godard 17212). The intrathoracic to mouth differential pressure is recorded by pressograph (Godard 17300). The measurements are simultaneously realized by linear recorder (Brush gould 2500) or by XY recorder (Bryans 26000 A4). At the second hour of anaesthesia with enflurane pulmonary compliance is not modified (non significant increase to 11,5 p. cent: 0,3 less than P less than 0,2) while with halothane it shows a very significant 25 p. cent decrease (0,001 less than P less than 0,01). The authors relate this difference to the specific feature of breathing in the course of such an anaesthesia with enflurane. PMID- 7114511 TI - [Circulatory disturbances during anaesthesia. A computer-aided analysis of 150,000 anaesthetic records 1967-1977 of the Karolinska hospital (Stockholm) (author's transl)]. AB - The computerized anaesthetic record-keeping system at the Karolinska hospital at present (1980) contains anaesthetic records from approximately 200,000 cases. In order to evaluate the importance of circulatory disturbances during routine anaesthetic work, all records from 1967-1977 were searched for notes concerning complications. 5,996 anaesthetics were thus retrieved, having a total of 7,296 complications. This corresponds to an overall frequency of slightly more than 4 p. cent. Circulatory disturbances amounted to approximately 10 p. cent of all complications. Arrhythmias were common. Serious troubles i. e. circulatory arrests were very rare and these cases were studied individually. Differences in the frequency of complications as correlated to the preanaesthetic status of the patient including the risk group and diagnosis could be demonstrated. It is concluded that circulatory complications during anaesthesia exhibit patterns that can be analyzed from data collected during routine anaesthetic work provided a computerized anaesthetic record-keeping system is used. PMID- 7114512 TI - [Advantage of nicergoline after cardiac surgery in an adult (author's transl)]. AB - Hemodynamic effects of nicergoline injected by intravenous route were studied in 43 patients early after open-heart operations. A serial witnesses has been compared with 5 other groups for which the posologies were increased. Catheterisms of radial artery and pulmonary artery allows the measuring of systolic arterial pressure (SP), right atrial pressure (RAP), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) and cardiac index (CI). The heart rate (HR) was noticed. The systemic vascular resistance (SVR), the stroke index (SI) and the left ventricular stroke work index (SWI) were calculated. The results were statistically analysed by the Student test. After injection of a bolus of 0,3 mg kg-1 by intravenous route, stable effects are obtained with a maintenance posology of 0,8 mg.kg-1.h-1. The SP diminishes by 20 p. cent (123 to 104 mm Hg; p less than 0,01). There is a loose of 16 p. cent from the RAP (9,5 to 8 mm Hg; p less than 0,05) and of 18 p. cent from the PCWP (16,5 to 13,5 mm Hg; NS). The HR decreases by 13 p. cent (97 to 81 syst. min.-1; p less than 0,05). The CI increases by 25 p. cent (2,2 to 2,75 1.min.-1m-2; p less than 0,01); the SI by 40 p. cent (35 to 35 ml beat-1m-2; p less than 0,01) and the SWI by 32 p. cent (27,5 to 36 g.m.m-2; p less than 0,05). We conclude from this investigation that nicergoline injected through intravenous route with an output of 0,8 mg.kg-1.h-1 mainly leads to afterload reduction. Thanks to its effect on the CI and on the HR as well as to its mild to moderate action, it is a clinical useful agent for primary or adjunctive therapy of postoperative low cardiac output. PMID- 7114513 TI - [Fentanyl-oxygen-pancuronium anaesthesia in cardiac surgery (author's transl)]. AB - A retrospective study of the anaesthetic records in cardiac surgical patients was undertaken: massive doses of fentanyl were used according to Stanley (29). The rate of drug administration was fentanyl 150 micrograms/kg for induction and 15 to 25 micrograms/kg/hour for maintenance, pancuronium bromide 0,1 mg/kg for induction and 0,015 mg/kg/hour for maintenance. Myocardial oxygen consumption (estimated by rate-pressure-product) during induction period remains constant. The oesophago-rectal temperature gradient is smaller than with other anaesthetic techniques, showing a very good perfusion homogeneity without the need of vasodilatator drugs. The temperature after-drop in the post bypass period is also reduced (less than 1,2 degrees C). The incidence of hemodynamic and rhythmic disturbances during operations and during the first post-operative day is lowered. Delayed respiratory autonomy appears to be the major drawback of this method (group 1: 25,30 h +/- 7,30 h; 30,20 h +/- 12,25 h; group 3: 21,15 h +/- 6,25 h). PMID- 7114514 TI - [Comparative study of effects of two contrasts media during ascending aorta angiograms. Incidence of anaesthesia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7114516 TI - [Curing trial of complicated oncologic pain by D-phenylalanine (author's transl)]. AB - Aim of investigations: Very often, chronic pain treatments used for the management of terminal ill cancer patients do not prevent acute or incident pain from coming up. For twenty months D-phenylalanine (DPA), an enkephalinase inhibitor, has been investigated in order to forestall this pain. METHODS: Nine caucasian patients, three males and six females, between forty-nine and seventy eight, were selected for this trial after informed consent. They were all undergoing severe incident pains related to complications (scabies, osteoporosis, painful cough or colic, Charley-Horse, RX-necrosis of skin or mucous membranes, etc) in spite of having their chronic pain component cured: phanol-rhizotomy: two cases, neuro-adrenolysis by alcohol: four cases, Brampton mixture: three cases. They were administered DPA, 250 mg three times a day for fifteen days, followed by a ten days pause, resumption and so on. RESULTS: Seven patients out of nine were alleviated and they never claimed for more or other analgesics until they died. Four of them got very good ataraxia during the same time (survival mean x = 99,33 days). No side effect was reported, even in patients taking Brampton mixture. CONCLUSIONS: DPA seems a useful drug to prevent acute or incident pain in malignant diseases. Our data point out the consequences the enkephalinases inhibitors will take up for the cure of intractable cancer pain. PMID- 7114515 TI - [Stress-ulcer. Prevention and therapy by cimetidine (author's transl)]. AB - Efficiency of cimetidine in therapy and prevention of stress ulcer has been tested in a double blind study with endoscopic examination at the time of inclusion and a week later. This study concerns forty patients with severe cerebral disorders and prolonged coma. In preventive group (20 subjects) we noticed 55 p. cent of success under placebo and 37 p. cent with cimetidine. In therapy group (20 subjects) cimetidine was not different from placebo (37,5 of success v. s. 41,25 p. cent). Two patients presented hematemesis. The relative failure of cimetidine in these patients is discussed and some explanations are envisaged. PMID- 7114517 TI - [Suxamethonium. Haemodynamic study in man excepting general anaesthesia (author's transl)]. AB - Haemodynamic effects of suxamethonium IV 1 mg/kg were studied in eight comatose, mechanicaly ventilated, normotensive patients. Drug interference, including atropine was avoid. A transitory but significant increase in heart rate and cardiac output (CO) was observed, respectively + 27 p. cent (p less than 0.02) and + 29 p. cent (p less than 0.025) at the first minute. Right auricular, pulmonary capillary wedge, and pulmonary arterial pressures increased significantly from the first to the eighth minute. Mean arterial blood pressure unsignificantly increased (+ 5 p. cent) wether systemic arterial resistance decreased from - 11 p. cent (p less than 0.02) at the first minute. No arrhythmia occurred throughout the study. In the conditions of this study suxamethonium induces an early and transient increase in CO. Both tachycardia and increased venous return can explain the rise in CO. Such an increase could be due to the transient abdominal hyperpressure, and can be one of the factors which explain the poor tolerance of suxamethonium in patients with heart failure. PMID- 7114519 TI - [A technique for sampling uncontaminated peripheral bronchial secretions in patients wih intubation or tracheostomy (author's transl)]. AB - Sixty patients were studied during non cardiac thoracic surgery. In 21,6 p. cent a culture of organism was isolated and for 53.8 p. cent of them developed a pneumonic process during postoperative period. The organism'role was confirmed by clinical correlation and an abnormal chent radiograph. The same organism was isolated in blood culture sputum or empyema. On the other side the patients with sterile cultures had always a favorable course. The results confirmed the interest of the method which would permit a prophylactic antibiotherapy. PMID- 7114520 TI - [Immunological safety in blood transfusion. Current practical rules (author's transl)]. AB - Immunological safety in blood transfusion necessitates good organization, on one hand in the department responsible for the reception of the patient, and on the other hand, in the immunohematological laboratory. Perfect cooperation between the clinicians and the biologists is indispensable. Four tests are essential to ensure the biological surveillance of blood transfusions: ABO and Rhesus (D) typing, screening of irregular agglutinins, the compatibility test and the final check at the patient's bed side. Justified indications for each examination and their perfect technical realization are the two conditions necessary for the success of blood transfusions, it is still very frequent to see these precise rules neglected. PMID- 7114518 TI - [Multipuncture system during anaesthesias with halothane. Technic in minor surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7114521 TI - [Ornidazole in digestive surgery and surgical intensive care (author's transl)]. AB - The authors test the effectiveness of ornidazole in digestive surgery and surgical reanimation. They emphasize the increased frequency of anaerobic bacteria and the role of beta-lactamine and aminoside antibiotics in the selection of these pathogens. Ornidazole was used for a one year period as either a curative or prophylactic treatment. The product is very well tolerated. During the year the authors noted a decreased frequency of bacteroides bacteremia. They highly recommend the association of penicillin G in traumatology to fight gram negative anaerobic bacilli and numerous gram positive bacteria. The association with gentamycin is justified in the presence of an anaerobic gram negative digestive flora. The use of third generation antibiotics has often proved to be futile. It is recommended that they be reserved for the most resistant organisms seen in primary extra-hospital infections. The prescription of ornidazole must procede and follow the surgical eradication of focal intra-abdominal infections, especially if it is an infection of appendicular origine. PMID- 7114522 TI - [Early acute pulmonary oedema happening during peritoneovenous by pass (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report the cases of two cirrhotic patients without cardiac failure who underwent peritoneo-venous bypass (Leveen valve). On the two cases an acute pulmonary oedema (APE) serious but not fatal was noted at the 36e hour. This one was associated with a rise of cardiac output and a moderate rise of the pulmonary wedge pressure (15-18 mm Hg). The administration of thiamine did not correct these perturbations but small doses of furosemide corrected the APE. Despite the low frequency of the cases of APE after Leveen bypass and their mechanism not definitevely known, the authors recommend in pre-, per- and post-operative period the monitoring of cardiac function with a right catheterism. PMID- 7114523 TI - [Interest of checking atrial pressures in the early post-operative period after total repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Correlations between right outflow patch across the pulmonary valve, duration of artificial ventilation and hemodynamic parameters (author's transl)]. PMID- 7114525 TI - [Thyrotoxicosis. Quick preparation to thyroidectomy by plasmapheresis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7114524 TI - [Bisalbuminemia (author's transl)]. AB - After a review of first two causes of bisalbuminemia: genetic mutation and overdosage during antibiotherapy with beta-lactamines, the authors underline the importance of searching for a bisalbuminemia during the course of pancreatic disease or when confronted with a serous collection, particularly an ascite of undetermined origin. Effectively, the finding of a bisalbuminemia in these two circumstances, after having eliminated the first two etiologies, permits the confirmation of the diagnostic of a pancreatic fistula. This diagnostic should imply exploratory surgery, even without other confirmation, and a per-op. wirsungography if the fistula is not visible macroscopically. The surgical correction of the fistula cures the patient and the bisalbuminemia disappears in several hours. PMID- 7114526 TI - [Acute neurological episode experienced twice after an IV injection of 0.2 mg of methylergonovine in a woman aged 34 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7114527 TI - [Arterial hypotension induced by artificial cardiac pacing under general anaesthesia (author's transl)]. AB - A case of haemodynamic decompensation is reported in a patient with a sick-sinus syndrome on a demand cardiac pacemaker, under-going surgery under general anaesthesia. While systemic arterial blood pressure showed adequate stability under the patient's own sinus drive, it consistently fell by 15 to 20 p. cent when artificial pacing was established. The possible mechanisms are discussed. The drop in arterial blood pressure with artificial pacing is probably due to the loss of the atrial contribution in maintaining adequate cardiac output. In the conscious patient, the resulting decrease in cardiac output is compensated by an increase in the peripheral resistance. Under general anaesthesia, this compensatory mechanism is lost, resulting in a drop in cardiac output and systemic arterial blood pressure. It needs to be emphasized therefore, that the patient who has a permanent pacemaker has significant under-lying cardiovascular disease and, that, continuous monitoring is indicated not only during surgery but also postoperatively until patient has stabilized. PMID- 7114528 TI - [Circulating anticoagulant and open heart surgery (author's transl)]. AB - Two patients presenting an unsettled mitral cardiopathy had to receive a valve replacement under cardiopulmonary by-pass in spite of a circulating anticoagulant with antiprothrombinase activity. A higher risk of thromboembolic trouble required an increase of heparin administration, under a strict biological control. Nevertheless both patients died: the first of coronary thrombosis, the second of cataclysmic bleeding, associated to severe and diffused thrombosis. Thus it is essential to insist upon the risk occurred by those patients and the difficulty of adaptation and control of heparin administration. PMID- 7114529 TI - [Transfusional accident by successive mistakes (author's transl)]. AB - A blood unit is transfused to a female patient, urgently. The names written on the form and on the vial are not identical. The determination of blood group is made by one person, instead of two, because the second one has been affected to a new hospital which is opening its doors. The only name of the vial is read. That is two mistakes. Thirdly, the blood grouping of the patient had already been realized, but is not looked for. Fourthly, the anaesthetist makes a wrong verification in the operating room. On the wrong blood unit was written the right name of the patient. No clinical symptoms appears during the intervention, on by oliguria 7 hours later. Haemodialysis. 13 days later the patient goes out in good health. PMID- 7114530 TI - [Flow control regulator. Evaluation during infusion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7114531 TI - [A simplified model of oxygen delivery to tissue (author's transl)]. PMID- 7114532 TI - [Peripheral circulatory effects of peridural anesthesia in pregnant women in labor]. PMID- 7114533 TI - [Alleviation of cardiac arrhythmia with propanidine]. PMID- 7114534 TI - [A case of hypersensitivity to atropine]. PMID- 7114535 TI - [A case of bronchial perforation caused by Carlens' tube]. PMID- 7114536 TI - Peripheral chemoreceptors during anesthesia: are the watchdogs sleeping? PMID- 7114538 TI - Paradoxical preservation of neural conduction by lidocaine. AB - The interaction of glucose lack and local anesthetic on impulse conduction was investigated in rabbit vagus nerve. Glucose lack depressed the compound action potential 50 per cent in 47 +/- 7 min (+/- SD, n = 5) and extinguished it in 69 +/- 7 min. Lidocaine hydrochloride, 0.1 mmol/1 (0.0027 g/dl), delayed the onset of inexcitability caused by glucose lack: 50 per cent depression required 85 +/- 9 min, extinction required 131 +/- 20 min (P less than 0.001). The delay decreased with lower and higher lidocaine concentrations. Lidocaine also significantly decreased the potassium loss and sodium gain occasioned by 2.5 h of glucose deprivation. Thus, delayed extinction of excitability by local anesthetic in very low concentration may be due to decrease in permeability of the axonal plasma membrane not only to sodium but also to potassium ions. PMID- 7114537 TI - Halothane depresses the response of carotid body chemoreceptors to hypoxia and hypercapnia in the cat. AB - Halothane is known to inhibit the ventilatory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia. In order to determine whether this inhibition was mediated by peripheral chemoreceptors, the authors measured the effect of halothane on the response of carotid body chemoreceptors to these stimuli. Cats were decerebrated under brief halothane anesthesia, paralyzed, and ventilated. Chemoreceptor activity was recorded from single- or few-fiber preparations of carotid sinus nerve, and the inspiratory drive was recorded from the whole phrenic nerve. Steady-state responses were measured at three levels of CO2 tension (19-92 mmHg) during hyperoxia, and at four levels of O2 tension (35-450 mmHg) at a fixed PaCO2. Both responses were measured before, during, and after 0.5-1.0 per cent halothane was inspired. The halothane inhalation was maintained for at least 30 min before the responses were obtained. Halothane reduced the slope of chemoreceptor response to hypercapnia to about 48 per cent of the control slope. The response to hypoxia was reduced to about 58 pr cent of the control response. The increase in firing after intravenous nicotine (100 micrograms), summed for 20 s, was reduced to 25 per cent of the prehalothane control values; that after NaCN (25 micrograms) was reduced to 17 per cent of the control value. The effect of halothane was prompt (half complete in 1-2 min) and reversible. This finding explains some of the inhibition of the ventilatory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia caused by halothane. PMID- 7114539 TI - Effect of halothane and N2O on the oxidative activity of human neutrophils. AB - The effect of clinically used concentrations of halothane and N2O on the microbicidal oxidative function of human neutrophils was investigated. Neutrophil oxidative activity was assessed utilizing the method of luminol dependent chemiluminescence (LDCL) by particulate (opsonized zymosn) and nonparticulate (phorbol myristate acetate, [PMA]) stimulated cells. In vivo exposure of neutrophils to 2 and 3% halothane resulted in a 13 and 40% inhibition, respectively of the air-exposed LDCL response with zymosan-activated neutrophils; 1% halothane had no effect. Similar results were seen with PMA-stimulated neutrophils. N2O 80% did not inhibit the LDCL response, and also did not show an additive inhibition when combined with halothane. Although th halothane inhibition of LDCL was reversible (equal to control, no anesthetic, LDCL responses following exposure to air), neutrophils treated with N2O plus halothane and then exposed to air for 30 min showed a significantly higher LDCL response over the control experiments. The inhibition of zymosan- or PMA-stimulated neutrophil LDCL by halothane suggests either a membrane perturbation or a direct inactivation of oxidative enzyme(s) by the anesthetic. This impairment of oxidative activity may partly explain the reduced bacterial killing by neutrophils seen after exposure to halothane. PMID- 7114540 TI - Anesthetic influence on arteriolar diameters and tissue oxygen tension in hemorrhaged rats. AB - Arteriolar diameters and tissue oxygen tensions were measured in the cremaster muscles of 68 hemorrhaged rats which were anesthetized with either intramuscular ketamine, 125 mg/kg, plus 30 mg/kg supplements as needed, or enflurane, 2.2% inspired. Animals breathed room air, or room air plus enflurane, throughout the experiments. Arterioles in the cremaster muscle were identified according to successive orders of branching, and the internal diameters of first-, third-, and fourth-order vessels were measured at 30-s intervals. Cremaster muscle oxygen tension was measured polarographically with platinum-iridium microelectrodes. Mean arterial pressure was controlled at 30-35 mmHg during 30 min of hemorrhage, and maximum shed blood volumes were similar (2.6 ml/100 g) in both groups. Principal responses to hemorrhage in rats receiving enflurane were 1) constriction in first-, third-, and fourth-order arterioles, and 2) tissue hypoxia. In hemorrhaged rats receiving ketamine, the constrictor response to hemorrhage either was diminished (first-, and third-order arterioles) or abolished (fourth-order arterioles), and tissue hypoxia did not occur. The authors conclude that ketamine, as compared with enflurane, diminishes or prevents arteriolar constriction and tissue hypoxia in the cremaster muscle of hemorrhaged rats. PMID- 7114541 TI - Halothane and the carotid sinus reflex: evidence for multiple sites of action. AB - Baroreceptor reflexes have been found to be attenuated during halothane anesthesia in humans and experimental animals. The baroreceptor reflex arc is comprised for a number of components, including receptors, afferent and efferent nerve pathways, central integratory centers, peripheral ganglia, and effector organs, at which halothane might exert an inhibitory effect. This study was performed to determine the effect of halothane at each component in order to identify the site or sites of baroreflex attenuation due to halothane. The baroreflex effects on heart rate initiated by carotid sinus pressure changes were examined in conscious and anesthetized (0.0%, 0.75%, and 1.5% halothane in 50% N2O and O2, pls 25 mg/kg thiopental) dogs. In addition, carotid sinus afferent activity, cardiac sympathetic efferent activity and heart responses to direct sympathetic and parasympathetic efferent stimulation were examined in anesthetized dogs. Preganglionic and postganglionic sympathetic nerve activities were recorded simultaneously during baroreceptor activation to determine ganglionic effects of halothane. All levels of anesthesia significantly (P less than 0.05) attenuated reflex changes in heart rate produced by the pressure changes compared to conscious dogs. Significant decreases in cardiac sympathetic efferent activity were produced at 1.5% halothane (P less than 0.05). The depression in postganglionic activity was significantly greater than that or preganglionic activity, indicating a ganglionic-blocking effect by halothane. Cardiac chronotropic changes produced by direct efferent stimulation of sympathetic and vagal fibers were attenuated significantly by halothane (P less than 0.05). On the other hand, baroreceptor afferent activity was increased at 1.5% halothane. This sensitization of baroreceptors appeared to contribute to decreased levels of sympathetic tone, leading to blunted reflex changes in nerve activity. Therefore, halothane was found to have multiple sites of action, leading to depression of the baroreflex. PMID- 7114542 TI - Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of d-tubocurarine in infants, children, and adults. AB - The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of d-tubocurarine (dTc) were determined in neonates (0-2 months, n = 7), infants (2-12 months, n = 7), children (1-12 years, n = 9), and adults (12-30 years, n = 8) during 70% nitrous oxide, 0.58 MAC halothane anesthesia. dTc was administered by infusion, while blood for determination of plasma dTc concentrations was obtained, and the EMG of the adductor pollicis recorded. The plasma dTc concentration at which 50% depression of EMG twitch height occurs (Cpss(50)) was 0.18 +/- 0.09 micrograms/ml in neonates, and 0.27 +/- 0.06 micrograms/ml in infants, both significantly lower than the values of 0.42 +/- 0.14 and 0.53 +/- 0.14 micrograms/ml for children and adults, respectively. The steady-state distribution volume (Vdss) was 0.74 +/- 0.33 l/kg in neonates, significantly greater than the values of 0.52 +/- 0.22, 0.41 +/- 0.12, and 0.30 +/- 0.10 l/kg in infants, children, and adults, respectively. The elimination half-life (t beta 1/2) was 174 +/- 60 min in neonates, significantly longer than the values of 90 +/- 23 and 89 +/- 18 min in children and adults, respectively. Plasma clearance did not differ with age. We also determined D50, the product of Vdss and Cpss(50). D50, the quantity of drug present at steady-state to produce 50% paralysis, did not differ between groups. The authors conclude that during comparable nitrous oxide-halothane anesthesia, neonates and infants have an increased sensitivity to dTc, as determined by CPss(50). However, because of the larger Vdss in younger patients, dose size should not differ with age. In addition, because of the longer t beta 1/2 in neonates, second and subsequent doses should be required at less frequent intervals. PMID- 7114543 TI - Gastric volume in early pregnancy: effect of metoclopramide. AB - This study was designed to ascertain whether gastric volume in early pregnancy is unduly large, and to determine whether preanesthetic administration of metoclopramide decreases this volume. Gastric pH and volume were measured following induction of general anesthetics in 20 nonpregnant surgical patients; 62 patients undergoing therapeutic abortion (mean gestational age, 15 +/- 3 weeks); and in 31 patients undergoing therapeutic abortions who received 10 mg metoclopramide intravenously, 15 to 30 min before anesthesia. Gastric volume was the same in the pregnant and nonpregnant control patients; in this former group, volume was not related to gestational age. In the nonpregnant control group, mean pH was lower, and there were more patients with a pH less than 2.5 than in the other groups; metoclopramide had no effect on pH. Treatment with metoclopramide resulted in significantly lower mean gastric volume (15 vs. 28 ml) and in significantly fewer patients with a gastric volume exceeding 25 ml (13% vs. 51%). Early pregnancy (less than 20 weeks gestation) confers no additional anesthetic hazard due to large gastric volume or low pH. Our data suggest that preanesthetic administration of metoclopramide may be beneficial in decreasing the risk of aspiration pneumonitis. PMID- 7114544 TI - The 1981 Rovenstine Lecture--A measure of worth. PMID- 7114545 TI - Diagnostic value of systemic curare testing. PMID- 7114546 TI - Anesthesia for isolated limb perfusion. PMID- 7114547 TI - Anisocoria and ipsilateral exophthalmos during enflurane anesthesia. PMID- 7114548 TI - Induction of anesthesia with midazolam decreases halothane MAC in humans. PMID- 7114551 TI - Dantrolene and malignant hyperthermia. PMID- 7114550 TI - Modification of Dinamap for mechanical sphygmomanometry. PMID- 7114549 TI - A randomized study of drugs for preventing increases in intracranial pressure during endotracheal suctioning. PMID- 7114552 TI - Molecular weight of cation as a determinant of speed of onset of neuromuscular blockade. PMID- 7114553 TI - The disposition of bupivacaine following epidural anesthesia for cesarean section. PMID- 7114554 TI - Aminophylline and anesthesia. PMID- 7114555 TI - [Utilization of new sources of oxygen, permeators, in anesthesiology and intensive care]. PMID- 7114557 TI - [Prevention of the sympathomimetic effect of ketamine with droperidol]. PMID- 7114556 TI - [Comparative evaluation of myocardial contractility during multicomponent intravenous anesthesia based on drip infusion of ketamine and ataralgesia]. PMID- 7114558 TI - [Determination of circulating blood volume during surgical treatment of patients in the late stages of mitral stenosis]. PMID- 7114560 TI - [Optimal level of cooling in craniocerebral hypothermia]. PMID- 7114559 TI - [Changes in the blood coagulation system after surgical interventions on the lungs with exposure to a constant magnetic field]. PMID- 7114561 TI - [Endogenous poisoning in the pathogenesis of post-resuscitation disease]. PMID- 7114562 TI - [Changes in the respiratory tract after prolonged artificial pulmonary ventilation of heart surgery patients]. PMID- 7114563 TI - [Immunocorrective therapy in the complex of resuscitative measures to treat the severe form of tetanus]. PMID- 7114565 TI - [Effect of intra-aortic counter-pulsation on the state of hepatic blood flow in experimental myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7114566 TI - [Value of the colloid-hydrostatic pressure gradient in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary edema in myocardial infarct patients]. PMID- 7114564 TI - [Effect of hemosorption on the blood levels of certain hormones in patients with pancreonecrosis and the hepatorenal syndrome]. PMID- 7114567 TI - [Effect of massive doses of prednisolone on hemodynamics and oxygen transport in acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 7114568 TI - [Complications of hemosorption: rigors and their metabolic and hemodynamic consequences]. PMID- 7114569 TI - [Clinical use of sequential ultrafiltration and hemodialysis in patients with acute renal failure]. PMID- 7114573 TI - [Epidural analgesia with morphine during the postoperative period]. PMID- 7114570 TI - [Complex treatment of status asthmaticus in patients with bronchial asthma]. PMID- 7114572 TI - [Anatomical basis for nasotracheal intubation]. PMID- 7114571 TI - [Mechanics of breathing in patients with chronic lung diseases after surgery on the abdominal viscera using combined general anesthesia with administration of seduxen and pentazocine]. PMID- 7114574 TI - [Continuous mini-infusion of trimecaine into the peridural space during labor]. PMID- 7114576 TI - [Successful resuscitation with blood reinfusion in heart injuries]. PMID- 7114575 TI - [Experimental method of closed intermittent peridural anesthesia]. PMID- 7114577 TI - [Paralysis of pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles following a high-voltage electric injury complicated by severe head injury]. PMID- 7114578 TI - [Modern solution of the problem of artificial pulmonary ventilation during endolaryngeal surgery]. PMID- 7114579 TI - [Giant angioma of the lower lip. Preoperative problems and surgical therapy]. PMID- 7114580 TI - [Communicating lymphatic vessels in the lower limbs of man]. PMID- 7114581 TI - [Surgery in arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7114583 TI - [Doppler examination complementing the clinical examination in locating incompetent perforating veins of the leg]. PMID- 7114582 TI - [New frontiers in renal vascular surgery]. PMID- 7114585 TI - Calcium antagonists: an overview. PMID- 7114584 TI - [Prevalence of peripheral microangiopathy at the onset of diabetes. Epidemiologic study]. PMID- 7114586 TI - Correlation of bronchial responsiveness to diluent and to histamine. AB - Histamine inhalation tests were performed in 113 subjects, who were then classified by their response to histamine as normal (n = 26), mild bronchial hyperreactivity (n = 32), moderate bronchial hyperreactivity (n = 48) and marked bronchial hyperreactivity (n = 7). The response to inhaled sterile isotonic saline, the diluent, was measured as the percentage of change in FEV1 and the four groups were compared. Over-all there was a wide range of bronchial response to diluent, between +12 and -29% FEV1 change. There was little difference in the mean FEV1 change of the diluent (all less than 2%) in normals, mildly and moderately hyperreactive subjects. However, the markedly hyperreactive subjects were significantly more responsive to diluent than any other group, showing 11.7 +/- 4.4% FEV1 fall. We conclude that the mean bronchial responsiveness to diluent increases with increasingly severe nonspecific bronchial responsiveness to inhaled histamine. PMID- 7114587 TI - The attenuation of exercise-induced bronchospasm by ascorbic acid. AB - In order to study the potential benefit of ascorbic acid in asthma we investigated its role in exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB). Twelve asthmatic subjects were recruited on the basis of findings compatible with EIB. On two subsequent days the subjects ingested 500 mg. of ascorbic acid or a placebo. The study was performed in a double-blind randomized fashion. Partial and maximal expiratory flow volume (PEFV and MEFV) curves were used to determine pulmonary function changes. Pretreatment with ascorbic acid led to a significant attenuation of the bronchospasm seen five minutes after exercise compared to placebo, as measured by FVC (0.23 +/- 0.08 L decrease after ascorbic acid, 0.48 +/- 0.14 L decrease after placebo) and by FEV1 (0.24 +/- 0.06 decrease after ascorbic acid, 0.44 +/- 0.14 decrease after placebo) Mean +/- SE). These results suggest a mild antibronchospastic action of ascorbic acid in subjects with EIB. PMID- 7114588 TI - Pulmonary lavage in a patient in status asthmaticus receiving mechanical ventilation: a case report. AB - Allergy and/or contraindications for theophylline and adrenergic drugs can be a life-threatening problem for patients with respiratory failure resulting from status asthmaticus. Mucous plugs and secretions in smaller bronchi can further complicate the problem. A patient in status astmaticus complicated by mucous impaction is described in whom pulmonary lavage was performed through a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope using a solution containing 250 ml normal saline, 30 ml 20% acetylcysteine, 0.5 ml Bronkosol and 125 mgm Solu-Medrol. Lavage was done twice at 24-hour intervals; extubation was accomplished within 48 hours after first lavage. This treatment resulted in remarkable improvement and proved to be life saving. The result suggests that this procedure is a useful therapeutic method and can be life saving in selected patients with respiratory failure. PMID- 7114590 TI - Translaryngeal absorption of lidocaine. AB - Our study was conducted to determine the appropriate dose of lidocaine using the larynx and to characterize the onset and duration of therapeutic serum levels. A mean dose of 5.67 +/- 1.2 mg/kg was topically administered to the subglottic region of seven comatose patients through a cricothyroid membrane puncture. Serial serum lidocaine levels showed that therapeutic levels were attained in 5.1 +/- 3.2 minutes with a mean maximum level of 3.16 +/- 1.52 micrograms/ml and were reached at 18.71 +/- 8.71 minutes. Therapeutic serum levels were maintained for 68.4 +/- 29.7 minutes. Absorption of lidocaine via the airway yields sustained levels, although the duration of onset is less rapid and the maximum serum level is lower than that from an equivalent intravenous dose. PMID- 7114591 TI - Failure of peak expiratory flow rate to predict hospital admission in acute asthma. AB - Our study evaluated the ability of early peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR) to be predictive of hospital admission while double blinding the measurements and using a standardized treatment protocol and specific admission criteria. The measurements were recorded prior to and after initial therapy. Eighty-six acute asthmatic episodes in 51 patients were analyzed. Nine (10.5%) of the episodes resulted in hospitalization; 77 (89.5%) resulted in discharge. No correlation with admission was found for the initial PEFR, a second PEFR following treatment, or the differences between these two values. Our study indicates that early PEFRs alone are not useful predictors of the need for hospital admission. Although a significant number of patients in our study population presented with severe airflow obstruction, they responded sufficiently to treatment to permit discharge. PMID- 7114589 TI - A case of hyperimmunoglobulinemia E treated with cow's milk and egg-free diet. AB - This report is of seven-year-old girl with a lifelong history of severe eczema, intestinal features of food allergy, recurrent respiratory tract infections, chronic bilateral keratitis and mucocutaneous candidiasis. Immunological tests showed high serum IgE levels, with specific IgE antibodies to cow's milk and egg white, defective PMN chemotaxis and a marked defect in both the function and number of T-lymphocytes. On a cow's milk-free and egg-free diet the eczema subsided and the respiratory infections improved. A partial correction of the immunodeficiency was also observed. The relationships between the immune system and atopy are discussed. PMID- 7114592 TI - Another aspect of acute urinary retention in young patients. AB - Four homosexual men and one heterosexual woman presented with acute urinary retention secondary to intense anal intercourse. All had normal urologic histories. Their residual urine volumes ranged from 475 ml to 1,400 ml. Urinalyses and urine cultures were negative. All were treated with an indwelling Foley catheter and then with bethanechol and dibenzyline. Normal micturition was restored. To evaluate the influence of anal dilatation on detrusor function, five control patients with urge incontinence were studied. A cystometrogram (CMG) displayed a hyperreflexic bladder pattern in all five patients. Average bladder capacity was 86 ml. Calibrated anal dilatation increased bladder capacity to the average value of 406 ml on CMG. The diameter of anal dilatation ranged from 3.5 cm to 5 cm. Intense anal intercourse producing severe anal dilatation triggers reflex bladder inhibition leading to acute urinary retention. The sensory input travels from the dilated anus to the sacral spinal micturition center, which sends inhibitory stimuli to the urinary bladder. PMID- 7114594 TI - A time efficient EMT-A course for first year medical students. AB - The purpose of the study was to design an EMT-A course for freshman medical students that maximized practical work and minimized lecture hours. A 48-hour required course was given up to 101 members of the first-year class at The Medical College of Pennsylvania. Ten hours of lecture-demonstration time were included. Test scores were comparable to scores of regular EMT-A candidates and medical students who had a full lecture series included in their course. Means of further decreasing the number of hours of the course are discussed. By decreasing the number of curricular hours, it is hoped that medical schools not having EMT-A certification programs in their preclinical years will be encouraged to do so. PMID- 7114595 TI - Hypertensive crisis resulting from an MAO inhibitor and an over-the-counter appetite suppressant. AB - We present the case of a 28-year-old man being treated with Nardil for chronic depression who developed a hypertensive crisis and a severe occipital headache one hour after ingesting an over-the-counter appetite suppressant. The adverse reactions between MAO inhibitors and phenylpropanolamine and discussed, as are the dangers of using Demerol to treat the headache and Aldomet to treat the hypertension. PMID- 7114593 TI - Emergency presentation of subdural hematoma: a review of 85 cases diagnosed by computerized tomography. AB - The emergency presentations of 85 patients diagnosed by computerized axial tomography (CT) as having subdural hematomas (SDH) were retrospectively reviewed to identify factors contributing to an early or delayed diagnosis. Sixty-one of 85 patients (72%) were diagnosed within 24 hours of presentation. Forty-five of 57 (79%) with definite history or signs of cranial trauma were diagnosed within 24 hours, while only 16 of 28 (57%) without historical or physical evidence of trauma were diagnosed promptly. Focal neurologic signs were present in 32 of 57 patients (56%) with head trauma and 24 of these patients (75%) had an early CT scan. Twenty-two of 50 patients (44%) with head trauma had skull fractures, but the presence or absence of skull fracture alone did not serve to hasten the diagnosis in this group. In patients without head trauma, 14 of 28 (50%) had focal neurologic signs, with eight of 14 (57%) undergoing CT scan within 24 hours. No patient in this group had an abnormal skull series. Thus despite the immediate availability of CT scanning, a significant number of patients, especially those without history or evidence of head trauma, had a delay in diagnosis exceeding 24 hours. The presence of a focal neurologic sign is a more sensitive indicator of the presence of SDH than is a positive skull series. PMID- 7114596 TI - Spontaneous urinary extravasation during intravenous pyelography. AB - A case is presented of a patient who developed extravasation of radiographic contrast material while undergoing an intravenous pyelogram for evaluation of ureteral obstruction. Such extravasation is uncommon and appears to occur most commonly at the renal calyceal fornix. Complications of extravasation are rare, and patients may be expected to do well with conservative management. PMID- 7114597 TI - Temporary stabilization of avulsed or luxated teeth. PMID- 7114598 TI - Prophylactic lidocaine: uncertain benefits in emergency settings. AB - The need to determine whether prophylactic lidocaine has any therapeutic value is generally recognized, and further investigations have been urged: A carefully designed clinical trial of routine lidocaine administration should be carried out to provide definitive information for the physician treating patients who have had myocardial infarction. Such trials should begin immediately, in view of the magnitude of the problem and the fact that routine prophylaxis of arrhythmias after myocardial infarction is not common policy. Such a study, if well designed, can answer the question... Carefully designed trials must be conducted with patients included in the study as soon as possible after the onset of symptoms, preferably during the prehospital phase, and the medication must be administered in a random-controlled fashion. Although these requirements pose no extraordinary problems of research design and method, they lead to prohibiting ethical conflicts. Without resolving these conflicts, through the elaboration of acceptable standards which bypass traditional informed consent, the value of lidocaine prophylaxis will remain uncertain, as will the many other emergency therapeutic maneuvers of unproven effectiveness. PMID- 7114599 TI - Hypothermia. PMID- 7114600 TI - The ethics of emergency medicine research. PMID- 7114601 TI - On entrepreneurs ethics, and leadership. PMID- 7114603 TI - Pancreatitis associated with primary hyperparathyroidism. AB - Two series of patients treated for primary hyperparathyroidism are reviewed for the incidence of associated pancreatitis. In an earlier series of 150 hyperparathyroid patients, six had documented pancreatitis as one of the primary clinical manifestations. Review of a more recent series failed to uncover a single case of pancreatitis in 26 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. The incidence of pancreatitis associated with hyperparathyroidism appears to be steadily decreasing, possibly reflecting the earlier diagnosis of parathyroid disease, which is due to widespread screening testing methods currently available. PMID- 7114602 TI - Pregnancy following gastric bypass for the treatment of morbid obesity. AB - Of the patients undergoing gastric bypass for treatment of morbid obesity, 75 per cent are female. A common question both pre-and postoperatively concerns the advisability of a pregnancy following surgically-induced weight loss. Of all patients, 45 became pregnant on 54 occasions following gastric bypass and 46 infants were delivered. There were two spontaneous abortions (4.0%) and six early terminations of an undesired pregnancy. Seven infants were delivered prematurely. One child was born microcephalic and has developed severe retardation in both growth and development. In contrast to reports of infants born to mothers with jejunoileal bypass, 12 of the babies that were born to mothers after gastric bypass were heavier at birth than older siblings. An additional ten infants were the first born to women who had lost more than 100 pounds following gastric bypass. All but one of the women became pregnant more than six months following surgery. This corresponds to the period of maximum weight loss and reversal of menstrual abnormalities associated with massive obesity. Pregnancies were well tolerated by the mothers, with no excessive increase in weight loss or development of metabolic deficiencies. Since the gastric bypass is modeled on the Billroth II gastrectomy, additional iron supplementation was recommended during the pregnancy. While we cannot recommend pregnancy during the period of rapid weight loss in the initial postoperative period, our data indicate that neither the mother nor the developing fetus is unduly endangered by a pregnancy which develops after the period of rapid postoperative weight loss. PMID- 7114605 TI - common duct obstruction in patients with intractable pain of chronic pancreatitis. AB - Fibrosis of chronic pancreatitis can cause obstructive jaundice by compressing the intrapancreatic portion of the common bile duct. The frequency and clinical manifestations of common bile duct stricture from symptomatic chronic pancreatitis have been evaluated in 26 patients undergoing lateral pancreaticojejunostomy for intractable pain between 1974 and 1980. Four patients (15%) had a stricture with partial obstruction of the common duct in addition to pancreatic duct obstruction. Three of the four strictures were identified prior to operation by ERCP. The fourth developed biliary obstruction six months after pancreaticojejunostomy. Slight elevation of alkaline phosphatase was common and occurred in 12 of 22 patients with chronic pancreatitis without biliary obstruction. Alkaline phosphatase was elevated greater than four times normal in three of the four patients with a biliary stricture. Elevation of total and direct serum bilirubin occurred only in patients with stricture of the distal common duct. A waxing and waning picture of jaundice was seen in these four patients. When a fixed smooth stricture of the common duct is demonstrated in a patient with symptomatic chronic pancreatitis, drainage of the biliary tree should be combined with pancreatic duct drainage in order to prevent cholangitis, biliary cirrhosis, diagnostic confusion with pancreatic carcinoma, and persistence of pain. PMID- 7114604 TI - Pancreatitis induced renal vasoconstriction. AB - The etiology of renal vasoconstriction in acute pancreatitis remains obscure. The canine model of bile pancreatitis was used to determine whether hypovolemia or increased circulating levels of catecholamines are responsible for this phenomenon. Treatment of the pancreatitis was either with volume loading or alpha adrenergic blockade with Prazosin given both before and after the induction of pancreatitis. Neither pretreatment nor post-treatment with either volume loading or Prazosin protected the kidneys from the standpoint of mitigating renal vasoconstriction. To the contrary, treatment with alpha blockade produced the greatest decreases in renal blood flow. PMID- 7114606 TI - Operative cholangiomanometry as a guide to common duct exploration. AB - A trial of operative cholangiomanometry was proposed as a guide to common duct exploration to see if this technique would help in reducing the incidence of unnecessary common bile duct explorations and the incidence of retained stones. The technique for operative cholangiomanometry as modified from White is described. This method was used in 21 patients. A very close correlation between manometry and cholangiography in predicting the presence of pathology within the common duct at the time of extrahepatic biliary surgery was shown. Flow was the most accurate diagnostic parameter. Seven patients who were found to have common duct stones had both abnormal manometry and cholangiography. Fourteen patients without stones included 12 with negative cholangiography and manometry, and two in which manometry was normal but cholangiography suggested pathology. Common duct manometry and cholangiography can be used to decrease the number of unnecessary common duct explorations and the incidence of retained stones. The theory that common duct pathology will increase pressure and decrease flow rates is supported by this study. Manometry and cholangiography should be used in combination as they are additive studies. Criteria for deciding when to explore the common duct are presented. PMID- 7114607 TI - Spectrum of myocardial contusion. AB - During a consecutive period of 26 months, 42 patients with blunt chest trauma were diagnosed as having a myocardial contusion on the basis of an abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) in 36 patients, elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK) in 39 patients, and positive CPK-Muscle Brain (CPK-MB) isoenzyme in 33 patients. Using these screening modalities, the incidence of myocardial contusion in patients with blunt chest trauma increased from 7 per cent when viewed retrospectively to 17 per cent when viewed prospectively. Eight patients had cardiac index determinations only; of these, three were less than 2.9 1/min/M2. An additional 21 patients underwent a standard fluid challenge of 500 cc of 5 per cent plasmanate infused over 30 minutes allowing construction of a Starling Curve. Five patterns of ventricular function curves were observed. Six patients had biventricular dysfunction, six patients had isolated right ventricular dysfunction, three patients had isolated left ventricular dysfunction, three patients had an "unslope-peak-downslope" pattern, and three patients had normal ventricular function studies. Multiple gated acquisition (MUGA) scans were abnormal in ten patients and normal in 12 patients. Major morbidity and mortality due to myocardial contusion occurred in 17 per cent of the (7/42) patients; of these, three had biventricular dysfunction, one had left ventricular dysfunction, and two had a low cardiac index. This experience suggests that screening tests are sensitive in detecting myocardial contusion in blunt chest trauma, but are not predictive of major morbidity or mortality. Only direct hemodynamic measurement with construction of a Starling Curve was useful in determining the severity of the myocardial injury and identifying those patients at greatest risk. PMID- 7114608 TI - Primary hemostasis after massive transfusion for injury. AB - Primary hemostasis, the formation of a platelet plug, was studied in 22 injured patients receiving an average of 21 transfusions during the operation for control of bleeding. The storage age of the blood averaged 15 days; no platelet transfusions were given. Platelet counts (PLT) and bleeding time (BT) were studied intraoperatively; postoperatively at 6 hours, 25 hours, day 2, day 4; and during convalescence (8 days to 3 months). Serial PLT and BT levels were correlated with the number of transfusions and age of blood. During operation, the PLT fell to 109,000/mm3 and the BT was greater than 15 minutes. Thrombocytopenia did not correlate with the number of transfusions or age of blood. The PLT averaged 106,000/mm3 at 6 hours and then fell significantly to 73,000/mm3 at 15 hours and to 76,000/mm3 on day 2. The PLT rose significantly to 110,000/mm3 by day four and increased to supernormal levels by convalescence. The BT remained elevated at 6 hours, 15 hours, day 2, and day 4, and declined to normal by convalescence. Thrombocytopenia and prolonged BT after massive transfusion for injury indicate platelet dysfunction which may protect against disseminated intravascular coagulation. Correction of the thrombocytopenia should be reserved for patients with bleeding. PMID- 7114609 TI - Anergy and altered lymphocyte function in the injured patient. AB - The failure of the host-defense mechanism following trauma has been recognized, but the site of the deficit is unknown. The immunologic competence of 16 patients, including 15 who had minor injuries and required less than 4 transfusions, was prospectively studied with skin testing, leukocyte counts, and protein electrophoresis. The stimulation ratio (SR) and index of lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutanin (PHA) were measured as the ratio of thymidine uptake in stimulated cells to that of resting cells in both pooled normal serum as well as each patient's serum. Six patients, including the one patient with major injury, had no response to any of the four skin test antigens and were considered anergic (AN). Ten patients with minor trauma responded to at least one of the antigen skin tests and were considered nonanergic (NA). The anergic patients had significantly more shock and more blood transfusions and had significantly lower serum albumin levels. There was no statistical difference between the anergic and nonanergic groups in leukocyte count, absolute lymphocyte count, gamma-globulin fraction, or age. The average PHA Stimulation Ratio of patient lymphocytes in patient serum was significantly higher than the PHA Stimulation Ratio of patient lymphocytes in control serum. This suggests that the lymphocytes of injured patients respond in a greater magnitude when bathed in autologous-serum than when bathed in control pooled serum. Furthermore, the autologous serum did not inhibit the PHA response of control or normal lymphocytes. The presence of an enhancing factor in injured patients' sera or an absence of a supressor substance may be responsible for this phenomenon. PMID- 7114610 TI - The diagnostic usefulness of peritoneal lavage in penetrating trauma: a prospective evaluation and comparison with blunt trauma. AB - In order to assess the relative utility and reliability of peritoneal lavage as an aid in the management of patients with penetrating trauma, 709 patients (353 penetrating; 356 blunt) with trauma to the lower chest and/or abdomen were evaluated prospectively during 23 consecutive months. There were 144 true positive, 14 false-positive, 524 true-negative, and 27 false-negative lavages for an error rate of 5.8 per cent (41/709). Intra-abdominal injury was present in 27 per cent of 15 patients with shotgun injuries, 54 per cent of 141 patients with gunshot injuries, and 24 per cent of 197 patients with stab wounds. The sensitivity, specificity, and test value of peritoneal lavage in this series was high and comparable in both penetrating and blunt trauma during the initial diagnostic evaluation of the trauma patient. The error rates were comparable in penetrating and blunt trauma; however, false-positive lavages occurred more frequently in blunt trauma and false-negative lavages occurred more frequently in penetrating trauma (p = .0022). Peritoneal lavage can be extremely useful in the initial evaluation of penetrating trauma of all types. PMID- 7114611 TI - Internal thoracic vein cannulation as a complication of central venous catheterization. AB - Central venous catheterization is utilized in resuscitation and evaluation of the severely ill patient. It is also employed for total parenteral nutrition. The list of potential complications is extensive and includes catheter malposition, with its attendant morbidity, as the most frequent complication. Inaccurate venous pressure measurements and mediastinal phlebitis have been cited as natural sequelae of inadvertent catheterization of the internal thoracic (mammary) vein (ITV). The histories of four patients who had ITV cannulation are analyzed as to indications for central venous catheterizations, site of insertion, time of delayed recognition, and attendant complications. In addition, the records of 150 consecutive patients who underwent central venous line placement were reviewed to determine the number of lines placed (242), the number and percentage of postcatheterization chest films obtained with standard posterior-anterior (P-A) and lateral technique (70, 29%), the number and incidence of catheterization associated complications (78, 32%), and the number and incidence of ITV cannulation (5, 2%). No untoward results were seen as a result of this complication in the nine patients discovered, although the potential for morbidity was present. Subtle changes on portable chest films and standard technique P-A and lateral films remain the best protection against complications associated with ITV cannulation. PMID- 7114612 TI - The effects of dehydration on the dynamics of transcapillary refill. AB - Since the water reserve of the interstitium plays a major role in circulatory homeostasis, its reduction by dehydration may produce severe changes in the organism's response to hemorrhage but this has not been measured experimentally. Twelve immature pigs (22 +/= 2 Kg) were divided into two groups of six each. Control animals had free access to food and water prior to bleeding. Dehydrated animals had water withheld for 48 hours preceding the bleeding. All animals were bled 30 per cent of their calculated blood volumes while awake. No resuscitation was performed. No mortality was observed in the control group of animals, while four of the six dehydrated animals died (66%). All deaths occurred between one and four hours posthemorrhage. Plasma refill reached 33 per cent by 0.5 hours in the control group compared to only 17 per cent by 0.5 hours in the dehydrated group (p less than or equal to .05). Refill in the control group reached 50 per cent by three hours, whereas dehydrated animals surviving to three hours demonstrated no further refill (p less than or equal to .05). BUN, calcium, sodium, and osmolality were consistently higher in dehydrated than control animals (p less than or equal to .05). It is concluded that a reduction in the interstitial water reserve significantly impairs ability to recover from hemorrhage. PMID- 7114613 TI - A radiological correlate for the feasibility of left thoracoabdominal esophagogastrectomy. AB - A measured distance of 10 cm between the upper shoulder of a distal esophageal tumor as seen on barium swallow and midbody of T7 suggests feasibility of esophagogastrectomy with adequate margins via a left thoracoabdominal approach, obviating a separate right thoracic incision. The use of the EEA Stapler is recommended to facilitate such a high anastomosis. PMID- 7114614 TI - Barogenic rupture of the esophagus (Boerhaave's syndrome): successful treatment of a late case. AB - This article presents a case of barogenic (postemetic) rupture of the esophagus that was diagnosed more than 48 hours after the acute event and subsequently treated successfully. The initial approach of direct esophageal repair, pleural drainage, antibiotics, and intravenous hyperalimentation was not successful. The repair site disrupted, and the patient became critically ill and septic. Salvage of the patient with closure of the fistula and normal alimentation was accomplished by partial distal esophageal occlusion, utilizing a serrated (Miles) vena cava clip. PMID- 7114615 TI - [Appendicular peritonitis: antibiotics and complications (author's transl)]. AB - A retrospective study of the complications and bacteriologic findings in a group of 500 appendectomies in children under seven years is reported. A prospective trial on 64 appendiceal peritonitis revealed that there were no significant differences between two antibiotic policies (clindamycin plus gentamycin vs. cefoxitine alone) in regard to postoperative septic complications. Nevertheless, both policies significantly decreased the number of intraabdominal abscesses as compared with the treatments applied during the years of the retrospective study. No improvement was observed in the number of wound infections. PMID- 7114616 TI - [Inherited disorders of the skeleton. Classification (author's transl)]. AB - Based on the analysis of embryo development and genesis of the skeleton, author establishes two main groups of skeleton inherited disorders: 1) dysostosis due to alteration in morphogenesis, and 2) dysplasias due to the alteration of histogenesis. PMID- 7114617 TI - [Pyknodysostosis: interpretation of its clinical and radiological manifestations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7114618 TI - [Seckel's syndrome: a form of chondrodysplasia? (author's transl)]. AB - The true entity of Seckel's (bird headed dwarfism) has been hardly questioned due to the variety of malformations reported in these patients. However all cases reported have in common: dwarfism, bird head, microcephaly, mental retardation and malformations of different kinds. All these features must be present for the correct diagnosis. In two cases of Seckel's syndrome, full diagnostic features and post-mortem findings are reported. Special emphasis is made on the neuropathologic lesions. For the first time in the literature, changes in the epiphyseal tibial cartilage (with histochemical and EM studies) are described and correlated to dwarfism. Based on morphological data the authors propose Seckel syndrome as a condrodysplasia. PMID- 7114619 TI - [Neonatal hyperammonemia due to ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical and biochemical findings in a patient with the inherited disease so called hyperammonemia type II are presented. The patient was a male who had the first abnormal symptoms of tremors and continuous crying at 35 hours of age and exhibited a rapid clinical course dying 62 hours after birth. Rejection of food, respiratory problems, hypotonia and tonic-clonic convulsions were other outstanding clinical symptoms observed. Withdrawal of the feedings and initiation of a perfusion did not improve the clinical picture. Biochemical studies in samples of blood, urine and CSF revealed the presence of high concentrations of ammonia, alanine, glutamine and orotic acid. Final diagnosis was achieved when post mortem liver ornithine transcarbamylase activity was found to be lower than 6% with respect to that of adequate controls. Carbamyl phosphate synthetase, another urea cycle enzyme measured, was within normal limits of activity. PMID- 7114620 TI - [Severe combined immunodeficiency with adenosine deaminase deficiency (author's transl)]. AB - Authors present clinical data of two sisters with a very similar clinical disease, one of which was diagnosed as CSID with ADA deficiency. The different manifestations of the disease are reviewed and the importance of establishing an early diagnosis is underlined, not only for early treatment of the patient, but for genetic counselling as well. PMID- 7114621 TI - [Congenital vesico-vaginal fistula (author's transl)]. AB - The case of a girl of five years with a congenital vesico-vaginal fistula derived from a persistent left mesonephric duct (or Wolffran duct) is described. The only associated malformation found in this patient was a left renal agenesis. PMID- 7114623 TI - Numerical evaluation of cytologic data. XI. Nested designs in multivariate analysis of variance. AB - Nested designs in multivariate analysis of variance allow the investigator to assess at what stages in an experimental procedure variability enters and to what extent. When employed in conjunction with a fixed-effects level in the design, a mixed model results, which provides the appropriate significance tests for the fixed-level effect; e.g., differences in cells between control patients and treated patients must be tested against the patient-to-patient variability, not against the cell-to-cell variability. A worked example for a three-level, mixed model nested design is given, including the significance tests. PMID- 7114622 TI - [Poisoning by spirits of turpentine or turpentine oil. Review of its treatment apropos of a personal case]. AB - Authors deduce from their experience during 1979 that intoxication by spirit oil of turpentine is an accident with few repercussions in infancy, because the quantity ingested does not reach toxic levels, except for children over seven who try to commit suicide. Gastric lavage must not be practiced because removing turpentine can provoke its' aspiration with a consequent pulmonary disease in the majority of occasions. Only when ingestion is more than 1 ml./Kg., or symptoms suggest important disease, can gastric lavage, be done because secondary complications can aggravate the disease. Antibiotics are used if there is an obvious infection, remembering that turpentine intoxication itself can provoke fever. In their experience, corticoids don't modify the evolution. PMID- 7114624 TI - Quantitative DNA determinations by image analysis. I. Application to human pulmonary cytology. AB - A description is made of the application of image analysis to quantitative deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) determinations in a variety of cells. Optical density of the video signal from Feulgen-stained material was integrated across the area of the nucleus and values obtained related to values derived from known diploid cells. Analysis was performed on three classes of material: (1) biological material with known haploid, diploid and tetraploid nuclear DNA (standards), (2) metaplasias of the bronchial epithelium and (3) bronchogenic carcinomas. Results obtained with image analysis corresponded with expected data for the biologic standards and with microspectrophotometric data obtained for metaplasia and epidermoid carcinoma of the bronchial system. Application of this and other quantitative methods to cancer screening and biology is discussed. PMID- 7114625 TI - Flow cytofluorometric DNA analyses of metastases of human malignant melanomas. AB - Flow cytofluorometric analyses of DNA content were performed on 38 subcutaneous and lymph node metastases from 32 patients with malignant melanoma. Cells from 8 tumors had DNA patterns corresponding to diploid DNA values, and the remaining 30 had aneuploid cell populations, mostly in the diploid to tetraploid region. Eight tumors contained more than one cell population. The number of S-phase cells varied from 3% to 34%. The number of S-phase cells was significantly higher in aneuploid as compared to diploid cell populations. Patients with a proportion of S-phase cells greater than or equal to 10% had a significantly shorter survival time as compared to patients with less than 10% S-phase cells. PMID- 7114626 TI - The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in United States hospitals. Possible role of the house staff-patient transfer circuit. AB - Infections with methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus appear to be occurring with increasing frequency in some U.S. hospitals about a decade after a similar increase in Britain and other countries. In the United States, clustered methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections reported in scientific journals and in three hospital surveys have been almost entirely in large, tertiary referral hospitals affiliated with medical schools. Among 63 hospitals regularly reporting infections from 1974 to 1981 in the National Nosocomial Infections Study, the increase in methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections was entirely due to substantial increases in only four hospitals, all of which were large, tertiary referral centers affiliated with medical schools. The predominance of methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections in these large hospitals may be due to the large numbers of patients at high risk of infection and to the interhospital spread of the organism by the transfer of infected patients and house staff from similar hospitals or from nursing homes. PMID- 7114629 TI - Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections: a new source for nosocomial outbreaks. AB - Over a 19-month period, 165 patients with 183 infections caused by community acquired, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were seen at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, Michigan. The proportion of community-acquired staphylococcal infections resistant to methicillin rose from 3 % in March 1980 to 38% in September 1981. Drug abuse, serious underlying illness, previous antimicrobial therapy, and previous hospitalization were all associated with the development of this infection. Concurrent with the community epidemic was a nosocomial epidemic of methicillin-resistant S. aureus infection, which accounted for 30.6% of all nosocomial staphylococcal infections in January 1981. Control measures that included isolation, discharge precautions for carriers, and eradication of employee carriage were effective in preventing nosocomial transmission. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus carriage among employees was 0.7%. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus may originate in the community as well as in the hospital, and presents a threat to patients in both settings. PMID- 7114627 TI - Epidemiology of nosocomial infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Outbreaks of hospital-acquired infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus are being recognized with increasing frequency in the United States. Two thirds of outbreaks have been centered in critical care units. Infected and colonized inpatients appear to be the major institutional reservoir, and transient carriage on the hands of hospital personnel appears to be the most important mechanism of serial patient-to-patient transmission. In over 85% of hospitals into which they have been introduced, methicillin-resistant strains of S. aureus have become established as endemic nosocomial pathogens. A program designed to control a widespread outbreak in a university hospital used three surveillance methods to identify the major institutional reservoir of colonized and infected inpatients. Daily clinical laboratory surveillance, monthly prospective microbiology surveys of high-risk inpatients, and the recognition of previously infected 38%, 31%, and 31% of new cases, respectively. After control measures were instituted, the prevalence (p less than 0.001) and the number of acquisitions (p less than 0.002) of methicillin-resistant S. aureus declined over a 12-month period. PMID- 7114628 TI - Multiply antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: introduction, transmission, and evolution of nosocomial infection. AB - A burn patient with a multiply antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection was transferred to Harborview Medical Center from a burn unit in another state. Despite standard wound precautions, transmission to 34 patients occurred during the subsequent 15 months. Twenty-seven of the patients were infected. Disease included pneumonia, empyema, bacteremia, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and burn and wound infections. Seventeen of the 34 patients died. Phage typing and plasmid analysis showed the spread of multiply resistant S. aureus from the burn unit to the surgical intensive care unit where a study evaluating the use of chloramphenicol in cases of bowel sepsis was in progress. During this period the organism became resistant to chloramphenicol by acquiring either of two chloramphenicol R-plasmids. Using plasmid profiles and antibiograms, four epidemic strains were identified that assisted in identifying patient and personnel reservoirs. The outbreak was controlled only after rifampin was added to vancomycin treatment of infected patients, which correlated with eradication of the carrier state. PMID- 7114630 TI - Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis in the Detroit Medical Center. AB - Between June 1980 and September 1981 we evaluated 24 cases of endocarditis from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. All of the cases occurred in drug addicts and all were community-acquired. The patients ranged in age from 21 to 59 years and represented an older population than that generally reported for bacterial endocarditis in addicts. Men and women were equally represented (one man presented twice). This unusually high proportion of women may reflect a difference in the rate and location of carriage of methicillin-resistant S. aureus compared with that of methicillin-sensitive staphylococci. Three patients died, one of whom had signed out of the hospital on the 14th day and returned moribund 27 days later. Vancomycin treatment for 28 days was adequate therapy for most patients. PMID- 7114631 TI - Vancomycin therapy for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Ten patients with bacteremia due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were treated with vancomycin. These patients were compared with matched controls, nine bacteremic patients with methicillin-sensitive S. aureus, and one patient with penicillin-sensitive S. aureus. Controls were treated with a penicillin. There were no significant differences in time to defervescence, metastatic infections, relapse, mortality, need for surgical drainage, or duration of therapy. Fifteen of 19 episodes of serious methicillin-resistant S. aureus infection responded to vancomycin. Severe toxic effects included tinnitus, neutropenia, rash, and possible nephrotoxicity. Tolerance (a minimal bactericidal concentration to minimal inhibitory concentration ratio of at least 32), but not a minimal bactericidal concentration of at least 32 mg/L, correlated with therapeutic failure (respectively, p = 0.04 and p = 0.11, Fisher's exact test). Bacteremic infections due to methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus cause similar morbidity and mortality. Vancomycin is effective but potentially toxic therapy for most serious infections due to methicillin resistant S. aureus. In-vitro tests may not predict therapeutic efficacy. PMID- 7114632 TI - Accidental hepatitis-B-surface-antigen-positive inoculations. Use of e antigen to estimate infectivity. AB - We assessed the ability of radioimmunoassay for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) to predict infectivity in exposed medical personnel by analyzing 390 samples of sera positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) that were implicated in accidental inoculations of known outcome. The radioimmunoassay detected HBeAg or its antibody (anti-HBe) in 91% of the donor sera. The incidence of hepatitis B was 19% (44 of 234) in recipients of HBeAg-positive sera but was only 2.5% (three of 121) in recipients of sera positive for anti-HBe, and nil (none of 35) in recipients of sera negative for HBeAg and anti-HBe. The known relation of HBeAg and infectivity was quantified by radioimmunoassay as a risk ratio of 10:1 (HBeAg positive to HBeAg-negative) for this type of exposure. The sensitivity of the radioimmunoassay also showed that a large proportion (55%) of donor sera not producing hepatitis were positive for HBeAg; therefore, even the most flagrant needlestick exposures to HBsAg-positive sera often must involve subthreshold amounts of infective material. PMID- 7114633 TI - Phlegmonous gastritis after endoscopic polypectomy. PMID- 7114634 TI - Cimetidine-induced anaphylaxis. PMID- 7114635 TI - Treatment of infections due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus are resistant to other penicillins. The in-vitro susceptibility to the cephalosporins differs among strains. Some strains, susceptible to cephalosporins by the standard disk susceptibility test, are proved resistant by the quantitative dilution test; they may show pop-up colonies within the zone of inhibition when incubated further at room temperature. The clinical efficacy of the cephalosporins with or without an aminoglycoside in treating infections due to methicillin-resistant S. aureus is in doubt. To date, susceptible to vancomycin. In-vitro antagonism of vancomycin and rifampin against S. aureus has been shown. Thus, vancomycin alone appears to be the treatment of choice; if this treatment fails, aminoglycoside or rifampin should be added. Serum bactericidal titers should be carefully monitored before and after the addition of the new agent and in-vitro time-kill studies of combination of antibiotics done if feasible. PMID- 7114636 TI - Use of the treadmill test in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease in patients with chest pain. AB - For the best clinical use of the treadmill exercise test, and to have rational expectations of it as a reliable diagnostic tool, sound understanding of the information provided by the test is needed. The electrocardiographic response to cardiopulmonary stress; blood pressure response; and workload, heart rate, and blood pressure achieved at peak exercise all are important indicators of exercise performance and must be considered when interpreting test results. Test results indicating the presence or absence and extent of coronary artery disease must be interpreted in the light of particular clinical factors, as diagnostic accuracy differs with patient populations. Diagnostic use of the treadmill test in patients with chest pain syndromes is reviewed, and issues that must be considered by the clinician in doing the test and evaluating its results are emphasized. PMID- 7114638 TI - Medical responsibility and thermonuclear war. AB - The attention of physicians is being drawn to the issue of nuclear weapons and nuclear war, creating controversy about whether a political concern is appropriate for health care professionals. The use of nuclear weapons would incur human death and injury on a scale both unprecedented and unimaginable, and possibly damage the ecosphere far beyond the weapons' immediate effects. Medical supplies and facilities would be nonexistent; no meaningful medical response would be possible. A physician's responsibility to prevent nuclear war is based on the imperative to prevent a devastating incurable disease that cannot be treated. Such an imperative is consistent with the historic tradition of the social responsibility of health professionals, and can be justified by philosophical argument. PMID- 7114637 TI - Variability in physician bioethical decision-making. A case study of euthanasia. AB - A patient management problem was developed to assess differences in case information processing and variability in physicians' decisions to withhold supportive therapy. An interview was done to assess physicians' values and elicit reasons for their decisions. Two hundred and five residents, attending physicians, and community practitioners in internal medicine and family medicine were interviewed. Internal medicine residents were most inclined to allow the patient to die, private practitioners to provide respirator support. Residents and attending physicians gave higher value to, and sought significantly more, socioeconomic information about the patient than did private practitioners, and also estimated a shorter life expectancy for the patient. "End-stage disease" and "poor quality of life" were common explanations for withholding respirator support. Physicians' decisions to intubate were attributed to the perceived "acute reversible" nature of the medical problem. PMID- 7114639 TI - The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 7114640 TI - Prevention of hepatitis B through the use of vaccine. PMID- 7114642 TI - The road away from nuclear war. PMID- 7114641 TI - Help with diagnostic decisions. PMID- 7114643 TI - The medical consequences of radiation accidents and nuclear war. Health Policy Committee, American College of Physicians. PMID- 7114644 TI - Hepatitis B vaccine. PMID- 7114645 TI - Hepatitis B virus infection and cyclophosphamide. PMID- 7114647 TI - Chenodiol and gallstones. PMID- 7114646 TI - Nitrofurantoin and chronic active hepatitis. PMID- 7114648 TI - Nadolol and papilledema. PMID- 7114650 TI - Pheochromocytoma, prazosin, and hypotension. PMID- 7114649 TI - Zomepirac, interstitial nephritis, and renal failure. PMID- 7114651 TI - Naloxone and alcoholic intoxication. PMID- 7114653 TI - Emotional conflicts in the resident. PMID- 7114652 TI - Clay ingestion and iron deficiency anemia. PMID- 7114655 TI - [Acute tricyclic antidepressant intoxication. Evaluation of severity and treatment. A study of 16 patients with cardiovascular manifestations (author's transl)]. AB - Among the 94 tricyclic antidepressant intoxications received in 3 years in the intensive care unit of Edouard Herriot Hospital, 16 with cardio-vascular manifestations are studied. The criteria of selection is the presence on the electrocardiogram (ECG) of a ventricular trouble in conduction excitability or automaticity. Eight times, the ingested dose exceeds 20 mg/kg. 10 times several toxics are taken explaining the severity of coma and the rarity of convulsions. 2 collapses, 1 shock, 1 cardiac arrest occur. The most frequent ECG abnormalities are: T modifications, (90 p. 100), prolongation of QT interval (60 p. 100), right bundle branch block (50 p. 100) or left one (25 p. 100). Only one death occurs; (1 p. 100 of this series). Ventricular dysrythmia or myocardial failure represent the main criteria in the evaluation of severity of the tricyclic antidepressant intoxication. For the treatment, a complete digestive evacuation is needed, Hemodialysis, plasmapheresis, or hemoperfusion cannot be actually recommended. The treatment of cardiac troubles involves essentially sodium. and eventually intra-cardiac pace maker. PMID- 7114654 TI - [Tumoral medullary compressions in malignant hemopathy (a 28 cases review (author's transl)]. AB - The authors reviewed 28 cases of tumoral medullary compressions in malignant hemopathy. At once they point out 2 groups according to the fact that this compression is or not the revealing symptom of the disease. With regard to different data, that is to say, preoperative clinical examination with complementary investigations, and then results obtained from decompressive laminectomy followed or not with complementary therapy; the elements of the functional prognosis are analysed. They insist on frequency of medullary compression in a neuro surgical environment, as the revealing symptom of the hematologic disease and its immediate decompressive therapy is emphasized. PMID- 7114656 TI - [Bone scintigraphy and diagnosis of osteoarticular tuberculosis in migrant workers. Study of a series of 50 scintigraphies]. AB - Bone scintigraphy with 99 m technetium labelled phosphorus compounds was achieved in 50 west Africans migrant workers in Paris. Bone and joint tuberculosis was assumed in 20 cases. In 5 of these 20 cases, bone scan, but not X-Ray, showed abnormalities, and in 4, bone scan disclosed more localisations than X-Rays. In 7 cases, yet, bone scan was normal, with major osteolytic X-Rays lesions in 3 cases, minor in 2 cases, and isolated cold abscesses in two more cases: these means 7 false-negative results. Among the 30 other cases, 29 were considered as mechanical vertebral pathology, and 1 sacro-iliitis Brucellosis. Bone scan was normal in 28 cases the 2 others are unexplained false-positive. Although non specific and not completely reliable, we think that bone-scanning is useful in bone-tuberculosis check-up, especially to obtain early diagnosis and detect multifocal localisations. PMID- 7114657 TI - [Radiation induced femoral palsy (author's transl)]. AB - We report four cases of femoral palsy due to compressive fibrosis, after pelvic radiation therapy. Three patients had Hodgkin's disease, and one testicular seminoma. Prominent clinical features include major groin induration and underlying swelling. Unlike what is usually seen in tumor relapse, little or no pain is associated with these neuropathies. The femoral post-radiation palsy develops earlier and faster than brachial plexus palsy of same aetiology. In one case, progressive aggravation led to surgical neurolysis which resulted in dramatic and long lasting improvement. The principal preventive and therapeutic managements are discussed: since compressive fibrosis is related to the use of isolated and massive electron beam therapy, various association of cobalt and electron beam therapy are designed to best prevent the side effects of each of these methods. The early treatment of developing fibrosis by D. penicillamine is discussed. PMID- 7114658 TI - [Radiation-induced coronary artery disease. One observation (author's transl)]. AB - Twenty-seven reports (26 from the literature) of radiation ischemic heart diseases are studied in order to specify their clinical and pathological findings and their natural history. This complications appear after treatment of radiation curable diseases with a mean delay of 4 years in young patients (mean age of 31). Several coronary arteries are often injured with fibrous and or atherosclerotic anatomical lesions. The frequency of this coronary artery diseases is certainly more important than reported since they are often latent but probably progressive. However, atherogenic factors increase the risk and must be lowered in a preventive aim; as a rule, the radiotherapeutic technique must also be as perfect as possible. The prognosis of this radiation induced coronary artery diseases is poor: 19 myocardial infarctions and 12 deaths are observed but no cardiac death occurred in patients who received a by-pass graft. So, radiation ischemic heart disease needs active investigation and therapy. PMID- 7114659 TI - [Sleep stage IV deficit in psychosocial dwarfism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7114660 TI - [Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia: two case reports (author's transl)]. AB - Two cases of familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) are reported with a review of the literature. Both cases had hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, variable parathormone (PTH) levels and hypocalciuria. The parathyroid glands were only slightly hyperplastic and subtotal parathyroidectomy did not reduce the hypercalcemia. FHH is an autosomal dominant congenital disease with high penetrance. It is characterised by hypocalcemia. This contradictory biological finding should alert the physician to the diagnosis and initiate a familial enquiry. The serum PTH and urinary cyclical-AMP levels do not distinguish FHH from primary hyperparathyroidism. Surgery is usually contraindicated because it is ineffective and because the disease is usually benign. Semi-quantitative bone histology in a patient with a high PTH level was normal. The value of bone biopsy in these cases is discussed. PMID- 7114661 TI - [Anatomo-clinical conference. Hopital Cochin. Case No. 4--1982. Prolonged fever and vascular complications in a 60-year-old woman]. PMID- 7114662 TI - [Towards an automatic classification of psychotropic drugs, based on computerized card-index of their properties]. AB - The authors give the used statistical approach to realize automatic classification on computarized clinical data about 111 psychotropic drugs. Four ways of analyses are used: a reciprocal averaging method to describe and to put together the numerous properties, a cluster analysis and a sequential dynamic clusters method to define groups, a decisionnal method discriminal analysis, to put non classified drugs down these groups. This methodology points out six groups characterized by clinical properties. Others reciprocal averaging analysis part: desinhibitors antipsychotic drugs and sedative antipsychotic drugs, monoamine oxydase inhibitors and others antidepressants, amphetamine drugs and non amphetaminic psychostimulants. This statistical way permits classification of new drugs without a priori. PMID- 7114663 TI - [A look at the exhibitionist, according to expert opinions of Clerambault]. PMID- 7114664 TI - [First graphic representations of operative models in psychopathology]. PMID- 7114666 TI - [Psychopathologic language. 1. The double-meaning dialogue]. AB - The psychopathological language is analysed in three forms about the intra personnal and the inter-personnal relations: 1) The double without dialogue; 2) The ego in the soliloque; 3) The sex of the words. In this first part a clinical case is proposed by "The double" than by F. Dostoievski. The most obscure part of the personality, the non-self, is the origine of a delusion. The development of delusion is favorised by a non-control of the dialogical structure of the language under social pressures. PMID- 7114665 TI - [Medifoxamine 50, an antidepressive drug without atropine-like side effects]. PMID- 7114667 TI - [Hypnosis, hysteria, psychoanalysis. Apropos of 5 cases]. AB - Five cases, chosen for their illustrative value and for the perspectives they open up for clinical and theoretical research, show that hypnosis does sometimes produce lasting results in patients who have failed to respond to all other forms of treatment; after all these centuries, this form of therapy is alive and well. Further, hypnosis offers an excellent opportunity of studying suggestion, which lies at the heart of the psycho-therapeutic process in general, and which is still little known. The strength of still-surviving prejudice on this subject are an obstacle to greater understanding. PMID- 7114668 TI - [Forensic psychiatry study of suicide (author's transl)]. AB - The forensic study of suicide should include prevention of suicide but also discuss on a large lethal dimension. Actual researches are centered into a genuine suicidology and are oriented toward the study of determination of exact causes of death, improvement of statistics and information. Psychodynamics of suicide behaviors, discuss the concept of intentionality of death and consciousness of the act. Medical responsibility requires precisions according with the evolution of psychiatric techniques. This study will also discuss problems of traffic accidents, suicide post homicide. Ethics, agreement of care, post-traumatic compensation are also studied. PMID- 7114669 TI - [Depressions and grief disorders (clinical record)]. PMID- 7114670 TI - [Clinical trial of quinupramine in the treatment of depressive states. synthesis of 3035 cases]. PMID- 7114671 TI - Herpes Simplex keratitis: epidemiologic aspects. AB - Review of medical records of 141 patients with acute epithelial herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) showed that recurrences, but not initial episodes, were more likely to happen from November through February than during other months of the year (P less than .04). Other findings included a high male to female ratio in patients older than 40 years of age (1.67:1.0; P less than .03) and a median time interval between episodes (in patients with recurrent disease) of 1.5 years. Although we identified no risk factors for frequent recurrences or for severe disease, our data support the hypothesis that nonherpetic viral respiratory infections may trigger recurrences of HSK. PMID- 7114673 TI - Proptosis and pseudocyst formation from inverted papilloma. PMID- 7114674 TI - Results of glass intraocular lens insertion. AB - Glass lenses were inserted in ten eyes. Nine eyes achieved 6/12 or better visual acuity. No complications related to the intraocular lens were encountered. Because of our satisfactory initial results we feel that glass intraocular lens implantation may be considered as an alternative, especially in eyes with corneal opacity or diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 7114672 TI - A new treatment of pthiriasis palpebrarum. AB - Treatment of phthiriasis palebrarum so far is unsatisfactory and prolonged. It was an accidental finding that led us to try various strengths of fluorescein on head lice. It was seen from our study that 20% fluorescein resulted in the lice' instantaneous death. This percentage was used in all our subsequent cases of phthiriasis with excellent results. A new method for the treatment of phthiriasis palpebrarum from the eyelash by a single application of 20% fluorescein is described. This method required no sedation or anesthetic and can be carried out as an outpatient department procedure. It is nontoxic and not irritating. There is no risk of the physician being infested, as the lice and nits are killed instantaneously. PMID- 7114675 TI - Extralimbal Trantas' dots: report of a case. AB - A nine-year-old boy with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) developed Trantas' dots over a central corneal plaque. This case shows that Trantas' dots, originally seen only at the limbus, may occur in the center or the cornea. PMID- 7114676 TI - Choroidal melanoma appearing as vitreous hemorrhage. AB - A 63-year-old woman had a spontaneous vitreous hemorrhage in her right eye that precluded adequate visualization of the posterior segment. Initial ultrasonic examination disclosed findings compatible with vitreous hemorrhage, hemorrhagic retinal detachment, and choroidal elevation. A second ultrasonic examination two months later showed findings compatible with choroidal melanoma, which was confirmed on histopathologic examination of the enucleated eye. Large vascular tumor channels, intratumor scar tissue, irregular tumor surface contour, and focal proliferation of retinal pigment epithelium confirmed the site of the hemorrhage, which had extended into the vitreous cavity. PMID- 7114677 TI - Chemical vitrectomy: change of solid gel vitreous to sol for vitrectomy by changing pH of vitreous toward the slight acid side. AB - Solid gel vitreous was changed to sol by changing the pH of the vitreous toward the slightly acid side by using diluted acetic acid of various weak concentrations. For human and rabbit vitreous in vitro, the gel sol change with regard to time in respect to concentration of the weak acid was noted. Rabbit eyes in vivo were used. In vitro and in vivo complete change of gelly vitreous to sol was achieved in about one hour by use of 0.3 mL of 0.5% acetic acid without any effect on the retina, choroid, optic disc, or the lens. This chemical vitreous fragmentation for vitrectomy was tried successfully on human eyes using 0.5 mL of 0.5% acetic acid without any bad effect in cases of vitreous hemorrhage not clearing in two months, posterior perforating injuries, and before cutting vitreous bands. A simplified method for pars plana irrigation drainage of liquid or chemically liquefied vitreous is described. PMID- 7114678 TI - Retinopathy in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - A 30-year-old woman who was being treated with steroids for systemic lupus erythematosus developed a retinopathy originally diagnosed as secondary to her underlying disorder. The progression of the retinopathy eventually made its infectious cause apparent. The relative infrequency of widespread retinopathy in lupus and the lack of ocular inflammation in this disorder are emphasized. The necessity of considering opportunistic infections in immunosuppressed patients is stressed. PMID- 7114679 TI - Late onset of total eversion of the upper eyelids. AB - A case of total eversion of both upper eyelids of late onset is reported. There were no associated ocular or general anomalies. No apparent cause was found. The treatment was directed toward diminishing the swelling of the lids and preventing corneal involvement, secondary infections, and epidermalization of the conjunctiva. Within the first week, the eyelids returned to their normal position. In a three-month follow-up period, no complication or other anomalies were found. PMID- 7114680 TI - Bilateral spontaneous regression of retinoblastoma with dominant transmission. AB - A young man with three patches of regressed retinoblastoma with good visual acuity is described. The other eye was phthisical. Circumstantial evidence suggests that this eye also has a regressed retinoblastoma. The patient's daughter showed histopathologically confirmed well-differentiated retinoblastoma. PMID- 7114681 TI - Congenital epithelial cysts of the iris stroma. AB - Although epithelial implantation cysts in the anterior chamber and iris have often been described, spontaneous congenital epithelial cysts of the iris stroma are not common. A cyst large enough to obstruct vision and cause amblyopia was removed surgically from a 6-month-old infant. The presence of goblet cells in th epithelium may be related to the embryologic source or the cells. PMID- 7114682 TI - Relation between HLA-B27 and clinical features in patients with acute anterior uveitis. AB - Twenty-six patients with acute anterior uveitis associated with HLA-B27 antigen were compared with 31 patients with acute anterior uveitis HLA-B27 negative. No statistical difference was found in the clinical picture of both groups except for the occurrence of unilateral or bilateral involvement. Almost all patients with bilateral eye involvement were HLA-B27 negative and had no evidence of systemic disease, while unilateral involvement occurred in both groups of HLA-B27 positive and negative patients. PMID- 7114683 TI - Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy as an initial sign of diabetics mellitus: a case report. PMID- 7114685 TI - Thyroid dysfunction and uveitis. AB - In 544 patients with uveitis, those with presumptive diagnoses of toxoplasmosis, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, toxocariasis, and "unknown" had significant hypothyroidism (defined as a thyroxine level below 5.3 microgram/dL). Those with diagnoses of histoplasmosis, syphilis, rheumatoid arthritis, Fuchs'heterochromic iridocyclitis, serpiginious choroiditis, or HLA B27 did not have such low levels. No diagnostic entities showed significant hyperthyroidism (defined as a thyroxine level of 12.0 microgram/dL or more). All results were based on thyroxine levels; further studies should employ more modern techniques. PMID- 7114684 TI - Kaposi's sarcoma involving eyelid and conjunctiva. AB - This is a case report of Kaposi's sarcoma involving the eyelid an conjunctiva in a man of North American Indian descent. Ocular involvement is rare and has been documented in less than 30 cases in the world literature. The association with visceral lesions and resultant poor prognosis was discussed and illustrated in our patient. Treatment of the eyelid lesion consisted of surgical excision; follow-up observation was limited to four months, as the patient died of a gastrointestinal malignancy. PMID- 7114687 TI - Scleroderma choroidopathy: report of an unusual case. PMID- 7114686 TI - Septic submacular choroidal embolus associated with intravenous drug abuse. AB - A 34-year-old male intravenous drug abuser had acute monocular loss of central vision nine days after fundus examination that had given normal results. He had a presumed septic submacular choroidal embolus in association with septic retinitis. No organism was recovered from the blood cultures. The lesion resolved with a residual chorioretinal scar in the macula and permanent loss of central vision. PMID- 7114688 TI - Systemic reactions following intraocular acetylcholine instillation. AB - An 83-year-old patient undergoing intracapsular cataract extraction under local anesthesia experienced systemic reactions to intraocular acetylcholine chloride instillation. Immediately following the injection into the anterior chamber, severe bradycardia, hypotension, flushing, sweating, and difficulty in breathing were observed. The ophthalmic surgeon must be aware of such side effects and be prepared to treat them. Constant monitoring of the vital signs of the patient is suggested in all cases of intraocular surgery. PMID- 7114689 TI - Intravitreal cilia and retinal detachment. PMID- 7114690 TI - Pupil cycle time in noncompressive optic neuropathy. AB - Pupil cycle time was found to correlate with the clinical findings in 24 patients with noncompressive optic nerve pathology, including 11 cases of multiple sclerosis. Furthermore, subclinical multiple sclerosis was detected by the prolongation of pupil cycle time and was confirmed by visual evoked potential analysis. There was a correspondence between dynamics in the clinical findings and the pupil cycle time in two cases of multiple sclerosis that were followed up. PMID- 7114692 TI - Ossoinig's angle of ultrasonic absorption and its role in the diagnosis of malignant melanoma. AB - Using standardized A-scanning, we have defined a method of quantitating the attenuation of ultrasound through intraocular mass lesions. In a retrospective study using 43 histologically proven melanomas, the attenuation of ultrasound through these tumors was characterized by an angle that we termed "Ossoinig's angle of ultrasonic absorption." This angle was measured on the static Ascans, and the values for melanomas clustered nicely in the 40 to 65 degrees range. The series of tumors also was used to illustrate previously published criteria for the ultrasound diagnosis of malignant melanomas, emphasizing their echographic differences from other lesions. PMID- 7114693 TI - Cavernous sinus thrombosis as a cause of unilateral blindness. AB - Cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) rarely causes blindness. It is sometimes difficult to differentiate clinically from a severe orbital cellulitis. We studied a case of CST that evolved from osteomyelitis and orbital cellulitis in a patient who had a rapid loss of vision to the level of no light perception. Detailed clinical and electrophysiologic tests were performed to pinpoint the cause of blindness. PMID- 7114691 TI - Scleral folding: a manifestation of orbital lymphoma. AB - A 72-year-old man with rapidly progressing, undifferentiated right orbital lymphoma is described. This was manifested by marked exophthalmos and a large inferior scleral fold, both of which responded rapidly to chemotherapy. The usual response of the globe to a localized mass is the development of retinal striae or choroidal folds. This case, however, was unusual in that a large scleral fold developed and resolved without any lasting deficit. PMID- 7114694 TI - Glaucoma and erosion of the intrascleral implant. PMID- 7114695 TI - Ocular findings in xeroderma pigmentosum: report of two cases. AB - Xeroderma pigmentosum is a hereditary precancerous dermatosis caused by a defect in DNA repair-replication after damage induced by exposure to ultraviolet light. The clinical course is characterized by progressive hyperpigmentation and atrophy of the skin with tumorigenesis, basal and squamous cell carcinomas being most common. Ocular involvement occurs in up to 80% of cases, with recurrent infection, neoplasia, and atrophy of the lids, conjunctiva, and cornea the most common findings. Two cases of xeroderma pigmentosum and their ophthalmic findings are described. PMID- 7114696 TI - Optic atrophy after propoxyphene overdose: report of a case. AB - An 18-year-old woman suffered cardiac arrest and became comatose after ingesting a large amount of proxyphene and salicylates. Six days after admission, her pupils, initially miotic, became fixed and dilated. On the seventh day disc edema developed. This was due to optic neuritis from acute Darvon overdose. Within eight weeks the disc edema resolved into a pale white atrophy with severe loss of vision. This is the first reported case of optic atrophy after propoxyphene overdose. PMID- 7114697 TI - Pseudopterygium from exposure to selenium dioxide. AB - Pseudopterygium and symblepharon developed in a patient exposed to selenium dioxide gas. Previously, a case of pseudopterygium had been reported after exposure to seleniferous acid. This cicatricial condition can be distinguished from the pterygium by eccentric location, the lid scarring, and the absence of pterygium in the other eye. This pseudopterygium recurred despite 11 operations. Full-thickness mucous membrane grafts wee used to separate the lid from the globe. PMID- 7114698 TI - An unusual case of retinoschisis and retinal detachment. AB - An unusual case of retinoschisis and associated retinal detachment in a 61-year old man is reported. The case involved a retinoschisis area with 22 outer-layer retinal holes and two inner-layer retinal holes in the superior nasal quadrant of the left eye. The retinal detachment extended posteriorly beyond the schisis area. The patient's condition was managed with a combination of cryotherapy and a scleral buckle. Postoperatively, the did well despite the presence of a choroidal detachment that resolved in one month. Cases previously reported have not precisely listed the number of retinal holes. This case is unusual in that there are an unusually large number of retinal holes. PMID- 7114699 TI - Primary dacryocystitis causing orbital cellulitis. AB - A patient was examined who had acute dacryocystitis that caused true orbital cellulitis. The symptoms of the cellulitis receded after treatment with cephalothin sodium and hot compresses. A dacryocystorhinostomy was performed three weeks later. Delay of the surgery until the acute episode had resolved was probably responsible for the good surgical results. PMID- 7114701 TI - [Knowledge concerning the family-planning clinic among the female population of Milan: studies of a group of 959 puerperas]. PMID- 7114700 TI - [Contraception, pregnancy management and the clinic: opinions of 1271 puerperas in a large hospital on the northern border of Milan]. PMID- 7114702 TI - [Studies of the attitude of a group of puerperas of the Brianza region toward contraception and the services offered for such purposes by the public health organizations]. PMID- 7114704 TI - [Contraception, pregnancy management and the family-planning clinic (findings on 410 puerperas in a Lombard hospital)]. PMID- 7114703 TI - [Pregnancy, contraception and the family-planning clinic: from the woman's point of view (studies of 3635 puerperas in 6 Lombard hospital obstetrical departments)]. PMID- 7114706 TI - [Ovarian thyroid]. PMID- 7114705 TI - [Significance of the changes in the surface epithelium of the endometrium during the menstrual cycle]. PMID- 7114707 TI - [Thyroid function and the climacteric]. PMID- 7114708 TI - [Comparison of various parameters considered in the various "scores" of the cervical mucus]. PMID- 7114709 TI - [Early diagnosis and prevention of female genital neoplasms in a clinic: preliminary evaluations]. PMID- 7114710 TI - [Genital tuberculosis and adenocarcinoma of the endometrium]. PMID- 7114711 TI - Eighth Daniel C. Baker, Jr, Memorial lecture. Subcertification: a dilemma for otolaryngology--head and neck surgery. PMID- 7114712 TI - Office telescopic photography of the larynx. PMID- 7114713 TI - Laryngeal sarcoidosis: report of 13 patients. AB - Of 220 patients with sarcoidosis of the head and neck region, representing 9% of 2,319 patients with sarcoidosis seen at the Mayo Clinic from 1950 through 1981, we identified 12 who had laryngeal sarcoidosis. Edematous, pale, diffuse enlargement of the supraglottic structures was the most common laryngeal manifestation. The diagnosis is made by a group of clinical, radiologic, and laboratory findings, confirmed by the finding of noncaseating granuloma on biopsy. Sarcoidosis is a disease with frequent remissions and exacerbations and generally burns itself out; glucocorticoids may be indicated in particularly severe disease. When laryngeal sarcoidosis is suspected, the laryngologist should collaborate with other clinicians in a thorough evaluation of the patient. PMID- 7114715 TI - Age-related changes in the epithelium of the monkey larynx. AB - An experiment was designed to measure the area of subglottic squamous epithelium in a group of 14 adult monkeys. The animals were much older than any so far available for medical research. The larynges were strained using pyronin Y, which stains respiratory epithelium magenta and squamous epithelium pale pink. The areas of squamous epithelium inferior to the free margin of the vocal cord were measured. The results showed that the subglottic epithelium increased with age (r = +0.61, p = less than 0.05). This finding may have importance in the staging of laryngeal carcinoma. PMID- 7114714 TI - Laryngotracheal invasion by thyroid-carcinoma. AB - Laryngotracheal invasion by well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma is an uncommon occurrence. Recommendations for therapy have primarily included total laryngectomy or shaving of the tumor from laryngeal or tracheal cartilages. Clear guidelines have not been established for the applicability of partial laryngeal resections. In a retrospective analysis of patients with thyroid carcinoma, 13 patients had airway invasion. Of the five patients with laryngeal involvement, three were treated by a partial laryngeal resection. An experimental study was undertaken to determine more precisely the amount of cricoid cartilage which could be resected without reconstruction. Varying amounts of cricoid cartilage were resected. The results indicate that 25% of the cricoid cartilage may be resected without appreciable airway narrowing. On the basis of the retrospective analysis and experimental study, we feel a partial laryngeal resection is possible in most cases of airway invasion by thyroid carcinoma. PMID- 7114716 TI - Classification and approach to patients with functional voice disorders. AB - Functional voice disorders result from vocal misuse or abuse; they are more easily recognized than other psychosomatic disorders because the clinician is able to visualize the laryngeal structure and function. If those structures appear normal, then an aberration of voice quality can be assumed to be functional. Functional dysphonia with prolonged aberrant vocal usage may lead to development of secondary pathological lesions of the larynx, which, although true pathological entities, must be recognized as resulting from the underlying and preceding functional disorder. In this report, we present a classification of and an approach to the diagnosis and treatment of functional voice disorders. On the basis of our clinical experience with 52 patients, we distinguished five types of functional voice disorders: type 1, hysterical aphonia/dysphonia; type 2, habituated hoarseness; type 3, falsetto voice, type 4, vocal abuse; and type 5, postoperative dysphonia. Forty-eight of the 52 patients (92%) were followed for a median period of 16 months (range 2-51 months). Therapy yielded excellent results in patients with types 1, 2 and 3; good results with types 4 and 5. PMID- 7114717 TI - Pathogenesis of vocal cord polyps. AB - Polyps of the vocal cords are a separate entity occurring nowhere else in the larynx or in the human body. Gelatinous and telangiectatic, but mainly transitional types of polyps can be discriminated. Histological, histochemical and electron microscopic investigations on a series of polyps show that an alteration of the permeability of blood vessels may be of importance, allowing the extravasation of edema fluid, fibrin or erythrocytes. Following this, reactive processes develop with the formation of labyrinthine vascular spaces. This process is very similar to the organization of a thrombus. Since polyps occur mainly in people who use their voices very intensively, and develop at the site of maximum muscular and aerodynamic forces exerted during phonation, vocal cord polyps are considered a sequela of a phonotrauma. PMID- 7114718 TI - Predictive factors of success or failure in the endoscopic management of laryngeal and tracheal stenosis. AB - Stenosis of the larynx and/or trachea presents perplexing problems. No one technique has proved totally satisfactory in the management of all varieties of stenosis. Recent reports have described the successful use of the CO2 laser in the endoscopic management of stenosis of the larynx and trachea. Failures of this technique need emphasis to assure appropriate selection of therapeutic method. Retrospectively, 49 cases of laryngeal stenosis, 6 cases of tracheal stenosis and 5 cases of combined laryngeal and tracheal stenosis were studied (total 60 patients) following treatment at the Boston University Affiliated Hospitals. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 8 years. Multiple procedures were required in 35 laryngeal patients. Of the laryngeal patients 39 were successfully managed (average number of procedures in successful cases 2.18). Of 11 tracheal patients with combined laryngeal and tracheal procedures, 3 were successfully managed (average number of procedures in successful cases 6). Failures in laryngeal stenosis included four patients in whom an adequate airway was not established though voice was present while maintaining tracheostomies. Thirteen patients failing endoscopic management required open surgery with good result. Factors associated with poor result or failure include circumferential scarring with cicatricial contracture, scarring wider than 1 cm in vertical dimension, tracheomalacia and loss of cartilage, previous history of severe bacterial infection associated with tracheostomy, and posterior laryngeal inlet scarring with arytenoid fixation. In these circumstances, multiple procedures, more extensive alternative open surgical techniques, or maintenance of tracheostomy were necessary. In successful cases only three or fewer procedures on average were required. The factors associated with failure or success of endoscopic methods in the management of laryngotracheal stenosis, including use of the CO2 laser and soft Silastic stents, are analyzed. PMID- 7114720 TI - Chondrosarcoma of the larynx: excision of massive recurrence. AB - Chondrosarcoma of the larynx is an uncommon, slow-growing malignant tumor of the larynx which tends to metastasize late. This paper adds to the literature a case which was followed for 18 years. During the first three years it was thought to be a benign chondroma. Conservative management by limiting surgical resection, at the patient's direction, allowed observation of the disease for this unusual length of time. Massive enlargement finally necessitated laryngectomy. The lesion, though unquestionably malignant, had not infiltrated adjacent neck structures and appears to have been totally excised, with the patient now being free of disease six months after surgery. This supports the view of conservative surgical management. PMID- 7114719 TI - Diagnosis and conservative surgical management of chondrosarcoma of the larynx. AB - The incidence, clinical findings, location, etiology, clinical diagnosis, and surgical treatment of chondrosarcoma of the larynx are discussed. Important features in the diagnosis and treatment of a chondrosarcomatous tumor of the larynx are demonstrated in a case report. The patient's chief complaint was episodic shortness of breath occurring with increasing frequency over a period of 12 months. Her dyspnea progressed in severity until an emergency tracheotomy was required for airway control. CT scan documented the attachment of the tumor to the right posterior lateral wall of the cricoid cartilage. Direct laryngoscopy and biopsy were done to obtain tissue for diagnosis. The histopathological examination revealed low-grade chondrosarcoma. The tumor was removed totally with a wide-margin mucous membrane incision and careful curettement. A definite difference in the consistency of the tumor compared to normal cartilage allowed complete excision of the tumor with minimal sacrifice of healthy cricoid cartilage. This presentation emphasizes the conservative surgical removal of these tumors and notes how a curette can be used for this removal. PMID- 7114721 TI - Primary management of laryngeal trauma. PMID- 7114723 TI - Treatment of severe subglottic stenosis without tracheotomy: a preliminary report. AB - Subglottic stenosis in neonates, infants and children is one of the most challenging problems confronting the pediatric otolaryngologist today. Small patients with congenital or acquired stenosis were enough to require tracheotomy must undergo repeated endoscopic procedures or laryngotracheal reconstruction; weeks, months, or years may be required to attain a lumen large enough to permit decannulation. During 1981, six infants and children with severe subglottic stenosis were managed without tracheotomy. The surgical technique employed involves endoscopic excision of the offending subglottic tissue using the CO2 laser and suspension microlaryngoscopy. Intraoperative intubation is avoided by using an insufflation technique for general anesthesia which permits unobstructed visualization of the larynx, thereby avoiding laryngeal trauma and edema. PMID- 7114722 TI - Assessment of intubation in croup and epiglottitis. AB - Nasotracheal intubation for the management of airway obstruction in acute epiglottitis has become a well-received practice. However, the same technique has not received widespread support in laryngotracheobronchitis. The purpose of this study was to update the series of nasotracheal intubations in croup and epiglottitis from Columbus Children's Hospital with the specific intent to evaluate its effectiveness. All patients were evaluated for any immediate and delayed complications. Delayed complications were evaluated using parent interviews and measuring expiratory flow rates. This study of 45 children intubated for epiglottitis and 83 intubations for croup reconfirms the earlier report from this institution about its safety in both conditions. However, it has identified a subset of the croup patients who are definitely at risk to develop complications of the technique. In those children under 1 year of age, a disturbingly high incidence of subglottic stenosis was identified and this appeared to be related to the patient's age, tube size, serial intubations (dilatations), and duration of intubation. Suggested guidelines for airway management in the light of the new information are presented. PMID- 7114724 TI - Infant tracheotomy. PMID- 7114725 TI - Laryngeal paralysis in children: a long-term retrospective study. PMID- 7114726 TI - Laryngeal papilloma: results of treatment with the CO2 laser and podophyllum. AB - From 1976 to 1982, 109 patients with recurrent laryngeal papillomas were treated with a total of 548 CO2 laser excisions followed by podophyllum painting. There was high incidence of multiple sites of involvement, especially the tracheobronchial tree (18.3%) and palate (8.3%). Four patients had pulmonary parenchymal involvement. Patients were treated at 2-month intervals until they entered remission. Thereafter, microdirect laryngoscopies were advised at longer intervals. Remission was achieved in 41%; it occurred at all ages although it was most common during adolescence and rarest in the very young and very old. Many patients obtained remission with the CO2 laser after multiple prior cup forceps removals had not achieved remission. Only two tracheotomies (1.8%) were required and no deaths occurred. When compared with mechanical methods of papilloma removal, CO2 laser excision with podophyllum painting represents a clear advance in terms of preservation of laryngeal physiology and avoidance of life threatening complications. PMID- 7114727 TI - Cricothyroidotomy: the impact of antecedent endotracheal intubation. AB - In light of the current debate regarding cricothyroidotomy, we elected to study the procedure at our institution. Cricothyroidotomy was instituted whenever tracheotomy was necessary for airway management. After a fairly short period of time, some significant complications of cricothyroidotomy were apparent and the study was aborted prior to achieving statistically significant results. The report reviews 15 consecutive cricothyroidotomies. Five (33%) developed significant complications requiring surgical intervention. Of the five, two had life-threatening airway obstruction. The major underlying factor in patients who developed complications was prolonged intubation prior to the institution of cricothyroidotomy. The study suggests that cricothyroidotomy should not be performed after prolonged intubation. The issue of primary cricothyroidotomy for short-term airway control remains unanswered. PMID- 7114728 TI - Nerve-muscle pedicle reinnervation of the larynx: avoiding pitfalls and complications. AB - The procedure for innervation of bilateral vocal cord paralysis using nerve muscle pedicle technique has now been well established in the literature. Moreover, several other centers have reported success using this technique. Nevertheless, the author is aware that a significant number of well trained otolaryngology-head and neck surgery practitioners have found difficulty in making the procedure successful in their hands. It therefore seems appropriate to address those aspects of patient evaluation, technique and postoperative follow up that have brought a satisfactory level of success in the author's hands. Preoperative evaluation of patients is the cornerstone of success in nerve-muscle pedicle reinnervation. It is imperative that the larynx be properly evaluated to be certain that there does not exist fixation or ankylosis of one or both arytenoids in addition to paralysis. Clearly if such fixation exists, nerve muscle pedicle reinnervation cannot be successful. Several pertinent aspects of technique with special reference to the identification of the proper nerve-muscle pedicle, the design of the pedicle and proper identification of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle will be discussed. Postoperative evaluation of patients may be difficult for inexperienced operators. The author has seen at least three patients who were operated on by other surgeons who were referred because of "failure" of the procedure only to find that all three of them were successfully reinnervated with satisfactory motion of the reinnervated cord for reasonable day to-day activity. All aspects of postoperative evaluation and management will be discussed as well. PMID- 7114729 TI - Surgery of the inferior nasal turbinates. AB - The inferior turbinates are responsible for nasal obstruction more often than commonly thought. When there is no other obvious cause or nasal obstruction, and when allergic disorder or other medical condition is not responsible, attention should be given to treatment of the inferior turbinates in many instances of nasal obstruction. Such treatment is usually surgical and may consist of submucous resection of the turbinate bone or excision of redundant hyperplastic turbinate tissue, or a combination of the two. Other treatments consist of electrocautery or cryotherapy. Injection of corticosteroids have produced blindness through embolism and, in general, this treatment is discouraged. The paper discusses in some detail which patients are best suited for submucous resection and which for excision of soft tissue. Techniques, which are simple, are also described. PMID- 7114731 TI - Tracheostomal stenosis following total laryngectomy. AB - Stenosis of the tracheostoma after laryngectomy is an infrequent but often distressing postoperative complication. Recognition of possible predisposing factors will allow appropriate preventive measures in preoperative planning, surgical technique and postoperative care. We describe a surgical technique which can be utilized to correct tracheostomal stenosis or can be used at the time of initial stomal construction. Our method emphasizes mobilization of the tracheal stump, extensive excision of subcutaneous fat, excision of redundant skin and creation of a posterior-superior skin flap which is interdigitated into a vertical posterior tracheal incision. Our method is compared to other techniques described in the literature. PMID- 7114730 TI - Correction of posterior glottic incompetence following horizontal partial laryngectomy. AB - Posterior glottic insufficiency following horizontal partial laryngectomy results in persistent aspiration. A new method of correction of this occurrence is described. The procedure is an extralaryngeal approach. A tracheotomy is not required. The procedure was successful in 4 of 6 patients. PMID- 7114732 TI - Predicting esophageal speech. AB - Patients undergoing laryngectomy in the 1980s have a low rate of acquisition of esophageal speech. The interaction of the factors of postoperative physical performance status, preoperative phonation duration, postoperative dysphagia, site of lesion, patient income, and postoperative radiation therapy correctly predict the acquisition of esophageal speech in 83% of cases and the failure to acquire esophageal speech in 96%. Such information may be helpful in selecting patients for alternative forms of postlaryngectomy speech rehabilitation. PMID- 7114733 TI - Primary vocal rehabilitation using the Blom-Singer and Panje voice prostheses. AB - Vocal rehabilitation by means of tracheoesophageal puncture and placement of either the Blom-Singer or Panje silicone prosthesis has become a standard method of speech production following total laryngectomy. The same technique has been employed primarily at the time of the laryngectomy by the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University Medical Center, and our experience with 11 patients undergoing this technique forms the basis for this report. Of the ten patients available for evaluation, all have developed satisfactory prosthetic speech 2-12 weeks following total laryngectomy. Advantages of this technique include the utilization of standard laryngectomy without compromise of oncologic principles, elimination of a second procedure to place the tracheoesophageal puncture, elimination of the nasogastric tube, care in the pharyngeal closure to afford the maximum success of prosthetic speech production, and finally, the psychological boost. Limitations of the technique have been few but relate to limited voicing with postoperative radiotherapy and unrealistic patient expectations. PMID- 7114734 TI - Chemical modulation of the hypoxic fraction in the treatment of head and neck cancer. AB - Treatment of large squamous carcinomas of the head and neck often requires intensive of multidisciplinary treatment. Despite such aggressive measures, local recurrence is common. Possible reasons for such local failure are numerous. Hypoxic but viable tumor cells may be one means of resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. If surgical removal cannot eliminate these cells, tumor regrowth may occur. Modulation of the hypoxic fraction is one means of potentially altering resistance to radiotherapy. Misonidazole, a radiosensitizer, has been thought to increase free radical formation in hypoxic cells in vitro thus increasing the radiosensitivity. This observation is discussed with reference to advanced head and neck cancer. PMID- 7114735 TI - [Persistent light reaction due to phenothiazines in atopic disease (author's transl)]. AB - Phototesting has been performed in 6 atopic patients who had been suffering of eczematous lesions on sun exposed areas. MED was always of normal value. Phototest was positive in 2 patients. Above all photopatch-test with chlorpromazine was positive in 5 out of 6 patients, allowing the diagnostic of persistent light reaction. The cause of photosensitivity may be the use of phenothiazin derivatives anti-histaminic drugs. The use of phenothiazin derivatives has to be avoided in the treatment of atopic condition for this reason and because of the potential risk of actinic reticuloid in the course of persistent light reaction. PMID- 7114736 TI - [Xanthelasma palpebrarum and dyslipoproteinaemia: two retrospective studies (author's transl)]. AB - In a retrospective study about 600 hyperlipoproteinaemic patients (390 men and 210 women, mean age 47), xanthelasma palpebrarum was infrequent (25 cases or 4.16 p. 100), since it was only at the third rank of chronic extra-vascular lipid deposits after arcus corneus and tendineous xanthomas. It was twice as frequent in men (5.12 p. 100) as in women (2.38 p. 100) and of regularly increasing occurrence until the sixth decade. Among the atherosclerotic risk factors, only obesity was significantly associated. The existence of atherosclerotic diseases was observed more frequently in patients with xanthelasma palpebrarum (40 p. 100) than in total hyperlipoproteinaemic population (28 p. 100). In a second retrospective study concerning 29 patients (15 men and 14 women, mean age 50), selected from the only presence of one or several xanthelasma palpebrarum, a lipoproteinaemic abnormality was observed in 27 cases (93 p. 100): 23 patients (71 p. 100) were hyperlipoproteinaemic (type IIa, IIb or IV) and in 4 out of 6 normolipidemic patients we observed an abnormal lipoprotein cholesterol distribution (LDL + VLDL cholesterol increase and HDL cholesterol decrease). In this group, we observed in nine patients (31 p. 100) unknown atherosclerotic diseases and tendineous xanthomas in other nine patients (31 p. 100). PMID- 7114737 TI - [Urticarial rash in cow-milk allergy (author's transl)]. AB - Five recent cases of urticarial rash with cow-milk allergy are reported. They all occur at the time of weaning in children who have been sucking during at least three weeks. In three of those cases, digestive manifestations were also found. The histological pattern of the skin showed a vasculitis with deposits of fibrinogen and complement. The steadily high rate of IgE and positive cow-milk RAST in five cases give arguments for reaginic allergy in extra digestive manifestations of cow-milk proteins allergy. The treatment is the suppression of cow-milk and of any products which might contain milk proteins. Our cases had a favorable evolution. PMID- 7114738 TI - [Bureau-Barriere's acro-neuropathy. Complementary studies and definition of ante acropathy status (author's transl)]. AB - Systematic study of 28 patients suffering of Bureau-Barriere's acro-neuropathy. This study emphasize several particular factors. Significant increase of IgA, with a slight extend of transferrin. The authors debate the straight correction between increase of IgA and nervous illness. Study of peripheral nerves exhibits, in optic and electronic microscopies, direct and indirect signs of wallerian degeneration and significant axonal lesional prevalence. The study of anatomical specimen (foot) corroborates this data. Bony scintigraphic show the constancy of fixation and his connection with bearing surface. Witness demonstrate the specific character of this data. This investigations prove that the Bureau Barriere's diseases is an alcoholic neuro-acropathy and allow the definition of ante-acropathic status (axonal sensitive neuropathy-scintigraphic fixations, increase of IgA). Prophylaxis in emphasized. PMID- 7114740 TI - [Xeroderma pigmentosum and long-term treatment with an aromatic retinoid. Preventive effect on epitheliomatous degeneration?]. PMID- 7114741 TI - [Association of dermatomyositis, toxoplasmosis and tuberculosis]. PMID- 7114739 TI - [Ectodermosis erosiva pluri-orificialis-like reaction to piroxicam (Feldene)]. PMID- 7114743 TI - [Erythema multiforme with mucous membrane involvement: responsibility of diclofenac?]. PMID- 7114742 TI - [Gougerot's trisymptom complex induced by anti-inflammatory agents. Role of diclofenac?]. PMID- 7114744 TI - Plastic surgery and civilian casualties due to "terrorist" activities. AB - Between 1975 and 1979, 511 injuries were caused by "terrorist" explosions in Jerusalem; 340 patients were treated at the Shaare Zedek Medical Center. The injuries were studied and analyzed. The Department of Plastic Surgery bore the brunt of the work, receiving over one-third of all admissions. More than half the hospitalization days went to plastic surgery patients. It seems that when there are large numbers of casualties due to explosions, the plastic surgery service should be enlarged immediately to cope with the large proportion of victims who will be referred to it. PMID- 7114745 TI - Modification of the bipedicled vertical dermal flap technique in reduction mammaplasty. AB - Various modifications have been made in the original McKissock design for breast reduction. These include limited areola elevation, a short inframammary incision, a narrow-based inferior vertical dermal flap, and deep coring out of all the remaining breast parenchyma. Reliance is placed on some sponotaneous skin shrinkage over the upper half of the breast following excision of breast tissue in depth. Consistently satisfactory results have attended routine use of this method-equally so when employed by surgeons in training. PMID- 7114746 TI - Retromammary versus retropectoral breast augmentation-a comparative study. AB - Repeated postaugmentation capsular formation following retromammary silicone implantation led surgeons to seek an alternative procedure. In 1968 Dempsey and Latham first reported the "subpectoral" route for location of the implant. Since then little data has been published comparing retromammary and retropectoral breast augmentation. The aim of this study is to compare the two procedures in terms of various factors affecting the physical and emotional well-being of the breast-augmented patient; breast firmness (according to Baker's classification), patient approval, the surgeon's judgment, and the husband's or partner's evaluation are all weighed. The study included 40 patients, 20 of whom underwent retromammary augmentation, the remaining 20 retropectoral augmentation. All 40 responded to a questionnaire designed to elicit comparative data. A detailed analysis of the results was made, leading to the following conclusions: first, patient approval was largely the same in the two groups, although slightly higher in the retropectoral group. However, both surgeons and husbands preferred the retropectoral method of prosthesis insertion. PMID- 7114747 TI - Closure of chronic wounds of the perineal and sacral regions using the gluteal thigh flap. AB - A new flap of the buttock and posterior thigh has been developed for closure of wounds of the perineal and postsacral regions. Flap anatomy and operation technique are described. Five patients with difficult wounds were selected to demonstrate the versatility and range of this flap. In 40 patients under 65 years of age with a variety of buttock and perineal wounds, there have been no appreciable wound-healing problems with use of this flap. PMID- 7114748 TI - Treatment of cutaneous malignant melanoma in Israel, 1960 to 1970. AB - A retrospective study was performed of 512 patients suffering from primary cutaneous malignant melanoma of the skin who had been treated in Israel between 1960 and 1970. The patients were randomly admitted to six hospitals and treated according to different protocols, based on the policy of each hospital. Our conclusions are that in stage I of the disease, radical prophylactic lymph-node dissection (RPLND) improved the prognosis in all three levels of tumor invasion into the skin; in stage II of the disease, RPLND did not improve the prognosis when compared to wide excision of the tumor and excision of the clinically involved nodes; and in stage I of the disease, there is no statistically significant difference in prognosis between excisional biopsy and wide excision of the tumor. PMID- 7114749 TI - Correction of hypospadias, types I and II. PMID- 7114750 TI - Penile skin flap for reconstruction of the scrotum in Fournier's gangrene. AB - A new procedure for repairing damage to the scrotum caused by Fournier's gangrene is dscribed. Complete and quick covering of the exposed testicles is important aesthetically and functionally. A distally based flap split in the middle is designed. Flap viability is ensured by an abundant blood supply and venous return. This one-stage procedure for reconstruction of the scrotum using a flap of penile skin has proved effective in selected cases. PMID- 7114751 TI - Urethral stricture following indwelling catheter in hypospadias repair. AB - We report 2 patients who were operated on for hypospadias in whom severe dysuria developed several weeks after the removal of a Foley catheter, which had been in place for two and eight days, respectively. Distal urethral narrowing was diagnosed by endoscopy and by micturating cystourethrography. Since we believe the urethral stricture was caused by the indwelling catheter, we now use cystotomy for urinary diversion in all patients operated on for hypospadias. PMID- 7114752 TI - Epithelioid sarcoma of the hand. AB - A case of epithelioid sarcoma in a young man is described. At 16 years of age the patient had two skin ulcers removed from his hand, which were diagnosed as synovial sarcoma. At 21 years he underwent wide excision of the same area, including part of the thenar muscle, and a diagnosis was made of palmar fibromatosis with no confirmation of malignancy. Histological examination of biopsied growths three years later at age 24 showed the typical picture of epithelioid sarcoma. Following further excisions of local recurrences and removal of half the distal part of the forearm, the patient agreed to below-elbow amputation at age 27. He died within the year. The case presents the typical features of epithelioid sarcoma: apparently benign presentation on the hand in a yound man, a histological picture resembling other diseases resulting in misdiagnosis early in the disease, and local recurrences and metastasis. The misleading clinical and histological pictures of this insidious disease are discussed. PMID- 7114754 TI - Rehabilitation following electrical injury. PMID- 7114753 TI - The Sharplan CO2 surgical laser in neonatal surgery. PMID- 7114756 TI - Chin augmentation--a restrospective study. AB - A retrospective study of 480 Silastic chin implants is summarized and analyzed. The surgeon's own variations on the operative procedure are detailed, including the staging of the simultaneous nose-chin operation in which the chin work is started first, with a temporary interval for hump removal, followed by termination of the chin work and a return to the nose operation. A variation in the handling of the Silastic implant is described in which parallel incisions are made on its inner side to avoid dead space and undesired tension. The results of the 480 cases are presented. The overall complications rate was 2.3%, though the total percentage of implants removed was only 1.46. PMID- 7114755 TI - External compression for the prevention of scar capsule contracture--a preliminary report. AB - One of the many methods that have been suggested for the prevention of capsule contracture is the use of capsule expansion exercises. However, the effectiveness of such treatment has remained controversial and has never been studied in a controlled manner. An experiment was designed to study the effect of intermittent external compression on gel implants in dogs. In adult mongrel dogs 200 cc gel implants were placed subcutaneously on either side of the chest wall. Postoperatively, the dogs were treated with an inflation panel which was held over one implant by a canvas jacket. The other implant served as a control. The implants were evaluated by both applanation and indention tonometry. Treatment continued for three months and the dogs were followed for an additional twelve months postoperatively. Of the original 5 dogs, 2 failed to develop contracture on either side. The remaining 3 developed varying degrees of contracture which was in all cases more severe on the control side. In the twelve months of subsequent follow-up, 2 of these dogs remained soft on the treated side and firm on the control side. PMID- 7114758 TI - Autologous transfusion and the preservation of frozen red blood cells. AB - Freezing red blood cells for indefinite lengths of time for subsequent transfusion has become an accepted blood banking procedure. Its advantages over 35-day preserved citrated blood are reviewed and the technical aspects of freezing outlined. As the number of known hazards of homologous transfusion increases, the advantages of autologous transfusion are increasingly being recognized. The combination of frozen preservation and autologous transfusion is the ideal method of blood replacement. Plastic surgeons can frequently anticipate their blood needs in view of the large number of elective procedures, and should utilize this method of blood replacement. PMID- 7114757 TI - Pathology and treatment of nasoschizis. AB - A craniofacial malformation is caused by a developmental arrest that results in focal fetal dysplasia. The severity, location, and number of these dysplasias make a wide spectrum of abnormalities possible. In this spectrum nasal dysplasia and, more particularly, the malformations characterized by a cleft in the lateral part of the nose play a prominent role, but in past years they have received only scant attention. In Tessier's classification this nasoschizis is the Number 1 cleft. We present here our observation in 2 patients with nasoschizis and the procedure used to correct it. Both patients were operated on at the Rambam Medical Center in Haifa, Israel. PMID- 7114759 TI - The inferior segment technique for breast reduction. PMID- 7114760 TI - Critical closing pressure, local perfusion pressure, and the failing skin flap. AB - A simple apparatus was devised to perfuse the rat groin flap to study the relationship between perfusion pressure and flow. Results demonstrate that a relatively high intraarterial pressure must be applied to this skin flap before blood flow will commence. Results suggest that this critical closing phenomenon is the result of surface tension, blood rheology, venous pressure, tissue pressure, and vascular smooth muscle tone. Correlating the experiments of Milton and Landis reveals that, beyond a certain distance, local perfusion pressure in a skin flap gradually decreases with increasing distance from the flap base. These observations suggest that the perfusion boundary in a skin flap forms at the point where perfusion pressure has fallen to the level of the critical closing pressure. Methods of increasing survival length of a flap by decreasing critical closing pressure are discussed. The effects of edema and pressure dressings on flap and replant survival are examined in terms of the closing pressure concept. PMID- 7114761 TI - The use of transcutaneous oxygen pressure measurement in flap surgery. PMID- 7114762 TI - Skoog versus conventional rhytidectomy. AB - The Skoog SMAS rhytidectomy has generally been accepted since its introduction as being superior to conventional rhytidectomy. A study is presented comparing major complications and "redo" modalities to determine if one or the other precedure is superior. The study revealed that the Skoog rhytidectomy yields fewer major hematomas but that there is a greater need for "redos" within the first year for unsatisfactory results, as well as a significantly larger number of facial nerve injuries. PMID- 7114763 TI - Amniotic membranes as dressings following facial dermabrasion. AB - Facial dermabrasion produces a raw, painful, partial-thickness wound, quite similar to a split-thickness skin graft donor site. The various methods of dressing such wounds employing ointments, impregnated gauze, bulky absorptive dressings, xenografts, or allografts are time consuming, uncomfortable for the patient, and not infrequently characterized by localized purulence and delayed healing. Experience with amniotic membranes as biologic dressings, both experimental and clinical, prompted a trial of these membranes as a dressing following facial dermabrasion. Thirty-three patients undergoing facial dermabrasion were dressed with amniotic membranes following the procedures. The results following this dressing method were excellent. The biologic basis and the techniques of preparing and applying amniotic membranes as dressings following facial dermabrasion are presented. The advantages of amniotic membranes over the other presently employed dressing techniques following facial dermabrasion are discussed. PMID- 7114764 TI - Royal College of Surgeons of England. Second Report on Surgical Manpower and the Career Structure, May 1982. PMID- 7114765 TI - The circumventricular organs of the brain: their role as possible sites for future neurosurgery. AB - In this paper an attempt is made to give an account of the possible significance of the circumventricular organs to the neurosurgeon. Two major members of the group, the neurohypophysis and the pineal organ, are not considered, largely because of the vast literature which has already accrued on these two structures. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between the circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid and the problem of hydrocephalus, the choroid plexus, and the possible roles of Reissner's fibre and the subcommissural organ. PMID- 7114766 TI - Toxic dilatation and perforation in inflammatory bowel disease. AB - The diagnosis and management of dilatation of the colon and free intestinal perforation in inflammatory or infective bowel disease are reviewed with reference to 32 cases seen during an 8-year period. Toxic dilatation of the colon occurred in 20 patients, including 6 with infective colitis. Ileostomy with subtotal colectomy and mucous fistula is a satisfactory operation for toxic dilatation due to inflammatory bowel disease. Patients with infective colitis can generally be treated without operation. Free intestinal perforation was seen in 12 patients. Colonic perforation may occur in association with toxic dilatation, but more usually it occurs without dilatation as a complication of Crohn's disease. Free perforation of the ileum was seen after a short illness in patients with Crohn's disease. PMID- 7114768 TI - Arterial and transcutaneous oxygen tension measurement during hypotensive anaesthesia. AB - The values of oxygen tension (PO2) as measured by transcutaneous (at two different sites) and invasive methods were compared during hypotensive anaesthesia with sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in 15 patients. Generally the PO2 significantly decreased during and increased after SNP-induced hypotensive anaesthesia (p less than 0.001). A positive correlation was found between the ratios of change of invasive arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) and supraclavicular transcutaneous oxygen tension (tcPO2) both during (r = 0.64) and after (r = 0.83) hypotension. A similar correlation existed between the ratios of change of PaO2 and forearm tcPO2 only after (r = 0.66) but not during (r =0.33) hypotensive anaesthesia. It is concluded that any of the above methods can be used to give an assessment of PO2 changes during SNP-induced hypotension provided the prehypotensive value is measured. For quantitative measurement of PO2 the invasive method is the first choice. Supraclavicular tcPO2, however, can give an accurate result, while the forearm tcPO2 is the least sensitive. PMID- 7114770 TI - Fluid replacement in burns. A burns calculator. AB - The successful treatment of major burns depends upon accurate and early fluid replacement in the first 36 h. A burns calculator has been designed, based upon the Muir and Barclay formula, which should facilitate the estimation of fluid requirements in burned patients and therefore improve their immediate management in accident and emergency departments. PMID- 7114771 TI - Radical surgery for pilonidal sinus. AB - Pilonidal sinus disease in 72 patients was treated by radical excision and primary wound closure and the results compared with those other currently practised techniques. A number of factors have been examined in an attempt to identify a group of patients in whom the risk of delayed healing is high. PMID- 7114767 TI - Exteriorisation resection of the colon. AB - The early results of 34 exteriorisation resections of the colon are presented, 25 being emergency procedures and 9 elective. The operative mortality in the emergency group was 20% and there were no deaths in the elective group. All patients who survived the postoperative period have had their colostomies closed. The operation was technically simple and quick to perform. It is one of the safest methods of resecting colon. The technique proved to be a useful alternative to standard techniques in colonic perforation, colonic obstruction with proximal faecal retention, nonviable sigmoid volvulus, diverticular disease requiring resection, and colovesical and colouterine fistula. PMID- 7114773 TI - The College Course in Clinical Surgery. PMID- 7114772 TI - The management of certain abdominal herniae by intra-abdominal closure of the neck of the sac. Preliminary communication. AB - Various herniae present at the time of major abdominal surgery were managed by simple occulusion of the peritoneal opening of the sac by interrupted metal clips. Short-term success (the longest follow-up is over 44 months) in 11 of a series of 12 patients (one patient died before follow-up could be carried out) has led to the development of a method for closure of the neck of the sac via laparoscopy. This approach has been used in one case with early success and a full clinical trial is being planned. PMID- 7114774 TI - Treatment of bleeding duodenal ulcer. PMID- 7114775 TI - Anaesthesia for microsurgery of the larynx. PMID- 7114769 TI - Popliteal artery aneurysm. AB - Fourteen patients with atherosclerotic aneurysms of the popliteal artery, which were bilateral in 13, have been managed in a vascular unit where ultrasound, xerography, and isotope angiography are available for investigation. Although these methods are useful in confirming a suspected diagnosis, they cannot replace an awareness of the condition and clinical methods of examining the ischaemic lower limb. Reconstructive vascular surgery was effective in preserving the presenting leg in 5 cases and amputation was needed in 6, while no operation was needed in 3. Elective arterial surgery was carried out on the asymptomatic contralateral leg in 7 cases with good results and this active approach to treatment is recommended. PMID- 7114776 TI - Oestrogen receptor analysis in early cancer of the breast. PMID- 7114777 TI - Drainage after cholecystectomy. PMID- 7114778 TI - Facial expression in acute appendicitis. PMID- 7114779 TI - Rectal anastomosis with the EEA stapling instrument. PMID- 7114780 TI - Anastomotic leakage in oesophageal atresia. Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations. AB - Oesophageal anastomotic leakage complicates 5-38% of operations performed for congenital atresia, and continues with prematurity and concomitant anomalies to be a cause of a fatal outcome. After a short review of the diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities of this complication the authors present their own series of 37 consecutive oesophageal atresia and/or oesophagotracheal fistula. Seven of these had anastomotic leakage within 2 to 8 days after operation. Three of them had been primarily operated on through a retropleural approach. The remaining four had had a transpleural approach and were all treated with an immediate rethoracotomy and resuture of the disruption with good primary results. A few cases reported earlier and the authors' present experience support the view that rethoracotomy and resuture of the disruption in transpleurally operated patients provides a method which allows early debridement of the pleural cavity and pulmonary reexpansion, accelerates secondary anastomotic healing and shortens the period needed for pleural drainage and intravenous nutrition. PMID- 7114781 TI - Results of treatment of primary ovarian carcinoma. AB - A retrospective evaluation of 146 patients with primary ovarian carcinoma treated in the University Central Hospital of Tampere over the period 1962-1971 is presented. Diagnosis and clinical stage of the carcinoma were always confirmed operatively. 54.1% of the cases were diagnosed at clinical stage I-II. The mode of treatment was surgery without any adjuvant therapy in only 15 cases (10.3%), surgery and chemotherapy in 55 cases (37.7%), surgery combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy in 29 cases (19.9%) and surgery combined with radiotherapy in 13 cases (8.9%). In 34 cases of advanced ovarian cancer the operation remained explorative. Chemotherapy comprised high-dose cyclosphosphamide therapy and radiotherapy was given as external irradiation. The 5-year survival rate in the entire material was 47.9%; in stage I 82.3%, stage II 58.8%, stage III 23.1% and stage IV 0%. The prognosis was best for patients with mucinous cystadenocarcinoma and poorest for patients with anaplastic and endometrioid adenocarcinoma. PMID- 7114782 TI - Lateral ligament injuries of the ankle. Results of primary surgical treatment. AB - 76 cases of fresh lateral ligament injuries were operated on by primary suture. The preoperative diagnosis of severe lateral ligament sprain was based on clinical and radiological instability as seen by talar tilt and anterior drawer sign tests. A good diagnostic accuracy was achieved. A walking cast was worn for four weeks after the operation. A follow-up study was undertaken 24 to 44 months after the operation. 71 ankles were excellent or good, three ankles were fair, while only two ankles showed a poor operative result. Both patients with a poor result had suffered a recurrent sprain. It is concluded that operative correction of fresh severe lateral ligament injuries gives satisfactory results. PMID- 7114783 TI - Lateral ligament injuries of the ankle. Surgical treatment of late cases. AB - 34 ankles with prolonged instability of the lateral ligaments were operated on by the Evans tenodesis procedure. The follow-up period was 24 to 35 months. 33 patients showed subjective improvement, only one had marked postoperative complaints. It was observed that the Evans operation gives good stability of the ankle. As a simple and safe procedure this operation is to be recommended for standard correction of old posttraumatic lateral instability of the ankle joint. PMID- 7114784 TI - Results of intensive care in abdominal surgery patients. AB - A one-year follow-up of 300 consecutive critically ill abdominal surgery patients treated in an intensive care unit is presented. 77 patients (26%) died during intensive care. By the end of the follow-up period altogether 139 patients (47%) had died from the primary disease. Almost all patients who died after intensive care, did so within the first month. The majority of the survivors (124 patients) recovered completely, most of them within six months after intensive care. Only 22 patients remained incapable of their previous work, and five became permanently disabled. Mortality rates were at their lowest in diseases of the pancreas (34%), the stomach and duodenum (43%) and of the liver and gall bladder (44%), if cirrhosis with ruptured oesophageal varices is excluded; here the mortality was highest, 76%. PMID- 7114785 TI - Sciatic pain from an aneurysm of the internal iliac artery. AB - A 66-year-old man suffered from sciatic pain in the right leg for many years. As a result he was operated upon 4 years ago but without obtaining permanent help. In spite of the operation and angiography the correct diagnosis was made by means of rectal palpation and computerized tomography. The diagnosis was confirmed by further angiography. The cause of the sciatic pain was a large aneurysm of the internal iliac artery which was subsequently operated upon. Proximal ligation of the internal iliac artery was performed and the pain disappeared completely post operatively. PMID- 7114786 TI - Massive bleeding and hyperpotassaemia. A case report. PMID- 7114787 TI - Pancreatico-pleural fistulae. Presentation of a case and review of the literature. PMID- 7114789 TI - The genetic relationship between the human foetal acetylesterase ESA7 and the adult acetylesterase ESA5. AB - (1) There are very few clear examples among human enzymes of foetal isozymes which are the products of foetal specific gene loci. Earlier studies had pointed to the foetal brain esterase ESA7 as a probable example. (2) Detailed biochemical investigation of partially purified human adult brain ESA5 and the foetal esterase ESA7 has revealed a close resemblance in the biochemical properties of these two isozymes. In addition to similarities in substrate specificity and inhibition sensitivity the two esterases have the same molecular size (c. 57,000), are both relatively unstable at 37 degrees C and show decreased anodal electrophoretic mobility after storage at 20 degrees C. Furthermore there was suggestive evidence that ESA7 and ESA5 may be interconvertible. (3) A variant esterase isozyme pattern, which shows unusual features of both ESA7 and ESA5, was found in a survey of 120 foetal brains. This variant pattern is consistent with a monomeric structure for both esterases and points strongly to a common genetic determination. PMID- 7114790 TI - Assignment of the gene for cytosolic alanine aminotransferase (AAT1) to human chromosome 8. AB - The segregation of human cytosolic alanine aminotransferase (AAT1) and the individual human chromosomes has been studied in 27 secondary and tertiary rat hepatoma-human (liver) fibroblast hybrids. The staining solution used to visualize AAT activity on starch gels was specific for AAT since it was visualized only when all components of the stain were present. The locus for human AAT1 has been assigned to chromosome 8. PMID- 7114791 TI - Regulation of expression of liver-specific enzymes. II. Activation and chromosomal localization of soluble glutamate-pyruvate transaminase. AB - 1. The expression of soluble GPT (E.C. 2. 6. 1. 2) was analysed in seventeen independent rat hepatoma/human somatic cell hybrids and in forty-one subclones derived from two of these hybrids. 2. As judged by electrophoretic mobility, twelve hybrid clones expressed rat GPT activity only and three expressed strong rat and weak human GPT activity but no heteromeric isozymes. In the remaining two hybrids, only human GPT was demonstrable. 3. The segregation of GPT and marker enzymes in the primary hybrid cells and the subclones suggests that the human structural GPT locus is on chromosome 8. 4. The re-expression of rat GPT in segregating subclones derived from two primary hybrids which had extinguished this function, could not be correlated with presence or absence of any particular human chromosome(s). PMID- 7114788 TI - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: genetic heterogeneity in Sardinia. AB - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) was partially purified from red blood cells of 44 Sardinian males with severe enzymatic deficiency and the variants characterized chromatographically and biochemically to see if there is genetic heterogeneity of the enzyme in Southern Sardinia. Three different variants associated with severe G6PD deficiency were identified: the common G6PD Mediterranean variant; G6PD Sassari, recently described by Testa et al. (1980), and a new variant that we have designated G6PD Cagliari. Family studies were carried out to demonstrate that these variants are due to the presence of different alleles. PMID- 7114792 TI - Mapping studies on human mitochondrial glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase. AB - Data from six primary hybrids and twenty-two subclones have confirmed the assignment of the mitochondrial form of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase to chromosome 16. Family studies have provided independent confirmation of this and have suggested the gene order PGP-16qh-GOT2-HP. These studies were made easier by the development of a new stain for the detection of GOT activity. PMID- 7114793 TI - Chiasma derived genetic maps and recombination fractions: chromosome 1. AB - Chiasma distribution data from six human males have been used to calculate genetic distance and recombination for chromosome 1. Estimates given for each major chromosome band are valid only under the assumption that there is no chromatid interference, no chiasma movement, and no differential chromosome contraction between mitosis and meiosis. PMID- 7114794 TI - [In vitro studies on vitamin B6 serosa to mucosa flow in response to various concentrations of pyridoxine HCl in the serous solution]. AB - In vitro experiments using everted sacs of the jejunum of rats weighing about 160 g were conducted to study the possibility of a flux of pyridoxine . HCl (PN . HCl) from the serosa to the mucosa. After an incubation of 45 min with 0, 2, 4, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200 or 500 micrograms PN . HCl per milliliter of serosal solution the transport of vitamin B6 into the intestinal wall and into the mucosal solution was measured. Between the concentration of PN . HCl of the serosal solution and the amount of vitamin B6 transported into the mucosal solution and into the intestinal wall, respectively, there existed a linear correlation in the tested range. In comparison to the serosal amount, the amount transported into the mucosal solution and into the intestinal wall, respectively, was constant when the concentration of PN . HCl in the serosal solution exceeded 25 micrograms PN . HCl per milliliter. Consequently a reflux of vitamin B6 from serosa to mucosa is principally possible, whereby this reflux would depend on a concentration gradient, however. THe possible role of this reflux in respect of maintaining homeostasis of vitamin B6 in the organism is discussed. PMID- 7114795 TI - Incorporation of dietary 1-O-alkyldiacyl glycerols into tissue lipids of neonatal rats. AB - 3H-[9,10]-1-O-alkyl-2,3-diacyl glycerols were administered per os to suckling rats at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 18 days of age. 12 h after administration the animals were killed and the distribution of the labelled material was analysed by whole-body autoradiography. The brown adipose tissue (BAT), intestine and liver showed the highest levels of label at all ages. The lipid content of BAT, intestine and liver were separated into lipid classes, which were analysed for their 3H levels. About 30% of the recovered label was found in the phospholipid fraction at all ages. Little of the administered dose was recovered as alkyl glycerols: 5% in the 1-day-old rat decreasing to less than 1.5% at 18 days of age, indicating that dietary alkyl glycerols only to a very limited degree are incorporated in tissue ether lipids in the young rat. PMID- 7114796 TI - Fluorometry of selenium in human hair, urine and blood. A single-tube process for submicrogram determination of selenium. AB - This communication introduces a special lyophilization process for selenium determination by fluorometric methods. It permits a small sample volume, with several modifications including a single test tube process. Samples and standard are lyophilized first, then digested with nitric-perchloric acid mixture in a heated sand bath. Selenium is complexed with 2,3-diaminonaphthalene and extracted by n-hexane in the same test tube. The n-hexane layer is transferred to a cuvette and measured fluorometrically. Selenium concentration in healthy children from Long Island (aged 5-18 years) was: hair 0.765 +/- 0.114 microgram/g (n = 52), urine 28.65 +/- 8.27 micrograms/g creatinine (n = 66), and serum 95.4 +/- 14.4 ng/ml (n = 44). The current literature reflects an increase in the role of selenium in human nutrition. Thus, a simple but reliable method for determination of selenium in biological materials is needed in the clinical and research laboratory. PMID- 7114797 TI - Peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones in vitamin A-deficient rats. AB - Some aspects of thyroid hormone metabolism were studied in rats on a vitamin A deficient diet for 7-8 weeks. It was shown that, in deficiency, thyroxinemia, the extrathyroidal thyroxine (T4) pool and the T4 biological half-life were increased, and the T4 distribution space and the T4 disposal rate were similar to those in control rats. The in vitro formation of triiodothyronine (T3) from T4 by liver microsomes was slightly decreased under basal conditions but similar after addition of glutathione. So the increased T4 half-life in deficient animals may be related to a decreased 5'-monodeiodase activity resulting from decreased glutathione availability. In deficient rats, the T3 serum level was increased, the T3 biological half-life was similar and the T3 distribution space was much decreased. PMID- 7114798 TI - Activation of the alternative pathway of complement by immune complexes and degradation of these complexes by macrophages. PMID- 7114799 TI - Invasive pattern and phenotypic properties of malignant neurogenic rats cells in vivo and in vitro. AB - Twelve malignant neurogenic rat cell lines induced by the carcinogen ethylnitrosourea (EtNU) have been investigated for invasiveness in an in vitro three-dimensional culture system. The histological pattern of invasiveness into embryonic chick heart fragments has been compared to the morphology in subcutaneous and intracerebral solid tumours as well as to other phenotypic properties of the cells. In all the cell lines invasiveness was seen both in vivo and in vitro. The site of in vivo transplantation seemed to influence the tumour host tissue interface, since intracerebral tumours were more sharply delimited than subcutaneous tumours and primary EtNU-induced CNS tumours. The histological patterns in vivo (glioma versus neurinoma-like) were in most cases similar to invasive growth in vitro. The pattern of invasiveness did not correlate to other phenotypic properties of the cells (e.g. ploidy, doubling time, latency for tumour formation and surface microarchitecture). A rat fibroblastic cell line, RE E was non-tumourigenic in rats and non-invasive in culture, but formed small subcutaneous tumours in nude mice. PMID- 7114800 TI - The incidence of breast cancer: analysis of the age dependence. AB - The incidence of female breast cancer was studied as a function of age in 71 different populations throughout the world. Incidence data was normalized for differences in frequency of occurrence. Median normalized incidence increased exponentially from age 20 to 45. After age 45 the rate of incidence decreased, and we suggest that menopause may be responsible for the rate reduction. Populations were not randomly distributed about the total population median normalized incidence at the various age intervals. Populations were classified according to their age-incidence patterns in 3 groups: Group 1 (with median % incidence after age 69=50): Group 2 (with median % incidence after age 69=47), and Group 3 (with median % incidence after age 69=31). At most age intervals, the normalized incidence in Group 1 populations was less than the total median, while the normalized incidence in Group 3 populations was greater than the total median. Although we cannot exclude the possibility that the variation in age incidence patterns among the population groups is an artifact of tumor registration errors, evidence suggests that such an artifact is unlikely. Breast cancer occurs more frequently in Group I populations than it does in Group 3 populations. We suggest that Group 3 populations may share an element of protection from, or that Group I populations may share an element of risk for, breast cancer. PMID- 7114801 TI - Estradiol receptor activity in human breast cancer, disease free interval and survival time. AB - Disease-free interval and survival time of breast cancer patients were investigated in regard to the estradiol receptor (ER) status as measured in the corresponding primary tumours. Disease-free interval and survival time of patients with ER positive breast cancers were found to be significantly longer than those of patients with ER negative tumours. The percentage of ER positive tumours in patients with finished free interval, or that died as a consequence of their disease, is lower than that found in an unselected material. The ER concentrations did not, however, differ significantly. Patients with ER positive breast cancers of stage IV did not survive longer than patients with ER negative tumours. No correlations could be found between disease-free interval and survival time of the patients, and the ER concentrations measured in their corresponding tumours individually. The menopausal status of the patients influenced the disease free interval regardless the ER status of the primary tumours. The survival time of postmenopausal patients with ER positive breast cancers were found to be significantly longer than that of premenopausal patients with ER negative cancers. The average ER concentration of breast cancers of postmenopausal patients with finished free interval is significantly higher than the valve found in cancers of premenopausal patients. PMID- 7114803 TI - Nonobesity at the time of mastectomy is highly predictive of 10-year disease-free survival in women with breast cancer. AB - 25 unselected women with operable breast cancer were followed after radical mastectomy until they died of recurrent cancer (non-survivors), or for 10 years if there was no recurrence (survivors): all the women still alive at 10 years were clinically and radiographically disease-free. Survivors and non-survivors were compared with respect to premastectomy height, and deviation from ideal weight. There were 16 women in the survivor group; at the time of mastectomy, they averaged 11% above ideal weight and only 4 of them (25%) were obese (20% or more above ideal weight). There were 9 women in the non-survival group; they averaged 51% above ideal weight at the time of mastectomy and all of them were obese, as defined. The intergroup difference in mean deviation from ideal weight was very highly significant (P less than 0.0001). Of the 13 women who were obese at mastectomy, only 4 (31%) became survivors, while 100% of the 12 women who were non-obese at mastectomy became survivors; the difference in percent survival was very highly significant (P less than 0.005). Separate evaluation of the roles of height and weight showed that height was not a factor and weight accounted entirely for the observed differences. It appears that maintenance of nonobesity may be a more effective way of decreasing mortality from breast cancer than any other measure proposed to date. PMID- 7114804 TI - Effects of long term administration of nicotine hydrochloride and nicotinic acid in mice. PMID- 7114802 TI - Pattern of metastases distribution in 173 state I or II melanoma patients. AB - 173 patients treated for melanoma (stage I or II) were followed up for 8 to 10 years. The distribution pattern of metastases discovered during the follow-up period was studied. The main localizations in order of decreasing frequency were: regional lymph nodes. local recurrences, skin metastases (including transit metastases), lung, liver, brain, bone, parotid, mediastinum, bowel. mesenterium, stomach, adrenals, larynx and ovary. The data strongly suggest that efficient follow-up of malignant melanoma patients should include regular X-rays, liver, bone and brain scans, and in some cases, laparoscopy. PMID- 7114805 TI - In vitro selection of tumor cells obtained from patients with ovarian carcinoma. A cytogenetic study. AB - Five cases of ovarian carcinoma were studied cytogenetically. Using cell cultures derived from ascitic effusions, two cytogenetically distinguishable cell populations were found in each case: one in the diploid range, and one in the heteroploid range. Selection in vitro occurred against the heteroploid cells. As a result of these findings, it is suggested that chromosome analyses can diminish the possibility of overlooking cellular changes leading to cell populations not representative of the carcinoma in vivo. PMID- 7114806 TI - Studies on various parameters influencing leukemic cell destruction by alkyl lysophospholipids. AB - Critical parameters of alkyl-lysophospholipid (ALP) induced destruction of freshly isolated human leukemic cells have been evaluated. The destructive activity of ALP is shown to be competitively inhibited by metabolizable lysophospholipids added to the cultures. It has also been found that destruction depends on the amount of serum present. Temperature and Ph strongly influence the cytotoxic activity of ALP. A slight decrease in temperature causes a reduction in cell death, whereas a temperature increase results in a marked potentiation. At low pH ALP cytotoxicity is inhibited. Incubation of cells with combinations of ALP and other cytotoxic drugs revealed a striking cytotoxic synergism with vinca alkaloids, whereas corticosteroids retarded ALP induced cell destruction. PMID- 7114807 TI - Plasmapheresis and immunosuppressive drug therapy in the Eaton-Lambert syndrome. AB - Five patients with Eaton-Lambert syndrome (ELS) without associated malignancy were first treated by plasmapheresis alone, and subsequently by plasmapheresis combined with prednisone and azathioprine therapy. Three of the five were also treated by the immunosuppressive drugs alone. Although all three therapeutic regimens resulted in some clinical and electromyographic (EMG) improvement, the greatest improvement was seen during plasmapheresis combined with prednisone and azathioprine. The initial evoked compound muscle action potential (CMAP) increased during treatment in all patients, while facilitation of the initial CMAP by tetanic stimulation decreased. Overall, the EMG decrement elicited at 2 Hz lessened in four of the five patients. Serious complications probably attributable to guanidine toxicity developed in three patients: two had renal failure and one had gastrointestinal and urinary tract bleeding. Our results suggest that immunosuppressive therapy may have a place in the management of ELS and that circulating factors such as autoantibody may participate in its pathogenesis. PMID- 7114808 TI - Slowly progressive aphasia without generalized dementia. AB - Six right-handed patients experienced a slowly progressing aphasic disorder without the additional intellectual and behavioral disturbances of dementia. The symptoms almost universally started in the presenium. The initial difficulty was an anomic aphasia in five of the patients and pure word deafness in the sixth. Continuous and gradual deterioration occurred in the five patients who presented with an anomic aphasia. They eventually experienced additional impairment of reading, writing, and comprehension. In four patients, other areas of comportment were not involved within the 5 to 11 years of follow-up. A more generalized state of dementia may have emerged in the other two patients, but only after 7 years of progressive debilitating aphasia. Neurodiagnostic procedures were consistent with preferential involvement of the left perisylvian region. In one patient, cortical biopsy did not show any pathognomonic change; specifically, no neurofibrillary tangles, amyloid plaques, neuronal inclusions, or gliosis were seen. This condition may constitute a syndrome of relatively focal cerebral degeneration with a predilection for the left perisylvian region. PMID- 7114809 TI - Cognition in Parkinson disease: an event-related potential perspective. AB - Auditory event-related potentials (ERP) elicited in a target detection stimulus paradigm and pattern-shift visual ERPs were studied in 20 male patients with idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD) and 20 age-matched normal controls. Patients showed significantly increased latencies for both the P200 and P300 components of the auditory ERP. Patients and controls showed no significant differences in latency of the visual ERP but patients showed significantly decreased amplitude. Only one of five neuropsychological measures, the Symbol Digit Modalities test (SDMT), showed a significant negative correlation with P300 latency. The significant association between the two measures that showed impairments in the PD patients (P300 latency and SDMT scores) suggested that these measures reflect a common, disrupted aspect of cognitive function in PD. PMID- 7114810 TI - Seizures induced by thinking. AB - A patient with generalized convulsions noted that seizures were reliably precipitated by mental arithmetic. The interictal electroencephalogram revealed only a mild, diffuse, nonspecific disturbance, but bursts of generalized epileptiform activity with no obvious clinical expression accompanied efforts at mental arithmetic with a significantly high incidence. Tasks involving multiplication, division, and manipulation of spatial information were significantly associated with discharges, but few, if any, discharges appeared when addition and subtraction tasks of equivalent difficulty were performed. Tasks involving the retention of numerical information in short-term memory (e.g., immediate repetition of a series of 8 digits) were never associated with paroxysmal EEG activity. It is argued that generalized epilepsy of this kind may be related to focal dysfunction in a manner analogous to the involvement of the occipital lobe in cases of pattern-sensitive epilepsy. PMID- 7114811 TI - Intensive monitoring of interictal psychosis in epilepsy. AB - Ten epileptic patients developed interictal psychosis while being treated in hospital for seizure control. They were subjected to intensive behavioral, video electroencephalographic, and serum anticonvulsant monitoring for an average of 7.1 weeks in a specialized epilepsy unit. In 9 patients, the interictal psychosis was indistinguishable from acute schizophrenia. Only 5 of these patients had complex partial seizures; the other 4 showed evidence of generalized epilepsies. Thus a "unique" association between schizophreniform psychosis and complex partial seizures, noted by previous authors, could not be confirmed. Only 1 patient showed normalization of the electroencephalogram during psychosis and an inverse relationship between psychosis and seizure frequency. In most cases the emergence of psychosis could not be explained. Interictal psychosis in epilepsy appears to be a spectrum of disorders that may be multifactorially determined. PMID- 7114812 TI - Recurrent paraplegia with total recovery from spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma. PMID- 7114813 TI - Encephalomyeloneuropathy with ganglionitis of the myenteric plexuses in the absence of cancer. AB - A 55-year-old woman presented with rapidly progressive brainstem dysfunction which led to death within a month. She also had constipation for three weeks, and barium enema showed ileus. Subacute encephalomyelitis predominantly involving the medulla and pons correlated with the patient's initial symptoms. In addition, ganglionitis of the myenteric plexuses explained the constipation and ileus. Ganglioradiculoneuropathy was another finding. The presence of abundant neuronophagia in the brainstem, dorsal root ganglia, and myenteric plexuses raised the speculation that a putative virus, toxic agent, or immune reaction possessed special affinity for neurons and ganglion cells. The neuropathological findings were similar to paraneoplastic changes, but no neoplasm was found. PMID- 7114814 TI - Propranolol-associated visual reduction. PMID- 7114815 TI - Putaminal lesions in Leigh disease. PMID- 7114816 TI - Kuru with incubation periods exceeding two decades. AB - The clinical characteristics of kuru in 15 patients are described. All the patients had a history of joint pains preceding difficulty walking. The severity of the neurological dysfunction varied from mild truncal and limb ataxia necessitating the use of a stick for walking to terminal illness accompanied by marked ataxia, rigidity, spasticity, and dementia. All the patients with kuru in this study had a apprehensive, frightened facial expression. Most of the patients examined showed diminished or absent optokinetic nystagmus bilaterally. Apprehensive facies and diminished optokinetic nystagmus have not previously been described in kuru. The other clinical features of the current patients with kuru are similar to those recorded twenty years ago. Epidemiological surveillance, anamnesis, and missionary reports strongly suggest that all the patients described in this study were exposed to the kuru agent more than two decades ago through ritualistic cannibalism. Thus the incubation period or time interval from exposure to the onset of clinical illness exceeds two decades, while the duration of illness is two years or less. The cause of these extraordinarily long incubation periods is unknown but may result in part from exposure to small doses of the kuru agent through an inefficient oral route. PMID- 7114817 TI - Misonidazole Neuropathy: a clinical, electrophysiological, and histological study. AB - We studied eight patients with carcinoma of the pharynx and larynx (five cases) or lungs (three cases) who, during treatment with the radiosensitizing drug misonidazole, developed peripheral neuropathy dominated by severe sensory symptoms and signs mainly localized to the lower extremities. The symptoms partially subsided within months after cessation of therapy. Electrophysiological and histological findings indicated an axonal neuropathy with loss of large fibers and secondary demyelination. The neurotoxic property of misonidazole limits its therapeutic use. PMID- 7114818 TI - Dopamine and homovanillic acid concentrations in striatal and limbic regions of human brain. AB - In an attempt to further define the dopaminergic nature of the limbic nucleus accumbens from the morphologically similar striatal caudate and putamen, the levels of dopamine (DA), homovanillic acid (HVA), and HVA/DA ratios, an index of dopamine turnover, were measured in these three structures of human brain. The levels of dopamine in the accumbens (2.49 ng/mg), caudate (2.39 ng/mg), and putamen (3.00 ng/mg) were similar. The homovanillic acid concentration in the accumbens (7.44 ng/mg) and putamen (6.54 ng/mg) were comparable, while its concentration was considerably lower in the caudate (3.61 ng/mg). The most striking difference between the limbic accumbens and the striatum was observed in the HVA/DA ratio. This index of turnover was significantly higher in the accumbens (3.64) when compared to the caudate (1.80), and was 59% higher than that found in the putamen (2.53). The data provide evidence for differences in dopamine activity in the mesolimbic versus the nigrostriatal pathways. PMID- 7114819 TI - Amitriptyline: another cause of internuclear ophthalmoplegia with coma. PMID- 7114820 TI - Does papaverine affect brain dopamine? PMID- 7114821 TI - [Investigations under anesthesia on the effects of endogenous and exogenous factors on corneal sensitivity]. AB - Corneal touch threshold and/or reaction time by the local anaesthetic benoxinate were determined in 91 males and females of different age groups. The corneal sensitivity decreased with advancing age, especially in the centre of the cornea. Comparing male and female subjects, the measurements of females over 40 years were significantly higher at all points of measurement than for male subjects in the same age group. In the nasal area there was a higher corneal sensitivity than in the temporal area in all subjects. Also the reaction time of equal doses of benoxinate is age-dependent meaning that the reaction time increases with age. Genetically determined differences could be supposed but are not yet certain. In order to determine that a corneal sensitivity deficiency exists, it is necessary to take age, sex and exact measurement points into account. PMID- 7114822 TI - Metrical study of rhomboid fossa of clavicle. PMID- 7114823 TI - Study on the distribution of MN blood group system in the six caste populations of Tirupati (South India). AB - The MN blood group distribution was analysed in 600 individuals belonging to six caste groups of Tirupati (Andhra Pradesh, South India). the MN blood groups values are as follows: M = 36.00 to 45.00%, N = 10.00 to 16.00%, and MN = 43.00 to 51.00%. The frequency of the M-gene varies from 0.6050 to 0.6650, and that of the N-gene from 0.3350 to 0.3950. The intergroup differences are statistically not significant, indicating homogeneity of phenotype and gene distribution. PMID- 7114824 TI - [Investigation of human cytogenetics for research on human evolution]. AB - The investigation of human chromosomes has become significant in studies of evolution coincidentally with new developments in clinical cytogenetics. Banding pattern and gene mapping allow identification of individual chromosomes and chromosome parts as well as detailed comparisons between Homo sapiens and Pongidae. The most remarkable difference appears in the different diploid chromosome number, 46 in Homo sapiens and 48 in Pongidae, which can be explained through homozygous state for one translocation chromosome evolved from two acrocentric chromosomes. Chromosome rearrangements, which may have phenotypic significance because of positions effect variegations, are discussed as a mechanism of evolution. Within these species chromosomal variability may occur in the form of normal variants or polymorphic parts of chromosomes. PMID- 7114825 TI - [Isolation and identification of the antibiotics amicetin and nebramycin formed by a Streptomyces coeruleoaurantiacus 4009 culture]. AB - It was found that Str. coeruleoaurantiacus, strain 4009 produced antibiotics 4009 A and 4009-B belonging to different groups. Antibiotic 4009-A was identified as amicetin belonging to the group of pyrimidine bases and antibiotic 4009-B as the nebramycin complex belonging to the group of aminoglycosides. The identity of the antibiotics was confirmed by the physico-chemical constants, spectral and chromatographic characteristics and their chemotherapeutic activity. PMID- 7114826 TI - [Thermostability of inosine and its 8-substituted derivatives]. AB - The derivatographic investigation of high temperature of inosine and its 8 substituted derivatives showed that the process of destruction involved 2 stages: low temperature endothermic decomposition at 120-220 degrees C without liberation of gaseous products (stage I) and high temperature exothermic decomposition to form water (stage II). The presence of electronegative 8-substituents in the inosine molecule made easier the cleavage of the N-glycoside link. This allows the conclusion that the reaction involved formation of intermediate ionic compounds based on ribose and hypoxanthine. PMID- 7114827 TI - [Antibiotic resistance of nodular bacteria]. AB - The effect of several antibiotics on 4 rapid-growing Rhizobia, i. e. R. phaseoli, R. leguminosarum, R. trifolii and R. meliloti and 3 slow growing Rhizobia, i. e. R. vigna, R. japonicum and R. lupini was studied. It was shown that 4 of the species, i. e. R. meliloti, R. japonicum, R. vagna and R. lupini had multiple drug resistance. A tetracycline resistant mutant MC of R. japonicum was isolated. PMID- 7114828 TI - [Size of the area of test-culture growth suppression with polyene antibiotic diffusion into the infected gel as a function of time]. AB - The process of inhibition growth zone formation due to diffusion of polyenic antibiotics into inoculated gel was studied. Variability of the zone size with time was traced as a continuation of the mathematical model of zone formation described earlier. Differences in the zone size variability are shown in case the drug inactivation level is so low that it may be neglected and in case the drug inactivation level is considered. An equation for determination of the maximum zone size for the latter case is presented. The experimental data qualitatively correlate with the theoretical propositions and may be explained within the frames of the mathematical models used. PMID- 7114829 TI - [Mechanism of polyene antibiotic inactivation. The effect of amino sugar oxidation on polyene chain destruction]. AB - Changes in the acid-base characteristics of levorin during its inactivation are discussed. It is shown that with a decrease in the biological activity a change in the basic characteristics of the levorin amino sugar moiety takes place. The kinetic studies with model compounds, i. e. octaenic alcohol and glucosamine showed that the processes of their oxidation were interrelated. Oxidation of the amino sugar played the role of an inducing factor in oxidation of the polyenic chromophore and in addition impaired correlation between the extinction specific coefficient of levorin and its biological activity. PMID- 7114830 TI - [Experimental pharmacodynamic study of rifampicin administered by various methods]. AB - The experimental study was performed on 80 male albino rats. The dose of rifampicin was 10 mg per 1 kg of the body weight. The highest rifampicin levels in the lung tissue were determined at all periods after intrabronchial administration of the drug. Thus, 2 hours after intrabronchial instillation of rifampicin its level in the lung tissue was 10--12 times higher than that after its enteral use. In 4 hours the antibiotic level decreased. Still, it remained 10 times higher than that after the enteral use. In 8 hours the level of rifampicin administered intrabronchially was almost the same as its maximum concentration in the lung tissue attained after the enteral use in 2 hours. By the 12th hour of the intrabronchial administration of rifampicin its concentration in the lung tissue markedly decreased. Still, it was 5--6 times higher than that after the enteral use. The rifampicin levels in the liver tissue after intrabronchial administration of the drug were at all periods much lower than those after the enteral use. The levels of rifampicin in the blood serum after its intrabronchial and enteral administration, as well as those in the liver tissue did not significantly differ. PMID- 7114831 TI - [Antibiotic sensitivity of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus in patients with infected burns]. AB - Sensitivity of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. anitratum isolated from infected burn wounds was studied with respect to 24 antibiotics. It was found that the isolates were multiple drug resistant. Sensitivity was observed at least to 8 out of 24 antibiotics. The majority of the isolates were resistant to 10--15 drugs. Many strains were resistant to 16--17 antibiotics. 11 antibacterial drugs, i. e. tobramycin, sisomicin, gentamicin, amicacin, neomycin, carbenicillin, polymyxin M, erythromycin, tetracycline, rifampicin and dioxidine proved to be most active against Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. The strains were resistant to 6 antibiotics, i. e. penicillin, oxacillin, lincomycin, ceporin, fusidin and ristomycin. The activity of streptomycin, ampicillin and levomycetin was negligible. PMID- 7114832 TI - [Antibiotic resistance of enterobacteria isolated from chronic bronchitis and pneumonia patients]. AB - Resistance of 1060 Enterobacteria strains isolated from patients with chronic pneumonia and bronchitis was studied with respect to 15--18 antibiotics. The methods of agar dilution and sensitivity discs (Pr. mirabilis) were used. High resistance of the isolates to the antibiotics except aminoglycosides was shown. The rate, spectrum and level of the resistance were variable and changed depending on the bacterial species and drug type. The majority (77.7--100 per cent) was multiple resistant (to at least 6--10 antibiotics). The Enterobacteria populations of the respiratory origin were heterogeneous with respect to the resistance warts (61.5--85.7 per cent). The changes included elimination of the primary warts, appearance of new secondary warts or complete replacement of the variant composition. Rational therapy requires investigation of both the species and the variant composition of the microbiocenoses of the bronchial contents and their changes during the patient treatment in the hospital. PMID- 7114833 TI - Evaluation of urinary elimination of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase in healthy volunteers treated with dibekacin or gentamicin. AB - The urinary excretion of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase was studied in healthy subjects during and after treatment with aminoglycosides. In terms of this parameter dibekacin appeared to be less nephrotoxic than gentamicin. PMID- 7114834 TI - Clinical impact of rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing of blood culture isolates. AB - The results of a rapid, direct blood culture disk susceptibility test indicated that antimicrobial chemotherapy should be changed in 48 of 173 patients with bacteremia. In 32 patients (66.6%), the indicated change was made approximately 24 h sooner than if conventional, nonrapid susceptibility tests had been used to guide therapy. PMID- 7114838 TI - In vitro activity of U-57930E, a new clindamycin analog, against aerobic gram positive bacteria. AB - The in vitro activity of U-57930E, a new clindamycin analog, against aerobic gram positive cocci was studied by microdilution broth susceptibility tests and compared with the activities of clindamycin, vancomycin, oxacillin, and ampicillin. U-57930E inhibited methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Streptococcus viridans at concentrations of less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml. This degree of activity was generally slightly less than that of the other antimicrobial agents tested. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, and enterococci were resistant to U-57930E. At the concentrations used, U-57930E exhibited bactericidal activity against most susceptible organisms, and a minimal effect of inoculum size was noted. PMID- 7114835 TI - Effect of method of administration on extravascular penetration of four antibiotics. AB - The effect of both method of drug administration and serum protein binding on antibiotic penetration into subcutaneous Visking chambers was studied in rabbits. Ampicillin and oxacillin were administered by either repeated intramuscular injection of 30 mg/kg every 4 h or by constant infusion of 7.5 mg/kg per h for 24 h. Gentamicin was given by intramuscular injection of 4 mg/kg every 4 h for 28 h and by constant infusion of 1 mg/kg per h for 24 h. Amikacin was given by intramuscular injection of 8 mg/kg every 4 h for 12 h and by constant intravenous infusion of 2 mg/kg per h for 12 h. Protein binding to rabbit serum was 73% for oxacillin, 9% for ampicillin, 19% for gentamicin, and 0% for amikacin. Chamber concentrations achieved for oxacillin, gentamicin, and amikacin were not significantly different for constant infusion versus intermittent administration. For ampicillin, chamber concentration was slightly higher by constant infusion than by intermittent administration (P less than 0.02). Fluctuations in drug concentration from peak to trough values in the chambers during the intermittent administration studies were markedly dampened when compared with serum fluctuations. This study demonstrates that whereas steady state is reached more rapidly by intermittent administration, the mean steady-state concentration of an antibiotic achieved at an extravascular site is the same or greater by constant infusion than by intermittent dosing. This is true for highly protein bound antibiotics as well as those with low serum protein binding. PMID- 7114836 TI - Mechanism of action of the copper(I) complex of 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline on Mycoplasma gallisepticum. AB - Evidence was found that the inhibitory action of Cu(DMP)2NO3, the copper(I) complex of 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (DMP), on Mycoplasma gallisepticum is a consequence of the ultimate toxicity of copper, and not that of the ligand, DMP. From uptake studies with radiolabeled 67Cu and [14C]DMP, we concluded that significantly more copper than DMP is bound to the mycoplasmal cell. It appeared that dissociation of Cu(DMP)2+ occurred shortly after interaction with the cell membrane. Copper was transported across the cytoplasmic membrane. A strong dependence of copper uptake on the incubation medium was observed in the absence of DMP. The main function of the ligand DMP appeared to be as a vehicle for the transport of copper from nontoxic copper-medium complexes to membrane-buried cellular ligands. PMID- 7114837 TI - In vitro effects of mycophenolic acid and allopurinol against Leishmania tropica in human macrophages. AB - The possibility that purine inhibitors or analogs might be effective antileishmanial agents led to the determination of the antileishmanial activity of mycophenolic acid and allopurinol in vitro. The drugs were tested against Leishmania tropica amastigotes (mammalian forms) within human macrophages, a model in which achievable serum concentrations of antileishmanial agents currently in use eliminate approximately 90% of the parasites. Mycophenolic acid, an inhibitor of guanosine nucleotide synthesis from inosinic acid, was shown here to inhibit guanosine nucleotide synthesis in L. tropica promastigotes (insect forms). When tested against L. tropica amastigotes within macrophages, mycophenolic acid eliminated 50% of the parasites at achievable peak human serum levels (20 micrograms/ml) and 40% of the parasites at trough serum levels (1 to 10 micrograms/ml). This demonstrates that an inhibitor of guanosine nucleotide synthesis is partially effective against L. tropica in vitro. The purine analog allopurinol was also tested and was found to eliminate 50% of L. tropica amastigotes in this model. Because mycophenolic acid and allopurinol are partially, but not completely, effective antileishmanial agents in this in vitro model, their in vivo utility remains to be determined by clinical trials. PMID- 7114839 TI - Comparative activities of 13 beta-lactam antibiotics. AB - An agar dilution method was used to measure the minimal inhibitory concentrations of 13 beta-lactam antibiotics against 868 recent human clinical isolates. Most members of the Enterobacteriaceae were susceptible to cefoperazone, ceftazidime, moxalactam, N-formimidoyl thienamycin, ceftriaxone, and ceftizoxime. Cephalothin was the most active antibiotic against Staphylococcus aureus. Most strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were inhibited by ceftazidime, N-formimidoyl thienamycin, and cefsulodin. N-Formimidoyl thienamycin was active against all of the species tested. PMID- 7114841 TI - Long-term venous access in rhesus monkeys. AB - Long-term, intermittent, intravenous infusion of substances, such as amphotericin B, with a high potential for causing peripheral vein thrombophlebitis was feasible by means of a subcutaneously implanted silastic reservoir catheter device, which gave access to the central venous compartment. The implanted reservoirs withstood at least 100 percutaneous entries with a 27-gauge needle; injections were carried out by using an infusion pump. With precautions taken to prevent infection, clotting, or the formation of precipitates in the catheter, the device permitted easy intravenous injection and was well tolerated. PMID- 7114840 TI - Pharmacokinetics of cefonicid, a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin. AB - This study determined the pharmacokinetic disposition of cefonicid. A single dose of 7.5 mg/kg of body weight was administered to five healthy volunteers as a 5 min intravenous infusion. Multiple plasma and urine samples were collected for 48 h. Peak plasma concentrations ranged from 95 to 156 micrograms/ml and fell slowly (mean plasma half-life, 4.4 +/- 0.8 h), so that levels after 12 h were in the range of 6 to 12 micrograms/ml. Urinary concentrations were high but variable and ranged from 100 to 1,000 micrograms/ml for the first 12 h after the dose and averaged 84 micrograms/ml between 12 and 24 h. Plasma and renal clearances were 0.32 +/- 0.06 and 0.29 +/- 0.05 ml/min per kg, respectively. An average of 88 +/- 6% of the dose was excreted unchanged in the urine over 48 h. The mean steady state volume of distribution was found to be 0.11 +/- 0.01 liters/kg. PMID- 7114842 TI - Susceptibility pattern of Campylobacter jejuni from human and animal origins to different antimicrobial agents. AB - The in vitro antimicrobial activities of different antimicrobial agents on Campylobacter jejuni from human and animal origins were compared by using a Dynatech MIC 2000 system. In general, the minimal inhibitory concentration distributions for the human strains were very comparable with those of the animal strains. The animal strains had a bimodal distribution for ampicillin, clindamycin, and tetracycline. PMID- 7114843 TI - Effects of common analgesics on the in vitro suppression of lymphocyte mitogen responses by cephalosporins. AB - Acetaminophen and indomethacin either did not alter or partially reversed the inhibition of lymphocyte mitogenic responses by cephalosporins. Aspirin at concentrations of >/=100 mug/ml in cultures containing cephalosporins reduced the response below the level with either drug alone. PMID- 7114844 TI - The denaturation of orosomucoid. PMID- 7114845 TI - Preparation of lipid-free tissue extracts for chromatographic determination of thyroid hormones and metabolites. PMID- 7114846 TI - Chalcone oxides--potent selective inhibitors of cytosolic epoxide hydrolase. PMID- 7114847 TI - Immunochemical study of the blood group-active poly(glycosyl) ceramides isolated from human erythrocytes. PMID- 7114848 TI - Solubilization, purification, and properties of rabbit brain hexokinase. PMID- 7114849 TI - Human liver acid phosphatases: cysteine residues of the low-molecular-weight enzyme. PMID- 7114850 TI - Autocatalytic inactivation of plant cytochrome P-450 enzymes: selective inactivation of cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase from Helianthus tuberosus by 1 aminobenzotriazole. PMID- 7114851 TI - A circular dichroism study of the structure of Apis mellifera melittin. PMID- 7114852 TI - Assay, properties, and regulation of rat ovarian delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase activity. PMID- 7114853 TI - Stability of acetylated and superguanidinated chymotrypsinogens. PMID- 7114854 TI - Plastid 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase has distinctive kinetic and regulatory features: properties of the enzyme and positive phytochrome control of activity in pea seedlings. PMID- 7114855 TI - Control of the mitochondrial inner membrane permeability by sulfhydryl groups. PMID- 7114856 TI - Nucleoside transport in choroid plexus: mechanism and specificity. PMID- 7114857 TI - Intracellular pH and the metabolic status of dormant and developing Artemia embryos. PMID- 7114858 TI - Regulation of glucose metabolism in rat lung: subcellular distribution, isozyme pattern, and kinetic properties of hexokinase. PMID- 7114860 TI - Pityriasis lichenoides chronica. PMID- 7114859 TI - Occurrence of hydroxyproline in a toxin from the marine snail Conus geographus. PMID- 7114862 TI - Anthralin and chrysarobin: a reexamination of the origins and early use. PMID- 7114861 TI - Porphyrinogens in plasma. PMID- 7114863 TI - The treatment of plane warts. PMID- 7114864 TI - The polymorphic phototest reaction. AB - One hundred tem patients with polymorphic light eruption (PMLE) and 58 control subjects were tested with an overdose of erythemogenic radiation. A morphologically abnormal phototest reaction was demonstrable in 72% of the patients with PMLE and in 9% of the control subjects. On the average, a dose of 3.8 times the patient's minimal erythemal dose was needed to produce the reaction. The most common findings in positive phototest reaction sites were edema and itching. A medium-pressure mercury lamp was shown to be as effective as a xenon arc lamp in producing the phototest reaction. The time of the reaction varied considerably in different patients, and frequent inspections of test sites were necessary to detect positive phototest reactions. When properly performed and interpreted, phototesting is a valuable diagnostic procedure for PMLE. PMID- 7114865 TI - Unusual sacrococcygeal embryologic malformations with cutaneous manifestations. AB - Two unusual sacrococcygeal neuroepithelial heterotopias manifested as masses associated with cutaneous signs. In a 13-month-old infant, a cystic coccygeal medullary vestige was associated with a midline epidermal nevus. In another patient, a lipomeningocele with neuroepithelial heterotopia manifested as a skin tag and mass in the right buttock. In both cases, the malformations probably resulted from abnormal canalization and retrograde differentiation of the distal neural tube. Cystic coccygeal medullary vestige results from dilation of a persistent ependymal cyst present commonly in neonates at the distal part of the coccyx. The lipomeningocele appears to have arisen from an aberrantly formed ependymal canal. The embryologic events that gave rise to the lesions, the differential diagnosis of postrectal masses, and the common association of midline lesions of skin and soft tissue with neural defects are stressed. PMID- 7114866 TI - Liver biopsies upsilon liver scans in methotrexate-treated patients with psoriasis. AB - The possibility of hepatotoxic reactions in 24 patients receiving long-term methotrexate therapy for psoriasis was evaluated by both liver biopsies and technetium TC 99 m sulfur-colloid liver scans. The two diagnostic methods were compared in a retrospective analysis. Six of 17 patients with clinically normal liver biopsy interpretations were found to have abnormal liver scans, while three of five patients with histologically proved fibrosis had completely normal liver scans. We conclude that hepatotoxic reactions from long-term methotrexate use in psoriasis cannot be reliably evaluated by the technetium Tc 99m sulfur colloid liver scan. PMID- 7114869 TI - Severe cutaneous porphyria in a 12-year-old boy: hepatoerythropoietic or symptomatic porphyria? AB - Deforming cutaneous porphyria developed in a 12-year-old boy; the severity of his skin disease resolved spontaneously as he grew older. The clinical and biochemical aspects of this case clearly fit the descriptions in the medical literature of both hepatoerythropoietic porphyria (HEP) and infantile symptomatic porphyria (SP). Further porphyrin analyses indicated that our patient suffered from infantile SP. The lack of unquestionably unique features diagnostic for HEP raises strong doubts that it exists as a separate disease entity substantially different from infantile SP. PMID- 7114868 TI - Methotrexate and etretinate as concurrent therapies in severe psoriasis. AB - A patient with pustular psoriasis, which was inadequately controlled by high-dose methotrexate and potent topical corticosteroid therapy, was treated with oral methotrexate and the aromatic retinoid etretinate. The patient's psoriasis improved with sustained maximal etretinate therapy and continued high-dose methotrexate therapy. Subsequently, the methotrexate dose was tapered and used of this drug was discontinued. Previously unattainable success in controlling the psoriasis was achieved with continued etretinate treatment. There were no recognizable adverse effects from concurrent therapy. As the methotrexate dose was tapered, the patient noted increased psoriatic arthritic pain, unrelieved at maximal etretinate levels, but improved with indomethacin treatment. Combination therapy with methotrexate and etretinate may be useful in the treatment of severe psoriasis by providing a controlled transition from methotrexate to etretinate therapy alone. PMID- 7114867 TI - Stripping of the stratum corneum in patients with psoriasis: production of prepinpoint papules and psoriatic lesions. AB - In patients with psoriasis, partial stripping of the stratum corneum induced minute erythematous and edematous, nonscaling papules six hours to seven days later. These "prepinpoint papules" PPPs) comparable to spontaneous PPPs, which we described earlier, appeared in 75 of 159 patients with active psoriasis but in none of 27 controls; 73% to 91% of these PPPs, depending on the activity of the disease, transformed into pinpoint papules. Histological and histochemical examinations of the PPPs showed infiltrates containing numerous polymorphonuclear leukocytes around the vessels and penetrating into the epidermis, partly destroying it. The earliest change in the epidermis was thinning of the granular layer without other features of psoriasis. Immunoglobulin G and complement deposits on stratum corneum (SC) antigen sites were found in the PPPs initially in about one third, and later in two thirds of the papules, whereas they were present in virtually all of the psoriatic pinpoint papules. Papules induced by stripping, similar to spontaneous PPPs, play a central role in the etiology of at least some forms of psoriasis. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltrates and SC antibody binding are key features of the conversion of PPP to pinpoint psoriatic lesions. PMID- 7114870 TI - Erythropoietic protoporphyria terminating in liver failure. AB - A patient with erythropoietic protoporphyria was observed for 28 years. At the age of 38 years, cholestatic jaundice and rapidly deteriorating liver function developed. The patient died of massive bleeding from esophageal varices. During his terminal illness, the RBC protoporphyrin level rose to about 350 times the upper limit of normal, the urine contained increased protoporphyrins and coproporphyrins, but the stool porphyrin level was only moderately increased. Therapy with cholestyramine resin and vitamin E was associated with a decline in the RBC protoporphyrin level and a transient increase in the stool protoporphyrin level. The increase in RBC and serum protoporphyrin levels during the patient's terminal illness was not accompanied by an exacerbation of cutaneous photosensitivity. PMID- 7114871 TI - Actinic reticuloid. AB - A 58-year-old man has his condition diagnosed as actinic reticuloid on the basis of clinical and histologic findings and phototesting data. He had clinical features resembling mycosis fungoides in light-exposed areas. Histologic findings disclosed a bandlike infiltrate with atypical mononuclear cells in the dermis and scattered atypical cells in the epidermis. Electron microscopy disclosed mononuclear cells with bizarre, convoluted nuclei, resembling cerebriform cells of Lutzner. Phototesting disclosed a diminished minimal erythemal threshold to UV B and UV-A. Microscopic changes resembling actinic reticuloid were reproduced in this patient 24 and 72 hours after exposure to 15 minimal erythemal doses of UV B. PMID- 7114872 TI - Outbreak of tropical rat mite dermatitis in laboratory personnel. AB - An outbreak of tropical rate mite (Ornithonyssus bacoti) dermatitis occurred in a group of research and animal technicians. The technicians were affected with an intense pruritic dermatitis after exposure to asymptomatic laboratory mice infested with the mite. Locating the resident host of the mite is critical in the successful elimination of the mite from the premises and in preventing further contact with and irritation to human occupants. PMID- 7114873 TI - Erythema dyschromicum perstans and lichen planus. AB - Erythema dyschromicum perstans (EDP) is a cutaneous pigmentary disturbance originally considered to be a variant of erythema perstans. The nosologic identity of EDP has been challenged repeatedly as the number of patients with concurrent EDP-like eruptions and lichenoid disorders has increased. In this report, we describe a woman who had EDP for two years before the onset of classic lichen planus (LP). The active lesions of LP gradually evolved into typical ashy gray macules of EDP. This case provides further support for the concept that EDP and EDP-like conditions should be classified, in certain instances, as erythema dyschromicum variants of LP. PMID- 7114875 TI - Trends in birth rate and the provision of paediatric services. PMID- 7114874 TI - Perforating rheumatoid nodule. PMID- 7114876 TI - Sudden natural death in later childhood and adolescence. AB - During a 6-year period 389 children and adolescents aged between 1 and 20 years died violently and 31 died suddenly, naturally, and unexpectedly in an area of southern Sweden. In about half of these 31 cases, death was caused by common infectious diseases--for example broncho-pneumonia, myocarditis, or acute epiglottiditis. In one group death was certainly sudden, but was caused by a known chronic disease--such as epilepsy or bronchial asthma. Three young men died from chronic heart disease, and one died from adrenal failure during or immediately after physical exertion. There were 4 cases of sudden, natural death for which the cause was unknown--that is 0.007 per 1000 live births. This figure is extremely low compared with the incidence of sudden unexplained infant death- that is deaths of infants aged between one week and one year. PMID- 7114877 TI - Cystic fibrosis: physical exercise versus chest physiotherapy. AB - Twelve children with cystic fibrosis were admitted to a paediatric rehabilitation hospital for 17 days to take part in a training programme of vigorous physical exercise and sport. The daily inhalation-physiotherapy routine was stopped. Ventilatory status was assessed by spirometry and measurement of lung volumes one day before admission, one day after the end of the hospital stay, and 8 weeks later. Flow measurements of forced expiration had improved appreciably by the end of the course, but most of them returned to pretraining levels 8 weeks later. Lung volumes did not change significantly. Daily recordings of peak flow indicated improvement of airways function plus some ventilatory muscle training. Regular physical exercise could replace the inhalation-physiotherapy routine in some children with cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7114878 TI - Evaluation of a height/plasma creatinine formula in the measurement of glomerular filtration rate. AB - The clinical usefulness of the quantity height (cm)/plasma creatinine (Ht/Pcr) as a predictor of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was investigated in 163 children with varying levels of renal function. Plasma creatinine levels (mumol/l) were measured by an automated reaction rate method. The results indicate that in rather more than half the children studied, an estimate of GFR adequate for ordinary clinical purposes will be obtained from Ht/Pcr, or from the derived formula GFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2) = 40 Ht/Pcr. The accuracy of the prediction is greatest in children with reduced function (GFR less than 80 ml/min per 1.73 m2) and in this group of patients a change of GFR of 19 ml/min per 1.73 m2 or more is reliably detected by this method. We conclude that Ht/Pcr is a clinically useful aid to the estimation of renal function, reducing the need for formal GFR measurements by at least half. PMID- 7114879 TI - Outcome of meningococcal group B meningitis. AB - Sixty children who survived meningitis during the outbreak of meningococcal group B infection in Bolton 1971-74 were assessed between 5 and 9 years later. Each case, together with a matched control, has been examined clinically and subjected to a number of psychological tests and to routine audiology. The results, unlike those from other series, did not demonstrate any incoordination, ataxia, or other physical abnormality, nor was there any statistically significant impairment on psychological testing. The incidence of sensorineural deafness (5%), although marginally lower, was comparable with the best of other series. When compared with the incidence in controls (3%) it is not statistically significant. A 'mattress test', suggestive of vestibular damage, was positive in those with more severe degrees of sensorineural deafness. The high mortality in the Bolton series (17%) has been reconsidered and it is concluded that unless a potent meningococcus type B vaccine is developed, mortality would still be high in a similar outbreak today. PMID- 7114882 TI - A regional paediatric rheumatology service. PMID- 7114881 TI - Amniocentesis and fetal lung development. PMID- 7114884 TI - Benign paroxysmal torticollis in infancy. PMID- 7114883 TI - Fifth day fits: an acute zinc deficiency syndrome? PMID- 7114880 TI - Hypothyroidism and growth failure in diabetes mellitus. AB - The prevalence of thyroid disease in 134 children, adolescents, and young adults with diabetes mellitus beginning in childhood is described. Clustering of a family history of thyroid disease and the presence of thyrogastric antibodies in some patients supports the concept of familial autoimmunity. In 4 children a diagnosis of hypothyroidism had already been made, one of whom had shown marked faltering of growth. In a further 3 there was evidence of previously unrecognised subclinical hypothyroidism but the growth of 2 of them had been good. The findings of this study indicate that while subclinical hypothyroidism should be considered in a diabetic whose growth is faltering, it is rarely a cause of such growth failure. PMID- 7114886 TI - Evaluation of various clothing materials for protection and worker acceptability during application of pesticides. PMID- 7114885 TI - Resuscitation of preterm babies at birth reduces the risk of death from hyaline membrane disease. PMID- 7114887 TI - Safety evaluation of vegetables cultured on municipal sewage sludge-amended soil. PMID- 7114888 TI - Accumulation of lead and cadmium in wild populations of the commensal rat, Rattus norvegicus. PMID- 7114889 TI - Short-term toxicity of five oils to four freshwater species. PMID- 7114892 TI - Filtration and phototactic behavior as indices of chronic copper stress in Daphnia magna straus. PMID- 7114891 TI - Stressed bioassay systems for rapid screening of pesticide residues. Part II: Determination of foliar residues for safe reentry of agricultural workers into the field. PMID- 7114893 TI - Electron probe x-ray microanalysis of arsenic inclusions in fish. PMID- 7114894 TI - Testicular effects of dinoseb in rats. PMID- 7114890 TI - Effects of two dithiocarbamates on the grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio: molt related toxicity and inhibition of limb regeneration. PMID- 7114895 TI - Effects of naphthalene and benzene on fathead minnows and rainbow trout. PMID- 7114896 TI - Trimethyltin toxicity to larval Uca pugilator: effects of temperature and salinity. PMID- 7114897 TI - Suppression of adrenocortical activity in mallard ducks exposed to petroleum contaminated food. PMID- 7114898 TI - Effects of ingested petroleum on plasma levels of ovarian steroid hormones in photostimulated mallard ducks. PMID- 7114899 TI - Congenital defects and miscarriages among New Zealand 2, 4, 5-T sprayers. AB - A survey was conducted of professional New Zealand 2, 4, 5-T sprayers and a comparison group of agricultural contractors with a total of 989 respondents. The numbers of births, congenital defects, and miscarriages were identified from 1969 to 1980 by a postal questionnaire. Each pregnancy outcome was classified according to whether or not the father sprayed 2,4,5-T during the year of the pregnancy outcome, or the previous year. The relative risk estimates of 1.19 for congenital defects, and 0.89 for miscarriages, were not statistically significant. These results are reassuring as far as male professional 2,4,5-T sprayers are concerned. In addition, the extent of exposure of their wives from helping with spray activities, and from washing contaminated clothes, has not had a detectable reproductive effect. PMID- 7114901 TI - Relation of daily mortality to air pollution: an analysis of 14 London winters, 1958/59-1971/72. AB - The relationship between daily deaths and daily concentrations of Smoke and SO2 in London, England for 14 winters during the years 1958-1959 through 1971-1972 has been explored. Three types of analyses were used: (1) year-by-year multiple regression; (2) stratification using nested quartiles of one pollutant within quartiles of the other; and (3) multiple regression of a special subset of high pollution days. An association was found with Smoke, but not with SO2. Whether a linear model with zero threshold or a threshold model best fits could not be determined unambiguously because of a statistical artifact. Reasons for preferring a threshold-type quadratic model are given. PMID- 7114902 TI - Decontamination of a Histoplasma capsulatum-infested bird roost in Illinois. AB - Histoplasma capsulatum was isolated from 27 of 34 soil specimens collected from a 3.23-hectare (8-acr) estate in illinois that had been the site of a bird roost for more than 10 yr. When the estate was sold to a developer for for the construction of a shopping center, it was feared that disturbing the roost would cause airborne transmission of spores of H. Capsulatum and thus create a public health hazard for the workmen and surrounding community. To prevent this, the bird roost was decontaminated with the application of 3,785 ml (1 gallon) of 3% formalin per square foot of soil. Safety precautions were taken to minimize the inhalation of dust and formalin by the decontamination team. Thirty-five soil specimens collected after application of the formalin were negative for H. capsulatum. No cases of histoplasmosis occurred among the decontamination workers, construction crews, or the general population. The total cost of the decontamination project was $75,000. PMID- 7114903 TI - Kinetics of lead storage in teeth and bones: an epidemiologic approach. AB - Lead content in teeth of three Belgian populations with different exposures are considered in the framework of a three-compartment model describing lead exchanges in the body. The value of the first-order kinetic constant governing the transfer of lead from blood to teeth is shown to be approximately 1.85 yr-1, which is in good agreement with other studies using stable isotope tracers on a few subjects. Application of these findings to bones, where, contrary to teeth, remobilization processes cannot be neglected, leads to a tentative estimation of the rates of lead output from various kinds of bones, on the basis of epidemiologic data on their lead contents reported in the literature. PMID- 7114900 TI - Two acute human poisoning cases resulting from exposure to diazinon transformation products in Egypt. AB - Two spraymen working in public health occupations in Alexandria, Egypt, experienced acute toxicity resulting from exposure to diazinon. Symptomatology was similar to that previously reported for exposure to parathion or other organophosphorus insecticides. Plasma and red blood cell cholinesterase activity values were determined in blood samples obtained from both individuals at various times after the incident. Cholinesterase activity showed a marked reduction up to 18 days after exposure. Blood cholinesterase activity recovered to approximately 90% of the normal level of activity 28 days after the poisoning incident in one individual. This activity recovered to about the same level in the other individual, but after only 20 days from the poisoning date. Experimental results suggested that this acute toxicity resulted from unsuitable storage conditions of the emulsifiable concentrate formulation of diazinon. The diazinon that was applied was stored in "tin" containers made of tin-plated sheet steel. The emulsifiable concentrate (60%) was not in compliance with the World Health Organization's standard specifications regarding the emulsion stability tests because of the presence of crystals in the emulsifiable concentrate. A sample of this crystalline material was analyzed. Gas chromatographic analysis combined with mass spectrometric techniques failed to identify intact diazinon in samples of that material. The sample represented virtually complete conversion of diazinion into transformation products. Sulfotepp and monothiono-TEPP were two of the identified products in the sample, both of which are much more toxic than diazinon. PMID- 7114904 TI - Clastogenic chromosomal aberrations in 26 individuals accidentally exposed to ortho dichlorobenzene vapors in the National Medical Center in Mexico City. AB - Chromosome studies were done in 8 males and 18 females who were accidentally exposed for 4 work days (i.e., 8 hr/day) to vapors of ortho dichlorobenzene. The clinical symptoms in 10 individuals included headache, general malaise, dizziness, and nausea. All persons had variable degrees of mucosal irritations. Of the 1345 cells studied, 120 disclosed chromosomal aberrations (mean = 8.92%), whereas a control group of 11 healthy individuals revealed 19 cells with aberrations in 942 cells examined (mean = 2.02%). The main chromosomal alterations were 84 single breaks (6.25%) and 86 double breaks (6.39%). In the control group there were 2 single breaks (0.92%) and 10 double breaks (1.06%), with significant statistic values of P less than .001 for the exposed group. Other chromosomal aberrations were poliploidy and ring formation but these were not statistically significant. Chromosome studies conducted 6 months later in 15 persons of the exposed group disclosed a significant reduction of chromosomal aberrations, but these were still present as compared with the control group. Although definite chromosomal changes occurred, these alterations seemed to be reversible after several months, at least with an original 4-day exposure to the clastogen chemical. PMID- 7114906 TI - [Unusual bladder stones. I. Giant stones. II. Stone induced by a plant stalk]. PMID- 7114905 TI - Water sodium and blood pressure in rural school children. AB - Blood pressures were measured in 326 boys and 309 girls, 12 to 14 yr of age, who attended schools in six rural towns with water sodium levels ranging from 1.46 to 9.69 mmol/L. Although there were significant differences between mean blood pressure levels in children living in the six towns, they did not appear to result from differences in water sodium levels. Children who lived on farms and who drank low-sodium rain water did not have lower blood pressures than children who lived in the towns. The estimated intake of sodium from drinking water in the towns varied between 1.5 and 11.6 mmol/day and represented between 1.2% and 10.4% of the estimated daily sodium intake. No effect of water sodium level on urinary sodium excretion was found. Blood pressure levels showed significant positive relationships with pulse rate, body height and weight, Quetelet's index, mid upperarm circumference, and triceps skinfold thickness. Diastolic blood pressures in girls were inversely related to the measure of physical activity. Control of these variables, where relevant, by covariance analysis did not uncover any relationship between water sodium level and blood pressure. PMID- 7114907 TI - [Lower urinary obstruction in women. Urodynamic aspects]. PMID- 7114908 TI - [Transformation of neuroblastoma into ganglioneuroma. Presentation of 2 cases]. PMID- 7114909 TI - [Adrenal pseudocyst]. PMID- 7114910 TI - [Ureteral triplication and duplication of the bladder]. PMID- 7114911 TI - [Drainage, nephrostomy and controls in reconstructive surgery of the upper urinary tract]. PMID- 7114912 TI - [Nephrostomy. A new technic]. PMID- 7114913 TI - [Renal lithiasis. Up-date and experience in its metabolic study and medico surgical treatment]. PMID- 7114914 TI - Heberden Oration 1981: epidemiology and the arthritides. AB - The multifactorial control of serum uric acid levels is discussed from an epidemiological point of view and the principles at issue related to the epidemiology of osteoarthrosis. It is shown that in osteoarthrosis the clinical characteristics vary from one joint group to another. Association of x-ray changes with pain varies between joints and between sexes for the various joints. The disease tends to be commoner in females but not in all age groups. There is an association between obesity and osteoarthrosis in the hands and knees but not the hips or ankles. These differences raise questions about the homogeneity of generalised osteoarthrosis. Such questions might be answered by epidemiological studies which consider individual joint groups and are carefully directed towards specific hypotheses, the development of which could be facilitated by the use of iconic models. PMID- 7114915 TI - Frequency of chondrocalcinosis of the knees in asymptomatic hyperuricaemia and rheumatoid arthritis: a controlled study. AB - An association has been reported between urate gout and chondrocalcinosis. Chondrocalcinosis was detected in knee radiographs of 8 of 138 gouty patients compared with none of 142 age matched nongouty normouricaemic controls (p less than 0.025). To define this association further, knee radiographs were examined of 84 patients with asymptomatic hyperuricaemia who had been carefully age matched with the gouty and control groups. Chondrocalcinosis of the knees was detected in only one patient, the difference from the control group not being significant. It therefore appears that there is an association of chondrocalcinosis with gouty arthritis, but not with asymptomatic hyperuricaemia. An association between chondrocalcinosis and rheumatoid arthritis has been suggested, but the studies were not controlled for age. To re-examine this implied association, knee radiographs were inspected of 127 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had been age matched with the control group. Chondrocalcinosis of the knees was detected in only one patient, a difference from the control group which is not statistically significant. PMID- 7114916 TI - Methyl prednisolone pulse therapy in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Twenty patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were treated with methyl prednisolone pulse therapy (MPPT) and followed up for up to 24 weeks (mean 18 weeks). Beneficial effects of MPPT were observed principally on arthralgia, pleuritic pain, vasculitic skin rash, pyrexia, and lymphadenopathy. The serological tests showing the most improvement were ds DNA binding and the serum C3 level. MPPT was found to be both safe and easy to administer. It may be of value in treating patients with SLE whose disease is not controlled by moderate doses of corticosteroids and may also enable the dose of maintenance corticosteroids to be reduced appreciably. PMID- 7114917 TI - Mitral valve prolapse and joint hypermobility: evidence for a systemic connective tissue abnormality? AB - Clinical evidence for an abnormally of extracardiac connective tissue was sought in 21 patients with idiopathic mitral valve prolapse and was compared to that in 21 matched controls. The incidence of rheumatic and orthopaedic complaints and the prevalence of hypermobile joints, Marfanoid habitus, and skeletal deformity were compared in the 2 groups. Skin thickness and elasticity were measured, and the mean values in the 2 groups were compared. hypermobile joints were significantly commoner in patients with mitral valve prolapse. Easy bruising was reported significantly more commonly by patients with mitral prolapse; the incidence of other rheumatic complaints was similar in the 2 groups. There was no significant difference in skin thickness, skin elasticity, and the prevalence of either skeletal deformity or Marfanoid habitus between patients with mitral valve prolapse and controls. The results support previous evidence of an association between mitral valve prolapse and benign hypermobility of the joints, but emphasise that many patients with mitral valve prolapse have no clinically apparent connective tissue abnormality outside the heart. It remains uncertain whether the valve lesion in these patients represents a tissue-specific abnormality of mitral valve collagen or the only clinical expression of a minor systemic connective tissue abnormality. PMID- 7114918 TI - Evaluation of popliteal cysts and painful calves with ultrasonography: comparison with arthrography. AB - Grey-scale ultrasonography will detect reliably the presence of clinically significant popliteal cysts, fluid collections which do not fill by arthrography, and will frequently demonstrate ruptured cysts and the soft tissue changes resulting from a recent leak. Forty-eight knees, in 25 patients with popliteal and/or calf pain were examined by ultrasonography followed by arthrography. Popliteal cysts were demonstrated in 40% (19/48) by ultrasound and in 46% (22/48) by arthrogram. For comparison between arthrography and ultrasonography chi2 = 8.58 and contingency coefficient, phi = 0.42 (p less than 0.01). Acute cyst rupture was shown in 2 patients (8%) by both arthrography and ultrasound. In a further study ultrasonography demonstrated popliteal cysts with a prevalence of 31% (22/72) in 36 patients with definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis compared with 4% (3/72) in controls closely matched for age and sex. This difference in prevalence between the rheumatoid patients and controls was highly significant chi2 = 17.48, p less than 0.001. Ultrasonography, therefore, will demonstrate noninvasively the presence of popliteal cysts, may assist in the diagnosis of rupture, and furthermore will assist in quantitative, sequential assessment of patients with painful knees and calves. PMID- 7114919 TI - Rheumatoid and other diseases of the cervical interspinous bursae, and changes in the spinous processes. AB - Bursal spaces between the cervical interspinous processes were found at necropsy in 14 out of 27 "normal' adult necks, especially when the spines were close together. In this random series they were the seat of crystallopathic disease in 2 instances out of 14 cases. In spines from 9 cases of adult-onset rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid bursitis was seen in 2 and banal bursitis in 2. In juvenile onset chronic arthritis inflammatory bursal changes of rheumatoid nature were found in 2 out of 5 cases, and are compared with the "normal'. A third case showed crystallopathic destruction. In one instance of adult RA very severe changes were seen, with destruction of the spinous processes, and this was associated with hypermobile segments dependent on discal destruction starting in the oncovertebral joints. An association is described between discal lesions, spinous erosion, enthesopathy, and interspinous bursitis. PMID- 7114920 TI - Pyrophosphate arthropathy: a clinical and radiological study of 105 cases. AB - 105 consecutive patients who presented to a rheumatologist because of joint disease and who also had evidence of deposition of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPD) were studied clinically and radiologically. There were 76 women (mean age 73) and 29 men (mean age 62). Of only 18 patients below the age of 60 at presentation 12 were men. The majority of the younger male group suffered from acute attacks of synovitis, and had no clinical or radiological evidence of joint damage. In contrast the older female group had widespread destructive changes. Associated joint disease included generalised osteoarthritis (45), rheumatoid arthritis (8), joint hypermobility (13), previous knee surgery (8), and gout 92). Sixteen patients had received long-term steroid therapy. Severe destructive joint changes were seen in 16 patients. The radiological features in those with rheumatoid arthritis by ARA criteria were atypical. The relationship between CPD deposition and arthritis is discussed in the light of these findings. PMID- 7114921 TI - Pyrophosphate arthropathy: a study of metabolic associations and laboratory data. AB - 105 consecutive patients with pyrophosphate arthropathy have been studied. Disease associations and metabolic abnormalities were compared with those of an age and sex matched group of 105 acute medical admissions, and with 48 patients presenting with uncomplicated osteoarthritis. Patients with pyrophosphate arthropathy had a higher incidence of hypothyroidism (10, hyperparathyroidism 92), and chronic steroid therapy (15) than did those in the comparative groups. Laboratory data showed abnormalities suggesting chronic inflammatory disease in many patients, but no other unexpected metabolic findings. Metabolic abnormalities were uncommon in pyrophosphate arthropathy, and extensive metabolic screening of patients was unrewarding. PMID- 7114922 TI - Spontaneous lymphocyte-mediated (NK cell) cytotoxicity in systemic sclerosis: a comparison with antibody-dependent lymphocyte (K cell) cytotoxicity. AB - Spontaneous (NK cell) and antibody-dependent (K cell) cytotoxicity were investigated in 39 patients with systemic sclerosis (SS) and compared with that found in 52 normal controls. Cr-labelled Chang liver cells were used as targets in assays utilising both whole blood (WB) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) as effectors. Patients with SS, who were severely affected by extensive visceral disease, were found to have significant impairment of both NK (p less than 0.005; p less than 0.05) and K (p less than 0.001; p less than 0.05) cell cytotoxicity by both effector systems, when compared with normal controls. These findings, which seem to be part of a wider defect in cell-mediated immunity, may provide a possible explanation for the described association of malignancy with systemic sclerosis. PMID- 7114923 TI - Lymphocyte cytotoxicity in systemic sclerosis: no increase on short-term culture with established human cell lines. AB - Lymphocyte cytotoxicity towards 4 established human epithelial and fibroblast cell lines was investigated in 18 patients with systemic sclerosis by means of both whole blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in short term (18 h) Cr release assays. No difference in the levels of cytotoxicity was found in patients compared with 25 normal controls, even when allowance was made for the severity of the disease and the sex of patients and controls. It is suggested that long term (3-6 days) culture may be necessary to demonstrate the increased lymphocyte cytotoxicity originally described in the disorder. PMID- 7114924 TI - Natural killer cell activity in untreated systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - With strictly selected controls natural killer cell activity was evaluated in 10 untreated patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Natural killer levels of the patients were significantly lower than those of the age- and sex-matched normal controls. Natural killer levels, however, did not correlate with disease activity. PMID- 7114926 TI - Visual analogue scales. PMID- 7114925 TI - Nephelometry compared with differential antibody titre in routine rheumatoid factor measurements. AB - The comparative merits of agglutination techniques (differential agglutination titre (DAT)/latex slide test) and nephelometry for the routine measurements of IgM rheumatoid factors have been studied in this 2-part paper. The first part investigates the errors inherent in standard DAT measurements, and the second determines the rate of false positive results in an elderly nonrheumatoid population. It was found that the errors in agglutination techniques are due to differences in setting up the tests rather than in interpreting the results, and that the coefficient of variance was consistently around 20%. Approximately 1 in 5 of DAT results have such a high error as to be clinically valueless. The false positive rate in the elderly nonrheumatoid population was only 2% with nephelometry compared with 9% on the latex slide test. A previous study had demonstrated the advantages of nephelometry over DAT in routine rheumatological use, showing not only greater reproducibility but also a more accurate positive detection rate than the DAT in rheumatoid arthritis. The results also suggest that the traditional spectrum of rheumatoid factors of low titre detectable in the general population is probably an artefact inherent in agglutination techniques and that a definitive cut-off point is more likely. As nephelometers are generally available in biochemistry laboratories there is much to recommended their routine use for the measurement of IgM rheumatoid factors. PMID- 7114927 TI - Streptococci and reactive arthritis. PMID- 7114928 TI - Allopurinol effect on renal function in gout. PMID- 7114932 TI - The role of surgery in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) managed medically. AB - From 1975 to 1981, the authors' deliberate intent was to treat all patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) medically. This allowed the authors to ask the question of the need for surgical intervention in patients managed medically. Twenty-six patients followed for an average of 37 months (range 2 to 147 months) from diagnosis were maintained on cimetidine for a mean of 32 months (2 to 64 months). Six of these patients (23%) were unable to be maintained on cimetidine and required surgery during this period. Four received total gastrectomy, and two had lesser operations. Analysis of survival curves in this small group does not illustrate a difference between outcome based on surgical or medical management. Prospective studies based on aggressive attempts at preoperative localization with staging laparotomy and tumor resection seem justified. PMID- 7114934 TI - Improved results of surgical management of postinfarction ventricular septal rupture. AB - Fifty-five patients had surgical repair of postinfarction ventricular septal rupture in Massachusetts General Hospital from 1968 through 1981. In patients operated more than three weeks after infarction, hospital survival has been 93% (14/15). Before 1975 in patients operated less than three weeks after infarction, hospital survival was 41% (7/17). In this same era patents operated for septal rupture with cardiogenic shock present before operation had a hospital survival rate of only 27% (3/11). Before 1975 patients with cardiogenic shock were supported with intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP) and vasopressors, and operation deferred pending hemodynamic stabilization. Before 1975 patients with anterior septal rupture had a hospital survival rate of 64% (9/14), while patients with posterior septal rupture had a hospital survival rate of only 38% (5/13). This difference in survival according to the location of septal rupture occurred despite comparable numbers of patients in each group requiring early operation, as well as incidence of cardiogenic shock. Since January 1, 1975 patients operated less than three weeks after infarction have had an overall hospital survival rate of 70% (16/23). Of the 10 most recent patients operated early, nine are survivors. In patients with anterior defects 85% (11/13) survived, while in patients with posterior defects 67% survived (10/15). In patients operated with cardiogenic shock present before operation, survival has been 67% (10/15). Changes in management leading to improved results include (1) immediate operation for patients with cardiogenic shock, (2) cold cardioplegic protection of the myocardium, and (3) prosthetic replacement of posterior left ventricular free wall defect, after infarctectomy and septal repair, in patients with posterior septal rupture. PMID- 7114933 TI - Primary sclerosing cholangitis: results of an aggressive surgical approach. AB - Traditional management of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) has included steroids and/or choledochotomy plus prolonged T-tube drainage. The authors have not been convinced, however, that either of these therapies significantly influence the course of the disease. Therefore, a more aggressive surgical approach was adopted that included performance of a choledochoenteric anastomosis in all patients with PSC who had either (1) a major area of extrahepatic blockage, or (2) primary involvement of the extrahepatic bile ducts. Using this approach, 17 of 22 patients (77%) managed surgically at the UCLA Medical Center from 1974 through 1980 have undergone a choledochoenteric anastomosis. Of these 17 patients, 13 (77%) have had an excellent or good result following surgery. Four patients whose disease was confined to the common bile duct have all had excellent results (mean follow-up 49.3 months since surgery). In addition, 18 of the entire group of 22 patients (82%) are still alive, a mean of 52.2 months after operation and 64.7 months following establishment of the diagnosis. These results in 22 patients encourage the authors to continue to pursue an aggressive surgical approach for patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. PMID- 7114935 TI - Measurement of spinal cord ischemia during operations upon the thoracic aorta: initial clinical experience. AB - Paraplegia has been an unpredictable, devasting complication following operations upon the thoracoabdominal aorta for over 30 years. The frequency ranges from 0.5% with operations for coarctation to as high as 15% following surgery for thoracoabdominal aneurysms. Both uncertainty and controversy exist about the value of different protective methods during aortic crossclamping (AXC): heparinized shunts, partial bypass, and reimplantation of intercostal arteries. This report describes the authors' initial clinical experience with a highly sensitive indicator of spinal cord ischemia, somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) in an attempt to prevent paraplegia associated with surgical procedures on the thoracoabdominal aorta. Seven consecutive patients (one coarctation, five thoracic aneurysms, one thoracoabdominal aneurysm) underwent continuous operative monitoring of SEP. Cortical response to simultaneous electrical stimulation (20 mAmps, 0.6 mSec., 2.3 cps) of both the right and left posterior tibial nerves was recorded before, during, and after AXC, and following operation. When ischemic changes were detected by SEP, increasing distal circulation by different maneuvers (heparinized shunt, femoral-femoral bypass, reimplantation of intercostal arteries) reversed these changes. In two patients with thoracic aneurysms, ischemic changes appeared within three minutes after AXC and all potentials disappeared in nine minutes. Rapid insertion of a graft (AXC 28 and 37 minutes) resulted in SEP return 40 minutes following restoration of flow. These changes were prevented by a heparinized shunt in two patients, femoral/femoral bypass in one, and T8-T9 intercostal reimplantation in one. No SEP changes occurred in the patient with coarctation. No postoperative neurologic complications occurred. Continuous operative monitoring of SEP has exciting possibilities for preventing paraplegia. It is simple, highly sensitive, and seems to provide a precise measurement of adequacy of circulation to the spinal cord. PMID- 7114936 TI - The treatment of soft-tissue sarcomas of the extremities: prospective randomized evaluations of (1) limb-sparing surgery plus radiation therapy compared with amputation and (2) the role of adjuvant chemotherapy. AB - Between May 1975 and April 1981, 43 adult patients with high-grade soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities were prospectively randomized to receive either amputation at or above the joint proximal to the tumor, including all involved muscle groups, or to receive a limb-sparing resection plus adjuvant radiation therapy. The limb-sparing resection group received wide local excision followed by 5000 rads to the entire anatomic area at risk for local spread and 6000 to 7000 rads to the tumor bed. Both randomization groups received postoperative chemotherapy with doxorubicin (maximum cumulative dose 550 mg/m2), cyclophosphamide, and high-dose methotrexate. Twenty-seven patients randomized to receive limb-sparing resection and radiotherapy, and 16 received amputation (randomization was 2:1). There were four local recurrences in the limb-sparing group and none in the amputation group (p1 = 0.06 generalized Wilcoxon test). However, there were no differences in disease-free survival rates (71% and 78% at five years; p2 = 0.75) or overall survival rates (83% and 88% at five years; p2 = 0.99) between the limb-sparing group and the amputation treatment groups. Multivariate analysis indicated that the only correlate of local recurrence was the final margin of resection. Patients with positive margins of resection had a higher likelihood of local recurrence compared with those with negative margins (p1 less than 0.0001) even when postoperative radiotherapy was used. A simultaneous prospective randomized study of postoperative chemotherapy in 65 patients with high-grade soft-tissue sarcomas of the extremities revealed a marked advantage in patients receiving chemotherapy compared with those without chemotherapy in three-year continuous disease-free (92% vs. 60%; p1 = 0.0008) and overall survival (95% vs. 74%; p1 = 0.04). Thus limb-sparing surgery, radiation therapy, and adjuvant chemotherapy appear capable of successfully treating the great majority of adult patients with soft tissue sarcomas of the extremity. PMID- 7114937 TI - The treatment of state I melanoma of the extremities with regional hyperthermic isolation perfusion. AB - One hundred twenty-two clinically Stage I malignant melanoma patients were treated prospectively in a nonrandomized trial by hyperthermic isolation perfusion with l-phenylalanine mustard (l-Pam), regional lymphadenectomy (RL), and wide local excision (WLE) between April 1965 and July 1980. There were 31 males and 91 females. All primary lesions were retrospectively microstaged by Clark's levels and Breslow's thickness criteria by one of the senior authors. Morphologically, 71% were superficial spreading melanomas (SSM), 16.5% were nodular melanomas (NM), and 11.9% were acral lentiginous melanomas. Survival by microstaging and morphology are reported in Table 1. Eighty-one per cent of all patients were disease-free at five years. Twenty-three patients (18.8%) recurred and of these, 15 died of their disease. This included six of the seven patients with histologically positive lymph nodes. Complications were not only acceptable but preventable and will be discussed. Microstaging provides a valid basis by which to compare treatment regimens and, more importantly, a valid criteria by which to select treatment for a given patient. These data compare favorably with other reported series. At the time these studies were initiated, five-year survivals for clinically Stage I and II melanoma were roughly 55% and 15%, respectively. Existing data clearly indicate that hyperthermic isolation perfusion with RL is superior to WLE and warrants further study in selected patients. PMID- 7114940 TI - The operative treatment of Crohn's enteritis complicated by ileosigmoid fistula. AB - An ileosigmoid fistula complicating Crohn's disease of the small bowel has been considered a perplexing entity, but in practice does not pose a serious operative problem. The presence of such a fistula does not signify that the sigmoid colon is a primary site of Crohn's disease. The operative treatment of this entity is simple and usually does not require resection of the sigmoid colon. Rather the sigmoid colon defect may easily be treated by simple closure, or by minimal partial resection and closure. Temporary diversion of the fecal stream is occasionally indicated because of local inflammation. Forty-four of the 48 patients treated in this manner had successful resolution of their problem. Four patients were found to have primary Crohn's disease of the colon and required further treatments in addition to closure of the fistula. PMID- 7114939 TI - The long-term outcome of restorative operation in Crohn's disease: influence of location, prognostic factors and surgical guidelines. AB - The course of all 113 patients with Crohn's disease whose initial procedure involved an anastomosis operated upon from 1942 to 1972 was followed through 1980. The calculated cumulative 30-year total mortality was 23.4%, 16.7% disease related. The cumulative recurrence rate was 29% at five years, 52% at ten years, 64% at 15 years and 84% at 25 years, with no important differences between disease locations and types of operation. Sex, age, duration, granulomas, enteral or perirectal fistulas and length of the resection, the disease, and the proximal resection margin had no significant influence on the rates of development of recurrent disease or on functional outcome. By far the most common site of recurrence was the neo-terminal ileum, but in ileocolitis compared with ileitis, recurrence was 5.2 times more likely (p = 0.0001) to involve the adjacent or remote colon as well. Moreover, only 1/63 ileitis patients eventually required ileostomy, whereas 15/47 patients with ileocolitis or colitis ultimately required this procedure (p less than 0.001). The current status of the patients was excellent or good in 64% and unwell or dead related in 24%. Urolithiasis developed in 19%. PMID- 7114942 TI - Surgery for esophageal motor disorders. PMID- 7114938 TI - Immediate definitive surgery for perforated duodenal ulcers: a prospective controlled trial. AB - A prospective, randomized, double-blind trial was conducted in 101 patients to evaluate the safety and benefits of immediate definitive surgery for perforated duodenal ulcers. These patients, who were judged by predefined criteria to be medically fit and to have perforations in chronic ulcers, were randomized to undergo simple closure (35 patients), truncal vagotomy and drainage (VD) (32 patients), or proximal gastric vagotomy with closure (PGV) (34 patients). Patients were followed with endoscopic assessment for up to 39 months. There was no mortality and only a few minor postoperative complications. At 39 months follow-up, the cumulative rates of recurrence were 63.3%, 11.8% and 3.8% after closure, VD, and PGV, respectively (p less than 0.001). With the exception of the one recurrence after PGV, all relapses were symptomatic, and eight of these 18 required reoperation. Relapse rates and Visick scores between VD and PGV were significantly different. Both safe as well as effective, immediate, nonresective, definitive operation is indicated for good-risk patients who have perforations in chronic duodenal ulcers. PMID- 7114943 TI - Reflux control following myotomy in diffuse esophageal spasm. AB - Sixty-five patients with diffuse esophageal spasm (DES) were investigated by history, radiology, manometry, and endoscopy prior to surgical management. At operation they underwent extended myotomy to the apex of the chest, including the high-pressure zone; in addition, all had hiatal hernia repair. Four types of repair were used: the Belsey procedure, partial fundoplication gastroplasty, total fundoplication gastroplasty, and the Nissen procedure. With the Belsey or the partial fundoplication, there was a high incidence of continued reflux. With the total fundoplication procedure, there was no reflux; however, 6 patients had minor dysphagia and 1 had major dysphagia. With myotomy and a standard Nissen fundoplication, 13 patients were asymptomatic and 2 had minor dysphagia; none had major residual symptoms. PMID- 7114941 TI - Total thyroidectomy: the treatment of choice for patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. AB - There is considerable controversy about the most appropriate treatment of patients with thyroid cancer. This report concerns the author's experience with 82 consecutive patients having total thyroidectomy from January 1977 through December 1981. The age of the patients ranged from 21 to 86 years (mean age 44 years). There were 44 women and 38 men. Twenty-four patients (29%) had had previous thyroid operations; ten patients (11%) had coexistent parathyroid adenomas removed; and seven patients (8.5%) had modified radical neck dissections. Thirty-four patients (41%) had a history of radiation to the head and neck, and 12 (35%) of the 34 irradiated patients and 51 (63%) of the entire group of 82 patients had thyroid cancer (45 papillary, five follicular, one medullary). Coexistent lesions in the patients with papillary cancer included Hashimoto's thyroiditis, five patients; parathyroid adenomas, four patients; Graves' disease, one patient; Hurthle cell neoplasm, one patient; and amyloid struma, one patient. If less than total thyroidectomy had been performed, 26 (51%) of the 51 patients with thyroid cancer would have had cancer left in the residual thyroid lobe, and focal cancers in the lobe opposite to the one containing the nodule for which the operation was performed would have been missed in five patients (10%). Five of the 20 patients with unilateral cancer had follicular cancer. Complications included one case of permanent hypoparathyroidism and two cases of transient bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy. Ninety-six per cent of the patients were discharged within four days of thyroidectomy, 94% by three days, and 79% by two days. Uptake of radioactive iodine was not above background levels in nine (26%) of the 35 patients studied after operation and was less than 1% in the remainder. These data suggest that total thyroidectomy is the treatment of choice for patients with thyroid cancer because residual cancer would persist in the remaining thyroid tissue in at least 61% of patients if only lobectomy had been performed. Total thyroidectomy can be done with minimal permanent disability in patients with benign and malignant thyroid tumors, in patients who have had previous thyroid operations, and in patients with coexistent hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 7114944 TI - Esophagectomy: definitive treatment for esophageal neuromotor dysfunction. AB - Twenty-two patients with a history of between one and four (average of two) unsuccessful prior esophageal operations for neuromotor dysfunction were treated with esophageal resection and replacement. Eleven (50%) had recurred reflux esophagitis in association with various disorders of motility: esophageal spasm in 4, achalasia in 3, scleroderma in 2, and esophageal atresia in 2. Eight (36%) had primary esophageal spasm and 3 (14%) had achalasia. Esophageal obstruction, regurgitation, and severe spasm were the most common manifestations of the inability to swallow normally. Transthoracic or transhiatal (blunt) esophagectomies were performed in 5 and 17 patients, respectively. The stomach, with a cervical esophagogastric anastomosis, was used for esophageal substitution in 15 patients. Six patients underwent a long-segment colonic interposition, and 1 patient with achalasia underwent a distal esophagectomy and short-segment colonic interposition. One patient undergoing transthoracic esophagectomy for achalasia died from unrecognized intraoperative bleeding into the opposite chest. There were no other operative deaths. Additional complications included transient hoarseness in 8 patients, chylothorax in 1, and anastomotic leak in 1. After an average follow-up of 25 months for the 21 surviving patients, ability to eat is regarded as good in 18 (85%), fair in 1 (5%), and poor in 2 (10%). In patients with incapacitating esophageal neuromotor disease, a more radical operative approach-esophagectomy--may be safer and more reliable than attempting another procedure and risking another failure. Esophagectomy ensures definitive elimination of the esophageal problem and as optimal an ability to eat as possible. Our experience suggests that the stomach, with a cervical esophagogastric anastomosis, offers a better functional esophageal substitute than does a colonic interposition. PMID- 7114945 TI - Clinical durability of the pericardial xenograft valve: ten years experience with mitral replacement. AB - Data from 366 patients with mitral valve replacement (250 single and 116 multiple) who received pericardial xenografts between 1971 and 1981 were analyzed. Cumulative duration of follow-up was 1,151 patient-years, with a maximum duration of 10.7 years. Actuarial survival at 11 years is 71.6 +/- 14.2%. Pericardial valve failure occurred in 7 patients (0.6 episodes per 100 patient years). Actuarial freedom from valve failure at 11 years is 90.4 +/- 9.1% for the entire series. Although 275 (75.1%) patients were in chronic atrial fibrillation, anticoagulants were not used in any patient beyond the first 6 postoperative weeks. The incidence of emboli was 0.6% per year. Six episodes occurred following single mitral valve replacement and 1 after multiple valve replacement (5 early and 2 late). The actuarial freedom from embolism in 96.4 +/- 1.5% at 6 and 11 years postoperatively. Valve thrombosis has not been encountered. This analysis has shown a low incidence of valve dysfunction and a very low risk of embolic complications without long-term anticoagulation. The pericardial xenograft is a safe substitute for the mitral valve, with predictable behavior during the first decade of follow-up. PMID- 7114946 TI - Comparison of roller pump versus pressurized bag administration of potassium cardioplegic solution. AB - We sought to determine the relative efficacy of administering cardioplegia by the pressurized bag versus roller pump technique. Fourteen dogs were placed on cardiopulmonary bypass at 30 degrees C and subjected to 2 hours of cardioplegic arrest. Group 1 (7 dogs) was administered cardioplegic solution from a plastic bag under pressure into the ascending aorta every 20 minutes for the 2-hour period, and Group 2 (7 dogs) was given cardioplegia by means of a roller pump. Myocardial temperature decreased in Group 1 to 13.4 degrees C following administration of the cardioplegic solution, and to 13.1 degrees C in Group 2 (not significant). These temperatures were reached in 3.0 minutes in Group 1 and 1.9 minutes in Group 2 (p less than 0.03). Aortic root pressures during cardioplegic infusion were 31 +/- 2 mm Hg in Group 1 versus 46 +/- 2 mm Hg in Group 2 (p less than 0.01). No significant differences between groups were noted in myocardial distribution of cardioplegia, myocardial blood flow or metabolism, or left ventricular hemodynamics. We conclude that both methods of administering cardioplegia lowered myocardial temperature adequately and protected the myocardium for a period of 2 hours in these normal hearts. The roller pump method facilitated faster cooling and produced significantly higher aortic perfusion pressures, however, which may be important in hearts with coronary stenosis. PMID- 7114947 TI - Early open radical commissurotomy: surgical treatment of choice for mitral stenosis. AB - Between 1967 and 1979, 411 patients underwent surgical treatment of isolated mitral stenosis at our institution. Open radical mitral commissurotomy was performed in 150 patients (1967-1978; mean follow-up, 46 months; range, 4 to 116 months). Mitral valve replacement using a porcine prosthesis was performed in 74 patients (1976-1979; mean follow-up, 23 months; range, 2 to 48 months). Mitral valve replacement with a cloth-covered Starr-Edwards prosthesis was performed in 187 patients (1967-1975; mean follow-up, 45 months; range, 2 to 106 months). Preoperative characteristics were similar in the three groups. The open commissurotomy and Starr-Edwards groups were followed up to 9 years and the porcine valve group up to 4 years, with 97% follow-up in each group. Life-table analysis (6-month intervals) of all postoperative complications revealed significantly greater complication-free survival for patients who had open radical commissurotomy compared with Starr-Edwards (p less than 0.05) valve replacement. Similar analysis of thromboembolic and warfarin-related complications revealed significantly fewer complications in commissurotomy patients. No significant differences were found (p greater than 0.05) when comparing the need for subsequent reoperation in each group. Operative mortality following open radical mitral commissurotomy (0%; 0 out of 150) was significantly less (p less than 0.05) than after mitral valve replacement in both porcine (8.1%; 6 out of 74) and Starr-Edwards (11.2%; 21 out out 187) groups. Life-table analysis of late cardiac-related mortality revealed a significantly greater cumulative survival rate for the commissurotomy versus the Starr-Edwards groups at all intervals from 12 to 108 months (100 versus 84 +/- 5%, p less than 0.05). No significant differences were noted between commissurotomy and porcine valve groups during the 4-year follow-up period (100 +/- 0% versus 96 +/- 3%, p greater than 0.05). Based on these findings, we conclude that when the anatomy is favorable, the surgical treatment of choice for isolated mitral stenosis is open radical mitral commissurotomy. PMID- 7114948 TI - Intraoperative detection of spinal cord ischemia using somatosensory cortical evoked potentials during thoracic aortic occlusion. AB - Paraplegia remains a devastating and unpredictable complication of surgical procedures requiring temporary occlusion of the thoracic aorta, interruption of important spinal radicular vessels, or both. Intraoperative monitoring of the physiological integrity of the spinal cord should permit the early detection of spinal cord ischemia, the judicious and timely institution of corrective measures, including bypass or shunting, and the preservation of important intercostal arteries in appropriate circumstances. A model of spinal cord ischemia was created by temporary proximal and distal occlusion of the canine thoracic aorta. Serial measurement of somatosensory cortical evoked potentials (SCEP) generated by peripheral nerve stimulation, reflecting the status of long tract neural conduction, was used to monitor alterations in spinal cord function during ischemia. Twelve animals subjected to aortic occlusion demonstrated a characteristic time-related deterioration of the SCEP with virtual extinction of the signal at a mean interval (+/- standard error of the mean) of 12.4 +/- 1.5 minutes. Six animals in which reperfusion was established immediately following the loss of the SCEP (Group 1) demonstrated complete recovery without neurological sequelae, as assessed by clinical and histological criteria. In 6 animals (Group 2), the period of aortic occlusion was extended for an additional 15 minutes following loss of the SCEP (27.3 +/- 2.3 minutes); postoperatively, 4 of 6 animals sustained major neurological lesions characterized by spastic paraplegia and histological evidence of spinal cord infarction (Group 1 versus Group 2, p less than 0.05). We conclude that distinctive alterations in the SCEP are indicative of reversible ischemic spinal cord dysfunction. On-line monitoring of spinal cord function using the technique of SCEP provides a rational basis for determining of SCEP provides a rational basis for determining operative strategy during surgical procedures on the thoracic aorta. PMID- 7114949 TI - A new, simple method for intraoperative reinfusion. AB - The disposable device for intraoperative reinfusion consists of a polycarbonate container with an antifoam-coated filter. One port is connected to the suction tip; the other port is attached to wall suction. Sodium citrate solution (50 to 100 ml) is aspirated first, followed by 400 ml of shed blood. The full container is passed to the anesthetist who turns the device upside down and starts reinfusion from the bottom, previously the top port of the container. In experiments with dogs, this procedure resulted in only slight hemolysis, a minor drop in platelet count, and no mortality or morbidity. This new method of reinfusion combines the advantages of simplicity, disposable equipment, and low blood trauma. PMID- 7114950 TI - Asymmetrical myocardial hypothermia during hypothermic cardioplegia. AB - To evaluate the possibility of inadequate right ventricular protection during operation, the temperatures of the anterior myocardium of the right ventricle and the middle of the interventricular septum were compared at ten-minute intervals throughout the period of continuous coronary ischemia in 130 consecutive patients. Systemic temperature was lowered to 23 degrees C, using cardiopulmonary bypass. Cardiac arrest was induced by aortic cross-clamping and infusion of cold cardioplegic solution. Cold solution was reinfused as necessary to maintain septal temperatures at less than 20 degrees C. Despite the use of superior and inferior vena caval cannulation for control of venous return, it was more difficult to maintain the right ventricle at the desired degree of myocardial hypothermia than the left ventricle. The difference between left and right ventricular temperatures was as great as 19 degrees C. In 80% of the observations (n = 1,010), the right ventricle was warmer than the left ventricle. The most frequently occurring temperature differences (left ventricle minus right ventricle) were in the 2 degrees to 3 degrees C range. These data indicate that it is more difficult to maintain hypothermia in the right ventricle. Concern for the left ventricle alone may be misleading. An alarming degree of rewarming may occur in the right ventricle and thereby contribute to right ventricular dysfunction and unilateral right ventricular failure. PMID- 7114951 TI - Mediastinal and osseous lymphangiomatosis: case report and review. PMID- 7114952 TI - Surgical correction of congenital tricuspid stenosis. PMID- 7114953 TI - Cardiac tamponade secondary to chylopericardium following cardiac surgery: case report and review of the literature. AB - Only four instances of isolated chylopericardium following cardiac operation have been reported previously. We encountered this complication in a young patient who was operated on for infundibular pulmonary stenosis. The etiology appears to be related to a combination of intraoperative lymphatic injury and catheter-related subclavian vein thrombosis, the latter potentially elevating pressure within the thoracic duct and thereby resulting in an accumulation of chyle within the pericardial space. Therapy for this problem usually includes partial pericardiectomy with or without ligation of the thoracic duct. PMID- 7114954 TI - Instrument to create an atrial septal defect. PMID- 7114955 TI - Ultrastructural studies of spermatozoa and the epithelial lining of the epididymis and vas deferens in rats treated with gossypol. AB - This study was undertaken to determine the effects at early time intervals of gossypol on sperm motility and on the ultrastructure of rat epididymal and vasal sperm and epididymal and vasal epithelium. Rats were treated by gavage with 20 or 30 mg/kg/day of gossypol for 7 weeks; control animals were unfed or received the vehicle alone. The results confirm and extend earlier observations demonstrating that epididymal sperm of gossypol-treated rats exhibit distinct ultrastructural changes under the experimental conditions employed. The severity and frequency of the degenerative changes appear to increase with dose and duration of treatment. Striking ultrastructural defects can be seen as early as 3 weeks after 20 mg/kg/day of gossypol. By the fifth week of either 20 or 30 mg/kg/day of gossypol, significant damage to virtually all sperm flagella is observed throughout the epididymal duct of all treated rats. The initial and predominant defect is degeneration of the midpiece mitochondria but additional flagellar defects are described in detail. Not surprisingly, caudal spermatozoa are totally immotile by the fifth week. The ultrastructure of the epididymal and vasal epithelium is not affected by gossypol. PMID- 7114956 TI - Influence of abstinence and ejaculation-to-analysis delay on semen analysis parameters of suspected infertile men. AB - No significant differences were found between mean values calculated for daily increases in abstinence for any semen analysis parameter, with the exception of ejaculate volume between 1 and 2 days of abstinence. However, graphical analysis revealed significant trend lines for both ejaculate volume and total sperm count. The mean ejaculate volume increased by 1.0 ml between the first and second days of abstinence, and at approximately 0.3 ml/day thereafter until the 5th day. The total sperm count showed a mean daily increase of 50-60 x 10(6) spermatozoa/day. Quantitative differences exist in the evolution of these two parameters in comparison to normal fertile men. There were decreased mean percentages of motile and viable spermatozoa at short periods (less than or equal to 1 day) of abstinence, increasing up until the 2nd (% viable) or 3rd (% motile) days of abstinence, with decreased values at greater than 5 days. The mean percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa was unaffected by the duration of abstinence. Delays of up to 3 hr between ejaculation and analysis did not seriously affect the mean semen parameters. PMID- 7114957 TI - Changes in protein carboxyl-methylase isoenzymes during testicular development in the rat. AB - Measurements of total rat testicular protein carboxyl-methylase (PCM) activity at various ages ranging from 10 to 90 days showed a rapid (fivefold) increase between 20 and 30 days, coincident with the occurrence of haploid germ cells. When partially purified testicular enzyme, at different ages, was fractionated by isoelectric focusing, the activity of the individual PCM isomers displayed clear differences in the time at which maximal activity was reached. The most acid PCM isoenzyme (pI 6.1) was the dominant isoform in the immature testis and exhibited the highest increase in activity between 20 and 30 days of age. During the same age interval, the activity of the other two isoenzymes (pI 6.7 and 7.4) increased only slightly. At 50 days, while the isofocusing profile revealed no additional increase in the activity of the acid isoform (pI 6.1) and only a doubling in the activity of the second isomer (pI 6.7), the most basic isoenzyme displayed a drastic increment in specific activity (approximately sixfold when compared to 30 days). This indicates that the PCM isozymes have different cellular localization in the seminiferous tubules. The acid isomer (pI 6.1) appears to be associated to the early stages of spermatogenesis and may represent both germ cell and somatic cell PCM. The basic isomer (pI 7.4) may be specific for germ cells (spermatids), and is most likely associated with the later stages of germ cell maturation. PMID- 7114958 TI - Effects of hCG antiserum on reproductive organs and fertility of male rats. AB - The effects of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) antiserum on reproductive organs and fertility of male rats were investigated. Morphology of treated rat spermatozoa differed markedly from normal rat spermatozoa. The morphological abnormalities were associated with the reduced fertilizability and motility of spermatozoa. The ascorbic acid metabolism was also affected in testis and adrenal. The blood testosterone levels were lowered. Thus, the androgen-sensitive parameters were significantly decreased as a result of the androgen deprivation by the treatment. hCG antiserum manifested antiandrogenic and antifertility effects. PMID- 7114959 TI - Niridazole and fertility in bilharzial men. AB - The antispermatogenic effect of niridazole was studied in 20 bilharzialmale patients. Niridazole was found to induce defective spermatogenesis in the form of focal spermatocyte arrest and or germinal cell hypoplasia. The effect was transient, with active recovery occurring 3 months after therapy. Niridazole therapy must be postponed or changed for those subjects whose semen parameters prove to be subfertile. PMID- 7114961 TI - Effect of uremic serum on sperm motility: evaluation by multiple exposure photography. AB - The effect of serum from patients with severe chronic renal failure on the motility of ejaculated spermatozoa was objectively evaluated by the multiple exposure photography method. Uremic serum was not found to have a deleterious effect on the motility of ejaculated spermatozoa. On the contrary it caused a significant increase of spermatozoal velocity and a slighter increase in the percentage motility. These effects cannot be only attributed to the lowering of seminal viscosity and to the reduction of sperm concentration, but to various substances contained in blood serum. PMID- 7114960 TI - Sperm antibodies in serum and semen in men with bilateral congenital absence of the vas deferens. AB - Sperm antibodies were evaluated in serum and semen of 14 cases with bilateral congenital absence of the vas deferens, by agglutination and complement dependent tests. The level of the various immunoglobulin fractions were determined by the single radial immuno diffusion method. Sperm agglutinins were present in serum in 71% of cases and in 29% in semen. Immunoglobin (Ig) M was not detected in semen of both patient and control groups, while IgG and IgA were absent in the semen of patients. PMID- 7114962 TI - [Vasodilator therapy in pulmonary arterial hypertension of unknown cause (primary)]. PMID- 7114964 TI - [Pacemaker implantation inthe pleural cavity (author's transl)]. AB - Among the group of patients that need a cardiac pacemaker due to different clinical problems, there is a small number that require the implantation of the generator in areas of the body other than the subcutaneous or subaponeurotic pockets. These situations may be due to continuous infections of the pocket or in occasions because of the potential danger that represents the breaking of the electrode catheter when it is superficially located. It can also be caused by generator displacements, which are normally of traumatic origin although in some patients it can be caused by excessive physical effort. We describe four cases, where clinical conditions made necessary the generator implantations in the left pleural cavity. Indications, complications, and results are hereby analyzed, describing surgical technics, mentioning that this method is an alternative one that can solve the case of multiple re-implantations due to body rejection, infections, or physical trauma. PMID- 7114963 TI - [New echocardiographic (M-mode) index for evaluation of left ventricular end diastolic pressure in chronic aortic regurgitation (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical evaluation of the best time for the surgical treatment of chronic aortic insufficiency is difficult to be assessed. Several invasive and non invasive procedures had been used, but there is no definitive solution yet. At the National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chavez, 13 patients wih pure, chronic and isolated cortic regurgitation (AR) were studied by echocardiography M mode (Echo M) to determine the state of left ventricular performance and the correlation with the valves of the end diastolic pressure of left ventricle (LVEDP). Besides catheterism of the left side, aortography and ventriculography were performed to all the patients. Catheterism, X-nay and electrocardiogram were done within a period no longer than 24 hours after the Echo M record. The function of the left ventricle (LV) was evaluated by measures and calculations published by other authors. With the purpose of integrating the functional characteristics of the LV in one expression, the indices left ventricle and systolic diameter divided by left ventricular normalized velocity of posterior wall (LVESD/LVPWNV) was created. It showed good correlation with LVEDP (r = 0.92). The index also had good correlation with the cardiothoracic ratio (r = 0.86) and the mean velocity of circumferential shortening of the LV by Echo M (r = 0.91). We consider important the LVESD/LVPWNV index proposed here, to determine the LVEDP of these patients; together with the whole clinical information, it makes easier the identification of the most appropriate time for surgical treatment making possible to evade the phase of myocardial damage which is risky to patients with chronic aortic insufficiency. PMID- 7114965 TI - [Echocardiographic study of corrected transposition (author's transl)]. AB - We studied patients with corrected transposition of the great arteries by M and bidimensional echocardiography. Three patients in situs solitus and one in atrial situs inversus. The characteristics of the atrio-ventricular valves, and it's relation with other heart structures was determined, as well as the ventriculo arterial connections and the presence of associated defects. The approximations employed were parasternal and suprasternal. The cases of discordant ventriculo arterial connection in atrial situs solitus showed mitro-pulmonary continuity. In these cases the pulmonary artery, located in a right posterior situation with respect to the aorta, became intensely opaque when contrast material was injected in a peripheral vein. In atrial situs inversus, the aorta had a right and anterior position. We conclude that it is possible to establish the diagnosis of atrioventricular discordance by an adequate systematization of the echocardiographic recordings. PMID- 7114966 TI - [Myocardial infarction in patients below the age of 40 (author's transl)]. AB - During the last 4 years 2040 patients with myocardial infarction were admitted to the C.C.U. of the National Institute of Cardiology. Thirty five patient under 40 years of age were studied. Three had Rheumatic heart disease and in 32 the etiology of the myocardial infarction was probably coronary atherosclerosis. The 32 cases under 40 years of age were compared to a group of patients with myocardial infarction older than 40 years of age. A great predominance of myocardial infarction was found in young males which were heavy smokers. There were no significant differences with the presence of obesity and arterial hypertension. In the younger group, myocardial infarction were more frequent in those with intellectual activity and in taxi drivers. The early hospital course was better in the young group they did not have cardiac failure, cardiogenic shock and none died. However, in the long term follow up the younger group had more P.V.C. and ventricular tachycardia. The cardiography of the younger showed an important predominance of lesions in the left coronary artery. It is concluded that in young people, myocardial infarctions seems to occur primarily in smokers with stress in their Kind of living. These patients seem to have less complications in the early and long term courses. However, more cardiac rhythm disorders are present. PMID- 7114968 TI - [Cardiac tamponade due to pericardial metastasis (author's transl)]. AB - A case of pericardial tamponade secondary to pericardial metastases of bronchogenic carcinoma in a young male is presented. The diagnostic studies are reviewed, specially the cytologic study of pericardial fluid. The fact that malignant tumors of the lung are the more frequent invaders to the heart is emphasized, with different clinical presentations regarding the involved site. The lymphatic pathways of the heart are reviewed, explaining the formation of hemorrhagic fluid inside the pericardial sac. Although this type of pathology is relatively rare as a cause of pericardial tamponade, this possibility should be kept in mind in order to make an early diagnosis. PMID- 7114967 TI - [Study of sinus node function and atrioventricular conduction in patients with chagas disease (author's transl)]. AB - In order to detect possible abnormalities in sinus node function and atrio ventricular conduction, one hundred and fourty three chagasic patients were subjected to electrophysiologic and pharmacologic studies. These patients were placed in four categories based on the their clinical, hemodynamic and angiographic characteristics. The chagasic patient without cardiac involvement (group IA), had no detectable abnormalities. Ten percent of those patients with early myocardial damage (group IB), had impaired sinus node automaticity. In three percent, the autonomic innervation was also altered and four percent had abnormally prolonged atrio-ventricular conduction. Among chagasic patients with abnormal EKG'S without heart failure (Group II), 45% had impaired sinus node automaticity, autonomic innervation was altered in 12%, and atrio-ventricular conduction was prolonged in 37%. Sinus node automaticity was impaired in 22% of those patients with abnormal EKG'S and heart failure (Group III). Autonomic innervation was altered in 33%, and atrio-ventricular conduction was prolonged in 47%. We conclude that over half of our patients with abnormal EKG'S will eventually require permanent pacing. Therefore, in these chagasic patients sinus node function and atrioventricular conduction should be routinely studied. PMID- 7114970 TI - The effects of totigestational exposure to nicotine on pre- and postnatal development in the rat. AB - Chronic administration of low doses of nicotine (1.5 and 3 mg/kg per day) to female Fischer 344 rats started one week prior to mating and continued until parturition. An initial dose-related weight reduction was seen during the first week. However, following mating the weight gain of the females and the birth weight of the offspring were not different from controls. Treatment effects in the newborn were observed in the righting reflex, temperature regulation, adherence to the inclined screen, and in organ/body weight ratios for brain, heart, lung, liver, and kidney. In the adult female offspring treatment-related effects were seen as a prolonged time required and an increase in number of mistakes made, during food maze testing and an increased brain protein content. Treated offspring required three learning sessions to reach the 50% shock avoidance level while control offspring required only two. Nicotine administered chronically in low doses throughout gestation has little effect on gross structural development, but does cause subtle neurological changes which are manifested as behavioral alterations in the newborn and adult offspring. PMID- 7114969 TI - Effects of rociverine and other spasmolytic agents on caerulein-induced delay in gastric emptying in the conscious rat. AB - Caerulein (C)-induced delay in gastric emptying (GE), due to pylorospasm, was used as an experimental model for a quantitative test of the activity of some spasmolytic drugs in conscious rats. Rociverine at doses of 10 and 15 mg kg-1 i.p., though not at higher doses, considerably reduced this delay. Of the other drugs tested only papaverine had this effect and to a lesser degree. Atropine, N butylscopolammonium bromide and dicyclomine proved to be inactive or further reduced GE. The effect of spasmolytics on C pylorospasm seems to be the outcome of two actions possessed by the drugs in varying degree: on the one hand a pyloric sphincter relaxant action, which increases GE, and on the other a relaxant action on the smooth musculature of the stomach, which tends to reduce GE. The model used highlights the activity of the spasmolytics that act on pylorospasm at doses which per se do not cause a marked delay in GE. PMID- 7114971 TI - The teratogenicity of cyproheptadine in two generations of Wistar rats. AB - Four groups of pregnant Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally at day 7, 10, 13 or 15 of gestation. Every lot in each group received either 10, 20, 30 or 50 mg/kg cyproheptadine. A fifth group received 2 mg/kg/day of this drug during the entire course of pregnancy. The maximum effect of this drug was found on the 13th and 15th day of gestation. The abnormalities observed in the 21 day old foetuses of the first generation (F1) were found mainly in the brain, kidney, liver as well as in the skull and sternum. Cyproheptadine produced post-natal mortality during the first month from 28.8 to 67.8%. The higher degree of mortality was produced in the rats receiving 2 mg/kg/day. The survivors of this F1 generation were treated in the same way as the parent generation (P). Their descendants (F2) showed similar results. Thus cyproheptadine, in all doses administered, produced signs of toxicity and/or teratogenic effects in rats. PMID- 7114972 TI - Depression of reflex vagal bradycardia by a central action of phentolamine in the spinal cat. AB - Cats were anaesthetized with a mixture of alpha-chloralose and urethane and artificially ventilated. The spinal cord was transected at the C-1 level and the fourth cerebral ventricle cannulated. Phentolamine (500 microgram) administered into the fourth cerebral ventricle depressed the reflex vagal bradycardic responses elicited by intravenous pressor doses of noradrenaline. Enhancement of reflex bradycardia occurred following intracerebroventricular administration of L DOPA (3.0 mg) which was reversed by subsequent administration of phentolamine into the fourth cerebral ventricle of spinal cats. These results suggest that central noradrenergic stimulation enhances and noradrenergic blockade suppresses the reflex vagal activation. In midcollicular decerebrate cats, intracerebroventricular administration of phentolamine reduced the reflex bradycardic responses elicited by intravenous noradrenaline. It is suggested that the action of phentolamine to depress baroreceptor mediated reflex vagal activation is on sites within the pontomedullary areas of the cat. PMID- 7114973 TI - Effects of semirigid methoxamine analogs on vascular smooth muscle: studies of methoxy-2-aminotetralin and 2-aminoindane derivatives. AB - The effects of semirigid methoxy analogs of 2-aminotetralin (2-AT) and 2 aminoindane (2-AI) were studied on superfused dog metatarsal veins to investigate postjunctional interactions produced by these agents on sympathetically innervated vascular smooth muscle. The following compounds were tested: norepinephrine (NE); serotonin (5-HT); amphetamine (AMP); methoxamine (MTH); 2-di n-propylamino-4,7-dimethoxyindane (RDS-127); 2-di-n-propylamino-5,6, dimethoxyindane (JPC-211); 2-di-n-propylaminoindane (JPC-6036); 2-methylamino-5,8 dimethoxytetralin (DR-31); 2-methylamino-4,7-dimethoxyindane (RDS-31). The results of this study indicate that contractions produced by these compounds have the following ranked ordered potencies: 5-HT greater than NE much greater than MTH greater than or equal to RDS-127 = DR-31; JPC-6036, RDS-31, JPC-211 and AMP were inactive. The contractions produced by NE, MTH, RDS-127 or DR-31, but not 5 HT, probably occur through alpha1-adrenergic receptors since these contractions were blocked with prazosin. 5-HT and RDS-127, but not NE, MTH or DR-31 activate serotonin receptors since methysergide blocked the response produced by 5-HT or RDS-127. NE-induced contractions were augmented and tyramine-induced contractions were attenuated with cocaine. The responses of MTH, RDS-127 or DR-31 probably do not displace NE through a tyramine-like action since cocaine had no effect on contractions induced by these compounds. These data suggest that semirigid paramethoxylated derivatives of 2-AT and 2-AI are potent postjunctional receptor agonists which probably initiate venoconstriction via direct receptor interactions. The structure-activity relationships of these compounds are discussed. PMID- 7114974 TI - Antispasmodic effects of valeriana compounds: an in-vivo and in-vitro study on the guinea-pig ileum. AB - The valepotriates isovaltrate and valtrate, and the essential oil compound valeranone caused a suppression of rhythmic contractions in a closed part of the guinea-pig ileum in-vivo. The same compounds and didrovaltrate relaxed potassium stimulated contractures and inhibited BaCl2 contractions in guinea-pig ileum preparations in-vitro. Guinea-pig stomach fundic strips stimulated by carbachol were also relaxed by these substances. Potassium stimulated smooth muscle cells were also relaxed by the valeriana compounds (10(-5)-10(-4) M) even, when autonomic receptors were blocked by appropriate antagonists. In lower concentrations (10(-6)-10(-5) M), the compounds did not affect the dose-response curves of carbachol and isoprenaline. In some experiments valeranone at 4.10(-6) M produced an increased isoprenaline relaxation of the guinea-pig ileum. Valeranone and didrovaltrate were about equipotent to papaverine in inhibiting BaCl2 contractions. It is concluded that the valeriana compounds probably relax stimulated smooth muscle cells by acting as musculotropic agents and not by interacting with receptors of the autonomic nervous system. PMID- 7114977 TI - Vaccine-related poliomyelitis. PMID- 7114978 TI - Hot tub folliculitis. A sheep in wolf's clothing. PMID- 7114976 TI - Effects of different diuretics on tetracycline-induced hyperuraemia and hypercreatininaemia in the rat. AB - Tetracycline injection (45 mg/kg, i.v.) produced increases in plasma urea and creatinine levels in rats. The greatest increases occurred after 24 hr for urea and after 6 hr for creatinine, the latter effect persisted for at least 30 hr. The actions of six diuretics (acetazolamide, bumetanide, chlorothiazide, chlorthalidone, triamterene and indapamide) given orally either as pretreatment (1 hr before tetracycline injection) or post-treatment (4 hr after tetracycline injection) were examined. When given as pretreatments, all six diuretics reduced the hyperuraemia, and generally the hypercreatininaemia, that existed 24 hr after tetracycline injection. In contrast, when given as post-treatments, only bumetanide reduced the increase in urea and creatinine levels. It is postulated that this protective action of diuretics could occur by their displacement of tetracycline molecules from protein binding sites or by a-direct action on renal function. PMID- 7114975 TI - The effects of nifedipine and verapamil on spontaneous and carbachol-stimulated contractions of rat urinary bladder "in vivo". AB - The effects of nifedipine and verapamil on spontaneous and carbachol-induced contractions of rat urinary bladder have been studied after intravenous administration. Both nifedipine and verapamil delayed the onset of spontaneous contractions in a dose-dependent manner, but nifedipine on the contrary of verapamil only slightly antagonized the intensity of spontaneous contractions and of carbachol contracture. These results suggest that the effects of verapamil on rat urinary bladder "in vivo" are different from those of nifedipine. PMID- 7114979 TI - Overt iron deficiency in sickle cell disease. AB - Overt iron deficiency was diagnosed in four patients with sickle cell disease. Three patients had homozygous SS and one had hemoglobin SC disease. The cause in each case was proved or suspected blood loss. Iron repletion was accompanied by increases in the blood hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and by change in the RBC morphologic characteristics from hypochromic microcytic to normochromic normocytic. The diagnosis of iron deficiency was confirmed by the finding of a low serum ferritin level, a high serum total iron-binding capacity, or both. Two patients who had had no painful crises while they were iron deficient began having crises again, and another patient had painful crises for the first time after the blood values improved. Whether a lowered MCHC is beneficial to patients with sickle cell diseases is an important but unanswered question. PMID- 7114980 TI - Severe aortic insufficiency. An echocardiographic diagnosis. PMID- 7114981 TI - Cardiovascular responses to isometric exercise in patients with mitral stenosis. Comparison with normal subjects and patients with depressed ejection fraction. AB - The hemodynamic response to isometric handgrip was evaluated in 15 patients with mitral stenosis (MS), 12 normal subjects, and 13 patients with severe left ventricular failure (LVF). Acceleration of heart rate and rise in left ventricular systolic pressure were not significantly different between the three groups. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure did not change in normal subjects and patients with MS during handgrip, but it was raised markedly in patients with LVF. Cardiac index increased in normal subjects but did not change in patients with MS and LVF. Stroke index declined in patients with LVF. In all groups there was a modest and similar increase in oxygen consumption and significant widening of the arteriovenous oxygen difference in patients with LVF. In patients with MS, pulmonary capillary pressure increased by an average of 10.6 mm Hg, with a parallel rise in mean pulmonary vascular resistance. It is concluded that patients with MS demonstrate a normal chronotropic and pressor response to isometric exercise. Normal left ventricular end-diastolic pressure response to isometric handgrip stress in patients with MS suggests good left ventricular performance. PMID- 7114982 TI - Phenylbutazone and sulfinpyrazone interaction with oral anticoagulant phenprocoumon. AB - To compare the marked hypoprothrombinemic augmentation in man of racemic warfarin sodium by the pyrazolons phenylbutazone and sulfinpyrazone with that of the coumarin anticoagulant phenprocoumon, these interactions were studied prospectively in six normal subjects. Large single doses of racemic phenprocoumon, 0.6 mg/kg orally, were administered with and without daily phenylbutazone, 300 mg, or sulfinpyrazone, 400 mg, beginning three days before phenprocoumon and continuing for 14 days. Daily blood samples were drawn for phenprocoumon content and one-stage prothrombin time. Phenylbutazone markedly increased both the phenprocoumon concentrations and prothrombin times, whereas sulfinpyrazone did not. PMID- 7114983 TI - Two techniques to improve adherence to dietary sodium restriction in the treatment of hypertension. AB - To improve adherence to dietary sodium restriction, we validated two simple techniques for providing rapid and accurate estimated of urinary content overnight urine collections and an immediate analysis of urine sodium content. These techniques were then applied in a trial with a group of patients with hypertension who were considered to be resistant to the adoption of dietary changes. After six months, 68% of the patients on the lower-sodium diet reduced their urine sodium content by one third or more. They had an 11-mm Hg fall in mean BP compared with a 3-mm Hg rise in the control group, who were not on a lower-sodium diet, and a lesser fall in plasma potassium levels. PMID- 7114984 TI - PUlmonary embolism Low incidence in chronic renal failure. AB - The records of 2,255 autopsies performed on adults between Jan 1, 1969, and Dec 31, 1981, were reviewed for the presence of pulmonary embolism. The overall incidence was 32.3% (18.4%, microscopic; 4%, microscopic; and 9.9%, both). During this period, 95 patients with chronic renal failure (serum creatinine level, greater than 5.0 mg/dL) were identified. The incidence in this group was 9.47% (all microscopic). We conclude that pulmonary embolism is an infrequent cause of mortality in patients with chronic renal failure. PMID- 7114986 TI - Methods of improving patient compliance in chronic disease states. AB - Patients with chronic diseases fail to comply with the regimen prescribed by the physician for a variety of reasons. Physicians must be aware of the likelihood of noncompliance in the individual patient and make strong efforts to detect problems and persuade patients with the importance of adherence to a program designed to reach and maintain stated, and often negotiated, therapeutic goals. It is the physician's responsibility to teach, motivate, and strengthen the patient to maximize compliance in a largely unsupervised setting. This can best be accomplished by a process of "therapeutic partnership." PMID- 7114985 TI - Complications of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Occurrence in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis. AB - Since staphylococcus aureus bacteremia continues to be a common occurrence in patients with arteriovenous fistulas who are undergoing long-term hemodialysis, the complications and outcome of 37 episodes of bacteremia were examined. Systemic complications included pulmonary emboli, empyema, persistent bacteremia, and endocarditis. Such events were rarely life threatening--three of the 34 episodes involving patients without severe concurrent medical problems resulted in death. Local complications at the fistula site were common; however, thrombosis, hemorrhage, impending rupture, and persistent bacteremia caused loss of fistula in 13 of the 22 episodes seen with fistula inflammation. Results of this study demonstrate that, although loss of vascular access was an important problem, particularly in patients with prosthetic grafts, patients with S aureus bacteremia who were undergoing long-term hemodialysis had a favorable prognosis for survival, particularly when they were compared with other patients not undergoing hemodialysis. PMID- 7114987 TI - The heart in sickle cell anemia. AB - Sickle cell anemia is a lifelong debilitating disease often required multiple, frequent hospital admissions. Multiple organ systems become damaged, but the heart, although demonstrating abnormalities, is relatively spared. With increasing life span of these patients, cardiac dysfunction may become more prominent. Recent noninvasive and pathologic studies have given new information on the effect of this disease on the heart. This article reviews the current knowledge of cardiac involvement in sickle cell anemia. PMID- 7114988 TI - Advances in the treatment of life-threatening ventricular rhythm disturbances. PMID- 7114989 TI - Increasing murmur in a patient with cancer. PMID- 7114990 TI - Periorbital edema in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - We have seen two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (LE) and chronic periorbital edema. Periorbital edema occurs frequently in dermatomyositis, but it has rarely been noted in systemic LE. The edema may be associated with facial rash, but it is unrelated to the occurrence of nephrotic syndrome, cardiac and hepatic dysfunction, or edema elsewhere. This complication of systemic LE may be relatively refractory to corticosteroid therapy. PMID- 7114991 TI - Carcinoid tumor of the gastrointestinal tract with metastases to the brain. AB - A 56-year-old women with carcinoid tumor of the gastrointestinal tract, which was metastatic to the mesenteric lymph nodes, was seen four months after bowel resection with new neurologic findings. Results of an initial examination suggested infection with mycobacteria, or fungi, but the condition of the patient deteriorated, and she died after antituberculous and antifungal therapy was begun. She never suffered from carcinoid syndrome, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and 5-hydroxytryptamine were not detected in blood samples. A postmortem examination disclosed widespread metastases of carcinoid tumor, including invasion of the cerebral hemispheres. In this article, CNS metastasis of carcinoid tumors is discussed as well as the possibility that drug interactions may have contributed to some of the patient's neurologic findings. PMID- 7114992 TI - Coronary artery spasm with sinus node dysfunction and syncope. AB - In a 55-year-old man, attacks of spontaneous angina were associated with dizziness and syncope. Holter ECG monitoring disclosed evidence of sinus node dysfunction. Dizziness and syncope were corrected by a permanent ventricular demand pacemaker. Coronary cineangiography showed spontaneous, severe, diffuse spasm in a dominant left coronary artery and localized spasm in a nondominant right coronary artery. The patient died of pump failure shortly after cardiac catheterization. An autopsy disclosed only minimal coronary atherosclerosis. This patient's condition shows that (1) coronary spasm may cause sinus node dysfunction, dizziness, and syncope, (2) severe spasm that involves all the coronary artery branches may be fatal, and (3) severe spasm occur in minimally diseased coronary arteries confirmed by pathologic examination. PMID- 7114993 TI - Gas in the hepatic portal venous system. A diagnostic clue to an occult intra abdominal abscess. AB - Gas within the hepatic venous system on abdominal roentgenogram prompted exploratory laparotomy in a patient with repeated rigors and high fever following total hip replacement. Although the patient had no localizing abdominal symptoms or signs, an intra-abdominal abscess was found and cured by surgical drainage and antibiotics. Occult, life-threatening, but treatable abdominal disease may be detected by the unusual roentgenographic finding of portal venous gas. PMID- 7114995 TI - Osteomyelitis caused by viridans streptococci. AB - A 34-year-old man without known underlying disease was seen with osteomyelitis of the proximal shaft of the left femur. At operation, only viridans streptococci were isolated. The patient responded to a combination of intravenous penicillin G potassium and gentamicin sulfate therapy. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of osteomyelitis of a long bone produced by hematogenous seeding by viridans streptococci. PMID- 7114994 TI - Superior vena cava thrombosis and pulmonary embolus. Association with right atrial mural thrombus. AB - This is the first case report to our knowledge of superior vena cava syndrome and lethal, massive pulmonary embolus associated with a noniatrogenic right atrial mural thrombus. In situ, superior vena cava thrombosis was demonstrated by technetium Tc 99m nucleotide mediastinal flow scan and superior vena cava venography. Necropsy confirmed in situ superior vena cava thrombosis as well as trichamber mural thrombi and a massive pulmonary embolus. Intravenous streptokinase therapy for superior vena cava thrombosis was unsuccessful. PMID- 7114996 TI - Dialysis catheter-induced pericardial tamponade. PMID- 7114997 TI - Nephrotoxicity of cephalothin-aminoglycoside interactions. PMID- 7114998 TI - Transient hypereosinophilia in the infant of a mother with hypereosinophilic syndrome. PMID- 7114999 TI - Aggressive terminal phase of multiple myeloma. PMID- 7115000 TI - Staphylococcus epidermidis in CSF infections. PMID- 7115001 TI - [Regional distributions of catecholamines in dog cerebral arteries-existence of dopaminergic fibers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7115003 TI - [Clinical application of the segmental spinal evoked potentials at the cervical spinal cord--an analysis about the patients with cervical osteochondrosis- (author's transl)]. PMID- 7115002 TI - [Clinical studies on cervical osteochondrosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7115004 TI - [Clinical study on thoracic osteochondritis myelopathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7115006 TI - [Autoradiographic studies on nucleic acid synthesis of human gastric cancer cells. I. Relationship between nucleic acid synthesis of cancer cells and clinicopathological findings (author's transl)]. PMID- 7115007 TI - [Autoradiographic studies on nucleic acid synthesis of human gastric cancer cells. II. Effects of 5-fluorouracil on nucleic acid synthesis of cancer cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 7115005 TI - [Application of microfluorometry to cardiovascular surgery. I. Evaluation of the viability of myocardium by microfluorometry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7115008 TI - Aneurysm at the fenestration of basilar artery--case report. PMID- 7115010 TI - Smooth pursuit eye tracking impairment: relation to other 'markers' of schizophrenia and psychologic correlates. AB - Smooth pursuit eye tracking impairment has been observed in the major psychoses, particularly schizophrenia. To understand better the relationship of smooth pursuit disruption to personality dispositions linked to psychiatric syndromes and to two other "marker variables" associated with psychosis (low platelet monoamine oxidase [MAO] activity and poor performance on the continuous performance task [CPT]), we studied the psychologic, biochemical, and psychophysiologic correlates of impaired smooth pursuit tracking in two nonpsychiatric patient populations. One sample consisted of 67 volunteers screened for extreme values in a distribution of platelet MAO activities, and the second included 29 volunteers screened for extreme scores on the CPT. An aggregate of about 5% of both samples showed clearly dysfunctional smooth pursuit. Eye tracking dysfunction did not seem to be related to either MAO or CPT performance in either study. Both studies were consistent in showing that subjects with impaired smooth pursuit eye tracking had a psychologic profile characterized particularly by social introversion. PMID- 7115009 TI - Tricuspid atresia with polysurgery--a case report. PMID- 7115011 TI - Motoric laterality and eye dominance suggest unique pattern of cerebral organization in schizophrenia. AB - The performance of 26 young patients with early-onset schizophrenia on motoric laterality and eye dominance was compared with that of 24 psychiatric inpatients suffering from an early and diffuse brain damage, 16 nonpsychotic non-brain damaged psychiatric inpatients, and 36 university students. All subjects were in late adolescence. These schizophrenic patients showed more left-sidedness on all the laterality measures. Left eye dominance was highly prevalent in the schizophrenic group (about 75% of the subjects) and had high diagnostic usefulness. In addition, laterality measures of the schizophrenic patients were highly incongruous. Our results support the hypothesis of a specific left hemispheric dysfunction in schizophrenia that is neither shared by all psychiatric patients nor resembles a generalized insult to the brain. Although the left hemispheric dysfunction in schizophrenia is considered to be neurological, the etiological contributions of brain insults and of genetic and environmental factors are unclear. PMID- 7115012 TI - Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and tricyclic response in major depression. AB - Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity was studied in 28 endogenously depressed, hospitalized patients. Measures of HPA activity obtained were baseline serum cortisol level, 24-hour urinary free cortisol excretion, and an overnight 2 mg dexamethasone suppression test. The patients then received double-blind and randomized treatment with imipramine hydrochloride, 150 mg daily, or amitriptyline hydrochloride, 150 mg daily, for four weeks. Four-week treatment response of all patients was compared with pretreatment HPA axis variables, and higher cortisol values after dexamethasone administration were found to be significantly correlated with greater improvement. There were no significant differences between imipramine and amitriptyline response, however, when improvement with each drug was compared with the pretreatment HPA variables. PMID- 7115013 TI - Parental loss and family stability in attempted suicide. AB - Ninety-eight persons who had attempted suicide were compared wih 102 matched controls for the incidence of parental loss and family stability before the age of 25 years. Parental loss was significantly more common in the attempted suicides than in the controls, especially death of the father and divorce or separation of parents, reaching peaks during the age periods of 0 to 5 years and 17 to 20 years. The women within this group had experienced significantly more loss from parental death than did the men. Among attempted suicides, there was also a high incidence of family instability, whether or not a loss had occurred. The degree of instability, however, was significantly less among those from intact homes. Suicidal ideation was strongly correlated with family instability in both groups. PMID- 7115014 TI - Risk factors for suicide in psychiatric patients. AB - In a matched controlled study of 90 psychiatric patient suicides, I found that significantly more of the suicides suffered from chronic schizophrenia (33.3%) or recurrent affective disorder (18.8%) and had made a previous suicide attempt (46.6%). The suicides were young and significantly more were unmarried (84.5%), unemployed (66%), living alone, (55.5%) and depressed (65.5%), and 44.4% had a primary diagnosis of depressive disorder. Of the 75 outpatient suicides, 58% had seen a psychiatrist within the previous week, 61 of the 75 (81.3%) had been admitted in their last episode of contact, and 44% of these suicided within a month of discharge. PMID- 7115015 TI - Assessment of psychotherapy: reflections of a practitioner. AB - Granting both the importance and the difficulty of assessing psychotherapy, I express my dissatisfaction with the relevance of large-scale controlled trials to the realities of outpatient clinical practice. I suggest that surveys of their psychotherapeutic experience by practitioners may have, at least, complementary value. It has been my impression that psychotherapy often is an effective modality for the symptoms and turmoil associated with emotional crises. It can also be effective in improving the life quality of patients with physical defects and disablement, with problems of aging, and with schizophrenia. For personality disorders and problems of living, psychotherapy has a good deal to offer if treatment goals are reasonable. I have been less favorably impressed with the efficacy of psychotherapy for symptomatic psychoneuroses and the sexual dysfunctions. I conclude with a discussion of the puzzling unpredictability of psychotherapy. PMID- 7115017 TI - [Synthesis and pharmacological test of 2-and 3-substituted pyrano[2,3-b]indolones (author's transl)]. PMID- 7115018 TI - [Structure activity relationships in oral anticoagulants: barbituric acids and quinolones (author's transl)]. PMID- 7115016 TI - Increased brain dopamine and dopamine receptors in schizophrenia. AB - In postmortem samples of caudate nucleus and nucleus accumbens from 48 schizophrenic patients, there were significant increases in both the maximum number of binding sites (Bmax) and the apparent dissociation constant (KD) for tritiated spiperone. The increase in apparent KD probably reflects the presence of residual neuroleptic drugs, but changes in Bmax for tritiated spiperone reflect genuine changes in receptor numbers. The increases in receptors were seen only in patients in whom neuroleptic medication had been maintained until the time of death, indicating that they may be entirely iatrogenic. Dopamine measurements for a larger series of schizophrenic and control cases (n greater than 60) show significantly increased concentrations in both the nucleus accumbens and caudate nucleus. The changes in dopamine were not obviously related to neuroleptic medication and, unlike the receptor changes, were most severe in younger patients. PMID- 7115019 TI - Structure and properties of cyclic polymethylene ureas, III. Synthesis and biological activity of some Mannich bases of tetrahydro-2-(1H)-pyrimidinone. PMID- 7115021 TI - [Synthesis of 6-thiaminocycline, a thia analogue of the antibiotic minocycline (author's transl)]. PMID- 7115020 TI - [Syntheses and evaluation of the potentially oestrophilic cytostatics 2,3-epoxy 3,4-bis-(4-acetoyphenyl)-4-hexene and 2,3,4,5-bisepoxy-3,4-bis-(4 acetoxyphenyl)hexane (author's transl)]. PMID- 7115022 TI - [Fused quinolines, VII: Inhibition of blood platelet aggregation by fused quinolines carrying 2-dimethylaminopropylmercapto substituents (author's transl)]. PMID- 7115025 TI - [Synthesis and anesthetic activity of pyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazole-2,4-diones (author's transl)]. PMID- 7115023 TI - Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of new ethyl esters of N-acyl amino acids as CNS agents. PMID- 7115024 TI - [Structure- and conformation-activity relationships of heterocyclic acetylcholine analogues, XIV: Acetylcholine esterase and base-catalyzed hydrolysis of enantiomeric 3-acetoxyquinuclidines (author's transl)]. PMID- 7115026 TI - Knee moments: origin in normal ambulation and their modification by double stopped ankle-foot orthoses. AB - While the primary function of an ankle-foot orthosis is to stabilize the ankle complex, these devices often cause an unstable knee joint. The effect of a double upright ankle-foot orthosis on knee stability was evaluated during the stance phase of the walking cycle. The external moments applied to the knee in the anteroposterior plane were determined by measuring the ground reaction forces and the position of the knee with respect to these forces. Total knee moment and individual moment contributions of the fore/aft shear and vertical ground reaction forces were analyzed. Moments generated during normal ambulation were compared with those generated by an ankle-foot orthosis with an adjustable double stop. Knee moment components due to fore/aft shear and vertical ground reaction forces tended to counterbalance each other, minimizing the magnitudes of total knee moment. Fore/aft shear moment was most affected by the magnitude of the fore/aft shear force and had the major effect on total knee moment when the fore/aft shear force was peaking during the heel-strike and push-off phases. The vertical force moment was most affected by the length of the moment arm (position of knee center with respect to force) rather than magnitude of force, and had the major effect on total knee moment during midstance phase. PMID- 7115027 TI - Stroke: comparison of admissions in a community hospital. AB - A retrospective comparison was made of characteristics of stroke patients admitted to 3 distinct areas of the Union-Truesdale Hospital (renamed Charlton Memorial Hospital) in Fall River, MA. The Union Division has the option for admission to an acute care stroke unit or to the medical/surgical units. The Truesdale Division is separated by 1 mile and contains medical/surgical units. The Union Division also has a rehabilitation unit for post-acute care. The 2 divisions were separate corporations with generally separate medical staffs until a merger was effected in October, 1975. Using Professional Activity Studies (PAS) reports, a cohort of 418 patients discharged between October 1, 1975, and September 30, 1976, was developed. According to ICDA-8 coding, the 3 areas of the hospital had different profiles of patients. Outcomes in terms of types of discharges were also different between 4 categories of stroke pathology. Of 57 patients referred for rehabilitation, 43 had abrupt onset with persisting focal deficit (ICDA-8 codes 433/434/436), and 14 had less clear onset with diffuse neurologic loss (ICDA-8 codes 437/438). Of the patients referred for rehabilitation, 75% were returned home after an average of 16 acute hospital days and 23 rehabilitation hospital days. This study is on a small scale and may seem to have only local relevance, but the following estimates seem to offer a reasonable probability for planning rehabilitation facilities: approximately 25% of discharges with ICDA-8 codes of 433, 434, and 436; approximately 10% of discharges with ICDA-8 codes of 437 and 438; and approximately 2% of other stroke diagnoses. Average daily hospital charges were significantly less for patients cared for in the stroke unit. PMID- 7115029 TI - Rehabilitation program evaluation using a revised level of rehabilitation scale (LORS-II). AB - The Level of Rehabilitation Scale (LORS) was prepared to aid in meeting program evaluation needs of rehabilitation facilities. Advantages of the original LORS-I, including economy of administration, behaviorally defined levels of function, multiple points of view, and concise presentation of findings were retained. Normative information concerning improvement levels for the activities of daily living subscale was developed for cerebrovascular accident inpatients. Data showed that expected improvement varies according to functional level at admission and patient age. PMID- 7115028 TI - Familial spastic paraplegia: a clinical and electrodiagnostic evaluation. AB - Twenty members of a family with an autosomal dominant variety of a familial spastic paraplegia (FSP) underwent neurologic and electrodiagnostic examination. The degree of clinical involvement ranged from severe to none. This study investigated the presence of peroneal H reflex of Hoffmann along with other electrodiagnostic parameters in each family member and compared this with the presence of other neurologic findings. An H reflex in the peroneal nerve was found in all subjects with a definite diagnosis of FSP and in 4 of the 6 subjects with a diagnosis of probable FSP. It was not elicited in any subject with fewer than 3 neurologic signs or below the age of 25. The H reflex was found to have value as an indicator of upper motor neuron involvement when taken together with the neurologic findings, but its predictive value for individuals at risk to develop FSP has not been established. PMID- 7115030 TI - Ultrasound influence on internal fixation with a rigid plate in dogs. AB - The effect of ultrasound on the fixation of 3-hole AO plates on the femur and humerus in dogs was investigated. Four weeks postoperatively the screws were loosened by a torque (kg/cm) that averaged one-third of the inserted torque. The removal torque of screws exposed to ultrasound tended to be lower than that of unexposed screws, but the difference was not statistically significant. Thus therapy with ultrasound in clinical dosages may be used without influence on the fixation of a rigid plate. PMID- 7115031 TI - Operant conditioning for management of a noncompliant rehabilitation case after stroke. AB - An operant conditioning model was used to design and implement a multidisciplinary intervention with a 53-year-old woman who was a difficult rehabilitation client after a cerebrovascular accident. She was depressed, noncompliant in learning ADL's refused to eat, and except for physical therapy (PT), was frequently absent from therapies or unmotivated if present. In a unified program, good performances in ADL's were rewarded with small privileges, increased eating was rewarded with extra PT, and attendance and good performance in therapies were rewarded with tokens exchangeable for weekend passes. Immediately after initiation of the program, there was a dramatic increase in appropriate behaviors. PMID- 7115032 TI - Pneumatic Airleg prosthesis: report of 200 cases. AB - The pneumatic Airleg is a recently developed prosthetic system for the early mobilization of the patient with lower extremity amputation. It has been used as an alternative for the rigid plaster of paris dressing in immediately postoperative prosthetic fitting and ambulation, and has also been employed as a temporary prosthesis in the total contact weight-bearing ambulation of patients with open or ulcerated amputation stumps. The latter is illustrated by 3 case reports Advantages are ease of application and removal, availability of the amputation site for inspection, and early institution of weight-bearing ambulation with minimal discomfort. PMID- 7115033 TI - Mixing sexes on a rehabilitation unit. AB - Sixty-one former patients were interviewed regarding their reactions to sharing a hospital room with a patient of the opposite sex. Patients under 30 years of age had more favorable responses upon initial exposure than did intermediate age (30 to 49 years) or older (50 and above) patients, but a positive shift occurred in all groups. By the time of discharge, 90% of all patients reported an overall positive reaction to the experience. The use of mixed sex rooms, by fostering a noninstitutional atmosphere, may be a useful therapeutic tool. PMID- 7115034 TI - Home cervical traction: evaluation of alternate equipment. AB - Overhead intermittent cervical traction is often utilized to control the symptoms of cervical radiculopathy associated with osteoarthritis. The long-term home use of presently available counterweight systems has often presented problems including: (1) lack of patient compliance, (2) difficulty with application by elderly or debilitated patients, (3) tensing of both the cervical paraspinalis and upper extremity muscles while maneuvering the counterweights, and (4) discomfort while using the device. A prototype home pneumatic traction device was developed, which has many of the advantages of the expensive hydraulic units in common use in physical therapy departments. The initial favorable responses of 17 patients led to the development of a prototype commercial unit in cooperation with the Jobst Company. Of 36 patients who used the pneumatic traction device at home, 29 (81%) preferred it to the conventional counterweight system. Typical reasons were that it was easier to use, more "workable" and provided a steadier pull with more gradual onset of traction. Disadvantages most commonly mentioned were minor air pressure loss in the hand pump model and the complexity of the unit. The most rational approach to the use of these new pneumatic devices would be to initiate a home traction program using conventional counterweight units and then to switch to the pneumatic unit for long-term patients or those who are unable to apply conventional traction systems unassisted. PMID- 7115036 TI - Prosthetics: a profession in crisis. PMID- 7115035 TI - Ankle-knee synchronous knee lock mechanism: a revision. AB - An ankle-knee synchronous mechanism in a new endoskeletal above-knee (A-K) prosthesis has been designed and a preliminary clinical study has been conducted. A revision of the knee mechanism which is mainly focused on the basis of reducing the energy cost of the prosthetic wearer has been developed. It provides multiple position of the knee lock. It also provides anterior placement of the knee joint and a synchronous motion with the ankle joint. It enables the prosthetic wearer to minimize the effect of hip extensor contraction, to stabilize the knee, and maximize the sense of security and to balance the body over the artificial limb through the stance phase of gait. It permits the amputees to assume various body postures which enable them to perform daily activities. A new concept for alignment of A-K prosthesis is accomplished by using a weight bearing line instead of a trochanter and ankle (TKA) line, especially for the short A-K amputees. Deletion of the inertia control mechanism becomes possible by simply inserting a bumper in the knee to prevent terminal impact at swing phase and a built in coil spring acts as a knee extension aid. PMID- 7115037 TI - Bacteriuria during follow-up in patients with spinal cord injury: I. Rates of bacteriuria in various bladder-emptying methods. AB - Data from serial follow-up evaluations of 103 patients with traumatic and atraumatic myelopathy were recorded to determine rates of significant bacteriuria associated with various types of bladder emptying in an outpatient population. Urine culture specimens were obtained by sterile catheterization. Rates of urinary tract infection in bladder-retrained patients, patients using intermittent self-catheterization, and patients with indwelling catheters were compared at sequential follow-up visits. Infection rates were similar (20% to 30%) in persons with catheter-free voiding after successful bladder retraining and in those using sterile intermittent self-catheterization. In the latter group, however, there was a trend toward higher infection rates beyond 15 months after rehabilitation. As expected, persons with indwelling catheters had universally high infection rates. Generally lower infection rates were found in persons with incomplete myelopathies (18%) than in those with complete myelopathies (34%). Tetraplegic persons had 2.5 times the infection rate of paraplegic persons in the bladder-retrained group. Infection rates tended to be lower in persons with lower motor neuron bladder dysfunction than in those with upper motor neuron or mixed bladder dysfunction. PMID- 7115039 TI - Bladder retraining of paraplegic women. AB - Forty-six women with neurogenic bladder dysfunctions attempted bladder retraining. Thirty-one (67%) were successful in reducing residual urine volume to less than 150ml an incontinence to nonsignificant amounts. Success was not dependent upon age, duration of previous indwelling catheterization, type of neurogenic bladder dysfunction, previous incontinence grades, bladder capacity, peak intraurethral pressure, or use of neuroactive drug, but was inversely correlated with the number of urinary tract infections occurring during bladder retraining (p less than 0.05). PMID- 7115041 TI - Postural drainage: variability of patients' responses. AB - Assessing the benefit of postural drainage (PD) by pulmonary function (PF) tests is complicated by variable responses of patients. Examples of subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are presented to emphasize: (1) the need for knowing whether a patient is already receiving PD treatment prior to pulmonary function testing (PFT), (2) measuring PF for several days concurrently with PD, and (3) the pitfalls of conclusions reached with a single-day assessment of PF before and after PD. Patients requiring substantially higher doses of medication were also those whose PF deteriorated with PD. Serial opinions of patients as to whether PD affected their ease of breathing proved a valuable indicator of actual PF changes. However, single-day determinations may give spuriously positive results. PMID- 7115038 TI - Bacteriuria during follow-up in patients with spinal cord injury: II Efficacy of antimicrobial suppressants. AB - Data from serial follow-up evaluations of 103 patients with traumatic or atraumatic myelopathy were recorded to determine rates significant bacteriuria in groups using different antimicrobial suppressive regimens or no pharmacologic agents. Rates of urinary tract infection were compared in patient taking methenamine salts with urinary acidifiers, co-trimoxazole, or no drug. At all follow-up period rates of infection were consistently lower in the groups taking methenamine and co-trimoxazole than in the group not taking a drug, the group taking co-trimoxazole having the lowest rates. These results suggest that the long-term use of antimicrobial suppressants can help reduce rates of urinary tract infection in bladder-retrained patients and in patients emptying by intermittent self-catheterization. PMID- 7115040 TI - Catecholamine metabolites in spinal cord injury. AB - Previous reports of catecholamine metabolism in spinal cord injury (SCI) have found elevated levels of urinary norepinephrine metabolites. These data have been cited as evidence of a sustained increase in peripheral norepinephrine activity in this population. A study was designed to test this hypothesis and to control for the effect of affective disorders on catecholamine metabolism. Determinations were made of the level of urinary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylglycol (MHPG) and vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) in 30 patients with SCI. Urinary MHPG and VMA were not significantly higher than normal in the total sample. However, in spastic quadriplegia, urinary MHPG was lower than normal, and a calculated VMA:MHPG ratio was higher than normal in complete quadriplegia and spastic quadriplegia. This high ratio was due primarily to decreased MHPG. The authors suggest that these changes are due to decreased norepinephrine turnover in the damaged SC and that a VMA:MHPG ratio is the most useful measure of norepinephrine activity in SCI. PMID- 7115042 TI - Electrical stimulation effect on denervated skeletal myofibers in rats: a light and electron microscopic study. AB - The purpose of the present study was to determine morphologically the effect of electrical stimulation on denervated rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. Fifteen adult male rats were divided in to 3 groups: control, denervated nonstimulated, and denervated-stimulated. Electrical stimulation treatment (1 hr/day for 24 days) began 4 days postsurgery. All animals were sacrificed 28 days after surgery; the EDL muscle was fixed in situ, removed, and processed for light and electron microscopic examination. Fibers from sections taken from the middle third of the muscle were differentiated into types I and II; fiber diameters were obtained and compared for each experimental group. Although both types atrophied following denervation, type I atrophied to a lesser extent than type II. Electrical stimulation was beneficial in retarding denervation atrophy for both types. Membrane-glycogen complexes were found on electron microscopy to be in high proportion in type II stimulated fibers but were observed infrequently in denervated nonstimulated muscles and were not apparent in control muscles. These glycogen arrays may be expressions of sarcoplasmic reticulum anabolic functions, indicating a high degree of regenerative metabolic activity in treated fibers. This study indicates that electrical stimulation as a method to induce muscle activity, can retard denervation atrophy. PMID- 7115043 TI - Leg muscle performance of athletes with and without knee support braces. AB - The effects of wearing and not wearing prescribed knee support braces on leg muscle performance were studied in 7 male athletes. Mean maximal torque outputs during isokinetic knee extension contractions with braces were significantly lower 12 to 30% compared to corresponding values without knee braces. Differences between the 2 conditions were more prominent during faster contractions. Maximal velocity measured during unloaded knee extension was 20% higher when subjects did not wear their braces. In addition, vertical velocity during a short all-out stair run was slower (p less than 0.01) with braces. At the conclusion of a 15 minute ride on a bicycle ergometer at a fixed load, lactate concentration was 41% higher in blood of subjects who wore knee braces. These data demonstrate that potential benefits of support braces for knee instability come at the expense of impaired performance. PMID- 7115044 TI - Head injury rehabilitation: benefit of early intervention. AB - Severely head injured patients in an acute rehabilitation setting were retrospectively divided into early and late rehabilitation admission groups (admitted before and after 35 days post injury). The 2 groups consisted of 16 and 20 patients respectively and were matched for length of coma, age, level of disability, neurosurgical procedures required, and other factors which might bias results due to less morbidity in the early admission group. Findings indicated that late admission patients required twice as much acute rehabilitation as early admission patients, even though both groups were comparable in initial disability and at outcome 2 years post-injury. Study findings implied potential cost savings of an average $40,000 per patient for acute hospital care. These benefits may be due to improved neurologic outcome or prevention of secondary complications. PMID- 7115045 TI - Hand function in osteoarthritis. AB - The effect of osteoarthritis (OA) on hand function of 67 institutionalized subjects was evaluated. Osteoarthritis changes were scored using the radiographic criteria of Kellgren and Lawrence. The total number of joints involved and average severity of affected joints were computed and then related to hand functions as measured by: (1) grip strength, and (2) mean times in completing maneuvers of Jebsen's test for hand function. Grip strength was significantly less in those with OA than in those without OA. Performance on the Jebsen maneuvers was less consistent. Compared with published normal values, mean times for the whole sample were longer. However, mean times between those with and without OA were not significantly different. A multiple regression of the effects of average severity rather than number of involved joints that accounts for the greater proportion of variance in the dominant hand. While OA of the hands is positively correlated with reduced function, the resulting disability appears to be relatively benign. PMID- 7115046 TI - Phantom urinary symptoms in hemodialysis patients. AB - Phantom urinary symptoms were reported by 12 or 24 hemodialysis patients surveyed. The symptoms were present in all age groups. The absence of any correlation between the occurrence of these symptoms and length of time and dialysis suggest that urinary phantoms in hemodialysis patients may persist over time in contrast to the gradual disappearance of phantoms symptoms resulting from amputation. No correlation was found between occurrence of phantom symptoms and sexual impairment, actual voiding of urine or symptoms of peripheral neuropathy. PMID- 7115047 TI - Accessory nerve palsy: an uncommon etiology. AB - Accessory nerve palsy due to surgery in the anterior triangle of the neck is uncommon. Two such cases 1, after a carotid endarterectomy and the other after rhytidectomy, are described here. Both cases were treated with analgesics and physical therapy. Followup evaluation after 1 year revealed complete clinical and electrophysiologic recovery in only the first case. Recognizing accessory nerve palsy after surgical procedures in the necks is emphasized as important for proper management. An attempt is made to explain the reason for lack of improvement in the second case. PMID- 7115048 TI - Reducing back displacement in the powered reclining wheelchair. AB - The powered reclining wheelchair used by quadriplegic and other severely disabled people was studied to determine how the chair could be modified so that repeated recline would not produce shear forces that tend to cause the user to be relocated in the chair, limiting independent functioning. Three modifications of the chair were studied: a freely sliding back, a commercially available powered sliding seat, and 4-bar linkage to hinge the chair back. A counterbalanced, freely sliding back was constructed for testing and was instrumented to measure displacement of the person in the chair during recline. The curves of back displacement vs angle or recline were determined for a sample or 8 quadriplegic subjects. The sliding back mechanism was determined to be impractical for incorporation into current chair designs since it required a heavy, rigid back frame. The sliding seat was found to have limited value since it only slightly decreased the back motion during recline. However, the 4-bar linkage virtually eliminated relative motion between the person's back and the chair back, providing a mechanism for potentially resolving this problem both in new recliner design and for retrofit to existing reclining wheelchairs. PMID- 7115049 TI - Brachial plexus injury management. PMID- 7115050 TI - [Relevant predictors of the 5 year outcome of patients with schizophrenic or similar paranoid psychoses (author's transl)]. AB - In a 5 year follow-up study of 81 patients suffering from schizophrenic or similar psychoses many of the predictors known from the literature concerning the outcome of schizophrenia were confirmed. In accordance with the results of the follow-up study on patients from the International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia (IPSS), long lasting professional disintegration and psychiatric hospitalisation preceding index-admission were of special prognostic importance. However in contrast to this follow-up study, other psychopathological data, especially minus symptoms proved to be of considerable prognostic significance. As a result of stepwise multiple regression analyses, combinations of the 5 best characteristics for each outcome-criterion have been found which explain a significantly greater part of the variance than single characteristics. PMID- 7115051 TI - Trail Making Test and visual search. AB - The performance in the Trail Making Test (Form A) was correlated with a variety of verbal and nonverbal tests in 5 groups of patients: Broca's aphasics (N = 18), Wernicke's aphasics (N = 19) and nonaphasic patients with right hemisphere (N = 20), left hemisphere (N = 17) or diffuse (N = 18) lesions. Correlations with the Trail Making Test were found for two tests, both requiring visual search. The "Objects Finding Test" in which the target varies from item to item showed high correlations for all groups of patients. The "Hidden Patterns Test", in which the target is kept constant, correlated only on the groups of nonaphasic patients. It is concluded (1) that visual search, as tested here, is not restricted to lateralized cortical functions, and (2) that the performance in the Trail Making Test depends largely upon processes involved in visual search of varying targets. PMID- 7115053 TI - CNS cysticercosis--a problem of differential diagnosis. AB - Although a well-known disease worldwide, cerebral cysticercosis in European countries is a rare event. Due to increased travel to East-Asian and Latin American countries it is possible that the occurrence of brain cysticercosis will become more frequent. These facts should remind us of the possibility of cysticercosis of the nervous system. A case of cerebral and spinal cord cysticercosis is presented, causing symptoms of progressive dementia with ventricular occlusion and hydrocephalus. Differential diagnosis causes a major problem. It is shown that myelography may demonstrate characteristic features of the disease. PMID- 7115052 TI - Perceptual discrimination of vowels in aphasia. AB - In the present study 3 hypotheses were investigated: first, the notion that an aphasic impairment of vowel perception is not associated with particular aphasic syndromes or lesion sites, second, that it is a disorder comparable to a general impairment of perception in a normal speaker caused by some form of interference, and third, that perceptual phonemic discrimination is a separate process from the phonemic discriminative function necessary for speech production. The hypotheses were tested by means of a vowel discrimination test administered to 50 German speaking aphasic patients (roughly equally divided between Broca's, mixed non fluent, Wernicke's and mixed fluent groups); the same test, masked by white noise at -10 dB was also administered to 20 normal native speakers of German. Results were in support of all 3 hypotheses. First, aphasic patients' error patterns were similar across fluent and nonfluent groups and for all lesion sites. Second, the error distributions of aphasics with slight auditory impairment resembled those of normal subjects in the -10 dB white noise condition, while distributions of aphasics with severe auditory impairment were indicative of an added component of guessing behaviour. And third, the patients' performance on the discrimination task differed from that shown on a comparable repetition test. (It was argued that repetition involves a patient's expressive capacity in addition to his perceptual capacity). The differentiation of perceptual and expressive phonemic discrimination was further supported by an analysis of the speech errors occurring in the spontaneous (purely expressive) speech and in the repetition (expressive plus perceptual) tasks of 16 French Canadian and 5 English Canadian aphasics. PMID- 7115054 TI - [The recovery after delirium tremens investigated by psychological testing (author's transl)]. AB - Following admission with delirium tremens to the University of Wurzburg mental hospital, 83 alcoholics were investigated on their fourth day and their fourth week after finishing therapy for the delirium. They were investigated by psychological tests for achievement, resulting in 13 variables, and by a personality inventory. Of the 13 variables of achievement 4 increased significantly from the first investigation to the second, one was for verbal thinking, another was for numerical thinking, and finally they were two tests for attention. The personality inventory scores showed 3 significant changes indicating a clinical improvement: "nervousness", "depression", and "inhibition". For 7 variables of achievement the patients scored significantly below the normal average score, these were the 2 numerical tests, all variables of the memory tests, the verbal test, and 1 variable of the attention test. Except for the last test the average scores remained significantly below the normal average at the second investigation. The results of 5 scales of the personality inventory were significantly different to the norm in the first investigation; there were no differences on the second date. PMID- 7115055 TI - The serological diagnosis of leptospirosis in domestic animals by the macroscopic agglutination test with Patoc antigen. PMID- 7115057 TI - Note on the Aedes species of mosquitoes recorded in Romania. PMID- 7115058 TI - Suppression of lymphocyte function after aortic reconstruction. Use of nonimmunosuppressive anesthesia. AB - Serial estimations of lymphocyte responses to antigens and mitogens and in mixed lymphocyte culture in 13 major vascular surgical patients were carried out before and after operation, which was performed using anesthetic agents that have been shown not to depress lymphocyte function. All responses were significantly depressed up to five to eight days, and some up to nine to 11 days. Such depression, attributable to surgical trauma, may underline the vulnerability to infection of these patients who are having prostheses inserted. PMID- 7115056 TI - The macroscopic agglutination reaction with Leptospira biflexa antigens used as a screening test for the human leptospirosis. PMID- 7115059 TI - Conservative treatment of axillary adenopathy due to probable subclinical breast cancer. AB - Eleven female patients were treated conservatively by radical radiotherapy to the breast and ipsilateral lymphatics for metastatic adenocarcinoma in an axillary lymph node without clinical or mammographic evidence of a breast cancer. Ten of 11, four of five, and three of four were alive and free of disease 5, 10, and 15 years later, respectively. Of the 11 patients who were followed up for a minimum of five years, three (27%) had local recurrences: one at six, one at 11, and one at 14 years. The latter two recurrences were salvaged by secondary mastectomy. The cosmetic results were excellent and no serious irradiation complications were observed. Mastectomy may not be needed for patients with axillary adenopathy due to a probable subclinical breast cancer, since the long-term prognosis after radiotherapy is good and salvage surgery can be performed if recurrences develop. PMID- 7115061 TI - Radioisotope spleen scan in patients with splenic injury. AB - The technetium Tc 99m sulfur colloid liver-spleen scan is a valuable aid in diagnosis and treatment of patients with splenic injury. After reviewing the charts of 47 patients who were ill as a result of splenic trauma, we came to the following conclusions: (1) the scan identified the injury, accurately mapped its extent, and indicated the presence or absence of associated liver injuries; (2) the scans were useful in following the extent and rate of healing of the splenic injury; (3) the scan is an indirect measurement of of return of splenic fuction; (4) the procedure can be performed in a reasonable time frame with no serious morbidity; and (5) the indications, contraindications, and timing of scans are now reasonably well established. PMID- 7115062 TI - Immediate and long-term outcome of acute arterial occlusion of the extremities. The effect of added vascular reconstruction. AB - Patients with acute arterial occlusion in immediate danger of limb loss, are frequently high-risk surgical candidates, yet a simple balloon thromboembolectomy often does not suffice for limb salvage. With this in mind, we studied 61 male patients with acute arterial occlusions to assess the effects of added vascular procedures at the time of initial thromboembolectomy. Forty-three patients had only thromboembolectomy, but 18 required additional vascular reconstructive procedures. Immediate limb salvage (83.3%) and long-term limb salvage (67%) in these 18 patients, who had no operative deaths, were similar to those of the other 43 patients. Surgical therapy including needed additional vascular reconstruction of acute arterial occlusions results in not only satisfactory short-term but also good long-term functional outcome. PMID- 7115063 TI - Rifampin and cefazolin as prophylactic agents. A comparison in an animal model of vascular graft infection. AB - We investigated rifampin and cefazolin sodium as prophylactic agents in a dog model of vascular graft infection. A 1-cm segment of 3-mm-diameter polytetrafluoroethylene (Gore-tex) graft was sewn into the right carotid artery of each dog, and prior to closure, 10(3) Staphylococcus organisms sensitive to both cefazolin and rifampin were injected over the graft. The dogs were killed five days after surgery and the grafts cultured. Infection occurred in 100% of controls, 58% of cefazolin-pretreated dogs, and 17% of rifampin-pretreated dogs. Mean blood levels of antibiotics were assayed as follows: cefazolin, 50.1 micrograms/mL; rifampin, 2.9 micrograms/mL. Both were well above the minimal inhibitory concentration. Thus, rifampin proved to be more effective than cefazolin in this animal model. PMID- 7115060 TI - Treatment of adrenal carcinomas. AB - Twenty-three patients with adrenal carcinoma were treated between 1953 and 1981. Six patients underwent resection of the primary tumor and/or local radiation therapy but received no chemotherapy. Their mean survival (+/- SD) was 10.3 +/- 8.7 months. In contrast, 17 patients who were treated with mitotane had a mean survival of 46.6 +/- 42.7 months. Response to therapy depended on when in the course of the disease chemotherapy was instituted, and on the combination of surgical excision and drug treatment of recurrent disease. Longest survival was observed in patients who received mitotane as adjuvant therapy before clinical evidence of metastases was noted and in those who were treated with mitotane and underwent subsequent surgery for recurrent tumor. Mean survival for this group was significantly longer, 74 +/- 33 months, than for the other patients. Patients treated in this series received low-dose long-term therapy. Adverse effects of mitotane were found to be dose dependent. PMID- 7115064 TI - Kinetics and fate of indium 111 oxine-labeled platelets in patients with aortic aneurysms. AB - The survival and sites of sequestration of indium 111 oxine-labeled autologous platelets were studied quantitatively in six patients with aortic aneurysms. The in vivo distribution was quantitated daily with a scintillation camera and a computer-assisted imaging system. Data of platelet survival curves were fitted to a gamma function model. Mean platelet survival was shortened and the disappearance curves were exponential in all but two patients who had normal platelet survival. Platelet radioactivity in the aneurysm was 5.1 +/- 3% of whole body radioactivity at the end of platelet survival. Platelet were sequestered in the spleen, liver, and bone marrow. Accumulation of platelets, presumably due to microembolization, was prominent in the lower limbs. This indicates that although platelets were deposited in the aneurysm, many are damaged and are eventually sequestered in the reticuloendothelial system. PMID- 7115065 TI - The totally occluded internal carotid artery. Preliminary observations using rapid sequential computerized tomographic scanning. AB - Cerebral angiography often cannot distinguish between complete thrombosis or fibrosis of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and nonvisualization due to a total occlusion of the common carotid or origin of the ICA. Whereas surgery may be beneficial if the distal carotid is patent (type 1), thromboendarterectomy may be contraindicated if thrombus or fibrosis extend to the intracranial branches (type 2). Rapid sequential computerized tomography (RSCT) was used to examine 15 patients whose ICAs appeared occluded by angiography. Of four ICAs classed as type 1 by RSCT, three were found to be patent during surgical exploration, and carotid reconstruction was successfully performed. Three other ICAs classed as type 2 by RSCT were also surgically explored, and complete thrombosis was confirmed. The RSCT technique provides an effective and nonoperative means of determining whether a nonvisualized ICA is reconstructible. PMID- 7115066 TI - Application of "management by objectives' to a surgical residency. PMID- 7115067 TI - Deep venous thrombophlebitis following aortoiliac reconstructive surgery. AB - One hundred patients undergoing elective aortic surgery were scanned prospectively for development of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). The incidence of DVT in this population was 13%. Eleven patients showed only calf vein thrombosis on venography, whereas two had occlusive iliofemoral thrombus. The correlation between venous Doppler ultrasound and venography was 80%. More importantly, Doppler examination correctly identified both patients with occlusive thrombus. Fibrinogen scanning was associated with a false-positive rate of 31%. Only one patient suffered a nonfatal pulmonary embolus. Fibrinogen scanning has an unacceptably high false-positive rate; however, Doppler ultrasound will identify significant occlusive thrombus without a high false-positive rate. The low incidence of pulmonary emboli does not warrant such definitive measures as prophylactic vena caval interruption. PMID- 7115068 TI - Lethal complications associated with nonrestrictive treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms. AB - Five high-risk patients received nonresective treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). This treatment included ligation of the iliac arteries to induce acute thrombosis of AAA and a simultaneous axillobifemoral bypass for restoration of arterial flow to the lower extremities. Of these five patients, lethal complications associated with this procedure developed in four. The complications included rupture, infection of the thrombotic aortic aneurysm, visceral ischemia, and consumptive coagulopathy. This high incidence of lethal complications and the unacceptably high patient mortality in these five patients indicates extreme precaution in the application of nonresective treatment for AAA. PMID- 7115069 TI - Prophylactic carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic bruit. A look at cardiac risk. AB - We assessed the influence of preoperative cardiac risk factors in 57 patients undergoing 70 prophylactic carotid endarterectomies (PCE) and found that: (1) 47 (83%) had at least one cardiac risk factor and (2) nine of 15 deaths occurring in the late follow-up period (40 to 120 months) were due to cardiac causes. Perioperatively, one patient sustained a mild stroke. Although the cumulative stroke-free occurrence rate was kept to less than 6% over the five-year period, cardiac morbidity and mortality greatly influenced the quality of life after PCE. Therefore, PCE is suggested only for patients who have minimal preoperative cardiac risk factors or for those patients whose cardiac risk factors can be improved by medical therapy. PMID- 7115070 TI - Peritoneovenous shunt for hydrothorax associated with ascites. AB - Two patients with massive hydrothorax associated with ascites resistant to intensive long-term medical management were treated by insertion of a peritoneovenous (LeVeen) shunt. In each case the effusion was resolved within one month after insertion. With one revision each, the two shunts have remained clear for nine and 18 months. The peritoneovenous shunt is an alternative to medical therapy for large effusions. Its effectiveness in resolving them supports the idea that diaphragmatic defects help cause their formation. PMID- 7115071 TI - Abdominal aneurysmectomy following previous peritonitis. AB - Repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms in two patients (one emergency and one elective) several months after a bout of peritonitis resulted in graft sepsis. Bacteria cultured from the episodes of peritonitis and from graft sepsis were identical. Repair in elective cases should probably be postponed for at least one year. In urgent or emergency cases, especially when any contamination is encountered, ligation of the aorta and extra-anatomic bypass grafts should be performed. PMID- 7115072 TI - Regeneration of rectal mucosa and recurrent polyposis coli after total colectomy and ileoanal anastomosis. AB - Two patients with adenomatous polyposis of the colon who had been treated by colectomy, stripping of rectal mucosa, transrectal pull-through of terminal ileum, and ileoanal anastomosis were found--after seven and three years--to have recurrent polyposis in the rectal segment, consequent to regeneration of the rectal mucosa. The latter might have resulted form retraction of the implanted ileum or sloughing of its mucosa, followed by upward growth of epithelium from the strip of anal mucosa retained above the dentate line at the time of surgery. Colonic metaplasia of the implanted ileal mucosa may be an alternative explanation. In all patients who have had this operation for polyposis coli, the rectal segment should be reexamined by endoscopy and biopsy to rule out recurrent polyposis or replacement of ileal mucosa by colorectal mucosa. PMID- 7115073 TI - Fibromuscular dysplasia of the right subclavian artery. PMID- 7115074 TI - Reconstruction after the Tikhoff-Linberg procedure. AB - The Tinhoff-Linberg operation is a limb salvage technique that permits intercapulothoracic resection of malignant neoplasms of the shoulder with preservation of neuromuscular function of the upper extremity. A metallic interpositional device can be used to fix the humerus to the second rib, thus increasing stability and function. This device was used in a patient with a proximal humeral osteosarcoma who was also treated with radiation and chemotherapy and who has reasonably good extremity functional and is free of tumor at one year postoperatively. PMID- 7115075 TI - Triangular venous valvuloplasty. A new procedure for correction of venous incompetence. PMID- 7115076 TI - [Oral and intramuscular ferridextran intervention in growing male calves. 1. Hematologic reactions]. AB - 195 calves were at random divided into 3 test groups and received oral (200 mg Fe/d) or intramuscular (1.0 and 1.5 g Fe on the 3rd and 36th day of the period of fluid feeding) applications of ferridextrane or no additional quotas of iron (control group) and a limited supply of milk replacer and skim milk as well as ad libitum supply with concentrated feed and dried green fodder during their 56-day period in the range of the rearing farm where the calves receive fluid feed. Iron intervention was carried out without considering the individual iron content of tissue. Its effect was evaluated according to the hemoglobin content (Hb), the hematocrit (Hc) and the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in venous puncture blood. There was no difference between the test groups as to the stabling conditions (affiliation to race and genotype, birth weight, age and live weight resp. at the beginning of the experiment, live weight gain before the beginning of the experiment). In the control group Hb, Hc and MCHC were analogous to previous epidemiologic investigations concerning the anaemia of calves. The ferridextrane interventions carried out resulted in a raised level of Hb and Hc and diminished anaemia frequency as well as the shortened duration of anaemia in this rearing period. PMID- 7115077 TI - [Composition and food value of the flat pea (Lathyrus sylvestris L.)]. AB - Flat pea (Lathyrus sylvestris L.) is suitable as 'pioneer plant' for the recultivation of slag heaps and mining areas for agricultural production. Flat pea contains between 20 and 30% crude protein in the dry matter and is richer in protein than other feed legumes. It is comparable to foxtail clover and lucerne as regards the content of amino acids (g/16 g N) and minerals. The digestibility of the crude nutrients of various dried products of flat pea was ascertained in seven experiments with five rams. The digestibility of the organic matter of the hay (before budding) was 66.2%, energy concentration 526 EFU/kg DM; 55% and 410 EFU/kg DM were ascertained for seed straw. The protein digestibility for hay and dried green fodder varied between 72.3 and 75.8%. Since there have been no reports lathyrogenous substances in the vegetative parts of flat pea, its use as green fodder or dried green fodder for feeding sheep, cattle or wild ruminants is possible. PMID- 7115078 TI - Phthalate esters I: Effects on cytochrome P-450 mediated metabolism in rat liver and lung, serum enzymatic activities and serum protein levels. AB - Dimethylphthalate (DMP), dibutylphthalate (DBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) were given i.p. (3.8 mM/kg) to Sprague Dawley rats for 5 days. DBP increased significantly the liver concentration of cytochrome P-450, but decreased the lung concentration by about 40%. DBP decreased the lung concentration of cytochrome b5 and NADPH-cytochrome-c-reductase activity by about 30%. Only minor effects were seen after treatment with DMP and DEHP. The direction of B(a)P metabolism was changed and the formation of 2- and 3-hexanol metabolites were increased in liver microsomes after DBP treatment. All phthalate esters decreased the lung metabolism of B(a)P. The cytochrome P-450 enzyme system in the lung was ten times more effective than that in the liver as far as metabolism of n-hexane was concerned. Only minor effects were observed in serum enzyme activities, but a significant decrease in the serum level of albumin was observed after treatment with DBP. No relationship was found between the carbon chain length of the investigated chemicals and effects on microsomal enzymatic activities. PMID- 7115079 TI - Regional alterations of brain catecholamines by lead ingestion in adult rats. Influence of dietary calcium. AB - The alterations in steady-state dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) content of hypothalamus-median eminence (HME) and striatum (STR) were measured in adult female rats fed normal calcium (1.2%) or low calcium (0.005%) diets for 4 weeks and exposed to lead via drinking water containing lead acetate (0.032, 0.32, and 3.2 mg Pb/ml) for the last 3 weeks of a 4-week diet period. Control lead-free groups of both dietary regimens received equimolar acetate as sodium acetate. The eight groups (six rats/group) were divided equally between the two diet regimens. Three weeks treatment with lead significantly reduced DA and NE in HME but DA only in STR (0.32 and 3.2 mg Pb/ml) of both dietary groups. Low dietary calcium alone reduced DA and NE in HME. In contrast with the HME low calcium diet alone had no significant effect on DA and NE in STR. No additive effect of low calcium diet and lead ingestion in catecholamine reduction was found in the brain parts studied. PMID- 7115081 TI - Anemia and porphyria caused by N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide (MBA) in mice and rats. AB - The effects of N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide (MBA), a cross-linking agent, on blood and bone marrow after repeated oral doses, were studied in mice and rats. Body weight, three major elements of the blood - erythrocytes, leucocytes and platelets -, reticulocytes and bone marrow cells, were all reduced in either or both animals, especially in mice. Phenobarbital (PB) treatment did not greatly modify the effects of MBA in mice. An increase in free erythrocyte porphyrins and a decrease in ALA-D activity were observed in both animals. Urinary porphyrins were elevated in rats after MBA-dosing. PB-treatment did not significantly affect the elevation of porphyrins. After cessation of the MBA-dosing, all these changes were inclined to be restored to normal levels. Amounts of liver total porphyrins and microsomal P-450, and red cell fragility were within normal ranges in mice. PMID- 7115082 TI - A model for the induction of moderate levels of methaemoglobinaemia in man using 4-dimethylaminophenol. AB - The induction of moderate levels of methaemoglobin by 4-dimethylaminophenol (DMAP) was studied in human and dog blood in vitro and in dogs in vivo. Although the rate of formation of methaemoglobin following intravenous injection into dogs was similar to that following addition of DMAP to dog blood in vitro, in the latter case levels fell more slowly. Addition of DMAP at the same concentrations in vitro resulted in more rapid oxidation of haemoglobin and higher peak levels of methaemoglobin in dog blood than in human blood. It was concluded that the rate of formation of methaemoglobin as well as the activity of methaemoglobin reductase must be considered when extrapolating data from the dog to man. PMID- 7115080 TI - Chelation in metal intoxication. XII. Antidotal efficacy of chelating agents on acute toxicity of manganese. AB - Several structurally different metal chelating agents were screened for their relative efficacy in counteracting acute manganese intoxication in mice. Polyaminocarboxylic acids with nitrogen and oxygen as metal binding sites were more effective than certain sulfhydryl chelating agents and common drugs in preventing mortality due to a lethal dose of manganese chloride. However, a few common drugs which could be used in high dosage or for longer duration in manganese intoxication without serious side effects, appear promising. PMID- 7115083 TI - Acute oral toxicity of 4-dimethylaminophenol to the gastrointestinal tract, liver and kidney of the rat. AB - Single oral doses up to 25 mg/kg body weight of methaemoglobin-inducing cyanide antidote, 4-dimethylaminophenol (DMAP) did not result in any gross or histological abnormality in the gastrointestinal tract, liver and kidneys of rats killed up to 24 h after the dose. In animals kept for 7 days after the dose to abnormality was observed in the organs examined or in blood samples taken during the course of the experiment. PMID- 7115084 TI - Mercury oxidation in vitro by ferric compounds. AB - Among the ferric compounds studied, cytochrome C, methemoglobin, lactoperoxidase, ferritin and ferric ion, in addition to catalase, had the ability to oxidize metallic mercury in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. On the other hand, hematin, the active center of catalase, did not oxidize metallic mercury. The results are consistent with the increased oxidation and uptake of mercury in the liver by acatalasemia mice. PMID- 7115085 TI - Grants for training and research in toxicology. PMID- 7115086 TI - Transmissibility of influenza viruses in hamsters. AB - The growth characteristics of a series of influenza A viruses in the turbinates and lungs of hamsters was measured: in addition, the susceptibility of hamsters to infection by these viruses was also determined. These two criteria were used to give estimates of the growth potential of influenza viruses in hamsters, and the results were related to the incidence of transmission of virus from inoculated hamsters to cage-contacts. The results showed that strains of influenza virus reported as virulent for man tended to grow to higher titres in hamster nasal washings and lungs; were more infective for hamsters when inoculated by the intranasal route; and showed a high incidence of spread to cage contacts. The methods could provide valuable measurements of virus attenuation and transmissibility for man, and the further exploitation of these techniques could facilitate the production and licensing of live, attenuated influenza virus vaccines. PMID- 7115087 TI - [Estimation of specific IgE and IgG antibodies to egg white, ovalbumin and ovomucoid in hen's egg allergy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7115088 TI - [Prince Melon allergy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7115089 TI - [Effect of Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton on cultured spontaneous cell medicated cytotoxicity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7115090 TI - [Electron microscopic study of mast cells in allergic nasal interepithelial space and lamina propria--before and after provocation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7115091 TI - [Experimental study of specific hyposensitization (author's transl)]. PMID- 7115092 TI - [On the role of cell-mediated immunity in experimental nephritis of mice arising from streptococcal infection (author's transl)]. PMID- 7115093 TI - [Prognosis of bronchial asthma--a follow up study of university freshman with asthmatic history (author's transl)]. PMID- 7115095 TI - [Hypersensitivity to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in librarians]. PMID- 7115094 TI - [Determination of sulfur dioxide using the acidimetric method in the presence of ammonia]. PMID- 7115096 TI - [Alcoholic intoxication in children]. PMID- 7115098 TI - [Neurologic and psychiatric disorders in acute poisoning by drugs and other chemical materials]. PMID- 7115097 TI - [Vibration disease in metal grinders and a case report]. PMID- 7115099 TI - [Projections of the thalamic dorsomedial nucleus onto the prefrontal area of the cortex in Hamadryas baboons]. AB - In 6 monkeys (Papio hamadryas) by means of the retrograde degeneration method projections of the thalamic dorsomedial nnucleus on field 9, 10 and 47 in the prefrontal cortical area have been studied. Morphological investigation of the frontal cerebral sections stained after Nissl has demonstrated that multiform part of the thalamic dorsomedial nucleus makes projections towards field 9. The frontal superior sector of the parvocellular part of the dorsomedial ucleus is projected on field 10, and the frontal inferior sector of the parvocellular part of the dorsomedial nucleus--on field 47. PMID- 7115100 TI - [Volumetric neuronal density of the different hypothalamic nuclei and fields in the normal rat]. PMID- 7115101 TI - [Changes in the neurons of the spinal cord and spinal ganglia in hypokinesia (a neuromorphological and histochemical study)]. AB - On 62 white male rats at hypokinesia lasting for 7-60 days, motoneurons and neural cells of the lumbar sensitive ganglia have been studied at the level of L2 -L4. Certain changes in the spinal ganglia have been neurohistologically revealed beginning from the 30th day of the experiment. In most of the neurons, mainly in large ones, phenomena of central chromatolysis are observed. In one-third of the cells, nuclear hyperchromatosis of various intensity is noted. As the experiment proceeds, the changes acquire a well developed character. In the spinal motoneurons, on the 30th-45th day of the experiment, peripheral chromatolysis, moderate nuclear hyperchromatosis nuclear hypertrophy are detected. Satellite neuroglia is increased according to the "Umklammerying" phenomenon. Cytophotometric investigation of SDG, NAD-D and AF demonstrates certain discoordination in their activity. On the 7th day, SDG and NAD-D activity in the spinal ganglia increases. Beginning from the 30th day, SDG and NAD-D activity in the objects studied decreases, while that of LDG and AF increases. Hypoxia is suggested to be the cause of the disorders observed. A supposition is made that the high AF activity could result in the disturbed activity of the enzymes localizing in mitochondria. PMID- 7115102 TI - [Ultrastructure of the neural plexus of the wall of the anterior mesenteric artery in hens]. AB - As it has been demonstrated in 10-day-old chickens by means of light and electron microscopy, the wall of the anterior mesenteric artery in hens has two well defined smooth muscle layers: longitudinal and circular. The innervation apparatus of this vessel wall consists of 3 plexuses (adventitial, muscular external and internal) which are parts of a single complex vascular plexus. All the neural fibres of this plexus are supposed to be adrenergic. PMID- 7115103 TI - [Quantitative analysis of the development and age-related anatomy of the inferior vena cava in human ontogeny]. AB - Periods of intensive changes and phases of a relative stabilization are observed in the inferior vena cava development. By the 4th month of the prenatal period of ontogenesis the inferior vena cava is completely formed and further its general plan of development has no any principle differences. In fetuses and children there is an essential increase of the lumen, length and angle in the inferior vena cava formation. An intensive growth of the transversal section area of the inferior vena cava initial portion in infants is connected with transition to vertical position and an increasing hydrodynamic loading in the mentineed portio of the inferior vena cava. In fetuses, newborns and children up to 12 years of age the inferior vena cava has a high level of formation, that corresponds to position of III--IV lumbar vertebrae. A statistically significant increase in the inferior vena cava parameters is noted in the adolescent period, which result from a general intensive development of the human organism ad its vascular system, in particular. At this age the level of the inferior vena cava formation descends up to the area of the IV--V lumbar vertebrae. Intensive changes in the inferior vena cava size is completed by the end sexual maturation. In the first and second mature ages a phase of a relative stabilization in the inferior vena cava development is noted. In elderly and old ages certain vasodilatation and elongation of the inferior vena cava is observed. Its formation area descends to the level of V lumbar -- I sacral vertebrae. Correlative analysis has proved the main stages in the development of the vessel studied, and the regression equations obtained can be used as an additional method for defining age of the corpse when a forensic medical examination is performed. PMID- 7115104 TI - [Reaction of the wall of veins of the extremities to a disturbance of venous outflow]. AB - By means of light and electron microscopy the dynamics of certain morphological changes occurring in veins of the rabbit and rat pelvic extremities have been studied at various time intervals of venous congestion produces by ligation of the posterior vena cava. At early postoperative stages, certain lesions of the venous endothelium appear, which are manifested as an increased permiability of the endothelial cells, thickening of the borders (silver impregnated) between endotheliocytes, interaction with blood cells, exfoliation from the basal membrane and an increased pinocytic activity. Later on, focal thickenings of the internal intima appear, at first, at the expense of blood leukocyte migration into the subendothelial layer, then atypical smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts appear there. In 1-2 months intimosclerosis develops. An increased proliferation of all cellular types in the venous wall takes place. In a number of the animals a stable hypoxia of the venous wall is revealed which evidently results in certain endothelial lesions. That plays the main role in appearance of other changes in the venous wall structure which terminate in phlebosclerosis. PMID- 7115105 TI - [Characteristics of the microvascular bed of the uterine tubes in women]. AB - A histological investigation of the fallopian tube vascular bed has been performed in women at various phases of the menstrual cycle (28 observation) and at early uterine pregnancy (6 observations). Topographic isolated mechanisms of blood shunting and deposition participating in cyclic changes in the uterine tube functional activity have been revealed. The blood shunting is performed by the occlusive arterioles and arteriolo-venular semi-shunts situating, mainly, in the tubular isthmus. The blood deposition occurs in the infundibular-ampular portion, at the expense of the postcapillary sinus system, convoluted and occlusive venules. The role of hemomicrocirculatory pathways and the lymphatic sinuses of fimbrias to perform physiological "mechanism of the ova acceptance" is also noted. PMID- 7115106 TI - [Relief characteristics of the trabecular surface of the substantia spongiosa of human vertebrae]. AB - By means of the scanning electron microscopy relief peculiarities of the trabecular surface in the spongy substance of the lumbar vertebra bodies have been studied in mature males in 6 topographically different zones. Some definite differences have been revealed in structure of the fibrillar carcass of the trabeculae which are connected with their from and localization. The surface of the tubular structures is formed by compact and often anastomosing fasciculi of collagenous fibres oriented in parallel to their long axes. A similar structure is noted in the relief of thick lamellae situating in zones adjoining the compact substance layer. The relief of fine lamellar structures localizing as a rule, in central zones of the vertebra body, is characterized by a less pronounced orientation of collagenous fibre fasciculi and a more often occurring erosive lacunae and areas of an active osteogenesis. A conclusion is made on a certain effect of mechanical loadings on the superficial relief of the trabeculae having various localization. PMID- 7115107 TI - [X-ray study of the loaded portions of the skeleton of the upper extremities in athletes engaged in karate]. AB - Roentgenogrammetric analysis demonstrated a more intensive development in the II and III metacarpal hand bones, as well as in the forearm bones in karatists comparing to those in boxers and football players. The transversal diameter of the medullary cavity was less in the karatists. Visual analysis of the roentgenograms demonstrated presence of sesamoid bones in the area of the proximal interphalangeal joints II and III in the fingers of the karatists, waist thickening on the medial surface of the proximal and middle digital phalanges, a sharp thickening of the compact substance layer in the area of the inferior third of the medial surface of the ulnar bone. PMID- 7115108 TI - [Debatable questions in the teaching of medical embryology]. PMID- 7115109 TI - [Organization of the afferent subcortical inputs of the visual area of the cat cerebral cortex]. AB - By means of the horseradish peroxidase retrograde transport method some complexes of the thalamic subcortical structures (external geniculate body, associative nucleus and non-specific nuclei). giving origin to the afferent pathways towards the sensory cortical area (visual area, field 17) have been described in the cat. It has been demonstrated that the external geniculate body, a part of the posterolateral thalamic nucleus, paracentral and centro-lateral nuclei make the complex of the visual cortical area. The investigation performed supports the fundamental principle that for each projection zone of the cerebral cortex afferentation from several thalamic nuclear groups is a specific feature. PMID- 7115110 TI - [Neuronal organization of the dorsoventral ridge of the reptilian forebrain]. AB - Cytoarchitectonics and neuronal structure of the dorsoventricular ridge (DvR) of the forebrain in two species of the squamous reptiles--Agama caucasia L. and Agama sanguinolenta L.--were investigated by means of certain neurohistological methods. In the middle part of the Agama hemisphere the DvR has two regions: medial parvocellular and lateral magnocellular, each of them being presented by two cellular zones--the subependymal zone and core nucleus. Three main types of neurons are described: multipolar spinose neurons, multipolar aspinose neurons and subependymal neurons. The multipolar spinose neurons form the base of the DvR neuronal structure and, according to the structure of the dendritic tree, can be divided into three types: those having loose branching, those having dense branching and piriform ones. Quantitative analysis demonstrates a statistically significant difference in a number of parameters in the dendritic tree having neurons with loose branching and dense branching. Vast axonal plexuses formed by axons of the multipolar spinose and aspinose neurons and the ramifide system of afferent and efferent fibres are noted. PMID- 7115111 TI - [Morphological studies of the regulatory mechanisms of intracerebral blood circulation]. AB - The intracerebral branches of the posterior and medial cerebral arteries in the area of the grey and white substances of the parietal, occipital and temporal cerebral lobes, of the nuclei in the superior and inferior colliculi in the tectum mesencephali. as well as in the pons have been studied in 36 male corpses at the age of 5--49 years by means of Cajal, Koelle, Furness and Costa methods. Presence of sensitive neural terminals, cholinergic plexuses has been stated in the intracerebral artery walls with the diameter up to 100 mcm and more, as well as adrenergic neural network on the arteries with the diameter up to 100 mcm and more, as well as adrenergic neural network on the arteries with the diameter up to 40 mcm and more. Besides, near the cerebral substance vessels monoaminocytes situating both in the area of the sphincter torus and in the arterial walls have been revealed. A suggestion is made that the proper neural and other apparatuses of the intracerebral circulatory bed play a certain role in regulation of the local cerebral circulation. PMID- 7115112 TI - [Microcirculatory bed in chronic arterial obliteration]. AB - The state of tissue vessels in the skin, subcutaneous fat, fasciae and muscles of the lower extremities has been studied at various levels in 10 patients suffering from endarteritis and in 23 patients suffering from atherosclerosis. Certain morphological changes manifested have been revealed in small arteries, arterioles and capillaries: thickening of the muscle tunic, twisting, obliteration of small arteries, arteriolar narrowing, a sharp thickening of the precapillary sphincters, deformity and narrowing of the capillaries, their complete occlusion and fragmentation. The increasing destruction of the tissue vessels towards the periphery, when the disease advances further, results in the microvascular bed reduction with formation of vast avascular zones in distal segments of the extremities. Therefore, it is necessary to decide whether the agents capable to produce regeneration of the destroyed vascular elements should be used. The microvessel regeneration phenomenon can be stimulated by means of repeated infiltration of soft tissues in the injured extremities with the whole autoblood. In places where extravasates are situated, produced in this way, a corresponding reaction of the interstitium takes place, a loose connective tissue rich in organic vessels, such as small arteries, arterioles and capillaries, is formed and, as a result, the ischemic syndrome intensity decreases. PMID- 7115114 TI - [Characteristics of myocardial cholinergic innervation and its species differences]. AB - By means of some neuromorphological and physiological methods, peculiarities of the cardiac cholinergic innervation have been studied in the rabbit, guinea pig, cat, rat and man. The mammalian myocardium (the man including) is heterogeneous in its parasympathetic innervation. There are no terminal cholinergic plexuses in the external and medial layers of the myocardial ventricles, their density is not the same in other myocardial area. According to the cholinergic plexus density gradient, various parts of the atrial myocardium are distributed as following: the anterior part of the atrioventricular node and the atrioventricular fasciculus, the sinuatrial node area, the atrial septum, the right and left atria. Heterogeneity mentioned for the terminal cholinergic plexus demonstrates that various myocardial parts are not similarly subjected to the cholinergic influences. PMID- 7115113 TI - [Topography of the elements of the heart conduction system in the human]. AB - In 112 preparations of hearts from persons at the age of 18-87 years by means of the preparation method (77 hearts) and in histograms stained after Van Gieson, Mallory, Heidenhain and Masson (35 hearts), certain new data on the cardiac conduction system (CCS) have been obtained. A number of fasciculi connected with the sinuatrial and atrioventricular nodes have been revealed. The atrioventricular part of the CCS, as a more ancient one, is characterized by a more constant structure and topography. The sinuatrial part of the CCS, being phylogenetically younger, has a high degree of individual anatomical changeability. PMID- 7115115 TI - [Anatomy and topography of human bronchopulmonary lymph nodes]. AB - In 48 corpses of persons at the age 17-76 years (28 men and 20 women) anatomy and topography of the bronchopulmonary lymph nodes have been described. The nodes studies have been revealed by means of interstitial and direct injection of Gerota mass into the pulmonary tissues and lymphatic vessels with a subsequent macro- and micropreparation of the lymph nodes. Besides the bronchopulmonary lymph node subgroups described previously (posterior, inferior, anterior, superior), left and right interlobular bronchopulmonary lymph nodes have been revealed situating in the angles where the lobular bronchi branch off the left and right main bronchi, as well as on surfaces of the lobular bronchi turned towards the interlobular fissures. The left interlobular and upper bronchopulmonary lymph nodes are the most frequent occurrence. The left and right superior bronchopulmonary lymph nodes occur in a greater number than the lymph nodes in other subgroups. The size of the bronchopulmonary lymph nodes varies within a wide range. The form of the nodes depends on the place of their localization. PMID- 7115116 TI - [Principles of tissue definition and classification]. PMID- 7115117 TI - Cardiovascular effects of tricyclic antidepressants. PMID- 7115118 TI - Clinical conference: diagnosis of patients in the Southwest with solitary pulmonary nodules. PMID- 7115119 TI - An unusual granuloma in an American returning from India: a clinically resembling cutaneous leishmaniasis. PMID- 7115120 TI - Endoscopically placed pancreaticobiliary stents and drains. PMID- 7115121 TI - Decision-making factors in the adjuvant treatment of operable breast cancer. PMID- 7115122 TI - Case of the month no. 56. PMID- 7115123 TI - Necrotizing fasciitis of the head and neck. PMID- 7115124 TI - [Juxtaglomerular apparatus and interstitial cells of kidney medulla in hydronephrosis and chronic pyelonephritis]. AB - Light and electron microscopic examinations of biopsies of the renal cortex were carried out in 24 patients with chronic pyelonephritis and 12 patients with hydronephrosis, as well as of the medullar substance in 7 of these patients after nephrectomy. A detailed analysis of the processes of granule formation in epithelioid cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) using the previously reported method of mathematical evaluation of the shape of granules (ellipticity) established a moderate direction correlation between the ellipticity of the granules and the level of proteinuria. Signs of activation were found in intact JGA: an increased amount of diamondshaped protogranules. The number of lipid granules decreased in interstitial cells of the medullar substance. In exacerbations of chronic pyelonephritis and experimentally, degenerative and necrotic changes were found in interstitial cells due to edema and infiltration of the medullar substance with polymorphonuclear leukocytes and lymphocytes. PMID- 7115125 TI - [Morphofunctional state of the gastric mucosa in primary, combined and secondary stomach ulcer]. AB - The morphofunctional condition of the gastric mucosa was studied in primary, combined, and secondary peptic ulcers. The secretory function of the stomach in primary ulcers was found not to differ from that in normal subjects. An increase in the number of all kinds of epithelial cells of fossi and glands of the fundal part was observed, the percentage ratio of the cells not changing significantly. In secondary peptic ulcers arising in the presence of long-existing stenosing duodenal ulcers, that is due to gastrostasis, the secretory function was markedly increased. In this condition there was a significant increase in the number of principal and parietal cells. Their ultrastructure indicated a high functional activity. No principal differences in the condition of the secretory function of the stomach in patients with combined and secondary ulcers were found. PMID- 7115126 TI - [Morphology of postburn cicatricial stenosis of the esophagus: examination of specimens obtained at spot biopsy]. AB - The authors examined 352 biopsy specimens taken at fibroesophagoscopy in 71 patients with postburn cicatricial esophagostenoses varying in ages from 18 to 70 years. The time after the organ burn ranged from 1 1/2 months to 52 years. Formation of a young granulation tissue was found in treatment of ulcerated structures by bougieurage which is believed to be associated with mechanical effects of the manipulations. In epithelization of cicatricial structures of the esophagus, correlating interactions of the epithelium and connective tissues similar to those observed in healing of skin wounds were recorded. Epithelization of the structures was found to require the elimination of traumatizing effects by food masses. As a rule, languid chronic esophagitis and signs of parakeratosis and hyperkeratosis were found in the area of suprastenotic esophagectasias. PMID- 7115127 TI - [Microcirculation of the parietal pleura in pneumonia occurring in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7115128 TI - [Semb's proliferating centers in the breast]. AB - In 17% out of 671 cases of proliferative mastopathy, peculiar symmetrical complexes of pathological structures, proliferative centers (PC) were found. As they enlarged, their spherical shape changed and the structure became nonhomogeneous. In the epithelium of different PC both in their enlargement and from the periphery to the center the nucleus-cytoplasm index decreased, its variation coefficient increased. This is considered to be the evidence that PC are the early stage of dysplasia of the mammary gland when the stage of proliferation is overcome by the stage of structure formation. The symmetrical pattern of PC may be explained only by its derivation from the primary spherical group of cells, the "marginal" state of the tissue apparently common for dysplasia and carcinoma of the mammary gland. PMID- 7115129 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in the organs in respiratory mycoplasmosis of calves]. PMID- 7115130 TI - [Malignant hormone-active tumors of the adrenal cortex]. PMID- 7115131 TI - [Melanoma of the cauda equina of the spinal cord]. PMID- 7115132 TI - [Mediastinal liposarcoma]. PMID- 7115133 TI - [Malignant mesothelioma of the peritoneum]. AB - An observation of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma in a man of 61 is presented. The clinical signs included fatigue, loss of weight, enlarged abdomen. The duration of the disease was 8 months. The autopsy revealed a whitish tumor of the peritoneum of cartilage density with numerous nodules 0.5-1.5 cm in diameter. The tumor overgrew the liver, spleen, pancreatic gland, stomach, and intestinal loops forming a single conglomerate. In the peritoneal cavity there were 4000 ml of transparent yellowish fluid. The visceral and parietal pleura on the left was thicker and covered with small whitish nodules. Histological examinations showed the peritoneum to be thickened, sclerosed and hyalinized. In the thickness of the fibrous stroma there were numerous slits lined with mesothelial cells. There were metastases in regional lymph nodes. The tumor had the structure of a malignant mesothelioma of the epithelial-like variant. PMID- 7115134 TI - [Loeffler's parietal fibroplastic endocarditis]. PMID- 7115135 TI - [Granuloma gangraenescens of the nose]. AB - An extremely rare observation of gangrenizing granuloma of the nose in a woman of 29 with a fatal outcome is presented. The disease is characterized by rapidly developing changes in the nasal mucosa and sinuses, skin, soft tissues of the face, destruction of cartilage and bone tissues of the nose, upper jaw with perforation of the hard palate and loss of teeth. Wegener's granulomatosis was diagnosed in the hospital. The disease was complicated by multiple errosive bleedings and sepsis. The lack of involvement of the internal organs and granulomatous reaction distinguished the present observation from the classic Wegener's granulomatosis. The presence of marked vascular changes with fibrinoid necrosis of vessel walls and thrombosis, large necrotic areas and accumulation of plasma cells should be regarded as manifestations of hyperergic reaction of the immediate type. The abundance of microbes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes indicates the occurrence of a secondary infection and purulent inflammation. PMID- 7115136 TI - [Clinical application of the international histological and cytological classification of hematologic and lymphatic neoplasms]. AB - The first part of the International classification of neoplastic diseases of haemopoietic and lymphatic tissues by Mathe et al is discussed. The classification is exhaustive but the Table does not include all varieties of hemoblastoses mentioned in the explanatory text and shown in illustrations. Some of the terms seem disputable or inaccurate. The structure of leukemias (623 cases) based on the data of the Sverdlovsk regional haematological centre for 1975-1979 is presented, as reconsidered according to the above classification. The role of trepanobiopsies in diagnosis of leukemias is emphasized. PMID- 7115137 TI - [Scanning integrating digital microspectrophotometer]. PMID- 7115138 TI - [Organization of the work of the Pathology Department of Duke University Medical Center]. PMID- 7115139 TI - [Morphology and pathogenesis of visceral manifestations of chronic alcoholism]. AB - Chronic alcoholism is accompanied by systemic involvement of the internal organs. Clinico-morphological forms of chronic alcoholism are distinguished on the basis of the prevailing organ pathology, Morphological data are presented, and pathogenesis of the lesions of the liver, heart, pancreas, and kidneys in patients with chronic alcoholism is analysed. The hepatic form may present alcoholic dystrophy, hepatitis or cirrhosis which are stages of progressing hepatopathy. The toxic and metabolic effect of ethanol is important in the pathogenesis of liver lesion. The cardiac form is characterized by the development of alcoholic myocardiodystrophy. In addition to the toxic influence of ethanol, hormonal and electrolyte changes and microcirculatory disorders play a role in its pathogenesis. Chronic calcifying pancreatitis in chronic alcoholism is associated with the effect of ethanol on the mediatory system. The renal form any present necronephrosis, hepatorenal syndrome, glomerulonephritis or pyelonephritis. Their pathogenesis is determined by toxicity of ethanol, circulation of immune complexes in the blood, or immunosuppression. PMID- 7115140 TI - Cysticercosis. An old scourge revisited. PMID- 7115141 TI - Cysticercosis cerebri. Review of 127 cases. AB - We reviewed the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment in 127 cases of cysticercosis cerebri. The chief syndromes were seizures (55.1%), hydrocephalus (37.8%), and stroke (11.8%). Serum or CSF indirect hemagglutination titers, determined in 101 patients, were positive in 84.1% of those with CSF pleocytosis but in only 42.1% of those without. Computed tomography (CT), employed in 85 patients, showed typical multiple calcifications in 64.7%. The CT scans were most useful in the surgical treatment of ventriculomeningeal infestation. Ventricular shunt implantation was performed in 40 patients with hydrocephalus and produced marked improvement in 32. Cyst resection was necessary only for patients with rapidly enlarging fourth ventricle cysts. PMID- 7115142 TI - CNS cysticercosis. AB - Worldwide, cysticercosis is the most common CNS parasite. Because of immigration from endemic areas, cysticercosis has become more common in the United States. Seventeen cases have been seen at the University of California Medical Center, San Diego (La Jolla) over the last ten years. Eight patients had intracranial hypertension; three, seizures; three, intracranial hypertension; and seizures; two, strokes; and one, retinal involvement. Diagnosis was by surgical biopsy in five cases and by clinical setting plus positive serologic findings in 12. Twelve patients underwent surgical procedures during their illness, one patient died, and five improved with steroid therapy. Clinical, serologic, and pathologic criteria permit definitive diagnosis. Therapy is currently directed toward complications of the primary infection, which usually is inactive at the time of presentation. PMID- 7115143 TI - Pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. AB - Nucleolar volume and melanin pigment were measured in nerve cells of the substantia nigra in cases of idiopathic Parkinson's disease and in other cases of parkinsonism associated with cerebrovascular disease. In cerebrovascular parkinsonism, nucleolar volume is reduced by 16%, whereas melanin content is unchanged, reflecting local deficiencies in circulation on function of nerve cells, otherwise normal for age. In idiopathic parkinsonism, remaining cells are atrophied, and nucleolar volume is reduced by 16%. Melanin content is decreased by 22% because of preferential loss of the highly pigmented cells. The pathogenesis of idiopathic parkinsonism may lie with a secondary aggravation of changes that occurs, as part of the "normal process of aging," in relation to the cytotoxic effects of dopamine metabolism and melanin accumulation. PMID- 7115144 TI - Incomplete palmitate oxidation. Possible source of human myopathy. AB - A study of palmitate oxidation in 200 consecutive human muscle biopsy specimens showed 14 patients in whom there was abnormal, incomplete palmitate oxidation when the rate of oxidation of palmitate 14C (ul) was compared with that of palmitate 14C (at carbon 1). Five patients had denervation as a primary diagnosis, and the remaining nine had a primary muscle disease. Of this latter group, six had clinical similarities, including proximal weakness, necrotic fibers on muscle biopsy, and extreme elevations of serum creatine kinase. With one exception, lipid storage was not part of the syndrome. The possibility of incomplete palmitate oxidation due to a defect in beta-oxidation producing a human myopathy is discussed. PMID- 7115146 TI - Posttraumatic premature Alzheimer's disease. Neuropathologic findings and pathogenetic considerations. AB - Dementia following head trauma is generally attributed to contusional injury or its complications. Dementia pugilistica and rare cases of classic Alzheimer's disease (AD) following head injury suggest that trauma may also play a provocative role in neurofibrillary change. The ages and clinical descriptions, however, allow other interpretations. A 38-year-old man died 16 years after substantial recovery from a single episode of severe head trauma. Pathologic study indicated that the clinical deterioration was due to classic AD. Ultrastructural evaluation demonstrated both paired helical and straight filaments in cortical neurons. PMID- 7115145 TI - Measles- or mumps virus-infected cells forming rosettes with lymphocytes from patients with multiple sclerosis. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) were studied to determine the frequency at which they formed rosettes with target cells persistently infected with measles or mumps virus. Results were compared with (1) the rosette-forming capability of lymphocytes from age- and sex-matched normal control subjects and (2) the rosette-forming capability of lymphocytes with uninfected target cells from patients with MS. Comparison of mean measles antibody titers in patients with MS was significantly higher than in control subjects. A similar comparison for mumps antibodies showed a significant differences. There was no significant difference between patients and control subjects in the frequency of lymphocytes that formed rosettes, no matter which target cell was used. When data obtained using target cells infected with measles were analyzed according to sex or clinical classification, no significant difference was observed. Lymphocytes from patients or control subjects formed significantly more rosettes when reacted with virus-infected rather than uninfected target cells. These data suggest that PBL rosette formation with measles- or mumps-infected cells may represent nonspecific adherence rather than specific adherence. PMID- 7115147 TI - Streptococcal meningitis after myelography. PMID- 7115148 TI - Clinical significance of the corneomandibular reflex. AB - Lesion site, etiology, and clinical signs were analyzed in 50 cases of unilateral or bilateral corneomandibular reflex. The reflex was seen most commonly in acutely ill patients with a reduced level of consciousness and elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). Large cerebral hemispheric lesions with secondary brainstem pressure, intrinsic lesions of the upper brain-stem or diencephalon, diffuse or metabolic processes (often accompanied by raised ICP), and involvement of corticobulbar pathways in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or multiple sclerosis (MS) were the most common settings where the reflex occurred. The sign is useful in distinguishing structural from metabolic processes in acutely comatose patients, localizing lesions to the upper brainstem area, determining the depth of coma and its evolution, providing evidence of uncal or transtentorial herniation in acute cerebral hemisphere lesions, and suggesting involvement above the spinal level in cases of ALS and MS. PMID- 7115149 TI - Effects of cholinergic treatment on posttraumatic anterograde amnesia. PMID- 7115150 TI - Optic neuropathy and paratrigeminal syndrome due to Aspergillus fumigatus. AB - Chronic Aspergillus meningitis and cerebral vasculitis occurred in a 67-year-old man. He experienced periorbital pain that increased in severity during a ten month period. Although no focal neurologic deficits were initially present, oculosympathetic paresis, corneal hypesthesia, and optic neuropathy developed. This is the first report, to our knowledge, of paratrigeminal syndrome with optic neuropathy due to aspergillosis. The case was also unusual because it was chronic and there was no extracerebral infection or predisposing factors, such as underlying malignancy or collagen vascular disease. PMID- 7115151 TI - Capsular ataxic hemiparesis. A case report. PMID- 7115152 TI - Transient global amnesia after cerebral angiography. Report of seven cases. AB - Because of a case of typical transient global amnesia following cerebral angiography, the records of all patients undergoing cerebral angiography during a seven-year period were reviewed. Six other cases were discovered. All patients had either transfemoral catheter or brachial angiograms performed immediately before the development of amnesia. Spasm of a vertebral artery was noted in one case. None had clinically obvious seizures. All recovered within 24 hours. This only recently reported complication of cerebral angiography is consistent with a vascular etiology of the syndrome of transient global amnesia when not associated with angiography, although a direct toxic effect of the contrast material cannot be excluded. PMID- 7115154 TI - Choreoathetosis in an infant with tuberculosis meningitis. PMID- 7115155 TI - Transient polyradiculoneuropathy following a febrile transfusion reaction. PMID- 7115153 TI - A cluster of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. PMID- 7115156 TI - Hemiplegia after intracarotid injection of methylphenidate. PMID- 7115157 TI - Reversed cerebral asymmetries. PMID- 7115160 TI - Myocardial ischemia manifestation. PMID- 7115159 TI - Suppression burst associated with eye opening. PMID- 7115158 TI - Positional nystagmus of the benign paroxysmal type with posterior fossa medulloblastoma. PMID- 7115162 TI - Progressive supranuclear palsy. PMID- 7115161 TI - Computed tomographic visualization of extensive calcinosis in a patient with idiopathic familial basal ganglia calcification. PMID- 7115163 TI - Bilateral papilledema and self-mutilation. PMID- 7115164 TI - Disseminated intravascular coagulation in infancy and in the neonate. Ocular findings. AB - We report two cases of neonatal disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). One case is associated with placenta previa and respiratory distress, and the other shows hemorrhage with Gram-negative sepsis. In both cases, results of autopsy show microscopic confirmation of DIC in several body tissues. One pair of eyes demonstrates intraocular hemorrhages and intravascular fibrin in the choriocapillaris (a typical manifestation) and intravascular fibrin in the ciliary body vessels of one eye. In addition, the other pair of eyes shows involvement of iris vessels, a unique finding, as is intraretinal intravascular fibrin in one eye of the same patient. PMID- 7115165 TI - Pigment epithelial pattern dystrophy. Four different manifestations in a family. AB - The development of a retinal pigment epithelial dystrophy with a horseshoe pattern is described. In the same family, pigmentations resembling butterfly dystrophy, fundus pulverulentus, and reticular dystrophy were found. Since reticular dystrophy, macroreticular dystrophy, fundus pulverulentus, butterfly dystrophy, and pattern dystrophy lead to the same results with regard to visual acuity, visual fields, dark adaptation, color vision, ERG, and electro-oculogram and since they all seem to be inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, we suggest that they are different expressions of the same pigment epithelial dystrophy for which pattern dystrophy seems the most appropriate name. PMID- 7115166 TI - Electroretinography and retinitis pigmentosa. No discrimination between genetic subtypes. AB - Electroretinography (ERG) has been utilized to claim that the various hereditary subtypes of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) could be distinguished according to the temporal characteristics of the b wave. This study compares two different ERG techniques, one utilizing constant amplitude response and the other balanced photopic and scotopic stimuli, for the early diagnosis of RP. Both methods were found to be reliable objective tests for diagnosing RP. Neither test could differentiate between dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked RP. PMID- 7115167 TI - Falsely extinguished bright-flash electroretinogram. Its association with dense vitreous hemorrhage. AB - Three patients with dense vitreous hemorrhages and nonrecordable bright-flash electroretinograms prior to vitrectomy all experienced great improvement in visual function and had recordable, though reduced-amplitude, electroretinograms soon after vitrectomy. None of the eyes had a major retinal detachment. The postoperative reduction in the electroretinogram in each case could be explained by the abnormality present. In common, the eyes required greater light than normal to elicit the electroretinograms post-operatively with clear media. While a damaged retina may have a nonrecordable electroretinogram in the presence of a preoperative dense vitreous hemorrhage, this may not preclude recovery of useful visual function following vitrectomy. PMID- 7115169 TI - Blood-retinal barrier in eyes with long-standing aphakia with apparently normal fundi. AB - Vitreous fluorophotometry was used to evaluate the integrity of the blood-retinal barrier in 130 eyes with long-standing aphakia and apparently normal fundi. All patients had undergone intracapsular lens extraction because of senile cataract and had been followed up for approximately one year (group 1) or three years (group 2). Thirty normal eyes served as controls. Thirty minutes or one hour after intravenous administration of fluorescein sodium, 50 of 130 aphakic eyes (32 of 70 group 1 eyes; 18 of 60 group 2 eyes) and three of 30 control eyes were judged abnormal in breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier. In aphakic eyes, the older the age at operation, the higher the incidence of barrier breakdown. These results indicate that the blood-retinal barrier remains disrupted for a longer postoperative period than was previously thought, and that the incidence of barrier breakdown relates to the age at operation. Although these findings reflect subclinical phenomena, they are biologically important. PMID- 7115168 TI - Congenital retinal macrovessels. AB - The clinical and fluorescein angiographic features of seven patients with unilateral, large retinal vessels supplying or draining the macular region, both inferior and superior to the horizontal raphe, are described. All patients had good vision, although two patients also had a concomitant foveolar cyst in the involved eye. Four of the seven eyes had small perifoveolar arteriovenous communications, while three eyes did not. Four eyes also showed abnormal areas of retinal capillary nonperfusion. In addition, delayed drainage of dye from the enlarged vessels was a commonly encountered feature. It is suggested that these congenital anomalies be referred to as retinal macrovessels. PMID- 7115171 TI - Neuro-ophthalmologic signs and symptoms of cysticercosis. AB - Fifty-six patients with cysticercosis and neuro-ophthalmic signs were examined by me during an 11-year period. Their symptoms generally reflected increased intracranial pressure caused by hydrocephalus, subacute meningitis, cerebral masses or a combination of these effects. Papilledema (37 patients) was the commonest sign, with pupillary abnormalities (16 patients) and nystagmus (12 patients) frequently encountered. Cysticercosis is a relatively benign, although episodic, disease, as long as secondary obstructive hydrocephalus is promptly diagnosed and treated by CSF shunting procedures. PMID- 7115170 TI - Chronic sixth nerve palsies. Are they really harbingers of serious intracranial disease? AB - Abducens palsies are encountered frequently in ophthalmologic practice and are usually benign transient deficits. When a sixth nerve palsy lasts longer than three months, conventional wisdom dictates an extensive investigation. In this report, we describe 38 patients with chronic, isolated sixth nerve palsies. The patient who is seen initially with an abducens palsy should undergo thorough medical and neurologic examinations to determine if the palsy is isolated. If it is isolated, the condition is not likely due to serious intracranial disease despite a duration of greater than three months. PMID- 7115172 TI - Familial, congenital paralysis of horizontal gaze. AB - Eye movements were studied in a sister and brother with familial, congenital paralysis of horizontal gaze. Horizontal and vertical eye movements were recorded with DC electro-oculography and analyzed with a laboratory computer. All horizontal, conjugate eye movements were absent (saccades, pursuit, optokinetic nystagmus, vestibulo-ocular response, and visual-vestibular responses). Voluntary vergence eye movements were preserved and were used to track visual targets. An involuntary, horizontal, pendular nystagmus was found to represent disconjugate, smooth, vergence eye movements. Vertical saccades and vestibulo-ocular responses were normal. However, vertical pursuit, optokinetic nystagmus, and suppression of the vestibulo-ocular response by fixation were impaired. A developmental anomaly affecting motor neurons and interneurons in the abducens nuclei is suggested to be the cause of the absence of conjugate, horizontal eye movements. PMID- 7115173 TI - HLA antigens in Stevens-Johnson syndrome with ocular involvement. AB - Fifteen white patients and three black patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) with ocular involvement had HLA typing performed. The HLA-Bw44 antigen was found to have an increased frequency of 66.7% in white patients with SJS with ocular involvement, which was statistically significant when compared with a frequency of 20.4% in the white control population. The results of this study suggest that there is an immunogenetic susceptibility to the development of SJS with ocular manifestations in white patients. PMID- 7115175 TI - Open angle glaucoma, ocular hypertension, low-tension glaucoma, and refraction. AB - An analysis of the refractions of patients with primary open angle glaucoma, ocular hypertension (OH), and low-tension glaucoma showed that myopia occurred more frequently in each group than would be expected in a normal population of similar age. One in three of the myopes with OH had glaucomatous field defects on follow-up examination, whereas the defects developed in only one in 20 of the emmetropes and in one in 40 of the hypermetropes. These results suggest that myopic eyes are more susceptible to the effects of raised intraocular pressure than are nonmyopic eyes and that myopes with OH have a particularly high risk of the development of field defects. PMID- 7115174 TI - Ocular findings in osteogenesis imperfecta congenita. AB - Osteogenesis imperfecta is a rare, inherited, connective-tissue disorder. The three main signs of this disease are multiple bone fractures, blue scleras, and deafness (osteosclerotic type). In our research, only a few reports of the morphologic studies of the eyes of patients with osteogenesis imperfecta were found. This report describes the ocular histopathologic condition of four cases of osteogenesis imperfecta congenita, with emphasis on the ultrastructural characteristics of the collagen in the cornea and sclera. PMID- 7115176 TI - Unilateral Duane's retraction syndrome (Type 1). AB - Duane's retraction syndrome (DRS) is a congenital eye movement disorder characterized by adduction deficiency, abduction limitation, globe retraction, and palpebral fissure narrowing on attempted adduction. In a case of unilateral DRS, the right side of the brainstem, cavernous sinus, and orbit were completely normal. The left abducens nucleus contained no cell bodies from motor neurons, but in its rostral portion, it contained several small cell bodies believed to be compatible with internuclear neurons. The left abducens nerve was absent. The left lateral rectus muscle was partially innervated by branches from the inferior oculomotor nerve. PMID- 7115177 TI - Histopathology of a case of radial keratotomy. AB - A patient underwent a radial keratotomy (RK) to reduce residual astigmatism that occurred after a corneal transplant. The patient enjoyed immediate good vision, but later intense glare, photophobia, and pain forced him to quit work. Five months later the graft became cloudy, and superficial vascularization developed in the radial scars. An 8.5-mm penetrating keratoplasty was performed 5 1/2 months after RK. Analysis of the corneal button revealed diffuse epithelial edema, epithelial ingrowth into the incisions, an irregularly thickened epithelial basement membrane, immature hemidesmosomes, focal malapposition of Bowman's layer, marked cellularity of the stroma around the margins of the incisions, and posterior folds in Descemet's membrane. Our analysis of this specimen suggests RK may carry a risk of optical and visual aberrations by producing multiple defects in the anterior and posterior aspects of the cornea. PMID- 7115178 TI - Pseudorheumatoid nodule involving the orbit. AB - We report a clinicopathologic study of an unusual case of pseudorheumatoid nodule involving the right orbit of a child. Pathologically, the orbital lesion was similar to subcutanous nodules of rheumatoid arthritis and rheumatic fever. The physical findings and laboratory studies in our case did not reveal any evidence of systemic disease. Based on a review of reported cases involving other locations, this lesion appears clinically benign in children. PMID- 7115179 TI - Occlusion of the posterior ciliary artery. V. Protective influence of simultaneous vortex vein occlusion. AB - In 28 eyes of rhesus monkeys, occlusion of all the posterior ciliary arteries (PCAs) was either performed alone (in seven eyes) or accompanied simultaneously by occlusion of one vortex vein (VV) (in 11 eyes) or two VVs (in ten eyes). In addition, in four eyes lateral PCA occlusion was combined with occlusion of two VVs. All the eyes were investigated for acute ischemic lesions in the fundus, ie, outer retinal infarcts and anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION). The findings indicate that occlusion of one or two VVs exercised a distinct protective influence against the acute ischemic lesions. The study also demonstrated that notable interstudy and intrastudy variations in the incidence and extent of retinal infarcts and AION among the various previously reported experimental PCA occlusion studies were caused by unintentional and unnoticed cutting of some of the VVs in the orbit. PMID- 7115181 TI - Toxicity of intravitreous miconazole. AB - Miconazole nitrate is a broad-spectrum antimycotic agent with low systemic and ocular toxicity. Since this drug does not adequately penetrate the vitreous cavity by topical, subconjunctival, or intravenous routes, we determined whether it can be given intravitreously for fungal endophthalmitis. Retinal and lens toxicity studies were carried out in 40 rabbits and three owl monkeys. Results showed that both miconazole and its vehicle produced toxic damage to the retina and crystalline lens in concentrations of 100 micrograms or greater. Concentrations of 10 to 80 micrograms caused mild to moderate retinal necrosis in some rabbit eyes. In monkey eyes, these concentrations did not cause significant histopathologic or electroretinographic changes. We believe that clinical use of this drug in doses not to exceed 40 micrograms may be justified in desperate cases of fungal endophthalmitis. PMID- 7115180 TI - Chorioretinal juncture. Vascularization of Bruch's membrane in peripheral fundus. AB - Pathologic changes in chorioretinal juncture (pigment epithelium, drusen, Bruch's membrane, and choriocapillaris) were studied in the peripheral fundus of eyes removed at autopsy and surgically enucleated eyes by gross, light microscopic, and electron microscopic methods. Vascularization of Bruch's membrane (VBM) occurred in 430 (43%) of eyes at autopsy, was age related, and was most common in the ora zone and temporal sectors; a significant correlation was found with systemic oligemic conditions. Vascularization of Bruch's membrane occurs in the inner collagenous layer of the membrane, which always demonstrates collagenous thickening and often shows intrusion of interstitial-type cells; the vessels emanate from adjacent pars plana. While many degenerative changes of the pigment epithelium accompany VBM, only direct ophthalmoscopic visualization of linear dendritic depigmentation of overlying pigment epithelium provides diagnostic evidence of vessels. Thus, VBM seems pathogenically related to the fact that the peripheral fundus is a vascular watershed and is selectively vulnerable to senile involutional changes. PMID- 7115182 TI - Dynamics of the flow of perilymph in the cochlea of the guinea pig. AB - The dynamics of perilymph flow in the cochlea was studied in guinea pigs. After placement of sodium chloride crystals on the round window membrane, the potassium ion concentration in the scala vestibuli in the basal turn does not change. The potassium ion concentrations in the scala tympani in the basal turn increases rapidly, while the potassium ion concentration in the scala tympani in the third turn increases slowly and to a lesser extent. The cochlear microphonic potential decreases in the basal turn and to a lesser extent in the third turn. After placement of sodium chloride on the fenestra in the scala tympani of the third turn, the chochlear microphonic potential in the basal turn does not change. These data lend support to the theory of longitudinal flow of perilymph in the scala tympani. PMID- 7115183 TI - The normal chinchilla round window membrane. AB - The chinchilla round window membrane consists of three layers: (1) an outer epithelial layer facing the middle ear cavity with tight junctions and numerous desmosomes, (2) a middle connective-tissue layer consisting of fibroblasts, fibrocytes, collagen, elastin, capillaries, and myelinated and unmyelinated nerves, and (3) an inner cellular layer with thin cytoplasmic processes containing numerous micropinocytotic vesicles and dark granules similar in form to alpha-type glycogen. Studies of the fine structure of the normal round window membrane in animals are prerequisites to understanding the role of the round window membrane in both normal function and in diseased states such as otitis media. PMID- 7115184 TI - Meniere's disease and the peak audiogram. AB - Pure tone audiograms of 300 patients with Meniere's disease and 400 patients without Meniere's disease were compared for prevalence of a high-frequency peak configuration. Prevalence rate of 42% for a peak audiogram was observed in ears diagnosed with Meniere's disease compared with 6% for patients with cochlear hearing loss not attributed to Meniere's disease, and 7% for normal hearing patients. Prevalence of the peak audiogram in patients with Meniere's disease was significantly greater than either of the patient groups without Meniere's disease. Prevalence of peak audiogram was affected by duration and bilaterality of Meniere's disease, but not by the degree of hearing loss. A classification system is proposed for describing the peak audiogram based on the severity of the peak configuration and the degree of hearing loss. PMID- 7115186 TI - Eustachian tube function. Children with otitis media. AB - The relationship between middle ear disease and eustachian tube function was studied in 24 children with persistent otitis media with effusion and with pressure-equalization tubes in place using the pressure system of an impedance bridge. Five measurements of function were correlated with a child's age and six indexes of disease. The highest multiple correlation squared accounted for only 27% of the variability in results, indicating that knowledge of tubal function by this technique has little useful correlation with other indicators of disease. PMID- 7115185 TI - Ossicular replacement with self-stabilizing presculptured homologous cartilage. AB - The use of self-stabilizing, alloplastic ossicular replacement prostheses introduced by Shea and Homsy has improved postsurgical hearing results in patients with major ossicular defects. While hearing results after total and partial ossicular replacement are good, many authors have reported high rates of extrusion of these alloplastic materials. A technique is herein described in which an all-cartilage homograft is presculptured into a self-stabilizing configuration. Twenty-three such total and partial ossicular replacement grafts were performed with a follow-up of at least 25 months; none of the cartilage struts has extruded. The self-stabilizing, presculptured homologous cartilage graft provides an alternative for surgeons who wish to avoid alloplastic materials in ossicular reconstruction. PMID- 7115187 TI - Late changes in hearing results after mastoid obliteration with tympanoplasty. AB - Hearing results are presented for 627 ears with chronic otitis media that were operated on radically and obliterated (Palva flap) and in which a tympanoplasty was performed. The ears were examined annually for five to 14 years (mean, 8.8 years). The long-term improvement (five to 14 years after the surgery) was the greatest in ears with an intact ossicular chain and in ears with ossicular reconstruction using autograft or homograft ossicles or autogenous cortical bone columellae. As a whole, the early (one year after the operation) improvement in the air-bone gap was 8.0 dB when compared with the preoperative gap and the late deterioration in gap after the first year was 6.0 dB. To detect the late changes in hearing results, the ears operated on must be followed up for a least five to ten years. PMID- 7115188 TI - Elective surgery in patients with sickle cell anemia. AB - Between July 1977 and October 1981, nine patients with sickle cell anemia underwent tonsillectomy or tonsillectomy with adenoidectomy without operative or postoperative morbidity or mortality. Appropriate management is necessary to prevent vaso-occlusive events. The current protocol for elective surgery used at the Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, consists of the following: (1) preoperative transfusion and hydration, (2) intraoperative prevention of hypothermia and maintenance of blood volume, and (3) postoperative oxygen therapy and hydration. The critical requirement of this protocol is the preoperative transfusion of these patients with packed cells consisting of hemoglobin A erythrocytes to lower the percentage of Hb S to less than 45% as determined by quantitative hemoglobin electrophoresis. PMID- 7115189 TI - Dynamic compression plating in the treatment of mandibular fractures. Early experience. AB - The production of rigid fracture fixation has most recently been carried out by the use of internal compression plates. These allow for a simple and accurate method of providing either static or dynamic osteosynthesis in a variety of maxillofacial applications. Especially in cases involving the edentulous mandible, in comminuted fractures with or without loss of bone, in fractures where intermaxillary fixation would be necessary, or when internal splinting is required, this technique as presented may offer some unique and desirable advantages. An overview of the general principles and technique is presented and discussed. PMID- 7115190 TI - Replanting the severed auricle. An update. AB - An updated method of replanting a severed auricle is reported. Management consists of early, meticulous replantation with minimal debridement; cooling of the auricle; low-dose heparin sodium; dextran 40; antibiotic coverage; and multiple stab incisions to relieve venous congestion. The regimen is based on experience with nine successfully replanted auricles. PMID- 7115191 TI - Fahr's disease. An otolaryngologic perspective. AB - An idiopathic basal ganglion calcification occurring in a 35-year-old man was first observed as a speech deficit. The literature is reviewed, the condition of patients with this disease is evaluated, and a prognosis is given. To our knowledge, the prolongation of visual-evoked potentials by this abnormality is reported herein for the first time. PMID- 7115192 TI - Audiologic findings in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. AB - An audiologic study of a 54-year-old patient with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease whose initial symptom was hearing difficulty is presented. While findings from basic audiologic tests were not consistent with the degree of auditory difficulty reported by the patient, special testing did indicate a notable deficit. Although the auditory periphery was probably mildly involved, it seemed that the major auditory deficit was central. PMID- 7115193 TI - Presurgical devascularization of a laryngeal paraganglioma. PMID- 7115194 TI - Malignant granular cell tumor of the tongue. PMID- 7115195 TI - Chronic myringitis and chronic suppurative otitis media. AB - Thirty-four chronic myringitis cases were examined by otoscopy, pure tone audiometry, tympanometry, skull X-rays, and bacteriologic study of otorrhea. Five atypical cases are presented in detail. Three of these five cases had a perforation of the tympanic membrane preceding the appearance of typical chronic myringitis. The remaining two cases showed a transient small tympanic membrane perforation during the long course of chronic myringitis. These cases suggest that chronic myringitis could occur in some chronic suppurative otitis media and that myringitis could cause tympanic membrane perforation. PMID- 7115196 TI - Cortical evoked potentials in response to brief modulation of signal amplitude. Experiments on auditory temporal resolution. AB - Human cortical evoked potentials were monitored with scalp electrodes as an indicator of the ability to resolve brief changes in an auditory signal. For a brief period in the middle of a noise pulse its intensity was increased or decreased. The magnitude and duration of this change was varied to establish (1) the threshold for the cortical evoked potential and (2) the effect on the evoked response (amplitude, latency) in the suprathreshold region. To evoke a stimulus specific potential pattern, durations of about 16 ms were required for intensity changes of +3 dB. With an intensity step of +9 dB, the threshold duration was reduced to 4-6 ms. A brief increase in intensity was more associated with distinctly lower thresholds and larger response amplitudes than an equivalent reduction in intensity, duration being equal. These results confirm the critical durations found in psychoacoustic studies that offer valuable evidence as to the ability to resolve brief changes in an auditory signal. PMID- 7115197 TI - Location of efferent neurons to the labyrinth of the green tree frog (Hyla cinerea). A horseradish peroxidase study. AB - The origin of centrifugal fibers to the labyrinth was determined by application of horseradish peroxidase to the severed octavus nerve of the green tree frog (Hyla cinerea). Labeled neurons were found exclusively in the nucleus reticularis medius of the reticular formation ipsilateral to the injection site. In particular, no retrogradely labeled neurons were found in the octavus nuclei. PMID- 7115198 TI - The preoperative state of infection in chronic otitis media correlated with postoperative hearing results. AB - The postoperative long-term hearing results, with special reference to the state and management of the tympanic mucosa at operation, in 627 ears (574 patients) after an annual clinical follow-up period of 5-14 years are presented. The ears were operated on radically due to chronic otitis media, using the obliterative radical operation technique developed by T. Palva. The air-bone gap improved from the preoperative level significantly more in ears where the tympanic mucosa had been preserved than in ears where it had been removed at operation (p less than 0.001). The improvement was also significantly better in dry ears than in ears which were moist or discharging at operation (p less than 0.05). The mean late deterioration in the air-bone gap after the first follow-up year was significant in all the groups of ears (p less than 0.05), and the mean long-term change in air-bone gap from pre- to late postoperative examination was the improvement of 3.0 dB in ears with, and a deterioration of 2.0 dB in ears without ossicular reconstruction. PMID- 7115199 TI - [Investigation of the influence of vigilance on the nystagmic reaction (author's transl)]. AB - A modification of mental arithmetic (MMA) combined with a key press technique was used to raise the patient's level of vigilance during routine investigation of vestibular function. The effect of MMA is studied by comparing succeeding pendular tests under different conditions. Group I: 81 patients had the first pendular test without and the second with MMA. Control group II: 31 patients had the tests in opposite order. The nystagmograms were analysed by computer. The application of the MMA-method resulted in a significantly increased average reaction intensity with differences up to 20% and more, according to the considered nystagmus parameter. This effect does not depend on the chronological order of the tests with or without MMA. On the other hand, in both groups a higher level of vigilance is correlated with less nystagmic beats (5-8%). Therefore, the number of beats does not show the characteristics of typical intensity parameters. The comparison of the absolute values of the analysed parameters shows good reproducibility of the average results under identical circumstances. In the last 4 years the MMA-method turned out to be easily applicable. For all these reasons, this method was included into the routine examination of vestibular system function to raise and keep constant the level of vigilance. PMID- 7115200 TI - [Correlation between tone and speech audiometry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7115201 TI - [The early development of the labyrinth (author's transl)]. AB - The developmental kinetics of the inner ear of 2- to 30-mm embryos are examined. The development of the inner ear can be shown as being constructively correlated with the development of the brain and thus being an ontogenic requisite for the structural development of the embryo. The development kinetic findings, as shown here, demonstrate that the functions of the inner ear have already started during its development and differentiation. PMID- 7115202 TI - Use of 3H-cholesteryl linoleyl ether for the quantitation of plasma cholesteryl ester influx into the aortic wall in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. AB - In this study use was made of 3H-cholesteryl linoleyl ether CLE), a nondegradable analogue of cholesteryl ester (CE) to measure plasma lipoprotein CE influx into rabbit aorta. Autologous serum labeled with 3H-CLE was injected into seven hypercholesterolemic rabbits, and more than 90% of the label was recovered in the plasma compartment 10 minutes after injection. Between 4 hours and 3 days the label was cleared from the circulation with a t1/2 of about 24 hours. Between 4 and 24 hours the lipoproteins isolated at d less than 1.006, d less than 1.019, and d less than 1.063 approached similar specific activity, assuming that 3H-CLE had mixed with the lipoprotein CE pool. The rabbits were killed 7 to 14 days after injection when plasma radioactivity decreased to less than 0.03% of injected dose/ml. Total recovery of the CLE ranged from 70% to 95% and 48% to 72% were found in the liver. The minimum influx of plasma CE into the aortic intima was determined by dividing the label found in the artery by the mean specific activity of the labeled compound in the plasma. The minimum influx into regions with atheromatous involvement ranged from 0.8 to 3.4 micrograms CE/cm2/hr. The rate of influx was highly correlated with the amount of CE mass in the intima and media indicating that the bulk of aortic CE is derived from plasma lipoprotein CE. The method described might be useful in distinguishing between possible effects of "antiatherogenic" drugs on plasma CE influx into the aortic wall from an effect on intracellular CE hydrolysis and subsequent efflux of free cholesterol from the artery. PMID- 7115203 TI - Cholesterol homeostasis of skin fibroblasts after incubation with postabsorptive and postprandial lipoproteins. The effect of a fatty meal. AB - To determine if lipoproteins formed after a fatty meal deliver more cholesterol to cultured skin fibroblasts than do lipoproteins in the basal state, very low density lipoproteins and remnants (d less than 1.019), low density lipoproteins (LDL), and high density lipoproteins (HDL) were isolated from plasma obtained before, and 3 and 6 hours after, consumption of a high fat-cholesterol formula by seven normal males. Binding of 125I-LDL to cells and cell cholesterol content were determined after incubation of normal human skin fibroblasts for 48 hours with the lipoprotein fractions at 5% or 15% of plasma concentration. Activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase was also measured after preincubation of cells with HLD for 48 hours. Despite a 40% increase in unesterified cholesterol in the d less than 1.019 fraction at 3 hours compared to the 0-hour fraction, the 3-hour d less than 1.019 fraction did not decrease LDL binding or increase cell cholesterol more than did the 0-hour fraction. Preincubation of cells with LDL, concentrations of which were unchanged by feeding, decreased LDL binding and increased cellular cholesterol. These effects also were not altered by the meal. HDL lipids and apo A-I were decreased at 3 hours, but not at 6 hours. Effects of HDL on LDL binding and cellular cholesterol were not altered by feeding, but the 3-hour and 6-hour fractions increased 3 hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity, while the 0-hour fraction had little effect. These data indicate that consumption of a high fat-cholesterol meal as a bolus does not acutely alter the cholesterol delivery capacity of serum lipoproteins of normal male subjects. PMID- 7115204 TI - Decreased plasma phosphatidylcholine/free cholesterol ratio as an indicator of risk for ischemic vascular disease. AB - As part of a population survey and a follow-up study of plasma lipid profiles by high temperature gas-liquid chromatography, we have determined the quantities and relative proportions of all major chemical classes and molecular species of lipids of plasma from 1200 subjects at Visit 2 of the Toronto-McMaster Lipid Research Clinic Prevalence Study. We have compared these values between our 24 subjects with ischemic vascular disease and 73 control subjects matched for age, sex, and plasma total cholesterol and triacylglycerols. The phosphatidylcholine/free cholesterol ratio showed the highest association with ischemic vascular disease of any of over 10 other lipid parameters and all the common risk indicators except high density lipoprotein cholesterol. The phosphatidylcholine/free cholesterol ratio had a relative risk ratio of 20/4 (95% confidence limits, 15/9, 23/1) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, a risk ratio of 23/1 (95% confidence limits, 24/0, 19/5) for ischemic vascular disease. The average ratio of phosphatidylcholine/free cholesterol for the ischemic vascular disease group was 1.36 and for the controls 1.51, the population average being 1.50. Plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol had a significant correlation (R = 0.15) with the phosphatidylcholine/free cholesterol ratio in the total population sample. The increased risk for ischemic vascular disease from a lower phosphatidylcholine/free cholesterol ratio may possibly be explained on the basis of decreased fluidity and stability of the lipoproteins due to a relative oversaturation with free cholesterol. PMID- 7115208 TI - Nutrition in family practice. PMID- 7115206 TI - Dealing with the disadvantaged. PMID- 7115205 TI - Genetic susceptibility and resistance to diet-induced atherosclerosis and hyperlipoproteinemia. AB - To test the hypothesis that genetic susceptibility or resistance to diet-induced atherosclerosis is correlated with serum levels of specific lipids, lipoproteins, or apoproteins, male mice of a genetically susceptible and a genetically resistant strain were fed either a normal or an atherogenic diet. After 20 weeks on a normal diet, neither the resistant nor the susceptible strain mice had atherosclerosis; resistant strain mice had serum cholesterol of 66 +/- 11 while the susceptible strain mice had 90 +/- 1 mg/dl serum cholesterol, and lipoproteins were dominated by a single alpha-migrating HDL. After 20 weeks on an atherogenic diet, resistant strain mice had 185 +/- 55 mg/dl cholesterol, their lipoproteins remained dominated by alpha-migrating HDL, and two of eight mice had mild atherosclerotic lesions; susceptible strain mice had 510 +/- 94 mg/dl cholesterol, multiple alpha- and pre-beta-migrating lipoprotein species, and all 13 had advanced aortic atherosclerosis. The resistant strain mice had an apolipoprotein E/total lipoprotein protein ratio of 0.42 on the normal diet and 0.53 on the atherogenic diet, while the susceptible strain mice had the significantly lower ratios of 0.07 and 0.31, respectively. These data indicate that genetic resistance to diet-induced aortic atherosclerosis in mice is correlated with capacity to prevent large increases in serum cholesterol, to suppress abnormal alpha- and pre-beta-migrating lipoproteins, and to maintain elevated serum apolipoprotein E/total lipoprotein protein ratios. Our data do not preclude the possibility of additional gene control at the level of arterial end organ response. PMID- 7115209 TI - Dietary guidelines for Australians. PMID- 7115210 TI - Dietary salt and hypertension. PMID- 7115211 TI - Vitamins E, C and the B complex. PMID- 7115212 TI - The doctor's bag: emergency equipment. PMID- 7115213 TI - The insurance medical. Practical procedures. AB - The insurance medical examination is an integral part of day to day general practice. On a busy day it may develop into a race against the clock with short cuts made despite the handsome remuneration. In this article Dr Breidahl has outlined the disadvantage to our patients of taking these short cuts and in particular the opportunities missed for preventive medicine. PMID- 7115214 TI - CNS signs associated with campylobacter enterocolitis. PMID- 7115215 TI - Variation on a theme. PMID- 7115216 TI - IUDs and IOUs. PMID- 7115217 TI - Epilepsy: an exercise in needs analysis (1981 F H Faulding Memorial Award winning essay). PMID- 7115218 TI - The growth of segmental nerves from the spinal cord to the hind limb-bud in the axolotl. AB - It has been concluded from previous experiments involving the growth of segmental nerves from the amphibian spinal cord to the limb-bud that axons are attracted to the limb-bud region by their target tissue (Hamburger, 1929; Hughes and Tschumi, 1958). In the present study this hypothesis has been tested by obstructing the pathways over which the nerves normally grow. It was found that for those nerves which marginally obstructed far fewer axons were able to reach their target. The spinal ganglia associated with these nerves contained up to 50% fewer cells than the adjacent unobstructed segmental level. These results suggest that nerves are not attracted from the spinal cord by the target tissue, but rather that the pathways provided by the axial segmental nerves are essential if a normal number of axons are to reach their target. PMID- 7115219 TI - Host age determines the effects of helminthic parasite infestation upon expression of allergic reactivity in rats. AB - Comparisons were drawn between the effects of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infestation upon IgE synthesis and the in vivo expression of allergic reactions to ovalbumin (OV) in weanling, juvenile and adult rats. Parameters examined included total and antigen (OV)-specific IgE levels in serum and the relationship between serum levels of antigen-specific IgE in individual parasitized rats and the magnitude of their subsequent reactions to intravenous or intradermal antigenic challenge. On the basis of parallel trials employing non-infested age matched controls, parasitized adult and juvenile animals manifested allergic reactivity to the full potential of their individual specific antibody levels. In contrast, the magnitude of allergic reactions in parasitized weanlings was markedly depressed below that expected from their IgE antibody scores. The most notable additional feature distinguishing parasitized weanling rats from infested animals of other ages was the presence in their serum of extremely high levels of 'irrelevant' IgE. PMID- 7115220 TI - The therapeutic effect of 16 antimicrobial agents on Cryptosporidium infection in mice. AB - The therapeutic efficiency of 16 anti-microbial agents (Ethopabate, Nicarbazin, Sulphaquinoxaline, Furaltadone, Enterolyte-N, Sulphamethazine, Trinamide, Amprol, Phenamidine, Zoaquin, Halofuginone, Salinomycin, Monensin, Emtryl, Arprinocid and Amprolium) were examined against Cryptosporidium infections in mice. The Cryptosporidium was originally isolated from a field outbreak of calf diarrhoea. The drugs neither prevented nor modified the course of the infection as compared with infected, untreated mice. PMID- 7115221 TI - The chemical nature of the funnel-web spider venom inhibitor found in rat plasma. AB - Strong evidence has been obtained that the funnel-web spider venom inhibitor, previously found to occur naturally in the blood of rats, is at least partly immunoglobulin in composition. However, the results of chromatographic and immunological studies, including the use of specific antisera, indicate that this inhibitor is not a single chemical entity and apparently resides within more than one immunoglobulin class. In addition, it was observed that challenge of rats with Atrax venom substantially increased the venom-inhibiting powers of their blood and that these powers were located in the same plasma fractions as in unchallenged rats. PMID- 7115222 TI - Isolation of mitochondrial DNA from Macropus giganteus. PMID- 7115223 TI - Human allogeneic responses: lymphokine requirement for the in vitro generation of specific cytotoxic responses to a malignant melanoma cell line. AB - Requirements for the in vitro generation of specific cytotoxic responses by human T-lymphocytes to an allogeneic malignant melanoma cell line (MM-170) have been examined. The responder T-lymphocytes used were isolated from peripheral blood and were essentially free of non-specific cytotoxic effector cells and their precursors. MM-170 alone was found to be an inadequate stimulator of cytotoxic responses. Stimulation did occur in cultures with both MM-170 and an Interleukin 2 containing human lymphokine supernatant. The cytotoxic effector cells generated were specific for MM-170 when the MM-170 cells used for stimulation had been metabolically inactivated by glutaraldehyde treatment. PMID- 7115224 TI - Internal fixation of fractures of the ulna in the horse. PMID- 7115225 TI - Atlanto-axial malarticulation in Angora goats. AB - Two male Angora goats presented with ataxia and weakness of the hind limbs. Both tired easily when exercised and often stumbled and fell. In both cases, post mortem examination revealed focal areas of gliosis and diffuse Wallerian degeneration in the spinal cord at the level of the atlanto-axial joint. There were also two areas of myelomalacia in one of the goats. In the other, the caudal articular surfaces of the atlas were unusually convex and the odontoid process of the axis was laterally compressed. It is suggested that these vertebral anomalies resulted in excessive mobility of the joint leading to the development of a compressive myelopathy. PMID- 7115227 TI - The prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis and other parasites in urban pound dogs in north-eastern Victoria. AB - The results of a survey investigating the prevalence of dirofilaria immitis and other helminth and protozoan infections in urban dogs in north-eastern Victoria are presented. D. immitis was detected in 2.7% of the general population (8.3% of dogs older than 2 years). Microfilariae of D. immitis were not detected in the peripheral circulation of 30% of dogs infected with the adult parasites. The most prevalent gastro-intestinal parasites were Dipylidium caninum 57%; Trichuris vulpis 41%; Toxocara canis 38%; and Uncinaria stenocephala 26%. The prevalence of T. canis in dogs less than one year of age was 73% and this decreased with increasing age. No Echinococcus granulosus adults were detected. Sarcocystis spp and isospora ohioensis were the most commonly seen coccidians. PMID- 7115226 TI - Field testing of a killed Haemophilus parahaemolyticus vaccine in pigs. PMID- 7115228 TI - The effect of magnesium sulphate on convulsions induced by annual ryegrass toxicity. PMID- 7115229 TI - The application of a food incorporating praziquantel in the treatment and control of Echinococcus granulosus infections in dogs. PMID- 7115230 TI - A survey of canine cestodes in the Goulburn district in New South Wales. PMID- 7115231 TI - Morphology of cattle Y chromosome. PMID- 7115233 TI - Occurrence of Allodapa suctoria in a domestic fowl. PMID- 7115232 TI - Isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans from a ferret. PMID- 7115234 TI - Malignant catarrhal fever in farmed Rusa deer (Cervus timorensis). 2. Animal transmission and virological studies. AB - A disease with clinical signs and histological lesions similar to malignant catarrhal fever in cattle was transmitted from Rusa deer (Cervus timorensis) to rabbits. This was accomplished on 3 separate occasions, and the disease was serially passaged in rabbits up to 11 times. The clinical signs in affected rabbits were pyrexia, depression, anorexia, mucopurulent conjunctivitis, nasal discharge and diarrhoea. These signs were seen in 27 of 38 inoculated rabbits with the mean incubation period being 12 days (range 8 to 20 days). Histologically, affected rabbits exhibited mononuclear perivascular cuffing and vasculitis in the brain, heart, liver and kidney. Lymph nodes and spleen showed destruction and loss of mature lymphocytes and lymphoid follicles and an increased number of large lymphoblastoid cells. These clinical signs and lesions were not detected in control rabbits. The disease was not transmitted to cattle, sheep, guinea pigs or mice, nor was an agent isolated in cattle, deer or rabbit tissue cultures, or in chicken embryos. PMID- 7115235 TI - Evaluation of a hardjo-pomona vaccine to prevent leptospiruria in cattle exposed to a natural challenge with Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. AB - The efficacy of a vaccine against Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona and Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo was evaluated in a group of dairy heifers that were serologically negative at the time of vaccination and later subjected to natural challenge with L. interogans serovar hardjo. Thirty-nine heifers were vaccinated twice, at a one-month interval, with a commercially prepared bivalent vaccine, while 43 unvaccinated heifers were used as controls. After vaccination, microscopic agglutination (MA) titres of serums to L. interrogans serovar hardjo ranged from 32 to 512, and those to L. interrogans serovar pomona ranged from 32 to 2048. Titres resulting from vaccination were short-lived and after the first vaccination the serums of 95% of vaccinated heifers did not react in the MA test by 24 weeks. The first indication of infection in the heifers was noted at week 6, and by week 16, elevated MA titres (greater than or equal to 128) to L. interrogans serovar hardjo had occurred in 62% of unvaccinated heifers and had increased to 85% by week 24. At week 18, 18% of the vaccinated heifers and 56% of the unvaccinated heifers had leptospiruria (p less than 0.01); after 22 weeks, 13% of the vaccinated heifers and 58% of the unvaccinated heifers showed evidence of leptospiruria (p less than 0.01). PMID- 7115236 TI - Effect of calving supervision upon the calving performance of Hereford heifers. AB - The calving performance of 268 two-year-old Hereford heifers was studied in 2 commercial herds and at a research station to compare supervision and non supervision during calving. Supervision in the 3 herds involved twice-daily paddock inspections of calving heifers using a vehicle and the provision of obstetrical aid to those in difficulty. The unsupervised controls were inspected once weekly and were not assisted. The supervised heifers experienced a higher incidence of live-natural births and fewer dead calves compared with the unsupervised heifers. Dam survival rates were significantly (p less than 0.05) increased in all supervised treatments. Calving supervision was justified by higher survival of both heifers and calves as well as humans considerations. It was endorsed as a worthwhile management practice in commercial herds with significant levels of dystocia in calving heifers. PMID- 7115237 TI - Effects of various countermeasures against the adverse effects of weightlessness on central circulation in the healthy man. AB - The effect of lower body negative pressure, local negative pressure below the knee joint, and both pneumatic and mechanical occlusion cuffs at the upper third of the femur on central circulation, oxidative metabolism, and acid-base equilibrium of blood was studied on eight healthy male volunteers with doublelumen Swan-Ganz flow-directed thermodilution catheters implanted for 7 d into the pulmonary artery. The counter-measures against the adverse effects of weightlessness were used in two regimens: regimen I at -30, -50, +40 torr and regimen II at -60, -100, and +60 torr. The parameters were recorded in recumbency, during the head up tilt at 70 degrees for 15 min, and then during the head-down tilt at -20 degrees for 60 min. After the first 20 min of anti orthostasis, the effects of the above countermeasures in the two regimens were investigated. The tile-induced changes in central circulation, those observed during application of the countermeasures, and the effect of different countermeasures were studied on a comparative basis. It was demonstrated that the highly informative method of implantation of catheters into the pulmonary artery can be successfully used in biomedical investigations of normal men. PMID- 7115238 TI - Proliferation kinetics of paramecium tetraurelia in balloon-borne experiments. AB - Experiments were carried out to demonstrate the effect of cosmic radiation, at a balloon-flight ceiling of about 36,500 m (120,000 ft) on single-cell organism proliferation. Paramecium tetraurelia were placed in air-tight containers and maintained at 25 degrees +/- 0.1 degrees C. Cellular growth was determined by cell count, either after recovery or during the flight, by means of an automatic fixation device. Dosimetry was performed by a tissue equivalent proportional counter and was of about 0.5 mrad/h. Flight ceiling duration ranged from 48 min - 22 h. A secondary stimulating effect of growth rate, preceded by a temporary decrease, was observed after recovery. Because of the high bacterial concentration in the trans-Mediterranean flight culture medium, the temporary drop of the growth rate, due to the radiolysis products, disappears. We consider that the stimulating effect can be the result of enzymatic intracellular scavenging of radiolysis products generated in the cell. PMID- 7115239 TI - Motion sickness incidence induced by complex periodic waveforms. AB - Independent groups of up to 32 young men exposed in a standard seated posture to one of five conditions of vertical (Z axis) motion for up to 2 h. Exposure was less in the event of vomiting or a volunteer's voluntary withdrawal from the experiment. A control condition, sinusoidal motion of 0.17 Hz and 0.13 G R.M.S., provided the basis for comparison with the remaining four conditions, each produced by the sum of two sinusoids, the fundamental at 0.17 Hz plus the second or third harmonic. The conditions differed in the phase relationship of the fundamental and second harmonic, or in the relative acceleration levels of the two harmonic components. The predicted motion sickness incidence (MSI) for each sinusoid alone was calculated from a previously derived mathematical model and compared with the obtained MSIs. Certain motion conditions provoked unexpectedly high MSIs compared with the control condition. It was found that R.M.S. acceleration is not reliable as the sole predictor of MSI in complex motion. Further data must be obtained before accurate prediction of MSI in broadband motion will be possible. PMID- 7115240 TI - Influence of a visual display and frequency of whole-body angular oscillation on incidence of motion sickness. AB - Visual search within a head-fixed display consisting of a 12 X 12 digit matrix is degraded by whole-body angular oscillation at 0.02 Hz (+/- 155 degrees/s peak velocity), and signs and symptoms of motion sickness are prominent in a number of individuals within a 5-min exposure. Exposure to 2.5 Hz (+/- 20 degrees/s peak velocity) produces equivalent degradation of the visual search task, but does not produce signs and symptoms of motion sickness within a 5-min exposure. PMID- 7115242 TI - Serum and urinary cation changes on acute induction to high altitude (3200 and 3771 metres). AB - Twenty subjects each were rapidly inducted by road to 3200 ad 3771 m. Serum and urinary sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium were measured during 10 d at high altitude. At 3200 m, only serum potassium increased significantly on the 10th day. At 3771 m, serum potassium did not increase. Serum sodium generally remained low, serum magnesium increased, while calcium decreased significantly. Urinary volume over 24 h decreased more and for longer duration at 3771 m than at 3200 m. Urinary cations did not change significantly at 3200 m. At 3771 m, sodium and potassium excretion decreased on days 1 and 3 later returned towards preinduction levels. Magnesium and calcium decreased throughout the high-altitude stay. Significant changes were noticed in serum and urinary cations on exposure to high altitude when adequate caloric intakes were not ensured. PMID- 7115243 TI - Oxygen exposure and extrapulmonary respiratory tract ciliogenesis in adult male rats. AB - Adult male rats were exposed to pure oxygen at atmospheric pressure for 12 and 24 h. Electron microscopic examination indicated ciliogenesis at every respiratory tract level. For the first time this investigation has established an oxygen insult which affects the epithelium of the entire extra-pulmonary respiratory tract, viz. ciliogenesis. An alteration in muco-ciliary clearance is suggested PMID- 7115241 TI - The relationship of motion sickness susceptibility to learned autonomic control for symptom suppression. AB - Twenty-four men were randomly assigned to four equal groups matched in terms of their Coriolis Sickness Susceptibility Index (CSSI). Two groups of subjects were highly susceptible to motion sickness, and two groups were moderately susceptible. All subjects were given six CSSI tests at 5-d intervals. Treatment Groups I (highly susceptible) and II (moderately susceptible) were taught to control their autonomic responses, using a training method called autogenic feedback training (AFT) before the third, fourth, and fifth CSSI tests. Control Groups III (highly susceptible) and IV (moderately susceptible) received no treatment. Results showed that both treatment groups significantly improved performance on CSSI tests after training; neither of the control groups changed significantly. Highly and moderately susceptible subjects in the two treatment groups improved at comparable rates. Highly susceptible control group subjects did not habituate across tests as readily as the moderately susceptible controls. PMID- 7115244 TI - The effect of head cooling on deep body temperature and thermal comfort in man. AB - A liquid conditioned hood (LCH) made of stretch nylon was used to investigate the effect of head cooling on deep body temperature and thermal comfort in man. Six male subjects each performed two experiments of 2 h duration, in a climatic chamber, in conditions of dry bulb temperature 40 degrees C, wet bulb temperature 29 degrees C and 50 mm black globe temperature 50 degrees C. In one experiment head cooling was given during the first hour and in the other during the second hour. In both experiment, auditory canal (Tac) and oesophageal (Toe) temperatures increased during the first hour. During the second hour, without head cooling Tac and Toe continued to increase, whilst with head cooling no further increase in either was observed with an improvement in both head and body thermal comfort and with a small decrease in mean skin temperature. PMID- 7115245 TI - Hepatitis virus infection in flying airline personnel. AB - Sera of 1126 flying personnel of an airline were tested for signs of ongoing or past infections with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or with hepatitis A virus (HAV). The prevalence of anti-HA antibodies was similar in all professional categories of flying personnel and the same or slightly lower than in Swiss blood donors. The frequency of immune markers identifying HBV immunity was similar in pilots, flight-engineers, and female flight attendants compared to Swiss blood donors. However, HBV immunity was clearly more prevalent in male flight attendants. Within 1 year, 13 of 2624 flying personnel had acute hepatitis. This higher-than average incidence of hepatitis amongst flying personnel compared to the Swiss population was mainly due to a high incidence of hepatitis B amongst male flight attendants. Their special life-styles might be responsible for the high prevalence of HBV immunity and for the high incidence of hepatitis B. PMID- 7115246 TI - Postexercise blood pressure as a predictor of hypertension. AB - A study on 721 healthy male aircrew assessed whether the blood pressure response to exercise could be used to predict the development of hypertension. A positive blood pressure response to exercise, recorded 30 s after the completion of exercise, was defined as a systolic blood pressure of 200 torr or more (systolic test) or a raised diastolic blood pressure (diastolic test). While 236 (32.7%) became hypertensive with a blood pressure greater than 149/90 torr, 17% of these had shown a positive systolic response and 17% a positive diastolic response. The other 485 individuals (67.3%) remained normotensive throughout the mean follow-up period of 68 months (range 12-170 months). Of this group, 88% never manifested a positive systolic or diastolic response to exercise. Although 5% of the normotensive subjects manifested a positive systolic response to exercise, and 12% manifested a positive diastolic response to exercise, a longer period of follow-up may reduce this figure. It is concluded that exercise related blood pressure is a useful test in predicting the development of essential hypertension. PMID- 7115247 TI - Emotional reactions to military aircraft accidents. PMID- 7115248 TI - A high-sensitivity, low-cost, voltage-to-frequency integrator for laboratory strip-chart recorders. AB - In is often desirable to obtain the integral of a signal whose amplitude is rapidly fluctuating with time. For example, the signal produced by a hydrogen flame photometer to quantify the sodium content in a sodium chloride respirator quantitative fit test instrument is representative of the type of signal that is frequently recorded on a strip-chart recorder, but whose integral is tedious to calculate. A long-term precision integrator was designed that utilizes a commercially available voltage-to-frequency integrated circuit module. The integrator is capable of integrating a 0-10 V signal for time periods greater than 1 h with an overall accuracy of 0.1%. The integrator can be built from commercially available components for less than $600. PMID- 7115249 TI - Head-temperature effects on physiology, comfort, and performance during hyperthermia. AB - This study assessed the effects of head temperature on subjects under hyperthermic conditions. Six volunteers were trained to plateau on a manikin task that tested cognitive performance and reaction time. A subject's core temperature was driven with a full-length, liquid-conditioned garment perfused with water at 30 degrees or 43 degrees C, and head temperature was controlled by a cap with an inlet temperature of 8 degrees or 43 degrees C. Heavy insulation was worn overall; ambient temperature was 30 degrees C. Subjects were heated and cooled twice during each experiment to include all possible cap/suit temperature combinations. Each subject did one control and four stress experiments. Comfort and performance were measured as the subject's esophageal temperature (Tes) rose and fell through the range 37.5-39.0 degrees C. Cap temperature did not affect rectal temperature (Tre) but significantly altered the Tes rate of change; a cool head sometimes truncated the peak Tes value. Although the cap covered only 3-4% of the body surface, the head was a major determinant of subjective comfort. Body heating tended to shorten reaction time and diminish performance accuracy, while head cooling largely reversed these trends. Possible mechanisms include 1) change in overall heat balance; 2) countercurrent exchanges in the neck, and 3) change in sensory output. Head cooling deserves serious consideration for machinery operators where whole-body thermoneutrality is impractical. PMID- 7115250 TI - Effect of dietary fat on pulmonary enzymes and toxicity during normobaric hyperoxia. AB - Weanling male rats were fed a semi-purified diet containing 10, 20, 40 or 60% of calories as fat having a constant polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio of 0.7. After 21-28 d of feeding, animals from each treatment group were exposed to pure oxygen at one atmosphere absolute for up to 72 h. Some animals were sacrificed after 0 or 48 h of oxygen exposure and lung tissue analyzed for the activities of the hexose monophosphate shunt and prostaglandin dehydrogenase/reductase. Other animals were exposed to hyperoxia until death. With increasing dietary fat content, the pre-exposure activities of the two enzymes decreased and oxygen-induced mortality increased. There was no dietary effect on enzyme activities after 48 h of hyperoxia. We concluded that both dietary fat content and the pre-exposure activity of prostaglandin dehydrogenase/reductase influenced the relative susceptibility to pulmonary oxygen poisoning. PMID- 7115251 TI - Radiogenic changes in the behavior and physiology of the spontaneously hypertensive rat: evidence for a dissociation between acute hypotension and incapacitation. AB - Immediately following exposure to a sufficiently large dose of ionizing radiation, rats and several other species experience a transient period of acute hypotension and an accompanying deficit in performance. Although significant correlations have been reported between the drop in blood pressure and the early transient incapacitation (ETI) and a causal relationship has been suggested, the extent to which hypotension precipitates the occurrence of the behavioral deficits remains uncertain. The present experiments investigated both radiogenic blood pressure and performance changes in a strain of rat bred for hypertension (spontaneously hypertensive rat: SHR) in order to determine if high blood pressure might attenuate ETI. Although male SHRs experienced a severe ETI and a drop in blood pressure, much of the data is inconsistent with the hypothesis that hypotension causes performance decrements. In an additional series of studies, blood volume and serum chemistry data were analyzed. Male SHRs were significantly higher than normotensive controls on several blood chemistry determinations. Exposure to ionizing radiation, more often than not, enhanced these differences. These results could not be explained on the basis of radiogenic blood volume fluctuations. PMID- 7115252 TI - Postural stability during slow-onset and rapid-onset hypoxia. AB - The standing steadiness and postural tremor of seven male volunteers were examined during slow and rapid induction of hypoxia. Spectrum analysis of position coordinates and tremor data generated from a quartz multicomponent force measuring platform and a tremor transducer showed that postural tremor (pt) and anteroposterior sway (ay) increased significantly during hypoxia. Rate of onset of hypoxia, however, did not affect the development of the increased tremor, whereas rapid-onset hypoxia consistently induced a greater anteroposterior sway than slow-onset hypoxia. Lateral sway (ax) was not affected by either slow- or rapid-onset hypoxia; however, it was significantly greater when eyes were closed compared to when they were opened. Anteroposterior sway (ay) was also significantly greater when visual cues were eliminated during both slow- and rapid-onset hypoxia. Heart rate (HR) and cardiac index (CI) of subjects increased significantly during both conditions of hypoxia. PMID- 7115253 TI - Effect of orthostatic stress on exercise performance after bedrest. PMID- 7115254 TI - Physiological and psychological adaptation to respiratory protective devices. AB - This study was conducted to investigate the adaptation process to respiratory protective devices (RPD). Twenty healthy subjects were tested at 80% of their Vo2 max for 6 consecutive days with a fitted RPD with an airway resistance of 2.80 +/ 0.07 cm H2O s/1. It was concluded that working with RPD at a work capacity close to maximum for several minutes per day induces a rapid adaptation process. This is demonstrated by an improvement in physiological parameters rather than in subjective sensations. PMID- 7115255 TI - Regional blood flow in the domestic fowl immediately following chronic acceleration. AB - In order to examine the effects of chronic low G acceleration on blood flow distribution and cardiac output, chickens (N=10) were centrifuged at +2Gz for 30 61 d. Controls (N=12) were not centrifuged. The animals were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital after removal from the centrifuge and surgically prepared in order to measure cardiac output and regional blood flows by the reference sample method with 85Sr labeled microspheres (15 +/- 5 mum diam.). Both brachial arteries were cannulated to withdraw timed, paired blood samples at a known rate. The chest was opened and a cannula inserted into the left ventricle for administration of microspheres. Tissue samples were taken after completion of experimental procedures and their radioactivity was determined. The cardiac outputs in the two groups were not significantly different. Regional blood flows to the kidney, eyes, and skeletal muscle were significantly increased in the animals subjected to chronic +2Gz. While the mechanism by which these increases in blood flow occurred is not known, results indicate that chronic exposure to hyperdynamic gravitational fields can alter circulatory dynamics. We conclude that the cardiovascular system is directly involved in the process of adaptation to chronic positive acceleration. PMID- 7115256 TI - The landing signal officer: auditory aspects. AB - Landing signal officers (LSOs), exposed to high noise levels during carrier operations, do not routinely wear hearing protectors. Noise exposure data obtained during carrier qualifications on the USS Lexington and the USS Forrestal suggested a clear risk for hearing damage. Moreover, a comparison of the hearing of LSO and non-LSO pilots matched for age and number of flight hours, indicated a trend for LSOs to have poorer hearing. Questionnaire data from 225 LSOs indicate they need full access to aircraft auditory cues, which is not attainable with current off-the-shelf hearing protectors. It is recommended that a hearing protector be developed for the LSO which would permit passage of critical auditory cues and, at the same time, provide hearing protection. There should be a redesign or elimination of the UHF handset. If eliminated, a boom-type noise cancelling microphone in conjunction with earphones integral to the hearing protector should be considered. Additional hearing studies of LSO and non-LSO pilots should be undertaken. PMID- 7115257 TI - A procedure for the analysis of nystagmus and other eye movements. AB - A simple procedure has been developed for the computer analysis of nystagmus and other eye movements using the superior pattern recognition capabilities of the human operator to distinguish between fast- and slow-phase eye movements. The basis of the procedure is that the operator can set up threshold limits around an expected slow-phase eye velocity waveform through the use of cursor facilities. Points lying outside the threshold limits are recognised as fast-phase eye movements and discarded. Various least-squares curve-fitting procedures are then used to establish the relationship between the oculomotor response and the stimulus waveform. Examples are given of analysis procedures for both periodic and transient responses of the vestibulo-ocular reflex. The method is particularly useful for the analysis of responses to voluntary head movement in which slow-phase velocity frequently approaches that of the fast-phase components. PMID- 7115258 TI - Some legal implications of pilot error. AB - Pilots are not expected to be superhuman beings, and it must therefore be accepted that they will make mistakes, some of which may have disastrous consequences. If it can be proven that the error equates with negligence in the pursuance of their duties, then they may be subjected to the full force of the Law. However, because pilot error is a multifactorial phenomenon, which is imperfectly understood, the initiation of legal proceedings may be difficult. If a penalty is to be imposed, the law demands a degree of proof which may be greater than that demanded by some investigating authorities, before implementing the appellation 'pilot error'. PMID- 7115259 TI - Health advice for aircrew on refugee flights. AB - In order to assess measures taken by airlines to protect the health of crews on refugee flights, a survey was made of airlines involved in transporting Indochinese refugees from Southeast Asia. Five of the 20 airlines surveyed provided sufficient data for analysis. Combined, the five airlines transported approximately 2,500 refugees on more than 100 flights, involving at least one crew change per flight. Health measures varied considerably among airlines. Immunizations alone sufficed in some cases, whereas others required flight attendants to wear gloves and provided anti-malarials, even for crew which did not enter malarious areas. Where antimalarials were recommended, they were not protective against Southeast Asian strains of P. falciparum malaria. No airline noted an increase in illness among aircrew involved in refugee flights. Disinsection procedures were improperly performed in three airlines; one airline did not disinsect at all. Aircrew were generally overly immunized and, in some cases, overly protected in a setting where the probability of disease transmission was low. PMID- 7115260 TI - Familial intermittent diplopia: a report of two cases. AB - The presence of sufficient muscle balance and bifovial fixation to prevent a break in fusion resulting in diplopia, even under conditions of hypoxia, fatigue, stress, and peripheral gaze, has been of concern in aviation medicine since 1917. Considerable resources are still expended obtaining, reporting, and storing test results, using procedures that undoubtedly exceed the skills of many examiners, when denials are rare, few inflight breaks in fusion have ever been reported, and most known cases of diplopia are from the history. We have recently examined a 54 yr-old employee with a 5-yr history of several daily episodes of incapacitating diplopia, and we have information about his 48-yr-old brother who has a similar history. When asymptomatic, both have normal vision test results. Detection was from the histories; the diagnosis remains uncertain. The ease of concealment, rare test value, and prevalent examiner skills are of concern. The importance of the history is reaffirmed. PMID- 7115261 TI - Cytochemical investigations on endocrine-like cells of the digestive tract of the ascidian Styela plicata. AB - The digestive tract of Styela plicata was examined by cytochemical methods with the aim of displaying the endocrine-like cells. There are different endocrine like cell types in the gastric epithelium which can be distinguished by their cytochemical characteristics in G-like (Type I), A(A2)-like (Type II), B-like (Type III) and (D (A1)-like (Type IV) cells; while in the esophageal and intestinal epithelium only enterochromaffin-like cells are present. PMID- 7115262 TI - Blood red cells-alpha actinin: a likely relationship to cell membrane and co capping with surface receptors. PMID- 7115263 TI - Kinetics of the oxidation of indoxyl liberated from indoxyl phosphate by kidney alkaline phosphatase. PMID- 7115265 TI - Molecular and cellular mechanisms of mutagenesis. Proceedings of a symposium. April 5-9, 1981, Gatlinburg, Tennessee. PMID- 7115264 TI - Ultrastructural distribution of choline acetyltransferase in the goldfish optic tectum. AB - The ultrastructural localization of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) has been demonstrated in the goldfish optic tectum. The distribution of the enzyme activity was observed in the optic fibers and in many synaptic vesicles of optic terminals. Other fibers and only few neurons (small or medium sized) are ChAT positive in the SFGS and in the SGC. The results indicate the presence of intrinsic cholinergic circuits in the goldfish optic tectum, in addition to the cholinergic retinotectal neurotransmission. PMID- 7115266 TI - Polymerase infidelity and frameshift mutation. PMID- 7115268 TI - Mutators, antimutators, and DNA replication errors: a summary and perspective. PMID- 7115267 TI - Passive polymerase control of DNA replication fidelity: evidence against unfavored tautomer involvement in 2-aminopurine-induced base-transition mutations. AB - We consider the role of unfavored tautomers in causing base-substitution transition mutations. Data obtained with the base analogue 2-aminopurine (AP) for the frequency of forming AP.T and AP.C base mispairs can be shown to be in probable conflict with tautomer model predictions. An alternative model, in which individual hydrogen bonds exhibit different bond strengths depending upon their ring position, is proposed to account for the frequencies of forming correct and incorrect base pairs. In this "differential H-bonding" model, disfavored tautomers of AP and those of common nucleotides play a generally insignificant role. A hydrogen-bonding free energy scale is derived in which free energy differences are obtained for all possible matched and mismatched base pairs. We also show that recent in vitro data for the formation of AP.C base pairs are consistent with a "passive polymerase" theoretical model in which base selection is governed not by the enzyme but by differences in base-pairing free energies. PMID- 7115269 TI - Alterations in chromatin structure during DNA excision repair. AB - Work from a number of laboratories recently has demonstrated that alterations in chromatin structure occur during excision repair in mammalian cells. It is now clear that when cells are damaged with a wide variety of chemical agents or ultraviolet radiation, almost all of the repair synthesis is initially sensitive to staphylococcal nuclease. With time, there is a redistribution of the counts incorporated during excision repair synthesis so that many of them become nuclease resistant and associated with nucleosome core length DNA. In our laboratory, we have demonstrated this phenomenon in human cells damaged with N acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene, 7-bromomethylbenz[a]anthracene, and ultraviolet radiation. It is clear from the work of others that the phenomenon is not unique to human cells since African green monkey cells damaged with either ultraviolet radiation or angelicin also show an initial nuclease sensitivity of repair incorporated nucleotides follow by rearrangement. Two models to explain these observations have been proposed; one suggests that there is an unfolding of nucleosomes during excision repair followed by a refolding, while the other suggests that sliding of core proteins with respect to DNA occurs during excision repair. These models, as well as recent data bearing on them, will be discussed. PMID- 7115270 TI - New approaches to DNA damage and repair: the ultraviolet light example. AB - DNA fragments of defined sequence are used as probes to study DNA damage and repair. The case of ultraviolet light is presented and includes the following: (a) Description of the distribution of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers within defined DNA sequences. Considerations of the effect of neighboring base composition, dose rate, and double- or single-stranded property of the DNA are discussed. (b) Dissection of the anatomy of the incision event and subsequent repair steps. A three-step incision model for repair of cyclobutane dimers by the Micrococcus luteus repair enzymes will be presented. The steps are (1) recognition of the lesion and N-glycosylase scission, (2) cleavage of the phosphodiester bond 3' to the newly created apyrimidinic site, and (3) scission of the apyrimidinic sugar on the 5' side. (c) Use of human alphoid sequences as indicators of DNA damage in intact human cells. (d) Biological significance of a novel ultraviolet light-induced photoproduct. This photoproduct occurs at pyrimidine-cytosine sequences and may have a significant biological role. PMID- 7115271 TI - Chromosomal and nonchromosomal DNA: a summary and perspective. PMID- 7115272 TI - Mammalian mutagenesis: future directions. AB - Future research in mammalian germ-line mutagenesis will benefit from the reciprocal relationship that can exist between the production of mutations and their analysis. Thus, mutagenesis experiments supply altered genes, and thereby tools for basic studies; while, in turn, information on gene structure and function helps in understanding mechanisms of mutagenesis. The nature of genetic alterations recovered in specific-locus tests is illustrated by an account of the analysis of 112 radiation-induced mutations involving the c locus on chromosome 7. Using phenotypic characterizations of various kinds, deficiency mapping with nearby markers, and complementation studies, the mutants could be classed into 13 groups, and 8 functional units could be identified in the c-locus region. Twelve different deficiencies overlapping at c range in length from less than 2 to 6-11 cM. Using the deficiencies, as well as a tandem duplication that involves the c region, and several T(X;7)'s in which c is inactivated in a mosaic fashion, it is possible to generate gene doses from 0 to 3, in steps of 0.5, not only for c but also for other genes included in various deficiencies. Cis and trans configurations can also be compared. This array of genetic materials is now being used for the isolation of DNA sequences from genetically-defined regions. Results from analyses of mutations can contribute answers to some of the pragmatic questions in germ-line mutagenesis and risk assessment. Areas in which contributions may be expected are: the relative roles of intracellular conditions (e.g., nature of chromatin, presence of repair enzymes) and secondary circumstances (e.g., selection) in determining the quantity and quality of transmitted mutations; the validity of quantitative extrapolations, such as projections to low doses and calculations of doubling dose; and the relation between measures of mutation rate and projections of phenotypic damage. PMID- 7115274 TI - Measurement of radioactive tracer microsphere blood flow with NaI (T1)-and Ge well type detectors. AB - An intrinsic Ge-well type detector was applied for the detection of gamma rays from labeled tracer microspheres. The high energy resolution and the large peak to-Compton ratio of this spectrometer ensures the application of all available differently labeled tracer microspheres in one experiment. The superior energy resolution of the Ge-detector was documented with the separated photopeak regions of 103-Ru and 85-Sr-labeled tracer microspheres, which result in a single photopeak when an NaI(T1) detector is used. The Ge-well type detector was compared with an NaI(T1) spectrometer by counting samples of cardiac muscle in either spectrometer systems. Regression analysis between both spectrometer systems demonstrate identical flow values in these samples for 5 differently labeled tracer microspheres which were administered in 5 dogs. The high sensitivity of the Ge-well-type detector together with a suitable technique for sampling of myocardial tissue accomplishes a high spatial resolution of myocardial perfusion for all available differently labeled tracer microspheres. PMID- 7115273 TI - High versus low pressure receptors in modulating the volumetric control of antidiuretic hormone secretion in the monkey. PMID- 7115275 TI - Ultrastructural changes in the human lung following cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - In order to assess the degree of the pathological changes presenting in the lungs of patients after elective cardiac operations in cardiopulmonary bypass and to determine their prognosis, lung biopsies were taken from the right lower lobe of 36 patients after extracorporeal circulation and studied ultrastructurally. Prepump biopsies from the same presenting anterior portion of the lower lobe of the lung served as controls. Perivascular and interstitial edema featured prominently. Intraalveolar edema and extravasated corpuscular blood elements were observed, too. Damages to the mitochondria and to the lamellar bodies and swelling of the endothelial and alveolar cells were major observations following cardiopulmonary bypass lasting more than 60 minutes. These changes were also prominent in those lungs presenting with severe edema and fibrosis. Many intact type-II pneumocytes presented with enhanced metabolic and secretory activities. Merocrine and apocrine secretions were observed after extracorporeal circulation. The alveoli of the postpump lungs contained numerous detached normal appearing type-II pneumocytes, in contrast to the paucity of such cells in the alveoli of the control biopsies. The prognosis for the patients depends on any one or combination of any of the following factors: the pathological changes present in the lungs prior to the extracorporeal circulation, the duration of the cardiopulmonary bypass, the rate of the elimination of the surfactant and finally the ability of the undamaged type-II pneumocytes to step up the synthesis and secretion of the surface acting agent. PMID- 7115277 TI - [2 cases of pelvic fracture in the horse]. PMID- 7115276 TI - The effect of coronary flow restriction on the viability of porcine myocardium. AB - The effect of a prolonged (3 hours) defined coronary flow restriction on early (30 minutes) and late (24 hours) reperfusability and survival of the myocardium was studied in a closed-chest pig model. Coronary blood flow (CBF) was restricted to 51 +/- 4% (moderate flow restriction) and 36 +/- 6% (severe flow restriction) of preexisting resting flow values. Regional determination of the restricted CBF after severe flow restriction showed the anticipated extension of the ischemic area from endocardial to epicardial layers and to the lateral border zone. Upon early reperfusion a hyperemic effect was observed, which reflected the preceding degree of underperfusion. The maximal hyperemic effect was found in samples with CBF restriction to 38% of the control flow values. Twenty-four hours after blood flow restitution the hyperemic effect had disappeared. At this time control flow values had not returned, where previous CBF restriction had exceeded 50%. The amount of infarcted tissue in the area supplied by the left circumflex artery was 5.7% after moderate, and 31.6% after severe flow restriction. Morphologically the infarcted myocardium consisted of disseminated necrosis after moderate, and of confluent necrosis after severe flow restriction. At flow restriction exceeding 50%, the chances of reestablishing perfusion and thus salvaging the myocardium appear minimal. PMID- 7115278 TI - [1st practical experience with the use of a synthetic beta-carotene by the breeding and prophylactic herd service for dairy cattle]. PMID- 7115279 TI - [Computerized study of vectorial loops and parameters in the ECG of the dog]. PMID- 7115280 TI - [Double contrasting of the bladder in dogs and cats]. PMID- 7115281 TI - A new genetic variation of the malate dehydrogenase-like enzyme (MDL-1) in inbred rats and its possible linkage. AB - A new polymorphism in the mitochondrial fraction of kidney homogenates was found by using discontinuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The polymorphism is tentatively designated MDL-1, since the enzyme was visualized with the staining solution for NADP-malate dehydrogenase (MOD) but differs from MOD. MDL-1 expresses three phenotypes: MDL-1A (fast), MDL-1AB (intermediate), and MDL-1B (slow). Progeny testing from genetic crosses indicates that its expression is determined by two codominant alleles, Mdl-1a and Mdl-1b, which segregate in a simple Mendelian fashion. Preliminary linkage data suggest that the locus for MDL 1 is probably linked to the nonagouti-agouti locus in rat linkage group IV. PMID- 7115282 TI - East Asian hemoglobin type (Hbbp) in wild populations of the house mouse in Israel. AB - Electrophoretic studies of hundreds of individuals showed that all wild populations of the house mouse in Israel are polymorphic for alleles Hbbd and Hbbp of the hemoglobin locus. No mouse carrying Hbbs was found. This finding contradicts the notion that Hbbp is limited to East Asian house mice. PMID- 7115283 TI - Sex-limited genetic variation in a mouse salivary protein. AB - This report describes a gene which influences the electrophoretic mobility of a protein in the salivas of adult mice. Three categories of phenotype have been observed: the two single-banded types, F (Fast) and S (Slow), and the two-banded type, SF (Slow-Fast), with the two bands represented in varying proportions. All females, regardless of age or strain, and all males before puberty show only the F phenotype. Males of the BALB/c and C57BL/6J strains show the F phenotype throughout puberty and adult life, whereas males of the C3H/St and C57BL/KsJ strains show the SF phenotype in puberty and the S phenotype in adult life. We have designated this variation the sex-limited saliva pattern (Ssp). The results from genetic crosses indicate that the variation among the strains is determined by an autosomal locus, Ssp, with two alleles, SspS and SspF, where SspS is dominant to SspF. Testosterone treatment can accelerate the acquisition of the S type in males of the strains C3H/St and C57BL/KsJ and also induces that phenotype in C3H/St females and C57BL/6J males. Thus it appears that the observed strain specific differences reflect a genetic variation in androgen levels and/or androgen sensitivity rather than variation in a structural gene. PMID- 7115284 TI - Linkage group IV of fish of the genus Xiphophorus (Poeciliidae): assignment of loci coding for pyruvate kinase-1, glucosephosphate isomerase-1, and isocitrate dehydrogenase-1. AB - Electrophoretic variation ascribable to three enzyme loci, coding for a pyruvate kinase (PK1), a glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI1), and an isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1), was observed in three species of fish of the genus Xiphophorus. Electrophoretic patterns in F1 hybrid heterozygotes confirmed the dimeric structures of GPI and IDH, and indicated a multimeric structure for pyruvate kinase. Variant alleles at the three loci exhibited normal Mendelian segregation in backcross hybrids. Linkage analyses indicate a gene order and estimated recombination of PK1--10%--GPI1--41%--IDH1. No significant interference or sex- or population-specific recombination difference was detected. This group (designated linkage group IV) was shown to assort independently from the nine loci comprising linkage groups I, II, and III and from 23 other informative markers, within the limits of the data. No conclusions with respect to homology of linkage relationships could be reached, due to the presence of presumably duplicated loci in these fish coding for isozymes whose homology with enzymes in other vertebrate species is as yet unestablished. PMID- 7115285 TI - Expression of beta-glucuronidase haplotypes in prototype and congenic mouse strains. AB - A gene complex consists of a structural gene with its associated regulatory information; together they behave as the functional and evolutionary unit of mammalian chromosomes. The use of congenic lines, in which alternate forms, or haplotypes, of a gene complex are transferred into a common genetic background by repeated backcrossing, provides a means of comparing the regulatory properties of different haplotypes of a gene complex without the complications introduced by extraneous genetic differences. We have now carried out such a study of the A, B, and H haplotypes of the beta-glucuronidase gene complex, [Gus], in mice. These haplotypes were derived from strains A/J, C57BL/6J, and C3H/HeJ and were compared against the C57BL/6J genetic background. Enzyme structure was compared in terms of charge (isoelectric point), stability (rate of thermal denaturation), substrate affinity (for 4 MU glucuronide), and antigenicity (reactivity with a standard antibody). Compared to the B form, the enzyme coded by the A haplotype has a lower isoelectric point, and that coded by the H haplotype is less stable. The decreased stability is the result of a lower activation energy for the thermal denaturation reaction. These differences were maintained in the congenic strains. All three enzyme forms showed identical substrate affinities. Antigenicity per enzyme unit was also identical for all three, indicating that none lacks an antigenic site possessed by the others and that they all possess the same catalytic activity per molecule. The expression of alleles of the Gus-t temporal locus within the gene complex was not affected by transfer into the C57BL/6 genetic background. The same developmental switches in enzyme activity were seen in each case. Transfer into the C57Bl/6 background also did not affect expression of the Gus-r regulator determining androgen inducibility of beta glucuronidase synthesis in kidney epithelial cells. However, enzyme accumulation in induced cells was altered when the haplotypes were transferred into the C57BL/6 genetic background. Since the rate of synthesis was not affected, it suggests that the genetic differences between strains that are not linked to the [Gus] complex affect the rate of enzyme loss by degradation or secretion. Beta Glucuronidase in liver is present in both lysosomes and endoplasmic reticulum (microsomes). The relative amount of enzyme at each site depended on both the indentity of the structural allele and the function of unlinked genetic modifiers. Within the C57BL/6 background the percentage of total enzyme present in the microsome fraction was the order A greater than B greater than H. For the H form of the enzyme the percentage was appreciably greater in the C3H genetic background compared to C57BL/6. As expected, then, the [Gus] complex contains all of the genetic determinants of enzyme structure detected by thermal stability and isoelectric point measurements... PMID- 7115287 TI - Identification of aneuploids in Nicotiana tabacum by isozyme banding patterns. AB - A biochemical system was devised to identify aneuploids of Nicotiana tabacum. Leaf tissue from 6 nullihaploids, 4 nullisomics, and 10 monosomics was analyzed electrophoretically on slab acrylamide gels. The staining systems used were for peroxidase, esterase, superoxide dismutase, malate dehydrogenase, and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase. Nullihaploids and nullisomics could be distinguished from each other and from haploid or disomic types by their unique isozyme banding patterns. The banding patterns of the monosomics closely resembled those of the disomic. Morphologically similar aneuploids from different populations had similar isozyme banding patterns. PMID- 7115286 TI - Kidney esterases of Mus musculus: further polymorphism of esterase-6, esterase-9, and a new esterase, esterase-20. AB - The comparison of results obtained by different separation and staining techniques permits the definition of esterase-6 in comparison with esterase-9 and a new esterase, esterase-20. Alleles of Es-6 affect the product's ability to aggregate. Esterase-20 may be an aggregated product of Es-9. The close linkage of Es-6 and Es-9 is confirmed. Homology of esterase-6 with esterases from other mammalian species is also suggested. PMID- 7115288 TI - Analysis of revertants of a ribosomal mutation in Podospora anserina: evidence for new ribosomal mutations which confer hypersensitivity to paromomycin. AB - This paper describes the analysis of cold-resistant revertants of a cold sensitive mutant. Pm1-1 is a ribosomal mutation screened for its paromomycin resistance. Suppression of its cold sensitivity occurs with two kinds of external mutations localized in two different loci. One of them, PmB, is assumed to be a ribosomal gene. PmB mutations confer hypersensitivity to paromomycin in vivo as well as in vitro in a cell-free protein synthesis system. PMID- 7115290 TI - Synthesis and application of chemically reactive proteins by the reversible modification of protein amino groups with exo-cis-3,6-endo-epoxy-4,5-cis epoxyhexahydrophthalic anhydride. AB - The reversible reaction of exo-cis-3,6-endo-epoxy-4,5-cis-epoxyhexahydrophthalic anhydride (EEHPA) with free protein amino groups is described. The free protein amino groups of lysozyme can be completely blocked through the reaction of the anhydride EEHPA. The chemically less reactive epoxy groups in EEHPA-modified lysozyme remain intact during modification of the protein and can be used for many subsequent chemical reactions. Hydrolysis of the modified inactive lysozyme at pH 2.5 results in deblocking and almost complete recovery of the enzymic activity of the protein. The epoxy groups in EEHPA-modified proteins have a great many potential uses: disaggregation of supramolecular structures, conversion of hydrophobic membrane proteins or tryptic peptides into water-soluble coloured proteins or peptides, inhibition of tryptic cleavage at lysine residues, synthesis of chemically reactive proteins or enzymes for affinity chromatography or immobilized-enzyme technology, two-dimensional separation techniques for complex protein mixtures, detection of specific protein-binding sites for organic substrates or tumour diagnostics, synthesis of defined artificial glycoproteins for biophysical and cytochemical studies and chemical synthesis of radioactively labelled proteins. PMID- 7115289 TI - Nonspecific esterases of Mus musculus. AB - Seventeen genes controlling the expression of carboxylic ester hydrolases, commonly known as esterases, have been identified in the mouse Mus musculus. Seven esterase loci are found on chromosome 8, where two clusters of esterase loci occur. It seems probable that the genes within these clusters have arisen from a common ancestral gene by tandem duplication. Close linkage of esterase genes is also found in the rat, rabbit, and prairie vole. Some mouse esterases appear to be homologous with certain human esterases. The function of these nonspecific enzymes is still unknown. PMID- 7115291 TI - Half-time analysis of the integrated Michaelis equation. Simulation and use of the half-time plot and its direct linear variant in the analysis of some alpha chymotrypsin, papain- and fumarase-catalysed reactions. AB - Substitution of half-time parameters in the integrated form of the Michaelis Menten equation for any enzyme-catalysed reaction yields an equation that gives a linear relationship between the half-time of the reaction and the substrate concentration at that point of the reaction. The logarithmic term of the integrated equation becomes a constant as a result of the substitution, which means that the use of the half-time plot of the equation requires calculation only of half-time and substrate-concentration values at various stages of the reaction. The half-time method is both simple and exact, being analogous to an [S(0)]/v(i) against [S(0)] plot. A direct linear form of the half-time plot has been devised that allows very simple estimation of Michaelis parameters and/or initial velocities from progress-curve data. This method involves no approximation and is statistically valid. Simulation studies have shown that linear-regression analysis of half-time plots provides unbiased estimates of the Michaelis parameters. Simulation of the effect of error in estimation of the product concentration at infinite time [P(infinity)] reveals that this is always a cause for concern, such errors being magnified approximately an order of magnitude in the estimate of the Michaelis constant. Both the half-time plot and the direct linear form have been applied to the analysis of a variety of experimental data. The method has been shown to produce excellent results provided certain simple rules are followed regarding criteria of experimental design. A set of rules has been formulated that, if followed, allows progress curve data to be acquired and analysed in a reliable fashion. It is apparent that the use of modern spectrophotometers in carefully designed experiments allows the collection of data characterized by low noise and accurate [P(infinity)] estimates. [P(infinity)] values have been found, in the present work, to be precise to within +/-0.2% and noise levels have always been below 0.1% (signal-to noise ratio approximately 1000). As a result of the considerations above, it is concluded that there is little to be feared with regard to the analysis of enzyme kinetics using complete progress curves, despite the generally lukewarm recommendations to be found in the literature. The saving in time, materials and experimental effort amply justify analysis of enzyme kinetics by progress-curve methods. Half-time plots linear to >/=90% of reaction have been obtained for some alpha-chymotrypsin-, papain- and fumarase-catalysed reactions. PMID- 7115292 TI - Identification of hepatic Z-protein in a marine elasmobranch, Platyrhinoides triseriata. AB - Previous studies were unable to identify Z-protein in elasmobranch liver with bromosulphophthalein as ligand. By using 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulphonate and Rose Bengal as ligands, however, we demonstrated in hepatic cytosol from Platyrhinoides triseriata an organic-anion-binding protein with gel-filtration characteristics identical with those of rat Z-protein. By comparison with pooled rat Z-protein, Pl. triseriata Z-protein had slightly lower affinity for 8 anilinonaphthalene-1-sulphonate and Rose Bengal, greatly decreased binding affinity for bromosulphophthalein and no binding activity for oleic acid or squalene. The Pl. triseriata Z-protein binding site was less hydrophobic than that of rat Z-protein. This observation may explain the differences in binding characteristics between the Z-proteins of these species. PMID- 7115293 TI - Lactate dehydrogenase in Phycomyces blakesleeanus. AB - 1. An NAD-specific L(+)-lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) from the mycelium of Phycomyces blakesleeanus N.R.R.L. 1555 (-) was purified approximately 700-fold. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 135,000-140,000. The purified enzyme gave a single, catalytically active, protein band after polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. It shows optimum activity between pH 6.7 and 7.5. 2. The Phycomyces blakesleeanus lactate dehydrogenase exhibits homotropic interactions with its substrate, pyruvate, and its coenzyme, NADH, at pH 7.5, indicating the existence of multiple binding sites in the enzyme for these ligands. 3. At pH 6.0, the enzyme shows high substrate inhibition by pyruvate. 3-hydroxypyruvate and 2-oxovalerate exhibit an analogous effect, whereas glyoxylate does not, when tested as substrates at the same pH. 4. At pH 7.5, ATP, which inhibits the enzyme, acts competitively with NADH and pyruvate, whereas at pH 6.0 and low concentrations of ATP it behaves in a allosteric manner as inhibitor with respect to NADH, GTP, however, has no effect under the same experimental conditions. 5. Partially purified enzyme from sporangiophores behaves in entirely similar kinetic manner as the one exhibited by the enzyme from mycelium. PMID- 7115294 TI - Influence of pH on the allosteric properties of lactate dehydrogenase activity of Phycomyces blakesleeanus. AB - 1. Lactate dehydrogenase from mycelium of Phycomyces blakesleeanus showed positive homotropic interactions with NADH at all pH values studied (pH 5.0-7.7). The calculated values for the first and last intrinsic association constants remained unaltered with pH, in contrast with the Hill coefficient value, which varied significantly, reaching its maximum values at pH 6.0 and 7.7. This suggests the hypothesis that pH regulates these homotropic effects by changes in the value of the intermediate intrinsic association constants. 2. From pH 7.2 to 7.7 lactate dehydrogenase exhibited, likewise, positive homotropic interactions with pyruvate. There were practically no changes in the first and last intrinsic association constants and in Hill coefficient values with pH. At pH values below 7.2 (pH 5.0-6.8) the enzyme showed high substrate inhibition, which was highly dependent on pH, NADH concentration and temperature. By way of substrate inhibition pH regulates, primarily, lactate dehydrogenase activity towards pyruvate, since the homotropic effects appear not to be dependent on pH. 3. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is a true allosteric effector of lactate dehydrogenase of Phycomyces blakesleeanus. it decreases positive co-operativity with NADH, and on the other hand pyruvate co-operativity turns into mixed co-operativity. In addition, the effector decreases the inhibitory effect caused by pyruvate. PMID- 7115295 TI - The quaternary structure of wheat-germ aspartate transcarbamoylase. AB - 1. The molecular mass of aspartate transcarbamoylase purified from wheat germ was found to be 101kDa by sucrose-density-gradient centrifugation, 103kDa by gel filtration chromatography and 108kDa by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. A mean value of 104 +/- 11kDa was obtained by pooling several replicate results from each method. 2. Polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate indicated a single size of polypeptide chain of mean molecular mass 37 +/- 4kDa. The ratio of the mean molecular masses of the active and denatured enzymes is 2.8.3. When the active enzyme was covalently cross-linked at a low protein concentration by dimethyl suberimidate, and then examined electrophoretically under denaturing conditions, three size species were observed to predominate, of apparent molecular masses 36, 77 and 106kDa respectively. 4. These results indicate that the intact, fully regulatory enzyme is a simple trimer, slightly larger than the trimeric "catalytic subunit' of the aspartate transcarbamoylase from Escherichia coli [Weber (1968) Nature (London) 218, 1116 1118]. The prevalence of trimeric structures amongst carbamoyl-transferase enzymes is discussed. PMID- 7115296 TI - Isoelectric points of erabutoxins and monoacyl derivatives of erabutoxin b. Estimation of the pK values of amino groups in erabutoxins by using isoelectric focusing data. AB - The isoelectric points of erabutoxins a, b and c, neurotoxic proteins of a sea snake, Laticauda semifasciata, were determined by density-gradient isoelectric focusing. The same measurement was also made with monoacyl derivatives of erabutoxin b, in which each one of all amino groups had been either acetylated or propionylated. Erabutoxins a and b showed the same isoelectric point at pH 9.68. The values for ]1-N alpha-acetyl-arginine]-, [15-N6-acetyl-lysine]-, [27-N6 acetyl-lysine]-, [47-N6-propionyl-lysine]- and [51-N6-acetyl-lysine]-erabutoxin b were at pH 9.52, 9.31, 9.45, 9.22 and 9.09 respectively, being definitely different from each other and lower than the value for the unmodified molecule. The isoelectric point of erabutoxin c, which is [51-asparagine]-erabutoxin b, was the same as that of [51-N6-acetyl-lysine]erabutoxin b. Assuming that no change in pK occurs on monoacylation, the pK values of amino groups in erabutoxin b were calculated from the isoelectric-point data. It is indicated that the pK values of zeta-amino groups differ markedly from each other and that the value of alpha amino group is anomalously high. PMID- 7115297 TI - Chemical properties of the N-termini of human haemoglobin. AB - The chemical properties, namely pK and reactivity, of the N-termini of oxyhaemoglobin and deoxyhaemoglobin toward acetic anhydride and 1-fluoro-2,4 dinitrobenzene (Dnp-F) were determined by the competitive-labelling approach [Kaplan, Stevenson & Hartley, (1971) Biochem. J. 124, 289-229; Duggleby & Kaplan (1975) Biochemistry 14, 5168-5175]. At physiological pH and temperature, the valine-1 alpha and valine-1-beta amino groups had unusually low pK values, but showed only minimal changes in their pK values on deoxygenation. Between pH 7.5 and pH 8.0 a deviation was observed in the pH-reactivity profiles and the apparent pK values became markedly pH-dependent. It was found that Dnp-F, but not acetic anhydride, had an abnormally high reactivity toward the N-termini. It is concluded that the valine-1 alpha and valine-1 beta N-termini make little or no contribution to the alkaline Bohr effect at physiological pH values. The high reactivity toward Dnp-F is attributed to an interaction or binding near the N terminal region, and the discontinuity in the pH-reactivity profile at moderate alkaline pH values to a conformational change which alters the environment of these groups. PMID- 7115298 TI - The rates of formation and dissociation of actin-myosin complexes. Effects of solvent, temperature, nucleotide binding and head-head interactions. AB - The rates of formation and dissociation of actin-subfragment 1 and actin-heavy mero-myosin complexes were measured by using light-scatter and the change in fluorescence of N-iodoacetyl-N'-(5-sulpho-1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine (IAEDANS) labelled acting as probes. Association rate measurements were made at low protein concentration, where the transients approximated to single exponentials with rate constants proportional to the concentration of reactant in excess. Dissociation rate measurements were made by displacing IAEDANS-actin from myosin with excess native actin and by a salt jump. The second-order rate constant of association for actin-subfragment 1 was 3 x 10(6) M-1 . s-1 in 60 mM-KCl at 13 degree C. It was decreased 10-fold in 500 mM-KCl and in 50% (v/v) glycol. It was decreased 6 fold when MgADP or Mg[beta gamma-imido]ATP bound to myosin. The dissociation rate constant was 0.012 s-1 in 60 mM-KCl at 13 degree C. It was increased 4-fold by 500 mM-KCl, 25-fold by 50% glycol, 8-fold by MgADP binding and 170-fold by Mg[beta gamma-imido]ATP binding. Ea for association was 70 kJ . mol-1 and for dissociation 35 kJ . mol-1. Heavy meromyosin associated at twice the rate observed for subfragment 1 and dissociated at less than one-twentieth of the rate for subfragment 1 (60 mM-KCl, 25 degree C), but when Mg[beta gamma-imido]ATP bound actin-heavy meromyosin dissociated at one-half the rate for subfragment 1. There were significant correlations between increase in the dissociation rate constant, decrease in binding constant and increase in magnitude of conformational change. The association rate constant did not correlate with any property of the actin-myosin complex. PMID- 7115299 TI - Simplified isolation and molecular composition of NADH dehydrogenase of the respiratory chain. AB - A simplified procedure for the isolation of NADH dehydrogenase from the inner membrane of ox heart mitochondria is presented which permits relatively rapid preparation of the enzyme in a more stable form than that afforded by published methods. The protein thus isolated displays more than eight different subunits in gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions, three of which are also present in the "low-molecular-weight form' of the enzyme prepared under more drastic conditions. Complex I contains several subunits, mostly of low molecular weight, not seen in soluble purified NADH dehydrogenase. It is suggested that some of these may be 'binding peptides' necessary in linking NADH dehydrogenase to ubiquinone reduction, analogously to the role of small peptides in linking succinate dehydrogenase to ubiquinone. The dehydrogenase isolated by the rapid method contains equimolar amounts of non-haem iron and labile sulphur, but on further manipulation non-haem iron (but no labile sulphur) is lost, resulting in ratios of S/Fe in excess of unity, as previously reported for preparations isolated by longer procedures. PMID- 7115302 TI - Suggestion to research groups working on protein and peptide sequence. PMID- 7115300 TI - Phenolic components of the primary cell wall. Feruloylated disaccharides of D galactose and L-arabinose from spinach polysaccharide. AB - 1. Cell walls from rapidly growing cell suspension cultures of Spinacia oleracea L. contained ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid esterified with a water-insoluble polymer. 2. Prolonged treatment with trypsin did not release may feruloyl esters from dearabinofuranosylated cell walls, and the polymer was also insoluble in phenol/acetic acid/water (2:1:1, w/v/v). 3. Treatment of the cell walls with the fungal hydrolase preparation "Driselase' did liberate low-Mr feruloyl esters. The major esters were 4-O-(6-O-feruloyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-D-galactose and 3?-O feruloyl-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl)-L-arabinose. These two esters accounted for about 60% of the cell-wall ferulate. 4. It is concluded that the feruloylation of cell-wall polymers is not a random process, but occurs at very specific sites, probably on the arabinogalactan component of pectin. 5. The possible role of such phenolic substituents in cell-wall architecture and growth is discussed. PMID- 7115301 TI - Analysis and separation of natural and synthetic mixtures of uroporphyrins by high-pressure liquid chromatography. AB - A new method for the quantitative analysis of mixtures of the methyl esters of uroporphyrins I and III was developed; this can be applied both to the analysis of naturally occurring uroporphyrins and also to their semi-preparative isolation. PMID- 7115303 TI - Isolation and characterization of lung connective-tissue glycoproteins. AB - 1. Glycoproteins of hamster, rat and baboon lung parenchyma were investigated by using [14C]glucosamine incorporation in vitro followed by sequential extraction of the macromolecular components and characterization of the glycoproteins in the extracts. 2. Slices of lung parenchyma maintained in vitro incorporated [U 14C]glucosamine linearly with time into non-diffusible macromolecules for up to 5h. All the macromolecule-associated 14C label was present as [14C]glucosamine. 3. These 14C-labelled macromolecules were extracted from previously delipidated and salt-extracted lung by 5M-guanidinium chloride in the presence of dithiothreitol and proteinase inhibitors before (extract A1) and after (extract A2) hydrolysis of the collagen by collagenase. The [14C]glucosamine-labelled glycoproteins in extracts A1 and A2 contained 55 and 5% respectively of the total [14C]glucosamine incorporated in the lung of all three species studied. 4. The [14C]glucosamine-labelled glycoproteins were analysed by gel-filtration chromatography, sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. The major [14C]glucosamine-labelled glycoproteins of baboon lung parenchyma had apparent mol.wts. of about 400 000, 140 000 and 65 000 with isoelectric points respectively of 4.8, 5.4 and 5.4. The hamster lung glycoproteins with isoelectric points of 4.1 and 5.8 were devoid of hydroxyproline and contained galactose, mannose and N-acetylglucosamine. These experiments indicate that several distinct glycoproteins are synthesized in situ by the cells of pulmonary parenchyma and may well play a role in its structure and function. PMID- 7115304 TI - Kinetic properties of highly purified preparations of sheep liver cytoplasmic aldehyde dehydrogenase. AB - The kinetic properties of highly purified preparations of sheep liver cytoplasmic aldehyde dehydrogenase (preparations that had been shown to be free from contamination with the corresponding mitochondrial enzyme) were investigated with both propionaldehyde and butyraldehyde as substrates. At low aldehyde concentrations, double-reciprocal plots with aldehyde as the variable substrate are linear, and the mechanism appears to be ordered, with NAD+ as the first substrate to bind. Stopped-flow experiments following absorbance and fluorescence changes show bursts of NADH production in the pre-steady state, but the observed course of reaction depends on the pre-mixing conditions. Pre-mixing enzyme with NAD+ activates the enzyme in the pre-steady state and we suggest that the reaction mechanism may involve isomeric enzyme--NAD+ complexes. High concentrations of aldehyde in steady-state experiments produce significant activation (about 3-fold) at high concentrations of NAD+, but inhibition at low concentrations of NAD+. Such behaviour may be explained by postulating the participation of an abortive complex in product release. Stopped-flow measurements at high aldehyde concentrations indicate that the mechanism of reaction under these conditions is complex. PMID- 7115305 TI - Chromatography of plasma proteins on immobilized Cibacron Blue F3-GA. Mechanism of the molecular interaction. AB - Fractionation of plasma proteins on immobilized Cibacron Blue F3-GA (Affi-gel Blue) under different conditions of pH, ionic strength and temperature was studied. At acidic pH the unbound proteins were eluted in order of increasing pI (the Affi-gel Blue behaving as ion-exchanger); at basic pH and at low ionic strength they were eluted in order of decreasing molecular weight (separation by diffusion-exclusion). For the proteins that were either retarded in comparison with substances of similar molecular characteristics, or that were bound to the resin, pseudo-ligand affinity or hydrophobic interactions were also implicated. PMID- 7115306 TI - Interactions of tubulin and microtubule-associated proteins. Conformation and stability of the oligomeric species from glycerol-cycled microtubule protein of bovine brain. AB - 1. The conformation of bovine microtubule protein prepared by cycles of assembly and disassembly in the presence of glycerol has been studied by near-u.v. circular dichroism (c.d.) over a range of protein concentrations. The effects on the conformational properties of ionic strength and of a pH range from 6 to 7.5 have been correlated with the known oligomeric composition of microtubule protein preparations, as determined by the sedimentation behaviour of this preparation [Bayley, Charlwood, Clark & Martin (1982) Eur. J. Biochem.121, 579-585]. 2. The formation of 30S oligomeric ring species, either by decreasing ionic strength at pH6.5 or by changing pH in the presence of 0.1m-NaCl, correlates with a significant change in tubulin c.d. Formation of 18S oligomer by changing pH at ionic strength 0.2 produced no comparable effect. The c.d. of tubulin dimer itself is not affected by ionic strength and pH over the same range. 3. The results are interpreted as a small conformational adjustment between tubulin and specific microtubule-associated proteins on forming 30S oligomeric species, due to interaction with the high-molecular-weight-group proteins. The possible significance of this is discussed with respect to microtubule assembly in vitro. 4. By using this conformational parameter, together with equilibrium and kinetic light-scattering studies, the sensitivity of glycerol-cycled microtubule protein to dilution is shown to be strongly pH-dependent, the oligomers being much more stable at pH6.4 than at pH6.9. 5. Oligomeric complexes of tubulin with microtubule-associated proteins show marked stability under conditions similar to those for efficient microtubule assembly in vitro. Oligomeric material therefore must be incorporated directly during assembly in vitro from microtubule protein. PMID- 7115307 TI - Neutral complexes as oxidants for the reduced form of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) [2Fe--2S] ferredoxin. Evidence for partial blocking by redox-inactive Cr(III) complexes. AB - The 1 : 1 reactions of three neutral Co(III) oxidants, Co(acac)3, Co(NH3)3(NO2)3 and Co(acac)2(NH3)(NO2), with reduced parsley (Petroselinum crispum) [2Fe--2S] ferredoxin (which carries a substantial negative charge), have been studied at 25 degrees C, pH 8.0 (Tris/HCl), I0.10 (NaCl). Whereas it has previously been demonstrated that with Co(NH3)6+ as oxidant the reaction if completely blocked by redox-inactive Cr(NH3)63+, the neutral oxidants are only partially blocked by this same complex. The effects of three Cr(III) complexes, Cr(NH3)63+%, Cr(en)33+ and (en)2Cr . mu(OH,O2CCH3) . CR(en)24+ have been investigated. Kinetic data for the response of 3+, neutral, as well as 1--oxidants to the presence of 3+ (and 4+) Cr(III) complexes can now be rationalized in terms of a single functional site on the protein for electron transfer. Electrostatics have a significant influence on association at this site. PMID- 7115308 TI - Tubulin carbamoylation. Functional amino groups in microtubule assembly. AB - The characteristics of the carbamoylation of pig brain tubulin were examined by using the modification conditions with cyanate described previously [Mellado, Slebe + Maccioni (1980) Biochem. Int. I, 584--590]. The carbamoylation reaction resulted in an inhibition of microtubule assembly, which was dependent on the concentration of the modifying agent. This tubulin modification appears to inhibit the growth of microtubules. The presence of GTP did not protect tubulin against this inhibition. Electron microscopy showed a marked decrease in the number of tubules after carbamoylation, but no alterations were observed in the microtubule morphology. The incorporation of KN14CO into alpha- and beta-subunits with similar kinetics was also shown, and the carbamoylated residues were identified as epsilon-N-carbamoyl-lysine residues. PMID- 7115309 TI - Isolation and biochemical characterization of the tryptic fragments of bovine nasal-cartilage proteoglycan monomer of high buoyant density. AB - Relatively homogeneous fractions of proteoglycan fragments were prepared from tryptic digests of the 4M-guanidinium chloride extract of bovine nasal cartilage. Glycosaminoglycan-containing fragments were separated from non-proteoglycan contaminants by ion-exchange chromatography and fractionated by equilibrium density-gradient centrifugation under dissociative conditions. The fractions of highest buoyant density were chromatographed on a column of Sepharose 4B, digested with chondroitinase ABC and chromatographed on a column of Sepharose 6B, yielding two distinct fractions: fraction B/6B-4 contained fragments from the chondroitin sulphate-bearing region of the proteoglycan monomer, and fraction B/6B-2 fragments from the keratan sulphate-rich region, most probably including a chondroitin sulphate-bearing monomer segment. By dansyl chloride analysis, fraction B/6B-2 had alanine and leucine as sole and fraction B/6B-4 had isoleucine and leucine as greatly predominant N-terminal amino acids, indicative of the relative homogeneity of these preparations of cartilage proteoglycan monomer fragments. PMID- 7115311 TI - Kinetics of Vibrio cholerae sialidase action on gangliosidic substrates at different supramolecular-organizational levels. AB - G(d1a), G(d1b) and G(t1b) gangliosides were dispersed in the following membrane mimicking systems: (a) homogeneous micelles; (b) mixed micelles with G(m1) ganglioside (which is resistant to the enzyme action), Triton X-100 or bovine serum albumin; (c) small unilamellar vesicles of egg phosphatidylcholine. The effect of dispersion on sialic acid release by Vibrio cholerae sialidase was studied. As reference substrates freely interacting with the enzyme the lipid free carbohydrates of G(d1a) and 3'-sialosyl-lactose were employed. The apparent V(max.) of the enzyme was, with all the gangliosides, dependent on the type of ganglioside dispersion. It was lowest for homogeneous micelles and mixed micelles with ganglioside G(m1), and increased about 6-fold for ganglioside/bovine serum albumin lipoprotein micelles, 15-fold for mixed-ganglioside/Triton X-100 micelles (optimal molar ratio 1:7.5) and 30-fold for phosphatidylcholine vesicles containing 2.5 mol% ganglioside (this proportion was optimal for enzyme activity on the vesicles). For ganglioside G(d1a), the activity on Triton X-100 mixed micelles and on mixed vesicles was even greater (3- and 6-fold respectively) than that displayed on G(d1a) lipid-free carbohydrate. With each of the used gangliosides the apparent K(m) values were very similar values for homogeneous micelles and vesicular dispersions, but showed marked increases for Triton X-100 mixed micelles, approaching the values exhibited by reference oligosaccharides. Triton X-100 micelles and phosphatidylcholine vesicles did not appreciably alter the kinetics of sialidase action on 3'-sialosyl-lactose and on G(d1a) lipid-free carbohydrate, indicating that the above effects are dependent on the intrinsic characteristics of the membrane-like systems containing gangliosides. PMID- 7115310 TI - The characterization of lipoprotein lipase isolated from the post-heparin plasma of the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson. AB - 1. Intravenous injection of heparin into the trout resulted in the appearance in the plasma of a lipase with the properties of lipoprotein lipase. 2. The enzyme was purified to apparent electrophoretic homogeneity by means of heparin Sepharose affinity chromatography. The enzyme was eluted with 1.5 M-NaCl and had a specific activity approx. 450-fold that of the post-heparin plasma. 3. The activity of the purified enzyme was inhibited by 1.0 M-NaCl and protamine sulphate and was stimulated between 3- and 8.8-fold by the addition of trout plasma. 4. The activity was strongly stimulated by trout very low density lipoproteins and to a lesser extent by high density lipoproteins. 5. The isolated enzyme fraction gave a single band on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and had an apparent subunit M4 of 63 000. 6. These results suggest that the uptake of lipid by the tissues in the trout can occur by a process similar to that in mammals. PMID- 7115312 TI - Further studies of the action of disulfiram and 2,2'-dithiodipyridine on the dehydrogenase and esterase activities of sheep liver cytoplasmic aldehyde dehydrogenase. AB - 1. Pre-modification of cytoplasmic aldehyde dehydrogenase by disulfiram results in the same extent of inactivation when the enzyme is subsequently assayed as a dehydrogenase or as an esterase. 2. 4-Nitrophenyl acetate protects the enzyme against inactivation by disulfiram, particularly well in the absence of NAD+. Some protection is also provided by chloral hydrate and indol-3-ylacetaldehyde (in the absence of NAD+). 3. When disulfiram is prevented from reacting at its usual site by the presence of 4-nitrophenyl acetate, it reacts elsewhere on the enzyme molecule without causing inactivation. 4. Enzyme in the presence of aldehyde and NAD+ is not at all protected against disulfiram. It is proposed that, under these circumstances, disulfiram reacts with the enzyme-NADH complex formed in the enzyme-catalysed reaction. 5. Modification by disulfiram results in a decrease in the amplitude of the burst of NADH formation during the dehydrogenase reaction, as well as a decrease in the steady-state rate. 6. 2,2' Dithiodipyridine reacts with the enzyme both in the absence and presence of NAD+. Under the former circumstances the activity of the enzyme is little affected, but when the reaction is conducted in the presence of NAD+ the enzyme is activated by approximately 2-fold and is then relatively insensitive to the inactivatory effect of disulfiram. 7. Enzyme activated by 2,2'-dithiodipyridine loses most of its activity when stored over a period of a few days at 4 degrees C, or within 30 min when treated with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate. 8. Points for and against the proposal that the disulfiram-sensitive groups are catalytically essential are discussed. PMID- 7115313 TI - Conformational aspects of N-glycosylation of proteins. Studies with linear and cyclic peptides as probes. AB - Conformational aspects of N-glycosylation of glycoproteins have been studied by using a series of peptides which contained, in addition to the ;marker sequence' Asn-Gly-Thr, two cysteine residues in various positions of the peptide chain. The presence of two cysteines permitted a partial fixation of the above triplet sequence in cyclic structures of various size by intramolecular disulphide bond formation. Comparison of the glycosyl acceptor properties of the linear peptides and their corresponding cyclic analogues allows the following statements. The considerably lower acceptor capabilities of the cyclic derivatives indicate that the restriction of rotational degrees of freedom imposed by disulphide bonding results in a conformation which hinders a favourable interaction of the peptide substrate with the N-glycosyltransferase. On the other hand, the glycosylation rate of linear peptides increases with increasing chain length, suggesting that the amino acids on both the N- and C-terminal side of the ;marker sequence' may contribute to a considerable extent to the induction of an ;active' conformation. Realization of a potential sugar attachment site requires a hydrogen bond interaction within the ;marker sequence' between the oxygen of threonine (serine) as the hydrogen bond acceptor and the beta-amide of asparagine as the donor [Bause & Legler (1981) Biochem. J.195, 639-644]. This interaction is obviously facilitated when the peptide chain can adopt a conformation which resembles a beta-turn or other loop structure. The available experimental and statistical data are discussed in terms of possible structural features for N-glycosylation, with the aid of space-filling models. PMID- 7115314 TI - A circular-dichroism study of epidermolytic toxins A and B from Staphylococcus aureus. AB - The far-u.v. circular-dichroism spectra of the two epidermolytic toxins was analysed into fractional contributions of 0.09 helix and 0.46 beta-sheet to each toxin structure. Trifluoroethanol perturbation caused an initial increase in dichroic absorption at 205 nm and then a change characterized as a beta-sheet-to alpha-helix transition. The intense near-u.v. spectra suggested that the toxins have unusually rigid, though different, aromatic-side-chain arrangements. PMID- 7115315 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of rat duodenal-gland (Brunner's-gland) mucus glycoprotein. AB - A mucus glycoprotein was isolated from the duodenal glands of the rat and purified by repeated density-gradient centrifugation. The characterized glycoprotein is unique to the mucous cells of the duodenal glands and is not present in parts of the small intestine devoid of these glands. The chemical composition of the purified glycoprotein is characteristic for glycoproteins of the mucin-type. Its protein content is relatively high and amount to 35% by weight. No neuraminic acid and little sulphate (2%) is present. Evidence is presented that the native glycoprotein is built up from subunits held together via disulphide bridges in a non-glycosylated region of the protein core. PMID- 7115316 TI - The purification and some properties of a stereospecific D-asparaginase from an extremely thermophilic bacterium, Thermus aquaticus. AB - A specific D-asparaginase was isolated and crystallized from Thermus aquaticus strain T351. It is present in larger amounts than the L-asparaginase. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 60 000, an isoelectric point of 4.8 and a Km of 2 mM. It has 6 disulphide bonds/molecule, and a histidine residue at the active site. It is inhibited by keto acids and by high salt concentrations. PMID- 7115317 TI - Stoichiometry of oxygen consumption in the biosynthesis of isopenicillin from a tripeptide. AB - The biosynthesis of isopenicillin N from delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl D-valine in a cell-free system has been correlated wih O2 consumption by two methods, involving the use of an oxygen-electrode and an n.m.r. spectrometer respectively. The results are consistent with a 1 : 1 stoichiometric ratio for the dioxygen consumed to the isopenicillin N formed. PMID- 7115318 TI - The effects of lactoyl-pepstatin and the pepsin inhibitor peptide on pig cathepsin D. AB - Lactoyl-pepstatin (an acylated tetrapeptide) is much more readily soluble in aqueous media than the more common isovaleryl- and acetyl-pepstatins (acylated pentapeptides). However, the K1 value for inhibition of cathepsin D by lactoyl pepstatin at pH 3.5 is approx. 10(-7) M, some two to three orders of magnitude weaker than has been obtained previously for isovaleryl- or acetyl-pepstatins. One of the peptides released during activation of pig pepsinogen is known to be an effective inhibitor of pig pepsin, but it does not alter the activity of the similar aspartic proteinase, pig cathepsin D. PMID- 7115319 TI - Decrease in hepatic cytochrome P-450 by cobalt. Evidence for a role of cobalt protoporphyrin. AB - Exposure of cultured chick-embryo hepatocytes to increasing concentrations of CoCl2 in the presence of allylisopropylacetamide results in formation of cobalt protoporphyrin, with a reciprocal decrease in haem and cytochrome P-450. Treatment of rats with CoCl2 (84 mumol/kg) and 5-aminolaevulinate (0.2 mmol/kg) also results in formation of cobalt protoporphyrin and a decrease in cytochrome P 450 in the liver. Hepatic microsomal fractions from rats treated with phenobarbital, CoCl2 and 5-aminolaevulinate were analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Cobalt protoporphyrin was associated mainly with proteins of 50000-53000 mol.wt. The results suggest that the formation of cobalt protoporphyrin occurred at the expense of the synthesis of haem, leading to a decrease in cytochrome P-450. Furthermore, the cobalt protoporphyrin that was formed may itself have been incorporated into apocytochrome P-450. PMID- 7115320 TI - Foetomaternal relationships of serum bile acid pattern estimated by high-pressure liquid chromatography. AB - The bile acid patterns in the maternal and umbilical vein and artery serum samples were analysed by a two-step chromatographic method involving group separation by piperidinohydroxypropyl-Sephadex LH-20 and high-pressure liquid chromatography using immobilized 3 alpha-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase. Glycochenodeoxycholate predominates in the maternal blood and taurochenodeoxycholate in the umbilical blood. In cases where a free bile acid was detected in the maternal blood, the same bile acid was also demonstrated in the corresponding cord blood. The concentrations of taurocholate and taurochenodeoxycholate were found to be significantly higher in the umbilical artery than in the corresponding umbilical vein. Our data suggest that there is a bidirectional placental transfer of free bile acids and that there is a transfer of taurine-conjugated primary bile acids from the foetus to the mother. PMID- 7115321 TI - Evidence that peroxisomal acyl-CoA synthetase is located at the cytoplasmic side of the peroxisomal membrane. AB - 1. Subfractionation by isopycnic density-gradient centrifugation in self generating Percoll gradients of peroxisome-rich fractions prepared by differential centrifugation confirmed the presence of acyl-CoA synthetase in peroxisomes. Peroxisomes did not contain nicotinamide or adenine nucleotides other than CoA. 2. The gradient fractions most enriched in peroxisomes were pooled and the peroxisomes sedimented by centrifugation, resulting in a 50-fold purified peroxisomal preparation as revealed by marker enzyme analysis. 3. Palmitate oxidation by intact purified peroxisomes was CoA-dependent, whereas palmitoyl-CoA oxidation was not, demonstrating that the peroxisomal CoA was available for the thiolase reaction, located in the peroxisomal matrix, but not for acyl-CoA synthetase. This suggests that the latter enzyme is located at the cytoplasmic side of the peroxisomal membrane. 4. Additional evidence for this location of peroxisomal acyl-CoA synthetase was as follows. Mechanical disruption of purified peroxisomes resulted in the release of catalase from the broken organelles, but not of acyl-CoA synthetase, indicating that the enzyme was membrane-bound. Acyl-CoA synthetase was not latent, despite the fact that at least one of its substrates appears to have a limited membrane permeability, as evidenced by the presence of CoA in purified peroxisomes. Finally, Pronase, a proteinase that does not penetrate the peroxisomal membrane, almost completely inactivated the acyl-CoA synthetase of intact peroxisomes. PMID- 7115322 TI - The hydrolysis of nicotinamide adenine nucleotide by brush border membranes of rat intestine. AB - The hydrolysis of NAD by rat intestine was studied to determine the subcellular site of this hydrolysis and to identify the niacin-containing products that are formed. Using [nicotinamide-14C]NAD as substrate, and high pressure liquid chromatography for identification and quantification of products, the present study demonstrates two independent reactions for the hydrolysis of NAD; one that forms nicotinamide through hydrolysis of the ribosyl-pyridinium bond and one that forms nicotinamide mononucleotide through the hydrolysis of the pyrophosphate bond. The nicotinamide mononucleotide is subsequently dephosphorylated to nicotinamide riboside. Enzymes which release nicotinamide mononucleotide and nicotinamide riboside are associated with the brush border membrane as determined by analysis of fractionated intestinal homogenates. The enzyme activity which releases nicotinamide from NAD is associated with the brush border membrane fraction and also with a second cellular particulate fraction. Between pH5 and pH6 NAD is hydrolysed principally to nicotinamide. At pH 7.0 rates of nicotinamide and nicotinamide mononucleotide formation are the same. Above pH 7.0 the formation of nicotinamide mononucleotide is preferred. PMID- 7115323 TI - A serum protein inhibitor of acid lipase and its possible role in lipid accumulation in cultured fibroblasts. AB - Histochemical examination of L929 fibroblasts indicates massive accumulation of intracellular lipids in cells grown in medium supplemented with 10% calf serum. The present study suggests that the accumulation of triacylglycerols in these cells may be due to the inhibition of acid lipase activity by a serum component present in the culture medium. This is based on the following observations. (a) Acid lipase appears to be the major intracellular enzyme responsible for triacylglycerol catabolism in L929 cells. (b) The acid lipase is strongly inhibited by either human of calf serum. Several lines of evidence show that the inhibitor is a serum protein: it is heat-labile, non-dialysable and is destroyed by trypsin. It is present mainly in Cohn's fraction IV and has mol.wt. approx. 50000. (c) Lipid accumulation in intact cells is reduced when cells are grown on a limited supply of serum (2%) and is elevated by the addition of Cohn's fraction IV, freed of lipoproteins, to the growth medium. PMID- 7115325 TI - Binding of branched-chain 2-oxo acids to bovine serum albumin. AB - 1. Binding of branched-chain 2-oxo acids to defatted bovine serum albumin was shown by gel chromatography and equilibrium dialysis. 2. Equilibrium-dialysis data suggest a two-side model for binding in Krebs-Henseleit saline at 37 degrees C with n1 = 1 and n2 = 5. Site association constants were: 4-methyl-2 oxovalerate, k1 = 8.7 x 10(3) M-1, k2 = 0.09 x 10(3) M-1; 3-methyl-2-oxovalerate, k1 = 9.8 x 10(3) M-1, k2 = 0.08 x 10(3) M-1; 3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate, k1 = 1.27 x 10(3) M-1, k2 = less than 0.05 x 10(3) M-1. 3. Binding of 4-methyl-2-oxovalerate to defatted albumin in a phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.4, gave the following thermodynamic parameters: primary site delta H0(1) = -28.6kJ . mol-1 and delta S0(1) = -15.2J . mol-1 . K-1 (delta G0(1) = -24.0kJ . mol-1 at 37 degrees C) and secondary sites delta H0(2) = -25.4kJ . mol-1 and delta S0(2) = -46.1J . mol-1 . K-1 (delta G0(1) = -11.2kJ . mol-1 at 37 degrees C). Thus binding at both sites is temperature-dependent and increases with decreasing temperature. 4. Inhibition studies suggest that 4-methyl-2-oxovalerate may associate with defatted albumin at a binding site for medium-chain fatty acids. 5. Binding of the 2-oxo acids in bovine, rat and human plasma follows a similar pattern to binding to defatted albumin. The proportion bound in bovine and human plasma is much higher than in rat plasma. 6. Binding to plasma protein, and not active transport, explains the high concentration of branched-chain 2-oxo acids leaving rat skeletal muscle relative to the concentration within the tissue, but does not explain the 2-oxo acid concentration gradient between plasma and liver. PMID- 7115324 TI - Role of glycerol 3-phosphate and glycerophosphate acyltransferase in the nutritional control of hepatic triacylglycerol synthesis. AB - 1. Glycerol 3-phosphate content of isolated hepatocytes from starved rats and of glycogen-depleted hepatocytes from fed rats was low and severely limited triacylglycerol synthesis. 2. Raising the glycerol 3-phosphate content by addition of precursors to the cells resulted in a hyperbolic-like relationship between triacylglycerol synthesis and cellular glycerol 3-phosphate content. Statistical analysis of the curves showed no significant differences between the nutritional states either at saturating or at subsaturating glycerol 3-phosphate content. 3. V(max.) of glycerophosphate acyltransferase measured in homogenized hepatocytes was decreased by 30-40% in starvation. There was no change in apparent K(m) for glycerol 3-phosphate. Since at saturating glycerol 3-phosphate content esterification rates in hepatocytes of both nutritional states were identical, the enzyme is not limiting esterification under this condition. 4. At subsaturating glycerol 3-phosphate content the flux through glycerophosphate acyltransferase necessarily limits esterification. Therefore one would expect a decrease in esterification in starvation under this condition. This was the case when triacylglycerol synthesis was plotted against intracellular glycerol 3 phosphate concentration, calculated from the cellular glycerol 3-phosphate content and the intracellular water space, which was smaller in hepatocytes from starved rats. 5. The data obtained in hepatocytes were extrapolated to the intact liver by using the number of parenchymal cells per g of liver as determined from marker-enzyme analysis and the liver weight per 100g body weight. The extrapolation suggested that glycerol 3-phosphate is limiting esterification in vivo for contents below 0.3-0.4 and 0.5-0.65mumol/g for livers from fed and starved animals respectively. Also for a given fatty acid load and a glycerol 3 phosphate content below 0.3mumol/g the liver may esterify less in the starved state. However, at the glycerol 3-phosphate contents measured in freeze-clamped livers (0.30 and 0.44mumol/g for the fed and starved state respectively), livers in both nutritional states seemed capable of esterifying similar amounts of fatty acids. PMID- 7115326 TI - Subcellular localization of phospholipid changes in response to muscarinic stimulation of perfused bovine adrenal medulla. AB - The effects of carbachol on catecholamine secretion and [32P]Pi incorporation into phospholipids was studied in perfused bovine adrenal medulla. After a labelling period, the gland was stimulated with carbachol in the absence of 32P. Subcellular fractions were then prepared from the medulla. Carbachol roughly halved the specific radioactivities of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidate in microsomal, chromaffin-granule, mitochondrial and plasma-membrane fractions. With Ca2+-free perfusion medium, catecholamine secretion was abolished but the phospholipid changes remained. Stimulation of secretion by KCl was not accompanied by phospholipid changes. The results are not consistent with the theory relating phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis and Ca2+ gating. PMID- 7115327 TI - Differential effects of starvation on alanine and glutamine transport in isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - At physiological concentrations, alanine transport in hepatocytes from starved rats is faster than in hepatocytes from fed rats. The degree of increase is much less than previously reported for 2-aminoisobutyrate in the same concentration range. Glutamine transport is not stimulated on starvation. This provides evidence that the transport systems for alanine and glutamine in isolated hepatocytes are controlled separately. PMID- 7115328 TI - Evidence for beta-adrenergic activation of Na+-dependent efflux of Ca2+ from isolated liver mitochondria. AB - The existence of a Na(+)-dependent mechanism for Ca(2+) efflux from isolated rat liver mitochondria was confirmed. The activity of this system is decreased by 60% in mitochondria isolated from perfused livers. The Na(+)-dependent activity is fully restored by infusion of either 1mum-adrenaline or 1mum-isoprenaline, but the alpha-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine is ineffective. PMID- 7115329 TI - The nature of the stimulation of the respiratory chain of rat liver mitochondria by glucagon pretreatment of animals. AB - 1. Studies on the cytochrome spectra of liver mitochondria from control and glucagon-treated rats in State 4, State 3 and in the presence of uncoupler are reported. 2. The stimulation of electron flow between cytochromes c1 and c observed previously [Halestrap (1978) Biochem. J. 172, 399-405] was shown to be an artefact of Ca2+-induced swelling of mitochondria. 3. When precautions were taken to prevent such swelling, glucagon treatment was shown to enhance the reduction of cytochromes c, c1 and b558 in both State 3 and uncoupled conditions with either succinate or glutamate + malate as substrate. An increase in the reduction of cytochromes b562 and b566 was also seen in some, but not all, experiments. 4. In State 4 with succinate but not glutamate + malate as substrate, cytochromes c, c1, b558, b562 and b566 showed increased reduction. 5. Glucagon stimulated oxidation of duroquinol and palmitoylcarnitine by intact mitochondria and of NADH by disrupted mitochondria. 6. No effect of glucagon on succinate dehydrogenase activity or the temperature-dependence of succinate oxidation could be detected. 7. Glucagon enhanced the inhibition of the respiratory chain by colletotrichin, but not antimycin or 8-heptyl-4 hydroxyquinoline N-oxide. 8. These results are interpreted in terms of a primary stimulation by glucagon of the 'Q cycle' [Mitchell (1976) J. Theor. Biol. 62, 827 367] within Complex III (ubiquinol:cytochrome c oxidoreductase) and a secondary site of action involving stimulation of electron flow into Complex III from the ubiquinone pool. 9. Ageing of mitochondria, hyperosmotic treatment or addition of 20 mM-benzyl alcohol opposed the effects of glucagon treatment on cytochrome spectra and colletotrichin inhibition of respiration. 10. These results support the hypothesis that glucagon exerts its effects on the mitochondria by perturbing the membrane structure. PMID- 7115330 TI - Sensitivity of brown-adipose-tissue carnitine palmitoyltransferase to inhibition by malonyl-CoA. AB - Overt carnitine palmitoyltransferase in mitochondria isolated from interscapular brown adipose tissue of cold-adapted rats or rats maintained at normal temperature is extremely sensitive to inhibition by malonyl-CoA. PMID- 7115331 TI - Biochemical and morphological modifications in rabbit Achilles tendon during maturation and ageing. AB - 1. Achilles tendons of foetal, newborn, adult and old rabbits were examined by electron microscopy after staining by conventional methods or with the periodate/silver/methenamine technique. 2. The mean diameter of collagen fibrils increased with age whereas silver/methenamine-positivity became less evident. 3. Biochemical analyses showed a great decrease of the concentration of glycoproteins and galactosamine-containing glycosaminoglycans. 4. Collagen content increased with maturation and ageing of the tissue. 5. The extent of glycosylation of collagen hydroxylysine residues was also age-dependent; the total amount of hydroxylysyl glycosides rapidly decreased in the last days of prenatal life and in the first months after birth, corresponding to the rapid growth in collagen fibre diameter. 6. The hydroxylysyl diglycoside concentration decreased more markedly than that of the monoglycoside, thus indicating a possible gradual removal of the monosaccharide units. A role for the extent of glycosylation of tropocollagen molecules in fibre organization was suggested. PMID- 7115332 TI - Effects of experimental hyperthyroidism on protein turnover in skeletal and cardiac muscle as measured by [14C]tyrosine infusion. AB - The effect of T3 (3,3',5-tri-iodothyronine) on protein turnover in skeletal and cardiac muscle was measured in intact rats by means of a 6 h [14C]tyrosine infusion technique. Treatment with 25-30 micrograms of T3/100 g body wt. daily for 4-7 days increased the fractional rate of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle. Since the fractional growth rate of the muscle was decreased or unchanged, T3 treatment increased the rate of muscle protein breakdown. These findings suggest that increased protein degradation is an important factor in decreasing skeletal-muscle mass in hyperthyroidism. In contrast with skeletal muscle, T3 treatment for 7 days caused an equivalent increase in the rate of cardiac muscle growth and protein synthesis. This suggests that hyperthyroidism does not increase protein breakdown in heart muscle as it does in skeletal muscle. The failure of T3 to increase proteolysis in heart muscle may be due to a different action on the cardiac myocyte or to systemic effects of T3 which increase cardiac work. PMID- 7115333 TI - Toxic effects of human eosinophil products on isolated rat heart cells in vitro. AB - Rat heart cells and mitochondria were incubated with supernatants from eosinophils or neutrophils that had been stimulated with zymosan-C3b. Supernatants from eosinophils, but not neutrophils, were toxic to rat heart cells in a dose-dependent manner. This was associated with an increased O2 uptake, which was blocked by either 1 mM-cyanide or 100 microM-ouabain. Supernatants from eosinophils, but not neutrophils, caused a decrease in O2 uptake by rat heart mitochondria utilizing pyruvate (+ malate) but not other substrates. The activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.4.1) from rat heart was inhibited by Ca2+-free eosinophil supernatants. The activity of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.4.2) was also inhibited but not that of lipoamide dehydrogenase (EC 1.6.4.3). Prior incubation with heparin prevented these effects of eosinophil supernatants on heart cells, suggesting that they were caused by eosinophil cationic proteins. Other cationic proteins, including poly-L-lysine and poly-L-arginine were also toxic to rat heart cells, but these reduced O2 uptake. It was concluded that granulocyte secretion products containing eosinophil cationic proteins are toxic to isolated rat heart cells in vitro. This may be due to an initial increase in membrane permeability, which may lead to activation of (Na+ + K+)-dependent ATPase and increased O2 uptake. A second step may involve inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase by the same products, leading to a decreased O2 uptake. It is suggested that these mechanisms could contribute to the development of cardiac injury and myocardial disease in clinical situations where many degranulated eosinophils are present. PMID- 7115334 TI - The subcellular localization of the beta-galactoside-binding protein of rat lung. AB - The subcellular localization of the beta-galactoside-binding protein, or lectin, from rat lung was investigated by the specific binding of anti-lectin immunoglobulin G to subcellular fractions. We used both adult and immature (12 day-old) rats; the immature rat lungs have an 8-10-fold greater concentration than adult rat lungs [Powell & Whitney (1980) Biochem. J. 188, 1-8]. In both groups of animals we observed greater specific binding of anti-lectin immunoglobulin G to intracellular membrane (mitochondrial and microsomal fractions) than to plasma membranes. Pre-incubation of membrane fractions with lactose resulted in a marked diminution of anti-lectin immunoglobulin G binding. In the adult rat lung most (approx. 80%) of the lectin activity was membrane associated. In the immature rat lung only approx. 30% of the lectin activity was membrane associated and most of the beta-galactoside-binding protein appeared to be a soluble cytoplasmic component. The rat lung beta-galactoside-binding protein appeared to have a broad but predominantly intracellular location, being associated with membranes through one of its galactoside-binding sites. PMID- 7115335 TI - Tissue and whole-body protein synthesis in immature Zucker rats and their relationship to protein deposition. AB - The rates of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle, intestine, liver and in the whole body of immature (18 and 25 days old) lean and obese male Zucker rats were measured. In addition, the rate of deposition of whole-body and skeletal-muscle protein over the period 16-27 days post partum was measured by comparative slaughter and analysis of the composition of the body. At 16 days post partum, lean and obese rats had similar body protein contents, but thereafter the rate of protein deposition in the body and skeletal-muscle mass was decreased in the obese rats. The decrease was particularly marked before 21 days of age, and between 23 and 27 days post partum the fractional rate of protein deposition was the same in lean and obese rats. Of the tissues that were studied, only skeletal muscle had a lower fractional rate of protein synthesis in the obese rats. At 18 days post partum, the decrease in the absolute rate of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle accounted for at least 80% of the decline in protein synthesis in the whole body. After weaning, phenotypic differences in protein synthesis was less marked than at 18 days of age, and skeletal muscle accounted for only 50% of the difference in body protein synthesis between phenotypes. The possibility that a change in the function of the adrenal cortex contributes to differences in protein metabolism between lean and obese Zucker rats is discussed. PMID- 7115336 TI - The role of leucine in ketogenesis in starved rats. AB - The quantitative significance of the conversion in vivo of L-[U-14C]leucine to ketone bodies was determined in rats starved for 3 or 48 h. In animals starved for 3 h, 4.4% of ketone-body carbon is derived from the metabolism of leucine, and in rats starved for 48 h the corresponding value is 2.3%. This conversion occurs rapidly, and the specific radioactivity of ketone bodies in blood is maximal at 2 min after the intravenous injection of labelled leucine for both periods of starvation. The flux of leucine in the blood is 1.01 and 1.04 mumol/min per 100 g body wt. respectively for animals starved for 3 and 48 h. The specific radioactivity of blood ketone bodies was compared at 2 min after the injection of labelled leucine, lysine and phenylalanine. The specific radioactivity was 4-5 fold higher with leucine than with lysine or phenylalanine. PMID- 7115337 TI - Lipid peroxidation and haemoglobin degradation in red blood cells exposed to t butyl hydroperoxide. Effects of the hexose monophosphate shunt as mediated by glutathione and ascorbate. AB - Lipid peroxidation and haemoglobin degradation were the two extremes of a spectrum of oxidative damage in red cells exposed to t-butyl hydroperoxide. The exact position in this spectrum depended on the availability of glucose and the ligand state of haemoglobin. In red cells containing oxy- or carbonmono-oxy haemoglobin, hexose monophosphate-shunt activity was mainly responsible for metabolism of t-butyl hydroperoxide; haem groups were the main scavengers in red cells containing methaemoglobin. Glutathione, via glutathione peroxidase, accounted for nearly all of the hydroperoxide metabolizing activity of the hexose monophosphate shunt. Glucose protection against lipid peroxidation was almost entirely mediated by glutathione, whereas glucose protection of haemoglobin was only partly mediated by glutathione. Physiological concentrations of intracellular or extracellular ascorbate had no effect on consumption of t-butyl hydroperoxide or oxidation of haemoglobin. Ascorbate was mainly involved in scavenging chain-propagating species involved in lipid peroxidation. The protective effect of intracellular ascorbate against lipid peroxidation was about 100% glucose-dependent and about 50% glutathione-dependent. Extracellular ascorbate functioned largely without a requirement for glucose metabolism, although some synergistic effects between extracellular ascorbate and glutathione were observed. Lipid peroxidation was not dependent on the rate or completion of t-butyl hydroperoxide consumption but rather on the route of consumption. Lipid peroxidation appears to depend on the balance between the presence of initiators of lipid peroxidation (oxyhaemoglobin and low concentrations of methaemoglobin) and terminators of lipid peroxidation (glutathione, ascorbate, high concentrations of methaemoglobin). PMID- 7115338 TI - Effects of inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide on lipogenesis in mammary gland and liver of lactating rats. AB - 1. Administration of cycloheximide (an inhibitor of protein synthesis) to lactating rats raised the concentrations of amino acids, and in particular, the branched-chain amino acids (valine, leucine and isoleucine) in blood, liver and mammary gland. 2. Inhibition of protein synthesis increased the incorporation in vivo of L-[U-14C]leucine into lipids of mammary gland and liver. 3. Cycloheximide treatment caused no immediate change in the overall rate of lipogenesis in vivo (measured with 3H2O) in mammary gland but increased the rate in liver 3-fold; this latter effect also occurred in livers of virgin rats. 4. The increased rate of hepatic lipogenesis was not accompanied by significant changes in the plasma insulin concentration or the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. 5. Although cycloheximide decreased the entry of total triacylglycerol into the circulation it did not alter the rate of secretion of newly synthesized saponifiable lipid. 6. Cycloheximide slightly stimulated lipogenesis from endogenous substrates in isolated hepatocytes, but this effect was abolished when lactate was the exogenous substrate. 7. Administration of cycloheximide to virgin rats decreased liver glycogen and increased the hepatic content of glucose 6-phosphate, pyruvate and lactate. 8. It is concluded that (a) there is no short-term link between the rate of protein synthesis and lipogenesis in the lactating mammary gland and (b) the increased rate of hepatic lipogenesis in cycloheximide-treated rats is mainly due to stimulation of glycogenolysis, glycolytic flux and consequent increased availability of pyruvate. PMID- 7115340 TI - Isodityrosine, a new cross-linking amino acid from plant cell-wall glycoprotein. AB - 1. Cell-wall hydrolysates from calli of all higher plants tested contained a new phenolic amino acid for which the trivial name isodityrosine is proposed. Isodityrosine was shown to be an oxidatively coupled dimer of tyrosine with the two tyrosine units linked by a diphenyl ether bridge. 2. The amount of isodityrosine in sodium dodecyl sulphate-insoluble cell-wall preparations was proportional to the amount of hydroxyproline. 3. Acidified chlorite split the diphenyl ether bridge of isodityrosine, and concomitantly solubilized the cell wall glycoprotein. 4. Dithiothreitol inhibited isodityrosine synthesis in vivo, and suppressed in parallel the covalent binding of newly synthesized protein in the cell wall. 5. It is suggested that isodityrosine is an inter-polypeptide cross-link responsible for the insolubility of plant cell-wall glycoprotein. PMID- 7115339 TI - Interaction of ligands with cytochrome P-450. On the 442 nm spectral species generated during the oxidative metabolism of pyridine. AB - When added to aerobic rabbit liver microsomal fractions fortified with an NADPH generating system, pyridine initially produces a type II difference spectrum such as is observed with other aromatic amines. There is a time-dependent conversion of this perturbation into a new spectral species characterized by an absorbance maximum at 442 nm and a minor peak at 389 nm. Experiments with inhibitors of the cytochrome P-450-dependent electron-transport chain suggest that these species originate from binding to the haemoprotein of metabolic intermediate(s) derived from the amine substrate. Analysis of the incubation mixtures by t.l.c., high pressure liquid chromatography, u.v.- and mass-spectrometry reveals the presence of a single metabolite arising from cytochrome P-450-catalysed oxidation of the heteroaromatic tertiary amine, which was identified as pyridine N-oxide, obviously accounting for adduct formation. This view is supported by comparative studies on the spectral changes generated by exogenous amine oxide with NADPH reduced cytochrome P-450. Moreover, dithiothreitol, a potent N-oxidase inhibitor, strongly suppresses development of the 442 nm and 389 nm complexes. The ability of forming low-spin adducts with ferrous cytochrome P-450 absorbing around 440 nm appears to be an inherent property of different types of N-oxides. Considering the dipole character of the N+-O- function, a co-ordinate iron-oxygen bond is proposed to be formed in these complexes. PMID- 7115341 TI - Regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase in rat liver and Morris hepatomas 5123C, 9618A and 5123t.c. AB - Characteristics of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase from normal liver, Morris hepatomas 5123C, 5123t.c. and 9618A, and host liver were studied. Animals were fed on control and 5%-cholesterol diets. Microsomal membranes from all tissues were found to accumulate cholesterol after 3 days on the 5%-cholesterol diet. The enzyme of the tumours showed no feedback inhibition by dietary cholesterol, and that of host liver gave a variable response, whereas that of control liver was constantly inhibited by 90% or more. Arrhenius-plot analysis was conducted on the microsomal enzyme isolated from the various tissues. Control animals showed that the phase transition present at 27 degrees C was removed when animals were fed on 5%-cholesterol diet for 12 h. The hepatomas failed to show this change even after 3 days of 5%-cholesterol diet and a significant increase in microsomal cholesterol. This failure to remove the break in Arrhenius plots also occurred in host liver, even though enzyme inhibition occurred. The reason why hepatomas fail to regulate 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity in response to dietary cholesterol may be a decreased membrane-enzyme interaction. PMID- 7115342 TI - Lipase-induced alterations of fatty acid synthesis by subcellular fractions from germinating pea (Pisum sativum L.). AB - 1. The effect of exogenous lipases on fatty acid synthesis from [14C]malonyl-CoA by the microsomal and soluble fractions from germinating peas was studied. 2. Addition of phospholipase A2 or the lipase from Rhizopus arrhizus had no effect on total fatty acid synthesis by the soluble fraction but caused severe inhibition of that by the microsomal fraction. 3. The addition of enzymes with phospholipase activity particularly inhibited the microsomal stearate elongase. 4. Control studies indicated that the phospholipase-induced inhibition of fatty acid synthesis was due to the location of fatty acid synthetase, palmitate elongase and stearate elongase on the outside of the microsomal vesicles. 5. Experiments with a trypsin-like proteinase showed that approximately half the microsomal fatty acid synthesis was resistant to proteolysis. 6. Although addition of exogenous phospholipases had no effect on total fatty acid synthesis by the soluble fraction, it did increase alpha-hydroxylation of newly-formed palmitate and stearate. 7. The results provide further evidence for differences between the soluble and particulate fatty acid synthetase and palmitate elongase activities of germinating pea. PMID- 7115343 TI - The enzymic reduction and kinetics of oxidation of cytochrome b-245 of neutrophils. AB - 1. The absorption coefficient of human neutrophil plasma-membrane reduced-minus oxidized cytochrome b-245 was determined [delta epsilon (mM; 559-540 nm) = 21.6 cm-1]. 2. Neutrophil polymorphonuclear leucocytes (neutrophils) were prepared from human, ox, horse and pig blood. In each case plasma-membrane fractions were found to contain low-potential cytochrome b. When membranes from horse neutrophils were incubated anaerobically with either NADH or NADPH the cytochrome b became reduced. Prior stimulation of the cells with phorbol myristate acetate did not increase the rate or extent of cytochrome b reduction in isolated membranes, but did increase both the rate and extent of reduction by NADPH in Triton-treated cells. 3. A cytochrome b was present also in the specific granule fraction of human neutrophils. Its Em (pH 7.0) was found to be -248 mV, very similar to that of the plasma-membrane cytochrome b. 4. The rate of oxidation of reduce cytochrome b-245 by air-saturated buffer, was determined by using stopped flow techniques. In intact membranes t 1/2 for oxidation was 4.7 ms. This rate is sufficiently rapid to support the view that cytochrome b-245 is the oxidase in the respiratory burst of neutrophils. 5. Plasma-membrane cytochrome b of human neutrophils formed a complex with CO. At room temperature and 1 atm of CO approx. 40% of the cytochrome formed a complex; approx. 60% binding was measured at the increased concentration of dissolved CO achieved at 5 degrees C. The concentration of CO giving 50% binding was 1.18 mM. PMID- 7115344 TI - Developmental changes in rat liver branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase. AB - Branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase catalyses the first irreversible step in the degradation of the branched-chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine and valine. With specifically labelled 4-methyl-2-oxo[1-14C]pentanoate as substrate, the enzyme's activity was measured in rat liver homogenates. Activity (per g wet wL of liver or per mg of protein) increased most rapidly during the perinatal period (2 days before to 1 day after birth), reaching approximately adult values by the time of weaning. The apparent Vmax, of the enzyme increased with age, but its Km appeared unchanged. The data suggest that hepatic branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase is induced or activated during the perinatal period. The enzyme's activity at birth was unaffected by maternal diabetes, or by treating the mother with pharmacological doses of corticosterone or 3,3',5-tri-iodothyronine, during the last 5 days of pregnancy. PMID- 7115345 TI - Evidence for a high fatty acid synthesis activity in interscapular brown adipose tissue of genetically obese Zucker rats. AB - Obese (fa/fa) rats (30 days old) exhibited a 50% increase in the weight of interscapular brown adipose tissue compared with their lean (Fa/fa) littermates. The tissue weight increase was accounted for by an increased fat content. Lipogenesis in vivo, as assessed by the incorporation of 3H from 3H2O into lipid, was increased 5-fold in brown adipose tissue of obese as compared with lean rats. Accordingly, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthetase, citrate-cleavage enzyme and malic enzyme in this tissue were 4-8 times more active in obese than in lean rats. PMID- 7115346 TI - Identification of metallothionein in parenchymal and non-parenchymal liver cells of the adult rat. AB - Parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells were isolated from the livers of control, starved, Zn2+-injected and Cd2+-injected rats. Parenchymal cells were prepared by differential centrifugation after perfusion of the liver with collagenase. Non parenchymal cells were separated from parenchymal cells by unit-gravity sedimentation and differential centrifugation. Yields of 2 x 10(8) non parenchymal cells with greater than 95% viability and less than 0.2% contamination with parenchymal cells were obtained without exposing cells to Pronase. Metallothioneins-I and -II were identified in parenchymal cells and non parenchymal cells from Zn2+-treated rats. The metallothionein contents of parenchymal cells, non-parenchymal cells and intact liver were quantified by a competitive 203Hg-binding assay. Administration of heavy-metal salts significantly increased the metallothionein content of both cell populations, although the concentration of the protein was approx. 2.5-fold greater in parenchymal cells than in non-parenchymal cells. Overnight starvation increased the metallothionein content of parenchymal cells without altering that of non parenchymal cells. The potential significance of this differential response by different liver cell types with regard to the influence of Zn2+ on stress mediated alterations in hepatic metabolism is discussed. PMID- 7115347 TI - Characterization of the membrane proteins of rat liver lysosomes. Composition, enzyme activities and turnover. AB - Lysosomes prepared from the livers of untreated rats and from the livers of rats injected with either Triton WR-1339 or dextran yielded membranes that were similar in both polypeptide composition and activities of ATPase and acid 5' nucleotidase. The administration of Triton WR-1339 (and dextran) resulted in an increase in ATPase activity of liver homogenates that was associated with a parallel increase in the ATPase activity of the lysosomal membrane. On the other hand, plasma membranes appear to be different from lysosomal membranes with respect to polypeptide composition and enzyme activities. The ATPase activity of lysosomal membranes is not affected by ouabain and suramin, inhibitors of the plasma-membrane ATPase. The plasma-membrane alkaline 5'-nucleotidase has little activity at acid pH. Pulse-labelling of lysosomal membranes with [3H]fucose and with [3H]- and [14C]-leucine occurred rapidly, faster than labelling of plasma membranes. The labelling kinetics indicate that lysosomal membranes may be assembled independently of plasma membranes. These data suggest that, in liver, little bulk transport of plasma membrane to lysosomes takes place, and lysosomal membrane proteins may not be derived from those of plasma membranes. PMID- 7115348 TI - Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase in developing rat brain. AB - The specific activities of Cu,Zn- and Mn-superoxide dismutases, of glutathione peroxidase and of catalase, the enzymes considered to be specifically involved in the defence of the cell against the partially reduced forms of oxygen, were determined as the function of postnatal age in the early (up to 60 days) period of rat brain development. The enzymes were assayed in the cytoplasmic fraction, in the crude mitochondrial fraction including peroxisomes, and in the mitochondria. The results show that the temporal changes of these enzymes cannot be correlated with each other, thus indicating that they do not concertedly parallel the increasing activity of aerobic brain metabolism during development. Specifically the cytoplasmic fraction shows a gradual increase of the Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase activity with age, whereas the glutathione peroxidase activity is constant from birth. Furthermore the increase of the mitochondrial Mn superoxide dismutase as a function of postnatal age is more remarkable than that of the cytoplasmic Cu,Zn-enzyme. Higher activities of catalase in adult animals are detectable only in the subcellular fraction containing peroxisomes, because of the modest catalase activity of the brain. These results indicate independent regulation of the expression of these enzyme activities in the process of brain differentiation and point to a relative deficiency of enzymic protection of the brain differentiation and point to a relative deficiency of enzymic protection of the brain against potentially toxic oxygen derivatives. This situation is similar to the pattern already described in the rat heart and in rat and mouse ascites tumour cells, at variance with the much more efficient enzyme pattern present in rat hepatocytes. PMID- 7115349 TI - Comparison of pathways of copper metabolism in aorta and liver. A functional test of metallothionein. AB - Soluble fractions from chick liver and aorta were examined for copper-binding proteins. In liver a zinc-binding thionein appeared to be the major binding protein for copper. Aortic tissue contained only traces of this thionein protein. Unlike liver, moderate amounts of soluble copper in aorta showed no association with macromolecules. Chicks fed on copper-deficient diets for 8 days had one third the liver copper concentrations of controls. Aortic copper concentration was decreased only slightly, but the activity of lysyl oxidase, a copper dependent enzyme in aorta, was decreased significantly. Treating the deficient chicks with CuSO4 (1 mg/kg) restored liver copper rapidly. The increase correlated with the binding of copper to a 10 000-mol.wt. component in the soluble fraction. Aortic copper concentrations responded much less to the CuSO4 treatment, but lysyl oxidase activity was again measurable in the tissue. Radioactive isotopes of copper bound almost exclusively to the 10 000-mol.wt. component in liver and to components of mol.wt. 30 000 or above in aorta. Hardly any of the administered radioactivity appeared with the 10 000-mol.wt. components in aorta, and none was found with unbound copper. The 30 000-mol.wt. components in aorta showed superoxide dismutase activity that was sensitive to NaCN. They also showed the highest specific activity of copper of any other aorta component. A clear distinction was seen between the metabolism of copper in liver and aortic tissues. Whereas a copper thionein, metallothionein, was a major component in the liver pathway, it is doubtful that this protein plays a major role in the intracellular metabolism of copper in aortic tissue. PMID- 7115350 TI - A study of highly purified mucolipidosis III urinary N-acetyl-beta-D hexosaminidase B. AB - Highly purified N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase B from normal urine and urine of a patient with mucolipidosis III was used to determine whether it has undergone any of the alterations associated with this genetic defect. Examination by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that both the enzyme preparations contained protein components with apparent Mr values of 55 000 and 28 000. No differences in the binding and apparent KI (50%) to concanavalin A of the normal and mucolipidosis III enzymes were detected. However, the patient's N acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase B had a slightly greater affinity for the lectin from Ricinus communis than did the normal enzyme. Two-dimensional tryptic peptide maps of the corresponding normal and the patient's N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase B subunits showed considerable homology. These results indicate that N-acetyl beta-D-hexosaminidase b does not undergo the significant carbohydrate alterations characteristic of other acid hydrolases in mucolipidosis III. PMID- 7115351 TI - The incorporation of solubilized choline-transport activity into liposomes. AB - The choline-transport system has been solubilized from synaptic plasma membrane by using either sodium cholate or Triton X-100, and re-incorporated into unilamellar liposomes by using the technique of cholate dialysis. The criteria of choline-transport activity were saturability by excess choline, inhibition by hemicholinium-3, and trans-activation (i.e. stimulation of the uptake of [3H]choline into liposomes by preloading them with non-radioactive choline). Liposomes prepared from detergent extracts of synaptic plasma membrane and added lipid showed uptake of [3H]choline fulfilling these three criteria. Data on choline-transport activity of liposomes at various choline concentrations could be interpreted as implying that the transport system has two apparent Km values (2-5 microM and 50-100 microM), or alternatively that the system is composed of two or more negatively co-operating subunits (or units). It was shown by t.l.c. that the transported radioactivity was choline and that it was not significantly acetylated. Replacing Na+ by K+ on the outside of these liposomes partially inhibited uptake, and the formation of a potential gradient (inside negative) with valinomycin increased the total but not the saturable components of uptake when liposomes were prepared in a K+ medium, and transferred to an Na+ medium. PMID- 7115352 TI - The apoprotein B-independent hepatic uptake of chylomicron remnants. AB - Rat lymph chylomicrons were treated with Pronase resulting in particles completely devoid of surface apoproteins. On re-incubation with serum, the Pronase-treated chylomicrons re-acquired, by transfer from other lipoproteins, all apoproteins except apoprotein B, which is water-insoluble and non transferable. When two groups of rats were injected with [3H]cholesterol-labelled control or Pronase-treated chylomicrons, radioactivity was incorporated into the liver of both groups at similar rates. It is concluded that the remnants of the control and Pronase-treated chylomicrons formed in the vascular space were recognized and taken up by liver cells by a process that does not require apoprotein B. PMID- 7115353 TI - Resensitization of lutropin-desensitized tumour Leydig-cell adenylate cyclase with human erythrocyte membranes. AB - Purified rat tumour Leydig cells were pretreated with or without lutropin (1 h at 32 degrees C). The plasma membranes were then isolated and the adenylate cyclase activity measured in the presence of freshly prepared or heat-inactivated (1 h at 60 degrees C) human erythrocyte membranes. In plasma membranes from control cells in the presence of heat-inactivated human erythrocyte membranes both guanosine 5' [beta, gamma-imido]triphosphate (p[NH]ppG) plus lutropin and NaF caused a 45--50 fold increase in cyclic AMP production over 30 min compared with 12--13 fold p[NH[ppG and 2--3-fold with lutropin alone. In plasma membranes isolated from lutropin-pretreated cells the NaF- and the p[NH]ppG-stimulated cyclic AMP production rates were unchanged, but no effect of lutropin could be demonstrated with or without added p[NH]ppG. However, after mixing lutropin-desensitized Leydig tumour-cell plasma membranes with freshly prepared human erythrocyte plasma membranes, the adenylate cyclase activity in the presence of lutropin, p[NH]ppG, lutropin plus p[NH]ppG and NaF were similar to those of control cell plasma membranes treated in the same manner. The possible mechanisms of this reversal of lutropin-induced desensitization by human erythrocytes are discussed. PMID- 7115354 TI - Urea, altered renal function, and vasopressin in Reye-Johnson syndrome. PMID- 7115355 TI - Effects of selected analogs of the branched-chain alpha-oxo acids on the alpha oxo acid dehydrogenase activities in rat liver mitochondria. PMID- 7115356 TI - Urinary excretion of purines, purine nucleosides, and pseudouridine in immunodeficient children. PMID- 7115357 TI - Hollow-fiber reactors containing mammalian arginase: an approach to enzyme replacement therapy. PMID- 7115358 TI - The twitcher mouse: determination of genetic status by galactosylceramidase assays on clipped tail. PMID- 7115359 TI - Duodenal pepsinogens in experimental duodenal ulcer in rats. PMID- 7115360 TI - Arginine metabolism in rat liver after hepatic damage. PMID- 7115361 TI - Plasma amino acid pattern in phenylketonuric heterozygotes during pregnancy. PMID- 7115362 TI - Survival of native structure and biological activity in fibronectin pasteurized in the presence of sucrose. PMID- 7115363 TI - Inhibitor(s) of protein synthesis in uremic serum and urine: partial purification and relationship to amino acid transport. PMID- 7115364 TI - Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase activity in human brains. PMID- 7115365 TI - Measurement of in vivo protein synthesis in rats during an exercise bout. PMID- 7115366 TI - Accumulation of dehydroascorbic acid in guinea pig blood. PMID- 7115367 TI - Aging of the erythrocyte. XI. Membrane glycosylation. PMID- 7115368 TI - Biopterin levels in the plasma fraction of human blood during renal insufficiency. PMID- 7115369 TI - A monoclonal antibody to human insulin receptor. PMID- 7115370 TI - Light stimulates glycerate uptake by spinach chloroplasts. PMID- 7115371 TI - Confirmation of two-step model of glucocorticoid hormone action in a glucocorticoid-sensitive human lymphoid cell line. PMID- 7115372 TI - Living macrophages phosphorylate the 20,000 Dalton light chains and heavy chains of myosin. PMID- 7115373 TI - Different structural requirements of endotoxic glycolipid for tumor regression and endotoxic activity. PMID- 7115374 TI - Increased synthesis and concentration of dolichyl phosphate in mouse spleens during phenylhydrazine-induced erythropoiesis. PMID- 7115375 TI - The isolation and preliminary characterization of apotransketolase from human erythrocytes. PMID- 7115376 TI - Demonstration of high and low affinity complexes between protein A and rabbit immunoglobulin G antibodies depending on hapten density. PMID- 7115377 TI - Enzymatic and immunological evidences that phenobarbital induces cytochrome P 450 in fetal and neonatal rat liver. PMID- 7115378 TI - Mutagenicity and K-region reactivity of monomethyl derivatives of benz(a)anthracene in a self-consistent-field molecular orbital theory. PMID- 7115379 TI - Interaction of vitamin E with saturated phospholipid bilayers. PMID- 7115380 TI - Modulation of acetylcholinesterase activity by glycoside-detergents and their solubilization efficiency for neuronal membranes from bovine nucleus caudatus. PMID- 7115381 TI - Acetoacetyl-coenzyme A synthetase activity in rat liver cytosol: a regulated enzyme in lipogenesis. PMID- 7115382 TI - An endodextranase inhibitor from batch cultures of streptococcus mutans. PMID- 7115383 TI - Synthesis of a heat shock protein in the microvascular system of the rabbit brain following elevation of body temperature. PMID- 7115384 TI - Effects of antifilarial drugs on the activities of the oxidative enzymes of mitochondria and microsomes of rat liver and kidneys. PMID- 7115385 TI - A "trypsin-like" enzyme in adrenal chromaffin granules: a proenkephalin processing enzyme. PMID- 7115386 TI - Variants of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone in rat brain and pituitary evidence that acetylated alpha-MSH exists only in the intermediate lobe of pituitary. PMID- 7115387 TI - The involvement of cytochrome b5 in 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha triol 25-hydroxylation and taurodeoxycholate 7 alpha-hydroxylation of rat liver. PMID- 7115388 TI - In vitro metabolism of 12-methylbenz(A)anthracene: effect of the methyl group on the stereochemistry of a 5,6-dihydrodiol metabolite. PMID- 7115389 TI - 67Zn and 1H NMR studies of Zn2+-imidazole and carboxylate complexes. PMID- 7115390 TI - Extension of kinetic model for superoxide dismutase inactivation to the irradiated manganese tetramer. PMID- 7115391 TI - Proteoglycan from bovine follicular fluid enhances an acrosome reaction in bovine spermatozoa. PMID- 7115392 TI - Inhibition of norepinephrine uptake into synaptic vesicles by butylated hydroxytoluene. PMID- 7115393 TI - 43Ca NMR studies of Ca2+-Tetrahymena calmodulin complexes. PMID- 7115394 TI - Effects of thyroid hormone administration on the susceptibility of rat liver chromatin to digestion with micrococcal nuclease. PMID- 7115395 TI - Proton-enhanced 13C NMR of normal human erythrocytes: characterization of motionally restricted molecules. PMID- 7115396 TI - Kinetic constants of asialoorosomucoid endocytosis comparison between hepatocytes from normal and streptozotocin-diabetic rats. PMID- 7115397 TI - N-2-Acetylaminofluorene modification of poly(dG-m5dC) . poly(dG-m5dC) induces the Z-DNA conformation. PMID- 7115398 TI - Helical conformations of three crystalline pentapeptide fragments of suzukacillin, a membrane channel forming polypeptide. PMID- 7115399 TI - On ortho-diphenol oxidase activity of dopamine-beta-monooxygenase. PMID- 7115400 TI - Influence of inorganic phosphate on the kinetics of heart mitochondrial calcium accumulation. PMID- 7115401 TI - Role of lipoprotein lipase separated from VLDL during VLDL catabolism. PMID- 7115402 TI - The effect of 4-isothiocyanatobenzoic acid on the oxygen-linked chloride binding sites in human hemoglobin: influence on the alkaline Bohr effect. PMID- 7115403 TI - Rapid kinetic studies of calmodulin interactions with calcium and troponin I as monitored by anthroylcholine fluorescence. PMID- 7115405 TI - DNA-binding domains of fibronectin probed using Western blots. PMID- 7115404 TI - Temperature dependence of Ricinus communis agglutinin activity. PMID- 7115406 TI - The redox state of pyridine nucleotides controls permeability of uncoupled mitochondria to K+. PMID- 7115407 TI - Estradiol receptors in articular chondrocytes. PMID- 7115408 TI - Effect of a peri fluoro substituent on the conformation of dihydrodiol derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. PMID- 7115409 TI - Genesis of rat liver glucocorticoid receptor multiplicity as a function of age. PMID- 7115410 TI - 2H NMR demonstration of amino acid - nucleotide interactions. PMID- 7115411 TI - Tetanic contraction of the crab nerve evoked by repetitive stimulation. PMID- 7115413 TI - Alpha-Amanitin-sensitive DNA-dependent RNA polymerase I from cherry salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) liver nuclei. PMID- 7115412 TI - Multiple species of estrogen binding sites in the nuclear fraction of the rat prostate. PMID- 7115414 TI - Photoincorporation of [3H]-chloropromazine into a solubilized bovine striatal preparation. PMID- 7115415 TI - Fluorescence polarisation and composition of membranes in genetic obesity. PMID- 7115416 TI - Differential metabolism of O-ethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate by rat and chicken hepatic microsomes. PMID- 7115417 TI - [3H]Dopamine release by d-amphetamine from striatal synaptosomes of reserpinized rats. AB - The injection of reserpine, 5 mg/kg i.p. (ipRes), the regimen employed by a majority of investigators, results in synaptosomal and vesicular preparations which are incompletely reserpinized as determined by [3H]dopamine ([3H]DA) accumulation. Reserpine administered by the subcutaneous route, 5 mg/kg (scRes), appears to produce complete reserpinization. Release of [3H]DA by d-amphetamine (Amph) was observed from striatal synaptosomes prepared both from normal rats and those pretreated with reserpine intraperitoneally but not from those injected subcutaneously. In the more completely reserpinized scRes synaptosomes, so little [3H]DA had accumulated that release by Amph was not measurable, indicating that if a labile, reserpine-resistant, extravesicular DA storage pool releasable by Amph is present under these conditions, it must be extremely small. In scRes monoamine oxidase (MAO)-inhibited preparations, Amph released preloaded [3H]DA located in the cytosol in the absence of functional vesicles. Although chromatographic analysis of the superfusate from ipRes striatal synaptosomes showed that significant amounts of preloaded [3H]DA were released by Amph, the level of dihydroxyphenylacetic acid was not increased over controls, indicating that Amph releases only DA and not its metabolite and is also acting as a MAO inhibitor. No [3H]DA could be released by Amph from superfused hyposmotically shocked normal or ipRes synaptosomes, suggesting that an intact membrane is required for Amph-induced release. PMID- 7115418 TI - Identification of metabolites of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine, an antitumor and antiviral agent. AB - Analysis of blood from a dog given a 400 mg/m2 dose of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl 2-fluoroadenine (2-F-araA) led to the identification of parent drug and a major metabolite, 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluorohypoxanthine. 2-Fluoroadenine, a toxic derivative of 2-F-araA, was not detected in blood within the limits of detection, suggesting that parent drug was absorbed and distributed without systemic exposure to this toxic derivative. Parent drug, 2-fluoroadenine, and 9 beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluorohypoxanthine were identified in urine of dog, monkey, and mouse. PMID- 7115419 TI - Spectrophotometric assay for mammalian cytosolic epoxide hydrolase using trans stilbene oxide as the substrate. AB - A continuous spectrophotometric assay based on the differences in the ultraviolet spectra of trans-stilbene oxide (TSO) and its reaction product 1,2-diphenyl-1,2 ethanediol is described for the measurement of mammalian cytosolic epoxide hydrolase activity. Rates of TSO hydration determined by this method were similar to those obtained by independent analytical methods, and the assay is rapid, reproducible and relatively free from interference. PMID- 7115420 TI - Inhibition by lead of phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase. AB - Phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT) catalyzes the conversion of norepinephrine to epinephrine. The enzyme, obtained from bovine adrenal gland, was incubated with PbCl2 at 23 degrees for various times prior to assay at 37 degrees. Inhibition developed slowly and reached a maximum after 45 min. In the presence of 4.5 nmoles PbCl2 (15 microM), 5.8 microgram protein was inhibited 50%, and inhibition was complete at 18 nmoles PbCl2 (60 microM). At maximum inhibition the PbCl2: protein ratio was 3.1 nmoles PbCl2/microgram protein. In the presence of PbCl2, the graph of enzyme activity versus protein concentration intercepted the abscissa to the right of the origin, indicating that lead is an irreversible or very slowly reversible inhibitor. The activity of PNMT which had been exposed to PbCl2 (2.6 or 5.2 nmoles PbCl2/microgram protein) was not restored by the addition of EDTA, DL-penicillamine or 1,3-dithiothreitol even when the concentration of the chelator was in 10 to 200-fold mole excess over PbCl2. DL-Penicillamine and 1,3-dithiothreitol were unable to prevent PbCl2 inhibition of the enzyme when combined with PbCl2 1 hr before addition of enzyme. EDTA could prevent 40% of PbCl2 inhibition but a decrease in total enzyme activity was noted in the presence of this chelator. Dialysis of the PbCl2 inhibited enzyme against buffer alone or buffer plus DL-penicillamine did not result in restoration of PNMT activity. PMID- 7115422 TI - Interaction of aromatic aldehydes with isolated rat liver mitochondria. AB - It has been suggested that aromatic aldehydes may reduce cytochrome c [Wolf et al. Fedn Proc. 39 (3), 1013 (1980)]. Therefore, interaction of the aromatic aldehydes, p-anisaldehyde, benzaldehyde, p-tolualdehyde, p-carboxybenzaldehyde, p chlorobenzaldehyde and p-nitrobenzaldehyde, with rat liver mitochondria was examined in vitro. Although both pyruvate/malate- and succinate-mediated respiration, as well as that mediated by other citric acid cycle intermediates, were inhibited by the aromatic aldehydes (0.5 to 1.0 mM), cytochrome c oxidase was not inhibited by aromatic aldehydes (1.0 to 20 mM). There was a marked inhibition of succinic dehydrogenase and both ADP- and DNP-stimulated respiration by benzaldehyde (2 to 20 mM). Since both pyruvate/malate- and succinate-mediated respiration were inhibited by the aromatic aldehydes without inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase, several sites of inhibition, possibly both at the site of transport of substrates and the active enzymes, may exist. Benzaldehyde, 300 microM, inhibited pyruvate/malate-mediated state 3 respiration by 50% which suggests that no additional functional group or metabolism to another species is required for these inhibitory effects. PMID- 7115421 TI - Studies on the cyanamide-ethanol interaction. Dimethylcyanamide as an inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase in vivo. AB - Administration of dimethylcyanamide (DMC) to rats caused a marked elevation in ethanol-derived blood acetaldehyde (AcH) and depressed the specific activity of the low Km mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (AIDH) by 90% at 12-24 hr, coincident with depletion of hepatic glutathione levels. Comparison of the relative efficacy of DMC and cyanamide in elevating blood AcH measured at 2 hr and 1 hr post-drug treatment, respectively, indicated that DMC was at least one fifth as active as cyanamide. However, since the comparison was not made at optimal times for DMC (12-24 hr), it is likely that its activity in vivo approaches that of cyanamide itself. DMC was essentially inactive in vitro as an inhibitor of the low Km AIDH isozyme in intact rat liver mitochondria. Although methylcyanamide, the product of N-demethylation of DMC, was too unstable to be prepared for this evaluation, the higher monoalkyl cyanamide, n-propylcyanamide, was synthesized chemically and was shown to be a good inhibitor of the mitochondrial enzyme in vitro. These results suggest that DMC must be N demethylated before being converted to a reactive species that inhibits AIDH activity. PMID- 7115423 TI - Inhibition of hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes by Habu snake (trimeresurus flavoviridis) venom fractions. PMID- 7115424 TI - Effects of hydrocortisone and aspirin on protein synthesis and post-translational protein modification in cultured cells. AB - Arginyl-tRNA transferase is suggested to function as a post-translational modifier of proteins through the addition of arginine to the NH2-terminus of specific acceptor proteins. Both hydrocortisone and aspirin produced an age dependent stimulation of protein synthesis in normal human fibroblasts (IMR90), while producing an inhibition of protein synthesis in SV40 virus-transformed IMR90 cells. The effect of aspirin was confined primarily to the cytoplasmic compartment, whereas hydrocortisone produced its effect at both cytoplasmic and nuclear levels. Neither hydrocortisone nor aspirin had a direct effect on arginyl tRNA transferase activity in vitro; however, hydrocortisone resulted in a marked increase in the availability of chromosomal proteins subject to modification by arginyl-tRNA transferase. This stimulatory effect was attenuated by increasing culture age. The modified chromosomal proteins were found to be dissociated from native chromatin, suggesting that arginylation either triggered their release or prevented reassociation with chromatin thereafter. Hydrocortisone produced a moderate decrease in the availability of chromosomal proteins for arginylation in SV40 virus-transformed cells, and this effect was not modulated by aging phenomena. PMID- 7115425 TI - Collagen production rates following acute lung damage induced by butylated hydroxytoluene. PMID- 7115426 TI - Vinylidene chloride: its metabolism by hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 in vitro. PMID- 7115428 TI - Glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase activities in hepatic and extrahepatic tissues of female mice as a function of age. PMID- 7115427 TI - The 1,2-dichloroethylenes: their metabolism by hepatic cytochrome p-450 in vitro. AB - Cis- and trans-1,1-dichloroethylene bound to the active site of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 with the production of a Type I difference spectrum and stimulated CO-inhibitable hepatic microsomal NADPH oxidation. Incubation of cis- and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene plus hepatic microsomes, NADPH-generating system-EDTA resulted in the production of measurable levels of 2,2 dichloroethanol and dichloroacetaldehyde but not of 2-chloroethanol, chloroacetaldehyde or chloroacetic acid and, also, resulted in decreased levels of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 and heme. In addition, dichloroacetic acid was produced from trans-dichloroethylene under these experimental conditions. The omission of any component of the incubation mixture eliminated the above effects, while the inclusion of SKF-525A, metyrapone or CO:O2 (80, v/v) diminished these effects. The effects of beta-naphthoflavone and phenobarbital pretreatment on the values of Ks, delta Amax, Km and Vmax for the binding and metabolism of the 1,2 dichloroethylenes are reported. The binding and metabolism of the 1,2 dichloroethylenes and the 1,2-dichloroethylene-mediated inactivation of cytochrome P-450 were enhanced per mg of microsomal protein, but generally not per nmole of cytochrome P-450 by prior induction with beta-naphthoflavone or phenobarbital. It is concluded that multiple forms of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 bind and metabolize the 1,2-dichloroethylenes. The role of cytochrome P-450 in the metabolic activation of the dichloroethylenes is considered. PMID- 7115429 TI - Temperature dependence and effect of membrane lipid alteration on melphalan transport in L1210 murine leukemia cells. AB - The transport of melphalan by L1210 lymphoblastic leukemia cells was markedly temperature dependent, and the Arrhenius plot demonstrated a biphasic pattern. Modification of the lipid composition of the cell phospholipids had a significant effect on the transition temperature for melphalan transport even though the K'm and V'max were the same in both types of cells. This shift in transition temperature demonstrates that the discontinuity in the Arrhenius plot was the result of a lipid phase transition and not of an interaction of the two carrier mediated transport processes. These data indicating differential membrane lipid effects on the transport mechanism provide further evidence of a relationship between lipids and membrane drug transport. PMID- 7115430 TI - Effects of clofibrate and ethanol on the pathways of initial fatty acid oxidation. PMID- 7115431 TI - New method to increase the serotonin level in brain by carotid injection of desoxyfructo-serotonin in mice. PMID- 7115432 TI - Effect of cycloheximide on the incorporation of [14C]glucosamine into UDP-N acetylglucosamine, cell free and protein-bound N-acetylneuraminic acid, and plasma membrane glycoproteins of chicken liver. PMID- 7115433 TI - A C-S bond cleavage enzyme of cysteine conjugates in intestinal microorganisms. PMID- 7115434 TI - The effect of hepatocyte culture conditions on cytochrome P-450 linked drug metabolising enzymes. PMID- 7115435 TI - The effect of zinc and copper pretreatment on the binding of gold (I) to hepatic and renal metallothioneins. AB - In the first part of this study, single s.c. injections of gold (I) sodium thiomalate were given to male Wistar rats at various dose levels and sacrificed either at 48 hr or 4 days later. The results indicate that though metallothioneins play a significant role in the sequestration of renal gold, the ability of gold itself to induce synthesis of the metalloprotein was limited in the kidneys and practically insignificant in the liver. Pre-injection with zinc however, (4 mg/kg body wt), significantly (P less than 0.01) enhanced the uptake of gold into the metallothioneins both, in the liver as well as the kidneys. The pretreatment increased the proportion of cytosolic gold incorporated into the thioneins from 29% to 48% in the kidneys and from 22% to 47% in the liver. Concurrent increases in the uptake of zinc and copper into the thioneins was also observed. Pre-injection with copper induced a similar effect in the kidneys only. There was no significant difference in the overall uptake of gold into the cytosol itself between the control animals (injected with gold only) and those pretreated with either zinc or copper. This indicated that the increased uptake of gold into the thioneins in the pretreated animals were due to enhanced synthesis of metallothioneins and subsequent increased binding of gold to thioneins rather than increased levels of intracellular gold itself. It is suggested that increased protection against the deposition and possible toxicity of gold in the cell organelles of the liver and kidney tissues may be provided by an increased binding of gold to metallothioneins through pretreatment with zinc, and to a lesser extent copper. PMID- 7115437 TI - Monoamine oxidase activities in brown adipose tissue of the rat: some properties and subcellular distribution. PMID- 7115436 TI - Oxaprotiline, a noradrenaline uptake inhibitor with an active and an inactive enantiomer. PMID- 7115438 TI - Defective nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase reaction in hepatic mitochondria of N-(phosphonomethyl)-glycine treated rats. PMID- 7115439 TI - The effect of spironolactone pretreatment on digitoxin metabolism in isolated hepatocytes from male and female rats. PMID- 7115440 TI - Inhibitory effects of type A and type B monoamine oxidase inhibitors on synaptosomal accumulation of [3H]dopamine: a reflection of antidepressant potency. PMID- 7115441 TI - Effect of haloperidol pre- and post-treatment on the ability of pergolide and bromocriptine to antagonize the gamma-butyrolactone-induced increase in brain dopamine in rats. PMID- 7115442 TI - Long-term maintenance and induction of cytochrome P-450 in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. PMID- 7115443 TI - Cognitive dysfunction associated with naproxen and ibuprofen in the elderly. PMID- 7115444 TI - Concurrent naproxen- and penicillamine-induced renal disease in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7115446 TI - Collagen-induced arthritis in a human. PMID- 7115445 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis and mortality. PMID- 7115447 TI - Placental products in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7115448 TI - Myositis in Behcet's disease. PMID- 7115450 TI - Joint changes with progressive systemic sclerosis. PMID- 7115449 TI - The arthropathy of progressive systemic sclerosis. PMID- 7115451 TI - Controlled multicenter trial of tiopronin and d-penicillamine for rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Fifty-seven patients took part in a controlled double-blind trial between tiopronin and D-penicillamine as basic treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. Thirty nine (19 receiving tiopronin, 20 receiving D-penicillamine) completed the trial after 1 year. Both drugs resulted in a decrease of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, Ritchie index, and Lee index and in a sparing effect on symptomatic antiinflammatory therapy. Improvement in these variables was statistically highly significant at any interval with tiopronin, but was sometimes less or not at all significant with D-penicillamine. Nevertheless, the difference in effects between the 2 drugs never reached statistical significance. Six patients receiving tiopronin and 6 receiving D-penicillamine were taken out of the experiment because of side effects. PMID- 7115452 TI - Chronic arthritis of rabbits induced by mycoplasmas. III. Induction with nonviable Mycoplasma arthritidis antigens. AB - Preexposure of rabbits to Mycoplasma arthritidis predisposed them to subsequent development of chronic inflammation in knee joints challenged with nonviable M arthritidis antigens. Rabbits sensitized by hyperimmunization developed a more severe arthritis than those sensitized by infection. Unsensitized rabbits responded minimally to intraarticular injection of nonviable organisms. These results suggested that an immune response to a persisting mycoplasmal antigen might be capable of sustaining chronic inflammation in rabbits with arthritis induced by viable M arthritidis. PMID- 7115453 TI - Gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of synovial fluid. Succinic acid and lactic acid as markers for septic arthritis. AB - Nonvolatile short-chain fatty acids from 80 synovial fluids were quantified by gas-liquid chromatography. Succinic acid was detectable in all 23 septic synovial fluids infected with either gram-positive or gram-negative organisms and in only 5 of 57 nonseptic synovial fluids. Lactic acid was present in all of the effusions but was correlated with septic arthritis only when present in concentrations greater than 250 mg%. Neither short-chain fatty acid was more sensitive than high white blood cell counts (greater than 50,000 mm3) or depressed glucose concentration (less than 40 mg/dl) in diagnosing septic arthritis before antibiotic therapy; however, the detection of succinic acid was helpful in identifying patients with septic arthritis who had been given antibiotic treatment before arthrocentesis. Thus, gas-liquid chromatography, a rapid and sensitive method for the detection of short-chain fatty acids, may complement the currently available methods used to diagnose septic arthritis. PMID- 7115454 TI - Nailfold capillary abnormalities and clinical outcome in childhood dermatomyositis. AB - The nailfold capillary pattern was observed in a population of patients with childhood dermatomyositis. Distinctive nailfold capillary loop abnormalities were found in 11 of 19 childhood dermatomyositis patients and in none of 2 control populations (P less than 0.001). By a retrospective analysis of the childhood dermatomyositis patients, we found that the presence of nailfold capillary abnormalities correlates with more severe forms of the disease (ulcerative and chronic types), as opposed to limited type of disease. These changes occurred independently of disease activity or of cutaneous abnormalities. PMID- 7115455 TI - Mechanisms of abnormal platelet aggregation in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Platelet aggregation was measured in 14 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 13 normal controls. Ten SLE patients (group I) showed decreased responsiveness to collagen, while aggregation was normal in 4 (group II). Group I patients also responded poorly to epinephrine. Platelets from SLE patients did not differ from controls in the production of malondialdehyde in response to N-ethylmaleimide, suggesting intact prostaglandin synthetic pathways. However, a significant decrease (P less than 0.005) in platelet levels of the dense granule constituent, serotonin, was noted in group I SLE patients. Treatment of SLE platelet-rich plasma with deoxyribonuclease (DNase) resulted in enhancement of collagen-induced aggregation in 4 group I SLE patients, but not in 1 group II or 8 normal individuals. These results suggest that defective aggregation in SLE platelets may be partially related to a storage pool deficiency state. However, the ability to restore aggregation to collagen by digestion of platelet-rich plasma with DNase indicates that the defect is reversible and that it is perhaps mediated by plasma or platelet-associated DNA. PMID- 7115456 TI - National survey: preferred language elicitation procedures used in five age categories. PMID- 7115457 TI - Research on tactile communication of speech: a review. PMID- 7115458 TI - Platelets stimulate aortic smooth muscle cell migration in vitro. Involvement of 12-L-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid. AB - The migration of rat aortic smooth muscle cells was measured in modified Boyden chambers. Smooth muscle cells were motile in vitro and their migration was stimulated (time- and dose-dependently) by a platelet-derived factor. Treatment of platelets with indomethacin resulted in a significant increase in smooth muscle cell migration, whereas treatment with 5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid inhibited it. Purified 12-L-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid at a very low concentration (6 x 10(-15)-6 x 10(-13) g/ml) significantly stimulated smooth muscle cell migration. The locomotion induced by 12-L-hydroxy-5,8,10,14 eicosatetraenoic acid was chemokinetic. These findings point to the physiological importance of a platelet 12-lipoxygenase product of arachidonic acid in the early phase of atherosclerosis. PMID- 7115459 TI - Ultrastructure of experimental coronary artery atherosclerosis in cynomolgus macaques. A comparison with the lesions of other primates. AB - We studied the ultrastructure of the left anterior descending coronary artery in 6 female cynomolgus macaques fed atherogenic food containing 0.5% cholesterol for 6 months, and in 2 female cynomolgus macaques that had received food low in cholesterol. Animals given the atherogenic food had coronary artery lesions of a characteristic two-level architecture consisting of a lipid-poor upper cap, and of a lipid-rich lower core. The cap consisted of layers of smooth muscle cells that were rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum and contained few myofilaments and relatively few lipid droplet inclusions. The core consisted mainly of macrophages overloaded with droplet inclusions (macrophage foam cells), droplet-laden smooth muscle cells, and extracellular lipid and cell debris. Some macrophage foam cells were in mitosis. The largest lipid cores contained multinucleate giant cells with large intracellular crystal clefts. Dead macrophage foam cells were the source of the extracellular lipid and debris particles. Intimal cores often extended into the adjacent media. The adventitia was involved in the intima-media lesions in 3 of the animals. Compared with the coronary artery lesions of rhesus macaques and patas monkeys given similar atherogenic diets, cynomolgus monkey lesions were morphologically closer to human atherosclerotic plaques with respect to their stratification into a cap and a core. PMID- 7115461 TI - The metabolism of very low density and intermediate density lipoproteins in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia. AB - The metabolism of apolipoprotein B (apoB) in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) was studied in normal subjects and in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) after an intravenous injection of autologous VLDL labelled with 125I. There were no significant differences in half life, pool size and turnover rate (mg/kg/h) of VLDL-apoB between the normal subjects, the FH heterozygotes and the FH homozygotes. IDL-apoB metabolism in the FH patients differed significantly from that in the normal subjects. In the FH patients, the rise to the maximum of the specific activity curve was slower, the half life of the descending limb of the specific-activity curve was longer, the fractional rate of turnover was lower and the plasma concentration was higher than in the normals. The effect of cholestyramine on IDL-apoB metabolism in the normal subjects did not differ from that in the FH heterozygotes and homozygotes, though cholestyramine is known to stimulate hepatic uptake of low density lipoprotein (LDL) by the LDL receptor. It is suggested that in normal human subjects the LDL receptor makes some contribution to the hepatic uptake of IDL apoB derived from VLDL, but that IDL uptake is mediated partly by a separate receptor that recognizes apolipoprotein E but not apoB. PMID- 7115460 TI - Serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in Chinese healthy subjects and patients with certain diseases. AB - Serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) were determined, and values of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-C/TC (%), and the LDL-C/HDL-C (ratio) were calculated in 1101 healthy Chinese men and women, 77 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), 70 patients with cerebral vascular disease (CVD), 64 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), 40 bilaterally oophorectomized women and 95 women using oral contraceptives. Serum HDL-C levels seemed higher and LDL-C levels lower in the healthy Chinese population as compared with those previously reported from European and American whites. Serum HDL-C was significantly higher in fertile females than in males of comparable ages. We failed to demonstrate any sharp fall in HDL-C after the menopause or bilateral oophorectomy. Serum HDL-C levels were significantly lower in both CHD and CVD patients than in healthy subjects of comparable sex and age. Concomitant increases in serum TC, LDL-C and TG, however, were found in CHD patients but not in CVD patients. No abnormality in the mean serum HDL-C level was found in DM patients. However, those complicated with CHD had significantly lower HDL-C than those without CHD. A striking serum HDL-C lowering effect was found with some kinds of oral contraceptives. PMID- 7115462 TI - Narrow superficial injury to rabbit aortic endothelium. The healing process as observed by scanning electron microscopy. AB - A study was made of the healing of aortic endothelium in rabbits following the production of a defined superficial injury. This was induced using a fine nylon filament which removed the endothelial cells without producing significant damage to underlying structures. The morphology of the injury and subsequent repair was observed using light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Two forms of injury were produced (a) a longitudinal injury along the full length of the aorta which was 50-80 microns wide (about 5-8 cell widths), (b) a circumferential injury approximately 80 microns wide (about 2 cell lengths). Thirty minutes after injury the exposed tissue was almost devoid of adherent cells, but after 4 h became covered by a sparse monolayer of platelets. Occasional leukocytes were also present from 7 h after injury. Injury tracks were found to repair very quickly; re-endothelialisation being complete by 48 h and there being no sign of injury by 7 days. PMID- 7115463 TI - The cell population of aortic fatty streaks in African green monkeys with special reference to granulocytic cells. An ultrastructural study. AB - It is generally accepted that the cell population of naturally occurring and experimental atherosclerotic lesions is constituted by smooth muscle cells and non-myogenic foam cells of monocytic origin. In the present investigation we studied aortic fatty streaks from cholesterol-fed African green monkeys. In addition to the traditionally recognized cell types, the majority of the lesions examined contained intimal granulocytic cells identified by their ultrastructural characteristics and granular content as neutrophils, mast cells-basophils, and eosinophils. The neutrophils, and mast cells-basophils additionally contained numerous cytoplasmic lipid droplets. The consistent observation of these cell types in our material suggests that these granulocytic elements are part of the cell population of fatty streaks. The role of these cells is not clear as yet, but it is likely that the enzymatic activity of neutrophils such as lipase, phospholipases A and B, elastase and collagenase may play a role in the clearing of arterial lipid as well as in arterial wall remodeling. The content and release of heparin and histamine by basophils and mast cells may play a role in preventing thrombus formation and in promoting lipolysis. Eosinophil peroxidase may activate histamine release by basophils and mast cells. The cytoplasmic lipid accumulation by neutrophils, basophils and mast cells may in turn contribute to the population of foam cells in these lesions. PMID- 7115464 TI - Smoking, alcohol and coronary artery occlusion. AB - The effects of smoking and alcohol intake on the extent of coronary artery occlusion were studied in 2989 men undergoing a diagnostic coronary arteriography. Smoking showed an exposure-related enhancing effect on the extent of coronary artery occlusion. Conversely, alcohol consumption demonstrated an attenuating dose-related effect, offsetting the increased coronary occlusion associated with smoking. Alcohol intake should be considered in studies evaluating the risk factors--coronary artery disease interaction. PMID- 7115465 TI - Lack of effect of ascorbic acid on serum lipoprotein concentrations in patients with hypertriglyceridaemia. AB - Previous studies on the possible effects of ascorbic acid on lowering serum triglycerides have given conflicting results. We have treated 9 patients with stable type IV hyperlipoproteinaemia despite adequate dietary treatment with placebo for 1 month, followed by ascorbic acid at 1 g twice daily for another month. Ascorbic acid did not change either triglyceride or cholesterol in whole serum or in any lipoprotein fraction. We conclude that treatment for 1 month with 2 g of ascorbic acid per day has no effects on lowering triglyceride concentrations. PMID- 7115466 TI - Accumulation of lipoproteins containing Apo B in the aorta of cholesterol-fed cynomolgus monkeys. PMID- 7115467 TI - Population-based reference values for lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT). AB - Plasma unesterified cholesterol is converted to cholesteryl ester by the enzyme lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT). Plasma levels of LCAT were measured by a sensitive double antibody radioimmunoassay in a sample from an adult employee population, ages 20-59 years, in the Pacific Northwest. After adjusting for differences in relative body mass, women had significantly higher LCAT levels (5.90 +/- 1.06, n = 154) than men (5.49 +/- 0.89, n = 83). For ages 20-59 years, LCAT levels showed a slight association with age: r = 0.13 for men and 0.29 for women. LCAT was positively correlated with relative body mass, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol. Men who smoked cigarettes had significantly lower LCAT mass than men who did not smoke cigarettes. No statistical differences in mean LCAT values were found between drinkers and nondrinkers. The 5th percentile LCAT value was 4.3 micrograms/ml for both men and women not using hormones. The 95th percentile value was 7.3 micrograms/ml for men and 7.8 micrograms/ml for women regardless of hormone use. Subjects phenotypically LCAT-deficient by clinical criteria and by the absence or near absence of LCAT activity had levels of LCAT mass well below the reference values: 0.73 +/- 0.70, range 0.10 micrograms/ml to 2.65 micrograms/ml, n = 20. Parents or children of LCAT-deficient subjects, i.e., obligate heterozygotes for familial LCAT deficiency, had reduced levels: 3.59 +/- 0.69, range 2.59-4.61 micrograms/ml, n = 19. PMID- 7115468 TI - Effects of drinking patterns on the relationship between alcohol an coronary occlusion. AB - Previous reports have described an inverse relationship between alcohol consumption and the prevalence of myocardial infarction or the extent of coronary artery occlusion. The study reported here explored the relationship between patterns of alcohol intake and coronary occlusion in 526 patients who have had coronary arteriography. Patients were characterized as regular drinkers, occasional drinkers and non-drinkers. Regular drinkers were further characterized as drinking relatively consistent amounts or variable amounts. The inverse correlation between amounts of alcohol consumed and coronary occlusion found in previous studies was reaffirmed. It was also observed that the pattern of alcohol intake was related to the degree of occlusion. Higher levels of occlusion were found among non-drinkers, occasional drinkers, and regular drinkers with patterns of variable intake, while significantly lower levels of occlusion were observed for regular drinkers who drank relatively consistent amounts (P = 0.014). Furthermore, while occlusion scores were inversely correlated with amounts consumed by regular drinkers with consistent intake (P = 0.019), drinkers with variable drinking patterns had higher occlusion scores regardless of amounts consumed. Analyses of serum lipids according to drinking patterns showed a significant association between the total/HDL cholesterol ratio and drinking patterns. These findings suggest that whatever attenuating effect alcohol consumption might exert on coronary occlusion, it appears to be reversed by a variable or sporadic pattern of alcohol intake. PMID- 7115469 TI - Sex differences in aortic cholesterol esterase activity in rats, and changes of the activity following castration and gonadal hormone treatment. AB - Sex differences in aortic cholesterol esterase activity and changes in the activity following castration and gonadal hormone treatment were investigated in rats. Differences in the enzyme activity were apparent after 2.5 months and became most significant after 6 months. The activity in the aorta and the liver was significantly higher in female rats. Prepubertal orchiectomy increased the aortic activity, feminizing the type of metabolism, whereas postpubertal orchiectomy, and both pre- and postpubertal ovariectomy induced no change in the activity. The administration of testosterone to female rats significantly decreased the aortic activity, masculinizing the type of metabolism. However, the administration of testosterone or of 17 beta-estradiol to male rats had no effect. These results suggest (1) that there are clear sex differences in aortic cholesterol esterase activity, (2) that prepubertal exposure to androgens plays a critical role in the sexual differentiation in aortic and hepatic cholesterol ester metabolism, and (3) that the administration of testosterone can temporarily masculinize the type of metabolism. These results partly explain the sexual differences in susceptibility to atherosclerosis. PMID- 7115470 TI - Binding properties of circulating Evans blue in rabbits as determined by disc electrophoresis. AB - Following injections of Evans blue (1-200 mg/kg) into rabbits, polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis showed that Evans blue binds to two protein fractions. The greater part was bound to albumin and the remainder to a plasma protein in the postalbumin fraction. Unbound Evans blue was present in each plasma sample analyzed. Attempts to liberate the dye from the coloured areas of the aorta and common carotid arteries by tissue electrophoresis failed unless very high concentrations of Evans blue were used. This indicates that at the concentrations used by many investigators areas dyed by Evans blue may not be equated with the presence of diffusible protein-dye complexes. PMID- 7115471 TI - High density lipoprotein subfraction cholesterol in hypertriglyceridaemia. PMID- 7115472 TI - Lipoprotein levels and tissue lipids in fatty-fibrous atherosclerosis induced in rabbits by two years' cholesterol feeding at a low level. AB - A group of 12 young NZW rabbits of the same breeding strain were fed a diet enriched with 0.1% cholesterol by weight. The resulting modest hypercholesterolaemia resolved after 4-5 months. Two animals that died during this period showed no gross or microscopic atherosclerosis. After 6 months, the dietary cholesterol was increased to 0.2%. In some animals this resulted in moderate hypercholesterolaemia. One animal that died at this time showed no atherosclerosis with a mean serum cholesterol level of 224 mg/dl. Just after one year, dietary cholesterol was increased to 0.3%. This resulted in definite hypercholesterolaemia in some animals, but a few resisted the treatment with mean serum cholesterol levels around 40-60 mg/dl. In general, animals with established hypercholesterolaemia showed severe atherosclerosis, but often of a more fibrous and less cellular nature than is usual in the rabbit. Aortic wall cholesterol content (on a weight basis) correlated positively with serum cholesterol concentration (r = + 0.69, P approximately 0.05) and negatively with the ratio of HDL cholesterol to (LDL plus VLDL) cholesterol (double log plot: r = -0.79, P less than 0.025). PMID- 7115474 TI - Effects of dietary garlic and temporal drift on platelet aggregation. PMID- 7115473 TI - Elevated lipoprotein lipase activity in skeletal muscle tissue during treatment of hypertriglyceridaemic patients with bezafibrate. AB - Eleven hypertriglyceridaemic patients were treated with 600 mg bezafibrate daily for 2 months. The mean serum triglyceride concentration decreased by 35% (P less than 0.01) corresponding to a reduction in the very low density lipoprotein triglycerides by 41% (P less than 0.01). The high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration and the serum concentration of apolipoproteins AI and AII increased by 19% (P less than 0.02), 11% (N.S., P less than 0.08) and 24% (P less than 0.01), respectively. The fractional removal rate (K2) in the intravenous fat tolerance test (IVFTT) increased by 37% (P less than 0.001). This was associated with significant increase of the skeletal muscle lipoprotein lipase activity ( + 39%, P less than 0.05). The mean value for the adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity remained unchanged. The K2 at IVFTT was correlated highly significantly to the activity of skeletal muscle lipoprotein lipase (r = 0.85, P less than 0.01). The present study indicates that the main reason for the reduction of the serum triglycerides during treatment with bezafibrate may be an increased activity of the skeletal muscle tissue lipoprotein lipase activity. PMID- 7115475 TI - Tender loving care and atheroma in cholesterol-fed N.Z. white rabbits. PMID- 7115476 TI - Is an elevated ESR a risk factor for stroke? PMID- 7115477 TI - Elevation of serum lipids after chronic administration of amiodarone in rabbits. AB - Amiodarone hydrochloride is a potent, iodine-containing antiarrhythmic compound with a long elimination half-life, whose cardiac action appears to be mediated through an interference with thyroxine-dependent pathways in the heart. Whether it has any effect on lipid metabolism is not known. Its effect (20 mg/kg per day intraperitoneally) after 3 and 6 weeks of treatment on changes in serum lipoproteins were studied in male New Zealand white rabbits. Serum amiodarone levels reached a steady state (approximately 0.05 microgram/ml) after 3 weeks, and serum reverse T3 (an index of drug dose and duration of treatment) increased 3-4 fold by 3 and 6 weeks. In two discrete sets of studies, serum triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (CHOL) increased significantly (P less than 0.01) after 3 and 6 weeks on amiodarone when compared to the values in a control series of animals. Phospholipid (PL) levels were not changed. Very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) in the drug-treated groups showed a significant increase in triglyceride (P less than 0.01) and in apoprotein B (P less than 0.05). There was no change in low density lipoprotein-apoprotein B levels. Whether the abnormalities observed in serum lipids induced by amiodarone are mediated through changes in thyroid hormones or occur as a result of a direct effect on lipid metabolism is unknown, but the problem merits further investigation. PMID- 7115478 TI - A unified model of esterified cholesterol exchanges between human plasma lipoproteins. AB - Exchanges of esterified cholesterol between human high density lipoproteins (HDL) and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and between VLDL and low density lipoproteins (LDL) have been fitted to a mathematical model previously developed to describe exchanges between human HDL and LDL. In all cases the fit of the model predicted exchanges to those measured experimentally was extremely good, thus greatly increasing confidence in the validity of the model. The model assumes that esterified cholesterol exchanges are achieved by means of a transfer protein which interacts with lipoprotein particles from which it picks up and deposits esterified cholesterol. The values generated for the model constants indicated that, given equal concentrations of esterified cholesterol in each fraction, the relative probability that the transfer protein will pick up a molecule of esterified cholesterol in HDL vs. VLDL vs. LDL is in the ratio 28.9:4.65:1. According to the model the transfer protein may 'bind' to lipoproteins. The model predicts that, at physiological lipoprotein concentrations, the proportion of transfer protein bound to HDL will be more than double that which is unbound to lipoprotein and that bound to VLDL will be about one tenth that unbound. The model was unable to detect evidence of the transfer protein binding to LDL. PMID- 7115479 TI - Further evidence for the role of high density lipoprotein in the removal of tissue cholesterol in vivo. AB - The lipoproteins of human peripheral lymph and plasma were separated according to particle size by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. All samples of lymph contained lipoproteins that moved to the same positions on the gel as plasma LDL and plasma HDL. Some samples of lymph also contained lipoproteins with the mobility of VLDL and IDL. The lymph lipoproteins corresponding to plasma LDL reacted with anti-LDL serum and those corresponding to plasma HDL reacted with anti-HDL serum. In the lipoprotein fraction with the mobility of HDL, the proportion of particles larger than catalase was greater in lymph than in plasma. It is suggested that the shift in size distribution towards larger HDL particles in lymph compared with plasma is due to uptake of cholesterol from extravascular tissue by HDL particles after they have reached the interstitial fluid from the plasma, rather than to preferential movement of larger particles across the capillary walls. PMID- 7115480 TI - Comparison between the hypercholesterolaemia in rabbits induced by semipurified diets containing either cholesterol or casein. AB - Rabbits were fed a semipurified diet containing soy protein for 4 weeks and subsequently transferred to a semipurified diet containing soy protein plus cholesterol (2 g/kg), or a semipurified diet containing casein as protein source. One group of rabbits was fed the soy protein diet throughout the entire experimental period. Blood samples from the animals were taken after an overnight fast. The rabbits transferred to the soy plus cholesterol diet and to the casein diet showed a significant increase in serum cholesterol concentration after 1 and 3 days, respectively. The cholesterol and protein content of the LDL1 (1.019 less than p20 less than 1.040) fraction was markedly increased after 3 days on the casein and soy plus cholesterol diets. Thereafter the cholesterol, but not the protein concentration increased in the IDL1 (1.006 less than p20 less than 1.012) and VLDL (p20 less than 1.006) fractions, the effect being earlier and more pronounced in the soy plus cholesterol-fed animals. When compared to the soy-fed animals, the casein and soy plus cholesterol-fed animals showed a marked increase in the apoprotein E content of their VLDL and IDL fractions. It is concluded that cholesterol- and casein-induced hypercholesterolaemia in rabbits develop in a similar manner. In both hypercholesterolaemias the cholesterol concentration increases first in the LDL fraction and subsequently in the IDL and VLDL fractions. PMID- 7115481 TI - High density lipoproteins unaffected by dietary fat modification. AB - Since diets containing a high P/S ratio have been reported to have detrimental effects on HDL, the effect of a moderately modified fat diet (P/S ratio 1.0, cholesterol content 250 mg/day) was investigated in 30 healthy male volunteers, divided into 2 groups. They were either given a modified fat diet or an isocaloric control diet (P/S ratio 0.3, cholesterol content 370 mg/day) for 3 months each in a cross-over design. After 3 months of the polyunsaturated fat diet LDL cholesterol was significantly lowered by 19 and 13%, respectively, in both groups. This effect was already apparent after 4 weeks. Apo A-I and cholesterol in serum and the subfractions HDL2 and HDL3 remained unchanged. Consequently, the ratio LDL/HDL cholesterol was decreased by this diet. Dietary adherence was good according to the typical changes of the linoleic acid content in serum cholesteryl esters, to the dietary recalls and to the constant body weight. We conclude that a moderately modified fat diet supplied from mixed general food is acceptable for longer periods, effectively lowers LDL cholesterol, even in normolipoproteinemic subjects, and has no detrimental effects on HDL. PMID- 7115482 TI - Contraindications to reconstitution of sexually abusive families. PMID- 7115483 TI - [Changes in the physical development and health of children and adolescents in the Estonian SSR]. PMID- 7115484 TI - [Possibility of predicting the toxicity of aromatic polyamines from their thermal oxidative breakdown]. PMID- 7115485 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of diethyl mercury as an atmospheric pollutant]. PMID- 7115486 TI - [Clinical relevance of nuclear medicine diagnosis and therapy of thyroid diseases. Abstracts]. PMID- 7115487 TI - [Model of hormonal regulation of the contractile activity of the fallopian tubes]. PMID- 7115488 TI - [Influence of organic solvents on the binding of spin-labeled indole derivatives to serum albumin]. PMID- 7115490 TI - [Increased lysosomal membrane permeability in hexachlorobenzene poisoning in rabbits]. AB - To assess the effect of the fungicide hexachlorobenzene (HCB) on lysosomal membrane stability in rabbits, the authors determined the activity of two lysosomal enzymes (beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, CP 3.2.1.30 and alpha mannosidase, CP 3.2.1.24) in the blood serum, and free unsedimentable activity of the former enzyme in liver homogenates. The activities of beta-N acetylglucosaminidase and alpha-mannosidase were found to be enhanced on the 7th and 50th days after daily administration of HCB in doses 280 and 105 mumol/kg body mass, respectively. In chronic experiments, there was also an increase in free and unsedimentable activity of beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase in liver homogenates. Increased permeability of lysosomal membranes due to HCB indicates that lysosomes and acid hydrolases are implicated in the pathogenesis of intoxication under consideration. PMID- 7115489 TI - [Specific binding of serotonin by blood leukocytes and peritoneal cells in the mouse]. AB - It was shown that blood leukocytes and peritoneal cells of mice specifically bind serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) in amounts which exceed manyfold its binding by the cells of thymus, lymphatic nodes, spleen, Peyer's patches and bone marrow. The nature of this binding suggests that peritoneal cells and blood leukocytes contain cell populations (apart from those already known ones) capable of binding and trapping of serotonin. PMID- 7115491 TI - [Exocytosis of peripheral blood leukocyte enzymes in aseptic inflammation]. PMID- 7115492 TI - [Contractile function of the gallbladder as affected by pancreozymin after right sided subphrenic vagotomy and resection of the anterior hepatic plexus]. PMID- 7115493 TI - [Gas chromatographic determination of ethylene oxide in the air]. PMID- 7115494 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of multicomponent mixtures of the volatile products from the thermal oxidative breakdown of lubricating oils]. PMID- 7115495 TI - [Index screening in precancerous conditions and cancer of the stomach]. PMID- 7115496 TI - [Tailward acceleration tolerance of middle-aged persons before and after a 7-day immersion]. AB - Before and after 7-day immersion 6 healthy male test subjects, aged 41 to 49, were exposed to +3 GZ for 60 sec in a centrifuge with an arm of 7.25 m. The runs were repeated 12 times. The test subjects well tolerated the exposure before and after immersion. However, after immersion the physiological systems functioned in a more stressful manner than prior to immersion. This can be attributed to the deconditioning caused by simulated weightlessness. The comparison of the experimental findings with the literature data gives evidence that the pattern and level of physiological changes induced by an exposure to +3 GZ for 60 sec in the test subjects, aged 41 to 49, do not differ significantly from those in younger (aged 23 to 36) people. PMID- 7115498 TI - [Use of prolonged peridural anesthesia during surgery in aged and elderly patients with fractures of the proximal femur]. PMID- 7115497 TI - [Modification of a method for determining ozone by its reaction with diacetyldihydrolutidine]. PMID- 7115499 TI - [Treatment of diaphyseal fractures of the femur in children]. PMID- 7115500 TI - [Hormonal therapy of secondary (hypogonadotropic) hypogonadism in boys]. PMID- 7115502 TI - [Effect of the heliogeomagnetic situation on cell monolayers and the distant intercellular interactions at high latitudes]. PMID- 7115503 TI - [Diagnostic errors in pulmonology]. PMID- 7115501 TI - [Steroid hormone content of the peritoneal fluid of women during the menstrual cycle]. PMID- 7115504 TI - [Functional-morphological characteristics of blood platelets in nonspecific myocarditis and cardiomyopathies]. PMID- 7115505 TI - [Monitoring of the risk of development of true cardiogenic shock and its differentiation with reflex collapse during the acute period of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7115506 TI - [Relationship between the activity of sympathico-adrenal system and clinico physiological parameters in patients with ischemic heart disease during inderal therapy]. PMID- 7115507 TI - [Psychophysiological correlates in patients with permanent auricular fibrillation]. PMID- 7115508 TI - [Combined treatment of traumatic osteomyelitis of the mandible]. PMID- 7115509 TI - [Clinic-anatomical characteristics of the cardiovascular system in traumatic spinal cord injuries]. PMID- 7115510 TI - [Sturge-Weber encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis (clinico-electroneuromyographic study)]. PMID- 7115512 TI - [Clinical aspects and treatment of mental disorders in the acute period of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7115511 TI - [Cyclic structures from mouse and human DNA as a possible model of the mobile elements of the eukaryotic genome]. PMID- 7115513 TI - [Technical maintenance of dental equipment]. PMID- 7115515 TI - [Characteristics of the course of pneumonia in a patient after submersion in a river]. PMID- 7115514 TI - [Selective pneumoperitoneum during fibrothorax development following pneumonectomy]. PMID- 7115516 TI - [Therapeutic procedure after cataract extraction]. PMID- 7115518 TI - [Work organization of a regimental medical center in a mountain-desert (steppe) locality during the conduct of combat operations with regular resources]. PMID- 7115517 TI - [Determination of the effectiveness of comprehensive conservative treatment of scoliosis from x-ray parameters]. PMID- 7115519 TI - [Role of a geomagnetic field in altering the properties of erythrocyte surface membranes in chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 7115520 TI - [Anticholinesterase properties and metabolism of new thiophosphonates with a carboxy ester bond in the phosphoryl portion of the molecule]. AB - Introduction of the carboxyester bond into the phosphoryl part of thiophosphonate molecules did not affect their capacity to inhibit cholinesterases, but increased the rate of enzymatic detoxication of the preparations. The enzymatic turnover of the drugs studied occurred in rat tissues mainly be means of hydrolysis of the complex-ester bond. The carboxyesterase hydrolysis of these drugs was apparently carried out involving the unspecific enzyme aliesterase (EC 3.1.1.1.). PMID- 7115521 TI - [Carcinoembryonic antigen in lung cancer patients]. AB - Radioimmunoassay of carcino-embryonic antigen was conducted in lung cancer patients before and after surgery. Elevated concentrations of the antigen before operation was registered in 84.8% of cases. Antigen levels returned to normal after radical removal of tumor and rose sharply as a result of chemotherapy toxicity. A similar pattern of changes in carcino-embryonic antigen level was observed in cases of disseminated and recurrent cancer. PMID- 7115522 TI - [Differential diagnosis of influenzal meningoencephalitis and tumors of the brain hemispheres]. PMID- 7115523 TI - [comparison of indices of the blood rheological status in chronic ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7115525 TI - [Contact dermatitis due to parsley]. PMID- 7115524 TI - [Changes in the granulocytopoietic system in erysipelatous inflammation]. PMID- 7115526 TI - [Importance of disorders of the rheologic properties of blood in the pathogenesis of post-resuscitative circulatory failure]. PMID- 7115527 TI - [Changes in thrombocyte functional properties after hyperbaric exposure]. AB - The data are presented of the investigation of the effect of single pressure impulses on the shape and aggregation ability of platelets. The pressure impulses have been shown to lead to the activation of platelets which is not unequivocally associated with cell spherulation. It is suggested that the activating of the pressure impulses in vivo may maintain platelets in the state of activation which only slightly differs from the level of activation necessary for adhesion to an impaired site of the vascular wall. PMID- 7115529 TI - [Nonspecific diseases of railroad transport workers]. PMID- 7115528 TI - [Effect of enkephalin and cimetidine on the occurrence and course of duodenal ulcers in rats]. AB - A study was made of the effect of a synthetic enkephalin analog and cimetidinee on experimental duodenal ulcer in rats induced by cysteamine administration. The ulcers were demonstrated to heal within 4 weeks. It was noted that ulcer occurrence was preceded by the increased serum gastrin level. Administration to rats of the enkephalin analog accelerated ulcer healing to a greater extent than that of cimetidin. It is suggested that one of the mechanisms of enkephalin analog protective action might involve the prevention of the gastrin increased level. PMID- 7115530 TI - [Experimental basis for the maximum permissible level of methylene chloride contamination of the skin]. PMID- 7115531 TI - [Tactics in the complex examination of women with breast dysplasia and breast neoplasms]. PMID- 7115532 TI - [Vascular disorders and trophic disorders in the fingers in acrosclerosis]. PMID- 7115533 TI - [Acceleration of thiol compound oxidation under increasing solar activity]. PMID- 7115534 TI - [Intensive therapy of severe variants of late pregnancy toxemia]. PMID- 7115535 TI - [Health status of children's collectives as a necessary element in health inspection]. PMID- 7115536 TI - [Diagnosis of tonsillogenic myocardiodystrophy]. PMID- 7115537 TI - [Changes in the foot in aging under different conditions of body stress and in relation to body weight]. PMID- 7115538 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic procedure in bone metastases in various age groups]. PMID- 7115539 TI - [Primary malignant liver tumors in children]. PMID- 7115540 TI - [Improvement in the early diagnosis of precancerous conditions and breast cancer]. PMID- 7115541 TI - Preparation of high molecular weight glycopeptides and oligosaccharides (erythroglycan) from human erythrocytes. PMID- 7115543 TI - [Esophageal atresia and tracheo-esophageal fistula treatment (author's transl)]. AB - One hundred and twenty-six cases of esophageal atresia from two important centers of Belgium were gathered and subdivided into two groups. Group I ranges from 1969 to 1974 and group II from 1975 to 1980. There was an increase of the postoperative survival rate from 70% to 91%. Nevertheless, a great number of patients die in the late postoperative period (10%), mainly due to the associated cardiac pathology. Thus, the final survival rate is much smaller: 72% in group I, 77% in group II. The basic principles of diagnostic approach, the preoperative as well as the operative strategy are the same in both centers. Secondary interventions, however, are different in these two centers, but the coloplasty as well as the Howard technique have given excellent results. Eleven patients presented the isolated H-shaped tracheo-esophageal fistula. This group was treated separately because of the excellent results of treatment (100% survival). PMID- 7115542 TI - Radioimmunoassay of motilin. PMID- 7115544 TI - [Experiences with the new teaching program for the special subject radiology in the basic study of stomatology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7115545 TI - [Massive blood transfusion in 50 seriously injured patients. Occurrence of pulmonary oedema (author's transl)]. AB - This retrospective study shows correlations between the occurrence of pulmonary and massive blood transfusion in 50 seriously injured patients. They received massive transfusions on an average of 13 titers (minimum 51, maximum 30 l) including from 0 to 7,51 of macromolecular solutions (average 2,43 1). These seriously injured patients were divided into 4 groups: --20 thoracic injured patients with associated abdominal lesions, --15 thoracic injured patients without any abdominal lesions, --4 peripheral traumatism with abdominal lesions, -11 polytraumatic patients (considering only lesions of the limbs). There is a significant difference between seriously injured patients with associated abdominal lesions who were transfused and the other groups studied. Sixteen patients experienced pulmonary edema the diagnosis of which was reinforced on grounds of clinical, biological and radiological evidences. Significant difference (p:minor 0,05) were noted as regard the incidence of pulmonary edema when comparing the volume of fluids administrated to the different groups. New out of 16 patients died, mainly because of refractory hypoxia. When more than 25 liters of fluids are transfused, the prognosis is poor. Though pulmonary edema may be brought about by transfusion, other etiologic possibilities are to be investigated. PMID- 7115546 TI - Nutrition and hyperactivity. PMID- 7115548 TI - Antisecretory and protective properties of prostaglandin analogs in man. PMID- 7115549 TI - [Studies on the efficacy of artemether in experimental schistosomiasis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7115547 TI - [Role of endogenous substances in creating a background of increased radioresistance. 16. Effect of AET derivatives on the endogenous background of radioresistance]. PMID- 7115552 TI - CT appearances of celiac axis occlusion with mesenteric steal syndrome--a case report. PMID- 7115551 TI - [Detection of skin cancers of the face]. PMID- 7115550 TI - Distribution of actin-binding protein and myosin in neutrophils during chemotaxis and phagocytosis. PMID- 7115553 TI - [Duodenal polyps (author's transl)]. PMID- 7115554 TI - Mitral anular calcification: clinical and echocardiographic findings. PMID- 7115556 TI - [Changes of mucociliary transport in the upper respiratory tract in man under various conditions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7115555 TI - Meconium ileus with cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7115557 TI - Plasma concentrations of human chorionic gonadotropin from the time of implantation until the second week of pregnancy. AB - A systematic study of the daily concentrations of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in maternal circulation following the time of probable implantation in 19 normal pregnancies was carried out. With the use of a specific antiserum to hCG beta-subunit, significant increases in circulating hCG were observed by day 8 following the luteinizing hormone (LH) peak in 5.3% of cycles. by day 9 in 15.8%, by day 10 in 53.2%, and by day 11 in 100% of the cycles resulting in a normal pregnancy. After an initial rapid rise, mean plasma concentrations rose exponentially, with a doubling time of 1.3 days, to reach concentrations between 50 and 250 IU/l at the time of the first missed period. The time of detection of hCG was in close agreement with the anticipated time for this event estimated from morphologic studies. In three abnormal pregnancies, all of which ended in spontaneous abortion, hCG concentrations became progressively more abnormal from within 2 to 5 days of the appearance of this hormone in maternal plasma. Despite this, actual abortion did not occur for several days, or in one case for several weeks, after the divergence of hCG concentration from the normal range. PMID- 7115558 TI - [Teratogenicity by trypan red (author's transl)]. PMID- 7115561 TI - [Cerebrospinal fluid of premature newborn infants during the neonatal period. II. Cytomorphological study]. PMID- 7115560 TI - [Chronic hepatitis in children. Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations]. PMID- 7115562 TI - [Lactose absorption in intestinal parasitosis]. PMID- 7115559 TI - Pulse corticosteroid therapy for refractory thrombocytopenia in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and severe thrombocytopenia was refractory to therapy with prednisone, alone or in combination with cyclophosphamide or vincristine. Intravenous pulse therapy with methylprednisolone was associated with an increased platelet count from 4,000/mm3, to 52,000/mm3, but the response was short-lived. A second course of pulse therapy was also successful, and splenectomy was safely performed. The platelet count has remained normal for 15 months after surgery, allowing prednisone to be tapered and discontinued. Intravenous pulse therapy with methylprednisolone may be a safe alternative in preparing patients with profound, refractory thrombocytopenia for splenectomy. PMID- 7115563 TI - [Bartter's syndrome. Apropos of 2 clinical cases]. PMID- 7115564 TI - [Sydenham's chorea. Clinical study of 30 cases]. PMID- 7115565 TI - [Pyretotherapy as a treatment in West syndrome]. PMID- 7115567 TI - Comparing frontal and lateral viewing in the pigeon. I. Tachistoscopic visual acuity as a function of distance. AB - Pigeon's visual acuity has mainly been tested in free viewing conditions so that the direction of gaze could not be controlled. In order to be able to compare the resolving power of the two retinal areas of higher cellular density--the area dorsalis in the red field with frontal binocular projection and the fovea centralis with lateral monocular projection--a method of behavioural fixation was used. This method consists in a forced pecking schedule and a tachistocopic presentation of the stimulus. The pigeon has to discriminate the orientation (vertical, positive; horizontal, negative) of square gratings of increasing spatial frequency. Tests were done with the stimuli appearing 25 degrees below the beak for frontal and 80 degrees back from the beak for lateral viewing, at distances of 10, 20, 40 and 80 cm for each direction. Results show that while frontal acuity decreases with distance, lateral acuity increases with distance. These psychophysical data confirm previous dioptric measurements done on frozen eyes, showing that the pigeon is myopic in the frontal field and hyperopic in the lateral field. Pigeons seem to be well adapted for visually guided frontal tasks at near distances (feeding, landing) and for visually guided lateral tasks at far distances (warning). PMID- 7115568 TI - The visual field in monocularly deprived cats and its permanence. AB - The present study had two primary aims. The first was to determine the extent of the visual field of the deprived eye of a monocularly deprived cat using visual perimetry techniques, since recent reports have been contrary to previous research. The second aim was to determine whether enucleation of the experienced eye of a monocularly deprived cat was associated with any increase in the extent of the visual field of the deprived eye compared to forced usage (reverse suture). The results indicate that the extent of the visual field using the deprived eye is limited to the ipsilateral monocular visual field. Further, enucleation of the experienced eye leads to a rapid expansion of the visual field of the deprived eye to include the entire ipsilateral hemifield which does not occur following reverse-suture. Possible reasons for the conflicting reports in the literature are discussed. PMID- 7115566 TI - [Cerebral edema]. PMID- 7115569 TI - Age-dependent effects of scopolamine on avoidance, locomotor activity, and rearing. AB - In Experiment 1, 15-, 17-, 21-, 36- and 90-day-old rats were injected with either physiological saline or 0.5, 1.0, 4.0, 8.0, 16.0 or 32.0 mg/kg of scopolamine (an anticholinergic). Immediately after the injection, shuttle crossings during adaptation were recorded for 8 min, and then the rats were given a single session of 100 two-way avoidance trials. In all ages, scopolamine increased two-way avoidance and intertrial responses throughout training and avoidance and intertrial responses were positively correlated, suggesting that increased avoidance was due, in part, to increased locomotor activity. In addition, scopolamine increased locomotor activity at an earlier age in a stressful situation, i.e. during the intertrial interval, than in a less stressful environment, i.e. during adaptation. In Experiment 2, photocell crossings and rearing were examined in 15-, 17-, 21-, 36-, 90- and 275-day-old rats injected with saline or 0.5, 1.0, 4.0, 8.0 or 16.0 mg/kg of scopolamine hydrobromide. Scopolamine increased photocell crossings in rats 21 days of age and older but did not increase rearing until 36 days of age. Scopolamine also had different behavioral effects in the three oldest ages. Thus, cholinergic involvement in these behaviors changes from at least 15 to 275 days of age. Methylscopolamine, which does not cross the blood-brain barrier, did not alter the behaviors examined in Experiments 1 and 2, suggesting that development of cholinergic neurons in the CNS is responsible for the age-dependent behavioral effects of scopolamine. PMID- 7115571 TI - Hemiretinal differences in the effect of a rotating visual background on the subjective visual vertical. AB - Sixteen normal subjects were tested for their accuracy in judging the verticality of a visual edge before or during exposure to a moving visual background. All subjects showed a counter-rotation of the subjective visual vertical as a consequence of movement of the visual background. The effect was stronger for binocular than monocular viewing and for nasal than temporal hemiretina stimulation. No hemispheric asymmetries were observed. These results show a predominance of the crossed visual pathways originating from the nasal hemiretinae in a visual effect presumably involving a visual-vestibular interaction. PMID- 7115572 TI - [Morphology of spermatids in elderly subjects]. AB - This study has been performed with the aim of clarifying whether spermatid differentiation still proceeds regularly in advanced age. Specimens have been observed of testicular tissue from 108 patients orchidectomized because of prostatic carcinoma and before initiation of hormone therapy. In 30 subjects, 65 to 85 years old, mature spermatids have been found in the semithin sectioned germinal epithelium. The testicular tissue of these 30 patients has been investigated by means of transmission electron microscope. In the studied material most of the spermatids appear malformed. In patients less than 75 years old, about 70% of all spermatids are abnormal, in older patients nearly 90%. The malformations concern all cellular components, but can be seen most frequently in the acrosome and in the nucleus. There are isolated malformations, e.g. of the acrosome; however also combined malformations, e.g. the acrosome, the nucleus and the tail can be observed. In addition to these disturbances of spermatid differentiation, even disturbances of spermiation can be found, presumably caused by a misled function of the Sertoli cells. In these cases, a spermatid loses its contact with the Sertoli cell before final maturation. PMID- 7115573 TI - [Determination of total serum phospholipids by a new enzymatic colorimetric method: statistical quality control]. AB - Enzymatic methods have progressively substituted extractive procedures in plasma lipids determination. A new enzymatic method for serum phospholipids evaluation has been recently introduced in Italy as a kit of reagents. In this method phospolipase D hydrolyzes phospholipids with free choline production which, in presence of choline-oxidase and peroxidase, is estimated by colorimetric reaction. Linearity of response and analytical variations "within-run" and "between-run" during six month observations on serum pools have been preliminarily verified. PMID- 7115574 TI - [Determination of serum and lipoprotein phospholipids by a new enzymatic colorimetric method: characterization of a "reference range" in a sample of clinically healthy people]. AB - A new enzymatic colorimetric method for phospholipids determination, has been employed to find out "reference ranges" of phospholipid concentration in 300 healthy subjects of Neapolitan area (200 males, 100 females). Linearity of response, precisior and accuracy of this method has been previously demonstrated. Mean, standard deviation and frequency distribution of two sex groups are reported. Moreover phospholipids fraction (VLDL,LDL,HDL) on 30 healthy subjects have been evaluated. PMID- 7115576 TI - [The morphology of amphibian skins: comparison between some species in different natural habitats]. AB - A comparison in the morphology of the skin in different species of Amphibians has been performed in this note. Species examined had different natural habitat: some of them were closely dependent on a watery environment (Proteus anguinus, Triturus cristatus, Rana esculenta and R. graeca), whereas others were more or less adapted to life on land (Rana dalmatina, Salamandra salamandra, Bufo bufo, B. viridis and Hyla arborea). Structural patterns of both epidermis and derm varied from species to species; namely differences in the thickness of both epidermis and loose and compact layers of the derm have been found, as well as variations in the keratinization processes. Such findings reveal in each species distinctive features of the skin, related to either a watery or to a water-free environment. PMID- 7115575 TI - [Structure of the finger-like gland connected to the reproductive organ of the Vaginula (mollusk)]. AB - The morphology of the "finger-like" gland of Vaginula borelliana was studied at the light microscope. The examination of serial sections of the gland revealed two different kinds of secretory tubules. Such tubules show features quite different from those described in the multified gland of Helix. The most relevant finding is a layer of smooth-muscle cells interposed between the apical portion of secretory cells and the lumina of tubules. The secretory material seems to again the lumen of the tubule through discontinuities in the muscle layer. Such muscle layer probably plays a role in the pushing forward the secretory material, accumulated into the lumen, during copulation. PMID- 7115577 TI - [Structural and ultrastructural changes in the skeletal muscles of patients in the early stages of Duchenne muscular dystrophy and "possible" carriers]. AB - In order to continue the morpho-functional investigations on the muscle of subjects with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, we have studied, by means of light and electron microscope, bioptic fragments of the gastrocnemius muscle, taken from apparently healthy carriers, who had been diagnosed through laboratory tests. The first results obtained stress not only some initial alterations of the muscle fibres (variation in their caliber, with focal hyaline degeneration, necrosis, increase in the number of their nuclei etc.), but also modifications of the connectival structure of the muscle. In fact, both endomysium and perimysium appear noticeably packed, rich in collagen fibrils within a fundamental more electrondense than usual, and frequently showing a granulofilamentous aspect. Many polymorph fibroblasts stretch out thin digitations towards the capillary wall and the sarcolemmal membrane. These alterations are similar to those observed in the skeletal muscles of subjects with DMD in early age or in the preclinical stage of the disease. PMID- 7115570 TI - Classically conditioned alterations in single motor unit activity in the spinal cat. AB - Muscle tension and single motor unit EMG recordings from a flexor muscle of acute spinal cats were obtained during presentation of classical conditioning and control paradigms. Conditioned increases in muscle tension were similar to previously obtained results. Motor unit recordings suggested that this conditioned reflex facilitation is brought about by an increased probability firing of motoneurons initially responsive to the conditioned stimulus, as well as orderly, size-dependent recruitment of initially non-responsive motoneurons. These results indicate that the same physiological mechanisms for grading motor output may apply for conditioned responses as have been demonstrated for reflexive and voluntary movements. PMID- 7115578 TI - [Experimentally induced changes in bone architecture]. PMID- 7115579 TI - Aspects of non-enzymatic glycosylation of serum proteins in relation to different glucose loads. AB - Non-enzymatic glycosylation of serum proteins (GSP) has been studied in control subjects (n = 10) and diabetic patients (n = 12) during different types of glucose loads. In all cases basal GSP, determined after serum dialysis, gave values which were lower than those found before removing glucose. In the diabetics, moreover, they were significantly higher than in the controls. During OGTT and intravenous glucose infusion prolonged for 5 hours, in both groups, GSP, assayed before dialysis, was found be higher than in basal conditions, while after dialysis values were similar to fasting levels. It can be concluded that also after dialysis, to remove free glucose from sample, GSP is correlated with carbohydrate intolerance but the phenomenon is not induced by either brief hyperglycemic peaks or by high glycemic concentrations maintained for 5 hours. PMID- 7115580 TI - [Endurance of 6 marathon runners before and after a "dissociated diet"]. AB - The effect of a carbohydrate loading diet on the endurance of six male marathon runners have been examined. Endurance improved in three runners, remained unchanged in two, and worsened in one. Due to the possibility of negative effects on the performance capability, a runner should experiment his personal reactions to the carbohydrate loading diet before using it regularly for long distance competitions. PMID- 7115582 TI - Electrophysiological activity of labellar and tarsal chemosensilla of Hybomitra lasiophtalma (Macquart) to stimulation with NaCl and various sugars. AB - The responses from labellar and tarsal chemosensilla of Hybomitra lasiophtalma to stimulation with NaCl or sugars (sucrose, glucose, fructose, galactose) were recorded. Results showed that 4 chemosensory units were located in each chemosensillum. Among these, a water-, a salt-, and a sugar-sensitive unit were detectable. NaCl (higher than 50 mM) as well as sucrose (higher than 100 mM) sensitivity thresholds were determined; sucrose and galactose proved to be more active as stimuli than fructose and glucose. PMID- 7115581 TI - [Clinical significance of triiodothyronine (T3) measurement]. AB - The clinical significance of T3 assay is related to the discovery of T3 thyrotoxicosis, a form of hyperthyroidism caused by an overproduction of alone T3 with normal value of T4. We evaluated the prevalence and the clinical features of this form in a group of 850 subjects who were submitted to clinical examination and hormonal thyroid assay. We showed that T3 thyrotoxicosis is a mild condition of hyperthyroidism. PMID- 7115583 TI - Chemosensilla on labella, tarsi and antennae of Chrysops fuliginosus Wied.: a preliminary electrophysiological study. PMID- 7115584 TI - Electrophysiological responses of labellar chemosensilla in Tabanus atratus atratus Fabricius to NaCl and sucrose. PMID- 7115585 TI - [Spectrophotometric study of several rhodamines commonly used in microscopy (1)]. AB - Rhodamines, commonly used in microscopic studies, are basic dyes derived from xanthene. They have recently been used for the quantitative analysis of important cations, as well as in the vital staining of mitochondria of normal or pathological cells and also in the routine staining procedures. These applications may require a knowledge of the spectral behaviour of rhodamines. Here we report the visible and ultraviolet absorption spectra, together with the excitation and fluorescence spectra of the chromatographically pure samples of rhodamine B, rhodamine 6G and violamine R. PMID- 7115586 TI - [Spectrophotometric study of several rhodamines commonly used in microscopy (2)]. AB - From the examination of the visible and ultraviolet spectra, together with the excitation and fluorescence spectra of the chromatographically pure samples of rhodamine B, rhodamine 6G and violamine R, it is possible to establish the nature of the chromophores in the samples we have studied. In particular there is a report on the possible structures of resonance of rhodamine B, from which it is possible to understand the spectral behaviour of the rhodamines we have studied. PMID- 7115587 TI - [Histological observations on the chorionic villi of the diabetic placenta]. AB - The diabetic woman's placenta does not present a uniform, specific pattern of abnormality. However the most prominent features are as follows: 1) Only in scattered areas of diabetic villi there is evidence of enlarged domains of PAS positive depositions which alternatively could be related to a thickening of the trophoblastic basement membrane or to the presence of chorio-gonadotropic hormones, which are also PAS positive glycoproteins. 2) villi from full-term diabetic placentae often, but not necessarily show an abnormal degree of morphological maturity of the length of gestational period. Villi appear to be unduly immature. Their vascularisation is lacking, and, on account of that, full term diabetic placentae villi are comparable with those found in the 2nd trimester normal placentae. 3) there is a tendency for there to be an excessive number of fibrinoid deposits closely related to the syncytiotrophoblast. PMID- 7115588 TI - [The concentration of hydroxyproline, lipids and hexoses in normal and diabetic placentas in the 3d month of pregnancy]. PMID- 7115589 TI - [Carbon monoxide alveolar-capillary diffusion: considerations on inter-personal variability]. AB - Twenty three male subjects 21 to 53 aged were undergone to lung diffusion test using breath holding method. Each subject was tested three times in different days. The results were evaluated by Bartlett's Chi-square test and by Kendall's coefficient of concordance. Correlation between the CO distribution and diffusion index (R&DCO), the Helium distribution index (RHe), the time of breath holding and the volume of "single breath" was found. It seems it will be possible to improve the inter-personal estimation to 1.25% about. PMID- 7115590 TI - [The influence of helium concentration in determining respiratory function parameters]. AB - Before a research about normals values of lung diffusing capacity for CO in Italian people, the Authors investigate if different concentration of Helium in respiratory gases could have any influence on data. Experiments were performed by testing 8 male subjects. Each one repeated lung function tests three times using gas mixtures with different Helium percentage. Results were evaluated by meaning of t Studnt's and Bartlett's Chi-square tests. Results show no significant difference. PMID- 7115591 TI - [Cerebral sino-venous thrombosis--its clinical course and the study of repeated CT findings]. PMID- 7115592 TI - [A case of hysterical deafness]. AB - A forty years old woman with hysterical deafness is reported. Chief complaints were bilateral hearing loss. Nothing particular was found in her past and family history. In 1977, on the 11th day of May, she was admitted to A city hospital because of headache and paresis of right limb. As angiography revealed an aneurysms of her anterior communicating artery, she was undertaken the surgery of clipping and coating of the aneurysms. Post-operatively, left hemiparalysis appeared and paresis of right limb developed because of spasm of right middle cerebral artery. On the 14th day of August, ventricular-peritoneal shunt's operation was performed. As soon as she recovered from postoperative coma, she complained of bilateral hearing loss. Because pure tone audiometry demonstrated complete loss of her hearing, she was referred to ENT department of Teikyo University Hospital. Findings were as follows: 1) She had a queer way of hearing because she could understand to hear limited persons' speech (her doctor and husband). 2) Pure tone audiometry showed complete loss of her hearing but the thresholds of auditory brain stem responses were 15 dB and those of slow vertex responses were 45 dB. These results suggested no lesion in cochlea and brain stem. 3) Rorschach test and sentence complete test were performed. The results of these tests suggested hysterical state or neurotic state. 4) Total intelligent quotients by WAIS were 69 which indicated borderline level. However, this value appeared to be incorrect because she was uncooperative. 5) CT scan revealed low density areas at right temporo-parietal lobes and left temporal lobe which were localized and small. Our findings suggested hysterical deafness but not auditory agnosia. During three years, she was referred to several hospitals for rehabilitation but didn't become well at all. On the third year of the onset, her husband became sick and admitted to her room of the same hospital. During that period, suddenly, she talked her hearing to improve and the pure tone audiometry demonstrated decrease in threshold. In conclusion, this event could give a final diagnosis of hysterical deafness but not auditory agnosia. PMID- 7115593 TI - [Regional cerebral blood flow in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage--patients with putaminal hemorrhage treated surgically]. PMID- 7115595 TI - [Correlation between local cerebral blood flow and EEG in experimental cerebral ischemia]. AB - Varying degrees of cerebral ischemia were produced in adult Wistar rats by clipping of bilateral common carotid arteries with or without induced hypotension. Local cerebral blood flow was measured from bilateral caudate nuclei and parietal cortices using the hydrogen clearance method. EEG was recorded from the same electrode as used for the hydrogen clearance method. The delta power of EEG increased along with decreasing local cerebral blood flow. There was an inverse correlation between the delta power of EEG and local CBF values, ranging from normal to extremely low (10 ml/100 g/min). When local CBF was reduced below 6-8 ml/100 g/min, EEG became isoelectric. Continuous EEG recording might contribute to predict rCBF value in the ischemic lesion. PMID- 7115594 TI - [Tachistoscope and dichotic listening test of the subject after the transection of the posterior part of the corpus callosum]. AB - The authors made neuropsychological studies by the tachistoscope and the dichotic listening test on a subject who had undergone the transection of the posterior part of the corpus callosum. As to the tachistoscopic recognition, stimulus material was composed with the various Japanese letters (Katakana, Hiragana, Kanji), various faces (variations of the eyebrow form and the mouth form) and various slopes of line. Table 1 shows results of the cases (the subject was the present case, subjects 1 and subject 2 were past cases). It was seen that the performance of the subject on Japanese letters tasks showed greater right visual field superiority than the one of subject 1 and subject 2. As to the auditory recognition, the tasks used for the dichotic listening test were the following (Table 2, 3, 4). Different digits (three pairs) of the subject showed greater right ear superiority (right ear: 61.1, left ear 5.9) than the ones of subject 1 and subject 2. PMID- 7115596 TI - [Multiplane postmortem cerebral computed angiotomography--Part II. Normal anatomy of cerebral vessels on the modified coronal, Towne and semisagittal planes]. AB - In order to obtain a detailed knowledge of the cerebral vasculature on computed tomographic (CT) images, multiplane CT scannings on the axial, coronal, Towne and sagittal planes are required. Previous reports have concerned only the axial CT images of the cerebral vasculature, and no mention has been made about the vasculature on the coronal, Towne or sagittal images. This paper concerns the normal anatomy of the cerebral vessels on the modified coronal, Towne (half axial) and semisagittal CT planes using 9 fresh cadavers. They received postmortem injection of contrast agents and were scanned by GE-CT/T 8800 as mentioned in Part I. Scanning planes were the modified 50-60 degrees coronal, Towne (40-45 degrees off the canthomeatal line), and the semisagittal (45 degrees toward the sagittal plane). The main vascular structures visualized on the modified coronal CT plane resembled the antero-posterior view of the carotid angiogram, and they were as follows: internal carotid arteries (supra-clinoid portion), posterior communicating arteries, anterior choroidal arteries, anterior cerebral arteries (horizontal and ascending portions, pericallosal and callosomarginal arteries and other cortical branches), middle cerebral arteries (horizontal, insular, opercular and terminal portions with identification of the angiographic Sylvian point), lenticulostriate arteries, posterior cerebral arteries, basal vein of Rosenthal (BVR), internal cerebral veins (ICV), subependymal veins which drain into BVR and ICV, choroid veins, vein of Galen, and venous sinuses. As for the demonstration of the lenticulostriate arteries or the Moyamoya vessels in clinical cases, the modified coronal plane is preferred to the axial one. On Towne plane, the vertebro-basilar arteries and the ascending portion of anterior cerebral artery were demonstrated as linear densities, which were demonstrated as spotty densities on the axial plane. On the semisagittal plane, the median or paramedian vasculatures of the main cerebral arteries and deep cerebral veins, were well demonstrated like a lateral view of carotid angiogram. Biplane or multiplane cerebral computed angiotomography will increase in clinical diagnostic value for understanding the anatomical relationship between the cerebral vessels and other intracranial lesions, and also will be applied to the screening of small vascular lesions themselves, e.g., asymptomatic aneurysms, vascular occlusions, arteriovenous malformations and Moyamoya diseases. PMID- 7115597 TI - [Clinical study of hypertensive pontine hemorrhage]. PMID- 7115598 TI - [Effect of perfluorochemicals on BCNU chemotherapy in a rat brain-tumor model]. AB - Perfluorochemicals (Fluosol-43) is characterized with its small size and high propensity for carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide, and also have the function to improve the cerebral microcirculation. These characteristic features of Fluosol 43 may have a beneficial effect on brain-tumor chemotherapy in terms of the oxygenation of hypoxic cells, and/or the improvement of the pharmacokinetics of anticancer drugs. This study was undertaken to identify the combined effect of perfluorochemicals (Fluosol-43, 20 ml/kg) and chemotherapeutic agent (BCNU, LD10 dose; 13.3 mg/kg) in a rat brain-tumor model. Brain-tumor model was made by the intracerebral implantation of C6 rat glioma cells (1 X 10(5) cells/10 microliters). At 10 days after implantation, control animals had a macrotumor weighing about 100 mg with large part of central necrosis. The tumor-bearing rats for 10 days after implantation were randomly divided into 4 groups; a control group, a Fluosol-43 treatment group, a BCNU treatment group, and a Fluosol-43 plus BCNU treatment group. Control animals had mean survival time of 19.94 +/- 2.41 (S.D.) days, and mean survival time of Fluosol-43 treatment group was 19.47 +/- 1.36 days. BCNU treatment alone prolonged the mean survival time to 28.36 +/- 7.94 days (p less than 0.001). Fluosol-43 plus BCNU treatment group showed 36.00 +/- 10.15 days, which was significantly greater than that of BCNU treatment alone group (p less than 0.005). The long survivals lived over 50 days after implantation were 7 out of 27 rats in Fluosol-43 plus BCNU treatment group, in contrast to one out of 25 rats in BCNU treatment alone group. Perfluorochemicals (Fluosol-43) may have the synergistic effect on BCNU chemotherapy for brain tumors. It was speculated for the above results that following the oxygenation of hypoxic cells by Fluosol-43, hypoxic cells might be sensitized to BCNU, which might be much delivered into hypoxic area. And further studies should be done for the evaluation of the mechanism of perfluorochemicals on brain tumor experimentally before clinical application. PMID- 7115599 TI - A haemorheological study of althesin. PMID- 7115600 TI - Tocolysis and anaesthesia for caesarean section. PMID- 7115601 TI - Brown fat - a thermogenic tissue of anaesthetic importance? PMID- 7115602 TI - Atracurium: its speed of onset. A comparison with suxamethonium. PMID- 7115603 TI - Effect of injected volume and speed of injection on the spread of spinal anaesthesia with isobaric amethocaine. PMID- 7115604 TI - Pituitary function following hypophysectomy for pain relief. PMID- 7115605 TI - Frequency of pain on injection and venous sequelae following the I.V. administration of certain anaesthetics and sedatives. PMID- 7115606 TI - Porcine malignant hyperthermia. VIII: leg metabolism. PMID- 7115607 TI - Acute central respiratory effects of diazepam, its solvent and propylene glycol. PMID- 7115608 TI - Interaction between regional myocardial ischaemia and left ventricular performance under halothane anaesthesia. PMID- 7115609 TI - Effect of halothane on calcium transport in isolated hepatic endoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 7115610 TI - The relationship between exposure to fragrance materials and persistent light reaction in the photosensitivity dermatitis with actinic reticuloid syndrome. AB - Contact allergic sensitivity to allergens such as plants of the Compositae family is a feature of the chronic skin reaction seen in the photosensitivity dermatitis with actinic reticuloid syndrome. In fifty patients with this syndrome an increased incidence of contact allergic sensitivity to some common fragrance materials was demonstrated. Evidence is also presented, both by in vitro and in vivo studies, which indicates that a phototoxic mechanism is involved. The relevance of continued exposure to common allergens and their involvement in photosensitization mechanisms is discussed in an attempt to explain the state of 'persistent light reaction'. PMID- 7115611 TI - Manometric assessment of oesophageal involvement in progressive systemic sclerosis, morphoea and Raynaud's disease. AB - Oesophageal function was studied by radiography and manometry in fifty-one patients with progressive system sclerosis (PSS), fourteen patients with morphoea, twelve patients with Raynaud's disease and twenty-one normal subjects. Upper oesophageal sphincter pressure was not affected. Peristaltic contractions of the upper third of the oesophagus were significantly decreased in PSS and morphoea, but the lower two-thirds were affected only in PSS. Lower oesophageal sphincter pressure was significantly decreased in PSS but was normal in morphoea and Raynaud's disease. There was a significant correlation between oesophageal dysfunction and the duration of PSS. Manometry was better than radiography at detecting motor abnormalities, with a positivity of 86% compared with 66% for radiography. Oesophageal manometry should be employed routinely in the investigation of patients with suspected PSS or morphoea. PMID- 7115612 TI - Microbial eczema of the feet. AB - Twenty-seven patients were investigated for eczema of the feet which mainly affected the medial interdigital spaces and the dorsal areas of the medial toes. The lesions tended to spread to the dorsum of the foot, rather than the plantar surface as seen in tinea pedis, which typically affects the lateral interdigital spaces. In all patients S. aureus and/or haemolytic streptococci were cultured, whereas scrapings for fungi were negative. All responded well to treatment aimed at eradicating bacteria and dermatitis, but relapses occurred in 33% of the cases. We believe this clinical entity is due to infective dermatitis in which the presence of bacteria provokes an eczematous response in the host, probably due to pre-existing sensitization rather than direct infection. PMID- 7115614 TI - Synergism of the antimicrobial agents miconazole and benzoylperoxide. PMID- 7115613 TI - Erythema in the primary lesion of superficial spreading melanoma is not of prognostic importance. PMID- 7115615 TI - Cutaneous viral infection as a presentation of intestinal lymphangiectasia. PMID- 7115616 TI - The argon laser in he treatment of vascular naevi. PMID- 7115617 TI - Treatment of nodular prurigo with benoxaprofen. PMID- 7115618 TI - Striae of the penis. PMID- 7115619 TI - Molecular aspects of the binding of absorbed iron to transferrin. AB - To study the molecular aspects of the binding of absorbed iron to plasma transferrin, 59Fe with high specific activity was administered via intragastric tube to iron-deficient rabbits. The distribution of the absorbed 59Fe among the molecular forms of iron-transferrin was analysed using urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Absorbed iron was bound to circulating transferrin one atom at a time. In four out of five animals, absorbed iron was predominantly bound to the site in the N-terminal domain of the protein. Thus, the two sites of transferrin may differ in their ability to load absorbed iron. PMID- 7115620 TI - Evaluation of the supertransfusion regimen in homozygous beta-thalassaemia children. AB - The maintenance of physiological levels of haemoglobin is beneficial in the management of patients with thalassaemia major since it leads to better tissue oxygenation, reduction of blood volume, and reduced intestinal absorption of iron. We have studied 11 patients with thalassaemia major while treating them for 4-12 months with a standard transfusion regimen (mean pre-transfusion Hb 10.2 g/dl) and then for a second period of 7-18 months with a supertransfusion regimen (mean pre-transfusion Hb 12.3 g/dl). Blood consumption was 16.71 +/- 2.0 ml/kg/month in the first period; it rose to 20.30 +/- 3.5 ml/kg/month in the first 5 months of the second period, and then returned to the values of the first period (16.53 +/0 2.0 ml/kg/month). There were no significant differences in blood consumption between the two transfusion regimens, after the 5-month equilibration period. PMID- 7115621 TI - Homozygous deletional alpha + thalassaemia associated with unequal expression of the two remaining alpha 1 genes (alpha 1A and alpha 1Q). AB - A Cambodian family presenting several haemoglobinopathies, Hb E, Hb Q and alpha + thalassaemia, has been investigated. DNA analysis showed that the thalassaemia syndrome corresponds to a leftward type (4.2 kb) deletional form of alpha + thalassaemia. Genotypes found in the family are: propositus -alpha A/-alpha Q, beta A/beta E., mother and older sister alpha A alpha A/-alpha Q, beta A/beta E., father alpha A alpha A/-alpha A, beta A/beta A. The propositus consistently presents an alpha Q/alpha A chain ratio of 60/40 although both chains are products of alpha 1 loci. The relatively higher expression of the alpha Q chain is not observed in the mother and therefore makes it unlikely to reflect anything other than differential expression of the maternal -alpha Q/ and paternal -alpha A/ haplotypes. This observation raises the possibility that both haplotypes are not strictly identical and that the region of the cross-over event is important for alpha gene expression. PMID- 7115622 TI - Monoester lipase activity in the red cells of patients with various blood disorders. AB - Membrane-bound monoester lipase (MEL) activity was measured by a radiochemical assay in intact red blood cells (RBC) from 77 patients with various blood disorders. MEL activity levels in their RBC were compared with levels in normal subjects. The increase in MEL activity was greatest in RBC of regenerative anaemias (N = 8) and blastic crisis of chronic granulocytic leukaemias (7) whereas a lesser, although significant, increase was found in acute non lymphoblastic leukaemias (14). MEL activity was markedly decreased in RBC of erythroleukaemias (N = 5) and decreased to a lesser extent in acute lymphoblastic leukaemias (10) and in chronic myeloproliferative disorders other than chronic granulocytic leukaemias (8). MEL activity levels were roughly correlated with reticulocyte counts, but the relationship was not of predictive value in individual cases. Further exploration of the possible diagnostic or prognostic implications of these variations in enzyme levels seems warranted. PMID- 7115623 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the 23rd annual general meeting of the British Society for Haematology, Brighton, 15-17 April 1982. PMID- 7115624 TI - Significance of agranular myeloblasts in refractory anaemia with excess of myeloblasts in the bone marrow. PMID- 7115625 TI - Enzymopathies induced by drugs and acute leukaemia. PMID- 7115626 TI - Method of PCV measurement and the effect of iron deficiency on whole blood viscosity in polycythaemia. PMID- 7115627 TI - Antithrombin III transfusion in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. AB - This study was designed to examine the effect of selective correction of antithrombin III activity on the increased turnover of fibrinogen, which occurs in patients with liver cirrhosis supposedly due to disseminated intravascular coagulation. Human antithrombin III concentrates were therefore transfused in seven patients with cirrhosis and antithrombin III deficiency (less than 80%). Fibrinogen half-life and the fractional catabolic rate constant were calculated from the turnover of 125I-fibrinogen which was represented by a two-compartment model. Prior to antithrombin III transfusion, 125I-fibrinogen half-life was 76.7 +/- 15.2 h and the fractional catabolic rate constant was 0.33 +/- 0.11 of the plasma fibrinogen pool per day. In six healthy adult controls these values were significantly different: 109.4 +/- 8.8 h and 0.19 +/- 0.01 respectively. Correction of antithrombin III activity with human antithrombin III concentrate reduced the increased turnover of radiolabelled fibrinogen to normal. The 125I fibrinogen half-life became 108.4 +/- 17.6 h and the fractional catabolic rate constant decreased to 0.23 +/- 0.06. These observations indicate that decreased antithrombin III activity contributes in an important way to the increased 125I fibrinogen turnover in patients with cirrhosis and this might reflect intravascular coagulation. PMID- 7115628 TI - Platelet associated IgG, platelet survival, and platelet sequestration in thrombocytopenic states. AB - Platelet-associated IgG (PAIgG), platelet mean life span (MLS), and platelet sequestration sites were studied in 69 patients with immune (ITP) and presumed nonimmune thrombocytopenias (NTP). A shortened MLS was associated with elevated PAIgG (N = 46), and with normal PAIgG (N = 15). Four patients had a normal MLS, but elevated PAIgG, four patients were normal for both parameters. The highest PAIgG values occurred in ITP patients with a very short MLS. Nine NTP patients had also elevated PAIgG, but a normal or slightly shortened MLS. There was a significant double log correlation between PAIgG and MLS for ITP, but not for NTP patients. Judged from the coefficient of determination, only 10% of PAIgG were directly related to a shortened MLS. 70% of patients (N = 63) had exclusively splenic and 30% hepatosplenic sequestration. PAIgG was elevated in 29/44 patients with splenic (66%) and in 16/19 patients with hepatosplenic sequestration (84%). In ITP, PAIgG-positive cases were observed in 69% of splenic v 82% of hepatosplenic sequestration, while in NTP the corresponding figures were 6/11 and 2/2. No significant correlation between PAIgG and either sequestration type was demonstrable. We conclude that in immunologically mediated thrombocytopenia only a small portion of PAIgG accounts for a decreased MLS, and that the concentration of PAIgG per se does not determine the platelet sequestration type. PMID- 7115629 TI - Serological studies in patients on platelet- and granulocyte-substitution therapy. AB - A serological follow-up study was undertaken in 47 patients with bone-marrow failure, who were repeatedly transfused with random donor granulocytes and/or platelets. Sera, obtained at regular intervals, were investigated in the leucoagglutination test, the lymphocytotoxic test and the immunofluorescence test on paraformaldehyde-fixed platelets, granulocytes and lymphocytes. The frequency of alloimmunization was high (73%). Not only HLA antibodies, but also blood-cell specific alloantibodies were detected in the sera of the alloimmunized patients, e.g. lymphocyte-specific, platelet-specific and granulocyte-specific antibodies. The immunofluorescence test on platelets was also used as a crossmatch, and when this test was positive it was always found that after platelet transfusion the increment value was nil. PMID- 7115632 TI - Has the expression 'fetal distress' outlived its usefulness? PMID- 7115630 TI - Newly discovered pregnancy-associated plasma proteins. PMID- 7115631 TI - Obstetric radiology at the crossroads. PMID- 7115633 TI - Premature ovulation after ovarian ultrasonography. AB - Whereas follicle rupture never occurred before the 37th hour after an ovulatory stimulus (either the onset of the LH surge or hCG administration) in control patients, ovulation was observed at 26 to 36 h in women submitted to ultrasonography during the late follicular phase. Premature ovulation was observed in 5 out of 23 and 8 out of 19 cycles when ultrasonography occurred during the 3 days preceding or in the 36 h following ovulatory stimulus. This as yet unexplained observation leads us to reconsider the advisability of ovarian scan during the late follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. PMID- 7115634 TI - Outcome of spontaneous labour in multigravidae. AB - From a study of 2000 consecutive labours, the outcome of 847 multigravid patients admitted in spontaneous labour was examined. Labour was classified according to the cervimetric pattern, and response to oxytocin given according to a strict protocol with the use of a nomogram and partogram. The mean 'observed first stage' was 3.4 h, and the caesarean section rate 1.4%. Normal labour occurred in 88.5%, with a vaginal delivery rate of 99.5% in this group. Stimulation was indicated in 98 patients (11.6%), augmentation improving the rate of progress in 86 (87.8%) of these, with vaginal delivery occurring in all but one. Successful accelerated labour was not associated with any increase in neonatal morbidity as judged by Apgar scores, intubation or transfer to the special care baby unit. Twelve patients did not have improvement following augmentation and seven were delivered by caesarean section, including one following a potentially preventable uterine rupture. The greatest neonatal morbidity was in the group with primary dysfunctional labour that did not improve with augmentation. It may be that this was related to the mode of delivery rather than augmentation, as there was no significant difference in neonatal condition between normal and abnormal labour if vaginal delivery occurred. PMID- 7115635 TI - Ritodrine in the management of fetal distress. AB - The potential value of a bolus injection of ritodrine in the management of fetal distress was examined in 24 patients. Following the injection of ritodrine, uterine activity measured over a period of 14.7 +/- 6.3 (SD) min was reduced to 22 (+/- 12.4 SD)% of the pre-existing values. The cardiotocographic tracings showed a reversion to a normal or less ominous pattern in 14 of the 16 patients where this could be evaluated. The infants in the ritodrine group took less time to establish regular respirations. The perinatal neurobehaviour in the ritodrine and control groups did not differ. Two mothers who were given ritodrine and who received atropine premedication developed tachycardia and marked systolic hypertension. The administration of a bolus of ritodrine may have a place in the management of fetal distress when caesarean section is unavoidably delayed, but atropine premedication must be avoided as the combination can lead to potentially serious cardiovascular complications. PMID- 7115636 TI - Amniotic fluid phosphatidylglycerol and the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio in the assessment of fetal lung maturity. AB - Based on the analysis of 561 amniotic fluid samples obtained within 72 h of delivery, including 288 samples collected from the vagina, the detection of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) in the fluid together with the determination of the lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio gave an accurate prediction of the risk of the newborn infant developing respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). In the presence of PG, regardless of the L/S ratio, only 0.6% of the babies developed RDS, while absent PG was associated with an 82.8% incidence of RDS. The predictive ability was improved by knowing the L/S ratio since in the presence of both PG and a mature L/S ratio (greater than 2.0), no baby developed RDS whereas 3.4% of them did when the ratio was immature despite the presence of PG. The test appears to be a useful determinant of the risk of RDS in babies born to diabetic mothers and it seems particularly effective in assessing amniotic fluid collected vaginally. It is recommended that laboratories dealing with amniotic fluid from high-risk pregnancies should detect PG as well as measuring the L/S ratio. PMID- 7115637 TI - Aggregation of human platelets by amniotic fluid. AB - Twenty-four amniotic fluid samples were examined for their effects on human platelets. All samples caused irreversible platelet aggregation. The active material precipitated with high-speed ultracentrifugation and was completely inhibited by prior incubation with purified collagenase. The presence of free collagen in amniotic fluid was further confirmed by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and hydroxyproline assays. Beside platelet-aggregating activity, amniotic fluid samples were also shown to significantly shorten the recalcification time of normal plasma. This procoagulant activity appears to be related to the presence of thromboplastin, collagen and other as yet unidentified procoagulant material in amniotic fluid. The presence of activators of platelets and clotting factors in amniotic fluid would account for the strong clot promoting activity of this fluid. These studies suggest that the ideal management of the coagulopathy of pregnancy should include a combination of anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs. PMID- 7115638 TI - Outcome in patients with post-pill amenorrhoea. AB - Ninety-six patients who developed amenorrhoea following the use of oral contraceptives were studied in two groups; one with a history of regular periods and the other with irregular periods prior to the use of oral contraceptives. Pregnancy rates were similar in patients with and without a previous history of menstrual dysfunction. Thirty-nine of 47 patients who desired pregnancy and in whom there was no definable factor inhibiting pregnancy, succeeded in conceiving. PMID- 7115639 TI - Effects of clomiphene treatment on infertile women with normal menstrual rhythm. AB - Fourteen infertile women with normal menstrual rhythm were investigated; each provided daily blood samples throughout two menstrual cycles: one control cycle and another on therapy with clomiphene (50 mg/day) given either from days 1 to 5 (n = 7; group I) or from days 5 to 9 (n = 7; group II) of the cycle. The effects of this empirical clomiphene therapy on the menstrual cycles were assessed by reference to the delay from termination of clomiphene therapy to ovulation (day after the LH peak) and by comparing pre-ovulatory oestradiol levels and luteal phase progesterone indices (total progesterone levels from days 4 to 8 post LH peak) in patients' control and treated cycles. No differences were observed in the effects of the treatment on the two groups of women except that the clomiphene to ovulation delay was greater in those treated earlier in the cycle (group I). Clomiphene caused increased follicular development as indicated by elevated pre-ovulatory oestradiol levels but this was not followed by improved progesterone indices. Ovarian ultrasonography indicated that the increased follicular development was in terms of numbers of follicles and not in maturity or oestrogen biosynthetic capacity of individual follicles. The lack of increased luteal progesterone levels thereafter indicated that mean luteal progesterone production per luteinized follicle was reduced. Clomiphene therapy as given in this study was therefore not successful in stimulating increased follicular/luteal hormone production from the dominant follicle/corpus luteum in such patients. PMID- 7115640 TI - Cytoplasmic steroid receptors in ovarian tumours. AB - Cytoplasmic oestrogen receptors were measured in 40 primary and four secondary ovarian tumors; of these, 43 tumors were also analysed for cytoplasmic progesterone receptors and 34 tumours for cytoplasmic androgen receptors. Serous tumours were significantly more likely to be oestrogen-receptor positive than mucinous tumours, but the incidence of positive progesterone and androgen receptors was similar in serous, mucinous and endometrioid tumours. The mean oestrogen receptor content of serous tumours was significantly higher than that of endometrioid tumours. Well-differentiated epithelial tumours were significantly more likely to be oestrogen-receptor and progesterone-receptor positive than less differentiated epithelial tumours. Two granulosa cell tumours were oestrogen-receptor positive and one of these was also progesterone-receptor and androgen-receptor positive. Four normal ovaries were also analysed for receptor content and two were found to be androgen-receptor positive. The presence of cytoplasmic receptors in ovarian tumours may explain their reported response to endocrine therapy. PMID- 7115641 TI - Sinusoidal fetal heart rate patterns. Case reports and management. PMID- 7115642 TI - Pregnancy after treatment of endodermal sinus tumour. Case report with five-year survival. PMID- 7115643 TI - Campylobacter sp. isolated from the cervix during septic abortion, Case report. PMID- 7115644 TI - Prolonged pregnancy: is induction of labour indicated? A prospective study. PMID- 7115645 TI - Accidental drainage of subretinal fluid. PMID- 7115646 TI - Visual loss from retinal oedema in autosomal dominant exudative vitreoretinopathy. PMID- 7115647 TI - Permeability of blood-retinal barriers in urethane-induced rat retinopathy: a fluorescein angiographic, vitreous fluorophotometric, and fluorescence microscopic study. AB - Urethane-induced rat retinopathy, characterised by permeability abnormalities of the blood-retinal barriers (BRB), was studied during the developmental phases by fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA), vitreous fluorophotometry (VF), and fluorescence microscopy (FM). A distinction based on VF values could be made at the p less than 0.02 confidence level between the retinopathic rats as a group and the control rats. Fluorescence microscopy provided a basis, however, for subdividing the test group into those rats with evidence of intraretinal leakage of NaFl and those without. Statistical analysis of the VF values of the control (A), nonleaky retinopathic (B), and leaky retinopathic (C) rats showed no significance between groups A and B, but highly significant differences between groups A and C (p less than 0.001) and between groups B and C (p less than 0.01). Fluorescence microscopy also showed that leakage of NaFl from retinal vessels occurred only after the retinopathy has progressed to the point where retinal vessels had become incorporated into the pigment epithelium. We conclude from this fluorescent marker clinicopathological study that breakdown of the blood retinal barriers is a result of an interaction between the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the retinal vessels after the vessels become incorporated into the RPE. PMID- 7115648 TI - A review of techniques employed in 1100 cases of retinal detachment. AB - To produce a flat retina after an operation demands an unrestricted view of the retina during the operation, and to achieve such a view most retinal surgeons would unhesitatingly recommend the binocular indirect ophthalmoscope and scleral depression. Once the retina and all its breaks are clearly in view, the keynote of the ensuing surgery should be simplicity and safety. The former requires that the intended operation should be the least complicated available, and, should the surgical intention be frustrated, that each step should blend with the next in orderly progression, the surgeon exhausting the possibility of one step before moving on to the next and being able to recognise when the possibilities are exhausted. The latter requires experience in deciding which is in fact the least complicated operation. In general the cavity of the globe should not be entered unless the eye stands to lose more than it gains by remaining inviolate. Paracentesis, fluid release, and intravitreal air all have their place, and to avoid them gains us nothing if the retina remains detached. PMID- 7115649 TI - Extended-wear aphakic soft contact lenses and corneal ulcers. AB - A review of 100 aphakic extended-wear soft contact lenses is presented for the period July 1980 to August 1981. Four previously successfully fitted patients with either American Optical Company's Sofcon or Cooper Laboratories' Permalens for extended wear developed corneal ulcers either directly under the lenses or shortly after removal. Three of the female patients were well controlled diabetics without retinopathy, one of whom sustained severe visual loss and neovascular glaucoma after a pseudomonas ulcer. Another patient, who had developed a Seratia marcescens ulcer 3 months later, developed metastatic carcinoma of the bowel. Special attention to diabetic aphakic patients being fitted with extended-wear soft contact lenses is suggested. PMID- 7115650 TI - Corneal response to rigid contact lens wear. AB - Three adult rhesus monkeys were subjected to 2 and 24 hours of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) contact lens wear. The induced corneal changes were examined with the electron microscope. Mild epithelial oedema as well as early degenerative cell changes was present already after 2 hours' wear. Rigid lens wear for 24 hours produced more severe oedema and cell alterations together with premature cell loss and ultimately, in areas of lens bearing, corneal denuding. Only the monkeys wearing contact lenses for 24 hours had significant stromal swelling, which was primarily evident in the posterior region, while the anterior limiting lamina remained unaffected. The stromal swelling was patchy and mainly around keratocytes and between lamellae, while fluid within the lamellae was evident only occasionally in posterior stroma. Changes among keratocytes were evident, especially posteriorly, where reaction was frequently severe. Endothelial reaction was restricted to a limited fluid uptake in the 24-hour-wear experiment. In addition there was in these monkeys an apparent loosening of the endothelial adhesion to the posterior limiting lamina. It is concluded that the oedematous epithelium undergoes cell shrinkage and flattening, which is compensated for by an uptake of fluid. The uptake of fluid maintains the overall normal thickness of the epithelium. The conclusion is supported by other studies, where the normal thickness of oedematous epithelium has been shown by pachometry. The results in the present study further suggest that stromal oedema in the contact lens wearer is a result of a relative loss of endothelial function, leading to a swelling that moves in a posterior to anterior direction. PMID- 7115651 TI - Ocular changes resulting from therapy with amiodarone. AB - Amiodarone, a powerful antiarrhythmic agent recently made available in Britain, is known to cause corneal changes, but the clinical implications of this unwanted effect are still controversial. We have made serial observations on 105 patients treated with the drug for periods ranging from 3 months to over 7 years. Corneal abnormalities were detected by slit-lamp examination in 103 patients (98%). These always progressed over several months but subsequently showed a stable pattern which changed only with alteration of dose. The abnormalities regressed and disappeared within 7 months in the 16 patients whose treatment was discontinued for reasons unconnected with ocular changes. No macular changes or permanent sequelae occurred. Ocular symptoms were unusual: 6 patients had reactions in the skin of the eyelids, and 6 others had minor symptoms related to the corneal changes. We do not believe that ophthalmological surveillance is mandatory in asymptomatic patients on long-term amiodarone therapy. PMID- 7115652 TI - Results of treatment of anisohypermetropic amblyopia without strabismus. AB - One hundred and two patients with anisohypermetropic amblyopia without strabismus were studied. Microstrabismus was excluded by detailed orthoptic examinations including visuscopy and Cuppers' bifoveal correspondence test. Treatment consisted in wearing correcting glasses and part-time or full-time patching of the nonamblyopic eye. In patients with dense amblyopia patching of the amblyopic eye was done and Cuppers' after-image method of pleoptic therapy was instituted as the initial procedure. When visual acuity improved sufficiently by this therapy, patching was used on the nonamblyopic eye. Sixty-five (63.7%) patients showed 2 lines or more improvement on the Snellen chart. Though young children (6 to 12 years) improved their visual acuity more often than those aged 13 to 20 years, a considerable number of patients (50.0%) in the older age group improved their visual acuity after therapy. The improvement in visual acuity was accompanied by improved stereoacuity in 49.0% of the patients. It is therefore suggested that every effort should be made to treat these patients even after the age of 12 years. PMID- 7115653 TI - Serum prolactin levels in undernourished Indian lactating women. AB - 1. Serum prolactin (PRL) levels, both basal and post-suckling peak, were estimated in fifty-seven lactating women. 2. Basal PRL levels were significantly higher in all lactating women irrespective of the duration of lactation as compared to the levels in non-pregnant, non-lactating women. 3. There was significant positive correlation (r 0.69, P less than 0.001) between the basal PRL levels and the post-suckling peak values. 4. After 8 months of lactation, peak post-suckling, PRL levels were not significantly different from basal values. 5. Basal PRL levels were significantly lower (P less than 0.05) in mothers whose infants were being supplemented. 6. PRL levels were not related to the mother's nutritional status as determined by body-weight. 7. The findings suggest that high PRL levels during lactation prolong the duration of lactional amenorrhoea and hence the relative infertility. PMID- 7115654 TI - Effect of maternal fluorine intake on breast milk fluorine content. AB - 1. Breast milk samples were collected from mothers living in areas having an average of 0.2 and 1.7 microgram fluorine/ml in drinking water. The samples were analysed for their ionic and total F concentrations. 2. Ionic F was determined after microdiffusion by the fluoride-selective electrode. For total F determinations, milk samples were ashed with magnesium succinate fixative, after which the F concentration was determined as mentioned previously. 3. The median totals for F content of breast milk in the low- and high-F areas were 7.0 ng/ml (range 4.3-14.0 ng/ml, fifteen mothers) and 10.9 ng/ml (range 4.5-50.7 ng/ml, nine mothers). The median ionic F concentrations were 5.0 ng/ml (range 3.0-6.3 ng/ml, fifteen mothers) and 8.9 ng/ml (range less than 2.0-39.9 ng/ml, nine mothers) respectively. Both the total F (0.01 greater than P greater than 0.001) and ionic F (0.05 greater than P greater than 0.01) in breast milk were significantly higher in the high-F area compared to the low-F area. 4. At the ages of 1,2 and 3 months, the calculated average total daily F intakes of exclusively breast-fed infants were 4.8 and 7.3 microgram; 5.0 and 7.8 micrograms; 5.4 and 8.5 micrograms in the low- and high-F areas respectively. PMID- 7115655 TI - Food additives and food components in total diets in the Netherlands. AB - 1. During a period of 2 years, every 2 months 126 different food items forming a 'market basket' were purchased, prepared and divided into twelve food commodity groups. The 'market basket' was based on a study of the dietary pattern of 16- to 18-year-old male adolescents. In the (homogenized) food groups various additives and components of nutritional importance were determined. From the concentrations of the additives and components in the food groups and the daily consumption of each food group, a mean daily intake of all components analysed was calculated. 2. The mean daily amounts of benzoic acid (34 mg), sorbic acid (6 mg), glutamic acid (660 mg) and sulphite (3 mg) were all far below the acceptable daily intake (ADI) value. Butylated hydroxytoluene and gallates were not detectable, while butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) was found in only a few instances; the maximum amount of BHA was also very low (4 mg). 3. The mean daily intakes of fluorine (0.8 mg), iodine (0.21 mg), phosphorus (1860 mg) and alpha-tocopherol (9.4 mg) seem safe and adequate. Cholesterol intakes of 25% above the maximum of 300 mg/d, as advised by the Dutch Bureau for Nutrition Education, were found. The mean fat intake appeared to be 40% of total daily energy, protein content 13% of total energy and total (available) carbohydrate 46% of total energy. The daily dietary fibre content (18 g) and the daily amount of linoleic + linolenic acid (6% of total energy) were considered too low. The daily level of sodium (4.2 g) was not considered too high. 4. It is recommended that the study should be repeated regularly, e.g. every few years, in order to monitor trends in the concentrations of significant food components in total diets. PMID- 7115656 TI - Behavioural responses of young anaemic Indian children to iron-folic acid supplements. AB - 1. Behavioural responses of young anaemic Indian children to iron-folic acid supplements were assessed in two separate studies using the Indian adaptation of Wechsler's (1967) intelligence scale for children (WISC). 2. The first study was an exploratory study in which the cognitive behaviour of 5-8-year-old children of both sexes was assessed before and after supplementation with 20 mg elemental Fe and 0.1 mg folic acid given daily for a period of 60 d. 3. The supplemented children showed a significant improvement in haemoglobin (Hb) as well as the WISC scores while the control children who did not receive any supplements failed to show an improvement either in Hb or in the WISC scores. However, within the supplemented group when the initially-anaemic children were compared with the initially-non-anaemic ones, only the 7-year-old anaemic children performed significantly poor in the tests than the non-anaemic group of the same age. The study raised the possibility that in addition to increasing the blood Hb levels, Fe-folic acid supplements may have additional benefits in improving the cognitive performance of children. 4. In the second study, cognitive behaviour of fourteen matched pairs of anaemic children in the age-range of 5-6 years was assessed before and after supplementation with 40 mg Fe and 0.2 mg folic acid given daily in two divided doses or sugar placebos for a period of 60 d. The tester did not know the groups to which each child belonged. 5. The supplemented children showed a significant improvement in Hb as well as in the verbal and performance IQ of WISC. The control children showed no improvement in Hb but their verbal IQ improved significantly. However, there was no significant improvement in their performance IQ. 6. The results indicated that Fe-folic acid supplements to anaemic children not only raised Hb levels but also improved intelligence test results, particularly in the performance section. PMID- 7115657 TI - Urea synthesis and degradation in sheep given pelleted-grass diets containing flaked barley. PMID- 7115658 TI - Glycosyl ureides in ruminant nutrition. 2. In vitro studies on the metabolism of glycosyl ureides and their free component molecules in rumen contents. AB - 1. The fate of glucosyl urea (GU), lactosyl urea (LU) and corresponding mixtures of the free sugars and urea and their degradation products were examined during in vitro incubation of the compounds with rumen contents taken from donor sheep and steers at various stages of adaptation to these compounds. 2. The sugar-urea bond was virtually unattacked in rumen contents from unadapted sheep and steers but generally a slow release of the galactose moiety occurred. After feeding LU or GU to animals for a period of approximately 10 d, the rates of disappearance of both bound urea and sugar had increased, but were still markedly slower than those of the corresponding free sugars and urea. In vitro rates of degradation of both free lactose and urea also increased in response to the feeding of lactose and urea to rumen content donor animals. 3. Ammonia accumulation in rument contents when GU or LU were the substrates was notably lower than when equivalent amounts of glucose and urea or lactose and urea were the substrates. 4. Bacterial growth was estimated using an vitro method based on incorporation of 32P into bacterial nucleic acids. Markedly different patterns of bacterial growth were observed depending on whether LU or lactose and urea were the substrates. PMID- 7115659 TI - Acetate metabolism in lactating sheep. AB - 1. The metabolism of acetate, glucose and D(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate was studied in lactating and non-lactating sheep in vivo. Special consideration was given to the utilization by hind-limb muscle in both groups of sheep and the uptake of nutrients by the lactating mammary gland was also measured. 2. The entry of acetate into the circulation (mmol/h per kg body-weight) was similar in all experimental animals at a given arterial concentration of acetate. However, normal lactation was associated with a reduced extraction of acetate by muscle and the 'spared' acetate was comparable with that removed by the udder. Feeding lactating ewes a 700 g concentrate/kg ration tended to prevent this redistribution of acetate utilization. 3. The muscles of non-lactating ewes utilized sufficient glucose, when corrected for lactate release, to account for 57% of the oxygen utilization by muscle. In lactation this fell to 32% largely because of an increased lactate production. D(-)-3-Hydroxybutyrate utilization by muscle accounted for 16-17% of the O2 consumed by the muscle in non-lactating and lactating sheep. 4. Lactating mammary gland metabolism in sheep was similar to published values for dairy cows and goats. Thus the extraction (%) of glucose, O2, acetate and D(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate was 25, 28, 62 and 53 respectively. Blood flow was 529 ml/min per kg udder and the ratio, blood flow: milk flow was 475. glucose used by the udder relative to the whole animal utilization rate may be less in sheep than in cows and goats, but the comparable proportion for acetate is as large or larger than in these species. PMID- 7115660 TI - Differences in body compositions, growth and food intakes between mice which have been selected for a small or large body size. AB - 1. Q-strain mice selected for high-line (QLF) or low-line (QSC) body-weights at 6 weeks of age were culled to litters of two or eight (QLF-2, QLF-8, QSC-2, QSC-8) at birth and were suckled in these groups until 19 d of age. 2. Body-weights were measured daily for all groups and body compositions compared at birth and 19 and 42 d of age. Food intakes and urinary and faecal nitrogen were measured during metabolism trials between 19 and 42 d. 3. QLF-2 and QSC-2 mice grew faster than the corresponding groups of eight until 19 d of age. They also deposited more fat as a percentage of total gain. 4. In the period 19-42 d the influence of genetic selection reappeared and was manifest in a slowing of growth rates of QLF-2 and QSC-2 animals so that by 42 d of age there were no differences in body-weight between the groups within a line. 5. During the period 19-42 d the total food intakes of each group within a line did not differ although, on the basis of food intake per unit metabolic body-weight (g/kg body-weight 0.75 per d) QLF-2 and QSC 2 ate less food than QLF-8 and QSC-8 respectively. 6. The differences in body weight at 19 d between groups were largely overcome by the increased contribution of protein and water to the weight gain of the groups of eight during the post weaning period. PMID- 7115661 TI - Changes in the distribution of copper and molybdenum after Mo administration and subsequent additional oral or intraperitoneal Cu administration to rats. AB - 1. Male WAG/Cpb inbred rats fed on rations containing 1.5 mg copper/kg (deficient) and 6.0 mg Cu/kg (adequate) were supplemented with molybdenum (500 mg/kg diet). Starting at week 0 rats were killed weekly for up to 6 weeks and the caeruloplasmin activity of plasma, the Cu concentration of plasma, liver and kidney and the Mo concentration of liver and kidney were determined. The experiment was repeated with rats fed on diets of the same composition but given additional Cu for periods of 2 weeks. Cu was given orally by increasing dietary Cu to 6.0 mg/kg and 25.0 mg/kg for Cu-deficient and Cu-adequate rats respectively or intraperitoneally by injecting 75 micrograms and 250 micrograms every second day to Cu-deficient and Cu-adequate rats respectively. 2. After Mo administration to Cu-deficient rats plasma and kidney Cu and liver and kidney Mo increased but caeruloplasmin activity and liver Cu decreased. In Cu-adequate rats plasma, liver and kidney Cu and liver and kidney Mo increased to much higher levels than in Cu deficient rats. Caeruloplasmin activity was not affected. Fluctuations in plasma Cu and kidney Mo were correlated closely. 3. No qualitative difference between the effect of oral or intraperitoneal Cu administered to Mo-treated Cu-deficient or Cu-adequate rats was found. In Cu-deficient Mo-supplemented rats additional Cu increased plasma Cu, caeruloplasmin activity and liver and kidney Cu and Mo. In Cu-adequate Mo-supplemented rats additional Cu decreased plasma Cu and liver and kidney Mo and increased caeruloplasmin activity and kidney cu and, to a minor extent, liver Cu. 4. In veiw of the assumption that in rats a Cu, Mo and S containing compound, related to Cu-thiomolybdate, may be formed in vivo the results suggest that cu binds to the Mo-S part of the compound; when this compound is formed in the gastro-intestinal tract it can not be absorbed and when it is formed at systemic sites it changes the Cu distribution. PMID- 7115662 TI - A comparison of methods for the estimation of microbial nitrogen in duodenal digesta of sheep. AB - 1. Six sheep, each fitted with a rumen cannula and re-entrant cannulas in the proximal duodenum and distal ileum, were given two diets (600 g dry matter (DM)/d) consisting of either grass silage (32.1 g nitrogen/kg DM) or dried grass (18.3 g N/kg DM). A net loss of N occurred between mouth and duodenum with the silage diet, indicating extensive ruminal degradation of dietary N, compared with a net gain on the dried-grass diet. Consequently, despite higher N intakes when silage was given, N flow at the duodenum was similar for both diets. 2. The proportion of microbial N in duodenal digesta N was estimated using diaminopimelic acid (DAPA), [35S]methionine (35S), 15N-enriched non-ammonia-N (15NAN) and amino acid profiles (AAP) as microbial markers. Isotopic labelling of rumen micro-organisms was achieved by intraruminal infusions of Na2 35SO4 and (15NH4)2SO4. 3. A comparison of all methods was made based on the marker concentrations in microbial fractions isolated by differential centrifuagation of strained rumen contents. With both diets, DAPA gave the highest estimates and AAP the lowest. Estimates based on 35S and 15NAN were intermediate and did not differ significantly (P greater than 0.05). 4. For the 15NAN, 35S and AAP methods, the effect of site of sampling of the microbial fraction, i.e. from rumen contents or duodenal digesta, was examined and in all instances mean estimates based on duodenally-derived microbes were higher. However, the differences were significant for only 15NAN with both diets (P less than 0.001), for 35S with the dried grass (P less than 0.05), and for AAP with the silage (P less than 0.05). Estimates based on duodenally-derived microbes were higher (P less than 0.05) using 15 NAN than those obtained using 35S with both diets. 5. Depending on the method used for estimating microbial N, estimates of the efficiency of microbial N synthesis in the rumen (g microbial N flow at duodenum/kg organic matter apparently digested in the rumen) ranged between 16 and 38 for the silage diet and 10 and 46 for the dried grass diet. Similarly, estimates of feed N degradability in the rumen ranged between 0.62 and 0.97 for the silage and 0.00 and 0.93 for the dried grass. PMID- 7115663 TI - The demonstration of protein-bound 99Mo-di- and trithiomolybdate in sheep plasma after the infusion of 99M0-labelled molybdate into the rumen. AB - 1. Protein-bound, trichloracetic acid- (TCA) insoluble 99Mo appeared in plasma a few hours after the introduction of 99Mo-labelled molybdate (30 mg Mo) into the rumen of sheep maintained on a basic diet supplemented with elemental sulphur (3 g S/d). 2. Most of the 99Mo could be displaced from its protein carrier in vitro and the labelled compounds displaced were identified by sephadex G-25 chromatography as di- and trithiomolybdate. Tetrathiomolybdate was not detected. 3. In control experiments protein-bound, TCA-insoluble 99Mo predominated in plasma after the direct administration of [99Mo]tetrathiomolybdate, either into the rumen or intravenously. The 99Mo could be displaced in vitro and [99Mo]tetrathiomolybdate identified, although [99Mo]trithiomolybdate was also present. The study provides direct evidence of thiomolybdate synthesis and absorption in ruminants in vivo. PMID- 7115664 TI - Estimation of the proportion of non-ammonia-nitrogen reaching the lower gut of the ruminant derived from bacterial and protozoal nitrogen. AB - 1. A method for estimating the proportions of bacterial- and protozoal-N in the total non-ammonia-N reaching the lower gut of the ruminant under steady-state conditions was evaluated. Three trials using two different diets were conducted with a Holstein steer equipped with a rumen cannula and duodenal re-entrant cannulas. 2. An intraruminal primed infusion of (15NH4)2SO4 was administered for 68 h during each trial. Bacteria and protozoa samples were isolated from rumen fluid at approximately 6 h intervals during each infusion period. Total non ammonia-N was isolated from duodenal digesta samples taken at approximately the same times. All of these samples were analysed for 15N enrichment. A computer program was used to fit equations to the 15N-enrichment curves of bacterial- and protozoal-N. Models of both bacterial- and protozoal-N kinetics consisted of a small pool which equilibrated rapidly with rumen NH3 and a large pool with a fractional turnover rate of 0.045-0.070/h for bacterial-N and 0.056-0.069/h for protozoal-N. 3. Abomasal fluid turnover was estimated by a single injection of polyethylene glycol (molecular weight 4000) into the rumen followed by sampling of rumen fluid and duodenal digesta. 4. Estimates of abomasal fluid turnover, bacterial-N turnover, and protozoal-N turnover were entered into an equation which was adjusted by computer iteration to fit the 15N-enrichment curve of duodenal digesta non-NH3-N generated from each (15NH4)2SO4 infusion period. The computer fit of this equation to the observed results gave estimates of 0:39-0.45 and 0.22-0.41 for the proportion of duodenal non-NH3-N derived from bacterial-N and protozoal-N respectively. 5. This method is potentially useful in estimating microbial protein passage to the lower gut in ruminants. Sampling digesta from the omasum rather than the duodenum would simplify the method and possibly increase the reliability of the estimates. PMID- 7115665 TI - The utilization of protein and energy during lactation in the rat, with particular regard to the use of fat accumulated in pregnancy. AB - 1. The deposition of fat during pregnancy and its subsequent mobilization during lactation was studied in the rat. The utilization of protein during lactation was also investigated. 2. Fat accumulation was rapid and continuous from early pregnancy. Approximately one-third was deposited subcutaneously, the remainder being stored in central depots. 3. The volume of milk produced during lactation was varied by offering protein at two concentrations from day 2 post partum. Optimum lactation was achieved with a high-protein diet. The dams lost no body protein, but 60% of the total body fat was mobilized, despite a marked increase in food consumption. On a low-protein diet, food intake did not rise during lactation. Some body protein was catabolized and, again, 60% of the fat was mobilized although milk output, as judged by the gain in carcass energy of their pups, was reduced to approximately one-third of optimum. 4. Protein was used more efficiently by lactating rats, when compared with virgin controls. 5. We conclude that fat stored during pregnancy makes a major contribution to the energy costs of lactation, and that its mobilization is under hormonal rather than dietary control. PMID- 7115666 TI - Biosynthesis and localization of gangliosides in cultured cells. AB - Mouse neuroblastoma N18 cells contain a homologous series of gangliosides (GM3, GM2, GM1, and GD1a) which constitute a biosynthetic pathway. When added to the culture medium, tritium-labeled palmitate, galactose, and N-acetylmannosamine were incorporated into these gangliosides. Incorporation of [3H]galactose into all four gangliosides was detected by 5 min and continued at essentially linear rates for several hours. When the cells were treated with Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase, the amounts of GM3 and GD1a were reduced from 72% to 85%; there was a severalfold increase in GM1 and no change in GM2. In spite of these large alterations in cellular ganglioside composition, there was no change in the rate of [3H]galactose incorporation into the gangliosides. A large proportion of GM3 and GD1a also was accessible to neuraminidase in neuroblastoma NB41A, Friend erythroleukemic, and rat glioma C6 cells. N18, NB41A, and Friend cells bound large amounts of 125I-labeled cholera toxin with high affinity. At saturation, the ratio of GM1 content to toxin bound for the three cell lines was between 5.5 and 7. When treated with neuraminidase, the cells bound more toxin in correspondence to the increase in GM1 content. As each toxin molecule has five binding sites, these results suggest that most of the GM1 in these cells is on the surface. Our results indicate that the sequential glycosylation of one ganglioside to form the next higher homologue involves a very small pool of intermediates and that the bulk of the gangliosides are on the cell surface. PMID- 7115668 TI - Fluorescent pyrene derivative of concanavalin A: preparation and spectroscopic characterization. PMID- 7115667 TI - Translocation of newly synthesized gangliosides to the cell surface. AB - A new method was developed to follow the translocation of gangliosides from their site of synthesis within the cell to the plasma membrane. Cultured mouse neuroblastoma N18 and rat glioma C6 cells were labeled for increasing times with D- [1-3H]galactose and then subjected to mild oxidation with NaIO4. Under the conditions chosen, oxidation was essentially restricted to cell-surface sialic acid residues, which were converted to derivatives with an aldehyde function. The labeled gangliosides were isolated from the cells and reacted with dinitrophenylhydrazine to form dinitrophenyl (DNP) derivatives of the oxidized gangliosides. The DNP-gangliosides then were separated from their unmodified counterparts by thin-layer chromatography. Thus, the rate of labeling of surface gangliosides was distinguished from the rate of labeling of total gangliosides. Our results indicated that the transfer of gangliosides from the site of synthesis to the cell surface required approximately 20 min and that newly synthesized gangliosides appeared to be transported to the plasma membrane at a constant rate. No essential differences were found in the rates of translocation of different ganglioside species by N18 cells or between gangliosides of N18 and C6 cells. PMID- 7115669 TI - Structure of dihydrofolate reductase: primary sequence of the bovine liver enzyme. AB - The primary structure of dihydrofolate reductase from bovine liver has been established by Edman degradation of the intact carboxymethylated protein and of peptides obtained from the protein by the action of cyanogen bromide, trypsin, and the protease from Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. Since separation of some of the peptide mixtures by classical methods proved impossible, new systems were developed for the use of high-performance liquid chromatography to separate such mixtures. Some of the cleavage procedures used to obtain peptides gave atypical results at certain peptide bonds. The results are discussed in terms of the residues involved in these unexpectedly resistant or sensitive bonds. The sequence of the bovine liver enzyme is compared with those published for the enzyme from other sources, and known or probable functions of invariant residues are described. Sequences of vertebrate and bacterial reductases are compared and contrasted, and a possible role is considered for the residues which are invariant in bacterial reductases, but different in vertebrate reductases, in determining the selective inhibitory action of trimethoprim on bacterial reductases. PMID- 7115670 TI - Complete amino acid sequence of the 4Fe-4S, thermostable ferredoxin from Clostridium thermoaceticum. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of the 4Fe-4S ferredoxin from the thermophilic bacterium Clostridium thermoaceticum has been determined. The protein is extremely thermostable and is the only known clostridial ferredoxin to contain a single [4Fe-4S] cluster. The sequence totals 63 residues and includes the first tryptophan (Trp-26) reported for a clostridial ferredoxin, and other amino acids not commonly found in clostridial or clostridial-like ferredoxins: methionine (Met-1), histidine (His-33), arginine (Arg-49), and leucine (Leu-9, -19, and 31). Sequence homology to clostridial and other 8Fe-8S ferredoxins is limited to eight to nine residues at the amino-terminal sulfhydryl grouping (Cys-10, -13, 16, and -20) and two to five residues in the carboxyterminal region. This ferredoxin is, thus, sequentially distinct from all known clostridial ferredoxins and from other bacterial ferredoxins in both the 8Fe-8S and 4Fe-4S classes. PMID- 7115671 TI - Amino acid sequence of amyloid-related apoprotein (apoSAA1) from human high density lipoprotein. PMID- 7115672 TI - Autophosphorylation of rhodopsin kinase from retinal rod outer segments. AB - Rhodopsin kinase has been identified as a 68K protein that is more readily extracted from dark-adapted rod outer segments (dark-extract) than from illuminated rod outer segments (light-extract). We observed that a 68K protein is phosphorylated by endogenous protein kinase of dark- or light-extract of bovine rod outer segments and that the amount of incorporated radioactivity (32P) was greater in the dark-than in the light-extract. Phosphorylation of the 68K protein is neither stimulated by cyclic nucleotides nor affected by the light or dark conditions of the phosphorylation reaction. Light-and dark-extracts were centrifuged simultaneously on individual sucrose density gradients revealing that the 68K phosphoprotein cosediments with endogenous rhodopsin kinase activity and that both greater 32P incorporation and higher rhodopsin kinase activity are found in dark-extract as compared to light-extract. These findings suggest strongly that the 68K phosphoprotein and rhodopsin kinase are identical and that rhodopsin kinase undergoes autophosphorylation. PMID- 7115673 TI - Biliary metabolites of all-trans-retinoic acid in the rat: isolation and identification of a novel polar metabolite. AB - The biliary metabolites from normal rats dosed with either pharmacological or physiological doses of all-trans-[11,12-3H2]retinoic acid were investigated. Biliary metabolites excreted during the first 24 h account for approximately 60 65% of the radiolabeled dose. A major polar metabolite was purified to homogeneity by using Sephadex LH-20 chromatography and several high-performance liquid chromatographic procedures. This metabolite was negatively charged as revealed by high-performance liquid chromatography on ion-exchange columns and accounts for 10% of the total biliary radioactivity (6% of the dose). The polar compound was positively identified by using Fourier transform proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high- and low-resolution mass spectrometry, fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, amino acid analysis, and chemical derivatization as 2-[8-[6-(hydroxymethyl)-2,6-dimethyl-3-oxo-1-cyclohexen-1-yl] 2,6- dimethyl-5,7-octadienamido]ethanesulfonic acid. The metabolic transformations required for the generation of this metabolite from all-trans retinoic acid are the following: (1) allylic oxidation at carbon 4 of the cyclohexene ring to produce a 4-keto group, (2) hydroxylation of one of the methyl groups at carbon 1 of the cyclohexene ring, (3) saturation of the two terminal double bonds in the side chain, (4) loss of the terminal carboxyl group of the side chain via decarboxylation, and (5) conjugation of the resulting retinoid with taurine. To our knowledge, this metabolite represents the first taurine conjugate of a fat-soluble vitamin to be identified. PMID- 7115674 TI - Effects of pH on low-salt transition of chromatin core particles. AB - The low-salt transition of chicken erythrocyte core particles containing uniform 145 base pair DNA was studied as a function of pH and of salt concentration. Intrinsic tyrosine fluorescence was used to follow the changes. Potassium salts of the anions C1-, H2PO4-, and SO4(2-) were indistinguishable in their ability to affect the transition. Divalent cations (Mg2+, Mn2+, Ca2+) were effective at 36 fold lower total concentration than monovalent cations (Li+, Na+, K+, Tris+), but no significant differences were observed within the two classes of cations. These results indicate that cation binding to the core particle is involved in the transition. At pH 9 the transition was broadened and shifted to higher monovalent cation concentration as compared to that at pH 6. At both pHs the fluorescence changes could be resolved into two steps by numerical least-squares analysis. On the basis of what is known about histone--histone interactions, a two-step mechanism is suggested, involving changes in the interactions between dimers of histones 2a and 2b with a tetramer of histones 3 and 4. The pH-induced changes appear to be correlated with a structural transition, which was detected as a function of pH at near physiological ionic strength (0.1 M). This structural change was accompanied by a small decrease in the tyrosine fluorescence anisotropy. An apparent pKa value near 7 is indicated, suggesting that the structural changes involved may be of physiological significance. PMID- 7115675 TI - Hydrodynamic determination of molecular weight, dimensions, and structural parameters of Pf3 virus. AB - Measurements of the translational, DT, and rotational, DR, diffusion coefficients of Pf3 virus by low-angle polarized intensity fluctuation spectroscopy and field free transient electric birefringence, respectively, give a length of 720 +/- 25 nm and diameter of 6.5 +/- 1.5 nm upon simultaneous solution of the Broersma equations for rigid rods. Sedimentation coefficient and density increment values obtained under solvent conditions identical with those of DT give a molecular weight of (13.4 +/- 0.8) x 10(6) g mol-1, which gives a mass per length of 18 600 +/- 1300 g mol-1 nm-1. Combining these results with the molecular weight of Pf3 DNA yields a number of protein subunits of 2500 +/- 160 and 2.38 +/- 0.14 nucleotides/protein subunit. Sedimentation coefficient and density increment values of Xf virus when combined with a value for the Xf translational diffusion coefficient [Chen, F. C., Koopmans, G., Wiseman, R. L., Day, L. A., & Swinney, H. L. (1980) Biochemistry 19, 1373] yield a molecular weight of (17.9 +/- 1.0) x 10(6) g mol-1, a number of protein subunits of 3590 +/- 230, 2.07 +/- 0.15 nucleotides/protein subunit, and a mass per length of 18 300 +/- 1200 g mol-1 nm 1. Thus, despite major differences in the DNA-protein packing between these viruses, as well as fd virus, the mass per lengths are surprisingly similar. PMID- 7115677 TI - Synthesis and properties of CpG analogues containing an 8-bromoguanosine residue. Evidence for Z-RNA duplex formation. AB - Three dinucleoside monophosphates containing 8-bromoguanosine (br8G), (2'-5')C br8G, (3'-5')C-br8G, and dC-br8G, were synthesized and characterized by UV absorption, CD, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The 1H NMR data show that all the br8G residues in these dimers take a syn glycosidic conformation. At low dimer strand concentration (5 X 10(-5) M), the UV hypochromicity data suggest that the degree of base stacking decreases in the following order, (2'-5')C-br8G greater than C-G approximately equal to dC-br8G greater than (3'-5')C-br8G. The CD data also suggest little stacking in (3'-5')C-br8G. At high dimer strand concentration (5 X 10(-3) M), only (3'-5')C-br8G shows duplex formation in 0.1 M NaCl. The duplex is assumed to take a left-handed helical structure similar to that of Z-DNA. The Tm of this duplex is surprisingly high for a dimer (about 35 and 45 degrees C at 5 X 10(-3) and 10(-2) M dimer strand concentration, respectively). The above results and the similarity between the CD spectra of (3'-5')C-br8G and poly(G-C) suggest the possible existence of Z-form structure in ribooligo- and ribopolynucleotides with alternating purine-pyrimidine sequences. PMID- 7115676 TI - Avidin is a slow-binding inhibitor of pyruvate carboxylase. PMID- 7115679 TI - Properties of conserved amino acid residues in tandem homologous protein domains. Hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the histidines of chicken ovomucoid. AB - Peaks corresponding to the C6 protons of the four histidine residues (positions 58, 111, 123, and 182) of chicken ovomucoid have been assigned in 1H NMR spectra (360 or 470 MHz) of the native single-chain protein and of fragments of the protein corresponding to its three homologous structural domains. Comparison of the 1H NMR pH titration behavior of these histidine residues and the deuterium exchange rates of their C6-H positions show the following: (1) The chemical shift properties of histidine residues 58, 123, and 182 differ despite the fact that the three residues are located in homologous positions in the three tandem domains. (2) The properties of three of the four histidine residues (58, 111, and 123) do not change appreciably when the domains in which they are located are isolated, indicating that their environments are similar in both the fragment and the native protein. (3) The properties of the fourth histidine (182) differ in the isolated domain and in the native protein. (4) The observed properties of the histidine residues stem primarily from intradomain interactions that remain constant in isolated domains rather than from interactions with neighboring domains; an interdomain interaction is required to explain the behavior of only histidine-182. (5) The chemical shift of histidine-111 is affected by the titration of the side chain of aspartate-98 with pHmid 2.6 in native ovomucoid but not in isolated second domain; the chemical shift of histidine-182 is perturbed by the titration of the carboxyl group of the C-terminal cysteine-186 with pHmid 2.4 in native ovomucoid and pHmid 2.6 in isolated third domain. PMID- 7115678 TI - Hydrophobic oligopeptides in solution and in phospholipid vesicles: synthetic fragments of bacteriorhodopsin. PMID- 7115680 TI - Conformations of Torpedo acetylcholine receptor associated with ion transport and desensitization. PMID- 7115681 TI - Lipid environment of acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo californica. PMID- 7115682 TI - Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance investigations of phase transitions and phase equilibria in pure and mixed phospholipid bilayers. PMID- 7115683 TI - Human skeletal growth factor: characterization of the mitogenic effect on bone cells in vitro. PMID- 7115684 TI - Effect of castration on the synthesis of seminal vesicle secretory protein IV in the rat. AB - The effects of castration on the synthesis (accumulation) of a major seminal vesicle secretory protein (SVS IV) were examined in young adult rats. In vitro incorporation of labeled amino acids into SVS IV by minced tissue was monitored by immunological methods. Castration resulted in a large decrease in the differential synthesis of SVS IV. A significant decrease in the relative incorporation of isotope into SVS IV was evident within 3 days of castration, and by 4 weeks relative incorporation dropped some 30-fold. These changes took place in the presence of a large generalized decline in protein synthesis so that incorporation into SVS IV on an organ basis decreased by over 200-fold. SVS IV messenger RNA levels were estimated by RNA excess solution hybridization using a cloned cDNA probe. Relative message levels declined after castration in harmony with the declines in SVS IV synthesis. SVS IV mRNA was decreased by a relative factor of approximately 20 and an absolute factor of approximately 200 in long term (40-day) castrates. Accordingly, the seminal vesicle conforms to the general pattern of steroid regulated systems in which hormone withdrawal leads to differential decreases in the steady-state pool size for specific mRNAs. The seminal vesicle is unusual, however, in that a prolonged period is required for maximum differential effects to occur. PMID- 7115685 TI - Monovalent cation induced reassociation of formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase monitored by Rayleigh light scattering and enzymic activity. AB - It has been previously established that formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase isolated from Clostridium cylindrosporum is reversibly dissociated and inactivated in the absence of certain monovalent cations. In the present paper, the reassociation of monomeric, inactive enzyme to form tetrameric, active enzyme was monitored by Rayleigh light scattering and enzymic activity. Light-scattering measurements confirmed that the active enzyme is composed of four subunits of equal weight. With the assumption that the results of analytical ultracentrifugation are correct--that monomers and tetramers are the only species ever present at appreciable levels--the amount of tetramer formed during reassociation was calculated from the light-scattering data. Evidence for the accumulation of catalytically active intermediates was obtained by comparing the rate of association of monomers (detected by light scattering) to the rate of return of enzymic activity. The accumulation of intermediates was most strikingly seen at low monovalent cation concentration at low ionic strength. Evidence is also presented that sedimentation favors reassociation of the enzyme. The reassociation data were fit to a second-order reversible rate equation. Interestingly, although the data were derived from the same experiments, the kinetic plot based on light-scattering measurements yielded a straight line function with an abrupt change in slope about 10 min after initiation of reassociation, while plots based on enzymic activity measurements gave a single slope. PMID- 7115686 TI - Anisotropic motion of the steroid ring system of cholesteryl esters. Calculation of carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation times and nuclear Overhauser enhancements and comparison with experiment. AB - A quantitative model for the molecular dynamics of the steroid fused ring system of cholesteryl esters is discussed. The model describes rotational diffusive motion of the steroid rings as that of axially symmetric prolate ellipsoids and is used to generate predictions for the dependence of carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) line widths, spin-lattice relaxation times, and nuclear Overhauser enhancements of C3 and C6 of cholesteryl esters on the correlation times for rotation about the symmetry axis and about the nonunique axes of the ellipse by using the spectral density functions developed by Woessner [Woessner, D.E. (1962) J. Chem. Phys. 37, 647-654]. The predictions are used to calculate correlation times for motion of the steroid rings of isotropic liquid-phase cholesteryl linoleate and cholesteryl oleate from NMR spectra at magnetic field strengths of 2.35 and 6.34 T and at various temperatures. Such calculations characterize steroid ring motion of cholesteryl esters as highly anisotropic, with motion about the symmetry axis 40-130 times faster than about the nonunique axes. The fact that the line width of the C6 resonance is consistently narrower than that of C3 is attributed to the high rotational anisotropy of cholesteryl esters and to the inclination of the C6-H internuclear vector at an angle with respect to the molecular symmetry axis that is very close to the "magic angle". PMID- 7115687 TI - Characterization of the calorimetric C transition of the human erythrocyte membrane. AB - The largest calorimetric endotherm of the human erythrocyte membrane, termed the C transition (68 degrees C), was shown to derive from the denaturation of the membrane-spanning domain of the anion transport protein, band 3. This identification was based on the following evidence: (i) the fluorescence properties of the highly specific covalent ligand of band 3, 4,4' diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid, abruptly changed during the C transition; (ii) the potent, noncovalent inhibitor of anion transport, dipyridamole, was ejected from erythrocyte membranes during the C transition; (iii) the intrinsic fluorescence of the membrane-spanning domain of band 3 decreased suddenly at the temperature of the C transition; and (iv) the purified 53000-dalton, membrane-spanning domain of band 3 yielded the C transition upon reconstitution into egg phosphatidylcholine/bovine brain phosphatidylserine vesicles. Although lipid melting was shown not to contribute to the C endotherm, the thermal stability of band 3 was nevertheless observed to be sensitive to its lipid/detergent environment. The stability of the membrane-spanning domain of band 3 was also found to be unaffected by the presence or absence of glycophorin, suggesting that the putative complex between this region of band 3 and glycophorin is either weak or nonexistent. PMID- 7115688 TI - Effects of lipids on acetylcholine receptor. Essential need of cholesterol for maintenance of agonist-induced state transitions in lipid vesicles. AB - The effects of lipids on the maintenance of characteristic functional properties of the acetylcholine receptor during the course of reconstitution into lipid vesicles were studied by following the kinetics of agonist-induced state transitions. The requirements for successful preservation of these properties could be dissected into two components: (a) adequate nature and concentration of lipids during detergent solubilization; (b) correct lipid environment during reincorporation into lipid vesicles by the cholate dialysis procedure. Optimal bulk lipid concentrations and lipid:cholate ratios for preserving state transitions during solubilization were studied by using both crude soybean lipids and pure synthetic phospholipids. The latter class of lipids was found to be unsuitable substitutes for the crude soybean lipids, irrespective of their polar head group and/or fatty acyl chain, even when detergent:lipid ratios as high as 1:1 (w/w) were employed. Addition of cholesteryl hemisuccinate was able to make up this deficiency, attaining preservation of acetylcholine receptor state transitions at cholate:steroid ratios of about 6:1 (w/w). The presence of steroid decreased the amount of protein solubilized. The correct choice of lipid type was also essential to the reincorporation step, and higher concentrations of lipid were required--about 20 mg/mL for soybean lipids. Pure phospholipids at similar concentrations, however, were unable to maintain the state transitions. Again, steroid (40-46% cholesteryl hemisuccinate/mol of total lipid) provided the adequate conditions at the reincorporation stage and enhanced the amount of protein reincorporated into the vesicles. A large (70-90%) percentage of the receptor was reincorporated with the correct vectorial sidedness. No specificity could be detected for the phospholipid polar head or alkyl chain in relation to any of these findings. The effect of the protein on the physical state of the lipids in the reconstituted vesicles was studied by diphenylhexatriene fluorescence depolarization. The results may be interpreted as a disordering of the acyl chains in the gel state and an ordering in the liquid-crystalline state in the presence of protein, accompanied by shifts in the transition temperatures of the pure phospholipids to lower values. PMID- 7115689 TI - Compartmental analysis of light-induced proton movement in reconstituted bacteriorhodopsin vesicles. AB - Purified bacteriorhodopsin from purple membrane sheets isolated from Halobacter halobium was solubilized with a bile salt detergent, 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethyl-ammonium]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS). The detergent-solubilized protein was then incorporated into lecithin vesicles at either high (450:1) or low (65:1) lipid to protein ratios. Circular dichroism studies showed that the bacteriorhodopsin incorporated was in a monomeric form in the 450:1 vesicles. The 65:1 vesicles exhibited an exciton splitting characteristic of the aggregated state of bacteriorhodopsin. We then examined the light-induced movement of protons for these two preparations. Compartmental analysis was used to derive a kinetic model for the observed proton movement. The pumping was qualitatively the same for monomeric and aggregated protein. A three-compartment model provided an excellent description of proton movement in both sets of vesicles and at four different light intensities. This model demands two independent processes to account for the proton movement. The rate coefficients for both are linearly related to light intensity. However, the total flux of protons via one of these processes diminishes as a function of the hydrogen ion accumulation within the vesicles. PMID- 7115690 TI - Resolution and activity of adenylate cyclase components in a zwitterionic cholate derivative [3-[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate]. AB - Bovine brain adenylate cyclase was solubilized with 3-[(3 cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS), sodium cholate, sodium deoxycholate, or these detergents plus (NH4)2SO4. The specific activity of the extract obtained with 13 mM CHAPS alone was several times those of the other detergent extracts with or without (NH4)2SO4. After solubilization with 13 mM CHAPS, gel filtration completely separated the catalytic unit (C) from the guanine nucleotide binding protein (G/F). C activity when assayed with 5 mM Mn2+ was 5 times that assayed with 10 mM Mg2+ and was unresponsive to GPP(NH)P. C activity was increased approximately 150% by GPP(NH)P in the presence of G/F extracted from human erythrocyte ghosts and approximately 100% by Ca2+ plus calmodulin in assays with Mg2+. On gel filtration and/or density gradient centrifugation, the physical properties of C from brain or AC- cells and G/F from bovine or pig erythrocytes in CHAPs were similar to those observed in other detergents. It appears that the use of CHAPS for solubilization of adenylate cyclase and separation of C and G/F may well prove advantageous in studies of the molecular interactions between the protein subunits and activators of the enzyme as well as for the initial purification of C. PMID- 7115691 TI - Identification of myosin-binding sites on the actin sequence. AB - The rigor complex of actin and trypsin-treated myosin subfragment 1 (S1) whose heavy chain was cleaved into three fragments (20K, 25K, and 50K) was cross-linked with a zero-length cross-linker, 1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethyl-amino) propyl]carbodiimide. The cross-linking reaction generated three types of cross linked products with apparent molecular weights of 65K, 68K, and 95K. The 65K, 68K, and 95K products were covalently linked complexes of actin-20K fragment of the S1 heavy chain, actin-alkaline light chain 1, and actin-50K fragment of the S1 heavy chain, respectively. Cross-linking sites of S1 heavy and light chains on the actin sequence have been determined by digesting the cross-linked products with cyanogen bromide or with hydroxylamine and then mapping resulting peptides on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels. The result indicates that some of the N-terminal acidic residues of actin at positions 1, 2, 3, 4, and 11 are cross-linking sites of the 20K and 50K fragments of the S1 heavy chain while some of its C-terminal acidic residues at positions 360, 362, and 363 are cross-linking sites of the alkaline light chain 1. PMID- 7115692 TI - Polymerization and gelation of actin studied by fluorescence photobleaching recovery. PMID- 7115693 TI - Raman spectroscopic study of the interaction between sulfate anion and an imidazolium ring in ribonuclease A. AB - Raman spectra of ribonuclease A in D2O solution at various pD values have been studied with special attention to the N-deuterated imidazolium ring vibration at 1408 cm-1, the SO4(2-) symmetric stretching vibration at 984 cm-1, the amide I' band, and the tyrosine doublet. Concomitant decrease and increase in the intensities of the 1408- and 984-cm-1 bands in the pD range between 5 and 7 indicate that a sulfate anion is actually hydrogen bonded to an imidazolium ring of a histidine residue located in the interior of the molecule. The mechanism of the sulfate desorption has been compared with that on heat denaturation. PMID- 7115694 TI - 3-Bromo-2-ketoglutarate: a substrate and affinity label for diphosphopyridine nucleotide dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase. PMID- 7115695 TI - 3,4-Didehydro-2-ketoglutarate: an affinity label for diphosphopyridine nucleotide dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase. PMID- 7115696 TI - Phosphorylation of deoxyribonucleic acid dependent RNA polymerase II by nuclear protein kinase NII: mechanism of enhanced ribonucleic acid synthesis. AB - RNA polymerase II was purified from Morris hepatoma 3924A by a series of ion exchange and affinity column chromatographic fractionations, followed by sucrose gradient centrifugation in the presence of 0.3 M KC1. Purified RNA polymerase II had a specific activity of greater than 400 nmol of UMP incorporated (30 min)-1 (mg of protein)-1 by using double-stranded DNA as template. The purified enzyme contained five polypeptides (Mr 214 000, 140 000, 33 000, 25 000, and 21 000) that were present in molar quantities and two additional polypeptides (Mr 19 000 and 18 000) that had a combined molar ratio of 1.0. The cyclic AMP independent nuclear protein kinase NII, also purified from hepatoma 3924A, was able to phosphorylate RNA polymerase II polypeptides of Mr 214 000, 140 000, and 21 000. Phosphorylation of the polymerase was accompanied by enhanced transcription of double-stranded DNA, heat-denatured DNA, and poly[d-(A-T)]. The elevation in RNA polymerase activity was dependent upon the presence of hydrolyzable ATP and resulted from an increased number of RNA molecules synthesized in vitro. The average length of RNA chains was not affected by the kinase. Under similar conditions, protein kinase NII also stimulated homologous RNA polymerase I. In contrast to the phosphorylation of polymerase II, modification of polymerase I resulted in an increase in the average size, but not number, of RNA chains synthesized. The specificity of the NII kinase-catalyzed reaction was demonstrated by the inability of another homologous protein kinase, NI, to phosphorylate or activate RNA polymerase II. PMID- 7115697 TI - K+ transport in mitoplasts. AB - K+ transport into mitoplasts, prepared by digitonin disruption and removal of the outer membranes from rat liver mitochondria, has been studied. Unidirectional K+ influx has been measured by means of 42K, in the presence of the respiratory substrate succinate. K+ influx is inhibited by CN-, antimycin A and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, but is insensitive to oligomycin. A linear dependence of the reciprocal of the K+ -influx rate on the reciprocal of the external K+ concentration is observed. Under the conditions studied, the apparent Km for K+ of the transport mechanism is approx. 6 mM, while the Vmax of K+ influx is approx. 5 mu mol K+/g protein per min. The rate of K+ influx increases with increasing external pH over the range from 6.8 to 8.0. The observed kinetics, pH dependence and inhibitor sensitivity are essentially similar to previously reported characteristics of K+ transport into intact rat liver mitochondria. It is concluded that the outer mitochondrial membrane does not not have a role in controlling K+ flux into rat liver mitochondria. PMID- 7115698 TI - Compartmentation of citrate in relation to the regulation of glycolysis and the mitochondrial transmembrane proton electrochemical potential gradient in isolated perfused rat heart. AB - Subcellular fractionation of tissue in nonaqueous media was employed to study metabolite compartmentation in isolated perfused rat hearts. The mitochondrial and cytosolic concentrations of citrate and 2-oxoglutarate, total concentrations of the glycolytic intermediates and rate of glycolysis were measured in connection with changes in the rate of cellular respiration upon modulation of the ATP consumption by changes of the mechanical work load of the heart. The concentrations of citrate and 2-oxoglutarate in the mitochondria were 16- and 14 fold, respectively, greater than those in the cytosol of beating hearts. The cytosolic citrate concentration was low compared with concentrations which have been employed in demonstrations of the citrate inhibition of glycolysis. In spite of the low activities reported for the tricarboxylate carrier in heart mitochondria, the cytosolic citrate concentration reacted to perturbations of the mitochondrial citrate concentration, and inhibition of glycolysis at the phosphofructokinase step could be observed concomitantly with an increase in the cytosolic citrate concentration. The delta pH across the inner mitochondrial membrane calculated from the 2-oxoglutarate concentration gradient and the mitochondrial membrane potential calculated from the adenylate distribution gave an electrochemical potential difference of protons compatible with chemiosmotic coupling in the intact myocardium. PMID- 7115699 TI - Purification and reconstitution of the 32Pi-ATP exchange activity of bovine chromaffin granule membrane. AB - Ghosts derived from bovine chromaffin granules have a 32Pi-ATP exchange activity which is associated with the H+ pump of that membrane. This activity was low when compared to bacteria, chloroplasts or submitochondrial particles, but had similar properties (Km for ATP and Pi, ATP/Mg2+ ratio, pH profile, inhibition by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and tributyltin) to the ATPase from above membranes. The 32Pi-ATP exchange activity was solubilized by cholate/octylglucoside mixtures. The soluble extract was lipid depleted by ammonium sulfate fractionation and partially purified by sucrose gradient centrifugation. The purified preparation was reconstituted with phospholipids by freeze-thawing. The reconstituted vesicles had a 32Pi-ATP exchange sensitive to dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and trybutyltin and an ATPase with a sensitivity to the inhibitors which varied with the reconstitution conditions. The alpha- and beta-subunits of F1-ATPase were major components of the preparation. PMID- 7115701 TI - Release of remnant plasma membrane from milk fat globules by Triton X-100. AB - The nonionic detergent, Triton X-100, was investigated as an agent for releasing plasma membrane from milk fat globules. The sedimentable material (50 000 X g, 1 h) derived by treating washed goat globules with the detergent (0.2%) was compared to membrane made by the classical globule churning procedure. Characterization included lipid and protein analyses, gel electrophoresis of peptide components, determination of enzymatic activities, and examination with the electron microscope. The results established that the detergent-releasing material is membrane with similarities to the product by churning. Evaluation of variables revealed that a detergent concentration of 0.1 to 0.2% and reaction temperature of 20-22 degrees C appear optimum with respect to membrane yield when a reaction time of 2 min is employed. At higher detergent concentrations or temperatures removal of phospholipid from the membrane was maximized. Triton X 100 was observed to release membrane from milk fat globules of the goat, human and cow, the latter with a minor procedural modification. The detergent based method is a convenient procedure for obtaining plasma membrane material in good yield for biochemical studies. It also should aid investigations of milk fat globule structure. PMID- 7115700 TI - Virus capping on mycoplasma cells and its effect on membrane structure. AB - The capping of mycoplasmavirus L3 on the surface of Acholeplasma laidlawii was investigated. In electron microscope studies we observed a reduced capping after treatment of the host cell with energy-blocking agents. Other drugs inhibiting ligand capping on eucariotic cells had no effect. Changes in membrane structure after virus adsorption were observed spectroscopically using the excimer fluorescence technique. The results are interpreted in terms of a lipid-protein phase separation in connection with virus capping. PMID- 7115702 TI - Specific drug sensitive transport pathways for chloride and potassium ions in steady-state Ehrlich mouse ascites tumor cells. AB - A major aim of this investigation was to determine whether, in steady-state ascites cells, Cl- transport can be partitioned into a furosemide-sensitive cotransport with K+ and a separate 4,4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS) sensitive self-exchange. Both Cl- and K+ fluxes were studied. The furosemide- and Cl- sensitive K+ fluxes were equivalent, both in normal ionic media and when the external K+ concentration, [K+]o, was varied from 4 to 30 mM. The stoichiometry of the furosemide-sensitive Cl- and K+ fluxes was 2 Cl-:1 K+ at 0.1 and 0.5 mM drug levels but increased to 3 Cl-:1 K+ at 1.0 mM furosemide. DIDS at 0.1 mM had no effect on the K+ exchange rate but inhibited Cl- exchange by 39% +/- 2 (S.E.). The effects of DIDS and 0.5 mM furosemide on Cl- transport were additive but 1.0 mM furosemide and DIDS had overlapping inhibitory actions. Thus furosemide acts on components of K+ and Cl- transport which are linked to each other, but the drug also inhibits an additional DIDS-sensitive Cl- pathway, when present at higher concentrations. The dependence of the furosemide-sensitive K+ and Cl- transport on [K+]o was also studied; both fluxes fell as the [K+]o increased. The latter results recall those in an earlier study by Hempling (Hempling, H.G. (1962) J. Cell. Comp. Physiol. 60, 181-198). PMID- 7115703 TI - Resolution of plasma membrane lipid fluidity in intact cells labelled with diphenylhexatriene. AB - The partitioning of fluorescence probes into intracellular organelles poses a major problem when fluorescence methods are applied to evaluate the fluidity properties of cell plasma membranes with intact cells. This work describes a method for resolution of fluidity parameters of the plasma membrane in intact cells labelled with the fluorescence polarization probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5 hexatriene (DPH). The method is based on selective quenching, by nonradiative energy transfer, of the fluorescence emitted from the plasma membrane after tagging the cell with a suitable membrane impermeable electron acceptor. Such selective quenching is obtained by chemical binding of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonate (TNBS), or by incorporation of N-bixinoyl glucosamine (BGA) to DPH labelled cells. The procedures for determination of lipid fluidity in plasma membranes of intact cells by this method are simple and straightforward. PMID- 7115705 TI - A quartz cell for studying planar lipid bilayer membranes. AB - A quartz chamber is proposed for use in experiments with planar lipid bilayer membranes. Membranes are formed in a hole made on the lateral wall of a fused quartz test tube, immersed in an electrolyte solution. The quartz cell is easy to clean, chemically inert and easily made. Membranes formed in this chamber had specific resistances higher than 10(8) omega.cm2 and excellent mechanical stability. PMID- 7115704 TI - The kinetics of the main phase transition of aqueous dispersions of phospholipids induced by pressure jump and monitored by Raman spectroscopy. AB - The sensitivity of the melting transition temperature of aqueous dispersions of dipalmitoyl- and distearoylphosphatidylcholine to hydrostatic pressure is used to allow measurement of the rates of isothermal freezing and melting of the lipids by rapidly changing the pressure. The degree of order of the lipids is measured by monitoring a ratio of two points in the Raman spectrum of the lipids which changes sharply at the melting temperature. Use of this Raman order ratio allows correlation between the order of the sample and the rates of transition in a manner which is impossible by monitoring only turbidity. Our longest relaxation times range upwards from a few seconds for both compounds. The freezing rates are slowest when the samples are initially fully melted, and the melting rates are slowest when the samples are initially frozen. These results imply that nucleation of the growing phase dominates the kinetics of both freezing and melting. PMID- 7115706 TI - The effect on amino acid transport of trypsin treatment of rat renal brush border membranes. AB - Trypsin treatment of isolated rat renal brush border membrane vesicles which preferentially releases L-leucine aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.2) decreases their ability to take up a variety of amino acids under Na+ -gradient conditions. Such treatment did not alter the osmotic properties of the vesicles nor affect their fragility. A linear correlation could be demonstrated between the L-leucine aminopeptidase activity of the membranes and the initial rate of uptake of L leucine and L-proline. Velocity of uptake-concentration dependence studies with these substrates indicate that the major effect of trypsinization is to decrease the maximum velocity (Vmax1) of the low-Km high-affinity system with little effect on the Vmax2 of the high-Km low-affinity transport process and no effect on the apparent Michaelis constants of either. Although the data indicate that L leucine aminopeptidase activity and uptake of l-leucine and L-proline are affected in parallel, they should not be construed to imply a role of the enzyme in the transport process, especially in view of the global decrease in the uptake of various amino acids and sugars. PMID- 7115707 TI - Co-operative binding of concanavalin A to a glycoprotein in lipid bilayers. AB - Lectin-binding curves are reported for a concanavalin A receptor glycoprotein in lipid bilayers and intact cells. The results are consistent with previous studies of the structurally dissimilar transmembrane glycoprotein, glycophorin. High affinity lectin binding to model membranes was influenced by the presence of apparently unrelated macromolecules, which we suggest is an example of receptor modulation by local interactions. Furthermore, high-affinity binding to the model membranes displayed characteristics, including positive cooperativity, similar to those seen with intact cells. PMID- 7115708 TI - Lipid monolayer expansion by calcium-chlorotetracycline at the air/water interface and, as inferred from cell shape changes, in the human erythrocyte membrane. AB - Chemically induced shape changes of the human erythrocyte may result from cell membrane bending by surface tension changes at the lipid bilayer (Evans. E.A. (1974( Biophys. J. 14, 923-931) implicating differential expansion of the monolayers coupled to form the red cell membrane (Sheetz, M.P. and Singer, S.J. (1974) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71, 4457-4461). Interacting with calcium, the antibiotic chlorotetracycline (CTC) transforms crenated cells (echinocytes) into cup-shaped ones (stomatocytes), presumably expanding thereby the red cell membrane inner leaflet relative to the outer one (Behn, C., Lubbemeier, A. and Weskamp, P. (1977) Pflugers Arch. 372, 259-268). Whether the Ca-CTC interaction with lipid monolayers may in fact expand the latter, has now been examined by surface tension measurements at the air/water interface. CTC and lipids appeared to compete for the available sites at the air/water interface, contributing additively to its surface pressure. Ca increased both the adsorption rate of the antibiotic to the interface and the CTC-induced surface pressure increment. The latter was not influenced by the subphase pH and ionic strength, or by the type of phospholipid polar head. Correspondingly, CTC-induced cell shape changes should be determined by the pCa values facing either monolayer of the erythrocyte membrane. Both stomatocytes and echinocytes could indeed by obtained with 0.5 mmol . 1(-1) CTC, the cell shape depending on whether the external medium was adjusted respectively to pCa 9 or to pCa 3. Fluorescence microscopy revealed the Ca-CTC complex to be mostly restricted to the cell in stomatocytes and to the external medium in echinocytes. The possibility of inducing alternative cell shapes by varying the transmembrane Ca-CTC distribution, and the demonstration of a Ca-dependent expansion of even relatively compressed lipid monolayers by CTC, together suggest that the Ca-CTC complex may also differentially expand either leaflet of the red cell membrane. PMID- 7115709 TI - On the functional symmetry of nucleoside transport in mammalian cells. AB - The transport of uridine and thymidine has been examined in HeLa cells, in Novikoff rat hepatoma cells and in human erythrocytes, with the purpose of comparing influx, efflux and isotopic exchange at chemical equilibrium. The results support the following conclusions: (i) In all three cell types influx and efflux are comparable; (ii) HeLa and Novikoff cells show no trans-effect, while erythrocytes show a 5-fold trans-stimulation; (iii) a single kinetic entity accounts for nucleoside transport in HeLa and Novikoff cells - no parallel routes of permeation with Km less than 40 microM were detected. For the cultured cells, the flux data conform to the kinetic model of a single, carrier-mediated transport system symmetrical with respect to direction, and with equal mobilities of substrate-loaded and empty carrier. PMID- 7115710 TI - Electrokinetic behavior of inside-out vesicles from human red cell membranes. AB - The electrokinetic behavior of red cell membrane vesicles of normal (ROV) and inverted (IOV) sidedness has been characterized using the laser Doppler technique of electrophoretic light scattering (ELS). At neutral pH ROV have a (approx. 25%) higher electrophoretic mobility than IOV and the two peaks can be resolved in the ELS spectrum to provide a quantitative estimate of the IOV/ROV ratio which is consistent with the ratio determined by assay of the activity of acetylcholinesterase. The ROV peak coincides with the mobility of fresh red blood cells and of resealed ghosts. Neuraminidase treatment reduces the ROV mobility by a factor of 2.6, while the IOV peak is reduced only slightly (less than 5%). Treatment with trypsin results in a single narrow ELS peak at about 60% of the mobility of ROV. Treatment of IOV with phospholipase C leaves the electrophoretic mobility unaltered, whereas treatment with phospholipase D increases their mode mobility by 22%. The mobility titration curve of IOV from pH 2 to pH 10 reveals three distinct inflection points which may be assigned to chemical groups on the cytoplasmic surface of the red cell membrane. PMID- 7115711 TI - Respiration and sodium transport in rabbit urinary bladder. AB - Respiration of rabbit urinary bladder was measured in free-floating pieces and in short-circuited pieces mounted in an Ussing chamber. Ouabain, amiloride, and potassium-free saline inhibited respiration approx. 20%; sodium-free saline depressed respiration approx. 40-50%. The coupling ratio between respiration and transport in short-circuited tissues was about two sodium ions per molecule O2. Chloride-free saline depressed mean oxygen consumption 21% in free-floating tissue pieces; 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (SITS) and furosemide had no effect. The effect of chloride-free saline in short circuited tissues was variable; in tissues with low transport rates, respiration was stimulated about 21% while in tissue with high transport rates respiration was reduced about 24%. Nystatin and monensin, both of which markedly increase the conductance of cell membranes with a concomitant increase in sodium entry, stimulated respiration. These data indicate that 50-60% of the total oxygen consumption is not influenced by sodium, 20-25% is linked to (Na+ +K+)-ATPase transport, while the remaining 25-30% is sodium-dependent but not ouabain inhibitable. PMID- 7115712 TI - Analysis of membrane fractions from Mycoplasma gallisepticum. AB - Membrane fractions have been isolated from Mycoplasma gallisepticum following a procedure derived from that described by Maniloff, J. and Quinlan, D.C. (J. Bacteriol. (1974) 120, 495-501). A light fraction F1 was obtained which contained structures resembling the bleb-infrableb apparatus characteristic of M. gallisepticum. It was enriched in DNA and had an electrophoretic profile different from that of unfractionated membranes. Cholesterol-to-phospholipid ratios higher than two and elevated values of the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids were other characteristics of this fraction. The two other fractions isolated (FII and FIV) also differed from intact membranes by their cholesterol and phospholipid content as well as by their saturation ratios. The membrane fluidity of FII and FIV, estimated by fluorescence polarization, was similar to that of unfractionated membranes while a slight but significant difference was recorded for the light fraction. Possible relationships between the lateral heterogeneity of the M. gallisepticum membrane and the obtainment of fractions are discussed. PMID- 7115713 TI - Measurements of the elasticity of monolayers consisting of lipids from nerve membranes. AB - For measurement of viscoelastic properties of monolayer-covered interfaces a longitudinal wave is generated in the plane of the interface, using a horizontal oscillating barrier. The wave propagation depends on the values of the viscoelastic parameters of the monolayer. The technique is applied here to study the surface elasticity of layers consisting of lipids extracted from nerve membranes. It is concluded that mechanical disturbances are propagated as longitudinal waves. The possibility that longitudinal waves occur in nerve membranes and the role they might play in the transmission of information in biological membranes is discussed. PMID- 7115714 TI - Analysis of the proteins, glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans of fibroblast adhesions to substratum. AB - The focal adhesion preparations which remain attached to a glass substratum when fibroblast bodies are removed by a gentle stream of buffer have been analysed by gel electrophoresis coupled with other selective methods of analysis. The results are consistent with the presence of three classes of macromolecular components. (i) Muscle and associated proteins amongst which actin was abundant with significant amounts of tropomyosin, some myosin and traces of alpha-actinin. Some vimentin was present but no vinculin. We detected a major new protein component, as yet unidentified, with a molecular weight in the region of 50000-55000 which is not desmin or tubulin and could have an important function at the focal adhesion. (ii) Glycoproteins which are a specialised subset of those in the whole plasma membrane and included a family which bind ricin and therefore contain beta galactose end groups, together with a series having carbohydrate chains which bound neither ricin nor concanavalin A. The relative proportion of ricin-binding glycoproteins compared to concanavalin A-binding glycoproteins was higher than in whole plasma membranes. (iii) Glycosaminoglycans, with hyaluronate identified as the major component by column chromatography and its susceptibility to Streptomyces hyaluronidase. PMID- 7115715 TI - Solubilization of adenylate cyclase of brain membranes by lipid peroxidation. AB - Adenylate cyclase in the membrane fractions of bovine and rat brains, but not in rat liver plasma membranes, was solubilized by treatment with Fe2+ (10 microM) plus dithiothreitol (5 mM). Solubilization of the enzyme by these agents was completely prevented by simultaneous addition of N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPPD), an inhibitor of lipid peroxidation. Ascorbic acid also solubilized the enzyme from the brain membranes. Lipid peroxidation of the brain membranes was characterized by a selective loss of phosphatidylethanolamine. Solubilization of membrane-bound enzymes by Fe2+ plus dithiothreitol was not specific for adenylate cyclase, because phosphodiesterase, thiaminediphosphatase and many other proteins were also solubilized. Solubilized adenylate cyclase had a high specific activity and was not activated by either NaF, 5'-guanylyl imidodiphosphate (Gpp[NH]p) or calmodulin. These results suggested that lipid peroxidation of the brain membranes significantly solubilized adenylate cyclase of high specific activity. PMID- 7115716 TI - Physical properties of arabinofuranosylcytosine diphosphate diacylglycerol, an antitumor liponucleotide. AB - Dispersed from a dry film into buffer (5 mM phosphate, 0.15 M NaCl, pH 7.4), the liponucleotide 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine 5'-diphosphate L-1,2 diacylglycerol (ara-CDPdiacylglycerol) spontaneously forms vesicles which are several microns in diameter and probably unilamellar. Their average size immediately begins to decrease, and after 2 h none can be seen in the light microscope. During 1-2 days in unstirred solutions at 25 degrees C, the vesicles are transformed to spherical or nearly spherical micelles having an apparent partial specific volume of 0.835 ml . g-1, a maximum possible aggregation number of about 150, and an anhydrous radius of about 37 A. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) is about 10 microM in buffer and 20 microM in distilled water, but micelle-monomer equilibration requires at least 1 week at a total concentration of 66 microM. This exceedingly slow equilibration is unique among reported detergents. The standard enthalpy and entropy of micellization are - 13 kJ . mol-1 and 87 J . mol-1 . K-1, respectively. These values are within the range reported for other detergents. Sonication accelerates the vesicle-micelle transformation to 30 min. PMID- 7115717 TI - Fluorescence anisotropy from diphenylhexatriene in rat liver plasma membranes. AB - Rat livers were fractionated to obtain intracellular membrane preparations and a highly purified preparation of bile canaliculi. The fraction containing bile canaliculi was homogenized and subfractionated to give fractions representing fragments of contiguous membrane and of canalicular microvilli. The relative purity and extent of contamination of each preparation was determined. When the fluorescent probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene was incorporated into aliquots of each fraction at the same probe: lipid ratio and the steady-state anisotropy of its fluorescence measured, it was found that the plasma membrane preparations were much more ordered than the intracellular membrane preparations. Of the plasma membrane preparations, that containing the canalicular microvilli was the most ordered, even allowing for any contribution of contaminants. Thus the microvillus membrane of the bile canaliculus appears to be the most ordered domain of the plasma membrane of the hepatocyte. The high order in this domain may be a factor in reducing the susceptibility to bile salt damage during bile secretion, since it is this region which is exposed to high concentrations of bile salts in vivo. PMID- 7115719 TI - The role of translational inhibitor in ethionine-induced inhibition of protein synthesis. AB - The soluble fraction from rat liver contains an inhibitor of protein chain initiation when tested in a cell-free protein-synthesizing system derived from rabbit reticulocytes. The administration of ethionine to rats increased the inhibitory activity in the liver. This liver inhibitor displayed properties similar to those of hemin-controlled inhibitor found in rabbit reticulocytes: (i) the liver inhibitor inhibited protein chain initiation in rabbit reticulocyte lysate with characteristic biphasic kinetics; (ii) the liver inhibitor disaggregated the reticulocyte polysomes with a concomitant increase in 80 S ribosomes; (iii) the inhibition was prevented or reversed by eIF-2. The activation of the liver inhibitor by ethionine was rapidly and completely counteracted by the subsequent administration of methionine and adenine to rats. The mechanism of inhibition of protein synthesis by ethionine was discussed in the light of these findings. PMID- 7115718 TI - Evidence that reverse cholesterol transport occurs in vivo and requires lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase. AB - The transport of cholesterol from extrahepatic tissues into plasma (reverse cholesterol transport) and the possible requirement for lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase was examined in the rat. One hour after removal of the liver plasma cholesterol ester concentrations were significantly increased by 20%, whereas free cholesterol concentrations were unchanged. The lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor, 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) was administered to eviscerated rats. It inhibited plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity by 90% which in turn totally prevented the increase in plasma cholesterol ester concentrations. In addition, heat-inactivated plasma from DTNB-treated eviscerated rats was 50% more reactive toward a standard source of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase compared to plasma from control or untreated eviscerated rats. These data suggest that in the rat a reactive lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase substrate is formed extrahepatically. Together with lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase, this reactive substrate removes cholesterol from peripheral tissues. PMID- 7115720 TI - Normal repair of gamma radiation-induced single-strand and double-strand DNA breaks in retinoblastoma fibroblasts. AB - The formation and repair of gamma radiation-induced DNA damage were examined in fibroblasts from individuals with retinoblastoma. Utilizing the alkaline elution technique to study single-strand DNA breaks and the nondenaturing elution technique to study double-strand DNA breaks, cultured cell strains from two patients with bilateral retinoblastoma and one patient with sporadic retinoblastoma were shown to develop the same number of DNA breaks as cells from normal individuals after exposure to various gamma radiation doses. Furthermore, the rate and extent of rejoining of both single- and double-strand DNA breaks induced by gamma radiation in retinoblastoma fibroblasts were also normal Defective DNA break repair does not appear to explain the marked predisposition to second malignancies and the possible in vitro radiation sensitivity which are associated with hereditary retinoblastoma. PMID- 7115721 TI - Erythromycin inhibition of cell proliferation and in vitro mitochondrial protein synthesis in human HeLa cells is pH dependent. PMID- 7115722 TI - Hydrogen exchange kinetics of nucleic acids. Double and triple helices with Hoogsteen-type basepairs. AB - The kinetics of hydrogen-tritium exchange reaction have been followed by a Sephadex technique of a double-helical poly(ribo-2-methylthio-adenylic acid) . poly(ribouridylic acid) complex with the Hoogsteen-type basepair. Only one hydrogen in every 2-methylthio-adenine . uracil basepair has been found to exchange at a measurably slow rate, 0.023 s-1 (at 0 degrees C), which is, however, much greater than that for a double-helix with the Watson-Crick type A . U pair. The kinetics of hydrogen-tritium exchange were also examined by triple helical poly(rU) . poly(rA) . poly(rU) which involves both the Watson-Crick and Hoogsteen basepairings. Here, three hydrogens in every U . A. U base triplet have been found to exchange at a relatively slow rate, 0.0116 s-1 (at 0 degrees C). The kinetics of hydrogen-deuterium exchange reactions of these polynucleotide helices have also been followed by a stopped-flow ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry at various temperatures. On the basis of these experimental results, the mechanism of the hydrogen exchange reactions in these helical polynucleotides was discussed. In the triple helix, the rate-determining process of the slow exchange of the three (one uracil-imide and two adenine-amino) hydrogens is considered to be the opening of the Watson-Crick part of the U. A. U triplet. This opening is considered to take place only after the opening of the Hoogsteen part of the triplet. PMID- 7115723 TI - Modification of hemoglobin S with dimethyl adipimidate. Contribution of individual reacted subunits to changes in properties. PMID- 7115724 TI - Peptide structures of pyruvate kinase isozymes. I. Comparison of the four pyruvate kinase isozymes of the rat. PMID- 7115725 TI - The erythrocruorin of Eisenia fetida. I. Properties and subunit structure. AB - The erythrocruorin of Eisenia fetida possesses a relative molecular mass, determined by sedimentation equilibrium, of (3.82 +/- 0.05) . 10(6). According to the iron and heme contents, 0.218 +/- 0.008% and 2.34 +/- 0.02% by mass, respectively, it contains 144 hemes per molecule. The dimensions of the molecule observed by electron microscopy are 25.0 X 16.5 nm (diameter X height). SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicates that the erythrocruorin consists of six subunits (Mr 14,900, 15,300, 17,200, 19,700, 31,600 and 40,000). Oxygen binding studies showed that E. fetida erythrocruorin has a high oxygen affinity (P50 = 2.8 Torr at pH 7.5), exhibits a slight bohr effect and possesses a high cooperativity with the Hill coefficient h = 3.7-4.8. Treatment of the erythrocruorin either by freezing and thawing or by aging or exposure to alkaline pH converts it irreversibly into a state of lower cooperativity with h = 2.0-2.6. A model of the subunit structure of the erythrocruorin is proposed which takes into account the physiochemical and oxygen-binding properties of the erythrocruorin and the subunits obtained upon its dissociation. PMID- 7115726 TI - The erythrocruorin of Eisenia fetida. II. Properties of the principal subunit. AB - The erythrocruorin of Eisenia fetida can be dissociated partially into its principal subunits, the putative one-twelfths of the molecule and smaller subunits, by three different methods: freezing and thawing (Af), exposure to alkaline pH (Aa) and aging (Ao). The isolated subunits possess a relative molecular mass of 310,000 +/- 20,000 by gel filtration and their SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic patterns are identical to (Af) or slightly different from (Aa, Ao) that of the erythrocruorin. The absorption spectra and Hill constant h of the principal subunit Af correspond to the values of the whole erythrocruorin in the state of low cooperativity, which results from freezing and thawing, exposure to alkaline pH, and aging. Electron microscopic studies of the principal subunits and of the 'treated' erythrocruorin showed that their dimensions had increased relative to the native erythrocruorin: a diameter of 9 nm vs. 8.5 nm and (26.4 +/- 0.4) X (18.3 +/- 0.4) nm vs. 25.0 X 16.5 nm, respectively. Erythrocruorin reconstituted from the Af subunits possessed the dimensions (26.6 +/- 0.4) X (18.6 +/- 0.4) nm. Based on the subunit model of Eisenia erythrocruorin proposed previously it is suggested that there can exist an association-dissociation equilibrium between the principal subunits, smaller subunits, and the erythrocruorin when it is in the state of low cooperativity, but not when it is in its native, high-cooperativity state. PMID- 7115727 TI - The primary structures of pancreatic ribonucleases from African porcupine and casiragua, two hystricomorph rodent species. AB - The amino acid sequences of the pancreatic ribonucleases from African porcupine (Hystrix cristata) and casiragua (Proechimys guairae, a caviomorph rodent species related to the coypu) were determined. The ribonucleases were isolated form minces of pancreatic tissue which had been used for the extraction of the insulins. The results of the sequence determinations of residues 67-78 in both enzymes were ambiguous. Therefore, homology with other ribonucleases has been used in deriving these sequences. At position 94 aspartic acid was found, while all other ribonuclease sequenced to date have asparagine at this position. This may indicate a specific deamidation as a result of the acidic conditions during the extraction of insulin. The amino acid sequence of African porcupine ribonuclease shows a close relationship with those of the South-American caviomorph rodents, which implies that the hystricomorph suborder of the rodents, to which both the African porcupine and the caviomorphs belong, is a natural (evolutionary) taxon. Both porcupine and casiragua ribonuclease are glycoproteins with complex-type carbohydrate chains attached to asparagine-34. PMID- 7115728 TI - An experimental verification of the theory of diffusion limitation of immobilized enzymes. AB - Alkaline phosphatase (orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum), EC 3.1.3.1) was covalently bound to Sepharose beads. Kinetic measurements with the substrate p-nitrophenyl phosphate gave the following results. Effectiveness factors were decreasing with increasing bound activity, decreasing substrate concentration, and increasing particle radius of the beads. With decreasing effectiveness factors, the apparent Michaelis constants were decreasing. Preparations with high bound activities did not obey Michaelis-Menten kinetics at substrate concentrations much higher than the apparent Michaelis constants. The experimental results accorded quantitatively with the theory of diffusion limitation (Engasser, J.M. (1978) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 526, 301-310). PMID- 7115730 TI - Effect of ATP on glucose-6-phosphate isomerase from Bacillus caldotenax. AB - Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (D-glucose-6-phosphate ketol-isomerase, EC 5.3.1.9) from Bacillus caldotenax exhibits negative cooperativity in enzyme activity. Fructose 1-phosphate, fructose, 1,6-bisphosphate, phosphoenolpyruvate, 6 phosphogluconate, 3-phosphoglycerate, ATP and Pi competitively inhibit the enzyme and abolish negative cooperativity in enzyme activity, while glucose 1-phosphate, dihydroxyacetone phosphate, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, ADP and AMP do not inhibit the enzyme. Among the inhibitors of which intracellular concentrations can be measured, only ATP inhibits the enzyme and abolishes negative cooperativity in enzyme activity at intracellular concentration. Such ATP inhibition is observed at 65 degrees C, but not at 30 degrees C, and the inhibition becomes less effective as the temperature decreases. PMID- 7115729 TI - Proteins of the outer layer of the vitelline membrane of hen's eggs. AB - A study has been made of the proteins in the vitelline membrane of hen's eggs before and after mechanical separation into the inner and outer layers. The membranes were dissolved in detergent (sodium dodecyl sulphate) and chromatographic fractions were examined by gel electrophoresis. The separated inner and outer layers were compared by gel electrophoresis. The outer layer contained (i) enzymically active lysozyme (EC 3.2.1.17) (about 60% dry weight), (ii) an insoluble ovomucin complex and (iii) a new protein, VMOI (vitelline membrane outer I). These account for most of the protein. In addition, some minor constituents were detected by gel electrophoresis but were not isolated. Except for ovomucin, the constituents of the outer layer could be dissolved from the membrane at high ionic strength (greater than 0.5 M sodium chloride), resulting in a loss of its structure. On lowering the ionic strength the soluble proteins recombined with the membrane, partially regenerating the original structure. Ovomucin appears to form the skeleton of the outer layer, but the salt-soluble proteins, especially lysozyme, are responsible for its integrity. The function of the newly-recognized protein (VMOI) is not known. Its molecular weight is 17,500 according to gel electrophoresis in detergent and it contains no methionine. The inner layer consists largely of the proteins GPI, GPII and GPIII isolated by Kido et al. (Kido, S., Janado, M. and Nunoura, H. (1975) J. Biochem. 78, 261-268) from the whole membrane. PMID- 7115733 TI - Diacetyl: a new substrate in the overall reaction of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. AB - Pig heart pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (pyruvate: lipoamide oxidoreductase (decarboxylating and acceptor-acetylating), EC 1.2.4.1) catalyzes the decomposition of diacetyl to acetate, acetyl-CoA and produces reduced NAD+ with 1:1:1 stoichiometry. The reaction rate with diacetyl is approximately 7.1% of that with pyruvate. The Km value for diacetyl was found to be 0.46 mM. Acetoin and acetaldehyde inhibit the pyruvate dehydrogenase-catalyzed reaction of diacetyl with Ki values of 0.91 mM and 0.48 mM, respectively. Inhibition patterns show that they are competitive inhibitors versus diacetyl. Acetate, as product, does not inhibit the enzymatic decomposition of diacetyl. Diacetyl is not only an alternative substrate in the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction, but a competitive inhibitor versus pyruvate with a Ki value of 0.43 mM. PMID- 7115731 TI - Comparison of the effects of lower monohydric alcohols and inositol hexaphosphate on the oxidation of hemoglobin by menadione. AB - Analyses of optical absorption spectra show that the lower monohydric alcohols (methanol, ethanol, 1- and 2-propanol and 1-butanol) exert two distinct effects upon the oxidation of oxyhemoglobin by menadione. As chain length increases from one to three carbons, the rate of oxidation decreases. In contrast, as chain length increases, hemichrome production is enhanced along with the tendency for the oxidized hemoglobin to precipitate. Inositol hexaphosphate, which shifts the hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve far to the right, also increases the rate of oxidation. However, the ability of methanol and ethanol to alter oxidation rates is greater than that of IHP, and does nor correlate with their effect on oxygen affinity. The effect of these alcohols on rate of oxidation appears related primarily to their capacity for direct binding to the ferric iron-heme complex as it forms. Increased hemichrome formation, in higher alcohols, and subsequent precipitation, is primarily a solvent effect associated with increasing hydrophobicity. Menadione-induced oxidation may require deoxyhemoglobin in the presence of a small amount of oxygen in order to proceed. PMID- 7115734 TI - Modification of sickle hemoglobin by acetaldehyde and its effect on oxygenation, gelation and sickling. AB - Erythrocytes from sickle cell anemia patients and chromatographically purified Hb S0 were incubated with 0.25 to 120 mM acetaldehyde for 15 min to 6 h at different temperatures and pH. Several hemoglobin adducts stable to dialysis were separated by Biorex 70 chromatography and the proportions of the adducts formed were dependent on the period of incubation, acetaldehyde concentration, pH and temperature. Acetaldehyde treatment showed an increase in solubility, minimum gelling concentration and oxygen affinity and a decrease in sickling which showed a dependence on Hb S modification. With 0.25 to 1 mM acetaldehyde, significant inhibition of sickling was observed without any effect on the physical characteristics of the hemoglobin molecule. Acetaldehyde may act as a gelation inhibitor as well as a cell sickling inhibitor. PMID- 7115732 TI - Superprecipitation of gizzard actomyosin, and tension in gizzard muscle skinned fibers in the presence of nucleotides other than ATP. AB - 1. Nucleotides which are known to be poor substrates for myosin kinase (ITP, GTP, UTP and CTP) are poor relative to ATP at producing Ca2+-sensitive superprecipitation or tension in smooth-muscle-derived experimental systems. The ability of these nucleotides to support Ca2+-sensitive superprecipitation or tension in striated muscle fibers depends on fiber type, but ranges from poor for GTP to excellent for CTP. 2. Thiophosphate analogs of ITP and GTP (ITP gamma S and GTP gamma S) are poor at irreversibly activating superprecipitation in smooth muscle actomyosin relative to ATP gamma S. 3. [gamma-32P]ITP is poor relative to [gamma-32P]ATP as a substrate of the endogenous myosin light-chain kinase in gizzard actomyosin. 4. The results provide further independent evidence in both gizzard actomyosin and skinned fibers that the smooth muscle Ca2+-control system is based on myosin phosphorylation. PMID- 7115735 TI - Evidence against tubulin oligomer dissociation to tubulin dimer at assembly temperatures. AB - Chromatography of microtubule protein through 8% agarose at 4 and 31 degrees C demonstrated that tubulin oligomer was not dissociated to tubulin dimer and microtubule associated proteins by assembly temperatures. During chromatography, formation of microtubules was prevented by using 10 microM podophyllotoxin and/or 25 microM GTP. In the presence of 25 microM GTP, tubulin oligomer at 31 degrees C and microtubule protein retained the ability to polymerize. Evidence against dimer formation from tubulin oligomer was also obtained via a turbidity study of the initial events (the first 90 s) of microtubule assembly. PMID- 7115736 TI - Purification and characterization of extracellular polyamine oxidase produced by Penicillium sp. no. PO-1. AB - An extracellular polyamine oxidase produced by Penicillium sp. No. PO-1 was completely purified using the chromatofocusing method with a very high yield (93%) of the activity. The enzyme was composed of two identical subunits (Mr 64 000) and contained FAD. The optimal pH for activity was approx. 4.0. The enzyme oxidized spermidine and spermine. Km and Vmax values for spermidine were respectively 8.2 microM and 16.4 mumol H2O2/mg protein per min. Corresponding values for spermine were 5.3 microM and 13.3 mumol H2O2/mg protein per min. The enzyme attacked the secondary amino group of spermidine and spermine, and produced putrescine, 3-aminopropionaldehyde and H2O2. The enzyme activity was completely inhibited by phenylhydrazine. However, sulfhydryl reagents showed no effect on the activity. It is expected that the enzyme will be useful in determining the amount of polyamine in body fluids. PMID- 7115737 TI - Isolation and characterization of glycopeptides of human transcortin. AB - Pronase digestion of human transcortin yielded two major glycopeptides (GID3 and G2D2, in a molar ratio of approx. 1.0 to 1.5) which were isolated by gel and anion-exchange chromatography. Chromatography behaviour, methylation analysis and analytical chromatography on a Con A-Sepharose column suggested that both of the glycopeptides were N-linked asparaginyl oligosaccharides of the N acetyllactosamine type, G1D3 and G2D2 being triantennary and biantennary isoglycans, respectively. Microheterogeneity in regard to the position of the linkages between sialyl and galactosyl residues occurred in the triantennary and, possibly, in biantennary isoglycans. PMID- 7115738 TI - The effect of aging on rat liver phosphoglycerate kinase and comparison with the muscle enzyme. AB - Pure liver phosphoglycerate kinase (ATP:3-phospho-D-glycerate 1 phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.2.3) from old rats has been found to be an altered enzyme with certain properties which are dissimilar to those of the enzyme obtained from young animals. Stability during storage, sensitivity to heat, response to antiserum and stability during isoelectric focusing differ. Unchanged are molecular weight, specific activity, Km, reactivity of SH groups, blocked N terminal residue and leucine for the C-terminal residue. Liver phosphoglycerate kinase differs substantially from the muscle enzyme. Among the differences are stability, heat-sensitivity, Km for 3-phosphoglyceric acid, inactivation by urea and response to antiserum. Nonetheless, a number of properties suggest that the liver and muscle enzymes are similar in structure. Both react with antisera prepared to phosphoglycerate kinase from muscle and liver, respectively. For both enzymes, the N-terminal residue is blocked and the C-terminal amino acid is leucine. The muscle form has been named phosphoglycerate kinase-1 or A. The only previously known isozyme is the testis enzyme, phosphoglycerate kinase-2 or B. We therefore propose that the liver enzyme be known as phosphoglycerate kinase-3 or C. PMID- 7115739 TI - Demonstration that bovine erythrocyte cytochrome b5 is the hydrophilic segment of liver microsomal cytochrome b5. PMID- 7115740 TI - The isoelectric focusing of human thyroglobulin. AB - The isoelectric focusing of human thyroglobulin has been studied on slab gels. Three bands, focusing between pH 4.4 and 4.7, are observed. Deglycosylation of thyroglobulin does not affect the distribution of focused bands, but increases the pH range of focusing slightly. Native thyroglobulin and its half-sized subunit show the same distribution of isoelectric bands. Refocusing of one band results in the appearance of the three original bands. It appears that soluble complexes of thyroglobulin with ampholyte account for the apparent heterogeneity observed on isoelectric focusing. PMID- 7115741 TI - An effect of very low density lipoproteins on the rate of cholesterol esterification in human plasma. AB - Rates of esterification of plasma cholesterol have been compared in two groups of human subjects with widely differing concentrations of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). Group 1 consisted of subjects with fasting plasma triacylglycerol concentrations over 2.0 mM and group 2 consisted of subjects with concentrations under 1.6 mM. The rate of esterified cholesterol production in incubations of whole plasma from group 1 subjects was much greater than that from group 2 subjects. A clear difference between the rates of esterification was also evident when either total lipoproteins, total high density lipoproteins (HDL) or the HDL subfraction, HDL3, from the two types of subjects were incubated in the presence of a common source of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase. Since these findings appeared to reflect fundamental differences within the HDL3 subfractions, which may have been modified by prior exposure to the high concentrations of VLDL in group 1 subjects, VLDL-deficient plasma and the plasma fraction of d greater than 1.125 g/ml (containing HDL3) from hypotriglyceridaemic subjects were preincubated at 37 degrees C with an excess of added VLDL in the presence of a reversal of the inhibition of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase, the capacity of the original fractions to esterify cholesterol had been markedly increased. These studies, therefore, show that the lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase substrate capacity of particles within the HDL3 subfraction is enhanced by exposure to VLDL and that this enhancement is not dependent on the continued presence of VLDL during the actual esterification reaction. PMID- 7115742 TI - Phospholipid acyl chain metabolism during the differentiation of murine leukemia cell lines. On the redistribution of polyunsaturated acyl chains among phospholipids. AB - Phospholipid acyl chain metabolism was investigated during the differentiation of murine myeloid leukemic cells (MI cells). Fatty acid composition of the phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) fraction showed no significant change, while a marked decrease in the polyunsaturated fatty acid content was observed in the phosphatidylcholine (PC) fraction during the course of differentiation. When these cells were incubated with [14C]arachidonate, it was actively incorporated initially into PC, and subsequently, gradually mobilized to PE from PC during the 72 h of culture. This characteristic redistribution was observed specifically with polyunsaturated acyl chains. Thus, the normal metabolic pathway of polyunsaturated fatty acids in these cells appears to consist of two steps: firstly fatty acids are incorporated from the external medium into the form of polyunsaturated PC, and, subsequently, are stored within cells as a metabolically stable pool after the conversion into the form of polyunsaturated PE. In differentiated cells, this redistribution pathway was significantly enhanced, suggesting a change in the activity of the deacylation-reacylation cycle during the course of differentiation, PMID- 7115743 TI - On the pH dependency of lipoprotein lipase activity. AB - The relation between pH and activity for lipoprotein lipase against emulsions of long-chain triacylglycerols has previously been studied in several laboratories and found to be a bell-shaped curve with optimum activity between pH 8 and 9. In contrast, using short-chain triacylglycerols or monoacylglycerols as substrates we had found that the activity rises continuously with pH to at least pH 10.5. This suggested that some factor other than the active site mechanism limited the activity at high pH in traditional assay systems. We, therefore, reinvestigated the activity against long-chain triacylglycerols under conditions where binding of the enzyme to the emulsion droplets and enzyme stability was not limiting. Under these conditions the activity continued to rise from pH 8 to pH 10, and the degree of stimulation by apolipoprotein C-II was found to be the same over the whole range studied (pH 6.5-10.5). PMID- 7115745 TI - Lipids of pigment gallstones. AB - The lipids of pigment gallstones were analyzed. In contrast to previous reports, pigment stones were found to contain a wide variety of free fatty acids. In addition, pigment stones contained unhydrolyzed phospholipids. Both free fatty acids and phospholipids were present in much higher concentrations in a brown stone obtained from a patient with a biliary tract infection than in a black stone obtained from a patient with sterile bile and a long-standing hemolytic anemia. However, the phospholipids in both kinds of stone consisted primarily of phosphatidylcholine. Separation of stone and bile phosphatidylcholines into their individual molecular species by high performance liquid chromatography indicated that the phosphatidylcholines in stones closely resemble those in bile. The data suggest that both the free fatty acids and the phosphatidylcholine of pigment stones derive from bile phosphatidylcholine, but that the extent of bile phosphatidylcholine participation in pigment stone formation may be variable. PMID- 7115744 TI - Binding of lipoprotein lipase to the cell surface is essential for the transmembrane transport of chylomicron cholesteryl ester. AB - Four cell types, F1 rat heart cells, rat preadipocytes, human skin fibroblasts and bovine endothelial cells, were used to investigate whether surface binding of lipoprotein lipase was essential in the transmembrane transport of chylomicron cholesteryl ester. Exposure of F1 heart cells to colchicine resulted in decrease in endogenous surface-bound lipoprotein lipase and a concomitant fall in the uptake of chylomicron cholesteryl linoleyl ether, a nondegradable analog of cholesteryl ester. Uptake of chylomicron cholesteryl linoleyl ether was enhanced by addition of milk lipoprotein lipase and this enhancement also persisted in the presence of colchicine. The drug did not reduce surface binding to the enzyme. Milk lipoprotein lipase was bound to the cell surface of the different cell types and its fate during chase in enzyme-free medium was determined. The t 1/2 of surface-bound enzyme in endothelial cells and in F1 heart cells was about 2 h; it was 4 h in skin fibroblasts. The decrease in surface-bound lipoprotein lipase was accompanied by a parallel fall in the binding and uptake of chylomicron cholesteryl linoleyl ether by the various cell types examined. This decrease in the uptake of cholesteryl linoleyl ether occurred even though lipoprotein lipase activity in the medium was present, as evidenced by the hydrolysis of [14C]triacylglycerol. Release of surface-bound endogenous or exogenous lipoprotein lipase by heparin was accompanied by almost complete elimination of uptake of cholesteryl linoleyl ether in presence of complete hydrolysis of [14C]triacylglycerol. The present results indicate that the transmembrane transport of cholesteryl ester is catalyzed by lipoprotein lipase only when the enzyme is bound to the cell membrane. PMID- 7115746 TI - Morphologic abnormalities of erythrocytes from patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. AB - Erythrocytes from patients with various disorders of lipoprotein metabolism have been found to have abnormal morphology. We report morphologic abnormalities of erythrocytes from two patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HFH), in which knisocytes, stomatocytes and crenated cells were observed. The membrane lipid and phospholipid fatty acid composition of HFH erythrocytes was not significantly different from controls. HFH erythrocytes incubated in HFH patient plasma and a lipoprotein-rich fraction of HFH plasma appeared morphologically similar to erythrocytes from HFH patients. These studies support the concept that serum lipids exert an important role in the regulation of erythrocyte morphology in the normal state, as well as in patients with disorders of lipoprotein metabolism. PMID- 7115747 TI - Synthesis and incorporation of phospholipid by peroxisomes of mouse liver. AB - The uptake of radioactively labelled glycerol into the phospholipid fractions of mouse liver has been studied. The incorporation of phospholipid into peroxisomal and microsomal membranes was found to be rapid, and of a similar timescale, whereas mitochondrial membranes were appreciably slower in their uptake of label. Discernible differences were shown to exist between these membrane types in relation to phospholipid composition and lipid turnover. These data are interpreted as supportive of a model for peroxisomal biogenesis which involves formation of these organelles by a budding process from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 7115748 TI - Purification of canine post-heparin hepatic lipase. AB - A method for the purification of canine hepatic lipase from post-heparin hepatic venous blood plasma was developed and found applicable to mixed venous post heparin plasma. The method employs sequential (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, heparin Sepharose chromatography at pH 8.8 and, finally, adsorption to antiserum prepared against dog pre-heparin plasma. The lipase was purified 10,000-fold. The specific activity assayed with Intralipid as substrate was 840 mumol free fatty acid h-1 . mg-1. Enzyme recovery was 20%. Upon electrophoresis of the purified lipase in polyacrylamide gel containing SDS, a major protein-staining band with an apparent molecular weight of 60,000 was consistently found. This component accounted for 85-90% of the protein applied to the gel, and by amino acid analysis appeared to be distinct from canine antithrombin III, a protein thought to contaminate hepatic lipase purified by earlier methods. PMID- 7115749 TI - Exchange of retinyl and cholesteryl esters between lipoproteins of rabbit plasma. AB - Normal or hypercholesterolemic rabbit plasma stimulates the transfer of retinyl ester as well as cholesteryl ester from rabbit lymph chylomicrons, chylomicron remnants or from cholesteryl ester-rich plasma VLDL to the d greater than 1.019 lipoprotein fractions. The presence of p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonate does not inhibit the transfer of these esters. Partially purified lipid transfer protein from rabbit or from human plasma also accelerates the transfer of the above esters. Whereas the rabbit plasma transfer protein preferentially accelerates the transfer of retinyl ester, the human plasma transfer protein appears to have a somewhat greater stimulating effect on the transfer of cholesteryl ester from low to high-density lipoproteins. PMID- 7115750 TI - Changes in the plasma lipoprotein distribution of apolipoproteins C-II, C-III1, C III2 and apolipoprotein B after heparin-induced lipolysis. AB - The group of C apolipoproteins are involved in the catabolism of triacylglycerol rich lipoproteins, C-II activating triacyglycerol lipolysis and C-III possibly preventing premature removal of the particle. In normal subjects, C-II, C-III1 and C-III2 exchange between very low density (VLDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) at similar rates and catabolism appears to occur with HDL. In the present studies in one normal and in four subjects with moderate-to-severe hypertriglyceridemia, the metabolism of the C apolipoproteins was studied before and during maximal lipolysis induced with heparin. Radioiodinated triacylglycerol rich lipoproteins were injected and the specific activity-time curves for C-II, C III1, C-III2 and B proteins were analyzed in triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins and HDL. Heparin infusion caused rapid and proportional transfer of each C apolipoprotein from triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins to HDL. In the two most hyperlipemic men, a substantial fraction (over 90%) of apolipoprotein C mass lost from triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins was not recoverable in HDL, whereas in the normal subject this was less than 15% and intermediate in the other two hypertriglyceridemic men. This indicates a new potential catabolic pathway for C apolipoproteins, direct loss from the circulation during remnant particle removal, which was also evident from B apolipoprotein studies. Furthermore, unlike in the normal subject transfer of C apolipoprotein radioactivity from triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins to HDL was greater than that of mass, also suggesting heterogeneity in C apolipoprotein catabolism. The studies show that C apolipoprotein metabolism may be disturbed in severely hypertriglyceridemic subjects: the lack of conservation of these proteins within HDL may exacerbate the degree of hyperlipoproteinemia. PMID- 7115752 TI - Effects of culture conditions and hyperoxia on antioxidant enzymes in pig pulmonary artery and aortic endothelium. AB - Because hyperoxia induces early injury to lung endothelial cells and since tolerance to hyperoxia is correlated with increased lung antioxidant enzyme activity, we measured superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in both fresh isolates and primary cultures of endothelial cells from pig pulmonary artery and aorta. Cultured endothelial cells were studied at confluency and up to 5 days thereafter under control or hyperoxic conditions. In both types of confluent cell, total and cyanide-insensitive superoxide dismutase increased when compared to fresh cells. The most conspicuous postconfluency change in both types of endothelial cell was a marked decrease in glutathione peroxidase, which could be prevented by the addition of selenomethionine to culture media. A 5-day exposure to hyperoxia resulted in a 2-fold increase in cyanide-insensitive superoxide dismutase in both aortic and pulmonary artery endothelial cells. In view of a similar decrease in DNA in both types of cells despite some differences in enzyme levels, oxygen cytotoxicity could not be related to a particular antioxidant enzyme profile. PMID- 7115751 TI - O-Linked oligosaccharides of human articular cartilage proteoglycan. AB - O-linked oligosaccharides and keratan sulphate chains have been isolated from the proteoglycan subunits of human articular cartilage. The oligosaccharides possessed a size and chemical composition similar to the equivalent moieties present in the proteoglycan subunits of the Swarm rat chondrosarcoma. Furthermore, the size and chemical composition of the oligosaccharides showed little change with the age of the individual from whom the proteoglycan was obtained. In contrast, the keratan sulphate chains appeared to increase in chain length with increased age of the individual. The total number of keratan sulphate and oligosaccharide chains per core protein decreased with age, but it was not clear whether there was any change in the ratio of the two components with respect to one another. PMID- 7115753 TI - Metabolic effects of acetate in perfused rat liver. Studies on ketogenesis, glucose output, lactate uptake and lipogenesis. PMID- 7115754 TI - Newly synthesized secretory proteins from pig pancreas are not released from a homogeneous granule compartment. AB - The pancreatic secretion of anesthetized pigs was collected by cannulation after pulse labeling with [3H]leucine. Collection at 5 min intervals started immediately post-pulse labeling up to 85 min. The volume, the protein content and the trichloroacetic acid-precipitable radioactivity of the juice were measured. The specific radioactivity of the secretory proteins was compared to that of a zymogen granule fraction isolated from the same animal. The latter was very much higher. Caerulein stimulation for 5 min at 80 min post-pulse caused a sharp drop in the specific activity of secretory proteins in the juice, to a level lower than that of the zymogen granule content. These data support the concept of more than one pool of secretory proteins in the pancreas and are incompatible with the concept that secretory proteins derive from an homogeneous granule compartment in a functionally homogeneous population of cells. To explain our results the hypothesis of a second intracellular route for the secretory proteins in proposed. PMID- 7115755 TI - In vivo biosynthesis and turnover of 35S-labeled glomerular basement membrane. AB - Renal glomerular basement membrane was labeled in vivo by the injection of tracer amounts of radioactive sulfate into normal adult rats. The biosynthesis and turnover of [35S]glycosaminoglycans in purified basement membrane was determined from the specific activity of 35S in pronase digests of basement membranes isolated 1-7 days after injection. Peak radioactive labeling occurred 24 h after injection following which the specific activity of basement membrane sulfate, expressed as cpm/microgram uronic acid, progressively declined over the ensuing period of study. The biologic half-life of radioactive sulfate in basement membrane was estimated at about 7 days, which is within the range previously reported for [35S]glycosaminoglycans in whole renal cortex. The findings indicate that 35S-labeled components of glomerular basement membrane have a relatively rapid turnover. PMID- 7115756 TI - Regulation by isoproterenol of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor numbers and sensitivity in rat submandibular, but not lacrimal, glands. PMID- 7115757 TI - Properties of gamma-aminobutyric acid synthesis by rat renal cortex. AB - Substantial synthesis of gamma-aminobutyric acid occurs in rat renal cortex. Renal glutamate decarboxylase activity (24.3 +/- 2.9 (S.E.) nmols/mg protein per h) is 15% of that in brain; renal gamma-aminobutyric acid content (39.5 +/- 5.3 (S.E.) nmols/g wet wt.) is 5% of the whole brain concentration. Properties of glutamate decarboxylase were studied in homogenates of rat renal cortex and rat brain under conditions for which gamma-aminobutyric acid formation from [2,3 3H]glutamate and CO2 release from [1(-14)C]glutamate were equal. Several properties of renal glutamate decarboxylase distinguish it from the corresponding brain enzyme: (1) renal glutamate decarboxylase is selectively inhibited by cysteine sulfinic acid (Ki = 5X10(-5) M); (2) renal glutamate decarboxylase is less sensitive (Ki = 3-5X10(-5) M) to inhibition by aminooxyacetic acid than is the brain enzyme (Ki = 1X10(-6) M); (3) brain but not renal glutamate decarboxylase activity can be substantially stimulated in vitro by the addition of exogenous pyridoxal 5'-phosphate; (4) renal glutamate decarboxylase is significantly decreased in renal cortex from rats on a low-salt diet. Proximal tubules are enriched in glutamate decarboxylase compared to the activity in whole renal cortex or glomeruli (42, 22 and 14 nmols/mg protein per h, respectively). We speculate that renal gamma-aminobutyric acid synthesis does not reflect the presence of GABAergic renal nerves, but may serve a function in proximal tubular cells. PMID- 7115758 TI - Isolation and characterization of a fibrogenic factor from CCl(4)-damaged rat liver. AB - A fibrogenic factor which stimulates collagen production without cell proliferation of rat skin fibroblast cultures was isolated from CCl4-damaged rat liver. (1) The factor was isolated from saline extracts of CCl4-induced fibrotic rat liver and fractionated by Sephadex G-50S gel filtration and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The original extract produced a 6-fold increase in collagen synthesis and the active factor eluted from gel filtration columns in a region corresponding to 5000 daltons. (2) The active factor was destroyed by heat (57 degrees C, 30 min), phospholipase C digestion, but was insensitive to proteolytic enzymes or phospholipase A. Chemical analysis of the partially purified factor revealed relatively high quantities of phosphorus (3%) and low quantities of protein (13.3%), neutral sugar (1.9%) and uronic acid (4.9%). The possibility of this component being a complex phospholipid containing polypeptide is suggested. (3) Fibrogenic properties of the isolated factor was enhanced by apparent oxidation in air, to a more active, yet insoluble complex. Attempts to solubilize the oxidized product completely destroyed its biological activity. PMID- 7115759 TI - Direct quantitative estimation of several iodothyronines in rat bile by radioimmunoassay and basal data on their biliary excretion. AB - A method was developed for the hydrolysis of conjugated iodothyronines in bile with the aid of beta-glucuronidase/arylsulfatase and for subsequent direct estimation of total and free iodothyronines with the aid of specific radioimmunoassay. The amount of conjugated fraction could then be calculated from the difference. Thus, basal biliary excretion of several iodothyronines was measured in 31 normal, fed rats in which the bile duct was drained with polyethylene tubing under pentobarbiturate anesthesia and the bile was collected for 2 h. The free fraction of thyroxine, 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine and 3,3' diiodothyronine was approx. 30% of total content, while that of 3,3',5' triiodothyronine and 3,5-diiodothyronine was approx. 20% and that of 3',5' diiodothyronine was less than 10%. This suggests some considerable differences in the conjugation of individual iodothyronines in the liver. The concentration of T4 in bile was about the same as in plasma, while that of other iodothyronines was about 3-8 times higher than in plasma. This shows close interrelations between the iodothyronine deiodinating pathway in liver cells in vivo and the spectrum of iodothyronine in bile. The average ratio of T3/rT3 as found in bile was about 4. PMID- 7115760 TI - Studies on the methodology of the carboxyfluorescein assay and on the mechanism of liposome stabilization by red blood cells in vitro. AB - The stability of small unilamellar liposomes was investigated in human blood, in vitro. Using the carboxyfluorescein technique, interaction between the dye, the detergent Triton X-100, and an as yet unidentified component of human serum grossly interferes with the experiment and necessitates the use of other detergents, preferably sodium deoxycholate. Separation of liposomes and blood cells by centrifugation induces a small leakage from the liposomes and can lead to an underestimation of the real liposome stability. Upon incubation with whole blood, intact liposomes are adsorbed nonspecifically to erythrocytes and internalized by leukocytes, the extent and kinetics of the former process being insensitive to the presence of metabolic inhibitors. The stability of liposomes is significantly enhanced in whole blood or in serum containing washed erythrocytes. Similarly, liposome stability in serum could be augmented be presaturating the serum lipoproteins with excess phospholipid. Our work adds support to previous notions that stable liposomes with high affinities for certain blood-cell components might be developed as suitable carrier systems for drug targetting in pathological disorders within the blood stream. PMID- 7115761 TI - Procollagen production by rat hepatocytes in primary culture. AB - Hepatocytes were obtained from rat liver and maintained in primary culture for periods up to 14 days. Collagen synthesis was maximal after 3-5 days and declined thereafter. The rate of collagen production was approx. one-tenth that observed by rat skin fibroblasts of the same animals after 3-5 passages. Type I procollagen, the major macromolecular collagenous species, was identified as a 450 000 dalton molecule which was converted to 120 000 dalton, denatured, reduced procollagen chains. Prior pepsin digestion of the native procollagen released 95 000 dalton collagen chains identified as alpha 1(I) and alpha2(I) by co-migration with carrier rat skin type I collagen chains. The production of type III procollagen was also tentatively identified by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. This material was isolated and identified with type-specific antibodies developed against the amino-terminal extension peptide of bovine skin type III procollagen. The relative distribution of type I:type III procollagen was estimated at 7:3 similar to the ratio previously found in whole rat liver. No evidence of type IV or type V procollagen biosynthesis was observed. These results suggest that rat hepatocytes in primary culture are capable of interstitial type I and type III collagen biosynthesis in a ratio similar to that found in their parent hepatic tissue in situ. They also suggest that the less abundant type IV (basement membrane-associated) or type V are not major collagenous products of these cells. PMID- 7115762 TI - A novel method for purification of plasma fibronectin. AB - Plasma fibronectin was purified from a gelatin-affinity chromatography column by elution with glucose. This procedure was effective only if the gelatin was particulate when it was attached to the Sepharose 4B. Glucose could not elute fibronectin from the gelatin if the gelatin was melted before it was attached to the Sepharose 4B. This new purification technique has the advantage of using very mild conditions for the isolation of plasma fibronectin. PMID- 7115763 TI - Cellular origin of prealbumin in the rat. AB - The synthetic rate of prealbumin and albumin in primary monolayer cultures of rat hepatocytes was measured by immunochemical methods. The isolated hepatocytes synthesized these proteins in the same ratio as that previously found for the whole body synthesis in vivo. It is concluded that the hepatocytes synthesize the main part of prealbumin in the rat. PMID- 7115764 TI - Proteoglycan synthesis in chondrocyte cultures from osteoarthrotic and normal human articular cartilage. AB - Chondrocytes derived by outgrowth from normal and osteoarthrotic human femoral head cartilage were grown in high density cultures for five passages. Cultures were analysed for their sulfated macromolecular components in medium, layer matrix and intracellular compartments. Two fractions were obtained: typical proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycan-peptides (Mr approx. 60 000) which might result from an enzymatic degradation of proteoglycans. Proteoglycans from normal and osteoarthrotic cultures exhibited similar biochemical properties (size, protein:uronic acid ratio, glycosaminoglycan composition). Slightly less proteoglycans were aggregated with hyaluronic acid in osteoarthrotic than in normal cultures. Three populations of proteoglycan subunit were obtained under dissociative conditions (Sepharose CL-2B) in both normal and osteoarthrotic cultures: proteoglycan 1 (Kav=0.04), proteoglycan 2 (Kav=0.26) which were aggregated with hyaluronic acid in associative conditions, and proteoglycan 4 (Kav=0.48). A fourth population, proteoglycan 3 (Kav=0.33, Sepharose 2B and CL 2B) was intracellular in osteoarthrotic cultures. After a 4 day incubation period, about 60% more proteoglycans were found in osteoarthrotic than in normal cultures (medium+52%, layer-matrix + 44% and 17 times the normal value inside the cells). Proteoglycan distribution kinetics in the three compartments showed a higher net accumulation of proteoglycans in osteoarthrotic-derived cultures. PMID- 7115765 TI - Purification and characterization of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase from bovine retina. AB - Bovine retinal pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (L-proline: NAD(P)+ 5 oxidoreductase, EC 1.5.1.2) was purified 180-fold from crude extract, using affinity chromatography with 2',5'-ADP Sepharose 4B. The purified enzyme utilized either NADH or NADPH as the coenzyme. The enzyme activity was inhibited with ATP, and activated with potassium and phosphate ions, suggesting that it may be regulated by the energy level and the redox state in the retina. The distribution of this enzyme in bovine lens suggests a developmental trail of the enzyme in the lens. PMID- 7115766 TI - Effects of ATP and cell development on the metabolism of high molecular weight aggregates of abnormal proteins in rabbit reticulocytes and cell-free extracts. AB - Abnormal proteins synthesized in rabbit reticulocytes in response to (i) the lysine analogue aminoethylcysteine and (ii) puromycin, form high molecular weight aggregates prior to degradation. Inhibitors of ATP synthesis partially inhibit catabolism of the aminoethylcysteine-induced abnormal protein; degradation of puromycin peptides synthesized after incubation with 25 micrograms/ml puromycin was not inhibited. Catabolism of the analogue-induced high molecular weight aggregate of abnormal protein in cell-free extracts was markedly stimulated by ATP, whereas proteolysis of the aggregated puromycin-peptides was ATP independent. The ability of the reticulocytes to degrade the puromycin-peptide aggregates was found to decrease with cellular maturity. It is suggested that the energy-dependency for proteolysis is in some way related to the chain length of the abnormal protein synthesized. PMID- 7115767 TI - Glucocorticoids inhibit precursor incorporation into protein in splenic lymphocytes by stimulating protein degradation and expanding intracellular amino acid pools. AB - In the presence of tracer concentrations of extracellular leucine (5 microM), treatment of rat splenic lymphocyte suspensions in vitro with 1 microM dexamethasone for 2.5-4 h caused a 30-35% inhibition of [3H]leucine incorporation into protein. As the extracellular leucine concentration was raised to 5mM, this inhibition was progressively reduced to 0-12%. This phenomenon correlated with a marked dependence on extracellular leucine concentration of the dexamethasone dependent enlargement of free intracellular leucine pools in splenic lymphocytes: a 123% increase in pool size with tracer extracellular leucine; a 10% increase with 5 mM leucine. Varying extracellular leucine had no effect on: (1) nuclear [3H]dexamethasone binding by the cells; (2) the concentration of dexamethasone needed for half-maximal inhibiton of [3H]leucine incorporation; (3) the time course of onset and maximal expression of the hormonal inhibition of [3H]leucine incorporation; or (4) the magnitude of dexamethasone-dependent inhibition of [3H]uridine incorporation into RNA by these cells. There was no detectable effect of dexamethasone on uptake and retention of [3H]leucine by the cells regardless of the extracellular leucine concentration. Treatment of splenic lymphocytes for 4 h in vitro with 1 microM dexamethasone caused a small shift of ribosomes from larger aggregate polysomes to smaller forms. Thus, glucocorticoid-induced inhibition of amino aicd incorporation in splenic lymphocytes is a multicomponent response, of which an actual decrease in protein synthesis is only a small part. Enlargement of free intracellular amino acid pools, probably resulting from increased protein degradation, is the major contributing factor to the hormonal inhibition of amino acid incorporation. PMID- 7115768 TI - A comparison of the in vitro and in vivo activities of conjugates of anti-mouse lymphocyte globulin and abrin. AB - Anti-mouse lymphocyte globulin and normal immunoglobulin have been conjugated to abrin using two procedures, one involving linkage through an amide bond and a piperazine ring and the other the introduction of two amide bonds flanking a disulphide bridge. The four conjugates produced were equipotent as inhibitors of protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocyte lysates. Each antibody-containing conjugate was a more effective inhibitor of protein synthesis in cultured cells than the equivalent normal immunoglobulin-containing conjugate. In addition the conjugates with disulphide linkage groups were ten times more potent than their counterparts. The disulphide conjugates were also twice as toxic to mice in an acute toxicity test but when used to suppress their immune responses to sheep red blood cells it was the non-disulphide-linked conjugates that were superior. In all instances antibody-containing conjugates were more powerful immunosuppressants than those containing normal IgG. The results are taken to indicate a relative lack of stability of the disulphide conjugates in the tissues. PMID- 7115769 TI - Structural studies of the acidic oligosaccharide units from bovine glycophorin. AB - The O-glycosidically-linked carbohydrate units of glycophorin from bovine erythrocyte membrane were released by alkaline borohydride treatment. These oligosaccharides were separated into the neutral fractions and the acidic fractions by ion-exchange chromatography followed by gel filtration. The two acidic fractions (fractions 10 and 13) which have the smallest molecular weight in acidic oligosaccharides, were further purified by gel filtration on Bio-Gel P 4 column. Two acidic oligosaccharides (fractions 10-I and 10-II), heptasaccharides, were separated by gel filtration on a Bio-Gel P-4 column from fraction 10. These structures were determined by methylation analyses, nitrous acid deamination after hydrazinolysis and Smith degradation after desialylation. In addition, the structures were also analyzed by direct-probe mass spectrometry of the permethylated derivatives before and after desialylation. These studies indicated that one of them (fraction 10-I) was NeuNGc alpha(2 leads to 3)Gal beta(1 leads to 4)GlcNac beta(1 leads to 3)Gal beta(1 leads to 4)GlcNAc beta (1 leads to 3)Gal beta(1 leads to 3)GalNAcol and another heptasaccharide (fraction 10-II) was Gal beta (1 leads to 4)GlcNAc beta (1 leads to 3)Gal beta (1 leads to 3)[NeuNGc alpha(2 leads to 3)Gal beta(1 leads to 4)GLcNAc beta(1 leads to 6)]GalNAcol. Although another acidic fraction (fraction 13, was obtained as a single peak on a Bio-Gel P-4 column, it appeared to be the mixture of a heptasaccharide, NeuNGc alpha(2 leads to 3)Gal beta(1 leads to 4)GlcNAc beta(1 leads to 3 or 6)[Gal beta (1 leads to 4)GLcNAc beta (1 leads to 6 or 3)]Gal beta (1 leads to 3)GalNAcol and an oligosaccharide similar to fraction 10-II, by analysis of two products obtained by Smith degradation after desialylation. PMID- 7115770 TI - Influence of collagen denaturation on the chemorheological properties of skin, assessed by differential scanning calorimetry and hydrothermal isometric tension measurement. AB - The curves obtained for skin samples of different ages and species by hydrothermal isometric tension ("HIT") measurement are compared to those obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) under the same thermal conditions (for a rise in temperature at a rate of 1.0 degrees C/min). Collagen denaturation, observed by DSC, directly affects the kinetics of the tension variations in the first part of the "HIT" curves, including the early peak due to the presence and destruction of the heat-labile cross-links in the collagen network. The presence of cross-links is in term shown to delay collagen denaturation to an extent which depends in part on their heat-stability. The final part of the "HIT" curves reflecting the effects of heat in the stable polymeric collagen network is no longer affected by collagen denaturation. Thus, both "HIT" and DSC are useful methods to evaluate collagen reticulation in connective tissues. PMID- 7115771 TI - Studies on the role of protein synthesis and of sodium on the regulation of ornithine decarboxylase activity. AB - The minimum requirements for eliciting or enhancing ornithine decarboxylase activity (EC. 4.1.1.17); L-ornithine carboxylase) in neuroblastoma cells incubated in salts-glucose solutions have been investigated. These incubation conditions permit the study of changes in ornithine decarboxylase activity independently of the growth-associated reactions that occur in cell culture media (Chen, K.Y. and Canellakis, E.S. (1977) Proc. Natl, Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74, 3791 3795). Ornithine decarboxylase activity can be elicited by a variety of asparagine and other amino acid analogs, including alpha-aminoisobutyric acid, that cannot participate in protein synthesis. Of the eleven asparagine analogs tested, alpha-N-CH3-DL-asparagine is the most potent in eliciting ornithine decarboxylase activity and is equivalent to asparagine in this regard. Inclusion of polar groups into the asparagine molecule results in the loss of its ability to elicit ornithine decarboxylase activity. With the use of these analogs and of analogs of other amino acids it is shown that the rapid fall in ornithine decarboxylase activity that is noted following cycloheximide treatment may not be a consequence of the inhibition of protein synthesis. The rapid fall in ornithine decarboxylase activity is primarily due to the removal of the agent that elicits and stabilizes its activity. These results, the finding that alpha aminoisobutyric acid stimulates ornithine decarboxylase activity and that sodium is required for the stimulation of ornithine decarboxylase activity are discussed in relation to the "A" amino acid transport system. PMID- 7115772 TI - Relationship of amino acid composition and molecular weight of antifreeze glycopeptides to non-colligative freezing point depression. AB - Many polar fishes synthesize a group of eight glycopeptides that exhibit a non colligative lowering of the freezing point of water. These glycopeptides range in molecular weight between 2600 and 33 700. The largest glycopeptides [1-5] lower the freezing point more than the small ones on a weight basis and contain only two amino acids, alanine and threonine, with the disaccharide galactose-N-acetyl galactosamine attached to threonine. The small glycopeptides, 6, 7, and 8, also lower the freezing point and contain proline, which periodically substitutes for alanine. Glycopeptides with similar antifreeze properties isolated from the saffron cod and the Atlantic tomcod contain an additional amino acid, arginine, which substitutes for threonine in glycopeptide 6. In this study we address the question of whether differences in amino acid composition or molecular weight between large and small glycopeptides are responsible for the reduced freezing point depressing capability of the low molecular weight glycopeptides. The results indicate that the degree of amino acid substitutions that occur in glycopeptides 6-8 do not have a significant effect on the unusual freezing point lowering and that the observed decrease in freezing point depression with smaller glycopeptides can be accounted for on the basis of molecular weight. PMID- 7115773 TI - Purification and properties of pyruvate kinase type M2 from rat lung. AB - (1) Pyruvate kinase type M2 from rat lung has been purified 840-fold with an overall yield of 20%. The enzyme gave a single band upon SDS-electrophoresis and isoelectrofocusing and had a specific activity of 1340 U/mg protein. The homotetramer of Mr = 224000 and an isoelectric point of pH 5.8 had an amino acid composition closely resembling that of other pyruvate kinase isoenzymes type M2, except that of the chicken liver. The enzyme was crystallized. (2) The enzyme has its pH optimum at pH 6.5. The K0.5 value for phosphoenolpyruvate is 0.26 mM (nH = 1.81) which decreases in the presence of 0.2 mM fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to 0.056 mM (nH = 1.06). 1 microM fructose 1,6-bisphosphate activates the enzyme at 0.1 mM phosphoenolpyruvate half-maximally. The Km value for ADP at 1 mM phosphoenolpyruvate is 0.4 mM. The Km value for other nucleoside diphosphates increases in the order ADP less than GDP less than IDP less than UDP. (3) No evidence for an interconversion of pyruvate kinase type M2 from rat or chicken lung was found. The enzyme was neither a substrate for the cAMP-dependent protein kinase from rabbit muscle nor for the cAMP-independent protein kinase from chicken liver. Since pyruvate kinase type M2 from chicken liver is inactivated by phosphorylation catalyzed by a cAMP-independent protein kinase (Eigenbrodt, E., Abdel-Fattah Mostafa, M. and Schoner, W. (1977) Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem. 358, 1047-1055) we suggest that the interconvertible form of pyruvate kinase type M2 may represent a separate form of the pyruvate kinase type M2 family. PMID- 7115774 TI - Effects of L-alanine on ketogenesis in vitro. AB - Alanine (5 mM) increased 14CO2 production from [1-14C]oleate by 130% and from [1 14C]butyrate by 101%. Alanine inhibited ketone-body production by 37.5% in the presence of butyrate but did not affect ketogenesis in the presence of oleate. Alanine decreased the [3-hydroxybutyrate]/[acetoacetate] ratio when either butyrate or oleate was present. The results are discussed with reference to the hypoketonaemic action of alanine in vivo. PMID- 7115775 TI - A 31P-NMR study of structural and functional aspects of phosphate and phosphonate distribution in Tetrahymena. AB - 31P-NMR has been used to study the chemical nature of cytoplasmic components of live Tetrahymena in a non-invasive manner. The technique has further been used to characterized the physical behaviour of lipids extracted from this organism. In particular, we have shown the presence of large quantities of pyrophosphate and of tripolyphosphate in acid extracts of the organism. These are not detectable in the live cells due to the motionally rigid nature of the storage granules. We have characterized the distribution of phosphonic acids in the organism and followed the phase behavior of the extracted cell lipids. Aqueous dispersions of extracted lipid show both bilayer and non-bilayer behaviour in the range of the growth temperature. The phosphonolipid in Tetrahymena appears to play a role similar to that of phosphatidylethanolamine in regulating the phase behaviour of the membrane. The high degree of unsaturation in the fatty acids of Tetrahymena is most likely responsible for the polymorphic phase behaviour observed near the growth temperature. PMID- 7115776 TI - Terbium fluorescence characteristics of cultured neurons using ultraviolet microspectrofluorometry. AB - The fluorescence emission intensity of terbium is enhanced upon the binding of Tb3+ to cultured mouse spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion neurons, via nonradiative resonant energy transfer from membrane proteins. The relative fluorescence intensities of Tb3+ bound to dorsal root ganglion neurons were considerably greater than that of Tb3+ bound to large multipolar spinal cord neurons. The cell bodies of the dorsal root ganglion neurons were completely covered in a dense fluorescent blanket, where as the fluorescence from the spinal cord soma presented a discontinuous pattern. The neurites of the spinal cord neuron were speckled with bright patches of Tb3+ fluorescence. A high concentration of Ca2+ reduced the relative fluorescence intensity of the Tb3+ neuron complex. It is suggested that Tb3+ binds to Ca2+-binding sites on the surface membrane of neurons. PMID- 7115777 TI - Vanadium-containing tunicate blood cells are not highly acidic. AB - The intracellular pH of intact blood cells of the tunicate Ascidia nigra was measured by transmembrane equilibration of [14C] methylamine. The pH of unfractionated blood cells is 7.39 +/- 1.10. The pH of vanadocytes, determined in a fractionation study, is 7.2. Previously used methods, in which pH values less than 3.0 are inferred from cell lysis or vital staining experiments, are shown to be unsuitable for intracellular pH determination due to the chemical composition of these vanadium-containing cells. PMID- 7115778 TI - Receptors for a cytotoxic lectin, abrin and their role in cell intoxication. AB - The nature of binding of abrin to Chinese hamster ovary cells was examined in relation to the ensuing intoxication of the treated cells. Approx. 20% of [125I] abrin bound to CHO cells at 37 degree C was found to be resistant to the addition or presence of 0.1 M lactose. The extent of lactose-resistant binding depended inversely upon the temperature of incubation. Among various proteins, lectins and sugars, only non-labeled abrin could strongly inhibit the lactose-resistant binding of [125I] abrin. Lactose-resistant binding could lead to an inhibition of cellular protein synthesis and to a loss of cell viability. Abrin molecules bound at the lactose-sensitive and lactose-resistant binding sites apparently have an equal probability of being internalized by CHO cells. Binding of approx. 3.10(3) abrin molecules per CHO cell was required to elicit 50% loss of cell viability regardless of whether the binding occurs in the presence or absence of lactose. The result of a cross-linking experiment suggested that a membrane protein with an Mr of about 45 000 may be responsible for the lactose-resistant binding of abrin. PMID- 7115779 TI - The differential effects of the carcinogen dimethylnitrosamine on isocitrate and 6-phosphogluconate metabolism in single intact cells. AB - A microspectrofluorimetric study is made of the influence of dimethylnitrosamine on NADP reduction, following sequential microinjections into the same L cell, of two substrates: (1) isocitrate, with activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase both in the extramitochondrial and intramitochondrial compartments, (2) 6 phosphogluconate, with activity of the dehydrogenase in the extramitochondrial compartment. In control L cells a two-step reduction of NAD(P) is obtained followed by relatively slow reoxidation. In the minutes which follow addition of carcinogen, e.g., dimethylnitrosamine, to the cell medium the isocitrate and 6 phosphogluconate-induced transient NADP reoxidation is decreased in magnitude compared to control, while the rate constant of NADPH reoxidation is considerably accelerated, possibly due to requirements at the level of the microsomal metabolizing system. Observation within the first hour of carcinogen addition suggest an interesting system for evaluating the immediate actions of carcinogens at extranuclear sites: i.e., a comparative study of NADP reduction-reoxidation rate constants via injection of substrates for extra- vs. intramitochondrial pathways. PMID- 7115780 TI - [synthetic vaccines, today's hope, tomorrow's reality?]. PMID- 7115781 TI - Myosin isoenzymes in adult rat skeletal muscles. AB - The myosin isoenzymic content of several adult rat muscles has been analyzed by electrophoresis under non-dissociating conditions. Fast-twitch fibres, whether of the oxidative type, such as the red masseter, or of the glycolytic type, such as the white tensor fasciae latae, are all shown to contain three isomyosins with respective mobilities identical in both types of muscles. These three isoenzymes, which, as in the case of myosins from avian fast muscles, represent alkali light chain hetero-and homodimers with similar large subunits, occur in somewhat variable relative proportions depending on the muscle. No obvious correlation was established between the type of the fast fibres--either oxidative or glycolytic- and the type of the myosins. Besides the three fast isoenzymes, other muscles, such as the predominantly fast latissimus dorsi and the mixed diaphragm, are shown to contain one myosin species of lower electrophoretic mobility; this supplementary isoenzyme comigrates with the major component of the predominantly slow-twich soleus muscle, but differs from the avian slow-tonic isoform. Ca2+ ATPase determinations on gel indicate that the fast isomyosins all display similar activity, which is five to ten times higher, depending on the experimental conditions of the assay, than the activity shown by the slow isoenzymes. Altogether, at least five isoenzymes, corresponding to one "slow twich", one "slow-tonic", and three "fast-twitch" myosin species, were detected in rat skeletal muscles.U PMID- 7115783 TI - Variations in some molecular events during the early phases of the Reuber H35 hepatoma cell cycle. III. Role of protein synthesis in the initiation of DNA synthesis and the mechanism of stimulation of protein synthesis by serum. AB - Induction of DNA synthesis by serum and amino acids has been investigated in cultured Reuber H35 hepatoma cells. Commitment of DNA synthesis was found to occur 6-8 hours before the actual start of this synthesis. The rate of initiation of DNA synthesis is proportional to the stimulation of protein synthesis by serum and/or amino acids. The increased protein synthesis is important for the proliferation only during the early period after serum addition. The withdrawal of serum and the inhibition by cycloheximide confirm this finding. Actinomycin D hardly influenced the early effect of serum on protein synthesis and it is concluded that the serum-stimulated protein synthesis is carried out on pre existing mRNA's. The mechanism of stimulation of protein synthesis by serum has been studied by determination of the polyribosome size, the number of growing polypeptide chains, and the ribosomal transit time. The rate of the initiation of translation has been found to be specifically enhanced while the rate of elongation remained unchanged. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis showed that the early stimulation of protein synthesis by serum involves all types of major cellular proteins, and no new proteins could be detected. PMID- 7115782 TI - The apoprotein of the major rat brain myelin P7 proteolipid: alignment of the BNPS-skatole fragments and present state of the sequence. PMID- 7115784 TI - Fluorescence anisotropy decay of ethidium bromide bound to nucleosomal core particles. AB - We have measured the fluorescence anisotropy decay of ethidium bromide bound to nucleosomal core particles (145 DNA base pairs) for very small values of the binding ratio (0.0005 less than or equal to r less than or equal to 0.01). For r = 0.0005 the anisotropy decay could be described by a sum of two exponential functions. The two correlation times theta 1 and theta 2 increase with r until r congruent to 0.0025 and then decrease while the apparent fundamental anisotropy A'0 decreases until r congruent to 0.0025 and then remains constant. The anisotropy decay parameters of the first ethidium molecule bound to a core particle have been obtained by extrapolating theta 1, theta 2 and A'0 to r = 0. We propose the following interpretation of these results. The first bound ethidium molecule is located on a DNA segment linked by its two ends to the histone core. This ethidium molecule follows the torsional motion of the DNA segment. The length of this segment (15 base pairs) was determined by fitting a mathematical expression, derived from the torsional dynamics of DNA, to the extrapolated anisotropy decay. The second ethidium molecule binds to the same DNA segment which explains the decrease of A'0 by fast excitation energy transfer. At the same time theta 1 and theta 2 increase. On binding, a third ethidium molecule breaks the links between the DNA segment and the histone core. This entails the decrease of theta 1 and theta 2. PMID- 7115785 TI - NAD(P) adducts as protective agents against glutamate dehydrogenase inactivation by pyridoxal 5'-phosphate: a tool for the study of oxidized coenzyme activated state in enzymatic evolutive and abortive complexes. AB - Glutamate dehydrogenase is reversibly inhibited by the reaction of 1 mole of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate per mole of subunit of the enzyme polypeptide chain. We have shown that NAD(P) adducts as well as NMNH protect the glutamate dehydrogense against this reversible inactivation in the same way as reduced coenzymes. These data lead to the conclusion that it is the 1,4-dihydronicotinamide structure that is responsible for protecting the enzyme. NAD+ and NMN+ do not protect the enzyme, but in the presence of the oxidized substrate NAD+ became a good protecting agent whereas NMN+ remained ineffective. To explain the protection exerted by NAD+ in the presence of oxidized substrate, a transient activated form of the oxidized coenzyme with a 1,4-dihydronicotinamide structure and a positive charge on the C-4 atom is postulated. PMID- 7115786 TI - Methylation of proteins of the nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles in liver and kidney of rats injected with actinomycin D. PMID- 7115788 TI - Metastable equilibrium with random local fluctuations: simulations of dynamic receptor pattern generation in a fluid mosaic membrane. AB - The generation of receptors in the animal cell's membrane was simulated by a model consisting of units in four possible states within a hexagonal area (playboard) of n units of a triangular network. The state of each unit was determined by the previous state of itself and of its six nearest neighbours, as regulated by a set of transition rules, which kept the mean relative frequency (m.r.f.) of each state constant. The transition rules were applied to the system exactly n times, regardless whether this involved selection of a unit on 0, 1, 2 or more occasions (programme "random selection with repeat"; RS-R). Comparison to previous results obtained by other ways of application of the rules has shown that the RS-R programme accounted for the highest m.r.f. of quiet (Q) units and Q clusters (sub-patterns), and also for the longest survival of Q configurations through several generations. Functioning of the model under the RS-R programme simulates an integrated system in metastable equilibrium with random local fluctuations, such as the cytoplasmic membrane is imagined to be in standardized environmental conditions. The formation-persistence-disintegration cycle of the sub-patterns is believed to simulate the dynamic generation of transitory receptor configurations in the cell membrane. PMID- 7115787 TI - Adaptation in auditory-nerve fibers: a revised model. AB - Adaptation of firing rates in auditory-nerve fibers appears to reflect two distinct processes. Rapid adaptation occupies the first few milliseconds of response and is superimposed upon short-term adaptation which has a time constant of about 40 ms. The properties of the two processes are reviewed and compared, and a phenomenological model is developed that successfully accounts for them. The model consists of several stages which have been tentatively associated with underlying physiological processes. In the first stage stimulus intensity is transformed by a static nonlinearity, followed by a low-pass filter. The filtered output may correspond to the hair-cell receptor potential. It modulates the release of a substance that possibly represents synaptic transmitter. Adaptation is produced by the depletion of transmitter which is located in three stores in cascade. A global store with fixed concentration controls the steady-state response and replenishes a local store which is responsible for short-term adaptation. The local store replenishes a rapidly depleted immediate store. Flow between stores is proportional to concentration gradients with the following exceptions. The immediate store is subdivided into independent volumes or sites and there is no flow among sites or back to the local store. A given site becomes activated only when the receptor potential exceeds its particular activation value and the number of activated sites is proportional to the receptor potential. The flow of transmitter from the immediate store is assumed to be proportional to neural firing rate, with some minor modifications described in the text. The properties of the model are determined from the underlying equations and from a computer simulation. The model produces realistic response properties including PST histograms, onset and steady-state rate-intensity functions, incremental and decremental responses, response modulation for amplitude modulated stimuli, and period histograms for low-frequency tones. PMID- 7115789 TI - Simulation of post-tetanic potentiation and fatigue in muscle using a visco elastic model. AB - Post-tetanic potentiation (PTP) in single motor units was simulated using a simple visco-elastic model. Single isometric twitches and unfused tetani were obtained using a wide range of physiological input rates. Values of model parameters were chosen to simulate contraction times close to those of fast and slow muscle fibers. PTP has been attributed either to i) an augmented plateau level of active state or ii) an increase in time constant of active state decay. Our results show that a prolonged decay time of active state can account for most of the experimental data obtained in amphibian and mammalian preparations. In particular, potentiation is more marked in unfused tetani than in single twitches. Moreover the model accounts for PTP even in the case of a reduction of active state plateau due to fatigue. PMID- 7115790 TI - Optimal association with partly missing key vectors. AB - A new association scheme which can still recall appropriate data when some key elements are missing (blank) is presented. The traditional associative memory models are designed to deal with complete (memorized) keys, but in the real world, key elements are often missing due to error, equipment failure, observation difficulty, etc. The traditional models, in this case, can not have an optimal association except for special cases. When an incomplete key containing blanks is given, we wish to get the same data, as nearly as possible, as would be obtained with the complete key. In this paper, the optimal associative memory model which operates with partly missing keys is proposed. The model is constructed on the basis of the theory of the pseudoinverse of matrices. Even from the incomplete keys which contain a large percentage of blanks, the model recalls the appropriate data optimally under the MSE criterion. From the results of computer simulations, we can show that the model has the expected ability. PMID- 7115791 TI - A linear stochastic model of the single motor unit. AB - The production of force and of the electrical signal by an active motor unit is theoretically described. Neural spikes are modelled using the Dirac delta function. Mechanisms for the generation of random impulse trains and the properties of the corresponding stochastic processes are discussed; the "renewal" model is proposed as the most appropriate. The possibility of using a linear model for the systems that produce force and electrical signal in the unit is examined. It is concluded that the linear assumption is justifiable during steady, constant-strength contractions of muscle. This linear stochastic model of the motor unit is used in two subsequent papers to study the muscle force and the electromyogram. PMID- 7115792 TI - A study of the muscle force waveform using a population stochastic model of skeletal muscle. AB - A population stochastic model based on the differing properties and the independent activation of motor units is used to describe the production of force in the contracting skeletal muscle. Detailed force predictions of the model concerning a hand muscle are obtained by computer simulation. General features of the force signal are established analytically on the basis of the general properties of the neuromuscular system which the population model takes into account. The results show that the asynchronous activity of motor units and the distribution of their filtering and firing properties at various levels of muscle contraction are responsible, at least partially, for the main features of the muscle force waveform, including tremor. PMID- 7115794 TI - Visibility of movement gradients. AB - We report on the sensitivity of human observers with respect to the detection of transients in otherwise uniformly moving two-dimensional random-dot patterns. The target field is divided into two halfs that each contains a moving random-dot pattern. The patterns in the two halffields are mutually uncorrelated. Parameters are the average velocity and the difference-velocity for the two halfs. These velocities are both vectors that can be varied in magnitude and in their direction with respect to the border of the two halffields. In order to quantify the sensitivity of the visual system to such patterns, we added (linear addition) spatio-temporal white noise ("snow") to the pattern. Then the sensitivity is quantified by way of the threshold signal-to-noise ratio necessary to discriminate the composite pattern from a single smoothly uniformly moving pattern. The signal-to-noise ratio specifies the square of the ratio between the signal r.m.s. contrast and the r.m.s. contrast of the masking stimulus (spatio temporal white noise or "snow"). The r.m.s. contrast of the complex pattern (signal and noise) is kept invariant. We find that the detection performance is independent of the direction of either the average of difference-velocity with respect to the border, and can be completely described in terms of a minimum requirement for the magnitude of the difference-velocity. The magnitude of the difference-velocity must exceed the magnitude of the average velocity in order to lead to a perceivable transient. In this formulation the Weberlaw for the detection of velocity transients in uniformly moving noise patterns is applicable to both differences in magnitude and direction of the velocities. PMID- 7115793 TI - Multiplication noise in the human visual system at threshold. 3. The role of non Poisson quantum fluctuations. AB - Several kinds of light used in vision experiments produce photon statistics that are distinctly non-Poisson. Representative examples are light from a cathode-ray tube and an image-intensifier device. For the class of vision experiments in which the photon statistics play an important role, excess fluctuations produced by such light sources can alter the observed results and obscure the visual mechanisms being studied. They must therefore be accounted for in a proper way. We use the results of a Hecht-Shlaer-Pirenne type experiment, carried out with modulated Poisson light, to illustrate the point. Sensitivity and modulation depth, as well as sensitivity and reliability, are shown to be traded against each other. Finally, we demonstrate that number-state light, which is comprised of photons of an ideal kind, provides the ultimate tool for extracting information about the intrinsic noise distribution in the visual system at threshold. The state of the art in producing such light is discussed. PMID- 7115795 TI - Calculating psychoacoustic parameters of amplitude modulated narrow noise bands. AB - A simple model is suggested enabling the comprehensive calculation of pschoacoustic parameters (absolute modulation thresholds, modulation difference limens, and the subjective magnitude of supraliminal modulation differences) for amplitude modulated narrow noise bands. A comparison of experimental and model data reveals good agreement. PMID- 7115796 TI - A neural model of the interaction of tectal columns in prey-catching behavior. AB - Building on a simple model of a tectal column as the unit of processing in the amphibian tectum, we conduct a computer analysis of the interaction of a linear array of such columns. The model suggests that the inhibitory and excitatory activity in the tectum may have three functions: 1) spatio-temporal facilitation of column activity to a moving stimulus; 2) preference for the head of the stimulus, probably to avoid possible defensive reactions of the prey; and 3) modulating the state of excitation of the column once it has produced a response. The model also shows that the spatio-temporal effects of excitation and inhibition increases the acuity of the animal to the direction of the prey, through processes similar to lateral inhibition. PMID- 7115797 TI - Temporal pattern sensitive and nonsensitive responses in the cat's retinal ganglion cells. AB - In order to characterize temporal pattern sensitivity in the cat ganglion cells, a new analysis technique by semi-Markov models which was developed in the previous papers (Tsukada et al., 1975-1977) was applied to input-output relations of the receptive-field. Three types of statistical spot stimuli positioned in the center region of receptive fields were used. Each type of stimulus has an identical histogram in the inter-stimulus intervals and therefore the same mean and variance, but different correlations between adjacent inter-stimulus intervals (Type 1, positive; Type 2, negative; and Type 3, independent processes). From the output spike trains of cat retinal ganglion cells to each stimulus, mean, variance, and histogram were computed. As the result of investigating these data, we could draw the following conclusion from the resultant output interval histograms. The receptive-field-center responses of cat ganglion cells can be classified into two groups (Types L and N) according to the difference of responsiveness to the three types of statistical spot stimuli. A Type L response has the same histogram in interspike intervals for all three stimuli, and is not sensitive to the temporal pattern, while a Type N response has three different forms depending on each type of stimulus showing high sensitivity to the temporal pattern. These results were also simulated by the Markov chain model and discussed with relation to neural coding and classification of ganglion cell types. PMID- 7115798 TI - A reinvestigation of the Geman-Miller respiratory oscillator model. AB - The model of Geman-Miller of the respiratory oscillator is reinvestigated for its interpretation of the parameters: W and T. It was found that the interpretation of Geman-Miller, that the parameters T and W represent the chemosensitive feedback, is incorrect. The extension to the model made by Engeman and Swanson is not necessary to produce afterdischarge. It is demonstrated that the afterdischarge can be predicted in the original Geman-Miller model from the Jacobian Matrix. PMID- 7115800 TI - [Involvement of polar lipids in polyenoic fatty acid formation in greening wheat seedlings]. AB - After the dark incorporation of [1-14C]acetate into etiolated wheat seedlings the bulk of the labelled fatty acids was found in the neutral lipids of mitochondria and microsomes; the incorporation into etioplast fatty acids was considerably smaller. The saturated fatty acids, namely palmitic and stearic ones, were predominantly synthesized in the dark; the incorporation of the label into the polyenoic fatty acids was not detected. Upon continuous illumination the radioactivity of fatty acids was increased, firstly in the phospholipids and then in the galactolipids. The illumination caused desaturation of oleic acid to linoleic and linolenic acids. The formation of linoleate was associated with microsomal phosphatidylcholine, and that of linolenate--with plastidal galactosyldiacylglycerol. The kinetics of the label incorporation into the unsaturated fatty acids is consistent with the concept that microsomal phosphatidylcholine can act as a linoleate donor for its further desaturation within the composition of chloroplast galactolipids. Galabiosyldiacylglycerol differs from galactosyldiacylglycerol by a lower content of [14C]linolenic acid and unsaturated 14C--fatty acids of the hexadecanoate type. The specific localization of [14C] linolenate in galactosyldiacylglycerol suggests that either lynoleoyl-CoA (with the further acyl transfer on galactosylmonoacylglycerol) or linoleate-containing molecular species of galactosyldiacylglycerol can be true substrates fo linoleate delta 15-desaturase. A scheme for the proposed subcellular localization of dark- and light-induced paths of free and complex lipid-bound fatty acids synthesis is presented. PMID- 7115799 TI - Reconstruction of cone-system contributions to responses of colour-opponent neurones in monkey lateral geniculate. AB - Responses of colour-opponent X-cells to intensity-modulation at various wavelengths were obtained in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the anaesthetized (N2O/O2) rhesus monkey. The gaussian white noise (GWN) analysis method was used to describe the stimulus-response relationship. Two different methods were used to estimate sign and relative strength of the response contribution of each of the three known cone systems as a function of time. Both methods revealed that, in contrast to the well-known variability in gain and sign, the time course of the cone-type contributions was remarkably stereotyped in all cells. Surround-mediated cone-type contributions appeared to have a consistently longer delay than centre-mediated inputs. Response contributions from different types of cone appeared to add linearly in LGN neurones. Apart from rectification, it was possible to predict the response of the same neurone to step-modulation of intensity at various wavelengths successfully with the first order Wiener kernel. This demonstrates that the cells behaved linearly under our stimulus conditions, which justifies the use of the first-order kernel as a means to characterize the system we wished to study. PMID- 7115801 TI - [Effect of bivalent copper ions on the catalytic properties of bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase]. AB - The effects of bivalent copper ions on the activity of bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase (L-glutamate NAD (P) oxidoreductase, EC 1.4.1.3) were studied. Cu2+ effectively interacts with the enzyme; this interaction is accompanied by a loss of the enzyme activity in the reaction of reductive amination of alpha ketoglutarate. The data obtained are indicative of a similar type of the enzyme inhibition by GTP and copper ions. PMID- 7115802 TI - [Multiple molecular forms of "malic" enzyme from zea mays leaves]. AB - Using 7.5% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, a heterogeneity of molecular forms of "malic" enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40) in corn leaves was established. Etyolated corn sprouts contain only one component of the enzyme, while in the green leaves 3 minor components were additionally found. A possible existence of the "malic" enzyme in two forms, a compact and a dissociating ones, is postulated. In comparison with the compact form the dissociating form of the enzyme is more active and possesses additional functional properties due to the presence of minor components. PMID- 7115804 TI - [Uracil-DNA-glycosylase in the rat: correlation between the enzyme activity and rate of DNA synthesis in different tissues]. AB - Uracil-DNA-glycosylase which releases uracil residues from DNA has been purified from rat liver more than 300-fold. The enzyme has a molecular weight of about 28,0000, Km = 1.7 . 10(-9) M. The content of uracil-DNA-glycosylase in five different tissues of the rat is correlated with the rate of DNA synthesis in the tissues. The enzyme activity in rat liver increases more than 3 times after partial hepatectomy, showing a peak 28-32 hrs following the surgery. The results obtained suggest that uracil-DNA-glycosylase from mammalian cells releases uracil residues from DNA at time intervals close to those of replication. PMID- 7115803 TI - [Factors of avian erythrocyte fusion: changes in the state of plasma membrane induced by dimethylsulfoxide and temperature]. AB - Chicken erythrocytes cooled down to +2 degrees were incubated with 39% dimethysulfoxide (Me2SO) at 37 degrees, eventually resulting in a hemoglobin release. Incubation of erythrocytes with Me2SO at +2 degrees was also accompanied by hemoglobin release; the effect of Me2SO under these conditions was enhanced by Ca2+. Hypertonic concentrations of NaCl and sucrose suppressed this effect upon erythrocyte cooling. At the same time in the absence of Me2SO the level of cold hemolysis of erythrocytes increased as the tonicity of the medium rose. In this case low concentrations of Me2SO (8-15%) exerted a protective effect. The mechanisms of action of Me2SO and temperature on the structure of erythrocyte membrane are discussed. PMID- 7115805 TI - [Early changes in template DNA structure following glucocorticoid injection]. AB - The structure of chromatin is changed at early stages of glucocorticoid hormone interaction with rat hepatocytes. These changes consist in: a) increase of actidine orange binding in rate liver nuclei after injection of the hormone; b) decrease of the number of sites in chromatin which are sensitive to nuclease S1; c) inhibition of the nuclei capacity for DNA synthesis in the presence of E. coli DNA polymerase and d) increase of molecular weight of DNA fragments. The data obtained suggest that at early stages of hormonal induction part of template DNA ruptures is reconstituted, which can result in an increase of DNA molecular weights and changes in chromatin superstructure and the template properties of the protein. PMID- 7115806 TI - [Biosynthesis of 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine in yeast extracts of Pichia guilliermondii]. AB - The effects of some hexoses, pentoses, their phosphoric esters, ribitol and pyruvate on the synthesis of 6.7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine in extracts of prototrophic strain and riboflavin-deficient mutants of the yeast Pichia guilliermondii ATCC 9058 were studied. Incubation of dialyzed cell extracts of the mutant strain RG123 (rib7, his-) with blocked riboflavin syntase in the presence of 2.5-diamino-6-hydroxy-4-ribosylaminopyrimidine-5'-phosphate, NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate results in production of 6.7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine. In similar experiments with cell extracts of the prototrophic strain 6.7-dimethyl 8-ribityllumazine and riboflavin were formed. Consequently all the reactions of vitamin B2 biosynthesis occurred under these conditions. Glucose 6-phosphate and fluctose 6-phosphate weakly activated the biosynthesis of 6.7-dimethyl-8 ribityllumazine, while ribose, ribitol, fructose, glucose and pyruvate had no effect on this process. When cell extracts of mutant strains of genotypes rib5 and rib6 with a blocked enzyme(s) of the fourth step of flavinogenesis were incubated in the presence of ribose 5-phosphate no 6.7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine formation took place. It is concluded than in the P. guilliermondii yeast ribose 5-phosphate or its metabolite can donate carbon atoms for 6.7-dimethyl-8 ribityllumazine biosynthesis from its pyrimidine precursor. PMID- 7115807 TI - [Membrane-active inhibitors of electron transport in chloroplasts]. AB - The effects of polyene antibiotic amphotericin B and the organophosphorus insecticide chlorophos (trichlorofon) on the electron transport in isolated pea chloroplasts were compared; both compounds were found to inhibit the electron transport. The concentration dependence of the inhibitory effects on the photoreactions in chloroplasts was established. Affer washing of the chloroplasts from amphotericin B admixtures the photoreduction of NADP+ was decreased by 50%, the photooxidation of cytochrome f in situ was affected comparatively little, while the photoreduction of plastocyanin in situ was decreased by 60%. The supernatant after amphotericin B washing contained plastocyanin. An addition of chlorophos to the medium caused a 70% inhibition of NADP+ photoreduction and a 40% inhibition of cytochrome f photooxidation and of plastocyanin photoreduction. It was assumed that the active site of amphotericin B lies in the plastocyanin region, that of chlorophos--at the site of NADP+ photoreduction in photosystem I. Experiments with isolated pea plastocyanin and ferredoxin and cytochrome C553 of Chlorella demonstrated that neither of the inhibitors interacts with the prosthetic groups or with he protein part of these electron carriers. Presumably the mechanism of action of amphotericin B and chlorophos on the photosynthetic electron transport consists in a destruction of chloroplast membrane structures. Using membrane-active inhibitors, the alternative pathways of electron transfer through cytochrome f and plastocyanin were established. PMID- 7115808 TI - [Characterization of endogenous phosphorylation substrates of sarcoplasmic reticulum fragments from fast skeletal muscles of the rabbit]. AB - Separation of phosphorylated sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) fragments by polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis in the presence of Na-DS revealed that the radioactivity is distributed in protein zones with molecular weights of 95,000 and 6000-8000. The phosphorylation of the protein with m. w. of 95,000 is Ca2+-dependent. The tryptic hydrolysis of the phosphorylated SR fragments from fast skeletal muscles results in a loss of radioactivity by 60-70%; phospholipase C from Clostridium welchii reduces the labelled phosphate content by 40-50%. The cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor decreases the phosphorylation of both substrates. The substrate of phosphorylation with m. w. of 6000-8000 is not stained with Amidoschwartz 10B or Coumassie brilliant blue. Extraction by an acidified chlorophorm--methanol mixture results in a proteolipid with specific radioactivity exceeding that of the original preparation of phosphorylated SR membranes 3-4-fold. Thin-layer chromatography on Silufol plates and Silicagel KSK showed that the proteolipid is not chromatographically homogeneous after 2-fold precipitation by diethyl ether and is localized in a band with Rf varying from 0.6 to 0.8. The fluorescence spectrum of the proteolipid in a chlorophorm- methanol--HCl solution is represented by an assymmetrical structure-free band with a maximum at 350 nm. A possible role of phosphorylase b and proteolipid in manifestation of the functional activity of the SR fragments is discussed. PMID- 7115809 TI - [Analysis of the fragment D-fibrin monomer complex formation by salting-out fractionation]. AB - The fragment D-fibrin monomer complex formation was studied by ammonium sulfate fractionation of the reaction mixtures initially consisting of 0.15-4.00 mg/ml of fragment D and 1.00 mg/ml of fibrin monomer, It was shown that in these mixtures the equilibrium was reached in not more than 15 sec. Fragment D binding to fibrin dependent on the fragment concentration. The Scatchard analysis of this dependence revealed a maximum of fragment D binding to one fibrin molecule of 2.95 +/- 0.28 with a Ka value of (9.04 +/- 1.08) x 10(-5) M-1 (n = 6), thus indicating a strong fragment--fibrin affinity. PMID- 7115810 TI - [Use of immobilization in the study of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Immobilized monomers]. AB - Active immobilized monomers of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase were prepared by means of dissociation of the tetrameric enzyme molecule covalently bound to Sepharose via a single subunit. The conditions were elaborated to achieve the inactivation and solubilization of the non-covalently bound subunits leaving the monomer coupled to the matrix intact. This procedure differs from the previously developed method of matrix-bound oligomeric enzymes dissociation in a detail which was found to be essentially important. The widely used method includes complete denaturation of all subunits during treatment with urea followed by reactivation of the immobilized one, whereas only the non-covalently bound subunits suffer denaturation under the conditions developed in the present work. The immobilized monomers of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase exhibit Vmax and Km (for NAD and substrate) values similar to those found for the immobilized tetramer. Reassociation of the immobilized monomers with soluble enzyme subunits obtained in the presence of urea produces matrix-bound tetrameric species. Immobilized trimers ae formed upon incubation of matrix-bound monomers in a diluted apoenzyme solution. The immobilized monomeric, trimeric and tetrameric enzyme species were used to study the role of subunit interactions in cooperative phenomena exhibited by the dehydrogenase. PMID- 7115811 TI - [Effect of lateral wick chain of tocopherols on oxidative reactions in lipids]. AB - An injection of a alpha-tocopherol and analog devoid of the lateral chain (C1) at a dose of 90 mg/kg of body weight to experimental animals increases the levels of natural antioxidants and lipid oxidation in mouse liver 4- and 4.5-fold, respectively. The effects of alpha-tocopherol on the lipids possessing a high antiradical activity and containing the lateral chain and that of its analog, C1, also possessing a high antiradical activity but devoid of the lateral chain, were compared. The similarity of alpha-tocopherol and its analog effects on the lipids can be due to their antiradical properties. The degree of this effect is, however, different, which can be accounted for by possible fixation of the molecular in the membrane due to the presence of the lateral chain and a resulting increase of antioxidant concentration in the lipids. PMID- 7115812 TI - [Protein composition of chromatin fractions differing in their attachment to nuclear structures at low ionic strength]. AB - Rat livers were disrupted in the TMS buffer (10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.6, 5 mM MgCl2, 0.25 M sucrose +70 microM beta-mercaptoethanol) and the nuclei were purified by sedimentation through 2.2 M sucrose with the same components as in TMS. Then the nuclei were resuspended and washed 3 times in TMS. After that the nuclei were resuspended to 1 mg DNA per ml in TM buffer (10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.6, 0.2 mM MgCl2) followed by centrifugation at low speed. About 60% of total nuclear DNP was recovered by this extraction. The protein/DNA ratio in the extracted chromatin fraction (DNPs) was about 1.1. The bulk of the non-extracted in TM residual chromatin fraction was released from the nuclear pellet after treatment with micrococcal nuclease. This matrix-associated chromatin fraction (DNPm) is significantly enriched in non-histone proteins as compared with the DNPs; hence the protein/DNA ratio of DNPm is at least two times higher than that of DNPs. The protein components of DNPs are represented by five histones containing negligible non-histone admixture. One of them was identified as protein A24, another--as non dissociated from DNA in 0.6 M NaCl acid-soluble protein with m. w. of about 42,500. The possible structural features of these two distinguishable chromatin fractions are discussed. PMID- 7115813 TI - [Amino acid sequence of seiwhale somatotropin]. AB - Thirteen homogenous peptides were isolated from the chymotryptic hydrolysate of seiwhale somatotropin. The amino acid composition and sequence of the chymotryptic peptides were determined. Two large peptides were isolated from the tryptic hydrolysate of the performic acid-oxidized somatotropin. One of them had 20 amino acid residues and contained cysteic acid; the other one consisted of 31 residues and contained tryptophane and numerous leucine residues. The amino acid sequence of tryptic peptides was established after their hydrolysis with chymotrypsin. Based on these and earlier published data a complete amino acid sequence of seiwhale somatotropin comprising 190 amino acid residues was proposed. O comparison of primary structure of somatotropins from 6 different sources revealed the most conservative and variable regions of the hormone polypeptide chain. PMID- 7115814 TI - [SH-dependent aminopeptidase from bovine kidney. Isolation, physico-chemical properties and substrate specificity]. AB - The SH-dependent aminopeptidase was isolated from bovine kidney and purified 800 fold. The enzyme has a pH optimum of 7.0 and pI of 5.5 and is activated by dithiothreitol and inhibited by p-chloromercurybenzoate. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 56000 and is represented by four polypeptide chains with m. w. of 14000. Aminopeptidase hydrolyzes beta-naphthylamides of arginine, alanine, leucine and proline and peptides with free N-terminal neutral and basic amino acid residues having L-configuration as well as angiotensin III. The enzyme does not split proteins, angiotensins I and II, B-chains of insulin and peptides with a blocked N-terminal amino group and peptides with proline as a second amino acid from the NH2-end. PMID- 7115815 TI - [Characteristics of the biosynthesis and phosphorylation of cytoplasmic proteins from different parts of brain and liver of rats under functional influences]. AB - The biosynthesis and phosphorylation of peptide fractions from rat liver cytoplasm and from different divisions of rat brain differing in their electrophoretic mobilities during polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with Na-DS were studied under normal conditions and at intensive locomotor exercise. In brain trunk the incorporation of [14C]methionine into nearly all peptide fractions and the phosphorylation were found to be considerably decreased. In neocortical preparations the changes in biosynthesis were different depending on the nature of protein fractions, which can partly be due to the oppositely directed types of [14C]methionine incorporation into the neurons and glyal cells, i. e. decrease and considerable increase, respectively. The level of phosphorylation of neuronal proteins was significantly decreased in the cytoplasm and considerably increased in the glyal cells. The rate of biosynthesis in all the peptide fractions and the phosphorylation were considerably increased in cerebellar preparations, which was not the case in other brain divisions and in the liver. PMID- 7115816 TI - [Electron transport and photophosphorylation, coupled with photoreduction of oxygen by chloroplasts of peas, grown under different conditions of illumination]. AB - A comparative study of the intensity of O2 uptake, NADP+ reduction and ATP synthesis in pea chloroplasts grown upon different illumination conditions was carried out. The rates of O2 uptake in the absence of cofactors and in the presence of ferredoxin are almost identical for "dark" and "light" chloroplasts. In a medium containing oxidized NADP+ the rate of electron transport is considerably lower in the "dark" chloroplasts; the pseudocyclic transport coupled with simultaneous reduction of O2 in these chloroplasts is somewhat higher (on the average by 30%). The decrease of electron transfer to NADP+ caused by reduction of light intensity during plant growth (presumably due to the limiting step, i. e. ferredoxin--NADP+-reductase) is to some extent compensated for by a more effective utilization of O2 as an electron acceptor. This eventually results in an increase of the ATP/NADPH ratio. PMID- 7115817 TI - [Isolation and study of some properties of new phosphopeptides from nerve tissue]. AB - The phosphopeptides were extracted by organic solvents from the lipid-deleted homogenate of rat brain tissue. The latter was obtained by means of trichloroacetic acid from rats injected with 32P-NaH2PO4 into brain ventricles. Chromatography of the brain extract on DEAE-Sephadex A-25 and gel filtration through Sephadex G-25 and G-15 resulted in 3 homogenous fractions of the phosphopeptides characterized by the maximal rate of the label incorporation. These fractions appeared to be homogenous during polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and thin-layer chromatography. The molecular weights of the fractions are equal to 1200, 1100 and 900, respectively; the isoelectric points lie at 3.2, 3.0 and 3.1, respectively. All the phosphopeptides tested contain large amounts of glycine, serine and glutamic acid and have alanine as N-terminal amino acid. PMID- 7115818 TI - [Accumulation by preparations of rat heart sarcolemma of protein-bound forms of glucocorticoids]. AB - The accumulation of free and protein-bound forms of [3H]corticosterone and [3H]dexamethasone by preparations of heart sarcolemma from adult male Wistar rats was studied. At physiological concentrations of glucocorticoids the sarcolemma preparations showed a considerably greater accumulation of the cytosol-bound form of glucocorticoids as compared to the free form. On the contrary, the formation of [3H]corticosterone-transcortine complex decreased the steroid uptake by the membranes under these conditions. The [3H]steroid-albumin complexes obtained by incubation of very high concentrations of [3H]glucocorticoids with pure albumin were retained by the membranes better than the free form of the hormones. The differences in the accumulation by membranes of steroid--cytosol and steroid- albumin complexes during temperature rise from 0 degrees to 20 degrees C were found. The increase in the uptake of steroid--cytosol complexes was evidently caused by thermal "activation" of the complexes, while the temperature influence on the steroid--albumin complexes accumulation by sarcolemma preparations was directly due to the uptake process. An addition of molybdate (blocker of steroid- receptor complexes activation) at a concentration of 100 mM completely eliminated the thermal effect on the steroid--cytosol complexes accumulation. PMID- 7115819 TI - [Incorporation at [3H]thymidine into the repetitive and unique nucleotide sequences in DNA of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis at the stage of synchronous cleavage divisions]. AB - The DNA synthesis in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis at the stage of 4-8 blastomers starts in the telophase and is completed in the prophase. The highest [3H]thymidine incorporation was observed in telophase chromosomes. The changes in the relative rate of [3H] thymidine incorporation during DNA replication are not the same for the repetitive and unique nucleotide sequences. Highly repetitive nucleotide sequences incorporate [3H]thymidine mainly at the beginning and at the end of DNA synthesis. Moderately repetitive nucleotide sequences do not demonstrate any significant changes in the rate of [3H]thymidine incorporation during DNA replication. The unique nucleotide sequences have the lowest rate of [3H]thymidine incorporation at the beginning (telophase) and at the end (prophase) of DNA synthesis and the highest rate--in the middle of the interphase. The data obtained suggest that there exists some temporal organization of replication process of repetitive and unique nucleotide sequences in the sea urchin genome at the stage of the synchronous cleavage divisions. PMID- 7115820 TI - [Effects of monovalent cations on synthesis and degradation kinetics of RNA in cells of Ehrlich carcinoma]. AB - The changes in intracellular ratio of Na+/K+ by equilibrating the cells in saline media at 0-4 degrees C cause changes in the rate of RNA synthesis in the cells. The optimum of [3H]uridine incorporation lies within the range of the Na+/K+ ratio of 7 : 1 to 3 : 1. Within the Na+/K+ ratio of 3 : 1 to 1 : 1 the rate of RNA synthesis is decreased about 2.5-fold, showing a further fall at the Na+/K+ ratio of about 1 : 3. Using competitive hybridization of labelled and non labelled heterogenous nuclear RNA with DNA, it was shown that the total rate of synthesis and the nature of newly formed transcripts are changed. When the cells equilibrated with a certain saline medium were labelled with [3H]uridine for 15 min and their cationic equilibrium was changed by another equilibration in a medium having a different Na+/K+ ratio, the processing of labelled heterogenous nuclear RNA was drastically changed, i.e. part of the labelled RNA was rapidly depolymerized, while the other part was deposited in the nuclei or cell cytoplasm. Hence the intracellular cationic homeostasis can control the transcription and its changes cause recoding of gene expression. Besides, the cells contain an active system which controls the transcription program and depends on intracellular ionic homeostasis. This system prevents the release of non-essential mRNAs into the cytoplasm by depolymerizing or depositing them in the nuclei. PMID- 7115821 TI - [Effects of polyols and sugars on the stability of microsomal cytochrome P-450]. AB - A systematic study of the inhibiting effects of polyols, mono- and oligosaccharides, dextran and polyethyleneglycols on thermal inactivation of cytochrome P-450 in rabbit liver microsomes has been carried out. In a phosphate buffer (pH 6.6, 50 degrees) the stabilizing effect increases in the following order: glycol less than ramnose less than glucose less than sorbitol less than maltose less than xylose = = glycerol (15% vol.). The kinetics of thermal inactivation of the rabbit microsomal cytochrome P-450 have been studied within the temperature range of 45-54 degrees at increasing concentrations of glycerol. For all the temperatures studied in the absence and presence of glycerol the thermal inactivation of P-450 is characterized by two phases, the first being described by the first order constants. Glycerol lowers the rate of thermal inactivation of cytochrome P-450 as well as the activation parameters delta H* and delta S* of thermal inactivation. There exists a linear relationship between decreasing values of delta H* and delta S* and increasing concentrations of glycerol in the medium. The effects of polyols on the thermal inactivation of P 450 is discussed in terms of alteration of solvent and microsomal membrane structures. PMID- 7115822 TI - [Nucleotide sequence organization of nuclear DNA of wheat embryos]. AB - The kinetic component composition of wheat embryo nuclear DNA was studied. It was shown that 32% of the genome consist of highly repetitive sequences. Intermediate repetitive sequences with repetitive frequency 1300 per genome constitute the bulk (52%) of the wheat embryo nuclear genome. The unique sequences constitute 12% of wheat embryo DNA. The individual families of intermediate repetitive and unique sequences were isolated; their reassociation kinetics were investigated and their kinetic complexity and repetition frequency were evaluated. Intermediate repetitive sequences 600-800 nucleotides in length were interspersed with unique sequences 800-1000 nucleotides long in the nuclear genome of wheat embryos. The linear relationship between the fragment length and the increasing amount of the zero-time binding DNA implies that 4% of the wheat embryos genome consists of palindromic sequences, which are clustered into groups. PMID- 7115823 TI - [Light-induced changes in quantum yields of the photochemical cycle of conversion of bacteriorhodopsin and transmembrane proton transfer in cells of Halobacterium halobium]. AB - It was found that the rate of proton efflux from the cells, vH+, and the turnover number of bacteriorhodopsin photoconversion cycle per second, vM, are gradually decreased during continuous illumination of Halobacterium halobium with orange light (550-650 nm, 10(3) W/m2). The steady-state value of vH+ after 3 min of illumination is 3 times lower than vH+ at the 1st second of illumination. At the same time the concentration of the photochemical cycle intermediate, M412, the quantum yield of its formation, phi M, and the quantum efficiency of proton efflux, phi H+, are decreased (phi M and phi H+ up to 3-4-fold), whereas the concentration of the initial form of bacteriorhodopsin, BR570, and lifetime of M412, tau, are increased. These light-induced effects are abolished by uncoupler, carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) and are enhanced by the phosphorylation inhibitor, N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD). This suggests that the observed changes of M412 and BR570 concentrations, tau, VH+, VM, phi M and phi H+ are due to the light-induced changes in the transmembrane electric potential, delta psi, and in pH inside and outside the cell, which control the photochemical cycle reactions. The decrease of phi M and phi H+ is discussed on the basis of an earlier proposed scheme of the branched photochemical cycle. It is assumed that the back reactions of the cycle (shunts) not coupled with the transmembrane proton translocation, e.g. conversion of L550 (P550) into BR570 without M412 formation, etc., become more probably at high values of the proton electrochemical potential gradient. PMID- 7115824 TI - [Immunological characteristics of the membrane and cytoplasmic components of Mycoplasma arthritidis]. PMID- 7115825 TI - [DNA excretion by lymphocytes in chronic lympholeukemia]. PMID- 7115826 TI - [Dynamics of the formation of rhythmical electrical activity in the rat brain in ontogeny]. PMID- 7115827 TI - [Formation of a conditioned motor response during night sleep based on verbal reinforcement]. PMID- 7115828 TI - [Role of the greater omentum in the oxygenation of portal blood]. PMID- 7115829 TI - [Possible secondary histamine absorption by rat mast cells]. PMID- 7115830 TI - [Formation of a water-soluble pigment by a Serratia sp. strain that diffuses in the medium]. PMID- 7115831 TI - [Genetic code. The correlation between codon structural elements and the chemical properties of amino acids]. PMID- 7115832 TI - Elevation of urinary catecholamines and their metabolites following tyrosine administration in humans. AB - A single oral dose of tyrosine (100 or 150 mg/kg) caused significant increases in urinary levels of norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), dopamine (DA), 3-methoxy 4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), vanilmandelic acid (VMA), and homovanillic acid (HVA) during the first 2 hr after its ingestion; water administration failed to produce such changes. The temporal patterns of these increases paralleled those of previously described increases in plasma tyrosine. Since urinary catecholamines derive from peripheral sources, while the catecholamine metabolites in urine may reflect both CNS and peripheral catecholamine turnover, these findings indicate that tyrosine administration may accelerate catecholamine synthesis in and release from cells throughout the human body. Tyrosine may thus constitute a useful agent for treating central or peripheral disorders associated with insufficient release of catecholamines. PMID- 7115833 TI - Amenorrhea in anorexia nervosa: examination of the critical body weight hypothesis. AB - In order to examine the relevance of the critical body weight hypothesis to menstrual regulation in anorexia nervosa, extensive physical, dietary, and behavioral assessments were made in 40 anorexia nervosa patients immediately before and after treatment, and at 3-month intervals up to 1 year posttreatment. Fifteen patients recovered menses; the body weights of these patients agreed with weights predicted by the critical body weight hypothesis. However, 12 patients with continuing amenorrhea had also achieved similar body weights. Clinical assessment showed that patients with continuing amenorrhea, both of normal and low weights, had significantly more "anorectic" attitudes and behaviors than the menstruating patients. PMID- 7115834 TI - Raised endogenous monoamine oxidase inhibitor output in postwithdrawal alcoholics: effects of L-dopa and ethanol. AB - Urinary output of endogenous monoamine oxidase inhibitor was significantly greater in a group of postwithdrawal alcoholics than in controls. An oral dose of 0.5 g of L-dopa reduced output to control values in the alcoholics, but in the controls themselves output was unaffected. A similar excretion pattern to unextracted samples was observed in ethyl acetate extracts of these urine samples, acidified to pH 1. In a second group of postwithdrawal alcoholics, where the L-dopa effect was confirmed, ethanol administration brought about a small but not significant reduction in inhibitor output. PMID- 7115835 TI - Reproducibility of the dexamethasone suppression test in depression. PMID- 7115836 TI - High neuroleptic plasma levels in patients manifesting supersensitivity psychosis. PMID- 7115837 TI - Hyperprolactinemia and sexual disorders in men. AB - One hundred and thirty-six men, who presented at Masters & Johnson Institute for treatment of impotence, ejaculatory incompetence, and inhibited sexual desire, underwent endocrine screening. Eleven men (8.1%) were found to be hyperprolactinemic: three had a mild degree of hyperprolactinemia while eight had markedly elevated serum prolactin levels in conjunction with subnormal serum testosterone levels. The markedly hyperprolactinemic men, all of whom were subsequently found to have prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas, presented with diverse histories of sexual disorders which were similar to those of men with psychogenic sexual dysfunctions. All eight experienced some degree of improvement of sexual function following a 2-week course of intensive psychotherapy, although full restoration of libido was contingent on reduction of circulating prolactin to normal or near-normal levels. Measurement of prolactin levels should be routinely performed in all men presenting with the above sexual disorders and depressed testosterone levels. PMID- 7115838 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid gamma-aminobutyric acid and homovanillic acid in depressive disorders. AB - gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) levels were determined in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of hospitalized patients suffering from depression and in a control group. Both mean CSF GABA and HVA levels in the patients with depression were significantly lower than those of the control group (p less than 0.05, p less than 0.01, respectively). No positive correlation was found between the changes in CSF GABA and HVA levels in the patients with depression. The Hamilton Rating score in these depressed patients, age, and sex showed no correlation to CSF GABA levels. It is suggested that decreased activity in the central GABAergic and dopaminergic system may be involved in the pathogenesis of depression. PMID- 7115839 TI - Measuring the average evoked response to light flashes: the contribution of eye blink artifact to augmenting-reducing. AB - There have been numerous reports relating individual differences in stimulus intensity control to psychopathology and personality. Most of these studies record the averaged evoked response (AER) to light flashes of different brightness and assess the relationship between response amplitude and stimulus intensity. The present investigation used procedures commonly employed in these studies to examine the effects of eye blinks on the AER. Twenty normal subjects were tested twice over a 1-week interval while the AER and electroocculographic (EOG) response generated by a blink were recorded. The averaged EOG was digitally subtracted from the AER to yield a blink-corrected AER. Various comparisons of amplitude measures derived from corrected and uncorrected AERs and the averaged EOG revealed that blinking contributed a pronounced artifact that tended to reduce the magnitude of AER amplitude, especially to the more intense stimuli. These findings raise questions about the validity of interpretations drawn from studies of AER augmenting-reducing, very few of which control for eye-blink artifact. The linearity of the amplitude-intensity relationship for each subject was also assessed. This analysis revealed that the data points were poorly described by a straight line and therefore that the use of linear slope to characterize the amplitude-intensity relationship is unwarranted. PMID- 7115840 TI - The effects of ECT modifications on autobiographical and verbal memory. PMID- 7115841 TI - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in a psychiatric population: a preliminary study. PMID- 7115842 TI - EEG sleep patterns in enuresis: a further analysis and comparison with normal controls. PMID- 7115843 TI - Schizophrenia and antibodies to food. PMID- 7115844 TI - Antibodies to antigens on teratocarcinoma cells are associated with parity in mice. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that the maternal host responds immunologically to antigens of the fetus, including oncofetal antigens (OFA). However, until now, the OFA that have been studied are those associated with the postimplantation embryo. In this paper we provide evidence that the maternal host also responds immunologically to antigens associated with the mouse teratocarcinoma (TC) cell lines F9 and PYS-2, which have been established as models for the preimplantation embryo. In a solid-phase radioimmunoassay using cell membrane extracts as antigen and 125I-protein A to detect binding antibodies, sera from parous C57BL/6 mice had a significantly greater reactivity than sera from age-matched virgin animals to F9 but not PYS-2, splenocyte or fibroblast antigen extracts. This finding was confirmed by surface immunofluorescence (IF) with fluorescein-labeled anti-mouse IgG. IF also detected a small number of multiparous mice with antibodies to PSY-2. Positive serum reactivity did not correlate directly with the number of previous litters. These TC cell lines express at least 2 OFA, F9 and Endo, which are found on preimplantation embryos and sperm, and preimmunization of female mice with F9 cells has been shown to reduce fertility. The parity-induced antibodies detected in this study could react with embryos at early stages of development and contribute to the natural decrease in litter size which occurs in mice after the second litter. PMID- 7115845 TI - Time sequence of in vitro maturation and chromosomal normality in metaphase I and metaphase II of the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) oocyte. PMID- 7115846 TI - Changes in nuclear estrogen receptor level in the rat oviduct during ovum transport. AB - The purpose of this study was to assess variations in the concentration of nuclear estrogen receptor in the oviduct during normal embryo transport and to determine its temporal relationship with the passage of eggs to the uterus. Groups of 6--8 rats were sacrificed at different intervals from 0800 h on Day 1 to 1700 h on Day 4 of pregnancy to determine the concentration of nuclear estrogen receptor in the oviduct, the plasmatic estrogen level and the location of eggs in the genital tract. No significant variations in the amount of nuclear estrogen receptor were observed throughout the first 3 days. However, on Day 4 of pregnancy, concomitant with an elevation of plasma estrogen level there was a significant increase in nuclear estrogen receptor which started 4 to 5 h before the first ova began to reach the uterus. The receptor concentration attained a 3 fold elevation over previous days and returned to basal levels when 30% of the ova had been transferred to the uterus. These results provide evidence that estrogen exerts a direct action on the oviduct during embryo transport and that the passage of embryos to the uterus is preceded by a well-defined increment of estrogenic action on the oviduct. This temporal relationship is in keeping with the concept that estrogen receptor mediated events taking place in the oviduct may be involved in timing the transport of ova through the tubouterine junction. PMID- 7115847 TI - Hypophysectomized male rats treated with polydimethylsiloxane capsules containing testosterone: effects on spermatogenesis, fertility, and reproductive tract concentrations of androgens. AB - Spermatogenesis, reproductive luminal contents and androgen concentrations were examined in hypophysectomized male rats treated with 1 of 3 testosterone (T) dosages for 60-64 days and in sham-operated controls. Hypophysectomized rats treated with 2 cm long T implants showed normal mating but reduced fertility, while normal fertility was maintained in animals given 8 or 3 x 8 cm T. Spermatogenesis in the hypophysectomized groups treated with 2 cm T for 10 days was generally arrested at the spermatocyte stage, while in the hypophysectomized animals treated with 2 cm T for 64 days spermatogenesis was halted at the spermatid stage. The 8 and 3 x 8 T-treated hypophysectomized animals had normal spermatogenesis with only minimal focal areas of degenerating seminiferous epithelium. Serum T concentrations were reduced by hypophysectomy, maintained at control levels by the 2 cm T dosage and increased to pharmacological levels in a dose-dependent manner by 8 and 3 x 8 cm T treatments. Testicular T concentrations also responded in a dose-dependent manner but the 3 x 8 cm T dose was not sufficient to keep testicular T at control levels. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in the caput epididymidis was maintained at control levels by the 8, reduced by the 2 and elevated by the 3 x 8 cm T treatment. Without gonadotropins, higher than normal levels of serum T are required to maintain normal fertility, although this normal reproductive capacity is possible even with greatly reduced testicular T concentrations. PMID- 7115848 TI - Molecular differentiation of the mouse genital tract: protein synthesis in fetal and immature female reproductive tract. AB - Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, approximately 75% of the 192 proteins detected in the fetal mouse genital tract are also detected on fluorograms of immature tissue. There is a progressive increase in the number of qualitatively different proteins synthesized from Day 14 fetal genital tissue to the 17-day-old immature uterus and vagina. Seventy-eight percent of the 180 proteins detectable on fluorograms of proteins having isoelectric points between 4 and 7, and proteins synthesized in the immature female genital tracts, were also detected in fluorograms of fetal tissues. Four of the 12 new proteins appear to be specific to the immature vagina; the remaining 8, specific to the immature uterus. PMID- 7115849 TI - Analysis of Sertoli cell-secreted proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. AB - The [35S]methionine-labeled proteins secreted from cultured Sertoli cells were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and fluorography. Major polypeptides which were resolved by this procedure were designated by number and further analyzed. Many of these major polypeptides appeared as a series of spots which corresponded to charge isomers. Two of these polypeptides (5 and 6) were shown to be acidic, glycosylated and to comprise the subunits of a dimeric protein of molecular weight 70,000. Some of the polypeptides (4a and 5a) were shown to be secreted from testicular peritubular cells which contaminated the Sertoli cell cultures. However, many of the polypeptides (1,2,3,4,5,5b and 6) were specifically secreted from the Sertoli cells. The fluorogram of the secreted polypeptides obtained from cultured Sertoli cells from 20- or 60-day-old rats were similar to each other but differed from the pattern of polypeptides which were secreted from cultures of Sertoli cells from 10-day-old rats. Polypeptide 3 was identified by immunoprecipitation as testicular transferrin and the synthesis of polypeptide 3 was stimulated when the Sertoli cells were cultured in the presence of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), insulin, testosterone and retinol. PMID- 7115850 TI - Effects of gossypol on reproductive and endocrine functions of male cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). PMID- 7115851 TI - Deciduoma formation in uterus of genetically mast cell-deficient W/Wv mice. AB - The role of mast cells in deciduoma formation in the uterus of mice was investigated by using genetically mast cell-deficient (WB x C57BL/6)F1-W/Wv (hereafter called WBB6F1-W/Wv) mice. Deciduoma formation occurred in castrated WBB6F1-W/Wv mice after estradiol-progesterone injection and traumatization in spite of their deficiency of mast cells. Injection of diphenhydramine, which blocks histamine receptors, inhibited deciduoma formation in WBB6F1-W/Wv mice as well as in congenic +/+ mice. THe uterus of WBB6F1-W/Wv mice contained about 10% of the amount of histamine found in the uterus of +/+ mice. These results suggest that mast cells are not essential for formation of deciduomata and that histamine originating from sources other than mast cells may be important in deciduoma formation. PMID- 7115853 TI - Interaction of maternal blood volume and uterine blood flow with porcine fetal development. PMID- 7115854 TI - Ornithine decarboxylase activity in maternal and fetal tissues during inanition in pigs. PMID- 7115852 TI - Bovine immunoglobulin M as a major factor contributing to serum-induced head-to head agglutination in bovine spermatozoa. PMID- 7115855 TI - Regulation of pulsatile prolactin secretion in primates. PMID- 7115856 TI - Dissolution rates of silicate cements. AB - The literature relating to the dissolution of the silicate cements is reviewed, including the methodology, intrinsic factors relating to composition and method of mixing, curing etc. and extrinsic factors, i.e. the medium, pH, ionic strength etc. to which the sample of cement is exposed. New experimental data is shown relating the dissolution rate to solution composition and ionic strength. It is seen that samples of silicate cement can take up phosphate from solution as well as releasing this species and a dissolution process based on a reversible equilibrium is advanced. Also considered are the effects of sample volume:area ratio and the effect of agitation. PMID- 7115857 TI - Microporous flow surface variation and short term thrombogenicity in dogs. PMID- 7115858 TI - Polymers containing enzymatically degradable bonds. VI. Hydrophilic gels cleavable by chymotrypsin. PMID- 7115859 TI - Loss into water of residual monomer from autopolymerizing dental acrylic resin. PMID- 7115860 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of the metal-tissue interface. I. Fixation methods and interpretation of results. AB - Scanning electron microscopy has been used to study the interface between implants of pure metals and the muscular tissue of rats. Several problems arise in the interpretation of the observations made, due to the potential for disruption to the tissue and the exacerbation of any corrosion that may have occurred in vivo during the fixation periods. Details are given of the control experiments performed in order to ascertain the nature of potential artefacts and of the techniques eventually determined to be optimal for these purposes. PMID- 7115861 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of the metal-tissue interface. II. Observations with lead, copper, nickel, aluminium, and cobalt. AB - The nature of the metal-tissue interface following the implantation of five pure metals, lead, copper, nickel, aluminium and cobalt, in rats has been observed by scanning electron microscopy. The general conclusion, derived from light microscopy that the tissue response to pure metals is characteristic of and specific to individual pure metals has been confirmed in this study. However, far more detailed observations of factors such as the extent of metallic corrosion, the distribution of red blood cells, platelets and other cells in the capsule and adherent to the metal surface, have been possible with SEM. PMID- 7115862 TI - Biomedical applications of magnetic fluids. III. Antitumour effect of magnetic albumin microsphere-entrapped adriamycin on lung metastasis of AH 7974 in rats. PMID- 7115863 TI - Biomaterials research in neural prostheses. PMID- 7115864 TI - Mark-recapture models with parameters constant in time. AB - The Jolly-Seber method, which allows for both death and immigration, is easy to apply but often requires a larger number of parameters to be estimated tha would otherwise be necessary. If (i) survival rate, phi, or (ii) probability of capture, p, or (iii) both phi and p can be assumed constant over the experimental period, models with a reduced number of parameters are desirable. In the present paper, maximum likelihood (ML) solutions for these three situations are derived from the general ML equations of Jolly [1979, in Sampling Biological Populations, R. M. Cormack, G. P. Patil and D. S. Robson (eds), 277-282]. A test is proposed for heterogeneity arising from a breakdown of assumptions in the general Jolly Seber model. Tests for constancy of phi and p are provided. An example is given, in which these models are fitted to data from a local butterfly population. PMID- 7115866 TI - Some applications of inequalities for extreme order statistics to a genetic selection problem. AB - Two inequalities are derived for the extreme order statistics in a special case of unequally-correlated multivariate normal variables, and their implications in a genetic selection problem which was considered recently by Rawlings (1976, Biometrics 32, 875-887) and Hill (1976, Biometrics 32, 889-902; 1977, Biometrics 33, 703-712) are discussed. The inequalities establish a monotonicity property of the extreme order statistics as a function of the intraclass correlation, and they yield a chain of bounds when the family sizes are not all equal. Thus the inequalities extend the applicability of the results given by Rawlings and Hill to the more general case. PMID- 7115865 TI - Testing selection at a single locus. AB - In this paper some methods for testing for the presence of selection at a single locus in a single population are discussed. It is assumed that at that locus only two alleles are present, and that the allele frequencies are observed for a number of generations. Tests are derived for detecting heterozygote advantage, genic selection and more general selection. Some simulation studies illustrate the power, or lack of power, of the tests, and show the connection between on the tests and the theory of Watterson (1979, Advances in Applied Probability 11, 14 30). PMID- 7115868 TI - Estimation of the efficacy of thermal microbial disinfection. AB - A new biometric model is presented for the rate of thermal disinfection of a microbial population. Unlike the usual approach, this model incorporates random errors arising at two stages into exponential kinetics. The first such stage is a result of sampling at the initial time of deposition of the microorganisms. The second stage corresponds to the variation arising from the subsequent experimentation. Maximum likelihood estimation of the 'decimal reduction time' parameter, tau, is described together with a numerical application and simulation study of the efficiency of estimation of tau under the usual model and the new model. PMID- 7115867 TI - Analysis of proportions of affected foetuses in teratological experiments. AB - This paper is concerned with the analysis of proportions affected when an increasing dose of a compound is applied to a group of laboratory animals. Several sets of data, including a set from a teratological experiment at the Shell Toxicology Laboratory, Sittingbourne, are analysed and some simulations are performed. Among the distributional models, the beta-binomial model is, in general, found to be the most sensitive to departures from the binomial. For testing the equality of two proportions, a comparison is made between the pseudo t test, based on the jackknife method, and the likelihood ratio test, based on the beta-binomial model. From the limited comparison, no definite advantage of one approach over the other has been found; at the 5% level of significance both approaches lead to similar conclusions. PMID- 7115870 TI - Basal body temperature, ovulation and the risk of conception, with special reference to the lifetimes of sperm and egg. AB - The risks of conception, due to sexual intercourse at various times before and after the periovulatory rise in the woman's basal body temperature, are evaluated. In general, the risk is small nine or more days before, and two or more days after, the first day of elevated temperature. The model for the conception probabilities assumes exponential survival distributions for sperm and egg and a specific probability that an egg is viable. Median survival times for sperm and egg are estimated at 1.0 days and 0.5 days, respectively. The Pearl indices for intercourse on the third and fourth day of elevated temperatures are 4.7 and 1.2 pregnancies per 100 woman-years, respectively. PMID- 7115869 TI - Robustness in real life: a study of clinical laboratory data. AB - Previous studies have evaluated the performance of robust estimators of location using computer-generated distributions. This paper describes how distributions commonly seen in biomedical research differ from the simulated distributions, and compares the performance of six families of estimators using samples from four biomedical distributions. The biomedical distributions can be asymmetric, and have shorter tails and other anomalies, such as digit preferences, which are not modeled in simulation studies. The four biomedical distributions studied differ markedly from the models previously studied, and these differences strongly affect the robust estimators. In such situations the trimmed mean provides an improvement over the sample mean, and its performance is more stable than that of estimators whose psi functions have steeply-descending tails. The central value and dispersion of each of the estimators are evaluated. PMID- 7115871 TI - Approximate confidence intervals for probabilities of survival and quantiles in life-table analysis. AB - For survival probabilities with censored data, Rothman (1978, Journal of Chronic Diseases 31, 557-560) has recommended the use of quadratic confidence limits based on the assumption that the product of the 'effective' sample size at time t and the life-table estimate of the survival probability past time t follows a binomial distribution. This paper shows that the proposed confidence limits are asymptotically correct for continuous survival data. These intervals, as well as those based on the arcsine transformation, the logit transformation and the log(- log) transformation, are compared by simulation to those based on Greenwood's formula--the usual method of interval estimation in life-table analysis. With large amounts of data, the alternatives to the Greenwood method all produce acceptable intervals. On the basis of overall performance, the intervals suggested by Rothman are preferred for smaller samples. Any of these methods may be used to generate confidence sets for the median survival time or for any other quantile. PMID- 7115872 TI - On a method of mortality analysis incorporating age--year interaction, with application to prostate cancer mortality. AB - A model used in the analysis of tabular mortality data (or incidence data), in which deaths are classified by age and year of occurrence, is shown to arise from the assumption that effects due to epoch of birth (the cohort effects) act multiplicatively on an underlying hazard function which may change with calendar year. The model disentangles the cohort effects and the effects due to epoch of death (year effects) and age at death (age effects), and incorporates an age- year interaction which has an interpretation in terms of changing the shape of the underlying hazard function. In addition, the derivation of the hazard function suggests meaningful interpretation of certain combinations of the model parameters. As an illustration, application of the model to prostate cancer mortality in England and Wales indicates, among other things, that after allowing the changing cohort effects, the risk for young men has increased relative to that for older men in recent years. PMID- 7115873 TI - The use of historical control information in testing for a trend in Poisson means. AB - A method is developed for the use of historical control information in testing for a trend with Poisson data. The resulting test statistic is a modification of a statistic proposed by Armitage (1955, Biometrics 11, 375-386) to test for a trend in frequencies. The contribution of the historical control data in the analysis depends upon the degree of heterogeneity of the historical counts. PMID- 7115874 TI - A note on the Fourier series model for analysing line transect data. AB - The Fourier series model offers a powerful procedure for the estimation of animal population density from line transect data. The estimate is reliable over a wide range of detection functions. In contrast, analytic confidence intervals yield, at best, 90% confidence for nominal 95% intervals. Three solutions, one using Monte Carlo techniques, another making direct use of replicate lines and the third based on the jackknife method, are discussed and compared. PMID- 7115875 TI - A regression application for comparing growth potential of environmental at different points in the growth cycle. AB - Regression techniques are used to quantify a procedure for indexing the productive capacity of forested sites. The regression model parameters theta' = (gamma*, beta 1, beta 2,..., beta m) are defined in such a way that the value of the indexing parameter gamma* identifies individual growth-over-time response curves from a family of curves that have the parameters beta 1, beta 2,..., beta m in common. The beta terms are estimated from historical cumulative growth data, while gamma* is estimated from these historical data together with r values of the response characteristic observed at a single point in the growth cycle of each new environment to which the prediction equations are to be applied. The formulation allows comparison of growth potential of environments containing equal-aged groups of experimental units that are at different points in the growth cycle, by means of an index defined as projects growth at a preselected common age. PMID- 7115876 TI - Resistant fits for some commonly used logistic models with medical application. AB - Logistic regression-type models are used in many applications. Some examples include the classical dose-response experiment, prospective and retrospective studies of disease incidence (with and without matching), and the analysis of ordinal data. In most instances, the model is fitted by the method of maximum likelihood, which, like least squares, is sensitive to atypical observations. An alternative to maximum likelihood is proposed and illustrated by examples. PMID- 7115878 TI - [Estimation of hazards-ratio in the two-sample problem]. PMID- 7115877 TI - The two-period changeover design in clinical trials. PMID- 7115879 TI - Dynamic depolarization of interacting fluorophores. Effect of internal rotation and energy transfer. AB - Effects of internal rotation on the fluorescence decay functions and time dependent anisotropies of fluorophores bound to a spherical macromolecule are theoretically investigated in the presence of the intramolecular energy transfer interaction by solving relevant rotational diffusion equations. The model system examined is one in which the energy donor is internally rotating around an axis fixed at the macromolecule and the acceptor is fixed at a definite position in the macromolecule. The effect of internal rotation in the system is described by Hill's functions with two cosine terms. The fluorescence decay function and anisotropy decay are functions of the ratio of energy-transfer probability averaged over the internal rotation angle to the rotary diffusion co-efficient. When the internal rotation is much faster than energy transfer, the decay function of the donor is predicted to be a single exponential, and the anisotropy decay is essentially described by the expression derived by Gotlieb and Wahl (1963. J. Chim. Phys. 60:849-856). However, deviation from it becomes pronounced as the rotation becomes slower. Methods of numerical analysis are presented for decay function and anisotropy decay, as well as relative quantum yield and polarization anisotropy under steady-state excitation, and examined for a simplified system under the variation of the diffusion coefficient. PMID- 7115880 TI - Adaptation in cones. A general model. AB - Three features appear to characterize steady-state light adaptation in vertebrate cone photoreceptors: (a) the shape of the "log intensity-response" curve at different levels of adaptation is the same, the only change with adaptation is in the position of the point on the curve about which the cones operate; (b) at high adapting intensities the operating point becomes fixed in position; (c) this fixed position is at the steepest point of the log intensity-response curve. These three features can be described by a mathematical model. PMID- 7115881 TI - Structural and dipolar properties of the voltage-dependent pore former alamethicin in octanol/dioxane. AB - Dielectric constant and loss of the membrane-active peptide alamethicin in octanol/dioxane mixtures have been measured at frequencies between 5 kHz and 50 MHz. On the basis of a rotational mechanism of dipolar orientation, the observed dispersion provides information regarding size, shape, and dipole moment of the structural entities which the solute may assume in media of diverse lipophilicity. Particularly detailed results are obtained in a pure octanol solvent where an apparent molecular weight of alamethicin could be determined. It turns out that in this quite lipophilic medium most of the peptide material exists as a monomer particle that has approximate length and diameter of 35 and 13 A, respectively. It carries a dipole moment of approximately 75 Debye units (directed nearly parallel to the long axis). At our concentrations of a few milligrams per milliliters, appreciable formation of dimers by head-to-tail linkage is indicated. When the octanol content is reduced by adding greater amounts of dioxane, larger particles are encountered. This is accompanied by a decrease of the effective polarity. The inherent increase of hydrophilicity in the dioxane-enriched solvent apparently favors another monomer conformation that has a low dipole moment and easily aggregates to some kind of micelle. PMID- 7115882 TI - Determination of fluorescence polarization of membrane probes in intact erythrocytes. Possible scattering artifacts. AB - The anisotropy of the fluorescence of diphenylhexatriene has been reported to be less in the membranes of intact erythrocytes than in erythrocyte ghost membranes or in membranes prepared from erythrocyte lipids. Evidence is presented that this may be an artifact due to the intense light scattering by the intact erythrocytes. PMID- 7115883 TI - Model for cooperativity of biological membranes. AB - We present a mathematical model for the complex cooperativity observed in biological membranes. In our model, it is assumed that the proteins bound on the membrane are noncooperative and possess a Bohr proton. It is further assumed that the net charge of the unliganded state of the protein is different from that of the liganded state owing to the structural change upon binding the ligand. With this model, we show how an all-or-none response, a graded response, and a noncooperative response arise in the binding curve of such biological membranes. In addition, we show how an effector, which can alter the pKa involved in the binding site, induces a complex cooperativity. PMID- 7115884 TI - Excimer fluorescence of pyrene-tropomyosin adducts. AB - Studies of the fluorescence of N-(1-pyrene)maleimide and N-(1 pyrenyl)iodoacetamide adducts of rabbit skeletal muscle tropomyosin revealed the presence of excimer fluorescence characterized by a broad emission band at 480 nm with a shoulder at 505 nm. Monomer fluorescence decay exhibited different lifetimes, viz., about 3, 22 and 87 ns for the pyrenemaleimide adduct; about 2.5, 11 and 51 ns for the aminolyzed maleimide adduct; and 2.5, 15 and 74 ns for the pyrenyliodoacetamide adduct. Almost identical excimer fluorescence lifetimes were found for all adducts; about 9, 35, and 65 ns. Excimer fluorescence was sensitive to changes in ionic strength and pH of the medium while monomer fluorescence did not change. The protein denaturants guanidine hydrochloride and urea caused dissociation of the two tropomyosin subunits and partial disappearance of excimer fluorescence, but not as effectively as the hydrophobic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate. The sensitivity of excimer fluorescence to changes in the microenvironment make these pyrene derivatives very useful probes for studying conformational changes and binding interaction of tropomyosin with other contractile proteins. The unique location of the excimer probe at tropomyosin Cys 190 and its characteristic long lifetimes could make it useful in time-resolved anisotropy studies and fluorescence energy-transfer experiments. PMID- 7115885 TI - Fluorescence spectroscopic studies of pyrene-actin adducts. AB - Reaction kinetic studies of the sulfhydryl-directed fluorescent probes N-(1 pyrene)maleimide (PM) and N-(1-pyrenyl)iodoacetamide with actin from rabbit skeletal muscle showed that there were three accessible sulfhydryl groups in actin. Fluorescence spectral studies showed energy transfer from aromatic amino acid residues to fluorophore reacted at Cys-373, as well as weak excimer fluorescence probably due to doubly labeled molecules at Cys-10 and Cys-373. These results provide further evidence that trytophan and tyrosine residues are located near the probe attached to Cys-373 or Cys-10 and the latter two thiols are in close proximity. In age PM-labeled F-actin, the succinimido ring of PM underwent intramolecular aminolysis, resulting in large emission spectral changes and increased excimer fluorescence. Solvent perturbation studies indicate that the probes were located in a hydrophobic environment; their quantum yield and spectrum properties were very sensitive to changes in the microenvironment. Nanosecond-pulse fluorimetry studies revealed complex fluorescence emission decays with three intrinsic lifetimes in adducts with low molecular weight thiols as well as in labeled proteins. Fluorescence lifetimes were 17, 48 and 111 ns for the pyrenemaleimide adduct of actin, and 3, 14 and 60 ns for the pyrenyliodoacetamide adduct. Supporting evidence is given for the argument that multiple fluorescence lifetimes are an intrinsic property of the pyrene derivatives and are not due to the presence of impurity or heterogeneity in the protein reaction sites. Because of their high sensitivity and long lifetimes, pyrene derivatives are extremely useful. PMID- 7115886 TI - Effects of small nonpolar molecules on membrane compressibility and permeability. A theoretical study of the effects of anesthetic gases. AB - We explore from a theoretical perspective the effects of small nonpolar molecules, such as anesthetic gases, on membrane compressibility and permeability. As a model system we expand a previously proposed generalization of Nagle's model for biomembrane phase transitions. In this model anesthetic gases alter membrane compressibility, causing profound changes in membrane permeability. Anesthetics either increase or decrease membrane permeability, depending on whether the membrane lipid is originally in the solid or melted state, or in a two-phase region. These changes are reversed by high pressure, in agreement with experimental results. Anesthetic-induced changes in compressibility are predicted to inhibit fusion of phospholipid vesicles to each other and to planar bilayers, and thus might be expected to inhibit the fusion of presynaptic vesicles with the presynaptic nerve membrane. This work provides a detailed molecular theory for many of the effects of anesthetic gases on both synapse and axon, and provides a coherent framework for understanding diverse experimental results. PMID- 7115888 TI - Resolution of initially excited and relaxed states of tryptophan fluorescence by differential-wavelength deconvolution of time-resolved fluorescence decays. PMID- 7115887 TI - Intrinsic electrostatic properties and base sequence effects in the structure of oligonucleotides. AB - Molecular electrostatic potentials and steric accessibilities are calculated for Dickerson's dodecanucleotide CGCGAATTCGCG and compared with those for the 'inverted' sequence TATAGGCCTATA. The results are used to distinguish between properties due to base sequence (the location of the deepest potential minimum in the minor groove of A-T sequences and in the major groove of G-C sequences) and those due to the finite length of the oligonucleotide (location of the deepest potential in the central part of the oligonucleotide). PMID- 7115889 TI - Geometry of the five-membered ring mathematical demonstration of the pseudorotation formulae. AB - The geometrical relations between the 15 typical parameters (bond lengths and angles, torsion angles) of a five-membered ring are derived for any ring then for a regular one. It is demonstrated that for the case of the 20 symmetrical C2 and CS conformations, only geometrical considerations are needed to obtain the pseudorotation formulae for the torsion angles. However, the puckering intensity as well as the bond angle values cannot be expressed from geometrical constraints alone but would require energetical considerations. PMID- 7115891 TI - Equilibrium dialysis studies of polyamine binding to DNA. PMID- 7115893 TI - Equilibrium folding and unfolding pathways for a model protein. PMID- 7115890 TI - On the Hill plot of NMR data for titration of proteins residues. AB - The Hill plots of NMR titration data for protein residues disclose more clearly than the usual titration curves the presence of multiple weak perturbations originating from other titratable groups, and should be used whenever the conventional curve fitting is poor. For a quantitative interpretation, we derive here expressions for the Hill equation and the Hill coefficient when the titration of the observed group is perturbed by more than one titratable group. When the generalized Hill equation is fitted to the data, values of the interaction parameters between the observed group and the others are extracted provided that there are no mutual interactions between the latter groups. The method is applied to the titration data of two histidyl residues of L-arginine phosphotransferase (E.C. 2.7.3.3.) in the transition state analogue complex (enzyme-Mg2+-ADP-NO3(-)-L-Arg). From the Hill plots, interactions with three titratable groups are disclosed for both residues, and the fitting with the Hill equation reveals that they experience perturbations from the same three groups. Microscopic pK values are obtained for all the involved groups, indicating large changes (up to 3 pH units) upon protonation of the interacting groups. As compared to the conventional fitting procedure, the use and fitting of Hill plots yields from NMR data more information on the neighbourhood of enzyme residues and on the changes intervening therein through the steps involved in the catalysis. PMID- 7115892 TI - Steady-state opticohydrodynamic properties of DNA: molecular weight dependence and the internal viscosity problem. PMID- 7115894 TI - Quasielastic light scattering by biopolymers. V. Interparticle interactions between polynucleosomes. PMID- 7115895 TI - Quasielastic light scattering by biopolymers. VI. Diffusion of mononucleosomes and oligonucleosomes in the presence of static and sinusoidal electric fields. PMID- 7115896 TI - Microwave absorption by folded DNA chains. PMID- 7115898 TI - Dissociation of bovine and bacterial catalases by sodium n-dodecyl sulfate. PMID- 7115897 TI - Properties of the complexes formed by 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate with phosphorylase kinase and calmodulin. PMID- 7115899 TI - Absorption of microwave radiation by DNA double helix in aquo. PMID- 7115900 TI - Low-frequency modes in the Raman spectra of proteins. PMID- 7115902 TI - Isolation and native characterization of cysteine-rich collagens from bovine placental tissues and uterus and their relationship to types IV and V collagens. AB - A simplified procedure for the fractionation and purification of different collagen types from various tissues is described which is particularly efficient in separating type-V from type-IV collagen, and high-mol.-wt. (HMW) aggregates from 7 S collagen. Uterus and maternal villi contain 2 forms of type-V collagen - [alpha 1(V)]2 alpha 2(V) and [alpha 1(V) alpha 2(V) alpha 3(V) - which have been separated on DEAE-cellulose. Uterus however appears to be the richest source of both HMW aggregates and the [alpha 1(V) alpha 2(V) alpha 3(V)] collagen, and a probable relationship between these collagens is discussed. PMID- 7115901 TI - Thermal denaturation of DNA: interferometric depolarized light-scattering study. PMID- 7115903 TI - The primary prostaglandin-inactivating enzyme of human placenta is a dimeric short-chain dehydrogenase. AB - The native form of NAD-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase of human placenta has a mol. wt. of about 50 000, while the subunit mol. wt. is around 28 000, suggesting a dimeric quaternary structure. These properties, the amino acid composition, insensitivity to EDTA, and inhibition patterns show general similarities to other short-chain dehydrogenases. Several hormones tested did not influence the activity of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase, but an unusual activation by two anti-depressant drugs was found and may relate to the existence of a natural regulatory factor. PMID- 7115904 TI - Drift of the TcPO2 measurement in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 7115905 TI - Trials of an acoustic transponding fish tag compass. AB - The instantaneous orientation of a fish can be determined by attaching a magnetic compass sensor to it and then by acoustically telemetering the information to a research vessel's electronic sector scanning sonar. The sensor is housed in a cylindrical capsule with an acoustic transponder to which it is electronically interconnected. Its size and weight are such that it can be fitted to fish of about 40 cm length and above. An operational life of 52 h is obtained from the tag when it is interrogated by the sonar at a consistent rate of 2 pulses s-1. If the rate is reduced by half, the life can be extended to about 68-70 h. Directional accuracy is limited to +/- 22.5 degrees by the physical size of components used in the sensor. Trials of the prototype are described. PMID- 7115907 TI - Flow measurements in the nose of unrestrained domestic rabbits: a pilot study. PMID- 7115906 TI - A field-portable, microprocessor-controlled, data processing and storing cardiotachometer. PMID- 7115908 TI - A microwave radiometric method for the study of the semiconductor properties of living tissue: its potential application to tumour location. AB - A microwave (MW) radiometric method for the study of the semiconductor properties of tissue is proposed. This method makes use of the nonlinear properties of tissue in conjunction with its radiative properties as described by blackbody theory. The region of the body under examination is illuminated by a monochromatic MW field which 'mixes' with the MW field generated by this region. This 'mixing' gives rise to an intermodulation spectrum which should be detectable by using a radiometer tuned to a predetermined difference frequency, or alternatively a sum frequency of the intermodulation spectrum. Potential applications to tumour location and tumour research are discussed. PMID- 7115909 TI - White hair: genetic and immunologic implications. PMID- 7115911 TI - Feeding problems in Robin anomalad: a report of 4 cases. PMID- 7115912 TI - Real-time ultrasonography for the prenatal diagnosis of facial clefts. PMID- 7115910 TI - Radiocephalometric findings in a family with craniofrontonasal dysplasia. PMID- 7115913 TI - Observations on the temporal muscle in craniosynostosis. PMID- 7115914 TI - Palatal and pharyngeal anomalies in craniofacial syndromes. PMID- 7115916 TI - [Lymph pressure dynamics in somatic and mesenteric lymphatic channels at rest and at the height of digestion]. AB - An original rapidly acting tensoresistive pressure transducer was used to study the lymph pressure in the popliteal and mesenteric lymph nodes and vessels of the dog without liquid injection into the lymph channels. The characteristics of the lymph flow in the drained organs was compared at a relative rest, while for the mesenteric lymph channels at the height of digestion. During digestion the lymph pressure in the vessels and nodes is 2-3 times higher than on an empty stomach, and the waves of tonic activity occur more frequently and energetically. The lymph pressure in the lymph nodes is lower than in the efferent vessels of these nodes. PMID- 7115915 TI - Orodental findings and genetic disorders. PMID- 7115917 TI - [Biological action of nitrosodimethylamine studied in different in vivo and in vitro experimental models]. AB - The biological effects of nitrosodimethylamine were studied and compared with the use of biochemical and cytological research methods in different laboratory models. Experiments were made with male and pregnant rats exposed to nitrosodimethylamine in vivo whereupon use was made of embryonic musculocutaneous tissue cell culture in vitro. The same line of changes seen in the activity of lysosomal hydrolases in conjunction with cytochromes P450 and b5 induction in liver chromosomes attests to the existence of common regularities in the biochemical mechanisms of nitrosodimethylamine detoxication in which there participate the endoplasmatic network and lysosomes. PMID- 7115918 TI - [Role of interstrain differences in the elaboration of stem cell inhibitory factor]. AB - Thymocytes of mice of different H-2 haplotypes are capable of releasing into culture medium an activity similar to that of stem cell inhibitory factor (SCIF) as regards suppressing action. All the test supernatants caused a decline in the number of hemopoietic colonies in the spleens of lethally irradiated (830 rad) syngeneic recipients. During study of the SCIF effect on bone marrow cells of different H-2 haplotypes, none of the strains appeared to be resistant to its action, which, probably, indicates the absence of genetic restriction of SCIF suppressive activity. Unlike migration inhibitory factor, SCIF does not appear to possess strain specificity. PMID- 7115919 TI - [Action of Bordetella pertussis vaccine on mouse hematopoietic stem cells]. AB - Intravenous inoculation of killed Bordetella pertussis vaccine into BALB/c, CBA, C57Bl/6 mice or (CBA x C57Bl/6) F2 hybrids 1 day or 3 days before sublethal irradiation (5.5 Gy) was shown to sharply increase the endogenous colony formation in the spleen 9 days after irradiation. Moreover, the CFUs content of the spleen and bone marrow was also enhanced 1 and 3 days after vaccination of the mice with 10(10) cells B. pertussis as revealed by the exocolonization technique (Till and McCulloch). Thus, a single injection of B. pertussis vaccine hastened the hematopoietic recovery after irradiation. PMID- 7115921 TI - [Analysis of the mast cell population in excitation and blockade of the anticoagulant system]. AB - Stimulation of the anticoagulation system with the structural analogs of alpha thrombin, DPP-alpha-thrombin and prothrombin I having no proteolytic activity leads, as is the case with alpha-thrombin, to a decrease in the heparin content in mast cells and to a concurrent rise in the blood level of the complex compounds of heparin and blood proteins. Morphometry disclosed a substantial shift of mast cell population towards the light, heparin-free forms. In the experimental animals, the index of mast cell saturation with heparin dropped below one. Heparin release by mast cells proceeded by the merocrine secretion type, largely at the expense of granulolysis, with the cell integrity being preserved. Degranulation was effected via the strong form. Intravenous injection to the animals of alpha-thrombin in the presence of the anticoagulation system blockade with chlorpromazine produced no similar changes in the mast cell population. PMID- 7115920 TI - [Effect of heparin on postradiation thymus recovery in mice with various degrees of radiosensitivity]. AB - BALB/c, random-bred and hybrid (CBA x C57Bl) F1 mice were exposed to a total single irradiation with CO60 gamma-rays (0.2 Gy/min) in doses of 4--6 Gy. Upon sublethal irradiation changes in the thymus mass were biphasic in nature. At the same time the degree of a secondary decrease in the thymus mass depended on radioresistance of the mice. On the 20th day after the irradiation the thymus mass in BALB/c mice (LD50/30 -- 6 Gy) reduced 3-fold, while that in mouse hybrids (LD50/30 -- 7 Gy) 2-fold. Upon heparin injection from day 5 to day 9 after the irradiation (250 units/kg once a day) the postradiation pattern of thymus mass recovery in radiosensitive BALB/c mice was similar to that seen in more resistant F1 hybrids. PMID- 7115922 TI - [Microspectrophotometric method of studying the nuclear DNA of lymphoid cells in the lymph nodes in systemic blood diseases]. AB - Basing on studies into nuclear DNA of lymphoid cells in histological sections of lymph nodes from patients with malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, chronic lymphatic leukemia and myeloma, a modified scanning integrating digital microspectrophotometer enables one to differentiate between these diseases in terms of the content of nuclear DNA in lymphoid cells. The minimal content of nuclear DNA was found in malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the maximal during myeloma, with this content ranking intermediate in chronic lymphatic leukemia. The data obtained might be used as additional criteria in diagnosing the diseases in question. PMID- 7115923 TI - [Prolonged posttetanic potentiation in the neurons of cultured hippocampal tissue]. AB - Long-lasting post-tetanic potentiation (LLPTP) of field potentials that lasted 1/2--4 hours was seen in vitro in hippocampal explants of 9--14-day-old mice on days 4--7 within CA1 and CA3 fields after tetanization of Schaffer's collaterals and mossy fibers. It is assumed that LLPTP is an intrinsic functional property of the hippocamp and might occur whatever afferent effects on the part of other brain structures. PMID- 7115924 TI - [Effect of hydrocortisone on the formation of osmotic concentration function in white rats]. AB - The age-associated time course of renal concentration function was studied in Wistar rats after a single injection of hydrocortisone (100 micrograms/100 g bw) or physiological saline (the control group) on the 5th day after birth. In the experimental rats aged 20--30 and 60 days, the intrarenal gradients of urea and the osmotic concentration index of the urine (U over P) osm increased, after the test injection of pituitrin P (500 microunits/100 g bw, s. c.), to a less extent than in the control animals. Under dehydration, (U over P) osm in the experimental group was found to be lower than in the controls, whereas the gradients of urea to differ negligibly. It is suggested that hydrocortisone injection in the early postnatal period leads to the decrease in the efficacy of renal concentration function because of changes in ADH reception or in activity of enzymes involved in the reaction to the hormone. PMID- 7115926 TI - [Effect of hyperactivation of the anterior amygdaloid nucleus on heart work in altered reactivity]. AB - It was shown in experiments on random-bred rats that changes in the heart reactivity caused by adrenaline, rausedyl, potassium chloride and strophanthine facilitate the occurrence of cardiac rhythm abnormalities during the creation of the generator of pathologically enhanced excitation (GPEE) in the anterior amygdaline nucleus. The moments of rhythm abnormalities correlate with the occurrence of GPEE epileptic activity. Meanwhile the pattern of cardiac rhythm abnormalities is largely determined by the specificity of action of the pharmacological substances indicated. Analogous effects of cardiac rhythm abnormality facilitation during GPEE creation in the nucleus were obtained in myocardial ischemia caused by the occlusion of the anterior or posterior left coronary artery. At the same time the differences were recorded in the pattern of cardiac rhythm abnormalities depending on the area of ischemia. The data obtained are discussed in the light of concepts of regulation diseases, particularly of the correlation between the role of determinant structures and reactivity disorders in the target organs. PMID- 7115925 TI - [Potentiation of the chronotropic reaction of the rabbit heart during nociceptive stimulation]. AB - Experiments with tricuran curarized rabbits have demonstrated that biphasic response that occurs during nociceptive limb stimulation (10--20 V) resulted in a short-term unmarked increase in the hear rate (HR) followed by a prolonged decline of the HR and then transforms to remarkable potentiation of the bradycardiac component upon rhythmic stimulation. The maximal potentiation develops within 15--40 s at a frequency of 2--01 Hz. This demonstrates a non liner correlation between the potentiation onset and the frequency increase within the ranges mentioned. After stimulation for 40--130 s there take place a noticeable decrease in the heart rate response and destruction of rhythmic reaction observed at a lower frequency, namely the response decline (habituation). At a lower frequency (less than 0.1 Hz) the potentiation develops within several minutes, reaches maximum in 150--250 s with the wave-like potentiation following. Thus, upon rare rhythmic nociceptive stimulation HR potentiation has an appreciable long-term effect when repeated many times, and affects the conditioning. PMID- 7115927 TI - [Prevention of postischemic reoxygenation disturbances of heart function by using adaptation to altitude hypoxia]. AB - The influence of adaptation to altitude hypoxia (2100 m) on rat myocardial contractility was examined during transitory ischemia induced by ligation of the descending branch of the left coronary artery and subsequent reperfusion. In control animals and those after adaptation, ischemia caused the same depression of heart function, while during reperfusion, the animals after adaptation, unlike the control ones, showed partial recovery of contractile function. Evaluation of heart function after ischemia and reperfusion demonstrated that the hearts of the animals after adaptation preserve the ability to bear the maximal isometric load on the level attained during adaptation to hypoxia, while the control animals experience substantial disorders of heart function because of ischemia and reperfusion. Thus, adaptation to altitude hypoxia increases the heart resistance to the damages that occur during reoxygenation. PMID- 7115928 TI - [Respiratory movements of the facial musculature and respiration resistance]. AB - Experiments were made on tracheotomized anesthetized rabbits. After trachea occlusion the increase in the nostril discharges becomes more remarkable than that in the diaphragm discharges. In the tracheotomized animals, the air passes into the lungs through the trachea. Nevertheless the respiratory movements of the facial muscles are of importance in the compensation of abnormalities caused by the increased respiratory resistance. Prevention of the respiratory movements of the face muscles results in a drastic increase in the inspiratory discharges of the diaphragm. PMID- 7115929 TI - [Use of hyperoxic mixtures for diagnosing latent disturbances in the external respiratory system]. AB - Blood gases, acid-base balance and the magnitude of the alveolocapillary gradient were studied in normal persons and in patients with chronic non-specific lung diseases breathing gas mixtures at PiO2 160--230--300--460--700 mm Hg. A graphic method was suggested for evaluating lung gas exchange disturbances by comparing PAO2 and PAO2. PMID- 7115930 TI - [Mechanisms of leukocyte formation of endogenous pyrogen]. AB - A study was made of the kinetics of endogenous pyrogen production by rabbit blood and exudate leukocytes and possible role played by the products of activated leukocytes in autoregulation of the process. It was established that accumulation of endogenous pyrogen in the cell precedes its release by stimulated cells. Then the processes of active pyrogen formation and release gel interdependent: pyrogen formed releases from the cell; the lowering of pyrogen concentration in the cell is accompanied by the decrease of its content in the medium. No stimulating effect of the products activated during leukocyte inflammation on pyrogen formation by blood leukocytes was discovered. PMID- 7115931 TI - [Stomach secretion and excretion in mineralocorticoid deficiency]. AB - Experiments on dogs were made to perform bilateral adrenalectomy and substitution therapy with hydrocortisone. Juice and acid secretion and neutral red excretion were found to be lowered after stimulation of secretion by meat and histamine. Excretion of ammonia after meat stimulation decreased, while after histamine administration it remained unchanged. PMID- 7115932 TI - [Modelling of acute liver failure in rabbits]. AB - A study was made of experimental acute liver failure induced in rabbits by administering D-galactosamine. Thirty-three rabbits were examined with the use of a set of the clinical, biochemical, electrophysiological and histomorphological methods. The results attest to the adequacy of the model studied to the tasks set up, since it provides for the reversibility of liver injuries, high reproducibility of the pathological process, death of the animal from the growing liver failure, large size of the experimental animal, the minimal risk for the laboratory staff and maximal approximation to the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis B in man. The evidence derived may be used for further development of the correcting pathogenetic therapy. PMID- 7115933 TI - [Toxic properties of rabbit and dog sera in controlled hyperthermia]. AB - Toxic properties of rabbit and dog serum were studied in mice with reticuloendothelial system blockade under controlled hyperthermia. A study was also made of mast cell degranulation in rats during hyperthermia. The controlled hyperthermia led to the appearance of toxic properties that were more pronounced in rabbits. On heating the response of mast cell degranulation in rats got intensified. The toxic properties correlated with the rate of degranulation. The latter circumstance evidences the systemic pattern of the pathogenesis of hyperthermia. PMID- 7115935 TI - [Transformation of the cholinonegative effect of atropine to a cholinopositive one on denervated human salivary gland under reflex stimulation]. AB - The possibility of inducing a special status of the salivary gland function has been demonstrated in 20 subjects with its denervation. This status is characterized by an immediate transformation of the cholinolytic response to atropine administration to the cholinomimetic one, extremely intense and durable, as a result of minimal reflex stimulation playing a role of the inducing agent. PMID- 7115934 TI - [Hypoglycemic effect of excess thyroid hormones in insulin deficiency]. AB - In experiments on rats with severe streptozotocin diabetes, administration of high doses of L-thyroxine reduces hyperglycemia and glucosuria. It is postulated that glucose utilization by extrahepatic tissues does not depend on direct insulin action and that the Randle cycle is ineffective in hypermetabolism. PMID- 7115936 TI - [Effect of inotropic factors in the postload characteristics of the heart]. AB - It was shown in acute experiments on cats that the post-exercise characteristics of the left ventricle plotted as a dependence between the magnitudes of the maximal blood flow velocity and systolic intraventricular pressure in health and inotropic exposures are close to the linear ones. Adrenaline shifts the post exercise characteristics upward and to the right, increasing both the maximal magnitude of the blood flow velocity at a zero pressure (velocity component) and the maximal magnitude of the pressure at a zero blood flow (force component), the latter rising to a greater extent. Calcium chloride and obsidan cause a parallel shift of the post-exercise characteristics: the force and velocity components diminish upon obsidan administration, while with CaCl2 they increase. PMID- 7115937 TI - [Effect of nalorphine and naloxone on the course of electric pain shock in rabbits]. AB - Electrical stimulation of the rabbit sciatic nerve resulted in the development of shock. Injection of physiological saline (1 ml, i. v.) did not change the progressive fall of the blood pressure or depression of palpitation and respiration. The animals died 135--191 min after discontinuance of the stimulation. Injection of nalorphine (0.4 mg/kg, i. v.) or naloxone (0.1 mg/kg i. v.) greatly improved the animals' condition. The blood pressure, palpitation and respiration returned to normal in 90--120 min after the injections. No lethal cases were recorded in this group of animals. It was shown in a supplementary group of animals that naloxone did not change the reserpine-produced hypotension. PMID- 7115938 TI - [Dispersion analysis used for assessing the anticonvulsant activity of 1,4 benzodiazepines]. AB - A study was made of the time course of alterations in the convulsant activity of corazol after injection to mice of 1,4-benzodiazepine derivatives with different chemical structure. Significant anticonvulsant effect of benzodiazepines was observed for 5--120 minutes and was regarded a dynamic index. The maximal action of the drugs was observed within 15--30 minutes. The most pronounced anticonvulsant action was recorded after administering phenazepam and its 3 hydroxyderivative. The dependence of the anticonvulsant effect on the time of experiment and structure of the test compounds was examined by single-factor analysis of variance. The results demonstrate the relationship of differences in the anticonvulsant effects to the time factor and differences in the structure of the test compounds. PMID- 7115939 TI - [Mechanism of the species characteristics of the sensitivity of monkeys and dogs to the emetic action of various pharmacological agents]. AB - Monkey and dog sensitivity to the emetics that stimulate catecholamino- and serotoninoreactive structures of the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) of the vomiting center has been studied. It has been found that the monkeys are sensitive to the vomiting effect of serotonin agonists, while the dogs to the stimulants of the dopamino- and adrenoreceptors of the CTZ. At the same time both the monkeys and dogs are equally sensitive to the emetic action of sodium salicylate. The latter's effect has been shown to be realized via the serotoninergic structures of the CTZ in the monkeys, and via the adrenergic structures in the dogs. It is suggested that specific features of the monkey and dog responses to administration of central emetics are determined by the differences in the neurochemical structure of the CTZ, particularly by the prevalence of the serotonin- or catecholamine-containing neurons. PMID- 7115940 TI - [Noncholinesterase component in the molecular mechanism of action of the cholinesterase reactivator dipyroxime]. AB - While changing the structure of the superficial layers of the serum albumin molecule, the cholinesterase reactivator dipyroxime increases the protein binding capacity as regards the organophosphorus poison dimethyldichlorovinyl phosphate. This may be conductive to the reduction of the latter's acute toxicity. PMID- 7115945 TI - [Characteristics of hematopoietic system reactions of newborn and adult mice to the growth of syngeneic hepatoma H-2-73]. AB - The growth of syngeneic hepatoma H-2-73 in adult (CBA x C57BL/6j) F1 mice leads to the development of leukemoid response that is manifested by leukocytosis, splenomegaly and a considerable increase in the content of lymphoid cells in the spleen. Meanwhile the newborn recipients of the tumor do not develop leukemoid response but manifest physiological changes in the hemopoietic tissue normally occurring within the first weeks after birth. The sensitized cells of the spleen of the adult tumor-bearing mice enhance tumor growth in the newborn recipients and inhibit it in the adult mice. Spleen cells of normal adult donors do not affect tumor growth in the newborn recipients. The data obtained suggest that the opposite effect of the transferred sensitized spleen cells from the adult animals on tumor growth in the newborn and adult mice is related to the age-associated features of the immune system of recipient mice. PMID- 7115942 TI - [Effect of acetylcholine, histamine and serotonin on the myoelectrical activity of the stomach and small intestine in waking dogs]. AB - Acetylcholine, histamine and serotonin injected intravenously to conscious dogs stimulated myoelectric activity in the distal part of the stomach more intensely than in the proximal one. Acetylcholine and serotonin were more powerful stimulators as regards the proximal part of the small intestine, while histamine as regards the distal part. It is suggested that selective action of the drugs might result from the proximodistal gradient of the physiologically active substances along the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 7115943 TI - [Effect of rabbit serum against mouse brain on bone marrow cells forming granulocyte-macrophage colonies in in vitro and in vivo agar cultures]. AB - Pretreatment of mouse bone marrow cells with rabbit antiserum to mouse brain (RAMB) decreases the capacity of these cells to form granulocyte-macrophage colonies in agar culture in vivo (CFU-DC) and does not affect the formation of colonies in agar culture in vitro (CFU-C). Mouse bone marrow CFU-DC are analogous to the pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells (CFU-C) forming spleen colonies in lethally irradiated mice as regards the ability for being inactivated with RAMB but differ from CFU-C. CFU-DC were found in the mouse thymocyte population. PMID- 7115941 TI - [Regulation of the femoral artery diameter during changes in the rate of flow of perfusion solutions]. AB - It was shown in acute experiments on cats that the femoral artery under constant pressure in its lumen changes its diameter in response to variations in the velocity of both the blood and perfusion solutions. This permits the conclusion that chemical factors of the blood are not responsible for dilatation reactions of the large arteries which appear in response to the increases in the flow rate. PMID- 7115944 TI - [Antiradical activity and sulfhydryl group concentration in normal and tumor tissue]. AB - In cytosol of normal and tumor tissues obtained from rats and hamsters, antiradical activity (ARA) of bioantioxidants was assayed by the method of Glavind, while the content of sulfhydryl groups by the method of Ellman. ARA of normal tissues (liver, kidneys, stomach, large intestine, femoral muscles) was lower than the content of free SH-groups. The difference between the magnitudes under consideration was always negative in all the test tissues. In tumors of the liver, stomach, kidneys, large intestine and femoral muscle induced in rats and hamsters by chemical carcinogens, there was an increase in ARA from 21 to 125.8% as compared with respective normal tissues. The difference between ARA and the content of SH-groups in the tumors was always positive. It might be assumed that in normal tissues, ARA is primarily determined by sulfhydryl compounds. Meanwhile, apart from SH-containing compounds, the other substances also take part in the control of ARA. PMID- 7115946 TI - [Changes, in the course of 24 hours, in the duration of the mitotic cycle S and G2 periods in mono- and binuclear hepatocytes of normal and thyroxinized rats]. AB - The authors studied diurnal changes of ts and tG2 in the live of intact rats and of those given thyroxine during 6 days. Duration of S-phase changes from 8.0 to 9.8 h in mononuclear cells and from 7.0 to 9.1 h in binuclear cells of control animals. tG2 alters from 3.3 to 4.4 and from 3.0 to 4.6, respectively. Prolonged administration of thyroxine induced decrease of tG2 in both populations of hepatocytes. It has been established for both groups of cells that the length of S-phase is shortened or prolonged during 24 hours. The alterations in the thyroxine-treated animals are 7.0--11.4 and 5.4--9.6 hours in mono- and binuclear cells, respectively. The prolonged administration of the hormone induced more synchronous changes in S-phase during 24 hours in both populations of hepatocytes. PMID- 7115948 TI - First announcement of the Fanconi anemia International Registry. PMID- 7115947 TI - [Intensified capacity of the lymphocytes of mice with repeated liver resection to transfer "regenerative information"]. AB - It has been found that after extirpation of one liver lobe the lymphocytes of CBA mice did not stimulate the mitotic activity in the liver cells of non-operated syngeneic recipients. On the other hand, following single extirpation of 2/3 of the liver and after two-stage (with a 20-day break) removal of 2 liver lobes, mouse lymphocytes significantly stimulated the proliferative activity in the recipients' hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. The stimulation was organ-specific, since there was no variation in the mitotic index of renal cells in the experimental groups compared with controls. These data agree with the concept of the immune character of the capacity of lymphocytes to transfer "regenerative information". PMID- 7115949 TI - Cumulative experience with a simplified solid-phase radioimmunoassay for the detection of bound antiplatelet IgG, serum auto-, allo-, and drug-dependent antibodies. AB - A simplified, sensitive, solid-phase radioimmunoassay employing 125I staphylococcal protein A has been developed that is capable of detecting bound antiplatelet IgG as well as serum auto-, allo-, and drug-dependent antiplatelet antibodies. The simplified assay employs a ratio of test over control platelet counts per minute (cpm) for detection of positive results. All reagents are commercially available. The assay can be performed with as little as 10(6) washed platelets (10 microliters of whole blood) that have been stored for as long as 8 wk at 4 degrees C in microtiter plates. The assay time, employing stored platelets, is 4 hr. Bound platelet IgG is positive in 93% of 46 thrombocytopenic patients with autoimmune disease and correlates inversely with their platelet count, r = -0.65, p less than 0.001. The ability of this assay to detect serum antibody was studied with a rabbit anti-human platelet antibody capable of giving optimal immunoprecipitation with solubilized platelet membranes at a tier of 1:10. The present assay increases the sensitivity of antibody detection 256-fold to a titer of 1:2560. Human serum antiplatelet membrane antibody was positive in 2 of 2 patients with anti-PLA-1 antibody (titers of 1:256 and greater than 1:64); 7 of 12 multiply transfused patients who were refractory to platelet transfusion (2 had titers of greater than 1:256 and greater than 1:32); 5 of 19 patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (2 had titers of 1:64 and 1:32); and 10 of 14 patients with clinical histories of drug-dependent antiplatelet antibody (2 had titers of 1:1280 for quinidine and 1:384 for phenazopyridine). PMID- 7115950 TI - Immunologic and clinical effects of repeated blood exchange in familial erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. AB - Depressed cellular immune function and increased susceptibility to infection characterize familial erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FEL), a usually fatal autosomal recessive disease. One component of the immunodeficiency is plasma-mediated inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation. We have tested whether repeated plasma or blood exchange would decrease plasma inhibitory activity and improve cellular immune function in FEL. Following this treatment, reduction in plasma inhibitory activity, reversal of depressed antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferative responses and monocyte antibody-dependent cytotoxic function in vitro, and clinical improvement were complete in two and partial in one of three patients studied. Relapse, which was ultimately fatal, was associated with recurrence of the immune defects. These findings suggest that cellular immunodeficiency in FEL is acquired and possibly related to circulating immunosuppressive activity, the removal of which is associated with transient immunologic and clinical recovery. PMID- 7115951 TI - Expression of a chronic granulomatous disease-like defect by fluoride-exhausted neutrophils. AB - Neutrophils incubated with 20 mM F- express a respiratory burst without degranulating or performing phagocytosis. After 60 min of F- treatment, the burst is exhausted and cannot be restarted. Neutrophils so treated have a microbicidal defect similar to that of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD): they kill Str. mitis at a nearly normal rate, but show a marked impairment in the destruction of S. aureus. They differ from CGD neutrophils in that they also display a defect in motility. This defect, however, is not so severe as to seriously impair their ability to kill bacteria by mechanisms that are independent of endogenously generated microbicidal oxidants. PMID- 7115952 TI - The clearance of 131I-human plasma ferritin in man. AB - Ferritin was purified 33,000-fold from the plasma of patients with idiopathic hemochromatosis. The plasma ferritin was labeled with 131I and injected into 2 normal men. Clearance was found to be relatively slow, with 50% 131I-ferritin remaining in the plasma at 27-30 hr. The fraction of plasma ferritin that bound to concanavalin-A was found to be cleared more slowly than the nonbinding fraction. These findings confirm our previous suggestion that glycosylation is a major factor prolonging the survival of ferritin in the plasma, but differ from the results of earlier studies in experimental animals and preterm infants, which indicated very rapid plasma ferritin turnover. PMID- 7115953 TI - Isolation of human platelet membrane microparticles from plasma and serum. AB - Methods have been developed to isolate human platelet membrane fragments from plasma and serum. Rabbit antibody produced against the human platelet membrane glycoprotein complex, IIb/IIIa, was utilized in an immunoelectrophoretic assay to evaluate the amount of this antigen in various microparticle preparations. The serum concentration of platelet microparticles was more than tenfold greater than that observed for plasma (65 micrograms/ml versus 4.4 micrograms/ml, respectively). Ultrastructural evaluation of either plasma or serum-derived microparticles disclosed a variety of membrane fragments and membrane-bound vesicles with occasional fragments of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. In contrast, microparticle preparations derived from isolated washed platelets after thrombin stimulation contained a heterogeneous array of membrane fragments, vesicles, and granules but no identifiable red cell, white cell, or platelet fragments. Thus, these studies demonstrate that normal human plasma and serum contain platelet membrane fragments that are produced during cell activation. If a similar loss of platelet membranes occurs in vivo following reversible platelet activation, it is possible that the resulting membrane modifications may be of importance in both the structural and functional changes that develop during platelet senescence. PMID- 7115954 TI - Karyotypic polymorphism in acute myelofibrosis. AB - Acute myelofibrosis (AMF) was diagnosed in a 59-yr-old black male in September 1978, on the basis of pancytopenia, lack of hepatosplenomegaly, fibrosis of the marrow, and paucity of teardrop red blood cells in the peripheral blood. Since then the patient has demonstrated an unusually long survival of 36 mo with a changing cytogenetic course. His initial 46, XY normal karyotype changed in 20 mo to trisomy 8, followed 1 yr later by 1:4 translocation in peripheral blood. Simultaneously with these changes, the fibrosis in the bone marrow progressively decreased, ultimately terminating in chronic granulocytic leukemia-like presentation with reversal to 46, XY karyotype. Fibroblast culture failed to show any evidence of cytogenetic abnormalities. The disappearance of fibrosis confirmed by trichrome and reticulin stains and lack of cytogenetic abnormalities in fibroblasts confirms the secondary role of fibrosis. PMID- 7115955 TI - Modulation of murine erythropoiesis in vitro by syngeneic thymocytes: interactions of enhancing and suppressing subpopulations with fluorescent anti theta antibody and polyamino acids. AB - As we have shown previously, cocultures of bone marrow cells with large numbers of syngeneic thymocytes enhance erythroid colony formation in plasma clots, whereas cocultures with low numbers of thymocytes suppress erythroid colony formation. In this article, we present evidence that the enhancing and suppressing functions of thymocytes are most likely mediated by at least two separate subpopulations. When thymocytes were fractionated on the basis of cell surface density of the theta antigen, enhancing cells were limited to the high theta density fraction, whereas suppressing cells were accumulated in the low theta density fraction. When thymocytes were fractionated on the basis of negative surface charge, the enhancing cells were recovered among the more negatively charged cells. A short in vitro incubation with polyamino acids selectively abrogated the suppressor function. PMID- 7115956 TI - Myeloma protein kinetics following chemotherapy. AB - The effects of chemotherapy were evaluated in 43 multiple myeloma patients with high monoclonal globulin levels in both serum and urine. In responding patients, Bence Jones protein excretion declined more rapidly and markedly than the serum myeloma protein. Bence Jones protein excretion was reduced by 50% within 2 mo in responders, remained unchanged in nonresponders, and declined with a slow halving time of 2-7 mo in patients with partial disease control. Three patients with clinical resistance to treatment showed atypical protein changes and progressively more Bence Jones protein excretion relative to their serum monoclonal component. Serial measurements of Bence Jones protein excretion provided an early and reliable index of tumor mass change in patients with multiple myeloma. PMID- 7115957 TI - Glycogenolysis versus glucose transport in human granulocytes: differential activation in phagocytosis and chemotaxis. AB - Granulocytes depend primarily on anaerobic glycolysis to supply the necessary energy for locomotion and chemotaxis. Either transmembrane transport of extracellular glucose or catabolism of intracellular glucose can supply glycolytic substrate. In this report, using enzymatic analysis of granulocyte glycogen, we describe conditional requirements for glycogenolysis, namely phagocytosis. With abundant extracellular glucose, granulocyte glycogen content (12.2 +/- 1.6 micrograms/10(6) cells) is not depleted whether or not incubations include various soluble chemotaxins (e.g., FMLP, C5ades arg, arachidonic acid). These chemotaxins accelerate transmembrane glucose uptake. With near complete absence (less than 6 mg/dl) of extracellular glucose, both resting and chemotaxin (FMLP, C5ades arg, arachidonic acid) stimulated granulocytes catabolize significant endogenous glycogen. Phagocytosis, however, fails to enhance glucose uptake and promotes glycogen consumption even with abundant extracellular glucose. Simple particle-phagocyte attachment without internalization (produced by cytochalasin-B) also promoted glycogen consumption, suggesting that this membrane deformation alone is a sufficient trigger for glycogenolysis. Resting or chemotactic granulocytes, therefore, can adapt their energy source pending extracellular glucose availability--often compromised at inflammatory sites-while phagocytic cells depend primarily, if not exclusively, on endogenous glycogen stores. This differential metabolic activation defends the granulocytes energy supply and may be critical in supporting antimicrobial activity in acute inflammation. PMID- 7115958 TI - Further studies on the interaction between human platelet membrane glycoproteins IIb and IIIa in triton X-100. AB - Analysis of human platelet membrane proteins by crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) in the presence of Triton X-100 (TX-100) has previously shown that glycoproteins (GP) IIb and IIIa are located in a single immunoprecipitate, band 16.2 To investigate whether IIb and IIIa are associated in a complex, we have analyzed TX-100-solubilized 125I-labeled membrane proteins by density gradient ultracentrifugation using 10%-40% sucrose gradients containing the nonionic detergent. studies were performed using soluble proteins derived from membranes isolated in the presence or absence of EDTA. Analysis of gradient fractions by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that in the absence of divalent cation chelation, GP IIb and IIIa penetrated well into the gradient (fractions 15 17). Analysis of fractions 15-17 by CIE revealed the presence of band 16. In contrast, when the membrane proteins were incubated with EDTA prior to or after TX-100 solubilization, IIb and IIIa remained near the top of the gradient (fractions 8-11) and gave separate immunoprecipitates during CIE. Incubation of washed platelet lysates with leupeptin, an inhibitor of the Ca2+-dependent protease of human platelets, had no effect on the shape of the band 16 immunoprecipitate. Thus, for the first time, direct evidence has been obtained that GP IIb and IIIa may form a divalent cation-mediated complex. Calibration of the sedimentation profiles using proteins of known molecular weight suggests that the complex is of limited size. Indirect evidence suggests that the complex is a heterodimer. PMID- 7115959 TI - An investigation into the role of coagulation factor XIII in ADP-induced aggregation and fibrinogen binding with rabbit platelets. AB - Because there was a possibility that activated factor XIII (factor XIIIa) might stabilize a platelet-fibrinogen aggregate through its crosslinking action, we have isolated plasma factor XIII, activated it, and studied the effect of factor XIIIa at a concentration of 3.3 micrograms/ml on aggregation and 125I-fibrinogen binding of rabbit platelets stimulated with 9 microM ADP. Factor XIIIa did not cause aggregation in the absence of ADP, nor did it enhance ADP-induced aggregation or substantially stabilize the platelet aggregate. The presence of factor XIIIa did not affect the amount of fibrinogen bound to platelets immediately after stimulation with ADP, but it appeared to cause a slow specific binding of 125I-fibrinogen to platelets whether or not they were stimulated with ADP. This binding, which was not inhibited by prostaglandin E1, did not lead to aggregation and was accompanied by crosslinking of fibrinogen through its A alpha and gamma chains, either to other fibrinogen molecules or to a platelet protein or proteins. PMID- 7115960 TI - Characteristic abnormality of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate metabolism in megaloblastic anemia. AB - To elucidate the biochemical basis of megaloblastic hematopoiesis, the cellular content and metabolism of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) were investigated using the bone marrow cells from nine patients with untreated vitamin B12 deficiency and one with folic acid deficiency. The marked imbalance among four dNTPs was noted in all patients. dTTP was invariably elevated rather than depressed. The most striking abnormality, however, was the excessive accumulation of dCTP, which represented the consistent feature exclusive for megaloblastic anemia. Purine nucleotides were also involved to a lesser extent. The apparent turnover pattern of the dTTP pool of megaloblastic anemia marrow cells, in the presence or absence of hydroxyurea, did not differ significantly from that of normoblastic hematopoiesis. The megaloblastic cells assimilated exogenous thymidine into dTTP pool in vitro with enhanced efficiency. It was suggested that the excessive accumulation of dCTP may be related more closely to the pathogenesis of megaloblastic hematopoiesis than to the presumed but not proved deficiency of dTTP. PMID- 7115961 TI - Effect of heparin on the inactivation rate of human factor XIa by antithrombin III. AB - Factor XIa catalyzes an important reaction in the early phase of blood coagulation by converting factor IX to an active enzyme (factor IXa). Although antithrombin-III, an inhibitor of factor XIa, normally accounts for only one sixth of the plasma inhibitory activity against factor XIa, its effectiveness has been reported to be enhanced by heparin. We have reinvestigated the ability of heparin to potentiate factor XIa inhibition by both purified antithrombin-III and plasma using synthetic tripeptide amide substrates as well as a coagulant assay. No increase in the inactivation rate of factor XIa amidolytic activity by purified antithrombin-III was observed in the presence of therapeutic heparin concentrations (1 U/ml), although inhibition of the amidolytic activity of thrombin by purified antithrombin-III was enhanced at least 20-fold by the same concentration of heparin. Furthermore, despite the ability of heparin (1 U/ml) to increase the inactivation rate of thrombin by plasma, no acceleration of the rate of inhibition of factor XIa by plasma was observed. Similar results were found when the inhibition of factor XIa was monitored with a coagulant assay after first removing the heparin. Only at heparin concentrations of 5 and 10 U/ml, was a 2- and 4-fold increase in the inactivation rate of factor XIa by purified antithrombin III observed. Therefore, in both purified systems as well as plasma, heparin, at concentrations observed in clinical practice, does not accelerate the inactivation rate of human factor XIa by antithrombin-III. PMID- 7115962 TI - Aneuploidy and percentage of S-phase cells determined by flow cytometry correlate with cell phenotype in childhood acute leukemia. AB - Cellular DNA content distributions of propidium-iodide-stained bone marrow blasts were determined by flow cytometry (FCM) for 225 untreated children with acute leukemia and were correlated with leukemia cell phenotype and karyotype. Aneuploidy of the primary malignant stem line was detected in 54 cases (24%): 51 hyperdiploid and 3 hypodiploid. A second stem line with approximately twice the DNA content of the primary stem line was recognized by FCM in 28 cases (23 ALL, 5 ANLL) and may be an important source of leukemia cell heterogeneity. The degree of DNA content abnormality detected by FCM was highly correlated (r = 0.98) with the number of whole chromosome gains or losses in the leukemia karyotype. Aneuploidy detectable by FCM was more frequent in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (52 of 173, 30.1%) than in acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (2 of 52, 3.8%) (p less than 0.001). In the ALL group, aneuploidy was significantly correlated with the cell surface expression of common ALL antigen: 46 of 127 antigen positive cases were aneuploid compared to 6 of 46 antigen-negative cases (p less than 0.003). Only 2 of 21 cases of T-cell ALL without common ALL antigen had detectable aneuploidy, which was significantly less than in the common ALL group (p = 0.02). The median percentage of cells in S-phase was significantly greater for B-cell and erythrocyte rosette-positive T-cell ALL, than for the other phenotypic subgroups. We conclude that aneuploidy and S-phase cell percentage are correlated with the state of leukemia cell differentiation. The biologic basis for the correlation is not established, but may be linked to the process of malignant transformation. PMID- 7115963 TI - Syndrome of neutrophil agranulocytosis, hypogammaglobulinemia, and thymoma. AB - The clinical, hematologic, and immunologic findings of a syndrome of agranulocytosis, hypogammaglobulinemia, and thymoma are described. Neutrophil agranulocytosis predisposing to severe infectious disease resulted from a deficiency of mature cells in bone marrow. Autologous and heterologous stem cell growth in vitro was inhibited by the patient's serum. Immunoglobulin deficiency was secondary to the absence of peripheral blood B lymphocytes, while T-cell subpopulations and cellular immunity were present. Surgical removal of a spindle cell thymoma had no effect on the agranulocytosis and B-cell deficiency. The hematologic findings did not respond to steroid therapy and cyclophosphamide. However, the agranulocytosis improved with repeated plasmapheresis and the patient achieved a clinical remission. PMID- 7115964 TI - The subcellular particulate NADPH-dependent O2.(-)-generating oxidase from human blood monocytes: comparison to the neutrophil system. AB - Highly purified preparations of normal human monocytes obtained from peripheral blood were shown to contain a subcellular particulate O2.(-)-generating oxidase system. This O2.(-)-generating activity was present in particulate preparations from monocytes that had been previously stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate but was low or absent in control preparations from unstimulated monocytes or stimulated monocytes from a patient with chronic granulomatous disease. In the stimulated preparations from normal monocytes, O2.(-)-generation was linearly proportional to cell protein concentration, insensitive to inhibition by azide, and dependent on NADPH as substrate. These characteristics are similar to the O2.(-)-generating oxidase system from human neutrophils. A significant difference in the apparent Km for NADPH was shown between preparations from stimulated monocytes and neutrophils (monocyte 83 +/- 16 microM, neutrophil 31 +/- 5 microM, mean +/- SE). Additionally, affinity of the stimulated monocyte particulate preparation for NADH was unmeasurably low. PMID- 7115965 TI - Erythropoietin production in response to anemia or hypoxia in the newborn rat. AB - Erythropoietin production in response to hypoxic-hypoxia is markedly reduced in the newborn when compared to the adult rat. This response improves steadily with age and reaches adult values at about 4 wk. When animals of the same age are stimulated with anemic-hypoxia, considerably higher levels of erythropoietin are found. The erythropoietin level is proportional to the degree of anemia and independent of the age of the animal. Extraction of erythropoietin from tissue homogenates revealed a parallelism between the plasma and kidney erythropoietin content, while no erythropoietin could be extracted from liver tissue at any age. The lack of response to hypoxia in the newborn appears to be related to the high hemoglobin oxygen affinity during the neonatal period, which facilitates oxygen loading. Newborn rats have a very low intraerythrocytic concentration of 2-3 DPG and a marked shift to the left in the oxygen hemoglobin dissociation curve that slowly increases to adult values at 4 wk of age. The response to anemia on the other hand, appears to be normal and not affected by age or by hemoglobin oxygen affinity. These studies suggest that the newborn rat, when properly stimulated, is able to produce normal amounts of erythropoietin, most likely renal in origin. PMID- 7115966 TI - The effects of thrombopoietin on megakaryocyte-cfc, megakaryocytes, and thrombopoiesis: with studies of ploidy and platelet size. PMID- 7115967 TI - Evaluation of erythropoiesis in long-term hamster bone marrow suspension cultures: absence of a requirement for adherent monolayer cells. AB - In long-term hamster bone marrow cultures, proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic stem cells occurs for several months without need for hydrocortisone or adherent stromal elements, which are requirements for bone marrow growth in all other species studied. Only the most primitive erythroid progenitors (BFU-E) are produced in the cultures. Following treatment of the cells with erythropoietin, these progenitor cells undergo differentiation into mature hemoglobinized red blood cells. Concomitant addition of erythropoietin (Epo) and prostaglandin-E1 (PGE1) results in the production of large numbers of maturing red blood cells. In cultures stimulated with Epo and PGE1, as many as 70% of the cells are benzidine-positive, while Epo alone stimulated as many as 45% of the cells to become erythroid. Epo and PGE1 do not have any apparent deleterious effect on the continuous hemopoiesis occurring in these cultures. Under identical conditions, syngeneic adherent cell cultures do not produce any erythroid elements. The development of mature red blood cells from primitive erythroid precursors occurs in the presence of Epo alone and without any apparent need for adherent stromal elements. These cultures provide a useful in vitro model for dissecting the positive and negative signals that regulate erythropoiesis. PMID- 7115968 TI - Sickle cells (I). Proceedings of a symposium: Rheological aspects of sickle cell disease, an interdisciplinary conference. June 7-9, 1981, Airlie House, Virginia. PMID- 7115969 TI - Increased blood viscosity in a patient with sickle cell anemia. AB - Although intracellular viscosity is greatly increased in deoxygenated sickle cells, the viscosity of blood is not, because patients' packed cell volumes (PCV) are usually extremely low (15-25%). A young women with sickle cell anemia was admitted with a typical painful crisis, and was found to have a PCV of 39% with a reticulocyte count of 3.6%. During a hospitalization of 48 h, the PCV rose to 46%; her pain subsided but her behavior became bizarre, cardiopulmonary arrest occurred, and she could not be resuscitated. At autopsy, no abnormalities were found except for congested blood vessels containing sickle cells. It was subsequently discovered that she and her family had been exposed to carbon monoxide for a week prior to admission. Blood samples from another patient studied with a PCV of 40% showed progressively decreased viscosity if they contained 13-20% carboxyhemoglobin. It is suggested that preexisting accelerated erythropoesis was further stimulated by CO, and caused "compensatory polycythemia", but that the CO prevented most of the newly formed cells from sickling and being destroyed. Admission to hospital caused a gradual disappearance of CO but the patient's PXV continued to rise. Her death may have been due to a rare form of hyperviscosity syndrome, when the level of carboxyhemoglobin in her blood fell to more normal levels and her cells regained the ability to sickle. Treatment of sickle cell anemia with an effective non covalently bound agent could have a similar effect, if the agent were withdrawn abruptly. PMID- 7115970 TI - Microvascular determinants of blood flow behavior and HbSS erythrocyte plugging in microcirculation. PMID- 7115971 TI - Vascular resistance and transit time of sickle red blood cells. AB - Changes in vascular resistance and mean transit time caused by the introduction either normal or sickled red blood cells (SSRBC) into the circulation were measured in the coronary and mesenteric vascular beds. The cat mesentery was perfused at constant flow through the superior mesenteric artery with a Ringer solution containing albumin. A rise in input pressure was observed after introducing RBC's. (10% hematocrit) at a constant rate, into the perfusate. The pressure rise caused by SSRBC's relative to that caused by normal RBC's represents the relative change in vascular resistance caused by the former cells as the perfusion flow was the same for both infusions. Similar measurements were performed in Ringer's perfused rabbit hearts in vitro. SSRBC's produced a 2 +/- 0.12 (M +/- SE) times relative increase in resistance in the mesentery and a 4 +/ 0.5 times increase in the coronary vasculature. Mean transit time, t was measured by monitoring the light transmission change caused by the injection of a small amount of RBC's into the arterial side of a Ringer's perfused rabbit heart. For normal RBC's t was 3.67 +/- 0.08 s and it rose to 6.1 +/- 0.6 s when SSRBC's were used. The simultaneous measurement of both mean transit time and pressure rise may help to identify the cell changes that cause circulatory impairment is SS cell anemia patients and it may also provide a convenient index to relate with the severity of the crisis. PMID- 7115972 TI - Theoretical models of capillary flow. AB - Mathematical models of capillary blood flow are described consisting of axisymmetric particles in cylindrical tubes. The blood cells are modelled by elastic sphere, rigid red blood cells and normal flexible red blood cells. The results show that the deformability of red blood cells is important in reducing the apparent viscosity in capillary blood flow. PMID- 7115973 TI - Diffusion and convection in the capillaries in sickle-cell disease. AB - A model has been developed which couples the transport of oxygen in the capillaries to the motion of sickle cells. A Krogh model is used to model the oxygen transport, while the motion of the HbSS red cells is assumed to be determined by lubrication theory. Reversibly sickled cells are considered, with an assumed dependence of their compliance, or deformability, on the PO2 level. The model predicts that when the pressure gradient driving the cells in the capillary has normal values the cells move faster than normal cells and exit the capillary at relatively high PO2 levels, higher than for normal cells under the same conditions. This is due primarily to the much lower hematocrit typical of sickle-cell disease. Under conditions of reduced driving pressure gradient the situation changes, the cell velocity falls proportionally by an even greater amount, as do the PO2 levels, conditions conducive to the development of the deleterious effects associated with sickling. These results suggest that whereas the compensatory mechanisms in sickle-cell disease are adequate under normal conditions, they may fail under conditions which reduce the pressure gradient across the capillaries, such as vasoconstriction of the arterioles. PMID- 7115974 TI - Erythrocyte/endothelial interactions in the pathogenesis of sickle-cell disease: a "real logical" assessment. AB - Unconvinced that the pathophysiology of sickle-cell disease is fully explained by traditional rheologic considerations, we have searched for additional factors which might be implicated in the development of acute vasocclusive crises in this disease. Sickle RBC adhere abnormally to cultured human vascular endothelial cells, an abnormality requiring neither deoxygenation nor frank morphologic distortion of the RBC. This adherence appears to be caused by an aberrancy of RBC surface charge topography on sickle RBC. Propensity for RBC adherence individual. Among patients with sickle cell anemia, frequency of acute vasocclusive crises correlates significantly with RBC adherence to endothelium. Patients with the clinically less severe doubly heterozygous sickling disorders have a lesser RBC adherence to endothelium than do patients with sickle-cell anemia. RBC/endothelial interactions are modified by factors in the RBC's environment such as fibrinogen, providing a possible mechanism by which concurrent illness might predispose towards the development of vasocclusion. We hypothesize that sickle RBC adherence to endothelium is the factor which initiates acute vasocclusion in sickle-cell disease, either by primarily occluding small vessels or by slowing microvascular blood flow so that secondary, reversible RBC sickling can occur. PMID- 7115975 TI - Quantitation of red cell deformability during progressive deoxygenation and oxygenation in sickling disorders (the use of an automated Ektacytometer). AB - 1. The Ektacytometer, which allows quantitation of cell fluidity under known environmental conditions, has been recently modified so that cells can be exposed to any desired O2 tension during shear stress. 2. Heterozygotes (HbAS)show a pO2 vs deformability curve which varies from patient to patient in relation to the quantity of HbS. In the high viscosity medium used for this measurement, erythrocytes are normally deformable at any pO2 from 5 mmHg to normoxic conditions, at physiologic pH [7.3] and osmolarity (290 mOsm Kg-1). Modulation of the pH and osmolarity induces cell rigidity at different pO2 below 40 mmHg. 3. Homozygotes (HbSS) blood contains heterogeneous erythrocyte populations from the reticulocytes to abnormally dense cells (heterogeneity in cell volume, Hb concentration, shape, etc.). After separation by differential centrifugation, the various fractions each show a characteristic response to pO2 changes, pH, osmolarity and other parameters, which are specific to each patient and his pathological status at a given time. 4. This method was used to evaluate the activity of anti-sickling drugs. In addition, the action of such compounds on normal cells gives information on the mechanism of activity (changes in volume, in oxygen affinity, membrane properties or other--yet poorly explored- parameters). 5. This new application of the Ektacytometer may be of value for a) evaluating anti-sickling drugs and designing new therapeutic modalities, b) monitoring therapy of sickle cell patients, and c) research into the phenomenon of sickling. PMID- 7115976 TI - Endothelial cell and vascular damage in the sickle cell disorders. PMID- 7115977 TI - Continuous viscous deformation of red blood cells in flow and their disturbance in sickle cell disease. PMID- 7115978 TI - Viscoelastic properties of sickle cells and hemoglobin. AB - The quantitative relationship between deoxygenation and rheological behavior of SS cell suspensions and concentrated HbS solutions has been studied under steady shear (viscosity eta) and oscillatory shear (complex viscosity with viscous component eta' and elastic component eta"). decrease of O2 saturation below 80 85% causes eta, eta' and eta" to increase progressively in SS cell suspensions and HbS solutions. These rheological parameters do not change in AA cell suspensions and HbA solutions following deoxygenation. The deoxygenation-induced increase in eta" of HbS solutions from the unmeasurable level when oxygenated reflects the gelation of HbS. At high O2 saturations, the rheological behavior of the intracellular fluid has relatively insignificant contribution to that of the SS cell suspension. As O2 saturation decreases, the viscoelastic properties of the SS cell suspension become increasingly dominated by that of the intracellular HbS. at a given degree of deoxygenation, eta, eta' and eta" of HbS solutions decrease with increasing shear rate, indicating that HbS aggregates can be dispersed by shear stress. PMID- 7115979 TI - Morphologic and internal viscosity aspects of RBC rheologic behavior. AB - The influence of cellular morphology on the rheologic behavior of human red blood cells (RBC) was examined for both fresh and ATP-depleted erythrocytes. Rheologic measurements included cone-plate viscometry, cell deformation by high-speed centrifugation and direct microscopic observation via a counter-rotating Rheoscope. Evaluation of the experimental observations indicated the importance of RBC shape as a determinant of RBC deformability such that either echinocytic or stomatocytic shape alterations resulted in decreased deformability. the influences of both intracellular viscosity and the ratio of intracellular to suspending medium viscosity on age-separated RBC rheologic behavior were also investigated via the rheoscope. Deformation at a given stress level increased with increasing media viscosity; at constant media viscosity and shear stress, young cells deformed more than old. However, identical cellular deformation could be achieved by comparing RBC at equal ratios of internal to external viscosity. The above mentioned results appear relevant to measurements of SS RBC mechanical behavior when dealing with either non-biconcave cells (e.g., ISC or low oxygen tension) or with cells having altered internal viscosity (e.g., ISC, increased MCHC, gel formation). The relative importance of these effects is, however, as yet unknown. PMID- 7115980 TI - Viscosity and filtrability measurements of sickle-cell suspensions in the development of anti-sickling drugs. AB - We have developed two rheological methods for use in the study of the effect of anti-sickling drugs on in vitro sickling: (a) An automated instrument which measures the relationship between the oxygen partial pressure and blood viscosity, and (b) an instrument to measure the relationship between filtrability (through a 3 mu-pore Nuclepore filter) and the oxygen partial pressure. With these instruments, we found that both viscosity and filtration pressure of a sickle-cell suspension increased even at oxygen saturation values above 90%, levels at which morphological changes of sickle cells are not yet pronounced. The effect of anti-sickling drugs was demonstrated by a decrease of the filtration pressure at low oxygen saturation. PMID- 7115981 TI - Nonspecific rheological abnormalities in sickle cell disease. AB - The rheology of blood from normal healthy subjects, from sickle cell patients and hybrid red cell suspensions prepared by mixing HbSS cells with normal plasma and HbA cells with plasma of sickle cell patients were studied. The microrheological behavior was observed in a rheoscope, in which the kinetics of red cell aggregation were also studied systematically. The viscosities of plasma, sera and whole blood samples were determined in a coaxial cylinder and a cone-plate viscometer. The data show that in sickle cell disease a number of nonspecific factors capable of interfering with blood fluidity are changed. These include an elevation of the tendency to red cell aggregation (which also persists after the removal of plasma fibrinogen), the enhanced tendency to red cell aggregation (measured photometrically and by extrapolation of the viscometric data plotted according to the Casson equation) and consequently strong decrease in apparent fluidity, especially at low shear rates. These unspecific abnormalities persist even after deoxygenation and complicate the specific effect of HbSS cells following hemoglobin gelation. Comprehensive pathophysiological hypothesis about circulatory disturbances in sickle cell patients is given which includes concepts about the interaction of general and local hemodynamics and of specific and nonspecific hemorheological determinants of apparent blood fluidity. PMID- 7115982 TI - Heterogeneity of red cells in the sickler: a characteristic with practical clinical and pathophysiological implications. AB - The role of heterogeneity of red cells and its relation to the severity of sickle cell anemia has been examined by the use of spontaneously formed continuous density gradients. We have found that sicklers have a more heterogeneous distribution of cell densities than normals; that this heterogeneity varies greatly from patient to patient; and that this heterogeneity is functionally significant because it involves changes in MCHC and O2 affinity. Extrapolation of HbS solution data to clinical situations will have to account for heterogeneity, and previous efforts to correlate ISC's with severity might have ignored the role of cells with high density but without the classical morphological features associated with these types of cells. PMID- 7115983 TI - Effects of inhibitors of collagen maturation on hypertension in rats. AB - The effects of beta-aminopropionitrile (BAPN), an inhibitor of collagen maturation, have been examined in three models of hypertension in rats. It is shown for the first time that BAPN has a rapidly developing antihypertensive action in rats with renal (one kidney-one clip) hypertension. The compound also lowered blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. In both these experiments although BAPN lowered blood pressure it did not affect the hypertension-induced hypertrophy of the aorta. BAPN suppressed the rise in blood pressure during the developing phase of deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt-induced hypertension and in this model the compound also prevented the accompanying aortic hypertrophy. However, another inhibitor of collagen synthesis and maturation, 3,4-dehydroproline, completely suppressed aortic hypertrophy but failed to prevent the rise in blood pressure in deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertension. It is concluded that: (1) BAPN may have a direct antihypertensive action, and (2) inhibition of aortic hypertrophy alone cannot prevent the rise in blood pressure in the developing phase of deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertension. PMID- 7115984 TI - Constriction of ear arteries from normotensive and renal hypertensive rabbits against different transmural pressures. AB - Isolated segments of rabbit ear arteries were made to constrict against normotensive and hypertensive transmural pressures by perfusion with submaximal concentrations of norepinephrine (NE). Changes in load (force/unit length of artery) and stress (force/wall cross-sectional area) during constriction against a constant pressure have been evaluated. Weak concentrations of NE constricted the arteries equally well against transmural pressures of 80 and 120 mm Hg and, in doing so, utilized much of the contractile capacity of the muscle. A stretch mediated, co-operative interaction between muscle cells has been put forward to explain these observations. Ear arteries from renal hypertensive rabbits differed from those of normotensive rabbits in having a higher NE threshold concentration and in constricting better against 140 mm Hg. They did so because of the mechanical advantage provided by a smaller internal radius and a thicker wall which reduced the load and stress placed on the muscle by the pressure. No muscle hyperplasia or hypertrophy was detected. PMID- 7115985 TI - Effects of hyperoxia on phagocytosis. AB - The development of bacterial infections is a common complication during treatment with high concentrations of oxygen. To study the effect of hyperoxia on phagocytes, the adherence, chemotaxis, ingestion rates, degranulation as well as the bactericidal activity were measured in alveolar macrophages (AMs) and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) obtained from guinea pigs exposed to 85% oxygen. The animal exposure to a Fi O2 of 85% impaired the adherence to nylon wool, the chemotactic activity and the phagocytic rate of paraffinoil-droplets of AMs and PMNs. In AMs the secretion of beta-glucuronidase upon stimulation with opsonized zymosan was also diminished. In addition, the bacterial activity of AMs and PMNs demonstrated a reduction of 50%. These phagocytic defects may be caused by cytoskeleton alteration, induced by the increase of oxygen derived metabolites, representing an additional sepsis promoting factor during hyperoxia. PMID- 7115986 TI - Multiple purge technique for determining organic pollutants in groundwater. PMID- 7115987 TI - Interaction of higher marine fungi with the herbicide atrazine. II. Sorption of atrazine to four species of marine fungi. PMID- 7115988 TI - Enhancement of mammalian safety by incorporation of antimony potassium tartrate in zinc phosphide baits. PMID- 7115989 TI - Butylated hydroxytoluene: tumor-promoting activity in an in vitro two-stage carcinogenesis assay. PMID- 7115990 TI - Acute toxicity of toluene to three age groups of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). PMID- 7115991 TI - Structural influences and mechanisms of toxic effects of alcohols and their derivatives. PMID- 7115992 TI - Alkanes in shrimp from the Buccaneer Oil Field. PMID- 7115993 TI - Cleanup procedure for contaminated oils prior to fingerprinting by gas chromatography and infrared spectroscopy. PMID- 7115995 TI - Heavy metals in oysters and clams of ST. Louis Bay, Mississippi. PMID- 7115994 TI - Single-void urine selenium level expressed in terms of creatinine content as an effective and convenient indicator of human selenium status. PMID- 7115996 TI - Uptake and toxicity of toxaphene to cell cultures derived from goldfish (Carassius auratus). PMID- 7115997 TI - Acute toxicity of iodine to channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). PMID- 7115998 TI - Uptake of insecticides by intestinal epithelial cell suspensions isolated from mice. PMID- 7116000 TI - Effectiveness of detergent and detergent plus bleach for decontaminating pesticide applicator clothing. PMID- 7115999 TI - Uterine and fetal characteristics in rats following a post-implantational exposure to permethrin. PMID- 7116001 TI - Removal of pesticide residues as affected by laundering variables. PMID- 7116002 TI - [Quality control of solutions for pH and blood gas analyzers]. PMID- 7116003 TI - [Tonometry. Blood gas analyzers]. PMID- 7116005 TI - Societas Europaea Physiologiae Clinicae Respiratoriae. Working group on respiratory modelling and data processing. Abstracts. PMID- 7116004 TI - [The choice of a pH and blood gas analyzer in 1982]. PMID- 7116006 TI - Radiographic evaluation of lung dimensions in different postures. PMID- 7116007 TI - A computerized interpretation of standard pulmonary function tests. PMID- 7116008 TI - Perception of airway tone by asthmatic patients. PMID- 7116009 TI - A comparison of pulmonary function tests used for bronchial challenges. PMID- 7116010 TI - Pathophysiological disturbances in bagassosis and bagasse workers. PMID- 7116011 TI - Respiratory and non-respiratory causes of death in the rat exposed to normobaric oxygen. PMID- 7116013 TI - Nebulizer function. PMID- 7116012 TI - The respiratory inductive plethysmograph: a new non-invasive monitor of respiration. PMID- 7116014 TI - A comparative study of two methods of calibrating spirometers for use in field surveys. PMID- 7116015 TI - Societas Europaea Physiologiae Clinicae Respiratoriae Clinical Pharmacology Working Group. Role of anticholinergic drugs in obstructive airway disease. Abstracts. PMID- 7116016 TI - European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Pulmonary Circulation. Primary pulmonary hypertension. Abstracts. PMID- 7116017 TI - [Electrodes for the measurement of blood gas]. PMID- 7116019 TI - Organized labor activities in U.S. medical school libraries: results and implications of a survey. PMID- 7116018 TI - OCLC for the hospital library: the justification plan for hospital administration. AB - This paper delineates the necessary steps to provide hospital administrators with the information needed to evaluate an automated system, OCLC, for addition to the medical library. Based on experience at the Norton-Children's Hospitals, included are: (1) cost analyses of present technical processing systems and cost comparisons with OCLC; (2) delineation of start-up costs for installing OCLC; (3) budgetary requirements for 1981; (4) the impact of automation on library systems, personnel, and services; (5) potential as a shared service; and (6) preparation of the proposal for administrative review. PMID- 7116020 TI - Analysis of characteristics of serials held by libraries in PHILSOM which are not in the NLM collection. PMID- 7116021 TI - AACR2 implementation at the Gustave L. and Janet W. Levy Library of the Mount Sinai Medical Center, Inc. PMID- 7116023 TI - [Regulation of systemic arterial pressure]. PMID- 7116022 TI - [Current aspects of kaposi's angiosarcomatosis]. PMID- 7116024 TI - [Glucose naturally marked with 13C for metabolic studies in man]. PMID- 7116025 TI - Borderline psychopathology. On the frontiers of psychiatry. PMID- 7116026 TI - A family systems model for supervision of psychotherapy. PMID- 7116027 TI - The expectable depressive climacteric reaction. PMID- 7116028 TI - Primary transsexualism. A critique of a theory. PMID- 7116029 TI - Observations on female sterilization in Chile. PMID- 7116030 TI - Rabies on Mexico's northern border, 1969-1980. PMID- 7116031 TI - Dengue epidemic in Honduras, 1978-1980. PMID- 7116033 TI - World health day, 1982. Add life to years. PMID- 7116034 TI - The role of WHO in human ecology and health. PMID- 7116032 TI - Prevalence of chronic diseases in a district of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. PMID- 7116035 TI - Screening in disease prevention. PMID- 7116036 TI - Screening for hypertension. PMID- 7116037 TI - Screening in pregnancy for congenital abnormality. AB - Screening programmes and techniques for antenatal diagnosis of a large number of congenital malformations and genetic disorders are now available. Most techniques requiring samples of fetal material for analysis carry some degree of risk to the pregnancy. These risks must be weighed against the degree of risk that a particular couple may have of producing a fetus suffering from any given congenital disorder before antenatal diagnosis is offered or undertaken. Careful and considerate counselling of the couple is an essential part of any screening programme. PMID- 7116039 TI - Early management of head injuries. PMID- 7116038 TI - The what, who, and how of social skills training. PMID- 7116040 TI - Inherited diseases--the genodermatoses. PMID- 7116041 TI - Dissection of the aorta. AB - Dissection of the aorta is not an uncommon condition, nor is it as lethal as was previously considered. The correct diagnosis and ensuing management depend as much on the index of suspicion of the attending doctor as on the prompt planning of noninvasive and invasive investigations. Most patients can be treated conservatively in the initial stages by means of appropriate hypotensive pharmaceutical agents. Surgery offers a better chance of survival for proximal dissection, whereas long-term medical management is indicated in the distal dissection in the absence of severe complications. PMID- 7116042 TI - American letter: his terrible bright sword. PMID- 7116043 TI - Your accounts: general practice. PMID- 7116044 TI - Early developmental skills in normal and retarded children. PMID- 7116045 TI - Diagnoses not to be missed. Tuberculous meningitis. PMID- 7116046 TI - Subdural haematoma. PMID- 7116047 TI - The association between family atmosphere and hospital career of schizophrenic patients. AB - The content analysis was made of special thirty minute discussions between each of 30 acute male schizophrenics and their parents to determine features of parental personality. All patients were discharged, but after 2 years 13 of them had been readmitted. Compared with those not readmitted their fathers expressed more outward-directed hostility and hostility projected on to others, and their mothers expressed more inward-directed hostility as well as guilt anxiety and shame anxiety. Both parents were emotionally more unstable during the course of the discussion. The emotional interaction between mothers and sons was of symmetrical type (whereas it was complementary between mothers and sons who had not been readmitted). PMID- 7116048 TI - Functional tests of the corpus callosum in schizophrenia. PMID- 7116049 TI - Alcoholism, depression and plasma folate. PMID- 7116050 TI - Electro-convulsive therapy with minimum hazard. AB - The inter-electrode resistance during ECT is shown to be very variable, a finding which invalidates the measurement of shocks in joules. With square wave pulses of selected current value the threshold for convulsion may be below 100 milliamperes or above 2,000 milliamperes. It is advisable to measure the current value during millisecond pulses with relatively long intervals between. PMID- 7116052 TI - Social origins of depression in old age. AB - In a comparison between elderly depressed subjects and normal elderly people in the general population, an association was found between severe life events, major social difficulties, poor physical health and the onset of depression. Working class subjects within the general population had a higher incidence of depression and this appeared to be explained by their poorer health and greater social difficulties. Those elderly people who lacked a confiding relationship were more vulnerable to depression. Evidence is presented that the lack of a confidant was a reflection of life-long personality traits. PMID- 7116051 TI - A controlled trial of social intervention in the families of schizophrenic patients. AB - A study is reported of a controlled trial of social intervention in the families of schizophrenic patients at high risk of relapse. The patients were selected for being in high contact with high Expressed Emotion relatives. All patients were maintained on neuroleptic drugs. One half of the 24 families were randomly assigned to routine out-patient care, while the other half received a package of social interventions. This comprised a programme of education about schizophrenia, a group for the relatives, and family sessions for relatives and patients. The relapse rate in the control group was 50 per cent compared with nine per cent in the experimental group (P = 0.04). The stated aims of the therapeutic interventions were achieved in 73 per cent of experimental families. In these families, no patient relapsed. The results provide evidence for the causal role of relatives' expressed emotion (EE) in schizophrenic relapse, as well as for the therapeutic effectiveness of social intervention combined with drug treatment. PMID- 7116053 TI - The Present State Examination: experiences with Xhosa-speaking psychiatric patients. PMID- 7116054 TI - Behavioural psychotherapy of uncommon referrals. AB - In a behavioural clinic, over a period of nine years, trainee nurse-therapists treated 65 unusual referrals (8 per cent) out of a total of 800 patients. The remainder had phobic, obsessive-compulsive, sexual and social disorders, which responded encouragingly to behavioural treatment. Of the unusual referrals, useful results were obtained by behavioural treatment for stuttering, hairpulling, tics, and writer's cramp; bulimia is worth further study. Unresponsive conditions included compulsive gambling and obesity. PMID- 7116055 TI - Pharmacological responsiveness of sweat glands in anxious patients and healthy volunteers. AB - The responsiveness of eccrine sweat glands to local intradermal injections of carbachol and phenylephrine was studied in six male and six female healthy volunteers and six female patients suffering from anxiety neurosis, using a plastic paint impression method. Carbachol evoked consistently greater responses than phenylephrine. The response to carbachol attained a peak approximately two minutes after injection, whereas the response to phenylephrine attained a peak within fifteen seconds of the injection. Males showed greater responsiveness to both drugs than females, this being reflected in significantly higher maxima of the dose-response curves for the males. The anxious females showed a higher level of spontaneous sweat gland activity and greater responsiveness to both drugs (reflected in higher maxima of the dose-response curves) than the normal females. PMID- 7116056 TI - Vegetative symptoms in anxiety and depression. AB - The incidence of vegetative symptoms was found to be higher in 61 medication-free patients with anxiety compared to an equal number of age and sex-matched normal controls. Multiple regression analysis identified depression, as rated by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), as the most highly predictive factor associated with these symptoms. Twenty-two anxious patients who obtained scores less than 5 on BDI (absent or minimal depression) were compared with an equal number of age and sex-matched patients with depression. The depressed patients reported a higher indicence of sleep disturbances, weight loss and appetite loss. PMID- 7116057 TI - Hospital admissions for adverse effects of medicinal agents (mainly self poisoning) among adolescents in the Oxford Region. AB - Hospital statistics for episodes coded as adverse effects of medicinal agents' were used to study deliberate self-poisoning among people aged 12-20 years in the Oxford Region. Admission rates rose sharply from the age of 12 years, more so for females than males, up to the age of 16 years in females and 18 years in males. Analgesics, antipyretics and psychotropic drugs were the agents most commonly used by both sexes and accounted for three-quarters of all admissions. Admission rates varied from year to year, but increased overall between 1974 and 1979, notably among people under 16 years of age. Admissions for 'adverse effects of medicinal agents' accounted for 4.7 per cent of all general admissions among people aged 12-20 years. PMID- 7116058 TI - Prognosis in chronic mental disability. AB - In a replication study three performance variables measured at the beginning of 200 patients' rehabilitation courses were combined to form an index to quantify the degree of initial disability. The Index score was significantly associated with the ten-year outcome, and hence has predictive value. With it a level of disability can be specified beyond which a patients' prospect of resettlement is predictably hopeless from the outset, despite prolonged and intensive rehabilitative efforts. On the other hand, many less disabled patients cannot achieve resettlement unless such efforts are made. There are, therefore, humanitarian and economic reasons for seeking to distinguish these two groups. PMID- 7116059 TI - Body image disturbance in dysmorphophobia. AB - Two repertory grids relating to body image and interpersonal relationships were administered to dysmorphophobic, psoriatic and control subjects. Both dysmorphophobics and psoriatics expressed dissatisfaction with their body image and in addition, dysmorphophobics were dissatisfied with their interpersonal relationships. The dysmorphophobic group were also less happy with their self concept than the other two groups. PMID- 7116060 TI - The season of birth of schizophrenic, neurotic and psychiatrically normal twins. AB - The quarter of birth of 536 schizophrenic, 1,991 neurotic and 12,085 psychiatrically normal twin pairs from the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council Twin Registry was compared. When either all twin pairs, or only monozygotic or dizygotic twin pairs, were considered, no significant differences were found in the quarter of birth between the 3 groups. No difference in quarter of birth was found for twin pairs concordant versus discordant for schizophrenia. Despite the increased risk for intrauterine and perinatal complications in twin births, schizophrenic twins appear (at least) to be no more vulnerable than schizophrenic singletons to the seasonal gestation and birth-related insults which probably underlie the seasonality in schizophrenic births. Controlling for season of birth probably has little effect on the results of twin studies of schizophrenia. PMID- 7116061 TI - EEG monitored ECT. AB - EEG monitored ECT was administrated to 20 patients, 12 females and 8 males. One hundred and fifty-six treatments were given (mean 7.8 treatments/patient), and the relation between clinically observed seizures (COS) and the cerebral patterns of convulsions (EPC) was compared. If clinical observation alone had been used, restimulation would have been necessary in 43 per cent of the treatments, whereas restimulation actually was done in 9 per cent. Similarly, too violent convulsion patterns would have been ignored in 5 per cent of the treatments. PMID- 7116062 TI - Child Stealing and Pseudocyesis. PMID- 7116063 TI - A child is charged with homicide: his family responds. PMID- 7116065 TI - When truants and school refusers grow up. PMID- 7116064 TI - Women in psychiatry. AB - Of the 1863 women who first gained a registrable qualification from the UK medical school during 1949 to 1951 (early cohort) and in 1965 (late cohort) and believed to be living on 1st October 1977, 74 per cent responded to a postal questionnaire. It was found that 9 per cent of these were not in current practice, and of the remainder, 9 per cent (111) were practising psychiatry. Their participation in medicine was as high or higher than their contemporaries in other branches of medicine. A higher but non-significant proportion (57 per cent) had achieved career posts than other practitioners (54 per cent). Psychiatry was the tenth (early) and sixth (late) most popular choice of specialty on graduation. Psychiatrists resembled other hospital practitioners but not non-hospital practitioners in citing interest, liking, or aptitude as their reason for choosing their current specialty. Of the practising psychiatrists, 37 per cent held the diploma of membership of the Royal College of Psychiatrists; these were engaged in more sessions per week and more often held career posts than the remainder. PMID- 7116066 TI - Propranolol in schizophrenia. PMID- 7116067 TI - ECT and the growth hormone response to apomorphine. PMID- 7116068 TI - Acute rise of pancreatic polypeptide after electroconvulsive therapy. AB - Plasma pancreatic polypeptide concentrations rise by 320 +/- 81 per cent following administration of electroconvulsive therapy. This rise is observed in the first ten minutes despite premedication of patients with 0.6 mg atropine. Pancreatic polypeptide release is dependent on cholinergic tone and is very sensitive to atropine. The dramatic rise in pancreative polypeptide observed following electroconvulsive therapy probably results from vagal stimulation and reflects insufficient atropine premedication. PMID- 7116069 TI - Pain and depression. AB - This paper explores the relationship between depression and chronic intractable pain in which somatic pathology is playing a minor role. In this study, 114 patients with chronic pain were compared with 53 patients with depression. Patients with chronic pain were older, more likely to be married, more frequently attributed difficulties in activity and sleep to pain, and reported greater impairment of motor functions. They had less dysphoria and an illness behaviour profile (on the Illness Behaviour Questionnaire) suggestive of a conversion reaction. Depressed patients recalled more life events in the year prior to presentation, whilst pain patients recalled more events of nine and ten years earlier. It is concluded that the two patient groups cannot be considered identical. It is argued that the concept of abnormal illness behavior helps to distinguish the two groups. PMID- 7116070 TI - Estimating suicide risk among attempted suicides: I. The development of new clinical scales. AB - A discriminant function analysis was carried out to separate a sample of 75 suicides from a sample of 146 attempted suicides, on which comprehensive clinical and social data were recorded on an identical schedule. Two sets of discriminating items (with 18 and 6 variables) correctly classified 91 per cent and 83 per cent of the two samples in their respective groups. The results provide a basis for examining the usefulness of these variables as predictors of future suicide in people who have attempted suicide. PMID- 7116071 TI - A comparison of depression rating scales. AB - In a comparison of assessment methods of severity of depressive illness, the Montgomery-Asberg Scale had, broadly, a performance equal to the Hamilton Scale. The Beck Depression Inventory, it subscale, and the Wakefield Inventory all had overall poor performances and should now be abandoned in research. The two patient-rated scales were, overall, similar and fairly satisfactory measures. The comparisons were at points in severity of illness and not on change of severity. PMID- 7116072 TI - A psychiatric study of amputees. AB - Psychiatric manifestations were studied in 72 amputees in the post-operative period. All were right handed. Besides phantom limb phenomena, which were observed in nearly four-fifths of the cases and are described in another paper, nearly two-thirds had psychiatric symptoms inthe form of depression (45 patients), anxiety (38), crying spells (38), insomnia (34), loss of appetite (23), suicidal ideas (21) and psychotic behaviour (2). Right arm amputees had phantom phenomena and insomnia significantly more often than left. Nearly one fifth of the cases were diagnosed as having psychotic depressive reactions, two fifths as having depressive neurosis and two, both with right upper limb amputations, as schizophrenic. PMID- 7116073 TI - Phantom limb: a phenomenological study. AB - Phantom limb phenomena during the post-operative period were studied in 72 amputees. All were right handed. Phantom limb was present in 86.1 per cent of the cases, significantly more commonly amputation of the right arm. Nearly half of the phantoms developed within the first 24 hours and another quarter in the next 24 hours, appearing earlier in lower limb amputees. Movements in the phantom were felt by three-quarters of the cases, an incidence unaffected by site or side of amputation. Telescopy was present in nearly two-thirds and phantom limb pain in over two-thirds, significantly more commonly in the upper limb amputees but uninfluenced by the side of amputation. Thirty-one of the patients dreamed that their limbs were intact. PMID- 7116074 TI - The contemporary natural history of mental disorder in old age. AB - A classificatory system for mental disorders in the elderly proposed by Roth in 1955 was examined in a contemporary population. Ninety per cent of patients could be allocated to the five psychosyndromes originally defined. Examination of outcome in the present sample, at six month and two years, showed important differences. The outlook for patients with paranoid psychoses showed an improvement though for those with affective illness (at 2 years) there was little change. Of special importance was the increased long-term survival of very elderly female patients with senile dementia. This, in conjunction with the general rise in admissions for mental disorders in the aged over the past 25 years, has considerable implications for the future development of psychiatric services for the elderly mentally ill. PMID- 7116075 TI - Evaluation of a modified self-report measure of social adjustment. AB - A self-report Social Adjustment Scale (SAS-M) for use in British populations was devised by modifying the original North American version, its usefulness was evaluated among 331 women drawn from two local populations. In a group of mothers of one year old babies (n = 130), high levels of agreement were found between the subjects' self-ratings on the SAS-M and (i) a psychiatrist's ratings of their social adjustment made at interview; (ii) ratings of the subjects' social adjustment made by their husbands on the SAS-M; (iii) measures of concurrent mental state. In a group of women undergoing elective sterilization (n = 201), the SAS-M was found to be sensitive to changes in mental state over time. Possible application of the SAS-M in psychiatric research, particularly when an interview is not feasible, are discussed. PMID- 7116076 TI - Mania secondary to procyclidine ("Kemadrin") abuse. AB - A case of procyclidine abuse is described in which the clinical presentation was indistinguishable from mania. The patient was a long-standing poly-drug abuser and was obtaining the drugs from medical sources. Controlled exposure on the ward to drugs of abuse, including a double-blind comparison with placebo, confirmed that procyclidine caused a manic response in this patient. PMID- 7116077 TI - Rapid response to lithium in phenelzine non-responders. PMID- 7116078 TI - Plasma folate and affective morbidity during long-term lithium therapy. AB - In 107 patients on long-term lithium, those with lower plasma folate concentration had a higher affective morbidity than those with higher folate, both at the time and during the previous two years. The association was not the results of weight change or the concomitant use of other drugs. Animal work reporting a decreased synthesis of 5-HT both in folate-deficient animals and in animals fed excessive amounts of folate suggests that it may be important for lithium patients to receive folate supplements to their diet for maximum therapeutic effect. PMID- 7116079 TI - Epidemic psychosis. PMID- 7116080 TI - Neuropathology of the corpus callosum in schizophrenia. PMID- 7116081 TI - Neuropsychological approaches to the study of language. AB - This paper discusses recent studies of aphasia from the perspective of theories of normal language structure and processing. Patterns of language breakdown are considered to reflect the componential structure of the language system. In some cases, brain damage is seen to fractionate language along lines suggested by existing psycholinguistic models: certain syndromes can be viewed as more or less isolated disturbances involving lexical, syntactic or phonological components of the language system, or psychological functions such as short-term memory. In other cases, aphasic deficits point to levels of language function not yet well specified by normative models. This review of psycholinguistically oriented research on aphasia supports the effort to construct integrated theories of language functioning on the basis of both normal and pathological performances. PMID- 7116082 TI - Phonological and tactual coding of Braille by blind children. AB - Two experiments were carried out to investigate phonological and tactual coding in Braille reading by blind children. In the first, the children read aloud two lists of word pairs, one item at a time. The second or 'target' word of each pair (e.g. on) was the same in both lists. In one list, the congruent list, the phonology and orthography of the first word of the pair (sun) provided no inconsistency with respect to the target word (sun-on). In the other incongruent list, the preceding word was similar in orthography but inconsistent in phonology with respect to the target word (son-on). The children named the target words (i.e. on) significantly faster in the context of the congruous list than in the context of the incongruous list, thus revealing a phonological effect in the blind children's reading of single words. In addition, direct lexical access, from tactual input, seems to proceed with the same facility for the blind as does visual input for the sighted. In the second study the children read aloud words which were either orthographically regular or irregular. The results indicated that the irregular words took longer to name than the regular words. It was suggested that blind children, like sighted children, show phonological interference effects in word naming. The results are discussed in relation to recent models of the processes involved in word naming. PMID- 7116083 TI - Ease of identifying words degraded by visual noise. AB - A technique is described for investigating word recognition involving the superimposition of 'noise' on the visual target word. For this task a word is printed in the form of letters made up of separate elements; noise consists of additional elements which serve to reduce the ease whereby the words may be recognized, and a threshold-like measure can be obtained in terms of the amount of noise. A word frequency effect was obtained for the noise task, and for words presented tachistoscopically but in conventional typography. For the tachistoscope task, however, the frequency effect depended on the method of presentation. A second study showed no effect of inspection interval on performance on the noise task. A word-frequency effect was also found in a third experiment with tachistoscopic exposure of the noise task stimuli in undegraded form. The question of whether common processes are drawn on by tasks entailing different ways of varying ease of recognition is addressed, and the suitability of different tasks for word recognition research is discussed. PMID- 7116084 TI - Hirschsprung's disease and malrotation of the mid-gut. An uncommon association. PMID- 7116085 TI - Pancreatic cystadenocarcinoma: diagnostic problems. AB - Eleven cases of pancreatic cystadenocarcinoma were studied with respect to the differential diagnosis from that of pancreatic pseudocysts, using diagnostic ultrasound as the initial investigative technique. Most of the cases presented an ultrasonic picture that correlated well with the gross pathology, but this correlation was not reliable enough to be considered characteristic in differentiating such masses from pseudocysts. The authors divide the cystadenocarcinomas of the pancreas into four echographic classes. In all but one of the classes, diagnostic ultrasound was insufficient by itself to render an accurate diagnosis. In such cases other techniques, i.e. CT, tissue biopsy, and especially angiography, were required for a reliable diagnosis. PMID- 7116086 TI - A study of the radioprotective effect of vasopressin induced ischaemia on the small intestine of the dog and its relation to circulatory parameters. PMID- 7116087 TI - Persistent and late occurring lesions in irradiated feet of rats: their clinical relevance. AB - Radiation-induced deformity, as characterized by tissue loss, has been investigated in rat feet. The acute epithelial response and the loss of deeper tissues occur concomitantly after irradiation. The greatest loss of tissue (severe deformity) was produced in feet where the healing of the epithelial reaction was greatly delayed. While deformity will clearly continue to "persist" after the acute reaction has healed it is misleading to refer to this lesion as "late" damage. A late-occurring lesion, not previously described in the literature, can be produced in the rat foot by high doses of radiation delivered in such a way that moist desquamation is avoided, i.e. by extending the total treatment time. The "persistent" and "late" radiation lesions are discussed in relation to other published data on the radiation response of rodent skin in the foot, ear and tail. Parallels are also drawn between reactions in rodents and those in the skin of pig and man. PMID- 7116088 TI - Heat shock proteins and thermotolerance; a comparison of induction kinetics. AB - The hypothesis that the expression of heat shock proteins following a preliminary hyperthermic treatment is responsible for subsequent thermotolerance to a second heat treatment is examined. CHO cells were given a 12 min, 45 degrees C pretreatment and then incubated for varying intervals at 37 degrees C. The synthesis of certain intracellular proteins was monitored as a function of time post-incubation by using 35S-methionine incorporation as determined in SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Cell survival was concurrently measured by challenging the cells with a second heat treatment (45 degrees C/27 min). Major heat shock proteins were observed at 68 000, 89 000 and 110 000 daltons. The synthesis of these proteins was significantly reduced in the presence of cyclohexamide. The total 35S-methionine incorporation into these proteins correlated well with the induction of survival resistance (thermotolerance). An approximate exponential relationship between survival and the amount of each of these proteins may occur. These and other heat shock proteins were also present, in a significantly reduced degree, in control (non-heat shocked) cells maintained under normal culture conditions at 37 degrees C. It is possible that heat shock proteins are responsible for the phenomenon of thermotolerance. PMID- 7116089 TI - Influence of electron path length on the evaluation of Burlin's cavity theory. PMID- 7116090 TI - Sclerotic bone deposits in multiple myeloma. PMID- 7116091 TI - Limitations of endoscopy in the diagnosis of carcinoma of the cardia of the stomach. PMID- 7116092 TI - Percutaneous descending biliary sphincterotomy with a choledochoscope passed through the cystic duct after cholecystostomy. PMID- 7116093 TI - The power spectral density as a texture measure in computed tomographic scans of the liver. PMID- 7116094 TI - Intravenous urography during lactation. PMID- 7116095 TI - Mattresses and fluoroscopy. PMID- 7116096 TI - The assessment and management of severe renal trauma. PMID- 7116098 TI - Crystalluria following excretory urography. PMID- 7116097 TI - Pericaliceal haemangioma-a cause of papillary necrosis? Case report and review of 7 similar vascular lesions. AB - A pericaliceal haemangioma associated with papillary necrosis caused haematuria which led to nephrectomy. Seven similar vascular lesions were found on review of the surgical histopathology records from the last 25 years at the St Peter's Hospitals, Institute of Urology, London. In 4 of these there was histological evidence of damage to the renal papilla adjacent to the vascular abnormality; a possible mechanism for these changes is discussed. In all 8 cases the patients presented with haematuria and, in 5, abnormalities were seen on renal radiological investigation. Nephrectomy was performed in 5 instances and the remaining 3 patients were treated by partial nephrectomy. The presence of a vascular malformation was considered pre-operatively in 2 patients and in the remainder the diagnosis was first made on laboratory examination. In all patients haematuria ceased post-operatively and in 5 cases where follow-up information was available there has been no evidence of bilateral involvement. PMID- 7116100 TI - Continuous ambulatory urodynamic monitoring. PMID- 7116099 TI - Electrocardiographic findings in cystometric procedures. AB - Twenty-eight elderly patients, mostly with minor electrocardiographic abnormalities, underwent cystometry and simultaneous recording of the electrocardiogram in order to assess the influence of intravesical pressure elevation with regard to electrocardiographic changes. During cystometry intra atrial, atrioventricular and ventricular conducting time remained unaffected, while the cardiac rate showed a moderate but significant increase without any serious impairment of cardiac function. It is concluded that slow filling without overdistension of the bladder can be considered safe even in elderly patients with cardiovascular problems. PMID- 7116101 TI - Suppression of bladder instability by penile squeeze. AB - The effect of penile squeeze upon bladder instability was examined in 20 males and the results compared with those of anal dilatation. An uninhibited contraction of the bladder was successfully suppressed by squeezing the glans penis in 17 out of 20 patients and by dilating the anal sphincter in 20. It is concluded that this mechanical stimulus, when given to the glans penis of a normal man suffering from bladder instability, suppresses the detrusor contraction during the contracting phase but does not affect bladder tonus during the noncontracting phase. PMID- 7116102 TI - A reassessment of bladder training in detrusor dysfunction in the female. PMID- 7116103 TI - The management of urinary incontinence due to primary vesical sensory urgency by bladder drill. PMID- 7116104 TI - Urodynamic evaluation after vaginal repair and colposuspension. AB - Eighty-six consecutive patients with urinary incontinence and/or genital prolapse were evaluated by urodynamic examination and colpo-cysto-urethrography before and after vaginal repair or colposuspension procedures. None of the patients had had a previous operation for genital or lower urinary tract disorders. The follow-up period exceeded one year. In the vaginal repair group there was a significant decrease in opening time and an increase in pre-micturition pressure and maximum flow rate. In the colposuspension group there was an increase in pre-micturition pressure, opening pressure, mean micturition pressure, post-micturition pressure, flow time and pressure time and a decrease in maximum flow and mean flow. Vaginal repair appears to reduce urethral resistance, while colposuspension tends to increase outflow resistance. Colposuspension should be avoided in patients with poor or absent detrusor function. PMID- 7116105 TI - Vesicourethral electromyography: facts or artefacts. AB - A vesicourethral electromyographic study was carried out on 21 cats of both sexes with extracellular electrodes along with monitoring of contraction and relaxation of various parts of the bladder and urethra. No consistent electromyographic pattern of slow and fast waves was observed in the bladder and urethra either in any empty bladder or during filling and voiding phases. Most of the recorded waves were traced to a defined source of artefact. Twenty-two experiments were done with glass microelectrodes recording intracellularly in bladder strips of various animals bathed in normal and modified Krebs solutions. No spike activity was recorded during periods of contractions, whether spontaneous or electrically stimulated. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments suggest that the mechanism of excitation-contraction coupling of the bladder remains unidentified. The clinical application of bladder electromyography (EMG) has to be interpreted cautiously. PMID- 7116106 TI - Retropubic, hypotensive, no-catheter prostatectomy: a review of 100 cases. AB - One hundred patients underwent retropubic prostatectomy. Hypotensive anaesthesia was used and urethral catheters were not used routinely in the post-operative period. Operative and post-operative blood losses were greater than anticipated, especially when compared with the blood lost by patients who have balloon catheters left in place after this operation. The absence of a catheter in the post-operative period did not result in a significant reduction in the rate of urine infection. Fourteen patients required catheterisation after operation for suprapubic leakage of urine and obstruction of the urethra by blood clot. Clot retention did not occur. There were 2 deaths in the series. Sixty-seven patients were discharged on the sixth post-operative day. PMID- 7116107 TI - Tumours of the testis in Ibadan, Nigeria. PMID- 7116108 TI - Testicular cancer in two brothers, one of whom has achondroplasia. PMID- 7116109 TI - Amyloidosis localised to the bladder. PMID- 7116110 TI - Primary argentaffin carcinoma of the testis. PMID- 7116111 TI - Mushroom kidney (urological manifestation of caries spine). PMID- 7116112 TI - Keratotic and micaceous pseudoepitheliomatous balanitis. PMID- 7116113 TI - Bacteroides ruminicola pyonephrosis. PMID- 7116114 TI - Testicular capillary haemangioma. PMID- 7116115 TI - Necrotising urethritis in Wegener's granulomatosis. PMID- 7116116 TI - Triplicate duplicate ureters. PMID- 7116118 TI - Radical retropubic prostatectomy by reverse approach. PMID- 7116117 TI - The use of frusemide and epsilon-amino-caproic-acid in transurethral prostatectomy. a review after 7 years. PMID- 7116119 TI - Neonatal diseases of dogs and cats. PMID- 7116121 TI - Johne's disease: a retrospective study of vaccinated herds in Great Britain. PMID- 7116120 TI - Some observations on chemotherapy of bovine dermatophilosis. PMID- 7116122 TI - Pasteurella multocida in pigs: the serotypes and the assessment of their virulence in mice. PMID- 7116123 TI - The aetiology of cerebrocortical necrosis: the role of thiamine deficiency and of deltapyrrolinium. PMID- 7116124 TI - The apparent digestibility of 'complete diet' cubes given to Thoroughbred horses and the use of chromic oxide as an inert faecal marker. PMID- 7116125 TI - Campylobacter jejuni related with diarrhoea in dogs. PMID- 7116126 TI - Speech prosody in Broca's aphasia. PMID- 7116128 TI - Language function in senile dementia. PMID- 7116127 TI - Modality-independent impairments in word processing in a deep dyslexic patient. PMID- 7116129 TI - Basal ganglia participation in language pathology. PMID- 7116130 TI - Event-related potential studies of cerebral specialization during reading. I. Studies of normal adults. PMID- 7116131 TI - Event-related potential studies of cerebral specialization during reading. II. Studies of congenitally deaf adults. PMID- 7116132 TI - Statistical and methodological issues in "Auditory evoked potentials and sex related differences in brain development. PMID- 7116133 TI - Some issues pertaining to auditory evoked potentials and sex-related differences in brain development. PMID- 7116134 TI - Language lateralization and handedness: estimates based on clinical data. PMID- 7116135 TI - Quantitative autoradiography of serotonin receptors in the rat brain. AB - The distribution of serotonin receptors in the rat brain was studied using a new, quantitative autoradiographic technique utilizing tritium-sensitive LKB sheet film, and densitometric analysis of the film images. OD values above 13 were found in the dentate gyrus, subiculum, substantia nigra and ependymal tissue throughout the brain. ODs between 7 and 11 were found in the globus pallidus, anterior hippocampus and CA1 field, dorsal raphe nucleus and interpeduncular nucleus. The lowest densities were observed in the thalamus, cerebellum, and over white matter, between 0.1 and 0.4 OD units. Other brain nuclei have intermediate values. Serotonin receptor distribution is found to correlate with 5-HT levels, corticosteroid and estrogen receptors in some but not all brain regions. PMID- 7116136 TI - Ammonia and methionine sulfoximine intoxication. AB - Intoxication with ammonium acetate abolished the suppression of action potential generation by cortical postsynaptic inhibition, i.e. produced 'disinhibition', due to the inactivation of neuronal Cl- extrusion. With the occurrence of disinhibition cerebral ammonia increased to 445% of normal; glutamine increased to 170%. Methionine sulfoximine (MSO), an inhibitor of glutamine synthetase, produced disinhibition about 3 h after administration; at this time cerebral ammonia was increased to 290% of normal, glutamine was unchanged. Intoxication with MSO for less than 3 h significantly decreased the amount of ammonium acetate needed to produce disinhibition at cerebral ammonia concentrations ot 340-430% of normal. MSO produces an endogenous ammonia intoxication which: (i) decreases the amount of exogenous ammonia required to affect cortical postsynaptic inhibitions; and (ii) eventually becomes sufficiently severe to disturb cortical inhibitory neuronal interactions by itself. PMID- 7116137 TI - Opiate vs non-opiate footshock-induced analgesia (FSIA): the body region shocked is a critical factor. AB - Previous work has demonstrated that footshock can elicit either opiate or non opiate analgesia. The present study has demonstrated that one critical factor determining the involvement of endogenous opioids is the body region shocked. Using 90 s shock, front paw shock produced an opiate analgesia which was significantly antagonized by as little as 0.1 mg/kg systemic naloxone and morphine tolerance. In the latter experiment, a parallel recovery of the analgesic potencies of both front paw shock and morphine was observed following 2 weeks of opiate abstinence. In contrast, hind paw shock produced a non-opiate analgesia which failed to be attenuated by 20 mg/kg systemic naloxone and showed no cross-tolerance to morphine. Since identical shock parameters were used for front paw and hind paw shock in the systemic naloxone experiments, stress per se clearly cannot be the crucial factor determining the involvement of endogenous opioids in footshock-induced analgesia. These results were discussed with respect to clinical treatments of pain which utilize somatosensory stimulation. PMID- 7116138 TI - Functional influences of the visuocortical projection on superior colliculus neurons in the rabbit. AB - The effects of electrical stimulation of the visual cortex on superior colliculus neurons were investigated in adult Dutch-belted rabbits. Single units were recorded in the superior colliculus and classified as to receptive field type. Stimulation of the ipsilateral visual cortex activated 29% of the recorded superior colliculus units. No units were driven by stimulation of the contralateral visual cortex. Comparison of the relative proportional distributions of cortically driven and not driven cells having various receptive field types revealed an over-representation of driven motion type cells. The excitatory influence of the visuocortical projection to the superior colliculus in the rabbit shows a preference for neurons responsive to moving visual stimuli. PMID- 7116139 TI - Variations in electrophysiological properties of hippocampal neurons in different subfields. AB - Intracellular recordings were made from hippocampal pyramidal cells (HPCs) in subregions CA1a, b, c, CA2 and CA3a, b of the guinea pig hippocampal slice. There were significant differences in the mode of spike discharge at various sites. Most neurons in CA1b and CA3b fired single spikes spontaneously, or during intracellular depolarizing current pulses. HPCs in the CA1a and c, as well as CA2 and CA3a subregions usually had a burst mode of discharge under the same conditions. Basic differences in neuronal properties presumably underlie these varieties of behavior between or within various regions. Specification of the site or subregion of recording is important especially in those experiments where the mode of spike discharge or membrane events in HPCs are important variables. PMID- 7116140 TI - Pharmacological properties and monoaminergic mediation of the slow IPSP, in mammalian sympathetic ganglion. AB - Phenoxybenzamine can selectively eliminate the s-IPSP, in the presence of anti cholinesterases that enhance s-IPSP and s-EPSP; and the alpha 2-antagonist, yohimbine, can partially but consistently depress s-IPSP selectively. The results provide positive pharmacological support for the monoaminergic nature of the transmitter for s-IPSP in mammalian sympathetic ganglia and argue against suggestions that the s-IPSP is a direct hyperpolarizing response to acetylcholine. PMID- 7116141 TI - Response of raphe magnus neurons after acupuncture stimulation in rat. AB - Extracellular recording was made from single cells in the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) of Wistar albino rats. The spontaneous firing rate of these cells increased, decreased or was not altered after acupuncture stimulation. Excitatory response of the cells was obtained more often than the other ones. There were no significant differences between the effects induced by stimulation of meridian and nonmeridian points. It is suggested that only the excited neuron may participate directly in the descending analgesic system through NRM cells activated by acupuncture stimulation. Presumably, meridian point is not a specific one for activation of NRM cells in rat. PMID- 7116142 TI - Adherence of lymphocytes to capillary endothelial basement membrane from rat and mouse brain in vitro. PMID- 7116143 TI - Selective reduction of one class of dopamine receptor binding sites in the corpus striatum of aged rats. AB - In aged rats (21-23 vs 3 month) the neuroleptic receptor number was reduced in the striatum (--53%), in the limbic area (--36%), and not changed in the cortex. The in vitro pharmacological profile of the remaining [3H]spiroperidol receptors in each area was not modified in aged animals. The binding of [3H]ADTN (2-amino 6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronapthalene) in the striatum and of [3H]serotonin ([3H]-5 HT) in the cortex was also the same in both age groups. PMID- 7116144 TI - Dehydration attenuates panting response to intraventricular 5-hydroxytryptamine in the rabbit. AB - Panting response and a fall in rectal temperature following intraventricular injection of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were significantly reduced in dehydrated rabbits as compared with normally hydrated animals. The vasomotor heat loss response to 5-HT was essentially similar in both groups. These as well as earlier findings suggest that dehydration may modify signals generated in brain thermoregulatory centers controlling evaporative but not the vasomotor heat loss. PMID- 7116145 TI - Topographic analysis of human cortical potentials preceding self-initiated and visually triggered saccades. AB - The topography of human brain potentials preceding self-initiated saccadic eye movements was compared with those preceding visually triggered saccades to examine differences in presaccadic activity under different programming requirements. A slow negative shift beginning approximately 650 ms before eye movement and largest in amplitude over the frontal region was recorded only in the self-initiated condition. This potential presumably reflects preparatory activity occurring predominantly within the frontal eye fields. A ramp-like positivity preceding eye movements by 100-250 ms and a sharp positive potential peaking 10-40 ms before saccades were recorded under both conditions. These potentials were of maximum amplitude over the parietal region. In order to examine the extent to which presaccadic enhancement of parietal activity was related to executive or to attentional mechanisms, the presaccadic visual evoked potential components were compared with activity at the same latency when stimuli were counted without saccades or were ignored. Enhancement of parietal potentials was seen both with counting and with saccades, but was greater in the eye movement condition. Occipital enhancement predominated with counting and parietal enhancement with saccades. These findings suggest that attentional and command mechanisms contribute distinct complementary increments in posterior cortical presaccadic activity associated with visually triggered saccades. PMID- 7116146 TI - Reinforcing effects of brain microinjections of morphine revealed by conditioned place preference. AB - The previously documented place conditioning paradigm was used to study the reinforcing effects of cerebral microinjections of morphine. Rats with implanted cannulae experienced place conditioning procedures, involving morphine administration into the IV (0.5 or 10 microgram), III (10 microgram) or lateral (0.5-10 microgram) ventricles. Positive reinforcement, indicated by a significant preference for the place paired with morphine compared to the place similarly paired with control treatment, was seen in rats given 10 microgram morphine into the lateral ventricle. The rats given 10 microgram into the III ventricle also showed a preference, but the effect was not statistically significant. Positive reinforcement was subsequently demonstrated with morphine microinjections (10 microgram) into the lateral hypothalamus, periaqueductal gray or nucleus accumbens. No clear preferences were produced by morphine injections into the caudate-putamen, amygdala or nucleus ambiguus. Following the final place conditioning test, rats were re-administered the treatment dose and analgesia and body temperature were measured. All three sites associated with reinforcement evidenced hyperthermia, but only the periaqueductal gray evidenced a short latency analgesia. Sites with null place conditioning were not associated with any major behavioral effects. Using (+) and (-)-morphine (10 microgram), it was demonstrated that only the active (-)-stereoisomer was effective in producing place preferences after injection into the periaqueductal gray. It was concluded that morphine administered directly into parts of the rat brain can produce place conditioning similar to that seen after systematically administered morphine. Morphine-produced place preference is not related to the acute depressant aspects of morphine, but may be related to the stimulant aspects. PMID- 7116147 TI - Motoneuron properties during electromyogram pauses in sleep. AB - Electrophysiological antecedents to electromyogram pauses of NREM sleep were studied intracellularly in hindlimb motoneurons. Phasic-event-related hyperpolarizing potentials (PRHP) were 0.2-7.1 mV in amplitude and 9-90 ms in duration, and coincided with dorsal neck EMG pauses and PGO waves. Motoneurons, if spontaneously discharging, were silenced during PRHPs. The discharge rate of spike trains elicited by depolarizing current reduced during PRHPs. Membrane conductance measurements indicated that PRHPs did not arise simply from soma inhibition but from either presynaptic inhibition or conductance changes in electrically-remote dendrites. EMG pauses, which normally occur spontaneously, could be evoked by stimulation of low threshold fibers in peripheral nerves. PRHPs were most prevalent in REM sleep. We concluded that EMG pauses are generated by the same cholinergic brainstem mechanism that generates spino-bulbo spinal presynaptic inhibition of group Ia afferents. The pauses resemble the inhibitory phase of startle responses, providing evidence for the hypothesis that startle responses are spontaneously elicited in NREM and REM sleep. PMID- 7116149 TI - Behavioral effects of CNS transplants in the rat. AB - Embryonic forebrain tissue from 17-day embryos was transplanted into the midline cerebellum of 10-day-old rat pups. The animals were allowed to survive for behavioral testing and were compared with animals receiving aspiration lesions of midline cerebellum and with normal controls. Subsequent histology indicated that the transplanted tissue had produced a compression lesion of the host cerebellum and had become fully integrated with the neuropil of the host animal. Behavioral results revealed no significant differences between transplant and control animals. Both of these groups were discriminably different from the lesion condition. It is suggested that the transplant may establish afferent and efferent connections similar to those present in the intact animal and thus may be anatomically well integrated with the host brain. PMID- 7116148 TI - Classical conditioning of front paw and hind paw footshock induced analgesia (FSIA): naloxone reversibility and descending pathways. AB - Opiate and non-opiate footshock induced analgesia (FSIA) has recently been observed to be differentially elicited dependent upon the body region shocked; front paw and hind paw shock produce opiate and non-opiate analgesia, respectively. Previous studies have shown that footshock can also produce classically conditioned analgesia; that is, when shock is delivered to an animal, environmental cues become associated with the noxious stimulus such that these cues become capable, in and of themselves, of producing potent analgesia. The present series of experiments examined analgesia classically conditioned to either front paw or hind paw shock. The non-electrified shock grid served as the conditioned stimulus (CS), 90-s footshock as the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) and tail-flick inhibition as the unconditioned response (UCR). Following CS-UCS pairings, exposure to the non-electrified grid reliably produced prolonged analgesia. This classically conditioned analgesia appears to involve endogenous opioids, regardless of the body region shocked during conditioning trials, since the analgesia is attenuated by systemic naloxone and shows cross-tolerance to morphine. A spinal opioid site is involved since 1 microgram of naloxone delivered directly to the lumbosacral cord antagonizes the analgesia. Like front paw (opiate) FSIA, CCA can be prevented but cannot be reversed by naloxone; naloxone can antagonize classically conditioned analgesia only if it is delivered prior to exposure to the conditioned stimulus. Lastly, a similarity was recognized between classically conditioned analgesia and the analgesia induced by morphine, brain stimulation, front paw shock and hind paw shock in that all are mediated via descending pathways within the dorsolateral funiculus of the spinal cord. PMID- 7116150 TI - A dichotomous response by two populations of layer V pyramidal neurons in the old adult rat visual cortex to differential housing conditions. PMID- 7116151 TI - Viscerosomatic convergence onto spinothalamic tract neurons in the cat. PMID- 7116152 TI - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide excites mammalian dorsal horn neurons both in vivo and in vitro. AB - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) applied by iontophoresis and/or pressure microinjection causes a strong excitation of more than 75% of all tested spinal neurons in laminae I-VII of both the cat intact spinal cord and the rat spinal cord slice preparation. In the cat intact spinal cord the excitation is not limited to a single population of neurons but is observed in all categories of units recognized in spinal preparations of cats in this area on the basis of their excitability by different kinds of cutaneous afferent input. In the rat spinal cord slice preparation, VIP depolarized dorsal horn neurons and increased their excitability. The depolarization was associated with a decrease in neuronal input resistance. These results are consistent with the possibility that VIP may have a physiological role in synaptic function, either as a transmitter or as a modulator. PMID- 7116153 TI - Autoradiographic localization of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the hippocampus of patients with senile dementia. AB - Muscarinic cholinergic receptors were localized by autoradiography in the hippocampi from 4 patients with senile dementia (S. D.) and 4 neurologically normal age-matched controls. A large number of senile plaques were observed in the hippocampi from S.D. patients, whereas they were not observed in control brains. The distribution and density of muscarinic receptors was similar in control and S.D. patients. In the hippocampus, areas rich in receptors were subiculum, strata oriens, pyramidalis and radiatum and the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. The density of autoradiographic grains over the senile plaques was comparable to that over the surrounding neuropil, indicating that senile plaques have muscarinic receptors. PMID- 7116154 TI - Hormonal regulation of axonal sprouting in the hippocampus. AB - Removal of septal fibers to the rat hippocampal formation is followed by an ingrowth of sympathetic axons into the deafferented regions. We have shown previously that the pattern of sprouting is more restricted in males than in females when the lesions are made in mature animals, but is almost the same if lesions are made during the early postnatal period. In the present study, the relationship of circulating sex hormones to the sprouting response was investigated by comparing the extent of sympathetic axon ingrowth following fimbrial lesions in intact or gonadectomized adult male and female rats. The effects of manipulating sex steroids during development was examined by comparing sympathetic axonal sprouting after fimbrial lesions in rats which were castrated (male) or treated with testosterone (females and castrated males) on postnatal day 2. We find that (1) gonadectomy of either adult female or male rats does not affect the sprouting response, but (2) neonatal castration of male rats permits sprouting in a pattern similar to normal females, and neonatal testosterone treatment of females or castrated males results in the more limited sprouting response characteristic of normal males. These results indicate that the sex related differential response to fimbrial lesions may be determined by developmental differences in endogenous steroid levels. PMID- 7116155 TI - Radioautographic analysis of [14C]2-deoxyglucose uptake in hippocampal formation of the rat during enforced locomotor activity-induced theta. AB - The [14C]2-deoxyglucose ( [14C]2-DG) uptake in the hippocampal formation of the rat was studied following enforced locomotor activity-induced theta (M theta). M theta was found to be essentially associated with an increase in 2-DG uptake in the stratum oriens of the hippocampal CA1-CA2 areas. These data contrast with our previous findings that physostigmine-induced theta (I theta) is specifically associated with a decrease in 2-DG uptake in the stratum lacunosum moleculare of hippocampal CA1-CA2 areas. When both of our sets of radioautographic data are considered together, M theta and I theta appear to have a distinct neurophysiological basis. PMID- 7116156 TI - Superior colliculus activation by retinal nicotinic ganglion cells: a 2 deoxyglucose study. AB - Systemic injection of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, di isopropylfluorophosphate, in rats causes a marked increase in glucose use in the superficial layers of the superior colliculus. This activation of the superior colliculus is largely a retinal effect. Furthermore, since this response can be blocked by intraocular as well as systemic injections of mecamylamine, it is postulated that retinal nicotinic receptors are involved. PMID- 7116157 TI - The neural circuitry of the neocortex examined in the in vitro brain slice preparation. AB - The in vitro brain slice technique has been applied to the study of the neocortex. Cortical blocks were removed from adult rats deeply anesthesized with halothane, sectioned coronally at 400-700 micrometer, and placed in a brain slice chamber. Cortical slices typically showed spontaneous and evoked potential activity and normal histology for 8 h or longer. Single units and evoked potential recordings were made from different layers of the cortex using micropipettes. The evoked potentials to electrical stimulation of differing intensity, frequency, and from different cortical layers were analyzed. Evoked potential from all but the most superficial layers of the cortex showed a characteristic 6-component response to stimulation of nearby white matter. This evoked potential closely resembled cortical responses recorded in vivo by other investigators following afferent stimulation. The response amplitude of all components increased as stimulus intensity was raised. Radial movement of the recording electrode showed that components 1-3 had their largest amplitudes in the deepest cortical layers, component 4 reached its greatest amplitude and shortest latency in layer IV, and components 5 and 6 reached their greatest amplitudes in layers IV to II. The frequency following for various components was measured showing greater decline in amplitude for components 4-6 than 1-3. This, together with the results of previous investigators, suggests that the first 3 components represent afferent fiber input, while component 4 represents the first cortical response (layer IV). Components 5 and 6 represent later, additional cortical responses. Further support for the intracortical origin of component 4 was provided by lateral intracortical stimulation within layer IV, giving an evoked potential composed mostly of component 4. With lateral movement of the recording electrode in layer IV the evoked potential disappeared in under 1 mm, suggesting a fairly restricted afferent input to the cortex. The present results encourage the use of the cortical brain slice preparation as an appropriate model system in which to study cortical neural circuitry. PMID- 7116158 TI - Effects of systemic naloxone upon ventrobasal thalamus neuronal responses in arthritic rats. AB - This study deals with the effect of various doses of systemic naloxone (10 microgram, 300 microgram, 1 mg/kg) upon activities of 21 ventrobasa thalamus neurons recorded in 20 rats rendered arthritic by injection of Freund's adjuvant into the tail. These neurons presented reproducible responses to movement and/or mild lateral pressure on a joint and were recorded for at least 30 min after naloxone administration. Several neurons (5) were tested with two doses. After intravenous injection of naloxone at the dose of 10 microgram/kg (10 cases) there was a rapid decrease of the responses. The maximum effect occurred at 15 min when the mean value expressed as a percentage of the control was 46.20 +/- 8.51% (n = 10, P less than 0.001). Recovery could be considered as complete at 30 min. At the dose of 300 microgram/kg (9 cases), the decrease in the responses was less important, variable from one neuron to another but significant between 5 and 20 min (mean = 67.43 +/- 9.00% at 20 min, n = 7, P less than 0.01). At the dose of 1 mg/kg (7 cases), there was no significant modification of the response. Spontaneous firing rate of the neurons was slightly but significantly increased after injection of the two highest doses and unmodified after the lowest. The relationship between the depressive effect produced by low doses of naloxone upon the neuronal responses, and the 'bi-directional' analgesic-hyperalgesic action of the drug, demonstrated in these suffering rats, is discussed. PMID- 7116159 TI - The distribution of alterations in energy metabolism in the rat brain produced by apomorphine. AB - The effects of the putative dopaminergic agonist, apomorphine (0.15-5 mg/kg, i.v.), on glucose utilization in 43 anatomically discrete regions of the rat brain have been examined by the quantitative autoradiographic 2-deoxyglucose technique. Apomorphine failed to alter the rates of glucose utilization in 25 of these regions (for example, primary auditory areas, regions of white matter, hippocampal areas, nucleus accumbens and caudal regions of the neocortex). Dose dependent alterations in glucose utilization were observed following apomorphine administration in a number of regions known to contain dopaminergic receptors (viz: caudate nucleus, substantia nigra, amygdala, subthalamic nucleus and anterior cingulate cortex). Moreover, dose-dependent alterations in glucose utilization were produced by apomorphine in a number of regions thought to contain few specific dopaminergic receptors (e.g., cerebellar hemisphere and vermis, lamina VI of rostral neocortical areas, and ventral nucleus of the thalamus). The distribution of alterations in glucose utilization following apomorphine administration are considered to reflect the functional involvement of the region in the overall response to apomorphine, and not simply the topography of dopaminergic receptor mechanisms. PMID- 7116160 TI - Distribution of effects of haloperidol on energy metabolism in the rat brain. AB - The effects of the putative dopaminergic antagonist, haloperidol (0.01-10 mg/kg, i.v.), on cerebral glucose utilization in 43 anatomically discrete regions of the rat brain have been examined by the quantitative autoradiographic 2-deoxyglucose technique. Dose-dependent reductions in glucose utilization were observed in 10 regions of the CNS (e.g. hippocampus, ventral thalamus and almost the entire neocortex, with the notable exception of anterior cingulate cortex). Two regions of the CNS (nucleus accumbens and pars compacta of the substantia nigra) displayed dose-related increases in glucose utilization following haloperidol administration. In addition to these specific alterations, the largest doses of haloperidol produced widespread, moderate (about 25%) reductions in glucose utilization throughout the CNS. The prior administration of haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg) prevented the effects on glucose utilization of the administration of apomorphine (1.5 mg/kg) in all regions of the CNS examined. The distribution of alterations in glucose utilization following haloperidol administration are considered in relation to the overall functional consequences of dopaminergic receptor blockade. PMID- 7116161 TI - Projections from the cochlear nucleus to the cerebellum. AB - The connections between the brainstem auditory system and the cerebellar auditory area in the posterior vermis (VI, VII, and VIIIA) were studied using the horseradish peroxidase technique. Injections also were made in the cerebellar hemispheres, the paramedian and the vestibulocerebellum (VIIIB, IX). Labeled cells were found in the cochlear nuclei bilaterally, but not in the superior olivary complex or the inferior colliculus. As the injection sites moved more laterally from the vermis area to the paramedian and the cerebellar hemispheres, the number of labeled cochlear nucleus neurons decreased progressively. This observation suggests that the terminals of the cochlear-nucleus-cerebellum projection tend to concentrate in the vermis auditory area. In the cochlear nucleus, labeled cells did not appear to belong to a single, homogenous cell type, nor did the cells group into a single area in the cochlear nucleus. The total number of labeled neurons in one cochlear nucleus did not exceed 200 in our largest injection. PMID- 7116163 TI - The origin of efferent fibers to the inner ear in a turtle (Terrapene ornata). A horseradish peroxidase study. AB - The origin of efferent acoustic and vestibular fibers was determined in the turtle Terrapene ornata. After injection of an aqueous solution of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into either the cochlear duct or into the ampullae of the horizontal and anterior semicircular canals, neurons in the medullary reticular formation were labeled by the reaction production of retrogradely transported HRP. These neurons were located bilaterally in the medial reticular nucleus. The majority were found ipsilateral to the injection site. There was no demonstrable difference in size, shape, and labeling pattern between efferent acoustic and efferent vestibular neurons. The crossed component component of efferent acoustic fibers, however, was rather sparsely developed. PMID- 7116162 TI - The distribution of acetylcholinesterase in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat and monkey. AB - The distribution of acetylcholinesterase (AChe) has been examined histochemically in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the cat and the monkey, and in the cat visual cortex. It was found that in the cat, AChE is most concentrated in laminae A and A1. Lamina C-proper possessed a weak band of AChE in its ventral part. Only restricted patches of activity were observed in the medial interlaminar nucleus. Laminae C1-3 and the central interlaminar nucleus possessed very little AChE. This pattern of enzyme distribution suggests that in the cat LGN, AChe activity coincides with the sites of neurophysiologically recorded X-cells, which are predominantly found in laminae A and A1 and are scarce in the C laminae and the medial interlaminar nucleus. The presence of AChE over neurones in layer VI of both areas 17 and 18 of the cerebral cortex in the cat suggests the corticothalamic pathway as one possible source of geniculate AChE activity. In the monkey LGN, AChE activity was observed in the parvocellular and magnocellular layers. The activity was greatest in the magnocellular layers, which are believed to contain neurones driven predominantly by retinal Y-cells. Thus, for this species the correlation between AChE activity and X-cells does not seem to hold. PMID- 7116164 TI - Plasticity of meso-diencephalic projections to the inferior olive following neonatal hemicerebellectomy in rats. PMID- 7116165 TI - Differential terminal distribution of single large cutaneous afferent fibers in the spinal trigeminal nucleus and in the cervical spinal dorsal horn. PMID- 7116166 TI - Encoding of visual information: correlation of EEG response to intracellular response. AB - The intracellular average evoked response to full field flash in cat visual cortex was seen to have constant PSP correlates in every individual response, with a less constant relationship to spike activity. All components of the averaged evoked response in the gross EEG are explicable in the response of a single cell, including a component of latency 100 ms for which there is evidence of initiation at the apical dendrites. The data support the hypothesis that information about photostimulation is encoded at the level of the individual cell, with distortion resulting from extraneous "noise". PMID- 7116167 TI - Force sensation in isometric contractions: a relative force effect. AB - A contralateral limb matching paradigm was employed to investigate the perception of isometric forces. Both force and brachial biceps and triceps EMG were recorded from each arm as subjects matched isometric contractions on the basis of equal sensation. It was found that smaller forces were consistently overestimated in magnitude and that the most accurate estimation of force occurred around the middle of the force domain. It is proposed that these results reflect the properties of the biceps muscle which is predominantly involved in gross motor activity. PMID- 7116168 TI - Masculinization of toad pretrigeminal nucleus by androgens. AB - The magnocellular portion of the pretrigeminal nucleus (a structure involved in vocalization) of male toads contains large cells than does the female nucleus. Testosterone propionate injections caused essentially complete, and dihydrotestosterone injections incomplete, mascullinization of the female nucleus. Estradiol benzoate injections had little or no effect. The androgen effects are therefore largely direct rather than involving extensive aromatization of androgen to estrogen. PMID- 7116169 TI - Dissociation of hunger and self-stimulation by trigeminal deafferentation in the rat. AB - Section of trigeminal orosensory or oromotor nerves reduces food intake and disrupts performance of a food-reinforced lever pressing response but increases the rate of an identical level pressing response reinforced by electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus. Our findings suggest that trigeminal orosensation plays a critical role in the neural control of hunger in the rat. The results also fail to support a response-oriented theory of intracranial self stimulation where the latter is thought to involve selective facilitation of sensorimotor circuits underlying species-typical consummatory behavior. PMID- 7116170 TI - A type of basket cell in superficial layers of the cat visual cortex. A Golgi electron microscope study. AB - The axonal arborizations of the basket cells in the cerebral neocortex have long been considered as the source of the presynaptic terminals contacting the cell bodies of pyramidal cells. Given that the concept of the cortical basket cell is based upon indirect evidence only, it was deemed worthwhile to re-investigate this problem using the Golgi-EM technique. This approach permits one to trace the presynaptic terminals back to their parent cell body, so that it allows for a positive identification of basket cells, i.e. cells which produce axosomatic synapses by preference. A type of interneuron in layer II-III of the cat visual cortex is described. Its axon treminals form multiple synaptic contacts, of the symmetrical type, on cell bodies and proximal dendrites of pyramidal and non pyramidal cells. On the basis of this efferent synaptic pattern, this interneuron is considered to be a basket cell. The possible correspondence of this interneuronal type with other putative basket cells described in previous Golgi studies is discussed. In addition, a simple re-section method for semithin sections is described, which has been used to identify individual Golgi impregnated axonal boutons in electron microscopy. PMID- 7116171 TI - Non-hippocampal cortical projections from the entorhinal cortex in the rat and rhesus monkey. AB - The entorhinal cortices are known to give rise to powerful projections that terminate in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus. Collectively, these link the hippocampal formation to many parts of the cortex and to subcortical structures like the amygdala. Non-hippocampal projections from the entorhinal cortices are understood poorly. Such projections to neighboring temporal areas in the rat and rhesus monkey have been investigated using the autoradiographic and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) tracing procedures. In the rat, HRP-labeled neurons were observed in the intermediate and lateral fields of the entorhinal cortices after injections of temporal cortical areas 20, 35, 36 and 41. They were located predominantly in layers II, III and IV. In the monkey, HRP-labeled neurons were observed in the entorhinal cortices after injections of the rostral superior temporal gyrus (area TA or 22); the temporal polar cortex (area TG or 38); the inferior temporal cortex (area TE or 20); the perirhinal cortex (area 35) and the posterior parahippocampal cortices (areas TF and TH). Unlike the rat, labeled entorhinal neurons in the monkey were located in layer IV. Autoradiographic experiments in the monkey yielded complimentary results. In view of the fact that layer IV of the entorhinal cortex in both the rat and monkey receives a powerful projection from the subicular-CAl fields of the hippocampal formation, the results imply that this layer mediates an indirect non-fornical connection between the hippocampal formation and the temporal cortex. PMID- 7116172 TI - The location of brainstem neurones tonically inhibiting dorsal horn neurones of the cat. AB - In an investigation of the origin of tonic descending inhibition of dorsal horn neurones by impulses in unmyelinated primary afferents, brainstem regions were electrolytically lesioned. With each neurone studied, tonic descending inhibition was measured before and after brainstem lesions by cooling a segment of spinal cord cephalic to the recording site. Such inhibition was not reduced by lesions of areas which, when stimulated, produce analgesia. These included the periaqueductal grey and the raphe areas of the midbrain and pons-medulla. Tonic descending inhibition was reduced by bilateral lesions of the ventrolateral caudal medulla in the region of the lateral reticular nuclei. Lateral reticular areas may have a functional role in the control of pain. PMID- 7116174 TI - Inferior alveolar nerve regeneration and incisor pulpal reinnervation following intramandibular neurotomy in the cat. AB - Regeneration of the inferior alveolar nerve and mandibular incisor pulpal reinnervation was qualitatively and quantitatively examined by electron microscopy 2 days--11 months after intramandibular neurotomy in young adult cats. Fifteen millimeters central to the proximal stump moderate atrophic alterations of myelinated axons were observed 1--2 months after surgery. By 4--11 months a principally normal picture had been restored. The proportion of unmyelinated axons was increased 2--4 months after operation but had normalized by 11 months. In the distal stump the first regenerating axons were observed at 2 weeks. The regenerated myelinated axons failed to re-establish the previous fibre size range and normal axo-glial relations did not appear. A seemingly stable morphological pattern was reached 4--11 months postoperatively. In the late survival period the proportion of unmyelinated axons was subnormal. In the incisor pulps virtually all axons disappeared after surgery. By two weeks pulpal reinnervation had begun. From two months on, a structurally largely normal pulpal axon population was present except for some persisting unmyelinated axon degeneration. The findings are consistent with previous physiological data and suggest that structural normalization at proximal and preterminal levels follows upon re-establishment of peripheral contacts. PMID- 7116173 TI - Characteristics of midbrain respiratory neurons in sleep and wakefulness in the cat. AB - Midbrain neurons were recorded in sleep and wakefulness in chronic cats. In the first phase of this study, we attempted to detect respiratory neurons by observing neuronal activity on an oscilloscope and listening to it after audioamplification. We studied 780 neurons in this non-quantitative way and failed to detect any respiratory activity. In the second phase, 203 neurons were analyzed statistically: 15% of these had activity patterns significantly related to the respiratory cycle. In the third and final phase, we studied the details of the activity of midbrain respiratory neurons. Sixteen of 281 single neurons had discharge patterns significantly related to the respiratory cycle, but only 3 of the 16 were related to breathing with a consistency that essentially excluded the possibility of a false positive error. All 3 of these cells were only intermittently respiratory, and the intermittency varied from cell to cell and tended to depend upon the state of consciousness. These results differ substantially from reports that more than 30% of midbrain and diencephalic cells are respiratory neurons. The differences may be explained by the previous authors' use of a statistic, the respiratory nodulation index, that, as shown here and in a previous stimulation study, produces a large number of false positive errors. PMID- 7116175 TI - Prefrontal unit activity during a color discrimination task with GO and NO-GO responses in the monkey. AB - The activity of single neurons was recorded in the prefrontal cortex of monkeys performing a color discrimination GO and NO-GO task with a sequenced 3 visual stimuli (starting signal of a trial, discriminanda and command for response selection, respectively). A total of 161 units showed changes in their activity in association with at least one of the 4 events of the task (3 visual events and reward). Three patterns of activity change coupled to event onset (Type A, B nd C) were found irrespective of the kind of events. Type A was a transient activity increase after event onset. Fifty-two units showed the Type A change. Three fourths of them became active after one particular event, and the remaining one fourth after more than one event. Type B was a gradual activity increase preceding event onset followed by a decrease after event onset. Sixty-five units showed the Type B change. In two-thirds of them, the activity changes occurred around one particular event, and in the remaining one-third around more than one event. Type C consisted of sustained activity between two different events. Eighty-three units showed the Type C change. This type of change was found in 5 different combinations of events. Four-fifths of the 161 units showed one of 3 patterns, and the remaining one-fifth more than one of these patterns during different periods of a trial. It is suggested that Types A and B are involved in the information processing in relation to a particular event onset, and Type C provides a reference for distinction of events. PMID- 7116176 TI - Response properties of high-threshold cutaneous cold receptors in the primate. AB - Cutaneous high-threshold cold receptors (HCRs) in the monkey were identified as sensitive only to cold temperatures below 27 degrees C and not responsive to mechanical or heat noxious stimulation. Some HCRs had axons conducting in the low A-delta range while others had C fibers. The response properties of HCRs were contrasted with those of mechanothermal nociceptors, the latter believed to contribute to the sense of cold pain. HCRs with A delta fibers may contribute to the sense of innocuous cold below temperatures to which low-threshold cold receptors are maximally responsive. PMID- 7116178 TI - Long-term local and distal increases in tryptophan hydroxylase activity following intracerebral kainic acid injections in the rat. AB - The administration of kainic acid (1--2 micrograms) into the right striatum of adult rats resulted in a marked local increase in tryptophan hydroxylase activity (+ 54--106%). This change was significant as soon as on the second day after the treatment and persisted for at least 12 days. In addition, long-lasting elevations of tryptophan hydroxylase activity were also observed in the anterior raphe area, septum and ipsilateral hippocampus and cerebral cortex. In contrast, the intrahippocampal injection of kainic acid (1 microgram) induced a long-term increase in tryptophan hydroxylase activity only in the injected structure. In all cases, the changes in tryptophan hydroxylase activity were associated with significant increases in the Vmax of the enzyme with no alteration of its apparent affinities for tryptophan and the pterin cofactor. Studies of the sensitivity of tryptophan hydroxylase from control and from kainic acid-treated rats to in vitro activating conditions (Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation, partial trypsinization, exposure to sodium dodecyl sulfate) suggest that the intrastriatal injection of the neurotoxin induced a long-lasting activation of the enzyme. These findings indicate that intracerebral injections of kainic acid may be a valuable approach to explore further the mechanisms controlling tryptophan hydroxylase activity in vivo. PMID- 7116177 TI - The twitcher mouse: normal pattern of early myelination in the spinal cord. AB - The pattern of early myelination was investigated in the dorsal columns of the cervical spinal cord in the twitcher, an authentic murine model of human globoid cell leukodystrophy, and their littermates. There were no differences in the number of myelinated fibers until the day 20 postnatal. However, myelin sheath in the homozygous affected twitchers at the day 20 were thinner than those of heterozygous and normal littermates, while at the day 10 no significant differences were detected. These observations indicated that in the twitcher mouse, despite the genetic deficiency of galactosylceramidase, myelination progresses normally in early stages and then hypomyelination becomes apparent before myelin breakdown. PMID- 7116179 TI - Superior cerebellar peduncle lesions selectively abolish the ipsilateral classically conditioned nictitating membrane/eyelid response of the rabbit. PMID- 7116180 TI - Multipolar spiral ganglion neurons following organ of Corti loss. PMID- 7116182 TI - Gustatory neural response in the mouse. AB - Gustatory responses from the mouse chorda tympani nerve were tested with various chemical solutions. Magnitudes of integrated chorda tympani responses to the 4 basic taste stimuli were greater in the order of HCl, sucrose, NaCl and quinine HCl. Sucrose was the most effective sugar tested, while NaCl was the least effective salt, but divalent chloride salts were prominently effective stimulants. Many of single chorda tympani fibers responded specifically to one or two of the 4 basic taste stimuli. Single fibers sampled were classified into the following 5 types: sweet-type, Na-type, Ca-Mg-type, acid-type and quinine-type. PMID- 7116181 TI - Developmental and experimental changes in dendritic symmetry in n. laminaris of the chick. AB - Early acoustic experience affects the structure of neurons in the brainstem of young chickens. In the binaurally innervated cells of the nucleus laminaris the symmetry of the dorsal and ventral dendritic trees normally increases during the embryonic and early postnatal period. Unilateral ear plugs disrupt that development. This study shows that balanced stimulation plays an important role in the development of symmetrical neuronal structures in the central auditory pathway. PMID- 7116183 TI - Effects of postoperative environments following dorsal hippocampal lesions on dendritic branching and spines in rat occipital cortex. AB - Male Long-Evans rats sustained bilateral dorsal hippocampal lesions or were sham operated when 31 days old. They were reared thereafter in either an 'enriched' (EC) or an 'impoverished' (IC) environment for one month. The effects of lesion and rearing conditions were measured on dendritic branching and spines in layer V pyramidal cells of area 17 by using a concentric ring analysis and by counting the number of spines on 50 micron segments of basilar dendrites. Hippocampal lesions significantly decreased the branching and the number of spines in both EC and IC rats. In contrast to what was observed in most behavioral studies, in which the effects of the postoperative environment were even larger in animals with lesions than in control animals, the present experiment showed that the cytological measures were affected by postoperative rearing conditions only in sham-operated rats (EC greater than IC). It is suggested, therefore, that the morphologic processes underlying the effects of the environment on behavioral recovery after hippocampal lesions can hardly be located in layer V pyramidal cells of area 17, which is considered as one of the most sensitive to environment in intact animals. PMID- 7116184 TI - Environment-dependent development of glial tissue. PMID- 7116185 TI - Marked reorganization of Purkinje cell dendrites and spines in adult rat following vacating of synapses due to deafferentation. PMID- 7116186 TI - Direct inhibitory synaptic linkage of pause neurons with burst inhibitory neurons. PMID- 7116187 TI - General anesthetic block of a bifurcating axon. PMID- 7116188 TI - Low sensitivity of the neuroblastoma cell cholinergic receptors to erabutoxins and alpha-bungarotoxin. PMID- 7116189 TI - Metabolic mapping of functional activity in the rat olfactory system after a bilateral transection of the lateral olfactory tract. AB - The effects of the bilateral transection of the LOT on the patterns of 2 deoxyglucose uptake within the olfactory bulb and the olfactory projections were studied in adult rats. Animals were exposed to a pure neutral odor, ethyl acetoacetate (EAA) or to a biological alarming odor, fox odor. In intact animals, the patterns of glomerular activity elicited by EAA and fox odor appeared complex. An average number of 30-40 foci of 2-DG uptake was noted in each bulb and the optical density of the foci spread out according to a continuous gradient. These patterns were largely overlapping on the lateral aspect and the third-to-posterior part of the medial aspect of the bulb. Nevertheless, they were somewhat different and the spatial distribution of the darkest foci seemed particularly relevant for the pattern recognition. In lesioned animals, the same spatial distribution of the foci as in intact rats, was observed in the lateral and the medial aspects of the bulb. Nevertheless, lesioned animals presented some quantitative changes in their patterns of glomerular labeling. Moreover, these patterns appeared different according to the biological meaning of the odor tested. The bilateral transection of the LOT brought about a very strong decrease of the optical density in the direct olfactory projections. No evident change of 2-DG uptake was noted in the different tertiary olfactory projections. These 2-DG results confirm the anatomical data relating to the LOT projections. PMID- 7116190 TI - The diencephalic peninsula: self-stimulation after unilateral precollicular transection and removal of the telencephalon. PMID- 7116191 TI - Bilateral and multimodal sensory interactions of single cells in the pigeon's midbrain. AB - Standard microelectrode recording techniques were employed to monitor single unit activity in the pigeon's nucleus intercollicularis and medial substantia grisea et fibrosa periventricularis in response to visual, tactile and auditory stimuli. Approximately 40% of the units were driven exclusively by visual stimuli, 8% by tactile stimuli, 47% by both visual and tactile stimuli and a very small percentage by auditory stimuli. Visual receptive fields were generally excitatory in the contralateral eye and suppressive in the ipsilateral eye. Most units were movement selective and some demonstrated direction sensitivity, summation and habituation. Units were generally insensitive to stimulus shape or contrast reversal. Somatosensory receptive fields were located on both sides of the body and were either excitatory or suppressive or both. Ipsilateral visual and somatosensory bimodal inputs were most often of the same sign while ipsilateral visual and contralateral somatosensory bimodal inputs tended to be of opposite sign. Visual and somatosensory receptive field locations of bimodal units tended to be in register. PMID- 7116192 TI - Reduction in numbers of large ganglion cells in cat retina following intravitreous injection of antibodies. AB - Antibodies were prepared against large ganglion cells isolated from bovine retina and injected into the vitreous chamber of 1 eye in 6 adult cats. The other eye of each cat received either a control pre-immune gamma-globulin injection or was untreated. After a survival time of 9-86 days, ganglion cell density was assessed from Nissl-stained retinal whole-mounts. In each cat, there were fewer large ganglion cells (alpha-cells) in the immunoglobulin-injected retina than in the control retina. The reduction in large ganglion cells occurred in patches adjacent to areas of approximately normal large ganglion cell density. Counts of the number of large ganglion cells in both eyes of the 6 cats indicated that the immunoglobulin injected eyes had from 8% to 61% (mean 32%) fewer large ganglion cells than the paired control eyes. This was significantly greater than the difference in the number of large ganglion cells between pairs of normal or control-injected eyes. The magnitude of the effect was not related to the survival time following the immunoglobulin injection. Cell size measures of all ganglion cells in selected areas of retina indicated that the small ganglion cells were unaffected by the antibodies. However, there was a suggestion that the largest of the medium size ganglion cells were affected in addition to the large ganglion cells. Counts of total ganglion cells per unit area in affected regions of retina revealed a reduced overall density, suggesting that the ganglion cells were lost rather than decreased in size. These results indicate that antibodies to the large ganglion cells can be used to reduce the number of large ganglion cells (alpha-cells) in the cat retina. Since these cells correspond to the Y-cell functional class of ganglion cells in the cat retina, the antibodies may provide a useful tool for studying Y-cell function in the visual pathways. PMID- 7116193 TI - Presence of an endogenous factor which inhibits binding of alpha-bungarotoxin 2.2 to its receptor. AB - Cerebral cortical membranes and supernatant from rat were prepared by centrifugation of tissue homogenates at 45,000 g for 10 min. The supernatant fraction thus obtained was found to significantly inhibit alpha-bungarotoxin binding to the membrane preparation. After a 3 min incubation period, the supernatant inhibited toxin binding by approximately 65%, while the inhibition declined to about 40% after 30 min of incubation, presumably due to the slow reversibility of alpha-bungarotoxin binding. The choice of buffer was found to be an important determinant of the degree of inhibition observed, with 10 mM Tris pH 7.4 providing the most effective condition. This inhibition of toxin binding to cortical membranes by the 45,000 g supernatant was shown not to be due to adsorption of the radiolabeled compound to soluble or residual particulate material in the supernatant fraction. Specificity of the supernatant for the alpha-bungarotoxin site was demonstrated; a supernatant fraction could be prepared which inhibited alpha-bungarotoxin binding by 50% but had no effect on [3H]spiroperidol (DA2 and 5-HT2), [3H]prazosin (alpha 1-adrenergic, [3H]5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT1) and [3H]quinuclidinylbenzilate (muscarinic cholinergic) binding. The inhibition of toxin binding also occurred in several other CNS regions including hippocampus, brainstem, spinal cord and cerebellum with an 80 to 90% inhibition of binding occurring in the latter two regions. In addition, the 45,000 g cortical supernatant completely prevented the binding of alpha bungarotoxin to extrajunctional neuromuscular receptors and inhibited the binding to junctional receptors by 50%. Supernatants prepared from heart, liver and kidney or bovine serum albumin, at a concentration similar to the supernatant fraction, did not alter radiolabeled toxin binding to cortical membranes, while supernatant prepared from striated muscle tissue was effective. These results suggest there may be an endogenous ligand for the alpha-bungarotoxin 2.2 binding site in tissues which receive nicotinic cholinergic innervation. PMID- 7116194 TI - Footshock induced analgesia is dependent neither on pituitary nor sympathetic activation. AB - A variety of environmental stimuli have been demonstrated to produce behavioral analgesia. Of these, footshock has been shown to be capable of differentially eliciting opiate or non-opiate analgesia dependent upon the body region shocked; front paw and hind paw shock produce opiate and non-opiate analgesia, respectively. In addition, footshock can be used as a conditioned stimulus to elicit classically conditioned opiate analgesia. A question which arises is whether such plain inhibition is mediated by neural or hormonal pathways. Evidence exists which suggests that endogenous opioids in the pituitary and adrenal medulla may be involved in the production of environmentally induced analgesia. Furthermore, epinephrine administration has previously been shown to produce pronounced pain inhibition. However, the present series of experiments demonstrate that the pituitary-adrenal cortical and sympathetic-adrenal medullary axes are neither necessary nor sufficient for the production of footshock induced analgesia (FSIA). Hypophysectomy failed to attenuate front paw FSIA, hind paw FSIA or classically conditioned analgesia indicating that pituitary beta endorphin or other pituitary factors are not necessary for the production of analgesia. Adrenal opioids and peripheral catecholamines are also not critical since front paw FSIA was potentiated by adrenalectomy or total sympathetic blockade. Furthermore, pituitary and sympathetic activation are not sufficient for the production of analgesia since low thoracic spinalization allows normal hormonal response to front paw shock yet abolishes shock-induced inhibition of the spinally mediated tail flick reflex. These results provide strong evidence that front paw FSIA, hind paw FSIA and classically conditioned analgesia are mediated by neural, rather than hormonal pathways and provide further parallels between these forms of environmental analgesia, morphine analgesia and brain stimulation produced analgesia. PMID- 7116195 TI - Opiate vs non-opiate footshock induced analgesia (FSIA): descending and intraspinal components. AB - Opiate and non-opiate footshock induced analgesia (FSIA) can be differentially elicited dependent upon the body region shocked. As measured by the spinally mediated tail flick test, hind paw shock produces non-opiate analgesia where front paw shock produces opiate analgesia. The present series of experiments utilized cord lesions and transections to identify descending and intraspinal pathways mediating front paw and hind paw FSIA. The results of these studies indicate that front paw shock leads to activation of supraspinal sites which mediate analgesia via descending pathways lying solely within the dorsolateral funiculus (DLF) of the spinal cord; direct intraspinal pathways are not involved. Hind paw FSIA is also mediated by a descending DLF pathway but is unlike front paw FSIA in that it involves intraspinal pathways as well. This work provides further parallels between the analgesias produced by morphine, electrical brain stimulation and environmental stimuli. PMID- 7116196 TI - Dopaminergic mechanisms in the nucleus tractus solitarius and effects on blood pressure. AB - The actions of dopamine (DA) agonists and antagonists upon spontaneously active neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (nX), and the nucleus nervi hypoglossi (nXII) were studied. DA was applied microiontophoretically to 42 neurons within the NTS and nX. Sixteen of these cells were stimulated by DA and 9 neurons were depressed. In neurons localized in the nXII nucleus, DA inhibited 19 cells out of 23. Noradrenaline (NA) excited 11 out of 30 cells in the NTS and nX. In the area of nXII nucleus, NA inhibited 6 out of 19 cells and did not modify 11 cells. Acetylcholine (ACh) stimulated the firing of 18 out of 22 neurons. The effects on NA and DA were directly compared on 21 neurons in the NTS. On 16 cells of this group the responses to DA were quantitatively or qualitatively different from those to NA. The DA receptor blockers sulpiride and fluphenazine antagonized the effects of DA but not those due to NA or ACh. Bilateral microinjections of DA (50 nmole) in the area of the NTS induced an increase in systemic blood pressure and heart rate. ACh induced similar effects. NA in the NTS decreased blood pressure and produced bradycardia. The effects of DA on heart rate and blood pressure were blocked by sulpiride or fluphenazine. The cardiovascular role played by DA in the NTS is discussed. PMID- 7116197 TI - The cingulate cortex and gastric pathology. AB - Bilateral lesions in the anterior or posterior cingulate cortex were performed in rats. After a recovery period, the rats were immobilized for 24 hours. Results showed that posterior lesions increased the severity of the stomach pathology under restraint and non-restraint conditions. Anterior lesions, on the other hand, attenuated the effects of immobilization on gastric pathology. The data were discussed in reference to telencephalic limbic mechanisms and stress. PMID- 7116198 TI - Special senses are really special: evidence for a reciprocal, bilateral pathway between insular cortex and nucleus parabrachialis. PMID- 7116199 TI - A system for chronic single-unit recording in the behaving rat. PMID- 7116200 TI - An inexpensive multichannel infusion/withdrawal pump system. PMID- 7116201 TI - Visual evoked potentials (VEP) recorded from the hippocampus of the chronically implanted unanesthetized hedgehog. AB - Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were recorded from the dorsal hippocampus of chronically-implanted unanesthetized European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus). The hippocampal VEP is less complex in appearance than the VEP recorded from the visual cortex. It consists of several distinct, reliably reproducible peaks and one distinct afterpotential (AP). The ease of recording and the reliability of the elicited electrophysiological responses recommended this primitive placental insectivore for use in comparative electrophysiological and psychophysiological studies. PMID- 7116202 TI - Influence of histamine and pentobarbitone on plasma and CSF vasopressin levels of hypophysectomized rats. AB - Histamine increased vasopressin levels, as measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA), in both cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma of hypophysectomized rats, while histamine enhanced plasma but not CSF levels of vasopressin in sham operated rats. Pentobarbitone increased CSF vasopressin levels in hypophysectomized rats and in sham operated animals. The present data demonstrate that the histamine induced elevation of vasopressin levels in the blood is only temporarily disturbed after hypophysectomy, while the effect of histamine on CSF vasopressin levels of hypophysectomized rats is of a more permanent nature. PMID- 7116203 TI - Preparation of messenger RNA from mature skeletal and cardiac muscle. AB - Messenger RNA (poly(A) + RNA) has been prepared from mature skeletal muscle of adult rats by several procedures. These procedures involved oligodT-cellulose chromatography of either muscle polyribosomes (method 1), polysomal RNA isolated by CsCl gradient centrifugation of muscle polysomes (method 2), total muscle RNA isolated by CsCl gradient centrifugation (method 3), or total muscle RNA prepared by phenol extraction (method 4). Each procedure produced RNA in significant yields which sedimented in a broad band (from 4S to greater than 28S) on sodium dodecyl sulfate--sucrose gradients. In addition, poly (A) + RNA from each procedure stimulated protein synthesis in the wheat germ cell-free system. The best combination of yield and messenger activity was obtained for poly (A) + RNA prepared from polysomal RNA by method 2. This poly(A) + RNA preparation stimulated the cell-free synthesis of a number of presumptive myofibrillar proteins, including myosin heavy chain and actin, in the wheat germ system. The presence of the latter protein among the cell-free products was confirmed by DNase I affinity chromatography of appropriate reaction mixtures. Poly(A) + RNA was also isolated from rat cardiac muscle polysomal RNA by method 2. This RNA also directed the synthesis of myofibrillar proteins in the wheat germ system. The relative amounts of the proteins synthesized in the presence of skeletal and cardiac muscle poly(A) + RNA have been compared. The data indicate that the method described is suitable for the isolation of RNA with message activity from mature mammalian muscle. PMID- 7116204 TI - Reversible cryogenic alteration of the ultraviolet absorption spectra of the olefinic bonds in lipid membranes. AB - In earlier studies it was found that the association of basic polypeptides with lipid vesicles drastically altered ultraviolet absorption by the olefinic bonds of the lipid. Such an effect suggested that the polypeptide was increasing the polarity of the chromophore environment by either direct interaction with the acyl chains or by inducing their hydration. It is reported here that freeze-thaw cycling, which was expected to allow hydration of the olefinic-bond region of the membranes, caused the same spectral alteration as vesicle interaction with basic polypeptides. When these vesicles were subsequently placed under conditions that would be expected to accelerate the escape of water entrapped within the membranes (i.e., by placing them under vacuum or adding sucrose to establish a high osmotic gradient to their exterior), the absorption spectrum was rapidly restored to that for olefinic bonds in a nonpolar environment. Since placing the polylysine- dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) vesicle interaction product under the same conditions restored the spectral intensity, at 190 nm, to between 80 and 85% of that for the lipid in a nonpolar environment, it seems that a major effect of polylysine on DOPC membranes may be though induction of hydration of their interior. PMID- 7116205 TI - The structural heterogeneity of the carbohydrate moiety of desialylated human transferrin. AB - Human transferrin consists of a single chain polypeptide which supports two N glycosidically linked glycans at sequons a and b. Glycopeptides were released from human transferrin by proteolytic digestion, desialylated by mild acid hydrolysis, and then isolated by chromatographic methods. The structures of the glycans located on each sequon were determined by a combination of analytical techniques including Smith degradation, permethylation, and enzymic degradation. Approximately 79% of the total glycan from sequon a was of the biantennary type as previously described by Dorland and his colleagues (FEBS Lett. 77, 15-20 (1977)). The remaining 21% consisted of a mixture of triantennary and tetraantennary glycans, each amounting to approximately 10% of the total glycan for this sequon. The triantennary structure resembled that described for the N glycosidic triantennary glycans of bovine fetuin by Nilsson and his colleagues (J. Biol. Chem. 254, 4545-4553 (1979)). Of the tetraantennary glycan, approximately half of the structures were incomplete, i.e., one antenna terminated by N-acetylglucosamine. On sequon b, 81% of the glycan was biantennary, identical to those biantennary glycans of sequon a, and the reminder was triantennary, also of the fetuin type. The glycan structures and their locations on the polypeptide are related to the known subpopulations of human transferrin. PMID- 7116206 TI - Inhibition of cathepsin L and B by haptoglobin, the haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex, and asialohaptoglobin. "In vitro" studies in the rat. AB - In broadening our research on the inhibition of cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1) by rat haptoglobin, we have used the haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex and asialohaptoglobin. The inhibition of cathepsin L (EC 3.4.22.15), another lysosomal thiol proteinase, by haptoglobin and its related molecules has also been investigated. With azocasein as substrate, both enzymes were inhibited by both haptoglobin and its related molecules. When azocasein was used as a substrate, the apparent Michaelis constant (Km, app.) for cathepsin L was 1 X 10( 5) +/- 0.4 X 10(-5) M. When haptoglobin was added, the apparent inhibition constant (Ki, app) was 3 X 10(-8) +/- 2.5 X 10(-8) M. The results suggest that rat haptoglobin specifically inhibits lysosomal thiol proteinases and that it has a regulatory role in tissue proteolysis associated with the inflammatory reaction. On the other hand, these properties would seem to be peculiar to the systems rat haptoglobin-rat liver cathepsin B or L. PMID- 7116207 TI - The biosynthesis of triterpenoid carotenoids in Streptococcus faecium UNH 564P. AB - Cell-free enzyme preparations from Streptococcus faecium UNH 564P and Phycomyces blakesleeanus strain C5-car10(-) were used to study the incorporation of [14C]isopentenyl pyrophosphate and either all-trans-[4,8,12-3H]farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) or all-trans--[4,8,12,16-3H]geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) into squalene and the carotenoids of the organisms. It was found that the triterpenoid (C30) carotenoids of S. faecium are formed by condensation of two molecules of FPP similar to squalene biosynthesis rather than by condensation of two molecules of GGPP with subsequent degradation. Additional studies have shown that carotenoid glucoside biosynthesis in S. faecium extracts is stimulated by the addition of glucose and UDP-glucose. Such glucoside biosynthesis appears maximal in systems exposed to aeration. These results confirm that the triterpenoid carotenoids in S. faecium are symmetrical and are representatives of a unique new class of carotenoids. PMID- 7116208 TI - Sexual development in a homothallic fission yeast: synthesis of readiness proteins resolved by gel electrophoresis. AB - Sexual development of a homothallic strain of Schizosaccharomyces pombe was monitored by radiolabelling and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Of more than 60 bands detected by Coomassie brilliant blue and by autoradiography, about 30 bands synthesized during development were discrete enough for experimental analysis. About a dozen bands are preferentially vegetative, another dozen preferentially developmental. However, vegetative bands as a group are also synthesized during development. Their synthesis is relatively unaffected by low concentrations of cycloheximide or by chloramphenicol and is not temperature sensitive at 37 degrees C nor catabolite repressible. Only band 40 (ca. 40 000 daltons) seems to be exclusively vegetative. The synthesis of developmental bands 13, 18, 24, 30, and alpha, all of which first appear during late-log phase, is catabolite repressible. Developmental band 51 is also synthesized throughout the vegetative phase. The synthesis of bands 24, 30, 51, and alpha is temperature sensitive at 37 degrees C during the development, but that of band 18 is not. The synthesis of band 13 during development is not temperature sensitive, but its earlier synthesis during late-log phase is. The synthesis of all these six developmental bands is immediately inhibited by cycloheximide, but not by chloramphenicol. Their appearance as a group of radioactive bands is greatly diminished in cultures grown in cycloheximide, in chloramphenicol, or in ethidium bromide. Developmental bands 13, 18, 24, and 30 may be called readiness proteins. They first appear prior to the earliest morphological signs of sexual activity. Their developmental synthesis is inhibited by conditions that inhibit sexual development. Such inhibitory conditions include anaerobiosis, restrictive temperature, aging in stationary phase, the presence of inhibitors of cytoplasmic protein synthesis and of mitochondrial function, and catabolite repression. Readiness proteins may be regulating the switch from vegetative metabolism. PMID- 7116209 TI - Formation of erythrocyte rouleaux in preheated normal serum: roles of albumin polymers and lysophosphatidylcholine. AB - The role of humoral factors in cell-cell interactions was studied in a simple model system: the aggregation of erythrocytes into cylindrical rouleaux when suspended in normal serum preheated at 62 degree C for 20 min. The rouleaugenic activity of heated serum was associated with an increased concentration of albumin polymers. On heating above 62 degree C, albumin released ligands, such as lysophosphatidylcholine, in quantities sufficient to convert erythrocytes to acanthocytes. The latter did not participate in rouleaux formation. Thus normal serum only became rouleaugenic when heated over a narrow range of temperatures. These properties of serum were reproduced in a system consisting only of erythrocytes, heated albumin, and lysophosphatidylcholine. Rouleau formation increased as albumin polymer size increased. Unheated normal serum could also be made rouleaugenic merely by concentrating to above normal physiological concentrations. Unheated, unconcentrated, sera from patients with various diseases are known to be rouleaugenic, but polymeric albumin appears infrequently in such sera; usually there are increases in macroglobulins are large polymeric forms of smaller serum proteins. Current evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that a small shift in the concentration of one or more of these macromolecules above a critical value promotes a phase separation of erythrocytes which spontaneously aggregate to form rouleaux. PMID- 7116210 TI - Identification of hyaluronic acid as a component of human teratocarcinoma-derived cells of line PA 1. PMID- 7116211 TI - Partial structural analysis of concanavalin A binding glycopeptides of large size from human teratocarcinoma-derived cells: cleavage by hydrazinolysis and alkaline borohydride. AB - Pronase digests of cultured teratocarcinoma-derived cells (PA 1) of human origin have been previously shown to contain large-sized glycopeptides (relative mass (Mr) greater then 7400), of which 15-23% are retained by columns of concanavalin A (Con A) - Sepharose and can be eluted with 10 mM methyl alpha-D mannopyranoside. The present data show that this fraction (A - Con A II) contains a family of glycopeptides that are degradable with anhydrous hydrazine as well as with 0.05 M NaOH - 1 M NaBH4. The cleavage products representing individual oligosaccharide chains, presumably as oligosaccharides and glycopeptides, consisted mostly of medium- (Mr 1400-6000) and small-sized (Mr less than 1400) molecules. This implies that glycopeptides bearing several oligosaccharide chains were present in A - Con A II. Most of the individual oligosaccharide chains were not bound to Con A - Sepharose, but some were retained by the lectin column in the same way as the original glycopeptides. Some of the oligosaccharides were degraded partially with endo-beta-galactosidase from Escherichia freundii suggesting the presence of GalbetaGlcNAcbeta repeats. The present findings show that A - Con A II may be different from the "embryonic" glycopeptides of mouse teratocarcinoma cells that are reportedly not cleaved by mild alkaline borohydride treatment. Instead, A - Con A II is reminiscent of the T-1 glycopeptide of glycophorin. PMID- 7116212 TI - Vanishing infantile esotropia. AB - Three cases of large-angle infantile esotropia are presented. Over a minimum follow-up period of 37 months the angle of esotropia decreased spontaneously to less than 10 prism diopters without surgery or the use of glasses, and recognized late complications of infantile esotropia developed: bilateral overaction of the inferior oblique muscle in three cases, and latent nystagmus and dissociated vertical deviation in two cases each. The significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 7116213 TI - Electroretinographic evidence of miosis-induced peripheral ring scotoma. AB - The results of a previous series of experiments in rabbits suggested that under scotopic conditions miosis elevates the electroretinogram (ERG) threshold by casting a peripheral ring scotoma. In the present work similar experiments failed to show any change in the ERG under photopic conditions. PMID- 7116214 TI - Macular coccidioidomycosis. AB - A 26-year-old woman had an enlarging dense macular lesion in the right eye. The funduscopic and angiographic findings were distinctly different from those in macular histoplasmosis. She was found to have a coccidioidomycotic granuloma in the left lung and was treated with amphotericin B. Within a month the macular lesion was cicatricial. This appears to be the first reported case of presumed ocular coccidioidomycosis in Canada. PMID- 7116216 TI - Accidental cycloplegia with Transderm-V therapy. PMID- 7116215 TI - Bilateral occlusion of the central retinal artery associated with hyperglobulinemia in hairy cell leukemia. AB - A 49-year-old man with hairy cell leukemia experienced occlusion of both central retinal arteries in a 6-day period. Hyperglobulinemia was noted; however, immunoperoxidase studies failed to demonstrate that the hairy cells had produced the excess immunoglobulins. None of the other, more common, causes of occlusion of the central retinal artery were present. Plasmapheresis, in addition to more traditional methods of treatment, resulted in stabilization of the patient's vision. Subsequent fluorescein angiography revealed markedly diminished choroidal perfusion as well as delayed retinal perfusion. This appears to be the first account of bilateral occlusion of the central retinal artery secondary to a hyperviscosity syndrome, as well as the first description of ocular involvement by hairy cell leukemia. Speculation as to how the hyperglobulinemia related to the ocular manifestations is offered. PMID- 7116217 TI - Is ASA therapy for cataracts justified? PMID- 7116218 TI - Prolonged-wear contact lenses. PMID- 7116219 TI - Sources of variability in the results of applanation tonometry. AB - Sources of variability in measurements of intraocular pressure (IOP) by applanation tonometry were examined with a repeated 3 X 3 Latin square design that allowed independent extraction of variation attributable to nine patients, three observers and the order in which the observers performed the measurements. The observers, who were experienced, did not differ significantly in the general level of the IOP readings they obtained or in the variability of the readings. The effect of order was significant; there was an approximately linear decrease in IOP with successive measurements, though the difference between the first and second readings was the largest. The intrinsic variability of the IOP readings gave approximate 90% tolerance intervals of +/- 4.5 mm Hg for a single reading and +/- 3 mm Hg for the average of two readings. The mean decrement between the first and second IOP readings, 1.0 mm Hg, implies the need for a consistent protocol for successive sessions of applanation tonometry. PMID- 7116220 TI - Amiodarone-induced cornea verticillata. AB - Among 37 patients treated with amiodarone, an antiarrhythmic drug, a typical keratopathy developed in 35, none of whom had ocular complaints. The keratopathy resembled that seen with Fabry's disease and chloroquine use, as did the membrane bound lamellar bodies detected by electron microscopy in all layers of the corneal epithelium in the one patient with marked keratopathy in whom a corneal biopsy was performed; membrane-bound bodies, mostly granular, were also noted within this patient's stromal keratocytes. The possible pathogenesis of the keratopathy as a type of drug-induced lipidosis is discussed. PMID- 7116221 TI - Heterogeneity of the sympathetic innervation of rat interscapular brown adipose tissue via intercostal nerves. AB - The interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) of cold-acclimated white rats was partially denervated by cutting in most cases four of the five intercostal nerves going to one of its two bilaterally located, lobular pads. After 24 h the functional ability and the degree of residual sympathetic innervation of the pads and of their lobes were assessed (in separate groups of rats): the former by measuring tissue blood flow as an index of sympathetically mediated calorigenesis during exposure of the animals to -6 degrees C, the latter by measuring the residual noradrenaline (NA) content of the tissue. Only the four anterior intercostal nerves contributed significantly to the sympathetic innervation of IBAT pads. On average their contributions were unequal, but there was considerable variation between rats in the relative contribution of each nerve. The measurements on lobes of the pads indicated that the sympathetic fibers supplied by a given intercostal nerve were not distributed uniformly throughout the pad. For example, measurements of NA indicated that on average the fibers of the fourth nerve were four times as abundant in the lateral lobe as in the posterior lobe. But at this level of analysis also there was wide variation between rats. The variation in the participation of each intercostal nerve in the sympathetic innervation of rat IBAT and in the distribution of each nerve's fibers to different parts of the IBAT pad could be of genetic origin or it could reflect a considerable degree of flexibility during development of the innervation of IBAT. Because of the observation variation, it is suggested that if functional responses of IBAT evoked by electrical stimulation of intercostal nerves are to be recorded from a highly localized area of tissue, stimulation of all the nerves probably would be required to obtain responses that are consistent between animals. PMID- 7116222 TI - Pharmacological evidence for the existence of a neuronal amine uptake mechanism in the dog liver in vivo. AB - The possibility of a neuronal uptake mechanism in the liver was studied in dogs anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital. Plasma catecholamine concentrations in hepatic venous blood were determined by a radioenzymatic assay following injections of tyramine (30-1000 micrograms) into either the common hepatic artery or the portal vein. Concomitant changes in hepatic vascular parameters and aortic catecholamine concentrations were also investigated. The mean basal values for hepatic venous and aortic catecholamine concentrations were found to be 0.081 +/- 0.007 ng/mL and 0.433 +/- 0.080 ng/mL, respectively. Injections of tyramine (300 and 1000 micrograms) into the hepatic artery increased hepatic venous catecholamine concentrations significantly to 0.109 +/- 0.017 ng/mL and 0.126 +/- 0.023 ng/mL (P less than 0.05, n = 7), respectively. Hepatic arterial vascular conductance decreased concomitantly by 29.7 and 44.9% (P less than 0.05, n = 7), respectively. Intraportal injections of tyramine did not bring about significant changes in either hepatic venous catecholamine concentrations or portal venous vascular conductance at any dose tested. After inhibition of monoamine oxidase with pargyline (10 mg/kg. i.v.), the effects of tyramine (1000 micrograms) injected into the hepatic artery were potentiated. The duration of action was approximately 10 min after pargyline pretreatment (control duration: 1 min). The effects of tyramine were absent after inhibition of the neuronal uptake mechanism with desipramine (1 mg/kg. i.v.). No drug tested had a significant effect on aortic catecholamine concentrations. The present results support the presence of the neuronal uptake mechanism in the dog liver. PMID- 7116223 TI - Effect of salicylate on the fate of [14C]sulfinpyrazone in the rat. AB - The effect of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, 100 mg/kg, po) on the fate of [14C]sulfinpyrazone (50 mg/kg, ip) was studied in male Wistar rats. ASA increased the rate of elimination of [14C]sulfinpyrazone-derived radioactivity from the blood during the first 5 h following drug administration. A tissue distribution study at 4 h showed that ASA increased the concentration of radioactivity in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and decreased it in the blood, heart, lung, and testis. ASA had little or no effect on the urinary and fecal excretion of sulfinpyrazone metabolites. Biliary elimination of radioactivity was increased from 54.2 +/- 4.7 to 69.6 +/- 1.2% of the dose in the 0- to 5-h period by salicylate (SAL), a major in vivo metabolite of ASA. Bile flow rate was also increased by SAL. An in vitro protein binding study showed that SAL displaced sulfinpyrazone from its binding sites. The results suggested that, in the rat, SAL enhanced the rate of sulfinpyrazone elimination by a combination of its choleretic action and displacement of bound sulfinpyrazone from plasma proteins. PMID- 7116224 TI - Catecholamines and triiodothyronine variations and the calorigenic response to norepinephrine in cold-adapted and exercise-trained rats. AB - A comparison was made of the thermogenic response to norepinephrine (NE) in cold adapted (2 h per day at -15 degrees C for 5 weeks) and in exercise-trained rats (2 h swimming per day for 5 weeks). The oxygen consumption and the plasma catecholamine elevation were comparable for both conditions. Similarly plasma corticosterone determinations indicated comparable elevations in acute stress exposure and reduced responses in both exercise-trained and cold-adapted rats. The marked increase in colonic temperature which was observed in cold-adapted animals injected with NE (30 micrograms/100 g s.c.) was not found in exercise trained rats. Similarly the brown adipose tissue was double in size in the cold adapted rats but remained unchanged with exercise training. An important elevation of triiodothyronine (T3) was found in cold-exposed rats, either adapted or not. However, exercise was found to decrease plasma T3 in trained and nontrained rats. The results indicate that swimming for 2 h and exposure to cold (-15 degrees C) for 2 h produced comparable elevation of plasma corticosterone and catecholamine, and of oxygen consumption. However, only the cold-adapted animals develop a NE-induced thermogenesis. It is suggested that thyroid hormones are necessary as permissive factor, in stress-induced thermogenesis. PMID- 7116225 TI - Neural control of the intestinal migrating myoelectric complex. A pharmacological analysis. AB - A pharmacological analysis of the participation of autonomic nerves in the control of the intestinal migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) was conducted on six conscious fasting dogs with implanted bipolar electrodes. All dogs exhibited regularly recurring MMC's. Hexamethonium (2-10 mg/kg i.v.) or atropine (25-100 micrograms/kg i.v.) immediately suppressed all spiking activity, stopped the progression of the ongoing complexes, and prevented the initiation of new complexes for 2.5 to 5 h. Phentolamine (2-4 mg/kg i.v.) and propranolol (2 mg/kg i.v.) given separately or in combination had no observable effect on any of the different phases of the complex, its progression, or its frequency. Phenylephrine (0.5-1 mg/kg) inhibited the spiking phases of the complex. Isopropylnoradrenaline had no effect on the complex at doses (up to 30 micrograms/kg) which produced maximal cardiac chronotropic effect. The effects of these agonists were totally blocked by the doses of respective adrenergic antagonists used. Phenoxybenzamine given in a dose of 10-15 mg/kg i.v. produced effects similar to atropine apparently owing to blockade of cholinergic muscarinic receptors. It is concluded that (a) the regular spiking phases of the migrating complex result from cyclical and sequential activation of preganglionic fibers forming nicotinic synapses on postganglionic cholinergic excitatory neurones; and (b) the function of adrenergic nerves is not normally required for the MMC. PMID- 7116226 TI - Release of endogenous noradrenaline from the rat tail artery induced by veratridine. AB - The overflow of endogenous noradrenaline from the isolated rat tail artery was measured using a radioenzymatic method. Veratridine increased the overflow markedly even in the absence of external Ca2+. Modifications of the effect of 5 microM veratridine by tetrodotoxin, pargyline, cocaine, lidocaine, and phenoxybenzamine indicated that interaction of the alkaloid with the sodium channel induces primarily nonexocytotic release of noradrenaline. Ouabain inhibited the effect of 5 microM veratridine on the overflow into Ca2+-free solution, but it greatly potentiated the effect if external Ca2+ was present. Potentiation of the effect of veratridine in Ca2+-free solution by cyanide was ouabain sensitive. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that, at low concentrations of veratridine such as 5 microM, the initial cause of enhanced release of noradrenaline may be a consequence of increased activity of the sodium pump, namely increased consumption of ATP by the pump. PMID- 7116227 TI - Acute effects of amrinone on regional myocardial and systemic blood flow distribution in the dog. AB - The effect of bolus intravenous injections of amrinone (1-2 mg/kg) on abdominal organ, central nervous system, and myocardial blood flow distribution was examined in 15 anesthetized dogs. Blood flows were measured during control conditions and 5 and 60 min following drug administration using left atrial injection of 15-micrometers radionuclide-labeled spheres. Analysis of variance revealed that blood flow changes were similar in dogs receiving either drug dose (P greater than 0.10). Five minutes following injection, blood flow was increased (all P less than 0.05) in the renal cortex (+20.4%), spleen (+40.4%), and liver (+47.1%); flow was unchanged in other abdominal organs (pancreas, gallbladder, small and large intestine, and fundic and antral gastric mucosa) and the central nervous system (cervical spinal cord, pons, medulla, dorsal thalamus, cerebellum, caudate nucleus, and cerebral cortical gray and white matter); and flow was reduced in the triceps muscle (-23.7%). At this time, left ventricular flow was increased (+25.0%) and the left ventricular subendocardial/subepicardial (Endo/Epi) flow ratio was reduced (1.09 +/- 0.02 (SE) vs. 0.90 +/- 0.02, P less than 0.001). Sixty minutes following injection, renal and hepatic flows had returned to control values while splenic flow remained increased (+61.6%); intestinal, gastric mucosal, gallbladder, and triceps flows were reduced by values ranging from 26.7 to 38.9% and central nervous system perfusion was reduced by values ranging from 11.8 to 19.4% in all regions except the caudate nucleus. Although left ventricular flow had returned to control values, the Endo/Epi ratio (1.02 +/- 0.02) remained minimally reduced at this time (P less than 0.001). These results suggest that vascular responsiveness to intravenous amrinone is not uniform in different circulatory beds and that relative subendocardial under-perfusion of the left ventricular myocardium occurs following bolus intravenous amrinone injections in the dog. PMID- 7116228 TI - Depression of uterine blood flow in response to cord compression in sheep. AB - Seven conscious chronically cannulated ewes and their fetuses were studied in the third trimester of pregnancy. Compression of the umbilical cord for 4 min, to a degree simulating the occurrence in clinical obstetrics, not only produced the expected fetal hypoxia, acidemia, and cardiovascular effects but also significantly reduced uterine blood flow. In a ewe with twin fetuses, compression of the cord to only one fetus decreased the flow to that horn and had no effect on flow to the other horn. It is postulated that the reduction in uteroplacental flow was due to stimulation of alpha-adrenoceptors in the maternal placental vasculature by catecholamines of fetal organ, or the effects of increased tissue fluid pressure in the fetal placenta, or a combination of these mechanisms. PMID- 7116230 TI - The determination of the specific activity of plasma glycerol. AB - A method for the determination of the specific activity of plasma glycerol is described. Anionic contaminants are first removed from deproteinzed plasma by anionic exchange resins (treated plasma). Glycerol in treated plasma is then quantitatively converted to glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P), which is isolated by column chromatography and counted for 14C radio-activity. The specific activity thus calculated was 100.1 +/- 2.9% of a standard of known specific activity. When the specific activity of glycerol is determined from plasma without prior removal of anionic contaminants (untreated plasma), the calculated specific activity is 1.99 +/- 0.15 times higher than the one calculated after their removal. Omission of the removal of contaminants leads to a near 100% error in the calculation of the turnover rate of glycerol. PMID- 7116229 TI - Excitability of primary afferents in feline spinal cord: taurine, homotaurine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid compared. AB - Effects of taurine and homotaurine (3-aminopropanesulfonic acid), on excitability of primary afferents were compared with effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in spinal unanaesthesized cats. Homotaurine and GABA, administered intravenously or topically, produced a marked increase in afferent excitability. Homotaurine was about 10 times more potent than GABA. Taurine (up to 2 mmol/kg i.v., or 10 mM topically) did not produce a consistent change in afferent excitability. The effect of homotaurine was antagonized by bicuculline or picrotoxin in doses which suppressed the primary afferent depolarization, as indicated by an increase of afferent excitability, evoked by conditioning stimulation of an antagonistic muscle nerve. Semicarbazide, an inhibitor of GABA synthesis, did not attenuate the homotaurine-induced excitability changes of afferents while suppressing entirely the primary afferent depolarization. These findings suggest that homotaurine exerts a direct GABA-like action on feline primary afferents. PMID- 7116232 TI - Bacteriocin production by Pseudomonas syringae PsW-1 in plant tissue. AB - The production and activity of syringacin W-1, a particulate bacteriocin made by Pseudomonas syringae PsW-1, was studied in plant tissue. The bacteriocin is rod shaped, approximately 20 nm wide and 75 nm long, and composed of an outer sheath and inner core. Both the producing strain, PsW-1, and a sensitive strain, 16, grew within red kidney bean stems. Strains PsW-1 and 16, or mutants derived from them, were injected into bean stems singly or in mixtures. All singly inoculated strains grew well. However, when the bacteriocin-producing strain was co inoculated with the sensitive strain, the latter grew poorly, if at all. This was not due to competition for available nutrients, since the sensitive strain grew as well in the presence of a bacteriocin-nonproducing mutant as it did alone. Also, a bacteriocin-resistant mutant grew as well in the presence of a bacteriocin-nonproducing mutant as it did alone. Also, a bacteriocin-resistant mutant grew as well in the presence of the producing strain as it did alone. Bacteriocin activity and particles were recovered from infected plant tissue. PMID- 7116231 TI - Selective inhibitory synapse loss in chronic cortical slabs: a morphological basis for epileptic susceptibility. PMID- 7116233 TI - The protective mechanism of action of amines in diphtheria toxin treated Vero cells. AB - The mechanisms by which a number of alkylamines and ethylenediamine derivatives protect Vero cells from diphtheria toxin were studied. The protective alkylamines and ethylenediamine compounds blocked the cellular degradation of diphtheria toxin, but did not prevent bulk toxin uptake. Specific antibody neutralized the inhibitory effects of toxin on protein synthesis in amine-treated cells when added at 37 degrees C, but was ineffective when added at 4 degrees C. Analogous results were obtained when inositol hexaphosphate was used in the place of specific antibody. Both experiments suggested that, in the presence of the amine compounds studied, diphtheria toxin is sequestered intracellularly and is recycled to the surface for antibody or inositol hexaphosphate neutralization. Finally, it was shown that the protective amines markedly increased the intralysosomal pH of Vero cells and that when the pH of the culture medium was lowered to 4.5, the amine-mediated protective effect was bypassed. In general, the results suggest that the amines exert their protective effect at the level of some acidic intracellular vesicle population, possibly the lysosomes, and thus may indicate a crucial role for the lysosomes in the generation of cytotoxicity. PMID- 7116234 TI - The occurrence of filamentous fungi in drinking water distribution systems. AB - The densities of filamentous fungal colonies, together with physicochemical and bacteriological parameters, were assessed in a chlorinated and unchlorinated drinking water distribution system at eight separate times over a period of 1 year. Filamentous fungal colonies were enumerated by membrane filtration on Czapek-Dox agar. The mean number of filamentous fungal colony-forming units per 100 mL of drinking water was 18 in the unchlorinated and 34 in the chlorinated system. The majority of filamentous fungi isolated wee saprophytic Deuteromycotina. The four most frequently occurring genera were Penicillium, Sporocybe, Acremonium, and Paecilomyces. In the chlorinated system, only physicochemical parameters correlated with observed fungal frequencies, whereas in the unchlorinated system, none of the parameters exhibited significant correlations with fungal numbers. PMID- 7116235 TI - Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate splitting enzyme(s) of sheep and rabbit erythrocytes: their effect on the growth of Haemophilus. AB - Fragility of rabbit erythrocytes in agar plates results in gradual release of their NAD and NADP contents into the medium. Due to high NADase and negligible NADPase activity of rabbit red blood cell stroma at neutral pH, the NAD released into the medium is hydrolyzed and NADP remains intact. Thus, rabbit erythrocytes and their lysates support the growth of NAD(P)-requiring Haemophilus by serving as a source of NADP. Stability of sheep erythrocytes in agar plates results in retention of their NAD and NADP contents and consequently in inhibition of growth of NAD(P)-requiring Haemophilus. The highly active NAD- and NADP-splitting enzyme(s) of sheep red blood cell stroma prevent(s) the growth of Haemophilus on sheep blood lysates through inactivation of both NAD and NADP which are released into the medium. PMID- 7116236 TI - Phenotypic differentiation of some of the Veillonella species with the API ZYM system. PMID- 7116237 TI - "Limbic predilection in Alzheimer dementia: is reactivated herpesvirus involved?". AB - In the brains of patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT), the quantitatively pathognomonic neuronal lesions (tangles, plaques, granulovacuolar degeneration, Hirano bodies, and nerve cell loss) are predisposed to occur especially within the limbic system. Anatomical and physiological studies indicate that fibres from the trigeminal ganglia innervate meninges and vessels within the middle and anterior cranial fossae, especially in the same subfrontal and mesial temporal regions preferentially afflicted in acute herpes encephalitis. These limbic regions are critical for normal memory processing and recall. Explantation and cocultivation techniques have recently demonstrated Herpes simplex virus in many humans trigeminal ganglia, which also reveal a life long lymphocytic infiltration in the absence of any pathological changes in the sensory neurones. These lymphocytes may represent a histological marker of latent herpes virus, which when reactivating is well-established as the ganglionic source of recurrent herpes labialis. It is suggested that reactivation of the same dormant viral material travelling centripetally instead might be the cause of the "degenerative" lesions typical both of Alzheimer's Disease and of the normal aged human brain. PMID- 7116238 TI - Anticholinergics in adult-onset focal dystonia. AB - Anticholinergics are one of the most common treatments used in adult-onset focal dystonias although their general efficacy has not been proven. We have investigated the effects of intravenous administration of atropine, benztropine and chlorpheniramine, in comparison to normal saline, in 20 patients with adult onset focal dystonias (spasmodic torticollis (9), cranial dystonia (6), writer's cramp (5), and have retrospectively reviewed the notes of 78 patients (spasmodic torticollis (38), cranial dystonia (25), writer's cramp (15), who had received chronic oral anticholinergic therapy in varying doses at some time in the past. Patients with spasmodic torticollis and writer's cramp showed no consistent change with any of the intravenous drugs, while the few with cranial dystonia who improved usually did so at the expense of drug-induced sedation. The natural variability of these disorders was evident in the response to normal saline, which caused changes in the scores for severity of the involuntary movements of 20% or more in some patients. Only 8 of the patients who had received chronic oral therapy obtained more than mild benefit, and in 3 of them this improvement was transient. We conclude that cholinergic mechanism are not of general or prime importance in the pathogenesis of adult-onset focal dystonias. However, each new patient warrants a trial of chronic oral anticholinergic therapy in view of the occasional useful responses obtained with these drugs. PMID- 7116239 TI - Epidural hematoma: report of seven cases with delayed evolution of symptoms. AB - Epidural hematomas occasionally have a prolonged clinical course with gradual evolution of the neurologic symptoms. Seven such cases are reviewed in this report. Although the clinical course is insidious, there are certain features which should signal the presence of a slowly expanding hematoma. After an apparently minor head injury, the patient who is usually in the younger age group, develops headache. This persists and is accompanied by other non-specific neurologic symptoms which may lead to a mistaken diagnosis of "post-concussion syndrome". Papilledema and focal neurologic deficits eventually appear. Definitive diagnosis is made by the CT scan, although contrast enhancement may be necessary to confirm the nature of the lesion. The treatment is craniotomy and evacuation of the hematoma before serious neurologic deterioration occurs. PMID- 7116240 TI - Flash electroretinogram abnormalities in patients with clinically definite multiple sclerosis. AB - We studied the flash electroretinograms (ERGs) of 105 patients with multiple sclerosis who were divided into four groups. The first group had no history or clinical evidence of optic nerve dysfunction, the second and third groups had either left or right optic nerve disease respectively, and the fourth group had historical or clinical evidence of bilateral optic nerve disease. Statistical analysis of the data using analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the group of patients with no history or clinical evidence of optic nerve disease had no significant difference from the control group for their peak b-wave implicit times but the other three groups were significantly delayed on the affected side(s). Using the Mann-Whitney U-test we found all four patient groups had significantly greater absolute interocular latency differences from the control group. The electroretinal contribution to flash VEP delay was also investigated. In those patients with unilateral or bilateral optic nerve disease we found that in 14-31% of those patients with flash VEP delay there was also abnormal prolongation of the ERG b-wave. These results confirm a high incidence of retinal dysfunction in multiple sclerosis patients and may suggest that transynaptic degeneration of retinal structures occurs in optic nerve demyelination. The significant absolute interocular latency difference in particular may provide another electrophysiological parameter to establish a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis in suspect cases. PMID- 7116241 TI - Orientation-specific visual evoked potential deficits in multiple sclerosis. AB - Checkerboard pattern reversal visual evoked potentials (VEPs) have proved useful in the confirmation of optic nerve disease in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Recently evidence of orientation-specific loss in contrast sensitivity and the presence of orientation-specific visual evoked potential (VEP) deficits in MS patients has been obtained using sinusoidal gratings as stimuli. This study reports the presence of orientation-specific VEP delay in MS using the conventional checkerboard pattern presented in two orientations: normally oriented (check condition) or diagonally oriented (diamond condition). Peak latency values of the N70 and P100 components of the VEP were statistically analyzed using appropriate ANOVA and nonparametric statistics. As a group of MS patients showed significant VEP delays under check and diamond pattern conditions. However, individual subject analysis revealed that about 20% of the MS population show VEP delay to only one pattern orientation. It was shown that by including a diamond pattern condition the diagnostic yield of VEP delay in these clinically definite MS patients was increased 11% over that obtained with check stimulation alone. PMID- 7116242 TI - Mechanisms of brain damage in twins. AB - The brains of 18 twins dying in the perinatal period showed a variety of lesions. Eleven had subependymal cell plate hemorrhage which had ruptured into the lateral ventricles in five. Five had periventricular damage. Three had anoxic neuronal damage. One acardiac monster had bilateral cerebral infarction. One pair had unequal sized brains, probably due to unequal intrauterine nutrition. Twins have a high perinatal mortality and morbidity; as well, intrauterine events may alter brain growth and development in each twin unequally, so they are an imperfect model to study the effect of genes and environment on intelligence. PMID- 7116243 TI - Benign familial neonatal convulsions. AB - Benign familial neonatal convulsions are a rare genetic seizure disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. They consist of brief episodes of seizures, recurring during the first few days or weeks of life in otherwise normal babies; their prognosis is good. We report a family in which at least 12 members in three generations presented with this condition; they all had an excellent outcome. PMID- 7116245 TI - The two-step management of breast cancer. PMID- 7116244 TI - Sixth National Scientific Workshop of the Muscular Dystrophy Association of Canada. Abstracts. PMID- 7116246 TI - Techniques and results of arterial prosthetic bypass for aortoiliac occlusive disease. PMID- 7116247 TI - Mechanism of perforation occurring in the intussuscipiens during hydrostatic reduction of intussusception. AB - Perforation of bowel during attempted hydrostatic reduction of an intussusception almost always occurs through the distal, apparently uninvolved bowel. It is probably never seen except in a group of at-risk children, under 6 months of age. It is not related to unduly high enema pressure, but to involvement of the blood supply in the intussusceptum and obstruction of the blood supply with resulting ischemic changes in the "apparently" uninvolved intussuscipiens. The authors provide support for their suggested mechanism by their findings at operation and in the resected specimens from seven children with an irreducible intussusception and one 5-month-old child whose bowel perforated during attempted hydrostatic reduction. Because children under 6 months of age are susceptible to perforation, hydrostatic reduction of intussuscepted bowel is contraindicated. PMID- 7116248 TI - Obliteration of processus vaginalis and inguinal hernial sacs in children. AB - The configuration of the sac in 100 children presenting consecutively with inguinal hernia was studied in an attempt to understand the mechanism of obliteration of the processus vaginalis. Seven clinicoanatomic varieties were found. From a review of these, three possible mechanisms of obliteration of the processus are postulated: (a) progressive fibrous obliteration of the funicular portion of the process in a cephalad direction beginning above the epididymis, (b) initial compression of the funicular portion of the process into a narrow tubular structure by surrounding tissue pressure followed by fibrous pressure followed by fibrous obliteration and (c) initial segmentation of the funicular portion followed by variable fibrous obliteration. The testicular portion of the process, in any of the above mechanisms, shrinks to form two membranes with potential space between them as the contained fluid is absorbed. The types of potential hernial sacs resulting from arrest of any of these forms of obliteration are also described. PMID- 7116249 TI - Symposium on the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease in children and adolescents. Medical management. AB - Children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease experience problems that their adult counterparts do not share. Although there are some similarities, the goals of therapy are different. The general medical management of these patients consists of stabilization in the acute phase and control of the disease to allow the patient to grow and lead as normal a life as possible in the chronic phase. Nutritional therapy is a very important aspect of this management, but drugs such as steroids and sulfasalazine and, under special circumstances, other medications are useful adjuncts. Supportive psychotherapy is also important. PMID- 7116251 TI - Surgical management of ulcerative colitis. AB - Most patients with universal ulcerative colitis ultimately require a colectomy either to treat the inflammatory process or to prevent the subsequent development of a malignant tumour. Since the introduction of total proctocolectomy and ileostomy for the definitive surgical management of ulcerative colitis, this procedure has become the standard operative therapy for this disease. The description of the eversion technique of ileostomy in 1952 improved the life style of patients with an ileostomy and made the total proctocolectomy a more attractive procedure. Nevertheless, many patients are emotionally disturbed by having an incontinent ileostomy and often will delay their surgery because of the associated psychologic trauma. Because of this, the Kock pouch or continent ileostomy has been introduced and advocated during the past decade. This procedure has met with notable success but has found less application in the younger patient. However, even the continent ileostomy is associated with a certain amount of psychologic trauma because of the abdominal stoma. Therefore, the endorectal pull-through has recently been used for the management of ulcerative colitis. First introduced in 1948, this procedure allows total removal of the diseased bowel, maintains continence and eliminates the need for an ileostomy. During the last 3 1/2 years, the author has used the endorectal pull through to treat 24 patients with ulcerative colitis and 1 with familial polyposis. The results are encouraging in that all patients are continent and the average daily stool frequency is 6 to 10. These results and those of others support the continued use of this new surgical approach to the management of ulcerative colitis. PMID- 7116250 TI - Symposium on the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease in children and adolescents. Nutritional therapy. AB - Malnutrition contributes substantially to the severity and morbidity of inflammatory bowel disease in children. Causes of malnutrition include decreased oral intake, excessive nutrient losses, increased nutritional requirements and malabsorption. Nutritional therapy is used to correct specific deficiencies, delayed growth and puberty, and as primary therapy to achieve total bowel rest in patients with disease that is resistant to conventional medical treatment. Total parenteral nutrition has been used successfully in patients with nonfistulous Crohn's disease and in those with retarded growth. Results are not as encouraging in patients who have Crohn's disease with fistula and in patients with ulcerative colitis. Continuous elemental enteral nutrition seems promising, but more controlled studies are needed to assess critically the value of this form of therapy. PMID- 7116253 TI - Surgical treatment of Crohn's disease. AB - Of 93 children with Crohn's disease treated at the Hopital Sainte-Justine between 1967 and 1979, 39 were operated on. Ten had abscesses and anal fistulas drained and in 29 the bowel was resected. The mean age of the children was 13 years. The average time between onset and diagnosis for both the medical and surgical groups was 13 months. Medical treatment failed in 25 patients after an average time of 22 +/- 17 months. Fourteen patients had an initial laparotomy, with a false diagnosis of appendicitis in 8, abdominal tumour in 2 and Meckel's diverticulum in 1. Indications for operation were: intestinal obstruction, bowel fistula, intra-abdominal abscess, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, growth failure and toxic megacolon. There were no deaths and only two postoperative infections. Crohn's disease seems to be becoming more frequent, more severe and starting earlier in life. Three to 6 weeks of preoperative preparation with enteral and parenteral nutrition allows operation to be performed under safer conditions. Although the recurrence rate after operation is still high, there is no doubt that the children enjoy a better quality of life, growth and a 50% chance of being disease free 10 years later. PMID- 7116252 TI - Evolution of the Kock continent reservoir ileostomy. AB - A continent reservoir ileostomy was constructed in 85 patients, 9 of whom were adolescents. Indications for the procedure included organic problems related to the ileostomy as well as psychologic and sexual difficulties related to an external appliance. Fifty-eight patients had conversion from a conventional ileostomy. Twenty-five patients underwent total proctocolectomy and Kock ileostomy. An intussuscepted "nipple valve" was used in all cases. Follow-up ranged from 4 to 10 months. There were no operative deaths. Eighty-two patients are completely continent with regard to both flatus and stool. Only two patients wear an external appliance. No one has requested a return to a conventional ileostomy. No reservoirs have been removed. Ten of the initial 17 patients (59%) required at least one additional surgical procedure for early or late complications, the most frequent of which were intestinal obstruction, sliding or prolapse of the nipple valve and fistula. Technical modifications have reduced this morbidity; they included using SGIA staples across the nipple valve and a fascial sling around the outlet. These modifications have been used in 28 additional patients and in 5 from the original series. Ten of these 33 patients (30%) have required intra-abdominal operation for revision, 5 because of sliding of the nipple valve. Further modifications using a Marlex mesh sling have been made in 40 additional patients and in 7 patients from the original series. Six of these 47 patients (11%) have undergone or will undergo intra-abdominal operation for revision. Only one case of nipple valve sliding has occurred in this group. Marlex mesh has now been replaced by Prolene mesh. The benefits of the continent ileostomy are substantial. The author's results have continued to improve with experience and with the technical modifications outlined. PMID- 7116254 TI - Protection of ischemic myocardium: the roles of nutrition and myocardial glycogen. AB - The ischemic myocardium utilizes glycogen as metabolic substrate. The effects of oral nutrition on the levels of glycogen in the myocardium and of myocardial glycogen content on myocardial tolerance to ischemia were studied. Rats were divided into groups and fed (a) rat chow, (b) rat chow plus 5% dextrose, and elemental diets (c) Flexical (Mead Johnson) or (d) Vital (Ross Laboratories). Another group was starved. All fed groups gained weight normally while the starved rats lost 23% of their body weight. Compared with the effect on rat chow, myocardial glycogen levels were elevated in the Flexical and starvation groups, while Vital depressed the level (P less than 0.01). Thus, both caloric intake and diet affected myocardial glycogen content. Elevation of myocardial glycogen content after starvation contrasted with glycogen disappearance from the liver. The level of myocardial glycogen and left ventricular function after global ischemia were correlated in dogs under cardiopulmonary bypass conditions. During 30 minutes of normothermic aortic cross-clamping, hearts with a preischemic myocardial glycogen content greater than 0.4 g% had less asystole or ventricular fibrillation. Their left ventricular function (stroke work index, myocardial contractility) upon reperfusion was substantially better than those with a myocardial glycogen level of less than 0.4 g%. Dietary manipulation and the nutritional status can thus affect the myocardial glycogen content and may be useful in protecting the myocardium from ischemia. PMID- 7116256 TI - Urolithiasis in children. AB - Between 1971 and 1980, 55 children with urolithiasis were assessed and treated. Pediatric urolithiasis accounted for 1:4090 hospital admissions. Forty percent of patients had no identifiable predisposition to urolithiasis. Eight patients presented with hematuria in the absence of renal colic suggesting that pediatric urolithiasis, although uncommon, is an important cause of painless hematuria. PMID- 7116255 TI - Adenocarcinoma of the appendix. AB - The experience in Hamilton, Ontario, with adenocarcinoma of the appendix, between 1974 and 1980, is reviewed and the findings are compared with those of a previous report from Hamilton. There were seven patients (five men and two women) in the current series. The average age was 55.6 years. The unusual presenting signs and symptoms of this tumour are noted; the diagnosis is rarely made preoperatively. This tumor often cannot be distinguished from cecal or ileal malignant tumours. Detailed histologic examination of all specimens is essential to identify epithelial types and to plan treatment. While appendectomy alone may suffice for tumours confined to the appendiceal mucosa, radical right hemicolectomy is still the standard therapy. The authors' study shows no improvement in preoperative diagnosis, or in prognosis, over the earlier report. The authors recommend (a) that this condition be considered in the diagnosis of any appendiceal mass that is not obviously inflammatory, and (b) the frequent use of frozen-section examination to confirm the diagnosis. PMID- 7116257 TI - Solitary diverticulitis of the right colon. AB - Inflammation of a solitary diverticulum of the right colon is uncommon; approximately 500 cases have been reported. A 72-year-old woman underwent laparotomy for possible appendicitis. Unexpectedly, a mass was found in the ascending colon close to the ileocecal junction. Carcinoma was suspected and right hemicolectomy was done. The pathological diagnosis was acute suppurative solitary diverticulitis with perforation and pericolic abscess. From his case and a review of the literature the author concludes that inflammation in a solitary diverticulum of the cecum is a distinct entity. Its etiology is uncertain, but a congenital origin is widely accepted. Clinically it mimics appendicitis; at operation it is often indistinguishable from carcinoma. Roentgenogram after a barium enema is diagnostic. The condition is treated by diverticulectomy, wedge resection or colectomy. Abscesses are drained. PMID- 7116258 TI - The estrogen receptor test: a prognostic tool in primary breast cancer. AB - To evaluate the usefulness of the estrogen receptor test as a prognostic indicator, a retrospective study of 134 patients with primary breast cancer was carried out at the Ottawa Civic Hospital. The estrogen receptor values, measured in a single laboratory, were correlated with the recurrence rate and the survival time after recurrence. Other well-established prognostic data, such as stage of cancer, lymph-node involvement and menopausal state, have been similarly examined to ensure that information obtained from the estrogen receptor test offers more than a duplication of information from these traditional methods. It was found that this test is a useful prognostic tool when used on premenopausal women. The results of the study show that (a) breast cancer patients having positive estrogen receptor values have recurrences less frequently, (b) among estrogen receptor-negative patients there is more than a 50% chance of early recurrence in premenopausal women compared with less than a 20% chance in postmenopausal women, (c) conventional adjuvant chemotherapy in estrogen receptor-negative premenopausal patients does not prevent early recurrence, hence, this group requires more aggressive adjuvant treatment and (d) the method described by Heuson and colleagues for estrogen receptor determination follows the trends of better-established tests. PMID- 7116262 TI - Cimetidine for treatment of alkalemia. PMID- 7116263 TI - Gorlin's syndrome, or nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. AB - Gorlin's syndrome is a condition inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. It involves many organs, but principally affects the skin, skeleton, and endocrine and nervous systems. The most common features are multiple nervi and basal cell carcinomas of the skin, benign jaw cysts, dyskeratotic pits in the palms and soles, rib and vertebral abnormalities, brachymetacarpalism, and calcification of the falx cerebri. In 14 patients, 4 of whom belonged to one family, the age at the time of diagnosis ranged from 11 to 63 years. Ten patients are alive, but five are severely disfigured by carcinomas. Two patients died of complications resulting from uncontrolled tumours, and two died of other cancers. New skin tumours constantly develop; small ones can be excised, but large ones require extensive surgery with or without radiotherapy. PMID- 7116264 TI - Career development of McMaster University medical graduates and its implications for Canadian medical manpower. AB - A study was undertaken of the career paths and decisions, and the factors influencing the decisions, of the first six graduating classes of McMaster University's medical school. Climate and geography, preference for urban or rural living and influence of spouse were the factors that most influenced the location of practice, although the graduates who moved to the United States considered economic factors important too. Nearly one third of the specialists were practising in the United States. Personal challenge and positive clinical experience in the field were the major influences on choice of medical field. Graduates entering a specialty were more likely than those entering primary care to consider encouragement of others, a positive example set by medical school faculty members, working hours and research experience in the field as important influences on their choice of medical field. Data are needed on the career decisions, and the factors affecting them, of the graduates of all Canadian medical schools if Canadian medical manpower planning is to be realistic. PMID- 7116259 TI - The elderly: abused or abusers? PMID- 7116260 TI - Circumcision. PMID- 7116268 TI - Recurrent bilateral reversible migrainous hemiparesis during pregnancy. PMID- 7116267 TI - Declining incidence of analgesic nephropathy in Canada. AB - Surveys of nephrologists in Canada indicate that the incidence of analgesic nephropathy has decreased by about 50% in less than a decade in association with the removal of phenacetin from the market and restrictions on the availability analgesic mixtures containing acetaminophen and acetylsalicylic acid. The number of patients presenting with end-stage renal disease attributed to analgesics has shown a similar drop. These decreases have occurred in spite of increased consumption of acetaminophen as a single analgesic. Analgesic nephropathy should not be expected to disappear, however, since there is evidence that the drugs still in use have the potential to cause renal damage. PMID- 7116265 TI - Why is the number of pregnancies among teenagers decreasing? AB - The issue of pregnancy among adolescent women has received considerable attention from the media. Contrary to common belief, both the numbers and the rates of such pregnancies, even when data on abortion are included, have been declining. Patterns of contraception may account for some of the decrease; however, more study is required. In the past, unmarried teenagers who became pregnant either got married or put the baby up for adoption. Now they can either have an abortion or keep the baby. Solutions to the problems of pregnancy among teenagers must therefore be addressed to these altered social consequences rather than to misleading comments about "epidemics", with their suggestion of increased rates of pregnancy. PMID- 7116261 TI - Tartrazine. PMID- 7116270 TI - Atypical presentation of Cardiobacterium hominis endocarditis. PMID- 7116272 TI - Alcoholic hypoglycemia and alcoholic ketoacidosis: sequential events of the same process? PMID- 7116269 TI - Spurious detection of a high serum imipramine level due to coating of Vacutainer stopper. PMID- 7116271 TI - Child abuse with laxatives. PMID- 7116273 TI - The certification examination: opinions of royal college examiners. AB - There has been increasing concern among candidates and psychiatrists regarding the Canadian written and oral certification examinations. Views of candidates and psychiatrists have been obtained. The results presented in this survey were obtained through a questionnaire that was completed by 64 past and present Royal College examiners. General support for the establishment of guidelines for the selection of examiners, for increased emphasis on the use of in-training evaluations and for the need of clear operational criteria for examiners and candidates was voiced. Finally, the evaluation model that most responding examiners favoured included re-introducing one part essay into the written examination. Overall, although finding it exhausting, most examiners enjoy examining and are satisfied with the present system. Recommendations concerning improvements to the present system are presented. PMID- 7116274 TI - Psychosomatic disorders in the elderly. AB - There is no agreement on the incidence or prevalence of psychosomatic disorders in the elderly. This is due in large part to the methodological difficulties of the epidemiological studies which have not employed the same diagnostic criteria and classification. Drawing on the literature and on clinical experience, a classification is offered, and using the diagnostic criteria explicit in this classification, probable trends are identified. Pseudodementia may well be the only stress-related disorder that is peculiar to the elderly. PMID- 7116266 TI - Rheumatic fever in native children in Manitoba. AB - From data reported to a central computer file, cases of rheumatic fever in persons under 17 years of age in Manitoba were reviewed. Although the overall incidence of the disease declined throughout the study period, Jan. 1, 1970 to July 1, 1979, the rates per 100 000 population were higher overall (36) and for non-natives (29) and much higher for natives (126) than average rates in urban centres around the world. Rates of death and readmission showed that the disease was also more severe in the native Manitoba children. PMID- 7116275 TI - Acute paranoid reaction (bouffee delirante) in Canada. AB - The syndrome of acute paranoid reaction is studied within the Canadian context. The main purpose of the study is to clarify its nosology and diagnostic criteria so that its diagnosis becomes more reliable and true epidemiological rates may be established. The historical development of the concept is briefly outlined in a review of the world literature, with particular attention being paid to its defining characteristics. The differential diagnosis with schizophrenia and paranoid states is of great importance given the different prognosis and treatment. Evidence from the literature is presented to show the role of sociocultural factors in the causation and diagnosis of this syndrome. Canadian data of first admissions to mental hospitals with diagnoses of reactive psychosis, including acute paranoid reaction type, for the years 1969-1973, in selected provinces, are presented. Rates of reactive psychoses as proportions of all admissions and all admission psychoses are compared with rates available for other European and Third World countries. Canadian national rates are lower and it is argued that the lower incidence is partly attributable to misdiagnosis which in turn is due to psychiatric training and to the neglect of the role attributed to sociocultural factors in the genesis of this condition. PMID- 7116276 TI - Monosymptomatic hypochondriacal psychosis: a diagnostic checklist based on 50 cases of the disorder. PMID- 7116277 TI - An investigation of the possible inverse relationships between the occurrence of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and schizophrenia. AB - One hundred and eleven inpatients with schizophrenia and 51 with other psychiatric conditions were compared for the frequency of rheumatoid arthritis, other connective tissue disorders and other physical illness. Evidence both of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis was significantly less in the schizophrenia group. Latex Agglutination Tests were positive to the same extent in both groups. One possible explanation of the findings is that they are due to the reduced frequency of trauma or stress to the joints in schizophrenic inpatients, many of whom lived in hospital, compared with the control group. Other explanations are also considered. PMID- 7116279 TI - [Sub-groups in the domain of limited states]. PMID- 7116278 TI - A psychiatric clinic for the deaf. AB - From the increasing number of requests being received by the Deafness Clinic (as many in the first three months of 1981 as in the whole of 1980), it would appear there is a sizable minority in Canada for whom psychiatric and mental health services are not easily accessible in their present form. Not only does hearing impairment significantly affect language, communication and social skills acquisition, it also separates persons so affected from services that other Canadians take for granted. PMID- 7116282 TI - Patterns of gender-role behaviour in children attending traditional and non traditional day-care centres. AB - Using a sex-typed free-play task and the Draw-a-Person test, the gender-role behaviour of children attending a day-care centre whose staff adhered to a "non sexist" child-rearing philosophy was compared to the gender-role behaviour of children attending a more traditional day-care center. Parental provision of sex typed and neutral toys and approval of cross-sex role behaviour was also assessed. On both measures, the two groups of children showed culturally typical patterns of gender-role behaviour. The parents of the two groups of children were generally similar in terms of the kinds of toys they provided and in their attitudes toward the expression of cross-sex role behaviour. Potential explanations for the inability to demonstrate effects of the "non-sexist" child rearing philosophy were discussed. PMID- 7116281 TI - Success conflict 65 years later: contributions and confusions. PMID- 7116283 TI - The psychiatric certification examination in Canada and the United States: views of two recent candidates. AB - The psychiatry certification process in both Canada and the United States is compared. Three important and interrelated areas are delineated: 1) the role of mandatory certification in Canada versus voluntary certification in the United States; 2) the differing emphasis of neurology and the medical model in the two exam procedures; and 3) the effect of the speciality exam on professional development. Compulsory certification in Canada has the potential to steer candidates in a direction that may not be immediately consonant with career plans and population needs. On the other hand, the American Board examination by its optional character does not seem to reach a large percentage of psychiatrists, an issue that has implications for the education of medical professionals. The ambiguity of the American Board's quasi-public position is portrayed. Competence in neurology appears as a distinct area for evaluation in the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology examination. The emphasis on neurology in the Canadian Royal College exam is less marked. These issues lead to a discussion of psychiatry in Canada as a discipline in its own right as contrasted to the mixed loyalties to neurology and psychotherapy perceived in the American system. Finally, this paper sheds light on how the certification examination of both countries plays an important role in the passage to full professional status. PMID- 7116284 TI - Agoraphobia. AB - The authors focus on the nature of agoraphobia and on treatments for it. A variety of myths about agoraphobia are examined such as those concerning the patient's childhood, sexual development, and marital history, and the conclusion is that none of these helps in understanding the nature of the condition. The recent notion that agoraphobia is merely a form of endogenous depression is refuted. Of the four traditional languages of psychiatry, the medical and behavioural models are currently more in vogue than the genetic or psychoanalytic, but there are limitations in all models. It is shown why the behavioural therapies for agoraphobia may not be as universally helpful as implied by the recent research literature. The apparent success of both pharmacotherapy and behaviour therapy leaves models of agoraphobia which are at variance with each other, and the authors suggest possible lines of research which might resolve the contradiction. PMID- 7116280 TI - Psychogenic pseudoseizures in non-epileptic patients. AB - Twelve non-epileptic patients with psychogenic "convulsive" pseudoseizures were studied to delineate useful diagnostic criteria. Six patients had severe psychological disturbances, a long pseudoseizure history and a poor prognosis, while the other six showed little psychopathology, had undergone a recent emotional trauma to account for their pseudoseizures and had a relatively good prognosis. The characteristics of a typical attack precipitated by suggestion, the ictal or post-ictal EEG and the overall patient profile allowed a definite diagnosis in each case. PMID- 7116286 TI - Characterization of two newly established human cell lines from patients with large-cell anaplastic lung carcinoma. AB - Two permanent cell lines, designated LU-65 and SK-Luci-6, were established from large-cell anaplastic lung cancers of two patients. Both cell lines grew as solid tumors in nude mice. The histologic pattern of the tumors in the nude mouse resembled that of the primary lung cancers in that the xeno-transplanted tissues showed no distinctive features indicative of cell type, a finding consistent with origin from a large-cell anaplastic lung cancer. Cells from both lines formed clones in semisolid agar. Flow cytometric analysis of SK-Luci-6 showed a hypertriploid stemline with a very high RNA-index. Line LU-65 had a hyperdiploid stemline evolving into a hypertriploid stemline with a high RNA-index. Chromosome analysis showed aneuploidy with abnormalities and marker chromosomes in both tumor cell lines. The isoenzyme pattern of LU-65 and Sk-Luci-6 indicated that they were of human origin and distinct from HeLa cells or another common contaminating line. Both cell lines released biologically active agents that could have caused the neutrophilia and hypercalcemia seen in the patients. PMID- 7116287 TI - The endodermal origin of the endocrine cells of an adenocarcinoma of the colon of the rat. AB - A transplantable adenocarcinoma of the colon of the rat, which contained mucous, columnar, endocrine, and undifferentiated carcinoma cells, were cloned to see if each of the differentiated cell lineages had a common cell or origin. Four clonal lines were produced by the transplantation of single cells using micropipettes. Each tumor contained all four cell lineages but in markedly differing proportions. A confirmatory experiment was performed using a lung colony cloning assay. Seven tumors were obtained; each had mucous, columnar, endocrine, and undifferentiated cells. It is concluded that the endocrine cells of the colon are derived by differentiation from endoderm. They are not of neural crest origin. PMID- 7116285 TI - Acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia: prognostic factors in adults with long-term follow-up. AB - Seventy-nine adult patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) were treated on the L-6 protocol at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center between May 1970 and January 1974. Forty-two patients achieved a complete remission (CR) and nine of these are still disease free, with a minimum of seven years of follow-up. An extensive statistical analysis has been carried out on a large number of pretreatment and treatment characteristics to identify factors related to CR and remission duration. Multivariate regression techniques yielded as favorable characteristics associated with CR, in order of importance: young age at diagnosis, the presence of Auer rods at diagnosis, and treatment with Pseudomonas vaccine. A regression model for remission duration identified as favorable prognostic factors for long-term remission: at most two courses of induction therapy, an intermediate age range, and a low platelet count at diagnosis. PMID- 7116290 TI - Autopsy findings in squamous-cell carcinoma of the esophagus. AB - The findings at autopsy of 79 patients with esophageal carcinoma over a period of 15 years were reviewed. Five patients were free of tumor, and another seven had disease localized to the esophagus and other mediastinal structures. Sixty-seven (85%) had metastatic disease. The average number of metastatic sites per patient was 3.3. Most common metastatic sites were lymph nodes (73%), lung (52%), and liver (47%). The patients in this series had a higher incidence of metastases than those in other published series. Possible reasons for this discrepancy include race and sex differences between this population and those in previous reports, as well as the fact that this series includes very few postoperative deaths. PMID- 7116288 TI - Mesenchymal differentiation in trigeminal neurilemmoma. AB - An unusual neurilemmoma of the trigeminal nerve in a 31-year-old woman is described. The neoplasm was roentgenographically calcified and contained various types of mesenchymal tissue, including a cavernous angioma, cartilage, bone, and adipose tissue. Angioma in combination with neurilemmoma occurs more frequently than other forms of mesenchymal tissue. Lipoma is an uncommon component of neoplasms affecting the cranial nerves. Cartilage and bone are rarely encountered in benign intracranial neurilemmomas. The histogenesis of this combined neoplasm is discussed in relation to the ectomesenchymal properties of the neural crest. PMID- 7116289 TI - Cytologic diagnosis of radiographically occult squamous call carcinoma of the lung. AB - From 1978-1980, 20 patients with radiographically occult squamous cell carcinoma of the lung were admitted to Toronto General Hospital. Among them, five had in situ carcinoma, three had microinvasive carcinoma, and 12 early invasive. All cases were first diagnosed by cytologic examinations of sputum, localized by bronchoscopy, and had been verified histologically. It appears that a cytologic diagnosis of in situ squamous cell carcinoma of the lung could not be established on the basis of a single abnormal squamous cell or an occasional group of abnormal cells, but could be reached by putting together all the cytologic findings observed in the preparations. The criteria for the cytologic diagnosis are elucidated. Cytomorphologically there was no difference between microinvasive and advanced invasive carcinoma. However, in a patient with known localized in situ carcinoma and previous persistent cytologic findings of the same from that particular site, the finding of frankly malignant cells from the same site in the follow-up bronchoscopic examination was almost definitely an indication of microinvasive carcinoma, which usually showed evidence of both in situ and invasive carcinoma in the bronchial brushing specimens. None of the three microinvasive carcinoma cases had positive lymph nodes, but four of the 12 patients with early invasive carcinoma had metastases to the nodes at the time of surgery. Hence, the best time to effectively treat the invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the lung is at the microinvasive stage when the disease is considered curable. PMID- 7116291 TI - Tumor classification and size in germ-cell testicular cancer: influence on the occurrence of metastases. AB - The influence of local tumor spread (T-classification) and of tumor size on the occurrence of metastases was studied in 241 patients with testicular germ-cell neoplasms. All patients underwent thorough clinical or pathologic staging, or both, and were treated at the University of Minnesota Hospitals. Spread of tumor through the tunica vaginalis (T2) was associated with abdominal lymph node or distant metastases in eight of nine patients. Local tumor extension to the spermatic cord (T4a) was associated with metastatic spread in 29 of 31 men. Tumor size did not appear to correlate with metastatic rate. These findings are an important aid in designing adjuvant therapy trials and in establishing a "no treatment" approach after orchiectomy. PMID- 7116292 TI - Choroid metastases from transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: a case report and a review of the literature. AB - A case of choroidal metastases as the initial manifestation of disseminated bladder cancer is presented. Ocular metastases are an extremely rare manifestation of bladder cancer and when present, usually are a late manifestation. The pathophysiology of ocular metastases is discussed and literature is surveyed. PMID- 7116293 TI - Thymoma with distant intrathoracic implants, with CT confirmation. AB - A 52-year-old woman with a history of myasthenia presented with an anterior mediastinal mass and three other apparent pleural-based lesions on the side of the mediastinal lesion. These masses were confirmed by computed tomography and believed to represent distant intrathoracic implants from the presumed mediastinal thymoma. This knowledge directed proper surgical approach and clinical management in this patient, now free of disease four years later. PMID- 7116295 TI - Thymolipoma in association with myasthenia gravis. AB - Among 72 thymic tumors that were examined we have found five (7.5%) thymolipomas. Two of these patients have had clinical symptoms. One, a five-year-old boy, has had an erythrocyte hypoplasia as well as a hypogammaglobulinemia. The other patient, a 56-year-old man, has had myasthenia gravis. This case is the second in the world literature in which a thymolipoma is associated with symptoms of myasthenia gravis. The clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic findings and the pathogenesis of thymolipoma are discussed. PMID- 7116294 TI - Cystic mesothelioma of the peritoneum: a report of five cases and review of the literature. AB - Five cases of the recently characterized cystic mesothelioma of the peritoneum are presented. The patients, all women, ranged in age from 23-50, and were seen with large, solitary or multiple, multicystic masses involving the abdominal and pelvic peritoneum. Histologically, they consisted of interconnecting cystic cavities lined by a single layer of flattened to cuboidal cells with variable nuclear atypia. These cells in one case showed ultrastructural features consistent with mesothelial origin. In follow-up periods ranging from 1-13 years, two patients have had recurrence of disease, but all patients are still alive. When these cases are combined with the ten previously reported, the recurrence rate in patients followed for two years or more is 50% (four of eight). This lesion may represent a clinically "borderline" variant between the better known benign (adenomatoid tumor) and malignant mesotheliomas of the peritoneum. PMID- 7116296 TI - Superficial spreading carcinoma of the esophagus. AB - Superficial spreading type of carcinoma of the esophagus was defined as lesions with intramucosal extension of carcinoma 20 mm or more from the main lesion. Eleven (6.1%) of 179 cases were thus selected for this investigation. These cases were further divided into two groups: Group A, consisting of four cases (2.2%) with the main lesion confined to the submucosa, representing a relatively early stage; and Group B, consisting of seven cases (3.9%) with the main lesion invading the muscular layer or deeper. One of the most characteristic features in the four cases belonging to Group A was an unexpectedly high incidence of lymphatic permeation and lymph node metastases leading to a poor prognosis. Another feature that may be important, particularly for surgeons performing esophagectomy, was the difficulty in deciding the proximal resection line of the esophagus because the boundaries between involved and uninvolved portions were frequently indistinguishable in this particular pathologic entity, not only in Group A but in Group B. PMID- 7116298 TI - The natural history of resectable metastatic melanoma (Stage IVA melanoma). AB - One-hundred-two patients with malignant melanoma who had distant metastases surgically resected and were judged to be clinically free of disease (M. D. Anderson Stage IVA melanoma) were studied. The median survival for all the patients from time of diagnosis of stage IVA disease was 18 months. The site of the resected metastases did not appear to influence survival, being approximately the same for the brain (15 months), lung (16 months), intraabdominal (18 months), and skin and/or lymph nodes (23 months). The site of the resected metastases also did not influence the median disease-free interval. Patients who had metastases resected from several organs at the same time had a median survival of 15 months, which was similar to that of patients with one resected site. Patients who were rendered Stage IVA on several occasions by surgical excisions had a median survival of 36 months. Thirty-five patients received surgery only and 67 patients received adjuvant chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or combined chemoimmunotherapy after surgery. For the group treated with surgery only, the median disease-free interval and survival from diagnosis of stage IVA disease were 6 months and 16 months, respectively, and for the adjuvant group 6 months and 21 months, respectively. Specifically, by the type of adjuvant therapy, the median disease free interval and survival from stage IVA for 23 patients receiving Corynebacterium parvum were 6.9 and 19 months; for 39 patients receiving BCG, eight months and 26 months; for 24 patients receiving BCG + DTIC, eight and 17.4 months; and for all 51 DTIC treated patients 6.3 and 17.8 months, respectively. Patients receiving BCG had a median survival superior to the surgery only group (P = 0.02). An increase in survival was seen predominantly in patients who achieved IVA status more than once and received BCG. Patients with recurrent soft tissue metastases appeared to benefit most from BCG in prolonging the disease free interval. Only 1/10 treated by surgery alone had a disease-free interval longer than 1 year, compared with 9/16 who received BCG (P = 0.01). Stage IVA melanoma appears to be distinctly different in prognosis from Stage IVB melanoma and should be classified separately. Patients with recurrent soft-tissue disease may benefit significantly from treatment with BCG. PMID- 7116297 TI - Age changes in metastatic patterns in renal adenocarcinoma. AB - The metastatic pattern in primary renal adenocarcinoma with respect to age has been studied by analyzing the necropsy records of 1828 patients. Metastasis-free cases were noticeably frequent in the patients over 70 years of age. The metastatic pattern varied with age and was classified grossly into four types according to the age-associated change in frequency: (1) diminishing; (2) increasing; (3) peaked; and (4) invariable. The incidence of hematogenous metastases showed little or no relation to advancing age whereas dissemination, which was possibly lymphogenous, was found to diminish as the age advanced, the latter trend being especially conspicuous in patients with lymph nodes distant from the primary lesion. It has been inferred that organs displaying comparable tendencies of age-associated change in frequency of metastasis may share the same route of dissemination. PMID- 7116302 TI - Definitive treatment of extensive anorectal carcinoma by external and interstitial irradiation. AB - Forty-patients with locally extensive carcinoma of the anorectum were treated by a combination of external and interstitial irradiation from April 1, 1974 to January 30, 1979. Twenty-eight patients (70%) achieved complete local tumor control and two more patients with residual tumor were salvaged by surgery. Twenty-four patients remain alive with local control for an average follow up period of three years. The overall complication rate has been 20%. PMID- 7116300 TI - Toxicity of very high dose nitrosourea administration. AB - We report a case of inadvertent administration of over twice the usual dose of methyl-CCNU. The patient exhibited an early onset of bone marrow suppression. Profound pancytopenia, including lymphopenia, persisted for over seven weeks, Although early recovery started at about five weeks. Permanent marrow damage was indicated by persistent thrombocytopenia and abnormal megakaryocyte morphology at autopsy, some six months after the single exposure to methyl-CCNU. There was no discernible toxicity to lung, liver, or kidneys. The case suggests that the cummulative bone marrow toxicity seen with nitrosoureas is not dose-schedule sensitive. There is also evidence suggesting that high dose nitrosourea therapy affects a bone marrow target population other than the early stem cell target affected by usual doses of these drugs. PMID- 7116303 TI - Primary leptomeningeal melanoma. Diagnosis by ultrastructural cytology of cerebrospinal fluid and cranial computed tomography. AB - A case of primary leptomeningeal melanoma is presented in which the diagnosis was made by ultrastructural demonstration of melanoma cells from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at a time when cranial computed tomography (CT) still gave negative results. Later CT examinations documented the emergence of a tumor mass of the left temporoparietal lobe. This case clearly illustrates the complementary role of these investigational procedures for the diagnosis of cerebrospinal melanoma: leptomeningeal involvement, characterized by two-dimensional diffuse spread of melanoma tissue ("leptomeningeal melanomatosis"), is invisible with CT, but easily recognisable by CSF cytology; in contrast, nodular parenchymal tumor deposits can be readily detected by CT. Identification of pigmented cells recovered from the CSF requires ultrastructural confirmation. PMID- 7116301 TI - A logistic model based on enzyme activities for the prediction of response of breast cancer patients to chemotherapy. AB - A logistic regression model, utilizing the activities of certain selected glycolytic enzymes and ER status measured on primary or recurrent lesions, has been applied to predict for response to combination chemotherapy regimens administered to women with advanced breast cancer. The clinical outcome of response or no response was evaluated retrospectively using criteria employed by cooperative group protocols. In 93 cases, 58/61 patients classified as nonresponders and 22/32 patients demonstrating objective responses would have been correctly designated, based on the 50% estimated probability as the level for separation of responders from nonresponders. The overall predictive accuracy of this model was 86%, with apparently greater accuracy for prediction of lack of response. Addition of estrogen receptor status to the model imparted no gain in accuracy of prediction. Application of this model to a prospective study is warranted. PMID- 7116299 TI - Comparison of oral melphalan, CCNU, and BCNU with and without vincristine and prednisone in the treatment of multiple myeloma. Cancer and Leukemia Group B experience. AB - A total of 361 evaluable patients with previously untreated multiple myeloma were randomized to receive oral melphalan (0.15 mg/kg/day for seven days, followed by 0.05 mg/kg/day after recovery from the nadir of the leukocytes), BCNU (150 mg/m2 intravenously every six weeks) or CCNU (100 mg/m2 orally every six weeks). All patients received a tapering six-weeks) or CCNU (100 mg/m2 orally every six weeks). All patients received a tapering six-week course of prednisone starting at 0.8 mg/kg for the first two weeks. At week 22, one-half of the patients were randomized to receive vincristine (1 mg/m2) and prednisone (0.6 mg/kg for seven days) every two months in addition to previous therapy. The melphalan treated patients showed a significantly higher overall objective response frequency (59%), according to Myeloma Task Force criteria, when compared to those treated with BCNU (40%) or CCNU (42%). The survivals for all patients were not statistically different for the three treatment programs. However, the good-risk patients treated with melphalan had significantly longer survival (P = 0.02) than the equivalent patients who received BCNU or CCNU. The addition of vincristine and prednisone at week 2 did not significantly increase the percentage of subsequent objective responses or prolong the subsequent survival of any treatment group. It is concluded that oral melphalan is superior to BCNU and CCNU in producing objective responses and in prolonging survival in good risk patients. PMID- 7116304 TI - Malignant pineocytoma with prominent papillary features. AB - A pineal gland tumor in a 57-year-old man proved to be lethal within six months despite radiotherapy. The tumor was demonstrated to be a pineocytoma at autopsy but it was unusual is that papillary structures constituted a prominent component of it. We report that papillary features may be a component of pineocytic neoplasms and that they may have prognostic significance. Papillary pineal parenchymal neoplasms should be distinguished from other benign and malignant papillary neoplasms which also occur in the pineal region. PMID- 7116306 TI - Serum lipid-bound sialic acid as a marker in breast cancer. AB - The reliability of lipid-bound sialic acid (LSA) as a marker in breast cancer was evaluated in 78 normal subjects, 106 patients with benign breast disease, 64 patients with primary operable breast cancer, and 61 patients with recurrent metastatic breast cancer. LSA levels were determined before and after mastectomy and during chemotherapy in selected patients to determine the value of LSA in monitoring therapy and predicting response. LSA levels greater than 20 mg/dl were not seen in normal subjects but were present in patients with benign breast disease (13%), primary breast cancer (47%) and recurrent metastatic breast cancer (62%). LSA levels decreased after initiation of chemotherapy and remained low in patients clinically disease-free. Recurrences were associated with elevated LSA in patients failing chemotherapy or endocrine ablative surgery. LSA measurements appeared to be of limited value in the detection of breast cancer but serial measurements may be useful in assessing disease progression and identifying patients resistant to therapy. PMID- 7116307 TI - Breast cancer without axillary metastases. Are there high-risk biologic subpopulations? AB - Two hundred seventy-five patients with breast cancer and no axillary metastases had mastectomies and axillary node dissection performed during the period between 1970 and 1979 at The Fox Chase Cancer Center. They had a mean age of 60 years (range, 21-91) and 38 (14%) patients have had recurrence to date. Poor histologic differentiation and skin involvement were related to a high risk of recurrence. Those patients with skin infiltration by tumor or a poorly differentiated tumor had a 53 +/- 9% expected five-year tumor-free survival, whereas patients without these had a 90 +/- 2% expected five-year tumor-free survival. Tumor involvement of the lymphatic vessels within the breast and estrogen receptor protein positivity or negativity were not helpful for identifying a subpopulation at increased risk of recurrence. Large tumor size was not a poor prognostic indicator for a patient subpopulation. These factors should be considered as indicators for inclusion in clinical trials and adjuvant therapy and used as stratification points for the analysis of the data developed in these trials. PMID- 7116305 TI - Elastofibroma in Okinawa. A clinicopathologic study of 170 cases. AB - A clinicopathologic study was made of 170 cases of elastofibroma detected in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. A majority of the cases of elastofibroma were detected in the mainland of Okinawa and its offshore islands Tonaki-jima and Aguni-jima. The 21 cases from Tonaki Island had a familial occurrence. Simultaneously, 55 of the total cases were recognized to have occurred within the same family lines. Besides the growth of elastofibroma in the subcapsular region, there was a high rate of growth in the infraolecranons area. A case of multiple elastofibroma including the lateral thoracic wall as well as the ischial tuberosities, was also studied. In this disease, there was found to be an excessive amount of elastic material produced by fibroblasts as well as obstacles in the course of forming elastic fibers. Therefore, it was considered that this tendency was a sort of reactive hyperplasia taking place with a constitutional predisposition in the background. All cases should undergo biopsy to rule out sarcoma. No other treatment is necessary in asymptomatic patients. Local excision is all that is necessary in those with pain. PMID- 7116308 TI - Fatal gestational choriocarcinoma. Clinicopathologic study of patients treated at a trophoblastic disease center. AB - We studied 31 autopsied cases of gestational choriocarcinoma encountered at the Northwestern University Trophoblastic Disease Center in the past two decades to learn if the clinical and morphologic aspects of these cases have been altered by therapy. These cases were analyzed for cause of death, distribution of tumor and histologic patterns in relation to the amount of chemotherapy. Tumor hemorrhage and/or pulmonary insufficiency were the most common causes of death, irrespective of the amount of therapy although other factors including drug toxicity, sepsis, and uremia led to death in six cases. The amount of chemotherapy generally did not affect the number or distribution of metastases. Histologically, nine cases showed extensive or complete necrosis. Eighteen of the remaining tumors had typical biphasic patterns, but four patients who received multiple courses of chemotherapy had atypical patterns with a marked predominance of cytotrophoblast and infiltrative growth. These atypical patterns do not appear to be a direct result of chemotherapy but may represent a more aggressive form of this tumor. This study shows that fatal gestational choriocarcinoma can have a variety of clinicopathologic features which reflect not only the biologic capabilities of the neoplasm but also the effects of chemotherapy and prolonged disease. PMID- 7116309 TI - A critical evaluation of a specific radioimmunoassay for prostatic acid phosphatase. AB - A radioimmunoassay (RIA) method for acid phosphatase detection was compared to a standard enzyme assay using sera from 210 normal volunteers and 285 patients with prostatic disease. Statistical and clinical comparisons were made between defined subgroups. All 55 normal females had RIA detectable serum acid phosphatase, implying that this assay cannot be entirely specific for enzyme of prostatic origin. Urinary catheterization did not affect acid phosphatase levels. In all stages of carcinoma there were more acid phosphatase elevations by the RIA method than enzyme method, but neither assay could differentiate intracapsular cancer from benign prostatic hyperplasia. A small number of patients with biopsy proven negative nodules had marginally elevated values, suggesting as obligation for closer follow-up. The RIA method may be superior for monitoring patients with more advanced malignancy. Additional practical advantages of the RIA include relative simplicity and elimination of the special serum handling required for the enzyme assay. PMID- 7116310 TI - Primary chondrosarcoma of the lung. PMID- 7116311 TI - Carcinosarcoma and separate carcinoid tumor of the stomach. A case report with light and electron microscopic studies. AB - A carcinosarcoma of the cardia of stomach is reported. This is a rare entity which is of further interest because of an associated but distinctly separate carcinoid tumor. The main tumor showed distinct adenocarcinomatous and spindle cell components which collided in many areas. The sarcomatous nature of the spindle cell component was confirmed by ultrastructural studies. We have reviewed the literature and have not found a similar case. PMID- 7116312 TI - Benign hepatic cyst in a patient on antiestrogen therapy for metastatic breast cancer. PMID- 7116313 TI - Endolymphatic stromal myosis. Surgical and hormonal treatment of extensive abdominal recurrence 20 years after hysterectomy. AB - This report describes the clinicopathologic features of a 49-year-old woman who was reoperated on for bulky abdominal metastases 20 years after hysterectomy for endometrial stromal myosis (ESM). The levels of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors measured in the resected tumorous tissue amounted to 48.3 and 71.4 femtomoles (fmol)/mg cytosol protein, respectively. After medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera; Upjohn) treatment of 16 months duration, the unresected pelvic tumor mass compressing the bladder and the left ureter had decreased in volume and hydroureteronephrosis had regressed. The efficacy of the therapy was monitored by computed tomography. Two years and nine months after surgery, the evolution of the tumor seems well-controlled by continuous progestin therapy and the patient is living without symptoms. PMID- 7116314 TI - A pathologic study of benign breast diseases in Tokyo and New York. AB - Two hundred thirty-two biopsies of benign breast conditions from the National Cancer Center Hospital in Tokyo and 263 comparable biopsies from Memorial Hospital in New York City were reviewed. The component lesions of benign breast disease were identified and evaluated according to their relative frequency for different ages. Apocrine cysts, apocrine hyperplasia, intraductal hyperplasia, sclerosing adenosis, blunt duct hyperplasia, and atypical lobular hyperplasia were at least twice as common in biopsies from American women. Solitary papillomas were twice as common among biopsies from Japanese patients and tended to show more epithelial proliferation and sclerosing papillomatosis than did Americans. No major differences were found in the frequency of cysts, duct stasis, periductal mastitis, sclerosing intraductal papillomatosis, fibroadenomatoid mastopathy or fibroadenomas. Assuming intraductal hyperplasia and atypical lobular hyperplasia may represent premalignant epithelial changes, the high frequency of these lesions in New York biopsies when compared to Tokyo biopsies correlates well with the higher rate of breast cancer in the United States as compared to Japan. The greater frequency of lobular proliferative lesions and apocrine disease in New York suggests that these lesions may be produced by factors which also predispose American women toward breast cancer. PMID- 7116315 TI - Long-term patient survival for some of the more frequently occurring cancers. AB - Conditional five-year relative survival rates were calculated for patients diagnosed during 1950-1959 to examine long-term survival patterns for some of the more frequently occurring cancers. The data on the patients studied were collected as part of the national cancer institute's End Results Program. Breast cancer patients with localized disease were found to have only slightly increasing conditional rates for 20 years subsequent to diagnosis beginning at 85% at diagnosis and exceeding 90% at 20 years subsequent to diagnosis. Conditional five-year rates for patients with distant involvement approached the conditional rates for patients with regional involvement 15 years after diagnosis. Conditional rates by stage for patients with cancer of the cervix or cancer of the corpus increased initially and then became somewhat constant at a level related to stage of disease at diagnosis. For cancer of the colon, the conditional rates for female patients in each stage of disease category approached the same value 7-8 years subsequent to diagnosis. These observations may provide additional insight into the biological behavior of these cancers. PMID- 7116317 TI - Karyotype analysis in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL): comparison with ethnic group, age, morphology, and survival. AB - The karyotype, leukemia cell morphology (FAB classification), ethnic group, age, sex, and survival were compared in 60 patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), to determine their diagnostic and prognostic significance. An ethnic age difference was observed; a significantly greater number of black patients were children. The majority of children were males. A higher frequency of chromosome abnormalities was detected in children, yet they survived longer than adults. A specific, significant association between a (8; 21) karyotype and M2-ANLL was confirmed; four of ten patients with M2-ANLL showed this translocation. The more mature morphology of M2-ANLL was associated with a longer survival irrespective of karyotype, ethnic group, and age. The specificity of t(15; 17) in M3-ANLL and nonrandom monosomy 7 in preleukemic children was confirmed. Patients, particularly adults, with normal karyotypes tended to survive longer than those with abnormal karyotypes. The patient's age and the differentiative capacity of the leukemic cell appear to be as important as the karyotype in determining survival. The nonrandom association of certain chromosome aberrations in ANLL appears to be worldwide. PMID- 7116316 TI - The prevalence and severity of pain in cancer. AB - The frequency, severity, and disruptiveness of pain related by 667 cancer patients are reported. The patients, all seen at a comprehensive cancer center, had cancers of the breast, colon and rectum, prostate, or various gynecologic sites. As expected, the proportion of patients with pain varied according to primary site and according to degree of progression of the disease. Pain, when present, was often of at least moderate severity and was felt to interfere with patients' activity and enjoyment of life to a moderate to severe extent. Degree of interference with activity and enjoyment of life was greater when the pain was caused by cancer than when it had another cause. Implications of these findings for professional and lay education and for treatment are discussed. PMID- 7116320 TI - Low serum IgA in a familial ovarian cancer aggregate. PMID- 7116318 TI - Multiple karyotypic changes in retinoblastoma tumor cells: presence of normal chromosome No. 13 in most tumors. AB - There are conflicting reports on the frequency in retinoblastoma tumor cells of aberrations involving chromosome No. 13. To quantitate the frequency of various chromosome aberrations, we analyzed the karyotypes from the retinoblastoma tumors; all tumors contained chromosome abnormalities. Chromosome No. 13 was altered in only two tumors, but the aberrations in these two cases affected different portions of the chromosome. We have concluded that chromosome aberrations affecting chromosome No. 13 are relatively infrequent in retinoblastoma tumors. Chromosome No.1 was involved in rearrangements in eight tumors; in six tumors the rearrangements lead to trisomy of 1q25-1q32. Seven tumors had aberrations resulting in trisomy of the long arm of chromosome No. 17; the most common aberration was an i(17q) chromosome. Every tumor showed trisomy of the long arm of either chromosome No. 1 or 17. These changes in chromosomes No. 1 and 17 have been observed by others in many different tumors and are not unique to retinoblastoma. In summary, chromosome abnormalities were present in all retinoblastoma tumors studied, but no aberration common to all tumors was found. PMID- 7116319 TI - Abnormalities of chromosome #13 in retinoblastomas from individuals with normal constitutional karyotypes. AB - Constitutional chromosome abnormalities have been associated with retinoblastoma, Wilm's tumor, and a familial form of renal carcinoma. For each tumor type, the particular chromosome segment involved in the observed rearrangements is different: in retinoblastoma, that segment is band q14 on chromosome #13. We now present evidence that in retinoblastoma, structural abnormalities involving the particular chromosome segment identified in the constitutional cases can also occur in the tumors of individuals with normal constitutional karyotypes. Six cases with retinoblastoma in one or both eyes were analyzed; deletions/rearrangements involving 13q14 were found in the tumor cell karyotypes of five of the six. These observations suggest that changes in a gene or genes at a common site (13q14) play a role in tumorigenesis in all forms of retinoblastoma, sporadic as well as heritable. PMID- 7116321 TI - Retinoblastoma, deletion 13q14, and esterase D: application of gene dosage effect to prenatal diagnosis. AB - Esterase D (ESD) gene dosage studies were performed on amniotic cells from a fetus at risk for del 13q14. The mother was a balanced carrier of an insertion in chromosome #20: 46,XXins(20;13)(p12;q1307q14.3). She had already given birth to a monosomic child with retinoblastoma (Rb) and to a phenotypically normal child trisomic for the same 13q14 segment. Both sibs displayed the expected proportionate gene dosage effects for ESD. A 153% value of ESD activity was found in the amniotic cells indicating unambiguously that the fetus was not monosomic for segment 13q14 and therefore not at increased risk for Rb. The mother delivered a phenotypically normal child who was confirmed to be trisomic for segment 13q14 by cytogenetic analysis and by gene dosage studies for ESD in cord blood cells and in lymphoblastoid cells. PMID- 7116322 TI - Chromosomal instability in ataxia telangiectasia. AB - We have examined various aspects of lymphocyte chromosomal instability in three families comprised of five individuals affected with ataxiatelangiectasia (AT), their obligate heterozygous parents, and their unaffected sibs. We found that neither baseline sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) nor mitomycin-C-induced increments in SCEs showed any significant differences among family members or between AT heterozygotes or homozygotes. Chromosome breakage in first-division metaphases was found to be moderately elevated in three of the five AT homozygotes (range 1-12%); breakage in the six AT obligate heterozygotes was within normal limits (0-4%). Analysis of Giemsa-banded metaphases indicated the presence of a clone bearing a paracentric inversion of chromosome #14 in addition to other chromosome #14 abnormalities in one AT homozygote. The same inversion was also found in this individual's affected sister and his obligate heterozygous father. A discussion regarding the relationship of the specificity of breakage and reunion of bands q12 and q23 on chromosome #14 and the high incidence of malignancy in AT is included. PMID- 7116323 TI - Amplification and abnormal chromosomal distribution of ribosomal genes (rDNA) in rat erythroleukemia cells. AB - The ribosomal cistrons (rDNA)/genome ratio was measured in five cell lines derived from three chemically induced erythroblastic leukemias (D-1, D-2, and NE26) in the Long-Evans (LE) rat and compared with values in the normal liver, bone marrow, and fetus. The ratio was 20-42% higher in the leukemias than in normal tissues. The number of autoradiographic silver grains of 125I-labeled rRNA hybridized in situ over three nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) of leukemia cells was determined and compared with that of the normal cells. Although the distribution of silver grains of normal cells averaged 44.6%, 25.9%, and 29.5% in NORs of chromosomes #3, #11, and #12, respectively, their distribution was abnormal in two of the leukemias examined; rDNA was amplified in chromosomes #12 of two sublines (K1DA and K1DB) of one leukemias (D-1), and in one chromosome #3 of two sublines (K2D and K3D) of another leukemia (D-2). We consider the possibility that these abnormal patterns of rDNA distribution are related to the increase in rDNA in leukemia cells. PMID- 7116324 TI - Chromosome-damaging activity of saliva of betel nut and tobacco chewers. AB - Saliva of volunteers chewing betel quid, cured betel nut (Areca catechu), betel leaves (Piper betle), a mixture of quid ingredients (dried betel nut flakes, catechu, cardamon, lime, copra and menthol) and Indian tobacco was collected and examined for its genotoxic activity. Chromosome aberrations (chromatid breaks and chromatid exchanges) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were used to estimate the genotoxic effect. No detectable levels of clastogenic activity were observed in the saliva of non-chewing individuals. After 5 min of chewing betel quid, betel nut, betel leaves, quid ingredients and Indian tobacco, the saliva samples showed relatively potent clastogenic activities. The addition of transition metals Mn2+ and Cu2+ to the saliva samples of betel nut and Indian tobacco chewers enhanced their clastogenic activities, whereas Fe3+ increased the clastogenicity of the betel nut saliva but decreased the genotoxic effect of the saliva of Indian tobacco chewers. After removal of the betel quid or its components from the mouth, the clastogenic activity disappeared within 5 min. The western-type chewing tobacco did not produce a genotoxic activity in the saliva of chewers. A possible association between the genotoxicity in the saliva of betel quid chewers and the development of oral, pharyngeal and esophageal carcinomas is discussed. PMID- 7116325 TI - Carcinogenicity examination of inflorescence of Zingiber mioga Roscoe. AB - The carcinogenicity of mioga was examined in ACI and Fischer 344 rats. In Experiment I, a test group of ACI rats received diet containing mioga for 365 days, and the control group received normal basal diet. The experiment was terminated 480 days after the start of feeding. In Experiment II, a test group of Fischer 344 rats received diet containing mioga throughout the experiment of 639 days and the control group received normal diet. Female ACI rats in Experiment I developed significantly more urinary bladder tumors than the control group. No carcinogenic activity was observed in males in Experiment I or males or females in Experiment II. PMID- 7116327 TI - Modification of benzo[a]pyrene-induced transformation of C3H/10T1/2 cells by pregnenolone-16alpha-carbonitrile and dexamethasone. PMID- 7116326 TI - Potent mutagenic impurities in a commercial sample of 3-nitro-9-fluorenone. AB - A commercial sample of 3-nitro-9-fluorenone was a potent mutagen in the Ames Salmonella assay, producing 1000 TA98 net revertants per plate at 0.76 microgram/plate without the presence of liver homogenates (-S9). After purification by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), 3-nitro-9-fluorenone was found to be at least 6 times less active than the parent sample. The commercial sample was fractionated by HPLC and the mutagenic impurity peaks collected and subjected to high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The mass spectra of 2 potent mutagenic fractions showed the principal molecular species to be a dinitrofluorenone and an acetamidomononitrofluorenone. Samples of synthetic 2,7-dinitro-9-fluorenone and 2-acetamido-3-nitro-9-fluorenone had mutagenic activities, HPLC retention times, and mass spectra characteristics similar to the mutagenic impurity fractions collected from the commercial sample. PMID- 7116328 TI - Antitumor effect of dicyclohexylammonium sulfate, a potent inhibitor of spermidine synthase against P388 leukemia. AB - The antitumor effect of dicyclohexylammonium sulfate (DCHA), a potent inhibitor of spermidine synthase, was tested on BDF1 mice inoculated i.p. with P388 leukemia (1 X 10(6) cells/mouse). DCHA prolonged the survival time of mice bearing P388 leukemia at the doses of 10-100 mg/kg administered daily for 6 days. The spleen weight increased by 30% at 7 days after tumor inoculation. DCHA treatment had no effect on the tumor-induced increase in splenic weight. The spermidine concentration of the ascites tumor cells and spleens of mice bearing the tumor was lowered by the treatment, while spermine concentration hardly changed. The depletion of spermidine in the ascites tumor cells and spleens might be a cause of the suppression of tumor growth. PMID- 7116329 TI - Calcium dependence of chemical carcinogen induced morphological transformation of Syrian hamster embryo cells. AB - The effect of extracellular calcium upon carcinogen induced morphological transformation was evaluated in Syrian hamster embryo cells. Reduction in [Ca2+] from 1.8 mM to 0.2 mM throughout the 6 days between exposure of the cells to 2.5 microgram benzo [a]pyrene (BP)/ml and examination of the cells for transformation inhibited both cell proliferation and transformation as measured by the frequencies of colony formation and morphological transformation. The transformation frequency among surviving cells, i.e. frequency/cell colony, however, was nearly equivalent indicating that the inhibition of transformation largely resulted from inhibition of cell colony formation. Proliferation and transformation were unaffected when [Ca2+] was reduced to 0.2 mM on days 3-6. Reduction to 0.01 mM Ca2+ during the same period, however, completely abolished transformation by BP, UV-irradiation or n-acetoxyacetylaminofluorene (AcAAF) without reducing cell proliferation. Thus, the expression of morphological transformation in newly transformed hamster cells is dependent upon extracellular [Ca2+] to a greater degree than is cell proliferation. PMID- 7116330 TI - The growth of primary subcutaneous fibrosarcoma and its pulmonary metastases in normal and athymic Swiss mice. AB - The growth of primary subcutaneous fibrosarcomas and their pulmonary metastases was studied in normal and athymic Swiss mice. The metastases tended to develop more rapidly than did the primary tumors. However, when growth rates of tumors of small volumes (up to 1 cm3) were compared, the tumor and metastases exhibited similar rates of development in both strains indicating the growth rate of pulmonary metastases was related to that of the tumor of origin. Modified immune reactivity, as in athymic mice, influenced the growth of the same tumor in that the subcutaneous fibrosarcoma exhibited a faster rate of development, while the growth rate of pulmonary metastases decreased, when compared with growth in Swiss mice. Therefore, it appears that growth characteristics of the primary tumor from which metastases originated and the reactivity of the host must be included among the factors determining metastatic growth rates. PMID- 7116331 TI - Carcinogenicity tests of acetoxymethylphenylnitrosamine and benzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate in Syrian hamsters. AB - The metabolic activation of the esophageal carcinogen methylphenylnitrosamine (MPhN) via alpha-hydroxylation to hydroxymethylphenylnitrosamine (HO-MPhN) should afford benzenediazonium ion (BDI) as the ultimate electrophilic metabolite. To determine if this proposed activation pathway is accurate, BDI, as its tetrafluoroborate (BF4) salt, was tested by chronic subcutaneous injection and gavage in Syrian golden hamsters. Acetoxymethylphenylnitrosamine (AMPhN), which is rapidly hydrolyzed to HO-MPhN in vivo, was similarly tested by s.c. injection. AMPhN was weakly carcinogenic, while BDI-BF4 did not induce a significant tumor incidence by subcutaneous administration. When orally administered, BDI was inactive. Both AMPhN and BDI-BF4 were mutagenic only in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA1537 without enzymic activation. The parent nitrosamine, MPhN was also mutagenic in TA1537, but only with enzymic activation. The mechanistic and environmental significance of these results are discussed. PMID- 7116332 TI - Uptake and localization of selenium-75 in mammary epithelial cell lines in vitro. AB - The uptake and subcellular localization of selenium-75 was examined in 3 established mammary cell lines in vitro. Previous studies had demonstrated that cell line YN-4 exhibited a biphasic growth response to selenium, whereas cell lines CL-S1 and WAZ-2t exhibited only an inhibition of growth. All 3 cell lines incorporated selenium-75 readily over a 48-h incubation period and the concentration of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase was correlated with the level of selenium-75 uptake. However, neither of these 2 parameters could be related to the unique biphasic growth response exhibited by cell line YN-4. The intracellular localization of selenium-75 was similar in lines CL-S1 and YN-4 with the label incorporated primarily in the cytosol and secondarily in the mitochondria. Although the unique growth response of line YN-4 could not be attributed to the incorporation parameters examined herein, the stable incorporation of selenium-75 at high levels should make these lines useful for further studies on the subcellular localization of selenium into organelles and macromolecules. PMID- 7116333 TI - Tumor promoter stimulated irreversible binding of N-methylaminoazobenzene to polymorphonuclear leukocyte DNA. PMID- 7116334 TI - Clastogenic activity of bile acids and organic acid fractions of human feces. AB - Chloroform extracts of fecal material from 4 subjects on normal mixed western diets were fractionated to obtain an acid fraction and a hexane extract containing neutrals and bases. The acid fraction from at least 2 of the donors induced an elevated frequency of chromosomal aberrations and exchanges in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Since acid steroids are expected to be present in the acid fraction, 5 bile acids were assayed for clastogenic activity in CHO cells. Ursodeoxycholic acid induced chromosomal aberrations and exchanges, and this effect was enhanced by the addition of a microsomal S9 mix. However, the enhancement is probably due to physical factors rather than to enzymatic activity. PMID- 7116335 TI - Correlates of vincristine resistance in four murine tumor cell lines. AB - The mechanism(s) of cellular resistance to vincristine (VCR) are poorly understood. Four murine tumor cell lines with varying degrees of VCR resistance, as measured by prolonged survival of tumor-bearing mice following VCR treatment, were selected for study. These lines were P1534, P388, P388/VCR and L1210. Steady state cellular VCR levels, bound intracellular VCR, displaceable intracellular VCR, influx velocities and efflux velocities following VCR preloading were all measured in vitro and correlated with augmentation of survival. Neither the influx velocity, efflux velocity nor the steady-state VCR level showed any apparent correlation with in vivo sensitivity. Moreover, the ratio of influx velocity to efflux velocity was highest in the most sensitive cell line (i.e. P1534) and lowest in the most resistant cell line (i.e. P388/VCR). Bound intracellular VCR correlated best with VCR sensitivity suggesting that high affinity intracellular binding, presumably to tubulin (Ka congruent to 1 X 10(-7) M), is a critical determinant of VCR sensitivity. PMID- 7116336 TI - A possible in vivo skin model for tumour promoter assays. PMID- 7116337 TI - Comparative carcinogenicity of o-toluidine hydrochloride and o-nitrosotoluene in F-344 rats. AB - o-Toluidine hydrochloride and one of its metabolites, o-nitrosotoluene, were administered in the diet (0.028 mol/kg diet) to 2 groups of 30 male F-344 rats for 72 weeks. o-Nitrosotoluene induced significantly more tumors of the bladder (16/30 rats) and liver (20/30) than did o-toluidine hydrochloride (bladder, 4/30; liver, 3/30. Both compounds induced comparable numbers of peritoneal tumors and fibroma of the skin and spleen. o-Toluidine hydrochloride induced more mammary tumors (13/30) than did o-nitrosotoluene (3/30). The results indicate tha N oxidation is important in the induction of bladder and liver tumors by these single ring compounds but that other mechanisms could be involved in the induction of peritoneal, skin, spleen and mammary tumors. PMID- 7116338 TI - Dissociation of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and 3-methylcholanthrene induced induction in ornithine decarboxylase and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activities in C57BL/6 mouse dermal fibroblasts in culture. AB - The effects of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and 3-methyl cholanthrene (MC) on ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activities were studied in C57BL/6 mouse dermal fibroblasts in culture. TPA selectively induced ODC activity and MC selectively induced AHH activity in these cells. Acute (10 h) exposure of the cells to DL-alpha difluoromethyl ornithine (DFMO) led to a marked inhibition of ODC activity without any significant effect on induced AHH activity. Chronic inhibition of ODC activity (4 days) resulted in a slight inhibition of basal AHH activity, but the inducibility of AHH was enhanced alpha-Naphtho-flavone, SKF 525 A and indomethacin exerted unequal effects on the enzyme activities. These results indicate that ODC and AHH induction processes are independent events with no causal link. PMID- 7116339 TI - Influence of oral supplementation of ascorbate upon the induction of N-methyl-N' nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. AB - Influence of mega-ascorbate (AsA) intake upon the induction of gastric cancer of rats was investigated. By feeding the ascorbate-supplemented diet, though the incidence of gastric cancer was not effectively inhibited, the infiltrative growth was significantly repressed. Mega-ascorbate intake was more beneficial in alleviating the development of gastric cancer when it was commenced after the middle of long-term experimental period (initiation of adenomatous hyperplasia but no appearance of malignant lesions) rather than from the beginning of N methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) drinking. A remarkable effect of mega ascorbate intake was to reinforce the surrounding connective tissues to retard the malignant growth. PMID- 7116340 TI - Binding of [14C] azaserine to DNA and protein in the rat and hamster. AB - The binding of [14C] azaserine or its metabolites to DNA and protein in the organs of rats and hamsters was determined at various time after treatment with [14C] azaserine. The specific activity of 14C labelling of DNA and protein was determined. Rat liver DNA and protein were most extensively labelled at 90 min post-injection, but by 24 h the specific activity decreased to the levels found in pancreas and kidney. Thymus contained negligible amounts of radioactivity at all time-points. DNA and protein from hamster pancreas contained more label than did DNA and protein from rat pancreas. The results suggest that factors other than DNA binding play a role in determining the species and organ specificity of azaserine. PMID- 7116341 TI - Tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate enhances sister chromatid exchanges and numerical and structural chromosome aberrations in primary mouse epidermal cell cultures. AB - The tumor 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) moderately stimulated sister chromatid exchanges in primary epidermal cultures (PEC) from C3H mice, and strongly enhanced structural chromosome aberrations. In G-banded metaphases for TPA (10-(8) and 10-(6) M for 54 h) treated PEC aneuploidy (hypo- and hyperdiploidy) increased and structural aberrations were enhanced 8- to 10-fold. Breaks, fragments and metacentric chromosomes had raised 7- to 11-fold. Chromatid interchanges (tri- and quadri-radials) and centromeric splitting, virtually absent in controls, appeared in 4--8% of metaphases. The non-promoting 4-O-methyl TPA did not induce chromosomal alterations. These substantial effects on the genetic material of target cells represent a new aspect of the mechanism of action of tumor-promoting phorbol esters. PMID- 7116342 TI - Management of patients who fail to respond to levodopa therapy. AB - Nonresponders to levodopa therapy include patients with parkinsonism who fail to respond to a well-tolerated therapeutic dosage, those who lose an initially positive response, and those who develop severe and dose-limiting side effects. Initial failures may be due to inadequate dosage, drug interactions or inaccurate diagnosis. Loss of response suggests the need for a thorough medical evaluation. Severe side effects such as nausea and vomiting may be managed with adjuvant agents; dystonia and a variety of paradoxical responses may preclude the use of levodopa, and amantadine or anticholinergic agents should be considered as alternatives. PMID- 7116343 TI - Management of motor side effects of chronic levodopa therapy. AB - The enthusiasm generated by the dramatic clinical response of parkinsonism to levodopa therapy has been blunted by the emergence of side effects related to chronic use of the drug. Levodopa-induced dyskinesias are thought to be due to striatal dopamine-receptor hypersensitivity as a result of chronic and excessive dopamine agonism. The daily dose of levodopa should be as low as possible and when dyskinesias develop, the dosage of both levodopa and anticholinergic agents should be reduced. Clinical oscillations, due to a variety of factors, are more difficult to control. More frequent and smaller doses of levodopa, drug holidays, and the use of amantadine or dopamine agonists may be helpful. PMID- 7116344 TI - Initial treatment of Parkinson's disease. AB - Treatment of newly diagnosed or previously untreated patient with Parkinson's disease requires an individualized approach based largely on the severity of the manifestations. The choice of initial drug remains controversial, although levodopa offers the greatest therapeutic efficacy rates prior to the appearance of "on-off" effects. Profile determinations of the drug effect, demand scheduling, and use of anticholinergic drugs, amantadine, or bromocriptine during the later stages of the disease are the key to the presently available optimal treatment of Parkinson's disease. PMID- 7116345 TI - Behavioral alterations and the therapy of parkinsonism. AB - The pathologic changes of parkinsonism and the side effects of drug therapy may produce pronounced behavioral changes in patients with Parkinson's disease. Dementia is the primary manifestation of disease-induced mental alterations and careful pharmacologic management is necessary. Psychosis is the most dramatic of the changes induced by levodopa. It may occur early in the course of therapy, usually in patients with a past history of a schizophreniform disorder, or after several years of treatment. Therapeutic intervention with dosage adjustments and/or drug holidays are indicated when psychosis occurs. Treatment of depression in the Parkinson patient is essentially the same as in a nonparkinson patient. PMID- 7116346 TI - The role of various forms of treatment in the management of Parkinson's disease. AB - Each of the various antiparkinsonian agents plays a role in the management of patients in varying stages of the disease. Newly diagnosed patients rarely require any treatment; those with moderate manifestations may benefit from treatment with either amantadine or with anticholinergic agents. Levodopa therapy is indicated in patients with severe disease or when the patient's livelihood or psychologic well-being is threatened by parkinsonian manifestations. Dyskinesia, dementia, or "on-off" phenomena associated with chronic levodopa therapy may be managed by the use of ergot derivatives, drug holidays, and in special circumstances, stereotactic surgery. PMID- 7116348 TI - Studies of Baker's antifol, methotrexate, and razoxane in advanced gastric cancer: A Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group Report. AB - In this multi-institutional study of advanced gastric cancer, 73 patients were evaluable for response or survival. Patients were treated with either triazinate (Baker's antifol), standard-dose methotrexate, or ICRF-159 (razoxane). Objective responses were seen in four patients receiving Baker's antifol, in three receiving methotrexate, and in none receiving razoxane. Baker's antifol produced a median survival of 18 weeks and methotrexate and razoxane produced a median survival of 8 and 9 weeks, respectively. Seventy of the 73 patients entered in this study had been previously treated, most frequently with combination chemotherapy regimens containing 5-FU or doxorubicin. This study appears to demonstrate that Baker's antifol is an active drug for patients with advanced gastric cancer, according to both response and survival criteria. Examination of the pretreatment prognostic characteristics of the patients further suggests that a possible survival advantage is due to treatment with Baker's antifol rather than the prognostic characteristics of the patients. PMID- 7116347 TI - Vindesine: an effective agent in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. AB - A dose of 3-4 mg/m2 of vindesine (DVA) was given by iv push weekly to 33 patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Twenty-nine patients were evaluable for response. All evaluable patients had a performance status greater than 50% and measurable disease, and received at least two consecutive weekly doses of DVA. Standard response criteria were used. Among 15 patients with squamous cell carcinoma there were four partial responses and one complete response; three of eight patients with adenocarcinoma had partial responses. The overall response rate was 28% (eight responses among 29 patients). Myelosuppression was moderate, but two patients were hospitalized for granulocytopenic infections. The most common dose-limiting side effects were due to neurotoxicity. Four responding patients had treatment stopped because of neurotoxic reactions. DVA appears to be among the most active drugs in non-small cell lung cancer, but improved dose schedules that reduce neurotoxicity would be highly desirable. PMID- 7116349 TI - High-dose allopurinol modulation of 5-FU toxicity: phase I trial of an outpatient dose schedule. AB - In an attempt to decrease the activation of 5-FU by normal cells relative to cancer cells, 20 patients with metastatic cancer were given 72 courses of 5-FU and allopurinol (HPP) in a phase I trial. 5-FU was given daily by iv bolus injection for 5 consecutive days every 4 weeks: HPP, 300 mg orally every 8 hours for 6 consecutive days, was started 24 hours before the first injection of 5-FU. HPP appeared to modulate 5-FU toxicity by allowing higher doses (18-21 mg/kg daily for 5 days) to be given. Unexpectedly, neurotoxicity was the dose-limiting toxicity; it was slowly reversible and manifested primarily as encephalopathy, with some patients having cerebellar signs. Gastrointestinal and hematologic toxic effects were mild and infrequent. Because of the high incidence of neurotoxicity and low response rate, this program does not appear to offer any advantages over conventional dose schedules of 5-FU alone. PMID- 7116350 TI - Metabolism and mechanism of the antileukemic action of isomeric aryldimethyltriazenes. AB - Mice bearing TLX5 lymphoma or P388 leukemia were treated with ortho, meta, and para isomers of the salts of (3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)benzoic acid. Survival time was markedly increased in mice given the para isomer; effects were less pronounced for the meta isomer and absent for the ortho isomer. The in vivo effects of the tested compounds did not correlate either with the propensity of the drugs to undergo oxidative N-demethylation and hydrolysis to diazonium cations or with in vitro cytotoxicity for TLX5 lymphoma cells. The para isomer did not reduce the number and viability of peritoneal TLX5 lymphoma cells after in vivo and in vitro treatment, whereas a dose-dependent reduction that can even result in the absence of clonogenic tumor cells occurred in the brains of the treated animals. These data indicate that the increased survival time of the tumor-bearing mice treated with the para isomer should not be ascribed to cytotoxic effects of the drug and might be attributed to inhibition of tumor cell dissemination in various organs of the host, as already observed for solid metastasizing tumors in mice. PMID- 7116352 TI - High-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate in advanced male breast cancer. PMID- 7116351 TI - Phase I study of 13-cis-retinoic acid toxicity. AB - A phase I study of 13-cis-retinoic acid was done in 16 patients with head and neck malignancies using a modified Fibonacci search scheme, with individual doses ranging from 20 to 120 mg/m2. Drug doses greater than 60 mg/m2 induced intense headaches, urethritis, desquamative dermatitis, vertigo, and ataxia. The severity of these side effects precludes the use of 13-cis-retinoic acid as a potential chemopreventive agent at doses greater than 60 mg/m2. PMID- 7116353 TI - Tamoxifen in the treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma. PMID- 7116354 TI - Phase II study of medroxyprogesterone acetate with tamoxifen in advanced renal cell cancer. PMID- 7116355 TI - Phase II trial of mitoxantrone in previously untreated patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma: A Southwest Oncology Group Study. PMID- 7116356 TI - Failure of 5-day vinblastine infusion in the treatment of patients with advanced refractory breast cancer. PMID- 7116357 TI - Preparation and properties of fluorescent glycosaminoglycuronans labeled with 5 aminofluorescein. AB - The uronic acid residues of all known glycosaminoglycuronans reacted with 5 aminofluorescein to yield fluorescent glycosaminoglycuronan derivatives, which showed fluorescence characteristics identical to those of fluorescein or 5 acetamidofluorescein. The fluorescent products could be purified by chromatography on Octyl-Sepharose; three preparations of labeled chondroitin 6 sulfate having different degrees of substitution, and a labeled heparin were obtained. Fluorescent hyaluronic acid containing labeled and unlabeled molecules was digested with testicular hyaluronidase to give fluorescent oligosaccharides. Fluorescent chondroitin 6-sulfate was treated with chondroitinase AC to give a nonfluorescent disaccharide and minor proportion of fluorescent octasaccharide. Fluorescent heparin retained its anticoagulant activity, which was similar to that of the starting heparin; its half-life in circulating rabbit blood was 36 min (by fluorometry) and 45 min (by clotting-time assay). PMID- 7116358 TI - Isolation of bronchial mucins from cystic fibrosis sputum by use of citraconic anhydride. AB - Citraconylation was used to solubilize cystic fibrosis sputum and to dissociate its mucus glycoproteins from extraneous proteins. The mucin fraction was isolated by precipitation with Cetavlon, and characterized in terms of amino acid and carbohydrate composition. The data suggest that, in determining the physical properties of glycoproteins of cystic fibrosis mucus, aggregation by noncovalent forces may be as important as (or more important than) disulfide bonds. PMID- 7116360 TI - A contribution to the sequential analysis of oligosaccharides by mass spectrometry. PMID- 7116359 TI - The capsular polysaccharide from Klebsiella serotype K54; location of the O-acyl groups, and a revised structure. AB - The capsular polysaccharide from Klebsiella type K54, containing both O-formyl and O-acetyl groups, has been investigated by using the techniques of methylation analysis (by gas-liquid chromatography), periodate oxidation-Smith degradation, and both 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy. Degradation of the native polysaccharide with a bacteriophage-induced glucosidase generated a formylated, as well as a formylated and acetylated, tetrasaccharide, whereas similar depolymerization of the deacetylated polysaccharide yielded a single tetrasaccharide; the corresponding, O-acylated octasaccharides were also isolated and characterized. These oligosaccharides, utilized in chemical and spectroscopic studies in order to determine the location of the O-acyl substituents in the repeating sequence, indicated formylation at 0-4 of each lateral D-glucosyl group and acetylation at 0-2 of alternate L-fucosyl residues. A new structure for the repeating unit in the polysaccharide is proposed. PMID- 7116361 TI - Synthesis of N-(L-glutam-5-oyl)-alpha-D-glucopyranosylamine and O-alpha-D glucopyranosyl-(1 to 6)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 to 6)-N-(L-glutam-5-oyl)-alpha D-glucopyranosylamine. PMID- 7116362 TI - Low-molecular-weight metabolites of D-[1-14C]glucosamine in cultured, normal and carcinomatous, human-mammary cells. PMID- 7116363 TI - Epidemiology and risk of hypertension in the elderly. PMID- 7116364 TI - Compliance in elderly hypertensives. PMID- 7116365 TI - Indoxyl methods for alkaline phosphatases. PMID- 7116366 TI - Studies on fresh water snails: specific intermediate hosts for schistosomiasis- V. Isolation and acid analysis of histones. PMID- 7116367 TI - Study on bull sperm lactate dehydrogenase. PMID- 7116368 TI - Alterations in cellular morphology, proliferative rate and peptide composition accompany dimethylsulfoxide-enhanced liver protein synthesis by hepatoma cells. PMID- 7116369 TI - Individual carboxylic ester hydrolases of the developing cerebellum. Influence of experimental hyperphenylalaninaemia. PMID- 7116370 TI - The ultrastructure of a diethylstilbestrol-induced heterotopic epithelium and adenosis of the uterine cervix in mice. PMID- 7116371 TI - Effect of radiophosphorus on the succinic dehydrogenase activity in the testis of mice during postnatal development. PMID- 7116372 TI - Effect of 32P on the activity of alkaline phosphatase in the testis of Swiss albino mice during postnatal development. PMID- 7116373 TI - Alkylation of nuclear proteins in rat liver by diethylnitrosamine. PMID- 7116374 TI - [Physicians in the prevention of nuclear war]. PMID- 7116375 TI - [Main structures of viruses and the significance of virus glycoproteins for the process of infection and for influenza virus variability]. PMID- 7116376 TI - [Minicomputer programme for routine nephrological monitoring of patients with progressive extinction of renal functions]. PMID- 7116377 TI - [Encephalopathy in chronic haemodialyzation and its possible connection with hypercalcaemia]. PMID- 7116378 TI - [Renal osteopathy. Metabolism and absorption of calcium in chronically haemodialyzed patients]. PMID- 7116381 TI - [Clinical manifestations of central dysfunction in myasthenia gravis]. PMID- 7116380 TI - [Correlations between inflammatory affections of the central and peripheral nerve system. Etiopathogenetic aspect]. PMID- 7116379 TI - [Uticillin (carphecillin) in the treatment of urinary tract infections in patients with impaired renal function]. PMID- 7116382 TI - [Verapamil (an antagonist of calcium) and its effect on chronic pulmonary hypertension in humans]. PMID- 7116383 TI - [Possible uses of Czechoslovak-made resin sorbents for haemoperfusion in cases of intoxication with psychopharmacological agents]. PMID- 7116384 TI - [HLA and primary varices]. PMID- 7116386 TI - [Central haemodynamics in different stages of hypertension]. PMID- 7116385 TI - [Virus envelope glycoproteins and their significance for cell infection in some RNA--and DNA--containing viruses]. PMID- 7116387 TI - [Diagnostic possibilities of exercise test in left bundle-branch block. Significance of the ST interval and the R wave changes]. PMID- 7116388 TI - [Valsalva's maneuver and its effect on systolic time intervals in healthy controls and in patients with ischaemic heart disease]. PMID- 7116389 TI - [Vitamin C and diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7116391 TI - [Alpha-2-macroglobulin associated with pregnancy and monitored with quantitative immunoelectrophoresis during cancer involvement]. PMID- 7116390 TI - [Effect of weight reduction on the hypothalamopituitary function and serum lipids levels in obese patients]. PMID- 7116392 TI - [Myositis ossificans pseudomaligna]. PMID- 7116393 TI - [The rooming-in system for the mother and newborn infant]. PMID- 7116395 TI - [The use of Cox's regressive analysis in medicine]. PMID- 7116394 TI - [First-hand experience with serological diagnosis of legionellosis in Czechoslovakia]. PMID- 7116396 TI - [Haematopoietic stem cells and their concentration from bone marrow]. PMID- 7116397 TI - [Human bone marrow preservation under laboratory conditions]. PMID- 7116398 TI - [Primary hyperparathyroidism and its incidence according to age and sex]. PMID- 7116400 TI - [Coxartrosis and time]. PMID- 7116399 TI - [Treating hypothyroidism with L-thyroxine and monodeiodase activity]. PMID- 7116401 TI - [A new Czechoslovak nonsteroid antiphlogistic agent. Effects on haematological and biochemical values of laboratory rats]. PMID- 7116403 TI - [Thrombosed Bjork-Shiley's artificial aortic valve]. PMID- 7116402 TI - [Contactless cardiokymography. Non-invasive test for regional impairment of myocardial contractility]. PMID- 7116404 TI - [Simultaneous multi-element analysis of blood plasma ]. PMID- 7116405 TI - [Current problems of evaluation of drug-induced anaemias using the laboratory rat as an experimental model ]. PMID- 7116407 TI - [Present treatment of cestodiasis ]. PMID- 7116406 TI - [Endorphin releasers--a new method of pain management? ]. PMID- 7116408 TI - [Campylobacterial enterocolitis ]. PMID- 7116409 TI - Distal tubular segments of the rabbit kidney after adaptation to altered Na- and K-intake. I. Structural changes. AB - The baso-lateral cell-membrane area in kidney tubules appears to be associated with the capacity for electrolyte transport; in the rabbit, it decreases from the distal convoluted tubule (DCT-cells) over the connecting tubule (CNT-cells) to the cortical collecting duct (principal cells). Adaptation to low Na-, high K intake changes this pattern: CNT-cells at the beginning of the connecting tubule have the highest membrane area, which decreases along the segment, but remains two-fold higher than in controls. Principal cells have a four-fold higher membrane area than in controls. Simultaneous treatment with the antimineralocorticoid canrenoate-K inhibits the structural changes in CNT-cells only in end-portions of the connecting tubule and in principal cells. After prolonged high Na-, low K-intake DCT-cells display a two-fold higher membrane area than controls, while CNT-cells and principal cells are not affected. Simultaneous treatment with DOCA does not affect the DCT-cells but provokes a moderate increase in membrane area in CNT-cells, and a 5.5-fold increase in principal cells. The data provide evidence that DCT-, CNT- and principal cells are functionally different cell types. The baso-lateral cell-membrane area, associated with electrolyte-transport capacity, appears to be influenced in DCT cells mainly by Na-intake, in CNT-cells mainly by K-intake and in part also by mineralocorticoids, and in principal cells mainly by mineralocorticoids. PMID- 7116410 TI - The innervation pattern of crustacean skeletal muscle. Morphometry and ultrastructure of terminals and synapses. AB - The innervation pattern of distal muscle fibers of the opener muscle of walking legs of crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) was investigated using methylene-blue staining, cobalt infiltration, and electron microscopy. A quantitative analysis of the entire innervation of single muscle fibers was attempted. It was found that instead of the generally assumed parallel array of numerous excitatory and inhibitory terminals, innervation consists of only a few branched terminals. The branches of excitatory and inhibitory terminals lie side-by-side. Both types are characterized by numerous varicosities (see Fig. 9B). The aggregate length of excitatory as well as inhibitory terminals on one muscle fiber is, on the average, about 1,500 micrometer with a total of 152 varicosities spaced about 10 micrometer apart. The average diameter of the varicosities is 4.26 micrometer, that of the connecting thin segments about 0.5 micrometer. Total terminal surface of motor or inhibitory terminals amounts to about 10,000 micrometers2 per muscle fiber. There are approximately 2,000 motor synapses on each muscle fiber, but their average total area is only about 6% of the terminal membrane area, or 0.06% of the (idealized) muscle fiber surface. There are conspicuous differences in the postsynaptic specializations associated with excitatory and inhibitory terminals; these are described in detail. The results are discussed in a functional context and with regard to design and results of electrophysiological experiments. PMID- 7116411 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of echinoid podia. AB - Tube feet of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus franciscanus were studied with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). By use of fractured preparations it was possible to obtain views of all components of the layered tube-foot wall. The outer epithelium was found to bear tufts of cilia possibly belonging to sensory cells. The nerve plexus was clearly revealed as being composed of bundles of varicose axons. The basal lamina, which covers the outer and inner surfaces of the connective tissue layer, was found to be a mechanically resistant and elastic membrane. The connective tissue appears as dense bundles of (collagen) fibers. The luminal epithelium (coelothelium) is a single layer of flagellated collar cells. There is no indication that the muscle fibers, which insert on the inner basal lamina of the connective tissue layer are innervated by axons from the basi epithelial nerve plexus. The results agree with previous conclusions concerning tube-foot structure based on transmission electron microscopy, and provide additional information, particularly with regard to the outer and inner epithelia. PMID- 7116413 TI - The vascular architecture of the developing pituitary-median eminence complex in the rat. AB - The development of the pituitary gland and its blood vessels is described in rat embryos (gestational day 12 through day 21) injected with India-ink via the umbilical vessels. The vascularization of all components of the pituitary gland develops from the surface network covering the prosencephalic vesicle. However, vascular connections exist between the prospective median eminence and the anterior pituitary gland in the earliest stages examined (day 12) but are not augmented by vessels from the stomatodeal roof until day 13. Primary portal veins appear initially on day 13, the vascularization of the pars distalis is visible on day 15. The "Mantelplexus" covering the floor of the diencephalon is discernible on day 16. Large-caliber portal veins appear immediately before birth, but otherwise there is no significant change in the vascular pattern during the last five days of gestation. The pars intermedia and the median eminence-pituitary stalk region remain avascular throughout embryonic life. PMID- 7116412 TI - Differential specificity of substrate-attached lectins stimulating spreading of GH3-cells under serum-free, hormone-supplemented culture conditions. AB - Most mammalian cells are capable of growth in culture only when they are supplied with an appropriate substrate to which they can adhere and spread. To prepare suitable substrates different lectins were attached onto polystyrene tissue culture dishes after coating with polylysine. GH3-cells (a pituitary-tumor-cell line) were seeded into the culture dishes containing serum-free, hormone supplemented medium. When succinylated Concanavalin A (s-Con A), which binds specifically to mannose residues, is attached to the surface an extraordinary spreading of GH3-cells is induced within 15 to 20 min after seeding. Other lectins with a different sugar-binding specificity are less effective in inducing cell spreading. However, the cell spreading depends not only on the substrate attached lectins but also on the hormones used in the proliferation-culture of GH3-cells. Both types of molecules found in the microenvironment of a cell, the matrix-fixed sugar-binding proteins and the diffusive hormones, are responsible for the regulation of the behaviour of the mammalian cell. It is suggested that the interaction of the cell-surface carbohydrates with the plasma-membrane-bound lectins of contiguous cells plays a central role in such processes, especially in in-vivo. PMID- 7116414 TI - Cholesterol distribution and structural differentiation in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of rat cardiac muscle cells. A freeze-fracture cytochemical investigation. AB - The polyene compound, filipin, was used as a probe to localize cholesterol in the membranes of the rat cardiac muscle cell, with particular reference to the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Filipin binds specifically to cholesterol (and related 3-beta-hydroxysterols) in membranes, producing distinct deformations which can be viewed by freeze-fracture and used as markers for the presence of cholesterol-rich regions in the membrane plane. In freeze-fracture replicas of filipin-treated rat myocardium, the muscle cells revealed abundant deformations in their plasma membranes, no deformations in mitochondrial membranes, and an intermediate response in the SR. These results are in agreement with the levels of cholesterol reported in isolated fractions of the different membrane types, and confirm the specificity of filipin action. Within the SR, the filipin-induced deformations were not randomly distributed but occurred more commonly in free SR at or near the Z-region of the sarcomere than in other parts of the free SR or the junctional SR. This finding is interpreted as evidence for a non-homogeneous distribution of cholesterol in cardiac muscle cell SR. The possible significance of cholesterol in relation to structural differentiation and function of the SR is discussed. PMID- 7116415 TI - Cell type specificity of a neural cell surface antigen recognized by the monoclonal antibody A2B5. AB - The monoclonal antibody A2B5 reacts with the surface membrane of most neurons in monolayer cultures of cerebellum, retina, spinal cord, and dorsal root ganglion of embryonic and early postnatal C57Bl/6 J mice maintained in vitro for culture periods of 2 to 10 days. A small percentage of astroglial cells also expresses A2B5 antigen in murine, chicken and rabbit cerebellum, in chicken retina, and in murine spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion. Less mature astroglial cells are strained for A2B5 antigen to a greater extent than the more mature astrocytes. Astrocytes from rat cerebellum and mouse retina were not found to express A2B5 antigen under the present culture conditons. Some of the less mature oligodendrocytes recognized by 04 antibodies express A2B5 antigen, while the more mature 01 antigen- and galactocerebroside-positive oligodendrocytes were not found to be A2B5 antigen-positive. Fibroblasts or fibroblast-like cells do not express detectable levels of A2B5 antigen. After fixation of the cells with paraformaldehyde and ethanol, all cell types present in culture are labeled by the A2B5 antibody intracellularly. PMID- 7116416 TI - Electron-microscopic localization of A2B5 cell surface antigen in monolayer cultures of murine cerebellum and retina. AB - Immuno-electron microscopy was performed on live, cultured, early postnatal cerebellar and retinal cells of the mouse to identify A2B5 antigen-bearing elements. In cerebellar cultures, granule cells, some immature oligodendroglia, and astroblasts express A2B5 antigen on their cell surfaces. The typical features of astroblasts include large cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum and a mixed population of intermediate-sized filaments and microtubules. Immature oligodendroglia cells express the antigen on their cell bodies and on processes filled with cytoplasm. Cytoplasm-free membranous whorls, however, are devoid of A2B5 antigen, but not of 0 or NS-1 antigens. In retinal cultures, A2B5 antigen is observed on differentiating neurons with the exception of photoreceptor cells as identified by ribbon synapses. PMID- 7116417 TI - Contracting striated muscle fibres differentiated from primary rat pituitary cultures. AB - Whole pituitaries or adenohypophyses alone of adult female Wistar/Furth rats were dissociated into single cells by means of two different enzymic disintegration methods. The single-cell suspension was then seeded out and cultured for up to 8 months in tissue culture dishes with untreated and polylysine-coated surfaces. The cells were cultured in different sera (horse serum, newborn-calf serum, fetal calf serum, mixtures of horse and newborn-calf serum, and isogenic rat serum) and also in a serum-free, hormone-supplemented medium. When the cells were cultured in medium containing horse serum (15%) plus fetal-calf serum (3%) on polylysine treated surfaces, cell fusion and the development of myotubes could be observed between day 5 and 10 after seeding and, on about day twenty, the formation of multicellular microstructures could be seen. Myotubes in such microstructures differentiate into muscle fibres, and show spontaneous contraction. Striation is visible both light and electron microscopyically. Such a differentiation into striated muscle cells depends on specific culture conditions: the serum used, the formation of microstructures, and the treatment of the culture dishes. There is apparently no previous report of striated muscle cells found in pituitary cultures. PMID- 7116418 TI - Ultrastructure of gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) in the amphibian urodele, Pleurodeles waltlii. AB - The ultrastructure of gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) has been studied in the salamander, Pleurodeles waltlii. Lymphoid accumulations appear as true infiltrates scattered throughout the lamina propria cell elements. The most important components of these infiltrates are small and medium sized lymphocytes, and, in lesser amounts, developing and mature plasma cells, macrophages and granulocytes. Migrating lymphoid cells massively invade the intestinal epithelium inducing noticeable modifications, such as the disappearance of the basement membrane and decreased numbers of mucous cells. Thus, in its organization and cell composition, the GALT of P. waltlii appears to represent a primitive phylogenetic precursor of the mammalian "intestinal-immunologic" barrier. PMID- 7116419 TI - Survival of Pacinian corpuscles after denervation in adult rats. AB - The ultrastructure of Pacinian corpuscles located on the crural interosseous membrane was studied in adult rats 6h to 10 months after transection of the right sciatic nerve. Axon terminals degenerated one day after transection and were engulfed and resorbed by cells of the inner core within one week. The axial space left after removal of the axonal debris was closed by the lamellae of the inner core. The main structural features of the inner core and capsule remained preserved after denervation throughout the period of study. The denervated inner cores, however, became atrophic 10 months after neurotomy, their mean diameter being reduced by 17.5% compared with that of contralateral control corpuscles. The number of capsular lamellae was unaltered, and perineurial pathways of the peripheral nerve stump remained preserved. Schwann cells proliferated and formed Bungner bands during the first month after denervation, but retracted their processes and became atrophic at later stages after neurotomy. Survival of Pacinian corpuscles after long-term denervation in adult rats is in contrast to their rapid degeneration within several days after nerve section in neonates. PMID- 7116420 TI - Further evidence that glycosaminoglycan specific to cholinergic synaptic vesicles recycles during electrical stimulation of the electric organ of Torpedo marmorata. PMID- 7116421 TI - Fine structure of a proprioceptor in the body wall of the marine nematode Deontostoma californicum Steiner and Albin, 1933 (Enoplida: Leptosomatidae). AB - The structure of a proprioceptor in the lateral hypodermal chords of Deontostoma californicum has been studied by light and electron microscopy. It is comprised of a sensory cell provided with a cilium situated in a terminal invagination. An accompanying dendrite forms a synaptic junction at the distal end of the sensory cell. This is the first fine structural description of this proprioceptor in the Enoplida. PMID- 7116422 TI - Structural and functional classification of antennal sensilla of the cockroach, Leucophaea maderae. AB - Antennal sensilla of Leucophaea maderae were investigated electrophysiologically, labeled and then examined with the scanning or transmission electron microscope. The sensilla can be classified into morphological types according to their external shape and the structure of their hair wall. Sensilla showing similar reaction spectra of their cells can be categorized into physiological groups. The morphological classification corresponds to the physiological grouping: one morphological type of sensillum comprises one or several groups of physiologically similar sensilla. In many of these groups constant combinations of physiologically different cells occur. The possible functional significance of the relationships found between the structural features of the sensilla and the physiological properties of their sensory cells is discussed. PMID- 7116423 TI - Correlation between thyroid-follicle fusion and structural modifications of the epithelial cells. A quantitative study in the adult rat. AB - Changes in thyroid structure induced by a decrease in TSH or iodide-dependent stimulation were quantified by stereological analysis of light micrographs. Studies were carried out on intact (R5) and hypophysectomized (R5H) rats receiving 5 micrograms iodide, and on intact rats (R5O) receiving 50 micrograms iodide daily. For R5H- and R5O-thyroids, the mean parameters of the epithelial cells, height, volume and lateral membrane area, were smaller than those of R5 thyroids. An inverse shift was observed for the apical membrane area, whereas the peripheral membrane area was unchanged. The number of epithelial cells was similar in each of the three groups; however, the number of follicles was greater in R5-thyroids, suggesting that follicular fusion occurs in R5O- and R5H thyroids. This was confirmed by direct observation. The present results demonstrate that in adult rats a lack of TSH or an increased iodide diet (insufficient to produce a physiopathological state) induce follicle fusion probably by means of cellular reorganization. This increase in follicle size could be involved in the regulation of thyroid iodine turnover. PMID- 7116424 TI - The influence of the cell cycle on structure and number of nucleoli in cultured human lymphocytes. AB - The nucleoli of lymphocytes undergo a typical sequence of structural changes after stimulation by phytohaemagglutinin. These changes are independent of the cell cycle. Neither the inhibition of DNA-synthesis (by adenosine and methotrexate), nor the elimination of postmitotic interphase nuclei (by a colchicine block of mitoses), nor the release from such blocks has a noticeable effect on nucleolar structure or on the sequence of nucleolar changes. The number of nucleoli per cell is clearly influenced by the cell cycle. Mitosis leads to a marked increase in the number of nucleoli, whereas in all stages of interphase a decrease occurs. PMID- 7116425 TI - Morphological study on the regeneration of the retina in the rainbow trout after ouabain-induced damage: evidence for dedifferentiation of photoreceptors. AB - The retina of the rainbow trout is capable of marginal regeneration after ouabain induced degeneration (intraocular injection of 5 microliters 10(-4) M ouabain). In the central area where the pigment epithelium proliferates to a multicellular layer, the neural retina does not regenerate up to 182 days after injection of ouabain. The regeneration process begins in the marginal growth zone with an increase in the mitotic rate; the growth zone itself is not damaged after ouabain administration. The proliferate differentiates with time into a newly layered retina; this portion of the retina is called the paramarginal zone, i.e., the "first" regenerated zone. The paramarginal zone is arranged concentrically to the retinal margin. Cells surviving ouabain administration, located outside, although close to the margin and occurring mostly in the outer nuclear layer, reveal signs of dedifferentiation: loss of the outer segment, amalgamation of the presynaptic terminal with the perikaryal cytoplasm, alteration of cell shape, and mitotic activity. The area in which these dedifferentiation processes are observed is found adjacent and concentric to the paramarginal zone; it is thinner than the latter and incompletely structured ("second" regenerated zone). The third zone adjoins the second zone and is characterized by folds, which were described previously as "rosettes". Extracellular microtubule-like structures, which are found between the horizontal cells in the normal retina of the rainbow trout, regenerate only sparsely in the paramarginal zone, whereas they are lacking in the incompletely regenerated zones. PMID- 7116426 TI - Optic tract cells projecting to the retina in the teleost, Pantodon buchholzi. AB - Horseradish peroxidase was employed to trace retino-fugal and retino-petal connections in the teleost fish, Pantodon buchholzi. Most of the reciprocal connections found were within the range also observed in previously studied species of teleosts. Of particular interest is the discovery of cells located within the optic tract and projecting to the retina. These neurons were investigated electron microscopically. PMID- 7116427 TI - The fine structure of the terminal segment of the bovine seminiferous tubule. AB - The intratesticular excurrent duct system of the bull is composed of rete testis, tubuli recti, and the terminal segment of the seminiferous tubules. Each terminal segment is surrounded by a vascular plexus and may be subdivided into a transitional region, middle portion, and terminal plug. The modified supporting cells of the middle portion and the terminal plug no longer display the typical Sertoli-Sertoli junctions seen in the transitional region and the seminiferous tubule proper. In the region of the terminal plug a distinct central lumen is generally not observed: spermatozoa and tubular fluid must pass through an intricate system of communicating clefts between the apices of the closely attached modified supporting cells. Vacuoles in the supranuclear region of the cells in the middle portion indicate strong transepithelial fluid transport. In analogy to the epithelium of rete testis and tubuli recti, the supporting cells of the terminal segment are capable of phagocytosing spermatozoa. The vascular plexus investing the terminal segment serves a dual purpose: it is a regulatory device for fluid and sperm transport, as well as an area of increased diapedesis for white blood cells. PMID- 7116429 TI - Localization of immunoreactive prolactin in ependyma and circumventricular organs of rat brain. AB - Immunoreactive prolactin (IMP) has been localized in the male rat brain using the soluble peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) technique. In normal untreated animals, reaction product was seen in choroid plexus (CP) and in ependymal cells of the ventricular lining with heaviest concentrations of positively staining cells in the 3rd ventricle near the subcommissural organ (SCO), in the lateral ventricles near the subfornical organ (SFO), and in the 4th ventricle near the area postrema (AP). IMP was also present in numerous ependymal cells resembling tanycytes in the cerebral aqueduct, central canal of the spinal cord at the level of the AP, the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT) and the floor of the infundibular recess. Immunoreactive cells resembling neurons were localized within the substance of the AP, SCO, and OVLT. IMP was also present in fibers of the zona externa of the median eminence and infundibular stalk; a few cells of the pars tuberalis contained reaction product. Hypophysectomized rats and bromocriptine-treated rats exhibited a similar staining pattern except that bromocriptine treatment eliminated IMP from most CP cells. Hypophysectomy, bromocriptine or estrogen treatment enhanced staining for IMP in cells of the pars tuberalis; estrogen treatment or hypophysectomy produced an increase in the number and distribution of immunoreactive cells as well as increased density of reaction product in cells of the medial habenular nucleus. The functional relevance of prolactin in these locations in the brain, the possible routes of transport of prolactin from the pituitary gland to the central nervous system, and the strong suggestion of extra-pituitary sites of synthesis of a prolactin like hormone are discussed. PMID- 7116428 TI - The brain-pituitary-gonadal axis in the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri: gonadal hormones and the maturation of gonadotropic cells. AB - Intact and castrated juvenile male rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were treated with testosterone and gonadotropic hormone (GTH) to determine the maturational effects of these hormones on the GTH-cells. Electron-microscopic studies of the GTH-cells revealed that GTH and testosterone in intact animals, and testosterone in castrated fish, caused GTH-cell maturation: These cells now displayed the same appearance as GTH-cells in adult trout, including the presence of globules, a well-developed Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum, all of which were absent in GTH-cells of control animals. Animals with stimulated GTH-cells also had an increased GTH content of the pituitary; release of GTH could not be demonstrated. Animals treated with GTH exhibited an accelerated development of the testes, resulting in complete gametogenesis and elevated plasma testosterone levels. These results indicate that exogenous steroids as well as endogenous gonadal steroids can stimulate the full development of GTH-cells and accelerate GTH synthesis. The significance of this stimulating effect of the gonadal hormones with respect to the development of the brain-pituitary-gonadal axis and the onset of puberty is discussed. PMID- 7116431 TI - Chronic organophosphate exposure and its effect on S. haematobium infection. PMID- 7116430 TI - Topographic, morphologic and developmental characterization of the nucleus loci coerulei in the chicken. A Golgi and fluorescence-histochemical study. AB - Golgi- and fluorescence-histochemical studies in the chicken shown the presence of a sharply delimited group of aminergic neurons beneath the floor of the fourth ventricle at the mesen-metencephalic boundary. According to the observations reported in other avian species a homology can be established between the mammalian locus coeruleus (LC) and this fluorescent cell mass of the chicken brainstem. Golgi studies revealed an isodendritic pattern of ramification of the neurons in this nucleus. In addition, a developmental study on the morphological maturation of the LC in the chick embryo was carried out by means of the histochemical-fluorescence method for biogenic amines and the rapid Golgi method. The time of the first onset of catecholamine synthesis and storage has been shown to correspond to the 9th day of incubation (stage HH 35), just when these cells display a well-established and peculiar dendritic pattern. All maturational events in the LC of the chick embryo thus occur earlier than in the fetal rat brain, the prenatal development of which is accomplished in a period of comparable length. PMID- 7116432 TI - Unified National Health Information System. Part II. The Village Health Worker Health Information System. PMID- 7116434 TI - What is hospice care? PMID- 7116433 TI - Infantile spasms in Enugu children. PMID- 7116436 TI - Changes in the 24-hour prolactin pattern in cluster headache. PMID- 7116435 TI - The hazards of smoking. PMID- 7116437 TI - Effect of histamine on regional cerebral blood flow in man. AB - Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured using the intra-arterial 133Xe technique in 35 or 256 areas of a hemisphere. In seven patients rCBF was measured in the resting state and following intracarotid (i.c.) infusion of histamine 10 50 microgram/min. In four patients histamine was infused intravenously in a dose of 25-40 microgram/min. Histamine caused no significant change in mean arterial blood pressure or arterial PCO2. There was no significant change in mean hemispheric blood flow during i.v. or i.c. histamine infusion. No change in the regional distribution of hemispheric blood flow was observed. Experimental histamine headache is most likely of extracranial origin. PMID- 7116438 TI - Psychophysiological response patterns in migraine patients. AB - Cardiovascular responses to strong auditory stimulation were compared in common migraine patients and controls. Two matched groups of eight subjects participated in two laboratory sessions. During each session, baseline recording of the cardiovascular variables was followed by twenty auditory stimuli (95 dB, 1000 Hz), sounded at irregular intervals. Phasic responses in heart rate and pulse wave amplitudes in the superficial temporal arteries were measured. A post stimulation sampling period ended each session. Different cardiovascular response patterns were found in the two groups. The migraine patients showed more pronounced heart rate responses and slower habituation to stimulation. Stronger pulse wave amplitude reduction during stimulation and an increase during the post stimulation period was also found in the migraine group. PMID- 7116439 TI - Invasive adenoma of the pituitary gland and chronic migrainous neuralgia. A rare coincidence or a causal relationship? PMID- 7116440 TI - Common migraine attacks preceded by focal hyperemia and parietal oligemia in the rCBF pattern. AB - Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured in the dominant hemisphere with the xenon-133 injection method, using the 254 multidetector gamma camera. Two patients developed a common migraine attack during the rCBF studies. The headache was preceded by focal oligemia in the occipitoparietal region in one of the patients and in the parietocentral region in the other. Neurological examination was normal. These results indicate that the initiating cerebral hemodynamics in common migraine are, at least in particular patients, the same as in patients with classic migraine. PMID- 7116441 TI - A case of pre-chronic paroxysmal hemicrania. PMID- 7116442 TI - Aspirin treatment of migraine attacks: plasma drug level data. AB - Plasma aspirin and salicylate levels were measured at intervals over a two hour period during migraine attacks in 10 subjects given 900 mg oral aspirin alone, in 10 subjects given 900 mg oral aspirin plus 10 mg oral metoclopramide, and in 10 subjects given 900 mg oral aspirin plus an intramuscular injection of 10 mg metoclopramide. Higher peak aspirin and salicylate levels occurred in patients given aspirin with metoclopramide. Aspirin tended to appear in plasma earlier in patients given aspirin with oral metoclopramide than in patients given aspirin alone, or aspirin with intramuscular metoclopramide. Patients given aspirin with oral metoclopramide tended to obtain better early pain relief than the other two treatment groups, though by one hour from dosage use of injected metoclopramide was also associated with better pain relief. PMID- 7116443 TI - Human growth hormone: a multigene family. PMID- 7116444 TI - Yeast use translational control to compensate for extra copies of a ribosomal protein gene. AB - The efficient assembly of ribosomes requires a balanced synthesis of ribosomal RNA and each ribosomal protein. In an attempt to establish the mechanisms responsible for such balanced synthesis we have altered the gene dosage for one of the components by introducing into yeast an autonomously replicating plasmid containing the gene tcm1, which codes for ribosomal protein L3. The plasmid is maintained at 5-10 copies per cell by selection for expression of its URA3 gene. The plasmid-containing cells transcribe 7.5 times as much L3 mRNA as control cells, maintain 3.5 times as much L3 mRNA as control cells and synthesize no more than 1.2 times as much L3 protein as control cells. We conclude that the balanced synthesis of ribosomal proteins is maintained by modulating both the efficiency of translation and the lifetime of their mRNAs. PMID- 7116445 TI - A transcriptionally active, covalently closed minichromosome of cauliflower mosaic virus DNA isolated from infected turnip leaves. AB - Purified nuclei from turnip leaves infected by cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) have been shown to contain a fraction of CaMV DNA that consists of covalently closed circular molecules; possesses a nucleosome structure, based on sensitivity to micrococcal nuclease; and contains nuclear RNA polymerase II that selectively transcribes the coding strand of CaMV DNA in vitro. Our results suggest that the transcriptionally active CaMV DNA is in the form of a minichromosome and that this DNA does not contain the site-specific discontinuities characteristic of the virion. PMID- 7116446 TI - Differences in patterns of complementation of the more common groups of xeroderma pigmentosum: possible implications. AB - Xeroderma pigmentosum of groups A, C and D shows complementation differing in kinetics, dependence on the dose of wild-type alleles and dependence on protein synthesis. Such differences suggest that XP-A, -C and -D carry mutations at different loci. The product of the first of these loci (factor A) is present in significant excess in normal fibroblasts, seems to turn over rapidly and may be a dimer or higher polymer. The products of the other two loci (factors C and D) do not seem to be present in significant excess in the cytoplasm of normal fibroblasts, but factor C may accumulate abnormally in XP-D. Factors C and D turn over slowly (D more than C) and they do not move freely from the cell nucleus. Factors A and C, at least, seem to act directly and not via gene regulation. PMID- 7116447 TI - Cell lineage of the thoracic muscles of Drosophila. AB - The thorax of the adult Drosophila contains about 80 muscles, which develop from the mesoderm. A new genetic marker was used to map the cell lineage of the myoblasts that form these muscles. Clones of marked cells were produced by irradiation of embryos and larvae, and these were detected in the adult by histochemical staining. The principal findings are that the muscles of each segment have separate origins, and that each becomes compartmented precisely into a dorsal-lineage and a ventral-lineage set of muscles, each set probably being formed by the adepithelial cells found in one imaginal disc. In contrast with the epidermis, the muscles of each thoracic segment are not subdivided into anterior and posterior compartments, and clones of muscle cells that are homozygous for recessive-lethal alleles of engrailed develop normally. PMID- 7116448 TI - RNA splicing in Neurospora mitochondria. Characterization of new nuclear mutants with defects in splicing the mitochondrial large rRNA. AB - In Neurospora, the gene encoding the mitochondrial large (25S) ribosomal RNA contains an intervening sequence of 2.3 kb. We have identified eight nuclear mutants that are defective in splicing the mitochondrial large ribosomal RNA and that accumulate unspliced precursor RNA. These mutants identify three different nuclear genes required for the same mitochondrial RNA splicing reaction. Some of the mutants have unique phenotypic characteristics (for example, accumulation of an unusual intron RNA) that may provide insight into specific aspects of mitochondrial RNA splicing. Mutations at one locus, cyt4, are subject to partial phenotypic suppression by the electron-transport inhibitor antimycin. This phenomenon suggests that at least one component required for mitochondrial RNA splicing is regulated such that its synthesis or activity is increased in response to impairment of electron transport. PMID- 7116449 TI - Expression of the split gene cob in yeast: evidence for a precursor of a "maturase" protein translated from intron 4 and preceding exons. AB - Intron 4 (14) of the split gene cob in mitochondrial DNA contains a long open reading frame in phase with the preceding exon. Mutations in this intron block the excision of the 14 sequence from the cob precursor RNA and, at the same time, generate a series of new polypeptides, parts of which apparently result from translation of 14 sequences. We sequenced six mutations clustered in the upstream part of the open reading frame, about 340 bp from the exon-intron boundary (box9 cluster). Four are base pair exchanges in the same triplet of this region; these form the polypeptides typical for 14 plus a trans-acting product encoded by 14, as shown by complementation studies. The other two mutations--a -2 bp deletion at the same site, causing frameshift with a chain-terminating codon within a few triplets, and a base pair exchange at a nearby site--affect both the formation of 14 typical translation products and the trans-acting function. These results on box9 mutants combined with results on box7 mutants suggest that an 14-encoded "maturase" protein (apparent molecular weight, 27,000) is cleaved off a precursor protein (apparent molecular weight, 55,000) encoded by exon sequences B1 to B4 and the intron open reading frame. We further discuss the role of the box9 nucleotide sequence in the maturation of cob-specific RNA. PMID- 7116450 TI - Clonal lethality caused by the yeast plasmid 2 mu DNA. AB - Strains of Saccharomyces that carry the nib allele of a nuclear gene exhibit a "nibbled" colony morphology if they also harbor the plasmid 2 mu DNA. I have found that the expression of the nibbled phenotype is correlated with the presence of a subpopulation of abnormally large cells that give rise to mortal clones. Large cells apparently become large as a consequence of a defect in DNA replication or nuclear division. Large nib cells contain twice as much 2 mu DNA per microgram of total DNA as small nib cells do, and elevated 2 mu DNA copy number is the cause, not the effect, of increased cell size. It appears that the NIB allele can prevent an increase in 2 mu DNA copy number, but cannot produce a decrease once the copy number has exceeded the normal level. I propose, therefore, that the NIB gene product normally represses the amplification of 2 mu DNA copy number, and that the nib allele is partially defective in this function. PMID- 7116451 TI - Derepression with decreased expression of the G6PD locus on the inactive X chromosome in normal human cells. AB - Studies of a unique clone of skin fibroblasts from a normal 46 XX female reveal that the G6PD locus on the inactive X chromosome has been derepressed. The reactivation event occurs spontaneously, and is associated with normal karyotype, including the presence of a late-replicating X chromosome. Analysis of mouse human hybrids with the relevant chromosome provides evidence that the derepressed locus is on the inactive X, and that reactivation is not extensive (the PGK locus is not derepressed). Nor is any general change in DNA methylation of this chromosome detectable with Hpa II and an X-specific DNA probe. Studies of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase phenotype in these heterozygous cells indicate that the reactivated X produces only half the enzyme subunits as are produced by the active X. Although this dosage difference may be related to the mutational event responsible for derepression of the locus, these observations along with other evidence suggest that loci on the inactive X, when expressed, have less activity than corresponding loci on the active X. PMID- 7116452 TI - Regulated expression of human growth hormone genes in mouse cells. AB - We have asked whether there are sequences around the human growth hormone gene that render this gene responsive to induction by glucocorticoid hormones. Recombinant clones encoding human growth hormone were introduced into the chromosome of murine fibroblasts by cotransformation. Exposure of cotransformants to glucocorticoids results in a three to five fold induction of human growth hormone mRNA and a similar induction in secreted human growth hormone protein. The DNA sequences required for induction reside within 500 nucleotides of 5' flanking DNA. Fusion of this segment of 5'-flanking DNA to the structural gene sequences of a hormone-insensitive gene, such as thymidine kinase, now renders this gene responsive to glucocorticoid induction. PMID- 7116453 TI - A walk in the chorion locus of Bombyx mori. AB - We have recovered overlapping clones that represent in the aggregate a contiguous segment of chromosomal DNA 270 kb in length, or probably one third of the chorion locus of Bombyx mori. Approximately 70 genes have been identified, the majority of which are arranged in coordinately expressed pairs. The nonidentical genes expressed in the late period of choriogenesis are clustered within a single, 130 kb region, which is flanked by regions containing genes that are active during the middle developmental period. The late genes encode two families of high cysteine proteins; the evolutionarily persistent clustering of these families contrasts sharply with the extensive sequence diversification of the structural genes and their flanking DNA elements. We discuss the possible regulatory significance of the clustered arrangement, as well as certain features of multigene family evolution. PMID- 7116454 TI - Differential regulation of metallothionein-thymidine kinase fusion genes in transgenic mice and their offspring. AB - A fusion plasmid, pMK, containing the mouse metallothionein-I promoter/regulatory region joined to the structural gene of herpesvirus thymidine kinase, was introduced into mice by microinjection into fertilized eggs followed by reinsertion of the eggs into foster mothers. Fifteen percent (10 of 69) of the mice developing from this procedure carried pMK sequences. Seven of these mice expressed high levels of viral thymidine kinase in the liver. This enzyme is inducible by heavy metals, as indicated by assay of thymidine kinase activity following sequential partial hepatectomies with or without cadmium treatment. However, glucocorticoid treatment has been ineffective in all transgenic mice tested. The pMK sequences are extensively methylated at a variety of restriction sites, indicating the existence of a de novo methylation enzyme. We have analyzed the inheritance of pMK sequences and their expression in several pedigrees. These fusion genes are inherited as though they were integrated into a single chromosome; however, their expression may be extinguished, diminished or enhanced in the offspring relative to that of the parent. In some animals there is a correlation between changes in DNA methylation and expression of these fusion genes. PMID- 7116455 TI - Characterization of the F9 antigen(s) isolated from teratocarcinoma cell culture medium. AB - Anti-F9 is a syngeneic antiserum directed against mouse teratocarcinoma cells which also reacts, by complement-mediated cytotoxicity, with early mouse embryos and male germ cells. A molecule (or molecules) which specifically inhibits anti F9, cytotoxicity can be recovered from the culture medium of undifferentiated teratocarcinoma cells. The inhibitory component is not present in the culture medium of differentiated teratocarcinoma cells or embryonic fibroblasts. The inhibitory material binds to Ricinus communis I affinity columns indicating that it contains terminal non-reducing beta-galactosyl residues. The antigenicity of the molecule does not require protein, since the inhibitory activity is completely protease-resistant. Gel filtration indicates that the protease digested inhibitory material has a molecular weight of more than 80,000. PMID- 7116456 TI - Creatine kinase isoenzyme transitions in muscle grafts of mice. AB - Histological studies were correlated with developmentally regulated isoenzyme transitions of creatine kinase (CK) in free soleus muscle grafts in mice, 1-25 days after operation. One series of muscles was treated with Marcaine, a myotoxin, in order to promote subsequent regeneration of the muscle. Another set of muscles was mock-treated. In both series of experiments, CK-BB and hybrid CK MB isoenzymes reappeared transiently as the myoblasts fused and the muscle regenerated. CK isoenzyme transitions were somewhat more pronounced in Marcaine treated muscle. Nine days after grafting the muscle, specific CK-MM was again present almost exclusively. In this regenerating system, therefore, isoenzyme transitions correlate with histologically detectable regenerative changes, recapitulating the events of embryonic muscle development. PMID- 7116457 TI - Effect of incubation and translation inhibitors on the transcriptional activity in salivary glands of Chironomus thummi. AB - Short preincubations of excised salivary glands of Chironomus thummi in synthetic media modify both the activity of uridine uptake into the cells and its incorporation into RNA. The modification of uptake varies with the medium used. Incorporation into total RNA as well as into nucleolar preribosomal RNA is considerably decreased, while incorporation into non-nucleolar RNAs is little affected. When preincubated explanted glands are briefly treated with the protein synthesis inhibitors cycloheximide or anisomycin, the incorporation activity into preribosomal RNA is slightly recovered. This contrasts with the decrease of the labelling of preribosomal glandular RNA, when those drugs are applied in vivo to the larvae. PMID- 7116458 TI - Transcription of bovine satellite DNA by purified RNA polymerase III. AB - Purified calf thymus RNA polymerase III synthesizes, from calf thymus DNA template, RNA which hybridizes to the major repeated sequence of Eco R1-digested calf thymus DNA. Similar results are obtained with RNA transcribed from calf thymus chromatin. It is suggested that this DNA sequence, which is derived from bovine satellite DNA, may be genetically active. PMID- 7116459 TI - Cell shape and cartilage differentiation of early chick limb bud cells in culture. AB - The onset of chondrogenesis in te embryonic chick is preceded by a prechondrogenic condensation of the prospective cartilage cells. Similarly, in culture, the chondrogenic phenotype is only expressed by limb mesoderm cells plated at densities above confluence. This has led to the proposal that chondrogenic differentiation requires immediate histogenic interactions prior to overt chondrogenesis (Solursh et al., 1978, In Vitro 14, 51-61; and, 1980, Dev. Biol. 78, 141-150). It is noticeable that in both the in vitro situations cells secreting a cartilaginous matrix are rounded in shape. Recently, Glowacki, Trepman and Folkman (personal communication) have shown a dependence of phenotypic expression by mature chondrocytes on cell shape. Cells maintained in a rounded configuration by culturing on a semi-adhesive substratum (poly(HEMA)) synthesised more sulphur-containing extracellular matrix than cells allowed to flatten on normal tissue culture plastic. We have investigated whether there is a similar shape-dependent relationship in the differentiation of chick embryonic mesoblasts into actively secreting chondroblasts. Our results show that a rounded cell shape is conductive to the synthesis of a sulphated matrix. PMID- 7116460 TI - Immune regulation of complement components in vivo. PMID- 7116461 TI - Antibody-induced suppression and postsuppression stimulation of complement in vitro. 1. Effects of anti-c4 on cultured guinea pig peritoneal cells. PMID- 7116462 TI - Spontaneous cytotoxicity against viral-infected cells: effects of leucocytes and sera from older mice. PMID- 7116463 TI - Natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity in mice treated with total lymphoid irradiation (TL1). PMID- 7116464 TI - Role of Corynebacterium parvum in the activation of peritoneal macrophages. 1. Association between intracellular C. parvum and cytotoxic macrophages. PMID- 7116465 TI - Decrease of the major surface glycoprotein gp 160 in activated macrophages. PMID- 7116466 TI - [Drug compounding in pharmacies in the next stage of development of pharmaceutical services]. PMID- 7116467 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of cephradine]. PMID- 7116468 TI - [Pesticide residues in citrus fruits (Pericarpium aurantii amarum and dulce). III. Determination of diphenyl and diphenyl-2-ol residues using gas chromatography]. PMID- 7116469 TI - [Determination of titration acidity in fat emulsions]. PMID- 7116470 TI - [Immunoglobulins in dermatomyositis]. PMID- 7116471 TI - [Iontophoresis in the differential diagnosis of obscure epicutaneous reactions]. PMID- 7116472 TI - [Iatrogenic contact and group hypersensitivity to undecylenate 1 methyldodecylamine (2-aminotridecanum undecylenicum)]. PMID- 7116473 TI - [Multiple primary self-curable spinocellular Ferguson Smith epithelioma of the skin]. PMID- 7116475 TI - [The problem of trichyophytosis (Trichophyton verrucosum Bodin, 1902) as one of anthropozoonosis in the Svidnik district]. PMID- 7116474 TI - [Bart's Syndrome]. PMID- 7116476 TI - [The significance of deep crural thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in the sclerotherapy of varices (practical experience)]. PMID- 7116477 TI - [Our experience with the surgical treatment of achalasia of the oesophagus in 250 patients]. PMID- 7116478 TI - [Contribution to the problem of the natural course and prognosis of cirrhosis of the liver]. PMID- 7116479 TI - [Different tolerance of gastric pH to atropine in patients with duodenal ulcer as a criterium of the severity of the disease]. PMID- 7116481 TI - [Results of somatometric examination of pregnant and lactating women]. PMID- 7116480 TI - [Nutritional risk factors in the epidemiology of obesity in 45-54-year-old men and women in Bratislava]. PMID- 7116482 TI - [Chronic hemotypanum in animal experiments]. PMID- 7116483 TI - [The effect of disturbing noise of various intensities on hearing in children]. PMID- 7116484 TI - [Furosemide test in the diagnosis of inner ear diseases]. PMID- 7116485 TI - [Epidemiology of otorhinolaryngologic epidermoid carcinoma in patients at the Otorhinolaryngologic and Radiologic Clinic of the Kosice University Hospital 1970 1979]. PMID- 7116486 TI - [Adjuvant therapy in carcinoma of Waldeyer's ring]. PMID- 7116487 TI - [Antibody response in staphylococcal lymphadenitis in children]. PMID- 7116488 TI - [Topographic anatomy of the ansa cervicalis with reference to reinnervation of the larynx]. PMID- 7116489 TI - [Axerophthol therapy in chronic suppurative otitis media]. PMID- 7116491 TI - [Depersonalization ]. PMID- 7116490 TI - [Grisel's syndrome]. PMID- 7116493 TI - [Psychosomatic condition and clinical psychophysiology ]. PMID- 7116492 TI - [Psychophysiologic and electrophysiologic characteristics of patients ischemic heart disease ]. PMID- 7116494 TI - [Diagnostic value of the response reproduction error's type in Moravek's modified association experiment [MMAE] ]. PMID- 7116495 TI - [Body image in patients with mental anorexia ]. PMID- 7116496 TI - [Ambulatory treatment of larvate depressions with maprotiline ]. PMID- 7116497 TI - [Out-patient form of sex therapy ]. PMID- 7116498 TI - [10 years of the psychotherapeutic department in Kromeriz]. PMID- 7116499 TI - [A concept of socio-psychosomatic medical care and a model of an internal and psychosomatic medicine in-patient care department]. PMID- 7116500 TI - [The scientific and technological revolution and problems of health and health care]. PMID- 7116501 TI - [Results of a study of the health status of workers after myocardial infarct in the Northern Moravia area during 1977]. PMID- 7116502 TI - [Relation of physical conditioning and physical activity in workers in an industrial plant at risk for ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7116503 TI - [The district physician and hypercholesterolemia]. PMID- 7116504 TI - [Direct diffusion of scientific information within the district health system]. PMID- 7116505 TI - Chaetoglobosins, cytotoxic 10-(indol-3-yl)-[13]cytochalasans from Chaetomium spp. I. Production, isolation and some cytological effects of chaetoglobosins A-J. PMID- 7116506 TI - Studies on peptides. CVIII. Synthesis of the protected eicosapeptide corresponding to positions 19 to 38 of human parathyroid hormone. PMID- 7116507 TI - Studies on peptides. CIX. Synthesis of the octatriacontapeptide corresponding to positions 1 to 38 of human parathyroid hormone. PMID- 7116509 TI - Analysis of sodium liothyronine in tablets. PMID- 7116508 TI - Studies on peptides. CX. Solution synthesis of the tetratriacontapeptide amide corresponding to positions 1 to 34 of human parathyroid hormone. PMID- 7116510 TI - Studies on ergothioneine. VI. Distribution and fluctuations of ergothioneine in rats. PMID- 7116511 TI - Effects of stilbene components of the roots of Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. on lipid metabolism. PMID- 7116512 TI - Deacetyl-thymosin alpha 1: synthesis and immunological effect on lipoid nephrosis lymphocytes. PMID- 7116513 TI - Studies on Scutellariae radix. VI. Effects of flavanone compounds on lipid peroxidation in rat liver. PMID- 7116514 TI - Effect of simultaneous administration of drugs on absorption and excretion. XII. Effect of salicylic acid on hypoglycemic activity and blood concentration of carbutamide in rabbits. PMID- 7116515 TI - The determination of (alpha-bromoisovaleryl)urea in plasma and the bioavailabilities of its polymorphic forms in the rat. PMID- 7116516 TI - Pharmacological studies of ignavine, an aconitum alkaloid. PMID- 7116517 TI - Gas chromatographic-mass fragmentographic determination of 5-fluorouracil as a metabolite of new 5-fluorouracil derivatives. PMID- 7116518 TI - Suppression of IgM-producing cells by administration of anti-IgM serum in vivo before sheep red blood cells injection. PMID- 7116520 TI - The determination of m-tyrosine in human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7116519 TI - Effects of some complexing agents and modified bovine serum albumins on lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase inhibition caused by Cu2+ or Hg2+ ions. PMID- 7116521 TI - Effect of fluid volume on gastric emptying and intestinal drug absorption. II. Dihydrocodeine and thiopental concentration profiles in plasma after oral administration in different fluid volumes to mice. PMID- 7116522 TI - Antitumor activity of asterriquinones from Aspergillus fungi. IV. An attempt to modify the structure of asterriquinones to increase the activity. PMID- 7116523 TI - [Isolated juxtalimbic conjunctival amyloidosis]. PMID- 7116524 TI - [Ultrasonography-A study of changes in the vitreous body after lens extraction]. PMID- 7116525 TI - [First-intention treatment of various retinal detachments with supple retina (macular hole, giant tear) by the technic of vitrectomy-silicone injection]. PMID- 7116526 TI - [2 years' administration of timolol to patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma]. PMID- 7116527 TI - [Appearance of Hand-Schueller-Christian disease in ophthalmology]. PMID- 7116528 TI - [Morphological variants of various triangular syndromes]. PMID- 7116529 TI - [Orbitofacial malformative syndrome according to P. Tessier's classification. Modern neuroradiologic approach. Contribution of tomodensitometry]. PMID- 7116531 TI - [Electro-oculomotilography and multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 7116530 TI - [Influence of the pigmentary factor on changes in humoral immunity in experimental steroid glaucoma]. PMID- 7116532 TI - [Contact lenses and ocular pressure]. PMID- 7116533 TI - [Results and complications of vitrectomy in the treatment of disease-caused vitreous hemorrhages]. PMID- 7116534 TI - [Results of the treatment of retinal detachment with vitreous retraction by injections of intraocular liquid silicone]. PMID- 7116535 TI - [Cephalic Doppler recording in acute ischemia of the head of the optic nerve]. PMID- 7116536 TI - [Visual evoked potentials in relatives of subjects with hereditary optic atrophy apropos of a family with an oto-opticodiabetic syndrome]. PMID- 7116537 TI - [Comparative study of flash- and pattern-evoked visual potentials in patients suspected of or having multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 7116538 TI - [Campimetry of optic nerve pathology]. PMID- 7116539 TI - [Isolated retinal cirsoid aneurysm]. PMID- 7116540 TI - [Value of tomodensitometry in the diagnosis of unilateral papilledema with exophthalmos]. PMID- 7116541 TI - [A case of Alport's syndrome with retrobulbar neuritis]. PMID- 7116542 TI - [Angiography of the iris and fluorometry of the anterior chamber in aphakic and lens-implanted patients]. PMID- 7116543 TI - [Use of timolol in secondary glaucoma]. PMID- 7116544 TI - [The visual field of a glaucoma patient]. PMID- 7116545 TI - [Surgical indications in small angle esotropia]. PMID- 7116546 TI - [Sector occlusions in 1980]. PMID- 7116547 TI - [Preliminary study on diabetic choroidopathy]. PMID- 7116548 TI - [Etiopathogenesis of cerebrally caused seizures in chronic alcoholism]. PMID- 7116549 TI - [Bovine leukosis]. PMID- 7116550 TI - [Tomographic diagnosis of cerebral tumors]. PMID- 7116551 TI - [2 carcinoid tumors of the small intestine]. PMID- 7116552 TI - [Estimation of pulmonary arterial pressures on standard radiography of the thorax]. PMID- 7116554 TI - Correlation of urothelial morphologic characteristics with the development of bladder carcinomas in BALB/c female mice administered 2-acetylaminofluorene. AB - Urinary bladders from 6909 of 24,172 control or 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) treated female BALB/c mice were examined histopathologically. Dietary doses of 2 AAF ranged from 75 to 150 p.p.m. for up to 33 months. Urinary bladder epithelial hyperplasia, vacuolization, and inflammation were frequent observations in treated animals and showed a positive correlation with dose level and length of administration of 2-AAF. Concretions were infrequently found and occurred only in controls. Squamous metaplasia, ulceration, and lymphocytic accumulations were infrequently noted but gave some indication of a positive correlation with 2-AAF dose level. Vacuolization was always associated with hyperplasia and/or bladder tumors. Observations on the concurrence of hyperplasia, vacuolization, and neoplasia suggest that both hyperplasia and vacuolization may be precursors of neoplasia. While inflammation was infrequently noted in non-tumor-bearing animals, greater than 90% of the time it was seen in association with tumors and appears to be a response of the bladder to tumor progression. PMID- 7116553 TI - Strain differences in susceptibility of female mice to 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. AB - C3H, CBA, C57BL/6j, (CBA x C57BL/6j)F1, BALB/c, DBA/2, C3HA and AKR female mice were treated with 25 weekly s.c. injections of a solution of 1,2 dimethylhydrazine (DMH) in water at a dose level of 8 mg/kg body weight. BALB/c mice appeared to be most sensitive to the induction of epithelial colorectal (93.3%) and anal tumours by DMH. There was, however, a dissociation between the severity of the macroscopical tumour lesions in the colon of BALB/c mice and their relatively weak tendency to infiltrative growth. C3HA mice were more resistant to the induction of intestinal tumours (30.9%) but the tumours showed a deep invasion into the intestinal wall. There was no correlation between the strains and within a given strain between the development of colorectal and anal neoplasms. C3H and CBA mice strains developed a high incidence of uterine sarcomas (37.5 and 40.7%, respectively) which were not found at all in BALB/c, DBA/2 and C3HA mice and which appeared in C57BL/6j and AKR mice at low frequency (2.7 and 7.7%, respectively). C57BL/6j, BALB/c, DBA/2 and C3HA mice developed haemorrhagic lesions of the ovaries (35.1, 46.7, 62.9 and 85.7%, respectively). These lesions, which led to peritoneal haemorrhage, were one of the main causes of death in C3HA and DBA/2 strains. It seems that, with the exception of AKR mice, an inverse relationship exists between the occurrence of haemorrhagic ovarian lesions and development of uterine sarcomas in female mice treated with DMH. PMID- 7116555 TI - Lack of hepatogenotoxicity of oral contraceptive steroids. AB - The objective of the present study was to determine whether mestranol could initiate hepatocarcinogenesis and whether various gonadal steroids have detectable hepatogenotoxic potential. To test for initiation potential, female, Sprague-Dawley rats were partially hepatectomized and intubated with mestranol (100 or 500 mg/kg) 24 h later. Twenty-four hours after treatment all rats were transferred to diet containing 0.05% phenobarbital to promote hepatocytes initiated by mestranol treatment. Four months later an analysis of putative preneoplastic gamma glutamyl transpeptidase positive foci indicated that mestranol did not cause a significant increase in the number of such foci. Hepatogenotoxicity was assessed in two ways, first using alkaline elution to detect liver DNA damage after in vivo treatment with mestranol, and second by detection of DNA repair synthesis in primary cultures of hepatocytes treated with various oral contraceptive steroids. The results of both studies were negative. In conclusion, the oral contraceptive steroids do not exhibit strong initiating or genotoxic potential. PMID- 7116558 TI - Non-carcinogenicity in mice of a sulfonic acid derivative of 2-naphthylamine. PMID- 7116556 TI - In vitro transformation of rat esophageal epithelial cells with N nitrosobenzylmethylamine. AB - Using an explant/cell culture system, rat esophageal epithelial cells were transformed in vitro by exposure to N-nitroso-N-benzyl-N-methylamine (BMNA). Twelve esophageal explant cultures per group were exposed twice (at days 1 and 7) to 0.0, 2.5, 5.0 or 10.0 micrograms BMNA/ml of medium. After incubation for 60-90 days, epithelial cells in primary cultures treated with all three concentrations of BMNA could be subcultured and cell lines were developed. The number of primary cultures and the number of subsequently developed epithelial cell lines was carcinogen-dose-dependent. Cell lines could only be established from carcinogen treated explants. Electron microscopy revealed that the BMNA-treated cell lines contained morphological markers of esophageal epithelial cells; i.e., numerous tonofilaments and junctional complexes, even after prolonged subculture. By immunofluorescence, the cells reacted positively with antibodies prepared to mouse skin prekeratins (K1 and K2). Two cell lines (from the 5 micrograms BMNA/ml group) were able to grow in soft agar and produce palpable tumors upon injection into syngeneic recipients. These tumors possessed the histological features of squamous cell carcinomas. PMID- 7116557 TI - X-ray crystallographic proof of electrophilic attack at the pyrimidine/imidazole ring junction in guanosine. AB - The crystal structure of a novel nucleoside isolated from guanosine/p methylbenzyl chloride reactions demonstrates linkage between the methylene carbon of the benzyl moiety and carbon-5 of guanosine, and loss of the carbonyl function at carbon-6 of guanosine, to yield 4-(p-methylbenzyl)-5-guanidino-1-beta-D ribofurasylimidazole. These findings suggest that carbon-5 of guanine in DNA is a potential site of reaction for electrophilic ultimate carcinogens. PMID- 7116559 TI - Strand breakage and decreased molecular weight of DNA induced by specific metal compounds. AB - The effect of various metal compounds on the DNA of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was studied. Both NiCl2 and crystalline NiS caused DNA strand breaks in cultured CHO cells, whereas amorphous NiS did not. Strand breaks were quantitated by determining the number of average molecular weight of DNA following treatment with the metal compounds. Exposure of cells to crystalline NiS, CoS, CdS, AgS, CuS and Ni3S2 at 10 micrograms/ml for 24 h also induced DNA strand breaks. Similar exposure to activated charcoal, which was also actively phagocytosed, failed to cause any effect on the DNA of CHO cells. In the case of NiCl2 and NiS the effect was shown to be both time and dose dependent. Other soluble metal compounds such as HgCl2, CaCrO4, and CdCl2 also decreased the molecular weight of DNA while MnCl2, ZnCl2 and FeCl2 caused no significantly detectable change in DNA molecular weight. These effects, which occur at low metal concentrations suggest that nickel and other metals which cause cellular transformation have a very selective and specific effect upon DNA. PMID- 7116560 TI - Detection of N2,3-ethanoguanine in DNA after treatment with chloroacetaldehyde in vitro. AB - The reaction of chloroacetaldehyde, a reactive metabolic of the carcinogen vinyl chloride, with DNA produces in addition to the hitherto known adducts, 1,N6 ethenoadenine and 3,N4-ethenocytosine, an ethenoguanine adduct, namely N2,3 ethenoguanine. This adduct is formed in the reaction of chloroacetaldehyde with the free base as well. After DNA hydrolysis followed by isolation of this new adduct by h.p.l.c., its mass spectrum and fluorescence spectrum are identical with those published in the literature for the chemically synthesized N2,3 ethenoguanine. The formation of only this guanine derivative out of several theoretically possible reaction products allows the formulation of a reaction scheme. The absence of 7-(2-oxoethyl)-guanine, another recently detected DNa adduct of vinyl chloride, in chloroacetaldehyde-treated DNA suggests its origin from the other reactive metabolic of vinyl chloride, chloroethylene oxide. The potential of N2,3-ethenoguanine to lead to misincorporation of deoxythymidine monophosphate opposite of guanine and the high fluorescence of this adduct provide it with potentially high biological significance and ease of analytical monitoring. PMID- 7116562 TI - Carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of some alkoxy cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-ones; effect of obstructing the bay region. AB - Six 11-O-alkoxy derivatives of the phenol 15,16-dihydro-11 hydroxycyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one were prepared and tested for their ability to initiate skin tumours on mouse skin after topical application, followed by promotion with croton oil. The 11-methoxy derivative was the most active, but was less so than the strong carcinogen 15,16-dihydro-11-methyl cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one (Ib). The 11-ethoxy derivative was somewhat less active as a tumour initiator than the 11-methoxy compound, and the 11-n-propoxy and 11-n-pentoxy derivatives were inactive. The 11-iso-propoxy and, surprisingly, the 11-n-butoxy compound possessed weak initiating activity. The phenol, which is too insoluble inorganic solvents to be tested in this way, proved to be about half as active as a skin tumour initiator compared with the 11-methyl derivative (Ib) when these compounds were injected s.c. in oil, and this was followed by topical promotion of dorsal skin remote from the site of injection. 15,16-Dihydro 15-methoxy-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one essentially lacked tumour initiating activity on mouse skin, but its 11-methyl homologue was moderately active. The carcinogenicity of the 11-alkoxy compounds was in general paralleled by their mutagenicity to Salmonella typhimurium TA100 in the Ames' test, with the exception of the 11-phenol which was not a mutagen under these conditions (plate assay). PMID- 7116561 TI - Effect of phorbol esters on guniea pig skin in vivo. AB - When topically applied to guniea pig ear skin the tumor promoting phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induced inflammation and epidermal hyperproliferation which could be inhibited by indomethacin. This inhibition could be reversed both by prostaglandins E and F. Five minutes after TPA treatment an increase in the level of prostaglandin E but not of prostaglandin F was observed in the epidermis. The non-promoting phorbol ester 4-O-methyl-TPA also stimulated epidermal cell proliferation but this stimulation was not inhibited by indomethacin. The above results are in agreement with those already reported in the mouse system with these two compounds. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity has been evaluated in the epidermis of guniea pig ear after topical application of 20 nmol of TPA. No increase was noted. This is in contrast with the well documented activation of ODC in mouse skin treated with TPA. Since TPA acts as a promoter in the mouse whereas both croton oil and TPA have no promoting action in the guinea pig, the above result supports the view that ODC activationis related to promotion, and provides a possible explanation for the resistance of this animal species to promotion. This resistance is further documented by the fact that no "dark cells" were found in guinea pig ear skin. PMID- 7116563 TI - Occupational and in vitro exposure to styrene assessed by unscheduled DNA synthesis in resting human lymphocytes. AB - Lymphocytes from 38 individuals occupationally exposed to styrene concentrations in workroom air of 1 p.p.m. t0 40 p.p.m. were examined for any genotoxic effects using unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) as the indicator of DNA damage. The mean level of N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (NA-AAF) induced UDS was significantly increases (p less than 0.001) for the styrene exposed group when compared to the mean level for the unexposed controls. There was no significant effect on u.v. induced UDS from the in vivo styrene exposure. Lymphocyte cultures exposed in in vitro to styrene concentrations up to 100 micro M have confirmed the UDS data collected on individuals occupationally exposed to styrene. In addition, the in vitro study has also shown that the increased NA-AAF induced UDS resulting from styrene exposure was paralleled by a similar increase in NA-AAF binding to DNA. Taken together these results indicate that styrene exposure does not inhibit DNA repair synthesis, but rather it predisposes lymphocytes to an increased risk for DNA damage induction from subsequent genotoxic exposures. PMID- 7116564 TI - Inhibition by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate of 17 beta-estradiol-induced initiation of DNA synthesis in rabbit endometrial cells in culture. AB - The initial effects of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and 17 beta estradiol on initiation of DNA synthesis by primary cultures of estrogen responsive rabbit uterine epithelial cells were determined by autoradiography after a [3H]thymidine pulse. In contrast to the stimulatory response produced by estradiol, TPA (1.6 x 10(-7) M) reduced the fraction of cells synthesizing DNA for up to 48 h. Cells synthesizing DNA at the time TPA was added were found to be less sensitive to its inhibitory effect, suggesting that TPA blocked the cells from entering the S phase of the cell cycle. The cells were unresponsive to estradiol during the TPA-induced inhibitory period, although TPA did not interfere with the binding of [3H]estradiol to the hormonal whole-cell receptors. The results indicted that TPA acted to reduce the fraction of cells initiating DNa synthesis by a mechanism that appears to be independent of estrogen involvement. PMID- 7116565 TI - Liver tumours after single dose dimethylnitrosamine, low and high protein diet, and phenobarbitone. PMID- 7116566 TI - 2-Acetylaminofluorene induces forms of cytochrome P-450 active in its own metabolism. AB - The effect of short-term treatment of rats with 2-acetylaminofluorene on the metabolism of this same compound by liver microsomes has been investigated. This treatment was found to increase the formation of 7-, 9-, and N-hydroxy-2 acetylaminofluorene 3-4 fold. The largest effect was seen in the formation of 5- and 3-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene, which increased 105- and 27.3-fold, respectively. There was no significant increase in the formation of 1-hydroxy-2 acetylaminofluorene. PMID- 7116567 TI - Induction of pancreatic DNA damage and nodules in rats treated with N nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine and N-nitroso(2-hydroxypropyl)(2-oxopropyl)amine. PMID- 7116568 TI - Reevaluation of a DNA binding activity with specificity for chemically modified DNA. AB - A DNA binding activity which appeared in direct filter binding assays to show specificity for DNA modified by N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF), N-methyl-N nitrosourea and methylmethanesulfonate (Moranelli and Lieberman, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77, 3201, 1980) has been further purified and characterized. Equilibrium competition binding experiments indicate this activity shows little, or no, preferential binding of AAF-modified DNA compared to single-stranded DNA and only a small preference compared to u.v.-irradiated DNA or double-stranded DNA. These findings demonstrate the difficulty of using direct filter binding assays when purifying proteins with a desired biological function and the need to perform competition assays when evaluating specificity. PMID- 7116569 TI - Effect of hepatocarcinogens on epoxide hydrolase and other xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. AB - Hepatocarcinogens cause marked biochemical changes in the liver at short intervals after administration. The studies described were designed to investigate the effects of hepatocarcinogens and hepatotoxicants on the microsomal mixed function oxidase system. DT-diaphorase and epoxide hydrolase. Following 5 day p.o. treatment of male F-344 rats with aflatoxin B1 (AFB), 2 acetylaminofluorene (AAF), technical grade dinitrotoluene (DNT), or 2,4 diaminotoluene, microsomal cytochrome P450 dependent enzyme activities were depressed while epoxide hydrolase activity was markedly elevated (3-8 times control). Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) given at 5 mg/kg/day and DL-ethionine at 1000 mg/kg/day failed to increase epoxide hydrolase. 3-Methylcholanthrene, methylnitrosourea, carbon tetrachloride, bromobenzene and vinyl chloride all failed to increase epoxide hydrolase activity. Using 3 daily i.p. injections, dose-response relationships for increases in epoxide hydrolase were generated for the hepatocarcinogens. With the exception of p-dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB) and DEN, the carcinogens studied produced log-linear dose response curves for increase in epoxide hydrolase. Both DEN and DAB caused increases in epoxide hydrolase but classical sigmoidal dose-response curves were not obtained. The order of potency for increasing epoxide hydrolase was AFB greater than AAF greater than 2,6-dinitrotoluene greater than 3'-methyl-N,N-dimethyl-4 aminoazobenzene greater than DNT greater than 2, 4-dinitrotoluene. The slopes of the linear portions of the log dose-response curves were not statistically different from the slope of the dose-response curve obtained with AAF suggesting that structurally diverse carcinogens elicit increases in epoxide hydrolase by a common mechanism. PMID- 7116570 TI - The activity of 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylate in animal tissues in relation to carcinogenesis. AB - 3-Methyladenine is one of the major products formed by reaction of a large number of environmental methylating agents with DNA in vivo and in vitro. In spite of the rapid spontaneous depurination of this base an enzyme, 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase, has been shown to catalyse its excision. The relevance of this enzyme in carcinogenesis induced by alkylating agents was studied. Acute or chronic treatment of rats with diethylnitrosamine or with N-acetylaminofluorene caused a slight increase in glycosylase activity in liver. Experiments with liver regenerating after partial hepatectomy showed a similar increase to occur at the time of DNA replication. It could be that the increase found after treatment with carcinogens was related to the accompanying increase in cell replication, rather than being the result of a specific induction by the carcinogen. Glycosylase activity was found to be higher in the liver of the rabbit and cat than in rat or hamster liver. Organ differences (liver, kidney and brain of the rabbit) were smaller than the species differences found for enzyme activity in liver. PMID- 7116571 TI - Tumor promoting phorbol-ester derivatives increase ornithine decarboxylase activity and polyamine biosynthesis in the liver of the rat and mouse. AB - The ability of the phorbol-ester tumor promoters to alter ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in the liver of the rat and mouse was determined. The injection of 12-O-tetra-decanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA, 100 microgram, i.p.) led to a 250 fold increase in hepatic ODC activity within 4 h of administration. This increase in ODC activity required both RNA and protein synthesis and did not occur when a variety of the non-tumor promoting phorbol-ester derivatives were administered to the rat. A distinct dose-dependent increase in hepatic ODC activity could be observed at 4 h following the injection of increasing amounts of TPA (0-100 microgram, i.p.). As little as 1.0 microgram TPA (i.p.) administered to a rat resulted in a significant stimulation in the activity of ODC in the liver compared to the control unstimulated values. Both 200 micrograms and 500 micrograms TPA produced less of an elevation in hepatic ODC activity than did the optimal dose of 100 micrograms. In the mouse, the administration of 1 microgram and 20 micrograms of TPA (i.p.) both led to a marked increase in hepatic ODC activity at 7 h and 4 h, respectively, following injection. A 4-5-fold increase in putrescine levels occurred in the rat liver in a biphasic manner between 4-8 h and 16-24 h following the injection of TPA (100 micrograms). No alterations in either spermidine or spermine were observed during this period. The administration of 100 micrograms of TPA to the rat did not alter the incorporated control animals. Under these identical conditions partial hepatectomy led to a large increase in DNA synthesis. PMID- 7116572 TI - Cell-mediated mutagenesis and tumor-initiating activity of the ubiquitous polycyclic hydrocarbon, cyclopenta[c,d]pyrene. AB - The ubiquitous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), cyclopenta[c,d]pyrene (CPP), was tested to determine its mutagenicity for 6-thioguanine and ouabain resistance in Chinese hamster V79 cells and its tumor-initiating activity in the skin of the tumor susceptible Sencar mice. The potent carcinogen/mutagen, benzo[a]pyrene (BP), was included for comparison. Inasmuch as V79 cells do not metabolize PAHs, mutagenesis was tested both in the presence and in the absence of X-irradiated golden hamster embryo fibroblasts capable of metabolizing PAH. Neither CPP nor BP showed mutagenicity for V79 cells in the absence of the embryo cells. In the presence of these cells (in the cell-mediated assay) both PAHs elicited, in a dose dependent manner, a cytotoxic and mutagenic response in V79 cells. CPP was however less active than BP in inducing both of these responses. At the optimal expression time and at the dose range of 0.1-1 microgram/ml, CPP induced 2-8 6-thioguanine resistant mutants per 10(5) colony forming cells compared to 9-50 mutants induced by BP. Similarly, these doses of CPP induced 1-9 ouabain resistant mutants per 10(6) colony forming cells compared to 7-75 mutants induced by BP. CPP was also active in initiating skin tumors in approximately 60% of the mice at 200 micrograms, the highest dose tested. BP was more efficient in tumor initiation and yielded a similar response with 10 micrograms. These results indicate that CPP and BP elicit, in the cell mediated assay, a mutagenic response similar to the activity of these PAH in the skin of Sencar mice. PMID- 7116573 TI - Fluoro-substituted N-nitrosamines. 3. Microsomal metabolism of N nitrosodibutylamine and of fluorinated analogs. AB - In vitro metabolism of N-nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA) and of three fluorinated analogs, N-nitroso-4,4,4-trifluorobutyl-butylamine (NDBA-F3), N-nitroso-bis(4,4,4 trifluorobutyl)-amine (NDBA-F6) AND N-nitroso-bis(2,2,3,3,4,4,4 hepafluorobutyl)amine (NDBA-F14) was investigated with rat liver microsomes. To elucidate differences in metabolism caused by fluorination, aldehydes, nitrite and unchanged nitrosamines were determined. NDBA, NDBA--F3 and NDBA-F6 were dealkylated and to a smaller extent also denitrosated. Dealkylation at the fluorinated butyl groups was reduced in comparison to the unfluorinated butyl groups. NDBA-F14 was practically unmetabolized by microsomal enzymes in vitro. PMID- 7116575 TI - Formation of a new population of DNA replication intermediates in X-irradiated human melanoma cells. AB - DNA synthesis was investigated in human melanoma cells irradiated with X-rays. The cells were lysed in dilute alkali which results in the release from the parental DNA of replication intermediates; these are then analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. In cells irradiated with 10 Gy we can detect the formation of a new heterogeneous population of DNA replication intermediates with a size greater than 10 kb. We can also demonstrate the presence of other DNA replication intermediates which were earlier described in control cells. The results imply that in melanoma cells changes may occur in th replication in order to comply with alterations in the DNA induced by X-rays. PMID- 7116576 TI - Effects of naloxone and morphine in hemorrhagic shock. AB - The effects of naloxone hydrochloride and morphine sulfate on survival were examined in LD40 hemorrhagic shock in rats. Bolus IV injection of naloxone (1.6 mg/kg) following hemorrhage significantly (p less than 0.025) increased the 24 hour survival rate (14/15, 93%), compared to that in saline-treated animals (13/22, 59%). Supraphysiologic doses of IV morphine sulfate did not adversely influence survival (12/15, 80% at 0.5 mg/kg; 8/15, 53% at 0.1, 0.05, and 0.01 mg/kg). Morphine decreased heart rate during shock in a dose-dependent fashion, but did not affect the blood pressure. Compared to responses in the other groups, naloxone had no effect on blood pressure or heart rate in shock animals during the monitoring interval. These results suggest that: 1) endogenous opioid substances, most likely at much lower blood concentrations than those used in the present experiment, may not be important deleterious factors during shock; and 2) enhancement of survival by naloxone in hemorrhagic shock is probably due to effects other than antiopiate activity. PMID- 7116574 TI - Effect of diethylstilbestrol on the transformable mouse embryo fibroblast C3H/10T1/2C18 cells. Tumor promotion, cell growth, DNA synthesis, and ornithine decarboxylase. AB - Transformable mouse embryo fibroblasts, C3H/10T1/2C18, have been used to study the carcinogenic effect of diethylstilbestrol (DES) in vitro. DES did not show any carcinogenic potential under standard assay conditions. Continuous treatment of the target cells for 5 weeks with 5 micro M DES resulted in 1 transformed focus from 32 dishes. However, DES was active as a co-carcinogen in the two-stage transformation assay at concentrations as low as 50 nM. Under identical conditions, 0.17 micro M 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate produced approximately twice as many transformed foci. DES was not toxic to the C3H/10T1/2C18 cells over a range of 0.05 to 5 micro M, and total DNA synthesis was not significantly altered up to 5 micro M DES. 1 micro M DES did not influence the doubling time of the C3H/10T1/2C18 cells. DES did not induce ornithine decarboxylase enzyme activity in this test system. PMID- 7116577 TI - Effect of thermal injury on energy metabolism, substrate kinetics, and hormonal concentrations. AB - We have used a chronic dog model to study the kinetic aspects of the metabolic response to thermal injury. In order to interpret the kinetic data in the context of the overall response to injury, we also determined certain cardiovascular parameters as well as selected hormonal concentrations. We used a paired study design: each animal was studied twice before injury and then at 5 and 7 days following injury. The burn was induced while the animals were deeply anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (30-35 mg/kg) but all studies were done in awake, unrestrained dogs using tracer methodology and both radiolabeled and stable isotopes. The burn induced a hyperdynamic state, with significant elevations in cardiac output, heart rate, and metabolic rate. The free fatty acid (FFA), glycerol and glucose flux rates were all elevated, as was the rate of production of urea. The increase in resting metabolic rate was due to comparable increases in the rates of oxidation of carbohydrate, fat, and protein. We found the responses of this canine burn model to closely resemble the human response to injury, and thus this model will be useful as a tool to elucidate some of the mechanisms responsible for the response to injury. PMID- 7116578 TI - Influence of autoregulation and capacitance on diastolic coronary artery pressure flow relationships in the dog. PMID- 7116580 TI - Changes in interstitial volume and masses of albumin and IgG in rabbit skin and skeletal muscle after saline volume loading. PMID- 7116581 TI - Electrophysiology of the normal-to-hypoxic transition zone. AB - The "normal-to-hypoxic" transition zone was modeled after the chamber technique for perpendicular and parallel orientation with respect to the direction of fiber axis. The evidence obtained from the recording of the transmembrane action potentials suggests the presence of a preservation phenomenon in the hypoxic area, based on the utilization of energy stores of the normoxic area. Better intercellular coupling in longitudinal than in transverse fiber direction results in the anisotropic properties of the preservation phenomenon. The preservation phenomenon provides a basis for the existence of critical size of the viable hypoxic area compared to the size of the transitional zone. The crucial role of electrotonic coupling was demonstrated, as well as the possible contribution to the preservation phenomenon mechanism of the cell-to-cell diffusion of metabolites. PMID- 7116582 TI - Potential fields generated by oblique dipole layers modeling excitation wavefronts in the anisotropic myocardium. Comparison with potential fields elicited by paced dog hearts in a volume conductor. AB - The potential distribution in a homogeneous, cylindrical volume conductor surrounding an isolated paced dog heart was first measured and then calculated by using a mathematical model that stimulates an anisotropic excitation wavefront spreading through the heart muscle. The study was performed with a view to establish to what extent the anisotropy of cardiac generators affects the potential field in the extra-cardiac conducting media at a great distance from the heart. The model considers an oblique dipole layer on the wavefront which, assuming axial symmetry of the electrical properties of the fibers, can be viewed as the superposition of an axial and transverse dipole layer. These layers are, respectively, parallel and perpendicular to the local fiber due to such an oblique distribution is also equivalent to the sum of the potentials generated, respectively, by a normal and an axial dipole layer. In this form, the model generalizes the classical, uniform double layer model, upon which the solid angle theory is based, by adding to it an axial component. The features of the measured potential fields, which could not be interpreted on the basis of the solid angle theory, were satisfactorily reproduced by the model, at least on a qualitative basis. The results clearly showed the dominant role played by the axial component of the potential field even at a considerable distance from the heart. PMID- 7116579 TI - Alterations in vascular smooth muscle mass in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Role of cellular hypertrophy, hyperploidy, and hyperplasia. AB - In a previous brief report we demonstrated that differences in aortic smooth muscle mass between spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto rats were due to smooth muscle cell hypertrophy, without hyperplasia. Smooth muscle cell hypertrophy, however, was accompanied by an increase in the frequency of polyploid cells. This study reports (1) the relationship between changes in smooth muscle cell mass and DNA ploidy, (2) the proportion of the increase in mass of smooth muscle in spontaneously hypertensive rats that can be accounted for by polyploid cells, and (3) the time-course of changes in ploidy during the development of hypertension. Flow microfluorimetric and Feulgen-DNA microspectrophotometric measurements demonstrated that the frequency of polyploid smooth muscle cells was 2-3 times greater in spontaneously hypertensive rats than in Wistar-Kyoto rats at 3 months of age and older. The frequency of polyploid cells increased with age and level of blood pressure. No differences in the frequency of polyploid cells were apparent between prehypertensive 1-month spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto rats. By cytospectrophotometric analysis, spontaneously hypertensive rat diploid, tetraploid, and octaploid smooth muscle cells had 36%, 136%, and 377%, respectively, the protein content of Wistar-Kyoto rat diploid cells. The increase in mean cellular protein (53% by cystospectrophotometry) in spontaneously hypertensive rats could account for the total increase (56%) in aortic smooth muscle mass, measured by morphometry. Thus, smooth muscle cell hypertrophy alone can account for the increased mass of smooth muscle in spontaneously hypertensive rat aortas, while the majority of change in smooth muscle mass is due to the increased frequency and mass of polyploid cells. PMID- 7116584 TI - Effects of lateral reticular nucleus lesions on the exercise pressor reflex in cats. PMID- 7116585 TI - A postscript to Circulation of the blood: men and ideas. AB - Since 1964, when Fishman and Richards published Circulation of the Blood: Men and Ideas, Guyton's model of the circulation, in which mean circulatory pressure serves as the upstream pressure for venous return, has been extended, and the concept of vascular smooth muscle tone acting like the pressure surrounding a Starling resistor has been postulated. According to this scheme, the positive zero flow intercepts of rapidly determined arterial pressure-flow curves are the effective downstream pressures for arterial flow to different tissues. The arterioles, like Starling resistors, determine the downstream pressures and are followed by abrupt pressure drops, or "waterfalls." Capillary pressures are closely linked to those of the venules into which they flow. Capillary-venular pressures are the upstream pressures for venous return. In exercising muscles, reduced arteriolar tone lowers arteriolar pressure and increases arterial flow. This, in turn, raises capillary-venular pressure and increases venous flow. The arteriolar-capillary waterfall is decreased or eliminated. Total blood flow is increased by diversion of blood from tissues with slow venous drainage to muscles with fast venous drainage (low resistance X compliance). The heart pumps away the increased venous return by shifting to a new ventricular function curve. PMID- 7116583 TI - Active modulation of electrical coupling between cardiac cells of the dog. A mechanism for transient and steady state variations in conduction velocity. AB - Propagation velocities of action potentials were measured simultaneously along the longitudinal and transverse axes of cardiac fibers in ventricular muscle. The anisotropic distribution of propagation velocities was found to be altered transiently and in the steady state by the rate and pattern of stimulation and by ouabain. The relative amount of velocity change varied with the direction of propagation and was greatest in the direction perpendicular to the long fiber axis. None of the variables usually associated with the membrane ionic mechanism of depolarization--resting potential, Vmax, and taufoot--showed enough variation to account for the observed changes in velocity. A simplified anisotropic propagation model representing the internal current pathway as an alternating sequence of cytoplasmic and junctional resistance is presented, taking into account the larger contribution to the internal resistance made by the cell couplings in the transverse direction than in the longitudinal direction. On the basis of this model, it was concluded that the observed changes in velocity were due to changes in cell coupling. Both transient and steady state velocity changes were found to correspond to changes in the action potential duration, suggesting that there is a common factor, such as the internal calcium and/or sodium concentrations, linking the control of the action potential duration and the coupling resistance between cardiac cells. PMID- 7116586 TI - Failure of thromboxane A2 blockade to prevent attacks of vasospastic angina. AB - Thromboxane A2 (TxA2), released by aggregating platelets, has been proposed as a potential mediator of coronary vasospasm. We studied six patients with variant angina, a clinical syndrome due to coronary vasospasm, and one patient with frequent recurrent episodes of transient ST-segment depression at rest in whom the spasm was demonstrated angiographically. All patients underwent continuous ECG monitoring for 2 days before and 2 days after a single, low, i.v. dose of aspirin (2 mg/kg), which reduced TxB2 (the stable metabolite of TxA2) to less than 3% of the control values. There were 129 transient ischemic episodes during control and 146 after aspirin, when platelet TxB2 was reduced to negligible levels. The duration, severity and incidence of symptomatic episodes were not significantly affected by TxA2 blockade. We conclude that platelet TxA2 is probably not responsible for the initiation of coronary vasospasm. PMID- 7116587 TI - Pathophysiology of coronary artery spasm. AB - Coronary arterial measurements were made from cineangiograms in patients with positive and negative ergonovine tests. In those with positive tests, normal segments of arteries adjacent to the site of spasm and arteries without spasm showed no greater sensitivity to ergonovine than arteries from control patients (20 +/- 13% constriction vs 17 +/- 12%, NS). In patients with positive and negative ergonovine tests, constriction was measured at lesion sites after ergonovine and compared with values predicted from a geometric theory. The measured constriction was always greater than predicted in patients with a positive ergonovine test, and frequently less than predicted in patients with a negative test. The increased sensitivity of arteries that show localized vasospasm at lesion sites after ergonovine administration is not explained by geometry alone. PMID- 7116588 TI - The additive antianginal action of oral nifedipine in patients receiving propranolol: magnitude and duration of effect. AB - Ten men with stable angina not completely relieved by full doses of propranolol (mean 218 mg/day) were administered an oral dose of 10 mg of nifedipine or placebo on alternate mornings in a double-blind fashion. Patients had been trained in a protocol that precipitated angina after 3-6 minutes of bicycle exercise. On test days, with propranolol continued, bicycle exercise to angina or fatigue was performed before nifedipine or placebo administration, and hourly thereafter for 8 hours. Mean exercise duration was greater 1 hour after nifedipine than after placebo by 123 seconds (372 +/- 21 vs 249 +/- 16 seconds, p less than 0.001). By the fifth hour, the increase in exercise time was reduced to 93 seconds (p less than 0.001), and a significant, though further diminished, difference of 57 seconds was still present at 8 hours (p less than 0.01). Nifedipine lowered resting systolic blood pressure by 20 mm Hg (p less than 0.001) without appreciably changing heart rate. We conclude that nifedipine is a very effective and reasonably long-acting antianginal supplement to propranolol. PMID- 7116589 TI - Changes in cholesterol and triglyceride as predictors of ischemic heart disease in men. AB - We examined the relation of longitudinal changes in cholesterol and triglyceride to the subsequent development of heart disease. The data were from 1437 participants of the Normative Aging Study, a prospective study of men from the Boston area who were free of ischemic heart disease on two examinations approximately 5 years apart. Forty-four had symptoms or ECG findings of ischemic heart disease after their second but before their third examination, a period of 3-5 years. The risk of heart disease was studied using a multiple logistic risk model that took into account smoking and other risk factors. Changes in cholesterol and triglyceride levels between Exams 1 and 2, when corrected for regression to the mean, were better predictors of heart disease incurred between Exams 2 and 3 than initial levels of cholesterol, triglyceride or systolic blood pressure. When two age groups (28-52 years and 53-85 years) were considered, changes were important predictors in each age group. These findings suggest the importance of monitoring lipid changes over time. PMID- 7116590 TI - Precordial ST-segment depression during acute inferior myocardial infarction: clinical, scintigraphic and angiographic correlations. AB - The cause and associated pathophysiology of precordial ST-segment depression (ST decreases) during acute inferior myocardial infarction (IMI) are controversial. To investigate this problem, electrocardiographic findings in 48 consecutive patients with acute IMI were prospectively compared with results of coronary angiography, submaximal exercise thallium-201 (201TI) scintigraphy and multigated blood pool imaging, all obtained 2 weeks after IMI, and with clinical follow-up at 3 months. Patients were classified according to the admission ECG obtained 3.3 +/- 3.1 hours after the onset of chest pain. Twenty-one patients (group A) had no or less than 1.0 mm ST decreases, and 27 (group B) had greater than or equal to 1.0 mm ST decreases in two or more precordial (V1-6) leads. Patients in group B had more prolonged chest pain after admission to the coronary care unit than those in group A (2.8 +/- 3.0 vs 1.2 +/- 1.1 hours, p less than 0.03), greater summed ST-segment elevation in leads II, III, aVF (6.7 +/- 4.7 vs 3.3 +/- 4.5 mm, p less than 0.02), higher plasma peak creatine kinase levels (1133 +/- 781 vs 653 +/- 482 IU/l, p less than 0.01), a higher prevalence of "true posterior" infarction by ECG criteria (26% vs 5%, p less than 0.05), a lower radionuclide ejection fraction (46 +/- 9% vs 54 +/- 6%, p less than 0.001), more extensive infarct-related asynergy (p less than 0.001) and 201TI perfusion abnormalities (p less than 0.01), more complications during hospitalization (p less than 0.03), and more cardiac events at 3 months (p less than 0.02). There were no significant differences between group A and group B in the extent of underlying coronary disease, prevalence of left anterior descending coronary artery disease, exercise induced ST decreases or angina, and 201TI defects or wall motion abnormalities in anterior or septal segments. Thus, patients with acute IMI who have associated precordial ST decreases have greater global and regional left ventricular dysfunction due to more extensive inferior or inferoposterior wall infarction, rather than concomitant anteroseptal ischemic injury. PMID- 7116591 TI - Effect of infarct location on the in-hospital prognosis of patients with first transmural myocardial infarction. AB - We studied the in-hospital prognosis of 1105 patients who had their first transmural myocardial infarction; 611 patients (55.3%) had anterior myocardial infarction (AMI) and 494 (44.7%) had inferior myocardial infarction (IMI). Patients with IMI had a significantly lower in-hospital mortality rate (9.1% vs 15.6%, p = 0.0014) and significantly lower prevalences of congestive heart failure (39.4% vs 47.6%, p = 0.0066), cardiogenic shock ( 8.7% vs 12.6%, p = 0.0384) and conduction defects (left anterior hemiblock, right bundle branch block and intraventricular conduction defect). The patients with AMI had significantly higher peak enzyme levels, and a greater percentage of them (40.1% vs 25.9%) had SGOT greater than 240 IU/l, whereas more patients with IMI (34.6% vs 27.8%) had SGOT less than 120 IU/l (p = 0.0001). When the parallel subgroups were compared according to the peak SGOT levels (less than 120, 120-240, and greater than 240 IU/l, the differences in the mortality and morbidity between the two infarct locations diminished. However, patients with AMI still had a less favorable outcome. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that both the peak enzyme level and the infarct location had an independent influence on the in hospital prognosis of patients with first transmural infarction. PMID- 7116592 TI - Spontaneous changes in left ventricular function over the first 24 hours of acute myocardial infarction: implications for evaluating early therapeutic interventions. AB - The spontaneous changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) during the first 24 hours of a first transmural infarction were assessed in 34 patients by serial gated cardiac blood pool imaging. Major therapeutic interventions with a view to limit infarct size were not used. Four determinations of LVEF were performed. Study 1 was performed as soon as possible after admission to the hospital. Studies 2 and 3 were performed 2 and 4 hours, respectively, after study 1. Twenty-four patients (70%) had study 1 within 6 hours after the onset of acute chest pain and 10 had it 6-12 hours after the onset of chest pain. Study 4 was performed 24 hours after the onset of chest pain. Compared with study 1, 19 of 34 patients (56%) had spontaneous changes in LVEF in at least one of the subsequent studies, exceeding the expected variability in stable patients. The changes ranged from a 32% increase to 14% absolute decrease. LVEF improved in 11 patients and deteriorated in eight. These spontaneous changes in left ventricular performance indicate that a single assessment of LVEF during the early hours of transmural myocardial infarction may not properly characterize cardiac performance in an individual patient and may not be the most appropriate reference against which to compare subsequent evolution of left ventricular function. These data may have implications for studies of the effects of early therapeutic interventions on LVEF. PMID- 7116593 TI - Regional stasis of blood in the dysfunctional left ventricle: echocardiographic detection and differentiation from early thrombosis. PMID- 7116594 TI - Enhanced detection of the evolution of tissue changes after acute myocardial infarction using color-encoded two-dimensional echocardiography. AB - Acute myocardial infarction was produced in 26 dogs by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Two-dimensional echocardiograms (2-D echoes) were performed through the chest wall before and serially after coronary ligation. The dogs were then killed in four groups at the following intervals: 24 48 hours, 1-2 weeks, 3 weeks and 6-8 weeks. Each 2-D echo was processed through a video quantizer, which encoded echo amplitudes progressively into eight regions of color. The myocardium was graded with respect to color composition in regions that showed any abnormally contracting segment (ACS). The ACS exhibited a progressive increase in echo intensity that became maximal 6-8 weeks after coronary ligation. Histopathologic and histochemical studies verified that these increases in echo amplitude correlated with the evolution of healing and myocardial scar formation. At 6-8 weeks, the mean collagen content of infarcted myocardium had increased by a factor of 4; concurrently, ACS echo amplitude had increased two- to threefold. These observations suggest that color-encoded 2-D echo promotes facile perception of serial changes in tissue characteristics that result from acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7116595 TI - Evaluation of tricuspid regurgitation by pulsed Doppler and two-dimensional echocardiography. AB - We analyzed tricuspid regurgitation noninvasively using ultrasonic pulsed Doppler and two-dimensional echocardiography in 66 patients in whom tricuspid regurgitation was suspected from routine clinical evaluation. All of the patients also underwent right ventriculography. Ten healthy subjects served as controls. In 62 of 66 patients, the study was adequately performed. In 58 of 62 patients, pansystolic abnormal Doppler signals were detected in the right atrial cavity, and were interpreted to indicate tricuspid regurgitant flow. Two-dimensional echocardiograms in the parasternal four-chamber view demonstrated that the region in which the abnormal Doppler signals were detected was spindle-shaped and extended from the tricuspid orifice toward the right atrial posterior wall parallel to the interatrial septum. The severity of regurgitation was graded on a four-point scale, based on the distance reached by the abnormal signals from the tricuspid orifice toward the posterior wall. For comparison, the right ventriculograms were evaluated on a four-point scale similar to the Sellers classification of mitral regurgitation. The grades by the two methods matched exactly in 36 cases, differed by one level in 23 and by two levels in three. Thus, the two methods showed a good correspondence. Similar results were obtained for the grading based on the area covered by the abnormal signals. We conclude that noninvasive grading of tricuspid regurgitation by ultrasonic pulsed Doppler and two-dimensional echocardiography is practicable. PMID- 7116596 TI - Assessment of transesophageal pulsed Doppler echocardiography in the detection of mitral regurgitation. AB - The value of transesophageal pulsed Doppler echocardiography (PDE) was studied in six patients with competent mitral valve and in 12 patients with angiographically proved mild to moderately severe mitral regurgitation. The results were compared with those from the standard transthoracic method of investigation. The advantages of the esophageal over the transthoracic approach in the detection of mitral regurgitation are (1) absence of anatomic obstacles between the ultrasound transducer and the heart; (2) nearly parallel alignment of the ultrasound beam with the blood flow direction; (3) the use of high pulse repetition frequencies; and (4) detection of localized regurgitant jets by left atrial scanning. This results in a superior recording quality and greater sensitivity. Based on a specific systolic flow pattern in the time-interval histogram, mitral regurgitation was detected in all patients by the transesophageal technique (100% sensitivity), but in only 58% by the precordial approach. Thus, transesophageal pulsed Doppler echocardiography can accurately detect the presence of mitral regurgitation, particularly in cases of mild or moderate severity. PMID- 7116597 TI - Radionuclide ventriculography for assessment of absolute right and left ventricular volumes in children. AB - We determined absolute right and left ventricular volumes and cardiac output from the equilibrium radionuclide angiogram in 26 children, ages 3 months to 18 years, with diverse types of heart disease. We validated these results by comparing them with left ventricular (20 patients) and right ventricular (16 patients) cineangiographic volumes and cardiac output. Radionuclide volumes and cardiac outputs were determined in two ways: by a geometric method (area-length for left ventricle, Simpson's rule for right ventricle) and by a count-based method (correcting ventricular regional counts for frame duration, acquisition time, venous blood counts and attenuation). Both methods for estimating left ventricular end-diastolic volume compared favorably with cineangiography (correlation coefficients greater than 0.90). The count-based method also correlated well for the right ventricle. End-systolic measurements were not possible. Count-based assessment of cardiac output also correlated well with cineangiographic values. We conclude that right and left ventricular volumes and cardiac output can be reliably measured in children with equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography. PMID- 7116598 TI - Hemodynamic differences between supine and upright exercise in patients with congestive heart failure. AB - Although the differences in hemodynamic responses to supine and upright exercise have been studied in normal subjects and in patients with angina pectoris, no such comparison has been made in patients with congestive heart failure. Many investigators measure exercise hemodynamics in heart failure patients to assess the effect of vasodilator and inotropic drugs. Both modes of exercise have been used and have often yielded differing results. We compared the hemodynamic response to supine and upright exercise in 14 patients with stable, New York Heart Association class III chronic heart failure. During upright exercise, peak heart rate was higher (124 +/- 15 vs 115 +/- 18 beats/min, p less than 0.025) and peak mean arterial pressure was lower (102 +/- 15 vs 95 +/- 17 mm Hg, p less than 0.25), yielding similar double products. Although the peak left ventricular filling pressure was slightly lower during upright exercise (40 +/- 7 vs 35 +/- 10 mm Hg, p less than 0.05), the maximum cardiac and stroke indexes were not significantly different (3.6 +/- 0.8 vs 3.4 +/- 0.8 l/min/m2 and 30 +/- 8 vs 30 +/- 6 ml/m2, upright vs supine exercise). In contrast to these relatively similar hemodynamic responses, exercise capacity was significantly greater during upright exercise (peak work load 336 +/- 84 vs 293 +/- 73 kpm/min, p less than 0.1; maximum oxygen consumption 12.1 +/- 2.4 vs 9.8 +/- 1.9 ml/min/kg, p less than 0.001). We conclude that either exercise method may be used to assess the hemodynamic effects of drugs, but that exercise capacity should be measured in the upright position. PMID- 7116599 TI - Myocyte disarray develops in papillary muscles released from normal tension after mitral valve replacement. PMID- 7116601 TI - Cardiac conduction abnormalities in children with Duchenne's progressive muscular dystrophy: electrocardiographic features and morphologic correlates. PMID- 7116600 TI - Intraoperative electrophysiologic mapping of the ventricles during sinus rhythm in patients with a previous myocardial infarction. Identification of the electrophysiologic substrate of ventricular arrhythmias. PMID- 7116602 TI - The sinus node electrogram in patients with and without sick sinus syndrome: techniques and correlation between directly measured and indirectly estimated sinoatrial conduction time. PMID- 7116603 TI - Baroreceptor reflex control of heart rate: a predictor of sudden cardiac death. PMID- 7116604 TI - Evidence of a shared mechanism of vasoconstriction in pulmonary and systemic circulation in hypertension: a possible role of intracellular calcium. AB - We investigated the hemodynamics of the greater and lesser circulation in 35 patients with primary hypertension, as well as the effects of calcium-channel blockade, to test whether a common factor may account for the excessive vascular resistance in the two circuits and whether intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca++]i) may be involved. We proved that (1) elevated pulmonary arteriolar resistance (PAR) is not related to pulmonary blood flow and volume, pleural pressure, arterial oxygen or carbon dioxide tension and pH, left ventricular filling pressure and function; (2) systemic vascular resistance (SVR) significantly correlates with PAR; (3) calcium-channel blockade with nifedipine reduces systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures toward normal and significantly lowers both SVR and PAR; (4) the percent decrease in vascular resistance after nifedipine is related to the baseline level of resistance in both the greater and the lesser circulations. Failure of the mechanisms currently indicated as responsible for pulmonary vasoconstriction to explain convincingly the increased PAR, the correlation between SVR and PAR, as well as the qualitatively similar response to calcium-channel blockade suggest that a common factor produces vasoconstriction in the two circuits. A pathogenetic role of a primary disorder in [Ca++]i cannot be excluded, but remains to be proved. PMID- 7116605 TI - Mechanism of paradoxic pulse in bronchial asthma. AB - To elucidate the mechanism of paradoxic pulse in severe bronchial asthma, we performed hemodynamic studies and measured esophageal pressure in nine patients who had status asthmaticus and clinical paradoxic pulse. Two-dimensional echocardiography allowed simultaneous assessment of cyclic changes in right- and left-heart size throughout the respiratory cycle. Esophageal pressure varied from a markedly negative level during inspiration (-24.4 +/- 6.5 cm H2O) to a positive level during expiration (7.6 +/- 6.0 cm H2O). Competition between right- and left heart chambers for pericardial space during inspiration was suggested by the reduced left ventricular cross-sectional area at end-systole (-24%, p less than 0.01) and end-diastole (-32%, p less than 0.01), the leftward septal shift, and the increased right ventricular internal diameter at end-systole (42%, p less than 0.01) and end-diastole (40%, p less than 0.001). Competition for filling, however, could not entirely account for the paradoxic pulse, for systemic and pulmonary pulse pressures were almost (within one cardiac cycle) in phase: both were minimal at inspiration and maximal at expiration. The increase in impedance to right ventricular ejection is another major factor reducing left ventricular preload at inspiration. This reduction in preload was shown to be the predominant mechanism for the decrease in left ventricular stroke output at inspiration. PMID- 7116607 TI - Exercise and CAD. PMID- 7116606 TI - Huge chronic pericardial effusion caused by Toxoplasma gondii. AB - Two patients who had a huge pericardial effusion of at least 9 and 14 years' duration caused by cardiac toxoplasmosis are reported. Toxoplasma gondii were seen in the pericardial fluid, and serologic evidence also demonstrated the activity of the infection. These cases illustrate both the need to exclude toxoplasmosis in chronic pericardial effusion of unknown cause and the possibility of seeing toxoplasma in the pericardial fluid of patients with active toxoplasmic pericarditis. Moreover, in endemic areas, cardiac toxoplasmosis may not be an exceptional cause of chronic pericardial effusion. PMID- 7116608 TI - CV response to calcium-entry blocking drugs. PMID- 7116609 TI - Evaluation of antianginal drugs. PMID- 7116610 TI - Hospital care for acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7116611 TI - Clinical and immunological surveys in bee keepers. AB - Two hundred and fifty bee keepers in the South of France, working seasonally, were clinically investigated by means of a questionnaire. Forty-three per cent had presented anaphylactic symptoms and 7.0% toxic reactions when stung by bees. The personal atopic history was found to be significantly (P less than 0.01) elevated in bee keepers who experienced anaphylaxis. Total serum IgE and been venom-specific IgE were titrated in 100 subjects. Total serum IgE was significantly elevated in allergic bee keepers (P = 0.02). Although bee venom specific IgE were significantly (P less than 0.01) higher in allergic bee keepers this parameter cannot discriminate between allergic and non-allergic bee keepers owing to a considerable overlap. Bee venom-specific IgG was assayed in seventy subjects. Their level was significantly (P less than 0.001) higher in allergic and non-allergic bee keepers as compared with non-allergic blood donors and non bee-keeping allergic patients. In both bee keeper groups there was no difference in bee venom-specific IgG titres. PMID- 7116612 TI - Bone studies in patients on prolonged systemic corticosteroid therapy for asthma. AB - Cortical thickness of the second metacarpal bone and lumbar spine fractures were determined radiographically in twenty-one caucasian corticosteroid-dependent asthmatics (mean age, 61.2 years; range 47-73 years). The mean number of prednisone years per patient of continuous corticosteroid treatment averages 9.7 (range 5.0-21.5 years), and the mean accumulated dose of prednisone was 46.7 g (range 10.7-160 g). Thirteen of twenty-one (61.9%) patients had cortical thickness between 1 and 2 standard deviations (s.d.) below the age- and sex specific mean for normals, but only four (19%) patients fell below 2 s.d. Although the study indicated decreased cortical thickness in the prednisone treated group, in only one (4.8%) patient were vertebral fractures present, an incidence not unexpected in this group. In serious chronic asthma, concern for bone structure should not prohibit the cautious use of appropriate corticosteroid regimens at the lowest possible maintenance dose. PMID- 7116613 TI - Linear growth of chronic asthmatic children: the effects of the disease and various forms of steroid therapy. AB - The effects of asthma per se and of various oral steroid-treatment schedules on linear growth in 231 children with chronic severe asthma (6.2-16.2 years of age) were evaluated. Asthmatic children who had never received steroids and those who received occasional steroids, had comparable growth retardation, averaging approximately 1 standard deviation (s.d.) below their age- and sex-specific predicted means. Children who had been treated for 2 years or longer with alternate-day or daily steroids also did not differ from each other, with both groups averaging approximately 2 s.d. below their predicted means. Growth stunting, intermediate in severity, was found in children treated with frequent intermittent steroids. For groups with steroid medication-histories of never, occasional, intermittent, alternate-day and daily, the percentage of children with 2 or more s.d. below their predicted heights were 25, 17.4, 28, 50 and 45.5 respectively. The duration and dosage of daily steroid-treatment correlated positively with severity of growth retardation. In addition to norms, the children were also compared with a healthy, same-sex sibling and with predictions from their parents' heights. Regardless of the comparison used, the results were similar. Since genetic and socio-economic factors are controlled by the latter two comparisons, the data indicate that these factors played no role in growth retardation in these children. Growth retardation in asthma appears to be due to the disease itself, and is accelerated by steroid therapy. PMID- 7116614 TI - Childhood bronchial asthma in northern Nigeria. AB - A review of childhood bronchial asthma in Zaria, northern Nigeria is presented. An average of twenty-three cases a year were seen over a 4-year period. Features of the disease include low incidence, late age of onset, family history of asthma in only 16% of cases and absence of eczema, but positive skin tests, as evidence of atopy. The clinical features of the disease are similar to those described in children elsewhere. The apparent conflicting reports on the epidemiology of childhood bronchial asthma in Africa are probably due to the multifactorial nature of the disease: geographical, environmental, racial, as well as factors related to the life-style of the people. PMID- 7116615 TI - Cow's milk allergy and eczema: patterns of the antibody response to cow's milk in allergic skin disease. AB - The pattern of the humoral-immune response to cow's milk was examined in children with eczema and in children who had acute urticarial and/or angioedematous reactions to cow's milk. Each patient group was compared to a group of age matched controls. Whereas the eczematous patients had significantly elevated IgG, IgA and IgE milk-antibodies, patients, allergic to cow's milk, had elevated IgE milk-antibodies. These differences in the pattern of antibody response to cow's milk suggests that these two patient groups constitute separate allergic populations, and that different pathogenic mechanisms may be operative in these two skin diseases associated with elevated levels of IgE antibodies to cow's milk. PMID- 7116616 TI - Double-blind comparison between beclomethasone dipropionate as aerosol and as powder in patients with nasal polyposis. AB - Beclomethasone dipropionate as a pressurized aerosol is effective in nasal polyposis, but the efficacy is only moderate. In these partly-blocked noses, it seems possible that the insufflated drug in powder form is better distributed over the mucous membrane than the pressurized aerosol. To test this hypothesis, we treated forty-two patients with nasal polyposis with intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate as a powder and as a pressurized aerosol in a double-dummy, cross over design. There was no difference between the treatments in sixteen patients, while in twelve cases there was a preference for beclomethasone dipropionate as aerosol, and in fourteen, for the powder form. Fourteen found the aerosol most irritating and nineteen, the powder. Thus, in a group of polyp patients there were no significant differences between the two application forms, but possibly there is a need for both aerosol and powder, as there appeared to be differences in the individual responsiveness to the two types of intranasal medication. Blind microscopy of wiped nasal-smears before and after beclomethasone dipropionate treatment showed a reduction of basophilic cells, and counting of sneezes after medication demonstrated a reduction in the number of sneezes. These results suggest that a reduction of epithelial mediator-cells and of irritant receptor sensitivity are of importance for the efficacy of topical steroids in rhinitis. PMID- 7116617 TI - Different role of secretory IgA in the pathogenesis of RAST-positive and RAST negative atopic dermatitis. AB - Secretory-IgA (SIgA) concentrations were determined in whole saliva, unstimulated or stimulated by lemon juice, of thirty-eight children with atopic dermatitis, which comprised three adolescents, sixteen with IgE detected by RAST to one or more common allergen and twenty-two without specific IgE by RAST. There were thirty healthy controls matched for age and sex. The mean amount of total IgE was significantly greater in the RAST-positive than in the RAST-negative group. The mean SIgA concentration in unstimulated saliva of the RAST-positive atopic dermatitis group was less than that of the RAST-negative atopic dermatitis group and control groups, through the mean concentrations of SIgA of stimulated saliva were not significantly different in the three groups. It is suggested that the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis may differ in children with or without specific IgE antibodies; in those who were RAST-positive deficient exclusion of allergen by the intestinal barrier contributed to the pathogenesis, but not in those who were RAST-negative. PMID- 7116618 TI - Influence of type of feeding on lymphocyte function and development of infantile allergy. AB - Symptom scores indicating infantile allergy were recorded longitudinally in a group of infants during the first year of life. The symptom scores were related to duration of breast-feeding. Lymphocyte function, measured as the proliferative responsiveness to PHA-stimulation, was related to feeding with breast-milk or cow's milk. Babies with a short duration of breast-feeding; i.e. 1 month or less had significantly higher symptom scores at the ages of 1 month (P less than 0.05), 3 months (P less than 0.05), 6 months (P less than 0.001) and 12 months (P less than 0.05), than babies who were breast-fed for more than 1 month. The lymphocyte responsiveness to PHA was significantly higher at 3 and 6 months in babies who were fed cow's milk compared with those who were solely or partially breast-fed (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.01 respectively). There was no correlation between symptom scores and lymphocyte responsiveness. It is concluded that infantile allergy is more common in babies with a short duration of breast feeding and that feeding with cow's milk, compared to breast-feeding, causes a changed lymphocyte reactivity to PHA, which latter finding indicates an altered T cell function between the two feeding groups. PMID- 7116619 TI - A direct assay for carcinoembryonic antigen in serum and its diagnostic value in metastatic breast cancer. AB - The development of an optimized direct assay for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in serum is described. CEA was purified from liver metastases from colorectal carcinomas, and avid anti-CEA antibodies (Ka 1.0-1.6x10(11) L/mol) were produced in rabbits. Radiolabelling of CEA was performed by the "Iodo-Gen" method. Experiments performed in order to characterize antigen-antibody specificity and to work out assay conditions are described. In the separation step of the assay, problems associated with non-specific binding of radioligand were virtually eliminated by using a new solid-phase second antibody, based on monodisperse polymer particles. The clinical performance of the assay is demonstrated by its high ability to detect relapses in patients with mammary carcinoma. PMID- 7116620 TI - Elevated hemoglobin A1 in streptozotocin diabetic rats and in rats on sucrose and galactose-enriched diets. AB - Increased hemoglobin A1 (HbA1) occurs in diabetes mellitus as a direct consequence of hyperglycemia, which causes postsynthetic modification of hemoglobin proportional to blood glucose concentration. Glycosylation of hemoglobin is demonstrable also in vitro, not only by glucose, but with other reducing sugars such as galactose. The purpose of this study was to show that increased HbA1 could be induced by feeding rats a diet enriched either by galactose or sucrose. A third experimental group consisted of rats made diabetic by injection of streptozotocin. Exposure to a diet of 40% galactose resulted in a diabetes-like state with polyuria, weight loss, muscle atrophy, fat depletion, bilateral cataracts, peripheral neuropathy and significantly elevated HbA1. Blood glucose levels were not elevated and after four months of galactose feeding there was hypoglycemia. Total HbA1 was determined by a microcolumn chromatographic procedure, recently made available for clinical use. Increased HbA1 was also found in rats which received a diet of 68% sucrose for several months. The highest values of HbA1 were determined in streptozotocin diabetic rats and there was significant correlation with plasma glucose concentration. Development of experimental models for increased HbA1 by dietary exposure makes it possible to relate increases in HbA1 to measured amounts of sugar included in the diet. Increased HbA1 in galactosemic and diabetic rats provides a biochemical marker which may be correlated with the evolving morphologic changes such as basement membrane thickening occurring in certain tissues in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7116621 TI - Detection of ischemic myocardial injury in patients with normal, or moderately elevated, serum CK and AST activities. AB - It is still undecided in clinical medicine if an increased serum CK-MB level indicates irreversible myocardial damage. We measured CK and AST activities on three serum samples obtained during the first 24 hours following admission of patients with a clinical history suggesting myocardial ischemia. Isoenzymes were not separated when CK and AST activities were less than 300 U/L and 35 U/L respectively, but were fractionated when the enzyme activities doubled during the first 24 hours even within their normal ranges. Over a three-year period this doubling occurred in 30 patients, one of whom was admitted twice to the hospital. The serum CK-MB fractions of these patients were 6% or greater in 26 and less than 6% in 5 admissions. The final clinical diagnosis given to the patients on 20 of these 26 admissions was acute subendocardial infarction. None of the five patients with a CK-MB fraction less than 6% had a clinical diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. A comparative study of 102 patients with higher average enzyme activities but without doubling of both enzymes during a 24-hour period, did not yield a CK-MB of 6% or greater. None of this group of patients was diagnosed clinically as having had acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7116622 TI - Simultaneous determinations of plasma oxytocin and serum placental leucine aminopeptidase (P-LAP) during late pregnancy. AB - 1. Plasma oxytocin concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay in 231 normal pregnant patients. The mean level of the maternal plasma oxytocin increases gradually with advancing pregnancy, culminating in a marked increase during the last two months. 2. Serum placental leucine aminopeptidase (P-LAP) activities and oxytocinase were measured serially in 78 obstetrically normal pregnant patients during late pregnancy. The daily mean P-LAP activity rises progressively during late pregnancy, reaching a relatively high level at 11 days prior to the onset of labor, then fluctuates slightly until the onset of labor. 3. Simultaneous serial measurements of plasma oxytocin levels and serum P-LAP activities in 9 normal pregnant women during late pregnancy show that the onset of labor is preceded by either an increase in the oxytocin level or a decrease in the P-LAP activity. PMID- 7116623 TI - Theoretical constraints in the measurement of serum bilirubin binding capacity. AB - The large majority of methods for measuring serum unoccupied bilirubin binding capacity involve adding an exogenous ligand to a diluted serum sample. If the added ligand binds specifically to bilirubin binding sites, the extrapolation is made that the amount of ligand which becomes bound represents the previously unoccupied bilirubin binding capacity of the original sample. This simple theory ignores the labile nature of the equilibrium reactions between bilirubin binding sites and the ligands with which they interact. The present theoretical and experimental study of these equilibrium reactions shows that (a) sample dilution alone results in changes in the proportional occupancy of bilirubin binding sites by bilirubin and other endogenous ligands, so that the extent of vacancy of those binding sites becomes exaggerated; (b) addition of an exogenous ligand to the diluted sample results is further displacement of native bilirubin and other endogenous ligands from bilirubin binding sites. The amount of added ligand which becomes bound is thus likely to represent a greater extent of vacancy of bilirubin binding sites than was present in the original sample. Results from such methods can therefore only overestimate the unoccupied bilirubin binding capacity of blood plasma in vivo. In order to avoid these analytical problems, current methods must be redesigned. It is suggested from this work that the ability of a serum to sequester safety additional bilirubin may best be assessed from measurement of its bilirubin buffering capacity. This parameter is different from the total or unoccupied binding capacity currently attempted, and its measurement is within the capability of published methods for measuring free (= unbound) bilirubin, modified to analyse minimally diluted samples. PMID- 7116624 TI - Oxytocinase (CAP) activity in serum during normal pregnancy. AB - Reference values for the activity of oxytocinase were determined in the sera of 371 women during normal pregnancy. An exponential relationship between enzyme activities and gestational age was found. The activity of oxytocinase (CAP) increased progressively from the beginning to the end of pregnancy. Statistical evaluation showed a significant difference between the 5th and 2nd months, as well as after the 20th week of pregnancy. PMID- 7116625 TI - Interlaboratory comparison of serum thyroxine analyses. AB - Approximately 300 clinical chemistry laboratories participated in a survey of measurements of the thyroxine (T4) concentration in 13 lyophilized serum specimens prepared by spiking a base serum pool with several different levels of T4. Of 35 commercially available kit methods, 4 kits were used by 30 or more laboratories, and 9 by 10 or more laboratories. Values obtained with the Abbott or Nuclear Medical laboratories, kits, which were used by one-third of all laboratories that named a specific kit, averaged 1 to 2 micrograms/dL greater than those obtained with the other methods. Within-run coefficients of variation were 10 to 20% for specimens containing less than 3 micrograms/dL of T4 and 3 to 6% for specimens with more elevated T4 levels. PMID- 7116626 TI - The development and evaluation of a homogeneous immunoassay for the isoenzymes of aspartate aminotransferase. AB - Purified isoenzymes of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) from human liver (mitochondrial) and erythrocytes (cytoplasmic) were used to elicit antisera in rabbits. Each antiserum was characterized for titer and specificity. Complexes formed upon addition of each isoenzyme to its specific antiserum were demonstrated to be catalytically inactive. Results obtained when either filtration or centrifugation was used for separating the complexes (heterogeneous assay) were comparable to those obtained when the complexes were not separated (homogeneous assay) from the mixture before assay. A quality control system was designed to monitor specificity in addition to the usual parameters. The precision for the inhibition of cytoplasmic (CV 4.8%) and mitochondrial (CV 3.5%) isoenzymes was within that of the enzymatic assay. Several parametric conditions of the enzyme-antibody reactions were examined, and the assay was adapted for semi-automation. The homogeneous assay was evaluated with a series of pseudo specimens containing known mixtures of pure isoenzymes to determine the extent of recovery (99.8%) for a particular isoenzyme in the presence of varying concentrations of the other isoenzyme. In addition, sera from patients having elevated AST concentrations were examined for isoenzyme contributions to total AST activity. A mean recovery of 96% was obtained for these specimens. PMID- 7116627 TI - Determination of total IgE by ELISA in tubes and plates compared with PRIST. AB - IgE was measured by ELISA in tubes and in microtiter plates, the results being compared with PRIST data. The recommended readings of the tube contents in a spectrophotometer (SPM) were compared with results using a multi-channel photometer (MCP). Geometric mean values (International Units) and standard deviations of 44 normal sera examined by the 3 different methods were: PRIST 16.2 +/- 4.0; SPM 15.6 +/- 4.9 and MCP 18.4 +/- 4.4. Correlation coefficients were: PRIST-SPM r = 0.98; PRIST-MCP r = 0.98; and SPM-MCP r = 0.97. Intra- and inter assay coefficients of variation were smaller for MCP than for SPM. In addition, reading in microtiter plates was much faster, while having little effect on sensitivity. PMID- 7116628 TI - Comparison of standardization techniques for colorimetric analyses on a centrifugal analyzer. AB - The influences of the mode of standardization and the type of standard on the precision of four mechanized methods performed on a centrifugal analyzer are described. Experimental results show that the mode of standardization -- variable, using a standard in each analytical batch, and constant, using a direct relationship between concentration and absorbance -- must be objectively selected. If the variable mode is chosen, the type and level of standard must be carefully chosen and absorbance of assays of the standard must be carefully monitored for good quality control. It is recommended that the optimum standardization technique and standard, where applicable, should be assessed and subsequently documented in evaluations of methods, kits and instruments. PMID- 7116629 TI - Phase imaging: a new, noninvasive method for diagnosis, localization of accessory pathways, and serial assessment of therapy in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. PMID- 7116630 TI - Clinical usefulness of thallium-201 scintigraphy in the study of coronary artery disease: a comparison of two exercise systems. PMID- 7116631 TI - Ejaculatory incompetence following penile prosthesis implantation in men with primary psychogenic impotence. PMID- 7116632 TI - Increased excretion of lactate, glutarate, 3-hydroxyisovalerate and 3 methylglutaconate during clinical episodes of propionic acidemia. AB - Metabolic changes dependent upon clinical conditions were studied in an eight month-old girl with propionyl CoA carboxylase deficiency. Only methylcitric acid and 2-methyl-3-oxovaleric acid were detected in the urine of the patient under clinically favorable conditions. During episodes of clinical decompensation, she excreted increased amounts of all the metabolites associated with this disorder. Four acetyl CoA precursors increased during clinical episodes: glutaric acid, a catabolic intermediate of lysine; 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid and 3-methylglutaconic acid, catabolic intermediates of leucine; and lactic acid. This suggests that under clinically favorable conditions the patient has an altered propionate metabolism which proceeds via normal acetyl CoA metabolism with sufficient capacity for acetyl CoA plus propionyl CoA metabolism. When the production of propionyl CoA exceeds the metabolic capacity, however, the catabolism of potent ketogenic amino acids is effectively suppressed in order to reduce acetyl CoA production. PMID- 7116633 TI - Evidence that alkaline phosphatase from human neutrophils is the same gene product as the liver/kidney/bone isoenzyme. AB - Neutrophils were isolated in good yield from fresh whole blood and their alkaline phosphatase was solubilized. Inhibitor studies using L-phenylalanylglycylglycine, L-phenylalanine and L-homoarginine revealed a distinct pattern of inhibition for each of the crude or purified preparations of the human isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase from liver, intestine or placenta. Aqueous solutions from butanol extracts of human neutrophils and a purified preparation of the enzyme from neutrophils displayed a pattern virtually identical to that of the liver alkaline phosphatase. This is consistent with the proposal that it is the product of the same structural gene which codes for the liver/kidney/bone group of human alkaline phosphatases. PMID- 7116634 TI - Determination of serum methemalbumin by second-derivative spectroscopy. PMID- 7116635 TI - Preparation of high-density lipoproteins labelled exclusively at the cholesteryl ester moiety. AB - The in vitro preparation of HDL radiolabelled at the cholesteryl ester moiety was determined by incubating different serum fractions with [3H]cholesteryl linoleate or cholesteryl [14C]oleate dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and subsequent re-isolation of HDL from the incubation mixture by ultracentrifugation. Using the supernatant obtained by precipitation of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins with phosphotungstate/MgCl2 or using the greater than 1.075 kg/l fraction of sera, the bulk of the added radioactivity could be recovered in the re-isolated HDL fraction, as demonstrated by density gradient ultracentrifugation or by gel chromatography. Incubation experiments using whole sera or the greater than 1.063 kg/l fraction of sera resulted in the preferential association of the labelled cholesteryl linoleate with apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins. PMID- 7116636 TI - Determination of p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid in cerebrospinal fluid by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. AB - Using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection with a rapid one-step purification on a Sephadex G-10 column, we have developed a sensitive technique to measure p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, the oxidatively deaminated metabolite of p-tyramine. The metabolite was measured in cerebrospinal fluid with high recovery and precision. Concentrations of p hydroxyphenylacetic acid ranged from 4.2 to 17.0 ng/ml with a mean value of 7.8 ng/ml +/- 1.1 SEM in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid of 11 control patients. In a preliminary analysis, the concentrations in schizophrenic patients were significantly lower than those in controls. Since p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid in cerebrospinal fluid seems to be derived from the brain, this finding may indicate a decrease in brain formation. The present method should be useful in clinical investigations to clarify a functional role of p-tyramine in the brain. PMID- 7116637 TI - Lipase contaminated albumin as a source of error in measurement of post-heparin plasma lipase activity (PHLA). PMID- 7116638 TI - Indirect determination of methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) in leukocytes of leukemia patients. PMID- 7116639 TI - Plasma pyruvate kinase activity: disruption of platelets and leucocytes results in increased plasma activity. PMID- 7116640 TI - Application of methylumbelliferylphosphate as phosphatase substrate in isoenzyme mapping. PMID- 7116641 TI - Organic acid metabolism in a patient with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency. AB - Serum and urinary organic acids in a 9-year-old girl with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency were investigated. The urinary excretion of alpha ketoglutarate (alpha-KG) and citrate were abnormally high. An inverse linear correlation was found between the plasma ammonium and alpha-KG levels when the plasma ammonium level was less than 200 micrograms/dl, but not at higher levels, suggesting that on overloading with ammonium, its route of metabolism and compensating mechanism are not functionally normal. After administration of NH4Cl, plasma and urinary levels of alpha-KG, pyruvate and citrate increased, but the urinary succinate level decreased slightly. After oral administration of citrate the plasma alpha-KG level increased and the ammonium level decreased transiently. Our results suggest that administration of citrate or alpha-KG is not effective for reducing hyperammonemia in ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency. PMID- 7116642 TI - Detection of succinylacetone and the use of its measurement in mass screening for hereditary tyrosinemia. AB - A technique designed to measure quantitatively succinylacetone (4,6 dioxoheptanoic acid) is presented. It essentially involves the inhibition of delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.24) by succinylacetone. Prior to their use in the assay, the samples are heated at 100 degrees C for 30 min in order to transform all succinylacetoacetate (3,5-dioxooctanedioic acid) to succinylacetone. By this transformation of the first abnormal metabolite specific to hereditary tyrosinemia to the second and last one, which is a powerful inhibitor of delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase, we determine in one sensitive assay the total amount of both. Succinylacetone was measured in sera and urines from 19 patients with hereditary tyrosinemia. All sera and urines contained succinylacetone at concentrations ranging, respectively, from 2 to 100 mumol/l and from 190 to 6000 mumol/g creatinine. The technique was also adapted to dried blood spots on paper and was used as a test complementary to blood tyrosine determination in mass screening for hereditary tyrosinemia. A total of 2412 samples having concentrations of 60 mg/l or more of tyrosine were assayed, and ten showed the presence of succinylacetone. These were all from newborns with hereditary tyrosinemia. The test has proven to virtually eliminate false positives, and, thereby, much clerical work and parental anxiety. PMID- 7116643 TI - A system for separation of cortisol, 11-deoxycortisol, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and progesterone in a single chromatographic step and its application to radioimmunoassay. PMID- 7116644 TI - Human serum carnosinase: characterization, distinction from cellular carnosinase, and activation by cadmium. AB - Human serum carnosinase was assayed using a simple and sensitive fluorometric method. Under optimum conditions, the average adult serum hydrolyzed 42 mu mol of carnosine per ml per hour, about 17 times the average activity reported in the literature. Cadmium was twice as effective as manganese as an activator of this enzyme. Serum carnosinase was found to be different in many respects from cellular carnosinase. For example, the serum isozyme hydrolyzed homocarnosine, whereas the cellular carnosinase did not. The apparent molecular weight of serum carnosinase was 160 000, while that of the cellular isozyme was 90 000. Although it has been reported that serum contains two molecular forms of carnosinase, only one form was detected using several electrophoretic methods and two ion exchange chromatography procedures. The concentration of serum carnosinase varied greatly between individuals. Little or no enzyme was detected in children below 10 months in age. Thereafter, the average concentration of carnosinase increased gradually to reach the adult range at age 13-15. PMID- 7116645 TI - Further evidence of human alpha-L-fucosidase polymorphism. PMID- 7116646 TI - Analysis of bile acid glucuronides in urine: group separation on a lipophilic anion exchanger. AB - A chromatographic separation of glucuronidated bile acids using the anion exchanger diethylaminohydroxypropyl Sephadex LH-20 (DEAP LH-20) is described. Group separation of non-sulfated, non-glucuronidated bile acids, bile acid glucuronides, bile acid monosulfates, and bile acid disulfates was obtained. The method allowed analysis of all these bile acid derivatives in the urine of 15 patients with cirrhosis of the liver and cholestasis. The patients excreted in mean 30.4 mumol/24 h non-sulfated, non-glucuronidated bile acids, 90.3 mumol bile acid monosulfates, and 10.2 mumol bile acid glucuronides. Glycine- or taurine conjugated were 68% of the non-sulfated, non-glucuronidated bile acids, 96% of bile acid sulfates, and 81% of bile acid glucuronides. PMID- 7116647 TI - High serum thiamine and the sudden infant death syndrome. AB - Serum thiamine concentrations in 233 infants dying from the sudden infant death syndrome were compared with those found in 46 infants dying from other explicable causes. The levels in the sudden infant death group ranged from 22- greater than 500 micrograms/1 (mean 144.3 micrograms/1) and in the controls less than 1.0-95 micrograms/1 (mean 26.5 micrograms/1). The difference was highly significant (p less than 0.001). Only 13 (5.6%) of the sudden infant death group had a serum thiamine concentrations below 50 micrograms/1 whereas four (8.7%) of the control infants had a level above 50 micrograms/1. Thiamine was measured in nine samples of human breast milk and was present in concentrations ranging from 55-366 micrograms/1 (mean 178 micrograms/1); manufactured milk based formulae contained up to 2160 micrograms/1. Absorption of thiamine in man is rate limited but it appears that in infants dying from the sudden death syndrome the vitamin may be freely absorbed leading to very high serum levels. PMID- 7116648 TI - Similar zinc levels in seminal fluid from normospermic, oligospermic and azoospermic men. PMID- 7116649 TI - A practical method for screening atypical pseudocholinesterase. PMID- 7116650 TI - Total automated method for determination of cholesterol concentration in high density lipoprotein by heparin-magnesium-albumin precipitation. AB - We describe an automated procedure for determination of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol in serum by use of heparin-MgCl2-albumin reagent. 'AutoAnalyzer' II equipment was used in which high-density lipoprotein was separated from precipitate containing very-low and low-density lipoproteins by filtering on-line across a cellulose acetate membrane. Cholesterol concentration was measured by the enzymic method of Allain. Good correlation was obtained using the automated method compared to the heparin-MgCl2-albumin (r=0.99) or sodium phosphotungstate MgCl2 procedure (r=0.97). Contamination was minimal with a contamination coefficient lower than 2.5%. The method presented was linear (0 to 2.50 mmol/1) and could be applied to lipemic samples with a coefficient of variation better than 3%. This study showed thus that this new procedure was suitable for routine work with a good rate (60 samples/h) in almost any laboratory. PMID- 7116651 TI - Evaluation of a solid-phase immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) for serum thyroglobulin: effect of anti-thyroglobulin autoantibody. PMID- 7116652 TI - Familial thyroid peroxidase defect. PMID- 7116653 TI - Reduced dopaminergic inhibition of thyrotrophin release in states of physiological hyperprolactinaemia. AB - We have tested the hypothesis that physiological puerperal hyperprolactinaemia may be secondary to reduced hypothalamic dopaminergic inhibition of prolactin (PRL) release. Nine post-partum females with physiological hyperprolactinaemia (aged 19-40 years; mean basal PRL +/- SE, 2099 +/- 257 mU/1, range 1002-3762 mU/1) were studied and results compared with fourteen normoprolactinaemic females (basal PRL less than 400 mU/1; aged 18-36 years). Puerperal hyperprolactinaemic females showed a reduced TSH response to dopamine (DA) receptor blockade with metoclopramide (10 mg i.v.) compared with normal females over a 60-min period following drug administration (total incremental TSH change, mean +/- SE, mU/1; 0.5 +/- 0.3 v. 3.1 +/- 1.0 P less than 0.005). This finding of reduced dopaminergic inhibition of TSH release in females with physiological puerperal hyperprolactinaemia supports the view that an overall reduction in hypothalamic dopaminergic tone may contribute towards hyperprolactinaemia in post-partum women. PMID- 7116654 TI - Two cases of lymphoma of the parotid gland following ablative radioiodine therapy for thyroid carcinoma. AB - Two adult patients are described in whom 131I therapy thyroid carcinoma was followed by the development of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in salivary glands. Histologically one was lymphocytic and the other histiocytic. The total doses of 131I given were 27 GBq (675 mCi) and 14GBq (350 mCi), lymphoma presenting 10 and 3 years respectively after the initial therapeutic dose of 131I. We suggest that the relationship is a causal one, because of the rarity of salivary gland lymphoma and the high dose or radiation to the salivary glands with this mode of therapy. PMID- 7116655 TI - Proceedings of the Symposium: Systolic hypertension. Brescia, Italy, June 4, 1981. PMID- 7116656 TI - Arterial compliance in systolic hypertension. AB - Arterial compliance as estimated by pulse wave velocity and the pulse pressure/stroke volume index was evaluated in 27 normotensive subjects, 21 patients with established, and 18 patients with systolic essential hypertension. Pulse wave velocity was elevated to the same degree in both hypertensive groups when compared to the normotensive controls. The pulse pressure/stroke volume index was higher in essential hypertension than in normotensive subjects and even higher in patients with systolic hypertension. It is concluded that both indices are useful clinical tools to determine arterial compliance. Systolic hypertension does not always indicate stiffening of the arterial tree, but may result from a high stroke volume in the presence of a normal arterial compliance. PMID- 7116657 TI - Effect of arterial compliance on systolic blood pressure and cardiac function. AB - To study the effects of arterial compliance on blood pressure and ventricular performance, 33 patients undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization who were found to be free of significant cardiac disease were selected. Since blood pressure is a continuous variable, a specific cutting point was not used as a criterion for selection, although 12 patients were classified as hypertensive. The interrelationships between blood pressure, peripheral resistance, arterial compliance, and stroke volume index were investigated by determining the linear correlation between any two desired variables; and by employing partial correlative analysis to determine whether an observed relationship was dependent upon or independent of the influence of a third variable. Peripheral resistance was observed to be independently related to diastolic pressure (r = 0.59, p less than 0.01); while arterial compliance was not only related to stroke volume index (r = 0.67, p less than 0.01) but was also independently related to systolic pressure (r = -0.63, p less than 0.01). Thus, these observations suggest that arterial compliance is a common hemodynamic variable related to both the level of systolic pressure and ventricular performance. PMID- 7116658 TI - Aortic rigidity and plasma catecholamines in essential hypertensive patients. AB - Aortic rigidity, plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline, and hemodynamic parameters were measured in 48 essential hypertensive patients, 25 younger than 45 (Group I) and 23 of 45 years and over (Group II). Aortic rigidity was determined by the ratio of pulse pressure over stroke volume. Aortic rigidity and hemodynamic parameters were also determined after combined alpha-beta receptor blockade induced by Labetalol (mg 100 IV) or by Propranolol (mg 10 IV) plus Phentolamine (mg 10 IV). The aortic rigidity index was significantly higher in Group II, systolic arterial pressure being significantly higher. All other data, including plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline, were not significantly different in the two groups. In Group II a significant correlation (r = 0.62) was noted between aortic rigidity indexes and plasma noradrenaline values. The alpha-beta receptor blockade induced a decrease of aortic rigidity particularly in Group II, owing to a more marked decrease of systolic arterial pressure. A highly significant correlation was noted in Group II between the changes in aortic rigidity index and the basal plasma noradrenaline levels (r = 0.81). Therefore, the aortic rigidity in essential hypertensive patients older than 45 is influenced by the sympathetic nervous system activity, as judged by plasma noradrenaline levels. This influence seems related to an increase with age of aortic responsiveness to sympathetic stimulation. PMID- 7116660 TI - Raised plasma catecholamines in old and young patients with disproportionate systolic hypertension. AB - Sympathetic nerve tonicity was assessed in hypertensives with either proportionate or disproportionate elevation of systolic blood pressure: patients were segregated into two groups, age less than 40 years and age 40 years and greater. Plasma catecholamines of sixty patients with proportionate hypertension and thirty five with disproportionate hypertension were compared with those of sixty one age matched normotensive volunteers. Disproportionate patients were younger than proportionate hypertensives in the age group less than 40 years (p less than .01) and were older than proportionate in the 40 years and older group (p less than .01). The youngest and oldest patients with disproportionate systolic hypertension tended to have normal diastolic blood pressure. Total plasma catecholamines were increased in both groups of hypertensives, whether young or old. However, only values in male hypertensives were increased significantly when compared with normotensives (p less than .01). Enhanced sympathetic nervous system tonicity appears to be an important factor in the cause and maintenance of both proportionate and disproportionate systolic hypertension. PMID- 7116659 TI - Adrenergic activity in systolic hypertension. AB - Basal hemodynamics and plasma catecholamines were measured in 10 patients with systolic hypertension, 7 males and 3 females, aged 38-69 years (Group 1), and in 10 patients with systolic and diastolic hypertension, 7 males and 3 females, aged 40-65 years (Group 2); the same measurements were repeated after acute pharmacological alpha and beta-blockade with Labetalol, 100 mg iv, or Propranolol, 10 mg iv, plus Phentolamine, 10 mg iv. In patients of Group 1 plasma noradrenaline was inversely related to systolic arterial pressure and to stroke index and was directly related to heart rate. In patients of Group 2 plasma noradrenaline was directly related to systolic arterial pressure. After acute alpha and beta-blockade the degree of reduction of systolic arterial pressure was directly related to basal plasma noradrenaline in both groups; systolic arterial pressure was reduced to normotensive levels in 5 patients of Group 1 who had high basal plasma noradrenaline values. These results confirm some of our previous findings and suggest that in some patients with systolic hypertension adrenergic activity is increased and may have a significant role in maintaining high blood pressure values. PMID- 7116661 TI - Systolic or diastolic hypertension--which matters most? AB - Blood pressure was recorded in 2680 people over a period of 17 years. Of 685 deaths, 250 occurred in men over 65 and 148 (58%) were attributed to cardiovascular causes. 219 women over 65 died; 157 (72%) from cardiovascular causes. For both sexes chi-square values relating death to systolic blood pressure were higher than the values for diastolic pressure. (Ed.) PMID- 7116662 TI - Antihypertensive therapy in patients above age 60 with systolic hypertension. A progress report of the European Working Party on High Blood Pressure in the Elderly (EWPHE). AB - 1. Although systolic blood pressure elevation is responsible for increased incidence of cardiovascular accidents in old people, the preventive benefit of lowering systolic hypertension in elderly has not been confirmed. 2. A double blind study comparing the effects of a placebo and of an active regimen (hydrochlorothiazide-triamterene with or without methyldopa) in people over 60 years with isolated systolic hypertension has been undertaken by the European Working Party on High blood pressure in the Elderly (EWPHE). 3. The actively treated group shows a lowered sitting blood pressure (-15/6 mm Hg), a mild increase of serum creatine, serum uric acid and blood glucose and a mild decrease of serum potassium after two years of treatment when compared to the spontaneous changes observed in the placebo treated group. 4. The study is continuing to evaluate if the blood pressure reduction prevents or reduces the incidence of cardiovascular accidents, although some biochemical changes were provoked by the treatment. PMID- 7116664 TI - Abstracts from the annual meeting of the Japanese Hypertension Society, September 11-12, 1981. PMID- 7116663 TI - The prognostic significance of isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly. Results of a ten year longitudinal survey. AB - A ten year longitudinal survey of 191 female elderly subjects (mean age 80--Range 61 to 100 years) was set up to demonstrate that even a moderate isolated systolic hypertension is a powerful contributor to the incidence of cardiovascular complications in the elderly. The incidence of all cardiovascular events was carefully recorded and was correlated with a number of parameters registered at entry into the study. The results show that isolated systolic hypertension as well as diastolic hypertension is significantly correlated to the incidence of strokes and myocardial infarction independently of other parameters (Blood Cholesterol, Blood Sugar) which do not appear in this population as risk factors of cardiovascular morbidity. This underlines the high interest of controlled therapeutic studies run in this field in elderly patients. PMID- 7116665 TI - Inhibition of DOC-salt and adrenal-regeneration hypertension with the calcium blocker nifedipine. AB - When nifedipine was given to rats at a dosage of 0.3 mg/kg, the blood pressure fell and heart rates rose slightly in normotensive controls, but both changes were more marked in rats with DOC-salt hypertension, the magnitude of the drop in mm Hg being progressively greater as hypertension evolved. Tachycardia also tended to increase, but became somewhat erratic once hypertension was established. Both changes were relatively constant and equivalent when expressed as a percentage of the initial value. Nifedipine given by minipump at a dosage of 8 mg/ml proved able to prevent or modulate, adrenal-regeneration hypertension, but not DOC-salt hypertension. However, in the latter, when the pumps were discontinued and a 1 mg/kg/day injection schedule was substituted, blood pressure fell in nifedipine-treated and rose in untreated rats. The latter dosage had a greater effect on blood pressure and heart rate of normotensive rats than 0.3 mg/kg. PMID- 7116666 TI - Prevention of malignant hypertension in salt loaded "S" Dahl rats with the calcium antagonist nifedipine. AB - Female "S" Dahl rats, fed an 8% NaCl diet from the 6th week of age developed malignant hypertension and heart hypertrophy in the course of 6 weeks on the salt regimen. Simultaneous treatment with nifedipine (300 ppm in diet additional to 8% NaCl) prevented the increase in blood pressure, reduced heart hypertrophy and mortality and improved the impaired renal function in "S" rats. The decrease in hematocrit in salt loaded "S" rats was prevented by nifedipine. The prophylactic effect of the calcium antagonist nifedipine is only partly due to the prevention of increase in systemic vascular resistance. In addition an improvement of failed intrarenal hemodynamics by nifedipine can be postulated. This enables the kidney of "S" rats to excrete the salt load without increasing blood pressure and plasma volume. PMID- 7116668 TI - Central mechanisms in DOC-salt hypertensive rats. AB - These experiments were intended to elucidate the role of central mechanisms in the maintenance of high blood pressure produced by deoxycorticosterone (DOC) and salt in rats. We investigated the central effect of angiotensin (AII) on systemic arterial blood pressure and plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) in DOC-salt and control rats. There was a pronounced augmentation of the pressor responsiveness to centrally injected AII in DOC-salt hypertensive rats; but there was no difference in AII induced AVP release in DOC-salt hypertensive rats compared to sham controls. The increase in vascular resistance of the perfused hindquarters induced by stimulation of the lumbar sympathetic chains did not change in DOC salt hypertensive rats although the increases induced by norepinephrine (NE) were potentiated at the higher doses. Pressor responsiveness of the DOC-salt hypertensive rats to i.v. administration of AII, AVP and NE was shown to be augmented by factors of 3.6, 2.5 and 1.8 respectively in DOC-salt rats. Reflex bradycardia to these pressor responses was attenuated indicating impairment of baroreflex function. The potentiation of pressor responses to centrally injected AII in DOC-salt hypertensive rats was greater than could be explained by augmented pressor responsiveness to iv NE and AVP. Neither baroreflex dysfunction, facilitated release of NE at sympathetic terminals, nor augmented release of AVP into the circulation could explain the potentiation. Therefore, our data suggested that selective central amplification of sympathetic vasomotor responses to centrally injected AII stimuli may play a role in the hypertension after 3 weeks of DOC-salt treatment in rats. PMID- 7116667 TI - One-clip, one-kidney hypertension in rats with hereditary hypothalamic diabetes insipidus. AB - An attempt was made to produce one-clip, one-kidney hypertension in the rat with diabetes insipidus (DI). Renal artery constriction in unilaterally nephrectomized DI rats (DI-clip) resulted in an increased blood pressure in all 9 rats, but this response was only transient in 3 rats. The magnitude of the hypertension was less in the DI-clip rats than in Long-Evans rats subjected to the same protocol (LE clip). Infusion of saralasin i.v. at doses of 10 and 30 micrograms/kg . min. 4 to 6 weeks after surgery was without effect on mean arterial pressure in LE-clip and control DI rats, but substantially lowered blood pressure in the DI-clip rats (p less that 0.05 - 0.01). It is concluded that vasopressin is not essential for the production of one-clip, one kidney hypertension in the rat, and that, in the DI rat, the renin-angiotensin system is an important factor in this form of hypertension. PMID- 7116670 TI - Measurement of renal artery pressure in the rat. AB - The objective of this study was to develop and document a simple technique for the direct measurement of renal artery pressure (RAP) in the rat. RAP was recorded in 13 Sprague-Dawley rats using a glass micropipette fitted to a low displacement pressure transducer. Average mean arterial pressure recorded from a femoral artery catheter was 107.2 +/- 3.2 mmHg compared with a RAP of 103.8 +/- 3.7 mmHg (P less than 0.05). To determine whether the measurement affected renal blood flow (RBF), RBF was determined using radiolabeled microspheres, both before and while recording left RAP. No differences existed between the initial left and right RBFs [7.3 +/- 0.4 %CO/gm (percent cardiac output per gram tissue) vs. 7.3 +/- 0.4 %CO/gm, P greater than 0.9]. The micropipette in the left renal artery did not alter left RBF (control, 7.3 +/- 0.4 %CO/gm vs. experimental, 7.6 +/- 0.4 %CO/gm; P greater than 0.2). Right RBF did not change between successive flow determinations (P greater than 0.5) indicating that a change in renal hemodynamics unrelated to the protocol did not occur. The techniques presented provide an accurate, simple method for the direct measurement of RAP in the rat. PMID- 7116669 TI - Cardiovascular and sympathetic effects of l-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3 phosphocholine in conscious SHR and WKY rats. AB - Injections of 1-)-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (alkylacetyl GPC, 0.2-5.0 nmol/300 g body weight) induced dose-related hypotension and tachycardia in spontaneous hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive control (WKY) rats. The hypotension that developed was more pronounced in SHR than in WKY rats and was unchanged by indomethacin pretreatment. Plasma norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (EPI) levels were markedly increased at the time of maximal hypotension (2 min after injection of alkylacetyl-GPC); plasma EPI (but not NE) was higher in the SHR than in WKY animals. Plasma levels of TXB2, but not 6-keto PGF 1 alpha, increased in both groups; the increase was more pronounced in SHR than in WKY rats. In pithed SHR rats, alkylacetyl-GPC caused only short lasting hypotension without any effect on heart rate or circulating levels of NE or EPI. These data suggest that there is an increased vascular sensitivity to alkylacetyl GPC in SHR rats and activation of thromboxane-generating elements in both SHR and WKY rats. PMID- 7116671 TI - Reproducibility of the whole-day blood pressure pattern in essential hypertension. AB - The reproducibility of the whole-day blood pressure, measured by an automated non invasive device at 7.5 minute intervals, was examined in 6 hypertensive patients in a quiet in-hospital environment. During a repeat study performed two weeks after the baseline monitoring period, the average 14-hour systolic blood pressure had changed significantly in 3 patients and the diastolic blood pressure in 2. If the day was divided into 12 consecutive 2-hour periods, systolic blood pressure averages during corresponding periods of the two studies correlated significantly in 3 of the 6 patients, and diastolic blood pressure averages in 5. After a third 24-hour monitoring period, carried out in 4 of the 6 patients, it was found that the baseline study correlated more strongly with the second repeat study than with the first, and that the correlations between the two latter studies were the strongest of all. Thus, even during relatively non-stimulatory conditions the 24 hour blood pressure is not constant in all patients; there is a tendency, however, towards greater reproducibility of the whole-day blood pressure patterns as patients become more familiar with the monitoring procedure. PMID- 7116673 TI - Incontinentia pigmenti in Arizona Indians including transmission from mother to son inconsistent with the half chromatid mutation model. AB - Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) is an X-linked dominant disease, usually lethal to males. To explain occasional sporadic IP males, the half chromatid mutation model (Gartler & Francke 1975) has been invoked (Lenz 1975). We here report four cases of American Indians with IP. Two girls had sporadic IP. One affected boy's mother had IP. This is the first report of mother-to-son transmission of IP, indicating that a male with an inherited whole chromatid mutation for IP can escape lethality. PMID- 7116672 TI - Vasodilator capacity of forearm vessels in hypertension. AB - Factors determining vascular resistance were examined in 6 normotensive subjects (NT), 5 with established hypertension (EH) and diastolic pressures greater than 90 mmHg and 7 with borderline hypertension (BH) having pressures intermittently greater than 140/90 mmHg. Using plethysmography, we measured forearm blood flow (FBF), arterial resistance (FAR) and venous compliance (FVC) before and after autonomic blockade with propranolol 0.2 mg/kh, atropine 0.04 mg/kg and phentolamine 15 mg I.V. Subjects with EH had the highest baseline FBF. MAP was increased 18-22% after atropine and propranolol in all 3 groups. Phentolamine decreased MAP -8.9 +/- 2.1% in NT, -6.9 +/-1.2% in BH and -16.5 +/- 1.9% in EH (p less than 0.05). After total blockade, FAR in EH (32.4 +/- 4.8 units) was similar to FAR in TN (31.0 +/- 3.6 units) whereas that in BH remained high (50.2 +/- 3.8 units; p less than 0.01). Baseline FVC was highest in NT, intermediate in BH and lowest in EH and was not altered by autonomic blockade. Non-gravitational exercise for 6 min during upper arm arterial occlusion after autonomic blockade resulted in a residual FAR of 2.3 +/- 0.1 units in NT, 3.8 +/- 0.3 units in BH and 4.2 +/- 1.7 units in EH (p less than 0.01) during reactive hyperemia. Increased FAR in our subjects with BH and EH was probably due to structural vascular alterations. The greater increase in FAR and MAP in EH over that observed in BH has a sympathetic nervous system component. PMID- 7116674 TI - Distinctive hair changes (pili torti) in Rapp-Hodgkin ectodermal dysplasia syndrome. AB - An 8-year-old girl with narrow nose, small mouth, maxillary hypoplasia, cleft palate, hypodontia and hypohidrosis is described. Her scalp hair was coarse, dry and wiry. Microscopic examination showed the hair to be twisted at irregular intervals on its long axis, as seen in pili torti. Her mother has the same features; as a child, she had identical hair and is now bald. Both mother and daughter display signs and symptoms of Rapp-Hodgkin's ectodermal dysplasia. The autosomal dominant inheritance of the disease is further supported by the findings in this family. PMID- 7116675 TI - Cytogenetic screening of a new-born population. AB - Chromosomes were analysed using banding techniques in 1830 consecutively born infants. The prevalence of chromosomal aberrations was 19.67 per 1000, which is higher than figures found in previous cytogenetic surveys using conventional staining (8.34 and 5.75 per 1000 in a Danish and a combined survey, respectively). The use of banding techniques may explain the higher rate of detection of chromosomal variants in the present study. This is illustrated by the findings of 7.10 autosomal inversions per 1000 compared to 0.13 in a combined survey, and Y chromosome inversions of 3.14 compared to 0.26 per 1000. A prevalence of 2.73 balanced reciprocal translocations per 1000 was found, involving chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 9, 11, 13, 16 and 22, which all belong to a group of ten chromosomes with the highest number of spontaneous breaks in the study of Ayme et al. (1976). Fourteen infants were found to have chromosomal mosaicism, and three of them were defined as real mosaics. With the increasing concern about the effect of environmental toxicants, it is of interest to keep a record of aberrant cells in presumably karyotypically normal newborns for possible use in future epidemiological surveys. PMID- 7116676 TI - The dermatoglyphic pattern of the Kabuki make-up syndrome. AB - Dermatoglyphic analyses of 12 patients with the newly recognized Kabuki make-up syndrome revealed a combination of unusual dermatoglyphic patterns. They included frequent fingertip ulnar loop patterns (72%), the absence of digital triradius c or d (25%), an interdigital triradius bc or cd (33%), hypothenar loop patterns (67%), and ulnar loop patterns in the fourth interdigital area (17%). Other unusual findings included persistence of fingertip pads (58%), a single flexion crease of the fourth or fifth finger (25%), and an excess of minor flexion creases of the palm (92%). PMID- 7116677 TI - The Coffin-Lowry syndrome. Experience from four centres. AB - The Coffin-Lowry syndrome is an established syndrome of mental retardation, a characteristic facies and skeletal anomalies. This paper describes 12 cases from eight families and compares their findings with those of previously reported patients. The differential diagnosis is considered. Physical findings and pedigree data strongly support X-linked semi-dominant inheritance. The gene appears widely distributed and, as expected, a significant proportion of cases represent new mutations. We cannot confirm the metacarpal-phalangeal profile or fingertip dermatoglyphics as useful diagnostic aids. Skin biopsy studies from four of our patients gave no evidence for a primary disorder of lysosomes or a degenerative disease. Caution is urged before assuming that such patients will all show intellectual deterioration. PMID- 7116678 TI - Quantitative immunoassays for diagnosis and carrier detection in cystic fibrosis. AB - Quantitative immunoprecipitation and immunoradiometric assays have been developed for a protein present in the serum of cystic fibrosis homozygotes, and to a lesser extent in the serum of heterozygotes. When tested on a panel of sera from 14 cystic fibrosis patients, 29 heterozygotes and 23 controls, the immunoprecipitation assay allowed correct assignments to be made on 94% of occasions with one batch of antiserum and 95% with another. With the same panel of sera, the immunoradiometric assay allowed 94% correct assignments. It is suggested that such accuracy is the maximum that can be expected in the present state of knowledge of cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7116679 TI - Autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease: a second family. AB - An autosomal dominant pattern of transmission has been established for polycystic kidney disease. The degree of cystic involvement of other organs has been variable. The genetic pattern of transmission of polycystic liver disease independent of cystic kidney disease has never been established. We present a second family with polycystic liver disease without kidney disease. The lack of renal cysts is unlikely to be due to variable expressivity and penetrance of the gene for polycystic kidney disease. The liver cysts may be of late onset since none of the proband's four children demonstrate cysts. Alternatively, none of these four individuals may have received the gene for polycystic liver disease from their affected mother. The family described supports an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance for polycystic liver disease. PMID- 7116680 TI - Deletions of the short arm of chromosome 7 without craniosynostosis. PMID- 7116682 TI - Is there an X-linked form of congenital cataracts? PMID- 7116681 TI - Primary gonadal hypoplasia and dysmorphic features in ring chromosome 15 syndrome. PMID- 7116683 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy by radioimmunoassay of myoglobin in amniotic fluid. PMID- 7116685 TI - Antibodies in serum and secretions 1 year after salmonella gastroenteritis. AB - The antibody response in serum and intestinal fluid in eight patients 1 year after their recovery from salmonella gastroenteritis was measured by solid phase radioimmunoassay and compared to the immune response within a few weeks of infection, reported previously in these and other patients. High concentrations of intestinal antibody were found in six patients compared to the concentrations found in 10 control subjects. By contrast the serum antibody concentration in the patients was only marginally higher than in the controls. The use of IgA and IgG specific antisera in the assay confirmed the presence of IgA antibody in the absence of IgG antibody in the gastrointestinal secretions, and the predominance of IgG antibody in the serum. The prolonged immune response in the gut after acute bacterial gastroenteritis supports the possibility of effective immunization against diseases entering via the gut. PMID- 7116684 TI - The nature of the autoantibody response to thyroglobulin in murine strains with high or low susceptibility to the experimental induction of autoimmune thyroiditis. AB - A sensitive three-layer solid phase immunoradiometric assay for estimating thyroglobulin antibodies in different mouse immunoglobulin subclasses was established and applied to study the subclass distribution of these antibodies in strains of mice differing in their susceptibility to the development of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis. Low response could not be ascribed to failure to produce a particular subclass. However, the absolute antibody levels in susceptible strains tended to be much higher, particularly in the IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b classes 2 weeks after immunization. These differences in IgG1 and IgG2a persisted for a further 5 weeks but were less marked in the other subclasses. It would appear that antibody levels may be important in pathogenesis but since mice with high titres of thyroglobulin antibodies do not invariably develop thyroiditis, it is likely that further factors may be involved. PMID- 7116686 TI - H-2b bound to egg lecithin liposomes: biochemical and functional properties. AB - Purified H-2b and H-2a molecules were bound to egg lecithin liposomes by a detergent dialysis procedure. Analysis of the liposomes indicated that only 30 50% of bound H-2b is oriented with the hydrophilic, antigenic portion of the molecule toward the outside of the liposome. Saturation of the liposomes occurred at a ratio of 64 molecules of egg lecithin per molecule of H-2b. Liposomes containing H-2 molecules were capable of stimulating spleen cells from primed donors to produce specific, alloreactive, cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vitro. Stimulation was dependent on adherent cells present in the responder spleen cells. Optimal stimulation occurred with highly saturated liposomes and at a ratio of 4-8 micrograms of H-2b per 8 X 10(6) responder cells. PMID- 7116687 TI - In vitro depression of human lymphocyte mitogen response (phytohaemagglutinin) by asbestos fibres. AB - Asbestosis is a fibrotic lung disease associated with chronic inhalation of asbestos dust. The response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) in asbestosis patients has been reported to be impaired, suggesting a disturbance in the cell-mediated response of chronically exposed individuals. We demonstrated that PHA responses of normal PBM are also depressed when exposed to various forms of asbestos fibres in vitro. Furthermore, we showed the primary effect of the fibres to be on lymphoid (non-adherent) populations rather than monocytes (adherent cells). Exposure as brief as 1 hr affected the subsequent PHA response of the cells. This effect did not appear to involve suppressor cell activation nor was it mediated by soluble factors. Our findings therefore offer an explanation for the alterations in the cellular immune response observed in humans as a result of lymphoid cells coming into transient contact with inhaled asbestos fibres residing in the lung. PMID- 7116688 TI - Rat eosinophil-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity: investigations of the mechanisms of target cell lysis and inhibition by glucocorticoids. AB - Purified eosinophils from the peritoneal washings of N. brasiliensis infected rats demonstrated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) for 51Cr labelled chicken erythrocytes. The F(ab')2 fragment of the antibody did not support cytotoxicity thereby demonstrating the importance of the eosinophil Fc receptor to this activity. Bystander lysis of erythrocytes did not occur, indicating that the eosinophil does not release lytic agents free into the medium. Cytochalasin B (1.25-5 micrograms/ml) colchicine (10(-5)-10(-3) M) and chloroquine (10(-4)-10(-3) M) inhibited eosinophil ADCC. Inhibition was also demonstrated by methylprednisolone, 10(-7)-10(-3) M and this inhibition was blocked by the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide (25 micrograms/ml). Cycloheximide alone had no effect. This block of steroid inhibition by cycloheximide suggests that the steroid effect on this system may be mediated by a newly synthesized protein and implies that the eosinophil may possess a glucocorticoid receptor. PMID- 7116690 TI - Kinetics of interaction of immune complexes with complement receptors on human blood cells: modification of complexes during interaction with red cells. AB - Antigen-antibody complexes, composed of 125I-BSA and guinea-pig or rabbit antibody, were incubated at 37 degrees C with human blood cells suspended in autologous serum and kinetics of binding analysed. When purified polymorphonuclear (PMN) or mononuclear cells (MNC) were studied, maximum binding was observed within 8 min, and immune complexes (IC) remained associated with cells even after 1 hr. When cells were studied unseparated (in the same amount of serum), maximum binding was observed slightly earlier (within 4 min), but within 15 min most of the IC were found in the serum. Separation of cell types at the time of maximal binding and studies with cell preparations depleted of different elements revealed that binding was principally to red blood cells (RBC). IC recovered in the serum 16 min after addition to unseparated cells bound very slowly to purified PMN or MNC; binding after 30 min was 10-15% of that observed with fresh IC at 8 min. Ultracentrifugal analysis revealed that reduction in binding efficiency correlated with decrease in the size of IC. RBC isolated after binding and release of IC bound newly-formed IC was identical rapidity and capacity as fresh RBC, indicating that receptors were not altered by IC. Kinetics studies with serum in the absence of cells suggested that interaction with RBC accelerated the rate of change in binding properties of IC. Rates of binding and release were independent of antigen/antibody ratio but were slowed and binding to RBC sustained when diluted or hypocomplementaemic (SLE) serum was substituted for neat serum. Our results suggest that competition for IC by RBC is associated with loss of ability of IC to bind to other blood cell types and reduction in size of IC, and that abnormalities of complement can lead to prolonged association of IC with RBC. PMID- 7116689 TI - Reversal of immune complex inhibition of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity by normal human serum. AB - The results of this study demonstrate that inhibition of antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by ovalbumin (OA)-IgG anti-OA immune complexes (IC) can be reversed by normal human serum (NHS) or serum from a patient with congenital deficiency of the second component of complement (C2 def-HS) lacking activity of the classical complement (C) pathway. On the other hand, NHS that had been inactivated by heating at 56 degrees C for 30 min (HI-NHS) or NHS depleted of the alternative C pathway activity by absorption with zymosan (Zy-NHS) did not restore the ADCC of IC-blocked PBMC. These results suggest that the alternative pathway of C plays a very important role in the re-establishment of ADCC of PBMC blocked with IC. The recovered activity was susceptible to a new inhibition when re-exposed to IC, demonstrating that the NHS effect depends on the recovery of the functional activity of the receptor for the FC fragment of IgG on PBMC and not on the induction of non-specific cytotoxicity. The ability of NHS to restore the cytolytic potential of IC-inhibited PBMC was dependent on the time of exposure of PBMC to IC before the addition of the unblocking agent (NHS). After prolonged reaction of PBMC with IC, the blocked cells were unable to recover their ADCC activity by incubation with NHS. Unblocking of the Fc receptor of PBMC by C may be a physiological way to prevent permanent impairment of the immune mechanisms that depend on its function in the free state. PMID- 7116691 TI - Different effects of hybridoma monoclonal antibodies against nerve growth factor in neonatal mice. PMID- 7116692 TI - Metabolism of progesterone by human leukocytes. PMID- 7116694 TI - Increased hydrazine excretion associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7116693 TI - Humoral studies of periodontal disease. I. Characterization of immunoglobulins quantitated from cultures of gingival tissue. PMID- 7116695 TI - Anisakis and eosinophil. II. Eosinophilic phlegmon experimentally induced in normal rabbits by parasite-derived eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECF-P). PMID- 7116696 TI - In vivo localization and pathological effects of passively transferred antibodies to type IV collagen and laminin in mice. PMID- 7116697 TI - Effects of anesthesia and operation on the classical pathway of complement activation. PMID- 7116698 TI - Cellular cytotoxicity to herpes simplex virus-infected cells of leukocytes from patients with serious burns. PMID- 7116699 TI - Alteration by protein A of the distribution of immune complexes containing antigen of retrovirus. PMID- 7116701 TI - Juvenile nephronophthisis and medullary cystic disease--the same disease (report of a large family with medullary cystic disease associated with gout and epilepsy). AB - A large family with medullary cystic disease is described to show that juvenile nephronophthisis and medullary cystic disease should not be differentiated by age of onset and type of inheritance. The age at diagnosis of six family members with medullary cystic disease ranged from 4-32 years, and age at death from renal failure or commencement of dialysis from 7-48 years. A mother of two children with renal failure in early childhood has histological evidence of medullary cystic disease with normal renal function. We suggest that juvenile nephronophthisis and medullary cystic disease are the same conditions and that the disease be classified as medullary cystic disease, autosomal dominant or recessive form. When undertaking genetic counselling in the parents of children with medullary cystic disease, we suggest that renal biopsy may need to be considered even if their renal function is normal. Three patients presented with gout, and the possibility of an association with medullary cystic disease should be considered when more than one member of a family develops gout. Two patients died of status epilepticus, and epilepsy is probably an added association of medullary cystic disease. PMID- 7116700 TI - Generation of hydrogen peroxide by human neutrophils: effects of soluble stimuli and requirements for divalent cations. PMID- 7116702 TI - Long-duration submaximal exercise conditioning in hemodialysis patients. AB - Objective changes in exercise tolerance were evaluated in five chronic hemodialysis patients (HD) following a ten week aerobic treadmill exercise conditioning program designed to exercise patients at a level approximating their anaerobic threshold (AT). This exercise conditioning program resulted in a 21% increase in peak oxygen consumption, an increase in test duration from 17.40 +/- 1.26 to 22.60 +/- 0.87 min (P less than 0.025), and an increase in AT from 0.81 +/- 0.08 to 0.97 +/- 0.08 1/min (P less than 0.05). These physiologic changes in exercise tolerance resulted in an overall increase in work capacity permitting the HD patient to perform a larger portion of the imposed work load aerobically. PMID- 7116703 TI - Impaired lymphocyte transformation in minimal change nephropathy in remission. AB - A group of 37 patients with minimal change nephropathy (MCN) in remission for a mean period of 4.9 years (range 0.25-10) and on no current treatment were found to have a lymphocyte response to the mitogen Concanavalin A which was significantly lower than normal (P less than 0.001). This reduction in lymphocyte transformation was mainly due to the 24 patients who had received in addition to steroids a course of cyclophosphamide from 1 to 12 years (mean 6.7 years) previously (P less than 0.005 when compared t normal). Although the lymphocyte response of the remaining group of 13 patients who had not been treated with cyclophosphamide was not significantly lower than normal, there were three whose lymphocyte response to Concanavalin A was below the normal range. Our findings indicate that remission of MCN may be accompanied by a persistence of the abnormal lymphocyte function which is present during the nephrotic phase, and that cyclophosphamide may cause or add to this defect by a long-term effect on lymphocytes. PMID- 7116704 TI - Pressor effects of indomethacin in two anephric patients with chronic hypotension. AB - Two anephric patients with chronic hypotension were treated with indomethacin (150 mg/day). Indomethacin increased supine blood pressures from 63 +/- 4/37 +/- 3 mm Hg (mean +/- SD) to 76 +/- 5/48 +/- 6 mm Hg (patient 1) and 93 +/- 6/47 +/- 6 mm Hg to 112 +/- 8/61 +/- 5 mm Hg (patient 2), P less than .01. Similar changes occurred in standing pressures. The increases in pressures were associated with decreases in blood concentrations of prostaglandins 6-keto-F1 alpha, E2, and F2 alpha, measured by radioimmunoassay. These results suggest that indomethacin may raise blood pressure in certain anephric patients by inhibiting synthesis of extra-renal, vasoactive prostaglandins. Indomethacin may be useful in the treatment of chronic hypotension in anephric patients. PMID- 7116705 TI - Long-term hemodialysis treatment in a patient with sex-linked hypogammaglobulinemia. PMID- 7116706 TI - Asymptomatic myocardial ischemia in patients with stable and typical angina pectoris. PMID- 7116707 TI - Use of end-systolic volume changes with exercise to detect left ventricular dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease. PMID- 7116708 TI - Titrated electrical cardioversion in patients on digoxin. PMID- 7116709 TI - Ventricular septal defect and mitral regurgitation complicating acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7116710 TI - Acute myocardial infarction in patients with normal coronary arteries after acute ethanol intoxication. AB - Three cases are presented where acute myocardial infarction occurred in young individuals after an episode of heavy alcohol intake. Subsequent coronary arteriograms demonstrated normal coronary arteries. Several mechanisms by which acute ethanol intoxication might precipitate myocardial infarction are discussed. To our knowledge, no similar cases have been reported. PMID- 7116711 TI - A cohort study of cervical cancer screening in British Columbia. PMID- 7116712 TI - Prolonged normotension following cessation of therapy in uncomplicated essential hypertension. AB - The blood pressure levels of 17 men and 7 women aged 27-65 years with uncomplicated essential hypertension were studied during and after withdrawal of antihypertensive therapy. Medication during the treatment phase included diuretics alone (13 patients), diuretic-nondiuretic combinations (5 patients), and nondiuretics alone (6 patients). Blood pressures were followed: greater than 48 weeks (with therapy) vs greater than 48 weeks (without therapy). SBP rose significantly (P less than 0.05) after therapy withdrawal but remained, for all but 6 of the 24, within the normotensive range (SBP mean +/- S.D. 125.2 +/- 11.1 mm Hg vs 134.9 +/- 13.3 mm Hg, and erect 87.4 +/- 9.3 mm Hg vs 131.2 +/- 12.0 mm Hg). DBP was unchanged (DBP mean +/- S.D., supine 83.8 +/- 8,0 mm Hg vs 85.2 +/- 6.2 mm Hg, and erect 87.4 +/- 9.3 mm Hg vs 86.7 +/- 6.6 mm Hg, P = 0.174). The blood pressures of 6 patients (25%) rose to levels requiring medication (SBP greater than 140 mm Hg. DBP greater than 95 mm Hg) between weeks 49 and 60. Salt intake was low (less than 100 mmol 24 h-1) and body weight remained stable (mean 75.4 +/- 12.4 kg vs 77.2 +/- 13.0 kg). These observations my indicate a role for intermittent antihypertensive therapy or quantitative reduction of medications, in the control of uncomplicated essential hypertension, provided that careful follow-up is available. PMID- 7116713 TI - When does central cyanosis become detectable? PMID- 7116714 TI - The clinical reasoning of randomly selected physicians in general medical practice. AB - Most formal studies of the clinical reasoning process have been carried out on physicians in the sub-specialties and do not permit generalizations about the nature of the process in the average practising physician. Eighteen family physicians and 19 general internists were randomly selected and assigned to 1 of 4 standardized simulated patient problems in a natural practice setting. Sixty two physician-patient encounters were studied by direct observation, videotape recall, and subsequent analysis of encounter transcripts by the physician. Physicians consistently developed multiple diagnostic hypotheses early in the patient encounter to guide their inquiry in a manner that would allow them to choose the appropriate hypothesis. Their approach was primarily problem-oriented and was not based on a routine inquiry intended to gather a comprehensive body of data as a basis for making subsequent diagnostic decisions. Little variation occurred between different patient problems. The accuracy and promptness of hypothesis generation were seen to play a significant role in the accuracy of diagnostic formulations. The process must be understood by those concerned with teaching and evaluating clinical competence. PMID- 7116715 TI - Radioimmunoassay of basic somatomedin in human plasma and serum: effects of incubation time and temperature, and of anticoagulants. AB - Several different somatomedin radioimmunoassays have been described. This paper reports a study of the effects of various storage conditions and various anticoagulants on the results of one of these assays in plasma and serum. The amount of immunoreactive somatomedin measured in serum increased with the duration and temperature of incubation of the samples before the assay was done. Acidification of the samples, followed by lyophilization and reconstitution, eliminated this variability, enabling measurement of all the immunoreactive somatomedin. Heparin, in association with plasma or serum proteins, artefactually increased the amounts of immunoreactive somatomedin measured. Acidic gel filtration of heparinized plasma prior to the assay similarly enabled measurement of all the immunoreactive somatomedin. PMID- 7116716 TI - A plain man's guide to the proportional hazards model. PMID- 7116717 TI - Recent advances in osteoporosis. Proceedings of a symposium, Bone and Mineral Metabolism Unit and the Program in Human Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada. 25 September 1980. PMID- 7116718 TI - Bone tissue: an overview of structure and function. PMID- 7116720 TI - Non-invasive measurements of bone loss in peripheral bones. PMID- 7116721 TI - In vivo neutron activation analysis. PMID- 7116719 TI - Nutritional factors and estrogen in age-related bone loss. PMID- 7116722 TI - The contribution of bone histology to understanding the pathogenesis and improving the management of osteoporosis. PMID- 7116723 TI - Hormonal control of bone formation in vivo. PMID- 7116724 TI - Treatment of osteoporosis: theoretical possibilities. PMID- 7116725 TI - Management of osteoporosis: nutritional considerations. PMID- 7116727 TI - Report of the New Brunswick Task Force on the Environment and Reye's syndrome. PMID- 7116726 TI - The role of sex hormones and synthetic steroids in prevention of post-menopausal osteoporosis. PMID- 7116728 TI - Serial bone scans in the assessment of response to therapy in advanced breast carcinoma. AB - Twenty-seven patients taking part in an advanced breast cancer trial in Australia and New Zealand were studied to assess the predictive value of serial bone scans as an indicator of response to therapy. The report of serial bone scans in 20 of the 27 patients correctly reflected the clinical outcome. Of the 20 patients, all had an initial subjective response and 15 had an objective response. Of the seven patients whose bone scan report did not reflect the clinical situation, five had increased uptake in known lesions and new lesions and one had increased uptake in known lesions only within six months of commencing therapy. These scan reports indicated progression of disease rather than a healing or "flare" response which was later proved to exist. One patient had clinical progression of bone metastases which was confirmed by x-ray but was not reflected in the bone scan until months later. Clinical progression of disease was accurately reflected in the bone scans of 11 of 12 patients. Recognition that a "'flare" effect in the first months of therapy may also cause new lesions to be seen should enhance the accuracy of bone scintigraphy. PMID- 7116729 TI - Organ survey through digitized imaging: value in detection of a splenic rupture. AB - The rapidly updated display of scintigraphic images processed by a computer system and used for positioning is of high quality and may be used to do a quick survey of an organ. The value of this in a preliminary investigation is illustrated by a case of a patient with a splenic rupture. The information obtained through the preliminary survey contributed significantly to the correct diagnosis. Diagnostic reliability may be improved by inclusion of this procedure in scintigraphic investigations, especially in emergency situations. PMID- 7116730 TI - Cystic lymphangiomatosis: an unusual cause of splenic scintigraphic defects. PMID- 7116731 TI - Kienbock's disease: scintigraphic demonstration in correlation with clinical, radiographic, and pathologic findings. A case report. PMID- 7116732 TI - Bone scintigraphy in childhood idiopathic hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. PMID- 7116733 TI - Ga-67 localization in psoas muscle inflammation. PMID- 7116734 TI - Atlas of pediatric radionuclide lymphography. PMID- 7116735 TI - Western Regional meeting abstracts: Society of Nuclear Medicine. 7th annual meeting, San Diego, California, October 7-10, 1982. PMID- 7116736 TI - beta-blocker plasma concentrations and inflammatory disease: clinical implications. PMID- 7116737 TI - Time-course of transplacental passage of diazepam: Influence of injection delivery interval on neonatal drug concentrations. AB - Neonatal drug concentrations and neonate/mother concentration ratios are reported in 73 cases of elective Caesarean section and forceps deliveries where diazepam was used as an intravenous sleep-inducing agent. The various parameters were plotted against the injection-delivery interval and the correlation was tested using a non-parametric ranking method. The concentration of diazepam in mixed arteriovenous umbilical cord blood was negatively correlated with the injection delivery interval in the range of 55 to 810 seconds. Statistically significant positive correlation (p less than 0.001) were found between the injection delivery interval and the neonatal concentrations at 2 and 24 hours. The corresponding neonate/mother concentration ratios varied considerably, and were not so strongly correlated to the duration of antenatal drug transfer. The results suggest that with a slowly eliminated agent like diazepam, the drug concentration in capillary blood obtained from the newborn a few hours after delivery gives a reasonably good indication of the fetal drug exposure. The transplacental passage of diazepam is rapid, with distribution equilibrium between mother and fetus approached within 5 to 10 minutes after intravenous injection of the drug. PMID- 7116738 TI - Bioavailability, pharmacokinetics and effects of glipizide in type 2 diabetics. AB - The pharmacokinetics of glipizide were studied in 6 type 2 diabetics following single dose intravenous administration of Img, and oral administration of 2.5 mg as a solution, a 2.5 mg tablet and a 5 mg tablet. The serum concentrations of the drug were measured by high pressure liquid chromatography. Glipizide showed a rapid distribution fitting a 2-compartment model. The distribution volume at assumed distribution equilibrium was small (10L), and the elimination half-life was short (2 to 4 hours). Gastrointestinal bioavailability was 100%. In one patient, glipizide absorption from tablets was retarded due to delayed tablet disintegration and drug dissolution. Each dose of glipizide reduced blood glucose levels rapidly in all patients. PMID- 7116739 TI - Gastrointestinal symptoms in Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. Histopathologic finding of ulcerative enteritis with vascular. AB - Gastrointestinal symptoms are often in patients with Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF), particularly early in the course of the illness. However, changes in the gastrointestinal tract have not been reported in a child who has survived. We document vasculitis in the terminal ileum of a child with RMSF who also had radiographic findings consistent with involvement of the entire small bowel. An appreciation for the gastrointestinal manifestations should facilitate a rational approach to their management and prevent a delay in diagnosis. PMID- 7116740 TI - Legal issues in psychological abuse of children. AB - The pediatrician must observe and assess a variety of emotional disorders in children, many of which seem related to adverse parental attitudes and actions. It is important for the pediatrician to appreciate the judicial system's constraints in defining psychological abuse so that, when appropriate, legal interventions can be actively encouraged. Cases most likely to be adjudicated are those in which the caretaker's harmful acts and attitudes can be causally related to measurable emotional damage in the child. Other cases which may be suitable are those in which the parent's actions are patently atrocious or the parents have consistently refused to obtain treatment for a seriously disturbed child. Cases which satisfy these criteria, and some which do not, are presented. PMID- 7116741 TI - Clinical estimation of liver size in the normal neonate. AB - Clinical estimates of liver size and comparative analysis of the clinical techniques of estimating liver size are not available for neonates. Liver span was determined by a pediatrician and pediatric nurse practitioner, in 100 consecutive normal term neonates at 1 and 3 days of life, using four methods. The most reproducible method in estimating liver size in neonates is either (1) percussion of the upper and lower borders of (2) percussion of the upper border and palpation of the lower border. The clinical estimate of liver size in a healthy term neonate is 5.65 cm, with a 95% confidence limit of 4.25 to 7.00 cm. These values provide a basis for comparison during routine examination. PMID- 7116742 TI - A pilot attempt at improving continuity of pediatric care among frequent hospital emergency facility users. PMID- 7116743 TI - Recovery form multiple bites by Vipera Xanthina Palestinae. PMID- 7116744 TI - Efficacy of phototherapy and/or exchange transfusions in neonatal jaundice. AB - In a review of treatment of neonatal jaundice, the authors studied the impact of phototherapy on outcome. From comparing exchange transfusion treatment over a 39 month period prior to the availability of phototherapy to a 39-month period incorporating phototherapy in the treatment regimen, the authors conclude that phototherapy (1) acts slowly but constantly to reduce bilirubin levels and (2) is effective even in severe hemolytic jaundice, but its effectiveness is inversely related to the degree of hemolysis. While phototherapy can never totally replace exchange transfusion, it can certainly reduce the number of transfusions needed. PMID- 7116746 TI - NIH Consensus Development Conference: defined diets and childhood hyperactivity. PMID- 7116745 TI - Pediatric screening of Southeast Asian immigrants. AB - Statistics from the first three months of operation of the Santa Clara County Indochinese Health Screening Clinic were analyzed for prevalence of anemia, parasitism, and exposure to tuberculosis in Southeast Asian children and young adults, ages 9 months to 24 years. Anemia was extremely common in infants up to 5 years of age (35.7%) and decreased to 4.8% in the 15-24 year-old category. Parasitism was not-age-dependent, with an average of 58.8% per cent of those screened exhibiting infestation. Positivity in tuberculin skin testing showed a pattern opposite to that of anemia, with a prevalence of 13 per cent in infants and children, rising to 34 per cent in young adults. Over 90 per cent of the target population was successfully screened. Health problems of Indochinese immigrants may be age-related and are very efficiently and effectively identified by an area-wide screening program. PMID- 7116747 TI - Subcutaneous emphysema associated with Stevens-Johnson syndrome. PMID- 7116748 TI - Glycine encephalopathy in a neonate. Treatment with intravenous strychnine and sodium benzoate. PMID- 7116750 TI - Symposium on fetal monitoring. PMID- 7116749 TI - Transfusion malaria in a premature infant. PMID- 7116751 TI - Contraction stress testing for primary fetal surveillance in patients at high risk for uteroplacental insufficiency. PMID- 7116752 TI - Antepartum determination of fetal health: composite biophysical profile scoring. AB - Antepartum detection, classification, determination of severity, and ultimately treatment of the fetus at risk for death and damage in utero form the very basis of modern perinatal medicine. The availability of accurate methods for assessing the fetus in utero are now becoming available. In extrauterine medicine, assessment of risk is based in part on the patient's activities and response to intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli. In extrauterine medicine, differentiation of normal sleep from coma is made by assessment of multiple biophysical variables and responses. It is most likely that the same principles hold true for differentiating the normal sleeping fetus from the asphyxiated fetus. Biophysical profile scoring offers one method for differentiation. It is likely that incorporation of this principle will improve the quality of perinatal care. PMID- 7116753 TI - Advances on the horizon. PMID- 7116754 TI - New drug development by United States pharmaceutical firms with analyses of trends in the acquisition and origin of drug candidates, 1963-1979. AB - The average number of self-originated new chemical entities (NCEs) first tested in man by 39 United States-owned pharmaceutical firms in the 3-year period from 1977 to 1979 was 26 a year, approximately half the number investigated annually in the previous decade. Investigational New Drug (IND) Exemption filings on self originated NCEs, but not those on acquired NCEs, were also comparatively low. Consequently, the contribution of self-originated NCEs to total IND filings fell from 81% in 1963 through 1975 to 68% in 1976 through 1979. (There was a similar decline, from 78% to 61%, in the proportion of compounds synthesized in the United States.) The relative increase in IND filings on acquired NCEs was greatest for smaller firms. By the late 1970s acquired NCEs accounted for almost 50% of the INDs filed by smaller firms, but only 10% to 25% of those filed by large and medium-sized firms. The importance of NCEs acquired from abroad has increased since the mid-1970s. The number of INDs filed on Japanese-originated NCEs rose from approximately one a year in 1963 through 1975 to an average of 3.5 a year in 1976 through 1979. Initial clinical testing of self-originated drugs abroad, which increased sharply in the early 1970s to reach a peak of 36% in 1976, declined to approximately 21% in 1977 through 1979. Self-originated drugs approved in 1977-1979 spent an average of 6 years in United States clinical testing and 2 in regulatory review, a total of 8 years from IND filing to NDA approval. The percentage of IND filings on self-originated NCEs that received New Drug Application (NDA) approval after 8 years or more was 9% overall, although ultimate success rates will be higher. There was a higher success rate for anti infective drugs (17%) than for other pharmacologic categories (7%). For acquired NCEs, the overall approval rate was much larger (28%). PMID- 7116755 TI - Does cigarette nicotine yield affect puff volume? PMID- 7116756 TI - Effects of pindolol on renal function II. Effects on intravenous and prolonged oral dosing. AB - Effects of intravenous and long-term oral dosing with pindolol on renal function were examined in eight hypertensive patients with reduced renal function. (Inulin clearance ranged from 40.5 to 84.5 ml/min/1.73 m2.) Intravenous pindolol resulted in decreased mean heart rate (74.3 to 67 bpm) and decreased mean inulin clearance (66 to 60.5 ml/min/1.73 m2.) Blood pressure and renal plasma flow did not change significantly. Long-term oral pindolol depressed blood pressure and heart rate, but mean inulin clearance was unchanged and renal blood flow and plasma volume increased. A second intravenous pindolol dose, given while the patients were receiving oral doses, resulted in nonsignificant decreases in glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow, but no change in blood pressure and heart rate. We conclude that prolonged pindolol dosing in patients with reduced renal function had no effect on renal function. When the drug was given intravenously there were small decreases in glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow. PMID- 7116757 TI - Kinetics of the digoxin-aspirin combination. AB - Digoxin interacts kinetically with many drugs in man. These interactions may result in digoxin toxicity. Aspirin has been shown to raise serum digoxin levels in the dog. We evaluated the effect of aspirin on digoxin single-dose kinetics in eight healthy adults. Aspirin induced no change in digoxin total body clearance, volume of distribution, elimination half-life, or renal or creatinine clearance. Trough serum salicylate levels ranged from 93 to 163 microgram/ml. We conclude that no alteration is required in digoxin dosing when aspirin is used. PMID- 7116758 TI - Treatment of severe hypertension with intravenous labetalol. AB - The effectiveness of repeated intravenous injections of labetalol in reducing blood pressure (BP) was evaluated in patients with severe hypertension. The subjects were 10 patients who were 29 to 61 yr old and who had diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 125 mm Hg or higher. Repeated injections titrated from 20 to 80 mg were given at 15-min intervals until there was a reduction in DBP of 30 mm Hg or until 300 mg had been administered. The average reduction of BP ranged from 201 +/- 5/132 +/- 1 to 157 +/- 6/108 +/- 4 mm Hg (mean +/- SEM). Four patients responded with a reduction in DBP of 30 mm Hg or more with total doses of 60 to 220 mg. Of the remaining six who received the full dose, in four there was a 20 to 29 mm Hg reduction in DBP, in one there was a 10 mm Hg fall, and in one there was no reduction. There was a positive correlation between age and response to intravenous labetalol. No severe side effects were encountered. Intravenous labetalol is useful and well tolerated in patients with severe hypertension. PMID- 7116759 TI - Drug-plasma protein binding in Kutchin Athapaskan indians. AB - Free fractions of diazepam (D alpha), warfarin (W alpha), and methadone (M alpha) were measured in plasma obtained from 37 Kutchin Athapaskan Indians. Mean D alpha (3.42%) varied directly with free fatty acid concentration (r = 0.65, P less than 0.001) and was higher than previously found in other groups. These higher levels of fatty acids were associated with lower W alpha (r = -0.43, P = 0.007), and W alpha rose with time after a meal (r = 0.42, P = 0.01) when fatty acids usually fall. Mean W alpha was 0.72% and increased with age (r = 0.47, P = 0.004). In multivariate analysis, age, fatty acids, and time after the last meal together accounted for 42% of intersubject variation in W alpha. W alpha and D alpha were inversely correlated (r = -0.33, P = 0.04), a result of the strong effects of fatty acids in these drugs. In contrast to both D alpha and W alpha, intersubject differences in M alpha correlated inversely with alpha 1-acid glycoprotein concentration (r = -0.50, P = 0.001), but not fatty acids. PMID- 7116760 TI - Disposition and diuretic effect of furosemide in the nephrotic syndrome. AB - Plasma levels and diuretic response were determined in seven healthy subjects and six patients with severe nephrotic syndrome (NS) after 40 mg furosemide (Fu). Mean apparent volume of distribution and distribution volume at steady state of the groups did not differ. Total Fu clearance was higher in NS (251 +/- 54 ml/min) that in healthy subjects (174 +/- 32 ml/min) (P less than 0.01), a difference that correlated with the nonrenal clearance of 56 +/- 28 ml/min in healthy subjects and 154 +/- 45 ml/min in patients with NS (P less than 0.001). Normal beta-elimination half-life of 51 +/- 7.7 min was 37 +/- 6.2 min (P less than 0.001) in NS. Mean normal Fu protein binding pf 98.6 fell to 97.2%, with decreasing plasma albumin levels. After 40 mg IV Fu, sodium and volume excretion decreased in NS (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.005). In patients Na+/Fu excretion rate ratios showed "tubular resistance" to Fu over the time when large amounts of Fu were excreted. The reduced diuretic response to Fu in NS is taken to be mainly a consequence of its impaired renal excretion. PMID- 7116761 TI - Free-base cocaine smoking. AB - Six healthy male, paid subjects smoked 50 mg of free-base cocaine in a specially designed glass pipe under a rigidly controlled smoking protocol. The method of heating the pipe and the temperature that produced the most efficient and consistent vaporization of the drug had been determined experimentally. The psychological and cardiovascular effects of smoking free-base cocaine were recorded. Approximately 26% of th original material was recovered from the pipe after smoking. Simulated smoking experiments in vitro indicated that only 44% of the material not trapped in the pipe was cocaine and that over 90% of this cocaine was delivered during the first four puffs (i.e., during the first 2 min of simulated smoking). These findings indicate that of the original 50 mg of cocaine free base placed in the pipe's bowl, only 32% could have been inhaled (16.3 +/- 0.6 mg). The cocaine free base inhaled induced psychological and cardiovascular effects similar to, or slightly more intense and pleasurable than, the effects of 20 mg of cocaine HCl (18 mg of cocaine base) taken intravenously by the same subjects and also induced a slightly more intense craving for another dose. PMID- 7116762 TI - Blood-brain barrier transfer and cerebral uptake of antiepileptic drugs. AB - The permeability across the blood-brain barrier of phenobarbital, phenytoin, clonazepam, and diazepam was determined in a total of 29 patients with the double indicator dilution method. Cerebral blood flow was measured with the 133Xe intra arterial injection method. The unidirectional extraction (E) of the four drugs was 0.07, 0.11, 0.42, and 0.42, respectively. Permeability surface area products (PS) calculated for the drugs depended on E as well as on the plasma protein binding of the drugs and the cerebral blood flow and was calculated as 0.1, 0.5, 0.5, and 2.6 ml gm-1 min-1, respectively. A mathematic model of cerebral uptake and concentration is presented. The brain concentration of each drug is then calculated for two different states, one with a sudden rise from zero to an arterial concentration, which remains constant, and the other with the arterial concentration, which is achieved after rapid intravenous injection. The cerebral uptake rate of clonazepam and diazepam was much more rapid than that of phenobarbital and phenytoin. After intravenous clonazepam or diazepam injection, half-maximal gray matter concentration is reached about 15 sec after the drug arrives at the brain. PMID- 7116763 TI - Arterial and venous concentrations of phenobarbital, phenytoin, clonazepam, and diazepam after rapid intravenous injections. AB - Arterial and venous concentrations of phenobarbital, phenytoin, clonazepam, and diazepam were followed for 12 hr after a rapid intravenous injection. Initial blood samples were collected at intervals of only 5 sec. The arterial curves were initially much higher and steeper than the venous. For all four drugs the arterial curves could be described as triexponential functions. The initial part of the arterial curves were used in determining the initial supply to and uptake rate in the organs. PMID- 7116764 TI - Factors influencing theophylline serum protein binding. AB - We studied a number of influences on theophylline binding to serum proteins using equilibrium dialysis (37 degrees), a modified Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer (pH 7.4), and 8-14C-theophylline with unlabeled theophylline (30 microgram/ml) added to sera from healthy subjects. Theophylline protein binding rose by 18.6% as pH rose from 7.0 to 7.8 (percent theophylline bound = 28.2 +/- 4.3 at pH 7.0 and 46.8 +/- 4.9 at pH 7.8, n = 5). Average theophylline binding to the proteins at 37 degrees in serum samples from 10 normal adults was 39.3 +/- 3.44%, which is 89.9% lower than the average of 48.2 +/- 3.74% for the same samples at 26 degrees. Theophylline binding was 6.1% higher with 0.1 mole/l phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, than with a modified Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer, pH 7.4. Of the 19 drugs and metabolites tested for competition with theophylline for binding sites on serum proteins, 10 induced decreases in binding ranging from 6.8% in the case of furosemide to 18.3% for sodium salicylate. The latter was the only drug that induced a decrease in theophylline binding at concentrations that would be achieved in the therapy of same patients (i.e., patients on long-term salicylate therapy). All the other drugs that decreased theophylline binding did so at much greater concentrations than their usual therapeutic levels. The mean +/- SD of theophylline bound in 51 fresh serum samples from healthy adults was 48.6 +/- 10.2%; the pH of these specimens varied from 7.6 to 8.7. After adjusting pH to 7.4, theophylline binding was lowered to 37.6 +/- 4.5% and intersubject variability decreased. We recommend that the pH of serum specimens be adjusted to 7.4, or to the original pH of the blood specimen if it differs significantly from 7.4 (i.e., in acidotic or alkalotic patients). The wide range of reported values for theophylline binding to serum proteins in normal and asthmatic adults at least partly results from differences in the conditions used for the separation of free from bound drug. PMID- 7116765 TI - Hemodynamic responses of trazodone and imipramine. AB - The hemodynamic effects of trazodone (150 mg) and imipramine (75 mg) were examined in eight healthy subjects. Trazodone significantly increased left ventricular ejection time 1 (LVETI), but decreased both preejection period (PEP) and PEP/LVET ratio. It also decreased heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure at 90 min after dosing. Imipramine initially increased total electromechanical systole I (QS2I) and PEP (30 min, P less than 0.01), but at 150 and 180 min after dosing QS2I was significantly lower. Imipramine increased diastolic blood pressure at 30 min (P less than 0.05) and increased systolic blood pressure between 90 and 180 min (P less than 0.05). At 30 and 60 min heart rate was significantly depressed by imipramine. There were no significant changes in the values of stroke volume and cardiac output. These results suggest that trazodone has its major effect on the circulation through its alpha-receptor blocking activity, whereas the effects of imipramine are probably mediated through its ability to block reuptake of norepinephrine. PMID- 7116766 TI - Relationship between concentration and anticoagulant effect of heparin in plasma of hospitalized patients: magnitude and predictability of interindividual differences. AB - The anticoagulant effect of heparin as reflected by the slope (S) of the relationship between heparin concentration and natural log of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was determined in citrated plasma of 31 hospitalized, 21- to 80-yr-old patients (including many typical candidates for heparin therapy). Also determined were level of factors II, V, VII to XII, albumin, individual globulins, calcium, antithrombin III, fibrinogen, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and alpha-2-macroglobulin and prothrombin time and hematocrit. Baseline APTT was 24.1 to 60.3 sec and S was 1.80 to 4.27 ml/u. S correlated with baseline APTT, hematocrit, total protein, functional antithrombin III, prothrombin time, beta-globulin, and factors II, VII, X, XI, and XII. A multiple linear regression equation with baseline APTT, total protein concentration, and factor XI as independent variables was "best" for predicting the S of these patients (r = 0.807, P less than 0.0001). A multiple linear regression equation with baseline APTT and hematocrit as independent variables, obtained in a previous study on healthy subjects, overpredicted the patients' S values. An equation with baseline APTT and gamma-globulins as independent variables yielded the best correlation predicted and actual S values for the combined group of patients and normal subjects (r = 0.715, P less than 0.0001). Our observations indicate that it may be possible to predict the heparin concentration-anticoagulant effect (APTT) relationship for individual patients before institution of heparin therapy. PMID- 7116767 TI - Analgesic effects of oral nalbuphine and codeine in patients with postoperative pain. AB - Efficacy and safety of oral nalbuphine in doses of 15 and 45 mg were compared with those of the standard oral analgesic codeine in single doses of 30 and 90 mg in 153 patients with acute postoperative pain; data on 20 more patients were excluded because they received potentially interfering medications. All patients had pain ranging from moderate to severe in intensity and most had severe pain related to orthopedic procedures or trauma. Estimates of relative potency showed that nalbuphine was three times as potent as codeine. The most common side effect was sedation, which was greatest in patients who received the higher doses of codeine and nalbuphine. The effects of oral nalbuphine are much like those of oral codeine in patients with acute postoperative pain. PMID- 7116768 TI - Effect of rifampicin and isoniazid on vitamin D metabolism. AB - Rifampicin, 600 mg, and isoniazid, 300 mg daily for 14 days, reduced circulating levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD) and 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxy vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) by 34% (P less than 0.01) and 23% (P less than 0.05) in eight healthy subjects. This was accompanied by a rise in parathyroid hormone (PTH) of 57% (P less than 0.01), but not by a fall in serum calcium or phosphate levels. There was induction of endogenous cortisol oxidation in all subjects, but only in four fast acetylators was there a concomitant increase in antipyrine elimination. In the four slow acetylators antipyrine metabolism was inhibited after the first dose of the drugs. In nine tuberculous patients followed serially there was a fall in 25-OHD and 1,25 (OD)2D and a rise in PTH at the end of 1 mo (P less than 0.05). After 6 mo therapy 25-OHD concentration was further reduced (P less than 0.01), but there was no significant change in 1,25 (OH)2D or PTH levels. Combination treatment with rifampicin and isoniazid perturbs vitamin D metabolism, but less than might have been predicted from reports on each drug given alone. Nevertheless, tuberculous patients with already compromised calcium homeostasis receiving this combination of drugs should be carefully monitored. PMID- 7116769 TI - Absorption of controlled-release iron. AB - A multiple-dose double radioiron technic was used to compare absorption of iron administered as a controlled release (CR) capsule and as an elixir; both formulations contained 50 mg elemental iron as ferrous sulfate. When taken by normal subjects in the fasting state, mean absorption from the elixir and CR capsule averaged 4.92% and 4.38%, which gave a CR capsule:elixir ratio of 0.89. This difference was not significant, but when taken with meals that inhibit absorption of dietary iron by different degrees, absorption of the CR formulation was superior. CR capsule:elixir absorption ratios averaged 1.70 from a meal that is mildly inhibitory and 3.13 from a meal that causes more marked inhibition. It is concluded that CR iron formulations may offer a therapeutic advantage to patients who take oral iron with meals to avoid gastrointestinal side effects. PMID- 7116770 TI - Measurement and management of carcinoma of the breast. PMID- 7116771 TI - Upper gastrointestinal barium studies in the elderly: follow-up in 101 patients. AB - A A retrospective study of 101 elderly patients who were referred for upper gastrointestinal barium studies showed that this led to a change of management in 36 patients. The commonest management change was endoscopic referral (10 patients). However, in only on patient did this sequence lead to surgery and this was merely palliative. Dysphagia, vomiting and weight loss were shown to be the presenting features most likely to result in an abnormal barium study. The most frequently detected abnormalities were hiatus hernia, reflux, oesophageal stricture, peptic ulcer and gastric carcinoma. PMID- 7116772 TI - Excavated tumours of the gut. PMID- 7116773 TI - The barium enema diagnosis of penicillin associated colitis. PMID- 7116774 TI - Post-exploratory operative cholangiography: is it a useful technique to check clearance of the common bile duct? AB - The films of 37 consecutive post-exploratory operative cholangiograms were reviewed. Approximately half of the cases showed obstruction to contrast flow into the duodenum, but there was no relationship between obstruction and retained calculi. The obstruction probably occurs proximal to the ampulla at the choledochal sphincter. In only one case was a stone found that would otherwise have been missed by the omission of a post-exploratory film from the operative cholangiogram. In the six cases in which stones were missed, the post-exploratory operative cholangiogram was misleading. It is suggested that the post-exploratory operative cholangiogram is not a reliable way of checking common bile duct clearance prior to closure of the abdominal wound. PMID- 7116775 TI - Hyperechoic amoebic liver abscesses: an unusual ultrasonic appearance. PMID- 7116776 TI - Wegener's granulomatosis: a radiological review of the pulmonary manifestations at initial presentation and during relapse. PMID- 7116777 TI - Compensatory emphysema shown by computed tomography. PMID- 7116778 TI - Control of severe vesical haemorrhage by therapeutic embolisation. AB - Therapeutic embolisation is now recognised as having a role in the management of bladder haemorrhage and is particularly valuable in severe cases where the patient's life is at risk. This paper describes the procedures which were used to manage two patients with massive haematuria, from a tumour in one case and from an arterial malformation in the other. Previous reports indicate that haemorrhage from a bladder tumour can usually be controlled by embolisation which is limited to the tumour itself but haemorrhage due to post-radiation telangiectasis requires more extensive arterial occlusion and this was taken into account in planning the embolisation procedure in the first case. Neither patient developed gluteal pain after embolisation which was probably due to the fact that the superior gluteal arteries were not completely occluded. The left axillary approach was used as a catheter passing down the aorta can usually be manipulated into the internal iliac arteries and their smaller branches on both sides without difficulty. PMID- 7116779 TI - Phlebography in the salage of dialysis fistulae. AB - Provision of long-term satisfactory vascular access for haemodialysis is an increasing problem. The functional life of an arteriovenous fistula can be greatly extended by an active salvage policy to which radiology makes an invaluable contribution. Forty-seven consecutive patients with vascular access problems were studied, 11 undergoing forearm phlebography and 36 phlebography of a malfunctioning fistula. Of the 11 patients with forearm phlebograms, only one patient had a fistula constructed that was not used for dialysis, despite demonstration of a patent forearm venous system; and in three patients operation was avoided after demonstration of inadequate veins. Only three of the 36 fistulograms failed to give useful information, whereas in seven patients operation was avoided by demonstration of a normal fistulogram. PMID- 7116780 TI - Radionuclide and contrast venography following caval interruption by the Mobin Uddin umbrella filter. AB - Either radionuclide or contrast venography, or both, were performed in nine patients 2 months to 4 years after insertion of Mobin-Uddin caval umbrella filter for prevention of recurrent pulmonary embolism. In six patients the cava was occluded, and three major groups of collaterals were observed (central, intermediate and superficial). Large gonadal veins, which may predispose to recurrent embolism, were seen in two cases. Radionuclide venography gave a clear indication of caval patency or occlusion, and distinguished central from superficial collaterals. Identification of specific gonadal veins required contrast femoral or iliac venography. PMID- 7116781 TI - Ultrasonic patterns in vitreo-retinal disease. AB - The reliability of diagnostic ultrasound in the assessment of vitreo-retinal disease was studied using an all-purpose ultrasonic machine. Five vitreous echo patterns are described, two representing retinal detachment, two demonstrating the features of vitreous membranes (condensation of vitreous tissue) and one typical of simple vitreous haemorrhage. Retinal detachment was correctly diagnosed in over 95% of cases and simple vitreous haemorrhage in 100% of cases. The diagnostic accuracy rate for vitreous membranes was 80--90%. The most frequent source of error arose in the differentiation of localised areas of retinal detachment from fixed dense sheets of preretinal (vitreous) tissue. PMID- 7116782 TI - Measurements of myofibrillar protein breakdown in newborn human infants. AB - 1. Myofibrillar protein breakdown was calculated from the urinary excretion ratio of NT- methylhistidine (3-methylhistidine) to creatinine in newborn premature and full-term infants. Representative values were obtained from single voidings provided that the infant's metabolic status was stable. 2. NT- Methylhistidine in infant urine was measured by a rapid Auto Analyser method and shown to give similar values to those obtained by ion-exchange separation techniques. 3. The molar excretion ratio of NR- methylhistidine to creatinine averaged 0.0159 in urine samples obtained within 12 h after birth. A similar ratio was found in amniotic fluid collected at birth. It is argued that this ratio does not reflect a low rate of myofibrillar protein breakdown in the foetus, but rather a more effective transplacental passage of NT- methylhistidine than of creatinine. 4. The urinary ratio increased during the first 2 days after birth to a plateau at 0.0372. This represents a myofibrillar protein degradation rate of 3.40% day-1 in full-term infants. 5. The molar excretion ratio during the period 40-120 h after birth increased in premature infants and reflects a fractional degradation rate of 5.34% day-1 in those infants weighting less than 1 kg at birth. 6. Lower excretion ratios were found in some infants of diabetic mothers and in athyroid infants. 7. The urinary excretion ratio of NT-methylhistidine to creatinine is presented as a useful method for evaluating the breakdown rate of myofibrillar protein in neonates and can be applied to a number of abnormal nutritional or hormonal states. PMID- 7116783 TI - Purine synthesis de novo in lymphocytes from patients with gout. AB - 1. Variables that affect the measurement of purine synthesis de novo in human lymphocytes were studied and a reliable method of measurement of purine synthetic activity in these cells was established. 2. Purine synthesis de novo was measured as the rate of incorporation of [14C] formate into alpha-N-formylglycinamide ribonucleotide when further steps in the biosynthetic pathway had been blocked by azaserine. Incubation was carried out in a synthetic medium with a high phosphate concentration (25 mmol/l). 3. Purine synthesis de novo was measured in lymphocytes obtained on several occasions both from control subjects and from patients with gout, particularly those who tended to overproduce urate as suggested by high values of urinary urate. 4. Lymphocytes obtained from each individual on different occasions showed considerable variations in purine biosynthetic activity. This variation was such that there was no difference between the mean values obtained for the gouty subjects and the control subjects. 5. No correlation was obtained between the mean purine synthetic activity de novo in lymphocytes and either the serum urate concentration or the 24 h urinary urate excretion on a purine-free diet. 6 Apart from those with recognized enzyme mutations, no subgroup of the gouty population has been demonstrated in whom isolated lymphocytes demonstrate an intrinsic abnormality of purine synthesis de novo. PMID- 7116784 TI - Assessment of glucose turnover in normal man with the use of a non-radioactive isotopically labelled preparation, [6,6-2H]glucose, as tracer. AB - 1. Glucose kinetics were assessed in seven normal adult male subjects by an intravenous bolus technique with the use of a non-radioactive isotopically labelled preparation, [6,6-2H]glucose, as tracer. Tracer enrichment in plasma was assessed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. For comparison five subjects also received a simultaneous intravenous bolus of [6-3H]glucose and kinetics were assessed by conventional means. 2. Administration of [6,6-2H]glucose did not alter circulating glucose or insulin concentrations. 3. Glucose turnover, assessed by the use of [6,6-2H]glucose, was 11.4 (+/- 0.9) micromol min-1 kg-1 and 11.6 (+/- 0.5) micromol min-1 kg-1 with rate of glucose was 2.3 (+/- 0.3) ml min-1 kg-1 with both isotopically labelled tracers. Estimates of mean residence time, glucose pool and glucose space were also similar by each technique. 4. [6,6 2H]Glucose is therefore an effective tracer and allows investigation of glucose kinetics without administration of a radioactive label. PMID- 7116785 TI - Effects of temperature and humidity of inhaled air on the concentration of ethanol in a man's exhaled breath. PMID- 7116786 TI - Liver coenzyme A ester content: comparison between Reye's syndrome and control subjects. PMID- 7116787 TI - Breathing pattern during and after smoking cigarettes. PMID- 7116788 TI - Computer assisted M-mode echocardiogram analysis. AB - An analysis system has been developed to aid the quantitative interpretation of echocardiograms. A small and relatively inexpensive desk-top computer, which requires no modification is used. The analysis system enables a variety of complex continuous measurements to be made. The include left ventricular dimension changes, velocities and "work" diagrams. Using the digitiser in the system, a series of options in the operating program allow the analysis steps to be tailored to specific clinical or research requirements. Analysed waveforms can be output singly or superimposed to allow physiological and measurement variabilities to be studied. The system is now being used in several hospitals, and all report favourably on its flexibility and ease of use. PMID- 7116789 TI - In vitro evaluation of prosthetic heart valves: anomalies and limitations. AB - The in vitro evaluation of fifteen commercially available prosthetic heart valves is described. The group comprised both mechanical and bioprosthetic valves. The experimental studies were carried out in a steady flow circuit which included a flexible valve test section, the geometry of which was modelled on the aortic anatomy. The fluidic performance of the valves was examined over a range of flows and in particular, the phenomenon of "pressure recovery" distal to the valve was studied in depth. A number of theoretical parameters which might be used to define valve performance were evaluated but none was found to be ideal. The conclusions of the study emphasise the limitations of such in vitro testing and the danger of extrapolating such experimental data to the possible valve performance in vivo. PMID- 7116790 TI - Breath-by-breath radioabsorptiometric assay of stable xenon in expired air. PMID- 7116791 TI - Clinical application of measurements of body composition. PMID- 7116793 TI - Congenital factor VII deficiency. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of a newly discovered kindred. AB - Four generations of a newly discovered kindred suffering from congenital factor VII deficiency have been studied. The abnormality was transmitted as an autosomal recessive character and resulted in homozygotes with less than 1% factor VII procoagulant activity. Antibody neutralization tests using a monospecific rabbit anti-human factor VII antibody demonstrated the presence of factor VII antigen in excess of factor VII procoagulant activity. The disorder has therefore resulted from the presence of a functionally abnormal factor VII molecule and not from a true deficiency of this factor. When the plasmas from the homozygotes were tested in the prothrombin time test using human, rabbit and ox tissue thromboplastins, a progressive diminution in the ability of these reagents to detect the factor VII procoagulant deficiency was observed. These differences were however small and the complete insensitivity of ox brain thromboplastins that characterizes the factor VII Padua abnormality was not observed. PMID- 7116792 TI - Treatment of venous thrombosis in antithrombin III deficient patients with concentrates of antithrombin III. AB - Two patients with familial antithrombin III deficiency developed deep venous thrombosis of the lower limb. The diagnosis of venous thrombosis was made by the indium labelled platelet technique which also allowed for the daily assessment of thrombus size. Each patient received treatment with Warfarin, subcutaneous heparin, and infusions of antithrombin III concentrates. The authors conclude that infusions of antithrombin III concentrates may be of value in limiting the extent of acute thrombosis in patients with a severe deficiency of this protein and may help prevent pulmonary embolism. The haemorrhagic risk of continuing modest doses of heparin with high dose ATIII therapy appears small. In addition to its value in the diagnosis of venous thrombosis the indium platelet technique may give an early indication of thrombus extension and may thus indicate the effectiveness of treatment. PMID- 7116794 TI - Characterization of circulating immune complexes by nephelometry in acute leukaemia. PMID- 7116795 TI - Quantitative aspects of red cell size variation during pregnancy. AB - Red cell volume distribution curves may be readily obtained using electronic cell counters, and the proportion of cells that deviate from the normal population may be determined. In this study, we report the results of red cell volume distribution analyses in pregnant and non-pregnant females. The relationship between red cell volume distribution and other red cell indices is also studied. Statistical analysis showed good correlation between various Channelyzer parameters and red cell indices including Hb, RCC, MCV, MCH, and MCHC. A significant proportion of pregnant patients showed abnormal red cell volume distribution curves particularly in the latter half of pregnancy. During the latter half of pregnancy there was an increased proportion of microcytic cells in 8% of patients and evidence for macrocytosis was found in 67% of patients. In general there was good correlation between stages of gestation and Channelyzer parameters associated with macrocytosis. It is suggested that analysis of red cell size, which may be simply performed with minimal quantities of blood and inconvenience using the Channelyzer, could give insight into those conditions associated with variation in red cell size including iron deficiency and folate deficiency in pregnancy and it is conceivable that repeated estimations of these parameters could obviate the need for blanket administration of haematinics to the pregnant patient. PMID- 7116796 TI - The UK national external quality assessment scheme in blood group serology. Compatibility testing 1979-1980: trends and performance in relation to practice in antiglobulin testing. AB - Surveys of antiglobulin test procedures and reagents were undertaken in 1979-1980 as part of a national external quality assessment scheme in compatibility testing. An extraordinary lack of standardization was revealed. In addition, practices underwent considerable changes over this period. The use of tube and of low ionic strength solution (LISS) techniques increased whilst the use of tile and of albumin-antiglobulin techniques declined. Performance in compatibility test exercises was significantly better with tube techniques than with tile techniques in 9/22 incompatibilities. Performance with LISS techniques was occasionally significantly better than with normal ionic strength techniques. Performance with albumin-antiglobulin techniques was occasionally significantly worse than in the absence of albumin. To varying extents significant relationships were found between performance and cell concentration, serum/cell concentration ratio, antiglobulin reagent and method of reading the results. PMID- 7116797 TI - A comparison of the Wintrobe, the Westergren and the ZSR erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) methods to a candidate reference method. PMID- 7116798 TI - Maintenance control of oral anticoagulant therapy by an automated chromogenic substrate assay of factor X. AB - An amidolytic assay of factor X based on the new chromogenic peptide substrate S 2337 (Kabi Diagnostica) was adapted for use with the Kem-o-Mat (Coulter Electronics) automated substrate analyser. Factor X was assayed in 25 healthy controls and in 375 patients on Warfarin therapy. The results in the control group correlated well with a one stage coagulation factor X assay. A good correlation was also found when the S 2337 factor X assay was compared with Thrombotest (Nyegaard & Co.) results in the patients. From the regression line of the S 2337 factor X assay on the Thrombotest results, the comparable range for factor X amidolytic activity in well controlled anticoagulated patients was found to be 22.5-37.5% with this method. Concordant classification of patients by both tests according to proposed therapeutic ranges demonstrated fully concordant information in 76% and fully discordant information in none. This study demonstrates that chromogenic substrate assays for anticoagulant control can be readily automated. Amidolytic assays of factor X based on the S 2337 substrate, therefore, warrant further clinical investigation as a potential method for controlling maintenance oral anticoagulant therapy. PMID- 7116799 TI - An assessment of the Ortho ELT-8. AB - The Ortho ELT-8 is an automated blood counter which appears to be safe, precise and free from carry-over. Red and white cell results generally agree with those on the Coulter Counter, Model S, though discrepancies were noted with the WBC and PCV. Reference methods showed the Model S WBC results tended to be inaccurate on the discrepant samples though neither instrument was predominantly responsible for the PCV discrepancies. The ELT-8 platelet count tended to be higher than with the Thrombocounter/Thrombofuge system. When packed cells were diluted in autologous plasma serious variations in the red cell indices (MCV, MCH & MCHC) were first found due to incorrect voltage-frequency converter setting. Even after this setting had been corrected some variations in the MCH and MCHC were still apparent. In the UK National External Quality Assessment Scheme the ELT-8 results on animal bloods did not agree with those produced by Model S users; this discrepancy probably being due to differences between the light-scattering and aperture-impedance technology. PMID- 7116800 TI - Haemolytic disease of the newborn due to a new red cell antigen 'Pollio'. PMID- 7116801 TI - Symposium on respiratory infections. PMID- 7116802 TI - Invasive techniques for the diagnosis of respiratory infections. PMID- 7116803 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7116804 TI - Calcium ion blocking drugs. PMID- 7116805 TI - Noninvasive cardiac imaging: echocardiography. PMID- 7116807 TI - Atheromatous embolic disease. PMID- 7116806 TI - Congestive cardiomyopathy: therapeutic approach. PMID- 7116808 TI - Characterization of a mannosyl-lipid compound of microsomal fractions of rat pancreas and influence of diet. AB - 1. High-starch diet induces an activation of rat pancreatic microsomal mannosyl transferase activity as compared with a standard diet or a high-fat diet. 2. This increase is found in a mannose-containing lipid which is identified as a dolichyl phosphoryl-mannose on the criteria of DEAE-cellulose chromatography, alkaline and acid hydrolysis, thin-layer chromatography and identity of this endogenous product with the [14C]mannose-containing product synthesized in presence of exogenous dolichyl-monophosphate added to the incubation medium. 3. Kinetic parameters (Km and Vmax) of the enzyme versus polyprenic acceptor are not modified by the diet. 4. The results indicate that the activation of the mannose transfer is principally due to an increase of the polyprenic endogenous acceptor by the high-starch diet. PMID- 7116809 TI - Protein synthesis in vitro by epaxial muscle polyribosomes from cod, gadus morhua. AB - 1. Ribosomes were isolated from epaxial muscle of cod (Godus morhua). 2. Incorporation of amino acids into protein was determined in systems containing liver cell sap from rat or rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri R.). Maximal rates were at 35 degrees and 28 degrees C, respectively. The optimum pH was between 7.5 and 8.0. 3. Ribosomes isolated from muscle stored at -80 degrees C between 1 and 14 days retained 86% of the activity of ribosomes from fresh tissue. 4. Starvation of fish for 10 days reduced amino acid incorporating activity of isolated ribosomes to 15-20%. 5. All ribosome preparations used in the experiments were analysed by sucrose density gradient centrifugations. PMID- 7116810 TI - Fatty acid accretion during perinatal brain growth in the pig. A model for fatty acid accretion in human brain. AB - 1. Brain fatty acid composition in the fetal, full term and postnatal piglet was analyzed. 2. Changes in fatty acid content of developing pig brain parallel those found in the human. 3. Total fatty acids per gram of brain increase with post conceptional age. 4. Brain concentration of long chain derivatives of essential fatty acids, c18:2omega6 and c18:3omega3 increase during gestation while levels of shorter chain precursors (c18:2omega6 and c18:3omega3) remain low. 5. The results indicate that the developing piglet is an appropriate model, analogous to the human, for studies of changes in brain fatty acid content during neural development throughout the perinatal period. PMID- 7116811 TI - Adaptative features of ectothermic enzymes. III--Studies on phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) from five species of tropical fishes of the superorder Ostariophysi. AB - 1. The electrokinetic and thermostability properties of phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) in five species of tropical fish (Ostariophysi)-Leporinus friderici, L. silverstrii, Schizodon nasuttus, Hypostomus sp and Pimelodus maculatus--have been studied in order to study the adaptative nature of protein heterogeneity found in ectotherms. 2. Unlike most diploid fishes, the PGI of these species seemed to be encoded by three, four or five loci. 3. The subunits encoded by these loci occurred at different levels in the different tissues and organs analyzed. 4. Genetic variants at the three PGI loci were detected in two species of the family Anostomidae (L. friderici and S. nasuttus). In the family Pimelodidae, P. Maculatus showed a genetic variant as the Pgi-1 locus. 5. The product of these loci could be separated in three PGI regions based on their electrophoretic mobility, tissue distribution and thermostability properties. 6. The more anodal region (including isozymes and allozymes) was more thermolabile then the less anodal one, which is predominant in a single tissue-skeletal muscle. PMID- 7116812 TI - Heterogeneous nature of alkaline phosphatase from rat liver. AB - 1. Alkaline phosphatase from rat liver was separated into tow components by gel filtration. 2. Both components had the same temperature and pH optima, were inhibited by high concentrations of urea and had the same activity towards hydrolysis of phenyl disodium phosphate and p-nitrophenyl phosphate. 3. They differed in electrophoretic mobility, sensitivity to inactivation by heat and digestion by neuraminidase, response to low concentrations of urea, and catalytic activity with sodium pyrophosphate and sodium phytate. PMID- 7116813 TI - Purification, characterization, and comparison of extracellular hemoglobins in coelomic fluid and blood vessel plasma of Travisia japonica (Polychaeta, Annelid). AB - 1. Two kinds of extracellular gigantic hemoglobins in blood vessel plasma and in coelomic fluid of Travisia japonica (polychaeta, annelid) were purified. 2. Their properties including electron microscopic observation, gel filtration, amino acid analysis, SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and immunological properties were studied and compared. No significant difference was found between them. 3. They had a mol. wt of ca. 3 X 10(6) and a shape consisting of 12 subunits with a mol. wt of ca. 2.4 X 10(5) arranged in two superimposed hexagonal rings with a diameter of 22-25 nm and a thickness of 15-16 nm, as for other annelid gigantic hemoglobins described in the literatures. PMID- 7116814 TI - Distribution of mucosal macromolecular glycoproteins in rat stomach. AB - 1. The mucosal macromolecular glycoproteins were extracted from forestomach, corpus and antrum region of rat whose weight ratio was 2:5:1, respectively. 2. The glycoproteins were fractionated on Bio-Gel A-1.5 m. 96% of the glycoproteins was localized in glandular stomach. 3. The carbohydrate of the glycoproteins composed of N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylglucosamine, galactose, fucose and sialic acid in the proportions 1.0:2.7:3.2:1.0:0.14 for corpus, while 1.0:1.4:1.5:0.7:0.04 for antrum. PMID- 7116815 TI - Aconitase from the oyster Crassostrea virginica. AB - 1. The presence of aconitase activity in the oyster. Crassostrea virginica, has been demonstrated. 2. Low levels of activity were found in the different tissues with highest level in digestive diverticular and lowest level in muscle. 3. The conversion of both citrate and iso-citrate to cis-aconitate suggests the presence of an enzyme system capable of utilizing these compounds at a slow but demonstrable rate to give classically expected results. 4. Comparison of the oyster enzyme with aconitase from mammalian tissue indicated great similarity between the two enzyme systems. PMID- 7116816 TI - Partial purification and characterization of an alkaline phosphatase in Helix nemoralis and in Octopus vulgaris. AB - 1. Alkaline phosphatase (AP) present in the liver of Helix nemoralis and of Octopus vulgaris; enzyme was purified by homogenization, ultracentrifugation, n butanol treatment, acetone fractionation and Sephadex G-200 chromatography. 2. The two enzymes show a similar enzyme-substrate affinity, but differ in several properties (molecular weight, electrophoretic mobility, optimum pH, substrate inhibition); a possible correlation of them with different evolutionary adaptations is suggested. 3. Possible roles of AP in Mollusca are discussed. PMID- 7116818 TI - KIRON: a computer system and a methodology applicable to the study of erythroid disorders. PMID- 7116817 TI - A population-based model of respiratory cancer incidence, progression, diagnosis, treatment, and mortality. PMID- 7116819 TI - Variability of radionuclide clearance parameter estimates. PMID- 7116820 TI - Demonstration of protruded lumbar discs by density plotting of the vertebral canal (computer-assisted vertebral canalogram--C.V.C.). Report of 10 cases. PMID- 7116821 TI - Computerized tomography in infarctions of the vertebral-basilar system. PMID- 7116822 TI - Cerebellar infarction--clinical and computed tomographic correlations. AB - Fifteen patients with CT evidence of cerebellar infarction were analyzed. In 10 patients, there were premonitory symptoms. In all cases, development to maximal neurological deficit occurred within 4 hr. All patients presented with gait disorder, and they had cerebellar abnormalities on examination. Eight of the 15 had accompanying findings consistent with brain stem dysfunction. CT showed a hypodense lesion which was either wedge, rectangular or ovoid shaped. Only 3 had evidence of fourth ventricular compression with accompanying third and lateral ventricular enlargement. No patient required surgery and all patients survived with good functional recovery. PMID- 7116823 TI - Clinical and computed tomographic findings in thrombosed and cryptic cerebrovascular malformations. AB - Ten patients with angiographically occult or thrombosed cerebrovascular malformations were analyzed. Seven patients initially presented with an episode of intracranial hemorrhage; three others presented with a seizure disorder. CT showed hyperdense (9) or isodense (1) lesion; the hyperdense portion was proven to be hematoma in 3. Enhancement was seen in 6 cases and was absent in 4. Angiography showed either avascular mass (7) or was normal (3). In 2 cases, angiographic studies showed non-visualization of abnormal vessels on repeat study. In a review of 200 cases of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, nine young patients had CT evidence of an acute hematoma but no angiographic or pathological evidence of abnormal vessels; and it was postulated that these represented cryptic vascular malformations or aneurysms. The clinical prognosis for both the angiographically occult (thrombosed) or cryptic cerebrovascular malformations was better than reported in previous studies. PMID- 7116824 TI - Computed tomography in ethmoid cell trauma. AB - Clinical and radiological evaluation of 19 patients with injury to the ethmoid bones following cranio-facial trauma is presented. The correlation of ethmoid trauma and damage to neighbouring structures is discussed. Two cases with damage to the orbits are demonstrated. These findings indicate that orbital involvement is relatively infrequent in association with ethmoid cell trauma. However, when it does occur, severe complications, such as infection and loss of vision may result. Early evaluation by computed tomography is the key to accurate diagnosis and prevention of these complications. Computed tomography is of inestimable value in the detection of minute and subtle bone fragmentation and sequelae. PMID- 7116825 TI - Should the term "thought disorder" be revised? PMID- 7116826 TI - Attention deficit disorders persisting in adulthood: a review. PMID- 7116827 TI - A transatlantic view of the diagnosis of depressions according to the DSM III: I. Controversies and misunderstandings in depression diagnosis. PMID- 7116828 TI - A transatlantic view of the diagnosis of depressions according to the DSM III: II. Did the DSM III solve the problem of depression diagnosis? PMID- 7116829 TI - Biologically derived depression and the dexamethasone suppression test. PMID- 7116830 TI - Subjective incompetence, the clinical hallmark of demoralization. PMID- 7116831 TI - The measurement of anxiety through the computer analysis of verbal samples. PMID- 7116832 TI - Use of the Hamilton Rating Scale for classification of depressive disorders. PMID- 7116834 TI - Additional problems with the Bedside Mental Status Examination: a note on Keller and Manschreck. PMID- 7116833 TI - Mental illness and mortality. PMID- 7116835 TI - Management of complete distal aortic occlusion. PMID- 7116836 TI - A stress management program with biochemical assay. PMID- 7116837 TI - Disseminated herpes zoster and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone. PMID- 7116838 TI - Appearance of sick sinus syndrome after years of micturition syncope. A case report. PMID- 7116839 TI - Inequitable payments for physicians' cognitive services: are reimbursement structures solely to blame? PMID- 7116840 TI - Hospital medical staff privileges and antitrust: an overview. PMID- 7116842 TI - St. John's Hospital Medical Staff vs. St. John Regional Medical Center, Inc. PMID- 7116841 TI - Family practice faculty and practitioner assessments of CME needs. PMID- 7116843 TI - Aspartame and other sweeteners. PMID- 7116844 TI - Connecticut's wrongful conception case. PMID- 7116845 TI - Long-lasting ovulation inhibition with a new injectable progestagen ORG-2154. AB - A new long-acting injectable progestagen was tested in 15 women who volunteered for the study. The occurrence of ovulation was assumed by the elevation of progesterone levels above 2ng/ml following a pre-ovulatory estradiol peak. Following a 200mg injection, ovulation was inhibited in all 15 women for five to ten months. In four subjects the interval between the injection and the first progesterone peak was five months. For eight, the interval was six to eight months. In the other three women, ovulation occurred more than eight months following injection. Bleeding episodes, similar to menstruation, occurred in most patients. Bleeding intervals lasting longer than 45 days occurred in nine subjects but more prolonged amenorrhea lasting longer than 60 days was reported by only five subjects. Blood chemistry which included blood cell counts, cholesterol, glucose, alkaline phosphatase, transaminases, urea nitrogen and creatinine remained within normal limits throughout the treatment. PMID- 7116846 TI - Demographic consequences, client satisfaction, and reasons for selecting sterilization among vasectomy and tubectomy clients in Bangladesh. PMID- 7116847 TI - Endometrial picture with oestrogen-loaded intrauterine device. AB - A study of the endometrial picture in 75 volunteer multiparous women, fitted with spring-coil devices loaded with silastic capsules containing 60 mg crystalline mestranol at the birth control clinic of Ain Shams University Hospitals was carried out. Thirty-eight post-insertion endometrial biopsies were taken, both in the proliferative and secretory phases of the cycle, up to a 12-week period. All biopsies revealed marked hyperplastic changes after the first week of application and up to six weeks. After that, atrophic changes followed to twelve weeks. This variable endometrial picture, especially the marked hyperplastic changes, does not point to oestrogens as suitable and safe ingredients for use as bioactive devices. PMID- 7116848 TI - Comparative prolactin profiles in IUD users and non-IUD users. AB - Starting from the 10th day of the menstrual cycle through onset of the subsequent menstrual bleeding, daily blood samples were collected from 14 women using Copper T IUDs and 10 normal control women. The serum samples were analysed by radioimmunoassay (RIA) for human prolactin (hPRL) and human luteinizing hormone (hLH). hPRL values were subjected to statistics. Episodic patterns of hPRL were observed for all subjects. IUD users show generally lower daily levels of hPRL than non-IUD users, but the apparent differences were statistically insignificant. PMID- 7116850 TI - Stress and hypertension. PMID- 7116849 TI - Biosynthesis of platelet lipids in relation to aggregation in women using oral contraceptives. AB - The platelet lipid biosynthesis in relation to platelet aggregation and lipemia was studied by 14C-acetate and mevalonate incorporation into platelets of seventeen women without medication and of eighteen women using a low estrogen oral contraceptive. The lipid biosynthesis was significantly increased by 59% (mevalonate) and 38% (acetate) in women on oral contraceptives. From mevalonate, lipid synthesis was increased mostly in the lanosterol-dihydrolanosterol fraction (p less than .01). From acetate, lipid synthesis was significantly enhanced in all the lipid classes. In the oral contraceptive group, the response of platelets to thrombin aggregation was only slightly higher, but HDL-cholesterol was significantly lower. However, in the women using oral contraceptives, the percentage of abnormal values in HDL-cholesterol, thrombin-aggregation and acetate incorporation into lanosterol was similar. Thus, more than 40% of the women studied here, using low estrogen oral contraceptives, presented an increase in platelet lipid biosynthesis, especially in the lanosterol-dihydrolanosterol fraction, which was significantly correlated (p less than .05) with the response of their platelets to thrombin-induced aggregation. PMID- 7116851 TI - Environmental stress and hypertension. Introduction. PMID- 7116852 TI - Implications for population studies of the age trend in blood pressure. PMID- 7116853 TI - Total, peripheral and intrathoracic effective compliances of the vascular bed in normotensive and hypertensive patients. PMID- 7116854 TI - Forearm vessels in hypertension of chronic renal disease. PMID- 7116855 TI - Effects of aging on the glomerular capillaries, blood pressure, and renal function in rats. PMID- 7116856 TI - Salt and hypertension--epidemiological considerations. PMID- 7116857 TI - Intracellular electrolytes and hypertension. PMID- 7116858 TI - Blood pressure and westernization--hypotheses bearing on the control of hypertension. PMID- 7116859 TI - Renal responses to acute elevation of blood pressure in dogs. PMID- 7116860 TI - Central nervous origin of vasomotor tone and the influences acting upon it. PMID- 7116861 TI - Activity of hypothalamic dopaminergic neurons in relation to blood pressure. PMID- 7116862 TI - Stress-induced changes of the venous circulation. PMID- 7116863 TI - Environmental factors in circulatory control. PMID- 7116864 TI - Anthropological considerations of the stress problem. PMID- 7116865 TI - Psychological stress--circulatory and catecholamine changes in men with T wave aberrations. PMID- 7116866 TI - Habituation of cardiovascular responses to aversive stimulation and its significance for the development of essential hypertension. PMID- 7116867 TI - Traffic noise, a factor in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. PMID- 7116868 TI - Effect of physical exercise on high blood pressure. PMID- 7116869 TI - Pathophysiology of renal disease. Symposium on Pathophysiology of renal disease, Heidelberg, Aug. 30-Sept. 1, 1982. PMID- 7116870 TI - Axial heterogeneity of the 'distal tubule'. PMID- 7116871 TI - Primary glomerular disease: to treat or not to treat. PMID- 7116872 TI - Haemodynamics in hypertension. 4/ Peripheral circulation. PMID- 7116873 TI - Humoral regulation of hypertension. 1/ General mechanisms. PMID- 7116874 TI - Humoral regulation of hypertension. 2/ Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone. PMID- 7116875 TI - Humoral regulation of hypertension. 3/ Prostaglandins. PMID- 7116876 TI - Humoral regulation of hypertension. 4/ Sympatho-adrenal system. PMID- 7116877 TI - A long-term follow-up study of the arterial pressure dynamics after nephrectomy in patients with renal hypertension. AB - For periods of 3 to 15 years after unilateral nephrectomy the arterial pressure dynamics was studied in 131 patients. In 18 patients with and 12 patients without remission of hypertension the renal haemodynamics was studied before and after nephrectomy. The functional compensatory mechanisms of the remaining kidney are assessed on the basis of preoperative checkings of selective renal haemodynamics and of the activities of the renin-angiotensin and prostaglandin systems in 10 patients with absent and 15 patients with decreased excretory function of one kidney. In the authors' opinion, the blood flow in the contralateral kidney increases, at lacking excretory function of the other kidney, owing to enhanced prostaglandin A2 synthesis in the contralateral kidney. PMID- 7116878 TI - Organizational and methodological aspects of enrollment of the population cohorts for preventive studies. AB - An analysis is presented of the organizational and methodical aspects of the enrollment of a proband cohort for preventive studies, and of the tests for its representativity and comparability. The methods are described that had been applied in the enrollment of probands for participation in the Kaunas - Rotterdam methodological study of ischaemic heart disease, and the causes of non participation in the study are classified. PMID- 7116879 TI - Hypertension: haemodynamic and humoral aspects. Proceedings of the CMEA Symposium in Prague, April 1981. PMID- 7116880 TI - Haemodynamics in hypertension. 1/ Echocardiography. PMID- 7116881 TI - Haemodynamics in hypertension. 2/ Central circulation. 3/ Juvenile hypertension. PMID- 7116882 TI - Use of blood gas values to estimate the source of blood withdrawn from a wedged flow-directed catheter in critically ill patients. AB - A technique for sampling blood from the damaged pulmonary microvasculature in patients with acute respiratory failure is described. Blood was aspirated through the distal lumen of wedged pulmonary arterial catheters in 28 critically ill patients. Successful aspiration was achieved in 88% of the attempts and 20 ml of blood drawn before sampling was optimal for clearing mixed venous precapillary blood. The blood gas values obtained were classified as "capillary" when the wedge (w) PO2 greater than PaO2 and PwCO2 less than PaCO2 (17 patients, 61%); "mixed venous" when PwO2 and PwCO2 were equal to values obtained from the main pulmonary artery (5 patients, 18%); and "mixed source" when intermediate PwO2 and PwCO2 were noted, i.e., PaO2 greater than PwO2 greater than PVO2 and PwCO2 variably greater than or less than PaCO2 (6 patients, 21%). When mixed venous samples are eliminated, microvascular sampling can be assumed in 82% of the successful aspirations. PMID- 7116883 TI - Biochemical evidence of myocardial injury after severe head trauma. AB - Serum levels of creatine kinase (CK) and its myocardial isoenzyme (CK-MB) were measured and serial ECG recorded in 24 male and 6 female patients with severe head trauma. All patients were comatose, but no patient sustained a spinal or chest injury. Total CK activity was elevated in at least one sample in each patient. Elevated CK-MB activity was found in 28 patients. The serial CK-MB data did not follow the same pattern as that of patients suffering from myocardial infarctions. The mean CK-MB remained elevated for at least 3 days after injury, although individual patterns were variable. ECG abnormalities included prolonged corrected QT interval (QTc) in 90% and a variety of nonspecific ST segment and T wave changes in 53%. These ECG findings are consistent with other clinical studies of severe neurological disorders, particularly cerebrovascular accidents. The elevated CK-MB activity indicates that ongoing myocardial damage occurs in patients with severe head injury. Although the underlying mechanism is not entirely clear, an excessive release of catecholamines is the most likely mechanism accounting for diffuse myocardial damage, prolonged elevated CK-MB values and the observed ECG abnormalities. PMID- 7116884 TI - Evaluation of pulmonary function in muscular dystrophy patients requiring spinal surgery. AB - Scoliosis associated with muscular dystrophy frequently necessitates surgical stabilization of the spine. The timing of surgery usually is based on the degree of spinal angulation. Pulmonary function, which deteriorates with age in children with muscular dystrophy, should also be an important consideration in this timing. In a retrospective study of 48 patients who underwent spinal stabilization, preoperative respiratory function tests were correlated with postoperative respiratory complications. The percentage of predicted vital capacity provided the best indicator of outcome and values of less than 30% were associated with major respiratory complications. Spinal fixation failed to arrest the decline in respiratory function in these patients, but it seemed to slow the rate of deterioration compared with preoperative changes. Evaluation of pulmonary function should play a major role in the timing of surgical intervention in muscular dystrophy. PMID- 7116885 TI - Hemodialysis in septic patients: improvements in tolerance of fluid removal with concentrated albumin as the priming fluid. AB - Hemodynamic function and volume of ultrafiltration (UF) during hemodialysis were studied in 8 patients with anuric acute renal failure (ARF) and severe sepsis. Patients were alternatively dialyzed with a saline priming (every 2 days) and with a 17.5% albumin priming. Hypovolemia, as indirectly reflected by reduced left ventricular filling pressure, decreased cardiac output (CO), and decline in mean systemic arterial pressure (MAP), was observed during the hemodialysis procedure using saline as the first prime. Hemodialysis was tolerated better after concentrated albumin priming; left ventricular filling pressure increased during the 1st h of dialysis, whereas CO and MAP remained close to that of control values. Furthermore, UF could be increased progressively without major hemodynamic consequences in the patients who received a concentrated albumin priming; moreover, larger volumes of fluid were removed. PMID- 7116886 TI - Statistical evaluation of plasma substitutes based on 10 variables. AB - Inasmuch as no single variable is able to predict the outcome or evaluate the effect of various treatments used for resuscitation of shock, a statistical method was applied to evaluate several plasma substitutes by a numerical system based on 10 different hemodynamic and metabolic variables. Shock was induced in 60 dogs by laparatomy and exteriorization of the small intestines. After 3 h, the intestine was returned and the abdomen closed. Fluid infusion was then given during a 20-min period. Measurements were carried out during the next 4 h. Seven therapeutic agents were studied in 7 groups: control (no infusion); Ringer's acetate; gelatin; dextran-40; dextran-70; ACD-plasma; albumin. Variables included: cardiac output, oxygen consumption, plasma volume, hematocrit, skeletal muscle capillary blood flow and permeability surface area, arterial blood pH and base excess, mean arterial blood pressure, and the extravascular water gain. Dextran-40, dextran-70, and albumin restored an average of 7 variables to values above the preshock median value. Gelatin and plasma restored 4 variables and Ringer's acetate restored 3 variables. When no infusion was given, no variable was restored and the animals remained in shock. It is concluded that 3.5% colloid solutions of dextran-40, dextran-70, and albumin are more effective than plasma, gelatin, and Ringer's acetate in this order. PMID- 7116887 TI - Significance of the pulmonary artery diastolic-pulmonary wedge pressure gradient in sepsis. AB - An initially widened pulmonary artery diastolic-pulmonary wedge pressure (PAD PWP) gradient greater than 5 mm Hg has been reported to be associated with an 83% mortality rate in septic patients. To confirm and extend these observations, we retrospectively reviewed the charts of 47 septic patients. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1-12 patients who never had an abnormal gradient during their hospital course, and group 2-35 patients who had an abnormal gradient sometimes during their course. There were no hemodynamic differences. However, the mortality rate in group 2 patients was significantly higher than in group 1 patients (60% vs 25%, p less than 0.01). In patients with an initial gradient, the mortality rate was 61% which is not significantly different than the 83% previously reported. In patients with a persistent or increasing gradient before death or the resolution of sepsis, the mortality rate was 91%. We conclude that although an initial PAD-PWP gradient in patients with sepsis is associated with a high mortality, a much more sensitive indicator is whether the gradient increases or persists over time. There is a 91% mortality in patients with persisting or increasing gradients. PMID- 7116888 TI - Effects of methylprednisolone on hemodynamics, arteriovenous oxygen difference, P50, and 2,3 DPG in bacterial shock: a preliminary study. PMID- 7116889 TI - Relationship between transcutaneous and arterial oxygen tension in sick neonates during mild hyperoxemia. AB - The effect of mild hyperoxemia on the relationship between transcutaneous (PtcO2) and arterial PO2 (PaO2) was determined in a group of 68 neonates with cardiopulmonary disease. In contrast to the relationship during normoxemia which did not differ from the line of identify, PtcO2 underestimated PaO2 by 17 +/- 9 torr (p less than 0.001) at PaO2 values ranging from 100-140 torr. Considerable caution, therefore, must be exercised in exclusively employing PtcO2 monitoring in neonates whose PaO2 is to be maintained near 100 torr. PMID- 7116890 TI - Effect of increased radiant warmer power output on state of hydration in the critically ill neonate. AB - To correlate radiant warmer bed power output with state of hydration in the critically ill infant, warmer power input was measured by a wattmeter and recorded by an on-line computer every 5 sec for 2 periods of 8-24 h each in 11 newborns with respiratory distress syndrome (mean birth weight 1.42 kg, mean gestational age 31.4 weeks). The 2 periods were compared to define a high and a low radiant power period. Fluid intake and urine output, urine and serum osmolalities, serum electrolytes, and free water clearance during each study period (high vs low radiant power) were also compared. Mean radiant power density received during periods of high radiant power output (8.93 mw/cm2) was significantly greater than during periods of low radiant power output (7.85 mw/cm2, p less than 0.001). Mean urine osmolality and fluid intake to output ratio were also significantly increased during periods of high radiant power density. There was a trend toward increased serum osmolality and decreased free water clearance during periods of high radiant power; however, these differences were not significant. This study suggests that prospective measurement of radiant power density delivered to critically ill newborns may be clinically significant in predicting an infant's state of hydration. PMID- 7116891 TI - Effects of mechanical ventilation on the measurement of cardiac output by thermodilution. AB - Phasic variation in cardiac output (CO) of 10-50% during mechanical ventilation was documented in dogs, and in 1 patient by injection of thermal indicator at 1 sec intervals throughout the ventilation cycle. Measured flow variation increased with inflation pressure when other variables were unchanged, and was not influenced to a significant degree by the injection of iced vs room temperature injectate. Such variation can occur in adult patients requiring only minimally increased airway pressure for ventilation. The technique of injecting indicator at a particular moment of the ventilation cycle is not appropriate to monitor absolute or even relative changes in CO because of occasional changes in the phase relation between the ventilation cycle and the flow variation. The mean CO by thermodilution technique is approximately best by the mean of values taken at regularly spaced intervals through the ventilation cycle. PMID- 7116892 TI - Calculator estimation of cardiac vectors in the frontal plane. AB - A simple quantitatively method is described that permits the rapid and accurate estimation of frontal plane QRS vector characteristics on an inexpensive programmable calculator. The derived formulas, based upon ECG amplitudes in standard leads I and II, are modified from those of Einthoven and are suitable for all possible angle and magnitude measurements. The accuracy of these measurements was verified in 100 normal human volunteers. Good agreement was found between vector estimates and absolute references describing the frontal plane vector loop. Thus, the estimated vector magnitude closely approximated the maximum instantaneous vector magnitude, and the estimated vector angle closely approximated the mean electrical axis of the heart. The technique compares favorably with other estimation procedures, not sacrificing accuracy for speed of implementation. For this reason, the calculator approach may be of practical interest for routine vector analysis in a clinical setting, including ICUs. All pertinent equations are derived and an example calculator program is provided. PMID- 7116893 TI - Evaluation of a system for continuous neonatal blood pressure monitoring. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of varying infusion rates as well as different catheter sizes and types on the mean arterial pressure as measured by a system in which the pressure transducer is connected in series to the line of fluids being administered through the catheter. The results of this study show that, under most circumstances, errors in mean blood pressure measured by this system are minimal and clinically insignificant. PMID- 7116894 TI - Retrograde dissection and rupture of pulmonary artery after catheter use in pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 7116895 TI - Marked stress hyperglycemia in a child. AB - A 16-month-old child is presented who developed severe "stress hyperglycemia" with the onset of a respiratory distress syndrome. The serum glucose rose from 74 mg/dl to 520 mg/dl and returned to 52 mg/dl all within 24 h. These variations in serum glucose were paralleled by a similar marked increase in plasma cortisol concentration (from 41 to 90 to 36 micrograms/dl). The patient was receiving no iv dextrose and required no exogenous insulin. These data are consistent with a diagnosis of stress hyperglycemia. This report is unique in that, to our knowledge, stress hyperglycemia to levels greater than 350 mg/dl have not been previously reported in either adults or children. PMID- 7116896 TI - Use of a plastic guide for intravascular cannulation. PMID- 7116897 TI - Cryopreservation of cyanate-treated sickle erythrocytes. PMID- 7116898 TI - Dissociation of erythrocyte membrane glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase during freezing. PMID- 7116899 TI - Temperature-dependent vesiculation of human erythrocytes caused by hypertonic salt: a phenomenon involving lipid segregation. PMID- 7116900 TI - Development of a radiometric metabolic viability testing method for human and porcine skin. PMID- 7116901 TI - Controlled-rate liquid N2-microwave biological freeze--thaw device. PMID- 7116902 TI - Differential cerebral hypothermia. PMID- 7116903 TI - Effects of the beta-adrenergic blocker, propranolol, on the hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) rewarming from induced hypothermia. PMID- 7116904 TI - Rewarming mice from hypothermia by exposure to 2450-MHz microwave radiation. PMID- 7116905 TI - Effects of freezing to - 196 degrees C and thawing on Setaria lutescens seeds. PMID- 7116906 TI - Cross-contamination during lyophilization. PMID- 7116907 TI - Protection of cryopreserved Onchocerca microfilariae (Nematoda) from dilution shock by the use of serum. PMID- 7116908 TI - Alcoholism among the Chinese: further observations of a low-risk population. PMID- 7116909 TI - Neurasthenia and depression: a study of somatization and culture in China. AB - The author reviews conceptual and empirical issues regarding the interaction of neurasthenia, somatization and depression in Chinese culture and in the West. The historical background of neurasthenia and its current status are discussed, along with the epidemiology and phenomenology of somatization and depression. Findings are presented from a combined clinical and anthropological field study of 100 patients with neurasthenia in the Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic at the Hunan Medical College. Eighty-seven of these patients made the DSM-III criteria of Major Depressive Disorder; diagnoses of anxiety disorders were also frequent. Forty-four patients were suffering from chronic pain syndromes previously undiagnosed, and cases of culture-bound syndromes also were detected. For three quarters of patients the social significances and uses of their illness behavior chiefly related to work. Although from the researcher's perspective 70% of patients with Major Depressive Disorder experienced substantial improvement and 87% some improvement in symptoms when treated with antidepressant medication, fewer experienced decreased help seeking, and a much smaller number perceived less social impairment and improvement in illness problems (the psychosocial accompaniment of disease including maladaptive coping and work, family and school problems). These findings are drawn on to advance medical anthropology and cultural psychiatry theory and research regarding somatization in Chinese culture, the United States and cross culturally. The author concludes that though neurasthenia can be understood in several distinctive ways, it is most clinically useful to regard it as bioculturally patterned illness experience (a special form of somatization) related to either depression and other diseases or to culturally sanctioned idioms of distress and psychosocial coping. PMID- 7116911 TI - The cardiac patient and noncardiac surgery. PMID- 7116910 TI - The late whiplash syndrome: a study of an illness in Australia and Singapore. AB - A condition commonly seen after motor vehicle accidents, the Late Whiplash Syndrome, which is defined as a collection of symptoms and disabilities seen more than six months after a neck injury occurring in a motor vehicle accident, is examined in a series of 300 cases. The author suggests that the development of the Late Whiplash Syndrome, some of whose characteristics are viewed as illness and some as illness behavior, depends on social variables. The differential distribution in Western countries and in Singapore is related to sanctions against entry into the sick role associated with this type of injury which are present in countries such as Singapore. Conversely, motor vehicle injury is legitimized in Western Countries such as Australia as an historical overview shows. The author's model of the Late Whiplash Syndrome lends itself to generalizations about the development of social illness in different cultures. PMID- 7116912 TI - The floppy mitral valve. PMID- 7116913 TI - Stuttering. PMID- 7116914 TI - Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in the management of biliary obstruction. PMID- 7116915 TI - Pulmonary aspiration complexes in adults. PMID- 7116916 TI - Differential diagnosis of acquired hypofibrinogenemias, part I. PMID- 7116917 TI - Diabetes: a risk factor in aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity. PMID- 7116918 TI - Identifying the malnourished child: which index to use? PMID- 7116919 TI - Metabolic evaluation of vascular patients. PMID- 7116920 TI - Mechanisms of altered ventricular compliance following ischemia using two dimensional echocardiography. PMID- 7116921 TI - The effect of intravenous particles and staphylococcus aureus on serum opsonins. PMID- 7116922 TI - Renal vascular injury secondary to blunt abdominal trauma: successful revascularization. PMID- 7116924 TI - Immunology of dermatophytosis: innate and acquired immunity. PMID- 7116923 TI - Histoid lepromas. PMID- 7116926 TI - Mosaic speckled lentiginous nevi. PMID- 7116925 TI - Menkes' kinky hair syndrome. PMID- 7116927 TI - Giant cutaneous horn. PMID- 7116928 TI - Suppurative inflammatory eruption occurring in septicemia tularemia. PMID- 7116929 TI - Cutis hyperelastica localisata. PMID- 7116930 TI - The Fourth Radiation Biology Center International Symposium: Chromosome mutations: their potential relevance to genetic risks in man. September 28-29, 1981, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University. PMID- 7116931 TI - Contribution of chromosome abnormalities to human morbidity and mortality. AB - Estimates of the association of chromosome aberrations with various adverse health outcomes are as follows: embryonic and fetal death (5-28 weeks), 33%; stillbirths, 5-10%; infant and early childhood death, 5-7%; retardation (IQ less than 50), 20-35%; (IQ 50-69), 5-15%; criminality an d retardation or psychiatric disturbance in males, 3%; other criminality, 0.3-0.8%; birth defects, 2.5-8%; heart defects, 10%; subfertility or infertility, 2-8%; multiple miscarriages, less than 1 to 13%; male pseudohermaphroditism, less than 25%; and primary amenorrhea, 25%. Variations in rates reflect statistical fluctuations and variations in the selection of populations for study. The estimates are based on currently used techniques; cryptic structural rearrangements may also contribute significantly to these outcomes. PMID- 7116932 TI - Chromosome aberrations as a measure of mutagenesis: cytogenetic extrapolation from animal to man. AB - A reevaluation of the factors considered to affect the chromosomal sensitivity of mammalian peripheral blood lymphocytes has been made on the basis of some recent experiments using the harlequin-staining method to distinguish the first from subsequent divisions. Observations on human lymphocytes show that the mixing up of first and second or third cell cycle cells cannot explain all the variability between the experiments performed without bromodeoxyuridine labeling. Establishing a uniform methodology is also not likely to eliminate all causes of variation. Similar heterogeneity is observed for other mammalian species. Provided comparisons are restricted to results obtained within the same laboratory, some estimation of the relative sensitivity of chromosomes from different species is, however, possible. PMID- 7116933 TI - Chromosome aberrations as a cause of subtle teratogenesis and use of the grasshopper neuroblast to test potential mutagens and teratogens. AB - The possible effects of low doses of environmental mutagens on the human embryo are discussed in terms of chromosome aberrations that could result in subtle teratogenesis, i.e., functional defects not detectable at birth. The action of a mutagen on the cells of an early stage human embryo has the potential of producing teratogenesis by inducing a viable chromosome aberration, e.g., a terminal deletion. Such an event would give rise to a mosaic individual. It is proposed that a functional defect of the central nervous system is the most likely result. The advantages of the neuroblast of the grasshopper embryo for detecting potential mutagens-teratogens are presented. In addition, the mitotic effects of mutagens which may also cause teratogenesis can be easily ascertained in great detail in the neuroblast, which has a short cell cycle (4 h at 38 degrees C) and which can be observed in the living condition. PMID- 7116934 TI - Cytogenetic and flow cytometric studies of cells from patients with Fanconi's anemia. AB - Cells from patients wtih Fanconi's anemia are unusually sensitive to agents which are capable of crosslinking DNA. This increased sensitivity can be detected both by cytogenetic and flow cytometric methods. An elevated frequency of chromosome aberrations, which is further exaggerated by exposure of cells to DNA crosslinking agents, is a general feature of Fanconi's anemia. Information about the formation of sister chromatid exchanges in this disease is less consistent. Cytogenetic analysis of cells from patients with Fanconi's anemia can be compromised by a low mitotic index. This is reflected in an accumulation of cells In the G2 phase of the cycle, after exposure to the bifunctional alkylating agent, mitomycin C. New methods for differentiating individuals with Fanconi's anemia from unaffected individuals should be of empirical use and might also facilitate mechanistic studies of this disease. PMID- 7116935 TI - Structural changes in chromatin as the basis for radiosensitivity in ataxia telangiectasia. AB - Cells from patients with the autosomal recessive genetic disease ataxia telangiectasia (AT) are more sensitive to killing by ionizing radiation than are cells from normal individuals. In contrast, ionizing radiation inhibits the rate of DNA synthesis much less in AT cells than in normal cells. This radioresistant DNA synthesis can be partly mimicked by treating normal cells with caffeine or by incubating normal cells in hypertonic medium after irradiation. Because both of these treatments seem to affect chromatin structure, it is possible that the radioresistant DNA synthesis in AT cells is due to an intrinsic difference in chromatin structure between AT cells and normal cells. This difference allows normal cells to recognize chromatin damage and to pause and repair it, whereas AT cells fail to recognize this damage, which leads to chromosomal aberrations. PMID- 7116936 TI - The chromatid gap--a useful parameter in genotoxicology? AB - Chromatid gaps occur as two morphologically indistinguishable types--the clastogenic (DNA damage) type and the turbagenic (no DNA damage) type--and are induced by many genotoxins in a dose-dependent way. Gaps may serve as a low-dose sentinel parameter in genotoxicology. However, their usefulness is limited until further studies have shown whether the turbagenic substances that cause gaps are all capable of inducing segregational errors. In genetic toxicology testing and monitoring, methanol/acetic acid-fixed and air-dried preparations are stained in Giemsa and are then studied under the light microscope. With this method gaps and breaks cannot be distinguished unambiguously and should therefore be scored in the same class of aberrations. PMID- 7116937 TI - Attempts to detect ataxia telangiectasia (AT) heterozygotes by cytogenetical techniques. AB - AT cells are known to be more sensitive than normal human cells to ionizing radiation as well as other agents, as judged by cell survival, induced chromosomal aberrations, and micronuclei. The inhibition of DNA replication following X-irradiation is less in AT cells than in normal cells. Four different cell lines heterozygous for AT were investigated for their response to various treatments in order to see whether they behaved in an intermediate way. In most of the tests, the heterozygous AT cells behaved like normal cells. In the frequencies of induced chromosomal aberrations following X-rays, there was heterogeneity in response, with one cell line showing a definite intermediate response. PMID- 7116938 TI - A quantitative comparison of cytogenetic effects of anti-tumor agents. AB - The relative potency of different anti-tumor agents in inducing structural and numerical chromosome abnormalities and SCEs was assessed by making comparisons at equitoxic doses, measured in terms of colony forming ability, in cultured diploid human fibroblasts. At approximately 20% survival the relative potency of X-rays, daunorubicin, nitrogen mustard, adriamycin, and actinomycin D in inducing structural aberrations was 1.0, 0.85, 0.26, 0.22, and zero, respectively. SCE induction was quantitatively unrelated to the induction of chromosome aberrations. No numerical changes were observed. Accurate assessment of the yields of chromosome aberrations requires the use of multiple sampling times in asynchronous populations. PMID- 7116939 TI - Sister chromatid exchange in human populations: the effect of smoking, drug treatment, and occupational exposure. AB - Increased rate of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) in peripheral lymphocytes has been observed in smokers as compared to nonsmokers and in patients receiving certain cytostatic drugs. The increased SCE frequency in smokers was shown to depend on the number of cigarettes smoked per day, as well as on the duration of smoking. DNA cross-links caused by photochemotherapy against psoriasis, 8 methoxypsoralen plus UVA irradiation (PUVA), as well as by the anti-cancer chemotherapeutic agent CCNU, were shown to be more effective at inducing SCE's than other types of DNA damage caused by these treatments. These observations suggest that SCE analysis may be used as an indicator of genotoxic exposure in vivo, provided that the various types of DNA damage caused by genotoxic agents and the dose, as well as the time of exposure in relation to the time of sampling, are considered. PMID- 7116940 TI - Identification of mutagen exposures in the rubber industry by the sister chromatid exchange method. AB - The rubber industry is known to use a large and expanding array of chemicals, some of which are experimentally proven mutagens or carcinogens. An association with cancer risk has been shown in several epidemiological studies carried out in the rubber industry. Sister chromatid exchanges were studied in blood lymphocytes of 54 workers from various job categories in two rubber plants and 34 control subjects mainly from office jobs. The highest numbers of SCEs were observed among rubber workers who smoked, but smokers in the control group also differed significantly from non-smokers by their incidence of SCEs. In both rubber plants the highest incidence of SCEs was observed among workers employed in the mixing operations of the rubber chemicals. PMID- 7116941 TI - Difficulties in assessing the human health effect of mutagenic carcinogens by cytogenetic analyses. AB - The analysis of induced chromosome aberrations in the peripheral lymphocytes of irradiated people is a reliable method for determining exposure to ionizing radiations. The system should also work for S-independent chemicals. For the majority of chemical clastogens, which are S-dependent, however, the utility of the system is far less certain because DNA repair can remove many of the adducts before the cells enter S. Sister chromatid exchanges are sensitive indicators of S-dependent mutagens; however, because of DNA repair, great interpersonal variability of response, and variability of reference populations, it has not yet been proved that they can be used to monitor populations for low-level chronic exposure. In any case, these cytogenetic tests can only be used to estimate the risk to the population as a whole. They cannot be used to predict whether a given person will suffer any particular form of ill health. PMID- 7116942 TI - A possible mechanism for chemical induction of chromosome aberrations in male meiotic and postmeiotic germ cells of mice. PMID- 7116943 TI - Meiotic chromosomal radiosensitivity in primary oocytes of the Chinese hamster. PMID- 7116945 TI - Bone and joint disease. PMID- 7116944 TI - Mouse spermatogonia and spermatocyte sensitivity to chemical mutagens. AB - Twenty-one chemicals have been tested for the induction of chromatid aberrations in differentiating spermatogonia, and 14 of them gave a positive response. However, when spermatocytes derived from treated As-spermatogonia were analyzed for reciprocal translocations, the results were negative for 10 out of 17 chemicals tested. For the remaining 7 chemicals, either conflicting results or no dose dependency has been reported. The difference between aberrations in differentiating spermatogonia and the lack of translocations in spermatocytes after treatment of stem-cell spermatogonia was most obvious with mitomycin C. Reasons for this difference are discussed. In meiotic prophase, mitomycin C and TEM caused aberrations observable at diakinesis only after treatment of spermatocytes in S-phase. In contrast, ionizing radiation produces its main effect during pachytene. Translocation heterozygotes were recovered among progeny of mitomycin C- and TEM-treated spermatocytes. Conclusions for human health hazards are: (1) chromosomal aberrations induced by chemical mutagens in spermatogonia do not pose a considerable risk because they do not sufficiently survive germinal selection; (2) chemical treatment of spermatocytes can result in chromosomally abnormal offspring. The quantification of human ill health based on translocation yields obtained in animal experiments poses great difficulties that have not been resolved. PMID- 7116946 TI - Bone and joint diseases in workers exposed to hyperbaric conditions. PMID- 7116947 TI - Experimental models of arthritis. PMID- 7116948 TI - Electron microscopy in bone tumor diagnosis. PMID- 7116949 TI - The role of particles in the pathogenesis of joint disease. PMID- 7116950 TI - Examination of synovial fluid. PMID- 7116951 TI - The synovial biopsy. PMID- 7116952 TI - Animal models of degenerative joint disease. PMID- 7116953 TI - Tissue reactions to joint prostheses and the products of wear and corrosion. PMID- 7116954 TI - Pathology of a Black African population. PMID- 7116955 TI - A ten-year prospective study, 1964-1974, of cardiovascular risk factors in men and women from the Glostrup population born in 1914. PMID- 7116956 TI - Fibrocystic disease and mastalgia. A histological and enzyme-histochemical study. PMID- 7116957 TI - Detection of leukocyturia by Cytur-Test in paediatric outpatients. PMID- 7116958 TI - Longterm follow-up of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism and a normal lung scan. Perfusion scans in embolic suspects. AB - There is widespread acceptance of the thesis that in a patient with suspected embolism, a normal perfusion lung scan excludes the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism. However, limited published data exist which validate this thesis. We have explored this question by longitudinal follow-up of 68 patients who were referred for lung scanning to rule out embolism and proved to have normal perfusion lung scans. Risk factors for venous thromboembolism among these patients were similar to those reported in prior series of patients with pulmonary embolism. Our data support the widely-held views that: 1) a normal perfusion lung scan excludes the diagnosis of clinically significant pulmonary emboli; 2) the diagnostic work-up for suspected pulmonary embolism need not extend beyond a normal perfusion scan; 3) anticoagulant therapy can be discontinued after a normal perfusion scan, except in the presence of documented venous thrombosis; and 4) a normal lung scan has the same value in ruling out embolism in man as does a normal pulmonary angiogram. PMID- 7116959 TI - Regional coronary anatomy in rest angina. Comparison of patients with rest and exertional angina using quantitative coronary angiography. AB - To determine if patients with rest angina have more severe regional ischemia than patients with exertional angina, we compared the severity of left coronary artery (LCA) stenosis in 29 patients with transient anterior ischemic ST-T changes at rest, and 30 patients with anterior ST changes only during exertion. The percentage diameter stenosis was measured with Vernier calipers as (2 x lesion diameter x 100 percent)/(prestenotic + poststenotic diameter). There was no difference between the two groups in the mean diameter stenosis of unoccluded LCA vessels either when all vessels were compared (rest: 69 +/- 12 percent; exertional: 70 +/- 13 percent [p = NS]) or when only the maximal stenosis in each patient was compared (rest: 74 +/- 10 percent; exertional: 75 +/- 12 percent [p = NS]). Total occlusion of at least one major vessel of the LCA also occurred with similar frequency in patients with rest (6/29) and exertional (12/30) angina (p = NS). However, collateral development distal to 76-100 percent LCA lesions was significantly less frequent in rest angina (4/21 vessels [19 percent]) than in exertional angina (21/30 vessels [70 percent]), (p less than .03). We conclude that patients with rest angina do not have more severe coronary stenosis than patients with exertional angina, but frequently may have more severe regional ischemia due to reduced collaterization of jeopardized myocardium. PMID- 7116960 TI - Percutaneous intraaortic balloon counterpulsation. Clinical effectiveness and hazards. AB - Because of its greater ease and rapidity of insertion, the percutaneous intraaortic balloon in many institutions has become the primary method for implementing counterpulsation. We report the results and complications of 113 attempted procedures in a variety of clinical settings. We had a high (93.8 percent) insertion success rate. However, our 18.6 complication rate was similar to the experience reported for the surgical method of insertion. Thus, the original anticipation of reduced complications with this method has not been realized in this and other recent reports. PMID- 7116961 TI - Sarcoidosis and aspergilloma. The role of surgery. AB - Fibrocystic pulmonary disease is a common sequel of chronic pulmonary sarcoidosis, and the subsequent development of intracavitary aspergillomas is frequent, especially in black patients. Pulmonary hemorrhage from aspergilloma is second only to cardiorespiratory failure as the cause of death in sarcoidosis. Opinions regarding the role of resectional surgery are conflicting. We report observations on 38 patients with biopsy evidence of antecedent sarcoidosis and cultural or serologic identification of Aspergillus species as cause of the fungus balls. Pulmonary fibrosis was bilateral and extensive in most cases, making surgical treatment perilous. Ten patients had moderate impairment of pulmonary function. Seven had surgical resection with six satisfactory results and one death. Three patients in this category have not required surgery. Twenty eight patients had severely compromised pulmonary function. Surgery was performed in seven because of intractable bleeding; four survived, but three later died of respiratory failure. Of the 21 in this category not treated by surgery, six survived, four died of hemorrhage and 11 of respiratory failure. Of the 37 patients with aspergilloma whose status is known, 19 are dead, 14 survived with positive precipitins and four, all treated surgically, recovered. It is concluded that surgical treatment of aspergilloma in patients with sarcoidosis should be avoided if possible, but is inescapable in a third of cases. PMID- 7116962 TI - The relationship of the colloid osmotic-pulmonary artery wedge pressure gradient to pulmonary edema and mortality in critically ill patients. AB - The relationship of serum colloid osmotic pressure (COP) and pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) to pulmonary edema and mortality was investigated in 76 critically ill patients. Forty patients suffered from circulatory shock and 36 did not. The COP-PAWP gradient and radiographic evidence of pulmonary edema were measured at the time of diagnosis. The COP-PAWP gradient was markedly decreased in both shock and non-shock patients with pulmonary edema. Decrease of the COP PAWP gradient correlated with mortality only in those patients with shock. The shock patients who died had a significantly higher incidence of pulmonary edema than those who survived, whereas there was no difference in the incidence of pulmonary edema for surviving or dying non-shock patients. We conclude that marked decreases of the COP-PAWP gradient predict pulmonary edema in the critically ill, but predict mortality only for patients with circulatory shock. PMID- 7116963 TI - Empyema and bronchopleural fistula. Experience with open window thoracostomy. AB - Open window thoracostomy (OWT) was created in 12 patients with empyema and sepsis after conventional therapy with antibiotics and drainage had failed. After creation of OWT all infections subsided within ten days to four months and all fistulae closed within one to four months. Complete obliteration of the empyema cavity by granulation tissue occurred in 11 of 12 patients within one to eight months, depending upon the size of the space. All patients tolerated the procedure well. Creation of OWT has not caused lung collapse in any of the patients due to fibrosis caused by the preceding infection. There was no complication or death. OWT is a safe procedure recommended in all patients with empyema resistant to conventional therapy. It does not need to be restricted to post-pneumonectomy cases. Operative closure of bronchopleural fistulae, a major surgical undertaking with an uncertain outcome, is usually unnecessary. PMID- 7116964 TI - Decreasing incidence of disseminated coccidioidomycosis among Piman and San Carlos Apache Indians. A probable environmental basis. AB - Among Piman and San Carlos Apache Indians, the rates of disseminated disease and death from coccidioidomycosis have declined 67 percent (p less than 0.001) and 71 percent (p less than 0.01), respectively, between the first and second half of a 22-year observation period (1959-1980), despite a lack of significant change in the rate of primary infection (as determined by the coccidioidin skin test) between the two 11-year periods. The two tribal groups studied comprised 76 percent of the Indian population in the endemic area. More than 90 percent of Pimans and San Carlos Apaches have full Indian heritage, and almost all of them have been lifelong inhabitants of the endemic region. There is no evidence that genetic factors are responsible for the Indians' decrease in mortality and mortality from disseminated coccidioidomycosis. Improvements in housing and working conditions appear to have lessened the exposure to dust laden with C immitis, decreased the size of infecting inoculum, and, thereby, contributed to a decline in disseminated coccidiodomycosis among these native Americans, who have often been considered to have increased susceptibility to this fungal infection. Thus, the outcome of coccidioidal infection in American Indians seems to be largely determined by environmental influences. The possibility of decreasing disseminated disease rates by reducing the inhalation of arthroconidia also has important implications for other ethnic groups. PMID- 7116965 TI - Myopotential inhibition of unipolar lithium pacemakers. AB - The effect of isometric upper extremity exercise on pacemaker function was evaluated in 27 patients who remained pacemaker-dependent during testing. Inhibition was demonstrated in eight (31 percent) of which five were symptomatic. Based on design of the sensing amplifier and return to an all-metal housing in the unipolar lithium pulse generators, myopotential inhibition is being recognized as one cause of symptomatic pacemaker inhibition that is more common than generally appreciated. A method of evaluation and management options for symptomatic patients are discussed. Routine testing of all patients should be performed at the time of a regular office evaluation. If one model pulse generator appears to be particularly prone to myopotential inhibition, this knowledge should be considered in the choice of future pacing systems. PMID- 7116966 TI - Aortic root dissection. Another false positive echocardiographic diagnosis. PMID- 7116967 TI - Mitral valve stenosis produced by or worsened by active bacterial endocarditis. PMID- 7116968 TI - Failure of penicillin in anaerobic necrotizing pneumonia. PMID- 7116969 TI - Unsuspected malignant pericardial effusion causing cardiac tamponade. Rapid diagnosis by computed tomography. PMID- 7116970 TI - Benign mesenchymal tumor of the heart. Spontaneous regression and disappearance of pulmonary artery stenosis. PMID- 7116971 TI - Mesenteric arteries complicating surgical repair of coarctation of the aorta. Angiographic findings and management. PMID- 7116972 TI - UFFI dust: nonspecific irritant only? PMID- 7116973 TI - Tetracycline pleurodesis for refractory pneumothorax among inoperable elderly surgical candidates. PMID- 7116974 TI - Chemical pleurodesis. PMID- 7116975 TI - The case of an anaerobic dancer. PMID- 7116976 TI - Wire basket removal of a tack via flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy. PMID- 7116978 TI - New insights into the airways. PMID- 7116977 TI - Acute thrombophlebitis due to IV use of amiodarone. PMID- 7116979 TI - Comparison of the conventional methods and high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole and its metabolite in serum. AB - A modified high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for sensitive and rapid determination of trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole and its metabolite N4 acetylsulfamethoxazole has been compared with the bioassay for trimethoprim and a colorimetric procedure for sulfonamides. The sensitivity of the (HPLC) method has been increased by ultrafiltration of the sample. Thus, the sample dilution was markedly reduced compared to the values obtained with precipitation procedures. The recovery was 102.7 +/- 6.1% for trimethoprim, 93 +/- 5.4% for sulfamethoxazole and 90.2 +/- 7.9% for N4-acetylsulfamethoxazole. The between-day reproducibility was 5% (n = 5). The coefficients of correlation for HPLC and reference methods were 0.993 (bioassay) and 0.995 (colorimetric assay). PMID- 7116980 TI - Studies on the antitumour effects of N-137. AB - The antitumour properties of the drug N-137 were assessed in vivo in two murine T lymphoma models and two naturally metastatic hamster fibrosarcomas of Herpesvirus hominis aetiology. N-137 therapy caused a significant delay in the subcutaneous growth rate of both lymphomas (EL4 and TLX9) and in many cases completely prevented tumour appearance when administered at high doses. The antitumour effect observed in both systems was shown to be dose dependent. In contrast, N 137 therapy failed to influence the growth of two hamster fibrosarcomas (HSV-333 2-26 Met A and Met B lines), and drug administration prior to or following resection of Met B tumours failed to influence the development of natural metastases as measured by monitoring animal survival. PMID- 7116981 TI - In vivo anti-cancer activity of RC-18: a plant isolate from Rubia cordifolia, Linn. against a spectrum of experimental tumour models. AB - Anti-tumour activity of RC-18, a pure isolate from Rubia cordifolia was repeatedly tested in different sets of experiments on a spectrum of experimental murine tumours, viz. P388, L1210, L5178Y, B16 melanoma, Lewis lung carcinoma and sarcoma-180. RC-18 exhibited significant increase in life span of ascites leukaemia P388, L1210, L5178Y and a solid tumour B16 melanoma. However, it failed to show any inhibitory effect on solid tumours, Lewis lung carcinoma and sarcoma 180. Promising results against a spectrum of experimental tumours suggest that RC 18 may lead to the development of a potential anti-cancer agent. PMID- 7116982 TI - Treatment of mice infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 7116983 TI - Adaptation to pregnancy: some implications for individual and family mental health. PMID- 7116984 TI - Doctor, do you make (school) house calls? PMID- 7116985 TI - Kansas and the Children's Trust Fund. PMID- 7116986 TI - [Dangers and limitations of applied proctology]. PMID- 7116987 TI - [Emergency interventions in anorectal processes]. PMID- 7116988 TI - [Elective interventions in the anorectal region]. PMID- 7116989 TI - [Primary small intestine malignancies]. AB - The frequency of malign tumors in the small intestine was 1% of all malign tumors of the digestive tract. 4% of malign tumors found by autopsy in the digestive tract were located in the small intestine. 12 months passed between first symptoms and operative therapy. In 80% we found local or distant metastases. In only 5 of 11 cases a curative resection was attempted. A great number pf small intestine tumors were identified by autopsy for the first time. A curative resection depends on an early diagnosis. Ileus, massive bleeding, extreme weight loss and palpable mass are late physical findings. Obstipation, diarrhea, occult intestinal bleeding and abdominal pain indicate after subtle inquiry X-ray of the small intestine, gastroduodenoscopy and angiography. If there is no result an early laparotomy should be performed. PMID- 7116990 TI - [Microangiographic studies on the revascularization of free smooth muscle grafts]. AB - The aim of the investigations was to find out exactly how and when revascularization of free transplanted smooth muscle took place. For this purpose a continent colostomy was performed on 15 dogs by sphincter plastics with a free autologous transplant. The dogs were killed between postoperative day 1 and 5, and their blood vessels were perfused with mixture of Indian ink and Ringers solution. The microangiographic observations of the microscopic section showed the following results. On postoperative day 1 at the edge of the transplant the vessels of the intestinal serosa were distinctly seen to have ellipsoid dilatation. On day 2 tiny filamentary branches of the vessels proliferated into the transplant and connected with the original vessels of the sphincter plastic. By days 4 and 5 this process was apparent. PMID- 7116991 TI - [Staged lavage therapy in diffuse peritonitis]. AB - Sequential lavage is introduced as a new treatment for severe diffuse purulent peritonitis. Following surgical removal of the focus and intraoperative intraabdominal lavage, the sequential lavage technique was applied with length of treatment dependent on the severity of each case. Data from 21 patients were recorded for the study. Subject lethality was 19%. Three patients survived the so called "incurable triad". PMID- 7116992 TI - [Squamous epithelial carcinoma in a sigmoid diverticulum. Case report and review of the literature]. AB - A case of primary squamous cell carcinoma arising in a sigmoid diverticulum is reported. The literature concerning pure squamous cell carcinoma of the colon is reviewed. With regard of possible pathogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma of the colon 76 diverticula are examined and the results discussed. PMID- 7116993 TI - [Pancreatogastrostomy in papillary cancer]. AB - In the therapeutic treatment of ampullary cancer in 11 patients pancreatogastrostomy was substituted for pancreato-jejunal anastomosis. Pancreatogastrostomy is a simpler technique and is more reliable than sutures with the small intestine. In the postoperative phase the anastomosis can be monitored at any time by radiological and endoscopic examination. However, examination of lipase in the gastric juice shows that even these anastomoses are closed in two patients as early as the second year after the operation. The frequent closure of anastomoses speaks in favour of the discontinuation of the exocrine function of the pancreas during the operation by means of occlusion jelly together with pancreatogastrostomy for the transitory protection of the resection surface of the pancreas. PMID- 7116994 TI - [Late results after heterologous blood vessel replacement in reconstructive arterial surgery]. PMID- 7116995 TI - [Transanal application of a decompressive intestinal tube in the surgical treatment of a small intestine ileus. An alternative to enterostomy]. PMID- 7116996 TI - [Local transanal therapeutic tumor resection in low-positioned rectal cancer]. PMID- 7116997 TI - [Unusual complication of a vascular injury with the formation of an arteriovenous fistula]. PMID- 7116998 TI - [The Physician and public opinion--an underdeveloped relationship]. PMID- 7116999 TI - [Should physicians also be managers? Beginning of a reorientation in hospital administration]. PMID- 7117000 TI - [In dubio contra medicum - extension of criminal medical liability?]. PMID- 7117001 TI - [The diagnosis of Hirschsprung's congenital megacolon]. PMID- 7117003 TI - [The colectomized child]. PMID- 7117002 TI - [Complications following surgical therapy of Hirschsprung's disease]. PMID- 7117004 TI - [Technic and significance of the intracutaneous test with recall antigens in general surgery]. PMID- 7117006 TI - [Surgical correction of chest wall abnormalities]. AB - Cosmetic aspects often are the indication for operation in funnel chest or pigeon breast. Cardial or respiratory symptoms are only noticed in a few patients. The operative procedure according to Brunner is technically a simple method with low risk, which reaches good cosmetic and long-term results (the recurrence rate is 16,6%). Because of the higher recidivation liability after surgery in early childhood, we recommend surgical correction of the chest wall deformities after the age of 12. PMID- 7117005 TI - [The chronically altered appendix in children. Cooperative work of the Austrian Society for Pediatric Surgery]. AB - In this multicentric study the anamnestic data and parents questionaires of 2-29 children were evaluated, whose appendix vermiformis at the time of operation showed no signs of inflammation. 31,1% macroscopically showed cicatrisation or fasciation, in 13,7% other enteral or gynaecological (1%) findings were present. In 1194 of the cases of patho-histological examination of the appendix had been made of which 36.4% were negative, 37.7% showed cicatrisation, 15,0% oxyuriasis and 10,4% coproliths. In the discussion of the significance of the chronically altered non-inflamed appendix we compared patients with and without macroscopical or microscopical alterations. We came to the conclusion that the probability index as to sex, duration of symptoms, complexity of symptoms, incidence of postoperative well-being, proved the chronically altered appendix not to be an illness per se, but the result of spontaneously arrested inflammation. Since the rate of children admitted with a perforated appendix is high (15-20%) in comparison with the rate of complications after removal of non-inflamed appendices (2,9%), we believe that according to the diagnostical problems the principle can be maintained: in dubio pro operatione. PMID- 7117007 TI - [Ischemia syndrome of the upper extremities not due to cardiac causes. Proximal arterial stenosis with embolization into the periphery]. AB - Five cases are reported with the pathological entity of proximal arterial stenosis and embolization into the peripheral vascular bed. Therapeutic management, e.g. diagnostic work-up, eradication of the embolic source and embolectomy of the peripheral arterial tree - if technically feasible - seems beyond any doubt. Sometimes the diagnosis is difficult to obtain, since in the upper extremity microembolic seeds occur, posing a differential diagnosis problem. Once a partial sternotomy and in situ removal of the lesion was employed, in the remaining cases extrathoracic repair was done. In the left subclavian artery using a carotid-subclavian-anastomosis, we obtained satisfactory results, in the right subclavian and end-to-end-anastomosis was performed after resection of the diseased arterial segment. PMID- 7117008 TI - [Repair of internal carotid artery stenosis. Results of reconstruction in 129 patients]. AB - 128 Patients were operated upon consecutively since 1965 for lesions of the carotid bulb (stadium I.: n = 21;stadium II: n = 45;stadium III: n = 33; stadium IV:n - 29), a postoperative neurological deficit was noted in 4,7%, the cerebral lethality was 1,9%. The procedure was done in general anesthesia with moderate elevation of the systemic blood pressure. In case the pressure readings obtained in the stump of the internal carotid artery were below the level of 50 mm of mercury an intraluminal shunt was used. Considered an average lethality of 7% per year 48 patients died during follow-up, 5 for cerebral. 10 for internal medical reasons, in 33 cases the results of post mortem examination was not available. After a mean follow-up time of 7 years 41 patients were re-evaluated 4,8 recurrent stenoses, 2,4% intracranial and 9,4% changes in the contralateral carotid artery were detected. Only 4,8% showed abnormalities on neurological examination, which underscores the importance of non invasive diagnostic tools. PMID- 7117009 TI - [Surgery and research]. PMID- 7117010 TI - [Address by Mr. Pierre Marion, President of the Academy of Surgery]. PMID- 7117011 TI - [Immunotherapy and multiple chemotherapy in primary inflammatory breast cancer: clinical study of fifteen cases ]. PMID- 7117012 TI - [Pyogenic abscess of the liver: a study of twenty surgical cases ]. PMID- 7117013 TI - [Relaparotomies in abdominal surgery: survey and comments on 238 cases ]. PMID- 7117014 TI - [Pseudo-lithiasis of the common bile duct due to blood clots ]. PMID- 7117015 TI - [Acute digestive complications of oral contraceptives ]. PMID- 7117016 TI - [Signs of possible malignant changes in mastopathies: recognition and treatment ]. PMID- 7117017 TI - [Long term results of six arteriovenous anastomoses in patients with early necrosis of the foot due to obliterative arterial disease]. PMID- 7117018 TI - [Acute obstruction from a right paraduodenal hernia: a case report]. PMID- 7117019 TI - [Analysis of a series of 85 hepatectomies]. PMID- 7117020 TI - [Evaluation of systematic sphincterotomies in the drainage of the principal bile duct in subjects 70 to 90 years old. 76 cases with only 1 death]. PMID- 7117021 TI - [P31 nuclear magnetic resonance: a new technique for the evaluation of myocardial protection]. PMID- 7117022 TI - [Comparative study of eight sliding prostheses for tibial setting: use of a biomechanical bone model]. PMID- 7117023 TI - [Immune stimulation and nutrition in digestive surgery]. PMID- 7117024 TI - [Subphrenic abscess: treatment as seen by the thoracic surgeon]. PMID- 7117025 TI - [Sympathectomy in the palmar and plantar hyperhidrosis. Thirty seven operations]. PMID- 7117026 TI - Genome evolution in pocket gophers (genus Thomomys). I. Heterochromatin variation and speciation potential. AB - A basic dichotomy exists in the amount and chromosomal position of constitutive heterochromatin (C-bands) in species of pocket gophers, genus Thomomys. Members of the "talpoides-group" of species (e.g., T. talpoides and T. monticola) have C bands restricted to the centromeric regions. These taxa are characterized by Robertsonian patterns of karyotypic evolution. In contrast, species within the "bottae-group" are characterized by extensive amounts of heterochromatin, placed as whole-arm and apparent whole-chromosome (T. bottae) or as large interstitial blocks (T. umbrinus). These species are characterized by extensive non Robertsonian variation in karyotype, variation which may be expressed from local population polymorphism to between population or species polytypy. Within T. bottae, the number of whole-arm heterochromatic autosomes is inversely proportional to the number of uniarmed chromosomes in the complement, which ranges from 0 to 36 across the species populations. In all-biarmed karyotypic populations, upward to 60 percent of the linear length of the genome is composed of heterochromatin. Populations with extensive heterochromatin variation and those with similar amounts meet and hybridize freely in nature. The implications of these date for current ideas on the function of heterochromatin, particularly as related to speciation models, are discussed. PMID- 7117028 TI - The chromosomes of two Drosophila races: D. nasuta nasuta and D. nasuta albomicana. II. Differences between their microchromosomes. AB - The microchromosomes of the totally cross fertile Drosophila races, D. nasuta nasuta and D. nasuta albomicana have been studied in metaphase and polytene nuclei. In metaphase the microchromosome of D. n. albomicana is nearly five times longer than the homologous chromosome in D. n. nasuta. As shown by C-banding these length differences are mainly due to a massive addition of heterochromatin to the D. n. albomicana chromosome. In polytene nuclei these striking heterochromatin differences between the microchromosomes of the two Drosophila races cannot be observed. Analysis of the polytene banding pattern shows that the microchromosomes of both races differ by an inversion and by a duplication, present only in D. n. albomicana. the location and orientation of the duplicated regions in D. n. albomicana leads to a specific loop like chromosome configuration. On the basis of these differences within the Drosophila races studied it is assumed that the karyotype of D. n. albomicana is a more recent evolutionary product. PMID- 7117027 TI - Genome evolution in pocket gophers (genus Thomomys). II. Variation in cellular DNA content. AB - Cellular DNA content (2 C-value) was measured by fluorescence flow cytometry of chromomycin-A3 stained spleen cells in 2 subgenera, 5 species, and 21 subspecies of pocket gophers (genus Thomomys). The data indicate that, in Thomomys: (1) interspecific variation is extensive but, while some congeneric species differ by as much as 230%, others are identical in C-value: (2) intraspecific differentiation can be extensive with C-values differing by as much as 35%; and (3) populations of the same subspecies with apparently similar karyotypes can differ significantly in C-value. The implications of these results for hypotheses of the "adaptive" significance of C-value variation and genome evolution are discussed. PMID- 7117029 TI - Satellite DNA of Drosophila nasuta nasuta and D. n. albomicana: localization in polytene and metaphase chromosomes. AB - The DNA from the two Drosophila nasuta races, D. n. nasuta and D. n. albomicana was investigated by CsCl density gradient centrifugation. D. n. nasuta has one major AT-rich satellite DNA sequence with a density of 1.664 g/cm3, while D. n. albomicana has at least three satellites with densities of 1.674 g/cm3, 1.665 g/cm3 and 1.661 g/cm3. The isolated satellite sequences hybridize in situ to all heterochromatic regions of all metaphase chromosomes of both races. In polytene chromosomes the satellite sequences hybridize exclusively to the chromocenter. All chromosomal regions hybridizing with the satellites show also bright quinacrine fluorescence. PMID- 7117030 TI - Differential basic nucleoprotein kinetics in the two kinds of Lepidoptera spermatids: nucleate (eupyrene) and anucleate (apyrene). AB - Normal lepidopteran males produce two kinds of spermatozoa: nucleate (eupyrene) and anucleate (apyrene). Eupyrene spermatozoa have the usual type of elongate nuclei. But in apyrene spermatids, the nuclei never elongate and the chromatin remains in a telophase-like condition until enucleation occurs. The study of the differential nucleoprotein kinetics of the two types of spermatids, using the fluorescent dye sulfoflavine, shows that: (1) In the elongate eupyrene nuclei, lysine-rich nucleoproteins are replaced by arginine-rich ones, while in the non elongating apyrene nuclei only lysine-rich nucleoproteins are detected. However, nuclear elongation is not causally related to nucleoprotein transitions as transitions occur in the eupyrene spermatids after nuclear elongation. (2) The replacement of the nucleoproteins occurs in the eupyrene nuclei in a polarized manner. This may be correlated with the heterogeneous ultrastructural configuration of the chromatin fibers in elongating spermatid nuclei, as shown in other insect species. (3) Concomitantly with the eupyrene spermatid nucleoprotein transition, the cytoplasm of the head cyst cell shows an increasing amount of cytoplasmic lysine-rich proteins, while no such a phenomenon occurs in apyrene cysts. This differential pattern distribution may reflact functional differences among the two types of cysts and is probably related to the regulation of the dichotomy in lepidopteran spermatogenesis. PMID- 7117031 TI - Replication variants of the human inactive X chromosome. I. Variability within lymphocytes of single individuals. AB - The sequence of DNA replication was studied within the inactive X chromosome in human lymphocytes, by means of the FPG method. Several variants of the replication sequence were found. The number of variants in the cells of a single donor exceeded 2 in each of the 4 normal individuals studied. The phenomenon is discussed with respect to the regulation of DNA synthesis and to the cell differentiation process. PMID- 7117032 TI - Evidence that sister chromatid exchanges and chromatid breaks are two independent events. AB - The relative frequencies of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) and chromatid breaks in BrdU (5-bromodeoxyuridine) - sensitive site (lq22 leads to lq23) in Chinese hamster cells after BrdU incorporation were studied. The results show that chromatid breaks do not follow the "exchange hypothesis" and provide evidence that chromatid breaks and SCEs are two independent events despite some common features. PMID- 7117033 TI - A re-examination of chiasma terminalization and chiasma frequency in male mice. AB - The distribution and frequency of chiasmata have been analyzed in male BALB/c mice. Bivalents were classified in terms of the number of interstitial chiasmata (CH) and terminal associations (TA) present as follows: 1CH, 2CH, 1TA, 2TA, 1CH X 1TA, 1CH X 2TA, 2CH X 1TA, 2CH X 2TA and 0. We provide evidence that the TA frequently dissociates during 1st meiotic prophase. Consequently six of the observed bivalents may be derived from three basic bivalent types (namely 2CH X 2TA, 1CH X 2TA and 2TA) by dissociation of the TA according to the following schemas: (1) 2CH X 2TA leads to 2CH X 1TA leads to 2CH, (2) 1CH X 2TA leads to 1CH X 1TA leads to 1CH, and (3) 2TA leads to 1TA leads to 0. We also provide evidence that interstitial chiasmata do not move, which implies that a TA can not be formed by chiasma terminalization. The chiasma frequency estimated by assuming that terminal associations do not result from terminalized chiasmata is 17.2+/ 2.4 compared to a value of 25.4+/-2.2 calculated on the assumption of chiasma terminalization. PMID- 7117034 TI - Circannual rhythmicities of cortisol levels in the peripheral plasma of healthy subjects. AB - Seasonal variations of endocrine function have been extensively studied both in rodents and in man. However, only few studies have attempted to concomitantly evaluate and compare circadian and circannual components by inferential rhythmometric procedures. We have examined [9] circadian profiles (single cosinor: P less than 0.01) of plasma cortisol obtained from samples drawn at 4-h intervals in healthy adult subjects of both sexes (71 males, 120 females, aged 20 54 years) along a 7-year span, from 1974 to 1980. All subjects were routine synchronized. Circulating cortisol was measured by a competitive protein-binding technique and expressed as microgram/dl; intra-assay coefficient of variation was always less than 5%. Both conventional and rhythmometric analysis were used to evaluate seasonal differences of mesor, amplitude and acrophase. The population mean cosinor analyses revealed statistically significant differences as a function of the time of the year in both the circadian amplitude and acrophase. Examining data year by year revealed in 5 out of 7 annual cycles an apparent tendency to a delayed acrophase and to a reduced amplitude with advancing months towards winter. No significant changes in mesor values were found. Further fitting to a 365.25-day cosine curve of circadian parameters available for different months of an 'average' year yielded significant circannual rhythmicity for acrophase and amplitude; crest-value resulted in spring and autumn, respectively. Our data extend previous observations and are consistent with the existence of circannual variations in plasma cortisol levels in the human. In Italian people, cortisol secretion is conceivably higher in cold months; seasonal changes, on the other hand, appear to be of minor entity of at least as inferred by transverse sampling on a relatively large population. Effects of lighting regimen and of other climatological variables upon the adrenal cycle have to be considered. PMID- 7117035 TI - Circadian patterns of plasma cortisol and testosterone in chronic male alcoholics. PMID- 7117036 TI - Temporal relationship between circannual levels of luteinizing hormone and testosterone in prepubertal boys with constitutional short stature. AB - In the present study we refer the results of our researches on LH and testosterone circannual variations in 72 prepubertal boys with constitutional short stature, aged 6 to 10 years. They observed the following life schedule: nocturnal rest from 2200 to 0600, meals at 0800, 1300, 1900. Plasma samples were taken at 0800 and LH and testosterone were measured by RIA. The single independent data were fitted a cosine function to evidence any rhythm and describe its parameters. A significant circannual rhythm in the LH (annual crest time in December) and testosterone (annual crest tine in July) levels was detected, with a phase difference between the two from about 160 degree to 180 degree, i.e. an antiphase. Our data suggest that a temporal relationship may occur between the circannual secretion of LH and testosterone in prepubertal boys. PMID- 7117037 TI - Toward a medical prolepsis by chronobiology. AB - Medicine today strongly aims at prevention and optimization of diagnosis and therapy Studies tried staging and standardization of clinical trials in diseases and made search of markers for early diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. Moreover, risk factors and other variables such as predictors are now investigated more often in groups or populations of apparently healthy subjects, especially for such diseases as atherosclerosis and neoplasia. This new aspect of increasing interest may be defined as medical prolepsis (from the Greek pi rho omicron lambda eta psi iota zeta = anticipated idea). It includes early signals of disease (protopathology) as well as other signals the host shows as defence or alarm reaction. Hence, we suggest a chronobiological approach in this field, which allows to quantify health and reveals more subtle differences in many physiological variables. According to these views, we reported studies concerning humoral markers and other parameters considered as risk factors both in atherosclerosis and in some endocrine tumors. PMID- 7117038 TI - Circadian temporal structure evaluated by automatic monitoring. AB - A few aspects of the circadian time structure were evaluated in a young healthy woman, with a special reference to arterial pressure and body temperature. Both parameters were estimated by the use of automatic equipments. The present study evidences the importance and the advantages of autorhythmometry (which should be applied in every instance, but can not be omitted when measuring arterial pressure) and automatic monitoring (which warrants an excellent reproducibility of measurements). PMID- 7117039 TI - Chronobiological aspects of bronchial tone. AB - The aim of the investigation was to demonstrate the existence of cyclic variations of bronchial tone, correlated with the increase of vagal tone during nocturnal hours and with the increase of adrenergic tone in the late morning and afternoon. Twenty-five healthy subjects were tested, utilizing forced expiration curve (V/V loop), Raw and SGaw. We did not detect a statistically significant rhythm for FVC, FEV1, PEF, because they are effort-dependent parameters. On the contrary, we demonstrated significant fluctuations for V max50, FEF25.75 (acrophase in the later morning and early afternoon), for Raw (acrophase in late evening) and for SGaw (Acrophase in antiphase with Raw); these parameters are effort-independent as well as direct and sensitive indexes of the tone of peripheral and central airways. PMID- 7117040 TI - Circadian variations of sinus rate in subjects with sinus node dysfunction. AB - Circadian variations of sinus rate (SR) are well described in subjects with normal sinus node (SN). On the other hand there are no data in literature concerning the SR daily variations in patients with SN dysfunction. In order to clarify this problem we studied the SR circadian variation in healthy subjects (12) and in patients with intermittent bradycardia (11), persistent bradycardia (9) and intermittent 2:1 sino-atrial block (7). Sr was recorded utilizing ECG Holter monitoring. By histograms obtained every 2 h, maximum, modal, and minimum SR were evaluated. Time series were analyzed with a computer program for cosinor method. In the patients with normal SN, circadian periodicity in SR was confirmed with acrophase at 16(26) (Maximum SR), 16(38) (minimum SR) and 16(31) (SR mode), respectively. In patients with intermittent bradycardia a circadian rhythm was detected only in minimum SR (Acrophase: 16(51)) and in SR mode (acrophase: 16(13)). No statistically significant circadian variations of the 3 parameters of SR were observed in patients with both persistent bradycardia and sino-atrial block. These data suggest that: 1. the disappearance of the circadian periodicity is proportional to the severity of SN dysfunction; 2. the patients with intermittent bradycardia show a more normal behavior at low rates than at high ones; 3. the disappearance of circadian rhythm in patients with marked SN dysfunction can be related to the SN intrinsic involvement and/or autonomic nervous system dysfunction. PMID- 7117041 TI - Evaluation of circadian, circaseptan, and circannual periodicity of attempted suicides. AB - A retrospective investigation has been carried out on the incidence of attempted suicides registered at the Fatebenefratelli Hospital in Milano, during the span from June 27, 1978 to November 11, 1980. On a total of 451 cases, the age, sex, hour, day of the week and date of the attempted suicide have been recorded for each single case. The cosinor analysis for tau = 24 h has shown that a circadian periodicity is statistically significant both for the total of men (phi =-265 degrees +/- 17) and for the total women (phi =-285 degrees +/- 13), with p less than 0.01. The maximum incidence occurs during the later afternoon (approximately between 1700 and 1900). The results are similar to those obtained for the younger subjects only (up to 22 years), while for the following range of age, (22 to 40 years), and after 40 years, the rhythm is not so well demonstrable. As regards the circaseptan rhythm, it is quite evident for women, both up to 22 years (maximum incidence on Friday) and between 23 years and 40 years (maximum incidence Thursday), and from 40 years onwards, but it is not demonstrable for men. A circannual rhythm is demonstrable, on the contrary, both for men and women: the maximum incidence is in May for men and in February for women. PMID- 7117042 TI - Daily modifications of plasma fibrinogen platelets aggregation, Howell's time, PTT, TT, and antithrombin II in normal subjects and in patients with vascular disease. AB - The possibility of occurrence of daily variations in blood fibrinogen levels, platelets aggregation. Howell's time values and values for PTT, TT and antithrombin III was explored in 10 healthy subjects and in 10 patients with vascular disease. In normal subjects blood fibrinogen, platelets aggregation in ADP, PTT, Howell's time and TT values showed statistically significant daily variations, while the AT III values showed no significant variations over the 24 h cycle. In patients with vascular disease, on the other hand, the daily variations of the fibrinogen blood levels, of the maximum amplitude of platelets aggregation and of the Howell's values were not detected. In fact, the first two parameters remained consistently high and the third parameter remained consistently low throughout the 24-h cycle. In contrast, the PTT as well as the TT values in these patients showed statistically significant daily variations but with time patterns different than those found in normal subjects. Also, unlike to what obtained in healthy subjects, the AT III values in patients with vascular disease showed highly significant variations over the period of 24-h. PMID- 7117043 TI - Circadian temporal structure in psoriasis. AB - The unknown etiopathogenesis of psoriasis and its often unpredictable course, in spite of actual treatment, suggest the search of parameters correlated with the disease that could help to better define and treat these patients. The altered cell turnover of the psoriatic epidermis leads to hypothesize a disturbance or at least a modification of the cellular rhythm of the skin. In order to prove alterations of the circadian temporal structure in psoriasis, we have studied some easily detectable variables, registered at 3-h intervals, in both psoriatic and in healthy control subjects. The control subjects presented statistically significant circadian rhythms of oral temperature, arterial blood pressure, pulse, electrolytes, 17KS, 17-OHCS and uricemia. In the psoriatic group, only a few of these variables present a clearly reproducible circadian rhythm. Moreover these rhythms, when they are demonstrable in the patients, do not show the same circadian acrophases of the control subjects and they are also desynchronized inside the group itself. The alteration in these circadian urinary and haematic rhythms implies that in psoriasis not only the skin is involved: all the circadian structure seems to be perturbed and the cause of the disease should mot be searched only in the epidermis. PMID- 7117044 TI - Circadian temperature rhythm in intact, sham operated, gonadectomized rats. AB - Thirty-six CS rats (18 females and 18 males) have been studied: 22 gonadectomized (11 males and 11 females), 6 sham operated (3 males and 3 females) and 8 intact rats (4 males and 4 females). Three series of rectal temperature measurements have been performed: in the first one the animals were housed under strictly usual environment conditions (as far as the housing and lighting regimen was concerned); in the second one the animals were housed in metabolic cages in LD 12:12; in the third one the animals were housed in metabolic cages in DD. The mesor of temperature rhythm was always lower in ovariectomized than in intact rats, and always higher in castrated than in intact rats. PMID- 7117045 TI - Circadian rhythm of rectal temperature in young and adult rats under different conditions of food access. AB - The circadian rhythm of rectal temperature has been evaluated in young (1-month old) and adult (9 month old) female Wistar rats. The animals were housed in metabolic cages in LD 12:12 having food in powder and tap water ad libitum. The single cosinor analysis showed high statistical significance (at least p less than 0.01) in order to circadian rhythm of rectal temperature. The comparisons of the mean cosinor evaluations of circadian rhythm in the 2 differently aged groups do not show significantly different parameters for a 95% of confidence. Two more groups of animals, of the same age, strain, sex and environmental conditions, have been studied. These rats had food admittance in the first 4 h of the dark span (1200.1600) only. In this case too, no significant difference has been evidenced between young and adult rats in any parameters of circadian rhythm for a 95% of confidence. Therefore the 2 pools of animals (young and adult one together because of the already demonstrated lack of difference between the 2 groups) in ad libitum and restricted feeding regimen have been compared. No significant difference has been shown between the 2 groups regarding mesor, while Hotelling's test showed significant differences for amplitude and acrophase. PMID- 7117046 TI - Chronobiological study of pituitary adenomas and of the empty sella syndrome. AB - A chronobiological study was carried out in pituitary GH- and PRL-secreting adenomas and in the empty sella syndrome. The circadian rhythms of plasma GH and plasma PRL were abolished respectively in GH- and PRL-secreting pituitary tumors, and they were again detectable after selective transsphenoidal adenomectomy. In the empty sella syndrome only the chrono-organization of GH secretion was disturbed, whereas plasma PRL exhibited the usual circadian pattern. A normal circadian rhythmicity of plasma cortisol was demonstrable in the 3 groups of patients. The diagnostic significance of the chronobiological findings obtained is discussed. PMID- 7117047 TI - Circadian variation of aldosterone urinary excretion in idiopathic hypertension. AB - Daily variations of the urinary aldosterone excretion have been studied in 8 hypertensive and in 4 normotensive women. The examined subjects did not receive any drug for at least two weeks before the study and were under the same standardized life-conditions. The urine samples were collected every 3 h for two consecutive days. Population mean cosinor analysis by Halberg did not yield a statistically significant rhythm of aldosterone urinary excretion in the hypertensive group. Further investigation of the temporal structure of the renin angiotensin-aldosterone system is therefore necessary. PMID- 7117048 TI - Electrolyte urinary excretion in hypertensive conditions. AB - Daily variations of electrolyte excretion have been studied in 8 hypertensive and in 4 normotensive women by collecting urine samples every 3 h for a 48-h span. After noticing the absence of a statistically significant circadian rhythm in the hypertensive group, the Authors suggest the hypothesis that a prolonged treatment with diuretic drugs may cause kidney troubles and suppress the circadian rhythm of urinary electrolyte excretion. The Authors conclude affirming that this hypothesis needs further investigation to allow a better chronotherapy of the hypertensive disease in the future. PMID- 7117050 TI - An epiiluminator/detector unit permitting arc lamp illumination for fluorescence activated cell sorters. AB - The application of arc lamps to flow cytometers is discussed and epiillumination for jet-in-air cell sorters is introduced. An epiilluminator/detector unit equipped with a mercury arc lamp constructed for a commercially available cell sorter is described. Experiments in which laser and mercury arc lamp illumination were compared show that the signal-to-noise ratio for the arc lamp illumination is predominantly limited by shot noise from constant light backgrounds due to reflected excitation light and ambient light. Arc lamp illumination can be used for the sorting of highly fluorescent objects such as cells stained for DNA by for example: ethidium bromide, propidium iodide, or the Hoechst dyes. The simultaneous employment of mercury arc and laser light sources as an inexpensive dual wavelength system is discussed. PMID- 7117049 TI - Essential hypertension, chronobiological study of the circadian variations in urinary excretion of free catecholamines. AB - Arterial blood pressure and urinary free catecholamine excretion of 8 hypertensive and 4 normotensive women have been evaluated by 3-h interval samples for 2 consecutive days. After noticing the effects of sleep on the arterial blood pressure and on the daily variation of urinary free catecholamine excretion, the authors examined the possible different role of the adrenergic system in hypertensive subjects. PMID- 7117051 TI - A hematology data-logging terminal. AB - Intended as a link between a central analysis facility and remote microscope analyzers at international sites, a data-logging terminal has been developed which exploits basic analyzer control and data acquisition capabilities. The terminal depends on the analyzer's ability to assimilate, interpret, and respond to external commands transferred through its standard communications interface. Within the limits of the analyzer's high-level control language, the data-logging terminal is able to direct microscope operation and data acquisition as well as to initiate algorithms. Internal instrument algorithms can then establish and maintain focus, acquire specified objects, direct various scene segmentation sequences, and execute feature extractions. The data-logging terminal can thus command the analyzer to find scenes of interest and extract data from them. User access to a limited instrument operating interface is provided through its keyboard and alphanumeric display. The terminal can also request and receive image, feature, or count data over the communications interface. Such data are recorded, together with identifiers entered through the keyboard, onto diskettes which may be transferred by mail or telecommunications for processing with the image analysis and pattern recognition techniques available at the central analysis facility. Anticipated applications include evaluation of sample preparation techniques, correlation of image data with sampling conditions, training of special classifiers, and analysis of instrument performance. PMID- 7117053 TI - A polycarbonate filter technique for collection of sorted cells. AB - We describe the application of polycarbonate filters to the collection of cells sorted by flow cytometry. Cells are sorted directly onto polycarbonate filters and transferred to microscope slides which are then processed to dissolve the filter and remove pore outlines. The technique results in cell preparations which retain cellular morphology and have high cell recovery of 82-100%. PMID- 7117052 TI - Ploidy, proliferative activity and estrogen receptor content in human breast cancer. AB - Tumor samples from 80 patients with breast cancer (43 primary, 37 metastatic) were analyzed for ploidy and proliferative activity using DNA flow cytometry. Sixty-one tumors (40 primary, 21 metastatic) were also analyzed for estrogen receptor content. Eighty-five percent of all tumors had an abnormal DNA content. The majority of tumors were hyperdiploid (65%). Seventy-three tumors had a unimodal ploidy distribution, while in seven cases two distinct aneuploid subpopulations were identified. The degree of ploidy abnormality was not related to extent of disease or menopausal status, but was higher (DNA index greater than 1.5) in poorly differentiated tumors (p = 0.05). ER-positive tumors were more often diploid (7 of 31) than ER-negative tumors (3 of 30, p = 0.16). DNA content was constant in biopsies from multiple sites in 5 patients with metastatic disease and in serial biopsies over the course of the disease. High proliferative activity (percent cells in S-phase) was more often associated with ER-negative tumors than ER-positive tumors (p = 0.03). However, in all subgroups analyzed a wide range of values was noted. We conclude that flow cytometric analysis of cellular DNA content provides a rapid means of quantitating ploidy and proliferative activity in human breast cancer. Ploidy abnormalities were common, stable, and usually unimodal. Proliferative activity was inversely related to estrogen receptor content. PMID- 7117054 TI - Cancer in the excluded rectum following surgery for inflammatory bowel disease. AB - The procedure of choice in the emergency surgical management of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's colitis is often subtotal colectomy and ileostomy. Further surgery of the retained rectum may be delayed, sometimes for many years. The risk of malignant change in ulcerative colitis is well documented; the cancer risk seems to be much less in Crohn's disease. Five cases are reported where carcinoma developed in the out-of-circuit rectal stump after subtotal colectomy, three cases of ulcerative colitis, and two of Crohn's disease. The importance of regular surveillance or removal of an excluded rectum is emphasized. PMID- 7117055 TI - The role of internal sphincter in chronic anal fissures. AB - Changes in anal sphincteric manometric pressures in response to rectal distention were measured in eight patients with chronic anal fissures and were compared with those of ten controls. No statistically different resting pressures were noted between the two groups. Overshoot phenomenon was more commonly seen in patients with fissure. There were no differences in the anal sphincteric pressures after lateral internal sphincterotomy (LIS) or fissurectomy midline sphincterotomy (FMS). All fissures healed postoperatively, irrespective of the surgical technique (LIS or FMS) or the pressure readings. It can be concluded that the therapeutic effect of sphincterotomies might at least in part be due to anatomic widening of the anal canal rather than to decreased resting pressures of the internal sphincter. PMID- 7117056 TI - Repair of paracolostomy hernias with Marlex mesh. AB - The author's limited experience with the use of Marlex mesh to repair large paracolostomy hernias on five patients supports the experiences of others who have used this method of repair. The use of synthetic material in the repair of these often troublesome hernias is by no means conclusive since it was used only in a small number of patients. However, it is encouraging enough to warrant further use. PMID- 7117057 TI - Colonoscopy: its role in cancer of the colon and rectum. AB - In order to determine the feasibility, yield, and impact of routine total colonoscopy on the management of large-bowel cancer, 157 cancer patients underwent 175 colonoscopic procedures; 13.6 per cent of the cancers had been missed on double-contrast barium enema examination. Among 92 patients undergoing perioperative colonoscopy, the lesion was reached in 90 per cent and the cecum in 60 per cent; 7.6 per cent demonstrated synchronous cancers, all curable, and all missed on barium-enema examination. Seventy-eight patients underwent colonoscopy at an average of 3.7 years after treatment of the index cancer; 7.7 per cent demonstrated metachronous cancers, all curable, two-thirds of which were missed on barium-enema examination. Benign polyps were noted in 62 per cent of the patients studied; 77 per cent of those polyps, 1 cm or greater in size, were missed on barium-enema examination. Polyps were found proximal to the cancer in 60 per cent of the patients with polyps. Approximately 85 per cent of those with multiple cancers demonstrated benign polyps. Preoperative total colonoscopy with periodic postoperative colonoscopy at an interval of three to five years are essential in the reliable detection of synchronous cancers and for the detection of metachronous cancers at an earlier, more favorable stage. PMID- 7117058 TI - Tennessee antigen: its value in the monitoring of patients with colorectal cancer. AB - Serial estimations of serum Tennessee antigen have been performed at regular three-month intervals on 35 patients with colorectal cancer who had undergone resection of all macroscopically obvious tumor but who were considered to be at high risk of developing subsequent metastases. The results were interpreted by a panel of surgeons in order to assess the clinical relevance of using serum Tennessee antigen for monitoring of patients. The serial estimation of serum Tennessee antigen was found to be very variable, difficult to interpret, and clinically unreliable as an accurate marker for the development of recurrent cancer in this group of patients. There are unacceptably high false-positive and false-negative diagnostic rates for serum Tennessee antigen estimations in comparison with serial estimations of carcinoembryonic antigen. PMID- 7117059 TI - The changing distribution of large intestinal cancer. AB - In recent years, several accounts have reported a proximal migration of colorectal cancer. To determine the experience at the Jewish General Hospital in Montreal, 1044 cases of large-bowel cancer that presented between the years 1955 and 1978 were analyzed. The colon was arbitrarily divided into five anatomic regions, and the distribution of cancer in each region for each of eight three year periods was calculated. An increase in right-sided lesions occurred from 15.6 per cent in the first three-year period to 37.6 per cent in the final three year period (P less than 0.01). No significant change occurred in transverse and left-colon lesions. An increase in sigmoid carcinomas occurred from 14 per cent to 35 per cent (P less than 0.01). A dramatic decrease in rectal carcinoma from 53 per cent to 2.1 per cent occurred (p less than 0.001). These findings imply that methods for the early detection and screening of large-bowel carcinoma should be directed at the entire colon rather than the distal 25 cm. PMID- 7117060 TI - Prophylaxis of deep venous thrombosis in colorectal surgery. AB - A group of 230 patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery was analyzed for the presence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Prophylaxis against DVT was practiced with low-dose heparin (either 5000 IU every eight hours, or 5000 IU every 12 hours for seven days) in 199 patients. Prevention of infection was attempted with preoperative administration of Enterobiotic in 155 patients and of Vibramycin in 11 patients. DVT was diagnosed in 46 patients. The frequency of DVT did not differ significantly between patients who underwent resections of the colon and those who underwent rectal surgery. DVT was diagnosed in 27 of the 73 infected patients, which was significantly higher than the incidence of 19 with DVT among the 157 uninfected patients. The frequency of DVT among patients in the two heparin regimens was 15 and 17 per cent respectively, which was significantly lower than with untreated patients. No lethal pulmonary embolism was found and no patient showed clinical signs of embolism. It is assumed that measures aimed at reducing postoperative infection, combined with low-dose heparin, will reduce the incidence of postoperative DVT after colorectal surgery. PMID- 7117061 TI - Closure of terminal and loop colostomy. AB - The clinical course after closing of a temporary colostomy was studied in 56 patients, 26 with loop colostomy and 30 with terminal colostomy. No significant difference was found in the complication rate or hospital stay between the two groups. It is concluded that terminal colostomy is preferable, as a standard procedure, because it is more acceptable to the patient and gives a complete diversion of the fecal stream. PMID- 7117062 TI - Metachronous colorectal malignancies. AB - Sixty-two patients with metachronous colorectal malignancies who underwent surgery at the Mayo Clinic were reviewed. Fifty per cent of the patients developed a second carcinoma within 5.5 years from the time of resection of their first tumor, and the time interval for the entire group ranged from one to 23 years. Adenomas of the colon or rectum occurred in 25 of the 62 patients (40 per cent). A negative correlation was noted between the age of the patients at the time of their first operation and the time interval in years from the first to second resections. The five-year cumulative probability of survival of the 62 patients after resection of the metachronous lesions was 59 per cent. Seven of the 62 patients (11 per cent) developed a third metachronous lesion. Adequate treatment for metachronous colorectal malignancies should imply surgery with a curative intent, and after resection of a first colorectal carcinoma, lifelong, periodic, total colonic evaluation is essential. PMID- 7117063 TI - Providing sexual information to ostomy patients. AB - Forty patients with a permanent colostomy, ileostomy, or ileal conduit were interviewed. Besides changes in sexual performance postoperatively, the authors specifically attempted to determine answers to other sexual variables such as attractiveness, appliance problems, and partner reactions. The extent of information provided to patients on sexuality prior to the permanent ostomy was also examined. There was a significant but predictable incidence of male impotence and female dyspareunia after surgery. Despite innumerable sexual variables, other than performance, which these patients faced postoperatively, 42 per cent received no information regarding sexuality at the time of ostomy surgery. most patients (97.5 per cent) stated that sexuality, including variables other than performance, should be discussed primarily by the surgeon prior to permanent ostomy surgery. The enterostomal therapist has an important role in the total patient adjustment in the long-term postoperative period. PMID- 7117065 TI - Acute colitis and the hemolytic-uremic syndrome. PMID- 7117064 TI - Total colectomy and the cancer family syndrome: report of a case. AB - A case is reported of a 47-year-old man with a family history consistent with Cancer Family Syndrome (CFS), who manifested proximal colon carcinoma. On the authors' recommendation, with the knowledge that the colon in CFS shows an inordinate lifelong susceptibility to malignant neoplastic transformation, a total abdominal colectomy was performed. The resected colon was found to contain an additional occult carcinoma distal to the primary lesions. Knowledge of this phenomena is critical to the management of CFS. PMID- 7117066 TI - Peutz-Jeghers polyp with several foci of glandular dysplasia: report of a case. AB - A case of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome in which one colonic polyp showed many foci of glandular dysplasia is reported. Peutz-Jeghers polyps are considered to be hamartomatous, and their malignant potential has been considered doubtful. This case is valuable because foci of glandular dysplasia existed within hyperplastic glands. Glands of Peutz-Jeghers polyps are proliferative in nature, and therefore it is not surprising that there are areas of glandular dysplasia and of cancerous change. PMID- 7117067 TI - Combined abdominoperineal approach to repair of postoperative perineal hernia. PMID- 7117068 TI - Coexisting Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis: report of a case. PMID- 7117069 TI - The diagnosis of colonic obstruction. AB - The most common cause of colonic obstruction is adenocarcinoma, followed by diverticulitis, volvulus, and a variety of miscellaneous causes. Most signs and symptoms, from whatever cause, consist of abdominal pain with distention and the inability to pass flatus or stool. The clinical diagnosis is confirmed by x-ray studies. Plain films of the abdomen in various positions, chest films, and the addition of contrast studies verify the cause of the obstruction in most instances. The differentiation between neoplasm and diverticulitis causing the obstruction can be difficult or impossible at times, and may become apparent only after the obstruction begins to resolve with conservative management, or the cause is discovered at surgery. The history of previous abdominal or pelvic irradiation, surgery, and inflammatory bowel disease often causes difficulty in the differential diagnosis. PMID- 7117070 TI - Volvulus of the splenic flexure. PMID- 7117071 TI - Cefamandole preparation for colonic surgery. PMID- 7117072 TI - Heterotopic gastric tissue in the duodenum: a report of eight cases. AB - Eight patients with intraduodenal gastric heterotopic are described. Seven were under investigation for x-ray-negative dyspepsia, and one presented with repeated attacks of hematemesis. As all of these cases were diagnosed by the use of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and biopsy under direct vision, it is likely that more widespread use of these techniques will lead to an increase in the reported incidence of a condition previously thought to be rare. PMID- 7117073 TI - Clinical course of esophageal stricture managed by bougienage. AB - To define the clinical course of patients with benign esophageal stricture treated with bougienage, we received the records of 76 patients undergoing dilatation. Patients with the diagnosis of scleroderma and those with previous hiatal hernia repair or gastric surgery were excluded. Initial evaluation included contrast study, esophagoscopy, and biopsy. Patients underwent a series of dilatations until a 44-Fr or larger bougie was passed. Patients were then instructed to return for recurrence of dysphagia. In this group, mean duration of follow-up from the first dilatation was 21.1 months. A total of 569 dilatations were performed with one major complication and no mortality. Benign esophageal stricture recurred in 65% of patients. After two or more recurrences, the likelihood of requiring an additional dilatation was 86--94% after each recurrence. The interval between required dilatations was variable; however, after 8 dilatations, it approximated once monthly. The shorter mean follow-up time of patients requiring a single dilatation (9.7 months) compared to those requiring multiple dilatations (28.8 months) suggests that the recurrence rates noted in this study are underestimations. In spite of high recurrence rates and short recurrence intervals, the low morbidity and absent mortality over long-term follow-up suggests that repeated bougienage is an effective modality for the management of benign esophageal stricture. PMID- 7117074 TI - Hepatic iron stores and markers of iron overload in alcoholics and patients with idiopathic hemochromatosis. AB - Liver iron concentrations were determined in 60 alcoholics with liver disease of varying severity, 15 patients with untreated idiopathic hemochromatosis, and 16 control subjects with biliary tract disease. Mean liver iron concentrations (microgram/100 mg dry weight) were significantly greater in the alcoholics (156.4 +/- 7.8 (SEM); P less than 0.05) and in patients with idiopathic hemochromatosis (2094.5 +/- 230.7; P less than 0.01) than in control subjects (53.0 +/- 7.0). Liver iron concentrations of greater than 140 micrograms/100 were found in 17 alcoholics (29%) and in all 15 patients with idiopathic hemochromatosis. Liver iron concentrations greater than 1000 micrograms/100 mg were found in all patients with idiopathic hemochromatosis but in none of the alcoholics. In the alcoholics no relationship existed between liver iron concentrations and the amount of alcohol consumed daily, the length of the drinking history, the amount of beverage iron consumed daily, or the severity of the liver disease. Serum ferritin concentrations reflected iron stores in patients with hemochromatosis and in alcoholics with minimal liver disease. However, in alcoholics with significant liver disease serum ferritin concentrations did not reflect iron stores accurately, although with normal values iron overload is unlikely. Serum iron concentration and percentage saturation of total iron-binding capacity were of little value in assessing iron status in either alcoholics or patients with hemochromatosis. Measurement of the liver iron concentration clearly differentiates between alcoholics with significant siderosis and patients with idiopathic hemochromatosis. PMID- 7117075 TI - Histological variations of the duodenal mucosa in chronic human pancreatitis. AB - From 16 volunteers with chronic pancreatitis and 36 healthy subjects duodenal biopsies were taken 15--20 cm beyond the papilla of Vater. Several morphometric parameters were calculated. The main results show: a significant decrease of villous area and height but not of the number of intestinal villi; a significant increase of Paneth cells; and a slight decrease in the number of glandular mitoses. This study suggests in man, a possible relationship between exocrine pancreatic secretion and the intestinal mucosa and a trophic action of pancreatic juice on the proliferation and the differentiation of the intestinal mucosa. PMID- 7117076 TI - Antiinflammatory agents protect opossum esophagus during radiotherapy. AB - Eighteen opossums received 2250 rad 60Co to the entire esophagus and lower esophageal sphincter. Animals received treatment with 600 mg aspirin, 25 mg/kg hydrocortisone, or saline before irradiation and twice daily for 1 week after irradiation. At 10 days postirradiation, animals were evaluated for signs of acute esophagitis by esophagoscopy and barium esophagram. Each animal was then killed and the esophagus removed and evaluated histologically. Animals treated with either aspirin or hydrocortisone had significantly milder esophagitis than control irradiated animals. PMID- 7117077 TI - Extensive gastrointestinal damage following a saline emetic. AB - A 27-year old female received about 1 kg of salt in about 600 ml of water as an emetic after a self-poisoning attempt. Vomiting did not occur and massive necrosis of gastric, duodenal, and jejunal mucosa resulted in a severe and prolonged illness which required 31 weeks of continuous hospital care and 31 laparotomies over a period of 16 months. The dangers of salt emesis are emphasized. PMID- 7117078 TI - Juvenile polyps associated with protein-losing enteropathy. PMID- 7117079 TI - A solitary juvenile polyp with hyperplastic and adenomatous glands. AB - This report describes a 21-year-old man with chronic rectal bleeding, who was found to have a solitary juvenile polyp containing hyperplastic and adenomatous glands. This admixture of glandular elements has not been clearly recognized previously. The significance of this finding is uncertain at this time. Since adenomatous polyps are considered premalignant lesions, and juvenile polyps have been associated with colon cancer, we recommend that juvenile polyps with adenomatous glands also be regarded as premalignant lesions. PMID- 7117080 TI - Gas within the wall of the stomach report of a case and review of the literature. AB - Gas within the stomach wall is a rare occurrence. A case of intramural gas is presented. When air or gas is seen within the gastric wall on x-ray, gastric emphysema, emphysematous gastritis, or pneumatosis intestinalis is diagnosed. These classifications have become vague and contradictory. Gas in the gastric wall can only come from the environment or have been produced within the wall. Gastric emphysema and emphysematous gastritis refer to these situations, respectively. These classifications are expanded and pneumatosis intestinalis is deleted as a clinical or pathological diagnosis. PMID- 7117081 TI - Treatment of proctalgia fugax. PMID- 7117082 TI - Campylobacter jejuni relapsing colitis. PMID- 7117083 TI - Human gastrin and gastric potential difference. PMID- 7117084 TI - Haloperidol teratogenicity in the fetal hamster. AB - Haloperidol, administered as a single intraperitoneal injection on day 8 of gestation, produced a variety of fetal malformations in hamsters. Fetal defects included exencephaly, cranioschisis, microphthalmia, anophthalmia, lower body hypodevelopment, and total body hypodevelopment. A dose-response relationship was evident as 80-245 mg/kg produced from 3 to 70% fetal anomalies. PMID- 7117085 TI - Body water content, ethanol pharmacokinetics, and the responsiveness to ethanol in young and old rats. AB - Total body water was determined by desiccation of samples of 6 young (5-7 months) and 6 old (24-26 months) female CD strain rats and was observed to contribute 58.8 +/- 1.4 and 45.8 +/- 1.7% to the total body mass of the respective groups. The values obtained were used to construct an equation (linear regression: body weight vs. percent body water) with which to estimate the body water content of living subjects (n = 10 each) of the same populations, using body weight as the predictive variable. Doses of ethanol estimated to produce similar drug concentrations in the body water compartments were administered to old and young subjects and were observed to produce similar blood ethanol disappearance curves in both groups of rats. The regional brain concentrations of ethanol were found to be highest in the pons-medulla and lowest in the midbrain. On a region-by region basis the values obtained for young rats were observed to more closely approximate the concentrations of ethanol in the neck blood than were the values obtained from the analysis of brain tissue from old rats. Old and young subjects dosed on the basis of predicted equivalent dilution of ethanol in body water did not differ noticeably in their response to ethanol hypothermia. PMID- 7117086 TI - Toxic haloperidol reactions with observation of serum haloperidol concentration in two children. AB - In 2 children who accidentally received haloperidol (0.26 mg/kg in one and 0.10 mg/kg in another) from a prescription error, haloperidol concentrations in serum in both cases and in cerebrospinal fluid in one case were measured with the radioimmunoassay method during the development of the toxic drug reactions. The serum haloperidol concentrations in both cases were far beyond the proposed therapeutic range in children. Our cases are generally compatible with previous findings of others and indicate that the intensity and/or incidence of toxic reactions of haloperidol may be related to plasma concentrations. PMID- 7117087 TI - Cross validation of serum to saliva relationships of caffeine, theophylline and total methylxanthines in neonates. AB - We have previously described the relationships of serum and saliva concentrations of caffeine, theophylline and total methylxanthines in premature infants. We have now extended the previous studies in order to validate the previously derived relationships with new data. The new serum to saliva relationships, derived using regression and ratio models, are cross validated against the relationships from the previous data, and vice versa. A good cross validation was observed for caffeine and total methylxanthine concentrations in infants treated with caffeine. In the theophylline treatment group, theophylline concentrations did not cross validate well, whereas the total methylxanthine concentrations did. Since in vivo conversion of theophylline to caffeine and vice versa may affect the individual methylxanthine relationships, the total methylxanthine equations are recommended for predicting serum concentrations from salivary concentrations. PMID- 7117088 TI - Effect of thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide on audiogenic seizures in DBA/2J mice. AB - Weanling mice of the DBA/2J strain are spontaneously audiogenically seizure prone between 19 and 24 days. Thereafter, susceptibility declines rapidly within the next 7-10 days. It was found that thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide (TTFD) significantly delayed the natural disappearance of seizure proneness in male animals compared with controls treated with identical doses of saline. There was no significant difference between treated females and controls. Evidence is presented that suggests that TTFD is cholinergic in its action and has pharmacologic effects other than a simple vitamin replacement. The difference between males and females found in this strain of mouse in this experiment is consistent with previous information which indicates that sex-related differences exist in their response to stress. PMID- 7117089 TI - Indomethacin and the preterm infant with a patent ductus arteriosus: relationship between plasma concentration and ductus closure. AB - The relationship of indomethacin pharmacokinetics to clinical and echocardiographic evidence of closure of the patient ductus arteriosus (PDA) is described in 9 preterm infants. PDA closures occurred in 4 infants when peak indomethacin plasma concentrations were 0.71-1.10 micrograms/ml, mean 0.93 +/- 0.16 microgram/ml. With partial or no PDA response to oral treatment, the peak concentrations were 0.20-0.69 microgram/ml, mean 0.57 +/- 0.08 microgram/ml, p less than 0.01. The left atrial size in the study infants correlated inversely with the indomethacin peak concentrations, r = 0.75. The plasma apparent terminal half-life correlated with postnatal age, r = 0.75. All patients with peak concentrations greater than 0.50 microgram/ml had transient oliguria. This study suggests that a minimum indomethacin concentration may be needed to promote PDA constriction. PMID- 7117090 TI - Bilirubin-albumin binding in neonatal salicylate intoxication. AB - Impaired bilirubin-albumin binding (peroxidase method) was found in serum from a salicylate-toxic neonate. Bilirubin binding improved with serum dilution, indicating weak, competitive salicylate binding. The competitive effect of salicylate was much less than expected from calculations using data from the literature. This occurs because salicylate displaces bilirubin only from the primary bilirubin binding site, and the displaced bilirubin is buffered by secondary bilirubin binding sites. Binding data for salicylate and bilirubin are used to derive guidelines for the clinical management of jaundice in the salicylate-toxic neonate. PMID- 7117091 TI - Factors influencing outcome of pregnancy in heavy-drinking women. AB - 18 pregnant women identified as heavy drinkers by the criteria of Cahalan et al., gave birth to 6 normal infants, 5 infants with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and 7 with partial FAS. Average daily alcohol consumption of mothers of normal infants was less than that of mothers of FAS and partial FAS infants. Lower socioeconomic class, higher parity and increased use of tobacco and other drugs were non alcohol-related maternal factors which appeared to influence the outcome of pregnancy in heavy-drinking women. PMID- 7117092 TI - Total body digoxin clearance and steady-state concentrations in low birth weight infants. AB - Serial serum digoxin concentrations were measured over a 10-day period in 15 low birth weight infants requiring digoxin therapy. The calculated total body digoxin clearance (TBDC) was found to be highly dependent on gestational age and body weight, with dose-normalized, steady-state digoxin concentrations inversely related to the same factors. Because of the decreased TBDC in low birth weight infants, our data support the recent recommendations in the literature to reduce maintenance doses of digoxin in these infants. Our study has further demonstrated that the reduction should be proportional to both gestational age and body weight. PMID- 7117093 TI - Transfer of ritodrine and norepinephrine in human placenta: in vitro study. AB - The placental transfer from maternal to fetal circulation of ritodrine, a tocolytic agent used in obstetrics and of a structurally related physiologic catecholamine, norepinephrine was studied in vitro using dual perfusion of isolated human placental lobules. The clearances of ritodrine and norepinephrine represent 34 and 24% respectively of tritiated water clearance taken as reference. The relatively low ritodrine clearance may be explained by its small molecular weight and hydrosoluble nature, but not that of norepinephrine. For the latter, a strong membrane limitation and efficient placental catabolism may be implicated. We conclude that some of the fetal effects of maternal infusion of these amines are the result of the method in which the drug is transferred. PMID- 7117094 TI - Effect of epidural anesthesia and surgery on serum thyroid hormone and cortisol levels in the gravid ewe. AB - The effects of epidural anesthesia and surgery on serum iodothyronine and cortisol levels were studied in 10 gravid ewes during the last trimester. The mean serum T3 concentration was significantly decreased 24 h after surgery, returning to the preanesthesia level at 48 h. The mean serum rT3 and cortisol levels were significantly increased after the start of anesthesia and surgery, returning to baseline levels after 48 h. There was a significant positive correlation between the rT3/T3 ratio and serum cortisol values. In the chronic ovine fetal-maternal model, studies which may be affected by corticosteroids of thyroid hormones should be delayed for at least 48 h following surgery to allow maternal serum iodothyronine and cortisol concentrations to return to baseline values. PMID- 7117095 TI - Disproportionate growth of organs and body weight following glucocorticoid treatment of the rat fetus. AB - The effects of pharmacologic doses of dexamethasone, betamethasone, and cortisone given to pregnant rats on gestation days 12 and 13 were studied in mothers and fetuses on gestation day 21. Dexamethasone and betamethasone treatment resulted in a significant decrease in maternal and fetal weight gain, occurrence of cleft palate and omphalocele, and impaired growth of fetal heart, liver, adrenals, kidneys, and skeletal muscle. Cortisone produced fewer developmental defects and less impairment of growth of fetal weight and other organs. Corynebacterium kutscheri infections occurred in pregnant rats treated with dexamethasone but not in rats treated with betamethasone or cortisone. The analogues had widely different effects on organ growth and on the ratios of organ weight to body weight. The findings indicate that proportionate growth of fetal organs and body weight is disturbed by glucocorticoid treatment in rats. PMID- 7117096 TI - Radiological services throughout the world. AB - WHO's statistics show the doctor-to-population ratio in the Third World to have changed very little over the past decade, with radiological services among the least developed medical branches of a developing country's health care system. Data is presented on population/machine/personnel ratios, morbidity patterns, number of X-ray examinations per population and films taken, percentage of wasted film, and breakdown of types of procedures. Data collected from 89 countries show that of a total population of 1.2 billion, only 220 million have access to adequate diagnostic X-ray services. A well-structured diagnostic X-ray service at the country level should form a pyramid consisting of three levels of sophistication: (1) Basic Radiological Service (BRS), the broad base of the pyramid and available to the mass of the population requiring uncomplicated radiographic examinations; (2) General Purpose Radiological Service (GPRS), at the intermediate level, functioning as a backup service for the BRS facility and a filter station for the sophisticated department at the top; (3) Specialized Radiological Service (SRS), performing specialized radiodiagnostic procedures, and undertaking research and training. This pyramid structure does not at present exist in the majority of countries. Adequate coverage of the population cannot be achieved unless X-ray facilities are made available in places near to where the majority of the population live. The BRS comprises a technical concept and teaching/learning programme representing a solution to the present unsatisfactory situation. PMID- 7117097 TI - Rural radiography in Zambia--limitations of the present. PMID- 7117098 TI - Trauma in the rural areas of Western Nigeria and the need for basic radiological services. AB - Trauma requiring radiological investigation in rural areas of Nigeria is mainly the result of road accidents and occupational or domestic injuries. The latter account for 21% of all trauma, and males are far more commonly affected. Treatment is often delayed because of the long distances which patients must travel to district hospitals where radiological facilities are available. These injuries often become heavily infected. Some go to traditional healers who do not require radiological investigation before treatment. The consequence is high mortality and morbidity. The delay in treatment also affects other medical problems which require radiological investigations at the primary care level. A basic radiological service in the primary care centres will indisputably improve the present situation and attract more doctors to work in these areas. PMID- 7117100 TI - Experiences with a basic radiographic system (BRS-WHO). PMID- 7117099 TI - Influence of industrialization on an African urban community. AB - There is a steady trend towards urbanization in all countries, especially in developing countries. This leads to concentration of medical care, adding to road traffic congestion. In one hospital in South Africa the number of patients X rayed increased significantly, from 80,402 in 1977 to 96,251 in 1980. 62% of all the patients were from casualty or outpatient clinics. Only 20% of the ambulatory patients were admitted. About 50% of all patients X-rayed were, therefore, not hospitalized. Most of them required relatively simple X-ray examinations, whereas inpatients needed more complex procedures. Building bigger hospitals and X-ray departments may not be the correct solution. Decentralized and cheaper facilities may be better and would also decrease the load on the larger and more complex X ray departments. PMID- 7117101 TI - The technical manual and the diagnostic manual for the basic radiological system. AB - An Advisory Group for the World Health Organization has devised a technique manual for use with the Basic Radiological System (BRS). This provides a step-by step illustration for all the techniques which are likely to be required in rural or small hospitals anywhere. The manual can be modified to match the BRS units produced by different manufacturers. The cooperation of the local trained radiographers will be necessary at the time of installation. A similar manual has been produced for hand-processing using a time-temperature relationship. A diagnostic interpretation manual has been devised to match the BRS projections. This will aid the doctor who has to interpret the films without a radiologist. PMID- 7117102 TI - Processing medical X-ray film at ambient temperatures. PMID- 7117103 TI - Training of auxiliary radiographers in Tanzania. PMID- 7117104 TI - Diagnostic radiology training for radiographers and physicians in Greenland. A model for areas with scattered population? PMID- 7117105 TI - Lessons learned from a radiologic paramedic training effort in Nicaragua. PMID- 7117106 TI - Mexican morbidity as a starting point for radiological planning. AB - A meeting was held in Mexico City in 1980 to discuss the situation of diagnostic radiology in Latin America. X-ray departments are part of the medical care system of each country, utilized mainly in diagnosis. There are various approaches to health care, some of which are political, but technology should be used for its own value only. Social needs must be defined and the availability and costs studied. Priorities must also be defined. 80% of the morbidity is related to socioeconomic factors. Resources cannot satisfy demand, but should be concentrated on the most common problems. This should be the beginning of an ongoing analysis searching for the solutions for diagnostic radiology in Latin America. PMID- 7117107 TI - Traumatology in rural Kenya. Role of simple X-ray services. AB - Kenya with a population of 16 million has 143 X-ray units of which 119 provide services to the rural areas. Figures from these units show that trauma cases form the major work load in most rural X-ray departments, followed by chest radiography; the incidence of trauma radiography diminishes significantly in the smaller peripheral health centers. The commonest form of trauma is to the limbs and skull; motor vehicle accidents constitute the major cause. The role of X-rays in diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of trauma is extremely important at the district hospitals where there is a doctor. However, at subdistrict hospitals and health centers this importance decreases proportionately to the availability of (1) trained personnel with ability to interpret X-rays and (2) facilities to treat trauma. PMID- 7117108 TI - A basic X-ray service for a rural community in Southwestern Nigeria 1976-1980. A preliminary report. AB - The development of a basic X-ray service in a rural community in southwestern Nigeria is reviewed over a period of 5 years. Of the 3,278 examinations done during this period, chest X-rays constituted 56%. Most of the other examinations were requested on account of trauma of upper and lower extremities: 42 and 43%, respectively. Injuries to the elbow region constituted half of the X-rays for the upper extremities. There was an early upsurge of attendance for all X-rays reaching its peak at the first 2 years of the project, but a stable state was soon established within the subsequent 3 years. The non-chest examinations remained equally divided between the years under review. It is estimated that the introduction of the X-ray service has saved the community some 6,600 working days or 18 years in the 56-month period. This estimate excludes transportation for the accompanying relatives. PMID- 7117109 TI - Radiological services at health centre level in Scotland. AB - X-ray equipment has been installed in health centres in Scotland since 1968 for routine radiography without any contrast or other complex examinations. Each unit makes about 4,500 examinations per year or an average of 100 X-ray examinations per 1,000 population. A similar unit in a developing country might serve clinics for an area of 1,256 square miles (3,215 km2) depending on population density. The unit must be simple and easy to operate. It is more convenient for patients, reduces the load on hospital departments, is less expensive, and gives better doctor satisfaction. Review by consultant radiologists is desirable and beneficial. PMID- 7117110 TI - Metacarpal index in Kenyan Africans. PMID- 7117111 TI - Agranular membrane complexes in certain smooth-muscle cells of the lamina propria of the human oviduct. An electron-microscope study. AB - Electron-microscopic examination of 40 tubal specimens from 28 patients revealed the unexpected presence of considerable numbers of smooth-muscle cells in the lamina propria. These "fibromuscular" cells (FM) are branched and have irregular contours; others resemble fibrocytes. All have the identifying features of smooth muscle cells: from 50 to 75 A filaments with scattered densities, plasmalemmal thickenings, and basement lamina. A prominent smooth-muscle complex (SMC) is associated with certain of these smooth-muscle cells. They are located in all three segments of the tube and concentrated in the 10 cell layers subjacent to the epithelium. These complexes resemble structures in a variety of steroid synthesizing cells and may possibly play a comparable role in the oviduct. PMID- 7117112 TI - Uterine, placental, renal biopsies, and fibrin deposits in toxemia of pregnancy. AB - Histopathologic lesions of toxemia of pregnancy found in 46 first trimester induced abortions and 82 women with kidney biopsies are reviewed and discussed. Decidual arteriolar vasospasm and degeneration, syncytial trophoblastic degeneration, and chorionic villous fibrin deposits characterize the early toxemic changes of the uterus and placenta. Pure toxemic glomerular, arteriolar, tubular, and juxtaglomerular alterations were present in about 40% of the kidney biopsies. Others had arteriolar nephrosclerosis, chronic glomerulonephritis or both. Two women had renovascular hypertension. Excessive vascular permeability predisposed to fibrinogen leakage and fibrin deposits. The mechanisms of preclinical toxemia of pregnancy and clinical preeclampsia are considered in view of these biopsy observations. PMID- 7117113 TI - Congenital uterovesical fistula. AB - An example of congenital uterovesical fistula is presented. The cardinal diagnostic feature is monthly painless macroscopic hematuria with onset at menarche. It is possible that a delay in prompt diagnosis and corrective surgery may lead to undesired consequences. The literature has revealed only one other recorded case of the congenital type of uterovesical fistula. PMID- 7117114 TI - Mullerian adenofibroma of the endometrium. A report of a case with ultrastructural study. AB - A case of mullerian endometrial adenofibroma is presented and the light and ultrastructural features are described. The tumor arose in the lower uterine segment and was composed of a prominent fibroblastic growth of club-shaped papillae projecting into cystic spaces and into the endometrial canal. The lining epithelium was both mucinous endocervical and endometrial in type. A feature not previously described was smooth muscle within the stromal component. The endometrial adenofibroma is a distinct clinicopathologic entity and is part of the family of uterine mixed mesodermal tumors. PMID- 7117115 TI - The diagnosis of multiple gestation. PMID- 7117116 TI - Sertoli--Leydig cell tumor with endometroid differentiation. Case report and discussion of histogenesis. AB - A case of Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor with endometrioid differentiations is reported. The tumor was associated with hirsutism and androgenic excess which normalized following surgical removal. On light-microscopic study, the tumor resembled a well-differentiated endometrioid tumor with luteinized stroma. With further study, the interstitial stromal cell were recognized as Leydig cells, containing scattered Reinke crystals. Tubules and solid cords reminiscent of sex cord elements were also recognized. The dilated glandular elements showed scant apical and luminal positivity with the PAS stain following diastase digestion. Electron-microscopic examination confirmed a dual population of cells, featuring Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor and endometrioid cells. We postulate that this tumor may represent yet another example of multidirectional differentiation. PMID- 7117117 TI - Spindle cell carcinoma of the vulva. PMID- 7117118 TI - Multiple benign cystic teratomas of the ovary. Report of two cases and review of the literature. PMID- 7117119 TI - Toxemia of pregnancy. Unresolved problems. PMID- 7117120 TI - The frozen section analysis of conization. A reappraisal of the ends and means. AB - A retrospective review of 163 consecutive conizations of the cervix is reported to analyze the use of frozen section interpretation of the conization specimen in 115 patients. There were no failures to identify occult invasive cancer on the initial frozen section analysis and no differences of therapeutic significance when the permanent sections were reviewed. The frozen section conization immediate hysterectomy technique was compared with the clinical course of 29 patients whose hysterectomy was delayed for 6-8 weeks after conization. The total operating time, estimates of operative blood loss, amount of blood required in transfusion, and morbidity were similar in both groups. Total hospital days were significantly decreased with the cone/frozen section/immediate hysterectomy technique. Because frozen section conization/immediate hysterectomy offers additional advantages of a single hospital admission, single anesthetic induction, and single postoperative recovery/convalescent period, this approach continues to deserve serious consideration in the management of patients with CIN when conization is necessary and subsequent hysterectomy is desired. PMID- 7117121 TI - [Double mutation hypothesis of carcinogenesis and the protective significance of somatic cell polyploidy]. PMID- 7117122 TI - [Liposome contact lysis: a new mechanism of the entry of liposome contents into cells]. PMID- 7117123 TI - [Effect of arginyl 8-vasopressin, lysyl 8-vasopressin and arginyl 8-vasotocin on the motor and cardiac activity of white rats]. PMID- 7117124 TI - [Formation of neuronal-glial contacts in the terminal portions of an autonomic neuron during orthodromic electrostimulation]. PMID- 7117125 TI - [Genetic bases of individuality in human populations]. PMID- 7117126 TI - [New structure for tropomyosin and related proteins. Articulated model]. PMID- 7117127 TI - [Effect of the conformational characteristics of acetylcholine and its analogs on n- and m-mimetic activity]. PMID- 7117128 TI - [Oxygen tension in muscle capillaries and the mechanisms of capillary gas exchange]. PMID- 7117129 TI - [Endorphin-like properties of a bone-marrow stimulant of antibody producers]. PMID- 7117130 TI - [New hypothesis of the mechanism of muscle contraction]. PMID- 7117131 TI - [Analysis of the formation of complex conditioned reflex systems in sexually immature rats]. PMID- 7117132 TI - Alcohol-related morbidity among older career navy men. AB - Hospital admission histories were compared for groups of Navy enlisted men identified as alcohol abusers or controls during the later years of their service careers. The alcohol abuse group had a higher mean number of hospital admissions per year and a higher mean number of days hospitalized per year than did the control group. Highest admission rates for both abusers and controls were reported in two major diagnostic categories, first, accidents, poisoning, and violence, and second, diseases of the digestive system. The rates for alcohol abusers exceeded those of controls in these and several additional diagnostic categories including mental disorders where the greatest disparity in rates of hospitalization was noted. The greatest differences in rates of specific illness between abusers and controls were observed for cirrhosis of the liver and diseases of the pancreas. Reasons for higher illness rates other than alcohol abuse were not apparent from available data. PMID- 7117134 TI - Dietary choices of recovering alcoholics. AB - Nutritional therapy can play an important role in the rehabilitation of an alcoholic. To teach these patients proper eating habits, we need to know what they eat and whether their dietary choices are nutritionally adequate compared to the recommended daily allowances (RDA). We investigated dietary choices of 70 recovering (abstinent) alcoholics who lived in a halfway house but who ate and worked elsewhere everyday. Diets were analyzed for calories, protein, B vitamins, vitamins A and C, calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, iron and zinc. We found that these recovering alcoholics ate adequate amounts of all nutrients except for vitamin B6, magnesium, iron and zinc. With the exception of vitamin B6, the other three nutrients are also found to be low in the diets of the average population. We cannot say at present whether recovering alcoholics need more than the RDA for recovery, but we conclude that their freely chosen diet resembles that of non alcoholic adult Americans. PMID- 7117133 TI - Tolerance to the behavioral effects of orally self-administered phencyclidine. AB - Three rhesus monkeys self-administered fixed doses (4, 8 or 16 mg/kg) of an orally-delivered phencyclidine solution (0.25 mg/ml) under a one response, fixed ratio (FR 1) schedule. They self-administered a saccharin 0.05% (wt/vol) solution, under an FR 8 schedule, 40 minutes after phencyclidine access began. After behavior stabilized over at least five daily sessions at each dose, water was substituted for phencyclidine for four sessions, and then phencyclidine was reinstated at the same dose, and behavior was allowed to stabilize. A comparison of saccharin-maintained behavior before and after the four sessions of water substitution yielded a two-fold shift in the dose effect curve indicating a rapid loss of tolerance to phencyclidine. Phencyclidine produced a biphasic effect on saccharin-maintained behavior: response rates increased at the low dose and decreased at the high dose. Subsequently, the FR requirement for saccharin was increased to 16 and the number of sessions of water substitution was varied: 1, 4, 8 or 16. The results indicated that tolerance was lost after four days of phencyclidine absence but not one, and complete tolerance was acquired within four to five days. This procedure produced a reliable measure of tolerance under limited access conditions whereby orally-delivered phencyclidine was also demonstrated to be functioning as a reinforcer. PMID- 7117135 TI - Drug counselors' perceptions of clients: demographic, personality and psychopathology correlates. AB - Counselors' interpersonal perceptions of their clients in outpatient drug treatment were studied. Factor analysis produced three general factors, interpreted as perceptions of manageability, treatment readiness, and suitability for group treatment. Counselor perception of client interpersonal attractiveness did not emerge as a separate factor, but appeared equally significantly related to each of the first two factors. Correlates of counselor perceptions were sought among measures of client program performance, demographic and drug use history, psychopathology, and counselor background and personality. With one exception, measures of clients' actual program performance were the best predictors of counselors' perceptions of clients. Clinical implications are discussed. PMID- 7117136 TI - Validation of the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) in an Italian urban population. PMID- 7117137 TI - Assessment of serum autoantibody status in chronic alcoholic patients--is it useful? PMID- 7117138 TI - Differentiation of the analgesic effects of THIP and morphine using three mouse strains. PMID- 7117139 TI - [Compliance]. PMID- 7117140 TI - [Acute venous thrombosis: localization, extent and aetiology with special consideration of paraneoplasia]. AB - Among 279 consecutive patients (average age 53.8 years) with acute venous thrombosis, "complete" or "nearly complete" search for neoplasm was undertaken in 93 (average 60.6 years), "not complete" search in 186 (average 50.1 years). Subsequently the patients were followed regularly for possible malignant tumour (average follow-up period 36.9 months). In the group as a whole the following causes of thrombosis were identified: contraceptives 9.3%; post-operative 9%; malignant tumour diagnosed immediately or within 12 months 5.8%; traumatic 5%; immobilization 3.2%; post-partum 2.9%; diverse other causes 8.2%; unknown 59.5%. Neoplasm was found in 12.9% of 93 somewhat older "completely" examined patients. Taking into account age, 7.8% of all patients over 50 years developed thrombosis in association with neoplasm. In 6 of 16 patients with malignant tumour the venous thrombosis followed a particular course. Extensive thromboses in several bouts predominated. In 48.4% there were three-bout thromboses, in a further 27.4% four-bout thromboses involving also the pelvic vein. Isolated lower-leg venous thrombosis occurred in 9.2%, while the remaining one or multiple-bout thromboses occurred only in a few. Massive pelvic and leg vein thrombosis occurred in 43% of patients with malignant neoplasm, much more frequently than in those without neoplasm. PMID- 7117141 TI - [Treatment of squamous-cell carcinoma of the eosophagus]. AB - Only 125 of 287 cases of carcinoma of the esophagus (43%), diagnosed between 1. 1. 1967 and 31. 12. 1980, were resectable. "Curative" resection was possible in only 40 patients. Preferred surgical technique was a one-session resection and pedicle reconstruction of the stomach supplied by the right gastroepiploic artery (99 cases). Post-operative mortality was due largely to pulmonary complications, 60% of all cases by the abdominal-thoracic approach, 7% when thoracotomy only had been performed. Five-year survival rate after "curative" resection was 10%. PMID- 7117142 TI - [Stoma therapy of today]. PMID- 7117143 TI - [Vasospastic reactions after heparin-dihydroergotamine]. PMID- 7117144 TI - [Conservative treatment of achalasia with an electronic-mechanical dilator]. PMID- 7117145 TI - [A new test-strip for checking blood-sugar levels]. AB - Blood sugar levels in 228 EDTA-treated venous blood samples were measured in the laboratory by a new test-strip (Visidex) and the hexokinase reference method. There was good agreement between the two, with a linear correlation of r = 0.92 and a regression line with a slope of 0.98. 97.8% of all values deviated by less than one concentration range from the reference values. At low glucose concentrations the median of the absolute differences between the two methods was 9.5 mg/dl. Over the whole concentration range of 20-800 mg/dl the mean deviation from the reference values was between 14.4 and 32.6 mg/dl. The results indicate that the Visidex test-strip method is suitable for the visual estimation of blood sugar values. PMID- 7117146 TI - [Imaging adrenergic tumours with 131J-meta-benzylguanidine]. AB - Pheochromocytoma scanning using 131J-meta-benzylguanidine was done in one patient with metastasizing paraganglioma, one patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia type IIb. No activity of tumour tissue could be demonstrated in the patient with metastasizing paraganglioma, whereas the pheochromocytoma could be clearly defined in the patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia type IIa. The female with multiple endocrine neoplasia type IIb showed a suspect space-occupying lesion of the left adrenal using computed tomography. Pheochromocytoma could be excluded by 131J-benzylguanidine scanning, selective estimation of catecholamines in adrenal venous blood as well as the glucagon stimulation and clonidine suppression. PMID- 7117147 TI - [Non-invasive diagnosis of cardiomyopathies]. PMID- 7117148 TI - [Vasospasm during thromboembolism prevention using heparin-dihydroergotamine]. PMID- 7117149 TI - [Reproducibility of blood pressure measurements in hypertensives during and after ergometry]. AB - On repeated measurement hypertensives have greater swings in resting blood pressure than those with normal pressures. In 20 untreated hypertensives (WHO stage I), average age 35.8 years, blood pressures were measured during and after ergometry (50-100 Watt) to see whether there were any variations during the day and whether repeat measurements were affected by adaptation. Blood pressure measurements repeated three times during ergometry, gave good agreement above 1 Watt/kg body weight, with a mean of 203/116 mm Hg at 8 a.m., 200/114 mm Hg at 10 a.m. and 203/113 mm Hg at 4 p.m., although resting blood pressures at times differed significantly. Even in patients with labile or borderline hypertension, blood pressure measurement during and after ergometry without exception made it possible to assign them to the hypertensive range, which would not have been possible or only to a limited extent at rest. Measurement of blood pressure during and after standardised ergometry is thus superior to resting blood pressure measurements in the identification of hypertensives. PMID- 7117150 TI - [Serum theophylline levels in aminophyllin treatment in children]. AB - Long-term treatment of childhood asthma with theophylline or theophylline ethylenediamine (Aminophyllin) preparations requires dosage according to the various age groups. In order to achieve therapeutically satisfactory concentrations, estimations of theophylline levels in serum showed that in cases of good correlation between Aminophyllin dosage and theophylline levels smaller children required higher Aminophyllin doses than big children or adults. The therapeutic range of theophylline is around 7 to 15 mg/l beyond the newborn age. In order to obtain these concentrations children from the 1st to the 4th year require Aminophyllin doses of 6 mg/kg t.i.d., children between 5 and 12 years 5.5 mg/kg t.i.d. and adults beyond the 50th year of life 3 to 3.5 mg/kg t.i.d. Generally the first dose should be higher and is 6-7 mg/kg or 6-6.5 mg/kg or 4 mg/kg, respectively. Regular estimations of serum theophylline levels greatly help to improve safety of long-term treatment. PMID- 7117151 TI - [Platelet release proteins in plasma in peripheral arterial obliterative disease during ticlopidine administration]. PMID- 7117152 TI - [Q-fever epidemic in an institute of human pathology]. AB - At the Institute of Pathology of Tubingen University 12 members of the staff (nine doctors, one secretary, one cleaner, and one autopsy assistant) fell ill with an influenza-like disease with high fever. In 11 instances there was positive serological evidence of Q-fever. The post-mortem room assistant was not tested serologically, but the disease followed a typical course. All those who fell ill had taken part in post-mortem examinations or a case demonstration at the Institute of Pathology. Seven more doctors fell ill at about the same time. They were working at two different clinic buildings, 1 km apart. They and one medical student had positive serology for Q-fever. No other cases of Q-fever were reported among clinic personnel. All doctors and very likely also a student who fell ill had taken part in the above mentioned case demonstration at the Pathology Institute, 19 days before the mean onset of the disease. No other possible sources of infection were found. In none of the 12 patients who underwent autopsy at the time was there clinical evidence of Q-fever; it was not possible to determine the source of infection retrospectively. PMID- 7117153 TI - [Hard metal pulmonary fibrosis]. AB - A 20-year-old labourer, employed in the metal powder industry, developed increasing shortness of breath and serious urge to cough after 2 1/4 years of exposition to cobalt and tungsten carbide powder. On admission 9 months later pulmonary changes were demonstrated radiographically indicating hard-metal-dust lung. Detailed clinical assessment including transpleural biopsy and lingula resection as well as histochemical investigations and follow-up observations permitted access to the pathogenesis and morphology of the disease. By introduction of steroid treatment, before conclusion of diagnostic steps, limitation of the inflammatory primary reaction was possible inasmuch as loss of pulmonary function could be arrested despite massive, histologically verified, tendency for fibrosis. PMID- 7117154 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of inflammatory knee joint diseases]. PMID- 7117155 TI - [Sensitivity of asthma patients to sulfur compounds in food, wine and injection solutions]. PMID- 7117156 TI - [Conversion of chronic atrial fibrillation or flutter with disopyramide and a verapamil-quinidine combination: a comparative study ]. PMID- 7117157 TI - [Treatment of hypertensive crises with oral nifedipine]. PMID- 7117158 TI - [Spreading of tuberculosis]. AB - Tuberculosis was spread from a 15-year-old girl, treated for pneumonia with antibiotics for months and not separated from school, with open disease to a further 77 children. A 2 1/2-year-old niece developed open perforating bronchial lymph node tuberculosis, 34 companions from school and sports developed closed active lymph node tuberculosis and 42 pupils showed suspect chest radiographs with positive tuberculin tests. All of them had to be treated. Contact investigations in more than 1000 children became necessary in 3 steps. One student with open tuberculosis was found as source for a further 5 infected persons found by contact assessments. Proper individual prophylaxis can only be assured by BCG immunisation preventing such spread (disposition prophylaxis). It should be done as extensively as possible in newborn infants and in tuberculin negative children prior to leaving school. PMID- 7117159 TI - [Chronic trichinellosis and neuromuscular diseases: clinical, serological and therapeutic observations]. AB - In six males with chronic neurological signs who, 14-41 years previously, had an episode of acute trichinellosis cardinal symptoms were chronic muscle pain and lower-neuron damage. Other findings, probably related to trichinellosis, were episodes of pyrexia, chronic gastro-intestinal and cardiac symptoms, and in one case symptomatic epilepsy with psychomotor attacks. Significant laboratory findings were a chronic leukocytosis in one case, repeated elevations of eosinophil count in three. Muscle biopsy in all patients revealed live trichinella and (or) focal myositis. The serological findings did not correlate with the biopsy ones. If the live trichinae are encapsulated, antibody titres may be negative, while they may be markedly elevated when the trichinellae are dead. Whether encapsulated larvae can be influenced by tiabendazol or mebendazol is not clear from these observations. PMID- 7117160 TI - [Necrotising pancreatitis after ultrasonically guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy]. AB - Complications after transcutaneous ultrasonically-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the pancreas are exceedingly rare, although published reports mention transitory changes in pancreatic enzymes. Acute necrotising pancreatitis has not previously been reported. It developed in a 40-year-old woman after out-patient fine-needle biopsy because of a space-occupying lesion in the head of the pancreas. Immediate conservative treatment favourably affected the course of the disease, as documented by serial ultrasound and computer tomography. This serious complication suggests that strictest indications for this procedure must be used, together with careful technique of biopsy and strict observation of the patient, if necessary with a brief period of hospitalisation. PMID- 7117161 TI - [Serum ferritin determination]. PMID- 7117162 TI - [Ventricular septal defect in acute myocardial infarction]. AB - Ventricular septal rupture is the fourth-common cause of death after cardiac arrhythmia, acute congestive failure and rupture of the cardiac wall in acute myocardial infarction. Generally it can be easily diagnosed by a systolic jet sound in the 4th and 5th intercostal space parasternally on the left side. Differential diagnostic difficulties occur in the acute phase of infarction regarding papillary muscle rupture. Myocardial rupture does not occur immediately after the onset of the pectanginous state and not within the first day of illness, but generally within the first week. Vasodilatory treatment permits only short-term stabilisation of vascular problems, however, time is made available for diagnostic measures, usually catheterisation of both sides of the heart and coronary angiography. Immediate operation and occlusion of the defect, if necessary accompanied by a saphenous vein bypass, is presently considered treatment of choice. Out of the three patients with this complication the ruptured site could be occluded surgically in two, one of whom had severe cardiogenic shock. Shock symptoms regressed immediately and the postoperative course was unremarkable. In the third patient no operation was performed due to his age of 77 years and general vascular sclerosis. He died of cardiogenic shock 11 hours after admission to hospital. PMID- 7117163 TI - [Pharmacokinetics in cholestryramine treatment of digitoxin intoxication]. PMID- 7117164 TI - [Erythromycin]. PMID- 7117165 TI - [Information duty in radiotherapy of carcinoma patients]. PMID- 7117166 TI - [5-isosorbide mononitrate at rest and on exercise in coronary heart disease: acute and long-term effect]. AB - Haemodynamic effects of 5-isosorbide mononitrate (5-ISMN) were studied at rest and on exercise in 31 patients with angiographically confirmed coronary heart disease. A decrease in arterial blood pressure and mean pulmonary artery pressure without significant change in heart rate, cardiac output and stroke volume occurred both at rest and on exercise after 20 mg of 5-ISMN to 12 patients. Administration of 50 mg 5-ISMN to 19 patients achieved greater decrease in mean pulmonary artery pressure; cardiac output and stroke volume were highly significantly reduced at rest, while on exercise both cardiac output and stroke volume remained unchanged. Ten patients, in whom after a single dose of 50 mg 5 ISMN the mean pulmonary artery pressure at rest and on exercise had decreased 28% and 45%, respectively, with a definite rise in exercise tolerance, repeat acute administration of a single dose of 50 kmg 5-ISMN produced a fall in mean pulmonary artery pressure at rest by 20% after 50 mg three times daily for four weeks. On exercise the fall was only 14% below the control levels before treatment. In addition, exercise tolerance was reduced. These results indicate that acute administration of 5-ISMN at rest and on exercise decreases cardiac work load. But on chronic administration of high doses, tolerance to the drug may develop. PMID- 7117167 TI - [Onset of rheumatoid arthritis in the elderly]. AB - The predominant age of manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis (chronic polyarthritis) is between the 35th and 45th year of life. Onset of disease in the higher age groups is, however, not infrequent. Comparison of two groups of patients with rheumatoid arthritis with disease onset before or after the age of 60 showed that a quarter of late-onset cases commence particularly acutely. These was a remarkably early involvement of shoulder joints with a frequency of up to 50%. The symptom triad of shoulder joint involvement, markedly raised ESR and severe generalised disease was characteristic. This combination of symptoms is not infrequently attributed erroneously to the "shoulder-arm syndrome or suspect malignant tumour". Differential diagnosis from rheumatic polymyalgia or true paraneoplastic arthropathy may be difficult. Therapeutic problems arise mainly due to the high number of other medical problems of the elderly. PMID- 7117168 TI - [Functional complaints--healthy or ill? A study of 780 working men]. AB - The frequency of functional complaints was examined in a group of 780 health men, employees of an industrial firm, who had no evidence of organic disease, were not under medical treatment and thought of themselves as healthy. As part of a standardised examination, questions were asked about 11 possible functional complaints, in addition to ten characteristics of their work. The presence of at least one functional symptom was affirmed by 48.3%, with a mean of two symptoms per person. Headaches and sweating were most frequent. In addition to an autonomic fatigue syndrome, a headache syndrome was the most characteristic. Some functional complaints were related to work stress, with factorial analysis distinguishing between time-limited overwork and emotional strain. These findings and corresponding one in the literature suggest that functional complaints frequently occur also in healthy persons. PMID- 7117169 TI - [Pre- and postoperative treatment of hyperthyroidism]. PMID- 7117170 TI - [Discordance of the right for self determination]. PMID- 7117171 TI - [Diverticulitis and laxatives]. PMID- 7117172 TI - [Toxic cholestatic hepatosis caused by thiamazole and carbimazole]. PMID- 7117173 TI - Management of venous thrombosis and thrombophlebitis. PMID- 7117174 TI - Modern trends in paediatric surgery in developing countries. PMID- 7117175 TI - Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography with a fine gauge (Chiba) needle - initial experience in Nairobi. PMID- 7117176 TI - A review of cholestatic jaundice and its diagnosis. PMID- 7117177 TI - Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) activity in African myeloma patients. PMID- 7117178 TI - A study on postoperative recovery score system. PMID- 7117179 TI - Observations on the so-called non-specific electrocardiographic changes in endomyocardial fibrosis. PMID- 7117181 TI - Oculosporidiosis-case report. PMID- 7117180 TI - Practical therapeutics the management of child psychiatric disorders. PMID- 7117182 TI - Dysphagia lusoria: case report in a Nigerian girl. PMID- 7117183 TI - Degradation of benzene in the environment. PMID- 7117184 TI - Ultrastructural changes in the liver of animals treated with methapyrilene and some analogs. PMID- 7117185 TI - The possible formation of tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxines in the production of chloranil. PMID- 7117186 TI - Photolysis of hexachlorocyclopentadiene in water. PMID- 7117187 TI - Ecotoxicological evaluation: the eco- side of the problem. PMID- 7117188 TI - The exposure commitment method for pollutant exposure evaluation. PMID- 7117189 TI - Evaluating the hazard of organic substances on aquatic life: the paradichlorobenzene example. PMID- 7117190 TI - Pharmacokinetics of inhaled [14C]-2-nitropropane in male Sprague-Dawley rats. PMID- 7117191 TI - Rat anterior pituitary dopaminergic receptors are regulated by estradiol and during lactation. PMID- 7117192 TI - A solubility shift occurs during depletion-transformation of prolactin within the lactating rat pituitary. PMID- 7117193 TI - Alcohol-induced inhibition of fetal 25-[3H]hydroxyvitamin D and alpha [14C]aminoisobutyric acid accumulation in the pregnant rat. AB - Since placental nutrient transport plays a vital role in the development of the fetus, we have evaluated the effect of alcohol ingestion during pregnancy on placental and fetal accumulation of 25-[3H]hydroxyvitamin D and alpha [14C]aminoisobutyric acid. Pregnant rats were allowed to ingest rat chow ad libitum and were given 20% ethanol in their drinking water from days 6-19 of pregnancy. Ethanol constituted 51% of the caloric intake and resulted in circulating levels of 97 +/- 27 mg/dl. Control rats were pair fed with rat chow, and dextrimaltose was isocalorically substituted for ethanol in the drinking water. Despite pair feeding, alcohol ingestion resulted in decreased maternal and fetal weight gain but increased placental weight gain. Alcohol decreased the fetal accumulation of 25-[3H]hydroxyvitamin D. The transfer ratio of disintegrations per min/g fetal weight to disintegrations per min/g placental weight was lower in the alcohol-exposed animals, whereas the transfer ratio of disintegrations per min/g placental weight to disintegrations per min/ml serum was not altered. Fetal levels of alpha-[14C]aminoisobutyric acid were also decreased. The transfer ratio of disintegrations per min/g fetal weight to disintegrations per min/g placental weight was greater in the alcohol-exposed animals, whereas the transfer ratio of disintegrations per min/g placental weight to disintegrations per min/ml serum was not altered. The data indicate that maternal alcohol ingestion during pregnancy may affect fetal nutrient accumulation by alterations in both maternal metabolism and direct effects on placental function. PMID- 7117194 TI - Glucocorticoids inhibit the growth of murine fetal liver erythroid burst-forming cells. AB - The effects of glucocorticoids on the formation of large colonies of erythroid cells, termed "bursts," by erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E) obtained from murine fetal liver were studied in plasma clot cultures. Fetal liver erythroid progenitor cells formed a reduced number of erythroid bursts when cultured for 9 days in the presence of dexamethasone. Similar results were obtained with other glucocorticoids, including corticosterone, cortisol, prednisone, prednisolone, and 9 alpha-fluorocortisol; in contrast, neither 11 alpha-cortisol, tetrahydrocortisol, nor progesterone influenced erythroid burst formation. Erythroid burst formation was also decreased by the addition of dexamethasone on days 5, 7, and 9 to developing erythroid bursts, indicating that the growth of BFU-E-derived erythroid precursor cells was also reduced by the glucocorticoid. The formation of erythroid bursts by murine fetal liver cells was also reduced when the cells were incubated with dexamethasone (10(-7) and 10(-8) M) for 1 h, washed, and cultured in plasma clots; the concentration of dexamethasone was reduced by the washes to levels which do not inhibit the growth of BFU-E derived erythroid progenitor cells. Similar results were obtained with various other glucocorticoids (10(-7) M). These studies demonstrate that glucocorticoids exert a suppressive effect on the formation of erythroid bursts by murine fetal liver erythroid progenitor cells, and that this effect is the net result of inhibitory effects on the BFU-E and its progeny. PMID- 7117196 TI - Proliferative pattern of seminal vesicle cells and the production of testosterone and 5 alpha-androgens from birth to adulthood in mice. AB - Proliferation of seminal vesicle cells and the concentration of testicular and serum androgens (testosterone and 5 alpha-androgens) from birth to adulthood were investigated in mice. The weight of the seminal vesicles increased significantly from day 0 to day 10 after birth (approximately 0.1-1 mg), remained nearly constant in the next 10 days, and increased again (1-50 mg) thereafter. As an index of cell proliferation, two distinct peaks of 5-[125I]iodo-2'-deoxyuridine ([125I]IdUrd) uptake by the whole seminal vesicles were found at days 8 and 30. Types of proliferating cells examined by autoradiography after injection of [3H]thymidine were partially testis-dependent fibromuscular and epithelial cells in the first peak and largely testis-dependent epithelial cells in the second peak. The [125I]IdUrd uptake values found around day 20 and after day 40 were similar to those in neonatally castrated mice. Concentrations of testicular and serum androgens were relatively high on days 8, 30, 35, 40, and 60 (0.2-0.7 ng/mg tissue and 1.3-2.2 ng/ml, respectively) but were very low on day 18 (0.02 ng/mg tissue and 0.4 ng/ml). These findings lead to the hypothesis that androgens secreted from neonatal and prepubertal mouse testes play a major role in the proliferation of seminal vesicle cells and that the quiescent interval of androgen secretion and action occurs around the 20th day after birth in mice. PMID- 7117195 TI - Genetic differences in estrogen-induced deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in the rat pituitary: correlations with pituitary tumor susceptibility. AB - Anterior pituitary nuclei isolated from rats were used in an in vitro DNA synthesis assay. The rate of in vitro synthesis was increased by prior in vivo estrogen treatment in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner, and the observed increase was similar in magnitude to that measured by [3H] thymidine incorporation in whole tissue. In vitro DNA synthesis was sensitive to N ethylmaleimide but resistant to dideoxythymidine triphosphate. Rates of pituitary DNA synthesis were compared in the Fischer 344 (F344) rat, a strain highly susceptible to diethylstilbestrol-induced pituitary tumors, and in the Holtzman rat, a strain resistant to rapid tumor induction by diethylstilbestrol. After chronic treatment (8 weeks) with estrogen, elevated DNA synthesis (2- to 3-fold) was observed in F344 pituitaries but not in Holtzman pituitaries. After short term (2-4 days) treatment with estrogen, however, DNA synthesis increased 2-fold in both Holtzman and F344 pituitary nuclei. The elevated DNA synthesis declined in the Holtzman strain after 5 or 6 days of additional estrogen treatment, but elevated DNA synthesis persisted in the F344 strain. These results suggest that the genetic difference is due to the lack of a proliferation control mechanism in the F344 strain that functions in the Holtzman strain to shut off estrogen stimulated cell proliferation. PMID- 7117197 TI - Short term suppression of the hormone-stimulable adenylyl cyclase system in the granulosa cells of the domestic hen by luteinizing hormone. PMID- 7117198 TI - Circulating growth factor studies in growth plate versus resting cartilage in vitro: tissue responsiveness. AB - We attempted to develop a system in which cartilage growth-plate responses could be examined in vitro. In vivo, rat osteochondral growth-plate width was decreased by hypophysectomy and restored toward normal by GH. Subsequently, segments of resting costal cartilage and osteochondral growth plate from hypophysectomized rats were incubated in vitro with [35S]sulfate and [3H]thymidine. Within ribs, growth plate generally had basal uptake greater than resting cartilage and a greater increase in activity on addition of normal rat serum. Across ribs 3-9, there was little change in growth plate or resting cartilage sulfate uptake, and only a modest increase in thymidine uptake caudally. Increasing concentrations of normal rat serum provided parallel stimulation for both growth plate and resting cartilage, with significant responses to as little as 1 microliter (sulfate uptake) or 5 microliters (thymidine uptake). Stimulation for both growth plate and resting cartilage by hypophysectomized rat serum was significantly less than by normal rat serum; activity was restored by GH in vivo, establishing growth plate responsiveness to GH- and pituitary-dependent factors. Growth plate and resting cartilage were generally unaffected by exposure in vitro to supraphysiological concentrations of GH, cortisol, testosterone, estradiol, or T3. Use of osteochondral junction tissue appears to yield an assay system that is sensitive and sufficiently reproducible to allow study of growth factor action at the growth plate in vitro. PMID- 7117199 TI - Estradiol is less potent than ethinyl estradiol for in vivo translocation of the mammalian liver estrogen receptor to the nucleus. PMID- 7117200 TI - Synthesis of growth hormone, prolactin, and proopiomelanocortin by intact adult ovine pituitary tissue in vitro. AB - Synthesis of GH, PRL, and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) by the adult ovine pituitary was examined by culturing intact tissue explants in vitro and analyzing newly synthesized proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Spots on autoradiographs of two-dimensional gels were identified by comigration with known standards, by analysis of tryptic peptides, or both. GH and PRL are the predominant proteins synthesized in the adult ovine pituitary, but their syntheses could not be detected in the neurointermediate lobe of the pituitary, the cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, mammillary body, or placenta. As quantified by cell-free translation in rabbit reticulocyte lysate, 14% of female ovine pituitary mRNA encodes pre-GH and 30% encodes pre-PRL. As determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, ovine pre-GH and pre-PRL have molecular weights of 24,500 and 26,000, respectively, indicating they contain leader peptides of 26-30 amino acids, as found in bovine, rat, and human pre-GH and pre-PRL. POMC, the precursor to corticotropin, endorphin, and other peptides, was synthesized primarily in the neurointermediate lobe of the pituitary, but synthesis was also detected in the anterior lobe. POMC synthesis was not detected in the hypothalamus, cerebral cortex, mammillary body, or placenta. PMID- 7117201 TI - Synthesis of growth hormone, prolactin, and proopiomelanocortin by ovine fetal anterior and neurointermediate lobes. PMID- 7117202 TI - Epinephrine synthesis inhibitors block naloxone-induced LH release. AB - Administration of the opiate receptor antagonist, naloxone, evoked rapid rises in plasma LH levels in estrogen, progesterone-primed ovariectomized rats. Pretreatment with a peripherally acting epinephrine (EPI) synthesis inhibitor, SK&F 29661, failed to influence the naloxone-induced LH release. However, two centrally acting EPI synthesis inhibitors, SK&F 64139 and LY 78335, which selectively suppressed hypothalamic EPI levels, blocked stimulation of LH release by naloxone. These results implicate brain EPI neurons in mediation of endogenous opioid peptide influence on LH release. PMID- 7117203 TI - Release of immunoreactive thyroid stimulating hormone from the rat hypothalamus in vitro. AB - Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) has been identified in the hypothalamus and other brain areas of the rat. However, the alteration of the release of brain TSH has not been demonstrated. Therefore, we examined the release of immunoreactive TSH (IR-TSH) in vitro from hypothalamic tissue obtained from hypophysectomized, thyroidectomized and intact control rats. Whereas TRH (10(-5) M) and PGE2 (10(-4) M) did not alter hypothalamic IR-TSH release, depolarizing concentrations of potassium (60 mM) or veratridine (5 mM) stimulated the release of IR-TSH from hypothalamic tissue from all groups. These data suggest that IR-TSH synthesized in the hypothalamus is stored in a releasable form. PMID- 7117204 TI - Endoscopic diagnosis of 115 cases of early esophageal carcinoma. AB - Mass surveys of a population of 28,139 people in high-risk areas for esophageal carcinoma in Henan Province were carried out using the methods of esophageal exfoliative cytology, reontgenology and fiberendoscopy, between January 1978 and May 1981. 115 cases of early esophageal cancer comprising 64 males and 51 females were found. This paper reports on the results of the fiberendoscopic examination of these 115 cases of early esophageal carcinoma followed-up at regular intervals. On the basis of clinical, laboratory, and endoscopic findings, esophageal carcinoma of early stage can be divided into four types including the congestive type, erosive type, plaque-like type and polypoid type. All results were obtained on the basis of a follow-up observation period of 19-42 months. It was shown that the evolution of esophageal cancer in situ to an advanced cancer probably takes 3-4 years. Therefore, esophageal carcinoma could be reasonably considered to be a chronic disease of relatively slow growth. In order to make complete cure of such a "poor-prognosis" disease possible, early diagnosis established in good time using all the methods mentioned, is essential. PMID- 7117205 TI - Nodular hyperplasia of duodenal Brunner's glands - does it exist? AB - The circumscribed nodular hyperplasia of duodenal Brunner's glands, as described in the literature, is reevaluated in connection with a case which, morphologically and clinically, rather resembles long-standing duodenal erosions. PMID- 7117206 TI - Heterotopic gastric (fundic) mucosa in the duodenum. AB - Twenty cases of heterotopic fundic mucosa in the duodenum are reported. The patients had several small polyps ranging from one to three mm tightly grouped to form a plaque in a limited zone of the duodenal bulb. In some cases the polyps were separated from one another. They were round or conical and manifested a frosted-glass appearance with a pale-pink or redded coloration. In two cases a whitish solitary polyp of five mm was located in the 2nd part of the duodenum. Biopsies obtained from the polyps revealed them to be composed of fundal mucosa, thus representing a particular form of heterotopia, other then the steroid induced type, and that of patients undergoing regular dialysis for uraemia. The different clinical and morphological data in the various forms of fundal heterotopia are discussed. PMID- 7117207 TI - Heterotopic gastric mucosa in the duodenum - reaction to Congo red under fiberscopic observation. AB - A 64-year-old woman had gastric heterotopic of the duodenal bulb without any specific complaints. The lesion with irregular excrescence was diagnosed by means of target biopsies through endoscopy, and 3 years later, no noteworthy changes were observed in the endoscopic findings of the lesion, and it was also proved by an endoscopic Congo red test that the excrescence had a function of acid output. This is the second report of congenital heterotopic gastric mucosa of the duodenum which was confirmed not only by histological, but also functional examination. PMID- 7117208 TI - Preoperative differentiation between carcinoma of the pancreas and chronic pancreatitis: the contribution of cytology. AB - In a prospective study of 54 consecutive patients where carcinoma of the pancreas was suspected, a simple protocol was employed. Each patient had duodenoscopy and pancreatic juice cytology. Those patients with jaundice had cholangiography by percutaneous or endoscopic retrograde technique. Patients who were not jaundiced had endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Malignancy, confirmed by histology, was diagnosed in 25 patients. Patients diagnosed to have benign disease have been followed for two years and in none has the diagnosis changed to malignancy. Twenty-one of those with carcinoma were correctly diagnosed on the basis of cholangiograms or pancreatograms but there were three false-positive diagnoses of malignancy. Cytology identified 15 of the 25 with carcinoma; there were no false positive diagnoses. Pancreatic cytology is highly specific for the diagnosis of carcinoma and should be used early. In patients with negative cytology, an acceptable level of accuracy can be achieved by a combination of endoscopy and radiology. PMID- 7117209 TI - Endoscopic removal of foreign bodies in the large bowel. AB - Endoscopic removal of foreign bodies from the intestinal tract is an extremely useful method. In our series, foreign bodies passing down from the upper intestinal tract were removed endoscopically from the rectum and colon of 13 patients. No complications were observed. It can be concluded that endoscopy is a simple, safe and effective method which, in many cases, avoids surgical procedures. PMID- 7117210 TI - Remote contrast injector in ERCP for protection from X-ray exposure. AB - To protect the assistants from radiation during ERCP, a remote contrast injector employing a lever mechanism (push lever type) was developed. Using this remote injector, safe, finely controlled and easy injection of the contrast material was achieved without X-ray exposure to the assistants in ERCP. PMID- 7117211 TI - Problems of dissolution after long-term placement of a Celestin oesophageal tube. AB - The reported cases of Latex material dissolution after longterm placement of Celestin oesophageal tubes, and the ensuing complications are discussed. Also discussed is a case of ours with adenocarcinoma of the distal oesophagus in which dissolution of the Celestin tube was found 8 months after placement. What is needed is a stable substance to replace Latex. So far, no problems have been reported with the Latex-Silicone Haering tube. PMID- 7117212 TI - Phenotypic expression time of mutagen-induced 6-thioguanine resistance in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO/HGPRT system): expression in division-arrested cell cultures. AB - The phenotypic expression time of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) induced 6 thioguanine-resistant mutants was studied with Chinese hamster ovary cells in culture (CHO/HGPRT system). After mutagen treatment of exponential phase cultures, the cells were maintained either in the exponential phase through subculture in medium containing 5% dialyzed fetal bovine serum (FBS) or in a nondividing viable state by use of medium containing 0-1% dialyzed FBS. The time course of expression of the 6-thioguanine-resistant phenotype was similar with both exponential phase and division-arrested cultures showing maximum expression by 9 days after mutagen treatment, and both methods of expression also yielded similar mutant frequencies over a range of EMS concentrations. This study shows that once the mutagenic event is fixed, the expression of the mutant phenotype does not require continued cell division since it occurs in division-arrested cultures. These results also suggest that both dilution of pre-existing hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) enzyme by cell division and turnover by protein degradation are involved in the phenotypic expression. Both processes occur in exponential cultures, but only protein turnover in arrested cultures. Consistent with this was the demonstration that the rates of total cell protein turnover increased in division-arrested cultures maintained in serum-free medium. These results separate genetic damage and phenotypic expression in a temporal sense, and point out the need to consider the mechanisms responsible for each process involved in the induction and expression of mutations. PMID- 7117214 TI - Quantitation of the spiral plating technique for use with the Salmonella/mammalian microsome assay. PMID- 7117213 TI - pH stability of some mutagens produced by aqueous chlorination of organic compounds. AB - Aqueous chlorination of many organic substances has been found to produce substantial mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA100. An effective way to decrease such mutagenicity is to raise the pH of the solutions to neutrality or higher. The effect of pH on the mutagenicity of the filtrate from the chlorination of unbleached kraft wood pulp and of certain mutagens found in such filtrates has been investigated. The decay of mutagenicity of the known mutagens has been shown to proceed by cleavage of organically bound chlorine by hydroxide ion. Caution is recommended with respect to the practice of raising the pH of solutions for mutagenesis assays. PMID- 7117215 TI - Cytotoxic and mutagenic properties of shale oil byproducts II. Comparison of mutagenic effects at five genetic markers induced by retort process water plus near ultraviolet light in Chinese hamster ovary cells. AB - A chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line heterozygous at the adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (APRT) locus was used for selection of induced mutants resistant to 8-azaadenine (8AA), 6-thioguanine (6TG), ouabain (OUA), emetine (EMT) and diphtheria toxin (DIP). The expression times necessary for optimizing the number of mutants recovered at the different loci have been determined using the know direct acting mutagen, far ultraviolet light (FUV), and a complex aqueous organic mixture (shale oil process water) activated with near ultraviolet light (NUV). Our results indicate that optimal expression times following treatment with either mutagen was between 2 and 8 days (depending on the genetic marker examined). For CHO cells treated with shale oil process water and subsequently exposed to NUV a linear dose response for mutant induction was observed for all five genetic loci. At 10% surviving fraction of cells, between 35- and 130-fold increases above background mutation frequencies were observed for the various markers examined. Among the five genetic loci tested, OUAR was the most sensitive marker tested. PMID- 7117216 TI - Effect of ozonation on the mutagenicity of carcinogens in aqueous solution. AB - Ozone is a very strong oxidizing agent that may be used in water purification. The effect of ozonation on the mutagenicity of mutagens and/or carcinogens of diverse chemical structures was evaluated as measured by the Salmonella/microsome assay. The effect of ozonation of 36 mutagens and/or carcinogens has been evaluated and the results of 15 reported here. The mutagenicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic amines was inactivated by ozone treatment, while alkylating agents, nitro aromatics, and nitroso compounds were not affected. Ozonation of hydrazines produced mutagenic intermediates that may be susceptible to base-catalyzed hydrolysis. Therefore, depending on the chemical present, ozonation may be useful in the treatment of waters containing organic carcinogens, including drinking water, waste-water effluents, and other aqueous waste materials containing carcinogens. PMID- 7117217 TI - Mutagenicity screening of foods I. Results with beverages. AB - Following a number of recent reports on the presence of mutagens in certain foods, a general survey of the mutagenic potential of a wide variety of food products has been initiated. Here, results for samples of 28 widely consumed beverages from 13 general categories are reported. Each sample was concentrated and fractionated by polarity and solubility to give up to seven fractions, each of which was assayed for mutagenic potential with Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 +/- fortified liver homogenate. Fractions showing evidence of either mutagenicity or toxicity were retested at the same and lower concentrations. The utility of the fractionation procedure and the sensitivity of the screening strategy were established by assaying six beverages spiked with known mutagens prior to fractionation. Statistical analysis of the data resulted in positive findings for seven beverages, although confirmation of these results through analysis of a second sample was obtained only for red wine, grape juice, and instant coffee. The remaining 21 beverages showed no strong evidence of mutagenic activity. For those foods for which the variation among replicate plates was largest, the false-positive rate for the two-stage screening procedure employed was estimated to be less than 1% while the false-negative rate for a beverage inducing a threefold increase in the background mutation rate was conservatively estimated to be limited to 14%. PMID- 7117218 TI - The quantitation of TK-/- and HGPRT- mutants of L5178Y/TK+/- mouse lymphoma cells at varying times post-treatment. PMID- 7117219 TI - Enhanced phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages induced by short-term ozone insult. PMID- 7117220 TI - Estimation of radiation doses to the lungs of early uranium processing plant workers. PMID- 7117221 TI - Transfer of cadmium through the rat's intestinal wall. PMID- 7117222 TI - Morphological, pharmacokinetic, and hematological studies of lead-exposed pigeons. PMID- 7117223 TI - Exposure of employees to manmade vitreous fibers: installation of insulation materials. PMID- 7117224 TI - Submicron carbon dust in the guinea pig lung. PMID- 7117225 TI - Daily intake of lead, cadmium, copper, and zinc from drinking water: The Seattle Study of Trace Metal Exposure. PMID- 7117226 TI - Components of variation in lead, cadmium, copper, and zinc concentration in home drinking water: The Seattle Study of Trace Metal Exposure. PMID- 7117227 TI - Enzymatic composition of canine leg lymph. AB - In an experimental study employing anaesthetised dogs, lymph from the deep lymphatic system in a hind leg was sampled at 15-min intervals. Lymph and corresponding plasma samples were analysed for ten different enzymes and for protein. In a control group a preliminary period of 15-min lymph collections was followed by 1 h of 'rest' (no passive movement of leg) and restoration of the lymph flow for another 2 h. In a hypoxic group during the 1 h of 'rest' the blood supply of a hind limb was interrupted to cause an increase of enzyme release. Neither lymphatic enzyme activity nor lymphatic transport of enzymes was increased by hypoxia. Enzyme activities in plasma did not show any elevation either. From lymph plasma quotients of enzymes and protein it is deduced that cellular enzymes have to be transported into the intravascular space by lymph flow and scarcely via a direct entry across capillaries. PMID- 7117228 TI - Affinity chromatography of human intestinal alkaline phosphatase. PMID- 7117229 TI - Purification and chemical characterization of human acidic alpha-D-mannosidase. AB - The acidic alpha-D-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.24) has been purified from human placentae. Milligram quantities of the enzyme were obtained from several placentae, using a step-wise purification procedure which includes Con A Sepharose treatment, acetone precipitation, heat treatment, DEAE-cellulose column chromatography and preparative disc electrophoresis. A high degree of purity of the purified enzyme was demonstrated by acrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, and sedimentation equilibrium centrifugation. Immunological homogeneity of the preparation was demonstrated by a single precipitin line between the antiserum and purified, or partially purified enzyme preparation. The amino acid and carbohydrate composition of the enzyme was determined. The enzyme was found to be a glycoprotein containing 13.5% carbohydrate. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated at 205,000 +/- 18,400. PMID- 7117230 TI - Changes of pyruvate dehydrogenase in rat brain with thyroid hormones. AB - Thyroid hormone deficiency increased the activity of PDHa (active) in three regions of the rat brain with insignificant changes in the total form; a regional variation was also observed. Treatment of thyroidectomized rats with triiodothyronine restored the enzyme activity to almost control values after 60 days of thyroidectomy in all the three regions. Administration of T3 to control animals decreased the PDHa by 70% without affecting the total form. Results are discussed in relation with insulin sensitivity of various tissues. PMID- 7117231 TI - Change in the isozyme pattern of creatine kinase in the differentiation of the jejunal epithelium of the rat. PMID- 7117232 TI - The effects of hypoxia on serial response time. PMID- 7117233 TI - The effects of inert gas narcosis on the speed and accuracy of movement. PMID- 7117234 TI - Evaluation of amplitude and frequency components of the surface EMG as an index of muscle fatigue. PMID- 7117235 TI - Interaction of alpha, beta-diethyl stilbestrol 4,4'-bisphosphate with arginyl substrates resulting in apparent inhibition of trypsin and thrombin. AB - 1. alpha, beta-Diethyl stilbestrol 4,4'-bisphosphate (up to 7.0 mM) had no inhibitory action on trypsin assayed with the lysyl substrate, L-lysine nitroanilide dihydrobromide or by active-site titration with 4-methyl umbelliferyl-p-guanidinobenzoate X HCl. 2. Diethyl stilbestrol bisphosphate had an inhibitory action on the tryptic cleavage of arginyl peptides when fluorescein labelled soluble casein was used as a substrate. 3. This inhibitory action was caused by complex formation between diethyl stilbestrol bisphosphate and susceptible arginyl residues in the substrate, inhibition being reversed by increasing the substrate concentration or adding competitive arginine molecules. 4. This type of inhibition involving substrate modification is referred to as 'apparent inhibition' of trypsin and was confined to arginyl peptide bond cleavage. 5. Thrombin specifically cleaves arginyl bonds in fibrinogen to initiate clot formation by the production of fibrin monomers. Diethyl stilbestrol bisphosphate was shown to cause apparent inhibition of clot formation in whole plasma and fibrinogen solutions in the presence of added thrombin. 6. Kinetic data of clot formation demonstrated a threshold level of diethyl stilbestrol bisphosphate (approximately 5 mM) necessary to be exceeded before these apparent inhibitory effects were observed. 7. The mechanism of 'apparent inhibition' is briefly discussed in relation to the more usual inhibition of an enzyme activity due to the direct action of an inhibitor with the enzyme under study. PMID- 7117236 TI - Effect of Ca2+ binding to 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) light chains on conformational changes of F-actin caused by myosin subfragment-1. AB - The fluorescent ADP analogue, 1:N6-ethenoadenosine 5'-diphosphate, was incorporated into F-actin in a myosin-free ghost single fibre. Polarized fluorescence measurements of tryptophan residues and 1:N6-ethenoadenosine 5' diphosphate were performed under a microspectrophotometer to investigate the conformation of F-actin and the changes induced in it by myosin subfragment-1 with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) light chains and without them. A relation was found between the conformational state of F-actin and the presence of 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) light chains. The conformational changes were shown to be controlled by Ca2+ in the presence of 5,5'-dithiobis(2 nitrobenzoic acid) light chains. PMID- 7117237 TI - The interaction of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase with the triazine dye Brown MX 5BR. AB - Brown MX-5BR specifically and irreversibly inactivates tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase from Bacillus stearothermophilus at pH 8.5. The enzyme is protected from inactivation by the substrates tryptophan and ATP and to lesser extents by ADP, AMP, the product inorganic pyrophosphate and other nucleotides such as GTP. The Kd of the pure reactive dye for the enzyme was measured to be 6.7 X 10(-6) M. The Km values of the two substrates tryptophan and MgATP were found to be 1 x 10( 5) M and 5 x 10(-5) M respectively. The aminated dye is a competitive inhibitor of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase with respect to both tryptophan and MgATP with Ki values of 2 x 10(-4) M against both substrates. The use of this dye as an active site-directed affinity label is discussed. PMID- 7117238 TI - Influence of the 2'-hydroxyl group and of 6-N-methylation on the conformation of adenine dinucleoside monophosphates in solution. A nuclear magnetic resonance and circular dichroism study. AB - Proton NMR studies at 360 MHz are reported on the adenine dinucleoside monophosphates N6-dimethyladenyly(3'-5')-N6-dimethyladenosine (m(6)(2)Apm(6)(2)A), ApA, rApdA, dAprA and on the methyl phosphate esters of the monomers m(6)(2)Ap, pm(6)(2)A, Ap and pA. Complete 1H-NMR spectral assignments are given. The dimers were also investigated by means of circular dichroism to obtain accurate thermodynamic parameters of the stacking equilibrium. With the aid of the thermodynamic data NMR coupling constants are extrapolated to values appropriate to the stacked conformers. A modernized version of pseudorotation analysis is used to delineate the conformational behaviour of the ribose and 2' deoxyribose rings. It is shown that the unmethylated dimers can be arranged in two groups (dApdA/dAprA vs ApA/rApdA) according to their melting temperatures. ApA and the fully N6-methylated dimer m(6)(2)Apm(6)(2)A prefer to adopt the classical right-handed N-N stacked conformation. Both dimers with a 2' deoxyribose ring at the 5'-OH end (dApdA and dAprA) behave similarly and occur in solution as a 75:25 mixture of S-S and S-N stacked states. The fully stacked hybrid dimer rApdA displays an unexpectedly large amount of S conformers (greater than 40%) in both sugar rings. This finding is rationalized by the postulation of a right-handed helical S-S stacked state on the basis of NMR and circular dichroic data. PMID- 7117240 TI - Characterization of phosphorylated and dephosphorylated regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase II. PMID- 7117239 TI - Primary structure of the N-glycosidically linked sialoglycans of secretory immunoglobulins A from human milk. AB - The alkali-stable sialoglycopeptides of secretory immunoglobulins A from human milk have been separated from the alkali-labile glycopeptides by gel filtration and from the asialoglycopeptides by ion-exchange chromatography. The structures of five of them have been determined on the basis of the results obtained by methylation analysis, mass spectrometry and 360 MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy. For glycopeptide B, the following structure has been found: (formula; see text) The other glycopeptides can be considered as extensions of this structure. The following extensions to Gal-6' are proposed: NeuAc(alpha 2-6) (glycopeptide A), Gal(beta 1-3) (glycopeptide D) and Fuc(alpha 1-6) (glycopeptide E). Furthermore, in glycopeptide C a fucose residue in (alpha 1-3) linkage to GlcNAc-5' could be traced. PMID- 7117241 TI - The import of carbamoyl-phosphate synthase into mitochondria from foetal rat liver. AB - A putative precursor of carbamoyl-phosphate synthase was isolated from a microsomal wash fraction and purified by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Autolytic degradation and limited proteolysis were used to characterize the putative precursor of carbamoyl-phosphate synthase and to show its similarity to the processed enzyme. The carbamoyl-phosphate synthase precursor underwent a time dependent and concentration-dependent conversion into a dimeric or polymeric form. When labelled with 125I and incubated with foetal rat liver mitochondria the precursor was bound to the mitochondria and about 30% of the label was imported into the matrix space. This labelling required the presence of ATP and was time-dependent. Mitoplasts also imported the carbamoyl-phosphate synthase precursor. After import of the precursor, increases in carbamoyl-phosphate synthase activity could be demonstrated in foetal rat liver mitochondria. PMID- 7117242 TI - Changes in the metabolism of modified and unmodified low-density lipoproteins during the maturation of cultured blood monocyte-macrophages from normal and homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemic subjects. PMID- 7117243 TI - Binding, uptake and intracellular processing of polymeric rat immunoglobulin A by cultured rat hepatocytes. PMID- 7117244 TI - Purification and characterization of a soluble epoxide hydrolase from rabbit liver. AB - A method for the extensive purification of rabbit liver cytoplasmic epoxide hydrolase is described. The end-product, which was purified 550-fold with respect to the cytosolic fraction, appeared to be more than 85% pure. Results indicate that the enzyme is a dimer of molecular weight 110 000 and consists of two subunits, which are identical or very similar (Mr 57 000) and possess N-terminal serine. Evidence for the existence of aggregates of higher molecular weight was also obtained. The catalytic properties of the cytoplasmic enzyme with styrene oxide as substrate (Km = 3.4 mM; V = 3480 nmol mg-1 min-1) differed markedly from the values published for the microsomal hydrolase. PMID- 7117245 TI - Isolation and preliminary characterization of clathrin-associated proteins. AB - Clathrin-associated proteins were separated from clathrin under various clathrin denaturing conditions, i.e. heating, freezing and isoelectric precipitation. The proteins retained biological activity; they were purified further by affinity chromatography on calmodulin-conjugated CNBr-Sepharose 4B and used for antibody purification. The affinity-purified anti-(clathrin-associated proteins) antibodies gave a fluorescent dotted pattern in cultured fibroblasts consistent with the known distribution of clathrin. Chemical cross-linking of pure clathrin associated proteins indicated that these polypeptides exist as monomers in solution, each possessing Ca2+-dependent affinity for calmodulin to which they bind in a 1:1 molar ratio. Chymotryptic treatment of coated vesicles selectively cleaved the clathrin-associated proteins into a 15 000-18 000-Mr doublet polypeptide. These subfragments retained their Ca2+-dependent affinity for calmodulin. Our results support a regulatory role for clathrin-associated proteins in clathrin assemblies. PMID- 7117246 TI - The surface-exposed, trypsin-accessible segments of apolipoprotein B in the low density lipoprotein of human serum. Fractionation and characterisation of the liberated peptides. PMID- 7117247 TI - A comprehensive approach to the study of collagen primary structure based on high performance liquid chromatography. AB - A comprehensive approach for the structural microanalysis of collagen based of collagen based on high-performance liquid chromatography (h.p.l.c.) has been developed using calf skin type I collagen as a model system. The alpha, beta and gamma components were separated, after heat denaturation, on a TSK 4000 SW gel permeation column, using a nonvolatile buffer. Monitoring at 210 nm permits the detection of 1 microgram of a single chain. The alpha 1(I) and alpha 2(I) chains were completely resolved using a large-pore reversed-phase column (Vydac 201 TP 4.6) eluted by an aqueous acetonitrile gradient (24-48%) containing 0.01 M heptafluorabutyric acid as an ion-pairing agent. The purified alpha 1(I) chain was digested with CNBr and the resulting fragments separated in the same chromatography system with a gradient containing a 12.8-44.8% acetonitrile gradient. The purified alpha 1(I)CB 3 peptide was further cleaved with trypsin and the resulting peptides separated first by a similar chromatography with a 4 32% acetonitrile gradient. Resolution of some poorly separated peptides was obtained by a rechromatography using trifluoroacetic acid as counterion. The isolated peptides were hydrolyzed and identified by their amino-acid composition. Sequencing of h.p.l.c.-purified alpha 1(I)CB 3 was also performed to demonstrate the suitability of the technique for the preparation of peptides for amino-acid sequencing. This study demonstrates that detailed structural analysis can be performed on 3 mg of a purified collagen. PMID- 7117248 TI - Regulation of short-term changes in hepatic beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity. AB - Immunotitrations of rat liver hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HOMeGlt-CoA) reductase activity were performed before and after short-term changes in the nutritional or hormonal state of the animals. Changes in enzyme activity (increase or decrease) within 1 h following cholesterol feeding or glucagon or mevalonolactone administration to normal rats, or insulin administration to diabetic rats were accompanied by no change in the specific activity of the enzyme, as determined from the quantity of enzyme activity inactivated by a fixed quantity of antibody. These results support the conclusion that the loss in enzyme activity was due to conversion of the enzyme to immuno-unreactive products. In agreement with this conclusion the enzyme activity lost after these short-term physiological changes was not restorable by phosphoprotein phosphatase action. On the other hand, incubation of rat liver microsomes with ATP and Mg2+ decreased the specific activity of HOMeGlt-CoA reductase about tenfold, as determined by immunotitration. The low specific activity produced under these conditions was increased by phosphatase action to nearly the original level. The above evidence suggests that the changes in HOMeGlt-CoA reductase activity that resulted from short-term physiological changes in hormonal or nutritional states of an animal were brought about by a change in the quantity of enzyme, and not by reversible phosphorylation of pre-existing enzyme. PMID- 7117249 TI - Infrared spectroscopy, a tool for probing bacterial peptidoglycan. Potentialities of infrared spectroscopy for cell wall analytical studies and rejection of models based on crystalline chitin. AB - Infrared spectroscopic measurements are used to obtain insights into the three dimensional architecture of peptidoglycan (murein), the rigid component of almost all bacterial cell walls. The infrared spectra of various types of peptidoglycans (including all chemotypes and examples of the so called A and B groups) were compared to each other and to those obtained from crystalline chitin. All peptidoglycans investigated exhibited very similar infrared spectra. In particular the conformationally sensitive amide A, I and II absorption bands were found to be constantly centered around 3300 cm-1, 1657 cm-1 and 1534 cm-1 respectively; furthermore, the spectral region between 1200 cm-1 and 800 cm-1, characterized by several strong absorption bands connected to complex sugar ring modes, proved to be remarkably uniform. Additionally the infrared spectra remained significantly constant between -175 degrees C and + 75 degrees C and turned out to be rather independent of sample preparation (solvent replacement, freeze-drying and film producing). An analysis of band half-widths revealed no high crystalline state of order of peptidoglycan. On the basis of band positions and half-widths of amide bands, regular conformations like alpha helices of beta pleated sheets could be excluded. Several distinctive, fingerprint-like spectral features of the various murein samples permitted a facile identification of individual peptidoglycans. Moreover, infrared spectroscopy seems to be very promising as an analytical tool, e.g. for tracing variations of cell wall structure, detecting conformational changes and estimating crosslinking indices in a quick and simple way. The comparative analysis of amide band positions and band half-widths yielded substantial differences between infrared spectra of chitin and murein, thus rejecting previous models based on the assumption of a nearly crystalline chitin-like structure of the glycan chains of murein. PMID- 7117250 TI - Properties of catalase purified from whole cells and peroxisomes of n-alkane grown Candida tropicalis. AB - Peroxisomes appear profusely, in harmony with a marked enhancement of catalase activity level, in yeast cells growing on n-alkanes or higher fatty acids as the sole carbon source. Catalase (H2O2:H2O2 oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.6) was purified to homogeneity from the crude extract and from the peroxisome-containing particulate fraction of alkane-grown Candida tropicalis cells. The purified enzyme from each source was a similar protein of molecular weight 210000 composed of four identical subunits of molecular weight 54000, namely a kind of homotetramer. The enzyme contained one molecule of heme per subunit, giving the absorption spectrum characteristic of hemoprotein. Beta-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-L alanine served as a substrate for the peroxidatic reaction by the enzyme. Ouchterlony double-diffusion analysis and immunochemical titration with rabbit antiserum against peroxisomal catalase of n-alkane-grown C. tropicalis have indicated that cytoplasmic catalase of the yeast is immunologically indistinguishable with peroxisomal catalase. PMID- 7117251 TI - Subcellular localization of the methylcitric-acid-cycle enzymes in propionate metabolism of Yarrowia lipolytica. AB - The subcellular localization of the four characteristic enzymes of the methylcitric acid cycle was studied with glucose-grown as well as n-alkane-grown cells of Yarrowia lipolytica. Microsomes and peroxisomes showed no cycle enzyme activities. The four cycle enzymes were constitutively localized in mitochondria, with the exception of the dual localization of the fourth enzyme, 2 methylisocitrate lyase, in mitochondria and cytoplasm, where the lyase may function to supply pyruvate (the end-product of the catabolism of the propionate residue) to various reactions. PMID- 7117252 TI - The major cell envelope protein of Micrococcus radiodurans (R1). Structural and chemical characterization. PMID- 7117253 TI - Glutathione S-conjugate transport using inside-out vesicles from human erythrocytes. AB - Previous studies [Kondo, T., Dale, G. L. and Beutler, E. (1981) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 645, 132-136] have shown evidence for the existence of two different active transport processes for glutathione disulphide (GSSG) in human erythrocytes (the high-Km and low-Km processes). In the present investigation adenosine triphosphate-dependent transport of glutathione S-conjugate was characterized in comparison with active glutathione transport using inside-out vesicles from human erythrocytes. Incubation of the vesicles with glutathione S-conjugate (S-2,4 dinitrophenylglutathione) was found to inhibit competitively the high-Km process of GSSG transport but not significantly affect the low-Km process. The glutathione S-conjugate transport required ATP. A lineweaver-Burk plot of the transport rate as a function of the conjugate concentration gave an apparent Km value of 0.94 mM. The Km value of ATP-Mg was 0.76 mM. The transport of glutathione S-conjugate was dependent on temperature. Preincubation of vesicles with dithiothreitol resulted in an increase of the transport rate while thiol reagents, such as iodoacetamide, N-ethylmaleimide and p-chloromercuribenzoate inhibited the transport. Addition of nucleotides, such as CTP, UTP or GTP had no effect on the transport. These findings suggest that glutathione S-conjugate formed by the catalytic reaction of glutathione S-transferase in erythrocytes under the exposure to electrophilic compounds, is eliminated via the same transport process for GSSG elevated under oxidative stress. PMID- 7117254 TI - ATP-independent proteolysis of globin cyanogen bromide peptides in rabbit reticulocyte cell-free extracts. AB - The catabolism of two rabbit globin cyanogen bromide peptides in cell-free extracts of ATP-depleted rabbit reticulocytes has been studied. Proteolysis of the peptides (3533 and 5957 molecular weight) proceeded rapidly in the absence of ATP, had a pH optimum of approximately 7.8, and was inhibited by omicron phenanthroline, N-ethylmaleimide, cystamine zinc and cobalt ions, and puromycin peptide high-molecular-weight aggregates. Proteolysis of puromycin peptides was inhibited by the rabbit globin cyanogen bromide peptides. The ability of cell free extracts of degrade the globin cyanogen bromide peptides decreased with the reticulocyte maturity. Blocking the globin cyanogen bromide peptide amino groups by succinic and maleic anhydride treatment decreased susceptibility to degradation. It is suggested that the globin cyanogen bromide peptides might provide model substrates, replacing puromycin peptides, for the investigation of ATP-independent proteolytic events. PMID- 7117255 TI - Non-destructive detection of methionine sulfoxide in the resilium of a surf clam by solid-state 13C-NMR spectroscopy. AB - Methionine sulfoxide was detected in the resilium (internal hinge ligament) of a surf clam by high-resolution solid-state 13C-NMR spectroscopy involving cross polarization and magic angle spinning, using no chemical procedure. The results support the previous report [Kikuchi, Y. and Tamiya, N. (1981) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 89, 1975-1976] on a high content of methionine sulfoxide observed by chemical methods in the resilium protein of surf clam species. PMID- 7117256 TI - Effect of tunicamycin on thyroglobulin secretion. AB - Secretion of thyroglobulin was studied by incubating pig thyroid follicles, isolated by collagenase digestion and opened up by trypsinization. When followed over periods of 4 h, the secretion of [14C]leucine-labeled thyroglobulin into the medium was reduced by 60-95% in the presence of 1 microgram/ml and 5 micrograms/ml of tunicamycin. These concentrations of the antibiotic reduced incorporation of [3H]mannose into the follicle proteins by 70-80% but did not significantly influence the incorporation of [14C]leucine. Rat thyroid lobes were labeled with [3H]leucine for 20 min and chase-incubated for 0-4 h. In electron microscopic autoradiographs obtained immediately after labeling, the label was restricted to the follicle cells and concentrated over the endoplasmic reticulum both in controls and in specimens exposed to tunicamycin (5 micrograms/ml). After 4 h chase most radioactivity was located in the follicle lumen in controls whereas in tunicamycin-exposed lobes almost all labeled material was retained in the follicle cells. It is concluded that tunicamycin suppresses thyroglobulin secretion and that this is not due to inhibited protein synthesis. PMID- 7117257 TI - The D(V/K) isotope effect of the cytochrome P-450-mediated oxidation of ethanol and its biological applications. PMID- 7117258 TI - The yield of reactivation of lactic dehydrogenase after guanidine HCl denaturation is not determined by proline cis in equilibrium trans isomerization. PMID- 7117259 TI - The effect of acceptor oligoribonucleotide sequence on the T4 RNA ligase reaction. AB - In order to make efficient use of T4 RNA ligase in a program involving chemical enzymatic oligoribonucleotide synthesis, the sequence effects of the acceptor oligomer have been refined. The reaction of the donor molecules pCp and pUpUpUpCp with a series of trinucleoside diphosphates ApApN, CpNpA and NpCpA (where N = U, C, A or G) was examined. High-performance liquid chromatography was used for simultaneous analysis of all substrates, intermediates and products. For all trinucleoside bisphosphates tested a substantial amount of the intermediate A(5')pp(5')Cp or A(5')pp(5')UpUpUpCp was observed. This indicated that the extent of ligation was dependent upon sequence of the acceptor molecule and not upon adenylation of the donor. Conversely, examination of the four nucleoside 3',5' bisphosphate donors pUp, pCp, pAp and pGp with a common acceptor ApApU indicated that in the case of poor ligation little of the intermediate adenylated donor was formed. PMID- 7117260 TI - Two forms of adrenodoxin reductase from mitochondria of bovine adrenal cortex. PMID- 7117261 TI - Biosynthesis of dog fibrinogen. Characterization of nascent fibrinogen in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 7117262 TI - Magnetic field effects on mitotic cycle length in Physarum. AB - Large plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum were formed from mixtures of micro plasmodia grown in shaker cultures exposed to 2.0 G (rms), 75 Hz magnetic fields and non-exposed, control cultures. The exposed cultures had been grown continuously in the field and displayed a longer mitotic cycle than the controls. Mixed cultures display synchronous mitosis and a cycle length intermediate to the cycle lengths of exposed and control cultures. The cycle length of mixed cultures varied with the proportions of the mixture in a non-linear manner. The results are discussed in terms of several models. PMID- 7117263 TI - Ultrastructural studies of Chironomus salivary gland cells in different states of Balbiani ring activity. AB - Chironomus tentans fourth instar larvae were awakened from oligopause (diapause) and treated with pilocarpine to stimulate Balbiani ring transcriptional activity. Salivary glands were fixed, sectioned and examined by conventional and stereo electron microscopy. Balbiani ring RNP lateral fiber densities were measured in well-formed regions with clear Balbiani ring granules arranged along chromatin transcription axes. Despite an up to ten-fold range in Balbiani ring transcriptional activity [10, 12, 14], we observed no significant difference in lateral fiber densities. These data are discussed in terms of the variety of mechanisms for modulating overall transcriptional activity, including recruitment of parallel transcription units in the polytene chromosome. The lack of other major ultrastructural changes at the nuclear envelope and within the domains of tubular rough endoplasmic reticulum argue strongly against a major dismantling of subcellular structure during the induced oligopause. PMID- 7117264 TI - Stereo electron microscope studies of mitotic chromosomes from Chinese hamster ovary cells. AB - Stereo electron microscopy was employed to examine thin sections of Chinese hamster ovary metaphase chromosomes in situ and of chromosomes released from Chinese hamster ovary cells by several methods. Detergent lysis of cells in a buffer containing Mg++ and Ca++ and hypotonic lysis of cells in a hexylene glycol Ca++ buffer released chromosomes that exhibited a three-dimensional meshwork of about 50 nm chromatin fibers. Fragmentation of cells in serum-free medium by vortexing with glass beads revealed a more dispersed chromosomal morphology with a mesh of 10 to 25-nm fibers exhibiting a presumptive nucleosomal substructure. Possible origins of the various fiber sizes are discussed in terms of current models of metaphase chromosome structure. PMID- 7117265 TI - ATP level and caffeine efficiency on cytokinesis inhibition in plants. AB - Plant cytokinesis appears to be a topographically organized process of exocytosis. Golgi vesicles which contain cell wall precursors are translocated during telophase, by interzonal microtubules, to the equatorial region of the mitotic apparatus where they fuse with each other giving rise to the new cell wall. Caffeine inhibits cytokinesis by hindering Golgi vesicle coalescence. The present results demonstrate that treatments which increase the cellular ATP level (adenosine, cycloheximide and anisomycin) counteract caffein-induced cytokinesis inhibition in meristem cells of onion root tips (Allium cepa L.), while treatments which decrease ATP level potentiate this caffeine effect (dinitrophenol, fluoroacetate, low oxygen tensions, etc.). We postulate that caffeine, in competition with the cellular ATP level, blocks cell plate formation by inhibiting a certain ATPase activity required for membrane fusion of Golgi vesicles. PMID- 7117266 TI - Loss of mitotic centrosomal microtubule initiation capacity at the metaphase anaphase transition. AB - The microtubule initiation capacity of the mitotic centrosome was studied in PtK1 cells by using the highly reversible microtubule inhibitor nocodazole. Cells blocked with nocodazole at any stage prior to onset of anaphase completed mitosis by reforming the spindle following release from the drug. Cells treated with nocodazole immediately upon onset of sister chromatid separation and then released did not complete mitosis, but instead progressed directly to an interphase state. This anaphase-linked transition in response to treatment was clearly evident as a change in centrosomal microtubule initiation capacity coincident with commencement of sister chromatid separation. Cells blocked in very late metaphase and then released were found to have retained the enhanced centrosomal microtubule initiation capacity characteristic of early mitosis. Cells blocked after the beginning of anaphase and then released, however, displayed dramatically reduced centrosomal microtubule initiation capacity. Mitotic cells blocked with colcemid or nocodazole and lysed into microtubule protein containing buffers also exhibited stage-specific differences in their ability to initiate microtubule in the centrosomal region. Cells blocked prior to anaphase onset and lysed into microtubule protein nucleated a number of microtubules typical of that found in a metaphase aster; anaphase cells nucleated substantially fewer microtubules. PMID- 7117267 TI - Deoxycytidine monophosphate deaminase in Acetabularia: properties and regulation in the early generative phase. AB - The occurrence of a dCMP deaminase in Acetabularia mediterranea has been demonstrated. The enzyme which is found in a particulate fraction is substantially stimulated by the addition of dCTP. The activity of the enzyme is increased at the beginning of the generative phase in nucleate as well as in anucleate cells. This regulation is due to de novo synthesis of the enzyme. By means of inhibitor studies, it has been shown that the enzyme is translated on 70S ribosomes of and coced for in cell organelles. PMID- 7117269 TI - Gap junction pleiomorphism in the root system of the rhizocephalans (Arthropoda: Crustacea). AB - We have studied gap junctions in the root system of four different species of rhizocephalans (Arthropoda: Crustacea) using freeze-fracture. Numerous and often very extensive gap junctions are present between the root cells. They are of the characteristic E-type also found in other arthropods. Large junctional particles (ca. 13 nm) are located predominantly on the E-face, while complementary pits and a few dislocated particles are present on the P-face. The gap junctions show a remarkable pleiomorphism. Small macular gap junctions with rather densely packed particles, larger irregularly shaped gap junctions, often forming bands with intervening particle-free membrane domains, and gap junctions with widely dispersed particles are observed. These features are documented both in material after conventional preparation including glutaraldehyde fixation and glycerol cryoprotection and in material frozen directly in a nitrogen slush without any preceding preparation, and are discussed in relation to possible functional significance. PMID- 7117268 TI - Distribution of anionic sites in Bruch's membrane of the rabbit eye. AB - The organization of anionic (negatively charged) sites in Bruch's membrane of the rabbit eye at various stages of postnatal development was studied using the cationic polymer, polyethyleneimine (PEI). PEI-positive sites were demonstrable as rows of particles (diameter ca. 18 nm) located at intervals along either side of the basal laminae of the retinal pigment epithelium and choriocapillary endothelium. In tangential sections through Bruch's membrane, stained particles appeared to be arranged in a semi-regular, lattice-like pattern in which the sites were separated from each other by an interval of approximately 50 nm. PEI positive particles were also observed on collagen fibers where they were distributed at regular intervals along the length of the fiber. In tangential sections, collagen fibers formed a loosely packed meshwork in the central zone of Bruch's membrane. In addition, individual fibers were frequently oriented so that one end was located close to or within the substance of the basal laminae, a result suggesting that the anionic sites on these fibers might contribute to the network present in the basal laminae. The findings lend further support to the suggestion that anionic sites in Bruch's membrane may serve as a charge barrier which retards the movement of anionic molecules that are in transit from the choriocapillaris to the retinal pigment epithelium and outer neural retina. PMID- 7117270 TI - Coated pits and pinocytosis of cationized ferritin in human skin fibroblasts. AB - Pinocytosis was studied in cultured human skin fibroblasts in order to obtain more information about uptake in these cells of non-specific ligands with different net surface charge. The fibroblasts were obtained from a normal person and a patient homozygous for familial hypercholesterolemia. No ultrastructural differences were observed between the two cell types. The ratio between coated and smooth pits at the cell surface was about 1:6. Freeze-fracture revealed that whereas smooth pits were devoid of intramembrane particles, the coated pits occupying 1-5% of the total cell surface area showed numerous intramembrane particles. Cationized ferritin (pI = 8.5) bound to the cell surface and to coated pits of both types of fibroblasts at 4 degrees C. Either type internalized CF at 37 degrees C. Vacuoles (lysosomal elements) containing CF were seen already after 5 min at 37 degrees C, but were much numerous after 30 min of incubation at 37 degrees C, and appeared with the same frequency in both cell types. Smooth (uncoated) pits at the cell surface remained unlabeled. In contrast to CF, native ferritin (pI = 4.6) was internalized to a very limited extent in both cell types, even after 3.5 h of incubation at 37 degrees C. These results indicate that both normal and FH fibroblasts internalize CF exclusively by coated pits, and adsorptive uptake mechanism that apparently is nonspecific but clearly cation selective. PMID- 7117272 TI - Changes in the mitochondrial surface potential during cuprizone-induced formation of megamitochondria. AB - The formation of megamitochondria upon treatment of mice with cuprizone was studied in relation to the surface potential of mitochondria. The latter was monitored by binding of 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulphonate to membranes, by kinetics of monoamine oxidase and by free-flow electrophoresis of the particles. It was found that the surface potential of megamitochondria was by about 20 mV less negative than that of normal mitochondria whereas no change of the surface potential upon cuprizone treatment was observed in microsomes. It is suggested that a partial neutralization of the negative surface charge of mitochondrial membranes may promote fusion or inhibit division of mitochondria, thus resulting in formation of giant structures. PMID- 7117271 TI - Lysosomophagy in cultured macrophages treated with the antimicrotubular drug nocodazole. PMID- 7117273 TI - Vinblastine-induced autophagic vacuoles in mouse liver and Ehrlich ascites tumor cells as assessed by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. AB - The structure of the membrane limiting apparently newly formed autophagic vacuoles was studied in vinblastine (VBL) induced autophagocytosis in mouse liver parenchymal cells and in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. In the VBL-treated cells, the formation of autophagic vacuoles was far greater than in the controls as examined by thin section transmission electron microscopy. In freeze-fracture studies of both VBL-treated and control cells, only the P- and E-fracture faces of the outer limiting membrane of the autophagic vacuoles contained a few intramembrane particles (IMP). Their density appeared however, to be much lower than the IMP density on the P- and E-fracture faces of the endoplasmic reticulum or of the Golgi apparatus. The inner limiting membrane of the autophagic vacuoles was smooth. It is apparent that the membranes of endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus are not directly involved in autophagic vacuole formation. PMID- 7117274 TI - Radioimmunoassay of nicergoline in biological material. AB - A method for radioimmunoassay of nicergoline (Sermion) in plasma and urine is described. The antiserum was produced in rabbits by administration of an immunogen obtained by coupling bovine serum albumin to the nicergoline molecule at the indole nitrogen. The resulting antibodies reacted well with nicergoline and the 1-demethyl derivative and did not cross-react with the principal metabolites of these substrates nor with rye ergot derivatives in particular dihydroergotamine, methysergide and bromocriptine. The tracer was nicergoline labelled with iodine-125. The assay was sensitive because concentrations as low as 125 X 10-12 mol/l nicergoline could be directly determined in plasma and urine without prior extraction. The marked specificity and high sensitivity allowed easy determination of plasma and urine levels of this drug following administration in man. PMID- 7117275 TI - Depth-discrimination in direct 3D-scanning without image reconstruction using a coincidence technique. PMID- 7117276 TI - Some remarks on 99Mo-99mTc generator kinetics. AB - Attention is drawn to some erroneous and incomplete pieces of information on 99Mo 99mTc generator kinetics published in the literature. The assumption that 99mTc is eluted completely from the generator leads to the incorrect 99TmTc activity time curve plotted in some papers. It is shown that the time at which 99mTc activity in the generator reaches the maximum value depends on the efficiency of 99mTc separation. The expression derived on by authors allows the prediction of 99mTc activity available in the second separation performed several hours after the previous separation. PMID- 7117277 TI - Early kinetics of the human thyroid trap estimated with 99mTc and 131I. PMID- 7117278 TI - Temporal Fourier analysis applied to equilibrium radionuclide cineangiography. Importance in the study of global and regional left ventricular wall motion. AB - Regional and global left ventricular wall motion was assessed in 120 patients using radionuclide cineangiography (RCA) and contrast angiography. Functional imaging procedures based on a temporal Fourier analysis of dynamic image sequences were applied to the study of cardiac contractility. Two images were constructed by taking the phase and amplitude values of the first harmonic in the Fourier transform for each pixel. These two images aided in determining the perimeter of the left ventricle to calculate the global ejection fraction. Regional left ventricular wall motion was studied by analyzing the phase value and by examining the distribution histogram of these values. The accuracy of global ejection fraction calculation was improved by the Fourier technique. This technique increased the sensitivity of RCA for determining segmental abnormalities especially in the left anterior oblique view (LAO). PMID- 7117279 TI - Hepatobiliary imaging using Tc-pyridoxylideneglutamate in the diagnosis of obstructive jaundice. AB - In 77 of 114 consecutive patients with suspected hepatobiliary disease undergoing cholescintigraphy a firm clinical or operative diagnosis was possible. These patients were classified as normal, or as having extra-hepatic biliary obstruction (partial or complete) or hepatocellular disease. On a double-blind basis cholescintigraphy correctly interpreted 18 of 20 (90%) normal controls, 12 of 14 (86%) of those with partial obstruction, 16 of 16 (100%) of those with complete obstruction and 23 of 27 (85%) of those with hepatocellular disease giving an overall diagnostic accuracy of 69 of 77 (90%). There were no complications or toxic reactions. Ninety-three percent of patients with biliary obstruction (sensitivity) and 87% of those without biliary obstruction (specificity) were correctly diagnosed. Cholescintigraphy is a non-invasive, cheap and reliable investigation which can be used in the presence of icterus to discriminate between patients with and without extra-hepatic biliary obstruction. In contrast to grey scale ultrasonography the production and interpretation of scans are simple. Moreover cholescintigraphy adds a functional element to the investigation of liver disease. PMID- 7117280 TI - Characteristic cholescintigraphic images in space-occupying lesions. AB - Patients with space-occupying lesions (SOL) were studied using cholescintigraphy and varying results found. In 24 cases of SOL of 40 patients studied, we observed: (1) the presence of focal defects; (2) displacement of the intrahepatic biliary tree; (3) blocking of the passage (stop) of radioactivity to the intrahepatic biliary tree. The first indication, the presence of focal defects, had a sensitivity of 0.81 and a specificity of 0.78. The displacement and radioactivity stop was less frequent, but more specific. This is due to the fact that cholescintigraphy permits the specific study of the biliary tree and its pathological alterations. In our patients, the diagnostic errors were due to extreme hepatic damage, which produced an unclear image of the liver parenchyma and the biliary tree. This is observed in complete obstruction and in some cases of cirrhosis. When signs of displacement and stop were closely associated with focal defects, the diagnosis of SOL was highly specific. PMID- 7117281 TI - Glue-sniffing as a cause of a positive radio-isotope brain scan. AB - Convulsions are a known complication of the acute intoxicant effects of solvent abuse. A radio-isotope brain scan done 9 months following status epilepticus secondary to toluene inhalation, in a previously normal school-boy, demonstrated several wedge-shaped areas of increased uptake, in both cerebral hemispheres, consistent with infarcts. It is worth remembering that a positive brain scan in a young person, with recent onset of epilepsy, may be due to glue-sniffing. PMID- 7117282 TI - On the pathogenesis of anticonvulsant-drug-induced alterations of calcium metabolism. PMID- 7117283 TI - Endomyocardial biopsy in infants and children: technique; indications and results. AB - By modification of a miniaturized technique for transcatheter endomyocardial biopsy, it was possible to insert a bioptome through a 6 French catheter in 15 infants and children aged 40 days to 17 years and weighing 3.5 to 55kg. Eight right and 7 left ventricular biopsies were performed, and the specimens were examined by light and electron microscopy. In one child we failed to obtain a specimen. There were no complications. Diagnoses to be either proved or excluded were hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathy, endocardial fibroelastosis, glycogen and lipid storage disease, tumours and myocarditis. Morphological examination was diagnostic in 2 cases, helpful in 10 cases and of no help in 2 cases. by this technique it is possible to prove endomyocardial diseases with a high degree of reliability in infants and children without increasing risk or stress. PMID- 7117284 TI - The biochemical defect of pseudoachondroplasia. PMID- 7117285 TI - Effect of low-content zinc and copper formula on infant nutrition. AB - The zinc (Zn) content of commercially available formula milks in Japan is less than that of breast milk obtained during the first three months of lactation, but is similar to that at five months of lactation. The copper (Cu) content of the formula milks is much lower than that of breast milk obtained during the five months. These two trace elements were measured in serum (at birth, one, three, and five months of age), hair (at birth and at five months of age) and urine (at one, three and five months of age) of twenty-one breast fed and twenty formula fed full term infants. Despite the differences in Zn and Cu intakes, these parameters were similar in these two infant groups, except for urinary Zn at one and three months of age. These were significantly higher in breast fed infants (P less than 0.005 and P less than 0.05). Weight and length increments were not different in either infant group. It appeared that normal, full term infants tolerated low-content Zn and Cu formula milks well. This observation, however, is not at variance with the FAO/WHO recommendation for prevention of Zn and Cu deficiency. PMID- 7117287 TI - The partial 4q monosomy. Report of a 5-year-old boy with deletion 4q31.3 leads to 4qter. PMID- 7117286 TI - The efficacy of growth hormone in different types of growth failure. An analysis of 101 cases. PMID- 7117288 TI - Protracted Diarrhoea, Immunodeficiency and viruses. PMID- 7117289 TI - The trisomy 4p syndrome: a case report. AB - Partial trisomy of the short arm of chromosome 4 is considered to be a rare chromosomal disorder. Its clinical and dermatoglyphic features tend to make it a clinically recognizable syndrome. This paper describes a 2 year-old female child with the characteristic findings of frontal bossing, deep-set eyes, broad nasal bridge giving the appearance of hypertelorism, wide nares, midfacial hypoplasia, large dysplastic ears, prognathism and various hand and foot malformations. Chromosomal studies showed her to be trisomic for the distal two-thirds of the short arm of number 4. The etiology of this chromosomal aberration in most instances is unknown, but may occur as a result of an unbalanced translocation in one of the parents as in the case reported here. PMID- 7117290 TI - Carcinoma of the gallbladder associated with gallstones in a 15 year-old girl. PMID- 7117291 TI - Campylobacter colitis in a young child. PMID- 7117292 TI - Hypocalcemic myopathy in idiopathic hypoparathyroidism. PMID- 7117293 TI - Single dose pharmacokinetics of fendiline in humans. AB - Fendiline was administered intravenously (3 mg) and orally (50 mg and 75 mg) in a cross-over study to six healthy volunteers. The plasma levels of unchanged fendiline and of total radioactivity were measured. Fendiline was absorbed well and its concentration declined biexponentially with mean terminal half-lives of 20-35 h. Since the drug is extensively metabolized, only 12% of total radioactivity in plasma corresponded to fendiline in the case of intravenous administration as compared to less than 2% after oral administration. 56-65% of the administered dose are excreted via the urine and 18-25% with the feces within five days. PMID- 7117294 TI - Isolation and mass spectrometric identification of gitoxin metabolites excreted in bile. PMID- 7117295 TI - Pharmacokinetics of doxycycline polyphosphate after oral multiple dosing in humans. AB - Nine healthy volunteers received oral multiple doses of doxycycline polyphosphate for 6 days. Three different dosage schedules were given and the time concentration data obtained was used to determine the best protocol for producing effective serum antibiotic levels during a complete period of treatment with the aid of a mathematical simulation programme. This protocol consisted of the administration of a 200 mg loading dose on the first day, followed by a 100 mg maintenance dose every twelve hours. Using this dosage schedule a steady state was obtained on the first day of treatment, 3 mg/l was the maximum serum level reached, and the lowest serum concentration was more than 1 mg/l which was assumed to be a therapeutically effective serum concentration. PMID- 7117296 TI - Identification of biliary metabolites of mebendazole in the rat. AB - Three metabolites of mebendazole were isolated from the bile of rats dosed with a mixture of mebendazole and pentadeuteromebendazole. The identification was based upon the appearance of the characteristic doublet in the mass spectrum of the compounds and the comparison of their fragmentations with those of authentic compounds. Cochromatography of the metabolites with the authentic compounds on HPLC supported the identification. Methyl-5(6)-(alpha-hydroxybenzyl)-2 benzimidazole carbamate, 2-amino-5(6)-(alpha-hydroxybenzyl) benzimidazole and 2 amino-5(6)-benzoylbenzimidazole were identified as metabolites after enzymic conjugate hydrolysis. Some unmetabolized mebendazole was also found. PMID- 7117297 TI - Stereochemical characterization of interactions of chiral 1,4-benzodiazepine-2 ones with liver microsomes. AB - Microsomal P-450 cytochrome are stereoselective toward 7-Chloro-1,3-dihydro-3(S) methyl-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. (S)-1, and 7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-3(S) isopropyl-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one, (S)-2. (S)-enantiomers bind to a substrate binding site which accomodates the stable M-conformation (Ks =0.01 to 0.018 mmol/l). (R)-enantiomers, however, undergo a ligand type of interaction (Ks = 0.036 to 0.12 mmol/l). Prochiral desmethyldiazepam behaves similarly to the (S) enantiomers of the above compounds. The ligand binding site does not differentiate between M- and P-conformers. PMID- 7117298 TI - Febarbamate: metabolism in the rat. AB - The metabolism of 1-(3-butoxy-2-carbamoyloxypropyl)-5-ethyl-5-phenyl-(1H,3H,5H) pyrimidine-2,4,6- trione (febarbamate) in the rat has been studied after oral administration. Using high performance liquid chromatography, fifteen metabolites were isolated from urine, purified and identified by MS and NMR spectrometry. Febarbamate was extensively metabolized and only traces of the unchanged compound were found. The oxygen dealkylation and the (omega-1)-hydroxylation of n-butyl chain are the predominant pathways of the biotransformation and lead to the formation of two major metabolites: 1-(2-carbamoyloxy-3-hydroxypropyl)-5-ethyl-5 phenyl-(1H,3H,5H)-pyrimidine-2,4,6,-trione and 1-[3-(3-hydroxybutoxy)-2 carbamoyloxypropyl]-5-ethyl-5-phenyl-(1H,3H,5H)-pyrimidine-2,4,6,-trione. Hydrolytic cleavage of the ester function, the pyrimidine ring opening and p hydroxylation of phenyl ring play a less important role. The stepwise degradation of n-butyl chain was also observed. PMID- 7117299 TI - Antileptazol activity and kinetic of CP 1414 S (7-nitro-2-amino-5-phenyl-3-H-,1,5 benzodiazepine-4-one) in the rat and mouse. AB - The antileptazol effect of CP 1414 S (7-nitro-2-amino-3-phenyl-3H-1,5 benzodiazepine-4-one) a newly developed 1,5 benzodiazepine, lasts longer in mice than in rats. After intraperitoneal injection (10 mg/kg) brain levels of the drug were higher and persisted for longer in the mouse than in the rat. Although it cannot be excluded tht possible metabolites of CP 1414 S may contribute to the anticonvulsant effect of CP 1414 S, in both species the protective effect correlates well with the brain concentrations of the drug. PMID- 7117300 TI - Pharmacokinetic studies of flumecinol in man and dog. AB - The pharmacokinetics of flumecinol (Zixoryn) a new hepatic enzyme inducer has been studied in four beagle dogs and six healthy volunteers. The beagle dogs and the volunteers received the drug orally in a dose of 40 mg/kg of body weight and of 100 mg single dose respectively. Flumecinol was extracted from plasma with diethyl ether and analysed by gas-liquid chromatography using a flame ionisation detector (FID). The pharmacokinetic parameters of flumecinol were determined by computer evaluation of the plasma concentration-time curves. The peak plasma concentrations were found to be 5.3 and 2.1 hours in dogs and humans, respectively. Flumecinol is eliminated from the plasma of dogs and humans with half-lives of 38.95 and 17.16 hours, corresponding to a clearance of 53.2 litres/hour and 94.0 litres/hour, respectively. PMID- 7117301 TI - Schwartz-Jampel syndrome with autosomal-dominant inheritance. AB - A 4-year follow-up study of 2 brothers affected by Schwartz-Jampel syndrome is reported. The children, aged 16 and 7 years, respectively, showed the clinical and electromyographical signs of the disorder. Further investigation showed some typical facial features of the syndrome, percussion myotonia and abnormal EMG pattern characterized by continuous muscle activity at rest in 3 other members of the same family. On the basis of our data, we suggest that inheritance of the Schwartz-Jampel syndrome may not only be recessive, as reported by most authors, but also dominant, with a different clinical expression. PMID- 7117303 TI - Sparing of constructional abilities in severe dementia. A case report. PMID- 7117304 TI - Lateral cervical, C1-C2, puncture in cervical myelography. PMID- 7117302 TI - Canine hereditary ceroid lipofuscinosis. AB - Dogs with an inherited form of ceroid lipofuscinosis are ataxic, blind and demented. During the disease process, they undergo severe cerebrocerebellar atrophy with storage of autofluorescent, lipid peroxide-positive reacting substances whose ultrastructure resembles 'fingerprint' patterns of membranous lamellae. The retina and RPE also undergo pathologic changes. Most important is the inverse relationship between loss of RPE melanin and increased deposition of ceroid. These pathological events in brain and eye lead to altered EEG, ERG and VEP activity. This inbred strain of English setters fulfills essentially all the criteria as a model for the human disease and will prove useful in the future for therapeutic trials. PMID- 7117305 TI - Bleeding in syringobulbia. A fatal complication. PMID- 7117306 TI - The contrast media used for myelography. AB - A review of the contrast media used for myelography and radiculography is presented. Water-soluble, nonionic medium like metrizamide enables the examination of the entire CSF space. The relation of the diagnostic benefit to complications when using this contrast medium is favorable. Attention must be paid in using the correct myelographic technique and in controlling the possible severe adverse reactions which appear in 1.5% of the cases during 24 h after the examination. PMID- 7117307 TI - Present status of CT in the lumbar spine examination. AB - As the resolution and versatility of CT equipment have improved, the role of CT in the spine has expanded. The purpose of this paper is to review briefly the CT appearance of the normal lumbar root sheaths, the dural sac, and the intervertebral discs, and to illustrate the CT diagnosis of herniated nucleus pulposus, bulging annulus, and diastematomyelia. In herniated discs CT shows a focal protrusion of the disc margin, in a bulging annulus it shows a generalized extension of the disc margin beyond the vertebral body margins. In diastematomyelia CT shows two spinal cords always with dimensions less than that of the normal spinal cord. Replacement of myelography by CT in these conditions and others involving the lumbar spinal canal can be anticipated. PMID- 7117308 TI - Bromocriptine combined with levodopa in Parkinson's disease. AB - Bromocriptine (Parlodel) was given for 2 years to 17 parkinsonian patients showing inadequate response to treatment over a mean of 7 years with levodopa combined with a decarboxylase inhibitor. 11 of the patients had developed dyskinesia and 13 the on-off phenomenon during levodopa therapy. When the dose of bromocriptine reached 30 mg daily, after 4 weeks' treatment, a highly significant improvement (p less than 0.001) was observed in the following six variables: bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor, feeding, dressing and speech. These improvements have now been maintained for 2 years. The on-off phenomenon disappeared in 9 out of 13 patients. Side effects were mild and transient. Involuntary movements existing prior to bromocriptine administration were improved by reducing the dose of levodopa. The mean daily dose--after progressive and individual adjustment- was 46 mg bromocriptine combined with 435 mg levodopa plus decarboxylase inhibitor. PMID- 7117309 TI - Neurotransmitters in the treatment of patients with severe head injuries. AB - Results of treatment with L-dopa and/or physostigmine of patients with severe head injuries were examined and discussed. This treatment given to patients still unconscious a long period after trauma resulted in clinical improvement in 29 of the 45 trials (64%). Results were poor in patients with a low motor score and no paradoxical response on the caloric oculogram. In nearly all patients motor activity increased, but did not always result in clinical improvement. The results were explained by the presence of functional, reversible dysfunctions present in the majority of patients in the course of recovery. PMID- 7117310 TI - Computer tomography in children with stroke. AB - 31 children aged between 6 weeks and 15 years, who had suffered a stroke, were investigated by computer tomography (CT). 8 patients had suffered transient ischemic attacks (TIA), 17 had completed ischemic strokes and 6 had hemorrhagic strokes. The mean interval between the stroke and the first CT investigation was 5 days. In the group of 8 patients with transient ischemic attacks, 1 patient had a small infarct, 1 had atrophy and 2 exhibited A-V malformations. In the group of 17 patients with completed ischemic strokes, 14 showed an infarct, 5 had atrophy and in 1 an angioma was found. All 6 hematomas were detected by CT. In follow-up studies, 11 of 17 patients with ischemic stroke showed atrophy. PMID- 7117311 TI - Epsilon-aminocaproic acid myopathy. Report of a case and literature review. AB - A case of acute necrotic myopathy due to epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) is described and compared with similar cases in the literature. This myopathy has only been noted after prolonged administration of the drug. The pathogenesis of this necrotic myopathy remains unclear, but our finds did not support a muscular vasculitis or an autoimmune reaction. Systematic preventive measures in patients with prolonged EACA therapy are proposed. PMID- 7117312 TI - A tapetoretinal degeneration with symmetrical calcifications of the basal ganglia. A hereditary disease. AB - Tapetoretinal degeneration in 3 members of a family is documented with fundus photographs and fluorescein angiograms. Computer tomograms showed intracranial symmetrical calcifications of the central nervous system in 2 patients. Laboratory examinations also indicated a disturbance in calcium metabolism. An autosomal dominant mode of inheritance is probably present. PMID- 7117313 TI - Brachial plexopathy in patients with breast cancer: unusual electromyographic findings in two patients. AB - 2 patients with breast cancer developed progressive brachial plexopathy. The unusual electrographic finding in both patients was conduction block (neuropraxia) along the medial cord of the brachial plexus. The plexus was explored in 1 patient. Constrictive connective tissue or another source of nerve entrapment was not identified. The exact cause of the conduction block remains unclear; its presence neither indicates a good prognosis nor an indication for surgical exploration. PMID- 7117314 TI - Blink reflexes elicited by electrical, acoustic and visual stimuli. II. Their relation to visual-evoked potentials and auditory brain stem evoked potentials in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. AB - Blink reflexes, elicited by flashes of light, tone bursts and electrical stimuli, as well as checkerboard reversal visual-evoked potentials and brain stem auditory evoked potentials were investigated in 55 patients with different degrees of diagnostic probability of multiple sclerosis. It is demonstrated that electrically and acoustically elicited blink reflexes are simple but rather sensitive methods of indicating brain stem lesions. They should be used complementarily with brain stem auditory potentials. Flash-elicited blink reflexes, although sensitive, are thought to be of minor importance, since they give only restricted localizing information. PMID- 7117315 TI - Palpatory apraxia. AB - A case of 'palpatory' apraxia is reported. The apraxia was characterized by clumsiness of the left hand in the manipulation of objects with preservation of power and finger motility in visual imitation. From the analysis of the patient's behavior and associated sensory findings, a defect of a higher-order sensory system was speculated as a basis of clumsiness. PMID- 7117316 TI - Respiratory disease in patients with epilepsy on single-drug therapy with carbamazepine or phenobarbital. AB - IgA, IgG and IgM concentrations were determined in sera and nasal washings from 20 patients with epilepsy on single-drug treatment with carbamazepine, in 20 patients on single-drug treatment with phenobarbital and in 26 healthy subjects. There were no significant differences in immunoglobulin concentrations between the groups of patients and the controls. Symptoms of respiratory tract disease were recorded daily during 6 months both in patients and in controls. The mean number of days with symptoms from the respiratory tract was 38.5, 36.6 and 27.9 in the patients on carbamazepine, phenobarbital and the controls, respectively. The differences were not statistically significant. The individuals with the lowest immunoglobulin concentrations did not have more frequent symptoms of respiratory disease than those with higher immunoglobulin concentrations. PMID- 7117317 TI - Prosopagnosia. Report of four cases. AB - 4 patients with prosopagnosia are described. They presented associated neuropsychological deficits (achromatopsia, topographical disorientation) and visual field defects. In 1 case, gross pathological examination revealed bilateral symmetrical infero-medial occipito-temporal infarcts. In 2 other cases, computer tomography (CT) demonstrated bilateral inferior temporo-occipital infarction. In 1 case CT showed only occipital infarctions in the occipital lobes. This brings to 16 the number of anatomically studied cases of prosopagnosia (8 by necropsy, 8 by CT). In contrast to clinical localization, which often indicates only a right cerebral lesion, all anatomically verified cases of prosopagnosia exhibit bilateral lesions in the posterior cerebral artery distribution. PMID- 7117318 TI - Gastrin levels in patients with migraine and cluster headache. AB - Idiopathic headaches (migraine, cluster headache) are very often accompanied by alimentary canal disturbances. In view of a suspected relation of gastrin to these symptoms the author decided to test its level in connection with these diseases. It was found that the level of gastrin in 23 women with migraine and 23 men with cluster headache was significantly lower in comparison with the control group of 26 healthy volunteers. The author discusses the possible reasons for such results obtained in patients with idiopathic headaches. PMID- 7117319 TI - Is the EEG cyclic alternating pattern a true autonomous entity? Analytic study in a case of post-traumatic coma with good prognosis. AB - The cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) characterizes stage-II coma according to Fischgold and Mathis. Its evolution and prognostic value are still uncertain. An analytic investigation of CAP and its components (phase A of greater arousal and phase B of lesser arousal) was conducted on a patient with post-traumatic coma who completely recovered. The relationships between this type of pattern and the stages of physiologic sleep were investigated during four prolonged night recordings taken at regular intervals. The evolution of CAP in post-traumatic coma is compared with the development of CAP observed in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. The hypothesis is suggested that CAP may be related to other cyclic phenomena, especially the Lundberg B-type CSF pressure waves. According to this assumption, in a coma with CAP, mechanisms for the organization of arousal, which are not known but persist up to the threshold of death, could still be acting. In sleep these same mechanisms are supposed to be integrated with others, more sophisticated and less resistant to pathogenic injuries. PMID- 7117320 TI - Neurophysiological findings and serum aluminium in dialysis encephalopathy. AB - 64 patients on hemodialysis were investigated. The mean duration of dialysis was 43 months. In all the patients, serum aluminium levels, systolic blood pressure (averaged over a period of 6 weeks) and the EEG were investigated. Psychological testing to assess the level of intelligence (IQ) was also performed. The serum aluminium levels have been assayed by flameless atomic absorption (Perkin-Elmer atomic absorption spectrophotometer model 420). In 6 patients, the diagnosis of dementia was made on the basis of psychological testing and clinical observations. The demented patients showed significantly (p less than 0.01) higher aluminium levels (mean 409 microgram/l, SD 235) than the 58 non-demented patients (mean 189 microgram/l, SD 152), whereas the age of the patients, duration of dialysis and blood pressure were the same in both groups. The EEG was abnormal in all 6 demented patients. Only in 23 of the 58 non-demented patients was the EEG pathological (p less than 0.05). A significant correlation was found between serum aluminium levels and the EEG data with regard to bilateral slow waves, focal slow waves and epileptic potentials (p less than 0.05). The EEG, age of the patients, duration of dialysis and blood pressure showed no correlation. Electromyography, nerve conduction velocity and latency showed no correlation with aluminium levels or dementia. It can be concluded from our findings that in dialyzed patients there is a correlation between serum aluminium levels and the appearance of dementia and EEG changes. PMID- 7117321 TI - Multifocal neuropathy and vocal cord paralysis in relapsing fever. AB - A 19-year-old soldier developed multifocal neuropathy following an infection with tick-borne Borrelia. He suffered from involvement of the right accessory nerve, the right brachial plexus and the left recurrent laryngeal nerve. As was expected, all these complications were reversible. In contrast to louse-borne relapsing fever, neurological manifestations in the tick-borne variants are not common. To the best of our knowledge, vocal cord paralysis has never been described before. PMID- 7117322 TI - Congenital plexiform neurofibroma of the scalp. PMID- 7117323 TI - Spinal epidural abscesses. Surgical and parasurgical management. AB - 42 cases of spinal epidural abscesses were operated on in the years 1957-1980, among approximately 8,000 spinal operations. Staphylococcus aureus was the microorganism most commonly isolated from infected material and the primary source of infection was in most cases cutaneous and/or subcutaneous lesions. Typical clinical history included back pain and fever, with progressive nerve root and spinal cord involvement. The cases were divided into three groups according to the operative findings: (a) acute abscesses; (b) chronic abscesses, and (c) mixed or subacute abscesses. These three groups differed as to duration of illness, incidence of meningeal signs, white blood cell concentration and lumbar puncture results. Plain X-rays were positive in 20% of cases. Myelography, whose indications were maximally restricted, gave in some instances inaccurate results. Treatment consisted of extensive laminectomy of all the affected spinal segments, and drainage of infected material. Local and systemic appropriate antibiotic therapy was also given. An average of 16 daily sessions of barotherapy, consisting of 1.7-2.0 atm given in 40-60 min, were administered in the last 9 cases. When compared with the patients to which barotherapy was not given, these cases showed a lower rate of permanent disability (11 vs. 21%), even if they were managed under less favorable clinical and neurological conditions. These results seem to support a favorable role of hyperbaric treatment in the management of spinal epidural abscesses. Early diagnosis and appropriate management remain essential in order to have satisfactory treatment results. PMID- 7117324 TI - Surgically induced acute hepatic failure in the rat. AB - Several surgical procedures were tested in the rat in order to create a spontaneously lethal but potentially reversible acute hepatic failure. Two combined surgical procedures fulfill these conditions: '75% hepatectomy' plus portacaval shunt and '85% hepatectomy' plus 30-min clamping of the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries. These two procedures should constitute useful tools for the evaluation of new methods of hepatic support. PMID- 7117325 TI - Liver atrophy and encephalopathy after portacaval shunt in the rat. AB - The effect of various types of portal diversion (portacaval, mesocaval and pancreatico-splenocaval anastomoses, portacaval transposition and arterialization) on liver atrophy and post-shunt encephalopathy was studied in the rat. Among all diversions, only portacaval anastomosis produced dramatic liver atrophy and encephalopathy. Moreover, portacaval anastomosis was also the only portal diversion which induced low body weight gain. There was no correlation between blood ammonia levels and encephalopathy. Liver atrophy was always correlated to a decrease of hepatic blood flow. Diminution of liver blood flow was only slight following partial (either mesenteric or pancreatico-splenic) diversion of portal blood and nil after portacaval transposition or anastomosis. These results suggest that: (1) pancreatic (insulin-rich) blood is not essential for maintenance of liver trophicity. Hemodynamic factors seem to be predominant in the pathogenesis of post-shunt liver atrophy. (2) Post-shunt encephalopathy arises only when total diversion of the portal blood and liver atrophy are associated. PMID- 7117326 TI - Correlation of pancreatic blood flow and high-energy phosphates during experimental pancreatitis. AB - A dog model was used to measure the hemodynamic changes occurring during acute pancreatitis induced by intraductal injection of fresh trypsin-bile-blood mixture. Pancreatic blood flow was measured with 15-micrometer radioactive microspheres. Measurements of pancreatic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and creatine phosphate (CP) were made under normal conditions and during acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis. Basal ATP and CP concentrations were 5.82 +/- 0.25 and 5.30 +/- 0.31 mmol/g wet tissue, respectively. Hemorrhagic pancreatitis was characterized by a severe reduction in pancreatic blood flow, followed by a 45% fall of ATP and a 70% lowering of CP. These results suggest that inadequate pancreatic tissue perfusion during acute pancreatitis results in a marked depletion of high-energy phosphate stores. We suspect this energy depletion reflects the progression of the disease from edematous to hemorrhagic pancreatitis and causes irreversible damage of pancreatic tissue. PMID- 7117327 TI - Mucosal blood flow and modified vascular responses to norepinephrine in the stomach of rats with liver cirrhosis. AB - To observe changes in hemodynamics and vascular responses to norepinephrine in cases of liver cirrhosis, male WKA rats were given CCl4 subcutaneously. The portal venous pressure of these so-induced cirrhotic rats was significantly higher than that of the controls. There was an increase of mucosal blood flow and a lowering of peripheral vascular resistance of the stomach. After norepinephrine infusion, the gastric mucosal blood flow increased significantly in cirrhotic rats, whereas there was no significant change in controls. The aorta and the portal vein showed no difference in the vascular response to either norepinephrine or [K+].0. These results suggest that in cirrhotic rats there is an increase in blood flow and a lowering of peripheral vascular resistance in the gastric mucosa and that these hemodynamic changes may be derived from alteration in the vascular response to norepinephrine in gastric microcirculation. PMID- 7117328 TI - Gastric acid secretion and fasting serum gastrin in patients with duodenal ulcer, prepyloric ulcer or gastric ulcer. AB - In order to evaluate whether prepyloric ulcer (PPU) could be classified as an intermediate ulcer type between duodenal ulcer (DU) and gastric ulcer (GU), fasting serum gastrin as well as basal and pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion were studied. The fasting serum gastrin values in the three groups were not significantly different. Patients with PPU and DU showed a higher basal acid output compared to GU patients. The basal acid output in DU patients increased in the last two periods before stimulation, and in the last basal period it was significantly higher compared to PPU patients. Patients with GU showed the lowest basal and stimulated acid output. However, the higher stimulated acid output in DU patients was insignificantly different from that of PPU patients. The results indicate that basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion values in PPU patients are closer to those of DU patients than of GU patients. Furthermore, it is concluded that PPU is a homogeneous ulcer type without secretory overlap with the GU group. PMID- 7117329 TI - Metabolism in the hypothermically perfused kidney: utilization of mevalonate in the human and in the dog kidney. AB - The metabolism of mevalonate was studied in 6 dog kidneys and in 5 human tumour involved kidneys during 6 days of hypothermic perfusion. 14C-mevalonate in the perfusate decreased and was incorporated into the total lipid fraction of the cortex in both human and dog kidneys. 80% of the incorporated radioactivity was found in the non-saponifiable lipids and after separation of that lipid fraction the radioactivity was recovered in cholesterol as well as in the cholesterol precursors lanosterol and squalene. Only very low levels of radioactivity were recovered in the tumour lipids. It is concluded that the kidney utilizes mevalonate for cholesterol synthesis during hypothermic perfusion and that addition of mevalonate may be of importance for preserving the membrane stability. Furthermore, it is suggested that hypothermic perfusion has a more deteriorating effect on the viability of the tumour tissue when compared to normal renal parenchyma. PMID- 7117330 TI - Lung thermal volume as an indicator of pulmonary extravascular water. AB - Double-indicator dilution methods can be used for measurement of lung water. The thermal conductivity method is based on heat as a diffusible and conductivity as a non-diffusible indicator. In the present study we correlated lung thermal volume with gravimetrical measurement of extravascular lung water after thrombin induced microembolization in dog lungs. The embolization was accompanied by significantly increased vascular permeability and accumulation of interstitial water. Under these conditions there was a close correlation between the two methods of measuring lung water (r = 0.78, p less than 0.01). PMID- 7117331 TI - Pulmonary insufficiency in the rat after intravascular coagulation and inhibition of fibrinolysis. II. Investigations on oedema formation and morphology. AB - Solute and fluid compartments in the lungs were investigated following thrombin induced intravascular coagulation in rats treated with the fibrinolysis inhibitor, Trans-4-(amino-methyl) cyclohexanecarboxalic acid. The lung weight was increased to almost three times normal due to accumulation of extravascular water with albumin and chloride concentrations similar to those in plasma. The blood content and dry weight were doubled. Microscopic sections were characterized by widespread fibrin-rich microemboli, thickened alveolar walls, distension of peribronchiolar and perivascular spaces with fluid, dilated lymph vessels and protein-rich alveolar oedema. An increased microvascular permeability to protein explains the findings. When the dose of thrombin was decreased to a point where no pulmonary oedema developed, supplementary infusion of low molecular weight fibrinogen degradation products induced oedema formation as verified microscopically. PMID- 7117333 TI - Peritoneal dialysis reduces intraperitoneal adhesion formation. An experimental study in rats. PMID- 7117332 TI - Modified perfusion and loading technique of the isolated canine heart. AB - The technique of donor perfusion of the isolated canine heart is described. It is carried out with the aid of a specially developed system providing both retrograde resuscitational coronary perfusion of the heart which sustained ischemia and perfusion with functional volume-systolic loadings of the left ventricle of the working heart under nearly physiologic conditions. This technique was used in the first group of experiments (control) to study the performance of the heart which did not sustain ischemia, and in two groups of experiments with cardioplegia. In the experiments of group II the corrected autologous blood which served as perfusate had the following composition: Hb 8.3 g%; K+ 2.4 mEq/l; pH 7.7; osmolarity 307 mosm/l; pO2 250-450 mm Hg; temperature 13-15 degree C. The hearts were preserved for 2 h following single-dose perfusion . In the experiments of group III the corrected autologous blood had the following composition: Hb 8 g%; K+ 20-25 mEq/l; pH 7.7; osmolarity 320 mosm/l; pO2 300-500 mm Hg; temperature 13-15 degrees C. Coronary perfusion was carried out every 20 min during the 2-hour preservation period. The studies of coronary hemodynamics and cardiac function using the developed system showed practically identical results in groups I and III. In group II deep depression of myocardial function due to ischemic injury was found. The presented data on a comparative assessment of cardiac function in three groups of experiments demonstrate the high value of the developed technique of perfusion and functional loading of the myocardium. PMID- 7117334 TI - A method of exocrine pancreatectomy in the rat. AB - The abdominal cavity of male albino rats, average weight 250 g, was opened and the duodenum approached where the ductus choledochus joins. Pancreatic ducts empty into the lower third of the choledochus. The ductus choledochus was cannulated with a Teflon catheter beneath the liver and its other end was brought out at the neck of the rat. Tissue glue was introduced into the lower part of the choledochus towards the liver. Another Teflon catheter was introduced into the duodenum, its second end brought out at the neck and connected with the first catheter by means of a metal tube, thus preserving bile flow from the liver to the duodenum. Tissue glue injection results in complete atrophy of the exocrine pancreas within 2-15 days. The islets of Langerhans remained intact. PMID- 7117336 TI - Acute portal hypertension after gastric administration of ethanol in the pig. AB - A single gastric administration of 15 ml/kg of 40% ethanol to anesthetized pigs resulted in an increased portal venous blood pressure which increased with increasing blood alcohol levels. For the first 2 h there was no significant alteration in liver blood flow, but 3 h after the administration of ethanol, when portal blood pressure reached its highest values, liver blood flow had decreased. This was probably caused by increased hepatic vascular resistance as shown in electron thin-section phase-contrast microscopy which at this time showed marked hepatocyte swelling, narrowing of the sinusoids and platelet aggregates in small portal branches. PMID- 7117335 TI - Altered portal pressure secondary to portacaval and portasystemic shunts in the rat: the effect on liver function and intestinal integrity. AB - Two types of portasystemic shunts were investigated in the rat; low pressure shunts (portacaval shunt, PCS, and portacaval transposition, PCT) and a high pressure shunts (Portasystemic shunt by ligation of the portal vein after splenic transposition, PSSL). liver atrophy was seen in all groups but PCT. Simplification of intestinal villi was observed in all groups and related to the degree of portal pressure alteration. Liver function and clinical status improved if some blood, either systemic or splanchnic, perfused the liver through surgical deviation (PCT) or accidental collateral formation (PSSL + C). In the prevention of the PCS syndromes selective portacaval shunting is advocated, leaving some blood to flow to the liver. A high as possible splanchnic pressure prevents intestinal villi simplification and loss of resorptional surface. PMID- 7117337 TI - Cryoimmunotherapy: a conference report. AB - Cryosurgery (in situ freezing) had been efficaciously employed for the treatment of malignant neoplasms. In situ freezing of a number of tissue has been demonstrated to constitute an antigenic stimulus (comparable to that obtained through the parenteral administration of antigen) capable of generating a specific immunologic response against autologous antigens of the frozen tissue, ergo, cryostimulation, However, if cryosurgery is to be employed not only for ablation of tumor, but also as a possible means of engendering an immunologic response to tumor (primary, as well as secondary, i.e., metastases), ergo, cryoimmunotherapy, several factors must be given careful consideration. It is with the further elucidation of these factors and the continuing endeavor to establish criteria for evaluating the candidacy of the cancer patient for cryoimmunotherapy and their postoperative responsiveness that have been reviewed, assessed and updated. PMID- 7117339 TI - Constant pressure flow-controlled antegrade pyelography. AB - Flow-controlled antegrade pyelography is performed by perfusion of contrast dye after transcutaneous puncture of the renal cavities. The procedure enables excellent visualization in cases of upper tract dilatation, when the result of high-dosis excretory urography is not satisfactory. Flow-controlled antegrade pyelography under constant pressure provides urodynamic support to pyelography because the flow rate is known during the procedure, facilitating the interpretation of the relation dilatation and flow in cases of upper tract equivocal obstruction. Perfusion under constant pressure enables the recognition of the resistance to flow of the pyeloureteral tract in a simple manner. PMID- 7117338 TI - Kidney damage in recurrent renal lithiasis. A survey of 175 cases with clinicopathological observations. AB - We evaluated the degree of kidney damage in 175 patients treated by nephrectomy for recurrent renal stones. Renal histopathological lesions of the removed kidneys were graded and correlated to clinical and operative findings. Nonexcreting kidneys on intravenous pyelography or small atrophic kidneys with poor contrast excretion showing advanced hydronephrosis and pyelonephritic scarring intraoperatively corresponding to kidneys with advanced parenchymatous destruction histopathologically. In 91% of the cases severe renal damage was correctly predicted, and a decision to remove the affected kidney was justified. PMID- 7117340 TI - Functional evaluation of bladder neck disease. AB - 22 patients diagnosed as having bladder neck disease were evaluated retrospectively point of view. Urodynamic study including intravesical pressure, rectal pressure, intrinsic detrusor pressure and urine flow was performed in every case. A relation was established between the findings and the definite etiology. Two urodynamic patterns were found, one with high pressures and low voiding flow, and one with low pressures and low voiding flow. Functional differences were not found between the two etiological groups, i.e. fibrotic and idiopathic. PMID- 7117341 TI - Spermiometrics: objective and reproducible methods for evaluating sperm morphology. AB - An approach was made to replace the subjective evaluation of human sperm morphology by an objective method applicable in routine laboratories. 20 patients out of infertile marriages (G2 and G3) were compared with 10 normal, fertile men (G1). Two different methods were used. Highly developed instruments and techniques were used in method 1, and cheap and simple ones, designed for routine laboratories, in method 2. Head area, circumference, length, and maximal midpiece width of 100 spermatozoa/subject were determined by a semi-automatic image analysis system. Head variation and average midpiece width were clearly bigger in G2 and G3 than in G1. As a result, formulae were developed, determining the pathological alteration of sperm head and midpiece for the individual semen. In addition, an objective classification into different sperm types was elaborated. Using the developed formulae, results of methods 1 and 2 are well in agreement. Thus, method 2 is recommended for routine laboratories, allowing an objective and reproducible morphology determination within 30 min. PMID- 7117343 TI - Pyelorenal backflow during retrograde pyelography in normal and ischemic porcine kidneys. A radiologic and pathoanatomic study. AB - Retrograde pyelography was performed in 14 kidneys of anesthetized baby pigs to study the phenomenon of pyelorenal backflow. In this model, a constant retrograde perfusion rate of 10 ml/min was used which resulted in a progressive increase in pelvic pressure. The experiments were done on normal and ischemic kidneys. Pyelosinous backflow developed in twelve kidneys at an average intrapelvic pressure of 197 mm Hg and was independent of renal ischemia. Intrarenal backflow was observed only in kidneys which had been ischemic for 60 min and after 2 h of hypotension, or in postmortem kidneys. Intrarenal backflow in one or two papillae occurred at an intrapelvic pressure of 125 mm Hg. At higher intrapelvic pressures there was more intense and widespread intrarenal backflow. Histologic examination revealed tears in the calyceal fornix in cases with pyelosinous backflow. If intrarenal backflow was present there was parenchymal necrosis, interstitial Ferritin (added to the contrast material) in the papilla and in the corticomedullary junction, and tears leading from the pelvic cavity into the renal parenchyma. PMID- 7117342 TI - Intravesical single and combination therapy in superficial bladder cancer. An experimental study. AB - In this animal experiment it was investigated if intravesical combination therapy is superior to single drug therapy to reduce the growth of N-butyl-N(4 hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine (BBN)-induced bladder carcinomas in the rat. The evaluation of the histological data gave the following results: intravesical instillation of cytostatic drugs in concentrations similar to that used in man reduce the growth of BBN-induced tumors. The effectiveness of mitomycin C or adriamycin alone is similar to that of alternative administration of mitomycin C and adriamycin. PMID- 7117344 TI - Doppler and real-time ultrasound in renal stone surgery. AB - In stone surgery the operative approach aims not only at complete removal of stones, but also at minimizing damage to the intrarenal arteries and parenchyma. In complicated staghorn or calyceal stones, our concept is to remove as many stones as possible through an extended pyelocalicotomy and the residual calyceal stones via minimal radial nephrotomies. To accomplish an atraumatic nephrotomy, the shortest transparenchymal route should be chosen, and damage to the intrarenal arteries must be avoided. Doppler sonography for intraoperative localization of the intrarenal arteries and combined B-scan sonography for intraoperative localization of stones allow an avascular, atraumatic nephrotomy, in which clamping of the renal artery and cooling are no longer necessary. In 35 operations with a total of 109 radial nephrotomies, clamping of the renal artery was required in only 2 cases. By comparing the preoperative and 6-week postoperative functional results, split 131I-hippuran clearance demonstrated only 7% loss of function of the operated kidneys. PMID- 7117345 TI - Percutaneous kidney stone removal. AB - Percutaneous nephrostomy has proved to be a reliable method to establish access to the collecting system of the kidney. Without adding any significant morbidity, this access can be used for the removal of kidney stones by simple extraction, chemolysis or ultrasound lithotripsy. A nephrostomy channel of the required size is rapidly and atraumatically established with a telescope dilation set. A set of instruments especially developed for intrarenal instrumentation is necessary to guarantee a low residual stone rate. With the use of intrarenal ultrasound disintegration the technique is successful regardless of stone composition and size. PMID- 7117346 TI - Median raphe cysts and canal of the penis. PMID- 7117347 TI - Recurrent cyst of the Mullerian duct. PMID- 7117348 TI - Pure calcium carbonate urolithiasis in a human. PMID- 7117349 TI - The use of long-acting propranolol ('Inderal' LA) in the management of elderly hypertensive patients. AB - Fifteen elderly patients whose hypertension was controlled by conventional propranolol 80 mg twice a day had their medication changed to one capsule of 'Inderal' LA (160 mg) daily. The blood pressure, heart rate and propranolol concentrations were measured at various time points when the patients were receiving the conventional preparation and these assessments were repeated when the long-acting preparation was administered. Although the heart rate was lower with conventional propranolol than with 'Inderal' LA there was no significant difference in the blood pressure levels. The mean peak blood level of propranolol was, however, significantly lower with 'Inderal' LA compared with conventional propranolol and occurred later. At 12 h the plasma propranolol levels were higher after 'Inderal' LA then following the intake of conventional propranolol (p less than 0.01); there was no difference in the plasma levels at 24 h. The area under the concentration time curve was significantly higher on conventional propranolol. Compared with published data, the plasma levels were higher than those in younger patients. 'Inderal' LA was well tolerated and side effects were minimal. PMID- 7117350 TI - The influence of theophylline on maximal response to salbutamol in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - We have previously shown that inhaled salbutamol further increases the bronchodilator response after the maximum effect of theophylline has been obtained in patients with severe chronic bronchitis. We now report the results of adding maximally effective doses of theophylline to the maximum response obtainable from salbutamol in ten of these patients. We constructed dose response curves to ensure maximum possible effect from salbutamol. Response plateaus (in nine out of ten patients) were achieved with cumulative doses of between 200 micrograms and 3,000 micrograms salbutamol and there was a significant response (p less than 0.05) in every subject: the mean FVC response was 1.11 (ranging from 0.5 to 1.81) and the mean FEV1 response was 0.41 (ranging from 0.1 to 0.81). Theophylline, in their previously determined maximally effective doses, produced statistically significant (p less than 0.05) small further increases in both FVC (0.2 to 0.61) and FEV (0.1 to 0.61) in four patients only. The other six did not respond. In patients classified as chronic bronchitics there is clearly a wide variation in response to bronchodilators and a surprising degree of reversibility can be achieved. But because of this variation in response, conventional drug doses may be too small in some cases. Ideally, each bronchodilator should be prescribed after some form of individual dose response studies. Although this acute study shows little or no benefit in the height of the bronchodilator response the usefulness of this combination can only really be decided after similar studies including the duration of effect in long term administration. PMID- 7117351 TI - Placental transfer of clenbuterol early in human pregnancy. AB - After administration of clenbuterol 80 microgram p.o., a beta-adrenoceptor agonist, the concentrations of (14C-labelled) clenbuterol in fetus, placenta and maternal plasma in 9 patients at 9-12 weeks gestation were measured during therapeutic abortion. The time interval between the administration and abortion ranged from 120 to 280 min. The mean concentrations of clenbuterol in maternal plasma, fetus and placenta were 0.37 (range 0.22-0.56), 0.32 (0.14-0.48) and 0.91 (0.12-1.73) ng equivalents per ml or per gram of tissue wet weight. The mean concentration ratio of clenbuterol between fetus and maternal plasma was 0.84 (6 cases); it did not vary with time. The concentration of clenbuterol in three amniotic fluid samples ranged from 0.06 to 0.16 ng/ml (mean 0.11). Maternal plasma concentrations showed wide variability of the pharmacokinetic phase at the time of abortion. The studies indicate that clenbuterol crosses the placenta early in human pregnancy and that it accumulates in the placenta. PMID- 7117352 TI - Effects of chlorpromazine and other drugs acting on the central nervous system on human sperm motility. AB - The in vitro effects of chlorpromazine, diazepam, phenytoin and phenobarbitone on human sperm motility were investigated. Only chlorpromazine inhibits human sperm motility and the concentration which decreases sperm motility to 50% of control is 0.22 mM. Caffeine can shift the dose-response curve of chlorpromazine inhibited sperm motility to right. We support the hypothesis that chlorpromazine acts on the cellular membrane but consider the inhibition of sperm motility an unlikely cause of decreased fertility in chlorpromazine treated patients. PMID- 7117353 TI - Pharmacokinetics of theophylline in patients following short-term intravenous infusion. AB - Serum theophylline concentrations after intravenous administration of a new short term infusion (Euphyllin Kurzzeitinfusion) were measured in 50 out-patients with chronic obstructive airways disease (COAD). An intravenous infusion of theophylline ethylenediamine 480 mg (corresponding to approximately 350 mg anhydrous theophylline) in 50 ml isotonic solution was given in 20 min. Blood samples were taken beforehand and 25 to 30 min and 1, 3 and 6 h after starting the infusion. 86% of the patients had a one-hour serum level in he therapeutic range of 8.20 mg/l, and 2 h later, this was true of 64% of the patients. The short-term infusion was well tolerated, even in cases with unknown high pre infusion serum levels. Pertinent pharmacokinetic parameters were determined, such as total body clearance, apparent volume of distribution, and half-life of elimination. Geometric mean an 95%-confidence limits, derived from the log-normal distribution of these parameters, were: Cl = 0.044 (0.018-0.190) l/h/kg ideal body weight, Vd = 0.451 (0.258-0.789) l/kg ideal body weight, and t 1/2(el) = 7.1 (2.6-19.1) h. PMID- 7117354 TI - Metabolism of pindolol in patients with renal failure. AB - Increased metabolism of pindolol in renal impairment has previously been suggested by pharmacokinetic calculations. The present study was a pharmacokinetic and metabolic investigation in 7 patients with severe renal impairment (endogeneous creatinine clearance below 5 ml/min). All the patients received pindolol 5 mg t.d.s. 5 days. On the sixth day, after an overnight fast, 14C-pindolol 5 mg was given orally as a solution to drink. Blood samples were taken for up to 72 h and urine was collected at intervals up to 96 h for measurement of unchanged pindolol by a fluorimetric method and total radioactivity by liquid scintillation counting. Metabolites in blood and urine were analysed after separation by HPLC. It was found that the plasma levels following a single dose of 14C-pindolol were similar to those observed in healthy volunteers, but the elimination half-life was slightly increased u tp 11.5 h. The observed steady state plasma concentrations of pindolol were twice as high but they are still in the therapeutic range of 10 to 100 ng/ml. Therefore, the dose of pindolol could have been reduced by a factor 2, but the reduction was not essential. No active metabolite of pindolol was found in plasma or urine, but elimination of the metabolites was decreased. The elimination half-life following multiple doses was prolonged compared to normal and it was quite comparable to that found fort pharmacodynamic half-life in renal patients. The discrepancy between the present findings and the previous results for metabolism and pharmacodynamic half-life was probably due to the sensitivity of the fluorimetric assay of pindolol. PMID- 7117355 TI - The metabolic disposition of flucloxacillin in patients with impaired kidney function. AB - The fate of flucloxacillin and its active metabolite hydroxyflucloxacillin was studied in a group of patients with impaired kidney function. Flucloxacillin was administered orally or intravenously. Peak levels of hydroxyflucloxacillin were obtained between 150 and 250 min after the administration of flucloxacillin. The plasma concentrations obtained after a therapeutic dose of flucloxacillin were well above the concentration (i.e. 1-2 microgram/ml) generally considered to be the effective minimum for isoxalyl penicillins. The plasma half life of the metabolite was twice as long as that of flucloxacillin (295 min and 154 min, respectively). The nonprotein-bound fraction of hydroxyflucloxacillin in plasma from patients was twice as large as that of its parent compound (16.2 vs. 8.1%). This was also observed in normal human plasma, although protein binding in the latter was higher than in uraemic plasma. Some accumulation of hydroxyflucloxacillin may occur during flucloxacillin therapy with dosage intervals of 6 h. PMID- 7117356 TI - Elimination of azlocillin in patients with biliary t-tube drainage. AB - The pharmacokinetic of azlocillin was followed in five elderly patients after biliary surgery. Total clearance was 138.6 +/- 17.7 ml/min when 2.0 g was given as an i.v. bolus injection. The half-life of the beta-phase averaged 110 min. The total clearance and the half-life of azlocillin were influenced by slight impairment of renal function (creatinine clearance 59.4 +/- 13.6 ml/min). In patients with normal liver function biliary excretion of the drug amounted to 5.3 +/- 2.8% of the dose (n = 3) and the kinetics of biliary excretion were linear. In contrast, in two patients with impaired liver function biliary excretion was 0.2% and 0.5% of the dose, and kinetic analysis of biliary excretion rates revealed at least one zero order step in the excretion process. Renal excretion of the drug amounted to 45.0 +/- 17.7% of the dose, which means that 50% of the total clearance of azlocillin has to be accounted for by metabolic clearance. PMID- 7117357 TI - Hepatic blood flow and drug metabolism in patients on enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants. AB - Liver blood flow and indices of hepatic drug metabolism (antipyrine elimination rate and cytochrome P-450 concentration in liver biopsy specimens) were studied in 19 epileptics on long-term anticonvulsant treatment, and in 18 controls. The size of the liver and the total estimated liver blood flow were greater inthe epileptics than in the controls, whereas the relative liver blood flow (per unit weight of the liver) was not significantly different. The epileptics had higher cytochrome P-450 levels and they eliminated antipyrine faster than the controls. It was concluded that long-term ingestion of enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants is associated with an increase in the total hepatic blood flow in parallel with the increase in liver size, and not as an independent phenomenon. Since the relative perfusion rate of the hepatocytes was unchanged, the enhanced activity of drug metabolizing enzymes is presumed to be mainly responsible for the increased drug clearance observed in epileptic subjects. PMID- 7117358 TI - Differences between the concentrations of antiepileptic drugs in normal and pathological human brain. AB - The concentrations of antiepileptic drugs in histologically normal and pathological brain tissues were investigated in 6 patients submitted to surgery. No significant difference for phenobarbital and phenytoin was found between normal and scar tissue, whereas there was a trend to concentration in tumour tissue (meningioma and glioma) of phenobarbital, phenytoin and carbamazepine. Alteration in the vascular supply and pathological changes at cellular and subcellular levels could be responsible for the differences in the distribution of the drugs. The possible clinical relevance of the preferential concentration of the drugs in tumour tissue is discussed. PMID- 7117361 TI - Target-effector interactions in the rat natural killer cell system. I. The measurement of cytotoxicity at the single cell level. PMID- 7117360 TI - Acute effect of prednisone and deflazacort on glucose tolerance in prediabetic subjects. AB - The diabetogenic effect of deflazacort (DF), an oxazolinic synthetic corticosteroid, was studied in 12 healthy adult subjects with a positive family history of diabetes mellitus. Three oral glucose tests (oGTT) were performed at 9.00 a.m., after a 12 h fast, following randomized administration of Placebo (PL), or Deflazacort (DF 36 +36 mg) or Prednisone (PN 30 + 30 mg) 12 and 2 h before the test. Plasma glucose (BG), insulin (IRI), non-esterified fatty acids, (NEFA), total cholesterol (CL), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-CL) and triglycerides (TG) were measured at time 0, and BG, IRI, NEFA were again measured 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after oGTT. PN was followed by a significant increase in BG over the PL values in accordance with the prediabetic state of these subjects, and there was also an increase in IRI values. No change in CL, HDL-CL and TG was found. AFter DF administration, there was a small increase only in BG and IRI over PL values. The differences between DF- PL were not significant, but those between PL-PN and DF-PN were significant at p less than 0.05 (Scheffe's test). The lesser metabolic effect of DF on glucose balance by comparison with PN, as shown by these results, is consistent with previous reports of its lower osteopaenic effect. Thus, DF may be more suitable than PN and similar corticosteroids for corticosteroid therapy in prediabetic and diabetic subjects. PMID- 7117359 TI - Plasma protein binding of etidocaine during pregnancy and labour. AB - Preliminary studies of the ultrafiltration method for measuring the extent of plasma protein binding of etidocaine showed that etidocaine binding was both pH and concentration dependent. Etidocaine (1 microgram/ml) was found to bind avidly to a physiological concentration (74 mg/dl) of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (alpha 1 AGP) (7.23 +/- 0.64%, mean +/- SD, unbound). In vitro investigation of etidocaine binding in plasma obtained from blood bank donors and from 19 pregnant women prior to induction of labour, during early labour, mid-labour and delivery showed no difference in etidocaine binding (10.3 +/- 3.3%, 7.06 +/- 2.66%, 8.15 +/- 2.57%, 7.84 +/- 3.74% and 9.28 +/- 6.06% unbound respectively). There was a significant increase in the mean plasma total free fatty acid (FFA) concentration from pre-labour (0.535 +/- 0.240 mM) to delivery (0.948 +/- 0.28 mM), while plasma albumin and beta-lipoprotein concentrations remained constant. Alpha 1 Acid glycoprotein concentration tended to increase slightly from pre-labour to early labour (p less than 0.1) but was still within the normal physiological range. There was no correlation between etidocaine binding ratio and the concentrations of FFA or plasma proteins except for a poor correlation with the alpha 1-AGP concentration (r = 0.361, p less than 0.05). Storage of plasma and inadequate control of plasma pH during ultrafiltration appeared to give spurious binding values. These studies with the extensively bound basic drug etidocaine suggest that unlike many acidic drugs which are bound predominantly to serum albumin, the binding of alpha 1-AGP - bound basic drugs may be unaffected by pregnancy and labour. PMID- 7117362 TI - A comparison of two anti-neuraminidase monoclonal antibodies by complement activation. AB - The specificities of two anti-neuraminidase monoclonal antibodies have been compared by their ability to fix complement. They were found to differ to some extent in their reactivity with a range of N2 influenza virus. Thus, as in the case of anti-hemagglutinin antibodies, anti-neuraminidase monoclonal antibodies are able to detect subtle structural changes in the vital antigen. Although both monoclonal antibodies fixed complement with intact virus, neither one fixed complement when complexed with isolated neuraminidase "heads". PMID- 7117363 TI - Attenuation of normeperidine's suppressing effect on schedule-controlled behavior. AB - The purpose of the present study was to compare several central nervous system (CNS) depressant drugs in their ability to attenuate the suppressant effects of normeperidine on the responding of pigeons under a multiple fixed-ratio, fixed interval schedule of grain presentation. The effects of pentobarbital (3 and 10 mg/kg i.m.), diazepam (1-10 mg/kg p.o.), clonazepam (0.03-3 mg/kg p.o.), aminooxyacetic acid (1-10 mg/kg i.m.), baclofen (5 and 10 mg/kg i.m.) and ethanol (0.5-2 g/kg p.o.) were determined alone and in the presence of 17.5 mg/kg (p.o.) of normeperidine, a dose which almost completely eliminates responding. Pentobarbital, diazepam and clonazepam attenuated the normeperidine-induced suppression of behavior, whereas aminooxyacetic acid, baclofen and ethanol failed to attenuate the effects of normeperidine. The results indicate that in the pigeon the non-opioid effects of normeperidine and related analogs are related to proconvulsive actions. PMID- 7117364 TI - Estradiol suppresses then enhances intracaudate dopamine-induced contralateral deviation. AB - The effects of estradiol on the amount of contralateral postural deviation elicited by unilateral intracaudate injection of dopamine (DA) were tested 2 days and 6 days after hormone treatment. DA (25 micrograms/0.25 microliter) or a control vehicle solution (VH, 0.25 microliter) was injected unilaterally into the dorsal anterior caudate-putamen of intact male rats and postural deviation was measured. Then, rats were given estradiol benzoate (EB, 50 micrograms/100 g body wt per 0.05 ml) or the vehicle, peanut oil (OIL, 0.05 ml/100 g body wt) once. At 2 days and 6 days after EB or OIL treatment, the rats were again administered DA or VH intrastriatally and the amount of contralateral postural deviation was measured. At 2 days after EB treatment the response to intrastriatal DA was significantly decreased, but by 6 days it was significantly increased; OIL had no effect. Thus, the behavioral effects of estrogen are time-dependent and may affect the postsynaptic response to DA in the striatum. PMID- 7117365 TI - Inhibition of efferent sympathetic nerve activity by centrally administered paraoxon in the cat. AB - We recently found that central administration of the cholinesterase inhibitor paraoxon lowered blood pressure substantially. It was postulated that the decrease in pressure was mediated by a reduction of sympathetic outflow. In the present study, efferent splanchnic nerve activity in anaesthetized and paralysed cats was recorded, and quantified by measuring the variance of signal amplitude. After administration of 8 micrograms paraoxon into the vertebral arteries, blood pressure and splanchnic nerve activity decreased simultaneously. A mean fall of 46 +/- 6% and 45 +/- 13% (mean +/- S.E.M.) respectively was reached within 12 min and was maintained during the period studied (30 min). When the effect of paraoxon was antagonized by dexetimide, both blood pressure and splanchnic nerve activity returned to control values. Since previous work has shown that the depressor action could not be prevented by efferent vagal blockade it seems likely that the fall in blood pressure after paraoxon was mainly caused by a decreased sympathetic outflow. In addition, we varied the amplifier band width in recording splanchnic nerve activity. The measurement of frequencies between 10 and 225 Hz appeared to be sufficient for studying the change in activity after paraoxon. PMID- 7117366 TI - A cardiac arrest model in rats for evaluating the antihypoxic action of flunarizine. PMID- 7117367 TI - Inhibitory muscarinic receptors modulate the potassium-evoked release of [3H]serotonin from rat hypothalamic slices. PMID- 7117368 TI - Effect of methylprednisolone on small vein responses to hemorrhage and norepinephrine. PMID- 7117369 TI - In vivo binding of [3H]ketanserin on serotonin S2-receptors in rat brain. AB - In vivo binding of [3H]ketanserin was studied in various brain regions in rats. After i.v. injection of [3H]ketanserin (5 micrograms . kg-1), the highest labelling was found in the frontal cortex. Brain disposition of labelled drug correlated with the distribution of serotonin S2-receptors detected in vitro. The binding was saturable in the serotonergic areas but not in the cerebellum. Various drugs were tested for their ability to displace or to prevent [3H]ketanserin binding: these results were then compared to those obtained with [3H]spiperone in the frontal cortex. Although [3H]spiperone can be used to differentiate the affinity of a drug for serotonin (frontal cortex) and dopamine (striatum) receptors, the great advantage of [3H]ketanserin is that it labels serotonin S2-receptors exclusively. PMID- 7117370 TI - Serotonin-like actions of quipazine and CPP on spinal motoneurones. AB - The actions of iontophoretically applied quipazine (QPZ) and 6-chloro-2-[1 piperazinyl]-pyrazine (CPP) were compared with those of serotonin (5-HT) on rat spinal motoneurones. QPZ and CPP qualitatively resembled 5-HT in that both facilitated single unit activity evoked by glutamate. Like 5-HT, the facilitation they produced could be antagonized by metergoline or methysergide. These observations are compatible with the suggestion that the actions of QPZ and CPP are mediated by 5-HT receptors. In rats pretreated with the neurotoxin 5,7 dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT), QPZ and CPP remained effective in facilitating the glutamate evoked activity, whereas p-chloroamphetamine (PCA), a known releaser of 5-HT, was without effect. In contrast, PCA produced a long lasting facilitation in untreated rats. These data, taken together, suggest that QPZ and CPP are direct agonists at 5-HT receptors, but do not preclude the possibility that they might also act indirectly. PMID- 7117371 TI - Differences among 'serotonergic' anorectics in a cross-tolerance paradigm: do they all act on serotonin systems? AB - Rats on a 4 hr/day feeding schedule showed anorexia after i.p. injections of several 'serotonergic' agents. Tolerance developed within a few days of daily administration of all drugs except fluoxetine. The tolerant animals were then given a cross-tolerance test with a different agent, either the next day or after a drug free washout period. Rats which were tolerant to quipazine or MK 212 showed no cross-tolerance to fenfluramine or norfenfluramine. In contrast, rats which were tolerant to fenfluramine showed good cross-tolerance to quipazine or MK 212. However, after a washout period between the end of the chronic fenfluramine regimen and the cross-tolerance test, quipazine regained its full anorectic potency. The development of tolerance to fenfluramine was dependent upon the number of injections, not on their spacing. Fenfluramine-tolerant animals showed a partial decay of tolerance after a 3 day washout, but still retained some tolerance after 12 days. These findings imply that the mechanisms underlying the development of tolerance may differ from those which mediate its maintenance. Our data further suggest that not all of the agents act on the same neural system(s), and raise the possibility that non-serotonergic and/or non cerebral systems may be involved in the mode of action of these agents. PMID- 7117372 TI - Nifedipine reduces adenine nucleotide breakdown in ischemic rat heart. AB - An ATP-sparing effect has been demonstrated for a number of calcium antagonists. Nifedipine probably has a similar action, but data supporting this view are limited. Therefore we decided to study the effect of nifedipine on high-energy phosphate (and carbohydrate) metabolism in the ischemic rat heart. Langendorff preparations were made ischemic for less than 15 min. The reduction in coronary flow was 60 or 70%. Apex displacement during ischemia, a measure of contractility, was comparable for nifedipine-treated and untreated hearts. Ischemia caused a considerable release of the AMP catabolites adenosine, inosine and (hypo)xanthine, and of lactate. Nifedipine (10-100 micrograms/l) prevented this in a dose-dependent way. The highest dose reduced the release of purines and lactate by 90% (P less than 0.01) and 60% (P less than 0.001), respectively. The drug acted in a similar way during reperfusion. Due to ischemia, the adenylate energy charge (ATP + 0.5 ADP)/(ATP + ADP + AMP), decreased 15% (P less than 0.001); nifedipine at a concentration of 100 micrograms/l prevented this decrease (P less than 0.05). We conclude that nifedipine exerts a beneficial effect on myocardial adenine nucleotide metabolism during ischemia and reperfusion. PMID- 7117373 TI - Comparison of contractions of the smooth muscle of the guinea-pig vas deferens induced by ATP and related nucleotides. AB - The shape of contractile responses of the isolated guinea-pig vas deferens changes as ATP concentration is increased from 10(-7) to 10(-2) M. The ATP concentration-response curve is bimodal and reflects the change in response profile. Initially spike-like (10(-7) -3 x 10(-5) M) in nature, contractions acquire a secondary, slower tonic phase in transitional ATP concentrations (greater than or equal to 3 x 10(-5) M). At high ATP concentrations (10(-2) M) the secondary phase predominates. To determine if there are structural requirements for these complex effects, responses to ATP were compared to those elicited with analogs containing phosphate-chain, ribose and adenine modifications. In general, substitution of 5'-anhydride linkages with methylene or imido bridges prolonged responses to low concentrations but at high concentrations both potentiated and abbreviated the responses. ATP gamma S, a substrate for phosphohydrolases which incorporate phosphate but which are less able to remove thiophosphate, produced responses with a greatly prolonged tonic phase. Removal of the 2'-hydroxyl of ATP resulted in reduced potency at low concentrations while removal of the 3'-hydroxyl was without effect. Modification of both the 1 and N6 positions of adenine substantially reduced agonist activity. Responses to ATP and the beta, gamma-methylene congener were unaffected by treatment with 10(-5) M indomethacin. The results indicate that more than one simple interaction of ATP with a receptor is involved in the production of responses to ATP. Of several hypotheses discussed, we favor one which suggests that the phasic responses to low concentrations of ATP are receptor-mediated and modified by tissue enzymes, while those to high concentrations are mediated, in part, by hydrolysis per se. The hypothesis, which realizes that conformational preferences may exist as well, is proposed for the vas deferens only. PMID- 7117375 TI - Pharmacological studies on the mechanisms underlying the inhibitory and excitatory effects of clonidine on gastric acid secretion. AB - The effects of clonidine on gastric acid secretion were investigated using various pharmacological preparations both in vivo and in vitro. In conscious pylorus-ligated rats clonidine produced a marked reduction of gastric secretion which was prevented by yohimbine, while in anesthetized pylorus-ligated rats the drug failed to affect gastric secretion. In stomach lumen-perfused rats, insulin stimulated secretion was inhibited by clonidine; in contrast, the drug markedly potentiated bethanechol-evoked gastric secretion; this increase was fully prevented by cimetidine. In isolated preparations of guinea-pig gastric fundus, both spontaneous and bethanechol-induced hypersecretion were significantly enhanced by clonidine; this enhancement was also inhibited by cimetidine. The release of acetylcholine, measured at rest and during vagus nerve stimulation of both guinea-pig and rat isolated stomachs, was significantly inhibited by clonidine: this effect was prevented by yohimbine. Overall results indicate that clonidine possesses both inhibitory and excitatory effects on gastric acid secretion. The inhibitory effect appears to be mediated through the activation of presynaptic alpha 2-receptors which modulate acetylcholine release from the vagus nerve, while the excitatory action seems to depend on histamine-like properties of the drug. PMID- 7117374 TI - Acute coronary artery occlusion-reperfusion-induced arrhythmias in rats, dogs and pigs: antiarrhythmic evaluation of quinidine, procainamide and lidocaine. AB - Arrhythmias which occur following either abrupt occlusion (CO) of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), or rapid reperfusion (CR) of the same, were studied in rats, dogs and pigs. We found that all rats or pigs exhibited ventricular fibrillation (VF) during CO or after CR in contrast to dogs where more than 30% survived both procedures. In rats, the distribution in the onset of non-lethal arrhythmia or VF appeared to be uniform over the CO period, while in pigs and dogs the onset times clustered into two distinct groups. Also unlike dogs and pigs, the rat frequently (75%) underwent spontaneous defibrillation. Quinidine pretreatment (10 mg/kg i.v.) proved effective in protecting all three species from VF while procainamide (20 mg/kg i.v.) was effective only in rats and dogs. Lidocaine pretreatment (10 mg/kg i.v.) was effective in preventing VF in rats, but increased the incidence of CR-induced VF in dogs and significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced the mean time to VF during CO in pigs. However, lidocaine given immediately after CO in pigs did not reduce the time to VF suggesting that lidocaine given post-infarction would not increase the risk of VF, although the drug appears to be of no therapeutic benefit during the early occlusion period. Similarities in the action of lidocaine in pigs and dogs further suggest that the mechanisms of CR-induced VF in dogs and CO-induced VF in pigs may be similar. These data also support a pivitol role of extracellular K+ accumulation of the production of early post-infarction arrhythmias. Thus, the arrhythmogenic as well as antiarrhythmic properties of the various drugs studied here may relate their known effects on potassium permeability in cell membranes. PMID- 7117376 TI - The effects of digoxin and dopamine on the oxygen consumption, lactate production and haemodynamic performance of an isolated, perfused, working guinea-pig heart. AB - We have adapted an established technique for perfusing the isolated, working rat heart to the guinea-pig heart and characterized its biochemical and haemodynamic performance. After 20 min of anoxia the heart recovers about 50% of its pre anoxic performance ('post-anoxic cardiac failure') and after 90 min of continuous work total cardiac output falls to 50% of its initial, stable value ('spontaneous cardiac failure'). We have studied the effects of digoxin (10(-7) M and 2 x 10( 7) M) and dopamine (10(-5) M) on these two forms of cardiac failure and shown that digoxin improves the haemodynamic performance of the heart without altering its metabolism and therefore increases its efficiency. In contrast dopamine improves the haemodynamic performance of the heart at the expense of increased aerobic and anaerobic metabolism. The preparation is of value in studying the effects of cardioactive drugs on hearts subjected to constant pre-load and after load. PMID- 7117377 TI - Selective labelling of dopamine (D2) receptors in rat striatum by [3H]domperidone but not by [3H]spiperone. AB - Specific binding of [3H]spiperone and [3H]domperidone, displaceable by 1 microM d butaclamol, was examined in rat striatal membranes. Initial saturation and displacement experiments indicated that [3H]spiperone bound to more sites than [3H]domperidone and that, whilst all displacing drugs were more potent against [3H]domperidone, this difference in potency was greatest for dopamine agonists and specific antagonists and least for 5HT-related drugs. Sulpiride displaced [3H]spiperone biphasically, and was used at a concentration of 50 microM to examine two classes of [3H]spiperone binding: site 1 displaceable by sulpiride, and site 2 displaceable by butaclamol but not by sulpiride. Site 1 had twice the capacity of site 2 and ten times the affinity for [3H]spiperone. Dopaminergic drugs displaced preferentially from site 1, whilst 5HT-related drugs were more potent against site 2. GTP reduced the potency of dopamine, noradrenaline and, to a lesser extent, 5HT at site 1, but had no effect at site 2. [3H]Domperidone sites had the same capacity as [3H]spiperone site 1, and dopamine, noradrenaline and 5HT, in the absence or presence of GTP, and sulpiride had essentially identical affinities for [3H]domperidone sites and [3H]spiperone site 1. It is concluded that [3H]domperidone and [3H]spiperone label an identical population of dopamine (D2) receptors, whilst [3H]spiperone also labels a substantial number of non-dopamine sites, at least some of which are 5HT-related. [3H]spiperone also labels a substantial number of non-dopamine sites, at least some of which are 5HT related. [3H]Domperidone is the better radioligand for dopamine receptors. PMID- 7117378 TI - Distribution and characteristics of histamine H1-receptors in guinea-pig airways identified by [3H]mepyramine. AB - The distribution and characteristics of histamine H1-receptors in various regions of guinea-pig airways have been studied using the antagonist [3H]mepyramine. A similar density of specific [3H]mepyramine sites was found in trachea, bronchi and parenchyma and these sites possessed pharmacological properties expected of a histamine H1-receptor. In addition, there was a large component of [3H]mepyramine binding that did not show stereoselectivity towards the isomers of chlorpheniramine and as such cannot be considered to represent binding to an H1 receptor. This non-specific component accounted for approximately 80% of total [3H]mepyramine binding when assays were performed in Tris-HCl buffer but was considerably reduced by the presence of sodium ions in the incubation buffer. The present results do not confirm previous reports on the heterogeneity of histamine H1-receptors in guinea-pig lung and suggest that this may, in part, be due to difficulties in accurately assessing true receptor specific binding. PMID- 7117379 TI - Structure activity correlations in the inhibition of brain synaptosomal 3H norepinephrine uptake by phenethylamine analogs. The role of alpha-alkyl side chain and methoxyl ring substitutions. AB - alpha-Ethylphenethylamine proved to be a weaker inhibitor of rat brain synaptosomal [3H]norepinephrine ([3H]NE) uptake than amphetamine, while 2-amino tetralin and 2-amino-1,2-dihydronaphtalene, compounds in which the alpha-side chain ethyl group is tied to the aromatic ring have a similar inhibiting potency as amphetamine. Hallucinogenic polymethoxy substituted phenethylamine analogs have very low inhibitory potencies indicating that inhibition of NE-reuptake in brain noradrenergic neurons is not associated with the drug-induced hallucinogenic syndrome. PMID- 7117380 TI - Nature of functional tolerance produced by chronic flurazepam treatment in the cat. AB - Cats were treated once daily for 35 days with flurazepam (FZP). Different groups received 2, 5 or 20 mg/kg per day. A fourth group was started at 20 mg/kg per day, then the dose was increased to 30, and finally 40 mg/kg per day. Muscle relaxation, ataxia, and other measures of neurological impairment were used to measure drug actions. Tolerance developed rapidly, and no FZP effects were seen after 2-3 weeks of treatment with 2 or 5 mg/kg. Doses of 2-100 mg/kg FZP were injected i.p., 48 h after the last dose of chronic treatment with 2 or 5 mg/kg, and peak FZP effects were recorded. There was an approximate 10-fold shift to the right of the dose-response curve, indicating a large degree of functional tolerance after 5 weeks of FZP treatment. The pattern of tolerance, as measured by dose-response analysis, suggests that it may be different from the functional tolerance developed during barbiturate administration. PMID- 7117381 TI - Receptor interactions of imidazolines. Influence of ionization constant on the diffusion of clonidine and a series of structurally related imidazolidines into and out of the central nervous system. PMID- 7117383 TI - Photoaffinity labeling of H1-histamine receptors in isolated smooth muscles by 4(5)-[2-(4-azido-2-nitroanilino)ethyl]imidazole: characterization in guinea-pig aorta and lack of pharmacological antagonism in dog trachealis. PMID- 7117382 TI - Different effects of behaviorally equipotent doses of amphetamine and methamphetamine on brain biogenic amines: specific increase of phenylethylamine by amphetamine. AB - The effects of acute semichronic (twice daily for three days) treatments with the same doses of amphetamine (AMPH) and methamphetamine (M-AMPH) on rat brain phenylethylamine (PEA) and catecholamines were evaluated. These treatments produced similar behavioral responses and hence are assumed to be generally equipotent. Both drugs entered the brain rapidly but at different rates. While AMPH and M-AMPH produced comparable changes in the contents of catecholamines and their metabolites in the hypothalamus and caudate nucleus, only AMPH significantly elevated PEA. The elevated brain PEA produced by AMPH was not due to alpha-demethylation of AMPH. It is concluded that brain PEA may mediate some of AMPH behavioral effects but not those of M-AMPH. The catecholamines appear to be involved in the effects of both drugs. PMID- 7117384 TI - Effect of synthetic purines and purine nucleosides on [3H]diazepam binding in brain. AB - We have compared fifteen synthetic purines and purine nucleosides on their ability to displace [3H]diazepam binding to rat brain membranes. Among these analogs, 6-methylthioguanine was found to be most potent, inhibiting competitively the specific binding of [3H]diazepam with a Ki value of 16 micro M. At a concentration of 50 micro M, 6-methyl-thioguanine increased tha apparent Kd of specific diazepam binding from 4.3 nM to 13.3 nM without affecting the Bmax, nor had it any effect on the non-specific binding. Binding with membrane preparations from developing rat brain was slightly less sensitive to 6 methylthioguanine inhibition than that with membranes prepared from mature brain. PMID- 7117385 TI - Autoradiographic visualization of [3H]nitrendipine binding sites in rat brain: localization to synaptic zones. PMID- 7117386 TI - Coronary interactions between nifedipine and adenosine in the intact dog heart. AB - Coronary vascular interactions between adenosine and the calcium entry blocker, nifedipine were studied in the open-chest, blood-perfused dog heart. Adenosine was administered either as a constant intra-coronary infusion or released endogenously during brief occlusions of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. Nifedipine was administered in therapeutic concentrations as a single i.v. bolus via the femoral vein. Prior to nifedipine treatment, adenosine (1.2 mumol/kg per min) produced a significant (P less than 0.05) 2-3 fold increase in LAD flow. This response was reduced markedly (P less than 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner by nifedipine (6-20 microgram/kg). Following administration of an average dose of 11 microgram/kg nifedipine, adenosine (1.2 mumol/kg per min) failed to elevate LAD flow significantly. Further, reactive hyperemia, produced by releasing a 30-s occlusion of the LAD, was significantly attenuated by these same nifedipine concentrations. The nifedipine-mediated attenuation could be partially overcome by prolonging the period of occlusion (60 s), or by increasing the rate of adenosine infusion. These results could not be accounted for by a nifedipine-mediated alteration of hemodynamics and suggest the possibility of pharmacological competition between adenosine and nifedipine at a vascular smooth muscle receptor. PMID- 7117387 TI - Morphine-like effects of clonidine on the EEG, slow wave sleep and behavior in the dog. AB - EEG, behavioral and autonomic effects of morphine and clonidine were compared in the unrestrained beagle dog placed in a dimly-lit, sound-attenuated chamber equipped with video monitors. Intravenous (i.v.) morphine (0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg) and clonidine (11, 33 and 100 microgram/kg) caused parallel dose-related increases in NREM sleep with clonidine being 43 times more potent than morphine. Other similar effects were: an initial transient EEG-behavioral dissociation; increases in spectral power (8-16 Hz); decreases in temperature and heart and respiratory rates; emesis, miosis and salivation. Intraventricular (i.v.t.) morphine (33, 100 and 300 microgram) and clonidine (10 and 30 microgram) caused qualitatively similar EEG, sleep and behavioral effects. Naloxone (30 microgram/kg i.v.) prevented EEG synchrony and behavioral effects of i.v. morphine (1 mg/kg) but not those of i.v. clonidine (100 microgram/kg). Yohimbine pretreatment (0.1 mg/kg i.v.) was more effective in antagonizing clonidine than morphine. These results suggest that morphine and clonidine induce similar EEG, behavioral and autonomic effects through actions upon different receptors on the same or parallel neural pathways. The results further emphasize the importance of an alpha 2-adrenergic-opioid interaction to regulate sleep in the dog. PMID- 7117388 TI - Dopaminergic and serotonergic mediation of the discriminable effects of ergot alkaloids. AB - The involvement of dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) neuronal systems in the discriminative stimulus effects of various ergot derivatives was assessed by administering four ergots to 36 rats which had been trained to discriminate either apomorphine (APO) or d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) from saline. Lergotrile, lisuride and LSD substituted for APO (0.25 mg/kg) while bromocriptine and ergonovine (ergometrine) did not; only lisuride mimicked LSD (0.08 mg/kg). Antagonism tests showed that the DA antagonist haloperidol but not the 5-HT antagonist BC-105 (pizotifen) blocked the APO cue; both the LSD cue and the substitution of LSD for APO were blocked by BC-105 but not by haloperidol. It was concluded that DA receptor activation plays a prominent role in the discriminative stimulus effects of lergotrile and lisuride as well as APO and a secondary role in the LSD cue; 5-HT seems to be of major importance in the mediation of the effects of LSD and, to a lesser extent, lisuride. The functions of the two monoamines in the discriminable effects of bromocriptine and, particularly, ergonovine are less clear. PMID- 7117389 TI - Development and retention of tolerance to the sedative effects of chlordiazepoxide: role of apparatus cues. AB - Groups of rats were pretreated for 5 days with chlordiazepoxide (5 to 50 mg/kg) or with control water injections. On the sixth day the rats were given a test dose of chlordiazepoxide (10 mg/kg), or water. The rats that had received 5 days of pretreatment with chlordiazepoxide were significantly less sedated by the test dose than were those given chlordiazepoxide for the first time, i.e. they had developed tolerance. There were no significant differences between the two pretreatment groups in the extent of tolerance. A second experiment examined the effects of associating drug injections with apparatus cues. This had no effect on the development of tolerance, but had a significant effect on its retention: rats pretreated and replaced in their home cages showed complete recovery from tolerance after two drug-free days, whereas those placed in the apparatus after each day's injection retained some tolerance even after two drug-free weeks. PMID- 7117390 TI - Medullary serotonergic neurons are insensitive to 5-MeoDMT and LSD. AB - A comparison was made of the effects of 5-MeoDMT or LSD on serotonergic unit activity in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and nucleus raphe pallidus (NRP) of freely moving cats. NRP neurons were substantially less responsive than DRN neurons to both drugs. NRP neurons were unresponsive to behaviorally effective low doses of these drugs whereas the activity of DRN neurons was strongly depressed. These data are discussed in terms of autoregulatory control of serotonergic neurons. PMID- 7117391 TI - Reformation of the nuclear envelope in melanophores during recovery from a hormone plus puromycin treatment. PMID- 7117392 TI - Cytofluorometric determination of DNA base content in plant nuclei and chromosomes by the fluorochromes DAPi and chromomycin A3. PMID- 7117393 TI - Selection of proliferating cybrid cells by dual laser flow sorting. Isolation of teratocarcinoma x neuroblastoma and teratocarcinoma x endoderm cybrids. PMID- 7117394 TI - Temperature compensation in the mammalian cell cycle. PMID- 7117395 TI - Changes in intracellular pH of Physarum plasmodium during the cell cycle and in response to starvation. PMID- 7117396 TI - Fertilization studies in the hamster. The role of cell-surface carbohydrates. PMID- 7117397 TI - Processing of snake venom L-amino acid oxidase during intracellular transport. PMID- 7117398 TI - An artifact in measurement of S phase initiation and its implication for the kinetics of S phase-specific enzyme activities. PMID- 7117399 TI - Mutants of thermotaxis in Dictyostelium discoideum. PMID- 7117400 TI - Isolation of Omikron-endosymbionts from mass cultures of Euplotes aediculatus and characterization of their DNA. PMID- 7117401 TI - Transfer of African green monkey highly repetitive DNA into mouse L cells. PMID- 7117402 TI - Identification of two types of immature antigenic molecules on chicken red cells. PMID- 7117403 TI - Aggregated chondrocytes as a model system to study cartilage metabolism. PMID- 7117405 TI - Ligand-induced capping of surface proteins on trifluoperazine-treated macrophages. PMID- 7117404 TI - Reevaluation of DNA chain elongation rate in human diploid fibroblasts. PMID- 7117406 TI - Antagonists of chemoattractants reveal separate receptors for cAMP, folic acid and pterin in Dictyostelium. PMID- 7117407 TI - Electrical coupling of blastomeres in early embryos of ascidians and sea urchins. PMID- 7117409 TI - Distribution of histone H5 in chicken erythrocyte-mammalian cell heterokaryons. PMID- 7117410 TI - Cilia regeneration in Tetrahymena. A simple reproducible method for producing large numbers of regenerating cells. PMID- 7117408 TI - The synthesis and intracellular localization of adenovirus hexon protein studied by microinjection of mRNA into human cells. PMID- 7117411 TI - Precision-bored microcapillaries for microinjection of nano-litre quantities without precalibration. PMID- 7117412 TI - A rapid assay for fusion of embryonic chick myoblasts. PMID- 7117413 TI - Endocytosis of colloidal gold by pulmonary macrophages. PMID- 7117414 TI - Migration and internalization of cells and polystyrene microsphere in tumor cell spheroids. PMID- 7117415 TI - Energy metabolism and ATP turnover time during the cell cycle of Ehrlich ascites tumour cells. PMID- 7117416 TI - Morphology and permeability of blood vessels in the prenatal rhesus monkey eye: how plasma components diffuse into the intraocular fluids during development. PMID- 7117417 TI - Corneal sensitivity and neuro-histochemical studies of experimental herpetic keratitis in the rabbit. PMID- 7117418 TI - Photodynamic cross-linking of polypeptides in intact rat lens. PMID- 7117419 TI - A comparison of the effects of non-steroidal compounds on the disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier. PMID- 7117421 TI - The healing strength of corneal wounds in the human eye. PMID- 7117420 TI - Purification and characterization of glutathione S-transferases from the bovine cornea. PMID- 7117422 TI - Effect of indomethacin on red cell volume, iron kinetics and red cell survival in mice. AB - The time-response curve for hematocrit following s.c. injection of 400 microgram of indomethacin (IM) in a single dose into adult female mice showed a maximal depression at 3 days after IM with return to normal values by 11-12 days. The effect was dose-related showing a plateau with doses of IM above 400 microgram. The total circulating red cell volume was 68% of control and the plasma volume 117% of control 3 days after IM injection, recovering thereafter. At the same time, erythroid tissue iron uptake (microgram/h) was 67% higher in IM-treated than in non-injected mice. In mice with suppressed erythropoiesis due to daily i.p. injections of 0.06 microgram/g of actinomycin D, injection of IM induced a marked and rapid loss of cells from the circulation. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations of IM-treated mice at autopsy showed no indication of internal bleeding or other abnormalities. Serum non-conjugated bilirubin concentration was 2.2 times higher in IM-injected mice than in controls 3 days after drug administration. These results indicate that IM injection into mice in the experimental conditions reported here appears to induce a transient hemolytic state which is responsible for the depression of the red cell mass and the subsequent increase in the erythropoietic rate to compensate it. Both the decreased red cell volume and the increased plasma volume are responsible for the depression of the hematocrit value. PMID- 7117423 TI - Mediatory role of stem cell derived cells in LPS-induced splenic CFUs accumulation. AB - Injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in LPS-responsive mice produces a transient increase of CFUs in spleen and blood but not in bone marrow. The cellular aspects of the mechanism underlying this response of the hemopoietic system to LPS were investigated. Bone marrow cells from LPS-high responder mice (BMC-H) of the C3Heb/FeJ and C57BL/ScSn strains were transferred to lethally irradiated histocompatible LPS-low responder C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10/ScCr mice and vice versa. Six to ten weeks after reconstitution recipient mice were tested with LPS. Six days after injection of LPS, CFUs numbers in blood and spleen of low responders reconstituted with BMC-H showed a 10-17 fold increase compared with PBS-injected controls. Lethally irradiated LPS high-responders reconstituted with low-responder bone marrow cells (BMC-L) still produced a small but significant increase of splenic and blood CFUs numbers. These results suggest that relatively radioresistant stem cell-derived cells play an important role in the generation of a stimulus inducing the splenic CFUs accumulation following LPS injection. The decrease of femoral CFUs numbers was less prominent in mice reconstituted with BMC-L than in those reconstituted with BMC-H. Thus expression of the LPS locus is evident in both medullary and extra-medullary sites. PMID- 7117425 TI - Mycobacterium xenopi. PMID- 7117424 TI - An accelerated recruitment of CFUc subpopulations after treatment with vinblastine. AB - Granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFUc) in the bone marrow cells from mice before, and 12 hours to 7 days after intraperitoneal administration of vinblastine (VLB; 4 mg/kg) were serially investigated until day 14 of culture. The number of CFUc rose to peak levels on days 7 and 4 of culture in the whole bone marrow cells obtained before and two to four days after VLB treatment, respectively. A small peak found on day 11 of culture was marked up to 2 days after VLB treatment when fresh medium containing colony-stimulating factor was added on day 7. Each CFUc in the bone marrow cells fractionated by velocity sedimentation, counted on days 4, 7 and 11 of culture, showed distinct subpopulations of varying cell size. There was a correlation between the amount of each CFUc with cellularity and cytodifferential before and after the VLB treatment. Recruitment of stem cells through three CFUc subpopulations in the CFUc compartment is accentuated during convalescence following VLB-induced myelosuppression. PMID- 7117426 TI - Pulmonary mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium xenopi. Report of a case. AB - M. xenopi was definitely demonstrated 14 times in the sputum of a 70-year-old man with chronic obstructive lung disease. Sputum conversion was achieved by combined chemotherapy, but the patient died of cor pulmonale and associated terminal pneumonia. Autopsy revealed moderately advanced old fibrotic pulmonary lesions of tuberculous origin including a large "open healed" cavity, and recent involvement of lymphatic nodules with a bronchonodular fistula accompanied by dispersed lesions in the surrounding pulmonary tissue. Culture of the latter lesions yielded M. xenopi and were formed by central necrosis with numerous acid-fast rods surrounded by a hyaline capsule without any specific or nonspecific inflammation. No histological differences were detected between these lesions and lesions from a disease provoked by M. tuberculosis. PMID- 7117427 TI - Pulmonary disease due to Mycobacterium xenopi. Report of two cases. AB - Two patients with pulmonary disease due to M. xenopi are presented. Predisposing factors were alcoholism in one patient and previous tuberculosis with emphysema in the other. Whereas the disease was successfully treated in the first, M. xenopi was implicated as a contributory factor to death in the second. Histological examination in the latter case allowed no distinction from ordinary tuberculosis. A review of the literature suggests that infection with M. xenopi should be treated with a combination of rifampicin, isoniazid and one second-line drug, adjustments being made as results of sensitivity testing become available. PMID- 7117428 TI - Salbutamol in the treatment of asthmatic children. A comparison of oral and inhalation therapy alone and in combination. AB - In 10 children with asthma and reversible bronchial obstruction the effect on lung function (VC, FVC and FEV1) of salbutamol was tested comparing oral administration, inhalation or a combination of both. The oral treatment was carried out as a randomized double-blind salbutamol-placebo cross-over study followed by inhalation of salbutamol in all patients. In agreement with previous findings in adults, the study showed a significant increase of FEV1, FVC and VC (P less than 0.005) after oral salbutamol. Combined oral and inhalation medication of salbutamol gave a significantly higher increase of FEV1, VC (P less than 0.01) and FVC (P less than 0.05) when compared with oral therapy only. Compared with salbutamol inhalation only, the combined therapy gave a significantly higher FEV1 (P less than 0.01). The relatively high oral dose used produced no side effects. PMID- 7117429 TI - Effect of iodide on mucociliary transport in anesthetized dogs. AB - Using a recently described tracer method, we determined tracheal transport velocity (TTV) before and after intravenous administration of 10 ml of 0.1% sodium iodide (NaI) in anesthetized dogs. In nine experiments in hydrated dogs TTV did not change significantly after NaI therapy (mean change -1.3 mm/min +/- 1.8 SEM; P greater than 0.10). In 10 experiments in dehydrated dogs TTV increased significantly after NaI therapy (mean change 6.1 mm/min +/- 2.1; P less than 0.02). In 13 control experiments in dehydrated dogs not given NaI, TTV did not change significantly (mean change 1.4 mm/min +/- 1.1; P greater than 0.2). The increase in TTV in the dehydrated dogs treated with NaI was significantly greater than the change in TTV in the dehydrated dogs not given NaI (P less than 0.025). Previous studies have shown a dehydration-induced depression of TTV which was reversed by rehydration. These findings suggest that iodides improve mucociliary transport function in the dehydrated state but not the hydrated state and that this improvement is comparable to that following rehydration. PMID- 7117430 TI - Abnormalities in lung function following clinical recovery from Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. AB - Pulmonary function was studied in 15 patients who had clinically and radiologically recovered from proven Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, 21 weeks (mean) previously. Ten patients were tested again 43 weeks (mean) later. Lung volumes and measurements of airways resistance were generally normal. Transfer factor and diffusion constant were initially reduced in the smokers and significantly improved between the two studies, being normal at the second testing. It is suggested smokers take longer to recover from mycoplasma pneumonia although all cases had returned to normal a year after the illness. PMID- 7117431 TI - Intrathoracic meningocele. PMID- 7117432 TI - Non-malignant oesophago-bronchial fistula. PMID- 7117433 TI - Bronchial obstruction in a patient with Behcet's disease. PMID- 7117434 TI - Some topographical connections of the striate cortex with subcortical structures in Macaca fascicularis. AB - Subcortical connections of the striate cortex with the superior colliculus (SC), the lateral pulvinar (Pl), the inferior pulvinar (Pi) and the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LG) were studied in the macaque monkey, Macaca fascicularis, following cortical injections of tritiated proline and/or horseradish peroxidase. All four structures were shown to receive topographically organized projections from the striate cortex. The exposed surface of the striate cortex was found to be connected to the rostral part of the SC and the caudal part of the LG. Injections of the exposed striate cortex close to its rostral border resulted in label in adjoining parts of the Pl and Pi. The ventral half and dorsal half of the calcarine fissure were connected with the medial and lateral parts of the SC, the ventrolateral and dorsomedial portions of the Pl and Pi and the lateral and medial parts of the LG, respectively. Injections located at the lateral posterior extreme of the calcarine fissure resulted in label at the optic disc representation in the LG. The horseradish peroxidase material demonstrated that LG neurons in all laminae and interlaminar zones project to the striate cortex. PMID- 7117435 TI - Visual field deficits in cats reared with unequal alternating monocular exposure. AB - Thirty-four kittens reared by allowing each eye patterned visual input, but on alternate days and for unequal periods of time (unequal alternating monocular exposure (AME)), were tested for their ability to orient to targets at different positions in visual space. In all unequal AME cats, the visual field of the more experienced eye (MEE) was normal, while that of the less experienced eye (LEE) was restricted. In contrast, in 14 cats reared with equal AME, the fields of both eyes were equal and of normal size. The field deficits observed in the unequal AME cats must therefore be due to the imbalance in stimulation and thus result from a competitive interaction between the afferents from the MEE and the LEE. The field deficits observed in the unequal AME cats differed from those observed in two monocularly deprived (MD) cats. Neither of the MD cats ever responded to targets presented in the region of normal binocular overlap when tested with the deprived eye (DE). The unequal AME cats all showed a nasal field loss in the LEE, but responded normally to targets throughout the temporal portion of the binocular visual field. When the imbalance in stimulation was large (8 to 1) or moderate (8 to 4), there was an abrupt drop in responsiveness (from 100% to zero) as the position of the target was changed from temporal to nasal. When the imbalance was slight (8 to 7), the drop in responsiveness was more gradual and occurred within the nasal field. Our results demonstrate that (1) the paradigm of unequal AME is a useful one for studying binocular competition quantitatively, (2) even the slightest imbalance in stimulation of the two eyes can affect the outcome of the competitive interaction, and (3) the pathways serving binocular vision are not uniformly affected by binocular competition: the ipsilateral pathway is more sensitive than the contralateral pathway. PMID- 7117436 TI - Olivary afferents from the brain stem reticular formation. AB - The projections from the brain stem reticular formation to the inferior olive have been studied in cats in which microinjections of horseradish peroxidase have been made into the inferior olive from a ventral approach. Retrogradely labelled cells were observed within the reticular formation proper of the medulla, pons and mesencephalon (within the nucleus reticularis parvicellularis, reticularis ventralis, reticularis gigantocellularis, reticularis lateralis, reticularis pontis caudalis, reticularis pontis oralis, cuneiformis and subcuneiformis). Labelled cells were also found within the lateral reticular nucleus (the nucleus of the lateral funiculus), the paramedian reticular and the perihypoglossal nuclei. The connections are bilateral (the projection from the lateral reticular nucleus is only contralateral). The observations demonstrate a more widespread origin for the reticulo-olivary fibres than has previously been shown and indicate that the medullary reticular formation is the area with the highest number of cells projecting to the olivary complex. PMID- 7117437 TI - Relationship of cat vestibular neurons to otolith-spinal reflexes. AB - The dynamics of neurons in the vestibular nuclei of canal-plugged, decerebrate cats were studied in response to lateral (roll) tilt. Forelimb and neck extensor reflexes recorded simultaneously develop a progressive phase lag above 0.1 Hz. Neurons which exhibited a muscle-like phase lag were excited during low frequency stimuli by ipsilateral side-up tilt (beta response). Neurons with alpha responses, excited during side-down tilt, exhibited a constant phase, without a high frequency lag. Vestibulospinal neurons were present in both of these response groups, as were units driven at monosynaptic latencies by electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral labyrinth. The phase-lagging beta responses are appropriate for contributing to the reflexes observed in the ipsilateral neck and contralateral forelimb. PMID- 7117439 TI - Bilateral projections from the visual cortex to the striatum in the cat. AB - Direct projections from visual areas 17, 18, 19, and lateral suprasylvian visual area (LS) to the striatum were searched for in 12 adult cats using the autoradiographic technique to detect neuronal pathways. Striatal labels were found only after injections in areas 19 and LS. Projections homolateral to the injection sites were observed from both areas to the head and body of the caudate nucleus and to the putamen. Contralateral projections were found from both areas 19 and LS: however, area 19 did not project to the contralateral putamen. The extent of contralateral projections was smaller and they were confined within the same regions as the homolateral ones. Silver grains were often arranged in cluster-like patches, which were more evident ipsilaterally, in the head of the caudate nucleus and after injections in area LS. The present data support the view of a not strictly topographical segregation of striatal projections from the cat visual cortex. PMID- 7117438 TI - The visually evoked potential in humans with amblyopia: pseudorandom modulation of uniform field and sine-wave gratings. AB - The visually evoked potential was recorded in response to pseudorandom modulation of a uniform field and sine-wave gratings in humans with naturally occurring amblyopia. Analysis in the frequency domain showed similar temporal tuning when the nonamblyopic and amblyopic eye were stimulated with a uniform field and with spatial stimuli. Although most observers showed some reduction in the cortical response to stimulation of the amblyopic eye with uniform field modulation, all observers showed reductions in the response obtained for stimulation of the amblyopic eye with spatial stimuli. This decrease in the cortical response to stimulation of the amblyopic eye for sine-wave gratings was present at either the low and middle temporal frequencies or over the range of temporal frequencies tested, and was greater than that observed in those amblyopes who also showed reductions with uniform field modulation. Latency measures in the time domain showed increases in the response of the early components when the amblyopic eye was stimulated with a uniform field and with sine-wave gratings above 2 c/deg. These electrophysiological results confirm the results obtained psychophysically which suggest that although amblyopia is primarily a spatial anomaly, the response is influenced by the temporal attributes of the stimulus as well. PMID- 7117440 TI - Stability of large cell-medium cell clusters in the mature neostriatum. AB - Large neurons of the mouse caudate nucleus contain profuse Nissl material, have a maximal pole-to-pole diameter of up to 25 micron, occur preferentially within a central or CORE zone of the neostriatum, and are almost always located within territories delimited by medium-sized clustered neurons. Examination of coronal sections taken through the head of the nucleus and stained with cresyl violet revealed the absence of age-related pathology as evaluated by three parameters: (1) there was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of large neurons in all areas of the head of the nucleus; (2) the large neuron continued to be confined preferentially to the CORE zone of the head of the nucleus throughout the time period studied; and (3) no statistically significant shifts were detected in the geometry of large cell-medium cell clusters. Since postnatal age did not significantly affect the frequency, distribution or geometry of large cell-medium cell clusters, data from all animals was combined. This information was used to evaluate the possibility of an interaction between location within or outside the CORE zone and type of large cell-medium cell cluster, but these results were not statistically significant. Therefore, the data analyzed in this study support the view that the geometry of large cell-medium cell clusters is extremely stable in the mouse neostriatum and seems not to be influenced either by age of the animal or by location of the cell grouping. PMID- 7117441 TI - Development and plasticity of visual and vestibular generated eye movements. AB - Slow phase horizontal eye movements, elicited by the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and/or visual pursuit (VP) systems, were examined in normal children (NC, 9 16 years) and normal adults (NA). At slow frequencies of sinusoidal stimulation of the body (with the head immobilized) and/or of a visual target, the NC (9-12 years) exhibited (a) immature VP and VOR Suppression and mature VOR Enhancement in the presence of a visual image; (b) immature VOR Suppression and mature VOR Enhancement in the presence of a non-visual image of the spatial location of a visual target, an extra-retinal signal; (c) inability to augment or depress the VOR gain with a non-visual image; (d) mature VOR Suppression ratios; and (e) adjustment of VOR gain to a high value. The maturational process was featured by (a) parallel development of VP and VOR Suppression; (b) modification of the VOR gain; and (c) an increasing ability to augment or depress the VOR with a non visual image. The observations in NC (9-12) are ascribed to a maturational lag of an extra-retinal process interacting with mature retinal and vestibular processes and, hence, suggest that both the retinal and vestibular contributions to ocular stability predate the development of an extra-retinal signal. When mature, the central nervous system utilizes both extra-retinal and retinal signals to mediate adaptive regulation of VOR gain and to preserve stable visual pursuit motion and VOR Suppression. Our findings also suggest that during tasks requiring visual vestibular interaction, VP and VOR mechanisms appear to be indirectly rather than directly coupled. PMID- 7117442 TI - Participation of the principal olivary nucleus in neocerebellar motor control. AB - A new method for reversible cooling of the inferior olivary nucleus has been used in chronically prepared monkeys. Local olivary cooling depressed discharge of complex spikes of Purkinje cells in contralateral cerebellar cortex. Selective cooling of the principal olive (lateral and dorsal lamellae) produced movement oscillations at about 3-5 Hz of the contralateral arm during cooling in a monkey trained to make prescribed arm movements in the horizontal plane. The effects resemble those of dentate dysfunction. Selective cooling of the dorsal accessory olive and/or the overlying reticular formation, in 3 monkeys, produced during cooling a tendency for postural drift of the contralateral arm and for reduction of its movement amplitudes. These changes tended to vary together according to the degree of cooling. Arm oscillations did not occur. It is concluded that climbing fiber projections from the principal olivary nucleus are essential in the primate for optimal neocerebellar control of arm movements. PMID- 7117443 TI - Spinal coordination of bilateral leg muscle activity during balancing. AB - While subjects were standing and balancing on two separate seesaws, the EMG of the leg muscles and the positions of the two seesaws were recorded. The spontaneous balancing movements with predominant oscillations of 4-5 Hz, and the accompanying bursts of EMG activity in the leg muscles occurred quite symmetrically on the two sides. After a displacement, induced either by stimulating the tibial nerves, or by a brisk anterior tilt of one seesaw, the EMG responses of the tibialis anterior muscles started with the same latency (about 50 ms) on both sides, and with similar amplitudes, even when only one side was displaced. It is concluded that this symmetrical leg muscle activation is mediated by a spinal coordinating mechanism the function of which depends on the actual motor task. PMID- 7117444 TI - Responses of medullary reticulospinal and other reticular neurons to somatosensory and brainstem stimulation in anesthetized or freely-moving ovariectomized rats with or without estrogen treatment. AB - The medical medullary reticular formation (mMRF) is probably involved in controlling lordosis, a feminine mating reflex which requires both estrogen priming and appropriate somatosensory input(s). We have recorded single-unit activity of antidromically identified reticulospinal (RS) and unidentified (UI) neurons in mMRF of ovariectomized rats with or without estrogen treatment to investigate neurohormonal mechanisms regulating lordosis. The units were recorded in both acute and chronic preparations, the latter involving implanted "floating" wire electrodes to allow the influence of estrogen on a particular unit to be followed for several days. A substantial number of RS and UI units in both acute and chronic preparations were either excited or inhibited by a lordosis-eliciting somatosensory stimulation, indicating that the lordosis-eliciting sensory inputs did reach mMRF. The majority of these units responded promptly to the stimulation, and could participate in triggering the short-latency lordosis reflex. Electrical stimulation of several brainstem locations revealed that there was an extensive and specific convergence on mMRF neurons between inputs from the lordosis-eliciting stimulation and mesencephalic central gray, which has been shown to relay lordosis-inducing estrogen influence from hypothalamus to lower brainstem. Therefore, mMRF neurons can receive both the estrogen influence and the lordosis-eliciting inputs and integrate them. Although no apparent estrogen influence was detected in chronic preparations, statistical comparisons of results from acute preparations with or without estrogen treatment suggest that estrogen can increase the proportion of the neurons excited by the lordosis eliciting stimulation and facilitate neuronal excitability. Both effects are consistent with the prevailing notion that the net lordosis-inducing influence of estrogen is facilitatory, and they may be mechanisms for making lordosis elicitable. PMID- 7117445 TI - Electrical activity of septal neurones during suckling and the milk ejection reflex in the lactating rat. AB - Extracellular recordings from neurones in the lateral septum were performed in urethane anaesthetised lactating rats to study the eventual role of the septum in the control of suckling-induced oxytocin release. The connections of these neurones with the supraoptic nucleus, which contains cells secreting oxytocin, were assessed electrophysiologically by single pulse stimulation of the ipsilateral supraoptic nucleus. The neurones were thus classified into four categories: antidromically activated, orthodromically activated or inhibited, and unresponsive neurones. One hundred septal neurones were recorded in animals not exposed to suckling. A second group of 40 cells were analysed during suckling and one or more reflex milk ejections. The mean firing rates of each category of septal neurone did not differ significantly during suckling from the values observed in the absence of suckling. During suckling, almost all the recorded septal cells showed no significant alteration in their level of firing in relation to milk ejections. Two neurones presented an activation in the period between two milk ejections that seemed related to arousal. One neurone was clearly inhibited at the time of milk ejection. Our observations suggest that the septum does not represent an essential component of the pathways necessary for the milk ejection reflex induced by suckling, although it could exert an inhibitory action modulating either the intervals between two successive milk ejections, or the amount of oxytocin released. PMID- 7117446 TI - Central core control of developmental plasticity in the kitten visual cortex: I. Diencephalic lesions. AB - In five, dark-reared, 4-week-old kittens the posterior two thirds of the corpus callosum were split, and a lesion comprising the intralaminar nuclei was made of the left medial thalamic complex. In addition, the right eye was closed by suture. Post-operatively, the kittens showed abnormal orienting responses, neglecting visual stimuli presented in the hemifield contralateral to the side of the lesion. Sudden changes in light, sound, or somatosensory stimulation elicited orienting responses that all tended toward the side of the lesion. These massive symptoms faded within a few weeks but the kittens continued to neglect visual stimuli in the hemifield contralateral to the lesion when a second stimulus was presented simultaneously in the other hemifield. Electrophysiologic analysis of the visual cortex, performed after the end of the critical period, revealed marked interhemispheric differences. In the visual cortex of the normal hemisphere most neurons were monocular and responded exclusively to stimulation of the open eye, but otherwise had normal receptive field properties. In the visual cortex of the hemisphere containing the thalamic lesion, the majority of the neurons remained binocular. In addition, the selectivity for stimulus orientation and the vigor of responses to optimally aligned stimuli were subnormal on this side. Thus, the same retinal signals, which in the control hemisphere suppressed the pathways from the deprived eye and supported the development of normal receptive fields, failed to do either in the hemisphere containing the thalamic lesion. Apparently, experience-dependent changes in the visual cortex require both retinal stimulation and the functioning of diencephalic structures which modulate cortical excitability and control selective attention. PMID- 7117447 TI - Central core control of developmental plasticity in the kitten visual cortex: II. Electrical activation of mesencephalic and diencephalic projections. AB - Fifteen dark-reared, 4- to 5-week-old kittens were stimulated monocularly with patterned light while they were anesthetized and paralyzed. Six of these kittens were exposed to the light stimuli only, in four kittens the light stimuli were paired with electric stimulation of the mesencephalic reticular formation and in five kittens with electric activation of the medial thalamic nuclei. Throughout the conditioning period, the ocular dominance of neurons in the visual cortex was determined from evoked potentials that were elicited either with electric stimulation of the optic nerves or with phase reversing gratings of variable spatial frequencies. In two kittens, ocular dominance changes were assessed after the end of the conditioning period by analyzing single unit receptive fields. Monocular stimulation with patterned light induced a marked shift of ocular dominance toward the stimulated eye, when the light stimulus was paired with electric activation of either the mesencephalic reticular formation or of the medial thalamus. Moreover, a substantial fraction of cells acquired mature receptive fields. No such changes occurred with light or electric stimulation alone. It is concluded that central core projections which modulate cortical excitability gate experience-dependent modifications of connections in the kitten visual cortex. PMID- 7117448 TI - Contralateral corticofugal projections from the lateral, suprasylvian and ectosylvian gyri in the cat. PMID- 7117449 TI - Spino-olivary projections from the upper cervical spinal cord: an experimental study using autoradiography and horseradish peroxidase. AB - Spino-olivary projections from segments C1 and C2 were examined in 17 cats using autoradiographic methods and in nine cats using the method of retrograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP) transport. Injections of 3H-leucine at the junction of the C1-C2 segments produced anterograde terminal labelling in two regions of the contralateral inferior olive, one in the rostromedial half of the dorsal accessory olive (DAO), the other in the caudal half of the medial accessory olive (MAO). Projections to the rostromedial DAO were best demonstrated when tracer labelled the ventromedial part of the dorsal horn, while projections to the caudal MAO were strongly labelled by injections in both the lateral and medial parts of the intermediate grey matter. Injections of HRP into the region of the inferior olive led to retrograde marking of cells in both regions of the contralateral spinal cord implicated by autoradiographic studies to have spino olivary projections. Dense groupings of small rounded or fusiform cells were labelled contralaterally on the medial aspect of the dorsal horn in C1 and C2, while medium-sized multipolar cells were more sparsely distributed throughout intermediate laminae of C1-C5. Olivary projections from dorsal column nuclei were also examined and compared to those of spino-olivary projections. Injections of 3H-leucine into n. gracilis and cuneatus led to terminal labelling in three olivary regions, including the rostral DAO, the caudo-lateral DAO and the caudal MAO. Projections from the DCN to the rostral DAO and the caudal MAO overlapped with regions of projection from upper cervical segments although the territories occupied by DCN and upper cervical projections were not identical. Amino acid injections which were confined to n. cuneatus gave rise to terminal labelling in only the rostromedial DAO. PMID- 7117450 TI - Effects of histamine on brain capillaries. Fine structural and immunohistochemical studies after intracarotid infusion. AB - The effect of histamine administered via the common carotid artery on the transport processes of brain capillaries was investigated in rats. The fine structure of endothelial cells and the glial end-feet system was studied by electron microscopy and the serum albumin was visualized for light microscopy by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immunohisto-chemical reaction. Sixty microgram per milliliter histamine enhanced the penetration of serum albumin into the capillaries while the number of pinocytotic and coated vesicles significantly increased in the capillary endothelium. Oedematous swelling of the glial end-feet system was also observed. The stimulatory effect of histamine on the transcapillary transport could not be inhibited by a histamine H1-receptor antagonist, mepyramine. By contrast, metiamide, a histamine H2-receptor antagonist prevented both ultrastructural changes and albumin penetration in the brain capillaries to occur. PMID- 7117451 TI - Apomorphine-induced ipsilateral turning in rats with unilateral lesions of the parafascicular nucleus. PMID- 7117452 TI - Pallidofugal projections to thalamus and midbrain: a quantitative antidromic activation study in monkeys and cats. AB - The projections of monkey medial globus pallidus (and of cat entopeduncular nucleus) to thalamus and midbrain were studied with antidromic activation in order to determine the number of pallidal neurons sending axonal branches to the two sites. The animals were anesthetized with pentobarbital and several movable electrodes were used to stimulate the thalamic nuclear complex ventralis anterior - ventralis lateralis (VA-VL), the nucleus "centre median" (CM), and the midbrain nucleus tegmenti pedunculopontinus (TPP). The responses of pallidal neurons were recorded with extracellular microelectrodes. In 3 monkeys 99% and 87% of 145 medial pallidal neurons responded antidromically to stimulation of VA-VL and TPP respectively. Reciprocal collision tests demonstrated that 86% of the 145 neurons sent axonal branches to the two sites. By comparison in 2 cats the tests demonstrated that 72% of 46 entopeduncular neurons branched to VA-VL and TPP. In 2 monkeys 68% of 53 medial pallidal neurons were shown to branch to VA-VL and CM thalamic nuclei. In the monkeys, the latencies of responses indicate that all pallidofugal fibers have the same mean conduction rate: 6 m/s. The fibers appear to branch profusely in VA-VL where less current was required to activate neurons antidromically than in TPP. The location of neurons in the medial pallidum is weakly correlated with the location of stimulation points in VA-VL activating the neurons antidromically at low threshold, suggesting some topography in the pallidothalamic projection. However there is no particular localization of medial pallidal neurons with and without branching projections. Apart from one exception, the 162 neurons recorded in the lateral pallidum failed to respond antidromically to the stimulation sites. We conclude that the great majority of medial pallidal neurons can send signals to both the thalamus and the midbrain in the cat and in the monkey. PMID- 7117453 TI - The response of primary horizontal semicircular canal neurons in the rat and guinea pig to angular acceleration. AB - In rats and guinea pigs, primary afferent neurons from the horizontal semicircular canal were divided into two categories, regular and irregular, on the basis of the regularity of their resting activity. Regular neurons tend to have higher average resting rates than irregular neurons and in response to a constant angular acceleration stimulus of 16.7 deg/s2 regular neurons tended to have lower sensitivity and longer time constants than irregular cells. Some irregular neurons are more sensitive to incremental accelerations than to decremental accelerations of the same magnitude, whereas regular neurons tend to show symmetrical sensitivity. In response to sinusoidal angular acceleration stimuli (fixed frequencies) in the range 0.01-1.5 Hz, cells which fired regularly at rest tended to have smaller gain and longer phase lag re acceleration at most frequencies than irregular cells. Transfer functions were obtained for averaged data for regular and irregular neurons separately in both species. In both species there is evidence of systematic variation between neurons within each category, and this systematic variation is obscured by averaging across neurons. PMID- 7117454 TI - Postnatal developmental changes in the response of rat primary horizontal semicircular canal neurons to sinusoidal angular accelerations. AB - At birth primary horizontal semicircular canal afferent neurons in the albino Wistar rat have slow, irregular spontaneous activity and insensitive, sluggish, variable responses to sinusoidal angular acceleration stimuli. There are rapid changes in the gross morphology of the rat semicircular canal in the first 4-5 days after birth, and during this time there is a rapid increase in neural gain re acceleration. Irregular neurons in rats about 6 days old have gains in the same range as irregular neurons in adult rats. However, after the gross morphological growth is complete, there continues to be a decrease in phase lag re acceleration. The causes of this developmental change in phase are unknown. It could be produced by changes in the receptor-afferent-efferent complex or by changes in the cupula or cupula-hair-cell attachment. These results with sinusoidal accelerations confirm the developmental increase in sensitivity and decrease in time constant found with constant angular accelerations (Curthoys 1979b). PMID- 7117455 TI - The shift in X/Y ratio after chronic monocular paralysis: a binocularly mediated, barbiturate-sensitive effect in the adult lateral geniculate nucleus. AB - Adult-onset stimulus modifications, such as monocular paralysis, alter the physiology of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), reducing the encounter rate for X-latency cells in all of the principal layers of both LGNs whether the innervating eye is paralyzed or mobile. These reductions in encounter rate for X latency cells are confined to those portions of the LGN representing central binocular visual space and are sensitive to the level of anesthesia in that, while these effects are evident in subjects sedated during recording, no such reductions are found when subjects are anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital during recording. Finally, conduction velocity and receptive field classification data from these experiments confirm, as the shifts in OX latency distributions would indicate, that chronic monocular paralysis does have a selective impact upon the recordability of LGN X-cells. These observations together with earlier ones involving monocular paralysis suggest that this adult-onset modification reduces the encounter rate for X-cells by disrupting a binocular mechanism which controls the relative excitability of X- and Y-cells which represent central visual space. PMID- 7117456 TI - Generation of theta activity (RSA) in the cingulate cortex of the rat. PMID- 7117457 TI - Contractile properties of rat hind limb muscles immobilized at different lengths. PMID- 7117458 TI - Relationship between the striatal system and amygdaloid paroxysmal activity. PMID- 7117459 TI - Comparison of the development of isometric contractile properties of embryonic avian normal and dystrophic skeletal muscle. PMID- 7117460 TI - Selective augmentation of visual pathways by morphine in alpha-chloralose anesthetized cats. PMID- 7117461 TI - Basal ganglia: motor influences mediated by sensory interactions. PMID- 7117462 TI - Functional analysis of attention-related unit activity in the reticular formaton of the monkey. PMID- 7117463 TI - Types of gaze movement: variable interactions of eye and head movements. PMID- 7117464 TI - Differences in opiate-induced synaptic excitability of hippocampal slices prepared from tolerant and nontolerant rats. PMID- 7117465 TI - Disruption of copulatory behavior of male rats by olfactory bulbectomy at two, but not ten, days of age. PMID- 7117466 TI - Nerve growth factor effects on protein synthesis after nerve damage. PMID- 7117467 TI - An index of the functional condition of rat sciatic nerve based on measurements made from walking tracks. PMID- 7117468 TI - Propagation of photic evoked responses recorded from the retina, optic chiasm, lateral geniculate body, and visual cortex of the nutritionally rehabilitated rat visual system. PMID- 7117469 TI - Effects of prenatal progesterone on the development of pyramidal cells in rat cerebral cortex. PMID- 7117470 TI - Cellular discharge in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of the monkey in cognitive tasks. PMID- 7117471 TI - Suppression of tonic output from entopeduncular nucleus by local electrical stimulation. PMID- 7117472 TI - Effect of morphine on aversive subthalamic stimulation in the cat. PMID- 7117473 TI - Cell death of motoneurons in the chick embryo spinal cord. VII. The survival of brachial motoneurons in dystrophic chickens. PMID- 7117474 TI - Prolactin release induced by paired-pulsed stimulation within the preoptic suprachiasmatic region in male rats: response to varying interpulse intervals. PMID- 7117476 TI - Correlation between water intake and dendritic branching in homozygous Brattleboro rats: a golgi study. PMID- 7117475 TI - Auditory evoked potentials recorded intracranially from the brain stem in man. PMID- 7117477 TI - Differential effect of acute vs chronic desmethylimipramine on the rate of amygdala kindling in rats. PMID- 7117478 TI - Cytoarchitecture of the extranuclear and commissural dendrites of hypoglossal nucleus neurons as revealed by conjugates of horseradish peroxidase with cholera toxin. PMID- 7117479 TI - Normal development of motor behavior in the rat and effect of midthoracic spinal hemisection at birth on that development. PMID- 7117480 TI - Comparison of the effect of midthoracic spinal hemisection at birth or in adulthood on motor behavior in the adult rat. PMID- 7117481 TI - Biochemical and morphological characteristics of calcium uptake by denervated skeletal muscle. PMID- 7117482 TI - Preganglionic innervation of the adrenal gland of the rat using horseradish peroxidase. PMID- 7117483 TI - Transmission of intercostal muscle proprioceptor afferent information to medullary respiratory areas. PMID- 7117484 TI - Antagonization of clonidine- and morphine-promoted antinociception by kainic acid lesion of nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis in the rat. PMID- 7117485 TI - An evaluation of fast- and slow-twitch muscle from rats treated with 20,25 diazacholesterol. PMID- 7117486 TI - Aspects of the pentylenetetrazol kindling model of epileptogenesis in the rat. PMID- 7117487 TI - Studies on lymphokine activity in concanavalin A-stimulated lymphocyte supernatants using the macrophage-electrophoretic-mobility-test (MEM-test). AB - Blood lymphocytes from guinea pigs and human donors were incubated with varying amounts of soluble Con A or, in the human system, with Sepharose-bound Con A for 60 min and 24 h at 310 K. The cellfree lymphocyte supernatants were incubated with guinea pig peritoneal macrophages which were measured in a cell electrophoresis apparatus "Parmoquant II" to detect lymphokine activity. Differences were found in the slowing capacity of short-term (60 min) and long term (24 h) incubations. In the latter mobility reduction was higher at comparable Con A concentrations. Greatest macrophage slowing was found at Con A concentrations of 5--10 micrograms Con A/10(6) lymphocytes in the guinea pig system and of 40--50 micrograms Con A/10(6) lymphocytes in the human system. But there was no great difference in the heights of the macrophage slowing at the optimal Con A concentration indicating no species restriction for human lymphokine(s) in our experiments. Stimulation of lymphocytes seems to be possible with Sepharose-bound Con A during a long-term incubation as tested in the human system. PMID- 7117488 TI - Study of kinetics of epithelial cell populations in normal tissues of the rat's intestines and in carcinogenesis. III. Changes in kinetics of enterocyte populations in the course of experimental intestinal tumour induction in rats. AB - A stage-by-stage study of disturbances in enterocyte proliferation in the ileum and descending colon in the course of tumour induction by treatment with 1,2 dimethylhydrazine was performed. Even at early stages, an expansion of the zone of epithelial cell proliferation in the crypts and migration of dividing cells as far as to the crypt mouth, which is a manifestation of enterocyte differentiation disturbances, were observed. Enterocytes of the crypts chiefly proliferated through a short cycle, the mean duration of which was slightly greater than in normal intestinal tissue. The reduced cell loss in the epithelium and resultant disturbances of its steady state led to the accumulation of great numbers of atypical cells in the superficial layers of the crypts and formation of carcinomas in situ in the descending colon. The microscopically unaltered sections of the mucosa, prior to development of overt neoplastic changes carcinomas in situ, superficial cancers and small-size adenocarcinomas revealed a simplified structure of enterocyte population, as compared with normal epithelium. As tumours progressed, the heterogeneity of its component cell subpopulations increased, and several subpopulations, differing in mean duration of the mitotic cycle, were formed. Pathologic mitoses made up a greater portion (50-60 per cent) of the dividing cells of the descending colon, as compared with ordinary 4 per cent at all stages of experimental tumour induction. PMID- 7117489 TI - Quantitative analysis of endoplasmic reticulum in hepatocytes of growing and adult mice. PMID- 7117490 TI - Elastin and collagen metabolism in the arterial wall of rats fed an atherogenic diet. AB - Experimental atherosclerosis in rats was produced by feeding them atherogenic diet for ten months. Elastin and collagen content of the arterial wall as well as some aspects of the metabolism of these proteins were studied. A decrease of elastin content was accompanied by its enhanced susceptibility of enzymatic hydrolysis in vitro. An increase of soluble collagen fractions in tissue and a simultaneously enhanced level of collagen catabolites in serum and urine were found. The present work deals with a disturbed elastin and collagen metabolism in experimental atherosclerosis and shows simultaneous participation of these compounds in pathogenesis of this disease. PMID- 7117491 TI - Correlated ultrastructural and morphometric studies on the liver during prenatal development of rats. AB - Quantitative and qualitative changes in liver tissues during prenatal development were studied by electron microscopy and morphometry. On the 15th day, 30% of fetal liver volume consisted of hepatocytes, and the extrahepatocytic spaces amounted to 63%. The hemopoietic cells occupied 93% of the extrahepatocytic spaces. Immature bile canaliculi were observed and amounted only to 0.14% of extrahepatocytic spaces. The hepatocytes were irregular in shape and possessed several large lipid droplets which amounted to 19% of the cytoplasm. Although the rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (RER) was well developed, the smooth surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (SER) was not yet differentiated. The typical peroxisomes with nucleoid and glycogen were not observed in the cytoplasm. On the 18th day the volumetric densities of hepatocytes and bile canaliculi were increased. The typical peroxisomes with nucleoid appeared in the cytoplasm. The accumulation of glycogen which amounted to 12% of the cytoplasmic volume had taken place, while the volume of lipid droplets decreased significantly. In glycogen areas the differentiation of SER began. At birth the histogenesis of the liver was well established. The hemopoietic cells decreased in number and were confined to perisinusoidal spaces. The volumes of biliary capillaries and sinusoids were comparable with these of young rats now. The volumetric density of hepatocytes increased and occupied about 74% of the liver. The volumetric densities of mitochondria, SER, peroxisomes, secondary lysosomes, and lipid droplets increased significantly in comparison with those of the 18 days old fetus, while RER, Golgi area, and primary lysosomes were rather constant. The volumetric density of glycogen decreased rapidly at birth. PMID- 7117492 TI - Effect of thrombin on glycosaminoglycans in fibroblast cultures. AB - Embryonic rat fibroblasts were incubated with thrombin of different concentrations for 48 hrs. in the absence of calf serum. Cell proliferation was increased in dense cultures only. In low and high density cultures there were increased glucose consumption as well as increased GAG turnover rates and GAG total concentration. In the GAG distribution pattern DS was decreased, but HA was increased in low density and CS in high density cultures. The possible correlation between CS increase and cell proliferation is discussed.--Experiments with plasmin were without stronger effects on the fibroblast cultures. PMID- 7117493 TI - Postnatal tolerance to NO2 toxicity. PMID- 7117494 TI - Effects of thromboxane A2 injection on the rabbit coronary artery. I. Physiologic effects in healthy animals. PMID- 7117495 TI - Acid phosphatase residual latent activity versus lysosome osmotic fragility in rat liver autophagy. PMID- 7117496 TI - Ultrastructural morphometric evaluation of muscles in pigeons kept under conditions of long-lasting hypodynamic state. PMID- 7117497 TI - Ultrastructural evidence for collagen degradation in the walls of varicose veins. PMID- 7117498 TI - Growth, structure and function of baboon aortic smooth muscle cells in culture. PMID- 7117499 TI - Action of calcitonin on the atherosclerotic modifications of brain microvessels induced in rabbits by cholesterol feeding. PMID- 7117500 TI - Sex education and its association with teenage sexual activity, pregnancy and contraceptive use. PMID- 7117501 TI - Factors affecting adolescents' use of family planning clinics. PMID- 7117502 TI - Parental involvement: selling family planning clinics short. PMID- 7117504 TI - Illegal-abortion deaths in the United States: why are they still occurring? PMID- 7117503 TI - Need for family planning services among Anglo and Hispanic women in U.S. counties bordering Mexico. PMID- 7117505 TI - Why now? PMID- 7117506 TI - The noncontraceptive health benefits from oral contraceptive use. PMID- 7117507 TI - Storm over Washington: the parental notification proposal. PMID- 7117508 TI - Mary Lee Tatum, sex educator. PMID- 7117509 TI - Planned parenthood: ideas for the 1980s. PMID- 7117510 TI - Adolescents' Use of a hospital-based contraceptive program. PMID- 7117511 TI - The effect of polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine on liver phosphoglyceride synthesis. AB - Experimental evidence is reported that shows a noticeable stimulation of the rate of lecithin synthesis in vitro from phosphorylcholine in liver microsomes by the addition of a polyunsaturated soybean phospholipid material (EPL). When the synthesis of lecithin takes place from cytidine-diphosphate-choline no stimulation takes place. The synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine from phosphorylethanolamine is not stimulated by this addition. Suggestion is made that lipid components of the EPL preparation exert a stimulatory effect at the level of the rate-limiting step of lecithin synthesis, catalyzed by cytidylyltransferase enzymes. PMID- 7117512 TI - QSAR in a series of muscarinic agents. Note IV. - New pyridine and furan derivatives. AB - Two new series of picolyl- and furfuryltrimethylammonium salts have been prepared and studied in order to support some hypotheses previously formulated in the study of the topology of the muscarinic receptor. The general picture of ligand interactions with receptor as seen with correlation analysis is discussed. The new quantitative structure-activity relationship is compared with those previously formulated and it is shown that biological data for new congeners are well predicted by a correlation equation published earlier. PMID- 7117513 TI - [Benzenedithiol esters with antimycotic activity]. AB - Some diesters of benzen-1,2-dithiol wit aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids were prepared and tested for in vitro antifungal activity. The diacetate and dipropionate of benzen-1,3- and 1,4-dithiol were used as comparison compounds. The substances (Table I; substances I leads to X) were obtained by condensation of benzenedithiols with suitable acylating agents. The fungistatic activity of the products was tested in vitro against the following fungal strains: Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The results show that the diester of benzen-1,2-dithiols with alkanoic acids (Table I) have marked antimycotic activity, much greater than that of clotrimazol. The diaroyl esters of benzen-1,2-dithiol and the diesters of benzen-1,3- and 1,4-dithiols are inactive or only slightly active. PMID- 7117514 TI - Transcription in nuclei isolated from carrot protoplasts: effects of exogenous DNA. PMID- 7117516 TI - Correlation between molecular shape and hexagonal HII phase promoting ability of sterols. PMID- 7117515 TI - Differential inhibition by progesterone of the adenylate cyclase of oocytes and follicle cells of Xenopus laevis. PMID- 7117517 TI - delta mu H+-sensing in taxis of Vibrio harveyi. PMID- 7117518 TI - Identification of glycoproteins bearing human blood group A determinants in rabbit enterocyte plasma membranes. PMID- 7117519 TI - Calmodulin antagonists competitively inhibit dexamethasone binding to the glucocorticoid receptor. PMID- 7117520 TI - Expression of NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase during dimethyl sulfoxide-induced differentiation of Friend erythroleukemia cells. PMID- 7117521 TI - Purification and phosphorylation of initiation factor eIF-2 from rabbit skeletal muscle. PMID- 7117522 TI - Interaction of calmodulin with adrenal chromaffin granule membranes. PMID- 7117523 TI - Lack of asymmetry in the active sites of tetrameric D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase during alkylation in the crystalline state. PMID- 7117524 TI - Permanent activation of antithrombin by covalent attachment of heparin oligosaccharides. PMID- 7117525 TI - Choline and acetylcholine induce interdigitation of hydrocarbon chains in dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol lamellar phase with stiff chains. PMID- 7117526 TI - The neurophysin domain of human vasopressin precursor. PMID- 7117527 TI - Inactivation of chicken muscle enolase by carbodiimide and glycine methyl ester. PMID- 7117528 TI - Tension maintenance and crossbridge detachment. PMID- 7117529 TI - Uptake of dolichol into cultured cells. PMID- 7117530 TI - The reaction of 4-deoxy-4-fluoro-D-glucose with an outer membrane protein of Pseudomonas putida. PMID- 7117531 TI - Theoretical study of cruciform states in superhelical DNAs. PMID- 7117532 TI - Binding and dissociation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex of Azotobacter vinelandii on thiol--Sepharose. PMID- 7117533 TI - Role of diffusion of substrates on the apparent behaviour of immobilized malate dehydrogenase. PMID- 7117534 TI - Studies of cellular metabolism in isolated intact bovine retinas by 31P NMR. PMID- 7117535 TI - Resolution of p-cresol methylhydroxylase into catalytically active subunits and reconstitution of the flavocytochrome. PMID- 7117536 TI - Magnetic resonance study of glycophorin A-containing 13C-enriched methionines. AB - Methionine-81 and/or -8 of the transmembrane sialoglycoprotein, glycophorin A, have been specifically alkylated with 13CH3I to produce the sulfonium ion derivatives [S-[13C]methylmethionine-8]glycophorin A and [S-[13C]methylmethionine 8 and -81]glycophorin A. 13C NMR spectra of these species show that the resonances of the methyl groups of the modified glycophorins occur at 26.1 ppm downfield from Me4Si. A spin-lattice relaxation time of 0.4 s was observed for the 13C-enriched methyl resonances of the sulfonium ion derivatives of Met-8 and 81, which corresponds to an effective correlation time of less than 2 X 10 - 10 s. Demethylation of the 2 glycophorin A sulfonium ion species with 2 mercaptoethanol produces native glycophorin A which now has the epsilon-carbon of the methionine residue(s) 45% isotopically enriched. The epsilon-carbon of Met-8 was found to occur at 15.7 ppm downfield from Me4Si whereas the epsilon-carbon of Met-81 exhibited an unusual chemical shift of 2.0 ppm downfield from Me4Si. The spin-lattice relaxation time of both resonances was found to be approximately 0.3 s. PMID- 7117537 TI - Increased fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene in the phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated plasma membrane of human neutrophils. PMID- 7117538 TI - Primary structure of the histone H2A and H2B genes and their flanking sequences in a minor histone gene cluster of Xenopus laevis. PMID- 7117539 TI - A common chromatin factor involved in the repair of O6-methylguanine and O6 ethylguanine lesions in DNA. PMID- 7117540 TI - Decrease of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in liver of rats treated with hypolipidemic drugs. PMID- 7117541 TI - Permeability of inner mitochondrial membrane to arginine reagents. PMID- 7117542 TI - The influence of nupercaine on Ca2+ transport by rat liver and Ehrlich ascites cell mitochondria. PMID- 7117543 TI - The nucleic acid and deduced protein sequence of cDNA clones for delta-crystallin of the chicken lens. PMID- 7117544 TI - Epigenetic modulation of the mouse HGPRT gene in interspecific reconstituted cells and cybrids. PMID- 7117545 TI - Reaction of oxygen with hydroxylamine oxidoreductase of Nitrosomonas: fast kinetics. PMID- 7117546 TI - Cytochrome P-450 facilitates phosphatidylcholine flip-flop in proteoliposomes. PMID- 7117547 TI - Comparative interaction of asialoorosomucoid and desialylated ovin submaxillary mucin with hepatocytes from normal and diabetic rats. PMID- 7117548 TI - Mechanisms of proton-linked monoamine transport in chromaffin granule ghosts. AB - In bovine chromaffin granules, an inwardly directed H+-translocating ATPase can create either a transmembrane pH gradient (inside acidic) or a transmembrane difference in electrical potential (inside positive). Both the pH gradient delta pH and the membrane potential delta psi can drive monoamine uptake into chromaffin granule membrane vesicles (ghosts). The monoamine concentration gradient is proportional to the square of the [H+] gradient and to exp(F delta psi/RT). This implies that monoamine uptake occurs via a proton antiport or exchange diffusion mechanism with a stoichiometry of two protons per cationic amine. PMID- 7117549 TI - A model of biogenic amine accumulation into chromaffin granules and ghosts based on coupling to the electrochemical proton gradient. AB - A model is presented to explain catecholamine uptake into isolated chromaffin granules and ghosts. It is based on the following observations and conclusions: 1) the chromaffin granule maintains one of the lowest permeabilities to cations of any previously isolated subcellular organelle and the lowest permeability to protons, 2) a transmembrane proton gradient delta pH exists across the chromaffin granule membrane that is not media dependent, with a measured internal pH of 5.5; 3) the addition of ATP to a suspension of chromaffin granules results in the generation of a membrane potential of 80-100 mV, positive inside; 4) an H+ translocating ATPase responsible for the generation of this electrochemical proton gradient (delta micro H+) exists within the membrane of the chromaffin granule; 5) net amine accumulation proceeds in the presence of both a delta pH alone and a transmembrane potential gradient delta psi alone, with the maximal rate and extent occurring in the presence of a delta pH and a delta psi together (delta micro H+); 6) when catecholamine uptake is in equilibrium with the delta micro H+, the equilibrium distribution of amines (delta micro A) obeys the relationship delta micro A = delta psi-2Zdelta pH. The model, in its elemental form, states that an H+-translocating ATPase for the generation of a delta pH and delta psi exists within the membrane of the chromaffin granule. This electrochemical proton gradient provides the driving force for amine influx, which proceeds via a reserpine-sensitive antiport carrier mechanism coupled to proton efflux. The model is discussed in terms of its physiological implications and significance for other amine-containing subcellular organelles, with particular respect to the species of catecholamine transported, and other unresolved issues. PMID- 7117550 TI - ATP-activated exchange of catecholamines by isolated intact chromaffin granules. AB - Isolated chromaffin granules were found to accumulate exogenous (R)-[3H] norepinephrine at 37 C in the presence of Mg2+-ATP by a process involving one-to one exchange for endogenous epinephrine. By contrast, omission of Mg2+-ATP from the incubation medium resulted in a substantial unidirectional efflux of the endogenous epinephrine independent of external catecholamine concentrations. However, the effects of ATP on the spontaneous efflux and the exchange process were found to occur with different kinetic parameters and differential sensitivity to a stilbene disulfonate inhibitor of the granule ATPase, 4 acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid. These data lead us to conclude that ATP catalyzes bidirectional catecholamine flux across the granule membrane (not net accumulation) by an ATPase-dependent mechanism. In addition, ATP has the ability to suppress unidirectional efflux of catecholamines from granules by a mechanism independent of the ATPase or the exchange mechanism. The data also allow us to distinguish among three possible models for how these processes might be occurring. PMID- 7117551 TI - Biophysical and biochemical studies of isolated cholinergic vesicles from Torpedo marmorata. AB - Recent work on the structure and function of cholinergic synaptic vesicles isolated from the electrometer nerve terminals of Torpedo marmorata, in which lipid and protein analysis, water space and density measurements, proton and 31P NMR spectroscopy and uptake were used, is reviewed. A consistent model emerges of a vesicle with a highly hydrated core, containing acetylcholine in free solution at an approximate concentration of 0.5 M, ATP and Ca2+ at an approximate concentration of 0.2 M, and a pH of about 6.7 enclosed within a lipoprotein membrane with a fairly high (approximately 30%) water content and about five specific protein constituents. One of these is actin; another, resembling the ADP/ATP exchange carrier of mitochondria, is thought to be the ATP carrier; and a third may be a Ca2+,Mg2+-activated ATPase known to be associated with these vesicles. The vesicular ATP carrier is less specific than the mitochondrial carrier. Small amounts of glucosaminoglycan are present, the negative charges of which may have a role in binding Ca2+ and acetylcholine. Actin is the only common constituent of the vesicle and presynaptic plasma membrane, which shows that the former retains its identity through one or more cycles of exo- and endocytosis. Glycerol water space measurements show that the small, dense synaptic vesicles generated by stimulation-induced cycles of exo- and endocytosis contain less water than vesicles from unstimulated tissue. It is suggested that these changes are secondary to osmotic pressure changes in the vesicle core accompanying discharge and repletion of transmitter and ATP. PMID- 7117552 TI - Hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis: effects of dietary protein. AB - Hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis can be produced in rabbits by feeding cholesterol-free, semipurified diets containing proteins derived from animal sources, but these effects have not been observed with similar diets in which the protein is derived from plants. This difference appears to be largely caused by differences in amino acid composition of the dietary proteins. Epidemiologic data on human populations show a strong positive correlation between dietary animal proteins and mortality from cardiovascular disease. It has also been found that the level of plasma cholesterol in human subjects can be reduced significantly by substituting soybean protein for animal protein in the diet. Studies of the mechanism of action of dietary protein have shown that rabbits fed casein have a slower turnover of plasma cholesterol, excrete less neutral steroids and bile acids, and absorb cholesterol from the intestine more readily than rabbits fed soy protein in cholesterol-free, semipurified diets. The excess cholesterol in the plasma of casein-fed rabbits is carried mainly in the very low-density and intermediate-density lipoproteins. These lipoproteins also contain increased amounts of apoproteins corresponding to apo E and apo C, show differences in turnover rates compared to the corresponding lipoproteins from rabbits fed soy protein. PMID- 7117553 TI - Dietary carbohydrate and atherosclerosis. AB - Epidemiologic evidence indicated a relationship between refined sugar intake and increased serum cholesterol levels and atherosclerotic heart disease, which resulted in a series of human and animal experiments examining this relationship. Sucrose and fructose were found to be more atherogenic in rabbits and baboons when fed as part of a semipurified diet. However, serum lipid levels were not always elevated when more severe atherosclerosis was present. Human studies generally observed increases in serum triglycerides and, less consistently, serum cholesterol in response to substitution of sucrose for starch or glucose. These differences in lipid levels and experimental atherosclerosis are thought to arise from 1) increased endogenous triglyceride synthesis, present in serum as very low density lipoproteins; 2) impaired clearance of these lipoproteins; 3) slowed turnover of cholesterol into bile acids; and 4) possible changes in aortic connective tissue metabolism. PMID- 7117554 TI - Interaction of dietary amino acids with the immune response. PMID- 7117555 TI - Amino acid utilization as influenced by antibacterial and anticoccidial drugs. AB - Utilization of amino acids, sulfur-containing amino acid (SAA) in particular, is little affected by antibiotic and anticoccidial compounds. Coccidiosis (i.e., Eimeria acervulina infection) likewise seems to have little effect on SAA utilization. Copper sulfate, a commonly used antibacterial-antifungal compound (used at levels of 100-250 mg/kg diet), interacts with SAA. Hence, at upper levels of copper ingestion (i.e., 250 mg/kg and higher), copper binds SH compounds such as cysteine and reduced glutathione. Dietary SAA requirements are increased in both chicks and rats by dietary copper levels of 250 or 500 mg/kg. Hepatic copper deposition is enhanced by copper feeding and also by E. acervulina infection. These two effects, moreover, appear to be additive. The organic arsenic compound, roxarsone, interacts with SAA also, but in a different way. Thus, whereas added dietary cysteine partially ameliorates copper toxicity due to the binding of copper by cysteine-SH with subsequent excretion, roxarsone toxicity (i.e., 500 mg/kg diet) is exacerbated by supplemental cysteine. PMID- 7117557 TI - Hormonal and histological study of the luteal phase in women following aspiration of the preovulatory follicle. AB - A hormonal and histologic study of 60 luteal phases was carried out in 40 patients during spontaneous and stimulated cycles before and after follicle puncture for oocyte recovery. The duration of the luteal phase was modified neither by follicle rupture nor by hormonal stimulation. The aspiration of a spontaneous preovulatory follicle caused a temporary deficiency in plasma progesterone (P) (P less than 0.01) on the third day following aspiration, and a higher prolactin (PRL) level (P less than 0.02) on the ninth day. Dystrophia of the endometrium was observed in one-third of the cases, whereas the P level was normal. In cycles stimulated by clomiphene citrate, no P deficiency was observed. When luteinizing hormone (LH) discharge occurred spontaneously, biopsies carried out 3 days following follicle aspiration indicated a normal secretory state of the endometrium, and the P level was higher from, the sixth day following aspiration (P less than 0.05), as compared with the control cycles. This phenomenon was not observed when human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was administered. PMID- 7117556 TI - The role of lipoproteins in the regulation of progesterone secretion by the human corpus luteum. PMID- 7117558 TI - Effects of dexamethasone therapy on serum immunoglobulin levels and peripheral cell counts in women undergoing conservative benign gynecologic surgery. AB - Twenty women undergoing conservative gynecologic surgery were treated perioperatively with high-dose dexamethasone (DEX) for 72 hours. Serum immunoglobulin levels (IgG, IgM, IgA) and peripheral cell counts, including lymphocyte subpopulations, were measured in each patient during the immediate preoperative and postoperative periods as well as 5 to 8 weeks later. These results were compared with the levels of a control population of 16 women undergoing conservative, non-pregnancy-related gynecologic surgery for benign conditions. There was a decrease in the level of all serum immunoglobulins measured in the immediate postoperative period in both groups, with a greater statistical decrease in the control group (P less than 0.001). statistically significant transient alterations in the peripheral cell counts occurred in the DEX group, as compared with the control group (P less than 0.001). The use of DEX was not associated with any postoperative infectious morbidity. PMID- 7117559 TI - Stimulation of human sperm motility by relaxin. AB - Relaxin has recently been identified in human seminal plasma (SP). This investigation was undertaken to determine the effect of relaxin on sperm motility. Washed ejaculated human sperm were incubated with or without porcine relaxin. In a series of 37 normal specimens (motility greater than or equal to 60%) relaxin attenuated the decline in grade of forward progression and percentage of motile sperm. Relaxin had a similar effect on a series of 47 subfertile specimens (motility 30% to 40%). Endogenous relaxin may play a role in delaying declines of motility and grade of forward progress in ejaculated sperm. PMID- 7117560 TI - Healing and restoration of fertility following microsurgical transection and anastomosis of the rabbit oviduct. AB - The postoperative time course of healing following tubal microsurgery was examined in the rabbit by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and was correlated with changes in fertility. Groups of animals were bred or used for morphologic studies on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, and 14 after surgery. During the first 4 postoperative days, a major loss of ciliary and secretory activity occurred and was characterized by disruption of subcellular organelles. Tissue damage was restricted to within several millimeters of the anastomosis. Healing was well advanced by day 7 and was largely complete by day 14. Corresponding changes in fertility were observed. A significant decline in fertility was noted on the first postoperative day. Thereafter, fertility progressively improved and was normal by day 14. PMID- 7117561 TI - Reduced fertility in female mice exposed transplacentally to diethylstilbestrol (DES). AB - Prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES), a synthetic estrogen, has been associated with a low incidence of vaginal adenocarcinoma as well as a variety of more numerous benign abnormalities in the reproductive tract of human beings and experimental animals. For the purpose of assessing the effects of prenatal exposure to DES on postnatal reproduction tract function, timed pregnant CD-1 mice were treated subcutaneously with doses of DES ranging from 0.01 to 100 microgram/kg/day on days 9 through 16 gestation. The fertility of the female offspring was determined postnatally by a repetitive forced breeding technique. The most striking effect observed was a dose-related decrease in reproductive capacity ranging from minimal subfertility at the lower DES doses to a high frequency of total sterility at the highest DES doses. Reduced reproductive capacity appeared to be a reflection of both a decrease in the total number of litters and smaller litter sizes. A major component of the sterility seen in those females given higher doses of DES was oviductal/ovarian, since the number of ova recovered from the oviductal ampullae after induced ovulation was less than 30% that of controls. In addition, structural abnormalities of the oviduct, uterus, cervix, and vagina were observed, and contributed to infertility. These data suggest that in utero exposure to DES results in permanent impairment of female mouse reproductive capacity. Recent reports of altered pregnancy outcomes in young women who were exposed in utero to DES demonstrate the clinical importance of the findings obtained in mice. PMID- 7117562 TI - Accessory tubes: a possible contributing factor in infertility. PMID- 7117563 TI - Induction of ovulation with spironolactone . PMID- 7117564 TI - Normoprolactinemia in anovulatory cycles. PMID- 7117565 TI - Infertility as a social problem. PMID- 7117566 TI - Microsurgery and postinfectious tubal infertility. PMID- 7117567 TI - Footfalls echo in the memory. PMID- 7117568 TI - Secretion of prolactin after acute and chronic stimulation of the breast: effect of timing during the menstrual cycle. AB - The effect of acute and chronic stimulation of the breast was studied in 11 nonpostpartum women in both follicular and luteal phases of menstruation. In no subject did an increase in secretion of prolactin (PRL) result from either solitary or multiple episodes of stimulation of the breast over 24 hours. After 2 weeks of stimulation, three patients noted increased secretion; however, on rechallenge, this was found to be the result of testing in luteal versus follicular phase, rather than of the stimulation of breast itself. We concluded that breast stimulation, either acute or chronic, had no appreciable impact on secretion of PRL, but, rather, the phase of menstruation may influence basal secretion of PRL. Normal ranges may have to be recalculated to take this into account after larger numbers of women are studied. PMID- 7117569 TI - Conservative surgery for tubal pregnancy. AB - Fifty-seven conservative surgical procedures for unruptured tubal pregnancy were performed on 54 patients. Salpingotomy was performed in 44 cases and fimbrial expression of the ectopic gestation was performed in 13 cases. In this patient group, 80% of the patients (39 of 49) experienced intrauterine pregnancy following surgery and 71% (35 of 49) had a live birth. The recurrence rate of tubal pregnancy was 12%. Ninety percent of the patients with a normal contralateral tube had an intrauterine pregnancy following surgery and a 7% recurrence rate of tubal pregnancy, a ratio of 1:15. It is suggested that the indications for the conservative surgical management in patients with unruptured tubal pregnancy should be broadened to all patients interested in future pregnancies and should also be considered in those cases with normal contralateral tube. PMID- 7117570 TI - The basal body temperature chart in artificial insemination by donor pregnancy cycles. AB - The basal body temperature (BBT) charts in pregnancy cycles of 110 consecutive women who became pregnant by a single heterologous insemination were studied. The occurrence of ovulation was proved by the pregnancies in each case. All of these pregnancy charts showed a biphasic pattern, and most followed one of three stated types. The charts of 10 pregnancies that ended in miscarriage were no different from those 100 charts of pregnancies that proceeded to live births. No pregnancies occurred when artificial insemination by donor (AID) was performed before day 11 of the cycle or 2 or more days after the temperature elevation. Of 94 singleton pregnancies, 56 (60%) were male and 38 (40%) were female. This male predominance had not been noted previously. Knowledge of the appearance of a typical pregnancy chart is useful not only in the diagnosis of certain causes of infertility but also in the accurate timing of artificial insemination. Previous work on the association between the BBT chart and ovulation compared the chart with various tests of presumptive ovulation. In this series the charts were studied in ovulatory cycles proven by pregnancy. PMID- 7117571 TI - The incidence and influence of antisperm antibodies in infertile human couples on sperm-cervical mucus interactions and subsequent fertility. AB - Analysis of serum samples from 698 infertile couples revealed antisperm antibodies present in 16.5% of the men and 21.6% of the women. Overall, 31.1% of the couples possessed at least one individual with positive results. Sperm immobilized activity was detected in 29.6% of the cervical mucus (CM) samples from 459 women. Reduced sperm penetration of CM was significantly associated with serum titers of antisperm antibodies in both sexes and also with immobilizing activity in CM of women. The incidence of subsequent pregnancy in 376 infertile couples was reduced significantly if one or both partners had antisperm antibodies in serum or in genital tract secretions. The latter was reflected by evaluation of the immobilization, penetration, and shaking phenomenon of sperm in CM. PMID- 7117572 TI - Early embryonic mortality in women. AB - Measurements of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) have been used to assess early embryo loss in women. Urine samples obtained from a control group of sterilized women with normal ovulatory menstrual cycles enabled a concentration limit of 56 IU/l to be determined so that any nontrophoblastic hCG or other cross-reacting compounds could be accounted for. One hundred ninety-eight ovulatory cycles were collected from a normal population attempting to conceive. Fecundability was 22% to 27% for this population. The risk of pregnancy in exposed ovulatory cycles was 59.6%; however, 61.9% of conceptuses will be lost prior to 12 weeks. Most of these losses (91.7%) occur subclinically, without the knowledge of the mother. PMID- 7117573 TI - Circannual rhythm in human sperm count revealed by serially independent sampling. AB - Sperm concentration and total sperm counts from single semen and samples from each of 4435 patients requesting vasectomy between September 1972 and December 1977 were analyzed for circannual (about 1 year) rhythmicity. Although large temporal variations were found both between years and within years, a trend was noted for higher sperm concentration during the winter than during the summer. When the entire series of data were analyzed by months, a strong circannual pattern was apparent, with the highest sperm counts between February and March and the lowest counts during September. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a circannual rhythm in human sperm concentration and total sperm count. The data must be considered preliminary, but if confirmed by other investigators studying comparable populations, the influence on clinical investigations will be profound. PMID- 7117574 TI - Effect of isolation by albumin density gradients on ultrastructure of human spermatozoa. AB - Unlike results with glass wool filtration, based on identical criteria, no evidence was observed in this study for induced ultrastructural damage to the cell membrane and acrosome of heads of spermatozoa during isolation by the albumin density gradient technique. To the contrary, significant numbers of ultrastructurally abnormal spermatozoa were screened out of populations, as were spermatozoa with obvious light-microscopic abnormalities. There was no correlation, however, between structural abnormalities noted with light or electron microscopy and spermatozoal swimming ability. Reduced fertility with inseminated isolated spermatozoa most likely would be due to the tremendous loss (91%) of motile cells rather than cellular injury by the albumin gradient procedure. PMID- 7117575 TI - Experimental anastomosis of the rabbit fallopian tube using fibrin glue. AB - Experimental end-to-end anastomosis was performed in 20 rabbits with biologic tissue adhesive allogenic fibrinogen, after removal of 1 to 2 cm of the isthmus. A standardized insemination procedure was undertaken to achieve pregnancies in the animals upon which operations were performed. Without any intervention, the fertility rate was 80% after repeated inseminations in ten nonexperimental rabbits. After anastomosis of the fallopian tube using fibrin glue, the patency rate was 75% (30 of 40 fallopian tubes), and the subsequent pregnancy rate was 60% (12 of 20 animals). No spontaneous recanalization nor subsequent pregnancy was observed in the control group after removal. Histologic findings demonstrated mild to moderate tissue reactions, comparable to those observed when microsutures were used. PMID- 7117576 TI - Polyethylene glycol 4000 in the prevention of peritoneal adhesions. PMID- 7117577 TI - The significance of intravasal azoospermia during vasovasostomy: answer to a surgical dilemma. PMID- 7117578 TI - Private adoption. PMID- 7117579 TI - Length of Y chromosome in Klinefelter's syndrome (47,XXY) PMID- 7117580 TI - Basal body temperature. PMID- 7117581 TI - [Mechanism of the activating effect of anti-cardiac antibodies on the electrical and contractile activity of myocardial cells]. PMID- 7117582 TI - [Indices of immunity in different types of hyperlipoproteinemia]. PMID- 7117583 TI - [Role of protein synthesis in changes in bile flow in response to antihepatic antibodies]. PMID- 7117584 TI - [Autoradiographic study of the lymphocytotrophic activity of a low-molecular humoral thymic factor, LSS]. PMID- 7117585 TI - [Targets of antibodies to seminal plasma and spermatozoa following autoimmunization of male rabbits]. PMID- 7117586 TI - [Immunoglobulins of testicular antisera and their effects on effector organs]. PMID- 7117587 TI - [Immunotherapy of experimental tuberculosis in the guinea pig]. PMID- 7117588 TI - [Early reaction of target cells to the action of small doses of specific antibodies]. PMID- 7117589 TI - [Immunologic changes in the body during prolonged local exposure to cryogenic conditions]. PMID- 7117590 TI - [Hyposensitization in experimental allergic lung lesions]. PMID- 7117591 TI - [Parallel and sequential information processing in animals as functions of different hemispheres]. PMID- 7117592 TI - [Interhemispheric asymmetry of associative responses in the cat parietal cortex]. PMID- 7117593 TI - [Spatial organization of the interaction between transcallosal and thalamocortical flows of excitation]. AB - In 10 immobilized cats, the interaction between transcallosal potentials and responses to stimulation of the n. ischiadicus was studied in 85 points of the sensomotor cortex. The interaction effect of these responses is determined by their configuration in a given point as well as by time interval between them. The interaction has an obvious spatial-temporal character. Facilitating influences localized mainly in the area of overlapping of EP focuses whereas peripheral areas of the cortex were under a greater depressing effect of the transcallosal flow. The intermediate areas were subject alternately to facilitating and depressing influences. The above effects of interaction seem to reveal a modulating function of transcallosal flow which actualizes the concentration and contrasting of the excitation spreading over ascending projections. PMID- 7117594 TI - [Representation of both visual hemifields in the lateral suprasylvian region of a single hemisphere]. PMID- 7117595 TI - [Spatial organization of vestibular effects on neurons of the fastigial nucleus in the cat]. AB - Cerebellar fastigial neurons activated by stimulation of vestibular nerve and the lateral vestibular nucleus of Deiters, were studied in cats. Over 2/3 of the neurons synaptically activated by stimulation of vestibular nerve are localized in the caudal half of the fastigial nucleus. Over half of these fastigial neurons could be activated antidromically by stimulation of the contralateral Deiters nucleus. 81% of these neurons antidromically activated by stimulation of ventral region of the contralateral Deiters nucleus were distributed in the caudal half of the fastigial nucleus and the remaining 19%--in the rostral part of the nucleus. Bilateral stimulation of the dorsal part of Deiters' nucleus antidromically activated the fastigial neurons in medial and rostral regions of the nucleus. There was no fastigial neuronal projections to the ventral half of the ipsilateral Deiters' nucleus. Orthodromic action potentials could be produced by stimulation of the ipsilateral Deiters' nucleus in the neurons of rostral part of the fastigial nucleus. PMID- 7117596 TI - [Mechanism of the tetanized single response of a nerve]. PMID- 7117597 TI - [Oxygen transporting properties of the blood of lactating and non-lactating animals]. PMID- 7117598 TI - [Changes in the concentration of free amino acids in muscles during increased activity]. PMID- 7117599 TI - [Trace reactions in tissue metabolism to changes in the ambient temperature of Rana ridibunda Pall. frogs]. AB - Rather high Q10 (Q10 greater than 2) of brain and skeletal muscle tissue respiration (incubation at 13 degrees and 23 degrees C) was observed in cold (7 degrees C) and warm (23 degrees C) acclimated frogs. The transfer of animals from cold to warm environment caused a significant decrease in Q10 within 1.4-24 hrs whereas no change in Q10 followed the reverse transfer: 24-hr cooling of warm acclimated frogs. This trace reaction: the Q10 reduction of brain tissue respiration, is absent in 1 hour after the transfer to warm environment, and gradually appears within 24 hrs. In an hour after rewarming, Q10 of skeletal muscle tissues sharply increases (1.87 to 2.27), then a 6 to 18-hr plateau follows and by the 24th hour the Q10 is reduced to 1.78. These events are supposed to be based on a discordance in the time of membrane permeability and enzyme activity changes which result in cellular alterations in enzyme/substrate ratio. PMID- 7117600 TI - [Functional characteristics of neurons of the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus in the rat]. PMID- 7117601 TI - [Feasibility of increasing the sensitivity and accuracy of measurements of cardiac output by the thermodilution technic]. PMID- 7117602 TI - [Set of microelectrodes with changeable barrels for multichannel iontophoresis]. PMID- 7117603 TI - [Noise-proof intervalometer]. PMID- 7117604 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of the thermocoagulation effect upon electric stimulation]. PMID- 7117605 TI - [Use of sequential reaction meter IPR-01 to study the temporal parameters of a single muscle evoked action potential]. PMID- 7117606 TI - [Cinematographic method of studying the structure of blood flow in microvessels]. PMID- 7117607 TI - [Universal perfusion pump with electronic control]. PMID- 7117608 TI - [Method of evaluating the spatiotemporal linearity of the receptive fields of visual system neurons by their responses to moving stimuli]. PMID- 7117609 TI - [Effects of intracortical microstimulation on the muscle activity of the extremities in waking rabbits]. AB - Intracortical microstimulation (IM) revealed separate sites of motor representation (MR) for contralateral limbs in the rabbit neocortex. The site of wrist control is in the MR center surrounded by the antebrachial and brachial sites. No isolated finger responses to the IM could be obtained. A more caudal MR for the hindlimb where the IM evoked separated responses of the crus and femoral muscles, revealed no geometric regularity of organization. The minimal thresholds of IM in the brachial and antebrachial MRs reached 3-10 microA and in the crus and femoral MRs 30-200 microA. Latencies of the EMG brachial, antebrachial, crus and femoral responses were, respectively, 25-52, 24-73, 36-71 and 32-54 msec. The organization of cortical regulation of limb movements is concluded to be primitive in rabbits, particularly for hindlimbs. PMID- 7117610 TI - [Mechanism of the effect of the sympathico-adrenal system on trophic processes in the gastric and duodenal mucosa]. PMID- 7117611 TI - [Significance of limbic brain structures in the conditioned reflex activity of rabbits]. PMID- 7117612 TI - [Trophic function of vascular nerves]. AB - Ultrastructural study of the rabbit central ear artery in different periods after unilateral sympathectomy (from 2 days to 9 months) revealed that the sympathetic denervation led to obvious destructive changes in cells of all layers of the vascular wall. The earliest degenerative changes occurred in the endothelial cells, then--in the muscular sheath. The changes involve alterations of mitochondria in the endop0lasimic reticulum, destruction of contractile apparatus in the myocytes, and complete disintegration of some smooth muscle cells. After regeneration of the sympathetic nerves, a gradual restitution of the structure of vascular wall's elements occurs. PMID- 7117613 TI - [Role of the medulla oblongata in regulating the rhythmogenic function of the smooth musculature]. AB - Effect of stimulation of some medulla oblongata's areas on the spontaneous rhythmogenesis in smooth muscles of the ureter as well as on heart activity and systemic arterial blood pressure revealed certain structures in medulla oblongata with activating and inhibiting influences on motor activity of the ureter in cats. In most cases the changes in the ureter rhythmic activity were synchronous with those of systemic arterial blood pressure as well as heart activity rhythm (heart pulse). Complete cutting of the spinal cord at C1-C2 level eliminated the above changes. PMID- 7117614 TI - [Temporal characteristics of the neuronal responses of the red nucleus to somatosensory stimulation in the waking cat]. PMID- 7117615 TI - [Distribution and characteristics of the axonal collaterals of the rubrospinal neurons at the brain stem level]. AB - In acute experiments on cats, intracellular recording of antidromic APs and the collision test, analysis of correlation between the time of antidromic conduction along the axon's main stem before and after collateral branching as well as the time of conduction in collaterals themselves, revealed a tendency to synchronous arrival of rubrospinal impulses to various brain stem centers at the expense of increased conduction velocity in response to lengthened distance between the brain stem structures and the red nucleus. The data obtained is discussed in the light of sensomotor integration mechanisms and role of the red nucleus in planning and actualization of the motor act. PMID- 7117616 TI - [Role of extrapolation and dynamic stereotype in the mechanisms of the formation and improvement of adequate motor coordinations]. AB - Hardness (tonus), viscosity, bioelectric potentials, force and endurance of human muscles were studied. All these properties are subject to considerable alterations in conditions of fluctuations of muscle temperature, oxygen provision. They change permanently also in the process of dynamic work or static efforts (25, 50 and 75% of maximal strength). This is not in accordance with the mechanism of dynamic stereotype. The latter is conformed only to the succession of phases during standard movement performance. The intrinsic structure of motor activity, corresponding to the complex of active motor units, is permanently altered not only during work but in the restitution period as well. The nervous system due to its plasticity, has a high extrapolation capacity. It reacts adequately to new tasks arising with changes in the external or internal environment. Training improves extrapolation but after its cessation extrapolation becomes worse. PMID- 7117617 TI - [New data on the mechanisms of glucose transport in the small intestine based on an analysis of the role of serous-mucous flows]. AB - The transport of glucose, other monosaccharides and disaccharides in the rat small intestine has been studied under the condition of a predominance of serosal to-mucosal (SM) flows over mucosal-to-serosal (MS) ones. A dependence has been found of the efflux of glucose into the serosal solution on the duration of incubation, starting glucose concentration in the serosal solution, intestinal segment under study (proximal-distal gradient), action of glucose transport inhibitors (phlorizin, absence of Na+ in the incubation medium, anoxia) and temperature. In this paper, the hypothesis on entero-hematic circulation has been proposed, according to which recycling of glucose is one of the important manifestations of processes of microcirculation of substances between blood and the intestine. PMID- 7117618 TI - [Adaptive control of autonomic processes]. PMID- 7117619 TI - [Participation of the lateral geniculate body in the mechanisms of brain activation]. AB - In chronic experiments on cats with intact LGB, electrical stimulation of the latter (120-190 microA) caused brain activation with the same threshold as the stimulation of the mesencephalic RF or of the thalamic CM with 50-80 microA. With all but the geniculo-cortical connections of the LGB disrupted, the threshold for brain activation increased to 220-400 microA. After LGB coagulation leaving intact all optical tract connections to the superior colliculi and to the brain stem, the adequate cortical activation was only possible with very strong light flashes (250-1000 l). This suggests that the LGB participates in unspecific brain mechanisms and can induce cortical activation regulated afterwards by the cortex itself. PMID- 7117620 TI - [Heat-dependent background activity of the microganglial neurons of the enterometasympathetic section of the autonomic nervous system]. PMID- 7117621 TI - [Convergence and interaction of somatic and visceral inputs in the neurons of the ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus]. AB - Unit activity and field potentials recorded in the cat thalamic VPL nucleus in the radial and splanchnic nerves stimulations, revealed a distinct preference in localization of responses in the mediocentral and centrolateral areas of the nucleus, as well as similarities and differences in the patterns of responses to different types of stimulation. The convergence (particularly during long-latency responses) mostly occurred in the central areas. Inhibitory character of interactions between somato-visceral stimulations was more obvious during conditioned stimulation of the radial nerve. PMID- 7117622 TI - [Interrenal tissue reaction of the hypophysectomized sexually mature sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus L.) to salt exposure]. AB - To corroborate the direct influence of hypothalamic nanopeptides on the peripheral endocrine glands (the phylogenetically ancient paraadenohypophyseal pathway of regulation) under a prolonged stress as hypothesized by Polenov, sexually mature male and female sterlets, intact and hypophysectomized 4 months previously were placed into 6% NaCl solution for 10 days. An activation of the interrenal tissue occurred both in intact and hypophysectomized fish as evidenced by increased nuclear volume of the glandular cells, obvious vacuolization of their cytoplasm, appearance of mitoses and hyperemia of the interrenal tissue. These data seem to corroborate Polenov's hypothesis and confirm Orbeli's concept of phylogenetically more ancient mechanisms coming forth under pathological conditions. PMID- 7117623 TI - [Effect of a physiological load on the metabolism and phosphorylation of cell membrane proteins in the rat brain]. AB - The effect of intense motor activity (swimming) followed by signs of physiological stress, on biosynthesis and phosphorylation of membrane proteins from different brain cells (neurons, glia) and sections (cerebellum, brain stem) as well as from liver, involved a significant decrease of 14C-methionine and 32P phosphate incorporation related, probably, to inhibition of the physiological function, in all the electrophoretic fractions of proteins. In membrane proteins of cortical cells (particularly neurons), on the contrary, there was an increase of biosynthesis and phosphorylation in all the fractions. This seems to reflect an activation of cortical neurons for adaptation purposes. PMID- 7117624 TI - [Changes in neocortex function in the direct action of optical radiation]. AB - Direct action of ultraviolet radiation with wavelength of 280, 310 and 365 nm increased the amplitude of neocortex EEG and enhanced the epileptiform activity in the penicillin--induced epileptic focus, whereas action of superthreshold radiation with wavelength of 580 and 630 nm decreased the EEG amplitude and suppressed the epileptiform activity. The mechanism of ultraviolet radiation effect on the neocortical electrical activity seems to be based on changes in permeability of neuronal membranes for Na and K ions and on following depolarization of the membranes, whereas the action of visible radiation leads to the heat injuring of neurons in the irradiated area which evokes irreversible suppression of their activity and reducing of their EEG amplitude. PMID- 7117625 TI - [Total blood volume in essential and secondary hypertension]. AB - To study the role of volume factors in the pathogenesis of hypertension, total blood volume (TBV) was determined in 43 patients with essential hypertension, 10 with primary aldosteronism, 5 with Cushing's syndrome, 5 with renovascular hypertension and 23 age-matched normotensives. The radioisotope (131I) labeled plasma tracer technique was employed under conditions of constant sodium intake (200mEq/day). The TBV values obtained were expressed as % normal against the predicted values according to the formulae of Fujita and his co-workers. The results were as follows: (1) TBV was increased in patients with primary aldosteronism. (2) In essential hypertensive patients, with either normal or low plasma renin activity, TBV was normal. (3) There was no increment of TBV in patients with Cushing's syndrome. These results suggest that expanded intravascular volume plays a major role in the mechanism of hypertension with suppressed plasma renin activity in primary aldosteronism, whereas other unknown factors may be related to the causes of hypertension in patients with essential hypertension and Cushing's syndrome. PMID- 7117626 TI - Changing families and changing mobility: their impact on the central city. AB - Urban scholars and planners look to evidence of recent gains in the number of nontraditional households as a potential source of increase to the population sizes and tax bases of declining central cities. While it is now well established that substantial gains in the numbers of small, nontraditional households have occurred since the 1950s, it has not been demonstrated that: (a) these households are more likely to relocate in the city than traditional family households (husband-wife with children under 18); or (b) their cityward relocation patterns will significantly alter trends toward smaller city household populations. This paper addresses these questions by examining changes in city-suburb migration stream rates by household type over periods 1955-60, 1965-70 and 1970-75 for large metropolitan areas, and assesses their implications for potential changes in the aggregate sizes of city household populations. PMID- 7117627 TI - Estimating the emigration rates of legal immigrants using administrative and survey data: the 1971 cohort of immigrants to the United States. AB - Based on administrative and survey data as well as data-based assumptions about the bounds on alien address reporting, this study provides estimates of the lower and upper bounds for the cumulative net emigration rates, by country and area of origin, of the FY1971 cohort of legal immigrants to the United States as of January 1979. The merged data indicate that the cumulative net emigration rate for the entire cohort could have been as high as 50 percent. Canadian emigration was probably between 51 and 55 percent. Emigration rates for legal immigrants from Central America, the Caribbean (excluding Cuba), and South America were at least as high as 50 percent, and could have been as high as 70 percent. Emigration rates for Koreans and Chinese could not have exceeded 22 percent over the same period. PMID- 7117628 TI - Modelling the evolution of heterogeneity in residential mobility. AB - Migration probabilities are known to vary over the population (heterogeneity) and over time (nonstationarity). It is shown that if the heterogeneity is represented by an SB mixing distribution and the nonstationarity by a set of arbitrary logistic scaling functions, then not only may all sources of heterogeneity, including tastes, be modelled, but heterogeneity at different points in time may be readily compared. The model is calibrated using data previously published by Clark et al. (1977, 1979) for a sample of 1,176 older renters and is found to fit well. The changing heterogeneity over the ten-year period of observation is represented graphically. PMID- 7117629 TI - Race differences in age at first birth and the pace of subsequent fertility: implications for the minority group status hypothesis. AB - We examine race differences in the effects of age at first birth on the pace of subsequent fertility. If race differences in the pace of fertility persist net of age at first birth and socioeconomic variables, they will be taken as new support for the minority group status hypothesis. Data from the 1973 National Survey of Family Growth are analyzed with the finding that race differences in the pace of fertility are real, giving support to the hypothesis. Implications are drawn suggesting that the proper points at which to examine group differences in fertility are the different stages in the process which culminates in completed fertility, rather than limiting investigation to the final product. PMID- 7117630 TI - Parity-specific fertility intentions and uncertainty: the United States, 1970 to 1976. AB - A theoretical and analytic model of fertility intentions is proposed which treats "don't know" responses and other uncertain responses as distinct from more firm intentions. Methodologically, these analyses show that "don't know" responses need not be treated as missing data, but instead are both valid and meaningful responses. Furthermore, eliminating these uncertain respondents would have the negative effects of distorting across survey comparisons in intentions due to shifts in aggregate uncertainty, reducing the likelihood of accurately detecting shifts in fertility intentions, and lessening the representatives of the sample analyzed. Substantively, in conjunction with Morgan (1981), these results show that the sharp 1965-76 decline in the likelihood of intending more births at parities 2 through 5 occurred as women halted childbearing at minimal acceptable levels and postponed further childbearing. With time (or age), this delayed fertility became fertility about which the respondent was uncertain and, finally, fertility foregone. Since 1970, similar shifts are observed at parities 0 and 1, perhaps foreshadowing an increase in voluntary childlessness and one-child families. PMID- 7117631 TI - What's happening to the age at first birth in the United States? A study of recent cohorts. AB - This paper analyzes cross-cohort trends in the age pattern of women at first birth in the United States. The analysis involves fitting the Coale-McNeil marriage model to the age distribution of first birth frequencies for a number of recent white and nonwhite cohorts. Methodologically, the results (a) provide support for the application of the Coale-McNeil marriage model to first birth data, and (b) demonstrate the ability of the model to accurately project first birth fertility for cohorts which have yet to complete their childbearing years. Substantively the results indicate (a) that the proportion of women who will never have a first birth is increasing across cohorts and can be expected to be as high as .25 and .20 for recent white and nonwhite cohorts respectively; (b) that recent nonwhite cohorts have an appreciable number of first births at earlier ages than their white counterparts, as well as a lower mean age at first birth and increasingly less dispersion (across cohorts) in their age at first birth; and (c) that the mean age at first birth and the proportion of first births occurring between ages 25 and 34 is increasing across cohorts of white women but is stable across cohorts of nonwhite women. PMID- 7117632 TI - The impact of class, education, and health care on infant mortality in a developing society: the case of rural Thailand. AB - Demographic and social factors affecting infant mortality in rural northern Thailand are examined using log-linear modified multiple regression models and data drawn from a representative sample of married couples in Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai provinces. Demographic factors do not account for the effects of variations in parental ability or willingness to provide adequate infant care. The final model estimated incorporated both these social dimensions of child care. Parental ability, measured by father's social class, mother's health information, and local community development levels, continued to have significant independent effects upon infant survival. Parental willingness, measured by parent's beliefs about intergenerational wealth transfers, no longer had a significant effect net of other social variables, but infant survival was still affected by whether both parents wanted a birth. PMID- 7117633 TI - [Physical principles of compression therapy]. PMID- 7117634 TI - [Clinical results of compression therapy]. PMID- 7117635 TI - [A recent ultraviolet source]. PMID- 7117636 TI - [Is stimulated singlet oxygen involved in the PUVA therapy effect? The effect of heavy water on membrane damage and formation of free radicals after the effect of 8-MOP and UVA on human lymphocytes]. PMID- 7117637 TI - [Scaling of the ears--a leading symptom of the ichthyosis group?]. PMID- 7117638 TI - [Quantitative determination of amino acid penetration of the skin by application of collagen preparations with biological retranslators]. PMID- 7117639 TI - [Physical allergy--a contribution to summation urticaria]. PMID- 7117640 TI - [Recent possibilities of an antimycotic therapy]. PMID- 7117641 TI - Dyskeratotic process of hyperkeratosis lenticularis perstans (Flegel). The abnormal formation of cystine-rich protein. AB - The dyskeratotic changes in the lesions of hyperkeratosis lenticularis perstans were examined electron microscopically and histochemically. Under electron microscopy, the formation of keratohyalin granules was reduced and there was a lack of lamellar granule formation. In addition, the catabolic processes were disturbed, and ribosomal and mitochondrial structures remained, and lipid crystal like structures were seen in the stratum corneum. The structure of the desmosomes of the stratum corneum was identical to that seen in the stratum spinosum. Staining with thiol-specific, fluorescent reagent, N-(7-dimethylamino-4-methyl coumarinyl) maleimide (DACM) demonstrated strong fluorescence in the cytoplasm of the stratum corneum and granulosum without reduction by 2-mercaptoethanol. With reduction, moderate fluorescence was only seen at the periphery of the stratum corneum cells. These results indicate that there is a cystine-rich protein in the stratum corneum cells. PMID- 7117642 TI - Side effects due to RO 10-9359 (Tigason). A retrospective study. AB - In a retrospective study clinical and hepatotoxic side effects caused by Tigason treatment are investigated. The material consists of data on 27 patients with normal liver function tests at the beginning of treatment. The clinical side effects encountered were: dryness of lips and mucous membranes (n = 14), diffuse hair loss (n = 5), epistaxis (n = 1) and conjunctivitis (n = 1). Abnormal liver function tests (glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase) were found in 7 patients: 3 developed slight transient elevation of parameter during treatment, 2 transient elevation of more parameters, normalizing despite continued therapy in 1 and in the other normalizing after discontinuation. Finally 2 patients developed persistent elevation of one or more parameters. In the last 2 patients liver biopsy showed changes of toxic hepatitis. PMID- 7117643 TI - Eosinophilic cellulitis: a new case (with 1 color plate). PMID- 7117645 TI - Eczema herpeticum in a man of 68. PMID- 7117644 TI - [Mixed dermatophytic infection of the hairy scalp]. AB - A mixed infection induced by Microsporum canis and Trichophyton tonsurans has been observed on the scalp of a 10-year-old girl. Microscopy has shown microsporum-type endo-ectothrix parasitism on some hairs, whereas others exhibited a strictly trichophyton-type endothrix parasitism. This double parasitism was confirmed histologically (PAS coloration), and M. canis and T. tonsurans could be cultured. The infection was eradicated after 5 weeks of treatment with griseofulvin (750 mg/day per os) and local application of 1% Econazol spray solution twice a day. PMID- 7117646 TI - Psoriasis of the lips: the unusual Kobner phenomenon caused by protruding upper teeth. PMID- 7117647 TI - Tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome. Disturbed geometric relationships between hair matrix and dermal papilla in scalp hair bulbs. PMID- 7117648 TI - [Evolution of contact dermatitis factors in a population. Epidemiology 1975-1981 ]. AB - Comparative results between positive patch tests found during the periods 1968 1974 and 1975-1981 are presented. The number of sensitised patients to nickel, chromate and Peru balsam has significantly increased. On the other hand, the number of turpentine-oil-positive patch tests has strongly decreased. This mirrors the drop in the imported quantities of this product. A schema concerning factors influencing the apparent allergenicity is given. PMID- 7117649 TI - Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa and multiple squamous cell carcinomas. PMID- 7117650 TI - Granuloma annulare with follicular perforation. AB - An instance of perforating granuloma annulare was observed in a 42-year-old female patient in which the necrobiotic material in the dermis was eliminated by a hair follicle. This had previously been described by the author in only 1 other case of perforating granuloma annulare. Transepithelial elimination may occur by the transepidermal and/or transfollicular route. Both pathways are possible in perforating granuloma annulare. Some factors are discussed which may be responsible for the predominance of one route over the other in various disorders of transepithelial elimination. PMID- 7117651 TI - Relapsing polychondritis associated with mixed cryoglobulinemia. AB - The case of a patient with mixed-type cryoglobulinemia and cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis, who later suffered from relapsing polychondritis affecting the auricle and the nose, is described. To the best of our knowledge, this combination is unique. PMID- 7117652 TI - Hyalinosis cutis et mucosae. Defective digestion and storage of basal lamina glycoprotein synthesized by smooth muscle cells. AB - Electron microscopy revealed accumulation of fibrogranular materials associated with laminated basal lamina around the smooth muscle cells of tunica dartos (most strikingly) and of blood vessels, vascular endothelial cells, pericytes, myofibroblasts (not usual fibroblasts) as well as Schwann cells and perineuria. Around the presumably regressive and slightly shrunken sweat duct, a network of basal lamina containing fibrogranular materials was found in a configuration indicating that it would have surrounded the remnants of cells (involuted cells) of the sweat duct, probably consisting of old, undegradated, residual basal lamina. Consequently, it was suggested that hyalinosis cutis et mucosae might be caused by accumulation and invasion of basal lamina glycoprotein involving the type IV (plusV?) collagen into normal collagen fibers (bundles) due to defective degradation. PMID- 7117653 TI - Extemporaneous dilutions of proprietary topical corticosteroid preparations. PMID- 7117654 TI - Maternal exposure to music and fetal activity. PMID- 7117655 TI - Combination of the Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster and Klippel-Feil syndrome--a case report and literature review. PMID- 7117656 TI - Malignant melanoma of the vulva: report of 18 cases. PMID- 7117657 TI - Longitudinal vaginal septum. AB - A total of 83 women with longitudinal vaginal septum were encountered over a period of 19 yr. Of these, 47 patients had complete vaginal septum and 36 partial septum. Longitudinal vaginal septum was verified in 61 out of 168 women with uterine anomalies, mostly with uterus didelphys. Only 3 women with partial vaginal septum were found to have a normal uterine cavity. Dystocia and dyspareunia were the most common indications for excision of vaginal septa. PMID- 7117658 TI - The relative contribution of different maternal factors in large-for-gestational age pregnancies. AB - Relative and attributable risks were calculated to assess the potency of different maternal factors associated with large-for-gestational age (LGA) babies in individuals and in the population as a whole. In multiparous women the most important factor was the fast fetal growth rate demonstrated in previous pregnancies. Non-smoking also made a large contribution to the LGA population (43.65%) and the risk to individual patients was doubled. The relative risk for height steadily rose with increasing stature, but the effect was much more marked for weight. Heavy women made a considerable contribution to the LGA population (26%) and the effect of increasing weight is such that very heavy women (more than +2 SD) are nine times more likely to have an LGA baby than those of average weight. The relative risk also rose sharply with increasing parity. Nevertheless, 27.5% women in our LGA group were having their first baby. The possibility that a very obese non-smoking primiparous woman may be bearing a very large baby should not be overlooked. PMID- 7117659 TI - A new method of evaluating fetal lung maturity: the enzymatic lecithin determination in amniotic fluid. AB - The concentration of phospholipids is well suited as indicator for the prognosis of a possibly postnatal respiratory distress syndrome. The method used most frequently up to now has been the determination of the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio (L/S ratio) by thin layer chromatography. We have developed a specific assay for the quantitative determination of lecithin in amniotic fluid, which yields absolute concentration values and does not require the determination of a concentration ratio. Lecithin is hydrolized by phospholipase C and alkaline phosphatase. Choline is determined afterwards by a highly specific choline kinase from yeast. The total time required is less than 2 h. The usual lecithin concentration present in the 35th to 38th wk of gestation can be determined with a coefficient of variation of 2-3% (n=30). Fetal lung maturity can be expected at a lecithin concentration above 4.7-5.1 mg/100 ml. The method compares well with the L/S ratio. Detailed data about clinical significance will be presented. Good precision accuracy and simple handling make enzymatic lecithin determinations suitable for routine use. PMID- 7117660 TI - Detachment of posterior uterine cervical lip associated with spontaneous delivery. AB - Various forms of detachment and amputation of the uterine cervix during labor have been described as an unusual and uncommon obstetrical complication (Jeffcoate and Lister, 1952). These cases most probably are not so rare as the few papers dealing with them would suggest. Since most of these papers deal with total amputation (annular detachment) of the uterine cervix and detachment of anterior uterine cervical lip, a case of spontaneous detachment of posterior uterine cervical lip is described. PMID- 7117661 TI - Progesterone receptors in human endometrium. AB - Progesterone receptor levels were determined in the cytoplasm obtained from endometrial tissue of 21 patients. In normal women, the levels of progesterone receptors were related to the stage of the menstrual cycle with highest levels occurring in the early secretory stage. In the non-secretory endometrium 5 out of 11 patients had no detectable progesterone receptors. The absence of progesterone receptors may be related to the distribution of non-responders to progestogen therapy. PMID- 7117662 TI - Para-aortal lymph nodes dissection in 20 cases of primary epithelial ovary carcinoma stage I (Figo): influence on staging. AB - In this study 20 cases of primary epithelial ovary carcinoma stage I (Figo) were presented. In 5 cases (25%) para-aortic lymph nodes were positive, because of which their stage changed into Stage III. This shows that for correct staging of ovary carcinoma stage I, extirpation of the para-aortal glands is obligatory. It was observed that tumors on the external surface of the ovary and tumor cells in the peritoneum fluid were not related to positive para-aortal glands. The para aortic metastases were found in the tumors with a histologic grading according to Broders' classification III and IV. PMID- 7117663 TI - Motoneuron formation in the brachial spinal cord of the dystrophic chick embryo. AB - Motor neuroblasts comprising the brachial segments of the lateral motor column in the dystrophic chicken were counted at 6, 7, 9, 12, and 18 days of incubation and at 5 days' post-hatching. Comparisons with similar counts from normal chick embryos disclosed that there was a significantly greater depletion of motor neurons in normal embryos between days 9 and 12. These findings suggest that nerve-muscle interaction may be altered early in the development of the motor unit in the dystrophic chick embryo. PMID- 7117664 TI - Penetration of asbestos fibers in the visceral peritoneum of mice. A scanning electron microscopic study. AB - Mice were injected intraperitoneally with either amosite, crocidolite or chrysotile. Tissue specimens of the mesentery (appendices epiploicae) were taken after 2 h, 24 h and 7 days and prepared for scanning electron microscopy. Subsequent examination revealed numerous fibers penetrating the mesothelium. The penetration is regarded as the earliest interaction between fibers and mesothelium and is due to the asbestos' inherent needle-like structure and to visceral motility. PMID- 7117665 TI - Clonal evolution demonstrated by flow cytometric DNA analysis of a human colonic carcinoma grown in nude mice. AB - A spontaneous change in DNA content of a human colonic carcinoma grown in nude mice was observed fortuitously. The tumor initially had a G1 cell DNA content of 1.3 times that of normal cells. Flow cytometric DNA analysis showed in transplant generation 56 the appearance of a new subpopulation which in three passages completely overgrew the original population. The DNA content of the new subpopulation was twice that of the original population. The observation supports the hypothesis of clonal evolution of tumor cell populations. The growth rates of the tumor before and after the change showed no significant difference (p greater than 0.05). Cell kinetic factors, therefore, offer no obvious explanation of how the overgrowth took place. It is not known whether the original population disappeared completely or survived as a small population below the detection limit. The heterogeneity created by clonal evolution of a tumor would be less pronounced if old subpopulations often become extinct as new ones emerge. Heterogeneity of human tumors is of clinical importance because the individual subpopulations may have different sensitivity patterns to antineoplastic drugs. PMID- 7117666 TI - Function-related structural characters and their modifications in the hindgut epithelium of two terrestrial isopods, Armadillidium vulgare and Oniscus asellus. AB - Intercellular junctions of the hindgut epithelial cells of two terrestrial isopods, Armadillidium vulgare and Oniscus asellus, are described. Long septate desmosomes occupy the subluminal region while gap junctions, zonulae adherens and intercellular spaces characterize the remainder of the convoluted lateral cell borders. The specialized junctional complexes and the ultrastructural morphology of the cells indicate that the terrestrial isopod hindgut epithelium functions in transport. Using mitochondrial morphometry as an indicator of cell transport activity, it appears that the posterior hindgut of A. vulgare also participates in osmoregulation, which is not the case with O. asellus. With increased desiccation there develops a significant difference between the mitochondrial structure of the two species. The mitochondria of the former retain the active structural condition (intermediate condensed conformation) while those of the latter become swollen and damaged. PMID- 7117667 TI - The turnover profile of an enzyme. PMID- 7117668 TI - Inhibition of thrombin cleavage of fibrinogen by polyestradiol phosphate; interaction with the crucial arginine residues in fibrinogen required for enzymic cleavage. AB - 1. Polyestradiol phosphate (PEP) has been demonstrated to have inhibitory activity against hyaluronidase, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase (Ferno et al., 1958). 2. PEP has a marked inhibitory action against thrombin in the blood clotting reaction in which thrombin cleaves four fibrinopeptides from fibrinogen resulting first in the formation of monomeric fibrin and then polymeric fibrin fibrils (Baughman, 1970; Magnusson, 1970). PMID- 7117669 TI - Some characteristics of cytosol binding protein for 1 alpha,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol, 24R,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and 25 hydroxycholecalciferol in rat parotid gland. AB - 1. 1 alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-(OH)2VD3), 24R,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol (24,25-(OH)2VD3) and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25 OHVD3) binding proteins were existed in cytosol of rat parotid gland. 2. The dissociation constants of binding proteins for 1,25-(OH)2VD3, 24,25-(OH)2VD3 and 25-OHVD3 were 3.15 x 10(-9), 5.05 x 10(-9) and 6.60 x 10(9) M, respectively. 3. The mol wt and the isoelectric point (pI) of binding proteins for 1,25-(OH)2VD3, 24,25-(OH)2VD3, 24,25-(OH)2VD3 and 25-OHVD3 were the same to each other (with mol wt of 155,000 and pI of 4.87). 4. The binding specificity of 1,25-(OH)2VD3 binding protein was similar to that of 24,25-(OH)2VD3 and 25-OHVD3 binding protein. 5. The extent of loss of binding activity for 1,25-(OH)2VD3 by pronase and trypsin was much greater than that of binding activity for 24,25-(OH)2VD3 and 25-OHVD3. PMID- 7117670 TI - Isolation, purification and partial characterization of galactokinase from Chinese hamster liver. AB - 1. Galactokinase was purified from Chinese hamster liver. The purification process consisted of an initial biphasic partition separation followed by column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. DEAE-Sephadex, Sephacryl S-200 and hydroxyapatite. 2. The enzyme was stabilized during the purification procedure by the inclusion of 10% glycerol, 1 mM phosphate and 20 mM beta-mercaptoethanol in all the buffer solutions. 3. Chromatography on hydroxyapatite separated two forms of galactokinase, one of which was purified to homogeneity using gel electrophoresis. 4. The purified galactokinase has a mol. wt of approximately 60,000 as determined by SDS gel electrophoresis and molecular sieving column chromatography. 5. The pH optimum is 7.4 and the Km for galactose is 1.16 x 10( 4) M. PMID- 7117671 TI - Studies on the interaction of DNA with some 9-aminoacridine derivatives by circular dichroism. AB - 1. Circular dichroic spectra in the range 300-500 nm have been studied for the complexes of DNA with nitro-9-aminoacridine derivatives in which the nitro group was in position 1 or 2 and in which the dimethylaminoalkyl side chain varied from 2 to 5 carbon atoms. 2. The 1-nitro derivatives when bound to DNA gave a Cotton effect which was greatest with the derivative having a 5 carbon side chain. 3. In contrast no Cotton effect was observed with the 2-nitro derivative. 4. The maximum Cotton effect is observed with the 1-nitro derivatives when the concentration of 1-nitro derivatives to DNA nucleotides is about 1-6 to 1-7. 5. The nature of the binding of these derivatives to DNA is discussed. PMID- 7117672 TI - The isolation and chemical characterization of skeletal muscle microsomes from swine susceptible to malignant hyperpyrexia. AB - 1. The anaesthetic complication malignant hyperpyrexia (MH) occurs in individuals and swine with a muscle membrane abnormality. 2. In an attempt to characterize this abnormality, the lipid and protein composition of muscle membranes from MH susceptible swine was examined and compared with controls. 3. No significant abnormality in the membrane protein or lipid content of MH-susceptible muscle was detected. PMID- 7117673 TI - Effect of antiserum on leukemia L5178Y cells: [3H]thymidine incorporation does not reflect DNA synthesis. AB - 1. The total amount of DNA present in L5178Y cells treated with antiserum in the absence of complement was decreased whereas the rate of incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA during a 1 hr pulse was increased as compared with those of controls. 2. This increase in specific activity of [3H]thymidine in the DNA of antiserum-treated cells appeared to be due, at least in part, to an increase in thymidine kinase activity. PMID- 7117674 TI - Effects of alterations in energy supply on gluconeogenesis from L-lactate. AB - 1. We have examined effects, on gluconeogenesis from lactate, of altering energy metabolism in two ways: (a) by primarily lowering cytosolic ATP levels with the use of atractyloside or 2,5 anhydromannose; and (b) by decreasing mitochondrial energy generation with the use of the classical uncoupler, dinitrophenol. 2. Agents which lower cytosolic ATP inhibit gluconeogenesis and increase pyruvate kinase flux (PK) correspondingly, while pyruvate carboxylase and P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase fluxes are unchanged, at least until gluconeogenesis is inhibited by more than 50%. 3. Dinitrophenol, on the other hand, although it also induces a (smaller) increase in PK, primarily decreases gluconeogenesis by an effect on a mitochondrial step in the gluconeogenic pathway. 4. Low concentrations of dinitrophenol increase Krebs cycle oxidation by at least 50% before significant inhibition of gluconeogenesis from lactate occurs. PMID- 7117675 TI - IUDs: an appropriate contraceptive for many women. PMID- 7117676 TI - Experience with once-daily and twice-daily slow-release frusemide in hypertension. AB - Out of thirty-six patients with mild to moderate hypertension twenty-six patients completed a double-blind comparison of slow-release frusemide at two dose levels, and placebo. The two groups differed in their age pattern, baseline level of blood pressure and response to a low-salt diet during the wash-out/run-in period. Despite the lack of comparability of the two groups, firm clinical inferences could be drawn from the study. Seven of the eighteen placebo patients had to be withdrawn from further participation because of deterioration in their hypertension: in contrast, fifteen of the eighteen frusemide patients showed an anti-hypertensive response and none was withdrawn because of lack of effect. Twice-daily administration of the slow-release formulation, however, produced an unacceptable level of such side-effects as nocturia, nausea and vomiting. Once daily administration of the preparation is therefore preferred. PMID- 7117677 TI - Double-blind crossover study of nabumetone versus naproxen in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee and hip. AB - Twenty-five patients suffering from osteoarthritis (O.A.) of the hip or knee were treated with nabumetone (1 g at night) or naproxen (250 mg b.i.d.) during 4 weeks starting either with nabumetone (twelve patients) or with naproxen (thirteen patients). The results of the study were subjected to a statistical analysis which showed good efficacy for both drugs. Tolerance was better with nabumetone than with naproxen. Nabumetone (1 g at night) appeared, thus, to be a good and very well tolerated anti-inflammatory drug in the treatment of osteoarthritis. PMID- 7117678 TI - Double-blind crossover study of nabumetone versus naproxen in the treatment of osteoarthritis. AB - Twenty-one patients entered a double-blind crossover study to compare nabumetone with naproxen. After a 1-week run-in period using a coated acetylsalicylic acid preparation, ten patients received nabumetone (1 g at night) over a period of 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks on naproxen (250 mg b.i.d), while eleven patients received the same treatments in the reverse order. Morning stiffness, overall pain and night pain showed no significant difference after either treatment. A wide range of objective measurements were made relating to the hips, knees, and cervical and lumbar spine. No statistically significant differences were observed in the relatively small number of patients involved. Both treatments, however, appeared to produce a similar improvement in the patients. The physician's assessment showed that improvement occurred in a majority of the patients over the total trial period. Both drugs were considered to be equally effective and were both well tolerated. There was no special patient preference for either the first or second treatment. A total of eight patients reported side-effects, three during naproxen alone, three during both treatments, and two during the run-in period. In terms of tolerance, fifteen patients had no drug preference, six preferred nabumetone, none preferred naproxen. No evidence was found of changes in renal, hepatic or haematopoietic function with the two drugs tested. PMID- 7117679 TI - Meptazinol: a side-effect profile compared to placebo in general practice. PMID- 7117680 TI - The use of meptazinol as a premedication for surgical patients. AB - The acceptability of a mixture of meptazinol and hyoscine as a surgical premedication was compared with that of an Omnopon-hyoscine combination in a randomized, double-blind trial involving 101 surgical patients. Blood pressure and respiratory rate were significantly reduced to a similar extent by both premedicant combinations, and this may be interpreted as evidence of a satisfactory alleviation of anxiety by both test mixtures. The two mixtures produced a similar degree of sedation, and both were associated with a useful inhibition of salivary secretion. Side-effects were reported in 25% patients in the meptazinol group, and in 28% of those receiving Omnopon, although a number of these effects may be attributable to hyoscine. There was no difference in the pattern of post-operative analgesic requirements between the two groups, and no unfavourable interaction was noted with any of the anaesthetic agents used. PMID- 7117681 TI - Bioavailability study on a new slow-release formulation of ketoprofen. AB - Four healthy subjects volunteered for a crossover bioavailability study to compare the rate and extent of absorption of plain capsules and new slow-release capsules of ketoprofen. The formulations were administered in two consecutive 4 day periods at the following dose schedules: 2 x 50 mg plain capsules t.i.d. and 150 mg slow-release capsules b.i.d. The plasma levels profile of unchanged ketoprofen was assessed by GLC during the 4th day of treatment with each formulation. The absorption from slow-release capsules was slower and more sustained than from plain capsules but almost complete. The bioavailability properties of new slow-release capsules of ketoprofen appear suitable for clinical use with reduced frequency of daily dosing. PMID- 7117682 TI - A comparison of two combined iron-folic acid preparations in the prevention of anaemia in pregnancy. PMID- 7117683 TI - A study to ascertain whether hydrocortisone 17-butyrate (Locoid) 0.1% cream has any effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in children with skin diseases. AB - A study was conducted in eight children requiring topical corticosteroid treatment for dermatological disorders. The trial was carried out with hydrocortisone 17-butyrate (Locoid) 0.1% cream. The children were treated twice daily with Locoid cream applied to areas involving at least 20% of the body surface for a period of 2 to 3 weeks. Statistical analysis did not reveal any significant changes in plasma cortisol levels after treatment compared to pre treatment baseline levels. No side-effects were reported. PMID- 7117684 TI - Comparative bioavailability of a microsize and ultramicrosize griseofulvin formulation in man. AB - The bioavailability of 500 mg of a microsize formulation of griseofulvin has been compared to two new ultramicrosize griseofulvin formulations, two 165 mg tablets and a 330 mg tablet, in sixteen healthy, male, volunteers in a randomized crossover study design. Based on the griseofulvin plasma levels measured at specified times over a 48-hour period, the major bioavailability parameters (i.e., area under plasma concentration-time curve, maximum plasma concentration, and time to reach maximum plasma concentration) were determined and statistically evaluated. The results showed that one 330 mg ultramicrosize tablet is bioequivalent to two 165 mg ultramicrosize griseofulvin tablets and that either ultramicrosize griseofulvin dosage regimen is bioequivalent to 500 mg of the microsize griseofulvin formulation. PMID- 7117685 TI - Safe use of ursodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of dyspeptic symptoms in patients with chronic active hepatitis: a double-blind controlled trial. PMID- 7117686 TI - Fertility after operation for uterus bicornis. AB - Sixty-three properly selected patients with sterility due to uterus bicornis underwent operations to restore fertility, Of these 63, 12 suffered from primary sterility and 51 from secondary sterility. The 51 patients with secondary sterility had had a total of 127 pregnancies before operation. Of these 127 pregnancies, 122 ended in early or late abortion and five in premature delivery, giving 5 live births and a fetal wastage rate of 96%. Of the 63 patients, 42 became pregnant after operation. Of these 42, 14 had more than one pregnancy. The total number of pregnancies was 59. Of these, 32 went to term, 15 ended prematurely and 12 ended in abortion. The 59 pregnancies resulted in 45 live births. Fetal wastage dropped from 96% before operation to 23.7% after operation. PMID- 7117687 TI - Effect of sex, testosterone propionate and trienbolone acetate on the rate of growth and myofibrillar protein degradation in growing young rats. AB - The urinary output of N tau-methylhistidine (3-methylhistidine: 3-Mehis) was determined to evaluate the effect of testosterone propionate (TP, 1 mg/100g body weight per day) and trienbolone acetate (3-oxo-17 beta-hydroxy-4,9,11-estratriene acetate, TBA 1 mg/100g body weight per day) on the rate of myofibrillar protein breakdown in young growing intact and adrenalectomized (AdX) male and female rats. Injections were given subcutaneously for 14 days. Body weight changes were recorded daily throughout the experiment. Compared with the intact control rats, male-AdX rats had a significant (p less than 0.05) reduction in both growth and 3 Mehis output (and, therefore, a reduction in the rate of myofibrillar protein degradation). Administration of the anabolic steroids to these rats had no significant effect on growth but increased the rate of 3-Mehis output to the normal range in the case of TP, and above the normal range (p less than 0.05) in the case of TBA. However, compared with the intact female rats, female-AdX rats showed a significant (p less than 0.05) increase in 3-Mehis output. Administration of either TP or TBA to these animals significantly (p less than 0.05) increased growth and reduced 3-Mehis output. The response of myofibrillar protein degradation in AdX rats to TP or TBA administration is strongly dependent on the sex of the animals. The anabolic action of TP and TBA, especially in female rats, may be mediated through an antagonistic effect to the catabolic effects of oestrogens and glucocorticoids. PMID- 7117688 TI - Sodium thiocyanate: a probe for the conformations of the androgen-receptor complex. AB - In the presence of sodium thiocyanate (NaCNS), partially purified 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone-receptor (DHT-R) complexes extracted from normal genital skin fibroblasts (GSF) dissociate with complex (biphasic) kinetics. The rate constant of the 'fast' component and the magnitude of the 'slow' component vary with temperature (29-37 degrees C) and NaCNS concentration (0.1-0.4 M). Equimolar sodium bromide is much less effective; potassium chloride up to 1 M has no effect. DHT-R complexes from the GSF of a subject with partial androgen insensitivity (PAI) yield biphasic dissociation profiles that differ from normal and are influenced by NaCNS. Together with the temperature-dependent, first-order (monophasic) dissociative behavior of normal DHT-R complexes in the absence of NaCNS (Kaufman et al., 1982), the foregoing data have been used to construct a kinetic model involving the dissociation of DHT from 3 conformationally related forms of the androgen-receptor complex: (1) dysactivated; (2) preactivated; (3) activated. PMID- 7117690 TI - Cellular migration through the cardiac jelly matrix: a stereoanalysis by high voltage electron microscopy. PMID- 7117689 TI - Mineralocorticoid-induced membrane proteins in MDCK cells. AB - The Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line, which exhibits properties indicative of a distal tubule origin, evidently binds and responds to mineralocorticoid hormones. We investigated the effects of aldosterone and deoxycorticosterone on protein synthesis in MDCK cells grown either in medium supplemented with serum or in a hormonally defined, serum-free medium. Aldosterone induced the synthesis of at least 2 membrane proteins with molecular weights of 35000 and 14000. The MDCK line may prove a useful model system for examining the mechanism of mineralocorticoid-regulated sodium transport and, in particular, the identification and study of hormone-induced proteins in a homogeneous cell population. PMID- 7117691 TI - Inhibition of cell differentiation and cell cohesion by tunicamycin in Dictyostelium discoideum. PMID- 7117693 TI - Neuron-Schwann cell interaction in basal lamina formation. PMID- 7117692 TI - Activation of Barnea candida (Mollusca, Pelecypoda) oocytes by sperm of KCl, but not by NH4Cl, requires a calcium influx. PMID- 7117694 TI - Starfish oocyte maturation and fertilization: intracellular pH is not involved in activation. PMID- 7117695 TI - Neuronal survival in intact ciliary ganglia in vivo and in vitro: ciliary neuronotrophic factor as a target surrogate. PMID- 7117696 TI - Development of the dendritic branching pattern of the medial giant interneuron in the grasshopper embryo. PMID- 7117697 TI - Afferent innervation shapes the dendritic branching pattern of the medial giant interneuron in grasshopper embryos raised in culture. PMID- 7117698 TI - Cleavage stage mouse embryos share a common cell adhesion system with teratocarcinoma cells. PMID- 7117699 TI - Survival of isolated, fully grown mouse ovarian oocytes is strictly dependent on external Ca2+. PMID- 7117700 TI - Chick endogenous lectin enhances chondrogenesis of cultured chick limb bud cells. PMID- 7117701 TI - Development of teratomas from yolk sac of genetically sterile embryos. PMID- 7117702 TI - Minor neurodevelopmental disorders in children born to older mothers. AB - In order to test the hypothesis that rates of motor and perceptual deficits in children tend to increase with maternal age, 65 children aged five and six years born to mothers with a mean age of 39.4 years were compared with 55 age-matched children born to mothers with a mean age of 27.9 years. The hypothesis was supported in that fine-motor problems were five times more common among the children born to older mothers than among those born to younger mothers. Visuo perceptual dysfunction and attentional deficit signs also were much more common among the children of older mothers. The contribution of various associated factors to these results is discussed. PMID- 7117703 TI - Concomitants of clumsiness in young schoolchildren. AB - Teachers in four schools for normal children aged between five and eight years took part in a two-year investigation of developmental clumsiness. After a year's preliminary discussion they identified 20 children from a total of 400 who met the following criteria: (1) had poor motor co-ordination for their age and (b) whose poor motor co-ordination was affecting their schoolwork. The teachers' assessments were compared with those of a paediatric neurologist and a psychologist, and were shown to be very accurate. The group of children identified as 'clumsy' scored significantly poorly in relation to a control group on several measures of motor performance, and had a higher incidence of other educational and social problems. The heterogeneity of the group emphasised the difficulty of identifying a specific syndrome of 'clumsiness' in children. PMID- 7117704 TI - Visual, kinaesthetic and cross-modal judgements of length by normal and clumsy children. AB - The ability of normal and clumsy children to match the length of lines within and between the modalities of vision and kinesthesis was studied. The clumsy children showed perceptual impairments, as indicated by their poor performance on the visual, kinaesthetic and cross-modal judgements of length and also by their low scores on spatial subtests of the WISC. Variations in motor skill correlated with performance on the visual perceptual measures, but not with performance on the kinaesthetic or cross-modal tasks. The idea that clumsiness may be caused by an impairment of visual perception is discussed, together with some alternative interpretations of this pattern of results. PMID- 7117705 TI - Reported seizures in early childhood: a 14-year follow-up. AB - A detailed medical history is commonly regarded as a reliable means of classifying unexplained childhood losses of consciousness into diagnostic groups such as febrile seizures, epileptic attacks and breath-holding spells. The authors have tested this assumption by comparing adolescent follow-up status with the initial medical history in 56 individuals who suffered sudden losses of consciousness before age five. Only three of these 56 were epileptic when followed-up in adolescence and only two had received anticonvulsants at any time. The prognosis for 26 individuals with afebrile seizures without evidence of breath-holding syncope was not significantly worse than that for another 16 with febrile seizures. These findings indicate a good prognosis for untreated childhood seizures of a type often classified as epileptic. PMID- 7117706 TI - Joey Deacon: a suitable case for labelling? AB - Joey Deacon is a quadriplegic spastic patient resident in an institution for the mentally handicapped. He has no speech but has written his own biography. After fifty years residence a strategy was devised by which his intelligence could be assessed; it showed that had had a normal level of intelligence. The assessment strategy is described and some of the implications are discussed. PMID- 7117707 TI - Unexpected death of children with achondroplasia after the perinatal period. AB - This report describes six cases of achondroplasia, four of whom died unexpectedly in early childhood. Clinical details and pathological findings are reported. Unexpected death seems to be a feature of children with achondroplasia, and appears to be related to brain-stem lesions secondary to deformities of the foramen magnum and posterior fossa. PMID- 7117708 TI - Varus and valgus deformities of the foot in cerebral palsy. PMID- 7117709 TI - An infant with chronic, relapsing polyneuropathy responsive to steroids. AB - A seven-week-old infant presented with an acute flaccid paraparesis. Her subsequent course was punctuated by numerous exacerbations, in association with minor intercurrent illness and remissions produced by corticosteroid treatment. Postmortem examination revealed a chronic inflammatory polyradiculopathy. She represents the youngest patient yet described with a chronic, relapsing, steroid responsive polyneuropathy. PMID- 7117710 TI - Cerebral, renal and splenic lesions due to fetal anoxia and their relationship to malformations. AB - Two newborn infants who suffered severe intra-uterine anoxia a few weeks before birth are described. Both died shortly after being born spontaneously and slightly prematurely. In one case the mother had attempted suicide by inhaling butane. The infant's kidneys were hypoplastic and resembled those seen in renal dysplasia, and the brain showed a severe encephalomalacia which would probably have developed into hydranencephaly. The other case was a twin who survived the intra-uterine death of her co-twin: she had hypoplastic kidneys similar to those in the first case, and a hypoplastic spleen. (The brain was not examined.) It is thought that intra-uterine anoxia may produce lesions in fetal organs which appear at birth as congenital developmental malformations. This mechanism is thought to account in particular for some cases of renal dysplasia and for hydranencephaly. PMID- 7117712 TI - Genetics of severe congenital deafness. PMID- 7117711 TI - Heredofamilial syndrome of spastic paraplegia, dysarthria and cutaneous lesions in ive siblings. AB - Five children, three sisters and two brothers aged between three months and 12 years, are described. They all developed a facial desquamating rash of butterfly distribution at the age of about two months, and motor retardation which later was characterized by spasticity, predominantly affecting the lower limbs. The three children who were old enough for speech to be tested had dysarthria. There was no family history of neurological disease, nor was there consanguinity among the parents or grandparents. EEGs were diffusely abnormal in four of the five children, but did not show any specific or diagnostic features. Plasma immunoglobulin tests were normal, and tests for collagen disease were negative. The authors are not aware of previous reports of this condition, but believe that it is a variant of familial spastic paraplegia, with atypical features. PMID- 7117713 TI - Developmental orthopaedics. III: Toddlers. AB - The most common orthopaedic problems seen in toddlers are: (1) in-toeing due to femoral torsion, internal tibial torsion, talar torsion (persistent medial deviation of the neck of the talus), or metatarsus adductus; (2) genu valgus (bow leg) and genu varus (knock-knee); and (3) pes valgus (flat-feet). In most cases these conditions will resolve spontaneously, as has been substantiated by a number of published studies. However, a small percentage of the disorders will persist if untreated. To prevent the deformity from becoming established and irreversible, treatment must begun while the patient is still young. Therefore the orthopaedist needs objective criteria to select those children in whom the deformity is likely to persist and who thus require prompt management. If femoral torsion persists, it becomes fixed by the time the child reaches eight years of age. Surgery is the only definitive treatment which can be offered, although gait training by augmented feedback methods may result in correcting by increasing the range of external rotation of the hip. Internal tibial torsion or talar torsion usually resolve spontaneously before the children reach seven years of age. However, in 8 per cent of cases in-toeing persists; it is cosmetically objectionable in the adult. I advise simple brace treatment in infants up to the age of 18 months if the medical deviation of the foot from the mid-sagittal plane is greater than 10 degrees. Because metatarsus adductus corrects spontaneously in many cases, some authors suggest that this condition should not be treated. However, I think it is prudent to use serial plaster-casts for infants under eight months of age in whom the deformity is moderate or severe. If treatment is withheld while the patient is observed, and if spontaneous correction does not occur, the deformity will become fixed and correctable only with surgery. Genu valgus and varus correct without treatment in the majority of patients. However, some cases of genu varus appear to develop into the progressive form of the disorder, Blount's disease. When the varus femoral-tibial angle exceeds the norm for age, early treatment with the Danish night-splint appears to prevent the development of this serious disease. 'Flat foot' (pes valgus) must be defined carefully by physical and radiographic examination. Treatment and radiographic examination. Treatment might be considered only for those feet classified as pes valgus with plantar flexed talus of 50 degrees or more. For children with this disorder between the ages of two and six years, a corrective moulded plastic shoe insert may help to improve the abnormal anatomy while natural ligamentous tightening occurs. PMID- 7117714 TI - Noise-induced hearing loss and stress-prone behavior. AB - Previous research found a relationship between stress-prone personality (pattern A) and noise-induced vasoconstriction in normal-hearing adult subjects. The present research sought evidence for a possible relationship between susceptibility to high-frequency noise-induced permanent threshold shift (NIPTS) found among industrial workers and the vasoconstrictive behavior of the same workers when they were exposed to high-intensity noise. It was hypothesized that pattern A workers would show more vasoconstriction in the presence of high intensity noise, and hence more susceptibility to NIPTS, than pattern B (non stress-prone) workers. The 35 male subjects tested were divided into two groups. Group 1 contained 16 subjects who showed significant vasoconstriction in noise; group I subjects were clearly pattern A types. Group II contained 19 subjects who did not show significant vasoconstriction in noise; Group II contained mostly pattern B but a few pattern A subjects. Unexpectedly, it was the group II subjects who showed the most susceptibility to NIPTS; the difference between the means of the two groups was statistically significant (p greater than or equal to 0.001). The explanation for this unexpected finding is obscure. PMID- 7117715 TI - Personality and vascular responses as predictors of temporary threshold shifts after noise exposure. AB - The relationship among a personality measure, peripheral vascular measures, and audiometric indexes of susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss were studied. Seventy-four male human subjects were selected based upon their responses to a self-report measure of coronary-prone behaviors. Coronary-prone, nonprone, and median scores with normal hearing were included in the study. The audiometric measures were 4 kHz pure-tone thresholds, 4 kHz acoustic reflex thresholds, and thresholds of octave masking. Subjects were exposed to 5 min of either 110 dB SPL or 20 dB SPL white noise designated loud and soft noise, respectively. Temporary threshold shifts were assessed at three intervals after the noise exposure (0.25, 2, and 10 min). Blood pressure was assessed before the noise exposure. Digital and cephalic vasoconstriction were measured throughout the procedures. The results indicated that coronary-prone persons were significantly more likely to fail the pure-tone screening but did not differ from others on any additional measure. Temporary threshold shifts were negatively correlated with resting level blood pressure, vasoconstriction, and thresholds of octave masking. PMID- 7117716 TI - Practice effects of a four-talker babble on the synthetic sentence identification test. AB - This investigation was designed to : (1) collect normative data on a commercially available recording of the Synthetic Sentence Identification (SSI) test mixed with a four-talker (FT) competitor at several message-to-competition ratios (MCRs), and (2) assess the effects of practice on SSI-FT performance at each MCR. Sixteen normal-hearing subjects responded to a total of 140 sentences during four trials at MCRs ranging from -6 to +4 dB. The results showed a marked learning effect, especially at the more favorable MCRs; approximately 60 practice sentences were required to ensure stable SSI scores. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 7117717 TI - Auditory system abnormalities in human albinos. AB - Auditory abnormalities were evaluated in human albinos using temporary threshold shift and dichotic listening tasks. Albinos exhibited a greater temporary threshold shift than did normally pigmented individuals after exposure to a fatiguing tone. In the dichotic listening task, albinos demonstrated a significantly larger right ear advantage than normally pigmented individuals. These results support earlier work indicating that hemispheric asymmetries are present in a albino auditory system and suggest that abnormalities may be present at the cochlear level as well. PMID- 7117718 TI - Eye color and noise-induced hearing loss: a population study. AB - Subjects (N = 130) employed in similar noise environments were given standard audiometric threshold evaluations. Their melanin content, as inferred from their eye color, was noted. The hearing thresholds of "dark-eyed," "medium-eyed," and "light-eyed" subjects were subjected to statistical analysis. Analysis of variance revealed mean threshold differences at 4 and 6 kHz. However, no significant mean threshold differences between eye color groups were seen when mean thresholds were adjusted for years of exposure in a covariance design. It is concluded that although there is a modest relationship between eye color (melanin content) and susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss, this relationship is less apparent in populations exposed to noise levels below 110 dB (re HTL). PMID- 7117719 TI - Comparison of total harmonic distortion measures among hearing aid test systems. AB - Different types of hearing aid test equipment use different methods to calculate total harmonic distortion (THD). Comparisons of the THD measured by four commercially available systems were made by evaluating eight hearing aids, three times each. The results obtained were significantly different (p less than 0.001) among three of the test instruments. Furthermore approximately 10% of the hearing aids, which met the ANSI S3.22-1976 specifications for THD when tested with an apparatus that measures true THD, failed this measurement when evaluated on the other three systems. PMID- 7117721 TI - Gain usage based on hearing aid experience and subject age. PMID- 7117722 TI - Comment on "Judgements of hearing aid processed music". PMID- 7117720 TI - Effect of eye closure, mental concentration, and nonauditory sensory stimulation on the threshold and magnitude of the acoustic reflex. AB - Acoustic reflex threshold and magnitude were measured for normal-hearing subjects in four experiments under conditions of: (1) tight and relaxed eyelid closure; (2) eyes open and closed in light, focusing on a spot, reading, and solving a visual maze; (3) tactile stimulation; and (4) performing a mental task. Measurements were susceptance change in millimhos for a 220 Hz probe tone. A 1000 Hz pure-tone and broadband noise presented contralaterally were the stimuli. All factors affected reflex results. Eyelid closure enhanced reflex responses with tight closure involving voluntary muscle tension having a greater effect than relaxed closure. Both passive and active visual tasks suppressed the reflex. The mental task resulted in suppression of both reflex threshold and magnitude. Vibrotactile stimulation also resulted in a suppressed reflex. Changes were more pronounced with broadband noise as the reflex eliciting stimulus. Clinical implications are discussed. PMID- 7117723 TI - No evidence for linkage between HLA and maturity onset type of diabetes in young people. PMID- 7117724 TI - Plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations in diabetic patients with and without autonomic neuropathy at rest and during sympathetic stimulation. AB - Plasma concentrations of adrenaline and noradrenaline were measured radio enzymatically in nine patients with diabetic autonomic neuropathy, seven diabetic patients without autonomic neuropathy and nine normal subjects, in the recumbent position and after standing. Furthermore, in six patients with autonomic neuropathy and in the normal subjects, plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline concentrations were determined during and after cyclo-ergometer exercise. No differences in plasma adrenaline concentrations were found at any time in the study. Basal plasma noradrenaline levels were significantly lower in diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy than in the non-neuropathic diabetics or healthy control subjects. After standing, plasma noradrenaline rose to significantly higher levels in both control and diabetic subjects without neuropathy than in the patients with autonomic neuropathy. During exercise (up to 100 W load), plasma noradrenaline rose to similar levels in healthy controls and in patients with diabetic neuropathy. These data indicate that in diabetic autonomic neuropathy there is reduced peripheral neurosympathetic tone at rest but a normal response to moderate exercise. Blunted neurosympathetic responses to standing seem to be a consistent feature of diabetic autonomic neuropathy, particularly in those patients with severe postural hypotension. PMID- 7117725 TI - The effect of intensive dietary therapy on serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: a prospective study. AB - Intensive dietary therapy in 57 newly diagnosed Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients led to an increase, compared with pre-treatment levels, in serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and the HDL/total cholesterol ratio after 3 and 6 months (0.05 less than p less than 0.1). The increase in HDL cholesterol was related to the degree of weight loss achieved. In 28 patients whose weight decreased by greater than or equal to 10% average body weight during the 6 months, HDL cholesterol rose from 1.22 +/- 0.06 to 1.36 +/- 0.06 mmol/l (p less than 0.001), whereas patients who lost less weight showed no significant increase in HDL cholesterol. The increase in mean serum HDL-cholesterol levels in female patients was associated with a mean weight reduction of 12.1% average body weight. Patients who were obese at diagnosis lost more weight during the study than non-obese patients (mean 13.2 versus 5.6% average body weight), and showed a significant increase in serum HDL-cholesterol levels. We conclude that intensive dietary therapy may lead to a less atherogenic lipid profile in Type 2 diabetes, particularly in patients who achieve a major weight reduction. PMID- 7117727 TI - Acute effects of dichloroacetate in the depancreatized dog: glucose synthesis and turnover. AB - Blood glucose turnover (entry and removal rates) and the rate of recycling of radiolabelled glucose carbon into newly synthesized blood glucose have been evaluated before and acutely after the administration of dichloroacetate to depancreatized dogs. Blood glucose concentration began to decline immediately after dichloroacetate administration and fell to new steady state levels within 1.5-3 h. Analysis of blood glucose kinetics during the decline demonstrated a 52% (average) reduction in the rate of hepatic glucose supply. Glucose supply remained reduced over the duration of these studies (3-4.5 h). Glucose turnover in the steady state following dichloroacetate administration averaged 62% of pretreatment values. Cori cycle activity was depressed by 63% after dichloroacetate administration. The results of these studies are consistent with the hypothesis that a major mechanism underlying the hypoglycaemic action of this drug is the inhibition of glucose synthesis. PMID- 7117726 TI - Are the binding and degradation of low density lipoprotein altered in Type 2 (non insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus? AB - Studies in vitro have shown that glycosylation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) will decrease its ability to bind to its receptor. We have evaluated the possibility that such an event might occur in vivo in diabetes by comparing the binding and degradation by normal fibroblasts and mouse peritoneal macrophages of LDL obtained from normal control subjects and patients with Type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus. When compared with control subjects, Type 2 diabetic patients had elevated fasting glucose (increased by 160%), haemoglobin AIc (increased by 75%), triglyceride (increased by 550%), and cholesterol (increased by 48%) levels. LDL from Type 2 diabetic patients displayed populations of particles with more heterogeneous hydrated densities than LDL from control subjects, with enrichment in the triglyceride content of the lighter population. 125I-LDL from normal and Type 2 diabetic subjects bound to fibroblasts with similar binding affinities and binding capacities. The kinetics of degradation of LDL from normal and Type 2 diabetic subjects by fibroblasts were also similar. Furthermore, all populations of LDL particles from Type 2 diabetic patients were bound and degraded by normal fibroblasts in identical fashions. In addition, 125I-LDL from normal and Type 2 diabetic subjects were not bound or degraded by mouse peritoneal macrophages. It is concluded that the LDL of patients with Type 2 diabetes with moderate hyperglycaemia are not modified sufficiently to alter their normal binding and degradation by human fibroblasts or to cause their uptake by mouse peritoneal macrophages. PMID- 7117728 TI - [Non-traumatic cerebral hemorrhage]. PMID- 7117729 TI - [Glycolysis as a probe in studies on the regulation of energy metabolism]. PMID- 7117730 TI - [Electrophysiological features of auricular and ventricular conduction tissues]. PMID- 7117731 TI - [Excellence of quipazine in the characterization of serotoninergic receptors and mechanisms]. PMID- 7117732 TI - [Effects of several antidiarrheal agents on colon motility]. PMID- 7117733 TI - [Cyclic variation in the platelet count in normal persons]. PMID- 7117734 TI - [Mesencephalic arteriovenous malformation. Clinical and pathological study of a case]. PMID- 7117735 TI - [Resolution of the Secretary of Health and Welfare concerning research and ethics commissions in medical establishments]. PMID- 7117736 TI - Primary culture of preneoplastic hepatocytes from rats treated with 2 acetylaminofluorene and clofibrate: relationship between resistance to dimethylnitrosamine and responsiveness of peroxisomes. AB - Hepatocytes of 2-acetylaminofluorene-induced hyperplastic nodules of rats treated with clofibrate were transferred to primary culture after dispersion by a collagenase perfusion technique. After 48-hr treatment with dimethylnitrosamine (DMN), the resistance to the agent of the cells forming rod-shaped peroxisomes was examined. Catalase activity of the DMN-resistant cells was also determined. At concentrations of 10(-3)M and 10(-4)M DMN, the resistant cell population of hepatocytes with rod-shaped peroxisomes was larger than that of the cells without abnormal peroxisomes. On the other hand, the catalase activity of the attached cells that remained after DMN treatment decreased as the concentration of DMN was increased. The cells showing a stronger induction of the enzyme activity were found to be more sensitive to the cytotoxicity of DMN and they became detached from the culture dishes. PMID- 7117737 TI - Effect of vitamin B2 on tumorigenesis of 3-methylcholanthrene in the mouse skin. AB - Local administration of riboflavin 2',3',4',5'-tetrabutyrate (B2-But4) suppressed the induction of skin tumors in mice by 3-methylcholanthrene. The latent period for the appearance of tumors was markedly delayed in the group treated with B2 But4. These findings suggest that riboflavin might retard the process of skin tumorigenesis. PMID- 7117738 TI - Effect of oral administration of protease inhibitor [N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl 4-(4-guanidinobenzoyloxy)-phenylacetate] methanesulfate on the growth of 3 methylcholanthrene-induced carcinoma in mice. AB - Oral administration of a synthetic protease inhibitor. [N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl methyl 4-(4-guanidinobenzoyloxy)-phenylacetate] methanesulfate, was used to challenge 3-methylcholanthrene-induced carcinoma. This drug was administered 3 times daily via a stomach tube at doses of 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg in 33 mice harboring solid tumors. Oral administration of more than 50.0 mg/kg of this protease inhibitor significantly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged the survival time of cancer-harboring animals (P les than 0.05). These results indicate that oral administration of an inhibitor of kinin-forming protease has an antitumor effect on malignant tumors. PMID- 7117739 TI - Effect of phenobarbital on the development of tumors in mice treated neonatally with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea. AB - This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of phenobarbital on the development of neurogenic tumors induced in mice by neonatal administration of N ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU). A total of 185 A/He mice was divided into four groups. Continuous oral administration of phenobarbital (0.05%) in drinking water was commenced 4 weeks after birth in group I. A single injection of 40 mg/kg of ENU was given subcutaneously on the back within 24 hr after birth in group II. After neonatal injection of ENU, phenobarital was commenced 4 weeks after birth in group III. Group IV was the untreated control. The experiment was terminated 12 months after birth. The serum level of phenobarbital at the end of the experiment was 8.7 microgram/ml in group I and 7.09 microgram/ml in group III. Neurogenic tumors were induced only in groups treated with ENU. The incidence was 5.7% in group II and 10.9% in group III, though the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant. A total of 3 tumors (3.0%) was induced in the central nervous system and 5 tumors (5.1%) in the peripheral nervous system. Histologically, the former were oligodendroglioma and the latter were schwannoma. Lung tumors, lymphomas and hepatic tumors were also induced by ENU, and in male mice phenobarbital had a suppressing effect on the development of liver tumors. PMID- 7117740 TI - Spontaneous development of pilosebaceous tumors in the Japanese house musk shrew (Suncus murinus). AB - Cutaneous pilosebaceous tumors developed spontaneously in high incidence in a colony of the Japanese house musk shrew (Suncus murinus) that has been adapted to laboratory breeding. Multiple tumors of this sort developed in the scalp, back, and hip of older animals, with a marked preponderance in males. The co-presence of tumors with a wide variety of histological grading from benign to malignant in a host or in a single tumor mass was a unique feature. PMID- 7117741 TI - DNA content of pancreatic duct hyperplasia and carcinoma. AB - The DNA content of epithelial nuclei of hyperplastic and carcinomatous ducts of the pancreas was examined cytophotometrically. The materials were obtained from 2 cases of nonpapillary hyperplasia, 3 of papillary hyperplasia, 2 of atypical hyperplasia and 2 of tubular adenocarcinoma, which were selected by reviewing the pancreata of about 1,600 human autopsy cases. A gradual shift was observed in the DNA content from the normal level to a carcinomatous level through various stages of hyperplasia. Based on these findings, the hypothesis that pancreatic duct hyperplasia is a potent precursor of pancreatic carcinoma is discussed. PMID- 7117742 TI - An improved short-term culture method for human mammary epithelial cells. AB - An improved short-term culture method for human mammary epithelial cells was developed and the details are presented. Briefly, after the digestion of biopsy tissues with 0.2% collagenase solution for 16 to 18 hr, 4 consecutive fractions were obtained by differential sedimentation. The last fraction, S-4, contained organoids having alveolar- or duct-like structures and gave rise to mammary epithelial cell growth with minimal contamination of fibroblasts. PMID- 7117743 TI - Inhibitory effects of immunopotentiators on the enhancement of lung metastases induced by operative stress in rats. AB - To investigate the mechanism of tumor growth enhancement induced by operative stress, laparothoracotomy was performed on day 2 after tumor cell inoculation in rats associated with administration of various kinds of immunopotentiators. OK 432 (streptococcal preparation), PS-K (extract from mycelium of Coriolous versicolor), lentinan (extract from Lentinus edodus), levamisole and Corynebacterium parvum were administered intravenously or intraperitoneally in the fractionated form prior to or after inoculation. In general, administration of each immunopotentiator showed an inhibitory effect on the increase of lung metastases induced by laparothoracotomy. In particular, administration of lentinan prior to inoculation and that of levamisole after inoculation caused significant inhibition in the number of metastatic nodules on the lungs. The significance of the inhibitory effects is discussed. PMID- 7117744 TI - Carcinogenicities of 3-methoxy-4-aminoazobenzene, N-hydroxy-3-methoxy-4 aminoazobenzene and related azo dyes in the mouse. AB - The carcinogenicities of 2-methoxy-4-aminoazobenzene and 3-methoxy-4 aminoazobenzene (2-MeO-AAB and 3-MeO-AAB) and their N-hydroxy derivatives (N-OH-2 MeO-AAB and N-OH-3-MeO-AAB) were tested in (C3H X C57BL/6) F1 mice. Topical sc injections, twice weekly for 8 weeks, of 4 or 8 mumol of N-OH-3-MeO-AAB dissolved in 0.1 ml of olive oil containing 10% dimethyl sulfoxide induced fibrosarcomas at the site of application. Similar treatment with 3-MeO-AAB or 2-MeO-AAB as well as N-OH-2-MeO-AAB failed to induce sarcomas. Oral administration of 0.09% 3-MeO-AAB in the diet for 13 months induced hepatic tumors in female mice but not in males. 2-MeO-AAB did not induce tumors in male or female mice. The relationship between carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, the ability to induce unscheduled DNA synthesis, and the metabolism of these azo dyes is discussed. PMID- 7117745 TI - Hepatocytes with extraperoxisomal catalase in rats fed 3'-methyl-4 dimethylaminoazobenzene. AB - Histochemical and cytochemical studies were done to further characterize the preneoplastic hepatocytes with extraperoxisomal catalase (EPC-cells) that were found in the livers of rats fed 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene. Catalase activity was demonstrated cytochemically to be localized in nuclear matrices, hyaloplasm, and peroxisomal matrices of EPC-cells. It is suggested that an impairment of peroxisome formation is involved in the altered intracellular distribution of catalase. Administration of clofibrate increased the catalase activity in EPC-cells. To examine the preneoplastic nature of EPC-cells, activities of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) were examined, since changes in the activities of these enzymes have been used as markers of putative preneoplastic cells. In the present study, neither weak G6Pase activity nor positive GGT activity was considered to be a consistent feature of EPC-cells. However, available evidence suggests that EPC-cells are one of the carcinogen-induced cell populations with altered phenotypes. PMID- 7117746 TI - High uptake of 14C-labeled D-amino acids by various tumors. AB - As an extension of the previous finding that radioactivity of 14C-labeled D-amino acids after injection is localized preferentially in the tumor and the pancreas of tumor-bearing animals as compared with the corresponding L-amino acids tested, the results of similar uptake experiments using other tumors araa reported here. The present studies show high radioactivity uptake by human colon cancer, human thyroid cancer, and human leiomyosarcoma transplanted into nude mice, and by solid leukemia L1210 and solid sarcoma 180, but not by Morris hepatoma 7316A or 3'-methyl-4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene-induced rat hepatoma. The results suggest the potential utility of 11C-labeled D-amino acids for the detection of some cancers. PMID- 7117747 TI - Effect of irradiation with fast neutrons or X-rays on the incidence of metastasis of transplanted B16 melanoma in mice. AB - The effects of X-rays and fast neutrons on the incidence of metastasis of B16 melanoma were investigated. Tumors were irradiated with the iso-effect dose (380 rad of 2 MeV fast neutrons, and 1900 rad of 200 kV X-rays) for regression and regrowth of the tumor, and then were excised 3 days after irradiation. Metastasis was examined macroscopically and microscopically in all organs and tissues of mice when death occurred or after sacrifice of surviving mice at 130 days after tumor inoculation. Metastasis was found in 16 to 22% of tumor-bearing mice irrespective of whether or not the tumor had been irradiated before excision. Almost all the mice with metastasis developed pulmonary metastasis accompanied by lymphogenous spread to the thoracic lymph node. The overall incidence of metastasis in the X- or fast neutron-irradiated mice was slightly but not significantly higher than that in the control mice. Irradiation significantly enhanced the incidence of metastasis when the tumor volume was smaller than 200 mm3, but not when the tumor volume was larger than 200 mm3. The incidence of metastasis was significantly enhanced in mice with tumors invading the muscle. The metastasis-enhancing effect of irradiation was noticeably greater with X irradiation than with fast neutron irradiation in mice with localized tumors of B16 melanoma, whereas in mice with invasive tumors the effects were similar. PMID- 7117748 TI - Carcinogenicities of 1-ethyl- and 1-amyl-1-nitrosourethans in female donryu rats: dose-effect relations. AB - Groups of female Donryu rats were given solutions of 100, 50, and 25 ppm of 1 ethyl-1-nitrosourethan (ENUR), and of 400, 200, and 100 ppm of 1-amyl-1 nitrosourethan (ANUR) continuously in the drinking water. The incidence of tumors was nearly 100% in all groups treated with ENUR or ANUR, but with both chemicals the rats showed dose-dependent mean survival times. In the groups treated with ENUR, tumors were most frequent in the upper digestive tract and duodenum, whereas in groups given ANUR tumors were induced only in the upper digestive tract, with none in the duodenum. Tumors of the forestomach were more frequent than those of the esophagus and oral cavity and/or pharynx in groups treated with ENUR. In contrast, the target organs of ANUR were the oral cavity and/or pharynx, and the esophagus, rather than the forestomach. The carcinogenicities of these two chemicals are discussed in comparison with those of other 1-alkyl-1 nitrosourethans. PMID- 7117749 TI - Biochemical characteristics of a 5-fluorouracil-resistant subline of P388 leukemia. AB - A 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-resistant cell line of P388 mouse leukemia was established by intraperitoneal treatment with the drug. The activities of enzymes responsible for the formation of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate and 5 fluorouridine 5'-monophosphate from 5-FU, the quantities of 5-FU metabolites, and the permeability to 5-FU were determined in both the 5-FU-sensitive and the resistant cell lines. It was found that the activities of uridine kinase and uracil phosphoribosyltransferase, the initial uptake of 5-FU, and the intracellular levels of 5-FU-nucleotides were all decreased in the resistant cells. However, the initial uptake of 5-FU into cells preincubated with KCN was the same in the sensitive and the resistant cells. These results support the view that the ineffectiveness of 5-FU against the resistant cell line of P388 leukemia can be attributed to decreases in the activities of enzymes responsible for the formation of 5-FU-nucleotides and probably also decreased transport of 5-FU in the resistant cells. PMID- 7117750 TI - Region-specific patterns of mucin reaction demonstrated by paradoxical concanavalin A-staining in normal colonic epithelium and in colorectal cancers induced in rats by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. AB - The histochemistry of mucin in normal large intestine and in experimental colorectal cancers induced in Wistar rats with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine was analyzed by modifications of the concanavalin A-horseradish peroxidase method (paradoxical concanavalin A-staining) and high-iron diamine-Alcian blue (pH 2.5) staining (HID AB). Quantitative analysis of each mucin reaction was done by the use of an image analyzer. Regional variations in the percentage area of "labile class III mucin" were 1 to 50% in the distal colon and 50 to 90% in the proximal colon. Regional variations in the percentage area of sulfated sialomucin were 80 approximately 100% in the distal colon and under 20% in the proximal colon. The percentage area of "labile class III mucin" in primary colorectal cancers showed region-specific variation and that in metastatic colorectal cancers also showed similar region specific variation of colorectal mucosa where primary tumors were located. In contrast, there were no region-specific mucin reactions for sulfated sialomucin in almost all primary and metastatic colorectal cancers. PMID- 7117751 TI - Determination of carboquone in plasma and ascites by high performance liquid chromatography after intravenous and intraperitoneal administration in man. AB - A new method for the determination of carboquone (CQ) in human plasma and ascites by high performance liquid chromatography has been developed. The method is sensitive enough to determine levels as low as 1.0 ng per 1.0 ml of plasma or ascites. The average recovery of CQ from these samples was 89.3 +/- 0.9% (n = 5, mean +/- SD). The method consists of 2 steps, 1) extracting CQ from human body fluids with chloroform and 2) quantization of CQ by chromatography using a mu Bondapak C18 column, monitored at 340 nm, 2,5-Diethyleneimino-3,6 dimethylbenzoquinone was used as the internal standard. Using this analytical method, the concentration-time profiles of CQ in human body fluids after intravenous and intraperitoneal administrations were obtained. It was recognized that intraperitoneal administration of CQ was advantagenous for the treatment of peritonitis carcinomatosa since an effective concentration could be maintained in ascites for about 6 hr. PMID- 7117753 TI - Enhanced tumor metastases in rats following cryosurgery of primary tumor. AB - The incidence of tumor metastases was studied in WKA/Hok rats after cryosurgery and surgical excision of primary tumors. When rats with syngeneic fibrosarcoma, KMT-17, were treated by cryosurgery 5 days after transplantation of the tumor, 15 out of 31 rats (48.4%) died with tumor metastases. In contrast only 4 out of 34 (11.8%) died with tumor metastasis after surgical excision. Because tumor cells either in the regional lymph nodes or in the peripheral blood were already detectable in about half of the rats treated by either cryosurgery or surgical excision, mechanical and physical control of enhanced metastasis by cryosurgery is ruled out. The development of anti-tumor immunity was delayed in the rats treated by cryosurgery as compared with that in rats treated by surgical excision. This was investigated by means of Winn's assay. A marked reduction of tumor metastasis was seen after the surgical removal of cryonecrotized tumor tissue, while implantations of cryonecrotized tumor tissue into the rats treated by surgical excision resulted in an increment of metastasis. The mechanism of the enhanced metastasis observed in this experimental investigation is discussed from an immunological point of view. PMID- 7117752 TI - Inhibition of metabolic cooperation in Chinese hamster cells by organochlorine pesticides. AB - Effects of organochlorine pesticides on the metabolic cooperation in the hypoxanthine-guanine-phosphoribosyl-transferase system using wild-type 6 thioguanine-sensitive V79 cells and variant 6-thioguanine-resistant cells were surveyed. The metabolic cooperation was inhibited by 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (TDE), 1,1,1-trichloro-2-(o-chlorophenyl)-2-(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (o,p'-DDT), 1,1,1 trichloro-2,2-bis(p-methoxyphenyl)ethane (methoxychlor), aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, alpha-isomer of benzene hexachloride (alpha-BHC), and gamma BHC, but not beta-BHC. The present results suggest that the pesticides which inhibited the metabolic cooperation may be tumor promoters. PMID- 7117755 TI - Purification of cell line-specific transplantation antigens from mouse ascites tumor cells. AB - Tumor-specific transplantation antigens unique to each of MM2, MM46 and Ehrlich mouse ascites tumor cells (cell line-specific antigens) were released from the cells into the medium during incubation in 0.12M saline at 37 degrees for 30 min. The released antigens were purified by identical procedures which consisted of ultracentrifugation, affinity chromatography using Sepharose 4B conjugated with Ricinus communis lectin, and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The recovery was about 700 micrograms (protein) from 100 g (wet weight) cells. The recovered materials induced specific immunity in C3H/He mice against transplantation of the corresponding tumor cells only when they were administered after treatment with the corresponding tumor-regressor C3H/He mouse serum. Single injection into the peritoneal cavity of 10 mcrograms of each of the pretreated materials inhibited transplantation of 5 x 10(3) corresponding tumor cells. Spleen cells from mice immunized by repeated injections of the pretreated antigen neutralized transplantability of the tumor cells. Specific humoral antibody was also detected. The specific antigens obtained from these cells were similar to each other with respect to sedimentation coefficient (16S), electrophoretic characteristics and xenogeneic antigenicity, and were free of beta-2 microglobulin, murine leukemia virus major structural proteins such as gp70 or p30 and murine mammary tumor virus proteins such as gp55 and p28. PMID- 7117756 TI - Conformation change of DNA induced by 6-oxybenzo[a]pyrene radical. AB - The interaction of 6-oxybenzo[a]pyrene radical with DNA in 50% methanol solution was studied in order to determine whether the radical molecule influences DNA conformation. The mode of the interaction of 6-oxybenzo[a]pyrene radical with DNA differed from that of other benzo[a]pyrene derivatives such as 6 hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene, diol-epoxides, etc. The physical binding of the radical molecule to DNA seemed to be transient. This physical binding is most likely due to adsorption at the external surface of DNA, i.e., simply contact in character. It is likely that the local base-pairs are tilted by the contact due to hydrophobic interactions. Furthermore, it is concluded that the covalently bound radical molecule, which is mainly introduced on guanine base, induces a twist of the base plane with respect to other base planes. PMID- 7117754 TI - Effects of BCG and cyclophosphamide on the spontaneous and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity of peritoneal and spleen lymphocytes of ACI/N rats. AB - The effects of BCG and cyclophosphamide on the antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and natural killer (NK) activity of spleen and peritoneal lymphocytes were serially examined after treatment. The changes of ADCC and NK activity were different in peritoneal and spleen lymphocytes according to the route and timing of administration. The decrease of NK activity induced by cyclophosphamide is not marked, and the degree of decrease depends on the timing of cyclophosphamide administration. The ADCC and NK activity of peritoneal lymphocytes after intravenous BCG administration were elevated 7 days after treatment, but the NK activity of spleen lymphocytes was decreased. On the other hand, the NK activities of peritoneal and spleen lymphocytes were elevated in rats given intraperitoneal BCG. Spleen lymphocytes and peritoneal lymphocytes from rats given intravenous BCG suppressed tumor growth in the Winn test during the early tumor-bearing stage. The spleen lymphocytes with low NK activity in rats given intravenous BCG strongly suppressed the NK activity of normal spleen lymphocytes. PMID- 7117757 TI - Induction and characterization of gastro-duodenal lesions in mice given continuous oral administration of hydrogen peroxide. AB - The tumorigenicity of hydrogen peroxide (HP) was examined by administering 0.4% HP solution in drinking water to various strains of mice. In C57BL mice, gastric lesions in the forestomach occurred in over 67% of the mice treated with HP for 120 days and duodenal lesions were noted in over 80% of the mice that received HP for 60 days. Gastric lesions were found only in the glandular stomach and duodenal lesions were restricted to the peri-pyloric and proximal part of the duodenum. The lesions in both organs were often multiple. The gastric lesions were composed of erosion and hyperplasia and those in the duodenum were exclusively hyperplasia. In mice given 0.4% and 0.1% HP for 420 to 740 days, 5 and 1% of them, respectively, had duodenal cancer by histological criteria though they did not show any distant metastasis. In the control group, no cancer was noted in the same observation period. The incidence and average numbers of lesions in both the stomach and duodenum after 150 to 210 days of HP intake decreased or fell to zero if HP administration was interrupted for 10 to 30 days. In DBA and BALB mice given 0.4% HP for 90 to 210 days, the incidences of gastric lesions reached 30 and 10% at maximum, respectively, and the incidences of duodenal lesions were 60 to 100% and 40 to 69%, respectively. PMID- 7117758 TI - Strain differences of tumorigenic effect of neonatally administered N-ethyl-N nitrosourea in rats. AB - The tumorigenicity of neonatally administered N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) was studied in four different inbred strain rats, that is Wistar/Furth (WF), Long Evans (LE), F1 of Wistar/Furth and Long-Evans (F1) and Fischer 344 (F344) rats. All strains developed tumors of the nervous system with high incidence (97-100%) during 6 months of observation. The incidence of tumor of the central nervous system, including the brain (82-88%) and the spinal cord (53-76%), was high in all strains, but that of the peripheral nervous system, including the cranial nerve (21-89%) and the spinal root (13-93%), differed by strain. The peripheral nervous system of WF and F344 rats had a low susceptibility to the tumorigenic effect of ENU, but that of LE rats had a high susceptibility. Many brain tumors were induced in the temporal and frontal cortex and subcortex in all strains of rats. Spinal cord tumors were observed at all levels of the white matter of the spinal cord without any predilection site. Spinal root tumors were located in lumbosacral plexuses in WF and F344 rats, but in LE and F1 rats cervical and thoracic root tumors were also observed. Histological examination revealed that most of the brain and spinal cord tumors were oligodendroglioma, but in F344 rats about half of the brain tumors were mixed glioma. Epidermoid cysts of the lumbar spinal cord were observed only in F344 rats. Tumors of the peripheral nervous system were so-called anaplastic schwannoma. PMID- 7117759 TI - Induction of squamous cell carcinoma in the forestomach of F344 rats treated with butylated hydroxyanisole. PMID- 7117760 TI - Induction of renal cell tumors in F-344 rats by oral administration of potassium bromate, a food additive. PMID- 7117761 TI - [Does hepatitis B virus play a role in the genesis of hepatic diseases in the alcoholic?]. PMID- 7117762 TI - [Encephalopathy after portacaval shunt: diagnostic and predictive values of the electroencephalographic response after diazepam administration]. PMID- 7117763 TI - [Giant hemangiomas of the liver]. PMID- 7117764 TI - [Hepatonephritis and hepatitis due to fraudulent trichlorethylene]. PMID- 7117765 TI - [Pathogenesis of celiac disease: contribution of organ culture of intestinal mucosa in the study of gluten toxicity]. PMID- 7117766 TI - [Is the classical protocol of the double Schilling test always suited to the diagnosis of intestinal malabsorption of vitamin B12? Importance of hydrochloric acid-pepsin secretion and the administered form of the vitamin]. PMID- 7117767 TI - [In vitro intestinal cytotoxicity of various fractions from gliadin or cows's milk proteins in children: quantitative assessment by a morphometric method]. PMID- 7117769 TI - [Rectal absorption of medium chain triacylglycerols in humans]. PMID- 7117768 TI - [Influence of intrinsic factor deficiency on malabsorption of vitamin B12 bound to proteins in achlorhydria]. PMID- 7117772 TI - [Cholestatic jaundice associated with ingestion of ticlopidine: apropos of the first 2 cases]. PMID- 7117770 TI - [Acute hepatitis caused by erythromycin propionate]. PMID- 7117771 TI - [Hepatic hematoma following hepatic puncture biopsy: mechanism demonstrated by echotomography]. PMID- 7117773 TI - [Weber-Christian syndrome and pancreatic cancer]. PMID- 7117774 TI - [Does collagenous sprue exist?]. PMID- 7117775 TI - [Lipomatosis of Bauhin's valve]. PMID- 7117776 TI - Pancreatic function tests in tropical sprue is pancreas involved? AB - Pancreatic functions were studied in 15 patients with tropical sprue. The diagnosis of tropical sprue was made on accepted criteria of demonstrating malabsorption of at least two unrelated food substances in the absence of any other cause for malabsorption in patients residing in a tropical zone. Exogenous secretion (Boots) in a dose of one clinical unit per kg was employed for direct stimulation of exocrine pancreatic secretion. Of the 15 patients, 12 showed normal pancreatic functions. In two patients, volume output was marginally low i.e. 1.6 and 1.6 ml/kg/hr respectively (Normal value greater than 1.8 ml/kg/hr). In the third patient, volume output was normal but maximum bicarbonate concentration in pancreatic juice was 61.6 mEq/litre (Normal value greater than 80 mEq/litre). None of these three patients, however, had abnormalities in both the parameters of exocrine pancreatic function. Although pancreatic hyposecretion has been reported in patient with tropical sprue when indirect stimulation with Lundh meal was applied to pancreas, yet on direct stimulation with secretin, we found pancreatic functions to be normal. It is therefore concluded that the pancreas is not primarily involved in tropical sprue. PMID- 7117777 TI - Hypertrophic and hypoactive smooth endoplasmic reticulum in hepatocytes uremic patients. A morphometric and biochemical study. AB - Morphometric analysis of the hepatic endoplasmic reticulum and assays of drug metabolizing enzymes in microsomes prepared from needle biopsy specimens were performed with samples from uremic patients on chronic hemodialysis and normal controls. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) morphometrically increased in the uremic patients, whereas the cytochrome P-450 content and the activity of p nitroanisole O-demethylase per mg microsomal protein decreased in the uremic patients. This condition of SER corresponds to that of the so-called hypoactive hypertrophic smooth endoplasmic reticulum, which could suggest lower activity of hepatic microsomal drug oxidation in uremic patients. On the other hand, the P 450 content and the activity of p-nitroanisole O-demethylase per g liver were not significantly different between the uremic and the normal subjects. This seems to indicate that the capacity of drug oxidation is retained in whole livers of uremic patients. However, since some patients in this study showed markedly low activity of p-nitroanisole O-demethylase per mg microsomal protein and per g liver, lipophilic drugs metabolized in the liver as well as hydrophilic ones eliminated by the kidney should be carefully administered to uremic patients. PMID- 7117778 TI - Metal contents in duodenal aspirates of normal subjects during pancreozymin secretin test. AB - The calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper and manganese concentrations in the duodenal aspirates obtained during pancreozymin-secretin tests were measured in 16 normal subjects. Total outputs of calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper and manganese during the 70 minute period (10 minutes after pancreozymin injection and 60 minutes after secretin injection) were 4.91 +/- 3.47 mg, 1.88 +/- 0.96 mg, 180 +/- 42 micrograms, 162 +/- 104 micrograms and 16.9 +/- 14.2 micrograms (mean +/- S.D.), respectively. The concentrations of metals were the highest in P fraction (during 10 minutes after pancreozymin injection) and the lowest is S3 fraction (during the 20-40 minute period after secretin injection). Although calcium, magnesium, copper and manganese concentrations varied widely from case to case especially in P fraction, zinc concentration exhibited comparatively small variation in every fraction. Magnesium, copper and manganese concentrations exhibited significant correlations with icterus indices of the aspirates. Zinc and magnesium concentrations correlated with amylase activity and magnesium concentration exhibited an inverse relation to bicarbonate concentration. Most metal concentrations correlated well each other, but there were no correlations between zinc and calcium and between zinc and manganese concentrations. Zinc seemed to be excreted mainly with pancreatic juice and copper and manganese mainly with bile. PMID- 7117779 TI - Ulcer associated and nonspecific duodenitis treatment by cimetidine. AB - Of a total of 230 patients subjected to endoscopy for various reasons 16 were found to have duodenal ulcer and duodenitis (group A) and 16 duodenitis but without an ulcer (group B). Duodenal mucosal biopsy was done in both groups and histological confirmation of duodenitis was noted in 9 of the group A and in 10 of group B. Endoscopy after short-term cimetidine treatment in group A patients revealed ulcer healing in 87.5 percent and improvement of duodenitis in 50 percent. In group B the duodenitis improved endoscopically in 43.7 percent. Histology confirmed the improvement of duodenitis in 31.2 percent and 18.7 percent for groups A and B respectively. These differences were not statistically significant. It is concluded that endoscopic duodenitis is not always confirmed histologically and that cimetidine is effective in a proportion of patients with duodenitis in the presence or not of an ulcer. PMID- 7117780 TI - Characteristics change in serum amino acid levels in different types of hepatic encephalopathy. AB - Serum amino acid patterns in patients with different types of hepatic encephalopathy were investigated. Marked elevations in most of serum amino acids observed in untreated patients with acute type of fulminant hepatitis were not remarkable in the patients who have already treated; particularly branched chain amino acids (BCAA), phenylalanine and tyrosine were much lower in the latter group. However, elevation of serum methionine levels and lower ratio of BCAA/(phenylalanine + tyrosine) were similarly observed in both groups. In encephalopathic patients with decompensated cirrhosis, many amino acids such as phenylalanine, tyrosine and methionine were elevated with a slight depressed levels of serum BCAA. Highly significant decrease in serum BCAA levels and no elevation of phenylalanine and methionine with a minimal increase of tyrosine were observed in patients with chronic type of hepatic encephalopathy; other amino acids except for glutamine and arginine were much lower as compared to those in decompensated cirrhotics and even to the control values. PMID- 7117781 TI - Significance of circulating HBs antigen-antibody immune complexes in patients with HBs antigen-positive liver disease. AB - The nature of circulating immune complexes (CIC) which appear in patients with type B hepatitis was investigated using a method of Raji cell fluorescent immunoassay. CIC were found in seventeen of thirty-five cases (48.6%) with HBs antigen (HBsAg)-positive liver diseases (4/8 cases with acute hepatitis, 9/18 cases with chronic hepatitis, and 4/9 cases with liver cirrhosis), whereas no CIC were detectable in sera of ten asymptomatic, healthy carriers with HB virus. Among the seventeen cases with CIC-positive liver diseases, HBs antigen-antibody immune complexes (HBsIC) were demonstrated in eleven (65%). A high incidence (54%) of proteinuria was observed in patients with CIC-positive liver disease compared to those without them (10%). Moreover, 83% of patients with HBsIC were associated with proteinuria. A case of fulminant type B hepatitis showed high titers of both CIC and HBsIC during the acute phase of the disease; in the recovery stage, the titers decreased to within normal ranges. These results demonstrate that HBsAg is a possible antigen in CIC during type B hepatitis. Determination of serum HBsIC is significant for the clinical evaluation of HB virus-related liver diseases. PMID- 7117782 TI - Hospitalization and mortality rates for peptic ulcers: a comparison of a large health maintenance organization and United States data. AB - Hospital discharge and mortality rates for peptic ulcer disease from 1970-1980 for a large Health Maintenance Organization, the Kaiser-Permanente Medical Care Program of Southern California, are compared with the corresponding rates for the United States. The Kaiser-Permanente Medical Care Program hospitalization and mortality age-adjusted rates for ulcers are well below the national rates. In comparison with the 25%-31% decline in the national ulcer hospitalization rate, the Kaiser-Permanente Medical Care Program rate has been relatively stable. Most of the decline in national ulcer hospitalizations is due to a decrease in hospitalizations for uncomplicated cases. The Kaiser-Permanente Medical Care Program uncomplicated hospitalization rates are less than 25% of the national rate after age-adjustment and have been relatively stable over time. The age adjusted Kaiser-Permanente Medical Care Program rates for ulcers with hemorrhages and perforations are 77% of the national data. These data suggest that part of the decline in national hospitalization rates for peptic ulcer disease may be due to changes in medical management and hospitalization criteria. In addition, this study supports the results of other studies which show that hospitalization rates are lower in Health Maintenance Organizations than in non-Health Maintenance Organizations with no apparent adverse impact on outcome. PMID- 7117783 TI - Abnormal oral glucose tolerance and glucose malabsorption after vagotomy and pyloroplasty. A tracer method for measuring glucose absorption rates. AB - The mechanisms underlying the abnormal glucose tolerance in patients who had undergone vagotomy and pyloroplasty were investigated by measuring the rates of absorption of ingested glucose and the clearance rate of glucose using tracer methods. These methods are based on labeling a 100-g oral glucose load with [1 14C]glucose and measuring glucose clearance using plasma levels of infused [3 3H]glucose. The rate of appearance of both ingested and total glucose is then calculated continuously using a two-compartment model of glucose kinetics. It was found that about 30% of the ingested glucose (100 g) failed to appear in the systemic circulation. That this was due to malabsorption was confirmed using breath-hydrogen analysis. The absorption period is short (101 +/- 11 min) compared with normal values but the clearance of glucose is identical to that in control subjects, and it peaks 132 +/- 7 min after glucose loading. The peak plasma insulin values were more than four times higher in patients than in normal subjects, and this may afford an explanation of rates of glucose clearance that are inappropriate for the short absorption period. The combination of glucose malabsorption and this clearance pattern could yield the hypoglycemia that may be observed in patients after gastric surgery. PMID- 7117784 TI - Esophageal potential difference measurements in esophageal disease. AB - To determine if esophageal transmural electrical potential difference measurements are of use for evaluating esophageal disease, we recorded potential difference in 129 patients with one or more of the following: heartburn, dysphagia, and chest pain. All potential difference studies were performed at the time of esophageal manometry using a Ringer-perfused catheter technique which yields accurate and reproducible results in healthy subjects. In 103 of the 129 patients, esophageal potential difference measurements could be correlated with findings at manometry, endoscopy, and biopsy. The remaining 26 patients had primary esophageal motor disease and were not biopsied. The results of this investigation showed: (a) that 94% of patients with gross endoscopic lesions have an abnormal esophageal potential difference, (b) that an abnormal esophageal potential difference (found in only 1 of 24 patients with normal mucosa) is highly specific for the presence of esophageal mucosal disease, (c) that the type of potential difference abnormality may suggest the nature of the mucosal abnormality, for example high potential difference with Barrett's esophagus and low potential difference with esophagitis or invasive carcinoma, and (d) that while an abnormal esophageal potential difference is highly sensitive for detecting gross esophagitis (38 of 40 patients), it is less sensitive for diagnosing microscopic esophagitis (8 of 16 patients). Based on these findings we conclude that the measurement of esophageal potential difference at the time of manometry can provide additional valuable information about the state of the esophageal mucosa. PMID- 7117785 TI - Anatomy of the myenteric plexus of the opossum esophagus. AB - Silver-impregnated stretch preparations of the opossum esophageal body and lower esophageal sphincter were compared as to the general aspect of the plexus, density of perikarya and ganglia, type and size of ganglia, nerve bundle diameter, density of nerve bundle intersections, and relations between ganglia and nerve bundle intersections. Density of perikarya and ganglia, but not density of nerve bundle intersections, declined along the esophagus, with a nadir at the sphincter. The proximal body contained 960-1358 perikarya/cm2 and the sphincter, 70-333 perikarya/cm2. Ganglia contained 3-100 cells, 54% having less than 10. Many small ganglia lay outside nerve bundles (parafascicular ganglia), the proportion being greatest in the sphincter (25%-54%). Many ganglia (15%-22%) were remote from nerve bundle intersections and many intersections were remote from ganglia, 28%-35% in the body and 66%-69% in the sphincter. Nerve bundle diameter was a single population with a skewed distribution; the mode was about 0.1 mm. PMID- 7117786 TI - Reassessment of gastric acid inhibition by cholecystokinin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide in dogs. AB - The inhibition of gastrin 17-stimulated acid secretion by a partially purified cholecystokinin preparation (PcB) containing 1.2% cholecystokinin and 0.7% gastric inhibitory polypeptide immunoreactivity was compared with the inhibition produced by immunopurified cholecystokinin, cholecystokinin-depleted PcB, and gastric inhibitory polypeptide in 6 dogs with gastric fistulas. The dose-response curves for PcB and "pure" cholecystokinin were parallel and relative inhibitory potency of the pure peptide was 1.2. Dose-response curves of gastric inhibitory polypeptide and cholecystokinin-depleted PcB were similar, nonparallel to cholecystokinin dose response, and demonstrated potency significantly lower than that of PcB. When prepared without human albumin there were significantly higher losses of cholecystokinin-immunoreactivity by nonspecific adsorption from pure cholecystokinin solutions compared with PcB solutions. We conclude that inhibition of gastrin-stimulated acid secretion by partially pure cholecystokinin preparations can be explained by their cholecystokinin content and that previously reported differences in inhibitory potencies may be explained by nonspecific adsorption to glass from protein-free solutions. PMID- 7117787 TI - Evidence for cholera secretion emanating from the crypts. A study of villus tissue osmolality and fluid and electrolyte transport in the small intestine of the cat. AB - Villus tissue osmolality and fluid and electrolyte transport were measured in intestinal segments exposed to cholera toxin. The osmolality of the luminal fluid was kept at about 100, 300, or 600 mOsm X kg-1 by use of appropriate concentrations of mannitol. A net fluid secretion was seen in all experiments, the magnitude being dependent on the osmolality in the lumen. A secretion of sodium, potassium, and chloride was also seen in all experiments but the secretion rate of electrolytes was independent of the osmolality in the intestinal lumen. The hydraulic conductivity of the villus epithelium, calculated from the lumen and tissue osmolality, was the same as that estimated in the normal intestines. A villus tissue osmolality gradient was apparent in all experiments regardless of the mannitol concentration in the lumen, the tip osmolality being hypertonic while the tissue osmolality at the base was isotonic. This was the case also when the luminal fluid was hypotonic, a finding opposite to what we found in an earlier study on the normal feline intestine. A likely explanation for this observation is that the crypts of Lieberkuhn secrete fluid containing sodium chloride, which is absorbed by the villus epithelial cells. Hence, a luminal "circulation" of electrolytes between crypts and villi was suggested in the present experimental circumstances. PMID- 7117788 TI - Dose-related effects of the synthetic met-enkephalin analogue FK 33-824 on esophageal motor activity in healthy humans. AB - The effects of FK 33-824, a methionine enkephalin analogue, 313, 625, 1250, 2500, and 5000 ng/kg body wt intramuscularly, on esophageal motor activity and cardiovascular and central nervous functions were studied in 8 healthy men. In the lower one-third of the esophagus, amplitude and duration of swallow contractions increased dose-dependently within 15 min after administration. In the middle one-third, amplitudes increased only slightly, whereas no systematic changes occurred in the upper one-third. The propagation velocity of the deglutitive wave accelerated dose-dependently between 15 and 10 cm as well as between 10 and 5 cm above the lower esophageal sphincter, the acceleration being more pronounced in the distal segment. Heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased dose-relatedly, while no effects were found on electroencephalogram and reaction time. These results, together with earlier findings, support the notion of a participation of enkephalins in the regulation of the smooth muscle esophagus. PMID- 7117789 TI - 5-aminosalicylic acid in a slow-release preparation: bioavailability, plasma level, and excretion in humans. AB - The release pattern, bioavailability, and kinetics of a 5-aminosalicylic acid tablet with sustained release were studied in humans. Six ileostomy patients received a single dose (500 mg). Eight and 48 h later, respectively, 58% and 65% of the dose was recovered in the ileostomy effluents, either as 5-aminosalicylic acid still retained in the preparation, free 5-aminosalicylic acid or acetyl-5 aminosalicylic acid. Fourteen healthy volunteers took 1500 mg of 5-aminosalicylic acid per day for 6 days and a steady state plasma acetyl-5-aminosalicylic acid concentration was reached on day 5 (1.1-2.9 microgram/ml). 5-Aminosalicylic acid was not detected in the plasma. At steady state, 40% of the 24-h dose was recovered from feces, and 53% from the urine. The sustained-release preparation studied provides sufficient amounts of 5-aminosalicylic acid to all parts of the gut and its curative effect in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease should be examined in controlled trials. PMID- 7117790 TI - The "mirroring" of gallstones: description of a novel silvering method to determine the surface area of an irregular object. In vitro demonstration that multiple gallstones from the same gallbladder dissolve in unsaturated "bile" at the same rate. AB - We describe a novel "silvering" method to determine the surface area of nonspherical objects and have applied this method to human cholesterol gallstones. A standard curve is first constructed, using data obtained from the dissolution rates of silver-coated plastic spheres of known dimensions in unstirred thiosulfate-ferricyanide solutions. Silver dissolution rates of silver coated gallstones are then correlated with the standard curve so that the equivalent spherical surface area of the gallstones may be estimated. The technique has been applied to cholesterol dissolution rates of gallstones from the same patient and from different patients in unstirred bile salt (sodium chenodeoxycholate) solutions. The results demonstrate that cholesterol dissolution rates per unit surface area are identical for small stones as well as large ones, are identical for all stones from the same gallbladder, but are somewhat dissimilar for those originating from different gallbladders. The experimental results are in agreement with a priori theoretical predictions of mass transfer from spherical objects, and correlate satisfactorily with experimental dissolution rates of pure cholesterol monohydrate disks in unstirred bile salt solutions. PMID- 7117791 TI - Interactions between ionized calcium and sodium taurocholate: bile salts are important buffers for prevention of calcium-containing gallstones. PMID- 7117792 TI - First-order clearance of plasma galactose: the effect of liver disease. AB - Galactose clearance kinetics at plasma concentrations of 0.01-0.1 mg/ml were studied during continuous infusion of 25-100 mg D-galactose per minute. In 10 subjects, plasma galactose vs. time curves during 140-min infusion, and 60 min thereafter, showed the data to fit a single-compartment model and attain 95% of plasma steady state by 80 min. Doubling the infusion rate in 14 subjects resulted in an 8% reduction in clearance at the higher rate. Hepatic extraction in normal subjects was 94%, while in cirrhotics it was 79%. Day-to-day reproducibility in 11 subjects gave a coefficient of variation of 4.5%. Extrahepatic clearance showed 2% of the total to occur in the urine, and 2.3% to occur by erythrocyte metabolism. The overall mean (+/-SD) clearance in the normal subjects of 1378 +/- 218 ml/min was significantly (p less than 0.05) greater than for the stable cirrhotics at 918 +/- 279 ml/min, but not significantly different from patients with acute hepatocellular damage at 1186 +/- 300 ml/min. This index gives flow dependent hepatic clearance, and provides a noninvasive measure of effective liver blood flow. PMID- 7117793 TI - Cholestyramine treatment reduces postprandial but not fasting serum bile acid levels in humans. AB - Fasting serum concentrations of cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, and deoxycholic acid were determined in healthy subjects and in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia before and during treatment with cholestyramine. The bile acids were analyzed by a specific isotope-dilution technique by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Cholestyramine treatment did not change the fasting concentration of total bile acids, but the contribution of cholic acid was increased; those of chenodeoxycholic acid and deoxycholic acid were decreased. No decrease of fasting bile-acid concentrations in portal venous serum was seen in 2 cholestyramine-treated gallstone patients. The postprandial total bile-acid concentration was about 40% lower during cholestyramine treatment in healthy subjects, reflecting a reduced postprandial inflow of bile acids to the liver. This degree of interruption of the postprandial enterohepatic circulation may be sufficient to produce a near maximal bile-acid biosynthesis rate and to promote lowering of plasma cholesterol also in the fasting state. It is concluded that the postprandial bile-acid inflow to the liver may be more important as a regulator of bile-acid biosynthesis than is the fasting level of bile acids. PMID- 7117794 TI - Effect of organic anions on biliary lipids in the rat. AB - Bile salts enhance the biliary secretion of phospholipid and cholesterol. Other amphipilic molecules, organic anions, are secreted into bile as well. We studied the effects of bilirubin and iodipamide, two chemically dissimilar organic anions, on biliary lipid secretion in the rat. We infused bile salt pool-depleted rats with a stepwise infusion of taurocholate and a constant infusion of organic anion. Both organic anions markedly inhibited the biliary secretion of phospholipid and cholesterol without affecting bile salt secretion. This inhibition, at least with iodipamide, was dose-dependent and fully reversible. Using tritiated water as a precursor, we measured hepatic and biliary cholesterol synthesis in the presence or absence of an iodipamide infusion to see if decreased lipid synthesis could explain decreased secretion. Despite the marked reduction in biliary cholesterol secretion, the specific activity of biliary cholesterol was unchanged during an iodipamide infusion. We suggest that organic anions interfere with the assembly of the biliary mixed micelle resulting in micelles that are deficient in phospholipid and cholesterol. PMID- 7117796 TI - Fatal non-01 Vibrio cholerae septicemia in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 7117795 TI - Ulcerating enteritis associated with flucytosine therapy. AB - Flucytosine-associated diarrhea has been previously described in 6%-10% of patients receiving the drug. A potentially fatal ulcerating enterocolitis has been reported in 4 patients. In none of these reports has radiologic or pathologic data been presented. This report describes a case of flucytosine associated ulcerating enteritis in which the small bowel x-ray demonstrated severe luminal narrowing, ulceration, and marked separation of loops of bowel. Ileal biopsy revealed an erosive enteritis with mucosal inflammatory infiltrate and disruption of the surface epithelium. Discontinuation of the drug resulted in total resolution of the clinical and radiologic abnormalities. PMID- 7117798 TI - Sensitivity of fecal occult blood testing for adenomas. PMID- 7117797 TI - Peptococcus asaccharolyticus bacteremia with liver involvement cured with oral metronidazole. PMID- 7117799 TI - Megacolon in Duchenne's disease. PMID- 7117801 TI - Ultrasonographic evaluation of gallbladder emptying. PMID- 7117800 TI - Ileal dysfunction and bile composition in children. PMID- 7117802 TI - Alcohol and the terminal hepatic venule. PMID- 7117803 TI - Infectious complications of the LeVeen shunt. PMID- 7117804 TI - The esophagus in graft-versus-host disease. PMID- 7117806 TI - The Hemochromatosis Research Foundation, Inc. PMID- 7117805 TI - Carcinoma in Crohn's ileitis. PMID- 7117807 TI - The AGA's quality control. PMID- 7117808 TI - Fecal blood loss in patients with colonic polyps: a comparison of measurements with 51chromium-labeled erythrocytes and with the Haemoccult test. AB - The quantitative determinations of fecal daily blood loss after intravenous administration of 51Cr-labeled erythrocytes in 44 patients with colonic polyps and in 11 controls were compared with the results of the daily performed Haemoccult test without dietary restrictions. A total of 642 stool specimens was analyzed for 51Cr loss and the Haemoccult test. The mean fecal daily blood loss in the 34 patients with adenomatous polyps of the descending colon and rectosigmoid was 1.36 +/- 0.14 ml/day (mean +/- SEM), in the 10 patients with polyps of the ascending and transverse colon it was 1.28 +/- 0.31 ml/day, and in the 11 controls 0.62 +/- 0.07 ml/day. There was no positive Haemoccult test in the controls. In fecal specimens from patients with polyps in the descending colon and rectosigmoid containing 2.0-3.99 ml blood/day, the Haemoccult-test was positive in 86%. Fecal specimens from patients with polyps in the ascending colon and transverse colon containing equal blood loss yielded a positive Haemoccult test result in 26%. Thus, the positivity of the Haemoccult test is determined by the fecal daily blood loss and the anatomic location of colonic bleeding sites. PMID- 7117809 TI - Ischemic fecal incontinence and rectal angina. AB - In 36 patients who consulted for fecal incontinence or rectal pain, or both, there was grossly visible scarring of the rectum and biopsy revealed mucosal atrophy and fibrosis. A steal from the hemorrhoidal arteries to the iliac vessels was demonstrated in 3 subjects. Maximum tolerable volumes within a rectal balloon were smaller than in control subjects, both in men (192 vs. 273 ml) and in women (142 vs. 217 ml) (p less than 0.01). The rectoanal inhibitory reflex was abnormal in all but 1 patient. Specific abnormalities were a decreased amplitude or a prolonged duration of the reflex. It was totally absent in 2 patients. This study is compatible with the hypothesis that chronic ischemia of the rectum may cause fecal incontinence or rectal pain. PMID- 7117810 TI - Cup cells: structure and distribution of a unique class of epithelial cells in guinea pig, rabbit, and monkey small intestine. PMID- 7117812 TI - The neurosecretory system of the adult Melanogryllus desertus Pall. (orthoptera, gryllidae). III. Crystalline pattern of neurosecretory material. PMID- 7117811 TI - Electrophysiologic properties and role of the vagal thermoreceptors of lower esophagus and stomach of cat. AB - Vagal unitary discharges were elicited in anesthetized cats by thermal stimulation of the lower thoracic esophagus and stomach. Discharges were recorded from the nodose ganglion, using extracellular glass microelectrodes. Three types of receptors were distinguished according to the temperature ranges at which they discharged: the cold receptors (10 degrees-36 degrees C), the warm receptors (39 degrees-50 degrees C), and the mixed receptors (10 degrees-35 degrees C and 40 degrees-50 degrees C). All endings were connected to unmyelinated fibers (conduction velocities around 1 m/s). These receptors are stimulated neither by mechanical (strong distention, localized stroking of mucosa) nor by chemical (acid and glucose solutions) stimuli. Therefore they must be considered as true thermoreceptors. Stimulation of the esophageal and gastric thermoreceptors produced changes both in esophageal motility and in respiratory frequency. It was concluded that they are involved in coordination of digestive activity as well as in thermoregulation. PMID- 7117813 TI - Seasonal variations in extrathyroidal conversion of thyroxine to tri iodothyronine and migratory disposition in redheaded bunting. PMID- 7117814 TI - Estradiol-17 beta production in amago salmon (Oncorhynchus rhodurus) ovarian follicles: role of the thecal and granulosa cells. PMID- 7117815 TI - Enhancement of excretion across locust malpighian tubules by a diuretic vasopressin-like hormone. PMID- 7117816 TI - An in vitro assay for gonadotrophic hormone in the polychaete Nephtys hombergii Sav. (Nephtyidae). PMID- 7117817 TI - A specific and sensitive bioassay for arginine-vasotocin: description, validation, and some applications in lower and higher vertebrates. PMID- 7117818 TI - Interspecific induction of egg laying in Hawaiian aplysiids. PMID- 7117819 TI - The procurement of avian and piscine pituitary hormones. PMID- 7117820 TI - Analysis of the albino-locus region of the mouse: IV. Characterization of 34 deficiencies. AB - Thirty-four independent nonviable c-locus mutations (types cal, albino lethal and cas, albino subvital), derived from radiation experiments, were tested for involvement of nearby markers tp, Mod-2, sh-1, and Hbb: 10, 22, and 2 involved, respectively, none of these markers, Mod-2 alone, and Mod-2 plus sh-1. When classified on this basis, as well as according to developmental stage at which homozygotes die, and by limited complementation results, the 34 independent mutations fell into 12 groups. From results of a full-scale complementation grid of all 435 possible crosses among 30 of the mutations, we were able to postulate an alignment of eight functional units by which the 12 groups fit a linear pattern. Abnormal phenotypes utilized in the complementation study were deaths at various stages of prenatal or postnatal development, body weight, and reduction or absence of various enzymes. Some of these phenotypes can be separated by complementation e.g., there is no evidence that mitochondrial malic enzyme influences survival at any age); others cannot thus be separated (e.g., glucose-6 phosphatase deficiency and neonatal death).--We conclude that all of the nonviable albino mutations are deficiencies overlapping at c, and ranging in size from less than 2cM to 6-11 cM. The characterization of this array of deficiencies should provide useful tools for gene-dosage studies, recombinant-DNA fine structure analyses, etc. Since many of the combinations of lethals produce viable albino animals that resemble the standard c/c type, we conclude (a) that the c locus contains no sites essential for survival, and (b) that viable nonalbino c locus mutations (cxv) are the result of mutations within the c cistron. Viable albinos (cav, the majority of radiation-induced c-locus mutations) may be intracistronic mutations or very small deficiencies. PMID- 7117821 TI - Genic interaction causing embryonic mortality in the rat: epistasis between the Tal and grc genes. AB - The autosomal dominant mutant gene, tail anomaly lethal (Tal), of the rat is lethal when homozygous but affects tail morphology (kinks and reduced length) and body weight when heterozygous. There is no apparent sex effect on the expression of Tal. It is incompletely penetrant; has variable expressivity, which is influenced partly by its genetic background; and is not linked to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The heterozygous Tal gene and the homozygous grc genes, which are linked to the MHC and affect body size and fertility, interact to cause intrauterine death at a time between implantation (five to seven days post-fertilization) and 15 days of gestation. This interaction shifts the time of death from the immediate postnatal period when the homozygous grc genes act to the time during gestation when the homozygous Tal gene would cause death. This description of lethal epistatic interaction in the rat appears to be the first report of this phenomenon in mammals. PMID- 7117822 TI - Difference in the ratio of dominant-lethal mutations to heritable translocations produced in mouse spermatids and fully mature sperm after treatment with triethylenemelamine (TEM). AB - The relative induction of dominant-lethal mutations and heritable translocations in triethylenemelamine-treated postmeiotic germ cells of mice was determined depending on the stage treated. Males were mated either 11.5-14.5 days after treatment (middle spermatids) or less than 2.5 hours after treatment (fully mature sperm). Results clearly showed that, even through similar levels of dominant-lethal mutations were induced in fully mature sperm and in middle spermatids, the frequency of heritable translocations induced in mature sperm was markedly lower than that induced in middle spermatids. This observation was used, together with earlier ones, to suggest a mechanism by which dominant-lethal mutations and heritable translocations are produced following chemical treatment of male postmeiotic germ cels. PMID- 7117823 TI - The mathematics of mosaic analysis. I: The relationship between sturts and distance. AB - In mosaic fate mapping the fraction of mosaics in which two structures are of different genotype is calculated. This frequency of separation has been called a "distance" and the units of this distance are called "sturts". The fundamental assumption of fate mapping is that the frequency of separation increases continuously with the actual distance between the anlage for these structures on the blastoderm. This paper shows that the frequency of separation does not increase beyond a certain value. --For the current theory to work as proposed, each mosaic animal must be half mutant and half normal. This is rarely the case in collections of mosaics. It has been thought that if some flies are less than half mutant and others more than half, these two types would introduce compensating errors in mapping distance. We show that this is not true and describe the nature of the errors introduced. It is probable that these errors are the main reason that mapping distances reported from different sets of mosaics have not been reproducible. This paper presents methods for the proper handling of data from mosaics with different amounts of mutant tissue.--We prove here that for mosaics with an arbitrary fraction of mutant tissue (m), the largest frequency of separation that can occur is 2m. We prove that sturts underestimate actual distance on the blastoderm by a factor of r/m, where r is the radius of the mutant patch, and that sturts give no information on distances greater than 2r. This, and not double crossing over, is the reason for the nonadditivity of sturts and the shrinking of large distances in sturt measures. Sturtoids overestimate distances by a factor of 1/(2r) and also give no information on distances over 2r. This paper gives formulae for correctly estimating distance when using a collection of mosaics with varying amounts of mutant tissue. We also describe the nature of the errors introduced by convoluted or elongate mosaic boundaries and by multiple mosaic patches. PMID- 7117825 TI - The mathematics of mosaic analysis III. Analysis of structures with extent in two dimensions. AB - This paper derives formulae for the use of mosaic analysis to determine the sizes, shapes and locations of structures that are not points but are extended areas on the blastoderm. We consider a male patch of any convex shape and size and a structure of any convex shape and size. The probability that these two intersect in a set of mosaics is simply one-quarter the product of their perimeters. From this perimeter formula we derive equations relating the frequency of mosaicism of a structure to its size and we derive a formula for the mapping of lethal foci. We then develop a method to locate the borders of a focus that covers an area on the blastoderm. PMID- 7117824 TI - The mathematics of mosaic analysis. II. Formulae for interacting foci. AB - Mosaic fate mapping requires first a measurement of the frequency of separation (by genotype) of two structures and then a conversion of this frequency of separation to distance (WYMAN and THOMAS 1982). If the genotype of two structures is visible, the frequency of separation (sturt distance) may be directly obtained. If the genotype is not visible (e.g., for behavioral foci) then the frequency of separation (sturt distance) itself must be calculated. The formulae introduced by HOTTA and BENZER (1972) for calculating frequency of separation are appropriate only for a set of mosaics in which each fly has half normal and half mutant tissue. Using these formulae for a set of mosaics with a different fraction of mutant tissue can give enormously incorrect results.--In this paper we use intuitive lines of reasoning to obtain simple formulae for frequencies of separation that are algebraically equal to the more elaborate HOTTA and BENZER (1972) formulae.--We show that when calculating sturt distances, data from a collection of mosaics with a range of malenesses, even if the average maleness is 1/2, cannot be lumped together. We prove that applying any formula appropriate for m = 1/2 to a set of mosaics all of maleness m, and then to a set of maleness 1-m, and then averaging the two results, does give the correct value for sturt distances. In this way all the mapping distances may be obtained.--Another method for locating foci is called "contour mapping". We show that the currently available contour formulae are inaccurate. We suggest that contour maps be drawn using the accurate sturt distances. PMID- 7117826 TI - An oral examination of the psychiatric knowledge of medical housestaff: assessment of needs and evaluation baseline. AB - To assess the psychiatric knowledge of medical housestaff, the authors devised an oral examination based on two simulated clinical encounters and administered it to 26 medical residents. The case material embodied those psychiatric problems known to be common in medical populations, namely depression, delirium, dementia, and "psychogenic" pain. The standardized simulations were punctuated by standardized "open" questions with followup probes. A panel of experienced clinicians developed rating criteria for each question such that responses could be categorized ad "good," "adequate," "inadequate," or "poor," in terms of "what an internist needs to know." Blind raters of the exam achieved an interrater reliability of 0.08. The results indicate major deficits in the knowledge needed for assessment and treatment of these common problems. Only 16% of answers were "good," where as 42% were "inadequate" or "poor". For example, 88% of the doctors could not name three factors that help distinguish organic from "functional" psychosis, and 88% could not list three side-effects of tricyclic antidepressants. The doctors' level of experience was not correlated with test scores, either overall or question by question. These results, together with measures of attitude and skill, have been used to develop a needs-based liaison psychiatry curriculum and to evaluate the effectiveness of that curriculum. PMID- 7117827 TI - Sexual dysfunction associated with oral antihypertensive medication: a critical survey of the literature. AB - It is commonly held clinical belief that antihypertensive agents affect sexual performance. The authors survey the English language literature concerning oral antihypertensive agents and critically review studies examining sexual side effects. Surprisingly, few studies support much of the conventional clinical wisdom. Evidence is strong for the pathogenicity of guanethidine upon ejaculatory mechanisms. Contrary to expectation, strong evidence also exists for the ability of propranolol, especially in high doses, to inhibit erectile functioning. Only equivocal support was found for the pathogenicity of methyldopa, reserpine, and clonidine upon sexual functioning. The authors suggest that this may be in part due to underdeveloped methodology for assessing the sexual side effects of hypertensive medications. Suggestions are offered for future studies as well as for the clinical evaluation of sexual dysfunction in the hypertensive patient. PMID- 7117829 TI - Psychiatric liaison nursing 1962-1982: a review and update of the literature. AB - Psychiatric liaison nursing, first conceptualized in the early sixties, evolved from a perceived need to address the psychosocial problems experienced by patients who were hospitalized for treatment of physical illness. Early practitioners tended to be educators and clinical supervisors who collaborated part-time with psychiatric liaison services associated with departments of psychiatry. Consultation with nursing staffs provided indirect care to liaison patients. Papers of the later sixties and early seventies described role models and delineated hierarchy, accountability, function, and supervision. Articles also began to appear about specific patient phenomena and liaison nursing interventions. The mid-seventies yielded a proliferation of position descriptions and the introduction of educational programs to prepare psychiatric liaison nurses at the master's level. The late seventies and early eighties have seen some elaboration of theory-based practice and further evolution of the liaison role. Research data have been cited and problems identified for ongoing study. PMID- 7117828 TI - An epidemiologic study of a psychiatric liaison service. AB - An epidemiologic study of 308 consultations revealed substantial differences in referral rates related to the demographic, clinical, and programmatic characteristics of patients and services. Actual liaison was associated with substantially increased referral rates across all age groups. Female patients appeared to have differentially benefited by liaison activities in terms of obtaining appropriate psychiatric intervention. Across all services studied (medicine, neurology, surgery, and obstetrics/gynecology), consultation appeared mainly directed at establishing a specific psychiatric diagnosis and treatment. Markedly different patterns of emotional disturbance were noted across different medical disease categories (e.g., cancer, chronic renal disease). PMID- 7117830 TI - The impaired physician: a medical and social dilemma. AB - Psychological and emotional impairment among physicians represents a serious, widespread, and difficult problem. For unclear reasons, it has been problematic to effectively identify and treat this group of professionals whose performance is so intimately associated with the health and wellbeing of the general population. The severity of the problem, the resistance to treatment which seems evident from the data presented, and the fact that most of the conditions afflicting physicians are treatable and reversible, compels us to seek a viable solution. Diligence in the pursuit of understanding and correction of the dilemma is a social and personal imperative. PMID- 7117832 TI - Who are the "worried well"? PMID- 7117831 TI - Adverse psychological sequelae associated with total joint replacement surgery. AB - Although total joint replacement surgery is generally successful in pain relief and improved joint function, adverse psychological sequelae sometimes do occur. This report highlights potential problems associated with total joint replacement surgery and illustrates with brief cases from a referral hospital for arthritis patients. An appreciation of psychological factors can ensure patients' motivation to participate in the rehabilitative efforts after surgery, and thus enhance optimal results from the surgery. PMID- 7117833 TI - Infertility and the physician--patient relationship: a biopsychosocial challenge. AB - Research to date has not been able to dispel controversy over the question of "psychogenicity" of infertility. Increasing numbers of studies suggest that neuroendocrinological factors play a role in what is most likely a multidetermined condition. Whatever the etiology, and whether infertility occurs spontaneously (e.g., anovulation) or by choice (e.g., surgical sterilization), the physician must be alert to the special needs of the patient, to the environmental setting, and to the intricate interplay between infertility and emotional reaction. The physician-patient relationship as a triadic rather than dyadic relationship introduces unique transference and counter-transference considerations which must be an acknowledged part of evaluation and treatment. PMID- 7117834 TI - The effects of the t-complex upon male reproduction are due to complex interactions between its several regions. PMID- 7117835 TI - Non-random X-chromosome inactivation in the mouse: difference of reaction to imprinting. PMID- 7117836 TI - Genetic basis of susceptibility to splenic lipofuscinosis in mice. PMID- 7117837 TI - Genetics of the lac-PTS system of Klebsiella. PMID- 7117838 TI - A new allele sash (Wsh) at the W-locus and a spontaneous recessive lethal in mice. PMID- 7117839 TI - Pointers for dealing with neuromuscular GI disorders. PMID- 7117840 TI - Solitary pulmonary nodule: evaluation by tomography. PMID- 7117841 TI - Hypothyroidism--classic symptoms plus the unexpected. PMID- 7117842 TI - Detection of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. PMID- 7117844 TI - Diagnostic and treatment criteria for hemiparesis. PMID- 7117843 TI - An immunization program for the geriatric patient. PMID- 7117845 TI - An approach to monoclonal gammopathies in the elderly. PMID- 7117846 TI - Growth of replicating DNA chain in adult and old rat spleen. AB - The rate of growth of the DNA chain length was found to decrease in rat spleen with aging. This can be substantiated by the slowing down of transformation of old spleen 3H-labeled DNA with low molecular weight to that with high molecular weight as labeling time increases. At the same time, the intensity of the DNA total synthesis is higher in old spleens than in adult ones. This may result from an increase of mitotic activity in rodent spleen with aging. In its turn, the increased mitotic activity may represent an adaptive reaction responsible for maintaining the number of immunocompetent cells which tend to decrease with aging. The slowing down of the newly formed DNA chain growth may lead to the decreased rate of stabilization of the secondary structure of replicating DNA in old spleen. PMID- 7117847 TI - Effects of intermittent feeding upon growth and life span in rats. AB - From weaning to death, 28 male Wistar rats were maintained on an ad libitum (AL) diet, and 24 counterparts were provided the diet every-other-day (EOD). The mean life span of the EOD group represented an 83% increase over that of the AL group. Furthermore, a Gompertzian analysis of mortality rates suggested that the rate of aging was retarded in the EOD group. While body weight and growth rate were reduced in the EOD group, their growth duration was 75% longer compared to the AL group. Significant positive relationships emerged between life span and growth rate parameters in the AL group; however, no significant relationships were found between life span and body weight parameters in the EOD group. Therefore, in support of the hypothesis that dietary restriction effects prolongevity through retarded development, evidence was produced only in the between-group comparisons of AL- and EOD-fed animals. PMID- 7117848 TI - Superoxide dismutase, longevity and specific metabolic rate. PMID- 7117849 TI - Dietary intake of a group of chronic geriatric psychiatric patients. PMID- 7117850 TI - Prognostic value of the abbreviated mental status questionnaire. PMID- 7117851 TI - Radiation synovectomy (synoviorthesis) for rheumatoid arthritis in the Isle of Man. PMID- 7117852 TI - The post-fall syndrome. A study of 36 elderly patients. AB - 36 patients aged 65 and over who were admitted to hospital after suffering a fall were examined soon after admission and followed for 4 months. 10 patients developed a severe tendency to clutch and grab and were unable to walk unsupported; 9 of these died or were still in hospital 4 months later. 16 patients showed similar signs but were able to walk independently; 5 of these died or were still in hospital after 4 months. 10 patients had no features of the post-fall syndrome; only 1 of these died within 4 months, and one of the survivors remained in hospital. The syndrome may represent the end result of a positive feed-back relationship between disturbed balance and falls. PMID- 7117853 TI - Foundations of a policy for the aged in the 1980s and beyond. A message to the World Assembly on Aging of the United Nations, August 1982. PMID- 7117854 TI - Concentric microwaves of Henle's fiber layer: in association with cystoid macular edema. AB - Fully developed microwaves of Henle's fiber layer all around a foveolar exhibiting cystoid changes and localized detachment are demonstrated in an eye, that was proptosed and exposed due to advanced basal cell carcinoma. The significance of microwaves in Henle's fiber layer among other reactive changes of the foveal retina is discussed. PMID- 7117855 TI - Electron histochemical study of alkaline phosphatase activity in the pecten oculi of the chick. AB - Alkaline phosphatase activity in the pecten of chicks was studied electron histochemically. Alkaline phosphatase activity was located in the plasma membrane of the cytoplasmic processes in the luminal and basal portions of the endothelial cells of the capillary, in the plasma membrane of cells with pigmented granules and in the plasma membrane of cells in the vitreous in contrast with the basement lamina of the cells with pigmented granules. The cytoplasmic processes of the luminal and basal portions of the capillary endothelium and the plasma membrane of the cells with pigmented granules may play a role in the exchange of metabolites between the pecten and the vitreous. In the pecten of dark adapted eye, alkaline phosphatase activity could not be demonstrated histochemically. Thus, darkness may make the exchange of metabolites between the pecten and the vitreous less active. PMID- 7117856 TI - Morphological changes in "dry eye syndrome". AB - The authors present the pathologic changes of the conjunctiva in "dry eye syndrome". They state that stratification of the epithelial cells and microplicae, change in the goblet cell population, and inflammation of the basal tissue cannot be regarded as characteristic symptoms. PMID- 7117858 TI - Visual evoked potentials to flash as an indicator of brain dysfunction following concussive head injuries in children. AB - Sixty-six randomly selected children with concussive head injuries of different degrees were subjected to visual evoked potential to flash examination (VECP). Evaluating only the differences in occipital potential between both hemispheres and/or both eyes, the VECP was pathological in 23 cases. Estimating the severity of the head injuries, according to the proposal of Lange-Cosack and Tepfer (grades I-VI), gave rise to a close correlation between the incidence of pathological VECP and increasing degree of trauma. VECP changes were usually transitory in nature with slight injuries (I and II) and constant in traumata of higher degrees (III-VI). As to the agreement of VECP and EEG findings, in two thirds of the cases, the results of both methods coincided with respect to the indication of "pathological" or "nonpathological". In one-third the methods gave different results. PMID- 7117857 TI - Course of disturbance of EOG in retinal vessel occlusions. AB - More than 60 patients with retinal vessel occlusions were examined using the electro-oculogram (EOG) ramp test. In the course of the disease a systematic disturbance of the slow oscillation of the corneoretinal potential occurred. First, the latency of the light peak increased. Then the peak decreased and was reached up to 5 min later than in the healthy eye. In the final stage the basic level dropped to about half of the normal value and light response was absent. During the next few weeks an improvement in the basic level took place, but usually this did not involve improved vision. PMID- 7117859 TI - Clinical ERG findings in tobacco-alcohol amblyopia. AB - Eight patients with tobacco-alcohol amblyopia, but no significant changes in ERG configuration, were subjected to a more extended ERG analysis applying normalized a- and b-wave amplitude-intensity relationships. The functions established significantly fell out of the range of normal subjects, with respect to the maximum of the b-wave function in dark and light adaptation. In this way, the ERG discrimination level in detecting retinal disturbances in tobacco-alcohol amblyopia can be shifted towards higher sensitivity. PMID- 7117860 TI - Necrotic malignant melanomas of the choroid and ciliary body. A clinicopathological and statistical study. AB - In a review of 474 malignant melanomas of the posterior uvea the incidence of totally necrotic tumors was 3.6% and of partially necrotic, 5.7%. Longer time intervals to appearance of first symptoms and enucleation, secondary glaucoma, and inflammatory exophthalmos were significantly more frequent in necrotic malignant melanomas (P less than 0.01). Histopathological examination also revealed that necrotic tumors more often had secondary angle-closure glaucoma, rubeosis iridis, cellular inflammatory infiltrates, and extraocular extension when compared to non-necrotic tumors (P less than 0.01). PMID- 7117861 TI - Histologic observations of the lenses of psoralen + UVA treated albino rats and a theory as to the underlying mechanism. AB - Histologic studies of the lenses of 8-methoxy-psoralen and UVA treated rats revealed that morphologic damage appears first in the epithelium weeks before the onset of any slitlamp observable opacities. The bow region of the lens subsequently shows abnormal morphology, including rounded rather than elongating cells and a dramatic reduction in the number of nucleated fibres. With time, more and more of the cortex becomes involved, in the worst cases progressing to total liquifaction of the outermost cortex. The deeper cortex maintains an ordered pattern. Protected by the upper lid from UVA radiation, the upper lens is never as severely involved as the inferior lens. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the basis of the psoralen cataract is genetic damage to lens epithelial cells with subsequent formation of anomalous cortical fibres. PMID- 7117863 TI - [Data for revising the standards for permissible vibration transportation technology]. PMID- 7117862 TI - Changes in pO2 induce retinal autoregulation in vitro. AB - Vascular autoregulation maintains stable retinal function in vivo in the face of changes in arterial pO2. We observed autoregulatory changes in the flow of perfusate through the isolated cat eye in response to changes in pO2. Hydrostatic perfusion pressure and all other variables of the perfusate, except for pO2, were kept constant. Throughout the experiments the viability of the eye was monitored by electroretinography. In nine short periods of hypoxia, pO2 of the perfusate was reduced by 12%-42% compared to the control. In eight of these experiments the flow rate of the perfusate increased significantly. Retinal vasodilation during hypoxia was also documented by indocyanine green angiography, monitored by TV, and photographed. In seven periods of hyperoxia, pO2 was raised by 7%-38%. In all cases the flow of the perfusate decreased. These changes in flow are interpreted as resulting from autoregulative vasodilation and vasoconstriction of the retinal vessels. The b-wave of the ERG increased and decreased parallel with pO2 of the perfusate. This indicates that autoregulation in vitro does not sufficiently compensate for changes in pO2. This is in contrast to our findings from a previous study in the anesthetized cat. PMID- 7117864 TI - [Early clinical manifestations of vibration and noise pathology in Don Basin miners]. PMID- 7117865 TI - [Research results under the 10th Five-Year Plan on the problem of dust pathology of the respiratory organs and the prospects for further studies]. PMID- 7117866 TI - [Hygienic characteristics of the working conditions in modern electric pipe welding shops]. PMID- 7117867 TI - [Action of total vibration in combination with intermittent noise on human hearing]. PMID- 7117868 TI - [Levels of the body's physiological reserve of sailors working 10-hour duty schedules]. PMID- 7117869 TI - [Psychophysiological studies in the early diagnosis of nervous system changes in exposure to chromium compounds]. PMID- 7117870 TI - [Hemodynamics under laser radiation]. PMID- 7117871 TI - [Physiologico-hygienic evaluation of a self-propelled mine drilling rig]. PMID- 7117872 TI - [Environmental protection in the acid pickling process using inhibitors]. PMID- 7117873 TI - [Experimental study of the combined action of noise and acetone]. PMID- 7117875 TI - [Determination of the volatile substances emitted into the air from capron melting]. PMID- 7117874 TI - [Toxic properties of the aluminum salts of organic acids]. PMID- 7117876 TI - [Gas chromatographic determination of carbon monoxide and methylmercaptan]. PMID- 7117877 TI - [Physiological basis of the permissible noise levels in heavy physical, neuro stress work]. PMID- 7117878 TI - [Hemodynamics, functional status of the pulmonary circulation and angiocardiographic picture after Cooley-Edwards anastomosis in patients with tetralogy of Fallot]. PMID- 7117879 TI - [2-stage implantation of an endocardial stimulator and electrocardiostimulator in heart block]. PMID- 7117880 TI - [Immediate and late results of tricuspid valve prosthesis]. PMID- 7117881 TI - [Late sepsis in patients with artificial heart valves]. PMID- 7117882 TI - [Clinical picture and diagnosis of subdural hematomas after heart surgery using artificial circulation]. PMID- 7117883 TI - [Hemolytic anemia after correction of partially patent atrioventricular canal]. PMID- 7117884 TI - [Development of a method of assisted circulation using artificial heart valves]. PMID- 7117885 TI - [Exclusion from the bronchial system of affected zones of the lung in bronchiectasis in children]. PMID- 7117886 TI - [Our experience with surgical correction of septal defects of the sinus venosus]. PMID- 7117888 TI - [Treatment of chronic suppurative diseases of the lungs]. PMID- 7117887 TI - [Preservation of heart-lung complexes using a cardioplegic solution]. PMID- 7117889 TI - [Surgical treatment of gangrene of the lungs]. PMID- 7117890 TI - [Basis of functional indications for surgical treatment of funnel chest deformities in children]. PMID- 7117891 TI - [Interstitial electrophoresis of drugs to prevent and treat pneumonia following pulmonary resection]. PMID- 7117892 TI - [Study of the function of lungs artificially displaced into the opposite pleural cavity following pneumonectomy (experimental study)]. PMID- 7117893 TI - [Surgical treatment of coarctation of the aorta complicated by aneurysm formation]. PMID- 7117894 TI - [Angiotensometry in proximal resection of the stomach and its mobilization for esophagoplasty]. PMID- 7117895 TI - [Echinococcal cyst of the left ventricle of the heart]. PMID- 7117896 TI - [Aortopulmonary septal defect associated with anomalous origin of the right coronary artery]. PMID- 7117897 TI - [Cervico-mediastinal lymphangioma]. PMID- 7117898 TI - [Bilateral spontaneous chylothorax in a newborn infant]. PMID- 7117899 TI - Disposition of oral metronidazole in hepatic cirrhosis and in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. AB - The pharmacokinetics of metronidazole 500 mg orally were determined in patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis and normal controls in the Sudan, and in cirrhotics and normal controls in Bristol. Plasma metronidazole levels were above the minimum inhibitory concentration of most susceptible anaerobic bacteria for four to six hours post-dose in all groups. Liver disease did not markedly influence the disposition of single oral doses of metronidazole. Cirrhotics showed some prolongation of metronidazole half-life, and somewhat greater metronidazole concentrations 24 hours after the dose. Concentrations of the oxidative metabolite of metronidazole were lower in Sudanese patients and normal controls than in normal British subjects. In chronic liver disease adjustment of metronidazole dosage is probably not required provided renal function is unimpaired. PMID- 7117900 TI - What does the antimitochondrial antibody mean? AB - In a prospective survey positive antimitochondrial antibodies have been detected in 69/4200 (1.64%) of all sera submitted to a routine immunology laboratory. Of the 69, only nine patients had uniquivocal primary biliary cirrhosis, six others had chronic active hepatitis, 10 had abnormal liver function tests without evidence of primary biliary cirrhosis, while the remaining 44 had no clinical or biochemical evidence of liver disease. Outside the context of liver disease antimitochondrial antibodies were observed with similar frequency in patients with autoimmune disorders as in other conditions. It was not possible to distinguish primary biliary cirrhosis from patients without liver disease by antibody titre or by immunoglobulin subclass. The positive antimitochondrial antibody patients without liver disease were uniformly distributed throughout the city of Sheffield, in contrast with the marked clustering of cases of primary biliary cirrhosis. We conclude that, in the absence of clinical liver disease, the antimitochondrial antibody test alone (as detected by routine immunofluorescent techniques) does not appear to be a specific screening test for primary biliary cirrhosis. While we cannot exclude the possibility that the autoantibody indicates a predisposition to develop primary biliary cirrhosis, further prospective studies are needed to determine which patients will progress in this manner. The possibility that environmental factors may be implicated cannot be discounted. PMID- 7117901 TI - Is the transit time of a meal through the small intestine related to the rate at which it leaves the stomach? AB - Using non-invasive techniques, we investigated how varying the size or composition of a meal altered the rate at which it passed through the stomach and small intestine in normal volunteers. Increasing the size of the meal by doubling the absorbable components delayed gastric emptying, did not significantly influence the time taken for the head of the meal to reach the caecum, but retarded the entry of the bulk of the meal residues into the caecum. Incorporating fat in the meal slowed gastric emptying, but did not significantly affect small bowel transit time. The addition of the unabsorbable disaccharide lactulose (in place of an equivalent amount of sucrose) accelerated small bowel transit time, but did not significantly influence gastric emptying. Thus, our results indicated that changes in small bowel transit time could occur independently of changes in gastric emptying in normal healthy subjects. PMID- 7117902 TI - Diagnostic value of serum primary bile acids in detecting bile acid malabsorption. AB - Serum cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid conjugates were measured in fasting conditions and after meals in 14 patients with bile acid malabsorption due to ileal resection. Mean serum fasting levels of both primary bile acids did not differ from the controls. After meals, serum cholic acid peaks were lower in patients with ileal resection than in control subjects (p less than 0.001), while chenodeoxycholic acid peaks were reduced in colectomised patients (p less than 0.01). In the sera from patients with ileal resection, the glycine/glycine + taurine ratio for cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid increased (p less than 0.001) from morning to evening, and glycine/glycine + taurine ratio for chenodeoxycholic acid was significantly (p less than 0.01) different from the controls in the sera collected in the evening. The results are consistent with the concept of a better intestinal conservation of chenyl, mainly of the glycine conjugated from, than of cholylconjugates, in patients with ileal resection; this is probably because of passive absorption in the intestine. The postprandial peaks of serum cholic acid conjugates may therefore be regarded as a test of ileal dysfunction, while peaks of chenodeoxycholic acid conjugates suggest colonic impairment. PMID- 7117903 TI - Polyps and cancer of the large bowel: a necropsy study in Liverpool. AB - In a prospective necropsy study of the large bowel in 365 cases, the commonest polyp identified was the hyperplastic (metaplastic) variety, of which 86.1% of the total were located in the rectum. The other main type of polyp found, and of much greater importance because of its malignant potential, was the neoplastic adenoma. These were present, either singly or multiply, in 73 of 198 male cases (36.9%) and in 48 of 167 female cases (28.7%). Their prevalence and their tendency to be multiple rose with increasing age in both sexes. Most adenomas had a tubular growth pattern and 88.8% of these were under 1 cm in diameter. There was a fairly even distribution of adenomas throughout the large bowel but a higher proportion of adenomas over 1 cm in diameter occurred in the caecum, sigmoid colon, and rectum than at other sites. In the whole series nine adenocarcinomas were present, two of which were arising in adenomas. PMID- 7117904 TI - Water and electrolyte absorption by the colon in tropical sprue. AB - A defect in colonic absorption of electrolytes and water was demonstrated in patients with tropical sprue by perfusing the colon with normal saline containing a non-absorbable marker. Colonic water absorption correlated negatively with stool weight and was abnormal in patients with steatorrhoea. The possible mechanisms producing this defect are discussed. This defect may be related to colonocyte damage produced by unabsorbed unsaturated fatty acids in patients with steatorrhoea. PMID- 7117906 TI - Assessment of ileal function by abdominal counting of the retention of a gamma emitting bile acid analogue. AB - In eight patients without gastrointestinal complaints and 30 patients with various gastrointestinal disorders ileal bile acid conservation was assessed by oral administration of 75Se 23-selena-25-homocholic acid (SeHCAT) followed by abdominal gamma counting (SeHCAT-test). The results of the test correlated fairly well with the clinical features and with the [1-14C]-cholylglycine breath test including faecal 14C measurements (breath test). Of the two bile acid absorption tests the new is perhaps the more sensitive and is the one most easily performed. PMID- 7117907 TI - Sulindac hepatotoxicity. AB - Two patients who developed painless jaundice while taking sulindac are described. Rechallenge in one case confirmed the association of hepatic damage with sulindac administration. Laboratory data and liver biopsy findings suggested a hepatitis with cholestatic features. PMID- 7117908 TI - [Euthanasia in the penal view]. PMID- 7117909 TI - [Legal questions from the physician's practice]. PMID- 7117905 TI - Gut hormone release after intestinal resection. AB - To investigate the possible role of gut and pancreatic hormones in the adaptive responses to gut resection, plasma concentrations of the circulating hormones were measured, in response to a test breakfast, in patients with either small or large intestinal resection and in healthy control subjects. In 18 patients with partial ileal resection a significant threefold rise was found in basal and postprandial levels of pancreatic polypeptide, a fourfold increase in motilin, and more than a twofold increase in gastrin and enteroglucagon levels compared with healthy controls. In contrast, nine patients with colonic resection had a threefold rise in levels of pancreatic polypeptide only. One or more of these peptides may have a role in stimulating the adaptive changes found after gut resection. PMID- 7117910 TI - [Current legal problems of sterilization]. PMID- 7117911 TI - [Abortion from the legal viewpoint for the physician]. PMID- 7117912 TI - [The liability of the gynecologist. General review and special problem areas]. PMID- 7117913 TI - [Cesarean section on the dead and dying patient from the physician's viewpoint]. PMID- 7117914 TI - [Cesarean section on the dead and dying patient from the legal viewpoint]. PMID- 7117915 TI - Ovarian morphologic features and endocrine profile in amenorrheic patients. AB - Ovarian morphologic features and endocrine profile were investigated in 20 patients with primary amenorrhea and 41 patients with secondary amenorrhea. In light of macroscopic and microscopic findings, it was possible to distribute the anovulatory ovaries into the following six main types: (1) polycystic; (2) sclerotic; (3) normotrophied; (4) hypoplastic; (5) atrophic, and (6) streak. Anovulatory ovaries with or without follicles in an early developmental stage, such as the streak or hypoplastic type, were found in patients with primary amenorrhea. In contrast, ovaries with follicles in a late developmental stage, such as the polycystic, sclerotic and normotophied type, were seen in patients with secondary amenorrhea. A close correlation between ovarian morphologic features and hormonal parameters, such as serum FSH and LH levels, and the 24 hour urinary excretion of total estrogens was proved. From the present results, visualization of the ovaries and histologic examination of tissue obtained by biopsy might be an accepted part of the investigation of patients with primary and secondary amenorrhea, particularly those also complaining of infertility. It is no longer justified to postpone investigation until the infertile patients have proved their infertility over several years of a barren, marriage, and ovarian stimulation should be considered at an early stage. PMID- 7117916 TI - Dynamics of the ampullary-isthmic junction in rabbit oviduct. AB - A delay in the ovum transport at the ampullary-isthmic junction (AIJ) has been confirmed by various investigators, but the mechanism of retention and release at this junction is not yet well understood. Using a technique for monitoring unobstructed Fallopian tube motility with an impedance plethysmograph, an increase in luminal diameter was observed at the time when the ova are released from the AIJ. This enlargement persists till all ova emerge from the AIJ. Hence, it seems likely that the AU relaxation is a dominant factor contributing to ova release from the AIJ. PMID- 7117917 TI - Correlation between hormonal levels and ultrasound in patients with threatened abortion. AB - 96 women with threatened abortion were monitored by repeated ultrasonic examinations. Simultaneously plasma HCG, progesterone, estradiol and estriol levels were measured. 12 patients with blighted ovum had hormonal levels in the low normal range before the 8th week and abnormal values after the 10th week. 31 patients had abnormal ultrasonic morphology and absence of fetal heart movements. In half of these patients, estradiol was low even before vaginal bleeding. When vaginal bleeding occurred, all subjects who aborted later, except 1, had at least one abnormal hormonal value. In 4 cases, fetal life signs were detected only after the 10th week; hormonal levels remained normal, confirming the presence of a viable fetus. 31 patients had normal ultrasounds despite vaginal bleeding and arrived to term. Hormonal profiles were also normal. 18 patients had normal ultrasounds and aborted in the second trimester of pregnancy. Some of them had low normal hormonal levels. Others had a secondary decrease in hormonal levels (most often estrogen levels) which, in some cases, preceded the abnormality of the ultrasounds. It is concluded that ultrasounds and hormonal measurements are complementary. Ultrasounds alone gave a correct prognosis in 78% of the cases after a single examination. Caution is advised when fetal life signs are absent and termination of pregnancy is contemplated. Hormonal measurements may then confirm or refute the unfavorable prognosis. Also, hormonal measurements may provide some insight as to the subsequent evolution of a threatened pregnancy, even in the presence of normal ultrasounds. The therapeutic prospect of this knowledge is, however, still to be defined. PMID- 7117918 TI - Comparison of cornual transfer via laparotomy with utero-cervical transfer of cultured preimplantation rat embryos. AB - Most work on embryo transfer has used the cornual route via laparotomy for implantation. This method is time-consuming and costly in operating materials. Cervical transfer seems to offer a simpler route and the promise of time and cost saving. Technical difficulties, however, have prevented this method from becoming widely used. It was thought that mastery of this technique is essential to allow large-scale experiments in order to determine the optimal time for reimplantation, the optimal stage whether 8 cells, morulae, or blastocysts, and to compare culture media. All of these will have significant clinical applications. In this work Vickery's method of cervical transfer in mice was modified to include direct vision of the cervix and dilatation before implantation. With this modification equivalent results were found on cervical or cornual transfer, but a higher failure rate on cervical transfer. The results and implications are discussed. PMID- 7117919 TI - Pregnancy in women with congenital antithrombin III deficiency: experience of treatment with heparin and antithrombin. AB - The incidence of thromboembolic complications (TE) during pregnancy in women with congenital antithrombin III (AT) deficiency has retrospectively been estimated to be about 70%. 8 women with congenital AT deficiency were studied during 9 pregnancies. Subcutaneous or intravenous heparin in doses to prolong the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was given during pregnancy as prophylaxis or therapeutic treatment. During delivery and abortion the AT level was brought to normal by infusion of AT concentrate and the heparin was reduced or withdrawn. Four pregnancies were uncomplicated with regard to TE and resulted in 4 healthy children. Five pregnancies were terminated by induced or spontaneous abortion. 1 woman had TE during heparin prophylaxis and 2 women had TE before the prophylaxis was started. 1 of the latter suffered from a new TE during continued heparing treatment. Insufficient prolongation of APTT was registered at the time of TE in both women with TE during heparin treatment. PMID- 7117920 TI - Evaluation of the total lung profile, including the two-dimensional L/S ratio for the establishment of fetal lung maturation. AB - Recently some articles have been published in which the total lung profile has been introduced to determine the fetal lung maturation. In the present study the two-dimensional L/S ratio and the total lung profile, especially the phosphatidyl glycerol content, are compared with the conventional one-dimensional L/S ratio. The predictive value of each parameter in repect of its significance as an index of the occurrence of neonatal respiratory distress was studied and a mutual comparison is drawn between the respective indices of prenatal lung maturation. It is concluded that the two-dimensional L/S ratio and the total lung profile are promising new tools to estimate the fetal lung maturity. PMID- 7117922 TI - Ultrasonographic placental morphology. AB - Morphological changes in the placenta can be of vital importance to the fetus and even to the mother. Until recently only the pathologist could reveal the eventual underlying cause of placental pathology. Since the development of diagnostic ultrasound, several studies have been performed with respect to differences in the acoustic impedance within the placenta, and if possible these differences in acoustic impedance were related to morphologic changes in the placenta or clinical data. In this review article several ultrasonographical aspects will be discussed with regard to their possible clinical value and the underlying anatomy. PMID- 7117921 TI - Characterization of ritodrine radioimmunoassay. Standard curves, cross-reactions and serum levels in women. PMID- 7117923 TI - Sixth International Congress on Fibrinolysis. Lausanne, July 20-23, 1982. Abstracts. PMID- 7117924 TI - Functional results of thumb reconstruction. PMID- 7117925 TI - Continuous brachial plexus block for replantation in the upper extremity. AB - For replantation surgery, continuous brachial plexus block was employed using supraclavicular or axillary approach. Of a total of fifty blocks, forty-seven (94%) gave adequate surgical analgesia throughout the operations. No serious complication appeared in this series. Pneumothorax was detected in one supraclavicular block, but no surgical drainage was required. One patient had paraesthesia in the blocked arm, but it subsided within a month. No toxic reaction was recognised in spite of high dose of anaesthetic agents. Thus continuous brachial plexus block has been ascertained to be safe, reliable, and useful for the replantation and other prolonged operations in the upper extremity. PMID- 7117926 TI - Some methods for bone fixation for digital replantation. PMID- 7117927 TI - Retrograde cross-pinning of transverse metacarpal and phalangeal fractures. PMID- 7117928 TI - Compression-arthrodesis of finger joints using Kirschner wires and cerclage. PMID- 7117929 TI - The significance of the retrograde patency test in microarterial anastomosis. PMID- 7117930 TI - Conservative management of a high pressure injection injury to the hand. PMID- 7117931 TI - Late complications of neonatal Volkmann's ischaemia. PMID- 7117932 TI - Acute carpal tunnel syndrome a rare complication of chondrocalcinosis. PMID- 7117933 TI - False aneurysms due to trauma to the hand. PMID- 7117934 TI - Kienbock's disease of the wrist in an elderly female. PMID- 7117935 TI - Kienbock's disease in association with carpal coalition. PMID- 7117936 TI - The mirror hand abnormality. PMID- 7117939 TI - A finger support for operations on the dorsal aspect of the finger. PMID- 7117938 TI - Clear cell sarcoma of the hand. PMID- 7117937 TI - Actinomycosis of the hand. PMID- 7117940 TI - Annotations on the hyperbilirubinaemia of ABO incompatible infants. AB - In ABO incompatible infants, a strong association between Coombs test positivity and hyperbilirubinaemia in the first few days of life has been recorded in all samples studied. A remarkable variability between ethnic groups and between different series of infants from the same group has been also observed. A discriminant analysis carried out on several maternal and neonatal variables in two samples of ABO incompatible infants has shown that the Coombs test is the most important predictor of jaundice. Gestational age and birth weight in white and birth weight in black infants gave also important and independent contributions as discriminating variables. Among ABO incompatible black infants the incidence of hyperbilirubinaemia was higher than among ABO incompatible white infants. Discriminant analysis suggests the genetic and environmental factors which predispose to jaundice the ABO incompatible black infants may act mainly through immunological and developmental mechanisms accounted for by Coombs test, gestational length and birth weight. PMID- 7117941 TI - Kinetics of reactions within single erythrocytes: studies by microspectrophotometry. AB - Single cell spectroscopy has been applied to red blood cells along three different lines of research: a) distribution of single hemoglobin components among different erythrocytes, b) chemical reaction with ligands and diffusion in the red blood cell c) dynamics of hemoglobin S aggregation in single red blood cell. The results reported here show, in general, the great possibilities of using single-cell spectroscopy in investigating complex integrated systems. PMID- 7117942 TI - Leukapheresis and granulocyte transfusion. AB - Newer cell separators can collect more PMN, especially using macromolecular agents and steroid stimulation of donors. Proper indications for PMN transfusion are severe neutropenia and sepsis, or certain localized infections, when prolonged marrow aplasia is expected. Optimal dosage is at least 2 x 10(10) PMN per day, probably more. There is a need for more accurate definition of clinical indications for PMN support, for still greater PMN yields from leukapheresis, and for better PMN storage capability. PMID- 7117943 TI - [Endoscopic sphincterotomy in the treatment of choledocholithiasis]. PMID- 7117944 TI - [Total hip replacement in young patients]. PMID- 7117945 TI - [Spirometric lung function]. PMID- 7117946 TI - [Fatal infection with chloramphenicol resistant pneumococcus]. PMID- 7117947 TI - [Solitary subcutaneous nodule as a presenting symptom of primary malignant melanoma]. PMID- 7117949 TI - [Hyponatremia: mechanisms and treatment]. PMID- 7117948 TI - [Hepatic cirrhosis as the only clinical manifestation of widespread hemochromatosis]. PMID- 7117950 TI - [Overuse of hospital laboratories]. PMID- 7117951 TI - [Infant mortality in Western Galilee 1965-1980]. PMID- 7117952 TI - [Minilaparatomy sterilization by Valtchev's uterine mobilizer]. PMID- 7117953 TI - [Central hypercortisolism--Cushing's disease]. PMID- 7117954 TI - [Early surgery for arteriosclerotic carotid artery lesions]. PMID- 7117955 TI - [Bowen's disease in a patient with psoriasis vulgaris]. PMID- 7117956 TI - [Lung injury due to gold therapy]. PMID- 7117957 TI - [Primary sclerosing cholangitis]. PMID- 7117958 TI - [Epidermolysis bullosa lethalis in siblings]. PMID- 7117959 TI - [The monocyte-macrophage system: pathological considerations]. PMID- 7117960 TI - [Disorders of osmoreceptors for secretion of the antidiuretic hormone]. PMID- 7117961 TI - [The nutritional cost of disease in children]. PMID- 7117962 TI - [The doctor and the hypochondriacal patient: diagnosis and therapeutic approach]. PMID- 7117963 TI - [Health related behavior in high school students: I. Smoking habits]. PMID- 7117964 TI - [The number of births on Yom Kippur]. PMID- 7117965 TI - [Clinical reflections of familial dysautonomia]. PMID- 7117966 TI - [Measurement and treatment of increased intracranial pressure in children]. PMID- 7117967 TI - [Surgical treatment of acoustic neurinoma]. PMID- 7117968 TI - [Variations in serum motilin]. PMID- 7117970 TI - [Suspected foreign body aspiration]. PMID- 7117969 TI - [Coronary angiography and serum lipids in coronary artery disease]. PMID- 7117972 TI - [Human in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer]. PMID- 7117971 TI - [Pyomyositis]. PMID- 7117973 TI - [Haemophilus aphrophilus endocarditis]. PMID- 7117974 TI - [Ocular lesions in Alport's syndrome]. PMID- 7117975 TI - [Treatment of calcium oxalate kidney stones with thiazides]. PMID- 7117977 TI - [Physicians and nurses and all the others]. PMID- 7117976 TI - [Health related behavior among high school students part II: sexual behavior]. PMID- 7117978 TI - [Medical research and ethics]. PMID- 7117979 TI - [Prevention of arterial embolism in thyreotoxicosis with atrial fibrillation]. PMID- 7117980 TI - [Interruption of pregnancy]. PMID- 7117981 TI - [Cutaneous pathology in diabetes]. PMID- 7117982 TI - [Stress fractures]. PMID- 7117983 TI - [Domperidone (Motilium)]. PMID- 7117984 TI - The effect of neonatal estrogenization on specific hypothalamic nuclei in the mature male rat. PMID- 7117985 TI - Distribution of degenerated fibres in the deafferented mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) of young and adult rat. PMID- 7117986 TI - Effects of modified statics on the pelvic girdle. Vivisection experiments. PMID- 7117988 TI - Blood supply of the dental organ and of the dental papilla at the cap stage and at the Bell stage in rat. PMID- 7117987 TI - Biomathematical methods in teratology. PMID- 7117990 TI - The lower end of the humerus and its two columns. PMID- 7117989 TI - Ten billion neurons in the human cerebral cortex. PMID- 7117991 TI - Right-sided and left-sided asymmetry of the vessels of the brain hemispheres. PMID- 7117992 TI - Ultrastructural studies of the embryonic goose liver. PMID- 7117993 TI - Lathyrogen-induced damage of the circulatory and skeletal system of the rat. PMID- 7117994 TI - Reciprocal innervation between the hypothalamus and medullary catecholamine containing cell groups. PMID- 7117995 TI - Changes in the brain capillaries after extirpation of the cervicothoracic ganglion and reduction of the blood supply. PMID- 7117996 TI - On the heterogeneity of cardiomyocytes. PMID- 7117997 TI - Lung ultrastructure in the presence of hypertension in the pulmonary circulation. PMID- 7117998 TI - Some rules of changes in the microcirculation after venous occlusion. PMID- 7117999 TI - Intercellular interactions between neurones and glial cells in the CNS myelinogenesis. PMID- 7118000 TI - Cytochemistry of adenylate cyclase: action of cholera toxin on the adenylate cyclase of pigeon erythrocytes. PMID- 7118001 TI - Ultrastructural and histobiochemical studies of guinea pig livers in acute anaphylactic shock. PMID- 7118002 TI - Quantitative electron microscopical investigations about vesicles and mitochondria of mixed synapses following different functional treatment. PMID- 7118003 TI - A study of lymph drainage of the larynx. PMID- 7118004 TI - Effect of reserpine on hepatic nerve regeneration induced by partial hepatectomy. PMID- 7118005 TI - Human bulbourethral glands in the course of aging process in man. PMID- 7118006 TI - Morphology of the perivascular microcirculation. PMID- 7118008 TI - The anatomical-functional picture of the vessels in the ischaemic myocardium--a fluorescence investigation. PMID- 7118007 TI - Transganglionic degenerative atrophy and regenerative proliferation in the Rolando substance of the primate spinal cord: discoupling and restoration of synaptic connectivity in the central nervous system after peripheral nerve lesions. PMID- 7118009 TI - Embryological and experimental morphological substantiation for the reinnervation of internal organs and vessels. PMID- 7118010 TI - In vitro effect of progesterone on the maturation of full-grown oocytes of Triturus cristatus (Urodela, Amphibia)--an EM and biochemical study. PMID- 7118011 TI - The structure of the microcirculatory system. PMID- 7118012 TI - Anatomy and computed tomography of the limbs: horizontal cross-sections every 9 mm. PMID- 7118013 TI - An electron microscopy and morphometric study of synapses in the dog nucleus gracilis after ligation of the abdominal aorta. PMID- 7118014 TI - The effect of vowel context on consonantal intraoral air pressure. PMID- 7118016 TI - Individual differences in the long-term speech spectrum. PMID- 7118015 TI - A comparison of vowel formant measurements between posttracheostomy and postbabbling children. PMID- 7118017 TI - Pitch change after stripping oedematous vocal folds. PMID- 7118018 TI - Effects of speech level and vowel context on intraoral air pressure in vocal and whispered speech. PMID- 7118019 TI - Duration of sustained /a/ related to the number of trials. PMID- 7118020 TI - [Basic reflections on the conception and method of sound agnosia determination]. PMID- 7118021 TI - The mechanism of facial injury. PMID- 7118022 TI - Increased viso-motoric reaction time of young tired drunk drivers. PMID- 7118023 TI - A new system for computer aided dental identification in mass disasters. AB - In recent years, several computer programs for dental identification in mass disasters have been developed. Unfortunately, it may be difficult to get access to such programs. The Norwegian police presently utilizes a text retrieval program, NOVA*STATUS, for detection work. This program is based on the British STATUS ONE program, and it enables the user to find from a large pool of postmortem dental registration one or several sets containing specific information about one tooth or several teeth. The complete relevant set(s) can be displayed for visual examination and comparison. A coding system for dental information has been developed as well as a system for interrogating the computer. This system and its efficiency have been tested on a simulated small scale disaster where various well-known difficulties in dental identification were included. PMID- 7118024 TI - Medicolegal studies on alcohol detected in dead bodies--alcohol levels in skeletal muscle. AB - An experiment was carried out on rats to determine whether or not a skeletal muscle sample was suitable for the determination of ethanol concentration in a carcass. Gas chromatography was used to estimate the ethanol and n-propanol concentrations in the femoral muscle and intracardial blood. The ethanol concentration of each sample was corrected according to the moisture ratio of circulating blood, viz., 78.5%. The ethanol concentration ratio of blood to muscle was 1.03 two hours after ethanol administration. When the carcasses of rats pre-treated with ethanol were stored at 15 degrees C and 25 degrees C, respectively, the ethanol concentrations in muscle and blood increased with time. At all times the concentration was higher in blood than in muscle, and also higher in samples collected from the carcass stored at 25 degrees C than at 15 degrees C. When the control carcass was stored in the same manner, the postmortem production of ethanol was noticed in both blood and muscle. As in the experimental rats, the control rats exhibited a higher blood ethanol than muscle ethanol level. Again, the ethanol concentration was higher in samples collected from the carcass stored at 25 degrees C than at 15 degrees C. The ratio of ethanol to n-propanol was less than 20:1 in blood and less than 10:1 in muscle. These results suggest that skeletal muscle may be a suitable tissue for the postmortem detection of ethanol. PMID- 7118025 TI - Liver pathology in fatal drug addiction. AB - Liver sections from 273 drug addicts submitted to medicolegal autopsy at the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Copenhagen in the period 1975-1979 were studied. In 65% of the cases non-specific portal inflammation only was found. Birefringent material--identified as the mineral talc (magnesium silicate) was observed in 38% of the cases; in these cases non-specific portal inflammation was always present. Changes compatible with acute or chronic persistent hepatitis or hepatitis sequelae were observed in 8% of the cases; cirrhosis in 3%. HBs antigens were detected in 4%. In 22% fatty infiltration was present; in 4% as the only abnormal finding. Finally no pathological changes were found in 6%. The results were related to anamnestic information of kind and duration of drug abuse and to the cause of death. Furthermore a comparison was performed between the groups with and without birefringent material. The data suggest that the birefringent material may be of importance to the pathogenesis of the non specific portal inflammation. PMID- 7118026 TI - Digitalization of dental recording. PMID- 7118027 TI - Wife battering: a study of sixty cases. AB - Sixty women who were repeatedly assaulted by their husbands were referred by the police for medicolegal examination between August 1978 and August 1981. In most instances, the injuries were non-grievous and they were mostly contusions situated mainly in the region of the head, the neck and the upper limbs. Weapons used ranged from firewood to knives. In sixty percent of the cases, complaints were made to the police after 10 years of marriage. This is probably due to the fact that the majority of the women were illiterate and not gainfully employed and were totally dependent on their husbands for their existence. PMID- 7118028 TI - Cardiac sarcoidosis with spontaneous rupture of the right ventricle. PMID- 7118030 TI - [Problems of accumulation and removal of industrial waste]. PMID- 7118029 TI - A rare fetal case of wood preservative, monochloronaphthalene (MCN), poisoning. PMID- 7118031 TI - [Lysozyme: basic facts and diagnostic importance]. AB - The determination of lysozyme has been shown to be more relevant than assumed until now. It can be used as a marker in the therapy of acute and chronic urinary tract infections. The determination of lysozyme in cerebro spinal fluid and blood serum are helpful to differentiate between bacterial and aseptic meningitides or infections. Elevated fecal lysozyme excretion in adolescents are an indicator for a chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Control of fecal lysozyme excretion can be used as a marker for a relapse and to monitor therapeutic efficiency in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. A consistent high level of fecal lysozyme excretion in adults over the age of 40 is an indicator for possible colorectal tumors and warrants further thorough investigation. PMID- 7118032 TI - [Constipation and constipation treatment. 2. Laxatives--mechanism of action, indications and side effects]. PMID- 7118033 TI - [Cluster headache]. AB - Cluster headache is a defined disorder which is often mistaken in spite of its characteristic picture. The different types of cluster headache and their clinical symptoms are reviewed in detail. Predisposing factors, frequency of other medical disorders as well as personal and psychological characteristics are described. The treatment of the attack and the prophylaxis includes ergot alkaloids, methysergide, cortisone, lithium and oxygen. Some aspects of etiology and pathogenesis are discussed. PMID- 7118034 TI - [Is ferric ion absorbed? Absorption of ferrous and ferric ions in healthy subjects and anemic patients]. PMID- 7118035 TI - [Speech disorders--disorientation--hemiparesis]. PMID- 7118037 TI - [Fatal poisoning with nickel sulfate from a hobby set]. PMID- 7118036 TI - [Cardiovascular emergencies--endocrine and metabolic crises. Practical hints for the physician in emergency service]. AB - 50% of hospitalized medical emergency cases are cardiological and respiratory emergencies. Myocardial infarction, cardiogenic shock, ventricular arrhythmias and left ventricular failure often cause sudden death occurring within 1 or 2 hours. Therefore immediate management is necessary already in the prehospital phase of cardiovascular events. This does also apply for acute respiratory failure due to obstructive ventilatory disorders. Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease frequently are masked and may be misinterpreted as encephalopathy or alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Sedation may be dangerous. Also neuroglucopenic syndrome and hyperosmolar coma are occasionally interpreted wrongly. Thyrotoxic crisis, adrenal crisis and hypercalcemia are characterized by lethargy, mental disturbance and weakness, by dehydration, myopathy, nausea, constipation, diarrhea or tenesms or arrhythmias. In this situation of varied symptoms the most important action is to think of endocrine emergency, which may have multiple etiologies. PMID- 7118039 TI - [Measures to be taken in burns and scaldings at the site of the accident and in the clinic]. AB - The treatment of severe burns must be individual because age, extent and degree of burned body surface, type of accident, previous and additional damages are variable factors in burn disease. Thus there will be given only guidelines to the treatment at the place of accident and in the clinic. There are recommendations to fluid-, electrolyte- and protein replacement, medication and local treatment depending on the extent and degree of burned area. Monitoring is necessary, it includes controls of vital parameters and laboratory results. PMID- 7118040 TI - [Transitory ischemic attacks. Results of surgical therapy]. AB - Classical transient-ischemic attacks in patients with proven occlusive disease of the carotid arteries are an absolute indication to operate. Operative reconstruction leads to a significant reduction in the incidence of cerebral infarction when compared to conservative treatment with inhibitors of thrombocyte aggregation. The survival rate of carotid endarterectomy in this stage was 96% after 5 years and 60% after 7 years. The actual stroke rate during this observation period was 5.1%. Contralateral stenosis should be treated operatively in order to achieve further reduction in the rate of cerebral infarction. PMID- 7118038 TI - [Children's emergencies--what to do?]. PMID- 7118041 TI - [Emergency therapy of pneumothorax using a Tiegel-valve]. AB - Pneumothorax is a frequent complication in trauma victims. The resulting respiratory insufficiency, especially in cases of tension pneumothorax, must be treated with a flutter valve prior to hospital admission. A commercially available valve is described. An advantage of this model is that the metal canula can be removed, leaving only the plastic sheath in place. The narrow lumen however is a disadvantage. Because of its low cost and standardized dimensions, it should be included in all emergency sets. PMID- 7118042 TI - [Polyunsaturated (essential) fatty acids and their importance in pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy of multiple sclerosis]. AB - Various aspects concerning the pathogenetic involvement of poly-unsaturated (essential) fatty acids as biochemical co-factors in developing multiple sclerosis (MS) are reported in great detail. Our own studies have also confirmed that differences in the intake or utilization of essential fatty acids do not biochemically induce significant changes in myelin, serum or blood cells. This has long been suspected. The concept of nutritionally or metabolically induced generalized defects in all membranes, especially in the myelin sheath, as a predisposing factor to an increased susceptibility for the development of MS, provoked a gamut of pertinent studies frequently producing controversial results. Hence, these conceptions concerning the pathogenetic involvement of essential fatty acids in MS have been put to rest--even more so after the role of prostaglandins in immunoregulation had become more apparent whose biological precursors are essential fatty acids. Thus, the immunosuppressive effect of high dosage of essential fatty acids under experimental conditions could be explained, disclosing new assessments concerning therapy, new pathogenetic models and further biochemical research. PMID- 7118043 TI - [Cardiac phobia--a phobic neurosis? Aspects of psychosociology, somatic medicine and behavior therapy]. PMID- 7118044 TI - [Disturbances of the social cognition in right-hemisphere brain-damaged patients]. AB - 15 drawings of social situations were presented to 21 left- and 21 right hemisphere brain-damaged patients. They were required to interpret the situations shown in the drawings. The right hemisphere lesioned group performed significantly worse than did the left-hemisphere lesioned group. This deficit in social cognition in the former group is viewed as a further consequence of their well-known basic disturbance in structuring non-linguistic information. This "social disorientation" is considered as a major factor in the social behavioral deficits observable in the right hemisphere lesioned patients. Emotional disturbances are discussed as a possible additional factor. PMID- 7118045 TI - [Absorption of drugs in digestive system and dynamics of drugs in the body]. PMID- 7118046 TI - [Functioning pituitary adenoma]. PMID- 7118047 TI - [Prevention of B-type hepatitis infection]. PMID- 7118050 TI - [Study on amyloid deposition in the skin --electron microscopic observation on filamentous degeneration of epidermal cells]. AB - Primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis showed filamentous degeneration of the epidermal keratinocytes. Although the cells retained the cell membrane and desmosomes, the cytoplasm was displaced by ca. 7nm thick wavy filaments (filamentous cell). Then the degenerated cells lost the cell membrane and situated among the keratinocytes (filamentous mass). The same mechanism was occasionally found in some kind of dermatoses. The filamentous masses which dropped into the dermis changed to amyloid in cutaneous amyloidosis. However, the final product in the other dermatosis was not exactly the same to amyloid observed in the primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis. Though the straight filaments were found in the masses, these were mainly composed of amorphous substance. PMID- 7118048 TI - [Studies on Fc-receptor activity of pulmonary alveolar macrophage in granulomatous lung diseases]. AB - A) An assay method for Fc-receptor activity of pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) was studied by using SRBC coated with anti-SRBC antibody (IgG) under consideration of variable effects of several conditions on phagocytosis and rosette formation of sensitized SRBC (EA) by rabbit PAM. EA phagocytosis by PAM inhibited EA rosette formation of PAM. Significant number of EA phagocytosis was observed in FCA-activated PAM after incubation at 22 degrees C for 1 hr. Because Fc-mediated phagocytic potential of PAM was influenced by nonspecific phagocytic potential of PAM, Fc-receptor activity should be expressed by EA rosette forming activity of PAM measured in the condition of 4 degrees C for 20 hrs where phagocytosis was minimal. B) Fc-receptor activity of PAM increased significantly in rabbits with granulomatous lung lesions induced by BCG compared to normal rabbits, but not in lung lesions by M. faeni. C) Fc-receptor activity of PAM increased significantly in sarcoid patients compared to control patients. As Fc receptor activity of PAM increased remarkably in the patients with active findings in chest X-ray films, increase of Fc-receptor, activity of PAM might suggest to reflect the active stage of sarcoidosis. PMID- 7118049 TI - [Studies on recurrent and metastatic cases of the early stomach cancer--from diagnostic aspect]. AB - There were 256 cases of the early stomach cancer resected, from 1967 to '77 in National Hospital-Sapporo. First, 4 recurrent cases of these 256 cases (1.6%) are analyzed and concluded. 1) Common items of these recurrent cases were male and submucosal invasion in depth of cancer. 2) Modes of recurrence of the gastric remnant were shown in 3 of 4 recurrent cases. These 3 cases died within 6 months, on the average, from the diagnosis of recurrence. Therefore, earlier detection and operation of recurrent cancer is important. 3) There are some cases in which the possibility of multiple or double cancers exist, so careful examination before initial operation is most necessary. Second, the early stomach cancers with metastasis to the regional lymph nodes (n+ group) are analyzed. 1) There were 20 cases of n+ group (7.8%). 2) There were 12 cases of depressed type early cancers with metastasis to the regional nodes (depressed type n+ group), and 137 cases of the single depressed type early cancers without metastasis to the nodes (depressed type n- group). Statistical comparison between the depressed type n+ group and n- group disclosed that the maximum diameter of the lesion of the n+ group was longer than that of the n- group, and histological type of cancer of the n+ group was more undifferentiated than that of the n- group. Items of the depth of invasion and site of the lesion are not statistically significant at this time, however, close attention should be paid to these items. PMID- 7118051 TI - [Inhibitory effect on rabbit peritoneal leukocyte and macrophage chemotaxis by sera from patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis: significance of serum chemotactic inhibitor in sarcoidosis]. AB - Untreated 45 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis were studied with respect to the presence of serum chemotactic inhibitor. Chemotactic assay was performed by modified Boyden chambers using polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) obtained from rabbit peritoneal exudate as indicator cells. Chemotaxis of PMNs was significantly suppressed by sera from patients with hilar lymphadenopathy and/or pulmonary infiltration compared with those from healthy subjects (P less than 0.001), whereas there was no significant difference between healthy subjects and patients who revealed complete remission on the chest X-ray films. This would be due to the serum chemotactic inhibitor rather than to the chemotactic deactivation of the cells. This inhibitor exhibited a direct inhibitory effect on the cells. In addition, the inhibitory effect remained even after serum was removed from the cells by washing. The inhibitor was heat-stable at 56 degrees C for 30 minutes in character. These features closely agreed with those of cell directed inhibitor as described by Ward et al. Furthermore, untreated 30 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis were examined by modified Boyden chambers using rabbit peritoneal macrophages as indicator cells. Macrophage chemotaxis was significantly suppressed by sera from patients who had tuberculin anergy compared with those from healthy subjects and patients who exhibited positive tuberculin reaction (P less than 0.001). In addition, there was close relationship between the degree of chemotactic suppression and the duration of disease (P less than 0.001), angiotensin-converting-enzyme activity (P less than 0.01). It was discussed that the cell-directed inhibitor might play a role in pathogenesis of sarcoidosis. PMID- 7118052 TI - [Effects of ouabain and furosemide on right ventricular function, pulmonary and renal circulation ]. AB - Digitalis glycosides are often used in the treatment of cor pulmonale. However, several investigators have shown that these drugs produce an increase of pulmonary vascular resistance. Combination of other drugs which could reduce this unfavorable effects is to be explored. The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of ouabain on the systemic, pulmonary and renal hemodynamics and right ventricular function with special emphasis on modification of its effects in combination with furosemide. Normal open-chest dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium were used under artificial ventilation. Isolated dog lung lobes were also examined in which perfusion was maintained with heparinized autologous blood at a constant flow rate by a pulsatile pump. In normal dogs, intravenous ouabain administration (0.03 mg/kg) resulted in rise of systemic, pulmonary and renal vascular resistance. However, furosemide (5 mg/kg), when given 3 minutes after ouabain administration, suppressed the vasoconstrictive effect of ouabain. Right ventricular tension (measured by strain gauge arch) was increased after ouabain administration, but this increase was not altered by the combination with furosemide. In the isolated lung lobe, ventilated with normal alveolar gas (14.7% O2, 5.4% CO2) and hypoxic gas (5% O2, 5.4% CO2), ouabain (0.48 mg) caused significant rise of pulmonary inflow pressure (P less than 0.05) which was suppressed significantly by furosemide administration (40 mg) given 3 minutes before and after ouabain administration (P less than 0.05). These results suggest that furosemide may be used rationally with ouabain, because of its effects to eliminate the pulmonary vasoconstriction caused by ouabain and to preserve its positive intropic action. PMID- 7118054 TI - Plasma apolipoprotein E levels in hypertriglyceridemia. AB - A specific, precise and sensitive double-antibody radioimmunoassay for the measurement of human apolipoprotein E (apo E) was developed. Antibody specific to apo E was raised in a rabbit. This antibody did not crossreact with plasma low density lipoproteins (d = 1.030-1.063) and apo-proteins such as pao CII, CIII, AI and AII. Mean plasma level with SD of apo E in 29 normalipidemic subjects was 9.5 +/- 1.8 mg/100 ml. Plasma apo E concentrations in 25 hypertriglyceridemic patients with plasma triglyceride concentrations ranging from 169 to 1190/mg/100 ml correlated positively with plasma triglyceride concentrations (r = 0.84, p less than 0.001). Among subjects with hypertriglyceridemia, there was a negative correlation between the apo E per mg triglyceride ratio and plasma triglyceride concentrations (r = 0.49, p less than 0.02). Plasma apo E levels did not show any correlation with plasma cholesterol concentrations. These results indicate that plasma apo E is closely associated with plasma triglyceride levels, which suggests a possible connection of this apoprotein with the metabolism of plasma triglyceride. PMID- 7118053 TI - Mixed meal tolerance test and reactive hypoglycemia. AB - Twenty-six patients with symptoms suggestive of postprandial hypoglycemia were investigated by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). During the OGTT, symptomatic hypoglycemia occurred in 10 (38.5%). Nine of these 10 sugjects were given mixed meal tolerance tests (MMTT) and symptomatic hypoglycemia failed to occur in any case. During the OGTT the nadir glucose was significantly lower than that during MMTT (44.1 +/- 1.5 vs. 77.3 +/- 4.8 mg/dl +/- SEM, respectively; p less than 0.0005). Serum insulin during MMTT peaked significantly earlier than during OGTT (46.7 +/- 7.3 vs. 86.7 +/- 11.7 minutes (SEM, respectively; p less than 0.0125). The early secretion of insulin during MMTT may explain the lack of symptomatic hypoglycemia in these patients. We conclude that reactive hypoglycemia, when tested by a more natural stimulus (such as mixed meal) rather than by OGTT, is uncommon. PMID- 7118055 TI - Reduced 3H-dopamine uptake by blood platelets in patients with prolactin secreting pituitary adenoma. PMID- 7118056 TI - In vitro production of estriol from four steroid precursors by rabbit tissues. AB - The production of estriol was demonstrated in intact leukocytes and homogenates of liver, adrenals and ovaries of young adult female rabbits from 17 beta estriol, testosterone, androst-4-ene-3,17-dione and dehydroepiandrosterone. Androst-4-ene-3,17-dione constituted the best substrate in liver and adrenals and the poorest substrate for estriol production in lymphocytes. Estriol was least readily transformed into estriol in liver and adrenals, while it proved to be the best substrate in ovaries. Phenobarbital administration to rabbits resulted in 49 fold and 23-fold increases in the transformation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione and dehydroepiandrosterone, respectively, into estriol by lymphocytes. The results indicate that the enzymes involved in estriol biosynthesis in the various tissues respond differently to phenobarbital. PMID- 7118057 TI - The hyperglycemic effect of thymosin F5, a thymic hormone. AB - The effect of thymosin F5, a partially purified thymic hormone, on the blood glucose level of rabbits was investigated. After the injection of thymosin F5 either I.V. or S.C., a state of hyperglycemia lasting for 9-10 hours was observed, and this was a dose-dependent effect. Also, the plasma 11-OH corticosteroid levels in thymosin F5 treated rabbits were found to be approximately threefold compared to the controls. Such a hyperglycemic effect was not observed in rabbits bilaterally surrenalectomized. These results show that thymosin F5 has an enhancing effect on blood glucose level and probably this hyperglycemic effect is mediated by surrenal cortex hormones. PMID- 7118058 TI - Gastro-entero-pancreatic hormones in gestational diabetes: response to a protein rich meal. AB - The gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP) hormone response to glucose ingestion is considerably altered in pregnancy in normal women and gestational diabetics. In normal women, also the GEP hormone response to protein is changed in pregnancy. In the present investigation, the gastrin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), gut glucagon-like-immunoreactivity (gut GLI), insulin, pancreatic glucagon, and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) responses to a protein rich meal in pregnancy and postpartum were studied in 10 women with gestational diabetes. Five of the women were overweight and five were normal weight. Fasting and postprandial gut GLI and PP levels were reduced and insulin levels enhanced in pregnancy. No effect of pregnancy on fasting or postprandial gastrin, GIP, or glucagon levels was found. In pregnancy as well as postpartum, insulin levels were higher in the overweight than in the normal weight patients, whereas the concentrations of the other hormones were similar in the two subgroups of gestational diabetics. It is concluded that the GEP hormone response to a protein rich meal is influenced by late pregnancy in gestational diabetics in the same way as in normal women. The physiological consequences of the findings are not known in detail as yet but they may be important to carbohydrate metabolism and gastrointestinal physiology in pregnancy. PMID- 7118059 TI - Effects of 24 hour starvation on plasma composition in 19 and 21 day pregnant rats and their foetuses. PMID- 7118060 TI - Plasma somatomedin activity measured as thymidine factor in normal children with average and constitutionally tall stature. PMID- 7118061 TI - Plasma parathyroid hormone levels and intestinal calcium binding protein in magnesium deficient rats. AB - Rats were pair fed a magnesium deficient or control diet. Plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) was estimated by radioimmunoassay using synthetic 1-34 PTH and intestinal calcium-binding protein (CaBP) was quantified directly by RIA in proximal duodenum, distal ileum and medium jejunum. In magnesium depleted rats, plasma magnesium levels were significantly decreased, a fall in plasma phosphate paralleled the decrease in plasma magnesium and plasma calcium levels were significantly increased after 14 days of magnesium deficiency. A significant rise in plasma PTH was observed on day 7 and 14 after magnesium deficiency. This increase disappeared on day 20. During the whole experimental period, no significant differences in CaBP levels were observed between the two groups of rats. Thus it is difficult to postulate an increase in vitamin D-dependent calcium absorption to explain the hypercalcemia found in magnesium deficient rats. Neither can the hypercalcemia be readily explained by an increased bone calcium mobilisation due to transient PTH increase since previous results have reported decreased bone resorption in magnesium deficient rats under similar experimental conditions. PMID- 7118062 TI - Evaluation of glucagon stability on storage for radioiodination purposes. PMID- 7118063 TI - Effects of thirsting on biological half-life and organ distribution of 3H-dDAVP in rat. PMID- 7118064 TI - Delayed plasma cortisol elevation following intramuscular glucagon administration. PMID- 7118065 TI - Comparison of the effects of a cardioselective and a nonselective beta-blocker on portal hypertension in patients with cirrhosis. AB - The effects on cardiac output and portal venous pressure of atenolol, a cardioselective beta-blocker, and propranolol, a nonselective beta-blocker, were compared in patients with portal hypertension due to cirrhosis. One hour after p.o. administration of 100 mg of atenolol, cardiac output decreased by 32%, and portal venous pressure by 16%; the decrease in cardiac output and the decrease in portal venous pressure were significantly correlated. One hour after p.o. administration of 40 mg of cardiac output and the decrease in portal venous pressure were not correlated. Whereas the decrease in cardiac output was similar after atenolol or propranolol, the decrease in portal venous pressure was significantly less marked after the former than after the latter beta-blocker. It is concluded that: (a) the decrease in portal venous pressure determined by atenolol results mainly from reduction in cardiac output; (b) the decrease in portal venous pressure determined by propranolol results not only from reduction in cardiac output, but also from extracardiac effects of this beta-blocker, and (c) atenolol might be less efficient in the prevention of recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding in cirrhosis, since the decrease in portal venous pressure is less marked than that which occurs with propranolol. PMID- 7118067 TI - The role of hepatocyte enlargement in hepatic pressure in cirrhotic and noncirrhotic alcoholic liver disease. PMID- 7118066 TI - Visual evoked potentials in encephalopathy induced by galactosamine, ammonia, dimethyldisulfide, and octanoic acid. AB - Visual evoked potentials were utilized to examine the neuronal transmission changes provoked by galactosamine-induced hepatic encephalopathy and by administration in normal animals of toxins presumably involved in the pathogenesis of hepatic encepalopathy. Separate acute administrations of ammonia, dimethyldisulfide, and octanoic acid induced lethargy, convulsions in the case of the first two, and coma with visual-evoked potential patterns that never resembled the evoked potentials recorded in hepatic coma. By contrast, single and repeated administrations of the three above-mentioned toxins together at lower doses induced lethargy and coma with visual-evoked potential patterns similar to those observed in galactosamine-induced hepatic coma. These observations, together with previously published data, are consistent with the concept that the synergistic interaction of these toxins plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy. PMID- 7118068 TI - Hepatitis B virus and HLA antigen display in the liver during chronic hepatitis B virus infection. AB - an analysis of the expression of the histocompatibility antigens in the livers of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection and normal subjects has demonstrated an increased expression of HLA-A, B, C antigens on the hepatocytes of patients with a low level of viral replication (HBe antibody positive) as compared with patients who exhibit a high level of viral replication (HBe antigen positive) and controls. This increase in the expression of histocompatibility antigens on the hepatocytes was associated with a decrease in the membrane expression of viral antigens by the same cells. These differences in the density of HLA and viral antigen display may influence the efficiency of T-cell cytolysis of hepatitis B virus-infected hepatocytes. PMID- 7118069 TI - Taurocholate transport by rat liver sinusoidal membrane vesicles: evidence of sodium cotransport. PMID- 7118070 TI - Importance of solvent drag and diffusion in bile acid-dependent bile formation: ion substitution studies in isolated perfused rat liver. AB - Ion substitution studies were carried out in the isolated perfused rat liver to define the importance of solvent drag and diffusion in bile acid-dependent bile formation. Two different methods, namely single injection (20 mu moles) and continuous infusions at 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 mu moles per min taurocholate (TC), were used to determine the bile acid-dependent bile flow (BADF). Both methods gave essentially the same results. Replacement of Na+ (146mM) by 120 or 146 mM Li+ and Cl-(127mM) by 120 mM NO3- increased BADF significantly. On the other hand, replacement of Na+ by 120 mM choline and Cl- y 120 mM isethionate decreased the BADF. The osmolarity of TC solution was not different when Na+ was replaced by 120 mM Li+ or choline and TC did not affect the osmotic activity of NaCl, and choline-Cl differently. Thus, the observed effect of Na+ replacement on BADF is not due to any change in the osmotic activity of the secreted TC. Substitution of HCO3- by equimolar tricine also decreased BADF. Under this condition, BADF increased when NaCl was replaced by equimolar NaNO3. Thus, HCO3- does not seem to be essential for TC choleresis. Since Li+ and NO3- are more permeable, and choline and isethionate are less permeable than Na+ and Cl-, respectively, these results suggest that the BADF is dependent on the permeability of the substituting cations and anions and thus support the hypothesis that solvent drag and diffusion play an important role in BADF. PMID- 7118071 TI - Hypothesis: metabolic activity of the colonic bacteria influences organ injury from ethanol. AB - Incubation of human fecal homogenates with ethanol (0.078 gm per dl) resulted in accumulation of increased quantities of higher alcohols and other unidentified metabolites when compared with homogenates incubated without ethanol. Studies in rats demonstrated nearly perfect equilibration between blood and colonic luminal ethanol suggesting that the colonic flora in alcoholics is chronically exposed to ethanol concentrations in the range used in the homogenate experiments. The higher alcohols produced by the homogenates were rapidly absorbed from the colon. We hypothesize that, when exposed to ethanol, the colonic flora produced toxic compounds which are absorbed and influence the body's response to ingested ethanol. Individual differences in this bacterial metabolism may account for the wide individual differences in susceptibility to ethanol-related organ injury. PMID- 7118072 TI - Improved purification and N-terminal amino acid sequence determination of the contact site A glycoprotein of Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - On aggregating cells of Dictyostelium discoideum a specific glycoprotein is expressed which is absent from growth phase cells of this organism. The glycoprotein has been related to cell surface antigens, called contact sites A, that are defined by their reaction with aggregation blocking antibody fragments. In the present paper an improved purification scheme for the glycoprotein is described and its N-terminal sequence is given. The purification has been monitored by use of a monoclonal antibody. The contact site A glycoprotein has the properties of an integral membrane protein. PMID- 7118073 TI - The amino acid sequence of Canada goose (Branta canadensis) and mute swan (Cygnus olor) hemoglobins. Two different species with identical beta-chains. AB - The amino acid sequences of the alpha- and beta-chains from the major hemoglobin component (HbA) of Canada goose (Branta canadensis) and mute swan (Cygnus olor) are given. The alpha-chains are of the alpha A-type, since alpha D-type was expressed but only found in low concentrations. By homologous comparison, greylag goose hemoglobin (Anser anser) and Canada goose hemoglobin alpha-chains differ by two exchanges, and beta-chains by three exchanges. A valine substitution for threonine was found at position alpha 34 (B15). This exchange is a result of a two point mutation. Thus, there are three nucleotide mutations in alpha-chains, as in beta-chains. Substitutions in positions alpha 34 (B15) and beta 125 (H3) have modified intersubunit contacts (alpha 1 beta 1-contacts). A comparison of mute swan hemoglobin with greylag goose hemoglobin shows four exchanges in alpha chains and three in beta-chains. Canada goose and mute swan have identical beta chains, while alpha-chains differ in two amino acids. One of these exchanges is implicated in one of the alpha 1 beta 1-contact points (alpha 34) where isoleucine substitution for valine was found. Comparison of hemoglobins from different species in the same tribe (Anserini) shows a high homology between Canada goose and mute swan hemoglobins. PMID- 7118074 TI - [The primary structure of the hemoglobin gamma-chains of fetal sheep (Ovis ammon) and goat (Capra aegagrus), Artiodactyla]. AB - The complete primary structures of the gamma-chains of fetal sheep (Ovis ammon) and goat (Capra aegagrus) hemoglobins are presented. The chains were isolated by chromatography on carboxymethyl cellulose CM-52. The primary structures of both chains were established by automatic Edman degradation, mainly on the tryptic peptides. The N-terminal regions were sequenced on the chains. Large C-terminal peptides were isolated and sequenced after acidic hydrolysis of the Asp-Pro bond (gamma 99/100). The peptides were aligned by their homology with the bovine gamma chains. The gamma-chains of sheep and goat differ in 5 amino acid residues. Compared to bovine gamma-chains there are 12 and 10 exchanges, respectively. The influence of the primary structure on the intrinsic oxygen affinity of hemoglobins is discussed. PMID- 7118075 TI - Ecdysteroid receptors: a comparison of cytoplasmic and nuclear receptors from crayfish hypodermis. AB - Cytoplasmic and nuclear ecdysteroid receptors from intermolt Orconectes limosus integument have been compared. The specificities as well as the KD values for three [3H]ecdysteroids are very similar in both preparations. Using a photoaffinity labelling technique, the molecular mass of the hormone-receptor complexes from both preparations was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis as 70 000 Da. The isoelectric points are about 6 in both cases. Nuclear receptor can be extracted by 0.4M KCl. The binding can be completely restored if cytosol from the same source is incubated together with nuclei and [3H]20-hydroxyecdysone, but not if denatured cytosol or bovine serum albumin is used. PMID- 7118076 TI - N alpha-Glycosylgastrin-related peptides. Synthesis, characterization and biological activity. PMID- 7118078 TI - Biopsy appearances easily mistaken for malignancy in gastrointestinal endoscopy. AB - A series of 10 cases is described which were characterized by the occurrence, in gastrointestinal endoscopic biopsies, of benign lesions which bore a close resemblance to malignancy. In three cases an erroneous diagnosis of carcinoma was made and major resections were performed unnecessarily. The lesions fall into two histological types, one of which is seen only in gastric biopsies and the other at any level of the gastrointestinal tract. The histopathology of these lesions is described in detail. PMID- 7118077 TI - Primary structure of the C-terminal cyanogen bromide fragments II, III and IV from bovine brain proteolipid-apoprotein. AB - Purified lipophilin from bovine brain white matter was reductively carboxymethylated and then cleaved by cyanogen bromide into four fragments: CNBr I 18-19 kDa, CNBr II 5 kDa, CNBr III 2.1 kDa and CNBr IV 0.7 kDa. Hydrogenbromide/dimethylsulfoxide and 3-bromo-2-(2-nitrophenylsulfenyl)skatol (BNPS-skatol) cleaved lipophilin into four fragments of molecular masses of approximately 14000 (Trp I), 2100 (Trp II), 5000 (Trp III) and 7000 Da (Trp IV). Separation and purification of the peptides for liquid phase sequenator degradation was achieved by high performance liquid chromatography. In addition proteolytic cleavage of the Trp IV fragment with trypsin facilitated the alignment of the peptides. An effective control of the sequenator data came from the partial acid hydrolysis of the Trp IV fragment, which yielded di-, tri- and tetrapeptides. The mixture was N-trifluoroacetylated, the amide (peptide) bonds and carboxyl groups were reduced with B2D6 (hexadeuterodiborane) and the polyaminoalcohols derivatized with chlorotrimethylsilane. These derivatives were separated and identified by capillary gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Extensively overlapping sequences support the data obtained by Edman degradation in a liquid phase sequenator of the CNBr peptides II, III and IV, the 72 amino acid residues containing C-terminal sequence of lipophilin of molecular mass (7520 + x) Da, which includes the Trp IV fragment. PMID- 7118079 TI - Gastric cancer: problems in histological diagnosis. AB - The reproducibility of the most recent histological classifications for gastric cancer was studied. A comparison of the results obtained independently by both authors using the criteria of Lauren, Ming, Mulligan and WHO, showed that highest reproducibility was achieved with the WHO classification. However, an acceptable accuracy in diagnosis for the other three classifications was obtained. This study confirms the validity of the WHO criterion for initial diagnosis, while the other classifications should be kept for further specific investigations, such as epidemiological or prognostic studies. PMID- 7118080 TI - Ulceration and prognosis in cutaneous malignant melanoma. AB - A review of 1818 patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma revealed that for both patients with localized disease (clinical stage I) and those with regional lymph node metastases at first presentation (clinical stage II), ulceration of the primary lesion was a poor prognostic sign. Although ulcerated lesions tended to be considerably thicker than non-ulcerated lesions, this factor did not entirely explain the poor prognosis recorded for patients with ulcerated lesions. In men and women matched by the thickness of their tumours, prognosis for those with ulcerated lesions was worse than for those with non-ulcerated lesions. This effect was particularly marked in women. It was concluded that since this histological feature was an independent prognostic determinant, it should be reported by the pathologist as a guide to the clinician in assessing prognosis in patients with melanoma. PMID- 7118082 TI - Morphological changes of the gastroduodenal mucosa in regular dialysis uraemic patients. AB - An endoscopic and biopsy study of the upper gastrointestinal tract in 102 patients receiving regular dialysis treatment (RDT) for chronic renal failure, showed prominent hypertrophic folds and a peculiar pale-grey or pale-pink colour of the gastric mucosa in most cases. Gastric erosions occurred in 11 cases and gastric ulcer in two. Duodenal erosions were found in 13 cases, eight of which were associated with hyperplasia of Brunner's glands. Duodenal ulcer occurred in one case. The histological findings were compared with those in 100 subjects with an endoscopically normal gastro-duodenal tract. In most cases of the RDT group the fundal area was enlarged at the expense of the antrum, fundal glands and/or isolated parietal cells often spreading within the duodenal mucosa. In most cases the duodenal bulb showed hyperplasia of Brunner's glands and heterotopic gastric surface epithelium. The frequency of the mucosal changes differs significantly in the two groups of subjects. Gastric hyperplastic changes in RDT are probably due to the trophic action of hypergastrinemia which is of common occurrence in such a condition, and can account for gastric acid hypersecretion. Acid hypersecretion, in turn, can account for the duodenal changes and gastroduodenal lesions. PMID- 7118081 TI - Stromal metachromasia: a marker for areas of infiltrating tumour growth? AB - The presence of stromal metachromasia is reported in 23 of 38 cases of invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix, its absence from 34 of 35 'in-situ' lesions. The metachromasia was seen at the zone of host/tumour interaction. Its presence was associated with changes in the morphology of the stromal cells and adjacent mast cells. The implications of these observations to the interpretation of tumour histology are discussed. PMID- 7118083 TI - Warthin-Finkeldey-like cells in benign and malignant lymphoid proliferations. AB - Multinucleate giant cells resembling Warthin-Finkeldey cells have been described in various lymphoid disorders. These Warthin-Finkeldey-like cells (WFLC) with as many as 50 nuclei are of three main types: reticular, lymphocyte and intermediary. In reactive lymphoid proliferations (34 cases) WFLC were mainly observed inside germinal centres and to a lesser extent in the interfollicular zones. In neoplastic lymphoid proliferations (33 cases) WFLC were most commonly found in the lymphocytic predominance type of Hodgkin's disease (16/25 cases). All non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (13 cases) in which WFLC were detected proved to be of low grade malignancy (lymphocytic: one case, lymphoplasmacytic-plasmacytoid: six cases; and centroblastic-centrocytic, six cases). They were also found in two cases of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. Immunoperoxidase and electron microscopic studies could not elucidate the exact histogenesis of these cells, but it is assumed that they are associated with B cell proliferations. PMID- 7118084 TI - Circulating megakaryocytes. AB - Cells resembling the smaller variants of the Warthin-Finkeldey giant cells of measles were observed in the pulmonary alveolar capillaries in a high percentage of primates and humans apparently free from pathological changes associated with measles. Cells resembling megakaryocytes were found also in the liver and spleen in both groups but only in a small minority of cases. The relative appearances and distribution of these two types of cells pointed to their both being circulating megakaryocytes, the majority being filtered off in the pulmonary alveolar capillaries, where they become compressed. The paucity of these cells in other tissues is a reflection of the small number of megakaryocytes capable of passing along the alveolar capillaries. The presence of these cells in the lungs and to a lesser extent elsewhere appears to be a frequent occurrence in both diseased and healthy subjects and the factors involved in their appearance are discussed. PMID- 7118085 TI - Intestinal spirochaetosis: an electron microscopic study of an unusual case. AB - An unusual case of intestinal spirochaetosis is described. The rectum of a 34 year-old male, suffering from Crohn's disease and ankylosing spondylitis, was heavily infested by spirochaetes. Both absorptive and goblet cells were colonized. Spirochaetes were found not only on the luminal surface of these cells, but also within the cytoplasm, in occasional macrophages within the lamina propria and, even more surprisingly, within the occasional Schwann cell. The significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 7118088 TI - Effect of prenatal androgen treatment on maternal behavior in the female rat. PMID- 7118086 TI - Progesterone in high doses may overcome progesterone's desensitization effect on lordosis by translocation of hypothalamic progestin receptors. PMID- 7118087 TI - Implantation of dihydrotestosterone propionate into the lateral septum or medial amygdala facilitates copulation in castrated male rats given estradiol systemically. PMID- 7118089 TI - The cyclized C-terminal dipeptide of arginine vasopressin: metabolic stability and antagonism of puromycin-induced amnesia. PMID- 7118090 TI - Oxytocin levels during breast-feeding in established lactation. PMID- 7118091 TI - The next step: self-help. PMID- 7118092 TI - Dialysis patient shows confusion, mood swings, bizarre behavior. PMID- 7118093 TI - Monoamine oxidase inhibitors: their use in clinical practice. PMID- 7118094 TI - Quality and size of inpatient programs. PMID- 7118095 TI - General physicians on psychiatric units. PMID- 7118096 TI - Treatment for anorexia nervosa. PMID- 7118097 TI - Self-help and mental health. AB - Over the past decade self-help groups have become an important way of helping people cope with various life crises. Groups have organized to help individual members deal with a wide range of health-related and other problems. The authors define the meaning of self-help in such groups and describe the range of groups now available, including a number of mental-health-related groups. The part self help groups play in providing social support, preventing illness and death, and reducing the need for hospitalization is discussed. The authors also examine the role of professionals in initiating and working with such groups. They point to self-help groups as one means of meeting the increasing demands placed on health and mental health service systems during the 1980s. PMID- 7118098 TI - The insanity defense on trial. AB - What was once a great romance between law and psychiatry has ended in disenchantment on both sides. Legal rulings during the 1950s intended to increase the psychiatric presence in the courtroom have been repudiated, and there is now a mood to abolish the traditional insanity defense. Abolitionists charge that the insanity defense has been successfully employed by large numbers of dangerous criminals to avoid punishment, that psychiatrists are dishonest because they serve as expert witnesses for both sides, and that the existence of the defense is evidence of a permissive society that coddles violent criminals. Each of these charges is rebutted by the author, who contends that until recently the insanity defense was a profound hypocrisy: the courts found the defendants not guilty by reason of insanity and then relied on psychiatry to confine them for the rest of their lives. But legal reforms and changes in psychiatric practice during the past 20 years have made it more difficult to confine such persons, and thus the insanity defense has real meaning for the first time. The author believes that despite the loss of protection to society, there are important legal and moral barriers to abolishing the insanity defense. PMID- 7118099 TI - The value of exercise on a psychiatric hospital unit. AB - A number of reports in the literature have shown the value of exercise programs in reducing depression among psychiatric patients. Most of these papers have dealt with outpatients; this paper recounts a study of hospitalized inpatients who elected to participate in a six-week exercise program. After six weeks, participants showed significant decreases in their levels of reported depression, and nonsignificant trends toward a decrease in anxiety and an increase in their sense of accomplishment. The program did not ameliorate many disturbing feelings such as anger and fear, nor did it elicit a wide range of positive affects such as cooperation and feelings of acceptance. However, the authors conclude that a well-designed exercise program has enough potential benefit to make it a regular part of a psychiatric inpatient program. PMID- 7118100 TI - Psychiatric rehabilitation as a deterrent to recidivism. AB - An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a comprehensive rehabilitation program in deterring the rehospitalization of severely distributed psychiatric outpatients. A total of 102 clients were randomly assigned at intake to either a fulltime, comprehensive rehabilitation program or a part-time supportive treatment program at a separate location. After nine months, only 14 per cent of the subjects in comprehensive treatment had been rehospitalized, compared with 44 per cent of the subjects in supportive treatment. Regardless of treatment method, subjects who had histories of more frequent hospitalization and subjects who encountered higher levels of life-event stress during the follow-up period were more likely to relapse. The authors conclude that the great reduction in hospital days for subjects in the comprehensive treatment more than compensated for the program's higher cost. PMID- 7118101 TI - The therapeutic community: a critical reappraisal. AB - Any new concept or movement can be understood only when considered in light of the sociopolitical context in which it emerges. The authors critically assess the concept of the therapeutic community in such terms. They assert that the therapeutic community should be viewed as a protest movement itself, or as part of a greater protest against the dehumanizing conditions of mental hospitals in the early 20th century. As a protest movement it has achieved significant success. However, the author say, its therapeutic value has yet to be conclusively demonstrated and its practicability is also highly questionable. The authors suggest that the therapeutic community should be reassessed in light of changed social conditions, and a new and more pragmatic approach to organizing psychiatric hospitals be formulated. PMID- 7118102 TI - Promoting community involvement in deinstitutionalization planning: the experience in one community. AB - The presence of large numbers of former mental patients in the community has forced municipal governments to become aware of the deinstitutionalization process. Many, such as in Asbury Park, New Jersey, have voiced strong criticism of the process and have resisted the influx of patients. In 1979 the city was selected by the state mental health authority to work with the Urban Health Institute, a nonprofit health care consulting firm, in a project designed to encourage local planning and resource development for deinstitutionalized mental patients. The authors describe how the project, using traditional community organizing techniques, worked to reduce conflict and to create an atmosphere in which positive local planning for these patients became possible. PMID- 7118103 TI - The "whirling dervish" sign in a schizophrenic patient. PMID- 7118104 TI - A study of circumstances surrounding patient assaults on psychiatrists. PMID- 7118105 TI - An assessment of Jarvis' law in an urban catchment area. PMID- 7118106 TI - Psychiatric urgency as assessed by patients and their therapists at an adult outpatient clinic. PMID- 7118107 TI - Case management as a therapeutic tool. PMID- 7118108 TI - A disputed diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder. PMID- 7118109 TI - Tracking computer fraud: Blue Cross plans gird to battle illegal claims. PMID- 7118110 TI - Darling is alive and well in California. PMID- 7118111 TI - Hospital economic forecast: new trend index looks two years ahead. PMID- 7118112 TI - The general economic outlook- a halting recovery. PMID- 7118113 TI - Health care on the immigrant trail. PMID- 7118114 TI - The growth of contract management. PMID- 7118115 TI - New signs unsnarl hospital maze. PMID- 7118116 TI - Hospital's library serves as focal point for communitys quest for facts on health. PMID- 7118117 TI - Expenses continue to decline in June. PMID- 7118118 TI - Automated OR records facilitate university hospital management. PMID- 7118119 TI - Joint physician-nurse committee ensures safe transfer of tasks. PMID- 7118120 TI - Engineering department's role in hospital includes documentation/purchase review. PMID- 7118121 TI - Slicing the pie thinner: hospitals and physicians square off over primary care services. PMID- 7118122 TI - Words can hurt: defamation in the health care field. PMID- 7118123 TI - Knowing a review agency's "acceptability range' may help in obtaining CON approval. PMID- 7118124 TI - Hospital financial performance, 2nd quarter 1982. PMID- 7118126 TI - The use of image analysis for estimation of growth in bone marrow cultures. AB - An image analysis system was used to assess growth in agar bone marrow cultures. The technique has advantages over visual counting techniques; it saves time, increases objectivity, reduces operator errors, and may be used to estimate total cell growth or mean clone size. Either measurement may be used to determine activity levels of factors that affect growth such as colony stimulating factors. The advantages and limitations of the technique will be discussed. PMID- 7118125 TI - Increased saturated phospholipid in cultured cells grown with linoleic acid. AB - We found that fetal bovine serum supplementation of culture medium provided limited quantities of linoleic acid, an essential fatty acid, to cells grown in culture (2.8 +/- 0.3% of total fatty acids in 12 lots). Supplementation of the medium with additional linoleic acid resulted in altered phospholipid acyl composition in cells of two established lines, A549, a putative model of the pulmonary Type II epithelial cell, and SIRC, a line derived from rabbit corneal epithelium. In particular, linoleic acid supplementation induced a relative increase in disaturated choline phosphoglycerides of 33 and 36%, respectively, in cells of the two lines. This observation may be relevant to design of media for primary culture of Type II cells, in which disaturated phospholipid synthesis used as an index of differentiated function (surfactant production). Linoleate supplementation did not alter growth or size (protein content) of cells of either line and caused a slight increase in accumulation of neutral lipid, in the form of cytoplasmic droplets, in A549 cells. Supplementation of cell cultures with equivalent concentrations of the nonessential fatty acids palmitic and oleic acid did not significantly alter the growth, morphologic appearance, or lipid composition of the cells. However, it was demonstrated in cells of one line that palmitic acid supplementation temporarily stimulated synthesis of disaturated choline phosphoglyceride from radiolabeled choline. PMID- 7118127 TI - Cryopreservation of isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - Isolated parenchymal hepatocytes from adult rats were frozen in media containing 10% glycerol, 10% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), 20% DMSO. Thus microsome-associated functions were compared in nonfrozen cells and cells frozen in each of the above cryoprotectant solutions. Freezing in DMSO maintains cytochromes P-450 and b5 and NADPH-cytochrome C reductase at levels nearer to control values than does freezing in glycerol. Cells frozen and subsequently thawed and cultured for 24 h lose a greater amount of cytochrome P-450 than do nonfrozen cultured cells. The levels of cytochrome b5 and reductase in frozen-thawed cells remain close to control values. Cell viability (trypan blue dye exclusion and percentage of attached cells) after freezing is maintained better using DMSO as a cryoprotectant. Dimethylsulfoxide protects the hepatocytes from freeze-induced damage to the extent that many viable cells attach to collagen-coated petri dishes, survive for at least 24 h, and still maintain significant levels of enzymes of importance to drug and carcinogen metabolism. PMID- 7118128 TI - Mouse mammary cells in D-valine medium. AB - Cells of a mouse mammary epithelial cell line as well as fibroblasts from a mouse mammary explant were severely inhibited from proliferating in a medium in which D valine was substituted for L-valine. After the first few days in D-valine medium, the number of epithelial cells did not increase despite the fact that a few percent continued to synthesize DNA. The cells did recognize the presence of the D-valine in the medium because cells in D-valine increased in volume and their numbers remained stationary, whereas cells without valine shrank and the cell numbers decreased with time. PMID- 7118129 TI - A leukocyte culture and chromosome preparation technique for avian species. AB - A technique for avian leukocyte culture and chromosome analysis is described. The method is simple and allows karyotypic analysis by a variety of chromosome banding methods. It is applicable to a wide variety of species and may be useful in determining the genetic sex of monotypic species in captivity or for population studies of specimens in the wild. PMID- 7118130 TI - A comparison of expression of neoplastic potential of carcinogen-transformed human fibroblasts in nude mice and in chick embryonic skin. AB - Human foreskin fibroblasts transformed by representative chemicals from five different classes of chemical carcinogens, some requiring enzymatic activation and direct acting carcinogens, produced cell populations that exhibited anchorage independent growth and expression of neoplastic potential in either nude mice or chick-embryonic skin (CES). There is a high degree of correlation between tumor incidence and invasiveness of CES. The unique feature of CES is the rapidity of expression of cellular neoplasia and interpretation of the simulated tumor in 4 d as a simulated fibrosarcoma. This method represents a system that can be used to evaluate human carcinogens in vitro in 6 to 10 wk. PMID- 7118131 TI - Growth in primary culture of mouse submandibular epithelial cells embedded in collagen gels. AB - Mouse submandibular glands were dissociated and the epithelial cells embedded in a collagen gel matrix. A characteristic and reproducible pattern of growth was seen resulting in three-dimensional outgrowths with ductlike structures projecting into the matrix. A sustained cell growth leading to a 5 to 10-fold increase in cell number was observed in less than 2 wk. The extent of this growth was found to be dependent on serum concentration. Of the three sera tested, swine serum was found to promote greater growth compared to fetal bovine serum or horse serum. Swine serum dose response studies have shown that a concentration of 2 to 5% in the medium elicited only a modest increase, if any, in cell number compared to the initial value within a period of 2 wk. Various hormones and growth factors were then added to this "maintenance" medium. Insulin was found to stimulate growth consistently and reproducibly in a dose-dependent manner. Ultrastructurally, the resulting outgrowths were comprised of polarized cells joined by apical tight junction and desmosomes. The outgrowths produced epidermal growth factor in response to dihydrotestosterone, triiodothyronine, and cortisol. The present system provides a method for sustaining growth and functional differentiation in primary culture of mouse submandibular gland epithelial cells. PMID- 7118132 TI - Characteristics of seven clones of the WiDr human colon adenocarcinoma cell line. PMID- 7118134 TI - Culture substrate dependence of mouse fibroblasts survival at 4 degrees C. AB - When L-929 mouse fibroblasts grown in Eagle's medium (MEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) were stored in a monodisperse suspension at 4 degrees C, the viability decreased rapidly from the beginning of storage. The viability in this study was determined by counting electronically the number of cells with the capacity to attach to glass substrate and with the membrane boundary resistant to a proteolytic digestion. When, however, the dissociated cells were preincubated briefly at 37 degrees C, and subsequently stored at 4 degrees C as they were attaching on a glass substrate, the rapid loss of viability could be reduced effectively. A biphasic survival profile consisting of an initial phase of slowly decreasing viability and the subsequent phase of rapidly decreasing viability were than observed. The rapid viability loss occurred not only when the cell suspension was prepared by mechanical dislodging but also after trypsinization or dispase treatment. Such viability loss was also observed when the dissociated cells were not stored at 4 degrees C directly but preincubated in a monodisperse suspension at 37 degrees C in a siliconized plate and then stored at 4 degrees C. The above results show that the rapid loss of viability is associated closely with the fact that the cells were not attached to the substrate but in suspension. PMID- 7118133 TI - Carnitine transport in cultured muscle cells and skin fibroblasts from patients with primary systemic carnitine deficiency. AB - L-Carnitine transport was studied in cultured muscle cells and skin fibroblasts of patients with primary systemic carnitine deficiency and control subjects. In both cell culture types, two systems for carnitine transport were identified. The kinetic parameters for carnitine transport were remarkably similar in cultured muscle cells and skin fibroblasts. Normal rates and kinetic properties of carnitine transport were observed for both cell lines from patients with systemic carnitine deficiency. These studies do not rule out a defect in carnitine transport in vivo. PMID- 7118135 TI - Depletion and recovery of ATP in V79 cells with exposure to inhibitors of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. AB - Cells of the cultured hamster cell line V79 were labeled with tritiated adenosine and incubated for up to 30 min in the presence of inhibitors of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. These inhibitors were (a) 5 mM KCN plus 5 mM iodoacetate, (b) 5 mM KCN plus 5 mM KF, and (c) 15 mM KCN plus 15 mM KF. The fate of the tritium label was examined during incubation with inhibitors and also during subsequent incubation in growth medium in the absence of inhibitors. The tritiated ATP pool was found to decrease in cells incubated in the presence of any of the inhibitor combinations, but only in the presence of 15 mM KCN plus 15 mM KF was this pool decreased below the level of detection. After cells were incubated with KCN plus KF, a high level of ATP was recovered when the inhibitors were removed. Cells incubated with KCN plus iodoacetate retained depletion levels of ATP. Plating efficiency and trypan blue staining showed that KCN-KF treated cells retained viability, whereas KCN-iodoacetate treated cells did not. Cells were examined for ability to take up tritiated uridine before, during, and after depletion of ATP by incubation in the presence of 15 mM KCN plus 15 mM KF. These cells were found to have a variation in uridine uptake that was related directly to intracellular ATP level. Cells in which the ATP was very low exhibited little or no uridine uptake, whereas cells in which the ATP level was near normal exhibited normal uridine uptake. PMID- 7118136 TI - Fibroblast heterogeneity in glucocorticoid regulation of collagen metabolism: genetic or epigenetic? AB - Cultured fibroblasts derived from normal human dermis show a consistent 62% inhibition of collagen synthesis by hydrocortisone, whereas cultures derived from keloids average only 30% inhibition and show a much larger strain to strain variation ranging from 75% inhibition to 49% stimulation. Examination of fibroblast clones indicates that this high variation among keloid strains is not due to differences in the proportion of normal and keloid cells in the mass culture populations. Small but significant differences in the effect of hydrocortisone on collagen deposition are also seen among these clonal populations, but are not related to the type of tissue from which cultures were derived. Two to three-fold differences among clones derived from a single individual were observed, possibly suggesting functional heterogeneity of dermal fibroblasts with regard to collagen metabolism under control conditions and in response to hydrocortisone. However, this variation among clones may simply reflect differences in clonal growth, inasmuch as both collagen synthesis and deposition, and the effect of hydrocortisone on these processes, are strongly affected by population density. PMID- 7118137 TI - Isolation and characterization of a serially cultivated, neoplastic, epithelial cell line from the N-nitrosomethylurea induced rat mammary adenocarcinoma. AB - A new in vitro model for human breast cancer is described. Derived from an N nitrosomethylurea (NMU) induced rat mammary adenocarcinoma, this serially cultivated cell line has been demonstrated, by a variety of criteria, to be an authentic neoplastic, rat mammary epithelial cell line. The criteria used include morphological and growth characteristics; the presence of specific cell surface antigens; steroid hormone receptors; hormone responsiveness; casein production; karyotype and isoenzyme profile analysis; anchorage independent growth and oncogenicity. Inasmuch as the NMU cell line possesses high concentrations of glucocorticoid and androgen receptors, it may provide a useful model for study of the action of these hormones in human breast cancer. In addition, the NMU line may serve as a valuable in vitro model in which to assess the effects of a variety of endogenous and exogenous agents known to influence mammary tumor growth in vivo, including drugs, nutrients, and growth factors. PMID- 7118138 TI - Relationship between in vitro growth promotion and biophysical and biochemical properties of the serum supplement. AB - The normal range of many chemical, physical, and biological (hormonal) properties of fetal bovine, calf, and newborn calf sera collected commercially are presented. We attempt to relate these properties to growth promotion in vitro. Whereas no definitive conclusions could be drawn from the data, high growth hormone levels, low endotoxin levels, and low levels of bilirubin seemed to have some association with good growth promotion if the levels of the other parameters were close to the mean. Large variations from the mean of any of the parameters seemed to affect the growth properties of the serum. PMID- 7118139 TI - Paroxysmal ventricular fibrillation--a case report. PMID- 7118140 TI - Wenckebach periods in left bundle branch block. PMID- 7118141 TI - Transmural versus nontransmural myocardial infarction. PMID- 7118142 TI - Torsade de pointes. PMID- 7118143 TI - Dextrocardia: an angiocardiographic study. PMID- 7118144 TI - Aneurysm of the membranous interventricular septum--clinical and angiographic profile. PMID- 7118145 TI - Immediate effect of smoking on serum lipids and lipoproteins in patients with healed myocardial infarction. PMID- 7118146 TI - Systolic time intervals in ventricular septal defect in adults. PMID- 7118148 TI - QTc interval in pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 7118147 TI - Protective effect of garlic oil on the changes produced by 3 weeks of fatty diet on serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, fibrinolytic activity and platelet adhesiveness in man. PMID- 7118149 TI - Disturbed LDH1, LDH2 ratio in different heart diseases. PMID- 7118150 TI - Ventricular fibrillo-flutter--"torsade de pointes". PMID- 7118151 TI - Torsade de pointes--salutary effect of phentolamine in an isoproterenol resistant case. PMID- 7118152 TI - Partial characterization of lymphokines that change the surface charge density of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - We have investigated the effects of stimulated human lymphocyte supernatants on the surface charge density of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes using analytical free-flow electrophoresis. Unfractionated ConA-induced human lymphocyte supernatants were found to decrease the electrophoretic mobility of PMN leukocytes by 10-16%. Optimal conditions for the production of this lymphokine as well as for the PMN leukocyte-lymphokine interaction are described. In order to obtain more information about the factor responsible for the effect, active and control supernatants were fractionated by Sephacryl S-200 column chromatography, Sephadex G-50, and Amicon membrane filtration. The fractions obtained were dialysed, concentrated, and tested for activity on PMN leukocytes in free-flow electrophoresis. Fractions obtained in parallel were tested for Leukocyte Inhibition Factor (LIF) activity using the Clausen assay. Decrease in electrophoretic mobility of human PMN leukocytes was found to be due to two distinct lymphokines with molecular weights of about 10,000-20,000 and 50,000 60,000 d, respectively. These fractions showed no activity in the Clausen assay. Fraction V (60,000-80,000 d) revealed strong activity in the Clausen assay, but had no effect on the surface charge density of human PMN leukocytes. The ConA induced lymphokines that changed the surface charge density of PMN leukocytes retained their activity after heating to 56 degrees C for 30 min. They were not synthesized in the presence of puromycin, but mitomycin C treatment of the lymphocytes had no effect on the production of the lymphokines. Moreover, pretreatment of human PMN leukocytes with puromycin for 30 min blocked the reaction, indicating an active role of the PMN leukocytes following the reaction with the lymphokines. Finally these lymphokines preferentially influenced the surface charge density of human PMN leukocytes but not that of rat or guinea-pig peritoneal exudate cells. PMID- 7118153 TI - Use of a multiwell assembly for chemotaxis and evaluation by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). AB - A multiwell chamber assembly for chemotaxis tests was designed, which integrates the established microtiter system. A microtiter plate is covered with a plastic plate containing up to 96 holes of the diameter of the microtiter wells. Between the plates, a Nucleopore filter sheet (5 micron) and a silicon rubber gasket is placed. As a model system, human monocytes and lymphocyte-derived chemotactic factors were used. As it was observed that monocytes migrate through the membrane and settle on the bottom of the microtiter wells, an ELISA was adapted for quantitation of cells. After washing and incubation with a xenoantiserum against human monocytes, the bound antibody was quantitated using protein-A-conjugated alkaline phosphatase and p-nitrophenyl phosphate as detection system. The plates were read in a multichannel photometer. Cell numbers were determined directly from a calibration curve established before with varying numbers of monocytes. Current experience allows the following conclusions: The chemotaxis test in microtiter plates is simpler, faster and uses less material than conventional Boyden chambers. Evaluation by ELISA is much faster and more accurate than by microscopy. PMID- 7118154 TI - Enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay for detection of antibody activity in female genital tract of immunized rabbits. AB - A method to assay anti-HCG activity was developed. Polystyrene micro-ELISA plates were coated with HCG and uterine and tubal washings were incubated in the wells. Sera were diluted to equate the protein content with that in the washings and were included in the assay to serve as internal reference standards. Anti-rabbit IgG (sheep) conjugated to horse-radish peroxidase was added to each well and enzyme activity was monitored using ortho-phenyl-diamine as chromogen agent. Enzyme activity was a direct measure of anti-HCG activity. This method was used to compare anti-HCG activity in the genital tract fluid of rabbits immunized with HCG with that of serum from the same animal. The results of the present study show that at equal protein concentrations, the anti-HCG activity was only 2.64% to 18.73% of the activity present in serum. Thus, it seems that antibody activity in the genital tract of the female rabbits immunized systemically may not be sufficient enough to neutralize the biological function of the antigen needs for contraceptive protection. PMID- 7118156 TI - Affinity diffusion II. Comparison between thermodynamic data obtained by affinity diffusion and precipitation in tubes. AB - Association constants (Ka) of the precipitating system bovine serum albumin (BSA) goat anti-BSA were obtained at different temperatures via affinity diffusion (taking l/Kd - Ka) as well as via precipitation in tubes at optimal ratios. With affinity diffusion values of Ka of 0.6 to 1.1 x 10(5) l/M were found, whilst with precipitation in tubes Ka was from 3.3 to 11.2 X 10(7) l/M, using the same BSA and anti-BSA preparations. Via affinity diffusion binding energies delta F of approximately -6 to -7 kcal/M were found, with values of delta H close to zero, and a delta S of +23 entropy units. With precipitation in tubes these values were delta F -10.2 to -10.7 kcal/M, delta H -4.6 to -7.6 kcal/M and delta S +10 to +20 entropy units. The differences found with the two different methods must be ascribed to the fact that with affinity diffusion of precipitating antigen antibody systems one just measures the interaction between the precipitating components with the highest dissociation constants, whilst with precipitation in tubes one measures the total energy of association of the system. With affinity diffusion and with precipitation in tubes, the same degree of positive entropy is observed. The system measured with affinity diffusion is approximately isothermic, whilst the total system, measured by precipitation in tubes, is strongly exothermic. Affinity diffusion still takes place at pH 9.5, at which pH no precipitation in the liquid phase takes place at optimal ratio; one may conclude from this that affinity diffusion mainly involves van der Waals interactions, as electrostatic bonding between BSA and anti-BSA is virtually abolished at that pH. This agrees well with the observation that the affinity diffusion reaction is isothermic. PMID- 7118155 TI - Affinity diffusion. I. Method for measuring dissociation constants of precipitating antibodies. AB - Dissociation constant (Kd) of antigen-antibody reactions can be obtained from the rates (measured by the progression of the precipitate vs. time) with which antigens diffuse into antibody-containing gels, as a function of antibody concentration. A bovine serum albumin vs. rabbit anti-bovine serum albumin system was studied with whole antiserum and with its purified IgG fraction. A value was found for Kd of approximately 1.0 x 10-5 moles per liter. It is note- worthy that in monodimensional single diffusion gel precipitation systems of this type, the rate of progression of the precipitate front is significantly faster than the molecular diffusion coefficient of the antigen. PMID- 7118157 TI - Absence of circulating IgG immune Complexes in C57Bl/6 mice with age-associated renal IgG deposits. AB - The L1210 enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELIA) for circulating immune complexes, previously developed for use in humans, has been adapted for use in mice. The assay detected elevated levels of immune complexes in 100% of NZB/W female mice (6-10 months old) with age-related immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis. Application of the assay to the serum of one year old C57Bl/6 male mice failed to demonstrate elevated levels of serum immune complexes in spite of the routine finding of renal deposition of IgG plus proteinuria in aged mice of this strain. Since the L1210 ELIA detects all IgG-containing immune complexes, regardless of size or complement fixing capacity, these results suggest that the renal IgG deposits seen in aged C57Bl/6 mice are not derived from circulating IgG immune complexes. PMID- 7118158 TI - Lymphokine-induced neutrophil aggregation. AB - Lymphokine (LK) preparations, containing macrophage aggregating activity, also aggregated purified neutrophils, but not blood mononuclear cells or erythrocytes. Additionally, aggregation of blood leucocytes (containing 50%-70% neutrophils), from sensitized guinea-pigs, could be induced by culture of these cells with antigen, in a direct aggregation assay. Optimal measurement of direct aggregation was at 6 hr, whereas soluble neutrophil aggregating activity was produced by blood mononuclear cell cultures continuously for at least 24 hr. Sephadex fractionation showed that although macrophage and neutrophil aggregating activity was associated with molecules of mean mol. wt 50,000, neutrophils were also aggregated by material in the 90,000-225,000 mol. wt range. LK-induced neutrophil aggregation, like macrophage aggregation, was inhibited by colchicine, prostaglandin E2, chlorpromazine and the glycolytic inhibitors 2-deoxyglucose and iodoacetate. PMID- 7118160 TI - Generation of thromboxane A2 and aorta-contracting activity from platelets stimulated with modified C-reactive protein. AB - The classical acute phase reactant, C-reactive protein (CRP), appears in markedly elevated concentration in the sera of individuals undergoing reactions of acute inflammation and tissue degradation. We previously demonstrated that like IgG, appropriately purified CRP could be thermally modified (H-CRP) such that it enhanced platelet activation in plasma and initiated platelet responses in isolated systems. We now report that this direct platelet activation by modified CRP results in the secretion of both platelet dense body and alpha-granule constituents, and is sensitive to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as well as the adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-removing enzyme system creatine phosphate/creatine phosphokinase. Thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) analysis of prostanoate endproducts following platelet activation with H-CRP revealed the formation of thromboxane B2 (the hydrated endproduct of thromboxane A2), an important endogenous platelet activator and contractor of vascular tissue; bioassay on rabbit aorta strips of supernatants obtained from platelets undergoing challenge with H-CRP supported the TLC analysis. Complexes formed between CRP and one major ligand, the polycation, were found to share certain platelet activating properties with H-CRP, as does latex-aggregated CRP. These data imply a potential agonist role for this acute phase reactant in platelet physiology and suggest that the interaction of modified forms of CRP with the platelet at sites of vascular damage could have pathological significance. PMID- 7118159 TI - Delayed hypersensitivity responses to human IgG and methylated bovine serum albumin are regulated by different mechanisms. AB - We found marked differences in in vitro and in vivo delayed hypersensitivity (DH) responses to human IgG (human gamma-globulin, HGG) and methylated bovine serum albumin (MeBSA). Lymph node cells (LNC) from cyclophosphamide (CY) pretreated, antigen-adjuvant immunized mice exhibited increased HGG-induced and decreased MeBSA-induced proliferative responses in vitro compared with LNC from similarly immunized but non-CY-pretreated animals. These effects were antigen-specific. Further, treatment of CY-HGG-adjuvant immunized mice with aqueous (aq) HGG either before or after immunization markedly suppressed HGG-specific in vitro proliferation and in vivo DH responses. Therefore, induction of suppression by aqHGG did not appear to depend on CY-sensitive cells either as a possible source of suppressor cell precursors or as participants in the regulatory events. In contrast, in vivo DH reactivity to MeBSA was unaffected by administration of aqMeBSA either before or after mice were immunized with CY-MeBSA-adjuvant. Our results suggest that DH responses to HGG and MeBSA are regulated by distinct mechanisms which influence the induction and the development of sensitivity. PMID- 7118162 TI - Enhancement of sheep erythrocyte (SRBC)-induced pleurisy in non-sensitized mice by cyclophosphamide: demonstration of natural cell-mediated immune reactivity to SRBC. AB - Intrapleural injection of 2 x 10(8) sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) into normal C57BL/6N (B6) mice produced a low but significant exudate leucocyte reaction, which was delayed in onset and mononuclear cell dominant. However, administration of 20-200 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (CY) in mice induced a dose-dependent enhancement of this reaction. In contrast, erythrocytes of syngeneic and allogeneic mice, rats, guinea-pigs rabbits and humans showed no or slight enhancement in CY-treated B6 mice. Maximal enhancement was observed on day 6 after CY treatment, but the reactions fell on day 7 and gradually decreased thereafter. B6 mice from specific pathogenfree colonies also showed strong reactions on day 6 after CY treatment. B6 mice demonstrated the highest reactions and C3H/He (C3H) mice were intermediate, while BALB/c mice showed very low responses. F1 hybrid (BALB/c x B6) mice showed an intermediate response as compared with the parent strains. The enhanced reactions reached their peak at 24 hr after SRBC injection and mainly consisted of macrophages and polymorphs. The enhancement could be successfully transferred to naive syngeneic mice by viable spleen cells from CY-treated mice but not by sera. The mediator cells could not bind to plastic petri dishes or a nylon-wool column, and were sensitive to anti Thy-1.2 + C treatment . These results thus indicated that the enhancement was induced by the cell-mediated immune (CMI) mechanisms. The appearance of natural CMI reactivity to SRBC, and its role in relation to immunological reactions is discussed. PMID- 7118161 TI - The role of cellular Fc and C3 receptors on the complement-dependent degradation of stable soluble immunoglobulin aggregates by normal and trypsin-treated peritoneal macrophages. AB - The experiments described in this paper were designed to determine the degradation of soluble IgG aggregates (AIgG) bearing C3b by guinea-pig peritoneal macrophages with different numbers of functional C3b receptors. The number of functional Fc receptors for AIgG containing 40 molecules of IgG per aggregate (AIgG40) were kept constant during these experiments. By increasing the concentration of trypsin for the treatment of normal peritoneal macrophages a dose-dependent inactivation of C3b receptors was achieved as determined by the binding of tetrameric [125I]-C3b([125I]-AC3b). Normal peritoneal macrophages bound 148,500 AIgG40 and 60,300 AC3b per cell. Treatment of the macrophages for 15 min at 37 degrees with incremental amounts of trypsin from 60 to 1000 micrograms/ml did not affect the binding of AIgG40 to macrophages but caused a dose-related loss of up to 95% of AC3b binding, indicating functional inactivation of C3b receptors. Degradation of trichloroacetic acid non precipitable protein of [125I]-AIgG40 by 10(6) macrophages was 38 +/- 6% in medium alone and 60 +/- 8% in the presence of 10% fresh guinea-pig serum (NGPS) after 60 min at 37 degrees. The inactivation of 25%, 50%, 72% and 94% of C3b receptors by trypsin did not affect the degradation of AIgG40 in medium alone, but decreased degradation from 69% to 58%, 47%, 32% and 13% of AIgG40 respectively, in the presence of 10% GPS. Macrophages (10(6)) in medium alone degraded 40%, 47%, 65% and 68% of AIgG40 bearing 0, 5, 10, 16 and 20 C3b molecules per aggregate, indicating a dose-dependent enhancement of degradation by bound C3b; conversely, inactivation of 95% of C3 receptor on the macrophages resulted in 39%, 30%, 12%, 5% and 6% degradation of these AIgG40-C3b, indicating a dose-related inhibition by aggregate-bound C3b in the absence of cellular C3 receptor. These experiments stress the importance of Fc and C3b receptor co operation and immune complex bound C3b. PMID- 7118163 TI - Clearance and localization of immunoglobulin oligomers in mice with chronic circulating endogenous complexes. AB - The ability of mice with circulating endogenous antigen-antibody complexes to clear and localize heat-aggregated rabbit IgG and a covalently linked tetramer of rabbit IgG anti-IgG was compared with that of normal mice. Although the clearance rates of both probes were unchanged their localization was altered. Hepatic localization in all mice with endogenous complexes was reduced. In some mice, splenic localization was also reduced whereas the amounts in the kidney were increased. These changes could not be attributed to alterations in the blood content of these organs as this was the same as that of normal mice. It is suggested that the observed differences result from saturation of a section of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) with accelerated handling of complexes by mesangial cells in the kidney. PMID- 7118164 TI - Cortisone-induced immunotolerance to nematode infection in CBA/Ca mice. I. Investigation of the defect in the protective response. AB - The parasitic nematode Trichuris muris is expelled from the large intestine of CBA/Ca mice after approximately 20 days of infection. Short term treatment with cortisone acetate prevented expulsion and allowed the establishment and survival of an adult worm population for at least 70 days. This tolerance to the primary infection persisted after removal of the adult worms by chemotherapy and allowed the full development of a secondary infection. High levels of blast activity were seen in the mesenteric lymph node on days 30 and 40 of a primary infection in tolerant mice. Serum taken from tolerant mice passively conferred immunity on naive mice, but cells transferred from such donors were ineffective. Cells from immune mice were not capable of eliciting expulsion of an established primary infection in tolerant mice but did cause a significant reduction in worm numbers when given on the same day as a secondary infection. Cells from naive mice had no effect upon infections in tolerant mice. It is suggested that, in this system, corticosteroid treatment deletes an accessory cell population causing tolerization of immunocompetent T cells. PMID- 7118165 TI - Autoimmune thyroiditis in young and old mice: differential effect of high doses of PHA. AB - Experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) was used to study the effect of age and PHA in the autoimmune response. EAT was induced in mice by two injections 7 days apart of soluble syngeneic mouse thyroglobulin (MTg) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as adjuvant. Thereafter the antibody titre to MTg was determined in the serum and the degree of cellular infiltration estimated in thyroid sections. The results show that in old mice the humoral response is low and no cellular infiltration is found in the thyroid; young mice showed both types of immune response. Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) was shown to inhibit antibody production when given before the first and second antigen injection, and to suppress completely the cellular immunity against thyroid tissue. When given to old mice a reduction in anti-MTg titre is also seen, but no effect on infiltration is found. However when PHA is only given before the second dose of antigen a stimulation of cellular immunity is seen in contrast to young mice where there is no effect. PMID- 7118166 TI - Two steps in the generation of acquired cellular resistance against Listeria monocytogenes: accumulation and activation of macrophages. AB - Mice were immunized with 1 X 10(3) viable Listeria monocytogenes, and the mechanism of the acquired resistance against challenge infection with 5 X 10(4) L. monocytogenes was studied by the use of the peritoneal cavity of mice as the site of challenge. An enhanced elimination of bacteria from the peritoneal cavity became detectable on day 5 after immunization, and lasted thereafter. Before day 10 postimmunization, a marked accumulation of macrophages was observed after the challenge but the in vitro listericidal activity of macrophages was not so enhanced. After day 15 postimmunization, peritoneal macrophages did not increase in number after the challenge but the in vitro listericidal activity of macrophages was the stronger. Accumulation of non-activated macrophages seemed to contribute mainly to the expression of acquired resistance against challenge in the early stage of immunization. So-called activated macrophages appeared to be generated only in the later stage of immunization. Thus it was suggested that there may be at least two steps in the expression of acquired listerial resistance. PMID- 7118167 TI - Characterization of human monocyte subpopulations by flow cytometry. AB - Human monocytes separated from peripheral blood by Ficoll-Hypaque and by adherence to serum-coated dishes show a bimodal volume distribution measured with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. In the first peak of size distribution histogram of living mononuclear cells, lymphocytes and small monocytes were characterized by latex phagocytosis and non-specific esterase staining, whereas in the second peak the large monocytes dominated. The percentage of esterase stained small monocytes was lower than that of the large ones. Parallel to these data, the rate of the FDA hydrolysis of the small monocytes was lower than that of the large ones. The majority of the large monocytes reacted with sensitized sheep red blood cells (sSRBC) while only the minority of the small monocytes bound sSRBC. Scatchard plots on the binding of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labelled human monoclonal IgG1 to the two subpopulations indicated similar association constants. K = 1 . 2 +/- 0 . 3 X 10(5) M-1. The number of Fc receptors was significantly different for the small (3 . 3 +/- 0 . 6 X 10(5)) and the large monocytes (10 +/- 1 X 10(5)). PMID- 7118168 TI - Migration inhibition of lymph node lymphocytes as an assay for regional cell mediated immunity in the intestinal lymphoid tissues of mice immunized orally with ovalbumin. AB - A migration inhibition assay, using lymph node lymphocytes, has been used as an in vitro assay for cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to ovalbumin in the mesenteric lymph nodes of mice fed ovalbumin. Migration inhibition developed only if an ovalbumin feed was preceded by cyclophosphamide administration; sensitization developed within 24 hr of a single ovalbumin feed, persisted for 14 days and could be recalled on secondary oral challenge with ovalbumin. The intestinal CMI occurred in the absence of detectable systemic immunity and was found only in mice given cyclophosphamide before oral immunization. These results confirm earlier reports on induction of CMI to ovalbumin in the intestinal mucosa, and support the hypothesis that abrogation of a gut-associated suppressor system is necessary to allow induction of intestinal CMI to a dietary protein. PMID- 7118169 TI - IgA subclasses in various secretions and in serum. PMID- 7118170 TI - Morphology of the bentonite and kaolin-induced rat-paw oedemas. AB - The bentonite and kaolin oedemas were simultaneously induced in the rat hind paws and their courses and morphological patterns were observed under the conditions of the same biological background. Gross examination has confirmed the former experience that the kaolin oedema has a more pronounced acute phase (maximum after five to seven hours) followed by subsequent spontaneous regression of the oedema, while the bentonite oedema has its acute phase less pronounced, attains its peak only on the second day, maintaining this same size over several weeks without substantial changes. The courses of the two oedemas were in correlation with the results of histological evaluation (oedematous exudation, polymorphonuclear and mononuclear infiltration and the phagocytic activity of the latter). Resorption of kaolin in the newly-developed non-specific granulation tissue was much faster than that of bentonite (after about three weeks, while bentonite was not resorbed even after six weeks). Further, pharmacological and histological examination was performed of the effects on the bentonite oedema of sodium salicylate and Prednisone during the first 24 hours. Both substances suppressed the oedema, sodium salicylate delayed both polymorphonuclear and mononuclear infiltration, Prednisone delayed only mononuclear infiltration. The presence of mononuclear population was confirmed also by means of the positive activity of non-specific esterase and the negative activity of alkaline phosphatase. The bentonite rat-paw oedema has thus been proved to be a suitable model of inflammatory reaction for testing anti-inflammatory drugs not only in short-term (acute) tests, but also in long-term ones, where it yields a uniform picture of non-specific foreign-body low-turnover granuloma. PMID- 7118171 TI - The vascular response of the "delay" procedure. AB - Delay of a flap apparently enhances its vitality during later transfer. At the present time, although we have a better understanding of the mechanism of skin flap delay, there are still controversies regarding the details. The purpose of our research was to study the vascular response of the delay phenomenon and compare the results with those obtained by others. This was accomplished by raising and delaying flaps in rats and histologically counting, at regular intervals, the number of arterioles, at a point of 2 cm distally to the base of the flap. Our data shows a decline in the number of arterio-venous shunts, from one week toward the third week post-operatively, thus sustaining those who advocate that the optimum time for transfer after delay procedure, is towards the third week. It is of empiric knowledge that a delay of a flap apparently enhances its chances for survival during later elevation, rotation, and transfer. Hynes (1) suggested that the reason for necrosis in the distal part of the flap is due to the opening of a significant number of arterio-venous shunts. The work of Reinisch (2) contributed to this idea by demonstrating a change in the microvascular circulation in the flap. In this work, an attempt is made to give further proof of Hynes' theory by counting histologically the number of arterioles during the delay period in a flap as an indication of the number of patent arterio-venous shunts. PMID- 7118172 TI - Creatinephosphokinase and myoglobin monitoring in acute myocardial infarction. AB - Creatinephosphokinase (CPK) and myoglobin (Mb) were measured in 15 patients admitted to the Coronary Care Unit for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Blood samples were collected from the right atrium every six hours for 48 hours starting from the time of arrival in the Unit and were tested for CPK by a spectrophotometric technique and for Mb by an RIA method. Mb usually started to increase earlier than CPK and reached the peak plasma level more quickly. In five cases Mb but not CPK subsequently showed further increases during the course of the study. The suggestion is made that Mb measurements might be more reliable than CPK for the early detection and the initial followup of AMI. PMID- 7118173 TI - Effect of ethanol on experimental inflammatory models. AB - Ethanol (2 g/kg i.p.) caused insignificant increase in carrageenan induced oedema with a single dose and significant increase in oedema when given once daily for five days prior to the induction of inflammation. In other sets of the experiment ethanol (2 g/kg i.p., O.D.) was administered for three days in rats in which formaldehyde-induced arthritis was produced, and for seven days in rats in which cotton pellets were implanted. There was no significant change in formaldehyde induced arthritis and cotton pellet granuloma formation in control as well as ethanol-treated animals except that a significant decrease in formaldehyde induced arthritis was observed at 48 hours. The results have been discussed and it is suggested that an increase in amino acid pool after the exogenous administration of amino acid may play a role in acute inflammation but not in subacute and chronic inflammation. PMID- 7118174 TI - Experimental contribution to the study of biogenetic stimulants and their clinical application in odonto-stomatology. PMID- 7118175 TI - Treatment of acute radiodermatitis of first and second degrees with semi-greasy placenta ointment. PMID- 7118176 TI - Tissue therapy: clinical experiments in some surgical affections. PMID- 7118177 TI - Placental extract injections in the treatment of loss of hair in women. AB - Placental extract injections were used with success in case of loss of hair in women during the period following confinement and outside this period. The overall rate of improvement was 74%; total recovery occurred in 43% of cases. In postpartum cases the rate of improvement was 91%, recovery 64%. The results obtained in 65 cases are reported. A double-blind study is planned. PMID- 7118178 TI - Use of placental extract for the treatment of myopic and senile chorio-retinal dystrophies. AB - After an examination of the literature, the authors evaluate the activity of placenta extract in 34 subjects suffering from chorio-retinal dystrophy of different types (myopic and senile) and of different degrees of anatomo functional alteration. The parameters used for this study were visual acuity, the luminous sense, the visual field and the electrophysiological activity of the retina. The aqueous solution was administered by intramuscular route at a daily dose of 3 ml (equivalent to 1,80 g of fresh organ) during 20 days; the parameters were tested before and at the end of the treatment. The results obtained during this study show that the parameters were improved, in different degrees, by the administration of the placenta extract. This is clearly demonstrated by the significant improvement in the luminous sense. PMID- 7118179 TI - A comparison of three methods of in vitro culture of human oesophageal mucosa. AB - Three methods of in vitro culture of human oesophageal epithelium were assessed which included the Bijou bottle, cell suspension and organ culture. The epithelium did not survive in the Bijou bottle and the cell suspension caused a growth of oesophageal fibroblasts. Organ culture proved to be the best method with survival up to ten days. Organ culture of human oesophageal epithelium provides an easy in vitro method of studying various cytotoxic factors which may play a role in reflux oesophagitis. PMID- 7118180 TI - Differential effect of low molecular weight alcohols on the Con A stimulation of mouse spleen cells. AB - Incorporation of [3h]thymidine ([3H]TdR) into concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated murine splenocytes was found to be enhanced by addition of certain concentrations of ethanol, 2-propanol and acetone. The alcohol/acetone-induced enhancement of the Con A response was found to be accompanied by an increase of the percentage of living cells as assessed by trypan blue exclusion. Concentrations of ethanol and 2-propanol which caused maximum [3H]TdR uptake in Con A cultures were also found to lead to higher percentages of aggregated cells than in comparison to Con A cultures without alcohol. The data suggest that alcohols in certain concentrations are capable to achieve optimum Con A stimulation. PMID- 7118181 TI - Binding of human immunoglobulin M to Staphylococcus aureus bearing protein A. AB - Human immunoglobulin M binds to protein A-bearing Staphylococcus aureus. This binding is specific for protein A since it is inhibited by rabbit Fab against Staphylococcal protein A. Analysis of the IgM binding data gives an apparent KD of 0.94 nM and a maximum capacity of approximately 2 X 10(3) binding sites of IgM per bacteria. PMID- 7118182 TI - Enhancement of formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-induced directional locomotion of human neutrophils by serum low-density lipoproteins. AB - Human low-density lipoproteins (LDL) significantly increased neutrophil locomotion in a gradient of the chemotactic peptide formyl-methionyl-leucyl phenylalanine (FMLP), while LDL alone had no effect on either directional or random locomotion. The enhancing effect on directional locomotion was constantly observed at FMLP concentrations of 10(-8) M and 5 X 10(-8) M after addition of 50 microgram LDL/ml. PMID- 7118183 TI - Corticosteroid-sensitive peripheral blood cells are able to affect glomerular polyanion (GPA) in vitro. PMID- 7118184 TI - Alloantibody bipolar bridging; a new mechanism of cell surface activation. AB - Bipolar bridging of cellular membrane receptors and epitopes by alloantibodies (Fab bridging the MHC antigens and Fc the Fc receptors) has been shown on a murine mast cell model to be a way of cell signaling and activation. In order to test a possible general significance of this phenomenon, another model was studied, namely guinea pig neutrophils. It was found l(1) that neutrophils from S2, S13 and BIO-AD strains both express class I (B) and class II (Ia) antigens on their surface, as detected by a Prot.A-SRBC rosetting method, after cell incubation with related alloantibodies; (2) that Fc receptors for IgG (Fc gamma R) were specific for IgG2 subclass, as determined by the same rosetting method after binding of preformed immune complexes (IgG1, IgG2 and F(ab')2 anti-DNP DNP25 BSA); and (3) that specific alloantibodies of IgG2 subclass were able to specifically activate the neutrophil oxidative metabolism as shown by superoxide anion (O2-) release, detected by the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence method. Neither the IgG1 nor F(ab')2 portion were able to trigger O2- release. This demonstrates a second situation of a cell membrane activation through alloantibody bipolar bridging. PMID- 7118185 TI - Suppression of humoral and cellular immunity in normal mice by diazepam. AB - Diazepam, a benzodiazepine derivative useful in the treatment of anxiety disorders, was found to depress both primary antibody to sheep red blood cells and delayed-type hypersensitivity responses in normal mice. This immunodepressant activity warrants further investigation owing to its potential consequences on human health and the putative involvement of specific receptors on immunocompetent cells. PMID- 7118186 TI - Similarities between rabbit hepatocyte membrane and nuclear envelope as regards the binding of homologous cytophilic IgG. AB - Nuclei isolated from rabbit liver are able to bind cytophilic monomeric and polymeric homologous IgG while non-cytophilic rabbit IgG are not bound by nuclei even after its aggregation. The present finding suggests that the rabbit hepatocyte nuclear envelope is similar to the liver cell membrane as regards the specific binding of monomeric cytophilic IgG via a selective binding site for the Fc fragment of IgG. Therefore, the Fc receptor is not restricted to the external membrane of the hepatocyte but exists also on the nuclear envelope. PMID- 7118187 TI - A laser nephelometric method for measuring alternative pathway complement activity of human and murine serum. AB - A kinetic method for the evaluation of alternative pathway complement activity in man and mice is presented. A laser nephelometer was employed for detection of non sensitized rabbit erythrocyte lysis based on the observation that the intensity of laser scatter (LS) is proportional to the number of erythrocytes in suspension. During erythrocyte lysis a continuous decline in LS is observed since lytic products do not evoke LS. Utilizing the indirect Coombs test and cross electrophoresis it was shown that rabbit erythrocyte lysis causes activation of the alternative complement pathway. This method is modified for room temperature, is independent of sample hemoglobin content and, in its micro version, it can be done with 10 microliter of human serum, i.e. 50 microliters of murine serum. PMID- 7118188 TI - Effect of haemodialysis on the antibody-dependent and spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity of patients with chronic renal failure. AB - Antibody-dependent and spontaneous lymphocytotoxicity of blood mononuclear cells from 10 patients with chronic renal failure was studied before and after haemodialysis in xenogeneic chicken erythrocyte and allogeneic K-562 test systems. The originally impaired antibody-dependent and spontaneous lymphocytoxicity of uraemic patients significantly improved following haemodialysis. Both pre- and post-haemodialysis uraemic sera strongly inhibited the antibody-dependent and spontaneous cytotoxicity of autologous and of healthy control lymphocytes. PMID- 7118189 TI - Induction of ovulation in the musk shrew Suncus murinus L. by HCG administration. PMID- 7118190 TI - Effect of chronic microwave radiation on rabbit erythrocytes. PMID- 7118191 TI - Development of radioimmunoassay for prolactin binding protein. PMID- 7118192 TI - Purification of prolactin binding protein from rat seminal vesicle secretion. PMID- 7118193 TI - Absorption & metabolic disposition of azo dye metanil yellow in rats. PMID- 7118194 TI - Changes in levels of monoamines during experimental primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. PMID- 7118195 TI - Biosynthesis, distribution & content of cholesterol in different tissues in conditions known to affect hepatic cholesterogenesis. PMID- 7118196 TI - Possible role of brain monoamines in pentobarbitone induced hypothermia in albino rats. PMID- 7118198 TI - Effect of oxotremorine on isolated guinea pig vas deferens. PMID- 7118197 TI - Influence of temperature on sensitivity of histamine & its analogues in guinea pig tracheal chain. PMID- 7118200 TI - Biochemical basis of the protective effect of propranolol pretreatment in experimental myocardial necrosis. PMID- 7118199 TI - Disposition of sulphadiazine in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 7118202 TI - Antifertility action of intratubal nylon thread in rabbits. PMID- 7118201 TI - Studies on lysosomal enzyme changes in rat atherosclerosis & APS therapy. PMID- 7118203 TI - Protective effect of trace elements (Zn, Mn, Cr, Co) on alloxan-induced diabetes. PMID- 7118204 TI - Effect of estradiol-17 beta, estradiol-17 beta + homoplastic pars distalis extract, estradiol-17 beta + testosterone & testosterone on spermatogenesis, Leydig cells & thumb pads in the toad Bufo melanostictus (Schn.). PMID- 7118206 TI - Streptolysin O: protection against its cardiotoxicity in rats. PMID- 7118205 TI - Antiviral activity of some new cationic polyamino acids. PMID- 7118207 TI - Chromatographic studies of serum & urinary proteinase inhibitors in health & disease. PMID- 7118208 TI - Isolation of lactating goat mammary plasma membranes. PMID- 7118209 TI - Role of serum magnesium in development of spontaneous atherosclerosis in pigs. PMID- 7118210 TI - Effect of protein malnutrition on uterine enzymes of glycolysis, TCA cycle & pentose-phosphate pathway in rat. PMID- 7118211 TI - The complete amino acid sequence of the murine transplantation antigen H-2Db as deduced by molecular cloning. AB - A mouse cDNA library derived from the EL4 cell line (b-haplotype) was screened with a probe containing a small part of the H-2Kb coding region. One of the clones isolated, pH203, encodes a protein whose deduced amino acid sequence is identical with the known sequence of H-2Db in 141 of 141 positions available for comparison. The clone, therefore, is believed to code for the H-2Db transplantation antigen. The cDNA insert of pH203 contains the coding region for residues 82 through the carboxy-terminus of H-2Db, and includes 476 nucleotides of the 3'-untranslated sequence. Comparison between the H-2Db cDNA clone and a previously isolated H-2Kb cDNA clone shows homologies of 83% and 91% at the amino acid and nucleotide levels, respectively. Analysis of DNA sequences at the 3' coding and untranslated regions suggests that the mRNAs of H-2Kb and H-2Db are spliced differently at their 3'-coding ends. PMID- 7118212 TI - Primary structure of the H-2Db alloantigen. II. Additional amino acid sequence information, localization of a third site of glycosylation and evidence for K and D region specific sequences. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of the CNBr fragment comprising residues 229-284 of the murine major histocompatibility complex antigen H-2Db has been determined using radiochemical methodology. The sequence was determined by N-terminal sequence analysis of the intact CNBr fragment and by sequence determinations of peptides derived from this fragment by trypsin and staphylococcal V8 protease cleavage. In addition to the amino acid assignments for H-2Db, it was possible to assign the linkage position of the third N-linked glycosyl unit to the asparagine at residue 256. Additional amino acid sequence assignments have also been made for three other CNBr fragments that span residues 99-138, 139-228, and 308-331 of the H-2Db molecule. The total protein sequence information available (222 of 338 residues) agrees in every comparable position with the protein sequence derived from the cDNA clone (pH203) isolated by Reyes and co-workers (1982b), which strongly suggests that this clone encodes H-2Db. Combination of the protein sequence with that deduced from the cDNA clone provides the complete H-2Db protein sequence. Comparison of this sequence with other available protein sequence information for murine class I molecules has revealed protein sequences that may be unique to either K or D region molecules. PMID- 7118213 TI - Mapping of the mouse Upg-1 locus. PMID- 7118219 TI - Tick-borne rickettsioses in Karnataka. PMID- 7118225 TI - Effect of undernutrition on the maturation of Purkinje cells in the rat. PMID- 7118220 TI - Maintenance of Toxoplasma gondii in Vero cell line. PMID- 7118227 TI - Anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin analogues. PMID- 7118233 TI - Influence of socio-economic deprivation on physical and sexual growth during adolescence in school and college boys. PMID- 7118234 TI - Your accident? PMID- 7118235 TI - A longitudinal study of language development in small-for-dates children from birth to five years. PMID- 7118236 TI - Dynamics of growth in craniofacial width. PMID- 7118237 TI - Psychometric evaluation in congenital hydrocephalic children. PMID- 7118238 TI - A study of intellectual performance of epileptic children. PMID- 7118239 TI - Peak expiratory flow rates of school age girls from Punjab (Second report). PMID- 7118241 TI - Pulmonary function tests in clinical practice. PMID- 7118240 TI - B.C.G.--dilemma. PMID- 7118242 TI - GM1 gangliosidosis, type II. PMID- 7118243 TI - Carcinoma of the tongue in a young child of eleven years. PMID- 7118244 TI - Virus-specific antibodies in sera from patients with genital herpes simplex virus infection. AB - Virus-specific antibodies against a number of herpes simplex virus type 2 antigens were determined by radioimmunoprecipitation assays in sequential serum samples obtained from 12 patients with initial genital herpes simplex virus infection. The progressive appearance of antibodies to virus-specific antigens was observed; antibodies against a 130,000-molecular-weight glycoprotein complex appeared first, followed by antibodies against the major nucleocapsid polypeptide and then antibodies against a number of other viral antigens, including a polypeptide with a molecular weight of 62,000. Patients who developed a wide variety of antibodies to viral polypeptides shortly after resolution of their initial episode seemed to experience more severe initial infections and more recurrences than did those who reacted poorly with these virus-specific antigens. This was most apparent with respect to antibodies to virus-specific polypeptides with molecular weights between 30,000 and 43,000. Antibody specificity did not change during the course of follow-up regardless of whether serum samples were taken shortly before, during, or after recurrent episodes. Glycoprotein-specific antibodies were quantitated with the purified 130,000-molecular-weight glycoprotein material. No significant fluctuations in these antibody titers were observed before or after recurrences of the disease. PMID- 7118245 TI - In vitro lymphocyte blastogenic responses and titers of humoral antibodies from periodontitis patients to oral spirochete isolates. AB - Humoral antibodies and in vitro blastogenic responses of patients with moderate to advanced periodontitis and of orally healthy (control) individuals to 11 spirochetes were assayed. Eight isolates of Treponema denticola, two isolates of T. vincentii, and one isolate of T. phagedenis were grown anaerobically, sonicated, and centrifuged to remove cellular debris. The blastogenic responses of peripheral blood lymphocytes were measured by [3H]-thymidine uptake. Antibody titers (immunoglobulins A, G, and M) to the spirochetes were measured with the micro-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Dark-field microscopic enumeration of spirochetes was made from subgingival plaque. Spirochetes comprised 20% of the total number of microorganisms seen in plaque from the patients, whereas no spirochetes were seen in plaque from the controls. The blastogenic responses to the spirochetes were not statistically different (P greater than 0.05) between patients and controls. The immunoglobulin G and M antibody titers of the patients were generally lower than the titers of the controls, but the differences were rarely statistically significant. In contrast, the patients possessed significantly higher immunoglobulin A titers to seven spirochetes (T. denticola). No correlation was found between the percentage of spirochetes in the plaque sample and the blastogenic responses or titers of antibodies from an individual to the 11 spirochetes. PMID- 7118246 TI - Stimulatory effect of N-acetyl Muramyl dipeptide in vivo: proliferation of bone marrow progenitor cells in mice. AB - The effects of single and multiple injections of N-acetyl muramyl dipeptide (MDP) on peripheral leukocytes, colony-forming cells (i.e., bone marrow granulocyte macrophage progenitor cells), and the humoral immune response (to bovine serum albumin) were investigated in mice. Whereas low doses of MDP (0.1 to 1 mg/kg) provoked lymphocytosis, larger doses (10 mg/kg upward) resulted in lymphocytopenia and an increase in the number of young stab neutrophils and monocytes. MDP induced a dose-dependent increase in the number of bone-marrow macrophage progenitor cells, the maximum being reached by a dose around 10 mg/kg. A 50% increase in the maximum effect was produced by a dose around 0.1 mg/kg. The higher the dose, the longer the increase in these progenitor cells persisted. MDP mediated a dose-dependent antibody response to small amounts of bovine serum albumin, correlating with the proliferation of progenitor cells. PMID- 7118248 TI - Growth inhibition of oral streptococci in saliva by anionic proteins from two caries-free individuals. AB - Mixed saliva from two caries-free individuals possessed antimicrobial activity toward Streptococcus mutans and S. sanguis. This inhibitory activity was attributed to the presence of a group of four anionic proteins each of which strongly inhibited the growth of the oral streptococci in a saliva protein-based medium but not in a medium containing amino acids as a nitrogen source. These proteins, with isoelectric points of 4.70, 4.90, 4.98, and 5.05, respectively, neither reacted with antisera to immunoglobulin A, G, or M nor appeared to be functionally related to a number of salivary peroxidases, lactoferrin, or lysozyme. On this basis, they may represent a previously unreported group of growth-inhibitory antimicrobial factors occurring in the saliva of some individuals. PMID- 7118247 TI - Development of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in the respiratory tract after natural infection with respiratory syncytial virus. AB - Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) was measured in nasopharyngeal secretions collected from 42 infants and young children at various intervals after primary or secondary infection with respiratory syncytial virus. ADCC was determined by specific immune release of 51Cr from respiratory syncytial virus-infected HEp-2 cell culture monolayers, with lymphocytes from adult volunteers as effector cells. Specific ADCC responses in nasopharyngeal secretions after primary infection were observed as early as 3 days after the onset of clinical symptoms, and peak activity was observed 14 to 29 days after the onset of illness. ADCC responses after reinfection were significantly greater in both the acute and convalescent phases (P less than 0.05) than were ADCC responses after primary infection. ADCC in secretions was mediated primarily by the immunoglobulin G isotype of respiratory syncytial virus antibody. PMID- 7118249 TI - Influence of the indigenous microbiota on amounts of protein, DNA, and alkaline phosphatase activity extractable from epithelial cells of the small intestines of mice. AB - Germfree mice housed in isolators under controlled environmental and nutritional conditions were associated with an intestinal microflora. These associated animals and germfree mice drawn from the same population were used in experiments in which saline extracts of cells from the small intestine were assayed for alkaline phosphatase activity and for protein and DNA content. Epithelial cells were harvested from the intestines sequentially from the villous tips to the crypts of Lieberkuhn. In all preparations, germfree animals yielded from one and one-third to one and one-half times the mass (wet weight) of cells yielded by associated mice. Likewise, for all preparations, extracts of the mass of cells from germfree mice contained more protein and DNA per milliliter than did extracts from associated animals. The ratio of the amount of extractable protein or DNA per milliliter of extract to the total wet weight of the cells in milligrams was about the same, however, for preparations from germfree and associated animals. All preparations from germfree animals yielded higher total alkaline phosphatase activities than those from associated mice. When related to the amount of DNA in the cells, the enzymatic activities were slightly but not significantly higher in preparations from germfree animals, except for preparations of cells removed from the tips of the villi. When related to the amount of protein in the extracts, the enzymatic activity (i.e., specific activity) was about the same in preparations from germfree and from associated mice, except (again) for preparations of cells removed from the tips of the villi. In the latter preparations, the specific alkaline phosphatase activities and enzymatic activities calculated relative to the amount of DNA were substantially higher for germfree animals than for mice with a microflora. Individual intestinal epithelial cells from germfree and associated animals, except those close to the villous tips, contain about the same alkaline phosphatase activity. Therefore, germfree mice must yield more activity of such microvillous enzymes than do mice with a microflora, partly because enterocytes at the tips of the villi in germfree mice contain more protein with enzymatic activity than do cells in a comparable location in mice with a microflora. In addition, the small intestines of germfree mice contain more activity of enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase than do those of associated animals because the small intestines of the former animals contain more enterocytes than do those of the latter. PMID- 7118250 TI - Cell surface origin of antigens shed by Leishmania donovani during growth in axenic culture. AB - Antisera against isolated cell surface preparations (PCSP-As) of Leishmania donovani promastigotes were used to detect extracellular antigens produced during the growth of these organisms in four different growth media. The PCSP-As precipitated two major antigenically identical but electrophoretically distinct components, in addition to several minor antigens. Immunoelectrophoretic studies employing PCSP-As, PCSP-As absorbed with intact, live promastigotes, and PCSP-As absorbed with a major extracellular antigen demonstrated the antigenic identity between the major extracellular antigens and two major components externally disposed at the surface of promastigotes. Growth curve kinetic investigations suggested that the major extracellular antigens did not appear in the growth media primarily as a result of cell lysis or damage. The carbohydrate nature of the major extracellular antigens was indicated by physicochemical characterization. PMID- 7118251 TI - Lymphocyte-mediated immune cytotoxicity in dogs infected with virulent canine distemper virus. AB - Immune lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity (ILMC) was evaluated in dogs after intranasal exposure to one of the following three virulent strains of canine distemper virus: Cornell A75/17, Ohio R252, and Snyder Hill. Cytotoxicity was tested with peripheral blood lymphocytes as effector cells and primary dog testicle cells that were matched for histocompatibility as target cells. A strong correlation was found between ILMC and the course of the infection. Dogs that succumbed to encephalitis with any of the strains had little or no ILMC, whereas dogs that recovered had the highest activity. In the intermediate range were dogs with a delayed or reduced ILMC which developed persistent but subclinical central nervous system infections. A significant difference in onset, peak, and duration of ILMC was observed in dogs infected with different strains of canine distemper virus. ILMC responses began at 14 days postinfection (p.i.), reached a peak at 21 to 28 days p.i., and returned to preinoculation levels by 63 to 70 days p.i. in canine distemper virus A75/17- and R252-infected dogs. In contrast, ILMC in canine distemper virus Snyder Hill-infected dogs began at 10 days p.i., peaked by 14 to 17 days p.i., and approached preinoculation levels by 28 days p.i. Antiviral immunity as measured by ILMC appears to be a critical factor in determining the outcome in canine distemper virus-infected hosts. Furthermore, for certain viral biotypes, a delayed ILMC response correlated with persistent infection of the central nervous system. PMID- 7118252 TI - Specificity of immunoglobulin E in coccidioidomycosis and correlation with disease involvement. AB - Serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies were quantitated in 26 patients with active pulmonary coccidioidomycosis, 59 patients with active disseminated disease, 12 patients in clinical remission, and 91 healthy subjects. Significant differences were obtained in IgE serum levels of patients with active disease versus healthy subjects (P less than 0.0001). Patients with pulmonary coccidioidomycosis did not differ in their IgE levels when compared with patients with disseminated disease. However, serum IgE levels were significantly increased in patients with disease involving two or more organ systems when compared with patients with pulmonary disease or extrapulmonary disease involving a single organ system (P less than 0.02). Total serum IgE correlated with anti Coccidioides IgE (P less than 0.001), but with only six exceptions, patients with anti-Coccidioides IgE also exhibited IgE antibodies to 1 or more of 12 common allergens. The correlation between hyperproduction of IgE and disease severity coupled with the depressed cell-mediated immune status of patients with this disease suggests a defect(s) in the T-lymphocyte population which functions to regulate IgE synthesis. PMID- 7118253 TI - Protection against pulmonary blastomycosis: correlation with cellular and humoral immunity in mice after subcutaneous nonlethal infection. AB - A model of pulmonary blastomycosis in the mouse, in which the portal of entry is the same as natural human infection, was used to study resistance to challenge after subcutaneous infection. One week after subcutaneous infection, mice were partially resistant to pulmonary challenge, and mice challenged two weeks after infection were resistant. Measurement of cellular and humoral immune responses to Blastomyces dermatitidis antigens after subcutaneous infection showed the following. (i) Delayed-type hypersensitivity appeared 1 week after infection, and responses increased for 3 weeks thereafter. (ii) Proliferative responses in vitro appeared in spleen cells at 1 week and in contralateral lymph node cells at 3 weeks, (iii) Serum antibody, detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, appeared 1 week after infection and then increased in titer. (iv) Peritoneal macrophages were activated to inhibit replication of B. dermatitidis in vitro by the first week after infection. Prior subcutaneous infection also resulted in rapid clearing of a second subcutaneous challenge, as well as resistance to a lethal intraperitoneal challenge. This resistance was associated with the development of cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. These data provide a chronological framework for selective transfer experiments. PMID- 7118254 TI - Cell-mediated cytotoxicity against rat fibroblasts induced by Actinomyces viscosus. AB - Cell-mediated cytotoxicity against syngeneic fetal rat fibroblasts that require in vitro exposure of effector cells to Actinomyces viscosus Ny1 fractions was investigated by measuring the uptake of radioactivity by fibroblasts during a 2-h pulse with [14C]aminoisobutyric acid after 1 to 3 days of coculture with splenic effector cells. By using splenocytes from inbred RIC-Sprague-Dawley rats as effector cells and syngeneic embryonic rat fibroblasts as target cells, strong cell-mediated cytotoxicity dependent on the in vitro exposure to an A. viscosus Ny1 fraction was observed, but only within a small range of effector-to-target cell ratios (3:1 to 10:1). Concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli induced a comparable cytotoxicity, indicating that the effect might be connected with the mitogenic activity of the A. viscosus NY1 fraction. Splenocytes from rats immunized with A. viscosus Ny1 and from control rats induced similar levels of cytotoxicity in 72-h cytotoxicity assays. In shorter assays (24 h), however, splenocytes from immune animals induced low cytotoxicity, which was, however, significantly higher than that induced by splenocytes from control animals. We conclude that both antigen- and mitogen-dependent cell mediated effector mechanisms are operative in this system and that the two normally overlapping effects can be experimentally separated. This new system describes a fibroblast impairment in the presence of splenocytes and bacterial components and may provide a useful model for studying pathogenic mechanisms operative in periodontal disease. PMID- 7118255 TI - Detection of tissue culture-adapted Theiler's virus RNA in spinal cord white matter cells throughout infection. AB - The appearance of histological lesions and the localization of viral RNA in the central nervous system of mice infected with tissue culture-adapted Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (WW strain) (TMEV-WW) was studied. Viral RNA was detected by autoradiography after in situ hybridization, using a (3)H-labeled DNA probe complementary to virion RNA, which was applied to deparaffinized sections of central nervous system tissues from infected mice. Subjacent histological sections of tissues were used to assess the location and extent of lesions. Lesions were first observed at 20 days post-inoculation and appeared to enlarge throughout infection. They consisted of infiltrates of mononuclear cells and lymphocytes in spinal cord white matter and leptomeninges; at 78 days post inoculation severe necrotizing and demyelinative myelitis and gliosis were observed. In contrast to the pathogenesis of brain-derived TMEV-WW-infected mice, no lesions were found in the central nervous system gray matter of mice infected with tissue culture-adapted TMEV-WW at any time post-infection. Tissue culture adapted viral RNA was found in the cells of spinal cord white matter throughout infection; only one neuron in close proximity to the injection site was found to contain viral RNA shortly after infection. At early times after infection, spinal cord white matter cells containing viral RNA were found before development of inflammatory lesions; at later days post-inoculation, positive cells were found within, at the periphery of, or at a distance from lesions. The number of infected cells and the amount of viral RNA per cell appeared to remain constant from 20 to 78 days post-inoculation despite the increasing intensity of the inflammatory response. The nearly exclusive spinal cord white matter tropism of tissue culture-adapted TMEV-WW appeared to directly correlate with the disease inducing potential of this virus. PMID- 7118257 TI - Biological monitoring of occupational exposure to methyl ethyl ketone by means of urinalysis for methyl ethyl ketone itself. AB - Head space gas chromatography (GC) was applied to measure methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) in urine from 62 MEK-exposed male workers, whose individual intensity of exposure to MEK was monitored utilizing the carbon felt dosimeter. The urinary MEK level increased rapidly to reach a plateau in the first quarter of the daily 8-h work, while very little MEK was detected in the preshift urine. When the MEK levels in the urine at the end of the shift were compared with the afternoon MEK TWA values, the uncorrected MEK in urine correlated best with MEK in air (r = 0.774, n = 62), while correction for creatinine gave a comparable result and the correlation was poorer when corrected for a specific gravity of urine or for the lapse of time after preceding passage of urine. Balance of MEK absorption via inhalation and MEK excretion into urine revealed that only 0.1% of MEK absorbed will be excreted unchanged into urine. Wider application of head space GC is discussed for the analysis of unmetabolized solvents in urine. PMID- 7118256 TI - Influenza A virus-induced polymorphonuclear leukocyte dysfunction. AB - Previous studies have shown that influenza A virus can activate the polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) respiratory burst and that upon subsequent stimulation of the cell there is depressed metabolic function. We examined the mechanism by which influenza virus causes PMN dysfunction by measuring the effect upon the chemiluminescent activity of cells of varying the type of influenza virus used, the period of time that cells were exposed to virus, and the secondary stimulus that was used. The various types of intact influenza virus elicited different amounts of chemiluminescent activity, but when cells were subsequently stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate, each virus caused equivalent depression of the PMN response. Purified glycoproteins incorporated into a liposome structure similarly stimulated the PMN chemiluminescence, yet did not induce PMN dysfunction. Depressed PMN function was noted after as little as 5 min of incubation of cells with virus and occurred to both receptor-dependent (zymosan, N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, and phorbol myristate acetate) and -independent (calcium ionophore A23187) stimuli. PMID- 7118258 TI - Lead in deciduous teeth of children living in a non-ferrous smelter area and a rural area of the FRG. AB - Lead concentrations were measured in the deciduous teeth (incisors) of 302 children living in a lead-smelter area in the FRG (Stolberg, Rheinland) and of 86 children living in a nonpolluted rural area (Gummersbach, Bergisches Land). Blood lead levels were determined in 83 of the children living in the lead-smelter area. On average, tooth lead levels of children living in the smelter area (mean: 6.0 microgram/g; range: 1.49-38.5 microgram/g) were significantly higher than those of children living in the rural area (mean: 3.9 microgram/g; range: 1.6-9.4 microgram/g). Blood lead levels were 6.8-33.8 microgram/100 ml (mean: 14.3 microgram/100 ml). Children of lead-workers had on average higher tooth lead and blood lead levels than children of people who were not lead-workers. Tooth lead levels increased with increasing duration of residence in the lead-smelter area and with the degree of local environmental pollution by lead, as indicated by the lead content of the atmospheric dust fall-out around the children's homes. The correlation coefficient of tooth lead vs blood lead was 0.47. The intra individual variability of tooth lead levels was low (r = 0.86), and tooth lead levels of brothers and sisters were similar (r = 0.75), suggesting that tooth lead may be used as a representative and reliable indicator of long-term lead exposure. PMID- 7118260 TI - Effect of chronic and acute exposure to noise on physiological functions in man. AB - Physiological parameters have been compared in 75 normal healthy individuals exposed to occupational noise of 88-107 dB(A) (6-8h/day) for 10-15 years and in 36 normal non-exposed subjects. Blood pressure, both systolic (P less than 0.01) and diastolic (P less than 0.001), and heart rate (P less than 0.05) were found to be significantly higher in the exposed subjects. Irregularity in cardiac rhythm, both in amplitude and duration, was found in 18% of the exposed subjects as against 6% in the non-exposed group. Variation in the heart rate during acute noise exposure of 90 dB(A) has been shown to be related with the preponderance of tonicity of sympathetics and parasympathetics. Measurement of hand blood flow during the same exposure showed a lesser degree of vasoconstriction and a slower recovery rate in the exposed group. Altered observations in the exposed group could be attributed to changes in the mechanical property of blood vessels. PMID- 7118259 TI - Biomonitoring of occupational toluene exposure. AB - Toluene exposure was studied in 20 workers employed in painting and hand finishing in an art furniture factory. Toluene was determined in the environmental air of places of work and in the alveolar air and blood of the workers. Hippuric acid and cresols were also tested in the workers' urine. Blood and urine tests were carried out before the work shift on Monday and Friday morning and at the end of the work shift on Friday afternoon. The other tests were performed on Friday afternoon only. Alveolar toluene concentrations, which were significantly correlated with environmental toluene concentrations (r = 0.6230; P less than 0.01), corresponded to 19.4% of the toluene concentration in the atmosphere. Blood toluene was also found in painters on Monday morning and was significantly correlated with the other parameters. On Friday afternoon it was three times higher than the environmental toluene concentration. Urinary o Cresol was highly correlated with toluene in the atmosphere, in blood and with hippuric acid in urine. On the basis of the slope of the regression line the ratio between urinary o-Cresol and blood toluene concentration was 0.99. At the end of the work shift urinary hippuric acid concentration was highly correlated with o-Cresoluria and with toluene in blood and in the atmosphere. PMID- 7118261 TI - [Catecholamine excretion during physical exercise and mental performance]. AB - The basal and exercise-induced heart rates, lactate levels, and the adrenaline and noradrenaline excretions in the urine were measured during different types of physical exercise and mental performance: during moderate physical exercise (Ia, n = 12), submaximal physical exercise (Ib, n = 24), during moderate mental performance (motorway driving, IIa and IIb, n = 25), higher-grade mental performance (driving car-simulator, III, n = 14), and during submaximal mental performance (car racing, IV, n = 48). The moderate physical exercise and moderate mental performance could not be differentiated from one another, or from the higher-grade mental performance using the above-mentioned parameters. Both the submaximal physical exercise and mental performance resulted in a comparable lactate acidosis, heart rate increase, and noradrenaline excretion; the excretion of adrenaline is, however, 3 times higher after submaximal mental performance, than after submaximal physical exercise. The ratio of adrenaline to noradrenaline excretion changed from approximately 1:4 (during physical exercise and moderate mental performance) to approximately 1:2 during submaximal mental performance. The excretion of adrenaline and the ratio of adrenaline to noradrenaline excretion can therefore be used to differentiate between higher-grade mental performance and physical exercise. These parameters can be easily measured without discomfort to the subjects. PMID- 7118262 TI - [Investigations on the correlation between vinyl chloride (VCM)-uptake and excretion of its metabolites by 15 VCM-exposed workers. II. Measurements of the urinary excretion of the vcm-metabolite thiodiglycolic acid ]. AB - Fifteen workers employed in a PVC producing plant were investigated concerning their individual vinyl chloride (VCM) exposure and the urinary excretion of the VCM metabolite thiodiglycolic acid (TdGA). The urine concentrations found were in the range 0.94-20.4 microgram/ml. These could be compared with exposure data calculated from VCM air analyses performed by personal air sampling and corrected with respect to the exposure times of the workers. The amounts of TdGA excreted within 24 h were correlated with the effective VCM body concentrations calculated from the exposure data as mean values for 12 h periods (Spearman coefficient P=alpha less than 0.005). This correlation resembles a function of the Michaelis Menten type. It could be shown that during short exposure periods of less than 5 min, the metabolite formation in relation to the exposure data was lower than during longer periods of exposure although, as would be expected, there were some fluctuations of the exposure level. Therefore, the VCM body concentrations could not normally reach steady state values. PMID- 7118263 TI - Current status of testosterone substitution therapy. PMID- 7118264 TI - Is testosterone involved in the initiation of spermatogenesis in humans? A clinicopathological presentation and physiological considerations in four patients with Leydig cell tumours of the testis or secondary Leydig cell hyperplasia. PMID- 7118266 TI - Relation between sperm count and semen volume, and pregnancies obtained during a twenty-year follow-up period. AB - The clinical fertility of 1077 men investigated with sperm analysis including sperm count and semen volume during the years 1950-52 was studied 20 years later using a questionnaire, replied by 785 (72.9%). There was a significant correlation (P less than 0.01) between sperm count and number of living children, but no relation to abortions and pathological pregnancies. Furthermore, sperm count was correlated (P less than 0.01) to time interval from wish of pregnancy to pregnancy obtained. Of 53 men with sperm count less than or equal to 5 mill/ml 22.6% obtained living children compared with 52.2-63.1% living children in 730 men with sperm count greater than 5 mill/ml. Sperm count is concluded to be proper for fertility classification, and sperm count 5 mill/ml is found to be the clinically significant borderline of male infertility. There was no relation between semen volume and pregnancies obtained, however, there was a statistical relation (P less than 0.01) to time interval to pregnancy obtained. Semen volume is concluded not to be suited for fertility classification. PMID- 7118267 TI - Spermatogenesis in the immature mouse proceeds faster than in the adult. AB - The first appearance of spermatogenic cell types related to the age of the animal was studied in sections and tubular whole mounts of testes of normal mice (Cpb-N strain) up to 34 days pp. The first intermediate spermatogonia and leptotene spermatocytes were seen at days 4 and 7 p.p., respectively. It was found that the subsequent types of spermatogenic cells appear earlier than could be expected if spermatogenesis was to proceed at adult speed. [3H]thymidine labelling studies revealed that within a given interval of time, spermatocytes and spermatids in immature mice develop into more advanced cell types than in adults. The labelling studies and the observation that the cellular associations are always identical to those in the adult, indicate that the rate of acceleration in young mice is the same for spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids. The mean duration of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium during the age interval of 10 to 30 days p.p. is 7.51 +/- 0.10 days, compared to 8.61 +/- 0.08 in the adult. It increases gradually towards the adult level, reaching the value of 8.45 +/- 0.17 days between days 33 and 56 p.p. PMID- 7118268 TI - Antispermatogenic/antiandrogenic properties of solasodine (C27H43O2N) obtained from solanum xanthocarpum berries on the male genital tract of dog (Canis familiaris). A histophysiological approach. AB - Chronic administration of solasodine (20 mg/kg alt. day for 30 days) caused testicular lesions resulting in a severe impairment of spermatogenic elements. The epididymides were devoid of spermatozoa. Total protein, sialic acid and glycogen contents of the testis and epididymis were reduced significantly whereas the testicular cholesterol was elevated. Acid Phosphatase enzyme activity of the testes was low after solasodine treatment. Serum enzymes (SGPT, alkaline phosphatase) serum protein, triglycerides, non esterified fatty acid levels were in normal range when compared with their own controls. Cholesterol and phospholipid levels were elevated after solasodine treatment to intact dogs. Reduced androgen production was reflected in low levels of sialic acid in the testes and epididymides and reduced Leydig cell nuclei. Castration alone brought about reduction in size of the epididymis. Castration followed by solasodine treatment caused epididymal degeneration. Simultaneous administration of TP to solasodine treated castrated dogs failed to stimulate the epididymal growth. Antispermatogenic/antiandrogenic activity of the compound solasodine is discussed. Solasodine administration in dogs definitely rendered the male infertile as evidenced by the absence of sperms in the cauda epididymis and ductus deferens. PMID- 7118265 TI - Spermatogenesis in men treated with injections of medroxyprogesterone acetate combined with testosterone enanthate. AB - The effects of a combination of medroxyprogesterone acetate and testosterone enanthate, on the exocrine and endocrine testicular function were examined in adult men. The treatment was carried out with 2 different regimens and lasted for 8 months. Group I received an initial injection of 1000 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate and 500 mg testosterone enanthate followed by monthly maintenance dose of 150 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate and 500 mg testosterone enanthate. In group II, after an initial high dose of 1000 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate and 250 mg testosterone enanthate treatment was given as biweekly injections of 75 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate and 250 mg testosterone enanthate. Complete spermatogenic arrest of variable duration was achieved in all 9 subjects enrolled. Restoration of spermatogenesis occurred in both groups, in a few cases during the treatment, and there was a delay of full recovery of sperm counts up to 5 months after cessation of therapy. None of the subjects enrolled in this study complained of decrease in libido or change in sexual behaviour. Clinical evaluation and measurements of various urine and serum components revealed no significant changes during the treatment period. The dosage and the different administration schedule of the hormone combination described here was inadequate to maintain azoospermia in all subjects during treatment. PMID- 7118269 TI - A direct effect of alpha-chlorohydrin on rat epididymal spermatozoa. AB - The effect of alpha-chlorohydrin (alpha-CH) on rat epididymal spermatozoa was studied in vivo and in vitro. Alpha-CH was injected sc in doses of 5 and 20 mg daily for 16 days. The 20 mg dose resulted in diminished epididymal spermatozoal content (8 +/- 4 vs. 44 +/- 5 million, m +/- SE, n = 5) and motility (13 +/- 7 vs. 74 +/- 4%) as compared to saline injected-controls. Fertility rates were significantly reduced; control-100% (5/5), 5 mg - 25% (1/4), 20 mg - 0% (0/4). Alpha-CH was added to suspensions of spermatozoa in vitro and a level of 132 micrograms/ml depressed motility by 90% (P less than 0.0001) and O2 consumption by 40% (P less than 0.05). Intrauterine insemination of in vitro treated spermatozoa was performed in 61 pro-oestrous rats. Alpha-CH treated spermatozoa (from 5.3 to 26.400 micrograms/ml) were found to be completely infertile compared to untreated spermatozoa which showed a 63% fertility rate. There was almost complete absence of oocytes in the flushed ampullas of recipients of alpha-CH treated sperm, in the lowest dose which did not affect sperm motility. Thus, alpha-CH has direct effect upon spermatozoal function and also has a possible effect on the female reproductive tract. PMID- 7118270 TI - Potassium leakage: not the cause of gossypol induced anti-motility in spermatozoa. PMID- 7118271 TI - Local differences in Leydig cell morphology in the adult rat testis: evidence for a local control of Leydig cells by adjacent seminiferous tubules. AB - In order to test the hypothesis that Leydig cell function in the adult rat testis is influenced by the surrounding tubules, Leydig cell morphology was compared in different types of interstitial areas. Triangular interstitial areas surrounded by 3 cross-sectioned tubules in nearly the same stage of spermatogenesis were chosen for quantitative light microscopy. It was found that the volume density of Leydig cells in such areas was about 30%, except when the surrounding tubules were in stages IX-X or XI-XII, when it was only about 20%. This variation in total Leydig cell mass seemed to be due to a variation in Leydig cell size and not in Leydig cell number. The largest Leydig cell profile area, 118 +/- 6 micrometers 2 (mean +/- SE n = 6 rats), was observed when the surrounding tubules were in stages VII-VIII, i.e. just prior to sperm release. The smallest Leydig cells were seen when the surrounding tubules were in stages IX-X and XI-XII (68 +/- 3 and 66 +/- 4 micrometers 2). The present results indicate that there may be a Leydig cell cycle in the adult rat testis, which is regulated by the adjacent tubules. PMID- 7118272 TI - Nature of the proteins which form disulfide bonds during the maturation of rat spermatozoa. AB - The proteins which form disulfide bonds during the maturation of rat spermatozoa were studied by comparing the [14C]carboxamidomethylated products between the caput and caudal spermatozoa. The total incorporation of [14C]iodoacetamide into 10(6) spermatozoa from the caput epididymis was 13.4 nmole, and those from the caudal epididymis was 3.6 nmole. The proteins extractable from the caput and caudal spermatozoa showed no detectable difference in SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic patterns. Similarly, no detectable change was observed when the proteins were extracted and analysed on polyacrylamide gel containing the cationic detergent cetyltrimethyl-ammoniumbromide (CTAB). However, when the [14C]carboxamidomethylated products were compared, large differences were evident. There were 4 major carboxamidomethylated products on proteins with molecular weights of 32.000; 29.000; 22.000; and 13.000. The 32.000 and 29.000 dalton proteins were carboxamidomethylated about 15 times in the caput over the caudal spermatozoa. The results suggest that these 4 proteins constitute the majority of those which form disulfide bonds during the maturation of rat spermatozoa. The probable origins of those proteins were briefly discussed. PMID- 7118276 TI - INfluence of gamma-irradiation on exudate production and dry weight of hake fillets. PMID- 7118275 TI - On the in vivo measurement of mercury using neutron capture and x-ray fluorescence. PMID- 7118273 TI - Effect of androgens on the activity of acid hydrolases in rat epididymis. AB - The enzymatic activity of 6 acid hydrolases was studied in rat epididymal homogenates following castration, testosterone replacement and during postnatal growth. Acid phosphatase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity decreased after castration and increased with hormonal treatment as well as during growth. Beta-Glucuronidase and cathepsin D activity increased during the involution of the organ and decreased or did not change with hormone treatment or during sexual maturation. Arylsulphatase and deoxyribonuclease did not recover normal activity after hormonal treatment. Their activities were particularly high in epididymal and rete testis fluid of normal animals. PMID- 7118274 TI - Simple labeling of omega-phenylfatty acids by iodine isotope exchange. AB - Within 1 h 15-(p-iodophenyl)-pentadecanoic acid (p-IPPA) can easily be labeled with 123I by iodine-isotope exchange. In contrast to the electrophilic aromatic substitution procedure this method enables a 95% radiochemical yield. The so formed p-123IPPA can be used without the application of any complicated separation techniques. By comparison with commercially available 17 [123I]iodoheptadecanoic acid (123IHA) p-123IPPA shows a remarkably higher uptake in a rabbit heart. Additionally the background activity of p-123IPPA proved to be lower than that measured with 123IHA. p-123IPPA thus indicating its suitability for routine applications in nuclear medical heart diagnosis. PMID- 7118277 TI - The preparation of 37Ar in sterile solution suitable for injection in vivo. PMID- 7118278 TI - Radioiodinated 1-carboxamidino-4-phenylpiperazine: a potential adrenal and myocardial imaging radiopharmaceutical. AB - This report describes the synthesis of radioiodinated 1-carboxamidino-4 phenylpiperazine, an aralkyl-guanidine with good adrenal and myocardial selectivity. As a tertiary aniline, the benzene portion of the molecule readily undergoes direct electrophilic radioiodination under mild reaction conditions to yield a single product with high specific activity which can be rapidly purified by anion exchange. Biodistribution studies in rats show high uptake in both the heart and the adrenals. The activity in the adrenals is retained for a prolonged period, whereas that in the heart declines with a 4-5 h half-life. The high uptake and target tissue-to-blood ratios suggest the potential use of this agent for myocardial and adrenomedullary imaging. PMID- 7118280 TI - Radiochemical purity control of radiolabeled drugs. PMID- 7118279 TI - Ytterbium-169-phytate: a potential new radiopharmaceutical for functional scintigraphy of the liver. AB - A new radiopharmaceutical for liver scintigraphy has been prepared by reacting 169YbOCl with Na phytate under conditions which yield a labelling efficiency of more than 99% over a wide pH range. In rabbits the resultant colloidal preparation shows a rapid elimination from the blood and high initial uptake in liver. Subsequently about 90% of the liver activity is lost within 3 days, the remainder being eliminated more slowly. The radiopharmaceutical is non-toxic and has a shelf-life of about 3 months. Scintigrams obtained in patients with hepatomegaly suggest that this new agent gives better visualization of space occupying lesions of the liver than 99mTc-Sn colloid. The radiation dose to the patient from this agent is low and comparable with that from other radiopharmaceuticals used for liver scintigraphy. PMID- 7118281 TI - Labeling glass fibers with 99mTc. PMID- 7118283 TI - Adding glucose to dialysate: pros and cons. PMID- 7118282 TI - Desferrioxamine in the management of dialysis hemosiderosis. PMID- 7118284 TI - What is the evidence for accelerated atherogenesis in uremia? PMID- 7118285 TI - Plasma exchange--how does it work? PMID- 7118286 TI - Hemodialysis without anticoagulants in patients with high bleeding risk. PMID- 7118287 TI - The effect of hemoperfusion over uncoated and polymer-coated charcoal on hematological levels in the conscious rat. AB - An investigation has been made of the suitability of a rat hemoperfusion system for the evaluation of hematological changes induced by charcoal hemoperfusion. The investigation studied the influence on erythrocyte, leucocyte and thrombocyte levels of repeated hemoperfusion over Norit RBX1 charcoal, hemoperfusion over polymer-coated Norit RBX1 and hemoperfusion over uncoated spherical charcoal. Controls included animals subjected to hemoperfusion through empty columns and animals cannulated only. The results indicate that changes in erythrocyte and leucocyte levels are due principally to passage of blood through the extracorporeal circuit rather than contact with the adsorbent but that changes in thrombocyte levels are dependent on the type of charcoal and the nature and extent of polymer coating. The investigation suggests that the rat hemoperfusion system is a suitable procedure for the assessment of the compatibility of adsorbents to be used in hemoperfusion. PMID- 7118288 TI - Erythrocytapheresis with red blood cell replacement by DFC as an emergency therapy. PMID- 7118289 TI - Histological reactions of porous tip endocardial electrodes implanted in sheep. AB - The tissue reaction caused by a sintered tip electrode is compared with that of a platinum-iridium tip electrode in a work which employs implantation in sheep and follow-up of the implant for up to 90 days. Clinical tests and anatomo pathological examination of the histological sections were performed. The results show a remarkably rapid fixation to the heart for the porous electrode with formation of limited inflammatory process, a thin fibrous capsule and modest alteration of the endocardial tissue. Conversely, the platinum-iridium electrode does not fix even in long periods and therefore continuously rubs the endocardial surface. Chronic inflammation and formation of remarkably thick connective capsule results, under which the heart seems mode deeply altered. PMID- 7118290 TI - Leucocyte occlusion of cuprophane membranes as a cause of reduced hemodialysis efficiency. PMID- 7118291 TI - Hepatic silicone emboli due to fragmentation of roller pump tubing. PMID- 7118292 TI - Psoriasis improvement with plasmapheresis. PMID- 7118293 TI - Optimizing tobramycin therapy in a hemodialysis patient. PMID- 7118294 TI - Role of NK cells in the control of metastatic spread and growth of tumor cells in mice. AB - The ability of BALB/c nude and C57BL/6 mice to eliminate tumor cells from the blood stream was severely impaired after a single inoculation of 0.2 ml of anti asialo BMI (asGMI) serum, diluted 1:40 to 1:320. The number of i.v.-inoculated YAC-I cells surviving in the lungs of BALB/c nude mice pretreated with anti-asGMI serum was 28 times higher than in the control nude mice. In this respect, nude mice treated with anti-asGMI behaved similarly to beige mice. The increase in the initial survival of tumor cells in the mice that was induced by pre-treatment with anti-asGMI resulted in a substantial increase in the number of artificial lung metastases that developed. In C57BL/6 +/+ mice treated with anti-asGMI and in C57BL/6 beige mice, i.v. inoculation of B16 melanoma cells induced 10 times more metastatic foci in the lungs than in the control C57BL/6 +/+ mice. In contrast, in nude mice which possess higher levels of NK reactivity, metastatic growth was suppressed 7-fold in comparison with intact C57BL/6 +/+ mice. In beige mice and in C57BL/6 +/+ mice treated with anti-asGMI, multiple metastatic foci developed in the liver, whereas in control C57BL/6 +/+ and nude mice, no extrapulmonary metastases were found. These data indicate that B16 melanoma cells are able to grow in the liver, but their growth is ordinarily prevented by NK cells. The antimetastatic defense of C57BL/6 mice treated by anti-asGMI could be restored by transplantation of 40 X 10(6) normal spleen cells. This antimetastatic effect of transplanted spleen cells was mediated by asGMI-bearing cells, since after in vitro pre-treatment of normal spleen cells with anti-asGMI and complement, they lost their ability to inhibit the development of artificial metastases in the lungs of C57BL/6 mice. Suppression of NK reactivity by multiple injections of anti-asGMI (every 4 to 5 days), in C57BL/6 mice inoculated intrafootpad (i.f.p.) with B16 melanoma or 3LL tumor cells, did not influence the growth of local tumors, but dramatically accelerated the development of spontaneous pulmonary metastases. These data demonstrate that NK cells may play an important role in resistance to the dissemination of tumor cells, and therefore contribute to the control of metastasis formation in mice. PMID- 7118296 TI - Expression on cultured human tumour cells of placental trophoblast membrane antigens and placental alkaline phosphatase defined by monoclonal antibodies. AB - The cellular reactivity of six monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) produced to isolated human placental syncytiotrophoblast microvillous plasma membranes has been examined using a variety of normal and malignant cell types. Two McAbs reacted with antigenic determinants common to most normal human cells. Two other McAbs (H310 and H316) reacted predominantly with normal placental trophoblast and with lymphocytic cells, as well as with most transformed or neoplastic cultured cell lines. Two further McAbs (H315 and H317) identified foetal differentiation antigens expressed only on the membranes of normal placental trophoblast and of certain tumor cell lines. H317 has been shown to be specific for the heat-stable L-phenylalanine-inhibitable placental-type alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme. These latter McAbs (H315 and H317) may prove useful in monitoring of some human cancers. PMID- 7118295 TI - The role of differentiation in the suppression of tumorigenicity in human cell hybrids. AB - HeLax human keratinocyte hybrid cell populations behave like transformed cells in culture but do not form progressive tumors when inoculated into athymic nude mice. In this respect they behave like HeLa/fibroblast hybrids (Stanbridge et al., 1982). However, the small nodules that do form occasionally have the appearance of moderate to highly differentiated squamous-cell carcinomas. These observations suggest that differentiation might be the signal suppressing growth of human hybrid cells in vivo. Differentiation occurs rapidly and is not site specific. Reconstitution of HeLa/keratinocyte hybrid cells in culture from differentiated nodules gave rise to a line of stem cells, capable of renewed proliferation and differentiation, and a line which lost the ability to differentiate and formed large, progressive tumors when reinjected. These tumors are anaplastic carcinomas that resemble tumors formed both by HeLa and tumorigenic segregant HeLa/fibroblast hybrid cells. Morphological evidence indicates that non-tumorigenic HeLa/fibroblast hybrid cells also respond to differentiation signals, whereas the tumorigenic segregants do not. Furthermore, the nontumorigenic hybrid-cells in the nude mouse take on the "phenotypic signature" of the normal parental cell irrespective of the tumorigenic parental cell. Efforts to identify factors in vitro mimicking these differentiation signals have so far failed, but such factors may be important elements in the regulation of proliferation in vivo. PMID- 7118297 TI - Abnormal sensitivity to UV-radiation in cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with hereditary cutaneous malignant melanoma and dysplastic nevus syndrome. AB - The dysplastic nevus syndrome (DNS) is a preneoplastic melanocyte abnormality which occurs in families affected by hereditary cutaneous malignant melanoma (HCMM). Although environmental exposures, especially solar UV-irradiation, have been implicated as risk factors in sporadic melanoma, the role of such exposures in the pathogenesis of HCMM is unknown. We have studied the in vitro radiation responses of six non-tumor skin fibroblast strains from HCMM/DNS patients representing five families. All six HCMM/DNS strains were found to show some degree of enhanced cell killing sensitivity, compared with normal controls, following 254 nm UV-irradiation. The abnormal survival responses appeared to relate to specific characteristics of HCMM/DNS cells since the six strains had essentially normal sensitivity to gamma-radiation. The enhanced photosensitivity was not associated with abnormal patterns in either DNA repair synthesis or UV induced inhibition and recovery of de novo DNA synthesis. The survival results are consistent with the hypothesis that the genetically determined predisposition to malignant melanoma may directly or indirectly be the consequence of increased susceptibility to UV-induced cellular damage. PMID- 7118298 TI - Growth responses of rat stomach cancer cells to gastro-entero-pancreatic hormones. AB - Various hormones and peptides were added to rat stomach cancer cells growing in vitro in a serum-free medium and the cell number was determined by a spectro photometric method. Five gastro-entero-pancreatic hormones or related peptides (tetragastrin, glucagon, secretin, cholecystokinin-pancreozymin and cerulein) significantly increased the number of stomach cancer cells from 15% to 310% of the number of control cells cultivated in a serum-free, hormone-free medium. On the other hand, insulin and vasoactive intestinal peptide, and other hormones (thyroxin, epinephrine, hydrocortisone, beta-estradiol, progesterone, testosterone), peptone broth and bovine serum albumin had no significant growth effect. All the active substances belong to the two major families of gastro entero-pancreatic polypeptide hormones, suggesting the existence of hormone receptors at the surface of stomach cancer cells. PMID- 7118300 TI - Cancers of the digestive tract, alcohol and tobacco. PMID- 7118299 TI - The characterization of non-histone proteins whose amounts increase in chromatin from mouse hepatocarcinomas. AB - A fraction containing liver- and hepatoma-specific non-histone proteins has been isolated from the chromatin of mice. Amino acid analysis of this fraction shows that it contains 16 mol of glutamic acid, 10 mol aspartic acid, 7 mol of both arginine and lysine per 100 mol and contains no cysteine or tyrosine. The proteins in this fraction are strongly associated with DNA and are co-extracted with histones from chromatin with 0.25 M HCl. In chromatin from age-related hepatomas, the amount of this fraction increased six-fold. This increase in concentrations of these chromatin proteins may be associated with changes of chromatin structure necessary to initiate malignant growth in liver cells. PMID- 7118301 TI - Surgery for ventricular tachycardia. The view from Paris. PMID- 7118302 TI - Surgery for ventricular tachycardia. The view from Philadelphia. PMID- 7118304 TI - Exercise testing may help refine the classification of hypertensive subjects. PMID- 7118303 TI - A simple exercise test in borderline and sustained essential hypertension. AB - We measured blood pressure and heart rate at rest and during exercise on a bicycle ergometer in 19 patients with borderline hypertension, in 58 with sustained essential hypertension and in a group of 30 healthy subjects of the same age. On each subject, we determined the systolic blood pressure/heart rate curve during exercise and calculated the slope and intercept. In patients with borderline hypertension, blood pressure was elevated in basal conditions but was within the normal range at the end of exercise. This caused an increased intercept (P less than 0.001) and a reduced slope (P less than 0.05) of the curve. In patients with sustained hypertension, blood pressure was elevated throughout the exercise test. This caused an increased slope (P less than 0.001) of the blood pressure/heart rate curve. The slope of the curve correlated negatively with basal heart rate in borderline hypertensive patients (P less than 0.01) and correlated positively with basal total peripheral resistance in sustained hypertensive patients (P less than 0.01). Exercise testing can help one diagnose borderline and sustained hypertension and predict the evolution of borderline hypertension toward fixed hypertension. PMID- 7118305 TI - Left ventricular geometry during partial and complete coronary occlusion in the conscious dog. AB - Seven dogs were instrumented with a left ventricular micromanometer and pairs of ultrasonic crystals to measure left ventricular wall thicknesses (control and ischemic regions) and short and long left ventricular axes; cuff occluders were placed around the left circumflex coronary artery and the inferior vena cava. Measurements were performed at rest, after 2 min of partial and complete coronary occlusion, and 1 and 10 min after release of partial and complete coronary occlusion. Left ventricular wall thickness in the ischemic region showed reduced systolic thickening during partial coronary occlusion and systolic thinning during complete coronary occlusion. During diastole, at zero pressure (inferior vena cava obstruction) the left ventricular short axis was unchanged during partial coronary occlusion but significantly increased (creep) during complete coronary occlusion (P less than 0.05), whereas after release of both partial and complete coronary occlusion the short axis at zero pressure decreased significantly (P less than 0.025). Left ventricular wall thickness at zero diastolic pressure in the ischemic region was significantly thinner during complete coronary occlusion than during control and significantly thicker (reactive hyperemia) 1 min after release of both partial and complete coronary occlusion. The long left ventricular axis remained unchanged during the entire experiment. At end-diastole, the long/short axis ratio was normal during partial (1.72; control 1.68; NS) and complete coronary occlusion (1.69; NS), but it decreased significantly from control of 2.10 to 1.99 with partial coronary occlusion and 1.85 with complete coronary occlusion (P less than 0.01). The changes in the L/S ratio during partial and complete coronary occlusion were proportional to changes in left ventricular chamber volume (correlation coefficient 0.94). Our data show that left ventricular shape remains normal at end-diastole during partial and complete coronary occlusion but becomes significantly more spherical at end-systole, with reduction of the normal tendency for the ventricle to become more elliptical during systole. These elliptical and spherical shape changes of the left ventricle during partial and complete coronary occlusion appear to be closely related to the chamber volume. PMID- 7118306 TI - Motion of the heart 1628 to 1982 and Beyond. PMID- 7118307 TI - Left ventricular function after myocardial infarction. AB - We assessed simultaneously left ventricular filling pressure and stroke index with left ventricular ejection fraction in 22 patients who had had their first transmural myocardial infarction about 11 days before the examination. Eleven were classified as anterior myocardial infarctions and 11 as inferior. Left ventricular ejection fraction was determined by equilibrium radionuclide angiocardiography. Significant correlations between left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular filling pressure or stroke index were obtained both at rest and during exercise. Left ventricular dysfunction was more severe in patients with anterior myocardial infarction whose left ventricular ejection fraction at rest was 34.9+/-3.4% as compared to 52.6+/-2.1% in inferior myocardial infarction. We conclude that the radionuclide method is as sensitive as catheterization for detecting left ventricular dysfunction at rest and during exercise in patients with myocardial infarction. PMID- 7118308 TI - Cardiokymographic wall motion pattern in patients with acute myocardial infarction. AB - We studied 50 patients with acute myocardial infarction by cardiokymography to record anterior left ventricular wall motion. Systolic outward motion was observed in 46 of 50 patients (92%). Holosystolic outward motion was characteristic of acute anterior infarction (93%) and acute subendocardial infarction (89%) but was less common in acute inferior infarction (29%). Partial systolic outward motion was seen in 8 of the 14 patients with acute inferior infarction, but only in 2 of 36 patients with acute anterior and subendocardial infarction. Cardiokymographic abnormalities were seen in more precordial locations in acute anterior (80%) and subendocardial infarction (97%) than in inferior infarction (74%). Holosystolic outward motion was seen in 75% of all locations in acute anterior and subendocardial infarction and only in 23% in acute inferior infarction. Thus both the extent and the severity of abnormal systolic outward motion clearly separated inferior infarction from anterior and subendocardial infarction. Dynamic changes in wall motion contraction patterns were observed during the course of acute myocardial infarction; both improvement and deterioration were observed. Cardiokymography is a simple, non-invasive method to assess changes in left ventricular segmental wall motion in patients with acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7118309 TI - Cardiokymography. Another technique to record myocardial wall motion. PMID- 7118310 TI - Does mitral valve prolapse cause nonspecific symptoms? AB - I studied the prevalence and symptoms of idiopathic mitral valve prolapse by auscultation in 972 consecutive patients in an adult general medical population. Forty-five patients (4.6%) had idiopathic mitral valve prolapse defined by a nonejection click with or without a late systolic murmur. The prevalence was not significantly different in men and women. The mean age (49.9 yr) and age distribution of patients with prolapse were similar to those of patients without prolapse (47.7 yr). The prevalence of dizziness (4.1% vs. 1.5%), fatigue (4.4% vs. 2.6%), and palpitations (4.4% vs. 1.3%), was not significantly greater in patients with or without prolapse. Atypical chest pain (13% vs. 4.3%) and chronic anxiety (8.8% vs. 2.9%) were more frequent (less than 0.05) in the patients with prolapse than in those without prolapse. Of the patients with prolapse, 29 were healthy without clinically identifiable diseases while 16 had medical diseases. In the group without prolapse, 184 patients were healthy and 707 had other diseases. When patients with isolated prolapse without other associated diseases were compared to healthy patients without prolapse, the prevalence of atypical chest pain (17.4% vs. 17.2%) and chronic anxiety (7.1% vs. 10.3%) were not significantly different. When patients with prolapse and other diseases were compared to patients without prolapse and other diseases, the prevalence of atypical chest pain (6.2% vs. 1.1%) and chronic anxiety (6.2% vs. 1.7%) was again not significantly different. Thirty-two patients without prolapse were suspected but not confirmed of having disease and were not included in this analysis. The results would have been unaltered by their inclusion in the diseased group without prolapse. PMID- 7118311 TI - Is there a mitral valve prolapse syndrome? PMID- 7118312 TI - Medical writing. Grammar. Word order: the misplaced modifier. PMID- 7118313 TI - The anomaly as a necessity. Academic-industrial collaboration in research. PMID- 7118314 TI - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in general hospital wards. Time to reevaluate. PMID- 7118315 TI - Myocardial infarction with occlusions of the left anterior descending coronary artery in a 2-year-old child. PMID- 7118316 TI - On strategies for identifying neurochemical correlates of hypnotic analgesia: a brief communication. PMID- 7118318 TI - The classic suggestion effect: relationships with scales of hypnotizability, effortless experiencing, and imagery vividness. PMID- 7118317 TI - Modifying migraine headache through rational stage directed hypnotherapy: a cognitive-experiential perspective. PMID- 7118319 TI - Effort and experience on the Creative Imagination Scale. PMID- 7118320 TI - Effects of hypnotizability and mental imagery on signal detection sensitivity and response bias. PMID- 7118322 TI - Altered hydroxylation rate of triamterene in patients with liver cirrhosis. AB - After oral administration of triamterene to four patients with liver cirrhosis the triameterene (TA) metabolism was altered. The ratio of AUCs of p-hydroxy triamterene-sulfuric acid ester (OH-TA-ester)/triamterene (TA) was 1.0 +/- 1.0 in cirrhotic patients compared with 7.5 +/- 3.9 in control patients (p less than 0.025). Cumulative urinary excretion of TA was higher and that of OH-TA-ester lower in patients with liver cirrhosis compared with patients without liver disease. The results indicate that the metabolism of TA is influenced by liver cirrhosis. The extent of impairment of the metabolism of TA is correlated to reduced galactose-elimination capacity. This may be an indicator of reduced redox potential of the liver cell. PMID- 7118321 TI - Creatinine X--potential nonrenal elimination of endogenous creatinine in humans and its clinical significance. AB - From an analysis of the data in the literature for creatinine renal clearance and steady-state serum level and published equations, we estimated a wide range (1.4 76.3 ml/min) of nonrenal clearances of endogenous creatinine. Nonrenal clearance might contribute 0-34% of the total body clearance in patients with normal renal function. This paper discusses the clinical significance of the potential overestimation of renal function by using published nomograms or equations (derived from a direct inverse relationship between the creatinine clearance and steady-state level or the assumption of nonexistence of nonrenal elimination of creatinine) for indirect estimation of creatinine clearances from serum creatinine levels. PMID- 7118323 TI - The elimination of inorganic fluoride after enflurane anesthesia--transitory action on parathyroid tissue. AB - Enflurane has been introduced as a potentially useful clinical anesthetic compound. Its administration is followed by elevations of blood and urine concentrations of inorganic fluoride, whose nephrotoxicity has been previously described. Although the action of this element on the skeleton is well documented when ingested orally, its influence has not yet been investigated when it results from the metabolism of fluorinated anesthetic drugs. The present study examines renal function and calcium-phosphorus balance after administration of low concentration of enflurane. Twenty-one patients of both sexes undergoing minor surgery were selected. A statistical analysis of biologic items determined before and after anesthesia showed no significant variations of parameters involved in renal function. On the contrary, it was shown that biodegradation of enflurane was responsible for a significant change in blood and urine phosphorus concentrations. Moreover variations in phosphorus clearance suggested a transitory hypersecretion of parathyroid hormones, probably related to inorganic fluoride metabolism. Such a result is interesting because of the low blood concentration of inorganic fluoride and its transitory character. PMID- 7118324 TI - A study of package inserts of potentially toxic drugs. AB - Information contained in the package inserts of drugs chosen as potential causes of blood dyscrasia, renal toxicity, hepatotoxicity, and cardiac toxicity has been studied. Chloramphenicol and pyrazolones were chosen as representatives of drugs that could produce blood dyscrasia, aminoglycosides and cephaloridine as potential nephrotoxic agents, isoniazid and monoamine oxidase inhibitors as possible hepatotoxic drugs, and tricyclic antidepressants and digitalis as drugs of recognized cardiac toxicity. Adverse effects were clearly described in only 27.8% of the package inserts, whereas 40.3% did not mention them, and 15.7% specifically stated that the product was devoid of adverse effects. Information about the type of toxicity that led to the selection of drugs included in this study was uncommon in most cases. PMID- 7118325 TI - Clinical evidence for potentiation of synergistically acting drugs--a short communication. PMID- 7118326 TI - Pharmacokinetic study of torasemide in humans: an overview of its diuretic effect. AB - A new diuretic drug, torasemide, after oral or i. v. administration of 20 mg to six normal volunteers showed good bioavailability (greater than 91%). Its biologic half-life is about 2.5 h with a distribution volume of 180 ml/kg and a body clearance of 0.8 ml/min kg. The renal excretion represents only 25% of the total drug elimination. The excretion of water, sodium, potassium, and chloride parallels the renal excretion of torasemide. The diuretic action has a duration of 6 h, reaching its maxima during the 1st h after i. v. administration an during the 2nd h after oral administration. PMID- 7118328 TI - The multinational drug companies in Zaire: their adverse effect on cost and availability of essential drugs. AB - An analysis of the types and costs of drugs imported by seven multinational pharmaceutical companies in Zaire, an underdeveloped country in Africa, reveals that three-fourths of the drugs consisted of expensive and nonessential items. The prices of essential drugs (24 percent of their total imports) were much higher than those of available generic sources (average difference of 300 percent). The importation of nonessential drugs and high prices paid for essential drugs exacerbate the scarcity of needed items because of Zaire's limited supply of hard currency. In addition, two drug firms imported and promoted the sale of aminopyrone-dipyrone analgesic-antipyretics, drugs now rarely used in Western industrialized countries because of potentially fatal complications. Thus, in Zaire, the multinational pharmaceutical industry has an adverse effect on the availability and cost of drugs, as well as on the pattern of drug usage. PMID- 7118329 TI - Food as a human right: the case against banana plantations in the Philippines. PMID- 7118327 TI - Inequalities in health. The Black Report: a summary and comment. AB - In August 1980 the United Kingdom Department of Health and Social Security published the Report of the Working Group on Inequalities in Health, also known as the Black Report (after chairman Sir Douglas Black, President of the Royal College of Physicians). The Report showed in great detail the extent of which ill health and death are unequally distributed among the population of Britain, and suggested that these inequalities have been widening rather than diminishing since the establishment of the National Health Service in 1948. The Report concluded that these inequalities were not mainly attributable to failings in the NHS, but rather to many other social inequalities influencing health: income, education, housing, diet, employment, and conditions of work. In consequence, the Report recommended a wide strategy of social policy measures to combat inequalities in health. These findings and recommendations were virtually disowned by the then Secretary of State for Social Services, very few copies of the Report were printed, and few people had the opportunity to read it. The Black Report is an important document that deserves wide attention and debate. This summary and comment is intended to give greater access to its evidence, arguments, conclusions, and recommendations. PMID- 7118330 TI - Health status and the development of health services in colonial state: the case of British Malaya. AB - The health of a population and the development of health services in a country at a particular time in history are directly linked to the socioeconomic system. This paper discusses health and health services in Malay Peninsula during the time that it was a British colony. Economic production under British colonialism, which is basically a capitalist system, is organized primarily for the purpose of realizing profits. The health of the population is in direct conflict with and generally subordinated to this main objective. The pattern of health that emerges reflects this general framework. Moreover, health services under the colonialist system are developed primarily to serve the economic interests of the colonialists. Hence, the structure of health services is biased toward curative medicine and centered mainly in the urban areas. PMID- 7118331 TI - Doctors in spite of themselves: the limits of radical health criticism. AB - This paper distinguishes a materialist from a medical approach to health (including as medical the clinical, epidemiological, sociological, environmental, and radical approaches). Three themes are developed. The first concerns a broad definition of medicine. Derived from the actual strategies that capital and labor adopt to health, this definition encompasses all attempts to manage the social factors responsible for ill-health as "conditions" while maintaining (or concealing) the contradictory basis for these conditions in capitalist social relations. The second theme concerns the roots of medicine. Radicals treat scientific medicine as a tool introduced by capitalists and a professional elite to maximize profits, increase productivity, and control women and other oppressed minorities. The materialist view, by contrast, emphasizes the role of worker initiatives in transforming the relations responsible for epidemic disease in the 19th century and the extent to which this transformation led directly to the utility of medical care after 1900. The fact that modern medicine can acknowledge its dependence neither on these initiatives nor on the progress of suffering created through the accumulation process is far more important than the market position of doctors in determining medicine's limits and the ideology of professional doctors. The third theme concerns the utility of a materialist epidemiology for reinterpreting many of the same issues examined by radicals, including medicalization, victim blaming, professional ideology, elitism, the exclusion of certain oppressed groups from "the sick role," and medicine's failure to combat the diseases of stress. The basic contention is that a revolutionary health strategy is impossible as long as medical care remains the centerpiece of our analysis. PMID- 7118332 TI - The pattern of mass disease in the U.S.S.R.: a product of socialist or capitalist development? AB - The mortality structure of a society is determined primarily by the nature of the social organization. Although this general principle, which forms the basis of the Marxist approach to public health, has been well demonstrated in the classical model of capitalist society, there has been little attempt to apply this theory to countries that have experienced socialist revolutions. This paper examines the mortality structure of the U.S.S.R. Given the high degree of similarity between mass disease in the U.S.S.R. and Western capitalist countries, fundamental questions must be raised about the political and economic system currently operating in the U.S.S.R. It is suggested that the health experience in the Soviet Union over the last two decades has been determined primarily by the nature of the antagonistic class relations that have resulted from the restoration on capitalism. PMID- 7118333 TI - On the uses of disinformation to legitimize the revival of the cold war: health in the U.S.S.R. AB - During the 1970s the Soviet Union experienced rising infant mortality rates and a corresponding levelling off of earlier increases in life expectancy. Several Western critics have misrepresented or exaggerated these statistics, suggesting that these trends indicate a general breakdown in the Soviet health care system as well as the failure of the Soviet form of socialism. This paper examines life expectancy and infant mortality data by Soviet republic, showing that rates are not uniform throughout the U.S.S.R. and in many cases compare favorably with those in Western European countries and the United States. It is suggested that the infant mortality problem in the U.S.S.R. is a temporary negative consequence of rapid progress in the areas of industrialization, employment of women, and socialization of child care. It is concluded that improvements in public health education, the quality of child care facilities, and the manufacture and distribution of infant formula will contribute to the rapid resolution of this problem. PMID- 7118336 TI - The character of developmental disabilities in New York State: preliminary observations. AB - Preliminary information about the population characteristics of developmentally disabled persons in the State of New York is presented. The information was derived through a "rate-under-treatment" survey approach using the Developmental Disabilities Information Survey (DDIS). The results are based upon statewide data, derived from 36,334 cases, composed of 34% children and 66% adults. The findings revealed that the subject populations socio-demographics were consistent with those of the general population in the areas of age and ethnic distribution, but not in gender ratio. Developmentally disabled persons were located primarily in community settings; only 24% of the children and 45% of the adults were found to reside within various institutional settings. Most were mentally retarded, however more children than adults were identified as having a secondary condition such as autism, cerebral palsy, epilepsy or some other neurological impairment. About half were reported to also have some type of physical disability. The majority were free of ambulation difficulties. Only half had basic self-care skills, and a third were facile in communication skills. Learning capabilities were found to be affected by maturation and experience. It was suggested that a "rate-under-treatment" approach is effective, within certain constraints, in capturing reliable information about a population that could be used for planning and developing public policies. PMID- 7118335 TI - Standardization of the Denver developmental screening test on infants from Yucatan, Mexico. AB - The DDST was standardized on 288 babies ranging in age from 2 to 54 weeks from Yucatan, Mexico. They were divided equally by age, sex and socio-cultural group (as defined by the health care center attended). all were full-term according to gestational age and birthweight, if known. Prior to developmental assessment, each baby had been rated as normal after examination by a Yucatecan health center physician. Subtest scores increased with age. No sex differences were found. Significant differences among socio-cultural groups occurred only on the language subtest, with middle-to-upper class babies obtaining higher scores. With the variable of age controlled, intercorrelations among DDST subtests were fairly low, suggesting that these subtest measure different functions. Split-half reliability correlations were lower than other published infant tests. Compared with other cross-cultural studies using the DDST, Yucatecan infants were advanced in fine motor skills, but by the end of their first year showed delay in gross motor locomotion. The DDST failed to identify as "questionable" 16 of 17 babies whose Bayley Motor Scores were borderline (PDI less than or equal to 80), thus, the DDST may be of limited use in diagnosing developmental delay in Yucatecan infants. Cross-cultural differences in infant development reaffirm the need for continuing test standardization to aid clinicians, researchers, and, especially, the babies themselves. PMID- 7118334 TI - Health care in Poland: from crisis to crisis. AB - During its first twenty years the Polish health service represented a neglected sector of government activity, as the development of heavy industry remained the predominant economic goal, with social policy regarded as a "nonproductive" sphere. When Edward Gierek came to power in 1970, the promise of reform extended throughout society to include health. However, despite a fundamental organizational reform, the health service has remained in a state of crisis, currently worsening as a result of mounting economic dislocation and political tension. Inadequate access to treatment, lack of continuity of care, poor quality of care, profound shortages of drugs and supplies, and the absence of preventive medicine are some of the manifestations of this crisis. Its main causes lie in the political weakness of the Ministry of Health, with consequent underfunding and the nonfulfillment of its plans. This situation is exacerbated by continuing organizational fragmentation, the neglect of primary care, the existence of conflicting aims in health policy, and the dominance of an ideology of clinical specialism. PMID- 7118337 TI - Strategic behavior and linguistic functions of institutionalized moderately retarded persons. AB - The communication skills of moderately and severely retarded persons play a major part in the success of vocational and self-help training programs in mental retardation institutions. Up to the present time, educators have attempted to overcome language deficits by training word use and comprehension skills which have immediate impact. An alternative approach which may have broader implications is to identify and develop the cognitive functions which mediate performance. Tests of two coding processes and measures of linguistic activity were administered to 100 institutionalized moderately retarded adults. Correlational analyses drew attention to the association between use and understanding of language and successive processing. However, analysis of variance based upon a double median split of simultaneous and successive processing factor scores indicated the importance of both coding dimensions in establishing syntax and relational associations. The results of the study confirmed earlier research conducted with less severely retarded and non-retarded subjects and provided evidence of the relationship between coding and linguistic functions. This research also provided a data base for the development of training programs based upon simultaneous and successive synthesis. PMID- 7118338 TI - DSH abstract: coverage of the world communicative disorders literature. AB - The percentage of journal articles covered by dsh Abstracts and the time it took these articles to appear as abstracts in this secondary publication were analyzed. Articles were obtained from nineteen communicative disorders journals every other year for the years from 1968 to 1976. Then the author index of dsh Abstracts was searched each year for up to five years following journal publication to determine whether each article was included in this abstracting service's coverage of the world literature. Of the 5548 articles included in the study, 3270 (59%) were covered by this abstracting service within a mean time of 9 months; however, time lag and coverage varied considerably for individual journals on a year by year basis. It was concluded that for historical searches and current awareness needs this secondary publication may not be meeting the information needs of communicative disorders specialists. PMID- 7118339 TI - Birth technology, parenting and "deviance". PMID- 7118340 TI - Clinical limits of expert testimony on diminished capacity. PMID- 7118342 TI - Scientific inquiry in forensic psychiatry. AB - Forensic psychiatry and psychology, with an extensive history of clinical practice, is only recently emerging as a new scientific specialty. It is confronted with both general scientific-methodological issues, as well as unique, empirically-based psycholegal applications. Aimed towards a broader, more flexible paradigm for understanding the basis of our scientific inquiry, the paper examines various research and methodological issues. As a model for connecting and understanding these complicated and interrelated issues, Holton's explicit and useful model of scientific structure is provided. The methodology, logical and statistical analysis, and themata are explored with regards to their potential impact on scientific inquiry in forensic psychiatry. This paper argues for several considerations in furthering research. From a methodological basis, the prospective researcher has to consider (1) whether the methodology is, in part, predetermining the results; (2) whether the results are a prediction of the inclusion criteria rather than an independent finding; (3) what balance between specificity and generalizability is designed within the research study; and (4) what is the impact of various methodological artifacts on the results and conclusions of forensic psychiatric research (e.g., demand characteristics, evaluation apprehension, experimenter bias, systems influence). Further, the forensic psychiatric researcher is asked to consider the basis of the "validity" of his research findings in comparison with "objective reality" from the perspective of logical and statistical analysis. Scientists within forensic psychiatry are asked to consider (1) whether to employ "best fit" or complementarity in understanding their results; (2) how to make explicit the steps in data transformation and redefinition within their study; (3) what are the implications of exclusive use of null hypothesis testing in establishing research results; and (4) what is the comparative utility of non-parametric and multivariate statistical procedures in studying and understanding experimental variables. Finally, in acknowledging the non-linear and sometimes self-justifying aspect of science, researchers are invited to examine their basic assumptions, and the self-perpetuating and constraining nature of unacknowledged themata, as well as their impact on forensic psychiatry. This paper is conceptualized as a movement towards articulating both general methodological issues and their unique application to forensic psychiatry. The brief exposition of Holton's model and review of illustrative research in forensic psychiatry constitutes one attempt to strengthen the scientific rigor of forensic psychiatric research. PMID- 7118341 TI - A situational approach to violence. PMID- 7118343 TI - Aggressive behavior and cognitive disorders. PMID- 7118344 TI - Relapses after therapeutic treatment of prisoners. PMID- 7118345 TI - Does tar belong in the Goeckerman regimen? PMID- 7118346 TI - Steroid-induced dermal atrophy: effects of glucocorticosteroids on collagen metabolism in human skin fibroblast cultures. AB - Collagen production by human skin fibroblast cultures was studied by incubation with [3H] proline and several glucocorticosteroids known to produce dermal atrophy in vivo. Collagen production was measured as formation of [3H]hydroxyproline or collagenase-digestible 3H-polypeptides, and the values were corrected for changes in cell number in the same cultures. The steroids, in a wide concentration range, failed to elicit any consistent alterations in collagen production. Review of the literature dealing with corticosteroid-induced changes in collagen production by human skin fibroblasts indicate conflicting results even under apparently similar incubation conditions. Consequently, no unifying hypothesis for steroid-induced dermal atrophy can be developed presently based on the in vitro data. PMID- 7118347 TI - Subcutaneous abscess due to Trichophyton mentagrophytes. PMID- 7118348 TI - Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Korea: a case report with electron microscopic studies. PMID- 7118349 TI - The graying phenomenon: an unusual manifestation of alopecia areata. PMID- 7118350 TI - Ichthyosis congenital fetalis (Harlequin fetus). AB - A male fetus which was the product of full-term pregnancy and normal delivery with no family history is presented. The skin was hard and thick, waxy, yellowish in color, and was crossed by horizontal and or perpendicular red fissures. The eyelids were semiclosed, hard, and stiff resulting in ectropion and the conjunctivae were red. The eyelashes and the eyebrows were absent. The nose appeared to be flattened while the nostrils were partly stenosed. The mouth was round and the mucosa was red everted giving a fish-like appearance to the mouth (Fig. 1). There were no ears and they had been replaced by intensive hyperkeratosis with deep fissures, resembling ear lobes without auditory canal, where there was an hyperkeratotic plug (Fig. 2). The inelasticity of the hard and thick skin limited the physiologic movements of the upper and lower extremities and immobilized the interphalangial articular movements. The fetus was treated with corticosteroid ointment but succumbed within the first twenty four hours. PMID- 7118351 TI - Keratoacanthoma as a complication of arterial puncture for blood gases. AB - In July 1979, a 72-year-old white woman presented to the Bernalillo County Medical Center Emergency Department with complaints of shortness of breath and wheezing. She had been asthmatic since childhood. Current management included bronchodilator therapy and continuous low flow oxygen. An apparently curative left radical nephrectomy had been performed in 1978 for renal cell carcinoma. Her evaluation in the emergency room included multiple attempts at right radial artery puncture for blood gases. The arterial blood gases were obtained only after repeated efforts by several individuals. The patient was discharged from the emergency room after receiving subcutaneous terbutaline and intravenous aminophylline. Approximately one week later, she noticed a swelling on her right wrist at the site of the punctures. Over the ensuing three weeks, the lesion doubled in size and became painful. In chest clinic, one month after emergency room visit, we found a 1 cm by 1 cm raised erythematous tender nodule on the right wrist overlying the radial artery pulse. We did not hear a bruit, the lesion did not feel fluctuant, and attempts to aspirate fluid were unsuccessful. Because we thought the lesion represented local infection, we began oral antibiotic therapy. The lesion was unchanged after 1 1/2 weeks of therapy and was excised. Pathologic examination showed a well-defined cutaneous nodule with histology diagnostic of a keratocanthoma. The patient developed a recurrence of the tumor at the excision site a few weeks later and required a wide excision, also under local anesthesia. She has since remained clinically free of recurrent tumor. PMID- 7118352 TI - Differences in tolerance to frustration between moderately obese and severely obese subjects. PMID- 7118353 TI - The use of an inappropriate weight-height derived index of obesity can produce misleading results. PMID- 7118354 TI - Obesity indices derived from weight and height. PMID- 7118355 TI - Obesity indices derived from weight and height: a reply. PMID- 7118356 TI - Prevalence of gallstones in obese Caucasian American women. AB - Although the association between gallstones and obesity is well known, no attempt has been made to quantitate the increased risk for gallstone formation associated with moderate obesity commonly seen in clinical practice. To determine the prevalence of both asymptomatic and symptomatic gallstones, screening oral cholecystograms were combined with prior documented history in 249 consecutive obese Caucasian women aged 20-59 yr who were seeking treatment for obesity in an out-patient clinic. To ascertain the relative risk of moderate obesity for gallstone formation, the results were compared with a control group of 60 consecutive women who were undergoing screening health examinations in the same clinic. Both groups were without gastrointestinal symptoms. Gallstone prevalence averaged 31 percent among obese women compared to 10 percent in the control group. Sixty percent of gallstones in the combined 20-29 yr age group were asymptomatic. However, among all patients with gallstone disease 59 percent had symptomatic disease evidence by prior cholecystectomy. Moderate obesity imposes at least a three-fold risk of gallstone disease in Caucasian women. PMID- 7118357 TI - Salivation patterns of obese and normal subjects. AB - The salivation patterns of a group of nine obese and a group of 14 non-obese subjects were studied. Palatable food was presented and salivary responses were measured under two different conditions. In one condition, the subjects expected to eat, and in the other condition did not expect to eat. It was hypothesized that the obese group would exhibit a salivation pattern different from the non obese group, and that this salivation pattern would be unrelated to whether or not eating was permitted. This hypothesis was not confirmed; no differences were found between the two groups. These findings conflict with those of earlier investigators and possible reasons for this are discussed. PMID- 7118358 TI - Transswitching in the treatment of obesity. AB - Transswitching is a variant of classical conditioning that entails the use of tonic stimuli of relatively long duration in addition to briefer, phasic stimuli which are paired or not paired with the unconditioned stimulus. The same conditioned stimulus can be conditioned to different conditioned responses in different environmental contexts. Using the transswitching procedure, the salivary response to food cues in two obese subjects was modified. The switching agent determined the relative amount of salivation. Techniques that alter alimentary responses to environmental food cues may be helpful in the treatment of obesity. PMID- 7118359 TI - Obesity among schoolchildren of different socioeconomic levels in a developing country. AB - Obesity, as malnutrition, is associated with an increased tendency to morbidity and mortality. Its prevalence has been reported to be increasing. Studies carried out in developed countries have shown obesity to be directly correlated with low socioeconomic level. The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of obesity among 300 children aged 84 to 143 months who were attending three schools of different socioeconomic levels in the town of Ribeirao Preto, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Weight, height, arm circumference and tricepital skinfold were measured. The prevalence of obesity in the sample was 16.7 per cent, distributed as follows: 38 per cent for high socioeconomic level, 12 per cent for middle socioeconomic level, and 4 per cent for low socioeconomic level. The prevalence of malnutrition was 8.3 per cent. The overall frequency of obesity reported here is as high as that found in developed countries, but, in contrast, obesity was directly correlated with socioeconomic level. PMID- 7118360 TI - Reduction of the absorption of the fatty acid and glycerol moieties of ingested triglycerides by biguanides: a possible contribution to their anti-obesity, anti hypertriglyceridaemic and anti-diabetes properties. PMID- 7118362 TI - Effective treatment for obesity produces remission not cure. PMID- 7118363 TI - Impact of obesity on hyperlipoproteinemia and diabetes mellitus. Proceedings of a satellite symposium to the Third International Congress on Obesity, Dusseldorf, Germany, 6-7 October, 1980. PMID- 7118361 TI - Correlation between initial blood pressure and blood pressure decrease after weight loss: A study in patients with jejunoileal bypass versus medical treatment for morbid obesity. AB - Blood pressure (BP) was followed simultaneously with body weight in 134 morbidly obese patients randomized to either jejunoileal bypass (101 patients) or dietary treatment (33 patients). After a median observation time of 24 months (range 12 48 months) body weight fell significantly from a median of 124.0 kg to 81.2 kg in the jejunoileal bypass patients whilst median BP decreased significantly from 140/85 mmHg to 120/80 mmHg. In the patients treated with diet, body weight decreased significantly from a median of 129.0 kg to 119.0 kg after a median observation time of 18 months (range 9-36 months) whereas the median BP of 140/90 mmHg was unaffected. The fall in BP after weight loss was significantly positively correlated with the height of BP before the weight loss. The correlation could not be explained by a greater weight loss in the patients with initially high BP. Furthermore, a significantly positive correlation between BP changes and body weight changes was demonstrated, but this correlation was lesser than the above-mentioned. The study shows that the beneficial effect of a weight loss upon BP in obese patients is greater the higher the initial BP is, but also that a normal BP is only little affected and explained mainly by cuff artifact. PMID- 7118364 TI - The specific pathophysiology in spontaneously diabetic animals. PMID- 7118365 TI - Apoprotein metabolism in human obesity. AB - Apoproteins are the proteins of lipoproteins. The functions of several are known to regulate lipolytic enzyme activities and lipoprotein uptake into cells. The effects of overweight were studied on the rates of production and removal of some of these proteins. The major structural protein, apo-B, increased in concentration with overweight, in the very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), due to diminished removal of VLDL particles rather than to overproduction. The turnover of the apo-C group of apoproteins was not affected by overweight. Thus, despite increased production of triglyceride with fatness, there was no concomitant increased formation of the main protein (B) of triglyceride-rich VLDL, nor in that of the major catabolic protein (apo-CII) that initiates triglyceride removal. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol falls in obesity; yet our studies of the metabolism of the major proteins of HDL (apo-AI and apo-AII), showed that the formation of these increased with overweight. Since a major function of apo-AI and of HDL is to transport cholesterol, the increased production of HDL particles (in terms of proteins), is consistent with the increased need to transport additional cholesterol which is a feature of obesity. PMID- 7118366 TI - Obesity and cardiovascular risk. AB - In this paper the general concepts of the relationship between body weight, food intake and susceptibility to vascular disease are re-examined in the light of recent evidence. Several studies suggest that the traditional view of the relationship between mortality and adiposity as direct and linear are mistaken and that the relationship is 'U' shaped with minimal mortality at 'average' rather than 'ideal' weight. Furthermore, the notion that higher levels of food energy intake may be responsible for the enhanced susceptibility to arterial disease are also challenged by those in the lower than the upper ranges of total caloric intake. This may account for some of the anomalous inverse relationships found within countries between food (including fat) intake and arterial disease deaths, findings which have stood for years in irreconcilable contrast with the direct relationship between fat intake and cardiovascular mortality between countries. These apparently paradoxical relationships may be explained by the further unexpected finding of low order but highly significant inverse correlations between food energy intake and adiposity. This has supported the notion of a spectrum of energy conservation/dissipation with the energy conserver storing fat even on low intakes and the dissipator expending a high intake yet remaining lean. Adaptive responses to excess intake and to food deprivation may also be involved in this constitutional variation in energy handling. PMID- 7118367 TI - Intermediary metabolism during the development of obesity and diabetes in the desert rodent Acomys cahirinus. AB - The spiny mouse Acomys cahirinus, which exhibits beta-cell hyperplasia but low insulin secretion in captivity responded with hyperlipidemia without obesity or diabetes on a sucrose diet and became obese, and glucose-intolerant on a diet of fat-rich seeds. A three-month sucrose diet induced a marked rise in the activity of regulatory enzymes of glycolysis and lipogenesis in the liver but not in adipose tissue. There was also increased energy waste on this diet evident from a three-fold rise in the activity of hepatic mitochondrial FAD-glycerophosphate oxidase associated with an elevation in circulating triodothyronine. The obesity in mice maintained for three months on fat rich seeds was associated with moderate hyperglycemia, mild hyperinsulinemia and little change in circulating lipids. There was a decrease in the activity of glycolytic and lipogenic enzymes both in the liver and adipose tissue. Adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity rose, suggesting that the chylomicrons carrying the exogenous fat were better assimilated than the very-low-density lipoproteins synthesized from the dietary carbohydrate. Along with adipose tissue gain, triglyceride deposition was apparent in several muscles, accompanied by increased tissue free fatty acid, citrate and glycogen content. This suggested relation of increased muscle fat utilization with decreased glucose metabolism and insulin sensitiveness. Diverse responses to diets were thus elicited, which were particularly discernible in desert animals surviving on a limited caloric intake. Detailed follow up of these enzymatic and endocrine adaptation patterns to selective nutritional affluence may promote the understanding of the mechanisms leading to hyperlipidemia with leanness and normal glucose homeostasis versus obesity with diabetes but without hyperlipidemia. PMID- 7118368 TI - Studies on inherited and acquired metabolic disorders in cultured arterial smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. AB - Cultured mesenchymal cells from insulin- and non-insulin-dependent diabetics with poor long-term control showed an increased growth rate as compared to age matched normal cells independent of the serum type used. These growth changes occurred independent of the genetic background as mesenchymal cells, (a) from four pancreatectomized diabetics with poor long-term metabolic control showed similar increased growth rates and (b) from two diabetics with good metabolic long-term control showed no growth changes as compared to age matched controls. There is no evidence (a) for the specific impact of obesity on these cell associated growth changes, and (b) for cell associated differences between cultured mesenchymal cells from diabetics and normal controls as far as protein and lipoprotein metabolism are concerned. The metabolic control of diabetes is of primary importance for the regulation of growth, protein synthesis and for lipoprotein binding and degradation in cultured mesenchymal cells independent of their origin, as serum from diabetics with poor metabolic control increased in these cells growth, protein synthesis and lipoprotein metabolism. Serum from well controlled diabetics did not differ from normal serum in its growth stimulating effects. As far as obesity could effect the metabolic control of diabetes, probably this could also affect indirectly the metabolism of mesenchymal cells. The interaction of cell associated and serum factors can further increase the observed growth and metabolic changes of mesenchymal cells. As far as these cell and serum related changes also occur in vivo they could contribute to the accelerated atherogenic development in diabetics as well as to an increased basal lamina layering in different tissues. PMID- 7118370 TI - Hymenolepis diminuta: the non-saturable component of methionine uptake. PMID- 7118371 TI - Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase from Fasciola hepatica. PMID- 7118369 TI - Effect of repeatedly sensitized bursal extract on the resistance of WLH chickens to experimental infection of Ancylostoma caninum larvae. PMID- 7118372 TI - Protein synthesis in the whole body, liver, skeletal muscle and kidney cortex of lambs infected by the nematode Trichostrongylus colubriformis. PMID- 7118374 TI - Spontaneous sexual differentiation of Mesocestoides corti tetrathyridia in vitro. PMID- 7118375 TI - Some effects of time, temperature and feeding on infection rates with Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina in Boophilus microplus larvae. PMID- 7118373 TI - In vitro development of the strobilar stage of Mesocestoides corti. PMID- 7118376 TI - The source of antigen in an adult tapeworm. PMID- 7118377 TI - Observations on the coiled posture of trichostrongyle infective larvae using a freeze-substitution method and scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 7118379 TI - Side chain characteristic main chain conformations of amino acid residues. AB - Main chain conformation characteristics of the respective side chains of the 20 naturally occurring amino acid residues were obtained by the analysis of (phi, psi)-data from the crystal structures of 38 different globular proteins. The following observations are of interest: (i) For amino acids other than Glu, Thr and aliphatic amino acids, at least one main chain conformation is stabilised solely by side chain atoms. Such conformations are listed. (ii) In globular proteins, the main chain conformations which are significantly destabilised by side chain atom interactions are observed. The stabilising force for those conformations seems to come from main chain atom interactions. (iii) A set of conformations for which the main chain and side chain interactions are almost equal but in opposite directions, is listed and these conformations will be taken by residues mainly due to the effect of surroundings. The results can be used to study the folding of polypeptide chains and they also provide an insight into the role of the respective side chains on main chin conformations of amino acid residues. PMID- 7118378 TI - Gastric dysfunction in sheep infected with Trichostrongylus colubriformis, a nematode inhabiting the small intestine. PMID- 7118380 TI - Effect of dimethylsulfoxide and its homologues on the thermal denaturation of lysozyme as measured by differential scanning calorimetry. AB - The thermal denaturation of lysozyme in aqueous sulfoxide solutions (pH 3) was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The sulfoxides employed were dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), ethylmethylsulfoxide, (DMSO), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and butylmethylsulfoxide (BMSO). The temperature of denaturation, Td, decreased with an increase in the concentration of sulfoxide, the decrease becoming much more pronounced at higher sulfoxide concentrations. The lowering of Td was enhanced by an increase in the hydrocarbon content of the sulfoxide molecule. The enthalpy of denaturation, delta Hd, showed a complex dependence on the solvent composition; the delta Hd first increased with increasing sulfoxide concentration and then started decreasing at different concentrations for each sulfoxide. This behavior is analogous to that with monohydric alcohols, but is different from that with guanidine hydrochloride. These results may be interpreted in terms of the interactions of the sulfoxide added with the protein and with water. PMID- 7118381 TI - Thermal denaturation of human somatotropin, human choriomammotropin and ovine prolactin. AB - The thermal denaturation of human choriomammotropin and ovine prolactin in 0.1 m tris-Cl buffer, pH 8.2, is a simple endothermic process which is at least partially reversible, and does not produce coagulation of the proteins. The transition temperatures suggest fairly stable conformations for these two proteins, but their enthalpies of denaturation are unusually low. The thermal denaturation of human somatotropin begins as an endothermic event with a considerably greater enthalpy of denaturation and a transition temperature higher than that of the other two hormones. However, before the endothermic portion of the denaturation can be completed, the human somatotropin coagulates, producing a powerful exothermic heat flow. PMID- 7118383 TI - Solid-phase synthesis of chicken vasoactive intestinal peptide by a mild procedure using N alpha-9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl amino acids. AB - The octacosapeptide amide corresponding to the entire amino acid sequence of chicken vasoactive peptide (VIP) was assembled on a p-benzyloxybenzylamine resin support using the base-labile 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl as N alpha-protecting group, cleaved by mild acid treatment, and purified by gel-filtration and ion exchange chromatography. The symmetrical anhydride coupling was employed and monitored by two independent methods, and acetic anhydride termination was incorporated to minimize formation of deletion peptides. The homogeneity of the final product, obtained in 18% yield, was assessed by t.l.c., disc electrophoresis, amino-terminal amino acid analysis, and amino acid analyses of acid and enzyme hydrolysates. The purified chicken VIP was shown to be active on gastric acid secretion and on pancreatic blood flow. Previously reported ring closure of the Asp-Asn unit seemed to be at a minimum, owing to the mild basic and acid treatments. PMID- 7118382 TI - Recognition and utilisation of dansyl-dipeptides in manual dansyl-Edman sequencing. PMID- 7118384 TI - Cyclic peptides. XII. Synthesis of AM-toxin III and its analogs. AB - A cyclic tetradepsipeptide with a sequence corresponding to AM-toxin III (a phytotoxic peptide) was synthesized by a conventional method in order to confirm the proposed structure. This was mediated through a deamination reaction of precursor cyclotetradepsipeptide containing a D-2, 3-diaminopropionic acid residue by the Hofmann degradation method. The synthetic peptide and natural AM toxin III were identical in regard to t.l.c., crystal form, mass spectrum and biological activity in causing necrosis on apple leaves. Two analogs, [l-O-methyl L-tyrosine]-AM-toxin and [l-L-tyrosine]-AM-toxin showed extremely weak activity; the relationship between the bulkiness of an aromatic side chain at position 1 of AM-toxin III and its biological activity is discussed. PMID- 7118385 TI - Weak acid-catalyzed pyrrolidone carboxylic acid formation from glutamine during solid phase peptide synthesis. Minimization by rapid coupling. AB - Formation of pyrrolidone carboxylic acid (pyroglutamic acid) residues from amino terminal glutaminyl residues in peptides was shown to be catalyzed by weak acids, but not by strong acids. During dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-mediated coupling reactions the N alpha-protected amino acid reagent accelerated this cyclization and resulted in a significant amount of chain termination. The side reaction could be minimized by accelerating the coupling reaction and simultaneously reducing the time of exposure to weak acids. The most effective procedure was to couple in dimethylformamide with the preformed symmetric anhydride of the amino acid. PMID- 7118386 TI - Critical chain length for polyproline-II structure formation in H-Gly-(Pro)n-OH. PMID- 7118387 TI - New patterns of hydrogen bonded interactions between polypeptide chains. Crystal and molecular structure of glycylglycylglycine. AB - Crystals of glycylglycylglycine (C6H-11N3O4), grown from an aqueous methanol solution, are triclinic, space group P1, with the unit cell dimensions (at 22 +/- 3 degrees) a = 11.656(3), b = 14.817(3), c = 4.823(2) A, alpha = 88.45(3), beta = 95.96(3), gamma = 105.42(3) degrees, Z = 4 (with two molecules in the asymmetric unit) with a density of Dobs = 1.58 g X cm -3 and Dcalc = 1.572 g X cm -3. The crystal structure was solved by a combination of multisolution and trial and error methods and refined with full-matrix least-squares method to a final R value of 0.036 for the observed 3021 reflections (I greater than or equal to 2 sigma). The conformation of the two molecules I and II in the asymmetric unit is very similar (except around the N-terminal end); they have the fully extended trans-planar conformation, and have omega values ranging from 2 to 4 degrees. The peptide chain repeating distances (C1 alpha - C3 alpha) are 7.27 A and 7.18 A in the two molecules as compared with the value of 6.68 A for extended beta-sheets with beta-carbons. There are four different interactions between these two molecules characterized by different hydrogen bonding. Molecule I is hydrogen bonded to a neighboring molecule I using four hydrogen bonds. Molecule II is hydrogen bonded to another II, using bifurcated interactions involving the peptide nitrogen. Molecule I is hydrogen bonded to two different molecules II forming distinctly different hydrogen bonding patterns from the two mentioned above. The molecules are packed in rows, in a head-to-tail fashion (C-terminal opposite N-terminal) and are held together in sheets by hydrogen bonds between carbonyl and amide groups, corresponding to the very familiar anti-parallel pleated sheet arrangement for polypeptides. The hydrogen bonds involving the amino nitrogens as donors are significantly longer and presumably weaker compared to those involving the NH+3 group. The C=O distances show variations that correlated with hydrogen bonding. The N-H...O angle varies from 152 to 174 degrees and the bent N-H...O hydrogen bonds show bifurcated interactions. PMID- 7118388 TI - Hydrogenolytic debenzylation of sulfur-containing peptides. AB - S-protected cysteine derivatives are desulfurized by hydrogenation with Pd/H2 forming inhibiting thiols and alanine derivatives. In the case of protected cysteine peptides, this inhibition effect may be suppressed by adding BF3 etherate, the extent of suppression depending on the position of the cysteine and on the sequence length of the peptide derivative. With sufficient sequence distance from the cysteine sulfur, benzyl type protecting groups may be quantitatively removed from the cysteine sulfur by means of hydrogenolysis. PMID- 7118389 TI - s-Cis...and s-trans isomerism in acylproline analogs. Models for conformationally locked proline peptides. AB - N-Acetyl-2,3-dehydroproline, N-acetyl-5-oxo-L-proline, N-acrylyl-L-proline, N acetyl-L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid and N-acetyl-D,L-pipecolic acid have been examined in 2H2O by 1H and 13Cn.m.r. for the purpose of finding s-cis or s-trans locked acylprolines. Conformationally locked acylprolines could be incorporated into proline-containing peptide hormones such as angiotensin and thyroliberin in order to determine the rotational state of the peptide bond to proline in the hormone receptor complex. The populations of trans and cis rotational isomers were determined as a function of p2H in order to assign the trans and cis isomers and to compare the populations in all the acylprolines at neutral p2H, where the cis isomer is normally present. Proton spectra were also recorded at from 7 degrees to 75 degrees in order to qualitatively determine the exchange rate between the isomers. The majority of these analogs exhibit a cis-trans isomerization similar to that of N-acetyl-L-proline in the ratio of trans to cis rotational isomer found at neutral p2H (about 1:1), the temperature dependence of the population ratio (none), and the coalescence temperature for proton resonances (greater than 75 degrees). However, N-acetyl-5-oxo-L-proline was found to be greater than 98% s-trans at neutral pH, compared to 50% s-trans in N-acetyl L-proline, and therefore a good candidate for synthesis of an s-trans locked peptide hormone. N-Acetyl-2,3-dehydroproline rapidly exchanges between s-cis and s-trans in contrast to all other proline analogs examined and exhibits coalescence of the beta-proton cis and trans resonances at 45 degrees. Titration with the shift reagent Pr+++ was employed to confirm the assignments of the cis and trans methyl resonances of all of the N-acetyl compounds except N-acetyl-5 oxo-L-proline. PMID- 7118390 TI - Circular dichroism conformational study of the chemotactic peptide formyl-L methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine. AB - The solution circular dichroism of the chemotactic agent formyl-L-methionyl-L leucyl-L-phenylalanine was found to be highly solvent dependent. In relatively nonpolar solvents (fluoroalcohols) the circular dichroism is that characteristic of a folded conformation. In H2SO4 the tripeptide remains intact and displays a circular dichroism typical of highly solvated and totally disordered peptides. The order-to-disorder transition can be followed by addition of water to trifluoroethanol. PMID- 7118391 TI - Role of tyrosine residues on structure-function of fructose-1,6-biphosphate aldolase from Ceratitis capitata. AB - Tyrosine contributions to the structure-function relationship in the fructose-1, 6-biphospate aldolase from C. capitata have been investigated. There are three well defined groups of tyrosine residues with different roles in the structure of the insect aldolase. C-terminal tyrosine residues are essential for the maintenance of the catalytic conformation. Releasing of these residues by carboxypeptidase A treatment results in complex conformational changes according to CD studies. Another tyrosine residue group is located at the active site, and the substrate, fructose-1, 6-biphosphate, protects it upon nitration. Chemical modification of this residue results in enzyme activity changes similar to those induced by carboxypeptidase digestion. Enzyme-substrate interaction results in a change of the microenvironment of at least three tyrosine residues per subunit with different accessibility for tetranitromethane. PMID- 7118392 TI - Structural characterization of iodinated bovine growth hormone. AB - Bovine growth hormone (bGH) was submitted to iodination using limited amounts of oxidizing reagent, yielding a derivative with no more than 1-g-atom of iodine per mole of hormone. Analysis of the hydrolysis products indicated that monoiodotyrosine was almost the only product of substitution. Isolation and identification of the tryptic fragments showed that half of the 125I-labeled bGH molecules were iodinated in Tyr 174, followed by Tyr 158 (16%) and Tyr 42 (14%). Frontal gel chromatography indicated that the preparation did not contain significant amounts of unreacted bGH. Circular dichroism evidenced structural similarity between the native and the iodinated bGH. The iodinated hormone, like the native protein, undergoes self-association. The dissociation constant of the iodo-labeled bGH self-association equilibrium showed a two-fold increase when compared to that corresponding to the unlabeled hormone. At pH 8.5, where the equilibrium constant was estimated, one tenth of the molecules bear a charged iodotyrosyl residue (average pKapp = 9.3), which could account for part, if not all, of the observed difference regarding self-association. By this criterion, the presence of the iodine atom does not disturb the area engaged in dimer formation. PMID- 7118394 TI - Conformation and structure of acidic dipeptides. Crystal structure of glycyl-L aspartic acid dihydrate. AB - The crystal structure of the acidic dipeptide glycyl-L-aspartic acid dihydrate, Gly-L-Asp X 2H2O, C6H10N2O5 X 2H2O, has been determined by means of three dimensional counter X-ray data. The dipeptide crystallizes in space group P212121 of the orthorhombic system with four formula units in a cell of dimensions of a = 9.611(4), b = 9.775(6), and c = 10.845(4)A. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined by least-squares methods to a final value of the weighted R factor of 0.035 using all 1191 observed intensity data. The dipeptide occurs in the crystal as a zwitterion, with the glycyl N-terminus protonated and the aspartyl main chain carboxyl group deprotonated. The conformation about the peptide bond is fully trans extended, with an omega angle of -175.9 degrees. While there is extensive intermolecular hydrogen bonding in the crystals, there is no intramolecular hydrogen bonding either here or in the solid state structures of related dipeptides. PMID- 7118393 TI - Conformations of cyclo(L-alanyl-L-alanyl-epsilon-aminocaproyl) and of cyclo(L alanyl-D-alanyl-epsilon-aminocaproyl); cyclized dipeptide models for specific types of beta-bends. AB - Conformational energy calculations indicate that the peptide backbones of the low energy conformations of the cyclized dipeptide derivatives cyclo (L-alanyl-L alanyl-epsilon-aminocaproyl) and cyclo (L-alanyl-D-alanyl-epsilon-aminocaproyl) are constrained to form beta-bends of types I + III and II, respectively. Thus, the two compounds can serve as models for the spectroscopic properties of beta bends of these types. The coupling constants obtained from 1H n.m.r. spectra in DMSO-d6 are consistent with the dihedral angeles of the computed lowest-energy conformations. Differences in 13C chemical shifts between the two compounds can be correlated with differences in shielding by C=O groups in bends of various types. 1H and 13C chemical shifts suggest association of cyclo (L-Ala-L-Ala-Aca) but not of cyclo (L-Ala-D-Ala-Aca) in dimethylsulfoxide. The different tendencies to associate can be explained in terms of the difference in conformation. The circular dichroism spectra of the two compounds are quite different. In methanol, trifluoroethanol and water, the L-Ala-L-Ala derivative has a positive extremum near 190 nm and two negative extrema near 206 and 220 nm, whereas the L-Ala-D-Ala derivative has a positive extremum at about 203 nm and negative extrema at about 187 and 229 nm. The spectra can be used to estimate the contribution of various bend types in a related series of compounds. A normal mode analysis of the vibrations of the computed low-energy conformations was compared with solid state infrared and Raman spectra, in order to determine the predominant conformations. The bend types determined by this comparison fully agree with the predictions of the theoretical computations for both derivatives. PMID- 7118395 TI - Studies on prolactin. 46. Preferential cleavage of the Arg125-Leu126 peptide bond of ovine hormone with immobilized trypsin. AB - Insoluble trypsin has been shown to attack preferentially some peptide bonds of ovine prolactin, within the large disulfide loop. The peptide bond most susceptible to immobilized trypsin was identified as the Arg125-Leu126 of the ovine prolactin structure. PMID- 7118396 TI - Secondary structural properties of the oligomeric forms of mouse IgA and the unusual effect of guanidine hydrochloride. AB - The circular dichroism spectra of the monomer, dimer and tetramer forms of MOPC 167 mouse IgA are reported. The spectra were very similar in the aromatic region (250-310 nm) but the intensity of the negative band at 217 nm, arising from the peptide backbone, was higher in the dimer and tetramer (-4600 degree cm2 dmol-1) than in the monomer (-3400 degree cm2 dmol-1). When monomer and dimer IgA were exposed to concentrations of guanidine hydrochloride around 1.3 m, the 217 nm band increased in intensity, twofold in the case of the monomer, and solutions of the dimer became turbid, indicating aggregation of the proteins and formation of a cross-beta-structure. At concentrations of guanidine hydrochloride of above 2.3 M both proteins were similarly denatured, indicating that dimerization through J chain does not alter the stability of IgA. The aggregating effect of guanidine hydrochloride did not occur with samples of human IgA1 and IgA2 and may be related to the unusual CH1 domain of mouse IgA. PMID- 7118397 TI - Circular dichroic and fluoropolarimetric studies on tryptophyl residues in acid induced isomerization of bovine plasma albumin. AB - The acid-induced isomerization (the N-F transition) and expansion of bovine plasma albumin were studied by measuring circular dichroic spectra and fluorescence polarization of tryptophyl residues. Decreases in the magnitude of ellipticities at 208, 222, 262 and 268 nm were observed in the N-F transition and acid-expansion. However, increases in the magnitude of ellipticities at 295-300 nm observed in the initial part of the N-F transition exactly correlated with the increase of rotational relaxation time of tryptophyl side chains obtained by fluorescence polarization measurement. PMID- 7118398 TI - Formation of aminosuccinyl derivative from beta-phenacyl aspartyl peptides catalyzed by sodium thiophenoxide. AB - In the solid-phase synthesis of cholecystokinin 30-33, Trp-Met-Asp-Phe- amide, the beta-phenacyl ester was used to protect the beta-carboxyl of aspartyl residue. The ester was cleaved, on the solid support, with a 1 M solution of sodium thiophenoxide in DMF, prior to ammonolysis. The product, after purification by countercurrent distribution, was identified as a mixture of isoasparaginyl and aspartyl peptides. A study of the deprotection step, with sodium thiophenoxide, on a model peptide (t-butyloxycarbonyl-beta-phenacyl aspartyl-phenylalanineamide) showed the rapid formation of the aminosuccinyl derivative, catalyzed by this reagent. PMID- 7118399 TI - Purification and subunit structure studies of human placental threonyl-tRNA synthetase. AB - Human threonyl-tRNA synthetase has been purified from full-term placenta over 5000-fold with a 13% overall yield by a combination of affinity chromatographic methods and conventional procedures. The product was apparently homogeneous by the criterion of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified enzyme catalyzed the esterification of approximately 3500 nmol L threonine to tRNA per min per mg of protein at 37 degrees, corresponding to a molecular activity of approximately 700/min. The apparent molecular weight of the native enzyme ranged from 210000 to 220000 by gel-filtration on Sephadex G-200, and was either approximately 110000 or 228000 by sucrose gradient centrifugation for different preparations. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated a single band of molecular weight 85000 or 115000 for different preparations. These results suggest that human placental threonyl tRNA synthetase has a subunit structure of the type alpha 2 with a subunit molecular weight of about 100000. However, some other molecular forms with lower specific activity were also found to exist under certain conditions. PMID- 7118400 TI - Protection of methionine in peptides during iodination by sulfonium salt formation. AB - A method for the prevention of methionine oxidation during iodination of tyrosine containing peptides is reported. The methionine containing peptide is converted into the corresponding S-tert.-butylsulfonium derivative, which is iodinated using iodine monochloride. After removal of the S-tert.-butyl group and purification, sulfoxide-free 3,5 diiodotyrosine (Dit) peptides were obtained. Dit8-substance P, Dit8-physalaemin 6-11 and Dit1, Met5-enkephalin were synthesized by this route. Tritium labeling of Dit1, Met5-enkephalin yielded 3H enkephalin with a specific radioactivity of 38 Ci/mmol. PMID- 7118401 TI - Chemistry of carbamoyl disulfide protected derivatives of proline. AB - High-yield methods have been devised for the synthesis of a series of alkyl and aryldithiocarbonyl derivatives of the alpha-imino acid proline. The carbamoyl disulfide protecting groups were rapidly and quantitatively removed under a variety of reductive conditions, suggesting their potential value for orthogonal schemes of peptide synthesis. PMID- 7118402 TI - Primary structure of sauvagine. PMID- 7118403 TI - Synthesis and properties of equine beta-melanotropin and its naturally occurring des-Asp analog. PMID- 7118404 TI - Testing for cis' proline with alpha-aminoisobutyric acid substitution. N.m.r. studies of AIB substituted bradykinins. AB - Substitution of Pro residues with AIB (alpha-aminoisobutyric acid) residues in peptides provides a means of evaluating the presence of cis' proline conformations both in solution and, using bioassay data, in a receptor complex. 1H n.m.r. has been used to probe the DMSO solution conformation of all seven of the possible AIB/Pro isomers of bradykinin. AIB substitution for Pro2 and/or Pro3 appears to stabilize a type III beta-turn involving the N-terminal residues, but not an incipient 3(10) helix suggested by model peptides. These substitutions are correlated with low biological potencies, suggesting that such conformational features may be incompatible with receptor complexation. Alternatively, AIB7 bradykinin analogs exhibit a variety of long range shift perturbations relative to bradykinin. The data suggests that bradykinin can adopt several folded conformations, including beta-turns involving both Ser6-Pro7-Phe8-Arg9 and Phe5 Ser6-Pro7-Phe8. The relatively high biological activities of the AIB7-BK suggest that the complexed form of the peptide is characterized by a cis' Pro7 conformation. PMID- 7118405 TI - Peptide formation in the presence of metal ion protecting groups. II. Determination of the optical purity of amino acids and peptides bound to pentaamine cobalt (III). AB - A quantitative study of the degree of racemization induced by the [(NH3)5Co-(III) ] protecting group when bound to the C-terminal of the amino acids Leu, Phe, and His, as (formula; see text) has been carried out. Racemization was determined by forming the diastereomeric cobalt dipeptides [(Leu)(AA)Co(III)(NH3)5] where AA = L-Leu, L-Phe, and L-His; after cobalt removal (using NaBH4), the peptide diastereomers were analyzed quantitatively using an amino acid analyzer. No racemization was observed within experimental error (0.3%) as a result of the substitution of the [(NH3)5Co(III)-] group on the amino acids and peptides studied. PMID- 7118406 TI - Marsupial hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal hormones. The brush-tailed possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) active peptides. AB - The hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal hormones of the brush-tailed possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) have been purified through molecular sieving and paper chromatoelectrophoresis. Two peptides have been isolated, one with pressor property, the other with uterotonic activity. The pressor hormone has been identified as arginine vasopressin by amino acid composition and amino acid sequence. The oxytocin-like hormone has been characterized as mesotocin by amino acid composition. The amounts per dried neuro-intermediate gland (1.0-1.5 mg) are approximately 12 and 5 nmol, respectively. Up to now, mesotocin has only been found in non-mammalian tetrapods, particularly in reptiles. Its preservation in Australian marsupials (Macropodidae and Phalangeridae), and the replacement of vasotocin by a vasopressin-like peptide, suggests that they are transition species between reptiles and Eutheria. However, the presence of mesotocin raises the question of its role in marsupial lactation. PMID- 7118407 TI - Ribonuclease inhibitors from the livers of five mammalian species. AB - Inhibitors of neutral ribonuclease have been purified to homogeneity from beef, pig, sheep, mouse, and rat liver by affinity chromatography on Sepharose-RNase A with overall yields ranging from 60-80%. Each of the purified inhibitors presents a single band by SDS-gel electrophoresis; molecular weight estimates by SDS-gel electrophoresis and by gel filtration are ca. 50 000. Each of the inhibitors forms a complex with beef pancreatic RNase A with a molecular weight of ca. 64 000, suggestive of 1:1 binding on a molar basis. The inhibitors from liver are very similar in properties and amino acid composition to the previously isolated inhibitor from human placenta (Blackburn et al. (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 5904) and beef brain (Burton et al. (1980) Int. J. Peptide Protein Res. 16, 359). Pig liver offers an alternative to human placenta as a source for an RNase inhibitor of this type (yield, ca. 8 mg/kg of tissue). Immunological similarities were examined using antiserum directed against human placental RNase inhibitor. Cross reactivity of the liver RNase inhibitors with the antiserum raised against placental RNase inhibitor ranged from 15% for mouse RNase inhibitor to as low as 2% for pig and sheep RNase inhibitor. PMID- 7118408 TI - Amino acid distribution in protein secondary structures. AB - The compositional distribution of the twenty amino acids was examined for particular positions within secondary structures (alpha-helices, beta-strands, and turns) taken from a 44-protein sample. Correlation coefficients calculated between positional composition of the amino acids and various of their physico chemical characteristics indicated considerable asymmetry in the properties of the residues comprising regions within and adjacent to secondary structures, modes of helix formation, physical parameters most sensitive to the buriedness of residues in beta-strands, and possible improvements in the accuracy of secondary structure prediction methodologies. PMID- 7118409 TI - Protein secondary structure. Studies on the limits of prediction accuracy. AB - A secondary structure prediction technique is proposed which includes nucleation site determination through multiplication of conformational preference parameters as well as weighting factors to represent structurally stabilizing short range interactions. The prediction accuracy of the method is calculated using data bases categorized according to the four protein structural classes and with differing assignments of secondary structural regions. The results indicate that nearest neighbor prediction techniques (a) are insensitive to various assignment criteria for the secondary structural spans, (b) have nearly achieved their upper limit of prediction accuracy, and (c) can be somewhat improved through the use of stereochemical weighting factors and conformational parameters derived from the four structural groups. PMID- 7118410 TI - Coordination chemistry of peptides. Part II. Crystal structure of cyclo-L methionylglycine and studies of metal complexation. AB - The structure of the title compound displays a nearly planar diketopiperazine ring. The side chain is folded on the ring, the S atom making a significantly short contact with the methionine carbonyl atom. The crystal packing shows an unusual assembly of alternating layers of peptide and crystallization water molecules. The side chain sulfur atom is found to be the primary site for metal coordination of the ligand, while in some systems there is evidence of additional coordination through deprotonated amide nitrogens. PMID- 7118411 TI - Synthesis of some biologically active substituted thiazole and thiazoline-amino acid derivatives. Part I. AB - Synthesis of a series of N-(2-acetylaminothiazole-5-sulphonyl) amino acids (II VI) and some of their corresponding methyl esters (VII-XI) is described. Coupling of N-tosyl-or N-phthalylamino acid with 2-amino-2-thiazoline using the DCC method furnishes 2-(N-tosyl- or N-phthalylamino acyl) amino-2-thiazoline (XII-XXI). Hydrazinolysis of 2-(N-Pht-L-Phe or N-Pht-L-Ala) amino-2-thiazoline in ethanol afforded 2-(L-Phe or L-Ala) amino-2-thiazoline (XXII and XXIII) respectively. Synthesis of the dipeptide 2-(N-Tos-L-Val-L-Leu) amino-2-thiazoline (XXIV) has been achieved employing the azide method. Sixteen thiazole- and thiazoline-amino acid derivatives were found to be active against a number of microorganisms. PMID- 7118412 TI - Solid-phase synthesis of peptides via alpha, beta-unsaturated amino acids: oxytocin, simultaneous incorporation of amide functions in COOH-terminal and endo positions. AB - Oxytocin was synthesized via the solid-phase method using dehydroalanine as pseudo-protecting group of the carboxyl-terminal as well as the omega-amide functions of asparagine and glutamine in endo-position. Starting with Boc-Gly-Dha resin and using Boc-L-Asp(Dha-NHEt)-OH and Boc-L-Glu(Dha-NHEt)-OH as precursors of asparagine and glutamine, respectively, oxytocin was assembled in stepwise manner under solid phase synthesis conditions. Treatment of the protected [Glu(Dha-NHEt)4, Asp(Dha-NHEt)5]-oxytocin-Dha-resin with 1 n HCl in glacial acetic acid in the presence of 3 equiv. water removed the peptide from the support with the simultaneous formation of the asparagine and glutamine residues to give the protected nonapeptide amide: Cbz-Cys(Bzl)-Tyr(Bzl)-Ile-Gln-Asn Cys(Bzl)-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2, which was deprotected with sodium in liquid ammonia and then oxidized with diiodoethane to give oxytocin. After purification by gel chromatography and countercurrent distribution, the product displayed the chemical and physical properties and oxytocic activity (533 +/- 301U/mg) of a standard oxytocin preparation. PMID- 7118413 TI - Steric effect exerted by the proline residue on the antecedent alanine residue. AB - Five model tetrapeptides: Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala, Pro-Ala-Ala-Ala, Ala-Pro-Ala-Ala, Ala Ala-Pro-Ala and Ala-Ala-Ala-Pro, were synthesized and measured in D2O by 13 C n.m.r. spectroscopy. The spectra analysis led us to the conclusion that for each model (irrespective of pD) in conformational equilibrium, the predominant conformation is the one in which side methyl of alanine preceding proline residue eclipses alanine carbonyl group. The influence of pD changes in cis-trans isomerism of Ala-Pro amide bond was also investigated. PMID- 7118414 TI - Chemical synthesis of urotensin II, a somatostatin like peptide in the caudal neurosecretory system of fishes. AB - In the goby, Gillichthys mirabilis, urotensin II (a bioactive neuropeptide present in the urophysis of teleost fish) has the dodecapeptide sequence, H2N AGTADC-FWKYCV-OH, which is homologous with mammalian somatostatin at positions 1, 2 and 7-9. The Merrifield solid phase synthesis of Gillichthys urotensin II (UII) was accomplished by stepwise assembly from the carboxy terminus using N-alpha tert, butyloxycarbonyl (Boc) amino acids containing benzyl-derived groups for protection of side-chain functionalities, Coupling of amino acids to the growing peptide was mediated by diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC) in the presence of 1 hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt). Residual alpha-amino groups remaining after coupling were blocked by acetylation with 1-acetylimidazole. Crude, synthetic UII was extracted from the HF-treated, protected peptide-resin product, reduced with dithiothreitol (DTT), reoxidized at high dilution with O2, and separated into its components using a single, preparative, reverse-phase HPLC step. The pure, synthetic UII, obtained in 7.6% yield from oxidized crude UII, was indistinguishable from pure, native UII in specific bioactivity, amino acid sequence, and retention time in each of two different HPLC systems. PMID- 7118415 TI - Synthesis and conformational properties of a synthetic cyclic peptide for the active site of alpha-chymotrypsin. AB - A nonapeptide Ac-His-Phe-Gly-Cys-D-Phe-Ser-Gly-Glu-Cys-NH2 (XI) cyclized through the cysteines at positions 4 and 9 is synthesized as a model active site for the enzyme alpha-chymotrypsin. A CPK model of XI indicates that the peptide will have a high probability of folding into a conformation in which the two beta-phenyls interact to form a hydrophobic site to one side of the cyclohexyl structure, and the Ser-His-Glu side chains form a hydrogen bonded triad over the plane of cyclopeptidyl structure. Substrates can then bind at the hydrophobic pocket formed by the beta-phenyls and be acted upon by the Ser-His-Glu catalytic triad, as in the enzyme. 1H. n.m.r. shows: (i) multiplet peaks for the phenyl protons in D2O that condense to a singlet in DMSO-d6, (ii) a perturbation of the phenyl protons chemical shift on proflavin association to XI, and (iii) perturbation of the His pKa to a higher value on association of proflavin to XI. These data support the existence of a hydrophobic site and a Glu-His interaction in the peptide. Furthermore, the greater than 10(2) better affinity of proflavin to XI than to AcTrp supports the existence of a hydrophobic site. However, no acceleration of p-nitrophenyl acetate or trans-cinnamoyl imidazole hydrolysis over that of imidazole is observed. The possible reasons for a lack of esterase activity in XI and other peptidyl models of serine protease active sites are discussed. PMID- 7118416 TI - Mechanistic implications of cyanide binding to carboxypeptidase B. AB - The putative metal coordinating ligand cyanide was used to study the effects of modifications of the metal coordination sphere on the spectral properties and catalytic activity of cobalt and zinc carboxypeptidases. The absorption spectra of Co2+-carboxypeptidase B in the presence of cyanide pointed to a direct interaction of the ligands with the metal. Gel-filtration experiments showed that the binding of one mole of ligand per mole of enzyme metal ion resulted in maximal spectral effects. Binding of cyanide to the metal ion as measured by absorption spectroscopy was inhibited by acetyl-L-arginine, a peptide pseudosubstrate, and by acetyl-D-arginine, a competitive peptide inhibitor. Addition of acetyl arginine to the enzyme-cyanide complex caused displacement of the ligand, as evidenced by the spectral parameters. Cyanide inhibited peptide hydrolysis in a partially noncompetitive manner, i.e. it did not prevent binding of the substrate to the enzyme but the enzyme-substrate-cyanide complex was hydrolyzed at a slower rate than the enzyme-substrate complex. The dissociation constant evaluated from kinetic studies for the binding of cyanide to Co2+ carboxypeptidase B was in good agreement with that obtained from spectral measurements. Hydrolysis of the ester analog of the basis peptide substrate was not affected by cyanide. Based on these data a model is proposed in which the peptide carboxyl group displaces the water molecule from the metal coordination sphere during catalysis without increasing the coordination number. PMID- 7118417 TI - Tyrosyl interactions at the active site of carboxypeptidase B. AB - The phosphorescence emission spectra of native carboxypeptidase B and of chemically modified carboxypeptidase B (at arginyl residues) was measured in the presence and absence of peptide and ester substrates (acetyl-L-arginine and its hydroxy ester analog: acetyl-L-argininic acid). Ester binding did not affect the state of the tyrosyl residue as compared with its state in the substrate-free enzyme. In the modified enzyme, which is devoid of peptidase activity, binding of the peptide pseudosubstrate did not perturb the state of the tyrosyl residue. The luminescence spectra of Zn2+- and Co2+-carboxypeptidase B in the presence of the metal coordinating ligand cyanide, used to displace the water from the metal coordination sphere, is also described. Cyanide did not affect the luminescence spectra of the active-site tyrosyl residue in either Zn2+- or Co2+ carboxypeptidase, indicating that the tyrosyl residue was not interacting directly with the metal bound water. Hence, the effect of peptide on tyrosyl phosphorescence is not caused by the displacement of the tyrosyl from the coordination sphere, but rather by direct interaction of the peptide bond. The data are consistent with the proposition that the tyrosyl residue participates as a proton donor in amide but not in ester hydrolysis. PMID- 7118418 TI - Cleavage of aspartyl beta-phenacyl esters by selenophenol under neutral conditions. AB - Neutral selenophenol in DMF accomplished the removal of the beta-phenacyl protecting group of aspartic acid in solution, on the peptide Boc-Asp (beta-OPac) Phe amide and on the resin peptide Boc-Trp(Nin-For)-Met-Asp (beta-OPac)-P (CCK 30-33) without alpha, beta-rearrangement. PMID- 7118419 TI - Sulfur protection with the 3-nitro-2-pyridine sulfenyl group in solid-phase peptide synthesis. AB - The 3-nitro-2-pyridinesulfenyl (Npys) group has been used successfully for side chain protection of cysteine during the stepwise solid-phase synthesis of Lys8 vasopressin (LVP) on benzhydrylamine resin. The versatility and limitations of this group have been evaluated by comparison of this synthesis with a parallel control synthesis using the 3,4-dimethylbenzyl (DMB) group and with a synthesis utilizing a combination of both groups. The Npys group was found to be stable to TFA as reported and, in addition, was found to be stable to HF: anisole (9:1) for 45 min at 0 degree, but not when thiol was present in either reagent. Furthermore, compatibility of the Npys group with the Boc-benzyl synthetic tactic in solid-phase peptide synthesis was demonstrated. LVP with full biological activity was obtained after purification by gel filtration and reverse-phase HPLC. PMID- 7118420 TI - Crystal and molecular structure of tert.-butyloxycarbonyl-L-hydroxy-prolyl-alpha aminoisobutyryl-alpha-aminoisobutyryl-L-phenylalaninol. AB - The crystal structure of the synthetic tetrapeptide, Boc-Hyp-Aib-Aib-Phol, an analogue of the C-terminal tetrapeptide in the antibiotic antiamoebin I, was determined as part of a study of the conformation of peptaibophol antibiotics. The crystals are orthorhombic, space group P212121, with cell parameters a = 16.576 (1) A, b = 17.657 (1) A, c = 10.435 (1) A, V = 3053.9 (2) A3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.163 g.cm-3. The three amino acids from a single turn of a 3 10-helix, stabilized by two intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The Aib residues adopt the usual conformation in the region between the 3 10- and alpha-helices. The terminal hydroxy methyl group of the phenylalaninol residue is disordered. The position of the benzyl side chain of the amino alcohol relative to the backbone corresponds to a conformation also observed in phenylalanine residues. PMID- 7118421 TI - Circular dichroic and immunological properties of human choriogonadotropin- beta carboxyl terminal peptides. AB - Circular dichroic spectra have been obtained in aqueous solution and in trifluoro ethanol for several synthetic (non-glycosylated) human choriogonadotropin carboxyl terminal peptides of the beta-subunit ranging in size from 10 residues to 40 residues. These was no evidence for formation of alpha-helicity or beta structure, but the spectra in 90% (v/v) trifluoroethanol were consistent with the occurrence of beta-turns. The Chou-fasman predictive rules also suggest a high probability of beta-turns in these peptides which could result in the occurrence of repeating kinks. Disulfide-linked dimers were also investigated by circular dichroism, and there was evidence of stabilization of particular skewness of the disulfide dihedral angle depending upon the location of the disulfide bond. The single phenylalanyl residue at position 115 in the beta-subunit also contributed to the circular dichroic spectra above 250 nm. Antibodies raised to a peptide consisting of residues 111-145 have been shown to contain two immunological determinants, but the sum of antibodies raised to separate determinant sequences do not equal those raised to the full length peptide. These data could reflect the existence of a conformation-related determinant on the 111-145 peptide or stearic hindrance of immunoglobulin binding of two antibodies to the same peptide. PMID- 7118422 TI - Dependence of melittin structure on its interaction with multivalent anions and with model membrane systems. AB - The conformation and the aggregation state of melittin were investigated in aqueous solutions having different pH values and ionic composition as well as upon interaction with phospholipids. While circular dichroism could only show the existence, in aqueous solution, of either a random-coil or of a right-handed helical conformation, high resolution 1H and 13C n.m.r. spectra, together with the results of photon correlation spectroscopy, produced evidence in favour of a number of different well-defined structural states, depending on anion concentration and charge and on pH. In pure water at neutral pH melittin appeared to exist as a flexible random-cell monomer; in dilute NaCl a monomeric form was found which was still essentially unordered, but presented a pronounced rigidity of structure, and could be approximated to a prolate ellipsoid. When divalent anions were present (or when high ionic strengths were reached even with monovalent anions) melittin molecules associated into a compact disc-like tetramer; by 31P n.m.r., correlations could be established between the binding of phosphate ions and the variations in the structure or in the aggregation state of the polypeptide chains. As alkaline pH a helical tetramer was also found, different, however, from that formed on the presence of divalent anions at neutral pH. Upon binding to phospholipids, melittin molecules can be visualized, similarly to what happens in aqueous phosphate solutions, as consisting essentially of a bent right-handed helix, with a grouping of polar residues along one face of the molecule. The glutamine and lysine residues were strongly immobilized, while there was no n.m.r. evidence for any self-aggregation of the peptide; the ability of melittin to induce dichromate efflux from phospholipid vesicles was in fact higher when the peptide was in the monomeric state than in the tetrameric one. PMID- 7118423 TI - Unusual cis-trans isomerism in N-acetyl, N'-methylamide derivatives of syn- and anti-5-methylproline. AB - By means of carbon-13 n.m.r. spectroscopy, we have investigated cis-trans isomerism for N-acetyl, N'-methylamide derivatives of syn- and anti-5 methylproline (syn: the methyl group and carboxamide are on the same side of the proline ring, anti: on opposite sides). For Ac-syn-5-MeProNHMe, we observe about 25% cis peptide bond isomers in most solvents as is common for oligopeptides of proline. The percentage of cis isomer is about 20% greater for Ac-anti-5 MeProNHMe in non-polar solvents. These percentages show little temperature dependence. The free energy barrier for trans to cis isomerization is 19.4 kcal/mol in dioxane and 20.0 kcal/mol in dimethylsulfoxide for Ac-anti-5 MeProNHMe, in agreement with values observed for other peptides. However, value observed for Ac-syn-5-MeProNHMe are about 2 kcal/mol lower. For the latter peptide the barrier is 1.7 kcal/mol higher in water than in three organic solvents. These results indicate that steric interactions of the 5-methyl group destabilized the trans peptide isomer in Ac-anti-5-MeProNHMe without affecting the isomerization barrier. In contrast, for Ac-syn-5-MeProNHMe, the cis and trans peptide isomers are destabilized by the same amount so that the barrier is lowered without altering the equilibrium ratio. The higher energy barrier in water indicates binding of solvent to the plant peptide ground state. PMID- 7118424 TI - Internal fluctuations in globular proteins. AB - An attempt was made to study the dynamics and hence the fluctuations in globular proteins treating them as prolate and oblate spheroidal bodies. The fluctuations were obtained by solving the dynamical differential equation of motion derived from the elastic stress-strain relations. The results provide information on the nature of variation of the displacement of the atoms due to fluctuations in the distance from the central of the protein. PMID- 7118427 TI - Biofunctional evaluation of a hydrogen bond stabilizing the conformation in the cyclic part of oxytocin. AB - [5-beta-Malamidic acid]oxytocin was synthesized to study the importance of the hydrogen bond between the C=O of Tyr2 and the peptide N-H of Asn5 for the stabilization of a biologically functional conformation of oxytocin. This analog lacks the peptide N-H at residue 5 required for the formation of a hydrogen bond with the C-O of Tyr2. [5-beta-Malamidic acid] oxytocin exhibited 45.1 +/- 2.5 U/mg and 65.6 +/- 5.9 U/mg of uterotonic activity, in vitro, in the absence and in the presence, respectively, of Mg2+, 147 +/- 14 U/mg of uterotonic activity in vivo, 203 +/- 13 U/mg of milk-ejecting activity, 0.37 +/- 0.03 U/mg of pressor activity and 0.32 +/- 0.29 U/mg of antidiuretic activity. It is concluded that devoid of the hydrogen bond under question, an oxytocin-like peptide can still assume the conformation needed to interact with the oxytocin receptors. PMID- 7118425 TI - Allomalformin. AB - In an attempt to find explanation for the initial erroneous sequence assignment for malformin, a sequence-isomer of the natural product, 3-isoleucine-5-valine malformin or briefly "allomalformin" that on partial acid hydrolysis could have given rise to misleading fragments, was synthesized and compared with both natural and synthetic preparations of malformin. Allomalformin is identical to the parent microbial peptide (malformin A, or briefly malformin) with respect to biological activity and conformation (ORD and CD spectra) and is indistinguishable from it by high pressure liquid chromatography. Yet, the two isomers have slightly different Rf values on thin-layer chromatograms and by this method no allomalformin could be detected in samples of the natural product. On the other hand both high pressure liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography demonstrated the presence of the lower homolog, 5-valine malformin, in the samples examined. On partial acid hydrolysis this natural analog should liberate Val-Cys, while Cys-Val forms from malformin itself. Similarly, the corresponding desthio cyclopentapeptides should give rise to Val Ala and Ala-Val respectively; the former being more resistant to further hydrolysis persists in the partial hydrolysates. The presence of Val-Cys in partial hydrolysates of malformin and of Val-Ala in the partial hydrolysates of desthiomalformin, both originating from the accompanying lower homolog rather than from malformin itself, is likely to have led to the postulation of the erroneous Cys-Val-Cys partial sequence. PMID- 7118426 TI - Deprotection of Nin-formyl tryptophan using 1,2-ethanedithiol in liquid hydrogen fluoride. Deformylation upon HF treatment of Merrifield peptidyl-resins. AB - Deprotection of Nin-formyl tryptophan (Trp) occurs during liquid hydrogen fluoride treatment at 0 degrees when 1,2-ethanedithiol (EDT), or 1,4 butanedithiol, is present. Deformylation, as evidenced by amino acid analysis and ultraviolet spectral analysis, is complete after 10 min at 0 degrees when Trp(CHO) is treated with HF:anisole:EDT(85:10:5) or HF:EDT (95:5). HF treatment of a peptidyl-resin containing Trp(CHO) yielded a peptide whose ultraviolet spectrum was typical of Trp (maximum at 280 nm) rather than Trp(CHO) (maximum at 300 nm). However, in the absence of dithiol during HF treatment, the expected spectrum for Trp(CHO) was obtained. The efficiency of HF cleavage of a 49 peptidyl-resin was unaffected by EDT; 77% was cleaved in the presence of EDT, and 76% in the absence of EDT. In a model study, dithiol deformylation as a synthetic tactic was used for the solid-phase synthesis of Trp-Met-Asp-Phe amide. When the Trp(CHO)-Met-Asp(Bzl)-Phe-NH-methylbenzhydrylamine resin was treated with HF:anisole:EDT(85:10:5) for 30 min at 0 degree, the major peptide component observed by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) was identical to the control tetrapeptide amide made without CHO-group protection of Trp. PMID- 7118428 TI - Reduction of methionine sulfoxide in peptide synthesis by use of 2 mercaptopyridine in liquid hydrogen fluoride. AB - Methionine d-sulfoxide can be reduced to methionine in liquid hydrogen fluoride in the presence of 2-mercaptopyridine. The utility of the reaction in peptide synthesis was demonstrated by preparation of the model peptide H-Leu-Gly-Arg-Leu Gly-Met-Phe-OH (I) by the solid-phase method. When the peptide resin H-Leu-Gly Arg(Tos)-Leu-Gly-Met(d-sulfoxide)-Phe-resin is treated in liquid HF in the presence of the standard scavenger anisole, H-Leu-Gly-Arg-Leu-Gly-Met(d sulfoxide)-Phe-OH (II) is obtained in ca. 66% overall yield with no detectable trace of I. When the same peptide resin is treated in like manner in the added presence of 2-mercaptopyridine, I is obtained in ca. 63% overall yield with no detectable trace of II. PMID- 7118430 TI - Physicochemical studies of dinitrophenylated bovine serum albumin. AB - The structural changes of bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a function of dinitrophenylation have been studied by disc gel electrophoresis, sedimentation velocity analyses, and circular dichroism. These experiments were designed to understand the molecular bases for the change in immunogenicity and antigenicity of BSA upon dinitrophenylation. Dinitrophenylated BSA tends to aggregate to dimers and higher aggregates. A concomitant large change in electrophoretic mobility was also observed. Circular dichroism studies reveal a large decrease in the alpha-helical structure of the BSA molecule. PMID- 7118429 TI - Conformation and crystal structure of L-prolyl-L-glutamic acid dihydrate. AB - The crystal structure of the dipeptide L-prolyl-L-glutamic acid dihydrate, L-Pro L-Glu . 2H2O, C10H20O7N2, has been determined from three-dimensional X-ray diffractometer data. The dipeptide crystallizes in the space group P21 of the monoclinic system with two formula units in a cell of dimensions a = 5.629(2), b = 11.832(5), c = 10.485(4)A, and beta = 103.06(3) degrees. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined by least squares techniques to a final value of the conventional R-factor (on F) of 0.039 based on 1798 independent intensities with I greater than or equal to 3 sigma(I). The dipeptide occurs as a zwitterion in the crystal with the pyrrolidine nitrogen atom protonated and the main chain carboxyl group deprotonated. The conformation of the peptide linkage is trans, the omega torsional angle being 173.7 degrees. The pyrrolidine ring adopts the Cs-C beta endo conformation and the conformation of the glutamyl side chain is fully extended. There is considerable intermolecular hydrogen bonding in the crystals. PMID- 7118431 TI - Peptide-urea interaction. Heats of mixing of cyclic dipeptides with urea. AB - The excess enthalpies of the ternary aqueous solutions containing urea and the glycyl-glycine, glycyl-L-alanine, L-alanyl-L-alanine and sarcosyl-sarcosine diketopiperazines respectively have been determined. A weak but favourable enthalpic contribution to the interaction between these solutes is found. The difference between "strong" and "weak" interactions in aqueous solutions of non electrolytes is stressed and the role of water in the weak, non-specific interactions, is discussed. The consequence of the weakness of the urea-peptide interactions on the binding of urea to the proteins is also briefly discussed. PMID- 7118432 TI - Synthesis and properties of human gamma-lipotropin. AB - The synthesis of human gamma-lipotropin by the solid-phase method is described. The synthetic product was characterized by Rf in partition chromatography on Sephadex G-50, paper electrophoresis, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, thin layer chromatography, HPLC, end group determination, peptide mapping of a tryptic digest, and amino acid analyses of acid and enzymic digests. The synthetic material is identical to natural human gamma-lipotropin when assayed against natural human beta-lipotropin for lipolytic activity. PMID- 7118434 TI - Component vicinal coupling constants for calculating side-chain conformations in amino acids. AB - The averaged proton-proton torsion angles for the three side-chain rotamers in amino acids are calculated from a statistical analysis of X-ray structures of side-chain fragments. In combination with a generalized Karplus equation the limiting coupling constants for the rotamers are calculated. The presently deduced sets are compared with published sets of limiting coupling constants. PMID- 7118433 TI - Isolation and characterisation of a novel peptide from ostrich adenohypophyses. AB - A novel peptide has been isolated from ostrich pituitary glands using acid acetone extraction, salt fractionation, ion exchange and gel permeation chromatography and preparative paper electrophoresis. The homogeneous fraction contained a large proportion of hydrophobic amino acids apparently concentrated in a portion of the polypeptide. An amino-terminal isoleucine and carboxyl terminal glutamine were found. The molecular weight was determined as 15 024 (ultracentrifugation) and 16 185 (amino acid analysis). A single intra-molecular disulfide bond was determined. The isoelectric point was 6.5. A possible role as part of a hormone precursor is suggested. PMID- 7118435 TI - Crystal structure of the 1:1 mixture of cyclic (L-Ala-L-Pro-L-Phe-L-Pro) and cyclic (L-Ala-L-Pro-D-Phe-L-Pro). AB - The conformation of the synthetic cyclic tetrapeptide Ala-Pro-Phe-Pro, C22H28N4O4, was established by X-ray diffraction methods. Although the synthesis was designed to produce only the LLLL isomer, the crystal structure analysis showed that the unit cell contained both the LLLL and LLDL isomers. The mixture crystallized in space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) with a = 20.532(7) A, b = 22.228 (9) A and c = 9.429 (2) A. The two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit were found to be diastereoisomers. Both molecules have a cis trans cis trans conformation for the backbone, however, the LLLL isomer has an approximate 2-fold rotation axis perpendicular to the average plane of the peptide ring, while the backbone in the LLDL isomer is quite asymmetric. Each of these conformations represents a new form, not reported previously. PMID- 7118436 TI - The rate of s-cis/s-trans isomerization in angiotensin II is at least 70-fold greater than in His-Pro and is not rate limiting in receptor binding. AB - The dipeptide L-histidyl-L-proline interconverts between the s-cis and s-trans rotational isomers of the amide bond with an average rate constant of 2.0 ks-1 at 22.5 degrees. This rate is independent of pH throughout the pH range 5.5-8.5 as determined by pH jump from low pH with potentiometric recording of the slow approach to equilibrium pH, and by integration of the histidine C-2 and C-4 proton n.m.r. resonances as a function of time following pD jump from low pD. From the temperature dependence of the n.m.r. experiments this interconversion has an Arrhenius activation energy of 20 kcal X mol-1 and a free energy of activation of 21 kcal X mol-1, similar to other simple acyl- and aminoacylprolines. The octapeptide angiotensin II containing L-histidyl-L-proline at position 6-7 interconverts at least 70-fold faster than the free dipeptide. This rate is too fast to be rate limiting in the binding of angiotensin II to its receptor in rat adrenal cortex. PMID- 7118437 TI - Kinetic mechanism of threonyl-tRNA synthetase from human placenta. AB - Using purified enzyme and homologous tRNA, we have investigated the order of substrate binding and product release for the human placental threonyl-tRNA synthetase by isotope exchange, initial velocity, dead-end inhibition and product inhibition studies. The kinetic patterns obtained from these studies are consistent with a unique Bi Uni Uni Bi ping-pong mechanism. The order of addition of the first two substrates ATP and threonine is random, while the release of products follows an obligatory sequence, with AMP as the last product to dissociate from the enzyme. PMID- 7118439 TI - Statistical demonstration of minor colour vision abnormalities. AB - Analysis of the results from 94 male and 94 female young normal trichromats on the 100 hue test and the Nagel and Pickford-Nicolson anomaloscopes that colour deviant and/or colour weak subjects can be distinguished from the wholly normal bulk by considering the normality of certain test result distributions as well as by considering the combinations between test results considered abnormal. The stated minor abnormalities of colour vision are frequent and their types are those described by Pickford and by Lakowski (never' colour asthenopia). They are recognised by means of the anomaloscopes and not by means of the 100 hue test. PMID- 7118441 TI - Psychogenic seizures and loss. AB - A review of the diagnostic and treatment approaches to psychogenic seizures has been offered. Two case reports of psychogenic seizures precipitated by loss and associated with depressive symptomatology have been presented. A literature review of cases seems to substantiate the frequency for the association between the development of psychogenic seizures and loss/depressive symptomatology. Symptom relief can be achieved with the utilization of a crisis intervention style psychotherapy. Antidepressant medication may also have a useful role in the treatment of some psychogenic seizures. PMID- 7118438 TI - Clinical studies on high and low power laser radiation upon some structures of the anterior and posterior segments of the eye. Experiences in the treatment of some pathological conditions of the anterior and posterior segments of the human eye by means of a Nd:YAG laser, driven at various power levels. AB - A Q-switched Nd:YAG laser apparatus has been used in the treatment of a number of pathological conditions of the anterior and posterior segments of the human eye. This laser system may be driven in a free running mode, thereby allowing variation of pulse duration over a range of 12 ns to 10 ms. With increasing pulse duration, non-linear mechanical damage patterns characteristic of the biological effects at the lower exposure duration range become unimportant when compared to the so-called thermal effects met at the upper pulse duration range. The thermal damage mechanisms may be useful when applied together with the mechanical damage mechanism, for instance when iris perforations are intended. Because the Wise Witter irradiation method for the treatment of open angle glaucoma depends on low power, thermal mechanisms, this instrument may also be useful for the treatment of this disease entity. This same irradiation mode may also be applied to at least some irradiation tasks of the retina and choroid. PMID- 7118440 TI - Use of the dexamethasone suppression test on a combined medicine-psychiatry inpatient unit. AB - The dexamethasone suppression test (DST) appears to be a sensitive and specific biological marker for endogenous depression that can have important diagnostic and treatment implications. The authors present three case studies of patients treated on a combined medicine-psychiatric inpatient unit, and who presented with complex psychobiological illnesses. They discuss the usefulness of the DST in the hospital management of these patients from a diagnostic and treatment perspective. PMID- 7118442 TI - A critical analysis of psychological factors in the management and treatment of chronic pelvic pain. AB - Chronic pelvic pain is a common presenting complaint in gynecology clinics. In a proportion of cases no pathology or sufficient pathology can be found to account for the level of complaint. This paper reviews the evidence on the psychological characteristics of patients presenting with chronic pelvic pain without obvious pathology. Methodological considerations are identified in order to guide future research. There is a need for prospective studies, in which women with pelvic pain of whatever etiology are evaluated, in order to provide contextual data and to identify predictors of treatment response. PMID- 7118443 TI - Evaluating psychosocial stress: preliminary report on a brief and convenient instrument for health professionals. AB - The Heimler Scale of Social Functioning (HSSF) is an effective instrument for evaluating psychosocial stress and dysfunction. When tested, the HSSF clearly differentiated between two different patient groups: those who had scheduled initial appointments for outpatient psychotherapy and those who were participating in a multiphasic health examination. Both groups were composed of members of the same prepaid health plan, utilizing the same medical center, and were comparable to each other in all respects except age. This scale has excellent potential for use as a screening instrument by primary care physicians in clinics and medical centers, psychotherapists in various clinical settings, and psychiatric professionals in outpatients services. PMID- 7118444 TI - Effects of a psychiatric liaison program on internists' ability to assess psychosocial problems. AB - The ability to assess psychosocial problems of a group of primary care internal medicine residents education in a relatively unstructured psychiatric liaison program was compared to a group of internists who had no specialized psychiatric training. The primary care residents did not demonstrate a superior ability to assess patients' psychosocial problems when compared to internists without such training. The effectiveness of such unstructured liaison experiences (i.e., the Balint model of group supervision and teaching conferences) is questioned. The authors suggest that the main benefit of such informal approaches may lie in gaining initial attitudinal and administrative acceptance by nonpsychiatric physicians of liaison teaching programs. Formally structured, supervised learning experiences are probably necessary to effectively enhance internists' clinical skills and behaviors in dealing with the psychosocial and psychiatric aspects of medical care. PMID- 7118445 TI - Atypical ventricular tachycardia in combined tetracyclic, antidepressant, neuroleptic and anticholinergic drugs interaction. PMID- 7118446 TI - The use of the dexamethasone suppression test in the differential diagnosis of catatonic stupor. AB - Catatonic stupor is a cluster of symptoms and not necessarily a disease entity. It may be seen not only in schizophrenia, but in major affective disorders, conversion disorders, organic brain syndromes, and atypical psychoses. The dexamethasone suppression test is a valuable tool in the diagnosis of major affective disorders, differentiating them from other types of psychopathology. In a twelve month retrospective study, five patients admitted to Psychiatric Institute of Atlanta were identified as meeting the criteria for catatonic schizophrenia. A dexamethasone suppression test was performed shortly after admission. Four of the five had patterns of inadequate suppression, indicative of a major affective disorder rather than a schizophrenic disorder. The dexamethasone suppression test is simple to administer, relatively painless, free from hazards, easy to interpret, readily available, and reliable. Not only can the dexamethasone suppression test be used in diagnosis, but also as a valuable aid in following the therapeutic progress in resolution of a major affective disorder. PMID- 7118447 TI - The clinical and laboratory correlates of nasal polyps in cystic fibrosis. AB - The clinical histories, chest X-ray appearances, skin prick test results, pulmonary function and IgE levels of 20 patients with cystic fibrosis (C.F.) complicated by nasal polyps have been compared with those of 97 C.F. controls. The patients who had developed polyps had a different clustering of symptoms to the controls with heavier birthweights, later presentations, milder gastrointestinal symptoms in infancy, less infection with Staphylococcus aureus and better vital capacities. There was no evidence on history, skin testing or IgE levels that the polyps patients were more allergic. It is likely, therefore, that nasal polyps in C.F. are due to a primary effect of the C.F. gene, although they could also be the effect of chronic nasal infection. PMID- 7118448 TI - Electron microscopic investigations on the upper respiratory tracts of infants and children for detecting viral infections. AB - The upper respiratory tract of 20 infants and children, suffering from viral diseases, have been investigated cytochemically and electron microscopically. We employed the electron microscope negative staining and the concanavalin-A peroxidase methods in our investigations, besides the usual serological and immunological ones. Concanavalin-A-peroxidase reaction showed a characteristic damaging of the cell-surface which may play an important role in viral infection. The electron microscope negative staining investigations showed adeno-, herpes- and influenza-virions which are referring to viruses. These morphological methods are useful and they increase the efficiency of diagnosing viral infections. PMID- 7118449 TI - Longitudinal ABR in the NICU infant. AB - To assess the reliability of ABR testing of NICU infants, longitudinal ABR testing was accomplished on 50 NICU infants while hospitalized and subsequently at 4 and at 20-24 months of age. The results indicate that ABR testing in the NICU may be a poor predictor of subsequent permanent hearing loss. The implications of these findings are discussed with the recommendation that ABR testing in the NICU be used in concert with follow-up testing. PMID- 7118450 TI - Intrauterine hypoxia as a cause of hearing impairment in children. AB - Among more than 10,000 mothers giving birth during 1974-1977, there were 20 known cases of severe placental insufficiency in connection with hypertensive disease during pregnancy. Well-documented signs of intrauterine hypoxia were observed in all the cases. In 50% of the fetuses intrauterine growth retardation was found to be below the 10th percentile curve. In most cases the baby was delivered by means of a caesarean section. The hearing level of these infants was examined at the age of 2-5 years. In these 20 children there were no signs of sensorineural hearing loss; however, because of the size of the population, the conclusions drawn from this thorough work must be tentative. It seems that with good maternity care and thorough treatment hearing loss due to intrauterine hypoxia can be prevented. PMID- 7118451 TI - Spontaneous improvement in ears with middle ear disease. AB - The 'healthy-baby-clinics' in Goteborg, as in all Sweden, test all 4-year-olds with pure tone screening (failure criterion greater than 20 dB). Those who fail are referred to an oto-audiological health center. In an effort to prevent over referrals of false positives as well as under-referrals of false negatives all referred children in this study have been tested with pure tone audiometry supplemented by tympanometry. At the oto-audiological health center a test program including 3 tests with intervals of 6 weeks was initiated. Failure criteria were middle ear pressure less than - 150 mm H2O and hearing loss (HL) in the frequency range 0.125-8 kHz greater than 20 dB. In Goteborg (430,000 inhabitants) 5928 4-year-olds were tested at the 'healthy-baby-clinics' during 1980. Of these 498 (8.4%) failed in pure tone screening, 248 of which are included in the present study. At the first check in our test program, which was performed 3-8 weeks after referral, only 45% of the children were abnormal. Of these 60% normalized during the test program. Thus of the ears referred following the pure tone screening at the 'healthy-baby-clinics' only 18% remained after 15 20 weeks for referral to an ENT-doctor. PMID- 7118452 TI - Structure of the pars flaccida after occlusion of the Eustachian tube or blockade of the tympanic isthmus. AB - In this experimental study performed on the rat middle ear either the Eustachian tube or the tympanic isthmus was blocked via the tympanic bulla with a polyethylene plug or a piece of Gelfoam, respectively. Effusion material was immediately observed in the attic space and subsequently the pars flaccida was drawn in a medial direction to form a retraction pocket. The initial changes in the pars flaccida structure were a degranulation of the mast cells and concomitantly metaplasia of the mucosal epithelium into cells displaying numerous osmiophilic inclusions, vacuoles and multivesicular bodies. It cannot be excluded that the initial cause of the effusion production is the histamine released from mast cell granules. PMID- 7118453 TI - Laryngeal foreign bodies in children. AB - Laryngeal foreign bodies (F.B.) in children are relative rare, especially in infants under one year of age, and the diagnosis and removal are difficult. The history, the clinical and radiologic findings can be misleading. Seventeen patients with laryngeal F.B. (10 of them under one year of age) are presented, and the diagnostic problems and treatment are discussed. Foreign bodies were either objects of a sharp and thin quality, e.g. an eggshell fragment, or large, e.g. a piece of meat, causing apnea and death. PMID- 7118454 TI - Nasopharyngeal haemangiopericytoma in a child. PMID- 7118455 TI - The Worcester Development Project. PMID- 7118456 TI - Walk-in clinic drop-outs. AB - Data were collected among 159 consecutive new patients in a walk-in clinic. Patients were given an appointment for a subsequent visit after the initial clinical diagnostic interview, and 61% completed their referral. A long waiting list and a diagnosis of depressive neurosis were significantly associated with drop-out. Possible forms of follow-up are suggested. PMID- 7118457 TI - Delusion across cultures. AB - The delusions of 200 patients attending a general hospital psychiatric clinic in India were studied; the frequencies of the various types were then compared with results reported from other countries. Delusions of bodily control and of poisoning of food occurred more frequently in the present sample. Grandiose delusions were more commonly seen in the first-born, while in the last-born, delusions of persecution and of reference were more frequent. Females were more likely to develop delusions of infidelity. Possible causes of the relationship between types of delusions and socio-demographic factors are discussed. PMID- 7118458 TI - A cross cultural study of symptomatology of depression--eastern versus western patients. AB - The symptoms exhibited by 100 depressed patients from Western India were studied. A statistical comparison was made of these symptoms with the symptoms of British depressed patients, reported in two studies from Newcastle-upon-Tyne. The symptoms in this group are similar to what has been reported for the Indian population in general except for paranoid features, which were less common. Compared with depressed patients from North India, somatic symptoms were significantly more common, while late insomnia, reduction in work and activities, and retardation were significant less frequent. Compared to South Indian depressed patients, depressed mood and hypochondriasis were significantly greater, and suicidal tendency and diurnal variation significantly less. Amongst Indian depressed patients generally, somatic symptoms, hypochondriasis, anxiety and agitation are present in a significantly larger percentage of patients, but guilt feelings, obsessional and paranoid symptoms are significantly less frequent, compared with British depressed patients. PMID- 7118459 TI - Traditional and modern psychiatry: a survey of opinions and beliefs amongst people in plateau state, Nigeria. AB - Some aspects of traditional psychiatry were investigated in a sample of 80 Nigerians, varying in terms of sex, educational level and locality (rural or urban). The results suggest that attitudes towards traditional healers are generally favourable, that mystical causes of madness are the most popular, and that traditional healers are felt to have an important role to play in treating mad people. These conclusions apply regardless of educational level or locality. PMID- 7118460 TI - Changing characteristics of psychiatric patients: private and public care in Chicago. AB - There is increasing evidence that the social and cultural characteristics of psychiatric patients have been changing over time. It is important from a professional and public policy point of view to understand better the nature of these changes, and to what they are related. This paper presents data showing that: 1) psychiatric care is increasingly reaching patients of lower socio economic status, and 2) changes in patient characteristics are related to the growth in the proportion of psychiatric care given in organisationally based non private practice settings. PMID- 7118461 TI - Veterans and aggression: an empirical test of two rival theoretical models. PMID- 7118462 TI - Attitudes towards the role of women in Cuban women attending a community college. AB - The study examines both the attitudes towards the role of women in society and the psychological masculinity/femininity manifested by a small group of Cuban American college women. In Miami, 31 such women completed the Attitudes Towards Women Scale and the Personal Attributes Questionnaire. Overall, the means for this group corresponded with the established American norms. The authors thought that age, number of years in the U.S., mother's educational level, position in family and relative fluency of English would affect both AWS and PAQ scores. Only the last variable appeared to have an impact, with those women who reported fluency in both English and Spanish obtaining more liberal AWS scores than those who reported being less fluent in English. PMID- 7118463 TI - Esophageal surgery today. PMID- 7118464 TI - Reoperation after Heller's operation for achalasia and other motility disorders of the esophagus: a study of eighty-one reoperations. AB - Most failures or pseudo-failures of Heller's operation are due to an imperfect surgical technique. The procedure should include the entire muscular layer, extend as far upwards as possible and at least two to three cm downwards onto the stomach. Furthermore, it should be associated with an anti-reflux procedure. Eighty-one operations were performed in 70 patients who had previously undergone Heller's operation. Of the 42 patients presenting with recurrent achalasia, 21 had an insufficient Heller procedure upwards, 10 downwards and 11 in depth. Twenty-three patients had peptic esophagitis and three had periesophageal sclerosis. The management of these 70 reoperated patients included 36 iterative esophageal myotomies, 32 resections, four total duodenal diversions and two hiatal reconstructions. Repeated cardiomyotomies gave excellent results in 75% of cases and esophagogastric resection in 79%. PMID- 7118465 TI - Advanced megaesophagus with recurrent dysphagia following initial surgical treatment. AB - The results of the surgical treatment of twenty patients with advanced megaesophagus who had undergone previous treatment are presented. After the previous operation, the asymptomatic period was less than five years in mot cases; symptoms included dysphagia (100%), regurgitation (65%), heartburn (50%), pain (45%), excess saliva (20%) and palpitations (10%). The definitive treatment was cervico-abdominal esophagectomy (45%), distal esophagectomy (20%), Thal Hatafuku's operation (15%) and miscellaneous (15%). In our experience, the best procedures are cervico-abdominal esophagectomy and Thal-Hatafuku's operation. PMID- 7118466 TI - Endoscopic treatment of benign postanastomotic annular stricture of the cervical esophagus. AB - Although most patients presenting with a fibrotic stricture at an esophagocolic or esophagogastric anastomosis respond well to the classical dilation therapy, a number of them do not and are therefore considered to have a condition refractory to the classical method. In these cases, we performed fiberesophagoscopic section and segmentation of the stenosing ring itself, which did not exceed one cm in length, using appropriate equipment such as an electric endoscopic scalpel. Widening of the strictured segment was completed with successive dilations using a Maloney type bougie. Dysphagia disappeared after the endoscopic procedure in 21 (84%) of the 25 patients with stricture of the cervical anastomosis, after esophagocoloplasty or esophagogastroplasty, without any serious complications. PMID- 7118467 TI - Surgical problems with gastroesophageal reflux. AB - One hundred and fifty-eight patients with gastroesophageal reflux underwent semifundoplication with intraabdominal fixation of the esophagus by suturing the valve to the diaphragm. The immediate functional results were excellent in 156 cases, one patient had recurrent gastroesophageal reflux and another had a sliding hernia. The mean follow-up period of 124 patients was 36 months. In almost all patients gastroesophageal reflux, gas-bloat syndrome and the inability to vomit or eructate were absent. The author describes the conditions necessary for a good anti-reflux technique and compares his technique with those of Nissen, Hill and Belsey. PMID- 7118468 TI - Esophagogastric anastomosis with valvuloplasty: an experimental study. AB - Twenty dogs divided into two equal groups were studied by the authors in order to evaluate the functional activity and the occurrence of reflux and esophagitis after esophagogastrectomy followed by a simple esophagogastric anastomosis (group A) and associated with an anti-reflux valve mechanism (group B). The functional activity was studied by manometry at the esophagogastric junction and the occurrence of esophagitis by histologic examination of the esophagus after 25 days of histamine gastric acid stimulation. In group A, no high pressure zone between the gastric and esophageal tracings were verified. Reflux and esophagitis which, occurred in all animals, was severe in 70%. In group B, manometry demonstrated that esophagogastropexy creates a high pressure zone. At deglutition this zone showed positive deflections, corresponding to the propagation of the peristaltic wave in the segment of esophagus, encircled by the stomach. Esophagitis, which was detected in 30%, was less severe than that observed in group A. PMID- 7118469 TI - Esophageal stripping with preservation of the vagus nerve. AB - In the surgical treatment of benign stricture of the esophagus, resection should be considered rather than a simple bypass procedure. For resection, blunt esophagectomy without thoracotomy is sometimes the procedure of choice. To prevent postoperative diarrhea due to truncal vagotomy, a new surgical technique to preserve the celiac and hepatic branches of the vagus nerve has been introduced, in conjunction with blunt esophagectomy. PMID- 7118471 TI - The surgical treatment of cancer of the cervical esophagus: complications and preliminary results. AB - Out of 129 cancers of the cervical esophagus, 74 (57%) were resected. After laryngopharyngectomy and segmentary esophagectomy, the reconstruction was performed by substernal coloplasty in 18 cases and by free bowel autotransplantation in 18. When total esophagectomy was performed, pharyngogastroplasty was performed in 32 cases and pharyngocoloplasty in seven. The total postoperative death rate was 18.9%. In cases of segmentary resection the three-year survival rate was 14.34% and 15.87% in cases of total esophagectomy. PMID- 7118470 TI - Anesthesia for operations for carcinoma of the esophagus. PMID- 7118472 TI - Surgical treatment of cancer of the thoracic esophagus. AB - Out of 209 patients with cancer of the esophagus and cardia, 85 underwent tumoral resection. The approach for cancer of the middle third of the esophagus was changed from the classic right posterolateral thoracotomy with laparotomy to right anterior thoracotomy with laparotomy, which permits two surgical teams to work simultaneously. The postoperative mortality rate was 20.2%, the anastomotic leakage 12.9% and pulmonary complications 20.1%. PMID- 7118473 TI - Clinical evaluation of ten-year survival cases after operation for upper and mid thoracic esophageal cancer. AB - From 1946 to 1976, we examined 1,329 patients who had undergone radical resection for upper and mid-thoracic cancer. Seven patients had a postoperative survival of more than twenty years, 58 more than ten and 137 more than five. Histological and pathological tests were performed: it was thus possible, particularly in patients with a survival of more than ten years, to grade the malignancy according to the classification for histologic malignancy proposed by us for several years (cellular atypism, structural atypism and infiltration). These pathological alterations were closely linked with the prognosis and survival time. PMID- 7118474 TI - Electromicroscopic observations on small vessels in animals treated with sulfinpyrazone and placebo following vascular microsurgery. AB - To evaluate the antithrombotic effect of sulfinpyrazone on blood vessels (1-2 mm diameter) injured by microsurgical procedures, twenty male rabbits were chosen at random to receive sulfinpyrazone (10 mg/kg/die) or placebo three days prior to and on the morning of vascular microsurgery, which consisted of a complete transverse section, or a longitudinal section 1 cm long, of the femoral artery and vein, followed by interrupted suture. Scanning electron microscopy revealed consistently less fibrin and blood cell adhesion to the endothelial areas adjacent to the surgical trauma in the animals treated with sulfinpyrazone than in those treated with placebo. Our results agree with those reported in the literature, demonstrating the antithrombotic effects of sulfinpyrazone at the level of the vascular endothelium injured by various kinds of trauma and are sufficiently encouraging to justify testing this drug in the prevention of vascular thrombosis following microsurgical procedures in man. PMID- 7118475 TI - Combined x-ray diffraction and microchemical gallstone analysis in determining the sequential events in biliary lithogenesis. AB - Seventy-five gallstones were analyzed layer by layer by x-ray diffraction and microchemical techniques. Microchemical analysis showed that protein was present in 96% of stone nuclei. Application of x-ray diffraction analysis to biliary calculi revealed that cholesterol in three crystalline polymorphs and the three forms of calcium carbonate were the predominant crystalline components. "Cholesterol" and "mixed calculi" revealed differences in their composition. The value of the application of multiphasic qualitative analytical techniques to gallstones is discussed and the pattern of the probable sequence of events in the formation of "mixed" gallstones indicated. It appears that in this process of biliary lithogenesis epitaxy may play a significant role especially in the growth of calculi after formation of the nidus. PMID- 7118476 TI - Carcinoma of the prostate, Where are we? AB - The development in staging of carcinoma of the prostate from the traditional A, B, C, D, or 1, 2, 3, 4, to the present A1, A2, B1, B2, C, D1, D2, is presented. This allows more specific treatment with a better prognosis. In addition, newer diagnostic procedures such as pelvic lymphadenectomy, the more sensitive acid phosphatase determination, using radio-immuno assays, counter-immuno electrophoresis, and solid phase immuno-fluorometric assay, the use of CAT scan, and transrectal ultrasonography for early cancer spread detection and follow-up treatment. The current concept in treatment is radical surgery with pelvic lymphadenectomy in the early stages, external radiation, interstitial irradiation with I125, hormone treatment, and cytotoxic chemotherapy for the late stages. PMID- 7118477 TI - Early diagnosis of breast cancer: a new clinical sign. PMID- 7118478 TI - Early non-operative diagnosis of spinal pseudoarthrosis. AB - A review of the literature shows that some loss of correction after seemingly adequate fusion, with or without spinal instrumentation, is considered inevitable and, in general, accepted. A critical study of case series reveals that occult silent pseudoarthrosis is the commonest cause of this loss. It is suggested that the use of corrective roentgenography is a valuable aid in the diagnosis of these lesions. PMID- 7118479 TI - Jaundice following the Whipple operation for cancer of the head of the pancreas. PMID- 7118481 TI - Pyelonephritis in pregnancy: its role in the production of maternal infective calculi and infantile pyelonephritis. AB - A review of 910 cases is presented, with regard to the late consequences of pyelonephritis in pregnancy affecting both the mother and the child. Late recurrences of pyelonephritis in the mother and pyelonephritis in the child have been likewise registered. According to statistical figures, pyelonephritis in pregnancy greatly increases the hazard of calculus formation. The necessity for a long-term follow-up of mother and child after pyelonephritis in pregnancy is stressed. The significance of the measures to be taken in case of asymptomatic bacteriuria is pointed out. PMID- 7118483 TI - Reiter's syndrome. PMID- 7118480 TI - Congenital arteriovenous renal fistula. PMID- 7118482 TI - Fibrin pyelotomy for the removal of multiple renal calculi. PMID- 7118484 TI - Aortic aneurysm in urology. AB - Aortic aneurysms may mimick typical urologic syndromes. Aneurysmal rupture calls for an immediate angiosurgical intervention. Surgical mortality amounts to approximately 50 per cent. Surgery for aneurysms in a symptomfree state, while rupture is still absent, is of definite benefit to the survival rate. This consideration if crucial to the therapy of aneurysms, whether detected as an incidental finding or identical as the cause of a urological syndrome. PMID- 7118485 TI - Structure and architecture of the prostatic capsule. AB - The histological structure and the architectural arrangement of the tissues comprising the capsule of the prostate gland have been studied by a combination of observations at operations on the prostate gland and histological sections of the capsule obtained at autopsies and during operations on the prostate gland. The study reveals that the fibromuscular tissue of the prostatic capsule has a definite and not haphazard arrangement. The practical application of this finding in relation to surgical approaches to the prostate gland is discussed. PMID- 7118487 TI - Ultrasonic scanning in the evaluation of scrotal swellings. AB - Typical ultrasonic images of normal testes, hydrocele and cysts of the epididymis, tumors and inflammatory diseases of the testis and epididymis, and injuries of the scrotal organs obtained in the study of 137 patients are presented. The method is simple, harmless and informative. Grey scale scanning was carried out using a water bath, which gives more complete data on the structure of the testis and its epididymis as compared to routine B-mode scanning. Ultrasonography is a reliable aid to the urologist in the diagnosis of scrotal swellings. PMID- 7118486 TI - A contribution to the pathology and clinical features of granulomatous prostatitis. AB - Two cases of granulomatous prostatitis are reported. The essential pathological and clinical features of the syndrome are discussed. It is emphasized that in case of enlargement and induration of the prostate and fusion of the organ with adjacent structures, differentiation of granulomatous prostatitis from prostatic cancer is not possible without biopsy. PMID- 7118488 TI - Acute abdomen masquerading as acute retention. AB - Urologists should remain constantly alert for patients with acute abdominal emergencies who may be admitted under their care with the erroneous diagnosis of acute retention. These cases are not uncommon. The patients may be suffering from suppression of urine, or their inability to pass urine may be the predominant symptom of their intra-abdominal catastrophe. When catheterization has yielded only a small amount of concentrated urine and has failed to relieve the patient's discomfort, think of an acute abdomen, investigate this possibility and treat the patient accordingly. PMID- 7118489 TI - Middle molecular substances in acute renal failure. AB - The changes of middle molecular substances (MMS) in a group of 13 patients with acute renal failure of various origin were determined by gel filtration on Sephadex G 15. The concentrations of plasma middle molecular substances increased rapidly during the oliguric phase and decreased during the diuretic phase of acute renal failure. However, it was significantly higher than in the controls. The concentration of MMS in the convalescent phase was still increased. In the oliguric phase of acute renal failure, before and 4 hours after haemodialysis a direct dependence was found between fraction 5 and serum urea. In the oliguric phase, this occurred between fraction 6 and serum urea. In the diuretic phase a direct dependence was demonstrated between fraction 4 and serum urea, as well as serum creatinine. It was found that MMS are contributing to the development of uraemic syndrome in acute renal failure. PMID- 7118490 TI - Humoral immunity to streptococcal antigen in acute and chronic glomerulonephritis. AB - A study was carried out to verify the clinical usefulness of the elaborated method for the measurement of antistreptococcal antibody in revealing the streptococcal etiology of glomerulonephritis. In 158 patients with glomerulonephritis antistreptococcal antibody (ASA), circulating immune complexes (CIC) and haemolytic activity of the complement were measured. On the basis of immune complex formation it has been concluded that streptococcal infection may cause glomerulonephritis. Serial determinations of ASA and CIC are helpful in establishing the streptococcal etiology of glomerulonephritis and in monitoring the course of the disease. PMID- 7118491 TI - Fibrin deposits in the glomeruli and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) in the blood and urine in some renal diseases. AB - In 115 patients with various glomerular diseases and in 23 with chronic pyelonephritis the comparative incidence of glomerular fibrin deposits, and blood and urinary FDP was studied for evaluation of their clinical value. The results of the study indicate that the determination of urinary FDP is the most reliable clinico-laboratory test for the presence of increased intrarenal haemocoagulation. Moreover, the quantitative assessment of urinary FDP could be also used as an index for estimating the activity of the pathological process, the selectivity of proteinuria, the need for anticoagulant therapy, and the prognosis of the disease. PMID- 7118492 TI - The differential approach in the treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis. AB - The comparative effects of corticosteroids, immunosuppressive agents, antiinflammatory drugs and anticoagulants have been studied in the different pathomorphologic types of chronic glomerulonephritis in a total of 185 patients with successful renal biopsy. On the basis of the results a guiding scheme is being proposed for the differential approach in the pathogenetic treatment of different pathomorphologic types of chronic glomerulonephritis with a view to obtaining the best results. PMID- 7118493 TI - Evaluation of ultrasonic scanning in urology in the light of ten years' experience. PMID- 7118494 TI - Study of antibodies to adenoviruses in patients with tumors of the urogenital system. AB - The presumable relationship between viruses and malignant disease has been studied. Approximately 4000 assays for antibodies to adenovirus were carried out with sera of patients with malignant and nonmalignant diseases of the urogenital organs and other organic diseases. The search was directed in the first place at antibodies to the early non-virion antigens of adenovirus-12 of oncogenic properties. On the evidence of the complement fixation reaction antibodies to adenoviruses were found to be less frequent in malignant tumors and in hypertrophy of the prostate than in the control group. Antibody to the non-virion antigen of adenoviruses was found in 53 per cent of patients with neoplastic diseases and prostatic hypertrophy, in 18 per cent of patients with urogenital diseases other than tumors and in 4 per cent of those with other organic diseases. The results point to a possible role of adenoviruses in tumors of the urogenital organs. PMID- 7118495 TI - Parenchyma-saving marginopolar wedge resection. PMID- 7118498 TI - Postoperative epididymitis after bladder surgery without vasectomy. AB - In 362 cases bladder operations were performed without previous vasectomy. The incidence of postoperative epididymitis was 15.4 per cent after transvesical prostatectomy, 3.5 per cent after suprapubic section, and 1.6 per cent after transurethral prostatectomy. The incidence was twice as high in case of diabetes and previous bilateral epididymitis, as in the other cases. The incidence of postoperative epididymitis was slightly increased in patients who 1. had not been catheterized before hospitalization; 2. had residual urines over 90 ml; 3. had been free from pyuria before surgery. The prevalent pathogens in case of epididymitis included coagulase-negative staphylococci, Ps. aeruginosa and Enterobacter. Involvement of E. coli, Proteus and Pseudomonas was confined to highly resistant strains. PMID- 7118497 TI - Ureterosigmoidostomy. PMID- 7118496 TI - Ureterocystoplasty for megaureter: a technique practicable in bladder wall fibrosis. AB - The cause of megaureter (hydroureter) is inadequacy of the ureterovesical junction. The only possible means of its therapy consists in a surgical reconstruction of the ureterovesical junction. A technical modification of ureterocystoplasty for megaureter, having been employed since 1976, is described. It basically consists in the construction of a tunnel from the ureter within the bladder, the ureter being sutured to the wall of the bladder only loosely. In 150 children 182 ureteroneocystoplastic operations were done. As confirmed by the postoperative course, as well as by the results of the follow-up studies, the technique may be used with benefit even in case of infection, impaired renal function or bladder wall fibrosis. PMID- 7118499 TI - Qualitative and quantitative diagnosis of reflux by videocystometry. PMID- 7118500 TI - Postoperative complications of prostatectomy. PMID- 7118501 TI - The place of testicular biopsy in andrology. PMID- 7118503 TI - Development of ornithine ketoacid aminotransferase in rabbit ocular tissues and liver. AB - Ornithine ketoacid aminotransferase in ocular tissues and liver was examined biochemically during the development of the rabbit. Developmental differences of specific enzyme activities were found between the ocular tissues and liver. The retina and choroid showed a relatively low activity after birth and an increased activity at 2.5 weeks, which remained high thereafter. The ciliary body and iris also showed a relatively low activity at birth and a rapid increase at 1 week, which remained so for about 14 weeks before a gradual decrease occurred. The enzyme in the liver exhibited a high activity at birth, which fell 1 week later. This was followed by a subsequent increase in enzyme activity that began at 7.5 weeks after birth. Enzyme activity peaked at 10 weeks, with a gradual diminution thereafter. PMID- 7118502 TI - Visual pigment and visual receptor cells in fetal and adult sheep. AB - The visual pigments, and the structure of the visual cells, were investigated by spectrophotometry and by light and electron microscopy in fetal and adult sheep. The rhodopsin system in adult sheep closely resembles that of cattle. The absorbance maxima of rhodopsin, lumirhodopsin, and metarhodopsin I are at 498, 490, and 480 nm, respectively. The estimated molar absorbance coefficient at the wavelength of maximum absorption of rhodopsin is 40,000M-1 . cm-1. Rhodopsin was detected from a fetal age of 85 days (term at 145 days). Partial bleaching of extracts from fetal eyes (95, 105, and 115 days) did not demonstrate cone pigments, although cones were present in fair numbers at a fetal age of about 105 days. The time course of rhodopsin formation between 85 and 140 days resembles a growth curve. The amount of rhodopsin shortly before birth (140 days) is about 0.6 times that in the adult. The number and dimensions of rod outer segments as well as packing of the discs were studied structurally and related to the rhodopsin content. A fairly good correlation was found at the earliest stages (95 and 105 days gestation age), when rhodopsin concentration was very low and rod outer segments were few and small, as well as at the latest stage (140 days). At 115 days the rhodopsin content observed by spectrophotometry was less than that indicated by the outer segment volume, probably mainly due to the outer segment discs and possibly to the rhodopsin molecules being less tightly packed than at 140 days. PMID- 7118504 TI - In situ kinetics of glucose transport across the blood-retinal barrier in normal rats and rats with streptozocin-induced diabetes. AB - Glucose transport across the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) was investigated in situ by means of a modification of the single-injection technique developed for studying transport across the blood-brain barrier. A retinal uptake index was calculated from the fractional extraction for 14C-glucose divided by the fractional extraction for the 3H2O reference. The use of the Eadie-Hofstee transformation to determine the Km of carrier-mediated transport revealed at least two transport systems for the unidirectional glucose flux across the BRB. Control data showed a relatively high-affinity system with a Km of 0.24 mM and a lower affinity system with a Km of 7.81 mM. Both these transport systems have been shown to be sensitive to phloretin but not to phloridzin or acetazolamide. It has also been shown that glucose transport is uneffected by Na+ or K+ concentrations but that calcium does have a significant effect on the lower affinity transport system for glucose. We have also demonstrated that the Km values of both transport systems are significantly increased by 2 months of streptozocin-induced diabetes. PMID- 7118505 TI - Binding sites for immunoglobulin G in rabbit ciliary processes. AB - This article demonstrates the presence of selective binding activity for the Fc fragment of IgG on the ciliary processes of rabbit eye. Other parts of the eye, including the cornea, iris, choroid, and retina, were negative for such activity. Binding activity was demonstrated in vitro by the specific adherence of IgG coated sheep red blood cells (IgGEA) to the ciliary processes in frozen sections of whole rabbit eye. IgGEA binding was specifically blocked by IgG but not by albumin or the F(ab')2 fragment of IgG. The data suggest that the ciliary processes, like the choroid plexus and the renal interstitium, have intrinsic binding activity for Fc IgG, which might be involved in the local entrapment of immune components present either in the circulation or in the aqueous humor. PMID- 7118507 TI - Intraocular granuloma: a Schistosoma mansoni model of ocular inflammation. AB - An experimental uveitis model was developed in New Zealand rabbits by an intraocular injection of Schistosoma mansoni eggs. An inflammatory response was clinically apparent after 5 days and histologically was characterized by an eosinophilic infiltrate into the vitreous and choroid. The chorioretinitis that developed resulted in the disruption of the photoreceptor layer. After 30 days, eggs were enveloped by a granulomatous host response similar to that observed in animals infected systemically with Schistosoma mansoni. Reduction (immunomodulation) of granuloma size and cellularity compared with controls was observed in paraffin sections of eyes challenged (100 eggs) 4 weeks after a priming injection (500 eggs) in the contralateral eye. The granulomatous response was not evident when heat-killed eggs were injected intraocularly. Extracts made from viable eggs also induced an intense vitreous infiltrate 12 hr after injection. Serum collected from rabbits injected with 500 or more eggs showed antibody (7s) reactivity for 125I-labeled bovine S antigen, as demonstrated by immunoprecipitation with Staphylococcus aureus (Pansorbin). This model is useful for analyzing immunologic parameters involved in ocular granulomatous and parasitic diseases, humoral and cellular responses mediating autosensitization to retinal or other ocular antigens, and possible for screening chemotherapeutic agents for immunomodulation of potentially injurious host inflammatory responses. PMID- 7118506 TI - Human trabecular cells. II. Growth pattern and ultrastructural characteristics. AB - The morphologic features of third-passage human trabecular cells were examined in multiple experiments by light and electron microscopy. Evaluation of the cellular growth pattern, fibronectin immunofluorescence, and specific ultrastructural features have helped to establish the identity of the trabecular cell type. Comparison of the cultured trabecular cells with cultured keratocytes and scleral fibrocytes grown under identical conditions emphasized the specialized morphologic features of trabecular cells in vitro. The characteristics of trabecular cells in vitro closely resemble those described for trabecular cells in vivo, including the presence of similar cell surface features and cell junctions, cytoplasmic organelle composition, and nuclear chromatin pattern. Since many of the differentiated features of the trabecular cells are retained after passage in culture, it is possible that study of these cells will provide a means to understand the biochemical and morphologic properties of this important cell type. PMID- 7118508 TI - Spectral sensitivity and color discrimination changes in glaucoma and glaucoma suspect patients. AB - Color vision changes may occur early in the course of glaucoma and may precede visual field loss. Glaucoma suspects, having raised intraocular pressure and no diagnostic optic nerve head or visual field changes, may also have color vision loss. Unfortunately, the instruments used in the studies that have demonstrated these color vision changes were not feasible for routine clinical use; likewise, the studies did not carefully control for the effects of small pupil size and age or did not point to the underlying mechanisms responsible. We studied 19 glaucoma patients, 19 glaucoma suspects, and age-matched controls for each group by means of the Farnsworth D-15 panel test, a desaturated version of the D-15 test, and by measures of spectral increment threshold. Minor modifications of the Farnsworth D 15 panel test produce highly significant differentiation of glaucoma and glaucoma suspect patients from age-matched normal groups. Further, spectral increment thresholds, with a two-degree spectral target flashed at either 1 or 25 Hz on a bright white background, show that both achromatic and chromatic sensitivity are significantly reduced when compared with their age-matched normals. Pupil size does not seem to be a significant factor. These results suggest that the function of two different ganglion cell populations is affected in glaucoma and that glaucoma may produce functional loss in the central foveal area earlier in the disease process than previously believed. PMID- 7118509 TI - Lectin-mediated attachment of liposomes to cornea: influence on transcorneal drug flux. AB - A method to enhance retention of drug-bearing liposomes at the corneal surface under conditions of tear flow was investigated. Mixed brain gangliosides were incorporated into the membranes of phosphatidyl choline liposomes to provide receptor sites for wheat germ agglutinin, a plant lectin that binds strongly to both human and rabbit corneal epithelium. Ganglioside-containing liposomes showed a 2.5-fold increase in their binding to rabbit cornea in vitro when corneas were pretreated with wheat germ agglutinin (500 micrograms/ml), suggesting that the lectin mediates specific binding of these liposomes to the corneal surface. In addition, under conditions of continuous tear flow (1 ml/hr), ganglioside containing liposomes with entrapped carbachol significantly enhanced carbachol flux across isolated rabbit corneas pretreated with wheat germ agglutinin 90 min after drug delivery. The data support the potential use of liposomes as a vehicle for topical drug flux enhancement. PMID- 7118510 TI - Preferential looking acuity obtained with a staircase procedure in pediatric patients. AB - Visual acuity of infants and young children with ophthalmologic disorders was assessed by adapting a transformed up-down staircase to preferential looking (PL) procedures. Eighty-five percent of pediatric patients between 11 days and 5 years of age were tested successfully. Acuity of infants and young children with normal eyes obtained by the PL staircase procedure agreed well with acuities obtained previously by the method of constant stimuli. In children with anisometropia, differences in acuity between eyes varied systematically with the amount of anisometropia. Monocular acuities of untreated patients with strabismus did not always agree with fixation preference. In general, test results from pediatric patients with structural ocular abnormalities were consistent with the severity of the disorder. By means of serial measurement of PL acuity, the therapy of patients with amblyopia was monitored. In our young patients, anisometropic amblyopia affected grating acuity differently than did strabismic amblyopia, as others have reported in older patients with these conditions. Our results indicate that the PL staircase procedure provides a useful measure of visual acuity in pediatric ocular disorders that can complement the clinical evaluation of infants and young children. PMID- 7118511 TI - Intravenous angiocardiography using digital image processing: I. Experience with axial projections in normal pigs. AB - Computerized digitization and processing of roentgen video images was performed in four-chamber-view intravenous angiocardiography in normal pigs. Significant contrast enhancement was obtained through electrocardiogram-gated background subtraction and rescaling after integration of multiple background and contrast images. Histogram equalization and time parameter extraction or functional imaging was also used. The left and right heart were well visualized after intravenous injection of 0.5-1 ml Urografin-76% per kg of body weight. Image processing of left and right ventricular end diastolic and end systolic frames was performed as well as subtraction of right and left end systolic from end diastolic frames and subtraction of right from left heart frames. If left ventricular end systolic images were subtracted from end diastolic images, the left ventricle was seen without continuity with the left atrium. Through time interval difference processing, left ventricular wall motion per time unit could be studied. The results were the basis for subsequent experiments concerning detection of septal defects in pigs as well as clinical studies. PMID- 7118512 TI - Experimental pulmonary infarction in dogs: a comparison of chest radiography and computed tomography. AB - Transcatheter electrocoagulation of the pulmonary artery was used to successfully create experimental pulmonary infarcts in 15 to 16 dogs. The animals were evaluated from one to 13 weeks by chest radiography, computed tomography (CT), angiography, and pathologic examination. The abnormal densities in the dogs' lungs cleared in two to three weeks. The majority of the chest radiographs were normal in two weeks, and all were normal after three weeks. Prior to sacrifice, CT showed abnormal densities in the lungs in only two of eight animals. CT proved to be more sensitive than chest radiography for showing the densities in the lungs due to pulmonary infarction. PMID- 7118514 TI - Detection of experimental arterial defects by portable and serial biplanar operative arteriography. AB - The accuracy of arteriography in detecting vascular defects similar to those encountered during vascular surgery was evaluated experimentally. Intimal flaps, thrombi, and strictures were created in dog aortas and studied under circumstances resembling operating room conditions by single-view portable and serial biplanar contrast arteriography. The specificity of both types of arteriography was comparable and high for detecting vascular defects. The sensitivity for diagnosing strictures was also comparable and high. However, both radiographic techniques were relatively insensitive in the detection of small intimal flaps and thrombi. In the detection of these two types of defects, serial biplanar arteriography was significantly more sensitive than portable arteriography. The degree of the superiority of serial bi-plane and the possible clinical insignificance of small defects indicates that portable arteriography in the operating room may still be an adequate methodology. PMID- 7118513 TI - Pulmonary blood volume: the response to afterload in normal subjects and patients with previous myocardial infarction. AB - To analyze the effects of acute elevations in arterial blood pressure on pulmonary blood volume (PBV) and left ventricular function, eight normal controls and ten patients with previous myocardial infarctions were studied using equilibrium radionuclide angiography during the infusion of phenylephrine. Radionuclide estimates of PBV did not change significantly in the control subjects (48 +/- 20 units at rest, 53 +/- 28 units after administration of atropine, and 47 +/- 20 units at the peak elevation of pressure), though cardiac output rose and pulmonary transit time declined (P less than .05). In infarct patients, resting PBV was similar to that of normals at rest (44 +/- 12 vs. 48 +/ 20, p = not significant). However, it rose significantly at the peak elevation of arterial pressure (55 +/- 12 units, P less than .05 vs. control). Transit time was greater in the patients at rest (22 +/- 15 units vs. 14 +/- 7 units in controls, P less than .01), and, unlike transit time of normals, did not decline with pressure overhead. At any level of afterload-induced increases in end diastolic volume or decreases in ejection fraction, PBV was greater in the patients than in normals. This suggests that, while the absolute response of cardiac volume and ejection fraction to pressure overload may be quantitatively similar in normals and infarct patients, This is not mirrored by changes in PBV and transit time. In all likelihood, elevations in cardiac filling pressures and pulmonary distending pressures occur in the infarct patients. Increases in PBV may be a noninvasive reflection of both the development of incipient congestive heart failure and reduced myocardial compliance in infarct patients. In this way, pressure overload stress may be a useful technique to prospectively categorize patient populations subject to higher incidences of congestive failure. PMID- 7118515 TI - Relationship of pressure and flow to arterial diameter. AB - The effects of manipulations of blood pressure and flow on the diameter of the femoral artery in dogs were studied. Diameter measurements were made utilizing real time ultrasound scanning. Although diameter of a flexible tube in a mechanical system varies with internal pressure, in the intact femoral artery the diameter varied with changes in blood flow rate rather than pressure. Increase in blood flow rate resulted in increase in vessel diameter, whether the pressure changed or remained the same. Decrease in blood flow rate resulted in decrease in diameter, irrespective of the pressure. However, when a segment of the femoral artery was isolated from the femoral artery by interposition between plastic tubes, the diameter of the isolated segment no longer increased when flow increased. These findings suggest that arterial diameter is regulated by a conducting mechanism that depends on vascular continuity. PMID- 7118517 TI - Effects of low osmolality contrast materials on coronary hemodynamics, myocardial function, and coronary sinus osmolality in normal and ischemic states. AB - The effects of intracoronary administration of contrast materials on regional and global left ventricular (LV) function and coronary sinus osmolality were assessed in six anesthetized dogs with segmental myocardial ischemia produced by critical stenosis of the circumflex coronary artery. Effects caused by Renografin (sodium meglumine diatrizoate), two new low osmolality contrast agents (Hexabrix and Hexabrix with added calcium ions), and metrizamide were evaluated. In a nonischemic state, Renografin produced an early (0-10 seconds) decrease in LV contractility followed by a late (10-20 seconds) rebound augmentation in contractility. In the presence of regional ischemia, there are prolongation of the depression of the myocardial contractile state. The monoacid dimer, Hexabrix, demonstrated a similar biphasic response, although the initial depression of myocardial contractility was significantly less than that observed with Renografin. Hexabrix with added calcium ions and metrizamide produced only augmentation in global and regional parameters of LV contractile function. This lack of depressant effects was also observed in the ischemic state. Renografin caused a significantly greater increase in coronary sinus osmolality (Tp) as compared with Hexabrix, Hexabrix-Ca++, and metrizamide. The increases in osmolality in response to the latter three contrast agents were statistically indistinguishable. PMID- 7118516 TI - Neurotoxic effects of water-soluble contrast agents on rat hippocampus: extracellular recordings. AB - Synaptically evoked extracellular field potentials were obtained from the pyramidal cell layer of the Cal field of rat hippocampus slices. Synaptic activity was evoked by Schaffer's collateral stimulation. The effects of the water-soluble contrast agents Na-diatrizoate and metrizamide, as well as control solutions of NaCl and sucrose, were studied. Test solutions were 300-345 mOsm and had iodine concentrations of 3-30 mg I/ml. The effects of test solutions are apparent within 10 minutes and reversible within 30-45 minutes. Control recordings have a small positive potential, followed by a large negative spike and a final slow positive wave. Contrast agents have two effects. The first is an epileptogenic property characterized by repetitive negative spikes arising from an extended slow positive field. The second effect is a depression characterized by a reduction in the amplitude of the synaptically evoked fields, particularly the negative spikes. Na-diatrizoate predominately produces the first effect, while metrizamide principally produces the second. Hyperosmolar solutions only produce depression. These results correlate well with the clinical setting where Na-diatrizoate is a potent convulsant, while metrizamide produces symptoms compatible with neuronal depression. These results indicate that contrast agent seizure activity is not due to hyperosmolarity but to a more direct chemical effect. The depression, however, may be related to a hyperosmolar effect. PMID- 7118518 TI - Comparative effects of ionic anc nonionic contrast materials on coronary and peripheral blood flow. AB - Contrast materials may alter coronary blood flow (CBF) by a direct vasodilating action or indirectly by changing determinants of myocardial oxygen requirements (MVO2). The current study compared the vasodilatory actions of ionic (Renografin 76, R76) and nonionic contrast materials (iohexol and metrizamide) after direct injection into the coronary and femoral circulation of anesthetized dogs. R76 did not cause a significantly greater increase in CBF compared with nonionic materials in spite of causing significantly greater increases in osmolality of blood in the coronary sinus. Concomitant with the peak increase in CBF, the ionic materials caused sharp decrease in peak left ventricular (LV) systolic pressure and dp/dt, while the nonionic materials increased these major determinants of MVO2. In contradistinction to the effects on CBF, ionic contrast material caused substantially and significantly greater increase in femoral blood flow, compared with the nonionic materials. In conclusion, these studies infer that the increase in CBF with contrast materials involves both indirect vascular and metabolic actions, while the increase in FBF is due to a direct vascular action. PMID- 7118519 TI - In vitro effects of iodinated contrast media on the growth of staphylococci. AB - Seven commonly used arthrographic contrast media were examined in vitro for bactericidal effects against Staphylococcus aureus under various conditions simulating clinical settings, using a wide range of bacterial populations (10(1) to 10(8) colony-forming units per ml). The media tested were: sodium diatrizoate and megulumine diatrizoate (E.R. Squibb and Sons, Renogragin-60 and Renografin 76), megulumine diatrizoate (E. R. Squibb and Sons, Renografin-M-60), sodium iothalamate and megulumine iothalamate (Mallinckrodt Chemical Works, Vascoray), sodium iothalamate (Mallinckrodt Chemical Works, Conray 400), meglumine iothalamate (Mallinckrodt Chemical Works, Conray 60), and sodium diatrizoate (Winthrop Laboratories, Hypaque sodium 50%). Effects secondary to the contrast medium used, dilution ratios of the specimens, and time elapsed between the collection and cultivation of the specimens were examined. The contrast material used was found to affect bacterial growth: the Renografin materials showed a bactericidal or bacteriostatic effect, while Vascoray, the Conray materials, and Hypaque sodium 50% failed to inhibit bacterial growth. Bacterial inoculum size exhibited a direct bearing on the bactericidal or bacteriostatic effects of the Renografin but had no effect with the other media. The results indicate that Vascoray, Conray and Hypaque sodium 50% are superior to the Renografin materials for use in arthrography and other procedures in which the aspirate is submitted for microbial culture, because they interfere less with the recovery of these microorganisms. PMID- 7118521 TI - The genome of Turlock virus consists of three RNA segments. PMID- 7118522 TI - Generalized penicillin epilepsy in the cat and the brain uptake of carbamazepine. PMID- 7118520 TI - Filoviridae: a taxonomic home for Marburg and Ebola viruses? PMID- 7118524 TI - Failure of the prednisolone test in neuromuscular disorders. PMID- 7118523 TI - Assessment of autonomic disturbances in multiple sclerosis by measurement of heart rate responses to deep breathing and to standing. PMID- 7118525 TI - Isolated accessory nerve palsy. Case report. PMID- 7118526 TI - Epileptic seizures and lipoma of the corpus callosum. PMID- 7118527 TI - Association of cardiomyopathy with Kugelberg-Welander disease. PMID- 7118528 TI - Primary non-Hodgkin malignant lymphoma (NHML) of the CNS. A case of radiological and clinical remission. PMID- 7118529 TI - Trazodone symptomatic extrapyramidal disorders of infancy and childhood. PMID- 7118530 TI - Diagnosis of acromegaly on cranial computed tomography. AB - The characteristic features of acromegaly as demonstrated on cranial computed tomography (CT) are described. These features relate to the increased soft tissue bulk and overpneumatization of sinuses and air cells, as well as the generalized bony overgrowth associated with high growth hormone (GH) levels. In the assessment of these features, the computer window settings must be adjusted accordingly for separate visualization of soft tissues, calvarial bones and cerebral tissue on the scan images. We found positive features in CT scans of 13 patients with established acromegaly and were able to suggest the diagnosis prospectively in 2 additional cases. The finding of an enlarged pituitary fossa should lead the radiologist to search carefully for the ancillary signs of acromegaly on the scans, thus confirming the diagnosis. When an enlarged sella turcica or an enhancing intrasellar mass is not demonstrated, the recognition of the other features on cranial CT scans may be important in suggesting the diagnosis of acromegaly to the clinician. PMID- 7118531 TI - Cancer incidence in kibbutzim in Israel. AB - The incidence of cancer among the Jewish members of 43 collective settlements (kibbutzim) in the Beisan and Jezreel Valleys is reviewed. These settlements, apart from their geographical distribution, may be taken as a representative sample of the kibbutzim throughout Israel. This review covers the period 1960-72, during which 415 malignant tumors were diagnosed in a population experiencing 253,232 person-years of risk. The incidence was compared with that of the Jewish population in Israel as a whole, and the result was used as an approximation of the country's urban/kibbutz ratio. Cancers of the lip, malignant melanomas and cancer of the female breast were more common in the kibbutz population. Malignancies of the respiratory tract were less common among males living on kibbutzim than in the total Jewish male population of Israel. These differences are probably related to social and environmental factors. PMID- 7118532 TI - Diagnostic value of distended urinary bladder pyelography in adults. AB - Intravenous pyelography carried out with a previously distended bladder in order to produce partial urinary flow obstruction offers superior delineation of the pelvi-caliceal system and ureters. Often, these structures are visible in their entirety on a single film. In 100 adult patients of both sexes who had undergone conventional i.v. pyelography, a second examination was carried out without external compression, after preliminary distension of the urinary bladder (DUB). DUB was achieved by three different methods. In 25 patients the urinary bladder was distended by retrograde instillation of saline. Another 25 patients retained their overnight urine and 50 others retained their urine following a water load of 1,000 ml. Best results were obtained in patients examined by the retrograde and water-load methods. The vast majority of examinations in these groups were of superior quality compared with that obtained by the routine technique. Pyelography with a distended bladder proved to be a valuable diagnostic adjunct in all instances in which application of external compression is undesirable, particularly in cases of trauma. PMID- 7118533 TI - Idiopathic AL-kiv amyloidosis presenting as giant hepatomegaly. AB - The 11/2-yr course of idiopathic systemic amyloidosis in a 63-yr-old woman was characterized by inanition, subcutaneous ecchymoses and giant hepatomegaly, the liver weighing 8.5 kg at autopsy. Skeletal survey and bone marrow aspirate were normal. The major components of isolated amyloid fibrils were 16,000- and 23,000 dalton proteins. The 16,000-dalton component was shown by amino acid sequencing to be a fragment of the kappa (k)iv light chain, the first such case. These clinicochemical correlations suggest that isolated massive hepatomegaly may prove to be a hallmark of idiopathic amyloid light chain-related protein k amyloidosis. PMID- 7118534 TI - Fever in multiple myeloma. AB - Tumor-associated fever is a rare manifestation of multiple myeloma (MM). Two patients with MM are described, in whom this disease was associated with a fulminant course and resistance to therapy. The patients had none of the currently recognized "poor prognostic factors" of MM. Thus it is suggested that tumor-associated fever should be considered to be an indicator of poor prognosis in MM. PMID- 7118535 TI - Fecal hydrogen production in vitro: effects of oxygen and storage. PMID- 7118536 TI - Diet-induced thermogenesis visualized by thermography. PMID- 7118537 TI - Successful surgical treatment of a ruptured right ventricle. PMID- 7118538 TI - In vitro assessment of immune function in adrenalectomized rats. AB - Spleen and lymph node cells from normal or adrenalectomized (Adx) rats were assessed for a variety of in vitro immunological measures, including mitogen responsiveness, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and natural killer (NK) cell activity. Proliferation in response to mitogens was evaluated with or without 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) in the culture media. Compared to spleen cells from normal rats, those from Adx rats demonstrated enhanced responsiveness to all mitogens tested. 2-ME increased proliferation of spleen cells from both normal and Adx rats, and the effect was additive to that of adrenalectomy. In contrast, lymph node cells from Adx rats manifested decreased mitogenic responsiveness compared to those of control rats and, with the addition of 2-ME, this difference disappeared for one of the mitogens tested (phytohemagglutinin). Compared to unoperated rats, ADCC and NK activities were significantly decreased in both the spleen and lymph nodes of the Adx rats. Alteration of normal leukocyte circulatory and homing patterns are suggested as a likely means by which adrenalectomy produces differential effects on lymphoid cells in various organs of the immune system. PMID- 7118539 TI - Pre-school developmental screening--the results of a four year period. PMID- 7118540 TI - The elderly patient in the acute hospital sector. PMID- 7118541 TI - Breast cancer in Scotland. PMID- 7118543 TI - New developments in health care. PMID- 7118542 TI - Women's labour and postnatal experiences in a large maternity hospital. PMID- 7118544 TI - Methods of control for hospital quality assurance systems. AB - The major failure of hospital quality assurance systems is the failure to influence physicians' therapeutic decision making in a way that will ensure their ordering necessary and only necessary services. The primary reason for this is insufficient recognition of the "intensive" technology used to treat acute patients, a technology characterized by the interdependence of therapeutic services and the patient's response to these services. In such situations, the appropriate method of achieving quality control is to provide performance feedback to the physician on a regular basis. To the extent that there is uncertainty about the impact of therapeutic services on the patient's response, the physician should be allowed discretion over the therapeutic process. In contrast, when process-outcome relations in the therapeutic process are relatively certain, feedback should be reinforced with sanctions. PMID- 7118545 TI - Quality assurance as a managerial innovation: a research perspective. AB - Quality assurance is defined and concepts from innovation theory are applied to the study of quality assurance programs. Two distinct although not mutually exclusive perspectives on innovation are considered--the diffusion perspective, focusing on the innovation itself and its implementation, and the adoption perspective, highlighting factors characteristic of the adoption unit (i.e., the organization or individuals within it) that facilitate or impede the adoption process. Directions for future research are suggested. PMID- 7118546 TI - Manifestations and management of laryngoceles. AB - Six cases of laryngocele are reported including 2 bilateral, external laryngoceles, 1 internal laryngocele associated with amyloidosis, and 3 combined laryngoceles. Laryngoceles occur predominantly in males. Cervical mass and hoarseness were the most common signs and symptoms. Bilateral, external laryngoceles that decompress spontaneously when intralaryngeal air pressure returns to normal were managed conservatively. Combined and internal laryngoceles should be removed surgically through an external, lateral neck approach. This approach is preferable to anterior laryngofissure because it avoids trauma to the anterior commissure and the true vocal cords. In addition, blunting of the anterior commissure and the risk of subglottic stenosis are avoided. PMID- 7118547 TI - Intratumoral BCG therapy of transplanted head and neck tumors in strain 2 guinea pigs. AB - The generally unfavorable prognosis associated with advanced squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck region in humans led us to immunotherapeutic experiments with bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in inbred guinea pigs with solid growing and lymphogenous metastasizing tumors. The injection of live BCG or BCG cell wall preparation (CWP) into the planum buccale in the guinea pig led to a pronounced local inflammatory reaction. If live BCG or BCG CWP were injected into the planum buccale together with line 10 tumor cells, no growth of the tumor could be observed. Animals treated in this manner developed a tumor-specific immunity. Guinea pigs treated intratumorally with live BCG or BCG CWP in established, 6-day-old tumors of the planum buccale showed regression of the primary tumor and prevention of the development of lymph node metastases. These cured animals also developed a tumor-specific immunity. Guinea pigs with 6-day old tumors of the planum buccale remained tumor free after surgical removal of the primary tumor and the draining submandibular and cervical lymph nodes (radical operation) whereas locally operated animals (primary tumor excision) developed lymph node metastases. Animals that were tumor free after radical surgery did not develop tumor-specific immunity. Despite insufficiently clarified mechanisms for the induction and effect of BCG immunotherapy, we can state that, with intratumoral BCG therapy, a tumor experimentally placed in the head and neck region is eliminated, regionally manifest metastases are eliminated, and specific tumor immunity can be demonstrated in successfully treated animals. PMID- 7118548 TI - Radiation therapy for melanomas of the head and neck. AB - This report reviews experience with radiation therapy in 77 patients with melanoma of the head and neck, a lesion traditionally but incorrectly considered to be radiation-resistant. Thirteen patients with lentigo malignum and 18 patients with lentigo malignum melanoma have been primarily irradiated. In 11 of the 13 patients, the lentigo malignum has been locally controlled with no recurrence from 6 months to 5 years following treatment. One patient had a local recurrence and was salvaged with further radiation therapy, and one patient had residual tumor after irradiation and was salvaged with simple excision. Seventeen of 18 patients primarily irradiated had lentigo malignum melanomas that have been locally controlled from 6 months to 6 years after irradiation. One patient had a local recurrence and was salvaged by excisional surgery. There have been no deaths from lentigenous melanoma, and the cosmetic results of treatment are excellent. We concluded that radiation therapy is a simple, effective out-patient treatment for lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma. Nonlentigenous melanoma was irradiated after incisional biopsy in 6 patients; local control was obtained in 4 patients although 1 died of distant metastases. Fifteen patients were irradiated after excisional biopsy (margins inadequate); 14 of 15 had local control although 6 died of metastases. Only 2 of 16 patients irradiated for recurrent melanoma were controlled. Analysis of local control versus irradiation fraction size revealed that 17/24 (71%) achieved local control with a dose per fraction of greater than 400 rad as compared with 3 of 12 (25%) in those being irradiated with a dose of less than 400 rad per fraction. We concluded that nonlentigenous melanoma is not radiation resistant and that local excision followed by radiation therapy with a large dose per fraction deserves further study, particularly in melanomas of the head and neck where wide local excision is not possible due to age of the patient or location of the tumor. Nine mucosal melanomas have primarily irradiated and four have been locally controlled. PMID- 7118549 TI - Management of inadvertent injury to the carotid artery during head and neck surgery. AB - Rare, inadvertent injury to the carotid artery during head and neck surgery may result in disastrous neurologic sequelae or even death. Several cases are presented and used as the stimulus for an analytical discussion of the pathogenesis and management of cerebrovascular complications following head and neck surgery. The major pathogenetic mechanisms are identified as (1) microembolism from an ulcerated plaque; (2) intravascular thrombus with occlusion; (3) unintentional ligation, laceration, or transection; (4) ligation of a dominant external carotid; and (5) transient reduction in cerebrovascular perfusion pressure. Methods for identifying and evaluating the patient at risk for developing cerebrovascular complications are discussed and recommendations are made. The central question in the management of inadvertent arterial injury concerns whether to ligate the vessel or to restore blood flow. The controversies surrounding this issue are discussed in perspective through an analysis of current physiological concepts and of the collective clinical experiences of head and neck, vascular, and neurological surgeons handling extracranial cerebrovascular occlusive disease, penetrating injuries to the carotid artery, and tumor-related carotid catastrophes. Several factors are considered critical in determining appropriate management of any individual case; these include (1) whether recognition of the injury occurs intraoperatively or postoperatively; (2) the presence and severity of neurological deficits; (3) time from the injury to its recognition; (4) a quantitative assessment of collateral circulation; (5) a history of wound contamination or radiation therapy; (6) overall prognosis. These and other considerations are organized into a working framework through which the otolaryngologist and head and neck surgeon can better understand and manage the problem of inadvertent injury to the carotid artery. PMID- 7118550 TI - Paranasal sinus radiology, Part 2A: Ethmoidal sinuses. AB - The clinician must have a high level of suspicion in order to detect ethmoidal sinus disease. Survey plain film radiographic examination may provide information about gross changes in ethmoidal sinus transparency and the sinus walls. Conventional tomographic study will often aid evaluation of the ethmoidal sinus walls which may be obscured by overlying structures on plain films. Computerized tomography adds a new dimension to ethmoidal sinus study. By revealing not only bone changes but soft-tissue abnormality as well, more complete understanding of the disease process is gained. Computerized tomography is particularly useful in evaluating orbital structural change due to ethmoidal sinus abnormality PMID- 7118551 TI - The newer microsurgical techniques in neurosurgery. AB - The application of microsurgical techniques to neurological surgery has changed the treatment of several important neurological and neurosurgical diseases. Microsurgical decompression of the 5th and 7th nerves for trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm has become established as an accepted and effective technique. Application of the newer microvascular techniques in neurological surgery has increased the number of patients for whom surgical correction is possible and has, additionally, revolutionized the treatment of giant intracerebral aneurysms. PMID- 7118552 TI - Diagnosis of carotid body tumors by dynamic computerized tomography. AB - The carotid body tumor, although uncommon, is frequently considered in the differential diagnosis of cervical masses. When this lesion becomes a serious diagnostic possibility, angiography must be considered. Currently angiography is the only nonsurgical modality that can reliably confirm the clinical diagnosis. We describe the case of a patient in whom a carotid body tumor was diagnosed preoperatively by dynamic computerized tomography. Dynamic computerized tomography, a relatively noninvasive technique, should now be deemed the technique of choice for diagnosis of carotid body tumors, thus avoiding the potential morbidity of angiography. In patients for whom tumor removal is indicated, however, preoperative angiography is still mandatory in order to plan the best operative procedure. PMID- 7118553 TI - Acute appendicitis in early childhood. AB - 1728 appendectomies were performed in our institution between the years 1973 and 1978, only 18 of them below the age of 5 years. Acute appendicitis in this age is characterized by a very low incidence (1%); an overwhelming male predominance (8:1), a short history, and a rapid progress of the disease. In 72% perforation of appendix and peritonitis were present at operation. The triad of fever, abdominal pains and vomiting was present in all cases. A high leucocyte count was noted in all cases except one. All patients were operated upon within 16 h of admission. No mortality, a low morbidity and a short hospital stay were recorded. PMID- 7118554 TI - [Gastroesophageal reflux with respiratory manifestations. Manometric and pH metric study]. AB - Gastroesophageal reflux can be found in patients with respiratory tract disease even in the absence of vomiting. A manometric and pH-metric study carried out in 69 children with radiologic reflux (of whom 49 had respiratory symptoms) and 10 normal controls has shown: 1. lower esophageal sphincter pressure was lower in refluxing patients than in controls, but values were significant only for those with vomiting; 2. all parameters of prolonged esophageal pH-metry indicating reflux were very significantly abnormal in the group of respiratory patients who were by this respect very similar to vomiting refluxers; 3. nevertheless, one fourth to one third of these patients were manometrically and pH-metrically normal. These data confirm that there is a relationship between gastroesophageal reflux and bronchopulmonary disease. A widening of the field of antireflux therapy can be predicted for the near future, although a further definition of the indications is necessary. PMID- 7118555 TI - Genetic counselling in holoprosencephaly. AB - According to the etiological factors the various possibilities of genetic counselling in holoprosencephaly are discussed. In each type of holoprosencephaly a chromosomal analysis is indispensable. Prenatal chromosomal examination of subsequent pregnancies is indicated when dealing with a chromosomal aberration. Fetoscopy is useful under certain conditions. In addition, because of possibly associated neural tube defects, alpha 1-fetoprotein should be determined. PMID- 7118556 TI - Maternal and cord blood ferritin. AB - The levels of plasma iron, transferrin saturation and ferritin in cord blood of 64 newborns were found to be elevated relative to the corresponding maternal blood. There was no correlation between the levels of plasma iron, transferrin saturation or ferritin in cord and maternal blood. No correlation was found in cord blood between the hemoglobin levels or red cell indices (MCV, MCH and MCHC) with the levels of ferritin. These results suggest that there is an active process of transfer for iron from mother to the fetus, and this transport is independent of fetal erythropoiesis. PMID- 7118557 TI - [Serum ferritin in children with disorders of iron balance]. AB - Serum ferritin (SF) was determined by an immunoradiometric assay in a heterologous antibody system in 184 children of different ages with and without hematologic or biochemical signs of disturbed iron metabolism. SF levels as determined by this assay were higher than with a homologous antibody system, allowing a reliable discrimination of iron deficiency and overload. In normal children SF increased with age. In latent iron deficiency all SF values were below the normal range, if patients with signs of infections, elevated serum transaminases or parenteral iron therapy were excluded. In anemia of chronic renal failure there was a wider range of values than in controls, especially in children on intermittent hemodialysis. Highest SF values were obtained in polytransfused children with thalassemia. Significant correlations were observed between SF on one hand and Hb, MCV, MCH and serum transferrin saturation on the other hand, except in children with chronic renal failure on conservative treatment. Under hemodialysis there was a significant relation to the number of blood transfusions given. PMID- 7118558 TI - Is there a risk for kidney stone formation in cystic fibrosis? AB - Patients with malabsorption syndromes have an increased risk of kidney stone formation. Those with cystic fibrosis (CF) suffer from extreme forms of steatorrhea, but they are not reported to be prone to kidney stone formation. Risk parameters for renal stone formation were studied in the urine of 43 patients with cystic fibrosis and compared to those of 5 patients with calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis and 21 healthy controls. Patients with CF showed increased urinary concentrations of oxalate, phosphate, xanthine and uric acid, and decreased concentrations of magnesium and citrate, comparable to concentrations found in patients with calcium oxalate stones. However, compared to stone bearing controls the calcium concentration was markedly decreased in the urine of CF patients. Our results suggest that hypocalciuria in CF seems to protect against nephrolithiasis despite the presence of lithogenic factors. Calcium supplementation instituted for clinical reasons may result in an increased risk for kidney stone formation. This risk may be diminished by additional administration of magnesium as well as allopurinol. PMID- 7118559 TI - [Transient neonatal macrocephaly. The differential diagnosis of abnormally fast growing skull in newborn infants]. AB - In a twin baby of low birth weight a transient abnormally increased growth velocity of the head circumference could be observed. Sodium and water retention were recognized as the underlying disturbance responsible for brain edema. This mechanism is one of several possible etiologic factors leading to macrocephaly in early infancy. Pathogenesis, therapy and prophylactic measures are discussed. PMID- 7118560 TI - Prune-belly syndrome: report of three siblings. AB - The "Prune-Belly" syndrome is rare and sporadic. The authors describe three siblings of both sexes with the syndrome. Good results in two of the patients arouse new interest in surgery for this syndrome. The possibility of prenatal diagnosis is discussed. PMID- 7118561 TI - Familial occurrence of congenital diaphragmatic defect in three families. PMID- 7118562 TI - Genotypic frequencies at equilibrium for a multilocus gametophytic incompatibility system. AB - Equations for the genotypic frequencies at equilibrium in two- and kappa-locus incompatibility systems are given on the basis of an equal fertility of all genotypes. The number of alleles may be different at each locus. The results are compared with those of Charlesworth (1979), who used another approach with unequal fertility. PMID- 7118564 TI - Large genetic differences between sibling species of bats, Eptesicus, from Australia. PMID- 7118563 TI - A genetical analysis of diversity and asymmetry in finger ridge counts. AB - The genetics of asymmetry and diversity of finger ridge counts in man has been examined by jointly regressing the individual counts of each hand on to the mean values summed over left and right hands in a sample of twins. The resulting asymmetry terms are largely under environmental control but with a small significant genetic component. The diversity items show a larger degree of genetic control with a suggestion of dominance or additive X additive epistasis. PMID- 7118565 TI - The fine localization of acid phosphatase activity in the unvacuolated notochordal cells of the early chick embryo. AB - The electron microscopical localization of acid phosphatase activity was investigated in ultra-thin and semi-thin sections of unvacuolated notochordal cells of chick embryos from stages 9 to 14 (as defined by Hamburger & Hamilton). At stage 9, many notochordal cells show a lightly positive reaction for acid phosphatase activity. Thereafter, the acid phosphatase-positive cells of the notochord increase in number and, at stage 14, the reaction products for the enzymes are distributed throughout almost all the cisternae of the nuclear envelope and a well-differentiated endoplasmic reticulum, the parallel cisternal and reticular parts of the Golgi complex, and various lysosomes in nearly all notochordal cells. In the cisternae of the nuclear envelope and endoplasmic reticulum, the acid phosphatase reaction products are in a fine granular form. In the outermost layer of the cisternal parts of the Golgi complex, faint lead deposits similar to those in the endoplasmic reticulum are found, but in other cisternal and reticular regions which may correspond to the GERL, considerable amounts of reaction products are present. Knob-like projections are also seen protruding from the reticular parts of the Golgi complex. These results suggest that, at least up to stage 14, the notochordal cells are actively synthesizing acid phosphatase which is directly transported from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex. The enzyme may be accumulated by the Golgi complex from which primary lysosomes are formed. Furthermore, the pattern of the ultrastructural localization of acid phosphatase activity in embryonic notochordal cells of the chick differs from that of adult cells of other animals. PMID- 7118567 TI - A simple and rapid method for osteoclast identification using a histochemical method for acid phosphatase. AB - A detailed description of a simple technique for acid phosphatase demonstration in osteoclast cells is presented. The method is short, relatively uninvolved and allows the use of undecalcified bone sections. All materials and chemicals used are commercially available. The sections were stained histochemically using naphthol AS-B1 phosphoric acid as a substrate and counter stained with Mayer's Haematoxylin. Sections prepared by this method showed good results and enabled accurate measurement of osteoclast counts. PMID- 7118566 TI - Changes in [3H]galactose uptake in human colonic mucosa with carcinoma: an ultrastructural study. AB - As part of our investigation on glycoprotein synthesis in pre-malignant colonic epithelium, changes in the uptake of [3H]galactose were studied at the ultrastructural level. Normal control mucosa from rectal biopsies of patients with no known gastro-intestinal disease and mucosa adjacent to carcinoma ('transitional' mucosa) from specimens resected for colo-rectal cancel were compared. These tissues were incubated in TC 199 medium containing [3H]galactose for various intervals of time and for pulse labelling. Silver grain distribution was statistically analysed. The results showed a reduction in the incorporation of the galactose by 'transitional' mucosa. The uptake by this mucosa was less uniform than normal and showed considerable peaking in the endoplasmic reticulum of the goblet cells and in the Golgi of the absorptive cells, suggesting a blockage or alteration in glycoprotein synthesis. The differences were most marked in the middle crypt (the region of differentiation) and in the upper crypt (the region of maturation). PMID- 7118568 TI - Uptake and turnover of dopamine in rat mast cells studied by cytofluorometry and high performance liquid chromatography. AB - Uptake and turnover of dopamine (DA) in rat peritoneal mast cells were studied by a cytofluorometric technique. The main advantage of the method is that it permits the study of the distribution of amine content within populations of cells. Catecholamines and indolamines can be differentiated, but subtler structural differences in this group of compounds cannot be distinguished. We, therefore, combined the cytofluorometric measurements with a liquid chromatographic method based on reversed-phase chromatography followed by amperometric detection in a thin layer flow cell. Intraperitoneally injected L-DOPA was rapidly decarboxylated to DA, which was accumulated in mast cell granules. The elimination of DA from the mast cells was much faster than previously published 5 hydroxytryptamine and histamine elimination rates. No evidence of intracellular conversion of DA before its elimination was found and simultaneous heparin quantitations gave no evidence of an elimination pathway due to exocytosis of granules. Electron microscopy disclosed no structural changes that could be related to exocytosis during the elimination phase of DA. The rapid elimination together with absence of inhibition of DA-uptake after storage of exogenous 5 hydroxytryptamine suggest that the mechanism of DA storage differs from the mechanism of storage of endogenous mast cell amines. PMID- 7118570 TI - Ultrastructural localization of calcium in the rat retina with a combined oxalate pyroantimonate technique. PMID- 7118569 TI - Early and late changes in the metabolic pattern of the working myocardial fibres and Purkinje fibres of the human heart under ischaemic and inflammatory conditions: an enzyme histochemical study. PMID- 7118571 TI - Purity of commercial non-certified European samples of Pyronin Y. AB - The purity of six European non-certified samples of Pyronin Y was compared with that of two American samples certified by the Biological Stain Commission. The methods used were spectrophotometry and a Methyl Green-Pyronin staining test (both as applied by the Biological Stain Commission), thin layer chromatography, mass spectrometry, determination of pH, and content of some electrolytes. It was found that none of the European batches of Pyronin Y passed the complete test as prescribed by the Biological Stain Commission. Their dye content was uniformly low (between 5 and 19%). Furthermore, thin layer chromatography and mass spectrometry revealed that two of the dye samples contained no Pyronin Y or only traces. It is concluded that assessment of an unknown sample of a dye labelled Pyronin Y should be initiated with thin layer chromatography. The pH and content of electrolytes in an aqueous solution of the dye should also be determined in order to obtain reproducible staining results. Finally, the value of the work performed by the Biological Stain Commission is underlined, although more sophisticated methods are necessary for testing the purity of dyestuffs. PMID- 7118572 TI - Endocrine cells and melanin-containing cells in the anal canal epithelium. AB - The epithelium of the anal canal from 22 humans was studied in order to demonstrate the possible presence of endocrine cells and melanin-containing cells. Histochemical methods aimed at demonstrating reducing substances, biogenic amines, argyrophilia and melanin, were used. Enterochromaffin cells, and possibly other types of endocrine cells, were demonstrated above the dentate line both in colo-rectal type epithelium and in the anal transitional zone. Melanin-containing cells could also occasionally be found in the anal transitional zone. The presence of endocrine cells in the anal canal epithelium opens up the possibility that carcinoids can originate in this region. Further, the presence of melanin containing cells might explain the occurrence of malignant melanomas arising above the dentate line. PMID- 7118573 TI - The noradrenergic innervation of the excretory ducts of the parotid, mandibular and sublingual glands in the rat. AB - The noradrenergic innervation of the excretory ducts of the parotid, mandibular and sublingual salivary glands in the rat has been examined using fluorescence histochemistry. None of the ducts were found to be innervated directly but, in the mandibular duct, innervated blood vessels are in close proximity to the epithelial cells of the duct and it is suggested that noradrenaline may diffuse from the vascular nerve endings to receptors on the epithelial cells. PMID- 7118574 TI - Biotin, pantothenic acid and vitamin E in the British household food supply. AB - Intakes of biotin, pantothenic acid and vitamin E in Britain were calculated by applying values from the 4th edition of McCance and Widdowson's The composition of foods or other published values to the amounts of food recorded in the National Food Survey of 1979. National average intakes were found to be biotin distributions could also be made to the intake of the B vitamins by alcoholic drinking and confectionery. Comparison of intakes with suggested recommended intakes values were rather low while for pantothenic acid the recommendations were met. PMID- 7118575 TI - The satiety value of protein. PMID- 7118576 TI - Feeding patterns of Australian infants: birth to one year. PMID- 7118577 TI - Effect of iron-fortified bread roll on hematological indices and clinical symptoms in menstruating women. PMID- 7118578 TI - Metabolic balance studies for zinc and nitrogen in healthy elderly subjects. AB - Metabolic balances for zinc and nitrogen were performed in ten healthy elderly men and women aged 72.2 to 85.4 yr whilst they were living in their own homes. The mean daily retentions of nitrogen and zinc were 29 mmol (range-38 to +179) and 4 micromol (range -17 to +16) respectively. The mean concentrations of zinc were 11.9 micromol/1 plasma (lower than in younger adults) and 89.8 micromol/1 whole blood (similar to that of younger adults). There was no significant correlation between these values nor was there correlation with the overall retention of zinc. The balance data provide reference values against which the findings in malnourished, sick and institutionalized elderly may be better assessed. PMID- 7118579 TI - A comparison of the predictive value of nutritional assessment techniques. PMID- 7118580 TI - Hereditary abnormality in tapetum lucidum of the Siamese cats. A histochemical and quantitative study. AB - Gross examination showed a weaker reflection (less shining) of the tapetum lucidum of the Siamese cats compared with common cats. Toluidine blue sections revealed that many tapetal cells were weakly stained and giving vacuolated appearance under high magnification. Further examination with electron microscope showed that those weakly stained cells were filled with disrupted tapetal rods. In these affected cells, the arrangement of the tapetal rods was no longer regular. The membranes of the tapetal rods were either enlarged or disrupted. Some of them appeared to be myelin-like structures. The cores of the tapetal rods were either empty or filled with electron-dense materials which may be the remnant of the original cores. The severity of this type of abnormality or degeneration in the tapetum varied from layers to layers. Those layers closer to the retina showed a greater number of cells with degeneration. Quantitative analysis of histochemical detection of zinc showed a significantly smaller amount of zinc in tapetal rods of the Siamese cats as compared with common cats. Less zinc and disruption of the regular arrangement of the tapetal rods may result in weaker reflection of light by Siamese cat tapetum. In four of the nine Siamese cats studied, this type of abnormality was observed. It suggests that it is a hereditary disorder of relatively high frequency. PMID- 7118581 TI - Distribution of DNA between sister cells during serial subcultivation of human fibroblasts. AB - The segregation of DNA at the time of cell division was analysed by measuring the DNA contents of cells in mitosis and the incorporation of tritiated thymidine (3H TdR) on each half of anaphases and telophases. Results suggest that the spreads in the 2C and 4C DNA contents are due to quantitative differences which could originate during semi-conservative DNA synthesis, chromosome assembly and chromosome segregation. This continuous rearrangement of the genome could lead either to a degenerative process or to a differentiation program. PMID- 7118582 TI - A study of sensory innervation to long nuclear chain intrafusal fibers in the cat muscle spindle. AB - The sensory innervation of 46 poles of long chain intrafusal muscle fibers was studied histochemically by staining for NADH-TR in periodic, 8 micron thick transverse sections of cat muscle spindles. Each long chain fiber carried terminals of the primary sensory axon, and 23 of the fiber poles also displayed secondary sensory endings. With the NADH-TR reaction there was no apparent difference in the cross-sectional appearance of sensory endings on the long chain and on other nuclear chain fibers. However, the contact area between the secondary endings and the muscle fiber tended to be shorter on the long chain than on the neighboring chain fibers of shorter polar length. This was also the case for one long chain fiber in which the sensory innervation was examined in serial, 1 micron thick sections stained with toluidine blue. Discharges of the secondary sensory axons in cat spindles may be affected more by contraction of the shorter nuclear chain fibers than by activation of the long chain fibers. PMID- 7118583 TI - A quantitative cytochemical method for the measurement of beta-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase activity in rat heart muscle. AB - Although cytochemical methods exist for measuring dehydrogenases that act on substrates involved in the production of chemical energy from sugars, virtually no methods exist for measuring the dehydrogenases that act on fatty acids. Yet the oxidation of fatty acids accounts for over 60% of the oxidative activity of cardiac muscle. Consequently a new quantitative cytochemical method, based on a new substrate (DL-S-beta-hydroxybutyryl-N-acetyl cysteamine), has been developed for measuring the activity of hydroxy-acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase, which is the penultimate step of the beta-oxidation of fatty acids to acetyl-coenzyme A that is used in the Krebs' cycle. Menadione or phenazine methosulphate is used as the intermediate hydrogen-acceptor, with neotetrazolium chloride as the final acceptor. The medium contains nitroprusside, ostensibly to react with any cysteamine liberated by hydrolysis of the substrate. As a control, cysteamine is substituted for the substrate. The concentrations of reactants have been optimized for cardiac muscle; the reaction is linear with thickness of the sections and with time of reaction from 15 to 60 min. PMID- 7118584 TI - Fluorescent properties of monoamine neurons following glyoxylic acid treatment of intact leech ganglia. AB - The SPG modification (de la Torre and Surgeon 1976) of the glyoxylic acid method for amine condensation is a straightforward procedure which can be used upon intact ganglia from the leech. Intense fluorescence of the neurosomata of identified neurons which contain either indoleamine (serotonin, 5-HT) or catecholamine (CA) is obtained in less than 30 min. The fluorescence of the 5-HT containing neurons is yellow (518-526 nm) and decays more rapidly than the dominant blue emission (478-480 nm) of the CA neurons. Most importantly, the SPG technique greatly enhances the visibility of the axonal processes of neurons which contain both classes of amines over the fluorescence produced by formaldehyde condensation techniques. Both blue and yellow fluorescent varicosities are easily distinguished in the longitudinal connectives and lateral roots of the leech C.N.S. Because of its simplicity and high fluorescence yields, the SPG method for histochemical fluorescence should contribute to investigations of amine functions in invertebrate nervous systems. PMID- 7118585 TI - Quantitative dehydrogenase histochemistry with exogenous electron carriers (PMS, MPMS, MB). AB - The relative efficiencies of phenazine methosulfate (PMS), 1-methoxy-phenazine methosulfate (MPMS) and Meldola Blue (MB) as electron carriers were determined biochemically (non-enzymic NADH-tetrazolium salt-test) and by quantitative histochemistry (heart and kidney slices; succinate dehydrogenase, SDH; lactate dehydrogenase, LDH). MPMS developed the highest electron transfer velocity in biochemical assays. The reaction was independent of the pH value between 7.0-8.5. PMS and MB always showed a lower transfer ability in biochemical tests which was higher with iodonitrotetrazolium chloride (INT) than with nitro blue tetrazolium chloride (NBT). A distinct pH dependence was demonstrable with MB in this respect, preferentially using INT as tetrazolium salt. Quantitative histochemical results with electron carriers are often at variance with biochemical ones. MPMS leads to somewhat higher demonstrable activities only in the determination of the NAD-dependent LDH, whereas MB results in somewhat higher LDH activity than PMS (reaction medium with agarose). MB and PMS yielded almost equally high activities in the demonstration of the flavoprotein-dependent SDH using a reaction medium with agarose. With an aqueous reaction medium, PMS resulted in higher SDH activities than MB. MPMS always had the lowest efficiency in electron transfer ability using an aqueous or agarose containing reaction medium (SDH). With PVA in the reaction medium (SDH determination) PMS was clearly superior to MPMS. MB showed only a small transfer activity under these conditions because PVA seems to bind MB almost completely. It is concluded that in histochemistry an appropriate electron carrier and electron carrier concentration must be determined for different incubation conditions, tissues, tissue preparations and dehydrogenases studied. General statements about the efficiency or inefficiency of an electron carrier as a result of only one incubation condition does not seem to be justified. PMID- 7118586 TI - Estimation of thionein synthesis in cultured cells by slab gel electrophoresis. PMID- 7118587 TI - Determination of toluene concentrations in blood intermittently sampled from jugular vein-catheterized rats. PMID- 7118588 TI - Measurement of adrenaline in the rat brain by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection. PMID- 7118589 TI - Haematological changes in fish exposed to endosulfan. PMID- 7118590 TI - Morphometric study on age-dependent pulmonary lesions in rats exposed to nitrogen dioxide. PMID- 7118591 TI - [Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC): comparison of clinical staging-systems]. AB - A group of 54 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has been classified according to the TNM-staging-systems of the UICC (International Union Against Cancer), DAG (German Work Group "Clinical Oncology"), J.H.C. Ho/Hong Kong and the 2nd International Symposium on NPC, Kyoto 1977. For several parameters the patients have been classified for AJC (American Joint Committee for Cancer Staging and End-Results-Reporting), too. Tumor extension to the base of the skull or pterygopalatine fossa can only be assessed by radiological techniques. Therefore 36 of the 54 patients have been examined for osseous lesions of these regions with both conventional and computerized tomography. New computed tomographs with high resolution power give better information about tumor involvement than conventional tomography. The value of X-ray methods for correct staging of NPC are demonstrated. A review of the results showed that the staging system of Ho is the most reliable of the staging systems. The other staging systems ie. UICC and DAG need considerable improvement before they can be recommended. PMID- 7118593 TI - [Tatooing of tumor borders in cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx as a guide for orientation in radical operation after radiation]. AB - To improve the local rate of success or the conversion of cancers of the cavum oris and of the oropharynx which are inoperable because of their local situation, preoperative radiation is carried out in cases where this is appropriate. The radiation and the radical operation must be coordinated with each other. For this purpose the borders of the cancer are marked by tatooing them with ink. The tatooing makes it possible both to judge the effects of the radiation accurately and to locate the borders of the tumor with the naked eye after radiation treatment in apparently healthy tissues. In this way it is possible to perform the radical operation with an adequate safety margin around the pre-therapeutic borders of the tumor. With this method the rate of success in tongue-body, tongue ground and tonsil cancers can be improved. PMID- 7118592 TI - [Lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the oropharynx: incidence and differential di]. AB - From 1960--1980, 452 malignant tumors of the oro- and nasopharynx were observed in the Cologne university ENT-clinic. 313 tumors of the oropharynx and 119 of the nasopharynx could be reclassified using the current classifications of upper respiratory tract tumors (WHO and Cologne modification) and of malignant lymphomas (German Kiel and Rappaport classifications). The analysis showed a different distribution of histological diagnoses in the naso- and oropharynx. Whereas the squamous cell carcinoma dominates with 57% in the oropharynx it is seldom seen (only 13%) in the nasopharynx. The non-keratinizing the undifferentiated carcinomas showed an inverse distribution in both regions. Malignant lymphomas and other types of malignant tumors occur equally frequent in the naso- and in the oropharynx. Only patients with non-keratinizing and undifferentiated carcinomas of the nasopharynx showed elevated antibody titers against Epstein-Barr virus. 7 patients with tumors of the same histological type but localization in the oropharynx had no elevated antibody titers against EBV. PMID- 7118594 TI - [Indications, techniques and results of intermaxillary ligation in partial mandibulectomy]. AB - In radical operations of tumors in the cavum oris and oropharynx partial mandibulectomy is sometimes necessary. With inter-maxillary ligatures using the fixation aids described (splints, prostheses and rubber rings) it is possible to achieve sufficient immobilization to permit the wound to heal, training of the mouth-opening muscles and a long-term treatment to prevent the scar from shrinking. Examples of the good functional and cosmetic results are presented with photos. PMID- 7118595 TI - [Medialization of the paralyzed vocal cord by cartilage chips and "wing door thyroplasty"]. AB - Unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis with atrophic vocal cord and persisting glottic insufficiency as well as hemiparesis of the larynx caused by lesions of the upper parts of the vagal nerve have to be managed surgically. Instead of the nowadays often applied Teflon-injection the authors prefer the following techniques of surgical medialization. 1. Medial shifting of the paralyzed vocal cord by subperiostal implantations of autogenous cartilage through a window in the thyroid ala. 2. "Wing door thyroplasty" with medialization of a door like part of the thyroid cartilage which is locked by a cartilage chip in the desired position. The results of the surgical treatment of 19 patients (13 paresis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, 6 lesions of the upper part of the vagal nerve) showed an obvious improvement with regard to voice and aspiration. There have been no postoperative complications. These methods can be an alternative to Teflon-injections. PMID- 7118596 TI - [Light and electron microscopy investigations in Reinke's ("polypoid chorditis")]. AB - In nine cases of Reinkes edema ("polypoid chorditis") the resected mucosa is investigated by light and electron microscopy. The characteristic morphological changes of the disease are observed in the fibrous tissue of the vocal cord. The most important pathological result are extensive walled off spaces. The greater part of these are lined with a layer of mesothelial cell like fibroblasts. The slightly pathological findings at the epithelial cells are in accordance with the clinical result. Inflammatory signs morphologically can not be observed. PMID- 7118597 TI - [Cicatricial stenosis in the crico-tracheal region. A new surgical approach]. AB - Nearly a half of laryngo-tracheal cicatrical stenoses following long-term intubation are found at the level of the cricoid cartilage. Early and correctly performed tracheotomy can prevent this complication in almost all cases. The best results of surgical treatment can be expected after transverse partial resection of cricoid and upper trachea or after Rethi's laminotomy. In 14 patients after cricotomy a bone graft from the manubrium sterni was inserted, to separate permanently the free borders of the divided cricoid cartilage. Operative technics and the results of treatment are presented. PMID- 7118598 TI - [Pachydermia of the larynx--treatment with aromatic retinoid (Ro10-9359). Further results]. AB - 27 patients with pachydermias of the larynx were treated with the aromatic retinoid Ro 10-9359, a derivative of vitamin A-acid. The treatment was successful in 17 cases, in seven cases the pachydermias were diminished and in three cases the therapy was without effect. Recurrencies were treated successfully in three cases. The aromatic retinoid seems to be an effective drug for the treatment of laryngeal pachydermias. PMID- 7118600 TI - [Counterpressure operation autoscope for microlaryngoscopy in local anaesthesia]. PMID- 7118599 TI - [On the endolaryngeal treatment of vocal-cord cancer and its limitations using CO2-laser]. AB - A case of vocal-cord carcinoma situated in the anterior commissure of the larynx is presented. Indirect laryngeal endoscopy and biopsy evidenced a carcinoma in situ expanding on the anterior of the true vocal-cords with a subglottic expansion of about 1 cm. To obtain better visualization direct microlaryngoscopy was performed and the tumor was excised using the CO2-Laser. The anterior commissure and the adjacent parts of the true vocal-cords were excised. The false vocal-cords and adjacent tissues which were macroscopically suspicious for tumor infiltrations were exposed to the laser beam. --Later on a laryngectomy had to be performed because the tumor histologically had infiltrated adjacent tissues. The larynx was serially sectioned. Although the laser microsurgery results suggested destruction of the tumor an insufficient subglottic excision by vaporization was ascertained histologically. --This case suggests that tumors of subglottic expansion should not be excised by endolaryngeal laser microsurgery. PMID- 7118602 TI - [The intraossal petrositis, a forgotten differential diagnosis]. PMID- 7118601 TI - [Mediastinitis with detection of Candida albicans]. AB - A case report of a 60 year old female, who suffered from a perforation of the upper esophagus (broken dental prosthesis) and developed an acute candida albicans mediastinitis, is presented. There were no clinical indications for a mycosis (e.g. diabetes mellitus, esophagitis). The diagnostic criteria inclusively the role of computer-tomography as well as the surgical treatment (collar mediastinotomy) and antibiotic treatment are briefly discussed. PMID- 7118603 TI - [Intralabyrinthine acoustic neuroma combined with otosclerosis. Case report]. PMID- 7118605 TI - Use of the Z-A breech score in the management of breech presentation at term. PMID- 7118604 TI - [Repeated halothane-anaesthetics for laryngotracheal stenoses. How great is the risk of liver damage?]. PMID- 7118606 TI - Injuries to the brachial plexus: experience of a private sports medicine clinic. PMID- 7118607 TI - The clinical behavior of desmoid tumors in children. PMID- 7118608 TI - Experience with subtalar extra-articular arthrodesis in valgus deformities of the feet. PMID- 7118609 TI - Screening of adolescent girls for rubella in a family practice clinic. PMID- 7118610 TI - Successful pregnancy and delivery following bilateral total hip replacement: report of case. PMID- 7118611 TI - Paragangliomas of the head and neck: a review of the literature and report of a case. PMID- 7118612 TI - Substernal thyroid and thyrotoxicosis: report of case. PMID- 7118614 TI - Acute osteomyelitis/pyoarthritis caused by Lancefield Group F beta-hemolytic streptococcus. PMID- 7118613 TI - Ovarian pregnancy associated with a copper-7 intrauterine device: report of a case and review of the literature. PMID- 7118616 TI - Implications of the quadratic cell survival curve and human skin radiation "tolerance doses" on fractionation and superfractionation dose selection. AB - An analysis of early published multifraction orthovoltage human acute skin irradiation tolerance isoeffect doses is presented. It indicates that human acute skin radiation reactions may result from the repetition, with each dose fraction, of a cell survival curve of the form: S = e-(alpha D + beta D2) The analysis also shows no need for an independent proliferation related time factor for skin, for daily treatments of six weeks or less in duration. The value obtained for the constant beta/alpha for orthovoltage irradiation from these data is 2.9 x 10(-3) rad-1 for the cell line determining acute skin tolerance. A radiation isoeffect relationship, based on the quadractic cell survival curve, is introduced for human skin. This relationship has some advantages over the nominal standard dose (NSD). First, its use is not restricted to tolerance level reactions. Second, a modification of the relationship, which is also introduced, may be employed in the selection of doses per treatment when irradiation dose fractions are administered at short intervals where repair of sublethal injury is incomplete. PMID- 7118615 TI - The radioresponsiveness of melanoma. AB - The variability of malignant melanoma in its response to irradiation is well documented. Recent radiobiological studies suggest that high individual dose and low total fraction regimens will enhance the responsiveness of this tumor to irradiation. The experience of the Ellis Fischel State Cancer Hospital and the Cancer Research Center, Columbia, Missouri was reviewed with particular attention to such radiotherapeutic regimens. Of 41 lesions in 27 patients, the overall response rate to irradiation was 37%. When regimens using more than 400 cGy per fraction were analyzed, a 67% response rate was noted. Complete response and small volume of tumor correlated significantly (p = 0.008) with long-term survival. PMID- 7118617 TI - Superfractionation: its rationale and anticipated benefits. AB - This manuscript discusses the biological bases of radiation therapy dose fractionation with emphasis on the theoretical implications of the quadratic cell survival equation (S = e-(alpha D + beta D2) ). In the development of the analysis, both the therapeutic ratio, defined as the log tumor cell survival divided by the log normal cell survival, and the therapeutic gain, the ratio of the therapeutic ratios for two different doses per treatment, are shown to be useful. From the analysis it follows that the use of small doses per treatment delivered at short intervals (superfractionation), will generally lead to improved local tumor control rates provided the total dose is increased sufficiently to maintain a constant level of normal tissue damage. Improvement may not be seen if the tumor response is dominated by oxygenated cells with a higher capacity to repair sublethal radiation injury than the host normal tissues. PMID- 7118618 TI - Maximum likelihood estimation of dose-response parameters for therapeutic operating characteristic (TOC) analysis of carcinoma of the nasopharynx. AB - A Therapeutic Operating Characteristic (TOC) curve for radiation therapy plots, for all possible treatment doses, the probability of tumor ablation as a function of the probability of radiation-induced complication. Application of this analysis to actual therapeutic situations requires that dose-response curves for ablation and for complication be estimated from clinical data. We describe an approach in which "maximum likelihood estimates" of these dose-response curves are made, and we apply this approach to data collected on responses to radiotherapy for carcinoma of the nasopharynx. TOC curves constructed from the estimated dose-response curves are subject to moderately large uncertainties because of the limitations of available data. These TOC curves suggest, however, that treatment doses greater than 1800 ret may substantially increase the probability of tumor ablation with little increase in the risk of radiation induced cervical myelopathy, especially for T1 and T2 tumors. PMID- 7118619 TI - On bringing radiation therapy out of the closet. PMID- 7118620 TI - Ultrasound-induced hyperthermia for the treatment of human superficial tumors. AB - Ultrasonic systems were developed for the treatment of superficial human tumors, generating local tumor hyperthermia at tumor center temperatures ranging from 43 degrees to 50 degrees. Twenty-eight patients with disease of varying histology were evaluable for response, and demonstrated an overall response rate of 57% with a complete response rate of 18%. In 11 patients who had received definitive radiation therapy to the heat treated area, the response rate was 81%; there were no toxicities other than those noted for the overall study. As temperature was escalated a marked increase was observed both in response rates (from 53% (43-44 degrees C) to 83% (48-50 degrees C) and in duration of response (from 29 to 250 days for the same temperatures). Toxicities were minimal, consisting of superficial blistering in four patients and pain in six patients. Pain was usually associated with tumor involvement in the periostium. PMID- 7118621 TI - In vitro cellular radiosensitivity of human malignant melanoma. AB - The agar diffusion chamber assay was used to construct in vitro radiation cell survival for two human malignant melanoma xenografts. Both tumors had survival curves of shoulder-exponential shape with large shoulders (Dq 2.38, 2.92 Gy). Comparison with previous studies of 4 human tumor xenografts in the same system suggests that large shoulders are more common in melanomas than other tumor types. This supports the case for large fraction irradiation in the clinical therapy of melanoma. PMID- 7118622 TI - Treatment of carcinoma of the penis by iridium 192 wire implant. AB - Since 1971, a group of 22 adult patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis have been treated by iridium 192 wires implant. There were 6 T1 tumors, 14 T2 tumors and 2 T3; only one patient (T3) presented with local failure after implant. Local necrosis occurred in 2 patients without local tumoral recurrence, but was sufficient enough to warrant amputation. Thus 19/22 (86%) patients were locally cured with penile conservation. In these patients the most frequent post therapeutic complication is chronic urethral stenosis (9/19 patients, 47%) requiring repeated instrumental dilations. Four patients presented with initial inguinal metastatic nodes; only one was cured by radiosurgical treatment. Among patients without metastatic nodes at the time of diagnosis, none had delayed metastatic nodes. Three patients died of nodal evolution, 5 patients died of intercurrent disease without evidence of disease and 14 are now alive and NED. It appears that iridium 192 wires implant is the most effective conservative treatment of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the penis; however, these results confirm that no particular treatment is required for inguinal nodal areas for patients who initially present with no disease. PMID- 7118623 TI - Critique of "fast neutron therapy--losing sight of the forest by counting the Trees,". PMID- 7118624 TI - Hypoxic suppression of dietary-induced component of resting metabolism in rats. AB - Wistar rats fasted for 48 h were exposed to hypoxia (9.5% O2 in N2) at ambient temperatures (Ta) of 13.5, 24.5, and 32.0 degrees C. In normoxic environment, fasted rats showed significantly lower values of oxygen consumption (VO2), dry heat loss (R + C + K), and colonic temperature (Tcol) than in fed counterparts. The extent of decrease in each parameter was nearly same at any Ta. On exposure to hypoxia, fed rats showed a significant decrease in VO2, (R + C + K), and Tcol at any Ta. The decrease was particularly great at Ta 13.5 degrees C. In contrast to fed rats, fasted rats showed a significant decrease in all of these parameters only at Ta 13.5 degrees C. No such decrease was observed at Ta 24.5 and 32.0 degrees C. However, a significant difference in Tcol was found at Ta 24.5 degrees C in fasted rats between normoxic and hypoxic environments. Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference between fed and fasted rats in each parameter at any Ta in hypoxia. These results suggest that hypoxia suppresses both dietary-induced and cold-induced components of metabolism in rats. PMID- 7118626 TI - PAO2 and PVO2 interaction on hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. AB - We sought to determine why large lung compartment hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction fails to redistribute blood flow at a low fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) level (0.06) when the remaining small lung compartment is ventilated with room air. In 10 pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs, we decreased large compartment FIO2 from 1.0 to 0.06 while the small compartment FIO2 was constant at 0.21, 0.3, 0.5, or 1.0. When small compartment FIO2 was 0.21 and 0.3, large compartment FIO2 decreases from 1.0 to 0.15-0.10 caused a disproportionate increase in large compartment pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and further large compartment FIO2 decreases from 0.15-0.10 to 0.06 caused a decrease in large compartment PVR while small compartment PVR continued to increase. When small compartment FIO2 was 0.5, large compartment FIO2 decreases caused an increase and then no change in large compartment PVR, while small compartment PVR remained constant. When small compartment FIO2 was 1.0, all large compartment FIO2 decreases caused increases in large compartment PVR, while small compartment PVR remained constant. When small compartment FIO2 was 0.21 and 0.3, small compartment alveolar oxygen tension (PAO2) and PVR were always inversely related. When small compartment FIO2 was 0.21, 0.3, and 0.5, large compartment PVR either decreased or remained constant whenever mixed venous oxygen tension (PVO2) was less than 30-32 Torr and large compartment PAO2 was less than 50-60 Torr. We conclude that both small compartment hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and primarily failure of large compartment hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction occurred when large compartment FIO2 was low (0.06) and small compartment FIO2 was 0.21 or 0.3. PMID- 7118627 TI - Determinants of mechanical properties of rat lung during postnatal development. AB - We studied the volume-pressure curve of saline-filled lungs in rats between 4 and 40 days of age and correlated measurements of lung mechanical properties derived from these curves, e.g., lung volume at 10 cmH2O (V10), lung elastic recoil, the pressure required to rupture the lung (PRP), and hysteresis ratio (HR) with total lung collagen and elastin. Postnatal lung growth in the rat can be divided into four stages: lung expansion (between birth and 4 days); alveolar proliferation (between 4 and 12 days); elastin accumulation (between 12 and 20 days); and equilibrated growth (between 20 and 40 days). During lung expansion the lung contains little collagen or elastin, has small volumes, low elastic recoil, low PRP, and high HR. During alveolar proliferation lung volumes increase and HR falls, but elastic recoil and PRP do not change. During elastin accumulation lung elastin increases 297% and elastin concentration increases 261%, elastic recoil more than doubles reaching adult levels, and stress relaxation reaches adult values. During equilibrated growth lung elastin and V10/g lung weight plateau, but lung collagen increases 34.3% and collagen concentration doubles as does the structural integrity of the lung as measured by PRP. These studies illustrate the distinct effects of collagen and elastin on lung mechanical properties and define the mechanical consequences of the structural events associated with postnatal lung growth. PMID- 7118625 TI - Selective effect of general anesthetics on reflex bronchoconstrictor responses in dogs. AB - To determine which part of the parasympathetic bronchoconstrictor pathway is most sensitive to depression by general anesthetics, we stimulated different parts of the pathway in dogs after initial anesthesia with chloralose and urethan and then after additional anesthetic drugs. We stimulated the entire reflex pathway by producing apnea or hypoventilation, the sensory pathway by electrically stimulating the proximal end of cut superior laryngeal nerves, and the motor pathway by stimulating the distal end of a cut cervical vagus nerve. Bronchoconstrictor responses to all stimuli were assessed with a bypassed tracheal segment. When no additional anesthetic was administered, responses to all stimuli increased with time. Small additional doses of anesthetics (thiopental, 1-5 mg/kg; pentobarbital, 1-2 mg/kg; amobarbital, 1-2 mg/kg; or chloralose, 10 mg/kg) decreased responses to reflex and sensory stimulation markedly and reversibly, but they did not affect responses to motor stimulation. Increased doses decreased responses to motor stimulation as well. Our previous study (Skoogh et al., Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 123: 202, 1981) showed that barbiturates depress parasympathetic ganglionic synapses; the present study suggests that central nervous system synapses may be even more sensitive to depression by general anesthetics. PMID- 7118628 TI - Active impedance of respiratory system in anesthetized cats. AB - We have assessed the validity of the method of Siafakas et al. (J. Appl. Physiol.: Respirat. Environ. Exercise Physiol. 51: 109-121, 1981) for determining active elastance (E'rs) and flow resistance (R'rs) of the respiratory system. In six cats anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium we have measured flow, volume, and tracheal occlusion pressure during spontaneous breathing. This allowed us to compute E'rs and R'rs. From these data and the occlusion pressure wave we predicted the time course of volume during inspirations with added linear flow resistances (delta R). These were compared to the actual loaded inspirograms. The agreement was generally good, except for small predictable discrepancies with the highest delta R values, which could be attributed to decompression of thoracic gas. These results indicate that the approach of Siakafas et al. to determine E'rs and R'rs is valid. In addition, we have quantified the "terminal inhibition" of inspiratory activity, which occurs toward the end of unoccluded breaths (both loaded and unloaded). PMID- 7118629 TI - Distribution of vascular resistance and compliance in a dog lung lobe. AB - We have modeled the left lower dog lung lobe as three serial compartments, each containing resistance (R) and compliance (C). The intracompartmental arrangement of R and C was chosen to permit their evaluation from pressure data obtained following occlusion of the venous outflow. We found that two mathematically distinct models permitted evaluation of the distribution of R and C. The models were complementary in that when used together the R and C of the three compartments could be determined. The central compartment had 46% of the lobar vascular resistance and 75% of the lobar vascular compliance under control conditions. We found that serotonin and histamine, which increased the resistance proximal and distal to the central compartment, respectively, did not increase the central resistance. Therefore, we conclude that the central compartment includes the capillary bed. The equilibrium pressure (Pd), obtained when arterial inflow and venous outflow were simultaneously occluded, was in close agreement with the average preocclusion pressure of the central compartment, indicating that Pd is close to the pulmonary microvascular pressure. PMID- 7118630 TI - Elicitation of supramaximal thermogenesis by aminophylline in the rat. AB - Previous studies in rats indicate that maximal thermogenesis during severe cold exposure is suppressed by overnight fasting. Since fasting depresses sympathetic activity and the activity of adrenergic receptors, both of which affect substrate mobilization in cold, the present study attempted to restore maximal thermogenesis in fasted rats by exogenous sympathomimetics and a hypoxanthine (aminophylline). In overnight-fasted rats, exogenous sympathomimetics had no effect in further enhancing maximal thermogenesis induced by exposure to severe cold (in He-O2 at -10 degrees C), indicating maximization of endogenous sympathetic discharge and saturation of adrenergic receptor binding during severe cold exposure. In contrast, aminophylline (1.25-37.5 mg/kg ip) elicited "supramaximal thermogenesis" beyond control maximums in both fasted (+19.4%) and fed +14.4%) conditions in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in improved cold tolerance and prevention of hypothermia. Since aminophylline acts distally to adrenergic receptors to increase intracellular adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate concentration, it is possible that such increases could enhance substrate mobilization to support supramaximal thermogenesis in severe cold. PMID- 7118632 TI - Cardiac output and stroke volume in exercising ducks and pigeons. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between oxygen consumption (VO2) and cardiac output, stroke volume, and arteriovenous O2 content differences in resting and exercising birds. Pigeons and ducks showed a linear relationship between oxygen consumption and cardiac output and appeared to have a greater cardiac output for a given oxygen consumption than do mammals of the same body mass. In these birds the arteriovenous O2 content difference was hyperbolically related to oxygen consumption. The cardiac output was relatively high, implying a smaller arteriovenous O2 content difference than found in mammals. Resting stroke volume, relative to body mass, was greater in these birds than in mammals. However, as birds have disproportionately larger hearts for their body mass, these birds showed almost the same stroke volume per gram of heart as do mammals. PMID- 7118631 TI - Characterization of H1- and H2-receptor function in pulmonary and systemic circulations of sheep. AB - We investigated the histamine H1- and H2-receptor function in the pulmonary and systemic circulations of sheep by in vivo and in vitro techniques. Combined H1 and H2 stimulation (by intravenous histamine) in vivo increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) to 435% of base line and decreased systemic vascular resistance (SVR) to 49% of base line. Selective H2 stimulation (histamine after chlorpheniramine pretreatment) decreased PVR and SVR to 86 and 82% at base line, respectively, while selective H1 stimulation (histamine after metiamide pretreatment) increased PVR to 424% of base line and decreased SVR to 64% of base line. Combined H1- and H2-antagonist pretreatment completely blocked the effects of histamine on SVR, while PVR still decreased to 85% of base line, suggesting a mild "atypical" H2-receptor response in the pulmonary circulation under conditions of resting vascular tone. With increased pulmonary vascular tone (hypoxia), histamine decreased PVR to 55% (H1-antagonist pretreatment) and to 58% (combined H1- and H2-antagonist pretreatment) of posthypoxia values, respectively, demonstrating a marked atypical H2-receptor response. In vitro, both pulmonary arterial and venous strips showed a contractile dose-response to histamine, which was blocked by the H1-antagonist pyrilamine (mepyramine). In precontracted strips, both histamine and the H2-agonists (dimaprit and impromidine) elicited a relaxant response, which was neither blocked by H1 antagonist alone nor by combined H1- and H2-antagonists. We conclude that in sheep the histamine-induced pulmonary vasoconstrictor response is mediated by H1 receptors, while the pulmonary vasodepressor response is mediated by atypical H2 receptors. The systemic vasodepressor response is mediated by both H1- and typical H2-receptors. PMID- 7118633 TI - Sympathetic inhibition of histamine-induced contraction of canine trachealis in vivo. AB - The effect of sympathetic stimulation on histamine-induced tracheal contraction was studied in 42 dogs in situ. After cholinergic blockade with atropine, dose response curves to intra-arterial (ia) histamine (10(-10)-10(-6) mol) were performed in 11 adrenal-intact (ADi) and 5 adrenalectomized (ADx) dogs receiving steady-state sympathetic stimulation from continuous intravenous infusion (62.5 312 micrograms . kg-1 . min-1) of 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium iodide (DMPP). In ADi dogs receiving maximal sympathetic prestimulation (312 micrograms . kg-1 . min-1 DMPP), tracheal tension barely exceeded base-line resting tension after 10(-6) mol ia histamine. In five dogs, tracheal tension after maximal sympathetic prestimulation exceeded base line for greater than or equal to 10(-8) mol ia histamine. In 12 other dogs, reversal of histamine-induced contraction by maximal sympathetic prestimulation was studied. Tracheal tension decreased 45.6 +/- 4.4 g/cm in four ADi dogs (P less than 0.001), 12.4 +/- 2.8 g/cm in four ADx dogs (P less than 0.02), and 2.2 +/- 2.5 g/cm in four control dogs receiving sham infusions (P greater than 0.90). No evidence was found for nonadrenergic relaxation of canine airway smooth muscle. We conclude that tracheal sympathetic nerves cause significant antagonism of histamine-induced contraction, which is augmented by adrenal secretion. We also report a pharmacological method for dose related steady-state sympathetic stimulation of canine airways. PMID- 7118634 TI - Brain hypoxia and control of breathing: role of the vagi. AB - Vagally mediated reflexes play an important role in the generation of respiratory responses to various stimuli. This study examined the role of vagally mediated mechanisms in the generation of the respiratory responses to progressive brain hypoxia secondary to carboxyhemoglobinemia (HbCO 0-55%) in six unanesthetized goats. Ventilation, respiratory cycle timing, and the lung inflation reflex were measured before and during CO inhalation in intact and bilaterally vagotomized animals. Our results indicate that vagal reflexes contribute a small magnitude of the hyperpnea caused by carboxyhemoglobinemia. Furthermore, in contrast to that reported for CO2 inhalation, the tachypneic nature of the ventilatory response to CO is not a vagally mediated phenomenon. CO inhalation had a biphasic influence on the strength of the lung inflation reflex measured as the ratio of inspiratory time during occlusion (TIoccl) to inspiratory time of the preceding spontaneous breath (TIspont). At HbCO levels of 35%, TIoccl/TIspont was enhanced, whereas at HbCO levels of 55% of ratio fell to unity, indicating abolition of the reflex. After vagotomy, this ratio was unity at all levels of carboxyhemoglobinemia. PMID- 7118635 TI - Cardiac output as a controller of ventilation through changes in right ventricular load. AB - Ventilatory responses to changes in right ventricular (RV) load were studied in spontaneous breathing anesthetized dogs. Moving average RV pressure leads to (PRV) was used as an index of the RV strain. RV load was changed in two ways: 1) cardiac output (Q) was increased by infusion of isoproterenol (0.7-1.2 micrograms/min) and reduced by infusion of vasopressin (0.3-0.5 U/min); and 2) RV pressure was increased independently on Q by partial balloon obstruction of the RV outflow. When Q was changed by drug infusion there was a linear correlation between leads to PRV and Q (avg r = 0.04). Well-correlated linear relationships were found between expired minute ventilation (VE) and leads to PRV (avg r greater than 0.03), the slopes and intercepts of which were not significantly different whether leads to PRV was changed by altering Q, partial obstruction of RV outflow, or combining both procedures. Bilateral vagotomy did not alter the VE/leads to PRV slope resulting from RV balloon inflations. It is suggested that the RV strain may act as a controller of ventilation and provide a link between Q and VE. PMID- 7118636 TI - Biochemical and physiological development of fetal rhesus lung. AB - Study of 17 fetal rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) revealed a sequential rise in lung phosphatidylcholine (PC) concentration due to elevations in both disaturated (DSPC) and unsaturated constituents. The % DSPC in lung tissue clinical abruptly at 145 days of gestation prior to significant increases in PC or DSPC concentration but in association with improved lung deflation stability (% V10). This suggests that the DSPC-to-PC ratio may be a sensitive biochemical indicator of surfactant phospholipid production in lung parenchyma. Phosphatidyl-glycerol content did not increase significantly until after 155 days gestation, which was coincident with maximizing pulmonary distensibility (V max). Declining levels of phosphatidylethanolamine and sphingomyelin in lung tissue at 162 days support the hypothesis that preferential synthesis of PC occurs during late gestation. A serial decline in lung glycogen content with advancing gestation may reflect glycogen utilization as a substrate for lung phospholipid production. Comparison of biochemical and physiological data confirms the impression that discordances occur among lung maturational events. Lastly, a relationship between rising fetal blood cortisol levels and indices of fetal lung development was not demonstrated. PMID- 7118637 TI - Muscle weakness following dynamic exercise in humans. AB - Electrical stimulation of the triceps surae in five healthy male subjects showed that following 1-2 h level running and uphill walking, at submaximal voltages of stimulation, exercise enhanced the twitch and tetanic responses, but the supramaximal time to peak tension (TPT), twitch (Pto) and tetanic tensions (Po) at 10 and 20 Hz were reduced by 16 ms (-12.6%), 11 (-8.9%), 163 (-17.5%), and 230 N (-18.1%), respectively. High-frequency (50 and 100 Hz) tetanic stimulation produced qualitatively similar changes to the 20-Hz response, but the stimulus response curve for the two frequencies was different and the ratio of 20- to 50 Hz response (20/50) (cf. Edwards et al., J. Physiol, London 272: 769-778, 1977) was voltage dependent. The reduction in Po at 100 Hz was associated with a decrease in maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). The effects of exercise on Pto and Po at 10, 20, 50, and 100 Hz were short lived and recovered within approximately 2 h. In contrast box-stepping produced a greater fall in Pto and Po at 10 and 20 Hz, which was long lasting (at least (22 h), and there was a consistent fall in the 20/50 ratio. a 2-min "fatigue" test showed that the muscles were weaker but not more fatigable after exercise. Our results seriously question the validity of using submaximal stimulation voltages and ratios for testing human muscle function and suggest that long-lasting muscle weakness is not associated with recovery from prolonged walking, running, and only observed after box-stepping exercise. PMID- 7118638 TI - Barbiturates depress vagal motor pathway to ferret trachea at ganglia. AB - To determine which site in the vagal motor pathway to airway smooth muscle is most sensitive to depression by barbiturates, we recorded isometric muscle tension in vitro and stimulated the vagal motor pathway at four different sites before and after exposure to barbiturates. In isolated tracheal rings from ferrets, we stimulated muscarinic receptors in the neuromuscular junction by exogenous acetylcholine, postganglionic nerve fibers by electrical fluid stimulation, and the postsynaptic membrane in ganglia by 1,1-dimethyl-4 phenylpiperazinium iodide (DMPP). We also developed a tracheal nerve-muscle preparation to stimulate preganglionic fibers in the vagus nerve electrically. Activation of ganglia by DMPP or by vagus nerve stimulation was depressed by barbiturates at 10-fold lower concentrations than those depressing the activation of postganglionic nerves or the neuromuscular junction. These findings suggest that the postsynaptic membrane in parasympathetic ganglia is the site in the vagal motor pathway most sensitive to depression by barbiturates. PMID- 7118639 TI - Ionic content and regulation of cellular volume in rat alveolar type II cells. AB - Alveolar type II epithelial cells were isolated by elastase digestion of rat lungs and purified by centrifugal elutriation. This method yields an enriched fraction of 1 x 10(7) cells/rat containing 85% pure type II pneumocytes. Purified type II cells exhibit a high rate of oxygen consumption, 215 nmol O2 . 10(6) cells-1 . h-1, which is unaffected by the addition of succinate. Type II cells contain 2 microliters H2O/10(7) cells and are approximately 325-330 micrometers 3 in volume. These pneumocytes contain 107 nmol K/l cell H2O and 70 mmol Cl/l cell H2O. In addition, type II cells have a high Na content, i.e., 156 mmol/l cell H2O. However, most of this Na is bound with only 33% being exchangeable. Therefore, the cytoplasmic concentration of free Na is 51 mmol/l cell H2O. Na uptake is very rapid and type II cells i.e., specific activity equilibrium is reached in 15 min with a half time of 5 min. In addition to this large passive transport of Na, type II cells exhibit a highly active Na-K pump involved in the regulation of cellular volume. Volume regulation is inhibited by a decrease in temperature (2 degrees C) and by the addition of ouabain (10(-4) M), Hg (10(-5) M), or Cu (10(-3) M). PMID- 7118640 TI - Relationships among lung extravascular fluid compartments with alveolar flooding. AB - We studied the relationship between lung perivascular cuff fluid and alveolar fluid in dogs with alveolar flooding. In one group of dogs, we produced edema with alloxan. We waited 1 h and injected Evans blue dye intravenously. We then caused additional alveolar flooding by a rapid fluid load. The concentration of dye in perivascular fluid cuffs averaged 40% of that in airway edema fluid. We conclude that alveolar fluid derives from microvascular filtrate in the perimicrovascular compartment rather than from fluid in the loose connective tissue spaces. In a second group of dogs, we produced alveolar flooding by mechanically increasing left atrial pressure with a simultaneous fluid load. After flooding stopped and pressures stabilized, we injected Evans blue dye. Morphological examination of lung sections showed no dye present in alveolar fluid, although dye was present in alveolar septa and perivascular cuffs. Flooding occurs during a transient period consistent with an apparent increase in alveolar epithelial permeability, after which an isolated alveolar reservoir is created. PMID- 7118641 TI - Origin, distribution, and blood flow of bronchial circulation in anesthetized sheep. AB - This anatomical-physiological study was undertaken to determine the suitability of the sheep for studies of the bronchial circulation. We designated the terminal portion of the bronchoesophageal artery, which runs to the trachea at the carina, as the "carinal" artery. Postmortem injections of india ink (9 sheep) and Batson's solution (4 sheep) into the carinal artery showed that the carinal artery supplied the bronchi of all lobes except the right apical lobe; the mass of the lung containing bronchi perfused represented 88 +/- 1% of total lung mass. Communications were also found between branches of the carinal artery and branches of the systemic arteries supplying the visceral pleura. In three of six sheep, the carinal artery wedge pressure measured in vivo indicated that patent collaterals were present, but that their incidence is variable. In additional postmortem casts of the aorta made in four sheep after ligation of the carinal artery, the bronchial microcirculation was not entered by the perfusing medium. These data indicate that the collaterals do not contribute significantly to bronchial blood flow and that the carinal artery is the major source of bronchial blood flow in the sheep. In 19 sheep, carinal artery flow, measured electromagnetically, was 0.46 +2- 0.09 ml . min-1 . kg body wt-1. Bronchial blood flow normalized for the weight of the lobes in which bronchi perfused by the carinal artery were located was 3.97 +/- 0.48 ml . min-1 . 100 g lung-1 (n = 11); carinal artery blood flow was 0.39 +/- 0.03% of cardiac output (n = 5). During the 90 min of observation, at normal aortic blood pressure (103 +/- 3.4 Torr), carinal artery blood flow was stable. In conclusion, determination of carinal artery blood flow affords a reliable approach to the bronchial circulation in the sheep. PMID- 7118642 TI - Computerized determination of pneumotachometer characteristics using a calibrated syringe. AB - A computerized method has been developed to determine the conductance characteristics of pneumotachometers. Conductance values of the flowmeter, which correspond to all pressure values, can be determined by a weighted averaging technique, when multiple strokes of a precision 3-liter calibrated syringe are used. The conductance values then allow the measured differential pressures to be converted, point by point, into flows. The accuracy of measured volumes is within +/- 0.5% for a 100-stroke calibration process, and calibration with 50 strokes provides +/- 1% accuracy. The method improves the accuracy of the on-line measurements of ventilation. O2 consumption, and CO2 production during exercise. PMID- 7118643 TI - An electromagnetic valve for rebreathing exercise studies. AB - An electromagnetic valve for use in exercise rebreathing studies is described. This valve enables the investigator to connect a rebreathing system immediately after the onset of inspiration even at high breathing frequencies. The rapid switching causes minimal leakage; the rebreathing bag can be washed out and refilled without disconnection during exercise testing. For one year this valve has been used in measurements of functional residual capacity and diffusing capacity during exercise in volunteers as well as in patients. PMID- 7118644 TI - Measurement of gas viscosity with a Fleisch pneumotachograph. AB - A simple rapid method of measuring gas viscosity using a standard Fleisch pneumotachograph and a 3-liter hand-driven syringe is described. Comparison of pneumotachographic and predicted viscosity of five pure gases (CO2, N2, He, O2, and Ar), two binary mixtures (He-O2 and N2-O2), and one quaternary mixture (He air) gave an overall coefficient of correlation of 0.987 and an accuracy of better than 1.7%. Our data show the well-known marked curvilinear relationship between viscosity and the concentration of helium in air and oxygen mixtures. These studies indicate that a Fleisch pneumotachograph can be used as a simple accurate gas viscometer to characterize gas mixtures in terms of viscosity. PMID- 7118645 TI - Measurement of dead space ventilation. PMID- 7118647 TI - Determination of ventilatory pattern in REM sleep in normal infants. AB - Using methods that we devised for detecting and counting eye movements on the electrooculogram (EOG), we studied tidal volume (VT) and total respiratory cycle time (Ttot) as a function of the frequency of rapid eye movements (REM) during REM sleep in nine normal infants at 1 mo of age. In each of the nine infants, the mean VT and mean Ttot decreased with increasing frequency of eye movements. Instantaneous minute ventilation (VT/Ttot or V), however, did not change with the frequency of eye movements. In addition, there was no consistent change in the variability of VT, Ttot, or V when studied as a function of the frequency of eye movements. Our data support the notion that the ventilatory pattern in REM sleep depends in part on mechanisms that are inherent to REM sleep. PMID- 7118646 TI - Action of costal and crural parts of the diaphragm on the rib cage in dog. AB - We studied the action of the costal and crural (vertebral) parts of the diaphragm on the lower rib cage in normal supine dogs. The two parts of the diaphragm were separately stimulated by electrodes directly implanted in the muscle or via the different phrenic nerve roots in the neck. The results of the experiments indicate the following. 1) The costal and crural parts of the diaphragm have a different segmental innervation and a different mechanical action on the rib cage. 2) The costal diaphragm expands the lower rib cage when it contracts. This rib-cage expansion is due mostly to the fulcrum of the abdominal contents and partly to the rise in abdominal pressure that takes place during diaphragmatic contraction. The pericardial attachments play no role in this action of the diaphragm. 3) The action of the crural diaphragm on the lower rib cage depends only on the balance between the inspiratory force exerted by the rise in abdominal pressure and the expiratory force exerted by the fall in pleural pressure. In the intact animal at functional residual capacity, these two opposite effects cancel each other. 4) The inflationary action of both parts on the rib cage decreases progressively as lung volume increases. The findings also suggest that the rise in abdominal pressure which occurs when the diaphragm contracts expands the lower rib cage by acting through the area of apposition of the diaphragm to the rib cage. These findings also strengthen the idea that the diaphragm actually consists of two muscles. PMID- 7118648 TI - Respiratory system compliance as seen from the cardiac fossa. AB - Changes in cardiac size and shape should impose stresses on the surrounding lung and chest wall. To examine pressure-volume relationships of the cardiac fossa we measured pressures required to increase the pericardial volume of freshly killed dogs at different levels of lung inflation, first by expanding the pericardium uniformly and then by expanding only the left ventricle. In both cases we obtained linear pressure-volume relationships, the slopes of which expressed an apparent compliance. Compliance decreased as lung volumes were increased by raising end-expiratory pressure, and compliance with symmetrical pericardial filling exceeded that with asymmetrical (left ventricular) distension. These compliances were compared with the total respiratory system compliance measured during tidal ventilation, and we found that the compliance of the cardiac fossa was significantly less than would be predicted from lung and chest wall compliances as classically measured. We concluded that the respiratory system imposes a finite compliance load on cardiac filling that raises local epicardial pressure above ambient pleural pressure. This respiratory system load depends upon lung volume and the cardiac shape change. PMID- 7118649 TI - Changes in collateral ventilation with increased vascular pressure and edema formation. AB - To test the hypothesis that development of hemodynamic edema results in decreased collateral ventilation, we rapidly volume-expanded anesthetized dogs with volumes equivalent to 10 (n = 5) and 15% (n = 5) of body weight. We measured collateral resistance (Rcoll), pulmonary arterial pressure, and left ventricular end diastolic pressure before, during, and for 1-2 h after the infusion. Lungs were subsequently processed for microscopic examination and measurement of extravascular lung water content. During the infusion, Rcoll increased modestly independent of the fluid-infusion rate or the rate of increase in vascular pressures. After the infusion, Rcoll continued to increase to maximum levels 2-33 times base line even though pressures decreased dramatically. At the end of the experiment, Rcoll returned to base line in one dog and was 3-15 times base line in the other dogs. These changes bore no relationship to the severity of edema formation. Until alveolar flooding occurs, accumulation of lung interstitial fluid and changes in collateral ventilation appear to be coincident events rather than causally related variables. PMID- 7118650 TI - Oxygen affinity and Bohr coefficients of dog blood. AB - Complete dynamic oxygen equilibrium curves (O2EC) on dog whole blood were measured at 25 and 39 degrees C using a spectrophotometric micro blood film technique. O2EC were run at three CO2 levels (2, 4, and 8%) for each of three base excess levels (-10, 0, +10 meq/l). The standard curve (ph 7.4) was determined for saturations 0-0.98. At 39 degrees C the standard curve O2 pressure at half-saturation (P50) was 31.5 Torr; fixed-acid Bohr factor, -0.488; CO2 Bohr factor, -0.498; delta log P50/delta log PCO2, -0.0045. CO2 Bohr slope was linear over the pH range of 7-8. Bohr factors were not significantly saturation dependent. At 25 degrees C P50 was 15.4 Torr and CO2 Bohr factor, -0.647. The temperature coefficient (delta log P50/delta T) equaled 0.022. Dog O2EC were shown with curve-fitting techniques to be isomorphic with human blood O2EC. The absence of significant oxylabile carbamate formation in dog red blood cells (RBC) was attributed to high 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) concentrations, 6.23 mM/l RBC, equal to a DPG/Hb4 ratio of 1.12. A simple two-constant equation S = [(37,900)/(P3 + 205P) + 1]-1, where S is saturation and P is oxygen tension, was found to fit the dog 39 degrees C standard curve. PMID- 7118651 TI - Differential liquid and protein clearance from the alveoli of anesthetized sheep. AB - We determined the clearance rates of 50 ml of isosmotic fluids from the lungs of anesthetized, ventilated sheep with lung lymph fistulas. The removal of the liquid volume followed a monoexponential process over 4 h for both Ringer lactate [half time (t 1/2) = 3 h] and autologous serum (t 1/2 = 6 h). Lymph flow did not increase with Ringer lactate, indicating that the alveolar fluid was cleared via the circulation. With serum, however, lymph flow increased 40%. In both groups the lymph-to-plasma protein concentration ratio fell slightly. Using protein tracers in the alveolar instillate, we found that less than 2% of the protein entered the lymph and plasma. Almost all of the protein remained in the air spaces and was concentrated in proportion to the amount of liquid volume that was cleared. Clearance of liquid volume from alveoli to interstitium could be due to subatmospheric interstitial fluid pressure or to active metabolic processes that cause small molecules to leave the alveolar fluid, or both. The results of the serum experiments tend to favor a metabolic process, but passive mechanisms are possible. The difference in lymph flow response between the two fluids must be due to the protein in the alveolar fluid. We believe Ringer lactate dilutes the alveolar wall interstitial protein concentration thereby decreasing local filtration, whereas serum concentrates alveolar wall interstitial fluids proteins thereby increasing local filtration. PMID- 7118652 TI - Altitude-induced changes in plasma thyroxine, 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine, and thyrotropin in rats. AB - We have studied the thyroid function of high-altitude-acclimated (6,900 m for 5 wk) and nonaltitude-acclimated control (198 m) rats. After 5 wk of high-altitude exposure the plasma concentrations of both thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) were lower than those in control rats (4.7 +/- 0.3 vs. 3.3 +/- 0.2 microgram/dl and 96 +/- 5 vs. 74 +/- 6 ng/dl, respectively). The plasma thyrotropin (TSH) concentration was elevated in the high-altitude-acclimated rats compared with controls (52 +/- 4 vs. 29 +/- 3 micrograms/dl, respectively). Gross anatomical (thyroid wt/body wt) and histological observations of thyroid tissue were consistent with elevated plasma TSH concentrations. These results suggest that the fall in the plasma concentrations of T4 and T3 during acclimation to severe hypoxia is due to a primary block of thyroid secretion and not to a fall in plasma TSH levels. PMID- 7118653 TI - Pulmonary interstitial compliance: a function of the osmotic constituents of the interstitium. AB - We have attempted to dehydrate the lung interstitium to determine the nature of forces holding water in that compartment. We administered furosemide with and without bovine albumin intravenously to rabbits (n = 21) 18-24 h before they were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. Renal pedicels were ligated and 51Cr labeled EDTA was injected to estimate lung interstitial water volume. After a period of equilibration the thorax was rapidly opened, and left atrial pressure was measured by direct puncture. 125I-labeled albumin was injected to label the lung vascular volume, and the rabbits were killed 3 min later. Lungs were removed and drained of blood, and extravascular water volume, interstitial volume, and dry weight were determined. Results from these rabbits were compared with a group of normal (n = 4) and overhydrated (n = 6) rabbits. We have found that lung interstitial water is removed in proportion to the change in intravascular forces. We estimate interstitial compliance to be 1.76% cmH2O-1. Our results are compatible with the hypothesis that removal of water is opposed by an increase in interstitial colloid osmotic pressure and not by a fall of hydrostatic pressure. This implies that in the normally hydrated state interstitial hydrostatic pressure is ambient. PMID- 7118654 TI - Oral contraceptives and fibrinolysis among female cyclists before and after exercise. AB - The effect of oral contraceptives on a number of plasma fibrinolytic variables and antithrombin III was studied in 20 highly trained women before and immediately after exhaustive exercise on a bicycle ergometer. Two groups were studied, 11 women using an oral contraceptive agent (OCA group) and 9 women not using an oral contraceptive (control group). Factor XII, prekallikrein, plasminogen, alpha 2-antiplasmin, and antithrombin III activities were determined in plasma as well as a number of cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic components. Resting values showed a significantly higher level of prekallikrein and plasminogen in the OCA group compared with the control group. Exercise plasma values of components of the fibrinolytic system were significantly higher than resting values in both groups. However, when corrected for plasma volume changes, the exercise levels of prekallikrein and antithrombin III were significantly decreased in the OCA group only, whereas alpha 2-antiplasmin exercise level was significantly lower in both groups. Our results indicate that use of OCA even with an estrogen dosage as low as 30 micrograms has an effect on resting and exercise fibrinolytic variables; an effect, however, which does not seem to interfere with maximal performance in trained women. PMID- 7118655 TI - Hindlimb immobilization: length-tension and contractile properties of skeletal muscle. AB - The effect of hindlimb immobilization (IM) on the contractile properties of fast and slow skeletal muscle was studied in rats following various periods of IM ranging from 1 to 42 days; muscle atrophy, muscle, fiber, and sarcomere length, and the length-tension characteristics were determined after 42 days of IM. The slow-twitch soleus (SOL), the fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and the fast-twitch superficial region of the vastus lateralis (SVL) all showed rapid atrophy following the onset of IM, reaching a new reduced steady-state weight by day 21. After 42 days of IM the passive tension (g) and active twitch tension (g/cm2) plotted vs. muscle length (cm) were shifted to the left for the slow twitch SOL, indicating a decreased extensibility compared with control muscles. The peak tetanic tension of the slow SOL declined to 47% of the control level of 2,893 +/- 125 g/cm2, whereas the fast EDL maintained 72% of its initial force of 4,392 +/- 229 g/cm2, and the fast SVL was unaltered by IM. Peak twitch tension and peak rate of tension development and decline fell rapidly in the slow SOL while remaining relatively unaltered in the fast-twitch muscles. Surprisingly, maximal isotonic shortening velocity was elevated in both fast and slow muscles with IM. These results indicate that IM produces muscle atrophy in fast as well as slow skeletal muscle and, in addition, causes fiber type-specific changes in the contractile properties. PMID- 7118656 TI - Response to external inspiratory resistive loading and bronchospasm in anesthetized dogs. AB - Mouth occlusion pressure (P0.1) and breathing-pattern responses to external inspiratory resistive loading and methacholine chloride-induced bronchospasm were assessed in six dogs under pentobarbital sodium anesthesia. There was no change in P0.1 with external loading, but, in response to bronchospasm, we observed a P0.1 increase proportional to the change in lung resistance. These results indicate that, unlike external loading, the ventilatory-drive adaptation to bronchospasm does not require consciousness of the animal. The breathing-pattern response to bronchospasm consisted of tachypnea associated with decreased tidal volume (VT), decreased inspiratory duration (TI), and unchanged mean inspiratory flow (VT/TI). In response to resistive loading there was no tachypnea, VT decreased, TI was unchanged, and VT/TI decreased. We suggest that in response to resistive loading there was no modification of vagal activity, whereas in bronchospasm there was an increase of vagal activity, which was responsible for the changes in breathing pattern and, at least in part, for the changes in P0.1. PMID- 7118657 TI - Regional distribution of ventilation at residual volume in induced bronchospasm. AB - The regional distribution of a bolus of gas inhaled at residual volume (RV) is attributed to regional airway closure and is responsible for the phase IV of the single-breath washout during the following deflation. As bronchospasm increases the range of airway opening pressures through the lung, the regional distribution of the bolus could change with effects on the shape of the single-breath washout. We investigated the regional distribution of boluses inhaled at RV and their single-breath washouts during methacholine-induced bronchospasm in prone dogs. With increasing total lung resistance (RL) we first observed in five out of eight animals a preferential "redistribution" of the bolus to the upper caudal regions of the lung, which could be partially attributed to the increased lung volume at RV. When maximal RL was attained, the bolus was evenly distributed through all regions of the lung in these animals with disappearance of phase IV and increased slope of phase III, and a final decrease of tracer concentration at low lung volumes was observed. We conclude from these data that increased bronchomotor tone in dogs results in a less homogeneous intraregional distribution of the bolus with increased slope of phase III and in a more even interregional distribution leading to disappearance of phase IV. In severe bronchospasm the downward slope at low lung volume suggests intraregional closed lung units emptying through collateral pathways into still open neighboring units. PMID- 7118658 TI - Chest wall mechanics in dogs with acute diaphragm paralysis. AB - To investigate the action of the inspiratory intercostals, we studied the patterns of rib cage and abdominal motion during tidal breathing in eight dogs before and after bilateral phrenicotomy. Hooks screwed into the sternum and the ribs were used to monitor the anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the rib cage and the axial displacements of the sternum and the ribs. In all animals, we found that during tidal inspirations performed with the inspiratory intercostals alone, 1) the rib cage moved outward while the abdomen moved inward; 2) the rib cage was displaced near its relaxation curve (defined by a plot of its transverse vs. anteroposterior diameter) but expanded more in its transverse than in its anteroposterior dimension; and 3) the ribs in the midaxillary line moved cephalad, whereas the sternum was displaced caudally. Additional experiments performed on four dogs demonstrated that contraction of the parasternal intercostals was responsible for the inspiratory caudal displacement of the sternum. These findings indicate that in the dog, 1) the inspiratory intercostals act essentially on the lateral walls of the rib cage, and 2) those of the parasternal area produce a caudal displacement of the sternum. In addition, they suggest strongly that the axial displacement of the sternum constitutes an additional degree of freedom of motion of the rib cage and that contraction of the neck accessory muscles is mandatory for the sternum to be displaced in a cephalad direction during inspiration. PMID- 7118659 TI - Effect of warm-up on left ventricular response to sudden strenuous exercise. AB - Sudden strenuous exercise (SSE) has been shown to produce ischemic electrocardiographic (ECG) responses, abnormalities of myocardial blood flow, and decreases in left ventricular ejection fraction. Prior exercise taken as warm-up has been shown to ameliorate the ECG and myocardial blood flow abnormalities induced by SSE. The purpose of this study was to determine whether warm-up would normalize the responses of the left ventricular ejection fraction to SSE. Twenty healthy male volunteers performed SSE (400-W bicycle exercise) either with (group A, n = 10) or without (group B, n = 10) warm-up. Ejection fraction was measured using first-pass radionuclide angiography under control conditions and during SSE. During SSE ejection fraction decreased from control values in both group A (70.5 +/- 6.3 to 64.8 +/- 8.2%) and group B (70.3 +/- 10.1 to 57.7 +/- 7.7%), although ejection fraction was significantly higher during SSE in group A. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the abnormal responses to SSE are attributable to subendocardial ischemia secondary to a delay in autoregulation of myocardial blood flow. However, the decrease in ejection fraction during SSE even following warm-up suggests that the mechanism for the abnormal response to SSE is more complicated than previously hypothesized. PMID- 7118660 TI - Parenteral vs. inhaled atropine: density dependence of maximal expiratory flow. AB - Using forced vital capacity maneuvers, we measured maximal expiratory flow rates (Vmax) and static elastic recoil pressures of the lung [Pst(L)] using quasi static maneuvers in normal nonsmoking human subjects who were breathing air and after a washing of 80% helium-20% oxygen before and after both inhaled and intravenously administered atropine sulfate. By both routes there were equivalent increases in Vmaxair but different effects on density dependence (DD) of Vmax (DD = ratio of VmaxHeO2 to Vmaxair) and on Pst(L). At 30% of vital capacity, DD decreased from an average of 1.47 to 1.32 (P less than 0.01, paired t test) after inhaled drug and did not change after parenteral administration [1.44 vs. 1.48 (P greater than 0.2)]. After inhalation Pst(L) did not change, but after parenteral administration Pst(L) significantly decreased. We interpret these findings to indicate a predominantly large-airway effect with the inhalation route and a more uniform dilatation after the parenteral dose. These results contrast with beta adrenergic dilatation following which small-airway effects predominate regardless of route of administration. PMID- 7118661 TI - Density dependence of maximum expiratory flow in the dog. AB - Airway lateral and impaction pressures were measured during expiratory flow limitation in six anesthetized, vagotomized, tracheally intubated, open-chest dogs with the lungs filled with air or a mixture of 80% helium-20% oxygen (HeO2). Pressures were measured in the vicinity of equal pressure points (EPP) and choke points (CP). Maximum flow (Vmax) was ensured by demonstrating no increase in flow with a 50% increase of driving pressure. At 50% vital capacity, mean density dependence (VmaxHeO2/Vmaxair) was 1.58, which was less than 1.69 predicted for fully density-dependent flow. Transmural pressure and airway area at CP and EPP (located on air) were significantly less with HeO2 than with air. Frictional losses between the alveoli and CP were 40% greater with HeO2 than with air. These enhanced losses were mostly peripheral to the EPP. Frictional loss upstream from the EPP was 47% of the total pressure loss on air and increased to 70% on HeO2. The data at 50% VC suggest that these higher frictional losses with HeO2 resulted in decreased density dependence of Vmax due to different pressure distribution along the airway with a lower transmural pressure and smaller area at the CP. PMID- 7118662 TI - Force-length relationship of the normal human diaphragm. AB - To characterize the in vivo force-length relation of the human diaphragm, we related pressures during static inspiratory efforts (Pmus and Pdi, respiratory muscle and transdiaphragmatic pressures, respectively) to diaphragm lengths measured on chest X rays from 22 normal subjects. At total lung capacity, the intersection of diaphragm and chest wall contours corresponds to the anatomic junction of diaphragm and chest wall. This point is located by skeletal landmarks to reveal the entire diaphragm contour on films taken at lower lung volumes. To validate the X-ray measurements, corresponding diameters were measured on 32 normal diaphragms at necropsy. After correction for height and diaphragm position, in vivo and necropsy length estimates along the coronal section agreed within 9%. The diaphragm length-lung volume relation is curvilinear, with length increasing primarily in the portion of the diaphragm apposed to the chest wall. As length increases, Pmus and Pdi rise sharply then plateau, generally conforming to force-length behavior of isolated muscle. However, absence of a Pdi peak at presumed diaphragm resting length suggests that Pdi is submaximal during voluntary inspiratory effort. PMID- 7118663 TI - Left atrial pressure elevation recreates the altered lung lymph flow of seizures. AB - We compared the effects of elevated left atrial pressure of central nervous system origin (bicuculline-induced seizures) with an identical pulmonary vascular pressure elevation induced in six sheep by inflation of a balloon in the left atrium. The degree and duration of the consequent elevation in pulmonary lymph flow and the alteration in protein movement in the two groups was identical. Alterations in pulmonary fluid and protein flux resulting from generalized seizures can be explained by the pressor response alone; specific brain-lung neural interactions need not be postulated. PMID- 7118664 TI - Metabolic and cardiovascular adaptations in trained hypophysectomized rats. AB - Metabolic and cardiovascular changes resulting from acute and chronic exercise were examined in male Sprague-Dawley rats assigned to sham-control or hypophysectomized groups. Two weeks after surgery, the hypophysectomized rats had decreased their maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) and heart rate values by 4 ml X min-1 X kg-1 and 142 beats X min-1, respectively. Twenty weeks later, hypophysectomy was associated with a 22 ml X min-1 X kg-1 decrease in VO2 max and a 215 beat X min-1 decline in their maximal heart rates when compared with sham control means. Endurance training was responsible for the significantly higher O2 consumption values. Additionally, trained animals exhibited longer run times, higher muscle cytochrome oxidase activity, and reduced food consumption. Measurements of right atrial choline acetyltransferase (CAT) activity and [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) binding revealed significantly higher CAT values and fewer muscarinic receptors. However, training had no significant effect on resting blood pressure, blood pressure changes with conditions of lower body negative pressure, muscle glycogen concentrations, CAT levels and QNB binding of the left atrium and ventricular regions, or receptor density. These results indicated that many of the adaptations that are characteristic of normal populations can occur in the absence of the hormones from the pituitary gland. PMID- 7118665 TI - Chemical specificity of a laryngeal apneic reflex in puppies. AB - In neonatal mammals the introduction of water and some other fluids into the larynx causes prolonged reflex apnea by stimulation of afferents in the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN). We have studied the chemical specificity of this reflex in 1- to 9-day-old anesthetized puppies. The laryngeal lumen was perfused with a variety of substances while ventilation through a tracheal cannula was recorded. Water consistently elicited apnea, which was terminated by 150 mM NaCl. Sucrose and urea solutions (100-500 mM) also elicited apnea, suggesting that osmolarity is not a critical factor. Phosphate buffer solutions containing NaCl and ranging in pH from 4.5 to 8.7 did not elicit apnea nor did cation substitutions in 150 mM chloride salts, with the exception of K+. Anion substitutions in 150 mM sodium salts indicated that anions of relatively large hydrated size (F-, acetate, formate, gluconate, tartrate, SO2-4, diatrizoate, IO-3, BrO-3, H2PO-4, HCO-3, borate, CO2-3) do induce apnea, whereas small anions (NO-3, ClO-3, SCN-, I-, Br-) similar to Cl- in size do not. Large anion salts and the nonelectrolytes sucrose, urea, and milk ceased to be effective stimuli in the presence of Cl- in concentrations of 80 or more meq/l. The principal stimulus for this apneic reflex is thus the absence or reduced concentration of Cl- (or small anions that can functionally replace Cl-) in the laryngeal fluid. Single fibers in the SLN were responsive to all the substances found capable of eliciting apnea and unresponsive to those not capable of doing so. PMID- 7118666 TI - Relationship between muscle QO2 and fatigue during repeated isokinetic contractions. AB - The percent slow-twitch fibers (%ST) of the vastus lateralis muscle and selected indicators of maximum aerobic power (QO2, VO2 max, and leg extensor VO2 max) were compared with the rate of fatigue development during 45 s of repeated maximum isokinetic leg extension-flexion contractions (180 degrees/s) on 13 males. Subjects with muscle respiratory capacities (QO2) above the mean (2,472 microliter O2 X h-1 X g-1) displayed a significantly slower rate of fatigue development than those subjects with QO2 values below the mean. In addition, indicators of maximum aerobic power were correlated with the percent of maximum power and power/ml fat-free thigh volume at 5, 15, 30, and 45 s during the fatigue test. The correlations increased progressively during the fatigue test and became significant at 45 s. This trend was not observed when the %ST fibers were compared with the percent of maximum power and power/ml fat-free thigh volume at these time intervals. These data suggest that 1) the muscle tissue's capacity for aerobic metabolism influences the rate of fatigue development even during a strenuous short-term isokinetic exercise task, and 2) factors other than fiber type may interact to confound the prediction of fiber type by noninvasive means. PMID- 7118667 TI - Protection from O2 toxicity by preexposure to hypoxia: lung antioxidant enzyme role. AB - Adult rats preexposed to 10% O2 for 3 days had marked tolerance to hyperoxia induced lung damage and lethality. The survival of preexposed vs. nonpreexposed rats at 72 h of hyperoxic exposure was 62/62 vs. 7/47 (15%), P less than 0.0001; and after 7 days in 96-98% O2, the comparative survival was 31/33 (94%) vs. 1/20 (5%), P less than 0.0005. Hypoxic exposure produced significant elevations in rat lung superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase activities. In contrast, in adult mice and hamsters, no increased lung antioxidant enzyme levels were produced by preexposure to hypoxia and no significant tolerance to high O2 was realized. (Lethal time50 values for hypoxia-preexposed and nonpreexposed mice, 5.2 and 4.4 days, respectively; and for hamsters, 6.4 and 6.1 days, respectively.) Thus the protective effect of hypoxic preexposure is correlated with adaptive changes in lung antioxidant enzyme activity. Evidence in the literature suggests that superoxide anion (O-2) and H2O2 production may increase under hypoxic conditions. Increased cellular concentrations of their normal substrates could stimulate antioxidant enzyme rises during the preexposure period in hypoxia. PMID- 7118668 TI - Effect of induced erythrocythemia on hypoxia tolerance during physical exercise. AB - The effect of induced erythrocythemia on hypoxia tolerance during physical exercise was determined for five male mountain climbers. Treadmill testing was performed under four conditions: 1) prereinfusion, normoxia (Pre-N); 2) prereinfusion, hypoxia (Pre-H); 3) postreinfusion, normoxia (Post-N); and 4) postreinfusion, hypoxia (Post-H). An altitude of 3,566.2 m was simulated by having subjects breath a gas mixture of 13.5% O2-86.5% N2 at normal barometric pressure. Tests were administered immediately before and 24 h after autologous transfusion of 750 ml of red blood cells. Hematocrit increased from 43.3% at prereinfusion to 54.8% at postreinfusion. Hemoglobin concentration increased from 13.80 g X 100 ml-1 at prereinfusion to 17.63 g X 100 ml-1 at postreinfusion. Maximal O2 uptake (VO2 max, 1 X min-1) increased (P less than 0.05) by 12.8% (3.28 to 3.70) from Pre-N to Post-N and 13.0% (2.62 to 2.96) from Pre-H to Post H. Treadmill performance time (s) increased (P less than 0.05) by 15.8% (793 to 918) from Pre-N to Post-N and 8.9% (687 to 748) from Pre-H to Post-H. VO2 max decreased by 20.1% from Pre-N to Pre-H and by 9.8% from Pre-N to Post-H. Treadmill time decreased by 13.4% from Pre-N to Pre-H and 5.7% from Pre-N to Post H. The calculated change in hypoxia tolerance following reinfusion indicated that physiological altitude was improved by 463.6 m. It was concluded that induced erythrocythemia increased hypoxia tolerance during physical exercise. PMID- 7118669 TI - Effect of gaseous interaction between lung units on the expired concentration of nitrogen. AB - There is debate over the mechanisms that produce the alveolar slope, with theories relating to both series and parallel inhomogeneity being proposed. We use a mathematical model of pulmonary gas transport, which incorporates both series and parallel effects, to investigate the relevance of each in the production of this alveolar slope. Interaction between lung units is specifically studied by simulating mixing at both proximal- and distal-branch points in the bronchial tree. During expiration mixing of the gas from inhomogeneous parallel lung units leads to concentration gradients within each unit. The resultant effect on the concentration of the expirate depends on the position in the bronchial tree at which this mixing takes place; proximal interaction alters the initial phase of the expired concentration profile, whereas distal interaction changes the magnitude of the alveolar slope. The net effect of distal interaction is to produce a greater alveolar slope for gases with low molecular diffusivity. These effects are present even in the absence of asynchronous emptying of lung units but may be enhanced by it. These results help to clarify controversies about the mechanisms underlying production of the alveolar slope. PMID- 7118670 TI - CO concentration-dependent changes in pulmonary diffusing capacity in humans. AB - Steady-state CO pulmonary diffusing capacity (DLCO) was measured at different inspired CO concentrations in seven males and one female during light treadmill exercise. As the CO level is increased. DLCO increases, reaches a maximum at an end-tidal CO concentration of approximately 100 ppm, and then decreases. The maximum DLCO is up to twice as large as the DLCO measured at an inspired CO concentration of approximately 1,780 ppm. These results are consistent with the presence of saturation kinetics, one of the basic properties of carrier-mediated transport systems. A similar relationship between DLCO and CO concentration was found in previous studies of mechanically ventilated dogs. Thus there is evidence for carrier-mediated transport of CO in the lungs of both humans and dogs. PMID- 7118672 TI - Electron microscopy of rapidly frozen lungs: evaluation on the basis of standard criteria. AB - In recent years there has been a debate about the validity of the various methods for fixing lung tissue for electron microscopy in a state that faithfully reflects the physiological conditions prevailing at the time of fixation. Mazzone et al. (J. Appl. Physiol.: Respirat. Environ. Exercise Physiol. 45: 325-333, 1978) introduced a method of rapid freezing followed by freeze-substitution fixation and found good preservation of fine structure; they claimed this method to be superior to others because it allowed careful control of physiological conditions. We have tested the suitability of this method for morphometric studies, where random sampling requires homogeneity of tissue preservation. The results are discussed on the basis of some standard criteria for the faithfulness of structural preservation. In terms of external standards, it was confirmed that one can find parts of the lung tissue samples to show a picture that is compatible with the established equivalent image of eucaryotic cells and tissues; however, the structure of blood was poorly preserved. In terms of the internal standards the method was found to yield inconsistent results; the specimens showed a wide spectrum of images of alveolar septa and capillaries, with "good preservation" limited to a very narrow area; furthermore, the method has a low level of reproducibility. We conclude that for the lung the method of freeze substitution fixation is not suitable for morphometric work. PMID- 7118671 TI - Pulmonary microcirculation: tubules rather than sheet and post. AB - We examined latex casts of the pulmonary microcirculation with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Mature rats were anesthetized and ventilated; the pulmonary vasculature was washed out with lactated Ringer solution and then filled with a mixture of Geon latexes. The airways were filled with glutaraldehyde with resulting transmural vascular pressures of 10 cmH2O. After critical-point drying and corrosive removal of the lung tissue, SEM studies of the vascular replicas revealed two distinct patterns of pulmonary microcirculation: 1) sparse, long, tubular capillaries that comprise the thin subpleural layer and appear as "filler" in the peribronchial spaces; and 2) alveolar microcirculation that is composed of tightly matted, intersecting tubules, shorter but of the same diameter as type 1, in spherical array in two layers. The alveolar capillaries at low magnification appear superficially as sheets; however, the detailed morphology is not consistent with the sheet-and post model. We conclude that the basic component of the pulmonary microcirculation is tubular and not different from other capillary beds except in density. PMID- 7118673 TI - Health-related behavior in Israel adolescents. AB - Eight hundred and four high school students were interviewed about selected health-related behaviors in an effort to determine the interrelationships of these characteristics. We found the age of onset and present use of cigarettes by the adolescents to be positively correlated to their use of hashish and having sexual intercourse. The use of hashish and having sexual intercourse were also positively related with each other and the use of hashish to drinking alcohol. PMID- 7118674 TI - Selected family planning and general health profiles in a teen health clinic. AB - To assess client utilization trends, selected characteristics including some aspects of family planning behavior of adolescent families were examined during the first two years of a Teen Health Clinic's operation. The majority of the girls attending the clinic were 16 years and under, nulliparous, and still living with one or more of their parents. While birth control services were the primary motivation for attendance, 25% of the girls came for a general health examination, information or counseling. Potentially significant problems, including venereal diseases, were found in 20% of the patients. Reproductive health trends and their implication for improving health care delivery and family planning for teenagers are discussed. PMID- 7118675 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus: important considerations in the adolescent. AB - Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) may be particularly devastating to the adolescent female because of the marked changes in appearance which may result from the disease and by its treatment. Attention is drawn to the potential of the patient manipulating her medications in response to these changes. Other special considerations include the unique side-effects of corticosteroid and antimalarial drugs, the need to distinguish psychological reactions to SLE from true organic involvement and an added risk for a flare of disease activity in the sexually active patient. A case of a teenage female with SLE is used to illustrate some of the management problems which may be encountered. PMID- 7118676 TI - Adolescent sexual offense behavior: the role of the physician. AB - This article explores the more common adolescent sexual behavior problems that have legal ramifications, and the role of the physician in approaching such problems. Various presenting sexual offense behaviors are described, as well as the implications for the patient as offender, and finally the parental and physician attitudes necessary to facilitate successful treatment outcomes. Intervention approaches are discussed, and two cases are presented from a group of 83 adolescent male sexual offenders referred to our Juvenile Sexual Offender Project. The discussion and cases illustrate abnormal sexual behaviors which may come to the attention of physicians and other health care professionals. PMID- 7118677 TI - Bereavement--an etiologic factor in peptic ulcer in childhood and adolescence? AB - Bereavement in childhood and adolescence is a relatively common experience. This case report and two studies suggest that the ulcer-prone adolescent may develop clinically significant symptoms under the stress of adapting to a recent loss of a loved one. PMID- 7118678 TI - Mullerian duct agenesis and other congenital anomalies. AB - The Rokitansky anomalad, although a rare disorder, ranks second as a cause of primary amenorrhea in adolescents. This patient presented with a congenital absence of the vagina and uterus and other associated minor abnormalities. She had primary amenorrhea and asynchronic pubertal development. The syndrome appears to be related to a defect in the paramesonephric ducts with frequent involvement of adjacent structures. This report reviews the syndrome and emphasizes the importance of the chronological sequence of events during female sexual development. PMID- 7118679 TI - Teenage pregnancy and parenthood: outcomes for mother and child. AB - This study reports some general health and related outcomes for all women ages 14, 15, and 16 and their children delivered at our hospital in 1976. These outcomes are contrasted with 100 women ages 20-30 years and their children born the same year. Data were collected by retrospective chart review. For the teenage group, 70% were unmarried, most of the fathers were 4-5 years older than the teenaged mother, most teen mothers were living with their parents, and all had incomes in the poverty range. A comparison of black and white teenaged mothers showed that: (1) 14-15-year-old blacks had proportionally more pregnancies than whites, (2) the first prenatal visit was later for blacks, and (3) children of the white teenagers had more acute illness visits during the 2-yr follow up. When the age of the teenage mother is considered, the 1-min Apgar scores for the children of 14-year olds were lower and the school drop out rate was higher with increasing maternal age. In comparing the teen to the 20-30-year-old group, the only finding was higher complication rate for pregnancy and delivery for the teen group. The physical growth of all children was normal. These results must be interpreted with caution, because of missing data for some variables; however, this data should be of some use in planning future research and intervention programs. PMID- 7118680 TI - Self-detection of a breast mass in adolescent females. AB - The frequency of self-discovered breast masses in adolescent females has not previously been described. The histologic diagnosis rather than the means of detection has been the focus of previous surveys. Seven characteristics of 95 patients admitted from 1968-1979 for the evaluation of a breast mass were delineated. The mean age at hospitalization was 15.9 years (range 12-20). The delay from detection to hospitalization was 7.2 months (range 0.5-72). In 77 cases the mass was detected by the patient; 11 were found during a physician examination, 4 by a family member, and 3 by an unrecorded source. Diagnoses were fibroadenoma (71), abscess (11), cyst (9), lipoma (2), and cystosarcoma phyllodes (2). The median length of the masses was 2.6 cm, width 2.3 cm, with a median mass area (diameter x length) of 6 cm2. When patients were compared for age, delay in hospitalization, means of detection, family history, and mass size, the girls with abscesses were younger and had a shorter time delay before hospitalization. Self-discovery was the means of detection in 77 of 95 (81%). The means of detection is an important factor to consider in weighing the merits of teaching breast self-examination procedures to adolescent females. PMID- 7118682 TI - A simplified method for recording basal body temperature. AB - The present study was undertaken to evaluate thermocrystalography as a means of simplifying the recording of basal body temperature (BBT) for the purpose of determining the time of ovulation. Accordingly, BBT, as recorded by disposable oral thermocrystal thermometers manufactured for fever detection, was compared with that obtained by a conventional rectal glass thermometer to establish reliability of the method within the normal temperature range. The readings by both methods were comparable, with a nonsignificant difference between 109 readings when analyzed by a paired t test. A biphasic curve was easily discernable in each of the eight cycles monitored. The use of disposal thermocrystal thermometers provides an alternative to the conventional method of BBT determination, which is faster, easier to read, and potentially more acceptable because of its oral use. PMID- 7118681 TI - The teen-tot clinic: an alternative to traditional care for infants of teenaged mothers. AB - A comprehensive interdisciplinary clinic was established to provide health care for teenaged mothers less than 16 years old and their infants. Thirty-five mother infants pairs using this clinic were matched with 70 mother-infant pairs who used "traditional" health care facilities. Significant differences in infant outcomes of immunization status at 6 months (91% versus 46% completed), and weight (97% versus 83% within "normal" range) and maternal outcomes of contraceptive use (91% versus 63%), enrollment in educational programs (86% versus 66%), and repeat pregnancy rate (16% versus 38%) were found between Teen-Tot Clinic participants and the control group. Coordination and consolidation of services for teenaged mothers and their infants appears to favorably influence their short-term outcomes. PMID- 7118683 TI - The influence of sex and sex role on the dating attitudes and behavior of Australian youth. AB - The present study was designed to assess the dating attitudes and behaviors of Australian adolescents. The psychosexual and psychoaffectional orientations to dating are considered. The influence of a number of variables was assessed: the stage of dating, biological sex, and sex role of respondents. Subjects were drawn from varied backgrouds to represent the general population. The affectional attitudes and behavior of respondents were influenced by the stage of dating, the sex role, and to a lesser extent, the biological sex. Sex-types individuals were more restricted in their experiences than androgynous respondents until the committed levels of a relationship. The psychosexual and psychoaffectional orientations to dating appear to operate independently allowing both sexes to experience either sexual and affectional behaviors during dating. When assessing dating patterns it appears useful to consider both the sex and sex role of the respondents, as well as their sexual and affectional orientations to dating. Our data suggest that this results in a more valid picture of dating patterns. PMID- 7118684 TI - Solvent abuse associated cortical atrophy. AB - Eleven of 42 toluene inhalers were evaluated with computed tomography scans because of neurologic abnormalities. Six of the 11 were found to have cerebral cortical atrophy. In addition, two of the six had cerebellar atrophy. All six had been exposed to toluene for at least 10 years. This study suggests that atrophy of the central nervous system may occur in chronic toluene abusers. PMID- 7118685 TI - Mothers of adolesent mothers. AB - The attitude of forty-four mothers of adolescent mothers (MAM) were assessed by interview and questionnaire. Most adolescent mothers (AM) and their infants lived with MAM. Thirty-two percent of MAM and sisters of AM had themselves experienced a pregnancy prior to seventeen years of age. The majority of MAM expressed positive feelings about AM and their infants. MAM reported little change in their own life style as a result of their daughter's pregnancy. Most MAM's provided child care and financial assistance for AM, but reported that the AM had primary child care responsibility for the infant. PMID- 7118687 TI - Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism of unknown etiology in a 16-year-old male. PMID- 7118686 TI - Hypnosis as an adjunct therapy for asthma: case report. AB - This study reports the effect of hypnotherapy in an asthmatic. The patient had moderately severe asthma with frequent attacks despite multiple medications. He received four weekly hypnosis sessions, and was then followed bimonthly for a year. The patient's course was followed by subjective daily scoring of wheezing severity, daily recording of peak expiratory flow rate by a Wright minispirometer, and once a month recording of his Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in one second/Forced Rate (MMRF). The severity rating showed improvement at one year when the start of therapy was compared to pretherapy (P less than .005). The daily peak flow rate averaged 486 liter/min before starting hypnotherapy and 502 liter/min after one year. There was no charge in the FEV1/FVC and MMFR before and after therapy. School attendance and academic performance may be a helpful adjunct in asthma therapy during adolescence. PMID- 7118688 TI - Chloramphenicol toxicity in an adolescent. PMID- 7118689 TI - Information preferences of cancer patients ages 11-20 years. AB - This study investigates by written questionnaire the information sources preferred by 63 adolescent cancer patients. Physicians were the most common source. Over half preferred private discussions with a health professional over other formats, and 68% indicated physicians as the health professional of choice. Sixty-eight percent wanted parents included. Only 35% indicated that additional information would be personally helpful, while 42% and 45%, respectively, stated that families and friends should have more information. No relationship between diagnosis or sex and the patients' responses was found. Newly diagnosed patients were less likely to perceive physicians as their main information sources or want additional information. Patients in active illness phases were also less desirous of additional information. Younger patients were more likely to prefer information only from parents, to avoid group discussions, and to negate wanting friends to receive additional information. Hispanics were most likely to want parents to have additional information and to request parental inclusion in discussions. PMID- 7118690 TI - Lung sounds. PMID- 7118691 TI - ECG of the month. PMID- 7118693 TI - Renal amyloidosis in related Abyssinian cats. AB - Renal amyloidosis was diagnosed in 8 related Abyssinian cats. The kidneys were characterized pathologically by medullary interstitial and glomerular amyloid deposition, interstitial fibrosis, and papillary necrosis. Amyloid deposits were birefringent under polarized light after Congo red staining, were thioflavine-T positive, and lost Congo red staining after permanganate oxidation. Four of the cats were evaluated clinically. Two of these cats were terminally uremic, with nonregenerative anemia, azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, metabolic acidosis, mild hyperglycemia, isosthenuria, proteinuria, cylindruria, and mild hematuria. The remaining 2 cats were only moderately azotemic. Three of the cats had severe gingivitis and all 4 cats had hyperproteinemia due to hyperglobulinemia. PMID- 7118692 TI - Coping with government-subsidized veterinary services. PMID- 7118694 TI - Congenital portacaval shunts in two cats: diagnosis and surgical correction. AB - Congenital portacaval shunts causing signs of hepatic encephalopathy were diagnosed and surgically corrected in 2 cats. A tentative diagnosis of portacaval shunt in each case was based on history, results of physical examination, and a high venous ammonia concentration. A definitive diagnosis was established by mesenteric portography and by direct visualization of the shunt vessel during surgery. PMID- 7118696 TI - Flexible carbon fiber for repair of gastrocnemius and superficial digital flexor tendons in a heifer and gastrocnemius tendon in a foal. PMID- 7118697 TI - The role of Mycoplasma in bovine mastitis. PMID- 7118695 TI - Cryptosporidiosis in Idaho lambs: natural and experimental infections. AB - Cryptosporidiosis was diagnosed in lambs of a farm flock and an orphan-lamb rearing operation and in a hospitalized lamb. The clinical course was brief, with mild diarrhea and oocyst shedding during the diarrheic episode. Feces from the hospitalized lamb were used to reproduce the disease. Diarrhea and oocyst shedding occurred in inoculated lambs and their contact twin siblings but not in uninoculated noncontact control lambs or in inoculated ewes. PMID- 7118698 TI - Canine distemper inclusions in the ciliary body--. PMID- 7118699 TI - Hypercalcemia associated with squamous cell carcinoma in a dog--. PMID- 7118700 TI - Serum hyperviscosity syndrome associated with IgG myeloma in a cat--. PMID- 7118701 TI - Surgical repair of dislocated superficial digital flexor tendon in a horse--. PMID- 7118702 TI - Disseminated cavernous hemangioma in a calf--. PMID- 7118703 TI - Employment and income patterns of Illinois male and female veterinary graduates (1970-1980). PMID- 7118704 TI - What is your diagnosis? PMID- 7118705 TI - Potassium and udder edema. PMID- 7118706 TI - Polio and high-sulfate diets. PMID- 7118707 TI - Canine and feline immunization guidelines--1982. PMID- 7118708 TI - Hepatic cirrhosis associated with long-term anticonvulsant drug therapy in dogs. AB - Advanced chronic hepatic disease was observed in 5 dogs that had received anticonvulsant drug therapy for 2 to 3 years. Clinical signs included anorexia, weakness, and restlessness, and 2 dogs also had ascites. There were remarkable increases in the serum activities of alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase. The total serum bile acid concentration was high in 3 of 4 dogs that were tested. Sulfobromophthalein excretion was delayed in all dogs. Histologic examination of liver specimens from 4 of the dogs demonstrated macronodular or micronodular cirrhosis. PMID- 7118709 TI - Myocardial ischemia in dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus. PMID- 7118710 TI - Evaluation of renal biopsy in 197 dogs and cats. AB - A retrospective study of needle biopsy of the kidney of 163 dogs and 34 cats was performed to evaluate its clinical value and postbiopsy complications. Complications included microscopic hematuria (41 of 53 cases in which urinalyses were performed within 48 hours following the biopsy), gross hematuria (4 dogs), and hydronephrosis (3 of 82 dogs and 1 of 19 cats necropsied). Satisfactory needle biopsy specimens were obtained by use of Franklin-Silverman, Metcoff, and true-cut needles. The necropsy diagnosis matched the biopsy diagnosis in 80 of 82 dogs necropsied and in 17 of 19 cats necropsied. PMID- 7118711 TI - Vasectomy in ruminants: a cranial midscrotal approach. PMID- 7118712 TI - Seasonal variations in scrotal circumference, sperm quality, and sexual ability in rams. AB - Seasonal variations in scrotal circumference, spermatozoal motility, morphologically normal spermatozoa, libido, and serving capacity were studied in Suffolk, Lincoln, Columbia, and Polypay rams (5 of each breed). There were marked seasonal variations in the scrotal circumference, morphologically normal spermatozoa, libido, and serving capacity for each of the breed types. Mean scrotal circumference was highest from August through October and lowest in February. Spermatozoa that were morphologically normal were highest in proportion in September (82.3%) and lowest in proportion in February (57.8%). Libido and serving capacity scores were highest from September through November and lowest in March. PMID- 7118713 TI - Diseases of pigeons and doves in Texas: clinical findings and recommendations for control. PMID- 7118714 TI - Viral inclusions in hematopoietic precursors in a dog with distemper--. PMID- 7118715 TI - Emphysematous pyometra in a bitch--. PMID- 7118716 TI - Craniomandibular osteopathy in an English Bulldog--. PMID- 7118717 TI - Community size needed to support a veterinary practice. PMID- 7118718 TI - When are things persons and persons things? PMID- 7118719 TI - Polanyi and Jungian psychology: dream-ego and waking-ego. PMID- 7118720 TI - 'Ordinariness': fear of it and contempt for it. PMID- 7118721 TI - SQ 27,860, a simple carbapenem produced by species of Serratia and Erwinia. PMID- 7118722 TI - Studies of tylosin derivatives effective against macrolide-resistant strains: synthesis and structure-activity relationships. AB - The 4"-O-substituted tylosin derivatives were prepared by selective esterification of the 4"-OH, and relationships between the substituent groups and antimicrobial activity against macrolide-resistant strains were examined. Introduction of branched-chain aliphatic acyl groups such as 2-methoxyisovaleryl or 4-methylvaleryl group afforded derivatives with good antibacterial activity; MIC values were 12.5 microgram/ml against Staphylococcus aureus MS-8710. MIC values of tylosin, erythromycin and josamycin against this strain were 800 microgram/ml or more. Further improved activity was obtained by introduction of aromatic groups such as phenylthioacetyl, phenylsulfonylacetyl, 4 nitrophenylacetyl, 4-nitrophenylsulfonyl and phenylethanesulfonyl groups; MIC values were 6.25 microgram/ml. These derivatives had also an improved antimycoplasmal activity; MIC values were 0.08 microgram/ml against macrolide resistant strains of Mycoplasma gallisepticum. MIC values of tylosin against these strains were from 2.5 to 10 microgram/ml. Introduction of the groups described above into the 4"-OH was confirmed to increase the uptake by a resistant strain. PMID- 7118723 TI - Binding of 3-O-acetyl-4"-O-isovaleryltylosin to ribosomes from a macrolide resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - The resistance of Staphylococcus aureus MS-9610 to tylosin and 3-O-acetyltylosin was due to the decreased affinity of its ribosome system to these macrolides. However, 3-O-acetyl-4"-O-isovaleryltylosin was found to bind to ribosomes of the strain about three times more than 3-O-acetyltylosin. This binding was not interfered by tylosin and 3-O-acetyltylosin. The 4"-O-acyl group and the mycinose moiety were suggested to have an important role in the binding of tylosin derivatives to ribosomes of resistant strains. PMID- 7118724 TI - Hybrid biosynthesis of derivatives of protylonolide and M-4365 by macrolide producing microorganisms. AB - Biotransformation of a macrolide antibiotic and a related compound was studied using various macrolide-producing microorganisms grown in the presence of cerulenin, an inhibitor of de novo synthesis of the aglycone moiety. Protylonolide (1) was transformed into 5-O-(4'-O-propionylmycarosyl)protylonolide (2) by a leucomycin-producing strain, Streptoverticillium kitasatoensis KA-429. M 4365 G2 (3) was bioconverted into M-4365 G3 (4), 9-dihydro M-4365 G3 (5), 3-O acetyl M-4365 G3 (6) and 3-O-acetyl-9-dihydro M-4365 G3 (7) by a spiramycin producing strain, Streptomyces ambofaciens KA-1028. Forosaminylated derivatives of M-4365 G2 were not obtained using this microorganism. M-4365 G2 was converted into 3-O-acetyl M-4365 G2 (8) by Stv. kitasatoensis strain KA-429 and a carbomycin-producing strain, S. thermotolerans KA-442. These results suggest that the substrate specificity of mycaminose- and forosamine-binding enzymes is high in Stv. kitasatoensis and S. ambofaciens, respectively, while that of the 3 hydroxyl acylating enzyme and mycarose-binding enzyme is low in these microorganisms. The bioconversion products showed lower antibacterial and antimycoplasmal activities than those of M-4365 G2. PMID- 7118725 TI - 2-deoxy-3-demethoxyfortimicin A. PMID- 7118726 TI - Antitumor activity of a new antitumor antibiotic, stubomycin. AB - The antitumor activity of a new antibiotic, stubomycin, against various murine tumors was studied. Stubomycin showed antitumor activity against Sarcoma 180, IMC carcinoma and Meth-A tumor. In particular, all of the mice inoculated i.p. with IMC-carcinoma were cured when they were given nine successive injections of stubomycin. Stubomycin also showed remarkable antitumor effects against Sarcoma 180 and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma when administered concomitantly with bleomycin. PMID- 7118727 TI - Cephalosporins. V. Synthesis and in vitro activity of some 7-[2-methoxyimino (substituted thio)alkanoyl]amino cephalosporanic acid derivatives. PMID- 7118728 TI - Senacarcin A, a new antitumor antibiotic produced by Streptomyces endus subsp. aureus. PMID- 7118729 TI - PS-8, a minor carbapenem antibiotic. PMID- 7118730 TI - The phase angle of addition in temporal masking for diotic and dichotic listening conditions. AB - The phase angle, alpha, between a tonal signal and a tonal masker was varied from 0 degrees to 135 degrees in simultaneous masking, forward masking, and pulsation threshold paradigms. In all conditions the frequency of the signal and masker was 500 Hz. For forward masking both diotic (MOSO) and dichotic (MOS pi) listening conditions were investigated. Only the dichotic case was studied using the pulsation threshold method. In simultaneous masking, thresholds varied as a function of alpha in both diotic and dichotic conditions. Thresholds in the diotic conditions were consistently different from those in the dichotic conditions -- i.e., there were masking-level differences (MLDs) at most values of alpha tested. In forward masking and pulsation-threshold, however, thresholds were independent of alpha in the dichotic conditions; and thresholds were independent of alpha in the diotic, forward masking conditions. Nevertheless, for forward masking the dichotic thresholds remained below the diotic thresholds, yielding MLDs of 3-6 dB. Thus, in nonsimultaneous masking, there is a clear effect of the interaural signal phase, but not of the masker-signal phase relationship, on signal detectability. These results imply that masker-signal phase information is either not preserved or not used by subjects in nonsimultaneous tone-on-tone masking experiments. PMID- 7118732 TI - Chronic electrical stimulation of auditory nerve in cat: Physiological and histological results. AB - Cats were implanted with two-channel scala tympani bipolar electrode arrays consisting of four PtIr wires in a molded silicone rubber carrier. The electrically evoked auditory brainstem response (ABR) was recorded to monitor the physiological response to biphasic pulsatile stimulation in these chronic preparations. Baseline data were collected over a 1-6 month period. Animals were then subjected to a long period of continuous high level stimulation delivered through a system designed to insure delivery of charge-balanced biphasic waveforms. Subsequent changes in physiological response were interpreted as indicating electrically induced damage to the cochlea. Localized loss of hair cells and growth of connective tissue resulted from the implantation of scala tympani inserts. Electrically evoked ABR responses were not altered by the long term presence of the electrode, nor by the presence of intervening connective tissue. Physiological manifestations of stimulus-induced change appeared only after hundreds of hours of continuous stimulation. Apparent functional damage was not suspended or reversed with cessation of stimulation, but rather continued for several hundred hours after the stimulation was terminated. Deterioration of physiological response was accompanied by two deleterious histological changes: (a) bone growth within the scala tympani; and (b) loss of nerve fibers and spiral ganglion cells. Both of these changes were restricted to an area corresponding to the implant intracochlear location and were most marked in the region adjacent to the chronically stimulated electrode pair. In cases where stimuli were not charge balanced or surgical trauma was incurred, bone growth was most extensive and nerve damage most pervasive. The data from cases stimulated at lower levels of charge density, i.e. 20-40 muC/cm2, suggest that these may be more feasible levels for safe chronic electrical stimulation in scala tympani. PMID- 7118731 TI - Kanamycin and bumetanide ototoxicity: anatomical, physiological and behavioral correlates. AB - Severe hair-cell degeneration and cochlear dysfunction was observed in chinchillas examined at 60 days (or longer) after administration of a single injection of 150 mg/kg kanamycin, followed 2 h later by a single injection of 20 mg/kg bumetanide. Outer hair cells in the cochlear base were most severely affected. While inner and outer hair-cell loss was common, some animals showed large regions along the basilar membrane where almost all inner hair cells were present and almost all outer hair cells were absent. Wherever areas of complete degeneration of the organ of Corti occurred, a small, diffuse population of nerve fibers within the spiral lamina was always present. Single-unit tuning curves correlated best with anatomical observations, compared with the other functional measures of auditory sensitivity that were obtained (behavioral audiogram and compound action potential thresholds). Results indicated that behavioral detection of auditory stimuli is relatively independent of innervation density as long as a few inner hair cells are present. Thus, the cross-fiber threshold envelope of the single-unit tuning curves appeared very similar to the behavioral audiogram. PMID- 7118733 TI - Intensity coding in the auditory periphery of the cat: responses of cochlear nerve and cochlear nucleus neurons to signals in the presence of bandstop masking noise. AB - The dynamic range over which fine intensity discrimination is possible has been reported to be largely unaffected by limitation of the spread of neuronal activity to neighbouring frequency regions by bandstop noise masking. We have therefore examined the responses of cochlear nerve and nucleus neurons to tone and noise signals in the presence of a bandstop masking noise designed to be comparable to that employed in the psychophysical experiments. Under these conditions, the vast majority of cochlear nerve fibres were saturated by sound levels at which some 50% of our sample of cochlear nucleus neurons still responded to signal level differences. The extended dynamic ranges of these cochlear nucleus neurons was shown to be a result of activation, by the masking noise, of the lateral inhibitory side-bands 'biassing' the neuron's discharge. A small proportion of cochlear fibres, having low spontaneous discharge rates and showing strong two-tone suppression effects, demonstrated analogous but not so pronounced effects. It is unclear in what form information on the level of stimuli under these conditions is transmitted by the majority of apparently saturated cochlear nerve fibres, but several possible mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 7118734 TI - Interaural crosstalk in the cat. AB - The physiologically effective interaural acoustic crosstalk in cat was measured by means of binaural threshold differences for single auditory-nerve fibers and for cochlear microphonics. There were generally two maxima, at about 800 Hz and 3 kHz, attaining values as high as -25 dB (transmission to cochlea via contralateral ear re transmission via ipsilateral ear) in some cats. This figure could be reduced to -50 dB by mechanically isolating the acoustic drivers from each other and from the stereotaxic head frame. PMID- 7118735 TI - Boundaries of two-tone rate suppression of cochlear-nerve activity. AB - Two-tone rate suppression was examined in the responses of single cochlear-nerve fibers in Mongolian gerbils. The iso-rate tracking algorithm developed by Kiang and Moxon (Kiang, N.Y.-S. and Moxon, E.C. (1974): J. Acoust Soc. Am. 55, 620-630) for obtaining tuning curves was modified to track iso-rate suppression boundaries as a function of frequency with the excitor tone fixed at the characteristic frequency (CF) of the fiber. Lower threshold boundaries of the areas of suppression flanking the tuning curve above and below CF were outlined for fibers over a large CF range. It was found that the boundaries of rate suppression obtained below CF were very stable in their absolute positions on the intensity frequency plane. This stability was evident both as a function of fiber CF (0.6 15 kHz) and as a function of the shape of the tuning curve at a given CF. In other words, the suppression boundary obtained below CF was largely independent of the tuning curve. In a second series of experiments tuning curves were taken in the presence of a fixed tone placed in the suppression area located above the fiber CF. The fixed tone by itself was not excitatory. These tuning curves were compared to tuning curves obtained with a single tone. It was found that frequencies around the fiber CF were most affected (suppressed) by the presence of the second tone, and that the low-frequency tail of the tuning curve tended to shift toward the boundary of the suppression area below CF. Because this suppression boundary lies below the threshold of the normal tail of the tuning curve for many mid- and high-CF fibers, these fibers often became hypersensitive at low frequencies in the presence of the second tone above CF. PMID- 7118736 TI - Bidirectional transduction in vertebrate hair cells: a mechanism for coupling mechanical and electrical processes. PMID- 7118737 TI - Estrous synchronization and fertility in gilts after 14- or 18-day feeding of altrenogest beginning at estrus or diestrus. AB - A synthetic progestogen (altrenogest) was used to synchronize estrus in 160 Yorkshire and Duroc x Yorkshire gilts (6 to 11 mo old) in four trials. Gilts were fed 15 mg altrenogest for 14 or 18 d beginning either at or near estrus (d -1, 0, +1 or +2) or at diestrus (d +3 to +21). Mean intervals to estrus after treatment did not differ between 14- and 18-d treatments (5.4 +/- .1 vs 5.3 +/- .1 d, respectively), but were slightly longer (P less than .01) in gilts beginning treatment at or near estrus than in diestrus (5.6 +/- .1 vs 5.2 +/- .1, respectively). Average intervals to estrus were similar between treatment groups and among stages of the cycle even though more gilts (P less than .01) beginning treatment at estrus had serum progesterone concentrations greater than 2 ng/ml at the end of progestogen treatment. Although more 18- than 14-d treated gilts (P less than .05) were in estrus on d 5 post-treatment, proportions in estrus from 3 to 10 d post-treatment were similar (greater than 98%). Neither stage of estrous cycle at onset of treatment nor duration of progestogen treatment affected percentages of gilts farrowing (greater than 73%), average gestation length (116.5 d), or total (10.3), live (9.7) and dead (.6) pigs at birth after artificial insemination at the post-treatment estrus. We concluded that 14-d feeding of altrenogest effectively synchronized fertile estrus in gilts regardless of stage of estrous cycle at the onset of progestogen treatment. Although 18-d treatment of gilts with altrenogest improved estrous synchronization precision compared to 14-d treatment, there was no advantage of the 18-d treatment for subsequent farrowing responses. PMID- 7118738 TI - Metabolism of estrogens in the gastrointestinal tract of swine. I. Instilled estradiol. AB - One minute after instillation of 14C-estradiol-17 beta (14C-E2 17 beta) into selected sections of the gastrointestinal tract of swine, radioactive estradiol metabolites were present in blood collected from the portal and jugular veins. Ether was used to extract free but not conjugated estrogens. The percentage of plasma radioactivity that was ether extractable (EE) was low in portal plasma and even lower in jugular plasma following instillation of 14C-E2 17 beta into the stomach, ileum and colon. EE radioactivity was not detectable in either portal or jugular plasma when estradiol was instilled into the duodenum or jejunum. Therefore, estrogens were conjugated either in the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract or as they crossed the intestinal mucosa. The liver played only a minor role in conjugation of these steroids, since the estrogen metabolites present in portal plasma were very similar to those in jugular plasma, and metabolites in the urine were similar to those in plasma. The principal estrogen conjugate found in both portal and jugular plasma, regardless of the gastrointestinal section into which 14C-E2 17 beta was instilled, was estrone glucuronide. There was no uniform metabolic pattern observed in the metabolites of estradiol that remained in the lumen of each gastrointestinal section; however, many metabolic transformations occurred. We concluded that almost all estrogens absorbed were metabolized during the absorption process. The liver was active only in the metabolism of estrogens that escaped conjugation in the intestinal mucosa. PMID- 7118740 TI - Corpus luteum function in the bovine: in vivo and in vitro evidence for both a seasonal and breedtype effect. PMID- 7118739 TI - Metabolism of estrogens in the gastrointestinal tract of swine. III. Estradiol-17 beta-D-glucuronide instilled into sections of intestine. AB - Studies were conducted to determine the absorption and metabolic fate of 3H estradiol-17 beta-glucuronide (3H-E2-G) in swine. The conjugate, 3H-E2-G (48.7 x 10(6) DPM, 45.5 Ci/mmol), was injected into ligated 15-cm sections of duodenum, proximal jejunum, distal jejunum, ileum and spiral colon of 10 kg female pigs. Blood from the jugular and portal veins and urine were collected at .5-h intervals for 5 h. Absorption from the colon was rapid and radioactivity peaked in both portal and jugular plasma by .5 h postinjection. In contrast, the highest plasma estrogen concentration from most other sections was reached at 5 h, the last sampling time. The urinary excretion patterns were nearly identical to those seen in plasma, with the radioactivity peaking early (1.5 h) after instillation of 3H-E2-G into the colon, but still rising at the end of the experiment after instillation into the duodenum, distal jejunum and ileum. The proximal jejunum, which produced low plasma estrogen concentrations, also produced low urine concentrations. The slower absorption of 3H-E2-G compared to 14C-estradiol-17 beta is consistent with the view that the limiting factor for the absorption of the conjugate is hydrolysis to a free estrogen. The predominant metabolites in portal venous plasma from all sections of the intestine at the end of the experiments were the monoglucuronides of estrone and estradiol. Because the administered 3H-E2-G was conjugated at C-17, the presence of estrone glucuronide in portal plasma indicates that, at least in the duodenum, ileum and colon, 3H-E2 G undergoes cleavage, followed by the oxidation of estradiol to estrone, which is subsequently reconjugated by the intestinal mucosa. PMID- 7118741 TI - Effect of factor B on vitamin B12 status and propionate metabolism in sheep. AB - Growing lambs fed diets containing two concentrations of Co (basal and basal plus 1 ppm) were injected with Factor B (cobinamide) or saline during an 8-wk trial conducted to determine the effects of Factor B on liver B12 levels and on propionate metabolism. At the end of the trial, lambs given Factor B had lower (P less than .05) liver vitamin B12 concentrations and higher (P less than .05) Factor B concentrations than controls fed the high Co diet. The high Co diet did not enhance liver B12 levels in the lambs treated with Factor B. Feed intake and body weight gain were not significantly affected by treatment. Plasma propionate increased (P less than .05) with time on experiment, and concentrations during the final period were negatively correlated (r = -.45; P less than .05) with liver B12 levels. When the lambs were loaded with propionate, a similar correlation (r = -.59; P less than .05) was observed between log plasma level at t = 20 and liver B12 levels. Liver B12 levels (.2 to 1.1 micrograms/g) were all within what is usually considered a normal range. . No significant relationship between plasma propionate and liver Factor B levels were observed. PMID- 7118743 TI - Evaluating the nutritional status of beef cattle herds from four soil order regions of Florida. II. Trace minerals. AB - An experiment was conducted to determine the trace mineral status of grazing cattle from four selected soil type regions in Florida. Animal tissue, forage and soil samples were collected during the wet (September-October) and dry (February March) seasons from nine ranches located in four different regions. On the basis of reported critical forage levels, mean forage Co (less than .1 ppm), Zn (less than 30 ppm) and Se (less than .1 ppm) and liver and hair Se (less than .25 ppm), were low during both seasons. Soil Se (less than .50 ppm) and extractable soil Zn (less than 1.5 ppm) were low in all regions except the southeast. Mean forage Se was low in all regions. Of all animals studied in the wet season, 36 and 32% had low liver Cu (less than 75 ppm) and Se (less than .25 ppm) concentrations, respectively. In the dry season, 20 and 39% of the animals had low liver Cu and Se concentrations, respectively. Hair Se was low (less than .25 ppm) in 90% of the samples during the wet season and in 100% during the dry season. During the wet season, forage Zn, Mn, Co and Se were low in 89, 26, 63 and 84% of the samples, respectively, while extractable (double acid) Zn, Mn, Co and total Se were low in 57, 79, 63 and 100% of the soils, respectively. In the dry season, 80, 20, 40 and 80% of forages were low in Zn, Mn, Co and Se, respectively. Of the seven trace minerals studied, Se and Zn are most likely to be deficient, with Co and Cu insufficiency probable in selected areas. PMID- 7118742 TI - Evaluating the nutritional status of beef cattle herds from four soil order regions of Florida. I. Macroelements, protein, carotene, vitamins A and E, hemoglobin and hematocrit. AB - The nutrient status of grazing beef cattle from four selected soil order regions of Florida was examined. Liver, blood, hair and feces samples from 14 heifers and 14 cows, plus forage samples, were collected during two periods of the year from nine ranches located in four different regions. Soil samples were collected during one period. The soil order regions were the Histosol (southeast), Spodosol (southwest), Entisol (central) and Ultisol (northwest). Mean forage P values were higher (P less than .05) in the wet season, while mean hair P levels were higher (P less than .05) during the dry season. Mean forage, plasma, liver and hair Mg values were higher (P less than .05) in the wet season. Plasma vitamin E, liver vitamin A and forage carotene levels were higher (P less than .05) during the wet season. Mean forage P content was deficient (less than .25%) during both seasons and varied from .10% in the dry season to .16% during the wet season. Mean forage Mg (less than .18%) and K (less than .60%) concentrations were deficient in the dry season. Forage protein was deficient (less than 7.0%) in five of seven ranches during the dry season. Extractable soil Ca, exchangeable soil Ca, Mn, Al, H+, soil organic matter and effective cation exchange capacity were higher (P less than .05) in the Histosol region. Extractable soil K was low (60 ppm) in all regions, except the northwest. Forage P was critical (less than .25%) during the dry season in all regions and varied from .08 to .15%, while plasma P was deficient (4.5 mg/100 ml) in animals from the southeast during the dry season only. PMID- 7118744 TI - Oxidation rates of major fatty acids in fasting neonatal pigs. AB - Thirty-two pigs were used to compare the oxidation rates of uniformly labeled (U 14C) palmitic (16:0), stearic (18:0), oleic (18:1) and linoleic (18:2) acids in fasting neonatal pigs. The pigs were allowed to nurse the sow for 24 to 48 h following birth. Subsequently, they were removed, an indwelling catheter was surgically placed in the external iliac vein and the pigs were fasted for 12 h to attain a postabsorptive state. The 14C fatty acids were administered as a single infusion (10 microCi) via the catheter, and recovery of the label as expired 14CO2 was determined at 45-min intervals for a 6-h period. Blood samples were taken following the infusion (15, 60, 120, 240, 360 min) to monitor activity maintained within the free fatty acid (FFA) fraction of the plasma pool. The oxidation rate of each fatty acid was corrected for the difference in dose dilution using a uniform factor based on plasma concentration of 18:1. The cumulative 6-h 14CO2 recovery rates (percentage of dose) were 19.1, 6.6, 30.1 and 13.1% for 16:0, 18:0, 18:1 and 18:2, respectively. Oleic acid was oxidized at a more (P less than .05) rapid rate than the other fatty acids. Palmitic acid and 18:2 were oxidized more rapidly than 18:0, although the difference between 18:0 and 18:2 was not significant. Plasma FFA pools differed with respect to the proportion of infused activity remaining at various times after administration. At 60 and 120 min postinfusion, the greatest (P less than .05) proportion of activity was maintained in the 18:1 pool (11.9 and 6.6%, respectively, vs 7.7 and 4.3% for 16:0, 6.9 and 3.9% for 18:2 and 3.6 and 2.2% for 18:0). Palmitic acid and 18:2 had a greater (P less than .05) level of activity in the plasma FFA pool at 60 min than did 18:0. This same pattern was observed through 2 h, but by 240 min postinfusion, the proportion of activity remaining in each of the plasma pools was similar. Rate of oxidation appeared to corrrespond with plasma concentration and proportion of activity remaining in the plasma FFA pool. PMID- 7118745 TI - Simple identification of anaerobic bacteria to genus level using typical antibiotic susceptibility patterns. PMID- 7118746 TI - Development of a computer identification system for coliform strains. PMID- 7118747 TI - Incidence of thermoduric psychrotrophs in milk produced in the west of Scotland. PMID- 7118749 TI - The description of strains of anaerobic "corroding' organisms isolated from soft tissue infections in cats and dogs. PMID- 7118748 TI - Ecological studies on the occurrence of bacteria utilizing lactic acid at pH values below 4.5. PMID- 7118750 TI - "Atypical' mycobacteria in milk. PMID- 7118751 TI - Chemotaxonomy of the genus Capnocytophaga (Leadbetter, Holt & Socransky). PMID- 7118752 TI - Ecology of Vibrio species, including Vibrio cholerae, in natural waters in Kent, England. PMID- 7118753 TI - Assessment and training of clinical interviewing skills: analogue analysis and field replication. AB - Two studies were conducted to assess the train clinical interviewing skills. In Experiment 1, eight university practicum students ("therapists") and either role played or volunteer "clients" were audiotaped during simulated interviews. Following the collection of baseline data on both therapist and client responses, training was provided by way of written materials, classroom instruction and practice, and quizzes. Results of a multiple baseline design across subjects showed improvements in therapists' interviewing skills and subsequent increases in client responding. Experiment 2 replicated and extended the research to a hospital outpatient clinic, in which therapists interviewed the parents of children with behavior problems. In addition, four months following the completion of Experiment 2, follow-up data collected during a maintenance condition showed continued high levels of therapist and client behavior. Finally, a panel of expert peers indicated that each response category was judged highly relevant to the behavioral assessment process. PMID- 7118755 TI - Protective equipment: continuous and contingent application in the treatment of self-injurious behavior. AB - This study evaluated the use of protective equipment in treating self-injurious behavior (SIB) exhibited by three retarded persons. In Experiment 1, the equipment was first applied continuously during 20-min sessions in individual multiple baseline designs across settings. Results showed substantial reductions in head hitting, eye gouging, and hand biting. Brief periods of time-out with the protective equipment were later made contingent on SIB and combined with a differential reinforcement procedure. Reduced levels of SIB was maintained with all subjects. Additionally, the amount of time during which the equipment was applied decreased as the SIB diminished. Experiment 2 evaluated the use of contingent protective equipment (the final condition in Experiment 1) when applied directly in the subjects' living units during the day. During Experiment 2, SIB remained at or below the levels found at the termination of Experiment 1. Finally, in an effort to assess the long-term effectiveness of the procedure, responsibility for implementation was given to the staff who were typically assigned to provide therapy to the subjects. Follow-up probe observations conducted up to 104 days after termination of the final experimental condition showed continued low levels of both SIB and equipment usage. Results of these experiments suggest that contingent protective equipment and differential reinforcement may be effective in reducing chronic self-injury. PMID- 7118756 TI - The role of response delay in improving in the discrimination performance or autistic children. AB - This study investigated the influence of a response delay requirement on the discrimination performance of autistic children. In the context of a multiple baseline design with subsequent repeated reversals, two conditions were compared: a no-response-delay condition, where the child was allowed to make the target response immediately after presentation of the discriminative stimulus versus a response-delay condition, where the target response was permitted three seconds following the discriminative stimulus when the therapist would signal the child to respond. The results showed that the response-delay condition produced higher levels of correct responding than the no-response-delay condition. In addition, teachers in the research setting rated the response-delay procedure to be a practical and effective teaching technique that could be implemented in a classroom setting. The results were discussed in relation to the literature on impulsivity, and were interpreted as indicating that the response-delay procedure provides a valuable technique for teaching autistic children. PMID- 7118754 TI - Ritalin vs. response cost in the control of hyperactive children: a within subject comparison. AB - A within-subject comparison was made of the effects of methylphenidate (Ritalin) and response cost in reducing the off-task behavior of two boys, 7 and 8 years of age, who had been diagnosed as having an attentional deficit disorder with hyperactivity, Several dosages of Ritalin (5 to 20 mg/day) were evaluated with the results indicating varying effects of the drug for both children. Response cost (with free-time as the reinforcer) was superior to Ritalin in raising levels of on-task behavior and in improving academic performance. PMID- 7118757 TI - Self-instructional training to increase independent work performance in preschoolers. AB - The generalized effects of self-instructional training on the classroom performance of three "impulsive" preschool children were investigated using a multiple-baseline design across subjects. Measures of child and teacher behavior in the classroom were obtained through direct observations during a daily independent work period. Self-instructional training followed Meichenbaum and Goodman's (1971) approach, except that training materials consisted of naturalistic task worksheets rather than psychometric test items and training sessions were of shorter duration. For all three children, self-instructional training resulted in increased levels of accuracy on worksheets in the classroom that were similar to those used in training. Results related to several supplementary measures were less clear; however, they suggested that rates of on task behavior may also have improved, and that a mild classroom intervention further strengthened on-task rates and effect consistent work completion for all three children. The findings suggested that generalized increases in accuracy on classroom worksheets were related to the naturalistic format of the self instructional training sessions. The level of teacher attention was controlled to rule out its effect on changes in child behavior. PMID- 7118758 TI - Treatment of child abuse: a review of the behavioral interventions. AB - Child abuse has probably existed as a social problem as long as parents and children have lived under the same roof, and in recent years it has received tremendous attention. Most of the research has focused on etiology rather than treatment, leaving large gaps in our knowledge about remediating abuse. Behavioral scientists have only begun to formulate a conceptual framework from which to work. Many theoretical questions are yet unanswered, particularly the question of what constitutes abuse. Burgess (1978) believes that conceptual problems exist because abuse falls along a continuum of parent-child relationships--a continuum that at one end might include verbal punishment (e.g., threats, ridicule) or milder forms of physical punishment (e.g., slap on the hand, spanking), and at the other end include extreme forms of physical punishment that exceed community mores (for example, hitting a child with a closed fist, scalding a child in hot water, torturing or killing a child). Thus, the question-- where does discipline stop and abuse begin?-- faces every researcher who must operationally define abuse. Identifying the consequences of abuse in a child's development is another area of inquiry that remains untreated. Most of the literature is filled with the subjective impressions of professionals speculating that abused children become the juvenile delinquents and the child abusers of the future; however, as yet no longitudinal studies have been conducted that compare the developmental outcomes of abused and non-abused children from early childhood to later adulthood. What if there were no differences? How might this influence our approaches to the treatment of abuse? Answers to these and other questions will take years of study. Increased awareness of the problem of child abuse has led to greater efforts to remediate the problem. Treatment efforts with abusive families are still in the initial stages, but, undoubtedly, information from these early programs can be the foundation for future researchers to formulate new, more effective intervention programs. Future researchers should focus on identifying those aspects of existing programs that lend themselves to empirical study and have led to more successful parent-child relationships. PMID- 7118760 TI - An operant tracking procedure in the auditory assessment of profoundly retarded individuals. AB - The present study investigated a discrete-trials, operant tracking and a descending-series procedure for the determination of hearing levels with profoundly retarded individuals. These individuals were previously diagnosed as untestable. Following stimulus-control training with errorless discrimination procedures, hearing levels for each individual were examined with both procedures. For P-1 and P-2, the operant tracking procedure was administered following a descending-series procedure. Both were observed to "track" their own hearing levels. For P-3, the operant tracking procedure was administered first, followed by the descending-series procedure. Although P-3 also "tracked" her own hearing level, more variable responding was observed. Nonetheless, the operant tracking procedure proved quite workable and may provide for improved hearing testing with "difficult-to-test" individuals. PMID- 7118761 TI - The development of correct toothbrushing technique in preschool children. AB - This study examined the effects of an intensive training program on the toothbrushing skills of three preschool children, using both performance measures and outcome (plaque level) indicators. Toothbrushing was broken into 16 steps that involved actual manipulation of the brush in the mouth. Correct brushing included four criteria: (a) appropriate angle of bristles, (b) appropriate motion of brush, (c) appropriate tooth surface, and (d) minimum duration of brushing. Training included instructions, a three-phase modeling procedure, physical guidance, and reinforcement. Results of a multiple baseline design across subjects showed that the children completed an average of 8.6% of the steps prior to training, as compared with an average of 95.8% of the steps following training. Plaque levels decreased from an average of 58% during baseline to 24.6% after training. Follow-up measures revealed that 86.6% of the steps were maintained. The study demonstrated that the effectiveness of the procedures in teaching very young children a complex motor skill that is essential to their future health. PMID- 7118759 TI - Programming "loose training" as a strategy to facilitate language generalization. AB - This study investigated the generalization of spontaneous complex language behavior across a nontraining setting and the durability of generalization as a result of programming and "loose training" strategy. A within-subject, across behaviors multiple-baseline design was used to examine the performance of two moderately retarded students in the use of is/are across three syntactic structures (i.e., "wh" questions, "yes/no" reversal questions, and statements). The language training procedure used in this study represented a functional example of programming "loose training." The procedure involved conducting concurrent language training within the context of an academic training task, and establishing a functional reduction in stimulus control by permitting the student to initiate a language response based on a wide array of naturally occurring stimulus events. Concurrent probes were conducted in the free play setting to assess the immediate generalization and the durability of the language behaviors. The results demonstrated that "loose training" was effective in establishing a specific set of language responses with the participants of this investigation. Further, both students demonstrated spontaneous use of the language behavior in the free play generalization setting and a trend was clearly evident for generalization to continue across time. Thus, the methods used appear to be successful for training the use of is/are in three syntactic structures. PMID- 7118762 TI - Rapid bioluminescent assay of serum amikacin. PMID- 7118763 TI - Effect of food on the bioavailability and tolerance of clavulanic acid/amoxycillin combination. PMID- 7118764 TI - Comparison of the sensitivity of mycobacteria to the cyclopentyl rifamycin DL473 and rifampicin. PMID- 7118765 TI - Trimethoprim resistance. PMID- 7118766 TI - Anaerobic infections: the role of tinidazole. Proceedings of a symposium: Edinburgh, Scotland, 19 and 20 April 1982. PMID- 7118767 TI - Efficacy of tinidazole compared to clindamycin in the treatment of experimentally induced intra-abdominal sepsis. PMID- 7118768 TI - Single dose pre-operative antimicrobial prophylaxis in abdominal operations. PMID- 7118769 TI - Tinidazole in the treatment of surgical and gynaecological infections. PMID- 7118770 TI - Anaerobic infections in cancer patients--comparison between therapy oriented strictly against anaerobes or both anaerobes and aerobes. PMID- 7118772 TI - Concentrations of tinidazole and metronidazole in serum, saliva and alveolar bone. PMID- 7118771 TI - Effect of tinidazole on the human oral microflora: a comparison between high single and low repeated doses. PMID- 7118773 TI - The use of tinidazole in the surgery of oral tumours. PMID- 7118774 TI - Tinidazole in upper respiratory air-way infection. PMID- 7118775 TI - The pharmacokinetics, metabolism and tissue distribution of tinidazole. PMID- 7118777 TI - Tinidazole for prophylaxis in gynaecological surgery. PMID- 7118776 TI - The pharmacokinetics of metronidazole and tinidazole in patients with mixed aerobic--anaerobic infections. PMID- 7118778 TI - Prophylactic oral and intravenous tinidazole in hysterectomy. PMID- 7118779 TI - Prophylactic tinidazole for hysterectomy--experience of 870 cases during 1980 and 1981. PMID- 7118780 TI - Tinidazole for the treatment of anaerobic gynaecological infections. PMID- 7118781 TI - Workshop on the determination of lead in foods by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry: preliminary report. AB - Seven analysts with various degrees of trace element experience participated in a workshop on the determination of lead in foods containing 1-1000 ng lead/g. Each analyst independently performed 4 projects: contamination control, rapid screening for lead in canned milks, rapid determination of lead in foods, and solvent extraction determination of lead in foods. Accuracy and precision for all methods were good, and, using the solvent extraction method, analysts were able to accurately analyze milk containing 2 ng lead/g with a reproducibility standard deviation of 0.6 ng/g, including individual outliers, and 0.3 ng/g when outliers were rejected. Recovery at the 10 ng/g spiking level for milk averaged 107%. The results were exceptional considering that one of the analysts was a pesticide chemist, 5 other analysts spend only part of their time in trace element analysis, clean-room facilities were not used for any part of the study, the solvent extraction technique was preceded by a HNO3-HClO4 digestion and was relatively complex, and the labware used for the entire workshop including digestions was either Pyrex or uncleaned, disposable polystyrene test tubes. The results of the workshop demonstrate that accurate, background-level lead determinations can be made inexpensively in normal laboratories, provided analysts are properly instructed in contamination control. PMID- 7118782 TI - Sample preparation in determination of lead in garden vegetables by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. AB - Dry and wet ashing methods have been used in the analysis of garden vegetables for Pb. The reliability of wet ashing has been verified by the method of standard additions. Comparison of dry and wet ashing showed good agreement for a variety of garden vegetables. Sample size was more strictly limited for the wet-ashed samples, which led to lower sensitivity. Vegetable samples are commonly analyzed for a number of trace elements, which introduces additional constraints on sample preparation, notably because of Cd loss on dry ashing. Pretreatment with HNO3/H2SO4 ash aid eliminated Cd loss. Reliability of dry ashing with pretreatment was shown with NBS SRM Orchard Leaves, Pine Needles, Spinach, and Tomato Leaves. The analysis was insensitive to ashing temperature in the range 480-625 degrees C. A practical detection limit for the method is about 2 ppm Pb, dry weight basis (DWB). Care must be exercised to avoid contamination of the sample with lead at this level by improper handling. Segregation and acid washing of glassware and protection of the sample from contact with any object not demonstrably clean was necessary. No evidence was found of Pb contamination at this level from tap water washing of fresh vegetables, forced-air oven drying, or grinding with mortar and pestle. No special clean room facilities or laboratory air purification measures were used. Sensitivity was increased 3-fold by extraction with dithizone in CHCl3 followed by back-extraction into dilute HCl. Detection limits were not improved, however, because of variation in the extraction results. The instrumental method for assessing effective correction for back-ground absorbance showed adequate compensation, although comparison of direct and extractive determinations showed a small but significant difference between the methods of about 1 ppm Pb (DWB). PMID- 7118783 TI - Analytical methods used by industry for lead in infant formula. AB - The lead content of liquid infant products has been a prime focus of regulatory, industrial, and private analysts for some time. The principal source of Pb in these products is the solder used in 3-piece can manufacture. Voluntary surveys by the Infant Formula Council member companies from 1978 to present show that even low 1978 levels have been significantly reduced. Two procedures, anodic stripping voltammetry and electrothermal atomization (graphite furnace and carbon rod) atomic absorption spectrophotometry, are currently used by industry analysts. The results of 2 comparison studies provide a means of estimating the reliability of the procedures. Results of thousands of trace Pb determinations have demonstrated that steps to ensure the validity of results must be integrated into the entire analytical scheme. Quality control practices are described. Control of the laboratory environment is essential for ultimate sensitivity, and the design and performance of a trace metals analysis facility are discussed. PMID- 7118784 TI - Defining a lowest level of reliable measurement for lead in foods. AB - Procedures are outlined for defining and demonstrating a lowest level of reliable measurement for Pb in foods. The method of analysis studied was a dry ash sample mineralization with quantitation by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry at a hanging mercury drop electrode. Past experience with analyses for Pb in foods indicated that the lowest measurement of Pb in foods was limited by the Pb contributed from the reagents, apparatus, and laboratory environment. The magnitude of contamination from these 3 sources was investigated. Once a specific source of contamination was identified, attempts were made to eliminate or minimize the amount of Pb it contributed to the analysis. After contamination was controlled to the degree our facilities would allow, low level Pb determinations were performed on infant formula. PMID- 7118785 TI - In vitro assay for predicting protein efficiency ratio as measured by rat bioassay: collaborative study. AB - Seven laboratories collaborated in testing the calculated protein efficiency ratio (C-PER and DC-PER). The collaborative study required each laboratory to analyze 6 foods and a control protein (ANRC casein) for in vitro apparent protein digestibility, amino acid composition, and PER via rat bioassay. The 6 foods or food ingredients tested were nonfat dry milk, cooked chicken muscle, protein fortified dry breakfast cereal, textured soy protein, oat-based dry breakfast cereal, and durum wheat flour. Data obtained from the study were analyzed statistically for the intralaboratory variation for each method of analysis (i.e., amino acid analysis, PER, etc.). The ability of the C-PER to rapidly predict rat PER was also measured. The C-PER and DC-PER methods were adopted official first action. PMID- 7118787 TI - Gas chromatographic determination of propionates as paranitrobenzyl ester in bakery products. AB - A procedure was developed to determine propionates used as mold inhibitors and preservatives in bakery products. Propionates were extracted from the sample with water alkalinized by potassium carbonate. Water was evaporated, and the residue was reacted with paranitrobenzyl bromide in dimethyl-formamide-water (90 + 10) at room temperature to convert propionates to paranitrobenzyl ester, which was determined with a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector. Bakery products, such as bread, sponge cake, cookies, and biscuits, were analyzed by this procedure. Recoveries from samples fortified with propionates ranged from 94 to 101%, with a standard deviation of 3.32. The concentrations determined were 50 to 2500 micrograms/g sample. PMID- 7118786 TI - Application of gel permeation chromatography and nonaqueous reverse phase chromatography to high performance liquid chromatographic determination of retinyl palmitate and alpha-tocopheryl acetate in infant formulas. AB - A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for determining retinyl palmitate and alpha-tocopheryl acetate in infant formulas. The lipid-soluble components were extracted from the aqueous phase by homogenizing in a solvent mixture of isopropanol and methylene chloride with magnesium sulfate added to remove water. The vitamins were fractionated from the lipid material by using high pressure gel permeation chromatography (HP-GPC) followed by quantitation using non-aqueous reverse phase (RP)-HPLC. Three muStyragel (100A) columns connected in series were used for HP-GPC fractionation of sample extracts in methylene chloride. A Zorbax ODS (6 micron) column and methylene chloride-acetonitrile-methanol (30 + 70 + 0.2) were used for RP-HPLC quantitation. The 32 commercial infant formulas that were analyzed represent a wide variety of formulations manufactured at various fortification levels. Vitamin A results ranged from 89 to 242% of the declared levels. Vitamin E values, determined as the supplemental form alpha-tocopheryl acetate, ranged from 83 to 272% of the declared levels. Determination of vitamin A in 6 samples and vitamin E in one sample by this method and the official AOAC method gave comparable results. This method, which requires no saponification, was successfully used to determine vitamins A and E in ready-to-use, liquid concentrated, and powdered infant formulas. PMID- 7118788 TI - Use of post-column derivatization in liquid chromatographic determination of sulfamethazine and sulfathiazole in feeds and feed premixes. AB - Sulfonamide drugs are extracted from feed and feed premixes by shaking with 0.15N HCl in 25% methanol. The extract is diluted, clarified, and chromatographed on a reverse phase C18 column. Mobile phases used are methanol-2% acetic acid (35 + 65) and acetonitrile-2% acetic acid (18 + 82) for sulfamethazine (SMT) and sulfathiazole (STZ), respectively. A solution of dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (DMAB) is added to the column eluate and the resulting sulfonamide-DMAB complex is detected at 450 nm. The method was tested for linearity, recovery, and precision across a broad sample range. Recovery was 100.6 +/- 2.3% and 96.3 +/- 1.6% for STZ and SMT, respectively. Linearity was excellent (r2 = 0.9985 for STZ and r2 = 0.9996 for SMT) as was within-day precision (RSD = 2.00% for STZ and 1.52% for SMT). The method was compared with the Bratton-Marshall colorimetric method. Analysis of 14 STZ and 15 SMT samples failed to detect any bias between the 2 methods. Some practical aspects of the use of this technique are discussed. PMID- 7118789 TI - Evaluation of three methods for recovery of sulfamethazine metabolites from swine tissue. AB - Recent investigations have clearly established the presence of desaminosulfamethazine (I), N4-acetylsulfamethazine (II), and N4-D-glucosyl sulfamethazine (III) in the tissues of swine which have been dosed with sulfamethazine (V). N4(1-Deoxy-D-glucuronyl) sulfamethazine (IV) has frequently been found in the urine and feces of animals. These metabolites have generally not been investigated in current sulfamethazine methods; therefore, it is not clear to what extent they might be measured by these procedures. Metabolites I, II, III, and IV were synthesized and characterized by several chemical and physical measurements. These metabolites and their parent, V, were added to swine tissue and recoveries were measured by a gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC), a colorimetric, and a gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric method with electron ionization-selected ion monitoring (GC/MS EI-SIM). With modifications of the gas chromatographic parameters, the GLC method can quantitate compounds, I, II, and V simultaneously. If a hydrolysis step is added, all 3 methods can quantitate compound II as V and, in addition, the GC/MS EI-SIM and colorimetric methods can quantitate III as V. In none of these methods do metabolites I, II, III, or IV interfere in the determination of V. PMID- 7118790 TI - Modification of the AOAC gas-liquid chromatographic method for indole in shrimp: collaborative study. AB - Several changes were suggested for standardization of the AOAC official final action gas chromatographic method for the determination of indole in shrimp. In a collaborative study, 3 FDA laboratories compared the modified method with the current method. At a 95% confidence level, the same results were obtained for each respective sample by the AOAC or the modified method, which had the following changes. The cleanup column was standardized by drying the silica gel for 2 h at 125 degrees C and equilibrating with 3 g of water/25 g of silica gel. Concentrated ethyl acetate shrimp extracts were treated with anhydrous sodium sulfate before column cleanup and indole was eluted from the column with 15% ethyl ether/hexane. A reduced amount of the internal standard, 2-methylindole, was used to improve peak height measurements at the 25 microgram% indole level. The modified method has been adopted official first action to replace method 18.075. PMID- 7118791 TI - Verification of authenticity of apple juice. AB - A series of instrumental analyses is described for verification of apple juice authenticity. Liquid chromatography is used to determine sugars and individual phenolics, atomic absorption spectroscopy is used to determine potassium, standard AOAC methods are used to test for polyphenolics and formol indexes, and stable carbon isotope ratio analysis (SCIRA) is used to detect high fructose corn syrup. These tests will identify fraudulent but not poorly processed apple juice. PMID- 7118793 TI - Assessment of quantitative methods for determination of trichothecenes in grains and grain products. AB - Currently available methods for determination of trichothecenes are evaluated primarily for accuracy, precision, and limits of detection. A few of the more accurate and sensitive methods are discussed further with respect to convenience and number of trichothecenes determined. The best technique to date for quantitating trichothecenes is gas-liquid chromatography with electron capture or mass spectrometric detection, subject to available instrumentation. PMID- 7118792 TI - High performance liquid chromatographic quantitation of aflatoxin metabolites in animal tissues. AB - A previously reported reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) procedure was modified to permit the determination of the parent aflatoxins and various free and conjugated metabolites in animal tissues. The modified procedure was based on HPLC analysis of duplicate portions of a sample extract which had been prepared with and without treatment with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). TFA catalyzes the conversion of aflatoxins G1, B1, M1, and Q1 to the fluorescent derivatives G2a, B2a, M2a, and Q2a. Aflatoxicol, which exhibited a sharp fluorescent peak in its native state, eluted as a tailing peak with weaker fluorescence following TFA treatment. Acid hydrolysis of the aqueous phase of tissue samples permitted the analysis of water-soluble conjugated forms of the various aflatoxins. Analysis of fluorescence spectra of manually collected HPLC fractions qualitatively supported the accuracy of the method. Representative data on the distribution of aflatoxins in turkey liver following ingestion of an experimentally contaminated ration are presented. PMID- 7118794 TI - Liquid chromatographic determination of aflatoxins in artificially contaminated cocoa beans. AB - A high pressure liquid chromatographic method is described for the extraction and determination of aflatoxins in artificially contaminated cocoa beans. Aflatoxins were extracted by using a CB extraction, column cleanup, and chromatography on a reverse phase column with UV detection at 365 nm for aflatoxins B1 and G1 and fluorescence detection for aflatoxins B2 and G2 (365 nm excitation and 455 nm emission). Recoveries from artificially contaminated cocoa beans of various roast conditions ranged from 77.50 to 107.35%. CV values ranged from 4.87 for G1 to 7.66 for G2 (n = 8). The method can be used for cocoa beans ranging from no roast to a heavy roast (12 min at 400 degrees F). PMID- 7118796 TI - Colorimetric determination of ethambutol hydrochloride. AB - A precise colorimetric procedure is proposed for estimation of ethambutol hydrochloride, based on reaction of the drug with 2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene under stipulated conditions. The yellow chromophore is quantitated spectrophotometrically at 376 +/- 1 nm. The relationship between absorbance and drug concentration was linear within a range of 5-40 micrograms/mL. The method is suitable for the analytical control of ethambutol HCl and its formulations. PMID- 7118795 TI - Spectrophotometric determination of ephedrine hydrochloride and phenylephrine hydrochloride. AB - A method is described for quantitative determination of the sympathomimetic amines ephedrine HCl and phenylephrine HCl. The method is based on the interaction of N-alkylvinylamine formed from the condensation of the free secondary amine group and acetaldehyde with chloranil to give a vinylamino substituted quinone. The colored product for ephedrine HCl and phenylephrine HCl exhibits 2 maxima at about 320 and 680 nm. All variables were studied to optimize reaction conditions. The relationship between absorbance and concentration was linear within 1-25 micrograms/mL under the conditions studied for both drugs at both wavelengths. The method has been applied to the analysis of some pharmaceutical formulations including tablets and eye drops with good recoveries (98.75-100.4%). PMID- 7118797 TI - Gas chromatographic method for determining strychnine residues in alfalfa. AB - A gas-liquid chromatographic procedure is described for determining strychnine in alfalfa with a nitrogen-phosphorus detector. Alfalfa samples containing strychnine residues are chopped and extracted in a blender using ethyl acetate, sodium carbonate, and sodium sulfate, and the organic extract is extracted with 0.1N H2SO4 solution, made basic, and subsequently extracted with methylene chloride. Following concentration, the strychnine residues are quantitated by peak height, using an external standard. Recoveries for 0.05 ppm spikes were 88 +/- 11%. PMID- 7118798 TI - Composite sampling in the determination of pyrethrins in fruit samples. AB - A residue method is described for measuring up to 6 naturally occurring pyrethrins in several varieties of fruits. Fresh samples are extracted into acetone, partitioned between water and hexane-dichloro-methane, and cleaned up by adsorption on a Florisil column followed by elution with acetone-hexane (15 + 85). Residues are detected and quantitated by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. Detection limits for single 10 g samples are about 10-30 ng/g. The method was applied to a survey of pyrethrins in fruit samples. Because of the high tolerance (1 ppm) allowed for pyrethrins, the expected low incidence, and the low detection limits of the method, composite samples (up to 5-6) of fruit were used to quickly determine residue levels. This procedure allowed 130 samples to be processed in the time normally needed for 30-40. Provided the above conditions can be met, composite sampling is proposed as an attractive approach to data gathering in pesticide residue analysis. PMID- 7118799 TI - Field screening method for above-tolerance residues of dithiocarbamate fungicides. AB - A field screening method has been developed for detecting above-tolerance residues of dithiocarbamate (DTC) fungicides on fruits and vegetables. A harvested crop might be condemned as unfit for market if above-tolerance DTC residues are present; however, by using this screening method, a grower might be able to postpone harvesting a crop until the screening test indicates that residues have dissipated below the tolerance level. The method depends on carbon disulfide generated from DTC fungicides at an elevated temperature into the headspace gas above the contents of a septum-sealed reaction flask, with hydrochloric acid and stannous chloride present. The syringe-withdrawn, headspace carbon disulfide then reacts with the appropriate chromophore reagent already in the syringe. The lower limit of detectability is about 2 ppm DTC fungicide from 30 g chopped crop. A single test can be completed in about 90 min; the average time per test when several are conducted sequentially is considerably shorter. PMID- 7118800 TI - Symposium on analytical methodology for lead in foods. PMID- 7118801 TI - Levels of lead in the United States food supply. AB - As a result of the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) concern about lead in the food supply, considerable data have been developed in recent years by FDA, other agencies, and industry on the levels of lead in foods. Data obtained on the lead content of milk, eggs, meat, fish, and shellfish indicate that the mean levels in these unprocessed foods varied from 0.02 to about 0.4 ppm, with the lowest level in milk. The major food processing source of lead in food is the lead-soldered can. FDA had assigned top priority to the reduction of lead in foods for infants because of their greater susceptibility to the toxic effects of this metal. The lead levels in foods for infants are now only 1/5 to 1/10 of what they were when FDA expressed its concern about lead to the manufacturers of canned infant formula, evaporated milk, canned infant juices, and glass-packed infant foods. FDA priority interest has now shifted to reduction of lead in adult canned foods, especially those eaten by young children. The mean levels in such foods have decreased from 0.35-0.40 ppm in 1974 to 0.20-0.25 ppm in 1980. PMID- 7118802 TI - Toxicology of lead: primer for analytical chemists. AB - Through the years, considerable amounts of Pb have been mobilized into our environment, and Pb may represent one of the most ubiquitous of all toxic metal contaminants. Excluding occupational exposure, the general population receives almost 70% of its total exposure to Pb from food. Other important sources of exposure include drinking water and air; minor sources include tobacco products, decorative glassware, and other types of food utensils. For young children, ingestion of Pb-containing soil or dust via normal hand-to-mouth activity or, in extreme cases, pica (the abnormal intake of soil, paint chips, etc.) may represent a significant source of exposure. The severity of clinical manifestations of Pb toxicity depends on both duration and intensity of exposure. Infants and young children are more susceptible to the effects of Pb than are adults. Although there is little debate over the serious consequences of acute, high-level Pb exposure, both controversy and concern have been expressed about the degree of risk that may be associated with chronic exposure to Pb levels that are closer to contemporary levels in the general environment. This concern is particularly high with regard to infants and young children, who may undergo Pb induced changes that have long-term neurological impact (e.g., learning deficits, gross and/or fine motor dysfunction, impaired cognitive abilities). PMID- 7118803 TI - The analytical blank: sources and effects on lead analyses. AB - The influence of the analytical blank on the reliability of an analysis is often of paramount importance. It is shown that the magnitude of the blank and the degree of uncertainty associated with it usually limits the ability to complete quantitative analyses at lower concentration levels. Specific sources of lead contamination are discussed and data are presented that indicate the possible contributions from each source. Although exceptions surely occur, it appears that lead contributions from the laboratory environment and/or ancillary analytical equipment and materials are often the primary factor in determining the blank level and the variability therein. PMID- 7118804 TI - Analytical methods used by industry for determining lead in processed foods. AB - Over the past 8 years, a number of food processors and can manufacturers have participated in repeated round-robin studies of lead methodology. During this period, 3 methods have been found to be comparable in a variety of foods: carbon rod atomic absorption, chelation-solvent extraction atomic absorption, and anodic stripping voltammetry. Each method is described and results are given from a number of round-robin studies. In general, the coefficient of variation at lead levels of 0.1-0.3 ppm is usually less than or equal to 20%. PMID- 7118805 TI - Determination of lead and cadmium in foods by anodic stripping voltammetry: I. Development of method. AB - Food samples are dry ashed at 500 +/- 50 degrees C with a 10% aqueous K2SO4 solution used as an ashing aid. The ashed sample is dissolved in 50 mL 2% HNO3. Anodic stripping voltammetry is used to determine lead and cadmium in a mixture of the sample solution and an acetate electrolyte at pH 4.3 +/- 0.3. The estimated quantitation limits, based on a 10 g food sample, are 0.005 ppm for cadmium and 0.010 ppm for lead. PMID- 7118806 TI - Determination of lead and cadmium in foods by anodic stripping voltammetry: II. Collaborative study. AB - A dry ash anodic stripping voltammetric method for determining lead and cadmium in foods was collaboratively studied by 20 laboratories. The food commodities studied were strained green beans, beef (baby food), fish (mackerel), infant formula (milk base), apple juice, and cereal (wheat farina). Each collaborator analyzed 3 commodities, each consisting of 2 duplicate lead and cadmium fortification levels, for a total of 4 samples for each commodity. The low fortification levels ranged from 0.03 to 0.08 ppm for cadmium and from 0.05 to 0.15 ppm for lead. The high fortification levels ranged from 0.12 to 0.28 ppm for cadmium and from 0.24 to 0.45 ppm for lead. Each commodity was analyzed by 10 collaborators. The average overall reproducibilities of the low level fortifications were 24% for lead and 21% for cadmium; for the high level fortifications, average overall reproducibilities were 18% for lead and 16% for cadmium. The average accuracies of the collaborative results as measured by comparison to reference values were 96 and 97% for cadmium and lead, respectively. This method has been adopted official first action. PMID- 7118807 TI - Determination of background levels of lead and cadmium in raw agricultural crops by using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. AB - A method is described for the simultaneous determination of ultratrace levels of lead and cadmium in selected agricultural crop samples by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. Samples are dry ashed at high temperature with H2SO4 as an ashing aid. Techniques are described to control the lead and cadmium blank levels of 2 ng and 0.4 ng, respectively. Typical relative standard deviations for the crop analyses are 13% at 100 ng/g and 25% at 10 ng/g for lead, and 5% at 100 ng/g and 10% at 10 ng/g for cadmium. The lowest quantifiable level, based on 3 g dry sample, is 2 ng/g for lead and 1 ng/g for cadmium. Recovery studies, precision studies, and analyses of NBS Standard Reference Materials demonstrate the accuracy and reproducibility of this technique. A summary of results for over 1700 crop samples is reported. PMID- 7118808 TI - Precautions in ashing techniques for lead determination in food. AB - In determining lead in food, the matrix must be destroyed before quantitation by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Wet or dry ashing techniques are generally used. Dry ashing assisted by ultrapure H2SO4 or K2SO4 has the advantages of safety, low reagent blanks, rapidity, and good recoveries of added lead. These techniques are also less labor-intensive than wet ashing. PMID- 7118809 TI - Innovations in atomic absorption spectrophotometry with electrothermal atomization for determining lead in foods. AB - A simple and rapid method is described for the determination of lead in foods. The samples are digested in HNO3, HF, and HClO4 and then the lead is determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry using an electrothermal atomizer with the L'vov platform. Interferences and ways to improve the precision and accuracy of the analysis were studied. Matrix modification using 1% ammonium phosphate alleviated most interferences encountered. The precision and accuracy of the method was evaluated using NBS SRM 1570 Spinach and SRM 1566 Oyster Tissue. The values obtained are in good agreement with the certified values. PMID- 7118810 TI - Food analysis for lead using furnace atomic absorption and a L'vov platform. AB - Furnace atomic absorption is a very sensitive method for determination of lead and other trace metals in a variety of samples, but it is prone to matrix interferences. A major improvement in the method is achieved by the use of a L'vov platform, a small piece of graphite placed inside the furnace tube, onto which the sample solution is pipetted. The temperature of the platform rises more slowly than that of the tube wall during the atomization cycle, and sample vaporization is delayed until the furnace atmosphere is at a high and nearly constant temperature. The resulting atomization behavior is more consistent and less matrix-dependent for numerous analyte elements, including lead. Results are further improved by addition of ammonium phosphate to all samples and standards as a matrix modifier. For example, in comparing analyte sensitivity (slope of the absorbance vs concentration curve) in a variety of food sample types to the sensitivity in dilute HNO3, the average lead response showed 60 +/- 15% suppression due to the sample matrices. Use of the L'vov platform and matrix modifier virtually eliminated the suppression and improved the precision. PMID- 7118811 TI - Management of monosodium glutamate toxicity. PMID- 7118813 TI - Occupational-immunologic lung disease: a Washington conference report. PMID- 7118812 TI - A psychosomatic approach to childhood asthma. PMID- 7118814 TI - The battery of asthma illness behavior, I: independence from age of asthma onset. AB - The Battery of Asthma Illness Behavior was developed to assess the potential for psychomaintenance in chronic bronchial asthma. The present study demonstrates that the BAIB's success in predicting the perpetuation, exacerbation, and maintenance of asthma cannot be attributed to its merely reflecting one objective parameter of illness, i.e., age of asthma onset. PMID- 7118815 TI - The battery of asthma illness behavior, II: independence from airways hyperreactivity. AB - Bronchial asthma is an illness particularly susceptible to psychological and behavioral exacerbation and perpetuation. The Battery of Asthma Illness Behavior has demonstrated a remarkable ability to identify such psychomaintenance potentials in chronic asthmatic patients. The present study advances previous research by showing that BAIB scores are independent of degree of airways hyperreactivity. This finding strengthens the assertion that the BAIB assesses psychomaintenance potentials independent from the objective medical parameters of the illness. PMID- 7118816 TI - The battery of asthma illness behavior, III: independence from longitudinal pulmonary functions. AB - Previous research has demonstrated that the Battery of Asthma Illness Behavior is related to a wide variety of medical outcome variables in bronchial asthma. It has been maintained that BAIB scores reflect the degree to which psychological and behavioral factors can adversely affect medical management and prognosis. The present study advances previous research by investigating the relationship between BAIB scores and average longitudinal spirometry. PMID- 7118817 TI - The effect of beclomethasone diproprionate on bronchial hyperreactivity. AB - BDP is a useful treatment for asthma, but the mechanism of its action is unknown. Routine estimations of bronchial sensitivity to histamine aerosols showed that there was a decrease in bronchial hyperreactivity in 11 out of 14 cases given BDP as a routine treatment. The results are significant by Student's t-test (P less than .001) and reveal one mechanism by which BDP can act in the lungs. PMID- 7118819 TI - Critical dimensions of therapeutic trials. PMID- 7118818 TI - Sustained protection with oxtriphylline-SA against allergenic bronchial challenges. PMID- 7118820 TI - A double-blind comparative study of the effects of aerosolized isoproterenol and terbutaline in adult asthmatic patients. PMID- 7118822 TI - Physician/patient acceptability and efficacy study of Quibron-T/SR tablets in adult asthmatics. PMID- 7118821 TI - Improving patient recall and comprehension of the treatment regimen. AB - The failure of patients to comprehend medical advice or to recall accurately the instructions their physicians give them may destroy the effectiveness of even the most scientifically sound treatment regimen. The proper use of practical and simple communication techniques may greatly assist the physician in educating the patient. Knowledge of the current status of research on the recall of medical information will assist the practitioner in communicating so that patients can improve their retention of medical instructions and advice. PMID- 7118823 TI - Serum levels of anaphylatoxin inactivator in intrinsic asthmatic patients. PMID- 7118825 TI - Asthma: the yoga perspective. Part II: Yoga therapy in the treatment of asthma. AB - The integral yoga approach to asthma (and other psychosomatic disorders) is briefly outlined as meeting all of the requirements for an optimal, holistic, somatopsychic therapy (as outlined in Part I), including correction of distorted posture and faulty breathing habits, teaching a system of general muscle relaxation, techniques for the release of suppressed emotion and for reducing anxiety and self-conscious awareness, as well as special methods for the expectoration of mucus. Yoga practices are described in detail and the available psychophysiological research on yoga practice, as well as clinical-therapeutic studies on yoga as asthmatic therapy, are reviewed. It can therefore be concluded that yoga therapy is most effective with asthma. PMID- 7118824 TI - Death in asthma: a psychosomatic autopsy. AB - In most, if not all, chronic illnesses, the patient is a participant in medical management. Attitudes and behaviors during treatment can influence medical outcome in important ways that are becoming increasingly understood. This case history illustrates how a personal style may have contributed to the worst possible outcome, death, in an illness that is usually not fatal. There is a need to unravel the complex interplay between the psychological and medical factors contributing to such extremes in medical treatment failure in order to permit timely and appropriate intervention. PMID- 7118826 TI - Repression of penicillin G acylase of Proteus rettgeri by tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. AB - The regulation of the penicillin acylase in proteus rettgeri ATCC 31052 was compared with that of the enzyme in Escherichia coli ATCC 9637. Unlike the E. coli acylase, the P. rettgeri enzyme was not induced by phenylacetic acid, nor was it subject to catabolite repression by glucose. The P. rettgeri acylase appears to be expressed constitutively but is subject to repression by the C4 dicarboxylic acids of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, succinate, fumarate, and malate. PMID- 7118827 TI - Comparison of kinetics of active tetracycline uptake and active tetracycline efflux in sensitive and plasmid RP4-containing Pseudomonas putida. AB - Membrane vesicles prepared from tetracycline-sensitive cells of Pseudomonas putida took up tetracycline by an active transport system with an apparent Km of 2.5 mM and a Vmax of 50 nmol min-1 mg protein-1. In contrast, resistance determinant RP4-containing P. putida had an active high-affinity efflux system for tetracycline with a Km of 2.0 to 3.54 microM and a Vmax of 0.15 nmol min-1 mg protein-1. Thus, the efflux system of tetracycline-resistant P. putida(RP4) had an average of 1,000-fold greater affinity for tetracycline than the influx system of tetracycline-sensitive cells. From these results, it is clear that a major mechanism of tetracycline resistance in RP4-containing P. putida is an active tetracycline efflux mechanism. There was also evidence for a second tetracycline efflux system with low affinity for tetracycline n P. putida(RP4). This efflux system had a Km of 0.25 mM and a Vmax of 1.45 nmol min-1 protein-1. Whether this low-affinity efflux system was also present in tetracycline-sensitive P. putida could not be discerned from these experiments. PMID- 7118831 TI - Lateral mobility of membrane-bound antibodies on the surface of Acholeplasma laidlawii: evidence for virus-induced cell fusion in a procaryote. AB - Dynamic processes on the membrane of the procaryotic cell Acholeplasma laidlawii have been studied by means of immunoelectron microscopy. Colloidal gold-labeled anti-A. laidlawii antibodies were used as electron-dense markers. This method allowed the demonstration of temperature-dependent lateral mobility of membrane bound immunoglobulins. By using two different sizes of gold grains to differentiate cells from two different cell populations, virus-induced fusion of procaryotic cells could be shown for the first time. PMID- 7118828 TI - Absence of DNA in peroxisomes of Candida tropicalis. AB - Yeast peroxisomes were purified to near homogeneity from cells of Candida tropicalis grown on oleic acid for the purpose of examining the possible presence of DNA in this organelle. The purification procedure includes the effective conversion of cells to spheroplasts with Zymolyase and sodium sulfite and the separation of the organelles at extremely low ionic strength. The mitochondrial contamination was less than 1%, based on several criteria, and the yield of peroxisomes was about 40%. The purified peroxisomal fraction contained a very small amount of DNA, which yielded restriction fragments indistinguishable from those of mitochondrial DNA. The absence of DNA in peroxisomes was also supported by cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation of the organelles lysed with a detergent, staining of the organelles with a fluorescent dye specific to DNA, and labeling of the DNA with [3H]adenine. PMID- 7118830 TI - Degradation of 3-phenylbutyric acid by Pseudomonas sp. AB - Pseudomonas sp. isolated by selective culture with 3-phenylbutyrate (3-PB) as the sole carbon source metabolized the compound through two different pathways by initial oxidation of the benzene ring and by initial oxidation of the side chain. During early exponential growth, a catechol substance identified as 3-(2,3 dihydroxyphenyl)butyrate (2,3-DHPB) and its meta-cleavage product 2-hydroxy-7 methyl-6-oxononadioic-2,4-dienoic acid were produced. These products disappeared during late exponential growth, and considerable amounts of 2,3-DHPB reacted to form brownish polymeric substances. The catechol intermediate 2,3-DHPB could not be isolated, but cell-free extracts were able only to oxidize 3-(2,3 dihydroxyphenyl)propionate of all dihydroxy aromatic acids tested. Moreover, a reaction product caused by dehydration of 2,3-DHPB on silica gel was isolated and identified by spectral analysis as (--)-8-hydroxy-4-methyl-3,4-dihydrocoumarin. 3 Phenylpropionate and a hydroxycinnamate were found in supernatants of cultures grown on 3-PB; phenylacetate and benzoate were found in supernatants of cultures grown on 3-phenylpropionate; and phenylacetate was found in cultures grown on cinnamate. Cells grown on 3-PB rapidly oxidized 3-phenylpropionate, cinnamate, catechol, and 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propionate, whereas 2-phenylpropionate, 2,3 dihydroxycinnamate, benzoate, phenylacetate, and salicylate were oxidized at much slower rates. Phenylsuccinate was not utilized for growth nor was it oxidized by washed cell suspensions grown on 3-PB. However, dual axenic cultures of Pseudomonas acidovorans and Klebsiella pneumoniae, which could not grow on phenylsuccinate alone, could grow syntrophically and produced the same metabolites found during catabolism of 3-PB by Pseudomonas sp. Washed cell suspensions of dual axenic cultures also immediately oxidized phenylsuccinate, 3 phenylpropionate, cinnamate, phenylacetate, and benzoate. PMID- 7118829 TI - Extraction and properties of hemagglutinin from cell wall fragments of Fusobacterium nucleatum. AB - To study the hemagglutinin of Fusobacterium nucleatum, methods were sought to solubilize and purify this component. When cells of F. nucleatum were ruptured by passage through a French press, the fragments lost virtually all ability to agglutinate human erythrocytes. Extraction of the fragments with 2% Triton X-100 for 30 min at 22 degrees C restored hemagglutinating activity (HA). Hemagglutination by these fragments could be inhibited by arginine, as can hemagglutination by intact bacteria. Treatment of active cell wall fragments with pronase and 2% Triton X-100-EDTA at 37 degrees C or with pronase and 0.1% Triton X-100-EDTA at pH 10.0 allowed recovery of solubilized HA. The former HA was inhibited by arginine (arg+) whereas the latter was not (arg-). Fractionation of the arg+ extract by preparative isoelectric focusing showed that HA was recovered from the gel sections having a pH between 4.5 and 5.5. Hemagglutination by this preparation was still arg+. Chromatography of this hemagglutinin on DEAE-Sephadex increased the specific activity to high levels with a loss of inhibition by arginine. A fraction from the DEAE-Sephadex column containing 10,700 HA units per mg of protein was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Solubilization at 22 degrees C before electrophoresis revealed three Coomassie blue-staining bands which migrated with apparent molecular weights of about 21,000, 38,000 and 60,000. When the same DEAE fraction was boiled in sodium dodecyl sulfate, electrophoresis revealed only one band with an apparent molecular weight of 21,000. PMID- 7118833 TI - Alcoholism and female criminality. AB - Among 66 female felons unselected for psychiatric referral, 31 (47%) were diagnosed alcoholic. This rate is similar to that found in male criminals, whereas in most groups men alcoholics far outnumber women alcoholics. Alcoholism was associated with antisocial personality and homosexuality in this sample, but not with affective disorder. On follow-up 6 years later, 52% of the alcoholic women were in remission. Alcohol abuse was associated with medical problems, with the alcoholic subjects accounting for most deaths, serious medical illness, and psychiatric hospitalization. Criminal recidivism was not significantly related to alcoholism. The remitted alcoholics did not turn to drugs, and, with one exception, remitted drug-dependent women did not turn to alcohol. PMID- 7118832 TI - Commentary: on defining alcoholism and taking stands. PMID- 7118834 TI - Prevalence of additional psychiatric syndromes among male alcoholics. AB - The prevalence of psychiatric syndromes among 565 male alcoholic VA inpatients was examined using the structured Psychiatric Diagnostic Interview (PDI). Almost two-thirds fulfilled criteria for one or more additional psychiatric syndromes. Subjects positive only for alcoholism reported a significantly later onset of problem drinking and fewer first-degree relatives who abused alcohol than those positive for one or more additional syndromes. The most frequent additional syndromes were affective disorders and antisocial personality. The possible significance of subtyping alcoholics by the presence or absence of coexisting psychiatric syndromes is discussed. PMID- 7118835 TI - Sleep and growth hormone secretion in alcoholics. AB - The effect of alcoholism on slow wave sleep (SWS) and SWS-related human growth hormone (HGH) secretion was investigated in 8 sober male alcoholics and 13 non alcoholic controls. Sleep onset was temporally correlated with both elevated HGH levels and a high percentage of SWS in control subjects, with several specific qualifications related to age. By contrast, alcoholism was associated with a dissociation of sleep onset, SWS, and HGH elevation. The first noticeable HGH elevation in sober alcoholics often occurred several hours after sleep onset and in the absence of any SWS in the same time interval. Acute intoxication appeared to "normalize" the sleep onset-SWS linkage in alcoholics but did not influence the dissociation of HGH elevation from sleep onset and SWS. PMID- 7118837 TI - Amoxapine-associated rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure: case report. AB - Amoxapine, a new tricyclic antidepressant, has been recently released in the United States and Europe. There has been limited experience with amoxapine overdose, and no serious reactions or sequelae were observed in the reported cases. A case of amoxapine overdose associated with rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure is reported. Amoxapine overdose could cause convulsions or prolonged coma leading to atraumatic rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuric renal failure. Direct muscle or renal toxicity from this drug and its metabolites should not be excluded until evidence to the contrary is available. Acute renal failure should be looked for in cases of amoxapine overdose. PMID- 7118838 TI - A case study of a male with anorexia nervosa and low testosterone levels. AB - The authors present a case of anorexia nervosa in a young man with classic family dynamics. The patient was noted to have a markedly low testosterone level, which improved with weight gain and administration of clomiphene citrate. Implications of this finding are discussed. PMID- 7118836 TI - Alcohol-related flushing and the risk for alcoholism in sons of alcoholics. AB - Ethanol-induced facial flushing was measured in 30 men, aged 21 to 25, who had family histories of alcoholism and in 30 matched controls. The drug was administered as 0.75 ml of 95% ethanol per kilogram of body weight, mixed with a sugar-free soft drink and consumed over 5 minutes. Facial flushing was assessed over 90 minutes using both observational ratings and a plethysmograph. Family history positive (FHP) subjects demonstrated significantly higher levels of flushing than family history negative (FHN) controls on objective measures. Correlations with the flushing response were .83 for blood acetaldehyde, and at least .60 for heart rate and skin temperature. This is the first known demonstration in Caucasians of a possible association between flushing and blood acetaldehyde levels in individuals hypothesized to be at risk for the development of alcoholism. PMID- 7118839 TI - Combined trimipramine/phenelzine treatment of depression: case report. AB - Trimipramine was found safe, effective, and free of complications when used in combination with the MAOI phenelzine in the treatment of a case of refractory depression. Trimipramine co-administration with phenelzine may be an efficacious alternative pharmacotherapy for selected cases when synergistic antidepressant therapies are indicated. PMID- 7118840 TI - Malicious abuse of haloperidol. PMID- 7118841 TI - Seizures and maprotiline. PMID- 7118842 TI - Suicide in a psychiatric practice population. AB - Suicide occurred in 48 of 12,500 adult private psychiatric patients, representing 40,100 years of follow-up. Suicide rates (per 100,000 patients per year), computed from the diagnostic profile of all patients in the practice, were especially high for schizophrenia (411) and bipolar affective disorder (318). The rate of unipolar depression (42) was only slightly higher than that for the general population of San Diego County as computed from coroner's office data. Personality disorder, alcoholism, multiple diagnoses, and psychosis all were associated with increased risk of suicide. Coroner's office reports probably do not accurately reflect suicide risk in treated psychiatric patients. PMID- 7118843 TI - Psychiatric diagnosis and prediction of drug and alcohol dependence. AB - Some sociodemographic variables that have distinguished the future addict from the general population have not been found to predict outcome in those already dependent. This study demonstrates that a past history of specific psychiatric disorders is predictive of outcome in narcotic addicts. Future research should focus on interactions among past histories, past and present personality and motivation, and situational variables in the search for reliable clinical prognostic factors. PMID- 7118844 TI - Anxiety and depressive disorders in psychiatrically disturbed children. AB - Of 102 systematically interviewed children, age 7 to 17 years, 28 met DSM-III criteria for depressive disorders and 14 for anxiety disorders. Because the adult psychiatric literature suggests overlapping symptomatology between these disorders, depressive and anxiety symptoms were compared in these groups of children. Depressed children, like depressed adults, reported many anxiety symptoms. However, anxious children, unlike their adult counterparts, never reported panic attacks and complained much less often of depressive symptoms. In contrast to adults with anxiety disorders, no child met criteria for a secondary depression. Longitudinal studies and validation measures for diagnoses of anxiety and depressive disorders are necessary for more definitive conclusions. This study suggests that there are more similarities between childhood and adult depressive disorders than anxiety disorders. PMID- 7118845 TI - The effects of doxepin HCl on sleep and depression. AB - The effects of doxepin hydrochloride (Adapin) on sleep and depression were evaluated in nine depressed patients with documented sleep difficulties. All subjects were screened for depression on the Hamilton Psychiatric Rating Scale. Sleep disturbance was measured by all-night polysomnography. Doxepin in doses of 75 and 150 mg/day significantly improved sleep efficiency, as evidenced by decreased sleep latency and increased total sleep time. After 2 weeks of treatment, REM latency and percent REM time were dramatically changed. Maximal improvement in depression occurred after 2 weeks of doxepin therapy and at the 150 mg dose. PMID- 7118846 TI - A case of neuroleptic malignant syndrome successfully treated with amantadine. AB - A paranoid schizophrenic patient developed the neuroleptic malignant syndrome after receiving three doses of fluphenazine HCl and two doses of thioridazine while he was recovering from major trauma. Treatment with diphenhydramine and benztropine mesylate was ineffective. Administration of amantadine HCl resulted in resolution of all symptoms within 24 hours. After 2 days, the amantadine was discontinued. The following day, the neuroleptic malignant syndrome appeared. Readministration of amantadine again resulted in prompt remission of symptoms. PMID- 7118847 TI - Plasma concentrations of tricyclic antidepressants in clinical practice. PMID- 7118848 TI - Amphetamines, depression, and psychiatrists. PMID- 7118849 TI - Glycophorins of bovine erythrocyte membranes. Isolation and preliminary characterization of the major component. AB - Crude glycophorin fraction was prepared from bovine erythrocyte membranes by extraction with lithium diiodosalicylate and partition in aqueous phenol. The crude fraction was further separated into three fractions by gel chromatography and ion-exchange chromatography. The major fraction, designated glycophorin BA, accounts for 80% of the crude fraction. Its carbohydrate content was 79% by weight including galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylglucosamine and N glycolylneuraminic acid. Iodosobenzoate treatment of glycophorin BA produced two fragments; one is a highly glycosylated segment and the other a hydrophobic peptide. The amino-terminal sequence of the hydrophobic peptide representing the carboxyl-terminal half of glycophorin BA was determined. The other two fractions, IIIa and IIIb, were still heterogeneous when analyzed by gel electrophoresis. Fraction IIIa contained two glycophorins having apparent molecular weights of 46,000 and 42,000, while fraction IIIb contained a glycoprotein having a marked tendency to aggregate. PMID- 7118850 TI - Neutral glycosphingolipids and gangliosides of bovine thyroid. AB - By the application of a ganglioside-mapping technique, the lipid composition of bovine thyroid was analyzed systematically. The contents of cholesterol, lipid bound phosphorus and lipid-bound sialic acid in bovine thyroid were 5.10, 9.76, and 0.28 mumol/g of dry tissue, respectively, and the molar ratio of cholesterol, lipid-bound sialic acid, and lipid-bound phosphorus was 52.4 : 2.9 : 100.0. The following phospholipids were contained in this order: phosphatidylcholine greater than phosphatidylethanolamine greater than sphingomyelin greater than phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol greater than cardiolipin. When compared on a molar basis, the amount of total glycosphingolipids was only 3% of phospholipids. As the major neutral glycosphingolipids, ceramide glucoside, ceramide galactoside, ceramide lactoside, ceramide trihexoside and globoside were identified and the most abundant component was globoside (40% of total neutral glycosphingolipids). On the other hand, five molecular species of gangliosides were identified: GM3, GM1, fucosyl GM1, GD3, and GD1a. Three types of GD3 and GD1a with a different sialic acid composition were recognized on the ganglioside map and isolated in pure forms. GM3 was the most abundant component, but the concentration of gangliosides with ganglio-N-tetraose in bovine thyroid was higher than that of gangliosides with lactose. Also fucosyl GM1 comprised 13% of total gangliosides. Thus, the high concentrations of gangliosides with ganglio-N tetraose and fucosyl GM1 seemed to be characteristic of bovine thyroid glycosphingolipids. The glycosphingolipids contained in the following order: GM3 greater than GD1a greater than globoside greater than GM1 greater than ceramide trihexoside greater than fucosyl GM1 greater than ceramide lactoside greater than ceramide glycoside greater than GD3 greater than ceramide galactoside. PMID- 7118851 TI - Purification and characterization of multiple forms of mutarotase from hog kidney cortex. AB - The enzyme mutarotase [aldose 1-epimerase, EC 5.1.3.3] from hog kidney cortex was separated into four fractions (designated types I, II, III, and IV in order of elution) by column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. Two major forms, types I and II, were purified to homogeneity as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing on thin layer polyacrylamide gel. Types I, II, III, and IV had isoelectric points of 5.78, 5.48, 5.23, and 5.10, respectively. The following physicochemical properties were common to all four types: molecular weight, 41,000; Km for alpha-D-glucose at pH 7.4 and 25 degrees C, 19 mM; optimum pH, 6.5-7.5; optimum temperature, 30-37 degrees C; heat stability, up to 50 degrees C. On double immunodiffusion, the four types of mutarotase gave single precipitin lines, which fused completely with each other, against the antibody to purified type II enzyme. Types I and II had an identical amino-terminal residue, arginine, and an identical carboxyl-terminal sequence, -(Phe-Phe-Ser-Val)-Val Ala. The amino acid composition of type I was almost identical with that of type II. Very similar tryptic peptide maps were obtained from types I and II, with only a few points of variance. These results suggest that the four types of hog kidney mutarotase are quite similar but not identical. PMID- 7118852 TI - Filament formation from gizzard myosin for calcium sensitizing effect of skeletal troponin on the contractile activities of gizzard myosin. PMID- 7118853 TI - Intracellular redox state and control of gluconeogenesis in perfused chicken liver. AB - The role of the cellular redox state in the control of gluconeogenesis was studied in hemoglobin-free perfused chicken liver, by fluorimetric measurement of the redox states of intracellular pyridine nucleotides. The aminotransferase inhibitor, aminooxyacetate, completely inhibited gluconeogenesis from lactate in the perfused rat liver and to a small extent in the perfused chicken liver. In chicken liver, the highest rate of glucose production was seen with lactate, followed by fructose, pyruvate, and glycerol. When compared at 5 mM, the rate of glucose production from pyruvate was only 10% of that from lactate. Glucose production from a pyruvate/lactate mixture decreased with increasing proportions of pyruvate, together with redox changes of pyridine nucleotides to a more oxidized state. Increased reduction of pyridine nucleotides upon infusion of ethanol was associated with an increased glucose production from pyruvate, and the increase was abolished during octanoate infusion. This abolishment was accompanied by an increase in the acetoacetate to beta-hydroxybutyrate ratio with an oxidation of pyridine nucleotides. The octanoate-inhibited gluconeogenesis occurred at the higher lactate concentration (10 mM) with a transient oxidation of pyridine nucleotides. No significant inhibition was observed at 1 mM lactate, although an instant reduction of pyridine nucleotides was taking place. The rate of beta-hydroxybutyrate generation during octanoate infusion was 2.2 times higher at 1 mM than at 10 mM lactate. The inhibitory effect of octanoate on glyconeogenesis was completely relieved by the addition of NH4Cl. The results demonstrate that the regeneration of NADH in the cytosol is limited in chicken liver, and that gluconeogenesis is regulated, in part, by alteration in the redox states of mitochondria and cytosol. PMID- 7118854 TI - Partial purification of estrogen-dependent peroxidase of rat uterus and comparison of the properties with those of other animal peroxidases. AB - An attempt was made to solubilize a peroxidase from the uterine tissue of estrogen-primed rats using various detergents, and the best result was obtained by incubation with 4% cetyltrimethylammonium bromide at 37 degrees C for 60 min. The solubilized material was then dialyzed and subjected to gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200 followed by CM-cellulose chromatography, resulting in a 50-250 fold increase in specific activity over the detergent extract. Some properties of the partially purified uterine tissue peroxidase were studied in comparison with those of other animal peroxidases. The absorption spectra, molecular weight, and isoelectric point are very similar to those of lactoperoxidase. However, the oxidation rates of various hydrogen donor substrates by the uterine peroxidase were not parallel to those of lactoperoxidase and other animal peroxidases and the affinities for cyanide and azide of these enzymes were somewhat different from each other. The uterine peroxidase was inhibited by histidine and excess hydrogen peroxide competitively with respect to guaiacol, suggesting an important role of an amino acid residue in the protein moiety. PMID- 7118855 TI - Isolation and characterization of autolysosomes which appeared in rat liver after leupeptin treatment. AB - Autolysosomes were isolated from rat livers treated with leupeptin by a combination of differential and Percoll density gradient centrifugation techniques. The purified autolysosome fraction was verified by morphological analysis to be highly purified and to contain contaminants which were scarcely detectable. The enrichment of the lysosomal enzyme activities in the purified autolysosomes over the homogenate was 12-, 14-, 22-, and 24-fold for beta glucuronidase, acid phosphatase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, and cathepsin D, respectively. Measurement of the activity of the marker enzymes for various subcellular organelles also proved that the purified autolysosome fraction was essentially free from contamination by other organelles. When the autolysosomes isolated from rat livers treated with leupeptin for 1 h were disrupted by osmolysis, acid hydrolases were easily solubilized. Acid phosphatase, however, became membrane bound in the autolysosomes prepared at longer periods of time after the leupeptin treatment. The autolysosomes exhibited enhanced permeability of the membranes after a short duration of time after the leupeptin treatment (30 and 60 min) and became stabilized later. These changes in the properties of the autolysosomes with time after the leupeptin treatment may be interpreted as meaning that progressive rearrangement of the lysosomal constituents occurred within the autolysosomes with time after the genesis. PMID- 7118856 TI - Deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of deuterated pyridine iron(III) porphyrin complexes. Locations and relaxation times of bound deuterated pyridine resonances. AB - The first application of deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (2H NMR) to fully deuterated pyridine (d5-pyridine)-iron(III) porphyrin complexes is described. (1) d5-Pyridine gives very broad 2H NMR signals in the presence of hemin or horseradish peroxidase to which pyridine is hardly (or not) bound, probably due to relatively long electronic relaxation times of the high-spin ferric ions. d5-Pyridine in the presence of horse-heart metmyoglobin gives resolved and less broadened 2H NMR signals, probably due to the relatively short electronic relaxation times of the ferric ion and/or to slow chemical exchange of the ligand. (2) The three resonances of free d5-pyridine coalesce into a single or a double resonance in the presence of a heme octapeptide prepared by trypsin digestion of Candida krusei cytochrome c. Nuclear spin-lattice and spin-spin relaxation times of the d5-pyridine-heme octapeptide complex are markedly shorter than those of free d5-pyridine. These findings are interpreted by the chemical exchange mechanism from the temperature dependences of the relaxation times. Thus, on certain assumptions the residence time of pyridine in the bound state and the exchange rate are estimated as approximately 10(-3) s and approximately 400 s-1, respectively, at 25 degrees C. Since 1H NMR signals of axial ligands of paramagnetic hemoproteins are hard to observe, the usefulness of deuterium magnetic resonance for investigating ligand exchange in the paramagnetic hemoproteins is emphasized. PMID- 7118857 TI - Purification and characterization of 1,2-alpha-mannosidase of Aspergillus oryzae. AB - 1,2-alpha-Mannosidase was purified approximately 1,400-fold from an enzyme product of Aspergillus oryzae. The enzyme showed a single band in disc gel electrophoresis and the molecular weight was estimated to be about 49,000 daltons by gel exclusion chromatography. The substrate specificity of the enzyme was examined with mannooligosaccharides, yeast mannan, glycopeptides, and a glycoprotein. The alpha-(1 leads to 2)-linking mannose residues located at the nonreducing-ends of the substrates were selectively removed by the enzyme, whereas p-nitrophenyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside was completely stable to the enzyme. alpha-(1 leads to 2)-Linking mannose residues in intact bovine pancreatic ribonuclease B were also removed completely with the enzyme. The enzyme showed an optimum pH in the range of pH 4.9 to 5.3 and had a Km value of 0.57 mM with 1,2 alpha-mannobiose. The present alpha-mannosidase was quite stable, and the activity was inhibited by D-mannono-gamma-lactone and by heavy metal ions, including zinc ions. PMID- 7118858 TI - Poly(dT) inhibition of globin synthesis in the rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. Reversal of the inhibition by poly(dT)-binding protein. AB - The mechanism of inhibition of globin synthesis by poly(dT) was studied in the rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. When the lysate was incubated with [14C]poly(dT), poly(dT) was found to bind with the native 40S ribosomal subunit and the "supernatant factor." But the binding to the native 40S ribosomal subunits was not directly related to the poly(dT) inhibition. Ribosomal subunits were prepared from rabbit reticulocytes and tested for their binding with poly(dT) and their effect on the poly(dT) inhibition. Poly(dT) was found to bind with the derived 40S ribosomal subunit, but not with the derived 60S subunit, and the poly(dT) inhibition was slightly reversed by the derived 40S ribosomal subunit. Under conditions such that the elongation of nascent chains was inhibited by sparsomycin, the formation of the 80S/Met-tRNAf complex was inhibited by poly(dT) and the inhibition was greater at high concentration of KOAc. However, the formation of the 40S/Met-tRNAf complex was inhibited to the same extent at 70 mM and 200 mM KOAc in the presence of GMPPCP. A factor (TF) that reverses the poly(dT) inhibition was partially purified from the KCl-wash of rabbit reticulocyte ribosomes by ammonium sulfate fractionation, and Sephadex G 150 and DEAE-cellulose column chromatographies. From the Sephadex G-150 and DEAE cellulose column chromatography of TF, the molecular weight of TF was estimated to be 81,000-102,000. TF reversed the poly(dT) inhibition of 80S/[3H]mRNA/Met tRNAf complex or that of 40S/[3H]mRNA/Met-tRNAf complex. TF bound to [14C]poly(dT) or 3H-labeled globin mRNA. SDS/polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis of the complexes between the factor and [14C]poly(dT) or [3H]mRNA showed common polypeptide bands of 22,500, 25,000, and 49,000 daltons. These data can be explained by assuming that poly(dT) binds to a factor which is required for the binding of 40S/Met-tRNAf complex with mRNA to form inactive complexes, and thus inhibits globin synthesis. The relationship between the poly(dT)-binding protein and known initiation factors is discussed. PMID- 7118859 TI - Cross-linking study on skeletal muscle actin: properties of suberimidate-treated actin. AB - Cross-linking experiments were performed on muscle skeletal actin, using imidoesters of various chain lengths. Chemical analyses on all products except one (derived from succinimidate) show evidence of the presence of intramolecular cross-links in the molecule. The detailed properties of suberimidate-treated actin (SA) are as follows: SA contains nearly 1 mol of intramolecular cross-link per mol of actin and less than 15% of intermolecularly cross-linked products. Even at a low salt concentration, SA is polymeric, exchanges slowly its bound nucleotide with free nucleotides in solution, and shows an F-actin-type CD spectrum. Electron micrographs of SA reveal that SA exists actually as fibrous polymers in solutions of low ionic strength, although the fibers seem to be less rigid than those at high salt concentration. The F-form of SA at a high salt concentration is indistinguishable from intact F-actin. SA can bind heavy meromyosin and activate the ATPase of heavy meromyosin as observed for intact F actin. Tropomyosin binds SA only at a high salt concentration. These results show that SA possesses the properties of F-actin even in media of low salt concentration, which are favorable for depolymerization of F-actin. Thus, we may infer that the conformation of SA is frozen in the F-state of actin by the introduction of intramolecular cross-links in the protein. PMID- 7118860 TI - Developmental profiles of glycolipids in mouse small intestine. AB - The major gangliosides were isolated from small intestine of 2-week-old mice of C3H/He strain and identified as GM3, GM1, and GD1a. These gangliosides characteristically contained a phytosphingosine moiety and alpha-hydroxy fatty acids. The gangliosides contained both N-glycolylneuraminic acid and N acetylneuraminic acid. Gangliosides GM3, GM1, and GD1a contents increased in mouse small intestine during the suckling period, and decreased after weaning. In contrast, neutral glycosphingolipids appeared after weaning, except for monohexosyl ceramide, which was present at a fairly constant level throughout postnatal life. The same results were obtained with mice of other strains and germ-free ICR mice, although such changes could not be observed in rats. These observations indicate that the developmental change in the composition of glycosphingolipids occurs in a species-specific manner. PMID- 7118861 TI - Lifetime of tyrosine fluorescence in nucleosome core particles. AB - The fluorescence intensity and fluorescence lifetime of the tyrosine residues in calf thymus nucleosome core particles have been determined as functions of the ionic strength of the solvent. For interpreting the results, in the first approximation, the 30 tyrosine residues involved in the particle are classified into two groups. About 12 belong to class I; they are distributed in the protein core with an average distance of 2.0 nm from its center. In the intact particle (in 20 mM to 0.4 M salt solution), a Forster-type energy transfer is considered to take place from these class-I tyrosine residues to the DNA bases, but this no longer occurs on elevating the salt concentration to about 1.4 m. The remaining tyrosine residues (about 18, called class II) are considered to be involved in hydrogen bonds or in some other intramolecular interactions in the intact core particles, so that their fluorescence is completely quenched. On elevating the salt concentration to 2.0 M, this quenching is partially removed. Implications of these dynamic and static quenching are discussed in terms of the structure of the core particle. PMID- 7118862 TI - Action of T4 endonuclease V on polydeoxyribonucleotides with apyrimidinic or apurinic sites. AB - [3H]Thymine-labeled poly(dA) . poly(dT) carrying many apyrimidinic (AP) sites has been prepared by treating an enzymatically synthesized poly(dA) . poly(dT, dU) with uracil-DNA glycosylase. Incubation of the polymer with a homogeneous preparation of T4 endonuclease V resulted in conversion of the labeled material into acid-soluble forms. Native DNA with apurinic sites was also cleaved by the enzyme. Single-stranded polymers, poly(dT) carrying AP sites or poly(dT) with thymine dimers, were barely attacked by T4 endonuclease V. The polymer whose aldehyde moieties at AP sites were reduced to alcoholic forms was not susceptible to the enzyme. The site of endonucleolytic cleavage was determined by using alternating copolymers whose phosphate groups were differentially labeled. The result is consistent with the view that T4 endonuclease V cleaves a phosphodiester linkage on the 3'-side of AP sites, producing chains terminated at their 3'-ends with base-free deoxyribose and at their 5'-ends with phosphate. PMID- 7118863 TI - Fractionation and characterization of basic proline-rich peptides of human parotid saliva and the amino acid sequence of proline-rich peptide P-E. AB - Basic proline-rich peptides of human parotid saliva were fractionated and characterized. The amino acid sequence of one of the purified peptides, P-E, was determined to be (formula: see text). The results demonstrate the repetitiveness of the partial sequence within the molecule and the occurrence of structures common to those of other salivary polypeptides such as P-C and Protein C. PMID- 7118864 TI - Novel formation of alpha-amino acids and their derivatives from oxo acids and ammonia in an aqueous medium. AB - In the course of a study of chemical evolution of the primeval sea, a novel reaction of carbonyl compounds with ammonia was found. Glyoxylic acid reacted with ammonia to afford N-oxalylglycine, which gave glycine in a 3-20% yield after 6 N HCl hydrolysis. Similarly, glyoxylic acid was treated with methylamine to give N-oxalylsarcosine, which afforded sarcosine in a 9-12% yield upon hydrolysis. Pyruvic acid reacted with ammonia to give N-acetylalanine, which gave alanine in a 1-4% yield upon hydrolysis. These reactions provide a novel and facile route to alpha-amino acids and their derivatives. A mechanism for the reactions is proposed. PMID- 7118865 TI - Stimulation of gluconeogenesis by glucagon and norepinephrine in the perfused chicken liver. AB - The effects of glucagon and norepinephrine on gluconeogenesis by perfused chicken liver were studied with fluorimetric monitoring of the redox states of the intracellular pyridine nucleotides. Glucagon stimulated glucose production from precursors entering the pathway both above and below the level of triose phosphates without causing a detectable effect on the redox states of pyridine nucleotides. Glucagon stimulation was not abolished by subsequent infusion of octanoate or ethanol. The presence of a pyruvate/lactate mixture plus NH4Cl resulted in a maximum efficacy of glucagon. Glucose production from lactate and fructose was stimulated by norepinephrine. Norepinephrine always caused a change towards increased reduction of pyridine nucleotides with an increase in the beta hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate ratio, but displayed no stimulation of glucose and lactate production from pyruvate. As a result of octanoate infusion with lactate, the changes induced by norepinephrine were reversed. The responses to norepinephrine and phenylephrine were decreased markedly in liver perfused with a calcium-free medium and/or with phentolamine. Infusion of calcium into the calcium-deficient liver caused an abrupt elevation of glucose production together with a reduction of pyridine nucleotides, and the original response to norepinephrine was recovered. The results demonstrate that the effects of glucagon and norepinephrine on gluconeogenesis are not identical, and that norepinephrine stimulation is mediated through an alpha-adrenergic and calcium dependent mechanism in which redox changes of mitochondrial pyridine nucleotides are involved. PMID- 7118866 TI - Estimation of the free energy change of substrate binding lysozyme-catalyzed reactions. AB - The binding constant and binding free energy of each subsite of lysozyme upon substrate binding have been customarily estimated from the experimental data with assumptions regarding the binding mode of substrate and the additivity of binding free energy of each subsite. In the present study, the binding constants and binding free energy of subsites were estimated from experimentally obtained overall binding constants on native and Trp 62-modified lysozymes. The estimations of binding constants and binding free energy were carried out by an optimization method, the modified Powell method, without assuming the binding mode for substrate. First the binding free energies of subsites A, B, and C were estimated from the experimental binding constants of (GlcNAc)1 to (GlcNAc)3, and the binding free energies of subsites D, E, and F were determined from the estimated free energies of subsites A, B, and C, and the experimentally obtained reaction time-courses of substrate (GlcNAc)5. Finally, the values of three rate constants in the lysozyme-catalyzed reaction of chitooligosaccharide were estimated from the experimental time-course by using the binding free energies obtained by the modified Powell method. PMID- 7118867 TI - Fluorescence characteristics of kynurenine and N'-formylkynurenine. Their use as reporters of the environment of tryptophan 62 in hen egg-white lysozyme. AB - Several kynurenine derivatives including N'-formylkynurenine were prepared in high purity by the ozonization of the corresponding indole compounds. The fluorescence characteristics of those derivatives were examined in connection with the use of their fluorophores as reporters for the local environment of tryptophan in proteins. Kynurenine is a weak emitter of fluorescence, with an emission maximum at 480 nm on excitation at 365 nm. With decreasing solvent polarity, the fluorescence intensity increases logarithmically and the emission maximum shifts to blue. A linear relation between these fluorescence characteristics and solvent polarity exists when the polarity is shown in terms of dielectric constant. N'-Formylkynurenine is a somewhat stronger emitter of fluorescence than kynurenine. The emission maximum is 434 nm on excitation at 325 nm and it shifts to blue in solvents of low polarity. This blue shift is also linear with respect to the dielectric constant of the solvent. Other factors influencing kynurenine fluorescence and N'-formylkynurenine fluorescence examined were neighboring groups, ionic strength, temperature, and protein denaturants. Based on the results of the present investigation, the local environment of tryptophan 62 in hen egg-white lysozyme was examined using Kyn 62-lysozyme. PMID- 7118868 TI - Purification and characterization of a beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase of sea-squirt. AB - A beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase [EC 3.2.1.30] was isolated from internal organs of the sea-squirt, Styela plicata. The enzyme was purified 1,560-fold in 5% yield. The preparation was fairly homogeneous as examined by disc and SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Sephadex G-200 chromatography. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 132,000 by gel chromatography and 66,000 by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Therefore, this beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase was considered to be a dimer. The optimum pH for activity was 4.0 but the enzyme was stable in the pH range from 5 to 6. The isoelectric point was 4.99. This enzyme was inhibited by Fe2+, Hg2+, Ag+, and PCMB but not by acetate. The isolated enzyme hydrolyzed both p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide and p nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminide. The hydrolysis rate of p-nitrophenyl N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminide was 43% of that of p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D glucosaminide. The enzyme liberated N-acetylhexosamine from asialodegalactosyl ovomucoid glycopeptide, asialodegalactosyl fetuin glycopeptide and the fragment of hyaluronic acid prepared by hyaluronidase treatment. PMID- 7118869 TI - A 13C nuclear magnetic resonance study of histone H1 in 2-chloroethanol and aqueous solutions. Identification of peaks characteristic of secondary folding. AB - A 13C NMR study of calf thymus histone H1 in both aqueous solution and 2 chloroethanol solution was performed to clarify the folding behavior in these systems. To ascertain the general trend of displacements of 13C shifts upon folding in an enhanced manner, the latter solvent was employed since it is known to increase the amount of alpha-helix content in histone to about 50%. Generally, upfield displacements of C beta signals (up to 1.4 ppm) were clearly identified as helix-induced peaks, although displacements of C alpha signals, which might be much larger, were not easily distinguished because of overlap of several broadened signals with reduced peak intensities. In particular, we found that the upfield displacement of Ala C beta, by 1.1 ppm, is an excellent probe to monitor the presence of alpha-helix conformation in both 2-chloroethanol and aqueous solutions. This upfield displacement of the C beta signal in alpha-helix segment is consistent with our previous findings for a number of model polypeptides by ordinary and solid-state high resolution 13C NMR spectroscopy. Further, we observed that 13C peaks of several residues (Tyr, Ser, Leu, Ile, and Val) were suppressed as a result of specific folding of H1 in the presence of NaCl in aqueous solution. Thus, it appears that several tightly-folded segments whose 13C signals were considerably broadened are located in the central core portion. PMID- 7118871 TI - Comparative studies on the structures of the carbohydrate moieties of human fibrinogen and abnormal fibrinogen Nagoya. AB - Human fibrinogen contains four asparagine-linked sugar chains in one molecule. All B beta and gamma subunits obtained from both normal fibrinogen and abnormal fibrinogen Nagoya contain 1 mol each of an asparagine-linked sugar chain. The sugar chains were quantitatively liberated as radioactive oligosaccharides from the polypeptide portion by hydrazinolysis followed by N-acetylation and NaB3H4 reduction. By the combination of sequential exoglycosidase digestion and methylation analysis, the structures of the sugar chains of human fibrinogen were elucidated to be NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 6Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 2Man alpha 1 leads to 6(NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 6Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNac beta 1 leads to 2Man alpha 1 leads to 3)Man beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc and Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 2Man alpha 1 leads to 6(NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 6Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 2Man alpha 1 leads to 3)Man beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc. Neither quantitative nor qualitative differences were found between the sugar chain moieties of normal fibrinogen and fibrinogen Nagoya, indicating that the molecular basis of the abnormality in the latter may reside in its polypeptide moieties. PMID- 7118870 TI - Perturbation of phospholipid metabolism by erucic acid in male Sprague-Dawley rat heart. AB - Erucic acid was incorporated into cardiac phosphatidylserine and hepatic and cardiac sphingomyelin of male Sprague-Dawley rat. The fatty acid compositions of mitochondrial and microsomal phospholipids were similar in both liver and heart. The effect of a low fat diet and a diet containing erucic acid on the fatty acid composition of mitochondrial and microsomal phospholipids was also similar, except for the effect on sphingomyelin. However, the diet containing erucic acid influenced the metabolism of phosphatidylcholine of the heart but not of the liver, indicating that the turnover of 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl phosphatidylcholine in the heart was inhibited by the diet containing erucic acid. On the other hand, the proportion of erucic acid in the free fatty acid was higher in the heart than in the liver. PMID- 7118873 TI - Purification of folding proteins of DNA from cultured mouse mammary carcinoma cells. AB - We described methods of preparation of folding proteins of DNA in quantity for further characterization. In principle folding proteins were first isolated as a specific DNA-protein complex from the bulk cellular proteins by centrifugation through a sucrose density gradient, followed by dissociation or by passage through a SH-Sepharose column. The overall yield was 105 micrograms of folding proteins from 1.5 x 10(9) cells. The folding protein preparation was shown to be composed of a mixture of a few kinds of SH-containing proteins, the main components being of molecular weight of 52 K and 60 K. PMID- 7118872 TI - High performance liquid chromatography of pyridylamino derivatives of sulfated oligosaccharides in the deamination products of porcine and whale heparins. PMID- 7118874 TI - Characterization of cathepsin D in porcine adrenocortical lysosomes. AB - More than 95% of the apparent cathepsin D activity in the lysosomes of porcine adrenal cortex was due to a genuine cathepsin D that has a molecular weight of 42,800 +/- 800 (mean +/- standard deviation of the mean in 5 runs) as determined by Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. On CM-Sephadex C-50 column chromatography at pH 6.9, the enzyme was resolved into five peaks which were termed Fractions D1 through D5 in order of their elution from the column. Fraction D4 and Fraction D5 together constituted more than 70% of the total cathepsin D, and were purified through chromatographic procedures to constant specific activities. The content of lysosomal cathepsin D was estimated to be about 1% of the total cellular protein. On isoelectric focusing, Fraction D4 was resolved into one major band with pI of 7.34 (termed Form D4-1) and one minor band of 7.20 (Form D4-2), while Fraction D5 gave one major band with pI of 7.50 (Form D5-1) and two minor ones of 7.37 (Form D5-2) and of 7.20 (Form D5-3). All of these 5 bands were enzymatically active. On SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, both Form D4-1 and Form D5-1 dissociated into three subunits with molecular weights of 27,400 +/- 500 (termed Subunit A), 24,600 +/- 400 (Subunit B) and 13,800 +/- 600 (Subunit C) (mean +/- standard deviation of the mean in 16 determinations). The three subunits all contained carbohydrates. PMID- 7118875 TI - Interaction of polycyclic hydrocarbons with cytochrome P-450. I. Specific binding of various hydrocarbons to P-448(1). AB - Interaction of various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with P-448(1) from rabbit liver microsomes was demonstrated by measuring absorption, CD and fluorescence spectra of the hydrocarbons, the cytochrome and the complexes of both. On binding of hydrocarbons such as pyrene and benz[a]anthracene to P-448(1), prominent CD peaks appeared at around the wavelengths where the hydrocarbons possess absorption bands. Correspondingly, fluorescence of the hydrocarbons was quenched to various extents depending on the hydrocarbon examined but was restored when the protein structure was destroyed by denaturation. The absorption peaks of the bound hydrocarbons also shifted toward a longer wavelength. Such an appearance of CD bands, quenching of fluorescence emission or a shift of absorption peaks was not seen when the hydrocarbons were mixed with P-450(1) or albumin. Titration experiments indicated that hydrocarbons can bind specifically and tightly to P 448(1) at a single binding site to form equimolar complexes. Complexes of 21 kinds of hydrocarbons, possessing 2 to 5 benzene rings spread in various directions, were isolated and their spectral properties were investigated. It was shown that the hydrocarbons bind to P-448(1) at the same site and compete with one another. Evidence was obtained that the hydrocarbons were bound at the substrate site in the heme-containing domain of the monooxygenase, P-448(1), and metabolized by the aid of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase in the presence of NADPH and O2. PMID- 7118876 TI - Interaction of polycyclic hydrocarbons with cytochrome P-450. II. Flash photolysis studies on various hydrocarbon-bound P-448(1) CO compounds. PMID- 7118877 TI - Interaction of polycyclic hydrocarbons with cytochrome P-450. III. Effects of hydrocarbon binding on the interaction of some ligands with P-448(1) heme. AB - The binding of polycyclic hydrocarbons to P-448(1) affected the interaction of exogenous ligands, such as ethyl isocyanide and CO in the ferrous state and 1 methyl imidazole in the ferric state, with the heme to various extents depending on the structure of the hydrocarbons. The effect of the hydrocarbons on dissociation constants (Kd) on the three ligands was essentially similar. Kd of ethyl isocyanide and CO for hydrocarbon-free P-448(1) were 18 microM and 1.1 microM, respectively. The affinities of both the ligands increased about 3-fold when hydrocarbons of a small molecular size, such as phenanthrene, were bound to P-448(1). Addition of a benzene ring to the outside of the phenanthrene molecule resulted in a remarkable decrease in the affinities of both the ligands. The binding of larger hydrocarbons in size produced a stronger inhibitory effect on the interaction of ethyl isocyanide with P-448(1). Thus, Kd of the isocyanide for benz[a]anthracene-bound and dibenz[a,c]anthracene-bound P-448(1) were estimated to be 260 microM and 3 mM, respectively. Spectral changes hardly occurred on addition of 4 mM ethyl isocyanide to 3-methylcholanthrene-bound or 7,8 benzoflavone-bound P-448(1). The effect of the hydrocarbon binding on Kd of the ligands was depressed when a benzene ring which links two aromatic rings in the hydrocarbon molecule was replaced by a single C-C bond. A probable structure of the active area of P-448(1) composed of the substrate site and the heme is proposed based on the effect of the hydrocarbon binding on the interaction between the exogenous ligands and the P-448(1) heme iron reported in this series of papers. The binding of hydrocarbons to P-448(1) increased the intensity ratio of the 430 nm to the 453 nm peak of the absorption spectrum of the ethyl isocyanide compound. When a large and long hydrocarbon in shape such as dibenz[a,h]anthracene was bound to P-448(1), a red shift of the Soret absorption peak and modification of the Soret CD pattern of the CO compound were observed. PMID- 7118878 TI - The reversal of cortisol-induced inhibition of alpha-lactalbumin production by prostaglandins in the mouse mammary gland in culture. AB - Previous studies of cultured mammary gland from mid-pregnant mice showed that addition of cortisol at concentrations ranging from 3 X 10(-8) to 3 X 10(-6) M caused progressive increases in casein accumulation but marked decreases in alpha lactalbumin accumulation in tissue cultured in the presence of insulin and prolactin (Ono, M., and Oka, T. (1980) Cell 19, 473-480). The present studies showed that the addition of prostaglandin (PG) E2 blocked the inhibitory effect of cortisol on the synthesis and accumulation of alpha-lactalbumin without affecting casein production. The effect of PGE2 was observed at a concentration as low as 6.6 X 10(-8) M and was maximal at 2.8 X 10(-6) M. Among various prostaglandins tested, PGE2 and PGE1 were most potent and other prostaglandins were also active with the potency decreasing in the following order: PGF1 alpha greater than or equal to PGF2 alpha greater than or equal to PGA2 greater than or equal to PGB2 greater than PGA1 greater than or equal to PGB1. Arachidonic acid was also effective, but only at very high concentrations, 6.6 X 10(-5)-1.6 X 10( 4) M. The ability of prostaglandins to allow a maximal formation of the two milk proteins suggests a possible modulatory role of prostaglandins in hormonal control of milk-protein synthesis. PMID- 7118879 TI - Virtual coupling in the 1H NMR spectrum of N,N'-diacetyl chitobioside. Application to glycopeptides. AB - The unexplained line shape for the anomeric hydrogen resonance of the core GlcNAc observed in the 1H NMR spectra of high mannose N-linked glycopeptides (Bruch, R. C., and Bruch, M. D. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 3409-3413) can be accounted for by virtual coupling. Complete assignment, at various temperatures, of the 360-MHz 1H NMR spectrum of beta-methyl N,N'-diacetyl chitobioside confirms this interpretation. This analysis has revealed the existence of a long range chemical shift perturbation in these glycopeptides which is interpreted as arising from their specific three-dimensional structure. PMID- 7118880 TI - Characterization of the structural determinants required for the high affinity interaction of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides with immobilized Phaseolus vulgaris leukoagglutinating and erythroagglutinating lectins. AB - The carbohydrate binding specificities of the leukoagglutinating phytohemagglutinin (L-PHA) and erythroagglutinating phytohemagglutinin (E-PHA) lectins of the red kidney bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, have been investigated by lectin-agarose affinity chromatography of Asn-linked oligosaccharides. High affinity binding to E-PHA-agarose occurs only with biantennary glycopeptides containing 2 outer galactose residues and a residue of N-acetylglucosamine linked beta 1,4 to the beta-linked mannose residue in the core. This species is not retarded on L-PHA-agarose. In contrast, tri- and tetraanternnary glycopeptides containing outer galactose residues and an alpha-linked mannose residue substituted at positions C-2 and C-6 are specifically retarded on L-PHA-agarose. Triantennary glycopeptides containing outer galactose residues and an alpha linked mannose residue substituted at positions C-2 and C-4 are not retarded on L PHA-agarose. Additionally, the presence of outer sialic acid residues or a core fucose residue does not influence the behavior of complex glycopeptides on either of these lectin-agarose conjugates. This ability of E-PHA and L-PHA to discriminate between Asn-linked oligosaccharides with various branching patterns can be utilized in the fractionation of these glycopeptides (see paper following). PMID- 7118881 TI - Fractionation of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides by serial lectin-Agarose affinity chromatography. A rapid, sensitive, and specific technique. AB - We present a general technique for fractionating cell-derived asparagine-linked oligosaccharides on the basis of oligosaccharide structure. This procedure has been applied to the study of [2-3H]mannose-labeled mouse lymphoma cells (BW5147). The fractionation scheme involves serial chromatography on concanavalin A Sepharose, pea lectin-Sepharose, and leukoagglutinating phytohemagglutinin agarose. Approximately 85% of the labeled glycopeptides was retained on one or more of the affinity columns. The various fractions eluted from the columns contain relatively pure populations of glycopeptides which were used for structural analysis. The recovery of the glycopeptides was quantitative. The procedure was used to estimate the overall spectrum of Asn-linked oligosaccharides synthesized by the lymphoma cell line. We conclude that serial lectin-agarose affinity chromatography is a rapid, sensitive, and specific technique for fractionating and analyzing Asn-linked oligosaccharides. A general fractionation scheme employing additional lectins is presented. PMID- 7118882 TI - Purification and properties of human platelet heparitinase. AB - An endoglycosidase which cleaves heparin and heparan sulfate was isolated from outdated human platelets by freeze-thaw solubilization, heparin-Sepharose chromatography, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, hydroxylapatite chromatography, octyl-agarose chromatography, concanavalin A-Sepharose chromatography, and Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration. The overall extent of purification of the platelet heparitinase is about 240,000-fold and the overall yield of the enzyme is about 5.6% as compared to the initial freeze-thaw solubilization preparation. The final product is physically homogeneous as judged by disc gel electrophoresis at acidic pH as well as gel filtration chromatography and exhibits an apparent molecular weight of approximately 134,000. Furthermore, our results indicate that the above enzyme is present within platelet lysosomes. The biologic potency of the endoglycosidase was examined as a function of pH. The data show that the platelet heparitinase is maximally active from pH 5.5 to pH 7.5. However, the enzyme possesses minimal ability to cleave heparin at pH less than 4.0 or greater than 9.0. The substrate specificity of the platelet endoglycosidase was determined by identifying susceptible linkages within the heparin molecule that can be cleaved by the above component. Our studies indicate that this enzyme is only able to hydrolyze glucuronsylglucosamine linkages. Furthermore, investigation of the structure of the disaccharide which lies on the nonreducing end of the cleaved glucuronic acid residue suggests that N-sulfation of the glucosamine moiety or ester sulfation of the adjacent iduronic acid groups are not essential for bond scission. PMID- 7118883 TI - Inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell growth by endothelial cell-derived heparin. Possible role of a platelet endoglycosidase. AB - Bovine aortic endothelial cells release a heparin-like substance in the presence of 0.4% fetal calf serum. This substance inhibited the growth of smooth muscle cells in vitro by about 70%. Substitution of platelet-poor plasma for serum resulted in minimal liberation of inhibitory activity from the cells unless at least 10-fold higher concentrations of platelet-poor plasma were utilized. This suggested that a platelet product was involved in the release process. Therefore, we examined the ability of the platelet heparitinase described in the preceding communication to release heparin-like species from cultured endothelial cells. Our results show that when endothelial cells were exposed to serum-free medium containing 1 ng/ml of the purified platelet endoglycosidase, at least as much inhibitory activity was released as was obtained with 0.4% serum. Dose response experiments indicated that only 10 pg/ml of the enzyme were necessary to liberate 50% of the inhibitory activity from endothelial cells. The heparin-like nature of the inhibitory substance was demonstrated by its sensitivity to Flavobacterium heparinase. Utilizing appropriate controls, the release of heparin-like material by the endoglycosidase was shown to be enzyme-specific and was not due to artifacts of experimental manipulations. In addition, this enzyme did not convert prereleased material to an active component, but directly liberated the active heparin-like species from endothelial cells. A simple model describing the possible role of heparin-like components and the endoglycosidase in the normal and injured wall is presented. PMID- 7118884 TI - Hydrophobic binding properties of the lectin from lima beans (Phaseolus lunatus). AB - Hydrophobic binding to the lectin from lima beans (Phaseolus lunatus) was studied by lectin-induced alterations in the fluorescence and absorption spectra of several hydrophobic ligands. The fluorescence of 1,8-anilinonaphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS) was greatly enhanced in the presence of lima bean lectin with concomitant shift of the fluorescence emission maximum from 520 to 469 nm. Similar enhancement was seen with 2,6-toluidinylnaphthalenesulfonic acid (TNS) with a shift of emission from 500 to 423 nm, and with an uncharged analogue, N phenyl-1-naphthylamine. Fluorescence titrations with ANS and rose bengal yielded affinity constants of 3.9 X 10(3) and 6 X 10(5) M-1, respectively. Fluorescence titration with TNS indicated binding heterogeneity and yielded intrinsic association constants of 7.8 X 10(4) and 2.2 X 10(3) M-1 assuming a model with two classes of independent sites. The high affinity binding had an apparent stoichiometry of 1.08 sites/lectin tetramer. Equilibrium dialysis for ANS and TNS confirmed the results of fluorescence titration and gave stoichiometries for ANS and low affinity TNS binding of one site/subunit. Neither chemical modification of thiol groups known to be essential for carbohydrate binding nor titration in the presence of haptenic sugar affected the binding of ANS or TNS to the lectin. These results indicated that the carbohydrate and hydrophobic binding sites of lima bean lectin are independent and noninteracting. PMID- 7118886 TI - A 13C NMR study of methyl-branched hydrocarbon biosynthesis in the housefly. AB - Carbon 13 NMR, radiotracer and mass spectrometry studies were performed to confirm that propionate and methylmalonate are incorporated into long chain branched hydrocarbons as the methyl branch unit, to determine whether the branching methyl group was added initially or toward the end of the elongation process, to determine the precursor of methylmalonate, and to examine the metabolism of propionate in the housefly, Musca domestica. The labeled carbons from [3-13C]propionate and [methyl-13C]methylmalonate were incorporated into the branching methyl carbon of the methylalkanes, and into the even numbered carbons in alkanes and alkenes. The labeled carbons from [2-13C]propionate and [1 13C]propionate labeled the tertiary carbon and the carbon adjacent to the teritary carbon, respectively, in the methylalkanes. Mass spectral analysis of the methylalkanes after enrichment from [1-13C]propionate showed that propionate was incorporated during the initial stages of chain synthesis of the terminally branched alkanes. Sodium [2-13C]propionate labeled the odd numbered carbons of both the alkanes and alkenes. These data suggest that propionate is converted to an acetyl derivative, with carbon 3 of propionate converted to the carboxyl carbon of acetate, and carbon 2 of propionate converted to the methyl carbon of acetate. This pathway of propionate metabolism has hitherto only been reported in plants. The labeled carbons from DL-[3,4,5-13C3]valine were incorporated intact (as determined by 13C--13C coupling) into the branching methyl carbon, tertiary carbon, and carbon adjacent to the tertiary carbon, respectively, demonstrating that valine serves as a precursor to the methylmalonate used in branched alkane biosynthesis. PMID- 7118885 TI - Phospholipid biosynthesis in human platelets. Formation of phosphatidylcholine from 1-acyl lysophosphatidylcholine by acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3 phosphocholine acyltransferase. AB - Arachidonic acid and other fatty acids are taken up by human platelets from plasma and incorporated into membrane phospholipids. However, little is known about the mechanism and specificity of the various steps of fatty acid insertion into phospholipid. Previous findings from this laboratory have shown that the incorporation of radioactive C20-unsaturated fatty acids (arachidonic, 8,11,14 eicosatrienoic, and 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic) into the phospholipids of "resting"p platelets is more rapid than that of the radioactive C16- and C18 saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. We now provide evidence that human platelet microsomes contain acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine acyltransferase. The enzyme preparation has a pH optimum of 7.0. Activity is insensitive to 1 mM EDTA and is inhibited 37% by 1 mM Ca2+ and 20% by 1 mM Mg2+. Maximal activity is observed at 100 microM 1-acyl lysophosphatidylcholine at several concentrations of fatty acyl-CoA esters. Apparent Km values from 1.05 to 5.70 microM were obtained for saturated and unsaturated fatty acyl group donors in the presence of 100 microM 1-acyl lysophosphatidylcholine as fatty acyl group acceptor. Comparison of the apparent Vmax values showed that unsaturated CoA esters were transferred more rapidly to 1-acyl lysophosphatidylcholine than saturated CoA esters. Oleate, linoleate, and arachidonate, the major unsaturated fatty acids in platelet phosphatidylcholine, were transferred at similar rates. 8,11,14-eicosatrienoate was transferred about two times faster than these three fatty acyl groups. The data indicate that the incorporation of unsaturated fatty acids into phosphatidylcholine by human platelets occurs via reacylation of 1 acyl lysophosphatidylcholine. PMID- 7118887 TI - Separate binding sites on rat liver ribosomal protein L6 for 5 S and 5.8 S ribosomal ribonucleic acids and for transfer ribonucleic acids. AB - The rat liver ribosomal protein L6 binds to 5 S and 5.8 S rRNAs, and to initiator and elongator tRNAs. Experiments were carried out to determine if the protein has separate domains for binding each of these nucleic acids. For that purpose, nucleic acid.L6 complexes were immobilized on Sepharose and their capacity to retain 32P-labeled nucleic acids was assessed. A 5 S rRNA.L6 affinity complex binds 5.8 S [32P]rRNA indicating that L6 has separate binding sites for 5 S and 5.8 S rRNAs. A 5 S rRNA.L6 affinity complex also binds [32P]tRNAPhe, and unlabeled 5.8 S rRNA does not compete with the radioactive tRNA for binding to L6, suggesting that the ribosomal protein has a third, distinct, nucleic acid binding domain. To determine if L6 has separate sites for the binding of elongator and initiator tRNAs, tRNAPhe. L6 and tRNAfMet.L6 affinity columns were constructed. The tRNAPhe.L6 affinity complex binds [32P]tRNAfMet, and the tRNAfMet.L6 complex binds [32P]tRNAPhe, suggesting there are distinct sites on L6 for the interaction with initiator and elongator tRNAs; however, competition experiments imply that, while there are two sites for binding tRNAs to L6, the sites do not discriminate between initiator and elongator tRNAs. PMID- 7118888 TI - Identification of polypeptides associated with a putative neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. AB - Polypeptides involved in the binding of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligand alpha-bungarotoxin (Mr = 8,000) to neuronal membranes were identified by three independent methods: (i) 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin bound to membrane fractions or to monolayer cultures of chick retina was cross-linked to its binding site by using glutaraldehyde, or the photoactivatable bifunctional reagent N-succinimidyl-6-(4'-azido-2'-nitrophenylamino)hexanoate. Electrophoretic analysis of the cross-linked membrane proteins revealed 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin polypeptide adducts of apparent Mr = 63,000, 43,000, and 33,000. (ii) Affinity purification of the alpha-bungarotoxin binding protein from detergent extracts of [35S]methionine-labeled retina cultures identified one major polypeptide with an Mr = 57,000. (iii) Indirect immunoprecipitation from detergent extracts of [35S]methionine-labeled rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC 12) gave evidence for a specific co-precipitation of alpha-bungarotoxin with three polypeptides (Mr = 57,000, 34,000, and 25,000). The data suggest that polypeptides of Mr - 57,000, 35,000, and 25,000 (+/- 3,000) are located at or close to the alpha-bungarotoxin binding domain of the putative neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. PMID- 7118889 TI - Methyl methanethiosulfonate as an active site probe of serine hydroxymethyltransferase. AB - Using methyl methanethiosulfonate and other sulfhydryl group modification reagents we have studied the structure and function of sulfhydryl groups in rabbit liver cytosolic serine hydroxymethyltransferase. From a tryptic digest of the enzyme, seven cysteine-containing peptides were isolated and sequenced. These peptides contained a total of 8 cysteine residues. There are no disulfide bonds in this enzyme. Of the eight sulfhydryl groups, four react with methyl methanethiosulfonate. Two sulfhydryl groups react rapidly with this reagent without altering enzyme catalytic activity. The remaining two sulfhydryl groups react more slowly and cause loss of greater than 90% of the catalytic activity of the enzyme. This nearly inactive enzyme contains pyridoxal-P and can form an enzyme-substrate complex. However, the complex dissociates from the active site suggesting that one possible role for a sulfhydryl group is to stabilize the enzyme-substrate complex. The sequence of the cysteine-containing peptide which is responsible for the mechanism-based inactivation of serine hydroxymethyltransferase by D-3-fluoroalanine was determined. This sulfhydryl group was shown not to be essential to the enzyme for catalytic activity. Also, the sequence of one of the cysteine peptides shows considerable homology to the active site cysteine peptide from tryptophan synthase. PMID- 7118890 TI - Electrostatic interactions in the reaction mechanism of bovine erythrocyte superoxide dismutase. AB - The activity of the copper- and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase decreased with increasing ionic strength. Modification of lysine residues by acetylation or succinylation inverted the effect of increasing ionic strength, whereas modification of arginine with phenylglyoxal did not. These results were noted in both photochemical and pulse-radiolysis assays. It appears that interaction of O2 with the anionic enzyme is assisted by the positive charge on lysine residues, presumably those close to the active site. By the criterion of responsiveness to ionic strength, the arginine residue close to the active site does not appear to provide electrostatic facilitation to the catalytic process. Elimination of the charge on epsilon-amino groups by raising the pH suppressed activity to the same extent as did elimination of these charges by acetylation. Activity was similarly suppressed to the same extent by covalent modification or by ionization of arginine residues, indicating that the positive charge on arginine is important for the catalytic process even though its effect is not responsive to changes in the ionic strength of the solution. PMID- 7118891 TI - Association and assembly of triglyceride and phospholipid with glycosylated and unglycosylated apoproteins of very low density lipoprotein in the intact liver cell. AB - Using estrogen-induced chick liver cells which synthesize and secrete large amounts of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), we have previously shown (Siuta Mangano, P., Howard, S., Lennarz, W. J., and Lane, M. D. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 4292-4300) that the major protein constituent of VLDL, the 350,000 molecular weight apoprotein (apoprotein B), is synthesized as a single polypeptide to which core oligosaccharides are added co-translationally. This system has now been employed to study the assembly of the apoproteins of VLDL with their glycerolipid (triglyceride and phospholipid) components and the secretion of the VLDL glycerolipids. In the presence of cycloheximide such that VLDL apoprotein synthesis is inhibited 98%, the secretion of lipids labeled from a [3H]palmitate pulse by hepatocyte monolayers was halted only after completed apoprotein chains had cleared the cell. Under conditions whereby tunicamycin inhibited [3H]glucosamine incorporation into apoprotein B by 98% and [3H]leucine incorporation into the VLDL apoproteins minimally, the unglycosylated form of apoprotein B assembled with the usual complement of triglyceride and phospholipid as did glycosylated apoprotein B to form a VLDL which was readily secreted by the hepatocyte. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that whereas apoprotein synthesis is necessary for the secretion of the major lipid components of VLDL, glycosylation of apoprotein B is not required for either the assembly of VLDL glycerolipids or for the secretion of the VLDL particle. PMID- 7118892 TI - Influence of cartilage particle size and proteoglycan aggregation on immobilization of proteoglycans. AB - Mechanisms by which proteoglycan aggregates are retained within cartilage were studied using two approaches: mechanical fragmentation of cartilage and reassociation of proteoglycans within extracted cartilage. The extractability of proteoglycans from fresh bovine nasal cartilage with low ionic strength buffer was found to vary from 13 to 45% depending upon the degree of cartilage fragmentation. Forty per cent of those extracted from finely fragmented cartilage (5-20-mu diameter) were found to be in aggregates which contained "link" proteins. A method was developed to reintroduce proteoglycans, which had been extracted with guanidine hydrochloride, into cartilage from which they had been extracted. Stability of the newly formed associations was assessed by re extraction with a guanidine hydrochloride gradient. Purified proteoglycans alone or reduced and alkylated proteoglycans formed associations which were disrupted with less than 2 M guanidine hydrochloride. Addition of "link" proteins resulted in associations which required 2-4 M guanidine hydrochloride to be re-extracted. Association of proteoglycans into Sepharose 4B particles gave extraction patterns similar to reassociation into extracted cartilage. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that proteoglycans are immobilized within cartilage through the formation of aggregates and suggest that retention is dependent upon the integrity of the collagen mesh. PMID- 7118893 TI - Product activation of pancreatic lipase. Lipolytic enzymes as probes for lipid/water interfaces. AB - During the action of pancreatic lipase and colipase on racemic 1,2 didodecanoylglycerol monolayers in the absence of bile salts, biphasic kinetics was observed under conditions of high lipid packing. Similar kinetics has earlier been reported using phospholipid-emulsified triolein droplets (Borgstrom, B. (1980) Gastroenterology 78, 954-962). These kinetics are characterized by a lag time tau d, dependent on products accumulation at the substrate/water interface. This lag time is differentiated from the previously described enzyme concentration independent lag time tau i in systems of low lipid packing (Verger, R., Mieras, M. C. E., and de Haas, G. H. (1973) J. Biol. Chem. 248, 4023-4034). Both tau i and tau d reflect a rate-limiting step due to the slow enzyme penetration into the substrate interface. The variation of tau d under different conditions (change in pH and concentration of Ca2+, enzyme, bovine serum albumin, and lipolytic products) lead us to propose a model for the product activation during lipolysis. We will discuss the use of the pancreatic lipase-colipase system to probe the lipid packing of emulsified triglyceride particles and lipoproteins using tau d as a reference value. PMID- 7118894 TI - Isolation and characterization of horseradish peroxidase compound X. AB - Horseradish peroxidase reacts with sodium [36Clll] chlorite at pH 10.7 to form a 36Cl-labeled horseradish peroxidase intermediate. The optical absorption spectrum of this intermediate is quite stable and very similar to that of horseradish peroxidase Compound II. The intermediate can be separated from small molecules by chromatography on a Sephadex G-10 column. After fractionation, 65 to 93% of 36Cl in the reaction mixture remains associated with horseradish peroxidase. The remainder of 36Cl-labeled enzyme reacts with 5,5-dimethyl-2-chloro-1,3 cyclohexanedione (monochlorodimedone) at pH 4 to transfer 36Cl from the enzyme to the halogen acceptor molecule. [36C]5,5-Dimethyl-2,2-dichloro-1,3 cyclohexanedione (dichlorodimedone) was established as the major product of the transfer reaction by co-crystallization of the enzymic product with authentic dichlorodimedone and by thin layer chromatography. A chlorine oxide ligand on a ferryl heme iron protoporphyrin IX is proposed for the structure of Compound X. PMID- 7118895 TI - The inhibition of the estrogen receptor's positive cooperative [3H]estradiol binding by the antagonist, clomiphene. AB - The calf uterine estrogen receptor showed positive cooperativity of [3H]estradiol equilibrium binding; the Scatchard plot was convex and the Hill coefficient was 1.69 +/- 0.021 (n = 14). The effects of the estrogenic antagonists, zuclomiphene (cis-2-(p-[2-chloro-1,2-diphenylvinyl]phenoxy)triethylamine citrate) and enclomiphene (trans-23-(p-[2-chloro-1,2-diphenylvinyl]phenoxy)triethylamine citrate), on the positive cooperativity of [3H]estradiol binding were measured by titrating the receptor with a variable concentration of [3H]estradiol and antagonist while maintaining a constant excess in a specific ratio of the antagonist to the [3H]estradiol. With a 45- to 55-fold molar excess of zuclomiphene or an 820- to 900-fold molar excess of enclomiphene above the [3H]estradiol concentration, the receptor's positive cooperative [3H]estradiol binding was inhibited. A transition from a convex to a linear Scatchard plot and a decrease in the Hill coefficient from 1.69 to 1.10 +/- 0.02 (n = 6) were induced. The specifically bound [3H]estradiol was inhibited 43 to 50% by the zuclomiphene and enclomiphene. The addition of unlabeled estradiol in a 1- or 2.3 fold molar excess above that of the [3H]estradiol concentration produced a 50 to 75% competitive displacement of the specifically bound [3H]estradiol; nevertheless, the Scatchard plot remained convex and the Hill coefficient was 1.74 and 1.80, respectively. Thus, inhibition of the positive cooperativity of [3H]estradiol binding by the clomiphene isomers was not due to dilution of the specifically bound [3H]estradiol by the antagonist. These data demonstrate that there are two molecular mechanisms by which an estrogen antagonist interferes with the function of the receptor: as a competitor, thus blocking the estrogen receptor's binding site to an agonist, and second by inducing conformational changes that inhibit site:site interactions and receptor activation. PMID- 7118896 TI - Proteoglycan carrier of human platelet factor 4. Isolation and characterization. AB - A large scale purification procedure for the human platelet factor 4 proteoglycan carrier molecule has been developed. A yield of 46% and a 33,000-fold purification have been achieved, using poly-L-lysine-Sepharose affinity column chromatography, PF4-agarose affinity column chromatography, and Bio-Gel A-0.5m gel filtration. The purified proteoglycan migrates as a single band during electrophoresis on cellulose acetate strips. A single symmetric peak was observed in sedimentation velocity analysis with an s value of 2.85. The molecular weight of the proteoglycan was determined to be 53,000 by sedimentation equilibrium. The purified proteoglycan contains 32% uronic acid, 31% galactosamine, 6.1% sulfate, and 9.9% protein. Aspartic acid, glutamic acid, leucine, glycine, and serine account for 55% of the total amino acids. The chondroitinase AC digest of the proteoglycan is sensitive to hydrolysis by chondro-4-sulfatase but not by chondro 6-sulfatase, indicating the presence of chondroitin 4-sulfate but not chondroitin 6-sulfate in the proteoglycan molecule. The interaction between this proteoglycan carrier of human PF4 and PF4 is strongly ionic strength-dependent. 0.3 M NaCl is required to dissociate the proteoglycan PF4 complex. PMID- 7118897 TI - The metabolism of menadione impairs the ability of rat liver mitochondria to take up and retain calcium. AB - The ability of mitochondria to take up and retain Ca2+, and thereby to effect the free intracellular concentration of this ion, is well established. More recently, it has been reported (Lehninger, A. L., Vercesi, A., and Bababunmi, E. A. (1978) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 75, 1690-1696) that the redox state of pyridine nucleotides modulates mitochondrial Ca2+ balance, since the oxidation of mitochondrial NAD(P)H is associated with the release of Ca2+ from these organelles. The latter may be achieved by a variety of treatments including the incubation of Ca2+-loaded liver mitochondria with hydroperoxides, the metabolism of which by the glutathione peroxidase-glutathione reductase system results in NADPH consumption. The metabolism of menadione (2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) by Ca2+-loaded rat liver mitochondria results in rapid oxidation and loss of pyridine nucleotides and a decrease in ATP level. It is also associated with Ca2+ release and an impaired ability of the mitochondria to take up and retain Ca2+. The effects of menadione on mitochondrial Ca2+ balance are more rapid and pronounced than those of t-butylhydroperoxide, and in contrast to those observed with the hydroperoxide, they are not abolished by pretreatment with a glutathione depleting agent. The effects of menadione on Ca2+ homeostasis are probably initiated by NAD(P)H oxidation linked to the reduction of menadione by both NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase and NAD(P)H:(quinone-acceptor) oxidoreductase. PMID- 7118898 TI - Structural aspects of the inhibitor complex formed by N-(leucyl)-o aminobenzenesulfonate and manganese with Zn2+-Mn2+ leucine aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.1). Studies by NMR. PMID- 7118899 TI - Growth hormone gene transcription is regulated by thyroid and glucocorticoid hormones in cultured rat pituitary tumor cells. PMID- 7118900 TI - Reaction of malate thiokinase with methoxycarbonyl-CoA disulfide. Evidence for half-of-the-sites reactivity. AB - Reaction of the active site-directed sulfhydryl reagent methoxycarbonyl-CoA disulfide with malate thiokinase follows pseudo-first order kinetics and leads to a complete loss in enzyme activity as measured by the overall reaction. The rate of inactivation of enzyme in buffer alone shows a linear dependence on the methoxycarbonyl-CoA disulfide concentration. In the presence of the substrate phosphate or the substrate analog sulfate, the rate of enzyme inactivation displays a hyperbolic response with respect to methoxycarbonyl-CoA disulfide. Anions such as chloride and fluoride decrease the rate of enzyme inactivation. Low concentrations of succinyl-CoA protect the enzyme against inactivation, while L-malate protection of the enzyme is observed only in the absence of added sulfate. Protection of the enzyme by ATP can be attributed to phosphorylation of the enzyme and a decrease in reactivity of the phosphoenzyme relative to the native enzyme. Enzyme reacted with excess methoxycarbonyl-CoA disulfide, although inactive with respect to turnover, catalyzes ATP-ADP exchange at one-half the rate of the native enzyme. The inactive enzyme can be phosphorylated by ATP, but only to 50% the extent of native enzyme. Titration of the enzyme with methoxycarbonyl-CoA disulfide shows that the enzyme exhibits all-of-the-sites reactivity with respect to this reagent. A correlation of titration of the enzyme with methoxycarbonyl-CoA disulfide with the loss in phosphorylation site shows that reaction of methoxycarbonyl-CoA disulfide produces half-of-the-sites reactivity with respect to enzyme phosphorylation. PMID- 7118901 TI - A description of the holes in human erythrocyte membrane ghosts. PMID- 7118903 TI - Stereochemistry of NADPH leads to NADP+ transhydrogenation catalyzed by bovine heart mitochondrial pyridine dinucleotide transhydrogenase. AB - Bovine heart submitochondrial particle energy-linked NADH leads to NADP+ transhydrogenase also catalyzes transhydrogenation between NADPH and NADP+. The stereochemistry of hydride ion transfer in the NADH leads to NADP+ reaction involves the nicotinamide 4A locus of NADH and the 4B locus of NADPH. In this paper it is demonstrated that during NADPH leads to NADP+ transhydrogenation the NADP+ is reduced exclusively at the 4B locus and that oxidation of NADPH is predominately at the 4B locus. Reduction of [4-3H]NADP+ by NADPH yielded [4A 3H]NADPH as the only product. Oxidation of [4A-3H]NADPH by NADP+ resulted in the conversion of nearly 33% of the label into [4-3H]NADP+, whereas the oxidation of [4B-3H] NADPH yielded only about a 6.5% conversion. These data suggest that while a small portion of total energy-linked NADPH leads to NADP+ transhydrogenation results from the binding of NADPH at the NAD domain of the active site with hydride transfer to NADP+ bound at the NADP domain, most of the reaction occurs by a mechanism in which both substrates are bound sequentially at the NADP domain. It is proposed that NADPH leads to NADP+ transhydrogenation represents a partial reaction of NADH leads to NADP+ transhydrogenation which involves the participation of a reduced-enzyme intermediate. PMID- 7118902 TI - Photochemical cross-linking between rabbit skeletal troponin subunits. Troponin I troponin T interactions. AB - The heterobifunctional photoaffinity probe, AGTC (N-(4-azidobenzoyl-[2-3H]glycyl) S-(2-thiopyridyl) cysteine), was attached to cysteines 48 and 64 of troponin I to determine which component of rabbit skeletal troponin was in close proximity to these cysteines. The reconstituted troponin complex (AGC labeled CM-TnI, TnT, and TnC) was photolyzed and separated using DEAE-Sephadex chromatography in the presence of 8 M urea and absence of reducing agent. Radioactivity measurements indicated that 12% of the cross-linker reacted with solvent and 88% with protein. The percentage of radiolabel found in TnI, TnI-TnT, and TnI-TnC complexes was 35, 55, and 10%, respectively. These results have shown that both TnT and TnC are within 14 A of one or both cysteines 48 and 64 of TnI. Of the total radiolabel found in TnT, 33 and 23% was found in the two cyanogen bromide fragments, CB4 (residues 176-230) and CB2 (residues 71-151). The most likely interpretation of the cross-linking results is that one of the interaction sites between TnI and TnT is an ionic interaction involving the region around cysteines 48 and 64 of TnI (residues 28-82) with the CB5 region of TnT (residues 135-185). PMID- 7118904 TI - The binding of two classes of neurotoxins to axolemma of mammalian brain. AB - The binding of a 3H-labeled ethylenediamine derivative of tetrodotoxin ([3H]EN TTX) and 125I-labeled polypeptide neurotoxins, purified from the sea anemone Anenomia sulcata (ATXII) and the scorpion Androctonus australis Hector (AaHII), was studied using axolemma-enriched membrane fractions. The membrane fractions were derived from a purified preparation of myelinated axons fractionated via a linear sucrose gradient in a zonal rotor. The specific activity of Na+K+ ATPase in the axolemma-enriched preparation, found in the 28-32% sucrose region of the density gradient, was 59.1 mumol of ATP hydrolyzed/mg of protein/h. As estimated by 3H-specific ouabain binding, this fraction contained 183.6 pmol of Na+K+ ATPase/mg of protein. The 28-32% region of the density gradient was most enriched in the binding capacity for all neurotoxins, while the stoichiometry of the binding activities varied throughout the density gradient. The maximal binding (Bmax) of [3H]EN-TTX was 1 pmol/mg; the dissociation constant (KD) of the neurotoxin for its receptor was 2 X 10(-10) M. The comparable values for ATXII were 3.2 pmol/mg and 1.5 X 10(-7) M, respectively, while AaHII had a Bmax of 0.08 pmol/mg and a KD of 3.3 X 10(-9) M. The relationship of the binding of these neurotoxins to that observed in other axonal plasma membrane preparations is discussed. PMID- 7118905 TI - Evidence for membrane microheterogeneity in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of fast twitch skeletal muscle. AB - Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) from rabbit back muscles can be readily subfractionated into two morphologically and compositionally different vesicular populations, SRH (heavy) and SRL (light) derived from terminal cisternae and longitudinal SR, respectively. Polyacrylamide gels indicate that SRH contains most of the calsequestrin. Quantitation of freeze-fractured isolated preparations reveals that, while differences in vesicular dimensions are seen in SRH and SRL, the intramembrane particle (Ca2+ ATPase) density is identical. Phospholipid headgroup composition is the same in SRH and SRL, but fatty acyl moieties show significant differences in the ratio of saturated to unsaturated phospholipids in the two fractions. The vesicular dimensions of the purified Ca2+-ATPases, SRHP and SRLP, from the two fractions are identical, but the freeze-fracture particle density is higher in the SRLP fraction. The phospholipid composition remains similar after purification, but the differences in phospholipid fatty acyl composition of the preparations are maintained. SRH and SRHP contain almost twice as much of the unsaturated species as compared to SRL and SRLP. Differences in intramembrane particle density in purified fractions, thermotropic segregation of particles in freeze-fractured purified fractions, as well as differences in turnover of the acyl phosphate, appear to reflect the differences in fatty acyl chain composition of the two SR fractions and provide evidence of microheterogeneity in lipid-protein environment of the SR. PMID- 7118906 TI - Effects of the ionophore monensin on type II collagen and proteoglycan synthesis and secretion by cultured chondrocytes. AB - Detailed studies of the effects of the ionophore monensin upon avian chondrocyte ultrastructure, macromolecular synthesis, and macromolecular secretion have been carried out. Embryonic avian chondrocytes in suspension culture were incubated in concentrations of monensin ranging from 1 X 10(-7) to 1 X 10(-6) M for durations up to 8 h. Electron microscopy revealed that the treated chondrocytes developed abnormal Golgi structures and a markedly distended rough endoplasmic reticulum. Biochemical and immunoassay studies showed that while total protein synthesis was only slightly impaired by monensin, the ionophore had pronounced effects upon the secretion of both type II collagen and proteoglycans. These two macromolecules responded to monensin inhibition in a similar fashion and accumulated within the affected chondrocytes. The kinetics of response over the monensin concentration range used was virtually identical for type II collagen and proteoglycan. Undersulfation of proteoglycan, caused by monensin, was examined by ion exchange chromatography and analysis of the products of chondroitinase ABC digestion. The results indicated that undersulfation affected all glycosaminoglycan chains in a general fashion rather than affecting a specific population of chains. PMID- 7118908 TI - Chemical modification A probe of the structure and function of the subunits of DPN-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase. AB - DPN-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase is composed of three distinct types of subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma which have molecular weights of about 40,000 but differ in isoelectric points. The relationship of subunit diversity to function was probed by use of chemical modification. 3-Bromo-2-ketoglutarate, a substrate and affinity label for the active site of isocitrate dehydrogenase, was shown to cause significant modification of all types of subunits. The substrate affinity label, 3-ene-2-keto-glutarate, labels each of the subunits equally. Approximately equal labeling of subunits was also found upon modification by cyanate of an essential lysyl residue in the isocitrate binding site. When enzyme was inactivated by a carbodiimide in the presence of glycine ethyl ester, both glutamate and aspartate residues reacted, and labeling of each type of subunit occurred. These studies suggest that the structurally distinct subunits of DPN dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase are functionally similar and each type of subunit contains a substrate binding site. PMID- 7118907 TI - Switching of beta- to alpha-tubulin phosphorylation in uterine smooth muscle of parturient rats. AB - Proteins from pregnant rat uterine myometrium, previously incubated in the presence of (32P)orthophosphate, were analyzed by one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and subsequent autoradiography. Electrophoretic patterns of Coomassie blue-stained proteins in preterm and labor myometria were indistinguishable. However, radioactivity incorporated into tubulin in preterm myometrium was predominantly associated with the beta-subunit, whereas in labor, the alpha-subunit was labeled. Endogenous phosphorylated alpha- and beta-tubulins were clearly identified on two-dimensional gel electrophoretograms by apparent molecular weights, isoelectric points, co migration with marker brain tubulin, and reactivity to specific antitubulin antibodies. The antibodies were incubated with nitrocellulose sheets onto which the myometrial proteins were electrophoretically transferred from the two dimensional gels. The switching in phosphorylation of beta- to alpha-tubulin in the labor myometrium appears to be a manifestation of estrogen action. The labor specific phosphorylation changes occurred in parallel with changes in serum estradiol/progesterone ratios. Indeed, estrogen administered to ovariectomized rats caused the appearance of phosphorylated alpha-tubulin, and this effect was inhibited by progesterone. Although the significance of tubulin phosphorylation is not currently understood, the switching in phosphorylation from beta- to alpha tubulin under estrogen domination may help clarify the role of microtubule phosphorylation. PMID- 7118909 TI - Sites and structure of gamma radiation-induced DNA strand breaks. AB - DNA fragments of defined sequence were used to study DNA strand breakage by gamma radiation in doses ranging from 2,500 to 20,000 rads. The amount of radiation induced DNA breakage is linearly dose-dependent, and strand scission events occur uniformly at all nucleotide sites, regardless of sequence. The 5'-terminal group at points of breakage is a simple phosphoryl moiety. Two types of radiation induced 3' termini were identified. One species of 3' terminus is a simple phosphoryl group. The other species of 3' terminus is neither a hydroxyl nor a phosphoryl group. A model for radiation-induced DNA strand scission that involves destruction of the deoxyribose moiety is presented. Similarities among DNA strand scission events created by gamma radiation, ferrous ion, doxorubicin, and bleomycin are discussed. PMID- 7118910 TI - Chromatin fragments containing bovine 1.715 g ml-1 satellite DNA. Nucleosome structure and protein composition. AB - Some of the properties of chromatographically purified satellite chromatin are compared with those of unfractionated, control chromatin. Nucleosomes were present in the purified satellite chromatin as verified by digestion with micrococcal nuclease and DNase I and by electron microscopy. Average nucleosome DNA repeat lengths of 186 +/- 7 and 193 +/- 5 base pairs were obtained through micrococcal nuclease digestion of the purified satellite chromatin and control chromatin, respectively; nucleosome spacer lengths were equally heterogeneous for the two chromatin samples. The distribution of Eco RI-produced chromatin fragments of different size in the satellite chromatin was the same as that calculated assuming random cleavage at each Eco RI site, consistent with the notion that nucleosomes do not have specific locations on the 1.715 g ml-1 satellite DNA. The purified satellite chromatin contained little non-histone protein, but did contain all five histones and all detectable histone sequence variants. Amounts of the core histones were identical in the satellite chromatin and the control chromatin, but the amount of histone H1 was 30% less in the satellite chromatin than in the control. Although the molar ratios for the major sequence variants of both histones H3 and H2A differed between kidney and thymus, the ratios were the same for satellite and control chromatin isolated from a single tissue. PMID- 7118911 TI - The proteins of lead-induced intranuclear inclusion bodies. AB - Characteristic intranuclear inclusion bodies have been isolated from the kidney cortex of lead-intoxicated rats. A protein has been identified which appears to be unique to the inclusion bodies. It was not detected in kidney or liver from normal rats, suggesting that it is induced by lead. However, sequestration of an extant protein by lead remains a possibility. The protein has an apparent molecular weight of 32,000 and an isoelectric point of 6.3. Although traces of related proteins were identified by 125I-tryptic peptide maps, these may be artifacts because they do not occur in some preparations. Identification of this protein provides an opportunity to characterize the molecular interactions between lead and the inclusion bodies. It has been suggested that the inclusion bodies have a protective effect in lead-intoxicated animals. The induction or sequestration of a unique protein lends support to this proposal. PMID- 7118912 TI - A transmembrane precursor of secretory component. The receptor for transcellular transport of polymeric immunoglobulins. AB - Secretory component (SC), a glycoprotein associated with polymeric IgA and IgM in external secretions, is produced by certain epithelial cells and is thought to be the receptor mediating the transepithelial transport of these immunoglobulins. We studied the biosynthesis of human SC in a cloned cell line (HT29.E10) derived from a colon adenocarcinoma. In both cell-free translations and pulse labeling of cells, SC is made as a larger precursor (Mr = 95,000). This precursor is a transmembrane protein, as a large fragment (Mr = 80,000), is protected by the membrane from proteolytic digestion. Both this membrane-protected fragment and the undigested precursor have the same NH2-terminal sequence as mature SC. These data indicate that SC is proteolytically cleaved from the NH2-terminal, ectoplasmic (noncytoplasmic) domain of the precursor. This conclusion is supported by pulse-chase experiments. The Mr = 95,000 form is first converted to a Mr = 100,000 form by addition of peripheral sugars. The Mr = 100,000 form is then slowly cleaved to a Mr = 80,000 form which is gradually released into the medium. We propose that the transmembrane precursor of SC is the receptor involved in transepithelial transport of polymeric immunoglobulins. PMID- 7118913 TI - Binding of P1,P4-bis(5'-guanosyl)tetraphosphate to brain. AB - A brain preparation, consisting of nuclei and perikarya, was able to bind tritium labeled diguanosine tetraphosphate ([3H]Gp4G). The binding was linear with both time and amount of extract and apparently presented two dissociation constant values (KD) of 0.16 and 0.6 microM, respectively, as determined by equilibrium binding experiments. Inhibition of [3H]Gp4G specific binding by 50% at equilibrium was accomplished by cold Gp4G, guanosine 5'-tetraphosphate, diguanosine triphosphate, and GTP at 0.7, 2.8, 3.1, and 10 microM concentrations, respectively. Diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A) at concentrations up to 100 microM did not affect the observed binding of [3H]Gp4G to brain. These results suggest that this binding is specific and requires the existence of 4 phosphates plus at least 1 guanosine residue in the molecule. The binding of Gp4G to brain increased with time of development reaching a plateau at about 20 days after birth. The data are discussed in relation to previous results on the binding of Ap4A to brain and to DNA polymerase-alpha (Grummt, F., Waltl, G., Jantzen, H-M., Hamprecht, K., Huebscher, U., and Kuenzle, C. C. (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 76, 6081-6085; Rapaport, E., Zamecnik, P. C., and Baril, E. F. (1981) Proct. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 78, 838-842). PMID- 7118914 TI - Different rates of mRNA translation balance the expression of the two human alpha globin loci. AB - The relative translational efficiency of the two human alpha-globin mRNAs, alpha 1 and alpha 2, was measured in vitro in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. To differentiate the translational products of these two mRNAs which normally encode an identical alpha-globin protein product, we used reticulocyte mRNA from a recently described Chinese subject. In this subject, an electrophoretically distinct alpha-globin mutant is encoded at the alpha 2 locus and both the alpha 1 and alpha 2-globin genes are deleted from the homologous chromosome (--/alpha 125Pro alpha). As in normal controls, the concentration of alpha 2-globin mRNA exceeded alpha 1 by approximately 3-fold. However, alpha 1- and alpha 2-globin proteins were synthesized by this reticulocyte mRNA at equal rates. This data suggests that the equal expression of the two alpha-globin genes observed in human erythrocytes results from a balance between the 3-fold excess of alpha 2 globin mRNA and a 3-fold higher translational efficiency of alpha 1-globin mRNA. The disparate translational efficiencies of the two alpha-globin mRNAs may be determined by the divergent structure of their 3' noncoding regions. PMID- 7118915 TI - Functional studies on hemoglobin opossum. Conclusions drawn regarding the role of the distal histidine. AB - In the hemoglobin of the opossum, the alpha chains have different residues at positions E7 and E11 than do most other mammalian hemoglobins. In the opossum, the usual histidine at alpha E7 is replaced by glutamine, the valine at alpha E11 by isoleucine, and the hemoglobin is known to have a low oxygen affinity and a low Hill coefficient. Comparison of kinetic studies of opossum hemoglobin with normal human hemoglobin shows that alpha chains in Hb opossum, despite the lack of distal histidine, do not differ significantly in CO-combination rates in either the T or R states. These rates are much slower than the rates reported for Hb Zurich, the hemoglobin from Chironomus thumi thumi, or the monomeric components of glycera hemoglobin, all of which also have a different residue at E7. As compared with Hb A, the changes in ligand affinities in the T and R states are small and cannot account for the unusually high values of p50 for Hb opossum. The equilibrium and kinetic data indicate that the L = (T)/(R) is about 100 times higher for Hb opossum than for Hb A; CCO = KR/KT approximately equal to 0.014. The kinetic data on l'4 and l also indicate that the R leads to T equilibrium for Hb4(CO)4 and Hb4(CO)2 can be shifted in either direction by adding inositol hexaphosphate or by changing the pH. PMID- 7118916 TI - Dynamic protein structures. Effects of pH on conformer stabilities at the ligand binding site of bovine heart myoglobin carbonyl. AB - The single ligand-binding site of bovine myoglobin carbonyl exists in four discrete conformations as shown by four C--O stretch bands for the carbonyl ligand. Both this infrared spectrum and the visible spectrum are altered by changes in pH from 4.7 to 8.2 at 20 degrees C. The spectral changes can be related to monoprotonation or monodeprotonation at a protein residue with a pKa = 6.0 +/- 0.2. Below pH 5.5, an additional proton-coupled infrared spectral change is evident. Histidine is an appropriate site for pKa approximately 6; there are 13 histidines in the protein. However, the nature of the pH effects on infrared spectra indicates that neither the proximal nor the distal histidine is a likely site. The state of protonation of the protein has a marked effect on the relative stabilities of the four conformers but appears to have little effect on the discrete conformer structures per se in that C--O stretch band frequencies and shapes are nearly insensitive to changes in pH. The sum of the four integrated infrared band intensities is similarly insensitive. These findings provide strong support for the presence of four conformers of significantly different structure at the heme ligand-binding site and for rapid interconversions among these structures. PMID- 7118918 TI - Blue color, metal content, and substrate binding in 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase from Pseudomonas sp. strain P. J. 874. AB - Purified preparations of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase from Pseudomonas sp. strain P. J. 874 are blue, epsilon 595-850 approximately 2.6 +/- 0.5 (n = 6) mM-1 cm-1. Iron and zinc were the only metals detected by x-ray fluorescence of an enzyme preparation and the mean content in different preparation as determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy was 0.95 +/- 0.17 (n = 6) and 0.68 +/- 0.27 (n = 7) mol/mol 150-kilodalton tetramer, respectively. It is yet unclear if zinc is a contaminant or may be given a structural role. Results with iron chelators and reductants showed that the 595-nm absorbance is linked to enzyme-bound Fe3+ and that reduction of iron, which occurs concomitantly with disappearance of the color, is required for enzyme activity. The enol tautomer of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate appeared to form 2:1 a complex with enzyme-bound Fe3+, which may be the cause of the long known substrate inhibition of the enzyme. Iron chelation also seemed to be involved in the inhibition by other substrate analogues, i.e. substituted catechols and those with one phenolic hydroxyl group in ortho position to short carboxylic acid side chains. Together, substrate analogue, pH, and modification studies indicated that the tautomerizable keto group with a double bond in 3-4 position favors productive substrate binding to Fe2+ and a base with a pK alpha of approximately 6.4. PMID- 7118917 TI - The heterogeneity of link proteins isolated from human articular cartilage proteoglycan aggregates. AB - Link proteins, isolated from proteoglycan aggregates prepared from human articular cartilage, were studied by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. When subjected to the former technique the native link proteins resolve into three components of molecular weights 48,000, 44,000, and 41,000. Link protein, isolated following clostripain digestion of proteoglycan aggregate, is present as a single component of molecular weight 41,000. Under all conditions of isoelectric focusing tested, the native link proteins resolve into at least nine subcomponents having pI values between 6.0 and 7.0. The clostripain-treated link protein resolves into at least five subcomponents which have pI values similar to those of the more basic subcomponents observed in the native molecules. One source of heterogeneity contributing to both isoelectric focusing profiles is variation in sialic acid content, since neuraminidase treatment of the link protein preparations produces a shift to subcomponents with more basic pI. The electrophoretic data are consistent with the two larger link protein components representing the same protein core, but being substituted to different degrees with oligosaccharide chains that may have variable sialic acid contents. The smallest link protein component, which may be derived from either of the larger moieties by limited proteolytic cleavage, is also substituted with sialic acid-containing oligosaccharides. PMID- 7118919 TI - Stimulation of glucose transport in rat thymocytes by human albumin preparations. PMID- 7118920 TI - Endocytosis of very low density lipoprotein remnants by liver of fasted rats. AB - Radioactive lipoproteins in the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) density range were taken up by rat liver in vivo. The radioactivity became associated with an intracellular particle of d = 1.11 that did not correspond to lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, or plasma membrane as determined by marker enzyme distribution. Radioactive VLDL remnants could be released from these particles by passage through a hydraulic press, hypotonic shock, or sonication. The release of radioactivity from the particles by one of these methods became more complete with increasing time after injection. The injection of colchicine inhibited the breakdown of the VLDL triglyceride and cholesterol ester and caused an accumulation of radioactive material in the d = 1.11 particles. In contrast, injected chloroquine inhibited breakdown of VLDL triglyceride and cholesterol ester and caused an accumulation in lysosomes. We have concluded VLDL remnants are metabolized in liver by an endocytosis-lysosomal digestion pathway and that the d = 1.11 particles are endocytic vesicles. The existence of a releasable pool of VLDL within endocytic vesicles makes it possible to examine the internalized remnant. PMID- 7118921 TI - Purification of a platelet protein which stimulates fibrinolytic inhibition and tissue factor in human fibroblasts. AB - Platelets are able to stimulate an increase in two distinct activities, tissue factor (thromboplastin) and fibrinolytic inhibition, in human fibroblasts in vitro. A procedure has been developed which allows the purification of a platelet macromolecule which is able to stimulate both of these changes. Washed human platelets were homogenized, sonicated, and then centrifuged at 90,000 x g for 2 h. The resulting pellet was solubilized in 0.05 M sodium carbonate, pH 10.5, and chromatographed on Sephadex G-200, then on hydroxylapatite, resulting in a 135 fold purification and a 20% yield. When the purified material was further fractionated on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels, stimulatory activity for both tissue factor and fibrinolytic inhibition was found only in the 75,000 dalton region. The active material could be inactivated by mercaptoethanol with no change in its apparent molecular weight. It was readily inactivated by trypsin with the concomitant loss of the 75,000-dalton Coomassie-staining band. Assay of the purified material for carbohydrate was negative. After isoelectric focusing, the purified material had a major band at pH 5.8 which stimulated both tissue factor and fibrinolytic inhibition. Subcellular fractionation of platelet homogenates by sucrose density gradient centrifugation resulted in a 2-fold increase in stimulatory material in the granule/mitochondrial fraction. This platelet-derived protein may represent a physiologically important regulator for both cellular procoagulant and the net fibrinolytic activity of systemic cells. PMID- 7118922 TI - Occurrence of unique polysialosyl carbohydrate units in glycoproteins of developing brain. AB - A novel type of glycopeptides comprising approximately 10% of the total protein bound neuraminic acid in developing rat brain have been isolated and characterized. The glycopeptides displayed unique properties including precipitation with cetylpyridinium chloride, strong binding to anion exchange column, and large apparent size in gel filtration. Structural studies including methylation analysis, as well as gel filtration experiments with native and desialylated glycopeptides, suggested that they were composed of a core similar to that of normal tri- and tetraantennary N-glycosidic glycopeptides, with outer branches of the general structure (NeuAc alpha 2-8)nNeuAc alpha 2-3Gal--. The total number of sialic acid residues varied from 8 to at least 12. Similar glycopeptides were not observed in liver or kidney of the young rat or in the brain of the adult animal. These observations suggest that the polysialosylated glycopeptides represent a class of developmentally regulated carbohydrate structures characteristic of developing brain tissue. PMID- 7118923 TI - Biosynthesis and physiological role of homarine in marine shrimp. AB - Glycine, which contributes 2 carbon atoms and the nitrogen for the biosynthesis of homarine by homogenates of shrimp muscle, reacts metabolically with succinyl coenzyme A to form N-succinylglycine. The latter product is effectively converted by such homogenates to homarine, and it is concluded that N-succinylglycine is on the main pathway of this biosynthetic series of reactions and provides all of the required atoms in homarine, except for the N-methyl carbon. A possible pathway for the complete biosynthesis of homarine is described. Evidence is presented that homarine acts as a transmethylating agent in shrimp muscle homogenates and is capable of transferring its N-methyl group to form mono-, di-, and trimethylamines, trimethylamine oxide, choline, and betaine. In this process, homarine loses its methyl groups to form picolinic acid, and, conversely, picolinic acid can be methylated to yield homarine. It is speculated that homarine is not only a "methyl" donor but may serve as a reservoir of methyl groups in crustacea. PMID- 7118924 TI - Inhibition of the binding of dexamethasone to mammary cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptor by phenylglyoxal. AB - We have studied the effects of phenylglyoxal and other related arginine-specific reagents on the mammary cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptor. Our studies show that phenylglyoxal can inhibit the binding of [3H]dexamethasone to the steroid free receptor and also displace the bound [3H]dexamethasone from the steroid receptor complex. The kinetics of the binding reaction reveals that the inhibition of phenylglyoxal may be due to its ability to interact with the steroid binding site of the receptor. Similar data are also obtained with other arginine-modifying agents such as 1,2-cyclohexanedione. Thus, these studies suggest that arginine residues may be involved in the binding of glucocorticoids to mammary cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptor. PMID- 7118925 TI - Reversible exchange of glycosphingolipids between human high and low density lipoproteins. AB - Both human serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) can acquire [3H]glycosphingolipids from glycosphingolipid-coated hydrophobic glass beads, but the process produces variable denaturation of LDL. However, endogenous LDL glycosphingolipid can be 3H-labeled by the galactose oxidase/NaB[3H]4 technique without structural modification. We have now demonstrated that 3H-labeled neutral glycosphingolipids can be reversibly exchanged under physiological conditions between HDL and LDL. Maximal exchange was achieved following 4 to 8 h of incubation at 37 degrees C when the ratio of HDL to LDL concentration was 1:1 by weight. Only a small fraction, 10-15%, of the total glycosphingolipid contents of both HDL and LDL was available for exchange, indicating that at least two separate pools of glycosphingolipid exist on the surface of lipoprotein particles. When lipoprotein-deficient serum was added, the amount of glycolipid exchanged was not stimulated significantly. The level of phosphoglyceride exchange was 2-fold greater, and that of neutral lipids 4-fold greater, than neutral glycosphingolipids. Based on this and on our previous observations, we propose that high density lipoprotein can be used to modify the glycosphingolipid content and thus the biological properties of membranes. PMID- 7118926 TI - The subunit structure and function of the propionyl coenzyme A carboxylase of Mycobacterium smegmatis. PMID- 7118927 TI - Expression of a set of fish genes following heat or metal ion exposure. AB - Elevation of the incubation temperature of Chinook salmon embryo cells from 20 to 24 degrees C or exposure to heavy metals such as CdCl2 (5 microM) or ZnCl2 (100 to 500 microM) induces the reversible expression of a set of heat shock or stress proteins. Continuous exposure of the cells to either metal ions or heat shock results in recovery of protein synthesis to a control-like pattern. Treatment of these cells with either ZnCl2 or CdCl2 also induces the protein metallothionein. Heat shock, however, does not induce metallothionein, suggesting that it does not belong to the common group of heat shock or stress proteins. The induction of these stress proteins can be inhibited by pretreatment with actinomycin D, suggesting that their expression is regulated at the transcriptional level. The major stress proteins are detectable in the products of an in vitro translation system programmed with RNA isolated from heat shock- or metal ion-treated cells. A recombinant DNA probe complementary to Drosophila mRNA coding for the 70,000 dalton heat shock protein was found to hybridize to RNA isolated from heat shock or metal ion-treated cells but not from control cells. The fish mRNA coding for the heat shock protein with a molecular weight of 70,000 appears to be of similar size to the corresponding Drosophila mRNA. PMID- 7118928 TI - Evidence for two Na+-independent neutral amino acid transport systems in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Time-dependent changes in activity. AB - Adult rat hepatocytes placed in primary culture contain at least two distinct Na+ independent transport systems for neutral amino acids. The characteristics of the two systems do not allow assignment to previously described Na+ independent agencies, so we have tentatively termed the two processes Systems L1 and L2. Uptake by System L1 is substantially inhibited by cysteine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, histidine, tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and 2 aminobicyclo-(2,2,1)-heptane-2-carboxylic acid. In contrast, System L2-mediated transport is completely inhibited by isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, and 2 aminobicyclo-(2,2,1)-heptane-2-carboxylic acid. Amino acids transported by both systems show biphasic kinetics yielding Km values for the System L1 component in the micromolar range, whereas the corresponding values for System L2 are an order of magnitude higher. In freshly isolated hepatocytes, the activity of System L2 is relatively high and declines over the initial 24 to 48 h of culture. The Na+ dependent Systems N and ASC also show a significant decay in activity during this time period. In contrast to the decrease in uptake by System L2, transport by System L1 increases during culture following an initial lag period of 12 to 24 h. The increase in System L1 activity can be blocked by the addition of either cycloheximide or actinomycin D. System L1 appears to be present also in fetal hepatocytes, although, in the hepatoma cell line, HTC, the Na+-independent component appears to be homogeneous as though one of the two systems present in the normal adult hepatocyte is not expressed in these transformed cells. PMID- 7118929 TI - Loss of the interchain disulfide peptide and dissociation of the tetramer following limited proteolysis of native human serum cholinesterase. PMID- 7118930 TI - Nucleoside transport in human erythrocytes. A simple carrier with directional symmetry and differential mobility of loaded and empty carrier. AB - Rapid kinetic techniques were employed to measure the transport of uridine and thymidine in human erythrocytes in zero-trans entry and exist and equilibrium exchange procedures. The kinetic parameters of transport were computed by fitting appropriate integrated rate equations to time courses of transmembrane equilibration of radiolabeled substrate. Transport of uridine and thymidine conformed to the simple carrier model with directional symmetry, but differential mobility of loaded and empty carrier. As was apparent from comparison of zero trans influx and equilibrium exchange flux, the loaded carrier moved 3 to 18 times faster than the empty carrier in batches of erythrocytes obtained from different individuals. The maximum equilibrium exchange velocities also differed for different batches of erythrocytes. Storage of the cells at 4 degrees C for 4 days or treatment of cells with oxidizing or reducing agents or suspension in hypotonic solutions had no effect on the kinetic properties of the nucleoside transporter. All natural ribo- and deoxyribonucleosides tested when present on the trans side at concentrations well above the Michaelis-Menten constant for transport accelerated the influx and efflux of uridine and inhibited uridine influx when present at these concentrations on the cis side, but nucleobases had no significant effect. PMID- 7118932 TI - Multifunctional control of amino acids of deprivation-induced proteolysis in liver. Role of leucine. AB - The control of intracellular proteolysis by amino acids was investigated in rat livers perfused in the single pass mode with various mixtures at multiples of normal plasma concentrations. Twelve amino acids together exhibited no suppressive activity while the remainder (Leu, Phe, Tyr, Gln, Pro, His, Trp, and Met) were inhibitory. Because (a) the effects of phenylalanine and tyrosine were equal and nonadditive, and (b) the former is rapidly converted to the latter, tyrosine rather than phenylalanine was considered to be an active regulator. The inhibitory group, minus phenylalanine, duplicated responses of the complete mixture between 0 and 4 times (4x) normal plasma levels. When tested individually, leucine was the strongest inhibitor, suppressing deprivation accelerated proteolysis by 63% at 4x and 10x. However, at lower concentrations its effects differed dramatically from those of the regulatory mixture in showing a sharp modal loss of responsiveness at approximately 1x, a finding which suggests that proteolytic regulation at normal levels is achieved largely by the remaining 6 amino acids. Leucine responses from 1x to 4x (0.2 to 0.8 mM) were mimicked by equimolar additions of alpha-ketoisocaproate. The fact that 0.8 mM alpha-ketoisocaproate increased intracellular leucine by only 7.8% of the value obtained with equimolar (4x) leucine supports observations of others that transamination limits interconversion between leucine and its alpha-ketoacid to 4 10% of total alpha-ketoisocaproate utilization at this level. We conclude that the effects of leucine and alpha-ketoisocaproate on hepatic proteolysis are mediated by separate pathways. PMID- 7118933 TI - Intestinal aminooligopeptidase. In vivo synthesis on intracellular membranes of rat jejunum. PMID- 7118931 TI - Monoclonal antibodies recognize different parts of Z-DNA. AB - Brominated poly(dG-dC) . poly(dG-dC), which forms a stable Z-DNA helix under physiological salt conditions, was used as an antigen to produce monoclonal antibodies from mice. The anti-Z-DNA antibodies were specific for the Z conformation as was shown by direct binding studies and a competitive solid phase assay. Competition could only be seen by brominated poly(dG-dC) . poly(dG-dC) under low and high salt conditions and unmodified poly(dG-dC) . poly(dG-dC) under high salt conditions. No binding could be seen to a number of other polynucleotides, including native and denatured DNA. Among the anti-Z-DNA monoclonal antibodies, examples differed in specificity: binding of one monoclonal antibody was blocked by methylation of cytosine; whereas the other antibody reacted equally well with the unmodified polymer or methyl cytosine containing polymer in high ionic strength. The two antibodies are specific for different localized features of Z-DNA structure. PMID- 7118935 TI - Protein kinases from spinach chloroplasts. I. Purification and identification of two distinct protein kinases. AB - Two protein kinases (chloroplast protein kinases 1 and 2 (ChlPK1 and ChlPK2)) were isolated from spinach chloroplasts. After solubilization of the chloroplasts with octylglucoside and cholate, these kinases were purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, sucrose gradient centrifugation, and hydroxylapatite chromatography. ChlPK1 traveled as a single band in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis corresponding to 25,000 daltons; ChlPK2 traveled as a single band corresponding to 38,000 daltons. After exposure to 8-azido-[gamma-32P]ATP, the radioactive bands appeared in the same positions revealed by Coomassie blue staining. However, a trace of ChlPK2 was detected in the ChlPK1 preparation and a faint second lower molecular weight radioactive band was seen in the ChlPK2 preparations. Both enzymes acted on casein or histone IIIS as substrate and phosphorylated a serine residue. The proteolytic peptide maps, however, were clearly distinguishable in autoradiograms, suggesting that different serine residues were phosphorylated by ChlPK1 and ChlPK2. PMID- 7118934 TI - Purification and characterization of the stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase and the acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase from maturing seeds of safflower. AB - Two enzymes involved in oleic acid biosynthesis have been purified from immature safflower seed. The stearoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) desaturase which catalyzes the formation of the double bond of oleate has been purified 200-fold and is a dimer with a molecular weight of 68,000. The enzyme shows strong preference for stearoyl-ACP as substrate; by comparison of its activity with stearoyl-CoA and palmitoyl-ACP as substrates, it appears that the ACP moiety is primarily important for binding of substrate and the chain length is important for catalytic activity. The desaturase requires 56 microM oxygen for half-maximal activity, 400 microM oxygen for maximal activity, and is stimulated severalfold by catalase. The acyl-ACP thioesterase has been purified 700-fold and is also a dimer of molecular weight 74,000. It shows a 5-fold preference for oleoyl-ACP versus stearoyl-ACP and is relatively inactive with corresponding acyl-CoAs. PMID- 7118936 TI - Protein kinases from spinach chloroplasts. II. Protein substrate specificity and kinetic properties. PMID- 7118938 TI - Structures of the two homologous series of dialkene mycolic acids from Mycobacterium smegmatis. PMID- 7118940 TI - Ligand-promoted strengthening of interchain bonding domains in catalytic subunits of aspartate transcarbamoylase. PMID- 7118939 TI - The absence of volume change in the gelation of hemoglobin-S. AB - The volume change for the gelation of deoxygenated sickle cell hemoglobin has been measured by dilatometry at 22.0 degrees C and found to be zero. The precision of the result is 0 +/- 1.4 ml/mol of protein present in the sample. When the solubility of the protein is taken into account, the precision is 0 +/- 5.1 ml/mol of gelled hemoglobin. The participation of "hydrophobic interactions" in sickle cell hemoglobin gelation and model compound studies of the volume change associated with transferring hydrophobic solutes from an aqueous to a hydrophobic milieu, as well as the volume changes of other globular protein polymerizations, led us, initially, to expect a large positive delta V. The results are discussed in the context of concentration effects in sickle cell hemoglobin solutions and of recent work on the pressure-induced denaturation of globular proteins, which also gives smaller volume effects than had been anticipated. PMID- 7118937 TI - Inhibition of histone acetylation by N-[2-(S-coenzyme A)acetyl] spermidine amide, a multisubstrate analog. AB - A multisubstrate analog, formed by joining coenzyme A with spermidine through an acetic acid linkage, serves as a strong inhibitor (Ki less than 10(-8) M) of the acetylation of spermidine and histones by histone acetylase purified from calf thymus. In free solutions, this analog inhibited acetylation of the various nuclear histones to a similar extent. In isolated nuclei, this analog was found to inhibit acetylation of histones H2a and H2b very much more strongly than that of histones H3 and H4. PMID- 7118942 TI - Cell density and estradiol modulation of procollagen type III in cultured calf smooth muscle cells. AB - We have reported previously that 17 beta-estradiol reduces the amount of procollagen type III produced in cultured bovine aortic smooth muscle cells. The effect of cell density and estradiol on the production of collagen in second passage cultures has been further evaluated. In agreement with our previous findings, at day 14, significant differences in [14C]hydroxyproline production were detected between hormone-treated and control cultures. To further relate this observation to cell culture density and estradiol treatment, collagen production was evaluated after a 1-h pulse period. Quantities of assembled procollagen molecules and the individual collagenous polypeptides were determined by DEAE-cellulose chromatography or by immunoprecipitation. As cell numbers increased with time in culture, an augmented production of both procollagen types I and III was observed. The increased production of total type III collagen and procollagen molecules lagged behind type I production. Thus, it was found that the ratio of procollagen type I to type III decreased with days in culture from 2.7 to 1.0, and the ratio of the total of each type decreased from 7.5 to 3.4. In the presence of 1.0 x 10(-8) M estradiol, the level of type III collagen was reduced by approximately 50% at all culture times. The production of procollagen type I was not affected and remained equivalent in both hormone-treated and control cultures. The different ratios obtained by the two methods indicates that procollagen type I is processed more rapidly than procollagen type III in the 1 hour pulse period. PMID- 7118941 TI - Linkage between reactivity of sulfhydryl groups and subunit interactions in aspartate transcarbamoylase. PMID- 7118943 TI - Evidence for calcium-sensitive structure in platelet thrombospondin. Isolation and partial characterization of thrombospondin in the presence of calcium. PMID- 7118944 TI - Structural characterization of the asymmetric (17 + 13) S forms of acetylcholinesterase from Torpedo. I. Analysis of subunit composition. PMID- 7118945 TI - The beta subunit of the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme becomes inaccessible to antibody after formation of an initiation complex with primed DNA. AB - The initiation of the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme-catalyzed reaction is blocked by antibody directed against the beta subunit; elongation is unaffected (Johanson, K., and McHenry, C. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 10984-10990). We have developed an immunological method for quantitating nanogram quantities of beta in reaction complexes. Using this method, we have demonstrated that beta is present in all stages of the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme reaction. Upon initiation complex formation, the antigenic determinants of beta become inaccessible to anti beta immunoglobulin G. The methods described herein should be generally applicable to the study of a variety of multienzyme complexes. Even after conversion of a primed G4 single strand to the duplex replicative form, beta does not readily dissociate. This creates a kinetic barrier to the overall holoenzyme replicative reaction. PMID- 7118946 TI - ADP ribosylation of canine renal brush border membrane vesicle proteins is associated with decreased phosphate transport. PMID- 7118947 TI - Mitochondrial malic enzymes. Purification and properties of the NAD(P)-dependent malic enzyme from canine small intestinal mucosa. AB - An NAD(P)-dependent malic enzyme with a specific activity of 40.6 mumol of NADH/min/mg of protein and an isoelectric point of 5.4 was purified to apparent homogeneity from canine small intestinal mucosal mitochondria. The purification procedure employed ammonium sulfate fractionation, Sepharose CL 6B gel filtration, chromatography on DEAE-cellulose to remove the interfering malate dehydrogenase, and affinity chromatography on 2',5'-ADP-Sepharose and NAD-agarose to take advantage of the dual coenzyme specificity. Antibody prepared from the purified enzyme produced a single peak upon cross-rocket immunoelectrophoresis against the mitochondrial sonicate. Continuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed NAD and NADP activity co-migrating with the native protein band. A single band of protein having an apparent Mr = 62,000 was seen on sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis. At pH 7.3, gel filtration revealed a single peak of activity with NAD and NADP corresponding to an apparent Mr = 282,000. Gradient gel polyacrylamide electrophoresis at pH 9.0 indicated an additional broad band of activity corresponding to a Mr = 141,000. Under physiological conditions therefore the protein appears to exist as a tetramer of Mr = 282,000 composed of four equal subunits, whereas at elevated pH values during electrophoresis, partial dissociation to a dimeric species occurs. PMID- 7118948 TI - A unique low molecular weight collagen secreted by cultured chick embryo chondrocytes. PMID- 7118949 TI - Metabolism of low molecular weight collagen by chondrocytes obtained from histologically distinct zones of the chick embryo tibiotarsus. PMID- 7118950 TI - Steady flow in a model of the human carotid bifurcation. Part I--flow visualization. AB - The geometry of a typical adult human carotid bifurcation, complete with the sinus, was established from a study of a large number of angiograms. A rigid model was constructed from glass and investigations were performed under steady flow conditions using flow visualization techniques over a range of upstream Reynolds numbers and flow division ratios through the branches representative of physiologic conditions expected in the human vasculature. The study reveals a complex flow field in which secondary flows play an important role. The separation regions occurring at the outer corners of the branching are also subjected to much higher shear stress. Comparison with pathologic data on localization of atherosclerotic lesions indicates that zones susceptible to disease experience low or oscillatory shear stress while regions subject to higher shear are free of deposits. PMID- 7118952 TI - Analysis of human back shape using surface curvatures. AB - A method for the evaluation of surface measurements of the human back is presented. A shape analysis is carried out in terms of surface curvature. This is calculated using differential geometry of surfaces. Similar to other invariant shape parameters, the surface curvature does not depend on a coordinate system and is thus independent of the patient's position. The advantages of such an invariant shape analysis are discussed and first results are presented. PMID- 7118953 TI - Kinematic analysis of the role of the finger tendons. AB - In an earlier paper (Storace and Wolf, 1979), the functional anatomy of the finger was studied by considering the equilibrium of tendon forces and externally applied forces. The current work presents an alternative approach which studies the finger's functional anatomy from a kinematic viewpoint. This approach, based on measured tendon displacement, can be used to graphically display the criteria for which normal finger function will exist. Examples of the application of this procedure to normal and non-normal finger conditions are presented to demonstrate its utility. PMID- 7118951 TI - Steady flow in a model of the human carotid bifurcation. Part II--laser-Doppler anemometer measurements. AB - The evidence for hypothesizing a relationship between hemodynamics and atherogenesis as well as the motivation for selecting the carotid bifurcation for extensive fluid dynamic studies has been discussed in Part I of this two-paper sequence. Part II deals with velocity measurements within the bifurcation model described by Fig. 1 and Table 1 of the previous paper. A plexiglass model conforming to the dimensions of the average carotid bifurcation was machined and employed for velocity measurements with a laser-Doppler anemometer (LDA). The objective of this phase of the study was to obtain quantitative information on the velocity field and to estimate levels and directions of wall shear stress in the region of the bifurcation. PMID- 7118954 TI - Steady and pulsatile flow distribution in a multiple branching network with physiological applications. AB - Flow rate of distribution in steady and pulsatile flow is investigated in a multiple branching network including six successive generations in the same plane. In this model, the geometry dependence of flow rate distribution has already been pointed out in steady flow (previous study) by observing the occurrence of non-uniform flow rate distribution at terminal orifices despite the symmetrical dichotomy, identical distance and cross-sectional profile of the 64 parallel pathways. In the present study, we point out two additional properties of the steady flow rate distribution. (i) The flow rate distribution is not markedly sensitive to a change in viscosity and therefore Reynolds number does not appear to be a determinant factor to modify the flow distribution. (ii) The effect of a branch obstruction on flow rate distribution is limited in space and its extension remains the same for the different Reynolds numbers tested. These properties also characterize the interdependence between the model geometry and the flow distribution in steady state. The results obtained in pulsatile flow show that the flow distribution remains similar to steady state as long as the parameter lambda = Qp/Qs (Qp = amplitude of flow oscillation, Qs = steady component of the total flow) is less than 1. When lambda is greater than 1, the flow distribution may become uniform, which means that contrary to the steady flow case, the velocity profiles become rapidly symmetrical downstream from the bifurcations. Physical explanations for this are proposed after considering the theoretical problem of pulsatile developed flow in a straight tube. In this case, the parameter lambda again plays a crucial role in the velocity distribution. PMID- 7118955 TI - Deviation of observed from passive states in diastole. PMID- 7118957 TI - Left ventricular work and power: circumferential, radial and longitudinal components. Mathematical derivation and characteristic variation with left ventricular dysfunction. AB - Cardiac work and power, defined as the wall stress-velocity product per unit volume, have been derived with respect to a circumferential, radial and longitudinal component for the human left ventricle during a complete cardiac cycle. Thirty-nine patients, comprising five clinical groups, were evaluated using pressure and volume data acquired from single-plane cineangiography. The results indicate that work and power are divided into approximately 60% circumferential, 23% radial and 17% longitudinal components for normals. Characteristic variations from normal are presented for selected pathological case studies. With a compensated volume overload patient, diastolic work and power are uniformly reduced in all three directions and systolic radial power approximately equals longitudinal power. With a decompensated volume overload patient, systolic radial power is greater than longitudinal power. With a compensated pressure overload patient, systolic radial work and power are greatly elevated as compared to the normals and represent about 30% of the total work and power, while longitudinal work and power represent only about 8% of the total. With a congestive cardiomyopathy patient, systolic work and power are greatly reduced in all three directions as compared to normals. PMID- 7118956 TI - Simulation of human gait with the aid of a simple mechanical model. AB - A simple mechanical model was used in this study to simulate the stance phase of human locomotion. The model consists of a concentrated mass supported by two elastic and viscous straight legs. The model is provided with a set of initial conditions at the instant of "heel strike" and then continues to move due to its inertia and the action of gravity. The simulation results were compared with the corresponding experimental data and have shown agreeable similarity. The model was also used to study the effect of some body features on the resulting walking pattern and to explain the generation of the ground reaction force characteristics. PMID- 7118959 TI - The influence of air friction in speed skating. AB - With the use of a wind tunnel the air friction force Fw on six speed skaters of different body builds was measured. The dependence of the drag coefficient CD on air velocity v and the influence of different skating postures on drag were investigated. At an air velocity of v = 12 m/sec, an angle between upper and lower leg of 110 degrees and a horizontal trunk position, the measured air friction constant kn(=Fw/V2) of all subjects was calculated from their height l and weight m according to the formula 0.0205 l3 square root m (standard error 2%). CD and as a consequence k appeared to be strongly dependent on air velocity. Expressions to correct k for other velocities and postures were derived and substituted into a power balance by which the influence of posture, ice condition, wind and altitude on performance was predicted. PMID- 7118958 TI - A mathematical model of the flow in the posterior communicating arteries. AB - This paper reports on a mathematical model designed to study the hemodynamics of one posterior communicating artery and its afferent and efferent vessels. The variables in the model are the diameter of the posterior communicating artery, the resistance in the vertebral artery and the ratio of the two peripheral resistances. In the model, the "posterior communicating artery" exhibits a compensatory capacity, as defined in the introduction, which appears to be independent of its diameter. The fluxes in the efferent vessels are dominated by the peripheral resistances. PMID- 7118960 TI - On precision limits for derivatives numerically calculated from noisy data. AB - This paper has three purposes. (1) To verify an error formula from which the maximal precision in derivatives obtained from noisy measurement data can be calculated. The formula is verified by comparison with the resulting noise in derivatives obtained by local least squares polynomial fitting. It is also verified that differentiation by Fourier series expansion gives noise exceeding the minimum value according to the error formula. (2) An index called the "Relative Noise Amplification" (RNA) is introduced. For an arbitrary differentiating filter it is defined as the noise transmission of the filter divided by the minimal noise transmission according to the above mentioned error formula. When the filter produces unbiased estimates the value of the RNA always exceeds one. The RNA can be used as a quality index for differentiating filters. The filter with the smallest value on the RNA also has the smallest amount of noise superimposed on the calculated derivatives provided the input noise is white and additive. (3) The bandwidth and the Relative Noise Amplification of differentiating filters obtained by local least squares polynomial fitting are presented. The 0th, 1st and 2nd order derivatives have been investigated for polynomials up to 8th order. These results can be used for the determination of suitable filter parameters in various applications. PMID- 7118961 TI - The inotropic and chronotropic effects of physostigmine and neostigmine on guinea pig isolated atria. AB - 1 Physostigmine (0.1-1 mM) induced dose-dependent negative and neostigmine (0.1-1 mM) positive inotropic effects on driven guinea-pig isolated atria. Physostigmine decreased and neostigmine increased cardiac frequency of spontaneously beating atria. 2 The depression of amplitude of contraction by physostigmine cannot be attributed to its inhibitory effect on tissue cholinesterase. The negative inotropic action of physostigmine is not influenced by preincubation with atropine. 3 The positive inotropic effect of neostigmine is not caused by a nicotine-like action of the drug. Neostigmine (1 mM) counteracts the negative inotropic effect of acetylcholine. The possible mechanisms of action are discussed. PMID- 7118962 TI - Effects of catecholamines on pregnant rat uterus. AB - 1 The effects of noradrenaline (NA), adrenaline (Adr) and isoprenaline (Iso) have been studied on pregnant rat uterus, at various stages of gestation--on the 10th and 20th days of pregnancy and on the first day post-partum. 2 The three catecholamines were inhibitory in all stages of gestation, with the same order of potency as observed in non-pregnant uteri (ie Iso greater than Adr greater than NA). However, mean pD2 values for the catecholamines tended to decrease as gestation progressed. 3 In 20 day pregnant and 1 day post-partum uteri, in the presence of propranolol, NA and Adr produced consistent alpha-adrenoreceptor mediated motor responses. 4 It is concluded that in the rat uterus, a form of pregnancy reversal occurs, in that there is a decrease in beta-adrenoreceptor responsiveness, and an increase in alpha-adrenoreceptor responsiveness towards the end of gestation, and immediately post-partum. PMID- 7118963 TI - Blount's disease after skeletal maturity. AB - Twelve patients, seventeen to twenty-five years old, who had had infantile Blount's disease involving nineteen limbs, were evaluated at a mean of twelve years after an initial osteotomy. Twelve of the nineteen knees were symptomatic, and eight of the symptomatic knees showed early degenerative changes by arthroscopy or arthrotomy. There was a direct correlation between the symptoms and the severity of the involvement of the proximal end of the tibia. A poor final outcome appears to be related to physeal damage. Early osteotomy must be performed before permanent physeal damage and subsequent incongruity of the joint occur. PMID- 7118964 TI - Unstable fractures of the pelvis treated by external fixation. AB - Forty-five patients with an unstable fracture of the pelvic ring, for whom the conventional treatment would have been bed rest with skeletal traction or with a pelvic sling, were treated with the Hoffmann external-fixation apparatus. In eighteen fractures of the lateral compression type and fourteen fractures of the anteroposterior compression type, the treatment was successful. Proximal migration of the hemipelvis occurred in four of the eleven patients with a fracture of the unilateral shear type. There were two deaths from associated injuries. PMID- 7118965 TI - Stress fractures of the pubic ramus. A report of twelve cases. AB - Twelve stress fractures of the pubic arch were seen in eleven patients who were joggers, long-distance runners, or marathoners. In two of the fractures there were complications of healing; that is, delayed union or refracture. With two exceptions, the lesions occurred in women between the ages of nineteen and forty eight. In all of the patients the fracture was in the inferior pubic ramus near the symphysis pubis, and caused pain in the groin, buttock, or thigh. All fractures were non-displaced and easy to overlook on the initial radiographic examination; when a fracture of the pubic arch was clinically suspected but the radiographs were normal, a radionuclide bone scan was diagnostic. After identification of the fracture, running had to be curtailed until the symptoms disappeared in order for healing to occur. PMID- 7118967 TI - A study of pressure distributions measured during balanced and unbalanced sitting. AB - An instrument that measures pressures distribution during normal and unbalanced sitting was developed and tested. Analysis of the distribution of pressure during sitting in fifteen normal patients showed that approximately 18 per cent of the body weight is distributed over each ischial tuberosity; 21 per cent, over each thigh; and 5 per cent, over the sacrum. Three patients who had problems with sitting balance showed foci of unequal pressure which are at risk for decubitus ulceration. PMID- 7118966 TI - Performance of the tibial component in total knee replacement. AB - In patients with deficient bone in the proximal end of the tibia, the mechanical support of a conventional total knee replacement may be inadequate. We have developed a custom design for use in situations in which there is extensive deficiency of tibial cancellous bone. To do this, we examined conventional and custom prosthetic tibial components using finite-element analysis. Several loading configurations were tested, and the worst loading conditions were found to be those in which eccentric loads were placed on the margin of the tibial component. The results showed that the stresses on the cancellous bone beneath a conventional-design prosthesis may be lowered if a metal tray and metal peg are employed. A salvage-design concept for revision in the presence of deficient cancellous bone was tested analytically and used successfully. This concept requires that some portion of the applied load be transferred directly to the tibial cortical shell. Stresses in the remaining cancellous bone were lowered by the combination of a thickened metal tray and a metal support buttress. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study demonstrates the advantage of metal trays for the tibial plateau and suggests that they should be used whenever the supporting tibial bone is insufficient. In knees in which there are large defects in the bone, direct transfer of the load to the cortical shell through the prosthesis, made possible by a custom design, appears to be necessary. PMID- 7118968 TI - The detection and prevention of pulmonary embolism in total hip replacement. A study comparing aspirin and low-dose warfarin. AB - Because of the controversy surrounding prophylaxis for thromboembolism after total hip surgery, we undertook a prospective study comparing the results of the administration of aspirin with that of low doses of warfarin in 194 patients (200 hips) undergoing total hip replacement. The incidences of both clinically apparent and silent (asymptomatic) pulmonary emboli were determined using the objective criteria of preoperative and postoperative levels of arterial blood gases, chest roentgenograms, electrocardiograms, and perfusion lung scans. With this surveillance plan, the accuracy of diagnosis of clinically symptomatic pulmonary emboli was improved and the detection of otherwise silent pulmonary emboli became possible. The group of patients who received low doses of warfarin showed a 6 per cent total incidence of pulmonary emboli compared with a 19 per cent incidence in the group receiving aspirin (p less than 0.05). There was, however, no significant difference when the incidences of only the clinically suspected emboli were compared, the rates for the two groups being 5 and 8 per cent, respectively (p greater than 0.05). There was also no significant difference between men and women with regard to the prophylactic efficacy of aspirin in preventing pulmonary embolism. PMID- 7118969 TI - Methylmethacrylate stabilization for enhancement of posterior cervical arthrodesis in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Stainless-steel wire, titanium mesh, and perforated titanium sheets and methylmethacrylate were used in conjunction with autogenous iliac-bone grafts to provide immediate stability in difficult or long posterior cervical fusions in eleven patients with rheumatoid arthritis, who were followed for three to 12.5 years. Two surgical techniques, using methylmethacrylate and metal supplementation of a traditional posterior cervical arthrodesis, are described. One technique includes the occiput, while the other consists of a long posterior fusion that excludes the occiput. In ten of the eleven patients, permanent radiographic stability was maintained as well as a significant reduction of pain and resolution of neural dysfunction. In the eleventh patient a cervical subluxation developed at the distal end of the rigidly fused segment, and eventually the patient died. Four patients who were seen early in the series had wound dehiscences, two of which were infected. Subsequently the methacrylate metal composite was reduced in volume, and this problem did not recur. In summary, this technique has provided immediate internal splinting and avoided bulky external-fixation devices. It was most useful in fusions of the occiput to the upper part of the cervical spine, in long posterior cervical arthrodesis, and for the repair of pseudarthroses when traditional arthrodesis techniques had failed. PMID- 7118970 TI - Compression of the musculocutaneous nerve at the elbow. AB - From 1965 to 1981, eleven patients with compression of the sensory portion of the musculocutaneous nerve by the biceps aponeurosis and tendon were seen at Duke University Medical Center and followed until the completion of treatment. Four patients responded to non-operative management. Compression of the nerve by the biceps aponeurosis and tendon against the fascia of the brachialis muscle accounted for the characteristic finding of nerve-flattening and loss of vascular markings in the seven patients who required surgery. Surgical decompression relieved the symptoms in all seven of them. PMID- 7118971 TI - Osteolysis of the distal part of the clavicle in male athletes. AB - Osteolysis of the distal part of the clavicle was diagnosed in forty-six men, none of whom had a history of acute injury to the acromioclavicular area. All patients were athletes and forty-five lifted weights as part of their training. Pain and tenderness at the acromioclavicular joint associated with radiographic signs of osteoporosis, loss of subchondral bone detail, and cystic changes in the distal part of the clavicle were present in varying degrees. Joint scintigraphy showed increased activity in the distal part of the clavicle in all patients. Resection of the distal end of the clavicle in twenty-one patients, four with bilateral procedures, resulted in relief of symptoms in the nineteen who were followed. All but five of these patients were able to continue their sports activities and weight-training. The twenty-five patients who were not operated on also had improvement, but only after cessation or change of their sports activity and avoidance of weight-training. PMID- 7118972 TI - Cyclic sequential compression of the lower limb in prevention of deep venous thrombosis. AB - Patients undergoing operations on the hip for either replacement or fracture were chosen for this study. Fifty-two subjects received cyclic sequential compression as well as elevation of the lower limb while another fifty-two patients were treated with only elevation of the lower limb. No other method of prophylaxis for deep venous thrombosis was employed during the study period. Support stockings were used after removal of the compression device. Doppler ultrasound, phleborheography, and, when possible, radioiodinated fibrinogen scanning were used for identification and location of thrombi. A deep-vein thrombosis developed in ten patients (19 per cent) in the control group and in only one patient (2 per cent) in the group that was treated with compression. This difference is statistically significant (p less than 0.05). PMID- 7118973 TI - Femoral component loosening using contemporary techniques of femoral cement fixation. AB - A radiographic study was done of 171 total hip replacements that had been followed for an average of 3.3 years (range, two to five years). The study was performed to assess the incidence of loosening of the femoral component in older adult patients (average age, sixty years) in whom the medullary canal had been plugged with methylmethacrylate (using the medullary plug syringe to introduce the plug) prior to introducing the cement (Simplex P) with a cement-gun. Most of the femoral components that were used were of the CAD or HD-2 design, and all were made of chromium-cobalt alloy. Three categories of loosening were defined: definite (requiring radiographic evidence of migration of the component or the cement), probable (requiring evidence of complete 100 per cent radiolucent zone around the cement mantle on one or more radiographs), and possible (requiring evidence of a radiolucent zone that occupied more than 50 but less than 100 per cent of the cement-bone interface on one or more radiographs). One hip required revision for a loose femoral component and another patient had asymptomatic subsidence of the femoral component. Thus, the total incidence of definitely loose femoral components was 1.1 per cent. No hip was classified as having probable loosening; seven hips (4 per cent) were rated as having possible loosening. Compared with the results of four other published reports of patients of similar age with similar follow-up, and using the same radiographic criterion for loosening, the current series demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of definitely loose femoral components. PMID- 7118974 TI - The discoid lateral-meniscus syndrome. AB - Discoid lateral meniscus has been described as a morphologically variable anomaly, and several classifications have been proposed. We have seen twelve patients with the so-called complete type of discoid lateral meniscus, with intact ligament attachments as an incidental finding at the time of arthroscopy. Ten of the twelve patients were without significant symptoms attributable to the meniscus; that is, they had no meniscal tears or laxity. We also have seen six patients with the Wrisberg-ligament type of discoid lateral meniscus, in which there is abnormal meniscal mobility. All six patients were symptomatic and had the so-called snapping-knee syndrome, for which they had arthroscopic lateral meniscectomy. During arthroscopy, care should be taken not to confuse the asymptomatic complete type of discoid lateral meniscus with the Wrisberg-ligament type. PMID- 7118975 TI - Synovectomy of the elbow in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Twenty-five synovectomies of the elbow were performed in twenty-one patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and the patients were followed for two to eleven years. All patients had an advanced stage of the disease, with disintegration of cartilage and severe erosions of bone. The operations were performed by the same surgeon using the same technique. Follow-up studies revealed various degrees of improvement in all patients. The improvement in motion was most evident in rotation of the forearm. Pain was diminished in all but three patients. In five elbows a few degrees of flexion and extension was lost. The favorable response to synovectomy was retained throughout the follow-up period in twenty-four elbows. In only one elbow was there recurrence of the synovial swelling, about eight years after the operation. PMID- 7118976 TI - Anatomical findings in the hands of patients with Poland's syndrome. PMID- 7118977 TI - Intercondylar fractures of the humerus in young children. A report of two cases. PMID- 7118978 TI - Burst fractures of the fifth lumbar vertebra. A report of four cases. PMID- 7118979 TI - Irreducible fracture-separation of the distal radial epiphysis. Report of a case. PMID- 7118980 TI - Blastomycosis of bone. A report of six cases. PMID- 7118981 TI - Orthopaedic management of childhood neuromuscular disease. Part III: diseases of muscle. PMID- 7118983 TI - Deep infection following total joint replacement. PMID- 7118984 TI - Graft material for damaged cruciate ligament of the knee. PMID- 7118982 TI - Twisted trees and tempests. PMID- 7118985 TI - A ten-year follow-up of one hundred consecutive Muller curved-stem total hip replacement arthroplasties. AB - One hundred consecutive Muller curved-stem total hip replacements were reviewed ten years after operation. Twenty patients with twenty-two arthroplasties had died within the ten-year period without having a revision, and twenty-five arthroplasties had been revised for various reasons. Of the remaining fifty-three arthroplasties, thirty-five were classified as good or excellent, with Harris hip scores of 80 points or higher, and eighteen were classified as poor or fair, with scores lower than 80 points. Follow-up radiographs, made for all but six of the fifty-three hips at ten years, showed a 23 per cent incidence of migration of the acetabular component and a 28 per cent incidence of migration of the femoral component. In addition, there was a 15 per cent incidence of bone resorption in the proximal end of the femur without migration of the femoral component and a 4 per cent incidence of osteolytic defects about the femoral component, also without migration. Combining the radiographically loose replacement (migration) with the clinically loose ones (revised), the over-all incidence of aseptic loosening was 29 per cent for the acetabular component and 40 per cent for the femoral component. There was a positive correlation between the incidence of loosening of the femoral component and younger age, heavier weight, male sex, unilateral hip disease, a wide femoral canal, and varus position of the femoral component, whereas the incidence of loosening of the acetabular component was increased only in association with older age. The rate of loosening of the femoral component appeared to be higher during the early follow-up period and to decrease with time, while the rate of loosening of the acetabular component appeared to be lower during the early follow-up period but to increase with time. PMID- 7118986 TI - Ten-year follow-up study of total hip replacement. AB - Of the first 300 consecutive patients who had a Charnley total hip replacement at the Mayo Clinic during the years 1960 to 1970, 207 (231 hips) were re-evaluated ten years postoperative by questionnaire and roentgenograms. Forty-three of these were also evaluated by personal examination. Roentgenographic loosening of the acetabular component was determined using the criterion of a complete radiolucent line more than one millimeter in width at the bone-cement interface or any migration or tilting of the component. For the femoral component, the criterion for loosening was a radiolucent line more than one millimeter wide at either the bone-cement or the cement-prosthesis interface, or any change in the position of the component. As previously reported, the incidence of loose components at five years was 6.5 per cent for the acetabular component and 24 per cent for the femoral component. At ten years the incidence of loosening had increased to 11.3 per cent for the acetabular component and 29.9 per cent for the femoral component. Therefore, between five and ten years postoperatively the rate of femoral loosening decreased, while the rate of acetabular loosening remained about the same. The overall-revision rate for loosening of total hip components increased from 3 per cent at five years to 7.4 per cent at ten years. Acetabular wear was not a significant problem. Resorption of the medial femoral cortex near the calcar was generally non-progressive and was not significantly related to loosening. two modes of loosening are suggested, the more common being cracking of the cement mantle due to circumferential (hoop) stresses within the cement. This series probably represents a so-called worst-case experience, since changes in design and materials as well as the improvements in surgical technique that have evolved over the past decade should provide significantly better long-term fixation. PMID- 7118987 TI - Chiari osteotomy in the treatment of congenital dislocation and subluxation of the hip. AB - Twenty-nine Chiari osteotomies (eleven in children and eighteen in adolescents and adults) were critically reviewed after a minimum follow-up of two years and an average follow-up of 4.6 years. In four patients with complete dislocation and seven with moderate or severe subluxation, operations performed between the ages of four and fifteen years yielded five excellent or good results, three fair results, and three poor results. In the eighteen adolescent and adult patients, all of whom had pain, there were eleven good, two fair, and five poor results, the poor results being due to technical errors for the most part. The identified technical pitfalls were too low an osteotomy and too much displacement of the osteotomized fragments. PMID- 7118989 TI - On the active principles of the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae). IV. Skin irritant and tumor promoting diterpene esters from Euphorbia ingens E.Mey. AB - The irritant and tumor-promoting principles of the latex of Euphorbia ingens E. Mey have been isolated together with several nonirritant compounds. The Euphorbia factors I1, I5, and I6 are esters of ingenane-type poly-functional diterpene alcohols. Euphorbia factor I1 is characterized as the 3-hexadecanoate of the polyfunctional parent alcohol ingenol and Euphorbia factor I6 as the 3-deca-2.4.6 trienoic acid ester of ingenol. Euphorbia factor I5 is the 16-angelate-3-deca 2.4.6-trienoate of 16-hydroxyingenol. Nonirritant diterpenes of the latex are I2, the ingenol-20-hexadecanoate - an isomer of Euphorbia factor I1 - and I4, the 3.7.12-triacetate-8-nicotinate of the macrocyclic lathyrane-type polyfunctional diterpene alcohol ingol. The diterpene alcohols ingenol and 16-hydroxyingenol are inactive as irritants and tumor promoters of mouse skin. Compared to croton oil factor A1 (TPA), the Euphorbia factor I1 exhibits about 1/10 of the irritant and tumor-promoting activity in mouse skin. I1 shows no reasonable tumorigenic activity. Compared with I1, Eupohorbia factors I5 and I6 are more potent irritants and less potent tumor promoters. PMID- 7118990 TI - [Manipulated selective inhibition of microcirculation in cancer tissues]. AB - This paper confirms previous results that hyperglycemia (5 g/l) lasting 250 min, when combined with local hyperthermia (43 degrees C) for the last 100 min, strongly inhibits microcirculation in Yoshida sarcomas and DS-carcinosarcomas. This inhibition occurs independently of heparinization of the animals (700 IU/200 G body weight) so blood coagulation cannot be an important factor in the mechanism of microcirculation inhibition. After inhibition of microcirculation (detected by measuring tissue death after application of Evans' blue) the dye concentration in the tumor tissue increased unspecifically with a certain time delay and was then only slightly lower than in the untreated tumors. The causes of this observation area discussed. The blood volume of the tumors investigated amounted to about 4 vol.-%. The microcirculation of untreated tumors amounted to between 33 and 50% of the microcirculation of normal tissue (muscle). High doses of Evans' blue inhibited blood coagulation. PMID- 7118988 TI - Evolution of activation-detoxification enzyme patterns during precarcinogenesis in synergism: 3-methylcholanthrene and dimethylnitrosamine. PMID- 7118991 TI - Usefulness of the PAL test in the diagnosis of lung cancer. AB - Usefulness of a simple microagglutination test for diagnosis of malignant diseases was evaluated in the diagnosis of lung cancer. The test was not specific, being positive in 82% of malignant and 55% of nonmalignant cases. It was shown that poly-L-lysine-induced agglutination of lymphocytes reflects rather changed serum than cell properties and cannot be taken as a method for detection of sensitized cells. PMID- 7118992 TI - Ultrastructural, biochemical, and cell-culture studies of a presumed extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma with special reference to differential diagnosis from neuroblastoma. AB - The history of a 6-year-old girl with a tumor originating from thoracic spine and finally becoming resistant to surgery, radio-, and chemotherapy is reported. Tumor-biopsy material was studied by light and electron microscopy, in cell culture, by acetylcholinesterase ultracytochemistry, and by quantitative catecholamine analysis and this led to the rejection of the initial diagnosis of a neuroblastoma. Light microscopy revealed a uniform population of undifferentiated cells incompletely lobulated by broad fibrovascular septa. Using the electron microscope, cells were characterized by large intracellular pools of glycogen, little cytoplasm with an abundance of free ribosomes and a paucity of organelles. A few cells displayed desmosome-like attachment sites. Staining for specific and unspecific acetylcholinesterase was negative with light and electron microscopy, as were the results of catecholamine histofluorescence using the glyoxylic acid method. The latter result was confirmed by the negative outcome of quantitative analyses of dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline with high pressure liquid chromatography nd electrochemical detection in tissue samples. Tumor cells could easily be maintained in culture for up to 4 weeks. None of a variety of treatments that are known to favor expression of neuronal characteristics in neuroblastoma cells (serum withdrawal, nerve growth factor, dbcAMP, dexamethasone) induced morphological differentiation in cultured tumor cells. On the basis of the clinical history, morphology, and of our experiments with tumor cells, the diagnosis of a so-called extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma is most likely. Our results strengthen the view that a cell biology approach may be valuable in neuroblastoma differential diagnosis. PMID- 7118993 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of the sialoglycoprotein fraction of murine erythrocyte ghosts. AB - With the lithium diiodosalicylate (LIS1) extraction-phenol partition method, we have isolated a sialoglycoprotein fraction from DBA/2 mouse erythrocyte ghosts. We have demonstrated that the Laemmeli system for SDS PAGE can resolve this fraction into four monomers of which two (gp-2.1 and gp-3.1) appear to be authentic, whereas the other two (gp-2.2 and gp-3.2) are probably generated from gp-2.1 and gp-3.1, by limited proteolysis during the isolation procedure. All four components contain O-acetylated neuraminic acid residues, can be stained with Periodic acid-Schiff reagent (PAS) and with Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CB), and can be radioiodinated with the lactoperoxidase-glucose oxidase (LPO-GO) method. All monomers but especially gp-2.1 and gp-3.1 generate characteristic aggregates during solubilization in SDS. The aggregation is enhanced by boiling at high concentrations, and can be reversed by boiling at low concentrations. In addition, the fraction contains a diffuse component present also in ghosts which stains poorly with CB and with PAS and cannot be radioiodinated by the LPO-GO technique. SDS PAGE in the Steck and Yu gel system does not give an accurate separation of the sialoglycoprotein monomers. PMID- 7118995 TI - Exocytosis of pinocytic contents by Chinese hamster ovary cells. AB - The extent of exocytosis of pinocytic vesicle contents was studied in suspension cultured Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a pinocytic content marker. HRP was shown to be internalized via fluid-phase pinocytosis in CHO cells. After an HRP pulse of 2.5-10 min a rapid decrease of 30 50% in cell-associated HRP activity was observed within 10-20 min at 37 degrees C. During this time the loss of cell-associated HRP was accompanied by an equivalent increase in extracellular HRP. After this rapid exocytosis of HRP, the remaining peroxidase activity decreased with a t1/2 of 6-8 h, the known lysosomal half-life of HRP. In pulse-chase experiments HRP was chased into a nonexocytic compartment. Based on cell fractionation and electron microscopic experiments, this nonexocytic compartment was identified as a lysosome and the compartment from which exocytosis occurs as a pinosome. The occurrence of pinocytic content exocytosis in cultured fibroblasts suggests that exocytosis of pinocytic vesicle contents is a general phenomenon. PMID- 7118994 TI - Synthesis, transport, and utilization of specific flagellar proteins during flagellar regeneration in Chlamydomonas. AB - We labeled gametes of Chlamydomonas with 10-min pulses of 35SO4(-2) before and at various times after deflagellation, and isolated whole cells and flagella immediately after the pulse. The labeled proteins were separated by one- or two dimensional gel electrophoresis, and the amount of isotope incorporated into specific proteins was determined. Individual proteins were identified with particular structures by correlating missing axonemal polypeptides with ultrastructural defects in paralyzed mutants, or by polypeptide analysis of flagellar fractions. Synthesis of most flagellar proteins appeared to be coordinately induced after flagellar amputation. The rate of synthesis for most quantified proteins increased at least 4- to 10-fold after deflagellation. The kinetics of synthesis of proteins contained together within a structure (e.g., the radial spoke proteins [RSP] ) were frequently similar; however, the kinetics of synthesis of proteins contained in different structures (e.g., RSP vs. alpha- and beta-tubulins) were different. Most newly synthesized flagellar proteins were rapidly transported into the flagellum with kinetics reflecting the rate of growth of the organelle; exceptions included a central tubule complex protein (CT1) and an actinlike component, both of which appeared to be supplied almost entirely from pre-existing, unlabeled pools. Isotope dilution experiments showed that, for most quantified axonemal proteins, a minimum of 35-40% of the polypeptide chains used in assembling a new axoneme was synthesized during regeneration; these proteins appeared to have predeflagellation pools of approximately the same size relative to their stoichiometries in the axoneme. In contrast, CT1 and the actinlike protein had comparatively large pools. PMID- 7118996 TI - Serotonin storage pools in basophil leukemia and mast cells: characterization of two types of serotonin binding protein and radioautographic analysis of the intracellular distribution of [3H]serotonin. AB - We studied binding of serotonin to protein(s) derived from rat basophil leukemia (RBL) cells and mast cells. We found two types of serotonin binding protein in RBL cells. These proteins differed from one another in molecular weight and eluted in separate peaks from sephadex G-200 columns. Peak I protein (KD = 1.9 X 10(-6) M) was a glycoprotein that bound to concanavalin A (Con A); Peak II protein (KD1 = 4.5 X 10(-8) M; KD2 = 3.9 X 10(-6) M) did not bind to Con A. Moreover, binding of [3H]serotonin to protein of peak I was sensitive to inhibition by reserpine, while binding of [3H]serotonin to protein of peak II resisted inhibition by that drug. Other differences between the two types of binding protein were found, the most significant of which was the far more vigorous conditions of homogenization required to extract peak I than peak II protein. Neither peak I nor peak II protein resembled the serotonin binding protein (SBP) that is found in serotonergic neurons of the brain and gut. Electron microscope radioautographic analysis of the intracellular distribution of [3H]serotonin taken up in vitro by RBL cells or in vivo by murine mast cells indicated that essentially all of the labeled amine was located in cytoplasmic granules. No evidence for a pool in the cytosol was found and all granules were capable of becoming labeled. The presence of two types of intracellular serotonin binding proteins in these cells may indicate that there are two intracellular storage compartments for the amine. Both may be intragranular, but peak I protein may be associated with the granular membrane while peak II protein may be more free within the granular core. Different storage proteins may help to explain the differential release of amines from mast cell granules. PMID- 7118997 TI - Meiosis in Sciara coprophila: structure of the spindle and chromosome behavior during the first meiotic division. AB - Light microscope descriptions of meiosis I in males of the fungus gnat Sciara coprophila suggested the presence of a monopolar spindle in which maternal and limited chromosomes move poleward while paternal chromosomes "back away" from the pole. The ultrastructural analysis reported here, based upon serial sections of cells in different stages of meiosis I, shows that the spindle is indeed monopolar with a distinctive differentiation, the polar complex, at one pole. This complex is the focus of a conical radiation of spindle microtubules. Kinetochores of paternal chromosomes face the complex and microtubules associated with these kinetochores run toward the complex. No kinetochore microtubules were discovered on maternal or limited chromosomes. When the position of paternal, maternal, and limited chromosomes is compared at various stages, it is found that limited chromosomes always remain near the polar complex, paternal chromosomes remain far from it and only maternal chromosomes move closer to the pole. Apparently, chromosome segregation does not depend on paternal chromosomes "backing away" from the pole, and the required movement of maternal chromosomes take place in the absence of kinetochore microtubules. In the prophase nucleus, limited and maternal chromosomes are already spatially separate from paternal chromosomes before the spindle forms. Thus, the monopolar spindle functions only to increase the distance between already segregated sets of chromosomes. An extensive system of microtubule-associated membranes outlines the spindle; the possibility that maternal chromosome movement is somehow related to the presence of this membrane is discussed. PMID- 7118999 TI - Motility mutants of Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - We describe six motility mutants of Dictyostelium discoideum in this report. They were identified among a group of temperature-sensitive growth (Tsg) mutants that had been previously isolated using an enrichment for phagocytosis-defective cells. The Tsg mutants were screened for their ability to produce tracks on gold coated cover slips, and several strains were found that were temperature sensitive for migration in this assay. Analysis of spontaneous Tsg+ revertants of 10 migration-defective strains identified six strains that co-reverted the Tsg and track formation phenotypes. Characterization of these six strains indicated that they were defective at restrictive temperature in track formation, phagocytosis of bacteria, and pseudopodial and filopodial activity, while retaining normal rates of oxygen consumption and viability. Because they had lost this group of motile capabilities, these strains were designated motility mutants. The Tsg+ revertants of these mutants, which coordinately recovered all of the motile activities, were found at frequencies consistent with single genetic events. Analysis of the motility mutants and their revertants suggests a relationship between the motility mutations in some of these strains and genes affecting axenic growth. PMID- 7118998 TI - Increased K+ inhibits spontaneous contractions reduces myosin accumulation in cultured chick myotubes. AB - Increasing the K+ from 5.4 mM to 12 mM in the culture medium of developing chick myotubes causes an immediate cessation of spontaneous contractions and leads to an inhibition of myosin accumulation. The synthesis of myosin continues at the same rate in 12 mM K+ as in 5.4 mM K+ as measured by [3H]leucine incorporation into myosin corrected for differences in pool specific activity. Total protein synthesis and total protein accumulation are unaffected by growth in 12 mM K+. In addition, growth in 12 mM K+ did not alter the type of myosin heavy-chain isoform expression nor did it alter the pattern of myosin light-chain synthesis. However, the rate of myosin turnover increased threefold in cultures grown in 12 mM K+ compared to cultures grown in 5.4 mM K+, while total protein turnover was only marginally increased. We conclude that suppressed electrical or contractile activity of myotubes leads to an increased rate of myofibrillar protein turnover and that spontaneous mechanical and or electrical activity is required for continued myotube maturation in culture. PMID- 7119000 TI - Synthesis of cartilage matrix by mammalian chondrocytes in vitro. II. Maintenance of collagen and proteoglycan phenotype. AB - The in vitro phenotype of bovine articular chondrocytes is described. Chondrocytes plated at high density in roller-bottle and dish cultures were maintained in vitro. The major matrix macromolecules, collagen and proteoglycan, synthesized by these cells were characterized during the course of the culture period. The chondrocytes synthesized mainly Type II collagen, which was found predominantly in the cell-associated matrix. The media contained a mixture of Type II and Type III collagens. Type I collagen was detectable in neither the medium nor the cell-associated matrix. The proteoglycan monomers found in media and cell-associated matrix had the same hydrodynamic sizes as monomers synthesized by cartilage slices or those extracted from adult articular cartilage. The majority of proteoglycans synthesized by the cells were found in high molecular weight aggregates which were readily recovered from the media and were extractable from cell-associated matrix with low ionic strength buffers. The results demonstrate the long-term in vitro phenotypic stability of the bovine articular chondrocytes. The advantages of the in vitro system as a model for studying the effects of external agents, such as drugs and vitamins, are discussed. PMID- 7119001 TI - Flagellar surface antigens in Euglena: immunological evidence for an external glycoprotein pool and its transfer to the regenerating flagellum. AB - Antibodies raised against the Sarkosyl-insoluble, major flagellar glycoprotein fraction, mastigonemes, were used to determine the source of flagellar surface glycoproteins and to define the general properties of flagellar surface assembly in Euglena. After suitable absorption, mastigoneme antiserum reacts with several specific mastigoneme glycoproteins but does not bind either to the other major flagellar glycoprotein, xyloglycorien, or to other Sarkosyl-soluble flagellar components. When Fab' fragments of this mastigoneme-specific antiserum were used in combination with a biotin-avidin secondary label, antigen was localized not only on the flagellum as previously described but also in the contiguous reservoir region. If deflagellated cells are reservoir pulse-labeled with Fab' antibody, this antibody appears subsequently on the newly regenerated flagellum. This chased antibody is uniformly distributed throughout the length of the flagellum and shows no preferred growth zone after visualization with either fluorescein or ferritin-conjugated secondary label. From these and tunicamycin inhibition experiments it is concluded that (a) a surface pool of at least some flagellar surface antigens is present in the reservoir membrane adjacent to the flagellum and that (b) the reservoir antigen pool is transferred to the flagellar surface during regeneration. PMID- 7119002 TI - Strongylocentrotus purpuratus spindle tubulin. I. Characteristics of its polymerization and depolymerization in vitro. AB - Tubulin was extracted from spindles isolated from embryos of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, repolymerized in vitro, and purified through three cycles of temperature-dependent assembly and disassembly. In addition to the tubulin, these preparations contain a protein of 80 kdaltons and a small but variable amount of actin. At 37 degrees C, the tubulin polymerizes with a critical concentration of 0.15-0.2 mg/ml into smooth-walled polymers which contain predominantly 14 protofilaments. Removal of the 80 kdalton protein and the actin by DEAE-chromatography does not change the critical concentration for polymerization. At 15 degrees C, which is within the range of physiological temperatures for S. purpuratus embryos, the spindle tubulin will self-assemble, but the rate of total polymer formation is very slow, requiring hours in the test tube. This rate can be increased by shearing the polymerizing microtubules, creating more ends for assembly, indicating that the slow rate of polymer formation is due to a slow rate of self-initiation. If spindle tubulin is polymerized at 37 degrees C and then lowered to 15 degrees C, some polymer will be retained, the percentage of which depends on the protein concentration. These results demonstrate that spindle tubulin from S. purpuratus will assemble at 37 degrees C with a low critical concentration for polymerization in the absence of detectable MAPs and will self-assemble and maintain steady state levels of polymer at physiological temperatures. PMID- 7119003 TI - Strongylocentrotus purpuratus spindle tubulin. II. Characteristics of its sensitivity to Ca++ and the effects of calmodulin isolated from bovine brain and S. purpuratus eggs. AB - Tubulin was extracted from spindles isolated from embryos of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and purified through cycles of temperature dependent assembly and disassembly. At 37 degrees C, the majority of the cycle purified spindle tubulin polymer is insensitive to free Ca++ at concentrations below 0.4 mM, requiring free Ca++ concentrations greater than 1 mM for complete depolymerization. However, free Ca++ at concentrations above 1 microM inhibits initiation of polymer formation without significantly inhibiting the rate of elongation onto existing polymer. At 15 degrees C and 18 degrees C, temperatures that are physiological for S. purpuratus embryos, spindle tubulin polymer is sensitive to free Ca++ at micromolar concentrations such that 3-20 microM free Ca++ causes complete depolymerization. Calmodulin purified from either bovine brain or S. purpuratus eggs does not affect the Ca++ sensitivity of the spindle tubulin at 37 degrees C, although both increase the Ca++ sensitivity of cycle purified bovine brain tubulin. These results indicate that cycle-purified spindle tubulin and cycle-purified bovine brain tubulin differ significantly in their responses to calmodulin and in their Ca++ sensitivities at their physiological temperatures. They also suggest that, in vivo, spindle tubulin may be regulated by physiological levels of intracellular Ca++ in the absence of Ca++-sensitizing factors. PMID- 7119004 TI - Mammalian eyes and associated tissues contain molecules that are immunologically related to cartilage proteoglycan and link protein. AB - Monospecific antibodies to bovine nasal cartilage proteoglycan monomer and link protein were used to demonstrate that immunologically related molecules are present in the bovine eye and associated tissues. With immunofluorescence microscopy, reactions for both proteoglycan and link protein were observed in the sclera, the anterior uveal tract, and the endoneurium of the optic nerve of the central nervous system. Antibody to bovine nasal cartilage proteoglycan also reacted with some connective tissue sheaths of rectus muscle and the perineurium of the optic nerve of the central nervous system. Antibody to proteoglycan purified from rat brain cross-reacted with bovine nasal cartilage proteoglycan, indicating structural similarities between these proteoglycans. ELISA studies and crossed immunoelectrophoresis demonstrated that purified dermatan sulphate proteoglycans isolated from bovine sclera did not react with these antibodies but that the antibody to cartilage proteoglycan reacted with other molecules extracted from sclera. Two molecular species resembling bovine nasal link protein in size and reactivity with antibody were also demonstrated in scleral extracts: the larger molecule was more common. Antibody to link protein reacted with the media of arterial vessels demonstrating the localization of arterial link protein described earlier. Tissues that were unstained for either molecule included the connective tissue stroma of the iris, retina, vitreous body, cornea, and the remainder of the uveal tract. These observations clearly demonstrate that tissues other than cartilage contain molecules that are immunologically related to cartilage-derived proteoglycans and link proteins. PMID- 7119006 TI - Centrioles in the cell cycle. I. Epithelial cells. AB - A study was made of the structure of the centrosome in the cell cycle in a nonsynchronous culture of pig kidney embryo (PE) cells. In the spindle pole of the metaphase cell there are two mutually perpendicular centrioles (mother and daughter) which differ in their ultrastructure. An electron-dense halo, which surrounds only the mother centriole and is the site where spindle microtubules converge, disappears at the end of telophase. In metaphase and anaphase, the mother centriole is situated perpendicular to the spindle axis. At the beginning of the G1 period, pericentriolar satellites are formed on the mother centriole with microtubules attached to them; the two centrioles diverge. The structures of the two centrioles differ throughout interphase; the mother centriole has appendages, the daughter does not. Replication of the centrioles occurs approximately in the middle of the S period. The structure of the procentrioles differs sharply from that of the mature centriole. Elongation of procentrioles is completed in prometaphase, and their structure undergoes a number of successive changes. In the G2 period, pericentriolar satellites disappear and some time later a fibrillar halo is formed on both mother centrioles, i.e., spindle poles begin to form. In the cells that have left the mitotic cycle (G0 period), replication of centrioles does not take place; in many cells, a cilium is formed on the mother centriole. In a small number of cells a cilium is formed in the S and G2 periods, but unlike the cilium in the G0 period it does not reach the surface of the cell. In all cases, it locates on the centriole with appendages. At the beginning of the G1 period, during the G2 period, and in nonciliated cells in the G0 period, one of the centrioles is situated perpendicular to the substrate. On the whole, it takes a mature centriole a cycle and a half to form in PE cells. PMID- 7119007 TI - Surface functions during mitosis. III. Quantitative analysis of ligand-receptor movement into the cleavage furrow: diffusion vs. flow. AB - The surface distribution of concanavalin A (Con A) bound to cell membrane receptors varies dramatically as a function of mitotic phase. The lectin is distributed diffusely on cells labeled and observed between mid-prophase and early anaphase, whereas cells observed in late anaphase or telophase demonstrate a marked accumulation of Con A-receptor complexes over the developing cleavage furrow (Berlin, Oliver, and Walter. 1978. Cell. 15:327-341). In this report, we first use a system based on video intensification fluorescence microscopy to describe the simultaneous changes in cell shape and in lectin-receptor complex topography during progression of single cells through the mitotic cycle. The video analysis establishes that fluorescein succinyl Con A (F-S Con A)-receptor complex redistribution begins coincident with the first appearance of the cleavage furrow and is essentially complete within 2-3 min. This remarkable redistribution of surface fluorescence occurs during only a modest change in cell shape from a sphere to a belted cylinder. It reflects the translocation of complexes and not the accumulation of excess labeled membrane in the cleavage furrow: first, bound fluorescent cholera toxin which faithfully outlines the plasma membrane is not accumulated in the cleavage furrow, and, second, electron microscopy of peroxidase-Con A labeled cells undergoing cleavage shows that there is a high linear density of lectin within the furrow while Con A is virtually eliminated from the poles. The rate of surface movement of F-S Con A was quantitated by photon counting during a repetitive series of laser-excited fluorescence scans across dividing cells. Results were analyzed in terms of two alternative models of movement: a flow model in which complexes moved unidirectionally at constant velocity, and a diffusion model in which complexes could diffuse freely but were trapped at the cleavage furrow. According to these models, the observed rates of accumulation were attainable at either an effective flow velocity of approximately 1 micron/min, or an effective diffusion coefficient of approximately 10(-9) cm2/s. However, in separate experiments the lectin-receptor diffusion rate measured directly by the method of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) on metaphase cells was only approximately 10(-10) cm2/s. Most importantly, photobleaching experiments during the actual period of F-S Con A accumulation showed that lectin-receptor movement during cleavage occurs unidirectionally. These results rule out diffusion and make a process of oriented flow of ligand-receptor complexes the most likely mechanism for ligand-receptor accumulation in the cleavage furrow. PMID- 7119008 TI - The microsporidian spore invasion tube. III. Tube extrusion and assembly. AB - The polar filaments within microsporidian spores discharges as tubes with subsecond velocity. Populations of discharging tubes of Glugea hertwigi spores pulse-labeled with latex particles for 1-3 s were consistently devoid of label at the distal ends; discharging tubes were completely labeled after 30- to 60-s exposure to latex. This experiment indicates that discharge tubes grow at the tip. Completely assembled discharge tubes consisted of single, empty cylinders; however, incompletely discharged tubes had a cylinder-within-a-cylinder profile at the distal ends. This observation indicates that the discharge tube material emerges at the distal end by an eversion process. Finally, studies with cinematic Nomarski interference optics of spore tubes extruding across a water-air interphase indicate that all the material emerging from the growing tip of the tube is incorporated into the wall of the discharge tube. Evidence indicates that the polar filament of undischarged spores is a homogeneous coil of polar tube protein equivalent to the polar tube protein in discharged tubes. PMID- 7119005 TI - An immunoelectron microscope study of the organization of proteoglycan monomer, link protein, and collagen in the matrix of articular cartilage. AB - Monospecific antibodies to bovine cartilage proteoglycan monomer (PG) and link protein (LP) have been used with immunoperoxidase electron microscopy to study the distribution and organization of these molecules in bovine articular cartilage. The following observations were made: (a) The interterritorial matrix of the deep zone contained discrete interfibrillar particulate staining for PG and LP. This particulate staining, which was linked by faint bands of staining (for PG) or filaments (for LP), was spaced at 75- to 80-nm intervals. On collagen fibrils PG was also detected as particulate staining spaced at regular intervals (72 nm), corresponding to the periodicity of collagen cross-banding. The interfibrillar PG staining was often linked to the fibrillar PG staining by the same bands or filaments. The latter were cleaved by a proteinase-free Streptomyces hyaluronidase with the removal of much of the interfibrillar lattice. Since this enzyme has a specificity for hyaluronic acid, the observations indicate that the lattice contains a backbone of hyaluronic acid (which appeared as banded or filamentous staining) to which is attached LP and PG, the latter collapsing when the tissue is fixed, reacted with antibodies, and prepared for electron microscopy. Thishyaluronic acid is anchored to collagen fibrils at regular intervals where PG is detected on collagen. PG and LP detected by antibody in the interterritorial zones are essentially fully extractible with 4 M guanidine hydrochloride. These observations indicated that interfibrillar PG and LP is aggregated with HA in this zone. (b) The remainder of the cartilage matrix had a completely different organization of PG and LP. There was no evidence of a similar latticework based on hyaluronic acid. Instead, smaller more closely packed particulate staining for PG was seen everywhere irregularly distributed over and close to collagen fibrils. LP was almost undetectable in the territorial matrix of the deep zone, as observed previously. In the middle and superficial zones, stronger semiparticulate staining for LP was distributed over collagen fibrils. (c) In the superficial zone, reaction product for PG was distributed evenly on collagen fibrils as diffuse staining and also irregularly as particulate staining. LP was observed as semiparticulate staining over collagen fibrils. The diffuse staining for PG remained after extraction with 4 M guanidine hydrochloride. (d) In pericellular matrix, most clearly identified in middle and deep zones, the nature and organization of reaction product for PG and LP were similar to those observed in the territorial matrix, except that LP and PG were more strongly stained and amorphous staining for both components was also observed. (e) This study demonstrates striking regional variations of ultrastructural organization of PG and LP in articular cartilage... PMID- 7119009 TI - Properties of extracellular adhesion-mediating particles in myoblast clone and its adhesion-deficient variant. AB - Both the skeletal muscle myoblast cell line L6 and an adhesion-deficient variant of L6 released glycoprotein complexes, termed adherons, into their culture medium. The adherons from the variant, M3A, differed from those of L6 in a number of properties. M3A adherons were much less effective in promoting the cell substratum and cell-cell adhesion of myoblasts than L6 particles. The adherons from the two cell lines also differed in their relative sedimentation velocities in sucrose gradients and had different chemical compositions. The M3A particle lacked chondroitin and contained relatively less collagen and fibronectin than the L6 adheron. Both L6 and M3A particles adhered to plastic surfaces and cells equally well in the absence of calcium ions. Neither cell-cell adhesion nor particle aggregation occurred in calcium-free medium. However, in the presence of calcium, the L6 adherons aggregated completely and M3A particles aggregated poorly. These data suggest that at least two sets of interactions are required for adheron-mediated adhesion: a calcium-independent binding of the adheron to the cell, and a calcium-dependent interaction between particles that is directly responsible for adhesion. The M3A variant is blocked at the calcium-dependent step, resulting in an adhesion deficiency. PMID- 7119010 TI - Carbohydrate specificity of sea urchin sperm bindin: a cell surface lectin mediating sperm-egg adhesion. AB - We have examined the carbohydrate specificity of bindin, a sperm protein responsible for the adhesion of sea urchin sperm to eggs, by investigating the interaction of a number of polysaccharides and glycoconjugates with isolated bindin. Several of these polysaccharides inhibit the agglutination of eggs by bindin particles. An egg surface polysaccharide was found to be the most potent inhibitor of bindin-mediated egg agglutination. Fucoidin, a sulfated fucose heteropolysaccharide, was the next most potent inhibitor, followed by the egg jelly fucan, a sulfated fucose homopolysaccharide, and xylan, a beta(1 leads to 4) linked xylose polysaccharide. A wide variety of other polysaccharides and glycoconjugates were found to have no effect on egg agglutination. We also report that isolated bindin has a soluble lectinlike activity which is assayed by agglutination of erythrocytes. The bindin lectin activity is inhibited by the same polysaccharides that inhibit egg agglutination by particulate bindin. This suggests that the egg adhesion activity of bindin is directly related to its lectin activity. We have established that fucoidin binds specifically to bindin particles with a high apparent affinity (Kd = 5.5 X 10(-8) M). The other polysaccharides that inhibit egg agglutination also inhibit the binding of 125I fucoidin to bindin particles, suggesting that they compete for the same site on bindin. The observation that polysaccharides of different composition and linkage type interact with bindin suggests that the critical structural features required for binding may reside at a higher level of organization. Together, these findings strengthen the hypothesis that sperm-egg adhesion in sea urchins is mediated by a lectin-polysaccharide type of interaction. PMID- 7119011 TI - pH changes in pinosomes and phagosomes in the ameba, Chaos carolinensis. AB - Changes in pH are measured in pinosomes and phagosomes of single specimens of the giant, free-living ameba, Chaos carolinensis. Measurements of pH are made microfluorometrically, as previously described (Heiple and Taylor. 1980. J. Cell Biol. 86:885-890.) by quantitation of fluorescence intensity ratios (Ex489nm,/Ex452nm, Em520-560nm from ingested fluorescein thiocarbamyl (FTC) ovalbumin. After 1 h of pinocytosis (induced in acid solution), FTC-ovalbumin is found in predominantly small ( less than or equal to 5 micrometers in diameter), acidic (pH less than or equal to 5.0-6.2) vesicles of various shape and density. As the length of ingestion time increases (up to 24 h), the probe is also found in vesicles of increasing size (up to 100 micrometers in diameter), increasing pH (up to pH approximately 8.0), and decreasing density. Co-localization of fluorescein and rhodamine fluorescence, after a pulse-chase with fluorescein- and rhodamine-labeled ovalbumin, suggests vesicle growth, in part, by fusion. The pH in a single phagosome is followed after ingestion of ciliates in neutral solutions of FTC-ovalbumin. A dramatic acidification (delta pH greater than or equal to - 2.0) begins within 5 min of phagosome formation and appears to be complete in approximately 20 min. Phagosomal pH then slowly recovers to more neutral values over the next 2 h. pH changes observed in more mature populations of pinosomes within a single cell may reflect those occurring within a single phagosome. Phagosomal and pinosomal pH changes may be required for lysosomal fusion and may be involved in regulation of lysosomal enzyme activity. PMID- 7119012 TI - Evidence for endogenous polypeptide-mediated inhibition of cell-cycle transit in human diploid cells. AB - Previous studies have shown that the senescent phenotype is dominant with respect to DNA synthesis in fusions between late passage and actively replicating human diploid fibroblasts. Brief postfusion treatments with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CHX) or puromycin have been found to significantly delay (by 24-48 h) the inhibition of entry into DNA synthesis of young nuclei in heterokaryons after fusion with senescent cells. A significant fraction of the senescent nuclei incorporated tritiated thymidine in CHX-treated heterokaryons. The optimal duration of exposure to CHX was 1-3 h immediately after fusion, although treatments beginning as late as 9 h after fusion elevated the heterokaryon labeling index. Prefusion treatments with CHX were without a significant effect. These results are consistent with the interpretation that regulatory cell cycle inhibitor(s) which are dependent upon protein synthesis may be present in heterokaryons between senescent and actively replicating cells. PMID- 7119013 TI - Studies on the assembly of large subunits of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase in isolated pea chloroplasts. AB - Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase consists of cytoplasmically synthesized "small" subunits and chloroplast-synthesized "large" subunits. Large subunits of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase synthesized in vivo or in organello can be recovered from intact chloroplasts in the form of two different complexes with sedimentation coefficients of 7S and 29S. About one-third to one-half of the large subunits synthesized in isolated chloroplasts are found in the 7S complex, the remainder being found in the 29S complex. Upon prolonged illumination of the chloroplasts, newly synthesized large subunits accumulate in the 18S ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase molecule and disappear from both the 7S and the 29S large subunit complexes. The 29S complex undergoes an in vitro dissociation reaction and is not as stable as ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase. The data indicate that (a) the 7S large subunit complex is a chloroplast product, the (b) the 29S large subunit complex is labeled in vivo, that (c) each of these two complexes can account quantitatively for all the large subunits assembled into RuBPCase in organello, and that (d) excess large subunits are degraded in chloroplasts. PMID- 7119014 TI - Three mutations in Zea mays affecting zein accumulation: a comparison of zein polypeptides, in vitro synthesis and processing, mRNA levels, and genomic organization. AB - We studied three mutations, opaque-2 (o2), opaque-7 (o7), and floury-2(fI2), each of which causes a depression in zein synthesis. We examined the processing efficiencies of the rough endoplasmic reticulum membranes in vitro, the levels of RNA transcription using cloned zein probes, and the genomic organization of the zein sequences as possible sites for the genetic defects. The results obtained indicate that the steps in prezein translation and processing occurring on the protein body membranes are not accountable for the lowered zein content in any of the mutations. The o2 mutation that typically shows a paucity of 22.5-kdalton zein polypeptides was found to have a concomitant reduction in a particular subgroup of mRNAs coding for this size class. Southern analyses suggest that the o2 mutation is not the result of a large deletion of tandem-linked zein genes. PMID- 7119015 TI - Mechanism of action of Acanthamoeba profilin: demonstration of actin species specificity and regulation by micromolar concentrations of MgCl2. AB - Acanthamoeba profilin strongly inhibits in a concentration-dependent fashion the rate and extent of Acanthamoeba actin polymerization in 50 mM KCl. The lag phase is prolonged indicating reduction in the rate of nucleus formation. The elongation rates at both the barbed and pointed ends of growing filaments are inhibited. At steady state, profilin increases the critical concentration for polymerization but has no effect on the reduced viscosity above the critical concentration. Addition of profilin to polymerized actin causes it to depolymerize until a new steady-state, dependent on profilin concentration, is achieved. These effects of profilin can be explained by the formation of a 1:1 complex with actin with a dissociation constant of 1 to 4 microM. MgCl2 strongly inhibits these effects of profilin, most likely by binding to the high-affinity divalent cation site on the actin. Acanthamoeba profilin has similar but weaker effects on muscle actin, requiring 5 to 10 times more profilin than with amoeba actin. PMID- 7119016 TI - Translational regulation of histone synthesis in the sea urchin strongylocentrotus purpuratus. AB - The pattern and schedule of histone synthesis in unfertilized eggs and early embryos of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus were studied using two dimensional gel electrophoresis. After fertilization there is an abrupt change in the pattern of histone variant synthesis. Although both cleavage-stage (CS) variants. However, after fertilization, both CS and alpha messages are translated. Since alpha histone mRNA isolated from unfertilized eggs can be translated in vitro, the synthesis of alpha histone subtypes appears to be under translational control. Although the synthesis of alpha subtypes is shown here to occur before the second S phase after fertilization, little or no alpha histone is incorporated into chromatin at this time. Thus, early chromatin is composed predominantly of CS variants probably recruited for the most part from the large pool of CS histones stored in the unfertilized egg. PMID- 7119017 TI - Phagosome-lysosome fusion inhibited by algal symbionts of Hydra viridis. AB - Certain species of Chlorella live within the digestive cells of the fresh water cnidarian Hydra viridis. When introduced into the hydra gut, these symbiotic algae are phagocytized by digestive cells but avoid host digestion and persist at relatively constant numbers within host cells. In contrast, heat-killed symbionts are rapidly degraded after phagocytosis. Live symbionts appear to persist because host lysosomes fail to fuse with phagosomes containing live symbionts. Neither acid phosphatase nor ferritin was delivered via lysosomes into phagosomes containing live symbionts, whereas these lysosomal markers were found in 50% of the vacuoles containing heat-killed symbionts 1 h after phagocytosis. Treatment of symbiotic algae before phagocytosis with polycationic polypeptides abolishes algal persistence and perturbs the ability of these algae to control the release of photosynthate in vitro. Similarly, inhibition of photosynthesis and hence of the release of photosynthetic products as a result of prolonged darkness and 3 (3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea (DCMU) treatment also abolishes persistence. Symbiotic algae are not only protected from host digestive attack but are also selectively transported within host cells, moving from the apical site of phagocytosis to a basal position of permanent residence. This process too is disrupted by polycationic polypeptides, DCMU and darkness. Both algal persistence and transport may, therefore, be a function of the release of products from living, photosynthesizing symbionts. Vinblastine treatment of host animals blocked the movement of algae within host cells but did not perturb algal persistence: algal persistence and the transport of algae may be initiated by the same signal, but they are not interdependent processes. PMID- 7119018 TI - Septate junctions in imaginal disks of Drosophila: a model for the redistribution of septa during cell rearrangement. AB - The organization of septate junctions during morphogenesis of imaginal disks is described from freeze-fracture replicas and thin sections with a view to understanding junction modulation during rearrangements of cells in epithelia. The septate junctions of each epithelial cell of the disk are distributed in a number of discrete domains equal to the number of neighboring cells. Individual septa traverse domains of contact between pairs of adjacent cells, turn downwards at the lateral boundary of the domain and run parallel to the intersection with a third cell. This arrangement leaves small channels at three-cell intersections that are occupied by specialized structures termed "tricellular plugs." Cell rearrangement involves a progressive change in the width of contact domains between adjacent cells, until old contacts are broken and new ones established. It is proposed that the septate junction adjusts to the changing width of domains by the compaction or extension of existing septa. This redistribution of septa theoretically allows a transepithelial barrier to be maintained during cell rearrangements. The applicability of this model to other epithelial tissues is discussed. PMID- 7119019 TI - Commitment and proliferation kinetics of human lymphocytes stimulated in vitro: effects of colchicine on mitogen response. AB - We have examined the effects of colchicine on concanavalin A (Con A)-and phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes and from the time course of proliferation have extracted the relative size of the responding cell population, the rate of entry of this population into S-phase, and the length of the lag period. Additions of colchicine at any time did not appear to influence the size of the responding population nor did it greatly affect the duration of the lag period. Only the rate at which the cell population enters initial S-phase is a function of the time of previous exposure to colchicine. Colchicine does not appear to inhibit the commitment of stimulated lymphocytes to enter the cell cycle. Rather, it merely serves to decrease the biochemical processes responsible for fixing a maximal rate of entry into S phase. PMID- 7119023 TI - Regulation of amino acid transport in L6 muscle cells: I. Stimulation of transport system A by amino acid deprivation. PMID- 7119020 TI - Characterization of neutral amino acid uptake by cultured epithelial cells from pig kidney. AB - Two transport systems for neutral amino acids have been characterised in LLC-PK, cells. The first, which transports alanine in a sodium-dependent manner, also mediates alanine exchange and is perferentially inhibited by serine, cysteine, and alpha-amino-n-butyric acid. This system resembles the ASC system in Ehrlich ascites and some other cell types. There is only a small contribution of other systems to alanine uptake. The second, which transports leucine with no requirement for sodium and mediates leucine exchange, is blocked by 2 aminonorbornane-2-carboxylic acid and hydrophobic amino acids. This system is similar to the L system described in other cell types. LLC-PK1 cells retain several other features implying renal proximal tubule origin; our results thus suggest that these transport systems may be involved in the reabsorption of neutral amino acids by the nephron in vivo. PMID- 7119021 TI - The role of vitamin E in cellular energy metabolism in cultured adrenocortical cells. PMID- 7119024 TI - Effect of cocultivation on the levels of spontaneous and induced sister chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster cells. AB - The level of sister chromatid exchanges, both spontaneous and induced by UV light or ethylmethanesulphonate (EMS), in Chinese hamster V79/AP4 cell line, is partially reduced upon cocultivation with human cells. Normal and xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) cells are equally effective. On the basis of these observations, cocultivation may represent a good tool for investigating the SCE's formation processes. PMID- 7119022 TI - Effects of cyclophosphamide on murine bone marrow and splenic megakaryocyte-CFC, granulocyte-macrophage-CFC, and peripheral blood cell levels. AB - The effect of cyclophosphamide (CY) on megakaryocytopoiesis in mice was examined with assays of megakaryocyte colony-forming cells (Meg-CFC) in bone marrow and spleen and simultaneous determinations of peripheral blood counts, after a single intraperitoneal dose (200 mg/kg) of CY. Significant rebound thrombocytosis (170% of normal) occurred at day 11 after injection with CY, although only modest preceding thrombocytopenia (70% of normal) was observed. After an initial 3-5 day period of suppression, total megakaryocyte colony-forming cells (Meg-CFC) in both bone marrow and spleen of CY-treated mice demonstrated rebound increases at 5 and 7 days, respectively, after administration of the drug. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (GM-CFC) exhibited alterations which were similar to those of Meg-CFC, suggesting similar sensitivities of Meg-CFC and GM-CFC to CY. The increase in Meg-CFC in both bone marrow and spleen preceded development of thrombocytosis by 4-6 days. This suggests that increased platelet counts in CY treated mice are attributable, at least in part, to alterations in feedback mechanisms which control megakaryocytopoiesis, with resultant stimulation of the megakaryocyte progenitor compartment. PMID- 7119025 TI - Fibronectin inhibits morphological changes in cultures of vascular smooth muscle cells. AB - In culture, vascular smooth muscle cells proliferate until they form a confluent sheet of cells. At that time the morphology of the culture becomes altered and the cells form multilayered regions that eventually develop into nodular aggregations. We now demonstrate that the transition from monolayer culture to nodular culture is influenced by the presence of components in conditioned media. The development of nodules is enhanced by conditioned medium made from nodular cultures but is either inhibited or unaffected by monolayer culture-conditioned medium. Examination of the two types of conditioned media using NaDodSO4- polyacrylamide gels reveals many similarities and one major difference. Nodular conditioned medium contains a prominent 42 kilodalton polypeptide which is not present in monolayer-conditioned medium. Further, we demonstrate that although both nodular and monolayer cultures produce fibronectin the transition to nodular culture does not occur in the presence of exogeneously added plasma fibronectin. PMID- 7119026 TI - Thrombin-mediated mitogenesis: the role of secreted protease nexin. PMID- 7119027 TI - The use of fluorescent dyes to measure membrane potentials: a critique. AB - Under controlled conditions, fluorescent cyanine dyes can be used to measure membrane potentials of cell suspensions. Similar changes in membrane potential can be followed both with fluorescent dyes and electrophysiological probes in response to changes in the ion composition of the medium. Recent reports that attempt to abrogate the use of the cyanine dyes in measurements of the membrane potential are misleading. PMID- 7119028 TI - [Therapeutic problems in cancer of the liver. Significance of the vascular quotient]. AB - The therapeutic problems investigated are orientated on the good results obtained by certain hepatic resections. The reasons for their success is discussed from the point of view of the patient's state of immunity, the technic employed, and the characteristics of the tumor. Under characteristics of the tumor are discussed : biologic reactions, anatomic and histologic aspects, and especially the vascular quotient which, studied entirely from the experimental point of view, includes the arterial, venous and lymphatic aspects for each variety of cancer. These findings can be classified and compared with the results obtained. This retrospective study opens the way for a prospective classification aimed at confirming the therapeutic views. A principle preoccupation is the detection of cases with only local involvement where cure is possible, while therapeutic trials for lesions with regional extension are to be tested. PMID- 7119029 TI - [Results of resection in cancers of the pancreatic head]. AB - 50 patients with a carcinoma of the head of the pancreas have been treated wether by duodenopancreatectomy (38 cases) or by total pancreatectomy (12 cases). Post operative mortality was 23.6% and 25%, mean survival 18 months and 9 months. Analyzing these results reviewing the literature the authors conclude that in limited tumors resection is preferable to palliative surgery. The choice between duodeno pancreatectomy and total pancreatectomy remains difficult and it will only be analysis of more extensive series which might give the answer. PMID- 7119031 TI - [Arteriovenous fistulae for chronic haemodialysis. Report on 400 patients]. AB - The authors report their experience of 551 arteriovenous fistulae created in 400 patients undergoing haemodialysis for chronic renal failure. The mean follow-up period was 34 months. Eighteen cases of primary thrombosis (7%) and 11 cases of secondary thrombosis (4%) were observed. There were 7 cases of local sepsis, one of these fatal, and 7 cases of systemic infection, also with one death. The authors conclude that the Cimino-Brescia fistula is superior to any other type of vascular approach in patients with chronic renal failure. They reserve vascular grafts to those cases where no other procedure is possible. PMID- 7119030 TI - [Clipping for prophylactic partial occlusion of the inferior vena cava]. AB - The partial occlusion of the inferior vena cava in the prevention of fatal pulmonary embolism has been used for years in different ways. Over a period of one, and a half year, we put 11 clips of Miles, once for prophylaxis and 10 times after pulmonary embolism. Two patients died during the first 15 postoperative days. Seven patients had a phlebologic control by a Doppler ultrasound, venous plethysmography, isotopic cavography, and grey scale ultrasound. It has been proved that the inferior vena cava was permeable in 6 of the 7 controlled patients. The indications as well as the late results of these operations are discussed. PMID- 7119033 TI - [Migration of the Kimray-Greenfield filter when inserting it]. AB - Authors have reported a case of the migration of the Kimray-Greenfield filter to the right ventricle immediately after its release in the inferior vena cava. The delay in the spreading out of the filter seems to have been caused by its insertion into a coagulum formed in the socket guiding in through. This incident often encountered in pulmonary thromboembolism and caused by blood hypercoagulability, justifies higher precautions when inserting the filter. PMID- 7119032 TI - [Isotopic phlebography for control of venous surgery of the lower limb]. AB - Isotopic phlebography with microspheres containing 99 mTc aggregated human albumin is a simple and easily reproducible means of controlling the results of venous surgery of the lower limb and ilio-caval confluent. A comparison in 34 cases with the results obtained by conventional contrast phlebography showed close correlation between the two methods. However, since the images are not as sharp as with contrast phlebography, isotopic phlebography cannot be used for planning procedures prior to reconstructive venous surgery and should be reserved to post-operative control. PMID- 7119034 TI - [Glutaraldehyde - fixed human umbilical cord vein as a small diameter arterial substitute. Experimentation on the monkey]. AB - Autologous saphenous veins, the preferred substitute material for aorto-coronary, femoro-popliteal and femoro-tibial by-pass, are usable in only 70% of individuals in need of such procedures. The development of small diameter substitute arteries is therefore essential to broaden the pool of patients who could benefit from this class of cardiovascular surgery. Existing substitutes, however, present major difficulties and have had limited success. In this laboratory, an attempt has been made to develop a vessel of 3 millimetres or less in diameter derived from human umbilical cord processed in glutaraldehyde. This substitute can be stored in 45% ethanol or dessicated by critical point drying. This device had been implanted as a segment of abdominal aorta in eight primates (Macaca fascicularis). Preliminary results are disappointing. The indicate that retention of a patency for more than a year post-implantation is difficultly achievable and that connective tissue hyperplasia leading to occlusion at the anastomoses is a major problem. Similar but larger diameter by-passes in the order of 6-8 millimetres should be investigated in greater detail, in order to better establish the "in-vivo" behavior of this class of tissue prosthesis. This would address the more fundamental issues pertaining to the clinical usefulness of fixed biological tissue by-pass devices. PMID- 7119037 TI - Words and plans: early language and the development of intelligent action. PMID- 7119036 TI - Cross-linguistic perception in infancy: early effects of linguistic experience. PMID- 7119035 TI - [Occlusion of the common femoral artery by traumatic disjunction of the pubic bones. A case of late diagnois]. AB - A case of tight but limited stenosis of the common femoral artery resulting from traumatic injury to the pelvis with disjunction of the pubic bones is reported. The lesion was initially overlooked and was only diagnosed 13 year later. Repair consisted of limited resection of the occluded arterial segment which was replaced by a Dacron graft. Such lesions of the external iliac/common femoral arteries appear to be rarely associated with traumas of the pelvis. In this particular case, the artery had probably been sheared by the iliopubic tract. PMID- 7119039 TI - Mother conversational behaviour as a function of interactional intent. PMID- 7119038 TI - Do children pick and choose? An examination of phonological selection and avoidance in early lexical acquisition. PMID- 7119040 TI - If I were you and you were me: the analysis of pronouns in a pronoun-reversing child. PMID- 7119041 TI - Children's comprehension of 'before' and 'after' reinvestigated. PMID- 7119042 TI - A morphemic measure of early language development: data from modern Hebrew. PMID- 7119043 TI - Pragmatic factors in children's phrasal coordination. PMID- 7119044 TI - More questions than answers: a study of question-answer sequences in a naturalistic setting. PMID- 7119046 TI - Talking backward: exceptional speech play in late childhood. PMID- 7119045 TI - The pragmatics of subordinating conjunctions: a second look. PMID- 7119048 TI - Babbling and the deaf child: a commentary on Lenneberg et al. (1965) and Lenneberg (1967). PMID- 7119047 TI - Adapting syntax in writing to varying audiences as a function of age and social cognitive ability. PMID- 7119049 TI - The pig dialogue: phonological systems in transition. PMID- 7119050 TI - Explicating the conceptual basis of language. PMID- 7119052 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic assay of methotrexate, 7 hydroxymethortrexate, 4-deoxy-4-amino-N10-methylpteroic acid and sulfamethoxazole in serum, urine and cerebrospinal fluid. AB - An automated high-performance liquid chromatographic system is described for separation and quantitation of the antineoplastic drug methotrexate and metabolites, and the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole in body fluids. The 40-min analysis utilizes a reversed-phase C18 column and gradient elution with detection by absorbance of ultraviolet light at 308 nm. The minimum detectable quantities with this assay are: methotrexate 4.4 ng (9.8 X 10(-12) mole); 4-deoxy-4-amino N10-methylpteroic acid 11.9 ng (3.7 X 10(-11) mole); 7-hydroxymethotrexate 30 ng (6.5 X 10(-11) mole); sulfamethoxazole 125 ng (4.9 X 10(-10) mole). This analytical method should prove useful for therapeutic monitoring and pharmacokinetic studies of these compounds. PMID- 7119051 TI - Anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography of human serum apolipoproteins. AB - The rapid separation of seven urea-soluble apolipoprotein species from delipidated human serum very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL) has been achieved by high-performance liquid chromatography on an anion-exchange column of Syn-Chropak AX 300. Effluent chromatographic peaks were detected by absorbance at 280 nm in a flow-through cell. Peaks corresponding to apolipoproteins AI1, AI2, AII, CI, CII, CIII1, and CIII2 were identified by amino acid analysis, gel electrophoresis, and isoelectric focusing. Maximum efficient loading of semipreparative columns (250 X 9.0 mm) was established to be ca. 20 mg HDL apolipoprotein. Minimum detectable protein was shown to be ca. 1 microgram on an analytical-scale column (300 X 4.5 mm). Chromatographic resolution is comparable to that of conventional DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The ratio of apoAI1 to apoAI2 was considerably greater in high performance liquid chromatography, suggesting that the variants seen in conventional chromatography and isoelectric focusing are in part artifactual. PMID- 7119054 TI - Method for the simplified analysis of deproteinized plasma and urinary isoproterenol by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7119053 TI - Determination of tripamide and its metabolites in plasma, red blood cells and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A procedure for the determination of tripamide and its hydroxylated metabolites in plasma, red blood cells and urine by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography is described. The concentrations in red blood cells showed a monophasic decline and the half-life was 9.5 h. The concentration in red blood cells was markedly higher than that in plasma, showing that 95-98% of the drug is present in whole blood, after a dose of tripamide (90 mg) in man. The specificity and sensitivity of this procedure appear to be satisfactory for pharmacokinetic studies. PMID- 7119055 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of human serum lipoproteins. Selective detection of choline-containing phospholipids by enzymatic reaction. AB - A convenient method for the quantitation of choline-containing phospholipids in each lipoprotein fraction has been developed by combining separation by high performance liquid chromatography with gel permeation columns and selective detection by enzymatic reaction in the post-column effluent. The elution patterns monitored by choline-containing phospholipids were compared with those monitored by cholesterol. The elution patterns of choline-containing phospholipids were found to give much more information about the distribution of lipoproteins according to their particle-size differentiation than analyses done by cholesterol. This choline-containing phospholipid monitoring method not only resolves lipoprotein peaks of the major classes (chylomicron + VLDL, LDL, HDL2 and HDL3) quantitatively, but also detects the presence of abnormal lipoproteins containing a large amount of choline-containing phospholipids. We could detect these abnormal lipoproteins using a small amount of whole serum (10-20 microliter) from patients with various liver diseases. Our examination of HDL subclasses using this technique showed that the HDL fraction was composed of several subfractions due to their particle-size differentiation. PMID- 7119056 TI - Determination of ellipticine in biological samples by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - Ellipticine, a plant alkaloid effective against murine leukemias and solid tumors, is presently undergoing toxicological assessment prior to clinical trial. A rapid, sensitive, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method employing an internal standard was developed for the detection of ellipticine and its principal metabolite 9-hydroxyellipticine after extraction from biological samples. The method was successfully applied to the quantitation of ellipticine in mouse blood and tissues after intravenous administration of ellipticine and to mouse blood levels of drug after oral administration. Similar success was achieved in determinations of ellipticine and 9-hydroxyellipticine in samples of spiked human blood and plasma. Mouse blood ellipticine levels monitored over 3 h after the intravenous administration of drug demonstrated a biphasic decline with a terminal half-life of 52 min. PMID- 7119057 TI - Determination of amikacin in microlitre quantities of biological fluids by high performance liquid chromatography using 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene derivatization. AB - Pre-column derivatization of amikacin with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in 25 microliter of guinea pig plasma or human serum produced a stable chromophore which was measured by UV detection after rapid separation on normal-phase or reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography systems. The reversed-phase system, selected for routine analysis due to instability of the normal-phase column, consisted of an Ultrasphere-ODS C18 column preceded by a guard column, and used acetonitrile--water (68:32) as the mobile phase. A high degree of linearity was found in the range of 2-64 microgram/ml with a coefficient of variation averaging less than 5%. PMID- 7119058 TI - Separation of indole metabolites from urine with an ODS type resin by high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7119061 TI - Determination of tolazoline in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7119060 TI - Determination of levorphanol (Levo-Dromoran) in human plasma by combined gas chromatography--negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. PMID- 7119059 TI - Analytical electrophoretic separation of undelipidated rat plasma apolipoproteins. PMID- 7119062 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of dipyridamole. PMID- 7119063 TI - Simple and fast solvent extraction system for selective and quantitative isolation of adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine from plasma and urine. AB - A very simple solvent extraction system for the selective and quantitative isolation of adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine from plasma and urine is described. The extraction system makes use of the complex formation, in alkaline medium, between diphenylborate and the diol group in the catecholamines in combination with ion-pair formation. The influence of various parameters on the distribution coefficient was investigated by analysis of the liquid phases by high-performance liquid chromatography with electro-chemical detection. From these results the optimal extraction conditions can be selected. With hexane + 1% n-octanol containing 0.25% (w/v) of tetraoctylammonium bromide as extraction solvent, the catecholamines can be quantitatively isolated from plasma and urine at pH 8.6 in the presence of 0.1% (w/v) of diphenylborate. For urine the recovery was 101.5 + 1.9% for adrenaline, 100.6 +/- 2.0% for noradrenaline and 99.9 +/- 1.5% for dopamine. For plasma the recoveries were, respectively, 101.8 +/- 3.3%, 100.5 +/- 2.6% and 92.9 +/- 3.5%. The recovery of dihydroxybenzylamine, included in the study as internal standard, was determined to be 96.3 +/- 1.6% for urine and 89.9 +/- 2.7% for plasma. The applicability of the developed extraction system as clean-up and concentration step for the analysis of catecholamines in plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection is demonstrated. PMID- 7119064 TI - Routine determination of plasma catecholamines using reversed-phase, ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. AB - A procedure is described for the determination of plasma catecholamines using reversed-phase, ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical detection. Optimisation of chromatographic conditions with respect to detector performance and adherence to procedures and precautions described, render the method applicable to both neurochemical research and routine clinical analysis. The limit of quantitative detection of the method was found to be approximately 30 pg per injection for individual catecholamines. A single chromatographic run, providing adequate resolution of each component, could be completed in approximately 12 min. PMID- 7119065 TI - Analyses of nicotine and cotinine in tissues by capillary gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. AB - Selective extraction and chromatographic techniques have been developed to measure low nanogram quantities of nicotine and cotinine in tissues. Analyses were performed by capillary column gas chromatography with a specific nitrogen phosphorus detector and by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. With close structural analogues for internal standards, high quantitative accuracy and precision were demonstrated for the range 5-1000 ng per g of tissue. The sensitivity limit was 2-3 ng/g for both compounds. The advantage of these techniques compared to previously published methods is increased selectivity; the other methods were developed for analysis of biological fluids and are not readily adaptable to more complex biological matrices such as tissue homogenates. With the newly developed techniques, we were able to perform a pharmacokinetic study of nicotine and cotinine in mouse liver following a single intraperitoneal injection of nicotine. PMID- 7119066 TI - Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of lidocaine in cat plasma using mepivacaine as internal standard. PMID- 7119068 TI - Determination of the anticoagulant phenprocoumon in human plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - The determination of the anticoagulant phenprocoumon in plasma, after acidification and extraction with 1,2-dichloroethane was effected through isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography; a C18 reversed-phase column was used as stationary phase using aqueous acetonitrile as eluent and UV detection at 313 nm; p-chlorophenprocoumon was used as internal standard. A high proportion of phenprocoumon in urine is eliminated as the glucuronide and must be hydrolyzed enzymatically before extraction; the same column and detector as for plasma were used, but with gradient elution. The method was used in the range 0.1-5 mg/1, the sensitivity was 0.1 mg/1 for plasma and 0.02 mg/1 for urine, the precision was in the range 3-5% and the absence of interference due to other anticoagulants, drugs or endogenous compounds allows the specific determination of phenprocoumon in plasma and urine from patients and volunteers in clinical relevant cases, drug interaction, compliance, toxicological and pharmacokinetic studies. PMID- 7119067 TI - Improved high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for theophylline in plasma and saliva in the presence of caffeine and its metabolites and comparisons with three other assays. PMID- 7119069 TI - Separation of morpholine and some of its metabolites by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7119070 TI - Separation of 5 alpha-reduced androgens by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7119071 TI - Hydrophobic interaction chromatography of serum proteins on phenyl-sepharose CL 4B. PMID- 7119072 TI - Separation of single-stranded from double-stranded nucleic acids using acriflavin agarose chromatography. PMID- 7119073 TI - Gas chromatographic determination of butazolidin (phenylbutazone) in biological fluids. PMID- 7119074 TI - A rapid sensitive determination of carprofen and zomepirac using thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography--mass spectrometry. PMID- 7119075 TI - Chromatographic separation and quantitative determination of the metabolites of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate from urine of laboratory animals. AB - Free, glycine-conjugated, and glucuronide-conjugated metabolites of di-(2 ethylhexyl) phthalate may be stripped from urine with XAD-2 resin, derivatized, and quantitatively analyzed by liquid chromatography on a nitrile column with UV and/or radioactivity monitors. One class of metabolites requires reversed-phase chromatography or gas-liquid chromatography for its resolution. Relative molar responses of the hydrogen flame-ionization detector to these metabolites have been determined. Packed gas chromatography columns (OV-3, OV-210, cyclohexanedimethanol succinate) and fused-silica capillary columns (SP2100 and FFAP) are useful for quantitative analysis under appropriate conditions. The simplest gas chromatographic procedure permitting complete quantitative analysis requires hydrolysis of conjugates, formation of methyl esters of carboxyl groups, butyration of hydroxyl groups and chromatography on OV-3. Typical distributions of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites in urine from mice, hamsters, and guinea pigs are presented. PMID- 7119077 TI - Hypertension and alcohol: is ther a link? PMID- 7119076 TI - Quantitation of 1,1- and 1,2-dichloroethylene in body tissues by purge-and-trap gas chromatography. AB - A sensitive and accurate method for extraction and quantitation of volatile halocarbons, i.e., 1,1- and 1,2-dichloroethylene (DCE), from body tissues has been developed. The organic volatiles were thermally desorbed from tissues contained within a Tekmar purge device, which was immersed in a stirred water bath at 60 degrees C. In order to avoid foaming, the stream of purging gas (helium) was applied 2 mm above, rather than below the sample surface in the purging device. The purged 1,1- and 1,2-DCE were retained on Tenax-GC (80-100 mesh), then desorbed by heating and vented into a Tracor 560 gas chromatograph. The detection limit of the Hall electrolytic conductivity detector operated in the halogen mode was 50 pg. Recoveries of 1,1- and 1,2-DCE from various animal tissues spiked in vitro were greater than 50%. This purge-and-trap technique appears well suited for studies of the uptake and disposition of volatile organics in body tissues. PMID- 7119078 TI - Pitfalls in the serial assessment of cardiac functional status. How a reduction in "ordinary" activity may reduce the apparent degree of cardiac compromise and give a misleading impression of improvement. AB - Because the New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification system categorizes patients based on subjective impression of the degree of functional compromise, a reduction in exercise might make a patient seem improved because the new lower level of ordinary activity produced fewer symptoms. To test this hypothesis, we studied three different sets of patients and compared their NYHA classes to their functional classes as determined by a new Specific Activity Scale (SAS) that is based on the metabolic equivalents of oxygen consumption required for activities the patient actually performs. Among ambulatory patients referred for exercise tests, the NYHA class was higher (i.e. indicated the patient was more limited) in 28% of patients and the SAS class was higher in 14% (p less than 0.001). Among patients interviewed at or near the time of catheterization for chest pain, the NYHA was higher in 20% and the SAS class was higher in 20% (p = NS). In both medically and surgically treated patients interviewed 1--3 yr after cardiac catheterization, the NYHA class was higher in only 4%, whereas the SAS class was higher in 28% (p less than 0.001). The SAS class was significantly more likely to be higher in patients who were not working full time and in patients who described their present activity level as sedentary or light. When the NYHA and SAS systems disagreed as to whether a patient was improved, SAS was significantly more likely to correlate with the patient's self-assessment. These findings suggest that some patients restrict their activity as their cardiac disease progresses; the resultant change in the definition of ordinary activity may reduce the apparent degree of cardiac compromise and thus give a false impression of improvement by NYHA criteria. PMID- 7119079 TI - Changes in smoking habits and body weight after a three-year period--the cardiovascular disease study in Finnmark. AB - Smoking habits and body weight were registered on two occasions 3 yr apart in the county of Finnmark in 12,329 persons aged 20-49 yr. Among quitters, there was a mean weight increase of 2.7 kg for females and 3.6 kg for males; while among starters, there was a mean weight decrease of 0.9 for females and 2.5 for males. Mean weight continued to increase for at least up to 1 yr after quitting. A dose response relationship was established between number of cigarettes smoked prior to quitting and weight gain. Females starting to smoke cigarettes reduced weight in proportion to daily cigarette consumption. There were no changes of clinical significance in main cardiovascular diseases risk factors with changes in cigarette consumption (and weight). PMID- 7119080 TI - Bacterial infections in a hospital-based skilled nursing facility. AB - The incidence of bacterial infections occurring in 132 residents in a Veterans Administration hospital-based nursing home care unit (VA NHCU) was studied retrospectively over a 1 yr period. There were a total of 35 non-Foley-catheter related bacterial infections documented during this time, occurring in 21 residents. Of these infections, 14 were pulmonary, 18 urinary and 3 of the integument. Of the 23 residents having indwelling urinary catheters, 47.8% became clinically symptomatic due to a urinary infection at least one time during the year. Thirty-six per cent of these infections were due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 48% were due to E. coli and Proteus mirabilis. Eighteen of 23 residents (78.3%) with Foley catheters had more than one predominant organism cultured from their urine during the year, making the practice of monthly cultures not very useful in considering treatment. If one grouped all urinary tract infections on the NHCU, the major pathogens were Pseudomonas (19.5%), Klebsiella (17.1%). Proteus (17.1%) and E. coli (14.6%). Documented pulmonary infections were predominantly due to Streptococcus pneumonia (50.0%) and Hemophilus influenza (35.7%). Our data suggest that the location of the institutional setting must be considered in caring for the elderly resident in a skilled nursing facility. Future plans to establish hospital based nursing home units must consider the benefits resulting from easy access to acute health care and educational programs against problems of hospital bacterial flora. PMID- 7119081 TI - The epidemiology of physical activity in children, college students, middle-aged men, menopausal females and monkeys. AB - Although the inverse relationship between physical activity and coronary heart disease (CHD) has been well documented, little is known concerning the epidemiology of physical activity. A primary reason for the lack of knowledge has been a problem of quantification of physical activity. We have employed the Large Scale-Integrated (LSI)Activity Monitor in five diverse populations to measure individual physical activity levels. The results indicated that the instrument can accurately index individual physical activity levels, as well as to provide important information concerning the epidemiology of physical activity. PMID- 7119082 TI - A methodologic study of post-marketing drug evaluation using a pharmacy-based approach. AB - There has been an increasing interest in monitoring medications in their customary use after they are marketed. A variety of approaches have been discussed. This study was undertaken to test the feasibility of assembling a cohort of patients receiving target medications through the pharmacist and following the patients for their health course over a period of one month. The class of drugs chosen with oral antibacterials. The logic and strategy of this approach as a model is presented along with the methods and the results. PMID- 7119083 TI - Familial hyperaldosteronism, not suppressed by dexamethasone. PMID- 7119084 TI - Estrogen synthesis in normal and malignant human endometrium. AB - The ability of human endometrium to synthesize estrogen from testosterone (T) was investigated. Normal and malignant endometrial specimens were incubated in a complete nutrient medium with 1 muC/ml (approximately 10 pmol/ml) of [3H]T for 20 hrs. Various estrogens: estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), estrone sulfate (E1S), and estradiol-3-sulfate (E2S) were isolated from cultured tissue and medium. The capacity of aromatization, expressed in pmol of estrogen formed/g of tissue, of proliferative endometria was found to be significantly higher than that of secretory endometria (prol. n=12, 0.53 +/- 0.21, vs sec. n=13, 0.15 +/- 0.09, mean +/- s.d., P less than 0.005). In nine cancer endometrial specimens studied, the estrogen produced varied from 0.3 to 15 pmol/g of tissue. These studies represent the first evidence that human endometrium is capable of synthesizing estrogens from delta 4 androgens at a concentration similar to plasma level. The changes of the capacity of aromatization during the two phases of the menstrual cycle indicate that the estrogen synthesis in endometrium is apparently regulated by hormones. The presence of aromatase in cancer endometria may play an important role in promoting the cell growth in estrogen sensitive endometrial cancer. PMID- 7119085 TI - The effect of metoclopramide and dopamine on plasma aldosterone concentration in normal man and rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta): a new model to study dopamine control of aldosterone secretion. AB - Metoclopramide, a dopamine receptor antagonist, increases plasma aldosterone concentration in man, suggesting that dopamine regulates the secretion of aldosterone. In the current study, we administered metoclopramide to rhesus monkeys and normal subjects and compared the time-course and dose-response characteristics of plasma aldosterone. We also examined the effect of dopamine on the plasma aldosterone response to metoclopramide in both species. Six male rhesus monkeys and several normal subjects (five women and two men) were studied on diets providing an estimated daily sodium intake of 70 mg/kg. In both species the peak increase in plasma aldosterone occurred 15 min after metoclopramide was injected. The peak plasma aldosterone value was 3-fold higher than control values. There were no significant changes in PRA, cortisol or potassium, whereas plasma PRL increased 7-fold in the monkeys and 11-fold in the normal subjects. After 0.04 mg/kg metoclopramide, there was no change in plasma aldosterone concentration in the monkeys, whereas aldosterone increased significantly (delta = 3.7 +/- 0.68 ng/dl) in the human subjects. The half-maximal dose of metoclopramide was also higher in the monkeys than in the normal subjects. A dopamine infusion at 4.0 to 8.0 micrograms/kg . min partially suppressed the plasma aldosterone response to metoclopramide in both the human subjects and the monkeys. This study demonstrates that metoclopramide produces dose-related increases in plasma aldosterone concentration in the nonhuman primate that are similar to those in normal man and that the increases can be inhibited by dopamine. We conclude that aldosterone secretion may be under dopamine control and that the rhesus monkey should be an excellent model in which to study further the regulation of aldosterone by dopamine. PMID- 7119086 TI - Effects of "jet lag" on hormonal patterns. III. Demonstration of an intrinsic circadian rhythmicity in plasma prolactin. PMID- 7119087 TI - Glucocorticoid binding by human fetal membranes at term. AB - Cytosol preparations in Tris-buffer of human term amnion, choriodecidua, and decidua were incubated with [3H]dexamethasone for up to 24 h at 0 C. Under these conditions the specific binding of [3H]dexamethasone was low, ranging from 3-13 fmol/mg protein. Furthermore, when samples of whole choriodecidual homogenate were incubated with [3H]dexamethasone for 1 h at 37 C, there was no significant nuclear translocation of the steroid. In contrast to these findings, when cytosol preparations of sheep fetal lung were incubated with [3H]dexamethasone at 0 C, there was a rapid uptake of the steroid, reaching specific binding values of 399 +/- 81 fmol/mg protein. The inclusion of sodium molybdate in the homogenization buffer led to an increased uptake of [3H]dexamethasone by amnion and choriodecidua; the specific binding ranged from 9-25 fmol/mg protein for cytosol and was 8 fmol/mg protein for nuclear preparations. Scatchard plot analysis of the data showed that both amnion and choriodecidua possess high affinity (Kd = 5 10 nM), low capacity (50-170 pM) binding sites for [3H]dexamethasone. These findings suggest that the human fetal membranes at term contain specific glucocorticoid receptors, although in low concentrations compared to other glucocorticoid target tissues. PMID- 7119088 TI - The pathogenesis of "hot" and "cold" follicles in multinodular goiters. AB - The prominent characteristics of euthyroid and hyperthyroid human nodular goiters are the regional variability of iodine metabolism and the appearance of "hot" autonomous follicles. No explanation for the pathogenesis of the interfollicular heterogeneity of iodine turnover has yet been offered. We have investigated whether the recently demonstrated polyclonality of normal follicular epithelia could possibly be related to goiter heterogeneity. The present work demonstrates, by means of autoradiographic and histological techniques, that single cells or tiny cell families with widely differing metabolic properties are normally present within single mouse, rat, and human thyroid follicles. In animals, intercellular heterogeneity is demonstrated in respect to 1) iodinating capacity, 2) peroxidase content, 3) endocytotic response to TSH, and 4) proneness to replicate. Moreover, [3H] thymidine labeling of stimulated mice thyroids reveals that mitotic cells are not randomly distributed; some follicles contain large colonies of rapidly replicating cells, and these clonogenic cells give rise to new follicles. Since simple goiter formation invariably implies replication of normal thyroid follicles, we conclude that the large differences in iodine turnover among the follicles of simple goiters are a consequence of the generation of new, metabolically heterogeneous follicles from genetically distinct cell clusters existing with the epithelia of all normal mother follicles. PMID- 7119089 TI - Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity to allogeneic but not autologous erythroblasts in vitro. AB - Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) is a very sensitive mechanism for immune injury of target cells, which utilizes extremely low concentrations of antibody. We have developed a method for demonstrating this type of cytotoxicity to normal human erythroblasts. The latter were enriched 3- to 4-fold and were then labeled with 59Fe. Blood lymphocytes from the same donor were enriched to 93% and were added as effector cells at a 60:1 ratio to the target cells. After 4 hr at 37 degrees C, as 5- to 10-fold increase in the release of 59Fe occurred when the plasma or IgG from patients with pure red-cell aplasia was present. This activity was not present when the effector cells were absent. However, this activity was found in the remission plasmas of patients and was not found when autologous erythroblasts were used. These studies demonstrate a method for detecting ADCC to allogeneic normal human erythroblasts. This ADCC does not appear to be related to the disease since a similar autoimmune activity to the patients' own erythroid cells was not detected. Further studies are suggested using other effector cells in this system. PMID- 7119091 TI - Craniofacial developmental biology upon the horizon. PMID- 7119092 TI - Craniofacial development in the absence of muscle contraction. AB - The muscular dysgenesis (mdg) mutation in mice causes developmental arrest of myogenesis at the myotube stage. Stained and cleared skeletal preparations and histological sections of the heads of mdg/mdg and normal mouse fetuses were compared in order to determine the effects of the mutation on craniofacial morphology. Muscles of mastication were more severely affected than tongue muscles. Mutant crania had more domed vaults and slender zygomatic arches that were displaced dorsally. The posterior part of the dysgenic mandible was bent dorsally and compressed dorsoventrally. These shape changes may be the distorting effects of persistent cervical kyphosis. Measurements of camera lucida tracings indicated that the lengths of the total mandible, the angular cartilage and process, and the condylar cartilage and process were similar between mutant and control mice. However, the widths of the condylar and angular cartilages were greatly decreased in the mutants. Moreover, the cartilages of dysgenic mice showed no size increase between 18 and 20 days of gestation. The diminished cartilages presumably result from the absence of mechanical loading from prenatal muscle function. For both condylar and angular cartilages, normal muscle activity should produce compression along the long axis of the cartilage and bending/shearing perpendicular to the long axis. It is argued that these forces are more important in promoting growth in cartilage width than length, accounting for the selective reduction of widths in the dysgenic mutant. PMID- 7119090 TI - Phagocyte chemotaxis in the perinatal period. AB - Cross-sectional and limited sequential studies of neutrophil and monocyte chemotaxis were done using cells isolated from cord blood and peripheral blood of 2- to 6-day-old neonates and infants at 4 and 6 months of age. These studies show that cord blood phagocyte chemotaxis is comparable to adult values, whereas phagocyte chemotaxis at 2-6 days of age is significantly lower than adult (P less than 0.01) or cord (P less 0.01) chemotaxis values. At 6 months of age, phagocyte chemotaxis is still low compared to adult values (P less than 0.01). PMID- 7119093 TI - Metacarpophalangeal pattern profile in ACPS type II (Carpenter syndrome). PMID- 7119095 TI - Glucocorticoid receptors in palatal mesenchymal cells from the human embryo: relevance to human cleft palate formation. AB - Glucocorticoids are potent inducers of cleft palate (CP) in experimental animals. The present study was performed in order to examine whether human embryonic palatal mesenchymal (HEPM) cells contain glucocorticoid receptors and are responsive to the growth inhibitory effects of glucocorticoids. We have found that there is a single population of specific, high affinity, saturable glucocorticoid receptors in HEPM cells. Scatchard analysis of the binding data revealed that the apparent dissociation constant (Kd) was 26 nM and the number of receptors was 1.4 x 10(5) per cell. Dexamethasone (DEX), a potent synthetic glucocorticoid analog, inhibited growth of HEPM cells cultured in serum-free chemically defined medium by 20-40%. Dose-response experiments showed that DEX inhibition of HEPM cell growth was closely correlated with specific binding of [3H]DEX to the cells, suggesting that the suppression of HEPM cell growth may be receptor-mediated. DEX also inhibited collagen synthesis in HEPM cells. These results indicate that HEPM cells are capable of responding to both physiological and pharmacological levels of glucocorticoids and suggest that either endogenous or exogenous glucocorticoids may have the potential to interfere with human palate formation by perturbing the growth and differentiation of palatal mesenchymal cells. PMID- 7119094 TI - The ethmoid bone: implications for normal and abnormal facial development. AB - Deficiencies of the ethmoid and embryologically related bones of the anterior cranium have been observed in patients with abnormalities in development or placement of the orbits and eyes, nose, upper lip, mouth, and palate. Although these facial anomalies are commonly associated with holoprosencephaly, they may occur in other syndromes or as isolated cases with normocephaly. Such facial alterations represent the consequences of aberrant migration of tissues into the region normally occupied by the ethmoid bone, beginning early in the sixth week of gestation. The subtle interplay of forces involved in the normal development of the median face appears to be mediated by the ethmoid bone. This interaction may be perceived by dividing the ethmoid bone into three functional components which correspond to and operate in each of the major anatomic planes. PMID- 7119097 TI - Clinical significance of coagulase-negative staphylococci. AB - Although coagulase-negative staphylococci (C-NS) have been implicated in certain human infections, they are generally regarded as contaminants, and their clinical significance is questioned. To assess their role as pathogens, we studied 205 isolates of C-NS from wounds and body fluids (blood, urine, pleural and peritoneal fluids, etc.). Patient's charts were reviewed, and, by using strict criteria, a determination was made regarding the clinical significance of these isolates. The organisms were then identified to determine whether certain species of C-NS were associated with specific infections. S epidermidis sensu stricto accounted for 81% of the C-NS isolated. The frequencies of other species were: S. haemolyticus (6%), S. hominis (5%), S. capitis (4%), S. warneri (3%), and others (1%). Only two isolates were novobiocin resistant; neither was identified as S. saprophyticus. By using our criteria, 22% of the C-NS were considered to be clinically significant, and the majority of these (93%) was S. epidermidis. The most common source of the clinically relevant C-NS isolates was wounds. These data suggest that identification of C-NS species other than S. epidermidis may be of limited value in predicting clinical significance. PMID- 7119096 TI - Plasmid and surface antigen markers of endemic and epidemic Legionella pneumophila strains. AB - Environmental and clinical isolates of Legionella pneumophila obtained from the Pittsburgh Veterans Administration Medical Center were studied for the presence of plasmids and for unique surface antigens. The majority of environmental isolates contained a single 80-megadalton plasmid. After an epidemic of nosocomial Legionnaires disease subsided in the Spring of 1981, plasmid-bearing environmental isolates persisted in the environment. Whereas L. pneumophila could not be reisolated from most sites with plasmidless isolates. During this epidemic the attack rate was highest on wards with plasmidless isolates. All clinical isolates were plasmidless. Strains were serotyped by the indirect immunofluorescence method with serum from a single immunized rat which was used both without absorption and after absorption with various plasmid-bearing and plasmidless isolates. These studies suggested that a plasmid-associated surface antigen was present and that the most common plasmidless environmental serotype was similar to the epidemic clinical serotype. PMID- 7119098 TI - Collaborative evaluation of the micro-media systems anaerobe susceptibility panel: comparisons with reference methods and test reproducibility. AB - The Micro-Media Systems (MMS) anaerobe susceptibility testing panel results from four laboratories were compared for interlaboratory and intralaboratory variations and for the results with the reference agar dilution and a broth microdilution method. The interlaboratory agreement was 98.0% and intralaboratory agreement was 97.3% (+/- 1 log2 dilution). When interpretive criteria for each antimicrobial agent (susceptible, intermediate, and resistant) were assigned, the MMS anaerobic minimum inhibitory concentration data showed an interpretive accuracy of 91.0 and 95.5% for comparisons to the reference agar dilution and the broth methods, respectively. Most significant interpretive errors were considered minor, and nearly half of all errors involved tetracycline, a drug rarely used for serious anaerobic infections. The MMS anaerobe panels appear to be acceptable for selected use in clinical microbiology laboratories. PMID- 7119099 TI - Quantitation of rabbit immunoglobulin G antibodies to Salmonella minnesota Re by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed which allowed the measurement of rabbit immunoglobulin G antibodies directed to Salmonella minnesota Re glycolipid. Efficient adsorption of the antigen to polystyrene could only be effected provided it had been previously dialyzed against 0.2 M EDTA (pH 7.0) and subsequently treated with 0.2% sodium deoxycholate (15 min at 56 degrees C) in 0.05 M diethanolamine buffer (pH 9.6). The method is by far more sensitive than quantitative precipitation in the determination of IgG antibodies. Inhibition by glycolipid of binding S. minnesota Re antibodies to immobilized glycolipid attests to the specificity of the assay and permits the detection of as little as 100 ng of glycolipid. PMID- 7119101 TI - Comparison of vancomycin and penicillin for viral isolation. AB - Penicillin was compared with vancomycin for use in diagnostic virology to inhibit bacterial contamination of clinical specimens. Vancomycin when combined with gentamicin and amphotericin B was found to be more effective in lowering the overall contamination rate than when penicillin was combined with these antibiotics (penicillin group, 14.9% versus vancomycin group, 6.2%; P less than 0.001). Of the contaminants grown in the presence of penicillin, 72% were gram positive cocci, primarily coagulase-negative staphylococci. The number of gram positive contaminants in the presence of vancomycin was reduced to zero. There was little difference in the rates of gram-negative rod or fungus contamination. The viral isolation rate in noncontaminated specimens was similar with either penicillin or vancomycin, but was reduced when specimens became contaminated. The time for virus detection and the morphology of cytopathology were similar in penicillin- and vancomycin-treated specimens. Vancomycin is an effective alternative to penicillin in reducing the growth of contaminants in viral isolation specimens. PMID- 7119100 TI - Serotyping of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from sporadic cases and outbreaks in British Columbia. AB - Campylobacter jejuni from sporadic cases and outbreaks of gastroenteritis were serotyped on the basis of heat-extracted soluble thermostable antigens identified with the use of the passive hemagglutination technique. A total of 168 isolates were separated into 45 different types. The largest proportion of the isolates fell into three serotypes, each with 11 to 12.5% of the total number. Three less frequently occurring serotypes each included approximately 5%, and the remaining 50% of the isolates were distributed among 39 other serotypes. In most cases, serotyping demonstrated that epidemiologically linked isolates were of the same serotype, but the outbreak strains could belong either to frequently or to infrequently isolated serotypes. The high correlation between clinical findings and serotyping results confirmed the applicability of the serotyping scheme in epidemiological investigations of C. jejuni infections. PMID- 7119102 TI - Evaluation of the macro-vue latex agglutination test for quantitation of gentamicin in human serum. AB - The Macro-Vue Card Test (Hynson, Wescott, and Dunning, Baltimore, Md.) for rapid quantitation of gentamicin in serum was compared with bioassay and radioimmunoassay procedures on sera from 100 patients. Regression analysis of paired results from the bioassay (using Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 27799) and the Macro-Vue Card Test indicated a correlation coefficient of 0.89, whereas comparing radioimmunoassay and Card Test results yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.83. The bioassay-radioimmunoassay correlation coefficient was 0.88. The data were further examined by grouping the sera of the patients into three categories based on therapeutic concentration ranges as follows: less than 2 micrograms/ml, subtherapeutic range; 2 to 8 micrograms/ml, therapeutic range; greater than 8 micrograms/ml, potentially toxic range. Of 100 specimen values, 81 fell into the same concentration range when bioassay and Card Test values were compared. Of the 19 disagreements, 12 were considered minor. Of 100 specimen values compared by radioimmunoassay and the Card Test, 88 fell into the same concentration range. Of the 12 disagreements, 6 were considered minor. Therefore, the Macro-Vue Card Test for gentamicin compared favorably with both the bioassay and radioimmunoassay procedures. The minimal time required to perform the Card Test (12 to 15 min) makes it attractive for situations in which immediate results are needed. PMID- 7119103 TI - Analysis of short-chain acids from anaerobic bacteria by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A standard mixture of 25 short-chain fatty acids was resolved by high-performance liquid chromatography, using an Aminex HPX-87 column. The acids produced in culture media by anaerobic bacteria were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography after extraction with ether and reextraction into a small volume of 0.1 N NaOH. The presence of fumaric acid in culture extracts of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the trapped eluent fractions from the high-performance liquid chromatography column. PMID- 7119104 TI - Evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay specific for human immunoglobulin G as a Screening test for detecting anti-toxoplasma antibodies. AB - An evaluation of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as a screening test for immunoglobulin G class-specific anti-Toxoplasma antibodies was conducted. Results for 191 serum specimens assayed by the ELISA, indirect hemagglutination (IHA), and methylene blue dye tests indicated that good qualitative agreement exists among these tests. High ELISA titers relative to methylene blue dye titers may be attributed in part to the presence of rheumatoid factor. ELISA results were found to be reproducible. A parallel study of 1,760 sera assayed by ELISA and IHA was performed with 3.0-mm-diameter serum filter paper spots as a source of specimen. When a 1:64 titer and 40 IU were used as threshold values for IHA and the ELISA, respectively, 4.8% of the specimens tested were positive in both tests. An additional 2% of these specimens were ELISA positive and IHA negative, whereas 2% were ELISA negative and IHA positive. The total number of positive specimens by either test (7%) closely agreed with previously reported results. In view of these data, the simplicity of the test, and relative economic considerations, the ELISA may be considered an alternative method for screening for anti-Toxoplasma antibodies. PMID- 7119105 TI - Isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis in Untreated MMC-E mouse epithelial cells. AB - The susceptibility of the epithelial mouse embryo cell line MMC-E to infection with Chlamydia trachomatis was studied by using chlamydiae from both laboratory strain L2 and clinical specimens. MMC-E cells were sensitive to infection with C. trachomatis without any pre- or posttreatments, and their susceptibility for isolation was comparable to that of the conventionally used irradiated McCoy cells. PMID- 7119106 TI - Isolation of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni from human fecal specimens by incubation at 35 and 42 degrees C. AB - Campylobacter strains were isolated from human stool specimens that were cultured on modified Skirrow agar and incubated at 35 and 42 degrees C. Incubation at 42 degrees C resulted in more isolates, increased colony numbers, and earlier isolation than was found at 35 degrees C. PMID- 7119107 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulins in sheep with visna, a slow virus infection of the central nervous system. AB - Icelandic sheep were injected intracerebrally with visna virus, which produces a persistent infection of the CNS accompanied by encephalomyelitis and focal demyelinating lesions. Studies were conducted on two groups of sheep, with short term infections (25 sheep sampled 1-3 months after infection) and long-term infections (14 sheep sampled 5-6 years after infection). Quantitative determination of CSF immunoglobulin levels 5 years after infection indicated that IgM concentration was usually elevated, IgG2 was occasionally elevated and IgG1 was rarely elevated. CSF oligoclonal bands were seen in about half the sheep examined 5 years after infection. There was a correlation between high titers of CSF antiviral antibody and both elevated CSF IgM concentration and CSF oligoclonal bands. Serum/CSF IgG1 ratios indicated that the blood-brain barrier was apparently intact in long-term visna infection, consistent with intrathecal synthesis of IgM and of antiviral antibody. The alterations in CSF immunoglobulins in visna resemble those found in other persistent CNS virus infections and in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7119108 TI - The demonstration of locally synthesized herpes simplex IgG antibodies in CSF by a Sepharose 4B linked enzyme immunoassay. AB - A newly developed peroxidase-linked immunoassay is described which is sensitive enough to quantify herpes simplex antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid diluted to an IgG level of 1 mg/dl. Thus, a comparison of photometric signals allows the direct detection of specific antibodies which have been secreted by activated tissue B lymphocytes into the CSF compartment during the humoral immune phase of herpes simplex encephalitis. The technique utilizes urea-Triton dissolved virus antigens covalently bound to Sepharose 4B pearls. A highly specific sandwich antibody was purified by immune absorption column chromatography and labelled in its protected state. In the majority of cases the antibody level increased around the 10th day, to reach its maximum a few days after. In some cases however the serum levels gradually rose over a period of several weeks. The antibody levels in the CSF increase uniformly at the same time, irrespective of the general immune response and soared up to higher than serum levels within a few days. Local antibody production may persist for years so that late diagnosis of herpes encephalitis becomes possible with a single side by side test of serum and CSF from the patient. PMID- 7119109 TI - Serum and cerebrospinal fluid antibodies to single-stranded and double-stranded nucleic acids in neurological diseases. AB - Two different subpopulations of IgG antibodies to nucleic acids may be demonstrated: (1) IgG directed against single-stranded (ss) nucleic acids: they are found in normal human serum and increased in sera in subacute sclerosing panencephalities, multiple sclerosis and in other neurological diseases. Absent from normal cerebrospinal fluid, they can be synthetized inside the central nervous system during these diseases. Their only common antigenic determinant seems to be the polymeric single-stranded structure. No correlation can be demonstrated between their increase in sera and their local synthesis (inside the central nervous system) and between these data and the clinical stage. These facts suggest a "non-specific" reaction and not a pathogenic mechanism. (2) IgG antibodies directed against double-stranded (ds) nucleic acids: they were detected in cerebrospinal fluid during 3 neurological diseases only, all of proved viral etiology: subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, herpes meningoencephalitis and B hepatitis polyradiculoneuritis. These antibodies are also synthetized inside the central nervous system, and are distinct from antibodies to ss nucleic acids. The mechanism of production and the signification of these antibodies remains unknown, and their scarcity in MS patients must be stressed. PMID- 7119110 TI - Spectrin beta-chain variant associated with hereditary elliptocytosis. AB - An electrophoretically fast-moving variant of the spectrin beta-chain was discovered in the erythrocyte membranes of a woman and her father who both exhibited elliptocytosis and mild hemolytic anemia. This abnormal beta'-subunit (Mr = 214,000) co-existed with a decreased normal beta-chain and represented about half of the total beta-chains in the membrane. In contrast to the spectrin beta-chain, the beta'-chain was phosphorylated neither in the membrane by endogenous protein kinases nor in solution by pure membrane casein kinase whether or not the spectrin was dephosphorylated by erythrocyte cytosolic spectrin phosphatase. The presence of the beta'-chain was associated with a defective self association of spectrin dimer to form tetramer as manifested by: (a) an excess of spectrin dimer in the 4 degrees C spectrin crude extract, (b) a defective self association of the spectrin dimer in the 37 degrees C crude spectrin extracts. Gel electrophoretic analysis of the tetramer and dimer species isolated from the proband's 4 degrees C extract showed that the tetramer contained trace amounts of the beta'-chain, whereas in contrast, a large proportion of beta'-chain was present in the dimer. These results demonstrated the responsibility of the beta' chain for the defective reassociation of spectrin dimer into tetramer. The study of this abnormal spectrin confirms the participation of spectrin beta-chain in dimer-dimer association and strongly suggests that the phosphorylation sites of the normal beta-chain are located at the end of the molecule involved in the dimer-dimer interactions. PMID- 7119111 TI - Changes in bone mineral density of the proximal femur and spine with aging. Differences between the postmenopausal and senile osteoporosis syndromes. AB - We measured bone mineral density (BMD) of the proximal femur, lumbar spine, or both by dual photon absorptiometry in 205 normal volunteers (123 women and 82 men; age range 20 to 92 yr) and in 31 patients with hip fractures (26 women and 5 men; mean age, 78 yr). For normal women, the regression of BMD on age was negative and linear at each site; overall decrease during life was 58% in the femoral neck, 53% in the intertrochanteric region of the femur, and 42% in the lumbar spine. For normal men, the age regression was linear also; the rate of decrease in BMD was two-thirds of that in women for femoral neck and intertrochanteric femur but was only one-fourth of that in women for lumbar spine. This difference may explain why the female/male ratio is 2:1 for hip fractures but 8:1 for vertebral fractures. The standard deviation (Z-score) from the sex-specific age-adjusted normal mean in 26 women with hip fracture averaged 0.31 (P < 0.05) for the femoral neck, -0.53 (P < 0.01) for the intertrochanteric femur, and +0.24 (NS) for the lumbar spine; results were similar for 5 men with hip fractures. By contrast, for 27 additional women, ages 51-65 yr, with only nontraumatic vertebral fractures, the Z-score was -1.92 (P < 0.001) for the lumbar spine. Thus, contrary to the view that osteoporosis is a single age related entity, our data suggest the existence of two distinct syndromes. One form, "postmenopausal osteoporosis," is characterized by excessive and disproportionate trabecular bone loss, involves a small subset of women in the early postmenopausal period, and is associated mainly with vertebral fractures. The other form, "senile osteoporosis," is characterized by proportionate loss of both cortical and trabecular bone, involves essentially the entire population of aging women and, to a lesser extent, aging men, and is associated with hip fractures or vertebral fractures or both. PMID- 7119112 TI - Hepatic uptake of bile acids in man. Fasting and postprandial concentrations of individual bile acids in portal venous and systemic blood serum. AB - This investigation was undertaken in order to (a) characterize the postprandial inflow of individual bile acids to the liver and (b) determine if peripheral venous bile acid levels always adequately reflect the portal venous concentration, or if saturation of hepatic bile acid uptake can occur under physiological conditions. In five patients with uncomplicated cholesterol gallstone disease, the umbilical cord was cannulated during cholecystectomy, and a catheter was left in the left portal branch for 5 to 7 d. The serum concentrations of cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, and deoxycholic acid in portal venous and systemic circulation were then determined at intervals of 15 to 30 min before and after a standardized meal. A highly accurate and specific gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric technique was used. The sum of the fasting concentrations of the three bile acids averaged 14.04+/-4.13 mumol/liter in portal venous serum, and 2.44+/-0.31 mumol/liter in peripheral venous serum. The estimated hepatic fractional uptake of cholic acid was approximately 90%, and those of chenodeoxycholic acid and deoxycholic acid were 70-80%. This resulted in an enrichment of systemic bile acids in the dihydroxy bile acid species. In response to a standardized meal, portal venous bile acid concentrations increased two- to sixfold, with a peak seen 15-60 min after the meal. The maximum postprandial portal venous bile acid concentration averaged 43.04+/-6.12 mumol/liter, and the corresponding concentration in peripheral serum was 5.22+/ 0.74 mumol/liter. The estimated fractional uptakes of the individual bile acids were not affected by the increased inflow to the liver. The peripheral venous concentrations of individual as well as total bile acids were well correlated with those in portal venous serum. The results (a) give a quantitation of postprandial bile acid inflow to the liver and (b) indicate that the hepatic uptake system for bile acids in healthy man cannot be saturated during maximal inflow of endogenous bile acids. Measurement of peripheral serum bile acids can thus give important information on the status of the enterohepatic circulation. PMID- 7119114 TI - Basis of plasma iron exchange in the rabbit. AB - Rabbit transferrin in vitro is shown to load ferrous iron at random on its specific binding sites. The release of iron to reticulocytes is shown to be an all-or-none phenomenon. The two monoferric transferrins have similar in vivo plasma iron clearance rates and tissue distribution. Diferric transferrin, while giving a similar tissue distribution of radioiron, has a plasma iron clearance rate approximately twice that of the monoferric transferrins at low plasma iron concentrations. This difference diminishes as the plasma iron concentration increases. These results are consistent with a progressively greater in vivo conversion of mono- to diferric transferrin as transferrin saturation increases. The in vivo plasma iron turnover in the rabbit increases progressively as the plasma iron increases, from a mean value of approximately 0.8 mg/dl whole blood per d at a plasma iron concentration of 50 mug/dl to 2.0 at a plasma iron concentration of 300. The molecular behavior of transferrin and its iron over this range was investigated using (125)I-transferrin, [(55)Fe]monoferric transferrin, and [(59)Fe]diferric transferrin. The equilibrium distribution of transferrin between its apo-, mono-, and diferric moieties was similar to that predicted on the basis of the percent saturation and random distribution. Rate constants of iron loading and unloading calculated from the percent saturation and from the clearance rates of [(55)Fe]monoferric and [(59)Fe]diferric transferrin were similar to those derived from changes in injected (125)I apotransferrin. On the basis of these data, it is concluded that the plasma transferrin pool is nonhomogeneous and that the relative size of the mono- and diferric cycles depends on transferrin saturation. A formula is proposed for correcting the plasma iron turnover, thereby eliminating the effect of plasma iron concentration, so as to reflect directly the number of tissue transferrin receptors. PMID- 7119113 TI - Generation of leukotrienes by purified human lung mast cells. AB - Although mediator release from mast cells and basophils plays a central role in the pathogenesis of human allergic disease, biochemical studies have been restricted to rat peritoneal mast cells and basophilic leukemia cells because they could be easily purified. We have used two new techniques of cell separation to purify human lung mast cells to 98% homogeneity. Lung cell suspensions were obtained by dispersion of chopped lung tissue with proteolytic enzymes. Mast cells were then purified from the suspensions by countercurrent centrifugal elutriation and affinity chromatography. The purified mast cells released both histamine and slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) (leukotriene C and D) during stimulation with goat anti-human IgE antibody. Moreover, these preparations were able to generate significant quantities of SRS-A (32 +/- 7 x 10(-17) LTD mole-equivalents/mast cell) at all stages of purification, indicating that a secondary cell is not necessary for the antigen-induced release of SRS. PMID- 7119115 TI - Characterization of lipase activities in obese Pima indians. Decreases with weight reduction. AB - Adipose tissue and muscle lipoprotein lipase and postheparin hepatic and lipoprotein lipase activities have been measured in a group of 21 Pima Indian males over a wide range of body weight to determine the relationship between obesity and these lipase activities. There was a significant positive correlation between adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase and obesity; muscle and postheparin lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase were not related to degree of obesity. Fasting insulin levels were not related to any of the measurements of lipase activity. There were racial differences in adipose and postheparin lipoprotein lipase activities; both were significantly lower in the Pimas as compared with a group of weight-matched Caucasian males. Lipase activities were remeasured in eight subjects after a period of weight reduction including several weeks of stabilization at the reduced weights. After the period of weight reduction adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase declined in all subjects. Hepatic lipase also declined in all but two patients. Muscle and postheparin lipolytic activities were not affected by weight loss. The data indicate that (a) there are racial differences in adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase; and (b) the elevated adipose lipoprotein lipase associated with obesity, like many other biochemical variables in the obese state, returns toward normal after weight reduction. PMID- 7119116 TI - Human alveolar macrophage growth factor for fibroblasts. Regulation and partial characterization. AB - The number of fibroblasts composing the alveolar structures in controlled within narrow limits by a strictly modulated rate of fibroblast replication. One possible source of growth-modulating signals for alveolar fibroblasts is the alveolar macrophage, a member of the mononuclear phagocyte family of cells, which collectively are known to be important sources of growth factors for a variety of target cells. To evaluate the role of alveolar macrophages in the control of alveolar fibroblast replication, macrophages from normal individuals obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage were maintained in suspension culture with and without added stimuli, and supernates were evaluated for fibroblast growth-promoting effect. Supernates from unstimulated macrophages contained no growth factor activity. In marked contrast, supernates from macrophages stimulated with particulates and immune complexes contained a growth factor that caused a significant increase in fibroblast replication rate. Maximum growth factor activity was observed 3-4 h after macrophage stimulation, at a concentration of 1 2 x 10(6) macrophages/ml. The alveolar macrophagederived growth factor eluted from DEAE-cellulose at 0.27 M NaCl at neutral pH had an apparent molecular weight of 18,000, and appeared to be distinct from other characterized growth factors. The alveolar macrophage-derived growth factor stimulated lung fibroblast DNA synthesis within 12 h, with cell division apparent within 48 h. In serum-free culture, the alveolar macrophage-derived growth factor by itself did not promote fibroblast replication, but rather acted as a progression factor causing a synergistic increase in fibroblast replication rate in the presence of competence factors such as fibroblast growth factor or platelet-derived growth factor. These studies suggest that when stimulated, human alveolar macrophages may modulate, in part, the replication rate of alveolar fibroblasts by releasing a growth factor within the alveolar microenvironment. PMID- 7119117 TI - Multicompartmental analysis of cholesterol metabolism in man. Quantitative kinetic evaluation of precursor sources and turnover of high density lipoprotein cholesterol esters. AB - The purpose of this study is to delineate the immediate sources and fractional turnover of high density lipoprotein (HDL) esterified cholesterol in man. Various labeled preparations were administered in 11 experiments to six subjects who had either a complete bile fistula (maximally stimulated cholesterol metabolism) or an intact enterohepatic circulation. The administered tracers included [(3)H]mevalonic acid; [(14)C]cholesterol bound to albumin; low density lipoprotein (LDL) free [(3)H] or [(14)C]cholesterol; HDL free [(3)H] or [(14)C]cholesterol; HDL esterified [(3)H]cholesterol; and LDL esterified [(3)H]cholesterol. Blood samples were obtained at frequent intervals for up to 5 d after the administration of tracers. The mass and radioactivity in individual plasma lipoprotein (very low density lipoprotein [VLDL], HDL, and LDL) free and esterified cholesterol were determined. The data were subjected to multicompartmental analysis using the SAAM-27 computer program. The analysis revealed that plasma free cholesterol was not the only immediate source of either a single- or two-compartment HDL ester system. When LDL esters and plasma (HDL) free cholesterol were tested together as sources of one HDL ester compartment, data from all the experiments were readily fit. The fluxes arrived at with the final model indicated that only approximately 20% of the esterified cholesterol in HDL was newly synthesized from plasma (HDL) free cholesterol (2.36 mumol/min); the remaining 80% was from LDL ester (8.92 mumol/min). The presence of a bile fistula had no obvious effect on HDL esterified cholesterol metabolism. The rate of HDL cholesterol ester turnover was 3-12 times/d, indicating that the ester component of the HDL particle is in a very dynamic state. PMID- 7119118 TI - Rat anterior pituitary. Distinction of an approximately 8S, corticosterone preferring species from dexamethasone-binding glucocorticoid receptors. AB - Studies on the feedback inhibition of ACTH release by steroid hormones and on the binding of tritiated steroids by the pituitary have prompted the hypothesis that receptors in addition to or other than classical glucocorticoid receptors may mediate steroid hormone effects in this tissue. Accordingly, we have asked whether more than one glucocorticoid-binding species, distinct from corticosteroid binding globulin, can be found in rat anterior pituitary gland. In our study we have demonstrated high affinity (K(d) 4 degrees C approximately 1 nM) binding sites for tritiated corticosterone ((3)H-B) in rat pituitary cytosol, distinct from classical glucocorticoid receptors and transcortin-like sites. Unlike (3)H-B-transcortin complexes, (3)H-B bound to such sites is adsorbed onto hydroxylapatite and is stabilized by sulphydryl group reducing agents. Sucrose density gradient analysis in low ionic strength buffer under equilibrium conditions ((3)H-B+/-nonradioactive competitors throughout) showed (3)H-B to sediment as a single, approximately 8S peak, from which (3)H-B was consistently better displaced by B than dexamethasone (DM); (3)H-DM similarly bound to an approximately 8S peak, from which it was better displaced by DM than B. The existence of two species of pituitary glucocorticoid receptors is further supported by clear differences in specificity for a range of steroids, and in the differential depletion of cytoplasmic sites after in vivo DM administration. Similar "B-preferring" sites were not found in thymus cytosols. These results demonstrate that there exist in the pituitary high affinity intracellular binding sites for naturally occurring glucocorticoids, distinct from classical glucocorticoid receptors and transcortin-like sites. Physiological roles as glucocorticoid receptors remain to be established for these B-preferring sites. PMID- 7119119 TI - Basic isoferritin and hypercalcaemia in renal cell carcinoma. AB - A 63-year-old man with iron loss anaemia and hypercalcaemia was found to have a renal cell carcinoma. Despite the iron-deficient blood and bone marrow picture, the serum ferritin concentration was markedly raised. This was mainly due to a "basic isoferritin". The serum parathormone concentration was normal. The serum ferritin and calcium concentrations returned to normal after the tumour was removed. We propose that the renal cell carcinoma cells in this patient secreted the basic isoferritin as well as humoral factor(s) responsible for hypercalcaemia. PMID- 7119120 TI - Radioimmunoassay of serum glycocholic acid, standard laboratory tests of liver function and liver biopsy findings: comparative study of children with liver disease. AB - Serum glycocholic acid (SGC) was measured by radioimmunoassay in 277 samples from 122 children with hepatobiliary disorders and from 23 healthy age-matched controls. In patients with hepatobiliary disease the SGC was more frequently abnormal (83%) than values for serum albumin (7%), prothrombin time (17%), bilirubin (22%), alkaline phosphatase (45%), aspartate transaminase (57%) and gammaglutamyl transpeptidase (63%). The cumulative frequency of abnormality of these six tests was equal to that of SGC alone. Serum glycocholic acid concentrations were raised in 13 patients in whom all other tests of liver function were normal. Two of these had clinical and histological evidence of liver disease, while four had biopsy-proven hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis, and two of three with chronic active hepatitis in remission subsequently relapsed. Four patients have as yet, no other clinical or biochemical evidence of continuing liver disease. Serum glycocholic acid was normal in seven children with abnormal aspartate transaminase or gammaglutamyl transpeptidase in whom there is strong suspicion of significant hepatic disease. A wide range of values of SGC was found with marked overlap between the values found in the different disease entities studied. The SGC value was related to the serum concentration of aspartate transaminase and gammaglutamyl transpeptidase but not to other tests of liver function. Serum glycocholic acid concentration was considered in relation to the severity of histological abnormality in 25 percutaneous liver biopsies. The extent of the rise in SGC was related to the presence or degree of histological severity of oedema in the portal tracts, disruption of the limiting plate, parenchymal fibrosis and hepatocellular necrosis but not to other histological features. The very high incidence of abnormal SGC values found in this study does suggest that in an ordinary inpatient and outpatient service SGC determination is a practical and sensitive indicator of the presence of significant liver disease but for its comprehensive identification aspartate transaminase and gammaglutamyl transpeptidase must also be determined. PMID- 7119121 TI - A rapid microagglutination test for the diagnosis of Legionella pneumophila (serogroup 1) infection. AB - A rapid microagglutination test has been developed which can be performed in 30 minutes. Ninety-seven percent of 96 patients diagnosed as having Legionella pneumophila (serogroup 1) infection by indirect immunofluorescence were also detected by the rapid microagglutination test. PMID- 7119123 TI - Glomerular zippers and ports? PMID- 7119122 TI - Word and data processing in histopathology laboratories. PMID- 7119124 TI - Chlamydia trachomatis is not a cause of acute gastroenteritis in young children. PMID- 7119125 TI - A new medium for isolating Campylobacter jejuni/coli. PMID- 7119126 TI - The maternal autopsy. AB - Careful study of reports prepared for the Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths in England and Wales has made it clear that many maternal autopsy reports are not as informative as they might be. This is, in part at least, because no pathologist who does not work in a maternity unit can expect to see more than a handful of such deaths in a working lifetime. This paper describes briefly the particular features to look for at autopsy, stresses the importance of taking adequate material for histology and discusses some of the more significant histological findings, both of conditions which cause death and of those commonly associated with it. PMID- 7119127 TI - Morphological and immunohistochemical findings in upper gastrointestinal biopsies of patients with Crohn's disease of the ileum and colon. AB - The histological findings and the number of immunoglobulin-containing cells in gastric and duodenal biopsies from patients with Crohn's disease of the large or small bowel, or both, with and without upper gastrointestinal complaints, are reported and compared with those of healthy controls and patients with chronic non-specific gastritis and duodenitis. The gastric and duodenal biopsies from patients with Crohn's disease showed a higher incidence of chronic non-specific inflammation and a significant increase of IgM-containing cells compared with healthy controls. The increase of IgM-containing cells in the lamina propria cannot be explained by the high incidence of chronic non-specific inflammation, a condition shown to have increased numbers of IgM-containing cells as well, since patients with Crohn's disease of the ileum or colon, or both, without histological abnormalities of the gastric and duodenal mucosa also showed an increase of IgM-containing cells. It is concluded that both the high incidence of chronic non-specific inflammation in gastric and duodenal biopsies and the increased number of IgM-containing cells are an expression of Crohn's disease as a systemic disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 7119128 TI - Study of nuclear diameters in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. AB - The mean maximum nuclear diameter (D(max)) in 21 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) has been determined, using the Reichert-Jung (Kontron) MOP-AMO(3) user controlled image analyser. Nuclear diameters of high-grade malignancy NHL were found to be considerably greater than those of low-grade malignancy lymphomas, although there was some overlap of their ranges. These findings confirm objectively subjective estimates of nuclear size in NHL. The relative usefulness of the user-controlled (interactive) image analyser for the measurement of nuclei in tissue sections is compared with that of a fully automatic machine. PMID- 7119130 TI - Acidosis and severe megaloblastic anaemia. AB - Ten patients with severe megaloblastic anaemia were studied to investigate whether the causative metabolic defects might predispose them to lactic or other acidosis. One patient had compensated acidosis with hyperlactataemia before treatment but there were obvious causes other than anaemia. No other patient developed an acidosis. Neither anaemia per se nor the metabolic defects of vitamin B(12) or folic acid deficiency are likely to cause clinically significant lactic acidosis or hyperlactataemia. PMID- 7119129 TI - Monocyte function in cirrhosis. AB - Monocyte function has been studied in a total of 51 patients with biopsy-proven cirrhosis and 35 controls. There was significantly reduced monocyte spreading (p less than 0.05), chemotaxis (p less than 0.02), bacterial phagocytosis (p less than 0.05) and bacterial killing (p less than 0.02) in the cirrhotics compared to the controls. Monocytes from patients with cirrhosis produced significantly less of the lysosomal enzymes N-acetyl beta-glucosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase than those obtained from the controls (p less than 0.02). There was no significant difference in the number of monocytes obtained, the number of macrophage precursors, and the nitro-blue tetrazoline (NBT) reduction between the cirrhotic and the controls. The reduced function appeared to be mainly due to a circulating inhibitory factor and could be corrected by incubation of the cirrhotic cells in serum from control subjects. The response of monocytes from patients with cirrhosis did not differ from the controls in their response to added endotoxin or latex particles suggesting that they are capable of a normal response in the absence of the inhibitory factor. Paired specimens of portal and systemic serum were collected from patients with no evidence of liver disease undergoing vascular surgery. When added to normal human monocytes the portal serum caused a significant reduction in bacterial killing (p less than 0.02) and chemotaxis (p less than 0.05) compared to results obtained in the paired systemic serum. Mixing experiments suggests the presence of an active inhibitor in the portal serum. The results suggest that monocyte function is reduced in cirrhosis apparently due to a serum inhibitor which may have originated from the portal vein. The abnormalities may account in part for the increased susceptibility of these patients to infection. PMID- 7119131 TI - The test request form: a neglected route for communication between the physician and the clinical chemist? AB - The requirements for a clinical biochemistry test request form are reviewed. The interaction between the configuration of the main analysers and the number of individual tests, or profiles, that are ordered using different request form formats were monitored for three-month periods over a three-year period while the main analysers were being "reconfigured" or replaced. Although there was a significant increase in orders for individual tests (compared to profile requests) required on outpatients this did not occur with the inpatient ordering pattern. Instead, the numbers of discretionary tests dropped and more miniprofiles--for example, the electrolyte group, were ordered, although the total number of profiles (per patient day) did not increase because the "electrolyte-urea-creatinine" profile numbers markedly decreased during rhe period of the study. This shift in ordering patterns was assumed to be due to the faster turnaround of "priority" (emergency) test requests which could, due to improved instrumentation, be analysed as quickly as individual test requests. Glucose was dropped from the major profile and the numbers of discretionary glucose requests did not increase. It was concluded that, providing this single test can be performed efficiently, there is no need for glucose to be included in test profiles. PMID- 7119132 TI - An investigation of drug expectancy as a function of capsule color and size and preparation form. AB - Much of a drug response is related to nonspecific factors. Perceptual characteristics of drug preparations likely play a major role in expectancy and response. This study focused on perceptual characteristics of a preparation related to anticipated effect: capsule color, capsule size, and preparation form (capsule versus tablet). College students ranked capsules for perceived strength based on capsule size, categorized capsules in terms of anticipated pharmacological effect based on color, and evaluated strength based on preparation form. Data showed nonchance distributions for nine capsule colors in anticipated action, with specific effects for four colors. A significant difference between capsule and tablet for perceived strength was found, as was a trend relating capsule size to perceived drug strength. Discussion centered on awareness and consideration of drug perceptual characteristics in support of drug efficacy. PMID- 7119133 TI - Loss of appetite and weight associated with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor isocarboxazid. PMID- 7119134 TI - Effects of chlordiazepoxide in disturbed children: a pilot study. PMID- 7119137 TI - Treatment of spasmodic torticollis with ethyl chloride. PMID- 7119135 TI - Bioavailability of intramuscular versus oral haloperidol in schizophrenic patients. PMID- 7119136 TI - A dose-ranging study of lecithin in the treatment of primary degenerative dementia (Alzheimer disease). PMID- 7119138 TI - Combined MAOI-tricyclic antidepressant treatment: a reply to Dr. Davidson. PMID- 7119139 TI - Recall performance of children failing memory portions of a speech-language memory screening battery. AB - Recall performance of first- and third-grade children who failed memory portions of a speech-language-memory screen was examined using digit and consonant-vowel (CV) stimulus sets. Children passing the screening battery had more accurate recall performance than children failing the screening battery. Systematic variations in performance as a function of stimulus set (i.e., digit vs CV) were noted in the groups: significantly lower recall was noted for CV items than for digit items in all groups passing or failing the screening battery. Data indicate children failing the screening battery differed quantitatively, rather than qualitatively, from children passing the screening battery. These data further suggest the difficulties experienced by children failing the screening battery may be related to deficits in the initial coding of auditory information. PMID- 7119140 TI - The effects of phonetic context and linguistic complexity on /s/ misarticulation in children. AB - The present investigation was designed to examine the effects of phonetic context and linguistic complexity level on /s/ misarticulations in children. The subjects were normal children who misarticulated the /s/ phoneme interdentally in all positions of words. The stimuli were 48 sound-in-context initiative sequences which contained one /s/ phoneme embedded in a C1SC2 frame with all permutations of the phonemes /k,t,n,p/ in the C1 and C2 positions. The 48 sequences were composed of two basic linguistic complexity levels. The simple level consisted of the C1SC2 frame occurring in 16 noun phrases and in the more complex linguistic level seven-word sentences contained the C1SC2 frames in the subject-noun-phrase and object-noun-phrase positions. All presentations of complexity levels were counterbalanced over the three trials for a total of 144 /s/ productions for each child. Results demonstrated that certain phonemes were more facilitory for correct /s/ production than other phonemes. The analysis revealed no position effect. The mean percent correct /s/ productions over three trials did not differ significantly; however, the mean percent correct /s/ productions did vary significantly with linguistic complexity levels by position. PMID- 7119141 TI - The intelligibility and acceptability of speech produced by five different electronic artificial larynx devices. PMID- 7119142 TI - Air volumes during connected speech of normal-hearing and hearing-impaired adults. AB - Aerodynamic characteristics were investigated in connected discourse of normal hearing and orally trained hearing-impaired adults. Subjects read sentences of various lengths and produced a spontaneous speech sample. Utterances were sensed by a pneumotachograph and recorded oscillographically and by audiotape. Inspiratory and expiratory volumes and expiratory time were measured. Word intelligibility was judged. Hearing-impaired subjects displayed greater ranges of air volumes and expiratory time. From sentence to spontaneous conditions, intelligibility varied systematically with expiratory volume. PMID- 7119143 TI - Patterns of performance for two age groups of normal adults on a test of oral form discrimination. AB - Two age groups of 12 normal adult subjects were tested to determine patterns of performance on a test of oral form discrimination. All subjects were asked whether or not two consecutively presented unseen forms were identical, by pointing to a "yes" or "no" response printed on a card. The younger subject group performed significantly better than the older group on oral form discrimination and, with few exceptions, were classified within their proper age group. In addition, the number of subjects discriminated from each other and assigned to their respective age groups using selected response categories was comparable to that using total, within-class, and between-class scores. This established the possible use for a shortened form of the test. PMID- 7119145 TI - Quantitative analyses of neuronal development in the lateral motor column of mouse spinal cord. II. Development of motor neuronal organelles. AB - The development of organelles within presumptive alpha motor neuronal somata was studied by electron microscopic morphometric analysis. Cells with large nuclei were selected for sampling from the lateral motor column of the brachial spinal cord of mouse embryos ranging in age from embryonic day 11 (E11) through E16. The first objective was to compare the cytodifferentiation of alpha motor neuronal somata among three genetically different strains of mice that differ in the development of forelimb reflex behavior and associated pathway synaptogenesis (Vaughn et al., '75). On the basis of multiple linear regression analyses, no significant differences were found among strains for either the initial levels or rates of cytodifferentiation. As a result, the data were combined for all three strains to analyze organelle changes during early neuronal development. The average areas of perikaryal cytoplasm and nuclei increased significantly. In addition, the relative areas of nucleoli, mitochondria, Golgi complexes, and rough endoplasmic reticulum increased, while the relative areas of heterochromatin and "free" ribosomes decreased. There were significant increases in the number of mitochondria and Golgi complexes per unit area of perikaryal cytoplasm. The average size of mitochondria appeared to increase during development, but was significantly smaller in adult alpha motor neurons than in embryonic specimens. In contrast, the average size of individual Golgi complexes was relatively constant throughout embryonic development, as well as in the adult. In general, the cytodifferentiation of alpha motor neurons appeared to progress in a relatively constant, linear fashion between E11 and E16. PMID- 7119144 TI - Quantitative analyses of neuronal development in the lateral motor column of mouse spinal cord. I. Genetically associated variations in somal growth patterns. AB - The relative somal and nuclear sizes of neurons in the lateral motor column (LMC) of adult and embryonic mouse brachial spinal cord were determined by light microscopic morphometry. Three genetically varying mouse strains, previously shown to differ in the development of a forelimb reflex pathway, were studied. In adults, the size distribution of somata, nuclei, and nucleoli were bimodal for each strain, indicating that there are two distinct size classes of LMC neurons. The size division between large and small LMC neurons differed among strains with more large LMC neurons occurring in strain CBA/CaJ than in either LP/J or C57BL/6J. In embryos, the growth of LMC cells was studied by determining the average area of nuclear profiles for specimens ranging in age from embryonic day 11 (E11) to 16. The average nuclear profile area increased significantly during this period in all three strains, and differences were found in the initial size and apparent rate of growth among strains. Early in development (E11-12), strain differences in apparent cell size were: C57BL/6J greater than CBA/CaJ greater than LP/J, and this strain order corresponds to observed strain differences in the onset of reflexogenesis and synaptogenesis (Vaughn et al., '75). Later in development (E16), strain differences in apparent cell size were: CBA/CaJ greater than LP/J greater than or equal to C57BL/6J, and this relationship corresponds to a more rapid increase of presumptive afferent synapses in CBA/CaJ than in the other two strains between E15 and E16. Possible causal relationships among neuronal size, growth, and synaptogenesis are suggested by these strain differences. PMID- 7119146 TI - Quantitative analyses of neuronal development in the lateral motor column of mouse spinal cord. III. Generation and settling patterns of large and small neurons. AB - The generation and settling patterns of large and small lateral motor column (LMC) neurons were compared in the spinal cords of three inbred strains of mice by means of tritiated thymidine autoradiography. No significant strain differences were observed for the number of large LMC cells (presumptive alpha motor neurons) that were heavily labeled on each injection day, although there were significant strain variations for this measure with regard to small LMC neurons (presumed gamma motor neurons and interneurons). The generation of both large and small LMC neurons began at the same time, but peak production of large cells preceded that of the small neurons. There were no strain differences observed for this relationship between the large and small cells. These findings indicate that the LMC, from the time of its initial formation, contains cells destined to become large and small neurons. The positions of large and small neurons within the adult LMC relative to their times of origin (settling patterns) were analyzed statistically. A significant ventrodorsal sequence for early-to-late generated cells was observed for both large and small LMC neurons. No significant strain differences were found in the analysis of settling patterns. A ventrodorsal settling pattern also has been described for amphibia (Prestige, '73) and, in conjunction with the proximodistal sequence of limb development described by other investigators, the ventrodorsal sequence could play a key role in the development of motor neuronal somatotopic organization. PMID- 7119148 TI - Sources of olfactory inputs to opossum mediodorsal nucleus identified by horseradish peroxidase and autoradiographic methods. AB - Some sources of olfactory input to the opossum mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MD) were identified by retrograde horseradish peroxidase and anterograde autoradiographic methods. One major source originated from the olfactory tubercle and a narrow strip of piriform cortex bordering the tubercle. The tubercle-MD projection exhibited a definite spatial organization and included all except the most medial part of MD. The fact that the projection reached the most lateral and ventral extent of MD abutting the intralaminar complex suggests that the entire opossum MD may correspond to only the medial, magnocellular division in the primate and that the equivalents of both the parvocellular and paralamellar divisions may be absent. PMID- 7119147 TI - Connections of vocal control nuclei in the canary telencephalon. AB - Connections of two telencephalic vocal control nuclei, the hyperstriatum ventrale, pars caudale (HVc), and robust nucleus of the archistriatum (RA), were investigated in adult canaries. Methods used were transport of horseradish peroxidase and 3H-adenosine and silver staining of degenerating axons. Three nuclei project to HVc: medial nucleus magnocellularis of the anterior neostriatum (MAN), nucleus interfacialis (NIf) of midneostriatum, and nucleus uvaeformis (Uva) of the diecephalon. Uva also projects to NIf. NIf and Uva have not been described previously. HVc projects to area X of lobus parolfactorius, to RA, and to field Avalanche of hyperstriatum ventrale. Nucleus RA receives projections from HVc and from lateral MAN. All these projections are ipsilateral. No gross male/female differences were apparent in the projections to and from HVc. Uptake of HRP by cell somata in HVc following localized injections of this substance into RA or HVc suggests that HVc is composed of rostrocaudally organized clusters of cells, with little lateral communication between them. PMID- 7119149 TI - Tonotopic organization in the central auditory pathway of the Mongolian gerbil: a 2-deoxyglucose study. AB - The uptake of 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) was employed to map functional activation of the central auditory pathway in the mongolian gerbil, during 85 dB SPL stimulation with pure tonal stimuli at frequencies of 0.75, 3.0, or 12.0 kHz. Pure tones produced foci of very high 2-DG uptake, when compared to adjacent tissue, in the cochlear nucleus, superior olivary complex, and inferior colliculus. Less distinct areas of elevated 2-DG uptake were seen in the dorsal and ventral nuclei of the lateral lemniscus, medial geniculate nucleus, and auditory cortex. Little or no change in the distribution of 2-DG uptake was noted in the nucleus of the trapezoid body. The location of discrete regions of relatively high 2-DG uptake varied systematically with stimulus frequency. The tonotopic organization demonstrated by 2-DG mapping agreed well with the results of previous electrophysiological studies for most structures. However, in the inferior colliculus, stimulus-evoked increases in 2-DG uptake were found to occur in a fixed pattern of three to four bands across the central nucleus, which did not correspond to any previously reported anatomical or physiological organization. Pure tonal stimuli activated discrete portions of this banding pattern. Also, a small area at the ventromedial edge of the colliculus was more broadly tuned than other regions of the nucleus. It is concluded that 2-DG uptake is well suited to the investigation of tonotopic organization. This technique reveals patterns of activation which have not been observed with other methodologies. PMID- 7119150 TI - Connections between the frontal eye field and pretectum in the monkey: an anterograde/retrograde study using HRP gel and TMB neurohistochemistry. AB - Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) gel implants in the frontal eye field (FEF) of macaque monkeys, processed with tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) neurohistochemistry and studied with darkfield microscopy, demonstrated bidirectional HRP labeling of the afferents and efferents of this cortical area. It was evident that among the entire scope of its inputs, the FEF received a prominent afferent projection from the nucleus of the optic tract (NOT, nucleus limitans) and the suprageniculate nucleus, and projected to a medial subdivision of NOT, sublentiform nucleus, nucleus of the pretectal area, nucleus of the posterior commissure, and the rostral periaqueductal gray. The direct afferent projections to FEF from NOT could provide a route for visual input to reach FEF via the pretectum without first going to the visual cortex. The efferents probably represent the pathway through which FEF influences pupillary dynamics known to accompany, or occur independently of, eye movements. PMID- 7119151 TI - Innervation of avian latissimus dorsi muscles and axonal outgrowth pattern in the posterior latissimus dorsi motor nerve during embryonic development. AB - The distribution of the innervation to the anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) and posterior latissimus dorsi (PLD) muscles of the chicken are described on the day of hatching and 6 weeks later using electron microscopy. In the ALD muscle, there are 5,000 muscle fibres and 374,000 endplates supplied by about 169 skeletomotor axons; in the PLD muscle, there are 12,000 focally innervated muscle fibers supplied by about 20 skeletomotor axons. On the cell surface of the muscle fibers the mean total subsynaptic area contacted by each motor axon is comparable in the ALD and PLD muscles. The growth pattern of the axons in the PLD motor nerve was described from the ninth day in ovo up to 6 weeks after hatching. The axons arrive in the PLD muscle in two successive waves: first, the large somatic axons which are already present before the ninth day in ovo and second, the small autonomic axons which continue to accumulate until hatching. The total number of somatic axons decreases from the ninth day until the hatching day when it reaches its definitive value. This decrease takes place during a period when the numbers of myofibers and of endplates dramatically increase, and it coincides with the axonal segregation by the Schwann cells. The myelination of the axons starts on the 15th day in ovo and is essentially complete upon hatching. Despite the decreasing number of somatic axons in the PLD nerve, the decrease in number of nerve endings per PLD endplate and the increasing number of PLD endplates per PLD muscle, it was found that between the 16th day in ovo and 6 weeks after hatching the mean number of axonal branches per PLD motor axon does not decrease. PMID- 7119153 TI - Morphology and laminar distribution of nonpyramidal neurons in the auditory cortex of the rabbit. AB - A study of the morphology and laminar distribution of nonpyramidal neurons in Golgi-Nissl preparations of electrophysiologically verified auditory cortex was carried out in the adult rabbit. Nonpyramidal neurons were located primarily within laminae I-IV and were only infrequently seen in lamina V and VI. In lamina I, four nonpyramidal cell types were observed: (1) small, spine-free horizontal neurons, (2) small, sparsely spined multipolar neurons with radiate dendrites, (3) large, multipolar neurons with fusiform somata and vertically aligned, sparsely spined dendrites, and (4) small, spine-free neurogliform neurons. The horizontal and small multipolar neurons had tangentially running axons confined to lamina I. The large, fusiform cells had descending axons which arborized in lamina II and occasionally reached lamina III. In lamina II and the upper part of lamina III, seven nonpyramidal cell types were observed: (1) spine-free bipolar neurons with vertically aligned dendrites and axonal arbors; (2) large, (3) medium, and (4) small, spine-free and sparsely spined multipolar neurons, all with locally ramifying axons; (5) pear-shaped cells with highly oriented dendrites which branched toward the pial surface and vertically arborizing axons; (6) multipolar cells with tangentially and vertically oriented dendrites and ascending axons which entered lamina I, and (7) tufted cells with local axons. Three types of nonpyramidal cells were observed in lamina IV and the lower part of lamina III: (1) large, multipolar cells with radiate, spine-free dendrites and stout axons which arborized locally, (2) spiny multipolar cells with vertically aligned dendrites and ascending axons which arborized in lamina II and III via long horizontal collaterals, and (3) spine-free bipolar cells with vertical dendrites and axons which arborized in a narrow vertical column adjacent to the dendrites. Nonpyramidal neurons in lamina V and VI were primarily multipolar cells with sparsely spined and spine-free dendrites. A comparison of these data with those of other species indicates that the neuronal organization of the rabbit auditory cortex is similar to that of the sensory cortex of the rodent but is strikingly different from that of carnivores and primates. PMID- 7119154 TI - Electron microscopical observations on the indoleamine-accumulating neurons and their synaptic connections in the retina of the cat. AB - The distribution of indoleamine-accumulating amacrine cells and their synaptic connections in the retina of the cat were analyzed in the fluorescence, phase contrast, and electron microscopes. The findings were compared to recently characterized morphological subclasses of amacrine cells. The indoleamine accumulating neurons were visualized after labeling with an exogenous indoleamine, 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine. The intravitreal injection of the labeling drug was preceded by treatment with the neurotoxic dopamine-analogue, 6 hydroxydopamine, in order to destroy the otherwise interfering dopaminergic processes. The analysis in the fluorescence and phase-contrast microscopes confirmed earlier reports that the indoleamine-accumulating cell bodies and processes have a redistribution consistent with that of amacrine cells. A stratified branching pattern of the indoleamine-accumulating processes in the outer half of the inner plexiform layer was discovered. In the inner half of that layer the branching pattern is diffuse. In the electron microscope the indoleamine-accumulating neurons were seen to have synapses fo the conventional type. Their main synaptic contacts are reciprocal synapses with rod bipolar terminals in sublamina b of the inner plexiform layer. They also have synapses with flat cone bipolar terminals in sublamina a, and occasionally with amacrine cells and ganglion cells throughout the inner plexiform layer. Synapses with invaginating cone bipolar terminals, in sublamina b, appear to be rare. The synaptic arrangement with reciprocal synapses with rod bipolar terminals is similar to that of the recently reported AI amacrine cells. It is also similar to that of the indoleamine-accumulating neurons in the retinae of other mammals investigated earlier. PMID- 7119152 TI - Basal ganglia pathways to the tectum: the afferent and efferent connections of the lateral spiriform nucleus of pigeon. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that the lateral spiriform nucleus (SpL) of the avian pretectum receives a major input from the ipsilateral basal ganglia (Karten and Dubbeldam, '73) and projects to the ipsilateral optic tectum (Brecha et al., '76). The present study has further detailed the anatomical organization of the afferent and efferent connections of SpL, with particular reference to (1) the sources of afferent inputs to SpL, (2) the projection targets of SpL, and (3) the laminar termination pattern of the SpL projection to the tectum. The SpL was found to receive clear-cut major inputs from only three nuclei: (1) the ipsilateral paleostriatum primitivum (PP) of the basal ganglia (the avian homologue of the mammalian globus pallidus), (2) the ipsilateral anterior nucleus of the ansa lenticularis (ALa) of the diencephalon, and (3) the ipsilateral nucleus tegmentipedunculopontinus (TPc) of the mesencephalon. Both TPc and ALa have previously been noted themselves to receive major inputs from the ipsilateral PP (Karten and Dubbeldam, '73). Two other cell groups may give rise to a slight projection to the ipsilateral SpL: (1) the posterior nucleus of the ansa lenticularis (ALp) of the diencephalon and (2) the nucleus semilunaris (SLu) of the isthmic brainstem. The ALp also receives a major input from PP (Karten and Dubbeldam, '73). Two other cell groups may give rise to a slight projection to the ipsilateral SpL: (1) the posterior nucleus of the ansa lenticularis (ALp) of the diencephalon and (2) the nucleus semilunaris (SLu) of the isthmic brainstem. The ALp also receives a major input from PP (Karten and Dubbeldam, '73), while SLu receives a major tectal projection (Hunt and Kunzle, '76a). The ipsilateral tectum was found to be the only projection target of SpL. The present data suggest that the SpL projection to the tectum is restricted to layers 8-13, with layers 11-13 receiving the heaviest projection from SpL. Among layers 8-10, layer 9 receives the lightest projection from SpL. The present results indicate that SpL receives only a limited number of inputs, which in all likelihood relay largely basal ganglia input to SpL. Since SpL projects only to the tectum, the sole function of SpL apparently is the transmission of ipsilateral basal ganglia influences to the avian optic tectum. Tectal layers 8-15 have been previously found to represent the layers of origin of the descending pathways of the avian tectum to hindbrain motor and "premotor" cell groups (Reiner and Karten, '82). In view of the purported involvement of the basal ganglia in motor functions, the basal ganglia pathway to the ipsilateral tectum via SpL may represent a major route by which the avian basal ganglia exert influences over motor functions. PMID- 7119155 TI - Mature Purkinje cells in cerebellar tissue cultures: an ultrastructural study. AB - Mature Purkinje cells in mouse cerebellar tissue cultures were morphologically analyzed by electron microscopy. Explants maintained for 19 to 31 days in vitro contained Purkinje cells that were similar in most respects to those described in vivo except for incomplete arborization of the dendritic trees. Typical features included (1) absence of Purkinje cell perisomatic spines; (2) a paucity of naked Purkinje cell dendritic spines; (3) a 1:1 relationship of Purkinje cell dendritic spines to parallel fiber terminals; and (4) almost complete astroglial investment of Purkinje cell somata and dendrites. Minimal extracellular space was present in the neuropil of the explants and unusual synapses involving Purkinje cells were absent. Atypical features described by some investigators may be a function of retarded development in suboptimal culture conditions and do not represent the limit of tissue culture methodology. PMID- 7119156 TI - Ontogeny of the neurotensin-containing neuron system of the rat: immunohistochemical analysis. I. Forebrain and diencephalon. AB - The ontogeny of the neurotensin (NT) neuron system in the forebrain and diencephalon of the rat was investigated by means of indirect immunofluorescence. NT-positive structures first appear in the primordium of the olfactory bulb, anterior amygdaloid area, piriform cortex, amygdaloid complex, nucleus tractus diagonalis, lateral preoptic area, and lateral hypothalamus, etc., of the fetus of gestational day 16. From this day, NT-positive structures appear gradually in various areas of the forebrain and diencephalon and reach their maximum content on postnatal day 7. In contrast, NT-positive structures decrease slightly in number as the rat grows. However, even in adult rats, numerous NT-positive structures are still identifiable in various areas of the forebrain and diencephalon. PMID- 7119157 TI - Effect of morphine on 3H-thymidine incorporation in the subependyma of the rat: an autoradiographic study. AB - Following morphine treatment, an autoradiographic study investigated the uptake of 3H-thymidine by the subependymal cells in the rat brain. 3H-thymidine was administered subcutaneously to adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats 30 minutes after saline or morphine (19 mg/kg) injection. The animals were sacrified 1 hour after 3H-thymidine administration. In some experiments the opioid antagonist, naloxone, was given alone 45 minutes before 3H-thymidine or 125 minutes before morphine treatment. Three areas of the subependyma were evaluated in terms of the percentage labeled cells and number of grains per nucleus, and a dorsal-to ventral gradiant was described. Morphine treatment significantly increased the number of 3H-thymidine labeled subependymal cells and number of grains/nucleus within labeled cells. Examination of the distribution of grains/nucleus showed that morphine-treated animals had significantly more cells labeled with 30 or more grains than did saline-injected controls. Prior administration of naloxone blocked the increased 3H-thymidine uptake in morphine-treated animals but had no significant influence on cell proliferation when administered alone. The data are discussed in terms of morphine's possible dual influence on mechanisms which enhance cell transition from G to S phase and/or which accelerate DNA synthesis once these cells have entered the S phase of cell replication. PMID- 7119158 TI - The corticopontine system in the rat. I. Mapping of corticopontine neurons. AB - The expanse of cerebral cortex containing corticopontine neurons was explored in rats. The retrograde tracer horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was iontophoresed into subdivisions of the pontine nuclei (PN). The densest projection was seen to originate from somatosensory and motor areas. Visual areas also provide a major contigent of corticopontine neurons, whereas auditory areas appear to have only a minor projection. Consistent labeling of cells was also seen in the granular cingulate cortex, especially in the junction region of anterior and posterior cingulate cortex. This and a sparse projection from dorsal and posterior "insular" cortex (rhinal sulcus) have not been described in detail in previous studies. PMID- 7119159 TI - The corticopontine system in the rat. II. The projection pattern. AB - The projection from various cortical areas to the pontine nuclei (PN) of rats was investigated with anterograde tracing methods. As a general topological rule, a medial to lateral succession of the PN projection fields from the motor, somatosensory, and visual cortices was observed. Apart from the main "private" projections, each cortical area was found to send fibers also to disjunctive "extra-projection" territories which receive convergent inputs from two or more cortical areas. The sensorimotor and visual cortices provide the bulk of corticofugal fibers, but contributions from the following association areas were noted: frontal cortex, (dependent of the thalamic mediodorsal nucleus), rhinal sulcus region, and cingulate cortex. PMID- 7119160 TI - Indirect visual cortical input to the deep layers of the hamster's superior colliculus via the basal ganglia. AB - Anterograde and retrograde tracing techniques were employed to delineate the organization of a visual cortical input to the deep layers of the hamster's superior colliculus which may be mediated by links in the striatum and substantia nigra. Autoradiographic experiments showed that areas 17, 18a, and the cortex medial to area 17 (areas 18b and 29) all projected to the dorsocaudal part of the ipsilateral striatum. This projection was organized so that the rostrocaudal axis of the visual cortex was represented along the antero posterior axis of the striatum. Large posterior neocortical injections which included all of these areas also revealed a weak, crossed corticostriatal pathway. Such injections also demonstrated clear discontinuities in the terminal distribution of the visual corticostriatal projection, similar to those which have been noted after injections of tracers into the motor and premotor cortices. Retrograde tracing experiments showed that the cells of origin of the visual cortical projections to the striatum were medium-sized pyramidal neurons located primarily in the upper portion of lamina V. Anterograde transport of [3H]-leucine and HRP showed that the portion of the striatum heavily innervated by the visual cortex projected to the part of substantial nigra, pars reticulata immediately adjacent to the cerebral peduncle. Injections in the rostral striatum labeled more medial portions of this nucleus. The cells of origin of the striatonigral pathway measured between 13 and 20 micrometers in diameter and they were located primarily in the dorsal and lateral parts of the striatum. Anterograde tracing after substantia nigra, pars reticulata injections revealed a projection to both superior colliculi. The uncrossed pathway terminated primarily as a series of patches throughout the mediolateral and rostrocaudal extents of the lower stratum griseum intermediale and stratum album intermedium. Labeling was also visible in the lateral portion of the stratum griseum profundum. The crossed nigrotectal pathway terminated primarily in the rostrolateral stratum griseum profundum. The cells of origin of the nigrocollicular pathway were fusiform or multipolar cells and were located primarily adjacent to the cerebral peduncle throughout the rostral half of the substantias nigra, par reticulata. PMID- 7119161 TI - Regional (14C) 2-deoxyglucose uptake during vibrissae movements evoked by rat motor cortex stimulation. AB - Repetitive left mystacial vibrissae movements were produced by electrical stimulation of right motor cortex (MI) were a bipolar electrode in the alert, unanesthetized rat. Regional increases of (14C) 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) uptake were mapped autoradiographically during these left vibrissae movements. Uptake of 2DG increased in a 2-4-mm-diameter area about the stimulating electrode in right MI and in a smaller region in left MI cortex. Columnar increases of 2DG uptake occurred bilaterally in somatosensory cortex in the face region of somatosensory cortex (SI). Bilateral increases of 2DG uptake occurred subcortically in dorsolateral caudate-putamen (CP) and subthalamic nucleus. Primary right-sided increases of 2DG uptake occurred in other basal ganglia structures including dorsal globus pallidus (GP), posterior, entopeduncular nucleus (EPN), ventrolateral substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), and anterolateral substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Uptake of 2DG increased on the right side of the following thalamic regions: much of the ventrolateral (VL) nucleus, particularly dorsally; the anterodorsal reticular nucleus; dorsolateral posteromedial (POm) nucleus; the ventromedial nucleus; and dorsolateral parafasicular nucleus. The anterior and ventral posterior portions of VL were not activated. Caudal to thalamus right-sided 2DG uptake increased in the medial, ventral, and lateral pontine nuclei, deep layers of superior colliculus, lateral deep mesencephalic nucleus (DMN), and nucleus cuneiformis (NCU). UPtake of 2DG increased in right rostral parvocellular and red nucleus in a few animals. Discrete portions of the right internal capsule and right medial pyramidal tract increased 2DG uptake during MI stimulation. Uptake of 2DG increased on the left side of the brain during right MI stimulation in the left lateral nucleus (NL) of cerebellum and in several discrete regions of left cerebellar hemisphere granule cells including anterior paravermis, lobulus simplex, crus II, and the paramedian lobule. Uptake of 2DG increased in left nucleus of the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve (ntV) ventrally in subnuclei interpolaris and oralis. Left lateral portions of the facial nucleus were activated in a few animals. The lateral portions of the facial nucleus are known to project to vibrissae musculature. All of the above structures may be involved in the motor-sensory processing responsible for vibrissae movements. Regions not previously suggested to play a major role in vibrissae movements include DMN and NCU. Though NCU has been called the "locomotor center" it may play a role in facial movements as well. Polysynaptic activation of GP, EPN, NL, and cerebellar hemisphere occurred since no connections between MI and these regions exist. A pathway from ntV to POm to MI and SI is suggested to provide proprioceptive input to motor-sensory cortex from the moving vibrissae since neither the principal trigeminal sensory nucleus nor the ventrobasal nucleus of the thalamus increased 2DG uptake during MI stimulation. PMID- 7119162 TI - A study of the extrinsic innervation of the guinea pig pylorus with the horseradish peroxidase tracing technique. AB - The extrinsic innervation of the guinea pig pylorus was studied by the use of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) tracing technique. Forty-eight hours after injection of HRP into the pyloric sphincter labeled neurons of varying sizes were found throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the dorsal motor nuclei of the vagus. No HRP positive cells were seen in the medial solitary nuclei or the ambiguous nuclei. Many HRP-positive cells were observed in the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion complex. Occasional cells in the superior cervical and stellate ganglia were also labeled. When the vagal ganglia were analyzed many enzyme-containing cells were found in the nodose ganglia and some cells in the jugular ganglia. Furthermore, about 15-20% of the labeled afferent neurons were located in dorsal root ganglia on both sides, with the majority of cells at the T5--T10 levels. The results are discussed in relation to recent transmitter histochemical findings as well as possible functional roles of the neurons. PMID- 7119163 TI - Identified motor neurons in the cockroach exhibit stereotypic peripheral branching and nerve terminal structure. AB - The peripheral branching of the identified motor neurons Df and Ds which innervate the coxal depressor muscles in the legs of cockroaches was examined using the anterograde transport of a cobaltic-lysine complex and the retrograde transport of cobaltous ion or horseradish peroxidase. In all animals the axons of these motor neurons leave the ganglion in the dorsal portion of nerve root 5 and undergo a 180 degree spiral that brings them directly to the first branch. They leave the nerve root at this branch to innervate the muscles. The pattern of branching of Df within muscles 178 and 179 was highly stereotyped with little variability being observed among identical and homologous muscles within the same and different individuals. The great extent of the neuronal branching within the muscles suggests that a relatively large percentage of the surface area of the muscle fibers is involved in intercellular interactions with the motor neurons. The two motor neurons could also be distinguished by the structure of their axon terminals. Those of Df were beaded and extended either parallel or perpendicular to the muscle fiber. those of Ds were thinner, wavy, less regular, and appeared with a greater frequency. Identified neurons may therefore be further characterized by their stereotypical peripheral branching and axon terminal structure. PMID- 7119164 TI - Ultrastructure of the paraphysis cerebri of the water snake Natrix maura L. AB - Paraphyseal epithelial cells of Natrix maura have been studied with light and electron microscopy. They showed a clear polarity apically related to the third ventricle and, basally, to a connective tissue layer which surrounded the whole organ. The apical surface of the cells, attached by junctional complexes, showed many microvilli, scarce cilia, and some pinocytotic coated vesicles. In their apical cytoplasm many mitochondria and a well-developed golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum were observed. Whereas lamellar bodies were abundant and closely related with mitochondria, glycogen particles were absent. Basal cell membrane showed infoldings where pinocytotic coated vesicles were detected. In the connective tissue layer, fenestrated sinusoids and fibrocytes, as well as rare unmyelinated nerve fibers engulfed by Schwann cells, were present. The possible active role of paraphyseal cells in exchanging substances between cerebrospinal fluid and blood is discussed. PMID- 7119165 TI - Morphology of the substantia nigra pars reticulata projection neurons intracellularly labeled with HRP. AB - The technique of intracellular recording and staining of the same neuron with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used to study the soma-dendritic and axonal morphology of nigrothalamic and nigrotectal cells in the rats. The nigrothalamic and nigrotectal cells were spread throughout the dorsoventral extent of the pars reticulata (SNR) and exhibited the same soma-dendritic and axonal features. Both populations consisted of medium-sized and large cells with extensive dendritic fields overlapping in all three directions. Their axons collateralized within the substantia nigra (SN) and in the mesencephalic tegmentum. The intrinsic collaterals were thin and branched partly within the dendritic field of a parent cell partly in remote regions of the SNR, and even in the pars compacta (SNC). The extrinsic branches involved thin arborizations in the rostroventral mesencephalic reticular substance and thicker descending and ascending collaterals. This material was supplemented by physiologically nonidentified HRP stained medium-sized and large neurons located in the SNR. The two kinds displayed the same extent and orientation of their dendrites but the branching patterns differed slightly. Proximal dendrites of all cells were coarse and smooth; thinner distal dendrites had varicosities and spinelike appendages. Some dendrites, specially those near the crus cerebri, terminated in dendritic thickets bearing many pleomorphic appendages. The orientation of dendritic fields varied with dorsoventral position of cells within the SNR. The most ventral region of the SNR contained neurons with dendrites oriented parallel to the crus cerebri and thus remained confined to the deepest stratum. The dendrites of cells in the central region of SNR were oriented mainly anteroposteriorly and ventrally, the ventral dendrites terminating in the ventralmost layer. Cells in the dorsolateral part of the SNR were characterized by the large dorsoventral extent of their dendrites which penetrated the entire thickness of SN. This variation in the arrangement of dendritic fields indicates that the SN is organized in three dorsoventral layers. PMID- 7119166 TI - Comparison of the morphology of physiologically identified abducens motor and internuclear neurons in the cat: a light microscopic study employing the intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase. AB - Abducens motoneurons and internuclear neurons were identified electrophysiologically in anesthesized, paralyzed cats and stained by intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase. Neurons were reconstructed and surface area of selected cells measured by light microscopy. Surface area of motoneurons and internuclear neuron with similar soma size and shape were roughly comparable. Dendrites of motoneurons were highly tapered and highly branched. By contrast, dendrites of internuclear neurons were less tapered and less branched. Axons of motoneurons had no collaterals within the brainstem. Internuclear axons crossed the midline at the level of their parent somata and ascended in the medial longitudinal fasciculus toward the oculomotor nucleus. Approximately 30% of the internuclear axons branched in the contralateral medial longitudinal fasciculus sending a fine collateral caudal toward the prepositus hypoglossi nucleus. The results suggest that, on the average, structural correlates of injected neurons (i.e., soma-dendritic morphology) can account at least in part for the earlier firing and higher intraburst frequencies of internuclear neurons versus motoneurons during on-direction rapid eye movements in alert cats. PMID- 7119167 TI - Anatomy of the isolated area dentata grown in the rat anterior eye chamber. PMID- 7119168 TI - Cytoarchitecture of the central amygdaloid nucleus of the rat. AB - Since recent studies indicate that distinct neuropeptides and projections are associated with discrete portions of the central amygdaloid nucleus (CN), a detailed investigation of the cytoarchitecture of CN should contribute to an understanding of its organization. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the rat CN using Nissl, Kluver-Barrera, and Golgi techniques suggests that it consists of four subdivisions. The medial subdivision (CM), which is closely associated with the stria terminalis, is narrow caudally but enlarges near the rostral pole of CN. Most neurons in CM have long dendrites that branch sparingly and have a moderate number of dendritic spines. A smaller number of CM neurons have thick dendrites with virtually no spines. Lateral to CM is the lateral subdivision (CL) which appears round in coronal sections. Neurons of CL have a very dense covering of dendritic spines and resemble medium-size spiny neurons of the striatum. Area X of Hall contains spiny neurons similar to those of CL and spine-sparse neurons that resemble medium-size spine-sparse cells of the striatum. Since area X encapsulates the lateral aspect of CL, it is termed the lateral capsular subdivision (CLC) of CN. The lateral capsular subdivision enlarges rostrally and is divided into dorsal and ventral portions by a laminar extension of the putamen. Near the rostral pole of CN a small region of tightly packed, intensely stained neurons is interposed between CL and CM. Golgi preparations reveal that this intermediate subdivision (CI) of CN contains neurons similar to those of CM. The lateral subdivision, CLC, and CM correspond, in part, to subdivisions recognized in previous Nissl studies. The intermediate subdivision has not been recognized as a distinct subdivision in previous investigations. This is the first Golgi study to recognize differences in neuronal morphology in particular subdivisions of the rat CN. The correlation of Nissl and Golgi preparations has permitted a more accurate determination of the boundaries and total extent of each subdivision than the use of Nissl techniques alone. PMID- 7119169 TI - Laminar organization of mitral and tufted cells in the main olfactory bulb of the adult hamster. PMID- 7119170 TI - A Golgi study of the medial geniculate body in the tree shrew (Tupaia glis). AB - The subdivisions of the medial geniculate body in Tupaia recognized in previous connectional and cytoarchitectural studies are identified in Golgi-impregnated material. They may be distinguished by the organization of the neuropil, especially the dendrites, and, in many cases, by differences in the neurons. The ventral nucleus contains tufted cells with disc-shaped dendritic fields which are aligned to form laminae. The caudomarginal and deep dorsal nuclei have less tufted, less precisely arranged cells with longer, thin appendages. Neurons in the suprageniculate and dorsal nuclei are similar except that they apparently are arranged more randomly and tend to have more spherically shaped dendritic fields. The medial division is characterized rostrally by the presence of stellate cells and caudally by large cells which appear to be the neurons, observed in previous studies to have widespread connections. The results of this Golgi study suggest that the subdivisions of the medial geniculate body might be grouped differently than in previous reports. When combined with data from previous studies of connections, the results show that the medial geniculate body of even distantly related species may follow a common plan. The ventral nucleus is the medial geniculate component of the central pathway which extends from the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus to the primary auditory cortex. Most of the other medial geniculate subdivisions participate in either pericentral pathways originating in the cortex and other nuclei which surround the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus or in the pathways of the lateral midbrain tegmentum. Pericentral and lateral tegmental pathways terminate in non-primary auditory cortex. The widespread pathway involves only the caudal nucleus of the medial division. It receives afferents from most, if not all, of the midbrain regions that give rise to the other pathways and distributes to all parts of the auditory cortex where it terminated in layers other than layer III-IV. PMID- 7119171 TI - A HRP study of the relation between cell size and motor unit type in cat ankle extensor motoneurons. AB - The dimensions of the somata and stem dendrites of 57 alpha- and three gamma motoneurons, identified as to motor unit type and labeled by intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase, were measured in the triceps surae and plantaris motor pools. The somata of type S motoneurons tended to be smaller (mean diameter 47.9 micrometers) than those of FF and FR units (52.5 and 53.1 micrometer, respectively) but these mean values were not significantly different and the data distributions showed considerable overlap between the unit types. The mean numbers and diameters of stem dendrites exhibited somewhat larger differences related to motor unit type and some of these were statistically significant. The total membrane area (AN) of each cell was estimated from measurements of the soma and stem dendrites, by using recent data and Ulfhake and Kellerth ('81) to calculate the membrane area of a dendritic tree from stem dendrite diameter. Mean AN varied with motor unit type in the sequence FF greater than FR greater than S (average values: 369 X 100(3) micrometers 2, 323 X 100(3) micrometers 2, and 250 X 100(3) micrometers 2, respectively). There was covariation between AN and the conduction velocity of the motor axon as well as with the force output from the muscle unit. Comparison of AN and motoneuron input resistance (RN) in 19 alpha-motoneurons suggested that the specific resistivity of the cell membrane in type S motoneurons was systematically higher than that characteristic of type FF or FR motoneurons. PMID- 7119174 TI - Topography between the entorhinal cortex and the dentate septotemporal axis in rats: I. Medial and intermediate entorhinal projecting cells. AB - Retrograde tracing experiments were performed to clarify the topographic projection from medial (area 28m) and intermediate (area 28i) divisions of the entorhinal cortex to the dentate gyrus. Pipets filled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were positioned by electrophysiologic guidance at one of several septotemporal (S-T) levels in the dentate molecular layer of anesthetized rats; the tracer was expelled iontrophoretically to minimize its spread. Retrograde labeling of neurons within areas 28m and 28i was analyzed in relation to cytoarchitectonic as well as spatial features of the region (obtained by histologic reconstruction). Regardless of the S-T level, ejections of HRP which were confined to the dentate gyrus labeled only layer II neurons of each area. Following septal pole ejections, labeled neurons were located in the posterolateral, extreme posterior, and posteromedial parts of both areas 28m and 28i. Mid S-T ejections produced not only a ventral, but also an anteromedial, shift in the location of entorhinal projection cells; no cells were labeled posterolaterally. After temporal dentate ejections labeled neurons occupied the most anteromedial part of these entorhinal areas. For both areas, but especially for area 28i, convergence of entorhinal efferents upon a single S-T level in the dentate gyrus occurred from neurons which lay in a dorsoventral (i.e., frontal), and to a lesser extent a rostrocaudal, plane. The efferent axes of both areas 28m and 28i thus appear to be curved and are therefore best described in three dimensions. The entorhinal axes begin in a posterodorsolateral location, wrap around the posterior cortical convexity, and end in an anteroventromedial position. The results provide a useful map for in situ exploration of entorhinodentate connections in the rat, emphasize the parallel innervation of the dentate gyrus by distinct entorhinal fiber systems, and reflect the importance of the S-T axis as a framework for interpreting hippocampal organization. PMID- 7119173 TI - Anatomical binding of intrinsic connections in striate cortex of tree shrews (Tupaia glis). AB - The intrinsic connectivity of striate cortex was investigated by injecting horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into this area in tree shrews. Such HRP injections demonstrated periodically organized, stripelike connections within area 17. These stripes occur in layers I-IIIA and consist of a small number or retrogradely filled neurons, some clearly pyramidal, together with HRP-labeled axon terminals. HRP-filled axons trunks run between labeled stripes, interconnecting adjacent and distant regions of the stripe pattern. Correlation with Golgi-stained tissue suggests that these stripes are horizontally interconnected by pyramidal neurons with long intracortical axon collaterals (followed for distances over 1 mm from the soma). The HRP-labeled strips measure about 230 micrometers in width, with a center-to-center repeat distance of 450--500 micrometers. They have been mapped over an 8 mm2 area of striate cortex and would thus seem capable of effecting lateral interactions over considerable portions of the retinotopic map. In their dimensions and overall pattern, these anatomical stripes resemble the 2 deoxyglucose (2-DG) bands resulting from visual stimulation of trees shrews with stripes of a single orientation. While the functional role of the HRP-labeled stripes is unclear, their similarities with the 2-DG pattern raise the intriguing possibility that they may be related to orientation selectivity. The striking regularity of these extensive lateral interconnections emphasizes the importance of horizontal intralaminar connections within the cortex. PMID- 7119172 TI - Subcortical structures projecting to visual cortical areas in squirrel monkey. AB - In 17 adult squirrel monkeys (Saimiri), horseradish peroxidase was used as a retrograde tracer substance to reveal the subcortical structures (other than the lateral geniculate nucleus and pulvinar) which project to the occipital lobe, and, in particular, to the central visual field representation in areas, 17, 18, 19, and MT. Evidence is provided that each of areas 17, 18, and MT receives a projection from locus coeruleus, nucleus dorsalis raphae, nucleus annularis, nucleus centralis superior, formation reticularis pontis oralis, nucleus basalis of Meynert, lateral hypothalamus, claustrum, and nuclei paracentralis and centralis medialis thalami. Area 19 receives a projection from all these structures except from the nucleus annularis. Only area MT was determined to be a target of a projection from the nucleus linearis. For technical reasons, only area MT was determined to receive afferent fibers from the nucleus basalis lateralis amygdalae. The results indicate that there is no topographical organization of subcortical inputs to the central visual field representation in individual cortical areas. PMID- 7119175 TI - Pretraining septal driving of hippocampal rhythmic slow activity facilitates acquisition of visual discrimination. AB - Studies have shown hippocampal rhythmic slow activity (H-RSA) to reflect both learning and memory processes across a variety of species and conditioning procedures. In order to investigate these relations further. H-RSA was manipulated by medial septal (MS) stimulation directly before training rats for light/dark discrimination in a T-maze. Rats that had H-RSA increased learned the discrimination significantly faster than those that had H-RSA blocked and control rats. In addition, increase in H-RSA before training was found to correlate with speed of learning. The evidence of this study is consistent with results of other studies showing septal-hippocampal interaction during learning. The results also support the view that H-RSA may be a neurophysiological representation of learning and memory processes. PMID- 7119176 TI - Cholinergic receptor blockade impairs spatial localization by use of distal cues in the rat. AB - Spatial localization was studied in the Morris water maze. The task required rats to escape from cool water (made opaque by milk) by finding a submerged, invisible platform located at a fixed place within the room. The start point was varied randomly, and there was no local cues to indicate the position of the platform. After training, the platform was moved. Rats subjected to central cholinergic receptor blockade with atropine sulfate were compared with normal rats and rats receiving peripheral cholinergic blockade with atropine methylnitrate. The controls for the use of search strategies, as compared with spatial mapping, were a group of blind rats and a group of rats for which the platform was moved from trial to trial. Measures of escape latency, swim distance, initial heading error, posttrial rearing on the platform, and search strategy after platform displacement revealed that the control rats and the atropine methylnitrate rats used a spatial mapping strategy to locate the platform. The atropine sulfate treated rats adopted a search strategy like that of the blind rats and the rats for which the platform was randomly moved: Their escape latency and swimming distance decreased across trials, including reversal trials, but their initial heading errors remained unchanged. The results support the idea that central cholinergic systems are important for spatial mapping, which demands the use of distal visual cues, but not for spatial localization, which requires other search strategies and possibly the use of proximal tactile, kinesthetic, and visual cues. Consistent with this idea, certain features of the atropine sulfate treated rats' behavior also suggested a novel explantation for some aspects of atropine stereotypies. PMID- 7119177 TI - Failure by deprived hamsters to increase food intake: some behavioral and physiological determinants. AB - A series of experiments was performed to further understand the behavioral and physiological determinants of postfast anorexia in golden hamsters. Postfast anorexia and/or the failure to adapt to a feeding schedule was not restricted to a particular photoperiod condition or strain of hamster. The anorexia was also observed with a liquid diet, but hamsters were able to show large increases in water intake on a water deprivation schedule. When the animals were group housed, they pouched food during scheduled feeds and ate it later: Meal size was not increased. Measures of gastric fill and plasma metabolites indicated that filling and emptying of the forestomach may occur with a periodicity similar to that of spontaneous meals, and the data were consistent with strong peripheral satiation/satiety mechanisms in this species. PMID- 7119179 TI - Contribution of the rat's neocortex to ingestive control: I. Latent learning for the taste of sodium chloride. AB - Neocortical mechanisms do not directly contribute to the execution of taste discrimination, sodium appetite, or the acquisition of a taste aversion in the rat. Examination of previous studies led to the question of whether some permanent ingestive control deficit would be revealed if elements of these experimental paradigms were combined. A latent learning paradigm for the taste of salt was applied to decorticate rats. The ability of decorticate rats to associate how they obtained the taste of NaCl when sodium replete was assessed by examining bar presses during extinction when sodium depleted. Intact rats exposed to 4-6 hr of NaCl taste training retained the association after decortication; decorticate rats exposed to the same training acquired the association. What was most striking was that decorticate rats exposed to as little as 2 min of NaCl taste training demonstrated the ability to associate bar pressing with NaCl by their resistance to extinction. The association was specific to NaCl training; training with distilled water or KCl did not yield resistance to extinction during sodium depletion. Subcortical structures are therefore adequate for latent learning involving NaCl taste. Conversely, data of other investigators have revealed that the neocortex is required for the retention of taste aversion learning for the same taste. PMID- 7119178 TI - Adipsia produced by lateral hypothalamic lesions: facilitation of recovery by preoperative restriction of water intake. AB - Following lesions in the lateral hypothalamic area, animals failed to drink water for several postoperative days. This dysfunction was attenuated or prevented completely in rats that were subjected preoperatively to a restricted daily watering regimen. Postoperative drinking was vigorous and was not feeding associated. Reactivity to sensory stimuli was enhanced both pre- and postoperatively, particularly to stimuli associated with water. Larger lesions produced longer periods of adipsia which were resistant to the preoperative regimen. Restricted watering may exert its protective action by means of several central and peripheral mechanisms, but a behavioral/physiological conditioning hypothesis is emphasized. PMID- 7119180 TI - Behavior of sodium-deficient rats: the search for a salty taste. AB - Sodium-deficient rats display an appetite for solutions that humans judge as salty tasting whether or not the solutions contain sodium salts. When offered a choice between a pair of sodium salts, sodium-deficient rats generally preferred the more salty tasting. They tended to do the same for a pair of non-sodium salts and for a pair of sodium and non-sodium salts. The results show that human psychophysical judgments of saltiness are a good predictor of the choices that rats will make when sodium deficient--the more salty, the more preferred. The data support the thesis that the appetite of the sodium-deficient rat is not for sodium but for a salty taste. PMID- 7119181 TI - Effects of estradiol benzoate and MER-25 on ethanol consumption in the ovariectomized rat. AB - Daily injections of estradiol benzoate (EB) administered to ovariectomized rats given continuous access to a 10% ethanol solution, to water, and to laboratory chow led to decreases in ethanol consumption. The suppression was transient; ethanol consumption returned to the level of oil-treated control animals after 14 days despite continued hormone administration. This pattern of change in ethanol consumption closely resembled previously reported effects of EB on food intake. It is proposed that a common mechanism was responsible for EB-induced suppression of both food and ethanol intake. Ethamoxytriphetol, MER-25, which antagonizes many estrogen-dependent effects but which mimics the action of EB on food intake, also led to decreases in ethanol consumption that paralleled those reported for food intake. These behavioral effects of EB and MEr-25 were shown not to be due to altered ethanol metabolism or to result from malaise developing out of an interaction between EB and ethanol. It is thus suggested that voluntary consumption of ethanol by the rat is largely due to its caloric content. The relevance of these results for several recent reports of decreased ethanol intake during pregnancy is discussed. PMID- 7119182 TI - Associative learning in neonatal rats revealed by cardiac response patterns. AB - Infant rat pups (3-4 days of age) that received a single pairing of a novel odor (CS) with illness later responded to the CS with sustained accelerations in heart rate (HR); a different novel odor evoked deceleratory HR responses. Control pups responded to the CS and the second novel odor with cardiac deceleration. In a second experiment, rat pups that received three pairings of a novel odor with a cold (10 degrees C) temperature reinforcement displayed a similar pattern of HR responses, i.e., acceleration to the CS and deceleration to the novel odor. Cardiac response patterns are a useful measure of learning in infant mammals. The directional modulations of HR found in these experiments compare favorably with previous interpretations of "orienting" and "defensive" reactions derived from studies of HR responses in humans. PMID- 7119183 TI - Spinal vacuum phenomenon: CT diagnosis and significance. AB - Spinal vacuum phenomenon may be encountered in many circumstances, such as degeneration of the intervertebral disk, disk injury, vertebral metastases, ischemic vertebral collapse, Schmorl's nodes, and infectious processes. The high spatial and densitometric resolution of computed tomography (CT) makes it possible to show gas in tissues with high frequency than by conventional radiography. In certain circumstances, the CT findings may be the decisive diagnostic element. PMID- 7119184 TI - Diagnostic difficulties in computed tomography of brain abscesses. AB - In a series of 26 patients with the final diagnosis of brain abscess, 24 initially presented with ring lesions on computed tomography (CT) and two with homogeneous areas of increased attenuation after intravenous contrast medium administration. Twelve had a finding, reported to be characteristic, with a center of low attenuation encircled by a smooth, thin contrast enhancing ring surrounded by marked edema. In 10 patients, the true nature of the lesion was not evident from the first CT examination. An atypical appearance with a thick walled irregular ring or areas with homogeneous increased attenuation indicated malignant tumor. Rapidly progressing changes of the CT appearance and/or supplementary clinical data permitted us to reach the exact diagnosis in most of these. Repeat studies were also valuable in the follow-up during and after conservative (antibiotic) or surgical treatment. PMID- 7119187 TI - Extraocular muscle enlargement in acromegaly. PMID- 7119186 TI - Cranial computed tomography in the tumorous stage of mycosis fungoides. AB - Central nervous system (CNS) involvement by mycosis fungoides (MF) is rare. This is especially true of metastatic parenchymal involvement. Findings in two patients having the tumorous stage of MF are described. Multiple, well delineated, homogeneously and markedly enhancing nodules were seen in these two patients. The computed tomographic (CT) features of CNS involvement by MF are not specific. The differential diagnosis is discussed. By using CT in patients with MF, we will eventually be able to determine the incidence of CNS involvement in this condition. PMID- 7119185 TI - Malignant lymphoma of the nervous system. AB - The radiological findings in 22 patients with malignant lymphoma of the nervous system are reviewed in relation to the clinical and histological features. The radiological findings were grouped into four major categories: intracranial, orbital, nasopharyngeal, and spinal. A fifth category, complications, was considered separately. The common neuroradiological manifestations of nervous system lymphoma are reviewed and compared with the recent literature. PMID- 7119188 TI - Normal in vivo eye dimensions by computed tomography. AB - In vivo measurements of the eye were obtained in 55 normal adults using computed tomography. Means and standard deviations were established for the maximum transverse and the maximum anteroposterior dimensions. Our data indicate that the widely used methods of Sweet and Pfeiffer-Comberg (for intraorbital foreign body localization) underestimate the actual in vivo dimensions of the eye. PMID- 7119189 TI - The role of high resolution computed tomography in evaluating disease of the middle ear. AB - Successful temporal bone imaging demands appropriate modifications of the computed tomography (CT) scanner. While CT has been shown to be useful for demonstrating the detailed anatomy of the temporal bone, its role in the evaluation of middle ear pathology has not been investigated. Selective cases are presented to highlight the advantages of CT. Computed tomography is excellent in demonstrating soft tissue masses in the middle ear in inflammatory disease. It is also useful in accurately localizing bony fragments in trauma, as well as determining the status of the ossicles. Disease solely involving the tympanic membrane can be diagnosed on CT without subjecting the patient to surgical exploration. PMID- 7119190 TI - The ethmoidal "polypoid mucocele". AB - Seven patients with polypoid mucoceles of the ethmoid sinuses were examined by computed tomography (CT). The findings in all cases were remarkably similar. This unique CT appearance has not been seen with malignancies and should be considered characteristic of this benign entity. PMID- 7119191 TI - Computed tomography of mediastinal bronchogenic cysts. AB - The computed tomographic (CT) findings in seven cases of mediastinal bronchogenic cysts were reviewed. Two showed homogeneous high density masses with CT numbers of 97 and 89 Hounsfield units (HU). One had a CT number of 40 HU. Four cases had low density masses with CT numbers ranging from -3 to 20 HU; however, two of these four low density masses had either high density outer walls or deposits. All but one of the patients' chest radiographs revealed similar water density masses. Radiographic evidence of calcium deposits was previously considered rare, but its demonstration with CT appears to be common in mediastinal bronchogenic cysts. PMID- 7119193 TI - Problems and pitfalls in the evaluation of thoracic aortic dissection by computed tomography. AB - Several conditions can lead to either false positive or false negative diagnoses of aortic dissection by computed tomography (CT) with intravenous administration of contrast medium. Insufficient contrast enhancement may cause intimal flaps to be missed, leading to a false negative diagnosis. False positive diagnoses result when extraaortic structures (e.g., mediastinal veins, pericardium, thickened pleura, and lung) are mistaken for false channels in the aorta. Superimposition of structures in thick CT slices may cause intimal calcifications to appear displaced. Streak artifacts across the descending aorta can resemble double aortic channels or intimal flaps. Fusiform aneurysms with thrombus are often hard to distinguish from thrombosed dissections by CT as well as by aortography. PMID- 7119192 TI - CT diagnosis of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations. AB - Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (AVM) are unusual congenital lesions that may cause respiratory disability. Two cases of AVMs were diagnosed utilizing contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT). The potential role of CT as compared to conventional angiography is discussed, and the characteristic CT appearance of these abnormalities is described. PMID- 7119194 TI - CT findings in Addison's disease. AB - The computed tomographic findings in five patients with depleted adrenal cortical reserve were evaluated. A single patient with idiopathic adrenal atrophy revealed small adrenal remnants bilaterally. Three patients with tuberculosis demonstrated dense calcification in one or both adrenal beds without evidence of normal glandular remnants. On patient and active histoplasmosis showed enlarged nonhomogeneous glands of normal contour, a possible clue in distinguishing acute granulomatous adrenalitis from primary or secondary intraadrenal tumors. PMID- 7119195 TI - Gastric wall thickening and extragastric inflammatory processes: a retrospective CT study. AB - A retrospective CT study was undertaken to evaluate nonneoplastic extragastric lesions associated with gastric wall thickening (GWT). A total of 70 cases was reviewed including 44 with acute pancreatitis, 6 with infected left upper quadrant fluid collections, and 20 with noninfected left upper quadrant fluid collections. Patients with acute pancreatitis and measurable gastric walls disclosed GWT in 67% of cases. All patients with infected left upper quadrant fluid collections (including abscesses and infected splenic hematomas) adjacent to the stomach exhibited GWT on computed tomography (CT). No patients with noninfected perigastric left upper quadrant fluid collections had GWT. Gastric wall thickening has been emphasized as an important feature in CT staging of gastric malignancies and has been noted in intrinsic gastric inflammatory disease. We conclude that extragastric inflammatory processes are commonly identified on CT and can be demonstrated to account for GWT, which appears to be a relatively sensitive and specific sign for distinguishing inflammatory from noninflammatory perigastric lesions. PMID- 7119198 TI - Computed tomography of adult polycystic disease. AB - Twenty-three cases of polycystic disease were reviewed. All were easily detected by computed tomography. All manifested diffuse, bilateral renal cystic disease, and 74% had demonstrable hepatic cystic disease. Computed tomography is more accurate than other conventional modalities in diagnosing renal cysts, and its simplicity of operation and ease of interpretation are unmatched. PMID- 7119197 TI - Focal hepatic fatty metamorphosis secondary to trauma. AB - Focal fatty metamorphosis of the liver is an entity that has recently been well described. This abnormality should be included in the differential computed tomographic (CT) diagnosis of lesions of decreased attenuation. In this paper, we report three cases in which blunt liver trauma (of varying degrees) resulted in focal fatty metamorphosis that was documented by CT. PMID- 7119199 TI - CT features of calcification in abdominal neuroblastoma. AB - The plan radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scans of 12 children with abdominal neuroblastoma were reviewed to evaluate the incidence and shape of calcification in the tumor. Calcifications were detected in 7 cases by plain radiographs and in 10 by CT. Small dotted and thin ring calcifications were better shown by CT. Ring calcification does not appear to be as rare as has been reported. It is emphasized that all ring calcifications in the vicinity of adrenal glands are not benign. PMID- 7119200 TI - Post-therapy CT-detected mass in lymphoma patients: is it viable tissue? AB - The demonstration by computed tomography (CT) of enlarged nodes and/or masses in lymphoma patients has been interpreted as indicating that active disease is present. Four cases are presented in which either biopsy or laparotomy of a CT detected mass after therapy revealed fibrous tissue with no evidence of viable neoplasm. These four cases demonstrate the possible pitfall of diagnosing viable lymphoma in masses detected by CT after therapy. PMID- 7119196 TI - Gallbladder enhancement following angiography: a normal CT finding. AB - The authors reviewed computed tomography (CT) studies that had been preceded within 2 days by angiography. Twenty-one patients were selected who showed no laboratory evidence of liver or renal disease. Eighteen patients received greater than 37 g of iodine at angiography. Eight of these underwent CT within 2 h of angiography and showed enhancement of the gallbladder wall, nine underwent CT 15 to 48 h after angiography and showed enhancement of the gallbladder contents, and one had no gallbladder enhancement. Three patients received less than 22 g of iodine at angiography and none had gallbladder enhancement on CT. The necessity of differentiating normal gallbladder enhancement from pathology on CT is stressed. In addition, the physiologic mechanisms responsible for gallbladder enhancement are presented, and the relationship of our findings to the total body opacification effect and to infusion tomography of the gallbladder is discussed. PMID- 7119201 TI - The role of computed tomography in pelvic fractures. AB - Adequate radiologic demonstration of the extent of pelvic fractures facilitates planning of their treatment by the orthopedic surgeon. Traditionally, this evaluation has been by conventional radiology. This report details results of computed tomography (CT) in the evaluation of pelvic fractures in 34 patients. In most cases, CT was able to identify and delineate the extent of fractures, demonstrate displacement of the involved bones, localize bone fragments and characterize joint derangements. Many of these features were better demonstrated at CT compared with conventional radiographs. In particular, in 10 patients loose bodies were seen at CT that were not evident on conventional radiography. The extent of associated soft tissue injury is also well shown by CT and demonstrated peripelvic or intraarticular fluid collections can be aspirated under CT guidance to rule out sepsis. This study suggests that CT is useful in the assessment of major pelvic fractures. PMID- 7119202 TI - Improved control of respiration during computed tomography by feedback monitoring. AB - The use of computed tomographic (CT) attenuation measurements to characterise lung pathology is hindered by the wide variations occurring with respiration. A simple strain-gauge has been used as a respiratory monitor with feedback to the patient giving a visual indication of chest expansion during CT. Significant improvement was achieved in reproducibility of mean attenuation values of nominally identical lung sections when the gauge was used as compared with control sections. Respiratory feedback monitoring has wide potential application in thoracic and upper abdominal CT. PMID- 7119203 TI - CT demonstration of gas in a herniated nucleus pulposus. PMID- 7119204 TI - Brain involvement in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - Cerebral infiltration due to chronic lymphocytic leukemia is rare. Leukemic infiltration of the brain can be diagnosed by computed tomography, and the response to treatment can be monitored. Leukemic cerebral infiltrates may occur as areas of variable attenuation that usually enhance following intravenous contrast medium administration. They can be differentiated from areas of leukoencephalopathy related either to the disease or treatment with drugs by their characteristic locations contiguous with cortical or ependymal surfaces, or adjacent to shunt tubing. PMID- 7119205 TI - Suture granuloma: an unusual cause of an enhancing ring lesion in the postoperative brain. AB - Ring lesions are not infrequently noted at the operative site of intracranial tumors at varying intervals of time after surgery. We present a suture granuloma as an unusual cause of such a lesion. Two guidelines that help in the diagnosis and management of these lesions are discussed with emphasis on the value of the precontrast scan. PMID- 7119206 TI - Computed tomography--pathology correlation in skull epidermoid cyst. PMID- 7119207 TI - CT demonstration of intrathoracic thyroid tissue. PMID- 7119208 TI - Lymphangioma of the thymus in a child. AB - Computed tomographic (CT) evaluation of a rare thymic tumor in a child is described. The CT characteristics, pre- and postcontrast enhancement, are described and correlated with ultrasound and plain radiographic findings. Correlation is made between the CT results and the thymic lymphangioma with a subsequently identified abdominal lymphangioma. PMID- 7119209 TI - Pulmonary sequestration: visualization of the feeding artery by CT. AB - Pulmonary sequestration (PS) is a relatively uncommon anomaly that usually requires invasive procedures such as arteriography for definitive diagnosis. We recently encountered a case in which the diagnosis of PS was strongly suggested by the findings on computed tomography (CT). Subsequently, an intralobar sequestration was found at surgery without the aid of a prior arteriogram. We feel that CT may have a definitive role in the radiological workup of suspected cases of PS. PMID- 7119210 TI - Partial Budd-Chiari syndrome. PMID- 7119211 TI - Epidermoid cyst of the spleen: value of noninvasive imaging modalities in preoperative diagnosis. AB - Epidermoid cyst of the spleen is the rarest benign nonparasitic cyst of the spleen. We describe such a case and show how it may be evaluated noninvasively with a combination of imaging modalities. Additionally, by using these modalities in the clinical setting of a young woman with vague abdominal complaints, the diagnosis can be strongly suggested preoperatively. PMID- 7119212 TI - Page kidney. AB - The computed tomographic (CT) findings of a classic case of Page kidney (hypertension resulting from compression of the renal parenchyma by a subcapsular hematoma) is presented. An excretory urogram and renal arteriogram performed prior to the CT study resulted in nonspecific findings. The CT findings of a well circumscribed, elliptically shaped, low density, subcapsular hematoma producing parenchymal compression was correlated with the onset of hypertension following remote trauma, permitting the CT diagnosis of Page kidney. PMID- 7119213 TI - Ruptured aneurysm of the internal iliac artery. AB - Isolated aneurysms of the iliac arteries are rare and can be difficult to diagnose. The diagnosis is frequently delayed. One patient with a ruptured aneurysm of the left internal iliac artery is presented, and the computed tomography findings are compared to those of a case of a ruptured aortic aneurysm. The hemorrhages had much in common, and we want to stress the importance of including the iliac arteries when no cause of a retroperitoneal hemorrhage is found higher up. PMID- 7119214 TI - Isolated internal iliac artery aneurysms. AB - A case of bilateral isolated internal iliac artery aneurysms in a patient with sciatic symptoms is presented. Iliac artery aneurysms are rare in the absence of aortic aneurysms; they are usually atherosclerotic in nature and present most commonly with gastrointestinal, genitourinary, or neurologic symptoms. PMID- 7119215 TI - Pancreatic mobility: an important factor in pancreatic computed tomography. AB - In a few patients, the pancreas may be difficult to visualize with computed tomography (CT). To explain this, we measured the mobility of the pancreas after clinical endoscopic retrograde pancreatography and found that the normal and even the diseased pancreas is a mobile organ, moving with respiration more than its craniocaudal dimension. Therefore, during CT investigations the patient's breathing must be standardized. PMID- 7119216 TI - Morphological aspects of human malignant skin tumours. A freeze-fracture study. PMID- 7119217 TI - Giant melanosomes in the B-K mole syndrome. AB - Giant melanosomes were identified in lentigines and nevi of 4 patients from 3 kindreds with the B-K mole syndrome. They were present in some dysplastic lesions but not in malignant melanomas. In one case examined in the electron microscope, characteristic ultrastructural features were observed. PMID- 7119218 TI - Vitiligo with an inflammatory erythema in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: demonstration of filamentous masses and amyloid deposits. AB - A 35-year-old Japanese woman developed vitiligo with an inflammatory erythema on the face two years after the onset of bilateral uveitis and dysacusis. Histological studies of the lesions revealed the loss of pigment and dense mononuclear cell infiltration around the blood vessels. At the dermo-epidermal junction area, a few eosinophilic masses were found. Electron microscopy disclosed that the masses were filamentous masses (colloid bodies) and amyloid. After the oral administration of prednisolone, the erythema subsided, and the vitiligo showed some repigmentation. PMID- 7119219 TI - Epidermolytic leukoplakia. PMID- 7119220 TI - Focal dermal hypoplasia syndrome. An electron microscopical study of the skin lesions. AB - An 11-month-old female with focal dermal hypoplasia syndrome is described. Histologically, the skin lesions were characterized by a marked decrease in dermal connective tissue. Ultrastructurally, there were a number of fine filamentous structures measuring 5 to 70 nm within and between the bundles of collagen; most of the dermal fibroblasts of the lesions possessed no remarkably developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex. Multilocular fat cells which are regarded as young fat cells were often seen. It is suggested that this disease may be characterized by a decreased rate of collagen synthesis by fibroblasts and an overgrowth of adipose tissue. PMID- 7119221 TI - Similarity and attraction: the relationship between personality, beliefs, skills, needs and friendship choice. PMID- 7119222 TI - Adolescents, violence and crime. PMID- 7119223 TI - The perception of poverty among adolescents. PMID- 7119226 TI - Families of adopted adolescents. PMID- 7119225 TI - Current trends in Finnish adolescent psychiatry. PMID- 7119224 TI - Adolescent enmeshment: a case for brief strategic therapy. PMID- 7119227 TI - The Bethlem Royal and Maudsley Hospitals clinical data register for children and adolescents. PMID- 7119228 TI - Changing rates or changing roles--adolescent female delinquency re-assessed. PMID- 7119229 TI - Certificates of Unruly Character: a survey of a juvenile remand centre. PMID- 7119230 TI - Stimulus variables in the Block Design Task. PMID- 7119232 TI - Suicide attempters within a delinquent population. PMID- 7119231 TI - The relationship between conceptual tempo and depression in children. PMID- 7119233 TI - Are hypertensives less assertive? A controlled evaluation. PMID- 7119235 TI - Influence of adjustment and physical attractiveness on the employability of schizophrenic women. PMID- 7119234 TI - Determining statistically reliable strengths and weaknesses in the performance of single individuals on the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery. PMID- 7119236 TI - Decision rules for phenomenological classification of psychiatric patients. PMID- 7119237 TI - Cognitive models of criminal violence based upon intelligence and psychopathy levels. PMID- 7119238 TI - Stress-disorder symptoms in Vietnam and Korean war veterans. PMID- 7119239 TI - Clinical samples of children with below-average IQs are not "nonimpaired" and other troubles: comment on Klesges and Sanchez. PMID- 7119240 TI - A reexamination of the relationship between the Luria-Nebraska and Halstead Reitan batteries: overlap with the WAIS. PMID- 7119241 TI - Design issues in clinical research: comment on Kraemer. PMID- 7119243 TI - Selection of depressed and nondepressed subjects on the basis of self-report data. PMID- 7119242 TI - Jenkins Activity Survey scores among women of different occupations. PMID- 7119244 TI - Locus of control in childhood hyperactivity. PMID- 7119245 TI - Multidimensionality of health-related locus-of-control-scale items. PMID- 7119246 TI - Behavioral treatment of "nightfears" in children: maintenance of improvement at 2 1/2- to 3-year follow-up. PMID- 7119247 TI - Effects of sex of subject and method of block presentation on the Tactual Performance Test. PMID- 7119248 TI - Responding to "no-shows": some effects of follow-up method on community mental health center attendance patterns. PMID- 7119249 TI - Self-concept and the spinal-cord-injured: an investigation using the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale. PMID- 7119250 TI - Pathology of malignant melanoma. PMID- 7119251 TI - A weighted retraction hook. PMID- 7119252 TI - Is it time for a computer in your practice? III: Types of computer systems for medical offices. AB - The three basic types of medical-office computer systems have been described along with their basic advantages and disadvantages. A fourth option, that of keeping your current manual office system, may be a valid alternative. The next article of this series will discuss a method for evaluating the suitability of any computer system for your needs and will describe how to select the "best" one for you. PMID- 7119253 TI - Metastatic basal-cell carcinoma. AB - Three cases of metastatic basal-cell carcinoma are reported. All of the cases were relatively small when compared with other lesions reported in the literature. With early chemosurgical treatment of small recurrent carcinomas, metastasizing basal-cell carcinoma will be a condition of the past. PMID- 7119255 TI - Darier's disease and basal-cell carcinoma. PMID- 7119254 TI - Eccrine epithelioma: case report. PMID- 7119256 TI - Tumor conference #43: penile lentigo. PMID- 7119257 TI - Surgical gem: a head lamp for dermatologic surgery. PMID- 7119258 TI - Nail surgery: a review. PMID- 7119260 TI - Management of lesions of the helical rim using a chondrocutaneous advancement flap. PMID- 7119259 TI - Wound healing: a review. IV. Systemic medications affecting wound healing. AB - Physicians performing dermatologic surgery should include a thorough drug history in their preoperative assessments of patients. Such information may allow for the discontinuation, if desired, of drugs that negatively influence the wound-healing process. In some instances, the surgeon may find it useful, during the perioperative period, to substitute a drug known to impede wound healing with another possessing no untoward effects. In other situations, as in the treatment of keloids, physicians may wish to introduce drugs known to reduce scar formation into the biologic environment in which wound healing ensues. PMID- 7119261 TI - A second look at chemabrasion. AB - Chemabrasion is reviewed as a single procedure in which a deep, full-face chemical peel is followed immediately by dermabrasion. In the past few years new information has encouraged some individualization of the chemical aspects of this procedure. A discussion of some factors to consider in selecting chemical agents and our recommendations based on over 5 years of experience are included. In addition, we present some useful refinements of the chemabrasion procedure. PMID- 7119262 TI - Minor surgical procedures in children. PMID- 7119263 TI - Control of Boophilus ticks on cattle with a flowable formulation of coumaphos. PMID- 7119264 TI - Lethality of ozone for the biting gnat, Culicoides variipennis: fumigation of a biological safety cabinet for arbovirus research. PMID- 7119265 TI - [Cardiovascular system studies in long space flights on the Saliut orbital stations]. PMID- 7119266 TI - [Effect of modifying factors and their combination with olivomycin on the fatty acid composition of Crithidia oncopelti lipids]. PMID- 7119268 TI - [Changes in NADP-glycohydrolase activity in the process of Actinomyces streptomycini development]. PMID- 7119267 TI - [Action of diazan on phage PM2 DNA and mammalian DNA in vitro]. PMID- 7119269 TI - Australasian training and examination in intensive care. PMID- 7119270 TI - Normal values of functional residual capacity in the sitting and supine positions. AB - The measurement of functional residual capacity (FRC) has assumed new importance in the diagnosis of acute respiratory failure. However few reference values exist for FRC in supine positions for both sexes. We measured the FRC in 100 healthy subjects with the helium dilution closed circuit method in the sitting and supine positions. There were 50 women aged 20 to 63 years and 50 men aged 22 to 65 years. Fifty five subjects were smokers (25 women and 30 men) but no significant differences were found between FRC of smokers and nonsmokers. The FRC always decreased when the subject changed from the sitting to supine position. In this study, the correlation coefficients between FRC and height were statistically significant for both sexes, the influence of age and weight on FRC being negligible. Our results provide useful reference values for FRC in the supine position. PMID- 7119271 TI - The significance of colloid osmotic pressure measurement after crystalloid and colloid infusions. AB - Colloid osmotic pressure (COP) was followed postoperatively in 55 randomized patients. After minor operations and short-term infusion therapy only small changes of the COP could be observed and it was concluded that after such operations COP measurement is unnecessary. After major surgical interventions, however, COP measurement gave valuable hints. It was shown that even in the case of moderate blood loss replaced by crystalloids an abnormally low COP did not occur. The same applied also to preoperative hemodilution. It was unnecessary to substitute the withdrawn blood with a colloid solution. In addition, COP measurement helped to avoid expensive albumin administrations, and indicated colloid overload in cases of pulmonary edema. PMID- 7119272 TI - Variable hemodynamic response to sodium nitroprusside in hypertensive crisis. AB - Five patients, three males and two females, admitted with severe hypertensive crisis underwent hemodynamic investigations before and during vasodilator therapy with sodium nitroprusside. In three hypervolemic patients with congestive heart failure and/or renal insufficiency, the drug induced a rapid fall in systemic arterial pressure and a beneficial effect on cardiac performance, as shown by a shift of the ventricular function curves to the left. In two hypovolemic patients, the hemodynamic response was quite different; vasodilator therapy induced a confusing clinical picture characterized by significant fluctuations in blood pressure, a severe fall in cardiac output and clinical signs of shock in spite of normal blood pressure. Hemodynamic response to vasodilator therapy with sodium nitroprusside in hypertensive crisis appears to be directly related to the circulating blood volume. The syndrome of hypertension associated with hypovolemia needs to be recognized promptly in order to avoid inappropriate therapy; in such cases volume expansion under precise hemodynamic monitoring appears to be an effective means of stabilizing the cardiocirculatory conditions. PMID- 7119273 TI - Computed tomography and post-laparotomy intra-abdominal abscesses. AB - Thirty-one patients were prospectively studied and had abdominal computed tomography for post laparotomy sepsis. Computed tomography is of particular interest in seriously ill post-operative patients, 15 of our patients were on ventilators, and it enabled diagnosis and localization of abscesses in 15 patients. Drainage could therefore be achieved via a limited surgical approach, and extensive laparotomy was avoided. Of 16 patients without abscess, the abdominal computed tomogram was negative in 14 cases and there were two false positives. The overall accuracy was 0.94 with a sensitivity of 1 and a specificity of 0.88. The ability to screen the whole abdomen and exactly localize the lesion are the advantages of this non-invasive method. PMID- 7119274 TI - Main stem bronchial occlusion in a neonate. AB - In recent years it has become evident that partial obstruction of bronchi can be acquired postnatally secondary to mechanical trauma caused during prolonged endotracheal intubation. In the presented case, a complete obstruction of the right main stem bronchus developed during the neonatal period despite a relatively short time of intubation. The etiological background is discussed. PMID- 7119276 TI - Ultrasonic determination of thermodynamic threshold parameters for irreversible cutaneous burns. AB - In vivo ultrasonic measurements of the depth of conductive cutaneous burns experimentally induced in anesthetized Yorkshire pigs are reported as a function of burn time for the case in which the skin surface temperature is maintained at 100 degrees C. The data are used in the solution of the one-dimensional heat diffusion equation with time-dependent boundary conditions to obtain the threshold temperature (65.3 degrees C) and the energy of transformation per unit mass (408 J . g-1) associated with the transition of the tissue from the state of viability to the state of necrosis. The simplicity of the mathematical model and the expediency of the ultrasonic measurements in studies of thermal injury are emphasized. PMID- 7119275 TI - Pulmonary collapse--an unusual complication of pulmonary artery catheterization. PMID- 7119278 TI - Acoustic features of infant vocalic utterances at 3, 6, and 9 months. AB - Recordings were obtained of the comfort-state vocalizations of infants at 3, 6, and 9 months of age during a session of play and vocal interaction with the infant's mother and the experimenter. Acoustic analysis, primarily spectrography, was used to determine utterance durations, formant frequencies of vocalic utterances, patterns of f0 frequency change during vocalizations, variations in source excitation of the vocal tract, and general properties of the utterances. Most utterances had durations of less than 400 ms although occasional sounds lasted 2 s or more. An increase in the ranges of both the F1 and F2 frequencies was observed across both periods of age increase, but the center of the F1-F2 plot for the group vowels appeared to change very little. Phonatory characteristics were at least generally compatible with published descriptions of infant cry. The f0 frequency averaged 445 Hz for 3-month-olds, 450 Hz for 6-month olds, and 415 Hz for 9-month-olds. As has been previously reported for infant cry, the vocalizations frequently were associated with tremor (vibrato), harmonic doubling, abrupt f0 shift, vocal fry (or roll), and noise segments. Thus, from a strictly acoustic perspective, early cry and the later vocalizations of cooing and babbling appear to be vocal performances in continuity. Implications of the acoustic analyses are discussed for phonetic development and speech acquisition. PMID- 7119279 TI - Structure and duration of vowels together specify fricative voicing. PMID- 7119277 TI - Frequency-dependent angle scattering of ultrasound by liver. AB - Ultrasonic scattering by one specimen of normal pig liver and two specimens of abnormal human liver has been measured as a function of angle and frequency at each angular position of transmit and receive transducers which were rotated in equal and opposite directions about the axis of a cylindrically shaped tissue sample. Mean data values were determined by averaging points at like frequencies and angular positions in scans made at intervals along the axis of the specimen. Sections of the specimens were obtained throughout its length and stained to emphasize structures containing collagen and connective tissue shown by acoustic microscopy to produce sound speed variations which are known to cause scattering. Using the stained sections as diffraction screens, calculations of scattering were carried out via Fourier transforms on a scale comparable to that in the acoustic studies for comparison with the acoustic data. In all specimens studied, mean acoustic scattering exhibited a general decrease in level with increasing scattering angle. The rate of decrease in acoustic scattering with angle agreed qualitatively with the calculations of average angular falloff of scattering by the stained sections. Lower rates of decrease were observed in tissues with more closely spaced collagen containing structures. Although the data derived from the few substantially different specimens studied is not intended to be representative of all liver, the results show a qualitative correspondence between acoustic scattering and visual appearance which depends on tissue components and their arrangement. PMID- 7119281 TI - A new theory for multitone masking. AB - In order to explain masked thresholds of a tonal probe centered between two tone maskers, Green [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 37, 802-813 (1965)] introduced his famous energy-detection model. We argue that the model is in some respects inadequate and inconsistent with measurements of roughness, at least one psychological correlate of temporal fluctuations. Furthermore, it requires the assumption that tones interact over frequency distances considerably beyond a critical bandwidth. Therefore we propose an alternative theory that allows reconciliation of Green's measurements with the commonly accepted critical-band hypothesis. Our model is based on the hypothesis that the auditory system is capable of performing a spectral analysis of the time pattern of the waveform envelope. Important effects of probe type (noise, tone, or complex) and phase between masker and probe seem easily explained by the model. Also, the differences between two- and four-tone masking are successfully predicted. Finally, as a byproduct, our theory offers and explanation for the just noticeable amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) of a sinusoidal carrier. PMID- 7119280 TI - Measurement of formant transitions in naturally produced stop consonant-vowel syllables. AB - Formant transitions have been considered important context-dependent acoustic cues to place of articulation in stop-vowel syllables. However, the bulk of earlier research supporting their perceptual importance has been conducted primarily with synthetic speech stimuli. The present study examined the acoustic correlates of place of articulation in the voiced formant transitions from natural speech. Linear prediction analysis was used to provide detailed temporal and spectral measurements of the formant transitions for /b,d,g/ paired with eight vowels produced by one talker. Measurements of the transition onset and steady state frequencies, durations, and derived formant loci for F1, F2, and F3 are reported. Analysis of these measures showed little evidence of context invariant acoustic correlates of place. When vowel context was known, most transition parameters were not reliable acoustic correlates of place except for the F2 transition and a two-dimensional representation of F2 X F3 onset frequencies. The results indicated that the information contained in the formant transitions in these natural stop-vowel syllables was not sufficient to distinguish place across all the vowel contexts studied. PMID- 7119282 TI - Measures of intensity discrimination. AB - Several different measures have been employed in the literature to describe performance by human observers in intensity discrimination tasks. These measures include the difference limen (DL) or "delta I in dB," the Weber fraction (delta I/I), and signal-to-masker ratio (Ps/Pm). This article describes the mathematical relationship among these measures for conditions in which masker and signal are (1) sinusoids of the same frequency; (2) sinusoids of different frequencies; and (3) noise waveforms. We provide a table which contains values of each of these measures, describing equivalent performance over the typical range obtained in most intensity discrimination experiments. We express some cautions that should be observed in choosing and reporting particular measures of intensity discrimination. PMID- 7119284 TI - The dominance region and ripple noise pitch: a test of the peripheral weighting model. AB - An estimate of the spatial curve of pitch dominance for the repetition pitch of ripple noise was measured using the pitch strength discrimination procedure. A variety of stimulus conditions were examined. The peripheral weighting model [Yost and Hill, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 66, 400-410 (1979)] of repetition pitch assumes a relationship between the curve of pitch dominance and the shape of the psychophysical suppression of unmasking function. Ripple noise was also used to estimate the psychophysical suppression or unmasking function. The results indicate that with the estimates of the psychophysical suppression or unmasking function the peripheral weighting model can account for the general shape of the curve of pitch dominance. PMID- 7119283 TI - Octave discrimination: an experimental confirmation of the "stretched" subjective octave. AB - Discrimination of the musical octave was measured by the method of constant stimuli with roving standards and four response categories. For each of three musically trained listeners, and two of three untrained listeners, the estimated value of the subjective octave was "stretched" slightly sharper than the physical octave of 1200 cents. The magnitude of this stretch, about 20 cents on the average, replicated earlier findings obtained by the method of adjustment. A Thurstonian decision-theory model, providing iterative parametric solutions, generated an excellent fit to listeners' psychophysical functions. The present experimental task is best described by a noncategorical model of interval perception. PMID- 7119285 TI - A computer program for fitting a master hearing aid to the residual hearing characteristics of individual patients. AB - The electroacoustic characteristics of an experimental master hearing aid are determined by the choice of transducers and settings of 26 controls which include a preamplifier, the gains and limiting levels in each of 12 channels as well as the gain of a final power amplifier. Here, a computer program which aids in the fitting of the electroacoustic characteristics of this aid to the characteristics of a patient's residual hearing is described. The patient's audiologic data and the hearing-aid parameters are entered into the computer and the gain and limiting level of each channel of the hearing aid are adjusted until an appropriate fit is achieved. The results of the fitting procedure are displayed on a graphics terminal. Permanent copies of the results can be produced on a printer-plotter. Included in the results for each of 12 channels are (1) the discomfort level, most comfortable listening level, and hearing threshold of the patient, and (2) the maximum output and noise floor of the hearing aid as well as the aided speech level. This approach has simplified the problem of fitting a complicated hearing aid to a patient's residual hearing and seems to offer attractive possibilities for fitting commercial hearing aids in the future. PMID- 7119286 TI - Initial validation of an indirect measure of subglottal pressure during vowels. AB - Some methods for direct measurement of subglottal pressure during speech are invasive and thus cannot be used on a routine basis. The development of noninvasive techniques is thus desirable, and a simple indirect method for measuring subglottal pressure from records of oral pressure during consonants has recently been proposed and applied to studies of glottal resistance during phonation. In order to bae useful, indirect measurement procedures should be validated by comparisons with direct measurements, and the present experiment was designed for such a comparison. Miniature pressure transducers were used to obtain records of pressure below and above the glottis. Results showed nonsignificant differences and a high correlation between the direct and indirect measurements. This indirect method for measuring subglottal pressure thus appears to provide valid results. PMID- 7119287 TI - Residues of dibromochloropropane in fresh and preserved peaches. PMID- 7119289 TI - One or two session psychotherapy with university students. PMID- 7119288 TI - Reinvestigation of the alkaloids of Lupinus sericeus Pursh. Identification of a new natural product, 10,17-dioxo-beta-isosparteine. PMID- 7119290 TI - Alcoholism in college: early case finding. PMID- 7119292 TI - Old and new environmental issues for college and university health services. PMID- 7119291 TI - Variables affecting patient satisfaction with health care services in the college health setting. PMID- 7119294 TI - Alternative practicum in health education. PMID- 7119293 TI - Abortion: a technique for working through grief. PMID- 7119297 TI - Justifying the existence of the nurse-directed health service. PMID- 7119296 TI - Primary and secondary health education programs by SHAC. PMID- 7119295 TI - The Burckes Emergency Care Knowledge Test. PMID- 7119299 TI - Consumer participation: case study of the college health services setting. PMID- 7119298 TI - Higher education and the economy. PMID- 7119300 TI - Bioavailability assessment of a liquid prednisone preparation. AB - To assess the relative bioavailability of a recently developed liquid prednisone preparation, prednisolone pharmacokinetics were evaluated after the administration of three separate steroid preparations. On 3 study days, each 2 wk apart, 12 healthy subjects received in random order: prednisone liquid, prednisone tablet, and prednisolone sodium phosphate. Plasma samples were collected over a 12 hr study period and analyzed for prednisolone concentration by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Tablet data demonstrated a time-to-peak concentration of 1.23 +/- 0.68 hr (SD), mean residence time of 5.1 +/- 0.49 hr, and absolute bioavailability (tablet/i.v.) of 97.5% +/-- 17.5%. Liquid data demonstrated a significantly (p less than 0.01) shorter time-to-peak concentration, 0.54 +/- 0.20 hr, and mean residence time 4.6 +/- 0.34 hr, with no significant difference in absolute bioavailability (liquid/i.v.), 88.2% +/- 15.8%. This resulted in significantly (p less than 0.05) higher plasma prednisolone concentrations for the liquid preparation in the first 0.75 hr and significantly lower concentrations after 1.5 hr as compared with the tablet. Prednisolone area under the plasma concentration vs time curve for the liquid prednisone formulation was 90.0% +/- 13.2% of the tablet preparation. Thus prednisone liquid has comparable bioavailability to the tablet, with an earlier peak plasma prednisolone concentration and significantly higher plasma prednisolone concentrations within the first hour of administration. PMID- 7119301 TI - Influence of dosing frequency and schedule on the response of chronic asthmatics to the aerosol steroid, budesonide. AB - The influence of various dosing regimens on the response of asthmatic patients to aerosol steroid was investigated. Budesonide, a topically active corticosteroid like beclomethasone dipropionate, was given q.i.d. or b.i.d., in the morning or A.M./P.M., at doses of 400, 800, and 1600 micrograms/day. Each patient (n = 34) took every treatment combination for 2 wk. The antiasthmatic and systemic effects, measured by changes in peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), blood eosinophils, and serum cortisol levels increased approximately linearly on log dose budesonide (p less than 0.0005). Systemic effects of the drug were nonsignificant at low dosage. At high dosage, morning dosing conserved hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function, but at the cost of a marginal reduction in efficacy (delta PEFR, p = 0.12). Having the dose frequency reduced the antiasthmatic potency of the drug, i.e., PEFR fell by an amount equivalent to approximately eightfold reduction in daily dosage (p = 0.002). This effect was not evident when asthma was in remission but became so with asthma in relapse. Overall, the q.i.d. A.M./P.M. regimen showed the best risk-benefit relationships. The data indicate (1) that reductions in dose frequency made with the hope of improving patient compliance and thus conserving the drug's long-term efficacy are likely to lead to the reverse effect, (2) that the clinician can conserve a better balance of risk vs benefit by titrating dosage in terms of puffs per dose rather than doses per day, and (3) that patients can increase the antiasthmatic efficacy of this aerosol steroid without any increase in drug costs (or apparent risk) by simply increasing dosing frequency. These therapeutic considerations probably apply to some or all of the other topically active steroids currently used to treat asthma. PMID- 7119302 TI - Insect venom allergy: lack of correlation between immunologic reactivity and clinical sensitivity. PMID- 7119304 TI - RAST for diagnosis of IgE-mediated disease. PMID- 7119303 TI - Identification of a new physically induced urticaria: cold-induced cholinergic urticaria. PMID- 7119305 TI - Recent studies in adolescent psychiatry. Introduction. PMID- 7119306 TI - Normal adolescent development from a cognitive viewpoint. PMID- 7119307 TI - Epidemiological and psychosocial perspectives on adolescent drug use. PMID- 7119308 TI - Personality characteristics in adolescent problem drinkers. A comparative study. PMID- 7119309 TI - Adolescent violence: causes and treatment. PMID- 7119310 TI - Suicidal behavior and depression in children and adolescents. PMID- 7119311 TI - Follow-up studies of specific reading disability. PMID- 7119312 TI - Offspring of patients with affective disorders: II. PMID- 7119313 TI - Retrospective assessment of prepubertal major depression with the Kiddie-SADS-e. PMID- 7119314 TI - A follow-up study of hospitalized suicidal children. PMID- 7119315 TI - Parental negative self and adolescent suicide attempts. PMID- 7119317 TI - Diagnostic considerations in suicidal behavior in children and adolescents. PMID- 7119318 TI - Learning disorders. PMID- 7119319 TI - An integrative perspective on the diagnosis of learning disorders. PMID- 7119316 TI - Attrition among families of divorce: patterns in an outpatient psychiatric population. PMID- 7119320 TI - Distributions of serving sizes and plate waste in school lunches. Implications for measurement. AB - Distributions of school lunch serving size and plate waste data are discussed in items of implications for plate waste measurement. Mean serving size was a representative measure when based on 10 rather than the 4 or 5 samples typically weighed. Distributions of percent plate waste supported previous findings of L- or U-shaped distributions. Percent waste of a given food was better represented by the proportion of individuals who consumed all or almost all, and none or almost none, of a serving, than by mean percentage of waste. PMID- 7119322 TI - Food behavior of elementary school students after receiving nutrition education. AB - A nine-week nutrition education program for kindergarten through sixth grade was implemented and its influence on children's food behavior assessed using a pretest/post-test design involving children who were and were not exposed to the program. The food behavior response was mixed. Consumption of some food items, at post-test time, was higher among pupils exposed to the program, but that of other items was lower, and consumption of some items was unaffected. Responses to questionnaires by parents indicated that they perceived a favorable effect of the nutrition education program on their children's food behavior. PMID- 7119321 TI - Nutrition knowledge and attitudes of elementary school students after receiving nutrition education. AB - The effect of a nine-week nutrition education program on nutrition knowledge and selected nutrition/food attitudes of kindergarten through sixth grade pupils was examined. Children in the experimental group participated in the program for a nine-week instructional period; those in the control group participated later. Knowledge and attitude assessment instruments were administered to both groups immediately before and after the instructional period. In the lower grades (kindergarten through grade 3), responses on two of the three attitude scales were positively influenced by the nutrition education program. On the third attitude scale there was a trend toward a positive effect in all but one of the lower grades, but the trend was significant only in first grade. In the upper grade levels (4 through 6), the effect of nutrition education on the nutrition and food attitude scale responses was mixed; it tended to be most positive in grade 4 and least positive in grade 6. The nutrition education program also had a significant positive effect on the nutrition knowledge score of pupils in all grades except sixth. In this grade, the trend was positive but was not significant. PMID- 7119323 TI - Yield of chicken parts: proximate composition and mineral content. PMID- 7119324 TI - Parental participation in nutrition education homework. AB - Over a three-week period, a sample of fourth grade pupils brought home nutrition education homework, with which their parents had previously agreed to help. Pupils in a comparison group had the same nutrition program in school but with no homework assignments. Six months later, parents in both samples anonymously completed a survey form inquiring about nutritional practices at home. Returns were obtained from 214 parents in the homework group and from 218 parents in the non-homework group. A significantly greater percentage of parents in the homework group reported that meals at home had changed in an important way in the interim period, that their children were eating more of the "right foods" for breakfast and for supper, and that they had requested printed materials on how to plan a balanced diet. In a parallel study, a greater reduction in cigarette smoking had been reported by parents who had helped their children with anti-smoking homework. The corroborative nature of the two sets of outcomes would suggest that it is worth while to encourage parental involvement with homework in nutrition education at the elementary grade levels. PMID- 7119325 TI - Incorporating Transactional Analysis into a weight loss program. PMID- 7119326 TI - Kosher dietary laws and children's food preferences: guide to a camp menu plan. AB - Assessment of the food preferences of Jewish children and experience with the kosher dietary laws facilitated the planning of a summer camp menu. A lengthy list of foods was developed that satisfied the tastes of the campers. Recipes were modified to achieve greater value in the kosher menu. Both the children and the camp administration appreciated seeing the survey results implemented as an eight-week cycle menu. Dietitians have a responsibility to understand the cultural needs and food preferences of those whom they serve. An appreciation of ethnic and religious dietary patterns is essential in menu planning. Knowledge of the laws of kashruth and familiarity with kosher products, traditional Jewish foods, and taste preferences of Jewish children and adults are necessary to the dietitian wishing to please Jewish clientele. PMID- 7119327 TI - Studies in immunogerontology. PMID- 7119328 TI - Erythrocyte aging changes evaluated by the deoxyuridine suppression test. AB - Many hematologic studies have shown that the erythrocyte count decreases while the size of the individual cell increases in the aged. This study was performed in order to (1) evaluate changes in the blood erythrocyte level and mean erythrocyte size in the elderly and (2) evaluate use of the deoxyuridine (dU) supression test to determine whether deficiency of vitamin B12 or folate plays any role in age-related changes of hematopoiesis. Selected for study were 102 healthy men whose ages ranged from 20 to 79 years. The erythrocyte count and hemoglobin level decreased significantly, whereas the mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin increased after 70 years of age. Fresh bone-marrow cells were obtained from 10 young (20-38 yr) and 10 aged (70-82 yr) men. Wickramasinghe's dU suppression test was modified by application of an automatic cell harvester. The results were normal in both groups. Thus, the route of dU to dTMP in a DNA synthetic pathway appeared intact, and there was no evidence of B12 or folate deficiency in the aged to explain the observed macrocytosis. However, 3H-thymidine uptake by nucleated bone-marrow cells was significantly decreased, and the ratio of 3H-uridine to 3H-thymidine uptake was greater in the old group than in the young group. These results could be explained by altered nucleic acid metabolism (unbalanced cell growth) or by a change in the proportion of the different fractions of nucleated cells. PMID- 7119331 TI - Senile cardiomyopathy. PMID- 7119329 TI - Spontaneous cholecystocutaneous fistula: a complication of neglected biliary tract disease. AB - Spontaneous cholecystocutaneous fistula is rarely seen today because of the relative safety of early treatment of biliary tract disease. Two cases are presented, one complicated by carcinoma of the gallbladder. The literature is reviewed with reference to clinical presentations, diagnosis, and treatment. The long-standing inflammatory process that precedes such an unusual occurrence makes the problem more common among patients of the geriatric age group. PMID- 7119330 TI - Factors influencing admission or nonadmission of the aged to the hospital. AB - A prospective study was carried out to determine which social, functional, or medical factors influenced the decision to admit or not to admit aged people to a general hospital in Israel. The study also focused on characteristics of patients admitted to the geriatric ward of the medical division as distinct from those sent to the internal medicine ward. Two hundred patients over the age of 65 were examined during ten consecutive intake days for the internal medicine ward over a period of five weeks. One hundred and sixty-seven were interviewed in the emergency departments, and the others after transfer from other departments by prearranged consultation. Thirty-five per cent were not admitted, 28 per cent were admitted to internal medicine, and 26 per cent were admitted to the geriatric department. Social factors played little part in the selecting process, the dominant need being acuteness and severity of illness. However, patients in the geriatric ward were found to be functionally much more disabled in regard to mobility, mental state, and incontinence. This was also reflected in a longer average stay of 15 days compared with nine in internal medicine, a higher mortality (19 per cent as against 7 per cent) and a higher degree of disability on discharge from hospital. PMID- 7119333 TI - Observations on lithium disposition in the elderly. AB - The disposition kinetics of lithium were studied in six elderly women who had been maintained on this medication for several years. Lithium administration was stopped abruptly. Plasma, whole blood, and erythrocyte half-lives were then measured, as well as renal plasma clearance and distribution volume. Half-life values in whole blood and in its components were found to be similar. The plasma lithium half-life approximated that in younger schizophrenics, but appeared prolonged when compared with half-lives reported for young normal volunteers. Renal plasma clearance and distribution volume of lithium appeared substantially reduced when compared with published values. The data are consistent with altered lithium disposition in the aged. PMID- 7119332 TI - Reversible intellectual impairment: an internist's perspective. AB - A review of the relevant literature was stimulated by recent publications urging extensive laboratory assessment of elderly patients presenting with intellectual impairment. Published data regarding reversible causes of impairment are limited and exist only for hospitalized patients, with rare exceptions. The frequencies of azotemia, hyponatremia, volume depletion, hypoglycemia, cardiac arrhythmia, cerebrovascular disease, sensory impairment, hypercarbia, congestive heart failure, infections, subdural hematoma, and chemical intoxications as causes of the intellectual impairment are entirely unknown. It is reported that 8 per cent of patients hospitalized for dementia are depressed; alcoholism is causative in 8 to 13 per cent of patients with mental impairment; normal pressure hydrocephalus is reported in 7 to 12 per cent. The frequency of the latter conditions in outpatients is not known. While estimates exist for the frequencies of hypothyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, neurosyphilis, and vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies among the elderly, no prevalence data exist for these disorders among the intellectually impaired. PMID- 7119334 TI - The geriatric team in the acute care hospital: an educational and consultation modality. AB - Increasing numbers of older patients with acute, subacute, rehabilitative, and chronic problems are being cared for in acute care hospitals. Health care professionals working in the acute care hospital have not had the training necessary to deal with this particular population. This article discusses the conception and implementation of a multidisciplinary educational and consultation team on an acute care medical unit in an academic medical center. PMID- 7119335 TI - Arguments for abandoning the term pseudodementia. AB - The term pseudodementia should be avoided in clinical practice. Its importance lies in the fact that it has alerted clinicians to the existence of potentially reversible, or at least treatable, cases of intellectual dysfunction. However, two major problems are associated with its use. First, it implies that the patient has either an organic or a functional illness, whereas many patients have elements of both, especially when depression is superimposed on a true dementia. Second, the term is often mistakenly used diagnostically, whereas it is only descriptive. The term cognitive impairment is preferable to pseudodementia. PMID- 7119336 TI - Health promotion for older persons. PMID- 7119337 TI - A bolus of competition for health care. PMID- 7119338 TI - Keeping a healthy financial profile. PMID- 7119339 TI - Woman-power in the medical hierarchy. PMID- 7119340 TI - Ethical issues in neonatology. PMID- 7119341 TI - Academic promotions: a plan of action. PMID- 7119342 TI - Rationale for bylaws changes. PMID- 7119343 TI - Proposed amendments to the bylaws of the American Medical Women's Association, Inc. as amended November, 1981. PMID- 7119344 TI - Peripheral microcystoid retinal degeneration and retinoschisis. AB - Peripheral microcystoid retinal degeneration and degenerative retinoschisis represent two findings frequently made during indirect ophthalmoscopy of the peripheral fundus. Peripheral microcystoid degeneration, a benign condition, may represent a precursor to degenerative retinoschisis, a potentially sight threatening condition. Discussed are the epidemiology, histologic and clinical appearance, and possible pathogenesis of each. The normal progression of both conditions, together with the prognostic value of inner and/or outer layer holes in degenerative retinoschisis are addressed. Methods of following degenerative retinoschisis and modes of treatment of progressive cases are considered. PMID- 7119345 TI - Vascular anastomoses in ocular toxoplasmosis. AB - Toxoplasmosis is a frequent cause of uveitis seen in clinical practice and fundus scars typical of ocular toxoplasmosis are common. It has been reported that vascular anastomoses between the retinal and choroidal circulation can occur through the damaged Bruch's membrane in fundus scars resulting from ocular toxoplasmosis. Although it has been stated that these vascular anastomoses are a rare occurrence, it has also been suggested that they are relatively common. In order to determine the prevalence rate of patients with vascular anastomoses in toxoplasmic fundus scars, 3,850 consecutive optometry patient files were studied retrospectively. Seventy-four patients (1.92%) had a clinical diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis with typical fundus scars, and two of these patients (2.70%) had documented vascular anastomoses. PMID- 7119347 TI - The technique of scleral indentation. AB - The technique of scleral indentation, or depression, shall be presented in both mechanical and clinical manners. Explanation and diagrams of several optical principles involved in indentation precede a discussion of clinical performance. Indications, cautions, and suggestions for improving skill are cited. PMID- 7119346 TI - Amblyoscope modification to provide variable rate alternate flash. PMID- 7119348 TI - Effective public relations that work to build your practice. AB - Work actively to promote your practice externally, using ideas with which you feel comfortable. Develop internal public relations that include a review of your own doctor/patient relationships, proper telephone etiquette that is effective, assistant training, and patient communications. Attend practice management seminars and always try to incorporate at least one new idea into your office routine after each meeting. Read, think about innovation, and be honest, sincere, and enthusiastic!! You and your patients will benefit! PMID- 7119349 TI - Pedal and lower extremity complications of substance abuse. PMID- 7119351 TI - Pedal autoimmune dermatologic disease. PMID- 7119350 TI - Psychocutaneous disorders: some lower extremity presentations. PMID- 7119352 TI - The ultrastructural effects of 5-fluorouracil in the management of pedal verrucae. PMID- 7119353 TI - Chronic pigmented purpura. PMID- 7119354 TI - Diabetic dermopathy: a controversy in dermatology. PMID- 7119355 TI - Lichen amyloidosis. PMID- 7119356 TI - Pitted keratolysis: a clinicopathologic review. PMID- 7119357 TI - Structural studies on the connectivity of the inferior mesenteric ganglion of the guinea pig. AB - After injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the inferior mesenteric ganglion (IMG) of the guinea pig, labeled cell bodies were found in the solar plexus ganglia, the ganglia of the pelvic plexus and in the nodose ganglia as well as in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia at the T13-L4 levels. By using the fluorescent tracer True blue, labeled cell bodies could also be detected in the myenteric and submucosa ganglia of the distal colon. Application and uptake of HRP by the colonic nerves resulted in labeling of cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglia, the IMG and in the solar plexus ganglion complex indicating that the latter neurons send their axons in the intermesenteric nerve through the IMG to continue in the colonic nerves to the distal colon. When HRP was applied and diffused into the hypogastric nerves labeled cell bodies were seen in the IMG, the dorsal root ganglia and in the preganglionic nuclei of the lumbar spinal cord with 50% of the labeled neurons located dorsal and dorsolateral to the central canal. The finding of such a diversity in the nerve supply to the IMG, supports the view that the ganglion plays an important role in the integration of visceral reflexes. PMID- 7119361 TI - Development and ageing of perivascular adrenergic nerves in the rabbit. A quantitative fluorescence histochemical study using image analysis. AB - Age-related changes in vascular adrenergic nerves of 5 contrasting arteries in the rabbit were studied from before birth through to old age. Adrenergic nerves were demonstrated on stretch preparations using glyoxylic acid fluorescence histochemistry. Quantitative estimates of the densities of nerve fibres and varicosities were obtained by automated light microscopic image analysis. The early stages of development of vascular innervation were similar in all the vessels studied. They consisted of a period of outgrowth of axons; a period of rapid increase in density and formation of varicosities; and a later period of more gradual nerve growth. The timing of these stages varied greatly between the different vessels. The larger vessels, i.e. the carotid, renal and femoral arteries, had a well-developed innervation at birth, whilst the innervation of the smaller mesenteric and basilar arteries was sparse. Nerve loss occurred between 6 weeks and 6 months in the femoral artery and in old age (3 years or over) in the renal and carotid arteries. The large elastic arteries were, in general, more densely innervated than the smaller muscular arteries throughout life. The innervation of the different vessels became increasingly diverse between birth and adulthood, indicating a relationship between the pattern of vascular innervation and local physiological requirements. Factors which could influence age-related changes in nerve pattern and density are discussed. PMID- 7119358 TI - Acetylcholine and potassium-42 movements in right atrial muscle of the guinea pig. AB - The effect of acetylcholine (ACh) on potassium (K-42) movements has been studied in right atrial tissue of the guinea pig. When quiescent fibers were stimulated at 108 beats/min, potassium uptake was increased to a small but significant extent. Administration of acetylcholine (2.7 X 10(-6) M) induced an increase in potassium uptake that was greater in fibers that were quiescent than in the same fibers when stimulated. The ACh induced increase in potassium uptake was abolished by atropine (5.2 X 10(-7) M) and enhanced in the presence of nicotine (10(-5) M). In addition, ACh induced an increase in potassium efflux that was greater in fibers that were quiescent than in the same fibers when stimulated. Atropine blocked the effect of ACh on potassium efflux. It is concluded that activity of atrial tissue increases potassium uptake and modifies the action of ACh on potassium uptake and efflux. Muscarinic receptors mediate the ACh induced increase in potassium movements. Nicotinic receptors may mediate an ACh induced decrease in potassium uptake in atrial muscle. PMID- 7119359 TI - Effect of ketamine, althesin, and thiopentone on the Valsalva-constrictor and heart rate reflexes of the rabbit. AB - The circulatory effects of Valsalva-like manoeuvers were studied before and during i.v. infusions of either ketamine, Althesin and thiopentone given in doses that produced similar levels of light anesthesia. The Valsalva-like manoeuvers were of 30 s duration and consisted of applying Valsalva pressures (VP) from 2.5 to 20 mm Hg to the animal's respiratory valve and to a cuff placed around its thorax and abdomen. In the conscious rabbit the major reflex responses to the Valsalva-like manoeuver were VP-related rises in total peripheral resistance (TPR) and in heart rate which were mainly mediated through intrathoracic baroreceptors and were completely abolished by sino-aortic denervation. Ketamine depressed the Valsalva-TPR response by about 30-40% but Althesin and thiopentone were without effect. Ketamine and thiopentone produced marked depression of the Valsalva-heart rate reflex, but Althesin had relatively little effect. We concluded that ketamine produces greater impairment of blood pressure homeostasis mediated through constrictor and heart rate reflexes evoked through arterial and cardiopulmonary baroreceptors than the other two anesthetics. PMID- 7119360 TI - Role of aortic and carotid sinus baroreceptors on Valsalva-like vasoconstrictor and heart rate reflexes in the conscious rabbit. AB - Graded 30 s manoeuvers were used to elicit cardiovascular responses in conscious instrumented rabbits by applying pressures from 2.5 to 20 mm Hg (Valsalva Pressure, VP) to the animal's respiratory valve and to a sphygmomanometer cuff wrapped around its thorax and abdomen. In normal rabbits the Valsalva-like manoeuvers elicited VP-related rises in total peripheral resistance (TPR), heart rate and in right atrial pressure (RAP), VP-related fall in cardiac output (CO) and no change in mean arterial pressure (MAP). The rises in TPR and heart rate and the maintenance of MAP were reflexly mediated, whilst the CO and RAP changes were largely a mechanical consequence of the manoeuver as assessed from the responses after autonomic effector blockade. In rabbits with selective section of the carotid sinus nerves the reflex responses were little altered from normal, but after selective section of the aortic nerves there was significant attenuation of the TPR response, indicating that the input from the aortic baroreceptors was more important for this response than that from the carotid receptors. After combined denervation of the aortic and carotid baroreceptor zones (but with the vagi intact) the reflex TPR and heart rate changes were completely abolished, with the responses the same as after autonomic effector block. The results indicate that the arterial baroreceptor zones make a major contribution to the reflex cardiovascular responses to the Valsalva manoeuver in the rabbit and that any reflex effects of cardiopulmonary baroreceptor stimulation are only expressed in the presence of an intact arterial baroreceptor input. PMID- 7119362 TI - Cardiovascular reflexes in conscious toads. AB - Methods used for implanting sensors and catheters in temporarily ether anesthetized toads (Bufo paracnemis) are described. Following recovery it was found that distension of the pulmocutaneous arterial trunk and high frequency electrical stimulation of the laryngeal nerve of conscious toads induce an abrupt fall in arterial pressure accompanied or not by bradycardia or cardiac arrest. A brief suppression of throat movements may occur but this is not a constant finding. The response is blocked by atropine or methyl-homatropine and persists in animals with high spinal sectioning, thus indicating its cholinergic parasympathetic nature. However a certain amount of sympathetic inhibition is not ruled out. Perfusion of the artery with lobeline and electrical stimulation of the laryngeal nerve at low frequency (1/s) induces a rise in arterial pressure which is blocked by phentolamine. The hypertension is followed by enhancing of both throat oscillations and electromyographic discharges. The occurrence of chemoreceptors in the pulmocutaneous arterial wall in these animals is discussed. Blockage of the laryngeal nerve with lidocaine or perfusion of the pulmocutaneous arterial trunk with the same solution elicited a blood pressure rise, tachycardia and enhanced ventilatory movements. This was attributed to suppression of the baroreceptor tonus. PMID- 7119363 TI - Effects of individual cardiac nerve stimulation on atrioventricular conduction. AB - This study investigated the effects of individual canine cardiac nerve stimulation on atrioventricular conductions as measured by His bundle electrograms. A-H and H-V intervals were measured before and during stimulation of each nerve in paced hearts (200 beats/min) and before and after blocking doses of either atropine or propranolol. Increases in A-H or H-V intervals were evidence of parasympathetic innervation; decreases in intervals were evidence of sympathetic innervation. Separation by autonomic composition produced 3 categories: sympathetic, parasympathetic, and mixed input to the atrioventricular junction. The sympathetic nerves were the left and right ansae subclavia, the ventrolateral cardiac nerve, and the right stellate cardiac nerve. The parasympathetic nerve was the right thoracic vagus, and the mixed nerves were the left thoracic vagus, and the innominate, ventromedial, craniovagal, caudovagal, and right recurrent cardiac nerves. The cardiac nerves eliciting a major response were the left and right ansae subclavia, the ventrolateral, right recurrent, craniovagal, and caudovagal cardiac nerves, and the left and right thoracic vagi. In theory, the nerves of the right side, because of their innervation of both sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes, may be expected to elicit a balanced heart rate-atrioventricular conduction response when stimulated, thus matching atrial and ventricular rates. On the other hand, stimulation of the ventrolateral cardiac nerve regularly produces dysrhythmia, due to increased automaticity at the atrioventricular junction. Production of such arrhythmias indicates the possible implication of imbalanced autonomic activity in arrhythmogenesis. Three cardiac nerves produced little or no effect on atrioventricular conduction. These were the innominate, ventromedial, and right stellate cardiac nerves. Because of its limited distribution and marked sinus rate effects, the right stellate cardiac nerve can be considered almost a purely positive chronotropic nerve. Its possible role in heart rate-atrioventricular conduction mismatching has not been delineated but, because of its nearly exclusive action at the sinoatrial node, may be of considerable importance. PMID- 7119364 TI - Transient vasodilatation in forearm on stimulation of carotid baroreceptors in man. AB - Carotid baroreceptor modulation of forearm vascular resistance was examined in 6 healthy subjects, each subject participating in 6 identical experimental runs. Forearm vascular resistance was calculated from simultaneous measurements of blood pressure and forearm blood flow (venous occlusion plethysmography). Carotid baroreceptor activity was modified by neck suction technique. To compare the effects of dynamic and static changes of baroreceptor activity neck suction was increased as a ramp lasting 6 s from -10 mm Hg (control) to -40 mm Hg and then maintained at this level. Measurements were started 15 s before and 9 s ('early') and 30 s ('late') after the onset of the suction ramp. Vascular resistance showed a significant (P less than 0.01) decrease during 'early' suction; but recovered partially and during 'late' suction there was no significant difference from control. The results indicate that carotid baroreceptors do modulate vascular resistance in the forearm and that the effect is more pronounced in response to dynamic than to static changes in baroreceptor input. PMID- 7119365 TI - Glucose utilization in sympathetic ganglia of male Fischer-344 rats at different ages. AB - The relation of glucose utilization to age was studied with the [14C]2-deoxy-D glucose method in 3 peripheral sympathetic ganglia of conscious male Fischer-344 rats. The hypogastric ganglion, coeliac-mesenteric ganglion complex and superior cervical ganglion were examined in 3-, 12-, 24- and 30-33-month-old animals. Glucose utilization increased significantly between 12 and 30-33 months in the superior cervical ganglion and between 3 and 24 months in the coeliac-mesenteric ganglion complex. No significant, age-related changes were observed in the hypogastric ganglion. In addition, neuron density decreased significantly between 3 and 12 months in the hypogastric ganglion and between 3 and 30-33 months in the coeliac-mesenteric ganglion complex, but no changes were observed in the superior cervical ganglion. Despite the increased glucose utilization in the superior cervical ganglion, heart rate decreased between 12 and 24 months, and mean arterial blood pressure decreased between 24 and 30-33 months. The results suggest that functional activity of some sympathetic ganglia increases in older rats, although end organ effects may be reduced. PMID- 7119366 TI - Tendon function of the extensor hallucis longus. PMID- 7119367 TI - Pyrolytic carbon as a joint replacement in the foot: a preliminary report. PMID- 7119368 TI - Medial plantar digital proper nerve syndrome (Joplin's neuroma)--typical presentation. AB - Joplin's neuroma, a painful pedal neuralgia, is a benign enlargement of the medial plantar digital proper nerve. The pathology is described as a degenerative process of the nerve characterized by perineural fibrosis. This clinical entity is thought to be caused by 1) trauma, 2) biomechanical imbalances, 3) entrapment, and 4) pinch callus resulting from interphalangeal joint accessory bone. This article illustrates typical presentation of the syndrome, taking into consideration the first two etiologic factors, which have not been reported in the literature. PMID- 7119369 TI - Halothane hepatitis: a series of case report following podiatric surgery. PMID- 7119370 TI - Postoperative fusarium osteomyelitis. PMID- 7119371 TI - DRATO procedure for tailor's bunion. PMID- 7119373 TI - Solitary osteochondroma of the ankle in a four-year-old. PMID- 7119372 TI - Consecutive stress fracture in a metatarsal. PMID- 7119374 TI - Ankylosis of metatarsophalangeal joint after lawn mower injury. PMID- 7119375 TI - The use of rigid orthoses in a surgically corrected clubfoot patient. PMID- 7119376 TI - Modified Caldwell procedure for correction of iatrogenic equinosupinatus deformity. AB - This work describes a split gastrocnemius musculotendinous surgical transfer procedure that may be used to correct an equinosupinatus deformity. The procedure was used to realign the foot of a patient whose deformity was iatrogenically induced by an improperly placed gluteal injection. The injection caused symptoms consistent with a sciatic nerve lesion, with resulting denervation, multiple leg atrophy, ensuing muscle imbalance, and equinosupinatus deformity. Correction was obtained by passing the medial portion of the gastrocnemius tendon and muscle deep to the lateral portion, around the lateral border of the fibula, and into the third cuneiform bone. This, along with a Dwyer calcaneal osteotomy and multiple digital procedures, brought the foot to a more corrected position and enabled the patient to walk asymptomatically. PMID- 7119377 TI - Dorsiflexory wedge osteotomy of the first ray utilizing internal cancellous screw fixation. PMID- 7119378 TI - Applying microsurgical techniques to podiatric surgery. PMID- 7119379 TI - [Perinatal mortality in the E.E.C. and Sweden. The demographic, political, and socio-economic factors]. PMID- 7119380 TI - [Mosaic 45,X/46,X,dic(Yq)/47,dic(Yq),dic(Yq) in a sterile man with normal phenotype]. PMID- 7119381 TI - [The bioavailability of natural progesterone given by mouth. Measurement of steroid concentrations in plasma, endometrium and breast tissue]. AB - The effects of two galenic processes (micronisation and addition of oil) on the bioavailability of progesterone administrated orally were studied. After ingestion of progesterone (200 mg), mean plasma progesterone rapidly rises up to the 2nd hour and reaches levels of the normal luteal phase (12.6 +/- 2.6 ng/mg). It then decreases progressively up to the 8th hour. Daily administration of progesterone (300 mg) for 8 days significantly increases the endometrial concentration of the steroid (18.3 +/- 2.9 ng/ml) and efficiently corrects the tissular hormone deficiency. The breast tissue uptakes and concentrates equally progesterone. After oral administration of the natural hormone, progesterone concentrations are considerably increased in the three tissue compartments studied (normal glands: 25.0 +/- 9.7 ng/g; benign tumor: 38.0 +/- 9.1 ng/g; adipose tissue: 160.2 +/- 65.4 ng/g). These pharmaco-kinetic results correspond to the requirements of general substitutive hormone therapy. They justify the use of natural oral progesterone therapy, providing the amount given is modified according to immediate clinical tolerance. PMID- 7119382 TI - [Cancer of the ovary: the usefulness of Cul-de-sac aspiration and the level of carcino-embryonic antigen in the peritoneal fluid]. AB - While it is useful to carry out aspiration from the Pouch of Douglas for screening for cancer of the ovary, the technique is irreplaceable for the follow up of tumours that have been operated on or irradiated or treated with chemotherapy. We have carried out 1,353 aspirations: 189 of these which were done routinely have been equivocal. 380 aspirations that were carried out because of abnormal symptoms led to the discovery of 26 cancers of which 2 were very early ones. 784 aspirations were carried out for follow-up. There were in all 4.8% blank aspirations, 0.5% false positives and 1.6% false negatives, which is an indication of the reliability of the method so long as certain points in the technique are carefully followed. These figures, which are quoted as a percentage of the total number of aspirations, however, become more important when considered as a percentage of the number of cancers that were diagnosed (5.5% false positive and 18% false negatives). Furthermore, the level of C.E.A. in peritoneal fluid is a method which can be added to cytology in following up the progress of the disease which is not to be dismissed. PMID- 7119383 TI - [Cytogenetic investigations on patients with difficulties in reproducing ]. PMID- 7119384 TI - [The results of cone biopsy of the cervix in women who have not yet reached the menopause ]. AB - The authors have studied the post-operative gynaecological and obstetrical results of conisation of the cervix in young women. Their study is of 143 conisations of which part of the subject is found in 81 cases where conisation was the only treatment for the cervical lesion. Haemorrage was an important complication occurring in 3 out of the 81 cases. Conisation does not alter the fertility of these women, who will require contraceptive measures to be taken if they want to avoid terminations of pregnancy. Pregnancy when it does continue in these patients after conisation is sometimes beset by complications due to this operation. Abortion occurs in 18% of cases and premature labour in 6%. The incidence of these complications is directly related to the amount of tissue cut out. When conisation is carried out during pregnancy the results can be bad. In these cases a limited conisation must be performed, or if possible this surgical manoeuvre should be done only after delivery. PMID- 7119385 TI - [The teratogenic risks of anti-epileptic treatment]. AB - Janz and Fuchs, in 1964, started the question of the teratogenicity of anti epileptic drugs by their publications. In Poitiers we have carried out a retrospective study on 56 epileptic women who gave birth to 85 children. We found that 12 of these children (14.4%) had malformations. These results confirm that there is a risk of malformation in the use of anti-epileptic measures, a conclusion which corresponds with those of the majority of authors. The hydantoins and the barbiturates seem to have an equal role to play but they do so by different mechanisms. The most common malformations are hare-lips or cleft palates and cardiopathies. The most obvious ones are the facial deformities and skeletal abnormalities; none of these are lethal. In spite of this risk all authors state that it is important to carry on with anti-epileptic treatment for the mothers' sake. PMID- 7119387 TI - [Amniotic membrane rupture and chorio-fetal adhesions]. AB - We report the anatomic and histological study of a fetus that had multiple developmental abnormalities which were secondary to a premature rupture of the amniotic sac followed by adhesion of the fetus to the placental chorion. There have been many case histories of this syndrome reported recently throughout the world. This is the first recent case reported in France. PMID- 7119386 TI - [Cystic fibrosis and pregnancy]. AB - The authors point out the problems that are raised when a patient with cystic fibrosis becomes pregnant. Pregnancy in a patient with cystic fibrosis is rare but these patients do not seem to have diminished fertility. So it is likely that in the future this combination will increase in frequency. The genetic risk is raised. Heterozygotic subjects are about 3 to 5% of the population and there is a risk of 1 in 4 that heterozygotic parents who already have one child with cystic fibrosis will have a second. The BM test and the sweat test are used to screen for the disease at birth. The pregnancy does not always progress well. The level of prematurity is more than 26% and perinatal mortality is 11%. Furthermore, the birthweight of these children is at the lower limits of normal. Finally, the pregnancy makes the mother's state worse with an increase in her lung signs and change in her respiratory function. On the other hand, diabetes seems to be easily controlled. In conclusion, pregnancy seems to be detrimental for these patients. PMID- 7119388 TI - [Exploratory salpingotomy]. AB - One of the difficulties in tubal surgery concerning the distal portion of the tube is the accurate assessment of the value of the ampullary muscularis and mucosa on which depend the choice of the right operative procedure and the prognosis. The difficulties are most important in case of total terminal occlusion particularly when the site of the former ostium is no longer visible. An exploratory salpingotomy preceding any repair is made under the operating microscope. The simple technique that we describe allows: --an accurate assessment of the inner ampulla; --lysis of the mucosal adhesions inside the ampulla; --detection of the former ostium from the inside and the incision in the right place. The functional consequences of such an incision are difficult to appraise because the number of cases is so far too small and the follow up too short. However, those consequences seem slight when compared to the advantages, which are better precision in the investigation, the indication and the execution of the surgical repair. PMID- 7119390 TI - Treatment of carpal instability without joint fusion--current assessment. PMID- 7119389 TI - [Iliac vein thrombosis with "floating blood clot" in the 37th week of pregnancy]. PMID- 7119392 TI - Vascularized autogenous whole joint transfer in the hand--a clinical study. AB - Nine vascularized autogenous whole joint transfers were employed in the reconstruction of traumatized joints of six male patients ages 6 to 38 years. The proximal interphalangeal joint was involved in four patients, the thumb metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint in two, and the small finger MP joint in one. In five patients, the donor joint came from the foot, and in one patient an MP joint was transferred from a digit that had sustained a more distal amputation. The mean follow-up was 24 months (range 13 to 38). Bony union as well as full radiographic preservation of the articular space has occurred in each case. Four joints were transferred with an open epiphysis and three demonstrated longitudinal growth and an intact epiphyseal plate. The mean range of active motion was 22 degrees/55 degrees. We believe the early results demonstrate the feasibility of this method of joint reconstruction in the young patient. PMID- 7119391 TI - Flexor pollicis longus abductor-plasty for spastic thumb-in-palm deformity. AB - Seven patients with thumb-in-palm deformity due to spasticity of the flexor pollicis longus (FPL) were treated by transferring the tendon of the FPL to the radical side of the proximal phalanx of the thumb and stabilizing the interphalangeal (IP) joint in 15 degrees of flexion by tenodesis or arthrodesis. Surgery was not performed unless: (1) the affected limb was used spontaneously for bimanual activities, (2) there was functional disability due to the thumb-in palm deformity, (3) the thumb could be passively extended and abducted with the wrist palmar flexed, or (4) the thumb could be actively adducted and the metacarpophalangeal joint flexed with the wrist palmar flexed. Neither low intelligence nor sensory deficit was considered an absolute contraindication to treatment. After the operation, there was improved appearance in the hands of all seven patients. The thumb was no longer held clenched in the palm. Each patient was able to use the operated hand for assistive grasp; however, ability to use the hand for manipulation of small objects and for pinch was not improved. In fact, one patient had decreased small object manipulative ability postoperatively and required subsequent tendon transfer to restore thumb adduction. Release of the FPL from its insertion, stabilization of the IP joint of the thumb, and transfer of the FPL to the radical side of the thumb can achieve improved thumb balance and function in patients with spastic FPL thumb-in-palm deformity who have functioning adductor pollicis and thumb extensors. The operation lessens thumb flexion and adduction and improves thumb extension and abduction. PMID- 7119393 TI - Radial shortening for the treatment of Kienbock's disease--a 5- to 10-year follow up. AB - Kienbock's disease is probably caused by microfractures or stress fractures developing within the lunate. In about 32% of the population, the vascular pattern to the lunate is such that after fracture they are vulnerable to a secondary aseptic necrosis of the lunate. The high incidence of Kienbock's disease in patients with an ulnar minus variant wrist may be explained by an increased stress on the lunate in dorsiflexion and ulnar deviation. This study is a 5- to 10-year follow-up of patients with early stages of Kienbock's disease and ulnar minus variant treated by radial shortening procedures. Eleven of the 12 patients were satisfied with their treatment and showed functional improvement. These patients returned to their normal activities. Grip strength was satisfactory, and range of motion improved following surgery. PMID- 7119394 TI - Progressive ultrastructural changes after peripheral nerve transection and repair. AB - Six rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) underwent sharp transection and repair of the intrinsic motor fascicles of both ulnar nerves in order to determine the sequential events during reinnervation of the distal stamp. Light and electron microscopic sections were made at 2.0 mm increments distal to the neurorrhaphy at weekly intervals in separate monkeys. Neurite sprouts could be identified distal to the neurorrhaphy by 1 week and were clearly evident 40 mm distal by 3 weeks. Although some old endoneurial tubules persisted, they were less often used as conduits or scaffolds for the regenerating neurites than previously described. Most new fibers, whether myelinated or unmyelinated, passed down new endoneurial tubules, thus precluding perfect end-organ specificity because the regenerating neurites seldom utilized old endoneurial tubules. The clinical implication suggested by this study is that the ideal situation is the immediate repair of transected nerves. This allows neurite sprouts to cross a neurorrhaphy rapidly and reinnervate end organs. PMID- 7119395 TI - Digital reconstruction using the toe flap-- report of 10 cases. AB - The vascular-pedicle "wrap-around" free flap was used in five patients for reconstruction in amputations distal to the metacarpophalangeal joint. In five other patients who had normal thumbs but had lost all fingers, the technique was expanded to include the second toe with great toe wrap-around flap. All patients did well, but significant bone peg resorption occurred in six patients and in three others the bone peg fractured. PMID- 7119396 TI - Internal stabilization in the thumb. AB - An analysis of the thumb as an articular chain, with the biarticular tendon displacement used as a model, is presented. Comparison of the extensor pollicis longus/flexor pollicis longus (EPL/FPL) tendon displacement ratios at the three joints, as determined from cadaver studies, shows that the thumb will be unstable, with a persistent tendency to extend at the carpometacarpal (CMC) joint and flex at the interphalangeal (IP) joint when it is under the exclusive control of the EPL and FPL muscles. In addition, according to the model, with stabilization of the CMC joint, the MCP joint will tend to extend and the IP joint will flex. Clinical data from thumbs of leprosy patients with thenar paralyses largely confirm these predictions and the validity of this approach in studying the functional behavior of the thumb. PMID- 7119397 TI - Ulnar variance determination. PMID- 7119398 TI - Experience with peritendinous fibrosis of the dorsum of the hand. AB - Fifteen patients with a diagnosis of peritendinous fibrosis of the dorsum of the hand (Secretan's disease) were treated between 1958 and 1980. Thirteen patients had excision of a dorsal fibroma with extensor tendolysis when necessary. Preoperative findings included a hard dorsal mass and limitation of motion. Postoperative courses were characterized by prolonged periods of rehabilitation and recurrent episodes of swelling. Twelve of 15 patients returned to work 3 to 30 months postoperatively. Permanent disability was substantial. None of these patients had significant wound healing problems, and all had improved range of motion. The question of self-inflicted injury was raised in five cases but could not be demonstrated. PMID- 7119399 TI - Dorsal Dupuytren's disease. AB - A previously undescribed lesion of Dupuytren's disease is presented. Between the level of the proximal interphalangeal joint and that of the distal interphalangeal joint, the extensor tendon expansion was found to be involved in an actively contracting nodule of Dupuytren's disease. Resection of this nodule restored full extensor tendon excursion. The lesion was quite distinct from the classic "knuckle pad' lesion seen in similar patients with a strong diathesis. PMID- 7119401 TI - Simultaneous posterior and anterior interosseous nerve syndromes. AB - A patient with simultaneous posterior and anterior interosseous nerve syndromes is presented. During induction of anesthesia, the paralyzed muscles exhibited denervation sensitivity to succinylcholine. Following exploration and repair of a posterior interosseous nerve defect, full function returned in the dorsal muscles as well as the flexor pollicis longus and pronator quadratus muscles. PMID- 7119400 TI - Factors related to the resolution of treated hand infections. AB - One hundred thirty-eight patients with acute hand infection (81% deep) treated from 1970 to 1980 in hospital were reviewed. Resolution time of infection was slow, 8 days or longer in 57% of 135 patients and 15 days or longer in 28%. Such slow resolution occurred in infection of closed anatomical spaces and included 50% of all pulp space and joint infections, 23% of tenosynovitis, and 24% of subcutaneous dorsal had infections. There was a direct correlation between increasing treatment delay and slower resolution of infections in pulp spaces, palmar spaces, joints, and tendon sheaths. If the mean treatment delay was greater than a brief 2 1/2 days, 69% of tenosynovitis showed delayed resolution. Other factors associated with the rate of resolution were adequacy of surgical drainage, efficacy of antibiotics, and associated diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7119402 TI - Infiltrating lipoma of the proper digital nerves. AB - Lipomas are one of the most commonly encountered benign soft tissue tumors. Their frequent occurrence and exact anatomic distribution in the hand and upper extremity have been well documented. A review of the current literature shows that these lesions are most often asymptomatic and occur only rarely with the fingers. Our recent experience has been at variance with this is that we have encountered two patients with symptomatic infiltrating lipomas of the proper digital nerves. The following report documents the clinical presentation, treatment, and postoperative course of these patients. PMID- 7119404 TI - English horn players thumb. PMID- 7119403 TI - Compression syndrome of the recurrent motor branch of the median nerve. AB - Carpal tunnel compression and its surgical release has been well described. Motor branch anomalies of the median nerve have also been documented in the literature. Independent recurrent motor branch compression of the median nerve appears to exist in the presence of carpal tunnel symptomatology or as an independent entity. Eight presentations of concomitant or independent compression of the recurrent motor branch of the median nerve have been reviewed. These cases can be subdivided into cases presenting with or without carpal tunnel symptomatology, as well as into two types of independent compression patterns: the first being a direct fascial penetration and entrapment and the second being an acute angulation of the recurrent branch with apparent impingement by the transverse carpal retinaculum. Attention should be directed to the inspection and decompression of the motor branch of the median nerve in those cases that present thenar muscle pathology either clinically or electrodiagnostically. PMID- 7119405 TI - A letter to a radiologist friend. PMID- 7119406 TI - Response: a letter to a gastroenterologist friend. PMID- 7119407 TI - Reversal of lower esophageal sphincter hypotension and esophageal aperistalsis after treatment for hypothyroidism. AB - A 65-year-old woman suffered from both chronic gastroesophageal reflux, which was complicated by columnar metaplasia (Barrett's epithelium), and profound hypothyroidism. An esophageal motility tracing showed absence of peristalsis in the lower esophagus and the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) could not be identified. Thyroid replacement therapy, in conjunction with antacid and cimetidine treatment, was associated not only with improvement in the gastroesophageal reflux symptoms, but also with a return of esophageal peristalsis and LES pressure to normal. To support our clinical observations, we rendered four cats hypothyroid with 131I and documented a fall in LES pressure. We propose that abnormal smooth-muscle function of the esophagus may be another manifestation of the gastrointestinal motility disturbances which are associated with hypothyroidism. PMID- 7119408 TI - Gastric and pancreatic function in patients with end-stage renal disease. AB - Gastroduodenal disease such as peptic ulcer and duodenitis is increased in patients with end-stage renal disease. Gastric hypersecretion of acid proposed as the underlying mechanism has been disputed because peptic ulcer has occurred even in those with normal or low gastric acid secretion. We studied the pancreatic exocrine secretion of bicarbonate (HCO3) and the concentration of plasma pepsinogens in addition to gastric acid secretion in 15 patients on chronic hemodialysis, 10 patients wih previous renal transplantation and compared them with 10 subjects without gastrointestinal or renal disease. We confirmed hypersecretion of gastric acid in renal disease. We confirmed hypersecretion of gastric acid in renal patients on chronic hemodialysis but not in transplant patients. In addition, we found basal but hyposecretion of HCO3 and hyperpepsinogenemia in both renal groups. These observations suggest that the high incidence of gastroduodenal disease in end-stage renal disease might, in part, be due to the simultaneous occurrence of gastric acid hypersecretion, basal hyposecretion of HCO3 by the pancreas, and hyperpepsinogenemia. PMID- 7119409 TI - Endoscopic removal of gastric phytobezoars. AB - We encountered 11 patients with 13 gastric phytobezoars over a 15-month period. Barium contrast studies failed to detect the bezoar in 55% (6/11), whereas all concretions were evident during endoscopy. Gastric, duodenal, or marginal ulcers were noted at endoscopy in 45% (5/11), but none were detected on radiography. Various forms of medical therapy were unsuccessful in eliminating the bezoars. Two patients were treated surgically and two were lost to follow-up. Nine bezoars in the remaining seven patients were removed completely by suctioning the fragmented concretion through a large channel endoscope (Olympus GIF-1T or TCF 1S) in well-tolerated treatment sessions lasting an average of 50-60 minutes. No complications or failures were encountered, but symptoms were not usually eliminated after evacuation of the bezoar. Endoscopic removal of bezoars offers an attractive alternative to surgery or other forms of medical therapy. PMID- 7119410 TI - Extent of colonic visualization with the fiberoptic sigmoidoscope. AB - Forty-two patients underwent flexible sigmoidoscopy in the radiology department. After maximal insertion of the sigmoidoscope, a supine abdominal film documented the position of the tip of the instrument. Correlation with barium enema in all patients determined the extent of visualization of the colon relative to the length of insertion of the sigmoidoscope. Insertion to 60 cm was achieved in 31 (74%), 40-59 cm in six (14%), 25-39 cm in three (7%), and under 25 cm in two (5%), with a mean depth of insertion of 54 cm. Full insertion examined the entire sigmoid colon in 14 (45%) of 31 patients. Insertion between 40-59 cm achieved complete sigmoid evaluation in only one (17%) of six patients. Thus, flexible sigmoidoscopy does not necessarily guarantee evaluation of the entire sigmoid colon. PMID- 7119411 TI - Subacute hepatic failure; is it a distinct entity? AB - We prospectively studied patients with subacute hepatic failure due to subacute hepatitis to find out 1) its relative prevalence compared to acute liver failure due to fulminant hepatitis and chronic liver failure due to chronic active hepatitis; 2) its clinical, biochemical, and morphological hepatitis; 3) the role of virus B in its etiology; and 4) its prognosis and whether there were any predictors of bad prognosis. Thirty-three patients with subacute hepatic failure were registered during a 3-year period. Persistent or progressively deepening jaundice of 8 weeks duration and development of moderate to sever ascites in patients starting otherwise typical features of acute viral hepatitis, defined the subacute hepatic failure group. The characteristic features included moderate to deep icterus, ascites, and peripheral edema; encephalopathy and gastrointestinal bleeding were infrequent. Liver function tests were abnormal but not diagnostic. Submassive and bridging necrosis of the liver were the main histological findings. Virus B etiology was recorded in 42% of the patients. Mortality was 66%. This condition is highly fatal and not infrequent in India. PMID- 7119412 TI - Type I herpes simplex esophagitis with concomitant esophageal moniliasis. PMID- 7119413 TI - Kaposi's sarcoma: endoscopic observations of gastric and colon involvement. AB - Kaposi's sarcoma is a multisystem neoplastic disease in which skin manifestations are usually seen first. Visceral involvement is frequent and the gastrointestinal tract is the most common location. We report a patient with Kaposi's sarcoma in whom the typical violaceous skin lesions were the sarcoma in whom the typical violaceous skin lesions were the only overt clinical manifestations, but the patient had multiple macular angiodysplastic-like lesions on colonoscopy. In contrast to the uniform appearance of the colonic lesions, polypoid, volcano, and maculopapular lesions were seen in the stomach on endoscopy. This report provides probably the first endoscopic description of the colonic lesions of Kaposi's sarcoma and contrasts them with the typical upper gastrointestinal lesions. A thorough gastrointestinal survey should be performed in all patients with Kaposi's sarcoma to delineate involvement, since appropriate treatment will be dictated by the presence or absence of visceral involvement. PMID- 7119414 TI - Current status of radiology in evaluating for gastroesophageal reflux disease. PMID- 7119415 TI - An isolated liver lesion. PMID- 7119416 TI - The sick and the dead: the development of psychological theory on necrophilia from Krafft-Ebing to the present. AB - Researchers dealing with necrophilia over the past century have conducted their investigations using a great variety of methodological strategies and theoretical formulations. The multiplicity of approaches has been partially responsible for the diverse nature of speculations on the etiology, essence, and evolution of necrophilia, and for the accumulation of case histories and an aggregation of data from which it is exceedingly difficult to draw generalizations. There are only two assumptions on which most of the investigators agree. One is that necrophilia is exceedingly rare. The other is that the literature on the subject is severely limited. This paper not only questions the first assumption but establishes that the second is demonstrably false. It also attempts to locate some measure of constancy among the several theoretical lines on necrophilia that have emerged since the time of Krafft-Ebing, to evaluate their effect on scholarship, and to provide some sense of the directions taken by more recent investigators. PMID- 7119417 TI - The education of historians of medicine. PMID- 7119418 TI - Advances in serotonin methods. PMID- 7119419 TI - High resolution radioautography of central 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neurons. PMID- 7119420 TI - Selective demonstration of serotonergic neurons and terminals in electron micrographs: loading with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine and fixation with NaMnO4. PMID- 7119421 TI - X-ray analytical electron microscopy of central serotonergic neurons. PMID- 7119422 TI - Simultaneous ultrastructural localization of tritiated serotonin and immunoreactive peptides. PMID- 7119423 TI - Postsynaptic action of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the hippocampal slice. PMID- 7119424 TI - Measurement of the in vivo release of 3H-serotonin using a push-pull cannula implanted in selected brain structures of the cat. PMID- 7119425 TI - Measurement of serotonin receptors in post-mortem human brain. PMID- 7119427 TI - Intermittent-noise effects and hygienic standards. AB - Effects of variable equivalent intermittent noises on hearing acuity, peripheral vascular tonus and the latent period of motor responses were studied experimentally. Two-hour exposure to noise in the form of noise intervals of rectangular shape alternating with pause intervals at ratios of 20 :5, 20 :20, 20 :30, 10 :20 and 30 :60 seconds or to nonfluctuating noise was used. In all instances the equivalent level of noise was 80 dB(A). It was found that the degree of biological effect depended on the summary duration of the noise intervals in the total exposure period. A formula for correcting noise-level safety standards in the case of intermittent noises was proposed, viz: (formula; see text) where tau = summary duration of noise intervals and T = exposure time under evaluation. The possibility of using this relation also in evaluating situations where complementary to the equivalent level also the peak level of a given noise is subject to standardization is discussed. PMID- 7119426 TI - A detailed protocol for the in vitro radioautographic visualization of serotonergic receptors. PMID- 7119428 TI - Preparation and study of composite insecticido-repellent aerosols. AB - Insecticido-repellent mixtures sprayed on clothes, nets etc. are useful as a means of protection against attack by bloodsucking arthropods. These sprays provide repellence of insects sensitive to the repellent and kill those that are only weakly repellent sensitive. Combined formulae for aerosols including repellent DETA and the synthetic pyrethroid neopynamin ("Neorepellent-2") or sumithrin ("Sumirepellent") were proposed. The composite sprays were studied in an olfactometer fleas (X. cheopis) and under practical conditions by treating clothes with 7-15 g of mixture per 1 m2. The composite sprays gave 100% repellence for fleas and mosquitoes, 80-50% repellence for simuliids, 65-70% repellence for ceratopogonids and tabanids, 90-95% for ticks, and they killed 100% of insects having contacted treated surface. As regards Ixodes ticks, "Sumirepellent" was more effective than "Neorepellent-2" and caused irreversible paralysis. Toxicological tests showed the composite sprays to be safe in broad scale practical use provided that measures of precaution were kept. PMID- 7119429 TI - A comparative assessment of efficacy of three anticoagulant rodenticides. AB - Results are presented of feeding tests carried out with three common anticoagulant rodenticides viz., coumatetralyl, fumarin and warfarin on three common species of commensal rodents i.e., Rattus rattus, Rattus norvegicus and Bandicota bengalensis. All three species of rodents were susceptible to anticoagulant rodenticides. However, the action of these compounds in B. bengalensis was comparatively slow. Coumatetralyl was found to be the most effective rodenticide followed by fumarin and warfarin. Liquid baits of these compounds are more effective in comparison to food baits. PMID- 7119430 TI - Naegleria fowleri in cooling waters of power plants. AB - Six strains of nonvirulent and three strains of virulent variants of Naegleria fowleri amoebae were isolated from the examined cooling water samples from 9 power plants. The virulent variants were obtained solely from effluents discharged from power plants with a closed-circuit cooling N. fowleri was not detected outside the reach of the thermal pollution. A disinfection of out flowing cooling water seems to be an unnecessary investment in our climate. Warm discharge water should under no conditions be used directly for sports and recreational purposes. PMID- 7119431 TI - Experimental infection with Ancylostoma caninum larvae in mice. VII. Role of promethazine hydrochloride in the rejection of worm burden from the intestine. AB - Acquired resistance of female swiss albino mice (6 to 8 weeks old) to Ancylostoma caninum infection was demonstrated by the transfer of mesenteric lymph node cells (MLNC) from resistant (sensitised and promethazine treated), sensitised and untreated and non-sensitised and untreated donors to normal recipients of the same isogeneic strain. MLNC from sensitised and promethazine treated donors were more effective in suppressing the rejection mechanism of worm burden in recipients in comparison to the cells obtained from other donor groups; the drug may be exerting an inhibitory action at either the specific lymphoid level (reducing antibodies effect) and at the non-specific amine level. PMID- 7119432 TI - Detection of human Bhanja virus-specific antibodies in Czechoslovakia. AB - Blood sera from 185 Czechoslovak citizens, residents of South-Moravia (Znojmo district: 107, Breclav district: 13) and East-Slovakia (Roznava district: 65) regions, were examined for the presence of neutralizing antibodies to Bhanja arbovirus, using PS and Vero cell lines, constant dose of virus and serial serum dilutions. Specific antibody titres greater than or equal to 1:10 were detected in the sera of 10 persons (i.e. 5.4% of all examined), of which 5 men and 4 women were from district of Roznava (13.8% of all examinees in this district) and 1 woman (forest worker) was from district of Znojmo (0.9% of all examinees in this district), but she could not be excluded to get infected while staying abroad (USSR) for a certain period prior to examination. Striking prevalence of seropositivity among the inhabitants of the Roznava district is apparently linked with two circumstances: this area is infested with Haemaphysalis punctata and Dermacentor marginatus ticks (Bhanja virus vector) and all the seroapositive subjects there in contact with goats and sheep. Detection of the human Bhanja virus-specific antibodies is the first one made on the territory of Czechoslovakia; linked with the previously reported seropositivity of goats and sheep in this area it indicates the presence of this arbovirus in the East Slovakia region. PMID- 7119433 TI - Seasonal and sex-related changes in the levels of immunoglobulins and lysozyme in a semicohort of children during a three-year period. AB - A semicohort of 289 children of both sexes, initial age 9.5 +/- 0.4 years, was monitored in three urban localities of the Central-Bohemia Region over a period of three years. The children were examined twice a year, always after the summer and winter seasons; examined were: immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA, IgM) and lysozyme (LYS) levels in the blood serum and IgA and LYS levels in the saliva. The time series of six examinations revealed significant season-related fluctuations: peaks of mean IgG and IgM levels were detected after the summer months, mean LYS levels peaked after the winter season. The indicators monitored in the saliva did not show any significant season-dependent changes, but their values fluctuated considerably, with a highest decline at about 11 years of age. Intersexual differences were significant and also data from individual localities were found to differ. The distribution curves, constructed from data of three autumn and three spring measurements, revealed that the values of spring IgG and IgM levels differed significantly from those measured in autumn, showing a shift towards the lower values. No seasonal changes were observed in the levels of IgA, secretory IgA and LYS. The highest number of children with subnormal values was found in case of IgA, which is explainable by a physiologically occurring developmental deficiency of this type of immunoglobulin. The occurrence of subnormal IgG and IgM levels was markedly season-related, within a maximum in spring. The subnormal levels were significantly more frequently in boys. PMID- 7119434 TI - Starting points for mass outbreaks. PMID- 7119436 TI - Demonstration of a cyclic renewal of the lymphocyte precursor cells in the quail thymus during embryonic and perinatal life. PMID- 7119435 TI - Soluble factors in tolerance and contact sensitivity to DNFB in mice. V. Genetic requirements for stimulating suppressor factor production in vitro. PMID- 7119437 TI - Lymphocyte recognition of lymph node high endothelium. IV. Cell surface structures mediating entry into lymph nodes. PMID- 7119439 TI - Abnormal natural killer cell activity in systemic lupus erythematosus: an intrinsic defect in the lytic event. AB - The natural killer (NK) cell activity in fifteen systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients was investigated by employing 51-chromium- (51Cr) release microcytotoxicity and single cell cytotoxicity assays against K562 target cells. Although the SLE patients as a group had depressed NK function in the 51Cr release assay compared to normal subjects (p less than 0.005), those with clinically active disease displayed the greatest impairment in this activity (p less than 0.001). Active SLE patients were deficient in overall NK activity (Vmax) (p less than 0.005) but had normal percentages of potentially cytotoxic target binding cells (TBC). These TBC, however, were unable to normally kill bound target cells (p less than 0.01), which is indicative of a deficiency of "active" NK cells (p less than 0.005). Those NK cells with intact cytotoxic capabilities could "recycle" and repeat the lytic sequence normally. Exposure of normal lymphocytes to SLE sera did not impair any phase of NK function. These studies indicate that defective NK activity in SLE is secondary to an abnormality in the lytic event itself and is not due to a deficiency of NK cells, an abnormality in target binding, or an inability of NK cells to lyse multiple targets. Additionally, serum factors do not appear to play a major etiologic role in the cytotoxic abnormalities of these patients. PMID- 7119440 TI - Evidence for placing the Neu-1 locus within the mouse H-2 complex. AB - Congenic lines B10.KPA42, B10.KPA132, B10.SNA57, B10.DRB62, and B10.WOA105 carry H-2 haplotypes of wild mice on the genetic background of the strain C57BL/10Sn. Two of the lines (B10.DRB62 and B10.WOA105) have H-2 haplotypes indistinguishable from H-2v of B10.SM. The H-2 haplotype of one line (B10.SNA57) seems to have arisen from H-2v by recombination between the D and Qa-2 loci. The H-2 haplotypes of the remaining two lines probably arose from H-2v by recombination between the C4 and D loci. Since all six and no other lines carry the rare Neu-1a allele, the neuraminidase-1 locus is probably located proximal to the H-2D locus. Typing of H 2s recombinants for the enzyme acid phosphatase liver, the processing of which is controlled by the Neu-1 locus, suggests that the locus resides between the E alpha and D loci, that is in the S region. PMID- 7119438 TI - Correlation between clinical activity of systemic lupus erythematosus and the amounts of DNA in DNA/anti-DNA antibody immune complexes. AB - The relationship between clinical activity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and molecular sizes of DNA fragments isolated from DNA/anti-DNA antibody immune complexes were examined. Among sera from twenty-eight patients with SLE examined, three different molecular sizes of DNA were identified, namely, DNA of m.v. 25,000 with 30 to 50 base pairs (bp); m.w. 100,000 with 150 to 200 bp; and m.w. 200,000 with 300 bp. On the basis of the molecular sizes of DNA fragments, we can divide patients with SLE into four groups. The first group contained DNA predominantly of m.w. 25,000. The second group contained DNA predominantly of m.w. 100,000. The third group contained DNA of m.w. 200,000. The fourth group contained both m.w. 25,000 and 100,000. A method to quantitate the amounts of DNA in DNA/anti-DNA immune complexes was developed. The amount of DNA fragments was estimated by measuring the amount of 32P-phosphate incorporated into 5 ends of DNA. Patients with severe disease tended to have greater amounts of DNA (up to 400 ng/ml serum). Two serial studies also support this result. Thus, the quantitative analysis shows that the amount of DNA in the immune complexes is highly correlated with disease activity (r = 0.864; p less than 0.001). These results suggest that DNA/anti-DNA immune complexes may play some role in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis. PMID- 7119441 TI - Properties of a new complement-dependent bactericidal factor specific for Ra chemotype salmonella in sera of conventional and germ-free mice. AB - A complement-dependent bactericidal factor, Ra-reactive factor, that acts specifically on Ra chemotype strains of Salmonella was found in sera of eighteen strains of nonimmune mice, including a thymusless strain. The specificity of binding of this factor to the cells of Ra chemotype bacteria was evidenced by absorption studies. The factor was inactivated by treatment with 0.02 M 2 mercaptoethanol or heating for 30 min at 55 degrees C. This factor was present in mice reared by feeding with a chemically defined, antigen-free diet under germ free conditions. Fetal and newborn mice from a conventional or germ-free mother had the factor, although the titer was lower than the adults'. The titer in the newborn mice reached adult level 1 wk after birth. The titer in the adult mice did not increase markedly after immunization with heat-killed bacteria or administration of Freund's complete adjuvant and turpentine. These results indicate that this factor is actively produced by mice that have never been stimulated with exogenous Ra antigen. PMID- 7119442 TI - Prophylactic immunization against experimental leishmaniasis: I. Protection induced in mice genetically vulnerable to fatal Leishmania tropica infection. PMID- 7119443 TI - Schistosoma mansoni surface antigen defined by a rat monoclonal IgG2a. AB - A schistosomula surface antigen of 38,000 daltons has been isolated by using a rat monoclonal IgG2a that has been shown to confer protection against S. mansoni infection by passive transfer in rats. This antigen is one of the previously characterized surface proteins reacting with sera from various infected hosts, including rat, mouse, monkey, and human. Studies on parasites of different developmental stages indicated the presence of this antigen on cercariae and skin derived or mechanically transformed schistosomula. PMID- 7119444 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to human alpha-interferon and their use for affinity chromatography. AB - A new screening procedure has been developed and used for the identification of three hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies to human leukocyte interferon (IFN-alpha). The screening procedure is based on immune precipitation with a second antibody, acid dissociation of the precipitate, and bioassay of the recovered interferon. This procedure selects for monoclonal antibodies that are suitable for affinity chromatography, as demonstrated by construction of immunoadsorbents from these monoclonal antibodies and purification to homogeneity in IFN-alpha. PMID- 7119445 TI - Defective natural cytotoxicity in patients with cancer: normal number of effector cells but decreased recycling capacity in patients with advanced disease. AB - Patients with advanced cancer exhibited lower natural cytotoxicity against K562 target cells in a standard short-term chromium release assay than did patients with localized malignancy or normal individuals. Although natural killer (NK) activity of advanced cancer patients could be augmented by nylon column depletion of adherent cells and enriched further by fractionation of discontinuous Percoll gradients, the NK level attained remained below that obtained from PBL of normal donors treated by the same procedures. The pattern of NK activity obtained on the Percoll gradients was the same for all individuals studied. The proportion of large granular lymphocytes (LGL) paralleled NK activity and was highest in the peak NK fraction in all individuals tested. Advanced cancer patients with low NK activity showed no decrease in number of LGL from that of other cancer patients or normals. Similarly, there was no decrease in target binding cell number. Using a single-cell assay in agarose, we found that the number of active NK cells was the same for all patients, whether with localized or advanced malignancy, and normal subjects. In a 3-hr time period, there were no differences in the rate of killing in agarose. The maximum killing potential (Vmax) of the NK-deficient advanced cancer patients in a 51Cr-release assay was significantly lower than that of normals or other cancer patients. The observed defect in natural cytotoxicity of these patients thus appeared to be due to a reduced recycling capacity. PMID- 7119446 TI - Mechanism of cell-mediated cytotoxicity at the single cell level. IV. Natural killing and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity can be mediated by the same human effector cell as determined by the two-target conjugate assay. PMID- 7119447 TI - Production and renewal of murine natural killer cells in the spleen and bone marrow. PMID- 7119449 TI - A possible aberrant line of BALB/c-H-2dm2 mutant mice. PMID- 7119448 TI - Avidity of antibodies to dsDNA. PMID- 7119450 TI - Serological detection of an X-associated antigen in the mouse using a cellular radioimmunobinding assay. PMID- 7119451 TI - Esterase staining of monocytes in suspensions of Ficoll-Paque isolated mononuclear cells. PMID- 7119452 TI - Isolation of two immunoglobulin G subclasses, IgG2 and IgG1, from hamster serum using protein A-sepharose. AB - The isolation of hamster immunoglobulin classes and subclasses by affinity chromatography on protein A and selective elution was studied using 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 8. The IgG fraction was completely absorbed, while IgM did not bind. Sequential application of buffers of decreasing pH allowed the elution of pure IgG2 (eluted at pH 6) and IgG1 (eluted at pH 5). Both subclasses were fully recovered. IgG2 could be subfractionated into 2 peaks eluted respectively at pH 6.5 and 6. Immunodiffusion of the whole IgG2 fraction against anti-hamster immunoglobulin serum gave 2 precipitation lines. One of these lines was missing in the pH 6.5 fraction. Until now only 2 IgG subclasses have been described and these results suggest heterogeneity of hamster IgG2. PMID- 7119453 TI - A rapid one-step radiometric assay for hepatitis B surface antigen utilizing monoclonal antibodies. AB - A two-site antigen assay for HBsAg has been developed that employs 3 monoclonal antibodies. The antibodies were selected for their high affinity and their particular epitope specificity to establish an assay with a sensitivity for the antigen comparable with that of a conventional assay with heterologous antisera. In addition, by selecting a monoclonal antibody for use as a tracer which does not compete for antigenic binding sites with the solid-phase monoclonal antibodies, it has been possible to perform a two-site assay in a single 1 h incubation step, achieving the same degree of sensitivity. This principle of using monoclonal antibodies in a one-step assay therefore gives advantages of speed and simplicity over assays using heterologous antisera and would be applicable to a variety of antigen assays for which appropriate monoclonal antibodies are available. PMID- 7119454 TI - Detection of IgE- and IgG-binding proteins after electrophoretic transfer from polyacrylamide gels. AB - An electrophoretic technique for transferring proteins to a nitrocellulose membrane has been applied to proteins separated in polyacrylamide gels by isoelectric focusing, and gradient, SDS and 2-dimensional electrophoresis. Allergenic proteins were then identified by successive incubation of the transfer membrane with serum from allergic individuals and with 125I-labelled anti-human IgE, followed by autoradiography. Alternatively, IgG binding proteins were detected using 125I-labelled protein A. The application of these methods was illustrated with cereal grain proteins and sera from individuals with bakers' asthma and coeliac disease. This approach allowed the easy comparison of allergens important for different patients in a single source, and of allergens present in different but cross-reacting sources. PMID- 7119455 TI - Fixed protein A-containing staphylococci as solid-phase immunoadsorbents. AB - Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I containing protein A were rapidly fixed in hot 5% (w/v) trichloroacetic acid (TCA) for 6 min in order to remove the negatively charged cell wall polymer teichoic acid. This resulted in a stable IgG adsorbent able to bind 1.4 mg of human IgG/ml 10% (v/v) suspension for at least 5 months. This IgG binding ability is 25% less than for formalin-fixed bacteria, which were stable for at least 1 year. Preincubation of the bacterial adsorbents in 0.5% (v/v) Tween 20 after fixation prolonged stability and rendered prewashes prior to use unnecessary. IgG could be quantitatively eluted from TCA-fixed bacteria at pH 3.0, but not from formalin-fixed bacteria unless 80 mM MgCl2 was included in the acid buffer. This is explained by ionic interaction between IgG and teichoic acid at the bacterial surface at low pH. Non-specific binding of different proteins to the bacterial adsorbents was also studied and buffers for reducing this effect are suggested. PMID- 7119457 TI - Ankylosing spondylitis in tribal belt of Chhotanagpur region. PMID- 7119456 TI - Purification of carcinoembryonic antigen by affinity chromatography with anti alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. AB - Purification of radiolabeled carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) preparations by affinity chromatography with anti-AG bound to Sepharose was attempted, since an immunological similarity between AG (alpha 1-acid glycoprotein) and a portion of CEA had been noted. When 125I-CEA was purified in this manner, the fraction which did not bind to the column showed decreased reactivity with either anti-AG or anti-CEA. The retained fraction showed enhanced reactivity with both anti-AG and anti-CEA. The yield of purified CEA increased when the CEA preparation was allowed to react with the anti-AG column overnight. Purification of CEA from tumor tissue was performed by affinity chromatography. A perchloric acid (PCA) extract from cancer tissue was mixed with antiserum against CEA to give an immune complex, and a CEA-reactive fraction obtained by PCA extraction. The CEA-reactive fraction was eluted from a Sephadex G-200 column, and final purification was by anti-AG chromatography. When purified CEA was applied to a Sephadex G-200 column with carrier protein after labeling with 125I, the eluted radioactivity was found only in the 180,000 dalton fraction. Almost all the radioactivity was precipitated from the labeled protein by either anti-AG or anti-CEA. Purification of CEA is possible by affinity chromatography with anti-AG bound to Sepharose. PMID- 7119459 TI - Rhinosporidiosis of subcutaneous tissue. PMID- 7119458 TI - Role of various antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents on acute uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis. PMID- 7119460 TI - Transient recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy with moniliasis of the larynx in typhoid fever. PMID- 7119463 TI - Adding life to years. PMID- 7119462 TI - Carcinoma of the frontal sinus. PMID- 7119461 TI - Rhabdomyosarcoma of tibia. PMID- 7119464 TI - Sterilization of the retarded: a break in the impasse? PMID- 7119465 TI - Late presentation of intraventricular hemorrhage in term infants without predisposing factors. PMID- 7119466 TI - Successful management of hypercalcemic crisis. PMID- 7119467 TI - Wegener's granulomatosis: curable cause of rapidly progressive renal failure. PMID- 7119468 TI - Sunlight and skin. PMID- 7119469 TI - Springs in their feet. PMID- 7119470 TI - Nadolol as adjunctive therapy in hyperthyroidism. PMID- 7119471 TI - Clinical notes: impactions and constipation in children. PMID- 7119472 TI - LifeFlight: Indiana's second hospital-based helicopter transport service. PMID- 7119473 TI - Calling LifeFlight . . . trauma patient! PMID- 7119474 TI - Medical practice management: marketing concepts for medical practices. PMID- 7119475 TI - Acid-labile human leukocyte interferon in homosexual men with Kaposi's sarcoma and lymphadenopathy. AB - Some immunologic parameters in homosexual patients with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) or unexplained lymphadenopathy resemble findings in patients with autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Many patients with SLE have an unusual acid-labile form of human leukocyte interferon (HuIFN-alpha) in their serum. Sera from 91 homosexual men were tested for the presence of HuIFN. Of 27 patients with KS, 17 had significant titers of HuIFN in their serum. Ten of 35 patients with lymphadenopathy and three of four patients with other clinical symptoms also had circulating HuIFN. In contrast, only two of 25 apparently healthy subjects had serum HuIFN. All 32 samples of HuIFN had antiviral activity on bovine cells, a characteristic of HuIFN-alpha, and all of 14 representative samples tested were neutralized by antibody to HuIFN-alpha. In addition, the HuIFN-alpha in six of eight representative patients was inactivated at pH 2 and therefore appears to be similar to the HuIFN-alpha found in patients with SLE. These findings suggest that an autoimmune disorder may underly lymphadenopathy and KS in homosexual men. PMID- 7119476 TI - Recovery of staphylococcal enterotoxin F from the breast milk of a woman with toxic-shock syndrome. AB - At 22 hr after an uncomplicated delivery of a healthy full-term infant, a 26-year old woman developed toxic-shock syndrome (TSS). A vaginal culture yielded a coagulase-positive Staphylococcus that produced staphylococcal enterotoxin F (SEF) but no other enterotoxins. Breast milk specimens obtained on postpartum days 5, 8, and 11 contained 3.0, 2.5, and 2.0 ng of SEF/ml, respectively. Sera obtained from the mother on postpartum days 4 and 38 had titers (by radioimmunoassay) of antibody to SEF of 1:5 and less than 1:5, a result demonstrating a persisting lack of antibody to SEF after the first episode of TSS; the infant's serum titer of antibody to SEF on day 38 was also less than 1:5. Further longitudinal monitoring of SEF and antibody to SEF in breast milk from this patient is presented. This case is the first isolation of SEF from a body fluid obtained from a patient with TSS further strengthens the association between SEF and TSS. PMID- 7119477 TI - Infection with delta agent in Sweden: introduction of a new hepatitis agent. AB - To investigate the epidemiology of infection with delta (delta) agent in a Swedish city, 181 chronic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and 599 patients with acute, self-limited hepatitis B were analyzed for delta antigen and antibody to delta antigen (anti-delta). The study covered the period from 1970 to 1981. The delta agent was found to have been introduced to this population in 1973. Markers of infection with delta agent were almost exclusively found in intravenous drug addicts and their close contacts. The proportion of drug addicts who were chronic HBsAg carriers with anti-delta increased with time and reached 72% in 1979-1981. An episode of acute hepatitis was frequently seen in connection with seroconversion to anti-delta. Among the domestic cases of acute, self limited hepatitis, no simultaneous infections with hepatitis B virus and delta agent were found before 1975. From 1975 to 1980, between 18% and 44% of the drug addicts with acute hepatitis B were also infected with delta agent. PMID- 7119478 TI - Adherence and growth of coagulase-negative staphylococci on surfaces of intravenous catheters. AB - Colonization of intravenous catheters by coagulase-negative staphylococci was followed by scanning electron microscopy. Regular sampling of specimens demonstrated adhesion of the staphylococci to the catheter surface followed by cell proliferation, possible breakdown of catheter components, and production of a slimy material covering the bacterial colonies. The implications of these findings with reference to nosocomial infections of prosthetic devices are discussed. PMID- 7119480 TI - Influence of phototherapy on the pharmacokinetics of gentamicin. PMID- 7119481 TI - Emphysematous pyelonephritis caused by Candida tropicalis. PMID- 7119479 TI - Pathogenesis of foreign body infection: description and characteristics of an animal model. AB - An animal model involving the subcutaneous implantation of tissue cages into guinea pigs and subsequent infection with Staphylococcus aureus was used for study factors pertinent to foreign body infection. Whereas 10(8) colony-forming units (cfu) of S. aureus strain Wood 46 did not produce any abscesses in the absence of foreign material, 10(2) cfu was sufficient to infect 95% of the tissue cages despite the presence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) in sterile tissue cage fluid. Opsonization of S. aureus by tissue cage fluid was adequate during the first hour of infection, but opsonic coating of the organisms decreased at 20 hr after the induction of infection. PMNLs from sterile tissue cage fluid showed decreased phagocytic and bactericidal activities when compared with PMNLs from either blood or peritoneal exudate obtained after short- or long term stimulation (P less than 0.001). PMID- 7119482 TI - From the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Summary of a workshop on serodiagnosis of systemic mycoses. PMID- 7119483 TI - Vancomycin-induced neutropenia. PMID- 7119485 TI - [Evaluation of myocardial ischemia by (RAO) long-axial myocardial imaging using slant-hole collimator]. AB - Myocardial perfusion imaging with thallium chloride has been found to be effective in the clinical evaluation of patients with myocardial infarction. However, conventional myocardial perfusion imaging of the myocardium showing the postero-septal and antero-lateral wall cannot be obtained clearly by the conventional collimator due to the inevitable distance between the collimator and the heart. In contrast, 30, 60-degree RAO images were obtained clearly using slant-hole collimator with the collimator closely contact with the heart, which enables us to observe the postero-septal and antero-lateral walls of the myocardium. As a result, we obtained myocardial perfusion images every 30-degrees in a radial direction. By dividing RAO images into 12 segments, we compared perfusion defect in the myocardial scintigram with akinesis detected by echocardiography and contrast left ventriculography segmentally and referred to the character and accuracy of these three examinations. As a result, these three methods well agreed in cases with myocardial infarction of single vessel disease, but did not always agree in cases with triple vessel disease. The character of each method was as follows: 1) Left ventriculography, which gives direct information concerning wall motion of the left ventricle, was most sensitive to detect ischemic lesions, but had a tendency to overestimate hypokinesis of wall motion due to its invasive nature. 2) In myocardial scintigraphy, when hypoperfusion is associated with perfusion defect, we occasionally diagnose mistakenly the hypoperfusion area as normal because the scintigraphic evaluation is based on the relative distribution of perfusion. To avoid such underestimation, exercise myocardial scintigraphy should be performed and myocardial ischemia should be evaluated by comparing exercise images with redistribution images. Moreover, we studied extension of perfusion defect in the anterior and infero-posterior infarction groups. In anterior myocardial infarction, perfusion defect extended beyond the apex and reached the point one third away from the apex to the base. In infero-posterior myocardial infarction, perfusion defect extended into the apex but did not exceed the apex. It seemed that the most suitable point to make the boundary between apical and infero posterior areas was the point one-third away from the apex to the base along the inferior half of the RAO image of the myocardium. PMID- 7119484 TI - [A correlative study of M-mode echocardiograms and pathological findings in mitral ring calcification]. AB - Correlation between pathologically proved mitral ring calcification (MRC) and M mode echocardiographic findings was examined. Subjects for this study were 36 aged autopsy cases of MRC (14 men, 22 women) with a mean age of 78.9 years. Echocardiographic diagnosis of MRC was based upon the following criteria; a dense echo that moves parallel to the endocardium of the left ventricular posterior wall, immediately posterior to the mitral leaflet and its abrupt termination during a sweep of the beam to the left atrium and left ventricle. The length along the mitral ring and its maximal cross-sectional diameter of MRC were measured pathologically. Extension of MRC to the mitral commissures was also evaluated. The following results were obtained; (1) The larger was the size of MRC measured pathologically, the more it was easily diagnosed by echocardiography. (2) The width of MRC in the echocardiogram correlated well with the pathologically measured maximal cross-sectional diameter of MRC (r = 0.67, p less than 0.01). (3) Sensitivity in the diagnosis of MRC was better in the echocardiograms (58.3%) than in the plain chest X-ray films (38.9%) (p less than 0.05). The length of MRC equal to or greater than 30 mm was diagnosed in all by the echocardiograms. In contrast, only 78.6% of these were diagnosed by plain X ray films. (4) When cases with MRC were divided into 2 groups according to the mitral diastolic descent rate (MDDR), the decreased group (MDDR less than 35 mm) had a significantly longer length of MRC (32.4 +/- 15.5 mm) than the non decreased group (16.6 +/- 20.9 mm) (p less than 0.05). Extension of MRC to the mitral commissures was more frequently observed in the group with decreased MDDR than in non-decreased group (p less than 0.005). From these observations, it was suggested that mechanical restriction of the movement of the anterior mitral; leaflet due to involvement of the commissures by MRC may be a contributing factor for decreased MDDR. (5) Identification of echoes from the posterior mitral leaflet and the left ventricular posterior wall was difficult in cases with positive MRC echoes. PMID- 7119486 TI - [Evaluation of mitral valve, subvalvular structures and valvular flexibility in mitral stenosis by two-dimensional echocardiography]. AB - In order to identify the determinants for surgical procedures in mitral stenosis, we evaluated two-dimensional echocardiographic findings of the mitral valve and subvalvular structures in 35 patients undergoing open mitral commissurotomy (OMC) or valve replacement (MVR). As indices of a degree of subvalvular shortening and valvular flexibility, the distance between the mitral ring and the tip of the anterior mitral leaflet was measured by the LV long-axis view by in both midsystole (S) and early diastole (D). As a possible major determinant for MVR, a degree of valvular calcification (C) was semi-quantatively scored according to the extent of abnormally strong echo density. In nine of 11 patients undergoing MVR, a main reason for selecting MVR was a marked thickening or shortening of subvalvular structures. In patients in whom OMC was feasible, the degree of improvement of the mitral valve area (delta MVA) was assessed by the pre- and post-operative mitral valve areas (MVA) measured on the LV short-axis view, which were averaged 0.15 and 1.38 cm2, respectively. RESULTS: The index C was significantly higher in cases with MVR than those with OMC (9.2 +/- 2.6 vs 4.7 +/ 2.3 points, p less than 0.001), although there was a significant overlap between these two groups and index C did not correlate with delta MVA in the OMC patients. Similarly, the value S was significantly smaller in patients undergoing MVR than those undergoing OMC (1.2 +/- 0.4 vs 0.7 +/- 0.2 cm, p less than 0.001), though S did not correlate with delta MVA. On the other hand, the index of valve flexibility D--S was smaller in patients undergoing MVR (0.5 +/- 0.3 vs 0.8 +/- 0.3 cm, p less than 0.05) and correlated well with delta MVA (delta MVA = 0.699 x (D--S)+0.007, R = 0.678, p less than 0.02) in patients undergoing OMC. Furthermore, in all patients undergoing OMC with D--S greater than or equal to 0.8 cm, delta MVA was above 0.5 cm2, contrasting with delta MVA of 0.5 cm2 or less in 6 of 7 patients with D--S less than 0.7 cm. Using these indices, surgical procedures were successfully predicted in another 7 prospectively studied patients and predicted delta MVA in 4 patients was quite comparable with actual delta MVA. It was concluded that measurements of S and D by two-dimensional echocardiography are useful, 1) to predict patients requiring MVR and 2) to predict patients with inadequate delta MVA in whom OMC is surgically feasible. PMID- 7119487 TI - [Two-dimensional echocardiographic study of coronary artery lesion in Kawasaki disease: a new approach to visualize the right coronary artery]. AB - Recently nonivasive visualization of the left main coronary artery by two dimensional echocardiography has developed. However, previous reports has described the difficulty to evaluate a right coronary aneurysm and coronary stenosis or obstruction. Therefore two-dimensional echocardiographic studies using 5 MHz linear scanner were performed in 48 patients of Kawasaki disease, and the findings were compared with coronary angiographic findings. Their ages ranged from 3 months to 15 years (mean 3.2 years of age). In coronary angiographic findings, the left main coronary aneurysm was demonstrated in 23 cases, and stenosis of the left coronary artery in 2 cases. While a right coronary aneurysm was demonstrated in 17 cases, and stenosis or obstruction of the right coronary artery in 7 cases. The diagnosis of a coronary aneurysm by linear scanner two dimensional echocardiography was established in 22 of 23 (96%) patients on the left main coronary artery and in all 17 patients on the right coronary artery. Stenosis or obstruction of the left and right coronary arteries was demonstrated in 1 of 2 (50%) patients and 6 of 7 (86%) patients, respectively. These results were superior to the results of the two-dimensional echocardiographic study by 3.5 mHz sector scanner. The right coronary artery was visualized effectively and extensively by the linear scanner than the sector scanner. We conclude that two dimensional echocardiography using high frequency linear scanner is a very useful method to diagnose stenotic lesions as well as aneurysmal formation in the right and left coronary arteries and to follow up aneurysms in acute phase and inspect the growth of coronary aneurysms. PMID- 7119488 TI - [Noninvasive evaluation of cardiac involvements and left ventricular function in schoolchildren with the history of mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome]. AB - Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MCLS) in the young has been known to have coronary aneurysms, and then it has been recently suspected as a cause of premature atherosclerosis and cardiomyopathy. Thirty-three schoolchildren who suffered from MCLS were studied to evaluate cardiac involvements and left ventricular function using two-dimensional (2-D) echocardiograms and submaximal stress test. Fifteen normal schoolchildren were studied as normal control. All these MCLS children were asymptomatic and had no significant findings in routine chest X-ray and electrocardiographic examinations. According to submaximal stress test, 8 cases showed a J type ST depression of only 0.5--1.0 mm, and there were no positive cases. Using 2-D echocardiograms, the left coronary artery was detected in 85% and the right coronary in 27%. One case showed an aneurysm of the left coronary artery. However, none of them showed abnormal left ventricular wall motion or the wall motion abnormality compatible with cardiomyopathy. There were no significant differences between MCLS and normal control in ejection fraction, mean VCF, diastolic descent rate of the anterior mitral valve, D/S ratio of the left ventricular wall, and Weissler's index (PEP/ET). These findings suggested that 1) most of MCLS schoolchildren do not have obvious cardiac involvement and their left ventricular function is within normal limits, 2) because of its low sensitivity, submaximal stress test is not so useful in screening coronary lesions, and 3) the 2-D echocardiogram works not only in detecting coronary aneurysms but also in evaluating left ventricular function. PMID- 7119489 TI - [Two-dimensional echocardiographic findings of patients with papillary muscle dysfunction]. AB - Two-dimensional echocardiographic examination was performed to investigate pathophysiological mechanism of mitral regurgitation due to papillary muscle dysfunction in 6 patients with myocardial infarction (anterior : 3, inferior: 2 and subendocardial: 1) and 13 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. The patients were divided into 2 groups; Group I was 9 with mitral valve prolapse and Group II was 10 without mitral valve prolapse (MVP). In Group I MVP was observed in the posterior leaflet in 6 and in both leaflets in the remainder. The apical four chamber view of all patients in Group II showed that the point of mitral valve coaptation displaced toward the apex of the left ventricle during systole and the both mitral leaflets were convexed toward the left ventricle. Follow-up observation in a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy revealed that the heart was not enlarged (CTR 50%), no murmur was heard and mild anterior mitral leaflet prolapse was observed in 1979, but, in 1981, CTR became 63%, and a grade IV systolic murmur suggesting mitral regurgitation was noted. Two-dimensional echocardiography revealed that mitral leaflets became convex toward the left ventricle and coaptation point of the mitral closure shifted to the apex of the left ventricle below the level of mitral annulus. Thus, the transition to Group II from Group I was suggested. Echocardiographic measurements revealed that left ventricular end-diastolic dimension was 71 +/- 11 mm in Group I and 74 +/- 10 mm in Group II, left ventricular end-systolic dimension was 61 +/- 11 mm in Group I and 62 +/- 11 mm in Group II, and anterio-posterior mitral ring dimension was 31 +/- 3 mm in Group I and 35 +/- 3 mm in Group II (p less than 0.05). In conclusion, it was suggested that two mechanisms of mitral regurgitation are present in papillary muscle dysfunction; 1) mitral valve prolapse and 2) shift of mitral coaptation point toward the apex of the left ventricle associated with marked dilatation of the mitral annulus. PMID- 7119490 TI - [Evaluation of poor R wave progression by cross-sectional echocardiography with wall motion index]. AB - Poor R wave progression (PRWP) in the precordial leads on the electrocardiogram in an often used but ill-defined electrocardiographic finding of antero-septal myocardial infarction. In view of the fact that the cross-sectional echocardiogram (CSE) provides a reliable method for detecting the presence and location of regional asynergy associated with acute myocardial infarction, 47 patients (myocardial infarction; 27, other disease; 20) with PRWP were selected to investigate whether or not CSE could be useful for differentiating the cases showing PRWP with myocardial infarction from those without myocardial infarction. On CSE, the left ventricle was divided into 9 segments, and to grade the severity of segmental asynergy, each segment was assigned a numerical score based upon the type of wall motion. These scores were assigned as follows; hyperkinesis: -1, normal: 0, hypokinesis: +1, akin sis: +2, and dyskinesis: +3 (Heger, 1979). The total wall motion index (WMI) was obtained by summing the scores for each of the 9 segments. And the antero-septal WMI was also obtained by summing the scores for each of the antero-septal segments. The antero-septal WMI in patients with myocardial infarction (4.45 +/- 2.59) was significantly greater than that in patients with other diseases (-0.1 +/- 2.38) (p less than 0.001). The antero septal WMI equal to or more than +3 was found to be the most useful parameter in identifying the cases with myocardial infarction (sensitivity: 81.5%, specificity: 85.0%). Consequently, it can be concluded that CSE is quite useful for differentiation of PRWP between the cases with or without myocardial infarction. PMID- 7119491 TI - [Pericardial puncture under the ultrasonic cardiotomographic guidance: application to pericardial effusion]. AB - Pericardial puncture drainage was attempted in five patients with pericardial effusion under the guidance of real time two-dimensional echocardiography (ultrasonic cardiotomography). The needle fixed to the scanner probe was inserted from the anterior chest wall under the observation of ultrasound images. After the needle was placed into the pericardial space, then the drainage catheter was introduced according to the Seldinger technique. The image of the needle should be appropriately monitored from the site of puncture as near as possible because the pericardium is so close to the anterior chest wall. Both mechanical and linear sector scanners were used in this study, and linear type was proved to be useful for this purpose. It was concluded that the pericardial puncture under the guidance of ultrasonic cardiotomography is safer and reliable compared to the conventional blind puncture technique. PMID- 7119493 TI - [Echocardiographic triangular pattern of the mitral valve during acute pressure overload of the left ventricle: an experimental study]. AB - The changes of mitral valve echo and hemodynamic data [isovolumic relaxation time (IRT)/square root R-R, time constant T, peak positive dP/dt/P, left ventricular enddiastolic pressure (LVEDP) and left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP] during acute pressure overload produced by aortic root obstruction were analyzed in 13 mongrel dogs under sodium pentbarbital anesthesia (25 mg/kg). IRT/square root R-R, time constant T, positive dP/dt and LVSP were expressed as percent changes to the value (=100%) of pre-pressure overload, LVEDP was expressed by an absolute value as mmHg. In 7 of 13 dogs, an abnormal diastolic monophasic triangular pattern of the mitral valve was observed during acute pressure overload of the left ventricle, and values of five hemodynamic data were compared between cases with or without the triangular pattern. The values of IRT/square root R-R, time constant T, positive dP/dt/P, LVSP amd LVEDP in cases with the triangular pattern became from 200 to 500% (275 +/- 100%), from 175 to 267% (220 +/- 50%), from 55 to 112% (81 +/- 21%), from 129 to 200% (59 +/- 21%) and from 7 to 33 mmHg (16 +/- 9 mmHg), respectively. The values of IRT/square root R-R, time constant T, positive dP/dt/P, LVSP and LVEDP in cases with the non-triangular pattern became from 116 to 155% (133 +/- 17%), from 116 to 154% (136 +/- 16%), from 111 to 186% (62 +/- 34%) and from 9 to 20 mmHg (9 +/- 6 mmHg), respectively. Thus, the values of IRT/square root R-R and time constant T were significantly different between the two groups. The possible explanation for the triangular pattern of the mitral valve seems to be due to impaired active relaxation system of the left ventricle resulting in a markedly delayed opening of the mitral valve. We conclude that early diastolic isovolumic relaxation of the left ventricle is impaired by acute pressure overload, and the echocardiographic diastolic monophasic triangular pattern of the mitral valve reflects this impairment. PMID- 7119494 TI - [Two dimensional echocardiographic diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse syndrome in presumably healthy young students]. AB - We studied the prevalence of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) in presumably healthy young students using two-dimensional echocardiography and compared their clinical pictures with those of hospital patients with MVP. In 265 students undergoing routine physical examination (228 males and 37 females, aged from 18 to 25 years), 29 (11%) were diagnosed as having MVP. There was no sex difference (11% for males and 8% for females). Anterior leaflet prolapse was seen in 26 cases, and anterior and posterior leaflets prolapse was in 3 cases. Twenty-four of the 29 MVP students revealed neither midsystolic click, late systolic murmur nor holosystolic murmur on phonocardiograms (PCG). These 24 students had no cardiac symptoms and the incidence of electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities, such as arrhythmias and ST-T changes, was similar to that of students without MVP (4/24 vs 50/236). In contrast, of 54 patients (32 males and 22 females, aged from 15 to 25 years) who were diagnosed as having MVP in the hospital, 28 patients (52%) had no PCG abnormalities. The anterior leaflet was predominantly involved in 42 patients and both anterior and posterior leaflets in 12 patients. These 28 patients visited the hospital because of cardiac symptoms; dyspnea on exertion (3 patients), palpitation (2 patients) or atypical chest pain (7 patients), or abnormal physical examination (11 patients). ECG abnormalities were noticed in 15 of 28 patients (54%). The prevalence of cardiac symptoms and ECG abnormalities were similar to those in 26 patients with PCG evidence of MVP. It was concluded that the prevalence of MVP in young healthy students is 11% and the anterior leaflet is predominantly involved. Most cases were asymptomatic and had no PCG or ECG abnormalities. In contrast, age-matched MVP patients, diagnosed in the hospital with the same two-dimensional echocardiographic criteria, demonstrated similar predominancy of the anterior leaflet prolapse, but had more cardiac symptoms and ECG abnormalities, irrespective of the presence or absence of PCG findings. PMID- 7119492 TI - [Comparative studies on right ventricular pressure and volume overloading by thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy]. AB - Thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy was performed in 44 patients with various heart diseases including mitral stenosis (MS), atrial septal defect (ASD), primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH), and left atrial myxoma. The morphological findings of right ventricular (RV) free wall on the scintigram and RV/IVS (interventricular septum) uptake ratio of the images obtained from the left anterior oblique projection were studied in the patients with RV pressure or volume overloading. The RV free wall was visualize by scintigraphy in 13 out of 22 patients (59%) with MS, and in 15 out of 17 patients (88%) with ASD. In 5 patients with PPH or left atrial myxoma, the RV free wall was visualized in all cases. The patterns of RV free wall image were classified into three types. Type I with the smaller right ventricle than left ventricle was mainly seen in cases of MS, and type II with the dilated right ventricle was seen in cases of ASD and PPH. The RV free wall was visualized in most of the patients with MS whose RV systolic pressure (RVSP) was higher than 35 mmHg and mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAMP) was 20 mmHg or more, and with ASD whose RVSP was higher than 30 mmHg and PAMP was 10 mmHg or more. The ratio of radioactivity on the RV free wall and interventricular septum (RV/IVS uptake ratio) was calculated using 45 degree left anterior oblique view images. The RV/IVS uptake ratio ranged from 0.38 to 0.73 in the cases with MS, from 0.40 to 0.77 in the cases with ASD, and from 0.64 to 0.79 in the cases with PPH. In two cases with left atrial myxoma, the ratio was 0.50 and 0.55, respectively. The RV/IVS uptake ratio was compared to various hemodynamic parameters in right ventricular overloading. In the cases with MS, the RV/IVS uptake ratio was closely correlated with RVSP (r = 0.93: p less than 0.001), PAMP (r = 0.92; p less than 0.001), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) (r = 0.83: p less than 0.01), RV work index (RVWI) (r = 0.82: p less than 0.001), and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) (r = 0.71: p less than 0.01), respectively. In the cases with ASD, the RV/IVS uptake ratio was closely correlated with RVSP (r = 0.89: p less than 0.001), PAMP (r = 0.68: p less than 0.01), PVR (r = 0.77: p less than 0.01), and a left-to-right shunt ratio (r = 0.785: p less than 0.001). It was concluded that the analysis of thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy is valuable as a non-invasive technique for the qualitative and quantitative estimation of RV pressure or volume over-loading.U PMID- 7119496 TI - [Echocardiographic study on systolic left ventricular posterior wall motion in patient with atrial septal defect]. AB - Systolic motion of the left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW) was studied by M mode and long-axis two-dimensional echocardiography in 35 patients (pts) with secundum type of atrial septal defect (ASD), comparing with that of 19 surgically closed ASD (post ASD), 27 with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), 15 with old anteroseptal myocardial infarction (a-s MI) and 28 normal subjects. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Excursion of LVPW (PWE) was significantly increased in the pts with ASD compared with normal subjects (P less than 0.001), but there was no significant difference in PWE between the pts with ASD and the pts with HCM or a-s MI. 2) Mean systolic posterior wall velocity (MPWVs) was significantly decreased in the pts with ASD compared with the pts with HCM (p less than 0.05). However, no significant difference could be found in MPWVs between the pts with ASD and a-s MI or normal subjects. 3) End-systolic thickening of LVPW was significantly increased in the pts with ASD compared with normal subjects (p less than 0.05), the pts with a-s MI (p less than 0.05) and the pts with post ASD (p less than 0.01), except for the pts with HCM. There was a significant difference in % end-systolic thickness of lVPW between the pts with ASD and the pts with a-s MI or post ASD (p less than 0:05). 4) Mid-systolic thickening and % mid-systolic thickening of LVPW were significantly increased in the pts with ASD compared with normal subjects, the pts with a-s MI, the pts with post ASD and the pts with HCM (p less than 0.01). This characteristic mid-systolic bulging of LVPW in the pts with ASD was coincident with early-systolic anterior motion of IVS. 5) Basal portion of LVPW indicated the marked inward contraction during end-systole in 30 of 35 pts (86%) with ASD. In these 30 pts, association of mitral valve (MV) prolapse was observed. 6) Following surgical closure of ASD in 19 pts, MV prolapse disappeared following normalization of excessive endsystolic contraction of the LVPW in 16 pts (functional MV prolapse). In 3 pts, however, posterior MV showed multiple abnormal echoes, indicating MV prolapse or mitral regurgitation (organic MV prolapse). In conclusion, these results suggested that mid-systolic bulging of LVPW in ASD is compensatory reaction for systolic anterior IVS motion, and that mechanism of MV prolapse in ASD is related to abnormal left ventricular geometry due to excessive inward contraction of basal portion of LVPW during end systole. PMID- 7119495 TI - [Difference of the shortening characteristics between left ventricular endocardium and epicardium as measured by radiopaque markers in experimental dogs]. AB - This study was performed to clarify the difference of shortening characteristics between left ventricular epicardium and endocardium. Four to five pairs of radiopaque markers (lead beads, phi 0.3- 0.8 mm) were implanted just beneath the epicardium and endocardium, respectively in eight open-chest dogs. After the pericardium and thorax were closed, biplane cine-roentgenograms were obtained. The spatial distance (segment length) between any two of the markers was calculated using a digitizer-computer-plotter system. Left ventricular wall thickness (Th) was measured as a distance between epicardial and endocardial markers. The maximum left ventricular thickness (Thmax) was 9.4 +/- 3.4 mm (mean +/- SD), the minimum (THmin) 8.4 +/- 3.1 mm, and a percent increase of wall thickness [(Thmax-Thmin)/Thmin] was 12.7 +/- 6.5%. The value of epicardial segment length divided by endocardial segment length as normalized by each length at R wave of ECG was 1.088 +/- 0.071 at the end of systole and 0.979 +/- 0.016 at end diastole, indicating that endocardial segment shortened and distended more than epicardial segment during systole and diastole, respectively. Epicardial segment began to shorten 3 +/- 26 msec earlier and distend 4 +/- 50 msec earlier than endocardial one. This study revealed a small but consistent difference in the amount of shortening and its initiation and termination between the epicardium and endocardium. PMID- 7119497 TI - [M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiographic features of porcine xenograft valve dysfunction]. AB - Clinical survey was made on the porcine xenograft valve replacements in 76 patients who underwent the replacement for the past five years at Hyogo College of Medicine Hospital. The follow-up period was from 3 to 84 months after implantation. Seventy-one patients had mitral valve replacements, 1 aortic, 2 mitral and tricuspid and 2 tricuspid. Seven patients were diagnosed as porcine valve dysfunction echocardiographically, and in four of these the dysfunction (two with bacterial endocarditis, one with perivalvular leak and one with ruptured porcine aortic valve) was confirmed at operation, and the echocardiographic features were correlated with surgical findings. M-mode and two dimensional echocardiograms of one patient with fungal endocarditis demonstrated vegetations on the mitral and tricuspid valves. In another patient with endocarditis, the echocardiographic finding of valve thickening associated with the flail and torn cusp was observed. The two-dimensional echocardiographic study was particularly useful in detecting the dislocation of the stent echo in one patient with paravalvular regurgitation. In one patient with the ruptured and flail porcine aortic valve, the two-dimensional echocardiogram was characterized by rapid diastolic motion of the involved leaflet into the left ventricular outflow tract beyond the line of valve closure. Three patients were not confirmed at operation. In one patient, the two-dimensional echocardiogram demonstrated a systolic prolapse of the porcine mitral valve. In another two patients the M-mode echocardiographic finding included a coarse fluttering of the porcine mitral cusp in diastole. The major M-mode features of prosthetic regurgitation were fuzzy echoes with fluttering of the cusp in systole or diastole or both. In one patient with fluttering, the two-dimensional echocardiogram also demonstrated the thickening of the cusp. But in another patient with fluttering, the two dimensional echocardiogram revealed no abnormality, and prosthetic regurgitation was not confirmed at cardiac catheterization. It was postulated that this patient had a false positive echocardiogram. Two-dimensional echocardiography complemented the M-mode echocardiographic findings and both techniques were very useful in identifying porcine valve dysfunction. Moreover, we considered that the comparison of the echocardiographic features in the course of individual case was very important in detecting porcine valve dysfunction. PMID- 7119498 TI - [Transthoracic catheterization under monitoring by ultrasono-cardiotomography and its clinical usefulness]. AB - When serious postoperative complications such as mechanical malfunction of the implanted valve occur in patients with multiple valvular replacements, it is very urgent to evaluate the function of the valve and heart and to establish an accurate diagnosis as to the damaged prosthetic valve, while giving intensive life-saving bed-side care. Under such circumstances, transvascular heart catheterization necessary for obtaining hemodynamic data or for angiocardiography can not be applied because it is almost impossible for a catheter to pass through a prosthetic valve without potential danger. Then, the present authors have introduced a method of cardiac catheterization by a direct transthoracic route during which cardiac structures are monitored by ultrasono-cardiotomography. This method is called "transthoracic catheterization monitored by ultrasono cardiotomography," and was applied to cases of double (aortic and mitral) valve replacements. The immobile adhesive area in the vicinity the right ventricular wall is detected from the longitudinal or horizontal cross-section pictures, through which a polyethylene catheter with stylet was introduced from the subxiphoid region and was advanced toward the left ventricle. After introduction of the catheter into the right ventricle, the catheter tip was advanced to the midportion of the ventricular septum, which was selected to avoid the penetration of the tricuspid valve and coronary arteries. Then, the catheter was passed into the left ventricle on the ultrasonic scanning plane along the direction of the short axis of the heart. After placing the catheter into the left ventricle, a small amount of contrast material was injected to confirm the precise positioning of the catheter tip in the left ventricle. Thus, the hemodynamic measurement and angiocardiograpy were performed easily. By utilizing contrast cardiotomography, valvular function was evaluated easily without any side effects as in case of angiocardiography. Furthermore, ultrasono-cardiotomography was sensitive in detecting cardiac tamponade if appeared during direct heart catheterization, making immediate treatment possible. Thus, transthoracic catheterization monitored by ultrasono-cardiotomography was useful for the evaluation of the function of the prosthetic valve, especially in cases with double valve prostheses. PMID- 7119499 TI - [Evaluation of left ventricular asynergy by parasternal and subcostal M-mode echocardiography]. AB - In 47 patients with old myocardial infarction (MI), parasternal and subcostal M mode echocardiograms (M-mode) guided by the two-dimensional echocardiogram (2D) were recorded to evaluate left ventricular asynergy quantitatively, and were compared with 2D findings. By placing the transducer at the left sternal border, the short-axis views of the left ventricle (LV) by 2D at the level of the chorda tendineae and papillary muscle were recorded. The LV wall was divided into 4 segments; including (1) anterior wall (AW) and anterior septum (AS), (2) lateral wall (LW), (3) posterior wall (PW), and (0) inferior wall (IW) and posterior septum (PS), and asynergy was analyzed on moving images. The AS and PW were recorded by parasternal M-mode, and the PS and LW were recorded by subcostal approach. Asynergy by M-mode was defined when septal amplitude was less than 3 mm, LW or PW amplitude was less than 9 mm, % systolic thickening (% ST) of the septum was less than 17%, and % ST of the LW or PW was less than 25%. Of 25 patients with anterior MI, asynergy of the AW and AS wass s present in 19, LW asynergy in 10, PW asynergy in 2, and IW and PS asynergy in 1 by 2D, meanwhile, M mode detected asynergy of AS in 21, and LW asynergy in 15. Of 15 patients with inferior MI, asynergy of the PW and PS was present in 4 and 7, respectively by 2D, but by M-mode asynergy was present in 11 and 14, respectively. In 31 patients underwent left ventricular cineangiography, detection rate of asynergy by angiography was compared with that by echocardiography. In 124 segments by cineangiography, wall motion characteristics were correctly identified in 83% by 2D and 91% by M-mode. Of 25 patients with anterior MI, amplitude of the AS was 3 approximately -5 mm in 19, and %ST of the AS wa 0 approximately 6% in 2, but amplitude of the PS was within normal range in 24. Of 15 patients with inferior MI, amplitude of the AS was within normal range in all, and amplitude of PS was 3 approximately -8 mm in 13 and %ST of PS was 10% in 1. This study shows that combined use of parasternal and subcostal M-mode detects asynergy more sensitively than 2D alone even in its quantitative sense, and therefore, not only 2D but M-mode in essential for evaluation of LV asynergy. Asynergy of PS was present in inferior MI, and this segment was not injured in anterior MI, while AS asynergy was present in anterior MI. When analysing asynergy of the interventricular septum, it should be subdivided into two parts including AS and PS. Subcostal M-mode detected PS asynergy that was not visualized by routine cineangiography. In inferior MI, subcostal M-mode is recommended for detection of PS asynergy. PMID- 7119500 TI - [Computer analysis of wo-dimensional echocardiogram for the quantitative evaluation of left ventricular asynergy in myocardial infarction]. AB - Quantitative assessment of left ventricular asynergy in myocardial infarction was made by computer analysis of the two-dimensional echocardiogram. Short-axis cross sectional images of the left ventricle at the levels of the mitral valve, papillary muscle and apex were recorded by a phased array sector scanner in 20 patients with myocardial infarction and ten normal controls. End cardial and epicardial outlines at end-diastole and end-systole were traced and analyzed by a computer system. Short-axis cross-sectional images of the left ventricle were divided equally into octants and analyzed with a fixed external reference system, using the center of gravity of end-diastolic left ventricular cavity and the axis intersecting this and the right side of the posterior interventricular septum as the reference point and line. Segmental hemiaxis, area, wall thickness and those changes during cardiac cycle were measured and calculated in each octants. Regional contractility of the left ventricle was evaluated by systolic percent change of segmental hemiaxis, area and wall thickness. These parameters were significantly reduced in the infarcted segments documented by left ventriculography and electrocardiography. The area method is better than the hemiaxis system in both reproducibility and variability. The center of gravity of the left ventricular cavity determined by the computer shifted slightly towards the anterior wall during systole in normal subjects, possibly reflecting anterior swinging motion of the entire heart. The center of the gravity of the left ventricular cavity in myocardial infarction showed the tendency to shift towards the infarcted region, suggesting the possibility that the location of asynergic area can be detected by determining the direction of the gravity center shift during systole in patients with a single infarction. This finding gives a basis of using the fixed reference system for the detection of asynergy. The use of computers for the analysis of short-axis two-dimensional echocardiographic images is very useful for the quantification of regional contractility of the left ventricle in a clinical setting. PMID- 7119501 TI - [Continuous recordings of the echocardiogram and electrocardiogram through the night in patients with nocturnal angina: "All-night echocardiography"]. AB - Continuous observation of the left ventricular (LV) wall motion through the night has not been reported yet. So we developed the long-term recording system of the echocardiogram through all of the night, which was proved useful in a clinical setting. In order to record a long-term echocardiogram, a superimposed echocardiogram of each cardiac cycle was developed on the monitor television by using QRS complex as its trigger. This monitor view has a capacity to display such an echocardiogram with 2-channel electrocardiogram (ECG). Sudden changes of the cardiac motion during the recording were easily detected on the monitor view. These pictures were also recorded on the video cassette recorder through the video camera. We call this system "All-night echocardiography". Complete review of the video tape for 10 hours was possible for only 50 minutes by changing the speed of the review tape (one-twelfth of real time). A probe (Monitoring Probe) was fixed on the chest wall during the recording. "All-night echocardiograms" were recorded in eight patients for 10 hours in total 10 nights. LV posterior wall (PW) monitoring was succeeded in 3 patients for 4 nights during the anginal attack. Systolic motion of LVPW was decreased with ST elevation in a VF in the simultaneous ECG during spontaneous attack (Fig. 5). PMID- 7119502 TI - [Evaluation of cardiac reserve in patients with angina pectoris by dynamic exercise echocardiography]. AB - To evaluate cardiac reserve in patients with angina pectoris, 10 healthy control subjects and 15 patients with angina pectoris were examined by exercise echocardiography. Exercise on the bicycle ergometer in supine position was imposed at 25 watts per min initially and the exercise was increased by 25 watts every 3 min until attainment of either maximal predicted heart rate or ST segment depression in the electrocardiogram (ECG) or appearance of severe chest pain. Blood pressure, two-dimensional echocardiogram at the level of the papillary muscle in the short-axis view (Fig. 1) and 12 leads ECG were recorded at the end of each exercise level. Cardiac response to the exercise was evaluated by blood pressure, areas of left ventricular cavity at the end diastole and end systole, percent change of the area, ejection fraction and mVCF, as shown in Figs. 2, 3 and 4. From these parameters, the behavior of cardiac response to exercise was divided into four types (cf. Fig. 5). Type A: left ventricular volume was increased slightly at the initial stage of exercise, and thereafter, the cardiac response was maintained by a gradual increase of myocardial contractility. Type B: initial response to exercise was similar to type A, but cardiac output was maintained only with an increase of heart rate in further exercise load. Type C: left ventricular contractility and increased left ventricular volume were observed from 25 watts load of exercise. Most of the control subjects responded as type A. Patients with angina who underwent 125 watts exercise showed type B response, while those who tolerated only 75 watts exercise revealed type C or type D (Table 1). The latter indicates decreased cardiac reserve to exercise. From the results of 10 patients who showed ST depression during exercise, deterioration of left ventricular contractile function appeared before ST segment depression, indicating that a change in mechanical pump function preceded electrical function of the myocardium (Fig. 6). It may be concluded that serial changes of cardiac parameters obtained from dynamic exercise echocardiography with an area-based method is useful to identify decreased cardiac reserve in patients with angina pectoris. PMID- 7119503 TI - [Comparison of exercise capacity with resting left ventricular function evaluated by various non-invasive methods in patients with old myocardial infarction]. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between exercise capacity and resting left ventricular function assessed by several non-invasive methods in patients with old myocardial infarction. Subjects were 25 male patients whose endpoint was either dyspnea or general fatigue at the symptom limited maximal graded treadmill exercise test according to Bruce protocol. The indices obtained by non-invasive cardiac examinations included left ventricular fractional shortening (% FS), scintigraphic infarct size (% SIS) by 201Tl myocardial scintigraphy and PEP/ET (so-called Weissler's index). A significant correlation of exercise duration with % FS (r = 0.67, p less than 0.001) or with % SIS (r = -0.55, p less than 0.02) indicated that the more was impaired resting left ventricular function, the more was decreased exercise capacity. Also, a significant correlation of systolic blood pressure at the end-point in exercise test with % FS (r = 0.58, p less than 0.005) or with % SIS (r = 0.69, p less than 0.001) indicated that inadequate blood pressure response might be partially attributed to impaired left ventricular function during exercise. The response of heart rate at the Bruce protocol stage I correlated with % FS (r = -0.67, p less than 0.001) and with % SIS (r = 0.53, p less than 0.02), respectively. These findings may be interpreted as chronotropic compensatory mechanism for limited stroke volume during exercise in patients with imparied left ventricular function. Thus, it was concluded that resting left ventricular function assessed by non-invasive cardiac examinations may predict exercise capacity prior to the test to some extent. These informations can be utilized for the decision of the planning at cardiac rehabilitation and also for the guidance in daily activities. Additionally, low level exercise test with treadmill is considered to be valuable for screening cases with impaired left ventricular function in old myocardial infarction. PMID- 7119504 TI - Links between effects of butyrate on histone hyperacetylation and regulation of interferon synthesis in Namalva and FS-4 cell lines. AB - The human Namalva lymphoma cell line being an established producer, predominantly of alpha interferon, has been reported to enhance interferon synthesis after a preincubation in butyrate containing media. We have performed the corresponding experiments with FS-4 fibroblast cells and show that the synthesis of human beta interferon is adversely affected by this treatment. Both cell types are hyperacetylated by the fatty acid to a comparable extent. However, after the withdrawal of butyrate, the persistence of highly acetylated forms of histone H4 is insufficient in the case of FS-4 to endure the interferon induction period. Concerning fibroblasts, deacetylation proceeds to a hypoacetylated state which is reversed only slowly. With lymphoid cells on the other hand, acetylated H4 specimens are much more stable and persist for more than eight hours in the absence of butyrate. Moreover, the acetylation reactions are supported by other Friend cell stimulators which by themselves are no inhibitors of deacetylase activities. PMID- 7119505 TI - Production of human alpha- and beta- interferons by human-rodent hybrids. AB - Attempts were made to demonstrate human alpha interferon production in virally induced human-rodent cell hybrids. In all hybrids investigated human beta interferon production was detected when the relevant human chromosomes were retained, but only low levels of human alpha interferon could ever be detected even when human chromosome 9, which contains at least eight alpha-interferon genes, was present in the hybrid. The detection of human alpha interferon was made possible only by the use of specific antisera to human alpha and beta interferon and the sensitive virus yield-inhibition assay. Evidence is presented for independent regulatory mechanisms governing the expression of human alpha and beta interferons in human-rodent hybrids. PMID- 7119506 TI - Effect of prolonged administration of interferon-alpha on pharmacokinetics, fever, lymphocyte proliferative response, and NK cell activity. AB - Over a 60-week period, a patient with multiple warts received a total of 281 x 10(6) units of human leukocyte interferon (IFN-alpha) by intramuscular (IM) or intralesional (IL) injections. Circulating IFN was significantly higher following IM administration than after IL administration. These pharmacokinetics did not change. The patient's body temperature was always significantly elevated after administration of IFN. However, hyporeactivity to the febrile response developed when the interval between repeated injections of IFN was less than six days. The lymphocyte count was significantly decreased within 5-7 h after administration of IFN and had returned to normal by 24 hours, whereas total WBC, platelet, and monocyte counts were not altered. There was a depression of specific lymphocyte proliferative response to herpes simplex virus after multiple daily injections, but not after prolonged therapy. Circulating natural killer (NK) levels were not elevated during the first two months of IFN therapy. After the patient had received about 100 x 10(6) units of IFN, however, the NK cell level became elevated and remained elevated upon cessation of treatment. NK activity was stimulated by in vitro incubation of peripheral mononuclear cells with 1000 units of IFN during the initial phase of treatment. A decline of in vitro stimulation of NK activity by interferon developed during two subsequent periods of treatment with mean daily doses of 2.46 and 1.07 x 10(6) units of IFN. Long-term therapy in our patient with an average of 4.7 x 10(6) units of IFN/week was well tolerated, did not irreversibly affect platelet or white cell counts or nonspecific or virus specific cell mediated immune responses, and enhanced circulating NK levels. PMID- 7119508 TI - Effects of interferon-alpha on human warts. AB - Two patients with extensive warts which were stable for two years or more were treated with human interferon-alpha to assess the ability of interferon to affect this benign tumor of viral etiology. Intramuscular administration of 96.6 and 135 million units over 12-15 weeks produced softening and decreased scaling of each patient's warts. Double blind, placebo-controlled intralesional injections resulted in progressive disappearance of interferon treated warts. A dose response relationship was shown in eight warts. The minimum effective dose was 1.2 x 10(6) units injected over 15.5 weeks. PMID- 7119507 TI - Adsorption of human alpha (leukocyte) interferon on glass: contributions of electrostatic and hydrophobic forces. AB - Human leukocyte-derived interferon (HuIFN-alpha) can be displaced from controlled pore glass (CPG) with alkylamines at 0.1-0.3 M concentration. The eluting power of an alkylamine correlates positively with the extent of its alkylation: CH3NH3 + less than (CH3)2NH2 + less than (CH3)3NH+ less than (CH3)4N+. Interferon can also be recovered using an electrolyte and ethylene glycol as cosolvents. Apparently, both hydrophobic and electrostatic forces are involved in the adsorption of HuIFN-alpha to CPG. PMID- 7119509 TI - Inhibition of beta-interferon augmentation of murine natural killer cytotoxicity by gangliosides. AB - Interferons cause augmentation of natural killer (NK) cell activity, which might be a major reason for their antitumor effect. Antiviral and antigrowth effects of mouse beta interferon are inhibited by mono-, di-, and trisialogangliosides commonly found in brain extracts, but also in membranes of many other cells. Results presented in this report show that preincubation of mouse beta interferon with a brain ganglioside mixture or its isolated major components Gm1, Gd1a, Gd1b, and Gt1b (see Aberrations) prior to addition to effector spleen cells, inhibits NK-cell enhancement due to interferon in a dose-dependent manner. When spleen cells are treated with individual gangliosides alone, spontaneous NK cell activity is not affected. Pretreatment of effector cells with gangliosides prior to addition of interferon does not inhibit subsequent augmentation of NK cell activity by beta interferon. Also, target susceptibility remains unaltered in the presence of gangliosides. Thus the inhibitory effect of gangliosides appears to involve competition for interaction of beta interferon with the NK cells. PMID- 7119511 TI - The kidney is the main site of interferon catabolism. AB - The fate of human natural interferons alpha and beta and of recombinant (R) alpha 2 has been investigated by using an isolated and perfused rabbit kidney preparation with a normal physiological performance. A remarkable amount of IFN is filtrated in a monoexponential fashion, reabsorbed and very likely degraded in tubular cells with negligible excretion in the urine. The disappearance rate of HuRIFN-alpha 2 is higher than natural HuIFNs-alpha and beta and is in keeping with the lower molecular weight of RIFN-alpha 2. Differences in molecular charge or shape are probably responsible for the slightly reduced filtration of IFN beta. Pharmacokinetic studies in animal models appear instructive and useful for devising improved dosage schedules in clinical trials. PMID- 7119512 TI - Training of thoracic surgeons in the United States. PMID- 7119510 TI - The kidney is the main site of interferon degradation. AB - Male Sprague Dawley rats (300 g) were infused by constant infusion into the jugular vein through 3-5 h with human leukocyte-derived interferon (HuIFN-alpha 10(6) units/h, 0.9 ml/h). Blood samples were collected every 20 min through the carotid. A steady-state level of interferon in serum (10(4) U/ml) was reached after 50 min of infusion, indicating fast removal of most of the infused material. Examination of interferon distribution in various tissues at the termination of the infusion revealed that over 85% of active interferon was found in the kidneys. No interferon was found in urine. Ligation of both kidneys resulted (after 2.5 h of infusion) in a ten-fold increase in interferon in serum and a minor increase in other tissues. No interferon was found in the kidneys. Simultaneous infusion of HuIFN-alpha, pepstatin and leupeptin (the well-known inhibitors of lysosomal proteinases) for 2.5 h had no effect on interferon concentration in serum and various tissues except in kidneys where a 5-fold increase was found. Mitochondrial-lysosomal fractions contained 55% of the total kidney interferon. Partial inhibition of proteolytic and HuIFN-alpha degrading activities at that fraction was also observed. These data, together with our previous findings of accumulation of injected interferon in the mitochondrial lysosomal fraction of rats and monkeys' kidney cells, provide a further evidence for the main role of the kidney in HuIFN-alpha degradation. PMID- 7119513 TI - Worldwide experience with the St. Jude Medical valve prosthesis: clinical and hemodynamic results. PMID- 7119514 TI - Late results on the surgical treatment of congenital aortic stenosis. PMID- 7119515 TI - Ten years experience with the Ionescu-Shiley pericardial xenograft heart valve. PMID- 7119516 TI - [Presidential address: past, present and future of the cardiac valve substitutes]. PMID- 7119517 TI - [Operation for complete endocardial cushion defect]. PMID- 7119518 TI - [Valvuloplasty]. PMID- 7119519 TI - [Reconstruction of the trachea]. PMID- 7119521 TI - [Myocardial protection]. PMID- 7119522 TI - [Surgery for deformities of the chest]. PMID- 7119520 TI - [Extra-anatomic bypass surgery]. PMID- 7119523 TI - [Complications of open heart surgery]. PMID- 7119524 TI - [Trauma of the chest]. PMID- 7119525 TI - [Problems of improvement of the operative results in dissecting aneurysm of the aorta]. PMID- 7119526 TI - [Thoracic surgery in the aged patients over 65 years old]. PMID- 7119527 TI - [Experimental studies on the repair of the finger flexor tendon--histological and histochemical examinations in rabbits on the pseudosheath maturation and its synovial nutrition ]. PMID- 7119528 TI - [Studies of blood flow through the spinal cord of rabbit using the H2 clearance method ]. AB - Using the H2 clearance method, spinal cord blood flow of the rabbit could be steadily measured. This allowed examination of blood flow problems using data analysis to provide informed decisions as to whether or not the blood flow through the gray and white matter was distinguishable. Spinal cord blood flow was also compared through the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar cord regions. The results were as follows: 1. The H2 clearance curves consisted of about 70% monoexponential curve (Mono), and 30% biexponenial curve (Bi), with a tendency toward higher values in the latter. 2. In Bi, a significant positive correlation was noted between the total flow values and the initial slope method values. The initial slope method was therefore used for subsequent data analysis. 3. By using a histogram to evaluate the data on each medullary segment, it was possible to separate a subgroup with a peak around 20 ml/100 g/min and another one with a peak around 40 ml/100 g/min. Based on the microangiographic findings, a more abundant vascular distribution was demonstrated in the gray matter than in the white matter. The first subgroup was noted corresponding to the blood flow through the white matter, and the latter through the gray matter. When the blood flow through the white and gray matter was calculated according to the subgroup data base, the flow ratio through the white and gray matter was 1:2. 4. Comparing the blood flow through each spinal cord segment revealed no significant difference at a p level of 0.01. PMID- 7119533 TI - Old age: it's not a disease. PMID- 7119530 TI - Biomechanics of the lumbar spine--an experimental stress studies. AB - In order to estimate the strength of normal and spondylolytic vertebrae, vertebrae with laminectomy, anterior fusion, posterior fusion, and postero lateral fusion, (vertebral) models were produced using acrylic resin (a composite of vinyl ester resin 70% and soft polyester resin 30%) for vertebrae and sponge rubber for intervertebral disc. Compression, flexion, and torsion tests were carried out on the various types of lumbar vertebral models with the following results. 1. Normal models are low in mechanical strength but highly flexible and resilient. 2. Anterior fusion models are mechanically stronger but inflexible. 3. Postero-lateral fusion models and posterior fusion models provide increased strength and retain some flexibility. 4. Laminectomy and spondylolysis models are the weaker than normal's in all mechanical strength tests. PMID- 7119529 TI - [Ultrastructural research on intimal cell of the ganglion--scanning and transmission electron microscopic study ]. AB - The surface ultrastructure of the ganglion intimal cells was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in comparison with the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the sectioned samples. Thirty ganglia mainly obtained from the hand were used for this study and the whole inner surface of the ganglion was studied and compared in relation to the production of the ganglion fluid. From the surface structure observed by SEM, cellular configuration was divided into 4 groups: 1. Smooth surfaced (Sm) group. 2. Irregular typed (Ir) group. 3. Elongated (El) group. 4. Rough surfaced (Rs) group. SEM views at higher magnifications demonstrated granular protrusion of the vesicles, 0.2-0.3 mu in diameter, on the cellular surface of the Sm and Ir group. However, granular vesicles were seen on the surface of the El group, which probably are very young and similar to fibroblastic cells. In Rs group, craters, 0.04 mu in size, which can be pits after fluid secretion, were detected on the surface. By TEM surveys, ruthenium red (RR) positive substances were found in the vesicles of the intimal cells and also in the intercellular space at the inner to intermediate layers. Such granular vesicles mainly containing of mucopolysaccharide positive by RR staining can play the important role for the production of the ganglion fluid. Intimal cells of the ganglion were different in the cellular surface part to part and such difference can indicate the differentiation of cellular activity especially in the ganglion fluid synthesis. On the other hand, the RR positive substance was found in and around mesenchymal cells at the inner to intermediate layer. This can also confirm that these multi-functional mesenchymal cells have the action to produce the ganglion fluid. PMID- 7119531 TI - [Approach to the hand abnormalities]. PMID- 7119532 TI - [Application of clinico-neuro-physiological tests to orthopedic diagnosis]. PMID- 7119534 TI - Perspective in hypertension: diagnosis and treatment of the elderly patient. PMID- 7119535 TI - Geriatric hypertension: the challenge of personal physician commitment to effective management. PMID- 7119536 TI - Nutrition and aging: assessing the nutritional status of the elderly patient. PMID- 7119537 TI - Medical ethics after Quinlan: guidelines and the ethics of dying. PMID- 7119539 TI - Drug disposition in the elderly. PMID- 7119538 TI - Lyme disease--"What's new in Old Lyme?". PMID- 7119540 TI - "Old time is still a-flying". PMID- 7119542 TI - Mild hypertension: its need for treatment and new definitions. PMID- 7119541 TI - Cosmetic surgery III: rhinoplasty. PMID- 7119543 TI - Alcoholic ketoacidosis: a case presentation and discussion. PMID- 7119544 TI - Diagnostic use of ultrasound in sialolithiasis of the parotid gland. PMID- 7119546 TI - Psychotropic drug use in the elderly. PMID- 7119545 TI - The slow decline of tuberculosis in La. PMID- 7119549 TI - Firework eye injuries from bottle rockets. PMID- 7119548 TI - Electrocardiogram of the month: in fits and starts. PMID- 7119547 TI - Summary of consensus development conference--childbirth by cesarean delivery. PMID- 7119550 TI - Hormones and mental changes. PMID- 7119551 TI - The chicken or the egg? PMID- 7119552 TI - Gentamicin nephrotoxicity. II. Definition of conditions necessary to induce acquired insensitivity. AB - Acquired insensitivity to the nephrotoxic effects of gentamicin develops in Fischer 344 rats after 10 to 14 days' treatment after development of histologic acute tubular necrosis in a setting of extensive histologic regeneration. To determine the relative importance of aminoglycoside exposure, necrosis, and regeneration in the induction of insensitivity, we examined the effect on gentamicin toxicity of prior non-aminoglycoside-mediated tubular necrosis, antecedent nonnecrotizing aminoglycoside exposure, and unilateral Nx-induced renal tubular hyperplasia. Pretreatment with potassium dichromate, which causes tubular necrosis in the same part of the renal cortex as gentamicin, reduced gentamicin-mediated elevation of Scr but had little effect on gentamicin-related tubular dysfunction or structural damage. Pretreatment with netilmicin, which does not cause tubular necrosis, increased the sensitivity of the kidney to gentamicin; toxicity occurred earlier and was more severe. Antecedent unilateral Nx had no demonstrable effect on susceptibility to gentamicin-associated dysfunction, but histologic renal tubular epithelial regeneration and recovery from dysfunction occurred earlier, These results suggest that necrosis and/or regeneration is the major prerequisite for development of gentamicin insensitivity and that the onset of insensitivity is temporally related to the appearance of necrosis and regeneration. However, non-aminoglycoside-mediated necrosis and regeneration fail to fully-re-create insensitivity, suggesting that exposure to gentamicin is also necessary. PMID- 7119553 TI - Quantification of acute phase reactants after muscle biopsy. AB - Blood concentrations of six acute phase reactants (ESR, neutrophil count, fibrinogen, haptoglobin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, and ferritin), parameters of muscle necrosis (myoglobin, CK, ALT, and AST) as well as hemopexin, iron, and TIBC were determined before and for 7 consecutive days after muscle biopsy in patients and in a control group. A muscle biopsy was chosen as a standardized surgical procedure that induces a mild transient inflammatory response. After muscle biopsy, a significant increase occurred in five (ESR, neutrophil count, fibrinogen, haptoglobin, and alpha 1-antitrypsin) of the six acute phase reactants. The concentration of serum ferritin did not show a significant change. A significant decrease was noted in the serum iron concentration and a significant increase occurred with CK and myoglobin secondary to the muscle biopsy. Thus the inflammation of a muscle biopsy produces a significant acute phase reaction. PMID- 7119555 TI - Aneurysmal bone cyst of rib. PMID- 7119554 TI - Methanethiol and fatty acids depress urea synthesis by the isolated perfused rat liver. PMID- 7119556 TI - The marsupialized (radical) mastoid. PMID- 7119557 TI - Post-operative ear canal volume measurements. PMID- 7119558 TI - Middle-ear pressure variations during general anaesthesia. PMID- 7119559 TI - The effect of nitrous oxide on middle-ear effusions. PMID- 7119560 TI - The screening and epidemiology of middle-ear disease in a population of primary school entrants. AB - The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that the epidemiology of middle-ear pathology in primary school entrants is such that any screening procedure based upon a "once and for all' test on a single cohort of children is unlikely to identify those children most in need of intervention and likely to lead to unnecessary over referrals both to a Community Audiology Clinic or a Specialist Unit. Further evidence is produced to show the value of serial tympanometry as a screening tool generally and the use of the tympanometer 85AR specifically. Agreement is also measured between three variables in middle-ear pathology, namely clinical appearance and mobility of the tympanic membrane and the associated Tympanogram Type. The relative merits of clinical examination as a screen are discussed. A population of children from three primary schools was studied on four separate occasions during 1980. 553 five-year-old children were tested overall. PMID- 7119561 TI - Myringoplasty (A review of 365 operations). AB - A series of 365 cases of tympanic membrane repair by the same surgeon is analysed, comparing the results of different techniques and grafting materials. A detailed study of 206 of these cases employing the underlay technique with temporal fascia is reported. In this group a graft take rate of 91.4 per cent in dry ears, and of 89.3 per cent in all cases, was achieved. Various factors liable to influence the success rate are analysed and discussed. No cases of conductive or sensori-neural hearing loss resulting from the operation were encountered. PMID- 7119562 TI - Primary basilar impression: an aetiological factor in Meniere's disease. PMID- 7119563 TI - The incidence and bacteriology of maxillary sinusitis in nasal polyposis. PMID- 7119564 TI - The effect of cigarette smoke on the tracheal mucosa of the rabbit. An electron microscopic study. AB - The effect of whole cigarette smoke on the tracheal mucosa of the rabbit has been studied by the electron microscope. The epithelium shows oedema and disturbed stratification. The cilia are sparse and some show clubbing. The basal cells are active. Large amorphorous bodies and numerous vacuoles are found in the tunica propria. Some damage in the smooth muscles is found. The irritative effect of cigarette smoke on the epithelium is demonstrated. Factors which may explain the rare incidence of malignancy in the trachea are discussed. PMID- 7119565 TI - Bilateral basal cell carcinoma of the ears. (A case report). PMID- 7119566 TI - Spontaneous laryngeal emphysema. (A case report). PMID- 7119567 TI - Lymphomatoid granulomatosis presenting primarily in a parotid gland. PMID- 7119568 TI - Alterations in lipoprotein composition associated with galactosamine-induced rat liver injury. AB - The apoprotein and lipid composition and the morphology of lipoproteins was determined in rats with D-(+)-galactosamine (GalN) hepatitis. Single intraperitoneal injections of GalN at several dose levels and postinjection exsanguination times resulted in depressed levels of cholesteryl esters, an index of plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity, and increased levels of phospholipids, unesterified cholesterol, and triglycerides. Plasma withdrawn from rats 24 hr after injection of 1000 mg/kg GalN was most deficient in cholesteryl ester and was studied further by sequential isolation of VLDL, LDL, HDL1, HDL2, and HDL3. The increased plasma triglyceride (TG) after GalN treatment accumulated in TG-rich VLDL which contained two types of particles: a large (mean diameter 193.6 +/- 48.3 nm) and rough-edged particle, and a smooth one with a mean diameter (63.4 +/- 13.2 nm) similar to control VLDL (69.4 +/- 20.2 nm). The increased phospholiThe increased plasma triglyceride (TG) after GalN treatment accumulated in TG-rich VLDL which contained two types of particles: a large (mean diameter 193.6 +/- 48.3 nm) and rough-edged particle, and a smooth one with a mean diameter (63.4 +/- 13.2 nm) similar to control VLDL (69.4 +/- 20.2 nm). The increased phospholiThe increased plasma triglyceride (TG) after GalN treatment accumulated in TG-rich VLDL which contained two types of particles: a large (mean diameter 193.6 +/- 48.3 nm) and rough-edged particle, and a smooth one with a mean diameter (63.4 +/- 13.2 nm) similar to control VLDL (69.4 +/- 20.2 nm). The increased phospholipids and unesterified cholesterol were predominantly in LDL, HDL1, and HDL2 which were largely rouleaux of flattened vesicles. Density gradient ultracentrifugation of d greater than 1.006 g/ml lipoproteins confirmed these results. GalN hepatitis appeared to decrease the larger apoB335K subspecies and the apoC-III0 and apoC-III2 content of VLDL. However, total apoB concentration as GalN VLDL was increased 2.6-fold over control. LDL and HDL were markedly enriched in apoE. LDL apoB concentration was decreased by 41% while HDL was deficient in apoA-I, A-II and A-IV, and C. These results demonstrate association of increased plasma triglycerides with particles of grossly abnormal apoprotein composition, and the association of increased plasma phospholipids and unesterified cholesterol with apoE-rich lipoproteins during the LCAT defect produced by GalN hepatitis. These abnormal lipoproteins may represent an abnormal level of normal LCAT substrates important in the transport and esterification of plasma cholesterol. PMID- 7119569 TI - Structural and metabolic heterogeneity of beta-very low density lipoproteins from cholesterol-fed dogs and from humans with type III hyperlipoproteinemia. AB - Cholesteryl ester-rich beta-very low density lipoproteins (beta-VLDL) are beta migrating lipoproteins that accumulate in the d < 1.006 g/ml fraction of plasma from cholesterol-fed animals and from patients with Type III hyperlipoproteinemia. They can be separated from pre-beta-migrating very low density lipoproteins in the d 1.006 g/ml fraction by Geon-Pevikon block electrophoresis. The beta-VLDL have a general property of stimulating cholesteryl ester synthesis and accumulation in macrophages. In the present study, we demonstrated that beta-VLDL obtained from cholesterol-fed dogs fasted for 16 hr were heterogeneous and that two subpopulations of particles, referred to as Fractions I and II, could be isolated from the whole beta-VLDL fraction using gel filtration chromatography. These fractions of beta-VLDL were similar in that both were cholesteryl ester rich, had beta-electrophoretic mobility on Geon-Pevikon electrophoresis, and possessed the B and E apoproteins as major constituents. However, Fractions I and II differed in size, shape, electrophoretic mobility, chemical composition, and apoprotein B type. (Fraction I vs. Fraction II: size: 90 to 300 nm vs. 20 to 70 nm; shape: irregular with redundant surface vs. spherical; electrophoretic mobility on paper: origin vs. beta; chemical composition: rich in phospholipid and poor in protein vs. rich in protein and poor in triglycerides; apoprotein B types: equal amounts of the high and low molecular weight forms vs. predominantly the high molecular weight form.) Furthermore, Fraction I was 3- to 15-fold more active than Fraction II in stimulating cholesteryl ester formation in mouse peritoneal macrophages. The concentration of Fraction I, but not Fraction II, was diminished in plasma by prolonged fasting, and Fraction I transported more intestinal-absorbed retinol than Fraction II. In addition, the plasma clearance of Fraction I injected into cholesterol-fed dogs was distinctly different from the clearance of Fraction II, and the in vivo dieaway of Fraction I resembled that of chylomicrons and chylomicron remnants. These findings suggest that beta-VLDL in dogs are composed of cholesteryl ester-rich chylomicron remnants (Fraction I) and cholesteryl ester rich lipoproteins, probably of liver origin (Fraction II). Finally, in studies of two patients with Type III hyperlipoproteinemia, we also identified the existence of two fractions in the beta-VLDL with characteristics similar to Fractions I and II of cholesterol-fed dogs.-Fainaru, M., R. W. Mahley, R. L. Hamilton, and T. L. Innerarity. Structural and metabolic heterogeneity of beta-very low density lipoproteins from cholesterol-fed dogs and from humans with Type III hyperlipoproteinemia. PMID- 7119570 TI - The metabolism of primary, 7-oxo, and 7 beta-hydroxy bile acids by Clostridium absonum. AB - Clostridium absonum was shown to metabolize primary bile acids to give rise to both 7-oxo bile acids and 7 beta-hydroxy (urso) bile acids. At relatively low redox potential (Eh) values, high yields of urso bile acids were achieved (60 75%). If, however, the Eh value of the culture was allowed to rise above approximately -100 mv, the 7-oxo bile acid would tend to predominate (more than 75%) and the "death phase" was accelerated. Growth of C. absonum in sterile graduated cylinders instead of in conventional Erlenmeyer flasks was effective in delaying the rise in Eh value with time (which appears largely due to diffusion of atmospheric oxygen into the medium) and in preserving a higher viable count of organisms. It is proposed that the formation of excess amounts of 7-oxo bile acid is a manifestation of oxygen toxicity and that it could be mediated by an increasing intracellular NADP:NADPH ratio. Additionally, the reaction: primary bile acid in equilibrium oxo bile acid in equilibrium urso bile acid was shown to be partially reversible. When the organisms were grown with [24 (14)C]chenodeoxycholic, -cholic, or -7-keto-lithocholic acid, this reaction could be clearly demonstrated. The addition of an equimolar concentration of deoxycholic acid (which itself is not metabolized) effectively enhanced the rate of bioconversion of cholate and 7-keto-lithocholic, but not chenodeoxycholate (whose rate of bioconversion was the fastest of the three). When the organisms were grown with urso bile acids (ursocholic or ursodeoxycholic) or with 7-keto deoxycholic acid, very little metabolism occurred unless deoxycholic acid was added which induced formation of primary and keto bile acids. In all cases, formation of oxo bile acid from primary or urso bile acid occurred as the Eh value of the medium rose with time and could thus be delayed by the use of a cylinder instead of a flask for growing the culture. These results were rationalized by demonstrating that induction of 7 alpha- and 7 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase is strongly mediated by chenodeoxycholic and deoxycholic acids, weakly mediated by cholic and 7-keto-lithocholic acids, and ineffective with 7-keto-deoxycholic, ursocholic, and ursodeoxycholic acids. PMID- 7119571 TI - Cholesterol turnover in lipid phases of human atherosclerotic plaque. AB - The turnover of free cholesterol in atheromatous plaque lipid phases was studied in a patient undergoing peripheral vascular surgery. [14C]Cholesterol was injected intravenously 139 days prior to surgery, and [3H]cholesterol was injected 12 days pre-op. The plasma cholesterol specific radioactivity decay curves were determined from the times of isotope injection until surgery. At surgery, atheroma, skin, muscle, and tendon were obtained. Lipid phases of plaque homogenate were isolated by density gradient centrifugation. The top layer of the gradient, layer 1, contained the cholesteryl ester oil droplet phase, layer 2 was enriched in phospholipid bilayer phase, layer 3 contained cholesterol monohydrate crystals and the pellet, layer 4 had more dense plaque components such as collagen and elastin. The tissue:plasma specific radioactivity ratios on days 12 and 139 respectively were muscle, 0.86, 2.47; skin, 0.74, 1.20; tendon, 0.18, 1.45; total plaque, 0.22, 1.39; plaque layer 1, 0.31, 1.50; layer 2, 0.22, 1.53; layer 3, 0.08, 0.61; and layer 4, 0.20, 0.88. Thus, plaque atheroma, which contains physically distinct forms of cholesterol, had correspondingly different rates of cholesterol turnover. Cholesterol solubilized in liquid oil droplets (layer 1) and liquid crystalline phospholipid bilayers (layer 2) had specific radioactivity values similar to those of tendon cholesterol, and represented tissue cholesterol that was undergoing slow equilibration with the plasma cholesterol pool. Pellet cholesterol (layer 4), which is probably connective tissue-associated, had lower specific radioactivity values, well below those of plasma cholesterol even after 5 months. Crystalline cholesterol (layer 3) had the lowest specific radioactivity values of all tissues and plaque fractions. Therefore, cholesterol in the crystalline state is relatively inert. Since crystalline cholesterol can account for over 40% of plaque free cholesterol, resistance to mobilization of this lipid may be an important obstacle to plaque regression. PMID- 7119572 TI - Metabolic heterogeneity of low density lipoprotein-apoB production in familial hypercholesterolemia: an analytical model solution of tracer data. AB - Six subjects with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) (three males, three females) formed the basis for an investigation of the pathways of production of apoprotein B within plasma low-density-lipoprotein (LDL-apoB). Following the intravenous injection of [75Se]selenomethionine as an amino acid tracer, incorporation of the radioactive isotope into the putative precursor of LDL, intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL-apoB), was examined over a 9-day period. The resulting tracer data provided the precursor profile for both the IDL catabolic conversion of LDL as well as for direct synthesis of LDL from amino acids. The fractional conversion rates, (beta) for IDL and (alpha) for amino acids to LDL-apoB, were determined utilizing the two-compartment model for LDL involving both the intravascular and the extravascular pools of apoB. This LDL model was resolved analytically and the parameters alpha and beta were determined so as to give the least squares fit to the LDL tracer data. In this solution, the fractional conversion rates of IDL and of amino acids to LDL-apoB were resolved with a mean fractional residual of 20 +/- 6%, which was randomly distributed within the LDL-apoB data throughout the 216 hours of the studies. The steady state determination of the pathways of LDL-apoB synthesis, based upon this tracer analysis, indicate that IDL accounts for 46%, and amino acids account for 54% of total apoB production within plasma LDL in heterozygous FH. In contrast, in normal subjects, IDL accounts for 86% of total LDL-apoB production. Since the IDL catabolic pathway represents the predominant if not exclusive source of LDL in normal man, this demonstration of a major non-IDL source of LDL in FH broadens the understanding of the pathophysiology of human familial hypercholesterolemia. PMID- 7119573 TI - Composition, concentration, and size of low density lipoproteins and of subfractions of very low density lipoproteins from serum of normal men and women. AB - Low density lipoprotein (LDL) and four subfractions, A, B, C, and D of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), characterized by the following decreasing Sf values, greater than 400, 175-400, 100-175, and 20-100, respectively, were isolated by density gradient preparative ultracentrifugation from serum of normal men and women and analyzed for lipids, total protein, and apoB. The percentage distribution of the triglycerides of VLDL on fractions A to D were 1, 25, 30, and 45%, respectively, for both males and females. The numbers of VLDL particles for males in fractions B to D were 5, 10, and 40 X 10(12) per ml serum, respectively. Females, who had lower VLDL concentrations than males, had half as many particles per ml of serum. The number of LDL particles was similar in males and females and was 10 times that of VLDL. The relative composition of the lipoproteins changed progressively from fraction B to D and from D to LDL. The percentage of triglyceride and soluble proteins fell, due to loss of mass of these constituents from the particles. The percentage of apoB and cholesteryl esters rose; this was not due to an increase of mass but because the particles became smaller. There were no sex differences. The numbers of molecules per particle of the constituents showed a successive decrease from VLDL-B to LDL for triglycerides, free cholesterol, phospholipids, and soluble apolipoproteins, while it remained constant for apoB, as well as for cholesteryl esters from VLDL-C to LDL. These data fit the following hypothesis for the VLDL to LDL cascade. The large VLDL particle successively loses molecules of triglycerides (core) and of soluble protein, free cholesterol, and phospholipids (surface). In this process, VLDL retains its molecules of apoB, and cholesteryl esters are lost from large VLDL but not from medium or small-sized VLDL. PMID- 7119574 TI - Hepatic cholesterol metabolism in obesity: activity of microsomal 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. AB - Obesity is often associated with an elevated total body cholesterol synthesis. In order to evaluate the role of hepatic cholesterogenesis in this phenomenon, we assayed the rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis, 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase in the microsomal fraction of liver biopsies obtained operatively from ten morbidly obese (relative body weight greater than 155%) subjects. Eighteen normal-weight patients (relative body weight less than 120%) with cholesterol gallstones served as controls. Hepatic HMG CoA reductase activity, expressed as pmol X min-1 X mg protein-1, was 60% higher in the obese subjects compared to the gallstone patients (P less than 0.05). Microsomal protein concentration was lower in the obese patients, so that enzyme activity calculated per gram liver was not significantly different between the two groups. However, mevalonate formation, expressed in terms of total organ activity, was higher in the obese than in the nonobese group. The results suggest that the liver is a major contributor to the increased cholesterol production seen in obesity. PMID- 7119575 TI - The sterol substrate specificity of acyl CoA: :cholesterol acyltransferase from rat liver. AB - Rat liver microsomes were incubated with various sterols suspended in Triton WR 1339, and the extent of esterification of these sterols by acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase was determined. A 3 beta-hydroxyl group was required for esterification to occur. Furthermore, the rate of ester formation of campesterol was only 20% that of cholesterol, and the rates for sitosterol and stigmasterol were below detectable limits indicating that the structure of the alkyl side chain plays an important role in the interaction between substrate and enzyme. Additional evidence concerning the importance of the side chain was obtained by following the esterification of a series of linear side chain analogues of cholesterol. Maximal ester formation was obtained when the longest chain on C-20 had five carbons (the same as cholesterol) and either an increase or decrease in the number of carbons reduced the amount of ester formed. Sterols containing a 4 gem-dimethyl group were not esterified, while 4 alpha-methylcholest-7-en-3 beta ol showed significant esterification. Lathosterol, cholestanol, and desmosterol were esterified 41%, 70%, and 62%, respectively, as well as was cholesterol. The relationship between the specificity of acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase and the occurrence of sterol esters in tissues is discussed. PMID- 7119576 TI - Diet-induced and physiologically occurring hypercholesterolemias in the spontaneous hypothyroid European badger (Meles meles L.): a density gradient study of lipoprotein profile. AB - As previously shown in this laboratory (Laplaud, P. M. et al. J. Lipid Res. 1980. 21: 724-738), the European badger is, with regard to its plasma lipid transport system, an original and complex animal of great potential interest to lipoprotein research. In an effort to study the response of this animal to cholesterol feeding, we gave a diet supplemented with 1% cholesterol to six male badgers (group H) during the late fall period when spontaneous hypercholesterolemia and hypothyroidism occur. Six more male animals of similar age received the standard diet (group C) and were simultaneously used as controls. Plasma lipids were measured using enzymatic methodologies, while the use of a recently described density gradient ultracentrifugation technique allowed detailed examination of lipoprotein composition and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of lipoproteins and tetramethylurea-soluble apoproteins in the fractions. The results suggest the superimposition, in H badgers, of the spontaneous and diet-induced hypercholesterolemias, maximum levels being reached in December in both C and H groups. While the two groups were very similar at the beginning of the experiment, highly significant differences (P < 0.01) were subsequently observed between C and H animals in plasma cholesterol and phospholipid concentrations. Density gradient ultracentrifugation provided evidence for the following diet induced changes in lipoprotein profile: 1) a twofold increase in cholesteryl esters in particles of d < 1.006 g/ml; 2) the occurrence of large amounts of supplementary cholesterol-rich low density lipoproteins, mainly in the 1.019 1.027 g/ml region; 3) an increase in the 1.039-1.055 g/ml low density lipoproteins; and 4) a change in the ratio of the concentrations of high density lipoproteins of d 1.065-1.100 g/ml and d 1.100-1.162 g/ml, to the benefit of the former. Electrophoresis of the density gradient fractions revealed marked heterogeneity, especially in the low density part of the spectrum. Electrophoresis of the low molecular weight, tetramethylurea-soluble apoproteins failed to show marked differences between C and H badgers. However, chromatographic determination of the proportion of apoB in the protein moiety of the two main low density components showed that 1) it was consistently low, 2) its contribution to the higher density fraction (d 1.039-1.046 g/ml) was unaffected by the hypercholesterolemic diet (being about 25% in both C and H animals), and 3) its contribution to the lower density fraction (d 1.019-1.027 g/ml) decreased under the same nutritional conditions, representing about 20% in C as compared to about 10% in H badgers.-Laplaud, P. M., Beaubatie, and D. Maurel. Dietinduced and physiologically occurring hypercholesterolemias in the spontaneous hypothyroid European badger (Meles meles L.): a density gradient study of lipoprotein profile. PMID- 7119578 TI - Pattern formation in morphogenesis. Analytical treatment of the Gierer-Meinhardt model on a sphere. AB - We first treat the Gierer-Meinhardt equations by linear stability analysis to determine the critical parameter, at which the homogeneous distributions of activator and inhibitor concentrations become unstable. We find two types of instabilities: one leading to spatial pattern formation and another one leading to temporal oscillations. We consider the case where two instabilities are present. Using the method of generalized Ginzburg-Landau equations introduced earlier we then analyze the nonlinear equations. As we are mainly interested in spatial pattern formation on a sphere we consider the problem under an appropriate constraint. Combining the two occurring solutions we find patterns well-known in biology, such as a gradient system and temporal oscillations. PMID- 7119577 TI - Ionization behavior of aqueous short-chain carboxylic acids: a carbon-13 NMR study. AB - The 13C chemical shift of each carbon of aqueous acetic, propionic, and butyric acids has been measured as a function of pH or of added equivalents of base. A plot of chemical shifts for the carboxyl, alpha, and beta carbons as a function of pH is sigmoidal and yields pKa values that agree closely with values obtained by potentiometric titration. In contrast, a plot of chemical shift as a function of added equivalents of base is linear and has a sharp break at the equivalence point. Based on this result, we propose that the local (microscopic) ionization state of the carboxyl group can be determined directly by NMR without need for pH or pK determinations. In addition to titration curves, the effects of concentration, ionic strength, and temperature upon fatty acid chemical shifts are reported. For aqueous acids, changes in ionic strength and temperature have no effect on chemical shifts. However, changes in concentration do affect chemical shifts, probably as a result of changes in the relative degree of acid acid and acid-water hydrogen bonding. Our results provide necessary background data for 13C NMR studies of higher fatty acids in lipid-lipid and lipid-protein systems. PMID- 7119579 TI - Strange attractors in Volterra equations for species in competition. PMID- 7119580 TI - Critical manifolds, travelling waves, and an example from population genetics. PMID- 7119581 TI - A recovery-relapse epidemic model with spatial diffusion. PMID- 7119582 TI - A combinatorial problem in pharmacology. PMID- 7119583 TI - Theoretical basis of single breath gas absorption tests. AB - Absorption of gas from alveoli is examined in a simplified model of the respiratory system during a stylized single breath consisting of constant inspiratory flow, constant expiratory flow, and breathholding. The equations describing gas behavior are general since they are based upon conservation of mass. The equations simplify considerably when gases that are not soluble in pulmonary tissue and/or blood are utilized. In a three-compartment model, diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DCO) will be underestimated except when both uneven distribution of lung volume and DCO are present; under most circumstances, the standard clinical 10-s method [9] is at least as accurate as any other. When pulmonary capillary blood flow (Qc) is calculated by the one point method [2] in a one-compartment lung, it is underestimated; in the three compartment model, it is underestimated except when both uneven distribution of Qc and lung volume are present. The multiple single breath method [2] accurately measures DCO and Qc. Measurement of pulmonary tissue volume is improved by correcting the value of the intercept of acetylene absorption to the time when carbon monoxide apparently began rather than utilizing the beginning of inspiration. PMID- 7119584 TI - Population dynamics in variable environments. IV. Weak ergodicity in the Lotka equation. AB - The Hilbert projective metric is applied to the continuous-time Lotka equation in demography to establish weak ergodicity: populations with the same time-varying fecundity and mortality schedules ultimately have the same age composition. The analysis displays clearly the dynamic content of Lotka's equation and identifies a contraction operator which forces convergence of birth sequences over time. The relationship between primitivity in the discrete (Leslie) and continuous (Lotka) demographic models is made clear. PMID- 7119585 TI - A predator prey model with age structure. AB - A general predator-prey model is considered in which the predator population is assumed to have an age structure which significantly affects it fecundity. The model equations are derived from the general McKendrick equations for age structured populations. The existence, stability and de-stabilization of equilibria are studied as they depend on the prey's natural carrying capacity and the maturation period m of the predator. The main result of the paper is that for a broad class of maturation functions positive equilibria are either unstable for small m or are destabilized as m decreases to zero. This is in contrast to the usual rule of thumb that increasing (not decreasing) delays in growth rate responses cause instabilities. PMID- 7119586 TI - Models of the influence of predation on aspect diversity in prey populations. AB - By considering a model incorporating behavioral changes by predators and prey evolution, we demonstrate how under certain conditions apostatic predation influences the maintenance of diversity within prey populations, and among different prey species. Further, we estimate the intrinsic "diversity" wavelength of the system when apostasy combines with other factors to lead to nonuniform distributions of prey along aspect gradients. PMID- 7119587 TI - Top predator persistence in differential equation models of food chains: the effects of omnivory and external forcing of lower trophic levels. AB - Persistence criteria are given for the highest trophic level predator in ordinary differential equation models of food chains exhibiting arbitrary omnivory and external supplementation of food source or an intermediate predator. The results are expressed in terms of inequalities involving the bounds on the intrinsic growth and interaction rates. Whether omnivory or external forcing enhances persistence is discussed, particularly for the examples of three-, four-, and five-link Lotka-Volterra food chains. PMID- 7119588 TI - Poisson convergence on continuous time branching random walks and multistage carcinogenesis. AB - A theorem for Poisson convergence on realizations of two-dimensional Branching Random Walks with an underlying continuous time Markov Branching Process is proved. This result can be used to gain an approximation for the number of cells having sustained a certain deficiency after a long time in multistage carcinogenesis. PMID- 7119589 TI - A mathematical model of biological evolution. AB - In order to understand generally how the biological evolution rate depends on relevant parameters such as mutation rate, intensity of selection pressure and its persistence time, the following mathematical model is proposed: dNn(t)/dt = (mn(t) - mu)Nn(t) + muNn-1(t) (n = 0,1,2,3,...), where Nn(t) and mn(t) are respectively the number and Malthusian parameter of replicons with step number n in a population at time t and mean is the mutation rate, assumed to be a positive constant. The step number of each replicon is defined as either equal to or larger by one than that of its parent, the latter case occurring when and only when mutation has taken place. The average evolution rate defined by v infinity identical to lim t leads to infinity sigma infinity n = o nNn(t)/t sigma infinity n = o Nn(t) is rigorously obtained for the case (i) mn(t) = mn is independent of t (constant fitness model), where mn is essentially periodic with respect to n, and for the case (ii) mn(t) = s(-1) n+[t/tau] (periodic fitness model), together with the long time average -m infinity of the average Malthusian parameter -m identical to sigma infinity n = o mn(t)Nn(t)/sigma infinity n = o Nn(t). The biological meaning of the results is discussed, comparing them with the features of actual molecular evolution and with some results of computer simulation of the model for finite populations. PMID- 7119590 TI - Further results on the survival of a gene represented in a founder population. AB - This paper is concerned with gene survival in a population which may increase without density dependence according to a generalization of the Moran model for haploid individuals. A selective advantage to one allele and the possibility of differential reproductive rates are allowed. Simple conditions are given for ultimate homozygosity to be certain and for the possibility of ultimate polymorphism. The results complement and extend those of Heyde (1981, 1982). PMID- 7119591 TI - Aggregation of cell surface receptors by multivalent ligands. AB - Using a combination of branching processes and kinetic equations a solution is provided to the problem of describing the size of aggregates formed on cell surfaces when multivalent ligands bind and cross-link multivalent receptors. A criterion is given for the onset of gelation in infinite 2-dimensional systems, which may be relevant to the phenomenon of ligand-induced receptor patching. PMID- 7119592 TI - Creation science and chiropractic curriculum alternatives. PMID- 7119593 TI - Video integrated measurement system. AB - A Video Integrated Measurement (VIM) System is described which incorporates the use of various noninvasive diagnostic procedures (moire contourography, electromyography, posturometry, infrared thermography, etc.), used individually or in combination, for the evaluation of neuromusculoskeletal and other disorders and their management with biofeedback and other therapeutic procedures. The system provides for measuring individual diagnostic and therapeutic modes, or multiple modes by split screen superimposition, of real time (actual) images of the patient and idealized (ideal-normal) models on a video monitor, along with analog and digital data, graphics, color, and other transduced symbolic information. It is concluded that this system provides an innovative and efficient method by which the therapist and patient can interact in biofeedback training/learning processes and holds considerable promise for more effective measurement and treatment of a wide variety of physical and behavioral disorders. PMID- 7119594 TI - Roentgenographic measurement of atlas laterality and rotation: a retrospective pre- and post-manipulation study. AB - Case records (523) were chosen at random from the files of J.F. Grostic, D.C. (deceased) for retrospective determination of the effects of chiropractic adjustments on atlas positioning relative to the occiput and axis. For each patient the recorded degrees of (1) atlas rotation and (2) laterality, both before and soon after spinal manipulative therapy, were extracted from the x-ray reports. Frequency histograms were made of pre- and post-adjustment degrees of laterality and rotation and the relative change of values analyzed statistically. Before manipulation, nine patients had zero atlas rotation and none were zero with respect to laterality. The mean deviation from zero degrees of "misalignment," was 2.75 and 2.63 respectively for rotation and laterality. After manipulation the corresponding values were 1.43 and 140, which is a statistically significant change. The numbers of patients who had zero rotations and laterality after adjustment were 156 and 151 respectively. In 63 patients the post adjustment values were zero for both parameters. Under the circumstances presented in this retrospective study, these data tend to show that spinal manipulative therapy altered the position of atlas in the postulated direction. PMID- 7119595 TI - Conservative and chiropractic treatment of meralgia paresthetica: review and case report. AB - Meralgia paresthetica, a neuritis of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, appears to be usually a nerve entrapment syndrome but may also arise from other nerve insults or neuropathies. This paper reviews the anatomy of the affected nerve, differential diagnosis of the condition and the available treatments from conservative to surgical. The authors suggest that, because of failure to recognize it, the condition may be more prevalent than has been assumed, and they propose a role for chiropractic care in the sequence of management. This proposal is supported by a case report of a patient in which we describe our procedure for diagnosis of meralgia paresthetica and for monitoring progress; we then explain our course of conservative chiropractic treatment. That the symptoms of nine month's duration diminished progressively during six weeks of chiropractic treatment and have not returned in the six months post-treatment period offers no conclusive proof, but has encouraged us to investigate a larger sample of cases in our clinics. PMID- 7119597 TI - Survey of chiropractic in Dade County, Florida. AB - This survey of the members of the Dade County Chiropractic Society of Miami, Florida was initiated with the encouragement and under the supervision of the Dade County Health Systems Agency (HSA). The purpose of the survey was to obtain information relative to the inclusion of chiropractic into future health planning to be conducted by the HSA. The survey was divided into a "Physicians Survey" obtaining information on location, office hours, gross income, total patient visits and type of practice of the doctor, and a "Patient Survey" obtaining information on age, sex, ethnic origin, residence, and payment source of the patients. Clinical information on initial complaints, diagnoses, treatment, referrals, and amount of care was also obtained. It was found that chiropractors work an average of 31.7 hours per week with a gross annual income of $74,750.00 (1979). The male-female distribution of patients was equal and the average patient age was 43.4 years. Anglocaucasian category comprised 80.2% of the patient sample. Nearly 50% of all chiropractic patients pay for services rendered out of their own pocket. Of the primary diagnosis, 81.3% related to the spine. The study concludes that the practice of chiropractic in Dade County is very similar to the practice of chiropractic in general. PMID- 7119596 TI - Treatment of temporomandibular joint syndrome for relief of cervical spine pain: case report. AB - An adult female presenting with clinical impressions of cervical myositis with radiculopathy which began three days earlier following a motor vehicle accident, was referred for dental consultation because of tenderness over the left temporomandibular joint; response of the cervical spine pain to manipulation and physical therapy, including transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), was minimal. Dental examination revealed a malocclusion and following treatment with an intraoral orthotic device, along with chiropractic care, the patient's cervical spine pain was completely relieved. It was concluded that cervical spine pain of this nature may be interrelated with temporomandibular joint syndrome due to malocclusion and that when such cervical spine pain is not satisfactorily responsive to routine chiropractic care, dental examination may be indicated. PMID- 7119598 TI - Roentgen cephalopelvimetry--genetic acceptability and medical efficacy. PMID- 7119599 TI - Hyperthyroidism with associated jejunojejunal intussusception. PMID- 7119600 TI - Silicone cast treatment for athletic injuries to the upper extremities. PMID- 7119601 TI - Health maintenance organizations in Atlanta. PMID- 7119603 TI - Women and medicine. PMID- 7119602 TI - A summary of legislative responses to the medical malpractice crisis. PMID- 7119604 TI - Women and medicine. PMID- 7119607 TI - Psychiatric discourse and the feminine voice. PMID- 7119605 TI - Women and medicine: an introduction. PMID- 7119606 TI - Consciousness, liberation, and health delivery systems. PMID- 7119608 TI - Ethical issues in childbirth. AB - Medical intervention in childbirth raises a number of ethical issues which have received too little attention in American obstetrics. A number of these issues are surveyed in the first section of this essay. In the second section, the hospital and the roles characteristically ascribed to patients, staff, and obstetrical practitioners are shown to provide an unsatisfactory social setting for birth. Several proposals for improving existing arrangements or for providing alternatives are offered. It is argued that procedures for eliciting and maintaining fidelity to patient values for the birth experience are crucial elements in acceptable care. PMID- 7119609 TI - Medicine as patriarchal religion. AB - This article demonstrates, by use of specific theological paradigms, how medicine functions as religion. In doing so, medicine promotes anti-feminist beliefs, symbols, social memories, and churchly structures. The essay then examines the enhancement of women's health from a feminist philosophical perspective. It argues against fetishizing in health promotion to the extent that everything comes to be regarded as therapeutic. Medicine has advanced the ideology that life itself is a disease to be cured or, at best, prevented. Alternative ethics of health promotion could revise this tendency of regular medicine to appropriate all of life into the medical domain, advocating that all sorts of simple daily activities are profoundly therapeutic in some way. Rather, health must be viewed as the constant attempt to re-create a female environment that is Self-defined on the boundary of an environment that is man-made. PMID- 7119610 TI - Tenth Annual Conference of the Society for Computer Medicine. PMID- 7119611 TI - A menu-driven, touch-panel microcomputer for physicians to generate clinical records. PMID- 7119612 TI - COSTAR--The stethoscope of the 1980s. PMID- 7119613 TI - Clinical data base management by microcomputer. PMID- 7119614 TI - Use of a microcomputer in the management of antibiotic dosage. PMID- 7119615 TI - The human element in computer-generated patient management plans. PMID- 7119616 TI - A county-wide obstetrical automated medical record system. PMID- 7119617 TI - Clinical management by rural nurses using a microcomputer. PMID- 7119618 TI - Computerized Doppler tomography: ultrasonic imaging and analysis of blood flow. PMID- 7119620 TI - Computer-assisted operating room scheduling. PMID- 7119619 TI - Computer-generated management tools for the clinical pathology laboratory. II. Computer-generated graphic work flow. PMID- 7119621 TI - A multipurpose microcomputer system in the physician's office. PMID- 7119622 TI - Epidemiologic study of risk factors in cancer of the cervix uteri in Thai women. PMID- 7119623 TI - Vasectomy reversal: experience in Ramathibodi Hospital, Thailand. PMID- 7119624 TI - The incidence of hepatitis B surface antigen in liver tissues of liver diseases in Thailand. PMID- 7119626 TI - On the comparison of serum cortisol by direct radioimmunoassay and fluorometric method. PMID- 7119627 TI - XYY karyotype with severe primary hypogonadism. A case report. PMID- 7119625 TI - Gastric acid secretion in Thai controls and patients with gastric ulcer as determined by pentagastrin test. PMID- 7119628 TI - Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and pulmonary arteriovenous fistula. PMID- 7119629 TI - Long-term observation of cardiac rhythm and automaticity in the dog after excision of the sinoatrial node. AB - Twenty-nine dogs having undergone aseptic excision of the sinoatrial node were kept under observation, in most cases, for more than a year. Observation confirmed the instability of the new rhythm or rhythms taking over the automaticity after excision of the physiological pacemaker. This instability was particularly marked during the first ten days following surgery. The new pacemaking sites were mainly junctional. Spontaneous pauses occurred. Later on, in more than 50% of the cases, pacemaker sites became localized in the high zone of the atrium, and the rhythm was of sinus node origin. Through the evolution, rhythm disorders were observed as sequences of bradycardia, tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, and flutter. Unexcised nodal cells were found in three animals, through their presence did not make any significant difference to their ECGs as compared with animals in which removal of nodal cells was complete. Surgical implantation of electrodes enabled a study to be made of recovery time, which was always well within physiological limits, but was particularly long during the ten days following surgery. The values varied greatly from one examination to another. Propranolol (0.5 mg/kg i.v.) aggravated the disorders and lengthened corrected recovery time; atropine had varying effects. An analogy is apparent between the disorders described here and those observed in man in the sick sinus syndrome. PMID- 7119630 TI - The genesis of indeterminate axis: a quantitative vectorcardiographic analysis. AB - The vectorcardiographic basis of indeterminate QRS axis has not been elucidated. Accordingly, Frank lead VCGs were obtained on ten consecutive subjects with biphasic QRS complexes in the six extremity leads. The frontal plane vector in each case showed a very narrow loop inscribed in a symmetrical fashion around the E point. The maximal width of the frontal plane loop (0.20+/-0.10 mV, mean +/-SD) was significantly smaller (P less than 0.02) than previously published normal values (0.29+/-0.15 mV, n=100). Terminal forces were oriented to the right and superiorly. The transverse plane vector also showed a characteristic pattern with posterior and rightward orientation of terminal forces; the 50 ms QRS vector was significantly (P less than 0.0005) more posterior and rightward (258+/-29 degrees) in subjects with indeterminate axis compared with established normal values (307+/-28 degrees, n=510). The precordial leads reflecting these terminal, rightward forces showed prominent S waves in lead V5 (0.86+/-0.48 mV) and V6 (0.38+/-0.27 mV) which were significantly greater (p less than 0.0005) than the amplitude of S waves in lead V5 (0.24+/-0.20 mV) and V6 (0.06+/-0.09 mV) established for normals (n=424). These findings suggest that: 1) the indeterminate nature of the frontal plane QRS axis is an epiphenomenon resulting from orientation of the plane of the QRS loop relatively perpendicular to the frontal plane; and 2) the underlying factor is the posterior, rightward and superior orientation of terminal QRS forces, which may result from a number of causes. PMID- 7119631 TI - Mechanism of free fatty acid-induced arrhythmias. PMID- 7119632 TI - Suppressive effect of acetylcholine on automaticity of canine atrioventricular node. AB - The effects of acetylcholine on the spontaneous activity of the AV node of dog hearts were studied by recording transmembrane potentials of its fibers. Action potentials of most nodal fibers were characterized by prominent phase 4 depolarization and a smooth transition from phases 4 to 0. On the isolated AV nodes, acetylcholine at 1.0 microgram/m1 suppressed the rate of phase 4 depolarization and increased the amplitude of the maximum diastolic potential, resulting in a slowing of spontaneous activity. At 2.0 micrograms/m1, spontaneous activity was completely suppressed. In comparison, spontaneous activity of the isolated His bundle was relatively insensitive to the suppressive effect of acetylcholine at the same concentrations. In the AV node-His bundle preparations in which the AV node was the pacemaker, acetylcholine decreased spontaneous activity by suppressing the phase 4 depolarization of the nodal fibers and shifted the pacemaker of the preparation to the His bundle. The findings provide a basis for predicting that under strong vagal influence, the automaticity of the AV node will be suppressed and the pacemaker of the junctional rhythm will be located at the His bundle. PMID- 7119633 TI - The body surface isopotential mapping of the QRS wave in myocardial infarction. a comparative study of the scintigram with thallium-201. AB - When body surface isopotential mapping (MAP) is used in clinical cases of myocardial infarction, it is necessary to determine the location of the infarcted area. The present authors presumed that the positive area of MAP in normal subjects, which was altered to a negative area of MAP in myocardial infarction, was the infarcted area. In order to confirm the presumed location of the infarcted area, the location of the infarcted area on MAP and the location of infarction presumed by the scintigram with thallium-201 (SCG) were compared. MAP was divided into ten regions and a comparison between the presence or absence of an infarcted area in each segment on the MAP and of abnormal findings in each segment of the SCG was made. Consequently, the highest percentage of agreement in each region of the segment in SCG was picked up, and each region on MAP which corresponded to the segment in SCG was determined. Thereafter, each segment of MAP was matched with a wall of the ventricle: region 1--the septum; region 2--the apex; region 3--the anterior wall; region 4--the posterior portion of the apex; the upper portion of region 5--the lateral wall; region 6, 8 and 10--the inferior wall; and region 7--the posterior wall. In this way, the classification of myocardial infarction was carried out in 51 cases. PMID- 7119634 TI - A noninvasive method for locating a cardiac dipolar source in humans. AB - A noninvasive method for locating isolated areas of cardiac electrical activity, such as an ectopic focus, is introduced and evaluated. Surface electric potentials due to the source are recorded at 20-25 points on the chest. Each chest is measured and its configuration is approximated by a grid of 126 points. A computer program utilizes these data to calculate the x, y, z coordinates of the cardiac source, and this calculated location is displayed on the bi-plane chest x-rays of the patient. Errors that may occur in other methods that utilize average torso shape and average heart position are eliminated in the proposed method. The method was evaluated by using it for locating the electrodes of implanted pacemakers from their "spikes" in the ECG's, and also from the potentials at the onset of the induced QRS complexes. The results were compared with bi-plane x-rays of the same patients. It was found that the average errors in locating the electrodes from their "spikes" in the ECG's were 1.3 cm in the frontal view and 1.4 cm in the lateral view. The errors in locating the paced myocardial area at the beginning of the QRS complex were similar. The errors in the lateral view are systematic and may be attributed to the effects of the intracavity blood volume (Brody's effect), which are neglected in this method. PMID- 7119635 TI - Polarcardiographic study of inferior myocardial infarction: global projection of heart vector. AB - The sensitivity of electrocardiographic, vectorcardiographic and polarcardiographic criteria for inferior myocardial infarction was studied. ECG and Frank system VCG were recorded in 50 normal cases and 40 cases of inferior myocardial infarction, whose acute phase was documented by typical electrocardiographic and serum enzymatic changes. The records were made from one month to 16 years after acute attacks. Polarcardiograms were obtained by a specially-designed analogue computer from X, Y and Z signals of the VCG, and recorded at a paper speed of 1000 mm/sec by Mingograph. The polarcardiographic tracings were measured at every 5 msec after onset of the QRS wave, and plotted on the Aitoff's equal-area projection. In normal cases, the QRS vectors plotted on Aitoff's projection passed through the narrow area between 15 to 35 msec after the QRS onset. Electrocardioraphic diagnosis of myocardial infarction was correctly made in 22 cases (55%), and by VCG the sensitivity was improved to 32 cases (80%). Polarcardiographic diagnosis was made in 33 cases (82.5%). Global plots of heart vector on Aitoff's projection were a useful display to visualize the sequential changes of heart vector. In inferior myocardial infarction, the QRS vector passed through the more superior portion to normal, and the diagnosis was accurately made in 33 cases (82.5%). PMID- 7119637 TI - Comprehensive evaluation of electrocardiographic methods for detection of myocardial infarction. AB - In two groups of patients the detection of myocardial infarction (MI) by analysis of four different electrocardiographic methods was evaluated. The various methods included the conventional 12 lead ECG (CV-ECG), the 12 lead ECG derived from Frank XYZ lead system signals (D-ECG), the polarcardiogram (PCG) and the vectorcardiogram (VCG). An invasive group consisted of 137 patients who had undergone cardiac catheterization. An MI was defined as a regional wall motion abnormality in the distribution of a coronary artery with at least 70% diameter reduction. The noninvasive group consisted of 116 patients in whom independent clinical information was limited to noninvasive assessments. In this group, Telemed Computer Systems' interpretation of the conventional (TC-ECG) and derived (TD-ECG) electrocardiogram was also available for comparison. An MI was defined in this group as either a compatible history with documented cardiac enzyme elevations, a resting defect on thallium scan, or a regional wall motion abnormality in a resting, radionuclide isotope ventriculogram. In this study the other methods of ECG evaluation demonstrated no advantage over the electrocardiographer's reading of the conventional ECG. PMID- 7119636 TI - The meaning of bites on the vectorcardiogram: study in adriamycin cardiomyopathy. AB - We examined 106 VCGs of cancer patients receiving Adriamycin (ADM) to investigate the nature and meaning of bites. It is known that ADM causes patchy areas of myocardial degeneration and necrosis, the appearance of which is dose dependent. Thirty-eight cancer patients not yet receiving ADM were examined to provide controls. Patients were divided into six groups, according to total cumulative ADM dose received. The incidence of bites in the different groups was shown to be as follows: group 1 (controls, 38 patients) 13.1%; group 2 (1-100 mg/m2 of body surface ADM, 23 patients) 39.1%; group 3 (101-200 mg/m2, 33 patients) 42.2%; group 4 (201-300 mg/m2, 25 patients) 56%; group 5 (301-400 mg/m2, 15 patients) 66.6%; group 6 (greater than 400 mg/m2, 10 patients) 90%; groups 2-6 52.8%. These percentages show a trend which is highly correlated with the total cumulative dose of ADM (p=0.00005). The influence of age on the appearance of bites has been excluded by analyses of trends in patients below and over 50 years (p=0.08). In 80.35% of cases, bites appear on more than one plane and mostly close to the maximum vector (Vmax). We therefore think that these results favor the hypothesis that bites are the electrophysiologic expression of lesions, such as small fibrotic and necrotic areas, which interfere with the normal spread of the ventricular depolarization wavefront. PMID- 7119638 TI - Effects of atropine on the cardiac arrest induced by propranolol and digitoxin in dogs. AB - The present study examines the hypothesis that vagal activity can accelerate the onset of cardiac arrest produced by administering a beta-adrenergic blocking dose of propranolol to digitoxin-intoxicated dogs. In 11 experiments, intravenous injection of 0.75 mg/kg propranolol into digitoxin intoxicated dogs induced a sustained ventricular asystole (early-phase cardiac arrest). In six of these eleven experiments, intermittent pacing of the ventricles for as long as 150 min to maintain blood pressure after the onset of asystole, led to the resumption of spontaneous heart beats in only one dog. In five other experiments, injection of atropine (1 mg/kg) three min after the onset of early-phase cardiac arrest elicited sustained spontaneous junctional rhythms. In another four experiments the injection of atropine prior to or simultaneously with propranolol prevented the occurrence of asystole and caused the emergence of a junctional pacemaker. In eight experiments in which the cardiac arrest was reversed or prevented, injection of maintenance doses of atropine and propranolol caused eventual failure of the junctional pacemaker (late-phase cardiac arrest). This failure could not be prevented or reversed by atropine. The results suggest that early phase cardiac arrest is due to vagal suppression of cardiac pacemakers and therefore supports the above hypothesis. PMID- 7119639 TI - A simple method to determine the electrocardiographic frontal plane axis. PMID- 7119640 TI - On-line microcomputer system for analysis of precordial maps. AB - An inexpensive system was developed for automated on-line analysis of ST segment heights, Q, R, and S heights and areas under these peaks, using an LSI-11 microcomputer. System accuracy was evaluated using a computer graphics technique which enabled magnification and labelling of the computed peaks on 60 maps from 17 patients. To compare the computer with hand analysis, the sigma ST (.06 seconds from S nadir) for 20 maps was calculated by three blinded observers. Correct computer evaluation occurred in all but five of 2058 leads. The mean observer sigma ST was 3.2 millivolts (range 0.77-7.5 mv). Mean inter-observer SD was +/-0.21 mv. The mean computer sigma ST was 3.5 mv (range 0.82-9.3 mv). The spread between computer and observer was +/-0.45 mv. Discrepancies between computer and observer were due to cumulative imprecision in observer measurements. This system has proven to be a practical and economic solution to handling the large volume of data accumulated with serial precordial mapping. It is considerably more precise than conventional hand analysis. Additionally, the system's versatility makes it ideally suited to many clinical and research functions. PMID- 7119641 TI - Unusual capture phenomena during interaction of dissociated sinus and junctional rhythms: spontaneous expression of intranodal duality and gap phenomenon. AB - A ten year old boy presented with an irregular pulse which was caused by AV dissociation with capture beats and pauses. Electrophysiologic studies revealed interaction between sinus rhythm and junctional rhythm. Capture beats were of several types. Early captures blocked below the His bundle but reset the junctional pacemaker causing pauses. Earlier sinus beats conducted with marked atrio His delay. Measurement of intervals during spontaneous rhythm demonstrated a type I gap phenomenon due to dual AH pathways. This case illustrates the value of electrophysiologic studies in analysing complex arrhythmias. PMID- 7119643 TI - Effects of domperidone on the secretion of prolactin from rat anterior pituitary glands. AB - The effects of omperidone on prolactin secretion from the anterior pituitary glands of female rats were studied. A perifusion system and radioimmunoassay were used to study secretion; static incubations, and incorporation of [3H]leucine were used to measure biosynthesis. During perifusion, intact anterior lobes showed a constant rate of prolactin secretion for up to 5h (after a 90-min preincubation to stabilize the tissue). Incorporation studies revealed an increase in protein synthesis in perifused hemipituitary glands. When glands were treated with 10nM-domperidone , prolactin secretion began to decline after the first hour, reaching a maximum of 40-50% inhibition after a further 90 min. Growth hormone secretion showed no such decline. Inhibition of prolactin secretion continued for up to 2h after withdrawal of the drug. Treatment with 100nM-dopamine resuled in a more rapid inhibition of secretion, but the effect was reversed on withdrawal of the catecholamine. The prolactin content of perifused hemipituitary glands was measured after treatment with domperidone; the contents of control and treated glands did not differ, but were depleted compared with hemipituitary glands which had not been perifused. PMID- 7119642 TI - Effect of progesterone on the non-genomic response to oestrogen in the rat. AB - Different effects of oestrogen are mediated separately, by independent mechanisms of action. Accordingly, it has been shown that it is possible to dissociate these effects under various conditions which stimulate or inhibit responses selectively. The present study describes the action of progesterone on non genomic responses to oestrogen stimulation which, it has been suggested, are mediated by eosinophils. Oestrogen induced an increase in the number of eosinophils in the rat uterus, an increase in uterine wet weight and oedema of deep endometrial stroma (measured as decrease in cellular density). Progesterone induced a slight oedematous reaction in superficial endometrial stroma but did not induce uterine eosinophilia. Progesterone pretreatment of oestrogen-treated rats did not block oestrogen-induced uterine eosinophilia and oedema but induced an increase in the degranulation of uterine eosinophils. Therefore the number of eosinophils decreased without any change in the uterine oedema induced after 6h of oestrogen action. The results corroborate previously published evidence of a dissociation of the action of oestrogen in independent groups of responses. Progesterone, a known blocker of some oestrogenic responses, did not block the effects mediated by eosinophils at 6h after oestrogen administration; any change in these effects at later times can be explained by an earlier eosinophil degranulation under the action of progesterone. PMID- 7119644 TI - Interaction of beta-adrenergic agonists and antagonists with the stimulation of growth hormone release induced by clonidine or by morphine in the rat. AB - The beta-adrenergic agonist, isoprenaline, and antagonist, propranolol, had no effect on the delayed basal secretion of GH consistently observed in rats treated with the narco-analgesic gamma-hydroxybutyrate. Under the same experimental conditions, GH release was distinctly stimulated by infusion of the alpha adrenergic agonist, clonidine, and by morphine; both responses were dose dependent. The effects of beta-adrenergic agonists and antagonists on these GH responses were as follows: in rats pretreated with isoprenaline -the GH release induced by clonidine and morphine was abolished whereas it was enhanced in rats pretreated with propranolol. These data confirmed and extended previous reports from this laboratory on the inhibitory role of beta-adrenergic receptors on GH regulation. PMID- 7119645 TI - Thyroid function in adrenaline-induced changes in the intermediary metabolism of the chequered water-snake (Natrix piscator). AB - Injection of adrenaline in ten daily doses of 100 micrograms each into the chequered water-snake, Natrix piscator, stimulated glycogenolysis and lipid esterification in the liver and lipolysis in the adipose tissue of control snakes. In both thyroidectomized and control snakes plasma protein levels decreased significantly after hormone treatment, although there was no change in concentrations of muscle glycogen and plasma lactic acid. In thyroidectomized snakes, the hormone stimulated oxidation of the free fatty acids but had no significant effect on the synthesis of the triglycerides. It is suggested that in these snakes the presence of the thyroid hormones is a prerequisite for the response of most of the metabolic processes to adrenaline. PMID- 7119646 TI - Prolactin secretion and dopamine receptors of the MtTW15 transplantable pituitary tumour. PMID- 7119647 TI - Effect of oestradiol benzoate or luteinizing hormone on levels of progesterone in the pseudopregnant rat. AB - The present study was concerned with a possible involvement of LH in process of functional luteolysis in the pseudopregnant rat. Daily injections with 2 micrograms ovine LH during pseudopregnancy reduced peripheral and ovarian levels of progesterone in intact and hysterectomized rats and in hypophysectomized rats with a pituitary transplant under the kidney capsule. However, a daily dose of 10 micrograms LH did not alter the levels of progesterone. A short-lasting decrease in plasma progesterone occurred when endogenous levels of LH were temporarily raised in pseudopregnant rats by a single injection of LH releasing hormone (LH RH). Treatment with LH or LH-RH, however, did not shorten the duration of pseudopregnancy. Daily treatment of pseudopregnant rats with with 5 or 20 ng oestradiol benzoate, but not with 1000 ng, decreased plasma levels of progesterone. On the other hand, daily treatment with oestradiol benzoate did not affect plasma progesterone in pseudopregnant rats which were hypophysectomized and had an ectopic pituitary gland. Plasma levels of LH were not increased in the animals receiving 5 or 20 ng oestradiol benzoate daily, suggesting that the effect of oestradiol benzoate on plasma progesterone is not through an enhanced secretion of LH. Treatment with oestradiol benzoate did not affect the duration of pseudopregnancy. In conclusion, low doses of LH can reduce peripheral levels of progesterone during pseudopregnancy, but it seems improbable that LH is involved in the process of functional luteolysis. Furthermore, low doses of oestradiol benzoate can also decrease plasma progesterone, but the mechanisms involved are still not understood. PMID- 7119648 TI - Latency and duration of the effects of bromocriptine and prolactin on milk secretion in lactating rabbits. AB - Milk yields were measured at 8h intervals in rabbits during early (days 11-14) and late (days 31-34) lactation. A single injection of 1 mg bromocriptine given to rabbits 30 min before sucking on days 11 or 31 caused a significant reduction in milk yield after approximately 8h. The depressant effect of the drug was then maintained over the next 24-36h. Recover of milk yield occurred in bromocriptine treated rabbits during both early and late lactations 8-16h after a single injection of 3 mg prolactin. The recovery accelerated more in the rabbits in the early lactating group. Attainment of the maximal stimulatory effect occurred by 24h after prolactin injection during both early and late lactation although the improvement in milk yield lasted for a shorter period (8h compared with 24h) during late lactation compared with early lactation. These differences in response of the rabbit to prolactin during late lactation may contribute substantially to the declining milk yields characteristic of late lactation in this species. PMID- 7119649 TI - Evidence of a photoinducible phase for the release of luteinizing hormone in the domestic hen. PMID- 7119650 TI - Hybridization analysis of steady-state levels of uteroglobin mRNA in rabbit uterus and lung during early pregnancy. AB - Uteroglobin is a predominant protein in the rabbit uterus, where it is induced by progesterone, and occurs also in the lung, where its level is constitutive. A recombinant plasmid containing uteroglobin complementary DNA (cDNA) has been constructed previously from partially purified uteroglobin mRNA. In this study, the cloned uteroglobin cDNA has been used as a probe to determine the cellular content of uteroglobin mRNA at different times in early pregnancy in both rabbit uterus and lung. By RNA-excess hybridization to poly A-enriched RNA and to total nucleic acid extracts an increase in steady-state uteroglobin mRNA level was detected, from approximately 250 molecules/uterine epithelial cell in non pregnant rabbits to approximately 6800 molecules/cell on day 4 of pregnancy, after which the levels declined progressively up to day 8. The pulmonary level of uteroglobin mRNA was about 400 molecules/cell and did not change significantly with day of pregnancy. The major factor in regulating the production of uteroglobin in the uterus of pregnant rabbits is the accumulation and subsequent depletion of its mRNA. PMID- 7119651 TI - Binding of androgens in 5 alpha-reductase-deficient human genital skin fibroblasts: inhibition by progesterone and its metabolites. AB - Binding of [3H]testosterone and 5alpha-dihydro[3H]testosterone ([3H]DHT) to specific androgen-receptor sites of 5alpha-reductase-deficient human genital skin fribroblasts (five cell-lines) was studied in the intact cultured cells at 37 degrees C. Under the conditions of the experiments, conversion of [3H]testosterone into [3H]DHT was negligible. Both steroids bound to the same set of high-affinity saturable sites in cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of the cells. Unlabelled testosterone DHT and methyltrienolone competed effectively with the labelled steroids. Progesterone and oestradiol were weaker competitors; cortisol did not compete. The dissociation constant (Kd) for high-affinity complexes with [3H]testosterone (0.44 +/- 0.035 nmol/l) was higher than that for [3H]DHT complexes (0.20 +/- 0.090 nmol/l). Unlabelled DHT was more effective than unlabelled testosterone in competing with either radioactive steroid. Complexes of [3H]DHT and receptor dissociated more slowly than [3H]testosterone-receptor complexes and [3H]DHT bound more extensively to low-affinity non-saturable sites in fibroblasts. As judged by competition with the radioactive androgens, progesterone bound to the androgen receptor with a Kd of about 7 nmol/l. 5alpha Pregnane-3-20-dione had an approximately fivefold lower affinity than progesterone for androgen receptors; 3alpha/beta- or 20alpha-reduction lowered its affinity further. It is suggested that in 5alpha-reductase deficiency in man progesterone in amniotic fluid and blood could effectively inhibit testosterone binding to androgen receptors in the male embryonic external genitalia. One function of the high levels of 5alpha-reductase activity normally found in embryonic external genitalia and urogenital sinus may be to protect these tissues from the potentially antiandrogenic action of progesterone. PMID- 7119652 TI - A randomised controlled trial of anti-smoking advice: 10-year results. AB - Ten-year results are reported from a randomised controlled trial of anti-smoking advice in 1445 male smokers, aged 40-59, at high risk of cardiorespiratory disease. After one year reported cigarette consumption in the intervention group (714 men) was one-quarter that of the "normal care" group (731 men); over 10 years the net reported reduction averaged 53%. The intervention group experienced less nasal obstruction, cough, dyspnoea, and loss of ventilatory function. Over 10 years their mortality from coronary heart disease was 18% lower than controls (49 and 62 deaths), and that for lung cancer was 23% lower (18 and 24 deaths). Deaths from non-lung cancers were higher in the intervention group (28 v 12 deaths). This unexpected difference was due about equally to an excess in intervention and a deficiency in normal care men, it showed no site specificity, and it was unrelated to change in smoking habit. These findings suggest that it is more likely to have been due to change than to intervention. The total number of deaths were 123 in the intervention group and 128 in normal care (95% confidence limits of difference -22% to +23%). The policy of encouraging smokers to give up the habit should not be changed. PMID- 7119653 TI - Are smokers' self-reports of inhalation a useful measure of smoke exposure. AB - The relation between self-assessed and objective measures of inhalation was studied in 75 smokers who assigned themselves to one of four inhalation categories, and also estimated inhalation using a rating scale. The analysis of presmoking carbon monoxide concentration in expired air, and of the rise in carbon monoxide concentration over smoking, provided an objective measure of inhalation. These was a weak but significant correlation between self-rated inhalation and rise in carbon monoxide, but no correlation with the longer-term exposure measured by presmoking levels of carbon monoxide. Differences in exposure to carbon monoxide according to self-assessed inhalation category were non-significant. It is concluded that neither subjective measure of inhalation contributes usefully to the estimation of smoke exposure among smokers who inhale. PMID- 7119655 TI - Improving the identification rate of pulmonary tuberculosis among inmates of common lodging houses. PMID- 7119654 TI - Cigarettes, lung cancer, and coronary heart disease: the effects of inhalation and tar yield. AB - Ten-year mortality rates for lung cancer and coronary heart disease have been related to cigarette smoking habits in 17 475 male civil servants aged 40-64 and in sample of 8089 male British residents aged 35-69. Both diseases were more frequent in smokers. Lung cancer rates were higher overall for "non-inhalers", particularly in heavy smokers. Tar yield correlated with the risk of lung cancer in non-inhalers but less so in inhalers. Conversely, coronary deaths were more common among inhalers, and the effect of tar/nicotine yield (such as it was) was confined to inhalers. It appears that there are subtle interactions between the amount smoked, the tar/nicotine yield of the cigarette, and the style of smoking. Thus the effects of a change in cigarette characteristics are hard to predict, and they may be different for respiratory and cardiovascular disease. PMID- 7119656 TI - Relationship of sociodemographic factors to blood lead concentrations in New Haven children. AB - From September 1974 to 28th February 1977 80% of the children in New Haven, Connecticut, aged from 1 month to 72 months were screened for blood lead concentrations. This report examines the relationship of several socioeconomic factors to blood lead concentrations. In addition, a set of hypotheses regarding the effect of environmental and social factors on blood level concentrations in racially defined groups was tested. Characteristics associated with increased blood lead concentrations were found to be those that tend to impair the ability of a family to provide the necessary care and supervision for the young child. The risk factors, however, produce different effects on the various race groups. The analyses support the belief that the elimination of childhood lead poisoning as a public health problem will require recognition of social-demographic and family operational factors that underlie the interactions of childhood behaviour and environmental lead potentially available to children. PMID- 7119658 TI - Death certification by British doctors: a demographic analysis. AB - Regional differences in mortality from cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, strokes, and other causes have been observed in England and Wales. To determine to what extent the death certification practices of doctors influence these variations, we surveyed 123 British general practitioners and housemen. Each doctor completed death certificates based on fictitious case histories. We found that diagnostic groupings did not vary significantly according to the doctors' region, type of practice, place of medical training, sex, or year of qualification. Doctors qualifying before 1955, however, appeared more inclined than their younger colleagues to list stomach cancer on the death certificate. PMID- 7119657 TI - Motor vehicle accidents (1973-6) in a cohort of Montreal drivers. AB - In 1973-4 nearly 10 000 Montreal drivers, interviewed by telephone, provided information about medical and associated factors and about driving habits, in particular annual mileage. Records of accidents suffered by these drivers in the Province of Quebec over 39 months (1973-6) were also collected. The 7634 current drivers, with appropriate permits, and all of whose data passed reliability edits, were placed into nine sets-that is, three classes: women; men with the usual permit; and men with a chauffeur's permit to drive taxis, heavy vehicles, etc; further subdivided into three age groups. Accident rates depended on mileage, but after allowance for differences in mileage, accident rates still varied with sex, type of permit, and age. No association of the risk of accidents and a medical or related factor was consistent over all nine sets of drivers. Of the 7634 drivers, 347 had had at least one accident causing injury or death in the 39 months from 1 January 1973. These "cases" were compared with 347 "referents," closely matched for sex, type of permit, age, and reported mileage, but without accident causing injury or death. Cases included higher proportion who worked irregular shifts, who were overweight, and who reported smoking while driving. Relative to the chance of a referent suffering any accident in the 39 month period, a case had at least double the risk of having an accident in addition to the index accident. PMID- 7119659 TI - Disease concordance and sex similarity in twins: application of a multifactorial model with latent structure. PMID- 7119660 TI - Selection and mortality differentials. AB - The Office of Population Censuses and Surveys Longitudinal Study provides reliable mortality data by a much wider range of characteristics than are available for other national sources. Although it is based on only a 1% sample of the population, it broadens the scope of mortality analysis and permits study of changes in relationships using different aspects of the time dimension. Data from this study have made us increasingly aware of the importance of selection to the interpretation and understanding of observed mortality differentials. Here we focus on that aspect of selection called "health-related mobility," which is associated with the relative health of people acquiring or losing individual characteristics. It is suggested that, for characteristics affected by health related mobility, mortality differentials would narrow or widen with increased duration of follow-up. One of the basis of this argument the contribution of health-related mobility to mortality differentials by economic position and social class, to regional differentials, and to family and household differentials is investigated. Selection can thus be shown to operate when people change economic position, when they migrate, or when they change marital status. While the effects of these selection processes can be shown to contribute to social class gradients they do not explain regional differentials and contribute only to a limited degree to differentials by marital status. Differentials by household circumstances also reflect the product of selection processes. PMID- 7119661 TI - Delayed effects of A-bomb radiation: a review of recent mortality rates and risk estimates for five-year survivors. AB - A review of published data relating to A-bomb survivors has led to the conclusion that since they were based on the mortality experiences of five year survivors estimates of radiation effects should have been controlled for two opposing forces-namely, selective survival of exceptionally fit individuals during the period of heavy acute mortality and residual disabilities. Both effects were dose related and beyond question, and the disabilities probably included the effects of incomplete repair of bone marrow damage. Therefore, in addition to differences between high and low dose being largely obliterated, there was probably distortion of cancer effects. The two opposing forces are clearly the reason why the change from the high mortality rates of 1945-6 to the low rates of the 1950s was not accompanied by a change from a position to a negative association with dose, and imperviousness to the residual disabilities is probably the reason why sudden deaths of previously healthy individuals (exemplified by suicides) were an exception to this rule. Finally, impairment of bone marrow function probably accounts for the early epidemic of myeloid leukaemia; the apparent absence of other cancers at this time, and the relatively high dose-related death rates for blood diseases other than leukaemia. PMID- 7119662 TI - Prenatal factors in the aetiology of testicular cancer: an epidemiological study of childhood testicular cancer deaths in Great Britain, 1953-73. AB - A case-control study is reported based on 87 deaths from testicular cancer that occurred in children in Great Britain 1953-73. Factors that significantly increased relative risk were tuberculosis of the mother during the index pregnancy and maternal epilepsy; factors that increased risk but not significantly were hyperemesis in the index pregnancy, a maternal history of stillbirths, and hernia and genitourinary defects in the child. Cryptorchidism was not studied. The available evidence suggests that prenatal determinants of testicular cancer in adults are also determinants of testicular cancer in childhood. The incidence and mortality from this disease are not increasing among children in Britain and other countries, whereas there is an increasing trend in young adults in several developed countries. Probably, therefore, the secular increase in the rates of young adult testicular cancer is due to factors that affect adults but not children, the hence are likely to be postnatal. PMID- 7119663 TI - Normal anterior pattern formation after barrier placement in the chick leg: further evidence on the action of polarizing zone. AB - Impermeable barriers were inserted into the stage-20 to -21 leg bud to test whether or not such an interruption of diffusion of the proposed morphogen from the polarizing zone would result in failure of leg elements to develop anterior to the barrier. Tantalum foil was placed at somite levels 30/31 or mid-31 through the dorsoventral extent of the leg bud separating anterior from posterior mesoderm and ectodermal ridge. In the resulting legs, structures developed anterior to the level of the barrier. For example, legs with foil at the 30-/31 somite level developed digits 1 and 2. We conclude that either the barrier is not an effective block of diffusion of polarizing zone morphogen or that the influence of the polarizing zone is not required for determination of leg structures at these stages. PMID- 7119665 TI - Importance of trophoblast genotype for survival of interspecific murine chimaeras. AB - Interspecific chimaeras between Mus musculus and Mus caroli were made by injection of M. musculus inner cell masses (ICMs) into M. caroli blastocysts, and by aggregation of 8-cell embryos. Both types of chimaera were transferred to M. musculus recipients: the former did not survive to term, but viable chimaeras were produced following embryo aggregation. Previous experiments have shown that chimaeras produced by injection of M. caroli ICMs into M. musculus blastocysts are viable, whereas M. caroli blastocysts cannot survive in the M. musculus uterus. There results indicate that the presence of trophoblast cells of maternal uterine genotype allows M. caroli in equilibrium M. musculus chimaeras to survive in the M. musculus uterus. It is suggested that M. musculus trophoblast components may protect the M. caroli embryonic cells from maternal immune rejection. PMID- 7119666 TI - Neural tube development in mutant (curly tail) and normal mouse embryos: the timing of posterior neuropore closure in vivo and in vitro. AB - A dye-injection technique has been used to determine the developmental stage at which posterior neuropore (PNP) closure occurs in normal and mutant curly tail mouse embryos. In vivo, the majority of non-mutant embryos undergo PNP closure between 30 and 34 somites whereas approximately 50% of all mutant embryos show delayed closure, and around 20% maintain an open PNP even at advanced stages of development. A similar result has been found for embryos developing in vitro from the headfold stage. Later in development, 50--60% of mutant embryos in vivo develop tail flexion defects, and 15--20% lumbosacral myeloschisis. This supports the view that delayed PNP closure is the main developmental lesion leading to the appearance of caudal neural tube defects in curly tail mice. The neural tube is closed in the region of tail flexion defects, but it is locally over-expanded and abnormal in position. The significance of these observations is discussed in relation to possible mechanisms of development of lumbosacral and caudal neural tube defects. This paper constitutes the first demonstration of the development of a genetically induced malformation in vitro. PMID- 7119664 TI - The phenotypic expression of a t6/t6/t6 genotype. AB - In vivo, embryos which are homozygous for the t6 mutation die during egg cylinder development (gestation days 5.5--6.5). In vitro, these mutant embryos can be distinguished from their wild-type littermates by their developmental arrest and by the failure of their trophoblast cells to transform to giant cells. We have investigated the nature of this lethality by constructing triploid embryos with varying combinations of the t6 mutant chromosome. The phenotypes of outgrowths from these triploid embryos were examined and compared with the phenotypes of outgrowths from +/+, +/t6, and t6/t6 embryos. The data show 1) that +/t6/t6 embryos are phenotypically wild-type, while t6/t6/t6 embryos are phenotypically mutant and 2) that t6/t6/t6 and t6/t6 embryos are developmentally arrested at the same stage of outgrowth. PMID- 7119668 TI - The development of monosomy 19 mouse embryos. AB - In general, autosomal monosomy is lethal much earlier in mammalian development than autosomal trisomy. In an attempt to understand why monosomy is so deleterious, we have begun to characterize the development of mouse embryos monosomic for chromosome 19. A dramatic loss of monosomy 19 embryos was found to occur between days 3 and 4 of development. This loss occurred both in vivo and in vitro and with intact blastocysts or isolated inner cell masses. Experiments with inbred strains showed that this loss was not due to the expression of recessive lethal genes. While monosomic embryos were found to have fewer cells than normal and trisomic litter-mates beginning at the early morula stage, the ability to form blastocysts is not interfered with. Electron microscopy revealed no difference in the cellular ultrastructure of monosomic when compared with diploid embryos. Furthermore, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis did not reveal any differences in the proteins synthesized by monosomic, trisomic or diploid litter mates when examined at day 3 of development. These results indicate a lack of gross genomic disturbances in monosomic embryos. When monosomy in equilibrium diploid chimaeras were made, viable monosomic cells were found in day-9 post implantation embryos, well past the lethal period. Thus, in chimaeric embryos, the normal cells appear to be able to provide whatever is lacking, suggesting that monosomy 19 is not a cell lethal. Instead, death may be due to a dosage alteration in specific gene products needed during early development. PMID- 7119667 TI - Neurotrophic control of events in injured forelimbs of larval urodeles. AB - Denervated forelimbs and contralateral innervated forelimbs of Ambystoma larvae were injured internally distal to the elbow by compression with watchmaker's forceps. Innervated controls completely repaired the crush injury within one week; denervated limbs failed to repair the injury and exhibited varying degrees of limb regression. Histological examination revealed that the process of tissue dedifferentiation initiated by injury was more extensive in denervated, regressing limbs than in controls. In innervated limbs, both the DNA labeling index and the mitotic index peaked approximately 4--6 days after the injury and returned to baseline levels by 10 days. In denervated limbs, the DNA labelling index also increased and remained at an elevated level for at least 2 weeks after the injury, but significant mitotic activity was not observed. The data indicate that intact nerves are not needed for cellular dedifferentiation, cell cycle re entry, and DNA synthesis in injured limbs, but are required for the cells to proliferate and repair the injury. These results are discussed together with those of similar experiments on the role of nerve during the initiation of epimorphic regeneration in amputated limbs. PMID- 7119669 TI - A scanning electron microscope study of the development of a peripheral sensory neurite network. AB - The formation of the sensory neurite plexus on the basal lamina of trunk skin in Xenopus embryos has been examined using the scanning electron microscope. It is formed by Rohon-Beard and extramedullary neurons which provide the first sensory innervation of the skin. By observing the distribution of growth cones on the inside surface of the skin of embryos at different ages, the development of the plexus has been followed and related to the development of sensitivity to sensory stimulation. The general features of the plexus are illustrated using a photomontage taken at x 1100. Measurements on neurites from this, and of growth cone orientations demonstrate a general ventral growth pattern with some small regional variations. Interactions of neurites within the plexus are examined. Neurites meeting at shallow angles tend to fasciculate, while those meeting at close to 90 degrees tend to cross each other. Angles of incidence and separation of neurites show few angles less than 30 degrees, which suggests that active adjustments occur after a growth cone meets or leaves another neurite. The observations allow comparison of behaviour of growing neurites in vivo and in vitro. Our evidence suggests that adhesion between growth cones and neurites is stronger than that between growth cones and the basal lamina of the skin. PMID- 7119670 TI - Surface changes in the embryonic interdigital epithelium during the formation of the free digits: a comparative study in the chick and duck foot. AB - The formation of the free digits of the chick is accompanied by conspicuous surface changes of the interdigital ectoderm. These changes were much less pronounced or absent in the duck. As early as the interdigital grooves were detected in the chick, the morphological features of the ectodermal cells changed from a polygonal shape and flattened appearance to a rounded shape and bulging appearance. These changes were not present in the webbed foot of the duck. On the other hand the development of the interdigital commissures was accompanied by the formation of ectodermal ridges consisting of an accumulation of rounded cells which were in some cases in course of detachment to the amniotic cavity. These ridges were very prominent in all the interdigital commissures of the chick. In the duck they were less pronounced and were only present in the first and third commissure. From these results it is suggested that in addition to the well-known interdigital mesenchymal necrotic process (INZ) the ectodermal tissue of the interdigits might also be actively involved in the formation of free digits. PMID- 7119671 TI - An autoradiographic analysis of tissue potency in different regions of the embryonic ectoderm during gastrulation in the mouse. AB - In vitro chimaeras have been produced by injecting [3H]thymidine-labelled 8th day embryonic ectoderm, derived from the anterior, distal or posterior regions of the egg cylinder, into unlabelled synchronous embryos. Injected embryos were cultured for 36 h and the distribution of donor cells was analysed autoradiographically. One series of orthotopic injections was carried out and the results indicate that the developmental fate of embryonic ectoderm in the posterior part of the embryo is to form mesoderm, both embryonic and extraembryonic. Heterotopic injections of distal and posterior embryonic ectoderm demonstrate that these tissues readily conform to the colonisation patterns characteristic of their new location. In contrast, anterior embryonic ectoderm showed some preference for definitive ectoderm differentiation following heterotopic transplantation. However, there was no evidence that the normal fate of tissue from the three regions studied could be explained by pre-existing mosaicism in the embryonic ectoderm. PMID- 7119672 TI - Induction of bone by epithelial cell products. AB - The bones of the head and face of vertebrate embryos only form after their progenitor cells have undergone an inductive interaction with embryonic epithelia. We have investigated whether epithelial cell products can substitute for epithelia in allowing mandibular ectomesenchyme to form bone. Mandibular epithelia from embryonic chicks were cultured on Millipore filters for 28 days to allow them to deposit an extracellular matrix, shown by electron microscopy to be a basal lamina-like material. Mandibular ectomesenchymal cells formed bone when placed on to these epithelial extracellular products and grafted to chorioallantoic membranes of host embryos. Treatment of epithelial cultures with trypsin or L-azetidine-carboxylic acid removed both the extracellular products and their ability to induce bone formation. Hyaluronidase treatment did neither. We concluded that a proteinaceous component of epithelial basal lamina provides a sufficient inductive stimulus to initiate differentiation of bone within mandibular ectomesenchyme. PMID- 7119674 TI - Control of pattern formation in urodele limb ontogeny: a review and a hypothesis. AB - From a review of the literature, the hypothesis is advanced that the forelimb region of the urodele embryo acquires its transverse axial polarity and pattern by the action of posterior and dorsal polarizing regions. The anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral axes are determined simultaneously and their determination is a prerequisite for proximal-distal outgrowth. Outgrowth of the limb bud is accompanied by the generation, between proximal and distal boundaries, of a set of positional values specifying proximal-distal axial polarity and pattern. The proximal boundary is the initial positional value carried by the cells of the limb area. The distal boundary is imposed upon the outermost layer of limb disc cells by the overlying ectoderm. PMID- 7119673 TI - Cell migration from the chick olfactory placode: a light and electron microscopic study. AB - The differentiation of the olfactory placode in the chick has been studied using light and electron microscopy. Special attention was paid to the appearance of neuronal cells within the placodal ectodermal thickening, the migration of cells out of this tissue and the appearance of the first fila olfactoria in the differentiating olfactory mucosa. Between the third and fifth day of incubation a large number of cells is observed leaving the base of the invaginating olfactory placode, often in contact with thin axon bundles. These cells are characterized by a well-developed Golgi apparatus, a considerable number of mitochondria and dense-core vesicles. The morphology of these migrating cells resembles that of cells observed near the basement membrane within the developing olfactory epithelium and is clearly different from the mesenchymal cells which are filled with polyribosomes. At the sixth day of incubation thick axon bundles can be observed within the epithelium and the underlying lamina propria. The possible fate of the migrated epitheloid cells is discussed. PMID- 7119675 TI - Regulation of the pattern of basal bodies within the oral apparatus of Tetrahymena thermophila. AB - The number and arrangement of basal bodies included in the four compound ciliary organelles making up the mature oral apparatus of Tetrahymena thermophila ordinarily vary only slightly. Severe starvation brings about formation of oral structures with a reduced number of basal bodies within these organelles, and sometimes with a complete loss of one of the component organelles. Such reductions are stringently specified in spatial terms, but they do not represent simple and proportional shrinkage of the organelle complex. Instead, certain spatial features remain essentially unaltered, while others undergo major quantitative reductions, resulting in large changes in the internal proportions of the structures. This selective regulation can be explained in terms of the different parallel and sequential processes taking place during the development of this organelle complex. There is also no strict proportionality between the size of the oral apparatus and that of the cell; instead, oral apparatuses become relatively larger as cells become smaller. This is due in part to the inherent temporal discontinuity of oral development, but there is probably also a real change in the oral/body size relation at the time of oral development. The 'French flag' rule fails when applied to the relative sizes and internal proportions of organelle systems in this and in other ciliates. PMID- 7119676 TI - Is it lateralization, processing strategies, or both that distinguishes good and poor readers? PMID- 7119677 TI - Tactile spatial ability: lateralized performance of deaf and hearing age groups. PMID- 7119678 TI - Differential effectiveness of explicit verbal feedback on children's communication skills. PMID- 7119679 TI - A comparison of reaction time and drawing measures of mental rotation. PMID- 7119680 TI - Attention as a predictor of learning in infants. PMID- 7119681 TI - Barrier effects in the cognitive maps of children and adults. PMID- 7119682 TI - Phonological coding in good and poor readers. PMID- 7119683 TI - Loss of fibronectin plasma of patients with shock and septicaemia and after haemoperfusion in patients with severe poisoning. Fibronectin concentrations in plasma in human diseases. II. PMID- 7119684 TI - The measurement of erythrocyte ammonia using the Hyland Ammonia kit. AB - We modified the Hyland Ammonia kit for plasma to measure blood ammonia from which the erythrocyte ammonia is calculated. Our modified method gave good recoveries and its precision based on replicate assays was excellent (CV less than 3.0%). The within-day and day-to-day precision was determined from pooled blood and aqueous ammonia solution respectively. The precision calculated from duplicate results was not as good but agreed with other published values. A critical examination of Hyland's method showed the efficiency of resin adsorption to be 78%, and that the resin caused a 16% reduction in the Berthelot reaction, while 4 mol/l NaCl increased the reaction by about 11%. Blood specimens for ammonia can be frozen but specimen instability occurred during the thawing process. Measurement of ammonia directly on frozen specimens overcomes this problem. The reference range for erythrocyte ammonia was 14.5-46.1 (mean 30.1, SD 7.9) mumol/l. PMID- 7119685 TI - A modified kit method and a miniphotometer used for the rapid determination of total bilirubin in neonatal sera. AB - The results of the determination of total bilirubin in neonatal sera using the Compur kit and miniphotometer are reported. The kit method was modified somewhat by halving the volume of serum. This smaller volume (10 microliters) minimizes the interference of haemoglobin and turbidity. In a study of 68 neonatal sera, the method correlated excellently with the assay according to Hertz et al. ((1974) Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 33,215-230) and precision was better than 3.5%. The method described is rapid and reliable and ideally-suited for emergency requests for monitoring neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia. PMID- 7119687 TI - Management of cleft palate. PMID- 7119686 TI - The practice denominator. PMID- 7119689 TI - Varicella and breast feeding. PMID- 7119688 TI - Depression with amebiasis and giardiasis. PMID- 7119691 TI - Publication characteristics of family practice faculty nominated for academic promotion. AB - A survey of family practice department chairmen identified 74 faculty who were nominated for promotion during the 1980-81 academic year; 72 percent had medical degrees, 18 percent had academic doctorates, and 11 percent held other degrees. In each professorial rank those promoted had twice as many publications as those not promoted. Successful and unsuccessful candidates also differed noticeably in the median number of journal publications per year spent on the tenure track. These norms are descriptive, not prescriptive. As the discipline develops academically, promotion characteristics are likely to change. PMID- 7119690 TI - Factors related to an effective referral and consultation process. AB - A study of 141 consecutive referrals from family physicians in four clinic sites was undertaken to obtain descriptive characteristics of the referral-consultation process and to identify factors associated with effective outcomes. Consultation reports were returned to referring physicians in 88 percent, 75 percent, and 43 percent of referrals from consultants in community practice, university faculty practice, and university outpatient clinics, respectively. The quality of the consultation reports, as determined by the referring physician's opinion, increased directly with the amount of referral information originally sent to the consultant. The referral-consultation process appears to be functioning well in this site. The data suggest that this process might function even better if referring physicians would personally contact and send letters to consultants. PMID- 7119692 TI - Characteristics of the residency interview process preferred by medical student applicants. AB - This study elucidates the characteristics of the interview day preferred by medical students applying to family practice residencies. Interviews and informal meetings with residents were regarded as being the most helpful, followed by interviews with the director or faculty. Perceptions of other components of the interview day are also described. October was the month most students preferred, and two interviews each lasting 20 to 30 minutes were considered ideal. Group interviews were regarded negatively. The results of this survey are generalizable to other residency programs and could be helpful in planning the interview day. PMID- 7119694 TI - Clinical implications of the national study of the content of family practice. PMID- 7119693 TI - The content of family practice: a landmark national study. PMID- 7119695 TI - Educational implications of the national study of the content of family practice. PMID- 7119696 TI - Research implications of the national study of the content of family practice. PMID- 7119697 TI - Policy implications of the national study of the content of family practice. PMID- 7119698 TI - Outcomes of flexible sigmoidoscopy in a family practice residency. PMID- 7119700 TI - Physicians' knowledge of automobile safety seats. PMID- 7119699 TI - Screening one-year-old infants for iron deficiency. PMID- 7119701 TI - Inpatient documentation for family practice residents. PMID- 7119702 TI - Selection and recruitment of medical students for family practice. PMID- 7119704 TI - Timing of X-chromosome inactivation is stage dependent rather than age dependent. PMID- 7119703 TI - The biopsychosocial model: whose legacy? PMID- 7119705 TI - Bovine serum albumin, sperm motility, and the "dilution effect'. AB - Epididymal spermatozoa from rabbit and ram were washed either once or twice using an efficient washing procedure and were then diluted in various media to a final concentration of approximately 1.4 x 10(7) cells/ml and incubated at 30 degrees C for up to 12 hours. Bovine serum albumin (BSA), either untreated or defatted, was found to be better than polyvinylpyrrolidone, ovalbumin, or alpha-lactalbumin, both at stimulating and maintaining motility levels and at reducing the tendency of the washed spermatozoa to stick to glass. BSA was effective in all media tested, being independent of Ca2+, PO4(3-), HCO3-, and ionic strength). BSA has a reversible stimulatory effect on motility. If BSA was added to sperm suspensions 3 1/2 hours after they had been washed and diluted in protein-free medium, motility was stimulated to levels not significantly lower than those observed in samples that had been washed and diluted in the presence of BSA. However, samples washed into BSA and then washed free of it behaved essentially as though they had never been in contact with protein. The motility, survival, and response to BSA of twice-washed spermatozoa were the same as those of once-washed spermatozoa, showing that epididymal plasma factors are not required for survival in vitro. It was concluded that dilution is not essentially detrimental to rabbit and ram spermatozoa. However, severe dilution of semen may result in levels of male reproductive tract fluids insufficient either to stimulate motility or to prevent sticking of motile cells to container surfaces. Few motile spermatozoa are recovered from samples of such diluted semen. PMID- 7119706 TI - Infertility in bitches induced by active immunization with porcine zonae pellucidae. AB - In a study designed to evaluate the contraceptive potential of anti-egg zona pellucida immunization, bitches were injected with isolated and solubilized zonae pellucidae of either the pig or the dog in saline and Freund's adjuvant or with saline and adjuvant alone (controls). They were boosted monthly, and serum samples were collected before the first injection and 10 days after each injection. The titers of anti-zona pellucida antibodies in each serum sample were measured by treating fresh canine oocytes with the serum, then evaluating antibody binding as indicated by indirect immunofluorescence, precipitation of the zona surface, and penetrability of the zonae by spermatozoa in vitro. The bitches were bred when they came into estrus. All three bitches immunized with porcine zonae developed high titers (1:10,000 or more by indirect immunofluorescence) of antibodies that cross-reacted with canine zonae to cause precipitation of the zona surface both in vivo and in vitro and that completely inhibited penetration of the zonae by spermatozoa in vitro. The two bitches immunized with canine zonae developed only low titers, and their sera had little or no effect on treated zonae. The two control bitches did not develop anti-zona antibody. None of the bitches immunized against porcine zonae became pregnant when bred, but one bitch immunized against canine zonae and one control did become pregnant. The bitches immunized with porcine zonae had somewhat abnormal cycles for unknown reasons. Thus, we could not establish with certainty whether the infertility resulted from specific interference with fertilization, as in vitro, or from alterations in ovarian function, or both. PMID- 7119707 TI - Laser detection of latent fingerprints: ninhydrin followed by zinc chloride. PMID- 7119708 TI - High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of heroin by reverse phase ion pair chromatography. PMID- 7119709 TI - Identification of the major impurities in the illicit manufacture of tryptamines and related compounds. PMID- 7119710 TI - Isopropanol and isopropanol deaths-ten years' experience. AB - A population of persons who were found, at death, to have significant levels of isopropyl alcohol (isopropanol) in their blood is described. The role of isopropanol in causing death is reviewed in 57 fatal cases. The contribution of acetone, the major metabolite of isopropanol, to death is assessed. Results indicate that mixed alcohol poisoning with ethanol and isopropanol suggests decreased production of acetone. Modalities for antemortem and postmortem detection of isopropanol are presented. PMID- 7119711 TI - Evaluation of ethanol concentrations in decomposed bodies. PMID- 7119713 TI - The threaded bolt injury pattern. PMID- 7119712 TI - Keyhole lesions in gunshot wounds of the skull and direction of fire. PMID- 7119714 TI - The absorption of mercuric ion into single human head hairs. AB - The concentration patterns of radioactive Hg++, Cu++, and I- in individual hair shafts, after soaking in aqueous solutions of these tracers, were measured nondestructively to permit repeated experiments on a given shaft. The mercury concentrations generally increased from the root end to the distal end of a given shaft less steeply than those of copper, while iodide concentrations generally decreased. Concentration peaks and other pattern features for mercury were also relatively less intense, but there was some correlation of the position of such areas of increased mercury, copper, and iodine adsorption in a given shaft. At equilibrium after more than 100 h of soaking, the amount of mercury taken up at pH 8 by the hair was three to four times that at pH 3. The rate of absorption of mercury was higher at low pH values, and that of desorption higher at high pH values. The relative intensity of pattern features remained constant during absorption or desorption at a given pH, but changed if the pH was changed. These data are discussed in terms of the chemistry of the hair binding sites for cations and anions. PMID- 7119715 TI - Determination of d-methamphetamine in urine after administration of d- or dl methamphetamine to rats by radioimmunoassay using optically sensitive antiserum. AB - A radioimmunoassay was developed for the determination of d-methamphetamine in urine. Antiserum to d-methamphetamine was prepared in rabbits by immunization with d-N-4-aminobutylmethamphetamine conjugated with bovine serum albumin. d-1 [3H]-Methamphetamine was used as a labeled compound for radioimmunoassay. The specificity of the antibody against d-methamphetamine was determined by cross reaction studies with optical isomers of methamphetamine and its analogs. The antibody was specific for d-methamphetamine and exhibited no significant cross reaction with the l-isomers. This stereoselective assay was applied to determination of d-methamphetamine excreted in urine after oral administration of d- or dl-methamphetamine to rats. PMID- 7119716 TI - Leasing analytical instruments: advantages, disadvantages, and contract procedures. PMID- 7119717 TI - A field kit for sampling gunshot residue particles. AB - The application of scanning electron microscopy to gunshot residue particle detection requires a field sampling kit that can be used dependably by nonscientific field personnel. The kit developed by the authors uses adhesive tape on aluminum stubs to sample the suspect's hands. The kit evolved from prototypes that were subjected to extensive field tests. Comments by users pinpointed various shortcomings that were eliminated; the final version is suitable for rapid, straightforward application in the often hectic environment in which field officers must operate. The kit is also compact, durable, and inexpensive; it is thus especially suitable for large-scale fabrication, issue, and use on a regular basis. PMID- 7119718 TI - Report of a metoprolol-associated death. PMID- 7119720 TI - The use of mammographic equipment in mass disaster identification. PMID- 7119719 TI - Primary malignant lymphoma of the heart in sudden unexpected death. PMID- 7119721 TI - The effects of the argon lon laser on subsequent blood examinations. PMID- 7119722 TI - Phenol poisoning: three fatal cases. PMID- 7119723 TI - The construction of a forensic science thesaurus. PMID- 7119725 TI - The morphology and occurrence of human hair sheath cells. PMID- 7119724 TI - The subtyping of haptoglobin in blood samples in dried and liquid state. PMID- 7119726 TI - A survey of the cannabis content of unsmoked reefer cigarettes. PMID- 7119728 TI - Cotransport of lithium and potassium in human red cells. AB - This paper reports the presence of human red cells of an additional ouabain insensitive transport pathway for lithium ions, the Li-K cotransport. Several kinds of observations support this conclusion. Cells loaded to contain only K, Na, or Li do not exhibit furosemide-sensitive efflux. Simultaneous presence of K and Li on the same side of the membrane mutually stimulates furosemide-sensitive Li and K fluxes from that side. Cells loaded with both Na and Li exhibit no furosemide-sensitive Li efflux. Thus, Li can apparently replace Na but not K on the outward Na-K cotransport system in human red cells. Furthermore, Lio, like Ko, inhibits outward Na-K cotransport. Additional proof for coupled Li-K cotransport is provided by the observation that an outwardly directed K electrochemical potential gradient can drive net outwardly directed K electrochemical potential gradient can drive net outward Li movement against its gradient. There are several differences between Li-K cotransport and Li-Na countertransport. The cotransport system has an apparent affinity for Li that is about one-half that for Na and 30 times lower than the counter-transport system. Furosemide and chloride replacement inhibit cotransport but do not affect countertransport. The PCMBS loading procedure irreversibly inhibits countertransport but not cotransport. Furthermore, the two systems can apparently function at maximal rates simultaneously. Present evidence, than, indicates that the two pathways can be separated operationally as two different systems. PMID- 7119727 TI - Catecholamine-stimulated ion transport in duck red cells. Gradient effects in electrically neutral [Na + K + 2Cl] Co-transport. AB - The transient increase in cation permeability observed in duck red cells incubated with norepinephrine has been shown to be a linked, bidirectional, co transport of sodium plus potassium. This pathway, sensitive to loop diuretics such as furosemide, was found to have a [Na + K] stoichiometry of 1:1 under all conditions tested. Net sodium efflux was inhibited by increasing external potassium, and net potassium efflux was inhibited by increasing external sodium. Thus, the movement of either cation is coupled to, and can be driven by, the gradient of its co-ion. There is no evidence of trans stimulation of co-transport by either cation. The system also has a specific anion requirement satisfied only by chloride or bromide. Shifting the membrane potential by varying either external chloride (at constant internal chloride) or external potassium (at constant internal potassium in the presence of valinomycin and DIDs [4,4' diisothiocyano-2,2'-disulfonic acid stilbene]), has no effect on nor-epinephrine stimulated net sodium transport. Thus, this co-transport system is unaffected by membrane potential and is therefore electrically neutral. Finally, under the latter conditions-when Em was held constant near EK and chloride was not at equilibrium-net sodium extrusion against a substantial electrochemical gradient could be produced by lowering external chloride at high internal concentrations, thereby demonstrating that the anion gradient can also drive co-transport. We conclude, therefore, that chloride participates directly in the co-transport of [Na + K + 2Cl]. PMID- 7119729 TI - Effects of priming flash parameters and dark interval on red-induced afterpotential in Balanus photoreceptors. AB - The sequence (a) priming flash, (b) dark interval, and (c) red light induces a long-lasting afterdepolarization (PDA) in Balanus photoreceptors. The inward flow of membrane current associated with the decay of PDA was independent of red test flashes, provided that PDA had plateaued at a particular intensity. The influence of wavelength and duration of the priming flash and their interaction with the dark interval were investigated. Increasing the duration of the priming flash produced a systematic increase in PDA duration. The dark interval plays a crucial role in PDA induction. The priming flash duration and the dark interval were reciprocally related, i.e, short flashes followed by long dark intervals induced as much PDA as long priming flashes followed by short dark intervals. The action spectrum for the priming flash was found to correspond to that of the primary photopigment (VP537). PMID- 7119730 TI - Intracellular Ca release in skinned smooth muscle. AB - The release of internal Ca from saponin-treated skinned smooth muscle of guinea pig taenia caecum was studied. The amount of Ca released was estimated by the area under the contraction curve during treatment with 25 mM caffeine in the presence of 0.1 mM EGTA. The magnitude of the caffeine response in skinned muscle, after loading with 10(-6) M Ca for 3 min, was similar to that in the depolarized muscle in the presence of EGTA before treatment with saponin. This suggests that Ca in the skinned muscle was in a physiological range after loading. The release of Ca from the storage site could be facilitated by Ca itself when the skinned muscle was exposed to Ca above 3 x 10(-6) M. An increase in environmental MG concentration suppressed the Ca-induced Ca release mechanism. Sudden replacement of propionate with Cl in the bathing solution made it possible to release Ca from the storage site. This "depolarization"-induced Ca release occurred only immediately after the application of Cl; thereafter, the Ca release mechanism seemed to be inactivated by the prolonged presence of Cl. These results suggest that two mechanisms of Ca release operate in smooth muscle: (a) release induced by Ca itself, and (b) release by "depolarization". PMID- 7119731 TI - Agonist-induced changes in the modulation of K+ permeability and beating rate by muscarinic agonists in cultured heart cells. AB - The correlation between number of muscarinic cholinergic receptor sites as measured by binding of the muscarinic antagonist [3H]methylscopolamine ([3H]MS) and the ability of muscarinic agonists to mediate a physiologic response was determined in intact heart cells cultured from chick embryos 10 d in ovo. The increase in K+ permeability and the decrease in beating rate mediated by the muscarinic agonist carbamylcholine were the responses studied. Exposure to 10(-3) M carbamylcholine caused a 15% decrease in beating rate and a 33% increase in the rate of 42K+ efflux from cells labeled to equilibrium. An assay for binding of [3H]MS to intact cells was developed. [3H]MS bound specifically to intact heart cells (185 fmol/mg protein) with a Kd of 0.48 nM. Exposure of cells for various times to 10(-3) M carbamylcholine followed by binding of [3H]MS to intact cells demonstrated that a gradual loss of 70% of [3H]MS binding sites took place over the next 6 h with a T 1/2 of 30 min. A decrease in the ability of carbamylcholine to stimulate K+ efflux and to decrease beating rate was observed after pre exposure of cells to muscarinic agonists. A close correlation was found between the loss of the subclass of muscarinic receptors subject to agonist control and the loss of physiologic responsiveness after agonist exposure. The data suggest the absence of significant numbers of "spare" receptors within this group. PMID- 7119732 TI - Calcium diffusion in uterine smooth muscle sheets. AB - The potassium contracture in the longitudinal muscle of estrogen-treated rat uterus was kinetically investigated. The rates of tension development after Ca addition and relaxation after Ca removal were measured under the high-potassium depolarization. Both rates decreased with an increase in preparation thickness. The relaxation rate had only a slight dependence on temperature. On the contrary, both relaxation and contraction rates in a contraction induced by an electrical stimulation strongly depended on temperature, but not on preparation size. These results suggest that the Ca diffusion process in the extracellular space is the rate-limiting step in relaxation of Ca-dependent contracture under potassium depolarization. The diffusion model, in which the effect of the unstirred layer was considered, could quantitatively explain the experimental results. The apparent diffusion coefficient in the muscle sheet was estimated to be approximately 3 x 10(-7) cm2/s. The difference from that in aqueous solution is discussed. PMID- 7119733 TI - Na+-H+ exchange at the apical membrane of Necturus gallbladder. Extracellular and intracellular pH studies. AB - The mechanism of luminal solution acidification was studied in Necturus gallbladder by measurement of mucosal solution and intracellular pH with glass electrodes. When the gallbladder was bathed by a Na-Ringer's solution it acidified the luminal side by a Na+-dependent, amiloride-inhibitable process. In the presence of ouabain, acidification was reduced but could be stimulated to a rate greater than that under control conditions by the imposition of an inwardly directed Na+ gradient. These results suggest that luminal acidification results from Na+-H+ exchange at the apical membrane and not by diffusion of metabolic CO2. Li+ can substitute for Na+ but K+, Rb+, Cs+, and tetramethylammonium (TMA+) cannot. The maximal rate of exchange was about five times greater for Na+ than for Li+. Intracellular pH (pHi) was measured with recessed-tip glass microelectrodes; with the tissue bathed in Na-Ringer's solution (pH 7.75), pHi was 7.51 +/- 0.04. After inhibition of Na+-H+ exchange by mucosal perfusion with amiloride (1 mM) or by complete Na+ replacement with TMA+, phi fell reversibly by 0.15 and 0.22 pH units, respectively. These results support the conclusion that Na+-H+ exchange at the apical membrane is the mechanism of luminal acidification and is involved in the maintenance of steady state pHi. PMID- 7119734 TI - Arogenate (pretyrosine) pathway of tyrosine and phenylalanine biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aureofaciens ATCC 15926. AB - Assays of enzyme activities suggest that arogenate, the product of prephenate transamination, is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of both phenylalanine and tyrosine in Pseudomonas aureofaciens ATCC 15926. In addition to prephenate dehydratase and prephenate dehydrogenase, arogenate dehydratase and arogenate dehydrogenase activities were demonstrated. This pattern of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis in pseudomonads had previously been demonstrated only in P. aeruginosa. Arogenate dehydrogenase from P. aureofaciens differs from that in P. aeruginosa in its utilization of either NAD+ or NADP+ as cofactor and its inhibition by L-tyrosine. During ammonium sulphate fractionation, arogenate dehydratase co-precipitated with prephenate dehydratase I activity and not with prephenate dehydratase II. The pattern of regulation of the arogenate route to tyrosine in P. aureofaciens ATCC 15926 differed from that previously reported for strain ATCC 13986. PMID- 7119735 TI - Numerical taxonomy of psychrotrophic pseudomonads. AB - The taxonomy of 218 psychrotrophic pseudomonad strains (200 field strains from meat and 18 type and reference strains) was numerically studied by 174 biochemical and physiological tests. All strains were Gram-negative rods, oxidative positive and motile by means of one or more polar flagella. The strains clustered into 15 groups, of which 9 were regarded as major clusters. The major clusters were designated as Pseudomonas fragi (112 strains), P. fluorescens biotype III (7 strains), P. fluorescens biotype I (16 strains). P. aureofaciens/chlororaphis (3 strains), P. fluorescens biotype II (3 strains), P. putida biotype I (4 strains), Alteromonas putrefaciens (10 strains) and Aeromonas hydrophila biotype I (5 strains). One major cluster, containing 21 strains (cluster 2), was left unassigned. The phenotypic data indicate that this cluster might represent a new species. The P. fluorescens/P. putida complex matched closely the descriptions of Stanier et al. (1966), but the two largest clusters (1 and 2) were not in agreement with any species described in the eighth edition of Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. Cluster 1 included the type strain (ATCC 4973) of the hitherto incompletely described P. fragi. A simplified scheme for the separation between P. fragi, P. fluorescens, P. putida and cluster 2 is presented. PMID- 7119737 TI - Reclassification of 'Corynebacterium haemolyticum' (MacLean, Liebow & Rosenberg) in the genus Arcanobacterium gen.nov. as Arcanobacterium haemolyticum nom.rev., comb.nov. AB - 'Corynebacterium haemolyticum' (MacLean, Liebow & Rosenberg) differs to such an extent from the type species of Corynebacterium, C. diphtheriae (Lehmann & Neumann), that it should be removed from this genus. Chemical and numerical phenetic data indicate that 'C. haemolyticum' is a distinct taxon worthy of generic status. A new genus, Arcanobacterium, is described for the species A. haemolyticum (MacLean, Liebow & Rosenberg) nov.rev., comb.nov. The genus is tentatively placed within the 'coryneform group of bacteria'. The type species of the genus is Arcanobacterium haemolyticum and the type strain is ATCC 9345. PMID- 7119736 TI - The construction by computer of a diagnostic key to the genera of yeasts and other such groups of taxa. AB - Groups of taxa such as genera, or groups derived from some forms of cluster analysis, may have insufficient test results that are constant within the groups to allow diagnostic keys and tables to be constructed in the usual way. This paper describes how the usual methods can be adapted to allow construction based on information about the individual group members, instead of on the overall group information. A new key to the genera of yeasts is constructed by these modified methods. PMID- 7119738 TI - Numerical and chemical classification of Nocardia amarae. AB - Twenty-one strains of Nocardia amarae and marker cultures of Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Rhodococcus and the 'aurantiaca' taxon were subjected to numerical phenetic analyses using 92 unit characters. The data were examined using the simple matching (SSM), Jaccard (SJ) and pattern (DP) coefficients and clustering was achieved using the unweighted average linkage algorithm. Neither cluster nor aggregate cluster composition was markedly affected by the coefficient used or by test error, estimated at 1.5%. The N. amarae strains formed a distinct and homogeneous cluster which showed its highest similarity to phena equated with Nocardia asteroides, Nocardia brasiliensis and Nocardia otitidis-caviarum. The non-hydroxylated fatty acid composition and overall size of the mycolic acids was similar to that found to be characteristic of Nocardia sensu stricto, though the long-chain in the 2-position of the mycolic acids was relatively much richer in monounsaturated components. Nocardia amarae, in containing dihydrogenated menaquinones with nine isoprene units, is clearly distinguished from established representatives of Nocardia. PMID- 7119739 TI - Immunochemistry of the cell-surface carbohydrate antigens of Clostridium difficile. AB - Two carbohydrate cell-surface antigens were extracted from Clostridium difficile. One was extracted from pure cell walls by NaOH and contained glucose, mannose, galactosamine and phosphate in the approximate molar proportions of 2:0.65:1:0.63. The other antigen was extracted with phenol from the disrupted contents of whole cells and purified by chromatography on Sepharose 6B and an immunoabsorbent column; it contained glucose, glucosamine, phosphate and fatty acid in the approximate molar proportions of 2:1:1.6:0.04. Both antigens showed partial immunological identity and both cross-reacted with Clostridium sordellii antiserum. They are analogues of the wall and membrane teichoic acids of other Gram-positive bacteria. PMID- 7119740 TI - Selenium-dependent growth and glycine fermentation by Clostridium purinolyticum. AB - Clostridium purinolyticum fermented glycine as a sole carbon and energy source according to the equation: 4 Glycine + 2H2O leads to 3 Acetate + 2CO2 + 4NH3. The organism required adenine as a supplement and selenium compounds as micronutrients for growth. The molar growth yield on glycine was 6.5 g dry wt. Radiochemical and enzymic investigations revealed a new fermentation pathway for glycine in which 1 mol glycine was completely oxidized to CO2 and the generated reducing equivalents were used to reduce a further 3 mol glycine to acetate via the glycine reductase system. This reaction was associated with the formation of ATP. PMID- 7119741 TI - Sporulation competence in Physarum polycephalum CL and the requirement for DNA replication and mitosis. AB - The optimum conditions for sporulation and the requirements for mitosis and DNA replication during the onset of the process have been investigated in plasmodia of the CL strain of Physarum polycephalum. A 72 h period of starvation was necessary before a plasmodium became competent to sporulate on exposure to light. The plasmodium became irreversibly committed to sporulation 4 to 5 h after illumination. The commitment point was related to the time of illumination rather than the duration of starvation. Three periods of DNA synthesis were detected during the initial 24 h of starvation, but in an asporogenous derivative of the CL strain only the first two periods were detected. Inhibition of mitosis with nocodazole or of DNA synthesis with hydroxyurea prevented sporulation. Escape of plasmodia from hydroxyurea inhibition of sporulation coincided with the last detectable period of DNA synthesis, but escape from nocodazole inhibition of sporulation occurred 25 to 30 h later. PMID- 7119742 TI - Ultrastructure of the cell envelope layers and surface details of Legionella pneumophila. AB - Ten strains representing six serogroups of Legionella pneumophila were examined by electron microscopy using freeze-etching, thin-sectioning and negative staining techniques. In addition, selected strains were examined further as shadowed and freeze-dried preparations and by scanning electron microscopy. The cell envelope consisted of two membranes, evident in fractured specimens as four short ridges. The major fracture plane was through the inner membrane, and therefore the protoplasmic and extracellular fracture faces of this membrane were predominant. With the exception of one strain (Togus 1), the particle arrangement on these fracture faces was random. A peptidoglycan-like cell wall layer was revealed only in sections of partially plasmolysed cells. Membrane-bounded poly beta-hydroxybutyrate-like granules were evident in the cytoplasm and these frequently showed plastic deformation due to fracturing. Although appendages were present, the surfaces of organisms and of isolated cell membranes showed no regular arrays of particles. PMID- 7119743 TI - Construction of matrices for computer-assisted identification of aerobic Gram positive cocci. AB - Two identification matrices for use with computerized probabilistic identification were constructed, based on 327 reference strains and 212 field isolates of Gram-positive, aerobic coccoid bacteria. The first, MICR1, was constructed for catalase-positive strains (Micrococcaceae); the second, STPC1, for catalase-negative strains (streptococci). The quality of the resultant data was assessed using statistical analysis, and the value of the identification statistic used was considered in the light of possible alternatives. PMID- 7119744 TI - Discrimination of some Gram-negative bacteria by direct probe mass spectrometry. AB - The technique of direct probe mass spectrometry is described together with its application to the analysis of 50 strains of Gram-negative bacteria representing seven genera. Thirty-six of these strains were analysed in duplicate, and the 72 spectra held in a computer library. The intensities of 63 ions from each of the spectra were analysed by discriminant analysis techniques and all seven groups could be distinguished by as few as six ions. A set of 29 strains, 15 of which already in the data base, were used as unknowns to challenge the library on two separate occasions. The success rate of these challenges was 97% and 90% using the full spectra, but only 72% and 62% using the selection of six ions. Possible explanations for this are discussed as well as the scope and limitations of the method as a means of characterizing micro-organisms. PMID- 7119745 TI - The role of antibodies and serum complement in the interaction between macrophages and leptospires. AB - Guinea-pig macrophages exerted bactericidal activity against both a virulent and a saprophytic strain of leptospira in the presence of the homologous IgG. Serum complement alone rendered the saprophytic strain susceptible to phagocytosis by the same macrophages. PMID- 7119746 TI - The mycolic acids of Mycobacterium chelonei. AB - Two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography of whole-organism acid methanolysates of Mycobacterium chelonei gives a characteristic pattern of two non-polar mycolic acid methyl esters which allows the organism to be distinguished from all other mycobacteria including Mycobacterium fortuitum. The mycolic acids from Mycobacterium chelonei were composed of approximately equal amounts of a diunsaturated alpha-mycolate and a lower molecular weight alpha'-mycolate, though minor amounts of a different alpha-mycolate were also detected. These mycolic acids are the first examples of natural mixtures from mycobacteria lacking major amounts of acids having oxygen functions in addition to the 3-hydroxy acid unit. PMID- 7119747 TI - Studies on the mycolic acids from the walls of Mycobacterium microti. AB - Mycobacterium microti walls contained three types of mycolic acids, very similar to those found in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. An alpha-mycolate with two cyclopropane rings, a methoxymycolate with one cyclopropane ring and a methoxyl group, and a ketomycolate with one cyclopropane ring and a keto group were partially characterized. The mycolates made up 34% (by weight) of the peptidoglycan-arabinogalactan-mycolate wall skeleton. Young exponential phase cultures and organisms harvested from mouse lungs contained high proportions of ketomycolates; older cultures had roughly equal proportions of keto- and methoxymycolates. The proportion of alpha-mycolates increased slightly with age of culture, but was always less than one-third of the total. PMID- 7119748 TI - The overall evolution of the H7 influenza virus haemagglutinins is different from the evolution of the proteolytic cleavage site. AB - It has been shown previously that the pathogenicity of avian influenza A viruses depends strictly on the proteolytic cleavability of their haemagglutinins (HAs) in infected cells. In this communication, pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains of the H7 subtype have been studied by comparing the genetic relatedness of their HA genes. Some of the cleavable HAs of pathogenic strains were genetically more closely related to the uncleaved HAs than to other cleavable HAs. These data clearly demonstrate that the overall evolution of the H7 haemagglutinins is different from the evolution of the specific cleavage site. PMID- 7119749 TI - Specific secretion of polypeptides from cells infected with myxoma virus. AB - The polypeptides secreted from cells infected with myxoma virus have been studied. Three virus-induced polypeptides were detected. One major and one minor polypeptide were synthesized and secreted in the absence of virus DNA synthesis; one minor polypeptide was not detected in the medium under such conditions. All these polypeptides were glycosylated and one was sulphated. Two precipitin lines were seen in Ouchterlony tests examining medium from infected rabbit cells and using serum from rabbits convalescent from myxoma virus infections. These antigens were unrelated to the virus-specific antigens released from cells infected with vaccinia virus. No major differences were detected in comparisons between the polypeptides secreted from cells infected with virulent and relatively avirulent strains of myxoma virus. PMID- 7119750 TI - Acute infection of mice with lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus enhances Fc and complement receptor activity of peritoneal macrophages. AB - Peritoneal macrophages isolated from Balb/c mice 1 day after infection with lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV) exhibited a 5- to 10-fold enhancement of attachment and ingestion of sheep red blood cells coated with immunoglobulin (EAIgG) or immunoglobulin plus complement (EAIgMC). Macrophages isolated from mice 7 days after LDV infection or macrophages infected with LDV in culture were also slightly more active than macrophages from uninfected mice, but the differences were not significant. The results indicate that a specific increase in the number of Fc and C3 receptors on macrophages occurs during the acute phase of infection. This increase correlates with the transient appearance of interferon in acutely infected mice. We postulate that during the acute phase the productive infection of a subpopulation of macrophages that is permissive for LDV results in the synthesis of sufficient interferon to cause activation of the remaining non-permissive macrophages in the animal. PMID- 7119751 TI - Polymorphism of the genomic RNAs among the avian reoviruses. AB - The genome of avian reoviruses is comprised of 10 segments of double-stranded (ds)RNA. Analysis by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the genomic RNA from a small number of avian reoviruses has demonstrated a significant polymorphism in the migration pattern of the dsRNA segments among different isolates. Comparison of these patterns with that of the mammalian reovirus of serotype 1 has permitted calculation of the molecular weights of the avian dsRNA species. PMID- 7119752 TI - Replication and release of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus in BHK-21 cells. AB - Epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) was seen by light and electron microscopy to replicate in perinuclear locations. Tubules, paracrystals and virus matrices were associated with replication sites. As infection proceeded, aggregates of virus migrated towards the cell periphery, resulting in cell membrane rupture near the virus aggregate with the subsequent release of the virus aggregates. Virus release, as seen by light microscopy, gave the appearance of occurring by a 'budding' process whereby part of the cell would swell and subsequently rupture or break away. Infectivity studies indicated that approx. 80% of newly replicated virus was released extracellularly in aggregates which required disruption to maximize infectious virus yield. Trypsin did not enhance virus infectivity. Of the six EHDV isolates used in this study each isolate was characterized by its own maximum yield obtained after several serial passages in cell culture. PMID- 7119753 TI - Neuronal function impairment in rabies-infected rat brain. AB - In homogenates of rabies-infected rat brain the specific binding of a tritium labelled antagonist of muscarinic acetylcholine (mACh) varied during the course of infection. A small increase in the binding of the antagonist, quinuclidinyl benzylate (QNB), during the first days after infection was followed by a marked decrease as the symptoms of rabies appeared. Measurements of 3H-labelled QNB binding in dissected brain regions, i.e. brain stem, caudatus nucleus, cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum and medulla, showed that the decrease in binding was greater in the hippocampus than in any other brain region. We conclude that in the central nervous system (CNS) of the rabies-infected rat neuronal impairment may be one manifestation of rabies pathogenesis. PMID- 7119754 TI - The 3' terminal RNA sequences of bunyaviruses and nairoviruses (Bunyaviridae): evidence of end sequence generic differences within the virus family. AB - The 3' terminal nucleotide sequences of the three virus RNA species of viruses representing eight serogroups of bunyaviruses (genus Bunyavirus, Bunyaviridae) and six serogroups of nairoviruses (genus Nairovirus, Bunyaviridae) have been characterized. Members of the Bunyavirus genus have conserved 3' end sequences (generally, 3' UCAUCACAUGA...) that differ from the conserved 3' end sequences of members of the Nairovirus genus (generally, 3' AGAGUUUCU...). PMID- 7119755 TI - Effect of regular noncontingent sensory changes on responding for sensory change. AB - Two experiments are reported in which responding for sensory change was studied in a situation in which regular sensory changes also occurred in the absence of responding. In Experiment 1 these regular changes depended on responses being withheld for a specified period but in Experiment 2 they occurred noncontingently. In both experiments responses produced immediate simultaneous light and sound changes. Finding from an earlier experiment in which a quite different procedure was used involving a choice between a single light change or a single sound change were confirmed. However in neither experiment was amount of responding related to the frequency of the regular, noncontingent changes. This finding was interpreted as evidence against the notion that sensory changes as such, are reinforcing. It is suggested instead that responding for sensory change is a form of behavior which in maintained because exerting control over the environment is intrinsically motivating. PMID- 7119756 TI - Recognition of letters in words and nonwords. AB - Two visual search experiments were conducted to clarify the processes underlying the "word superiority" effect. Ss in both experiments (18 college students in Experiment 1; 18 college students and 18 older adults in Experiment 2) searched six, 50-item stimulus lists for the letters "a" and "r". Each item consisted of a string of four letters forming either a word or a nonword anagram of that word. Items were printed in either uppercase letters, lowercase letters, or mixed-cased letters (e.g., wOrD), resulting in the six stimulus lists. Significant main effects were obtained in the two experiments. Search times were shorter for words than for nonwords, regardless of case. Thus, the word superiority effect was demonstrated even when the visual configuration of the word was disrupted. Search times were also shorter for uppercase and lowercase items (i.e., same-case items) than for mixed-case items, regardless of the word/nonword condition. In addition, older persons (Experiment 2) evidenced slower processing than college students in all stimulus conditions, and their processing was differentially slowed in conditions which prevented automatic (as opposed to effortful) processing. Results were interpreted in terms of automatic information processing. PMID- 7119757 TI - Perceived stress in police officers and belief in locus of control. PMID- 7119758 TI - Effects of shock predictability and naloxone on preference for signaled over unsignaled tail shock. PMID- 7119759 TI - Lateral eye movements to verbal and spatial questions as a function of questioner location. AB - Fifty right-handed females thought about answer to verbal and spatial reasoning questions asked by a questioner seated either in front of or behind them. Ss in the questioner-in-front condition predominantly exhibited left lateral eye movements regardless of the question type, while the lateral eye movements of the questioner-in back Ss showed no directional trend in response to either question type. S's self-reported anxiety was not associated with lateral eye movements in either questioner-location condition. PMID- 7119760 TI - Sex effects on free recall of transforming orally and visually presented nouns into printed, picture, or imagery form. AB - Two experiments using male and female college students studied the effects on free recall of transforming auditory and visual stimuli by imagination or penciling. Experiment 1 (N = 152) presented nouns either auditorily by a tape recorder or visually as printed words, and Ss either drew them as pictures or printed them as words. Significantly more items were recalled as a result of drawing pictures during the presentation of stimuli (p less than .001). Female Ss recalled significantly more items than male Ss (p less than .01). There was no significant difference found between auditory or visual presentation. The procedure in Experiment 2 (N = 112) was similar, except that Ss transformed the nouns by imagination or penciling. Results were similar to those of Experiment 1. There was no significant difference between imagery and penciling. PMID- 7119761 TI - The influence of transient distortion on reaction time. AB - Reaction times to acoustic stimuli (250 and 4000 Hz sine waves) varying in rise decay time (50, 25, 10, 5.0, and 1.0 msec) were obtained from normal hearing listeners (N = 3). Findings indicate that decreasing rise-decay time systematically distorts the shape of the latency-intensity function. Data from the shortest rise-decay condition suggests that transient distortion may affect a relatively small change in signal detectabiliity across a signal intensity range of 75 dB. PMID- 7119762 TI - Atypical psychoses. Part I - Nosology. Introduction: the disorder and its diagnosis. PMID- 7119763 TI - Atypical psychoses. Part I - Nosology. PMID- 7119764 TI - Cycloid psychoses: diagnosis and heuristic value. PMID- 7119765 TI - Reactive psychoses. AB - Scandinavian psychiatrists have been pre-eminent in elucidating the concept of reactive psychoses. This diagnosis has never found much acceptance except in Scandinavia, and the new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd Edition category of brief reactive psychosis is quite different from reactive psychosis as described by most Scandinavian clinicians and researchers. The concept of psychogenic psychoses is, however, not new. Indeed, many psychiatrists of the early 20th century stressed the psychogenic factors in psychotic mental disturbances. Reactive psychoses have generally been considered illnesses distinct not only from schizophrenia but also from manic-depressive psychosis with a distinctive genetic component. Of 283 hospitalized patients at Johns Hopkins for whom long-term follow-ups were available and of whom all were first admissions, Astrup retrospectively diagnosed 91 as reactive psychoses. A contrasting group of 78 "systematic schizophrenics" by Leonhardt's criteria were identified. Stephens found that these two groups differed significantly in that the reactive patients had a) a more acute onset, b) more precipitating stress, c) more affective symptoms, d) more confusion, e) less affective blunting, f) a better premorbid adjustment, g) less premorbid schizoid traits, h) fewer schizophrenic relatives, and i) a much more favorable long term outcome. PMID- 7119766 TI - DSM-III style diagnoses of the episodic disorders. AB - The episodic disorders can be clearly differentiated from schizophrenia as now rigorously defined in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd Edition. Because the affective disorder is a more heterogeneous one, the boundaries between this group and episodic disorders is less precise, but this boundary could be clarified with a rigorous definition of the affective disorders comparable to that utilized for schizophrenia. The acute mode of onset and the remitting course are the most useful differentiating features between schizophrenia and the episodic disorder. The presence of toxic or other organic symptoms, including clouding of sensorium, illusions, visual hallucinations, formes frustes of epilepsy, childhood history of minimal brain dysfunction or attentional deficits, and soft neurological signs, aid in differentiating the episodic disorders from manic and depressive episodes. There is a subgroup of episodic disorders that can be differentiated from the epileptoid or organic episodic disorders as well as from the major psychoses by psychodynamic factors alone. PMID- 7119767 TI - Borderline personality subcategories. AB - A careful study of 106 patients, diagnosed as borderline using the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd Edition, is in progress at a private psychiatric facility. Three distinct subcategories of the borderline personality disorder have been identified: history of no organicity, history of trauma, encephalitis, or epilepsy, and history of attentional deficit disorder/learning disabilities. A discriminant function analysis approach clearly distinguishes the three borderline subcategories from one another and from a schizophrenic control group. Borderline patients also show significant sex differences. The borderline personality disorder is viewed as either on a continuum with affective disorders and atypical psychoses, or with organic brain dysfunction including the episodic dyscontrol syndrome and/or adult minimal brain dysfunction. Future research should be directed toward further classifying homogeneous subgroups of borderline patients in order to provide more specific and effective treatment. PMID- 7119768 TI - Neurological findings in adult minimal brain dysfunction and the dyscontrol syndrome. AB - This paper reports the neurological findings in 286 patients with a history of recurrent attacks of uncontrollable rage occurring with little or no provocation and dating from early childhood or from a physical brain insult at a later date. Objective evidence of developmental or acquired brain defects was found in 94 per cent. The most common abnormality was minimal brain dysfunction, which was present in 41 per cent. The diagnosis was not made on behavioral symptoms alone; there had to be positive neurological and/or laboratory evidence (electroencephalogram, computerized axial tomography scan, x-rays, psychological tests). The most common symptom apart form episodic dyscontrol was complex partial seizures which had occurred at some time in the life of 30 per cent of the patients. In many the seizures had not been recognized as epileptic because of their subtle form and rare occurrence. Convulsions and dramatic attacks with unconsciousness were rare. One third of the patients presented a variety of psychiatric disorders persisting for days, weeks, or months in addition to episodic rage. Another type of periodicity was exhibited by women whose episodes occurred solely or mainly in the premenstrual week. Detection of both adult minimal brain dysfunction and complex partial seizures requires detailed and well informed interrogation because many of the symptoms are far from obvious and are unlikely to be uncovered by a superficial medical history or neurological examination. PMID- 7119769 TI - Prognosis as the critical variable in classification of the functional psychoses. AB - Kraepelin used a disease entity concept to define the two major functional psychoses (i.e., distinctive patterns of onset, symptoms, and course of illness). There have been many subsequent studies using patient outcome or distribution of illness among relatives to test the validity of these nosological classes. Differences between chronic schizophrenia and (predominantly nonchronic) affective disorders are often reported, but it is difficult to discern whether these differences are associated with diagnostic symptomatology rather than premorbid prognostic status. The evidence suggesting a genetic link between good prognosis schizophrenia and affective disorders may be misinterpreted if premorbid prognostic processes are the distinguishing heritable components between chronic schizophrenia and nonchronic illnesses. Which components of severe psychiatric disorders are heritable is not yet clear. The developmental, psychological and neurological processes associated with premorbid and early morbid characteristics of illness appear good candidates. Considering such variables as prognostic (early morbid or premorbid) rather than diagnostic would permit examination of class assignment (e.g., schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder) and premorbid development. The literature now suggests that chronicity in psychiatric illness breeds true and that symptom constellations breed true. Both of these views may be corrects, and the taxing study design required to simultaneously study these two attributes of disease entities is warranted. This may establish good prognosis schizophrenia as a "third psychosis," or may affirm its standing within traditional nosology. PMID- 7119771 TI - Is the oxygen atom of carbon monoxide coordinated to the copper of hemocyanin? AB - The carbon monoxide binding site of hemocyanins was studied by comparing the isotope shift of the CO-stretching frequencies in CO-hemocyanins with that of carbon monoxide diethylenetriaminecopper(I)tetraphenylboron in which the carbon atom of CO is coordinated to the copper. Coordination by the carbon atom of CO hemocyanin is suggested. PMID- 7119770 TI - Proton magnetic resonance studies on peptide fragments of troponin-C containing single calcium-binding sites. AB - Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been employed to study the solution conformation of three cleavage fragments of troponin-C, each containing a single Ca(II)-binding site and corresponding to different regions in the primary sequence; viz. CB8 (residues 46-77), CB9 (residues 85-134) and TH2 (residues 121 159). Although all three peptides lack a well-defined tertiary fold in the absence of metal ions, several spectral features indicate the presence of local conformational constraints in each apo-peptide. Ca(II) binding led to spectral changes consistent with increased restriction of backbone motility and the adoption of a more compact conformation. Studies using paramagnetic ions as conformational probes support current views concerning the nature of the ligands at the metal binding sites. The nature and kinetics of the structural influence of metal binding suggest that the conformational constraints existing in the CB8 apo-peptide provide an adequate Ca(II)-binding configuration. In contrast, the CB9 and TH2 peptides exhibit spectral changes consistent with an increased local structure in the region of helix E (residues 94-102) in the case of CB9 and helix H (residues 148-159) in the case of TH2. In CB9, conformation changes also appear to be transmitted to a portion of the sequence (residues 87-93) preceding helix E, a putative site of interaction between troponin-C and troponin-I. These data are discussed with reference to the contribution of long-range (interdomain) interactions within troponin-C and the modulation of troponin subunit protein protein interactions by Ca(II) binding. PMID- 7119772 TI - Hemin-mediated para-hydroxylation of aniline: a potential model for oxygen activation and insertion reactions of mixed function oxidases. AB - The activation of molecular oxygen by alkaline hemin (ferriprotoporphyrin IX) has been studied. In the presence of reductant nicotineamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) or nicotineamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and organic substrate, aniline, hemin activates oxygen to the hydroperoxide anion (HO2-) and subsequently mediates insertion of active oxygen into the benzene ring of the substrate to form p-aminophenol, with a high degree of regiospecificity. Oxygen activation does not occur in the absence of aniline. Stoichiometry of the reaction indicates that two electrons are required per molecule of oxygen activated or atom of oxygen inserted into the substrate aromatic ring system. Direct measurement of H2O2 and of the pKa for maximum rate of p-aminophenol formation (11.7 +/- 0.1) indicate participation of the hydroperoxide anion as the active oxygen species in the rate-determining step of the insertion reaction. Powerful scavengers of the hydroxyl radical (OH) have little effect on the formation of H2O2 or p-aminophenol by the system. Superoxide dismutase (10(-7) mol dm-3) inhibited both p-aminophenol and H2O2 formation, when added to the system immediately prior to initiation of the reaction. Studies involving N phenylhydroxylamine indicate that aromatic ring hydroxylation is occurring directly and not by rearrangement of an N-hydroxylated intermediate. Implications of hemin-mediated hydroxylation reactions for those of enzymatic mixed function oxidase activity are discussed. PMID- 7119773 TI - Dissolution half-times of nickel compounds in water, rat serum, and renal cytosol. AB - Seventeen nickel compounds were incubated in water, rat serum, and rat renal cytosol for 72 hr at 37 degrees C. Concentrations of dissolved nickel were analyzed by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and dissolution half-times (T50) were computed by the Weibull equation. Eleven of the nickel compounds (Ni, beta NiS, amorphous NiS, alpha Ni3S2, NiSe, Ni3Se2, NiTe, NiAs, Ni11As8, Ni5As2, and NiFeS4) dissolved more rapidly in serum or cytosol than in water. Four of the compounds (NiO, NiSb, NiFe alloy, and NiTiO3) had no detectable dissolution in any of the media (i.e., T50 greater than 11 yr). One compound (NiAsS) had approximately equal T50 values in the three media; the T50 value of one compound (NiS2) could not be determined in serum or cytosol owing to precipitation. T50 value of 34 and 21 days for dissolution of alpha Ni3S2 in serum and cytosol, respectively, agree closely with the excretion half-time of 24 days derived from previously reported data for excretion of 63Ni in urine and feces of rats after intramuscular injection of alpha 63Ni3S2. These findings suggest that in vitro dissolution half-times of nickel compounds may be used to predict their in vivo excretion half-times, since the dissolution process is rate limiting to their metabolism and excretion. PMID- 7119774 TI - Comparison of the catalytic oxidation of cysteine and o-dianisidine by cupric ion and ceruloplasmin. AB - Several features of the catalytic oxidation of cysteine by ceruloplasmin and nonenzymic Cu(II) at pH 7 have been compared. The oxidation of cysteine by ceruloplasmin has several properties in common with the Cu(II) catalyzed oxidation of cysteine: pH maxima, thiol specificity, lack of inhibition by anions, and high sensitivity to inhibition by copper complexing reagents. These two catalysts differed in their molecular activity, in their ability to oxidize penicillamine and thioglycolate, and in that H2O2 was produced as a primary product only during Cu(II) oxidation. The oxidation of cysteine by ceruloplasmin was compared also with the ceruloplasmin catalyzed oxidation of o-dianisidine, a classical pH 5.5 substrate. The mechanism of the oxidation of cysteine by ceruloplasmin at pH 7 differed from that of o-dianisidine oxidation because the latter substrate was inhibited by anions but not by copper complexing agents. Spectral and other data suggest that during the ceruloplasmin reaction with cysteine there is a one electron transfer from cysteine to ceruloplasmin resulting in the specific reduction of type 1b Cu(II). PMID- 7119775 TI - Kinetics of chromium nucleotide isomer interconversion. AB - The rates of chromium nucleotide isomer interconversion were studied as a function of pH, ionic strength, and temperature. Nucleotide isomers were separated using high voltage electrophoresis and gel filtration chromatography. The rate of conversion of monodentate adenosine 5'-monophosphate-chromium salt (CrADP) to the bidentate complex increased with increasing pH, temperature, and ionic strength. Optimal stability for CrADP complexes was found to be at pH 3.5 with a temperature of 4 degrees C. It was found that at pH values above 7.0, the chromium complexes rapidly decomposed even at 4 degrees C. It was found that the conversion of monodentate CrADP to binentate CrADP required the removal of one proton by the solvent. The activation energy for the conversion was found to be 7.3 kcal/mol at pH 6.5. The kinetics of the isomer interconversion are described in terms of possible conversion mechanisms. PMID- 7119776 TI - Effect of nucleotides and other inhibitors on the inactivation of glutamate decarboxylase. PMID- 7119777 TI - Fatty acid incorporation in normal and degenerating rat sciatic nerve in vivo. PMID- 7119778 TI - Multiple molecular forms of acetylcholine receptors in cultured skeletal muscle cells: subcellular localization and characterization. AB - Skeletal muscle cells of newborn rats, cultured in the absence of neuronal influence, were found to contain two types of cell surface acetylcholine receptors as demonstrated by isoelectric focusing. The isoelectric points of the two types of receptors were indistinguishable from those of junctional and extrajunctional types of receptors in mature animals. The cultured cells had two classes of intracellular alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha BT) binding components; one had the same sedimentation coefficient as that of surface receptors (9S), and the other had much smaller apparent molecular weights. Only a single major component was detected by isoelectric focusing analysis of the 9S intracellular alpha BT binding component, with a pI value close to that of the extrajunctional receptor. These results suggest that the junctional and extrajunctional types of receptors may be synthesized through a common precursor. PMID- 7119779 TI - Cytochrome reductase activities in rat brain microsomes during development. AB - Postnatal developmental alterations of microsomal NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activities were determined in the brain of rats. The reductase activities increased from a low level in the immature brain to a maximum level at 23 to 30 days of age, and then decreased slightly to a plateau. The periods of the activity increments were in accord with those of the enhancement of microsomal fatty acid elongation. The specific activities of these reductases were high in cerebral hemispheres and medulla oblongata, intermediate in midbrain, and lowest in cerebellum of the four regions of 20-day-old rat brain. PMID- 7119780 TI - An amphiphile-dependent form of human brain caudate nucleus acetylcholinesterase: purification and properties. AB - Different forms of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), EC 3.1.1.7, were demonstrated in human brain caudate nucleus. One form was solubilized at high ionic strength, the other with Triton X-100. The detergent-extractable form was purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography. This form of AChE is amphiphile dependent; i.e., it was active only in the presence of amphiphiles (detergents or lipids). Further, the enzyme was shown to bind detergents and to interact hydrophobically with Phenyl-Sepharose. In the presence of detergents the enzyme is a tetramer (subunit molecular weight, 78,000) which aggregates on the removal of detergents. Human brain AChE showed a reaction of identity with human erythrocyte AChE in crossed-line immunoelectrophoresis. The high-salt-soluble brain enzyme did not cross-react with the erythrocyte enzyme. The two classes of AChE seem not to be related, as they show no common antigenic determinant. PMID- 7119781 TI - Artifactual increases in the concentration of free GABA in samples of human cerebrospinal fluid are due to degradation of homocarnosine. AB - Samples of untreated human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were kept at room temperature (20 +/- 1 degree C) up to 72 h, and changes in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and homocarnosine contents were measured. The concentration of free GABA increased with time, and concomitantly a similar decrease occurred in the concentration of homocarnosine. Total GABA after hydrolysis (present in human CSF at concentrations of 40-100 times that of free GABA) did not change. After 2 h the increase in CSF GABA for seven subjects ranged from 42 to 244 pmol/ml. The rate of increase in CSF GABA was positively correlated with the initial homocarnosine concentration. Approximately 5% per h of the initial homocarnosine content was degraded during the first 7 h at room temperature; thereafter the rate gradually decreased. No free GABA was formed in CSF frozen at -70 degrees C for 10 days. When this CSF was restored to room temperature, the formation of free GABA from homocarnosine occurred at essentially the same rate as that observed in fresh CSF. These results demonstrate that the well-known artifactual increase in GABA concentration of untreated human CSF depends on the concentration of homocarnosine. The rapidity of this increase (up to 2 pmol/ml/min) could account for disparities among CSF free GABA concentrations previously reported from normal subjects. It is suggested that measurement of concentrations of total GABA in the CSF would provide a better index of human brain GABA concentration than determination of CSF free GABA. PMID- 7119783 TI - Activation of ethanolamine phospholipase A2 in Brain during ischemia. AB - Extracts of acetone-dried powders from ischemic gerbil brain were examined for phospholipase A1 and A2 activities with phosphatidylethanolamine at pH 7.2. Ischemia was induced by bilateral ligation, and the animals were killed by immersion into liquid nitrogen. Bilateral ligation with ketamine as general anesthetic resulted in a rapid, transient increase in phospholipase A2 activity. The activity increased from 0.46 nmol/h/mg protein at 0 time to 0.82 nmol/h/mg protein at 1 min of ligation. Phospholipase A1 activity also increased from 0.7 go 1.3 nmol/h/mg protein within the 1st min. When Nembutal was used as anesthetic, the phospholipase activation was earlier, within the first 30 s. Similar results were found for ischemia induced by decapitation of Wistar rats without anesthesia. Bilateral ligation of the carotid arteries of the gerbil is known to increase the concentration of free fatty acids, particularly arachidonate. This increase is, at least in part, due to phospholipase A activation. As ethanolamine phospholipase A2 in brain does not require Ca2+ for activity, these results suggest that phospholipase A2 activation in ischemic brain results from a covalent modification of the enzyme. PMID- 7119782 TI - Purification and properties of bovine brain dopamine beta-hydroxylase. AB - Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) was purified from bovine brain by a series of steps including extraction with 0.5% Triton X-100, ammonium sulfate fractionation, and serial chromatographies with Concanavalin A (Con A)-Sepharose, Biogel A-1.5 m, DEAE-Sephadex, and phenyl-Sepharose. The overall purification was approximately 4200-fold and the final specific activity was 147 nmol/min/mg protein. Bovine brain DBH was apparently a glycoprotein and interacted with immobilized Con A. Furthermore, the enzyme bound to phenyl-substituted agarose by hydrophobic interaction. An approximate molecular weight was estimated to be 400,000 by gel filtration; the protein eluted earlier than bovine adrenal DBH with a molecular weight estimated to be 290,000. The Km values toward tyramine and ascorbate were 1.53 and 1.42 mM, respectively, the optimal pH was 5.0 in the presence of 20 mM tyramine as substrate. Immunological titration studies indicated that bovine brain and adrenal DBH had common antigenic sites. Our data showed a close similarity between the bovine brain and adrenal enzymes. PMID- 7119784 TI - Biochemical and morphological comparison of postsynaptic densities prepared from rat, hamster, and monkey brains by phase partitioning. AB - A new procedure for the preparation of postsynaptic densities (PSDs) is described. A synaptic membrane fraction was homogenized in an aqueous two-phase polymer system containing Poly(ethylene glycol) 6000 (5% wt/wt) and Dextran T500 (6% wt/wt) containing 1% 1-o-n-octyl-beta-D-glucoside. Following a brief centrifugation to separate the phases, highly purified PSDs banded at the interface of the two phases. Using this procedure PSDs have been isolated from rat and hamster cerebral cortex and from the frontal cortex, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and pooled caudate/putamen regions of Macaca mulatta Rhesus monkeys. The isolated PSDs appeared as curved bars when sectioned or as discs when viewed en face in the electron microscope. The hamster PSDs were associated with large numbers of small rod-like structures 4.5 nm thick and 28 nm long. Similar structures were present, although in fewer numbers, in the rat and monkey preparations. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the PSDs contained a complex population of proteins with major components having molecular weights of 180,000, 130,000, 110,000, 94,000, 65,000, 60,000, and 51,000. Reaction of polyacrylamide gels with 125I-concanavalin A (Con A) identified two major (apparent Mr 180,000 and 130,000) and three minor (apparent Mr 230,000, 145,000, and 110,000) Con A-binding glycoproteins in the PSD fractions. Although some quantitative variation between species and brain regions was apparent, the overall protein and glycoprotein composition was similar for all fractions studied. PMID- 7119785 TI - The differential effects of GABA-transaminase inactivation in the chick retina and brain. AB - The inactivation of gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA)-transaminase by the highly specific and potent neurotoxin gabaculine leads to different neurochemical consequences in the chick brain as opposed to the chick retina. In the brain, GABA levels continually climb, reaching approximately eightfold increases over control values after 24 h. The elevation in GABA levels leads to a time-dependent and coincident fall in glutamate decarboxylase and cysteine-sulfinate decarboxylase activities, to approximately 50% of control values. On the other hand, in the retina GABA levels only increase to a plateau level two- to threefold that of control after inactivation of GABA-transaminase. Furthermore, although the glutamate decarboxylase activity decreases to about 50% of control values, cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase activity is not affected. These studies show that the processing of GABA in the retina differs from that in the brain, and that cysteinesulfinate and glutamate decarboxylase activity probably reside in different enzyme molecules in the retina, although they may reside in the same enzyme in the brain. PMID- 7119786 TI - Biosynthesis of biopterin by rat brain. AB - A method for the determination of [14C]biopterin biosynthesis from [14C]guanosine 5'-triphosphate by a desalted preparation from rat striatum, based on sequential reverse-phase and cation-exchange high performance liquid chromatography, is described. Synthesis of reduced forms of biopterin by this striatal extract was found to be dependent on enzymatic activity, guanosine-5'-triphosphate, magnesium ions, and a reduced pyridine nucleotide. As demonstrated by the technique of isotope dilution, isotope trapping, 6-lactyl-7,8-dihydropterin (sepiapterin) was found to be an intermediate in biopterin biosynthesis that is catalyzed by the striatal extract. Rat brain was also shown to synthesize biopterin in vivo from intraventricularly administered [14C]guanosine or sepiapterin. Intraventricular injection of sepiapterin increased dihydro- and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin levels in rat brain by more than eightfold. The temporal relationship between the appearance of dihydro- and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin following intraventricular injection of sepiapterin suggests that dihydrobiopterin is the immediate product of sepiapterin reduction which is then reduced further to the functional cofactor 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin. Therefore, in contrast to previous reports, the biosynthesis of biopterin by rat brain does not appear to differ from that occurring in other, nonneural tissues. PMID- 7119787 TI - Maternal Dietary fat and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the developing foetal rat brain. AB - Female rats were fed purified diets containing 10% safflower oil, which is high in linoleic acid, from approximately 2 weeks prior to mating until the 14th day of gestation. They were then fed purified diets containing safflower oil, soybean oil (containing linoleic and linolenic acids), or hydrogenated coconut oil (essential fatty acid deficient). On days 16, 18, and 21 of gestation, foetuses were removed by caesarean section and the brains were subjected to fatty acid analysis. By day 16 of gestation, the ethanolamine glycerophospholipids and combined serine-inositol glycerophospholipids were rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly arachidonic acid. Between days 16 and 21 of gestation, there was a marked increase in the C22-polyunsaturated acids in these glycerophospholipids, with 22:5n-6 deposited in foetuses from dams fed safflower or coconut oils and 22:6n-3 deposition occurring in the soybean oil group; the effects of essential fatty acid deficiency in this period were minimal. A similar pattern was evident in the choline glycerophospholipids but this fraction contained less of the polyunsaturated acids. The data are consistent with increased placental transfer of highly unsaturated fatty acids or increased foetal synthesis of these compounds during the last week of gestation, with the actual fatty acid pattern reflecting the dietary fat available to the dam. PMID- 7119788 TI - Multiple molecular forms of dopamine beta-hydroxylase in the C1300 mouse neuroblastoma tumor and in the serum of tumor-bearing mice. AB - The distribution of the enzymatic activity of dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) in linear sucrose gradients was studied for a soluble fraction of the C1300 mouse neuroblastoma tumor, for the serum of tumor-bearing A/J mice, and for adrenal tissue and serum of control mice. In controls (adrenal gland and serum of A/J mice), about 75% of the DBH activity was associated with a high-molecular-weight form, denoted as DBHA, with an apparent sedimentation coefficient of 11.3 S. About 25% of the DBH activity was attributable to a slower-sedimenting species (7.1 S), denoted as DBHB. In tumor supernatants and in the serum of tumor-bearing mice, about 55% of the DBH activity was present as the 7.1 S species (DBHB), while only 35% was recovered as the high-molecular-weight form (DBHA). Approximately 5% of the activity could be attributed to a separate form, with a sedimentation coefficient of about 4.5 S. This form is designated DBHC. The ratio DBHB/DBHA is significantly higher in tumor tissue and in serum of tumor-bearing mice than in controls. The three enzymically active forms of DBH in the C1300 tumor are considered to represent the tetrameric (DBHA), dimeric (DBHB), and monomeric (DBHC) forms of the enzyme. PMID- 7119789 TI - Concentrations of GABA and other amino acids in CSF from torsion dystonia patients. AB - Free amino acid concentrations were measured by conventional amino acid analysis, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentrations were determined, by an ion exchange fluorometric technique, in CSF specimens from 16 patients with torsion dystonias and in CSF from a large number of control subjects. The mean CSF GABA concentration of the dystonia patients (97 +/- 11 nmol/L) did not differ significantly from the means for CSF GABA in two groups of adult control subjects. Mean concentrations of all commonly determined amino compounds were normal in the CSF of torsion dystonia patients, except for ornithine, which was modestly but significantly reduced. PMID- 7119790 TI - Analysis by transfer electrophoresis of reactivity of IgG with brain proteins in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7119791 TI - Cyclocreatine phosphate, an analogue of creatine phosphate, does not improve hypoxic tolerance in mice. AB - Dietary cyclocreatine has been reported to increase brain high-energy stores in mice and to prolong the generation and utilization of these stores following decapitation. A possible cerebral protective action after 50 days of dietary cyclocreatine 0.5 and 1.0% was therefore examined in mice. Cyclocreatine 0.5% did not increase survival time during hypoxia (5% O2). Cyclocreatine 1.0% in the absence of hypoxia caused significant mortality and decreased weight in survivors despite prophylactic antibiotic treatment. Dietary cyclocreatine offers no cerebral protection against hypoxia in mice. PMID- 7119792 TI - Purification and characterization of posterior pituitary calmodulin and its activation of neurosecretosome Ca2+ + Mg2+-ATPase activities. AB - Calmodulin was isolated as an electrophoretically homogeneous protein from bovine posterior pituitary glands. The yield indicated that this gland is a particularly rich source. Purified bovine posterior pituitary calmodulin and bovine brain calmodulin had identical electrophoretic mobilities on 10% and 12% polyacrylamide gels. The protein was further identified by molecular weight determination and by amino acid analysis which showed that it contained trimethyllysine, one residue per molecule. Bovine posterior pituitary calmodulin was found to activate a preparation of calmodulin-deficient phosphodiesterase from bovine heart. In addition, pituitary calmodulin stimulated Ca+ + Mg2+-ATPase activity associated with a purified nerve ending plasma membrane fraction. This dependence could only be demonstrated after successive washing of the membranes with EGTA buffers, a procedure designed to remove endogenous calmodulin. PMID- 7119793 TI - Density-dependent changes in gangliosides and sialidase activity of murine neuroblastoma cells. AB - Density-dependent changes in ganglioside composition, Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (VCN)-susceptible sialyl residues, and membrane-associated sialidase activity were determined for the cholinergic murine neuroblastoma cell line S20Y. A decrease in total ganglioside sialic acid and VCN-releasable sialic acid was observed with increasing cell density. GM3 was the major ganglioside component of preconfluent S20Y cells, whereas GD1a was predominant in postconfluent cells. Sialidase activity increased in confluent and postconfluent cells and may account for the reduction in total ganglioside sialic acid observed with increasing cell density. In contrast, while adrenergic N115 cells showed a decrease in VCN-susceptible sialic acid residues with increasing cell density, there was no significant change in ganglioside composition or ganglioside sialic acid levels. PMID- 7119794 TI - Products of cultured neuroglial cells. III. Release of an 85,000 molecular weight glycoprotein by C6 glioma cells in vitro. AB - With [3H]fucose as a marker, C6 glioma cells in culture released an 85,000 molecular weight molecule into the medium as the major extracellular glycoprotein. The quantity and extracellular/cytoplasmic ratio of this glycoprotein suggest that its cellular processing is different from that of five other released glycoproteins of molecular weights 55,000, 115,000, 130,000, 150,000, and 170,000. Nearly 40% of newly synthesized glycoproteins in the cells was released into the culture medium. Major glycoproteins retained by the cells migrated electrophoretically to molecular weight positions of 82,000, 110,000, 120,000, 140,000, and 160,000, and approximately one-third of these returned glycoproteins were labile to trypsinization. Both synthesis and release of these macromolecules were inhibited more than 95% with cycloheximide treatment, demonstrating that nearly all fucosylation was linked to protein synthesis. Since 40% of all glycoproteins was released under conditions of more than 99% cellular viability, it is likely that these extracellular glycoproteins are physiological products of membrane turnover and secretion, but not of cell lysis. The results provide a basis for the further study of glial differentiation and of shed glioma antigens. PMID- 7119795 TI - Gamma-aminobutyric acid can both inhibit and facilitate dopamine release in the caudate nucleus of the rabbit. AB - Slices from rabbit caudate nucleus were preincubated with [3H]dopamine and then superfused and stimulated electrically. gamma-Aminobutyric acid (10-4) and 10(-3) mol/L increased both the basal and the stimulation-evoked overflow of tritium. The effects were not changed by picrotoxin and were only slightly reduced by bicuculline. In the presence of nipecotate 10(-3) mol/L, gamma-aminobutyric acid decreased rather than enhanced the basal and the evoked overflow. The inhibition persisted in the presence of bicuculline. Muscimol did not affect, whereas baclofen decreased, the evoked overflow of tritium. Similar results obtained with synaptosomes that were stimulated by 30 mmol/L K+. The results indicate that gamma-aminobutyric acid can both facilitate and depress the release of dopamine. Facilitation occurs after entry of gamma-aminobutyric acid into the dopaminergic terminal axons, whereas inhibition if probably mediated by a receptor site located in the membrane of these terminals. PMID- 7119796 TI - Competitive inhibition of gamma-aminobutyric acid synaptosomal uptake by 4-(4' azidobenzoimidylamino)butanoic acid. AB - 4-(4'-Azidobenzoimidylamino)butanoic acid (ABBA) is a potent inhibitor of rat brain synaptosomal [3H]gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake. Ki values were calculated to be 8 microM and 16 microM with respect to the high-affinity and the low affinity uptake processes. These values are of the same order as those reported for nipecotic acid and guvacine, which until now have been the most potent uptake inhibitors available. Since ABBA contains a phenyl group, it might be capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier, thus becoming a useful GABA mimetic. PMID- 7119799 TI - The functional significance of the pentose phosphate pathway in synaptosomes: protection against peroxidative damage by catecholamines and oxidants. AB - Catecholamines added in vitro in rat brain synaptosomes activate the decarboxylation of glucose radioactively labelled on carbon 1, suggesting an effective activation of the pentose phosphate pathway. Stimulation also occurred with phenazine methosulphate, reduced glutathione and hydrogen peroxide. The activation of the pentose phosphate pathway by 5-hydroxytryptamine, noradrenaline and dopamine is ascribed to the activation of monoamine oxidase, producing both the respective biogenic aldehyde and hydrogen peroxide. Evidence is presented that the further metabolism of the aldehyde by aldehyde reductase and the removal of hydrogen peroxide by glutathione peroxidase both release the limitation of NADP+ availability for the pentose phosphate pathway by leading to the oxidation of NADPH. The relevance of the maintenance of reduced NADP+ on brain is discussed in relation to the metabolism of glutathione and to lipid peroxidation. PMID- 7119797 TI - S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase levels in rat retina during postnatal development. AB - S-Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase from rat retina is similar to that isolated from other rat tissues with regard to kinetic parameters, pH optimum, putrescine requirement, and sensitivity to spermine. The enzymic activity increases during the first 7 days of postnatal life but decreases until the 20th day. After this period AdoMet decarboxylase activity increases, to reach the highest values at the 90th day. This behavior suggests that such enzymic activity is responsible for spermidine and spermine levels in rat retina and that a high content of retinal spermine might have a role in the photoreceptor outer segment renewal. PMID- 7119798 TI - Effects of nutritional rehabilitation on the content and lipid composition of brain gray and white matter of neonatally undernourished rats. AB - Neonatal undernutrition affects the content and lipid concentrations of gray and white matter. Nutritional rehabilitation reverses the deficit observed in gray matter. In the case of white matter the lipid concentration but not the content comes back to normal. PMID- 7119801 TI - Synaptic membrane antigens in developing rat brain cerebral cortex and cerebellum. PMID- 7119800 TI - Conjugated dopamine in superfusates of slices of rat striatum. AB - An acid-hydrolyzable conjugate of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine (dopamine, DA) was detected in superfusates from slices from rat striatum. The concentrations of endogenous free and conjugated DA, and of the acid metabolites (3,4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid [DOPAC] and homovanillic acid [HVA]) in superfusates were measured using HPLC with electrochemical detection. Conjugated DA in superfusates represented 10-20% of the free DA under basal conditions and during release evoked by p-tyramine (5 X 10(-6) M to 5 X 10(-4) M); much smaller amounts of conjugated DA overflowed into superfusate when DA was released by equimolar concentrations of beta-phenylethylamine. Surprisingly, inhibition of monoamine oxidase by the inhibitors N-methyl-N-propargyl-3-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propylamine hydrochloride (clorgyline) or N-methyl-N-2-propynylbenylamine (pargyline) had little effect on the amounts of conjugated DA present in superfusate. Under basal conditions, the amounts of conjugated DA in superfusate were always less than the amounts of DOPAC but quite similar to the amounts of HVA. However, during release of DA evoked by p-tyramine the concentrations of conjugated DA in superfusate showed much more pronounced increases than those of the acidic metabolites. PMID- 7119802 TI - [3H]dopamine labeling of D3 dopaminergic sites in human, rat, and calf brain. AB - The binding of [3H]dopamine to brain regions of calf, rat, and human was investigated. The calf caudate contained the highest density of [3H]dopamine binding sites, with a Bmax value of 185 fmol/mg protein, whereas rat and human striatum contained one-third this number of sites. The KD values for [3H]dopamine in all tissues were 2-3 nM. Dopaminergic catecholamines (dopamine, apomorphine, 6,7-dihydroxy-2-aminotetralin, and N-propylnorapomorphine) inhibited the binding of [3H]dopamine in all three species, at low concentrations, with IC50 values of 1.5 to 6 nM. Neuroleptics, in contrast, inhibited the binding at high concentrations (with IC50 values of 200 to 40,000 nM). The [3H]dopamine binding sites were saturable, heat-labile, and detectable only in dopamine-rich brain regions; these sites differed from D2 dopamine sites (labeled by [3H]butyrophenone neuroleptics), and from D1 dopamine sites (labeled by [3H]thioxanthene neuroleptics) associated with the dopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase. We have, therefore, called these high-affinity [3H]dopamine binding sites D3 sites. [3H]Apomorphine and [3H]ADTN also appeared to label D3 sites. These ligands however, were less selective than [3H]dopamine, and labeled sites other than D3 as well. Assay conditions were important in determining the parameters of [3H]dopamine binding. The optimum conditions for selective labeling of the D3 dopaminergic sites, using [3H]dopamine, required the presence of EDTA and ascorbate. PMID- 7119803 TI - Differential effects of long-term electroconvulsive shock on brain levels of enkephalin and humoral-endorphin. AB - Electroconvulsive shock (ECS) administrations repeated for 10 consecutive days cause an elevation in the opioid content of the rat brain. Two different endogenous opioids, enkephalin and humoral-endorphin, undergo independent changes that differ in both their time course and intracerebral localization. These metabolic changes parallel long-term behavioral modifications such as the development and dissipation of tolerance to the analgesic effect of ECS. The activation of two different, independent, endogenous opioid systems by ECS is in agreement with previous behavioral and pharmacological studies. PMID- 7119804 TI - Cerebral glutamic acid decarboxylase activity and gamma-aminobutyric acid concentrations in mice susceptible or resistant to audiogenic seizures. AB - DBA/2 mice between 21 and 28 days of age are highly susceptible to sound-induced seizures. Drug studies suggest a possible deficit of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated neurotransmission may be involved. We have measured the whole brain GABA concentration and glutamic acid decarboxylase activity in DBA/2 mice at various ages before, during, and after the period of maximal susceptibility to audiogenic seizures. Corresponding determinations were carried out on age-matched TO mice, a strain much less susceptible to audiogenic seizures than DBA/2 mice at all ages. No significant differences in GABA concentration or glutamic acid decarboxylase activity were found between strains at any age. The susceptibility of DBA/2 mice to audiogenic seizures does not result from a gross inability to synthesise or store GABA. PMID- 7119805 TI - Chronic manganese treatment of rats alters synaptosomal uptake of dopamine and the behavioural response to amphetamine administration. PMID- 7119806 TI - Constitutents of Magnolia Grandiflora. III. Toxic principle of the wood. AB - The alcoholic extract of the wood of Magnolia grandiflora exhibited toxicity to mice when injected by the ip route. The toxic principle was found to be a phenolic quaternary alkaloid and was obtained as a colorless crystalline solid. Analytical and spectral data showed that it was identical with menisperine (also called chakranine and isocorydinium cation) which has not been previously isolated from the genus Magnolia. PMID- 7119807 TI - Antitumor agents 57. The isolation and structural elucidation of microhelenin-E, a new antileukemic nor-pseudoguaianolide, and microhelenin-F from Helenium microcephalum. AB - Two new nor-pseudoguaianolides, microhelenin-E (1) and -F (2), were isolated from Texas Helenium microcephalum and their structures elucidated on the basis of physicochemical data and spectral evidence. Microhelenin-E demonstrated significant in vitro and in vivo cytotoxic and antileukemic activities against KB tissue cell culture (ED50 = 1.38 microgram/ml) P-388 lymphocytic leukemia growth in BDF1 male mice (T/C-166% at 8 mg/kg/day), respectively. PMID- 7119808 TI - Structure-activity relations of polyfunctional diterpenes of the daphnane type. I. Revised structure for resiniferatoxin and structure-activity relations of resiniferonol and some of its esters. AB - Base catalyzed transesterifications of resiniferatoxin afforded the 9, 13, 14 orthophenylacetate (III), as well as (4-hydroxy-3-methyoxyphenyl) acetic acid methyl ester (II). Reesterification of III with homovanillic acid showed that the previously proposed structure for resiniferatoxin has to be revised to resiniferonol-9, 13, 14-orthophenylacetate-20-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) acetate (I). From III, different 20 esters (I, IV-IX) were prepared. The orthophenylacetate III was cleaved by Acidic hydrolysis to yield the 14 phenylacetate X. Subsequent alkaline transesterifications of X afforded the parent alcohol resiniferonol (XI), Starting from XI, the 14, 20-diesters XII and XV and the 9, 13, 20-diesters xii and XV and the 9, 13, 14-orthoesters XIII, XIV, XVI, XVII and XVIII were obtained. All esters were tested for irritant activity on the mouse ear. Some aspects of structure-activity relations of irritancy of resiniferonol esters are established and discussed. PMID- 7119810 TI - Cytotoxic agent from Senecio anonymus wood. PMID- 7119809 TI - Biologically active pyrrolizidine alkaloids from the true forget-me-not, Myosotis scorpioides. PMID- 7119811 TI - Interictal behaviour in hospitalised temporal lobe epileptics: relationship to idiopathic psychiatric syndromes. AB - Temporal lobe epileptics undergoing psychiatric hospitalisation were contrasted with patients suffering idiopathic psychiatric syndromes or other epilepsies. Quantitative ratings from blind interviews conducted according to a protocol confirmed the appearance of a statistically distinctive behavioural profile, including the desire for social affiliation, circumstantiality, religious and philosophic interests, and deepened affects, among the temporal lobe epileptics. PMID- 7119812 TI - Evoked potential changes in clinically definite multiple sclerosis: a two year follow up study. AB - Visual, spinal and somatosensory evoked potentials were performed on 56 patients with clinically definite multiple sclerosis at the beginning and end of a 2 1/2 year follow-up period. At the initial examination one or both visual evoked potentials were abnormal in all but nine patients (84%), five of whom had abnormalities of either spinal or somatosensory evoked responses; that is, one or more abnormal results were obtained from 52 of 56 (91%) patients. At the final examination there were abnormalities of one or more evoked potentials in 55 of the 56 (98%) patients. There was an increase in latency of the components of the evoked responses over the period; reduction in latency in individual patients was exceptional. The change in these electrophysiological measurements correlated with the increase in clinical disability of the group of patients over the period of study. PMID- 7119813 TI - Congenital neuromuscular disease with type I fibre hypotrophy, ophthalmoplegia and myofibril degeneration. AB - We report a 7-year-old boy with progressive, early onset somatic and cranial muscle weakness associated with external ophthalmoplegia, facial weakness, type I fibre hypotrophy and myofibril degeneration. We separate this condition from congenital fibre type disproportion because of the facial weakness, ophthalmoplegia, central nucleation, and lysis in type I fibres. The case, which is similar to that described by Bender and Bender (1977), nosologically should be classified between the centronuclear myopathies and congenital fibre type disproportion, and most likely represents a congenital or neonatal disturbance of trophic interaction between nerve and muscle. PMID- 7119814 TI - Stretch reflexes of triceps surae in normal man. AB - In order to learn more about stretch reflex behaviour of triceps surae, normal human subjects sat in a chair with one foot on a platform attached to a torque motor that produced phasic dorsiflexion displacements on the ankle. EMG activity was recorded from triceps surae and responses were obtained for various conditions. When the subjects's foot was relaxed, stretch of triceps surae produced a single EMG component at short-latency which increased in magnitude with increasing velocity of stretch. The response was not altered if the subject was asked to plantarflex or dorsiflex the ankle voluntarily when he felt the perturbation. It was reduced by vibration of the Achilles tendon. If the triceps surae was stretched while the subject plantarflexed his ankle, the short-latency response was followed by one and sometimes two long-latency responses. Like the short-latency reflex when the foot was relaxed, none of these responses was altered by the subject's planned movement after feeling the perturbation. All of the responses were suppressed to a similar degree by vibration. The long-latency reflexes depended on long-duration of stretching and relatively slow acceleration of stretch. The reflexes persisted after anaesthesia to the foot suggesting that muscle afferents were responsible. Interactions between H-reflexes and stretch reflexes revealed that the afferent volley producing a stretch reflex acted like the afferent volley producing a small H-reflex. Responses at an interval of 30 ms to both an electrical stimulus for an H-reflex and a stretch stimulus were possible if the electrical stimulus produced only a small H-reflex and if the subject had been plantarflexing the ankle. The short-latency reflex when the foot was relaxed or exerting a background force appears to be the monosynaptic, Ia mediated stretch reflex. The physiological properties of the long latency reflexes are similar to those of the short-latency reflex, and they may represent, at least to a certain extent, response of the motor neuron pool to successive Ia bursts. PMID- 7119815 TI - Contribution of tonic vibration reflex to the evaluation and diagnosis of cerebellar disorders. AB - Biceps brachii tonic vibration reflexes were elicited in patients with either focal or diffuse cerebellar damage and spino-cerebellar degenerations. As compared to normal controls, tonic vibration reflex amplitude was reduced in cerebellar patients, particularly in cases with unilateral hemispheric lesion, who exhibited a clear cut tonic vibration reflex asymmetry even when clinical symptoms were mild. These reflexes were absent or very weak in patients with spino-cerebellar degenerations. Muscle vibration induced in most of the patients an enhancement of mild or latent clinical symptoms such as intention tremor, difficulty in muscle relaxation or motor incoordination. PMID- 7119816 TI - Lower limb cutaneous polysynaptic reflexes in the child, according to age and state of waking or sleeping. AB - An electromyographic study of reflex responses elicited by stimulation of an area of skin in the lower limb was undertaken in awake or sleeping children from 3 days to 3 years of age. Recordings were made on the tibialis anterior and the short head of the femoral biceps. In the awake child, electrical stimulation of the cutaneous area around the toes evoked polysynaptic discharges (R II and R III) in both muscles. From birth to one year of age, the threshold for the tibialis anterior was much lower than for the short head of biceps, and the flexion reflex pattern predominated. After 20 months of age, the recruitment pattern for polysynaptic responses was different: the threshold for tibialis anterior increased and became higher than for the short head of biceps, as in the adult. In sleeping children, the most striking feature was the depression of R II responses. In non-REM sleep, R III responses also were depressed, with a similar threshold in both muscles, and even disappeared during deep sleep. In REM sleep, R III responses were present in babies, but seemed to be abolished in older children. PMID- 7119817 TI - Conditions that affect the thresholds of the components of the eyeblink reflex in humans. AB - The threshold stimulus intensities for elicitation of the two EMG components of the eyeblink reflex were determined in human subjects under different conditions. In the first experiment subjects sat with eyelids open and were not warned about reflex elicitation. The threshold of R1 was substantially greater than that of R2. In four additional experiments subjects (a) triggered the eliciting stimulus, (b) were warned about the arrival of each stimulus, (c) had a conditioning stimulus presented before reflex elicitation, and (d) had their eyelids closed at the time of stimulus delivery. The conditions of these subsequent experiments reduced the difference between the reflex thresholds largely by lowering the R1 threshold. These results indicate that variations in the testing environmental contribute to the discrepancy between our data showing unequal threshold for elicitation of the R1 and R2 components and other reports showing equal thresholds. The results are also another illustration of the ability of complex psychological events to selectively affect different reflex pathways. PMID- 7119818 TI - Haematocrit, hypertension and smoking in patients with transient ischaemic attacks and in age and sex matched controls. AB - The blood pressure, smoking habit and haemotocrit of 154 patients with transient ischaemic attacks and 191 age-and sex-matched neurological controls were studied. Regression analysis revealed that the haematocrit value was related to both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and to smoking. Smoking elevated the haematocrit by 1.9 +/- 0.59 in males and by 2.18 +/- 0.68 in females. When these associations were allowed for there was still evidence of a higher haematocrit in patients with transient ischaemic attacks (plus 1.44 +/- 0.56 in males and 0.75 +/- 0.75 in females p less than 0.02). The role of an elevated haematocrit in the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular disease and its management are briefly discussed. PMID- 7119819 TI - Forearm exercise increases plasma hypoxanthine. AB - Plasma hypoxanthine was measured in three normal subjects during aerobic forearm exercise. The comparative increase of hypoxanthine greatly exceeded that of ammonia or lactate. It is proposed that hypoxanthine production reflects ATP breakdown in muscle. The test may prove useful in the investigation of patients with metabolic muscle disease. PMID- 7119820 TI - Stroke as an early manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Both stroke and transient cerebral ischaemic attacks occurring in younger patients may be due to systemic lupus erythematosus. Other clinical features of the disease may be absent. Initially the ESR may be normal, as may serological tests. Seizures may occur at or near the time of the vascular events. Systemic lupus erythematosus may be the cause of an asymptomatic cerebral infarct or multi infarct dementia. PMID- 7119821 TI - A simple apparatus to assess cutaneous thermal sensitivity. AB - A simple contact stimulator designed to provide quantitative assessments of thermal sensitivity of digital skin is described. The skin is tested at its normal resting temperature and thermal thresholds are given as the least differences in temperature between the skin and the stimulator which give rise to warm or cool sensations. PMID- 7119822 TI - Heroin myelopathy. PMID- 7119823 TI - Transient unilateral mydriasis with basilar aneurysm. PMID- 7119825 TI - Brachial plexus lesion complication sternotomy. PMID- 7119824 TI - Recurrent cerebral abscess in association with pulmonary arteriovenous fistulae. PMID- 7119826 TI - Smoking and Parkinson's disease. AB - In a case control study of the relationship between smoking habits and Parkinson's disease a negative association was demonstrated with a relative risk of 0 x 52. A history of smoking up to 20 years earlier was associated with a risk of developing Parkinson's disease equal to about half that in non-smokers. The type of disease, age of onset and rate of progression were associated with a similar reduction in risk implying that in respect of smoking history the disease is homogeneous. The positive correlation of degenerative vascular disease with smoking is further evidence that arteriosclerosis is not involved in the causation of Parkinson's disease. The negative association between Parkinson's disease and smoking is confirmed and is independent of other associated factors. The known and serious risks of smoking far outweigh the possible benefit of lowered risk of Parkinson's disease. PMID- 7119828 TI - Spatial disorientation in right-hemisphere infarction. AB - Spatial orientation was tested with the rod orientation test. The subjects were 40 normal controls and 68 brain-damaged patients with cerebral infarcts. Patients in whom the lesion included the post-rolandic region of the right hemisphere performed worse than controls or patients with lesions at other sites. Patients with an exclusively postrolandic (usually occipital) lesion showed higher error rates than patients with a combined prerolandic and postrolandic lesion, but only for the visual part of the test. These patients were re-examined one year after the stroke. Most of them showed an incomplete recovery of spatial function. PMID- 7119827 TI - Akinesia in Parkinsonism. Relation between spontaneous movement (other than tremor) and voluntary movements made on command. AB - In eleven patients with Parkinsonism there was a strong inverse relationship between the frequency of spontaneous activity of the arms and the degree of fatiguing of repetitive finger movements made upon command. The prevalence of spontaneous arm movement was related inversely (but more weakly) to the time taken to complete a pegboard test or to move clothespegs by hand; it had little association with the speed of linear movement or with simple motor reaction time involving the arm. PMID- 7119832 TI - A case of receptive amusia with prominent timbre perception defect. AB - A patient with a right temporal lesion is described who, in recognising sounds and noises, complained of deficits which seemed to be most evident when sounds and noises could be recognised mainly by timbre whereas no deficit was noticed when pitch and rhythm were the main indicators. In addition, some global distortions in musical appreciation were complained of and described as "resonance" or "loss of aesthetic pleasure". PMID- 7119830 TI - "Mitochondrial myopathy" or mitochondrial disease? EEG, ERG, VEP studies in 13 children. AB - Neurophysiological investigations (EEG, ERG, VEP) were carried out in 13 patients with proven "mitochondrial myopathy". There were nine girls and four boys. Varied abnormalities were seen in the EEGs of all cases, and in one patient unusual repetitive bursts of irregular slow waves and spikes were observed. The ERG was abnormal in five of the 12 cases tested, while the VEP (flash) was definitely abnormal in six out of these 12 cases. These neurophysiological findings suggest some involvement of both the brain and the visual system. It seem therefore appropriate that this condition be considered a "mitochondrial disease" affecting many systems rather than only muscles. PMID- 7119831 TI - Electrophysiologic recordings in a patient with a discrete unilateral thalamic infarction. AB - The electroencephalogram, and somatosensory and auditory evoked potentials were recorded from a patient, who, at necropsy, showed a restricted unilateral thalmic infarct involving predominantly the anterior and lateral thalamus. The electroencephalogram showed distinct monomorphic delta activity and a suppression of the alpha rhythm over the side of the lesion. Short latency somatosensory evoked potentials were present bilaterally; mid-latency somatosensory evoked potentials were absent ipsilateral to the lesion. Both mid-latency and long latency auditory evoked potentials were normal. PMID- 7119829 TI - Neurological involvement in legionellosis. AB - A study of the clinical, electrophysiological and biochemical features of 16 patients with legionellosis has been performed. Evidence of central and peripheral nervous system involvement has been found in the majority of patients. This is characterised by confusion out of keeping with the degree of toxic or metabolic upset, signs of anterior midline cerebellar dysfunction, grossly elevated creatinine kinase of skeletal muscle origin, and a subclinical peripheral neuropathy. PMID- 7119833 TI - Periodic EEG complexes in infectious mononucleosis encephalitis. AB - The presence of periodic EEG complexes in patients with an acute viral encephalitis is generally held to suggest that infection is due to herpes simplex. We now report a patient with clinical and laboratory findings of infectious mononucleosis, and neurologic involvement manifested by lymphocyte meningitis, coma, seizures, aphasia, hemiparesis and hemianopsia. Serial EEGs showed periodic, predominantly left-sided slow wave complexes occurring every 4 to 5 seconds, which disappeared with clinical resolution of the illness. In view of our findings and the similar findings reported previously by others in another case of infectious mononucleosis encephalitis, an EEG showing periodic complexes in the clinical setting of acute viral encephalitis should not be considered pathognomonic of herpes encephalitis, and infectious mononucleosis should be included in the differential diagnosis. PMID- 7119834 TI - Concurrent Bell's palsy and diabetes mellitus: a diabetic mononeuropathy? AB - In a series of 126 patients with Bell's palsy, chemical or overt diabetes mellitus was found in 39% of the cases. A high frequency of disturbances of taste was found in the patients who had no diabetes (83%), as compared to only 14% of diabetic patients whose taste was affected (p less than 0 .001). Thus, the usual site of facial nerve lesion in diabetics appears to be distal to the chorda tympani, while in patients whose glucose tolerance is normal, no such selectivity exists. This may only be explained by a diabetes-related pathogenesis and a vascular rather than a generalised "metabolic" impairment is postulated, leading to a localised facial nerve ischaemia in the distal part of the Fallopian canal. Thus, some cases of Bell's palsy may in fact be a diabetic mononeuropathy. PMID- 7119835 TI - Multiple sclerosis in association with dialysis encephalopathy syndrome. PMID- 7119836 TI - Circling movements in human viral encephalitis. PMID- 7119837 TI - Opsoclonus in a confirmed case of St. Louis encephalitis. PMID- 7119838 TI - Receptive-field properties of neurons in the macaque inferior pulvinar. PMID- 7119839 TI - Decreased sprouting and degeneration of nerve terminals of active muscles in aged rats. PMID- 7119840 TI - Relationship between jaw movements and trigeminal motoneuron membrane-potential fluctuations during cortically induced rhythmical jaw movements in the guinea pig. PMID- 7119841 TI - Intracellular analysis of synaptic mechanisms controlling spontaneous and cortically induced rhythmical jaw movements in the guinea pig. PMID- 7119842 TI - Two representations of the hand in area 4 of a primate. II. Somatosensory input organization. PMID- 7119843 TI - Positive synaptic feedback in visual system of nudibranch mollusk Hermissenda crassicornis. PMID- 7119844 TI - Human visual orientation discrimination. PMID- 7119845 TI - Architectural, histochemical, and contractile characteristics of a unique biarticular muscle: the cat semitendinosus. PMID- 7119846 TI - Striate cortex of monkey and cat: contrast response function. PMID- 7119848 TI - Electrically evoked walking and fictive locomotion in the chick. PMID- 7119847 TI - A behavioral and electromyographic study of walking in the chick. PMID- 7119849 TI - Intraoral mechanoreceptor activity during jaw movement in the anesthetized rabbit. PMID- 7119850 TI - Interganglionic cerebral-buccal mechanoafferents of Aplysia: receptive fields and synaptic connections to different classes of neurons involved in feeding behavior. PMID- 7119851 TI - Contribution of y group of vestibular nuclei and dentate nucleus of cerebellum to generation of vertical smooth eye movements. PMID- 7119852 TI - Anterior parietal cortical topographic organization in macaque monkey: a reevaluation. PMID- 7119853 TI - Visuomotor deficits following ablation of monkey superior colliculus. PMID- 7119854 TI - Spatial and temporal sensitivity of normal and amblyopic cats. PMID- 7119856 TI - Afferent contributions to stretch-evoked myoelectric responses. AB - 1. Step torque perturbations were applied to flex or extend the wrists of normal human subjects who were instructed to restore the joint to its initial position as quickly as possible. The resulting electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded from the flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, and extensor carpi radialis. Experiments were performed under control and three altered conditions of the limb: 1) ischemia, 2) vibration, and 3) local ulnar nerve anesthesia. The effects of the procedures on the EMG responses in four poststimulus intervals- the myotatic (30-60 ms), late myotatic (60-120 ms), postmyotatic (120-200 ms), and stabilizing (200-400 ms)--were studied. 2. Ischemia was induced in the forearm by means of a sphygmomanometer cuff inflated to 150 mm of mercury around the upper arm. After about 20 min of ischemia the stretch-evoked EMG activity over the 30-60-ms and 60-120-ms intervals were abolished, while the longer latency responses persisted. 3. Vibration at frequencies between 50 and 120 Hz was applied to the tendon of the stretched muscle. Vibration consistently reduced the EMG activity only in the 30-60-ms interval. 4. The ulnar nerve was blocked near the elbow joint by local anesthetic. Varying degrees of block were obtained, from a mild sensory impairment to a complete block. At intermediate degrees of block, EMG activity in the 30-60-ms and 60-120-ms intervals were attenuated with little alteration in later responses. 5. The data are used to differentiate functionally the myoelectric responses evoked in four poststimulus time segments in the stretched muscle by step torque perturbations. PMID- 7119857 TI - Left-right cortical asymmetries of regional cerebral blood flow during listening to words. AB - 1. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured during rest and during listening to simple words. The xenon-133 intracarotid technique was used and results were obtained from 254 regions of seven right hemispheres and seven left hemispheres. The measurements were performed just after carotid angiography, carried out to exclude space occupying lesions. In all subjects the angiogram was normal. All were right handed. 2. Mean hemispheric blood flow of both left and right hemispheres increased 10% from the resting measurement during the listening task. This increase was due in part to activation of the entire hemisphere. The focal rCBF increases were localized to the superior part of the temporal regions, the prefrontal regions, the frontal eye fields, and the orbitofrontal regions. Significant asymmetries were found in particular in the superior temporal region with the left side showing a more widespread and intense increase, averaging 29% as compared to 18% on the right side. This left-sided dominance during verbal stimulation should be compared to the right-sided dominance of rCBF during nonverbal sound discrimination reported by Roland et al. (25, 26), who used precisely the same technique as in the present study. PMID- 7119858 TI - Somatotopic organization of hindlimb cutaneous nerve projections to cat dorsal horn. AB - 1. The dorsal horn lamina III-IV projections of 10 hindlimb nerves innervating most of the hindlimb have been studied in the cat using transganglionic transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The somatotopic organization of whole cutaneous nerve projections was largely in register with the somatotopic organization of dorsal horn cells. That is, nerves projected to areas of dorsal horn where their innervation fields overlap the receptive fields of dorsal horn cells. 2. However, long-ranging projections were observed that were more extensive than predicted from the somatotopy of dorsal horn cells: these long-ranging projections may reflect the presence of normally ineffective synapses (synapses that do not cause postsynaptic discharge during receptive-field mapping of dorsal horn cells,) or a misconception of dorsal horn cell somatotopy in S2 and caudal segments, or the existence of a functionally separate cell group in ventral lamina IV and lamina V of these segments. 3. The cutaneous innervation fields of homologous nerves possessed high bilateral symmetry, as did their lamina III-IV projection fields. The degree of separation or overlap of two cutaneous nerves' projection fields was predictable from the degree of separation or overlap of their cutaneous innervation fields. PMID- 7119855 TI - Myoelectric responses at flexors and extensors of human wrist to step torque perturbations. AB - 1. Torque-step perturbations were applied to flex or extend the wrists of normal human subjects. The electromyographic activity (EMG) of two of the stretched muscles, flexor carpi radialis and extensor carpi radialis, was monitored. 2. Based on functional characteristics and temporal bursting patterns, the EMG responses were partitioned into four distinct temporal intervals : 30-60, 60-120, 120-200, and greater than 200 ms after the onset of the torque step. The last interval continues for the duration of the step input: 200- 400 ms was chosen to represent activity in this interval. 3. EMG responses in the first two intervals show short, stable latencies and amplitudes that depend on the level of muscle contraction prior to the torque step. They are facilitated by any instruction requiring a reaction by the subject. They are reflexes that cannot be voluntarily suppressed by instruction to the subject. 4. The third EMG response is a triggered response. It is not a reflex because its appearance or absence is absolutely under voluntary control. Unlike true voluntary responses, there exists no dichotomy in responses latency or variability between known versus unknown directions of torque steps. 5. We consider that a truly voluntary response to a torque perturbation does not begin until about 200 ms after the step, which is on the order of visual or auditory reaction times. 6. The EMG responses were similar in both the wrist flexor and extensor studied. Ankle flexors and extensors do not show such similarity. 7. The EMG responses at the wrist and ankle are compared and shown to have many similarities. A general scheme for their classification is discussed. PMID- 7119860 TI - Retinotopic organization of lateral eye input to Limulus brain. AB - 1. The retinotopic organization of retinal inputs from the lateral eye of Limulus to the optic ganglia of the brain was determined from microelectrode recordings of nerve impulses. 2. The central connections of the natural subunits of the lateral optic nerve were determined using cobalt impregnation of cut axons. 3. Complete retinal maps exist in both the lamina and medulla. The laminar map is a simple rotation and folding of the retinal array. The medullar map is more complex as a result of the combined effects of the chiasma and the basic subunit structure of the optic nerve, which is preserved in the lamina and medulla. 4. The chiasma between the lamina and medulla reverses the anterior-posterior axis of the retinal map. There is no corresponding reversal in the dorsal-ventral axis. PMID- 7119859 TI - Electrophysiology of medial terminal nucleus of accessory optic system in the cat. PMID- 7119861 TI - Projection pattern of functional components of thalamic ventrobasal complex on monkey somatosensory cortex. PMID- 7119862 TI - Thalamic basis of place- and modality-specific columns in monkey somatosensory cortex: a correlative anatomical and physiological study. PMID- 7119863 TI - Topographic coding of olfactory quality: odorant-specific patterns of epithelial responsivity in the salamander. AB - 1. Electrophysiological recordings were made on the ventral olfactory epithelium of the salamander Ambystoma tigrinum in order to investigate whether individual odorants can elicit unique patterns of receptor neuron responses. 2. Slow transepithelial voltage transients, Veog(-), were recorded from 30 sites on each epithelium. For each odorant a topographic pattern was derived from the Veog(-) amplitudes across the 30 recording sites. 3. Nine odorants were tested, each in seven animals, and topographic patterns of Veog(-) amplitudes were drawn for each animal. Due to the morphological variability among animals, the electrode sites for each animal were assigned to six epithelial regions for which responses were then compared by analysis of variance. 4. Odorant-specific regional differences in responsivity were observed. The odorants can be grouped according to the similarity of the topographic distributions of responses elicited by them. We observed that no two odorants elicited exactly the same response patterns. This suggests that olfactory receptor neurons with similar responses are grouped together in the same region of the epithelium. 5. Dramatic differences in responsivity among the various epithelial regions, irrespective of the test odorant, were also noted. This observation may be due to regional differences in receptor neuron density or overall sensitivity. 6. It is concluded that differences between the topographic distributions of receptor cell responses, elicited by the nine test odorants, permits these responses to be discriminated as unique patterns of information at the olfactory bulb. PMID- 7119864 TI - Discharge rate and excitability of cortically projecting intralaminar thalamic neurons during waking and sleep states. AB - Spontaneous firing and antidromically or synaptically evoked discharges of 89 single neurons in centralis lateralis-paracentralis (CL-Pc) intralaminar thalamic nuclei were examined during waking and sleep states in behaving cats with chronic pontine lesions. Twenty-four neurons were activated synaptically at short latencies from the midbrain reticular formation (MRF) after anterograde degeneration of passing fibers. Sixty-five neurons were identified antidromically as projecting to motor or parietal association cortical areas; of them, 23 also could be excited synaptically from the MRF. These neurons were regarded as possibly being involved in the transfer toward the neocortex of the tonic excitation from the MRF during EEG-desynchronized behavioral states. Rates of spontaneous discharge in CL-Pc neurons doubled from synchronized sleep (S) to either wakefulness (W) or desynchronized sleep (D). First order measures of discharge patterns indicated that interval modes in both W and D states (greater than 10 msec) are significantly different from those in S (2.5 msec). During S, the intervals found in the less than 5-msec class indicated the intraburst frequencies; a later minor mode (200 to 350 msec) reflected the interburst silent periods. All neurons tested for antidromic activation from cortical areas had enhanced responsiveness in both W and D states as compared to S sleep. In some cases, the enhanced antidromic excitability was observed in conjunction with a transformation from initial segment spikes during S to full spikes in EEG desynchronized states. During both W and D states, compared to S sleep, the probability of monosynaptically elicited single discharges to MRF stimulation was increased, and the latency and duration of high frequency bursts evoked by MRF volleys were shortened. We conclude that the features of cortically projecting intralaminar neurons that relay MRF activity fit in well with their hypothesized role in the tonic activation processes that characterize both W and D states. Several lines of evidence suggest that sustained hyperpolarization prevails in intralaminar neurons during S sleep. This is the basic prerequisite for thalamic bursting. The effect of long lasting inhibitory potentials in thalamic neurons provides a mechanism for closing sensory channels during S sleep. PMID- 7119865 TI - Nerve growth factor-induced increase in saxitoxin binding to rat PC12 pheochromocytoma cells. AB - The PC12 clone is a line of rat pheochromocytoma cells which undergoes neuronal differentiation in the presence of nerve growth factor (NGF) protein. In the absence of NGF, PC12 cells are electrically inexcitable, while after several weeks of NGF treatment, they develop sodium action potentials. The number and density of sodium channels on PC12 cells before and after treatment with NGF were estimated by measuring the binding of [3H]saxitoxin ([3H]STX). The data indicate that [3H]STX binding increases in the NGF-treated cells by 15- to 20-fold per cell, 3- to 10-fold per mg of protein, and an estimated 7-fold per unit area of membrane. The kinetic properties for [3H]STX binding are unchanged, however, by NGF treatment. A Hodgkin-Huxley analysis (Hodgkin, A. L., and A. F. Huxley (1952) J. Physiol. (Lond.) 117: 500-544) suggests that the estimated density of sodium channels in NGF-untreated PC12 cells is sufficient to explain their lack of excitability. On the other hand, the estimated channel density on the NGF-treated cells (30 to 50/micrometers 2) is comparable to that in other excitable systems. Thus, the development of excitability in PC12 cells in response to NGF could be due to the induction of sodium channel synthesis. PMID- 7119866 TI - Estradiol receptor levels in rat hypothalamic and limbic nuclei. AB - The amount of cytoplasmic receptor for the steroid hormone, estradiol (E2), was determined in 46 nuclei and subdivisions of rat brain. Individual nuclei were removed from 300-micrometers frozen sections according to the punch-out method of Palkovits (Palkovits, M. (1973) Brain Res. 59: 449-450), and the content of E2 receptor was measured with a sensitive radioligand binding method. Cytoplasmic receptors for E2 were distributed heterogeneously throughout the rat brain. The highest level of receptor (40 fmol/mg of protein) was found in the periventricular nucleus of the preoptic area, while low (1 fmol/mg) but detectable levels of receptors were found in such limbic regions as the nucleus of the diagonal band, the olfactory tubercle, and the cingulate cortex. Regions that were devoid of detectable receptor included the medial septum, the parietal cortex, and the ventral thalamus. Our results support the notion that E2 influences reproductive behavior and neuroendocrine function by binding to receptors in discrete areas of the brain and provide the first quantitative map of E2 receptors in individual rat brain nuclei. PMID- 7119867 TI - Complete distribution patterns of neurons with characteristic antigens in the leech central nervous system. AB - Monoclonal antibodies were used to map the distribution of neurons in the leech which contain a particular antigen. This technique reveals the genetically determined variation in cell body distribution along the nerve cord. In addition, antibodies also reveal developmental deviations, such as the occurrence of supernumerary cell bodies. Three antibodies that bind either to single types or small sets of different neurons are used to construct complete distribution patterns of antigenically related cells. Three other antibodies are used to create cell body distribution maps of antigenically homologous primary mechanosensory cells responding to noxious or pressure stimulation which form a subset of the cells stained by the antibody. Furthermore, antibodies against the pressure cells helped in the location of two different specific antigens for the same identified nerve cell. PMID- 7119868 TI - Granule cell as a site of gene action in the weaver mouse cerebellum: evidence from heterozygous mutant chimeras. AB - Experimental mouse chimeras were used to determine the site(s) of gene action in the weaver mutant cerebellum. Chimeras containing mixtures of heterozygous weaver (wv/+) and non-weaver (+/+) cells were produced by the standard embryo aggregation technique. The non-weaver component of the chimera was chosen so that Purkinje cells or granule cells could be distinguished histologically from weaver Purkinje or granule cells. Levels of beta-glucuronidase activity were used to mark Purkinje cells, with the weaver strain having a high beta-glucuronidase activity, while the non-weaver strain had low beta-glucuronidase activity. The increased centralized clumping of heterochromatin in ichthyosis (ic) mutant mice compared to non-ic mice was used to mark granule cell populations. In the weaver chimera, there was a decreased cerebellar size, decreased numbers of Purkinje and granule cells, and increased ectopic Purkinje and granule cells compared to non weaver, control mice. With the glucuronidase cell marker, it was found that there was no correlation between ectopia and genotype; that is, genetically normal cells, as well as weaver cells, were found in ectopic positions. Thus, the weaver gene acts extrinsic to the Purkinje cells in creating the ectopia characteristic of heterozygous weaver mutants. Analysis of the ectopic granule cells, however, revealed that 100% of the ectopic granule cells were from the weaver component of the chimera. Thus, the weaver gene intrinsically affects granule cells in causing ectopia. Other hypothetical sites of gene action would produce a genetically mixed population of ectopic granule cells, which was not the case in this study. These findings are discussed in relation to other abnormalities in the heterozygous weaver mutant and in regard to the Bergmann glia and homozygous mutant. Finally, speculations on the nature of the granule cell deficit are discussed briefly. PMID- 7119869 TI - Cerebellar Purkinje cells are descended from a small number of progenitors committed during early development: quantitative analysis of lurcher chimeric mice. AB - Previous analysis of lurcher in equilibrium wild type aggregation chimeras revealed that the degeneration of cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) in lurcher mutants is due to a defect intrinsic to the PCs themselves. Thus, all of the PCs remaining in lurcher chimeric mice are descended from only the wild type embryo. In this study, we have determined the number of PCs in four lurcher chimeras and three wild type mice. The low number of wild type PCs (10,200) in half of the cerebellum of one chimera (chi 11) suggested that these cells might be descended from a single progenitor. This idea is strongly supported by the quantitative analysis of the PCs in the other animals. These numbers are integral multiples of the number of PCs in chi 11. We believe that each stepwise increase in the number of PCs in the chimeras is due to the addition of a single wild type cell to the progenitor pool. The existence of integral multiples implies that no other cells can contribute to the PC population after the progenitors become committed to forming PCs. We cannot know, however, whether the PC progenitors also give rise to other cell populations. The values of the integrals in wild type mice indicate that the entire PC population descends from a small number of progenitors (8 in C3H/HeJ mice). We calculate that these progenitors are committed during the neural plate to neural fold stage of development. Thus, the fate of the progenitors of the cerebellar PCs is restricted very early in neural development. PMID- 7119870 TI - Altered blood-nerve barrier in experimental lead neuropathy assessed by changes in endoneurial albumin concentration. PMID- 7119871 TI - Characterization of [3H]desipramine binding associated with neuronal norepinephrine uptake sites in rat brain membranes. AB - A variety of evidence indicates that [3H]desipramine can label neuronal norepinephrine uptake sites in brain membranes. Pretreatment of rat cerebral cortical membranes with 0.3 M KCl increases the ratio of high affinity to low affinity saturable [3H]desipramine binding. With this improved tissue preparation, we have confirmed our earlier observation that the high affinity [3H]desipramine binding component (KD = 2 to 4 nM) is associated with norepinephrine neuronal uptake sites. The potencies of various antidepressant drugs in reducing [3H]desipramine binding correlate with their inhibition of neuronal [3H]norepinephrine accumulation. Like the norepinephrine uptake system, high affinity [3H]desipramine binding is dependent both on sodium and chloride, with half-maximal stimulation by 10 mM chloride. Although bromide can substitute for chloride to stimulate binding, other anions, including iodide, fluoride, acetate, citrate, and phosphate, are inactive. Comparable sodium and anion regulation of [3H]imipramine binding to serotonin uptake recognition sites also is observed. The association of [3H]desipramine binding sites with neuronal norepinephrine uptake sites is supported further by the selective abolition of high affinity [3H]desipramine binding following the destruction of central norepinephrine neurons by intraperitoneal administration of DSP-4 (N-(2 chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine). In vitro incubation of cerebral cortical membranes with DSP-4 also selectively abolishes the high affinity [3H]desipramine binding, an effect which cannot be reversed by repeated washing of the membranes, suggesting that DSP-4 alkylates neuronal norepinephrine uptake sites. PMID- 7119872 TI - Auditory and visual maps of space in the optic tectum of the owl. AB - The receptive field properties and functional organization of visual and auditory responses were studied in the optic tectum of the barn owl (Tyto alba). Most units throughout the depth of the tectum responded to both visual and auditory stimuli. The entire visual field of each eye was represented topographically in the contralateral tectum. In the portion of the tectal map representing the zone of binocular vision, 50% of the superficial layer units and 100% of the deep; layer units were driven binocularly. The representation of the frontal binocular region of space was greatly expanded in the map; the average magnification factor was 3 times greater for the frontal binocular zone than for the monocular zone. The responses of the superficial and deep tectal units to auditory stimuli were space specific; they responded only when a sound source was located in a particular region of space, or receptive field, regardless of the intensity or type of sound used. Most auditory receptive fields contained a distinct "best area" where a sound source was most effective in driving the unit. Auditory space, as defined by receptive fields and best areas, was represented topographically in the tectum. The auditory and visual maps of space had the same orientations, positions, magnification factors, and termination coordinates at the anterior and dorsal edges of the tectum. Yet the maps lost their registry near the posterior and ventral margins where the most peripheral regions of space were represented. These characteristics suggest that the spatiotopic organization in the tectum is a compromise between a tendency for the space representations of different modalities to align and for the representation of each modality to fill the entire tectum. PMID- 7119873 TI - Extracts of electric lobe and electric organ from Torpedo californica increase the total number as well as the number of aggregates of chick myotube acetylcholine receptors. AB - Saline extracts prepared from the electric lobe, the electromotor nerves, and the electric organ (the electromotor system) of Torpedo californica increase the number of ACh receptors on uninnervated chick myotubes in culture, while extracts from T. californica liver or skeletal muscle do not. The extracts also increase the ACh sensitivity of treated myotubes, indicating that newly synthesized receptors are functional. The active substance(s) is heat sensitive but not trypsin sensitive. Gel filtration on Bio-Gel P-150 shows that the activity is associated with a peak of low (less than 5,000-dalton) molecular weight activity. Labeling studies with rhodamine-conjugated alpha-bungarotoxin show that, in addition to their effect on receptor number, these extracts also cause aggregation of prelabeled ACh receptors on the myotube surface. PMID- 7119875 TI - Spatial summation and conduction latency classification of cells of the lateral geniculate nucleus of macaques. AB - Cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the macaque monkey were investigated with microelectrodes in an attempt to develop an overall classification scheme. We classified cells in the parvocellular (P) and magnocellular (M) layers according to (non)linearity of spatial summation, shock latency, and chromatic organization of center and surround. We also measured the spatial and temporal tuning to counterphasing and drifting sine wave gratings and tested for periphery effects. Our results showed that no strict laminar segregation existed for any cell property studied. Our results can be summarized as follows: 1. Most P layer cells showed a linear summation (98%) and color opponent responses (80%), while other cells showed a nonlinear summation (Y cells, 2%) and broad band responses (28%). In contrast, 37% of the M layer cells were linear summators and the remainder were nonlinear. Therefore, there are overlapping distributions of X- and Y-cells in P and M layers but not a strict segregation. 2. P layer cells had longer shock latencies than M layer cells. X cells conducted more slowly (2.4 +/- 0.7 msec) than Y-cells (1.6 +/- 0.8 msec), but there were overlapping distributions. Latency shortened gradually, rather than abruptly, with increasing depth. 3. The first harmonic of X- and Y-cell responses was maximally sensitive to spatial frequencies of about 2 cycles/deg. Each type of cell modulated about a mean rate to a drifting grating, although Y cells had higher distortion than X-cells. Response amplitudes to drifting gratings were higher for MX- and MY- than for PX-cells. No DC elevation to high spatial frequencies was seen. Spatial bandwidths averaged 2 to 5 octaves. X-cells were maximally tuned to temporal frequencies around 11 Hz, and Y-cells were tuned to about 19 Hz;. temporal bandwidths for both averaged 2.8 octaves. 4. Periphery effects were detected in 4% of the X-cells and 25% of the Y-cells. 5. These data indicate that gradual changes occur between dorsal and ventral layers: summation changes from linear to nonlinear; conduction latencies shorten; peak temporal tuning increases; response amplitudes increase; the periphery effect becomes more prevalent. Spatial tuning does not change. No strict laminar segregation or specificity exists for any of the properties that we studied. PMID- 7119874 TI - Hippocampal resections impair associative learning and recognition memory in the monkey. AB - Damage to the hippocampus has been implicated in the permanent loss of memory in patients with medial temporal lobe resections. In two previous studies, it was established that bilateral ablations of the hippocampus in the monkey impaired performance on an associative learning task and on an object discrimination retention task. The two objectives of the present study were to assess the long term effects of hippocampal resections in the monkey and to extend the analysis of the effects of these resections to recognition memory. Therefore, the performance of monkeys with either hippocampal ablations or fornix transections, sustained 5 years earlier, was compared (1) on a concurrent discrimination task- a previously unencountered associative learning task--and (2) on a nonmatching-to sample recognition task with either delays interposed between the presentation of the sample object and the recognition trial or with lists of either 1-, 3-, 5-, or 10-object samples. Significant impairment on both tasks was found after hippocampal, but not after fornix, damage. Though monkeys in the hippocampal group were impaired on both delays and lists, the impairment was more severe on the lists, with abnormal sensitivity to pro- and retroactive interference as a possible source of difficulty. Thus, in parallel with clinical findings, ablations of the hippocampus in the nonhuman primate produce an enduring disruption of memory. PMID- 7119876 TI - Recovery of myelination in rat optic nerve after developmental retardation by cortisol. AB - Oligodendrocyte formation and myelination in the optic nerve of rats treated with cortisol on postnatal days 7 and 18 were investigated at 21 and 60 days by autoradiographic and morphometric methods. At 21 days, the amount of myelin in the optic nerve of treated rats was reduced by 42%. This reduction was accompanied by a 39% decrease in the number of myelinated axons. In addition, the myelin/axon area ratio was reduced 22% for those axons which were myelinated. At 60 days, the amount of myelin, the number of axons myelinated, the average axonal size, and the average amount of myelin per axon had completely recovered to normal values. Tritiated thymidine-labeling experiments showed that the genesis of oligodendrocytes was enhanced following the cessation of treatment. Since the number of oligodendrocytes in the optic nerve of treated rats was normal at 60 days, it is suggested that the retarding effect of cortisol on myelination in the optic nerve may be mediated, at least in part, by inhibited formation of oligodendrocytes during treatment. PMID- 7119877 TI - Regulation of calcium entry into the extracellular environment of the rat brain. AB - Since neuronal activity is critically related to both intra- and extracellular calcium ion concentrations, there must be a mechanism for regulating the transfer of calcium from the blood into the extracellular environment of the brain. The data presented here support the hypothesis that, within or close to the site of passive permeation of calcium in the choroid plexus, there is a calcium pump capable of recycling the filtered calcium back into the capillary circulation. This pump can be blocked by ruthenium red, a known inhibitor of active calcium transport. The activity of the calcium pump is shown to increase in proportion to the concentration of calcium in the cerebroventricular fluid. Its physiological role therefore would be to insure that the calcium concentration available to the brain will be maintained within a narrow range even in the presence of severe hypercalcemic states. PMID- 7119878 TI - The premotor cortex of the monkey. AB - The relationship of single unit activity to limb movements guided by visuospatial cues supports the view that the premotor cortex is a distinct cortical field within the somatic sensorimotor cortex. The premotor cortex is similar to the precentral motor cortex (MI) in that most of its units are clearly related to voluntary movements but differs from MI by its higher threshold for microstimulation-evoked movements, its cytoarchitecture, and the presence of a larger population of neurons with activity related to the occurrence of visuospatial signals rather than, or in addition to, the movement cued by those signals. PMID- 7119879 TI - Gallbladder visualization with technetium-99m glucoheptonate: concise communication. PMID- 7119880 TI - Effect of bolus composition on esophageal transit: concise communication. AB - The technique of esophageal scintigraphy was developed as a sensitive, quantitative, noninvasive test of esophageal transit. Esophageal scintigraphy was performed in 40 asymptomatic normal volunteers in order to determine the effect on esophageal transit of the following: body posture (sitting vs. supine), liquid vs. solid, the solid being either a standard #4 gelatin capsule of the size used for antibiotic capsules, or a cube of solid food such as cooked chicken liver. The results showed that liquids emptied completely from the esophagus after one swallow, whether supine or sitting. Capsules or liver cubes, when ingested without water, frequently remained in the esophagus for up to two hours without the subject's having any sensation that the solid had not left the esophagus. Both capsules and liver cubes cleared the esophagus better in the upright than in the supine position. When gelatin capsules were swallowed with as little as 15 ml of water, but after a preliminary sip of water, there was complete transit in each case. The study suggests that the practice of assisting patients into a sitting position and instructing them to take a sip of water before attempting to swallow a capsule will assure better transit of the capsule even when swallowed with as little as 15 ml of water. This may reduce the incidence of esophagitis following oral antibiotics, and of esophageal erosions from aspirin-containing medications. PMID- 7119882 TI - Scintigraphic detection of segmental bile-duct obstruction. AB - In a patient with acute obstructive jaundice, cholescintigraphy with technetium 99m-labeled iminodiacetic acid (HIDA) showed uniformly reduced uptake in the left lobe of the liver. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) demonstrated cholelithiasis and obstruction of the distal hepatic duct. Surgery, and later a T-tube cholangiogram, confirmed the presence of numerous stones in the left intrahepatic and common hepatic ducts. The liver was free of tumor. Intrahepatic segmental ductal obstruction may produce a spectrum of patterns on hepatobiliary imaging ranging from reduced uptake to intrahepatic pooling. PMID- 7119881 TI - Cardiac lymphoscintigraphy following closed-chest catheter injection of radiolabeled colloid into the myocardium of dogs: concise communication. AB - A catheter technique for injection of radiolabeled colloids into the myocardium was developed and tested in a series of 15 dogs. A multipurpose angiographic catheter was modified to permit an inner core of PE-50 polyethylene tubing, tipped with a 23-gage needle, to pass through the lumen for intra-myocardial injection of radiocolloids. For injection of the left ventricle, the catheter is introduced through the femoral artery: for the right ventricle, the femoral vein. The catheter advanced under fluoroscopy until the desired surface for injection is reached. The inner core is then extended to lodge the needle in the endocardium. A mixture of Renografin (to confirm the endocardial injection site) and radiolabeled colloid was injected in 13 animals. Ten minutes after injection, scintigraphy was begun and continued for up to 6 hr. In three dogs the procedure was repeated 3 or 4 times. From two to five nodes were visible in all animals, irrespective of whether the right or left ventricular myocardium was injected. In two animals the injection was given intravenously, and no nodes were seen. These data suggest that cardiac lymphatic drainage can be studied with a catheter injection method. PMID- 7119883 TI - Synthesis of "no carrier added" 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)nitrosourea (BCNU). PMID- 7119884 TI - A new improved synthesis of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose from 18F-labeled acetyl hypofluorite. PMID- 7119885 TI - A new, well-retained myocardial imaging agent: radioiodinated 15-(p-lodophenyl)-6 tellurapentadecanoic acid. AB - A method involving the acid-catalyzed decomposition of a piperidyltriazene intermediate in the presence of radioiodide has been developed for the synthesis of radioiodinated 15-(p-iodophenyl)-6-tellurapentadecanoic acid. The iodine-125 labeled agent shows rapid, pronounced myocardial uptake in rats (5.30-6.45% injected dose/g after 5 min) and also exhibits the prolonged retention previously observed with 9-[123mTe]telluraheptadecanoic acid (9-123mTe]HDA). After 6 hr, the heart uptake remained high (3.89-5.33%) dose/g) and decreased only to 3.02-3.41% dose/g after 24 hr. Very low blood activity was detected (0.24-0.27% dose/g at 5 min; 0.29-0.32% dose/g at 6 hr) and the heart-to-blood ratios were high (22:1 at 5 min; 15:1 at 6 hr). Minimal deiodination was demonstrated by the low thyroid uptake (1.41-1.63% dose/g at 5 min; 5.33-7.08% dose/g at 6 hr). The rapid and pronounced uptake, prolonged myocardial retention, and low in vivo deiodination make this agent attractive for further evaluation. PMID- 7119886 TI - Deferoxamine, a promising bifunctional chelating agent for labeling proteins with gallium: Ga-67 DF-HSA: concise communication. AB - A new efficient method has been developed for the labeling of various biologically important proteins with radiogallium, using deferoxamine (DF) as a bifunctional chelating agent. Human serum albumin (HSA) was chosen for studying the DF coupling reaction by a glutaraldehyde two-step method. The DF-HSA conjugate obtained was then easily labeled with Ga-67 with high efficiency and reproducibility. High stability of the Ga-67 DF-HSA was observed both in vitro and in vivo. In rats the half-time of blood clearance at the first phase was 234 min for the Ga-67 DF-HSA, whereas most conventional I-131 HSA gives 121 min. The excellent pharmacological and physiological properties were assessed by plasma clearance and plasma volume measurements in normal volunteers. Even at 2 hr after injection, (90.0 +/- 3.0)% of Ga-67 DF-HSA was retained within the vascular space. The mean plasma volume per kilogram of body weight, measured with Ga-67 DF HSA, was 46.6 +/- 3.4 ml/kg, compared with 52.2 +/- 2.4 ml/kg as determined with I-131 HSA in the same men. PMID- 7119887 TI - A new method using anhydrous [18F]fluoride to radiolabel 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D glucose. PMID- 7119888 TI - Inhibition of chromium-51 RBC labeling by stannous pyrophosphate. PMID- 7119889 TI - Re: Does the corticoadrenal adenoma with "pre-Cushing" syndrome exist? PMID- 7119890 TI - Re: A modified method for the in vivo labeling of red blood cells with Tc-99m. PMID- 7119891 TI - Effects of fasting on muscle protein turnover, the composition of weight loss, and energy balance of obese and nonobese Zucker rats. AB - The effects of prolonged fasting on the composition of weight loss and the rates of muscle protein synthesis and degradation were compared in obese and nonobese (lean) rats. Lean rats weighting 400 g could survive 60 days of fasting whereas obese rats weighing 550 g could survive 60 days. Weight loss was similar in both phenotypes over the first 10 days of fasting (15 g/day), but the composition of weight loss differed. Obese rats lost nearly twice as much lipid but only one fifth as much body protein as lean rats. The fasting metabolic rate [kilocalories/(day . kilograms 0.75)] was similar in both phenotypes. This finding indicates a slower decline in metabolic rate during fasting in obese rats, since maintenance requirements are greater in lean rats. In fed rats, the fractional rates of muscle protein synthesis (FRS) and breakdown (FRB) were slightly higher in obese rats. Fasting reduced muscle protein synthesis in both phenotypes. In obese rats, however, the FRS declined more slowly than in lean rats. On the other hand, FRB decreased in fasted obese rats but greatly increased in fasted lean rats. It was concluded that the better protein retention and slower decline in metabolic rate in fasted obese rats were related to their different regulation of muscle protein synthesis and breakdown during fasting. PMID- 7119893 TI - Spontaneous open-field behavior in thiamin-deficient rats. AB - Open-field testing has proven useful for evaluation of the effects of drugs on behavior. We now present detailed methods for subdividing open-field behaviors into four categories: sniffing, grooming, resting, and staring. Upon initial exposure to the open field, sniffing is the predominant behavior. With habituation, sniffing and grooming decrease, and resting and staring increase. Treatment with a thiamin-deficient diet and pyrithiamin, a centrally acting thiamin antagonist, markedly increases staring behavior by day 3 of treatment. Animals that are treated with a thiamin-deficient diet and oxythiamin, a peripherally acting thiamine antagonist, do not have increased staring behavior. Therefore, increased staring behavior is an early behavioral change in central nervous system thiamin deficiency. Staring and other spontaneous open-field behaviors may be useful variables to monitor in thiamin deficiency and in other metabolic encephalopathies. PMID- 7119892 TI - Maintenance energy requirements during lactation in rats. AB - Evidence is presented to support the postulates that increases in apparent maintenance requirements during pregnancy and lactation are due, in part, to increases in relative weights and metabolic activities of vital organs. Rates of glucose, palmitate and pyruvate oxidation per unit weight in vitro were one-and-a half to three times greater in liver, heart and intestine samples from pregnant and lactating as compared to nonlactating rats. Relative weights of liver, intestinal tract and heart were greater in lactating as compared to nonlactating rats. Weights of liver, heart and intestines are functions of feed intake to apparent maintenance requirements. A theoretical calculation indicated that an increase in maintenance requirements from 100 kcal metabolizable energy/kilograms0.75 to 124 kcal metabolizable energy/kilograms0.75 during lactation in rats could be explained on the basis of changes in the relative weights of liver, intestines and heart. PMID- 7119894 TI - Cholinergic therapy of abnormal open-field behavior in thiamin-deficient rats. AB - Although thiamin deficiency is associated with impaired acetylcholine metabolism, the functional significance of the cholinergic lesion is controversial. Therefore, we tested the effect of cholinergic drugs on abnormal open-field behaviors in rats that were treated with a thiamin-deficient diet and thiamin antagonist. After only 1 day of treatment, staring increased significantly in rats given pyrithiamin, a centrally acting thiamine antagonist, but not in rats given oxythiamin, which acts only peripherally. Sniffing, resting and grooming were not altered by either treatment. The acetylcholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine was as effective as thiamin in decreasing staring in pyrithiamin treated rats, but its peripherally acting analogue neostigmine had no effect. The central muscarinic blocker, atropine, blocked the effect of physostigmine. Methatropine, which acts only peripherally, did not. Arecoline, a direct muscarinic agonist, was as effective as physostigmine in decreasing staring. Nicotine had no effect, and the nicotinic ganglionic blocker mecamylamine did not block the effect of physostigmine. Increased staring behavior in pyrithiamin treated rats appears to reflect an early central cholinergic muscarinic deficit. PMID- 7119895 TI - Effect of maternal dietary zinc on growth and mitogenic responsiveness in suckling mice. AB - The effects of varied levels of maternal dietary zinc on growth and immunological development of suckling A/J mice were studied. From 5 days postpartum, lactating dams were fed biotin-fortified egg-white diets containing the following levels of zinc: 1.6 microgram/g (low zinc), 3.6 microgram/g (intermediate zinc), 5.8 microgram/g (moderate zinc) and 30 microgram/g (control). At 17 days of age, low zinc pups exhibited reduced body weight gain (70%), smaller thymuses and spleens, and reduced splenocyte numbers (18%). Intermediate zinc pups had normal body weights but slightly reduced spleens and thymuses; moderate zinc pups were unaffected. Since suckling mice are not fully immunocompetent, splenic mitogenic responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), pokeweed mitogen (PWM), and dextran sulfate (Dx) were used to evaluate the status of various lymphocyte subpopulations. Neonates from the low zinc group gave no Con A response and limited responses to LPS and PWM (50%). Intermediate zinc pups responded satisfactorily to all mitogens except LPS (64%); moderate zinc pups responded normally. It was concluded that 5.8 microgram/g maternal dietary zinc, fed day 5-17 postpartum, is adequate for normal neonatal growth and mitogenic responses. Conversely, 1.6 microgram Zn/g caused neonatal growth retardation and reduced mitogenic responses without excessive mortality. PMID- 7119896 TI - Comparative utilization of the alpha-keto and D- and L-alpha-hydroxy analogs of leucine, isoleucine and valine by chicks and rats. AB - Several experiments were conducted to quantitatively evaluate the growth promoting capacity of the isomers of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and their alpha-hydroxy and alpha-keto analogs for the chick and rat. Basal chemically defined diets were formulated to be singly deficient in the BCAA under study; analogs therefore were evaluated as sources of supplemental amino acid activity. DL-Isoleucine (DL-Ile), alpha-keto-beta-L-methylvaleric acid (KMV) and the isomers of alpha-hydroxy-beta-methylvaleric acid (HMV) were inferior to an isomolar level of L-Ile and varied considerably in their capacity to support growth of chicks and rats. Efficacy values of the compounds for chicks (C) and rats (R) were: DL-Ile 85% (C), 58% (R); KMV 60% (C), 38% (R); L-HMV 84% (C), 65% (R); DL-HMV 49% (C), 45% (R); and D-HMV -10% (C), -2% (R). The isomers of valine (Val) and alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid (HIV) had efficacy values in chicks of: DL Val, 84%; D-Val, 72%; L-HIV, 82%; DL-HIV, 79%; D-HIV, 66%. D-Val had only marginal growth-promoting activity for rats, 16%. All Val analogs had comparable efficacy values for the rat: alpha-ketoisovaleric acid (KIV), 49%; L-HIV, 54%; DL HIV, 51%; and D-HIV, 46%. DL-Leu and D-Leu, alpha-ketoisocaproic acid (KIC), and L-, DL- and D-alpha-hydroxyisocaproic acid (HIC) were all less efficacious than isomolar amounts of supplemental L-Leu in rats. Efficacy values were: DL-Leu, 78%; D-Leu, 48%; KIC, 56%; L-HIC, 58%; DL-HIC, 55%; and D-HIC, 41%. The BCAA keto analogs were not superior to the L-alpha-hydroxy analogs in growth-promoting capacity, and this is of great interest for the potential use of these nitrogen free amino acid analogs in nutritional therapy. PMID- 7119899 TI - The effect of severe protein deficiency on serum zinc concentration of mice fed a requirement level or a very high level of dietary zinc. AB - The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of severe dietary protein deficiency on serum zinc concentration in weanling animals fed either a requirement level or a very high level of dietary zinc. Weanling (21-day-old) male and female CBA/J mice were randomly assigned to be fed one of four diets containing either 1.7% or approximately 18.5% protein and either 7 micrograms (predetermined requirement level) or about 200 micrograms zinc per gram of formulation. Serum zinc levels were measured after a 14-day feeding period. Dietary zinc content, over the range tested, did not influence the serum zinc level of protein deficient mice, and these animals exhibited serum zinc concentrations which were much lower than the levels found in adequately nourished mice fed the requirement level of zinc (7 micrograms/g diet). These results indicate that dietary zinc supplementation is unable to restore to normal the zinc status of severely protein-deficient animals. This may be an important factor to consider when studying the effect of protein deficiency on zinc sensitive physiological processes. PMID- 7119898 TI - Plasma and erythrocyte amino acid levels in normal adult subjects fed a high protein meal with and without added monosodium glutamate. AB - It has been suggested that the addition of free glutamate to meals already containing large amounts of protein-bound glutamate would produce an early rapid rise in plasma glutamate and/or aspartate concentrations, increasing the potential for glutamate-induced adverse effects. Normal adult subjects were fed a hamburger and milk shake meal providing protein at 1 g/kg body weight with and without added monosodium L-glutamate (34 mg/kg body weight). The addition of glutamate to the meal at this level had no significant effect on either plasma or erythrocyte concentrations of glutamate or aspartate beyond those arising from the meal itself. Free glutamate added to a hamburger and milk shake meal at this level is rapidly metabolized and does not elevate plasma concentrations of these dicarboxylic amino acids. PMID- 7119897 TI - Growth and riboflavin status of rats fed different levels of protein and riboflavin. AB - The relationship between riboflavin and protein utilization was studied in 5-week old male Sprague-Dawley rats, by using a factorial design with three levels of riboflavin (8, 16 and 24 microgram per rat per day) and protein (1.0, 1.6 and 2.2 g casein per rat per day) in a 9-week experiment. With the lowest level of casein, protein intake was growth limiting, and the level of riboflavin intake had no effect on either weight gain or liver nitrogen retention. With the two higher levels of casein, both weight gain and liver nitrogen retention increased with riboflavin intake, but 24 micrograms riboflavin per day was inadequate for maximal utilization of nitrogen from 2.2 g casein. Neither protein nor riboflavin intake affected the concentration of liver nitrogen per gram of fresh tissue. Increasing the protein intake from 1.0 to 1.6 g increased riboflavin retention in the liver, but additional protein had no further effect. Liver and muscle (gastrocnemius) riboflavin concentrations, as micrograms per gram wet tissue, increased with riboflavin intake. At the two higher intakes of riboflavin, tissue riboflavin levels decreased and the erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficients (EGR-AC) increased with protein intake. These findings are consistent with the view that the effect of protein on riboflavin requirement is related to the rate of growth and not to protein intake, per se. PMID- 7119900 TI - Influence of intraluminal constituents on zinc absorption by isolated, vascularly perfused rat intestine. AB - An isolated, vascularly perfused rat intestine system was utilized to compare the influence of a variety of potential zinc-binding compounds on zinc absorption. Citric acid, cysteine, reduced glutathione, histidine, methionine, picolinic acid and tryptophan were added to the lumen perfusate at 110 microM. Two lumen perfusate pH values (4.2 and 6.6) were compared. The influence of EDTA at pH 6.6 was also investigated as was the influence of citric acid, histidine, picolinic acid and tryptophan additions to the lumen perfusate at 550 microM. Of the substances tested only EDTA significantly enhanced the transfer of zinc from the lumen to the portal circulation. These results suggest these potential zinc chelators, exclusive of EDTA, do not promote zinc absorption by the intestine in this system. PMID- 7119901 TI - Effect of diet on increases in systolic pressure induced in rats by chronic cadmium feeding. AB - Long-term exposure to cadmium in drinking water can induce hypertension in rats. We have consistently observed that from 0.1 to 5 ppm cadmium in deionized drinking water fortified with five essential metals induces a significant pressor effect in female Long-Evans rats on a noncommercial, low cadmium, rye-based diet. To test the effect of diet, a commercial stock diet (Purina Rodent Lab Chow), with either fortified or plain deionized water, was begun at weaning in rats that were receiving water containing 0.1 or 1 ppm cadmium. The overall effect of substituting the stock diet for the rye diet was initially to lessen, and later to prevent entirely, the cadmium-induced pressor effect. Whereas control rats on the rye diet have a constant systolic pressure of about 100 mm Hg throughout the experiment; control rats on the stock diet had an increase in systolic pressure of about 1 mm Hg/month, perhaps because of cadmium from food which contained 10 times as much of the metal as the rye diet. (There was also a somewhat lower pressure among the cadmium-fed rats on stock diet than among those on the rye diet). There were other (non-cadmium) differences between the stock and rye diets and between the remainder of our experimental conditions and those used by other investigators, presumably explaining the failure of some others to induce hypertension with cadmium. PMID- 7119902 TI - Computer calculation of zinc(II)-complex distribution in milk. PMID- 7119903 TI - Inhibition of rat yolk sac pinocytosis by cadmium and its reversal by zinc. AB - The effect of cadmium on the in vitro pinocytic rate of 10- and 11-day-old rat yolk sacs grown on rat serum in culture was studied using the synthetic substrate 125I-labeled polyvinylpyrrolidone. In medium containing concentrations of added cadmium similar to those achieved in serum by intraperitoneal dosing of rats, the rate of pinocytosis in vitro was decreased by up to 55%. When zinc was included in the medium as well, the effect of cadmium was markedly reduced, and the rate of pinocytosis was restored to about normal. The results of this in vitro study suggest that cadmium can limit and supply of nutrients to the rat embryo in a nonspecific manner, and that elevated levels of zinc can restore the ability of the yolk sac to accumulate substances from the surrounding medium. Whereas cadmium may act as a teratogen at a number of sites, the demonstrated effect of this metal on the yolk sac provides a new insight into what could be a primary mode of action of cadmium on fetal development. PMID- 7119904 TI - Effects of beta-sitosterol on the concentrations of serum and liver cholesterol and serum apolipoproteins in rats fed butter fat. AB - Male rats were fed on semipurified cholesterol-free diets containing butter fat with or without supplementary beta-sitosterol. The expected rise of serum cholesterol caused by butter fat, as compared with safflower oil, was not able to be demonstrated, and hence the hypocholesterolemic effect of beta-sitosterol as well. However, the plant sterol effectively lowered the liver cholesterol level. Similar responses were also observed in mice. The distribution of cholesterol in serum lipoproteins remained unchanged among different dietary regimens. Butter fat increased the concentration of serum apoA-I in relation to safflower oil. There was possibly a trend toward higher serum apoA-I with supplementation of beta-sitosterol in a butter-fat diet. The effect of the plant sterol on serum apoB was rather variable. The observation strongly suggests that alteration in cholesterol metabolism in these rodents may not satisfactorily be estimated by the serum cholesterol parameter alone when diets free of cholesterol are fed. The concentration of hepatic cholesterol and serum apolipoproteins seems a more apposite measure for this purpose. PMID- 7119905 TI - Effects of choline deficiency and phosphatidylcholine on fat absorption in rats. AB - Transfer of lipid to the lymph by the intestine was studied in rats fed on choline-deficient or choline-supplemented diet for 2 weeks. In choline-deficient rats, lymph output was reduced. Choline deficiency impaired the incorporation of glycerol tri[1-14C]oleate into triglyceride in the lymph. The triglyceride level in lymph lipoproteins was lower in choline-deficient rats than in controls. Ultrastructural studies suggested that impaired release of lipoproteins was responsible for accumulation of fat in intestinal absorptive cells. These defects are probably related to changes in the membrane system of the intestine and to a failure in lipid droplet movement within absorptive cells, resulting from alterations in the microfilaments. Oral administration of phosphatidylcholine to rats on choline-deficient diet rapidly improved the decreased lymph output and the impaired incorporation of glycerol tri[1-14C]oleate into triglyceride and reduced fat deposition in intestinal epithelial cells. In conclusion, phospholipids such as choline are confirmed as being extremely important in the absorption of fat by the possible mechanism of fat transport across the membrane. PMID- 7119907 TI - Increased in growth rate and activity of the tryptophan-NAD pathway caused by di n-butylphthalate in rats fed on a tryptophan-limited diet. PMID- 7119906 TI - Influence of dietary protein depletion and repletion on sex organ weight of male rats in relation to age. AB - Studies were made on the effect of protein-free diet (PFD) feeding and on recovery from PFD feeding on sex organ weight, serum testosterone, pituitary prolactin and pituitary growth hormone content of young (4 months old) and old (18 months old) male rats. After 20 days of protein depletion, the testis weight remained almost the same, but the ratio of testis weight to body weight was higher in the lower age group, demonstrating a greater resistibility to protein deficiency in young rats. The weight of the seminal vesicle and prostate decreased on ingestion of PFD in both age groups, but a more marked increase was shown in refed young rats. Feeding of PFD for 20 days significantly reduced pituitary prolactin, pituitary growth hormone and serum testosterone in both age groups. Refeeding of protein increased these hormones, but a more marked increase was also observed in the younger group. These results seem to support the hypothesis that one of the important characteristics of an aging organism is its reduced capacity to adapt to environmental changes. PMID- 7119908 TI - Effect of treatment with pyridoxine on aspartate aminotransferase activities in pyridoxine-deficient rat tissues. AB - In rat liver, 90% of the aspartate aminotransferase is present as the holoenzyme. In pyridoxine deficiency, the ratio of holoenzyme activity to total activity is markedly reduced, but after pyridoxine injection it was found to rapidly increase, although the total enzyme activity remained low for a few days. The activities of aspartate aminotransferase isozymes in pyridoxine-deficient rat tissues and the effect of pyridoxine treatment on their activities were examined. The intestinal enzyme activities of pyridoxine-deficient rats were readily reconstituted in the presence of pyridoxal phosphate in vitro, but the enzyme activities in liver and muscle in the deficient rats required several days for complete recovery, suggesting that active enzyme was synthesized de novo in these tissues. PMID- 7119909 TI - Stimulation of cholesterol metabolism in pyridoxine-deficient rats. AB - The effect of pyridoxine deficiency on cholesterol catabolism was studied in rats. The concentrations of bile lipid components were higher in pyridoxine deficient rats than in controls. A decreased ratio of taurine to glycine conjugates was observed in the deficient rats. No change in the neutral sterol content, but an increase in the bile acid content of the feces was observed in the deficient rats. Increased cholesterol catabolism in pyridoxine-deficient rats was also shown by the shorter half-life of the [14C] cholesterol injected into these animals. PMID- 7119910 TI - Phosphorylated polyenols of biochemical interest: cis=trans stereoisomeric retinylphosphates. AB - All-trans biscyclohexylammonium retinylphosphate was synthesized using bis (triethylammonium) phosphate as the phosphate donor. It was shown to be pure from physico-chemical evidence including ultraviolet, infrared, 1H- and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. In contrast to previous reports, the synthesized product is quite stable toward alkaline hydrolysis. Direct or iodine catalyzed photoisomerization of the all-trans compound can produce the corresponding 13-cis isomer. Simultaneous quantification of cis-trans stereoisomeric retinylphosphates was demonstrated by ion-pairing reversed-phase liquid chromatography with an isocratic mobile phase consisting of aqueous methanol and with ultraviolet detection at 300 nm. The mobile phase also contains tetrabutylammoniumphosphate as the counter-ion. The feasibility and extent of stereoisomerization of all-trans retinylphosphate have been compared with those of carotenoidal and retinoidal polyenes. PMID- 7119911 TI - Worksite-based behavioral treatment of mild hypertension. AB - Two behaviorally-oriented, nonpharmacological treatments - rational-emotive therapy/assertiveness training (RET/AT) and anxiety management training (AMT) - and one control treatment - hypertension education counseling (HEC) - were compared in reducing blood pressures of 22 white-collar mold hypertensives in a worksite setting. Results showed significant reductions by posttreatment in diastolic pressures of participants in the two behavioral treatment conditions, but no significant differential treatment effect across groups. Systolic pressure reductions by postreatment were significant only in the RET/AT training condition. Reductions were generally maintained at an either-week follow-up. PMID- 7119912 TI - Gastrointestinal atresia and maternal occupation during pregnancy. AB - This study originated in observations in cohort studies that women who worked in laboratories during pregnancy may be at increased risk of having an infant with gut atresia. A case-control study has been made of 201 women who had infants with gastrointestinal atresia and 402 women with infants without that malformation but matched for age, parity and time of year for delivery. Maternal occupation during pregnancy was ascertained by interviews of mailed inquiries and only referred to type of occupation; no efforts to obtain detailed information on occupational exposure were made. Occupation of nonresponders was checked using census data. In the case-control study, laboratory work was reported to occur more often among case mothers than among controls, thus verifying the connection. The actual exposure in the laboratory work giving the embryonic damage is not known. PMID- 7119913 TI - A comparison of the maximum voluntary ventilation with the forced expiratory volume in one second: an assessment of subject cooperation. AB - Poor subject cooperation during pulmonary function testing for disability evaluation can be detected by noting a reduction in maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV). The MVV was compared with the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) from normal subjects and persons with airways obstructive diseases. The MVV was found to be related to the FEV1, and the MVV can be estimated by multiplying the FEV1 by 40. The actual MVV value can then be compared with the estimated value to assess subject cooperation. Since upper airway obstruction and restriction due to chest wall or neuromuscular disease can also reduce the actual MVV, subjects who have a decrease in MVV should have a more through evaluation of their ventilatory status. PMID- 7119914 TI - Mortality among rubber workers: V. processing workers. AB - Cause-specific mortality was evaluated among 2,666 men employed in the processing division of a rubber manufacturing plant. The division was divided into two sections: front processing (compounding, mixing and milling operations) and back processing (extrusion, calendering, cement mixing and rubberized fabrics operations). Mortality rates for all processing workers combined and for men in each section were compared with rates for U.S. White males or for workers employed in other divisions of the same plant. Compared with either referent group, men in the processing division had increased mortality from leukemia, emphysema, and cancers of the stomach, large intestine, and biliary passages and liver. An excess number of deaths from stomach and larger intestine cancer was found predominantly among men in the front processing section (33 observed vs. 17.7 expected deaths, based on rates in nonprocessing workers). Increased mortality from leukemia (14 observed vs. 7.3 expected) and from emphysema (22 observed vs. 11.0 expected) was present among men employed in the back processing section. Examination of mortality from these causes according to age and the year starting work, duration of employment, and years since starting work in the relevant sections of the processing division suggested that observed excesses of stomach cancer, large intestine cancer, leukemia, and emphysema among processing workers are related to occupational exposures. These results are consistent with the findings of studies of other groups of rubber workers. PMID- 7119915 TI - Certification in the specialty of occupational medicine. PMID- 7119916 TI - The risk of digestive cancer in workers using synthetic abrasive products. PMID- 7119917 TI - Control of manual lifting hazards: I. training in safe handling. PMID- 7119918 TI - Type A and B behavior patterns and self-reported health symptoms and stress: examining individual and organizational fit. AB - This article describes a preliminary investigation of the proposition that organizations, as well as people, can be classified along a Type A and B behavior pattern dimension and that the resulting match or lack thereof between individual and organizational behavior patterns is related to various health indices. A sample of 315 medical technologists were classified as either Type As or Bs and as working in either Type A or B environments. Results supported the hypotheses that (1) Type Bs in B organizations report the fewest negative health symptoms; (2) Type As in A organizations report the most; and (3) Type Bs in A organizations and Type As in B organizations report an intermediate level of symptoms. The results are treated within the framework of a person-environment fit model and the implications of the findings are discussed. PMID- 7119919 TI - Variability in urinary mercury excretion. AB - This report investigates quantitatively the extent to which 24-hour urinary mercury excretion can be predicted from the concentration of mercury in spot samples. The correlation between these quantities can be significantly improved by the application of a correction for urinary dilution and by restricting spot samples to the day's first excretion. If these precautions are taken, we find that for 68% of the samples the 24-hour excretion, Q, is in the range of 0.75 C' less than Q less than 1.31 C', where C' is the mercury concentration of a day's first excretion. The width of this range appears to be primarily determined by variations in a person's daily urinary volume and by the frequent occurrence of diurnal cycles. PMID- 7119920 TI - Computerized approach to verifying study population data in occupational epidemiology. AB - IN a previous paper a method was presented for verifying the completeness of occupational study populations independently of company-held records. The basis for the verification scheme was the Employers Quarterly Report on Earnings (Internal Revenue Service Form 941) that is submitted to the IRS each quarter of every year for all employees on a company payroll. In employing the verification scheme two approaches can be taken in determining how many and which quarterly reports are selected: (1) If the work force is large and/or many years are surveyed, a probability sample of years and quarters within years can be selected, allowing inferences to be made with respect to the entire study population. (2) If the number of survey years and/or the size of the work force is sufficiently small, copies of all quarterly returns for each survey year can be requested thus allowing a comprehensive check for completeness to be conducted. Te verification method described in the previous paper concentrated primarily on the first-mentioned approach. The second approach is herein being dealt with as well as a computerized method for verifying the completeness of study populations. In addition a new computerized method is described that utilizes the quarterly reports as an unbiased data base for checking the accuracy of certain work history data as developed from company records. An application of the computerized methods is given using data from a recent historical-prospective study of chemical production workers. PMID- 7119921 TI - Inadequate sensitivity of tuberculin tine test for screening employee populations. AB - Tuberculin Tine and Mantoux skin tests were simultaneously applied to opposite arms of 1,065 medical center employees during their usual preemployment and annual health examinations for the purpose of evaluating the Tine test sensitivity. Of 829 skin tests read, 39 (5%) were positive by the Mantoux method. Tine tests were positive in 27 of the 39: a sensitivity of 69% and a false negative rate of 31%. In view of these results, the tuberculin tine test is not sensitive enough and is not indicated for employee screening programs when finding tuberculosis infection, and not disease, is the primary goal. PMID- 7119923 TI - Employee assistance: establishing and maintaining a program in a diverse corporate setting. PMID- 7119924 TI - Coronary risk factors and their possible causal role in the development of coronary heart disease: the Oslo study. PMID- 7119922 TI - Mortality, cancer incidence, and sickness-absence in photographic processors: an epidemiologic study. AB - An epidemiologic investigation of a 1964 cohort of 478 photographic processors in nine Eastman Kodak Color Print and Processing (CP&P) laboratories in the continental United States was undertaken. Analysis of pre-1965 environmental data indicated that chemical exposures were within the standards applicable at the time. The results showed no significant excess mortality, sickness-absence or cancer incidence. The processing cohort's mortality experience after 16 years of follow-up compared favorably with that of two industrial control populations. The present study represents (to our knowledge) the first published occupational epidemiology investigation that specifically examines the health of workers engaged in large-scale commercial photofinishing operations. PMID- 7119925 TI - [A case of hypopharyngeal carcinoma associated with mycosis fungoides ]. PMID- 7119928 TI - [Reciprocal connection between the olfactory bulb and the pyriform cortex in the rat]. PMID- 7119926 TI - [Speech sound discrimination and hearing-aid performance of severely hearing impaired school children]. PMID- 7119927 TI - [Location of the posterior end of the vocal folds: an unrecognized controversy]. PMID- 7119929 TI - [Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity of netilmicin and other aminoglycoside antibiotics in rabbits]. PMID- 7119930 TI - [Laryngeal motoneurons of cats]. PMID- 7119931 TI - [Physiopathology of sneezing and coughing]. PMID- 7119932 TI - Sexological aspects of substance use & abuse. PMID- 7119933 TI - Editor's introduction: Sexological aspects of substance use & abuse. PMID- 7119935 TI - Love, sex, drugs and other magical solutions to life. PMID- 7119934 TI - Sexual dynamics and strength of heroin addiction: a three-factor model of an ideology. AB - The association between heroin addicts' strength of addiction (SOA) and sexuality is documented. A three-factor behaviorally operational model based on psychoanalytic theory was constructed to explain the contingencies of the association. While the family, self and eroticism factors have insignificant main effects on SOA, the effect of the three-factor model as a whole is significant. A type of heroin addict associated with high SOA emerges from the analysis: A male from a surrogate family background, possessing a strongly autonomous impulsive self and finds erotic satisfaction in the needle-specific, pharmacogenic orgasm, as opposed to the genital-specific, physiogenic orgasm. PMID- 7119936 TI - Incest and chemical dependency. PMID- 7119938 TI - Family intimacy and chemical abuse: the connection. PMID- 7119937 TI - Sexual interaction among recovering chemically dependent couples. PMID- 7119940 TI - Sex roles, sexuality and the recovering woman alcoholic: program issues. PMID- 7119939 TI - The role of alcoholism in relationship to intimacy. PMID- 7119941 TI - Panel discussion: What the sex counselor needs to know about substance abuse and what the substance abuse counselor needs to know about sexuality. PMID- 7119942 TI - The physiology of normal sexual response in females. PMID- 7119943 TI - Alcoholism and sexual functioning. PMID- 7119944 TI - Cannabis and sex: multifaceted paradoxes. AB - At the present level of ignorance about sexuality and cannabis, what rational position can be adopted? First, it must be recognized that even without cannabis, current involvement in sex-related activities may well have been called "promiscuous" by a preceding generation or two. The general loosening of morality, the erosion of family, church and other authoritarian controls, The Pill, antibiotics and other recent developments have contributed to current casual attitudes. Although one may not perceive it, counterculture beliefs have had their impact on the dominant culture. Marijuana has some enhancing effect upon sexual proceedings for some individuals. It may be sexually evocative and gratifying. Nonspecific factors play an important role in this matter. Opposite effects also occur, and an endocrinologic basis for actual diminution of drives and potency may exist. The final paradox is that cannabis' employment for sexual arousal is predominantly an activity of young adults. The older age groups most in need of sexual support and assistance are less frequently involved in its use. It is unclear why this dichotomy between need and utilization exists. PMID- 7119945 TI - Cocaine and sexual dysfunction: the curse of mama coca. PMID- 7119947 TI - Chemical and radiation hazards to children: highlights of a meeting. PMID- 7119946 TI - A clinical guide to the diagnosis and treatment of heroin-related sexual dysfunction. AB - It is apparent that a significant degree of sexual concern exists in male and female heroin addicts in the predrug, drug and postdrug periods. The Sexual Concerns and Substance Abuse Project recommends that each opiate abuser entering in to treatment has a brief sex history taken and, if a primary or secondary sexual dysfunction is discovered, then additional evaluation is indicated. Furthermore, the Project stresses the importance of educating the patient to the physiological, as well as psychological, relationship between heroin-related sexual dysfunction and concomitant side effects. For example, in women chronically abusing high doses of heroin, one may not only see a reduction of sexual desire and performance, but also irregular menstrual cycles, and occasionally, amenorrhea, as a result of the depressive effects of the opiate on pituitary hormones. The woman may misinterpret this physiological effect and believe that such changes in her menstrual cycle are irreversible, and that she is sterile. Following the evaluation and patient education phase, the findings obtained from the evaluation of the drug cycle, as it relates to the sociosexual response cycle, should be incorporated into the overall treatment approach for counseling the opiate abuser. When a specific sexual dysfunction exists, particularly if it predates the heroin involvement, referral to a qualified sex therapist is often indicated, to work in co-therapy with the drug counselor and the referring physician. Greater awareness of heroin-related sexual dysfunction may help reduce the relapse rate back to heroin as well as improve the quality of the individual's life during the recovery period. PMID- 7119948 TI - Oral rehydration for diarrhea. PMID- 7119949 TI - Maternal-infant vitamin D relationships during breast-feeding. AB - To evaluate the effect of maternal dietary vitamin D intake on infant vitamin D status in a country with a temperate climate, but where the commercial milk supply is not vitamin D fortified, this randomized, double-blind study was conducted on term mother-infant pairs during the winter months. Well-nourished, white nursing mothers were given a placebo, 500 IU vitamin D/day or 1,000 IU vitamin D/day; their infants were not given supplemental vitamin D. After six weeks, mothers receiving supplemental vitamin D had higher levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin D than had mothers receiving placebo. A direct relationship was observed between maternal and infant levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D at six weeks, implying that maternal vitamin D intake directly affects the vitamin D concentration in breast milk. A control group of infants who had received 400 IU vitamin D/day had even higher concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, suggesting that infant supplementation with vitamin D is more efficacious than maternal supplementation. Despite the favorable climate in South Africa, during winter breast-fed infants have low serum vitamin D values if maternal dietary vitamin D intake is low. PMID- 7119950 TI - Zinc, copper, calcium, and magnesium in human milk. AB - Human milk was fractionated and analyzed for the distribution of copper, zinc, calcium, and magnesium among various fractions. In whole milk the concentration of copper was 0.27 +/- 0.13 micrograms/ml, zinc 1.10 +/- 1.19 microgram/ml, calcium 241.2 +/- 61.9 microgram/ml, and magnesium 41.4 +/- 15.2 micrograms/. Most of the Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg was found in the skim milk, but significant amounts of Cu, Zn, and Ca were found in the fat, most likely associated with the fat globule membrane. Less than 4% of each of the elements was found in the casein. A low molecular weight fraction contained 26% of total Cu. 25% of Zn, 34% of Ca, and 54% of MG. Gel filtration demonstrated Zn and Cu in skim milk binding to two different proteins with molecular weight (MW) greater than 400,000 and 60 to 80,000, as well as to LMW compounds. The unique distribution and binding of these elements in the milk may, in part, explain the known high bioavailability of trace elements and minerals in human milk. PMID- 7119951 TI - Complications of mastoiditis with special emphasis on venous sinus thrombosis. AB - Two children with intracranial venous sinus thrombosis complicating mastoiditis prompted review of the experience with these disorders at the The Children's Memorial Hospital in Chicago over the past decade. Fifteen patients, 1.5 to 14 years of age, with mastoiditis were identified, including nine cases categorized as acute and six as chronic, the latter without fever but with chronic otorrhea. All six patients with chronic, but none with acute, mastoiditis were found to have cholesteatomas. Venous sinus thrombosis developed in four children and intracerebellar abscess in one child. Contrast-enhanced computerized tomography has proved valuable in the diagnosis of these rare, serious complications of mastoiditis in recent patients. Arteriography is still desired to confirm venous patency or occlusion prior to surgery because of well-documented developmental variations in venous drainage patterns. Optimal therapy of mastoiditis and its complications generally requires surgical drainage in addition to administration of antibiotics. PMID- 7119952 TI - Early identification of frequent relapsers among children with minimal change nephrotic syndrome. A report of the International Study of Kidney Disease in Children. AB - An analysis was made of the clinical course of 218 steroid-responsive children with minimal change nephrotic syndrome during the two-year period following initial response to prednisone therapy. No correlation was found between the frequency of relapse and (1) the histopathologic subgroups of minimal change nephrotic syndrome, (2) clinical or laboratory characteristics observable at the time of diagnosis, (3) the time of initial response, or (4) the interval between the initial response and the first relapse. The number of relapses that occurred during the first six months was highly predictive of the subsequent course. Of 99 children who had no relapse during this period, 93 had fewer than three during the subsequent 18 months, and only one had more than six. In contrast, among 37 who had three or more relapses in the first six months, 17 had more than six, 13 had 10 or more, and only seven had fewer than three relapses. The course of children who had either one or two relapses during the first six-month period was intermediate. These results provide substantial data for predicting the clinical course of minimal change nephrotic syndrome during the first two years and will help in preparing children and their families to anticipate the likely course of disease. The data should be useful also in selecting potential frequent relapsers for clinical trials. PMID- 7119953 TI - Responses to ergometer exercise in a healthy biracial population of children. AB - To determine normal values for the exercise variables heart rate, blood pressure, maximal workload, physical working capacity index, J point displacement, and ST segment slope, we stress tested 405 healthy children. We analyzed the data for four body surface area-determined groups, to discover whether there were any racial differences between healthy white children and black children. There were numerous racial differences in blood pressure, maximal workload, and physical working capacity index; there were no differences in the heart rate values. The incidence of false-positive J point displacement was less than or equal to 3% when the PR isoelectric line method was used. The ST segment slope in healthy children was always greater than zero at maximal exercise. Thus, norms for exercise variables must be expressed in relation to both sex and race. The nomograms presented in this report provide an easy-to-use set of normative data for cycle ergometer stress testing in children. PMID- 7119954 TI - The bonding phenomenon: misinterpretations and their implications. PMID- 7119955 TI - Intellectual development in patients with untreated histidinemia. A collaborative study group of neonatal screening for inborn errors of metabolism in Japan. PMID- 7119956 TI - Prolonged survival of a patient with disseminated neuroblastoma. PMID- 7119957 TI - Diagnostic x-irradiation as a possible etiologic agent in thyroid neoplasms of childhood. PMID- 7119958 TI - Feminizing sex cord tumor with annular tubules in a boy with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. PMID- 7119959 TI - Congenital hypothyroidism: 123I thyroidal uptake and scintigraphy. PMID- 7119960 TI - Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia causing hematemesis in an infant. PMID- 7119961 TI - Fukuyama-type congenital muscular dystrophy. PMID- 7119962 TI - Two infants with an unusual constellation of angiomatous anomalies. PMID- 7119963 TI - Use of lactose-hydrolyzed human milk in congenital lactase deficiency. PMID- 7119964 TI - Abnormal cerebral blood flow patterns in preterm infants with a large patent ductus arteriosus. AB - To determine whether there are significant alterations in cerebral blood flow patterns in infants with a patent ductus arteriosus and whether these alterations correlate with alterations in aortic blood flow, we performed range-gated pulsed Doppler examinations of the aorta and cerebral arteries in 20 infants. Ten infants had a PDA and ten control infants did not. We analyzed these flow patterns quantitatively by calculating the pulsatility index (peak systolic frequency minus trough diastolic frequency)/peak systolic frequency. In the ten control infants and in three infants with a small PDA, there was no significant diastolic flow in the descending aorta; flow in the cerebral arteries was antegrade throughout systole and diastole (PI = 0.75 +/- 0.03 for control infants and 0.73 +/- 0.07 for small PDA infants). In seven infants with a large PDA, there was retrograde diastolic flow in the descending aorta. This pattern was not seen after PDA closure. In the cerebral arteries of the seven infants with a large PDA, diastolic flow was retrograde in three and decreased or absent in four, and PI was significantly higher (PI = 0.96 +/- 0.06. P less than 0.001 vs controls). After PDA closure, cerebral diastolic flow was antegrade in all seven infants (PI = 0.74 +/- 0.04). We conclude that a large PDA can cause abnormal flow patterns in the descending aorta and cerebral arteries. These flow patterns may predispose these infants to CNS ischemia or intraventricular hemorrhage. PMID- 7119965 TI - Estimated blood volumes in polycythemic neonates as a function of birth weight. AB - This prospective study was designed to test the correlation of blood volume per kilogram of body weight with birthweight in polycythemic neonates. One hundred and sixty-four neonates with venous hematocrits of 65% or greater were treated with partial exchange transfusion. Follow-up venous hematocrits were obtained, and BV/kg was estimated for each infant based on the exchange volume used and the observed change in hematocrit. Birth weight ranged from 1,210 to 5,080 gm. Individual blood volume estimates ranged from 44 to 176 ml/kg, with a mean of 88.4 +/- 23.5 ml/kg. There was a highly significant negative linear correlation of BV/kg with birth weight (P less than 0.001), the regression line intersecting 100 ml/kg at 2,000 gm and 70 ml/kg at 4,500 gm. This correlation has clinical application in the management of polycythemic neonates with partial exchange transfusion. A nomogram is provided for estimating BV/kg in polycythemic neonates based on birth weight. PMID- 7119966 TI - Blood transfusion in the neonate: effects of dilution and age of blood on hemolysis. PMID- 7119967 TI - Breath hydrogen in preterm infants: correlation with changes in bacterial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 7119968 TI - A simple screening test for evaluating prolonged partial thromboplastin times in newborn infants. PMID- 7119969 TI - Leukemoid reaction associated with antenatal dexamethasone administration. PMID- 7119970 TI - Protein binding of metoclopramide. PMID- 7119971 TI - Albuterol by aerosol and orally administered theophylline in asthmatic children. PMID- 7119973 TI - Seizures in a 15-year-old girl. PMID- 7119972 TI - Family functioning as a mediating variable affecting psychosocial adjustment of children with cystic fibrosis. AB - Family functioning was examined as a mediating variable affecting adjustment in children with cystic fibrosis. Three groups of children (cystic fibrosis, asthma, and healthy control subjects) were initially compared on two dimensions of adjustment: self-concept and frequency of behavior problems. The families of these children were compared according to functional level of "cohesion" and "adaptability" (assessed by an as yet unvalidated family functioning measure). No significant difference was found between the groups in family functioning or children's self-concept. The two groups of chronically ill children did have significantly higher frequencies of behavior problems than had the healthy children. When there was statistical control for effects related to family functioning, however, this difference was not significant. Family functioning was found to be a better predictor of child adjustment than was the presence of illness. These results are consistent with recent research suggesting that children with cystic fibrosis adjust in basically healthy ways and that any deficits result more from mediating factors. In this study family functioning was found to be an important mediating factor in this process. PMID- 7119974 TI - Adrenal function after beclomethasone inhalation therapy. PMID- 7119976 TI - Short treatment of urinary tract infections. PMID- 7119975 TI - Effect of prenatal exposure to betamethasone on metronidazole elimination in premature infants. PMID- 7119977 TI - Epidemics of Kawasaki syndrome. PMID- 7119978 TI - Prognosis of infantile spasms. PMID- 7119979 TI - Hyperoxia and transposition of the great vessels. PMID- 7119980 TI - Exchange transfusion in acute chloramphenicol toxicity. PMID- 7119981 TI - Serologic responses to Schistosoma japonicum: evaluation of total and parasite specific immunoglobulins during the course of murine infection. AB - Mice with a primary infection of Schistosoma japonicum develop high levels of both total immunoglobulins and parasitic-specific antibodies, beginning about 1.5 wk after the onset of oviposition in the host. Radial immunodiffusion demonstrated an 18-fold, fivefold, and threefold increase in the levels of IgG1, IgM, and IgA, respectively, during the course of infection. Schistosoma japonicum specific antibodies, as measured by an enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay, appeared and increased at about the same time as total immunoglobulins, and were predominantly of the IgG1 and IgM classes. The specific/ELISA response to a purified antigen from S. japonicum SEA was distinct from the total specific response to crude SEA. Hemagglutinating antibodies increased at 5 wk PI and remained at high levels for the duration of infection. Specific, circulating IgE measured by PCA appeared 6 wk PI, reaching a peak at 9 wk, and persisted at moderate levels throughout the infection period. PMID- 7119982 TI - Spinose ear tick, Otobius megnini, attached to the conjunctiva of a child's eye. PMID- 7119983 TI - Further characterization of acquired resistance in Biomphalaria glabrata. AB - The albino strain of Biomphalaria glabrata is capable of developing an acquired resistance to echinostomes that is relatively specific, i.e., strong against Echinostoma lindoense, challenged by the homologous species, moderate or weak against closely related E. paraensei and E. liei, and nonexistent against Paryphostomum segregatum and Schistosoma mansoni. The present results show that acquired resistance induced by E. paraensei is much stronger against the heterologous E. lindoense than against the homologous species. These observations indicate that although the response of snails with acquired resistance to a challenge exposure is relatively specific, the stimuli for inducing that resistance may be nonspecific. PMID- 7119984 TI - Comparative analysis of procedures used to isolate variant antigen from Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. AB - Comparisons made among various procedures leading to the isolation of variant antigen from Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense bloodstream trypomastigotes. As a means of parasite disruption, freeze-thawing solubilized 36% more variant antigen than did sonication. Protease inhibitors were important additions to the suspension prior to cellular disruption. If trypanosomal extracts were frozen for at least 1 wk prior to chromatographic isolation of variant antigen, recovery of the antigen was reduced by 70%. Ion exchange chromatography was more efficient in the isolation of variant antigen than either lentil-lectin or antibody-affinity columns. All three methods yielded qualitatively similar variant antigen preparations. Using the most efficient isolation procedure tested, about 4 mg of variant antigen was isolated per 10(10) bloodstream trypomastigotes. The most efficient means of isolating variant antigen from plasma of infected rats began with passage of fresh plasma with protease inhibitors through an ion exchange column followed by antibody-affinity chromatography. This resulted in a preparation that was 52% variant antigen, a 370-fold concentration over plasma levels. PMID- 7119985 TI - Life cycle of Brugia pahangi (Nematoda) in nude mice, C3H/HeN (nu/nu). AB - The development of Brugia pahangi (Nematoda: Filarioidea) was studied in nude (congenitally athymic) mice C3H/HeN (nu/nu) and in their phenotypically normal littermates (nu/+). Nude mice were highly susceptible to this parasite. As in the natural host (the cat), the nematodes' third molt in nude mice occurred at 7 to 10 days. The final molt occurred at about 24 days for male worms and 33 days for female worms. Adult worms were smaller than those from other hosts, such as the cat. After inoculation of various numbers of infective larvae, recoveries of adult worms averaged about 15% of the inoculum. In long-term infections initiated with 100 larvae, about 75% of the worms localized in the heart or lungs. Patent infections were seen as early as day 50 PI. Microfilaremia developed in most nude mice given 100, 50, or 25 infective larvae, but was less frequent in those given only 10. Mean filaremias generally rose during the first 6 mo, but in individuals usually did not exceed 500-600/20 mm3 of blood. As in the Mongolian jird, intraperitoneal inoculations yielded large quantities of worms and microfilariae. Few worms could be recovered from normal mice after day 40, even when large (1,000 larvae) inocula were used. Microfilaremia was not detected in normal mice. Although recoveries of adult worms from some nude females were not as high as those from nude males, neither nude nor normal mice showed consistent evidence of a differential susceptibility based on sex. Given the strong, consistent dichotomy of response to B. pahangi between nude and normal mice, this system may be useful in studies of protective immune responses in filariasis. PMID- 7119986 TI - Irradiated larval vaccination of ponies against strongylus vulgaris. AB - Nonimmune pony foals 9 to 12 mo of age were vaccinated with third-stage Strongylus vulgaris larvae (L3) irradiated with 70, 100, or 130 Kr of gamma radiation. Ponies receiving per os inoculations of L3 irradiated with 70 or 100 Kr were protected from the clinical disease and lesions associated with challenge infections of 4,300 L3, when compared to nonvaccinated controls. Similarly, the numbers of worms from the challenging population recovered from successfully vaccinated animals were significantly lower than from nonvaccinated controls. The degree of resistance that develops in individuals can be semiquantitated based on clinical and pathological responses. PMID- 7119987 TI - Quantitative determination of inositol in Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda). AB - Myoinositol and scylloinositol have been identified qualitatively and quantitatively by gas-liquid chromatography in Hymenolepis diminuta. No myoinosose-2 was detected. Myoinositol was unevenly distributed throughout the worm. The scolex and neck regions contained more free- and phosphatidyl-bound inositol. This region also contained more lipid-bound phosphorus, but less total lipid and water. PMID- 7119988 TI - Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics and efficacy of MK-401 against old, and young mature infections of Fasciola hepatica in the rat. AB - The dose-dependent pharmacokinetics and the efficacy of MK-401 (4-amino-6 trichloroethenyl-1,3-benzenedisulfonamide) against old and young-mature infections of Fasciola hepatica were studied in experimentally infected rats. Fractionation of the host's blood after administration of 14C-MK-401 (0.77-15.8 mg/kg) showed that MK-401 was bound predominately to erythrocytes at doses below 4 mg/kg and at higher doses was distributed equally between the red cells and the plasma. Maximum amounts of MK-401 in the blood occurred 2 to 4 hr postadministration and were a hyperbolic function of dose, increasing almost linearly with dose up to 6 mg/kg and then beginning to saturate. Drug uptake by F. hepatica occurred at all doses and increased in direct proportion to the blood level. A single oral dose of MK-401 at 5 mg/kg was found to be highly effective (89%) against older infections (39-44 wk) but was virtually ineffective (1.5%) against younger flukes (9-16 wk). After administration of 14C-MK-401 at 5 mg/kg, drug concentrations in the blood and flukes of rats harboring older infections were significantly higher than those in the blood and flukes of rats with younger infections. Virtually identical differences in the blood level of MK-401 were observed in young and in old, noninfected rats after administration of 14C-MK-401 at 5 mg/kg. The increased efficacy of MK-401 against older infections of F. hepatica in the rat may be related to the age of the host rather than the parasite. PMID- 7119989 TI - Anthelmintic activity of closantel against Ancylostoma caninum in dogs. AB - The efficacy and minimum therapeutic dose of closantel, an injectable salicylanilide anthelmintic, was evaluated on adult Ancylostoma caninum. Doses of 7.5 and 10 mg/kg had a marked anthelmintic effect on adult stages, removing 99 and 98%, respectively. A second experiment tested the efficacy of closantel against hypobiotic larval stages of A. caninum. A dose of 20 mg/kg did not affect the abundance of arrested hookworm larvae or prevent their subsequent development, but it may have inhibited their full maturation as adult worms so that patent, intestinal infections did not occur. Small numbers of adults were recovered from treated dogs at 29, 43, and 57 days post-treatment, but no eggs were passed in their feces. These studies bear on the practical problem of control of hookworms in dogs. PMID- 7119990 TI - Taenia taeniaeformis (Cestoda) in the rat: ultrastructure of the host-parasite interface on days 1 to 7 postinfection. AB - Ultrastructural observation were made on the host-parasite interface from 1 to 7 days postinfection (DPI) with Taenia taeniaeformis in the rat. Over this period the organism developed from a multicellular oncospheral mass, equivalent in size to a host hepatocyte, into a fluid-filled, grossly visible vesicle, the walls of which showed the arrangement of syncytial tegument, cytoplasmic bridges and subtegumental cell bodies typical of older cestodes. Microvilli, often branched, extended from the free, tegumental surface of the parasite from 1 DPI onwards. Fragments of the microvilli were pinched off distally, and became segmented and distended. Some were seen in intercellular spaces as far as 40 micrometers from the free tegumental surface; others were ingested by nearby host phagocytic cells, and appeared to swell and rupture within phagosomes. Microvillar branching was less frequent after 4 DPI and the microvilli became progressively shorter. By 7 DPI the tegumental surface had become irregular and the microvillar bases were broad and knoblike. Electron-dense deposits were present on the outer membrane of microvilli, the tips of which had become truncated or globular. Although phagocytic host cells were seen in migratory tracks and in contact with some organisms as early as 1 DPI, they caused no detectable damage to the parasites. However, many host cells, including hepatocytes and endothelial cells, were injured or destroyed; their contents contributed to the debris surrounding the parasite at all stages. Inclusions, probably lipid, appeared within the tegument and subtegumental cell bodies from 3 DPI onwards, and similar droplets were seen in adjacent host cells. The great increase in surface area of postoncospheral forms over the first week of infection, augmented by the display of multiple, microvillar projections, may provide not only or the absorption of nutrients required for growth, but also for the enhanced release of factors that affect survival of host cells and stimulate immunological defense mechanisms. PMID- 7119991 TI - Mating recognition by Schistosoma mansoni in vitro. PMID- 7119992 TI - Infection of Aedes aegypti with zygotes of Plasmodium gallinaceum fertilized in vitro. AB - Female gametes of Plasmodium gallinaceum fertilized in vitro, cleaned of all other blood constituents, resuspended in blood, and fed to Aedes aegypti through a membrane were infective. At the lowest zygote concentration, 10(4)/ml, nearly every ingested parasite produced an oocyst. As the concentration ingested increased, efficiency to infect diminished, until above 10(7) zygotes/ml the number of oocysts produced became constant. This method should be valuable for determining the nutrient requirements of the ookinete and early oocyst and for studying the effect of immune sera on these stages in vivo. PMID- 7119993 TI - Biological comparisons between a laboratory-maintained and a recently isolated field strain of Boophilus microplus. AB - Biological differences between two strains of Boophilus microplus were examined. The A-strain of ticks had been maintained at the laboratory for many years and the N-strain was recently isolated, being a composite strain derived from ticks from different sources in the field. In three experiments, up to three times as many N-strain ticks grew to maturity than did A-strain ticks, although A-strain ticks matured earlier. N-strain ticks were 17 to 60% heavier, and laid 50 to 100% more eggs than A-strain ticks. N-strain eggs were significantly more fertile than A-strain eggs. Unfed, N-strain larvae survived much longer than A-strain larvae. The reduced vitality of the A-strain is attributed to its long history in the laboratory during which time it has become biologically disadvantaged through inbreeding. These results suggest that some laboratory-maintained strains of ticks may be unsuitable for ecological or acaricide studies. PMID- 7119994 TI - The genus atoxoplasma (Protozoa, Apicomplexa). AB - The apicomplexan protozoan genus Atoxoplasma Garnham, 1950 is resurrected and the family Atoxoplasmatidae n. fam. established for homoxenous blood parasites of birds that develop asexually in both the blood and intestinal cells, and form oocysts that are passed unsporulated in the feces, sporulate on the ground, and then infect new hosts. A list of 19 species of Atoxoplasma is given. Atoxoplasma desseri n. sp. of the evening grosbeak Coccothraustes vespertinus and rose breasted grosbeak Pheucticus ludovicianus is named. PMID- 7119995 TI - Intestinal absorption of beta-methyl-D-glucoside in rats infected with Eimeria nieschulzi. PMID- 7119996 TI - Myositis in mouse trichinellosis. PMID- 7119997 TI - Densitometric thin-layer chromatographic analyses of sterols released by Amblosoma suwaense (Trematoda) and Leucochloridiomorpha constantiae (Trematoda) metacercariae. PMID- 7119998 TI - The Kraske approach to the repair of recurrent rectourethral fistula. AB - Rectourethral fistula is an uncommon surgical complication that may follow correction of anorectal anomalies. Previously described operations to repair the fistula have a high incidence of failure. Operative success is measured by achieving permanent separation of rectum from urethra, preventing urethral injury, and preserving urinary and fecal continence. Two patients with recurrent rectourethral fistula were repaired successfully. The operation described is performed through a posterior transsphincteric Kraske approach with direct repair of the fistula and resection of the fistula containing anorectal tube. PMID- 7119999 TI - THe significance of fever following operations in children. AB - To determine the incidence and clinical significance of early postoperative fever, all children (n = 256) undergoing surgery in the main operating theatres during a 4 wk period were studied. Admission and operating room data were reviewed and the clinical record was monitored at 12 hourly intervals for the first 3 postoperative days. The patients were followed for 1 mo for the development of recognizable complications. Seventy-three children (28.5%) developed fever greater than 38 degrees C but in only four (1.6%) did this represent a septic process. Physical examination led to the proper diagnosis in all. Risk factors that correlated statistically with postoperative fever were operation of greater than 2 hr (p less than .001), intraoperative transfusion (p less than .001), preexisting infection (p less than .01) and the use of preoperative antibiotics (p less than .001). Anatomic site of operation, age and sex were not significant factors. We conclude that many factors other than infection are responsible for post-operative fever. Further, only a very small proportion of children with early postoperative fever develop significant septic complications. In the assessment of postoperative fever a protocol which indiscriminately includes lab investigations and X-rays is costly and usually not diagnostic. Laboratory tests are indicated mainly to confirm diagnoses suspected by clinical evaluation. PMID- 7120000 TI - Whole bowel irrigation in pediatric patients. AB - Whole bowel irrigation was used in 24 patients ages 8 to 17 yr, mean 13 yr, in preparation for colonoscopy (18), colon surgery (2), therapeutic irrigation for treatment of drug overdose (2), and constipation (2). An average of 9 liters warm, normal saline with added KCL (5 mEq/liter) was infused through a nasogastric tube over a period of 7 +/- 2 hr (mean +/- SD). This resulted in a weight gain of 2% and a mild hyperchloremia. The vital signs remained stable and there were no complications. The colonic preparation was complete in 10, adequate in 8 and unsatisfactory in 2. The irrigation was effective in the treatment of overdose ingestion and constipation. It is concluded that whole bowel irrigation is a satisfactory method of colonic preparation of pediatric patients. PMID- 7120001 TI - Staged repair of ectopia cordis. AB - Ectopia cordis is a challenging congenital anomaly that generally has defied repair because of the magnitude of the deformity and the associated defects, particularly the intracardiac anomalies. We were fortunate to be presented with a boy who had successfully undergone an operation on the day of his birth to provide skin coverage over his bare ectopic heart. Subsequent studies disclosed no intracardiac anomalies. This paper describes the second stage of his repair designed to place the heart within the thorax and construct a bony shield anterior to it. PMID- 7120002 TI - The umbilicus as a site for temporary colostomy in infants. PMID- 7120003 TI - Chylothorax, chylopericardium with multiple lymphangioma of bone. PMID- 7120004 TI - Experience with peritoneo-venous shunting for congenital chylous ascites in infants and children. AB - The management of chylous ascites presenting in association with primary lymphedema of the limbs and possibly lymphatic malformation in the lungs is difficult when the increasing abdominal distension causes respiratory distress. Laparotomy may be useful in traumatic chylous ascites or in intestinal lymphangiectasia localized to a segment of the bowel. It would seem that when conservative management such as diuretics, diet, and repeated abdominal paracentesis do not improve the respiratory distress, a peritoneo-venous shunt is logical. This report of two patients with severe chylous ascites and generalized lymphatic malformations causing or accentuating respiratory distress, stresses the possibility that peritoneo-venous shunts may not have the same long term function as seen in cirrhotic ascites. Long-term follow-up on the use of these shunts specifically for chylous ascites is not available. PMID- 7120005 TI - Torsion of the wandering spleen: splenectomy or splenopexy. AB - Torsion of the wandering spleen is a rare condition usually unsuspected preoperatively. In previously reported cases in the past, attempts at splenopexy have failed and splenectomy has been regarded as the treatment of choice. We are presenting two children with splenic torsion. In one complete infarction of the spleen had occurred and so splenectomy could not be avoided. In the second, the spleen was viable and splenopexy was successfully performed. The clinical presentation, etiology, diagnostic procedures and management are discussed, and a surgical technique for splenopexy is described. PMID- 7120007 TI - Ileal dysgenesis in infants and children. AB - Ileal dysgenesis describes the segmental dilatation of the terminal ileum treated in seven patients presenting from birth to 15 yr. Manifestations included saccular segmental ileal dilatation adherent to the peritoneal surface of an omphalocele sac in two neonates, a radiographically delineated enterolith in a child studied for an unrelated disorder, and a syndrome including pallor, fatigue, and anemia in four children aged 10 to 15 yr. Literature review uncovered 11 similar patients to 38 yr of age. Other symptoms in that group included intestinal obstruction and recurrent abdominal pain. At laparotomy all patients were found to have segmental saccular or tubular dilatation of the terminal ileum. The dilated segments varied in length from 8 to 25 cm. Meckel's diverticula were present in two patients. Segmental resection and anastomosis was performed in all patients. No lumenal stenosis was present in any specimen to account for the dilatation. Previous reports have referred to this abnormality as "giant Meckel's diverticulum" or "segmental ileal dilatation." Evaluation of these 18 patients suggests that this entity is an intrinsic abnormality of ileal development at the morphologically active site of juncture with the yolk stalk. PMID- 7120006 TI - Spontaneous neonatal gastric perforation. AB - Sixteen cases of spontaneous neonatal gastric perforation seen between January 1969 and March 1979 are reported. There were 13 surgically treated patients and three autopsy cases. This study provides information relative to the incidence among black populations, an incidence 1 per 2,900 live births. The entity is at least four times more common in males than females. All perforations occurred within the first week of life (average 72 hr). All perforations were on the greater curvature of the fundus. The operative mortality of this series is 7.5% (1 of 13) with an overall mortality of 25% (4 of 16). A gastrostomy was routinely done. No peritoneal cavity drainage or segmental gastric resection was necessary. PMID- 7120008 TI - Course and prognosis after colectomy and ileostomy for inflammatory bowel disease in childhood and adolescence. AB - The clinical course of 32 pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis--18, Crohn's disease--14) after colectomy and ileostomy was investigated. Specific indications for surgery were: ulcerative colitis (severe colitis--50%, chronic disease--50%); Crohn's disease (fistulae--28%, severe colitis--28%, chronic disease--21%, hemorrhage--14%, growth failure--7%). Proctectomy was performed at the time of colectomy in 72% of patients with ulcerative colitis and in 64% of those with Crohn's disease. Major post-operative complications (stomal dysfunction without documented recurrent disease, obstruction, abscess, bleeding) were observed in 60% of all patients regardless of diagnosis. Histologically documented recurrent disease developed in 42% of the patients with Crohn's disease (mean follow-up: 5 yr) despite removal of all affected bowel. Ileal disease at the time of surgery appeared to be a poor prognostic factor. Sexual activity was either improved or unchanged in sexually active patients. Impotence was not observed in any of the male patients. Despite complications and recurrent disease, the majority (75%) of patients viewed colectomy and ileostomy as improving the quality of their life. PMID- 7120009 TI - Transvesical approach to utricular cysts. AB - Utricular cyst is an uncommon problem, mainly encountered in intersex conditions and is usually asymptomatic. These lesions have been classified in three main groups following the degree of masculinization by Howard. Three of our patients nevertheless have presented with very severe utricular and urinary infections, one of these having developed a scrotal fistula. Another was incontinent due to intra-utricular trapping. The first patient was operated upon by a perineal approach which we found extremely difficult. The next two patients were operated by a transvesical approach which offered many advantages: excellent exposure, ease of surgery, good reconstruction, and no sequellae. PMID- 7120010 TI - Cutaneous ciliated cyst case report and discussion of pathogenesis. PMID- 7120011 TI - Congenital teratoma of the submandibular gland. PMID- 7120012 TI - Duodenal atresia secondary to intrauterine midgut strangulation by an omphalocele. PMID- 7120013 TI - A Meckel's diverticulum incorporated into the lumen of the proximal bowel. PMID- 7120014 TI - Rectal atresia: treatment through a single sacral approach. AB - Rectal atresia (with a normal anus) is a rare abnormality. A boy was operated upon successfully by using a single stage sacral approach, when he was 1 yr old. In the neonatal period he had a colostomy done for decompression. This colostomy was later useful in demonstrating the distance between the two blind pouches of the anal canal and the rectosigmoid segment. He is now perfectly continent without stenosis, 3 yr after the operation. If this procedure could be done in the neonatal period before the colon becomes very dilated, a long term colostomy might be obviated. PMID- 7120015 TI - Moods and memories: elation, depression, and the remembering of the events of one's life. AB - Three experiments investigated the influence of current mood states on the remembering of past events of one's own life. In the first and the second experiment, participants were induced to experience either the mood state of elation or the mood state of depression. They then reported events and experiences that had occurred during the previous week. In the first and the second experiments, using converging methods for assessing memory for past events, participants differentially reported past events and experiences whose affective quality was congruent with their current mood states: participants in elated mood states preferentially reported pleasant events and happy experiences, and participants in depressed mood states preferentially reported unpleasant events and unhappy experiences. Additional evidence from the second experiment suggests that the differential remembering of affectively positive or affectively negative events requires that, at the time of the remembering of these events, participants actually experience the mood states of elation or depression and not simply attempt to remember past events that could account for elation or depression. In the third experiment, designed to assess the plausibility of "experimental demand" interpretations of these findings, participants who experienced ostensibly effective mood inductions that were actually ineffective failed to manifest differential remembering of affectively positive and affectively negative events. Implications of this series of experiments for understanding the mechanisms that may link moods and memories, as well as the intrapersonal and the interpersonal consequences of mood states, are discussed. PMID- 7120016 TI - Evidence for bipolar mood states. AB - Currently, the mood states are regarded as monopolar. This study tested in psychiatric subjects for the presence of five bipolar mood states after the influence of extreme response bias had been removed. The affective states hypothesized were: composed vs anxious, agreeable vs hostile, energetic vs fatigued, elated vs depressed, and clear-thinking vs confused. The sample of 303 cases included anxious, depressed and agoraphobic cases. Ratings of the 72 adjectives of the Profile of Mood States were intercorrelated. After extreme response bias score was partialled out the resulting correlations were analyzed by the method of principal components. The five factors isolated clearly support the bipolar nature of mood states postulated. PMID- 7120017 TI - The diagnostic accuracy and utility of MMPI and MCMI computer interpretive reports. AB - Comparisons were made among the two most frequently used automated reports associated with the MMPI and that of the recently developed MCMI. Twenty-three clinicians rated computer-generated interpretive narratives for 100 of their patients in terms of the adequacy of the information they supplied, their descriptive accuracy, and the utility of the report format. Differences among interpretive reports were statistically evaluated, utilizing eta. The NCS Mayo MMPI system was appraised as less satisfactory than the other systems on almost all substantive and stylistic comparisons. Despite possible Barnum effects, both the Roche MMPI and the MCMI programs were rated as valid and useful. MCMI narratives were judged more accurate in assessing interpersonal relationships (eta = .52), personality traits (eta = .50) and coping styles (eta = .53). PMID- 7120018 TI - Assessment of depression among incarcerated females. AB - The use of the abridged BDI as a depression screening device for a sample of recently incarcerated adult female felons was explored, and the concurrent validity of the instrument was examined. The results indicated that the abridged BDI was a highly reliable measure which substantially and significantly correlated with the MMPI D scale, as well as other MMPI scales. In addition, individuals who tended to score high or depressed on the abridged BDI consistently described themselves on self-concept rating scales in the direction of low self-esteem and low self-worth. Substantial and statistically significant negative correlations were consistently observed between the abridged BDI and self-concept measures. Consistent patterns of relationships between the abridged BDI and MMPI, as well as between the abridged BDI and self-concept scales, emerged and were congruent with clinical descriptions of depression. The consistency and pattern of results added strong support to the concurrent validity of the abridged BDI. PMID- 7120019 TI - Locus of control and depression: that confounded relationship. AB - Two studies were conducted to clarify the relationship between locus of control and depression. In the first study, 157 students rated the mood level of Rotter's I-E items. As predicted, the external responses were rated as significantly more depressive in tone than the internal responses. This result suggested that the frequently found relationship between depression and external locus of control might be artifactual, resulting from the mood level rather than the content of the external responses. In the second study, 108 students completed the Beck Depression Inventory and the I-E; as predicted, the scales were significantly positively correlated. However, also as predicted, the correlation was no longer significant once the mood level was partialed out from the I-E items. PMID- 7120021 TI - Differences in assertion and aggression between normal and neurotic family triads. AB - Compared assertive and aggressive behavior of 12 normal and 12 neurotic family triads using the Interpersonal Behavior Schedule and a semi-automated behavioral role playing task. Normal families were chosen from files of nonpsychiatric patients of a general hospital; neurotic families were chosen from psychiatric files in the same hospital. Neurotic families manifested disturbed marital relationships, neurotic symptoms in at least one member (but no psychotic behavior or organically based symptoms), a constricted emotional climate, and/or underachievement problems in the male adolescent. Results indicated that normals were significantly more assertive than the neurotic family group. The neurotic group reported less aggressiveness than the normal families. It was demonstrated in the self report data that the neurotic group seemed to be suppressing or denying their aggressive impulses more than the normals. The influence of powerful demand characteristics and individual and family defenses on the subjects' behavior was also discussed. PMID- 7120020 TI - Personality and smoking behavior. AB - Investigated the relationship between selected personality measures and the initiation and maintenance of smoking behavior. The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), the State-Trait Personality Inventory (STPI) and a Smoking Behavior Questionnaire were administered to 955 students (603 females; 352 males). Smokers had significantly higher scores than Nonsmokers on the EPQ Extraversion, Neuroticism and Psychoticism scales, and lower scores on the Lie Scale. Female Smokers had higher STPI Trait Anxiety scores than Nonsmokers, whereas male Smokers had lower anxiety scores than Nonsmokers. Female Current Smokers had lower Neuroticism and Trait Anxiety scores than Occasional and Ex Smokers, and Ex-Smokers of both sexes had higher scores on the STPI Trait Curiosity scale than Current and Occasional Smokers. It was concluded that the initiation and maintenance of smoking behavior are influenced by different personality factors. PMID- 7120022 TI - Clinical relevance of the Marlowe-Crowne Scale: a review and recommendations. AB - Research is reviewed which indicates the potential utility of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MCS) in a variety of clinical assessment contexts. In relation to other assessment devices, the MCS has been used to enhance predictive accuracy of several scales, and has predicted defensive reactions to negative personality test feedback. Research is also reviewed regarding MCS relationships to self-disclosure, therapy process variables, premature termination from psychotherapy, and selection of subjects for psychotherapy research. The role of the MCS as a therapy outcome measure is also discussed. Scoring norms for normal and clinical groups are presented, including discussion of the effects of age, education and race on MCS scores. A number of avenues for future research with the MCS are described. PMID- 7120023 TI - Pharmacokinetics in maternal-fetal unit after intravenous administration of p phenyl benzoic acid to rat. AB - The pharmacokinetics in maternal-fetal unit of 14C-p-phenyl benzoic acid was studied in intact and bile-duct-cannulated pregnant rats following the intravenous administration. The half life of the maternal blood level was shortened by bile duct-cannulation. However, the effect of bile duct-cannulation on the decay curve of fetal blood level was not recognized. There was no difference in the distribution pattern from whole body autoradiogram and tissue binding between mother and fetus. PPBA level in fetal plasma was different from that in maternal central and peripheral compartment based on pharmacokinetic analysis. The glucuronide levels in fetal intestine and amniotic fluid increased with time. The levels of PPBA and its glucuronide in fetal tissues on the 18th day of gestation were lower than the corresponding levels on the 20th day of gestation. The elimination rate of the glucuronide in amniotic fluid was higher on the 18th day of gestation. PMID- 7120024 TI - Change in pharmacokinetic character of a p-phenyl benzoic acid in developing fetus of rat. AB - The change in the pharmacokinetic character of p-phenyl benzoic acid (PPBA) in developing fetus of rat was investigated by a constant infusion of 14C-PPBA. PPBA level in tissues increased with the day of gestation. The hepatic clearance for PPBA showed the increase with the stage of development. The excretion of the glucuronide from liver into bile increased with the stage, remarkably between the 19th and 21st day of gestation. The developmental profile of UDP glucuronyltransferase activity in hepatic microsomes of fetus resembled that of the hepatic excretory function for the glucuronide. The glucuronide level in the amniotic fluid increased with the day of gestation, remarkably between the 19th and 21st day of gestation. The elimination rate of the glucuronide from amniotic fluid determined by intraamniotic injection of the glucuronide decreased linearly with the day of gestation. PMID- 7120025 TI - Effect of vasopressin on rat urinary prostaglandin excretion. AB - We studied the influence of rat renal prostaglandin on the effect of vasopressin, in vivo. In water-loaded rats, vasopressin induced a dose-related increase in total urinary prostaglandin E and prostaglandin F excretion and a decrease in total urine output. Urine excretion, which peaked in water-loaded controls during the first 2 h after loading, was suppressed in vasopressin-treated rats, however, their urinary prostaglandin E excretion was markedly enhanced. This increase in urinary prostaglandin E was suppressed by the simultaneous administration of indomethacin, and the 3-6 h post-administration peak in urine output of vasopressin-treated rats was inhibited. In hypophysectomized rats, urine excretion increased gradually after surgery, however, urinary prostaglandin E excretion decreased. Based on our present findings, we suggest that prostaglandin E produced in the rat kidney modulate the renal response to vasopressin. PMID- 7120026 TI - Studies on aspirin derivatives with very little side effects. III. Absorption, distribution, excretion and metabolism of tritium-labeled aspirin isopropylantipyrine (AIA) in rats. AB - The absorption, distribution, excretion, metabolism and protein binding of orally administered tritium-labeled aspirin-isopropylantipyrine (AIA) were demonstrated in rats. 3H-AIA having 0.1 micro Ci/mg of specific activity and 93.2% of radiochemical purity was prepared by the Wilzbach's method. When 3H-AIA was administered orally to rats, about 20% of the given 3H was absorbed from gastro intestinal tracts in 30 min and about 50% in 3 h, 72% of the dose was excreted in the feces and urine during 5 d, and 10% was excreted in the bile in 24 h. The highest accumulation of 3H in most organs was found in one to three hr after oral administration and 3H was concentrated in the liver. THe major metabolites excreted in urine within 24 h after administration were salicylic acid isopropylantipyrine (SIA) sulfate (57.7%) and SIA glucuronide (30.5%). The amount of free SIA excreted in urine was 1.2%. The carboxylamide bond of AIA was never cleaved in vivo to give salicylic acid and 3-aminomethylisopropylantipyrine. About 58% of 3H in blood 1 h after the administration was found with serum protein. PMID- 7120027 TI - Effect of 1-m-tolueneazo-2-naphthol on hepatic drug metabolism. I. Induction of cytochrome P-448. AB - Treatment of rats with 1-m-tolueneazo-2-naphthol (mTAN) caused marked increase in liver weight, microsomal 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activity and cytochrome P 450 content, with 2 nm hypochromic shift in CO difference spectrum. It decreased NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and aminopyrine N-demethylase activities. Treatment of 3-methylcholanthrene nonresponsive DBA/2 strain of mice with this azo compound resulted in a limited (1.5 fold) induction of cytochrome P-450 compared to 2.5 fold induction in responsive C57BL/6 strain of mice. The major species of liver microsomal P-450 from m-TAN treated rats was purified. This species of P-450 has a Solet peak at 416 nm in the absolute oxidized spectrum, 410 nm in the reduced spectrum and 447 nm in the spectrum of ferrous P-450-CO complex. This species of P-450 is spectrally indistinguishable from cytochrome P-448 induced by 3 methylcholanthrene. As an inducer of cytochrome P-450, m-TAN is similar to 3 methylcholanthrene with its potency equals to or exceeding that of 3 methylcholanthrene. It differs in that it causes marked increase in liver weight and decrease in NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity. PMID- 7120028 TI - Induction of a delayed type hypersensitivity to carrageenin in mice. AB - Induction of delayed type hypersensitivity to carrageenin in mice was investigated with successful results. Male ddY/s mice were immunized with 1 mg of carrageenin 100 microliters of Freund's complete adjuvant-saline (1:1) emulsion and challenged 10 d after the immunization on their footpads with either 10 or 40 micrograms of the antigen in 2.5 microliters of Freund's incomplete adjuvant saline (1:1) emulsion. The mice exhibited a strong allergic footpad reaction at 24-48 h after the challenge injection. The footpad reaction was successfully transferred with spleen cells. Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug, indomethacin, and steroidal antiinflammatory drug, dexamethasone, suppressed the delayed type hypersensitivity reaction. PMID- 7120029 TI - Effects of calcium blockers and Mn2+ on the response of isolated rat iris sphincter and dilator muscles to agonists and Ca2+. AB - Effects of calcium blockers and Mn on the mechanical response of the isolated rat iris sphincter and the dilator were investigated. The contraction of the sphincter in response to acetylcholine, the contraction of the dilator in response to norepinephrine and the relaxation-contraction of the dilator in response to acetylcholine and also resting tone of dilator muscle were strongly dependent to external Ca concentration to different extents, while these responses and the tone were scarcely affected by calcium blockers, D-600, diltiazem (all 1 micro M), or nitroprusside Na (0.1 nM). In depolarized sphincter muscle (in the presence of atropine and phentolamine), the contraction induced by externally added Ca was reduced moderately by the Ca-blockers but this effect was far weaker than that expected from their effect on other smooth muscles. Mn (0.3 mM) moderately reduced the calcium contraction of depolarized sphincter. In depolarized dilator muscle, the contraction induced by Ca was not inhibited effectively by any of these Ca blockers but was moderately reduced by Mn. It is suggested that the rat iris muscles are resistant to "organic Ca-blockers" but sensitive to Mn, an "inorganic Ca-blocker". PMID- 7120030 TI - Protective effect of flunarizine against cerebral hypoxia-anoxia in mice and rats. AB - The protective effect of flunarizine against cerebral hypoxia-anoxia was investigated with various experimental models in mice and rats. The effect of flunarizine was compared with those of cinnarizine, verapamil and pentobarbital. The oral treatment of animals with flunarizine resulted in a consistent and long lasting-protection against cerebral hypoxia-anoxia in all the models examined: Cytotoxic anoxia by KCN injection, hypercapnic anoxia induced by stopping artificial respiration, hypobaric hypoxia and normobaric hypoxia. The minimal effective dose of flunarizine was 1 to 20 mg/kg. The activity of flunarizine was 4 to 30 times as potent as that of cinnarizine and pentobarbital. Verapamil showed little or no protective effect. The mode of action of flunarizine was different from that of pentobarbital, which showed protection at anaesthetizing doses. These results indicate that flunarizine possesses a universal protective effect against cerebral hypoxia-anoxia, through the mechanism involved remains to be clarified. Hence, it is suggested that flunarizine might exert a beneficial effect on oxygen insufficiency of the brain resulting from cerebral ischemia. PMID- 7120031 TI - A study of esterase--its application to biotransformation of midecamycin derivatives. AB - Esterases of intestinal mucosa and liver from human and rat were used to study the biotransformation of midecamycin derivatives. In the in vitro experiment with rat esterases, the 4"-acyl derivatives were more easily hydrolyzed than the 9 acyl derivatives. Among the 9-acyl esters, the highest hydrolytic activity was observed with butyrate. In the in vivo experiment, when the rats were administered with the derivatives of 4"-depropionylmidecamycin (M1) orally, comparatively more 9-acyl metabolites were excreted in the urine, but the amount of the 4"-acyl metabolites was very small. In the in vitro experiment with human esterases, the 9-acyl esters were hydrolyzed more easily than the 4"-acyl esters. Among the 9-acyl esters of M1, the highest hydrolytic activity was observed with butyrate. When the 9-acyl esters were administered to humans, the n-butyl ester was hydrolyzed faster than the acetyl ester. When the 9,4"-diacetyl ester was administered to humans, comparatively more 4"-acyl metabolites were excreted in the urine. These results suggest that the experiment with the use of these esterases is useful to estimate the biotransformation of midecamycin derivatives. PMID- 7120032 TI - Stimulative effects of cortisol and testosterone on bile calcium excretion in thyroparathyroidectomized rats. AB - The effects of cortisol and testosterone on calcium metabolism in the hepatic bile system were investigated in thyroparathyroidectomized rats. A single subcutaneous administration of cortisol (0.1 mg/100 g) or testosterone (0.1 mg/100 g) caused a significant fall in serum calcium and a corresponding increase in liver calcium. On the other hand, the excretion of calcium into the bile after a single intraperitoneal injection of calcium chloride (4.0 mg Ca/100 g) was markedly increased by the administration of cortisol (0.1 and 1.0 mg/100 g) or testosterone (0.1 and 1.0 mg/100 g). However, the bile calcium excretion was not significantly altered by the administration of thyroxine (0.1 and 1.0 mg/100 g) or vitamin D3 (20 and 100 microgram/100 g). The present results suggest that the hypocalcemic effect of cortisol or testosterone is partly based on the stimulation of calcium excretion into the bile by the hormones. PMID- 7120033 TI - Influence of aggregation on the action of methamphetamine in locomotor activity. PMID- 7120034 TI - Estradiol 17 beta-sulfate as a substrate for 2-hydroxylation enzyme of rat liver microsomes (clinical analysis on steroids. XX). AB - 4-14C-Estradiol and its 17 beta-sulfate were incubated with rat liver microsomes under NADPH-generating system. Estradiol in liver microsomes from male and female rats was metabolized to multiple kinds of oxidized products including estrone, 2 hydroxyestrone, 2-hydroxyestradiol, and other minor steroids. Incubation of estradiol 17 beta-sulfate was carried out by the same condition, and it was shown that the metabolic pattern between male and female rats was different. By incubation of estradiol 17 beta-sulfate with male rat liver microsomes, 2 hydroxyestradiol 17 beta-sulfate was obtained as the sole product (6%). The hydroxylation was shown to occur without cleavage of the conjugate group. No such regulating effect by conjugate group on 2-hydroxylation of estradiol 17 beta sulfate was observed in liver microsomes from female rats. The amount of 2 hydroxyestradiol 17 beta-sulfate formed was only 1%, and other metabolites which were thought to be monohydroxylated estradiols were produced as the major products. The 2-hydroxylated metabolite of estradiol 17 beta-sulfate was confirmed by its isolation as a stable form of derivative by the following way. The incubation mixture of massive amount of estradiol 17 beta-sulfate was extracted with n-butanol. Methylation of the extract with diazomethane, followed by acid-catalized hydrolysis, acetylation, and finally separation by preparative thin-layer chromatography, gave a crystalline material, the spectral properties of which were completely identical with those of the synthetic specimen, 2, 3 dimethoxy-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-17 beta-yl acetate. PMID- 7120035 TI - Correlation between in vivo mean dissolution time and in vitro mean dissolution time of ampicillin products. AB - The mean in vitro dissolution times (in vitro MDT) of ampicillin products were evaluated from the dissolution curves in distilled water using the USP-XX dissolution apparatus, and were compared with the mean in vivo dissolution times (in vivo MDT) reported previously. In both in vivo and in vitro cases, MDT of the trihydrate capsule was greater than those of the anhydrate capsules. A good linear correlation was observed between in vivo and in vitro MDT (r = 0.999, p less than 0.001). PMID- 7120036 TI - Structure-activity studies of some oleanane triterpenoid glycosides and their related compounds from the leaves of Tetrapanax papyriferum on anti-inflammatory activities. AB - The anti-inflammatory activities of oleanane triterpenoid glycosides, papyrioside L-IIa, L-IIb, L-IIc and L-IId, extracted from Tetrapanax papyriferum (Araliaceae), and their aglycones, papyriogenin A and C and propapyriogenin A1 and A2, were investigated by using the carrageenin-induced edema and the cotton pellet granuloma tests in mice. Of these compounds, papyriogenin A and C (30 mg/kg p.o.) manifested in these tests almost the same potency as prednisolone (25 mg/kg p.o.). The structure-activity relationships of these and related triterpenes have been investigated. This takes into account particularly variation in the oxygen function and the molecular conformation. We have found that the anti-inflammatory activity of these triterpenes was favoured when the molecules tended to take a planar conformation; this was induced by the heteroanulardiene group between C and D ring. PMID- 7120037 TI - Inhibition of collagen synthesis in the femur of rats orally administered stannous chloride. AB - The effect of stannous chloride on bone metabolism was examined in weanling male rats given oral dose of 1.0 mg Sn/kg at 12-h intervals for 28 d. Hydroxyproline content in the femoral diaphysis but not epiphysis was significantly decreased by tin administration for 14 and 28 d, while free proline contents in the femoral diaphysis and epiphysis were not changed significantly. 3H-Hydroxyproline contents in the femoral diaphysis and epiphysis labeled with 3H-proline injection were not significantly altered by tin administration. In vitro collagen synthesis in the femoral epiphysis tissue but not diaphysis was markedly reduced by tin administration between 3 and 14 d, although 3H-proline incorporations into the femoral diaphysis and epiphysis tissues were not changed significantly. On the other hand, in vitro incorporation of 3H-thymidine into the femoral epiphysis but not diaphysis was significantly decreased by tin administration between 7 and 28 d. A significant decrease of DNA content in the femoral epiphysis but not diaphysis was also observed by tin administration for 14 and 28 d. The present study suggests that tin administration causes the inhibition of collagen synthesis prior to the suppression of DNA synthesis in the femoral epiphysis of rats. PMID- 7120038 TI - The immunosuppressive effects of trichothecenes and cyclochlorotine on the antibody responses in guinea pigs. AB - Immunosuppressive effects of trichothecenes of Fusarium solani and Fusarium nivale, T-2 toxin and fusarenon-X, and also of a mycotoxin of Penicillium islandicum, cyclochlorotine, were studied by measuring the anti-2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP) antibody responses in guinea pigs immunized with DNP-bovine serum albumin. Among these mycotoxins, T-2 toxin alone suppressed strongly the anti-DNP antibody responses at a certain sublethal dose. With other mycotoxins, no effect was observed at any sublethal doses tested. All of the mycotoxins, on the other hand, inhibited the in vitro blast transformation of guinea pig splenic cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli (B cell mitogen) or concanavalin A (T cell mitogen), when measured by incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA. Their inhibitory activities were independent of the sort of mitogen used. As in the case of the antibody responses, T-2 toxin was most potent in reducing the DNA synthesis, and exhibited about 10 and 1000 times as potent inhibitory activity as fusarenon-X and cyclochlorotine, respectively. PMID- 7120039 TI - Viscometric analysis of effects of cytochalasins on in vitro polymerization and depolymerization of microtubules. AB - Nineteen cytochalasins including 6 natural cytochalasins, 2 natural aspochalasins, 7 natural chaetoglobosins and 4 their acetates were investigated by viscometry to examine their effects on in vitro polymerization and depolymerization of microtubules. Cytochalasin A was proved as an only active cytochalasin, confirming the studies of Himes et al., and others showed very weak or no noticeable effects. This results indicate that a wide range of effects of cytochalasins are not related to interactions with microtubules. PMID- 7120041 TI - In vitro O-methylation of 4-hydroxyestrone monosulfates. AB - In vitro O-methylation of 4-hydroxyestrone monosulfates has been examined by means of high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. When 4-hydroxyestrone or its 3-sulfate was incubated with rat liver homogenate in the presence of S-adenosyl-L-methionine, the 4-methyl ether was formed in twelve times larger amount than the 3-methyl ether. 4-Hydroxyestrone 4-sulfate served for O-methylation to much less extent as a substrate namely, only a small amount of the 4-methyl ether was formed. Enzymic sulfation of 4-hydroxyestrone with rat liver 105000 g supernatant fortified with adenosine 3'-phosphate 5' phosphosulfate provided solely catechol estrogen 4-sulfates. The participation of catechol O-methyltransferase and aryl sulfatase in the formation of guaiacol estrogens has been discussed. PMID- 7120040 TI - A drug absorption model of the intestinal tract based on the two-dimensional laminar flow in a circular tube. AB - A drug absorption model was developed by using the two-dimensional laminar flow in a circular tube, considering a small water absorption or secretion in the intestinal perfusion experiment. The concentration in the intestinal tract was determined by the axial component of velocity, the radial component of velocity, the membrane permeability coefficient, the reflection coefficient and so on. According to the calculated values, the concentration decreased not only from the inlet to the outlet but also from the center of the intestinal tract to the intestinal wall. The concentration at the aqueous-intestinal membrane interface was changed by the radial component of velocity, so it was suggested that the effective thickness of the aqueous diffusion layer (unstirred water layer) varies with a small water absorption or secretion. PMID- 7120042 TI - Measurement of empathy toward rape victims and rapists. AB - The purpose of the present study was the construction of the Rape Empathy Scale (RES), designed to measure subjects' empathy toward the rape victim and the rapist in a heterosexual rape situation. The results of psychometric analyses of reliability for both a student and juror sample are presented, in addition to evidence of cross-validation on separate student and juror samples. Significant differences between male and female subjects' RES scores were found, as well as differences between scores of women who had experienced a rape situation (rape victims and rape resisters) and women with no previous exposure to rape. RES scores were predictive of both students' and jurors' ratings of defendant guilt, as well as their recommended sentences for the defendant and their attributions of responsibility for the crime. Furthermore, subjects' RES scores were predictive of their social perceptions of the rape victim and defendant, and male jurors' RES scores were negatively correlated with their reported desire to rape a woman. The results are discussed in relation to the low conviction rate for sexual assault cases and the importance of juror selection as a vehicle for increasing the number of just convictions in rape cases. PMID- 7120043 TI - Intraindividual variability in theophylline pharmacokinetics: statistical verification in 39 of 60 healthy young adults. PMID- 7120044 TI - A method for estimating within-individual variability in clearance and in volume of distribution from standard bioavailability studies. AB - Bioavailability studies are commonly undertaken, and most, because they involve subjects taking repeated doses of a drug, contain information on intraindividual variability in pharmacokinetics. However, because in such studies bioavailability itself is unknown, it is difficult to resolve which pharmacokinetic parameters vary within individuals. A mathematical model is presented which permits estimation of variability in clearance and in volume of distribution. When applied to pooled data arising from five theophylline bioavailability studies, this model has given statistical evidence that clearance of theophylline is inherently more variable within individuals (coefficient of variation, 13%) than volume of distribution (8%). As a result, use of the measurement AUC-beta rather than AUC as a more precise index of bioavailability is justified in studies where beta is measured with reasonable precision. The model could be applied to estimation of within-batch within-person variability in bioavailability. PMID- 7120045 TI - Effect of dose size on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous hydrocortisone during endogenous hydrocortisone suppression. AB - The pharmacokinetics of hydrocortisone were examined following single intravenous doses of 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg hydrocortisone, as the sodium succinate salt, to healthy male volunteers. Endogenous hydrocortisone was suppressed by administration of 2 mg dexamethasone the night before hydrocortisone injection. Plasma samples obtained serially during 8 h after hydrocortisone injection were assayed by reverse-phase HPLC using a fixed wavelength (254 nm) ultraviolet detector. Initial concentrations of hydrocortisone in plasma were proportional to dose size. The subsequent decline in hydrocortisone concentrations was biphasic, and individual data sets were adequately described in terms of the pharmacokinetic two-compartment open model. Values of pharmacokinetic parameters were similar from the 5, 10, and 20 mg doses. Following the 40 mg dose, the overall elimination rate constant decreased, while the distribution volume, Vdss, and plasma clearance increased, in comparison with the values obtained from lower doses. Changes in the pharmacokinetics of hydrocortisone at high doses may be related to drug concentration-dependent changes in the binding of hydrocortisone to plasma proteins. Previously reported dose-dependent changes in some pharmacokinetic parameters following oral hydrocortisone are attributed to absorption rather than distribution or elimination effects. PMID- 7120046 TI - Comparison of the disposition of total and unbound sulfisoxazole after single and multiple dosing. AB - Plasma concentrations of total and unbound sulfisoxazole were followed after single intravenous and oral doses of 1 g sulfisoxazole and during a 500-mg, four time-a-day dosing regimen in six healthy males, using a specific high pressure liquid chromatographic assay method. Saturable plasma protein binding was observed at total concentrations above 80-100 mg/liter. The clearance of sulfisoxazole was 18.7 +/- 3.9 ml/min for total drug and 232 +/- 64 ml/min for unbound drug. Renal elimination, on the average, accounted for 49% of the clearance of sulfisoxazole. The apparent volume of distribution for total drug was 10.9 +/- 2.0 liters and 136 +/- 36 liters for unbound drug, indicating that sulfisoxazole is primarily distributed extracellularly. Accumulation of N4-acetyl sulfisoxazole during multiple dosing did not affect the disposition of sulfisoxazole. Adjusting for variable renal clearances between oral and intravenous administration and using the unbound plasma concentrations, the bioavailability for an oral dose of sulfisoxazole was found to be 0.95 +/- 0.04. PMID- 7120047 TI - The pharmacokinetics of digoxin in newborn and adult sheep. AB - The pharmacokinetics of digoxin were determined in 12 ewes and 13 newborn sheep after bolus drug administration and under steady state drug conditions. After death, tissue distribution of digoxin was determined and normalized to plasma drug concentrations at steady state. Volume of distribution and total drug clearance were lower at steady state than the comparable variables calculated from bolus drug administration. No significant difference between ewes and newborns was shown for drug distribution half-life (0.72 vs. 0.76 hr), drug elimination half-life (15.2 vs. 13.7), or renal drug clearance (0.86 vs. 0.89 liters/kg/hr). Total drug clearance as well as the area derived and steady state volumes of distribution were higher in newborns than in ewes. Digoxin secretion into the urine was limited in newborns, as evidenced by a lower renal digoxin clearance to creatinine clearance ratio in newborns than in ewes (371 vs. 600%). The plasma concentration of digoxin at steady state correlated well with myocardial drug concentrations. Drug distribution was similar in both age groups; however, the tissue to plasma digoxin ratio in kidney was higher in newborns than in ewes (mean 469 vs. 263, respectively). Although age-related differences in drug clearance and distribution volume existed, intersubject variation was substantial, and the demonstrated variations were not large enough to account for the high doses of digoxin used to treat congestive heart failure in immature subjects. PMID- 7120048 TI - Tissue pharmacokinetics of clonidine in rats. AB - The antihypertensive drug clonidine exhibits nonlinear pharmacokinetics in man and rats after intravenous injection. In order to define the basis of this nonlinearity, tissue kinetics of clonidine in rats were determined at three dose levels. It was found that tissue concentrations of clonidine were linearly related to dose increases in most organs with the exception of the heart, suggesting that there was a limited binding capacity in this organ. The rate of disappearance of clonidine from most tissues was best described by a monoexponential curve with half-lives of 30 to 120 min. An exception was the stomach, and clonidine accumulated in this organ, probably due to a pH partitioning effect of this weak base. Renal clearance of clonidine in rats was also examined and found to decrease by approximately 40% when the dose was increased from 50 microgram/kg to 250 microgram/kg. It was concluded that renal clearance and and possibly fecal clearance could explain the nonlinear pharmacokinetics of clonidine. PMID- 7120050 TI - Physiology: combining biochemical and colloidal perspectives. PMID- 7120051 TI - Antibiotic certification--an anachronism. PMID- 7120049 TI - Interspecies scaling, allometry, physiological time, and the ground plan of pharmacokinetics. PMID- 7120052 TI - Kinetics and mechanism of hydrolysis of labile quaternary ammonium derivatives of tertiary amines. AB - The kinetics and mechanism of hydrolysis of N-(4-hydroxy-3,5 dimethylbenzyl)pyridinium bromide and similar quaternary derivatives of niacinamide, N,N-dimethylaniline, and trimethylamine were investigated. pH-Rate profiles at 25 degrees for formation of tertiary amine and 4-hydroxymethyl-2,6 dimethylphenol indicated that the zwitterionic quaternary phenoxide was the reactive species in alkaline solution. The apparent rate of hydrolysis was strongly inhibited by addition of small amounts of product tertiary amine, which is consistent with the presence of an intermediate in the reaction pathway. A mechanism was proposed for the hydrolysis and methanolysis of these compounds involving the reversible formation of the quinone methide, 4-methylene,-2,6 dimethyl-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-one, followed by a trapping reaction with solvent or nucleophiles. Replacement of the phenolic hydrogen with methyl or acetyl groups greatly stabilized the molecule which is in agreement with the proposed mechanism. For the ester, the rate of amine release was limited by specific base catalyzed hydrolysis of the ester group. Compounds of this type may be useful in prodrug design for tertiary amines. The possibility of quinone methine intermediates in the degradation of structurally similar drugs, such as epinephrine, was discussed. PMID- 7120053 TI - Concentration-dependent disappearance of fluorouracil from peritoneal fluid in the rat: experimental observations and distributed modeling. AB - The rate of disappearance of fluorouracil from peritoneal fluid has been experimentally measured and mathematically modeled. The experimental data were obtained following the instillation of 50 ml of dialysis fluid which contained an initial fluorouracil concentration ranging from 24 microM to 12 mM. The rate of disappearance was strongly dependent upon concentration. A distributed model has been formulated which incorporates concepts of diffusion with saturable metabolism and nonsaturable capillary uptake in the tissue surrounding the peritoneal fluid. This model successfully describes the experimental observations and also suggests that the effective penetration depth into tissue is highly dependent upon concentration. PMID- 7120054 TI - Cardiac stimulant action of constituents of Aloe saponaria. PMID- 7120055 TI - Antitumor agents LIII: The effects of daphnoretin on nucleic acid and protein synthesis of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. PMID- 7120056 TI - Antitumor agents LIV: The effects of daphnoretin on in vitro protein synthesis of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and other tissues. PMID- 7120057 TI - Square root of time dependence of matrix formulations with low drug content. AB - One of the conditions of derivation of the Higuchi square root law is that A/epsilon greater than S/2 where A is drug content per cubic centimeter of matrix tablet, epsilon is the porosity, and S is the solubility of the drug in the dissolution medium. In actuality, A/epsilon should be larger than S. It is shown in this work that a similar square root equation can be derived when A/epsilon less than S. Experimental data are presented supporting the equation Q = A(Dt)1/2, where Q is the amount of drug released per square centimeter at time t and D is the diffusion coefficient. PMID- 7120059 TI - Medicated tampons: intravaginal sustained administration of metronidazole and in vitro-in vivo relationships. AB - The technical feasibility of utilizing tampons as a drug delivery system for prolonged intravaginal drug administrations was studied. Several commercially available brands of tampons were examined. The methodology for the incorporation of various doses of metronidazole, an antitrichomonas agent, in tampons was described. The sustained-release profile of metronidazole from these medicated tampons was characterized. Intravaginal administration of metronidazole via the medicated tampons was investigated in rhesus monkeys and human volunteers, and in vitro-in vivo correlations were established. The biopharmaceutics of intravaginal absorption of metronidazole via medicated tampons was analyzed in comparison with a vaginal solution formulation. PMID- 7120058 TI - Microencapsulation III: Preparation of invertase microcapsules. AB - Invertase was incorporated into polyamide microcapsules. The following parameters were studied: pH of the aqueous phase during interfacial polymerization; duration of the polymerization; surfactant concentration; stirring rate; improvements in the isolation procedure; effect of lyophilization. The inactivation of the encapsulated enzyme by pepsin was shown to be related to the acidic incubation medium and prompted incorporation of protective proteins in the microcapsules. This process allowed relative protection of the enzyme. In a second set of experiments, an emulsification-reticulation method was developed, which encapsulated invertase in a cross-linked protein. Various proteins and bifunctional acylating agents were tested. Microcapsules of immobilized invertase were prepared through cross-linking of the enzyme protein itself. PMID- 7120060 TI - Synthesis and bioevaluation of a series of fatty acid esters of p-[N,N-bis(2 chloroethyl)amino]phenol. AB - A series of even numbered fatty acid esters (C2-C18) of p-[N,N-bis(2 chloroethyl)amino]phenol were synthesized and evaluated as to acute toxicity as well as effectiveness against L-1210 mouse leukemia. The acetate through the decanoate derivatives demonstrated toxicity between 2 and 3 times that of phenol mustard in HA/ICR mice. The less soluble laurate, myristate, palmitate, and stearate derivatives were less toxic. Significant survival times in the leukemia studies (T/C% greater than or equal to 125) were observed for all compounds except the acetate and hexanoate derivatives. The myristate derivative produced the greatest significant increase in survival time, 162%. The palmitate and stearate derivatives produced significant survival at five and four dosage levels, respectively. The butyrate and laurate derivatives produced significant survival at three dosage levels and the octanoate, decanoate, and myristate at two dosage levels. PMID- 7120061 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of digoxin formulations. AB - A rapid, selective, and simple high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay for digoxin formulations is described. The method utilizes a conventional octadecyl bonded phase column with detection at 220 nm. The analytical procedure has been applied for the quantitation of digoxin in tablets, elixir, and injectable formulations with a resulting relative standard deviation of 1.45, 1.70, and 1.80%, respectively. The method is sufficiently sensitive to monitor content uniformity of individual tablets. Potential impurities or degradation products are resolved from the digoxin peak in a total chromatographic time of less than 15 min. PMID- 7120062 TI - Formation of hydrotalcite in mixtures of aluminum hydroxycarbonate and magnesium hydroxide gels. AB - IR and X-ray analysis demonstrate that hydrotalcite forms during the aging of aluminum hydroxycarbonate gel and magnesium hydroxide gel mixtures. The formation of hydrotalcite produces a change in the pH-stat titrigram and a sharp increase in the pH of the mixture. Hydrotalcite was noted earlier in mixtures having a high molar ratio of magnesium to aluminum, a high total gel concentration, a high initial pH, or in mixtures stored at elevated temperatures. The addition of sorbitol to the mixtures substantially delayed the appearance of hydrotalcite. Nonacid-reactive hydrotalcite formed when mixtures of chloride-containing aluminum hydroxide gel and magnesium hydroxide gel were aged. PMID- 7120064 TI - Toxicity of polyalkylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles II: Doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles. PMID- 7120065 TI - Theorems on the apparent volume of distribution of a linear system. PMID- 7120063 TI - Toxicity of polyalkylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles I: Free nanoparticles. PMID- 7120066 TI - Synthesis and hypoglycemic activity of benzamidophenyl-alkanoic acid derivates: new inhibitors of gluconeogenesis. AB - A series of omega-[2-(N-alkylbenzamido)-phenyl]-alkanoic acids was synthesized and tested for its effects on blood glucose concentration in fasted rats and on gluconeogenesis from lactate and pyruvate in isolated perfused rat livers. The compounds led to a dose-dependent and reversible inhibition of gluconeogenesis, with 4-[2-(N-methyl-3-trifluoromethylbenzamido)-phenyl]-butanoic acid leading to a 50% inhibition at 0.02 mM. The compounds lowered blood glucose in fasted rats. No correlation between hypoglycemic effect and inhibition of gluconeogenesis could be detected, however. PMID- 7120067 TI - Optical purity determination by NMR: use of chiral lanthanide shift reagents and a base line technique. AB - A method for optical purity determination of a range of chiral drug molecules by NMR spectroscopy is reported. This technique involves the use of optically active lanthanide shift reagents and a newly developed base line analysis. Its applicability was demonstrated for a variety of drugs including nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents and some adrenergic agents. It is established that successful application of the method depends on a constant shift reagent to sample molar ratio, constant instrumental conditions for all solutions, and the use of a calibration curve derived from solutions containing the same total concentration of the two enantiomers. For the examples cited, the correlation coefficient is not less than 0.97, and a mathematical treatment is included which supports the basis of the method. PMID- 7120068 TI - Liposome dialysis for improved size distributions. AB - A technique is described which allows reproducible preparation of liposomes with improved size-frequency distributions. The recent procedure of extrusion of crude liposome dispersions through controlled-pore polycarbonate membranes is used to control the upper limit of liposome diameter. Subsequent dialysis, using the same type of membrane, can remove the majority of liposomes smaller than a predetermined size. The pattern of dialysis of a liposome preparation is a function of the size-frequency distribution (as well as the membrane pore size) and can be used to approximate the distribution and/or used to monitor the reproducibility of liposome preparations. PMID- 7120069 TI - Disposition of quinidine in the rabbit. AB - Quinidine shows two-compartment characteristics in rabbits with a terminal half life of 67 min for total drug and 58 min for unbound drug. Statistically, the values are not significantly different from each other (p greater than 0.05). The clearances for total and unbound drug are 52 and 464 ml/min/kg, respectively, and the total and unbound apparent volumes of distribution at steady state are 4.2 and 27.3 liters/kg, respectively. The unbound clearance and unbound apparent volume of distribution were inversely related to the unbound fraction of quinidine in plasma. The total clearance and apparent volume of distribution showed no relationship to the binding. Approximately 0.5% of the dose was excreted as unchanged quinidine. Six identifiable metabolites were found in the urine, accounting for approximately 14% of the dose. Two unknown metabolites were also observed in the urine. With the exception of 2'-quinidinone, these metabolites were formed in the rate-limiting step in the metabolite kinetics. The quinidine unbound fraction ranged from 0.06 to 0.23 in the eight rabbits studied. The binding of the metabolites was less pronounced, and only 3-hydroxyquinidine showed a significant correlation with quinidine binding. PMID- 7120070 TI - Simultaneous determination of corticosterone, hydrocortisone, and dexamethasone in dog plasma using high performance liquid chromatography. AB - A sensitive, specific and reproducible high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure, using the normal phase and radial compression system, is described for the simultaneous determination of corticosterone, hydrocortisone, and dexamethasone in plasma, with prednisolone as the internal standard. Samples were extracted with methylene chloride and chromatographed on a microparticulate silica gel column using a radial compression system with UV detection at 254 nm. The assay has been applied in pharmacokinetic studies, and a typical plasma concentration-time profile for three corticosteroids (all with 2 ng/ml sensitivity) is presented for dogs receiving dexamethasone. PMID- 7120073 TI - Thiazides IV: Comparison of dissolution with bioavailability of chlorothiazide tablets. AB - Based on the initial dissolution rate profiles in water, a slow-dissolving, an intermediate-dissolving, and a fast-dissolving chlorothiazide 250-mg tablet were selected for the bioavailability and bioequivalence study. In addition, two marketed 500-mg chlorothiazide tablets were studied. The three 250-mg tablets were bioequivalent, as were the two 500-mg tablets. Therefore, the dissolution test conditions were modified to associate in vitro dissolution with in vivo performance of the product. Based on these results, it was concluded that a dissolution of 75% in 60 min by paddle method at 75 rpm in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer can be used as a quality assurance test for 250- and 500-mg chlorothiazide tablets. PMID- 7120071 TI - Rapid enzymatic preparation of [14C]D-leucine from [14C]DL-leucine. PMID- 7120072 TI - Correction of perfusate concentration for sample removal. AB - Repeated sampling of a drug solution that is recirculated through a perfused body increases the rate of drug disappearance from the perfusate. When the volume of the drug solution (VT) is maintained constant by addition of drug-free perfusate after sampling, the measured drug concentration (Ci) can be corrected for drug removed in previous samples by using the equation C'i = CiVTC'i-1/(VT - VS)Ci-1, where C'i is the corrected drug concentration in the ith sample, VS is the volume of the sample, and C'1 = C1. An error in an particular Ci is not transmitted to a subsequent C'i value. The method can be used when the time interval between samples and when VS vary from sample to sample, but return of the drug from the perfused body to the perfusate after sampling may cause C'i to be overestimated. PMID- 7120074 TI - Effect of skin binding on percutaneous transport of benzocaine from aqueous suspensions and solutions. PMID- 7120075 TI - Degradation of melphalan in aqueous solutions--influence of human albumin binding. PMID- 7120076 TI - HPLC analysis of indomethacin and its impurities in capsule and suppository formulations. AB - Indomethacin and its impurities in suppository and capsule formulations were quantitatively determined by HPLC using a reversed-phase, octadecyl column and a mobile phase of methanol-water-acetonitrile-acetic acid (55:35:10:1). Analysis of the suppository formulations provided a mean potency for indomethacin of 103.8%. The same formulation was found to contain 4-chlorobenzoic acid (0.02%), 5-methoxy 2-methyl-3-indoleacetic acid (0.07%), 4-chlorobenzoic acid-alpha-monoglyceride (0.39%), and indomethacin-alpha-monoglyceride (0.9%) as impurities. The latter two impurities were a result of the interaction of indomethacin and 4 chlorobenzoic acid with glycerin used in the suppository base. Capsule formulations were likewise assayed with an average potency of 99.9 and 101.5% for 25- and 50-mg dosage forms, respectively. Only one of the two capsule formulations examined contained detectable quantities of 4-chlorobenzoic acid (0.05%). PMID- 7120077 TI - Correlation of antitumor activity and electron deficiency of nitrofuranylhydrazone compounds. PMID- 7120078 TI - Detection of phytonadione in vegetable oil. PMID- 7120079 TI - The direct analysis of tetracycline in urine by circular dichroism spectropolarimetry. PMID- 7120080 TI - Tick repellents I: Ethylene glycol acetamides. PMID- 7120081 TI - Surgical catheterization of heptic-portal and peripheral circulations and maintenance in pharmacokinetic studies. AB - A surgical procedure for the chronic catheterization of mongrel dogs was presented with a detailed account of the use and maintenance of these catheters. The methodology allowed for a direct determination of the capacity of the liver to the intact animal to metabolize drugs. The technique permitted the investigator to study the oxidation of drugs by the liver in a specific concentration range and assessment of the first-pass effect of the liver when many drugs are administered via the oral route. The dogs were prepared and use in the drug pharmacokinetic studies for periods up to 24 days. PMID- 7120082 TI - Cattle and sheep skin permeability: a comparison of frozen and reconstituted skin with that of fresh skin. PMID- 7120083 TI - The NIH and political pressures. PMID- 7120084 TI - Extended Hildebrand solubility approach and the log linear solubility equation. AB - The log linear solubility equation, log S = log Sw + sigma f, was studied in relationship to the extended Hildebrand solubility approach. It is shown that the log linear form may be derived beginning with the extended Hildebrand approach. The log linear expression gives a good linear fit for semipolar drugs in a number of water-cosolvent mixtures. It is particularly successful when the solubility parameter, delta 1, of the cosolvent is 3 or more solubility parameter units larger than the solubility parameter, delta 2, of the drug. When the cosolvent tends to solvate the drug strongly, the log linear function may even hold where the solubility parameters of the drug and cosolvent are similar. It appears, however, not to be applicable to nonpolar cosolvent systems. An interfacial model for the solubility of drugs in polar mixed solvents is based on sigma, a parameter that also figures prominently in the log linear solubility equation. When used to describe mixed solvent systems, the interfacial model applies in the region of the solubility profile (solubility versus solvent composition) where the log linear relationships hold. The extended Hildebrand solubility approach is applicable over a wide range of cosolvent composition in mixed systems from nonpolar organic solvents to water. PMID- 7120085 TI - Effects of 3-chloromethylthiochromone-1,1-dioxide on nucleic acid, protein, and aerobic and anaerobic metabolism of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. AB - 3-Chloromethylthiochromone-1,1-dioxide was observed to be a potent inhibitor of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma growth and a moderate inhibitor of P-388 lymphocytic leukemia growth at 10 mg/kg/day. Preliminary in vitro studies showed that the agents significantly inhibited RNA and DNA synthesis in Ehrlich ascites cells. In vivo studies after dosing on Days 6, 7, and 8 demonstrated the same reductions in nucleic acid synthesis and a moderate reduction in protein synthesis. The primary site of nucleic acid synthesis, which was blocked by 3-chloromethylthiochromone, was at orotidine monophosphate decarboxylase in the primidine pathway. Other enzymes, in anaerobic and aerobic glycolysis, which were blocked include hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, succinic and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenases, as well as States 3 and 4 of oxidative phosphorylation. PMID- 7120086 TI - An in vitro model for the study of antibacterial dosage regimen design. AB - A model was developed that is capable of simulating antibacterial agent concentration versus time profiles commonly observed following intravenous and intramuscular bolus injections, intravenous infusions, and oral doses, administered as single or multiple doses. The model consisted of two physical compartments separated by a membrane of a commercial hemodialyzer. The 1.08 m2 membrane surface area allowed rapid transmembrane passage of drugs and other small molecules, while membrane pore size prevented bacterial passage. These characteristics allowed bacteria in one of the two compartments of the model to be exposed to time-variant drug concentrations without affecting the number or concentration of bacteria. The model was used to study the effects of a multiple intravenous bolus dosage regimen of ampicillin on Escherichia coli ATCC 12407. PMID- 7120087 TI - Distribution of bile salts between 1-octanol and aqueous buffer. AB - The distribution of four bile salts: sodium cholate (I), sodium deoxycholate (II), sodium chenodeoxycholate (III), and sodium ursodeoxycholate (IV), between aqueous buffer and 1-octanol has been measured as a function of temperature between 25 and 55 degrees and as a function of bile salt concentration at concentrations less than 0.1 mole/liter in the aqueous phase. The distribution isotherms obtained have been explained on the basis of reversible association in the aqueous phase. The treatment assumes that the bile acid exists as a monomer in the organic phase, which is verified by vapor pressure osmometry. A graphical method has been employed to estimate the association constants in the aqueous phase for the various equilibria encountered. An aggregation number of four for IV and 12 for I, II, and III has been estimated. From the results, thermodynamic functions associated with the transfer of each of the bile salts from water to octanol and those associated with association processes in the aqueous phase were calculated. These results are consistent with previous findings that the premicellar association of bile salts occurs by hydrophobic interaction. The thermodynamics of transfer of bile salts revealed an unfavorable enthalpic and favorable entropic contribution for all four bile salts. However, for IV, which is an epimer of III, both enthalpic and entropic contributions are reduced, compared to III, suggesting a pronounced effect of stereochemical orientation on hydrophobic interaction. PMID- 7120089 TI - Serum prolactin level increase in normal subjects following administration of perphenazine oral dosage forms: possible application to bioavailability testing. AB - Two pilot studies were performed to determine if oral phenothiazine products could generate a significant increase in serum levels of the hormone prolactin. The two studies employed three and four healthy normal male subjects, respectively. In the first study the subjects received a screening dose, a placebo, one 8-mg perphenazine tablet, and two 8-mg perphenazine tablets. In the second study, the subjects were dosed with two 10-mg amitriptyline tablets, one 10-mg amitriptyline tablet with one combination tablet containing 10 mg of amitriptyline and 4 mg of perphenazine, and two combination tablets, each containing 10 mg of amitriptyline and 4 mg of perphenazine. In both cases the drug treatments produced a significant rise in the serum prolactin levels versus a placebo or control. This increase was defined as a prolactin response. The possible utility of this response in bioavailability testing is discussed. PMID- 7120088 TI - Association of deoxycholic acid in organic solvents. AB - The distribution of deoxycholic acid (I) between aqueous buffer and an organic phase consisting of isooctane-1-octanol (70:30, v/v) (System A) or isooctane chloroform (80:20, v/v) (System B) was studied. The distribution isotherms suggested that I associates strongly in the organic Systems A and B unlike in pure 1-octanol. Therefore, a previous model, describing distribution of bile salts between 1-octanol and aqueous buffer, was modified to include association of I in the organic phases to describe distribution behavior. The treatment suggested that I exists as monomer and dimer in System A with a dimerization constant of 820 M-1. A model consisting of monomer-tetramer-hexamer in the organic phase best describes the data for System B. The data support the view that association in the organic phase is due to hydrogen bonding between bile acid molecules. PMID- 7120090 TI - Determination of mianserin and metabolites in plasma by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. AB - A procedure for the determination of mianserin, desmethylmianserin, and 8 hydroxymianserin in plasma at therapeutic concentrations by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection is described. Following a multiple-step extraction from alkaline plasma into methyl-tert-butyl ether, the reconstituted extract was injected onto a reversed-phase trimethylsilyl-packed column and eluted with an acetate-acetonitrile mobile phase containing an ion-paired reagent. The method provides an absolute recovery of 71-76% and a day-to-day precision of 5.4-9.1% for each compound at 25 ng/ml. The minimum quantifiable level for all three compounds was 5 ng/ml (RSD greater than 11%), and the detector response was linear up to 500 ng/ml. Fixed-dose steady-state plasma level data for 34 patients are reported. PMID- 7120091 TI - 2-14C-1-Allyl-3,5-diethyl-6-chlorouracil I: Synthesis, absorption in human skin, excretion, distribution, and metabolism in rats and rabbits. AB - With 14C-potassium cyanate as the starting material, 2-14C-1-allyl-3,5-diethyl-6 chlorouracil was synthesized for in vitro and in vivo absorption studies in human skin and for metabolic studies in rats and rabbits. The radioactivity in the horny layer, epidermis, and dermis of the human skin was determined after different intervals of time, and the radioactivity excreted in the urine was measured by collecting samples for 5 days from a patient and also under occlusion conditions. Almost 90% of the radioactivity remained on the surface and approximately 6.28% penetrated and was systemically absorbed. Over a 5-day period, a total of 3.25% was excreted. Almost 3% was systemically absorbed and cumulated in the system. After intraperitoneal application in male and female rats, most of the radioactivity was excreted in the feces and urine, with female rats excreting more in the urine than male rats. The radioactivity rose in the organs in the first 3 hr and then decreased. At the end of 144 hr, no appreciable radioactivity could be found in the organs and tissues, except in the carcass where the cumulation was maximum (1%). After intravenous injection in rabbits, most of the radioactivity (80%) was excreted in the urine and only 4% in the feces. At the end of 96 hr, approximately 3% was cumulated in the body. The drug was quantitatively metabolized in both rats and rabbits: Metabolite 1 (70-85%), Metabolite 2 (10-15%), Metabolite 3 (5-10%), and Metabolite 4 (0.3%). PMID- 7120092 TI - 2-14C-1-Allyl-3,5-diethyl-6-chlorouracil II: Isolation and structures of the major sulfur-free and three minor sulfur-containing metabolites and mechanism of biotransformation. AB - The metabolites of 1-allyl-3,5-diethyl-6-chlorouracil in rabbit urine were isolated by preparative thick-layer, liquid-column, and gas chromatography. With the aid of mass and 1H-NMR spectra, and by comparison with an authentic sample, the major metabolite, 1, was identified as 6,8-diethyl-2-hydroxymethyl tetrahydrooxazolo-[3,2-c]-pyrimidine-5,7(4H,6H)-dione, Metabolite 2 as 1-allyl-3 ethyl-5-(1-hydroxyethyl)-6-methylthiouracil, Metabolite 3 as 1-allyl-3,5-diethyl 6-methylthiouracil, and Metabolite 4 as 6,8-diethyl-2-hydroxymethyl tetrahydrothiazolo-[3,2-c]pyrimidine-5,7(4H,6H)-dione. The mechanism of the formation of sulfur-containing metabolites is discussed, and a new metabolic pathway for the formation of methylthio compounds is proposed. PMID- 7120094 TI - Blood level studies of all-trans- and 13-cis-retinoic acids in rats using different formulations. AB - Studies to determine the bioavailability of all-trans-retinoic acid from a microencapsulated product were carried out using rats as test animals. The microcapsules were tableted in rat food and individual rats given a tablet containing the equivalent of 10 mg of all-trans-retinoic acid. Comparisons were made with bioavailability data obtained after intravenous and oral administrations of a solution and a suspension. The elimination of all-trans retinoic acid following intravenous administration of 1- to 5-mg doses occurred by dose-dependent kinetics. The half-lives for the terminal linear portion of the elimination phase after the plateau level were 0.78, 0.74, and 0.93 hr for the 1 , 2.5-, and 5-mg doses, respectively. Based on the doses administered and the relative area under the serum level curves, the all-trans-retinoic acid microcapsules were found to be approximately 34% as bioavailable as the solution dosage form and the microfine suspension 93% as bioavailable. The bioavailability of all-trans-retinoic acid in oral solution was approximately 40% of the intravenous dose. For comparison, rats were also dosed intravenously with 13-cis retinoic acid, and this compound was found not to follow dose-dependent kinetics at similar dosage levels used for all-trans-retinoic acid. PMID- 7120093 TI - Study of the metabolic conversion of imipramine and desipramine to N nitrosodesipramine by bacteria using a nitrogen-selective GC analysis. AB - A GC method using dual nitrogen selective and flame ionization detectors was developed for the determination of N-nitrosodesipramine using N butyryldesipramine as the internal standard. The precision of the method was found to be +/- 5.0% and the accuracy was +/- 4.9%. The method could be used to detect 10 ng/ml of N-nitrosodesipramine in bacterial cultures. When desipramine and sodium nitrite were incubated with aerobic or anaerobic bacteria, the nitrosamine level was found to be 10-300 times higher than the controls. When imipramine and potassium nitrate were incubated with a mixed anaerobic culture, the level of N-nitrosodesipramine was found to be 4.5 times higher than the control. PMID- 7120095 TI - Tack behavior of coating solutions I. AB - The tackiness of various tablet coating solutions was determined using a parallel plate technique with a tensile testing machine in conjunction with an oscilloscope where the separation force was displayed as a function of time. Measurements were made at various rates of separation on liquid films of constant thickness. Results showed that the force required to split a liquid film increases with an increase in rate of separation, and that tackiness increases with an increase in viscosity. The relation between tack and viscosity was not linear, and a modified Stefan equation was proposed. PMID- 7120096 TI - Stereochemical studies of demethylated ketamine enantiomers. AB - The enantiomorphs of norketamine, 2-(o-chlorophenyl)-2-aminocyclohexanone, were synthesized and screened for biological activity. Resolution was achieved by fractional crystallization of the tartrate salts. Stereochemical purity was determined using standard GC or GC-MS analysis. Preliminary pharmacological evaluations revealed that intraperitoneally injected dextrorotatory norketamine caused a greater duration of loss of righting reflex in mice than the levorotatory isomer. PMID- 7120097 TI - Preparations of solid particulates of theophylline--ethylenediamine complex by a spray-drying technique. AB - Aqueous solutions of ethylenediamine and theophylline were spray dried to obtain solid particulates of theophylline--ethylenediamine complex to improve solubility of theophylline. Packing and flow properties of the spray-dried products were much improved when compared with those of original theophylline particles, due to their spherical shapes which were confirmed by a scanning electron microscope. The solubility of theophylline in the resultant products was found to be three to five times higher than that of original theophylline. The solubilities of the products decreased with increasing drying temperature and rotation speed of the atomizer, which was interpreted in terms of the contents of ethylenediamine in the products. The products were confirmed to be a mixture of aminophylline, alpha aminophylline, and theophylline by X-ray analysis and NMR spectroscopy. The logarithm of the relative intensity of the X-ray diffraction peak of alpha aminophylline to that of theophylline decreased linearly with drying temperature and rotation speed of the atomizer. Thermal decomposition of the spray-dried products involved liberations of crystal water at 100 degrees and ethylenediamine between 110 and 127 degrees. Liberation of ethylenediamine occurred via three steps for aminophylline, but with different steps for the spray-dried products. PMID- 7120098 TI - Bioavailability of regular and controlled-release chlorpheniramine products. AB - The bioavailability of chlorpheniramine regular-release versus controlled-release products was compared using 15 human subjects. The dosage forms evaluated were an 8-mg barrier coated-bead capsule, an 8-mg repeat action tablet, two 4-mg tablets, and 4- and 8-mg syrups. Single doses of each product were administered orally in a 5-way crossover study, plasma samples were collected at specific time intervals, and chlorpheniramine levels assayed by HPLC. Pharmacokinetic analysis was based on a two-compartment open model. The average plasma elimination half life of chlorpheniramine was calculated to be approximately 18.3 hr. The controlled-release products gave a higher Cmax than the 4-mg syrup, but less than two 4-mg tablets. The controlled-release products also extended the time necessary to attain peak drug levels compared to the 4- and 8-mg syrups. The area under the curve (AUC) data for the controlled-release products was not equivalent to equal amounts of the regular-release products. The study indicated that while the controlled-release chlorpheniramine products were successful in prolonging the time course of absorption, this was at the expense of incomplete bioavailability of the drug. PMID- 7120099 TI - Quantification of the effect of excipients on bioavailability by means of response surfaces I: Amoxicillin in fat matrix. AB - A study was carried out to determine the effect of a fat excipient on the bioavailability of amoxicillin tablets. Three formulations with a fat excipient content of 10, 20, and 30%, respectively, were administered to 15 healthy volunteers according to a Latin-square design. The excretion curves were characterized with the help of two parameters, namely, the quantity of drug excreted between 0-2 and 0-12 hr postadministration, respectively. The effect of the fat excipient content was quantified with the use of polynomials whose corresponding orders were given by the ANOVA. In the case of both parameters, a quadratic response to the fat excipient content was found. At the same time, a dissolution study was carried out using a previously established method. Here, the parameters used to characterize the dissolution curves were the quantities of dissolved drug in 30 and 180 min, respectively. Again, a quadratic response to the fat excipient content was observed in the case of both parameters. PMID- 7120100 TI - Quantification of the effect of excipients on bioavailability by means of response surfaces III: In vivo--in vitro correlations. AB - This study compares one of the previously studied formulations with commercial amoxicillin capsules. The results indicate that the percentage of the dose absorbed is similar in both formulations; nevertheless, the amoxicillin capsules present a higher absorption rate. The in vivo--in vitro correlations in terms of response surfaces, and the general correlation among all the formulations studied in the three articles of this series is discussed. The quantity of drug excreted in 2 hr and the quantity of drug dissolved in 30 min presents a correlation coefficient r = 0.9458 (p less than 0.01) and the quantity of amoxicillin excreted in 12 hr and the quantity dissolved in 180 min presents a correlation coefficient r = 0.9761 (p less than 0.01). PMID- 7120101 TI - Determination of isoetharine in plasma by reversed-phase chromatography with amperometric detection. AB - A reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method for the determination of isoetharine in blood plasma, utilizing amperometric detection, is described. Plasma samples were extracted utilizing an ion-pair reagent, di-(2 ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid, to concentrate the catecholamine. Only minor differences were observed in the relative bioavailability of isoetharine hydrochloride and isoetharine mesylate after oral administration to rats. Observed plasma levels, at 1 hr after oral medication, were highly variable in dose-ranging studies at doses of 800-2500 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks. PMID- 7120102 TI - N-Alkylated derivatives of 5-fluorouracil. AB - Some N-alkyl derivatives of 5-fluorouracil were designed to act as latent depot forms of 5-fluorouracil. A general and efficient method for the syntheses of the alkylated derivatives is described. As expected, the alkylated derivatives of 5 fluorouracil did not show any cytotoxicity in cell culture systems even up to 10( 4) M concentration. The synthesis of 1,3-dimethyl-5-fluoro-5,6-dihydrouracil is also described. PMID- 7120103 TI - High-pressure liquid chromatographic assay of cloxacillin in serum and urine. AB - Two rapid, specific, and sensitive high-pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assays were developed for cloxacillin in serum and urine. A reversed-phase column (RP-8) was selected for use with two different sets of HPLC conditions and sample pretreatment procedures. Cloxacillin extraction efficiencies are reported from serum and urine. Equations are presented for linear relationships between peak height or peak area ratios of cloxacillin to nafcillin (internal standard) and the cloxacillin concentration over a range of 0-80 micrograms/ml. The sensitivity limit of these assays was approximately 0.3 microgram/ml of a standard solution for one method and 0.05 microgram /ml for the other HPLC assay. PMID- 7120104 TI - Medicament release from suppository bases I: Physicochemical characteristics and bioavailability of indomethacin in rabbits. AB - This investigation was designed to determine the in vitro release of indomethacin from suppository bases and the in vivo bioavailability in rabbits. Suppositories containing 25 mg of indomethacin were made by the fusion method with theobroma oil, esterified fatty acids (C10-C18), and polyethylene glycol 1000. To produce an exact dosage form, a formula for the determination of the displacement value was derived, and it was found that theobroma oil greater than esterified fatty acids (C10-C18) greater than polyethylene glycol 1000. The suppository hardness was determined by using appropriate apparatus and it was found that the esterified fatty acids (C10-C18) allowed the formation of more brittle suppositories. The release rates were determined with the USP dissolution apparatus, with or without cellophane membrane, and it was found that polyethylene glycol 1000 greater than esterified fatty acids (C10-C18) greater than theobroma oil. The bioavailability of indomethacin after rectal administration was greater with polyethylene glycol base. Significant correlation was obtained during the first 45 min between the in vitro release (dialyzing tubing) and the in vivo bioavailability. PMID- 7120105 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of proglumide in plasma. AB - A rapid and sensitive method for determining the anticholinergic agent, proglumide, in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography is described. Samples were acidified with hydrochloric acid and extracted with chloroform. The dried extract was resolved in chloroform and chromatographed on an adsorption chromatographic column using a mobile phase of chloroform-methanol (24:1) on a high-performance liquid chromatograph equipped with a UV absorbance detector (240 nm). The detection limit for proglumide was 0.05 microgram/ml. PMID- 7120107 TI - Belladonna alkaloids and phenobarbital combination pharmaceuticals analysis II: High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of phenobarbital. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic separation is described for the analysis of phenobarbital in combination pharmaceutical dosage forms containing belladonna alkaloids. A mobile phase of 0.003 M tetramethylammonium chloride in water-methanol (3:2, pH 7.4) was used to separate phenobarbital from belladonna alkaloids on an octadecylsilane column in less than 7 min. The column effluent was monitored at 240 nm, which resulted in a detection limit of 6 ng of phenobarbital. The method is applicable to elixirs, tablets, and capsules with no preliminary extraction procedure. Data from the application of the method to commercial products is also presented. PMID- 7120106 TI - Belladonna alkaloids and phenobarbital combination pharmaceuticals analysis I: High-performance liquid chromatographic determinations of hyoscyamine-atropine and scopolamine. AB - High-performance liquid chromatographic separations are described for the analysis of hyoscyamine-atropine and scopolamine in combination pharmaceutical dosage forms containing phenobarbital. A mobile phase containing 0.034 M tetramethylammonium phosphate in water-methanol (21:10, pH 2.0) separated hyoscyamine or atropine from scopolamine on an octadecylsilane column in less than 9 min. Monitoring of the column effluent at 220 nm gave a detection limit of 0.02 microgram for each alkaloid. Hyoscyamine sulfate and/or atropine sulfate were determined as total equivalent hyoscyamine sulfate, and scopolamine hydrobromide was determined as a separate entity. Data from the application of the method to commercial pharmaceutical products are also presented. PMID- 7120108 TI - Ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography of terbutaline and catecholamines with aminophylline in intravenous solutions. AB - A stability-indicating ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay that is rapid and specific for epinephrine, isoproterenol, dopamine, norepinephrine, methyldopate, or terbutaline in intravenous solutions with aminophylline has been developed using a spectrofluorometric detector. A HPLC method for the analysis of terbutaline and methyldopate is introduced, and the superiority of fluorometric over UV detection of terbutaline and the catecholamines is illustrated. PMID- 7120109 TI - Reaction of phenobarbital with diphenhydramine. PMID- 7120110 TI - Effect of a major metabolite on the plasma protein binding of tolmetin. PMID- 7120111 TI - Hydroxyisolongifolaldehyde: a new metabolite of (+)-longifolene in rabbits. PMID- 7120112 TI - Sites of action of loop diuretics. AB - Isolated canine kidneys were perfused at a constant systolic pressure of 140 mm Hg with autologous blood. Infusion of maximally effective amounts of furosemide (F) increased the fractional excretion of Cl (FEcl) from 0.03 to 0.18. Parallel changes in FENa and FEH2O were observed and, at maximal response, urine/plasma osmolality was 0.91. Ethacrynic acid (EA) was then added to the infusion fluid and produced a further increase in FECl to 0.28. Urine/plasma osmolality returned to unity. When the order of administration of the two diuretics was reversed, the response to EA alone was greater than after F (from FECl 0.05 control to 0.30 after EA) and the urine became isosmotic (urine/plasma osmolality = 1.0). After F was added, FECl increased further to 0.39. K secretion induced by F or by EA was demonstrable in all experiments. These data indicate that: 1) EA is more effective than F; 2) both drugs can completely inhibit Cl- transport in the thick ascending limb; 3) EA is more effective than F in blocking NaCl transport at sites distal to the loop of Henle; and 4) the proximal tubule is a site of action of F and possibly of EA. Whether the two drugs act entirely on membranal transport systems or, in part, by modifying the production of release of intrarenal substances and/or by diverting blood from one region to another cannot be ascertained from this work. PMID- 7120113 TI - Relationship between membrane depolarization, calcium influx and norepinephrine release in sympathetic neurons maintained in culture. PMID- 7120114 TI - Effects of the appetite stimulant chlordimeform on food and water consumption of rats: comparison with chlordiazepoxide. PMID- 7120115 TI - Senescence-related changes in the responsiveness to ouabain of canine Purkinje fibers. AB - Clinical studies have suggested that old adults are more susceptible to the toxic effects of digitalis than young adults. To test whether this reflects an age related change in responsiveness to digitalis of cardiac fibers, standard microelectrode techniques were used to study the effects of ouabain (O) on Purkinje fibers (PF) from 5- and 10-year-old beagles. PF driven at cycle length = 600 msec were superfused with O, 2 x 10(-7) M, containing 3% [3H]O for 25 min. PF O uptake was the same at both ages. Control maximum diastolic potential, action potential amplitude, upstroke velocity (Vmax) and duration to 50% repolarization (APD50) did not differ significantly between the two age groups. However, the effects of O on action potential characteristics and on delayed after depolarizations in PF from the 10 year old PF were significantly greater than that on the 5 year old PF. Additional experiments were done in which we superfused PF from adult and old animals with O for long periods to determine the time-response relationships for ouabain effects on maximum diastolic potential, action potential amplitude, Vmax and APD50. The rate of change was 2 to 3 times greater in the 10 than the 5 year old PF. After 55 min of O, only 2 of 7 10-year old PF remained excitable, compared with 6 of 6 5-year-old PF. In conclusion, PF from old dogs show greater responsiveness to the toxic effects of O than those of younger adults, explaining in part the clinical observation of increased digitalis toxicity with age. PMID- 7120116 TI - Studies on microsomal cytochrome P-450, monooxygenases and epoxide hydrolase in cultured keratinocytes and intact epidermis from BALB/C mice. AB - Studies of drug and carcinogen metabolism in cultured keratinocytes and in intact epidermis from the skin of BALB/C mice were performed. The cultured cells were shown to retain 33 to 40% of corresponding intact epidermal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH), 7-ethoxycoumarin-O-de-ethylase (7-ED) and epoxide hydrolase activities. In vitro treatment of the cells or in vivo application to the skin of animals with the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons benz(a)anthracene (BA) or benzo(a)pyrene resulted in significant induction of AHH and 7-ED activities. The responsiveness of AHH was greater than that of 7-ED in both preparations. BA (4 x 10(-4) M) induced AHH and 7-ED at least 12- and 4-fold, respectively, in either the keratinocytes or intact epidermis, whereas epoxide hydrolase activity was not altered in either preparation. All of these enzyme activities were predominantly located in the microsomal fraction of the keratinocytes and the epidermis. Keratinocyte AHH had a pH optimum at 7.4. The apparent Km for benzo(a)pyrene as substrate in control and BA-induced cells was 10 and 6 microM, respectively, whereas Vmax was 15-fold greater in the carcinogen-treated cells. CO-difference spectra demonstrated the presence of the heme-protein cytochrome P-450 in microsomes prepared from keratinocytes and intact epidermis; absorption maximum was between 451 to 453 nm. The metabolic activity of keratinocytes was further demonstrated in the Ames mutagen assay. A supernatant (9000 x g) prepared from keratinocytes pretreated with BA enhanced the mutagenesis of 2-aminoanthracene in the TA98 strain of Salmonella typhimurium. These studies indicate that cultured keratinocytes provide a useful experimental model system for the study of epidermal drug and carcinogen metabolism. PMID- 7120117 TI - Physiologic effects and plasma kinetics of beta-phenylethylamine and its N-methyl homolog in the dog. AB - Single i.v. doses of beta-phenylethylamine (PEA) and its N-methyl homolog (NMPEA) were administered to separate groups of five dogs. The dose- and time-related effects of these compounds were determined on pupil diameter, heart rate and body temperature. Blood samples were obtained concurrently with the physiologic measures and plasma levels of PEA and NMPEA were determined by gas chromatography. Both compounds dilated pupils, tended to produce an initial tachycardia followed by a bradycardia and elevated body temperature. The plasma pharmacokinetics of both PEA and NMPEA could be described by first-order kinetics which estimated half-lives of approximately 5 to 10 min. Plasma levels for both amines correlated significantly only with increases in pupil diameter. The present findings demonstrate that the endogenous trace amine PEA and NMPEA, which may be produced enzymatically by nonspecific N-methyl transferases, produce prominent physiologic effects of short duration when administered i.v. in the dog, suggesting that alterations in the metabolism of these amines which result in elevated plasma levels can produce pronounced effects on mammalian nervous system function. PMID- 7120118 TI - Mechanism of action of colchicine. V. Neutrophil adherence and phagocytosis in patients with acute gout treated with colchicine. PMID- 7120119 TI - Antinociceptive activity and toxicity of meperidine and normeperidine in mice. AB - The antinociceptive (radiant heat tail-flick), convulsant and lethal activities of meperidine (MEP) and normeperidine (NMEP) were studied after s.c. and i.c.v. administration to mice. Both compounds s.c. exhibited naloxone-reversible antinociceptive activity. MEP (ED50 = 23 mg/kg) was 2.5 to 5 times more potent, on a molar basis, than NMEP (ED50 = 72 mg/kg). NMEP was a convulsant [ED50 = 105 mg/kg (s.c.) and 64 micrograms/mouse (i.c.v.)], with a small therapeutic index relative to analgesia whose activity was potentiated by naloxone and antagonized by pentobarbital or morphine, s.c. Death due to s.c. MEP was preceded by convulsions, whereas i.c.v. MEP provoked a primarily depressant lethality. Naloxone antagonized death due to i.c.v. MEP while unmasking its convulsant activity. It is concluded that NMEP is the principal mediator of MEPs central nervous system excitation, that convulsions are mediated by a different population of receptors than either analgesia or respiratory depression and that naloxone exacerbates the convulsant activity of MEP and NMEP. PMID- 7120120 TI - Effect of phenytoin on folic acid uptake in isolated intestinal epithelial cells. AB - The anticonvulsant drug phenytoin was found to inhibit the uptake of folic acid into isolated chick intestinal epithelial cells. At a concentration of 100 micrograms/ml the drug inhibited the cellular accumulation of folic acid by 60%. The efflux of folic acid from preloaded cells was not affected by the drug. The inhibition was observed at an acidic pH of 5.8 and at a neutral pH of 7.4. Both the Na+-dependent and the Na+-independent components of folate uptake were inhibited. Phenytoin had no effect on the uptake of the glucose analog 3-O methylglucose. Thus it was concluded that the effect of phenytoin on folate uptake was not due to changes in Na+ fluxes, concentration gradients or energy metabolism, and suggested instead a direct effect on the folic acid uptake system. PMID- 7120121 TI - In vivo studies on central noradrenergic synaptic mechanisms after acute and chronic antidepressant drug treatment: biochemical and behavioral comparison. PMID- 7120122 TI - Effect of lidocaine on fast and slow inactivation of sodium current in rat ventricular cells. AB - The effects of lidocaine on the rapid inward sodium current (INA) of rat ventricular muscle were studied with the double sucrose gap voltage clamp technique. The action potential was abolished by a high concentration of lidocaine, but it was restored by membrane hyperpolarization. Under voltage clamp conditions, lidocaine blocked the INA. A hyperpolarizing conditioning pulse restored INA amplitude; a longer prepulse was more effective. At the steady state, inactivation of INA could be resolved into a fast (H) and a slow (j) component. Under lidocaine, the h infinity curve was shifted toward more negative potentials; the maximum shift (40.5 mV) was obtained t 425 microM lidocaine. The j infinity curve ran parallel to the h infinity curve and reached a plateau when h infinity became zero. This plateau value j infinity min, 0.9 +/- 0.09 (M +/- S.E.M.) in control conditions, was decreased by lidocaine in a dose-dependent way with a Km of 388 microM. The time constant of the recovery from slow inactivation was significantly reduced by lidocaine. PMID- 7120124 TI - Buprenorphine effects on human heroin self-administration: an operant analysis. PMID- 7120123 TI - Opioids modulate intestinal peristalsis at a site of action additional to that modulating acetylcholine release. AB - The nature of the interaction between cholinergic and opioid mechanisms controlling peristalsis in the intact segment of the guinea-pig ileum was examined. The induction of rhythmic peristaltic activity by acetylcholine was dose dependently inhibited and facilitated by preapplication of, respectively, normorphine and naloxone. The action of intestinal opioids occurs, at least partially, at a site of action differing from that modulating the release of acetylcholine from the myenteric plexus. Interruption of the peristaltic reflex by hexamethonium, atropine, tetrodotoxin or desensitization of the segments to serotonin also strongly impaired or abolished the initiation of circular muscle contractions produced by naloxone. Therefore, no indication could be found for a direct action of naloxone upon the circular muscle. Rather, intestinal opioids appear to be involved in regulating the activity of the reflex arc. PMID- 7120125 TI - Identification of genetically homozygous rapid and slow acetylators of drugs and environmental carcinogens among established inbred rabbit strains. AB - Liver and gut mucosa N-acetyltransferase (NAT) cytosol (105,000 x g) was prepared from selected lines of New Zealand White rapid and slow acetylator rabbits bred and housed at the University of Michigan, and from inbred and partially inbred rabbits obtained from The Jackson Laboratory. Liver NAT activity was determined with p-aminobenzoic acid, p-aminosalicyclic acid, procainamide, sulfamethazine, isoniazid and 2-aminofluorene as substrates. Gut mucosal NAT activity was determined with 2-aminofluorene. A gene dose-response relationship was observed for both liver NAT and gut mucosa NAT with all substrates tested. Highest levels were always observed in homozygous rapid acetylator inbred strains (B/J, III/J, IIIC/J, III/DwJ, IIIEP/J and IIIVO/J), lower levels in obligate heterozygous rapid acetylator rabbits and lowest levels in homozygous slow acetylator inbred (ACEP/J, III/cdJ, IIIVO/ahJ, and IIIVO/vptJ) and outbred rabbits. The differences in magnitude of liver NAT activity level between acetylator genotypes was dependent on the substrate employed, progressively increasing in the following order: p-aminobenzoic acid, p-aminosalicyclic acid, procainamide, sulfamethazine, isoniazid, 2-aminofluorene. The determination of kinetic constants for liver p aminosalicyclic acid NAT activity indicated a 2-fold difference in apparent Vmax between rapid acetylator genotypes and a 30-fold difference between rapid and slow acetylator phenotypes. In addition, the apparent Km for p-aminosalicyclic acid was significantly lower in the slow acetylators than in the rapid acetylators. PMID- 7120126 TI - Swift increase in alcohol metabolism (SIAM) in the mouse: comparison of the effect of short-term ethanol treatment on ethanol elimination in four inbred strains. AB - Ethanol metabolism increases 2 to 3 hr after the administration of ethanol. This phenomenon, called the swift increase in alcohol metabolism, has been compared in four inbred strains of mice (DBA/2J, C3H/HeJ, AKR/J and C57BL/6J). Basal rates of ethanol elimination were determined in individual mice after an i.p. injection of ethanol (2 g/kg). Little variability in this basal rate of ethanol elimination was observed within each strain. Mice were then exposed to ethanol vapor (20--22 mg/l) and rates of ethanol elimination were determined every 2 hr for 8 hr. By 2 to 3 hr, the rates of ethanol elimination initially increased 2- to 3-fold and then declined toward basal rates over the 8-hr interval in all strains studied. In another experiment, the dose of ethanol was varied to produce blood ethanol levels ranging from 50 to 250 mg/100 ml in both basal- and ethanol vapor-treated mice. Ethanol elimination increased greater than 1.5-fold in all four strains studied when basal rates were compared to rates observed after 4 hr of vapor treatment at the same blood ethanol level; however, the dose at which the maximal increase occurred differed among the strains. DBA/2J mice exhibited a maximal increase in the rate of ethanol elimination when ethanol concentrations were in the range of 30 to 50 mg/100 ml; the increase was smaller as the dose was increased. In contrast, AKR/J and C57BL/6J mice required 100 to 150 mg/100 ml of ethanol to activate the swift increase in alcohol metabolism effect. These data indicate clearly that the swift increase in alcohol metabolism effect is a common phenomenon and that dose and time relations differ in various inbred strains of mice. PMID- 7120127 TI - Molecular mechanisms of novel antidiuretic antagonists: analysis of the effects on vasopressin binding and adenylate cyclase activation in animal and human kidney. AB - These studies describe the molecular mechanisms of a potential new class of diuretic agents, vasopressin antagonists. The inhibition of the antidiuretic response to antidiuretic hormone (ADH) by the novel vasopressin analogs d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)VAVP, d(CH2)5Tyr(Et)VAVP, d(CH2)5Tyr(Et)VDAVP and d(CH2)5D-TyrVAVP was studied using medullary membranes of pig kidney. These analogs were competitive inhibitors of vasopressin binding and adenylate cyclase activation by vasopressin with potencies that were 5- to 7-fold higher than those of d(CH2)5VDAVP (Kbind was 6.7 x 10(-7) M; Ki was 2.3 x 10(-7) M), an analog with no in vivo anti-ADH activity. The antagonists were judged selective for vasopressin receptors because the activation of renal adenylate cyclase by beta adrenergic agonists and prostaglandins E1, E2 and I2 was not affected by d(CH2)5D-TyrVAVP. Furthermore, blockade of the vasopressin receptors with this analog did not impair the other components of the adenylate cyclase system since basal enzyme activity and activity stimulated by guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate and NaF were not diminished. In addition, d(CH2)5D-TyrVAVP was a potent inhibitor of vasopressin activation of adenylate cyclase in pig, rat and dog kidney, and also in human kidney (Ki was 1.9 x 10(-8) M). The possibility that these or similar agents could be useful therapeutic agents in man as novel diuretics must now be considered. PMID- 7120129 TI - Structure-activity relations between alkyl nucleophilic chemicals causing duodenal ulcer and adrenocortical necrosis. AB - Structure-activity relationships were qualitatively and quantitatively examined for 56 chemicals (e.g., derivatives of propionitrile, acrylonitrile and cysteamine) which caused duodenal ulcer and/or adrenocortical necrosis in rats. For the first time the duodenal ulcerogenic property of numerous chemicals has been studied in a rational and predictive manner. Ulcerogenic activity was most intense in the carbonitriles attached to two or three carbon backbones and diminished by shortening, lengthening, branching, unsaturating, halogenating or hydroxylating the carbon chains. Different modes of action are implied. Adrenocorticolytic potency was associated with unsaturation of the carbon chain and substitution of the nitrile by thiol or amine radicals. An action of these chemicals on the central nervous system has been suggested. PMID- 7120128 TI - Effect of L-dopa on renal handling of uric acid. AB - Several reports have indicated that L-dopa may cause hyperuricemia and gout. The reports of hyperuricemia have generally been explained on the basis that L-dopa is known to produce a false hyperuricemia by interfering in the colorimetric analysis of uric acid. Our studies of the interference of L-dopa in the analysis of uric acid revealed that the false elevation of uric acid produced by therapeutic plasma concentrations of L-dopa is minor. The present studies used the Sperber in vivo chicken technique to determine whether L-dopa interferes with the renal excretion of uric acid. We found that a 440 mg/kg dose of L-dopa given by stomach tube results in a 30% decrease in the renal tubular excretory transport of [14C]uric acid. L-Dopa infused along with [14C]uric acid into the renal portal circulation also decreases the excretory transport of [14C]uric acid. In addition, i.v. L-dopa at 8.5 or 11.6 mumol/min/leg causes an increase in plasma urate of 26 or 45%, respectively. During infusion of L-[14C]dopa into the peritubular circulation, the 14C-label was excreted into the urine at a rate equivalent to 35% that of simultaneously infused p-aminohippuric acid or [3H] tetraethylammonium. The excretory transport of 14C-label was inhibited by probenecid. Because the renal tubular excretory transport of uric acid in chickens has many similarities to that of man, the results suggest that inhibition of uric acid excretory transport may be one of the effects of L-dopa, or its metabolites, in man. PMID- 7120130 TI - Cardiovascular pharmacology of ASL-7022, a novel catecholamine. I. Inotropic, chronotropic and pressor actions. AB - ASL-7022 (2-[3-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-1-methylethyl]-amino-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4 tetrahydronaphthalene) was examined for inotropic, chronotropic and blood pressure activity in pentobarbital anesthetized, vagotomized dogs instrumented for measurement of right ventricular contractile force, blood pressure and heart rate. The compound produced a dose-dependent increases in contractile force accompanied by bradycardia and hypotension. At high doses, the compound increased heart rate. At doses which increased contractile force by 100%, ASL-7022 produced no significant increase in heart rate, whereas dopamine and dobutamine produced small but significant increase in cardiac rate, ASL-7022 was therefore found to be more inotropic selective with respect to cardiac action than dopamine or dobutamine. Beta blockade reduced the positive inotropic, positive chronotropic and depressor action of the compound and also eliminated the negative chronotropic effect. ASL-7022 appears to be a beta adrenergic receptor agonist which possesses a unique spectrum of cardiovascular action. PMID- 7120131 TI - Effects of L-dopa on epinephrine concentration in rat brain: possible role of inhibition of norepinephrine N-methyltransferase by S-adenosylhomocysteine. AB - L-Dopa injected at 200 mg/kg i.p. into rats caused a slight reduction in hypothalamic concentration of epinephrine and completely prevented the accumulation of epinephrine after monoamine oxidase inhibition. The lowering of epinephrine concentration was greater with L-dopa than with D-dopa, was dose related over a dosage range of 50 to 200 mg/kg of L-dopa and was not prevented by a dopamine receptor antagonist. Hypothalamic norepinephrine N-methyltransferase activity measured in vitro was not altered in rats treated with L-dopa. L-Dopa injection decreased S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) concentration and increased S adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) concentration in hypothalamus, probably a result of extensive O-methylation of L-dopa and its metabolites. The decrease in SAMe and epinephrine concentration and the increase in SAH concentration occurred at lower doses of L-dopa in carbidopa-pretreated rats than in control rats. Norepinephrine N-Methyl-transferase activity assayed in vitro was markedly inhibited by SAH; the inhibition was competitive with SAMe as the variable substrate and the Ki for SAH was 1.9 x 10(-5) M. Increasing the SAH/SAMe ratio in in vitro experiments sharply reduced norepinephrine N-methyltransferase activity. The apparent inhibition of hypothalamic epinephrine synthesis in vivo after L-dopa injection is suggested to be a consequence of the increased SAH/SAMe ratio. PMID- 7120132 TI - Use of rapid superfusion to differentiate the release of dopamine from striatal tissue induced by sympathomimetic amines from release induced by potassium. AB - A rapid superfusion system incorporating a continuous amperometric detector has been employed to study the effects of p-tyramine, d-amphetamine and cocaine on K+ stimulated release of dopamine (DA) from striatal tissue. Qualitative identification of the released substances is made by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and DA is established to be the principal substance released following exposure of the tissue to 60 mM K+ in the presence of Ca++. At a superfusion rate of 1 ml/min with a 20 microliter volume tissue holder, d amphetamine and p-tyramine do not elicit detectable release of endogenous substances. These results are in direct contrast to the significant release of DA observed when striatal tissue is incubated with d-amphetamine for the same time period and suggest that the pools susceptible to release by the sympathomimetic amines are removed by superfusion. When striatal tissue is superfused with a buffer containing 60 mM K+ and cocaine or sympathomimetic amines, the effects of uptake blockade are manifested as an increase in the amount and duration of observed release over that obtained with 60 mM K+. In a competitive study of cocaine and p-tyramine with d-amphetamine, it appears that all three of these agents induce blockade at the same site(s). All of these data are in direct accord with the facilitated exchange diffusion mechanism proposed for the actions of sympathomimetic amines at DA nerve terminals. PMID- 7120133 TI - Mechanism of inhibition of microsomal drug metabolism by imidazole. PMID- 7120134 TI - Variations in the time course of the synchronization of intercostal motoneurones in the cat. AB - 1. Synchronization of intercostal motoneurones was studied by the construction of cross-correlation histograms which related the firing times of paired groups of efferent inspiratory or expiratory discharges recorded from filaments of the external or internal nerves of anaesthetized or decerebrate cats.2. The principal feature of the histograms was always a central peak but the time course of the central peak showed considerable variation. Three forms of synchronization were defined on the basis of the time course of the central peak: (i) short-term synchronization (Sears & Stagg, 1976), where the peak was narrow, extending over about +/-3 ms but sometimes with weak shoulders to about +/-5 ms; (ii) broad-peak synchronization where the peak was wider than this (often +/-20 ms or more) but where there were no strong periodicities; (iii) high-frequency oscillation (h.f.o) synchronization, which was named from the related phenomena in medullary and phrenic recordings (Cohen, 1979), where there were periodic peaks on either side of the central peak with a frequency in the range 60-120 Hz. Combinations of these forms of synchronization were seen in some histograms.3. When different animals were compared, broad peak synchronization was seen in association with light anaesthesia and with polysynaptic excitation of the motoneurones from muscle spindle afferents.4. In individual animals, additional anaesthesia depressed both broad peak and h.f.o. synchronization.5. Raising P(A, CO2), which increased the respiratory drive to the motoneurones, favoured short-term or h.f.o. synchronization at the expense of broad-peak synchronization.6. In three decerebrate animals only short-term or h.f.o. synchronization was seen.7. Spinal cord lesions above or below the segments of interest promoted broad-peak synchronization, even with high P(A, CO2) or deep anaesthesia.8. We conclude: (i) that short-term synchronization, due mainly to the branching of presynaptic axons, is generated mainly by those axons which transmit the respiratory drive, that drive providing most of the excitation of the motoneurones in moderately deep anaesthesia; (ii) that h.f.o. synchronization arises from the periodic synchronization of the discharges in these same presynaptic axons; (iii) that broad-peak synchronization is generated by the activity of other presynaptic neurones whose discharges are also synchronized, but aperiodically, these neurones most likely including spinal cord interneurones which are active in light anaesthesia or when released by spinal cord lesions.9. These conclusions are supported by comparisons between intracellular recordings from inspiratory motoneurones in animals showing different forms of motoneurone synchronization, the comparison including the measurements of ;average common excitation' (a.c.e.) potentials (Kirkwood & Sears, 1978). PMID- 7120136 TI - Ionic mechanism for the osmotically-induced depolarization in neurones of the guinea-pig supraoptic nucleus in vitro. AB - 1. Effects of hypertonic solutions prepared by adding NaCl or sucrose to Krebs solution on intracellular potentials were observed in neurones of the supraoptic nucleus using brain slices of the guinea-pig hypothalamus. 2. Hypertonic solutions (306-488 m-osmole/kg) depolarized the membrane, increased the input resistance and augmented the spontaneous firing rate in supraoptic neurones, whereas cells in the hippocampus and anterior or ventromedial hypothalamus were not affected by the hypertonic solutions. 3. The excitatory action of hypertonic solutions on supraoptic neurones was retained in the medium containing 0 mM-Ca2+ and 12 mM-Mg2+. 4. Amplitude of the depolarization induced by superfusion of hypertonic solutions was voltage-dependent. The reversal potential for the depolarization was about -90 mV. 5. The reversal potential for the depolarization induced by hypertonic solution shifted as a function of [K+]0. 6. These results suggest that the supraoptic neurones are themselves osmosensitive and that the local osmotic-related information is transduced to neural signals in these cells by alteration in the membrane ionic permeability, probably due to suppression of K+ conductance. PMID- 7120135 TI - The spatial distribution of synchronization of intercostal motoneurones in the cat. AB - 1. The three different types of synchronization of intercostal motoneurones which were described in the preceding paper (Kirkwood, Sears, Tuck & Westgaard, 1982) were studied for motoneurones of the same segment or for different segmental separations (up to five segments) and for motoneurones on opposite sides of the same segment.2. The strength of synchronization declined with segmental separation for all three categories, although the rate of decline was more variable for broad-peak synchronization than for the two other types. Short-term synchronization was undetectable for separations greater than three or four segments but clear peaks were still visible in the cross correlation histograms for high-frequency oscillation (h.f.o.) or broad-peak synchronization at a segmental separation of five. Synchronization between motoneurones on opposite sides of the cord was generally weak although less so for broad-peak or h.f.o. components.3. The decline in strength of short-term synchronization with segmental separation could not be explained by temporal dispersion of impulses in presynaptic axons.4. A time shift was observed in the position of the cross correlation histogram peak which was dependent on segmental separation and equivalent to a mean descending conduction velocity of 28 m/s in the assumed common input. This figure is similar to the mean conduction velocity of bulbospinal respiratory neurones derived from published values.5. We conclude that the short-term synchronization in these preparations is generated by the bulbospinal respiratory neurones and that the majority of their axons do not branch to make strong synaptic connexions to motoneurones over more than three to four segments.6. Interpretations of the different distributions of the other types of synchronization are discussed. PMID- 7120138 TI - Voltage-clamp studies of transient inward current and mechanical oscillations induced by ouabain in ferret papillary muscle. AB - 1. We studied the effects of a toxic concentration of ouabain on transmembrane electrical activity and on mechanical behaviour of right ventricular papillary muscles from ferrets in a single sucrose-gap using current clamp and voltage clamp.2. Ouabain (1.4-1.8 muM) induced oscillatory after-potentials and after concentrations in current-clamp experiments. Voltage clamp showed that the oscillatory after-potential was caused by a transient inward current, similar to that in Purkinje fibres.3. The transient current had a sigmoidal dependence on the preceding (activating) voltage step V1, with a treshold around -13 mV and a plateau between +10 and 20 mV. There was a decline in current amplitude for more positive clamps. When activated by a fixed V1 voltage step, and measured at different repolarization levels V2, the transient current manifested an inverse dependence on V2 between -50 and -10 mV. No outward transient current could be detected. Total replacement of Na in the bathing medium by Tris or by sucrose abolished the transient current.4. Ouabain caused an increase of phasic (twitch) tension responses to voltage steps at all potentials without shifting the curve relating these variables on the voltage axis. The drug evoked an even greater increase in the tonic tension responses.5. After prolonged exposure, oscillatory mechanical responses were frequently recorded during positive voltage steps. Unlike the after-contraction, these mechanical fluctuations were not consistently damped and were not accompanied by detectable synchronous current fluctuations. Catecholamines and dibutyryl cyclic AMP markedly reduced the amplitude of the tonic contraction and the mechanical oscillations but increased their frequency. Caffeine had no effect on the tonic contraction amplitude but abolished the fluctuations.6. These results support the proposal that Ca is transiently released from the overloaded sarcoplasmic reticulum in ouabain-intoxicated muscle and may evoke oscillatory responses in nearby contractile fibrils. When these transient increases of sarcoplasmic free Ca are large enough, they may induce the transient transmembrane current described above. PMID- 7120137 TI - Ionic requirements for membrane oscillations and their dependence on the calcium concentration in a molluscan pace-maker neurone. AB - 1. Membrane currents from the bursting pace-maker neurone R-15 of Aplysia were measured under conditions designed to simulate membrane oscillations. Changes in the absorbance of the Ca(2+)-sensitive dye arsenazo III were used to monitor changes in the free intracellular Ca(2+) concentration, [Ca](i), under these conditions. In addition, changes in the extracellular K(+), concentration [K](o) were measured with K(+)-sensitive electrodes.2. In normal external ionic conditions the depolarizing phase of pace-maker activity was associated with a slow inward current and the hyperpolarizing phase with a slow outward current.3. In cells where the early inward Na(+) current was blocked by tetrodotoxin and outward K(+) currents were suppressed by intracellular EGTA and extracellular tetraethylammonium and 4-aminopyridine, the slow inward current was significantly larger in amplitude and was suppressed by removal of external Ca(2+) or the addition of external La(3+), but not by the removal of external Na(+).4. The slow inward current was increased when [Ca](o) was raised and decreased when it was reduced in the manner expected for current flow through a Ca(2+) channel. The selectivity of the slow inward current for divalent cations was [Formula: see text].5. The slow inward current was only slightly reduced by a 10 degrees C reduction in temperature.6. In normal external and internal ionic conditions changes in dye absorbance occurred when the membrane was depolarized with slow triangular voltage ramps or long depolarizing steps within the pace-maker oscillation range. The obsorbance change, and thus the increase in Ca(2+), [Ca](i), was well correlated with the appearance of the slow inward current. Moreover, the magnitude of the slow outward current was dependent upon the change in [Ca](i).7. The slow inward current and a substantial fraction of the outward current, as well as the change in [Ca](i), were reduced appreciably by the addition of La(3+) ions (3 mM) to the external medium.8. The increase in [Ca](i) during prolonged depolarization was not affected by external tetrodotoxin or by the removal of external Na(+), but was abolished by a Ca(2+)-free external medium containing EGTA. Nevertheless, significant changes occurred in [Ca](i) during depolarization in 0.1 mM-external Ca(2+).9. In normal external and internal ionic conditions extracellular K(+), [K](o), increased during the depolarizing phase of the pace-maker cycle and decayed during the hyperpolarizing phase.10. There was a measurable increase in [K](o) during small prolonged depolarizing steps which produced a net inward current, indicating that inward and outward currents overlap under normal conditions.11. In the absence of action potential discharge, [Ca](i) increased during the depolarizing phase and decreased during the hyperpolarizing phase of the membrane oscillation.12. It is proposed that pace maker oscillations depend upon three separate but linked systems which include a voltage-dependent Ca(2+) current, the free intracellular Ca(2+) concentration and the Ca(2+)-activated K(+) current. PMID- 7120139 TI - Comparison of effects of denervation and botulinum toxin paralysis on muscle properties in mice. AB - 1. The properties of denervated and fully innervated but paralysed soleus and extensor digitorum longus (e.d.l.) muscles were compared in mice.2. Muscles were paralysed by single or repeated injections of botulinum toxin into the right lower leg. Contralateral muscles were denervated at the same time by sciatic nerve section. Muscles were excised 3-20 days later and direct and indirect isometric twitch and tetanic tensions measured in vitro. ACh sensitivity was assessed from isometric contractions to various concentrations of bath-applied ACh perchlorate.3. Denervated muscles as expected from the work of others developed sensitivity to ACh earlier and more rapidly than paralysed muscles. A transient peak of sensitivity was reached after 7 days of denervation in soleus and after 8 days in e.d.l. However 2 days later the sensitivity of muscles fully paralysed to nerve twitch and tetanic stimuli was not significantly different from that of denervated muscles.4. In both e.d.l. and soleus the direct tetanus/twitch ratios declined in paralysed and denervated muscles. The decline was initially more rapid in denervated than paralysed soleus, but the ratios for paralysed and denervated muscles were not significantly different after 10 days in either muscle. By this time there were no differences in the absolute strengths of the paralysed and denervated muscles.5. It is concluded that the ACh sensitivity and dynamic properties of fully paralysed mouse muscles become equal to those of denervated muscles once the acute effects associated with nerve degeneration are past. This result is consistent with the idea that normal neuronal control of extrajunctional mammalian skeletal muscle properties is mediated solely by means of activity. PMID- 7120140 TI - Effect of potassium depolarization on sodium-dependent calcium efflux from goldfish heart ventricles and guinea-pig atria. AB - 1. (45)Ca fluxes were studied in normal and potassium-depolarized goldfish ventricles as a function of the external Na concentration. Some of the experiments were also performed on guinea-pig auricles.2. When the external K concentration was increased from 5.4 to 142 mM, keeping osmolarity constant by adding 137 mM-Li or choline (hyperosmotically) to the low K solution, the (45)Ca efflux was reversibly inhibited, whereas the [(3)H]sucrose efflux was unaffected.3. Goldfish ventricles, which have been depolarized with 142 mM-K for 100 min, repolarized within 20 min, from ca. -15 mV to ca. -70 mV, following the application of 5.4 mM-K. This repolarization was independent of the presence of external Na. During the repolarization the (45)Ca efflux was reactivated. This reactivation, however, depended on the external Na concentration. Comparable results were obtained in guinea-pig atria.4. A similar repolarization and Na dependent reactivation of (45)Ca efflux was obtained in goldfish ventricles superfused with 10(-6) M-Ca(2+) (4.5 mM-Ca, 5 mM-EGTA, pH 7.1), provided that the (45)Ca washout was started in high K.5. In 10(-6) M-Ca(2+), 137 mM-Na, 5.4 mM-K and 137 mM-choline goldfish ventricles depolarized to about -25 mV within 80 min. If the choline was now replaced by 137 mM-K, the membrane potential moved to ca. 15 mV, and under these conditions the (45)Ca efflux was slightly increased.6. Following Na-free perfusion for 100 min, and at normal external Ca concentrations, the (45)Ca efflux from goldfish ventricles was stimulated by the addition of Na. The curve relating this stimulation to the external Na concentration had a sigmoidal shape and was shifted to the right by K depolarization. In guinea-pig atria the inhibition of the Na-stimulated Ca efflux by depolarization was of a non-competitive type.7. Following a Na-free incubation of 100 min and a subsequent period of 20 min in 137 mM-Na, the intracellular Na content of goldfish ventricular cells was some 20% lower in K-depolarized cells than in cells at the resting potential.8. (45)Ca influx in goldfish ventricles in the presence of 137 or 68.5 mM-Na was not significantly changed by K depolarization.9. The results show that the Na-dependent fraction of Ca efflux is inhibited by high external K. The effect is probably due to depolarization, which may be an argument in favour of electrogenic n Na(+)-1 Ca(2+) exchange, with n >/= 3. PMID- 7120141 TI - Biochemical evidence for re-use of noradrenergic storage vesicles in the guinea pig heart. AB - 1. The present investigation was specifically aimed to study the question of re use of sympathetic storage vesicles of the isolated guinea-pig heart.2. Tetraethylammonium (TEA, 20 mM) caused a massive enhancement of noradrenaline (NA) overflow upon transmural stimulation of the heart. The enhancement was inversely related to the frequency of stimulation, and maximum amounts (expressed per pulse) overflowed upon stimulation with one pulse. After one pulse the overflow reached a maximum level in about 20 sec and gradually declined to a basal level in about 80 sec.3. Enhanced overflow of NA by TEA and intermittent stimulation was accompanied by reduction in ventricular NA content. Reduction was inversely related to the frequency of stimulation. Almost 50% reduction occurred 15 min after TEA and stimulation (1 Hz), and reached a maximum value (80%) in 60 70 min.4. Substantially higher quantities of NA were recovered in the perfusion fluid than were lost from the heart after TEA plus stimulation.5. Reduction in NA content effected by TEA plus stimulation (for 70 min) was not accompanied by any decrease in dopamine-beta-hydroxylase.6. After incubation with 6 mum-NA, the normal ventricular portions showed a net accumulation of NA (0.87 mug/g). Tissue NA content was not changed upon incubation with 6 mum-dopamine or 25 muM-L-DOPA (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine).7. Partially depleted stores of ventricular NA (by TEA and stimulation) were restored to a significant extent by exogenous NA, dopamine or L-DOPA. The process of partial depletion of and repletion with NA was repeated two times in the same tissue. Restoring effects of NA, dopamine and L DOPA on the NA stores of the partially depleted ventricle were almost completely blocked by desipramine.8. Newly retained NA or that synthesized from L-DOPA in a partially depleted ventricle was released upon electrical stimulation. The release was totally dependent on Ca.9. The capacity of a partially depleted tissue to take up and retain exogenous NA remained identical to that of a normal ventricle, provided the tissue was stimulated in the presence of TEA for only 10 min rather than for 70 min.10. Our conclusion is that the functional integrity of the noradrenergic storage vesicles of cardiac sympathetic nerves remains normal after exocytotic release of their transmitter substance. One possibility is that these vesicles can be re-utilized by the terminal region of the neurone to synthesize, store and release their transmitter substance. PMID- 7120142 TI - Constrictor actions of acetylcholine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and histamine on bovine coronary artery inner and outer muscle. AB - 1. In bovine coronary arteries, cholinesterase staining showed an extensive cholinergic innervation at the adventitia-media junction, and some cholinesterase in the outer but not inner smooth muscle.2. Acetylcholine or methacholine caused large, atropine-sensitive contractions of outer muscle but caused little contraction of inner muscle.3. Fluorescence microscopy for monoamines and for histamine, supported by chemical assays, showed no adrenergic innervation but showed numerous fluorescent cells in the adventitia and the outer 50% of the media which stained as mast cells and contained large amounts of histamine and noradrenaline and some dopamine, but little 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT).4. 5 hydroxytryptamine (acting by D receptors) and histamine (acting by H(1) receptors) in high concentrations caused large contractions, of similar size, in inner and outer muscle. In given submaximal concentrations they generally caused more contraction of outer than inner muscle, particularly in the case of histamine, provided that imipramine or desipramine was present to inhibit uptake of the agents by mast cells which were present in the outer part of the artery wall.5. Without blockade of uptake, 5-HT applied to the arteries in submaximal concentrations caused less contraction of outer than inner muscle; histamine still caused significantly more contraction of outer than inner muscle.6. The findings indicate that the cholinergic constrictor nerves of these arteries, unlike adrenergic constrictor nerves of other systemic arteries, act almost solely on outer muscle of the vessel wall; and that mast cells give considerable protection against constriction by 5-HT, but little against histamine, reaching the vessel from its adventitial surface. PMID- 7120143 TI - Asynchronous respiratory activity of the diaphragm during spontaneous breathing in the lamb. AB - 1. Direct simultaneous recordings from chronically implanted electrodes in different parts of the diaphragm were made in young lambs in which laryngeal adductor (thyroarytenoideus) and intercostal electromyograms, airflow, tracheal pressure and electrocorticogram and electro-oculograms for behavioural state were also recorded.2. An asynchrony of diaphragmatic contraction occurred which was dependent on sleep state. The vertebral portion showed maximal post-inspiratory activity while the lateral paratendinous portion usually terminated abruptly with end-inspiration, reciprocating closely with the onset of expiratory laryngeal adductor activity during quiet sleep. The contraction of the sternal portion was similar to the vertebral portion. In active (rapid eye movement) sleep there was no expiratory laryngeal constriction and post-inspiratory activity occurred in all portions of the diaphragm. During the characteristic bursts of rapid breathing in active sleep all post-inspiratory activity disappeared and the diaphragm contracted synchronously.3. General anaesthesia (Halothane/N(2)O or Nembutal) abolished expiratory laryngeal adductor activity and the discharge pattern became similar in all parts of the diaphragm.4. Intrathoracic vagotomy of Xylocaine blockade below the recurrent laryngeal nerves abolished post inspiratory activity in all parts of the diaphragm, in contrast to the effect on expiratory laryngeal adductor activity which increased.5. Sustained ;tonic' electromyographic activity was often recorded from the costal and to a lesser extent the paratendinous portion of the diaphragm. This activity related to adjacent intercostal activity:ipsilateral intercostal blockade with local anaesthetic (Xylocaine 1%) abolished both the intercostal and the ;tonic' activity of the costal margins of the diaphragm. Conversely ipsilateral phrenic nerve blockade abolished all but the ;tonic' activity which related to intercostal activity.6. Interpretation of the respiratory activity of the diaphragm could not be made adequately from conventionally placed electrodes (i.e. costal, sternal slip or surface) during spontaneous breathing in unanaesthetized lambs. Simultaneous recordings showed that while expiratory flow and duration were actively controlled by expiratory laryngeal adductor activity and the diaphragm, the latter performed asynchronously. While both laryngeal and diaphragmatic expiratory functions were substantially under vagal control, the former increased and the latter decreased with reduced vagal input. PMID- 7120144 TI - Circadian rhythms of urinary excretion: the relationship between the amount excreted and the circadian changes. AB - 1. The circadian rhythms of urinary excretion of water, sodium, chloride, potassium, urate, calcium and phosphate have been studied in several groups of volunteers. 2. These rhythms have been measured: under nychthemeral and constant routine regimens; while subjects were in an Isolation Unit or allowed free egress into society; with spontaneous changes in dietary intake; or after potassium loading. 3. A direct relationship between 24 h mean rate of excretion and range of excretion was found in all circumstances and for all variables; this relationship was found also when the mesor and amplitude of the cosine curve best describing each 24 h of data were considered. 4. These relationships derive from the observation that, with increases in 24 h mean rates of excretion, nocturnal rates increased less than diurnal rates. 5. This differential sensitivity as between the night and day times has both endogenous and exogenous components. 6. It is suggested that circadian rhythms of urinary excretion result at least partially from this differential sensitivity of the kidney to homeostatic control mechanisms. PMID- 7120145 TI - Accurate repositioning of the human thumb against unpredictable dynamic loads is dependent upon peripheral feed-back. AB - 1. The strategy of accurate movement of the human thumb has been studied in nine subjects. An open-loop hypothesis, which states that a new final position is defined by re-setting the agonist/antagonist spring constants, was tested2. Subjects were trained to flex the top joint of the thumb rapidly through 20 deg in about a third of a second from a fixed starting position against a load. Occasionally, and unpredictably, the viscous friction of the load was altered prior to it's being moved. The spring hypothesis predicts that such a change in load should have no effect on final position accuracy.3. Under normal conditions no final position error developed when the viscous friction was increased. A small overshoot occurred when the viscous friction was decreased.4. The electromyogram recorded from surface electrodes over the belly of flexor pollicis longus in the forearm revealed an increase in activity in response to an increase in viscous friction and a decrease in activity when the viscous friction was reduced.5. When the joint and cutaneous afferents from the thumb were anaesthetized, the e.m.g. response to a change in viscous friction was severely attenuated and consistent final position errors developed.6. Even though the compensatory open-loop muscle properties went some way towards maintaining accuracy, the change in final position error that occurred as a result of thumb anaesthesia correlated well (r = 0.84) with the amount of muscle e.m.g. response that was lost.7. The latency of the e.m.g. response to a change in viscous friction was compared to that of a voluntary response by asking the subject to push down or let go upon perception of the load change. Approximately the first 100 ms of the e.m.g. response was unaffected by the voluntary intervention of the subject.8. We conclude that the spring hypothesis does not explain human thumb movement. It is argued that the long-latency stretch reflex machinery is responsible for some automatic compensation for unexpected interference with movement. PMID- 7120146 TI - Adrenal catecholamine output in response to stimulation of the splanchnic nerve in bursts in the conscious calf. AB - 1. Different patterns of stimulation have been applied to the peripheral end of the right splanchnic nerve, below behavioural threshold, in conscious 2-5 week old calves. 2. The effects of continuous stimulation at 4 Hz for 10 min were compared with those of stimulation at 40 Hz in 1 s bursts at 10 s intervals for the same period. Delivering the same total number of impulses in the form of bursts in this way increased the output of both adrenaline and noradrenaline and this increase was statistically significant in the case of adrenaline (P less than 0.02) but not noradrenaline. 3. The effects of stimulation in 1 s bursts at 10 s intervals for 2-3 min were investigated over the frequency range 10-150 Hz and compared with the effects of continuous stimulation over the range 1-15 Hz obtained previously in conscious calves of the same age (Edwards, Furness and Halle, 1980). The output of adrenaline but not noradrenaline was found to significantly greater in response to stimulation in bursts at frequencies of up to 40 Hz than when the equivalent number of impulses were delivered at a constant rate (P less than 0.02). 4. It is concluded that the release of catecholamines from the adrenal gland is maximal at relatively high frequencies (40-100 Hz) when the impulses are delivered in bursts. PMID- 7120147 TI - Rapid restoration of functional input to the visual cortex of the cat after brief monocular deprivation. AB - 1. We recorded extracellularly from 1045 neurones in area 17 of seven monocularly deprived kittens and we employed careful sampling techniques to examine the effects of removing the signals from the non-deprived eye on the proportion of cells responding to stimulation of the deprived eye.2. Monocular deprivation itself produced a pronounced over-all change in the ocular dominance of neurones in favour of the experienced eye, but both between animals and even between different samples of cells in individual animals there were marked variations in the magnitude of the effect.3. Monocular deprivation starting immediately at the time of natural eye opening and lasting for several weeks reduced to about 10% the proportion of cortical neurones influenced through the deprived eye. Enucleation of the experienced eye did not then produce a significant increase in the proportion of cells responsive to the deprived eye.4. Monocular deprivation lasting 3 days or more and beginning at 5 weeks of age, after normal binocular vision, also shifted ocular dominance substantially: 11-27% of neurones responded through the deprived eye. Enucleation of the experienced eye or topical anaesthesia of the optic nerve resulted in a substantial recovery of input from the deprived eye: up to 78% of the cells responded.5. In such animals the majority of neurones that recovered input from the deprived eye had receptive field properties qualitatively similar to those of normal cortical cells. Recording in a single penetration both before and after enucleation (or optic nerve block) suggested that the orientation preferences of cells with recovered input followed the same sequence as was originally present for the non-deprived eye.6. Recovery of input occurred in all cortical laminae in which cells were recorded, even in layer IV, and mainly took the form of an expansion of already existing clusters of cells driven by the deprived eye.7. Spontaneous activity tended to increase after enucleation.8. The results indicate that monocular deprivation after a period of normal binocular vision leaves subthreshold but functionally organized synaptic input from the deprived eye on cortical cells, which is revealed when activity arising in the retina of the non-deprived eye is abolished. PMID- 7120148 TI - Brief monocular deprivation leaves subthreshold synaptic input on neurones of the cat's visual cortex. AB - 1. We have examined neurones in area 17 of monocularly deprived kittens for subthreshold input in response to visual stimulation through the deprived eye during reversible abolition of activity from the non-deprived eye and during increased excitability of cortical neurones induced by ionophoresis of DL homocysteic acid (DL-H).2. After two or three days of monocular deprivation, beginning five weeks post-natally, most cortical neurones were dominated by the non-deprived eye. From a sample of forty-three neurones, from three kittens, driven exclusively by the non-deprived eye, only 16% developed responses to stimulation through the deprived eye as a result of reversible pressure blinding of the non-deprived eye. The responses through the deprived eye during pressure blinding usually developed over a period of several minutes and were always transitory: in no cases did the response persist for more than a few minutes after the return of the normal response through the non-deprived eye. Occasionally cells became responsive through the deprived eye during a short period of heightened general excitability after the release of pressure.3. Ionophoretic application of DL-H usually increased the spontaneous activity of cortical neurones. From two kittens monocularly deprived for three days during the fourth or fifth week of life, out of a sample of sixteen cortical neurones initially responsive only through the non-deprived eye, 63% showed responses to visual stimulation through the deprived eye during DL-H application. From a kitten monocularly deprived for 12 d from post-natal day 38, 28% of eighteen initially monocular neurones developed responses through the deprived eye during DL-H application.4. Preliminary results from intracellular recording showed apparently monocular neurones with excitatory input from the deprived eye producing subthreshold synaptic activity in response to moving bars of the same orientation that gave a suprathreshold response through the non-deprived eye. PMID- 7120149 TI - Difference in kinetics between the distal and proximal parts of the canine parietal cell mass in response to pentagastrin. AB - 1. Dogs were provided with one denervated gastric pouch in the distal and another of equal size in the proximal part of the corpus fundus. Dose-response curves for pentagastrin were determined for acid output and mucosal blood flow, which was measured with the Neutral Red technique. 2. Maximum acid output was significantly higher for the distal (mean 165.4 mumol min-1) than for the proximal pouch (53.8 mumol). ED50 for acid output was significantly higher for the proximal (5.10 micrograms kg-1 h-1 of pentagastrin) than for the distal pouch (1.98 micrograms). 3. ED50 for blood flow did not differ significantly between the distal (0.48 microgram) and the proximal pouch (1.23 micrograms). For both pouches ED50 for blood flow was significantly lower than that for simultaneous acid output. This indicated that the rise in blood flow precedes that of acid output. 4. Regression analysis indicated similar ratios between maximum mucosal blood flow and maximum acid output for the distal (0.17 ml mumol-1) and the proximal (0.14 ml mumol 1)pouch. 5. The difference in maximum acid output between the two pouches correlates well with the known difference between distal and proximal parts in volume fraction of the parietal cells, while there is no valid explanation for the difference in ED50 for acid output. It can be excluded that these differences in acid production depend on dissimilarities in mucosal blood flow. PMID- 7120150 TI - Amino acid inhibition and stimulation of 2-aminoisobutyric acid exit from anuran small intestine. AB - 1. Using the vascularly perfused frog small intestine, the exit of the non metabolized amino acid 2-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) from the pre-loaded epithelium into the blood has been studied in winter animals.2. Marked inhibition of the instantaneous rate constant for AIB exit into the vascular bed is observed when L-leucine, but not D-leucine, is added either to the intestinal lumen or to the vascular bed. The extent of the inhibition is related to the leucine concentration in an alinear fashion. The concentration of luminal L-leucine giving half maximal inhibition is 2.5 mM.3. The instantaneous rate constant for AIB exit is similarly decreased by 10 mM-L-tryptophan and by L-phenylalanine added to the intestinal lumen and to a lesser extent by L-asparagine, L-valine, L glutamine, L-isoleucine, and L-norleucine.4. 10 mM-L-proline added to the lumen stimulates AIB exit from the pre-loaded epithelium into the blood. This stimulation is due to an increased rate constant for movement of AIB across the basolateral membrane.5. No inhibition is found when the dipeptide L-leucyl-L leucine (10 mM) is added to the intestinal lumen in the presence of 10 mM-L leucine. When added to the vascular compartment this dipeptide has no effect upon AIB exit from the epithelium.6. Possible mechanisms by which amino acids and peptides may influence AIB movement out of the epithelium into the blood are discussed and conclusions are drawn concerning AIB transport across the intestinal basolateral membrane of the intact epithelium. PMID- 7120151 TI - The effects of muscle length on intracellular calcium transients in mammalian cardiac muscle. AB - 1. The calcium-sensitive photoprotein aequorin was micro-injected into cells of rat and cat ventricular muscles. The resulting light emission is a function of intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i). The transient increases in [Ca2+]i that accompany contraction were monitored. 2. After an increase in muscle length, the developed tension increased immediately and then showed a slow increase over a period of minutes. The peak [Ca2+]i in each contraction was initially unchanged after an increase in muscle length but then showed a slow increase with a time course similar to that of the slow tension change. 3. As a consequence of these slow changes, the shape of the tension-length relation depends on the procedure used to determine it and this change in shape can be attributed to changes in activation. 4. Immediately after an increase in muscle length the calcium transient was abbreviated. 5. When a quick release was performed during a contraction, a short-lived increase in the [Ca2+]i was observed following the release. 6. The two previous observations can both be explained if the binding constant of troponin for calcium is a function of developed tension. PMID- 7120153 TI - [Morphological properties of fast and slow PT cells in the cat revealed by intracellular pressure injection of HRP ]. AB - Intracellular pressure injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was applied to PT cells in the motor cortex of awake cats to reveal morphological properties. All PT cels recovered (N = 23) had pyramidal shaped somata located in layer V. All had apical dendrites going toward superficial layers and had basal dendrites spreading in layers V and VI. Fast and slow PT cells had axon collaterals which extended in layers V and VI. The spine density of fast PT cells in layer III was lower than that of slow ones as an average, but some fast PT cells had spines as many as slow ones. This was not in agreement with the previous report (Labelle and Deschenes16).) Morphological features to separate fast and slow PT cells were: (1)Fast PT cells had larger somata (20-50 micrometers in long axis) than slow PT cells (20-28 micrometers). (2)Horizontal spread of the dendritic field in layer V was larger in fast PT cells (mean : 654.7 micrometers) than in slow PT cells (mean : 222.0 micrometers). PMID- 7120152 TI - Kinetics of thiamine transport across the blood-brain barrier in the rat. AB - 1. By measurement of the rate of disappearance of injected tracer thiamine from the bloodstream, a programme for the continuous injection of thiamine at a variable rate has been devized by which a steady raised level can be achieved rapidly and maintained in the circulation. By this means the flux of radioactive thiamine across the blood-brain barrier has been measured. 2. In separate experiments progressively higher levels of thiamine were maintained in the bloodstream. Evidence was obtained that the transport of thiamine across the blood-brain barrier is a carrier-mediated process which can be saturated by raised levels of thiamine. 3. The saturation of the transport process was incomplete: kinetic analysis showed that there was a non-saturable component of the transport which was probably due to passive diffusion. 4. The contribution of the non-saturable component was normally small and is probably insufficient to meet the needs of the brain for the vitamin unless the concentration of the vitamin in the blood is raised considerably above normal. 5. This two-component transport process had substantially similar kinetic parameters in different regions of the brain. PMID- 7120154 TI - [Heart rates in male Wistar rats reared under different conditions of the weaning period and social housing]. AB - A prior study reported the developmental changes in heart rate (HR) in male rats. In this paper, we carried out more laborious analyses to check and compare the differences among effects of the rearing conditions. In group-housed rats, the earlier the weaning periods, the lower the variance within litter, but the higher the variance between litters. In contrast to this, high values within litter were maintained in the earlier weaned isolates On the occasion, 18 G was close to 28 G in changes in the variance, and 18 I showed the same trends as 14 I, thus indicating the different significance of the periods of 14-18 days after birth and 18-28 days concerning the interaction of mother and offspring. The rats that interacted with both littermates and mother as 18 G and 28 G, showed the marked reduction in the variance between individuals along with age as opposed to 14 I, 18 I and 14 G in which the infantile form of higher variances were maintained after the 10 th week. A dynamic model of HR was led, which showed two distinct phases according to the changes in the variance. These phases corresponded to the development and aging stages. In addition, the implications of "intrinsic process", "immaturity" and "enriched environments" were discussed. PMID- 7120155 TI - [Slow component of potential changes in the eyelid elicited by flash stimulation, with special reference to the eye movement]. PMID- 7120156 TI - Serum uric acid, serum cholesterol and personality. PMID- 7120157 TI - Cardiac and subjective response to cognitive challenge and to controlled physical exercise by male and female coronary prone (type A) and non-coronary prone persons. PMID- 7120158 TI - Extracranial and cardiovascular reactivity in migrainous subjects. PMID- 7120159 TI - The stimulus control paradigm in sleep-onset insomnia: a multimethod assessment. PMID- 7120160 TI - Characteristics distinguishing high-anxious and medium-/low-anxious women during pregnancy. PMID- 7120161 TI - Differences in serum cortisol concentrations in organic and psychogenic chronic pain syndromes. PMID- 7120162 TI - Life event stress, psychosocial factors, suicide attempt and auto-accident proclivity. PMID- 7120163 TI - Fear and courage: some military aspects. PMID- 7120164 TI - Division-based psychiatry in intensive war situations: suggestions for improvement. PMID- 7120165 TI - Traumatic war neurosis: Egyptian experience. PMID- 7120166 TI - The Soviet attitude to stress in battle. PMID- 7120167 TI - The concept of an army as a psychiatric casualty. PMID- 7120168 TI - Battleshock--the chemical dimension. PMID- 7120170 TI - Domestic care dependency in the aged: a total community survey in Israel. AB - Two hundred and sixty elderly residents of 10 rural Israeli communities were screened for the presence of a variety of domestic disabilities using the Domestic Care Dependency Index. The Index measures ability to function without help in shopping, cooking, laundering, housekeeping, reaching a source of primary medical care and identifying doctor-prescribed medication. Sixty-four per cent of the population screened showed dependency in at least one category. Dependency increased with age and was much more common in men (94.7 per cent) than women (33.3 per cent). We emphasize the importance of identifying domestic needs in the elderly, both real and potential, so that family members or community workers can provide help where it is needed and the necessity for prolonged professional or institutional care can be avoided or postponed. PMID- 7120169 TI - Disaster, psychiatric casualties and implications for future war. PMID- 7120171 TI - Illness-specific cards--a feasibility study. AB - To reinforce and extend advice given at consultations, take-home cards for 12 conditions were devised. They were assessed by 32 general practitioners and 306 patients. The response on the whole was favourable and we suggest that this form of patient education could be helpful in primary care. PMID- 7120172 TI - General practitioners' perception of hypertension. AB - As part of a study to determine the prevalence of microscopic haematuria in hypertensive patients, 12 doctors were asked to record pre-treatment levels of blood pressure. Analysis of 163 recordings of systolic and 192 recordings of diastolic pressure demonstrated: marked zero preference; point V, the point of disappearance of sounds, as the more commonly used diastolic end point; and marked clustering of diastolic readings at 110 mmHg. The last finding suggests that this reading accompanies the decision to treat. PMID- 7120173 TI - Why not blood pressure screening by casualty departments? PMID- 7120175 TI - Numbers of spermatozoa required to effect a normal rate of conception in naturally mated Merino ewes. PMID- 7120174 TI - Antifertility action of a sterol sulphate in the rabbit. PMID- 7120176 TI - Factors influencing oestrogen-induced sensitization to acetylcholine of guinea pig uterine artery. PMID- 7120177 TI - Effect of climatic conditions on peripheral concentrations of LH, progesterone and oestradiol-17 beta in high milk-yielding cows. AB - In a subtropical climate, high milk-yielding dairy cows were kept during the summer under ventilated conditions or untreated; during the winter, cows were kept untreated. The afternoon mean rectal temperature for multiparous cows in the three groups was 39.3, 39.8 and 38.9 degrees C, respectively. Each group was significantly different from the other two (P less than 0.05). Plasma LH concentrations measured every 6 h during the oestrous period in 38 'summer' cows were not significantly different for untreated and ventilated animals. Conception rate was higher (P less than 0.05) in cows that showed oestrous behaviour before the LH surge reached its peak than in cows in which oestrus coincided with or occurred later than the LH surge. Plasma progesterone levels measured in 62 cows during the oestrous cycle before the first insemination were higher in the winter than in the summer in multiparous, but not in primiparous, cows. Ventilation increased progesterone levels in multiparous and primiparous cows. Plasma oestradiol-17 beta levels did not differ between groups until 36 h before the onset of oestrus, when they remained at 4.75 pg/ml in winter and summer ventilated cows but increased to 6.75 pg/ml in summer untreated cows (P less than 0.01). Significant negative correlations were found between oestradiol levels observed 12 h before to 12 h after the onset of oestrus and plasma progesterone concentration during both the preceding and the subsequent oestrous cycles. PMID- 7120178 TI - Oviposition and the plasma concentrations of LH, progesterone and corticosterone in bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) fed parathion. AB - Bobwhite quail were fed concentrations of parathion (0,50, 100, 200 or 400 p.p.m.) for 10 days. Food intake, body weight change, brain acetylcholinesterase activity, egg production, and ovary weight were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. In a second experiment, birds were fed 0, 25 or 100 p.p.m. parathion or pair-fed control food to equate consumption in the 100 p.p.m. group. Egg production was not affected in birds fed 25 p.p.m. or in the pair-fed group, but the daily time of oviposition was more variable than in the control group. Cessation of egg production, inhibition of follicular development, and reduced plasma LH concentration were observed in birds fed 100 p.p.m. parathion. These findings indicate that exposure to parathion can impair reproduction, possibly by altering gonadotrophin secretion. PMID- 7120179 TI - Investigation of sperm-induced cervical leucocytosis by a double mating study in rabbits. AB - The cervices of 2 normally mated does at 1 h post coitum were examined for the presence of leucocytes and compared with the cervix of an unmated doe. Cervical leucocytosis (50 x 10(6) leucocytes) was demonstrated following mating with either of 2 bucks, but not in the unmated doe. Each of 16 does was single-mated with 2 bucks whose offspring could be distinguished clearly. The interval between first and second mating was 0, 0.5, 1 or 4 h. One buck produced 68 offspring, the other buck produced 37. Cervical leucocytosis did not impair the fertility of the second buck even if it was the inferior buck; so fertilizing spermatozoa may traverse the cervices, even through large numbers of leucocytes. The differences in fertility between spermatozoa from different bucks during competitive fertilization may reflect different capacitation times of these spermatozoa. PMID- 7120180 TI - Preservation of hamster oocytes to assay the fertilizing capacity of human spermatozoa. AB - Between 70 and 80% of zona-intact hamster ova survived freezing after slow cooling (approximately 0.3 degrees C/min) to -80 degrees C in Medium PB1 containing 1.5 or 2.0 M-DMSO before transfer to -196 degrees C. After slow warming (approximately 8 degrees C/min), there was no difference in survival if the DMSO was diluted out by a slow stepwise or a rapid single addition of medium. When slow cooling was terminated at -40 degrees C by direct transfer to -196 degrees C, up to 75% of the ova survived rapid warming (approximately 500 degrees C/min) and rapid dilution if the medium contained 2.0 M-DMSO. The survival rates were calculated on the basis of the number of thawed ova which retained their normal morphological appearance after a 1 h incubation before removal of the zona pellucida with trypsin. All of these ova were penetrated after incubation with mouse spermatozoa, indicating that the freezing procedure per se does not adversely affect the penetration of frozen-thawed hamster ova by heterologous spermatozoa. There was no difference in the penetration rate of human spermatozoa into frozen (34%) or fresh (42%) oocytes when a Hepes-buffered Tyrode solution containing 30 mg BSA/ml and 2.0 M-DMSO was used as the freezing medium. However, fewer ova frozen in Medium PB1 containing 4 mg BSA/ml and 2.0 M-DMSO were penetrated by human spermatozoa (18%) compared with freshly collected ova (38%). Zona-free ova did not survive the freezing procedure as well as zona-intact ova. The survival of hamster oocytes stored at -196 degrees C offers a convenient means of supplying and transporting these ova for the assessment of the fertilizing capacity of human and other heterologous spermatozoa. PMID- 7120182 TI - Pregnancy block in laboratory mice as a function of male social status. PMID- 7120181 TI - Concentrations of oestrone sulphate, androgens and LH in the peripheral plasma of mating stallions. PMID- 7120183 TI - Changes in the tensile properties and fine structure of the rat cervix in late pregnancy and during parturition. AB - The isolated cervix from non-pregnant, early Day 22 pregnant (late pregnant) and parturient rats was studied. Cyclic loading and unloading tensile tests showed that the creep properties of the cervix were greater in late pregnant than in non pregnant rats. This change in tensile properties, or softening, was associated with a marked rise in % of water and a fall of collagen concentration (as % of wet but not dry weight). These findings, plus electron micrographs showing a marked increase in extracellular matrix, separation of bundles of collagen fibrils and active fibroblasts, suggest that softening if related to controlled tissue hydration. Cervices were also removed from 3 groups of rats killed at different times during the 3-h parturient period and creep rate measured by continuous loading. A nearly 3-fold increase in creep rate over this period indicates that there is a second stage of cervical softening in pregnancy which precedes dilatation at parturition. PMID- 7120184 TI - Cyclic variation of the cellular components in human uterine fluid. AB - Endometrial glandular cells and mononuclear phagocytic cells dominated the samples of undiluted uterine fluid obtained at different stages of the menstrual cycle whereas granulocytes were present in much lower numbers. Mast cells were occasionally found. The number of each cell type was significantly decreased in the luteal phase as compared to the midcycle and premenstrual phases. Phagocytic activity of the mononuclear cells was also significantly decreased in the luteal phase. Low numbers of inflammatory cells and low phagocytic activity during the luteal phase may be important for survival of the blastocyst in the event of conception. PMID- 7120185 TI - Preservation of the rat blood-testis barrier after ligation of the ductuli efferentes, as demonstrated by intra-arterial perfusion with peroxidase. PMID- 7120186 TI - Effect of noradrenaline on circulation in the genital tract of early and late pregnant guinea-pigs. AB - Noradrenaline infusions were given to anaesthetized guinea-pigs in early (19--23 days) and near-term (61--66 days) pregnancy. Radioactive microspheres (15 micrometers) were used to determine blood flow in various regions of the genital tract. In late gestation, a 10-min intravenous infusion of 1 micrograms noradrenaline/min/kg elicited moderate increases in vascular resistance that were counteracted by the pressor response. Uterine and placental blood flow remained unchanged, although there was a 27% decrease in perfusion of the uterine cervix and a fall of 19% in vaginal blood flow. In early pregnant guinea-pigs, blood pressure rose but vascular resistance was unaffected, resulting in an augmentation of placental blood flow. During infusion of 10 micrograms noradrenaline/min/kg, the vasonconstrictor response in late pregnancy was accentuated, and a strong decrease in tissue perfusion was noted in the placenta (-36%), uterine horns (-39%), cervix (-70%) and vagina (-56%). At the higher rate of noradrenaline infusion, vascular resistance also increased in the genital tract of early pregnant animals, although to a lesser extent than in late pregnancy. The results indicate an enhancement of the vasoconstrictor response to circulating catecholamines in near-term pregnancy. PMID- 7120187 TI - Seasonal variation in plasma concentrations of prolactin in castrated rams of breeds of sheep with different seasonality of reproduction. PMID- 7120188 TI - In-vitro fertilization in the mouse and the relevance of different sperm/egg concentrations and volumes. AB - The sperm:egg ration and sperm concentration were varied separately by using different volumes (1--100 microliters) and egg numbers (1--15). The % fertilization was determined by sperm concentration in large volumes (10--100 microliters). In small volumes (1 or 5 microliters) the number of spermatozoa/egg determined penetration rate: the effective epididymal sperm number/fertilization was 250--350. Spermatozoa obtained from the oviducts (i.e. naturally selected) gave good fertilization responses and low concentrations of epididymal spermatozoa were also more effective when oviducal fluid and cumulus cells were included in the inseminating volume. We conclude that sperm/egg collision rate is the most important factor determining % fertilization, although heterogeneity of epididymal spermatozoa limits fertilization rate at low sperm:egg ratios. PMID- 7120189 TI - Experimental studies on the passage of specific IgG to the lumen of the rabbit epididymis. AB - The extent to which specific IgG can reach the lumen of the rabbit cauda epididymidis was investigated by comparison of the concentration in serum and fluid of the cauda epididymidis of a specific IgG raised against dinitrophenylated bovine gamma globulin (DNP--BGG). This specific IgG reached the epididymal lumen although in much lower concentration than the levels in serum. The IgG was measured by a specific sensitive radioimmunoassay and in 13 normal males there was a mean molar ratio of 4.0 x 10(-3) (range: 2.5--11.0 x 10(-3)) between the epididymal lumen and blood: the mean ratio between cerebrospinal fluid and blood was 1.7 x 10(-3) (4 males). Calculations, based on the absolute concentration of anti-DNP IgG in epididymal fluid in relation to total number of spermatozoa and estimated fluid volume in the cauda epididymidis, indicated approximately 40 000 molecules anti-DNP-BGG IgG per spermatozoon. This ratio was not affected 6 days after castration or 3--4 months after vasectomy, but it was about 10 times higher than that of the controls in the cryptic epididymis subjected for 6 days to body temperature. PMID- 7120190 TI - Aromatase activity in the rabbit blastocyst. AB - Rabbit blastocysts were homogenized by sonication, and centrifuged at 105 000 g for 60 min. The pellet was resuspended and incubated in phosphate buffer containing [1 beta-3H]testosterone and a NADPH generating system. The amount of 3H2O produced was determined by liquid scintillation counting. Enzyme activity was calculated, after subtracting blank values obtained with boiled embryos, and expressed as pig testosterone aromatized per embryo per hour. Aromatase activity was undetectable to low on Day 5 and increased on Day 6 of pregnancy. There was a 10-fold increase in activity in Day-6 embryos cultured for 24 h, with a further 6 fold increase in activity in Day-6 embryos cultured for 48 h. The enzyme had an apparent Km of 0.77 microM and was completely inhibited by an aromatase inhibitor. The results clearly indicate that the rabbit blastocyst has an increasing capacity for aromatization of testosterone at about the time of implantation. PMID- 7120192 TI - Influence of incubation in utero on motility and head-to-head agglutination of ejaculated rabbit spermatozoa. AB - Ejaculated spermatozoa were rendered immotile by incubation for 8 h at 37 degrees C in 2.9% sodium citrate. Immotile spermatozoa (5 x 10(6)) were surgically inseminated into the uterine lumen of does and samples were recovered from the uterus 5, 15, 30 and 60 min after insemination. Incubation in utero led to a resumption of progressive motility and induced head-to-head agglutination. Motility and head-to-head agglutination were highest (64 and 70% respectively) at 5 min, and declined (48 and 49%) by 60 min. The percentage of spermatozoa with an intact acrosome did not change during the in-utero incubation. When spermatozoa from a single ejaculate were evaluated in different females there was significant variation (P less than 0.01) in the reinitiation of motility and agglutination. Most agglutinated spermatozoa (greater than 96%) had an intact acrosomal membrane while acrosomal integrity of single spermatozoa differed greatly among females. We conclude that the agglutinated (motile with intact acrosomes) and non agglutinated (usually immotile and with disrupted acrosomes) represent different populations within the uterine lumen. PMID- 7120191 TI - The regulation of pregnancy-associated murine protein 1 by gonadal steroids. PMID- 7120193 TI - Identification and quantitative estimation of a lignan in human and bovine semen. PMID- 7120194 TI - Embryonic development of the degu, Octodon degus. PMID- 7120195 TI - Effect of unilateral ovariectomy on the population of ovarian follicles relative to age in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). PMID- 7120196 TI - Effect of relaxin on parturition and frequency of live births in pigs. AB - Gilts on Day 105 of gestation were sham ovariectomized (Group C, N = 5); ovariectomized and given i.m. injections of 100 mg progesterone twice daily from Day 105 to 112 (Group OP, N = 5); or ovariectomized and given progesterone and i.m. injections of 1 mg highly purified porcine relaxin 4 times/day from Day 105 until the end of parturition (Group OPR, N = 5). Concentrations of progesterone in peripheral plasma of gilts in Group OP were similar to those in Group C. Relaxin was undetectable in peripheral plasma of gilts in Group OP which also showed prolonged parturition (P less than 0.001) and impaired frequency of live births (P less than 0.001), although onset of lactation was not affected. In Group OPR the duration of parturition and frequency of live births were similar to those observed for gilts in Group C. These results indicate that the ovarian hormone relaxin is necessary for normal duration of parturition and frequency of live births and that the onset of lactation is not prevented by an absence of relaxin. PMID- 7120197 TI - Survival of rat embryos after freezing. AB - The effects of cryoprotectants and freeze-thawing procedures on the survival of frozen rat morulae were examined. In the samples frozen and thawed in the presence of DMSO, ethylene glycol or glycerol, higher proportions of the embryos developed into blastocysts in culture when they were frozen slowly (50--71%) than when they were frozen rapidly (20--39%), but the thawing rates of the slowly frozen samples did not affect the viability of the embryos. When erythritol was used as a cryoprotectant, all of the embryos frozen-thawed slowly were killed but rapidly thawed embryos survived regardless of the freezing rate (36--52%). The morulae frozen slowly with ethylene glycol or glycerol and those frozen rapidly with DMSO or erythritol were transferred to recipients after thawing and full term young were obtained with all 4 cryoprotectants. PMID- 7120198 TI - Association of buffalo sperm protein kinase with sperm chromatin. AB - Protein kinase activity (EC 2.7.1.37) of buffalo spermatozoa is distributed in the head (22%) and midpieces + tails (74%). Extraction of sperm heads with 0.1% Triton X-100 solubilized 35--40 of the protein kinase activity and the remaining 60--65% was associated tightly with the sperm chromatin. That the sperm chromatin preparation was pure was established by recording its spectrum at 320/260 nm (0.07), determining its composition (protein:DNA ratio, 0.79), electron microscope examination and through the assay of marker enzymes. Extraction of the chromatin preparation with 1 M-NaCl only partly solubilized the protein kinase activity while treatment with DNase in the presence of dithiothreitol inactivated the nuclear protein kinase. The chromatin-associated protein kinase activity had a broad pH optimum (7.6--8.4), an essential requirement for Mg2+ and ATP as a phosphate donor. Histones and non-histone proteins served as substrates, the preferred substrate being arginine rich histone VIII followed by casein and phosvitin. Nuclear protein kinase activity was neither stimulated by cyclic AMP nor inhibited by purified muscle protein kinase inhibitor. It is suggested that chromatin-associated protein kinase (Type III protein kinase) may be involved in the control of DNA-template activity. PMID- 7120199 TI - Contractility of the rat cauda epididymidis and vas deferens during seminal emission. PMID- 7120200 TI - Effects of putative protease inhibitors on the acrosome reaction of sea urchin spermatozoa. AB - The acrosome reaction was induced by jelly coat factors, nigericin, or elevated pH. When spermatozoa were preincubated for 5 min in sea water maintained at pH 7.9 in the presence of 1 mM-phenylmethylsulphonyl-fluoride (PMSF), 1 mM benzamidine, 0.1 mM-1-chloro-3-tosyl-amido-7-amino-2-heptanone (TLCK), 5 mM diisopropylphosphofluoridate (DFP) or 5 mM-DFP that was previously hydrolysed, only DFP or its hydrolysis product(s) prevented formation of the acrosomal filament induced by jelly coat factors. When incubation with inhibitors was extended to 2 h only TLCK and its hydrolysis products inhibited the jelly-induced acrosome reaction. Only DFP significantly inhibited the acrosome reaction induced by elevated pH (9.0). Nigericin induced acrosome reactions in the presence of DFP or TLCK. These findings do not support the concept of an active role for acrosin in development of an acrosome reaction. PMID- 7120201 TI - Tracer-flux analysis of sodium and potassium permeability in differentiating mouse spermatozoa. PMID- 7120202 TI - Effects of oxytocin on the bovine corpus luteum of early pregnancy. PMID- 7120203 TI - Anti-oestrogen modification of uterine responses to oestrogen in the rat. AB - Oestradiol (single injection) resulted in a peak in uterine blood flow 3 h later with a secondary rise in blood flow at 30 h. Uterine wet and dry weights increased more slowly and were still above control values 24 h after the injection. If a second injection of oestradiol was given 24 h after the first then uterine blood flow was again maximal at 3 h but remained at this level for a further 3 h, probably due to the secondary rise induced by the first injection. Uterine wet weight was further increased by the second injection of oestradiol but the effect did not occur until 6 h after the oestrogen treatment. Pretreatment with an anti-oestrogen, tamoxifen or nafoxidine, inhibited or reduced significantly the uterine weight and uterine blood flow responses to oestrogen but increased uterine weights and produced some increase in uterine blood flow when given alone. It is suggested that both blood flow and weight responses to oestrogen in the uterus are mediated through the oestrogen receptors. PMID- 7120204 TI - Effects of epinephrine and hypotaurine on in-vitro fertilization in the golden hamster. AB - Using an experimental design in which the addition of hypotaurine or epinephrine was staggered through time, evidence was found that suggests these two compounds are working independently and sequentially to stimulate the fertilizing capacity of hamster spermatozoa in vitro. Prior exposure of spermatozoa to hypotaurine is a prerequisite for the action of epinephrine in causing activation and penetration of hamster ova. A definite role for hypotaurine in inducing capacitation of hamster spermatozoa is also demonstrated. The alpha-adrenergic antagonist, phentolamine, was more effective in blocking fertilization of hamster ova in vitro than was propranolol, a beta-antagonist. This indicates tha catecholamines may be working by way of alpha-adrenergic receptors in causing capacitation of hamster spermatozoa. The failure to block fertilization with phentolamine after epinephrine has exerted its effect implies that epinephrine acts in a hormone-like fashion. PMID- 7120205 TI - Alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase activity in human foetal lymphocytes. AB - Human foetal mononuclear cells from thymus, spleen, liver, bone marrow and peripheral blood at 8-24 weeks of gestation were examined for cytochemical evidence of acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) activity. The focal brownish-red ANAE reaction product (T cell staining pattern) was observed in counterstained cytocentrifuged cell smears in the cytoplasm. ANAE-positive lymphoid cells were first observed in the thymus at 9 weeks of gestation. A gradual increase in frequency of ANAE-positive cells in foetal thymus was observed, from about 10% at 14-15 weeks to about 20% at 22-24 weeks of gestation. By 14 weeks of foetal age, spleen and liver contained a few ANAE-positive cells and after 15 weeks of gestation consistent occurrence of ANAE-positive cells was observed in foetal bone marrow and peripheral blood. These results demonstrate that ANAE-positive lymphocytes first appear in the foetal thymus and are subsequently found in the foetal liver, spleen, bone marrow and peripheral blood. PMID- 7120206 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to human sperm antigens. AB - To elucidate the molecular nature of human sperm autoantigens, attempts were made to raise monoclonal antibodies against these antigens, by hybridoma techniques. After successive immunizations with the particulate fractions of human sperm extract in BALB/c mice, the spleen cells were fused with P3-X63-Ag8 myeloma cells. Several clones and their subclones were obtained and shown by microplate radioimmunoassay to produce antibodies against human sperm antigens. When SDS gel/protein blot radioimmunobinding was used for further molecular analysis, three independently derived clones were shown to produce antibodies, all of which cross-reacted with the same two human sperm antigens with a molecular weight of about 10,000. Using an indirect immunofluorescence assay, antibodies produced by these clones were shown to react with antigens localized on the acrosomal regions of human spermatozoa. Monoclonal antibodies produced by other clones, however, showed no cross-reactivity with any of the blotted proteins from SDS gels of human spermatozoa. Some possible reasons for this are presented. PMID- 7120207 TI - Improving teaching in a multisite clerkship. Faculty-development workshops. PMID- 7120209 TI - Sexuality and pregnancy. A prospective study. AB - The normative changes in various sexual variables in pregnancy remain controversial. Much of the data available have been derived from retrospective and subjective, prospective investigations. The present prospective study indicated decreases in sexual enjoyment, coital frequency and orgasm as pregnancy progressed. A midtrimester increase in sexual desire preceding a progressive decrease was evident. Overall sexual satisfaction was correlated with feeling happy about being pregnant, feeling more attractive in late pregnancy than before pregnancy and experiencing orgasm. Anticipatory guidance and informed counsel regarding sexual changes in pregnancy should be provided to help pregnant patients and their husbands adapt to the pregnancy and enhance their marital bonds. PMID- 7120208 TI - Sonography in acute pelvic inflammatory disease. AB - This study of 50 patients was designed to correlate laparoscopy findings with ultrasonography in women presenting with clinical evidence suggestive of acute pelvic inflammatory disease. The severity of the disease varied proportionately with the abnormalities discovered on ultrasound. The tuboovarian abscesses varied greatly in their sonographic appearance, as did the uterus, tubes and cul-de-sac. Ultrasonography, coupled with clinical findings, is a reliable aid in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with acute pelvic inflammatory disease. PMID- 7120210 TI - Asherman's syndrome. A comparison of therapeutic methods. AB - The authors compared two methods of managing Asherman's syndrome. One group (nine patients) was treated with dilatation and curettage (D & C), followed by conjugated estrogens and progestin therapy. A second group (26 patients) was treated with hysteroscopic evaluation of therapy, followed by placement of an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) and antibiotics in addition to a D & C and hormonal therapy. Although the series was small, the pregnancy rate was higher in the second group. This is felt to be related to the hysteroscopic localization of synechiae as well as the postoperative insertion of an IUD. PMID- 7120211 TI - The association between endometriosis and spontaneous abortion. A retrospective clinical study. AB - Two hundred sixty-three patients with a diagnosis of endometriosis or adenomyosis were studied in a retrospective fashion. The association between endometriosis resulted in a spontaneous abortion rate of 44.3%, Patients with adenomyosis spontaneously aborted 35.1% of their pregnancies. These figures are significantly increased in comparison to those pertaining to the general population. Uterine pathology occurring with endometriosis is discussed in relation to secondary infertility. Hypotheses that may explain the relationship between endometriosis and spontaneous abortion are discussed briefly. PMID- 7120212 TI - Government funding for surgical reversal of voluntary female sterilization. Ethical points of reference. PMID- 7120213 TI - Deaths associated with laparoscopic sterilization in the United States, 1977-79. AB - In 1979, the Centers for Disease Control began epidemiologic surveillance of deaths associated with tubal sterilization as part of an effort to assess the mortality risks associated with different methods of fertility control. The surveillance system identified nine deaths following laparoscopic sterilization in the United States from 1977 through 1979. The causes of these deaths and how some of them might have been averted are discussed. PMID- 7120214 TI - A comparison of magnesium sulfate and terbutaline for the arrest of premature labor. A preliminary report. AB - Intravenous magnesium sulfate and terbutaline were compared as treatments for premature labor. A successful treatment was the arrest of labor for 24 hours. Early treatment was essential for successful management of premature labor. In this study, magnesium sulfate and terbutaline were equally effective in controlling premature labor. Whereas terbutaline was associated with significant alterations in diastolic blood pressure, maternal pulse, fetal heart rate and potassium concentration, magnesium sulfate was not. Magnesium sulfate holds promise as a tocolytic agent, and further clinical study of it is warranted. PMID- 7120215 TI - Microprocessor-controlled doppler. A new fetal heart rate monitoring technique. AB - A new Doppler fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring system using microprocessor controlled ranged directional Doppler (RDD) was developed. The instrumentation was evaluated for accuracy and reproducibility of results by computer measurement and statistical analysis of the difference between FHR simultaneously obtained from Doppler and from fetal scalp electrocardiography (ECG) in 20 high-risk patients during labor. During 90% to 93.5% of the monitoring time, Doppler derived FHR approximated ECG-FHR to within 5 beats per minute (BPM). The FHR records from this monitoring system can provide accurate and reliable external FHR information that may approximate the internal ECG-FHR record to such a degree that the practitioner is offered a reliable, noninvasive alternative to internal fetal monitoring. PMID- 7120216 TI - Presacral neurilemmoma. A case report and literature review. PMID- 7120217 TI - Paroxysmal tachycardia and cardioversion during pregnancy. AB - Synchronized direct current (DC) cardioversion was used successfully for treatment of a pharmacologically refractory supraventricular tachycardia during pregnancy. No maternal or fetal complications or ill effects occurred. Although few cases have been reported, a review of the literature supports the use of synchronized DC countershock therapy for the treatment of certain arrhythmias during pregnancy. Thorough knowledge of electrocardioversion techniques and of concurrent fetal monitoring is recommended. PMID- 7120218 TI - Pregnancy in the cystic fibrosis patients. An update. PMID- 7120219 TI - Antepartum hematocrit, maternal smoking and birth weight. AB - Infants born to women with hematocrit values below 31% showed an increased frequency of low birth weight. However, when the women were stratified by smoking history, differences in birth weight became apparent at the higher hematocrit levels. The data suggested an increased risk of low birth weight among women who smoke and have hematocrit values in the 41--47 range. Since smoking alters plasma volume, care should be taken when evaluating hematocrit levels measured late in pregnancy. PMID- 7120220 TI - Routine antepartum biophysical screening. PMID- 7120221 TI - Ultrasonic measurement of femur length as a predictor of fetal gestational age. AB - Ultrasonic determination of fetal femur length is useful as a parameter in the determination of fetal gestational age. One hundred thirty measurements were made in pregnancies at 14 to 36 weeks' gestation. The measurements were plotted against gestational age, and we found that a strong correlation exists between fetal femur length and fetal gestational age, with 95% confidence limits of plus or minus seven days. This ultrasound parameter of fetal age assessment should be added to the other methods available for accurate dating of pregnancy. PMID- 7120222 TI - The major determinants of perinatal mortality in a large metropolitan hospital. Results of a retrospective study. AB - We reviewed the records of all perinatal deaths that occurred at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, from 1975 to 1978. The perinatal mortality rate was 20 per 1,000 births. Most potentially preventable perinatal deaths occurred in association with low birth weight. We noted that fetal deaths that occurred prior to the onset of labor were usually associated with small-for-gestational-age (SGA) or growth-retarded fetuses, whereas deaths occurring during labor were usually the result of trauma to the very small third-trimester fetus, one weighing less than 1,500 gm. Neonatal deaths most commonly resulted from prematurity-related complications (mainly the idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome) in appropriately grown, very-low-birth-weight fetuses, those weighing less then 1,500 gm at birth. PMID- 7120223 TI - Diffuse peritoneal sepsis associated with colpotomy drainage of pelvic abscess. AB - The incidence of and mortality from diffuse peritoneal sepsis associated with the vaginal drainage of pelvic abscesses were retrospectively studied at two hospitals. During the 16-year period from 1961 through 1977 at the University of Mississippi Medical Center, 50 patients underwent colpotomy drainage of pelvic abscesses, diffuse peritoneal sepsis occurred in 5 cases (10%), and 2 of these 5 patients died (40%). During the five-year period from 1972 through 1976 at Baragwanath Hospital, 298 patients underwent colpotomy drainage of pelvic abscess, diffuse peritoneal spesis occurred in 18 cases (6%), and 4 of these 18 patients died (22%). By combining the two series, a total of 348 cases of colpotomy drainage yielded 23 instances of diffuse peritoneal sepsis (6.5%0, with six deaths attributable to this condition (26%). The overall mortality for the 348 cases was 2% (seven deaths), and diffuse peritoneal sepsis was the cause of six of the seven fatalities. It is concluded that colpotomy drainage of pelvic abscesses is a safe and most effective procedure provided that the cases are well selected and the postoperative course is closely followed. Neglect of these basic principles may result in the development of diffuse peritoneal sepsis in a small but important group of patients. PMID- 7120224 TI - Pregnancies going to term in patients with porcine xenografts. AB - Three term pregnancies occurred in two women who had had porcine xenografts implanted at various times prior to pregnancy. These grafts were associated with uncomplicated pregnancies since chronic anticoagulation therapy was not necessary. PMID- 7120225 TI - Postpartum pulmonary edema after ritodrine and betamethasone use. PMID- 7120226 TI - Superfecundation. PMID- 7120227 TI - Peroxidase-positive blood cells in snails. AB - The present study deals with phagocytic blood cells of 3 species of freshwater snails and one terrestrial snail species. Histochemical tests on peroxidase indicate that the blood cells of the freshwater snails have high peroxidase contents, whereas those of the terrestrial snail do not contain this enzyme. Peroxidases were not only present in the lysosomal system but also in the RER and Golgi apparatus. It appears that the phagocytic blood cells of freshwater snails are able to synthesize peroxidase. PMID- 7120228 TI - Transport of colloidal carbon from the lymphoid follicles to other tissue compartments in the chicken bursa of Fabricius. AB - Transport of colloidal carbon out of the medulla of the lymphoid follicles in the chicken bursa of Fabricius was studied on light and electron microscopy. A group of chickens received a single dose of the tracer per anum, and they were sacrificed within 15 min to 72 h after the application. In 1 h, the tracer was observed in many cells and tissue compartments of the bursa. Another group of chickens was heavily loaded with the tracer per anum, and the changes in the amount and distribution of carbon in different parts of the bursa were followed during an observation period of 70 d. In the follicular medulla, macrophages gradually endocytosed carbon from the intercellular spaces, and some of these cells apparently migrated out of the medulla. Part of the carbon-containing stromal macrophages invaded the interfollicular surface epithelium and obviously reached the bursal lumen via this route. The third group of chickens received one dose of the tracer intravenously, and they were sacrificed 24 h and 1 wk afterwards. Only a negligible amount of carbon was shown to be trapped into the bursal tissue following such an intravenous administration. It is concluded that colloidal carbon is transported out of the follicular medulla to other parts of the bursal tissue and even back to the lumen, the bursal macrophages, or at least part of them, functioning as carriers in this transportation. PMID- 7120229 TI - Macrophages and resistance of tumors 6. The effects of supernatants from cultures of normal and tumor cells on phagocytosis. AB - Mouse resident peritoneal macrophages were cultured with supernatants from cultures of tumor cells and normal cells, then tested for their capacity to phagocytose opsonized sheep erythrocytes (SRBC). Most tumor cells produced inhibitory material but some did not (HeLa, EL-4). Conversely, nonmalignant cells generally did not produce active material though some (Chang B cells) did. Inhibition was not noticeable until after 13 hr contact with tumor supernatant and then became progressively more pronounced at 24 and 48 hr. Phagocytic capacity recovered only partially on reincubation with fresh medium. Inhibition was caused by material of approximate M.W. less than 1,000 (by membrane filtration), which also inhibited macrophage migration in vitro but had no effect on delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions or tumor growth in vivo. There was no species specificity and normal macrophages from various sources were susceptible, although activated or stimulated macrophages were wholly or partly resistant. Tumor carriage was associated with an initial decrease in phagocytic capacity of resident peritoneal macrophages, followed by an increase then a second decrease, although the cells remained susceptible to the inhibitory effect of tumor supernatant in vitro. Depression of phagocytosis was more marked in the presence of normal mouse serum and less marked in the presence of human serum than in the presence of fetal calf serum. Phagocytosis of zymosan and pinocytosis of colloidal gold by mouse macrophages were also depressed by tumor cell products. PMID- 7120230 TI - Interaction of a mouse macrophage cell line with homologous erythrocytes. AB - The interaction of the IC-21 murine macrophage cell line and homologous red blood cells (RBC) was assessed in the absence of exogenous opsonins. These results were used to evaluate this system as a potential model for macrophage-mediated clearance of old or damaged RBC. The binding and ingestion of density-separated and unseparated RBC by IC-21 cells were quantitated in assays that involved both 51Cr-labeled RBC and direct microscopy. The number of unseparated RBC that bound to IC-21 macrophages depended on the number of RBC added. Macrophages phagocytized an appreciable proportion of RBC within 3 hours with the ratio of RBC:macrophage of 10, a point at which the RBC-binding was not rate limiting. The mouse RBC were separated into dense- and less-dense fractions which are presumably enriched for old and young cells, respectively. When these RBC fractions were incubated with the IC-21 macrophage, significantly more of these dense cells were phagocytized. These results show that IC-21 macrophage cell line is a useful model for defining the processes whereby aged or damaged RBC are recognized and removed from circulation by macrophages. PMID- 7120231 TI - Hypothesis: the role of interleukins in lymphopoiesis - important in autoimmune disease? AB - The development of multiorgan autoimmune disease is considered in a framework of human lymphocyte ontogeny and immune regulation. A hypothesis is presented that accommodates many typical features of the clinical course and laboratory abnormalities of autoimmune disease by assuming the presence of underlying defects in lymphocyte differentiation. Altered production of and response to poietin-like mediators such as interleukins may be responsible for many of these abnormalities and represent prime candidates for further research into the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases. PMID- 7120232 TI - Reticuloendothelial system Fc receptor function in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Reticuloendothelial system Fc receptor function was measured in 10 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) taking corticosteroids, 10 SLE patients not receiving corticosteroids and in 19 controls, 9 of whom were corticosteroid dependent asthmatics and 10 of whom were healthy. Clearance studies were performed using autologous 51 Cr-labeled erythrocytes that had been sensitized with human IgG anti-Rh(D) [6,700 molecules/cell]. The clearance curves could be split into a fast (t1/2 fast) and a slow (t1/2 slow for any of the groups of patients. The results were correlated with serum C3, C4, DNA-binding, fluid phase 125I-Clq binding, a disease activity index, corticosteroid dose and duration of therapy with corticosteroids. The only significant correlation was an inverse correlation of C4 with the t1/2 slow in SLE patients not on corticosteroids (r=- 0.71, p less than 0.05). The t1/2 slow of the 3 SLE patients with active nephritis (86 +/- 40 min) was significantly different from the 17 SLE patients with inactive nephritis or normal renal function (37 +/- 5 min) (P less than 0.05). We conclude that there is no overall defect of Fc receptor function in our patients with SLE although there is decreased clearance in patients with active lupus nephritis. PMID- 7120233 TI - Changing patterns in the clinical features and prognosis of systemic lupus erythematosus - a Japanese experience. AB - The changing patterns of clinical features and prognosis of 307 Japanese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were studied. SLE patients with Raynaud's phenomenon, alopecia and oral ulceration increased significantly in Group B (1970 1979) compared to Group A (1955-1969). It was noted that SLE patients with LE cells were significantly fewer in Group B and in Group A. The prognosis of Group B was significantly improved over that of Group A. There was a significant decline in deaths caused by uremia and central nervous system lupus in Group B. PMID- 7120234 TI - Polymyositis and dermatomyositis in children: an epidemiologic and clinical comparative analysis. AB - In an attempt to delineate and compare the clinical, laboratory and epidemiologic features of polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM) in children, the records of all 19 hospitals in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, were surveyed over the 25-year period, 1948-1972. Seventeen documented cases of PM and 26 of DM were identified over the total period. PM was not diagnosed prior to 1962, while DM was found throughout the study. A significant female excess was observed in the PM group and in the combined patients 10-19 years of age. The only major differences found between PM and DM were the more acute and severe muscle involvement in DM and its cutaneous manifestations. Juvenile PM is a definite entity which should be differentiated from other myopathies because of its favourable response to corticosteroid therapy. PMID- 7120235 TI - Immune complexes in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: a comparison of four methods. AB - Fifty-three children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) were tested for immune complexes (IC) by 4 different methods, Clq solid-phase assay (ClqSPA), 2% polyethylene glycol precipitation assay (PEGPA), Raji cell assay (RCA), and the conglutinin assay (KA). Seventy-nine % of JRA patients demonstrated elevated IC levels by at least 1 method. Fifty-eight % of the JRA patients have elevated levels of IC by ClqSPA, 50% by the RCA, 37% by the KA, but 0% by the PEGPA. Seventy-four % of patients with polyarticular-onset, 88% of pauciarticular-onset, and 80% of systemic-onset JRA showed elevated levels of IC by at least 1 method. In the polyarticular-onset group, both in the rheumatoid factor (RF) positive (100%) and RF negative (64%) patients, and in the systemic-onset group (60%) the most elevated levels were demonstrated by the ClqSPA. The most elevated levels were found in the pauciarticular-onset type (69%) by the RCA. The presence of elevated levels of IC by the KA correlated with the presence of RF (p less than 0.01), hidden RF (p less than 0.05), and antinuclear antibodies (p less than 0.005). Elevated levels of IC detected by the ClqSPA correlated with the presence of RF (p less than 0.01), hidden RF (p less than 0.05), and active disease (p less than 0.01). PMID- 7120236 TI - Synovial mononuclear cell responses to rubella antigen in rheumatoid arthritis and unexplained persistent knee arthritis. AB - 3H-thymidine uptake responses by synovial mononuclear cells to rubella antigen were studied in 10 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in 8 patients with unexplained arthritis confined to knee joints. The synovial cells of only 1 rheumatoid subject responded to rubella. In only 1 of the patients with knee joint arthritis was the response to rubella greater than to other tested antigens. Peripheral blood leukocytes did not respond to rubella in either patient. Rubella virus was isolated from the knee joints of both patients. PMID- 7120237 TI - Group G streptococcal arthritis. AB - Four cases of infectious arthritis due to beta hemolytic streptococci, Lancefield Group G are described. Three patients presented with acute polyarthritis involving unusual sites while the 4th patient had acute monoarthritis. All 4 cases had underlying diseases which predisposed them to infection: alcoholism (2 cases), malignant disease (1 case) and diabetes mellitus (1 case). Three patients had coexistent Group G streptococcal infection: endocarditis in 2 and skin infection in 1. With adequate parenteral antibiotic therapy and frequent joint aspiration, the prognosis for return of normal joint function following infection with Group G streptococcus appears to be excellent. These cases demonstrate the need for routine serogrouping of streptococcal isolates in patients with septic arthritis. The importance of recognizing this uncommon type of infectious arthritis is emphasized in view of its prognostic and therapeutic implications. PMID- 7120238 TI - Ultrasound evaluation of popliteal cysts on osteoarthritis of the knee. AB - Ultrasound (US) examination of the popliteal space is a noninvasive, reliable technique for the assessment of popliteal cysts. In order to determine the prevalence and significance of popliteal cysts in primary osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee, we conducted a prospective clinical, radiographic and US study on 50 patients and 25 controls. Popliteal cysts were demonstrated by US in 29 of 100 (29%) knees of 21 of 500 (42%) patients, 8 of whom (38%) had bilateral cysts. The majority of cysts were small and symptomless. Cyst rupture and the "pseudothrombophlebitis syndrome" occurred in only 2 of 29 (7%) knees. The occurrence of cysts correlated with the presence of knee effusion and the radiologic grade of OA. The results indicate of high incidence of clinically unsuspected popliteal cysts in patients with symptomatic knee OA. OA may be a more common cause of popliteal cysts than generally recognized. PMID- 7120239 TI - Cranial arteritis as the initial manifestation of malignant histiocytosis. PMID- 7120240 TI - Progressive systemic sclerosis and postpartum renal failure complicated by peripheral gangrene. AB - A patient with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) complicated by accelerated hypertension, postpartum renal failure and gangrene in all 4 extremities is presented. Pregnancy seldom has a significant effect upon the course of PSS unless there is renal involvement. Four previously reported cases of PSS with postpartum renal failure are reviewed. In our case, sepsis, shock, retained placenta, propranolol therapy and disseminated intravascular coagulation may have contributed to the development of renal failure and symmetrical peripheral gangrene. PMID- 7120241 TI - Myalgia as the primary manifestation of spontaneously resolving hyperthyroidism. PMID- 7120242 TI - Hydroxychloroquine in psoriatic arthropathy: exacerbations of psoriatic skin lesions. AB - Antimalarial therapy in psoriatic arthritis was felt to be contraindicated traditionally due to frequent exacerbation of psoriatic skin disease. Interest in hydroxychloroquine treatment of psoriatic arthritis has been revived because of recent series found no exacerbation of psoriatic skin lesions in 50 psoriatic arthropathy patients treated with hydroxychloroquine. A psoriatic arthropathy patient whose skin lesions were markedly exacerbated by hydroxychloroquine is reported. The literature on antimalarial effects on psoriatic skin lesions is briefly discussed. PMID- 7120243 TI - Neuropathic arthropathy secondary to severe degenerative spinal disease. PMID- 7120245 TI - Eosinophilic fasciitis complicated by Hodgkin's disease. AB - Several cases of eosinophilic fasciitis (EF) later complicated by serious hematological disorders such as immune thrombocytopenia and aplastic anemia have been reported. Further study of these cases has led some investigators to postulate that EF may be the result of an "aberrant lymphoplasmacytic proliferation". A case of EF complicated by the later occurrence of Hodgkin's disease is reported here. This case adds further evidence to support the above hypothesis. PMID- 7120244 TI - Septic arthritis due to Nocardia asteroides in association with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. PMID- 7120247 TI - Another case of salicylate intoxication with enteric coated aspirin: association with gastric outlet obstruction. PMID- 7120246 TI - Late precipitation of monosodium urate crystals. PMID- 7120248 TI - Stress fractures associated with adjacent osteoarthritis. PMID- 7120249 TI - The relationship of peripheral ankylosing hyperostosis to spinal hyperostosis in RA. PMID- 7120250 TI - Management of scoliosis. PMID- 7120251 TI - Frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis) PMID- 7120252 TI - Biological materials used in reconstruction of the ear: their preservation and banking. PMID- 7120253 TI - Airways responses to oral ethanol in normal subjects and in patients with asthma. AB - The effect of oral ethanol on airflow was studied in 5 normal subjects and 5 patients with asthma. On 4 different study days, each subject was asked to drink 40 ml of either water or 20%, 40% or 60% ethanol, and measurements were made of specific airways conductance (sGaw), blood ethanol levels, pulse rate and blood pressure. In some subjects in both groups there was a significant immediate fall in sGaw after drinking ethanol (below 5% confidence limits). Once absorbed, ethanol had a slight bronchodilator effect in 2 normal subjects and in 3 patients with asthma (5% level). Sixty per cent ethanol, when drunk slowly, showed significant bronchodilatation in 4 out of 5 patients with asthma and in one normal subject (5% level) with no acute fall in sGaw. Pulse rate and blood pressure did not change after water, 20% and 40% ethanol in either group, but immediately after 60% ethanol normal subjects showed a significant rise in pulse rate (P less than 0.01) which was not seen in patients with asthma. The immediate changes in sGaw and pulse rate may be due to stimulation of irritant receptors in the upper airways. Ethanol may act directly on bronchial smooth muscle to produce bronchodilatation and may be useful as a bronchodilator when given intravenously. PMID- 7120254 TI - Some patients don't need analgesics after surgery. AB - Postoperative analgesic requirements of 410 patients undergoing elective orthopaedic limb surgery were studied. Premedication and anaesthetic were standardized with no narcotic. Twenty-three patients required no analgesic at all during their hospital stay. The importance of acknowledging the existence of this group of patients is discussed. The distribution of time to first analgesic requirement for the other patients was obtained. The importance of knowing the distribution for particular operative procedures and the effect of analgesic interventions such as premedication is discussed. PMID- 7120255 TI - Faecal urobilinogen levels and pH of stools in population groups with different incidence of cancer of the colon, and their possible role in its aetiology. AB - Mean faecal urobilinogen levels and the pH of stools were both found to be higher in subjects from a population group at high risk of developing cancer of the colon than in subjects matched for age, sex and socioeconomic status from a low risk population group. An alkaline reaction of the colon contents seems to have a tumorigenic effect by a direct action on the mucus of the mucous cells. An acidic reaction, on the other hand, appears to be protective. These differences are dependent on the patterns of diet and manner of eating. Proper mastication of food, roughage, cellulose and vegetable fibre, and short-chain fatty acids of milk and fermented milk products in the diet appear to be protective. PMID- 7120256 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma of the heel developing at site of previous frostbite. AB - Ten cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the heel previously affected by frostbite are reported. They had a similar natural history, location and histological appearance. All were treated by excision, and follow up over periods of 2-5 years has not revealed metastases. PMID- 7120257 TI - Variability of oestrogen and progesterone receptor status between primary breast cancer and nodal metastases: preliminary communication. AB - The synchronous relationship between oestrogen (ER) and progesterone (PgR) receptor status in primary tumours and their nodal metastases has been analysed in 26 patients. All patients with ER-negative primary tumours were found to have ER-negative axillary nodes but of those with ER-positive tumours only 65% had, correspondingly, all nodes ER-positive. The concentration of ER in the nodes was found to be significantly lower (P less than 0.001) than that in the primary tumour. PgR information was unobtainable in 3 patients. Of the remainder, 75% of those having PgR-negative tumours had all nodes PgR-negative but only 36% of those with PgR-positive tumours had all nodes PgR-positive. PgR levels were found to be generally lower in the axillary nodes but this did not reach statistical significance. The clinical relevance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 7120258 TI - Towards the prevention of neural tube defects: discussion paper. PMID- 7120259 TI - Radiology of soft tissue sarcoma: discussion paper. PMID- 7120260 TI - Needle biopsy of the liver: a review. PMID- 7120261 TI - Early detection of asymptomatic ovarian cancer. PMID- 7120263 TI - Post lumbar puncture headache. PMID- 7120262 TI - Foreign body perforation of a jejunal diverticulum. PMID- 7120264 TI - Effect of lunar cycle on human behaviour. PMID- 7120265 TI - Organophosphate poisoning and complete heart block. PMID- 7120266 TI - The use of detergents and sanitizers in dairy farm sanitation--an updated perspective. AB - Raw milk quality in South Africa is poor and standard plate counts in the millions per ml are common. This is largely due to inefficient cleaning and sanitizing of dairy equipment. The basic constituents in milk are described and various soils are classified as soluble in water, alkali, acid, solvent or surfactant or as insoluble. The importance of water quality is highlighted and the influence of mineral salts on soil deposition described. Dairy detergents are broadly classified as alkaline or acid, the former being most effective against fatty and proteinaceous soils and the latter effective against mineral salts. Typical detergent ingredients and their properties are described. Chlorine is incorporated into alkaline detergents not as a sanitizing agent, but as a peptizing agent to aid in protein soil removal. At high pH values the antimicrobial activity of chlorine is greatly diminished. The use of a daily acidified rinse (pH 3,0-5,0) is preferred to the periodic acid wash, since the acid rinse prevents mineral deposition rather than removing accumulated milkstone. All cleaning programmes follow the same fundamental steps--Pre-rinse (40-50 degrees C), wash (60-70 degrees C), rinse (pH 3,0-5,0) and sanitize (25 ppm iodine and 100 ppm chlorine). Farms following such a programme are able to achieve Standard Plate Counts of less than 10,000/ml and coliform counts of less than 10/ml for raw milk. PMID- 7120267 TI - Treatment of the larval stage of Taenia multiceps with praziquantel. AB - Five sheep were infested orally with 5,500 eggs of Taenia multiceps and were treated with praziquantel (Droncit, Bayer) when they showed typical nervous signs of coenuriasis. Two sheep were treated with praziquantel at 100 mg/kg live mass per day for 5 days, 2 sheep at the same dosage for 2 days and one animal at 50 mg/kg per day for 5 days. No viable coenuri were recovered from any of these animals. This is the only anthelmintic that is known to be effective against this parasite, but its cost is such (R200 at the lowest dose rate) that it can be economically used only for the treatment of valuable stud animals. PMID- 7120268 TI - The life cycle of the lungworm, Pneumostrongylus calcaratus. PMID- 7120269 TI - Acute renal failure in a dog following exertional rhabdomyolysis. PMID- 7120270 TI - The surgical repair of atresia ani in a Dobermann bitch. AB - The surgical repair of atresia ani accompanied by a large rectovaginal fistula was successfully performed in a 4-month old Dobermann bitch. As a young pup, the dog had been able to pass liquid stool through the vagina via a rectovaginal fistula, but the gradual change to a adult diet had resulted in considerable obstipation and tenesmus. The operation was performed experimentally, since the dog would have had to have been euthanased at this stage, and its success has allowed the dog to continue a satisfactory existence. PMID- 7120272 TI - When is a murmur not a murmur? PMID- 7120271 TI - Malignant oedema caused by Clostridium perfringens type A in a horse. PMID- 7120273 TI - President's address. South African Veterinary Association. PMID- 7120274 TI - The effect of a single injection of nitroxynil at 20 mg/kg live mass in the treatment of parafilaria bovicola infestations in cattle. AB - The efficacy of nitroxynil administered once by subcutaneous injection at a dosage regimen of 20 mg/kg live mass was evaluated against natural infestations of parafilaria bovicola in cattle. Trial animals were slaughtered 14 weeks after treatment. Treatment reduced the number of bleeding points by 97,8%, eosinophil positive carcass lesions by 85,7% and eosinophil-positive lesion area by 92,8%, compared with controls. PMID- 7120275 TI - The pathology of infectious polyarthritis in slaughter pigs. AB - A study was conducted into the macroscopic and microscopic pathology of arthritic joints obtained from 37 freshly slaughtered pigs condemned for infectious polyarthritis. All the affected joints showed varying degrees of subacute to chronic serofibrinous to fibrino-purulent arthritis with or without pathology of the articular cartilage. PMID- 7120276 TI - Synthesis, decomposition kinetics, and preliminary toxicological studies of pure N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine, a proposed toxic metabolite of acetaminophen. PMID- 7120277 TI - Inhibition of rat hepatic microsomal aminopyrine N-demethylase activity by benzimidazole derivatives. Quantitative structure-activity relationships. AB - Eight-two benzimidazole derivatives have been prepared and tested for the ability to inhibit cytochrome P-450 mediated enzyme activity (aminopyrine N-demethylase) from phenobarbitone-induced rat hepatic microsomes. Using physicochemical parameters and multiple regression analysis, we derived a quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) that describes up to 87% of the data variance in terms of hydrophobic and electronic effects and the molar refractivity of the substituent in the 2-position of the benzimidazole ring. PMID- 7120278 TI - Quantitative structure-activity relationship by distance geometry: quinazolines as dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors. AB - This is a reinvestigation of 68 quinazoline inhibitors of dehydrofolate reductase. As in the earlier study, the binding data fitted to an 11-point model of the site, but improved computer algorithms resulted in a much better overall fit (correlation coefficient 0.95, standard deviation 0.727 kcal) and a more accurate fit for some very loosely bound 2,4-diaminoquinazolines. Removal of two of the site points (numbers 5 and 9) gave an even better fit than the original 11 site points. However, deleting a third one (number 8) worsened the calculated binding energies of the loosely bound 2,4-diaminoquinazolines. The results lead to predictions of chemical modifications of the quinazolines that should improve their biological activity. PMID- 7120279 TI - Structure-antitumor activity relationships of 9-anilinoacridines using pattern recognition. AB - A pattern-recognition analysis using the ADAPT system was performed on a set of 9 anilinoacridine antitumor agents, to determine whether computer-generated descriptors could be used to separate active from inactive compounds. A training set of 213 compounds was chosen by random computer selection from a list of 776 structures. Maximal increase in life span at the LD10 dosage, a response which is difficult to model using traditional Hansch analysis, was used as the measure of biological activity. A set of 18 molecular descriptors, including fragment, substructure environment, and physicochemical property descriptors (molar refraction, partial electronic charge) was identified which could correctly classify 94% of the compounds in the training set (97% of active and 85% of inactive compounds). Eight of the inactive compounds that were misclassified contained amino substituents, suggesting a role for ionization. The weight vector that was obtained from the training set was applied to a prediction set of 50 compounds that were not included in the original analysis and to a set of 69 structures drawn from the recent literature. The prediction set results, ranging from 73 to 86% correct, were lower than those of the training set, but they clearly indicate that pattern-recognition techniques can be useful in the screening of proposed or already existing agents and especially useful for the identification of active compounds. PMID- 7120281 TI - Conformational analysis of the ergot alkaloids ergotamine and ergotaminine. AB - Conformational analyses by 1H NMR and potential-energy calculations are reported for the ergot alkaloids ergotamine and ergotaminine, both as free bases and as the protonated species. In the neutral forms in CDCl3. two strong intramolecular hydrogen bonds fix the molecules in folded conformations, but the protonated species adopt a more extended conformation, with a single intramolecular hydrogen bond. Of the 24 alternative conformations available to ergotamine, the most likely biologically active species in environments with low dielectric constants, e.g., the presumed ergotamine binding site, is the folded, hydrogen-bonded conformation observed for the neutral molecule in CDCl3 solution. PMID- 7120282 TI - Allergenic alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactones. Stereospecific syntheses of (+)- and (-)-gamma-methyl-alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactones. A study of the specificity of (+) and (-) enantiomers in inducing allergic contact dermatitis. AB - The enantiomers of gamma-methyl-alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactone have been prepared stereospecifically from (R)- and (S)-glutamic acid. Three groups of guinea pigs have been sensitized (Feund complete adjuvant technique) to the (+) isomer, the (-) isomer, and the (+/-) mixture. The animals have been tested with each of the enantiomers and with a mixture of the compounds. Only the (-) enantiomer showed some specificity: guinea pigs sensitized to this enantiomer react weakly to the other compound; in turn, animals sensitized to the (+) enantiomer react similarly to both antipodes. Interestingly, reaction to the (+/ ) mixture in each group of guinea pigs was the sum of skin responses to the individual enantiomer. These results should be contrasted with sensitization to (+)- and (-)-frullanolides, sesquiterpene lactones for which strong stereospecificity was observed. PMID- 7120283 TI - Imidodisulfamides. 1. A novel class of antagonists of slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis. AB - A series of N',N"-bis(aryl)- and N',N"-(aralkyl)imidodisulfamides was prepared and evaluated as antagonists of slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) induced contractions of isolated guinea pig ileum. Some of these compounds, notably N',N"-bis(4-phenylbutyl)-, N',N"-bis[2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]-, and N',N" bis[2-(4-bromophenyl)ethyl]imidodisulfamides (16, 22, and 26), were moderately potent and selective antagonists of SRS-A. The influence of lipophilic (pi) and electronic (sigma) factors on SRS-A antagonist activity appears to be of considerable importance to the derivation of potent and selective SRS-A antagonists. PMID- 7120280 TI - Structure-activity relationships in potentially hallucinogenic N,N dialkyltryptamines substituted in the benzene moiety. AB - A series of N,N-dialkyltryptamines with methylthio or methylenedioxy substituents in the 4, 5, and 6 positions and methyl or isopropyl on the side-chain nitrogen has been synthesized. The behavioral pharmacology of these compounds showed them to possess Bovet-Gatti profiles characteristic of hallucinogens, and the 5 methylthio congener was the most potent. Binding studies at [3H]LSD and [3H]5-HT sites demonstrated that no single structural feature correlated with binding or behavioral changes and suggest a complex mode of action for these potential hallucinogenic agents. PMID- 7120285 TI - Affinity therapeutics. 1. Selective incorporation of 2-thiouracil derivatives in murine melanomas. Cytostatic activity of 2-thiouracil arotinoids, 2-thiouracil retinoids, arotinoids, and retinoids. AB - The incorporation of 2-[35S]thiouracil and two of its derivatives into murine melanomas, in vivo, was studied. It was confirmed [J. R. Whittaker, J. Biol. Chem., 246, 6217--6226 (1971)] that 2-thiouracil has a marked affinity for melanin-producing tissue and that an affinity for such tissue could be sustained by 5-substituted 2-thiouracils. A series of derivatives of arotinoids and retinoids, with or without a 2-thiouracil group as a potential carrier to obtain affinity for melanomas, was examined for cytostatic activity, in vitro. None of these showed significant activity against murine melanomas. PMID- 7120284 TI - Synthesis and antitumor activity of new platinum complexes. AB - A new type of antitumor platinum complex has been prepared and examined for antitumor activity against L1210 leukemia both in vitro and in vivo. The coordination environment of platinum in these complexes consists of three anionic chloride ions and a positively charged amine. The positive charge is introduced by monoprotonation or monoalkylation of a diamine. Platinum(IV) derivatives have been prepared for several of the complexes, and a water-soluble sulfate derivative has been prepared for one of them. Several of these complexes exhibit significant in vitro activity, and trichloro(3-aminoquinuclidinium)platinum(II) (QTP) exhibits significant in vivo activity as well. An increase in life span of approximately 40% has been observed using QTP. QTP is toxic at doses slightly in excess of effective doses. PMID- 7120286 TI - Antiparasitic agents. 5. Synthesis and anthelmintic activities of novel 2 heteroaromatic-substituted isothiocyanatobenzoxazoles and benzothiazoles. AB - The synthesis and antiparasitic properties of 22 isothiocyanato-2 pyridinylbenzoxazoles and benzothiazoles are described; the preparation and anthelmintic activities of 14 isothiocyanato-2-thienyl-, -furyl-, and pyrrolylbenzoxazoles are outlined. In mice experimentally infected with Nematospiroides dubius (nematode) and Hymenolepis nana (tapeworm), three derivatives, i.e., 5-isothiocyanato-2-(2-furyl)benzoxazole (34), 5-isothiocyanato 2-(5-methyl-2-furyl)benzoxazole (35), and 5-isothiocyanato-2-(1-methyl-1H-2 pyrroly)benzoxazole (37), show 100% nematocidal activity and two, i.e., 5- and 6 isothiocyanato-2-(3-pyridinyl)benzoxazole (5) and 5- and 6-isothiocyanato-2-(3 pyridinyl)benzthiazole (21), show 10% taeniacidal activity at 0.2% in the diet. Two derivatives (5 and 21) show good nematocidal activity in sheep. Maximum activity requires 3-pyridinyl derivatives for both the benzoxazole and benzothiazole series. PMID- 7120287 TI - Novel opiates and antagonists. 5. 7-Carbethoxy-N-(cycloalkylmethyl)-3 hydroxymorphinan-6-ones and -isomorphinan-6-ones. AB - A direct conversion of deoxydihydrothebaine-phi (1) to 3-methoxymorphinan-6-one (3Ca) and its trans isomer 3Ta was achieved in excellent yield by the catalytic reduction of 1 in AcOH containing CF3COOH. Treatment of 3Ca or 3Ta with NaH and diethyl carbonate formed the corresponding 7-carbethoxy derivatives 4a which, on O-demethylation, furnished the 3-hydroxy compounds 4b. The analgesic N-methyl compounds 3 were converted to the 17-(cyclopropylmethyl) or 17-(cyclobutylmethyl) derivatives 6--8. Two of these compounds, one in the cis (7Ca) and the other in the trans (7Ta) series, showed mixed agonist/antagonist activity in the pentazocine range. PMID- 7120288 TI - Aporphines. 39. Synthesis, dopamine receptor binding, and pharmacological activity of (R)-(-)- and (S)-(+)-2-hydroxyapomorphine. AB - The enantiomers (6aR and 6aS) of 2,10,11-trihydroxyaporphine (THA) were synthesized from thebaine and bulbocapnine and evaluated pharmacologically in vitro in comparison with (-)-apomorphine [(-)-APO] and dopamine by competition with tritiated apomorphine, ADTN, and spiroperidol for binding to a membrane fraction of calf caudate nucleus, as well as for ability to stimulate adenylate cyclase. In all four tests, the rank order of potency was (-)-APO greater than ( )-THA much greater than (+)-THA. Thus, these results extend the impression that the 6aR configuration for hydroxyaporphines is preferred for interactions with putative dopamine receptors and that 2-hydroxylation reduces potency in comparison with 10,11-dihydroxyaporphines. PMID- 7120289 TI - Brain levels and metabolism of the dopaminergic agonist 2-amino-6,7 dihydroxytetrahydronaphthalene after administration of various prodrugs. AB - The synthesis of four prodrug diesters (diacetyl, diisobutyryl, dipivaloyl, and dibenzoyl) of the potent dopaminergic agonist 2-amino-6,7 dihydroxytetrahydronaphthalene (6,7-ADTN) is described. The effects of prodrug structure on the levels of 6,7-ADTN in the rat corpus striatum and cerebellum, as well as the levels of the metabolite, 6-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-aminotetralin, in the corpus striatum, have been determined after intraperitoneal administration. In addition, the striatal levels of 6,7-ADTN after administration of the dibenzoyl analogue via intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, and oral routes have been measured. These prodrugs produce a significant improvement in the penetration and accumulation of 6,7-ADTN in the brain. PMID- 7120290 TI - Synthesis and biological activity of 5'-substituted 5-fluoropyrimidine nucleosides. AB - 5'-Deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-dFUrd, 1) possesses a significantly higher chemotherapeutic index than other fluoropyrimidines as a result of its being selectivity cleaved in tumors to 5-fluorouracil (FUra) by uridine phosphorylase. Because 1 is a relatively poor substrate for this enzyme, we synthesized a series of 5'-deoxy-5'-substituted-5-fluorouridine (FUrd) derivatives in an effort to obtain compounds that might have improved substrate interactions compared to 1 and thus possibly be better prodrugs of FUra. Three derivatives, 5'-O-tosyl-FUrd (13), 5'-O-mesyl-FUrd (14), and 5'-deoxy-5'-bromo-FUrd (15), had cytostatic activity against L1210 and CCRF-CEM leukemic cells in culture superior to that of 1. In preliminary in vivo antitumor studies against L1210 leukemic cells in mice, 5'-deoxy-5'-chloro-FUrd (4), 5'-O-mesyl-FUrd (14), an 5'-deoxy-5'-fluoro-FUrd (18) gave percent increases in life span of 64, 58, and 58, respectively, compared to a value of 20 for compound 1. PMID- 7120291 TI - A pilot study to control phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a neotropical rain forest. PMID- 7120292 TI - A case of papular dermatosis in man attributed to an ascid mite (Acari). PMID- 7120293 TI - Aedes vexans and aedes sierrensis (Diptera: Culicidae): potential vectors of Dirofilaria immitis in Tehama County, Northern California, USA. PMID- 7120294 TI - Seasonal observations on the development and ovipositional capability of Boophilus annulatus and B. microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) reared on bovines. PMID- 7120295 TI - Reproductive biology of Aedes (S.) malayensis (Diptera: Culicidae). PMID- 7120296 TI - An improved artificial feeder for bloodsucking insects. PMID- 7120297 TI - Sex differences in size of the blood meal in the bed bug Cimex hemipterus (Hemiptera: Cimicidae). PMID- 7120298 TI - Mass-rearing devices for Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum (Acari: Ixodidae) on calves and rodents exposed to whole-body infestation. PMID- 7120299 TI - The ecology of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in some southern California streams. PMID- 7120300 TI - Seasonal trends in population size and survivorship of Anopheles culicifacies, An. stephensi and An. subpictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in rural Punjab province, Pakistan. PMID- 7120301 TI - A glossary of chigger terminology (Acari: Trombiculidae). PMID- 7120302 TI - Horizontal distribution of adult Aedes triseriatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in relation to habitat structure, oviposition, and other mosquito species. PMID- 7120303 TI - Effects of organic water pollution on the infectivity of the fungus Lagenidium giganteum (Oomycetes: Lagenidiales) for larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: culicidae): field and laboratory evaluation. PMID- 7120304 TI - Cuterebra myiasis in humans: six new case reports from the United States with a summary of known cases (Diptera: Cuterebridae). PMID- 7120305 TI - Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (Trypanosomatidae): factors influencing infection rates of a recent human isolate in the tsetse Glossina morsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae). PMID- 7120307 TI - Growth in lone star ticks, Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae), feeding on cattle: a laboratory study. PMID- 7120308 TI - Hybridization of Anopheles minimus and Anopheles aconitus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand. PMID- 7120309 TI - Seasonal incidence and attachment sites of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) on domestic dogs in southeastern Oklahoma and northwestern Arkansas, USA. PMID- 7120306 TI - Estimation of the amount of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus transmitted by a single infected Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). PMID- 7120310 TI - Field experiments on the control of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus by Toxorhynchites rutilus rutilus (Diptera: Culicidae). PMID- 7120312 TI - A three generation family study of cleft lip with or without cleft palate. AB - A family study of cleft lip, with or without cleft palate, was based on those treated by operation at The Hospital for Sick Children, London, between 1920 and 1939 in order to give information on the proportion affected of children and grandchildren. The probands were those who had survived, were successfully traced, and found to have had at least one child. Care was taken to exclude patients who were traced through a child, whether normal or affected, and not through the usual tracing procedure. Patients with recognised syndromes were also excluded. Because the series was based on patients who had survived and reproduced it was biased in favour of those with milder degrees of the malformation, and against those with any severe associated malformation. The proportion affected of children of probands was 3.15% (+/- 0.56), of sibs 2.79% (+/- 0.52), and of parents 1.18% (+/- 0.37), respectively. The lower proportion of parents affected is attributed to reduced reproductive fitness of patients born two generations ago. The proportion affected of nephews and nieces, aunts and uncles, and grandchildren was 0.47% (+/- 0.18), 0.59% (+/- 0.13), and 0.8% (+/- 0.6) respectively. The proportion affected of first cousins was 0.27% (+/- 0.08). The birth frequency of cleft lip (+/- cleft palate) is estimated to be about 0.1% in England. There were two first cousin and one second cousin marriages among the marriages of the parents. There was no increase of cleft palate among the relatives of the probands. The proportion of sibs affected increased with increasing severity of the malformation in the proband, where the proband was female, and where the proband had an affected parent or already had one affected sib. It was not, however, increased where a more remote relative was affected. The proportion of children affected was not increased when the proband had an affected parent or sib, but few families provided information. The most economical hypothesis to explain the findings is the multifactorial threshold model. The birth frequency of the malformation and the family patterns found make it improbable that one single mutant gene makes a major contribution to the liability to develop the condition. PMID- 7120311 TI - Cordylobia anthropophaga (Diptera: Calliphoridae) myiasis in an infant and dog and a technique for larval rearing. PMID- 7120313 TI - Measurement of erythrocyte membrane elasticity as a diagnostic aid in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - Using a micropipette aspiration technique, erythrocyte membrane shear elastic modulus was determined for 23 patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, for 14 female carriers, and for three control groups (age matched boys and adult males and females). On average the elastic modulus was slightly greater than normal for both affected males and female carriers. However, there was overlap in the values from all groups. The decreased deformability of dystrophic membranes demonstrated by the test is not great enough to be used for carrier detection nor to make the possibility of prenatal diagnosis likely. PMID- 7120314 TI - Linkage analysis of five pedigrees affected with typical autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. AB - Five pedigrees (including an expanded version of a previously reported pedigree) exhibited typical autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa were analysed for linkage of RP to 29 genetic markers. No significant lod scores resulted. The largest lod score is +1.51 and suggests linkage between RP and Rh blood group at an estimated recombination fraction of 20% in males and 40% in females. Further studies are needed to confirm or refute this suggested linkage. PMID- 7120315 TI - Screening for latent acute intermittent porphyria: the value of measuring both leucocyte delta-aminolaevulinic acid synthase and erythrocyte uroporphyrinogen-1 synthase activities. AB - Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is an autosomal dominantly inherited disorder of haem biosynthesis characterised by reduced activity of the enzyme uroporphyrinogen-1-(URO) synthase and compensatory increased activity of the rate controlling enzyme delta-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) synthase. Subjects with the disorder should be identified as they are at risk of developing severe porphyric attacks if exposed to a variety of drugs or chemicals. We have assessed the value of measuring the activities of ALA synthase and URO synthase in peripheral blood cells as a means of identifying latent cases in affected families. In AIP subjects, ALA synthase activity was increased and URO synthase decreased compared to controls, through there was considerable overlap between the two groups when either enzyme was examined alone. When both enzymes were examined together, all but one of the 19 AIP patients had both increased ALA synthase activity (greater than 250 nmol ALA/g protein/h) and reduced URO synthase activity (less than 25.1 nmol URO/l RBC/h), whereas none of the 62 controls showed this enzyme pattern. Examination of 35 asymptomatic first degree blood relatives of AIP patients showed that 17 (49%) had the porphyric enzyme pattern with no sex bias. The combined study of these two enzymes permits accurate detection of latent cases of AIP and confirms its autosomal dominant inheritance. PMID- 7120316 TI - A family study of craniosynostosis, with probable recognition of a distinct syndrome. AB - A family study was based on 184 consecutive patients who had undergone surgery for craniosynostosis at The Hospital for Sick Children, London, between 1953 and 1976. Of these, 127 were traced and visited and are the probands for this study. Crouzon syndrome was recognised in 16, Apert in 11, Saethre-Chotzen in nine, and Pfeiffer in two. In addition, two probands had Saethre-Chotzen-like facies and bilaterally broad big toes owing to partial or complete duplication of the distal phalanx. This syndrome is distinct from Pfeiffer syndrome, in which the facies more closely resembles that in Crouzon syndrome and in which it is the proximal phalanx of the big toe (and often of the thumb) which is abnormal. It is suggested that this newly recognised syndrome be called after Robinow and Sorauf, who appear to be the first to have described a family with the condition. One proband with coronal stenosis had a mother and brother affected, but no syndrome was recognised in them. Excluding this last case, no non-syndromic proband had an affected parent. The 58 probands with predominantly sagittal synostosis had 106 sibs, none of whom was affected. The 21 probands with predominantly coronal synostosis included one sib pair both affected; the remaining 17 sibs were unaffected. The four probands with predominantly metopic stenosis had 13 unaffected sibs and the four with multiple sutures involved had eight unaffected sibs. One sagittal proband had an unaffected monozygotic twin and another an unaffected dizygotic twin. PMID- 7120318 TI - Pfeiffer's type of acrocephalosyndactyly in two families. PMID- 7120317 TI - An unusual form of familial acrocephalosyndactyly. AB - A family is described in which at least six members have an unusual form of acrocephalosyndactyly showing autosomal dominant inheritance. The most characteristic feature in the more severely affected individuals is duplication of the distal phalanx of the hallux. Review of family photographs suggests that the cosmetic outcome in apparently affected infants may be much better than anticipated. PMID- 7120319 TI - The Johanson-Blizzard syndrome. PMID- 7120321 TI - X long arm deletion with oligomenorrhoea. AB - A 35-year-old female patient with oligomenorrhoea had a deletion of the long arm of the X chromosome. The breakpoint at band q23 caused infertility in spite of excessive pituitary stimulation. The aberrant X chromosome was inactivated in all cells analysed. PMID- 7120322 TI - Cd branding studies in a homologous Robertsonian 13;13 translocation. AB - A phenotypically normal female with a history of two miscarriages was found to have the karyotype 45,XX,t(13p:13p). C banding showed the translocation to have two regions of centromeric constitutive heterochromatin, silver staining showed an active NOR in 60% of the cells screened, and Cd banding studies showed a single Cd band with absence of the Cd band at the suppressed centromere. PMID- 7120320 TI - Pericentric inversion of chromosome 1 in an azoospermic man. PMID- 7120323 TI - Pericentric inversion of chromosome 11 in one of two similar retarded brothers. PMID- 7120325 TI - Adjacent 2 translocation involving 13q and 21q. PMID- 7120324 TI - Two successive partial trisomies for opposite halves of chromosome 22 in a mother with a balanced translocation. PMID- 7120326 TI - Ectodermal dysplasia in females. PMID- 7120327 TI - Delineation of trisomy 9. PMID- 7120328 TI - Wishes of patients with retinitis pigmentosa concerning genetic counselling. PMID- 7120330 TI - How physicians view the process of change in their practice behavior. AB - The changes all physicians make in their treatment of patients constitute a neglected but key issue in the operation of the health care system. Identification of a model of this crucial change process was the purpose of this study. Interviews with a random sample of 66 physicians representing five specialties produced data on 182 changes. The fundamental stages in the change process were priming (coming to feel dissatisfaction with some aspect of practice behavior), focusing (learning of alternative practice behavior), and follow-up (obtaining further information or advice regarding the possible change). Any of a variety of information sources may focus a change, but follow-up is overridingly dependent on colleague communication (representing local professional opinion) and journals (representing an authoritative professional perspective). This change process model provides a basis for orienting continuing medical education activities to the achievement of behavioral outcomes. PMID- 7120331 TI - Modification of decision-making behavior of third-year medical students. AB - Modification of physician behavior has been suggested as one approach to controlling health care expenditures. Third-year students participated in an experimental program which attempted both to construct an educational approach that included aspects of such expenditures and to measure the effectiveness of the approach. Students were divided between experimental and control groups, with the former receiving information relative to the appropriate use and costs of diagnostic procedures. Both groups were presented with case studies dealing with specific disease processes discussed in the program. Members of the experimental group scored significantly better in their ability to determine diagnoses, make patient-management decisions, and choose essential diagnostic procedures. Average charges generated by the experimental student group were half the amount generated by the control group. Future studies will be required to determine whether the behavior modification carries forward in practice and to provide a standardized methodology for use by members of the faculty and house staff in educating future medical students. PMID- 7120329 TI - Subjective and objective admissions factors as predictors of clinical clerkship performance. AB - Subjective and objective measures available at the time of medical school admission were related to subjective and objective clinical performance measures during medical school. Strategies were developed for coding narrative faculty comments from admissions interviews and clinical performance evaluations. Factor analysis was used to examine underlying structures for both admission and clinical performance measures. Summed scores were calculated to represent each factor, and multiple regression was used in predicting each of the clinical factors from the admission factors. Multiple regression showed that admission interview comments best predict narrative clerkship performance, while objective scores best predict an objective measure of clinical knowledge. Conclusions were: (a) narrative information can be coded reliably. (b) Objective and subjective measures are distinct, identifiable structures both at admission and during the third year of medical school. (c) Prediction formulas will vary depending on what outcome variables are chosen. PMID- 7120332 TI - Intensive medical student support groups: format, outcome, and leadership guidelines. AB - The authors report on a five-year experience with process-oriented discussion groups at annual four-day, off-campus retreats attended by students, faculty members, and "significant others." Group sessions comprised 17 hours of each retreat, which also included community activities and recreation time. Group leaders represented a diversity of professional backgrounds. In response to questionnaires sent from one to two months after the retreats, participants rated group experiences highly, although they also considered a significant amount of time for unstructured interpersonal interaction and recreation important. Participants enjoyed meeting students and faculty members in a relatively "role free" setting, and students derived an enhanced sense of self-awareness from group discussions. The most highly valued group leader behaviors were participation as a group member, facilitation of interpersonal communication, and attention to group members' needs. Guidance and direction by the leaders were also considered valuable, provided that they did not impose inappropriate expectations on their groups. PMID- 7120333 TI - Clinical medical education in the nursing home: opportunities and limits. AB - The nursing home has been proposed as a potential site for clinical medical education. Before medical schools can reasonably devote increasingly scarce resources to such an endeavor, questions of what the nursing home might uniquely provide to medical students and whether such experiences are really necessary must be clearly answered. Evidence is presented to support the development of the nursing home as a required clinical educational site. Analogies and differences between the current situation in the nursing home and the situation of the hospital in medical education in the early 20th century are explored as a means of understanding the potential and limits of the nursing home's role in medical education. PMID- 7120334 TI - Preparation for the teaching role in residencies: an elective for medical students. PMID- 7120335 TI - A construct validity study of Kolb's learning style types in medical education. PMID- 7120336 TI - Citation patterns of articles published in the Journal of Medical Education, 1970 1980. PMID- 7120337 TI - Journal club format emphasizing techniques of critical reading. PMID- 7120338 TI - Perceptions of functioning in mixed-sex and male medical training groups. PMID- 7120339 TI - Using case presentations to augment instruction in laboratory medicine. PMID- 7120340 TI - The 20-headed microscope: a new tool for instruction in pathology. PMID- 7120342 TI - House staff education and ambulatory care. PMID- 7120341 TI - Evaluation of an Appalachian preceptorship orientation program. PMID- 7120343 TI - A health enrichment program for junior high school students. PMID- 7120345 TI - Strengthening the information-handling systems of the academic medical centers. PMID- 7120344 TI - A model for training family practice preceptors. PMID- 7120346 TI - Curricular changes. PMID- 7120347 TI - Report of a study tour to India concerning the equipment needs of leprosy patients. PMID- 7120349 TI - EEG alpha-biofeedback training: an experimental technique for the management of anxiety. AB - This paper outlines the design of a specialized alpha-biofeedback system for use in the treatment of anxiety. The relationship of electroencephalographic (EEG) alpha activity to various anxiety states is described, and the rationale for use of alpha-biofeedback training with chronic anxiety patients is explained. Those features of the specialized system, and associated training methods, which are considered essential for this particular application are described and include the following: (1) use of visual feedback and eyes-open training; (2) use of oculomotor influences to facilitate alpha production; (3) encouragement of a passive attitude in the patient by using both verbal instructions and 'low information' feedback with covert shaping. The training procedures used and the design and function of the instrument are described. The initial clinical results obtained with this equipment are also presented. PMID- 7120348 TI - Eye for eye, tooth for tooth; a materialistic overview of contemporary prostheses. PMID- 7120350 TI - The stress analysis of straight-stemmed femoral components for total hip replacements. PMID- 7120352 TI - Design excellence in medical engineering--luxury or necessity? PMID- 7120351 TI - A simple device for blood-flow control in extracorporeal circuits. PMID- 7120354 TI - A reassessment of the microbial flora of the female genital tract, with special reference to the occurrence of Bacteroides species. AB - Two hundred and twelve randomly selected vaginal or uterine cervical specimens were investigated for the presence of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria and yeasts. Anaerobes of possible clinical significance, including Bacteroidaceae, Peptococcaceae and clostridia were isolated from 34% of the specimens and were identified to specific or generic level. Among the Bacteroidaceae isolated, B. bivius was the most common, followed by other propionate-negative species. Members of the Bacteroides fragilis group were seldom isolated. Of the aerobic or facultatively anaerobic isolates, enterococci and Escherichia coli were most often found. The results show that clinically significant anaerobes, especially Bacteroides species, are not regular members of the vaginal flora and that the species distribution of anaerobes occurring in the genital tract is significantly different from that of the intestinal tract. PMID- 7120353 TI - Calcium requirement and virulence of Yersinia enterocolitica. AB - At an optimal concentration of magnesium, highly virulent wild strains of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:8, with an LD50, for mice, of less than 10(3) cell intravenously, had an in-vitro requirement for calcium at 37 degrees C but not at 26 degrees C. Avirulent wild strains of Y. enterocolitica (LD50 greater than 10(7) cells intravenously) did not have this calcium dependence. When grown on calcium-depleted media at 37 degrees C, eight highly virulent strains yielded 0.5--6% large calcium non-requiring, avirulent colonies; the remaining colonies were slow growing, calcium dependent and highly virulent. Like wild avirulent strains, these calcium non-requiring mutants were quickly destroyed in organs within 48 h, even after large intravenous challenge. In contrast the slow-growing calcium-dependent colonies were highly virulent on intravenous inoculation, growing rapidly in the liver, spleen and lungs to produce multiple abscesses. Homogenates of heavily infected organs produced the original proportion of calcium non-requiring colonies when plated on media without calcium. Results of a fluctuation test suggested that the emergence of calcium non-requiring mutants is the result of induction rather than spontaneous mutation. PMID- 7120356 TI - Intraphagocytic protection of staphylococci from extracellular penicillin. AB - In a system in which unphagocytosed bacteria were removed by differential centrifugation after a 30-min phagocytosis period, staphylococci associated with rabbit polymorphonulcear (PMN) leukocytes were completely protected from the effects of benzyl penicillin 1 microgram/ml, but not completely protected from the effects of 5 micrograms/ml. When unphagocytosed bacteria were lysed with lysostaphin, effective protection could be observed over a range of penicillin concentrations from 0.25 to 200 micrograms/ml. 14C-benzyl penicillin failed to accumulate in rabbit PMN leukocytes, whether or not they had previously phagocytosed staphylococci, in conditions in which mouse peritoneal macrophages readily accumulated penicillin. Mixed granule extracts prepared from the PMN leukocytes interacted synergically with penicillin against staphylococci at physiological pH (7.2) but failed to show synergy at an intraphagolysosomal pH of 5.0 unless the bacteria were first sublethally treated with penicillin. Experiments in which the pH value of culture media was changed either from 7.2 to 5.0 or from 5.0 to 7.2 indicated that the partial nature of the protective effect of the intraphagolysosomal environment could be attributed to the growth-limiting effects of the low phagolysosomal pH, which prevents full expression of the synergic potential of granule contents and penicillin. The concentration dependent nature of the protection and its incompleteness are explained by supposing that a proportion of the staphylococci not ingested during the 30-min phagocytosis period are modified by penicillin in a way that opsonises them and potentiates the intrinsic bactericidal mechanisms of the PMN leukocytes when the bacteria are subsequently ingested. PMID- 7120355 TI - Pathological and biochemical features of Legionella pneumophila infection in guinea-pigs. AB - The main pathological feature of experimental legionellosis produced by the intraperitoneal inoculation of guinea-pigs was a fibrinopurulent peritonitis, especially over the liver and spleen. Foci of necrosis were present in these organs from the second to seventh day after infection. Early biochemical changes in the serum included significant decreases in the concentration of zinc and iron, and increases in copper and triglycerides. Phenylalanine to tyrosine ratios increased strikingly, but free amino acid decreased slightly. The total protein concentration did not change, but acute-phase proteins increased. Serum lysozyme activity increased as leucocytosis developed but fell during the subsequent leucopenia. In the later stages of the disease the activity of alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and creatine kinase decreased; that of dehydrogenases and transaminase increased. PMID- 7120357 TI - Survey of serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentration and lipoprotein electrophoretic pattern in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). AB - Serum lipids and lipoproteins were surveyed during quarantine of a group of 811 wild-caught rhesus monkeys. No abnormalities indicative of dyslipoproteinemia analogous to the familial hyperlipoproteinemias in man were observed. Males had significantly lower mean cholesterol (134 mg/dl) and higher mean triglyceride (41.9 mg/dl) concentrations than females (155 and 37.5 mg/dl, respectively). Electrophoretic distribution of lipoproteins differed with sex. Cholesterol concentration and electrophoretic pattern had not attained steady state by ten weeks either in animals recently imported or in those conditioned in another laboratory for six months or more after import. PMID- 7120358 TI - Normal and pathological electrocardiographic patterns in the Cebus monkey. AB - The normal electrocardiographic (ECG) pattern was determined for Cebus monkeys and compared with those obtained in animals subjected to experimental heart damage. ECG patterns were related to the anatomopathological findings in both normal and treated animals. The anatomic study revealed a vertical heart in which both ventricles constituted the frontal aspect. The experimental heart injury either through the inoculation of Trypanosoma cruzi or after the treatment with isoproterenol induced ECG changes which were correlated with specific anatomopathological lesions. PMID- 7120359 TI - Blood coagulation tests of gorillas. AB - In coagulation tests on five lowland gorillas, values within or close to the normal human range were found with the following tests: partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, thrombin time, factor XIII screen, factor II assay, factor V assay, fibrinogen and antithrombin III. Factor XII levels were very high. Factor VIII coagulant activity was moderately elevated but factor VIII antigen was very high in all and ristocetin cofactor activity was low in four of five. PMID- 7120360 TI - Lithocholate sulphation in the baboon. PMID- 7120361 TI - Pressure dependence of the sodium currents of squid giant axon. PMID- 7120362 TI - Pressure dependence of the potassium currents of squid giant axon. PMID- 7120363 TI - Comparison of the pacemaker properties of chick embryonic atrial and ventricular heart cells. PMID- 7120364 TI - Sodium-calcium ion exchange in skeletal muscle sarcolemmal vesicles. AB - The Ca2+ permeability of rabbit skeletal muscle sarcolemmal vesicles was investigated by means of radioisotope flux measurements. A membrane vesicle fraction highly enriched in sarcolemma, as revealed by enzymatic markers, was obtained from the 22-27% region of sucrose gradients after isopycnic centrifugation. The ability of sarcolemmal vesicles to exchange Na+ for Ca2+ was investigated by measuring Ca2+ influx into and efflux from sarcolemmal vesicles in the presence and absence of a Na+ gradient. It was found that Ca2+ movements were enhanced in the direction of the higher Na+ concentration. When intra-and extravesicular Na+ concentrations were high, Na+-Na+ exchanged predominated and Na+-Ca2+ exchange was low or absent. The presence of the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 in the dilution medium resulted in the rapid release of Ca2+ and the elimination of the Na+-enhanced efflux of Ca2+, suggesting that internal rather than bound external Ca2+ was exchanged with Na+ . La3+ abolished Na+-Ca4+ exchanged was not due to sarcoplasmic reticulum or mitochondrial contaminants. This investigation suggests that skeletal muscle, like cardiac muscle and neurons, is capable of a transmembranous Na/-Ca2+ exchange. PMID- 7120365 TI - The correlation averaging of a regularly arranged bacterial cell envelope protein. AB - An adaptation of the 'correlation averaging' method is described which allows reliable and almost fully automatic image averaging in the case of near-periodic structures notwithstanding the presence of substantial crystal imperfections; methods for assessing resolution and symmetry without reliance on crystallinity are also discussed. Electron micrographs of negatively stained and rotary shadowed preparations of the HPI-layer protein from the cell envelope of Micrococcus radiodurans have been averaged using the method, and the projected structure is described to a resolution of about 1.9 nm. PMID- 7120367 TI - Automated cell counting in tissue sections: a new approach by 'multiple grey level analysis'. AB - A system is described for the automated quantitation in tissue sections of the follicular and stromal cell populations of the thyroid gland, using a computer linked TV image analyser. The paper illustrates how the problems of variable staining intensity and clustering of images (nuclei) may be overcome by a novel approach, in which multiple analyses of each field are made at increasing grey level thresholds, and then 'synthesized' by computer to give a composite image. Discrimination between cell (nuclear) types was by a single minimum width criterion. The results were highly reproducible and correlated well with counts obtained by a comparable manual method. PMID- 7120366 TI - A television system for point counting morphometry in high resolution light microscopy. AB - High resolution light microscopical images that can be superimposed on a test system for the estimation of stereological parameters are obtained by a television system modified for point-counting morphometry. The full resolving power of the light microscope is exploited and a test system applied in the same plane as the microscopical image displayed on the monitor screen. Volume fraction estimates of nuclei and zymogen granules from the rat pancreas made with the television microscopical system and with electron-microscopic micrographs rendered the same precision, and showed that the volume fraction of objects as small as zymogen granules was measurable with the light microscope. The measuring with the television microscopical system was about 15 times faster than with electron-microscopic micrography and about 5 times faster than with conventional photomicrography and the light microscope. PMID- 7120368 TI - Multiple image integration: a new method in electron microscopy. AB - An optical 'flicker' method is described for the precise azimuthal and translational co-registration of many noisy but identical molecular images. Starting with a real micrograph of known biological objects showing no visible detail below 4 nm, a lattice of images of individual objects was synthesized by computer and translationally filtered, using real experimental data throughout. Detail was recovered conforming with known structural features of the object down to about 1.5 nm, and rotational analysis showed that the registration accuracy of the lattice elements was better than 0.5 nm on the object. Application to the straightening of real two-dimensional lattices with long-range distortion is discussed. PMID- 7120369 TI - Low Z glass standards for biological X-ray microanalysis. PMID- 7120370 TI - An improved specimen table for the Balzers freeze etching system BAF 400. AB - A time saving, simple and inexpensive adaptation of a Balzers specimen table is described. This specimen table is used in combination with the small specimen holders originally developed for the Denton Freeze-etching module. They are in particular suited for cell suspensions, and are easy to handle for freezing procedures. Ten replicas are produced routinely per freeze fracture run, with the aid of this combined system. PMID- 7120371 TI - A gripping stub for the examination of multilaminous biological specimens in the scanning electron microscope. PMID- 7120372 TI - Long-term follow-up of a pilot project on smoking prevention with adolescents. AB - Seventh graders (N = 353) in one junior high school received an experimental smoking prevention program aimed at teaching students to resist the social pressures to smoke cigarettes. Seventh graders (N = 217) in another school served as controls. Teams of high-school students trained in basic behavior change skills led seven classroom sessions of instruction in counter-arguing during the school year. Significant differences were found between groups in reported smoking at a 9-month posttest. Results were maintained at 21- and 33-month follow ups. PMID- 7120373 TI - A factorial comparison of schedule and bilateral locus of diastolic blood pressure-contingent feedback. AB - The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to compare and determine the effects of a partial and a continuous schedule of feedback on the acquisition and subsequent extinction of bidirectional diastolic blood pressure changes in human subjects; and (b) to examine the result of the administration of response contingent feedback at specific sites on the bilateral axis between left and right arms on diastolic blood pressure changes at those sites. Subjects were 36 normotensive volunteer college students, ages 18-40 years. A 3 X 3 design was used in which three schedules of feedback (0, 25, and 50%) were factorially compared with three sites of feedback (left arm, both arms, and right arm). The results indicated that varying schedules of feedback differentially affected the acquisition and extinction of diastolic blood pressure response changes. The data also suggested that diastolic blood pressure changes could be produced at specific sites on the bilateral axis, although not completely independent of changes at other sites. Extinction was observed to be rapid in most cases, although a number of subjects with partial feedback schedules showed a somewhat greater resistance to extinction. PMID- 7120374 TI - A cognitive-behavioral model for the treatment of chronic vomiting. AB - The treatment approaches for chronic vomiting have primarily utilized behavior conditioning models and have largely focused on hospitalized infants, retarded patients, or trauma patients. A substantial number of patients who exhibit the symptoms of vomiting could be diagnosed as neurotic vomiters or "bulimics," and there is a dearth of information on the treatment of these patients. This paper presents a case study of a 26-year-old woman diagnosed as suffering from bulimia of 10 years' duration. The treatment program involved three basic components: self-monitoring, stimulus control, and cognitive restructuring. The treatment components were instituted sequentially. The treatment program was successful, and a 1-year follow-up found that the patient has maintained her progress and not vomited in over 5 months. The discussion focuses on the advantages of this treatment model in dealing with bulimia, which is conceptualized as a habit-type behavior disorder. PMID- 7120375 TI - Toward the automated measurement of the type-A behavior pattern. AB - Sixty-six structured interviews that were rated by Rosenman on a 5-point Type A/B behavior pattern scale, were scored by means of a semi-automated system for verbosity, voice volume and the temporal pacing of speech. A significant negative correlation obtained between interviewees' A/B ratings and their reaction-time scores; significant positive correlations obtained between their behavior type ratings and their voice volume and duration of vocalization scores. A regression equation consisting of reaction-time and voice volume scores correctly classified the A/B ratings of 89 percent of the interviewees. The significant correlations that were obtained between the interviewer's and the interviewees' speech patterns emphasize the need for standardizing the interviewer's style. Finally, the findings suggest that anxiety-arousal is a mediating variable in the relationship between Type-A behavior and coronary heart disease. PMID- 7120376 TI - Competitive two-persons interactions of type-A and type-B individuals. AB - Forty subjects classified as either coronary-prone (Type A) or coronary-resistant (Type B) interacted in a mixed-motive game in pairs by pressing buttons which transmitted messages through a television screen while an electrocardiogram and digital blood volume pulse were computer monitored. Subjects could cooperate, compete, punish, reward, or withdraw during each interaction and could send 1 of 55 messages communicating feelings, requests, and intentions between interactions. Paired Type A's interacted more competitively and aggressively than paired Type B's. There were no significant differences between Type A's and Type B's in heart rate or digital vasomotor response during the interpersonal game. The behavioral results but not the physiological results confirm findings from an earlier experiment. PMID- 7120377 TI - Coping with a stressful sigmoidoscopy: evaluation of cognitive and relaxation preparations. AB - Sigmoidoscopy involves the insertion of a small scope into the anal cavity to inspect for abnormalities in the colon. Although the procedure is not believed to be painful, it is often noxious for patients because it produces embarassment and discomfort. We examined the effectiveness of two brief interventions designed to enhance coping: self-instructional training and relaxation. In the self instructional conditions patients were given brief training to focus their attention on either their own (internal) or the doctor's (external) ability to regulate the situation. A third (control) group received attention but did not experience self-instructional training. Half of each of these three groups also received relaxation training, while the other half did not. Planned comparisons demonstrated that subjects in the self-instructional strategies rated themselves as less anxious, had fewer body movements during the exam, and emitted fewer verbalization than those in an attention control group. Patients in the external condition estimated that the exam took less time but tended to have elevated heart rates during the procedure. Those experiencing relaxation training tended to overestimate the duration of the exam, but made fewer requests to stop the exam and rated themselves as less anxious than patients who did not receive relaxation training. PMID- 7120378 TI - Coronary-prone behavior in the Netherlands: a cross-cultural validation study. AB - As part of the Kaunas-Rotterdam Intervention Study (KRIS), the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS), designed to measure the coronary-prone behavior pattern type A, was administered to 2712 males who participated in a health intervention program. A JAS score was computed by a maximum-likelihood method for item analysis and test scoring using the structured interview as the criterion. The Dutch adaptation classified 73% of the subjects correctly. Those who were treated at the moment of screening for one or more cardiovascular risk factors and those who suffered from angina pectoris had higher mean JAS scores that those without concurrent cardiovascular complaints. Those results provide some evidence that the type A coronary-prone behavior pattern, as measured by the JAS, is linked to coronary heart disease outside the United States. PMID- 7120379 TI - Metrological study of psychological questionnaires with reference to social variables: the Belgian Heart Disease Prevention Project (BHDPP). AB - In the framework of a controlled trial on the multifactorial prevention of coronary heart disease, two measures of type A behavior--determined by the Bortner scale and the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS)--and one personality questionnaire--the Sandler Hazary Questionnaire and Eysenck Personality Inventory (SHEPI)--were used. Their interrelations and relations with social variables are analyzed. It appears that the Bortner scale and the JAS do not measure the overall syndrome of the coronary-prone behavior pattern (CPBP), but similar and different specific aspects of it. There exists a direct relation of the Bortner score, JAS-AB, JAS'-S, and JAS-J with the study level and the socioprofessional class. Neuroticism or emotional hyperreactivity determined by the SHEPI is highly correlated with these scores. No or small relations of social variables with personality traits are found. PMID- 7120382 TI - Genital herpes. PMID- 7120381 TI - Acute hepatitis of secondary syphilis. PMID- 7120383 TI - Radiological seminar CCXXII: bilateral diffuse pulmonary 67Ga uptake. PMID- 7120384 TI - Carcinoma of nasopharynx--Mississippi experience. PMID- 7120380 TI - Behavioral treatment of hyperlipidemia: techniques, results, and future directions. AB - The present review examines the role of several target behaviors in the treatment of hyperlipidemia, including diet, exercise, cigarette smoking, Type A pattern, and medication adherence. Modification of the typical American diet (high in cholesterol, fat, and sodium) is emphasized in the treatment of hyperlipidemia since a multitude of laboratory, clinical, and epidemiological studies have shown that diet plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of this condition and an increase in coronary risk. Factors affecting patient compliance such as health beliefs and family support are discussed in terms of their impact on behavior change efforts aimed at reducing plasma lipids through dietary and drug regimens. Intervention studies are reviewed in the behavioral treatment of hyperlipidemia. These programs have focused on diet modification, exercise, and medication adherence to reduce plasma lipids and coronary risk. The role of other target behaviors (i.e., Type A pattern and smoking) is explored not only in determining coronary risk but also in terms of their direct impact on plasma lipids. Further research is necessary to clarify the relationship between these target behaviors and plasma lipid levels and to investigate the effects of innovative family- and group-based intervention procedures in promoting and maintaining habit change related to coronary risk reduction. PMID- 7120386 TI - Address of the President. PMID- 7120385 TI - Maternal mortality in Mississippi: 1979-1980. PMID- 7120387 TI - Functional characteristics of untranslated messenger ribonucleoprotein particles from mouse sarcoma ascites cells. Possible relation to the control of messenger RNA utilization. PMID- 7120388 TI - The reaction of bacteriophage T6 with tryptophan. An improved description of T even tail-fibre extension. PMID- 7120389 TI - Molecular cloning and expression of cardiac-specific myosin heavy chain gene sequences in chick embryo. PMID- 7120390 TI - Complete sequence of bovine mitochondrial DNA. Conserved features of the mammalian mitochondrial genome. PMID- 7120391 TI - Extreme ends of the genome are conserved and rearranged in the defective interfering RNAs of Semliki Forest virus. PMID- 7120392 TI - Structural and kinetic study of the self-assembly of nucleosome core particles. PMID- 7120394 TI - Micro-video study of moving bacterial flagellar filaments. III. Cyclic transformation induced by mechanical force. PMID- 7120393 TI - Role of histone pairs H2A,H2B and H3,H4 in the self-assembly of nucleosome core particles. PMID- 7120395 TI - Analysis of ribosome binding sites from the s1 message of reovirus. Initiation at the first and second AUG codons. PMID- 7120396 TI - Analysis and prediction of the packing of alpha-helices against a beta-sheet in the tertiary structure of globular proteins. PMID- 7120397 TI - Comparison of the applicability of several allosteric models to the pH and 2,3 bis(phospho)glycerate dependence of oxygen binding by human blood. PMID- 7120398 TI - Molecular weight of adenovirus serotype 2 capsomers. A new characterization. PMID- 7120399 TI - Developmental classes and homologous families of chorion genes in Bombyx mori. PMID- 7120400 TI - Complete amino acids sequence of a variant surface glycoprotein (VSG 117) from Trypanosoma brucei. PMID- 7120401 TI - Complete nucleotide sequence of complementary DNA coding for a variant surface glycoprotein from Trypanosoma brucei. PMID- 7120402 TI - Reversal of the effect of the allosteric ligands of dCMP-aminohydrolase and stabilization of the enzyme in the T form. PMID- 7120403 TI - Dielectric studies of the binding of water to lysozyme. PMID- 7120404 TI - 5' nucleotide heterogeneity and altered initiation of transcription at mutant lac promoters. PMID- 7120405 TI - Abbreviated 3' non-coding region in duck alpha D globin messenger RNA defines evolutionarily conserved sequences. PMID- 7120406 TI - Genetic fine structure analysis of the myosin heavy chain gene unc-54 of Caenorhabditis elegans. PMID- 7120407 TI - Crystallographic refinement and atomic models of two different forms of citrate synthase at 2.7 and 1.7 A resolution. PMID- 7120409 TI - Iron-sulfur clusters and protein structure of Azotobacter ferredoxin at 2.0 A resolution. PMID- 7120408 TI - Preliminary crystallographic data for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from the thermophile Bacillus coagulans. PMID- 7120410 TI - Incomplete complex oligosaccharides in semliki forest virus envelope proteins arrested within the cell in the presence of monensin. PMID- 7120411 TI - Oxygen binding by sickle cell hemoglobin polymers. PMID- 7120412 TI - Molecular conformation of alpha-cobratoxin as studied by nuclear magnetic resonance and circular dichroism. PMID- 7120413 TI - Nucleotide sequence of bovine 1.715 satellite DNA and its relation to other bovine satellite sequences. PMID- 7120414 TI - Reactivity of ferric Aplysia and sperm whale myoglobins towards imidazole. X-ray and binding study. PMID- 7120415 TI - Reconstitution of nucleosome core particles containing glucosylated DNA. PMID- 7120416 TI - Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase forms a mononucleotide-binding fold. PMID- 7120417 TI - Comparison of the nucleotide sequences at the 3'-terminal region of RNAs from RNA coliphages. PMID- 7120419 TI - Limb regenerative capacity of four species of Japanese frogs of the families Hylidae and Ranidae. AB - The regenerative capacity of limbs was investigated by amputation of limbs at the zeugopodium in postmetamorphic froglets and adults of various sizes in four species of Japanese frogs, all of which showed some regeneration at these ages. In Hyla arborea japonica and Rana brevipoda porosa most young froglets regenerated their limbs well; however, the rate of regeneration decreased with the age of amputation, and the limb became nonregenerative in adults. Limbs of adults in Rana rugosa and R. japonica, on the other hand, exhibited good regeneration. All of the regenerates in the four species were heteromorphic, consisting histologically of well-developed cartilaginous rods surrounded by connective tissue and skin. Limited development of muscle was apparent in regenerates of the three ranid species. The relations between body size, innervation of limbs, and regenerative capacity are discussed. PMID- 7120418 TI - Rotational dynamics of monoclonal anti-dansyl immunoglobulins. PMID- 7120420 TI - Abnormal development of vertebrae in paralyzed chick embryos. AB - Ventral bars, cartilaginous projections from the ventral aspect of the synsacrum that contact and form a joint with the ilium, were found in all normal chick embryos of age E9 and older. Bars were absent in a number of embryos which had been paralyzed from age E4 by the use of the acetylcholine receptor blocker alpha bungarotoxin. They were also absent in some embryos that had been paralyzed between ages E4 and E10 but allowed to move thereafter. The bars, already formed, remained present in a third group of embryos in which paralysis was initiated age E10. Apparently, normal embryonic movements induce the formation of bars. In support of this conclusion is the observation that two of three embryos which had had their hindlimb buds amputated at age E3 lacked bars. In these embryos with amputations, the ilium was present at least in part, but the forces exerted on the region where the bars develop would have been greatly reduced because of the lack of hind limb musculature. It is concluded that the bars, which form part of the iliosynsacral joint, are induced epigenetically by normal embryonic movements. PMID- 7120421 TI - Architecture of the hind limb muscles of cats: functional significance. AB - Force, velocity, and displacement properties of a muscle are determined in large part by its architectural design. The relative effect of muscle architecture on these physiological variables was studied by determining muscle weight, fiber length, average sarcomere length, and approximate angle of pinnation of 24 cat hind limb muscles. Muscle lengths ranged from 28.3 to 144 mm, whereas fiber lengths ranged from 8.4 to 105.5 mm. Generally, fiber to muscle length ratios were similar throughout a muscle. Estimated angles of pinnation of muscle fibers varied from 0 to 21 degrees with most having an angle of less than 10 degrees. The cross-sectional area of the knee extensors was similar to the knee flexors (16.43 vs. 16.83 cm2) whereas the cross-sectional area of the ankle extensors was more than six times greater than the ankle flexors (18.59 vs. 2.83 cm2). There was a 6.7-fold difference in the maximal force between muscles, when normalized to a constant weight, that could be attributed to architectural features. Ratios of wet weight to predicted maximal tetanic tension for each muscle and muscle group were calculated to compare the relative priority of muscle force versus muscle length-velocity for a given mass of muscle. These ratios varied from 0.4 to 4.84. The ratios suggest that velocity and/or displacement is a priority for the hamstrings, whereas force is a priority for the quadriceps and lower leg muscles. As much as a 12.6-fold difference in maximal velocity between muscles can be attributed to differences in fiber lengths. This can be compared to approximately a 2.5-fold difference in maximal velocity reported to occur as a result of biochemical (intrinsic) differences. PMID- 7120422 TI - The photoreceptors of the West Indian manatee. AB - Using light and electron microscopy we found that the manatee retina has both rodlike and conelike photoreceptors in accord with its diurnal behavior pattern. Outer segment disks in both cell types appear to be enclosed along most of their length within the plasma membrane. The synaptic terminals are simple, with small, superficial postsynaptic contacts. The cones have long inner segments, short, conical outer segments and terminals with numerous synaptic ribons and deeply embedded postsynaptic elements. There are two cone subclasses that may subserve color vision. Morphometry shows that there are more ganglion cells of small size ventrally, and that the thickness of the nerve fiber layer there is reduced, suggesting the presence of a specialized visual area in the retina. However, there were no pronounced differences in cone cell density in any of the regions examined. PMID- 7120423 TI - Biochemical and genetic consequences of gene transfer from endosymbiont to host genome. PMID- 7120424 TI - Molecular basis for the genetic code. PMID- 7120425 TI - On the relation between genetic and environmental variability in animals. PMID- 7120426 TI - Genetic variability of soluble proteins studied by two-dimensional electrophoresis on different inbred mouse strains and on different mouse organs. PMID- 7120427 TI - Ribosomal RNA evolution by fragmentation of the 23S progenitor: maturation pathway parallels evolutionary emergence. PMID- 7120428 TI - The radiolysis of aqueous propionitrile: compounds of interest to chemical evolution studies. PMID- 7120429 TI - A model for the origin of life. PMID- 7120430 TI - Formation of the thioester, N-acetyl, S-lactoylcysteine, by reaction of N acetylcysteine with pyruvaldehyde in aqueous solution. PMID- 7120432 TI - Behavioral diagnosis and assessment in marital therapy. PMID- 7120431 TI - Patterns of nucleotide substitution in pseudogenes and functional genes. PMID- 7120433 TI - The effect of group treatment of primary orgasmic dysfunction on the marital relationship. PMID- 7120434 TI - From masturbation to orgasm with a partner: how some women bridge the gap--and why others don't. PMID- 7120435 TI - The incest taboo: loosened sexual boundaries in remarried families. PMID- 7120436 TI - Short- and long-term effects of a marital enrichment program upon couple functioning. AB - Short- and long-term effects of a new marital enrichment program (MEP), based upon Sager's contractual model of couple functioning, were evaluated using both self-inventories (DAS, MCI) and behavioral scales (MICS). Couples were randomly assigned to either no-treatment control conditions or the 20-hour long MEP. Evaluations of marital functioning of both groups were repeatedly done during the experimentation, at pretest, midtest, posttest and follow-up 1 (two months after completion of the program). A second follow-up on the experimental couples was done a year after the end of MEP. Significant results were obtained for five of the seven criterion variables (marital adjustment and communication and certain aspects of problem-solving behavior). Positive gains shown by the experimental couples in the subjective measures were maintained for an entire year following MEP. It was concluded that the program succeeded in meeting both its short- and long-term goals, thus representing a most promising preventative strategy to modern couple living. PMID- 7120437 TI - Tomorrow's medicine beyond GMENAC. PMID- 7120438 TI - Adolescent suicide. PMID- 7120439 TI - Trichostasis spinulosa. AB - Usually occurring on the mid-face, especially on the nose, trichostasis spinulosa occurs more commonly in young, adult black women. The lesions of trichostasis spinulosa resemble open comedones (blackheads). It may be treated with tweezing, dipilatory wax, and topical retinoic acid. PMID- 7120440 TI - Tumors of extramammary breast tissue. AB - Polymastia is described and tumor formation in this condition is discussed. Two cases of carcinoma is aberrant breast tissue and one of fibroadenoma in a supernumerary breast are reported. PMID- 7120441 TI - Adolescent pregnancy: a twenty year review. AB - In 20 years, from 1957 through 1977, there were 2,280 cases of adolescent pregnancy. The number one problem was low birth weight which occurred in 17 percent of all patients. The second significant obstetrical risk was toxemia of pregnancy, occurring in 15 percent of the cases. The cesarean section rate was 6.7 percent. There were 1.8 percent stillbirths and one maternal death. PMID- 7120442 TI - Maturation vs age: assessing blood pressure by height. AB - The Minneapolis Children's Blood Pressure Study surveyed 9,977 school children aged 6 to 9 years. Analyses revealed that both age and height should be considered in determining whether a child's blood pressure is within "normal limits." Because of the wide range of physiologic maturation seen at any given year of chronologic age, use of blood pressure norms presented by age only may result in important errors in the classification of blood pressure. It is emphasized that repeated measurements over time are important but that this does not eliminate the need to consider height as a measure of maturation. PMID- 7120443 TI - Treatment of patients with chest pain in a large city hospital. AB - A subspecialty clinic was established in a large city hospital in order to evaluate and treat patients with chest pain syndromes and to assess the relative efficiency of isosorbide dinitrate and propranolol in the treatment of angina pectoris. The intensive subspecialty approach proved superior to the standard evaluation and treatment that these patients received in the general medicine clinics. Almost 50 percent of referred patients with the diagnosis of longstanding angina pectoris did not have this disease. Of the patients with chest pain due to coronary artery disease, the clinic provided an expedient, efficient, and effective means of evaluation and treatment. Isosorbide dinitrate was shown to be as effective an antianginal drug as propranolol. PMID- 7120444 TI - Experimental study of thallium 201 redistribution in transient myocardial ischemia. AB - The influence of differential washout on the redistribution phenomenon of thallium 201 chloride deposited in ischemic myocardium was investigated. Two groups of dogs had serial scintigraphic images and tissue counting performed. The first group had ischemia produced prior to the injection of the thallium and, following the control image after production of ischemia, the occlusion was released and serial images obtained over a three-hour period. The second group received thallium initially and after a control scintigraph was taken, ischemia was created and maintained for three hours via transthoracic ligature. Activity distribution was followed by serial images. Thallium content of ischemic areas was compared to the normal area by computer assisted data analysis. Tissues from the ischemic and normal areas from both groups were obtained after the serial images and counted. In the first group, prompt redistribution of activity into the ischemic areas was seen within 30 minutes of releasing the occlusion and was verified by tissue counting. Neither scintigraphic image changes nor tissue uptake differences were observed in the second group. The restoration of blood flow and consequently increased avidity for thallium probably accounted for the redistribution seen in the first group as there appeared to be no differential washout of activity in the second group from either the ischemic or normal areas to contribute to the redistribution phenomenon. PMID- 7120445 TI - The role of the Federal Government in mental health. AB - This paper reports a survey of public opinion regarding the role of the federal government in mental health. The impact of cuts in federal funding for mental health care is analyzed and discussed. PMID- 7120446 TI - Thrombosis and pancreatic carcinoma revisited. AB - A case of recurrent pulmonary embolism from thrombophlebitis associated with pancreatic carcinoma is reported. There is an increased incidence of thrombophlebitis with all tumors, but carcinoma of the pancreas is statistically more frequently responsible. The higher incidence of thrombophlebitis with tumors of the body and tail of the pancreas is probably due to the low trypsin levels associated with these tumors. Trypsin levels are directly related to plasma antithrombin levels and mucinous adenocarcinomas are more commonly associated with thrombus formation. PMID- 7120447 TI - Blastomycosis. AB - Blastomycosis is a fungal disease with an endemic area identical to that of histoplasmosis in the United States. Disease states range from a subclinical pulmonary illness to a rapidly progressive and fatal disease. Cutaneous lesions are common although the lung is the portal of entry for blastomyces. The organisms are easily demonstrated with potassium hydroxide preparations of fresh sputum, pus from skin lesions, or other biologic material. Skin and serologic tests are unreliable, largely because of cross-reactivity with antigens of histoplasmosis. Because of the ever present potential for milder forms of illness to progress to severe disease, it is recommended that all patients with symptomatic or culture proven disease be treated with amphotericin B. PMID- 7120448 TI - Preclinical evaluation of new drugs and industrial chemicals. PMID- 7120450 TI - Practice patterns of black physicians: results of a survey of Howard University College of Medicine alumni. AB - Over 600 Howard University medical alumni of seven representative classes graduating from 1955 to 1975 were surveyed by questionnaire in 1975 and 1976. Replies of the 252 black respondents confirm that these graduates are providing substantial care to blacks, the economically disadvantaged, and residents of the inner city. Survey findings reaffirm the necessity to train more black physicians and to provide data on current and future practice patterns. Comparisons are made between the practice patterns of earlier (1955 to 1970) and later (1973 to 1975) black graduates. A general bibliography of publications relevant to the practice patterns of black physicians is included. PMID- 7120449 TI - An in-progress research report of perceptual-cognitive development of young black children in three cultures. AB - This paper examines a study of perceptual-cognitive development among black children from three cultures. The study investigates patterns of perceptual and cognitive functioning as a transaction among developmental, genetic, environmental, cultural, and child-rearing variables. The samples consisted of four and eight year olds from three distinct groups: (1) white and black middle socio-economic status (SES) children from the US; (2) lower and middle SES children from St. Kitts in the Caribbean; and (3) middle SES children from Nigeria. The research paradigm permits a cross-cultural comparison of three samples of middle-class, urban, English-speaking, black children in relation to six areas of perceptual-cognitive development, four anthropometric, and three physiological measures. Because of the inclusion of a white sample, the interactions of SES, race, culture, nutritional status, proximity to the equator, and physical growth and development can be correlated with the performance of black children on perceptual-cognitive tasks. Results of data analyzed thus far are reported and implications are discussed. PMID- 7120451 TI - Primary tumors of the jaw in Nigerian children. AB - Over a 13-year period at the University College Hospital in Ibadan, 152 cases of primary tumors of the jaw (excluding Burkett's lymphoma) were reported. These cases, which consisted entirely of Nigerian children under 19 years of age, were then reviewed and analyzed. The majority of the jaw tumors were benign with fibro osseous lesions and ameloblastoma predominating.Common clinical features were late presentation and disfigurement which made aggressive surgery imperative. All cases of malignant tumors terminated fatally. PMID- 7120452 TI - A brief review of the adult respiratory distress syndrome. AB - The adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is seen with increasing frequency. It is associated with a variety of conditions even in the absence of preexisting pulmonary diseases. The treatment often includes intubation, using positive-end expiratory pressure (PEEP), and other ancillary support. The mortality rate is high, and physicians caring for such patients should be on guard for disseminated intravascular coagulation, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and infection. PMID- 7120453 TI - X-ray pelvimetry in primiparas. I: Role of physiological maturity. AB - X-ray pelvimetry offers an accepted, objective, and reproducible method for evaluation of pelvic capacity. One hundred-thirty primiparous parturients, 16 years of age and younger, who had had x-ray pelvimetries when admitted for delivery at term were studied. These findings were contrasted with the findings on 150 primiparous parturients who were 20 years of age and older at term.The mean age for the adolescents was 15.4 years and for the older group, 24.1. The most common indication for pelvimetry was suspected disproportion (A = 60.8 percent, O = 65.3 percent). Contrary to expectations, many similarities were noted in the women of both groups. Four of the six diameters compared were similar when adolescents were contrasted with older women. Both diameters of the inlet were smaller among the adolescents as contrasted with the older women, who had a higher proportion of larger than average diameters. The clinical implications of these findings are presented. PMID- 7120454 TI - Symptomatology of depression in black and white patients. AB - This study compares the symptoms of public mental health patients diagnosed as having a depressive disorder, and then relates its findings to the previous literature concerning black-white differences in mental illness. Results of this study corroborate previous observations that a somewhat smaller proportion of black admissions than white admissions are diagnosed with a depressive disorder and that a higher proportion of black admissions are diagnosed with a schizophrenic disorder. Some black-white differences in depressive symptoms were corroborated-notably, slightly higher percentages of hostility, dangerousness, and somatic complaints in blacks-and these appeared to be independent of socio economic status. PMID- 7120455 TI - Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone in association with pulmonary carcinosarcoma. AB - A smoking patient presented with altered mental status, left sided weakness, and an opacity on the chest roentgenogram. During hospitalization he developed hyponatremia, which was corrected with hypertonic saline solution, fluid restriction, and demethylchlortetracycline. The clinical presentation and the laboratory findings supported the diagnosis of the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. This was believed to be associated with the pulmonary carcinosarcoma documented at necropsy. PMID- 7120457 TI - The impaired physician. PMID- 7120456 TI - Vitiligo associated with Kaposi's sarcoma. AB - A patient who had Kaposi's sarcoma and an associated vitiligo is reported. This is the first known case of Kaposi's sarcoma associated with vitiligo. PMID- 7120458 TI - The anatomy of hope. AB - Hope is commonly regarded as the feeling that what is desired is also possible. Today, the concensus is that this feeling can increase one's overall ability to cope with stress by reducing fears and anxieties. It is our assumption, therefore, that much of the illness of mankind can be eliminated by enhancing the hope of human individuals.To be able to enhance hope, one must first know what hope actually is and from where it comes by identifying its true determinants. We have, therefore, chosen the task of defining hope and attempting to dissect it into its relevant components so that this important health related property of the human individual may no longer remain in abstraction. This paper reports our approach to this task, the methods used, results obtained, and conclusions drawn. PMID- 7120460 TI - The black executive: a challenge for psychiatry. AB - The task of developing a body of knowledge about specific problems, both intrapsychic and psychosocial, which influence a black executive's maturation, must be initiated. There is currently a definite interest, among black executives, in obtaining access to appropriate psychotherapeutic intervention. A psychobiographical approach facilitates development of a construct for analysis of, and insight into, transference phenomena that translate into organization based behavioral responses to the black executive. Analysis of frequently encountered organizational ethos and also stimulus-response mechanisms in the black executive lead to formulation of viable conclusions for resolution of conflict. Modes of recognition of specific conflict with authority in the black executive psychotherapy patient include examination of (1) defense mechanisms frequently encountered in response to authority conflicts, (2) stated intentions of the patient in relation to career development, and (3) the affective stance of the patient. Psychobiographical issues very often have a direct developmental influence on black familial conceptualizations of authority. Childrearing practices and parentally based ego ideals and other aspects of development are linked to analogues in adult human behavior frequently observed among black executives. Suggestions for therapeutic directions involve affective and thematic strategies, all contingent upon a productive, informed, therapeutic effort. The therapeutic relationship is a most important element in the treatment strategy with the black executive. PMID- 7120459 TI - Increases in diagnostic yield of fiberoptic bronchoscopy by fluoroscopy. AB - Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed in 46 patients in the evaluation of pulmonary lesions. Twenty-five of the patients had lung cancer; the remainder had benign lesions. Definitive diagnosis was established in all patients by a combination of forceps biopsy, brush biopsy, bronchial aspiration, and post bronchoscopy sputum studies. All endoscopically visible lesions were diagnosed by forceps biopsy. Fluoroscopic localization of biopsy forceps and brush made the yield in peripheral, nonvisualized lesions almost equal to that of more central lesions. Fluoroscopic control markedly increases the diagnostic yield in fiberoptic bronchoscopy. PMID- 7120462 TI - Intraluminal radiation for esophageal cancer: a Howard University technique. AB - The objective of radiotherapeutic management in esophageal cancer is to accomplish maximum tumor sterilization with minimal normal tissue damage. This sincere effort is most often countered by the differential in tumor dose response vs normal tissue tolerance. Intraluminal isotope radiation, with its inherent advantage of rapid dose falloff, spares the lungs, the spinal cord, and other vital structures, yet yields adequately high doses to esophageal tumor. Though in existence since the turn of the century, the method of intracavitary radium bougie application dropped out of favor due to technical difficulties imposed by the size of the radium source and radiation exposure to the personnel involved. The authors describe a simple "iridium 192 afterloading intraluminal technique" that eliminates technical problems and reduces radiation exposure considerably. PMID- 7120461 TI - Rising lung cancer death rates among black men: the importance of occupation and social class. AB - From 1950 to 1977 the age-adjusted cancer death rates for nonwhite men in the United States rose an astonishing 63.2 percent, while rates for white men increased 22.2 percent and fell slightly for women of both races. The bulk of this increase can be accounted for by cancer of the lung. As a serious health problem that is increasing in severity, cancer in black men deserves close attention and definitive action. This discussion focuses on basic epidemiological relationships in the origins of this epidemic, particularly in regard to the relative importance of occupation, cigarette smoking, and social class. PMID- 7120463 TI - Value of X-ray pelvimetry in primiparas. II: influence on management of labor. AB - Despite its potential risks x-ray pelvimetry remains a common diagnostic procedure performed during labor. In order to determine whether x-ray pelvimetry measurements influence the outcome of labor (vaginal vs cesarean), 280 consecutive primiparous parturients were studied.Most parturients were black at term with a vertex presentation. Most pelvimetries were ordered for suspected cephalopelvic disproportion. Of the total number of parturients studied, 31.8 percent had cesarean deliveries, 85.4 percent of them because of CPD. The clinical characteristics compared were similar among the groups studied. X-ray pelvimetry values obtained by two techniques were similar to those previously reported. Although correlations between measurements and delivery route were noted, these values, by themselves, did not have a necessary correlation to the route of delivery in the majority of parturients studied.This finding, like others reported, emphasizes the need to abandon x-ray pelvimetry as a requirement for documenting contracted pelves before abdominal deliveries. CPD should be documented by evaluating the pelvis, quality of labor, and maternal-fetal well being by other appropriate, less risky means readily available. PMID- 7120464 TI - Polymicrobial genital gangrene (Fournier's gangrene): clinical, microbiologic, and therapeutic features. AB - The microbiologic and therapeutic aspects of polymicrobial genital gangrene (Fournier's gangrene) studied in nine patients are presented. Seven patients had both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria isolated from the site of infection; four had Bacteroides and two, Clostridia. Broad-spectrum penicillins such as ticarcillin, mezlocillin, and piperacillin, or combined clindamycin and gentamicin therapy were used. One patient died of fulminating infection and eight patients were cured of their infections. Anaerobic bacteria and appropriate antibiotic therapy should be considered in all patients with genital gangrene. PMID- 7120466 TI - Segmental ulcerative colitis: a case report and review of the literature. AB - Ulceractive colitis, a chronic diffuse inflammatory disease affecting the mucosa of the colon and rectum, is characterized by ulcerations with bleeding, mucosal crypt abscesses, and inflammatory pseudopolyps. Classically, it begins in the rectosigmoid but often extends to involve the entire colon. It is uncommon to find segmental involvement sparing the rectosigmoid.A case of segmental ulcerative colitis is presented with a brief comparison of segmental ulcerative colitis and segmental Crohn's colitis. PMID- 7120465 TI - Ileosigmoid volvulus and acute external hemorrhoids: a new entity? AB - An unusual association of small bowel volvulus and sigmoid volvulus occurring concurrently and causing gangrene in both organs is presented. The clinical and pathological correlations and surgical management of this rare entity are discussed. PMID- 7120467 TI - A study of bone density in black women with hip fractures. AB - Fracture of the hip in black women is not a common injury. The cause of this decreased incidence is commonly stated to be the relative increase in density of the bones in black women as compared with whites. To test this hypothesis we studied the x-rays of 101 black women who had hip fractures. We found that there was a decrease in the mineral content of bone as measured by the Singh Index. We also studied the degree of kyphosis and found that this was increased over a control group. This study does not refute the lower incidence of hip fracture in black women but simply points out that when these fractures do occur, they occur in osteopenic bone. PMID- 7120469 TI - Adult nephrotic syndrome and acquired coagulopathies: Hageman factor deficiency. AB - Analysis of tests of coagulation and fibrinolysis from 20 adult nephrotics prior to the onset of therapy disclosed that 40 percent had low factor XII levels. The mean factor XI was normal. The platelet count and fibrinogen concentration were elevated. The findings of this study on adults are similar to those of Honig and Lindley(21) in the nephrotic syndrome of childhood. Subjects with minimal change disease constituted a small (15 percent) but readily segregated subpopulation without evidence of fibrinolysis in association with low factor XII activity. Prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time corresponded in every instance with factor XII activities of <=30 percent. Lengthening of the one stage prothrombin time was not directly attributable to factor deficiencies. PMID- 7120468 TI - Insulin receptor characteristics of erythrocytes from human newborns. AB - Erythrocytes from human newborns were observed to have specific insulin receptors. The characteristics of these receptors were similar to those of the normal adult subjects. An observed slight increase in R(o) and a decrease in K(e) of insulin receptors in erythrocytes may be speculated to facilitate the transfer of insulin from the fetal erythrocytes to other rapidly growing fetal tissues at a rate faster than that present in the circulation of the adult subjects. PMID- 7120470 TI - Smoking cessation in the Chicago Coronary Prevention Evaluation Program. AB - Quit-rates for cigarette smokers in a lifestyle intervention program aimed at reducing coronary risk were 24 percent for all participants and 34 percent for non-dropouts. Recidivism remained very low during participation in the program. Half of the smokers who quit did so after being in the program more than two years. These data suggest that while engaging in an effort to make other changes in lifestyle, many smokers can be helped to quit. Sustained antismoking efforts in the clinical practice of medicine can be expected to share these same positive aspects. While mass public health programs to eliminate smoking and prevent young people from taking up the habit are being developed, health practitioners can make a significant contribution by including vigorous efforts at smoking cessation as part of routine practice. PMID- 7120472 TI - The relevance of occupational medicine. AB - As the burden-of-illness profile has shifted significantly in recent years, more attention is focused on occupational factors in disease, not only because of past developments and future aspects but mainly because of the numerous practical and theoretical implications and the involvement of many medical and social features. PMID- 7120471 TI - Glassy cell carcinoma of the cervix: report of three cases. AB - Glassy cell carcinoma is a poorly differentiated adenosquamous carcinoma of the cervix, hallmarked by aggressive behavior, occurrence in association with pregnancy, and a poor patient survival rate. Three of these very rare cervical, primary malignancies are reported. At the time of this writing, only one patient has survived. PMID- 7120474 TI - Mediastinal hyperfunctioning parathyroid adenoma. AB - A patient presented with peptic ulcer disease and nephrolithiasis. Laboratory investigation disclosed hyperparathyroidism and following neck exploration, hypercalcemia persisted. After two years' follow-up, a retroesophageal mass that proved to be a parathyroid adenoma was discovered. This case is presented to illustrate the unusual occurrence of a posterior mediastinal tumor and the difficulty in managing ectopic parathyroid adenomas. PMID- 7120473 TI - Melanoma in black patients. AB - Melanoma in black patients is uncommon but not rare. This paper reports six cases seen in one general surgeon's practice in Arkansas during a 14-year period. A review of the current literature regarding melanoma in blacks is given.Characteristically, melanoma in blacks is found on the soles of the feet, palms of the hands, or mucous membranes. The tumor has a deadly potential unless it is treated at an early stage; four of the patients reported have died of metastatic disease. A public health program is needed to make physicians and the public aware of the incidence and location of this tumor. PMID- 7120475 TI - Scrotal lymphedema praecox: disease and treatment. AB - Lymphedema of the scrotum and penis represents a debilitating but uncommon entity in countries spared of endemic filariasis. The clinical presentation and surgical management of one patient with idiopathic lymphedema praecox is discussed. A posterior based scrotal skin flap and a split thickness skin graft were used to reconstruct the scrotum and resurface the penis following radical excision of the edematous tissue. Limitation of the disease to the superficial tissues and relative sparing of the posterior scrotal skin represent the anatomic basis for success with this approach. The more deforming therapeutic alternative of excision of all lymphedematous tissue with transfer of the testes to the thigh and split thickness skin grafting to the exposed area would probably be best reserved for recurrence. PMID- 7120476 TI - Health care: lessons from China and Cuba. AB - Health has improved in Cuba and China during the past quarter of a century. Some of the improvements in health occurred as economic conditions improved in both countries, but there are other similarities of health care delivery in China and Cuba. Collective activity plays an important role in health care in both nations; both do health planning centrally, but local communities control the daily activities of the health services that they use. Techniques that have improved health in underdeveloped nations might be applied in underserved areas of the United States. PMID- 7120477 TI - Pulmonary function tests: a good measure? PMID- 7120478 TI - Hypertension: an update. AB - Current advances in hypertension are examined from the perspectives of both the individual patient and the community at large. Great progress has been made in the control of hypertension using a multipronged approach beginning with public and professional education. The recent nationwide fall in cardiovascular mortality is due at least in part to progress in hypertension control. There remain, however, segments of our population that are hard to reach and will continue to require community screening and special treatment programs. Governmental budgeting restraints should not be permitted to jeopardize our highly successful hypertension control and research programs. PMID- 7120480 TI - Psychotherapy: patient-therapist matching reconsidered. AB - The personality of the therapist does influence the psychotherapeutic process. Given that therapists are human, they do, in fact, bring into the encounter their moral and cultural, and sometimes even racial, attitudes in spite of efforts to maintain objectivity and neutrality. Ignoring the impact of the therapist-client, organismic variables may lead to spurious research findings and impractical interventions. Research and practical intervention, therefore, should be concerned with matching clients with the most appropriate therapist. PMID- 7120482 TI - Spontaneous pneumothorax from bronchogenic carcinoma. AB - Spontaneous pneumothorax secondary to bronchogenic carcinoma is an unusual occurrence. Reported here is a patient with adenocarcinoma of the lung whose presenting symptom was spontaneous pneumothorax. A brief review of the literature is presented. PMID- 7120479 TI - Disseminated intravascular coagulation involving the brain: a topographical study. AB - Histopathological study on 723 brains from routine necropsies was performed. Ten brains (1.38 percent) were found to have histological lesions of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) with multiple fresh fibrin and/or platelet thrombi in the cerebral microcirculation. Among them, premortem diagnosis was made in only one case, and only two cases also showed evidence of visceral involvement. Microthrombi were found most frequently in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamic region and in the cerebral white matter, brain stem, and cerebellum, in descending order. Neurological symptoms and signs, including lethargy, coma and seizure, were detected in all cases. The abnormal body temperature and/or urinary output observed in most patients appeared to be related to the frequent hypothalamic involvement by DIC. The exclusive or predominant involvement of the brain by multiple microthrombi may be considered as a localized form of DIC. It is probably related to cerebral ischemia since severe acute neuronal ischemic changes also were noted in most brains. PMID- 7120481 TI - Gastrointestinal radiologic manifestations of proximal spinal muscular atrophy (Kugelberg-Welander syndrome). AB - Proximal spinal muscular atrophy (Kugelberg-Welander syndrome) is a degenerating disease of the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord with atrophy of the proximal muscles resembling muscular dystrophy. The patient in this report exhibits radiographic features in the gastrointestinal tract similar to those seen in the muscular dystrophies, including myotonic dystrophy. PMID- 7120483 TI - The black dermatologist: 1990--a viewpoint. AB - Despite equivalent training in dermatology and dermatologic surgery, in a traditional sense black dermatologists are overtrained in the area of cancer surgery by virtue of the nature of their black practices. I believe that the survival of black dermatologists in the United States will one day depend upon the adjunctive dermatoplastic skills that they must develop, not only to meet the increasing demand for these procedures by their patients, but to assure a broadening of their economic base to meet their white competition. PMID- 7120484 TI - NMA joins coalition to reduce infant mortality. PMID- 7120485 TI - Incest and child sexual abuse. AB - Child sexual abuse was examined nationally and in the Washington, DC and Howard University Hospital area. In an attempt to describe this widespread problem, two case histories are presented which reflect some of the typical characteristics of child sexual abuse cases seen at Howard University Hospital. Pertinent literature is reviewed citing the prevalence rates and the personality and environmental factors which may contribute to the sexual abuse of children in this country. Finally, the role of the physician in identifying and treating the physical and emotional effects of child abuse are discussed. PMID- 7120486 TI - Hepatic encephalopathy: a retrospective analysis. AB - A review of 34 patients was conducted to investigate the causes of hepatic encephalopathy. Hypokalemia, infection, and gastrointestinal tract bleeding were found to be the usual precipitating factors. Women are affected more commonly, and gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage is usually the terminal event. PMID- 7120487 TI - The use of irradiation therapy in the treatment of tumors of the rectum and rectosigmoid. AB - As a means of increasing local control and disease-free survival in patients with carcinoma of the rectum and rectosigmoid, preoperative and postoperative irradiation therapy have been shown to be effective. The question of the sequence of delivering adjuvant radiation therapy is not settled; however, the benefits and deficits of irradiation therapy as an adjuvant to surgery preoperative or post-operative are reviewed. Basic principles of radiation oncology affecting the selection of the sequence and technique of treatment are discussed. PMID- 7120488 TI - Hepatic resection in primary liver carcinoma: prolonged survival in two Nigerian patients. AB - Two Nigerian patients with primary liver carcinoma (PLC) who had wedge resection with prolonged survival are described. The localization of their tumors to the right hepatic lobe and their polypoidal nature were favorable factors that allowed early detection and treatment.The surgical treatment of PLC is reviewed. It is suggested that suitable African patients with PLC be offered resection as a modality of treatment coupled with adequate follow-up to detect and deal with recurrence early. PMID- 7120489 TI - The clinical picture of mania in manic-depressive black patients. AB - Recent studies have shown that misdiagnosis of manic-depressive illness among blacks is a frequent occurrence. There are a number of historical and institutional dynamics involved in this process that have the roots of racism as their foundation. In light of this the authors decided to look at the clinical symptoms and behaviors of manic-depressive illness among black patients to see if their interpretation might be another contributing factor in misdiagnosis.The authors found the clinical symptoms of manic-depressive illness in black patients to be essentially what one would expect as determined by criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM III). However, there were cultural and socioeconomic determinants of behavior that affected the clinical manifestations. PMID- 7120490 TI - Biliary obstruction due to xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. AB - Presented here is an unusual case of extrinsic biliary obstruction due to a mass caused by xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, in itself a rare disease, of the right kidney. This phenomenon has not been described previously in the literature, and it should be brought to the attention of practitioners as another possible cause of biliary disease. PMID- 7120491 TI - Papillary eccrine adenoma. AB - This benign tumor derived from eccrine sweat glands is usually found on the distal extremities. It is related to a syringoma and must be distinguished from a sweat gland carcinoma. It occurs most often in black patients. Complete surgical excision is the treatment. PMID- 7120493 TI - Predictors of performance of minority students in the first two years of a BA/MD program. AB - This study examines cognitive and noncognitive selection variables as predictors of multiple criteria of performance for minority and nonminority students entering the University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine between 1972 and 1977. Data analysis aims at identifying characteristics associated with success in the crucial first two years of the combined BA/MD program. Pearson product moment correlations and multiple regression equations have been determined for all selection variables and three criteria measures. A number of nontraditional variables are significantly predictive of minority student performance. The cognitive variables of aptitude test and high school science/mathematics preparation are significant predictors of all three performance measures in both racial groups. The data support the position that separate equations are not necessary to predict performance of minority and nonminority students, but that admission committees, when selecting minority students, should recognize both personal attributes and academic preparation as indicators of potential success or failure. PMID- 7120492 TI - Physician manpower needs of the nation: position paper of the Surgical Section of the National Medical Association. PMID- 7120494 TI - Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix in black females. AB - Twenty-eight black females with clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix have been accessioned in the Registry for Research on Hormonal Transplacental Carcinogenesis. Most were born in the southern United States and histories of prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol were less frequent than with white patients. The characteristics of these cases were similar to those among whites in stage, variety of cell type, and patient survival. PMID- 7120495 TI - The role of the radiologist on the child abuse team. AB - Physicians in most jurisdictions are mandated to report all suspected cases of child abuse to the appropriate authorities. Often in a position to initially suspect child abuse, the radiologist must be aware of the roentgenographic manifestations of the various forms of child abuse. In recognition of the difficulty for an individual to maintain expertise in all aspects of child abuse, multidisciplinary teams have evolved to share responsibility in the diagnosis and treatment of child abuse as well as aid in prosecution of the perpetrator and in family therapy when applicable. PMID- 7120496 TI - Alcoholism in black Vietnam veterans: symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. AB - A definitive diagnosis of a posttraumatic stress disorder in black Vietnam veterans can be made when recognition is given, not only to the stressors of war but to racism. An aftermath of the war for black veterans has been an alarming increase in alcoholism, believed to be an attempt to reduce feeling of inadequacy, pessimism, and uncontrollable rage.Two cases are described that are illustrative of the posttraumatic stress disorder and alcoholism in black Vietnam veterans. A brief discussion of salient issues that are crucial to diagnosis and treatment is presented. PMID- 7120497 TI - Accidental overdose intoxication: a hazard of drug smuggling. AB - Three patients involved in illicit drug smuggling via the swallowing of high dose, high purity drugs packed in multiple condoms are reported. Two of these patients experienced drug overdose symptoms due to leakage or rupture of the condoms in the GI tract. They were treated successfully. PMID- 7120498 TI - Management of intraepithelial neoplasia of the uterine cervix in the black population. AB - The records of 2,277 patients referred to the Colposcopy Clinic at Cook County Hospital were reviewed, and those of 1,328 black patients who had a histological diagnosis of dysplasia or carcinoma in situ of the cervix were chosen for this study.Treatment modalities of intraepithelial cervical neoplasia are discussed and the conservative management of young patients is emphasized. Because of the effectiveness of outpatient management in cervical preinvasive lesions, health providers should make every attempt to motivate people particularly those at high risk, ie, black women, to undertake preventive measures. PMID- 7120499 TI - Today's challenges in psychiatry. PMID- 7120500 TI - Complementary tube cecostomy in the management of strangulated right Richter's inguinal hernia of the cecum. AB - Strangulated right Richter's inguinal hernia of the cecum is relatively rare. A case of this unusual hernia was successfully managed with a wedge resection and closure of the infarcted bowel wall in conjunction with complementary tube cecostomy. The procedure is easy to perform and relatively safe and is therefore recommended for use in selected cases of Richter's hernia of the cecum. PMID- 7120501 TI - Narcolepsy with concomitant features of obstructive sleep apnea. AB - A 17-year-old man presented with daytime sleepiness, episodic attacks of sleep and probable cataplexy. His EEG showed rapid eye movements and central sawtooth waves at sleep onset, and supported the clinical impression of narcolepsy. He improved with methylphenidate but died suddenly, and had cardiomegaly, right ventricular enlargement, and pulmonary hypertension at autopsy. These findings suggested concomitant features of sleep apnea which were not evident by history or examination.Central apneas have been frequently described in the sleep of narcoleptic patients. Few patients have had indications of obstructive or mixed apneas. This patient's course suggests that ventilation during sleep should be included in the polygraphic assessment of patients with suspected narcolepsy, as the agents used for treatment of narcolepsy may aggravate the cardiac complications of sleep apnea. PMID- 7120502 TI - Intraoperative hypothermia in a patient with cold agglutinin disease. AB - A patient with cold agglutinin disease developed significant hemolysis after surgery because of intraoperative hypothermia. Convective heat losses from exposed viscera may be more significant than realized. A combination of cold induced shivering heat loss, cold fluids, and long operations in which large surfaces are exposed can cause cardiac arrhythmias. The elderly patient is particularly susceptible to cold exposure and its consequences during surgery. In this situation of a patient with cold agglutinins, and in others with anitbody related hemolytic disease, control of temperature during surgery is clearly very important. PMID- 7120503 TI - Effect of dose level and pregnancy on the distribution and toxicity of intravenous lead in rats. AB - Female Wistar rats were injected intravenously with tracer levels of 210Pb, alone or combined with carrier Pb(NO3)2 at 5 or 25 mg/kg body weight at 9 or 15 days of gestation (dg). Tissue 210Pb distribution and retention, and lead excretion, were measured several times during the first 30 h and at 20 dg. Toxic effects following the administration of 25 mg/kg (a teratogenic dose) included an early decrease in hematocrit, hematuria, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and diarrhea, as well as an eventual loss of body weight and an increase in spleen and kidney weights. The stage of pregnancy at injection did not affect the retention and distribution of lead in major organs other than the reproductive system. Following injection of the 25-mg/kg dose, deposition of lead in the liver, kidney, spleen, and lung was elevated. Disproportionately high plasma lead levels were also observed at early times after the injection of the 25-mg/kg dose, and may act as a significant factor in placental lead transfer and subsequent malformations or fetal mortality. PMID- 7120504 TI - Distribution and effects of intravenous lead in the fetoplacental unit of the rat. AB - Lead metabolism was studied in the fetoplacental unit (FPU) of Wistar rats during the genesis of developmental abnormalities and embryonic death. Female rats were injected iv with tracer 210Pb(NO3)2, alone or in combination with 5 or 25 mg Pb(NO3)2/kg, at 9 or 15 days of gestation (dg). The distribution of lead and its effects were determined in the FPUs during the ensuing 30-h period and at 20 dg. Hemorrhage of the egg cylinder was noted as early as 6 h postinjection of 25 mg/kg at 9 dg. By 20 dg, fetuses exhibited characteristic stunting and external malformations (gastroschisis and severe skeletal defects). Administration of this dose at 15 dg produced petechial hemorrhage in fetal brain within 90 min; more massive hemorrhage was a consistent observation by 24 h. At 20 dg, embryo mortality was 44% in rats injected with 25 mg/kg at 9 dg and 100% in those injected at 15 dg. At 90 min after injection, lead content of 15-dg FPUs was 10 times that of the 9-dg FPUs, but the weights of the 15-dg FPUs were 16 times greater. Values remained relatively constant in 15-dg FPUs for 30 h, but early clearance was observed after injection at 9 dg, with a return to 90-min values by 20 dg. In the 15-dg FPUs, placental clearance was followed by fetal lead incorporation, which reached a maximum at 6 h. Fetal lead values were constant from 6 to 30 h after injection at tracer and 5-mg/kg dose levels, but values increased progressively at 25 mg/kg. Both temporal and quantitative relationships of fetal lead metabolism were disrupted by the 25-mg/kg dose, but the nature of the effect was determined by the stage of fetal development at exposure. PMID- 7120505 TI - Influence of spironolactone on cadmium-induced changes in hepatic and renal gluconeogenic enzymes in rats. AB - Serum glucose, serum protein, serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), and hepatic and renal gluconeogenic enzymes [pyruvate carboxylase (PC), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), fructose-1,6-diphosphatase (F-1,6-DPase), and glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase)] were determined in rats treated daily with cadmium alone (0.25 mg/kg X d, injected ip and in rats pretreated with spironolactone (50 mg/kg x d and 100 mg/kg X d, injected sc) prior to cadmium administration. Rats receiving no treatment, propylene glycol, or spironolactone (100 mg/kg X d, injected sc) were used as controls. The daily treatments were continued for an extended period of 90 d, and the rats were sacrificed at 30-, 60-, and 90-d intervals during the continuous daily treatment schedule. Cadmium treatment significantly increased the amount of serum protein, glucose, serum enzymes, and all the four key gluconeogenic enzymes as compared to controls. Pretreatment of rats with spironolactone 6 h prior to cadmium injection daily antagonized the cadmium effect of the above parameters. It appears from these results that spironolactone reduces the effects of cadmium on the key gluconeogenic enzymes in rat kidney and liver. PMID- 7120506 TI - Scaling toxicity from laboratory animals to people: an example with nitrogen dioxide. AB - Published data on the toxicity of nitrogen dioxide (as a model compound) from five laboratory animal species were utilized to scale the relationship of dose and toxic effect to the human species. A minute volume of inspired air was used as a metabolic scaling factor, predicting a median lethality during the time of exposure of 174 ppm NO2 for a 1-h exposure for people. This work demonstrates a method of predicting effects in people when only data for laboratory animals exist. It also shows the value of planning toxicology studies that utilize several animal species, so that their data may be applied to forecasting the human condition. PMID- 7120507 TI - National Cooperative Gallstone Study: nonprimate toxicology of chenodeoxycholic acid. AB - A program involving acute, subacute, and chronic toxicity as well as reproduction studies was performed to evaluate the potential toxicity of chenodeoxycholic acid in rats, hamsters, and dogs. Acute oral toxicity studies showed that there were some species differences and that female hamsters were more sensitive to toxic doses than male hamsters. Subacute and chronic studies in hamsters showed the toxicity to be limited to effects on the liver, including proliferation of intrahepatic bile ducts in portal areas with elevations of serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase. No tumorigenic effect was observed. A series of reproduction studies showed no adverse effect on fertility, gestation, live birth indices, or skeletal or visceral development of fetuses. A dominant lethal study detected no biologically significant increases in proportions of embryo deaths. The changes in the animals were rather similar bile duct reduplications. The data suggest that at high doses in sensitive animals inflammation and scarring may develop. No other significant organ pathology was observed. The mechanism of toxicity of chenodeoxycholic acid remains speculative. Some chenodeoxycholic acid may be converted to lithocholic acid by bacteria in the large bowel. The lithocholic acid may be resorbed and cause lesions such as bile duct proliferation. This liver toxicity might not be expected in humans since lithocholic acid is sulfated to a large extent. PMID- 7120508 TI - Effects of inhalation exposure to hexachlorocyclopentadiene on rats and monkeys. AB - Hexachlorocyclopentadiene (Hex or C-56) is a highly reactive intermediate used in the production of some insecticides, flame retardants, and resins. The present study was conducted to evaluate the inhalation toxicity of high-purity Hex (97.7%) in rats and monkeys to provide information on the potential hazards of accidental exposure of workers to Hex vapors. Acute, range-finding (14-d), and subchronic (90-d) inhalation studies were conducted with Sprague-Dawley rats and subchronic (90-d) inhalation studies were conducted with cynomolgus monkeys. Both acute and range-finding studies with rats showed a steep dose-response curve, and male rats were more sensitive than females. In the range-finding study with rats the threshold of toxicity for Hex was 0.11-0.5 ppm. Histopathologic examination on rats in the 0.5 ppm group revealed lesions in the olfactory and bronchiolar epithelium and inflammatory exudate in the lumens of the respiratory tract; these changes were consistent with observed impaired respiratory function, confirming the lung as the main target organ. Recovery and regression of lung lesions in rats were noted 2-3 wk after termination of exposure. In the 90-d study, inhalation of Hex vapors at concentrations up to 0.2 ppm for 6 h/d, 5 d/wk, produced no detectable physical or clinical effect and no remarkable gross or histological alterations in rats or monkeys. PMID- 7120509 TI - Role of biotransformation in the potentiation of halocarbon hepatotoxicity by 2,5 hexanedione. AB - 2,5-Hexanedione (2,5-HD) pretreatment potentiated CHCl3-induced hepatotoxicity. 2,5-HD significantly increased hepatic cytochrome P-450, NADPH cytochrome c reductase, aniline hydroxylation, p-nitroanisole O-demethylation, and aminopyrine N-demethylation in both male and female mice. 2,5-HD pretreatment potentiated CHCl3-induced centrilobular necrosis and increased serum alanine amino transferase (ALT) activity by 20 times more than CHCl3 alone. Similarly, 2,5-HD pretreatment potentiated CDCl3-induced hepatotoxicity as well as CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in male mice, but did not potentiate trichloroethylene-, 1,1,2 trichloroethane-, or perchloroethylene-induced hepatotoxicity. In female mice, 2,5-HD pretreatment potentiated CHCl3- and CDCl3-induced hepatotoxicity as well as trichloroethylene-, 1,1,2-trichloroethane-, and carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, but not perchloroethylene-induced hepatotoxicity. 2,5-HD pretreatment had no preferential effect on either CHCl3- or CDCl3-induced hepatotoxicity in females. However, phenobarbital pretreatment did differentiate CHCl3- and CDCl3-induced hepatotoxicity in females. 2,5-HD-induced potentiation of halocarbon hepatotoxicity is sex dependent. PMID- 7120510 TI - Effects of 1,1,1-trichloroethane on a match-to-sample discrimination task in the baboon. AB - 1,1,1-trichloroethane was evaluated for its effects on the delayed match-to sample discrimination task in juvenile baboons. Acute 4-h exposures to 700, 1400, 1800, and 2100 ppm were conducted no more frequently than once a week. Three months later a subchronic exposure to 1200 ppm was conducted over a 7-d period in the same animals. The effects on accuracy of responding were minimal; however, 1,1,1-trichloroethane reduced the number of trials attempted by the animals, reduced the number of extra inconsequential responses during the delay intervals, and increased reaction times. The findings of these experiments illustrate the usefulness of the young baboon as a primate human surrogate model for testing this type of central nervous system depressant. PMID- 7120511 TI - Age-dependent pulmonary response of rats to ozone exposure. AB - The influence of age on O3 effects in the lung was studied in 8 groups of Sprague Dawley rats: 7, 12, and 18 d of age (neonatal); 24, 30, and 45 d of age (infant); and 60 and 90 d of age (adult). Lung weight, total lung protein and DNA contents, and a series of marker enzyme activities in lung tissue were determined. After exposure of rats from each group to 0.8 ppm (1568 microgram/m3) O3 continuously for 3 d, a biphasic effect was noted. The biochemical parameters, expressed per lung, in O3-exposed rats relative to their corresponding controls decreased in the 7- and 12-d-old groups, increased or remained unchanged in the 18-d-old group, and increased in the 24- to 90-d-old groups. However, the increases were much greater for 60- to 90-d-old rats than for 24- to 30-d-old rats. The increase in lung biochemical parameters is thought to occur in response to lung injury and subsequent repair processes, and greater increases in the lungs of older rats suggest that they are more responsive to O3 exposure than younger rats. The decrease in lung biochemical parameters and increased mortality in 7- and 24-d old neonatal rats suggest that they are more susceptible to O3 stress than infant and adult rats. PMID- 7120512 TI - Influence of ozone and nitrogen dioxide on hepatic microsomal enzymes in mice. AB - Since ambient concentrations of ozone and nitrogen dioxide increase drug-induced sleeping time in female mice, potential mechanisms were sought by investigating the effects of these gases on hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidases in female CD-1 mice. A 3-h exposure to 9800 microgram O3/m3 (5 ppm) or 9400 microgram NO2/m3 (5 ppm) did not change the concentration of cytochrome P-450 significantly. Aniline hydroxylase, but not aminopyrine N-demethylase or p nitroanisole O-demethylase, activities were increased following a 3-h exposure to 9400 microgram O3/m3 (5 ppm). Aniline hydroxylase activity was also increased after a 2-d (5 h/d) exposure to 1960 microgram O3/m3 (1 ppm). None of these enzyme activities were affected by a 3-h exposure to 9400 microgram NO2/m3 (5 ppm). In these studies, O3 sometimes increased wet liver weight, and thus additional experiments were conducted. A 5-h exposure to 1960 microgram O3/m3 (1 ppm) caused a lesser decrease in body weight than the decrease observed after a similar air exposure. Liver wet weights were elevated after O3 exposure. However, there were no significant changes in liver dry weight, liver dry-to-wet-weight ratio, or ratios of liver (wet or dry) weight to body weight. From these data, it is concluded that mechanisms other than those investigated are responsible for the effect of O3 and NO2 on drug-induced sleeping time. However, the activity of one mixed-function oxidase was slightly increased by O3, indicating a hitherto unrecognized systemic effect of O3 exposure. PMID- 7120513 TI - Comparison of pulmonary biochemical effects of low-level ozone exposure on mice and rats. AB - The biochemical effects of a 5-d continuous exposure to 0.45 ppm (882 microgram/m3) O3, were studied in the lungs of 2-mo-old male, specific-pathogen free mice (Swiss Webster) and three strains of rats (Long-Evans, Wistar, and Sprague-Dawley). The results, expressed per lung, indicated a general increase in lung weight, DNA and protein contents, oxygen consumption, sulfhydryl metabolism, and the activities of several NADP+-reducing enzymes for all exposed animals relative to their controls. When the increases in the two species (mice versus three strains of rats) were compared, the mice showed significantly higher increases than the rats in several parameters. The responses among the three strains of rats were variable, but the differences were not significant. These observations suggest that Swiss Webster mice may offer a more sensitive animal model than rats for studying the pulmonary effects of a given low-level O3 exposure. PMID- 7120514 TI - Hepatotoxicity of orally and intraperitoneally administered folpet in male rats. AB - An ip LD50 value (68 mg/kg) for folpet, a widely used fungicide, was determined using adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Next, the compound in sublethal doses was given to the animals orally as well as intraperitoneally (ip), and its effects on the levels of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes and serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT) were compared. An ip dose as small as 50 mg/kg was able to significantly alter the levels of these enzymes reflecting on liver damage, while an oral dose up to 10 times the ip dose did not have an appreciable effect on the enzymes and did not cause any visible toxic symptoms in the animals. In vitro incubation of folpet with rat liver microsomes with and without an NADPH generating system showed that the fungicide may not require metabolism to exert inhibitory effect on the microsomal enzymes. In fact, the data suggest that the parent compound or its nonenzymatic degradation product(s) caused destruction of microsomal cytochrome P-450 in vitro. However, this loss of the hemoprotein by folpet could be prevented by prior addition of reduced glutathione in the incubation media. PMID- 7120515 TI - Distribution and metabolism of 2,4-dichlorophenol in rats. AB - The metabolism and distribution of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) were studied in the rat after intravenous administration of 10 mg/kg. 2,4-DCP was determined by gas chromatography with an electron-capture detector. The highest concentration of 2,4-DCP was found in kidney, followed by liver, fat, and brain. 2,4-DCP is metabolized to glucuronide and other conjugates. The parent compound and its conjugates were rapidly eliminated from the body. The half-lives of 2,4-DCP and its conjugates in plasma, fat, brain, liver, and kidney ranged from 4 to 30 min. The volume of distribution of 2,4-DCP in plasma was 3.7 l/kg. Tissue/plasma ratios indicated that 2,4-DCP has a greater affinity for kidney. PMID- 7120517 TI - Disposition and excretion of chlorendic acid in Fischer 344 rats. AB - The absorption, distribution, and excretion of a highly chlorinated dicarboxylic acid, chlorendic acid, was studied in the male Fischer 344 rat. [14C]Chlorendic acid was absorbed after an oral dose of 7.7 mumol per kilogram of body weight. The distribution in various tissues was similar whether the treatment was by the oral or the intravenous route. The major site of [14C]chlorendic acid deposition was the liver, with smaller amounts found in the blood, muscle, skin, and kidneys. Chlorendic acid-derived radioactivity was excreted primarily through the bile and into the feces. The urine contained less than 6% of the total dose. Within 1 d, more than 75% of the total dose was excreted in the feces, primarily as metabolites. Radioactivity in the liver was also primarily metabolites of chlorendic acid. Thus, chlorendic acid was absorbed, metabolized, and excreted primarily in the feces as metabolites. The rapid metabolism and biliary excretion of chlorendic acid contrast with observations for the closely related lipophilic compounds aldrin and dieldrin. PMID- 7120516 TI - Subchronic inhalation toxicity of 1,3-dichloropropene/1,2-dichloropropane (D-D) in mice and rats. AB - Groups of 28 male and 28 female CD-1 mice and Fischer 344 rats were exposed to a mixture of 1,3-Dichloropropene and 1,2-Dichloropropane (D-D) vapors. Exposure concentrations were 0, 5 (4.7), 15 (14.4), or 50 (53.7) ppm, 6 h/d, 5 d/wk for 6 or 12 wk. The following parameters were evaluated: pharmacotoxic signs, body weights, hematology (HGB, HCT, RBC, WBC, and diff. leukocyte count), serum chemistry (BUN, GLU, ALB, GPT, and ALP), urinalysis, gross pathology, histopathology, organ weights, and organ weight/body weight ratios of brain, heart, liver, kidneys, testes or ovaries, and adrenals. The only exposure-related clinical effects observed were increased mean liver/body weight ratios of male rats and mean kidney/body weight ratios of female rats at the 50 ppm exposure level. Slight to moderate diffuse hepatocytic enlargement in 12 of 21 of the 50 ppm male mice after 12 wk exposure was the only compound-related histopathologic change present. PMID- 7120518 TI - Effects of tobacco smoke extracts on collagen biosynthesis by fibroblast cell cultures. PMID- 7120519 TI - Comparative effects of antioxidants on the toxicity of mixed pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Senecio jacobaea in mice. AB - The comparative effects of the antioxidants, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), ethoxyquin, and cysteine on pyrrolizidine-alkaloid-induced (PA-induced) lethality and acute hepatotoxicity were assessed in female mice. Diets containing 0.75% BHA, 0.25% ethoxyquin, or 1% cysteine were fed to mice for 10 d before the ip administration of mixed PAs from Senecio jacobaea (tansy ragwort), 280 mg/kg. Without the dietary antioxidants, the PAs produced 100% mortality in 24 h. The BHA and ethoxyquin diets were completely and partially protective, respectively, against the PA-induced lethality. The deaths were associated with severe hemorrhagic lesions in liver with or without hepatocytic necrosis. Both BHA and ethoxyquin significantly reduced the incidence of the hemorrhagic lesions but not the necrotic lesions in liver. Cysteine had no significant effect on either mortality or the liver lesions induced by the mixed PAs. These results suggest that dietary antioxidants have differential protective effects against lethality and acute hepatotoxicity induced by mixed PAs from tansy ragwort. PMID- 7120520 TI - DNA damage induced by auramine O in liver, kidney, and bone marrow of rats and mice, and in a human cell line (alkaline elution assay and SCE induction). AB - Auramine O has been reported to be carcinogenic in rats and mice. It has been reported as positive in some mutagenicity studies and negative in others. We have found that commercial auramine O is positive in inducing DNA damage in vivo in liver, kidney, and bone marrow cells. DNA damage was also induced after treatment in vitro of a human cell line. Commercial auramine O was also clearly positive for sister chromatid exchange (SCE) induction in vivo in bone marrow cells. Purified auramine was negative in terms of DNA damage and SCE induction. Our commercial auramine O had Michler's ketone as a major contaminant. This compound was capable of inducing both DNA fragmentation and an increase of SCE. PMID- 7120521 TI - Influence of dosage, consciousness, and nifedipine on the acute pressor response to intraperitoneally administered cadmium. AB - The acute pressor effect of intraperitoneally administered cadmium was explored over the dose range 0.015-2 mg/kg in both pentobarbital-anesthetized and conscious rats. The former first respondent at 0.031 mg/kg, and successive doublings of that dosage increased the highest pressures attained in a stepwise fashion until a dosage of 0.25 mg/kg, the maximally effective quantity, was reached. Arterial pressure did not rise in conscious rats until a dose of 1 mg/kg, which gave the maximum response within the range examined. Heart-rate changes with Cd were slight, and rarely significant at a given dosage, but pentobarbital invariably caused tachycardia. Anesthetized rats thus gave a graded response, while conscious animals reacted in an all-or-none fashion. The increased pressor responsiveness of rats under pentobarbital can not be ascribed to its cardiac parasympatholytic effects, since sensitivity was not conferred upon conscious rats when pretreated with atropine at a dose producing even greater tachycardia than that caused by pentobarbital. Nifedipine, which blocks calcium entry into smooth muscle cells, prevented the pressor response to cadmium when given as pretreatment and terminated an ongoing response when give intercurrently. Possible mechanisms to account for the observed behavior are considered. PMID- 7120523 TI - Hepatic gluconeogenic capability in sepsis is depressed before changes in oxidative capability. AB - Since plasma alanine concentrations are markedly elevated in late sepsis and alanine is an important gluconeogenic substrate, we investigated gluconeogenic activity in intra-abdominal sepsis. Sepsis in rats was produced by cecal ligation and puncture. After 17 to 21 hours (late sepsis, LS) livers from these and sham operated rats were isolated and perfused at constant flow with Krebs buffer in the presence or absence of 10 mM alanine. Various phenylephrine (PE) concentrations were also used to measure gluconeogenic response to alpha adrenergic stimulation. The results showed that glucose production from alanine by livers from LS rats was depressed in comparison to livers from sham rats (2.6 +/- 0.2 vs. 4.2 +/- 0.4 moles/gm/hr). Moreover, although livers from rats in LS responded to PE stimulation in a dose-dependent manner, the magnitude as well as the threshold of response was decreased in comparison to shams. In contrast to glucose production, VO2 of the sham and LS were not different under any conditions. Previous studies using lactate as a substrate, however, showed that both gluconeogenesis and oxidative responses were decreased in LS. Since hepatic gluconeogenic but not VO2 response was depressed with alanine, these results indicate that the decreased gluconeogenic capability precedes depressed oxidative capability in sepsis. PMID- 7120522 TI - Mutagenic and toxic activity of environmental effluents from underground coal gasification experiments. AB - Using bacterial bioassays, we have screened for the presence of mutagens and toxins in extracts from groundwater, and in tar from product gas, at the sites of two Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in situ experiments: Hoe Creek II and Hoe Creek III. The sites exhibited different potential biological hazards, suggesting that different gasification processes may represent different human health concerns. We found that mutagens are present in groundwater, persist for at least 2 yr after gasification has been terminated, and show a change in activity with time-possibly in parallel with changes in chemical composition. Preliminary evidence suggests that the mutagens in groundwater are quinoline and aniline derivatives, while the toxins in groundwater may be phenolic compounds. In tar from the product gas, the organic bases and neutrals were found to be genotoxic in both bacterial and mammalian cells; the neutral compounds appear to be the major mutagenic health hazards. Neutral compounds constitute most of the tar (85-97 wt%) and were mutagenic in both the bacterial and mammalian cell assays. Tar in the gas stream may be a problem for the aboveground environment if gas escapes through fractures in the overburden. Because it is mutagenic and induces chromosomal damage to mammalian cells, the tar may represent a disposal problem as well. However, it is difficult to assess tar quantitatively as a health hazard because its mutagenic activity is low, possibly due to contaminants in the neutral fraction that act to suppress mutagenicity. PMID- 7120524 TI - Liver adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in hypoxia and hemorrhagic shock. AB - Reduction of liver ATP in proportion to the severity of shock and hypoxia is well known. We have studied the interrelationships among arterial oxygenation, arterial pH, and liver ATP in experimental hypoxia and in hemorrhagic shock in rats. No significant correlation was found between liver ATP and arterial pH in both hemorrhagic shock and hypoxia and between liver ATP and arterial PO2 in hypoxia. Induction of experimental observations suggest that in this form of hemorrhagic shock, arterial pH may be a sensitive indicator of decreased hepatic perfusion and impaired liver ATP production. PMID- 7120526 TI - Failure of red blood cell transfusion to increase oxygen transport or mixed venous PO2 in injured patients. AB - Post-trauma patients have an oxygen consumption which is proportional to oxygen delivery, suggesting that tissue oxygen consumption is limited by diffusion. Transfusion of packed red blood cells (RBC), which increases the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood, would be expected to increase mixed venous PO2, thereby improving tissue oxygenation. However, the low P50 of stored blood may increase the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen and reduce oxygen consumption. To evaluate the net effect of these mechanisms, we studied hemodynamic and oxygen transport parameters before and after RBC transfusion in eight critically ill patients. Mixed venous O2 content was measured directly by fuel cell O2 analyzer, and standard P50 was calculated. Following transfusion of one unit of packed RBC which increased mean hemoglobin from 9.2 +/- 0.3 gm/dl to 10.1 +/- 0.3 gm/dl (p less than 0.01), there were no changes in oxygen delivery (490 +/- 80 ml/min/m2), oxygen consumption (210 +/- 30 ml/min/m2), or mixed venous PO/ (37 +/- 2 Torr). Cardiac index (4.1 +/- 0.71 L/min) decreased by 0.4 L/min/m2 (p less than 0.05). Standard P50 decreased by 4.2 +/- 2.4 Torr following transfusion of two units of RBC (p less than 0.05). Red blood cell transfusion thus failed to increase oxygen consumption in these patients, despite an increase in oxygen content. Thus, RBC transfusion may not improve tissue oxygenation. PMID- 7120525 TI - Red cell substitutes: hemoglobin solution or fluorocarbon? AB - Stroma-free hemoglobin (SFH) and Fluosol-DA (FL-DA) are the two acellular oxygen carriers that represent potential red cell substitutes. Although both can support life at zero hematocrit, their effectiveness as O2 carriers at intermediate hematocrits has been unclear. In the presence of red cells, the efficacy of an acellular O2 carrier can be assessed by its contribution to O2 delivery and O2 consumption. This study evaluated the efficacy of SFH and FL-DA in the presence of red cells at hematocrits less than or equal to 10%. The results illustrate that SFH and FL-DA do contribute to O2 delivery and O2 consumption in the presence of red cells. The data indicate that SFH and FL-DA are both effective acellular O2 carriers. PMID- 7120528 TI - Liver blood flow rate and glucose metabolism in hemorrhagic hypotension and shock. AB - Liver blood flow was measured in dogs using 133Xe clearance technique under control conditions and during various stages of hypotension and of hemorrhagic shock. Initial liver mean blood flow rate in all dogs combined are 101.9 +/- 11.5 ml/100 gm liver/min and was not significantly altered in the control group. Liver blood flow rate was reduced in the experimental group during hemorrhagic hypotension and shock and was correlated with the severity of the disease. Peripheral vasodilatation was observed in one subgroup of experimental animals while severe vasoconstriction was found in another subgroup. Glucose concentrations in the hepatic vein were significantly above that of arterial and portal venous blood; all experimental animals were hyperglycemic. The outflow of glucose from the liver was increased during shock in ten animals. It was, however, reduced in 17 animals. PMID- 7120529 TI - Trauma operating room in conjunction with an air ambulance system: indications, interventions, and outcomes. AB - We report a retrospective study of 198 trauma patients brought directly to a trauma operating room by an air ambulance system. Despite rapid transport, expert prehospital resuscitation, and the capability of early surgical intervention, the overall mortality was high (57%). There was no significant salvage of patients arriving without pulse, blood pressure or cardiac activity. Optimal trauma care failed to show encouraging results in this preselected group of patients with predominantly blunt and multisystem injury. The justification and cost effectiveness of this system of trauma care is discussed. PMID- 7120527 TI - Plasma amino acid concentrations during branched-chain amino acid infusions in stressed patients. AB - To determine the effect of infusing large quantities of BCAA on plasma amino acid concentrations, plasma amino acid profiles were measured in 18 stressed patients before and 48 to 96 hours after initiation of amino acid solutions enriched with or exclusively containing BCAA (15.6+, 50%, 100%). Plasma concentrations of BCAA were elevated in the 100% and 50% BCAA groups, but not in the 15.6% group. Methionine, glycine, and phenylalanine concentrations were increased in the 15.6% BCAA group: methionine and glycine were decreased in the 100% BCAA groups. In the 50% BCAA group, nonbranched-chain amino acids maintained baseline concentrations. The 50% solution best preserved nitrogen balance of the BCAA solutions. The plasma amino acid profiles of patients with maple syrup urine disease (BCAA levels 5 to 10 times normal) were compared to our patients receiving BCAA enriched solutions. Although plasma BCAA levels were elevated in our patients, allo-isoleucine, alanine, and glutamine concentrations were normal; the amino acid abnormalities of maple syrup urine disease were not observed. PMID- 7120530 TI - Traumatic head injury and pulmonary damage. AB - Head-injury victims may develop pulmonary complications such as hemorrhagic edema, congestion, and hyperemia. In the present experiments we examined changes in lung surface tension, cholesterol, and phospholipids of alveolar lavage recovered from cats experimentally exposed to a sudden lethal blow to the occiput by captive bolt. Minimum surface tension and cholesterol from traumatized cats which developed convulsive seizures immediately after the blow were more than doubled while no change was seen in traumatized cats without seizures. Total phospholipids and disaturated phosphatidyl choline in either group were not increased over control levels. However, the ratio of cholesterol to total phospholipids increased significantly in traumatized cats with seizures, but did not increase in the cats without seizures. Lung wash protein was higher than in controls in both groups of traumatized cats. This work suggests that at least part of the pulmonary changes following this mechanical head injury may be mediated through a change in the alveolar surface lining. PMID- 7120531 TI - The anemia of thermal injury: studies of erythropoiesis in vitro. AB - Anemia is invariably seen in patients who have been severely burned, and a number of factors have been implicated in its etiology. Prior studies have suggested that a depressed rate of erythropoiesis is involved. In order to study this, we evaluated the effect of serum from burned patients on red cell and white cell colony growth in vitro. We found that these sera were capable of inhibiting red cell, but not white cell, colony growth. Additional experiments indicated that this was related to the presence of some substance in the burned serum rather than the absence of a factor required for colony formation. Further studies, including review of clinical data, suggested that this effect was not due to topical medications nor to episodes of bacterial sepsis. Serial studies showed that inhibition was often not present in the immediate postburn period but developed gradually, reaching maximum intensity approximately 20 to 30 days following the burn and then returning toward normal as patients healed their injury. Our studies permit the hypothesis that inhibition of erythropoiesis plays a role in the pathogenesis of the anemia of thermal injury. PMID- 7120532 TI - Percutaneous infraclavicular subclavian vein catheterization in shocked patients: a prospective study in 172 patients. AB - To assess the safety and efficacy of percutaneous infraclavicular subclavian venipuncture in shocked patients 172 consecutive cases were prospectively studied. Catheterization was successful in 163 patients (94.7%); in 119 (69.2%) of these only one attempt was required. Failure was encountered in nine cases (5.2%). There were nine (5.2%) serious complications, four requiring active treatment. Procedure-related mortality was nil. Extrathoracic placement of the catheter tip was detected on routine check chest X-ray in 24 cases (14.8%). Staff relatively inexperienced in the technique contributed eight of the nine complications and six of the nine failures. This study supports the concept that percutaneous infraclavicular subclavian catheterization in shocked patients is a relatively safe technique providing rapid access to a central vein. PMID- 7120534 TI - Post-traumatic cyst of the liver found on CT scan--a new concept. AB - Six patients with traumatic cyst of liver are reported. Among them three patients without clinical manifestation had cysts detected by followup study with CT scan, which has been routinely performed since 1978 in 14 patients with blunt injuries of liver. Two cases of spontaneous cure of traumatic cyst are also reported. There was no relationship between the severity of the injury and cyst formation. Clinical signs, such as abdominal pain, tenderness, or distention were observed in only two of the six patients. We consider, therefore, that traumatic cysts of liver may occur much oftener than has been commonly accepted and that most of them may cure spontaneously. Elevation of alkaline phosphatase later after injury may suggest expansion of the cyst. In such cases CT examination is mandatory. PMID- 7120533 TI - The treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures using a sliding screw medial displacement technique. AB - A consecutive series of 61 unstable intertrochanteric fractures internally stabilized with a compression hip screw utilizing a medial displacement technique at a teaching institution is reviewed. Of the 50 fractures with adequate followup, osseous union occurred in 48. There were two cases of mechanical failure and two deep wound infections. Average limb shortening was 1.8 cm. The 6 week mortality rate was 6%. This experience suggests that this approach carries a low incidence of mechanical failure, acceptable morbidity and mortality rates, and no excessive shortening. PMID- 7120536 TI - Cellular pathology of a granulosis virus infection. PMID- 7120535 TI - Ultrastructural changes in mouse liver cells: a morphometric study on the influence of morphine, heroin, and cardiostenol. PMID- 7120538 TI - On zipper-lines or particle arrays within the plasma membrane of hemipteran spermatozoa (Heteroptera, Insecta). PMID- 7120537 TI - Hatching in teleostean fishes: fine structural changes in the egg envelope during enzymatic breakdown in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 7120541 TI - The cytology of cuticle scale pattern formation in the wool follicle. PMID- 7120539 TI - Tubular aggregates in the nonpigmented epithelial cells of the ciliary body of the rhesus monkey. PMID- 7120542 TI - Testosterone-induced changes in nuclear pore complex number of prostatic nuclei from castrated rats. PMID- 7120540 TI - Pinocytosis in eyes of a snail, Helix aspersa. PMID- 7120543 TI - Preservation of medical professionalism. PMID- 7120544 TI - Clinical studies in acute pyelonephritis: is there a place for renal quantitative camera study? AB - We evaluated 27 patients with presumed acute pyelonephritis. The clinical criteria included flank pain, fever, bacteriuria and leukocytosis. When compared to excretory urograms renal scintillation camera studies confirmed the diagnosis in 19 patients, including 5 with normal excretory urograms, and disproved it in the remaining 8. This radionuclide study was found to be more precise. If the study is normal the diagnosis of pyelonephritis is excluded and further studies are not needed. PMID- 7120545 TI - Evaluation of renal injuries with computerized tomography. AB - To document the severity and degree of renal injury multiple studies may be necessary, including excretory urography, nephrotomography and arteriography. Even these extensive studies fail at times to provide sufficient information for treatment of the injury. The need for a more accurate noninvasive modality led us to investigate the use of computerized tomography. We used computerized tomography and excretory urography, and/or nephrotomography in 24 patients suspected of having major renal injury. Computerized tomography clearly separated minor injuries (superficial laceration) from major injuries (deep lacerations or laceration with extravasation). Computerized tomography demonstrated extravasation of opacified urine not noted on excretory urography in 5 cases. In all cases renal lacerations, and perirenal and intrarenal hematomas were defined clearly on computerized tomography. Computerized tomography provided information for proper management in all instances (18 nonsurgical and 6 surgical procedures) and all computerized tomography findings were confirmed at operation. Concomitantly, computerized tomography detected liver, spleen or pancreas injuries in 4 patients. Computerized tomography provides a highly sensitive and accurate method to evaluate renal trauma, which allows the surgeon to make a confident choice of treatment. PMID- 7120548 TI - In search of the ideal method of urinary diversion. PMID- 7120547 TI - Urinary diversion via a continent ileal reservoir: clinical results in 12 patients. AB - Urinary diversion via a continent ileal reservoir has been performed in 12 patients. An isolated ileal reservoir was constructed using the technique described for patients with a continent ileostomy. The ureters were implanted into an afferent segment provided with a reflux-preventing nipple valve. There were few operative complications and no operative mortality. Late complications involving malfunction of the nipple valves occurred in 8 patients and were corrected surgically. Postoperative followup presently is between 9 months and 6 1/2 years. Two patients have died: 1 in an accident and 1 of metastatic bladder carcinoma. The remaining 10 patients are continent and without reflux to the upper urinary tract. The reservoir generally is emptied by intermittent self catheterization between 3 to 6 times daily. The volume capacity of the reservoir is more than 500 ml. Urinary cultures have been constantly negative in 7 patients and the contents of the reservoir more or less permanently contained bacteria in 5. Dilatation of the upper urinary tracts, progressive renal deterioration or metabolic disturbances have not been encountered. All patients are satisfied with this type of urinary diversion, especially those who have undergone other types of diversion previously. PMID- 7120546 TI - Transverse colon conduit: a method of urinary diversion after pelvic irradiation. AB - Patients with pelvic malignancies often require irradiation as part of the treatment protocol or as definitive treatment for the malignancy. Subsequent urinary diversion with the low lying small bowel or the descending colon often results in increased morbidity. Therefore, a method of urinary diversion using the transverse colon conduit in an end-to-end ureterocolic anastomosis as described by Wallace was used. Several advantages with this method are identifiable easily and are described. The satisfactory results in the last 30 patients who underwent this procedure after pelvic irradiation are presented. The ureterocolic anastomosis with reflux is of particular importance since it allows retrograde conduitograms to be performed at later dates to evaluate the urothelium for possible recurrent disease. PMID- 7120550 TI - The surgical treatment of urge incontinence of urine. PMID- 7120549 TI - Clean intermittent catheterization for spinal cord injury patients. AB - Charts were reviewed retrospectively for 65 patients with traumatic spinal cord injury discharged from the hospital between 1972 and 1977 on clean intermittent catheterization for management of neurogenic bladders. While 54 patients were still using clean intermittent catheterization 9 had discontinued its use and 2 were lost to followup. Complete urologic followup records were available for 28 long-term clean intermittent catheterization users, with an average followup of 3.7 years. Complications seen in this group included nephrolithiasis-3 cases, cystolithiasis--3, epididymitis--4 and urinary tract infection--12. No patient had hydronephrosis or radiographic pyelonephritis. Clean intermittent catheterization appears to be a safe and satisfactory alternative for long-term management of the neurogenic bladder of selected spinal cord injury patients, since the incidence of serious renal complications is low. Factors that should be considered before long-term clean intermittent catheterization is recommended include type of neurogenic bladder, prognosis for recovery, incontinence despite medication, history of urethral trauma, host resistance, physical independence in self-catheterization, compliance and patient preference. PMID- 7120551 TI - The management of severe urinary incontinence in patients with myelodysplasia by implantation of the AS 791/792 urinary sphincter device. PMID- 7120553 TI - Improved mechanical survival with revised model inflatable penile prosthesis using rear-tip extenders. PMID- 7120552 TI - The role of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory in evaluation of erectile dysfunction. PMID- 7120554 TI - Impotence following radical prostatectomy: insight into etiology and prevention. PMID- 7120555 TI - Relationship between grade and stage of adenocarcinoma of the prostate and regional pelvic lymph node metastases. AB - The relationship of grade and local tumor extent to pelvic nodal involvement was assessed surgically in 469 patients who underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy and radical retropubic prostatectomy for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Grade and local stage alone and combined score were associated in a linear fashion with nodal involvement. Gleason sum and Mayo grade alone were not predictive of nodal metastases. Some patients with a Gleason score of 4 had positive nodes and some with a score of 8 to 10 had negative nodes. Mayo sum (grade plus stage) consistently was related to negative nodal involvement. PMID- 7120556 TI - Conservative treatment of cystine calculi: effect of oral alpha mercaptopropionylglycine on cystine stone dissolution and on prevention of stone recurrence. PMID- 7120558 TI - Voiding characteristics of patients with outflow obstruction. PMID- 7120557 TI - Clinical study on occupational uroepithelial cancer in Wakayama City. PMID- 7120559 TI - Neurourologic abnormalities in multiple sclerosis. AB - Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, often producing abnormalities in sexual function and urinary control. Eighty-six patients with this disorder were referred to our neurourologic facilities for evaluation (45 women and 41 men). Symptomatic voiding dysfunction was present in 84 patients (97 per cent). Sexual dysfunction was present in 29 of the 41 men (71 per cent). Neurourologic evaluation was performed by rapid-fill carbon dioxide cystometry and perineal floor needle electromyography. Several neurourologic patterns were identified in multiple sclerosis patients: the most common cystometry pattern was detrusor hyperreflexia (76 per cent) and the most common electromyography finding was vesico-sphincter dyssynergia (50 per cent). Voiding symptoms alone were not found to correlate with neurourologic findings. The presence of bilateral extensor plantar reflexes was found to indicate the possibility of vesico-sphincter dyssynergia. The addition of sacral-evoked responses to the neurourologic evaluation was useful in the identification and localization of occult sacral cord pathology and was of special significance to men with sexual dysfunction undergoing evaluation for neurogenic impotence. The combination of abnormal perineal electromyography, abnormal sacral latency and detrusor hyperreflexia was suggestive of multilevel spinal cord dysfunction and, possibly, has diagnostic as well as therapeutic significance. Neurourologic patterns were found to change in 4 of 9 patients re-evaluated because of symptom changes or poor treatment responses. Neurourologic testing in multiple sclerosis patients may be used to identify pathologic lesions, characterize sexual and voiding dysfunctions, corroborate neurologic diagnosis in doubtful cases and form a basis for rational treatment planning. PMID- 7120560 TI - Correlations between ancillary assays and bacteriuria in children with myelodysplasia and ileal conduit urinary diversions. AB - Urine from children with ileal conduit urinary diversions was assayed for antibody-coated bacteria, lysozyme and lactic dehydrogenase isoenzymes, and correlated with the results of quantitative urine culture. A significant proportion of the antibody-coated bacteria and lysozyme assays were positive when more than 10(4) organisms per ml. of urine were found. Lactic dehydrogenase isoenzyme results were frequently at variance with the other assay and culture results. Because none of the ancillary assays was invariably positive in patients with symptoms suggestive of upper tract disease, they remain imperfect research tools for localization of urinary tract infections in patients with ileal conduits. In this patient population quantitative urine culture remains the best clinical method for diagnosing urinary tract infections and evaluating the adequacy of antibiotic therapy. However, since the antibody-coated bacteria and lysozyme assays converted to negative with successful treatment, these tests may provide additional guidance to the physician in assessing the adequacy of treatment of urinary tract infections in patients with ileal conduit diversions. PMID- 7120561 TI - Clinical applications of nuclear cystography. AB - Nuclear cystography is a sensitive test for detection of vesicoureteral reflux. The value of this sensitivity has not always been appreciated fully. A significant degree of reflux that warrants surgical repair seems readily demonstrable by conventional x-ray methods. Our experience with x-ray and nuclear cystography illustrates the frequent inadequacies of the conventional x-ray study. In 15 of 86 patients reflux of significant clinical degree was demonstrated by the nuclear study alone. This information has proved valuable in the eventual management of these patients. PMID- 7120562 TI - Factitious dysuria in boys. PMID- 7120563 TI - Chordee without hypospadias in children. AB - We discuss 20 children who have undergone surgical correction of chordee without hypospadias. In 9 patients ventral curvature was demonstrated secondary to corporeal disproportion, 8 had chordee secondary to deficiency of the dartos fascia (skin chordee) and 3 had deficiency of the dartos and Buck's fasciae. Eight patients underwent excision of dorsal ellipses according to the Nesbit principle, 8 had lysis of the dartos fascia using the Allen-Spence technique, 2 underwent mobilization of the urethra with excision of underlying fibrous tissue and 2 had division of the urethra with a staged urethroplasty. The majority of cases of chordee without hypospadias are a result of anomalies of the tissue layers of the penis, and adequate straightening can be achieved by excision of underlying abnormal fascial tissue. All patients have achieved a satisfactory cosmetic and functional result with a straight penis and a urethral meatus positioned distally at the glans tip. PMID- 7120565 TI - Fluorescein delineation of the renal avascular plane: a case report. PMID- 7120564 TI - Clinicopathological conference: unilateral hydroureteronephrosis in asymptomatic woman. PMID- 7120567 TI - A case of bilateral renal oncocytoma. PMID- 7120566 TI - Anaerobic bacterial infection and xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: a case report. AB - A young man presented with a history of uncorrected ureteropelvic junction obstruction 18 months in duration and clinical acute pyelonephritis. Retrograde pyelography showed unilateral pyonephrosis and cultures of purulent drainage proximal to the ureteropelvic junction revealed predominantly anaerobic bacteria and no aerobic gram-negative bacilli. Subsequent nephrectomy established a diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Nephrectomy in combination with intensive antimicrobial therapy resulted in recovery. The contribution of anaerobic bacteria in the pathogenesis of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is unknown. Anaerobic culture of urine and excised tissue in these patients may be indicated. PMID- 7120568 TI - Preoperative diagnosis of coincident renal cell carcinoma and renal angiomyolipoma in nontuberous sclerosis. PMID- 7120570 TI - Single stage percutaneous nephroureterolithotomy using a special ultrasonically guided pyeloscope. PMID- 7120569 TI - Carcinosarcoma of the renal pelvis with extension into the renal vein and inferior vena cava. PMID- 7120571 TI - Appendico-ureterocutaneous fistula: report of a case. PMID- 7120572 TI - Microsurgical ureteroureterostomy in ureteral injuries. PMID- 7120573 TI - Dermoid ovarian cyst associated with Schistosoma mansoni granuloma perforating the bladder. PMID- 7120574 TI - Tensor fascia lata myocutaneous flap for coverage of skin defect after radical groin dissection for metastatic penile carcinoma. PMID- 7120575 TI - Horseshoe kidney in a patient with situs inversus totalis. PMID- 7120576 TI - Re: transcatheter embolization of advanced renal cell carcinoma with radioactive seeds. PMID- 7120577 TI - A special trocar for retrograde catheterization of the ureter following antireflux plasty by the Cohen technique of transverse advancement. PMID- 7120578 TI - Interstitial cystitis. PMID- 7120579 TI - Thermo-magnetic surgery for experimental renal cancer. AB - Thermo-magnetic surgery is an innovative modality in the treatment of malignancies. This unique combination can produce selectively controlled destruction of deep tumors. Heating of the magnetic metallic compounds of ferrosilicone by hysteresis produces temperatures which are incompatible with cancer cell survival. The intense focal heating causes a coagulation necrosis. Damage to surrounding normal tissue can be avoided by careful temperature monitoring and power control of the magnetic field. Cell destruction in the target tissue has been demonstrated by light and electron microscopy. Reproducible and predictable VX2 renal carcinomas in rabbits have been produced and used as the tumor model in the initial experiments of this research project. A clinical trial with selected cancer patients, performed with this technique of thermo-magnetic surgery, is now a reasonable and feasible procedure. PMID- 7120580 TI - A comparison of regional hypothermia and inosine in renal preservation. PMID- 7120581 TI - Rat bladder isograft model for focal carcinoma. AB - A model for focal bladder carcinoma in rats was developed with the use of an isograft technique. Bladder tumors developed by carcinogen induction with FANFT or MNU were grafted to bladders of syngeneic rats. Ninety-six per cent (56 our of 58) of the grafts were taken and 83 per cent (34 out of 41) of the grafted tumors remained neoplastic. Most of the grafts from FANFT-induced tumor remained localized at the original site whereas many from the MNU-induced tumor spread beyond the original graft area. The model system may be useful for the evaluation of chemotherapeutic agents as well as for the studies of basic mechanisms of tumor growth and spreading. PMID- 7120582 TI - A long-tunnel modification of the combined principle after Leadbetter and Clarke as true antireflux uretero-ileal anastomosis. AB - The aim of this study, involving 25 female mongrel dogs, was to develop a technique of ureteroileal anastomosis that would 1) avoid the danger of ureteric obstruction and urinary extravasation and 2) prevent reflux, even when exposed to extreme pressures. The combined principle, developed ny Leadbetter and Clarke, offers 3 theoretically possible modifications that were successively applied to the ileal conduit. The technically simplest one as described by Kelalis and the long-tunnel-modification of the Leadbetter-Clarke technique, resulted in ureteric obstruction and high-pressure reflux, respectively, in a high percentage. The last modification of the combined principle, not described before, allows the ureter to develop free peristalsis, covered by ileal mucosa only and unimpeded by any muscular tension. Twelve renal units implanted according to this last technique were fully protected from reflux when subjected to a pressure of 25 cm. of water. High-pressure reflux was observed in 2 renal units only. When these 12 renal units were compared with 12 renal units implanted into the same ileal conduit accordingly to Cordonnier, a statistically significant difference as to the pyelonephritic involvement of the corresponding kidneys could be established with preponderance to the inflammatory changes on the refluxing side (p less than 0.05). PMID- 7120584 TI - Medical school uncorks alcoholism education. PMID- 7120583 TI - Vesicoureteral reflux in the primate IV: does reflux harm the kidney? AB - It has been said that vesicoureteral reflux causes renal scarring because of intrarenal reflux. We studied reflux in the monkey because of its similarity to man, especially in regard to the incidence of vesicoureteral reflux and chronic pyelonephritis. High pressure moderate grade reflux was produced and renal function followed by means of quantitative renal camera studies using 131I hippuran. There was no change in renal function from sterile reflux even when intrarenal reflux occurred. When, however, infection was introduced, renal function decreased. We concluded that sterile moderate vesicoureteral or intrarenal reflux does not harm the kidney. PMID- 7120585 TI - Use of first names. PMID- 7120586 TI - Preemployment low-back x-ray films. PMID- 7120587 TI - Examination of the larynx. PMID- 7120588 TI - Preemployment medical examination. PMID- 7120589 TI - Distribution of physicians. PMID- 7120590 TI - Aspiration of food by psychiatric patients. PMID- 7120591 TI - Admission to medical school. PMID- 7120592 TI - Aseptic meningitis among members of a high school football team. An outbreak associated with echovirus 16 infection. AB - During the period Sept 1 through Oct 1, 1978, an outbreak of enteroviral illness affected 43 (70%) of the 61 members of a high school football team. Thirty-three (54%) had symptoms of aseptic meningitis, a diagnosis confirmed for each of seven players hospitalized. Echovirus 16 was recovered from a throat swab of one hospitalized player and from the CSF of another. Enteroviruses isolated from stool specimens taken after the illness from other ill players and from stool specimens of non-ill team members were also identified as echovirus 16. A survey among students not on the team showed an attack rate for enteroviral-like illness that was half that experienced by team members during the same period. Symptoms reported by nonteam members were less severe. Only 10% had an aseptic meningitis like syndrome, and none were hospitalized. Membership on the school football team was associated with an increased attack rate of illness and a greater risk for aseptic meningitis developing. PMID- 7120593 TI - Toxoplasmosis infection associated with raw goat's milk. AB - In October 1978, a large family cluster of acute toxoplasmosis was identified in northern California. Indirect fluorescent IgM antibody tests showed that ten of 24 members of an extended family had serological evidence of acute Toxoplasma infection. The index case had retinochoroiditis; the other nine persons had asymptomatic infections. All ten seropositive persons had recently consumed raw goat's milk from the family herd as compared with no consumption of raw milk by the 14 persons with negative results. No dietary item or other risk factors were as strongly associated with positive serological test results as raw milk consumption. Although ingestion of soil-transmitted oocysts could not be ruled out unequivocally as the source of infection, the data suggest that drinking raw milk from infected goats might be another possible vehicle for the transmission of toxoplasmosis. PMID- 7120596 TI - Heroic treatment for nonmalignant disease. PMID- 7120595 TI - Septic arthritis caused by Propionibacterium acnes. AB - The traditional view that Propionibacterium acnes is nonpathogenic for man, except as an agent associated with acne vulgaris, has been refuted. Propionibacterium acnes has been shown to cause endocarditis, meningitis, and other serious infections. We report a case of P acnes infection causing septic arthritis and contributing to a concurrent soft-tissue infection. This case supports and extends previous observations of the clinical importance of P acnes as a pathogen. A positive culture for P acnes cannot be uncritically dismissed as a bothersome contaminant without considering the clinical circumstances. PMID- 7120594 TI - Prothrombin antigen and coagulant activity in patients with liver disease. AB - Plasma levels of prothrombin immunoreactive protein (factor II antigen) (II-Ag) and coagulant activity (II-CA) were determined in eight patients with acute hepatitis and in 29 patients with chronic liver disease (cirrhosis). The II-CA was reduced in 23 (62%), II-Ag in 17 (46%), and both were reduced in 13 (36%) of the cases. A disproportionate reduction was noted in 21 (57%); ie, there was more II-Ag found in comparison to the corresponding level of II-Ca. Ninety-six percent (23) of 24 patients with moderate to severe hepatocellular disease showed reduced II-CA levels; 63% (15) showed reduced II-Ag levels, with a disproportionate reduction in II-CA in 67% (16). These data suggest that reduced synthesis as well as impaired carboxylation of prothrombin precursor protein are factors contributing to the coagulopathy in patients with moderate to severe liver disease and that measurement of circulating levels of II-Ag may provide an excellent indication of hepatic synthetic capacity. PMID- 7120598 TI - Psychological impact of two types of breast surgery. PMID- 7120600 TI - Hysteria and hysterical conversion reactions. PMID- 7120597 TI - A consumer's guide to computerized arrhythmia monitoring. PMID- 7120599 TI - The radiologist as a consultant. PMID- 7120601 TI - Swallowing medication. PMID- 7120602 TI - Propranolol during pregnancy. PMID- 7120603 TI - Medical considerations regarding flight crews. PMID- 7120604 TI - Malignant melanoma in black American and white American populations. A comparative review. AB - Malignant melanoma, a type of cancer that accounts for 1% to 3% of all malignant neoplasms in 20 times more frequent in the American white than black population. During a computer-aided retrospective chart review of more than 2,500 patients with melanoma being followed up at the Duke University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 31 blacks have been identified. Primary lesions of the foot were predominant in blacks with melanoma, and a high percentage of these were classified pathologically as acral lentiginous primary lesions. Black patients had a more advanced stage of disease at first presentation and a more deeply invasive primary lesion than their white counterparts. Five-year survival for the total black population was 23%. Blacks had a significantly worse prognosis than the white population when a comparison with the total group was made that was controlled for sex, age, site of primary lesion, stage of disease at presentation, and Clark level of primary melanoma lesion. This emphasizes the aggressive nature of this disease in the American black. PMID- 7120605 TI - The clinical significance of clindamycin-resistant Bacteroides fragilis. AB - The Bacteroides fragilis group of bacteria are the most numerous microorganisms in the colon and the most common anaerobic isolates from human infections. Although clindamycin hydrochloride is still considered the antibiotic of choice for treatment of infections with these bacteria, resistant strains are becoming more common. To determine the clinical significance of clindamycin-resistant bacteroides, we reviewed the charts of 14 patients with resistant isolates. Clindamycin resistance was a major factor in the clinical course of at least four patients. Three of these did not recover until they were treated with effective antimicrobials. Seven patients had been treated with either erythromycin or clindamycin before isolation of the resistant strain. These observations underscore the importance of antimicrobial sensitivity testing of the B fragilis group and of considering the possibility of resistance when patients infected with Bacteroides fail to respond to clindamycin treatment. PMID- 7120607 TI - Winiwarter-Buerger disease ('thromboangiitis obliterans') with cerebral involvement. AB - A patient with clinical and radiological manifestations o Winiwarter-Buerger disease ("thromboangiitis obliterans") in the extremities had three cerebrovascular events during a five-year follow-up. Changes of infarction were confirmed by computed tomographic brain scan and arteriography, but no clinical or laboratory evidence of vasculitis nor a source of recurrent emboli could be found. He had no atherosclerotic risk factors except being a heavy smoker. Cerebrovascular involvement in Buerger's disease is infrequent, but clinical and pathological demonstration has occasionally been found. The existence of Buerger's disease has been questioned, but there appears to be a distinct syndrome of vascular disease that is not atherosclerotic or vasculitic. Stroke maybe a component of this syndrome and may be a complication preventable by cessation of smoking. PMID- 7120606 TI - HLA-A2 and chronic lung disease in neonates. PMID- 7120608 TI - Aggressive phase of multiple myeloma with pulmonary cell infiltrates. PMID- 7120609 TI - Systemic Actinomyces infection. A potential complication of intrauterine contraceptive devices. PMID- 7120610 TI - Antidepressive drugs as a cause of death. PMID- 7120612 TI - Not one but four possible oral vaccines for cholera under study. PMID- 7120611 TI - The consensus development process for medical technologies: a cross-cultural comparison of Sweden and the United States. PMID- 7120614 TI - Yet another variation on surgery for obesity. PMID- 7120613 TI - Two children survive major small bowel loss. PMID- 7120615 TI - Animal forebrain lesions prevent hypertension. PMID- 7120616 TI - Utah group to implant 'Jarvik 7' heart soon. PMID- 7120618 TI - Risk of kidney stones. PMID- 7120619 TI - Possible tobramycin delirium. PMID- 7120620 TI - Family cancer syndrome. PMID- 7120621 TI - Visualization of cataract. PMID- 7120623 TI - Vincristine and platelet function. PMID- 7120622 TI - Oligoclonal banding in autoimmune optic neuritis. PMID- 7120624 TI - Limited joint mobility and retinopathy in juvenile diabetes. PMID- 7120625 TI - Screening for cognitive impairment. PMID- 7120617 TI - Colo-anal 'sleeve' spares patient with hemangioma from colostomy. PMID- 7120626 TI - Settlement of medical liability lawsuits without physician's consent. PMID- 7120627 TI - Previous hospital care as a risk factor for pneumonia. Implications for immunization with pneumococcal vaccine. AB - In the Oxford Record Linkage Study population in 1970, seven hundred ninety-three persons were hospitalized for or died as a result of pneumonia. Thirty-six percent who survived and 49% who died had been discharged from hospital within the previous five years. For the period 1963 through 1970, cohort analysis determined the probability of subsequent readmission and/or death caused by pneumonia within the next five years for patients discharged with any condition and with high-risk conditions only. From this analysis, it was estimated that pneumococcal immunization of relatively few discharged patients would prevent each subsequent readmission and death from pneumococcal pneumonia. These results suggest that, in addition to age and underlying medical condition, patterns of previous hospital care can be used to identify many persons at increased risk of developing pneumonia. If current patterns of previous hospital care are similar to those found in Oxfordshire, physicians should consider giving pneumococcal vaccine to patients who are discharged from hospitals. PMID- 7120628 TI - RBC zinc protoporphyrin to screen blood donors for iron deficiency anemia. AB - We evaluated a rapid RBC zinc protoporphyrin (ZP) test in 1,147 male and 615 female blood donors to study its value in screening for evolving iron deficiency anemia. Fifteen men (1.8%) and 32 women (7.9%) who returned to donate were found to be anemic. A matched sample analysis between anemic and nonanemic donors demonstrated significant differences in serum ferritin levels, percent iron saturation, and the RBC ZP level from samples collected during the initial evaluation. Red cell ZP correlated well with the natural logarithm of serum ferritin in both men and women who later became anemic. The predictive value of RBC ZP levels compared favorably with that of the serum ferritin level. We also observed a strong association between the yearly donation frequency and RBC ZP concentration. These findings indicate that predonation RBC ZP testing may be useful in screening for iron depletion and potential risk of anemia in blood donors. PMID- 7120629 TI - Injuries among wrestlers in school and college tournaments. AB - We studied four wrestling tournaments that totaled 1,049 participants of grade school, high school, and college age levels. Two clearly serious injuries occurred: a wrist fracture and an elbow dislocation. Knee and ankle sprains of mild to moderate severity were the most common diagnoses. No injuries to the pinna occurred probably because ear protectors were worn. Nine- to 14-year-old boys were injured least frequently (3.8%), partly because their matches were the shortest. The overall injury rate for high school and college wrestlers was 12.0%. Risk of injury did not vary with weight class or with successive matches. Thirty-nine percent of all injuries were because of aggravation of old injuries. Thus, rehabilitation after injury is believed to be an important preventive measure. These findings suggest that, although most injuries in wrestling are not severe, attendance at tournaments by medically trained personnel is warranted. PMID- 7120630 TI - The effect of starvation and repletion on plasma fibronectin in man. PMID- 7120631 TI - Anaphylaxis to a component of isoetharine (sodium bisulfite). PMID- 7120632 TI - Device gauges anesthetized patient's brain O2. PMID- 7120633 TI - 'Realities of medicine:' a week of the future. PMID- 7120634 TI - Recurrence after duodenal ulcer surgery. PMID- 7120635 TI - Implantable insulin infusion devices. PMID- 7120637 TI - Sickle cell anemia and iron deficiency. PMID- 7120636 TI - Malaria prophylaxis among American travelers. PMID- 7120638 TI - Early treatment of cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7120639 TI - "Cafe coronaries" in psychiatric patients. PMID- 7120640 TI - Anorectal cancer and homosexuality. PMID- 7120641 TI - Are spermicides teratogenic? AB - Recent evidence suggests that spermicides could be teratogenic. In this study, pregnant women provided data at their first prenatal visit on spermicide and other contraceptive exposures in each of the preceding 12 months. Data on malformations in their offspring were obtained by abstracting medical records. Among women practicing contraception before the last menstrual period but not after, the malformation rate in the offspring of spermicide users was no higher than in users of other methods. The same was true of women who continued to practice contraception after the last menstrual period. When malformations were examined by organ system and by individual defect, spermicide exposure again was not associated with an increased risk. Comparing spermicides by active ingredient with other methods of contraception revealed no increased risk of malformations for any compound. Controlling for age, time in pregnancy at which exposure data were collected, concentration of spermicides used, and other possible confounding factors did not alter the results. This study finds no association between maternal spermicide exposure before or after the last menstrual period and congenital malformations. PMID- 7120642 TI - The use of Doppler flow studies in the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis. Selection of temporal artery biopsy site is facilitated. AB - Sixty patients, for whom a diagnosis of giant cell arteritis (GCA) was clinically suspected, underwent Doppler study as a method of guiding temporal artery biopsy. In group A (23 patients with normal Doppler results), only one had a positive histological lesion. In group B (14 patients with discrete Doppler abnormalities), none had inflammatory lesions. Twelve of the 23 patients in group C (stenosis or thrombosis) had a biopsy result corresponding to GCA. Forty-three percent of the patients in group C had degenerative arterial lesions leading to a decrease in blood flow. There is a small probability, according to this preliminary study, of diagnosing GCA by artery biopsy even when findings from the ultrasonic examination are normal or only slightly irregular. However, a negative Doppler result should in no case exclude a biopsy if the clinical picture is suggestive. PMID- 7120643 TI - Hazards associated with diaper changing. AB - The incidence of exposure to poisons occurring in children during diaper changing was recorded during a three-month period. There were 138 cases, with 79% between the ages of 7 to 18 months; 42% of the poisonings occurred between 5 PM and 9 PM. Powders accounted for 47% of the exposures. Symptoms were mild and occurred most often with powders. During diaper changing, children are at increased risk of poisoning. PMID- 7120644 TI - Cardiac disorders in penicillin-induced anaphylaxis. Association with intravenous epinephrine therapy. AB - This report describes cardiac dysfunction in two patients experiencing penicillin induced anaphylaxis. Telemetric monitoring of the patients' ECGs initially disclosed sinus rhythm. Immediately after intravenous (IV) injections of epinephrine chloride, ventricular premature beats and apparent accelerated idioventricular rhythm occurred in one patient and possible ventricular tachycardia occurred in the other. These observations demonstrate the value of ECG monitoring of patients during anaphylaxis and emphasize the potential hazards of administering epinephrine by the IV route in this clinical setting. PMID- 7120645 TI - Vaccine requirements and recommendations for international travelers. PMID- 7120646 TI - Diapers and poisons. PMID- 7120648 TI - Non-invasive assessment of left ventricular function and prognosis in acute myocardial infarction--clinical significance of B-B' step of the mitral valve in M-mode echocardiography. AB - On 37 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), M-mode echocardiography was performed sequentially from the onset of the disease for more than 20 days in order to study the significance of a B-B' step of the anterior mitral valve in AMI. The following results were obtained: 1) A B-B' step was observed in 60% of the patients studied, and the incidence was higher in antero-septal than postero inferior infarction. 2) A B-B' step was especially noticed in the patients who had left ventricular failure. 3) The prognosis of the patients with a B-B' step was worse than that of the patients without it. A B-B' step, which either persisted for longer than 10 days of developed into a more definite form with the course of time, was a sign of an unfavorable prognosis. 4) The patients with a B B' step had higher mean pulmonary arterial pressure than the patients without it. These results suggest that serial observations of the B-B' step in patients with AMI were a useful means to evaluate the left ventricular function and to determine prognosis in this disorder. PMID- 7120647 TI - Nonneoplastic intracranial lesions simulating neoplasms on computed tomographic scan. Excellent sensitivity with limited specificity. PMID- 7120650 TI - Comparative study of effects of adrenaline, dobutamine and dopamine on systemic hemodynamics and renal blood flow in patients following open heart surgery. AB - In 10 patients following open heart surgery, adrenaline, dobutamine and dopamine were administered, and the changes in hemodynamic parameters and renal blood flow (RBF) were examined. RBF was determined by the local thermodilution method. Prior to the application of this method in clinical measurement, reliability of the method was checked using a model circuit. The correlation between the actual flow and flow obtained with this method was high (r = 0.999, p less than 0.005, n = 8). Reproducibility in repeated measurements was excellent, r = 0.997 (p less than 0.005, n = 8) in the model circuit and r = 0.985 (p less than 0.005, n = 89) in the clinical measurement. Adrenaline at rates of 0.02--0.08 microgram/kg/min showed a marked inotropic action without any significant change in RBF. With 0.04 microgram/kg/min of adrenaline, the RBF/CO (cardiac output) ratio declined significantly. We conclude that adrenaline is often effective in patients following open heart surgery, but renal vasoconstriction is the major disadvantage. After a 10-min administration of 2, 4 and 8 micrograms/kg/min of dobutamine, cardiac index (CI) and stroke volume index (SVI) showed a stepwise increase in accordance with an increase of dosage, and RBF also increased with CO. Consequently, no significant change in RBF/CO was found. Mean left atrial pressure (LAP) or mean pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP) decreased in 4 of 7 patients with 8.0 micrograms/kg/min of dobutamine. Thus, dobutamine is an excellent beta 1-adrenergic agonist with a weak alpha-action on both peripheral and renal vessels. With 2.0--2.5 micrograms/kg/min of dopamine, RBF increased by 15.5% (p less than 0.05). while no significant increase appeared in CI. With 4.0 micrograms/kg/min or more of dopamine, CI and SVI increased. With 16--20 micrograms/kg/min of dopamine, RBF increased by up to 44.8%. Significant increase of mean LAP or mean PAWP was observed with 8.0--10.0 micrograms/kg/min or more of dopamine. These findings indicate that the potential increase o LVEDP (left ventricular end-diastolic pressure) with 8--10 micrograms/kg/min or more of dopamine exerts a disadvantageous effect in patients following open heart surgery. However, the effect on the renal hemodynamics, especially with small doses of dopamine, is unique and not observed with adrenaline or dobutamine. PMID- 7120649 TI - Electrophysiological delineation of the specialized conduction system under cardiotomy and its clinical role. AB - Electrophysiological delineation of the specialized conduction system was performed under cardiotomy on 64 patients: 51 with ventricular septal defect (VSD), 11 with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and 2 with transposition of the great arteries (TGA, III). Some histological study was done for confirmation. In large VSD of type II or III, superficial location of the His bundle was shown by a tall H deflection recorded along the inferior rim, coinciding with a high incidence of conduction disturbance in this malformation. One characteristic in TOF was a deflection recorded along the posteroinferior rim rather exclusively on the left ventricular side, coinciding with the anatomic course of the His bundle. A deflection was frequently recorded at an area a few mm posterior to the muscle of Lancisi (ML) or the Lancisi equivalent structure (LES); it was relatively common in ordinary types of VSD, and presumed as the penetrating site of the right bundle branch (RBB) and/or near the bifurcated portion of the His bundle. The second portion of the RBB was not clearly delineated in general, particularly in TOF, but always found within the septomarginal trabecle when delineated. Our conclusion, together with histological study, was that one may use the ML or the LES as a rough marking for the course of the RBB. By this recognition, the surgically induced complete right bundle branch block has been diminished significantly. Variation of the course of conduction system as well as limits of this diagnostic measure are described herein. PMID- 7120651 TI - The significance of stenotic lesion in an unoccluded coronary artery. A manifestation of myocardial "ischemia at a distance" during acute coronary occlusion. AB - This study was undertaken to investigate the significance of stenotic lesion of an unoccluded vessel in a manifestation of myocardial "ischemia at a distance" during acute coronary occlusion. The left anterior descending artery (LAD) was ligated in dogs in which constriction of the circumflex artery (LCx) of different degrees was carried out beforehand. Ischemic changes were detected by epicardial and intramyocardial electrocardiograms. Systemic and coronary hemodynamics were monitored. In dogs without LCx constriction (Group-I) and those with LCx constriction of such a degree as to reduce the percent repayment of the blood flow debt to 150% (Group-II), the LAD-ligation produced no ischemic changes in the LCx area. In dogs with severe constriction of LCx such as eliminating reactive hyperemia (Group-III), an expansion of ischemic damage to the LCx area was observed. Ventricular fibrillation was observed more frequently in Group-III as compared to Group-I and Group-II. After LAD-ligation LCx blood flow was increased in Group-I and Group-II, but remained unchanged in Group-III. After LAD ligation, distal coronary perfusion pressure (DCPP) of LCx remained unchanged in Group-I, while further decrease of DCPP was observed in both Group-II and Group III. Some dogs in Group-III showed a sudden reduction of the flow associated with a decrease of DCPP after the ligation. These results show that hemodynamic changes, especially a sudden decrease in coronary perfusion pressure after LAD ligation, play a significant role in inducing ischemic changes in the area perfused by the unoccluded coronary artery with severe stenosis (LCx). PMID- 7120652 TI - Length-passive tension relationships in cerebral and peripheral arteries isolated from spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats. AB - The length-passive tension relationship was compared in helically-cut strips of the basilar, renal and mesenteric arteries and the aorta isolated from Kyoto Wistar (WKY) rats and stroke-resistant (SHRSR) and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). Passive tension developed by the same magnitude of rapid stretch was greater in basilar arteries than in the other arteries and aortae. The length-tension curve shifted toward the tension axis in basilar arteries and aortae isolated from SHRSP as compared with those isolated from WKY, whereas the curves in mesenteric and renal arteries from SHRSP, SHRSR and WKY were not significantly different. It is concluded that the distensibility of various arteries isolated from rats differs, and the cerebral artery becomes less distensible during the persistence of hypertension and the rat become prone to stroke. PMID- 7120653 TI - A case of bacteremia and disseminated intravascular coagulation after the conduit procedure for tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia. AB - A case undergoing conduit procedure for tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia was complicated postoperatively by bacteremia due to non-fermentative Gram-negative rods and by disseminated intravascular coagulation. He was able to be cured without any sequela. The patient was a 16-year-old male, who had undergone Blalock-Taussig anastomosis in his infancy. The present operation was carried out as follows: ventricular septal defect was closed with a Teflon-patch and discontinuity between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery was corrected using a Hancock's valved conduit. Two weeks after the operation, pleural effusion in the right chest cavity was shown by a chest X-ray film. On the 32nd postoperative day, high fever with chills occurred, and subsequently developed pulmonary edema, shock and hemorrhagic tendencies with petechia. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Flavobacterium and Alcaligenes faecalis were detected by the culture of pleural effusion. The platelet count decreased to about 10,000/microliters. Carbenicillin, tobramycin and minocycline were administered for the infection, and heparin and aprotinin were used for disseminated intravascular coagulation. By these treatments for about 6 months, the patient became well and was discharged without any sequela. PMID- 7120654 TI - Analysis of in situ heart mechanics. AB - Analysis of the in situ heart performance has been guided by the concepts of pump and muscle mechanics derived from studies on isolated heart and papillary muscle, respectively. It is occasionally beneficial to evaluate the cardiac performance separately on heart as a pump or as a muscle. Cardiac output is determined by the interaction among preload, afterload and contractility. Thus, it is sometimes difficult to estimate the contractile state of the diseased heart simply from hemodynamic measurements. Therefore, it is necessary to compare hemodynamics between rest and stress states or to apply concepts of "afterload mismatch and preload reserve" as well as end-systolic pressure volume relations in quantitative evaluation of the cardiac performance. Regional wall motion measurements are also useful to detect regional myocardial ischemia. PMID- 7120656 TI - Echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular size, shape and function- advantages and limitations of this method. AB - Both M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiographies are now available in most institutions and hospitals. Correct understanding of the characteristics of M mode and two-dimensional echocardiography, such as time resolution, will lead us to a successful application of each of these two displays. Detection of changes in ventricular wall and visualization of segmental wall motion are the most unique abilities in echocardiography. These characteristics permit echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular function. Left ventricular size, shape and function are not independent parameters, but are interrelated. Various parameters on left ventricular function are calculated from the dimensions of the left ventricle. However, these estimations are valid only when the dimensional determination is optimized and all the assumptions on the model of the left ventricle are satisfied. The simultaneous display system of M-mode and two dimensional echocardiograms on the same frame has been shown particularly useful for an optimization of the measurements. For ischemic heart disease, a knowledge of regional function of the left ventricle and the analysis of segment wall motion are indispensable. One of the major problems in evaluating the left ventricle using echocardiography is a limited acoustic window. A combination of standard parasternal approaches and other approaches is commonly required for obtaining an entire image of the left ventricle. PMID- 7120655 TI - Phonocardiography and mechanocardiography as the old-fashioned, but indispensable diagnostic tools in clinical cardiology. PMID- 7120657 TI - Assessment of left ventricular function using an angiographic method. AB - Angiographic methods are by far the most frequently used for calculation of left ventricular volume, mass, forces acting within the ventricular wall or for analysis of contractile performance and diastolic property of the overall ventricle, as well as regional myocardial function in the presence of ischemia. A critical review of the theoretical basis and practical methods of calculation of these variables is presented. The left ventricular pressure-volume diagram is constructed which allows for an assessment of the inotropic state of the ventricle from the similar tension-length framework as obtained in the isolated papillary muscle. Computer technology of digital filtering and subtraction provides for an enhancement of the contrast of the ventricular image obtained with minimal doses of contrast medium. On-line methods for edge tracing and subsequent data processing are alleviating much of the tedious and laborious work of manual analysis of angiograms and accuracy of the calculation has been enhanced. Left ventriculography is most useful in diagnosing the presence of abnormal wall motion. Methods of assessing the magnitude and extent of the relative area of localized myocardial dysfunction are discussed. Quantitative information is crucial for evaluating prognosis and determining the application of therapeutic interventions. PMID- 7120658 TI - Indications, applications and future prospects of diagnostic examinations in clinical cardiology. AB - Nowadays there are various kinds of diagnostic examinations in the field of clinical cardiology. In this field, information concerning structure, dimension (hypertrophy and dilatation) and cardiac function is essentially important. For the diagnosis of valvular and congenital heart diseases and of cardiomyopathy, ultrasonic examinations are more useful; for ischemic heart disease, nuclear medicine is superior. Angiocardiography provides as much information but it is invasive. A combination of an exercise-test with the examinations mentioned above is useful for the detection of left ventricular and coronary reserves. The determinants of left ventricular reserve, being related to the prognosis of the patients, can be analyzed by exercise echocardiography. Exercise echocardiography can reveal instantaneous changes in myocardial ischemia during exercise. Regional and global left ventricular performances revealed by exercise radionuclide angiocardiography can lead us to a new interpretation of an exercise ECG. PMID- 7120659 TI - [CCK and caerulein]. PMID- 7120660 TI - [Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP)]. PMID- 7120661 TI - [Motilin]. PMID- 7120662 TI - [Neurotensin]. PMID- 7120663 TI - [Bombesin and gastrin releasing peptide]. PMID- 7120665 TI - [Neural control of intestinal movement]. PMID- 7120664 TI - [Enkephalin]. PMID- 7120666 TI - [Hormonal regulation of gastrointestinal motility]. PMID- 7120667 TI - [Peptic ulcer and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]. PMID- 7120668 TI - [Thyroid neoplasms among the Japanese]. PMID- 7120669 TI - [Structural isomer of bilirubin]. PMID- 7120670 TI - [Paraquat poisoning--an autopsy case]. PMID- 7120671 TI - [Autopsy case of ovarian neoplasm associated with disseminating intravascular coagulation and non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis]. PMID- 7120672 TI - [Gastrointestinal hormones and their classification]. PMID- 7120673 TI - [Pancreatic polypeptide]. PMID- 7120674 TI - [Secretin]. PMID- 7120675 TI - Immunosuppressive activity of serum from patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. AB - Serum from 5 patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) inhibited markedly lymphocyte proliferative response with Con A and rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes (E). The inhibitory effect was not due to a cytotoxic activity of INS serum. The expression of the inhibitory activity on Con A response required the preincubation of lymphocytes with INS serum before Con A stimulation and the inhibitory effect was reversed by washing of lymphocytes exposed to INS serum. Furthermore, lymphocytes from INS patients responded normally to Con A. However, the inhibition of rosette formation with E was not reversed by washing of lymphocytes exposed to INS serum. Although the mechanism of the inhibition of immune response with INS serum was not clearly identified, it seems to be an interaction between INS serum and lymphocyte membranes which may cause the modulation of membrane structures or may influence the metabolic events of lymphocytes. PMID- 7120677 TI - [Psychological aspect of ideal old age]. PMID- 7120676 TI - Gelatin-reactive protein in human serum--bioassay, characterization and clinical significance. AB - We investigated the adherence of gelatinized lipid emulsion (GLE) to tissues and cells, the reaction system of this phenomenon and the clinical significance of the adherence-promoting factor (APF) in human serum. In the presence of fresh human serum, GLE adhered to all tested tissues and blood cells. APF was shown to be macromolecular alpha 2-globulin; it formed flocculent precipitate with gelatin, and adsorbed to gelatin-Sepharose. Therefore, we termed APF gelatin reactive protein (GRP) although it may be identical or closely related to plasma fibronectin. We also noted a significant decrease in GRP activity in patients with systemic disorders including cancer, liver cirrhosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus when their sera were assayed by the GLE-rat liver system. PMID- 7120678 TI - [Social aspect of ideal old age]. PMID- 7120679 TI - [Statistical and preventive studies of the diseases among the aged --rural and urban population]. PMID- 7120680 TI - [Statistical studies of psychological diseases among the aged ---rural and urban population]. PMID- 7120681 TI - [Anemia in the aged and compensatory mechanism]. PMID- 7120682 TI - [Anemia in the aged and hematopoietic stem cells]. PMID- 7120683 TI - [Anemia in the aged and hematopoietic stem cells]. PMID- 7120684 TI - [Serum ferritin in the aged]. PMID- 7120685 TI - [Anemia caused by vitamin B12 deficiency]. PMID- 7120687 TI - [Etiology and management of anemia of senescence]. PMID- 7120688 TI - [Refractory anemia in the aged]. PMID- 7120686 TI - [Hemolytic anemia in the aged-etiology and management]. PMID- 7120689 TI - [Disturbance of liver function in chronic congestive heart failure]. PMID- 7120690 TI - The possibility that glucuronic acid is a component of glomerular polyanion a preliminary study. PMID- 7120691 TI - [Electron microscopic study of IgA nephropathy]. PMID- 7120692 TI - [Renal biopsy findings and pregnancy]. PMID- 7120693 TI - [Origin of urinary FDP in children with renal diseases]. PMID- 7120694 TI - [The ultrastructural study of renal vascular lesions in young patients with chronic glomerulonephritis: concerning the role of hypertension and glomerular lesion]. PMID- 7120695 TI - [Oligomeganephronia--report of two cases]. PMID- 7120696 TI - [Biosynthesis of guanidinosuccinic acid in isolated rat hepatocytes, 1. Stimulation of its synthesis by urea]. PMID- 7120698 TI - [Cardiovascular function of patients undertaking hemodialysis]. PMID- 7120697 TI - [Opsonic effect of CRP on the in vivo clearance of sensitized, autologous erythrocytes]. PMID- 7120699 TI - Clinical and epidemiological aspects of multiple sclerosis in Japan. AB - A review of the studies of Japanese MS is presented. The epidemiological studies showed a prevalence rate of 1-4 per 100,000 population with higher rates in the northern regions. The lower rates compared with the western countries of similar latitudes might show the racial suppressive factor. The clinical and pathological studies supported the existence of the Oriental or Asian features of MS in a form of severe hyperergic demyelinating reactions. Severe visual loss and transverse myelopathy were predominantly common in the Oriental MS which was consistently different from Caucasian MS. Inflammatory reaction in the CSF was also prominent. The etiology showed the need for a basic protein plus alpha to provoke the chronic relapsing demyelinating process. Consideration of three factors; essential causative factor (C), trigger factor (T) and endogenous regulatory factor (R), is necessary for the pathogenesis of MS. PMID- 7120700 TI - Sodium and neural mechanisms in essential hypertension. PMID- 7120701 TI - Clinical application of body surface mapping. PMID- 7120702 TI - Intradermal tests in Behcet's disease. AB - Intradermal tests were compared among 4 groups of Behcet's disease, other uveitis caused by unknown agent, sarcoidosis and SLE. The size of indurations of PPD, SK SD and Candida was the largest in Behcet, followed by other uveitis, sarcoidosis and SLE in a descending order. Pustule formation was frequently seen in Behcet and other uveitis, in contrast to low incidence in sarcoidosis and not at all in SLE. Using saline solution or phosphate-buffered saline reaction, however, Behcet group shows erythema formation rather frequently which differentiate Behcet disease from other uveitis, sarcoidosis and SLE. PMID- 7120703 TI - Plasma soluble fibrin monomer complexes in diabetic microangiopathy. AB - We studied the relationship between plasma soluble fibrin monomer complexes (SFMC) and diabetic microangiopathy. SFMC concentrations were investigated in 7 patients with advanced retinopathy (group II) and in 10 patients with both retinopathy and proteinuria (group III), and also in 12 control patients (group I). The age of the patients in each group was similar and overnight fasting blood sugar levels were below 220 mg/dl. Group II had higher levels of SFMC (21.8-3.8 mg/dl) than group I (7.3-4.8 m/dl). Group III showed the higher value of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) than other groups and showed higher levels of SFMC (31.5-12.3 mg/dl) than group II. There was no significant correlation between the levels of SFMC and blood sugar, but positive correlation between BUN concentrations and SFMC was recognized in group III. Increasing of SFMC levels were correlated to fibrinogen (Fbg) levels in all subjects. There was no correlation between the levels of SFMC and antithrombin (AT-III) except in group II. The 24-h urinary protein was significantly correlative to SFMC, and Fbg was also considered to be closely associated with microangiopathy and act to promote it. PMID- 7120704 TI - Surgical evaluation of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography for biliary tract diseases. AB - We attempted to clarify the surgical usefulness and limitation of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) by comparing with drip infusion cholangiography (DIC). ERC was carried out on 144 patients with clinical symptoms of biliary tract diseases. The success rate was 71.5 per cent. Indications for surgery were found in 83.9 per cent of the patients with positive ERC findings and in 50.5 per cent of the patients in whom ERC was successful. The false positive rate in ERC, as revealed during the surgery was 2.3 per cent. Failure of ERC occurred in 41 patients. Failure of cannulation was attributed to para-vaterian diverticulum in 11, post-gastrectomy states in 5, the duodenal papilla covered by a polyp or a large fold in 2, and choledocho-duodenal fistula in 1. The failure of cannulation in 22 could not be clearly defined. As ERC was successful in 3 out of 9 patients in whom this approach was unsuccessful in the first trial, ERC should probably be repeated if such was indeed required pre-operatively. Diagnostic significance of DIC before ERC revealed that such plays a definite role in screening patients. PMID- 7120705 TI - Construction of internal arteriovenous fistulas for hemodialysis using Inokuchi's vascular stapler. AB - Using Inokuchi's vascular stapler, arteriovenous fistulas with an end-to-end fashion for hemodialysis were constructed in 80 patients (82 limbs) with chronic renal failure. In 76 patients and 76 limbs (95%) of a total of 80 patients, the fistulas were patent and hemodialysis could be effectively carried out. Use of Inokuchi's vascular stapler facilitated a rapid construction of subcutaneous end to-end arteriovenous fistulas, and no particular training in vascular surgery was required for the operator. Since the anastomosis was constructed in an end-to-end fashion, complications such as swollen hand, peripheral steal syndrome and cardiac failure were nil. PMID- 7120706 TI - Malignant lymphoma in the residual stomach after gastrectomy. A case report. PMID- 7120707 TI - Juvenile polyposis coli. A case report. AB - We report a case of juvenile polyposis coli in a 13 year old girl who initially complained of rectal bleeding and prolapse of polyps. Tube feeding with an elemental or a low residue diet and total parenteral nutrition were prescribed to treat the hypoproteinemia and anemia. A modified Soave's operation was successfully performed. The polyps appeared in several different stages of development. A single dilated gland of the colonic mucosa, which was not grossly visible, was presumed to be the site of the initial lesion which developed into a typical juvenile polyp. Adenomatous tubules were found in some juvenile polyps. In this case of immunologic deficiency, it is not clear whether such was a primary or secondary phenomenon. PMID- 7120708 TI - Hepatic gluconeogenesis from alanine following surgery. AB - To clarify alanine metabolism in the liver with special reference to gluconeogenesis, catheters were placed in hepatic, portal, femoral, and external jugular veins of six male mongrel dogs. A trace amount of 14C-alanine was administered as a single pulse into the external jugular vein on the first postoperative day, and the blood samples were taken from each vein for the subsequent two hours to measure 14C-glucose radioactivity. Cumulative radioactivity after 14C-alanine injection showed that 74 per cent of the radioactivity in whole protein-free serum was that of 14C-glucose. Therefore, it is considered that the metabolic pathway of alanine in the liver after surgery is mainly through gluconeogenesis to glucose. Our in vivo experiment clearly showed that hepatic gluconeogenesis from alanine is one of the important factors related to hyperglycemia after surgery. PMID- 7120710 TI - [A new method to evaluate the viability of preserved kidney by myo-inositol levels in the early effluent perfusate ]. PMID- 7120709 TI - The limit of application of intraaortic balloon pumping (IABP) on canine myocardial infarction. AB - The limit of application of intraaortic balloon pumping was evaluated in cases of canine myocardial infarction produced by either ligation of the descending coronary artery and of branches in the right coronary artery or establishment of stenosis in the left main coronary artery. The limit of application of intraaortic balloon pumping was confirmed to be as follows: 1) stenosis of seventy-five per cent or more in left main coronary artery, 2) over 45 per cent infarction of the entire left ventricular free wall, 3) endocardial viability ratio of less than 0.65, 4) blood flow of less than 18 ml/min/100 g in the left circumflex coronary artery when the left descending coronary artery was ligated, 5) and less than 0.69 in the ratio of inside blood flow to outside of the left ventricular free wall, as related to regional myocardial blood flow. PMID- 7120711 TI - [Endocrine therapy for prostatic cancer ]. PMID- 7120712 TI - [Clinical study on hydronephrosis due to aberrant vessels ]. PMID- 7120713 TI - [Studies on experimental candidiasis in the mice. -Unilateral renal damage and its etiology in the chronic renal candidiasis ]. PMID- 7120714 TI - [A scanning and transmission electron microscopic study on the human normal urinary bladder and bladder tumors ]. PMID- 7120715 TI - [Evaluation of recurrence after treatment of urinary tract infections ]. PMID- 7120716 TI - [Prostate and menadiol sodium diphosphate - menadiol sodium diphosphate as a new substrate for measuring acid phosphatase activity and a discussion on prostatic tumor model ]. PMID- 7120717 TI - Rectosigmoidal adenocarcinoma after successful pull-through for imperforate anus and rectourethral fistula: a footnote to Dr. Hugh Young's 1933 operation. PMID- 7120718 TI - The patient as partner: ethics in clinical oncology research. PMID- 7120719 TI - Disability from aminoglycoside-induced vestibular paralysis. PMID- 7120720 TI - Adrenoleukodystrophy: effects of dietary restriction of very long chain fatty acids and of administration of carnitine and clofibrate on clinical status and plasma fatty acids. PMID- 7120721 TI - Colitic arthritis. PMID- 7120722 TI - Hallucinations and delusions following a right temporoparietooccipital infarction. PMID- 7120723 TI - [Biosynthesis and regulation of cell wall mycolic acid in mycobacteria]. PMID- 7120724 TI - [Killer and natural killer activities in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7120725 TI - [Studies on the lung disease due to atypical mycobacteria in Japan (report of the year 1980 of the Mycobacteriosis Research Group of the National Chest Hospitals. Changes of epidemiologic status of Mycobacterium kansasii disease, from endemicity to epidemicity]. PMID- 7120726 TI - [Use of biochemical control methods in the ergometry of arteriosclerosis patients]. PMID- 7120728 TI - [Comparison of the echo- and kinetocardiographic indices of left ventricular myocardial contractility in various forms of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7120727 TI - [Physical loading tolerance of women during the climacteric with complicated climacteric neurosis and cardialgia]. PMID- 7120731 TI - [Preoperative diagnosis of myxoma of the right atrium]. PMID- 7120729 TI - [Cardiac volume and work capacity in young athletes as dependent on the direction of the training process]. PMID- 7120732 TI - [Role of the energy transport system in altering heart contractile function in measured limitation of coronary blood flow]. PMID- 7120730 TI - [Rate of exogenous cortisol elimination from the peripheral blood flow in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7120733 TI - [Morphometric evaluation of the volumetric indices of the heart ventricles and arteriolovenule correlations in sudden coronary death]. PMID- 7120734 TI - [Effect of the extensiveness of the coronary artery lesion and ischemic changes in the myocardium on the results of cardiac revascularization]. PMID- 7120735 TI - [Immediate and late results of Vineberg's operation in chronic ischemic heart disease with diffuse coronary arteriosclerosis]. AB - The immediate and late results of Weinberg's operation have been studied in 56 patients with chronic ischaemic heart disease (CIHD) with diffuse coronary sclerosis. Two control groups were compared; those with CIHD who were not operated on, and those who were subjected to pericardocardiopexy. The follow-up periods lasted from 6 months to 10 years. It was established that Weinberg's operation produced good effect in 76% of patients with chronic ischaemic heart disease. The operation is indicated in angina refractory to conservative therapy, with diffuse atherosclerotic lesions of the coronary bed, confirmed angiographically. Concomitant hypertensive disease, obesity, marked cardiosclerosis, recent myocardial infarction decrease the efficacy of Weinberg's operation. PMID- 7120736 TI - [Late results of the surgical treatment of a postinfarct interventricular septal defect]. AB - Surgical treatment of patients with post-infarction defect of the interventricular septum is highly effective. Despite the complexity and large volume of operation in this contingent of patients results of the operation are much better than in patients treated conservatively. At late periods after operation fairly high physical activity of patients is observed, which permits return to work to some of them, and to patients of pension age, enables them to do house chores, while the survived nonoperated patients are hardly capable of self-help. PMID- 7120737 TI - [Modification of Souns' method of selective coronary angiography]. AB - A new modification of the method of selective coronarography after Souns is offered, which differs by the site of introduction of the catheter and by its form, which is more convenient as to the approach through the axillary artery and a U-shaped bend of the working tip of the catheter which makes the method more reliable and shortens the time of the procedure. PMID- 7120738 TI - [Effect of paired cardiac stimulation on the effectiveness of intra-aortic counterpulsation in acute heart failure]. PMID- 7120739 TI - [R wave amplitude and left ventricular contractile function in ischemic heart disease]. AB - Coronarography and bicycle ergometry data in 70 patients with ischaemic heart disease and in 35 patients with the intact cardiac arteries have been compared. In 42 patients with ischaemic heart disease and in 28 healthy individuals the state of intracardiac haemodynamics after exercise have been studied with echocardiography. It was shown that the changes in the total of R (sigma R) waves in multiple leads serve as a sensitive (70%) and specific (88.6%) criterion to detect lesions of the coronary arteries. The increase of sigma R after exercise is, as a rule, combined with marked atherosclerosis, upset contractile function of the myocardium and decreased tolerance to exercise. Uniform decrease of sigma R in multiple leads points to normal or insignificant changes in the function of the left ventricle and is seen in patients with lesion of one vessel or with intact coronaries. PMID- 7120740 TI - [Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on the cyclic nucleotide and catecholamine content, energy and carbohydrate metabolism and on cardiac contractile function in acute focal myocardial ischemia]. AB - Two hours after the ligation of the descending branch of the left coronary artery in rabbits the contractile function of the heart decreased, concentration of phosphocreatine, ATP, glycogen dropped, and the content of lactic acid in the ischaemic and intact areas of the left ventricle elevated. Two-hour ischaemia of the myocardium was accompanied by increase of the cAMP and decrease of cGMP levels in the ischaemic and intact areas. Hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO, 2 at. abs, 1 h) started 30-40 min after coronary occlusion led to partial restoration of the cardiac contractility function, improvement of the energy and carbohydrate metabolism in the ischaemic and intact areas of the left ventricle and prevented cardiac fibrillation. It is surmised that favourable action of HBO on the functional state of the heart in its acute focal ischaemia is related not only to the antihypoxic effect but also to the rearrangement of the system of neurohormonal control of the heart. PMID- 7120741 TI - [Immunological reactions to lipoproteins and heparin in young men with a hereditary tendency to arteriosclerosis]. AB - Among young men with hereditary tendency to atherosclerosis one frequently finds immunological reactions to serum lipoproteins of very low density, somewhat less frequent reactions to heparin are encountered. Possible mechanisms of actions of antibodies to lipoproteins and heparin are discussed. PMID- 7120742 TI - [The hemostatic system in acute occlusion of the major arteries]. AB - The system of the haemostasis in acute occlusion of the main arteries is characterized by a combination of hypercoagulation, arrest of fibrinolysis, and increase of the adhesive-aggregation function of the formed elements of the blood. The age, aetiology, localisation and the character of arterial occlusion, the degree, and the duration of ischaemia of the tissues influence the degree of the above disorders. The above factors must be taken into consideration in choosing methods of the antithrombotic therapy of thromboembolic lesions of the main arteries. The main principle of such therapy is simultaneous corrections of the disorders of haemocoagulation, fibrinolysis, adhesion, and aggregation of the formed elements of the blood by the combined use of anticoagulants, fibrinolytic and antiaggregation drugs. PMID- 7120743 TI - [Effect of the diethylamine analog of etmozin on myocardial function (a clinical and experimental study)]. AB - Diethylamine analogue of ethmozine (DAA ethmozine) administered intravenously in the doses of 0.5-1 mg/kg exerts marked antiarrhythmic effect both experimentally and clinically, slight effect on the arterial pressure and myocardial contractility and led to insignificant and to statistically insignificant depression of automatism of the sinus node and on the fibres of the conductive system. DAA ethmozine enhanced the duration of the refractory periods of atriae and of the atrio-ventricular node by 20-30%, increased the time of stimulation conduction at all the levels of the conductive system of the heart. Sensitivity of the rapid sodium channels to DAA ethmozine exceeded by one order their sensitivity to ethmozine proper. The sum total of the results and also the preliminary data on the high antiarrhythmic activity of DAA ethmozine justifies the conclusion that this drug may prove to be effective in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. PMID- 7120744 TI - [Coronary perfusion rate as a factor determining the degree of heart contractile function decrease in an energy formation disorder]. AB - Experiments on the isolated hearts of guinea pigs have shown that administration of dinitrophenol in the concentrations of 0.01-0.10 mmol elicited, depending on the dose given, a decrease in pressure of a latex balloon, placed into the cavity of the left ventricle and an increase in the displacement of the SI segment on the ECG, recorded from the subendocardial layer of the apex. It is established that the rate of the coronary flow, limiting washing out of K+ and other metabolites determines the degree of depression of the contractile function with energy formation disorders and also its restoration during reoxygenation. PMID- 7120745 TI - [Effect of leu-enkephalin and tyrosine on lymphatic and blood microvessels]. AB - It has been found that neuropeptide leienkephalin and tyrosine occupying an N-end position in the peptide chain of leienkephalin are activators of the contractile activity of lymphatic microvessels of the mesentery. It is being attempted to obtain an even more active leienkephalin analogue by increasing the tyrosine content in its peptide chain. PMID- 7120746 TI - [Continuous observation of catecholamine release into the blood of the coronary sinus in experimental myocardial infarct complicated by ventricular fibrillation]. AB - It was established that the content of adrenalin and noradrenalin in the coronary sinus blood increases after occlusion of the coronary artery. In experiments terminating in ventricular fibrillation the concentration of catecholamines was found to be increased more markedly. A temporary correlation was established between an increase in the catecholamine level in the blood of the coronary sinus and the development of ventricular fibrillation. It is assumed that catecholamines are the triggering mechanism in the development of ventricular fibrillation. PMID- 7120747 TI - [Characteristics of disorders of nocturnal sleep in myocardial infarct based on polygraphic data]. AB - In 25 patients with acute myocardial infarction objective signs of sleep disorders and the restoration trends of its separate phases and stages after the infarction are described. The data obtained can be used for adequate qualitative and quantitative correction of sleep disorders in acute myocardial infarction at different stages of the disease. PMID- 7120749 TI - [Effect of psychological and somatic factors on the symptoms of hypertension]. PMID- 7120748 TI - [Circulatory failure in chronic glomerulo- and pyelonephritis]. AB - The frequency and degree of circulatory insufficiency depending on the stage of the disease are analyzed in 404 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis and 145 patients with chronic pyelonephritis aged 15 to 74 years. When the renal function is still preserved different degrees of circulatory insufficiency are diagnosed in 29.4% of patients. Circulatory insufficiency complicates more often chronic glomerulonephritis than pyelonephritis and is more common in the aged. Latent cardiac insufficiency is more common. In the period of chronic renal insufficiency cardiac decompensation is seen in 78.1% of cases, its frequency is practically the same in glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis. The mechanisms of development of cardiac insufficiency and the principles of treatment depending on the functional state of the kidneys are discussed. PMID- 7120750 TI - [Assessment of the information value of ECG parameters in the diagnosis of myocardial infarct of the posterior wall of the left ventricle]. PMID- 7120751 TI - Prostaglandin synthesis inhibition during volume expansion: collecting duct function. AB - The aim of this study was to examine the possible role of renal prostaglandins in the response of the inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) to acute volume expansion. Collecting duct microcatheterization and clearance studies were carried out in anesthetized rats, volume-expanded with isotonic Ringer's solution. In volume-expanded control animals, there was no significant sodium or chloride reabsorption between the beginning and end (papillary tip) of the IMCD. Administration of indomethacin or meclofenamate prior to and during volume expansion in two other groups of rats resulted in significant water, sodium, and chloride reabsorption along the IMCD and markedly blunted the diuretic, natriuretic and chloriuretic response to volume expansion. Because delivery to the beginning of the duct was not significantly decreased, enhanced reabsorption in the IMCD largely accounted for the decrease in natriuresis and chloriuresis. Inner medullary tissue fluid chloride concentration increased after inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. The results indicate that renal prostaglandins, perhaps by directly decreasing sodium chloride reabsorption, have an important role in the decrease in collecting duct reabsorption of sodium and chloride observed with acute volume expansion. PMID- 7120753 TI - Prevention of phosphate-induced progression of uremia in rats by 3-phosphocitric acid. AB - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were rendered uremic by surgical removal of 70% of functioning renal mass. This produced a rapid threefold rise in serum creatinine to 0.87 +/- 0.067 (SEM) mg/dl at 2 weeks postoperatively which declined subsequently to a value of 0.64 +/- 0.06 (SEM) and remained stable thereafter for an additional 4 weeks in animals maintained on a diet with normal phosphate content. Increase of dietary phosphate content to 2.2% at 2 weeks after surgery produced a significant and progressive increase in serum creatinine to values fourfold higher than the mean values in comparable partially nephrectomized control animals maintained on a diet with normal phosphate content (P less than 0.001). This deterioration in renal function was associated with extensive nephrocalcinosis, tubular dilatation, cellular necrosis, and marked interstitial inflammation. 3-phosphocitric acid, a compound which has been shown to prevent calcium phosphate crystal growth as well as to prevent in vivo nephrocalcinosis, was very effective in preventing this phosphate-induced deterioration of renal function and in preventing any significant increase in renal calcium content in animals fed a high phosphate diet. This compound was also effective in preventing the renal histologic changes associated with phosphate-induced uremia. PMID- 7120752 TI - Accelerated recovery of single nephron function by the postischemic infusion of ATP-MgCl2. AB - This study was designed to investigate the effects of ATP-MgCl2 when infused immediately 8 or 24 hr after 45 min of bilateral renal artery ischemia and to determine if an initial improvement in clearance of inulin (CIn) would be sustained throughout the course of recovery. In addition, the influence of ATP MgCl2 on the pattern of recovery of whole kidney and single nephron function was assessed by determining the impact of this agent on proximal tubular pressure and transepithelial backleak. The postischemic administration of ATP-MgCl2 resulted in significantly enhanced recovery of CIn irrespective of the time of the infusion after the initial insult. This beneficial effect was sustained in that the ATP-MgCl2-treated rats had significantly better CIn 1, 3 and 7 days after the injury when compared to normal saline-treated animals. Moreover, single nephron inulin clearance (SNCIn) was better preserved than whole kidney CIn in both groups of animals and in the ATP-MgCl2-treated animals SNCIn was similar to control values even 1 day after the injury. The enhanced recovery of single nephron function in the ATP-MgCl2-treated animals resulted from reduced proximal tubular pressure and diminished backleak of tubular fluid. Animals given ATP MgCl2 had better preservation of cellular morphology. Horseradish peroxidase was excluded from most epithelial cells and the interstitium in a manner similar to that seen in control animals while saline-treated rats demonstrated backleak of this tracer compound. Based on these studies, it appears that the beneficial effect of ATP-MgCl2 occurs because of the preservation of sublethally injured cells by augmentation of the process of recovery. PMID- 7120754 TI - Long-term effects of a new ketoacid-amino acid supplement in patients with chronic renal failure. AB - Nine patients with severe chronic renal failure (mean glomerular filtration rate 4.8 ml/min; mean serum creatinine 11.3 mg/dl) who were previously on a protein restricted diet were treated with a diet containing an average of 33 kcal/kg and 22.5 g/day of mixed quality protein, supplemented by a combination of amino acids and mixed salts formed between basic amino acids and keto-analogues of essential amino acids. The supplement was designed to minimize or reverse the amino acid abnormalities of chronic renal failure rather than to meet the normal requirements for the essential amino acids; it contained tyrosine, ornithine, and a high proportion of branched-chain ketoacids, but no phenylalanine or tryptophan and very little methionine. Within one month, serum urea nitrogen fell and serum albumin and transferrin rose significantly; serum creatinine fell slightly. Hyperphosphatemia (present in three patients) was corrected. Nitrogen balance, measured in seven of the nine patients, on the average was neutral, as it was in a preceding control period on a 40 to 50 g/day protein diet. Plasma tyrosine and threonine, which were subnormal before therapy, rose to normal or high normal levels. Branched-chain amino acids did not change. During a total of 63 patient months of therapy, no side effects or toxicity were observed, and serum albumin and transferrin did not change further. It is concluded that this specially designed supplement added to a 20 to 25 g/d protein diet is an acceptable regimen which can improve or maintain protein nutrition in patients with severe chronic renal failure who would otherwise require dialysis. PMID- 7120755 TI - The time course of delivery of furosemide into urine: an independent determinant of overall response. AB - After an oral or intravenous dose of furosemide, there is considerable interindividual variability in the amount of unchanged drug delivered into the urine. On average, approximately half as much reaches the intraluminal site of action with an oral compared to an intravenous dose. However, the natriuretic response to the same dose administered by either route is virtually the same. Similarly, after pretreatment with probenecid, the same total amount of furosemide in urine causes a greater overall response. It has been presumed that this paradox is accounted for by differences in rate of delivery of furosemide to the active site such that after an oral dose, or after pretreatment with probenecid, amounts of drug are for longer periods of time at the "steep" portion of the dose-response curve. Our analysis shows this not to be the case. For furosemide, the "slope factor" of the dose-response curve is such that the amount of diuretic delivered into the urine which is maximally efficient (21.5 micrograms/min) is considerably less than the amount causing half-maximal response (69.8 micrograms/min). Oral administration or pretreatment with probenecid maintains drug close to this maximally efficient amount more persistently than does intravenous administration. By so doing, total response to an oral dose approaches that of intravenous dosing despite delivering half the amount of drug to the active site, and after probenecid an intravenous dose causes a greater response than intravenous dosing alone despite delivering the same amount of drug to the active site. These data emphasize the importance of the time course of delivery of drug to the active site as an independent determinant of overall response. PMID- 7120756 TI - Improved techniques for acute and chronic cannulation of renal artery in the rat. PMID- 7120757 TI - Acute hypophosphatemia. PMID- 7120758 TI - [Debanding surgery of the pulmonary artery]. PMID- 7120759 TI - [Clinical diagnosis of atrial isomerism--significance of bronchial demonstration without contrast media]. PMID- 7120761 TI - [Objective diagnosis of pulmonary vessels and heart configuration from native thoracic radiography in healthy infants and small children and in children with congenital heart defects. II. Infants and small children with congenital heart defects of left-right-shunt group]. PMID- 7120760 TI - [Objective diagnosis of pulmonary vessels and heart configuration from native thoracic radiography in healthy infants and small children and in children with congenital heart defects. I. Normal values]. PMID- 7120762 TI - [Heart volume determination from radiography]. PMID- 7120763 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of closed abdominal injuries in children]. PMID- 7120765 TI - [Bacteremia in children with acute appendicitis]. PMID- 7120764 TI - [Postoperative dynamic intestinal obstruction in diffuse peritonitis in children]. PMID- 7120766 TI - [Indications for early retrosternal colonic esophagoplasty and its justification in newborn infants with esophageal atresia]. PMID- 7120767 TI - [Surgical correction of the sequelae of congenital and acquired diseases of the anogenital area in girls]. PMID- 7120768 TI - [Support of vital body functions during microsurgical operations on the brachial plexus in nursing infants]. PMID- 7120769 TI - [Wedge resection method in treating congenital scoliosis in young infants]. PMID- 7120770 TI - [Changes in lung functions after the surgical correction of funnel chest in children]. PMID- 7120771 TI - [Phlebography of children with congenital lymphedema of the extremities]. PMID- 7120772 TI - [Injury to the abdominal organs in newborn infants]. PMID- 7120773 TI - [Technical principles for optimizing conditions for the intra-aortic administration of antibiotics in the combined treatment of suppurative peritonitis]. PMID- 7120775 TI - [Occlusion of the pancreatic duct. Treatment procedure, complications, errors]. PMID- 7120774 TI - [Role of a complex of x-ray and radiological studies in the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis and cholecystopancreatitis]. PMID- 7120776 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic value of bronchoscopy in pulmonary forms of destructive bacterial pneumonia in children]. PMID- 7120777 TI - [Nephroptosis in children]. PMID- 7120778 TI - [Organization of medical care for children with acute hematogenic osteomyelitis of the femur]. PMID- 7120779 TI - [Errors and complications in congenital lobar pulmonary emphysema in children]. PMID- 7120780 TI - [Surgical procedure in chronic noncalculous cholecystitis in children]. PMID- 7120781 TI - [Small intestine function in appendicular peritonitis in children]. PMID- 7120782 TI - [Postoperative thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery in children suffering from rickets]. PMID- 7120783 TI - [State of the blood supply of the upper extremity in obstetrical paralysis of the brachial plexus in children]. PMID- 7120784 TI - [Closed kidney injuries in children]. PMID- 7120785 TI - [Organismoid teratoma of the retroperitoneal space in a 3-year-old child]. PMID- 7120786 TI - [Superficial creeping suppurative spondylitis of the thoracic spine]. PMID- 7120787 TI - [Resection of the large intestine using permanent magnets]. PMID- 7120789 TI - [Giant cystadenoma of the pancreas]. PMID- 7120788 TI - [Local hypothermia of the pancreas in pancreatitis]. PMID- 7120790 TI - [Reconstructive pancreatoduodenal resection performed for chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 7120791 TI - [Duodenal ulcer perforation into the common bile duct with the formation of an inflammatory cavity]. PMID- 7120792 TI - [Treatment of cholecystitis in the presence of developmental defects of the biliary system]. PMID- 7120793 TI - [Cholelithic intestinal obstruction]. PMID- 7120794 TI - [Subcutaneous rupture of the gallbladder]. PMID- 7120795 TI - [Total duodenopancreatectomy]. PMID- 7120799 TI - [Hemodynamic disorders in experimental pancreatitis]. PMID- 7120796 TI - [Lung and pleural involvement in acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 7120798 TI - [Exclusion of exocrine pancreas function in treating chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 7120800 TI - [Kidney function in mechanical jaundice]. PMID- 7120801 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the late results of drainage operations on the extrahepatic bile ducts]. PMID- 7120797 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cysts]. PMID- 7120803 TI - [Treatment of acute cholecystitis in the middle-aged and elderly]. PMID- 7120802 TI - [Surgical procedure in acute cholecystitis]. PMID- 7120804 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of gallbladder cancer]. PMID- 7120806 TI - [Blood coagulation and microcirculatory disorders in mechanical jaundice]. PMID- 7120807 TI - [Use of pancreatic ribonuclease in the combined conservative therapy of acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 7120805 TI - [Late results of transduodenal papillosphincterotomy and double internal drainage of the hepaticocholedochus in benign strictures of the distal choledochus and major duodenal papilla]. PMID- 7120809 TI - [Hyperbaric oxygenation in liver failure]. PMID- 7120808 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of cholelithiasis in opisthorchiasis patients]. PMID- 7120810 TI - [Omentopancreatopexy in treating pancreonecrosis]. PMID- 7120812 TI - [Splenorenal anastomoses in preventing complications of liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 7120811 TI - [Complications and mortality in acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 7120813 TI - [Diagnosis and choice of surgical intervention method in stenoses of the pyloroduodenal area]. PMID- 7120814 TI - [Lymphographic changes in patients with the post-phlebitis syndrome of the lower extremities and ways to correct them]. PMID- 7120816 TI - [Surgical approaches to the iliac vessels]. PMID- 7120815 TI - [Stimulation of blood flow to the extremities in obliterating lesions of the arteries]. PMID- 7120818 TI - [Transmediastinal aortofemoral shunt with simultaneous myocardial revascularization]. PMID- 7120819 TI - [Knife wounds of the heart in a patient with a mitral valve implant]. PMID- 7120817 TI - [Renal vein thrombosis with renal infarction]. PMID- 7120821 TI - [Wounds of the neck veins]. PMID- 7120820 TI - [Treatment of wounds of the heart]. PMID- 7120822 TI - [Malignant degeneration of a retroperitoneal teratoma]. PMID- 7120823 TI - [Treatment of patients with lesions of the veins of the lower extremities at a polyclinic]. PMID- 7120824 TI - [Treatment of post-thrombophlebitis and varicose ulcers of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7120825 TI - [Intraosseous blood pressure in post-thrombotic disease of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7120826 TI - [Simultaneous phlebolymphography in post-venectomy edema of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7120827 TI - [Endovascular occlusion of the bronchial arteries in the treatment of pulmonary hemorrhages]. PMID- 7120828 TI - [Musculo-venous "pump" of the legs of patients with varicose dilatations of the veins of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7120830 TI - [Surgical correction of lesions of the mesenteric vessels]. PMID- 7120829 TI - [Treatment of patients with injuries to the popliteal artery]. PMID- 7120831 TI - [Emergency medical assistance for injuries to major vessels]. PMID- 7120832 TI - [Rheologic properties of blood in chronic ischemia of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7120834 TI - [Causes of death after limb amputations for arterial lesions]. PMID- 7120835 TI - [Late results of constant electrocardiostimulation in bradyarrhythmias]. PMID- 7120833 TI - [Surgical tactics in combined arterial occlusions]. PMID- 7120836 TI - [Results of heart valve prosthesis]. PMID- 7120837 TI - [Preparation of bronchial asthma patients for bronchoscopic examinations]. PMID- 7120838 TI - [Surgical tactics in echinococcosis of the lungs]. PMID- 7120839 TI - [Surgical treatment of patients with chronic venous insufficiency of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7120840 TI - [Surgical tactics in the treatment of suppurative complications in reconstructive vascular surgery]. PMID- 7120842 TI - [Complications of translumbar aortography]. PMID- 7120841 TI - [Specific prevention of postoperative thrombosis in oncology patients]. PMID- 7120843 TI - [Functional support for heart valve bioprostheses]. PMID- 7120844 TI - [Prevention of rethrombosis of major vessels]. PMID- 7120845 TI - [Treatment of peritonitis with antibacterial agents]. PMID- 7120846 TI - [Changes in the laboratory indices of patients with cancer of the head of the pancreas before and after surgery]. PMID- 7120847 TI - [Pneumologic and neurosurgical treatment of metastatic tumors in the CNS from lung carcinoma]. PMID- 7120848 TI - [Surgical treatment of inguinal hernias by changing the position and direction of the inguinal canal]. PMID- 7120849 TI - [Aspects of the problem of hereditary hemolytic anemia]. PMID- 7120850 TI - [Injuries to the pancreas after splenectomy in Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 7120851 TI - [Pathophysiology of chronic kidney failure in patients with malignant lithiasis]. PMID- 7120852 TI - [Sclerosis of the bladder neck after adenomectomy]. PMID- 7120853 TI - [Diagnostic and treatment problems in severe postoperative complications in urology]. PMID- 7120854 TI - [Case of a large gastroduodenojejunal trichobezoar]. PMID- 7120855 TI - [Case of anorectal melanoma]. PMID- 7120856 TI - [Total gastrectomy in diffuse stomach cancer complicated by perforation]. PMID- 7120857 TI - [Case of compulsory ligation of the inferior vena cava during nephrectomy]. PMID- 7120858 TI - [Hepatoangiography after experimental liver resection during which the resected liver surface was covered with BAPP (Bulgarian antimicrobial polycaproamide fabric) and BAPK (Bulgarian antimicrobial polycaproamide sutures)]. PMID- 7120860 TI - [Experience with the treatment of calculous cholecystitis]. PMID- 7120859 TI - [Choledocho-duodenal anastomosis--indications, technic, results]. PMID- 7120861 TI - [Experience with surgery for portal hypertension]. PMID- 7120862 TI - [Biliary-digestive anastomosis in malignant tumors of the pancreas]. PMID- 7120863 TI - [Treatment of chemical burns and erosions ]. AB - Experimental and clinical observations suggested that after alkali burns of the eyes, neutralization of the tissues and the aqueous humor occurred with in hours. The further course of the disease was found to be an inflammatory reaction. Consequently, an anti-inflammatory therapy was introduced and employed with success in experiments and in the clinics. PMID- 7120864 TI - [Differential diagnosis of hereditary vitreoretinal degenerations ]. AB - Vitreoretinal degenerations constitute the main cause of manifestation of an amotio retinae during youth. Seven different hereditary forms can be distinguished. For the individual types, characteristic or obligatory symptoms can be postulated. In this connection, five main symptoms of hereditary vitreo retinal degenerations are presented: (1) foveal retionoschisis, (2) "white plains", (3) peripheral retinoschisis, (4) vitreal strands with insertion on the retina, (5) peripheral band-shaped vitreoretinal degeneration. PMID- 7120866 TI - [Consequences of vitreous loss during cataract extraction ]. AB - An analysis of 1,959 cataract operations with intraoperative loss of vitreous body in 114 cases (5.8%) is described. The most common late complications (21% of all cases) were retinal detachments (7.9%) and secondary glaucomas (3.5%). As a consequence the authors call for regular follow-up examinations by an ophthalmologist. PMID- 7120865 TI - [Absence of the anterior chamber following cataract extraction ]. AB - A non-existent or extremely flat anterior chamber following cataract extraction is now very rare due to the fact that waterproof wound closure has become standard practice. Among 1,051 cataract operations carried out in our clinic during the past three years this complication was observed only 13 times, i.e. in 1,2 percent of the cases. The complication occurred slightly more frequently in diabetics and patients with glaucoma. Methods of preventing the complication and both drug and surgical treatment are discussed. In our cases surgical intervention was never necessary. PMID- 7120867 TI - [Influence of hemodialysis on corneal thickness and intraocular pressure ]. PMID- 7120868 TI - [Hereditary drusen of Bruch's membrane. I. Clinical and light microscopical study ]. AB - The authors describe a family with autosomal-dominant inheritance of hereditary Bruch's membrane drusen. After the death of the proband who was kept under clinical observation with fluorescein-angiographic examination over a period of seven years, the authors obtained the bulbus for histopathologic study. Light microscopic changes in the boundary-line structures of the retina and choroid and the occurrence of an intraretinal membrane in the maculopapillary bunch area are described. This membrane is thought to represent a "predisciform stage" in the development of this hereditary dystrophy. PMID- 7120869 TI - [Bilateral edema of optic nerve (toxic edema) during therapy with chloroquine because of p.c.P. ]. PMID- 7120870 TI - [Modified version of a UV sterilizer to disinfect Goldmann tonometer heads, gonioscopes and fundus contact lenses ]. PMID- 7120871 TI - [Enlightenment of patients prior to prophylactic surgery ]. AB - To give his consent for diagnostic or therapeutic procedures a patient needs information on the nature of the disease, its course and possible complications. Additionally, he needs to be informed about the necessary diagnostic and therapeutic procedures themselves and the possible consequences of omitting them. All the typical risks have to be explained, even though they may be extremely rare. If a procedure is not immediately necessary, the information given has to be more comprehensive than in emergency cases. Therefore, comprehensive information has to be provided for prophylactic procedures (including information leaflets for patients, especially in cases of cataract, glaucoma and retinal detachment surgery, photocoagulation for equatorial degeneration and diabetic retinopathy, as well as vitrectomy and fluorescein angiography). The information must be given by the physician himself and should be as comprehensive as is necessary to enable the patient to decide for himself whether he wants to undergo the procedure. The majority of patients accept the enlightenment is necessary, consider the information supplied adequate and are thus reassured. PMID- 7120873 TI - [Verbal and written enlightenment of the eye patients: special problems in Switzerland ]. AB - In Switzerland, as in most other western European countries, the patient physician relationship is based on the mandate relationship in private law. Its main provisions are laid down in the Swiss civil code, the law of obligations and the penal code. The physician is obliged at all costs to fulfill his responsibility to enlighten the patient. The authors discuss the extent and nature of this duty to provide information, in particular regarding the patient's right of access to medical and laboratory reports. PMID- 7120872 TI - [The physician's obligation to educate patients - legal aspects - patients' expectations]. AB - There is some uncertainty among doctors and lawyers about the form and content of presurgical medical enlightenment of the patient. Presurgical enlightenment is of increasing significance with respect to malpractice suits. Current jurisdiction has developed principles of enlightenment that are often difficult for the doctor to handle. For routine procedures in major hospitals a standardized, pragmatically designed consent form is therefore necessary. At Wurzburg University Eye Hospital the results of glaucoma and cataract surgery have been documented for years by using computer-readable forms. On the basis of these large-scale results from many thousands of procedures a written consent form was developed and tested for its suitability. Two hundred and twenty-two patients were questioned on their expectations as to proper enlightenment. The results of these broadly scattered interviews are summed up and presented. Especially with glaucoma patients, the best method of enlightenment, satisfying both medical and legal requirements, is an information booklet designed for lay people together with verbal information furnished by the doctor. Nearly all of the patients interviewed found the preoperative enlightenment complete and sufficiently clear. The majority ot them could repeat the contents of the enlightenment form four to six days after the operation. This speaks well for the adequacy of the enlightenment. As a rule, the written consent form was supplemented by verbal enlightenment from the operating physician immediately before hospitalization of the patient. A psychological investigation of preoperative anxiety with enlightened and non-enlightened patients revealed that the enlightenment form did not increase preoperative anxiety. Surgical ophthalmology lends itself to a written consent form more readily then other surgical disciplines, because diseases with poor prognoses for life are fortunately rare. PMID- 7120874 TI - [Reports on the ophthalmic situation in the Comoro Islands ]. PMID- 7120875 TI - Ectopically produced calcitonin in human hemoblastoses. AB - The incidence of elevated serum levels of immunoreactive calcitonin (CT) in human myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders was investigated. On the basis of twice the normal range, about 45% of patients with acute leukemia and blast crisis of chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) showed elevated serum levels of CT. Markedly elevated levels (greater than 1,000 pg/ml) were only found in this group. Since immunoreactive CT dropped to normal or only slightly elevated levels in remission and increased again before or during relapse, serum CT levels seem to reflect the activity of the disease. However, in patients with chronic leukemia, Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, a lower incidence and only slightly elevated serum levels were found. In addition, the molecular weight of the proteohormone in serum specimen and cell extracts was investigated by gel chromatography. Besides physiological CT, different high-molecular weight forms of the hormone could be demonstrated in serum and in cell extracts. Extracts of leukemic cells revealed higher molecular forms only. It is suggested that the proteohormone is ectopically produced by leukemic cells. PMID- 7120876 TI - [Histamine concentration in the arterial and venous blood, plasma and basophile leucocytes on patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis and on healthy persons ]. AB - Patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis (non atopics) show significant increased histamine concentrations in the plasma. In these patients the histamine concentration in the whole blood was also higher. The histamine concentration in the blood reflect primarily the concentration of basophiles. In individual patients very high plasma and whole blood histamine concentrations were found. The concentration of histamine in the venous plasma was about 2/3 of this of the arterial plasma. No difference in basophile histamine concentration was observed between patients and controls. The histamine concentrations in the plasma reflect primarily the high local histamine concentration in the bronchial mucosa. The plasma histamine concentration itself does not act as direct bronchoconstrictor. The histamine dependent bronchoconstriction is believed to be mostly reflex bronchoconstriction by challenge locally the sensoric receptors in the bronchial mucosa. PMID- 7120877 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of prednisolone in adrenal insufficiency ]. AB - Prednisolone was measured in serum and urine after oral and intravenous administration of prednisone and prednisolone in 16 patients with adrenal insufficiency and after bilateral adrenalectomy. Thus, the problem of cross reactivity with endogenous steroids, the main factor disturbing the measurement of prednisolone, was completely eliminated. Prednisolone was detected by a simple competitive protein-binding radioassay. Distribution, elimination and other bioavailability parameters were calculated from the obtained data. No significant differences between serum levels were detected after oral administration of these drugs. Peak levels were reached after 2-3 h. After 5, 7.5 and 10 mg prednisone peak serum levels averaged 11.9 +/- 2.2, 15.9+/-3.4 and 21.5+/-5.9 microgram/dl, respectively. Prednisolone was still detectable 24 h after administration of 10 mg. The plasma half-time of approximately 5 1/2 h suggests that prednisolone is present in serum far about 2 days after application of higher doses. Since prednisolone interferes in most assays for cortisol, prednisone therapie has to be stopped at least 2 days before cortisol determinations. Urinary excretion was proportional to the applicated doses. The metabolic clearance rate of prednisolone was decreased (56.0+/-7.2 1/24 h/m2) in patients with adrenal insufficiency. This can be attributed to alterations in corticosteroid metabolism, probably due to an increased transcortin production. PMID- 7120878 TI - The role of the pathogen and of the host in pathogenesis: an overview. PMID- 7120879 TI - Bacterial infections: mechanisms of pathogenicity and host defence. Symposium, December 11-12, 1981, Max-Planck-Haus, Heidelberg. PMID- 7120881 TI - [Pheochromocytoma with renal pathology syndrome]. PMID- 7120882 TI - [Case of paroxysmal myoplegia]. PMID- 7120880 TI - Chromogenic endotoxin determination in blood--clinical relevance. PMID- 7120883 TI - [Current problems of treating arterial hypertension in the polyclinic]. PMID- 7120884 TI - [Life expectancy and work capacity of patients who have had a myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7120888 TI - [Liver enzyme indices in peptic ulcer before and after gastric resection]. PMID- 7120885 TI - [Cerebral hemodynamics in chronic lung disease patients with systemic arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7120886 TI - [Reasons for the late diagnosis of lung cancer]. PMID- 7120887 TI - [Immunological characteristics of acute bronchitis]. PMID- 7120889 TI - [Role of hypoxia of the gastric and duodenal mucosal cells in the mechanism of ulcer formation]. PMID- 7120890 TI - [Cimetidine treatment of duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 7120891 TI - [Treatment of acute cholecystitis]. PMID- 7120892 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]. PMID- 7120893 TI - [Clinical aspects and diagnosis of multiple primary synchronous cancer of the large intestine]. PMID- 7120894 TI - [Biliary tract function in nonspecific ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 7120895 TI - [Use of anticoagulants in the combined treatment of nonspecific ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 7120896 TI - [Diffuse mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7120898 TI - [Fever states in noninfectious diseases]. PMID- 7120897 TI - [Blood proteins in lymphedema]. PMID- 7120900 TI - [Effect of optokinetic stimulation on operator function and on his occupational work capacity]. AB - The effect of optokinetic noise on the clinicophysiological and professional parameters of a trained operator is discussed. The pattern and level of changes in the parameters are shown to depend on the initial sensitivity to optokinetic stimulation. It is recommended that expertise measurements be performed of optokinetic stimulation tolerance as well as training sessions with the operator exposed to optokinetic stimulation. PMID- 7120899 TI - [Regional hemodynamic changes following space flights lasting up to 8 days]. AB - Before and after space missions of up to 8 days in duration 14 cosmonauts were exposed to rheographic examinations to measure the pulse blood filling, tone and elasticity of cerebral vessels (in the frontal-mastoidal and bimastoidal leads), right lung and right leg vessels during tilt tests. Postflight examinations demonstrated distinct changes in the cerebral, pulmonary and peripheral circulation, thus indicating cardiovascular deconditioning. The greatest changes were seen in the tone of arteries, arterioles, and veins of the brain hemispheres, vertebro-basilar system and the leg. The changes were reversible, requiring no special correction. The changes in different vascular compartments returned to normal in a nonuniform manner: hemodynamic parameters of the lung and leg returned to the preflight level by R+3, whereas those of the brain by R+14. PMID- 7120901 TI - [Dehydration therapy in human exposure to simulated space flight factors]. AB - The effect of intravenous injections of 20% mannitol in a dose of 1 g per kg of body weight at a rate of 5 ml/min on the central circulation and cardiac contractile function was investigated. The infusions were performed to 18 healthy male volunteers, who participated in a head-down tilt test at -8 degrees, during the control period, on days 3, 7 and 14 of bed rest, and during the recovery. It was found that the prolonged osmo-therapy produced a clinically distinct dehydration effect without influencing central circulation. The therapy also led to positive cardiodynamics which was indicative of a decrease of the heart unproductive work and an improvement of left ventricle contractile function. PMID- 7120902 TI - [Operator speech information during complex integrated activities]. AB - This paper presents the results of studying speech characteristics of the operator performing control and observation operations, information reception, transmission and processing as well as decision making when exposed to a real stress (parachute jumps). The study has revealed form and content speech characteristics whose variations reflect the level of operator's adaptation to stressful activities. PMID- 7120903 TI - [Use of a voice channel in studying operator activities]. AB - This paper presents the results of studying operator's activity combined with voice communications. It is shown that the quality of control functions of the operator does not decrease and in some events even increases when he runs simultaneously a reportage. An analysis of operator's reportages make it possible to understand better the process of problem solution associated with the control over moving objects. PMID- 7120904 TI - [Functional dynamics of the pilots of heavy transport helicopters in the course of a flight shift]. AB - Before and after flights about 300 crewmembers of heavy transport helicopters were examined, using psychophysiological and integral methods that yield professionally important information. During a flight shift the health state of helicopter pilots varies via three stages: habituation, initial decline and distinct lassitude, with the latter developing after 5 h flight load. In order to increase human reliability in the pilot-helicopter system, it is advisable to allow 4 h flight time during a flight shift onboard helicopters of the above type. In this case the pilot exposure to vibration effects will also be limited. The paper describes a maximally permissible spectrum of vibration velocity for a 4 h exposure. PMID- 7120905 TI - [Complex assessment of mental work capacity by a method of controlography]. AB - Man's mental performance was evaluated with the aid of a controlograph. As a result, three groups with a high, medium and low level of mental performance were detected. It was found that the method of controlography can be used to predict man's capacity to perform complex operational functions. An integrated evaluation of mental performance by means of the controlographic technique was in good agreement with the results obtained by the traditional methods. PMID- 7120906 TI - [Evaluation of myocardial contractile function based on seismocardiographic data of rats in hypokinesia]. AB - The possibility of seismocardiographic recording in rats has been explored and SCG time and amplitude parameters have been determined. The measurements have been performed in normal rats and hypokinetic rats with an altered cardiac contractility. The SCG data obtained in hypokinetic rats have been compared with the results derived from contractility studies by heart catheterization and subsequent calculation of contraction strength and velocity. It has been shown that the data compared are similar on hypokinetic days 1 and 5. This suggests that the seismocardiographic method of studying heart contractility function of rats is adequate for integral evaluations of the strength and velocity of cardiac contractions in chronic experiments. On hypokinetic days 15 and 30 the data obtained by catheterization and seismocardiographically are at variance. This may be attributed to muscle mass losses and variations in the rigidity of "internal" bonding. PMID- 7120907 TI - [Transcutaneous determination of partial oxygen pressure and local blood flow in human orthostatic exposure]. AB - Using a Drager oximeter (the FRG) modified by a Clark polarographic electrode, transdermal measurements of partial pressure of oxygen (PtdO2) and local blood flow (Q) were carried out in 46 test subjects during tilt tests (20 min). As a result of blood redistribution, at minute 1 Q increased significantly in the lower body (p less than 0.01) and decreased in the upper body (p less than 0.01). Regardless of the sensor location, PtdO2 increased in most cases. PMID- 7120908 TI - [Medullary layer activity of the rat adrenals after a flight on the Kosmos-1129 biosatellite]. AB - After a 18.5-day space flight on Cosmos-1129 rat adrenals were investigated for the concentration of catecholamines and activity of enzymes involved in their synthesis, i.e. tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, and phenyl ethanol amine-N-methyl transferase. It was found that inflight the sympatho adreno-medullary system of rats was not exposed to a prolonged or strong stressogenic effect. Postflight the rats showed an increased reactivity to the immobilization stress. PMID- 7120909 TI - [Morphological characteristics of the thyroid glands of Macaca rhesus monkeys normally and in different types of hypokinesia]. AB - Thyroid glands and C-cells of Macaca rhesus were examined histologically, electron microscopically and morphometrically. The examinations were performed on 6 intact and 7 hypokinetic rhesus monkeys which were kept in a suspension device for 2 months, small cages for 2 months or in a head-down position (7 days in a horizontal position and then 11 days in a head-down position at -6 degrees). The experiment with a diminished motor activity and a normal support function of the lower limbs (maintenance in small cages), in spite of its long duration, produced no structural changes in the parenchyma or C-cells. The 18-day bed rest test was followed by a hypofunction of the thyroid gland, inhibition of hormonal synthesis and secretion without distinct changes in C-cells. Unlike previous experiments, the suspension study led to hyperplasia and hypertrophy of C-cells and increase of their nuclear volume. Activation of C-cells can be regarded as an adaptive reaction aimed at stabilizing bone calcium. PMID- 7120910 TI - [Significance of magnetic field parameters for altering brain evoked bioelectrical activity]. AB - The effect of a constant uniform magnetic field of 0.1 to 1.6 T on the somatosensory potentials of the brain cortex and hypothalamus was investigated on nembutal anesthesized rats. The exposure increased the amplitude and modified the form of evoked potentials in both brain structures. The effect grew significantly with induction of the magnetic field. At every induction level changes in the evoked potentials of the hypothalamus were more distinct than those of the cortex. These findings were compared with the effects of a weakly pulsating magnetic field of the induction 0.1-0.4 T. PMID- 7120911 TI - [Cytogenetic effects in exposure to high-energy charged particles]. AB - The cytogenetic effects of irradiation were investigated in the bone marrow and corneal epithelium of mice, human white blood cells, and Stamm V79-4 cells of Chinese hamsters exposed to protons with E=9.2 GeV, deutons and helium ions with E=4.6 GeV/nuclon. It was demonstrated that with an increase in the irradiation dose the number of aberrant cells and chromosome aberrations grew. A high yield of exchange type aberrations was found. The proliferative activity of cells of bone marrow decreased and its depletion occurred. The RBE coefficients of high energy particles varied from 1.3 to 2.7 in relation to the cell type and parameters measured. PMID- 7120912 TI - [Cytogenetic effects in experimental exposure to the heavy charged particles of galactic cosmic radiation on the Kosmos-1129 biosatellite]. AB - The experiment was carried out on lattice (Lactuca sativa) seeds flown in a biocontainer equipped with plastic detectors to record heavy charged particles (HCP). The purpose of the experiment was to determine the yield of aberrant cells as a result of irradiation, and to identify this effect as a function of HCP topography in the seed. The cytogenetic examination of flight seedlings revealed a significant difference between the seeds which were hit with HCP and those that remained intact. This indicates a significant contribution of the heavy component of galactic cosmic rediation into the radiobiological effect. The relationship between the radiobiological effect and the HCP topography in the seed was established: zones of the root and stem meristema proved to be most sensitive targets. PMID- 7120913 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the information content of 3 corrected orthogonal and 12 traditional ECG leads in performing functional tests]. PMID- 7120915 TI - [System of automatic analysis of rheoencephalograms]. PMID- 7120917 TI - [Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and electrolyte metabolism in the blood of rats after a flight on the Kosmos-1129 biosatellite]. PMID- 7120914 TI - [Diagnostic use of an enzyme test in monkey experiments]. PMID- 7120916 TI - [Prediction of tolerance in orthostatic tests after a space flight based on the results of preflight examinations of cosmonauts]. PMID- 7120918 TI - [Adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations in the rat heart ventricles and atria after a flight on the Kosmos-1129 biosatellite]. PMID- 7120919 TI - [Corticosterone in the blood plasma of rats after a flight on the Kosmos-1129 biosatellite]. PMID- 7120920 TI - Renal cortical interstitial volume in mesangial IgA nephropathy. Dissociation from creatinine clearance in serially biopsied patients. AB - It has recently been proposed that renal cortical interstitial fibrosis is causally related to progressive decreases in glomerular filtration rate in a variety of renal diseases including glomerulonephritis. One hundred and eighty eight renal biopsies in 81 patients with mesangial IgA nephropathy were analyzed for the percentage of relative interstitial volume by a point-counting technique. These data were correlated with serum creatinine, endogenous creatinine, endogenous creatinine clearance, and from age-matched donors were used as controls for the interstitial volume measurement. There was a negative nonlinear correlation between percentage of interstitial volume measurement. There was a negative nonlinear correlation between percentage of interstitial volume and creatinine clearance (r = 0.601, p less than 0.001). These correlations were not explained by age. However, serial biopsies in 39 patients clearly demonstrated that the percentage of interstitial volume could be dissociated from creatinine clearance. The prognosis in individual patients for progression to chronic renal failure could not be predicted from the relative interstitial volume at initial biopsy. Patients with mesangial IgA nephropathy demonstrated higher interstitial volumes than age-matched cadaver donors (p less than 0.001). Although interstitial volume and creatinine clearance are inversely related, the ability to dissociate these two variables in serial biopsies draws into question the hypothesis that interstitial fibrosis is causally related to changes in creatinine clearance. Studies to validate this hypothesis should involve patients followed with serial biopsies and renal function studies. In mesangial IgA nephropathy, interstitial changes are most likely secondary to the activity of the glomerular process. PMID- 7120921 TI - Lipid peroxidation as a mechanism of injury in cardiac myocytes. AB - lipid peroxidation was initiated and facilitated in isolated adult heart cells by treating the cells with different concentrations of either diamide or cumene hydroperoxide. Both reagents can lower the cellular level of reduced glutathione, diamide, by oxidizing preferentially the -SH groups and cumene hydroperoxide by acting as a substrate for glutathione peroxidase and/or initiating lipid peroxidation. Examination by electron microscopy revealed that 2 x 10(-4) diamide or 0.1 mM cumene induced severe ultrastructural changes within 1 hour of treatment. The most prominent changes were contraction, severe blebbing of the plasma membrane, and the presence of mitochondrial inclusions. A severe decline in intracellular ATP accompanied these ultrastructural changes. Diene conjugation, as an index of lipid peroxidation, demonstrated that peroxidation of cellular lipids did not occur in all cell samples treated (diamide greater than cumene). Treatment of these cells with lipid peroxides produced enzymatically in liver microsome membranes gave additional confirmation that heart cells are particularly sensitive to this treatment and that lipid peroxidation could have an important role in myocardial damage. PMID- 7120923 TI - Quantitative studies on the cotyledonary proteins in the genus Pisum. PMID- 7120922 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of catalase and heat-labile enoyl-CoA hydratase in the livers of normal and peroxisome proliferator-treated rats. AB - The intracellular localization of catalase and the heat-labile enoyl-CoA hydratase (second enzyme of the peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation spiral) has been investigated using the protein A-gold immunocytochemical procedure in normal and peroxisome proliferator-treated rat livers. Peroxisome proliferation in rat liver was induced by the dietary administration of Wy-14,653 ([4-chloro-6-(2,3 xylidino)2-pyrimidinylthio]acetic acid). As expected, catalase was demonstrable exclusively in the matrix of all peroxisomes in hepatic parenchymal cells of normal and peroxisome proliferator-treated rats. The heat-labile enoyl-CoA hydratase, which was shown previously to be immunochemically identical with 80,000-molecular weight peroxisome proliferation-associated polypeptide, was also confined to the peroxisome matrix. The peroxisome nucleoids displayed no antigenic sites for any of these proteins. Both qualitative and quantitative evaluation of immunocytochemical labeling of catalase provide direct visual evidence for the decreased amount of this enzyme in proliferated peroxisomes when compared with normal peroxisomes. In contrast, the proliferated peroxisomes contained higher levels of heat-labile enoyl-CoA hydratase. PMID- 7120924 TI - The fluoride contents of common Nigerian vegetables. PMID- 7120925 TI - Benzidine-congener-based azo dyes: assays for purity and residues in feces from dosed rats. AB - Analytical methods were required to determine purities of benzidine-congener based azo dyes and residues of the intact dyes in feces from rats before valid metabolism studies of such compounds could be conducted. A procedure is described for purity assays based on reduction of the dyes with stannous chloride followed by gas chromatography of the released free amine. Sixteen different samples of commercial dyes based on three benzidine congeners were assayed; purities ranged from 26.4 to 83.4%. Several dyes were also shown to be partially purified by cold water washes. A method to determine two intact dyes in feces from dosed rats, which consisted of extraction with dimethylformamide: water, clean-up by a rapid procedure using an octadecylsilane column, and quantification by ion-pair high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) is reported. minimum detectable levels of both dyes in feces are 0.2 ppm. Excretion profiles based on parallel HPLC and radioassays of feces from rats dosed with 14C-labeled Direct Blue 15 and Direct Red 2 are presented. Based on radioassays, about 74% of each dose was excreted via the feces; however, HPLC assays showed that only about 11% of each dose was present as intact dye in the excrement. PMID- 7120926 TI - Metabolism and distribution of two 14C-benzidine-congener-based dyes in rats as determined by GC, HPLC, and radioassays. AB - Absorption, metabolism and tissue distribution studies were conducted in the rat with 14C-biphenyl ring-labeled Direct Blue 15, a 3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine (DiMxBzd) based azo dye; Direct Red 2, based on 3,3'-dimethylbenzidine (DiMeBzd) and corresponding benzidine congener amines. Single oral doses of the 14C-labeled dyes (12 mg/kg, 62 microCi/kg) and molar equivalent doses of the respective amines were administered and urine and fecal samples collected at intervals up to 192 hours. Urine specimens were analyzed for 14C content and further characterized by EC/GC for free amines, acetylated metabolites, and conjugates. Feces were assayed for 14C content and for unchanged dosed dyes or amines by HPLC. A comparison of the metabolism of Direct Blue 15 with its base DiMxBzd, indicated that the base was more extensively metabolized and that most of the 14C in various extracts was identified as known metabolites. The metabolism of Direct Red 2 compared with its base, DiMeBzd, indicated that the base was more extensively metabolized, yet only a small percentage of the 14C in extracts was identified as known metabolites. Most of the 14C present in the urine could not be extracted with benzene nor chloroform, indicating high polarity. Distribution studies conducted with both dyes showed that liver, kidney, and lung accumulated and retained higher levels of 14C than other tissues (at 72 hrs). Peak levels of 14C, which occurred 8-12 hours after dosing, were significantly higher with Direct Red 2 than Direct Blue 15. Tissue distribution data (72 hr) for rats dosed with the free amines compared with the dyes showed a generally lower but similar distribution pattern. PMID- 7120927 TI - Determination of basic drugs in post mortem tissues: a microextraction technique utilizing GLC/NPD of effluents. AB - A method is described for the estimation of basic drugs and metabolites in post mortem tissues and fluids. The method is based upon the selective extraction of these substances, differential weak acid cleanup, and the final preparation of a microextract that is compatible with the rubidium source found in most nitrogen phosphorous detectors (NPD). Application of this extract to gas chromatography/NPD allows for the measurement of common basic drugs at subtherapeutic, therapeutic, and toxic concentrations in a variety of tissue matrices (liver, brain, lung, heart, and kidney) using a minimum of sample (less than one gram). Internal standards are used to allow for the quantitative as well as qualitative aspects of the assay. Examples of tissue extract chromatograms containing commonly encountered basic drugs are presented along with precision data. PMID- 7120928 TI - Use of the retention index in gas chromatographic studies of drugs. AB - In earlier studies, it has been shown that the retention index (Ir) is a very reproducible measure of gas chromatographic mobility. Statistically comparing Ir values obtained here with those found in references has yielded very satisfying results. This will enable the use of Ir values in the screening phase of analysis for general unknowns using the great number of data offered by references; thus limiting the range of inquiry to no more than 6 or 7 drugs, provided that the unknown is between the scheduled ones. An index of analytical behavior that is an absolutely reproducible number will be necessary for computerizing toxicological analysis. PMID- 7120929 TI - Determination of labetalol in a post mortem case using HPLC. AB - A case report involving low levels of labetalol is presented. Samples of post mortem stomach contents, liver, kidney, urine, and blood were flocculated with aluminium hydroxide before the labetalol was extracted by using Sep-pakTM C18 cartridges. Quantification of the extracts was performed by HPLC with an ultraviolet detector. The significant of relatively low drug levels found in a patient suffering from a respiratory disease is discussed. PMID- 7120930 TI - Maprotiline fatality: case report and analytical determinations. AB - A new tetracyclic antidepressant drug, maprotiline hydrochloride was found to be the agent of death in a 23-year-old subject following massive injestion (4.5-6.0 g). The case may be the first reported maprotiline death (sole cause) in the United States. Analytical parameters were studies and various chromatographic and spectrophotometric systems are reported. Quantitation was performed by gas-liquid chromatography using a nitrogen-phosphorous detector. Concentrations of the compound in biological fluids and tissues are also reported. PMID- 7120931 TI - Post mortem tissue levels of ascorbic acid in a scurvy case. AB - Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) deficiency varies in degree from a mild condition scarcely recognizable, to a profound state resulting in death. In human beings, the latter condition is rarely seen except under extreme stress. One such case involving an infant is described. The analytical procedure used to determine the levels of Vitamin C in autopsy samples utilized a sensitive amino-bonded reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) technique. Several control cases were compared to determine average normal levels. PMID- 7120933 TI - Responsibility and accountability--health protection programmes. PMID- 7120932 TI - Procedures, treatments and staff roles in occupational health. PMID- 7120934 TI - Agricultural accidents in Dorset--Review of a pilot study. PMID- 7120935 TI - Wheat miller's asthma in Sri Lanka. PMID- 7120936 TI - Disorientation in army helicopter operations. PMID- 7120937 TI - Pulmonary barotrauma and chest dimensions: preliminary report. PMID- 7120938 TI - Electric burn. PMID- 7120939 TI - Contact areas in human elbow joints. AB - The paper describes the results of in-vitro experiments to determine the contact areas in the elbow joint during different anatomical positions. The casting technique, using wax as a casting material, was used in this study. The shape and size of the contact areas change, in different elbow positions ranging from full extension to full flexion. The joint stability was preserved during the experiments. In full extension the area of contact was observed on the lower medial aspect of the ulna while in other postures the pressure areas were found as a strip extending from posterolateral to anteromedial. The radio-capitulum joint also revealed contact during flexion under no externally applied loads. PMID- 7120940 TI - An in-vivo study of normal wrist kinematics. AB - The motion of the hand relative to a reference frame embedded in the radius is described using the screw displacement axis (SDA) concept. A three-dimensional sonic digitizer was utilized in a study of the dominant wrist of 15 normal subjects to determine the location and orientation of the SDAs based on the endpoints of flexion-extension motion (FEM) and radial-ulnar deviation (RUD) of the hand. The length of the common perpendicular between the SDAs of FEM and RUD was as large as 6 mm in some individuals; however, in some subjects the FEM SDA was distal of the RUD SDA while in others it was proximal. Considering the group of 15 subjects, the SDAs of FEM and RUD for the normal group nearly intersect in the head of the capitate in the neutrally positioned wrist and forearm. PMID- 7120941 TI - Peristaltic transport of a power-law fluid with variable consistency. AB - Effects of the consistency variation on the peristaltic transport of a non Newtonian power-law fluid through a tube have been investigated by taking into account the existence of a peripheral layer. It is shown that the flow rate flux, for zero pressure drop, increases as the amplitude of the peristaltic wave increases but it decreases due to the pseudoplastic nature of the fluid. It is also noted that, for zero pressure drop, the flux does not depend on the consistency of peripheral layer while the friction decreases as this consistency decreases. However, for nonzero pressure drop, the flux increases and the friction force decreases as the consistency of peripheral layer fluid decreases. PMID- 7120942 TI - Bulging of lumbar intervertebral disks. PMID- 7120943 TI - Some static mechanical properties of the lumbar intervertebral joint, intact and injured. AB - The in-vitro static load-displacement properties of the intact and the injured human lumbar intervertebral joint have been investigated in a loading apparatus which allows entirely unconstrained relative displacement between the joint members. The spatial relative displacement produced by a given load, alone or in combination with another load (preload), were measured using 14 specimens and emphasizing strict control of the secondary variables which are known to affect the results. An attempt has been made to interpret the results in terms of the relative load-bearing roles of the disk, the facets and the posterior ligaments as a function of the type of load. The results indicate that the disk is the major load-bearing element in lateral and anterior (with respect to fixed superior vertebra) shears, axial compression and flexion, while the facets play a major role in posterior shear and axial torque. PMID- 7120944 TI - Transient temperature profiles in tissues with nonuniform blood flow distributions. AB - Numerical methods and the bio-heat transfer equation are employed to calculate temperature profiles in tissues subjected to nonuniform blood flow distribution for initial and boundary conditions which simulate experimental physiological situations. Results indicate that one can infer, from sudden changes in temperature distribution, the occurrence of sudden changes in tissue blood flow. However, prediction of blood flow distribution from near equilibrium or steady state temperature profiles is of poor resolution, and does not appear useful as a practical technique. The methods and results are useful for predictions of temperature profiles in the absence of significant endogenous or exogenous heating; they can be extended to such applications by straightforward methods. PMID- 7120945 TI - Extending the theory of dash running. AB - I extend the theory of dash running by allowing resisting force to be proportional to any positive power of speed and by allowing the runner to be tractive-force-limited at the beginning of the dash and developable-force-limited subsequently. I solve the equation of motion and express the maximum value of developable force as a function of limiting dash velocity, resisting force/velocity exponent, and indoor and outdoor-track asymptotic intercept times (the intercepts with the time axis of asymptotic lines that are fitted to the distance-time curves) and limiting tractive coefficients. For a 20-yr-mean world record limiting dash velocity of 10.33 m/s and indoor and outdoor asymptotic intercept times of 0.617 and 0.265 s, I find that a composite dash world record holder is tractive-force-limited on indoor tracks, that limiting indoor tractive coefficient is about 0.9, and that the maximum value of developable force exceeds 2.0 times the record holder's weight. PMID- 7120946 TI - A cam-type electric motor-driven left ventricular assist device. PMID- 7120947 TI - Effect of aortic stenosis on coronary flow dynamics: studies in an in-vitro pulse duplicating system. AB - The dynamics of retrograde coronary flow in aortic valvular stenosis was investigated in an in-vitro pulse duplicating system which had the capability of simulating coronary flow. The ventricular chamber of the pulse duplicator consisted of an opaque elastic sac molded from rubber in the shape of a left ventricle. The aortic test section consisted of an acrylic mold of the root of the aorta of a calf, which included the sinuses of Valsalva and the entrance region of both the left and right coronary arteries. Flow in the left coronary artery was modeled to deliver both a systolic and a diastolic component of flow. Studies were performed with normal porcine valves in the aortic and mitral positions and were repeated with a human stenotic valve in the aortic position. Pressures were measured in the aorta, left ventricle, and at the ostium of the left coronary artery with catheter-tip micromanometers. In the presence of a normal aortic valve, total coronary flow was adjusted to 120 ml/min of which 21 percent of the flow occurred during systole. The phasic pattern of coronary flow was similar to that shown in vivo. In the presence of a stenotic aortic valve, a small amount of retrograde coronary flow (less than 1 percent of total coronary flow) was observed; and this occurred during the initial phase of systole. Retrograde coronary flow during systole appears to have resulted from compression of the collapsible segment of the simulated coronary artery. This was caused by the elevated simulated intramural pressure. PMID- 7120948 TI - Accuracy enhancement of in-vivo bone strain measurements and analysis. AB - A numerical technique is presented to evaluate and correct the zero-strain reference points determined experimentally for certain in-vivo strain rosette applications on long bones. The method is used to determine whether significant transverse stresses are present at the gage site during in-vivo activities. If transverse stresses are shown to be negligible, the experimentally determined zeroes can be appropriately adjusted to provide an increased accuracy of the strain measurements. In addition, the transverse Poisson's ratio is calculated and can be incorporated in subsequent in-vivo stress calculations. PMID- 7120949 TI - Errors in the center and angle of rotation of a joint: an experimental study. AB - The error sensitivity in the determination of center and angle of rotations of a body joint performing planar motion is studied. A simple experiment is described to measure the errors in these two kinematic parameters as functions of errors in the input coordinates of markers. The effect of varying the marker locations and the size of motion-step is also studied. The errors in the center of rotation are found to increase dramatically when the two markers subtend angles of about 0 deg or 180 deg and when the motion step size decreases to 1 deg or less. Similar results are found for errors in the angle of rotation which, in addition, increase with decrease in the radius of the markers. PMID- 7120950 TI - Turbulent stresses in the region of aortic and pulmonary valves. AB - The specific features of turbulent flow that are likely to be damaging to the blood cells and platelets are the stresses which are intrinsic to turbulence, known as Reynolds stresses. These include normal stresses as well as shear stresses. The purpose of this study is to determine the magnitude of the turbulent stresses that may occur during ejection in the vicinity of normal and diseased aortic valves near normal pulmonary valves. Both Reynolds normal stresses and Reynolds shear stresses were calculated from velocities obtained in vitro with a laser Doppler anemometer in the region of two severely stenotic and regurgitant human aortic valves. Reynolds normal stresses were also calculated from velocities obtained with a hot-film anemometer in 21 patients in the region of normal and diseased aortic valves. In seven of these patients, it was calculated in the region of the normal pulmonary valve. The Reynolds normal stress in patients with combined aortic stenosis and insufficiency was prominently higher than in patients with normal valves. In the former, the Reynolds normal stress during ejection transiently reached 18,000 dynes/cm2. This was in the range of the Reynolds normal stress observed in vitro. The Reynolds shear stress measured in vitro transiently reached 11,900 dynes/cm2 during ejection. Because the Reynolds normal stresses in the presence of the severely stenotic and regurgitant valves were comparable in vitro and in patients, it is likely that the Reynolds shear stress in patients is also comparable to values measured in vitro. These values were well above the stresses which, when sustained, have been shown to have a damaging effect upon blood cells and platelets. PMID- 7120951 TI - Surgical drilling: design and performance of an improved drill. AB - The majority of twist drills used in orthopaedics are very similar to chisel pointed metal drilling bits. Modifications usually observed are reduction of the point angle to 90 deg and sometimes grinding of the entire cutting lip at 0 deg rake angle, which appeared to have been made arbitrarily without any advantage. We have attempted to design a surgical drill bit with the objective of minimization of the drilling thrust and temperature and effective removal of bone chips. Our results showed that the presence of the chisel edge was mainly responsible for increasing the thrust force and the temperature developed. The effects of a constant feed rate and thrust on the peak temperature were also examined. The combined effect of the helix and the point angles on the rake angle which in turn determines the cutting efficiency was analyzed for various types of surgical bits. Based on our results and previously published data from the literature an optimized drill bit was designed with a split point, a point angle of 118 deg, a parabolic flute, and a helix angle of 36 deg and its performance was compared with other existing surgical drill bits. For drilling in compact bone, the new design decreased the thrust load by 45 percent an the peak temperature rise by 41 percent. Similar improvements were also recorded for drilling bone cement. The time of drilling a bone cortex was also significantly reduced and "walking" on the curved bone surface was eliminated and dimensional tolerance on hole sizes was improved. The new design is likely to reduce the time of surgery and also minimize the tissue damage. PMID- 7120952 TI - Stretch characteristics of whole muscle. PMID- 7120954 TI - Revised estimates of hearing aid test system accuracy. AB - This study describes a refinement and extension of a procedure to estimate hearing aid test system accuracy reported by Townsend. The present results were obtained from 10 repeated measures on one linear and one AGC hearing aid. Test system variability, represented by standard deviations (SDs) for the 10 trials, was found to be less than or equal to the manufacturer's specifications for 7 of 8 ANSI S3.22-1976 measurements. Furthermore, 4 of these measures revealed variability of only .1 dB. The stability of the SDs across trials varied depending on the measurement; some were consistently reliable whereas others fluctuated considerably. Although data based on 3 trials differed substantially from the 10-trial results, those from 5 trials indicated only minimal differences. PMID- 7120953 TI - A technique for identifying the subgroup membership of certain misarticulating children. AB - Cluster analysis was used to identify two homogeneous clusters of 8-9 1/2-year old children who misarticulated /s/, /r/, or both. The analysis was based on the children's scores on 40 measures of language, reading, auditory processing, and other variables. Discriminant function analysis was then used to identify a subset of five measures and a means of computing classification scores. These measures and the classification scores can be used to identify the cluster membership of new subjects. The use of classification scores for identifying cluster membership was cross-validated against cluster analysis of a second group of children. The two clusters are described in terms of their performance on language and reading measures. PMID- 7120955 TI - Phonological constraints on the sentence productions of language-disordered children. AB - Effects of phonological and syntactic structure on the sentence productions of language-disordered school children (mean age = 6:2 years) were investigated. The syllabic complexity of target sentences as well as clause embedding significantly contributed to sentence inaccuracy (omission, substitution, addition, and transposition errors). Phonological complexity in lexical items disrupted syntactic performance in a quantitative fashion. Whereas the syntactic constructions determined the patterns of errors, added phonological complexity simply increased the errors within the patterns. The causal interrelationships between children's syntactic and phonological disorders are discussed in terms of a theory of general organizational deficit. PMID- 7120956 TI - The effect of self-initiated and other-initiated actions on linguistic performance. AB - Two studies were conducted to determine the effect locus of action had on children's conjunction use and clause ordering. Subjects in the first study were 45 normal children between the ages 3:0 and 5:2. The results of the first study showed that the two contexts in which children performed actions were more facilitating to language performance than the context in which children observed the experimenter perform actions. However, the verbal model which accompanied the two child-initiated action contexts might have contributed to these differences. A second experiment was therefore conducted in which the verbal model was eliminated. No differences in conjunction use or clause ordering were found among contexts in the second study. Thus, by itself, locus of action had little influence on language performance. However, when coupled with the verbal model, which seemed to function as a focusing device, performance was enhanced. It was concluded that child-initiated action contexts which include a verbal instruction are preferred over other-initiated action contexts in which a verbal model is not presented. PMID- 7120957 TI - The effects of temporal and semantic conditions on the occurrence of the error response of perseveration in adult aphasics. AB - This study sought to determine whether the incidence of perseveration in the responses of adult aphasics could be affected by altering stimulus factors such as semantic difficulty and the rate of presentation of stimuli. Thirty-one aphasic men supplied 1-word responses within three randomly arranged language tasks: sentence completion, picture naming, and word reading. Within each task subjects received stimuli from two 20-word lists of words contrasted for their frequency of occurrence in the language. Each list was presented once with 1-sec intervals between subjects' responses and subsequent stimuli, and once with 10 sec intervals. Results indicated that when semantic difficulty as measured by the frequency of occurrence of the single-word responses was reduced, the mean number of perseverations decreased significantly. When time intervals were increased from 1 to 10 seconds, perseverations decreased significantly. Sentence completion and picture naming elicited significantly more perseverations than word reading. Perseveration and other verbal errors were similarly affected by the variable of semantic difficulty, but only perseverative errors were significantly reduced when time intervals were increased. Word length, presentation order of tasks and conditions, and time postonset of aphasia appeared to have little relationship to perseveration. PMID- 7120958 TI - Development in the use and understanding of polite forms in children. AB - In two experiments, children's use and understanding of polite forms and the relationship these abilities share with an ability to adopt the perspective of another were examined. Development in the understanding of polite forms seemed best characterized as sensitivity to the function of these forms in an increasing number of sentence types. Development in the use of polite forms could be viewed as an increasing tendency to produce more than one polite form in the same utterance and to use a wider variety of interrogative types when expressing politeness. Emergence of the use and understanding of politeness in speech at age 3 seemed related to an emerging ability to adopt the perspective of another. However, development of politeness beyond this age seemed related only to a form of perspective taking in which knowledge of social roles plays a part. PMID- 7120959 TI - Speech discrimination in preschool children: a comparison of two tasks. PMID- 7120960 TI - Stuttering: speech pattern characteristics under fluency-inducing conditions. AB - Speech samples were collected from three adult male stutterers under six baseline conditions and 15 conditions believed to increase fluency. After moments of stuttering and filled pauses had been deleted from the samples, a speech pause analysis technique developed by Goldman-Eisler was used to measure the following speech pattern characteristics: mean phonation duration (i.e., the duration between pauses), pause proportion, articulation rate, fluent speech rate, mean sentence length, and percentage of syllables stuttered. Greater than 50% reduction in stuttering occurred in all but three conditions (Speak and Write, Relaxed, Alone with cards). Greater than 90% reduction occurred under Prolonged/DAF speech, Singing, Chorus reading, Shadowing, Slowing, Syllable-timed speech, and Response contingent stimulation. The data were examined for evidence of speech pattern characteristic changes which were associated with reduced stuttering. Lengthened mean phonation duration occurred consistently under four conditions: Chorus reading, Shadowing, Singing, and Prolonged/DAF. Slowed speech (lower overall rate, lower articulation rate, or increased pause proportion) occurred consistently in seven conditions: Prolonged/DAF, Slowing, Syllable-timed speech, Arm swing, Speak and write, Relaxed, and Singing. Only in Prolonged/DAF speech did lengthened phonation duration occur in conjunction with slowed speech. The results of this exploratory study suggest that stuttering may be reduced under different conditions by means of different strategies. Lengthened phonation and slowing were the predominant strategies used in those conditions investigated in this study. The results are consistent with those of effective treatment techniques. Theoretical accounts of the association between change in fluency and change speech pattern characteristics are discussed. PMID- 7120961 TI - Analytic study of the Tadoma method: further experiments with inexperienced observers. AB - Results are presented for two studies of speechreading through the Tadoma method using normal subjects with simulated deafness and blindness. In the first study, subjects received training on the identification of consonant and vowel stimuli through Tadoma. In posttraining tests, an average score of 73% was obtained on a set of 24 consonants presented in CV syllables, and an average score of 82% was obtained on a set of 15 vowels and diphthongs presented in /g/-V-/d/ syllables. An analysis of the confusion matrices derived from the identification tests in terms of of various articulatory/phonological features indicated that the features place, voicing, frication, and round were well-perceived for consonants and round, tense, vertical lip separation, and low, for vowels. In the second study, subjects received training through Tadoma on comprehension of sentences composed of words from a 43-item vocabulary. In tests for which sentence stimuli were repeated until a correct response was obtained, the subjects identified an average of 30% of the words correctly on the first presentation and required an average of roughly four presentations for complete identification of the stimulus. PMID- 7120962 TI - The effects of feedback on referential communication of preschool children. AB - Preschool children were paired in 12 speaker-listener dyads in which the speaker described common, familiar items and the listener attempted to guess their identity. Objects were presented until the listener had successfully guessed five objects and had missed five objects. Successfully guessed objects were conspicuously placed in an E-Z box whereas those missed were conspicuously placed in a HARD box. These 10 objects were then presented to the same team for identification once again, with each object being removed from the E-Z or HARD box with appropriate comments about its difficulty offered by the experimenter. Postfeedback, the speakers used longer and more informative descriptions for items that had originally been failed, and shorter, less informative descriptions for those that had been successfully guessed on the first identification trials. The changes in the form of the messages for the success items were somewhat greater than for the failure items, suggesting that children might not have mastered specific strategies for composing maximally useful messages, even when the children were disposed to respond to listener communicative needs. PMID- 7120963 TI - Developmental disfluency in 2-, 4-, and 6-year-old boys in neutral and stress situations. AB - Disfluency characteristics of 36 nonstuttering boys aged 2, 4, and 6 were analyzed from tape-recorded speech samples made during free play within neutral and stress situations. Comparisons of frequency of disfluency were made among the different ages within each situation. In the neutral situation, 2-year-olds had significantly higher disfluency frequencies than either 4- or 6-year-olds for word repetitions and phrase repetitions; 2-year-olds also had a higher frequency of disrhythmic phonations than 6-year-olds but not than 4-year-olds. In the stress situation, 2-year-olds had a higher frequency of average oscillation (number of repetitions per instance of disfluency) than either 4- or 6-year-olds and a higher frequency of disrhythmic phonations than 6-year-olds. Comparisons of frequency of disfluency were also made between the neutral and stress situations. The only statistically significant differences were for word repetitions and phrase repetitions for 2-year-olds, with higher means for the neutral situation. PMID- 7120964 TI - Detection and recognition masking-level differences for the individual CID W-1 spondaic words. AB - The detection and recognition masking-level differences for the 36 individual CID W-1 spondaic words (Technisonic Studios) were established on 36 listeners with normal hearing. The masking for two conditions, SoNo and S pi No, was accomplished with 70-dB-SPL speech-spectrum noise. The word lists were administered in 2-dB decrements with the 36 words presented at each signal-to noise ratio, which ranged from 9 dB to -19 dB for SoNo and from 3 dB to -25 dB for S pi No. The detection and recognition thresholds determined for each spondaic word under both masking conditions are presented. Additionally, the slopes of the psychometric functions for each word under both conditions are given. The mean masking-level difference (SoNo-S pi No) for the detection response task was 9.4 dB (SD = .7 dB). The mean masking-level difference for the recognition task was 7.2 dB (SD = 1.4 dB). The recognition masking-level differences for the individual spondaic words ranged from 4.4 dB (stairway) to 10.0 dB (oatmeal). A list of 10 words that had the largest masking-level differences for recognition is suggested to enhance the clinical utility of the masking-level difference for speech. PMID- 7120965 TI - Cued Speech and the reception of spoken language. AB - This study was designed to investigate the effect of Cued Speech on the speech reception abilities of profoundly hearing-impaired children under seven conditions of presentation: audition; lipreading; audition and lipreading; cues; audition and cues; lipreading and cues; and audition, lipreading, and cues. The 18 subjects had been taught through the use of Cued Speech for at least 4 years. The subjects were presented with specially designed speech tests (syllables and key words in sentences) which had been recorded on color videotape, and they responded in writing. Speech reception scores of over 95% with the key word in sentence materials and over 80% with the syllables were obtained with lipreading plus cues, and with audition, lipreading plus cues. Equally high levels of accuracy in speech reception by such children have not previously been reported. The subjects also demonstrated the ability to use audition with the sentence materials, both in combination with lipreading and with cues, though there were large individual differences under these conditions. Speech reception abilities in the lipreading-plus-audition condition were highly correlated with scores for speech production, whereas language attainments were correlated with reception through Cued Speech. The implications of these findings to the field of aural rehabilitation are discussed. PMID- 7120966 TI - Visual backward masking of selected visemes. AB - Five adult subjects with normal hearing and vision viewed tachistoscopically projected photographs of a talker uttering six phonemes. Experiment 1 determined discrimination of the visemes as a function of exposure duration (12-44 msec) and demonstrated that recognition of certain lip postures was a direct function of duration whereas for other postures duration appeared to interact with other variables. In Experiment 2, fixed duration stimuli (17 msec) were followed immediately by a variable duration masking stimulus (12-45 msec), and in Experiment 3 the test stimuli varied (22-52 msec) and the masking stimulus was fixed (45 msec). Results showed that under both conditions test stimuli were masked when the masker was at least as long as the test stimuli. In Experiment 4, the test stimuli and masking stimulus were held constant (15 msec and 45 msec, respectively) while a variable (7-37 msec) ISI was interposed. Delaying the masker did not improve recognition scores. Conclusions were (a) lip postures are subject to backward recognition masking and the effect varies in degree; (b) the processing of lip postures begins with a short-term storage of the posture; and (c) the initial stage of perceptual processing requires more than 37 msec. To the extent that this task parallels the speechreading process, the results would not support training procedures based at the level of single visemes. PMID- 7120967 TI - Temporal characteristics of "functionally" misarticulated /s/ in 4- to 6-year-old children. AB - This paper reviews instrumental studies of "functional" misarticulations in children and reports an experiment involving acoustic measures of the duration of normally articulated and misarticulated /s/. Three subject groups (n = 7 in each group) included normally articulating adults, normally articulating children, and children who misarticulate the /s/ sound. Multiple repetitions of nonsense sequences containing /s/ were obtained from each subject, and group and individual subject comparisons were based on means, standard deviations, and the derived coefficient of variation associated with /s/ duration. Results indicate that /s/ durations of misarticulating children are significantly more variable than those of normally articulating children, and that this difference is more striking in /s/-stop clusters than in the case of singleton /s/. The possibility is raised that the variability differences between the two child groups may reflect differences in speech motor control capabilities. It is suggested that such control differences should predict temporal variability differences between the two child groups for sounds which are articulated correctly by children in both groups. In addition, these variability differences should be observed for the spectral dimension of speech sound production, since this measure is sensitive to control of articulatory configuration. PMID- 7120968 TI - A comparison of stutterers and nonstutterers in a task of controlled voice onset. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine if stutters and nonstutters differed in their ability to initiate phonation repeatedly with a gentle voice onset. Ten stutterers and ten nonstutterers were asked to phonate the vowel /a/ with an average rise time slower than 52.3 dB/sec while starting the voice at or below 63 dB SPL. Voice productions were monitored by a voice monitor, which is used in the administration of the Precision Fluency Shaping Program. Measurements of number of attempts and time to reach criterion, percentage of correct productions, and intensity levels of each production were made. There were no significant differences between the two groups for any of the variables examined. Results were compared with other studies demonstrating phonatory differences between stutterers and nonstutterers. PMID- 7120969 TI - Interpreting the Leiter IQ: performance profiles of young normal and language disordered children. AB - Language-disordered children with normal range performance IQ may nevertheless evidence cognitive deficits. This suggests the need for content validity studies of performance tests of intelligence. In the current investigation, items from the Leiter International Performance Scale (LIPS) were analyzed for their conceptual versus perceptual character; these item groupings were then used to create intratest LIPS profiles for 16 language-disordered children and 16 children with normal language, aged 4:4-5:5, who were matched for CA, sex, and Leiter IQ. Interjudge (N = 4) reliability for determination of item type was 96%, and the results of the item analysis revealed that 65% of LIPS items in the 2-8 year range were perceptual in nature. A repeated-measures ANOVA indicated that subjects performed relatively better on the perceptual items regardless of group (p less than .01) and that there were no significant group differences. Analysis of individual subject profiles, however, revealed accentuated intratest profiles for two of the language-disordered subjects and reversal of the dominant perceptual greater than conceptual trend for four of the language-disordered subjects. These results indicate that LIPS scores for children under age 8 primarily represent their ability to assess the physical characteristics of visual stimuli and may not adequately reflect the transforming, interpretive aspects of nonverbal cognition. PMID- 7120970 TI - The ontogenesis of agent: cognitive notion. AB - Children's early 1- and 2-word utterances appear to encode the concept of agent, thus suggesting that this semantic notion has its origin in prior sensorimotor development. Specifically, the nonverbal concept of agent has been alluded to in research regarding young children's development of the cognitive notion of causality and the pragmatic category of requests for action. In this study children's awareness of the nonverbal agent concept was defined by gestural behaviors--that is, actions on objects and other people--occurring during request interactions with their mothers and the investigator. Three children were observed in their homes approximately once a month for 1 year, from their 11th through 22nd months of life. During each hour-long visit, the children were engaged in free play and in tasks designed to result in the children's requesting help from an adult. Based on the observation of the children's changing nonverbal behaviors over the 12 months, a 5-level developmental sequence documenting the evolution of the cognitive notion of agent is presented. PMID- 7120971 TI - The ontogenesis of agent: linguistic expression. AB - Three children were followed longitudinally for 12 months, between their 11th and 22nd months of life, to document their development of the linguistic expression of the agent concept. The children were observed approximately once a month in play and structured activities designed to elicit nonverbal and linguistic behaviors indicative of the children's awareness of the agent concept. This study describes how the linguistic behaviors (i.e., vocalizations, single-word utterances, and multiword utterances) were paired with emerging nonverbal agentive behaviors over the 12-month period. The children's first vocalizations were consistently paired with directive nonverbal agentive behaviors. With the emergence of the mature cognitive notion of agent, the children produced single word utterances coding the agent in agent-action-recipient events. And finally, for two of the children, multiword utterances coding two aspects of agent-action recipient events were produced. The evolution of paired nonverbal agentive behaviors and different utterance types has provided evidence supporting the linguistic expression of an underlying cognitive notion. PMID- 7120972 TI - The processing of printed language by aphasic adults: some phonological and syntactic effects. AB - Eight aphasic and eight brain-damaged nonaphasic patients silently "read" a short passage while performing an internal search for specified consonant letters of varying phonological and syntactic salience. The nonaphasic patients showed the phonological and syntactic effects customarily achieved by normal readers. For example, they were more likely to find a letter if it were pronounced than if it were silent, and they were more likely to find a letter if it were in a content word than in a function word. The aphasics had reliable phonological effects but no observable syntactic effects. Those aphasics with relatively large phonological effects performed better on a separate task requiring the oral reading of isolated words. For reading theory, the primary message from this study is that phonological recoding may occur between word recognition and the completion of semantic analysis, and that recoding may not by itself be sufficient to reading for meaning. For aphasia theory, the main implication of this study is that aphasics read by applying the appropriate phonological strategies, but that such strategies are limited in the face of ineffective syntactic and semantic processing, as occurs in aphasia. PMID- 7120973 TI - Speaking fundamental frequency characteristics of nonsmoking female adults. PMID- 7120974 TI - The role of technology in vascular surgery. PMID- 7120975 TI - Safety of medical electrical equipment and BS5724. PMID- 7120976 TI - Finger joint force predictions related to design of joint replacements. PMID- 7120977 TI - A piezoelectric method of measuring the vertical contact stress beneath the human foot. PMID- 7120978 TI - Nonlinearity in pulmonary airway dynamics. AB - The paper describes an approach for determining nonlinearity in the pulmonary airway dynamic system, assuming a crude but linear model of the system. The linear electrical analogue representation of the dynamic system, found to be applicable only during the inspiratory phase of the respiration process, is considered as the basic model of the system. Control theory is used for nonlinearization of the dynamic process by considering the presence of an additional pressure source actuating the basic model and accounting for the system nonlinearity, which is found to be predominantly present during the expiratory phase. On analysis of the basic model, the form of the nonlinearizing signal is determined by examining the closeness between the model response and actual response of a typical patient. The use of this signal in a modified modelling of the process and in its computer simulation study is indicated. PMID- 7120979 TI - A hybrid device for measurement of left ventricular heat production. AB - The presented hybrid system allows precise temperature measurements in various sites of the circulation, from the acquisition and preprocessing of dilution curves. From haemodynamic data and left ventricular heat production, an in situ estimate of left heart efficiency is made available. A simplifying hypothesis allows the determination of total left ventricular heat production from three data inputs: (1) the coronary sinus blood flowrate, (2) the thermal coronary veno arterial difference, (3) the ratio of thermodilution curves areas recorded in the aortic root and the coronary sinus, following a rapid injection in the left ventricular cavity of cold isotonic glucose. Experiments were performed on anaesthetized, artificially ventilated, closed-chest dogs, into which five catheters and probes had been inserted. PMID- 7120980 TI - Finite-element-analysis and experimental investigation of stresses in a femur. AB - The state of stress of an intact femur was analysed using a three-dimensional finite element model. One of a pair of femora was used for determination of data for the 3-D model. The other was instrumented with 34 rosette strain gauges for experimental measurements. Good agreement of analytical and experimental data was achieved. For six modes of loading, the deflections and the principal and comparison stresses were determined and compared. The upper one third and the diaphysis of the femur are differently affected in their state of stress, by different modes of loading including simulation of the abductor muscles and the iliotibial tract. For qualitative stress studies of the diaphysis, loading by a single force on the femoral head parallel to the shaft axis may be adequate. PMID- 7120981 TI - A portable radiotelemetry receiver for ambulatory monitoring. PMID- 7120982 TI - A simple program for a phaseless recursive digital filter. PMID- 7120983 TI - The educational sequelae of a randomized prospective study. PMID- 7120984 TI - Canine left ventricular volume and mass during thoracotomy by two-dimensional echocardiography. Increased ventricular mass after ischemia and reperfusion. PMID- 7120985 TI - Hemodynamic effects of cecal ligation sepsis in dogs. PMID- 7120986 TI - The effect of protein depletion upon tumor growth and host survival. PMID- 7120987 TI - Temporal alterations of intracellular Na, K, Ca, Mg, and PO4 in muscle beneath the burn wound. PMID- 7120989 TI - Preservation of splenic tissue prevents postsplenectomy pulmonary sepsis following bacterial challenge. PMID- 7120988 TI - Effect of disuse and thermal injury on protein turnover in skeletal muscle. PMID- 7120990 TI - Evaluation of platelet kinetics in 47 dogs using indium-111. PMID- 7120991 TI - Alcohol and the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe; a twenty-year follow-up study. PMID- 7120992 TI - The natural history of alcoholism over four years after treatment. PMID- 7120993 TI - Natural history of male alcoholism. II. The relationship between different diagnostic dimensions. PMID- 7120996 TI - A comparison of the attitudes of Czechoslovakian and American psychologists and psychiatrists toward alcoholism. PMID- 7120994 TI - Locus of control and the quantity--frequency index of alcohol use. PMID- 7120995 TI - Experimental bias resulting from using volunteers in alcoholism research. PMID- 7120997 TI - Evaluation of a day clinic for alcoholics. PMID- 7120998 TI - Seeking help for drinking problems; a study in the Boston Metropolitan Area. PMID- 7120999 TI - Beer consumption as an interaction of motives for drinking and videotape-modeled drinking behavior. PMID- 7121000 TI - Life events, drinking patterns and depressive symptomatology; the stress buffering role of alcohol consumption. PMID- 7121001 TI - Social drinking and self-esteem in married couples. PMID- 7121002 TI - Alcohol consumption and response in men social drinkers; the effects of causal attributions concerning relative response control. PMID- 7121003 TI - An evaluation of two school-based alcohol education programs. PMID- 7121005 TI - Alcohol consumption in natural settings as a function of sex, age and income level. PMID- 7121004 TI - The role of a physical fitness program in the treatment of alcoholism. PMID- 7121006 TI - The relationship between changes in drinking behavior and psychological need satisfaction. PMID- 7121007 TI - The time-budget study of tavern-going: a validation. PMID- 7121008 TI - Experimental automaticity induced by mechanical lesion in rat isolated right ventricle: the effects of quinidine, phenytoin, and propranolol. PMID- 7121009 TI - A newly devised reliable method for evaluating analgesic potencies of drugs on trigeminal pain. AB - A pain-producing substance, bradykinin (0.63--1.25 ng in 0.5--1.0 microliter of distilled water), was applied onto the tooth pulp of the lower incisor of unrestrained rats through a cannula fixed on the surfaces of the incisors using a microsyringe. Such a microapplication of bradykinin induced biting response and other aversive behaviors. When the microapplications were repeated at intervals of 60 min, the biting response seemed most characteristic and reproducible. Therefore, the duration of biting response was used as a measure in studying the effects of drugs on trigeminal pain. If biting duration was inhibited 90% or more after drug administration the effect was considered analgesic. Carbamazepine and phenytoin, which are clinically employed for treating trigeminal neuralgia, and morphine, a narcotic analgesic, produced dose-dependent analgesic effects in this method and the corresponding ED50 values were 13.1 intraperitoneally (ip), 75.0 ip, and 3.00 subcutaneously (sc) mg/kg, respectively. On the other hand, pentobarbital (15 mg/kg, ip), diazepam (1.0 mg/kg, ip), and aspirin (150 mg/kg, ip) were not effective in suppressing the biting response. These results indicate that this newly devised method in the rat is reliable and feasible in evaluating pain related the trigeminal system. PMID- 7121010 TI - A procedure for rapid evaluation of the discriminative stimulus effects of drugs. AB - Rhesus monkeys were trained in a two-lever drug-discrimination procedure with several discrete trials per session. During training sessions, either a sham injection or a subcutaneous injection of the training drug was administered ten minutes prior to each trial. During each trial, completion of 100 consecutive responses on the lever appropriate for the animal's pharmacological condition (e.g., left for sham, right for drug) resulted in the delivery of three grams of food. Training sessions consisted of from zero to four sham trials that preceded two consecutive drug trials. The number of sham trials varied unsystematically to preclude discrimination of the drug trials on the basis of the number of preceding trials. Discriminations were established with each of the training drugs employed (codeine, methohexital, and ketamine). During dose-effect evaluations of the training drug or other drugs (test sessions), a progressively large dose of drug was injected prior to each trial and 100 consecutive responses on either the sham- or drug-appropriate lever resulted in the delivery of food. Test sessions continued until either drug-lever responding or a marked suppression in the rate of responding occurred. Thus, a cumulative dose-effect curve for each drug was generated within a single session. Preliminary findings suggest that the pattern of cross-drug generalization generated by this cumulative-dosing procedure is similar to that obtained with procedures that evaluate only a single dose of drug per session. PMID- 7121011 TI - Quantitative estimation of etomidate in water, plasma and blood. A comparison between high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. PMID- 7121012 TI - A small animal model for monitoring inotropic responses to cardiotonic agents. AB - A method for evaluating potential cardiotonic agents in vivo has been developed in a small laboratory animal. In this study, right ventricular inotropic responses are measured in an anesthetized, closed-chested guinea pig using a pressure-sensitive transducer inserted into the right ventricle of the heart via the right jugular vein. dp/dt is used as an index of ventricular contractility. Agents known to have positive inotropic effects in other models were found to have similar effects using this new method. Some advantages of using such a model include: relatively rapid surgical preparation; use of less costly small animals; and the need for less compound for experimentation. PMID- 7121013 TI - Dynamic properties of a retrograde superfusion system for isolated right atria including effects of histamine H2 receptor agonists. AB - A retrograde superfusion technique is described for spontaneously beating guinea pig right atrium where both force of contraction and rate are recorded simultaneously. Drugs are applied to the system in bolus injections and the concentrations attained in the organ bath after these injections are computed through an analog system by means of measuring injected dye dilutions in a spectrophotometer. Actions of histamine and histamine H2-receptor agonists 4 methyl histamine, dimaprit, and impromidine on the preparation for the mentioned parameters are investigated. By comparing responses to bolus injections with infusions of agonists, it is concluded that all four agonists tested are rapidly passing to the biophase, and the system can be used as an alternative for the classical organ bath. Dose-response characteristics of the tested agonists are satisfactory and affinity values found are in agreement with the values reported for bathed systems. PMID- 7121014 TI - Sensitive formaldehyde determination with Nash's reagent and a 'tryptophan reaction'. AB - The widely applied Nash-method and its modifications have unsatisfactory specificity and restricted sensitivity for the determination of small amounts of formaldehyde. A method using small volumes of reaction mixtures with low background absorbance is described; this method avoids dilution during the protein denaturation step by the use of trichloroacetic acid. Alternatively a 'tryptophan-sulfuric acid-iron' reaction takes advantage of high specificity for formaldehyde detection. A more economical and sensitive variant is described including trichloroacetic acid precipitation of protein. The sensitivity and specificity of the colour development reaction of the 'tryptophan-sulfuric acid iron' reaction appears to be superior to the Nash-modification. However the detection of formaldehyde by the NASH method can also be amplified by subsequent extraction and concentration of the reaction product diacetyl-dihydrolutidine into n-amyl alcohol so that a formaldehyde amount of few nanomoles can be determined. The application of these methods is recommended in cases of formaldehyde formation in small amounts such as in cell cultures or when kinetic data at low substrate concentrations and slow turnover rates have to be measured. PMID- 7121015 TI - Testing for drugs inhibiting the formation of gastric ulcers. AB - Copper salicylate has been shown to be an inhibitor of gastric lesions in rats induced by aspirin, indomethacin and cold stress whereas cimetidine was only effective against those produced by cold stress. The results are in line with those reported earlier for the anti-ulcer activity of sodium salicylate and metiamide respectively. On this basis, it appears that the animal model of stress induced gastric lesions in the rat is the most suitable for testing the activity of new-antiulcer drugs. PMID- 7121016 TI - An in vivo procedure for estimating spasmolytic activity in the rat by measuring smooth muscle contractions to topically applied acetylcholine. AB - An in vivo procedure for evaluating potential organ selectivity of spasmolytics has been developed. This involves the determination of comparative potencies, expressed as DR10 of spasmolytics against contractions induced by topical application of acetylcholine on rat colon, rectum and urinary bladder. Experiments with two well known spasmolytics, namely N-butyl-scopolammonium bromide and dicyclomine HCl yielded results consistent with data reported in the literature. This procedure provides a rapid, inexpensive and rather accurate estimate of organ selectivity of spasmolytics. PMID- 7121018 TI - An improved, ultrasonic auxotonic transducer for use with isolated tissues. AB - A new type of auxotonic transducer is described which utilises ultrasonic (40 KHz) radiation as an indirect means of detecting length changes in isolated tissues. The transducer is very sensitive to small changes in tissue length and is electrically stable with an adequate frequency response suitable for detecting changes in a wide range of isolated tissues. The transducer does not require an external bridge circuit or external amplification to provide a DC signal adequate to drive a pen recorder (0--1 mV). Applications of the transducer to pharmacological experiments are shown. PMID- 7121019 TI - The probability of obtaining complex kinetic curves for enzyme mechanisms with cubic terms in the pseudo-steady state rate equations. PMID- 7121017 TI - A simple procedure for assessing norepinephrine-induced cellular and extracellular Ca++ mobilization in rabbit ear artery. AB - Although the response of vascular smooth muscle to norepinephrine (NE) is biphasic in nature, there is no simple procedure for the separate quantitative analysis of intracellular and extracellular Ca++ dependent NE-induced contractions. Intraluminal NE in high-K+Ca++-free medium produces a dose dependent contraction which is selectively antagonized by procaine (1 X 10(-3) M- 5 X 10(-3) M). Subsequent reperfusion with normal Krebs of NE-pretreated arterial segments results in a dose-dependent contraction which is strictly related to extracellular Ca++ concentration and is selectively inhibited by verapamil (5 X 10(-6) M--5 X 10(-5) M). These results can be interpreted as an indication that this procedure is suitable for the separate analysis of the capability of vasoactive drugs to differentially mobilize cellular and extracellular Ca++ pools in perfused rabbit ear artery preparations. PMID- 7121021 TI - Physico-chemical properties of organic compounds and the energetics of metabolism. PMID- 7121020 TI - Dynamics of fluid accumulation in intestinal segments. PMID- 7121022 TI - Asymptotic regular pattern of epidermal cells in mammalian skin. PMID- 7121023 TI - A systematic bias against altruism due to an inevitable hitchhiking process in the hymenoptera (a sequel to the elevator effect). PMID- 7121024 TI - Towards a basis for classification: the incompleteness of distance measures, incompatibility analysis and phenetic classification. PMID- 7121025 TI - The effect of the membrane compression wave on the light scattering spectrum from a protein monomer-dimer equilibrium. PMID- 7121026 TI - Genotype dynamics in populations with breeding pairs. PMID- 7121027 TI - The electric potential profile across the erythrocyte membrane. PMID- 7121028 TI - Modified nucleotides: their conformational characteristics. PMID- 7121029 TI - The identification of unbranched enzyme kinetic mechanisms by computer analysis of qualitative information: logic of the method. PMID- 7121030 TI - Why are there so many tiny sperm? Sperm competition and the maintenance of two sexes. PMID- 7121031 TI - Analysis of a stochastic model of cell survival. PMID- 7121032 TI - The logical structure of irreversible systems transformations: a theorem concerning Dollo's law and chaotic movement. PMID- 7121033 TI - Evolution of regulatory enzymes towards functional simplicity. PMID- 7121035 TI - A stochastic model of cellular senescence. II. Concordance with experimental data. PMID- 7121034 TI - Ab-initio refinement of an orbital-centred force field for biomolecules. Test cases including peptides, a sulphonamide and modelling of DNA helices. PMID- 7121037 TI - Theory of distributed quiescent state in the cell cycle. PMID- 7121036 TI - Ab initio molecular orbital study on the effects of zinc ion, its ligands and ionic amino acid residues for proton transfer energetics between Glu 270 and Zn co-ordinated water molecule in carboxypeptidase A. PMID- 7121038 TI - Growth process and interfacial process considered in connection with specific surface area. PMID- 7121039 TI - Survival in patients undergoing tracheal sleeve pneumonectomy for bronchogenic carcinoma. AB - Thirty-four patients underwent tracheal sleeve pneumonectomy during the years 1964 through 1981. In 30 patients, simultaneous resection of the right lung and carina was performed with an anastomosis established between the left main bronchus and trachea. In four patients a previous pneumonectomy had been performed (two right and two left) and, because of recurrence in the stump, resection of the stump and carina was carried out with either right or left bronchotracheal anastomosis. Preoperative irradiation was given in 28 of the patients in the group, and tumor sterilization occurred in six of those so treated. Four of 30 patients are long-term survivors: Two are still alive and free of cancer at 7 and more than 11 years postoperatively. One patient in the group of four with stump recurrence is alive more than 11 years postoperatively. All long-term survivors had epidermoid carcinoma and all received preoperative irradiation. The most frequent complications were fistula formation and pneumonia, resulting in 10 deaths in the perioperative period for a mortality of 29%. The 5 year survival rate of the entire group was 15%, and the survival rate by life-table analysis in the 30 patients with lung and carinal resection was 13.3% at 5 and 8.8% at 10 years. PMID- 7121040 TI - Mini-thoracotomy and chest tube insertion for children with empyema. AB - In contrast to the two prior decades, empyema in children has become a rare disease during the past 10 years. Thirty-two children with empyema from all causes were treated at The Children's Memorial Hospital in Chicago in the 11 years between 1970 and 1982. Twenty cases followed postinfectious pneumonia, most commonly due to Staphylococcus aureus. The remaining patients had either an esophageal leak or a pleural infection following an intrathoracic operation. Fourteen of our patients were managed with a "mini-thoracotomy," which allowed accurate drainage of purulent material, debridement of fibrinous exudate, and rapid expansion of the lung with prompt relief from fever and toxicity. In our hands, this procedure provided results which were superior to those obtained with simple closed chest tube drainage. In addition, during this period of time, ultrasound examination of the chest has provided a rapid, accurate technique for the early detection and localization of fluid accumulations within the pleural cavity. Pre-drainage thoracentesis can be accurately guided by ultrasonic imaging. PMID- 7121041 TI - Cardiovascular effects of protamine sulfate in man. AB - Systemic hypotension is commonly observed in association with the administration of protamine after cardiopulmonary bypass. Previous studies have not conclusively demonstrated whether protamine induces its effect by altering myocardial performance or by changing systemic vascular resistance (SVR) or both. To elucidate the hemodynamic effects of protamine sulfate administration (150 mg/m2 body surface area), we studied 22 patients following cardiopulmonary bypass. In Group I (N = 8) protamine was infused over 30 seconds and while in Group II (N = 8), over 60 seconds. Group III (N = 6) received calcium chloride (20 mg/kg) prior to protamine administration. The hemodynamic response was assessed by continuous recording of myocardial contractile element velocity (maximal value-Vpm), aortic blood flow, systemic and pulmonary arterial and right atrial pressures, and electrocardiogram. A significant (p less than 0.05) decrease in the systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure was observed in all groups. A significant increase in cardiac index and a significant decrease in SVR was observed in all groups. A small depression in Vpm was detected in those patients who experienced a mean blood pressure fall greater than 10 mm Hh. Heart rate and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) did not change significantly. The response to protamine sulfate among the three groups was similar. These results demonstrate that protamine-induced hypotension is primarily the result of peripheral vasodilatation only partically compensated by an increase in cardiac index. In some patients, these changes were associated with a small decline in myocardial contractile state. Hemodynamic changes were transient (less that 3 to 4 minutes), unrelated to the rate of administration, and not prevented by preinjection of calcium chloride. PMID- 7121042 TI - Repair of atrioventricular canal malformation in the first year of life. AB - Disappointing results with pulmonary artery banding and subsequent correction led to the decision in 1977 that all infants presenting to our hospital with atrioventricular (AV) canal and evidence of severe heart failure, lack of growth, or pulmonary hypertension should have early operative correction. Since that time 24 consecutive infants have undergone repair. All had refractory heart failure. Average age at operation was 18 weeks (3 to 38) and average weight was 4.3 kg (2.3 to 6.4). Only four patients were older than 6 months of age at operation. Preoperative peak pulmonary artery pressure was 81 +/- 3.3 mm Hg, which was equal to systemic arterial pressure in all cases. Mean pulmonary-to-systemic resistance ratio was 0.28 +/- 0.05. five patients had moderate mitral regurgitation and five had a ductus arteriosus. Three had significant associated malformations. Profound hypothermia and circulatory arrest were utilized in all patients. Common AV valve tissue was divided and valvular integrity was ensured by resuspension to a single Dacron patch which closed both the atrial and ventricular defects. Operative death occurred in two patients (8%) both with associated defects (one with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection and the other with coarctation). One late death occurred in a patient with associated partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection, and one patient has had a pacemaker implanted. Survivors have been followed for 7 to 60 months. All patients are growing at an increased rate postoperatively. All cardiac medications have been discontinued in 16 of 21 patients. Operative repair of complete atrioventricular canal can be performed in infancy with low operative and late death rates and will relieve signs and symptoms of heart failure and allow more normal growth and development. On the basis of this experience, it appears unnecessary to delay operative correction with the known increased risk of the development of pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 7121043 TI - Determinants of early and late results of repair of atrioventricular septal (canal) defects. AB - The anatomic and functional characteristics of 310 consecutive patients undergoing repair of atrioventricular (AV) septal defects were studied. The characteristics of the six leaflets of the common (139 patients) or two-orifice (171 patients) AV valve are described. Interventricular communications were present in 156 patients and major associated cardiac anomalies in 73 (tetralogy of Fallot 20, double-outlet right ventricle nine, and others). Fifty-one patients (16%) died in hospital. The incremental risk of young age disappeared after 1976. Severity of preoperative AV valve incompetence and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class affected hospital mortality. Current risks for patients without major associated cardiac anomalies are 0.6% to 4% for patients in NYHA Class III without an interventricular communication, depending on the degree of preoperative AV valve incompetence, and 5% to 13% for such patients with an interventricular communication. Actuarial survival at 12 1/2 years postoperatively is 95% when preoperative AV valve incompetence is absent or mild and 88% when it is more severe (Grade 3, 4, or 5). Actually, 92% of hospital survivors are alive and in NYHA class I or II. Failure of the AV valve repair occurred in 32 (10%) of the 310 patients and occurred more frequently when AV valve incompetence was severe preoperatively. Its frequency is reduced by current repair techniques, except in patients without interventricular communication. PMID- 7121044 TI - Elective prolongation of atrioventricular conduction by multiple discrete cryolesions: a new technique for the treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. AB - The present study describes a surgical method for the permanent prolongation of atrioventricular (AV) conduction. In 22 dogs, a series of nine discrete cryolesions were placed along the perimeter of the triangle of Koch while the His bundle electrogram was being monitored continuously. Ten dogs underwent a sham operation to control for the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass and atriotomy on AV conduction. The conduction time through the AV nodal region was significantly (p less than 0.01) prolonged acutely (3 hours postoperatively) and chronically (14 weeks postoperatively) in the animals subjected to cryosurgery. Thus selective cryosurgery in the AV nodal region produces a permanent alteration in AV conduction. This cryosurgical technique may result in ablation of the electrophysiological substrate required for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia resulting from AV nodal reentry. PMID- 7121045 TI - TNM staging in lung cancer: role of computed tomography. AB - Current procedures to determine the clinical staging of disease in patients with lung cancer are lacking in accuracy, particularly regarding the presence of metastatic disease. We have evaluated the use of computed tomography (CT) of the chest, brain, and upper abdomen for clinical staging of the extent of disease in 113 consecutive patients with histologically confirmed carcinoma of the lung. Comparisons with mediastinoscopy and surgical findings were made regarding the extent of primary tumor in 47 patients and nodal involvement in 41 patients. The CT scan showed a sensitivity of 86.9%, a specificity of 91.6%, and an accuracy of 89.3% for extrapulmonary extension of the primary tumor and a sensitivity of 50%, a specificity of 96.5% and an accuracy of 82.9% for mediastinal node involvement. Thirty-two of the 85 patients studied by total body CT scan had distant metastasis, of which 24 (75%) were clinically silent. Thus 28.2% of the 85 patients studied had asymptomatic metastatic disease. We conclude that CT of the chest, brain, and upper abdomen is a reliable procedure for staging lung cancer. PMID- 7121046 TI - New approach to esophagocardiomyotomy: report of forty cases. AB - The major postoperative complications of esophagocardiomyotomy (ECM) for achalasia are peptic esophagitis due to gastroesophageal reflux and recurrence. According to other authors, the incidence of postoperative esophagitis is 15% ot 25%. We report the results obtained in 40 patients treated by our own surgical technique, which is based on precise anatomic and physiopathological criteria. With this technique an ECM without esophagogastric mobilization is performed via a lower thoracotomy with partial perihiatal phrenotomy. There were no intraoperative or postoperative deaths. Two patients had postoperative basal pleurisy which was cured easily in a short time. In 36 of these patients, a follow-up ranging between 15 years and 6 months revealed a complete remission of dysphagia. The patients had significant and speedy improvement in their general condition. Seven patients had substernal pyrosis when lying down, but this was relieved in a few months in six of them. In only one patient did it persist for 4 years after the operation. Ph-manometric serial control studies performed in all the patients revealed, except in one case, normal pressure and pH values in the lower esophagus. Because of these results, we consider our ECM technique very effective in the treatment of achalasia. PMID- 7121047 TI - Cardiac operation during active infective endocarditis: results of aortic, mitral, and double valve replacement in 94 patients. AB - Cardiac valve replacement was performed in 94 patients (95 operations) in the presence of active infective endocarditis. Most of the patients were extremely ill. The operation was performed as an emergency or semiemergency lifesaving procedure in 88% of them, and more than half received little or no antibiotic treatment prior to the operation. The hospital mortality was 16%--14% for aortic valve replacement (AVR) and 11% for double valve replacement (DVR) but 31% for isolated mitral valve replacement (MVR). The mortality was not higher in patients operated on urgently (emergency or semiemergency), nor was it higher in patients who had aortic annular abscesses or aneurysms. Prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) (in each case occurring more than 60 days after the previous valve operation) carried a higher mortality (33%) than native valve endocarditis (NVE) (14%). The relatively high early mortality for MVR may have been related to the fact that we operated upon MVR patients after intensive medical treatment had failed. The late results were good: Sixty-six patients are alive and well, 51 of them in Functional Class I. Six patients were reoperated upon for aortic periprosthetic leaks, and five are now well. Eight patients died late (9%), one of them because of a periprosthetic leak and one because of a clotted valve. In seven of the eight deaths, the cause of death was probably not related to the timing of the original operation. We recommend early valve replacement for patients with infective endocarditis. We believe that early operation reduces mortality, prevents emboli, and is associated with excellent long-term results. PMID- 7121048 TI - Use of cold blood cardioplegia to protect against coronary microcirculatory injury due to ischemia and reperfusion. AB - The effect of cold blood cardioplegia in preventing microvascular injury owing to myocardial ischemia and reperfusion was studied. Two groups of eight dogs each were placed on cardiopulmonary bypass with separate coronary perfusion at 80 mm Hg. Microcirculatory function was assessed by measuring the extraction and permeability surface area product (PS) for inulin and albumin. These changes were correlated with the transport and extraction of oxygen, coronary blood flow, and morphologic studies of the microvasculature. In Group I, ischemic hearts were kept normothermic for 45 minutes. In Group II, 250 ml of cold (4 degrees C) blood cardioplegic solution (potassium chloride 30 mEq/L) was infused and the infusion repeated at 15 and 30 minutes. Reperfusion resulted in marked reactive hyperemia for Group I (p less than 0.05) but no hyperemic response in Group II. In Group I, but not II, ischemia-reperfusion caused a significant decrease in PS inulin (0.47 +/- 0.10 ml/min/gm) compared to the preischemic value (1.04 +/- 0.23) (p less than 0.05). There was a threefold decrease in the PS inulin/PS albumin ratio with reperfusion in Group I, indicating increased vascular permeability to albumin. There was also a significant decrease in myocardial oxygen consumption (from 5.1 +/- 0.7 to 3.4 +/- 0.5 ml/min/100 gm, p less than 0.05) for Group I. These did not decrease for Group II. Histologic studies showed diffused areas of no reflow in the unprotected hearts. The wet/dry weight ratio for Group I (4.97 +/- 0.09) was significantly greater than for Group II (4.49 +/- 0.07) (p less than 0.001). The results indicate that in the unprotected heart, ischemia-reperfusion caused microcirculatory injury resulting in increased permeability to albumin, edema, a reduction in surface area, and areas of no reflow. In contrast, in the hearts protected with cold blood cardioplegia, no evidence of microcirculatory injury occurred. PMID- 7121049 TI - Left-to-right shunt at atrial level due to anomalous venous connection of left lung: report of seven cases. AB - Our experience with seven patients with partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC) of the left lung, treated between 1955 and 1980, is reviewed. The developmental aspects and the hemodynamic effects of the anomaly are discussed, and the patterns of the abnormal venous connection in our patients are described. All the patients except one had an additional atrial septal defect (ASD). Treatment consisted in closure of the ASD and creation of a large anastomosis between the detached or ligated anomalous connecting vein and the left atrium, preferably the left auricular appendage. No operative or late deaths occurred; and except for atrial flutter, which lasted a few days in one case, there were no serious complications. The indication for repair, the problems of the anastomosis, and the points of postoperative attention are discussed. PMID- 7121050 TI - Iron therapy after cardiac operation: one prescription less? PMID- 7121051 TI - Orthoterminal correction of congenital heart disease: double cava-pulmonary anastomosis. PMID- 7121052 TI - Colony-forming assay for circulating chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. AB - In these studies, we report adaptation of a colony-forming assay to chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) peripheral blood cells. T-lymphocyte-depleted CLL peripheral blood cells were cultured with irradiated, normal T cells and media conditioned by normal, mitogen-stimulated T cells in methylcellulose. Colonies containing small and transformed lymphocytes appeared after 5-7 days incubation. The plating efficiency of CLL colonies was 0.15 +/- 0.08% (x +/- S.D.), similar to that of other colony-forming systems. The majority of CLL colony-forming cells were in S phase (50 +/- 4% x +/- S.E.) as determined by thymidine suicide and the fraction of colony-forming cells in S phase was inversely related to the WBC. Cells harvested from CLL colonies lacked surface markers for T lymphocytes and stained positively for monoclonal surface and/or cytoplasmic immunoglobulin light chains. A 1-h incubation was used to study the in vitro response of CLL colony forming cells to adriamycin and melphalan. Preliminary studies suggest differences in patterns of in vitro sensitivity to melphalan between patients previously treated with alkylating agents and those who had not received treatment. This system can be used to study regulation of CLL cell proliferation, and may have utility in predicting response to chemotherapeutic agents. PMID- 7121053 TI - Antigenic and chromosomal changes in thymus and spleen of Balb/Mo mice during leukemogenesis. AB - The Balb/Mo mouse strain carries a single copy of the germ line integrated Moloney leukemia virus (M-MuL V) and shows a high leukemia frequency. According to the clinical manifestations lymphomas can be divided into two major categories. In one type the thymus appears to be the primary site for lymphoma development. The second type is dominated by the generalized enlargement of spleen and lymph nodes. Individual lymphomas differ in the cell surface expression of Thy 1.2, MCSA (designated operationally as the M-MuL V-determined cell surface antigen) and viral p30 antigens. In addition, spleen and thymus of the same leukemic animal often differ antigenically. The karyotype of cells from enlarged organs is diploid or shows trisomy of chromosome 15. Lymphomas developing in Balb/Mo mice are thus heterogeneous with regard to clinical manifestations, cell surface antigens and karyotype and, in this respect, do not differ from lymphomas arising after the inoculation of exogenous M-MuL V. Amplification of the M-MuL V genome in young Balb/Mo mice is not accompanied by the appearance of MCSA on thymus cells. Still, 32% of lymphomas are MCSA positive. The results suggest that MCSA is related to a virus activated in a minority of Balb/Mo mice during the late phase of leukemogenesis. PMID- 7121054 TI - A mechanographic method for measurement of muscle tone in the conscious rat. The calf muscle stretch response in reserpine-induced rigidity. AB - A simple mechanographic method for the measurement of muscle tone in awake rats is presented. It utilizes principles corresponding to those in clinical assessment of tone and it has been applied to an animal model of Parkinson's disease: the reserpine-treated rat. The rat was restrained by a plastic cylinder and by metal cuffs at the ankles. The hind feet were repeatedly dorsiflexed by an electromechanical manipulator and the resulting calf muscle tension was indirectly measured with a strain-gauge system. The relative contributions to the stretch response from the different muscle groups acting on the ankle joint in the awake and untreated rat and during reserpine-induced rigidity are described. Very little active tension was found in the untreated rat. After treatment with reserpine, continuous activation of the muscle was found in EMG recordings and there was a sharp increase in the tension recorded during stretch. The static response to the increased isometric stretch was augmented. An additional, tonic response to ramp stretch was elicited at all stretch velocities. There was no evidence for phasic responses to rapid stretch in reserpine-induced rigidity. The amplitude of the myomechanogram was thus found to be independent of the ramp stretch velocity. Subsequent injection of apomorphine abolished the increased stretch response. It is demonstrated that changes in muscle tone could be followed during drug treatment and that the method can be used in investigations of the pathophysiological mechanisms behind the disorders of muscle tone. PMID- 7121056 TI - Retrograde fluorescent neuronal tracing combined with acetylcholinesterase histochemistry. AB - The retrograde fluorescent tracing technique was combined with the di isopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) histochemical procedure for acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Three fluorescent tracers (True blue, Fast blue and Evans blue) were injected into the rat striatum. After the appropriate survival time and after the administration of DFP, AChE reaction products could be observed in the fluorescent retrogradely labeled substantia nigra neurons. The fluorescent retrograde labeling and AChE brown reaction products were observed in the same cell bodies by simply turning on and off the bright-field illumination while observing with fluorescence. The sensitivity of the method appeared to be related to the length of the survival time after the tracer injection as well as after the DFP administration. This combined method allows to study the efferent connections of AChE-containing neurons in the central nervous system. PMID- 7121055 TI - Inexpensive fiber optic two-dimensional densitometer for the high-resolution quantitation of autoradiogram grain densities. AB - The design and construction of a simple, low cost high performance fiber optic 2 dimensional microdensitometer is described. With this instrument the film to be quantitated is placed upon a back-lit frosted glass bench and scanned with an optic fiber probe attached to a transparent micromanipulator. The emerging light is transported by the fiber to the photocell of a direct reading spectrophotometer. The resulting numerical data can either be transcribed, portrayed on a recorder or entered into the memory of a microdata processor for further analysis and comparisons. The instrument was sensitive to very small differences in optical density and could resolve lines 100 but not 30 micrometers apart. It was precise, reliable and easy to build. With the use of this equipment many previously undetected, significant local brain glucose utilization differences were quantitated in groups of unrestrained rodents, maintained in several behavioral states. PMID- 7121057 TI - A method of microperfusion with oxygenated saline as applied to an insect brain. PMID- 7121058 TI - A mechanographic method for measurement of locomotor activity in rats. Effects of dopaminergic drugs and electric stimulation of the brainstem. AB - A simple treadmill arrangement has been developed to quantify the quadruped or hindleg locomotor activity in rats. The method provides information on the accumulated distance passed by the rat in the treadmill but also on the temporal distribution of locomotion and the stepping cycle. It can be used with intact rats but also during stereotaxically guided electric stimulation of the brain. The accumulated locomotion produced by apomorphine showed a partly linear relation to the dose and the results were comparable to those found with other methods. The locomotor effect of brainstem stimulation was enhanced by apomorphine. This method combines the advantages of several other methods and is well suited as a tool for the analysis of nervous regulation of locomotor activity. PMID- 7121059 TI - A simple method for implanting electrodes in freely moving neonatal rats. AB - A simple method for implanting cortical and subcortical electrodes in very young rats is described, which does not interfere with the behavior of the animal during the experiment. The cortical electrodes are anchored to the skull by a spiral whose first loop is introduced between the inner layer of the skull and the dura mater. The subcortical electrodes have a loop which rests above the skull. Both the spirals of the cortical electrodes and the loops of subcortical electrodes are then embedded in dental acrylic. PMID- 7121060 TI - Estimation of volume fractions in nervous tissue with an image analyzer. AB - The calculation of volume fractions in nervous tissue is a method often used in neuroanatomy. In ontogenetic studies and problems concerning aging, as well as after experimental procedures, volume fractions are calculated in order to quantify the results. Grey level index (GLI) and grey cell coefficient (GCC) are different parameters correlated to the volume density of cellular elements in nervous tissue. The grey cell coefficient (GCC) is defined as the volume fraction of cellular elements in a griseum (grey matter area) and is estimated by a basic stereological method (point counting) from observations in two dimensions. The grey level index (GLI), measured with an automatic image analyzer, is the areal proportion of projected profiles of all stained elements within a volume given by the area of the measuring field and the thickness of section. GLI and GCC are compared in specimens obtained by a special histological procedure, and a method to estimate volume fractions by means of GLI-measurement is described. PMID- 7121061 TI - A method for manufacturing long-shanked glass microelectrodes. AB - A method for manufacturing electrolyte-filled glass microelectrodes with long, non-tapering shanks is described. For this purpose a specially-designed device is used in conjunction with a standard vertical electrode puller. This device acts as a speed controller which maintains a constant speed while pulling the long electrode shank. During the final shaping of the electrode tip the action of the speed controller is bypassed. PMID- 7121062 TI - Micropipette puller design: form of the heating filament and effects of filament width on tip length and diameter. AB - Though the ultrafine short tips provided by our micropipette puller are helpful for many preparations, longer tips are still needed for some cases where target cells for intracellular work are deeply embedded in tissue. Because the original 'loop' type of heating filament proved unsuitable for widening to provide the longer tips, we studied simpler forms of heating filaments. By comparison with the common loop design, a rectangular trough filament proved to have many advantages without any significant disadvantage. In particular, this type of filament may be used at varying widths to provide long tips as well as short ones. Thus our micropipette puller can now provide tip lengths that extend upward by continuous gradations from about 6 to 27 mm, while maintaining tip diameter in the ultrafine range of 0.1 micrometer or less. These long tips have proved more reliable and free from bending than long tips traditionally provided by the Livingston puller. By using narrow filaments in conjunction with other parameters that influence tip size, tips have also formed with diameters up to 1.5 micrometers and lengths of only 2-3 mm. PMID- 7121064 TI - Metabolic fate of fatty acids in type II cells isolated from adult rat lung. PMID- 7121066 TI - Percutaneous removal of kidney stones. Preliminary report. AB - We have performed percutaneous extractions of renal pelvic stones in 15 patients with the use of the Wolf percutaneous universal nephroscope. At one session, with the patient under general anesthesia, a percutaneous tract is dilated to 24 F, and the stone is immediately removed. Fifteen stones have been removed successfully by ultrasonic lithotripsy, basket retrieval, use of a forceps, or a combination of these techniques. Average operating time has been 1 hour and the mean hospitalization time 4 days. The advantages of this technique are that a skin incision of only 1 to 2 cm is required to remove the stone, hospital days are fewer than with open procedures, and postoperative morbidity is minimal. In selected situations, this method represents a significant advance over standard open surgical procedures for removal of renal pelvic stones. PMID- 7121065 TI - Isolation and characterization of a membrane-associated, calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 from rabbit lung. PMID- 7121063 TI - Ultrastructure of hamster bronchiolar epithelium in freeze fracture replicas. PMID- 7121067 TI - In vivo platelet survival in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - We studied the in vivo consumption of chromate-labeled platelets in 14 patients with active rheumatoid disease and demonstrated shortened platelet survival in 8. We were unable to find significant relationships between diminished platelet survival and clinical features (including vasculitis), the presence of circulating immune complexes (as measured by both a monoclonal rheumatoid factor and the Raji cell assays), the presence of intravascular coagulopathy with fibrinolysis (as measured by the protamine gel test), other laboratory variables commonly obtained in rheumatoid patients, or various drug regimens. PMID- 7121068 TI - Stabilization of high blood pressure with tricyclic antidepressants and lithium combinations in hypertensive patients. AB - Combinations of tricyclic antidepressant drugs and lithium have been used for certain types of depression. This combination of drugs has a tendency to stabilize or decrease high blood pressure among patients with hypertension, and we have observed such a phenomenon among five patients. In four patients, difficulty was encountered in withdrawing the tricyclic agent because of exacerbation of hypertension. The time required to stabilize blood pressure varied from a few days to a few weeks. Withdrawal of antihypertensive medication was possible after initiation of combination therapy with lithium and tricyclic agents in three patients. A hypothesis for the mechanism of this interesting observation is offered. PMID- 7121069 TI - Monoclonal cryoglobulinemia with high thermal insolubility. AB - It is generally believed that the severity of symptoms associated with cryoglobulinemia is a function of the concentration of the abnormal protein in the plasma. We have seen two patients with a small monoclonal cryoglobulin (type I) of ess than 2 g/dl with dramatic symptoms when exposed to minimal lowering of the temperature. Both patients had a monoclonal protein that precipitated in vitro at temperatures higher than 25 degrees C. We have found only seven additional case reports in the literature which were similar to ours. We wish to bring attention to this rare problem and discuss treatment. PMID- 7121070 TI - Multilocular cysts of the peritoneum. AB - Multilocular cysts of the peritoneum diagnosed at the Mayo Clinic from 1907 through 1981 were examined and divided, on the basis of their light microscopic features, into two groups--cystic mesotheliomas and cystic lymphangiomas. There are apparent clinical differences between the two groups. Cystic mesotheliomas tend to occur in adult females and often recur. Cystic lymphangiomas occur most often in males, often develop in children, and rarely recur, if at all. The distinguishing histologic features are the cytologic characteristics of the cells lining the cysts and the presence or absence of smooth muscle in the wall of the cysts. PMID- 7121071 TI - Thymic neoplasia in two male siblings. AB - Thymic tumors are uncommon, and malignant variants of such neoplasms are rare. Hence, the association of two siblings with aggressive tumors of the thymus is not likely to be a coincidence. We report on two brothers with thymic epithelial neoplasms, one being a thymic carcinoma and the other an invasive spindle cell thymoma with associated hypogammaglobulinemia. PMID- 7121072 TI - The use of clonidine for management of opiate abstinence in a chronic pain patient. AB - The use of clonidine in the management of opiate abstinence is presented in a patient dependent upon levorphanol tartrate given for chronic pain. Use of levorphanol was abruptly discontinued, and the patient was monitored for signs and symptoms of opiate withdrawal. He manifested a significant increase in pulse and blood pressure and had perspiration, agitation, and opiate-seeking behavior. Clonidine effectively abolished these signs and symptoms. The mechanism by which clonidine prevents the opiate abstinence syndrome is discussed. Clonidine is a safe and inexpensive means of achieving rapid opiate withdrawal. PMID- 7121073 TI - The implications for antidepressant therapy of measurement of urinary MHPG. PMID- 7121074 TI - Percutaneous renal stone removal. PMID- 7121075 TI - Autoimmune hemolytic anemia and primary biliary cirrhosis. PMID- 7121076 TI - Drug-induced failure. PMID- 7121077 TI - Models of parasystole and reentry in isolated Purkinje fibers. PMID- 7121078 TI - Coronary blood flow and exercise training. PMID- 7121080 TI - [Toxic liver injury caused by kerosine]. PMID- 7121079 TI - Quantitative computed tomography of bone. AB - Computed tomography (CT) is well accepted as an imaging procedure, but comparatively little effort has been made to utilize the potential capability of CT to quantify tissue densities and composition. There are two reasons for this. First, precision and accuracy of quantification are limited by nonlinear effects. These effects are nonlocal and are object and scanner dependent. Second, intraindividual and interindividual variations of tissue compositions are considerable. Single energy measurements require restrictive assumptions on tissue compositions. The diagnosis and treatment monitoring of osteopenic bone diseases with low-dose CT is given as an example of a successful application of quantitative CT. With a special-purpose CT system and an analytic procedure for the quantification of bone at peripheral measuring sites, longitudinal examinations were performed. Low-dose quantitative CT permitted quantification, on an individual basis, of the bone loss of immobilization osteoporosis on a week by-week basis. Changes due to postmenopausal osteoporosis are less drastic, and so measurement at intervals of months is adequate. In women after menopause, 3 month intervals were used in evaluating the natural course of osteoporosis and in quantifying the effects of sodium fluoride treatment on trabecular bone. Low-dose quantitative CT has proved to be a sensitive and highly reproducible procedure for the noninvasive evaluation of bone loss or bone accretion. During a disease or therapy, each patient can be evaluated individually. PMID- 7121081 TI - [Fiber-bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 7121082 TI - [Reasons for tattooing, methods of removal and the socio-medical significance of tattooing]. PMID- 7121083 TI - [The effect of the single intravenous administration of varying doses of lead acetate on renal function]. PMID- 7121084 TI - [A universal connector for cables--a practical aid in the daily testing of the accuracy of electrocardiography instruments]. PMID- 7121085 TI - [Proteinuria in an epidemic of salmonella enteritis]. PMID- 7121086 TI - [Orthopedic and trauma surgery in hemophilia with a case report]. PMID- 7121087 TI - On "a decline in earning losses associated with a community-based cardiovascular disease prevention project". PMID- 7121088 TI - Effect of a WIC program on children's clinic activity in a local health department. AB - Two years' encounter data from a local health department in rural North Carolina are analyzed to determine the extent to which WIC increased the demand for health department services. WIC clinic visits were found to contribute disproportionately to Children's Clinic activity. Nearly 80 per cent of the increase in total clinic encounters from FY78 to FY79 was attributable to WIC alone. Whereas in the first quarter of FY78 only 18 per cent of Children's Clinic encounters by infants were to WIC clinics, that number had risen to more than 58 per cent by the last quarter of FY79. The number of children on WIC as a percentage of all non-WIC encounters with public health nurses increased during the same period from 19 to 34 per cent. Finally, infants who came for the first time to the Children's Clinic to be certified for WIC contributed an increasing percentage of all infants seen in non-WIC clinics, from 0 per cent at the start of the study to almost 15 per cent by the final quarter. It is concluded that the presence of the WIC program in this local health department was responsible for substantial increases in non-WIC clinical activity that were not supported financially by WIC or any other source. PMID- 7121089 TI - Closure among U.S. community hospitals, 1976-1980: a description and a predictive model. AB - Closure of U.S. community hospitals during the years 1976-1980 is analyzed by describing the distributional patterns of closings among hospitals classified by certain institutional characteristics: bed size, number of facilities and services, ownership, teaching status, location in a Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA) or in a non-SMSA, and location in one of the nine United States Census Divisions. The method of Cox regression analysis is used to show that each of these institutional characteristics is independently, and significantly, associated with closure, and to estimate the strength of the association. On the basis of this analysis, a theoretic model is constructed for estimating the relative probability of closure for any community hospital with a given set of these institutional characteristics. PMID- 7121090 TI - Self-care education: impact on HMO costs. AB - The ability of a medical self-care program to have an impact on the utilization and cost of in-clinic and referral visits in a prepaid group practice was studied by following the medical encounter records of 900 HMO members in 217 families during a 12-month period. A control group selected by randomization after acceptance of an initial invitation to participate was employed. In spite of the program's impressive effect on both self-care knowledge and per-visit costs, the study could not demonstrate any significant program effect either on the frequency or on the total costs of clinic visits. PMID- 7121091 TI - Reimbursing for residency training: how many times? AB - Through an investigation of charges generated for 105 patients treated for congestive heart failure, three issues of reimbursement policy for graduate medical education are examined: 1) reimbursement policy by third parties for resident salaries and for the portion of teaching physicians' time devoted to graduate medical education; 2) the level of involvement for physicians in dual roles as attending physicians for private patients when simultaneously engaged in graduate medical education and supervising patient care delivered by residents; and 3) the greater utilization of hospital resources in teaching units. The results demonstrate that the reimbursement policy, as presently practiced, ignores the basic differences in the level of involvement between teaching and nonteaching physicians. The data also show for the first time the incremental effect of graduate medical education in a teaching hospital. Several alternatives are suggested to eliminate the deficiencies. PMID- 7121092 TI - Procedures and discrepancies of blood pressure measurements in two community health centers. AB - Three studies of blood pressure measurement were conducted in two primary care clinics. In study I, procedures for taking blood pressure were observed for seven nurses, and their readings were compared with readings taken in a standard manner. The results show that the nurses' procedure needed improvement; the systolic/diastolic discrepancies with the standard averaged 10.2/7.5 mmHg. In study II, the nurses were trained to improve their procedure, and readings were again compared. The results show improvement for moderate, but not for large, discrepancies in diastolic readings. In study III, two physicians' procedure for taking blood pressure indicated that their procedures could also be improved. Overall, there was little correlation between potential biases in providers' procedures and discrepancies with the standard. The discrepancies between the nurse and physician readings led to different treatment indicators in 22-26 per cent of the observations. PMID- 7121093 TI - Effectiveness of an ambulatory care telephone service in reducing drop-in visits and improving satisfaction with care. AB - The purpose of this research was to determine whether a specialized telephone service could cut down on unscheduled visits to ambulatory care and improve satisfaction with care. Patients who were to receive care (N = 561) were assigned randomly to a specialized telephone service or a control group. They were measured with regard to satisfaction with care before being assigned and 6 months later. The number of scheduled and unscheduled visits also were monitored for a 1 year follow-up period. The telephone service, which provided a triage system for referrals as well as a source of central contact for scheduling or for complaints, helped to improve satisfaction and reduce the number of unscheduled visits within 6 months. Such a service also may have application in other problem areas in the delivery of quality ambulatory care. PMID- 7121095 TI - Racial/ethnic differences in access to health care: further comments on the use disability ratio. AB - Indicators of access to health care generally fall into one of two broad groups. The first group of indicators focuses on factors responsible for differential rates of use and often are assessed through reports of patient satisfaction. The second group of indicators focuses more specifically on actual rates of use, and therefore represents a more objective measure of access. One of the most widely used objective indicators of access is the use-disability ratio. This article illustrates some problems in using this ratio in health services research and some strategies one might adopt to minimize these problems. The data reported below were obtained from an analysis of racial/ethnic differences in use of services that was conducted as part of the 1979 Los Angeles Health Survey (N = 1003). Our findings suggest that 1) blacks had greater access to health care than either white/Anglos or Hispanics, particularly for respiratory and musculo skeletal problems, and 2) the use-disability ratio should be used cautiously, since it is sensitive to subgroup differences in the chronicity and cause of the disability PMID- 7121096 TI - Does income affect mortality? An analysis of the effects of different types of income on age/sex/race-specific mortality rates in the United States. AB - This article explores the question of whether or not higher incomes are associated with lower mortality rates. Some recent research on this issue has suggested that income either has no effect on or may even be positively correlated with mortality rates. By contrast, earlier studies consistently found a negative relationship--higher income (or economic status) was generally associated with lower mortality rates. This paper extends the prior research in two significant ways. First, the issue is analyzed separately for eight adult and four infant age/sex/race-specific population cohorts. Second, total family income is broken down into several components to investigate whether different types of income have differential effects on mortality rates. In addition, the problem of untangling the joint effects of education and income on mortality also is explored. The results tend to support the hypothesis that higher income is associated with lower mortality rates. However, the magnitude of the impact of income is small, although it is consistently larger for infants than for adults. PMID- 7121094 TI - Barriers to medical care of Mexican-Americans: the role of social class, acculturation, and social isolation. AB - Literature on medical care utilization by Mexican-Americans suggests that patterns of utilization can be explained, in part, by acculturation, social class and social isolation. The relative importance of these variables is explored in a survey of a rural Mexican-American community in Southern Texas. Data on 152 families are analyzed using a logit analysis, with utilization as the outcome variable. The results suggest that acculturation has a direct effect, while social class and social isolation interact to have a weak effect independent of acculturation. These results confirm the importance of understanding all three variables in planning and implementing medical care programs in Mexican-American communities. PMID- 7121097 TI - Income and race differences in children's health in the mid-1960s. AB - This article explores income and race differences in eight measures of the health of children ages 6 through 11 as assessed in the early 1960s. It is shown that both income and race differences in health are much less pronounced than they are in infant mortality and birth weight data. Significant differences are found in the health status of black and white children and of children from high- and low income families, but these are primarily differences with respect to parent reported (rather than physician-reported) health criteria and they by no means overwhelmingly favor the white or high-income children. These findings underscore the importance of treating children's health status as multidimensional. In addition, these findings will serve as a bench mark for studies of children's health using data for a more recent period. PMID- 7121098 TI - Regional differences in hospital use standardized by reported morbidity. AB - The purpose of the study was to determine whether regional differences in hospital use parallel regional morbidity differences. It showed that they do not. We used the 1975 U.S. Health Interview Survey Metropolitan sample under age 65 to analyze the nonobstetric hospital use and the reported morbidity in the four U.S. regions. The West sample used less hospital care than those in other regions, even though other regions reported less morbidity. We indirectly standardized hospital use by age-sex specific morbidity. The standardized ratio of actual to expected hospital nights in the West was half that of the North Central Region. There were smaller regional differences in surgical hospital use than for nonsurgical hospital use. In 1975 the total U.S. metropolitan population under age 65 would have used one third fewer nonobstetric hospital nights if it had followed Western practices. PMID- 7121099 TI - Surgical rate variations: do they reflect the health or socioeconomic characteristics of the population? AB - Major unexplained variations in surgical rates have been documented across geographic areas over at least the last four decades. This paper attempts to assess the contribution that population characteristics make to these variations. Variations in surgical rates among the elderly across 56 small rural areas are compared with variations in characteristics of the elderly population of these areas including self-reported health status, levels of disability, mental status, socioeconomic status, ethnic characteristics, etc. The data do not support a needs model for explaining variations in surgical rates. High rate areas were not characterized by an elderly population that was disabled and in ill health. High rate areas did contain a more educated elderly populations, as well as more elderly whose national origins were Canadian, British or American. PMID- 7121100 TI - Regression analysis in health services research: the use of dummy variables. AB - Dummy variables frequently are used in regression analysis but often in an incorrect fashion. A brief review of examples in the medical care literature showed that the interpretation of dummy variable regression coefficients and their significance was often incorrect or unclear. This article shows how dummy variables can be used and assessed properly. The importance of testing for the joint effect of a group of dummy variables is stressed. It also gives a standard and useful extension of the dummy variable technique to testing for the effect of collections of variables. PMID- 7121101 TI - Assessing needs for community hospital continuing medical education. AB - Between July 1, 1979, and June 30, 1980, 765 programs eligible for Category 1 credit were offered in 35 community hospitals. Data were collected to determine how the need was identified, who was responsible for conducting the needs assessment, and what influenced the choice of method. Data were collected by two methods: reviewing records for each course and interviewing each course director. Courses were planned using analysis of hard data (16 per cent) and an impressionistic method (84 per cent). The course director conducted the needs assessment and chose topics for 47 per cent; learners determined needs for 19 per cent. Possibly, CME programs should be viewed as offering systematic assistance in identifying personal needs and stimulating a physician to learn more by providing an opportunity to compare one's current practice with a desired or standard level. If discrepancies are identified, the physician must decide why they exist and assign levels of priority on resolution. PMID- 7121103 TI - [Coxsackie virus infection: study of 17 cases with identification of the causal agent]. PMID- 7121102 TI - [Epidemic due to the ingestion of adulterated, toxic cooking oil: a new type of sclerodermatous syndrome]. PMID- 7121104 TI - [Hydatidosis: study of 171 patients with emphasis on epidemiological aspects]. PMID- 7121105 TI - [Diagnostic value of transtracheal aspiration in bacterial pneumonias]. PMID- 7121106 TI - [Focal, relapsing neurological manifestations as the main signs of systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 7121107 TI - [Hypogonadal osteoporosis in a male]. PMID- 7121108 TI - [Sarcoidosis with a diencephalic and meningeal onset]. PMID- 7121109 TI - [Neurological involvement in Legionnaires' disease]. PMID- 7121110 TI - [Nail hyperpigmentation as a secondary effect of doxorubicin]. PMID- 7121111 TI - [Clinical characteristics of patients with nuclear antiribonucleoprotein antibodies. Evidence of circulating immunocomplexes in mixed connective tissue disease]. PMID- 7121112 TI - [The incidence of spontaneous pneumothorax in the Austrian coal miners (1974 1980) ]. PMID- 7121115 TI - [Antithrombin III in clinical practice]. PMID- 7121113 TI - [Goodpasture's syndrome: onset with massive pulmonary hemorrhage without hemoptysis. A review of the Spanish literature ]. PMID- 7121114 TI - [Idiopathic hemochromatosis: the duality of response after bloodletting]. PMID- 7121116 TI - [Traumatic pulmonary intraparenchymatous hematoma]. PMID- 7121117 TI - [Persistence of the left superior vena cava]. PMID- 7121118 TI - [Renal insufficiency caused by renal metastases]. PMID- 7121119 TI - [1st case if isolation in Spain of Prototheca from a clinical sample of human origin]. PMID- 7121120 TI - Role of prostaglandins in the regulation of gastrointestinal functions. PMID- 7121121 TI - Experimental electroencephalographic study on orotic acid. AB - Proceeding from the data obtained concerning the effects of orotic acid on excitability processes in CNS and our neuropharmacological investigations, we studied its effects on cerebral bioelectrical activity in acute experiments with "encephale isole" and in intact animals with chronically implanted electrodes, at single and 10-day treatment periods in a setting where the spontaneous activity and that evoked by visual and sound stimulation were recorded. At a dose of 100 mg/kg i.v. orotic acid significantly increased the theta wave range and showed a tendency towards increasing the beta waves, preserving, at a somewhat lower level (in comparison with control animals), the reactions to visual and sound stimulation. Comparison with the neuropharmacological studies is good reason to conclude that orotic acid stabilizes the cortical neuronal function; it does not influence the ascendent activating reticular formation, but probably inhibits the descending polysynaptic pathways. It is suggested that besides its metabolic effect orotic acid also has an effect on brain vessels. PMID- 7121122 TI - Effect of tobramycin on serum pseudocholinesterase levels. AB - Tobramycin given in a single dose of 1 mg.Kg-1 intramuscularly, in healthy male volunteers, did not produce any significant change in serum pseudocholinesterase levels. The above antibiotic given in a single dose of 2 mg.Kg-1 intramuscularly produced a statistically significant increase (p less than 0.05) of serum pseudocholinesterase levels 2 and 4 hours after its administration. However, this increase is very small to have any clinical significance. For the anaesthesiologist, a decrease, rather than an increase, of the serum pseudocholinesterase level should be of clinical significance. PMID- 7121123 TI - The adsorption of porphyrins and porphyrin precursors by sorbents: a potential therapy for the porphyrias. PMID- 7121124 TI - Sensitivity of circular and longitudinal uterine muscles to noradrenaline. AB - Spontaneous contractions of circular and longitudinal uterine muscles of rat and rabbit during estrogen domination were recorded in vitro isometrically. The circular muscles of both uteri contracted more frequently than the longitudinal muscles. Noradrenaline inhibited the spontaneous contractions of the longitudinal (ED50 = 5x10(-7) M) and circular (ED50 = 4.9x10(-6) M) rat uterine muscles. One molecule of noradrenaline bound 0.35 receptors in the circular and 0.63 receptors in the longitudinal rat muscles. Noradrenaline increased both amplitude and frequency of the rabbit uterine contractions (ED50 = 5.8x10(-9) M for the circular and 1x10(-7) M for the longitudinal muscles). One molecule of noradrenaline bound 0.63 receptors in the circular and 0.84 receptors in the longitudinal muscle of the rabbit uterus. The response of the longitudinal rabbit muscle to noradrenaline was influenced by D-600 to a larger degree than that of the circular muscle. The different sensitivity to noradrenaline of the circular and longitudinal uterine muscles may be explained by the different number of adrenoceptors and their binding sites as well as by some differences in calcium utilization. PMID- 7121125 TI - Prolongation of barbiturate-induced sleeping time in mice by dimethylformamide (DMF) and other non-polar solvents: absence of an effect on hepatic barbiturate metabolising enzymes. AB - Prior administration of non-polar solvents was shown to prolong sleeping time in female mice induced with pentobarbitone sodium (37.5 mg/kg). The doses of solvents to double sleeping time were extrapolated from individual dose-response curves: they were (g/kg i.p.): dimethylformamide (DMF) 1.15: polyethyleneglycol 2.0: glycerol 0.66: dimethylsulphoxide 1.78: and sulpholone 1.26. The prolongation of sleeping time with DMF was not due to inhibition of hepatic microsomal enzymes because mice pretreated with SK & F 525A (40 mg/kg i.p.) did not exhibit a much greater solvent-induced effect than occurred in control (unpretreated) mice. DMF prolonged sleeping time in mice injected with thiopentone sodium (37.5 mg/kg i.v.), a drug known not to have its duration of narcotic effect determined by microsomal enzyme metabolism. It is concluded that prolongation of barbiturate-induced sleeping time in mice by DMF is not due to an inhibitory effect of the solvent on the hepatic microsomal enzymes. PMID- 7121126 TI - Iron retention and excretion in mice transfused with homologous or heterologous blood and treated with chelators. AB - The studies in this report characterized an animal model for detecting chemicals that are capable of depleting elevated tissue iron. Male mice were transfused with heated, washed erythrocytes and the iron uptake by liver and spleen plus urinary iron excretion were measured. After the time and transfusion iron accumulations and excretion patterns were established, the influence of the following experimental variables was examined and compared: homologous vs heterologous blood transfusion, dose related responses, the efficacy of a chelator against iron buildup from long-term transfusion, and organ iron responses to an agent with combined chelation and hemolytic potentials. Both the liver and the spleen accumulated iron from transfused blood; however, the spleen appeared to have a limited capacity compared to the liver. Drugs having lower potencies or given at lower dose levels enhanced urinary iron excretion. Higher potencies or higher dose levels induced the same response and depleted liver iron. At still higher doses or with more potent drugs, the two responses mentioned occurred accompanied by spleen iron reduction. An increased urine iron alone was equivocal since drug-induced hemolytic anemia caused a ferricosuria accompanied by elevated liver and spleen iron. Heterologous or homologous transfusions produced similar organ iron elevations and urine iron excretion in untreated mice. A higher level of drug potency was required to deplete tissue iron whenever the drug treatment was administered following transfusion. PMID- 7121127 TI - Effect of orotic acid on the excitability processes in central nervous system and on cerebral circulation in cats. AB - The influence of orotic acid on cortical excitability processes and cerebral circulation was studied in acute experiments in cats. The effect on CNS excitability was assessed by examination of the cortical visual-evoked potentials and the recovery cycles. The flash-evoked responses were recorded from visual cortex (VC), associative cortex (AsC) and auditory cortex (AuC). The recovery cycles were determined as the ratio of the average response to the test stimulus and those to the conditioning stimulus depending on the interstimulus interval duration. For investigation of cerebral circulation the method of local cerebral rheoencephalography (REG) was used. The following REG parameters were assessed: amplitude, anacrotic sections of the curve and its relative part, and duration of the wave. The arterial blood pressure was monitored continuously. Orotic acid administration (50 mg/kg i.v.) induced a significant increase in the amplitude of the primary response from VC and AsC. Significant shortening of the peak latency of the second wave of the response in the VC was also observed. The recovery cycles examination showed a facilitation of the test response. The changes observed indicate an increase of excitability processes in the CNS. The REG changes after orotic acid indicate a cerebrovascular resistance decrease and increase in cerebral blood volume. It is assumed that increased cortical activity by orotic acid may lead to an improvement of cerebral circulation. PMID- 7121128 TI - Susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria to five antimicrobial agents and demonstration of resistance of Bacteroides fragilis to clindamycin. AB - Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of penicillin G, cefamandole, tetracycline, clindamycin and metronidazole were determined against 42 isolates of anaerobic bacteria. metronidazole was the most active antimicrobial agent against all anaerobic bacteria tested and especially against the Bacteroides fragilis group (MICs for all strains ranged from less than equal to 0.5 to 4 micrograms/ml). Seventeen out of 20 strains of B. fragilis subsp. fragilis were resistant to clindamycin with an MIC ranging between 8 and 128 micrograms/ml. Such resistance of B. fragilis strains should alarm physicians, after the widespread use of clindamycin, since this group of organisms is the most frequently isolated from anaerobic infections. PMID- 7121129 TI - Pharmacokinetics of some cephalosporins in normal and nephrectomized rabbits. AB - We made a pharmacokinetic study of the cephalosporins cephazolin, cephaloridine, cefoperazone, and cefuroxime in the rabbit. We computed the pharmacokinetic parameters of a two-compartment open model from the plasma concentration time curves obtained at different increasing doses. Cephazolin, cephaloridine and cefoperazone demonstrated a dose dependent kinetics since the constants of apparent rate of elimination and apparent volume of distribution varied with the doses. In order to evaluate the extra-renal of elimination, we performed pharmacokinetic analysis on the same animals after nephrectomy. While cephazolin, cephaloridine and cefuroxime were eliminated primarily through the kidneys, cefoperazone was largely eliminated by extrarenal pathways. PMID- 7121130 TI - Contributions of vasoactive substances in cases of chronic arteriosclerotic occlusion in the lower extremities. PMID- 7121131 TI - Papaverine-induced changes on cardiac inotropism with special reference to a D propranolol antagonism. AB - Contractile responses were analyzed in the rat paced left atrium. Positive inotropic effects were papaverine dose-dependent with an increase in rate of tension development (dT/dt) and time to peak tension, with prolongation in the total duration of contraction. Reserpinized preparations did not modify papaverine response but several treatments inhibited it, i.e., either doubling or halving [Ca2+]0, as well as the addition of D-propranolol. Incubation of tissues with papaverine (1 hr) changed the usual dose-response curve to isoproterenol into a low, monotonous effect, independent of the agonist dose. Neither high nor low [Ca2+]0 could correct this action. D-propranolol restored the isoproterenol response but significantly blocked it. Under the same conditions, phenylephrine showed similar qualitative effects as above, though no significant differences were found in control vs. the various procedures tested. These results strongly suggest that papaverine provokes an initial calcium release followed by a sustained inhibition. In addition its site of action is the same as that of D propranolol. PMID- 7121132 TI - In vitro and ex vivo binding to uterine progestin receptors of the rat as a tool to assay progestational activity of glucocorticoids. AB - The competition of some widely employed glucocorticoids with the binding of [3H] promegestone, a highly potent synthetic progestagen, to uterine cytosol progestin receptors of the immature rat has been studied both in in vitro and ex vivo experiments. The relative binding affinities (RBA's) to progesterone were determined in vitro: fluocinolone acetonide greater than triamcinolone acetonide greater than betamethasone 17-valerate greater than prednisolone, betamethasone, triamcinolone and cortisol. After pretreating rats in vivo with progesterone or chlormadinone acetate (subcutaneously), a dose-dependent decrease in in vitro binding of [3H]-promegestone to uterine cytosol was evident. Similar decreases were obtained after pretreatment with some of the other glucocorticoids tested. Potency ratios to progesterone, arbitrarily set at 1.0, were: fluocinolone acetonide 86.7, triamcinolone acetonide 5.6, betamethasone valerate 4.1, chlormadinone acetate 2.6. Prednisolone, betamethasone, triamcinolone and cortisol were inactive. Both the in vitro and the ex vivo results clearly indicate that glucocorticoids interact with the uterine cytosol progestin receptor system, depending on their chemical structures; this interaction may account for some of their unwanted side-effects in the endocrine system. Moreover, this experimental system may prove to be a useful tool for evaluation of the progestational activities of glucocorticoids and other steroids, using the rat as an animal model. PMID- 7121133 TI - A modified gas-liquid chromatographic assay to monitor plasma mexiletine in a tinnitus study. AB - In a clinical study of betahistidine, diazepam and mexiletine for the oral chemotherapy of tinnitus, the hospital Pharmacy was requested to devise a double blind triple cross-over trial including a placebo. As mexiletine is a potent cardiovascular drug and also as a measure of compliance, a rapid and sensitive gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) method was developed to monitor its plasma concentration in patients who took part in the trial. This assay involved a preliminary ethereal extraction of the drug and internal marker (3-N,N-diethyl carbamyloxy pyridine) in a 1 ml plasma or urine sample under alkaline condition. The concentrated extract was redissolved in distilled methanol (10 microliters) and an aliquot (2 microliters) was analysed by a GLC system (3% OV17 on Gas Chrome Q, 10-100 mesh) linked to a nitrogen sensitive detector. The calibration graphs relating peak height ratios of the drug to the internal marker and concentration were linear and reproducible over the ranges of 5.0 to 100.0 ng/ml and 1.0 to 10.0 micrograms/ml for both plasma and, or urine samples. The steady state plasma concentrations of mexiletine in 5 patients, from whom blood samples were obtained as a measure of compliance, ranged between 570 to 1911 ng/ml which were similar to those reported from treatment of ventricular arrhythmias with similar dosage regimen of 200 mg mexiletine hydrochloride three times per day. PMID- 7121134 TI - Dependence of salivary drug concentration on salivary flow rate. AB - Saliva drug concentrations are a function of the saliva flow rate at which they are collected. Increased saliva flow rate tends to restore the salivary concentration towards the free unbound plasma concentration of drug. For those drugs excluded from the saliva relative to their free plasma concentration, stimulation increases the observed drug levels in the saliva. For those drugs concentrated in the saliva relative to their free plasma concentration, stimulation decreases the observed drug levels in the saliva. PMID- 7121135 TI - Convulsant action of pentetrazol in rats with selective lesions of the hippocampal pyramidal cells with intracerebroventricular kainic acid. AB - Rats were injected uni- or bilaterally with intracerebroventricular kainic acid (0.1 micrograms per one ventricle in a volume of 5 microliters) and the animals were subsequently challenged with penetetrazol (PTZ) on the 21st day after the administration of the neurotoxin. PTZ was given either subcutaneously in a single dose of 70 mg/kg or intraperitoneally, one injection every 48 hours for a total of 15 trials, in doses of 20 mg/kg to induce kindled seizures. It was found that kainic acid-lesioned animals (especially those injected bilaterally) were more sensitive to the convulsant action of PTZ both in acute and kindled convulsions. The disruption of the hippocampal pyramidal projection to the septum may be responsible for these effects. PMID- 7121136 TI - Effect of the general anaesthetics, alphaxalone, hexobarbitone and halothane on calcium uptake into rat brain mitochondria in vitro and in vivo. AB - In vitro studies of the effect of alphaxalone on ADP-stimulated respiration and Ca2+ uptake in rat brain mitochondria showed that the anesthetic was a potent inhibitor of both reactions. In vivo measurements showed that although alphaxalone did not inhibit oxidative phosphorylation during anaesthesia, the uptake of Ca2+ into the mitochondrial fraction was strongly inhibited. The degree of inhibition was dependent on the dose of anaesthetic administered and was reversed by the CNS stimulant, bemigride. Halothane and hexobarbitone also inhibited mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in vivo. The levels of anaesthetic in the brain were determined after the administration of 14C-alphaxalone. There was no significant difference between the brain regions examined, but the levels reached were equal to those required to block CA2+ transport in isolated mitochondria. PMID- 7121138 TI - Do cytoprotective prostaglandins act as mild irritants? AB - Of the various mechanisms proposed to explain the cytoprotective properties of prostaglandins, mucus discharge seems the most probable. Mild irritants capable of eliciting mucus release have also been shown to exert cytoprotection. It is suggested that prostaglandins act as mild irritants of the mucosa and that cytoprotection is a mucosal reaction to mild irritation, through stimulation of mucus discharge. PMID- 7121139 TI - Prognosis of the pilocarpine receptor sites. PMID- 7121140 TI - Innate human serum bactericidal activity against Salmonella, Shigella, Citrobacter and Providencia sp. PMID- 7121137 TI - Effect of a concomitant treatment with ethynylestradiol and ascorbic acid on bile secretion in female hamsters. AB - The administration of large doses (5 mg/kg b.wt./day) of ethynylestradiol to adult female hamsters did not induce cholestasis or modifications of bile lipid composition. These findings are in contrast with the data of other authors who in different experimental conditions described the sensitivity of hamsters to the estrogen-induced hepatobiliary toxicity. Ascorbic acid alone or added to ethynylestradiol did not impair bile secretion. However, it significantly increased the plasma levels of radioactivity tested 24 hours after the oral administration of a tracer dose of radiolabelled ethynylestradiol. These results confirm previous data showing in humans the capability of ascorbic acid to favour the rise of plasma concentrations of ethynylestradiol. PMID- 7121141 TI - Effect of aminoglycoside antibiotics on the contractility of the uterus. AB - In the present study the inhibitory effect of five aminoglycoside antibiotics on the contractility of rat uterus was investigated. We found that all the antibiotics tested inhibited the contractility of the isolated rat uterus and only quantitative differences existed among them. The inhibitory potency of the aminoglycoside antibiotics appears to be as follows: sisomicin greater than gentamicin greater than tobramycin greater than dibekacin greater than amikacin. Calcium not only has the ability to restore the normal contractility of the uterus but also to exert protective action against the inhibitory effect of aminoglycoside antibiotics on the uterus contractility. PMID- 7121142 TI - The effects of some avermectins on the growth of Brugia pahangi. AB - The effects of 10 different avermectins upon the development of Brugia pahangi in jirds was studied. Three of these were shown to inhibit the development of the worm to the adult form but this appeared to be at least partially reversible. The females were more severely affected than males. The commercially available compound ivermectin had no effect under these conditions. PMID- 7121143 TI - [Oesophageal disorders: a gastroenterologist's view]. AB - For precise differentiation between organic and functional disorders of the oesophagus, the gastroenterologist makes use of radiology, endoscopy, and manometry, although a questionnaire may establish the final diagnosis in dysphagia with 95% accuracy. Combined therapy is gaining in increasing importance, such as dilatation of achalasia, bouginage of peptic strictures, implantation of prostheses and sclerosing of varices during endoscopy. For early diagnosis of carcinoma, close interdisciplinary cooperation between the ENT specialist and the gastroenterologist is mandatory in panendoscopy of the squamous epithelium-lined aero-digestive system. PMID- 7121144 TI - [Is Minnigerode's sign still valid in early diagnosis of oesophageal wall perforation?]. AB - Basing on the pathophysiologic phenomena in oesophagus wall perforation, the authors examine the question whether contrast radiography, increasingly performed of late, deserves preference over Minnigerode's sign in early diagnosis. Although these diagnostic methods do not compete with each other, since they are equivalents, own experience shows that contrast radiographs should be performed sparingly and, moreover, only if mediastinotomy or intrathoracic oesophagotomy could be practised immediately. PMID- 7121145 TI - [Steroid therapy in caustic lesions of the oesophagus]. AB - Since controlled clinical studies on the value of steroid therapy do not exist, the discussion on its effect is still controversial. Several well documented studies on animals have been done since 1952. Based on these findings we can expect an inhibition of stricture formation in cases of moderate acid burns where the muscular layer is not or only slightly damaged. PMID- 7121146 TI - [Reconstruction of oesophageal passage in extended stenosis of cervical oesophago gastrostomy]. AB - This case report demonstrates possibilities of cooperation between thoracic surgeon and head and neck surgeon in extended stenoses after plastic oesophagus procedures. For reconstruction of the oesophagus passage it is necessary to institute reconstructive measures with the appropriate flap plastics in several stages. Localizing the stenosis of anastomoses in the thoracic cavity requires a large trough-shaped removal of the sternum to protect the supra-aortal vessels as well as to form a gastrostoma. PMID- 7121147 TI - [Is the "second look" justified after cholesteatoma surgery according to the closed technique? (Our concept of "indicator-pearl")]. AB - Among 1218 tympanoplastic operations of the last three years we found 507 cholesteatomas. In primary operations we chose the closed technique for 287 and the open technique for 77. In 143 cholesteatoma post operations 60 remained closed but 83 were already been modified in favour of the open technique. In 123 "Second look" operations we found 25 recurrences, i.e. 20%. This results in the following aspects: 1. In spite of strictest indications for the closed technique we found recurrences in 20% of the necessary "Second look" operations. In all cases we could maintain the closed technique. This alone justifies the "Second look". 2. No ideal time for the performing the "Second look" to exclude a further recurrence can be named. We believe according to our experience that the most favourable time to operate is after one year. After such a period a recurrence shows itself consequently in a "stadium nascendi" in form of a small pearl, being a carrier of an epithelial rest, which can be easily removed. We call this finding "Indicator-Pearl". PMID- 7121148 TI - [Lesions of round window membrane]. AB - In 15 cases, a rupture of the round window membrane could be found via exploratory tympanotomy. The main sign in these cases was an inner ear deafness; vertigo and tinnitus were less frequent. These findings correspond well with reports in the literature. Since there is no specific clinical sign of a ruptured membrane, tympanotomy is necessary in all suspicious cases. Chances of restoration or maintenance of hearing are high in cases of early repair of the fistula, but prospects diminish as the time interval between injury and repair increases. Vertigo and tinnitus disappear even by a delayed operation. The healing process of the round window membrane and the pathological changes in the round window niche after ruptured membrane were studied in guinea pigs. To evaluate the relationship between round window membrane rupture and blunt head injury, 87 temporal bones were studied after a fatal head injury. PMID- 7121149 TI - [A light and electron microscopic study of the squamous epithelium of the external canal and drum in experimentally induced cholesteatoma in guinea pigs]. AB - The skin of the postero-superior part of the meatus and drum of guinea pigs was treated with enbucrylate and examined via light microscope and electron microscope after three weeks. The squamous epithelium was thickened with extensive rete pegs in the subepithelial space. The epithelial cells were loosely arranged and their nuclei pathologically changed. In the oedematous perimatrix small finger-like epithelial proliferations and activated mesenchymal cells could be seen. PMID- 7121150 TI - [Malformation syndrome with sensorineural deafness and disturbed development of speech]. AB - Report on a boy in whom, apart from high-grade sensorineural deafness and disturbed development of speech with possible mental impairment, multiple malformations were found, mainly in the area of the foregut: multiple composite compound odontoma, hypoplasia of the jaws, submucous cleft palate, membrana bucco pharyngea persistens, dystopia of the palatine tonsils and rectum stenosis. PMID- 7121152 TI - [Inner ear and diabetes mellitus diabetic mutant mice]. AB - We observed the course of diabetes in 23 genetically diabetic mice (C 57 BL/KSJ mdb) and in 25 controls (C 57 BL/KSJ). Diabetes was not treated. Histological changes of pancreas, aorta, kidneys, and inner ear vessels were noted. Auditory function was tested by means of the pinnal reflex of Preyer for a frequency range between 4000 and 20000 cps. The diabetic mice developed partly a mild diabetes associated with weight gain, and partly a severe diabetes with a loss of weight. Histologically, the diabetic mice showed (dependent on the duration and degree of severity of the diabetes) progressive mesangial sclerosis and thickening of basal laminas of the glomerula, as well as progressive slight to moderate thickening of the vascular walls of all inner ear vessels. The hearing ability of diabetic mice and of controls diminished with age to a comparable degree. The diabetic mice showed a slightly higher hearing loss for high frequencies, which did not correlate with the extent of thickening of inner ear vessel walls. PMID- 7121151 TI - [HLA-antigens and sensorineural deafness]. AB - HLA-typing was performed in 103 patients with moderate or severe bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Statistical analysis showed an association between HLA antigen B18 and Bw16 and the hearing deficit. A highly significant association was found between HLA antigen Bw16 and a hereditary bilateral moderate or severe sensorineural hearing loss. PMID- 7121153 TI - [Inner ear and diabetes mellitus studies on 660 patients]. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the existence of any hearing loss typical of diabetes mellitus. 660 patients were interviewed by means of a questionnaire with regard to case history and the course of their disease. Internal and ophthalmological findings were registered which were compiled during clinical treatment for metabolic stabilisation. ENT examination was performed including vestibular and auditory tests. The evaluation of data showed that there was no median hearing loss which could be attributed to the diabetic metabolic disorder. The hypothesis that diabetes causes premature ageing with regard to hearing, could not be confirmed on a statistical basis. Statistical analysis of separate factors to establish links between diabetic disease, vascular risks, noise, or ear infections, does not yield any results. PMID- 7121154 TI - Transantral sphenopalatine artery ligation. AB - Posterior epistaxis from branches of the sphenopalatine artery can be rapidly and effectively controlled by a new ligation technique. The sphenopalatine artery or its branches are directly ligated as they exit the sphenopalatine foramen to enter the nose, completely avoiding the pterygomaxillary fossa. The vessels are exposed via a transantral approach, through the posterior portion of the medial antral wall. The mucoperiosteum of the lateral wall of the nose (medial antral wall) is preserved, elevated medially and posteriorly and used to tense the sphenopalatine vessels, bringing them into view and accessible for ligation at the foramen. Advantages of this technique include direct, specific ligation of the end vessels; ease and speed of operation; and avoidance of complications associated with the pterygomaxillary space. The technique was defined in multiple dissections of anatomic specimens and has been successful to date in 14 cases of severe posterior epistaxis. PMID- 7121155 TI - Frontal sinus ablation for frontal osteomyelitis. AB - Frontal sinusitis with frontal osteomyelitis is a potentially life threatening disease. Diagnostic and therapeutic errors occur frequently because of antibiotic masking of already silent frontal lobe complications or lack of suspicion on the part of the otolaryngologist or the neurosurgeon. Frontal sinus infection and/or trauma frequently require otoneuro cooperation for care. Four cases of complications of frontal sinus infection with osteomyelitis are discussed. Three had epidural empyemas and one had a subdural empyema with an anterior 1/3 superior sagittal sinus thrombosis and multiple brain abscesses. Each patient was approached through a frontal craniotomy and the frontal sinus posterior plate examined from behind. Each had posterior dehiscences. Follow-up of osteomyelitis requires multiple tests including computerized tomography, polytomography and possibly bone or gallium scans. Twenty year or more follow-up is essential. PMID- 7121156 TI - Clinically-directed CT in occult disease of the skull base involving foramen ovale. AB - Occult disease of the skull base may present as an isolated neurogenic symptom in the absence of physical signs or radiologic findings. It therefore often remains undiagnosed until advanced. Computed tomography (CT) provides the potential for diagnostic imaging far beyond conventional radiology. Not only do current generation scanners provide exquisite bone detail, they also provide the capability of soft tissue imaging. In the past year, we have matched the diagnostic problem of occult disease of the middle fossa skull base and its foramina with the potential diagnostic imaging solution of CT. Five patients were referred with possible occult middle fossa skull base disease--all had persistent unilateral facial paraesthesia in the distribution of one of the lower two trigeminal nerve divisions (V2 V3) as their only complaint; all had previously been extensively investigated (including axial CT); all remained undiagnosed. Utilizing clinically-directed CT (based on acoustic neuroma diagnostic index of suspicion and imaging experience), 2 of the 5 patients were found to have small mass lesions involving foramen ovale. This presentation will demonstrate our experience based on image-manipulated CT, actively monitored by both radiologist and otolaryngologist. PMID- 7121157 TI - Cochleosaccular degeneration of the inner ear and progressive cataracts inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. AB - A new syndrome of cataracts and progressive sensorineural hearing loss, inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, is described. The histopathology of the inner ears in the proband demonstrated severe degeneration limited to the cochlea and saccule. This case represents the second reported example of genetically determined cochleosaccular degeneration in man. The cochleosaccular pattern of histopathology is found in both man and animals and may be the end result of prenatal dysplasia or postnatal degeneration. It also appears that cochleosaccular dysplasia and degeneration may be the result of genetically determined or acquired defects. Previously reported examples of cochleosaccular dysplasia and degeneration are reviewed including human cases in which the histopathology is similar to, but not characteristic of, the cochleosaccular pattern. PMID- 7121158 TI - Intranasal antrostomy--cause of failure. AB - A brief historical review of the intranasal antrostomy is followed by a list of possible causes of failure of the procedure. Definitions of various terms employed are given and a full description of the author's technique of making the antral window. Long-term follow-up of between 6 and 12 years has been possible in 87 patients. The various causes of recurrent problems in this group of patients are reported. Emphasis is placed on the desirability of informing the patient of the reasons for the antrostomy and explaining what can and cannot be expected from the procedure. PMID- 7121159 TI - Laryngeal reinnervation. PMID- 7121160 TI - Transantral ligation of the internal maxillary artery. AB - Transantral internal maxillary ligation for epistaxis is becoming more and more popular. The intention of this paper is to bring home three points: 1. only the arterial trunk need be ligated to obtain the anticipated results, 2. by following certain guidelines the operating time can be cut down by at least 45 minutes, and 3. if the procedure is carried out in time, it can be cost-effective. As time goes on, more and more patients will be added to this analysis and eventually reported. PMID- 7121161 TI - Cellular DNA amounts of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck region in relation to prognosis. AB - Cytophotometric measurements of Feulgen DNA content were made in individual tumor cells from 45 patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck region. Eleven carcinomas were found to have a predominantly diploid distribution of DNA values, while the remaining 34 carcinomas were non-diploid. In 11 of the tumors- not entirely identical with the diploid tumors--50% or less of the malignant cells had DNA values exceeding the modal diploid value (DNA G1 + 2 S.D.), whereas 34 had higher DNA values. The non-diploid carcinomas and those where greater than 50% of the cells had DNA values greater than DNA G1 + 2 S.D. showed more advanced clinical stage, due to the presence of regional metastases. They were also associated with a poorer prognosis than the diploid carcinomas or those with less than or equal to 50% of the cells with DNA values greater than DNA G1 + 2 S.D. Cellular DNA amounts seemed to be of greater prognostic value than type of ploidy. The study indicates that DNA analysis may contribute important information of the biological behavior and prognosis of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck region. PMID- 7121162 TI - Toxic shock syndrome: otolaryngologic presentations. AB - Toxic shock syndrome is a recently discovered and widely publicized disease found to occur in young menstruating women and thought to be associated with the use of vaginal tampons. To this date, there has been no known report of a similar disease being caused by nasal or sinus packing. The following is a discussion of the toxic shock syndrome (TSS) and a presentation of two cases that demonstrated a striking similarity to that disease. PMID- 7121163 TI - Simple apron flap for laryngectomy and neck dissection. PMID- 7121164 TI - Attic irrigation of cholesteatoma. PMID- 7121165 TI - Anatomical considerations and ethmoidectomy. PMID- 7121166 TI - Aerodigestive tract papillomatosis: bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy. AB - Aerodigestive tract papillomatosis (ADTP) remains a distinct challenge for the otolaryngologist. None of the myriads of therapies utilized to date offers a distinctly improved prognosis with less frequent clinical recurrences or absolute cure rates. Significant complications are avoided by withholding tracheotomy whenever possible and avoiding overly aggressive papilloma removal. Laser technology seems to offer a distinct benefit as regards the latter. Despite much activity in this area, little new knowledge has actually influenced the outcome of patients afflicted with papillomatosis. The disorder remains one of long-term morbidity in those acquiring it early in life and one with a significant rate of mortality for those with involvement of the lower airway. A review and selected discussion of our experience at The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center of The Pennsylvania State University with ADTP from 1974 to 1981 is presented. Nineteen patients ranging in age at the time of presentation from 1.5 to 68 years old have been diagnosed and treated. For the most part, therapy consisted of repeated microendoscopies with forceps removal of papillomas until recurrences ceased. However, in four adult patients with either rapidly recurring laryngeal and/or tracheobronchial papillomas, bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy has been administered. Two of these patients are evaluable for greater than 12 months. The rationale and efficacy of the treatment of a high risk group in this fashion are discussed. PMID- 7121167 TI - Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (or subglottic stenosis?). AB - Bronchopulmonary dysplasia has now become the most common chronic lung disease of early childhood, and is a sequel of neonatal intensive care. The condition is characterized by interstitial fibrosis, agenesis of pulmonary alveoli, and distension of the remaining lung tissue. The resultant stiffness of the lung leads to noisy, labored respiration with retraction of the soft tissues of the thorax during inspiration which may easily be mistaken for the signs of subglottic stenosis. Two cases which illustrate the problem are presented. The mechanism underlying the clinical picture is discussed. PMID- 7121168 TI - The anatomic limitations of CO2 laser cordectomy. AB - The anatomical limitations of CO2 laser cordectomy in an experimental setting with maximal exposure are presented. The major limitation is the thyroid cartilage. This is reached in the area of anterior commissure tendon by removal of only 2 to 3 mm of soft tissue. Most posteriorly in the larynx, the distance to the thyroid cartilage becomes progressively greater, being 5.3 mm at mid-cord and 9.0 mm at the anterior end of the vocal process of the arytenoid. The inferior limitation is the cricothyroid membrane. Anteriorly this is avoided by not extending laser excision more inferiorly than 5 mm's. Posterolaterally, the limitation is the para-arytenoid musculature. Excisional biopsy or staging with the laser must be within the framework of these limitations. PMID- 7121169 TI - Carotid rupture and tissue coverage. AB - Carotid rupture following the treatment of head and neck malignancy is the most dreaded complication faced by the head and neck surgeon. Tissue coverage of the carotid artery has been advocated as the method of protection likely to prevent carotid rupture. A retrospective study was carried out to assess the benefit of carotid coverage and whether such protection plays a role in decreasing mortality and morbidity. A brief history of carotid protection is presented. A series of 194 head and neck cancer patients who underwent resection of their mucosal primary in continuity with radical neck dissection over a ten-year period was reviewed. No coverage was used in 120 cases, while 72 cases received carotid coverage. There was a 13% fistula rate and a 15% rate of wound complication without fistula. Six patients without recurrence who had carotid rupture or ligation for imminent rupture were identified. This group was scrutinized with regard to several parameters. Three received tissue coverage of the carotid system, while the other three were left unprotected. There was 50% mortality rate and 25% rate of neurologic sequelae amongst the survivors. This review tends not to support the premise that tissue coverage is a major factor in the prevention of carotid rupture. PMID- 7121170 TI - Treatment results of combined high-dose preoperative radiotherapy and surgery for oropharyngeal cancer. AB - Fifty eight patients receiving planned high-dose preoperative radiotherapy followed by en bloc oro-mandibular-cervical resection for oropharyngeal cancer were reviewed. These patients received continued close observation and care from both the Otolaryngology and Radiotherapy services. In light of the ongoing controversy of preoperative vs. postoperative radiotherapy, we present our data demonstrating the value of preoperative radiation. An overall tumor control rate of 66% was achieved, with an adjusted survival rate of 62%. This was not only for early lesions, but also in patients having advanced (T3, T4) tumor and/or nodal disease (N1-4). These figures are somewhat higher than expected from the literature. A review and discussion of the surgical complications are also presented. PMID- 7121172 TI - Gunshot wounds. PMID- 7121171 TI - Breast carcinoma metastasizing to the cervical esophagus. AB - Tumor metastasis to the esophagus is rare. While breast carcinoma metastasizing to the thoracic esophagus has been described, there are no reported cases of spread to the cervical esophagus. Two patients, having had mastectomy for breast carcinoma several years previously, presented with cervical esophageal obstruction secondary to metastatic disease. Tumor resection with cervical esophageal reconstruction is advocated for palliation. The details of the history, diagnosis and surgical technique are presented. PMID- 7121173 TI - Death: defining and determining: personal observations. PMID- 7121174 TI - Survey of the law of informed consent in physician-patient relationships. PMID- 7121175 TI - The right of the psychiatric patient to refuse treatment. PMID- 7121176 TI - Medical malpractice based on malpositioning of a patient. PMID- 7121177 TI - Medical malpractice prevention. PMID- 7121178 TI - The legal noose gets tighter. PMID- 7121179 TI - Pathologist's role in product-related deaths. PMID- 7121180 TI - The abortion arena: recent activity. AB - According to the United States Supreme Court in 1973, a pregnant woman does not have an absolute right to an abortion. The Supreme Court stated that a pregnant woman's right to an abortion, based in part upon her constitutional right of privacy, is limited by a state's interest in the protection of potential human life. A wave of state legislative activity has ensured, most of which has been attempts by states to flex their "police power" muscles. The consequence of such activity has been state statutes which are vague, overly broad, inconsistent with the approaches taken with respect to the area of prenatal negligence, and which often leave the physician and surgeon without proper standards of conduct. PMID- 7121181 TI - In vitro fertilization--sowing the seeds of liability? PMID- 7121182 TI - The constitutional right to use in vitro fertilization. PMID- 7121183 TI - The physicians' role in highway safety--reporting requirements. PMID- 7121184 TI - Scope of practice. AB - Physicians, paramedical personnel, registered nurses, licensed practical nurses, aides, technicians, therapists, and many other specialists deliver health care in the current system. The uncertainty is the division of authority and responsibility, the right of dominion and control, and the appropriate legal manner in which quality assurance can be achieved. The public needs to know to whom they may look for the purpose of response to needs, and responsibility for actions outside the scope of licensed and permitted activities. Practitioners also need to know--in order to avoid prosecution, conviction, fine, imprisonment, and loss of livelihood through loss of license. PMID- 7121185 TI - Requiem for the "general acceptance" standard in forensic science. PMID- 7121186 TI - Current concepts of child abuse and neglect. PMID- 7121187 TI - Kidney failure due to methoxyflurane. PMID- 7121188 TI - Admissions to intensive care units for iatrogenic diseases. PMID- 7121189 TI - Medicolegal problems associated with organ and tissue transplantations. PMID- 7121190 TI - [Near miss sudden infant death syndrome ]. PMID- 7121191 TI - [Urinary tract infections in the elderly ]. PMID- 7121192 TI - [Tracheotomy and intubation--two solutions of respiratory insufficiency ]. PMID- 7121193 TI - [The results of Hemoccult Test in 200 patients with gastrointestinal cancer ]. PMID- 7121197 TI - [The human being between the hope and destruction in the modern medicine]. PMID- 7121195 TI - [Rational treatment of acute renal failure ]. PMID- 7121196 TI - [Symposium on the 25th anniversary of transplantation immunology in Croatia]. PMID- 7121194 TI - [Ethical and social priorities in medicine according to the choice of first-year medical students ]. PMID- 7121198 TI - Effect of naloxone and D-met2-pro5-enkephalinamide treatment on the DNA synthesis in the developing rat brain. AB - Effects of a single dose of naloxone and of D-Met2-Pro5-enkephalinamide on the DNA synthesis in the forebrain, hypothalamus and cerebellum of 11 day old female rats were studied. As an index of DNA synthesis the rate of incorporation of 3H thymidine into DNA was measured 30 min after a sc. injection of 40 muCi/100 g b.w.. A time dependent effect of naloxone administration on cerebral DNA synthesis was observed. In the forebrain at 1 and 3 hrs after naloxone injection an increased rate of 3H-thymidine incorporation into DNA was found followed by a marked decrease at 9 and 12 hrs. The effect in the hypothalamus was similar but the initial increase at 1 hr was absent. On cerebellar DNA synthesis naloxone had no effect. The administration of D-Met2-Pro5-enkephalinamide resulted in a marked reduction in the labelling of cerebral and hypothalamic DNA between 1 to 12 hrs. Except a decrease at 1 hr no effect was found in the cerebellum. PMID- 7121199 TI - Intestinal maturation: the effect of glucocorticoids on in vivo net magnesium and calcium transport in the rat. AB - We investigated with an in vivo single pass perfusion technique, the effect of glucocorticoids on net magnesium and calcium absorption from the small and large intestine of suckling and adolescent rats. In control rats, rates of net magnesium and calcium absorption were several fold greater in both small and large intestinal segments of suckling rats compared to corresponding rates in segments of adolescent rats. Methylprednisolone 30 mg/kg body weight daily for three days, suppressed significantly net magnesium and calcium absorption from the small and large intestinal segments of suckling rats only. Methylprednisolone had no effect on either net magnesium or calcium absorption in adolescent rats. The mechanism(s) responsible for the observed decrease in net magnesium and calcium absorption in the suckling period by glucocorticoids are discussed. PMID- 7121200 TI - The role of non-critical binding proteins in the sensitivity of acetylcholinesterase from different species to diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP), in vitro. AB - In vitro studies showed that organophosphate insecticides have different IC50 values (i.e., concentration of inhibitor required to inhibit 50% enzyme activity) for acetylcholinesterases (AChE's) from different species. Since previous reports indicated that the binding of active cholinesterase inhibitors to non-critical binding proteins is an important mechanism of detoxification of organophosphate insecticides in vivo, we investigated the role of non-critical binding proteins in synaptosomal membrane preparations from monkey, rat and chicken brain tissues as a possible explanation of the differences in the IC50's. The amount of non critical binding proteins as well as critical binding sites, AChE, were determined by 3H-DFP binding in vitro. The affinity constants (Ka) and phosphorylation constants (Kp) of DFP for AChE's from these preparations were also determined by kinetic studies. In IC50 studies, monkey brain AChE was 1.5X and 3.2X more sensitive to DFP inhibition than chicken and rat brain AChE. The observed differences in IC50's cannot be explained on the basis of differences in the amount of non-critical binding proteins, since only small amount of non critical binding proteins were found in these preparations. However, in the kinetic studies, monkey brain AChE had 3.7X and 2.1X higher affinity than chicken and rat brain AChE, respectively; and chicken brain AChE had about 2.7X faster rate of phosphorylation than the other two. It is therefore concluded that non critical binding proteins are relatively unimportant in terms of affecting IC50's. The differences observed in IC50's are primarily due to different affinity and/or rate of phosphorylation of AChE active sites by DFP. PMID- 7121201 TI - Effects of naloxone and fentanyl in acutely decerebrated dogs. AB - Cardiovascular, respiratory and analgesic effects of fentanyl and naloxone were studied in normotensive acutely decerebrated dogs. Naloxone (1 mg/kg, i.v.) increased skin twitch reflex latency, mean blood pressure, pulse pressure, respiratory rate and minute volume. Fentanyl (50 micrograms/kg, i.v.) decreased heart rate and blood pressure while the animals were artificially ventilated. The skin twitch reflex latency was not significantly altered. Nine minutes later, naloxone (1 mg/kg, i.v.) was administered and the fentanyl-induced cardiovascular depression was reversed above the control level. The skin twitch reflex latency remained unchanged. These findings give further evidence that the endogenous opioid system plays an important role in the brainstem control of circulation and respiration. The mechanism of the anomalous analgesic response of the acutely decerebrated dog requires further investigation. PMID- 7121203 TI - Effects of trypsin-treatment on agonist binding affinity to the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. AB - Trypsin-treatment of the microsome fraction of the ileum and the synaptic membrane fraction of the cerebral cortex of guinea-pig caused selective reduction in the apparent affinity of an agonist (carbachol), but not an antagonist (atropine), to muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR), measured as inhibition of binding of 3H-quinuclidinyl benzilate (3H-QNB). This effect was similar to that of Gpp(NH)p. The effects of trypsin and Gpp(NH)p were not additive. On the other hand, treatment of these fractions with 5,5'-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) increased the apparent affinity of agonist, but not antagonist. The effect of DTNB predominated over those of trypsin and Gpp(NH)p, when the fractions were treated with two reagents simultaneously. PMID- 7121202 TI - Molecular mechanism of the effects of guanine nucleotide and sulfhydryl reagent on muscarinic receptors in smooth muscles studied by radiation inactivation. AB - The molecular sizes of the units concerned in 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) binding and in the effects of guanine nucleotide and sulfhydryl reagent on the inhibition of QNB binding by carbachol in smooth muscle of guinea pig ileum were determined to be 76,000, 179,000 and 107,000, respectively by the radiation inactivation method. One or more subunits (GTP subunit) other than the receptor subunit in a muscarinic receptor appeared to be involved in the effect of guanine nucleotide. When guanine nucleotide was present, the receptor subunit seemed to be dissociated from the GTP subunit. PMID- 7121204 TI - Method of ethanol administration as a confounding factor in studies of fetal alcohol syndrome. AB - Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a complete liquid diet containing either 5.5% ethanol (mean daily intake of about 9g of ethanol per kg body weight) or an isocaloric amount of dextrose (control group), with additional water available ad libitum. The diets were fed for four weeks prior to and throughout pregnancy. On day 20 of gestation cardiac output and blood flow to the the placenta, heart, kidneys and uterus were measured and plasma osmolality and muscle dry weight were determined. No significant differences were seen between alcohol and control groups with respect to litter size, fetal weight, maternal cardiac output, blood flow to the placenta or other organs, plasma osmolality, or muscle dry weight. This contrasts with previous experiments in which a similar quantity of alcohol (as % calories) was offered in drinking water (equivalent to a mean daily ethanol intake of 10g/kg body weight). Under those conditions fetal weight was reduced, blood flow to the placenta was reduced, and plasma osmolality and muscle dry weight were increased, indicating a moderate degree of dehydration. It is concluded that the effect of ethanol ingestion is influenced by the mode of administration of the ethanol. Dehydration may be a confounding factor in studies of animal models of fetal alcohol syndrome, although it is not possible to rule out a differential metabolic response to alcohol, depending on the mode of administration. PMID- 7121205 TI - Development of cross-tolerance to 5-hydroxytryptamine in organotypic cultures of mouse spinal cord-ganglia during chronic exposure to morphine. AB - Exposure of organotypic explants of mouse spinal cord with attached dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) to low concentrations (approximately 10nM) of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) markedly depressed sensory-evoked dorsal-horn network responses, resembling the acute effects of opioids in these cultures. Attenuation of cord responses by 5-HT was not prevented by exposure to the 5-HT antagonists, methysergide and cyproheptadiene, nor to the opiate antagonist, naloxone. Explants that had become tolerant to morphine after chronic exposure (1 microM) for greater than 2 days often developed cross-tolerance to 5-HT. Acute exposure of morphine-tolerant explants to naloxone (1 microM) further attenuated the effects of 5-HT so that the minimum depressant levels of 5-HT were often increased up to 30-fold. Increasing the extra-cellular Ca++ concentration (to 5 mM) and/or introduction of 4-aminopyridine markedly antagonized the depressant effects of 5-HT on DRG-evoked cord responses, so that 5-HT levels comparable to those used on morphine-tolerant explants were required to depress naive explants. These depressant effects of 5-HT on cord-DRG explants are consonant with antinociceptive actions of 5-HT administered to dorsal cord in situ. Our data suggest that 5-HT may block neuronal components of dorsal horn networks at similar regions to those that are depressed by opiates, i.g. presynaptic DRG nerve terminals where abundant opiate receptors are located. The marked attenuation of the depressant effects of both 5-HT and opiates on cord-DRG explants by high Ca++ raises the possibility that cross-tolerance to 5-HT in morphine-tolerant explants may result from the same neuronal alterations that render dorsal-horn networks tolerant to opiates. Furthermore, the increased degree of cross-tolerant cultures may be an expression of opiate dependence. PMID- 7121206 TI - Depletion of renal cortical glutathione and nephrotoxicity by cephaloridine, cephalothin and gentamicin in male Sprague-Dawley rats. AB - Cephaloridine and gentamicin are selectively accumulated in renal cortex and produce necrosis or proximal tubular cells. However, the mechanisms responsible for renal cortical accumulation of these two antibiotics are quite different; therefore the early pathogenetic processes may not be the same. In the present study, effects of two cephalosporins (cephaloridine and cephalothin) and an aminoglycoside (gentamicin) on rat renal cortical glutathione were determined. Cephaloridine produced a dose-related depletion of renal cortical glutathione one hour following a single administration of the drug. In contrast, cephalothin in equivalent doses did not reduce renal cortical glutathione. Gentamicin had no effect on renal cortical glutathione, even when an acutely lethal dose (1000 mg/kg) was used. Pretreatment of rats with diethyl maleate (0.4 ml/kg) markedly depleted renal cortical glutathione and this pretreatment also potentiated cephaloridine nephrotoxicity. These results suggest that glutathione may play a protective role against cephaloridine but not gentamicin nephrotoxicity. PMID- 7121207 TI - Influence of oxytocin on human memory processes: validation by a control study. AB - An earlier report (1) of an adverse effect of high doses of oxytocin on human memory included results of studies on women receiving oxytocin as part of the treatment to induce 2nd trimester therapeutic abortion. These women served as their own controls. We have now been able to study a group of women who have been treated in all ways like the original group, with the exception that they did not receive oxytocin. The results from this external control corroborate the finding that oxytocin affected memory. PMID- 7121208 TI - The metabolism of lithocholic acid and lithocholic acid-3-alpha-sulfate by human fecal bacteria. PMID- 7121210 TI - Plasma high density lipoprotein subgroup distribution in rats fed diets with varying amounts of sucrose and sunflower oil. PMID- 7121209 TI - Effect of garlic (Allium sativum linn) on serum lipoproteins and lipoprotein cholesterol levels in albino rats rendered hypercholesteremic by feeding cholesterol. AB - The hypocholesteremic activity of garlic was tested by incorporation freeze-dried garlic powder at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0% levels in an atherogenic diet fed to rats. It was observed that 0.5 and 1.0% levels were not effective whereas the other 2 levels were. The group fed 2.0% garlic powder had much lower serum cholesterol level than the one fed 3%. The increased levels of low density lipoproteins (LDL) and LDL-cholesterol in rats fed the atherogenic diet were partly reversed in rats receiving a supplement of 2% garlic powder. On a cholesterol-containing diet, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and HDL-cholesterol levels were decreased. Inclusion of garlic powder in the atherogenic diet enhanced the percentage of HDL whereas no change was observed in HDL cholesterol levels. Commercial garlic pearls (equivalent to 0.15% garlic powder in the diet) produced a significant decrease in serum and liver cholesterol levels in rats fed the atherogenic diet. On the other hand, asafoetida at 1.5% level failed to reduce the serum cholesterol levels in the cholesterol-fed rats. PMID- 7121211 TI - Saturated fatty acids greater than C20 are not activated by acid:coa ligase in rat brain or liver? PMID- 7121212 TI - Effect of age and cholestyramine feeding on rat liver 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl CoA reductase, sterol carrier protein 1 and sterol carrier protein 2 activities. AB - The rate of formation of sterol from squalene in livers from suckling rats was less than one-third that of adults. This difference was due to a lesser activity of microsomal enzymes in the suckling rat livers, and not to any difference in cytosolic sterol carrier protein 1. The microsomal enzymes and sterol carrier protein 2 of the cytosol required for the conversion 7-dehydrocholesterol to cholesterol were both lower in suckling rats compared to adults. Both those activities paralleled the differences in HMG-CoA reductase activities between suckling and adult rats. Feeding of cholestryamine to adult rats increased the activities of the microsomal enzymes, sterol carrier protein 1 and sterol carrier protein 2 involved in the conversion of squalene to cholesterol. PMID- 7121213 TI - Antioxidant activities of tocopherols on Fe2+-ascorbate-induced lipid peroxidation in lecithin liposomes. AB - The antioxidant activities of 4 tocopherols, tocol, and a water-soluble model analog of alpha-tocopherol were compared. Egg lecithin liposomes were used and oxidation was catalyzed by Fe2+-ascorbate. The activities decreased in the order alpha greater than beta greater than gamma greater than delta-tocopherol greater than tocol, in agreement with their potencies in vivo. The water-soluble analog was the least effective. Activity depended on the molar ratio of antioxidant to unsaturated lipid, with one molecule each of the alpha-, beta-, gamma-, delta tocopherol and tocol capable of protecting, respectively, 220, 120, 100, 30 and 20 molecules of polyunsaturated fatty acid. The mechanism of possible antioxidant effect of the compounds used is discussed. PMID- 7121216 TI - Serological grouping of beta-haemolytic streptococci: a comparison of methods. PMID- 7121215 TI - Extraction and recovery of IgG antibodies using Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 7121214 TI - Mouse monoclonal anti-A and anti-B as routine blood grouping reagents: an evaluation. PMID- 7121217 TI - The production of anti-P1 in rabbits immunised with pigeon ovomucoid. PMID- 7121218 TI - Radioimmunoassay of total plasma oestriol: a cost-cutting procedure. PMID- 7121219 TI - Modifications in the microbiological assay of folate and vitamin B12. PMID- 7121220 TI - [Comparison of the accuracy of methods of copying the body contour of patients preparatory to irradiation]. PMID- 7121221 TI - [Clinical aspects and computerized optimization of automated radiotherapy of endometrial carcinoma]. PMID- 7121222 TI - [Radiotherapy of vaginal metastases of cervix neoplasms]. PMID- 7121223 TI - [Clinicomorphological correlations in preoperative radiotherapy of soft tissue sarcoma]. PMID- 7121225 TI - [Radionuclide diagnosis of the functional state of the lymphatic system in the extremities during treatment of posttraumatic osteomyelitis by G.A. Ilizarov's method]. PMID- 7121226 TI - [Morphological effects of the chronic action of a UHF field on the mouse nervous system]. PMID- 7121224 TI - [Pancreatoscintigraphy following glucose load]. PMID- 7121227 TI - [Radiosensitivity of stromal elements (CFU-F) of the bone marrow in lymphogranulomatosis]. PMID- 7121228 TI - [State of the small intestine in the acute and long-term period following irradiation and use of peritol]. PMID- 7121230 TI - [Development and present status of the concept of nominal standard dose]. PMID- 7121229 TI - [Cancer treatment in the leading oncoradiological centers in France]. PMID- 7121231 TI - [Results of combination bronchofibroscopic and radiometric diagnosis of lung cancer]. PMID- 7121232 TI - [Experimental radionuclide study of pulmonary circulation in microbial invasion and surgical trauma]. PMID- 7121233 TI - [Colposcopy and its use in the recognition and treatment of changes in the cervix uteri]. PMID- 7121234 TI - [Placental insufficiency]. PMID- 7121235 TI - [Denial of obligation to disclose name of the surgeon]. PMID- 7121236 TI - [Beware the wood tick! Early summer meningoencephalitis]. PMID- 7121237 TI - [Nager's acrofacial dysostosis (nager-de Reynier's acrofacial dysostosis syndrome). A hereditary mandibulofacial dysostosis with hypoplasia, of the extremities, especially of the thumb]. PMID- 7121238 TI - [Effects of furosemide, spironolactone and 6-methylprednisolone on cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Contribution to the treatment of brain edema]. PMID- 7121239 TI - [Plasma cortisol levels and magnetic field therapy. Initial orientational study]. PMID- 7121240 TI - [Smoking or health--your choice]. PMID- 7121241 TI - Semantic interpretation effects on memory for faces. PMID- 7121242 TI - Dimensions of lexical coding in Chinese and English. PMID- 7121243 TI - Cortical evoked responses to synonyms and antonyms. PMID- 7121244 TI - Scanning, holistic encoding, and the word-superiority effect. PMID- 7121245 TI - Recall or evaluation of chess positions as determinants of chess skill. PMID- 7121246 TI - Acquisition of the hierarchy of tonal functions in music. PMID- 7121247 TI - Why do categorization effects occur in comparative judgment tasks? PMID- 7121248 TI - Lateral inhibition and echoic memory: some comments on Crowder's (1978) theory. PMID- 7121249 TI - Regression analyses as a tool for studying reading processes: comment on Just and Carpenter's eye fixation theory. PMID- 7121250 TI - The coupling of bone formation to bone resorption: a critical analysis of the concept and of its relevance to the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. AB - The approximate equality of whole-body rates of formation and resorption over a wide range, a phenomenon frequently but inaccurately referred to as coupling, depends on the prompt and approximately complete refilling of each new resorption cavity with new bone. This focal regulation of bone balance requires an adequate supply of new osteoblasts at the right place at the right time, a process which presumably depends both on the availability of precursor cells and on some form of coupling signal. It also requires that each new osteoblast is able to make a normal amount of bone matrix, a process which is probably unrelated to coupling. The defect in bone formation that occurs in normal aging (and is exaggerated in osteoporosis) is too small a total work output by each new team of osteoblasts, so that refilling of resorption cavities is incomplete. Whether too few osteoblasts are assembled, which could result from a defect in a coupling signal or from deficiency of osteoblast precursors, or whether each osteoblast makes a subnormal amount of bone is unknown. Defective coupling, in the sense of a delay in the focal onset of bone formation after completion of resorption does occur in many patients with osteoporosis but makes only a minor contribution to bone loss. Imbalance between whole-body rates of resorption and formation in the absence of a coupling defect can also result from exaggerated depth of resorption cavities leading to perforation of trabecular plates and removal of some of the surfaces on which new bone is formed. The possible role of defective coupling in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis is still to be established. PMID- 7121251 TI - Altered vitamin D metabolism and bone remodelling in patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma and hypercalcitoninemia. AB - Fourteen patients with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MCT) and hypercalcitoninemia were studied. Serum concentrations of calcium, phosphorus and iPTH (C-terminal) were normal. Serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-(OH)2D) levels were increased (p less than 0.001) in spite of reduced serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) levels (p less than 0.02) indicating an enhanced activity of the renal 1 alpha-hydroxylase. Serum 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels were normal and correlated positively with serum 25-OHD. Histomorphometric analyses of iliac crest bone biopsies after in vivo tetracycline double-labelling were performed in patients and controls. The patients showed a normal trabecular bone volume. The mean size of the cortical osteocytic lacunae was increased (p less than 0.001). Significant increases were found in fractional formation surfaces (p less than 0.05), fractional labelled surfaces (p less than 0.01) and fractional resorption surfaces (p less than 0.005) in trabecular bone. The appositional rate of newly mineralized bone was reduced (p less than 0.025). The mean osteoid seam width was normal due to an unchanged mineralization lag time and a normal osteoid appositional rate. The bone formation rate at tissue level was high normal. The altered vitamin D metabolism may be caused by a direct effect of hypercalcitoninemia on the renal l alpha-hydroxylase or may represent an adaptive change in calcium-phosphorus homeostasis. The dynamic bone changes are similar to those found in primary hyperparathyroidism and may be caused by an enhanced sensitivity to circulating PTH induced by the increased 1,25-(OH)2D. PMID- 7121252 TI - Fluoride in serum and bone during treatment of osteoporosis with sodium fluoride, calcium and vitamin D. AB - Thirteen patients with primary osteoporosis were treated for two years with sodium fluoride (NaF), calcium and dihydrotachysterol (group A). The dose of NaF was modified according to the serum fluoride concentration, which was kept as constant as possible between 0.20 and 0.25 microgram/ml. In patients with bone fluoride content greater than or equal to 0.20% a significant increase in the volumetric density and in the surface percentage covered with osteoid and with osteoblasts was observed. A second group of 7 patients with primary osteoporosis was also treated for 2 years with calcium and dihydrotachysterol, but without fluoride (group B). In these patients no significant change in the volumetric density or in the surface percentage covered with osteoid or osteoblasts was found. Patients in group A with a bone fluoride content less than 0.20% could not be distinguished from the patients in group B. Based on the available data an advice was given for the dosage of NaF in patients with osteoporosis. Regular assessment of the serum fluoride concentration remains advisable. PMID- 7121253 TI - Clinical evaluation of myeloma osteoclastic bone lesions: II. Induced hypocalcemia test using salmon calcitonin. AB - Acute effects of salmon calcitonin (SCT) were tested by an SCT induced hypocalcemia test (SCT delta Ca test) in 70 cases of multiple myeloma (MM) (including 52 untreated patients) with bone involvement. Response to SCT in terms of maximum induced hypocalcemia (M delta Ca) was compared to normal controls (NC) and correlated with the main presenting features and clinical status. Acute effects are significantly more marked in MM than in NC (p less than .001). There is a good correlation with the extent of lytic bone lesions (p less than .01), the presence of hypercalcemia (p less than .02) and the myeloma cell mass (p less than .05). After correction for bone involvement response to SCT (M delta Ca) was stronger in IgA lambda MM than in IgG kappa (p less than .01). It is of particular interest that acute effects are significantly more marked in cases of active disease than in non-active disease. We conclude that the SCT delta Ca test might be of practical value in the management of MM. PMID- 7121254 TI - Bone status of children receiving anticonvulsant therapy. AB - Bone mineral status was assessed by direct photon absorptiometry on 140 children and adolescent hospital outpatients receiving long-term anticonvulsant drug therapy and on 132 institutionalized mentally retarded subjects, 74 of whom were receiving anticonvulsant drugs. Serum calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase concentrations were determined for the hospital outpatients. Average deviations of bone mineral content (%BMC) ranged from 8.4-16.2% of normal values predicted from regression analysis. A trend toward increased demineralization was associated with length of anticonvulsant drug therapy. Mentally retarded subjects and hospital subjects with seizures accompanied by other serious disorders showed significantly greater osteopenia than hospital subjects with seizures alone. A lack of association of BMC with presence of anticonvulsant drug therapy in the mentally retarded population suggested that their low %BMC values were due to other factors related to the nature of the sample and the condition of institutionalization. Biochemical values showed a lack of association with osteopenia. A comparison of the present results on compact bone with results of others involving osteoid of trabecular bone suggests that anticonvulsant drug therapy affects these tissues differently and that the chemistry of the blood more closely reflects the osteoid proliferation of the trabecular bone rather than the changes related to the osteopenia of compact bone. PMID- 7121255 TI - Calcium oxalate deposition in growing bone: anatomical and radiological study in a case of primary oxalosis. AB - A combined radiological, histological, and crystallographical study of bone, primarily the inferior femur, taken at autopsy from a 9 year old female with primary oxalosis, is reported. The essential feature is the deposition of calcium oxalate monohydrate (whewellite) crystals, inducing a foreign body reaction and bone remodelling. Synovial and cartilage surfaces are not involved. The changes occur primarily at sites of previous or present growth and seem to be related to the reaction of tissue to the deposition of blood-borne crystals. The radiological changes may be explained in part by the deposition of crystals at Harris' lines of growth arrest. Cancellous bone also shows changes similar to those observed in renal osteodystrophy. PMID- 7121257 TI - Skeletal abnormalities in rats induced by simulated weightlessness. AB - A hypokinetic model has been developed which attempts to simulate the weightlessness experienced during space flight. Male rats (approximately 130 g) were suspended from the model with a head-down tilt for a two-week period. Total mechanical unloading of the hind limbs and partial unloading of the fore limbs occurred. In comparison to pair-fed control rats, the skeletal alterations in the proximal tibial and humeral metaphyses of suspended rats were determined to be a diminished rate of longitudinal bone growth, a reduced mass of mineralized tissue, and an accumulation of marrow fat. Also, suspended rats exhibited decreased numbers of osteoblasts and increased numbers of osteoclasts immediately adjacent to the growth plate-metaphyseal junction at both skeletal sites. Although the reduction in mineralized tissue and the fat accumulation were more marked in the tibia, the skeletal changes in the proximal tibial and humeral metaphyses were generally comparable. The observed abnormalities may be due to mechanical unloading and/or a hypersecretion of corticosteroids. PMID- 7121256 TI - Comparative biochemical studies of the callus matrix in immobilized and non immobilized fractures. AB - Fracture healing in both non-immobilized and immobilized rat fracture callus, though different radiographically and histologically; is characterized by similar biochemical changes in the ground substance. Although the callus formed in the immobilized model is appreciably smaller than that formed when the fracture is not immobilized, the chemical composition of the organic matrix of the existing callus undergoes similar modifications regardless of fixation and histological response. Previous studies of endochondral fracture repair have demonstrated an elevation in fracture callus hexosamine content during the early stages of healing of the non-immobilized fracture. This corresponded histologically to a predominance of cartilaginous tissue in the callus matrix. In the present study, the biochemistry, histology, and roentgenographic features of stabilized and non stabilized rat fractures are compared. Similar elevations in hexosamine are noted at two weeks in both models. These elevations are attributed to changes in proteoglycan rather than glycoprotein concentration of the tissue. PMID- 7121258 TI - Relationship between glucose oxidation and glucose tolerance in man. PMID- 7121259 TI - Variations of glucose metabolism by fat cells from three adipose depots of the rat. AB - Fat cells isolated from the epididymal (E) and dorsal subcutaneous (S) depots from 150g male Wistar rats were similar in size, but differed markedly in glucose metabolism. Retroperitoneal (RP) fat cells were slightly larger but were metabolically similar to epididymal fat cells. Basal incorporation of [1-14C] glucose into fatty acids was lower in S than E and RP, CO2 production and glyceride-glycerol synthesis were similar in all three; and lactate production was increased in RP and S compared to E. S adipocytes exhibited a blunted respond to both submaximally and maximally-stimulating concentrations of insulin compared to RP and E adipocytes in glucose incorporation into fatty acids, CO2 and lactate production, but not glyceride-glycerol. Maximally insulin-stimulated fatty acid synthesis by S fat cells was 19% and 29% of the values in E and RP fat cells respectively. Basal and maximally insulin-stimulated glucose transport (2-deoxy [14C] glucose uptake) was depressed by 30%-40% in S cells compared to E and RP. Thus, the decreased basal glucose utilization of S could be attributed primarily to a decreased glucose transport capacity. The markedly lower insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism in S fat cells, however, may be explained by alterations of the capacities for both transport and intracellular metabolism. Subcutaneous fat cells were also somewhat less sensitive to submaximal doses of insulin and this was reflected in rightward shift in the dose-response curves for 2-deoxyglucose uptake and fatty acid synthesis. The decreases in insulin stimulated glucose oxidation and fatty acid synthesis were paralleled by decreases in the major lipogenic enzymes. Although the reason for these variations in the capacity for glucose metabolism among depots is unknown, they are important in assessing the metabolic function of the whole adipose organ. PMID- 7121260 TI - Noradrenaline turnover during under- and over-eating in normal weight subjects. AB - Adjustments to sympathetic nervous system activity may regulate constant body weight despite wide variations in energy intake. To test this six normal weight subjects were studied at three different energy intakes (low, weight maintaining and high). Noradrenaline turnover was measured on the tenth day of each diet. Both noradrenaline appearance rate and noradrenaline clearance increased significantly with increasing energy intake and were a more sensitive indices than the plasma noradrenaline concentrations which rose, but not significantly. Fasting triiodothyronine (T3) rose and reverse T3 fell with increasing energy intake, while thyroxine (T4) concentrations did not change. Systolic blood pressure also rose significantly. Underfeeding resulted in reductions in noradrenaline appearance and clearance rates and in the T3 level. These results demonstrate that sympathetic nervous system activity, as determined by noradrenaline turnover in plasma, varies in response to short-term changes in energy intake in normal weight subjects. These changes may partly explain why some individuals maintain body weight constant despite large differences in food intake. The present findings may also be relevant to the variability in susceptibility to become obese. PMID- 7121261 TI - Bioavailability of thyroid hormones from oral replacement preparations. AB - We evaluated gastrointestinal absorption in normal subjects of T4 and T3 from synthetic T3 tablets (Cytomel, SKF), desiccated thyroid tablets (Armour), thyroglobulin tablets (Proloid, Warner-Chilcott) and synthetic L-T4 tablets (Synthroid, Flint and Levothroid, Armour). Measurements of serum T4 and T3 concentrations and free hormone indices were made at multiple times after tablet ingestion, and T3 content in tablets was measured by radioimmunoassay. The time to peak serum T3, and the 26 hr intergrated increment in serum T3, Corrected for the amount if T3 ingested, were not significantly different for 75 micrograms of synthetic T3, 6 grains of desiccated thyroid (containing 99 micrograms T3) and 5 grains of thyroglobulin (containing 90 micrograms T3), the mean integrated increment values for the biological preparations being within 12% of those for synthetic T3. The peak serum T4 concentration, the time to peak T4, and 48 hr integrated increments in serum T4 and T3 were similar after 3 mg of Synthroid and Levothroid. The mean peak serum Free T3 Index after 75 micrograms T3, 500, was much higher than the mean peak Free T3 Index after 3 mg T4, 290. The time to peak Free T3 Index was much less after 75 micrograms T3, 2 hr, than the time to peak after 3 mg T4, 2 days. These results indicate that the time course and extent of T3 absorption do not differ, whether the T3 is given as the synthetic iodothyronine or as part of the thyroid protein, thyroglobulin. This approach appears to be useful in determining bioavailability of thyroid hormones from oral preparations and to assess the possibility of thyroid hormone malabsorption. PMID- 7121262 TI - Elevation rate of glycosylated hemoglobins in dogs after induction of experimental diabetes mellitus. AB - The glycosylated hemoglobin, hemoglobin A1c, (HbA1c), which reflects average plasma glucose of the previous few weeks, has recently been used to monitor humans with diabetes mellitus. Further understanding of the HbA1c elevation rate would improve interpretation of HbA1c. We determined glycosylated hemoglobin elevation rates in 5 dogs with induced diabetes. Hemoglobin A1C was determined by an established column chromatographic technique; plasma glucose by glucose oxidase. Values were determined on 13 normal dogs and compared with values obtained weekly from surgically or chemically induced diabetic dogs. Hemoglobin A1c increased in a fashion that could be predicted by modelling. The model predicts that large changes in Hb A1c will occur within the first few weeks of a sudden change in glucose and that a new plateau will be reached at a time equal to the erythrocyte life span. In the present experiment abnormally elevated HbA1c occurred after 2 wk of hyperglycemia. The results should approximate the elevation rate after acute onset and sustained severe hyperglycemia in humans, because humans and canine are hematologically similar and thus extend previously reported studies on human out-patient diabetics. PMID- 7121263 TI - Apolipoprotein E levels in vegetarians. AB - Vegetarians are known to have low lipoprotein lipid and apolipoprotein Al and B levels. Since dietary cholesterol has recently been shown to have important effects on apolipoprotein E (apo E) metabolism, we measured plasma apo E levels in three groups of vegetarians. Group I (n = 36) consumed less than 10 mg cholesterol daily and 42% of calories as fat (P:S ratio 2.6). Group II (n = 10) and Group III (n = 18) consumed 97 and 179 mg cholesterol daily, and 35% of calories as fat (P:S ratios 0.7 and 0.9) respectively. Compared to control values, vegetarian plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels were decreased by 10%-30% and 30%-55%. Plasma apo E levels were decreased equally in all groups by 35% (2.4 +/- 0.1 mg/dl versus 3.6 +/0 0.1 mg/kl, P less than .001). Plasma apo E levels were increased in parallel with lipid levels in pregnant vegetarians but were not different from non-lactating vegetarians in postpartum lactating women. Decreased apo E levels did not correlate with relative body weight, P:S ratio or intake of fat, carbohydrates or protein. Since all vegetarian diets studied were low cholesterol diets, decreased cholesterol intake may contribute to the low apo E levels. The apparent modification of apo E metabolism by vegetarian diets may be important in mediating effects of lipid lowering diets on atherogenesis. PMID- 7121264 TI - Inappropriately low serum GH in an acromegalic: lysosomal involvement in intracellular hormone degradation. AB - A patient with galactorrhea, amenorrhae and severe acromegaly was found to have a large pituitary adenoma. In view of the severity of the disease the serum growth hormone (GH) level (22.5 mlU/liter) was considered inappropriately low. Tissue from the adenoma was obtained during successful treatment with interstitial irradiation. (90Yttrium). Trypsin-dispersed biopsy cells in culture for 12 days secreted low amounts of GH compared to the same number of adenoma cells from 5 other unselected acromegalics or a normal pituitary. No other hormones were secreted in culture. Immunocytochemical staining was positive only with GH antisera but showed low intracellular content. This was confirmed by direct analysis of the tumor tissue which showed the GH content to be only 20% of that found in 5 normal pituitaries and 4% of that found in 8 other adenomas from acromegalics. Electron microscopy showed a striking appearance, with GH secretory granules that were sparse in number, smaller than usual, and in the main arranged around numerous intracellular profiles with double membranes and low electron density that were tentatively identified as autophagic vacuoles (secondary lysosomes). Subcellular fractionation showed the distribution of the radioimmunoassayable GH in the gradient to be coincident with the peak of the lysosomes whereas in 2 other acromegalics the GH peak was clearly separated from the lysosomes. We conclude that the simultaneous appearance in our patient of the relatively low serum GH together with a large tumor and severe acromegaly can be explained biochemically by the striking finding of crinophagy - disposal of hormone secretory granules within the somatotroph cells themselves. PMID- 7121265 TI - Effect of dialysis on serum carnitine, free fatty acids, and triglyceride levels in man and the rat. AB - Serum free carnitine, free fatty acid and triglyceride values were followed in patients with end-stage renal disease on maintenance dialysis therapy. During dialysis a decrease in serum carnitine was documented. Whereas the elevated triglyceride concentration remained constant, there was a sharp rise in free fatty acids during the dialysis procedure. This pattern occurred whether patients were subjected to hemodialysis or intermittent peritoneal dialysis. Peritoneal dialysis was performed in a rat model and produced results similar to those observed in human subjects. Furthermore, it could be demonstrated that peritoneal dialysis initiated the hypertriglyceridemia in the otherwise normal animal within a short time period. Whereas the abnormalities observed in carnitine and fatty acid metabolism may or may not be causally related in rat or man, they both seem to result from dialysis therapy. PMID- 7121267 TI - Preparation and assay of paramyosin. PMID- 7121266 TI - Chlorpropamide-alcohol flushing, malar thermal circulation index, and baseline malar temperature. AB - Chlorpropamide-alcohol flushing (CPAF) has been advanced and challenged as a specific marker for familial noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus. The previous studies assay flushing reactions employing arbitrarily defined critical threshold values of rise and rate of rise in facial temperature. Since these methods ignore the curvilinear relationship between skin temperature and cutaneous blood flow, errors of analysis obtained, Further, the role of baseline facial temperature is obfuscated. The method of malar thermal circulation index derived from the relationship between skin temperature and cutaneous blood flow provides a more accurate assay method and permits the characterization of the role of baseline facial temperature. Baseline facial temperature is less in subjects with CPAF and noninsulin dependent diabetes than in normal subjects. The lower baseline facial temperature alone may account for the reported differences in the parameters of the CPAF test. PMID- 7121268 TI - Preparation problems unique to Mercenaria paramyosin. PMID- 7121269 TI - Purification of muscle actin. PMID- 7121270 TI - Preparation of troponin and its subunits. PMID- 7121271 TI - Preparation of smooth muscle myosin. PMID- 7121272 TI - Preparation of smooth muscle alpha-actinin. PMID- 7121273 TI - Purification and properties of avian and mammalian filamins. PMID- 7121274 TI - Preparation of cytoplasmic actin. PMID- 7121275 TI - Cytoplasmic tropomyosins. PMID- 7121276 TI - Preparation of tubulin from brain. PMID- 7121277 TI - Isolation of tubulin from nonneural sources. PMID- 7121278 TI - Physical properties of purified calf brain tubulin. PMID- 7121279 TI - Purification and assay of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). PMID- 7121280 TI - Techniques for the study of microtubule assembly in vitro. PMID- 7121282 TI - Preparation of spectrin. PMID- 7121281 TI - Microtubule disassembly: a quantitative kinetic approach for defining endwise linear depolymerization. PMID- 7121283 TI - Macrophage actin-binding protein. PMID- 7121284 TI - Optical diffraction and filtering of electron micrographs of contractile proteins. PMID- 7121286 TI - Fluorescence as a probe of contractile systems. PMID- 7121285 TI - Preparation of contractile proteins for photon correlation spectroscopic and classical light-scattering studies. PMID- 7121287 TI - Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance of contractile systems. PMID- 7121288 TI - Special instrumentation and techniques for kinetic studies of contractile systems. PMID- 7121290 TI - Preparation of light chains from scallop myosin. PMID- 7121289 TI - Preparation and fractionation of myosin light chains and exchange of the essential light chains. PMID- 7121291 TI - Preparation of myofibrils. PMID- 7121292 TI - Chemical modification of myosin by active-site trapping of metal-nucleotides with thiol crosslinking reagents. PMID- 7121293 TI - Five-year follow-up of oestrogen therapy in 94 women. AB - The present paper reviews a cohort of peri- and post-menopausal women who commenced hormone therapy in 1975 with follow-up observations for 5 yr. The study indicates that more than half of the patients discontinued treatment for various reasons within the 5 yr period. The drop-out rate was proportionately much greater in the bone clinic patients than in the menopause clinic patients. The reasons for this are discussed. PMID- 7121294 TI - Circadian rhythm of testosterone and prolactin in the ageing. AB - The role which testicular hormones have on the decrease of sexual function in ageing men is still uncertain, but of primary interest. Previously, it has been known that the impairment of Leydig cell activity is a causal factor in the decreasing sexual function in ageing men. The present study is an evaluation of some chronobiological aspects, which directly or indirectly concern the 'Gonadostat' in ageing men, in order to determine of any change of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis occurs during the ageing process. The results from a group of 18 young men aged between 21 and 37 were compared with the results from a group of 28 older men between the ages of 67 and 98. The daily variations of testosterone (T) levels were determined in both groups of men as its circadian rhythm is well known in adult men. Moreover, the nocturnal secretory pattern of prolactin (PRL) was studied in 6 of the 28 elderly men. When comparing the usual increase of T levels in adult men, which occurs in the morning, there were no significant differences found in the older group of men between early morning and evening. The PRL levels showed no nocturnal increase in 4 of the 6 men. A hormonal impairment in the central nervous system may, in fact, be associated with the testicular deficiency leading to the decrease in sexual function of ageing men. PMID- 7121295 TI - Weight reduction and oestrogen excretion in obese post-menopausal women. AB - The urinary excretion of oestrone (E1), oestradiol (E2) and oestriol (E2) was measured in 42 obese post-menopausal women before and 6-12 mth after their participation in a weight reduction programme. The method of inducing weight loss was based on modification of eating behaviour without specific changes in dietary composition. Urinary oestrogen, as a ratio to creatinine, were measured by a specific radioimmunoassay after purification of the specific oestrogen fraction. Before weight reduction efforts, there is a significant correlation among E1, weight and the Quetelet-index and between E3 and the Quetelet-index. These correlations have disappeared after weight reduction. There is a significant positive correlation between changes in body-weight and changes in the excretion of E1, E3 and total oestrogens. There was no significant change in the so-called oestrogen ratio (E1 + E2/E3) in relation to change in body weight. With respect to the statistical association between endometrial cancer, breast cancer and overweight, our data give support to the concept that intervention programmes on weight reduction may influence both the incidence and the prognosis of these two diseases. PMID- 7121296 TI - Evaluation of a continuous oestrogen-progestogen regimen for climacteric complaints. AB - Subjective complaints, endometrial histopathology, vaginal cytology and bleeding patterns were recorded in 26 patients treated with a continuous oestrogen progestogen regimen for 12 mth. A marked reduction of hot flushes and sweats were noted and the evaluation of endometrial specimens revealed that the mucosae were mostly inactive-atrophic. The karyopyknotic index proved to be a poor indicator of oestrogenic activity. The number of recorded bleedings in the peri-menopausal women differed markedly from the post-menopausal women during treatment; they were very slight in the latter group. Even in those cases where bleeding occurred, the endometrial samples were found to be atrophic. Vaginal bleeding seemed to be an unreliable indicator of endometrial histopathology. The present combination of hormones used in a continuous regimen is a good alternative for post-menopausal women in need of hormonal therapy. PMID- 7121297 TI - The fecal microbial population in the irritable bowel syndrome. AB - The focal microbial flora composition has been studied in patients affected by irritable bowel syndrome. The statistical analysis of the results showed a decrease of coliforms, lactobacilli and, to a lesser extent, bifidobacteria, as compared to control healthy individuals. Hypotheses on the cause of these modifications and their role in the maintenance and severity of the disease are discussed. PMID- 7121298 TI - Virus-cell interactions: nuclear magnetic resonance behaviour of intracellular water. AB - The water proton NMR spin-lattice relaxation time if measured in HEp-2 cells in relation to the infection by different viruses (Poliovirus type 1, Coxsackievirus B-3, human Adenovirus, Measles virus, Respiratory Syncytial virus, Herpes simplex virus, subtype 1, and Vaccinia virus). The NMR properties of intracellular water allow the early detection and identification of viruses. A close relationship is shown between the NMR behavior and the mode of virus-cell interaction. PMID- 7121299 TI - Cholera in Sardinia: imported infection or endemic focus? PMID- 7121300 TI - R factors in group D streptococci: classification by compatibility. AB - Antibiotic transferable resistance determined by R-factors is largely distributed among the enterococci. Over a two year period, 106 strains of D streptococci have been tested. Transferable resistance has been detected in 45 strain (57.7% of the resistant strains). The compatibility group of 24 plasmids has been determined: 12 belong to the group I; 4 belong to the group II; only one to the group III; one belongs to compatibility group IV; k R-factors have attributed to a new group V and the other two are not classifiable in any of the described groups. PMID- 7121301 TI - Tupaia herpesviruses: characterization and biological properties. PMID- 7121302 TI - Bacteria - platelet interaction: current status of investigations. PMID- 7121303 TI - A standardized automatic procedure to evaluate cell numbers in low cell density tissues by image analysis: application to the Staggerer mutant mouse cerebellum. AB - To obtain a reliable and fast quantification in low cell density tissues, we have developed a standardized procedure based on image analysis. The successive steps of quantification, starting with the necessary histological procedure and ending with the desired quantitative parameters, are described. Excepting the histological procedure, we have attempted to automate all the subsequent steps of the experiment, especially the acquisition of the data by an image analyser TAS (Leitz), and the storage and the analysis of these data by a PDP 11-34 computer. The final parameters calculated by such a method are the total number of cells and the cell density within the organ under study, either for all the cells, or for different cellular categories. This procedure has been applied to the quantitative study of cerebellar cells of an adult Staggerer mutant mouse and the results obtained are presented. PMID- 7121304 TI - [An economical microprocessor system for use with a Quantimet 720 image analyser ]. AB - Development and amplification of a Quantimet 720 image analyser are reported in combination with a microprocessing unit. The system controlling the measuring procedure with telecommunication for evaluation in a large computer is presented in detail. The new cost-saving units supplementing the analyser render possible: i) reduction of measuring times, ii) reduction of possible errors of measurement, and iii) optimal rational evaluation of data in a large computer system. PMID- 7121305 TI - Experiments with the aim of a more exact division of a layered tissue in stereological investigations. AB - Investigations concerning cell densities and projection areas in layered tissues, which use the procedures published by Haug, are burdened with problems due to the division of the layers and the dependence on the size of the evaluation field. In order to find a more exact division, we used a modified microscopic field. Experiments show that a circular field has no advantage as compared with a quadratic field. Therefore, the circular field cannot be recommended. PMID- 7121306 TI - Morphogenesis of the core of herpes virus of turkeys studied by computerized reconstruction technique. AB - Three-dimensional structures of the core of herpes virus of turkeys were examined by computerized reconstruction from electron micrographs. There was a core consisting of six small particles, and a core consisting of a toroid surrounding a cylindrical mass. It is suggested that the cylindrical mass developed from six small nuclear particles. PMID- 7121307 TI - Application of the concentric annular flow model to blood flow in tapered tubes. PMID- 7121309 TI - Laser Doppler velocimetry measurement of pulsatile blood flow in capillary tubes. PMID- 7121308 TI - Interstitial colloid osmotic and hydrostatic pressures in subcutaneous tissue of human thorax. PMID- 7121310 TI - Leukocyte adherence in venules of rat skeletal muscle following thermal injury. PMID- 7121311 TI - Hematocrit determination in small bore tubes by differential spectrophotometry. PMID- 7121312 TI - Quantitation of vasodilator-induced macromolecular leakage by in vivo fluorescent microscopy. PMID- 7121314 TI - Studies on streptococci. II. Colonization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from rats and humans in the gastrointestinal tract of rats. AB - The population levels of bacteria in the contents and the walls of the gastrointestinal tract of gnotobiotic rats inoculated with lactic acid bacteria (streptococci, lactobacilli, and bifidobacteria) from humans and rats were determined. Lactobacilli as well as streptococci isolated from rats colonized in the digestive tracts of the gnotobiotic rats at a high population level, characteristically highest in the stomach. On the other hand, in the rats inoculated with human lactic acid bacteria, streptococci were dominant in the lower tract. The human lactobacilli or bifidobacteria did not colonize when the organisms in each genus were inoculated together, lactobacilli and bifidobacteria colonized. Observations on the species of streptococci showed that the intestinal type of streptococci was found to colonize at a high population level, but the oral type was not. Stains of the same genus of lactic acid bacteria from humans and from rats showed different colonization patterns. PMID- 7121313 TI - An analog computer simulation showing the effect of volume exclusion on capillary fluid exchange. PMID- 7121315 TI - Isolation and properties of dextranases from Bacteroides oralis Ig4a. AB - Extracellular dextranases were extracted from a dextran-degrading microorganism, Bacteroides oralis Ig4a, which had been isolated from human dental plaque, and purified. Crude enzyme preparations obtained from a broth culture supernatant by salting out with ammonium sulfate were subjected to column chromatography on DEAE cellulose and subsequent Bio-Gel p-100, followed by isoelectric focusing. Two kinds of enzyme preparations, Enzymes I and II, with the ability to degrade soluble dextran were obtained. The optimal pHs of Enzymes I and II were 5.5 and 6.8, and the isoelectric points were pH 4.5 and 6.5, respectively. The molecular weights of Enzymes I and II were estimated by SDS-PAGE to be 44,000 and 52,000. Both enzymes were inhibited by Pb2+ and Fe3+, but not by Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, or Fe2+. Neither the presence of EDTA nor iodoacetamide had any appreciable effect on the enzyme activity. The enzyme activity was independent of any of these metal ions. Enzyme I liberated glucose, isomaltose, maltotriose and higher oligosaccharides from dextran. In contrast, Enzyme II liberated only glucose from dextran and was assumed to be an exoglycosidase. Neither of the enzymes degraded modified insoluble glucan, which is a partially oxidized mutan of S. mutans containing predominantly alpha-(1,3) linkages. PMID- 7121317 TI - Plaque formation by influenza B virus in a porcine kidney cell line. PMID- 7121316 TI - The influence of site of antigen deposition on the local immune response in the mammary gland of the ewe. AB - Experiments were carried out to compare the local antibody responses in mammary glands of ewes immunized by infusion of antigen (killed Brucella abortus) into the lactiferous sinuses (trans-epithelial presentation of antigen) or injection into the mammary tissue near the supramammary lymph node (interstitial presentation of antigen). Although both methods of antigen presentation resulted in similar antibody levels in blood, infusion of antigen into the lactiferous sinus resulted in significantly higher levels of agglutinating antibody in milk whey than did injection of antigen. When within-animal comparisons were made, infusion of antigen was also significantly superior to injection of antigen in terms of levels of non-agglutinating antibody in milk as determined by Coomb's antiglobulin assays. Evidence from immunoglobulin estimations in milk whey suggested that any elevation in concentrations of immunoglobulins (including IgA) in milk from ewes, which had received injections of antigen into mammary tissue, was associated with chronic inflammatory damage to these glands. PMID- 7121318 TI - [Morphogenesis of the hyphal apices of Fusarium Lk. ex Fr. species as affected by various isotonic solutions]. PMID- 7121320 TI - [Reverse passive hemagglutination reaction for detecting hepatitis B virus surface antigens]. PMID- 7121319 TI - [Mechanism of influenza virus sorption on anion exchange resins]. PMID- 7121321 TI - [Properties and biological activity of inactivated influenza vaccine]. PMID- 7121322 TI - [Nature of the effect of localized staphylococcal infection on rosette-forming cells of the thymus and remote and regional lymph nodes]. PMID- 7121323 TI - [Microflora of the excretions of the male genitalia in inflammatory diseases]. PMID- 7121324 TI - [Salvin, an antibiotic from Salvia officinalis]. PMID- 7121325 TI - [Bacuchiol activity against the tobacco mosaic virus]. PMID- 7121327 TI - [Effect of 1,2,4-triaminotriazole on Candida mycoderma catalase in substrate oxidation]. AB - The effect of 1,2,4-triaminotriazole on the activity of catalase was studied in the resting cells of Candida mycoderma when they oxidized glucose, ethanol and other alcohols. The compound was shown to inhibit the activity of catalase in the cells when the endogenous substrate and glucose were oxidized, but it had no effect on its activity during the oxidation of alcohols (C1-C4). Catalase is supposed to be involved in the oxidation of lower alcohols forming a complex with them and thus preventing the inhibiting action of 1,2,4-triaminotriazole. PMID- 7121326 TI - [Methane formation from pectin by a combined Clostridium pectinofermentans and Methanosarcinia vacuolata culture]. AB - The combined culture of Clostridium pectinofermentans and Methanosarcina vacuolata was shown to be capable of methane production from pectin. Hydrogen, methanol and acetate were methane precursors in that case. C. pectinofermentans grew by 67% better in the combined culture comparing to the pure culture. The stimulating action of M. vacuolata cannot be attributed to the elimination of methanol since it has no effect on the growth of C. pectinofermentans on pectin. PMID- 7121328 TI - [Ultrastructural surface restructurings of the fungus Aspergillus terreus growing on cellulose-containing substrate]. AB - The ultrastructural organization of the cell wall surface was studied in the fungus Aspergillus terreus 17P growing on different substrates: glucose, a sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) which is a soluble derivative of cellulose, ground straw. Cells grown on soluble substrates (glucose and Na-CMC) had a smooth surface in the logarithmic growth phase. Cells grown on straw, a solid insoluble substrate, released a substance of a polysaccharide nature which formed a thick fibrillar network on the surface. The electron-microscopic cytochemistry showed a relationship between cellulases and exocellular polysaccharides. PMID- 7121329 TI - [Antibiotic sensitivity of Bacillus thuringiensis var. galleriae strains]. AB - Bacillus thuringiensis strains forming colonies of the S and R morphology were found to be susceptible to streptomycin, chloramphenicol, rifampicin, neomycin, lincomycin, monomycin, kanamycin, and resistant to ampicillin and polymyxin. The S strains were shown to be susceptible to tetracycline (Tets), whereas the R strains were either susceptible (Tets) or resistant (Tetr). The population of Tetr strains was heterogeneous in its resistance to tetracycline (the frequency of Tetr cells was from 10(-4) to 1). The incubation with a subinhibiting concentration of tetracycline (2 micrograms/ml) caused "induction", which decreased in the presence of chloramphenicol, in the Tetr strains. No "induction" was detected in Tets strains. No significant differences were found in the plasmid composition of the Tets and Tetr strains, and no correlation was established between the presence of plasmids and the resistance to tetracycline. It may be concluded therefore that determinants for the resistance to tetracycline are located in the chromosomes. Possible factors causing the resistance to tetracycline in B. thuringiensis are discussed. PMID- 7121331 TI - Motivation for learning. PMID- 7121330 TI - [Use of bacteria for the biodestruction of xenobiotics]. PMID- 7121332 TI - Teaching clinical skills to pre-clinical medical students: integration with basic science learning. AB - Clinical skills are usually learned by pre-clinical students in a manner divorced from their basic science foundations. The value of previously learned basic sciences thus fails to be re-enforced. A clinical skills course was developed for an experimental curriculum of medical students in their first year. It was organized and taught by a team of basic and clinical scientists and emphasized the basic pathophysiological principles underlying clinical skills. Sessions were supported by related basic science audiovisual resources and a series of clinical problems with questions obliging the student to reason through basic-science mechanisms. Over the span of the course, students' interest shifted dramatically from a focus on proficiency in motor skills to an understanding of basic pathophysiological mechanisms underlying observed phenomena. Compared to conventional curriculum students, those in the experimental curriculum failed to show a diminution in perceived value of basic sciences in their future career and, on cumulative, cognitive examinations, scored equally in basic science, but significantly higher in clinical science subjects. A clinical skills course integrating both teachers and concepts from basic, as well as clinical sciences can improve student attitudes toward basic sciences. PMID- 7121333 TI - Medical students' attitudes toward basic sciences: influence of a primary care curriculum. AB - The emerging popularity of family medicine and primary care among medical students with an attendant pressure for clinical relevance in pre-clinical coursework and early clinical exposure has raised questions in the minds of many academicians about the students' perceived value of basic sciences in such an educational environment. A comparison was made of attitudes toward the basic sciences between students in two, concurrent, pre-clinical medical school curricula at the University of New Mexico School of Medicine. The conventional curriculum offers a teacher-centered, 2-year curriculum of basic sciences taught predominantly by basic scientists in a lecture format. The experimental curriculum entitled the Primary Care Curriculum (PCC), offers a student-centered, 2-year curriculum in which pertinent basic and clinical science learning is derive primarily from common, primary care, patient problems, discussed in small group tutorials. There are no formal lectures. Half the tutors are primary care clinicians, half basic scientists. Attitude scales were administered in two successive classes of students in both curricula at the beginning of the first and second terms of the first year. Increased cynicism toward the curriculum and its relevance to future practice was observed among conventional, but not among PCC students. This findings lends supports to the hypothesis that modification in educational methods in general and relevant, primary care experience in particular can favourably influence students' attitudes toward basic sciences. PMID- 7121334 TI - Subjective and objective outcomes of communication skills training in the first year. AB - An 8-hour training programme in basic communication skills was carried out for an entire behavioural science class. Students participated in small-group practical workshops which focused on attending and primary accurate empathy (Egan, 1975). The latter was assessed objectively be written responses to short trigger statements, and in matched pre- and post-training measures showed a significant overall increase in empathetic responding. Student evaluations of the project were positive and allowed suggestions for increasing the impact of similar training efforts in the future. PMID- 7121335 TI - Videotape demonstration of physical examination: evaluation of its use in medical undergraduate teaching. AB - A videotape demonstration of the physical examination of the alimentary system was used, in place of a traditional lecture, in the first week of a teaching programme for half of a group of commencing, clinical students. At the end of the week, these students obtained higher scores than the matched controls in a clinical assessment which utilized an objective scoring-chart especially for this study. PMID- 7121336 TI - Evaluation of a practical approach to teaching about communication with terminal cancer patients. AB - Teaching about communication between doctors and terminal cancer patients is problematic. A practical model that requires individual student problem-solving and group discussion with minimal staff involvement has been described. An evaluation showed that this model was effective in exposing students to different points of view, could result in changes in behaviour and was found to be interesting by the majority of students. PMID- 7121337 TI - Is new always better? A comparison of an established teaching method with a new teaching method in a surgical course. AB - A comparison has been made between the effectiveness of a problem-solving exercise and a formal lecture on medical students' learning during their surgical attachment. The format of a clinical trail has been adapted. No difference has been shown in the knowledge conveyed by the two methods, although the students preferred the problem-solving exercise. No assessment has been made in this study of differences in the students ability to solve problems after exposure to different methods of teaching. PMID- 7121338 TI - Objectives and students' learning in general practice. AB - Student views of objectives and learning, during 4 weeks spent in general practice in the fifth year, are compared to those of the GPs to whom they were attached. Relationships between these views are discussed, together with their implications, for the wider contributions made by general practitioners to the undergraduate curriculum. PMID- 7121339 TI - The effects of taking a practice examination on scores in the Qualifying Examination of the Medical Council of Canada. AB - A practice examination has been prepared annually at the University of Toronto for use by those who will take the Qualifying Examination of the Medical College of Canada. Passing the Qualifying Examination is an important step in gaining the Licentiate of the Medical College of Canada (the LMCC) and thus in becoming licensed. The effect of taking the practice examination on scores on the LMCC exam was investigated. The practice examination is a smaller replica of the LMCC exam, with questions spanning major medical specialties presented in both multiple-choice and patient management problem (PMP) format. It was conjectured that the effect of practice would be greater on the PMP score than on the multiple-choice score. Analysis of covariance was used to compare the LMCC examination scores of senior students, who had taken the practice examination, with the scores of those who had not. The comparison was performed for two graduating classes, separately, and involved the use of a score summarizing each student's performance in the third year of the curriculum as a covariate. In each graduating class, the practice effect on PMP scores is statistically significant. In neither class alone is the practice effect on multiple-choice scores statistically significant, although a combination of results in the two classes is statistically significant. The presence of practice effects can be taken to indicate a flaw in the testing process. The elimination of practice effects, through experiences like the practice examination, would make the entire testing process more valid. PMID- 7121341 TI - Clinical features of migraine in Malaysians. PMID- 7121340 TI - Pre-registration appointment in the 1980s--a replacement for a well-tried computerized system. AB - A new computerized system for the allocation of pre-registration house-officer appointments to medical graduates at the Welsh National School of Medicine is described. The need to withdraw an earlier system, used through much of the 1970s, is explained, and the advantages possessed by the new system are discussed. PMID- 7121342 TI - Ameloblastomas--a clinicopathologic study of 133 cases in peninsular Malaysia. PMID- 7121343 TI - A primary health care project in Sarawak. PMID- 7121344 TI - Prevalence of soil transmitted helminths in school children in the Federal Territory of Malaysia. PMID- 7121345 TI - Recent birthweight distribution and trends in Kuala Lumpur. PMID- 7121346 TI - A study on the food and nutritional status of the Armed Forces. PMID- 7121347 TI - The epidemiology of cancers in the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur. PMID- 7121348 TI - Hyperthyroid psychosis. PMID- 7121349 TI - A profile of acute myocardial infarction in urban Malays. PMID- 7121350 TI - Mortality in the early phase of acute myocardial infarction: a 3 year experience in the coronary care unit. PMID- 7121351 TI - A review of intraocular foreign bodies treated at the University Hospital Kuala Lumpur. PMID- 7121352 TI - Serum alpha-i acid glycoprotein in thyroid dysfunctions. PMID- 7121353 TI - severe chemosis in systemic lupus erythematosus--a new sign? PMID- 7121355 TI - Ultrasound and abdominal masses. PMID- 7121354 TI - Budd-Chiari syndrome--a case report. PMID- 7121358 TI - Endemic goitre: a preventable and yet highly prevalent disease in Sarawak. PMID- 7121356 TI - Diagnostic yield by multiple biopsies in malignant pleural effusion. PMID- 7121357 TI - The role of the occupational health nurse. PMID- 7121359 TI - The subject of advertising. PMID- 7121360 TI - Can isoprenaline prevent central apnea? PMID- 7121361 TI - Parathyroid adenomas associated with carcinoma of the thyroid. PMID- 7121362 TI - First aid in snake bite; comment on mock venom. PMID- 7121363 TI - Trekking holidays in the Himalayas. PMID- 7121364 TI - Aarskog's syndrome. PMID- 7121365 TI - Child abuse and neglect. PMID- 7121366 TI - A tracheostomy for the Marlboro man. PMID- 7121367 TI - Effective use of blood in elective surgical procedures. 2. The role of preoperative autologous blood transfusion. PMID- 7121368 TI - Observations on brain abscess. Review of 28 cases. AB - Twenty-eight cases of intracranial abscess managed at the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, over ten years are reviewed. In half the cases, a brain abscess was a complication of paracranial infection. In one-third of the cases, infection arose from distant spread, usually from the heart. The temporal lobe was the most common site. While neither the site nor the source of infection was a consistent prognostic factor, the patient's level of consciousness at the time of operation was considered significant. Mortality was lowest in those with the least disturbance of consciousness. The best results were obtained with excision, though this was usually only appropriate in chronic cases. The total mortality rate was 10 deaths in 28 patients (36%), and the operative mortality rate was eight deaths in 26 patients (31%). The lethal nature of brain abscess, despite recent advances in diagnosis and treatment, is emphasised. PMID- 7121371 TI - Dubious bush heroes. Gruesome hydatid stores are part of Australia's folk lore. PMID- 7121370 TI - Third-party consent to medical procedures. AB - The issue of consent to medical procedures is a particularly complex one when the patient is incapable of giving valid consent (because of age, mental disability, or physical state). A medical practitioner who proceeds with treatment without valid consent may be liable to legal action or disciplinary proceedings. Third party consent can be given by parents legally appointed guardians. Consent is not required if emergency treatment is necessary to preserve the life of the patient. It is extremely doubtful whether valid third-party consent can be given for procedures which are not essential for the preservation of life or health. PMID- 7121369 TI - Intravenous cannulas. Survey of their use in patients undergoing elective surgery. AB - A study of the complications associated with use of intravenous cannulas was conducted in 254 patients undergoing elective surgery at Westmead Centre. Four brands of cannula were studied. Surflo, Jelco, Dwellcath and Abbocath. It was found that the Surflo cannula was the most frequently used at Westmead Centre, that the dorsum of the hand was the site with the least number of complications, and that gauge of cannula had no influence on the rate of complications. Complications were more likely with blood transfusion or addition of potassium or antibiotic agents to the infusion, and the increasing duration of infusion. Abbocath cannulas had fewer complications associated with their use than the other cannulas studied. PMID- 7121372 TI - Australian doctors and nuclear war. PMID- 7121374 TI - Digital amputations by slippery slides. PMID- 7121373 TI - Wrong diagnosis of breast lesion. PMID- 7121375 TI - The media and confidentiality. PMID- 7121376 TI - Use of car seat belts during pregnancy. PMID- 7121377 TI - Significance of a negative mammogram. PMID- 7121378 TI - Perforated appendix caused by an IUD. PMID- 7121379 TI - Angio-oedema after Combantrin in a six-year-old. PMID- 7121380 TI - Dust and smoking. PMID- 7121382 TI - Balloon compression and trigeminal neuralgia. PMID- 7121381 TI - Amitryptyline and lymphoedema. PMID- 7121384 TI - Fatal paraquat poisoning. PMID- 7121383 TI - Peripheral eosinophilia associated with eosinophilic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PMID- 7121385 TI - Lung-function reference values from Victorian power-industry workmen. AB - Reference values for a number of lung function tests performed on a group of apparently healthy Victorian power industry workmen are described. Most workers in this industry have had at least incidental exposure to a range of respiratory hazards, including asbestos dust, at some time in their working lives, but men who recalled handling asbestos materials were excluded from the study. Comparison with other published Australian data shows considerable variation. Differences such as measurement technique, equipment calibration, occupational factors, and selection bias must be considered when reference values from published reports are used for clinical or epidemiological purposes. PMID- 7121386 TI - Amplified music and young people's hearing. Review and report of Australian findings. AB - We gave 944 young people (aged 16 to 20 years) pure-tone audiometry, electroacoustic impedance tests, and ear, nose and throat examination. We questioned them about their histories of exposure to occupational and recreational noise. The data do not support the view that there is wide-spread hearing loss caused by exposure to amplified music in young people under the age of 21 years. However, the accumulated exposure of some of them to noise is such that, if their recreational patterns remain the same, they are at risk of some noise-induced hearing loss by their mid-twenties. Further empirical studies are necessary to determine whether these hearing losses will eventuate. PMID- 7121387 TI - Comparative nephrotoxicity of two aminoglycosides: gentamicin and tobramycin. AB - A prospective comparative study was undertaken to assess the relative nephrotoxicity of tobramycin and gentamicin. Patients receiving these drugs in the medical and surgical wards of the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, over a six-week period were included in the study. There was 33 patients treated with gentamicin and 19 treated with tobramycin (mean age, 52.6 years and 42.9 years respectively). Nine patients (27%) treated with gentamicin and two (10%) treated with tobramycin developed abnormally elevated plasma creatinine levels (greater than 110 mumol/L). Of patients with normal plasma creatinine level at the beginning of therapy, no significant change in the plasma level of creatinine was noted in the group treated with tobramycin, whereas those treated with gentamicin showed a significant increase in plasma creatinine level with time. It was concluded that tobramycin was significantly less nephrotoxic than gentamicin when used in typical clinical setting. With both drugs, monitoring of renal function is essential during therapy, particularly if other drugs excreted by the kidney are administered. PMID- 7121389 TI - Dialogue on nuclear disarmament. PMID- 7121388 TI - Treatment of epilepsy. Monotherapy versus polytherapy. PMID- 7121390 TI - [Systematic testing of drug effects using newly developed test kits]. PMID- 7121391 TI - [Testing of the photometer 4010]. PMID- 7121392 TI - [Chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 7121393 TI - [Disorders of blood components--caused by drugs]. PMID- 7121394 TI - [Vitamin B12 deficiency: neurologic and psychiatric diseases]. PMID- 7121395 TI - The Cambridge diet. PMID- 7121396 TI - Ortho-Novum 10/11--a new "bi-phasic" oral contraceptive. PMID- 7121397 TI - Immune responses to chlamydial antigens in humans. AB - Antibody titer, lymphocyte stimulation and leukocyte migration inhibition with chlamydial antigens were determined repeatedly over many months on human subjects. The volunteers were retrospectively placed into four groups on the basis of clinical, laboratory and epidemiologic criteria. Group A consisted of persons with proven or probable chlamydial infection, including an illness confirmed by chlamydial isolation or seroconversion, or a clinically compatible illness with positive serologic results. Group B were sexual partners or close contacts of group A individuals. Group C were laboratory workers with prolonged exposure to viable chlamydiae or their antigens. Group D included persons of comparable age as those in groups A and B, but lacking a history of symptomatic chlamydial infection or of contact with chlamydiae. Individual cases illustrated the rise of antibody and some cell mediated immunity reactions (CMI) with active chlamydial infection. By contrast, laboratory exposure resulted in elevation of CMI but not of antibody. Statistical analysis of the results in 46 volunteers tested repeatedly indicated a strong association of specific antibody with lymphocyte stimulation, but not with leukocyte migration inhibition. Regression analysis suggested that the type of exposure markedly influenced the relationship between antibody and lymphocyte stimulation. Measurement of immunotype-specific antibody titer by microimmunofluorescence (or an equally sensitive method) remains the best laboratory indicator of past chlamydial infection. Neither antibody nor CMI can, as yet, be definitely related to resistance to re-infection in humans. PMID- 7121398 TI - Comparative studies on the distribution mode of orthomyxo-virus and paramyxo virus receptor possessing cells in mice and birds. AB - Many experimental studies have shown that orthomyxo- and para-myxoviruses may be pneumotropic, but not enterotropic in mammals. On the other hand, these viruses are both pneumotropic and enterotropic in avian species. We have devised a new method for detecting virus receptor possessing cells (VRPC) in tissue sections. VRPC could be detected in the cells lining the airways of both mice and birds. The mode of distribution of VRPC in mouse digestive system differed remarkedly from that in avian digestive system. VRPC were not found in the epithelium of mouse digestive systems whereas the epithelium of bird digestive system were abundant in VRPC. When the large intestines from mice or duck undergoing laparotomy and inoculated directly into intestine with influenza virus were examined, viral antigen was detected in the epithelial cell of duck colon, but not in mouse intestines. From the study utilizing the new method, it could be concluded that the distribution mode of VRPC is one of the most important factors determining the virus tissue specificity. PMID- 7121399 TI - [Probability of tick-borne encephalitis in the Lesser Khingan and northern Amur River regions]. PMID- 7121400 TI - [Distribution area of Dermacentor marginatus ticks in the USSR]. PMID- 7121401 TI - [Epidemic manifestation of natural foci and the tasks in preventing tick-borne encephalitis in the USSR]. PMID- 7121403 TI - [Algorithms for computing the size of insect cultures]. PMID- 7121402 TI - [Methodological bases for the radioisotope self-labeling of sandflies]. PMID- 7121405 TI - [Experimental transmission of the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis, Leishmania donovani, to golden hamsters by Phlebotomus longiductus, Parr. 1928 and Phlebotomus smirnovi, Perf. 1941 sandflies]. PMID- 7121404 TI - [Mineral dusts as possible pulecidal insecticides]. PMID- 7121406 TI - [Cytogram of the regional hepatic and intestinal lymph nodes of the golden hamster in the acute phase of opisthorchiasis over the space of 24 hours]. PMID- 7121409 TI - [Method of collecting and studying dust for helminth eggs]. PMID- 7121410 TI - [International cooperation of the Martsinovskii Institute of Medical Parasitology and Tropical Medicine of the USSR Ministry of Public Health in parasitology and tropical medicine]. PMID- 7121411 TI - [Tuberculosis in guinea pigs inoculated with material taken from tuberculosis patients or those suspected of having tuberculosis]. PMID- 7121407 TI - [Diphyllobothriid type F plerocercoids (Diphyllobothrium Cobbold 1858) in autumn chum in the Amur River]. PMID- 7121408 TI - [Taeniarhynchiasis in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic]. PMID- 7121414 TI - [Ovarian tumors and pregnancy]. PMID- 7121412 TI - [The incidence of hyperlipoproteinemia in workers involved in the manufacture of naphtha and gas]. PMID- 7121415 TI - [Reference values of calcium ions in serum and urine/d]. PMID- 7121413 TI - [Myxoma of the right atrium]. PMID- 7121416 TI - [Human diploid cells as a substrate for the production of antirabies vaccine for human use]. PMID- 7121417 TI - [The role of biopsy in the appearance of metastases in laryngeal carcinoma]. PMID- 7121418 TI - [Results of the study of the effects of mass therapy of enterobiasis in school children in Subotica and surrounding region]. PMID- 7121420 TI - [Specific desensitization in otorhinolaryngologic practice]. PMID- 7121421 TI - [Infection in neonatal intensive therapy. Personal experience in the past years of activity]. PMID- 7121422 TI - [Behavior of the renin-aldosterone system in a case of pheochromocytoma]. PMID- 7121419 TI - [Methods of control and follow-up of patient's sickleave in a general medicine dispensary in Novi Sad]. PMID- 7121423 TI - [Association between the EEC syndrome and congenital aplasia of the skin with epidermolysis bullosa. First report]. PMID- 7121424 TI - [Risk factors in respiratory pathology in children. Epidemiological study in 2 different socio-environmental situations]. PMID- 7121425 TI - [Incidence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in a general pediatric medical department]. PMID- 7121426 TI - [Clinico-statistical study of 323 cases of minor salmonellosis in children]. PMID- 7121427 TI - [Angioscintigraphic examinations in the study of cerebral vascular diseases in children]. PMID- 7121428 TI - [Indications for endoscopy in pediatrics]. PMID- 7121430 TI - [Sotos' syndrome. Presentation of a clinical case]. PMID- 7121429 TI - [A case of Aicardi's syndrome]. PMID- 7121432 TI - [Hypertension, convulsive crises and coma in patients with thalassemia major following multiple blood transfusions]. PMID- 7121431 TI - [The probable anorexigenic effect of naloxone in the Prader-Labhart-Willi syndrome]. PMID- 7121434 TI - [Biohumoral data and heart function in beta-thalassemia]. PMID- 7121433 TI - [Surgical treatment of choanal atresia. Our experience with 20 cases]. PMID- 7121435 TI - [Sideropenic anemia in long-term hospital patients in the neurology department]. PMID- 7121436 TI - [Child labor in a town in Brindisi]. PMID- 7121437 TI - [Long-term follow-up of respiratory function after episodes of bronchiolitis]. PMID- 7121439 TI - [Review of 5 years of experience at the rheumatology outpatient clinic of the Pediatric Department of the Niguarda-Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan]. PMID- 7121438 TI - [Pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum in newborn infants with an idiopathic respiratory syndrome]. PMID- 7121440 TI - [Description of a case of the Conradi-Hunermann syndrome (congenital calcifying dystrophy)]. PMID- 7121441 TI - Role of echocardiography in diagnosis and management of valvular heart disease. PMID- 7121442 TI - The quinidine-digoxin interaction. PMID- 7121443 TI - The circulations in congestive heart failure. PMID- 7121444 TI - Cation-induced conformational change in glucagon. AB - Glucagon can bind to terbium, resulting in a 1000-fold enhancement of terbium fluorescence. This process is critically dependent on pH and apparently requires that the NH2-terminal histidine residue of glucagon be in an unprotonated form. The terbium ion can be displaced by zinc but not readily by calcium. The binding of zinc or terbium to glucagon induces a large conformational change in the peptide resulting in a shift in the fluorescence emission maximum of glucagon from 352 to 339 mm and in a marked increase in the helix content of the peptide. Similar conformational changes occur with this peptide upon self-association or upon binding to lipids. PMID- 7121445 TI - Methylmercury(II)-induced histone perturbations in nuclei isolated from calf thymus. PMID- 7121448 TI - The effect of misonidazole on the cytotoxicity and DNA cross-linking activity of an activated sulfidocyclophosphamide in hypoxic mouse leukemia cells. AB - The effect of misonidazole on the cytotoxicity of 4-S-(propionic acid) sulfidocyclophosphamide (C-2) was assessed by measuring the colony-forming ability of mouse L1210 leukemia cells. C-2 under physiological conditions spontaneously hydrolyzes to 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide. Misonidazole alone at a concentration of 2.5 mM was only slightly toxic to hypoxic L1210 cells and allowed a greater than 90% survival following a 2-hr exposure. Combined treatment of C-2 and 2.5 mM misonidazole resulted in a cell kill that was greater than the additive toxicities of C-2 and misonidazole. The synergistic toxicity of the C-2 and misonidazole (2.5 mM) combination increased with increasing C-2 concentration, and at 0.01 survival the dose-modification ratio of C-2 alone versus the combination was approximately 1.5. Similarly, when the concentration of C-2 was held constant (10 microM) and the concentration of misonidazole varied from 2.5 to 25 mM, a cell kill greater than the additive toxicities of misonidazole and C-2 alone was observed. The kinetic patterns of formation and removal of DNA interstrand cross-links following a 2-hr treatment of 10 microM C 2 or 10 microM C-2 plus 2.5 mM misonidazole were similar. However, with the exception of the 0-hr time point, cells treated with the C-2 plus misonidazole combination showed consistently greater cross-linking of DNA than did cells treated with C-2 alone. The interstrand cross-link ratio closely correlated with the cytotoxic dose-modification ratio of the combination compared with C-2 alone. PMID- 7121446 TI - The remarkable substrate activity for phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase of some conformationally defined phenylethylamines lacking a side-chain hydroxyl group. Conformationally defined adrenergic agents. 6. PMID- 7121447 TI - Molecular association between doxorubicin (adriamycin) and DNA-derived bases, nucleosides, nucleotides, other aromatic compounds, and proteins in aqueous solution. AB - Doxorubicin (adriamycin) forms molecular associations with other aromatic and planar molecules (hetero-association) and with other doxorubicin molecules (self association) in aqueous solution. The ability of doxorubicin to form complexes was demonstrated in a nonbiological system by measuring the doxorubicin partition coefficient. A decreased apparent doxorubicin activity coefficient in the presence of complex formation was also demonstrated in a biological system by measuring the transmembranous doxorubicin transport and the doxorubicin distribution at equilibrium in human red blood cells and their suspending medium. Doxorubicin formed complexes in aqueous solution at 37 degrees (pH 7.3) with (a) DNA-derived bases, nucleosides, and nucleotides; (b) amino acids such as tryptophan; (c) proteins such as human serum albumin and hemoglobin; and (d) a broad range of biologically active compounds such as NAD, propanthelline, caffeine, chloroquine, imipramine, and propranolol. The apparent thermodynamic quantities of the complex formation with adenosine 5'-triphosphate were delta H0, -9.5 kcal . mole-1; delta S0, -19 eu . mole-1; and delta G0 (310 degrees K), -3.6 kcal . mole-1. The binding forces of the molecular associations were probably hydrophobic (short-range force), sometimes supported by electrostatic interaction (long-range force). PMID- 7121449 TI - Stereoselective metabolism of the (+)- and (-)-enantiomers of trans-1,2-dihydroxy 1,2-dihydrochrysene to bay-region 1,2-diol-3,4-epoxide diastereomers by rat liver enzymes. PMID- 7121450 TI - Pulmonary cytochromes P-450 from rabbits treated with 3-methylcholanthrene. PMID- 7121451 TI - Nicotinic cholinergic receptors labeled by [3H]acetylcholine in rat brain. PMID- 7121453 TI - Alcohols and synaptosomal calcium transport. AB - Synaptosomes were isolated from rat and mouse brain and the effects of alcohol addition on calcium uptake were studied in vitro. Ethanol inhibited potassium-, glutamate-, and veratridine-stimulated calcium uptake. The inhibitory effects were obtained with concentrations of ethanol (less than or equal to 100 mM) which did not alter synaptosomal membrane potentials. Elevation of extrasynaptosomal calcium reduced the inhibitory effect of ethanol, resulting in apparently competitive kinetics. The inhibitory potencies of a series of alkanols were correlated with their membrane/buffer partition coefficients, implicating hydrophobic regions of the membrane as the site of alcohol action. However, not all nerve endings were equally sensitive to ethanol. Inhibition of potassium stimulated calcium uptake was greater with synaptosomes prepared from cerebellum and striatum than with preparations from cortex or brain stem. In contrast, veratridine-stimulated calcium uptake (which is dependent upon sodium influx) was inhibited more strongly in cortex than in cerebellum. These results suggest that the calcium channels in cerebellum are more sensitive to ethanol than the calcium channels in cortex, whereas sodium channels in cortex are more sensitive than those in cerebellum. PMID- 7121454 TI - Characterization of hexokinase isoenzyme types I and II in ascites tumor cells by an interaction with mitochondrial membrane. PMID- 7121452 TI - Interactions of quaternary ammonium drugs with acetylcholinesterase and acetylcholine receptor of Torpedo electric organ. PMID- 7121455 TI - Ganglioside-cholera toxin interactions: a binding and lipid monolayer study. AB - On t.l.c. plates 125I-cholera toxin binds to a disialoganglioside tentatively identified as GD1b with about 10 times less capacity then to ganglioside GM1. Binding of labeled toxin to both gangliosides was abolished in presence of excess amounts of unlabeled B subunit. Ganglioside extracts from human or pig intestinal mucosa showed toxin binding to gangliosides GM1 and GD1b. In ganglioside containing lipid monolayers the penetration of the toxin was independent of the ganglioside binding capacity. PMID- 7121457 TI - A simple solubilization method for loosely and tightly chromatin-bound RNA polymerase II from rat liver nuclei. AB - Rat liver chromatin-bound RNA polymerase II could be differentially solubilized into two distinct populations, loosely and tightly bound enzymes, by a simple method. By this method the recovery of the solubilized enzyme from the chromatin fraction could be increased considerably as compared with the procedure of Yu (1). The two chromatin-bound enzymes had different properties: (a) Loosely bound enzyme was easily extractable from chromatin with relatively mild ionic condition (0.5 M NaCl); the tightly bound enzyme had to be solubilized by more drastic conditions such as sonication or nuclease treatment. (b) Loosely bound enzyme could not efficiently transcribe the chromatin template, but the tightly bound enzyme was active toward the same template. The latter enzyme is involved in the tight complex with the RNA synthesis activating factors. (c) Cycloheximide treatment in vivo suggests that the two enzymes have different turn-over rates. Therefore, with this simple solubilization method the functionally different two chromatin-bound RNA polymerase II activities can be estimated. PMID- 7121456 TI - Physicochemical properties of salt-soluble, unsheared chromatin. Molecular weight studies. AB - A chromatin fraction, which can reproducibly be extracted from rat liver nuclei at moderate salt concentration (0.1 M (NH4)2SO4, 0.1 M Tris-HCl, 2 mM MnCl2, pH 7.9), was analyzed with regard to changes of its molecular weight in the range of (NH4)2SO4 concentrations between 0.1 M and 0.4 M. With the transition from 0.1 M to 0.2 M (NH4)2SO4 histone H1 is released and the molecular weight obtained from both sedimentation-viscosity and light scattering is reduced by approximately one half. A spatial expansion of the resulting half-molecules is observed with further increasing salt concentration. On the basis of these results a double fibrillar structure of this chromatin fraction is proposed. PMID- 7121458 TI - [Histone H1 of reptiles, homologous to histone H5 of birds]. AB - Lysine-rich histone H1 of animals from three reptilian orders was studied. Electrophoretically pure H1 histone subfractions were cleaved at residues of tyrosine, methionine, aspartic acid and phenylalanine. The fragments obtained were studied by modified method of incomplete succinylation which permitted to determine the number of lysine residues, the positive charge and molecular length of polypeptides. The structural homology between the fastest reptilia H1 subfraction and avian H5 histone has been shown. PMID- 7121459 TI - [Theoretical conformational analysis of noncovalent complexes of purine nucleotides with ribonuclease]. AB - Semiempirical potential energy calculations have been carried out to locate possible binding sites for purine nucleoside phosphates at the RNase S active center. The nucleobase of adenosine or 8-oxoadenosine was shown to be accommodated at the pyrimidine binding site of the enzyme provided the nucleoside must be "syn". The mutual orientation of 8-oxoadenosine carbonyl group and NH group of Thr-45 suggests a formation of a corresponding hydrogen bond in the enzyme--nucleotide complex. The formation of the hydrogen bond was postulated earlier to be essential for specific recognition of the substrate by RNase. The results obtained are in good agreement with the postulate. The "leaving group" binding site at the RNase S active center was found to be nonspecific toward conformation (syn-anti) of purine nucleotides studied. In addition, optimal conformation of dinucleosidemonophosphate bound to the enzyme active site was estimated for Pyr-P-Pur substrates. PMID- 7121460 TI - [Role of non-histone proteins in the transformations and genetic functioning of the chromosome]. AB - The functional relationship between the transformations of chromosome structure and parallel changes of its major components, i. e. DNA, histones and non-histone proteins (NHP) has been analysed. These changes of chromosome have been checked in the early development, in the highly differentiated undividing cells, in the mitotic and meiotic cells, till the gamete formation. The analysis performed enable us to propose that chromosomal non-histone proteins play the main role in the transformation of chromosome structure, decreasing its genetic activity. NHPs aged without renewal in the undivided nuclei and chromosomes. These proteins take part in the formation of synaptonemal complex (SC) in the early meiotic prophase during chromosome pairing; SC is subsequently eliminated in the diplotene. Thus mature sperms and eggs are characterized by NHP deficiency. NHPs are synthesized de novo in the chromosomes after fertilization providing genetic function of the chromosomes in the development and differentiation of cell systems in new generation of organisms. PMID- 7121461 TI - [Synthesis of adenovirus SA7 and Ad5 DNA in extracts from the nuclei of green monkey kidney cells]. AB - A soluble extract from the nuclei of green monkey kidney cells, infected with adenovirus SA7, carries out replication of SA7 DNA. It was observed, that in vitro DNA synthesis, which is dependent on the exogenously added viral DNA protein complex as its optimal template, proceeds by a semiconservative mechanism. The data obtained are compared with literary data on soluble enzyme systems from adenovirus-infected cells. The early factors provided by SA7 also supported replication of the DNA-protein complex, prepared from human adenovirus type 5, in nuclear extracts of monkey cells. PMID- 7121462 TI - [Molecular variants of histone H5 of linnet (Acanthis flammea)]. AB - Five electrophoretic variants of H5 histone were detected in the population of linnet (Acanthis flammea). Using the method of incomplete succinilation the number of lysine residues, electrophoretic positive charge and molecular length were determined for some variants of H5 histone and for their fragments, obtained after treatment with n-bromosuccinimide and chymotrypsin. The difference in structure of H5 variants was found to be connected with the region, confined by the phenylalanine residue and the C-end of the molecule. The minimal difference in molecular length of fragments carrying the variable region was found to be 6 amino acids, two of them are basic. A series of "regular" fragments was detected after mild treatment with trypsin. The number of these fragments increased in parallel with the increase of histone length. In accordance with the scheme proposed, the difference in structure of linnet H5 variants is caused by insertion of the regular region consisting of tandem repeats (from 3 to 7 times) of the elementary hexapeptide. PMID- 7121463 TI - [Super-secondary structure of beta-proteins]. AB - A structural unit common for all the known beta-proteins as well as for some others is considered in the paper. The simplest variant of this unit consists of four consecutive beta-strands denoted as a, b, c and d. Three of the strands, a, b and d, form an antiparallel beta-sheet, and the fourth, c, lies in the other layer of a layered protein sandwich structure. The strands, b and d, are parallel in the beta-sheet and together with the c-strand fold into a right-handed bcd superhelix which is analogous to the superhelix formed by beta alpha beta regions. An a-strand is found between the strands b and d and antiparallel to them. Such locally ordered regions of proteins are described here as abcd-units. In all the known proteins the abcd-unit was found to be always at the edge of a protein bilayer. The remaining strands of a molecule or a domain are always located on the same side of the abcd-unit where the d-strand lies. It is shown that the packing of beta-strands in the beta-proteins depends on the packing of the other strands. The structural approach suggested here allows the packing of beta-strands in three-dimensions to be obtained if the abcd-unit is taken as the embryo of folding. PMID- 7121464 TI - [Investigation of the effects of dehydration on bacterial rhodopsin by laser resonance Raman spectroscopy]. AB - Using laser resonance Raman spectroscopy the influence of water on the structure of the chromophore centre in bacteriorhodopsin from Halobacterium halobium has been studied. The absorption band has been found to shift from 568 nm to 506 nm due to local protein changes in the chromophore centre near Schiff base bounding retinal with the lysine residue. These changes are not accompanied by the Schiff base deprotonation. Dehydration decreases essentially the reaction rate of the cis in equilibrium trans isomerization processes. In the dry state the potential barriers of the cis in equilibrium trans transition reaction turns out to be higher than that of the reverse reaction. As a result the equilibrium shifts to the cis-retinal form. Comparison of the Raman spectra of the M412 intermediate in wet and dry states of purple membranes leads to the conclusion that in water suspensions of purple membranes the chromophore state of the M412 intermediate is closer to cis- than to trans-retinal. PMID- 7121465 TI - [Spectroscopic evidence of the interaction of the dye pyronine G with polynucleotides]. AB - The interaction of pyronine G with mono- (AMP) and polynucleotides, i. e. poly(A) and poly(U), was studied at different pH values and temperatures, both in the visible and near UV ranges. It was found that pyronine G interacts only with purine type polynucleotides at neutral and alkaline pH. This was confirmed by the appearance of a new dye absorption band in the visible range and the existence of a hypochromic effect in the UV. The spectroscopical evidence for the formation of pyronine G--AMP or poly(U) complex has not been found at any conditions. With these results in view, possible binding mechanism of pyronine G to polynucleotides are discussed. PMID- 7121466 TI - Amino acid sequence of the CH2 domain from various lagomorph IgGs. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of a CNBr fragment (C3) corresponding to the CH2 domain of hare IgG was determined. The results when compared to analogous sequences for the domestic rabbit reveal extensive homology as expected. Similar comparisons were made for sequences of tryptic peptides isolated from the same region of the Fc from several other hares, the cottontail rabbit and pika. PMID- 7121468 TI - Biotinylation of human C3. AB - Purified human C3 was biotinylated using the biotinyl-N-hydroxysuccinimide imidoester (BNHS). Depending on the input of BNHS, from three to six molecules of biotin were incorporated per C3 molecule. The biotinyl-C3 retained over 90% of its specific hemolytic activity and when bound to sheep erythrocytes maintained its ability to adhere to human C3b receptors. These functions could be blocked by avidin. The biotinyl-C3 was fragmented normally to C3c and C3d in human serum and adsorption with avidin-Sepharose indicated that biotin moities were present in both fragments. Fluorescein-conjugated avidin reacted well with cell-bound biotinyl-C3b and was useful for quantitating C3 fixation by flow cytometry. Ferritin-conjugated avidin was used as a marker to characterize the distribution of biotinyl-C3b on erythrocytes by electron microscopy. These results suggest that biotinyl-C3 and avidin derivatives may be very useful tools for studies of many of the biological functions of C3. PMID- 7121467 TI - Chemical nature of mouse antibodies homologous to the 3-pyridylazo group: the fine specificities of hybridoma and serum antibodies. AB - Rabbit antibodies which bind aromatic annular nitrogen-containing haptens exhibit a specificity wherein such nitrogens are distinguished from the closely related aromatic CH group. The mouse hybridoma system was used to extend this work producing hybridoma antibodies homologous to the 3-pyridylazo group. Fine specificity mapping by double antibody radioimmunoassay revealed differences among the individual hybridomas, as well as a greater resemblance of mouse serum antibodies to rabbit serum antibodies than to hybridoma antibodies. Quantitative structure-activity relationships applying the parameters of hapten molar refractivity had hydrophobicity were used to help elucidate the types of intermolecular forces involved in the interaction of pyridine derivatives with the antibodies. The results are consistent with the interpretation that pyridine binding to antibody does not involve desolvation. PMID- 7121469 TI - Specificity and idiotypic analysis of monoclonal antibodies directed against the MOPC460 idiotype. AB - Eight syngeneic anti-idiotypic hybridomas (IDMs) have been obtained against the BALB/c myeloma protein MOPC460 which displays anti-TNP activity. The study of their anti-idiotype specificity allowed us to distinguish them into two groups which define the presence of at least two idiotypic determinants or idiotopes in the MOPC460 idiotype. The biochemical analysis of the monoclonal antibodies is consistent with this dichotomy. This analysis, in fact, showed a striking correlation between anti-idiotypic specificity and biochemical characteristics of the monoclonal antibodies. Consequently, the idiotypic specificities of three of these hybridomas were studied. In accordance with what is expected, our results clearly indicate a strong idiotypic similarity for hybridomas belonging to the same group and a lack of idiotypic cross-reactivity. PMID- 7121470 TI - Calorimetric study of the binding reaction of concanavalin A with immunoglublins. AB - The thermal effects associated with the binding reaction of concanavalin A and immunoglobulins have been measured by calorimetry. IgG solutions do not generate heat on mixing with concanavalin A, confirming the low reactivity of IgG for the lectin molecule. IgM solutions, on the other hand, show a substantial enthalpic contribution of delta H = -24 +/- 1kJ/site for the binding reaction between the polysaccharide chains of human IgM macroglobulin and concanavalin. A stoichiometry is 10 monovalent concanavalin A molecules per intact macroglobulin and two bivalent concanavalin A molecules per two sites on the heavy chain of the reduced macroglobulin subunit. PMID- 7121471 TI - Estimation of the secondary structure of protein A from S. aureus by CD spectroscopy. AB - The secondary structure of protein A(SpA) was estimated to 31% alpha-helix, 13% beta-structure and 56% random coil by CD-spectroscopy, which is close to the sum of the secondary structures of the SpA fragments. This supports that the SpA molecule is composed N-terminally of four Fc-binding units each consisting of two antiparallel alpha-helices interconnected by random coil segments and C terminally of an region mainly in random coil. PMID- 7121472 TI - Pathophysiological mechanisms in pyogenic infections: two examples--pleural empyema and acute bacterial meningitis. PMID- 7121473 TI - An update on Legionnaires' disease and pneumonias caused by "new" Legionella-like bacteria. PMID- 7121474 TI - The chemotaxis system. PMID- 7121475 TI - Activation of the human neutrophil: the roles of lipid remodeling and intracellular calcium. AB - The stimulus-response coupling sequence of neutrophils has been partially elucidated, and a temporal order for some of the initial events in PMN activation has been established; membrane potential, Ca2+ motivation, Ca2+ influx, cAMP pulse, aggregation, O2- . generation and degranulation. Receptor-ligand interaction is followed by membrane hyperpolarization and the mobilization of Ca2+ from intracellular loci. In common with other secretory cells, neutrophils utilize Ca2+ as a second messenger to mediate cellular responses. For optimal activation, neutrophils require an influx of extracellular Ca2+. However, the mechanism by which Ca2+ enters neutrophils or other cells is not known. In view of our recent findings that phosphatidic acid and oxidized trienoic acids can translocate Ca2+ in lipid bilayers, it should be apparent that a study of phospholipid metabolism (particularly changes in phosphatidyl inositol and phosphatidic acid) in human neutrophil activation together with a temporal analysis of Ca2+ influx will contribute to an understanding of the mechanism of stimulus-secretion coupling. Since arachidonic acid metabolites play an important role in inflammation and have recently been suspected of modulating stimulus secretion coupling, studies of the release of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids are important because all prostaglandins and hydroxy acids are derived from this initial step. Finally, the generation, by neutrophils, of free arachidonic acid and its oxygenation products might serve as a model system for other tissues in addition to their important role in inflammation. PMID- 7121478 TI - Effects of synthetic pyrethroids on mammalian chromosomes. I. Sumicidin. AB - Sumicidin, a fenvalerate type of synthetic pyrethroid, is used as an alternative for classical insecticides. When force-fed in low doses daily over a long period (21 days) to Rattus norvegicus, in vivo, chromosomal aberrations and alterations in the mitotic index were induced. Its cumulative effect in vivo is both dose- and time-dependent and is more drastic on the spindle mechanism, possibly owing to progressive detoxication into more active compounds. PMID- 7121476 TI - Chromosome changes in lymphocytes after occupational exposure to pentachlorophenol (PCP). AB - Chromosome analyses were carried out on peripheral lymphocytes from 22 male workers employed at a pentachlorophenol (PCP) producing factory. As compared with a group of 22 matched controls a small, but significant, increase in the frequency of dicentrics and acentrics was observed. There was no significant increase of sister-chromatid exchange (SCEs) in smoking PCP workers, as compared with smoking controls. Within the control group, smokers had a higher incidence of SCEs than non-smokers. PMID- 7121477 TI - Why O6-alkylguanine is specifically promutagenic? Ab initio molecular orbital consideration. PMID- 7121479 TI - Increase in numbers of 6-thioguanine-resistant human lymphocytes in short-term culture. AB - Lymphocytes from healthy young adults and from adolescent patients with cancer were examined for their ability to incorporate [3H]thymidine in short-term culture in the presence of phytohemagglutinin and 6-thioguanine (6-TG). The numbers of labeled nuclei after 72 h in culture were compared to numbers of labeled nuclei after 30 h in culture. The numbers of labeled nuclei in the presence of 6-TG increased 6-65-fold between 30 and 72 h. The increases in number could be accounted for by 3-6 cycles of cell division. The data suggest that 6-TG resistant peripheral blood lymphocytes are capable of reproduction in short-term culture, but factors other than reproduction may also contribute to increases in numbers of 6-TG-resistant cells. PMID- 7121480 TI - Mutagenicity of 5-diazouracil in V79 Chinese hamster cells. PMID- 7121481 TI - An XAD-2 resin method for efficient extraction of mutagens from fried ground beef. AB - 4 methods of extraction of mutagens from fried ground beef were compared for total mutagen recovery and chromatographic profile of isolated substances. A method which employs Amberlite XAD-2 resin to isolate mutagenic activity from an initial aqueous acid extract of fried beef was found to yield approx. 4 times more activity than other aqueous or organic solvent extraction procedures. Chromatographic profiles of mutagenic extracts isolated by the 4 methods suggest that the XAD-2 resin method does not recover different mutagens, but is primarily a more efficient isolation procedure. The resin method is rapid, inexpensive, simple, and requires approx. half the time of the other methods. PMID- 7121482 TI - Modification of radiation-induced sex-linked recessive lethal mutation frequency by tocopherol. PMID- 7121484 TI - Radiation-induced chromosome non-disjunction in oocytes stimulated by different doses of superovulating hormones. PMID- 7121483 TI - Modification of nucleic acids with muta-carcinogenic heteroaromatic amines in vivo. Identification of modified bases in DNA extracted from rats injected with 3 amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole and 2-amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a3:3',2' d]imidazole. AB - Potent muta-carcinogens isolated from amino-acid pyrolysates, 3-amino-1-methyl-5H pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-2) and 2-amino-1-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3',2' d]imidazole (Glu-P-1), were injected intraperitoneally into Male Wistar rats. DNA and rRNA modified with these muta-carcinogens were then extracted from the livers of the rats, and modified nucleic-acid bases were isolated and analysed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). These modified nucleic-acid bases were identified as 3-(C8-guanyl)amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Gua-Trp-P-2) and 2-(C8-guanyl)amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole (Gua-Glu-P-1) by comparison of their retention times on HPLC and UV spectra with those of authentic compounds. PMID- 7121485 TI - Histocompatibility gene mutation rates, spontaneous and induced by the chemical mutagen procarbazine. AB - The use of histocompatibility mutations in mice for the development of a mutagenicity test has been proposed by several immunologists. The aim of our work was to find a basis for the establishment of the H-test as a mutagenicity test. We therefore determined the spontaneous mutation rates of H-genes in the two inbred mouse strains C3H and C57Bl. Furthermore, we tried to increase the mutation rate by the well-known chemical mutagen procarbazine. The spontaneous mutation rates of H-genes of both strains were identical at about 1.2 x 10(-3). After long-term mutagen treatment with 100 mg procarbazine/kg per week, the mutant frequency increased to about 7% and decreased again when the total dose had reached more than 9 x 100 mg/kg in C57Bl mice and more than 14 x 100 mg/kg in C3H mice. These results are discussed in comparison with procarbazine experiments with other mutagenicity test systems. The feasibility of the H-test for mutagenicity testing remains to be verified by further experiments with other germ-line mutagens. PMID- 7121486 TI - Development of a new biochemical mutation test in mice based upon measurements of enzyme activities. I. Theoretical concepts and basic procedure. AB - A test procedure is described for detecting germ cell mutations which alter activity of enzymes in in vivo mammalian tissues. The objective is to identify those individuals, among a population of F1 animals from treated parents, that are heterozygous for a mutation at an unspecified locus which results in an altered activity of one or more of the enzymes monitored. Animals are evaluated through three analysis screens with emphasis on identification of mutant individuals. In the first screen, activity values of a battery of enzymes are compared to their respective normal ranges to identify those which are aberrant. The mean activities and coefficients of variation useful in defining the normal ranges for 19 enzymes in C57BL/6J Nctr mice are presented along with a set of theoretical normal animal misclassification probabilities for each of these enzymes. The second screen is a Michaelis-Menten kinetic analysis of aberrant enzymes, the goal of which is to correct misclassifications of normal animals made in the first screen. A third screen of aberrant enzyme activities in a subsequent generation is used to demonstrate inheritance and confirm the mutation. The advantages and the limitations, as well as possible variations of the basic procedure are discussed. PMID- 7121487 TI - Development of a new biochemical mutation test in mice based upon measurement of enzyme activities. II. Test results with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). AB - An experiment with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) was conducted to determine the feasibility of detecting chemically induced mutations in mice by quantitative analysis of metabolic characters using the test procedure of Feuers et al. (1982). A test population of 518 F1 mice from matings of untreated C57BL/6J females to C57BL/6J males treated with 0, 100, 175 or 200 mg/kg EMS was evaluated according to a set of multi-level biochemical and genetic screening criteria. The goal of the assay was identification of F1 individuals heterozygous at an unspecified locus for an induced mutant allele which altered the activity of one or more of 19 enzymes in brain and liver tissues of their F2 and F3 progeny, 8 individuals among a population of 345 F1's from the EMS-dosed groups were classified as confirmed mutants having at least 2 of their F2 progeny exhibiting the same enzyme aberrancy and transmitting this aberrancy to the F3 generation. No confirmed mutants were detected in the control population of 173 F1 individuals. These results indicate that this test method can be used to detect chemically induced mutations expressed as quantitative alterations in enzyme activity. PMID- 7121488 TI - Similar dose-related chromosome non-disjunction in young and old female mice after X-irradiation. AB - Radiation-induced chromosome non-disjunction has been investigated in young and old female mice. Chromosome numbers were screened in maternal and paternal pronuclei of 1-cell embryos. To avoid bias due to preparatory artefacts, only the numbers of hyperploid pronuclei were used as measures of chromosome non disjunction. Spontaneous non-disjunction occurred more frequently in oocytes of old females (1.54%) compared to young females (0.19%). After X-irradiation, both young and old females displayed significant linear increases in non-disjunction with absorbed dose. The slopes of the regressions did not differ significantly. Maternal pronuclei of 1-cell embryos recovered from irradiated females occasionally contained chromosome structural aberrations. The numbers of aberrations showed significant linear relationships to absorbed dose in young and old females. No significant difference was present between the numbers of aberrations in young and old females. Analyses of numerical and structural chromosome anomalies have demonstrated, therefore, no increase in sensitivity to radiation to occur with maternal age. PMID- 7121491 TI - Enumeration of thioguanine-resistant lymphocytes using autoradiography. AB - Strauss and Albertini (1979) proposed a method whereby the frequency of thioguanine-resistant lymphocytes could be measured by an autoradiographic technique and suggested that it would provide a measure of in vivo mutation frequency. A number of variables influencing the method were studied and concentration of thioguanine and duration of assay found to be particularly important. The modified method finally arrived at involved culture of PHA stimulated lymphocytes for 64 h in the presence of 40 microgram/ml of thioguanine, lysis of cells with Nonidet and collection of nuclei on Nucleopore membranes. The frequency of TG-resistant cells was 1.5 x 10(-6) - 1.7 x 10(-5) in young adults and it showed an increase with age. The technique was also adapted for use with continuously cultured lymphocytes, by using a concentration of 60 microgram/ml of thioguanine and an incubation time of 72 h. The frequency of TG resistant continuously cultured cells was less than 10(-6) - 2 x 10(-5). Consideration of the effect of different variables on the assay suggested that the above estimates for TG-resistant lymphocytes were more valid than the previously published substantially higher estimates. PMID- 7121490 TI - Expression time for benzo[a]pyrene-induced 6-thioguanine-resistant mutations in V79 Chinese hamster cells. AB - The effect of expression time (the time between the end of the treatment period and the first exposure to selective medium) on the frequency of benzo[a]pyrene (BP)-induced mutations at the HGPRT (hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase 2.4.2.8) locus was examined in the cell-mediated mutation assay in which V79 Chinese hamster cells are the targets and BP activation is mediated by Syrian hamster embryo cells. After the optimal expression time (4-5 days), the mutation frequency induced by exposure to 0.5 microgram BP/ml decreased logarithmically with increasing length of expression time until at 40 days there was a complete absence of mutant cells. The growth rates of three BP-induced 6 thioguanine-resistant clones were examined; each of these clones had a 30% longer lag time before reaching the period of logarithmic growth than the parent V79 cells. This suggests that the decay in mutation frequency with increasing expression time may be due to the slower reinitiation of growth by mutant than non-mutant cells after subcultivation into non-selective medium; this results in a loss of 25-40% of the mutant cells with each subculture. These findings show that optimal expression time in cell-mediated mutation assays may be of short duration and that this must be taken into account in the design and interpretation of such assays. PMID- 7121492 TI - Initial rates of DNA incision in UV-irradiated human cells: differences between normal, xeroderma pigmentosum and tumour cells. AB - Following UV-irradiation and in the presence of inhibitors of DNA synthesis (hydroxyurea and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine) human cells accumulate strand breaks in their DNA--as a result of enzymic incision without subsequent rejoining. We have developed a sensitive procedure which makes stringent use of these inhibitors so as to maximize the frequency of breaks detected after low levels of UV (0.25-10 Jm-2) and to permit analysis of the kinetics of break accumulation over short intervals after irradiation (up to 90 min). Since the rate of accumulation of breaks declines quickly with time of incubation (not simply as a consequence of substrate depletion), we have calculated initial rate constants by extrapolating to zero time for a range of UV doses (i.e. different substrate concentrations). Using these constants as indices of enzymic incision, we have compared a wide range of human cell types, and have (in some cases) been able to estimate the enzymatic parameters KM and Vmax for the incision step. Assessed in this way the human cells tested fall into a number of distinct categories. Fibroblasts from normal embryos and from xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) variant and Bloom's syndrome show high and uniform levels of incision readily distinguishable from XP(A), in turn distinct from XP(D). Tumour-derived cells and SV40-transformed fibroblasts also fall into a group with similar incision capacity, significantly lower than that of normal diploid cells. We discuss possible reasons for this distinction, and evaluate the use of inhibitors in repair studies. PMID- 7121493 TI - Ultraviolet light inactivation of zinc-mediated metallothionein induction in normal and repair-deficient human cells. AB - Synthesis of the low molecular weight, thiol-rich, metal-binding metallothioneins (MTS) is undetectable in normal human (NF) or xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) fibroblasts grown in the absence of excess ZnCl2. Addition of 200 microM ZnCl2 to the growth medium produces an increased MT synthesis rising from the basal rate to a rate at least 50-fold greater than basal rate within 7 h. MT induction kinetics in confluent and in exponentially growing subconfluent monolayers were indistinguishable. Zn2+-mediated MT induction is sensitive to actinomycin D suggesting that the induction process is under transcriptional control. Ultraviolet light irradiation causes a dose-dependent inactivation of Zn2+ mediated MT induction in both NF and XP cells. Post-irradiation incubation of UV irradiated cells using liquid holding techniques leads to reactivation of Zn2+ mediated MT induction in NF cells but not in XP cells. These findings suggest the utility of MT induction produce transcription-terminating lesions, and (b) in evaluating cellular repair capacity for this class of DNA lesions. PMID- 7121489 TI - Relative sensitivity of V79 and V79/79 cells to spontaneous and induced mutation to 6-thioguanine and ouabain resistance. AB - The relative responses of V79 and V79/79 cells to mutation to 6-thioguanine (6TGR) and ouabain resistance (OUAR) have been compared in unmutagenized cells and after exposure to ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS), N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) and ultraviolet light. In the V79/79 cell line, the spontaneous frequency of 6TGR colonies but not of OUAR colonies was enhanced compared to that in V79 cells. This appears to be the result of a reduced growth rate and plating efficiency of V79/79 cells and does not reflect a real difference in spontaneous mutability. V79/79 cells were more sensitive than V79 to the cytotoxic effects of all three mutagens, but induced mutation by UV, EMS and MNU to 6TGR was similar in the two cell lines. The lack of a differential response for induced mutation to 6TGR may reflect: (a) differences in selective stringency of thioguanine in the two cell lines, and (b) the greater susceptibility of V79/79 cells to induced chromosome damage. The relative mutability of the two cell lines to OUAR was dependent on the mutagen used. V79 cells were significantly more mutable than V79/79 cells after MNU exposure, but the two cell lines were similar in sensitivity to EMS induced mutation. After UV-irradiation, however, V79/79 cells were morem utable than V79 cells. The differential response of the two cell lines to MNU suggests that O6-methylguanine is potentially mutagenic in V79 cells but is both potentially lethal and potentially mutagenic in the more sensitive V79/79 cells. The absence of a differential response to EMS-induced mutagenesis suggests that methylated and ethylated bases are repaired differently in Chinese hamster cells. The hypermutability of V79/79 cells by UV-irradiation indicates that thymine dimers are potentially lethal and potentially mutagenic in both cell lines. PMID- 7121494 TI - The effects of bifunctional alkylating agents on DNA synthesis in sensitive and resistant Yoshida cells. AB - The effects of the alkylating agents methylene dimethanesulphonate (MDMS), sulphur mustard (SM) and methyl methanesulphonate (MMS) on DNA synthesis have been investigated in Yoshida sarcoma cell lines sensitive (YS) and resistant (YR) to these agents. Measurement of overall DNA synthesis by [3H]thymidine uptake into DNA indicated that both MDMS and SM, but not MMS, induced a greater depression of DNA synthesis in YS cells than in YR cells. Analysis of the sizes of newly synthesised strands of DNA by pulse labelling and alkaline sucrose gradient sedimentation revealed that MDMS inhibited the initation of new replicons and also reduced the size of new DNA strands. The relative extents of inhibition of replicon initation in MDMS-treated YS and YR cells were similar and reduced by caffeine while YR cells were comparatively less sensitive to the effect of MDMS on the sizes of DNA molecules synthesised. Similarly, YR cells apparently synthesised longer DNA strands following SM treatment compared to YS cells suggesting an association between the size of DNA molecules synthesized and the sensitivity of Yoshida cells to bifunctional alkylating agents. PMID- 7121495 TI - Caffeine-metabolizing capability of primary rat hepatocytes, Chinese hamster V79 cells and normal human fibroblasts in culture. AB - Caffeine is metabolized by primary rat hepatocytes in culture to metabolites similar to those found in rats in vivo, including 6-amino-5-[N-formylmethylamino] 1,3-dimethyluracil, one of the major caffeine metabolites produced in the rat. At a substrate-limiting level of caffeine, the rat hepatocytes metabolized 25-30% of the total added caffeine in 24 h. About 99% of the metabolites was found in the extracellular medium and rinse fractions, suggesting that on a volume basis, caffeine metabolites are in equilibrium inside and outside the cells. No detectable caffeine metabolites were produced in preparations of either Chinese hamster V79 cells, or normal human fibroblasts at caffeine concentrations from 5 microM to 5 mM. These results suggest that the varied biological effects induced by caffeine in Chinese hamster cells cannot be attributed to caffeine metabolites and further that the differential responses of Chinese hamster cells and normal human fibroblasts to caffeine are not due to qualitative or quantitative differences in caffeine metabolism in the two cell lines. PMID- 7121496 TI - Biochemistry and genetics of sensitivity and repair of DNA. Abstracts of papers presented at the meeting of Contractants of the European Community 5-6 October, 1981, University Justus Liebig (Giessen, F.R.G.). PMID- 7121497 TI - Quantification and analysis of reverse mutations at the hgprt locus in Chinese hamster ovary cells. AB - We describe an assay for the quantification of reverse mutations at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (hgprt) locus in Chinese hamster ovary cells utilizing the selective agent L-azaserine (AS). Conditions are defined in terms of optimal AS concentration, cell density, and phenotypic expression time. After treatment, replicate cultures of 10(6) cells are allowed a 48-h phenotypic expression time in 100-mm plates. AS (10 muM) is then added directly to the growing culture and AS-resistant (ASr) cells form visible colonies. This assay is used to quantify ICR-191-, ICR-170-, and N-ethyl-N nitrosourea-induced reversion of independently isolated HGPRT- clones. The ASr phenotype is characterized both physiologically and biochemically. All ASr clones isolated are stably resistant to AS and aminopterin but sensitive to 6 thioguanine. They also have re-expressed HGPRT enzyme. In addition, several revertants are shown to contain altered HGPRT. The data provide further evidence that ICR-191 and ICR-170 cause structural gene mutations in mammalian cells and also suggest that ICR-191, ICR-170, and N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea induce similar types of mutations in Chinese hamster ovary cells. PMID- 7121498 TI - The induction of chromosomal structural changes in male chickens by the alkylating agents: triethylene melamine and ethyl methanesulfonate. PMID- 7121500 TI - Characterization of a UV-resistant mutant of CHO-K1 with normal repair activity. AB - The biological and repair responses of Mut 8-16, an ultraviolet radiation (UV) resistant derivative of CHO-K1, were characterized with respect to UV and to the active chemical carcinogen, benzo[a]pyrene-4,5-oxide. In comparison to the parent, the UV-survival response curve of this mutant showed a significantly larger shoulder but little or no difference in the slope of the exponential survival region. In addition, the mutant cell line demonstrated significantly larger mutation frequencies at high survival UV fluences, but smaller mutation frequencies at high survival equitoxic concentrations of the carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene-4,5-epoxide relative to the parent cell. However, these relative differences in mutation frequencies between parent and mutant appeared to decrease as survival decreased. Despite these observations there were no measurable differences in excision-repair, or in post-replication repair although the mutant appeared to show a nominal reduction (not an enhancement) of replication-repair activity following the UV exposure. These data imply there is another lesion recognition system in CHO cells whose effects on survival and mutation are best observed at low doses of carcinogen and/or radiation but which are masked at higher doses where major repair processes dominate. The dissimilar relationship of cytotoxicity to mutation induction frequency observed in UV and carcinogen treated mutant vs. parent cell lines, imply that the probabilities for lethality and mutation are independent of one another in the presence of otherwise unrepaired (residual) damage. PMID- 7121499 TI - DNA repair ability of cultured cells derived from mouse embryos in comparison with human cells. AB - DNA repair in mouse cells derived from embryos of 3 inbred strains were investigated in comparison with that in human cells. The levels of unscheduled DNA synthesis after UV irradiation appeared to change at different passages, but capacities of host-cell reactivation of UV-irradiated herpes simplex virus were always reduced to the same levels as those in xeroderma pigmentosum cells. This implied that mouse cells are reduced in excision-repair capacities and that the apparently high levels of unscheduled DNA synthesis at certain passages are not quantitatively related to high levels of cell survival. Essentially no differences in DNA repair were noted among 3 strains--BALB/c, C3H/He and C57BL/10. PMID- 7121502 TI - Analysis of results from a collaborative study of the dominant lethal assay. AB - A dominant lethal (DL) mutation is a genetic change that results in the death of the conceptus that inherits it. The assay is normally carried out in mice and the production of DL mutation by the test chemical is characterised by an increase in non-viable embryos. A distinct advantage of the DL assay is that it is an in vivo, mammalian, germ cell assay and is therefore pertinent to the fundamental question of chemical mutagenesis, i.e.: is a chemical likely to produce genetic changes that can be transferred to the offspring? The two principal criticisms of the assay are that the main type of genetic damage it detects is chromosomal breakage that leads to death of the conceptus, and that the assay is considered to be relatively insensitive. The Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPI) Working Party on Mutagenicity was established in 1974. Its principal objective was to consider the problem of mutagenicity and associated matters in relation to the development of new medicines and to make recommendations and proposals for collaborative work if indicated. The dominant lethal assay is one of several tests for mutagenicity chosen for evaluation by collaborative study. The objective of the collaborative study was to gain more information about the validity and dependability of the dominant lethal assay. The present report concerns an analysis of the differences between compounds, laboratories and statistical methods utilising the data from the collaborative study. PMID- 7121503 TI - The use of fertilised mouse eggs in detecting potential clastogens. AB - Male mice were treated with methyl methanesulphonate (MMS) and then serially mated to females in oestrus, over the whole of the spermatogenic cycle. Chromosome preparations were made from fertilised eggs obtained from the matings and cultured overnight in the presence of a mititic inhibitor. No chromosomally abnormal eggs were found in matings using untreated animals but matings involving MMS-treated males produced a variety of abnormalities. The most sensitive stage in the spermatogenic cycle was 8 days after treatment, corresponding to the testicular sperm stage of spermatogenesis. At this sampling time 97% of the eggs analysed were chromosomally abnormal and the aberrations detected were predominantly 'shattered' male chromosomes. The aberration frequency in the post meiotic stages decreased steadily up to day 20. No further structural chromosome aberrations were detected, until day 48, when chromosome fragments were detected in 2 eggs (4%) indicating that pre-meiotic damage can be induced and transmitted. The low background frequency obtained with the procedures used in this study enhances the sensitivity of the system for experimentally assessing the effects of clastogenic agents on male and female germ cells. PMID- 7121505 TI - Mutagen assay with Arabidopsis. A report of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Gene-Tox Program. AB - The small crucifer Arabidopsis is very economical for short-term yet complete assay for chemical mutagens. Thousands of gene loci can be simultaneously monitored for alterations within one culture by screening for segregation among the embryos (M2) developing on the M1 plants. This species is quite sensitive to a wide range of compounds and can activate promutagens to mutagens. There is a very high correlation between mutagenic responses of Arabidopsis and carcinogenicity in animals. PMID- 7121504 TI - Utilization of an established rat hepatoma cell lime for mutation studies. AB - A selected strain of rat hepatoma cells was evaluated for its utility in the assay of mutation. We demonstrate that these cells have practical and theoretical advantages over most other mammalian cells utilized for the mutation assay at the HGPRT locus. Characteristics of the H4IIE cell line which enhance the ability of the HGPRT assay to detect mutation include: intrinsic metabolic capabilities; small cell size, and lack of mobility; colony-forming efficiency of 85-95%; a background mutation level between 0.9 and 3 mutants per 10(5) viable cells; and the ability to proliferate in medium containing 5% fetal bovine serum and 5% horse serum. The optimal expression period for the maximum frequency of mutants was investigated using UVC as the mutagenic agent, and found to plateau after 8 10 days. The metabolic capacity of this cell line was demonstrated using 2 aminoanthracene and cyclophosphamide, two types of mutagens requiring biotransformation for activity. We conclude that the use of the H4/HGPRT system could prove valuable in the mutagenic screening of suspect environmental agents. PMID- 7121501 TI - Detection of triethylenemelamine-induced translocation heterozygotes in CD-1 mice: fertility and cytological methods. AB - A study was conducted to determine the extent to which translocation carriers can be missed in the heritable translocation test. CD-1 male mice were treated with the mutagen triethylenemelamine and bred to untreated females and male progeny were subjected to fertility and cytogenetic analyses. Fertility testing involved mating 1 male to 3 virgin females and subjecting the females to uterine analysis. The males were classified as having normal or reduced fertility according to the number of live implants produced by the females. The cytogenetic analysis involved scoring 25 primary spermatocytes per mouse for translocation multivalents. A total of 103 male progeny were analyzed. Evaluation of fertility and cytogenetic data confirmed the presence of 18 translocation heterozygotes among the male progeny. On the basis of fertility testing, 1 translocation heterozygote was classified as normal (false negative) based on the production of 11 or more live implants by at least 1 mated female. On the basis of cytogenetic analysis of 25 cells per mouse, 1 partially sterile male was classified as normal (false negative); however, analysis of additional cells showed that this mouse was a translocation heterozygote. The study demonstrates the importance of evaluating fertility and cytogenetic criteria to minimize the extent of misclassification in conducting a heritable translocation test. PMID- 7121506 TI - Prevention of skeletal muscle fiber necrosis in hamster dystrophy. AB - Necrosis and widespread central nucleation of skeletal muscle cells, which are the main features of skeletal muscle pathology in genetically dystrophic hamsters (UMX-7.1 strain), were not present in muscles of 45- to 65-day-old animals which had been surgically denervated at 15 to 18 days of age. Necrosis and widespread central nucleation were also absent in hind leg muscles at 30 to 60 days of age after transection of the high thoracic spinal cord at 15 to 18 days. Normal excitation or contraction of the skeletal muscle fibers in early age appears necessary for the microscopic pathological expression of the dystrophic gene in skeletal muscles in the UMX-7.1 strain hamsters. These experiments constitute a rare and clear example of consistent prevention of skeletal muscle cell destruction in vivo in an inherited myopathy. PMID- 7121507 TI - Evidence against a generalized membrane defect in dystrophic mice platelets. AB - The response of the membrane-bound enzyme AChE to changes in temperatures was investigated to test the applicability of the "generalized membrane defect" hypothesis proposed for human myotonic and Duchenne muscular dystrophies to the two forms of muscular dystrophy expressed in mice. For intact platelets from homozygous normal and dystrophic mice of both strains, a break (Tc) occurred in the Arrhenius plot of AChE activity at approximately 22 C. Solubilization of membrane-bound AChE by Triton X-100 produced a nonlinear Arrhenius plot over the temperature range (7.7 C to 37 C) in normal and dystrophic mice of both strains. However, in the presence of phospholipase A2 + C and Triton X-100, a linear Arrhenius plot was produced indicating that the membrane-bound enzyme is normally modulated by a bulk lipid domain as well as by a tightly bound (immobilized) phospholipid domain. The temperature response of platelet AChE from normal and dystrophic mice of both strains was not significantly different. These results showing normal temperature kinetics of AChE do not lend support to the theory of a membrane defect in the platelets of dystrophic mice. PMID- 7121508 TI - Myotonic electromyographic activity in complexus muscles of normal and dystrophic chicks. AB - Myotonic-like, "dive-bomber" discharges were recorded from complexus ("hatching") muscles of both normal and dystrophic chicks at 5 days ex ovo and were recordable from dystrophic, but not from normal, pectoralis major muscles at 28 days ex ovo. The complexus muscle, therefore, provides the opportunity to study in young, normal animals, a form of electrophysiological activity previously considered a sign of neuromuscular abnormality. PMID- 7121509 TI - Spinal stabilization in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: rationale and method. PMID- 7121510 TI - [Glucocorticoids and antimicrobials--combined use for the topical treatment of dermatoses]. PMID- 7121511 TI - [Tinea corporis transmitted by a squirrel]. PMID- 7121512 TI - [Contribution to active and passive immunisation in deep-seated mycoses. Chrysosporium parvum var. crescens as a model]. PMID- 7121513 TI - Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for epidemic a(h1n1) influenza in young men. AB - We studied an outbreak of A(H1N1) influenza in an Israeli military unit of 336 healthy young men to determine the relation of cigarette smoking to the incidence of clinically apparent influenza and to the influenza-antibody response. Of 168 smokers, 68.5 per cent had influenza, as compared with 47.2 per cent of nonsmokers (P less than 0.0001). Influenza was also more severe in the smokers; 50.6 per cent of the smokers lost work days or required bed rest, or both, as compared with 30.1 per cent of the nonsmokers. The proportion of all influenza in smokers that was attributable to smoking was 31.2 per cent (95 per cent confidence intervals, 16.5 to 43.1 per cent). For severe influenza, the attributable risk in the smokers was 40.6 per cent (95 per cent confidence intervals, 21.6 to 54.8 per cent). A quarter of all severe morbidity from influenza in the overall study population was attributable to smoking. Antibody levels to A/USSR/90/77(H1N1) antigen were higher in smokers but not markedly so. We conclude that smoking is a major determinant of morbidity in epidemic influenza and may contribute substantially to incapacitation in outbreaks in populations that smoke heavily. PMID- 7121514 TI - Factors affecting the association of oral contraceptives and ovarian cancer. AB - We investigated the relation between epithelial ovarian cancer and the use of oral contraceptives in a case-control study of 144 white women under the age of 60 who had ovarian cancer and 139 white women under 60 who were selected from the general population. We observed a decreased risk for ovarian cancer associated with the use of oral contraceptives in subjects 40 through 59 years of age at the time of the study. The relative risk, adjusted for parity, was 0.11, with 95 per cent confidence limits of 0.04 to 0.33. In contrast to the findings in older women, a decreased risk for ovarian cancer associated with oral-contraceptive use was not found in women under 40. In this group, the adjusted relative risk associated with any use of oral contraceptives was 1.98, with 95 per cent confidence limits of 0.74 to 5.27. The lowest risk for ovarian cancer associated with the use of oral contraceptives was observed in older parous subjects and in women who had discontinued use more than 10 years previously. PMID- 7121515 TI - Law-medicine notes. Breaking off the physician-patient relationship: another legal hazard. PMID- 7121517 TI - Editorial retrospective: tympanometry. PMID- 7121516 TI - Cigarette smoking and urinary estrogens. PMID- 7121518 TI - Sounding board. Community-oriented primary care: an agenda for the '80s. PMID- 7121519 TI - Methionine biosynthesis and vidarabine therapy. PMID- 7121520 TI - Transdermal scopolamine precipitating narrow-angle glaucoma. PMID- 7121523 TI - Cardiac catheterization before cardiac valve replacement. PMID- 7121524 TI - Paravertebral systolic murmur with septal rupture. PMID- 7121521 TI - Arsenic poisoning. PMID- 7121526 TI - Drug disposition in old age. PMID- 7121522 TI - Human leukocyte interferon and cimetidine for metastatic melanoma. PMID- 7121525 TI - Medical leech revisited. PMID- 7121527 TI - Ventricular defibrillation -- a comparative trial using 175-J and 320-J shocks. AB - We compared the effects of initial electrical shocks using 175 and 320 J (joules) in 249 patients with ventricular fibrillation. Survival was unrelated to the energy level used for defibrillation. Reversion to an organized rhythm occurred in a similar proportion of both treatment groups after one or two shocks. The rhythm identified after the first shock was related to outcome (the survival rate was 42 per cent in patients with supraventricular rhythm, 30 per cent in persistent ventricular fibrillation, 26 per cent in idioventricular rhythm, and 14 per cent in asystole; P less than 0.02). Fibrillation recurred in 68 per cent of patients who had been initially defibrillated to an organized rhythm. Repeated shocks at the higher energy level resulted in a higher incidence of atrioventricular block after defibrillation (24 per cent of patients receiving 320 J and 9 per cent of those receiving shocks of lower energy; P less than 0.005). Patients who survived required fewer shocks than patients who later died in the hospital (2.6 shocks as compared with 3.6; P less than 0.005). We conclude that initial defibrillatory shocks using 175 J are as safe and effective as shocks of nearly twice that energy level. PMID- 7121528 TI - Relation of counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia in type I diabetics. AB - We compared counterregulatory metabolic and hormonal responses in 8 normal controls with responses in 16 Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetics, 7 of whom had had repeated attacks of severe hypoglycemia, in an effort to determine whether these responses are related to the occurrence of hypoglycemia in the latter group. In response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia, peak values for glucose production (5.7 +/- 0.5 vs. 2.5 +/- 0.3 mg per kilogram of body weight per minute) (P less than 0.0001), glucagon (195 +/- 26 vs. 93 +/- 18 pg per milliliter) (P less than 0.0001), and growth hormone (63 +/- 8 vs. 37 +/- 5 ng per milliliter) (P less than 0.006) were significantly higher in the controls than in the diabetics. However, peak values for glucose production, glucagon, epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol, and growth hormone were similar in the diabetics with and without clinical hypoglycemia. Thus, with the present dose and method of insulin administration we were unable to predict the presence of severe hypoglycemic reactions in a group of Type I diabetics. Although deficient counterregulatory hormone responses are important in the pathogenesis of hypoglycemic reactions, we conclude that other factors in the daily lives of such patients also play a major part in determining whether reactions will occur. PMID- 7121529 TI - Current concepts in otolaryngology. Epistaxis. PMID- 7121530 TI - Transplacental cardioversion of fetal supraventricular tachycardia with procainamide. PMID- 7121531 TI - Sounding board the physician and national security. PMID- 7121532 TI - Management of status epilepticus. PMID- 7121533 TI - Antiepileptic drugs and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. PMID- 7121534 TI - Later development of inflammatory bowel disease in the healthy spouse of a patient. PMID- 7121535 TI - Evoked potentials. PMID- 7121537 TI - Does tetracycline deter ticks? PMID- 7121539 TI - Child psychiatry and pediatrics. PMID- 7121536 TI - Treatment of hydroceles by injection of sclerosing agents. PMID- 7121538 TI - Iatrogenous cocaine psychosis. PMID- 7121540 TI - Case 20-1982: myocarditis. PMID- 7121541 TI - Citation of foreign literature in U.S. and U.K. journals. PMID- 7121542 TI - Inhibitions of public health. PMID- 7121543 TI - Institutional review boards and the freedom to take risks. PMID- 7121544 TI - Abnormal left ventricular function in hyperthyroidism: evidence for a possible reversible cardiomyopathy. AB - We assessed the effects of exercise and beta-adrenoceptor blockade on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) measured by radionuclide ventriculography in nine patients with uncomplicated hyperthyroidism. Patients were studied in both the hyperthyroid and euthyroid states. The hyperthyroid state was characterized by a high LVEF at rest but--paradoxically--by a significant fall (P less than 0.01) in LVEF during exercise. At the same workload and at the same heart rate, patients had a restoration of the normal rise in LVEF during exercise when they were euthyroid. The LVEF was greater during exercise (P less than 0.02) when the patients were euthyroid than when they were hyperthyroid. Pretreatment with propranolol caused similar reductions in resting LVEF in the hyperthyroid and euthyroid states; the drug attenuated the rise in LVEF during exercise when the patients were euthyroid, but did not influence the exercise-induced reduction in LVEF in hyperthyroidism. The abnormal left ventricular function observed during exercise in hyperthyroidism suggests a reversible functional cardiomyopathy, independent of beta-adrenoceptor activation, that is presumably a direct effect of an excess in circulating thyroid hormones. PMID- 7121545 TI - Phenytoin-theophylline interaction. PMID- 7121546 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 44-1982. A 38-year-old woman with recurrent epigastric pain unrelieved by cholecystectomy. PMID- 7121547 TI - The heart and hyperthyroidism. PMID- 7121548 TI - Topical acyclovir for genital herpes. PMID- 7121549 TI - Treatment of fetal hydrocephalus. PMID- 7121550 TI - Treatment of inborn errors of urea synthesis. PMID- 7121551 TI - Possible immune origin of pemphigus. PMID- 7121552 TI - Staphylococcal skin lesions and acute glomerulonephritis. PMID- 7121554 TI - Dexamethasone suppression test and response to antidepressants in depressed outpatients. PMID- 7121553 TI - Hydralazine in pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 7121555 TI - Reporting on methods in clinical trials. PMID- 7121556 TI - Family management in schizophrenia. PMID- 7121558 TI - Gastrointestinal inoculation of Sporothrix schenckii in mice. AB - Antibiotic-decontaminated and untreated conventional mice were inoculated intragastrically with 10(7) viable cells of Sporothrix schenckii to compare the incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) colonization. In control mice, S. schenckii was completely eliminated from the GI tract by 12 h post-inoculation. Antibiotic treated mice also failed to become colonized with this fungus, however, higher population levels of Sporothrix cells remained in the GI tract for a longer period of time before being eliminated. The ability of S. schenckii to disseminate from the lumen of the bowel to infect other organs was also tested. Results indicate that the gastrointestinal tract is not a portal of entry into the host for S. schenckii. PMID- 7121559 TI - Conidiogenesis in Petriellidium boydii (Pseudallescheria boydii). A light and electron microscope study. AB - Slide cultures of the type strain of P. boydii Shear, showed percurrent production of conidia by light microscopy over a period of several hours. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to examine the conidiogenesis. The conidiogenous cells developed annular ridges rather than typical annellophoric scars. Evidence that these ridges represented sequential spore production was shown by T.E.M. in the form of a discontinuity of the outer conidiophore wall at the widest point of each ridge. PMID- 7121560 TI - [Paracoccidioidomycosis: apropos of 3 new Uruguayan cases]. AB - Three new Uruguayan paracoccidioidomycosis human cases are presented. Two of them correspond to the disseminated form with metastatic lesions at the oral mucosa; the remaining one, with important pulmonary bilateral lesions corresponds to the pure chronic pulmonary form of the disease which is recognized by the first time in the country. No doubt, these clinical forms will be found much more frequently in the endemic areas of Latin America if serological surveys are developed in the near future. PMID- 7121561 TI - Polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis in sporotrichosis. AB - A lesion of sporotrichosis shows a characteristic arrangement of the infiltrate in three zones: the central suppurative zone composed of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, the tuberculoid zone and the round cell zone. For investigating the pathomechanism of the suppurative zone formation, polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis to sporotrichin was assayed with the agarose plate method. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the patients with sporotrichosis showed an enhanced chemotactic index in comparison with that in the control subjects. However, there was no difference in non-specific chemotaxis to bacteria-derived substance between the patients and the control subjects. PMID- 7121557 TI - Pathogen factors and host factors in murine pulmonary blastomycosis. AB - Factors related to pathogenesis were studied in a murine model of pulmonary fungal infection with strains of Blastomyces dermatitidis. Strain 26199V was greater than or equal to 10(5)-fold more lethal in pulmonary challenge than strain GA-1. This relationship between the two strains also occurred after intraperitoneal challenge. Serial studies with lung cultures and histology of sacrificed animals after pulmonary challenge with similar doses, and challenge studies in mice of differing maturity, indicated GA-1 is impaired in initial replication in situ, although the two strains grow equally well in the presence of murine substrates in vitro. In vitro studies indicated the two strains were indistinguishable in most studies of biochemical and metabolic markers, and in studies with chemical and physical inhibitors. The exceptions were their morphologic appearance in the yeast phase, ability to hydrolyze esculin, and susceptibility to crystal violet dye and bile. The last finding and previous work suggested possible differences in lipid content; these were confirmed in studies which also included two other strains. Greater phospholipid and palmitic acid content were associated with greater virulence. PMID- 7121562 TI - [Arsenic emission and effects on the biosphere]. AB - In the GDR, the arsenic emission in the surroundings of metallurgical plants have been reduced to a minimum, the contamination of the soil being not yet diminished in some cases. In the framework of a comprehensive research program, it was shown that the uptake of arsenic by man via the food chain is possible in the area of activity of an arsenic emitter (due to increased arsenic content in the sedimentary dust), even if the maximum emission concentration of arsenic in the aerosol is considerably lower than the permanent limit value. Apart from local sources of emission (e.g. non-ferrous smelteries and phosphate works), the extended burden on the air by traces of arsenic originating from power station exhalates deserves increasing attention. In regions where industrial plants are concentrated, but also in regions with intensive agriculture and horticulture, it is recommendable to determine regularly the arsenic contents in the air, soil, vegetable feeding stuffs and vegetable foodstuffs. PMID- 7121563 TI - Contribution to the investigation of the corn germ. Part I. Corn germ as a valuable source of protein. PMID- 7121564 TI - Production, characterization and application of protein isolates from shark. Part 3. Characterization of protein isolates. AB - The functional and nutritional characterization of two isolates elaborated through cleaning-extraction processes, as well as that of a third isolate obtained by means of a chemical modification (alkaline heat treatment) from one of the former, was carried out. The first two isolates exhibit in general similar properties, are nutritionally comparable with casein and show a fairly high water absorption, having a potentially great value for instance in bakery and meat products and pastes. The modified isolate is essentially different from the isolate used as raw material in many of the characterized parameters, having a high nitrogen solubility index (NSI) by pH 3.5 and 7.0 and thus offering its possible use in such food systems as soft drinks where a high solubility is desired. PMID- 7121565 TI - Research frontiers in aging and cancer: international symposium for the 1980's. Washington, D.C., September 21-26, 1980. PMID- 7121566 TI - Control of tissue cell movement. AB - The cytoplasm of migrating animal cells appears to be composed of smaller, autonomously moving units (microplasts). Consequently, the mere act of displacement of a cell calls for the existence of communicating the strategy issuing cell centers to guarantee cooperation between the autonomous parts. These centers appear to control cell migration in that they "steer" two sister cells along symmetrical or identical pathways. They lead a cell out of the collision with another at the same angle at which they collided and seem to communicate with control centers of other cells because cells can migrate directionally as groups. They even seem to collect spatial data as demonstrated by cells which followed a guiding line and arrived at the intersection between two such lines. There the cells appeared to probe all optional directions before choosing one. Thus the concept emerges that tissue cells are active data collecting and processing organisms. As a further consequence, the question has to be asked seriously whether aging the cancer, both of which appear to involve behavioral defects of cells, are related to reprogrammed control centers of cell movement. PMID- 7121567 TI - Viral oncogenes: curiosity or paradigm? PMID- 7121570 TI - Aging and cancer as genetic phenomena. AB - Although the most frequently seen forms of cancer and the changes of senescence have in common the fact that they both occur in old age, their mechanisms are thought to be completely different. Because cancer is usually due to avoidable external agents (such as cigarettes, sunlight, peculiarities of diet, and certain particular hazards of the work place), it is considered a preventable disease. Many of the changes of senescence seem to be simply the inevitable corollary of our innate program of development; homo sapiens is designed to become an optimal, maximally viable product in the late teens, at the time of sexual maturity, and the same processes that lead to this optimalization also lead to a diminished fitness in later life. Although we may eventually abolish most sources of cancer, we should not expect to abolish senescence. PMID- 7121568 TI - Viroids as disease agents. AB - Viroids are nucleic acid species of low molecular weight and unique structure that cause several important diseases of cultivated plants. Viroids are the smallest known agents of infectious disease. Unlike viral nucleic acids, viroids are not encapsidated. Despite their small size, viroids replicate autonomously in cells of susceptible plant species. Known viroids are single-stranded, covalently closed, circular, as well as linear, RNA molecules with extensive regions of intramolecular complementarity; they exist in their native state as highly base paired rods. The biological properties of viroids are determined by their primary structures; viroids thus constitute genetic systems of minimal complexity. So far, viroids have been identified only as pathogens of higher plants, but it is likely that certain animal (including human) diseases are caused by similar agents. PMID- 7121569 TI - Crown gall: tumor as a result of oncogenic DNA transfer. AB - It has been well documented that some viruses can cause neoplasmic transformations in animal cells because particular segments of the virus genome integrated in the animal cell DNA alter the differentiated state of these transformed cells. Therefore, the DNA of these viruses is oncogenic. Recent studies on so-called crown gall tumors in plants have shown that oncogenic DNA's need not always be of viral origin. Indeed, it was shown that these plant tumors result from the integration, maintenance, and expression in the plant cell nucleus of a specific DNA segment introduced in the plant cells by some pathogenic bacteria. Thus crown gall neoplastic transformation is a natural example of "genetic engineering" because it was shown that the growth of the tumor-inducing bacteria is stimulated by organic compounds (so-called "opines") excreted by the transformed plant cells. The bacterial DNA transferred to and expressed in the plant cells is directly responsible for the synthesis of the opines and for the tumorous character of the transformed plant cells. The bacterial oncogenic DNA (T-DNA) is a segment of an extrachromosomal element (Ti plasmid) carried by the tumor-inducing bacteria. A complicated set of genes on the Ti-plasmid control the various steps involved in the tumorous transformation and are thus responsible for the transfer of the oncogenic T-DNA. A molecular study of the products of the T-DNA will allow us to have a better understanding of the control of growth and differentiation in eukaryotic cells. Furthermore, the Ti-plasmid can be used as a gene vector and thus allow the transfer of selected genes into plants. PMID- 7121572 TI - Research frontiers in aging and cancer: international symposium for the 1980's. Hearing before the Select Committee on Aging, House of Representatives, September 26, 1980. PMID- 7121571 TI - DNA repair, aging, and cancer. AB - The ability of cells to repair UV damage to DNA is closely associated with a reduction in skin cancer incidence, and the quantitative epidemiological data indicate that proficient repair systems reduce cancer incidence by as much as 10,000-fold. The latter decrease corresponds to an equivalent reduction in UV dose of sevenfold to twentyfold. Older cells may accumulate DNA damage, but this accumulation does not seem to be the result of a deterioration of the repair systems studied to date. Although a correlation has been described between life span and the proficiency of nucleotide excision repair and the association between cellular aging and decreasing repair is much weaker, no definitive data indicate whether these relations are causal ones. PMID- 7121574 TI - Regulation of gene activity: introductory remarks. PMID- 7121576 TI - New UK row on embryo research. PMID- 7121573 TI - Evolution of a complex eukaryotic gene. AB - Our current efforts to understand the evolutionary origin of the ovomucoid gene are reviewed. Sequence analyses have suggested that introns were present in the primordial ovomucoid gene before birds and mammals diverged, about 300 million years ago. Our work suggests that the present ovomucoid gene has evolved from primordial ovomucoid gene by two separate intragenic duplications followed by the addition of a final segment which codes for a secretory signal sequence. The 3 domains of the secreted peptide and also the signal sequence are constructed by an apparent assembly of exons which code for individual peptide segments. The exact position of introns within the ovomucoid gene has been defined and the results support the theory that introns separate gene segments that code for functional domains of proteins and provide insight into the manner by which eukaryotic genes were constructed during the process of evolution. PMID- 7121578 TI - Genomic environment of T. brucei VSG genes: presence of a minichromosome. PMID- 7121577 TI - Transgenic organisms and development. PMID- 7121575 TI - Gene amplification and drug resistance in mammalian cells. AB - Stepwise selection of cultured hamster and mouse cells in progressively increasing concentrations of methotrexate results in highly resistant cells. The resistance results from increased levels of dihydrofolate reductase, the target of methotrexate action in cells. The elevated levels of this enzyme, in turn, results from selective amplification of DNA sequences coding for the enzyme. In some cell lines, the amplified genes are stable when cells are subsequently grown in the absence of methotrexate; these genes are present and localized to a specific region of a chromosome(s). In other cell lines, the amplified genes are unstable and are localized to extrachromosomal elements. These findings are summarized, and mechanisms for the generation of amplified genes are discussed. PMID- 7121579 TI - Stereochemistry of cooperative effects in fish an amphibian haemoglobins. PMID- 7121580 TI - Pseudocholinesterase staining in the primary visual pathway of the macaque monkey. PMID- 7121581 TI - Functional reconnections without new axonal growth in a partially denervated visual relay nucleus. PMID- 7121583 TI - A specific replication origin in the chromosomal rDNA of Lytechinus variegatus. PMID- 7121582 TI - Genomic environment of the expression-linked extra copies of genes for surface antigens of Trypanosoma brucei resembles the end of a chromosome. PMID- 7121584 TI - Suppression of an amber mutation by microinjection of suppressor tRNA in C. elegans. PMID- 7121586 TI - Selective reinnervation of adult mammalian muscle by axons from different segmental levels. PMID- 7121585 TI - Rearrangement of mammalian chromatin structure following excision repair. PMID- 7121589 TI - The future of the test-tube baby. PMID- 7121587 TI - Structural evidence that myosin heads may interact with two sites on F-actin. PMID- 7121588 TI - Structure of a Zn2+-containing D-alanyl-D-alanine-cleaving carboxypeptidase at 2.5 A resolution. PMID- 7121590 TI - Connections between the nervous, haematopoietic and germ-cell systems. PMID- 7121591 TI - Brain catecholamines in schizophrenia -- a good case for noradrenaline. PMID- 7121592 TI - The evolution of enzyme activity. PMID- 7121595 TI - An immunoregulatory molecular complex with five active sites. PMID- 7121596 TI - Induction of immortality is an early event in malignant transformation of mammalian cells by carcinogens. PMID- 7121593 TI - Mechanisms of interpolation in human spatial vision. PMID- 7121594 TI - Crystal structure of a microbial ribonuclease, RNase St. PMID- 7121597 TI - Post-transcriptional control of tubulin biosynthesis during leishmanial differentiation. PMID- 7121598 TI - Identification of a potential control region in bacteriophage T7 late promoters. PMID- 7121599 TI - Reduction in plasma calcium during exercise in man. PMID- 7121600 TI - Promiscuous DNA--chloroplast genes inside plant mitochondria. PMID- 7121601 TI - Visual transduction in retinal rods of the monkey Macaca fascicularis. PMID- 7121602 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to circumsporozoite proteins identify the species of malaria parasite in infected mosquitoes. PMID- 7121603 TI - Murine model for pertussis vaccine encephalopathy: linkage to H-2. PMID- 7121604 TI - Cloned HBV DNA causes hepatitis in chimpanzees. PMID- 7121605 TI - Transforming gene of a human leukaemia cell is unrelated to the expressed tumour virus related gene of the cell. AB - The virally encoded oncogenes (v-onc) of avian and mammalian retroviruses are the recombinant products of normal cellular genes (c-onc) and a retroviral genome. These cellular homologues have been highly conserved during evolution and are found in human DNA. The expression of at least one c-onc under the control of a viral promoter results in transformation of cells in a manner resembling that displayed by the v-onc counterpart; the inappropriate expression of c-onc in the absence of viral influences could likewise result in the malignant state. This proposal would be strongly supported by the presence of c-onc RNAs in a variety of human tumours were they not also demonstrable in normal tissues. The role of these RNAs in the oncogenic process remains unclear. Here we report that RNA homologous to the oncogene (v-abl) of Abelson murine leukaemia virus (A-MLV) is expressed in a unique human leukaemia in a fashion different from that of other human tissues and tumours. In addition, DNA from this tumour transforms NIH-3T3 cells at a high efficiency in a transfection assay. The transfected sequences are not related to the v-abl gene, but the NIH-3T3 transformants manufacture a transforming growth factor which behaves similarly to factors produced by A-MLV transformed NIH-3T3 fibroblasts. PMID- 7121607 TI - Cooperative motion and hydrogen exchange stability in protein beta-sheets. PMID- 7121606 TI - Chromosomal localization of human cellular homologues of two viral oncogenes. PMID- 7121608 TI - Effects of clozapine in a selective muscarinic bioassay and on single cells of the rat hippocampus. AB - Acetylcholine was applied to isolated crayfish hindguts and caused dose-dependent increases in its contractile force. These effects were blocked by muscarinic but not by nicotinic antagonists. Dopamine, noradrenaline, enkephalin or GABA agonists had either no effect or one distinct from the action of acetylcholine. Of a number of antischizophrenic drugs, clozapine had the strongest antimuscarinic action with a pA 2 value of 7.5, followed by thioridazine with a pA 2 value of 6.7. All other drugs of the phenothiazine, butyrophenone or benzamide type were ineffective. From these results, it was concluded that the crayfish hindgut is a very reliable and simple bioassay for muscarinic actions of drugs. Clozapine was also applied by microiontophoresis to cat hippocampal neurons and its effects on carbachol-, acetylcholine- and glutamate-induced excitations was assessed. It displayed an inhibitory action on excitations induced by the cholinergic agents, but did not visibly affect those induced by glutamate. The fact that clozapine had strong antimuscarinic effects on the crayfish hindgut as well as on hippocampal neurons of a mammalian indicates a similarity between the muscarinic receptors in both tissues. PMID- 7121610 TI - Nitroimipramines - synthesis and pharmacological effects of potent long-acting inhibitors of [3H] serotonin uptake and [3H] imipramine binding. AB - A series of nitro derivatives of imipramine have been prepared by nitration of imipramine. Several of the products, especially 2-nitroimipramine (2) and 2,8 dinitro-imipramine (4) were found to be very potent inhibitors of [3H] serotonin uptake and high affinity [3H]imipramine binding in human platelets. In contrast to the parent antidepressant, imipramine, the inhibition of platelet [3H] serotonin uptake and [3H] imipramine binding by the nitro derivatives of imipramine was long-acting and essentially irreversible at low temperatures. These compounds should prove to be valuable tools for subsequent studies on the purification and characterization of the transport protein(s) involved in serotonin uptake and may have novel behavioral and clinical effects. PMID- 7121609 TI - Catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibition by U-0521 increases striatal utilization of levodopa. AB - The effects of U-0521, a catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor, were studied on this enzyme activity and on Dopa metabolism in rat striatum. In vivo maximal inhibition (95%) of COMT activity was obtained at 5 min with enzyme recovery to 64% of basal activity at 120 min. When injected in increasing doses U 0521 (200 mg . kg-1) inhibited, at 10 min, COMT activity by 85% with an IC50 = 80 mg . kg-1. In rats pretreated with U-0521 and then with DOPA the accumulation of 3-O-methyldopa-(OMD) in the plasma was essentially blocked while Dopa, dopamine (DA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) accumulation in the striatum was significantly higher than in DOPA treated controls. U-0521, a potent COMT inhibitor, enhances the availability and utilization of levodopa in the brain and may thus be helpful in future treatment of parkinsonian patients. PMID- 7121611 TI - Morphine- and methadone-tolerant mice differ in cross-tolerance to other opiates. Heterogeneity in opioid mechanisms indicated. AB - Mice were rendered tolerant to morphine or 1-methadone by subcutaneous injections for 4 days. The antinociceptive activities of morphine, codeine, l-methadone and d-propoxyphene were determined in tolerant and control mice using the hot-plate test, and the respective ED50's were calculated by the up-and-down procedure of Dixon. An asymmetry in cross-tolerance patterns was found: While morphine pretreated mice were tolerant to morphine only (with a dose-ratio tolerant: control of 5.2), methadone-pretreated mice were tolerant to all analgesics tested, and more so to morphine 5.2; l-methadone 3.0; codeine 2.7 and d propoxyphene 1.9). The results are discussed in terms of heterogeneity in opioid receptor mechanisms. PMID- 7121612 TI - Analysis of the effects of intravenously injected capsaicin in the rat. AB - 1. I.v. injection of 1 or 3 micrograms capsaicin led to a triphasic blood pressure response in Sprague-Dawley rats but, in contrast to Wistar rats, did not affect heart rate and respiration. The blood pressure response was a sequence of fall (A), return to normal levels or slight rise (B), and fall (C) in blood pressure. The blood pressure response to capsaicin remained unchanged after treatment with adrenoceptor or cholinoceptor antagonists. 2. The initial fall in blood pressure (A) was absent after bilateral vagotomy and in the pithed rat. The delayed fall in blood pressure (C) remained unchanged after vagotomy, but was absent after neonatal capsaicin pretreatment and in the pithed rat. Effect B was not diminished after vagotomy or despinalization: it was augmented in rats treated neonatally with capsaicin. 3. I.a. injection of capsaicin into the hind leg caused a reflex fall in blood pressure which was changed to a reflex rise in rats treated with capsaicin as neonates. 4. The initial and the delayed fall in blood pressure after i.v. injection of capsaicin seems to be reflex responses to stimulation of capsaicin-sensitive small diameter afferent fibres. The intermediate rise in blood pressure appears to result mainly from a direct short vasoconstriction by capsaicin. PMID- 7121613 TI - Studies on the mechanism of methyl-dopa-induced mydriasis in the cat. AB - Alpha-methyl-Dopa (10-100 mg/kg, i.v.) produced a dose-dependent mydriasis in cats anaesthetized with pentobarbital (30 mg/kg, i.p.). The onset was gradual, reaching a maximum plateau in 2-2.5 h. Intracerebroventricular administration of 1 or 3 mg of alpha-methyl Dopa (MD) also produced pupillary dilation with a similar time course. These dosages were without effect when given intravenously. Pretreatment with the alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, yohimbine (0.5 mg/kg i.v.), blocked the pupillary response to MD. The alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist, prazosin (1.0 mg/kg. i.p.), was ineffective. Selective enzymatic blockade with 3 hydroxy-benzyl-hydrazine (NSD-1015; 25 mg/kg, i.p.), a Dopa-decarboxylase enzyme inhibitor, as well as with bis (4-methyl-homopiperazinyl-thiocarbonyl) disulfide (FLA-63; 2.5 mg/kg, i.p.), a dopamine-beta-hydroxylase blocker, prevented the mydriatic effect of MD. These results support the hypothesis that MD produces a clonidine-like, CNS mediated mydriasis in the cat, primarily by action of its metabolite alpha-methyl-noradrenaline acting on alpha 2-adrenoceptors. PMID- 7121614 TI - The effect of physostigmine on the vagally induced muscarinic inhibition of noradrenaline release from the isolated perfused rabbit atria. AB - 1. Presynaptic cholinergic-adrenergic interactions were studied on isolated perfused rabbit atria with the extrinsic right vagus and sympathetic innervation intact. The transmitter stores were labelled with 14C-choline and 3H noradrenaline. The radioactive compounds were separated on columns and determined by scintillation spectrometry. The stimulation-evoked overflow of both transmitters was calcium-dependent and abolished by tetrodotoxin. 2. Methacholine caused a concentration-dependent decrease of atrial tension development and 3H noradrenaline overflow evoked by 3 Hz sympathetic stimulation. Vagus nerve stimulation (1-20 Hz), although nearly abolishing tension development at 20 Hz, decreased evoked 3H-noradrenaline overflow by not more than 18%. 3. Physostigmine decreased atrial cholinesterase activity by 80% and increased the fraction of stimulation-evoked unhydrolyzed 14C-acetylcholine in the persufates from 58 to 86%. However, the inhibition by vagus stimulation (1-10 Hz) of evoked 3H noradrenaline overflow was smaller than in the absence of the drug. This was closely related to a decrease in acetylcholine overflow. Yet for a give fractional rate of acetylcholine release the muscarinic inhibition of noradrenaline overflow still did not exceed that observed in the absence of physostigmine. 4. It is concluded that the vagally induced control of noradrenaline release occurs at discrete sites rather than in a diffuse pattern at multiple terminal axon sites as is the case after exogenous muscarinic agonists. PMID- 7121615 TI - Adrenergic stimulation of isolated rat gastric mucosal cells. Effect on adenylate cyclase and 14C-aminopyrine uptake. AB - Adrenergic stimulation of the adenylate cyclase (AC)-cAMP-system and 14C aminopyrine accumulation, an indirect measure of parietal cell H+-production, was studied in a different preparations of gastric mucosal cells. The beta 2 adrenoceptor agonist hexoprenaline activated AC of crude homogenates from the gastric corpus of mouse, rat, guinea-pig, hog, dog and man. In isolated rat gastric cells (20% parietal cells), treated by low power sonication, 10(-8) to 10(-3) mol/l adrenaline and hexoprenaline activated AC equally potently and efficaciously by maximally 170%. Isoprenaline proved to be less effective activating up to 80%. 5.10(-5) mol/l GMP-PNP augmented basal activity 8.5 times and reduced the maximal efficacy. Adrenaline and hexoprenaline activated AC by maximally 120%, isoprenaline by 40%. The potency of adrenaline was 4 times lower, that of hexoprenaline 2 and that of isoprenaline 4 times higher in the presence of GMP-PNP. Adrenergic stimulation was inhibited by the beta-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol, the effect of alpha-adrenoceptor-blockade by phenoxybenzamine was less pronounced. In fractions with 7-80% of parietal cells, prepared by isopycnic centrifugation with Percoll, adrenaline and hexoprenaline activated AC or hexoprenaline enhanced the cellular levels of cAMP in parietal cell poor and rich fractions. The degree of activation in response to histamine correlated with the number of parietal cells. 14C-Aminopyrine uptake was increasingly stimulated through 10(-8) to 10(-5) mol/l hexoprenaline, maximally by doubling the basal accumulation. 10(-4) mol/l histamine was 8 times more effective. 3.10(-7) mol/l propranolol inhibited the effect of 10(-5) mol/l hexoprenaline by 80%. The data suggest the localization of beta-adrenoceptors (likely beta 2-adrenoceptors) on parietal and other nonidentified gastric cells. At the parietal cell, adrenaline and hexoprenaline initiate activation of AC and hexoprenaline leads to H+-production. The responses are small compared to the effect of histamine. Thus, beta-adrenoceptor agonists exert intrinsic activity in relation to H+-production. Their influence on stimulated secretion of isolated cells remains to be elucidated. PMID- 7121616 TI - The cellular location of catechol-O-methyltransferase in rat liver. AB - Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) activity on the extracellular face of the plasma membrane of isolated rat hepatocytes was assayed, and 4.3% of total COMT activity was located there in cells which satisfied our criteria of viability. However, since 1.2% of the cells' lactate dehydrogenase activity was also apparently extracellular, and this proportion increased to 3.4% under the conditions of the COMT assay the amounts of extracellular COMT may be even less. COMT in rat liver microsomes and plasma membranes represent 2.3% and 0.08% of total rat liver COMT respectively. This implies an insignificant role for plasma membrane COMT although reported altered kinetic behaviour could elevate microsomal COMT to a supporting role in the regulation of catecholamine concentration in the circulation. Since by far the largest fraction of COMT is located intracellularly in the soluble cell fraction, the physiological functions of COMT seem to be dependent on the passage of substrates through the cell membrane for their presentation to the enzyme. PMID- 7121617 TI - Stopped-flow studies on drug-protein binding. Analog-computer analysis of the pH dependent binding kinetics of warfarin and human serum albumin. AB - Binding curves obtained by the stopped-flow method for the association of warfarin and human serum albumin (HSA) at pH 6.0 and 9.0 have been analysed with digital- and analog computers. The first association product (WHSA') at pH 6-9 does not contribute to the observed fluorescence enhancement during warfarin-HSA complex formation. A similar consecutive relaxation process leads to a more stable warfarin-HSA complex, with HSA in the neutral (N)-form (pH 6) and base (B) form (pH 9). This rearrangement can be measured by stopped-flow (k 2 = 31 s-1 at pH 6; K'2 = 63 s-1 at pH 9). At pH 6 a further concentration dependent relaxation process has been observed indicating that the complex of warfarin with the N-form of HSA gets partially converted into its B-form with a half-time for this N leads to B transition in the range of 0.2-0.4 s. A drug such as warfarin can act as effector molecule for conformational changes of the HSA tertiary and quaternary structure during the formation of a high affinity complex. PMID- 7121618 TI - Lack of intestinal transport of [3H]-demethylphalloin: comparative studies with phallotoxins and bile acids on isolated small intestinal cells and ileal brush border membrane vesicles. AB - Several earlier studies suggested that the uptake of phallotoxins by liver cells is a carrier mediated process using a transport system normally handling bile acids (see Frimmer 1982). In this study we have shown whether ileal cells, well known to transport bile acids too, are able to take up phallotoxins. Isolated epithelial cells prepared from guinea pig ileum accumulated [14C]-cholate, whereas [3H]-demethylphalloin ([3H]-DMP) was not taken up. The same observation was made with isolated jejunal cells but the uptake of [14C]-cholate was much slower. [3H]-DMP, however, was partly bound to intestinal cells. This process was not inhibited by cholate, iodipamide, oligomycin and carbonylcyano chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), compounds known to decrease the uptake of phallotoxins into liver cells. Substituting Na+ for choline+ and also Cl- for SCN did not influence the binding of [3H]-DMP. Frozen intestinal cells from the guinea pig bound two time more [3H]-DMP after thawing compared with intact cells. Supplementary uptake experiments on isolated brush border membrane vesicles from rat ileum revealed that phalloidin does not inhibit taurocholate uptake and that taurocholate does not interfere with [3H]-DMP binding. The results suggest that [3H]-demethylphalloin is not recognized by the bile acid carrier of the guinea pig and the rat ileum. It is concluded that the transport system for bile acids present in ileal cell is different from that of liver cells. PMID- 7121620 TI - [The plica syndrome of the knee]. PMID- 7121619 TI - Dose-response relationships in the thermoregulatory effects of capsaicin. AB - The hypothermic effect of capsaicin, the reduced responsiveness towards the hypothermic effect of the drug as well as the impairment of thermoregulation in the warm environment subsequent to the administration of different doses of capsaicin have been studies in rats. The mortality after capsaicin treatment has also been established. 1. Capsaicin given subcutaneously in doses of 1-10 mg/kg induced a dose-dependent fall in body temperature lasting for 2-5 h. A single dose of 10 mg/kg caused the most pronounced hypothermic effect reaching its maximum (3,4 degrees C) after 107 min. After higher doses (20-50 mg/kg) the fall in body temperature was less, being similar to that observed after the administration of 1-2 mg/kg. 2. A decreased sensitivity towards the hypothermic effect of a test dose of 2 mg/kg capsaicin, as well as an impaired tolerance to high ambient temperature have been found in rats 2 weeks after the pretreatment either with a single dose of 20-50 mg/kg or fractionated administration of 50 mg/kg capsaicin. The fractionated administration of a dose of 50 mg/kg capsaicin proved to be beneficial in decreasing mortality without affecting the desensitizing effect of capsaicin pretreatment. 3. After single doses of capsaicin the hypothermic period was followed by a dose-dependent hyperthermia which lasted for at least 2 days. A close correlation between the prolonged hyperthermic action and the desensitizing effect of capsaicin administration has also been established. The possible relationship between the desensitizing and hyperthermia inducing effect of capsaicin is briefly discussed. PMID- 7121621 TI - [Consequences of a fortuitous finding: the asymptomatic carotid bruit]. PMID- 7121622 TI - [Experiences with outpatient deliveries in a general hospital]. PMID- 7121624 TI - [How does a person stay healthy?]. PMID- 7121623 TI - [Hemoglobinopathies and thalassemias]. PMID- 7121626 TI - Transient global amnesia. PMID- 7121625 TI - Transperineal I-125 implant of the prostate: an accurate and less morbid procedure. PMID- 7121627 TI - Ethylene glycol ingestion in a retarded young adult - a case report. PMID- 7121628 TI - Infection control as the focus for a new course for medical students. PMID- 7121629 TI - [Organization of the receptive fields of pulvinar neurons sensitive to motion in the cat]. PMID- 7121631 TI - [Responses of cat visual cortex neurons to local stimulation of the center of the receptive field with varying intensity]. AB - The on-responses of striate cortical neurons in paralyzed cats were examined at dark adaptation by local stimulation of the receptive centre with stimuli of scotopic and mesopic range of intensity. The responses of 16% of the total amount of cells involved included phasic activation (type I). The responses of 68% of cells consisted of phasic and sluggish activation with phasic inhibition between them (type II). The responses of 16% of cells showed only slow inhibition (type III). The thresholds of phasic activation covered the range of 0.7-2200 td and were the same as those for the activation of cat cones. The thresholds of sluggish activation covered the range of 0.02-9 td, and coincided with those for rod inputs. The inhibitory effects were observed as phasic inhibition, breakdown of the monotony of the stimulus-response curve and as slow inhibition in on responses as well. All inhibition effect occurred in mesopic range (0.7-2200 td). PMID- 7121632 TI - [Mechanism of sympathetic efferent regulation of the responses of C-receptors to skin cooling in the cat]. PMID- 7121630 TI - [Participation of a giant neuron of the cerebral ganglion in control of the defensive behavior of Helix lucorum L]. PMID- 7121633 TI - [Analysis of late components of evoked potentials arising in the paramedian lobule of the cerebellum in response to stimulation of nerves and the cerebral cortex]. AB - The field potentials in response to stimulation of the cerebral sensorimotor cortex and of the limb nerves were recorded in the granular layer of the cerebellar paramedian lobule in nonanesthetized cats. The field potentials contained long-latency components, i.e. slow negative waves generated by granule cells. The long-latency component to nerve stimulation was recorded both inside and outside the projection area of the given limb, while the cerebral stimulation with a low intensity (1.8-2.5 thresholds) evoked this component in the given projection area only. The long latency component to cerebral stimulation followed higher rates and was less sensitive to the action of the barbital anaesthesia than the component following the nerve stimulation. Simultaneous cerebral and nerve stimulation evoked the long latency component equal to the sum of the separate components. It is suggested that slow conduction spinal and cerebral inputs form separate mossy fibres - granule cell pathways. PMID- 7121634 TI - [Changes in antidromal discharges in the peripheral nerves in the cat in response to polarization of the spinal cord by a steady current]. AB - The influence of constant current passing through the spinal cord cross-section on the antidromic discharges in afferent nerves caused by intraspinal stimulation of central afferent terminals was studied in experiments on anasthetized cats. The current flowing through the spinal cord in the dorso ventral direction produced an increase or antidromic discharges. The current flowing in the ventro-dorsal direction produced an opposite effect. Facilitation of antidromic discharges evoked by conditioning stimuli decreased with an increase of constant current of both directions. It is suggested that depolarizing shift of the membrane potentials of afferent terminals occurs when the current flows in the dorso-ventral direction. the situation reverses when the direction of current flow becomes opposite. PMID- 7121635 TI - [Responses of cat somatic cortex neurons during an instrumental placing reflex]. AB - Neuronal activity from the areas 3 and 4 of the cortex was studied in cats during conditioned placing reaction. The neurons of the somatic cortex revealed comparatively late responses. The impulse reactions arose 80-100 ms after the conditioning signal but more frequently they were observed 200-450 ms later. In motor cortex the neuronal discharges preceded the movement by 50-550 ms, but in somatosensory cortex they occurred simultaneously or followed the initiation of the movement. Conditioned placing reaction and voluntary placing reaction were realized by the same neuronal mechanisms. The differential signal and the positive conditioning signal after extinction of the placing reaction evoked a short latent impulse reaction lasting 250-350 ms in the same neurons which participated in the placing reaction. Thus, neuronal reaction during the two types of the internal inhibition are excitatory at the beginning. The participation of neurons in the conditioned placing reaction, in its extinction, disinhibition and differentiation is determined by time reorganization of the excitation and is probably related to differentiated changes in the effectiveness of synaptic inputs of the neurons. PMID- 7121636 TI - [Effect of noradrenaline and serotonin on responses of field CA3 neurons of hippocampal slices evoked by electric stimulation of mossy fibers]. AB - Responses of the CA3 neurons to mossy fibre stimulation were investigated in incubated hippocampal slices in vitro under the influence of norepinephrine (NE) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT). Both agents modulated the level of background activity (increased or decreased it), changed its pattern and influenced the responses to stimulation of nonaminergic input, facilitating or suppressing it. The changes in response level and pattern usually correlate with the corresponding changes of background activity. In some cases NE, lowering the frequency of background activity but increasing the proportion of "complex discharges" in it as well as the number of reduced spikes with in a complex discharge, increased the responses to stimulation. 5HT which evoked in some cells a periodic grouped activity, facilitated the occurrence of identical groups in response to stimulation. Unlike NF which evoked relatively short-term changes, 5HT produced prolonged (up to 40 min) augmentation of background activity and facilitation of responses. PMID- 7121637 TI - [Responses of auditory cortex neurons in the cat to electric stimulation of nerve fibers innervating the receptor cells of different parts of the organ of Corti]. PMID- 7121638 TI - [Responses of midbrain neurons to visual stimulation in the skate]. PMID- 7121639 TI - [Axo-somatic contracts on a bursting neuron of Helix pomatia and histochemical demonstration of adenyl cyclase activity in them]. PMID- 7121640 TI - [Problems in therapeutic research in psychiatry]. PMID- 7121641 TI - [Influence of motivating test instructions on reaction time in brain-damaged patients]. PMID- 7121642 TI - [Schizophreniform syndrome with bilateral temporal lobe activity (status psychomotoricus)]. PMID- 7121643 TI - [The aetiology of bilateral symmetrical lesions of the thalamus]. PMID- 7121644 TI - [Cerebral pseudotumour with psychic disturbances and unfavorable prognosis]. PMID- 7121645 TI - [Experiences with acute carbamazepine poisoning]. PMID- 7121646 TI - [The suicide problem and "guidelines for a dignified death"]. PMID- 7121647 TI - The hypereosinophilic syndrome. PMID- 7121648 TI - D-penicillamine-induced polymyositis. PMID- 7121649 TI - Primary tracheo-bronchial melanoma. PMID- 7121650 TI - Primary pachydermoperiostosis. PMID- 7121651 TI - Mortality risk factors in patients treated by chronic hemodialysis. Report of the Diaphane collaborative study. AB - A survival analysis was applied to 1,453 patients treated between 1972 and 1978 in 33 French dialysis centers and prospectively followed up in the computerized Diaphane Dialysis Registry. 198 deaths (overall mortality = OM) were registered, of which 87 (43%) were secondary to cardiovascular complications (cardiovascular mortality = CVM). Risk factors for OM and CVM (p values less than 0.05) were age, male sex, nephroangiosclerosis or diabetic nephropathy as the primary renal disease, elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressure and two weekly dialysis rather then three. In contrast with the results observed for the general population, a high body mass index and elevated cholesterol, triglycerides and uric acid were not found to be associated with significantly increased CVM or OM. On the contrary, low body mass index (less than 20 kg/m2), low cholesterol (less than 4.5 mmol/l) and low mean predialysis blood urea (less than 4.6 mmol/l) were associated with increased OM and CVM, and more especially with high stroke mortality. Results for urea but not for cholesterol remain significant after adjustment for age, sex, weekly dialysis schedule and body mass index. They suggest that, in addition to elevated blood pressure, a poor nutritional state and/or low protein intake may be important factors for explaining the high cardiovascular mortality, particularly for strokes, observed in dialyzed patients. PMID- 7121652 TI - Impaired lactate production by skeletal muscle with anaerobic exercise in patients with chronic renal failure. A possible consequence of defective glycolysis in skeletal muscle. AB - The lactate concentration in antecubital venous blood was determined in 33 patients before and after ischemic forearm exercise. Before exercise, there wa no significant difference in serum lactate level between uremic patients and controls. However, after ischemic exercise the means serum lactate level in uremic patients was significantly lower than that of controls. The results may lead to the conclusion that uremic patients have a markedly reduced ability to form lactate with anaerobic exercise probably due to inhibition of glycolytic enzymes of skeletal muscle. PMID- 7121653 TI - Immunoreactive parathyroid hormone in early and advanced renal failure. AB - Immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) was measured in the serum of 20 patients with early renal failure (ERF) using three assays with different specificity. Half of these patients had elevated iPTH in one or more assays, up to twice the upper limit of normal. In contrast, 36 patients with a creatinine clearance below less than 20 ml/min had an 80% elevated iPTH, up to 5 times the upper limit of normal. The patients with ERF and elevated iPTH had a lower serum calcium but no higher serum phosphate than those with normal iPTH. The differences in iPTH in early and end-stage renal failure can be explained by known differences in metabolism of different PTH forms in uremia. PMID- 7121654 TI - Enhanced calcitonin release in chronic renal failure depending on the absence of severe secondary hyperparathyroidism. AB - In 27 patients with end-stage chronic renal failure an elevated calcitonin (CT) and parathyroid hormone was found. On stimulation with Ca i.v. there were 9 cases in whom delta CT proved to be higher than the maximal response of 50 pg ml-1 in controls. Supranormal CT responses were found predominantly in patients with normal alkaline phosphatase, who as a group increased their CT from 94.5 +/- 61 to 142.0 +/- 94 pg ml-1 (p less than 0.02). In contrast to this, patients with elevated alkaline phosphatase who also had a higher level of parathyroid hormone maintained unchanged CT on Ca stimulation. It is concluded that in chronic renal failure with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism, delta CT on stimulation is normal, while an enhanced delta CT often exists when hyperparathyroidism is of insufficient degree to cause a raised alkaline phosphatase. PMID- 7121655 TI - The nonlinear tissue-binding character of fluoride kinetics in normal and anephric subjects. Graphical analysis of serum fluoride data from man and rabbit. AB - A study has been made of the fluoride kinetics in man, with a series of 5 healthy subjects and 4 patients with renal insufficiency. The fluoride metabolism was found to conform to nonlinear tissue-binding kinetics. Reanalysis of findings on the rabbit reported in the literature yielded equivalent results. The tissue binding constants elicited - probably associated with the fluoride metabolism of bone - presented no differences between healthy subjects and uremics. Uremics had a clearly lower fractional fluoride elimination rate (K) compared with the healthy controls. A significant correlation of creatinine clearance on the K value was noted. PMID- 7121656 TI - A study of the cardiotoxicity of uremic middle molecules on embryonic chick hearts. AB - Ultrafiltrates from uremic patients can induce, in vitro, strong modifications of beating frequency of auricular fragments of the embryonic chick heart. According to concentration, effects increase from tachycardia to cessation of cardiac beats. Complete reversion is always observed after washing with normal medium. Only fraction 7c of middle molecules exhibits this cardiotoxicity, other fractions are without effect, even in high concentration. Uremic middle molecules strongly modify cardiac beats in vitro. PMID- 7121657 TI - Studies on brain density in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. AB - 30 patients on hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis have been investigated by computerized tomographic (CT) scan. To evaluate possible cerebral alterations induced by dialysis, CT examinations were carried out before, immediately after and 6 h after the end of dialysis with an Evaluskop, which provides an objective precise evaluation of even slight variations in brain density. No morphological variations were noted after dialysis, while the brain density fell significantly during and after the treatment. A decrease in density was not observed in normal subjects or in patients on continuous peritoneal dialysis. The changes in the densitometric values of brain tissue suggest that there is a postdialysis gain in cerebral water linked to the intermittent treatment. CT may represent a simple reliable method for studying uremic encephalopathy and investigating the pathogenesis of the dialysis disequilibrium syndrome. PMID- 7121658 TI - A new technique - semicontinuous rapid flow, high volume exchange - for effective peritoneal dialysis in shorter periods. AB - During the period of study, 85 dialysis clearance periods were studied in a total of 42 dialyses. Peritoneal clearance of urea and creatinine were observed at varying flow rates of dialysing fluid ranging from 2 litres/hour to 8.5 litres/hour. Flow rates were adjusted to various speeds with indigineously designed diaphragm pump. The diaphragm pump is cheap and simple and has an electronically controlled timer. A linear correlation was observed between dialysate flow rate and peritoneal clearances. With this semicontinuous rapid flow, high volume exchange peritoneal dialysis technique described in this study, correction of serum potassium disturbance is found to be excellent even in shorter periods. PMID- 7121659 TI - Antirifampicin antibodies in acute rifampicin-associated renal failure. AB - 5 patients with acute renal failure (3 with thrombopenia and hemolysis) induced by the reintroduction of rifampicin are described. No correlation was found between the severity of clinical manifestations and the total dose taken by the patients. In all but 1 patient, antirifampicin antibodies were detected. Antibodies suggested to be of the IgM class were detected in all 3 patients with hematological disorders. The pattern of non-specific acute tubular necrosis found in the 2 biopsied patients, indistinguishable from that of ischemic origin, raised the possibility of a vascular-mediated damage. In 3 patients, the possibility of a triggering immunoallergic mechanism is discussed. PMID- 7121660 TI - Effects of incubation at various 'room' temperatures on the sensitivity and specificity of Microstix-3. AB - The feasibility of room temperature incubation of Microstix-3 specimens to detect urinary tract infection was studied. This procedure, if successful, would allow home monitoring of patients and eliminate the need for an incubator. Four Microstix-3 strips were dipped into each of 1,241 urine specimens and incubated at 18, 22, 27 or 37 degree C. Results after incubation for 24 h at 27 degree C and after 48 h at 22 degree C were comparable to those after incubation for 18-24 h at 37 degree C. However, even after 72 h, incubation at 18 degree C did not produce results comparable to those obtained at 37 degree C. It appears that the incubator can be successfully eliminated at the higher temperatures tested if the limits of time outlined are observed. PMID- 7121662 TI - Bee stings and acute tubular necrosis. PMID- 7121663 TI - Over 50 and uremic equals death. The failure of the British National Health Service to provide adequate dialysis facilities. PMID- 7121661 TI - Massive upper extremity edema with arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis. A complication of previous pacemaker insertion. AB - A 50-year-old patient with chronic renal insufficiency developed massive edema of the left upper extremity following placement of an elective radial artery cephalic vein fistula for future hemodialysis. Subclavian vein thrombosis was diagnosed by radionuclide venography and was undoubtedly caused by prior transvenous pacemaker insertion. Ablation of that fistula relieved the edema. Investigation of the circulation of extremities used for previous pacemaker insertion is advised prior to their employment as vascular access for hemodialysis. PMID- 7121664 TI - Successful home hemodialysis in purportedly unacceptable patients. PMID- 7121666 TI - Glomerulotubular balance and functional compensation in nephrectomized children. PMID- 7121665 TI - Citrate in urine and serum and associated variables in subgroups of urolithiasis. Results from an outpatient stone clinic. AB - Outpatient renal stone formers belonging to the established urolithiasis subgroups and controls were examined with respect to urinary and serum citrate (Cit) and several associated variables. Only in the normocalciuric majority of calcium and in uric acid stone formers was Cit in 24-hour urine decreased, but was normal in 2-hour fasting morning, and in 3-hour postprandial urine following a Cit-free test meal. Serum Cit was elevated in normocalciuria, renal and resorptive hypercalciuria. This Cit constellation was associated with either normal (absorptive, renal hypercalciuria) or low (normocalciuria, uric acid stone formers) parathyroid gland function as assessed by serum parathyroid hormone and nephrogenous urinary cyclic AMP, except in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. In 2-hour morning urine the magnesium/creatinine ratio (normocalciuria) and ammonia excretion (uric acid stone formers) were decreased, while ammonia in 24-hour urine was low in all stone formers. It is suggested that Cit metabolism is altered in renal stone disease in general, and that in normocalciuria, stone inhibitors (Cit; magnesium) may be deficient. PMID- 7121667 TI - Isolation and chromatographic analysis of unidentified fluorescence in biological fluids of patients with chronic renal disease. AB - An unidentified fluorescent substance has recently been shown to increase in serum of patients with chronic renal failure. Further studies were made to gain more information as to its identity and to determine if it is present in other biological fluids. Molecular-exclusion chromatography and thin-layer chromatography provide evidence that the substance is present in dialysis fluids and ultrafiltrates of patients with chronic renal disease as well as in urine of normal individuals. Normal urine levels were 10-fold higher than the levels in serum of patients with chronic renal disease, and these serum levels were 50- to 110-fold higher than the levels in normal serum. The unknown substance is highly water soluble and has an emission maximum of 415 +/- 5 mm and a relative molecular mass of less than 1,000. The described combination of gel chromatography and thin-layer chromatography is suggested as a useful approach for its isolation and subsequent identification. PMID- 7121669 TI - Is the erythropoietin-hematocrit feedback control operative in chronic renal failure? AB - Transfusion studies in 23 chronic uremic patients with low hematocrit (HCT) values showed that (1) the pretransfusional immunodetectable (id) serum erythropoietin (EP) levels were within the normal range for healthy people; (2) the posttransfusional idEP levels remained unchanged; (3) 3 patients with analgesic nephropathy and high pretransfusional bioassayed (bio) EP levels had markedly suppressed posttransfusional bioEP, 6 patients with other kidney diseases had undetectable bioEP levels; (4) the raised pretransfusional reticulocyte (RETI) counts were markedly reduced by transfusions in all patients. We conclude that, in chronic uremic patients with elevated pretransfusional levels of bioEP, the bioEP is positively correlated with the kinetics of RETI and negatively correlated with the HCT. This correlation was not found for idEP. PMID- 7121668 TI - Stereospecific lactate absorption during peritoneal dialysis. AB - Patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis were studied to determine if peritoneal absorption was selective. Dialysis was performed using dialysate exchange schedules similar to those for intermittent peritoneal dialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. The clearance rate from the peritoneal cavity during hourly dialysate exchanges was 6.2 ml/min for D (-)-lactate and 8.7 ml/min for L(+)-lactate (p less than 0.01). L(+)-Lactate disappeared more rapidly from the dialysate during the long-cycle exchanges. Our results suggest that clearance of lactate from the peritoneal cavity is relatively stereospecific and raises the question of selective absorption for other organic anions. PMID- 7121670 TI - Effects of a polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich diet on serum lipids in patients with chronic renal failure. AB - An abnormal level of serum lipids may be one of the major risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). In the present study, the effect of polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich and low carbohydrate diet on serum lipids and HDL-cholesterol was studied in 6 nonnephrotic and nondialyzed patients with CRF on an isocaloric basis. Serum triglycerides decreased significantly from 2.08 +/- 0.93 mmol/l (183 +/- 82 mg/dl) to 1.49 +/- 0.83 mmol/l (131 +/- 73 mg/dl) by consumption of polyunsaturated diet (p less than 0.01). The 'HDL-cholesterol ratio' increased significantly and LCAT decreased on a polyunsaturated diet. In conclusion, the consumption of a polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich diet tends to normalise increased serum triglycerides and lowered 'HDL-cholesterol ratio' in patients with CRF and may be effective for prevention of atherosclerotic vascular sequellae. PMID- 7121671 TI - Experimental model for studies of continuous peritoneal'dialysis in uremic rabbits. AB - In this paper we describe an experimental model designed for studies of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in uremic rabbits. We preferred the study of uremic animals because it is not known whether peritoneal membrane differs between normal and uremic animals. Animals made uremic after bilateral nephrectomy could not survive on dialysis. Instead, partial nephrectomy of one kidney and partial (5/6) destruction of the cortex of the remaining kidney by electrocauterization provided a simple and reproducible model. CAPD resulted in adequate control of uremia but the animals showed significant decreases in total plasma proteins and weight. This model is suitable for studies of the metabolic complications of CAPD. PMID- 7121672 TI - Inhibitory action of urate on rho-aminohippurate secretion by the isolated rat kidney. PMID- 7121673 TI - Brain serotonin and catecholamine turnover in uremic rats. PMID- 7121674 TI - Buckley's syndrome and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. PMID- 7121675 TI - Schistosoma haematobium granuloma of the spinal cord in a Nigerian boy. PMID- 7121677 TI - Gigantic fibroma of the head. PMID- 7121676 TI - Late intracranial infection after tantalum cranioplasty. PMID- 7121678 TI - [Meningeal arteriovenous fistula associated with an intracerebral abscess]. PMID- 7121679 TI - [The importance of a fast intrathecal lumbar infusion test not causing discomfort, for the diagnosis of hydrocephalus male resorptivus and for indication of shunt operation ]. PMID- 7121680 TI - Urgent operative indication originating from tumours in the sellar region. PMID- 7121681 TI - Penetration of chloramphenicol into the cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 7121682 TI - A method for the determination of the length, the critical resection length and the critical gap distance of peripheral nerves from external body dimensions. AB - In 68 human corpses over the age of 20 years, defined external body dimensions and the total lengths of peripheral nerves were measured, taking sex and constitutional type into consideration. The particular body dimension with the closest correlation to the lengths of the most frequently injured nerves of the extremities was determined by correlation computation. Using this external body dimension in regression equations and diagrams, it is possible to determine the average length of the nerves of the extremities with considerable accuracy directly in the patient. When the length of the nerve is known, the absolute value of the critical resection length of 3 per cent and the critical gap distance of 3-7 per cent (depending on the kind of nerve and the level of the separation) can be determined individually. PMID- 7121684 TI - A model for chronic spinal cord compression in cats. AB - An experimental technique of chronic spinal compression combined with chronic implantation of cortical and spinal electrodes for the measurement of evoked potentials in cats is presented. This technique has the advantages of 1) requiring only a relatively simple dorsal access, 2) being applicable to the entire spinal cord, 3) permitting simple external control of compression speed and duration, and 4) allowing unhindered observation of motor behaviour in the unrestricted animal. PMID- 7121683 TI - Cerebral and cranial metastases from breast cancer. PMID- 7121685 TI - [On the lateral localisation of juxtamedullary tumours]. AB - The significance of neurological deficit and radiological findings to the pre operative determination of the relations of extramedullary tumours to the spinal cord was investigated in 37 patients with spinal neurinomas and meningiomas. On the basis of two simple methods a correct prediction of the affected side of the vertebral canal was possible in 92%. Myelographic findings indicated the correct localisation of the tumour in 65%. Among the neurological deficits the motor deficit indicated the correct side most frequently. PMID- 7121686 TI - Long-term follow up of 440 children operated on for primary intracranial tumours. PMID- 7121687 TI - [Four cases of intervertebral disc herniation in children]. PMID- 7121688 TI - [The protein content of CSF in patients with lumbar disc hernias]. PMID- 7121690 TI - Combined tardy palsy of posterior interosseous nerve and ulnar nerve at the elbow. PMID- 7121689 TI - Suprasellar epidermoid. AB - Clinical analyses of six cases of suprasellar epidermoid were made in order to define specific clinical and radiological manifestations and thus improve the preoperative diagnosis. The tumours are seen as avascular suprasellar masses. Pre operative diagnosis of suprasellar epidermoid is not easy and it may be misdiagnosed as a craniopharyngioma. They tend to be much more extensive than craniopharyngiomas. It is necessary to keep in mind the possibility of suprasellar epidermoid in the differential diagnosis of a suprasellar mass. PMID- 7121692 TI - Developmental effects of drug dependence. Satellite meeting of the Committee of Problems of Drug Dependence. PMID- 7121691 TI - Overview: continuing discussion of problems of perinatal drug exposure. PMID- 7121693 TI - An overview: maternal nicotine and caffeine consumption and offspring outcome. AB - Smoking and caffeine ingestion are the most commonly abused physiologically addictive licit drugs [32]. They have similar neurally facilitative properties and individuals monitor their intake so as to maintain a constant level in blood. As is true of other addictive drugs, tolerance to their effects develops over time resulting in increased consumption. This pattern is fairly small with nicotine and caffeine however. THe effects on offspring outcome of smoking and caffeine use and abuse in gravid women and animal models is the subject of this overview. PMID- 7121695 TI - Hormones and psycho-sexual development in young men following chronic heroin use. AB - Sixteen former addicts who began heroin use during early puberty were compared with seventeen current heroin users and ten drug-free control subjects with respect to psycho-sexual development and pituitary gonadal hormone levels. Plasma testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels did not differ between the former addicts and normal control subjects, but were significantly suppressed in the current heroin users. Measures of sexual behavior and physical development did not differ significantly between the three subject groups. Recurrent heroin use during early puberty did not significantly disrupt pubertal development in males. It is postulated that tolerance to opiate induced suppression of pituitary gonadal hormones occurs in pre-pubescent as well as post-pubescent males. PMID- 7121694 TI - Methadone and heroin during pregnancy: a review of behavioral effects in human and animal offspring. AB - Both clinical and animal studies indicate that prenatal exposure to opiate produces effects that occur in two phases. An acute phase consists of a neonatal abstinence syndrome characterized by increased CNS arousal. The major behavior symptoms seen in both humans and animals include hyperactivity, disturbed sleep and increased lability of state. This early phase can be quite prolonged, lasting from 12 weeks hyperactivity, disturbed sleep and increased lability of state. This early phase can be quite prolonged, lasting from 12 weeks to six months in humans and 20-25 days in rats. Although confirming pharmacokinetic studies are needed, it is possible that these persistent symptoms result from the slow clearance of the drug from neonatal tissues. The second phase of the syndrome is less well-understood but the available clinical evidence suggests that exposure to heroin, particularly in a pattern of polydrug abuse, can result in impaired organizational and perceptual abilities, poor self-adjustment and in situations requiring motor inhibition, heightened activity. Studies of pre-school children exposed prenatally to methadone, show no effects on intellectual and cognitive functioning but do reveal heightened activity or energy level, impulsivity, and brief attention span and persistence. A finding of impaired motor inhibition while performing a task has been stressed by one worker as an area of particular vulnerability among these children. A strikingly similar effect, characterized as an impaired ability to modulate task-oriented motor activity, has been described for adult rats prenatally exposed to methadone. PMID- 7121696 TI - Analgesia in young and adult rats perinatally exposed to methadone. AB - The analgesic response to the hot-plate test was studied in 21-, 20-, 34-, 60-, 90-, and 120-day old male and female rats that were maternally exposed to methadone (5 mg/kg) during gestation and/or lactation. At 21, 30, 45, and 60 days of age, both sexes of every methadone-treated group of rats had longer latencies on the hot-plate than control animals. Female rats in the lactation and gestation lactation groups at 90 days, and female rats in the gestation and lactation groups at 120 days, were abnormally slow to respond to the hot-plate. With the exception of a diminished analgesic response for the lactation group, male rats in the methadone-treated groups were comparable to control animals in regard to performance on the hot-plate test. These results suggest that exposure to methadone early in life can have a profound influence on analgesic responsiveness that is present long after cessation of drug exposure and which continues into adulthood. PMID- 7121697 TI - Differential motor and state functioning in newborns of women on methadone. AB - Motor and state functioning of 20 infants born to methadone-maintained women and 25 born to controls was assessed at 1 day and 1 month of age using Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale with Kansas Supplements (NBAS-K). The infants were of mothers who were Black, of low SES, between the ages of 18 and 35 years, and who had good prenatal care. Motor behaviors were scored on NBAS-K items: General Tonus, Motor Maturity, and Tremulousness. State behaviors were scored on 2 items: Alertness and General Irritability. Guttman's Multidimensional Scalogram Analysis (MSA) of individual profiles revealed an orthogonal relationship between motor and state functioning, with motor functioning being a much clearer discriminator between methadone and non-methadone infants than state functioning. With age, both groups generally improved, but non-methadone infants maintained some of their advantage in motor functioning. Both groups showed a variety of behavior patterns during the neonatal period. The results suggest that methadone acts differentially on CNS functioning, with strong effects on neuro motor functioning. PMID- 7121698 TI - Lack of persistent effects of low-dose ethanol administered postnatally in rats. AB - This investigation studied direct effects of a low dose of ethanol (1.2 g/kg) administered intragastrically twice daily in a nutriment (Sustagen, Mead Johnson) vehicle upon growth and specific neuroendocrine and behavioral responses in the rat. Charles Rivers, CD albino rats (12 litters) were randomly assigned to 3 groups: ethanol, Sustagen, or handled; 5 litters served as unhandled controls. On postnatal days 2-9, experimental animals were intragastrically fed ethanol or isocaloric Sustagen twice daily; pups were behaviorally depressed for 1-2 hours during treatment. Body weight changes for all groups, obtained during treatment and intermittently throughout the experiment (day 190), were comparable indicating absence of underfeeding effects. Neither open-field activity levels (days 49-53) nor patterns of activity differentiated among groups. Group plasma corticosterone levels showed comparable rises in response to a challenge dose of ethanol (2.0 g/kg IP) day 116 or 147. Intracranial self-stimulation parameters (day 182) did not differentiate among groups implanted with chronic electrodes. Overall, compared to nutritional and other controls, low doses of ethanol (1.2 g/kg) administered twice daily to rats on postnatal days 2-9 failed to cause persistent changes in the behavioral and neuroendocrine parameters studied. PMID- 7121699 TI - Patterns of 1-day and 4-month motor functioning in infants of women on methadone. AB - Motor functioning of 38 infants, 15 exposed in utero to methadone, was assessed on Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale with Kansas Supplements (NBAS K) (Items: General Tonus, Motor Maturity, Activity, and Tremulousness) at 1 day, and at 4 months on Bayley Infant Behavior Record (IBR) (Items: Tension, Activity, Interest in Body Motion, Gross Coordination, and Fine Coordination). At 4 months, methadone infants generally showed a profile of poorer motor coordination, greater tenseness and interest in body motion, and higher activity level than did non-methadone infants. Guttman's Multidimensional Scalogram Analysis (MSA) of the 5 IBR motor-item profiles showed that a line can be drawn that almost perfectly discriminates the methadone and non-methadone infants by their joint performance on these 5 variables. A scatterplot of each infant's sum scores of the Brazelton versus IBR motor items revealed a significant correlation between 1-day and 4 month motor functioning. Methadone infants showed poorer motor functioning at both ages. This analysis of behavioral continuity again revealed an almost perfect discrimination between the two groups. PMID- 7121700 TI - Methodological note: intragastric intubation of ethanol to rat pups. AB - A method is described for delivering exact amounts of ethanol to rat pups during the preweaning period. It minimizes the confounding effects of undernutrition as indicated by body weight impairment. Rat pups fed intragastrically with relatively low doses of ethanol (0.8, 1.2, or 2.0 g/kg) in a 20% (w/v) nutriment solution (Sustagen, Mead Johnson) maintained body weights at levels comparable to those of same-sex littermate controls fed equal volumes of isocaloric nutriment or untreated. The findings indicate the feasibility of using the intragastric feeding procedure to administer repeatedly an exact quantity of ethanol which does not alter body weight. Thirty minutes after intubation of a challenge dose of ethanol (2.0 g/kg), the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of both ethanol and control groups were comparably elevated. After four hours, only the BAC of the control group had fallen significantly. These results suggest that ethanol induced metabolic effects may occur without alteration of body weight. Higher doses of ethanol (5-7 g/kg) produced body weight impairment and/or death. PMID- 7121701 TI - A methodological model to study the effects of toxins on child development. AB - Human research on the effects of drugs, medications, pollutants, and other toxins on fetal and child development requires longitudinal studies. Such studies must recognize the heterogeneity of populations and individuals, the multiplicity of variables, and the dynamic interactional character of development. This requires the construction of an a priori theoretical model, selection of research tools to fit the model, and the use of appropriate multidimensional data analysis techniques that can identify profiles of variables in individuals and subgroups, and can trace development over time. A model, based upon the facet theory of Louis Guttman, is presented with examples from a study of infant offspring of methadone-maintained women. An introductory explanation of one non-metric multidimensional data analysis technique. Guttman's Multidimensional Scalogram Analysis (MSA), is presented. Examples of its use and its relation to the theoretical model are given in subsequent papers. PMID- 7121702 TI - [Acute reversible renal insufficiency induced by ketoprofen]. PMID- 7121703 TI - [New understanding on the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7121704 TI - [Reversible acute renal failure and nephrotic syndrome induced by fenoprofene ]. AB - A 71-year old man experienced nephrotic syndrome and acute renal failure 13 months after the introduction of fenoprofen calcium, 900 mg/day, as treatment of right hip osteoarthritis. Clinical course and laboratory data were consistent with toxic nephropathy; kidney biopsy showed tubulo-interstitial nephritis with glomerular minimal change lesion. Renal function returned spontaneously to normal, after withdrawal of the drug. The clinical literature on nephrotic syndrome and reversible acute renal failure associated with non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs is reviewed. PMID- 7121706 TI - Accumulation and disappearance of enflurane from rat brain. PMID- 7121705 TI - [The kidney in systemic scleroderma. A report of 38 consecutive cases ]. AB - The renal status of 38 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) has been investigated by the usual clinical tests, urine electrophoresis, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) determinations and in 4 cases by renal biopsy. Fourteen patients presented with proteinuria and/or a high serum creatinine and/or hypertension with low clearance values in all cases. In 14 other patients, an abnormality was apparent from clearance results (12 cases), renal biopsy (1), urine electrophoresis (1). The earliest sign of renal involvement that could be demonstrated was a reduced RPF and an elevated filtration fraction. Subsequently, a glomerular proteinuria with a electrophoretic pattern was observed as either the only sign (9 cases) or in association with abnormal clearance values (8 cases). The incidence of clinical renal involvement (proteinuria, renal failure, hypertension) ranged from 16 to 60%; 2/3 of patients who presented with proteinuria and hypertension died within 3 years. A mucoid thickening of intima and a fibrosis of adventitia in the proximal part of interlobar and arciform arteries, a fibrinoid necrosis in the distal part of lobular and preglomerular arteries are distinctive although inconstant features. The vascular lesions (seen in 70% of cases) and superimposed but reversible vasoconstriction, account for the decreased RPF. An effective control of blood pressure is mandatory; the therapeutic value of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition remains to be corroborated. PMID- 7121707 TI - Lithium: effect on [3H]spiperone binding, ionic content, and amino acid levels in the brain of rats. AB - After prolonged treatment of rats with lithium (pellets, 0.21% lithium carbonate, or 0.5 mg/ml lithium chloride in drinking water) for three months, the level of lithium in plasma was 0.87 meq/liter; in several brain regions, between 1.06-1.39 mueq/g wet weight. The content of sodium and potassium inthe plasma was normal. The level of potassium in the brain regions tested increased by 13-30% and that of sodium by about 10%. Glycine levels increased significantly in all the regions (cerebral cortex, midbrain, cerebellum, and spinal cord). In the cerebellum GABA was also increased, while glutamine was decreased. In midbrain, apart from increases in glycine levels, alanine, valine, GABA and lysine were also increased. In the spinal cord, glutamic acid was also increased. Changes were largely in the putative neurotransmitters. Long-term treatment with lithium also influenced the high-affinity binding of [3H] spiperone in the cerebral cortex and corpus striatum. Two specific binding sites were found in both brain regions; the main change was the reduction in the lower affinity binding site (B max 2). PMID- 7121708 TI - Turnover and release of GABA in rat cortical slices: effect of a GABA-T inhibitor, gabaculine. AB - The turnover and release of endogenous and labeled GABA were followed in rat cortical slices after incubation with [3H]GABA. High performance liquid chromatography was used to measure endogenous GABA and to separate [3H]GABA from its metabolites. During superfusion with 3 mM K+ the slices rapidly lost their [3H]GABA content while maintaining constant GABA levels. Exposure to 50 mM K+ for 25 min caused an initial rapid rise in the release of both endogenous and [3H]GABA followed by a more rapid decline in the release of the latter. The specific activity of released GABA was two to four times higher than that in the slices. Depolarization lead to a net synthesis of GABA. The GABA -T inhibitor, gabaculine, (5 micrometers) in vitro arrested the metabolism of [3H]GABA and rapidly doubled the GABA content but did not significantly increase the high K+ evoked release of endogenous GABA. In vivo pretreatment with 0.5 mM/kg gabaculine quadrupled GABA content and increased both the spontaneous and evoked release of endogenous GABA but while its Ca2+ -dependent release increased by 50%, the Ca2+ independent release was enhanced sevenfold. This large Ca2+ -independent release of GABA is likely to have different functional significance from the normal Ca2+ dependent release. PMID- 7121709 TI - The regional distribution of manganese in the normal human brain. AB - The concentration of manganese per gram dry tissue weight was determined in samples from 39 areas of 8 normal human brains. Manganese was shown to be unevenly distributed with the largest concentrations in the pineal gland and the olfactory bulb. The gray matter yielded a higher content of manganese than the white matter. Significant differences between individuals were found for identical areas of the gray and white matter of the cerebral cortex. Higher levels of manganese were demonstrated in the tail of the caudate nucleus than in the body and the head of the same structure. No significant correlation was shown between the amount of manganese in brain and age. PMID- 7121710 TI - An ion exchange chromatographic method for the determination of synaptosomal calcium uptake. AB - A simple, rapid method for determining depolarization-induced 45Ca influx into synaptosomes is described. Synaptosomes which had been depolarized in the presence of 45Ca were applied to a small column of Chelex-100 resin to separate free Ca2+ from that taken up by the tissue. Approximately 70% of the synaptosomal protein applied to the column was recovered in the initial eluate. The magnitude of 45Ca uptake was dependent on the amount of Ca2+ in the incubation medium and on the KCI concentration. Calcium influx reached a plateau after 90 sec of incubation at 24 degrees C. The Na+ channel activator veratridine also produced a substantial influx of 45Ca, and this effect was blocked by tetrodotoxin. Thus, this ion exchange procedure makes it possible to measure depolarization-induced Ca2+ influx in synaptosomes without subjecting them to high vacuum or centrifugation pressures or to EGTA-containing solutions. PMID- 7121712 TI - Ontogeny and distribution of specific succinic semialdehyde reductase apoenzyme in the rat brain. AB - The ontogeny and distribution in rat brain of specific succinic semialdehyde reductase is described. This enzyme is probably responsible for the synthesis of gamma-hydroxybutyrate in brain. The highest activities and levels of apoenzyme are found in cerebellum, olfactory bulb, septum and median hypothalamus. During neonatal development, the enzyme activity remains stable at least until 63 days of age. As the levels of other enzymes of the GABA shunt pathway increase during this same period, this result indicates that there is a relative decrease in the reductive pathway of succinic semialdehyde catabolism during development leading to gamma-hydroxybutyrate synthesis, compared to the oxidative pathway leading to succinate. PMID- 7121711 TI - Developmental changes in chromatin organization in rat cerebral hemisphere neurons and analysis of DNA reassociation kinetics. AB - Previous reports have demonstrated that neuronal nuclei of rabbit, mouse and rat cerebral hemispheres exhibit a short DNA repeat length of 160 bp compared to the more typical repeat size of 200 bp found in glial nuclei and other cell types of higher eukaryotes. In this study we report that the conversion of chromatin to a short DNA repeat length in rat cerebral hemisphere neurons is a gradual process which begins between the first and second day after birth and is complete by 8 days. In these neurons, histone H1 appears to be less accessible to degradation by trypsin in the newborn rat brain compared to the 8 day old rat. This suggests that the developmental shift to a short DNA repeat length may be accompanied by a dispersal or decondensation of neuronal chromatin which results in an increased accessibility of neuronal histone H1 to degradation by trypsin. The increase in nuclear DNA content to 3.5C which has been reported in rat cortical neurons during early postnatal development does not appear to be associated with a selective amplification of a subset of DNA sequences as determined by DNA reassociation kinetics. PMID- 7121713 TI - A quantitative autoradiographic method for the measurement of local rates of brain protein synthesis. AB - We have developed a new method for measuring local rates of brain protein synthesis in vivo. It combines the intraperitoneal injection of a large dose of low specific activity amino acid with quantitative autoradiography. This method has several advantages: 1) It is ideally suited for young or small animals or where immobilizing an animal is undesirable. 2 The amino acid injection "floods" amino acid pools so that errors in estimating precursor specific activity, which is especially important in pathological conditions, are minimized. 3) The method provides for the use of a radioautographic internal standard in which valine incorporation is measured directly. Internal standards from experimental animals correct for tissue protein content and self-absorption of radiation in tissue sections which could vary under experimental conditions. PMID- 7121714 TI - Measurement of release of endogenous GABA and catabolites of [3H]GABA from synaptosomal preparations using ion-exchange chromatography. AB - Picomole quantities of endogenous GABA in acidified superfusates of synaptosomal preparations have been measured using micro-bore ion-exchange chromatography and post-column formation of the fluorescent iso-indole derivative. Using this technique superfusates have been analyzed directly, without further manipulations, to investigate the release of endogenous GABA. Spontaneous release of GABA was 2-5 pmol/200 microliters superfusate increasing to 20 pmol/200 microliters with potassium stimulation. When gamma-vinyl GABA (RMI 71754), an inhibitor of GABA-T was injected into rats (750 mg/kg) and synaptosomes prepared the potassium-evoked release of GABA was increased 3-fold compared to controls. Chromatographic separations and measurement of release of endogenous and radiolabeled GABA allowed the real specific activity of released GABA to be calculated. Only when 500 microM amino-oxyacetic acid was added during isolation of synaptosomes was the specific activity of released GABA the same as the initial specific activity. PMID- 7121715 TI - Potassium modulation of methionine uptake in astrocytes in vitro. AB - Methionine participates in a large variety of metabolic pathways in brain, and its transport may play an important regulatory role. The properties of methionine uptake were examined in a preparation of neonatal rat brain astrocytes. Uptake is linear for 15 minutes, up to 2.5 microM. At steady state conditions, methionine is concentrated 30-50-fold. Measured methionine homoexchange accounts for a significant fraction of uptake at concentrations greater than 10 microM. We recently reported that methionine uptake is decreased by elevations in extracellular K+. Potassium induced efflux cannot account for this apparent effect; and thus for concentrations less than 2.5 microM, and for short times of incubation, measured rates of methionine uptake represent unidirectional flux. At extracellular concentrations of K+ equal to 6.9 mM, the apparent Vmax of methionine transport is 182 pmol/min/mg protein, and the Km is 1.3 microM. Where K+ is shifted to 11.9 mM, the Km remains unchanged, and the Vmax is reduced by half. PMID- 7121717 TI - Ketone-body utilization by homogenates of adult rat brain. AB - The regulation of ketone-body metabolism and the quantitative importance of ketone bodies as lipid precursors in adult rat brain has been studied in vitro. Utilization of ketone bodies and of pyruvate by homogenates of adult rat brain was measured and the distribution of 14C from [3-14C]ketone bodies among the metabolic products was analysed. The rate of ketone-body utilization was maximal in the presence of added Krebs-cycle intermediates and uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation. The consumption of acetoacetate was faster than that of D-3 hydroxybutyrate, whereas, pyruvate produced twice as much acetyl-CoA as acetoacetate under optimal conditions. Millimolar concentrations of ATP in the presence of uncoupler lowered the consumption of ketone bodies but not of pyruvate. Indirect evidence is presented suggesting that ATP interferes specifically with the mitochondrial uptake of ketone bodies. Interconversion of ketone bodies and the accumulation of acid-soluble intermediates (mainly citrate and glutamate) accounted for the major part of ketone-body utilization, whereas only a small part was oxidized to CO2. Ketone bodies were not incorporated into lipids or protein. We conclude that adult rat-brain homogenates use ketone bodies exclusively for oxidative purposes. PMID- 7121716 TI - Localization of monoamine oxidases A and B in primate brains relative to neuron specific and non-neuronal enolases. AB - Using serotonin and phenylethylamine deamination as measures of MAO A and MAO B activity respectively, positive correlations were observed between the activities of MAO A and MAO B in different areas of rhesus monkey and human brains. When the activities of MAO A and MAO B were compared with those of neuron-specific enolase and nonneuronal enolase (isozymes which are markers for neurons and glia), a slight but non-significant correlation was observed, suggesting that a simple distribution of MAO A in neurons and MAO B in glia is unlikely. This conclusion is supported by studies using synaptosomes, but contrasts with that from investigations of MAO from peripheral tissues, where experiments indicate that MAO A is predominantly localized in neurones. PMID- 7121719 TI - Investigations of the lipid metabolism of the white matter in multiple sclerosis: changes in glycero-phosphatides and lipid-splitting enzymes. AB - Phospho- and galacto- lipids and lipidhydrolyzing enzymes have been determined in the white matter of a young patient with a subacute course of multiple sclerosis (MS). Significant changes were observed for the concentration of glycerophosphatides and the fatty acid pattern of the normal appearing with matter surrounding MS-plaques. Among the individual glycerophosphatides a significant decrease of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol was found, whereas the ethanolamine containing phosphatides showed lower figures (non significant). The fatty acid pattern of the ethanolamine-phosphatide-fraction of the diseased tissue a decrease of the 18:1 and the sum of 20:1 and 18:3 fatty acids as compared to the normal control, whereas the highly unsaturated, long chained fatty acids 20:4 (arachidonic acid) and 22:6 (docosahexaenic acid) were elevated. The measurement of lipidhydrolyzing enzymes resulted in an increased phospholipase A1 activity in the diseased tissue. The experimental data point to a decreased activity of the fatty acid elongation system in the course of MS. The decrease of the acidic glycerophosphatides might be due to the increased phospholipase A1 activity. PMID- 7121718 TI - The in vitro release of endogenous m-tyramine, p-tyramine and dopamine from rat striatum. AB - Administration of phenelzine (100 mg/kg. i.p., 18 hr) increased rat striatal concentrations of pTA, mTA and DA by 30, 6.7 and 1.5 fold, respectively. Lesions of the medial forebrain bundle prevented these increases, permitting the conclusion that the phenelzine-induced amine increases were localized in the synaptic terminals. The release of endogenous pTA, mTA and DA from striatal slices obtained from phenelzine-treated rats was investigated, 50 mM KC1l elicited releases of pTA, mTA and DA which were significantly greater than their respective basal releases. These K+-stimulated releases were antagonized significantly by 15 mM MgCl2, suggesting that they are calcium-dependent in nature. We have concluded, therefore, that mTA and pTA, as well as DA, are released from striatal nerve terminals in vivo. The total amounts of mTA and DA, but not pTA, released in the release experiments were greater than those found in the nonincubated tissue. It appears, therefore, that the biosynthesis of mTA and DA was stimulated during the incubation of the striatal slices. PMID- 7121720 TI - Relationship between brain mitochondrial hexokinase and neuronal function: comparable effects of 2-deoxy-D-glucose and thiopental. AB - Mitochondrially bound brain hexokinase is solubilized by anesthetics and this effect has been suggested to contribute to anesthesia. In the present investigation the influence of the metabolic inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DOG) was studied. An isolated rat brain preparation was used to avoid the contribution of peripheral reactions. Isolated rat brains were perfused for 45 min with media containing 4 mmol/l glucose, 10 mmol/l 2-DOG and/or 0.4 mmol/l thiopental. The EEG was monitored and acetylcholine, 2-DOG and its 6-phosphate, as well as the intracellular distribution of hexokinase activity were determined in brain tissue. Soluble hexokinase activity in brain cortex was enhanced by 2-DOG, as also by thiopental, and even more pronounced by both drugs used together, Results from in vitro experiments suggest that solubilization of mitochondrial hexokinase after 2-DOG is mediated by intracellularly accumulated 2-DOG-6-phosphate. 2-DOG produced a significant impairment of neuronal activity, revealing EEG patterns similar to those caused by thiopental anesthesia. Cortical acetylcholine levels were elevated by 2-DOG, as well as by thiopental, and again both drugs showed an additive effect when used in combination. This effect which may be the result of an inhibition of acetylcholine release, was also detectable in mice in vivo after 5 g 2-DOG/kg i.p., whereas the same dose of 3-O-methylglucose had no effect. The results provide further evidence that mitochondrial hexokinase may be involved in the relationship between cerebral metabolism and brain function. PMID- 7121721 TI - Acetylation and phosphorylation of choline following high or low affinity uptake by rat cortical synaptosomes. AB - Synaptosomal acetylcholine synthesis was found to be dependent on the presence of Na+-dependent HC-3 sensitive choline transport at low (5.5 mM) and high (35 mM) K+ concentrations. However, at 5, 20, and 100 microM choline, choline phosphorylation was proportional to total choline uptake, in the presence or absence or high affinity transport. Only in the presence of eserine (50 microM) did acetylcholine synthesis increase as the choline concentration was elevated from 20 microM to 100 microM, and this effect was observed at low and high K+ concentrations. Our results suggest that: 1) the synthesis of non-surplus synaptosomal ACh is dependent on high affinity choline transport; and 2) choline is equally likely to be phosphorylated after being taken up by low or high affinity transport. PMID- 7121722 TI - Metabolic profile of hippocampal regions after bilateral ischemia and recovery. AB - Microanalysis methods were used to determine the effect of bilateral carotid occlusion on net levels of energy metabolites in discrete cellular regions of the hippocampus and dentate gyrus of the Mongolian gerbil. Glucose, glycogen, ATP and phosphocreatine levels were not decreased after one minute of bilateral occlusion. Three minutes of ischemia, however, produced a dramatic fall in net levels with no further decrease observed at fifteen minutes. Re-establishment of blood flow for five minutes after a fifteen minute ischemic episode resulted in replenishment of metabolites to pre-ischemic levels. Glucose was increased two to three times in sham-operated animals as compared to control (non-operated) animals. The increase was the result of the Na-pentobarbital anesthetic employed. The present data indicate that regions of the hippocampus and dentate gyrus respond in a uniform manner to bilateral occlusion of the carotid arteries. Further, most cells maintained enough viability to resume production of high energy phosphate and carbohydrate metabolites. PMID- 7121723 TI - Pentylenetetrazole induced changes in cerebellar energy metabolism. AB - Pentylenetetrazole was administered to Swiss-Albino mice, producing clonic-tonic seizures. Other groups were pretreated with one of the three anticonvulsants: phenytoin, clonazepam, or sodium valproate. Mice were sacrificed during the preseizure (1 minute) stage and at the onset of clonic-tonic seizures (2 minutes). Glucose, glycogen, ATP, and phosphocreatine were measured in layers of the parietal cortex and cerebellar vermis. Cortical metabolites were unchanged, or increased slightly, suggesting decreased utilization. In both cerebellar layers, glucose and glycogen were significantly decreased, and phosphocreatine was decreased in the molecular layer. These results indicate a regionally selective effect for pentylenetetrazole on cerebral energy metabolites. Pretreatment with anti-convulsants reduced the severity of the seizure, and eliminated the effect of pentylenetetrazole on glucose and glycogen. PMID- 7121724 TI - Guanine nucleotides do not inhibit tritiated dopamine agonist binding to bovine striatal membranes. AB - The addition of GTP (50 muM), MnCl2 (1 mM) or EDTA (2 mM) had no effect on the affinity or capacity of bovine striatal plasma membranes for [3H]spiperone. However, GTP caused a decrease in the potency of dopamine as an inhibitor of [3H]spiperone binding under all conditions tested. Manganese enhanced the potency of dopamine both in the presence and absence of GTP, but NaCl (100 mM) had no effect. Neither manganese nor GTP caused any change in the affinity or capacity of bovine striatal membranes for the tritiated agonists dopamine, apomorphine or ADTN. GPPNHP, a nonhydrolyzable analog of GTP, was also ineffective. However, in identical experiments using rat striatal membranes, 50 muM GTP caused a decrease in affinity for all three tritiated agonists and this effect was observed both in the presence and absence of manganese (1 mM). In addition, binding capacities for [3H]dopamine and [3H]ADTN were doubled when manganese was present. In light of this and other reports that GTP inhibits tritiated agonist binding in rat striatum, it is suggested that the absence of such inhibition in bovine striatal membranes may reflect a fundamental difference between the two species with regard to their receptors for dopamine agonists. PMID- 7121726 TI - Astracts of communications of the Japanese Neurochemical Society. PMID- 7121727 TI - [Surgical technique and anatomical point of carotid endarterectomy]. AB - Many different techniques have been utilized for carotid endarterectomy (CEA). The method demonstrated here employed a minor but significant alteration especially in the techniques for dissection and the removal of the atheromatous plaque. This was to cope with the Japanese atheromatous plaque which is, according to the author's study, characterized by the less marked atheroma ends both in the smaller internal carotid and common carotid artery with high bifurcation. In addition, the more fibrous nature of the plaque requires a technique to find and develop the adequate layer for the CEA. These techniques were explained together with related anatomies. Anatomical structures included in this article are summarized in Table 1. PMID- 7121728 TI - [Intracerebral picibanil injection in the rat neurogenic tumor--its histopathological changes]. AB - Penicillin-free-Picibanil was injected into the brain of Wistar/Fibiger strain rat to investigate the histological changes. Its effect on the growth of rat schwannoma inoculated in the brain was also examined histologically. Picibanil caused the most prominent but focal lymphoreticular cell reaction around the injected site in the brain 24 to 48 hours after injection. The cells infiltrating from the blood vessels were neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocyte-like cells, histiocyte-like cells and unidentified cells. This lympho-reticular cell reaction gradually subsided in the next 4 to 5 days. Neutrophils and monocytes (macrophages)stayed till the later phase. Two weeks later, the lesion was minimal with only mild glial changes. Picibanil was however, considered to exert at the site of injection neurotoxic and glia-toxic activity at a concentration of 0.1 KE/10 microliters. The rat schwannoma (T1) cells, when inoculated without any treatment, showed vivid growth in the brain and no lympho-reticular cell reaction was observed. When the T1 tumor cells, suspended in the Picibanil solution, were inoculated into the brain, no lymph-reticular cell reaction was observed 7 and 14 days after inoculation. However, when the rat was pretreated with Picibanil into the brain 7 days before inoculation, only a mild lymphoreticular cell reaction was observed around the T1 cells till 7 days after inoculation. Accordingly, Picibanil was considered to induce nonspecific immunological in the rat brain even around the glioma. PMID- 7121725 TI - Effects of injection of 3-acetylpyridine on the levels of taurine in the cerebellum and medulla of the rat: a reappraisal. AB - Values for taurine in a 5% TCA extract of whole rat medulla were decreased by 19% after acid hydrolysis of samples. Values for taurine in a similar extract of rat cerebellum were unaffected by hydrolysis. The values for taurine were lower in the medulla and cerebellum of 3-acetylpyridine treated rat (65 mg/kp i.p.) when the unhydrolyzed TCA extract was assayed. However, when the hydrolyzed TCA extract was assayed, the level of taurine in the medulla was not lower in the 3 AP treatment rat but it was reduced in the cerebella of the drug-treated group. 3 Acetylpyridine appeared to reduce the levels in the medulla of acid-labile compounds which can interfere with the estimation of taurine. PMID- 7121729 TI - [Pathological changes of prolactinomas treated with bromocriptine]. AB - In order to investigate the pathological changes of prolactinomas induced by the treatment with bromocriptine, 12 cases of prolactinoma were studied using immunocytology and electronmicroscopy. Eight cases were treated with bromocriptine, 5 mg/day, for a few days before surgery, while 4 cases were given for several months. 1) Cases of the short-term administration All of the adenomas except one appeared to be eosinophilic by H-E stain. Electronmicroscopically, abundant secretory granules, measuring 100-350 nm, were found throughout the cytoplasm, while exocytosis, frequently seen in the common type of prolactinomas, could not be observed. With immunostains, prolactin was diffusely positive in the cytoplasm of most adenoma cells, though the intensity of immunostaining for prolactin was relatively faint compared with that of normal prolactin cells or usual prolactinomas. Immunoreactive prolactin was demonstrated on accumulated secretory granules, while it was negative in the Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER). 2) Cases of the long-term administration The tumors corresponded to chromophobe adenomas and the immunoperoxidase techniques revealed the absence of prolactin in the cytoplasm. Electronmicroscopically, secretory granules, measuring about 100 nm, were infrequent and lined up along the cell membrane. Marked shrinkage of the Golgi apparatus and ER was noted with various stages of degenerative changes in adenoma cells. In conclusion, bromocriptine not only inhibits the release of prolactin, but also suppresses the synthesis of it at the initial phase. With a long-term administration of bromocriptine, the cell organelles related to the hormone production, such as the Golgi apparatus and ER show gradual shrinkage under the prolonged tonic inhibition for prolactin release and synthesis. This might be the mechanism by which bromocriptine leads prolactinomas to the shrinkage. PMID- 7121730 TI - [Clinical evaluation of artificial blood substitute (fluosol-DA 20%) in patients of cerebral ischemia]. AB - The efficacy of perfluorochemicals (Fluosol-DA 20%) as an erythrocyte substitute and the changes of regional cerebral blood flow (r-CBF) following the administration of Fluosol-DA were studied. Seventy-three patients suffering from cerebral ischemic diseases were treated by 10 m/kg of Fluosol-DA. Intravenous infusions were performed 126 times. Clinical efficacy could be estimated by neurological signs, r-CBF and EEG findings in 53 patients who were in acute or subacute stage of diseases. These patients were classified into three groups; 1) Vasospasm group consists of 21 patients and 43 times of infusion, 2) Stenosis or occlusion group consists of 21 patients and 29 times of infusion, and 3) Others. Improvement occurred in 65.1% and 65.5% of vasospasm, and occlusion group, respectively. No aggravated case was noted. One out of 126 infusions showed an exanthema. Changes of r-CBF was measured in 20 cases on 32 hemispheres by either inhalation or intra-arterial infection of 133Xenon. r-CBF was increased 25.0% after the administration of Fluosol-DA when measured by intraarterial injection of 133Xenon. The increase of 16.9% in r-CBF was found in 11 cases by the inhalation method. These values were well correlated with that of animal study using monkeys measured by hydrogen clearance method. From the comparison of the effect of Fluosol-DA and Hespander on r-CBF, the mechanism of increased r-CBF by Fluosol-DA 20%, which contains 2.9% of hydroxyethyl-starch, was considered to be not solely due to the lowering of blood viscosities but also due to the dilating effect on cerebral vessels. PMID- 7121732 TI - [Cystic meningioma associated with intratumoral hemorrhage in a child--report of a case and review of the literature]. AB - The case reported here was a 6-year-old girl who complained of sudden headache and nausea followed by vomiting and visited our clinic. Physical examination revealed mental confusion, right abducent palsy and papilledema. Computed tomography demonstrated a round high-density area surrounded by a low-density zone indicating cystic nature and including high-density part. The lesion was located in the right parietal lobe attaching to the flax. Right frontoparietal craniotomy disclosed a brain tumor containing a large cyst in which bleeding from the tumor was confirmed. This mass lesion was totally resected out. Histo pathological diagnosis was meningioma to contained cystic formation and hemorrhage from the tumor. Therefore, further discussion on the pathogenesis of cyst formation and bleeding from this tumor was presented. PMID- 7121731 TI - [Acute interhemispheric subdural hematoma; report of 2 cases]. PMID- 7121733 TI - [Traumatic interhemispheric subdural hematoma--report of a case and analysis of 7 cases]. AB - A case of traumatic interhemispheric subdural hematoma is reported and 7 cases, including ours, reported in literature are analyzed. A 43-year-old jogger hit his forehead in the traffic accident. After medical care for the wound at the near hospital, he walked to home without any neurological deficits. On the following day, he complained of headache, nausea and slight gait disturbance, so the visited us 5 days after head trauma. On the biplane computed tomograms, interhemispheric subdural hematoma was detected. A distinct avascular space in this portion was found on the right carotid angiograms. Treated conservatively with repeated computed tomography, he recovered completely well about a month after head trauma. Analyzing 7 cases, following comments were obtained; Age distribution was between 23 to 74 and all were male. The mechanism of the hematoma formation in such region remained still unclear, but seemed to be caused partially due to rotational cerebral injuries. Characteristic clinical symptom was hemiparesis, predominantly crural or crural monoparesis. This symptom was found in four of seven cases on the same side of the hematoma, that was supposed due to the compression of the contralateral blood flow the distal anterior cerebral artery. Neuroradiologically, on the angiograms, the internal branches of callosomarginal arteries turned away from the middle parallel to the pericallosal artery stayed in the middle and between them, a distinct avascular space was found. On the biplane computed tomograms, semilunar high density area was identified along the midline, bounded medially by the falx cerebri, laterally by the convex border against the brain parenchyma, inferiorly by the tentorium. Although the anteroposterior extension of the hematoma was recognized on the axial plane, the superoinferior extension, especially in relation to the tentorium, was well shown on the coronal plane. On the electroencephalogram, no characteristic findings were obtained. Abnormalities blood coagulation were found in a case. Five cases were operated on and 2 cases treated conservatively, and the outcome was good in all. The following diseases had to be differentiated: hematomas due to the rupture of peripheral anterior cerebral artery aneurysms, including traumatic ones, blood coagulopathy or medication of anticoagulants. Tumors such as parasagittal or falx meningiomas, subdural abscesses localized in the interhemisphere, infarctions of distal anterior cerebral artery. PMID- 7121736 TI - The effects of castration on the subependymal plate of the rat. AB - Earlier studies have shown that glial tumours, produced by the intracerebral implantation of chemical carcinogens, originate from the subependymal plate. In the present study the effects of castration on cell number and proliferation in the subependymal region has been investigated as such treatment has been shown to reduce the incidence of gliomata produced by an implanted carcinogen. An age related reduction in mitotic activity and nuclear density was found in the subependymal plate. Castration produced a consistent reduction in mitotic activity but the nuclear density was unchanged. The results suggest that the reduction in tumour incidence produced by castration cannot be explained simply on the basis of reduced proliferation in the population believed to be at risk and that other, as yet, undefined factors must be involved. In addition, it appeared that there was also no simple relationship between brain growth and cell proliferation in the subependymal plate. PMID- 7121737 TI - Phencyclidine-induced release of [3H]dopamine from chopped striatal tissue. AB - Phencyclidine was examined for its ability to release [3H]dopamine ([3H]DA) from prelabelled chopped rat striatal tissue. A dynamic perfusion system was used in order to minimize the effects of drugs on uptake mechanisms. Cocaine and S-(+) amphetamine were used to distinguish uptake inhibition from a neurotransmitter releasing action. Phencyclidine, starting at 3 microM caused a dose-dependent increase in efflux of [3H]DA from chopped striatal tissue. In this same preparation, cocaine, a known neuronal uptake inhibitor of dopamine, was unable to release [3H]DA except in the largest dose of 100 microM. S-(+)Amphetamine, a known releaser of neuronal dopamine, was found to be about ten times more potent then phencyclidine in causing a dose-dependent release of [3H]DA. The results of the above experiments are discussed in relation to the ability of phencyclidine to decrease the synaptosomal accumulation of [3H]DA. It is concluded that some of the psychoactive effects of phencyclidine may be due to the ability of phencyclidine to elicit a release of dopamine from dopaminergic neurons. PMID- 7121735 TI - Neuronal and lymphocytic populations in human trigeminal ganglia: implications for ageing and for latent virus. AB - The number of neurones and of lymphocytes was determined morphometrically in serial sections of trigeminal ganglia harvested at autopsy from 64 human subjects dying at ages 2 months to 81 years. The nerve cell population varied from 20 159 to 156 702 with a mean of 80 638 /ganglion and was unaffected by increasing age. The degree of lymphocytic infiltration, which was prominent and ubiquitous, also did not correlate with the subjects' age. There was no significant correlation between neuronal and lymphocyte counts. The inflammatory cells present throughout life apparently are unassociated with any detrimental effect upon the sensory neurones, and may represent a histopathological marker either of reactivating herpes virus or of virus maintained in a latent state within the Gasserian ganglia of man. PMID- 7121734 TI - [An operated case of cervical spontaneous hematomyelia]. AB - We have reported a case of cervical spontaneous hematomyelia caused by cavernous hemangioma. A 47-year-old woman experienced a sudden onset of pain in the neck on 5 December 1979. One week after the onset she began to have tetraparesis. There was a rapidly increasing weakness of the extremities and she was referred to our department on 25 December 1979. At the time, the positive neurological findings were flaccid tetraplegia, bilateral loss of all sensory perception below the C4 level and urinary retention. Chest x-ray films demonstrated an elevation of right diaphragma. Roentgenograms of the cervical spine were normal. Emergency myelography via cisternal puncture revealed a central filling defect at the level of C3-C5. But there was no displacement of dentate ligament on lateral view, suggesting an intramedullary mass lesion. Laminectomy from C2 to Th1 and evacuation of the intramedullary blood clot at C3-C5 level were performed successfully. Microscopic examination of clots revealed cavernous hemangioma. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient gradually improved in her motility. In the review of the literature including our case, vascular malformations are the commonest cause of spontaneous hematomyelia. They are found 12 out of 18 cases (Table 1). The symptoms of spontaneous hematomyelia are characterized by sudden onset of pain and rapid development of long tract sign in a previously asymptomatic individual. Operated cases are summarized in table 2. Good operative results are obtained 6 out 9 cases. We will emphasize that in a case of spontaneous hematomyelia with acute progression of transverse myelopathy, early diagnosis and operation are extremely important, and for this purpose, myelography is considered to be one of the most useful examinations. PMID- 7121738 TI - Evidence for the outward transport of norepinephrine in synaptic vesicles attached to the plasma membrane. AB - In a low-sodium, choline+ (Ch+) medium, rat heart slices, that were labelled in vivo with [3H]norepinephrine, exhibited a delayed Ca2+-dependent release of radioactivity, these radioactive compounds consisted of both amines and deaminated metabolites. The Ca2+-dependent release of radioactivity was largely blocked by cocaine suggesting that the release may represent an outward transport of [3H]amines. Reserpine, which is known to inhibit binding of norepinephrine to synaptic vesicles, stimulated the release of deaminated metabolites and some amines from the slices. Cocaine increased the release of [3H]amines in monoamine oxidase inhibited, reserpinized slices in the control medium. When Ch+-Ca2+ and reserpine stimulation were combined, the effects of Ch+-Ca2+ predominated. These effects were blocked by cocaine, which then permitted the response to reserpine to become established. The conclusion derived from the above experiments is that norepinephrine coming from synaptic vesicles brought in close proximity to the plasma membrane by a Ca2+-dependent system can be transported outwardly to the extraneuronal space by a cocaine-sensitive mechanism. PMID- 7121739 TI - Raphe unit activity in freely moving cats: effects of quipazine. AB - Quipazine produced a dose-dependent decrease in the discharge rate of serotonin containing neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus of freely-moving cats. This ranged from a 10% decrease at 0.5 mg/kg, (i.p.), to a virtually complete depression of activity at 5.0 mg/kg. The effects of quipazine on raphe units occurred with a short latency (5--10 min) and its duration of action was dose-dependent and lasted from 1 to 6 hr. The degree of depression of raphe unit activity was directly related to the frequency of occurrence of a number of behaviors such as limb flicking and abortive grooming. There was a close temporal correlation between the depression of raphe unit activity and the occurrence of these behaviors. These data reveal that quipazine produces behavioral and raphe unit changes similar to those observed after administration of hallucinogens with an indole nucleus. PMID- 7121741 TI - The effects of parasympathetic blocking agents on bladder electromyograms and function in conscious and anaesthetized cats. AB - Voiding induced in conscious cats by infusion of sterile saline into the bladder via a chronically implanted bladder catheter was stable over many months. Artefact-free recordings of electrical activity obtained from the bladder neck and dome of these preparations during bladder filling and voiding showed characteristic voiding electromyograms but did not permit a functional differentiation. Both voiding and the associated electromyogram were abolished by the ganglion blocking agent, pentolinium. Hyoscine or methyl atropine did not affect the electromyogram but impaired the ability of cats to empty their bladders completely. In anaesthetized cats, ganglion blocking agents prevented a rise in bladder pressure during sacral ventral root stimulation but a hyoscine sensitive bladder contraction was seen following the period of stimulation. Further stimulation during this post-stimulus rise in intravesical pressure revealed a hyoscine-sensitive stimulus-bound relaxation. Sacral ventral root stimulation relaxed the bladder neck/proximal urethra particularly in the presence of sympathetic tone. PMID- 7121740 TI - Blood pressure and heart rate responses to microinjection of vasopressin into the nucleus tractus solitarius region of the rat. AB - The nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) region in the rat has been shown to receive arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) neurophysin-containing neuronal projections from the suprachiasmatic (SNC) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Thus, vasopressin and oxytocin might have central influences on the circulation. This as investigated by measuring arterial blood pressure and heart rate (HR) responses following microinjection of vasopressin and oxytocin (0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 ng) into the right nucleus tractus solitarius region of rats anesthetized with urethane. Injections of vasopressin into nucleus tractus solitarius produced dose related increases in blood pressure and heart rate. The effect of oxytocin on the blood pressure and heart rate was of a lesser magnitude without showing a dose response relationship. Equivolumetric injections of vehicle and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) peptide had no detectable effect on blood pressure and minimal effect on heart rate. Injections of vasopressin into three different sites in the brain stem (1 mm anterior, posterior, and lateral to the tractus solitarius) did not produce significant hemodynamic changes. Intravenously injected vasopressin produced increments in blood pressure only at the highest dose level (10.0 ng) and a decrease rather than an increase in heart rate. Ganglionic blockade significantly reduced pressor responses to vasopressin injected into the nucleus tractus solitarius region and completely eliminated HR responses. Pretreatment of the nucleus tractus solitarius with a vasopressin antagonist abolished the blood pressure and heart rate responses produced by injection of vasopressin. These results suggest that vasopressin acts in the region of the nucleus tractus solitarius to exert a central action on the circulation. PMID- 7121742 TI - Relationships between blood ethanol levels and ethanol-induced changes in cortical EEG power spectra in the rat. AB - Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with chronic cortical and temporalis muscle electrodes and/or intravenous cannulas. After acute ethanol administration, dose-dependent linear declines in blood ethanol concentration were found. Ethanol-induced increases in EEG spectral power in the 0 - 4 Hz band persisted long after blood ethanol levels and declined to zero; therefore, we found no correlation. Acute ethanol administration also produced an initial drop in 8 - 13 Hz spectral power. Then, as blood ethanol levels declined, 8 - 13 Hz spectral power increased toward normal; a significant negative linear correlation was found. PMID- 7121743 TI - Intact 5HT neuroterminals are not required for 5HT2 receptor down-regulation by amitriptyline. AB - Chronic treatment of rats with the antidepressant, amitriptyline, resulted in a reduced number of cerebral cortical 5HT2 receptors measured as cinanserin displaceable [3H] spiperone binding. Pretreatment of rats with the serotonergic neurotoxin, p-chloroamphetamine, did not inhibit the effects of subsequent chronic amitriptyline treatment on 5HT2 receptor density whilst still severe neuroterminal destruction. It is suggested that such data indicate a post synaptic locus of action for amitriptyline and have implications in regard to current concepts of antidepressant action. PMID- 7121744 TI - Interactions between phencyclidine and cholinergic excitation of hippocampal pyramidal neurons. AB - The interaction between phencyclidine and acetylcholine-evoked responses of hippocampal pyramidal neurons was investigated in normal and catecholamine depleted rats. Phencyclidine antagonized the acetylcholine-induced excitations in both preparations. However, in the majority of cases, this effect was observed only at doses of phencyclidine which also manifested nonspecific membrane stabilization. In contrast, phencyclidine-induced decreases in firing rate, which have been shown to be mediated by catecholamines, occurred at doses of phencyclidine which do not cause local anesthesia. Taken together, these data suggest that the catecholaminergically-mediated effects of phencyclidine may be more important in the hippocampus. PMID- 7121745 TI - Response characteristics of thalamic neurons to microiontophoretically applied morphine. AB - The extracellular unit activity of parafasciculus thalamic neurons was studied before and after incremental microiontophoretic applications of morphine and naloxone. The parafasciculus neurons could be divided into three groups according to their initial spontaneous discharges. Only two groups responded to morphine as a function of dose and, within these groups, there were 12 different patterns. These findings suggest that the parafasciculus neurons responded in a heterogenous manner to morphine and they also provide physiological support for the biochemical evidence indicating the existence of multiple opiate receptors. PMID- 7121746 TI - Correlates of nociception and antinociception in dorsal root potentials in the rat. AB - The antinociceptive effectiveness of spinally administered opiates raises the question of their neural target in the spinal cord. A large body of evidence points to a site of action on primary afferent fibers before the first central synapse. The dorsal root potential (DRP) is a consequence of phasic presynaptic inhibitory action on the primary afferent fibers. In these studies in the rat, dorsal root potentials, evoked by non-noxious subcutaneous electrical stimulation, were altered by systemic and spinal administration of opiates and by two types of noxious stimulation. Noxious stimulation was accompanied by increased dorsal root potential amplitude, whereas antinociception was associated with decreased dorsal root potential amplitude. Treatment with morphine decreased the dorsal potential and blocked the increase in amplitude induced by noxious by noxious stimuli. These results indicate that nociception and antinociception differentially modulate the phasic component of presynaptic inhibition on primary afferent fibers in the spinal cord. PMID- 7121747 TI - The effects of opiate antagonists on milk intake of preweanling rats. AB - The observation that acute administration of opiate agonists to rodent adults increased food intake while the reverse was true with a single injection of an opiate antagonist has led to the suggestion that endogenous opioids may in part mediate feeding behaviour in adult rodents. Studies were performed in infant rats to explore further the generality and ontogeny of this function. In three models of food availability, the effects of naloxone and naltrexone were assessed in deprivation-induced feeding tests in 3-, 10-, 12, 14- and 19-day-old preweanling rats. Naloxone or naltrexone attenuated food intake only after 14 days. Functional immaturity of the opioid systems vis-a-vis ingestive behaviour may account for this developmental sequence. PMID- 7121748 TI - Comparison of the discriminative stimulus properties of clonidine and amphetamine in rats. AB - Rats were trained to discriminate d-amphetamine (1.0 mg/kg) or clonidine (0.06 mg/kg) from saline in a standard, two-lever procedure with food reinforcement (n = 6). The similarity between the discriminable properties of amphetamine and clonidine was both partial and asymmetrical. Cross tests with amylobarbitone and chlordiazepoxide in rats trained with clonidine suggested that a major component of the clonidine stimulus may be general sedation. Pretreatment with the alpha 2 adrenoreceptor antagonist, piperoxane partially antagonized the discriminative stimulus produced by clonidine. The alpha 1 antagonist, phenoxybenzamine failed to alter the clonidine stimulus. Although amphetamine and clonidine may share some elements in common, this may not represent a noradrenergic component in the amphetamine discriminative stimulus since noradrenergic mediation of the clonidine stimulus was not established. PMID- 7121750 TI - Histidine-induced bizarre behaviour in rats: the possible involvement of central cholinergic system. AB - Histidine injected intraperitoneally into rats in doses from 400 to 800 mg/kg induced a dose-dependent bizarre behaviour. The behaviour after histidine was similar to that observed after L-DOPA and peripheral decarboxylase inhibition. The bizarre behaviour was antagonized by chloropyramine, ketotifen, clemastine and promethazine, antagonists of histamine H1 receptors, with ED50's of 13.9, 14.2, 21.6 and 22.2 mg/kg, respectively. Cimetidine, an antagonist of histamine H2 receptors, injected intraventricularly at a dose of 100 micrograms, was without effect. The bizarre behaviour after histidine was not changed by antagonists of dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin receptors, but it was blocked by atropine, indicating involvement of central cholinergic systems. PMID- 7121751 TI - Effect of lesioning dopamine, noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine pathways on tremorine-induced tremor and rigidity. AB - The effects of lesioning monoamine pathways in the rat brain on tremorine-induced hind-limb tremor and rigidity were studied. Nigro-striatal and mesolimbic dopamine (DA) neurones were lesioned unilaterally by injecting 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the median forebrain bundle. Tremor was reduced in the contralateral leg and rigidity was prevented in the ipsilateral leg. Injection of 6-OHDA into the nucleus accumbens affected tremor but not rigidity. In general, nigral DA neurones may influence rigidity whilst mesolimbic DA neurones affect tremor. A unilateral locus coeruleus electrolesion which destroys noradrenaline (NA) fibres reduced both tremor and rigidity. A median raphe electrolytic lesion affecting 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neurones had no effect on tremor and rigidity, whereas lesioning the dorsal raphe electrolytically or by injecting 5,6 dihydroxytryptamine prevented rigidity without affecting tremor. Electrical stimulation of the dorsal raphe increased transiently the hindlimb tone of normal rats. The findings demonstrate that the monoamines, especially 5-HT, are differently involved in the mechanisms of tremor and rigidity produced by tremorine. PMID- 7121752 TI - Comparative assay of anticonvulsant and toxic potencies of sixteen GABAmimetic drugs. AB - The relative ability of 16 direct and indirect GABAmimetic drugs to elevate the threshold for electroconvulsions and pentetrazole seizures was studied in mice. The following drugs were tested: GABA and its pro drug cetyl GABA, the GABA agonists muscimol, THIP and progabide, the inhibitors of the high affinity GABA uptake (-)- and (+)-nipecotic acid ethyl ester, (+/-)-nipecotic acid methyl ester, (+/-)-cis-4-hydroxynipecotic acid methyl ester and guvacine methyl ester, and the inhibitors of GABA degradation aminooxyacetic acid, gabaculine, gamma acetylenic GABA, gamma-vinyl GABA and ethanolamine-O-sulphate. Valproic acid was induced as a reference standard. All drugs were administered intraperitoneally and their anticonvulsant potencies were compared at the previously established time of peak drug effect. All GABAmimetics gave rise to significant, dose dependent threshold elevations. Most potent were muscimol, THIP and Cetyl GABA, and least potent were gamma-vinyl GABA and ethanolamine-O-sulphate. Determination of minimal neurotoxicity by means of the chimney test indicated that the anticonvulsant effect of most GABAmimetics was impaired by a narrow margin of safety. Only cetyl GABA, aminooxyacetic acid and progabide exhibited satisfactory margins of safety similar to those of valproic acid in any particular test. Based on the present data, cetyl GABA and progabide appear to be the most interesting compounds examined besides valproic acid and both GABAmimetics may be interesting as potential antiepileptic drugs. PMID- 7121749 TI - Effects of diazepam and picrotoxin on hyponeophagia in rats. AB - The effects of diazepam (1 mg/kg), picrotoxin (1.5 mg/kg) and both treatments on hyponeophagia in male and female rats were studied. Diazepam reduced eating latency and enhanced the total amount eaten in the test. Picrotoxin increased approach and eating latencies and reduced amount eaten, females being more sensitive to these actions. Behavioural sensitivity to diazepam was reduced by picrotoxin for approach latency but enhanced for eating latency. These findings are discussed in connection with the GABA hypothesis of the actions of benzodiazepines. PMID- 7121753 TI - [Infant psychiatry. Workshop of the Study Group of the French Society of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry]. PMID- 7121755 TI - [New data on the interactions between the human infant and his mother]. PMID- 7121754 TI - [Evolution of the supine body points used for support, 15 days to 7 months: contribution to the study of the ontogenesis of equilibration]. PMID- 7121756 TI - [Prevention work in day nurseries]. PMID- 7121758 TI - [First three-month functional disorders observed during hospitalization]. PMID- 7121759 TI - ["Parents-infant" psychotherapy. Research on the autistic process]. PMID- 7121757 TI - [Hospitalization with his mother of the new-born child and the infant in a general paediatric unit]. PMID- 7121762 TI - [The first week. About post-partum relational implications]. PMID- 7121760 TI - [Gabrielle or the story of a noise. "Mother-child" hospitalization in a case of breath holding spell]. PMID- 7121761 TI - [First age psychopathology. An experience of hospitalization in a psychiatric care unit for young children]. PMID- 7121763 TI - [Reflections of a paediatrician practicing in a maternity]. PMID- 7121764 TI - [Psychological implications of present techniques in neonatology]. PMID- 7121766 TI - [The development of the mother-child link after an early separation. Experience in a neonatology unit]. PMID- 7121765 TI - [Concerning hospitalization in paediatric units: reflections on the mother-child separation]. PMID- 7121768 TI - [Deglutition disorders in encephalopaths]. PMID- 7121769 TI - [Deceit, mother's milk and skin]. PMID- 7121770 TI - [Eradication attempt of bereavement in a day nursery]. PMID- 7121767 TI - [Experience of the mothers of phenylketonuric children]. PMID- 7121771 TI - [About forlorn and ill-treated children: prevention attempt by a concerted and early medico-social action between maternal and child welfare and hospital units. A study in two hospital maternities]. PMID- 7121772 TI - [Collective investment of the child's body. African examples]. PMID- 7121773 TI - [Pregnancy, childbirth and the child psychiatrist]. PMID- 7121775 TI - [Round table: infant psychiatry. Child psychiatry workshop, 1980 Entretiens de Bichat]. PMID- 7121774 TI - [The new-born child in infant's psychiatry]. PMID- 7121776 TI - Intraoperative ultrasound detection of metastatic tumors in the central cortex. AB - Real-time sector ultrasonography precisely located metastatic tumors of the central motor cortex during craniotomy in two patients. In these two cases, the only surface abnormality was swelling of several overlying gyri. Intraoperative ultrasonography precisely located the 1.5- and 2.5-cm-diameter tumors to a position below a specific gyrus, enabling the surgeon to excise the tumors through small, accurately placed cortical windows. The precise location minimized exploratory probing and the size of the cortical incision required to identify and remove the tumors. This technique will have general application in similar situations when the cortical surface gives no indication of underlying tumor location. By charting the best trajectory for the surgical approach, this technique may replace a variety of stereotactic and computed tomography-guided techniques for biopsy of deep brain tumors. PMID- 7121777 TI - Encouraging surgical results in walking patients with epidural metastases. AB - The management of epidural metastases is in a state of controversy between combined surgical and radiation treatment and treatment by radiation alone. Review of the literature shows that one group, patients who are ambulatory before treatment, have been studied rarely. We analyzed our last 15 years of experience at the Cleveland Clinic and found 39 patients who were ambulatory preoperatively; 84% of these walked during the short term follow-up and 93% of the 1-year survivors walked. These data suggest that surgery has an important role in the management of ambulatory patients. PMID- 7121778 TI - Closure of large traumatic lumbosacral defects. AB - The authors describe a new method for the surgical closure of large traumatic defects of the lumbosacral region. In this surgical procedure, longitudinal muscle masses are mobilized to obtain a watertight closure. An anatomical description of the lumbosacral region and a discussion of the importance of anatomy in the development of the procedure are included. Three cases are illustrated. PMID- 7121779 TI - Overall management of vascular lesions considered treatable with extracranial intracranial bypass: part 1. Internal carotid occlusion. AB - From 1973 to 1979, 49 patients with internal carotid occlusion were evaluated and treated. Eighteen of 49 (37%) presented with transient ischemic attack/prolonged reversible ischemic neurological deficit, 14 of 49 (29%) presented with mild completed stroke, 13 of 49 (27%) presented with severe completed stroke, and 4 of 49 (8%) were asymptomatic. Surgical treatment consisting of extracranial intracranial (EC-IC) bypass, internal carotid stump reconstruction and endarterectomy to open the occlusion, contralateral endarterectomy for carotid stenosis opposite the occlusion, and iatrogenic carotid occlusion with EC-IC bypass was carried out on 22 (45%) patients considered at risk for ischemia based on angiographic evidence of poor collateral circulation and potential sources of emboli. Medical treatment consisting of anticoagulants or anti-platelet aggregation agents was used in 27 (55%) patients with good collateral circulation. By 6 weeks after the initiation of treatment, 10 of 49 (20%) reached end points of new strokes and death. By an average of 3 years after treatment began, 30 of 49 (61%) reached the same end points. The results suggest that new ischemic events in the distribution of the occluded carotid artery occur infrequently if the angiographic study shows adequate collateral circulation to the ischemic territory at risk. Surgical revascularization should be reserved for patients with (a) recurrent ischemic events after the diagnosis of carotid occlusion or (b) poor collateral circulation. PMID- 7121782 TI - Solitary cerebral metastasis: the effect of craniotomy on the quality and the duration of survival. AB - The authors report 57 patients in whom craniotomies for solitary intracranial metastatic tumor were performed in Vancouver General Hospital between 1970 and 1980. The median survival after craniotomy varied between 3.5 and 10 months depending upon the types of primary tumors. Patients with metastatic central nervous system (CNS) tumor from breast, kidney, or an unknown primary site had longer periods of survival than those with bronchogenic carcinoma. The outcome for metastatic melanoma was poor. Eighty-two per cent of the patients were able to enjoy home life and were self-dependent at the time of discharge from the hospital. A long latent interval between the primary tumor diagnosis and secondary CNS metastasis favored longer survival for patients with bronchogenic carcinoma, but not for those with melanoma. The presence of systemic metastases was an adverse factor. There was no significant difference in the duration of survival between patients with right- or left-sided cerebral lesions, but those with right hemispheric involvement had a better quality of survival. The use of computed tomographic scanning improved both the duration and the quality of postoperative survival. PMID- 7121780 TI - Hemianopia: a presenting feature of acute epidural hematomas. AB - Visual field abnormalities were studied in a retrospective analysis of 199 patients with epidural hematomas. One hundred three patients had been alert enough at the time of hospital admission to have had their visual fields examined, but in only 27 patients were visual fields documented in the charts. Six of the 27 patients (22%) had a correctly localizing homonymous hemianopia. The case histories of these 6 patients are detailed and the pathogenetic mechanisms of the visual field abnormalities are discussed. The importance of recognizing that homonymous hemianopia can be an early sign of an epidural hematoma is stressed. PMID- 7121781 TI - Topical antibiotic prophylaxis in neurosurgery. AB - Topical antibiotics have been used prophylactically in clean operations by many neurosurgeons. Many others have not used them, however. Review of the experimental literature shows that topical antibiotics will reduce the rate of wound infection in experimentally contaminated wounds. Experience in other surgical disciplines suggests that the infection rate of operations with an intrinsically high risk of infection (greater than 15%) can be reduced substantially by the use of topical antibiotics. There is no sound scientific evidence documenting the benefit of prophylactic topical antibiotics in operations with a risk of infection below 5%. Reports of the use of topical antibiotics in neurosurgery are either uncontrolled or are so fragmentary that no useful-conclusions can be drawn from them. Surgical wounds with a high risk of infection should be treated with intraoperative topical antibiotics. The routine use of topical antibiotics in clean neurosurgical procedures requires further study. PMID- 7121784 TI - Mega cisterna magna: diagnosis using metrizamide computed tomographic cisternography. AB - The mega cisterna magna is one cause of a midline, extra-axial, posterior fossa cyst. The computed tomographic features and differential diagnosis of midline posterior fossa cystic structures are reviewed, and the clinical features of the mega cisterna magna are discussed. We describe a method of metrizamide cisternography and report a case of mega cisterna magna that was diagnosed by this technique. PMID- 7121785 TI - Giant cell tumor of the skull: a report of two cases. PMID- 7121786 TI - Cutaneous implantation metastasis complicating a superficial temporal-middle cerebral artery anastomosis. AB - A 52-year-old patient who underwent a superficial temporal-middle cerebral artery anastomosis subsequently developed an unusual squamous cell carcinoma in the skin overlying the anastomosis. The pathological picture and course of events suggest that this tumor was implanted into deeper tissues at the time of operation. Systematic microscopically controlled operation (Mohs' chemosurgical technique) was required to preserve the anastomosis while completely extirpating the tumor. PMID- 7121783 TI - The principle of dual purpose cranial tongs. PMID- 7121787 TI - Giant serpentine aneurysm of the posterior cerebral artery. AB - We are reporting an unusual case of a giant serpentine aneurysm of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA). We were unable to find a report in the literature of a similar aneurysm. The microsurgical pterional approach was used for temporary clipping of the P-2 segment of the PCA, and the aneurysm was trapped successfully and excised. The discussion includes the operative approach to the giant serpentine aneurysm. PMID- 7121789 TI - Chondromyxoid fibroma of the cervical spine--a case report with a review of the literature and a description of an operative approach to the lower anterior cervical spine. PMID- 7121790 TI - Organization of head injury service in Beijing. AB - Beijing, the capital of the People's Republic of China, is a city with a population of over 10 million. The incidence of head injuries is increasing yearly and the government pays much attention to this social and medical problem. This is evidenced in both county and big city hospitals by the organization of neurosurgeons and general surgeons to serve the victim, by the training of some general surgeons in primary hospitals to handle emergency head injury care, and by the education of the citizens in accident prevention. PMID- 7121788 TI - Tension pneumocephalus after surgical treatment of chronic subdural hematoma: report of three cases. PMID- 7121791 TI - Aneurysm rupture causing subarachnoid hemorrhage. PMID- 7121793 TI - Deficits on subject-ordered tasks after frontal- and temporal-lobe lesions in man. AB - Seventy-nine patients with unilateral frontal- or temporal-lobe excisions and 18 normal control subjects were tested on four self-ordered tasks requiring the organization of a sequence of pointing responses. There were two verbal and two nonverbal tasks. Patients wih excisions from the left frontal lobe exhibited significant impairments on all four tasks, whilst patients with excisions from the right frontal lobe showed deficits only on the two nonverbal tasks. Patients with temporal-love lesions not extending posteriorly, on the medial side, beyond the pes of the hippocampus were unimpaired on all tasks, whereas those with more radical hippocampal excisions exhibited material-specific deficits that varied with the side of the lesion. PMID- 7121795 TI - Praxis and language: the extent and variety of apraxia in aphasia. AB - This quantitative study of apraxia in aphasics establishes the extent and characteristics of apraxia in various aphasic groups, the differences between various categories of praxis, and the correlation between praxis and language parameters. Broca's aphasics have more severe apraxia than Wernicke's aphasics even though their comprehension is significantly better. Apraxia, however, correlates best with comprehension deficit and secondly with the severity of aphasia. Among the nonverbal parameters, drawing shows the highest correlations. Our study confirms the prominence of facial apraxia in Broca's aphasia. Praxis and language are closely related and appear to share the same neural structures. PMID- 7121797 TI - Hemispheric differences for visual search: serial vs parallel processing revisited. AB - Subjects were tachistoscopically presented with arrays of two, three or four stimuli to the right or left hemisphere and judged whether all of the items were the same or whether one was physically different from the rest. Separate groups of right-handed subjects viewed letters of featurally similar symbols as stimuli items. Faster and more accurate responding was obtained for left hemisphere presentations for bot same and different response judgments. Response time was independent of array size, with same judgments made faster than different judgments for both visual field conditions. Extensive practice shortened reaction time and decreased error rate, but did not change the pattern of hemisphere or judgment effects. Virtually identical results were observed for both stimulus conditions. These findings suggest that the left hemisphere can process information in parallel when the task situation requires featural analysis of stimulus materials. PMID- 7121796 TI - [Right hemisphere lesion and directional indication in a visuoconstructive task]. AB - We test the hypothesis that the divergences between Hecaen and Assal (1970) and Gianotti et al (1977) as regards the efficiency of indications supplied together with drawings to patients with unilateral lesion are due to the topological or directional nature of these indicators. We submit subjects with cerebral damage to a test involving copying cubes and non-significant drawings by opposing these two types of indication and also resorting to the procedure of Pillon and Lhermitte (1978). The results demonstrate that the topological or directional character of the indicators used can account for the differences between these two sets of findings. Finally, the results tend to show that the left hemisphere basically controls the manipulatory or executive side of the visuo-constructive task, whilst the right takes over its executive and perceptive aspects in conjunction. PMID- 7121798 TI - Contrast sensitivity functions and specific reading disability. AB - Contrast sensitivity functions for normal and specifically disabled readers were measured in two experiments. Each study showed that specifically disabled readers and controls differ in the pattern of relative sensitivity across spatial frequencies. Both studies provide evidence of differences between normal and disabled readers on measures of visual mechanisms fundamental to the reading process. PMID- 7121792 TI - Amnesia: a disconnection syndrome? AB - An attempt is made to account for the ability of severely amnesic patients to learn and retain certain tasks but not others. The hypothesis is advanced that the amnesic subject can show learning through facilitation by repetition or of simple S-R relationships not requiring cognitive mediation. Three examinations are reported. The first demonstrates that the amnesic subjects have adequate speed of access to semantic and phonological knowledge and show the same degree of improvement on retesting as controls. The second and third experiments examine different degrees of cognitive mediation in paired-associate learning. Amnesic subjects are differentially impaired relative to controls on "distant" pairs and on those that, by hypothesis, would benefit from cognitive mediation. The results are discussed in terms of a disconnection syndrome. It is suggested that at the functional level, a "cognitive mediational memory system" and a semantic memory system are disconnected in the amnesic patient. Neuropathological evidence suggests that temporal lobe and frontal lobe structures are disconnected by pathways in the fornix-mammillary body route. PMID- 7121794 TI - Left hemisphere damage and selective impairment of auditory verbal short-term memory. A case study. AB - The case of a left-hemisphere damaged patient with an impairment of auditory verbal memory span is described. The neuropsychological study showed a dissociation between short-term and long-term auditory verbal memory, which may be attributed to a selective defect of auditory verbal short-term memory. Since a tachistoscopic study displayed a short-term memory superiority of the left hemisphere, it can be argued that the performance for visual verbal stimuli may still be held by the left hemisphere, albeit computerized tomography showed a left-hemisphere lesion involving the whole language area. PMID- 7121799 TI - Differences among humans in steady-state evoked potentials: evaluation of alpha activity, attentiveness and cognitive awareness of perceptual effectiveness. AB - We examined some of the variables that were possible sources of the wide variability among and within human subjects in their steady-state visual evoked potentials (VEP) in response to continuously counter-phased visual stimuli (vertical bars). We found that within a given subject the magnitude of VEP was reasonably consistent during replicate trials under comparable conditions. However, across subjects there were enormous differences (as much as 17-fold) in the VEP magnitude (i.e. in the spectral power developed at the stimulus reversal frequency). These differences could not be explained by differences among subjects in arousal (alpha activity before or during stimulation), attentiveness (as indicated by reaction times to random cueing), or by a person's subjective impression of his responsiveness to stimulation. PMID- 7121800 TI - Is handwriting posture associated with differences in motor control? An analysis of asymmetries in the readiness potential. AB - Levy and Reid's [1] hypothesis that persons who write using the inverted posture have ipsilateral control of distal limb movements, particularly those involved in handwriting, was tested in three experiments in which asymmetries in the readiness potential (RP) were measured. In the first experiment, each subject executed a self-paced repetitive squeeze. Contralaterally larger RPs were recorded from all subjects, irrespective to handwriting posture. In two other experiments, subjects performed the self-paced squeeze in one condition and wrote a single word repetitively in an analogous condition. Larger RPs were recorded over the contralateral cerebral hemisphere in most inverted-writing subjects in both conditions. Ipsilaterally larger RPs were recorded, however, from some left handers while writing. These findings suggest that, although control of certain movements may originate from the ipsilateral motor cortex in a small proportion of left-handers, handwriting posture does not index this difference. PMID- 7121801 TI - Sex differences in cerebral lateralization in 3- and 4-year old children. AB - Following a procedure described by Jones [12, 13] boys and girls, 3 and 4 yr of age, were required to identify the sex of male and female faces tachistoscopically presented to the right and left visual fields. The results were in close conformity to those obtained with adults [12, 13]. Boys showed a strong and consistent right visual field advantage in accuracy. Girls showed no strong field advantage. It is argued cerebral lateralization remains constant across development. Theoretical issues relating to sex differences in cerebral lateralization are discussed. PMID- 7121802 TI - Ear asymmetry for chord recognition in musicians and nonmusicians. PMID- 7121803 TI - Intonation in Broca's aphasia. AB - The intonation contours of the sentence "Construisons notre maison" produced by a group of Broca's aphasic patients were compared to those of this same sentence produced by a group of normal speakers. It was found that the Broca's aphasic patients demonstrated significantly restricted ranges of intonation when compared to the productions of the normal subjects. Different possible underlying mechanisms for this intonation compression are then discussed. PMID- 7121804 TI - The verb-right strategy in agrammatic aphasia. PMID- 7121805 TI - Effects of hemispace on concurrent task performance. PMID- 7121806 TI - Development of a mathematical model of the cervical spinal canal and its use in detecting early pathologic changes. AB - Detection of subtle osseous changes on plain film roentgenograms of the cervical spine is essential in expediting the evaluation of suspected intraspinal tumors. It is our experience that the earliest osseous changes in such cases involve thinning or erosion of the adjacent pedicles and/or lamina and a subsequent increase in the oblique diameter of the cervical spinal canal. A statistical model is established which accurately describes the normal cervical vertebral column in terms of its spinal canal size (sagittal and oblique diameters) as well as pedicle and lamina thickness. Data was obtained from a series of 86 normal exams. Six surgically proven cases of cervical intraspinal tumors were analyzed using this model. Variations from expected normal values reveal statistically significant osseous changes involving thinning of the lamina and increased oblique diameter of the spinal canal, while the sagittal diameter of the canal remains normal. Because of these findings we feel that oblique cervical spine films should be included in the initial evaluation of neural canal tumors. PMID- 7121807 TI - CT scan of dural arteriovenous fistulas. AB - CT was performed on ten cases of dural intracranial arteriovenous fistulas. There were 3 fistulas of the transverse sinus draining directly into the homolateral jugular vein; 2 fistulas of the sinus with distal occlusion of the sinus and back flow into the cortical veins (one was on the transverse sinus, the other on the sagittal sinus); 2 fistulas of the middle fossa; 3 fistulas with direct venous drainage into the cortical veins, one of these forming a tumor process in the posterior fossa. Osseous abnormalities were seen in only one case. Cerebral CT abnormalities, such as patchy or vermicular enhancement, were seen in all the cases with fistulas draining into the cerebral veins. Cerebral CT was normal in cases of fistulas of the sinus without back flow into the cerebral veins. PMID- 7121808 TI - Iohexol compared to urografin meglumine in cerebral angiography. A randomized, double blind cross-over study. AB - In a double blind cross-over study the non ionic, water soluble contrast medium iohexol has been compared to Urografin Meglumine by angiography in common carotid artery and vertebral artery. More subjective adverse effects were generally seen with Urografin than with iohexol and statistically there were significantly less changes in heart rate after iohexol but no significant changes in the intra arterial recorded blood pressure. PMID- 7121809 TI - Cerebral angiography with the non-ionic water-soluble contrast medium iohexol and meglumine-Ca-metrizoate. A randomized double blind parallel study in man. AB - A double blind study was carried out to evaluate safety, tolerability and visualization quality of the non-ionic contrast medium Iohexol compared to Meglumine-Ca-Metrizoate (Isopaque Cerebral) for cerebral angiography. The two contrast media were found equal in most respects. A slight increase in systolic blood pressure following Meglumine-Ca-Metrizoate injections and a slight decrease in diastolic blood pressure following Iohexol were statistically significant. Tachycardia following injections of Meglumine-Ca-Metrizoate in the aortic arch was also significant and may indicate more discomfort from this medium, although no difference was found in patient interviews. The changes in blood pressure and heart rate were small and of no clinical importance. PMID- 7121810 TI - Immediate and late effects of ventricular shunting in infantile hydrocephalus. AB - This paper analyzes our findings in a series of 1900 CT examinations carried out on 950 children after ventricular drainage. Blood in the ventricles is a relatively frequent findings in the immediate postoperative course, and gliotic or poroencephalic phenomena are often found in the late course. Persistence of ventricular dilatation and periventricular lucency has been observed several times. Extracerebral collections and septic complications are not rare findings, but trapped fourth ventricle and choroidal-ependymal reactions are only rarely observed. PMID- 7121811 TI - CT findings in malignant meningiomas. AB - Recurrent meningiomas are due usually to incomplete removal as in the case of basal meningiomas where the tumour surrounding vessels and nervous structures cannot be completely excised. Recurrent meningiomas of the convexity are rare after resection. In most recurrent cases histological changes are noted which may explain the rapid growth, the aggressive nature and also the malignancy of the tumour. These changes include increased mitotic activity, necrosis and invasion of the adjacent brain parenchyma. CT findings in malignant meningiomas are related to the microscopic appearance of these tumours: tumoral necrosis determines heterogeneous enhancement; brain invasion explains the irregular outline of the tumour and sometimes the absence of surrounding low attenuation area. The authors report 5 malignant meningiomas in which the CT findings are correlated with the microscopic findings. PMID- 7121812 TI - Radiation induced meningiomas. PMID- 7121813 TI - Cerebral computed tomography in newborn children with large retinal hemorrhages. AB - Cerebral computed tomography was performed in 10 neonates with large retinal hemorrhages compared with a control group of 10 full-term neonates without such hemorrhage. No signs of intra-cranial hemorrhage were found. The cerebral ventricles were poorly visualized in both groups. Periventricular low attenuation areas was a frequent finding in both groups. PMID- 7121814 TI - Invasive orbital pseudotumor--CT demonstration of extension beyond orbit. AB - Two cases of orbital pseudotumor are described with computed tomographic (CT) studies showing extension of the pseudotumor beyond the confines of the bony orbit. In one patient with orbital pseudotumor involving the medial rectus muscle, the pseudotumor extended through the medial wall of the orbit into the ethmoid sinus. A second patient had extension of orbital pseudotumor into the infraorbital fissure causing enlargement of the infraorbital fissure and foramen. Both lesions were confirmed by biopsy. PMID- 7121815 TI - Aspergillosis of the lung with osteoclasis and paraplegia. PMID- 7121816 TI - Cerebral candidiasis: CT studies in a case of brain abscess and granuloma due to Candida albicans. AB - The CT features of a young female patient suffering from systemic candidiasis with intracerebral manifestation are reported. The definite diagnosis was made by spinal fluid cultures. The diffuse granulomatous lesions as well as an abscess formation remitted after specific therapy with 5-fluorocytosine and amphotericin B for now more than 1 year. In contrast to reports of other cases with mycosis of the central nervous system this case of candidiasis shows lesions of primarily increased attenuation coefficients. PMID- 7121817 TI - Positional occlusion of the vertebral artery: a rare cause of embolic stroke. PMID- 7121818 TI - NMR imaging of the brain. AB - The basic features of an NMR imaging system are outlined and three pulse sequences which produce images with varying dependence on proton density T1 and T2 are described. The first of these sequences, Repeated Free Induction Decay produces images which demonstrate changes in proton density as well as flow effects. The second sequence, Inversion-recovery, produces images which are dependent on T1 and show a high level of grey, white matter contrast giving considerable anatomical detail. In addition pathological processes such as infarction, haemorrhages, demyelination and malignancy, produce changes in T1 enabling lesions to be localised. The third sequence, Spin-echo, produces images which are dependent on T2. These show very little grey, white matter contrast but demonstrate acute and space occupying lesions as well as cerebral oedema. The high level of grey, white matter contrast, lack of bone artefact, variety of sequences, capacity for multiplanar imaging, sensitivity to pathological change and lack of known hazard make NMR an important addition to existing techniques of neurological diagnosis. PMID- 7121819 TI - Intracranial intravenous digital subtraction angiography. AB - Intravenous digital subtraction angiography (iDSA) promises to significantly alter the use of conventional cerebral angiography in the workup of neurological patients. Understanding its diagnostic potential and its limitations are important in incorporating this new examination into the diagnostic thought process of neuroradiologic tests. Different image processing techniques such as integration of mask and contrast images promise to improve image quality for neuroradiologic application. At present, iDSA is suitable for the diagnosis and follow-up of vascular lesions (atherosclerosis, aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, venous sinus occlusion), and tumor (meningioma). Although limited, the spatial resolution of iDSA studies is capable of demonstrating diffuse vascular disease such as arteritis and vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. In some patients in conjunction with the CT scan, iDSA may prove sufficient as the primary and only diagnostic angiographic test necessary, supplanting conventional angiography. PMID- 7121821 TI - Intracranial tumours in the first year of life. AB - Twenty-five infants with histologically verified brain tumours presenting during the first year of life and diagnosed by computed tomography (CT) were studied. The clinical features are presented, the results of surgery assessed and the CT findings analysed and compared with the macroscopic appearance of the tumours. Since the introduction of CT, the number of intracranial tumours diagnosed in infancy has increased, particularly in the supratentorial location. In our study, astrocytomas were the most common, followed by choroid plexus papillomas, ependymomas and primitive glial tumours. At diagnosis, many tumours had become large, but usually had a well-defined edge, suggesting expansion rather than infiltration. The CT features generally corresponded to the macroscopic appearance of the tumours. The operative mortality in the series was 20%. PMID- 7121820 TI - Contrast enhancement of cerebral infarcts. Incidence and clinical value in different states of cerebral infarction. AB - Information obtained from CT scan after contrast administration was evaluated in 59 consecutive stroke patients. CT scans before and after contrast administration were performed 3 days and 2 1/2 weeks after stroke. A plain CT scan was repeated 6 months later. Contrast enhancement was practically not seen on the first examination, but was seen in 46% on the second examination. There was a close relationship between the occurrence of contrast enhancement and the socalled "fogging effect". Contrast scanning gave additional information only when this effect was present. Plain CT scans 3 days after stroke were superior to contrast scans taken at any time for detecting and visualizing cerebral infarcts. PMID- 7121822 TI - Computed tomography in spastic cerebral palsy. AB - Eighty-three children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) were examined with cranial CT. In 56 cases the CT findings were abnormal. The most frequent abnormality was atrophy, present in 44 patients. The frequency of pathologic CT increased with severity of the CP. Patients with CP of postnatal aetiology more often had abnormal CT than patients with other known causes. Pathologic CT findings were seen more often in patients with seizures than in patients without. Infarctions and hemiatrophy were much more frequent in patients with hemiplegia than in patients with other types of spastic CP. A special kind of central atrophy, called isolated atrophy around in the cella media, is described. This condition was seen in 20% of cases, most often in hemi- and paraplegic patients. Early infarctions in the border areas between the vascular territories of the internal carotid and the posterior cerebral artery may be the reason for this kind of atrophy. PMID- 7121823 TI - Collection of gas within a huge chromophobe adenoma. A case report. PMID- 7121825 TI - Topographical organization of the brainstem afferents to the lateral posterior pulvinar thalamic complex in the cat. AB - Following stereotaxic injections of horseradish peroxidase in the dorsal thalamus of the cat which were restricted to the lateralis posterior-pulvinar complex, labelled neurons were found in the superficial layers of the superior colliculus and in the brainstem. The retrogradely-filled cells of the brainstem were situated principally in the nucleus tegmenti pedunculopontinus, the locus coeruleus complex, the parabrachial nuclei and the dorsal tegmental nucleus of Gudden; in each case, labelled cells were more numerous on the ipsilateral side. In addition, some scattered neurons were observed in the central grey matter, the mesencephalic reticular formation, the central superior and dorsal raphe nuclei, the cuneiform nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis, the nucleus praepositus hypoglossi and the oculomotor nuclei. The differential organization of these projections were observed. It is concluded that the rostrointermediate subdivision of the lateralis posterior-pulvinar complex receives most of its connections from the nucleus tegmenti pedunculopontinus, from the deep layers of the superior colliculus and from the other brainstem nuclei, while the caudal subdivision (extrageniculate visual subdivision) receives its main projection from the superficial layers of the superior colliculus. The findings may have functional implications for the role of the complex in oculomotor control. PMID- 7121824 TI - The cells of origin of the trigeminothalamic, trigeminospinal and trigeminocerebellar projections in the cat. AB - Using the retrograde horseradish peroxidase technique, we have examined the distribution of labeled thalamic-, spinal- and cerebellar-projecting neurons in the trigeminal sensory nuclei of the cat. Injections into the nucleus ventralis posterior of the thalamus resulted in labeling of neurons in lamina I (subnucleus zonalis), the deeper part of lamina IV (the subnucleus magnocellularis) of the nucleus caudalis and in lamina V (the lateral extension of the nucleus medullae oblongatae centralis) on the contralateral side. A very large number of labeled small neurons were observed mainly in the caudal part of the nucleus interpolaris and in the ventral division of the principal sensory nucleus on the contralateral side and in the dorsal division of the principal sensory nucleus on the ipsilateral side. Injections into the known projection areas of the cerebellar cortex labeled mainly ipsilaterally the trigeminocerebellar neurons in a restricted ventrolateral area of lamina IV of the nucleus caudalis at its rostral level and in lamina V. Many labeled neurons were also observed in the nucleus interpolaris. Although the distribution overlapped with that of the trigeminothalamic neurons, the greatest majority were concentrated in its rostral part where the trigeminothalamic neurons were very small in number. In addition, labeled neurons were observed in the rostral part of the nucleus oralis and the ventralmost part of the ventral division of the principal sensory nucleus. No labeled neurons were observed in the dorsal division of the principal sensory nucleus and the mesencephalic nucleus. The trigeminospinal neurons were labeled mainly ipsilaterally following injections into the upper cervical cord. They were located in laminae I and III, the deeper part of lamina IV of the nucleus caudalis and in lamina V. Only scattered labeled neurons were found in the nucleus interpolaris. The number of labeled neurons increased in the nucleus oralis at the level of the superior olive. They tended to be distributed around or dorsal to the group of the trigeminothalamic neurons at the caudal part of the principal sensory nucleus. No neurons of the principal sensory nucleus appeared to project to the spinal cord. Based on the large size and location, the trigeminospinal neurons could be differentiated from the other projection neurons in the nucleus oralis. The present study demonstrates that the trigeminal sensory nuclei are composed of groups of neurons with different projections, since the main aggregations are localized at different levels. However, it should be examined whether the neuronal groups, which are labeled from the different structures in similar locations, are composed of individual neurons projecting to more than one of these structures. PMID- 7121826 TI - An ultrastructural study of cortical remodeling in cytosine arabinoside induced granuloprival cerebellum in tissue culture. AB - Mouse-derived cerebellar explants were exposed for 5 days to cytosine arabinoside, an inhibitor of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis. They were then maintained in normal nutrient medium until fixation for electron microscopy at 15 20 days in vitro. The cerebellar cortex lacked granule cells, but Purkinje cells, Golgi neurons and a few basket and stellate cells survived. Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes were diminished in number and myelination was absent. Purkinje cell recurrent axon collaterals increased in number and formed synapses with the surviving cortical neurons and their processes. The ultrastructural alterations that occurred in the cytosine arabinoside-treated cultures were consistent with an interpretation of cortical remodeling in which Purkinje cell axon collaterals were the dominant inhibitory elements. PMID- 7121827 TI - Light- and electron-microscopic characterization of electrophysiologically identified, horseradish peroxidase-injected magnocellular neuroendocrine cells in goldfish preoptic nucleus. AB - We recorded intracellularly from neurons in the goldfish preoptic nucleus which were antidromically identified by electrical stimulation of the pituitary gland and marked by intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase for subsequent localization. At the light-microscopic level, labeled neurons resembled profiles of Golgi-impregnated neurons and lay in the magnocellular portion of the preoptic nucleus. Densely labeled axons and dendrites projected to the lateral forebrain bundle, the medial forebrain bundle, fiber tracts in the preoptico-hypophysial tract, small blood vessels and capillaries, the ependymal lining of the third ventricle and toward the preoptic neurons. Occasionally, a lightly-labeled, large perikaryon lay adjacent to a large, heavily-labeled magnocellular neuron. Ultrastructural examination of these identified cells revealed dense reaction product in neuronal perikarya and processes. Heavily labeled perikarya had elaborate networks of endoplasmic reticulum, extensive Golgi apparatus, occasional somatic spines and infrequent axo-somatic contacts from unlabeled neurons. These labeled perikarya which were frequently in close somatic apposition with unlabeled profiles were sometimes adjacent to a large, lightly labeled perikaryon. A thin glial sheath separated most labeled neurons and processes from brain capillary endothelium. Labeled dendrites had heavily labeled spines and axo-dendritic contacts from unlabeled neurons. Labeled axons abutted unlabeled-axons and -dendrites. Synaptic boutons innervating labeled structures always contained small clear synaptic vesicles and some boutons also contained large dense-core vesicles. These results demonstrate the complex connections of goldfish preoptic magnocellular neuroendocrine cells with other neurons, fiber systems, brain capillaries, ventricular ependyma and the pituitary and provide further support for non-endocrine as well as endocrine functions of magnocellular neurons. PMID- 7121828 TI - The topography of gangliosides in the membrane of the chromaffin granule of bovine adrenal medulla. AB - We have studied the topography of the gangliosides of the adrenal chromaffin granules by using neuraminidase to remove sialic acid from membrane gangliosides of intact and ruptured chromaffin granules. Residual sialic acid was then measured to compare the availability of gangliosides on the outer and inner surfaces of the membrane. Measurement of protein sialic acid served as a control since these residues are known to be on the inner surface of the membrane. Prolonged digestion of broken membranes showed that maximally 75% of both lipid and protein-bound sialic acid residues are available to neuraminidase. Prolonged digestion of intact granules produced no measureable loss of sialic acid from either protein or lipid fractions. Comparison of the thin-layer chromatograms of gangliosides extracted from digested and undigested membranes showed no preferential digestion of any component. We conclude that at least 75% of the gangliosides are on the inner leaflet of the membrane and suggest that all of the gangliosides are so located. PMID- 7121829 TI - Membrane retrieval by vacuoles after exocytosis in the neural lobe of Brattleboro rats. AB - The possible role of microvesicles and vacuoles in the recapture of membrane after pituitary hormone release by exocytosis has been studied in homozygous Brattleboro rats. These mutant animals are unable to synthesize vasopressin and exhibit a steady state hypersecretion of oxytocin from the neural lobe as a result of the osmotic imbalance caused by their diabetes insipidus. This can be converted to a second steady state which approximates to the rate of secretion found in normal Long Evans rats by the administration of exogenous vasopressin daily for 30 days. In the Brattleboro rat, presumptive oxytocinergic nerve endings contain typical 160-170 nm diameter neurosecretory granules; other magnocellular nerve endings contain a population of smaller (approximately 100 nm diameter) dense-cored granules. The number of dense-cored granules was reduced in both types of nerve ending in the hypersecreting Brattleboro rats, but increased as a result of vasopressin treatment to levels which, for the classical neurosecretory granules, approximated that found in Long Evans rats. The microvesicle population of the nerve endings was essentially similar in quantitative terms in all the three groups (i.e. hypersecreting Brattleboro rats; vasopressin-treated Brattleboro rats and Long Evans controls). The number of vacuoles, on the other hand, was increased in nerve endings in the hypersecreting animals but reduced to levels found in Long Evans rats in the Brattleboro animals treated with vasopressin. Furthermore, the size of the vacuoles was comparable to the size of the dense-cored granules contained in the nerve endings. These changes in the vacuole population are exactly those that would be predicted for an organelle responsible for recapture of the granule membrane. We therefore conclude that membrane retrieval after exocytosis of neurosecretory granules in the neural lobe is achieved by vacuoles and that these organelles probably retrieve the membrane of the granule intact. PMID- 7121830 TI - Topographical representation of vestibulo-ocular reflexes in rabbit cerebellar flocculus. AB - In anaesthetized albino rabbits, the cerebellar flocculus was systematically mapped with a glass microelectrode to identify the location of Purkinje cells that inhibit specific vestibulo-ocular reflex pathways. The effects of microstimulation of the flocculus Purkinje cell layer on vestibular nerve-evoked reflexes to ipsilateral medial rectus, ipsilateral superior rectus and contralateral inferior oblique muscles were explored by recording electromyographically. Visual climbing fibre inputs to the flocculus were also studied by mapping field potentials evoked from both retinae. The results suggest that there are microzones in the flocculus that are related specifically to these three vestibulo-ocular reflex pathways and to different visual climbing fibre pathways. PMID- 7121831 TI - The cerebellar projections to the superior colliculus and pretectum in the cat: an autoradiographic and horseradish peroxidase study. AB - Efferent projections from the cerebellar nuclei to the superior colliculus and the pretectum have been studied using both retrograde and orthograde labeling techniques in the cat. In order to identify what parts of the cerebellar nuclei project to the superior colliculus and the pretectum, the retrograde horseradish labeling technique was employed. In another set of experiments, tritiated amino acids were injected into each of the cerebellar regions from which the cerebello tectal and cerebello-pretectal projections arise, and the laminar and spatial distributions of orthograde labeling in the superior colliculus and the pretectum were compared. The results showed that the cerebello-tectal projections arise from two different regions of the cerebellar nuclei: the caudal half of the medial nucleus and the ventrolateral part of the posterior interposed nucleus. Fibers arising from the medial nucleus distribute bilaterally in the superficial zone of the intermediate gray layer in the superior colliculus, while those originating from the posterior interposed nucleus terminate contralaterally in the deeper aspect of the intermediate gray layer and in the deep gray and white layers. Although the lateral nucleus does not contribute to the cerebello-tectal projection, it projects profusely to the pretectum contralaterally. The origin of the cerebello-pretectal projection lies in the parvicellular part of the lateral nucleus. Among several pretectal nuclei, the posterior pretectal, the medial pretectal nucleus and the reticular part of the anterior pretectal nucleus receive the cerebellar afferents. The findings of the differential projections from the cerebellum to the superior colliculus and the pretectum suggest that the cerebellum exerts a regulatory influence on visuo-motor and somato-motor transfer in these midbrain structures by differential circuits. PMID- 7121832 TI - Neocortical and basal telencephalic origins of the anterior commissure of the cat. AB - The neocortical and basal telencephalic origins of the anterior commissure of the cat have not been described in earlier studies of the great cerebral commissures. In this anatomical study, all cerebral commissures, except the anterior commissure, of twelve cats were first transected. Subsequent unilateral injections of large quantities of horseradish peroxidase throughout the right hemisphere revealed the entire origins of the three branches of the anterior commissure in the left hemisphere. Since the anterior commissure was the only interhemispheric fibre system remaining, only the cells, fibres and anterogradely labelled terminals of the anterior commissure were labelled by horseradish peroxidase in the uninjected hemisphere. Approximately three-quarters of the neurons of the anterior commissure are in the neocortex, mostly in layers V and VI. These neocortical cells occupy an extensive field stretching from gyrus proreus to the posterior ectosylvian gyrus and from the rhinal sulcus to the suprasylvian sulcus. Other fibres of the anterior commissure, however, were found to have their cell bodies in regions not considered part of the neocortex, and these included the anterior olfactory nucleus, the pyriform cortex, olfactory tubercles, nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract, part of the amygdaloid nuclei, the periamygdaloid nucleus and the lateral entorhinal area. Finally, it was found that the fibres of the anterior commissure do not have an exclusive neocortical territory from which cells of other commissural fibres are excluded. Rather, there appears to be a substantial overlap between the field of origin of fibres of the anterior commissure and those of the largest cerebral commissure, the corpus callosum. The disposition of this field may help to explain why visual information fails to transfer between the hemispheres in cats whose corpus callosum has been cut, in contrast to the success of such transfer in primates. PMID- 7121833 TI - Cell proliferation in denervated muscle: time course, distribution and relation to disuse. AB - The effects of denervation on skeletal muscle fibers have been intensively investigated, but the effects on other cell types within muscle tissue are not well understood. In the present experiments, cell proliferation was analyzed in mouse extensor digitorum longus muscles denervated for periods of one day to six weeks. Incorporation of tritiated thymidine into DNA increased 36 h after denervation, reached a maximum at a level twenty times control at 4 days, and returned towards control values by 7 days. Incorporation first increased in the endplate area, but 12 h later involved the entire muscle. Six weeks after denervation, muscles labeled at 4 days had lost 90% of the total label. Muscle disuse, produced by tetrodotoxin block of the nerve for up to 4 days, did not result in a proliferative response. Thus, cell proliferation after denervation is not a response to simple disuse, but rather to a nerve- or muscle-related mitogen. Since the response is mostly distributed throughout the entire muscle, the mitogen probably emanates from muscle fibers. PMID- 7121834 TI - Development and modifiability of the cerebral cortex. PMID- 7121835 TI - Early developmental events: cell lineages, acquisition of neuronal positions, and areal and laminar development. PMID- 7121836 TI - Cellular differentiation: development of dendritic arborizations under normal and experimentally altered conditions. PMID- 7121837 TI - Functional development of frontal association cortex in monkeys: behavioural and electrophysiological studies. PMID- 7121838 TI - Development and plasticity of somatosensory cortex. PMID- 7121839 TI - Cortical transplants: model for the study of maturation of neuronal specificity. PMID- 7121840 TI - Neuronal development and plasticity of association cortex in primates. PMID- 7121841 TI - Development of interhemispheric cortical connections. PMID- 7121842 TI - Modifiability of visual cortex under sensory deprivation. PMID- 7121843 TI - Age-related changes in the human forebrain. PMID- 7121844 TI - Estradiol-induced mitotic inhibition in the bursa of fabricius of male domestic duckling. PMID- 7121845 TI - Morphometric study of the reversibility of pancreas alterations in rats submitted to hypervitaminosis A. PMID- 7121847 TI - Effect of corticoid administration and osmotic disturbances on the adrenocortical homologue (AH) of a freshwater catfish, Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch). PMID- 7121848 TI - Surface characteristics of Penicillia conidia an electron microscopical investigation. PMID- 7121850 TI - Electron microscopical cytochemistry of succinate dehydrogenase activity in light and dark-adapted retinas. PMID- 7121846 TI - [Application of a new SEM-freeze preparation technique for morphological and ontogenetical investigations in plants]. PMID- 7121849 TI - Structures imitating myocytes and pericytes in corrosion casts of terminal blood vessels. A methodical approach to the phenomenon of "plastic strips" in SEM. PMID- 7121851 TI - Adrenocortical responses to prolactin in chicks. PMID- 7121852 TI - An improved freeze-fracturing procedure preventing contamination artifacts at fracturing temperatures below 163 K (-110 degrees C) in an unmodified Balzers unit. PMID- 7121853 TI - [A contribution to the preparation for electronmicroscopic investigations of cuticular wax of plant leaves]. PMID- 7121854 TI - [Treatment of benign esophageal stenosis with esophagectomy without thoracotomy]. PMID- 7121855 TI - [Superficial gastric cancer and cancer developing from an ulcer. Nosographic and clinico-therapeutic aspects]. PMID- 7121856 TI - [Primary adenocarcinoma of the appendix]. PMID- 7121858 TI - [4000 intra-operative cholangiographic examinations]. PMID- 7121857 TI - [Portal thromboses]. PMID- 7121859 TI - [Acute pancreatitis. Retrospective study of 30 cases]. PMID- 7121860 TI - [Angiographic control of porto-systemic anastomoses]. PMID- 7121861 TI - [In-vivo study of human platelet aggregation in an ischemic area]. PMID- 7121864 TI - [Rare arteriopathies: so-called idiopathic arteritis]. PMID- 7121863 TI - [Psychological aspects of plastic surgery]. PMID- 7121862 TI - [An infrequent complication of axillo-femoral bypass: disinsertion of the prosthesis]. PMID- 7121865 TI - [Diversion of intrahepatic portal flow in hepatic contusions]. PMID- 7121866 TI - [Hemobilia. Clinico-statistical study]. PMID- 7121867 TI - [Complete interruption of the common bile duct caused by closed injury of the abdomen]. PMID- 7121869 TI - [Giant polyp of the esophagus. Report of a clinical case]. PMID- 7121868 TI - [68 splenectomies of traumatic indication. Diagnostic considerations and operative technic]. PMID- 7121870 TI - A comparison of angiography with oculopneumoplethysmography in carotid artery disease. AB - Oculopneumoplethysmography (OPPG) is a non-invasive method for the detection of carotid artery disease. In order to evaluate this method an OPPG test was performed routinely on 220 patients who were suspected of cerebrovascular disease. Sixty of these patients, selected on clinical grounds, also underwent angiography and our report deals with this group of patients. They were subdivided in the light of the angiographic findings and the results of the OPPG tests were compared with those of angiography. In 13 patients with a normal angiogram all but one had a normal OPPG test, indicating a specificity of 93%. Three out of 12 patients with a stenosis of less than 60% had an abnormal OPPG test, reflecting hemodynamic alterations in arteries, shown as mildly stenotic by angiography. Thirty-two out of 35 patients with a stenosis of at least 60% or actual occlusion had an abnormal OPPG test indicating a sensitivity of 91%, which increased to 97% with inclusion of carotid compression findings. The hemodynamic significance of the deviating tests in the latter two groups is discussed. OPPG is an easy and simple method of complementing angiography with hemodynamic data in patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIA's) and cerebrovascular accidents (CVA's). It can also be used to screen patients with asymptomatic bruits or vague neurologic complaints, prior to vascular surgery and to follow patients up after carotid endarterectomy. PMID- 7121872 TI - Compartment syndrome of the upper arm. AB - The physical signs of a compartment syndrome of the upper arm are swelling and tenderness, possibly accompanied by functional impairment of all the nerves of the brachial plexus. The most common cause is exposure of the upper limb over a prolonged period to compression by the body-weight against a solid underground. The resulting tissue lesion leads to rhabdomyolysis. Laboratory investigations show an orthotolidin-positive urine reaction (Hemastix), pigmented granular casts in the urinary sediment, together with a markedly elevated level of serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK). The treatment of choice consists of immediate open fasciotomy. The history is given of two patients, in whom a prolonged period of recumbency due to coma caused the development of an upper-arm compartment syndrome. An explanation is offered to account for the rarity of this phenomenon compared to the more frequently encountered compartment syndrome of the lower leg. PMID- 7121871 TI - Surgical problems in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). AB - The surgical technique of implantation of peritoneal catheters for continuous ambulatory dialysis (CAPD) is described and the catheter-related complications are discussed. Our experience with 37 implanted catheters in 27 patients is presented. No mortality was encountered in our series in relation to implantation and CAPD. PMID- 7121873 TI - Treatment of grossly comminuted fractures of the olecranon by excision. AB - Operative reduction with internal fixation for the fractured olecranon is generally considered to be the treatment of choice whenever there is separation of the fragments. In grossly comminuted fractures, however, anatomical reconstruction often cannot be achieved satisfactorily. In such cases excision of the loose fragments of the olecranon and re-attachment of the triceps tendon to the shaft of the ulna offers a better solution when the fracture is proximal to the coronoid process. PMID- 7121874 TI - The inverted papilloma. PMID- 7121875 TI - The retrocaecal appendix: a snake in the grass. PMID- 7121876 TI - [Intestinal neuronal dysplasia: a new nosologic entity]. PMID- 7121877 TI - [The lung in the surgical patient]. PMID- 7121878 TI - [The role of segmental transit time in the large intestine in the diagnosis of severe constipation]. AB - Segmental small and large bowel transit time of 25 healthy volunteers have been studied, as a control group, by means of radio-opaque markers prepared and administered according to an original method. The same study has been subsequently carried out on 37 patients suffering for chronic non organic constipation. The resulting data, though poorly homogeneous, may however, be plotted in 8 classes; each class groups subjects presenting very similar segmental transit time whose changes are less than 4 hours. The first class gathers the 8.1% of the cases, presenting in increased small bowel transit time; the patients of the second class (5.4%) has resulted affected by "right colon constipation syndrome"; another 5.4% of patients, plotted in the third class have shown a permanence time of the markers in the transverse colon of about 190 hours, while the 10.8% fourth class and the 16.2% fifth class have presented a 97 and 150 hours' one respectively. The patients of the sixth class (21.6%) have shown long lasting permanence of markers in the left colon and in the rectum. The 13.5% of cases, gathered in seventh class, has shown an increased transit time through the whole colon, while at last the eight class (19.0% of patients) has resulted affected by dischezia. The described method has thus revealed useful in the study of bowel segmental transit time from a topographic diagnostic point of view. PMID- 7121879 TI - [Effect of antiblastic polychemotherapy (CMF) on the number of circulating monocytes in patients with breast cancer]. AB - The behaviour of the number of circulating monocytes has been studied in 34 patients suffering from breast cancer and subjected to antiblastic polychemotherapy in accordance with the CMF pattern. In 25 patients the absolute number of monocytes fell after treatment, while in 9 it rose. The percentage of monocytopenic patients rose from 29% to 50% of the total series. The pathogenetic mechanisms of this behaviour are discussed and it is emphasized that antiblastic treatment with cytostatic drugs can be included among the causes of monocytopenia. PMID- 7121880 TI - [Muscle transplantation as a means of achieving continence in ano-rectal atresia]. AB - Correction of incontinence as the sequel of a pull-through operation for anorectal atresia, leaving aside cases due to a mistake of the surgical technique, is based on the construction of a new sphincter. This can be done in several ways, using striped, pedicled, denervated, free, or, more recently, smooth muscle. The techniques, objectives, and results are described with reference to the latest data in the literature. PMID- 7121881 TI - [Dupuytren's disease in clinical practice]. AB - The Authors have investigated the incidence of Dupuytren's disease in the field of internal medicine, they have observed a rather high rate in the old people, especially between 60 and 80 years, and point out the significance of metabolic and genetic factors in the pathogenesis and the development of the disease. PMID- 7121882 TI - [Recovery from from Listeria monocytogenes meningitis in an adult]. AB - The authors describe a case of meningitis by Listeria monocytogenes from which the patient, an adult suffering from a chronic lymphatic leukosis, recovered completely. Both the immune-suppressor treatment and the basic lymphoproliferative disease may have given rise to this infective disease. The diagnosis has been obtained by isolating the germ in liquor-cultures. We want to point out the importance of a specific and early antibiotic treatment. PMID- 7121883 TI - [Patients, physicians, pharmacists, hospitals and poisoning in popular songs from Lombardy and Piedmont]. PMID- 7121885 TI - [Lipomas of the uterus]. PMID- 7121886 TI - [Value and limitations of galactography in the study of the secreting breast]. PMID- 7121884 TI - [Tetralogy of Fallot and pregnancy]. PMID- 7121888 TI - [Atypical dysplasia and carcinoma of the portio. Review of colposcopic and cytologic studies in 119 cases]. PMID- 7121889 TI - [Re-epithelialization and the atypical cicatrix in colposcopy. Significance and incidence]. PMID- 7121887 TI - [Influence of the hormonal status induced by estroprogestinic ovariostatic treatment on the diagnostic effectiveness of colpocytological screening of carcinoma of the portio]. PMID- 7121891 TI - [A surgical proposal for the reduction of some psychological hindrances to the use of centers for breast cancer detection]. PMID- 7121892 TI - [Use of the combination of adrenal cortex extract, pyridoxal-5-phosphate, cyanocobalamin and ascorbic acid in the treatment of hypocorticism in pregnancy]. PMID- 7121893 TI - [Correlation between vaginal trichomoniasis, dysplasia and carcinoma of the uterine cervix]. PMID- 7121890 TI - [Prophylactic hysterectomies in heart surgery patients. Formulation of a possible indirect objective in operative gynecology]. PMID- 7121894 TI - Spinal localization of the intercostal motoneurones innervating the upper thoracic spaces. AB - At the rostral level of the thorax, the intercostal muscles participate both in postural and respiratory functions to a variable degree depending upon the considered muscle: external intercostal, intercartilaginous, internal intercostal, and triangularis sterni. In order to determine if these physiological properties are related to a special organization at the spinal cord level, we have used the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase as a tool for studying the spinal distribution of intercostal motor cells in the adult cat. Results suggest that the intercostal motoneurones could be distributed, in the ventral grey horn, among two areas according to the respiratory or postural muscle specialization. PMID- 7121895 TI - Absence of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in some catecholamine-containing sympathetic ganglion cells of the dog: evidence for dopaminergic autonomic neurones. AB - Previous pharmacological and biochemical findings have suggested the presence of dopaminergic vasomotor neurones in the sympathetic outflows to the kidney and the digits of the dog. In the present study, we have used histochemical techniques to compare the distributions of catecholamines and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase-like immunoreactivity in ganglion cell bodies of the sympathetic chain. The results indicate that some neurones in the ganglia supplying the kidney and the hindlimb store a catecholamine but lack dopamine-beta-hydroxylase. This finding supports the existence of dopaminergic sympathetic neurones. PMID- 7121896 TI - Depolymerization of dendritic microtubules following incubation of cortical slices. AB - Electron microscopical examination indicated that incubation of slices of rat cerebral cortex in Krebs buffer at room temperature of 37 degrees C led to a rapid and more or less complete depolymerization of dendritic microtubules. The loss of dendritic microtubules did not appear to be a consequence of anoxia. Myelinated axons showed only a partial loss of microtubules and the microtubules of preterminal axons were unaffected by incubation. These results indicate differential labilities of axonal and dendritic microtubules under these conditions of incubation. Such an effect of the incubation of slices in Krebs buffer indicates a need for caution in the interpretation of experiments on slice preparations. PMID- 7121897 TI - Treatment of chronic pain syndromes with iontophoresis of vinca alkaloids to the skin of patients. AB - Repeated iontophoretic administration of the microtubule inhibitors vinblastine or vincristine to the segmentally related dermatomes of patients suffering from postherpetic, trigeminal and other neuralgias permanently alleviates chronic, autochthonous pain. The beneficial effect of this therapy is probably due to transganglionic degenerative atrophy of primary central sensory terminals in the Rolando substance by blockade of retrograde axoplasmic transport in sensory nerves. PMID- 7121899 TI - Guidelines for neurological consultation. AB - Referral to specialists for care which requires expert knowledge is a common occurrence in primary care. The role of the nurse practitioners is often to make judgments about the need for such referrals, seek appropriate specialists, prepare records and the patient for the referral and maintain contact with patient once expert advice and diagnosis is complete. This article specifically addresses the referral of patients with neurologic problems. Emphasis is placed upon general rules relating to how to refer and how to determine the need for referral. Some common complaints of ambulatory proteins which may need referral such as headache, dizziness the difference between those complaints which need referral and those that do not. PMID- 7121898 TI - Vitamin K, vitamin E and the coumarin drugs. PMID- 7121901 TI - New drugs released in 1980 and 1981. Part 1. PMID- 7121900 TI - Relationship of weight change to required size of vaginal diaphragm. AB - Health care providers are instructed to counsel diaphragm users to return for a re-fitting of the device if there is a change in the patient's weight. Texts on contraception do not give a rationale for this rule. In an effort to explore the effect of weight change on the required size of diaphragm, the charts of 80 diaphragm users were reviewed. All women had at least two visits for diaphragm fitting. A table was constructed with weight and diaphragm size for each subject at each visit. The subjects ranged in age from mid-tens to early forties and all were patients at the same clinic. Chi-square analysis of the data revealed no correlation between weight change and change in diaphragm size. PMID- 7121902 TI - Role stress of nurse practitioners. AB - Joan's situation is illustrative of role stress experienced by many nurse practitioners, especially those working in complex medical organizations. Role stress is inherent among nurse practitioners because of the newness and broad definition of their roles. Implementation of the role is frequently left up to individual practitioners, physicians and employing institutions and may vary from setting to setting. This lack of consensus regarding role expectations can produce dire consequences for both the individual and the organization if left unresolved. Thus, assessment of the sources of role stress can be useful because many stressors can be eliminated or minimized with proper strategies. Elimination of the role stressors has potential for increasing job satisfaction, productivity and perception of health among nurse practitioners. Since much of a practitioner's time is spent alleviating stressors from the lives of patients for improved health and well-being, it seems appropriate for nurse practitioners to practice this philosophy on themselves in their work setting. PMID- 7121903 TI - How Utah NPs obtained prescriptive privileges. PMID- 7121904 TI - Trends in out-of-hospital births. PMID- 7121905 TI - Results of a management protocol for premature rupture of the membranes. AB - The results of a management protocol for women with premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) between 27 and 36 weeks' gestation is presented. Prior to 33 weeks' gestation patients were hospitalized and observed for signs of infection; labor was induced if amnionitis was diagnosed. After 33 weeks patients with vertex presentations underwent elective induction of labor after 16 hours of PROM. Amniocentesis was not performed, corticosteroids were not administered, and tocolysis was not used. The overall perinatal mortality rate was 2.8%. There was only 1 death in the group of 44 patients between 33 and 36 weeks' gestation with PROM for more than 16 hours. This neonate had moderate respiratory distress syndrome and a severe intracranial hemorrhage. The cesarean section rate in the group that underwent labor induction after 16 hours of PROM was 22.7% but only 1 of the 10 operations performed might possibly have been avoided if induction had not been a part of the protocol. In the group of 41 patients managed expectantly but delivered after 16 hours of PROM prior to 33 weeks' gestation, 21.9% were clinically believed to have amnionitis but only 12 neonate had documented sepsis. The implications of these results are discussed. PMID- 7121906 TI - Etiology and outcome of low birth weight and preterm infants. AB - A population of 489 low birth weight infants was studied to identify specific subgroups with high neonatal morbidity and mortality. It was found that 134 (27.4%) of these infants were born at term but were small for gestational age. The other 355 were preterm and contributed most of the mortality and morbidity of the overall population. There was no significant difference in morbidity and mortality between preterm small and appropriate for gestational age infants. The etiologic analyses show that premature rupture of the fetal membranes and maternal-fetal problems are more frequent causes of low birth weight than preterm labor and that they cause significantly more severe neonatal morbidity. It is concluded that only by developing means to improve the outcome of patients with premature rupture of the membranes and maternal-fetal problems will it be possible to decrease significantly the unacceptably high mortality and morbidity of low birth weight infants. PMID- 7121907 TI - Management of post-term pregnancy in a large obstetric population. AB - A practical management protocol to handle the large volume of post-term gestations at the Los Angeles County/University of Southern California Medical Center was introduced and evaluated in 880 patients seen between March 1, 1979, and February 29, 1980. The protocol divided patients into 2 groups based on substantiated "good" or unsubstantiated "poor" obstetric dates. After clinical examinations, the primary screening test used was twice weekly plasma unconjugated estriol (E3) determinations. Antepartum fetal heart rate testing, in the form of nonstress tests, was used initially in the good obstetric dates group, and then done twice weekly only if the E3 value was abnormal (less than 18 ng/ml with good obstetric dates and less than 12 ng/ml with poor obstetric dates). Patients with good obstetric dates were delivered electively at more than 42 weeks' gestation if the cervix was favorable (Bishop score 9 or greater); otherwise, intervention occurred only with abnormal tests and a positive or suspicious contraction stress test, or with other medical indications. Only 8 perinatal losses (3 neonatal deaths and 5 stillbirths) occurred in 880 patients. Each of these patients received a follow-up evaluation: 3 had severe congenital anomalies, and 5 deaths occurred in patients who did not comply with the protocol. The cesarean section rate was 15.8%. PMID- 7121909 TI - Physiologic fetal defecation in midpregnancy. PMID- 7121908 TI - The use of amniotic fluid 3-methyl histidine to creatinine molar ratio for the diagnosis of intrauterine growth retardation. AB - To determine if the amniotic fluid 3-methyl histidine to creatinine molar ratio (3MH:CR) could prove useful for the antepartum detection of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), the 3MH:CR was determined retrospectively in 3 groups of human amniotic fluids. Group A consisted of amniotic fluids from pregnancies yielding IUGR fetuses whose birth weight was less than or equal to the tenth percentile for gestational age; group B consisted of amniotic fluid from pregnancies yielding infants whose birth weight was greater than the tenth but less than or equal to the 25th percentile for gestational age; group C consisted of amniotic fluids from pregnancies yielding infants whose birth weight was greater than the 25th but less than or equal to the 75th percentile for gestational age. The mean 3MH:CR x 10(-3) for groups A, B, and C were 15.9 +/- 1.9, 5.4 +/- 0.8, and 6.2 +/- 0.5, respectively. The mean 3MH:CR x 10(-3) was statistically different between groups A and B (P less than or equal to .001) and between groups A and C (P less than or equal to .001), but not statistically different between the 2 control groups. Employing an upper limit of normal of 8 for the 3MH:CR x 10(-3), 13 of 15 IUGR neonates were correctly identified as IUGR, and 23 of 27 neonates were correctly identified as being of normal birth weight for gestational age (sensitivity 86.7%, specificity 85.2%, incidence of correct diagnosis 85.7%). No consistent relationship was shown to exist between maternal serum and amniotic fluid 3-methyl histidine level. There was no statistically significant relationship between 3MH:CR x 10(-3) and gestational age. The comparison of the data generated in this study to that obtained with previously reported ultrasonic and biochemical techniques suggests that the amniotic fluid 3MH:CR ratio may prove helpful in establishing the antenatal diagnosis of IUGR, particularly in cases where the gestational age is uncertain. PMID- 7121910 TI - Is amniocentesis necessary before elective repeat cesarean section? PMID- 7121911 TI - Routine ultrasound scanning in midpregnancy. PMID- 7121912 TI - Low-dose corticoid therapy for anovulation: effect upon fetal weight. PMID- 7121913 TI - Significance of cervical Chlamydia trachomatis infection in postabortal pelvic inflammatory disease. AB - The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection of the cervix uteri and its possible association with postabortal pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) were investigated in women subjected to first-trimester-induced abortion. None of the women had signs or symptoms of genital infection at the time of abortion. Chlamydia organisms were isolated from the cervix/urethra in 33 (10%) of 333 women. Women with a positive Chlamydia culture were comparable to women with a negative culture in regard to gestational age at the time of abortion. However, Chlamydia-positive women were significantly younger and had gonorrhea more often than Chlamydia-negative women. Two hundred seventy (81%) of the women were followed up 1 month after the abortion. Thirty-two of these developed postabortal PID. Eight (28%) of 29 women with a positive Chlamydia culture and 24 (10%) of 241 women with a negative culture developed postabortal PID. This difference is significant (P less than .025) and indicates that the presence of Chlamydia in the cervical canal at the time of abortion in asymptomatic women increases the risk of postabortal PID. PMID- 7121914 TI - Risk of ectopic pregnancy following tubal sterilization. AB - To determine the impact of tubal sterilization on the overall incidence of ectopic pregnancy, the authors compared reported incidence rates of ectopic pregnancy after tubal sterilization with the rates associated with other contraceptive methods or no contraception. For each contraceptive method they then calculated the cumulative lifetime risk of ectopic pregnancy from the age at which a final contraceptive choice was made. Tubal sterilization was found to be associated with a lower cumulative lifetime risk of ectopic pregnancy than no contraception or use of an intrauterine contraceptive device. Tubal sterilization carries a somewhat higher risk of ectopic pregnancy than do barrier methods of contraception. Oral contraceptives are associated with a much lower ectopic pregnancy for most than any other contraceptive method or no contraception. Overall, however, the risk of an ectopic pregnancy for most women undergoing tubal sterilization in the United States is estimated to be lower than if they had not been sterilized and had continued their previous contraceptive practices. PMID- 7121915 TI - Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. AB - The authors reviewed the records of 50 patients with carcinoma in situ of the vulva seen at the State University of New York at Buffalo affiliated hospitals. Five patients (10%) were found to be immunosuppressed and 12 (24%) had other preinvasive and invasive genital or extragenital neoplasia. Of 43 patients whose symptomatology was available, almost half (46.5%) were asymptomatic. The most common symptom was vulvar itching in 18 (42%), and 32 (65%) patients had white vulvar lesions. Thirteen patients underwent vulvectomy, 23 underwent wide local excision, 8 underwent skinning and skin graft, 3 underwent topical 5-fluorouracil treatment, and 2 underwent CO2 laser treatment. On follow-up there were 6 patients with recurrent and/or persistent disease. Two recurrences followed wide local excision. Topical 5-fluorouracil failed in all 3 patients and CO2 laser failed in 1 of the 2 underwent laser treatment. There were 5 patients with invasive disease. In 3, diagnostic biopsy failed to reveal invasive neoplasia before surgical excision, and invasion was noted after 5-fluorouracil application in one and after CO2 laser treatment in another. All recurrences responded to therapy. In 41 patients followed up for 3 months to 11 years, there were no cancer-related deaths. PMID- 7121916 TI - Cytopathology and the management of early invasive cancer of the uterine cervix. AB - This study was designed to review the effectiveness of cytopathology as it entered into the evaluation of patients with possible microinvasive or early occult carcinoma of the uterine cervix. During the 7-year period of 1971 to 1977, 39 consecutive patients were found for whom either a cytopathologic diagnosis of early invasive carcinoma had been made or suggested, or a histopathologic diagnosis of early invasive carcinoma had been made. After review, 35 patients had an ample number of cytopathologic and histopathologic materials and clinical records to be included in the study. The results of these studies have shown that when cytopathology on review predicted a lesion more severe than carcinoma in situ, it was confirmed by histopathology in more than 78% of patients (22 of 28 cases). In those patients shown by histopathology to have microinvasive or occult invasive carcinoma, the cytopathology reflected it in 87% of patients (27 of 31 cases). In the cases of histologically proved microinvasive carcinoma, the corresponding genital smears either diagnosed or suggested invasive carcinoma in 81% of cases and carcinoma in situ in 19%. From these studies it has been concluded that diagnostic cytopathology is potentially a highly reliable tool when used in conjunction with other modern diagnostic modalities to aid the decision-making in cases of probable early cancer of the uterine cervix. PMID- 7121917 TI - Primary carcinoma of the Bartholin gland: a report of 14 cases and review of the literature. AB - Fourteen cases of primary carcinoma of the Bartholin gland were treated between 1955 and 1980. Follow-up information was available on all patients. Ten patients have survived free of disease for 5 or more years. Three patients with positive inguinal lymph nodes have survived 5 years. Histological patterns and lymph node involvement are analyzed. The authors' data and a review of the literature support the concept that radical vulvectomy with bilateral inguinal-femoral lymphadenectomy is required for all histologic types of Bartholin gland carcinoma. Routine pelvic lymph node dissection is not necessary when the inguinal-femoral nodes are negative for metastases. PMID- 7121918 TI - Hysterography: a 5-year follow-up in patients with endometrial carcinoma. PMID- 7121919 TI - Angina pectoris as a complication of ritodrine hydrochloride therapy in premature labor. PMID- 7121920 TI - Hemoglobin SD disease associated with cholecystitis and cholelithiasis in pregnancy. AB - A black multipara was shown, by hemoglobin electrophoresis, to have hemoglobin SD disease. The patient exhibited a typically mild anemia that probably was secondary to folate and iron deficiencies as well as to hemoglobinopathic hemolysis. The course of her pregnancy was complicated by pyelonephritis and hyposthenuria, both of which have been reported in association with hemoglobin SD disease in pregnancy. The patient also was shown to have acute cholecystitis probably superimposed on a chronic cholelithiasis. This latter complication was probably the result of hemolysis due to hemoglobin SD disease. The patient was treated medically with good results, and, despite poor compliance and heroin addiction, delivered a viable infant at term. PMID- 7121921 TI - Intrauterine pregnancy following transperitoneal migration of the ovum. PMID- 7121922 TI - Metastatic Crohn disease of the vulva. PMID- 7121923 TI - Familial ovarian cancer: increasing in frequency? PMID- 7121924 TI - Betamethasone, albuterol, and threatened premature delivery: benefits and risks. Study of 469 pregnancies. AB - This report details the outcome of pregnancy in 469 patients admitted before 34 weeks' gestation with premature labor with intact membranes (253 patients) or premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) but no labor (216 patients). Betamethasone significantly reduced the incidence of severe respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) both in patients with intact membranes and in those with PROM. PROM had a significant beneficial effect on the incidence of RDS in both groups of patients, those who had received betamethasone and those who had not. Fetal sex did not significantly influence the respiratory response to either PROM or betamethasone administration, except that betamethasone treated female fetuses showed a significantly better response to PROM than similarly treated males. Except in patients with PROM associated with a cervical suture, betamethasone administration did not increase the risk of perinatal or maternal infection. PMID- 7121925 TI - The pharmacokinetics of prophylactic antibiotics administered by intraoperative irrigation at the time of cesarean section. AB - Thirty patients at term undergoing cesarean section received intraoperative irrigation with either cefamandole, cephalothin, or ampicillin to prevent postoperative infection. Serum drug levels were measured at 15, 60 and 120 minutes after completion of irrigation. Serum levels at each sampling interval were highest for cefamandole and lowest for cephalothin. Les than 2% of the total drug dose was excreted in the urine during the first 2 postoperative hours. In most patients, maximum serum antibiotic concentrations exceeded minimal inhibitory concentrations for several recognized pelvic pathogens. It is concluded that the mechanism of action of intraoperative irrigation may in part be due to systemic absorption of antibiotic and not simply to a local effect on the endometrium. Moreover, the degree of systemic absorption may be sufficient to cause allergic drug reactions and to exert selective pressures for the emergence of drug-resistant microorganisms. PMID- 7121926 TI - Large-for-gestational-age neonates: anthropometric reasons for shoulder dystocia. AB - From 1960 to 1980 at Memorial Hospital Medical Center--Miller Children's Hospital, the mean birth weight for term-size neonates increased from 3381 to 3458 g inspite of increases in ethnic groups known to have smaller neonates. More significantly, the incidence of macrosomic neonates (birth weight greater than 4000 g) increased from 7.0 to 10.7%. Because of this marked increase in the incidence of neonatal macrosomia, prospective study was designed to characterize the macrosomic neonate anthropometrically. The results of this study revealed that neonates experiencing shoulder dystocia had significantly greater shoulder to-head and chest-to-head disproportions than did macrosomic neonates delivered by cesarean section for failed progress in labor or macrosomic neonates delivered without shoulder dystocia. In addition, neonates of diabetic mothers also showed significantly greater shoulder-head and chest-head size differences than did neonates of nondiabetic mothers of comparable weight. These data suggest that antenatal ultrasonic measurements to compare chest-head size difference in fetuses suspected to be macrosomic and in diabetic pregnancies could be of value in selecting patients for the appropriate route of delivery. PMID- 7121927 TI - Antepartum fetal evaluation by maternal perception of fetal movement. PMID- 7121928 TI - Fetal heart rate acceleration: fetal movement ratio in the management of high risk pregnancy. AB - The nonstress test (NST) was used as the primary tool in the management of 318 high-risk pregnancies. A simple and reliable method for interpreting the NST is obtained by dividing the total number of fetal heart rate accelerations associated with fetal movements by the total number of fetal movements. This is expressed as a percentage called the acceleration:fetal movement ratio. Fetuses at risk who were delivered within 7 days of the last NST from the basis of this report. The incidence of fetal distress and small-for-gestational-age infants was significantly higher (P less than .05) in 47 fetuses with an acceleration:fetal movement ratio below 10% than in the group with a ratio over 10%. Also, perinatal mortality was more common in this group. The advantages and limitations of applying this quantitative method of interpreting the NST to the management of high-risk pregnancies are discussed. PMID- 7121929 TI - Antepartum fetal heart rate testing in preterm pregnancy. AB - The nonstress test (NST) and the contraction stress test (CST) have had wide application to term pregnancies, but little has been reported of use in the management of preterm fetuses. Seventy-two of 438 high-risk gravidas, receiving both tests between 25 and 34 weeks' gestation, delivered singleton infants before completion of their 34th week. On the basis of the last NST and CST preceding delivery, the 72 fetuses could be divided into reactive-negative and nonreactive positive groups. Nonreactive-positive fetuses experienced greater perinatal mortality and significantly higher rates of intrapartum fetal distress, neonatal depression, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), intrauterine growth retardation, and cesarean section. Pulmonary complications in nonreactive-positive fetuses, regardless of the lecithin: sphingomyelin ratio, were significantly increased if intrapartum fetal distress had preceded delivery. Most neonatal deaths stemmed from RDS-related complications, 86% preceding the 31st week of gestation; however, nearly half of the perinatal deaths before the 30th week followed reactive NSTs. The data suggest that for clinical management of preterm pregnancy, fetal heart rate testing should be initiated after the 29th week; earlier, test significance is less clear and infant survival less likely. Maternal estriol determinations aid little in the management of nonreactive positive fetuses. Rather, the care of these selected pregnancies should be temporized through the 30th week; when delivery is then elected, intrapartum fetal distress should be avoided through liberal use of cesarean section in the nonreactive-positive group. PMID- 7121930 TI - Nonstress test and maternal serum glucose determinations. AB - Serum glucose levels were measured in 50 nondiabetic pregnant women between 33 and 43 weeks' gestation following a nonstress test (NST) to determine the relationship between maternal glucose levels and the results of the NST. Two comparable groups of 25 patients each were formed based on the NST results, reactive and nonreactive. Overall, maternal glucose level for the study population was 71.3 +/- 20.1 mg/dl. Although the difference was not statistically different, the nonreactive NST group did demonstrate slightly higher glucose levels (71.6 +/- 17.3 mg/dl) than did the reactive group (70.9 +/- 17.3 mg/dl). Furthermore, patients studied for suspected intrauterine growth retardation or who had a history of a prior stillbirth and significantly lower (P less than .025) glucose levels than those tested for other indications. These results suggest that there is no correlation between the NST results and maternal serum glucose concentrations in a nondiabetic population. The significantly lower maternal glucose levels observed in intrauterine growth retardation and prior stillbirth groups warrant further investigation. PMID- 7121932 TI - Cone biopsy during pregnancy. AB - Under a diagnostic schema that used cervical conization liberally for evaluating women with abnormal Papanicolaou smears, 82 pregnant patients underwent conization. Fifteen had significant morbidity related to cervical bleeding. The uncorrected perinatal mortality was 44.1/1000. Sixty-one cone biopsies, performed before colposcopy was introduced into the schema, uncovered 2 cases of previously undiagnosed invasive carcinoma. Among 21 patients who underwent colposcopy before conization, 1 case of microinvasive carcinoma was diagnosed. During the study, 15 patients with frankly invasive carcinoma were identified, 9 by punch biopsy of a gross lesion, 2 by cone biopsy without prior colposcopy, and 4 by colposcopically directed punch biopsy. As a result of the review, the diagnostic schema has been changed so that biopsy is used less often on pregnancy patients. PMID- 7121933 TI - Verrucous carcinoma of the vulva: study of 24 cases. AB - The clinicopathologic features of 24 cases of vulvar verrucous carcinoma were reviewed. Based on the absence of lymph node metastasis in 27 patients who underwent radical vulvectomy with lymph node dissection (10 in previous series, 17 in present series), a conservative approach consisting of wide local excision is suggested. Radiotherapy did not aid in prolonging survival. PMID- 7121934 TI - Topical 5-fluorouracil treatment of transformation zone intraepithelial neoplasia of cervix and vagina. AB - The authors present preliminary findings in 11 unselected patients with upper vaginal and/or cervical transformation zone intraepithelial neoplasia treated with a 5% topical 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) cream. Only 6 of 11 patients were found to be cured of disease when subsequently evaluated histologically by conization biopsy and/or hysterectomy. Although further clinical trials using differing concentrations and/or more prolonged exposure to the drug may be warranted, the authors cannot recommend topical 5-FU as a replacement for standard outpatient therapy for upper vaginal and/or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. PMID- 7121935 TI - Fracture frequency and bone preservation in postmenopausal women treated with estrogen. AB - Two hundred eighty-five normal 70-year-old Danish women were divided according to postmenopausal use of gonadal hormones into 3 groups: 1 virtually untreated (3 months or less, N = 231), 1 treated over a short term (4 months to 6 years, N = 36), and 1 treated over a long term (6 years or more, N = 18). The 3 groups had been treated for a median of 0, 6, and 70%, respectively, of their postmenopausal years. The degree of bone loss varied inversely with the duration of postmenopausal hormone treatment. Bone mineral content was 11.8% higher in the long-term treated group than in the untreated group (P less than .05). Likewise, the metacarpal bone mass was 8.5% greater (P less than .01). The number of women with postmenopausal fractures was 13% lower in the long-term treated group than in the untreated group (Difference not significant). Data from this retrospective study present evidence that estrogen protects bones in elderly women. PMID- 7121931 TI - Efficacy and safety of Laminaria digitata for preinduction ripening of the cervix. AB - Twenty-five study patients in whom laminaria tents had been used for the preinduction ripening of the cervix were compared with 28 control patients in a retrospective study. Both groups had comparable indications for induction, parity, mean maternal age, mean birth weight, and gestational age. Although laminaria appeared to be effective in reducing the duration of induction, no difference in the incidence of cesarean birth was apparent between the laminaria and nonlaminaria groups. Maternal endometritis was present in 15 of 25 mothers in the laminaria group, and in 3 of 28 in the control group (P less than .05). All 9 mothers who had cesarean deliveries in the study group had endometritis, whereas it occurred in only 3 of 11 in the control group (P less than .005). Six of the 16 patients in the study group who delivered vaginally had endometritis, whereas none of 17 in the control groups has it (P less than .01). Five of 25 neonates in the study group has sepsis, but there was no evidence of sepsis in the 28 control neonates (P less than .05). Three of the 5 septic neonates died. There were no neonatal deaths in the control group. The findings suggest that laminaria use in associated with significant risk of maternal and neonatal infectious morbidity. PMID- 7121936 TI - Plasma lidocaine levels following paracervical infiltration for aspiration abortion. AB - Convulsive morbidity has been associated with use of local anesthetics in a paracervical block performed for suction curettage. This complication appears to result from toxic blood levels of the local anesthetics employed. To evaluate the time course of lidocaine plasma levels following paracervical infiltration, plasma lidocaine determinations were obtained in 25 patients undergoing suction curettage without laminaria pretreatment and in 24 patients undergoing suction curettage after laminaria pretreatment. Paracervical block was administered using using 90 to 100 mg of lidocaine. Mean plasma lidocaine levels were higher in the laminaria group than in the group without laminaria. No patient reached clinically toxic drug levels. At the dosages employed, paracervical block appears to be a safe anesthetic for suction abortion procedures. PMID- 7121937 TI - Estrogen's role in endometrial cancer. AB - Data reported since 1975 indicate that the natural hormone estrogen may act as a carcinogen when unopposed by an adequate amount of progesterone. Carcinogenesis may proceed when it is present at a high level for a short time. It is generally accepted that 3 groups of women have been at risk of developing cancer from exogenous estrogen exposure: 1) women who took sequential oral contraceptives; 2) post-menopausal women who received estrogen replacement therapy; 3) girls with ovarian dysgenesis who received unopposed estrogen therapy at puberty. Similarly, 4 groups of women appear to be at risk of developing cancer form endogenous estrogen sources: 1) women with granulosa-cell or theca-cell ovarian tumors; 2) anovulatory women; 3) obese postmenopausal women; 4) women with liver disease. The falling incidence of endometrial cancer associated with diminished estrogen sales is the final proof of an association of estrogen exposure with development of disease. PMID- 7121938 TI - Iatrogenic femoral neuropathy subsequent to abdominal hysterectomy: incidence and prevention. AB - In a prospective study femoral neuropathy occurred in 17 of 147 patients who underwent elective total abdominal hysterectomy, resulting in an overall incidence of 11.6%. The neuropathy was associated with the use of self-retaining retractors of various types. No other contributing factors were found. The duration of complaints ranged from 3 to 65 days. Spontaneous recovery did occur in 15 of 17 patients and, although residual sensory symptoms were noted in 2 patients, no serious sequelae have been observed. Knowledge of the problem is mandatory for prevention. Careful use of any self-retaining retractor, especially one with large lateral blades, is recommended. The prognosis usually is fairly good. PMID- 7121939 TI - Neuropathy following paracervical block in the obstetric patient. AB - A distinct clinical syndrome of severe buttock pain radiating down the posterior surface of the ipsilateral leg and subsequent inability to ambulate has recently been recognized. The syndrome may develop in the parturient following a paracervical block. This study analyzes 4 cases from the authors' institution and reviews 2 cases from the literature. Onset of the syndrome ranges from 12 hours to 10 days but progressive improvement and complete recovery are the rule. The cause is believed to be secondary to direct trauma or hematoma formation in the area of the sacral plexus. Pelvic induration or a mass in the sacroiliac area may be noted bur abscess formation is not associated. Prevention is difficult but early recognition will facilitate treatment, which is mostly symptomatic. PMID- 7121940 TI - Geophagia as a cause of maternal death. PMID- 7121942 TI - Computed axial tomography scan demonstration of cerebral edema in eclampsia preceded by blindness. AB - The presence of cerebral edema in the occipital lobes are demonstrated by computed tomography (CT) in a patient presenting with eclampsia preceded by blindness at 36 weeks' gestation. After delivery by cesarean section, the patient's management included the use of mannitol and dexamethasone (Decadron) to reduce the cerebral edema. The patient's vision returned within 24 hours after delivery. A repeat CT scan confirmed the resolution of the cerebral edema. PMID- 7121944 TI - Medical absenteeism and the auto industry. PMID- 7121943 TI - Use of sodium nitroprusside in complications of gestational hypertension. AB - Sodium nitroprusside is a potent and ultrafast-acting antihypertensive agent. Limited clinical experience and uncertainty about toxicity have restricted its use in obstetrics. The authors have used nitroprusside concomitantly with hemodynamic monitoring in 4 obstetric patients with severe pregnancy-induced hypertension unresponsive to conventional therapy. The patients with acute congestive heart failure and pulmonary edema responded rapidly and dramatically to nitroprusside. No signs of fetal distress associated with lowering of the arterial pressure were observed, and significant cyanide levels were not detected in a fetal cord blood sample. Nitroprusside should be reserved for refractory hypertensive emergencies in pregnancy. Hemodynamic monitoring is required for adjusting nitroprusside administration and fluid balance. In short-term usage, the authors' experience suggests that maternal and fetal toxicity may not be serious concerns. PMID- 7121945 TI - The stress of job loss. PMID- 7121946 TI - Working in hot environments. PMID- 7121947 TI - A look at the "other" agencies. PMID- 7121948 TI - Setting guidelines for the pregnant worker's care. PMID- 7121941 TI - Hemolytic disease of the newborn caused by anti-JK3. PMID- 7121949 TI - Nuclear plant workers: fearless and forgotten? PMID- 7121950 TI - Technostress: old villain in new guise. PMID- 7121951 TI - Ionizing radiation. PMID- 7121952 TI - Training safe workers: one union's solution. PMID- 7121953 TI - Emergency care of burn injuries. PMID- 7121954 TI - The videotape revolution. PMID- 7121955 TI - A guide to occupational health information systems. PMID- 7121956 TI - Occupational cancer: avoidable risk. PMID- 7121957 TI - Going to the problem's source: why workers drink on the job (and why they shouldn't). PMID- 7121958 TI - Breathing new life into respiratory protection. PMID- 7121959 TI - [Features of the ergogram in normal binocular vision and its disorders]. PMID- 7121960 TI - [Dynamic visual acuity in eye diseases]. PMID- 7121962 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the types of experimental scleroplasty]. PMID- 7121961 TI - [Biomicrometric studies of the Tyndall effect in the normal lens and cornea]. PMID- 7121963 TI - [Vascular pathology of the optic nerve]. PMID- 7121964 TI - [Ultrasonic knife for dissecting eye tissues]. PMID- 7121965 TI - [Ultrasonic scalpel for plastic operations in ophthalmology]. PMID- 7121966 TI - [Magnifying glass on a flexible holder for outpatient operations on the eye]. PMID- 7121967 TI - [Treatment procedure in hemangiomas of the lids and orbit in children]. PMID- 7121968 TI - [Late results of the x-ray therapy of angiomas of the orbital area and adjacent portions of the face in children]. PMID- 7121969 TI - [Late treatment results in hemangiomas of the lids and orbit in children]. PMID- 7121970 TI - [Clinical forms and bases for treating vascular tumors of the eye adnexa in children]. PMID- 7121971 TI - [Surgical experience with hemangiomas of the lids in children]. PMID- 7121972 TI - [Liquid-crystal thermography in the diagnosis of orbital hemangiomas in children]. PMID- 7121973 TI - [Removal of traumatic cataracts via the flat part of the ciliary body]. PMID- 7121974 TI - [Clinical aspects of posttraumatic subatrophy of the eyeball]. PMID- 7121975 TI - [Endothelial microscopy of patients with stationary traumatic cataracts]. PMID- 7121977 TI - Further studies on the collateral branches arising from the pyramidal tract fibers of the upper cervical cord in the rhesus monkey: an electron microscopic investigation. PMID- 7121978 TI - Fine structure of the zona pellucida and the attaching filaments in oocytes from the teleosts. PMID- 7121979 TI - Fine structure of the auricular muscle cells in the snail Euhadra senckenbergiana notoensis. PMID- 7121976 TI - [New results in modelling the pathogenesis of initial myopia]. PMID- 7121981 TI - The more useful sectioning approach for cytochemical studies. PMID- 7121982 TI - The medial and lateral pterygoid muscles of the rabbit. PMID- 7121980 TI - Morphological studies on the mandible of Indians: the incisura foraminis mandibulae and canalis mylohyoideus. PMID- 7121983 TI - Morphological classification of the muscular tubercles of the vertebrae. PMID- 7121984 TI - Towards establishment of embryatrics. PMID- 7121985 TI - Anatomical studies of the spinal rami of lumbar arteries in Japanese fetuses. PMID- 7121986 TI - Two cases of abnormal origins of the left external and internal carotid arteries in the Japanese monkey. PMID- 7121987 TI - Study on the sensibility of two different diaminobenzidine (DAB) reactions for horseradish peroxidase. PMID- 7121988 TI - Two cases of a lieno-mesenteric trunk. PMID- 7121989 TI - Three-dimensional architecture of the sonically isolated rat tubular epithelial cell. PMID- 7121990 TI - Biotinylated-enzymes affinity cytochemistry to demonstrate endogenous avidin in hen oviducts--preliminary study. PMID- 7121991 TI - Cells of origin and terminations of the trigeminotectal projection in the cat as demonstrated with the horseradish peroxidase and autoradiographic methods. PMID- 7121992 TI - Sex differences of the hip bone among several populations. PMID- 7121993 TI - Surface view of the capillary of the pecten oculi in the common finch (Uroloncha striata domestica). PMID- 7121994 TI - Regional differences in surface anionic sites in the rat thyroid follicle cells shown by cationized ferritin labeling. PMID- 7121995 TI - Further studies on the ultrastructure of the human axillary apocrine sweat glands. PMID- 7121996 TI - Electron microscopic study on avian livers with special remarks on the fine structure of sinusoidal cells. PMID- 7121997 TI - A histological study on the nature of human interglobular dentin. PMID- 7121998 TI - Anatomical variation of the m. corrugator posticus Santorini in Kyushu-Japanese. PMID- 7121999 TI - An electron microscope study of spinal and rubral fiber-recipient regions in the inferior olive of the cat. PMID- 7122000 TI - Distribution of neurons innervating the supraoptic nucleus of the rat with special reference to neighbouring relay neurons using HRP and Golgi methods. PMID- 7122001 TI - Cytoarchitectonic variations of "barrels" organized in the primary somatosensory cortex of some species of the Muroidea (superfamily). PMID- 7122002 TI - Effects of electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve on the ultrastructure of the rabbit parathyroid gland. PMID- 7122003 TI - On the formation of the articular cavity of the jaw articulation in chick embryos. PMID- 7122004 TI - Comparative aspects on the fine structure of the teleost liver. PMID- 7122005 TI - A very rare variation of the latissimus dorsi muscle--a case with accessory insertion of the latissimus dorsi muscle into the first rib and into the pectoralis minor muscle. PMID- 7122006 TI - Distribution and development of taste buds on the incisive papillae of mice and rats. PMID- 7122008 TI - Autoradiographic study on the incorporation of carbon-14 labeled formate and adenine into nucleic acid in blood-forming cells. PMID- 7122007 TI - Innervation of the orbital muscle of the mouse. PMID- 7122009 TI - Some observations on the fine structure of the goblet cells in the nasal respiratory epithelium of the rat, with special reference to the well-developed agranular endoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 7122010 TI - Direct motor cortex projections to the interstitial nucleus of Cajal in the cat demonstrated by autoradiographic technique. PMID- 7122012 TI - The formation patterns of central myelin sheaths in the myelin deficient mutant Shiverer mouse. PMID- 7122011 TI - Morphological investigation of the peripheral distribution of cutaneous nerves in the upper extremity. PMID- 7122013 TI - A quantitative study on the left-right asymmetry of the planum temporale. PMID- 7122014 TI - Biomechanical study on the function of the iliotibial tract. PMID- 7122015 TI - Regional anatomical nomenclature and arthroscopic terminology in human temporomandibular joints. PMID- 7122016 TI - A new classification of biological dyes by electron probe microanalysis. PMID- 7122017 TI - Electron microscopy of the mouse cerebral cortex in unstained, fresh air-dried spreads and fresh frozen dried ultrathin sections. PMID- 7122019 TI - Morphological studies on a vitamin A-storing cell and its complex with macrophage observed in mouse pancreatic tissues following excess vitamin A administration. PMID- 7122018 TI - Are the arachnoid villi really the main drainage route for the cerebrospinal fluid into the blood stream? An electron microscopic study. PMID- 7122021 TI - Two rare cases of anomalous veins. (1) Left hepatic vein opening to the right atrium, (2) Three left pulmonary veins opening to the left atrium. PMID- 7122020 TI - The accessory nucleus of Luys in the rat. PMID- 7122024 TI - Comparative anatomical observations of the tongue of the Japanese long-fingered bats, Miniopterus schreibersi fuliginosus. PMID- 7122022 TI - An autopsy case of ethmocephaly. PMID- 7122023 TI - Electron microscopic study of the hippocampal formation of the monkey with special reference to the pyramidal cells of area CA3 and CA4 and the mossy fiber endings. PMID- 7122025 TI - Oligodendrocyte myelination of sensory ganglion neurites in long term culture. PMID- 7122026 TI - Interaction of two somesthetic areas in the cerebellum of the cat. PMID- 7122027 TI - Anatomical organization of thalamic projections to the first somatic sensory cortex in the cat. PMID- 7122028 TI - [Effect of structural aberrations in chromosomes 7 and 14 on the embryogenesis of laboratory mice]. AB - A cytogenetical analysis of the oocytes and embryos at different developmental stages was carried out in mice heterozygous by the unequal reciprocal translocation T (7; 14) 2 IEM and their fecundity was studied. In heterozygotes this translocation leads to semisterility of both females and males which is due to structural aberrations of the chromosomes arising in meiosis. The duplication of a distal region of the chromosome 7 (Dp7F4) combined with the deletion of almost the whole chromosome 14, except its pericentromere region (Df14BCDE) did not affect cleavage and implantation but arrested the development at the early neurula stage and caused the death of embryos in the period of active organogenesis. The deletion of a distal region of the chromosome 7 (Df7F4) combined with the duplication of the chromosome 14 (Dp14BCDE) affected already the cleavage stages and caused the death of embryos at the blastocyst stage. A partial trisomy of the chromosomes 7 and 14 (Tc14(7)T(7;14)2 IEM) did not affect the development until the beginning of placentation. A conclusion is drawn on the important role of the distal region of the chromosome 7 (7F4) in the realization of preimplantation developmental stages in laboratory mice and possible causes of this phenomenon are discussed. PMID- 7122029 TI - [Regulation of lung regeneration]. AB - The materials on lung regeneration are generalized, the prerequisites for the stimulation of compensatory hypertrophy of the lung tissue are considered, the results of application of regeneration stimulators in the experimental and clinical conditions are first systematized and analyzed. Experiments were carried on over 3,500 animals with the use of complex morphometrical, biochemical, autoradiographical, morphological, cytochemical methods; the functional state of lung tissue was evaluated under the conditions of application of regeneration stimulators. The application of purines and pyrimidines contributes to a more complete and rapid development of compensatory hypertrophy of the lung, restoration of the total alveolar surface, leads to the formation of alveoli de novo, prevents the appearance of the phenomena of morphological and functional decompensation at remote times after the operation, excludes the development of pneumofibrosis. The mechanisms of the stimulating effect of the drugs in question on the development of compensatory hypertrophy of the lung are revealed, a new classification is proposed. PMID- 7122030 TI - [Formation of a reaction of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenal cortex system to cooling in chick embryogenesis]. AB - The content of glucocorticoids in the suprarenals and blood of chick embryos increased from the 12th till the 15th day of incubation. The intensive accumulation of glucocorticoids in the glands was accompanied by a relatively small increase of their concentration in blood plasma from the 15th till the 19th day. No adrenocortical reaction to cooling was registered in the 12 and 13 days old embryos. Upon cooling of 15-19 days old embryos the content of glucocorticoid hormones in the suprarenals decreased 2 to 3 times. It is suggested that the relationships between hypothalamus, hypophysis and suprarenal cortex are developed within the last week of embryogenesis. The combination of the ability for reaction with the incompletion of integration creates specific conditions for imprinting of external influences in the hypothalamic-hypophysial-suprarenal system. PMID- 7122031 TI - [Development of the capillaries of the primary portal plexus of the hypothalamus in rats in the perinatal period]. AB - The structure of capillaries of the primary portal plexus in rats was studied on the 18th day of prenatal period and ist and 9th days of postnatal period. The number of capillaries and capillary loops penetrating in the nervous tissue of median eminence increases during development. The endothelial cells divide and differentiate and this is accompanied by the decrease in the volume of perikaryons, the flattening of peripheral cell regions and the increase in the number of fenestrae. The greatest number of pinocytotic vesicles is noted in the newborn rats. The morphometrical data obtained suggest indirectly the transport of substances through the wall of capillaries in foetuses and newborn rats mainly via pinocytotic vesicles and on the 9th day of life via fenestrae. PMID- 7122032 TI - [Changes in the intercellular contacts of hepatocytes in the ontogeny of inbred mouse strains with a high (CBA) and low (C57BL) frequency of spontaneous hepatomas]. AB - Some parameters of cellular contacts between hepatocytes were studied in ontogenesis of the inbred mouse lines with the high (CBA) and low (C57BL) frequency of spontaneous hepatomas. In both the lines the force of intercellular linkage of the hepatocytes drops down by the end of the animal's life. But in the C57BL mice this characteristics increases sharply between the 5th and 10th days after birth, whereas in the CBA mice no such increase is observed. During the whole postnatal development the force of linkage in the CBA mouse liver is thrice lower than in the C57BL mouse liver. The stability of contacts between the hepatocytes in the C57BL mice is not affected during ontogenesis, as well as in the CBA mice, except in the males at the age of 15-24 months when the stability of contacts decreases. This parameter decreases still more in the tumour. Since the CBA males are characterized by a higher frequency of spontaneous hepatomas, a suggestion is put forward to the effect that the primary disturbance of the stability of contacts reflects the early changes characteristic for the spontaneous liver carcinogenesis. PMID- 7122034 TI - Families with retinitis pigmentosa: problems in the analysis of sporadic, simplex and multiplex cases. PMID- 7122033 TI - [Radioactivity distribution in the subcellular fractions of reproductive tract and skeletal muscle tissue in rat and rabbit embryos after in vitro exposure to 1 alpha, 2 alpha-3H(p)-testosterone and 5 alpha-dihydro-1 alpha, 2 alpha(p) testosterone]. AB - In the in vitro experiments the distribution of radioactivity was studied in the subcellular fractions of the reproductive system and muscles of the rat embryos on the 14-, 16- and 18th days and of the rabbit embryos on the 18th and 20-22nd days of development after the preincubation in the medium with 1 alpha, 2 alpha 3H(n)-testosterone (T-3H). The total consumption of T-3H per mg of tissue is higher in the reproductive system than in the muscles and attains the maximum in the rabbit on the 21st and in the rat on the 18th day of development. The ratio of radioactivity in the nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions per mg of protein changes at the critical period of somatic sex differentiation: in the rabbit between the 20th and 21st and in the rat between the 16th and 18th days of development. The radioactivity in the nuclear fraction is markedly higher than in the cytoplasmic one on the 21st day in the rabbit and on the 18th day in the rat and, on the contrary, lower at all preceding times. The radioactivity in the microsomal fraction is higher than in the cytosol. The distribution of radioactivity of 5 alpha-dihydro-1 alpha, 2 alpha(n)-testosterone (DHT-3H) was studied on the 20th and 21st days of development in the rabbit embryos. No changes in the nucleocytoplasmic ratio of radioactivity was found, but the radioactivity decreased in all fractions on the 21st day. PMID- 7122035 TI - [Ocular manifestations of wegener's granulomatosis]. PMID- 7122036 TI - Eye and orbital size in the young and adult. Some postnatal experimental and clinical relationships. AB - The orbital volume in Dutch rabbits ranged from 3.6 ml at 98 days to 5.8 ml at 540 days of age. By 180 days of age the orbital volume had reached about its maximum of 5 ml and was 25% larger than at 100 days of age. The mean orbital volume was less at 540 than at 450 days of age. At 15 days of age the eye volume was about 20% of adult size, at 100 days of age about two thirds, at 180 days of age about 85% of adult size which was reached at about 300 days of age. The mean bulb volume was less at 540 than at 450 days of age. After evisceration, enucleation, or exenteration, in young rabbits there was a decelerated increase of orbital volume and a direct relationship between the lack of intraorbital mass and the subsequent lack of development of the orbit. The addition of a constant sized implant in the young rabbit, after evisceration or enucleation of the eye, did not enhance orbital growth. In adult rabbits enucleation of the eye did not subsequently alter the orbital volume. In young rabbits an increase of the eye volume after multiple intrabulbar injections of silicone resulted in increase in orbital volume. The same procedure in adult rabbits increased neither the eye nor the orbital volume. Some clinical correlations are made. PMID- 7122037 TI - [A simple method of assessing monocular visual acuity in nystagmus ]. AB - Visual acuity examined with both eyes-binocularly-often shows a better result than monocular examination. The nystagmus intensity increases when one eye is occluded or vision is blurred by a plus lens. The authors suggest a simple method to examine visual acuity monocularly. The procedure is appropriate to preserve the attenuation of nystagmus under binocular condition. PMID- 7122039 TI - Decreased endothelial permeability in the iridocorneal endothelial syndrome. AB - Five patients with the iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome were examined by fluorophotometry. All patients had typical abnormal corneal endothelium, peripheral anterior synechiae, and distortion of the iris (pupillary irregularity or anterior stromal traction tears) in one eye only. Fluorescein was deposited in the superior cornea of both eyes by iontophoresis, and the cornea and anterior chamber concentrations and total mass of fluorescein were measured hourly over the ensuing eight hours. In all five patients, the endothelial permeability to fluorescein was within normal limits in the normal eye. In four of the five abnormal eyes, endothelial permeability was markedly decreased. In these four patients, the permeability to fluorescein in the normal eye was approximately six times that in the abnormal eye. In the fifth patient, the endothelial permeability was normal in both eyes. The central corneal thicknesses were normal in both eyes of all five patients. These results indicate that in many eyes with the ICE syndrome, corneal endothelial permeability to solutes is markedly decreased. Decreased endothelial permeability to solutes has not been documented previously in any clinical corneal disorder and may be of importance in the pathophysiologic changes that accompany endothelial disease. PMID- 7122038 TI - The corneal endothelium. Normal and pathologic structure and function. AB - A summary of normal and abnormal endothelial structure and function is presented. Endothelium originates from neural crest and it elaborates a banded basement membrane in utero. It is involved in mesenchymal dysgenesis of the anterior segment, like the central defect of Peters' anomaly. Cytoplasmic organelles include mitochondria that provide energy for the metabolic pump, rough endoplasmic reticulum that participate in secretion of extracellular matrix, and a terminal web that may participate in cell migration. The endothelium's main function is to control corneal hydration and nutrition with a leaky barrier formed by the apical gap and macula occludens junctions that keep some water out of the stroma but allow nutrients to pass, and with an ATPase-dependent metabolic pump that is located in the lateral plasma membranes. Endothelial wound healing involves flattening and enlargement of cells to maintain an intact monolayer as well as production of abnormal collagenous material posterior to Descemet's membrane. HLA antigens located in the plasma membrane may participate in corneal endothelial graft rejection. Clinical assessment of the endothelium involves three modalities: specular microscopy to study endothelial morphology, fluorophotometry to measure barrier function, and pachymetry to measure corneal thickness. PMID- 7122040 TI - Corneal endothelial changes in primary acute angle-closure glaucoma. AB - In 20 patients, corneal endothelium was examined by specular microscopy after acute angle-closure glaucoma, and before any surgical treatment in order to assess possible damage during pressure induced abnormal hydration of the cornea. The mean intraocular pressure was elevated to 55 mm Hg and had lasted, on an average, 47 (5--192) hours. The mean endothelial cell density in the affected eye was 1534 and in the nonaffected fellow eye 2243 cells/mm2 (mean decrease 33%, P = 0.002). The amount of cell loss correlates with the duration of the intraocular pressure increase. Thirty-five percent of these patients presented a bilateral cornea guttata. This high incidence of endothelial dystrophy was confirmed in a retrospective specular microscopic study in 20 patients with a history of unilateral acute angle-closure glaucoma. The decreased number of endothelial cells after acute angle-closure glaucoma frequently combined with bilateral cornea guttata, accounts for the corneal degeneration in these patients following a later cataract extraction. PMID- 7122041 TI - In vivo specular microscopy of edematous human corneal epithelium with light and scanning electron microscopic correlation. AB - A wide-field contact specular microscope was used to examine and to photograph the corneal epithelium in 35 eyes with chronic corneal edema. Seven of the patients subsequently underwent corneal transplantation allowing for correlation of the in vivo findings with the light and electron microscopic appearance. The early findings on specular microscopy included loss of the clear superficial epithelial cell outlines with easy dislodgement of these cells and a fine pattern of edema outlining basal cells. Individual cellular edema and fluid-filled cysts occurring at various epithelial layers and subepithelially appeared with worsening swelling. Subepithelial connective tissue and anamalous basement membrane were present at later stages. PMID- 7122042 TI - Corneal perforations. Changing methods of treatment, 1960--1980. AB - One hundred four nontraumatic corneal perforations or descemetoceles in patients admitted to the Wilmer Institute from 1960 to 1980 were studied retrospectively, with follow-up data obtained from records or from referral physicians for 87 of these perforations. Forty-nine percent of the cases were caused by bacterial corneal ulcers, 13% by exposure, 12% by chemical burns, 6% by fungal keratitis, 5% by herpes simplex keratitis, and 15% were undiagnosed. Since the start of tissue adhesive use at the Wilmer Institute in 1974, there has been an apparent trend towards a lower enucleation rate (6%) in corneal perforations treated with tissue adhesive as compared to 19% in perforations treated by other therapies, although the cases may not be entirely comparable. An improved visual result of 20/200 or better was achieved in 29% of patients treated with tissue adhesive as compared to 19% with other treatment. PMID- 7122043 TI - Anaerobic corneal ulcers. AB - In a series of 162 bacterial corneal ulcers, 27 were culture positive for anaerobic organisms. Applying strict microbiologic criteria, 11 ulcers were determined to be due to anaerobic infection. No morphologic characteristic was identified to distinguish anaerobic from other types of corneal ulcers. All of the anaerobic ulcer patients manifested one or more predisposing factors. A total of 13 anaerobes were cultured from the 11 confirmed anaerobic ulcers. Five previously unreported anaerobic strains were identified as causes of bacterial keratitis. Over one third of the anaerobic organisms occurred in mixed cultures with other organisms. Most of the anaerobic isolates were susceptible to all antibiotics routinely used for their treatment. The use of topical chloramphenicol is recommended for treatment of confirmed anaerobic ulcers, and topical cefazolin or one of the other cephalosporins effective against anaerobes is suggested to be included in the treatment of all ulcers requiring broad spectrum antibiotic coverage. PMID- 7122044 TI - Keratoprosthesis. Results, complications, and management. AB - Thirty-one cases of keratoprosthesis were followed for periods of from 1 to 84 months (average 35 months). The Cardona through-and-through device was implanted, covered with periosteum, and exteriorized through an opening in the upper lid. Visual results varied from 20/20 (1 of 31 cases) to counting fingers (5 of 31 cases). While 12 of the 31 cases achieved 20/40 or better at some point in the postoperative course, only 5 of 31 maintained this level of acuity over a long term period. Severe complications included retroprosthetic membrane (18 out of 31), vitreitis (7 out of 31), dislocation (5 out of 31), extrusion (3 out of 31), and endophthalmitis (5 out of 31). Fifteen of the 31 patients required subsequent surgical revision. Despite the frequency and severity of complications, 17 out of 31 patients achieved sufficient improvement in visual acuity to enable them to function without assistance for periods of 1 to 7 years. PMID- 7122045 TI - Prospective clinical study of radial keratotomy. AB - A prospective clinical study of radial keratotomy was conducted at the University of Maryland. Results of surgery on 33 eyes of 19 patients with a minimum follow up of seven months and a mean of 13.8 months are reported. There were eight patients (15 eyes) who needed adequate unaided visual acuity for occupational purposes. Preoperative visual acuity was 20/400 in 79% of eyes. Postoperative visual acuity was 20/50 or better in 48% of cases. However, in patients with preoperative refractive errors of 5 diopters or less, postoperative visual acuity was 20/50 or better in 84% of cases. Average decrease in myopia was 2.5 diopters. Decrease in myopia following radial keratotomy did not correlate with corneal curvature or whether 8 or 16 incision technique was used. However, there was a very significant (P = 0.001) difference in postoperative visual acuity of patients with refractive error of 5 diopters or less, as compared to those with greater than 5 diopters of myopia. Complications included corneal scarring, vascularization, and glare. No microperforation or endothelial cell loss was observed. PMID- 7122046 TI - Radial keratotomy in monkeys. A one-year follow-up report. AB - Twelve adult rhesus monkey eyes underwent a radial keratotomy, consisting of 16, deep evenly spaced radial corneal incisions extending from the edge of a 3 mm central optical zone to the limbus. Peripheral deepening incisions were used. Keratometry and retinoscopy done before and after surgery monthly for one year revealed an average of 1.79 diopters decrease in the corneal curvature and an average increase of 2.49 diopters in the refractive error, which remained stable after one to two months. No significant complications were observed despite four perforations. PMID- 7122047 TI - Langerhans cells of the ocular surface. AB - Recent evidence has been collected by several investigators defining a distinct population of dendritic cells (Langerhans cells) of mesenchymal origin residing in the epidermal surfaces of many mammalian species. These cells play a dominant role in the processing of antigens presented through cutaneous surfaces and carry a Class II histocompatability antigen felt to be of central importance in the afferent arm of allograft rejection. They also possess many of the characteristics of macrophages active in the efferent arm of immunologic responses. An equivalent subset of dendritic cells (Langerhans cells) in ocular surface epithelium of the human, mouse rat, and guinea pig has been identified by enzyme histochemistry, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy. Ocular surface Langerhans cells proliferate in the setting of corneal inflammation (remote and recent) and are depleted by topical and systemic corticosteroids. Ocular surface Langerhans cells may play a central role in ocular contact hypersensitivity, corneal allograft rejection, and ocular surface immune surveillance. PMID- 7122048 TI - Ocular ferning test. A qualitative test for mucus deficiency. AB - A new qualitative test for the study of conjunctival mucus has been developed. Conjunctival scrapings were obtained from 196 patients. Microscopic mucus ferning (arborization) was observed in 148 (91%) patients with various forms of acute conjunctivitis. Six patients (18%) with cicatrizing conjunctivitis (diffuse conjunctival cicatrization, ocular pemphigoid, Stevens-Johnson syndrome) had mucus ferning in their conjunctival scrapings specimens. Mucus ferning was significantly absent (P less than 0.005) in patients with diffuse conjunctival cicatrization when compared to mucus ferning in other forms of conjunctivitis. Ocular mucus ferning test is a simple inexpensive office test for the evaluation of patients with mucus deficiency. PMID- 7122049 TI - Estimation of hazards-ratio in the two-sample problem. AB - Allied health personnel in ophthalmology includes office personnel, ophthalmic medical assistants, ophthalmic nurses, certified orthoptists, ophthalmic photographers, research assistants, contact lens technicians, ultrasonographers, ocularists, and others. The ophthalmic medical assistants (OMA) have been identified only recently and recognized at three different levels of competence. They are assuming an increasingly important adjunct role in eye care. Their certification is the responsibility of the Joint Commission on Allied Health Personnel in Ophthalmology. Accreditation of training programs has become a function of the American Medical Association (AMA). OMAs should not be equated with physicians' assistants (PAs). Their skills are described, their role discussed. It appears unlikely to this author that they will contribute to a future surplus of ophthalmologists. They do contribute to a more efficient and better eye care of the public. PMID- 7122050 TI - Retinal vascular autoregulation in diabetes mellitus. AB - The blue field entoptic technique was used to study autoregulation of the macular retinal circulation in response to acute alterations of intraocular pressure in 71 diabetic eyes and 30 normals matched for age, systemic blood pressure, and ophthalmic artery diastolic pressure. IOPmax, the maximal intraocular pressure at which flow is maintained normal by autoregulation, was normal in eyes with no retinopathy (30 +/- 3.2 mm Hg) but decreased with progression of retinopathy, approaching the resting intraocular pressure in eyes with proliferative retinopathy. The hyperemia observed by normals to an acute reduction of intraocular pressure was not observed frequently in the diabetics with no retinopathy. The frequency of observation of the hyperemia decreased with progression of retinopathy and was uniformly absent in eyes with proliferative retinopathy. A group of eyes with minimal microangiopathy was found to have an abnormal IOPmax and no hyperemic response. The prognostic significance of these parameters remains to be established. PMID- 7122051 TI - Kinetic vitreous fluorophotometry in normals and noninsulin-dependent diabetics. AB - Kinetic vitreous fluorophotometry was performed up to five hours after intravenous injection of fluorescein in seven normal subjects and seven noninsulin-dependent diabetic patients without retinopathy. The leakage of fluorescein into the vitreous was measured, and fluorescein dynamics were assessed after correction for the most important artifacts. A detailed description of the movements of fluorescein between the blood and the chambers of the eye across the blood-ocular barriers was obtained in normal and diabetic eyes. The diabetic population could be differentiated best from the normal one with vitreous fluorophotometry measurements performed close to the retina-choroid one hour after injection. PMID- 7122052 TI - Acute retinal necrosis. AB - Acute retinal necrosis represents a distinct, recently recognized clinical syndrome. Four patients who presented with rapid visual loss associated with uveitis and coalescent areas of retinal necrosis, followed by development of retinal detachments were examined. This paper emphasizes the following: (1) unilateral involvement does occur, (2) the distribution of lesions can be peripheral or central, and (3) early lesions are not associated with retinal vascular abnormalities either clinically or angiographically. Signs and symptoms are suggestive of an infectious process, possibly viral. PMID- 7122053 TI - Bilateral phakic retinal detachment. AB - Ninety-nine (11.6%) of 850 phakic retinal detachment patients had bilateral detachments. The incidence of bilaterality was greater in nontraumatic detachments (13.4%) than traumatic detachments (3.8%). Patients were divided into two refractive classes: (1) myopic, containing refractive errors of -2.50 diopters or more, and (2) nonmyopic, containing all other refractive errors. The rate of bilaterality in nontraumatic detachments varied with refractive class and lattice degeneration: nonmyopic without lattice (8.1%), nonmyopic with lattice (14.2%), myopic without lattice (16.3%), and myopic with lattice (24.6%). Mean age in years at onset of the initial detachment varied with refractive class and lattice degeneration: nonmyopic without lattice (59.1), nonmyopic with lattice (55.8), myopic without lattice (49.2), and myopic with lattice (28.2). Lattice degeneration reduced the interval between detachments. Annual risks of fellow eye detachments were calculated for four groups: nonmyopic without lattice (0.12%), nonmyopic with lattice (0.95%), myopic without lattice (1.3%), and myopic with lattice (0.98%). PMID- 7122054 TI - Standardized echography (ultrasonography) for the detection and characterization of retinal detachment. AB - Thirty-five patients with clear media and retinal detachment were studied prospectively to determine the reliability and accuracy of ultrasound in this diagnosis. The extent of detachment was identified correctly within three clock hours in 33 of 35 cases (94.2%). The average height of detachment was 6.12 mm. In 27 of 31 cases (87%), the retinal tear was located within two clock hours of the superior most margin of detachment seen echographically, and in 23 of 31 cases (74%) within two clock hours of the highest elevation of the retina echographically. In 29 of 35 cases (82%) echographic determination of detachment margins was within one clock hour of clinical observation. Retinal detachments greater than 4.5 mm in maximal height appeared clinically bullous. Ultrasound correctly identified 26 of 29 maculae detached before operation (90%). Ultrasound correctly identified all seven cases with advanced massive periretinal proliferation. Mean standardized reflectivity (delta dbs) was 13.9 with 95% confidence levels of 12.7 to 15.2. A stronger correlation existed between height of retinal detachment and reflectivity, than clinical appearance of retina. Based on the findings, it was concluded that standardized echography is a highly reliable technique for the detection and characterization of retinal detachment in eyes with opaque media. PMID- 7122056 TI - Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. Clinical applications. AB - The scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) provides a high-quality television image of the retina using less than 1/1000 of the light required for conventional indirect ophthalmoscopy. The SLO employs a new ophthalmoscopic principle in which a dim laser beam scans across the fundus, and light is collected only from one retinal point at a time. Since the instrument is highly light efficient, illumination levels are comfortable for the patient, and fluorescein angiography can be performed with one tenth of the usual fluorescein dose. Since a continuous, large depth of field view is displayed on the SLO screen and stored on video tape, repeated dynamic inspection of the vitreous, retina and vitreoretinal interface is afforded. In addition, any graphical material that can be displayed on a microcomputer monitor (such as text of video games) can also be impressed on the retinal pattern formed by the sweeping laser beam. The graphical material is thus observed directly by the patient and on the patient's retina by the clinician. Since the exact retinal locus of each point in the graphical material is viewed directly, it is possible to perform perimetry directly on the retina, to measure acuity at arbitrary retinal loci, to study how patients with macular disease use residual functional retina for reading, and to perform distortometry with a retinal (Amsler-type) grid. PMID- 7122055 TI - Reversal of retinal and optic disc ischemia in a patient with sickle cell trait and glaucoma secondary to traumatic hyphema. AB - A 14-year-old black boy with sickle cell trait, who sustained a traumatic hyphema, developed moderately elevated intraocular pressure that failed to respond to carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and osmotic agents. On the tenth postinjury day, a sudden increased cupping of the optic disc and partial central retinal artery obstruction caused painless loss of vision. Reversal of the cupping, the retinal ischemia, and the intraocular pressure was documented following anterior chamber paracentesis, and visual acuity returned to 6/6. Pathophysiology of the posterior ischemia is discussed. This case documents the potentially debilitating course of traumatic hyphema in "benign" sickle cell trait and its avoidance with proper management. The authors endorse recent suggestions for careful observation of any sickle cell patient with traumatic hyphema, and recommend anterior chamber paracentesis, supplemental oxygen, and avoidance of osmotic agents, if secondary glaucoma develops following the initial trauma. PMID- 7122058 TI - Photic maculopathy secondary to short-circuiting of a high-tension electric current. AB - A 21-year-old man was exposed accidentally to the flash of a high-tension short circuit. He subsequently developed a yellow-gray foveolar lesion with mild central visual loss. Fluorescein angiography demonstrated the area of retinal pigment epithelial disruption and was used to follow its evolution over eight months. The energy level at the retina was estimated at 0.87 Joules/cm2, insufficient to create a thermal burn. Therefore, although the patient suffered thermal facial burns, the foveolar lesion represents a photochemical injury to the retinal pigment epithelium and, hence, is similar to solar retinopathy, eclipse blindness, and arc-welder's retinopathy. PMID- 7122057 TI - Human retinal vessels in tissue culture. A preliminary report of the effect of acute glucose poisoning on cultured vascular cells. AB - To delineate the factors involved in the pathogenesis of human retinal vasculopathies, as in vitro model of human retinal vascular cells was developed by using cadaver eyes enucleated four to eight hours after death and stored at +4 C for three to seven days. A pure, viable capillary explant was obtained by microdissection and gentle agitation; the more rapidly occurring postmortem changes in the surrounding nervous tissue of the retina facilitated separation of the vascular explants. Factor VIII indirect immunofluorescent staining revealed that 85% to 90% of the cells harvested from capillaries of 3- to 5-day-old cadaver eyes and all cells cultured from 1-week-old postmortem eyes reacted positively, indicating their endothelial nature. High-glucose medium caused degenerative changes in the cells of the initial explant as well as in the cells of confluent cultures within 24 to 72 hours. The cytotoxic effect of glucose was manifested by accumulation of PAS-positive granules, cytoplasmic vacuolation, and eventual cell degeneration. PMID- 7122059 TI - Studies on the infectivity of boophilus decoloratus males and larvae infected with Babesia bigemina. PMID- 7122060 TI - The pathology of Rift Valley fever. II. Lesions occurring in field cases in adult cattle, calves and aborted foetuses. AB - Since the original description of Rift Valley fever in sheep, cattle and man in the Rift Valley in Kenya in 1931, very little has been published on the disease in cattle. This report deals with the macroscopic and microscopic pathology of field cases of Rift Valley fever in 22 adult cattle, 8 calves and 8 aborted foetuses. The microscopic liver lesions in 13 adult cattle were characterized by marked centri- and midzonal eosinophilic necrosis, involving almost 2/3 of the lobules, and accompanied by sparsely distributed primary foci of necrosis. In 3 animals, however, the hepatic lesions were more focal in nature, while a massive hepatic necrosis was evident in 6 others. In calves, the lesions in the liver ranged from cases showing numerous haphazardly scattered primary foci of necrosis to cases where the latter were accompanied by eosinophilic necrosis of the remaining hepatocytes in the lobules. Vascular lesions, thrombosis and sinusoidal fibrin deposits were sometimes seen in the livers of both calves and adult cattle. Although the aborted foetuses were in a fairly advanced state of autolysis, it was still possible to make a diagnosis of Rift Valley fever from the characteristic lesions which were similar to those reported for new-born lambs. Other noteworthy lesions in adult cattle and calves included pyknosis and karyorrhexis of lymphocytes in the spleen and lymph nodes, widespread serosal and visceral haemorrhages which were sometimes accompanied by copious free blood in the gastrointestinal tract, and a nephrosis. PMID- 7122061 TI - The value of the microtitre serum agglutination test as a second screening test in bovine brucellosis. PMID- 7122062 TI - Studies on Parafilaria bovicola Tubangui, 1934 III. Pathological changes in infested calves. AB - More lesions were found in the carcass of an animal that has been naturally infested with Parafilaria bovicola than in one artificially infested with a single subcutaneous injection of infective larvae of this species. This may be because natural infestations are either more frequent or more successful. Similarities in the distribution of lesions in naturally and experimentally infested animals suggest that certain predilection sites may be used by the intermediate fly hosts. Subcutaneous areas infiltrated with eosinophils are more conspicuous during the first 20 days after infestation and during the patent phase of the life cycle of P. bovicola. Yellowish discolorations caused by oedema are usually present in all lesions. When these are combined with eosinophil infiltrations, the lesions become yellowish-green. After the appearance of bleeding spots the green colour of lesions is dominated by the appearance of a brown pigment (haemosiderin) in numerous macrophages. The histopathological changes in the dermis, subcutis and superficial muscles bordering the affected areas are described. PMID- 7122063 TI - Studies on Haemonchus contortus. VI. Attempts to stimulate immunity to abomasal trichostrongylids in Merino sheep. AB - Two doses of infective larvae of 20 000 Trichostrongylus axei, dosed to Merino lambs at an interval of 14 days and subsequently challenged with Ostertagia circumcincta, caused a significant reduction (P less than 0.01) in the establishment of 5th and adult stages of the latter. T. axei was unable to protect Merino sheep against homologous challenge nor was Haemonchus contortus a successful vaccine against challenge with the same species. The vaccinated group showed a reduction (P less than 0,025) only in 5th and adult H. contortus, but not in the total worm burdens. PMID- 7122065 TI - Prozones and delayed reactions in the rose bengal test for bovine brucellosis. PMID- 7122066 TI - Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona associated with abortion in cattle: isolation methods and laboratory animal histopathology. AB - Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona was successfully isolated from cattle urine in the western Transvaal after an abortion storm had occurred. Direct inoculation of EMJH medium proved the most successful method. The selective agent, 5 fluorouracil, was most effective in controlling contamination when used at the 0,4 mg/ml level. The strain isolated was pathogenic in hamsters, but specific lesions and the leptospirae were seen only where overwhelming infection occurred. PMID- 7122064 TI - Parasites of South African freshwater fish. I. Some nematodes of the catfish [Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)] from the Hartbeespoort Dam. AB - A seasonal study of the parasites of fish in the Hartbeespoort Dam was undertaken in 1979. This paper deals with 4 nematode species recovered from catfish, namely, Paracamallanus cyathopharynx (Baylis, 1923), Procamallanus laeviconchus (Wedl, 1862), Contracaecum sp. and Skrjabinocara sp. Total numbers of parasites recovered are tabulated and their seasonal variation illustrated diagrammatically. Paracamallanus cyathopharynx was recovered from 23 out of 43 catfish examined and Procamallanus laeviconchus from 13, while Contracaecum sp. larvae were present in all the catfish. Skrjabinocara sp. was recovered from 1 catfish only, but it is not regarded as being parasitic in fish, as it was also recovered from 1 out of 4 cormorant examined. Paracamallanus cyathopharynx and Procamallanus laeviconchus are illustrated and the measurements of the Hartbeespoort Dam material compared with those given by various authors who recovered the same parasites from other fish species elsewhere in Africa. PMID- 7122067 TI - Parasites of domestic and wild animals in South Africa. XIV. The seasonal prevalence of Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Ctenocephalides spp. on kennelled dogs in Pretoria North. AB - The seasonal prevalence of Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Ctenocephalides spp. on kennelled dogs in Pretoria North was determined by the regular examination of 3, initially, and later 2 dogs from March 1975--January 1977. Once the ticks had become established in the kennel peak burdens of immature ticks (larvae plus nymphae) were present on the dogs during early summer 1975 and from midsummer- late summer 1976 and early midsummer 1976/77. Peak numbers of adult ticks were present in midsummer 1975/76, from late summer--autumn and during early spring 1976 and during midsummer 1976/77. Few adults and even fewer immature ticks were present on the dogs during winter 1976 and the infestation overwintered in the pens as engorged nymphae. The flea population took 10 months to become well established. Thereafter, the periods late summer--autumn 1976 and early midsummer 1976/77 (when the survey stopped) were the most favourable and winter--spring 1976 and least favourable for adult fleas. The immature ticks preferred the sides and bellies, adult ticks the necks, and fleas the bellies of the dogs. PMID- 7122069 TI - Helminth and arthropod parasites of springbok, Antidorcas marsupialis, in the Transvaal and Western Cape Province. AB - The helminth burdens of 17 springbok from 2 localities in the Transvaal and of 4 springbok from the western Cape Province were determined. Eight of the animals from the Transvaal and the 4 from the Cape Province were also examined for arthropod parasites. In all, 26 helminth species, 5 species of ixodid ticks and 4 species of lice were recovered from the springbok. Of the helminths Dictyocaulus magnus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. falculatus and Agriostomum equidentatum were recovered from animals in each of the surveys. The lice Damalinia antidorcus, Linognathus antidorcitis and L. bedfordi were present on animals in the Transvaal and the western Cape Province. PMID- 7122068 TI - Studies on haemonchus contortus. VII. The effect of treatment of Trichostrongylus axei prior to challenge with H. contortus. AB - Four-month-old worm-free Merino lambs were dosed with 20 000 infective larvae of Trichostrongylus axei on Day 0 and again on Day +14. On Day +83 they were treated with mebendazole at 15 mg/kg. All lambs in this group and a further group of 11 worm-free Merino control lambs were challenged with 50 000 infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus dosed from Day +90-Day +92. At necropsy 27 and 28 days later there was no significant difference between the worm burdens of the 2 groups. T. axei must be present in the abomasum to protect sheep from challenge with H. contortus. PMID- 7122070 TI - [Medical deontology and scientific and technical progress]. PMID- 7122072 TI - [Hemodynamic characteristics of the victims of craniocerebral and locomotor injuries]. PMID- 7122071 TI - [Microbial flora of the skin of a lower extremity stump]. PMID- 7122073 TI - [Artificial pulmonary ventilation in treating respiratory disorders in severe injuries]. PMID- 7122075 TI - [Stimulation of the macrophage link in immunity as a possible means of regulating osteogenesis]. PMID- 7122074 TI - [Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on the hemodynamics in the acute period of open trauma to the extremities]. PMID- 7122076 TI - [X-ray dynamics and the characteristics of tubular bone regeneration in leg lengthening after closed osteoclasis]. PMID- 7122077 TI - [Effect of distraction epiphysiolysis on the growth of lengthened bone (an experimental study)]. PMID- 7122078 TI - [Prosthesis following amputation of the lower extremity at the hip in the middle aged and elderly]. PMID- 7122079 TI - [Clinical, diagnostic and treatment characteristics of aneurysmal bone cysts]. PMID- 7122080 TI - [Basis for surgical treatment methods in degenerative spondylolisthesis]. PMID- 7122082 TI - [Biorhythms and traumatism]. PMID- 7122081 TI - [Suppurative septic complications in severe pelvic injuries occurring in traffic accidents]. PMID- 7122083 TI - [Modification of a method for the surgical treatment of funnel chest]. PMID- 7122084 TI - [Dermo-fascial-osteoplasty of tibial defects in suppurative infection]. PMID- 7122085 TI - [Experimental x-ray study of the muscles]. PMID- 7122086 TI - [Device for measuring movement of the cervical spine]. PMID- 7122087 TI - [Appliance for determining the functional shortening of a lower extremity]. PMID- 7122089 TI - [Viability of tissues preserved in weak formalin solutions]. PMID- 7122088 TI - [Pulley block attached to the bed for skeletal traction]. PMID- 7122090 TI - [Magnetic field in the treatment of pain syndromes of the stumps of the extremities]. PMID- 7122091 TI - [Efferent duct ligation causing immediate functional and morphologic changes in the exocrine pancreas]. PMID- 7122092 TI - [Ultrasonic B-scan in progressive muscular dystrophy in children]. PMID- 7122093 TI - [Relation between Streptococcus mutans and caries (caries as an "infectious" disease)]. PMID- 7122094 TI - [Budd-Chiari disease caused by long-term administration of oral contraceptives]. PMID- 7122095 TI - [Laboratory diagnosis of endogenous depression: the dexamethasone suppression test]. PMID- 7122096 TI - [Waiting rooms with relaxing atmosphere and the Kodaly method in ambulatory pediatric care]. PMID- 7122097 TI - [Primary hyperparathyroidism: a rare or rarely diagnosed disease?]. PMID- 7122098 TI - [Need for a different approach in the surgical treatment of peptic ulcer (initial results of superselective vagotomy)]. PMID- 7122099 TI - [Cytogenetic background of male infertility]. PMID- 7122100 TI - [Capnocytophaga infections]. PMID- 7122101 TI - [Concordance of the number of fetal movements registered by tocodynamometry and experienced by the pregnant woman]. PMID- 7122102 TI - [Screening of families of patients with medullary cancer of the thyroid]. PMID- 7122103 TI - Chlorpromazine-HCL in acute infantile diarrhoea (a brief clinical observation). PMID- 7122104 TI - Cow's milk protein sensitive enteropathy. Clinical and histological features in infants. PMID- 7122105 TI - Indomethacin therapy in premature infants with patent ductus arteriosus. PMID- 7122106 TI - Afferent activity evoked by natural stimulation of the biliary system in the ferret. AB - A technique for the natural stimulation of the biliary system which permits the distinction between noxious and innocuous intensities of stimulation has been developed in the ferret. Male ferrets anaesthetized with urethane have been used. Controlled distensions of the biliary system were produced and the nociceptive nature of the stimulus was ascertained by reflex increases in blood pressure. Levels of biliary pressure that did not evoke changes in blood pressure were considered innocuous. Using this approach electrical activity has been recorded from biliary afferents. Thirty-two recordings were obtained. Twenty-one were of afferents that could be excited by innocuous levels of biliary pressure (low threshold afferents) and 10 recordings were of afferents excited only by noxious stimulation of the biliary system (high threshold afferents). One fibre could not be activated by changes in biliary pressure. Twenty-seven receptive fields were located: 12 in the gallbladder and 15 in the biliary ducts. The relevance of high threshold biliary receptors to visceral nociception is discussed. PMID- 7122107 TI - Naloxone fails to antagonize nitrous oxide analgesia for clinical pain. PMID- 7122108 TI - Scale preference and the measurement of pain: a qualification of Kremer, Atkinson and Ignelzi (1981) PMID- 7122109 TI - Adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats: a possible model of chronic pain. PMID- 7122110 TI - Dental sensory receptor structure in human teeth. AB - Electron microscopy was used to study normal human extracted teeth in order to define the junctions between sensory nerve endings and other cells in external pulp and inner dentin at the crown tip. Two sets of associated cells were found: (1) Connective tissue cells. The pulpal fibroblast newtork made occasional desmosome junctions with the odontoblast newtork, and the cells of each network formed many gap junctions and desmosomes with one another. (2) Nerve endings. The terminal axons formed a succession of appositions with each other or with Schwann cells in the plexus of Raschkow and the cell-free zone, possibly with fibroblasts in the cell-free zone and odontoblast layer, and with odontoblasts in the odontoblast layer, predentin and dentin. The appositions between nerve endings and their companion cells at all levels usually maintained a regular intercellular spacing of at least 15-20 nm. In predentin and dentin, axons could be easily identified by their distinctive vesicles and mitochondria, and they often occurred within clusters of adjacent dentinal tubules; in the odontoblast layer axon identification was much more difficult. Axo-axonic appositions were found in the plexus of Raschkow, the cell-free zone, predentin and dentin; in many cases, bare axons were separated from each other only by a 5-10 nm extracellular space. Dental sensory mechanisms are discussed in relation to these observations. PMID- 7122111 TI - Clinical pharmacokinetics applied to patients with intractable pain: studies with pethidine. AB - The minimum effective analgetic blood concentration (MEAC) of pethidine following intravenous administration was identified in 3 patients with intractable pain. In two patients this value remained the same whether the pethidine was given intravenously, orally or rectally. In the third patient, whose eneral bioavailability was only 20%, the MEAC was not obtained. However, intramuscular administration reliably achieved the MEAC and was useful clinically. During the study period of 3-12 months, the individual patient's MEAC remained similar. Two patients developed dependence on, and tolerance to, pethidine but neither the dependence nor the tolerance appeared to be related to the MEAC. These studies confirm the importance of clinical pharmacokinetic measurements in the investigation and treatment of patients with intractable pain. PMID- 7122112 TI - Plasma morphine concentrations during chronic oral administration in patients with cancer pain. AB - Plasma concentrations of morphine were studied in 16 patients with chronic pain due to advanced cancer, treated with regular doses of morphine chloride by the oral route. Doses ranged from 20 to 125 mg every 4 h and a significant, positive, linear correlation was found between dose (range 0.22-3.01 mg/kg) and mean plasma concentration (range 22-364 ng/ml). The profile of the 4 h concentration curve is described and found to be subject to considerable, individual variation. The present investigation supports the experience that good pain relief can be obtained, if individual requirements as to dose and dose interval are taken into consideration. PMID- 7122113 TI - The accuracy of remembering chronic pain. AB - Twelve chronic pain patients were employed in an investigation of the accuracy of memory for chronic pain. Subjects first made pain ratings before entering a treatment program. At dismissal 3-11 weeks later they were asked to remember how much pain they had had at baseline. Results show that patients remembered having significantly more pain than they actually rated during the baseline period. Caution is therefore warranted when using post-hoc pain measures with chronic pain patients. PMID- 7122114 TI - Potential biobehavioral mechanisms of recurrent abdominal pain in children. AB - To explain why otherwise healthy children experience recurrent episodes of abdominal pain (the recurrent abdominal pain syndrome, or RAP), it has been hypothesized that the child with RAP demonstrates: (1) a deficit in autonomic nervous system recovery to stress, and/or (2) an enhanced behavioral and subjective response to pain. To evaluate the validity of these assumptions, children with RAP (9-14 years) and hospital and healthy controls matched for age, sex, ethnicity and SES were exposed to a cold pressor stimulus (0 +/- 1 degree C). Autonomic (peripheral vasomotor and heart rate), somatic (forearm EMG), subjective (pain intensity and distress), and behavioral (facial expression) responses were recorded during baseline, stressor and recovery periods. At all 4 levels of observation, the cold pressor stimulus resulted in significant autonomic, somatic, subjective and behavioral arousal. However, no significant differential response across the 3 groups was noted for any measure and, in particular, no recovery deficit in autonomic arousal was demonstrated. These findings do not support the assumption of a differential response to an acute laboratory induced stress in children with RAP compared to control children. PMID- 7122115 TI - Contralateral local anaesthesia in the treatment of phantom limb and stump pain. PMID- 7122116 TI - Trypanosoma brucei variable surface antigen is released by degenerating parasites but not by actively dividing parasites. AB - Surface antigen biosynthesis and fate in monomorphic and pleomorphic Trypanosoma brucei was examined to assess how slender and stumpy form T. brucei parasites present their variant specific glycoprotein (VSG) to the host immune system. Monomorphic and pleomorphic T. brucei did not release recently synthesized VSG in vitro. Slender form T. brucei, either from monomorphic or pleomorphic populations, did not release VSG in vivo. Detection of free VSG in plasma from irradiated mice infected with pleomorphic parasites correlated with the appearance of stumpy form parasites and possibly arose as a result of degeneration of those parasites. The in vivo released VSG was found to react well with some but not all antibodies directed against VSG determinants. Monoclonal and monospecific antibodies which react with VSG on living trypanosomes did not react with the released VSG whereas VSG-specific monoclonal antibodies which do not react with the surface of living T. brucei did react with the released VSG. It was unclear whether released VSG had lost a conformational determinant expressed on trypanosome-attached VSG or whether antibodies which react strongly with VSG on living trypanosomes are of such low avidity that they fail to bind released VSG. The results suggest that trypanosome-attached VSG is more important for stimulation of protective humoral responses than released VSG. The requirements for stimulation of protective anti-VSG responses are reported elsewhere (Sendashonga & Black 1982). PMID- 7122117 TI - Humoral responses against Trypanosoma brucei variable surface antigen are induced by degenerating parasites. AB - An analysis was made of the inductive stimuli for anti-T. brucei variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) responses and the role played by humoral immunity in trypanosome wave control. The first wave parasitaemia was influenced by the rate of parasite differentiation from rapidly dividing slender forms to short lived stumpy forms. Remission of first wave parasitaemia was caused by a humoral immune response against external determinants of surface expressed VSG. Anti-VSG responses were accompanied by anti-trypanosome plasma membrane responses and were followed by non-specific responses. Responses appeared to be initiated by fragments of parasites on which VSG external determinants and plasma membrane antigens were accessible and were possibly accelerated and amplified by a trypanosome mitogen which was not VSG. The parasite fragments may have arisen as a result of degeneration of stumpy form but not slender form parasites. PMID- 7122118 TI - [Concept of foci in opisthorchiasis]. AB - The elementary focus of Opisthorchis infection is identified as an area of endemic territory in which is present and realized the risk of infection of an additional host. The focus is identified as an area of endemic territory in which is present and realized the risk of infection of a definitive host. Prerequisites for the formation of the elementary focus and focus of Opisthorchis infection within the endemic territory are considered. PMID- 7122120 TI - [Foci of alveolar hydatid disease In Yakutia]. PMID- 7122119 TI - [Protective properties of the cavitary fluid antigens of Ascaris suum]. AB - Fractions of cavitary fluid of Ascaris (CFA) containing antigens were obtained on membranous filters. Being administered to mice they provide the development of protective immunity of animals to their subsequent infection with invasional eggs of A. suum. In mice immunized with fraction CFA XM-50 the number of A. suum larvae obtained from the lungs on the 7th day of invasion was confidentially lower than in control animals (15.277) +/- 1.825 on the 7th day of invasion was confidentially lower than in control animals (15.277 +/- 1.825 and 58.10 +/- 1.588, respectively, p less than 0.001). Immunisation of mice with fraction XM 300 caused less pronounced protective effect. Low-molecular antigens of the fraction UM-05 possess tolerant properties. In mice immunized with fraction UM-05 the number of A. suum larvae obtained from the lungs on the 7th day after invasion was greater than in control ones (68.22 +/- 6.24 and 49.39 +/- 4.13, respectively, p less than 0.001). PMID- 7122121 TI - Ethidium bromide: pharmacokinetics and efficacy against trypanosme infections in rabbits and calves. AB - [14C]ethidium bromide has been used to determine drug levels in tissues and body fluids of rabbits and calves following intramuscular injection. Uninfected and Trypanosoma brucei- or Trypanosoma congolense-infected animals were studied. Blood and tissue fluid level reached a maximum with 1 h and then fell rapidly; after 96 h 80-90% of the radioactivity injected had been excreted, approximately one third in urine and two thirds in faeces. By 1 h after injection of 1 mg [14C]ethidium/kg into a T. congolense-infected calf, 70-80% of the radioactivity in blood was found to be bound to trypanosomes. Doses of 1 or 10 mg/kg were found not to be curative for T congolense or T. brucei infections in rabbits: drug treatment resulted in a period of sub-patent parasitaemia which was always followed by a relapse. Examination of the prophylactic action of ethidium in rabbits showed that the drug extended the pre-patent period following trypanosome inoculation but provided no absolute protection. A period of "apparent' prophylaxis observed after drug treatment of infected rabbits has been correlated with the presence of anti-trypanosome IgG in the serum. PMID- 7122122 TI - Microelectrode studies of the tegument and sub-tegumental compartments of male Schistosoma mansoni: anatomical location of sources of electrical potentials. AB - Histological studies using horse-radish peroxidase (HRP) as a marker, injected iontophoretically through a recording electrode, have indicated the origins of potentials encountered upon advancement of the electrode into and beneath the dorsal surface of adult male Schistosoma mansoni. The first potential encountered, having a value of -51 +/- 0.6 mV originates across the outer tegumental membrane. The next potential has a value of -28 +/- 0.6 mV and originates in the muscle masses underlying the tegument. Finally, a potential having the value -10 +/- 0.5 mV originates within the basal lamina and the interstitial fibers and extracellular space surrounding the muscle. Altering ion concentrations in the bathing medium (i.e. high K+, low Na+, zero Ca2+, low Cl-, high Li+) depolarizes all three potentials. External applications of ouabain and the antischistosomal, praziquantel, also cause depolarization of the potentials. It appears that the muscle potential and the tegumental potential are primarily K+-dependent. The depolarizing effects of ouabain. LiCl and low Na+ suggest that active transport is important in the maintenance of the muscle potential, just as is the case for the tegumental potential. There appears to be a close correlation between changes in the tegumental, muscle and extracellular space potentials. The correlation between tegument and muscle potential changes might be explained by junctional complexes between tegumental cell bodies and muscle cell bodies. PMID- 7122123 TI - Microelectrode studies of the tegument and sub-tegumental compartments of male Schistosoma mansoni: an analysis of electrophysiological properties. AB - Standard intracellular microelectrode techniques were used to determine the electrical properties of the tegument and sub-tegumental regions in male Schistosoma mansoni. Three distinct compartments of electrical potential were observed. The resting potentials recovered in these compartments of -45.9 +/- 2.5 mV (Eteg), -22.0 +/- 1.1 mV (E2) and -4.7 +/- 03 mV (E3) corroborate those previously reported by Fetterer, Pax & Bennett (1980) and Bricker, Pax & Bennett (1981). Input resistance was measured in each compartment and was found to be 4. 5 M omega (tegument), 9.2 M omega (E2) and 3.5 M omega (E3). Time-constants for the tegument, E2 and E3 were 0.24 +/- 0.01 msec, 0.25 +/- 0.01 msec and 0.13 +/- 0.01 msec, respectively. Multiple electrode experiments revealed that the tegument and E2 compartment are electrical syncytia with similar current spreading capabilities. Low resistance pathways also appear to connect the tegument and E2 region, since electrotonic signals initiated in either of those compartments experience only a 15-25% reduction upon passing into the other. Injecting large (greater than 200 nA) depolarizing current pulses into the tegument or E2 compartment often resulted in the initiation of active membrane responses. These spikes were highly variable, ranging from 4 to 75 mV in magnitude (occasionally overshooting zero potential by as much as 25 mV) and from 10-40 msec in duration. The responses were not actively propagated along the parasite, and their decay over distance was approximately equal to that predicted on the basis of length constant values obtained from electronic signals. The addition of a non-diffusible solute to the recording medium resulted in a significant reduction in the current-spreading capacity of both the tegument and E2 compartment. Coupling ratios between the tegument and E2 compartment. Coupling ratios between the tegument and E2 compartment were decreased, and the input resistance for both compartments increased, while resting potentials remained constant. Active responses could not be evoked in schistosomes exposed to the hyperosmotic medium. PMID- 7122124 TI - Inhibited development of Ostertagia ostertagi in relation to production systems for cattle. AB - On a coastal farm in New South Wales where beef and dairy cattle production was carried on side-by-side, separate pasture plots were contaminated with eggs of Ostertagia ostertagi by calves from each production system in autumn, winter or spring. Successive groups of parasite-free tracer calves grazed on the plots for 14 days at 4-week intervals and were then killed for worm counts 14 days after removal from pasture. On all plots, the proportion of inhibited early 4th-stage larvae in tracer calves reached a maximum in spring, and was consistently and very significantly higher in calves which grazed plots contaminated with O. ostertagi of beef cattle origin. Factors which may be responsible for this difference between beef and dairy cattle populations of O. ostertagi are discussed. PMID- 7122125 TI - Inhibition of development of Ostertagia ostertagi--effect of temperature on the infective larval stage. AB - Populations of Ostertagia ostertagi established from fresh larvae and from larvae stored at 4 degrees C for up to 12 weeks contained about 10% inhibited early 4th stage larvae. This value rose to 21% after 16 weeks, due to an increase in numbers of inhibited larvae while adult numbers remained unchanged. Storage at 15 degrees C had no effect. In the case of larvae stored at 4 degrees C for 8 weeks, increasing the larval dose to 90000 had no significant effect on the proportion of the dose which was inhibited. The response to low temperature storage was much weaker than in previously reported studies on British populations, which accords with our earlier conclusion that low temperature cannot be the effective stimulus for inhibition in Australia. PMID- 7122126 TI - Observations on the development and survival of the free-living stages of Hyostrongylus rubidus both in their natural environments out-of-doors and under controlled conditions in the laboratory. AB - Faces containing eggs of Hyostrongylus rubidus were deposited on grass plots each month throughout 1980. Eggs in faeces deposited on plots from May to October developed into infective larvae but in May development was completed only in artificially moistened faeces, the weather was warm and dry and natural faeces dried out rapidly resulting in the death of eggs and pre-infective larvae. For the remainder of this period the weather was sufficiently warm and wet for development to be completed. More eggs developed into infective larvae on plots with well-grown herbage than on plots with short herbage. In April a few eggs survived and developed into 1st-stage larvae but no further development took place. In the laboratory development was completed at temperatures ranging from 10 to 27 degrees C but no development took place at 4 degrees C. Out-of-doors infective larvae survived on herbage for up to 10 months while in the laboratory, infective larvae suspended in tap water survived even longer to 10 and 22 degrees C, but the larvae were rapidly killed by continuous freezing and by desiccation when the relative humidity was less than 95%. The relationship between climatic conditions and the development and survival of the free-living stages is discussed and a comparison made with the free-living stages of Oesophagostomum dentatum. PMID- 7122127 TI - Genetic control of resistance to infection with Nematospiroides dubius in mice: selection of high and low immune responder populations of mice. AB - F1, Quackenbush (Q) x Wild (W) Mus musculus were assayed and selected for their level of immunity to secondary infections with 100 Nematospiroides dubius using faecal parasite egg counts. A significant positive linear correlation was found between the number of parasite eggs voided in the faeces and the number of N. dubius recovered after secondary infections in mice. Selection for immunity was not influenced by the conformation of the mice. High (H) and low (L) responder colonies together with a randomly (Rd) bred colony of mice were established over 5 generations. Adaptive immunity was more efficacious in protecting female than male mice and appeared to be controlled by a few dominant genes; the heritability (h2) of the trait was estimated at 0.56 for the parental stock and 0.55 for the F5 Rd colony and the realized heritability was 0.49. Higher anti-N. dubius antibody titres were detected in H than L mice. H mice harboured fewer and less fecund parasites than Rd colony mice; L mice had more worms with greater fecundities than Rd mice. The levels of primary infections in H and L mice related to the levels developed after secondary infection from F4. This suggested at least partial linkage of genes controlling innate with genes controlling adaptive immunity against N. dubius. PMID- 7122128 TI - Experimental infection of laboratory rats with Corynosoma semerme (Acanthocephala). AB - Ten albino rats injected with hydrocortisone were infected with 36-66 cystacanths of Corynosoma semerme in order to study the course of infection in a warm-blooded animal. Surveys were carried out 2, 5, 8, 14, 18, 21 and 28 days after infection. Recovery decreased from 60% after 2-5 days to 22% after 28 days. The proportion of males dropped markedly before the 8th day of infection. The worms were concentrated in the latter half of the intestine, the males being in a more anterior location on average. The males matured between the 2nd and 5th day of infection. Disintegrated ovaries were observed in some of the 2-day-old females, but mature free ovaries were seen only in 5-day-old females. By the 14th day many females contained fully developed eggs, but it was only after the 18th day that the number of eggs increased considerably. Male worms were not encountered in the 4-week-old infection. The females were longer than the males. In the present study, experimental infections are compared with other acanthocephalan infections in both birds and mammals. PMID- 7122131 TI - Periodic disk-like structures of the loop of Henle: description of a newly recognized anatomic network. AB - A light-microscopic examination of sections of kidneys from 35 patients was performed utilizing the PAS stain. A previously unrecognized anatomic network of the basement membrane of the loop of Henle is described. The network consists of 10-to 15-mu-diameter, round-to-ovoid, disk-like areas of thickening of the basement membrane occurring along most loops of Henle and appearing to be present on both thin and thick portions. These disks are present around the entire circumference of the tubule and are separated by areas of 5 to 10 mu of nonthickened basement membranes. Their function, if any, is not presently understood. PMID- 7122129 TI - Classification of premalignant urothelial abnormalities. A Delphi study of the National Bladder Cancer Collaborative Group A. PMID- 7122130 TI - "Clear-cell" change within duct and lobular epithelium of the human breast. PMID- 7122132 TI - [Microcirculatory bed of the lungs in an effect on the right vagus nerve]. PMID- 7122133 TI - [Vascular permeability in diseases of the respiratory organs]. PMID- 7122134 TI - [Pathogenesis of hemodynamic pulmonary edema]. PMID- 7122135 TI - [Causes of acute high-altitude pulmonary edema]. PMID- 7122136 TI - [Myocardial energy metabolism in traumatic shock in puppies]. PMID- 7122137 TI - [Characteristics of lipogenesis processes in the liver in experimental burns]. PMID- 7122138 TI - [Effect of hypokinesia on the resistance of the heart to hypoxia]. PMID- 7122139 TI - [Effect of allyl alcohol on bile acid metabolism and cellular ultrastructure of the rat liver]. PMID- 7122140 TI - [Possibility of restoring the cerebral blood flow in cerebral ischemia by injecting special polymers into the blood]. PMID- 7122141 TI - [Corticosteroid biosynthesis from 14C-progesterone in the dynamics of the development of spontaneous hypertension in rats]. PMID- 7122142 TI - [Changes in mineralized tissues after calcitonin and somatotropic hormone administration in hypokinesia]. PMID- 7122143 TI - [Dynamics of the morphofunctional changes in the wall fo the posterior vena cava of rats with chronic venous hypertension]. PMID- 7122144 TI - [Effect of denervation and tendotomy on oxidative phosphorylation in rabbit skeletal muscles and the resistance of phosphorylation to uncoupling agents]. PMID- 7122145 TI - [Modeling clinical death and postresuscitation disease in rats]. PMID- 7122146 TI - Evaluation and management of drug problems in adolescents. AB - With the emergence of recreational alcohol and marijuana use as normative behaviors in the older adolescent population, and the recognition of both addictive and problematic drug use as issues which impact upon teenagers, the health care professional has been left no option but to participate in the prevention of morbidity and mortality related to the use of psychoactive drugs. This participation requires knowledge of the role of these intoxicants in contributing to developmental dysfunction, family stress and accidents in the teenage population. By applying the interviewing skills, preventive health strategies and counseling techniques which have been used successfully in other aspects of childhood health care, health professionals should be well equipped to identify teenagers at risk from drug use and devise achievable goals and appropriate intervention for the reduction of illness secondary to such drug use. PMID- 7122148 TI - The use of the clinical laboratory in the diagnosis and treatment of substance abuse. PMID- 7122147 TI - The adolescent as a drug abuser: a paradigm for intervention. PMID- 7122149 TI - Preventing regular teenage cigarette smoking. PMID- 7122150 TI - Pediatricians and general practitioners: a comparison of the management of children with febrile illness. AB - To assess the relative competence of pediatricians and general practitioners in managing febrile illnesses in childhood, a prospective study was undertaken of 259 children less than 10 years of age seen consecutively at the emergency room of a children's hospital and a general hospital. Both groups of patients were similar in demographic characteristics, age, sex, presenting complaints, and height and duration of fever. Of the 148 patients entered in the study at children's hospital and the 111 at general hospital, 90% and 94%, respectively, were interviewed by telephone within two weeks of their emergency room visit to determine outcomes based on duration of the acute illness episode and further physician contacts or admissions to hospital. Although no significant differences in the measured outcomes of febrile illnesses seen by pediatricians or general practitioners were found, a trend in favor of those cared for by pediatricians was discernible with respect to two key measures: unresolved symptoms at one week (8.3% vs 12.5%) and subsequent hospitalization (0.8% vs 3.0%). The overall frequency of laboratory use and antibiotic prescriptions was the same in both groups; however, significant differences were noted in the type of laboratory test used: general practitioners ordered three times more roentgenograms than pediatricians and one fifth the number of microbiologic tests. Larger prospective studies are needed to test how these findings may be generalized in view of their importance for quality assurance in the primary care of children. PMID- 7122151 TI - A neonatal screening test for argininosuccinic acid lyase deficiency and other urea cycle disorders. AB - A simple enzyme-multiple auxotroph assay has been developed for the identification of newborn infants with several of the inherited metabolic defects in the Krebs cycle for the detoxification of ammonia and in the ornithine metabolic pathway. This mass screening test is used with dried filter paper blood specimens and can easily be added to existing multiple testing programs presently used in screening for phenylketonuria or congenital hypothyroidism. This assay can be used to detect patients with citrullinemia, argininosuccinic acid lyase deficiency, and argininemia. In addition to these urea cycle disorders, the several types of ornithinemia, which can result in gyrate atrophy of the retina or mental retardation, should be detectable with this assay. The strengths and weaknesses of this assay are discussed and a large-scale pilot screening trial is proposed. PMID- 7122153 TI - Perinatal transmitted acute icteric hepatitis B in infants born to hepatitis B surface antigen-positive and anti-hepatitis Be-positive carrier mothers. AB - Three infants born to mothers who were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive and had antibody to hepatitis Be antigen (anti-HBe), developed acute icteric hepatitis B within three months of birth. All three infants clinically recovered and developed circulating anti-HBs. Contrary to previous studies, these three cases indicate that mother-infant transmission of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) does occur in infants born to HBsAg-positive, HBe-Ag-negative carrier mothers, and these infants may develop severe acute icteric hepatitis. Therefore, immunoprophylaxis in such newborns may be indicated. PMID- 7122152 TI - beta-hydroxyisobutyryl coenzyme A deacylase deficiency: a defect in valine metabolism associated with physical malformations. AB - An infant, born to parents who were first cousins had multiple physical malformations. An associated biochemical abnormality was suggested by the urinary excretion of cysteine and cysteamine conjugates of methacrylic acid. The coenzyme A (CoA) ester of this compound is an intermediate in the pathway of valine oxidation. Subsequent investigation revealed a deficiency of beta hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA deacylase, an enzyme unique to valine metabolism. The enzyme defect results in accumulation of methacrylyl-CoA, a highly reactive compound, which readily undergoes addition reactions with free sulfhydryl groups. Tissue damage due to reactions between methacrylyl-CoA and important sulfhydryl containing enzymes and cofactors may account for the teratogenic effects seen in this patient. PMID- 7122154 TI - The relative severity of acute versus chronic salicylate poisoning in children: a clinical comparison. AB - To evaluate the relative severity of acute vs chronic salicylate poisoning in children, 112 cases (65 acute and 47 chronic) of salicylate poisoning (salicylate concentration greater than or equal to 20 mg/100 ml) admitted to The Children's Hospital Medical Center in Boston and Primary Children's Medical Center in Salt Lake City between the years 1967 and 1978 were analyzed. Hyperventilation (P less than .01), dehydration (P less than .001), and severe central nervous system manifestations (P less than .001) occurred more frequently in the chronic group and remained more frequent (P less than .01) when patients having disease states capable of producing these signs and symptoms were removed from statistical analysis. At three separate salicylate concentration ranges (20 to 39, 40 to 59, and greater than or equal to 60 mg/100 ml) hyperventilation, dehydration, and severe CNS manifestations tended to occur with greater frequency in the chronic group. When severity of salicylate poisoning was categorized based on a combination of signs and symptoms, mild cases occurred more frequently in the chronic group. Finally, systemic acidosis (pH less than 7.32) was found more frequently in the chronic group (P less than .01), more frequently in patients with severe manifestations than in those with mild manifestations, and in patients with dehydration (P less than .01) and severe CNS manifestations (P less than .05). Based on the variables evaluated, chronic salicylism produces a greater morbidity than does acute salicylate poisoning in the pediatric patient. PMID- 7122155 TI - Analysis of causes of neonatal death in the United States with specific emphasis on fatal hyaline membrane disease. AB - National mortality statistics for hyaline membrane disease (HMD) and the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and other major causalities were examined in this study for the years 1968 to 1978. A progressive reduction in total neonatal deaths began in 1971 such that only 56% as many newborn deaths occurred in 1978 as in 1968 (31,618 vs 66,456). In each of the 11 years surveyed, the majority of deaths occurred during the first four days of life, with more than half of the infants dying before 48 hours of age. HMD/RDS was the leading cause of death during nine of the 11 years analyzed, accounting for an average 19.5% of neonatal fatalities. Deaths associated with HMD/RDS increased for 1968 to 1971 plateaved and progressively decreased in the ensuing years between 1974 and 1978. Thus, the percent of all neonatal deaths attributable to HMD/RDS increased from 14.7% in 1968 to a maximum of 21.3% in 1974, before declining to 17.5% in 1978. The average contribution of other major causes of death to overall neonatal mortality were: perinatal asphyxia, 13.4%; immaturity, 13.4%; and complications of pregnancy, 11.1%. These data indicate that: (1) despite the declining incidence of fatal HMD/RDS the disorder accounted for an increasing percent of total deaths through the later part of the 11-year period; (2) prevention and/or improved management of asphyxia made the most significant (29%) contribution to reduced neonatal mortality; (3) less change occurred in fatal complications of pregnancy, implying a continuing need for improved maternal/fetal care. Comparing national mortality statistics with those of Wisconsin suggests that further reduction in HMD/RDS death rates should be possible and could have a marked influence on national neonatal mortality statistics. PMID- 7122156 TI - Maternal diabetes and neonatal macrosomia. I. Postpartum maternal hemoglobin A1c levels and neonatal hypoglycemia. AB - Hemoglobin A1c (HgbA1c) levels were determined within 24 hours after delivery in 88 nondiabetic and 73 diabetic women belonging to White's classes A to D. Diet controlled gestational diabetic women had mean (+/- SE) Hgb A1c levels similar to those of nondiabetics (5.8 +/- 0.18% vs 5.7 +/- 0.08%). Mean Hgb A1c levels were higher in insulin-requiring gestational (6.4 +/- 0.20%, P less than .05) and permanent (6.5 +/- 0.27%, P less than .05) diabetics than in nondiabetics. The proportions of subjects with levels above the normal range were also larger in the insulin-requiring groups. Mean Hgb A1c levels and the proportions of abnormally high levels were similar for mothers of macrosomic and of normally grown neonates in the nondiabetic as well as in the various diabetes groups. There was no correlation between maternal Hgb A1c level and neonatal birth weight, either real or relative. There were also no statistically significant differences in mean Hgb A1c levels between mothers of neonates with or without hypoglycemia within four hours of birth. Hgb A1c measurement did not permit differentiation between those mothers of macrosomic neonates who were diabetic and those who were not. In conclusion, although Hgb A1c level has been shown to reflect diabetic control, our data suggest that it may not be reliable as an indicator of fine tuning during the third trimester of pregnancy or as a predictor of the effects of diabetes on the fetus. PMID- 7122157 TI - The role of parental information in the incidence of circumcision. PMID- 7122160 TI - Spontaneous perforation of the extrahepatic bile ducts in an infant. PMID- 7122158 TI - 'Hide-a-bed' hideaways: a potential source of entrapment. PMID- 7122159 TI - Infantile water intoxication after a swimming lesson. PMID- 7122161 TI - Oral herpesvirus infection in nursery personnel: infection control policy. PMID- 7122162 TI - Combined passive and active immunization for preventing perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus carrier state. AB - Prevention of perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus carrier state in neonates at high risk was attempted by a combined passive and active immunization. Immediately after delivery, ten babies born to mothers who were asymptomatic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and seropositive for hepatitis B e antigen received an intravenous injection of F(ab')2 fragments (200 IU) derived from hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG). On the following day, none of them revealed detectable levels of the antibody to HBsAg in their sera, and received an intramuscular injection of HBIG (200 IU) which was repeated at 2 and 4 months of age. Vaccination with 40 micrograms of purified, formalin-inactivated HBsAg particles was given to the nine babies at three months and repeated at 4, 5, and 7 months after birth. All of them maintained detectable levels of the antibody and escaped infection throughout the first 12 months of their lives. The one baby who did not have detectable F(ab')2 in serum for 24 hours developed persistent HBs antigenemia which was noticed as early as seven days after birth. PMID- 7122163 TI - Screening for pharyngeal gonorrhea in the urban teenager. AB - A retrospective chart review assessed the occurrence of pharyngeal gonorrhea among 546 teenagers who attended a general adolescent clinic and were cultured for gonorrhea; they had been routinely cultured at three sites (cervix/urethra, rectum, and pharynx) regardless of their history of sexual practice. No record of specific sexual practice was available. This population was predominantly urban, black, and female; the age range was 11 to 22 years (mean = 16.5). The overall occurrence of gonorrhea was 14.7% (80/546). Pharyngeal gonorrhea was detected in 2.7% of the study population, representing 12 females and three males. Of the 80 patients with gonorrhea, 15% had only pharyngeal gonorrhea. History was available for 13/15 patients none had pharyngeal symptoms. Approximately half were detected by routine screening at a family planning visit; the remainder had complaints related to sexually transmitted disease. The occurrence of pharyngeal gonorrhea is sufficiently high to merit study of the indications for pharyngeal culture of teenaged patients. Given the potential for disseminated infection and absence of information regarding the reliability of self-report, it currently appears appropriate to culture adolescents routinely for pharyngeal gonorrhea, regardless of stated sexual practice, whenever genital cultures are collected. PMID- 7122164 TI - Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia in infancy: long-term follow-up study of 49 subjects. AB - A follow-up study of 49 individuals with paroxysmal atrial tachycardia in infancy is reported. Forty subjects had supraventricular tachycardia and nine had atrial flutter/fibrillation. The mean follow-up period was 24 years. Males whose ECGs showed preexcitation displayed the highest rate of recurrences (approximately 60%) in the long-term follow-up. Approximately 30% of the subjects without preexcitation in the ECG displayed episodes of supraventricular tachycardia in their third decade. Eight-six percent of the children of the subjects in the present series were males. The prognosis is good in the absence of congenital heart disease. PMID- 7122165 TI - A new age for pediatrics: change, challenge, and cost. PMID- 7122166 TI - Screening for lethal genetic disease. PMID- 7122168 TI - Why not use acetaminophen for fever? PMID- 7122167 TI - Neural tube defects: a two-pronged approach to primary prevention. PMID- 7122169 TI - Breast-feeding during pediatric residency: is 'breast-fed is best fed' only for others? PMID- 7122170 TI - Hyponatremia in Kawasaki disease. PMID- 7122172 TI - On teaching endotracheal intubation. PMID- 7122171 TI - Pulmonary artery sling: a follow-up. PMID- 7122173 TI - Car seats. PMID- 7122174 TI - Free bilirubin is of importance. PMID- 7122176 TI - Teenagers and breast-feeding. PMID- 7122175 TI - Zinc toxicity. PMID- 7122178 TI - The proper evaluation of bone age. PMID- 7122177 TI - Skull roentgenograms; soft conclusions. PMID- 7122179 TI - [Serum alkaline phosphatases in very low-birth-weight premature infants]. PMID- 7122180 TI - [Non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage in the full-term newborn infant]. PMID- 7122181 TI - [Relation between the first feeding of the newborn infant and the serum bilirubin level]. PMID- 7122182 TI - [A case of Dandy-Walker malformation. Diagnosis and monitoring using transfontanelle echotomography]. PMID- 7122185 TI - [Peranesthetic familial malignant hyperthermia]. PMID- 7122183 TI - [Blindness and early renal insufficiency. Apropos of a case with tubulo interstitial nephritis and renal cysts]. PMID- 7122186 TI - Physical and cognitive dimensions in stimulus comparison. PMID- 7122184 TI - [Myasthenia: the value of plasma exchange before thymectomy]. PMID- 7122187 TI - Vibrotactile masking: a comparison of energy and pattern maskers. PMID- 7122188 TI - A tactile metacontrast effect. PMID- 7122189 TI - The availability of useful information to the right of fixation in reading. PMID- 7122190 TI - Distance adaptation depends upon plasticity in the oculomotor control system. PMID- 7122191 TI - Power functions of loudness magnitude estimations and auditory brainstem evoked responses. PMID- 7122192 TI - Binaural masking of tones by tones: effects of uncertainty regarding the phase angle of addition of signal to masker. PMID- 7122193 TI - Same-different reaction times studied with a flash masking technique. PMID- 7122194 TI - Temperature can sharpen tactile acuity. PMID- 7122196 TI - A review of the formulas for the standard error of a threshold from the method of constant stimuli. PMID- 7122195 TI - The influence of eye movements and illumination on auditory localization. PMID- 7122198 TI - The internal representation of information in the form of hierarchies. PMID- 7122197 TI - More about the letter-frequency effect. PMID- 7122200 TI - The trisomy 9-syndrome. PMID- 7122201 TI - Developmental aspects of twins, twinning, and chimerism. PMID- 7122202 TI - Childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in current histologic perspective. PMID- 7122199 TI - On the "misguided" use of reaction-time differences: a discussion of Ratcliff and Hacker (1981). PMID- 7122203 TI - Diagnostic pathologic investigation of the malformed conceptus. PMID- 7122204 TI - Anticipatory postural changes induced by active unloading and comparison with passive unloading in man. AB - Normal human subjects, sitting in a chair, were required to maintain stable elbow flexion against loads of 0.5 kg or 1.0 kg. Unloading was affected either 'passively' by the experimenter, or 'actively' with the subject's own contralateral arm. Elbow angle, force exerted by the load, and electromyographic activity (EMG) of biceps and triceps muscles of both arms were recorded and averaged. 'Passive' unloading was followed by a reduction of biceps EMG activity, starting 50--80 ms after weight lift, and by an upward deflection of the forearm. With 'active' unloading, however, a reduction of the biceps EMG activity slightly preceded the onset of unloading (0--30 ms). This reduction of the 'actively' unloading arm occurred at about the same time as the activity of the contralateral unloading arm. In this experiment, the unloaded forearm maintained an almost stable position. Thus, the anticipatory adjustment of elbow posture, observed when unloading was performed by the subject, appears to optimize limb stability during the mechanical perturbation. PMID- 7122206 TI - Arterial chemoreceptor inhibition by a single inspirate containing carbon monoxide is accounted for by raised arterial PO2. AB - Carbon monoxide (CO) slugs (10--100 ml) injected into the inspired air of 6 hypoxic, anaesthetized cats reduced carotid body chemoreceptor discharge. The inhibition was invariably associated with a sharp rise in Pa, O2 which was continuously recorded by a fast responding intravascular electrode. This suggests that CO in solution in the blood leaving the lungs displaces O2 from blood after it was left the exchange region and that the displaced O2 raises the Pa, O2 and inhibits chemoreceptor discharge. Our results provide no support for the idea that a haemoglobin-like pigment is involved in the mechanism of arterial chemoreceptor excitation. PMID- 7122205 TI - Urea reabsorption in the medullary collecting duct of protein-depleted young rats before and after urea infusion. PMID- 7122207 TI - The contribution of the parallel and series elastic components to the dynamic properties of the rat tail artery under two different smooth muscle tones. AB - The dynamic elastic modulus (Ed) and the coefficient of wall viscosity (eta w) of the tail artery of normotensive rats were determined as functions of the circumferential wall stress under quasistatic and dynamic conditions. The experiments were performed under strong smooth muscle activation induced by norepinephrine, and during relaxation induced by papaverine. The following results were obtained. 1. Ed and eta w increase with increasing wall stress. At a given wall stress, Ed is virtually independent of frequency while eta w decreases markedly with increasing frequency. This behaviour of eta w is called thixotropy or pseudoplasticity. 2. In the wall stress range from 5--60 kPa the values of Ed, and in the wall stress range from 60--140 kPa those of eta w obtained under smooth muscle activation and during relaxation are virtually identical. 3. In the relaxed smooth muscle, the phase angles between sinusoidal pressure and radius changes area virtually independent of the mean wall stress at all frequencies. In the low stress range, the phase angles are greater at low frequencies in the activated state than in the relaxed state, decrease with increasing wall stress, and are virtually identical to the values under papaverine at high wall stresses. At high frequencies no dependence of the phase angles on the mean wall stress can be seen. PMID- 7122208 TI - Effect of electrical stimulation and exercise on the phosphorylation state of myosin light chains from fish skeletal muscle. PMID- 7122209 TI - The effect of renal perfusion pressure on renal vascular resistance in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - Renal hemodynamics and renal vascular resistance (RVR) were measured in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and in the normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rat (WKY). In addition, the autoregulatory response and segmental RVR in the SHR were studied after aortic constriction. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and RVR were higher in the SHR than in the WKY, but renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate were similar in both groups. Measurement of mean afferent arteriolar diameter (AAD) by a microsphere method showed a significantly smaller AAD in SHR (17.7 +/- 0.35 micrometers) than in the WKY (19.5 +/- 0.20 micrometers). This decrease in AAD could account for a 47% increase in preglomerular resistance. Aortic constriction in the SHR, sufficient to reduce renal perfusion pressure from 152 to 115 mmHg, did not alter the AAD. Since RBF and glomerular filtration were also well maintained following aortic constriction, these autoregulatory responses suggest that vessels proximal to the afferent arteriole rather than postglomerular vasculature are primarily involved in the changes on intrarenal vascular resistance in SHR. PMID- 7122210 TI - Water turnover and the measurement of milk intake. AB - Physiologically acceptable methods for estimating milk intake in experimental animals area based on the measurement of rates of disappearance of 3H2O from their body-water. This work discusses the problems involved in using methods of this type when steady-states (constant trace inflow and outflow rates, and constant pool-size) do not exist. Theoretically sound techniques are developed and their use justified. PMID- 7122211 TI - Exteriorized lymphatico-venous shunts in conscious rats. AB - Surgical techniques for establishing fistulas of the hepatic and intestinal lymphatics and thoracic duct in conscious rats are described. Continuous recirculation of the lymph into the vena cava inferior is performed by a device which measures flow velocity before returning the lymph to the animal through a permanent venous catheter. Clotting is prevented in all cases by constant infusion of an anticoagulant solution (containing heparin or Na-citrate) into the top of the indwelling catheter. PMID- 7122212 TI - Characterization of the pyruvate kinase which induces the low 2,3-DPG level of fetal rabbit red cells. AB - The low 2,3-disphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) level of fetal rabbit red cells has been attributed previously to a very high pyruvate kinase (PK) activity. The present report shows that the high PK activity is associated with a distinct fetal isozyme. Fetal and adult rabbit red cell PK were characterized by the methods recommended by the International Committee for Standardization in Haematology. Fetal red cell PK differed from the adult enzyme by its greater thermostability, lower affinities for phosphoenolpyruvate and ADP, higher nucleotide specificity and lower ATP inhibition. Marked electrophoretic differences were not detected. Our results indicate that there is a developmental change in red cell PK isozyme expression in the rabbit. We do not know, however, if this change arises at the gene level or from cell-age dependent postsynthetic modifications of the enzyme. But in view of the role of PK in the control of the 2,3-DPG level and thereby of the oxygen affinity of red blood cells, we assume that the physiological significance of the PK isozyme change is akin to that of the switch from fetal to adult hemoglobin in other species. PMID- 7122213 TI - Ion fluxes and electrical characteristics of the short-circuited rat colon in vitro. AB - The unidirectional fluxes of sodium and chloride across stripped rat colon mucosa were measured and compared with the electrical characteristics of the tissue under voltage-clamped conditions. The relationship between the serosal-mucosal fluxes of the two ions and an imposed potential revealed that the serosal-mucosal flux of sodium was entirely paracellular, whereas there was also a transcellular component of the corresponding chloride flux. In the absence of sodium, the short circuit current and net chloride flux were abolished; in the absence of chloride, the net sodium flux was reduced but not abolished, and the short-circuit current was unchanged. From an analysis of the effects of the inhibitors, amiloride, theophylline, acetazolamide, furosemide and piretanide, a plausible model was developed to explain the characteristics of these transports. It was proposed that both membranes possess Cl-/HCO-3 antiports, though their sensitivities to inhibitors were different. There is also a Na+/Cl- symport and an electrogenic sodium entry mechanism in the brushborder membrane. PMID- 7122214 TI - Effects of inhibition of chloride transport on intracellular sodium activity in distal amphibian nephron. AB - Previous experiments had demonstrated that cell chloride activities in early distal tubule cells of Amphiuma are above equilibrium distribution. Chloride activities fell sharply towards electrochemical equilibrium following perfusion of the tubular lumen with furosemide or with sodium-free solutions. These results suggested a furosemide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransport system in the luminal cell membrane. The present experiments were carried out to evaluate directly the electrochemical driving forces acting on sodium ions under similar experimental conditions. Intracellular sodium activity measurements were performed in the doubly-perfused kidney of Amphiuma by means of single-barreled liquid ion-exchange microelectrodes. Basolateral cell membrane potential and resistance ratio measurements of tubular cell membranes were also carried out under control conditions and after inhibition of chloride transport by luminal application of furosemide (5 . 10(-5) mol/l) or by omission of chloride. Control conditions were characterized by a steep downhill electrochemical gradient for sodium ions from lumen to cell. Inhibition of chloride transport led to a sharp decrease of intracellular sodium activity and to hyperpolarization of the peritubular membrane potential while the resistance ratio of the tubular cell membranes did not change significantly. These results demonstrate the presence of low cellular sodium activities in early distal tubule cells. The sharp decline of cell sodium after furosemide and after luminal chloride removal is consistent with inhibition of a sodium chloride cotransport system and continued peritubular sodium extrusion. The latter can increase the electrochemical gradient of sodium ions beyond that observed under control conditions. PMID- 7122215 TI - Slow recovery of the maximal rate of rise (Vmax) of the action potential in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibers. PMID- 7122216 TI - Evidence for initiation of calcium spikes in C-cells of the rabbit nodose ganglion. AB - In Na+-free solution or in tetrodotoxin (TTX, 10(-6) M) solution, direct electrical stimulation of nodose ganglion C-cells of the rabbit elicited regenerative action potentials. The amplitude of the action potentials generated in these neurons is dependent on the external Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]0). These action potentials were characterized by reduced amplitude, prolonged duration, and graded responses to changes of the stimulation intensity. Either removal of [Ca2+]0 or application of organic Ca2+-blocking agents, diltiazem (10(-5) M) or verapamil (10(-5) M), abolished these action potentials. The conduction of action potentials along the axon was blocked in Na+-free solution or by application of TTX. The present results provide evidence for the initiation of Ca2+-dependent action potentials in the soma membrane of mammalian nodose ganglia, and suggest that the Ca2+ ion plays an important role in the development of action potentials in the C-cell of rabbit nodose ganglia. PMID- 7122217 TI - Dissociation of K+-induced tension and cellular Ca2+ retention in vascular and intestinal smooth muscle in normoxia and hypoxia. AB - In experiments on smooth muscle preparations of rabbit aorta and guinea pig taenia coli, replacement of the external Na+ with K+ produced sustained contraction. When external K+ concentration was increased, cellular Ca2+ retention as measured by a modified lanthanum technique increased. However, when K+ concentration was above 80 mM, the tension decreased despite an increase in Ca2+ retention. Maximum amount of Ca2+ retained was 1280 nmol/g in aorta and 980 nmol/g in taenia coli while the control values for both tissues were approximately 430 nmol/g when the external Ca2+ concentration was 2.5 mM. Under hypoxia (N2 aeration), sustained contraction was induced by 80 mM K+ in aorta and by 45.4 mM K+ (and 55 mM glucose) in taenia coli. However, no increase in the cellular Ca2+ retention was observed under these conditions. During the K+ induced sustained contraction in aorta, introduction of N2 transiently increased, while readmission of O2 transiently decreased the muscle tension. In taenia coli, the introduction of N2 decreased the sustained contractile tension probably because of an ATP deficiency, while the readmission of O2 further decreased the tension transiently. From these results, it is concluded that, in the presence of a high concentration of K+, external Ca2+ enters the cell and activates the contractile machinery. A part of the cellular Ca2+ is taken up by mitochondria under normoxic but not under hypoxic conditions. PMID- 7122218 TI - The distribution of diffusion distances in the gastrocnemius muscle of various mammals during maturation. AB - Large changes in fiber size, capillary density and capillary/fiber architecture occur during maturation of mammalian skeletal muscle. To examine the effect of these changes on oxygen diffusion distance, the mean (R) and maximal (R95) distances from the capillary to the tissue were measured in the gastrocnemius of maturing guinea pigs, rats and dogs. Hyperbolic relationships between capillary density and R and between capillary density and R95 were found for the combined data from these three species. The R and R95 increased with decreasing CD in growing guinea pigs and rats, but they remained constant in dogs. Statistical analyses showed that the capillaries in this muscle in all three species tended to be distributed in ordered arrays. These anatomical measurements are discussed in relation to their potential physiological impact on oxygen delivery to tissues. PMID- 7122219 TI - The central reciprocal control of nasal vasomotor oscillations. AB - 1. Nasal vasomotor oscillations were studied in 23 anaesthetised cats. The oscillations occurred in all cats and showed both respiratory (vasoconstriction in inspiration) and non-respiratory rhythms. In all cases the oscillations were asymmetrical between the two sides of the nose, and the side with greater oscillations also had a higher level of nasal vasoconstriction. 2. Oscillations shifted from one side to the other, both spontaneously and in response to stimulation of the brain-stem reticular formation. Induced shifts were nearly always to the stimulated side, and preceded by ipsilateral vasoconstriction and contralateral vasodilation. This reciprocal pattern was shown in 19 out of 89 responsive sites, and is similar to changes shown spontaneously in the nasal cycle. 3. Non-respiratory oscillations were seen at some time in most preparations and varied from frequency doubling to complete independence from respiration. 4. The evidence presented indicated that nasal vasomotor oscillations are driven from sympathetic oscillators which may be independent of, or can be entrained by, central respiratory activity. The oscillators show reciprocal inhibition, and electrical stimulation over a poorly-defined area of the brainstem reticular formation can shift the balance of activity between them, though responses from any one site depend on the existing state of the oscillating system. PMID- 7122220 TI - Effect of procaine on potassium permeability of canine tracheal smooth muscle. AB - Procaine depolarized the cell membrane, and initiated oscillations and spike-like potentials in canine tracheal smooth muscle, at concentrations between 1 and 5 mM, while higher concentrations of this drug suppressed the spontaneous activities. Inhibitory effects of procaine on 86Rb-efflux were not evident in normal solution. In high K solution, procaine decreased the rate of 86Rb-efflux, in a dose dependent manner, and a Scatchard plot suggested two sites of action for procaine. The site with a higher affinity (KD = 0.26 mM) may directly regulate the K permeability and interact with procaine in a one to one manner. In high concentrations (greater than or equal to 10 mM), procaine interacted at another site and the tracheal smooth muscle which contracted in high K solution relaxed almost completely. Thus, the decrease in 86Rb-efflux by high concentrations of procaine may partly result from a decrease in intracellular Ca concentration. It is proposed that procaine has the dual effect by inhibiting the K conductance: (1) depolarization of cell membrane, (2) increase in membrane excitability. These actions would explain the spontaneous electrical activity induced by procaine in canine tracheal smooth muscle. PMID- 7122221 TI - Electrophysiological mapping of sympathetic nuclei in the L2 and L3 segments of the spinal cord. AB - The spinal sympathetic preganglionic nuclei were mapped using antidromic field potential analysis during electrical stimulation of L2 and L3 white rami. The spinal sympathetic nuclei were localized respectively in L2 and L3 segments of the lumbar cord as a narrow strip along craniocaudal axis of the spinal cord. The caudal and of each preganglionic sympathetic nucleus was localized caudally to the corresponding dorsal root entry (DRE). The cranial end of the nucleus in different experiments was localized at different levels along the corresponding DRE or cranial to the corresponding DRE. We suggest that neurones which send axons to a single white ramus form an anatomically separate sympathetic preganglionic nucleus in the lumbar spinal cord within one segment. PMID- 7122222 TI - Postdenervation changes of intracellular potassium and sodium measured by ion selective microelectrodes in rat soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscle fibres. AB - The intracellular concentration of free [K+]i and [Na+]i in innervated and denervated rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus (SOL) muscles was measured by double-barrel glass microelectrodes filled with liquid ion exchanger. In both muscles, postdenervation fall of resting membrane potential was accompanied by a decrease of [K+]i and increase of [Na+]i. The relative permeability, PNa/PK of the muscle fibre membrane increased three times in EDL and 1.5 times in SOL respectively by the third day of denervation and then dropped within 14 days to the values which were only slightly but significantly lower than the control ones. PMID- 7122223 TI - Length dependence of calcium activated isometric force and immediate stiffness in living and glycerol extracted vascular smooth muscle. AB - Vascular smooth muscle series elasticity was examined in living and glycerinated preparations as a function of the tissue length or calcium elicited force. Isometrically contracted smooth muscle strips were submitted to small quick stretches and releases (rise time 1.5 ms). The resulting immediate tension changes were proportion to the length changes for length steps ranging from -0.5% L0 to +2% L0. Plotting the immediate tension changes versus the length steps resulted in force-extension diagrams of the series elasticity (T1-curves). The linear parts of the T1-curves extrapolated to a common abscissa intercept of about -1% to -2% L0 irrespective of the tissue length or the degree of calcium activated force. The slopes of the T1-curves taken as the stiffness of the series elasticity increased in proportion to the isometric tension and depended on the tissue length or the degree of calcium activation in a similar way as tension. It is concluded that tension changes due to changes in the calcium concentration or the tissue length are caused by a change in the number of attached crossbridges. Results obtained in "skinned" fibres were similar to the one obtained in living fibres indicating that electromechanical coupling was not a major factor in determining the decrease in isometric tension and stiffness at short lengths. PMID- 7122225 TI - [Efficacy of skull radiography in relation to computed tomography--analysis of 3050 cases]. PMID- 7122224 TI - Effect of sodium concentration and of atropine on the contractile response of the guinea-pig ileum to potassium ions. AB - The possibility that the guinea-pig ileum's contractile response to K+-rich solutions is partly mediated by acetylcholine release from the intramural nervous tissue was examined by studying the inhibition of that response by atropine at different values of [Na+]o. In a medium in which the NaCl was replaced by iso osmotic glucose, the response to high [K+]o was not greatly affected, while the responses to acetylcholine and to other agonists were significantly reduced. In control medium (149 mM Na+), atropine (10(-7) M) partly inhibited the responses to K+-rich solutions and to agonists such as histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and bradykinin. When [Na+]o was reduced to 12 mM, by iso-osmotic substitution of glucose for NaCl, the response to high K+ was no longer inhibited by atropine, which still partly inhibited the contractions elicited by the three agonists and totally blocked the response of acetylcholine. It is proposed that atropine's inhibition of the response to high K+ and to agonists is not due to its specific anti-muscarinic effect, but to an unspecific action, which in the case of the agonists is independent of [Na+]o. In addition, the inhibition of the response to high K+ would results from a different Na+-dependent mechanisms, possibly involving the stimulation of the Na-K pump by atropine. This is supported by the observation that this drug partly relaxed ileum preparations that were contracted by ouabain. PMID- 7122226 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies on CT lymphography]. PMID- 7122227 TI - [Radiologic study of persistent fetal circulation syndrome]. PMID- 7122228 TI - Adrenal imaging with 131I-adosterol (NCL-6-131I) by diverging and pinhole methods. III. Comparative studies of baseline and dexamethasone suppression imaging in aldosteronism. PMID- 7122229 TI - [Developments in pediatrics]. PMID- 7122230 TI - [What is meant by the science of patient care?]. AB - The study had two main purposes: to develop further a specific patient care process model and to develop a curriculum approach based on the model. These two problem areas depend on other problems, which have to be solved when a vocation develops and moves into academic setting. It is important to form a new foundation of knowledge and to educate a first generation to be able to command this new knowledge. The science of care is in the preparadigmatic phase and is about to enter into the normal scientific period. The medical paradigm is confronted today with the phase in which it must look for new possibilities, in other words, with a revolutionary phase. Therefore one can assume that the concepts of nursing science and those of medical science are not completely in agreement with each other. PMID- 7122231 TI - [Sudden infant death]. PMID- 7122232 TI - [Cooperation in child oncology intensified in Scandinavia. Cancer in children]. PMID- 7122233 TI - [The prognosis of congenital heart defects in changed]. AB - Congenital heart disease occurs in approximately 8 per mille of all live births. The prognosis for these patients has been radically changed throughout the last decades, both for length and for quality of life. Many patients now have a normal or near to normal life expectancy. This is due not only to better surgical techniques, but improvement of anesthesia, myocardial preservation and postoperative intensive care also have contributed to the astonishing results. The early complete and even in details correct diagnosis and the close cooperation between the local practitioner, pediatrician and the central pediatric cardiac unit is basic for optimal treatment benefit. PMID- 7122234 TI - [Immigrant children in primary care]. PMID- 7122235 TI - [Child health services bear the main responsibility for the prevention of accidents among children]. AB - Accidents constitute perhaps the greatest threat to children's health today in all the Nordic countries. Considerable knowledge exists regarding the epidemiology of accidents among children, and generally speaking this information forms a good basis for preventive measures. What is needed in addition is a larger number of epidemiological studies on a smaller scale, concentrating on local conditions, since preventive activities on a local and regional level require a knowledge of the local scene with respect to accidents and injuries. In addition, the plans for the prevention of accidents need to be revised and improved. The child health services still play a leading role, but in order to keep risks such as those connected with traffic and drowning under control, parents, organizations and authorities need to be activated. To train parents as child environment ombudsmen might be one solution. PMID- 7122236 TI - [Pedagogic reforms needed in the education of physicians]. PMID- 7122237 TI - Sequence-specific cleavage of chromatin by staphylococcal nuclease can generate an atypical nucleosome pattern. AB - We have investigated the nucleosomal organization of ribosomal genes in the acellular slime mold Physarum polycephalum. When probed with staphylococcal nuclease, the ribosomal genes appear to be uniformly packed in nucleosomes, in an arrangement which is indistinguishable from the pattern obtained with bulk chromatin. During this study, an unusual pattern of digestion was obtained from a DNA region immediately upstream of the initiation site of rRNA transcription, in addition to the nucleosomal profile, a second regular ladder of fragments with a repeat length of 30-40 basepairs was generated from this region. We established that this pattern of degradation reflects the strong preference of staphylococcal nuclease for certain nucleotide arrangements on the DNA, rather than a particular chromatin configuration. These observations clearly show that great caution needs to be exerted whenever data from staphylococcal nuclease digestions are interpreted in terms of chromatin structure. PMID- 7122238 TI - Mechanisms for the solvolytic decompositions of nucleoside analogues. X. Acidic hydrolysis of 6-substituted 9-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)purines. AB - The pH-rate profiles were determined for the acidic hydrolysis of some 6 substituted 9-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl) purines. The product analyses indicated that the reactions generally proceed with formation of purine bases as initial products. However, at low oxonium ion concentrations the hydrolysis of the unsubstituted compound yields 4-amino-5-formamidopyrimidine, instead of purine formed in highly acidic solutions. The rate constants for the spontaneous and oxonium ion catalyzed heterolysis of the protonated substrates were calculated from the acidity constants and the observed rate constants. The dependence of the partial rate constants on the polar nature of the 6-substituents are consistent with rate-limiting formation of free purine bases and glycosyl oxocarbenium ions. No anomerization of the substrates was observed during the course of the hydrolysis. PMID- 7122239 TI - The influence of the purine 2-amino group on DNA conformation and stability. Synthesis and conformational analysis of d[T(2-aminoA)]3. AB - A self-complementary hexanucleotide consisting of thymidine and 2-amino deoxyadenosine, d(TA')3, has been synthesized by a solid phase phosphotriester method. Melting studies show that the additional hydrogen bond afforded by the 2 amino group substantially stabilizes the duplex. Moreover, conformational analysis using circular dichroism shows that a salt-induced conformational transition occurs, similar to the B leads to Z transition observed for d(CG)n oligonucleotides. PMID- 7122241 TI - The electrostatic field of DNA: the role of the nucleic acid conformation. AB - Calculations of the electrostatic field of DNA in two very different double helical conformations, A and Z, are reported and compared with the results previously obtained for B-DNA. Striking contrasts between these fields and the associated electrostatic potentials are brought into evidence. One of the major differences is that while the deepest potentials are generally located in the grooves of DNA, the strongest fields are associated with the phosphate groups. The results of screening the nucleic acids by counterions are also presented. PMID- 7122240 TI - The ovalbumin gene family: complete sequence and structure of the Y gene. AB - The "ovalbumin Y" gene, one of three which constitute the ovalbumin gene family in chicken has been completely sequenced. The exact location of exons can be derived from the comparison with the ovalbumin gene sequence and from the map previously established by electron microscopy analysis. During evolution of the Y gene, selective pressure has operated to retain a sequence coding for an ovalbumin-like protein. The location of splice junctions, the length of protein coding exons and the reading phase are as in the ovalbumin gene. The overall homology between the Y and ovalbumin protein coding sequences is 72.6% (resulting in a 58% homology for the amino acid sequences). A significantly high number of base changes within coding sequences are present in clusters, which appear in several cases to be correlated with the occurrence of direct repeats. The 3' untranslated sequences of the Y and ovalbumin mRNAs have diverged much more, and the Y sequence contains a peculiar U(T) rich region. Corresponding introns of the ovalbumin and Y genes differ extensively both in sequence and in length. They share however characteristic biases in their base distribution. PMID- 7122242 TI - Subcellular localization of the tRNA processing enzyme, tRNA nucleotidyltransferase, in Xenopus laevis oocytes and in somatic cells. AB - Earlier studies of the tRNA processing enzyme, tRNA nucleotidyltransferase, in rat liver cells suggested that the enzyme was absent from nuclei, whereas more recent studies with tRNA transcription-processing systems from Xenopus laevis oocytes indicated that the enzyme was present in germinal vesicles of these cells. In order to resolve this apparent discrepancy, the subcellular localization of tRNA nucleotidyltransferase in oocytes was directly determined, and its distribution in somatic cells was re-examined. Oocyte germinal vesicles, isolated manually, contained about 25% of the total tRNA nucleotidyltransferase activity of the cell, but the enzyme rapidly leaked out of these nuclei during storage. In contrast, purified nuclei isolated from rat or Xenopus liver using a variety of aqueous procedures were devoid of tRNA nucleotidyltransferase activity. Since rapidly-isolated, crude nuclear preparations from liver contained substantially more of the enzyme than could be accounted for by cytoplasmic contamination, it appears that the enzyme leaks out of the somatic cell nuclei during the lengthy times required for their purification. The implications of these results for the development of tRNA processing systems from somatic cell nuclei are discussed. PMID- 7122243 TI - The nucleotide sequences of 5S rRNAs from three ciliated protozoa. AB - The nucleotide sequences of 5S rRNAs from three ciliated protozoa, Paramecium tetraurelia, Tetrahymena thermophila and Blepharisma japonicum have been determined. All of them are 120 nucleotides long and the sequence of probable tRNA binding site of position 41-44 is GAAC which is characteristic of the plant 5S rRNAs. The sequence similarity percents are 87% (Paramecium/Tetrahymena), 86% (Paramecium/Blepharisma) and 79% (Tetrahymena/Blepharisma), suggesting a close relationship of these three ciliates. PMID- 7122244 TI - Template directed reactions of 2-aminoadenylic acid derivatives. AB - The template-directed oligomerization of activated derivatives of 2-aminoadenylic acid (paA) on polyuridylic acid (poly(U)) in aqueous buffers was studied. The reaction differs from that of adenylic acid (pA) under identical conditions, in that only di- and tri-nucleotides are observed as substantial products rather than a longer sequence of oligomers. The reaction of paA also differs from that of pA in that it does not require Mg++, and is less susceptible to increased temperature. The relevance of these observations to the chemical evolution of polynucleotide replication is discussed. Improved syntheses of paA and its diphosphate are reported. PMID- 7122245 TI - Reactivity of B and Z-DNA towards N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene. AB - Poly d(G-C) d(G-C) in B-form, on one hand, and poly d(G-br5C). poly d(G-br5C) and poly d(G-m5C) . poly d(G-m5C) in Z-form, on another hand, were treated with N-AcO [3H]AAF and the kinetics of these reactions were followed by radioactivity. Covalent binding of carcinogen to the polymers was evaluated after separation of the reacted polymers from non-reacted carcinogen by thin-layer chromatography. We found that B-form polymer reacts twice faster than the Z-form polymers. Proportions of main adducts in the three polymers are almost the same. Results are discussed in relation to the calculated electrostatic potential minima and steric accessibility at the reactive site (1, 2). PMID- 7122246 TI - [Treatment of bronchial asthma with small doses of papaverine combined with beta stimulators]. PMID- 7122247 TI - [Usefulness of examining the maximal expiratory flow volume in the diagnosis of laryngeal and tracheal stenosis]. PMID- 7122248 TI - [Short-term chemotherapy in tuberculosis. I. Preliminary results of the efficacy of antibacillary chemotherapy shortened to 6 months]. PMID- 7122250 TI - [Bronchocentric granulomatosis]. PMID- 7122249 TI - [Active pulmonary tuberculosis as the cause of death in diabetic patients]. PMID- 7122251 TI - A novel alkaline phosphatase isozyme in 4 patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia: its nature, origin and clinical significance. AB - A novel alkaline phosphatase (AP) isozyme has been observed in the serum of 4 patients suffering from acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). It resembled the AP of liver/bone origin in most physico-chemical characteristics, but particular electrophoretic characteristics in agar and starch gel and a distinct molecular weight gave this novel AP isozyme its unique character. Its leukemic origin has been demonstrated by isolation from peripheral blood and bone and bone marrow blasts. The appearance of the novel AP isozyme in the patients' sera appeared to be an ominous sign as, in all four, it shortly preceded death. In patients it may have contributed to the observed resistance towards thioguanine therapy. PMID- 7122252 TI - Mevalonic acid as an initiator of cell growth. Studies using human lymphocytes and inhibitors of endogenous mevalonate biosynthesis. AB - Mevalonic acid (5 x 10(-4)-1 x 10(-2) M) stimulates DNA synthesis, morphologic transformation and cell cycling in peripheral blood human lymphocytes. Other organic acid anions which serve as cholesterol and mevalonate precursors are devoid of such effects. Both ML-236B and 25-hydroxycholesterol, inhibitors of 3 hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, inhibit concanavalin A-induced lymphocyte transformation, but only the inhibition by ML-236B can be overcome by exogenous mevalonate. In contrast, only 25-hydroxycholesterol inhibits mevalonate induced lymphocyte DNA synthesis. The effects of mevalonic acid on lymphocytes cannot be reproduced by isopentenyl adenine or isopentenyl adenosine. Unregulated endogenous cellular synthesis of mevalonic acid may contribute to uncontrolled growth in certain malignant cell lines. PMID- 7122254 TI - Studies on a purified human lung tumor-associated antigen. AB - A human lung tumor-associated antigen has been identified by Ouchterlony analysis in 86% of lung tumor extracts of all histologic types. It was not detected by this method in extracts of normal adult or fetal lung, 12/13 other tumors, normal tissues or in normal serum. The antigen was purified from the extract of an undifferentiated small cell lung carcinoma by DEAE-cellulose. Sephadex G-200, and antibody affinity chromatography. The purified antigen exhibited size and charge heterogeneity, yet all isolated forms produced precipitin lines of identity with each other, as well as with an extract of an unrelated squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. The major form had a Mr of 150 000 by gel filtration and 81 700 by detergent gel electrophoresis. By radioimmunoassay, elevated levels of antigen were detected in 0/15 normal sera, 7/13 stage I and 12/15 stage III lung cancer sera. The urine of a different patient with a small cell lung carcinoma contained a related antigenic activity, but the major component was 30 000-50 000 daltons. The antigen has also been detected in extracts of a continuous cell line from a large cell carcinoma of the lung (ChaGo). The antigen is being evaluated for its usefulness as a lung tumor marker. PMID- 7122253 TI - The distribution of parenterally administered antibody to CEA in colorectal xenografts. Preliminary findings. AB - Autoradiography was used to identify the distribution of parenterally administered anti-CEA in human colorectal tumours xenografted to nude mice. Four xenograft lines were studied: three mucinous adenocarcinomas of various degrees of differentiation and one undifferentiated tumour. 125Iodine-labelled, affinity purified goat anti-CEA was given intravenously to xenograft-bearing mice, who were killed at intervals thereafter up to 7 days. Autoradiograms were prepared by both conventional methods and the Appleton 'diffusible compound' technique which is designed to avoid possible translocation and extraction of labelled antibody tracer during tissue processing. Control experiments were done using a non specific goat gamma-globulin. By combining autoradiography with a PAP immunoperoxidase method of demonstrating CEA, anti-CEA was found to be preferentially retained at extracellular sites of CEA-positive material within viable tumour areas. Cell surface retention was not observed. At all times following administration more antibody was detected within necrotic areas, extracellular spaces and stromal connective tissue than within the tumour cell compartment. These preliminary results are discussed in relation to the possibility of using anti-CEA as a carrier to deliver chemotherapeutic agents into colorectal tumours. The suitability of diffusible compound and conventional autoradiography for studies of this nature are also examined. PMID- 7122255 TI - Vascular clearance of embolic tumor cells and colloidal carbon and the levels of serum lysozyme following muramyl dipeptide administration. AB - Various doses of coded samples of the parent muramyl dipeptide entity and eight synthetic analogues were injected intravenously into C57BL/6J mice, and the extent of clearance of intravenously injected 5-[125I]iodo-2-deoxyuridine (125I dUrd) radioactively labeled B16 tumor cells from the lung was measured 3 days later. The results of between one and four experiments with each compound demonstrated that five compounds, including the parent compound, produced dose dependent increases in the loss of tumor cells from the lung. The same five compounds also caused an increase in the clearance of intravascular carbon clearance. Monitoring of serum lysozyme levels revealed no significant increases compared to controls at doses of up to 1 mg/mouse following muramyl dipeptide (MDP) administration i.v., i.p. or s.c. at any time up to 30 days after administration. Increased pulmonary tumor cell clearance did not occur after s.c. MDP administration and peaked 3 days after i.p. or i.v. MDP, reaching near normal levels by Day 7. PMID- 7122256 TI - Chemical-and X-ray-induced antitumor cell-mediated immunity to rat fetal cells. AB - Gastrointestinal cancer was induced in Fischer F344 inbred rats in their: (i) small bowel by localized exposure to X-rays, (ii) colon by administration of the carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH), and (iii) pancreas by implantation of the polyaromatic hydrocarbon 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene into the 'head' of the organ. A common tumor-associated fetal antigen (TAFA) and cell-mediated immunity (CMI) was noted in these three animal cancer models. The present investigation was a preliminary attempt to delineate the relationship between the TAFA and CMI. Findings indicate that those cells having the TAFA are suitable targets for cytotoxicity expressed by the educated peripheral blood lymphoid cells (PBLC) obtained from the tumor-bearing rats, and that components containing the TAFA (tumor cell membrane extracts, serum) are capable of competing with such targets in the CMI responses. In addition, cells derived from 16-18-day-old rat fetuses were found to be significantly injured and killed by these PBLC. Probably the most important results in this initial study was the findings that cancers induced by these three completely different cellular mechanisms in different tissues resulted in common TAFA and CMI responses and that there is a relationship between these two phenomena which is at this time unclear. PMID- 7122259 TI - Precordial contrast echocardiographic detection of patent ductus arteriosus in small preterm infants. AB - Clinical detection of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) remains an important and challenging problem in the small preterm infant with respiratory distress. In this study, PDA was diagnosed in 28 small preterms using an improved contrast echocardiographic method. In these infants, the injection of saline into the aorta generated echoes which were imaged at the pulmonary valve. This was accomplished using a conventional M-mode ultrasound transducer applied at the usual precordial position. Contrast echo studies were compared with the degree of ductal patency shown by single film aortography. Ductal patency was detected by contrast echo in 29 of 31 instances of aortographically proven PDA. Indirect echo indices commonly used for detection of PDA (cardiac chamber enlargement) may be limited since factors other than left-to-right shunt can cause cardiac enlargement in distressed small preterms. This direct contrast echo technique is an easily performed, sensitive, qualitative method for confirmation of the diagnosis of PDA in small preterm infants. PMID- 7122258 TI - Gamma fetal antigen in spontaneous and carcinogen-induced rodent tumors. Survey of sarcomas and hepatic carcinomas. AB - Fourteen distinct rodent sarcomas and hepatic carcinomas were examined serologically for the presence of the tumor-associated gamma fetal antigen (gamma FA). Using heterologous antiserum specific for gamma-FA, this antigen could be identified in saline extracts of each of the tumors surveyed; animals bearing gamma-FA-positive cancers had immunoprecipitable levels of gamma-FA in their sera. Although gamma-FA was associated with hepatic neoplasms of diverse phenotypes, low- or non-albumin-producing tumors had more gamma-FA per milligram of saline-extractable protein than did the more differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas. Gamma-FA became detectable in the sera of BALB/c mice bearing transplanted Meth A sarcomas and hepatocarcinogen-treated Wistar rats early during the time course of tumor growth. These data strongly suggest that serum gamma-FA levels may serve as a useful monitor of tumor presence and progression. PMID- 7122257 TI - Oncomodulin--a widely distributed, tumour-specific, calcium-binding protein. AB - The seemingly de novo appearance of oncomodulin and increased levels of calmodulin were observed (using specific radioimmunoassays) in several types of mouse, rat and human tumours. Oncomodulin could not be found in any normal (adult or fetal) rodent or human tissue. Tryptic peptide mapping showed that oncomodulin in rat and mouse tumours was identical, and was not a fragment of either calmodulin or troponin C. A possible role for oncomodulin in the deregulated cell proliferation of cancer cells was suggested by its ability to stimulate DNA synthesis in isolated rat liver cells. PMID- 7122260 TI - Two-dimensional echocardiographic visualization of the aortic arch by right parasternal scanning in neonates and infants. AB - Echocardiography has previously been of limited use in visualizing the aorta in neonates and infants. Using a new technique--right parasternal scanning--the aortic arch and brachiocephalic vessels were studied in 50 children under 18 months of age. Complete visualization was accomplished in 47 patients including those 1) under 1,000 grams, 2) with indwelling endotracheal tubes, 3) who had D- or L-transposition, or 4) with right or double aortic arch. Inadequate studies were related to bilateral pneumothorax (2 neonates) and lack of cooperation (1 infant). Close correlation was obtained between images of the aorta by echocardiography and by angiography. Two-dimensional echocardiography can now visualize the aortic arch in small infants and children. In conjunction with another new technique--simultaneous Doppler flow-detection--coarctation of the aorta can be completely evaluated noninvasively in children of all ages including neonates. PMID- 7122261 TI - Congenital heart disease in the Pierre Robin syndrome. AB - Congenital heart disease occurs in about 20 percent of patients with Pierre Robin syndrome. Ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, and atrial septal defect are the most common congenital cardiac lesions in this syndrome. The associated upper airway obstruction can produce cor pulmonale, cardiomegaly, pulmonary edema, and cyanosis. PMID- 7122262 TI - Spontaneous closure of a coronary artery fistula in childhood. AB - An infant with a symptomatic coronary artery fistula, documented by angiography, is presented. By age 5 years, clinical evidence of the fistula was no longer present. Repeat cardiac catheterization confirmed spontaneous closure of the coronary artery fistula. More information regarding the natural history of a coronary artery fistula is required before an elective surgical approach can be recommended in all asymptomatic children. PMID- 7122265 TI - Systemic atrioventricular valve replacement in an infant. PMID- 7122263 TI - Congenital pulmonary arteriovenous fistula producing pulmonary arterial steal syndrome. AB - This report describes a congenital pulmonary arterial steal syndrome manifested as cyanosis and acidosis in a newborn. A fistulous connection between the right pulmonary artery and a large, anomalous right common pulmonary vein stole blood from the pulmonary arteries. The anomaly was suspected because of a pericardiac shadow on frontal and lateral chest films, substantiated by M-mode echocardiogram, confirmed at cardiac catheterization with angiocardiography, and analyzed at postmortem examination. PMID- 7122267 TI - Third Annual Winter Neuropeptide Conference. Breckenridge, Colorado, January 20 23, 1982. PMID- 7122268 TI - Recombinant DNA methods in neuroendocrinology: new answers to old questions. AB - The development of methods for cloning DNA complementary to specific messenger RNAs encoding polypeptide hormones has opened new experimental avenues in the neurosciences. Recombinant DNA techniques have been used to answer questions about the structure of polypeptide hormone precursors, the regulation of peptide hormone production, and the location of peptide-producing cells in nervous and endocrine systems. Here, the application of cDNA cloning to the quantitation, structural elucidation and tissue localization of mRNAs coding for neuroendocrine peptides is reviewed. PMID- 7122266 TI - Complex cyanotic congenital heart disease correctable with an intra-atrial baffle. AB - The clinical, angiocardiographic, and surgical findings in a cyanotic child with dextrocardia, L-loop, laterally inverted but otherwise normally related great arteries, and situs ambiguus are described and compared with other similar cases. Electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, and angiographic data are reviewed, and the segmental approach to diagnosis is stressed. Both systemic and pulmonary veins returned to the right-sided atrium. Blood then passed either through the mitral valve to the morphologically left ventricle and to the aorta or through an atrial septal defect to a small left-sided atrium, right ventricle, and pulmonary artery. Total correction was undertaken with an intra-atrial baffle to direct pulmonary venous return to the morphologically right ventricle and systemic venous return to the right ventricle. The subpulmonic stenosis was alleviated with an outflow patch. PMID- 7122269 TI - Computer-assisted image analysis of the distributions of peptidergic terminals in the central nucleus of the amygdala: a preliminary study. AB - When viewed under dark-field illumination, peptidergic terminals in sections stained by the Sternberger PAP immunocytochemical method are seen as individual points of light. Under high magnification, the degree of brightness of various areas of immunoreactive terminals is seen to be a function of the density of terminals in these areas. By analyzying the relative brightness of the immunostained central nucleus of the amygdala (CNA) with an EyeCom II PDP-11/34 image analysis system, we have obtained a relative evaluation of the density distribution of neurotensin (NT)-, substance P (SP), VIP-, angiotensin II (AII), m-enkephalin (m-ENK) and somatostatin (SS)-immunoreactive terminals in terms of normal morphology and following a brain lesion. The EyeCom II system divides the presented image into 307200 picture elements (pixels) and assigns one of 256 grey values to the average brightness with each pixel. We have aggregated the grey level frequencies into 5 levels where level 1 corresponds to the highest terminal density and level 5 to the lowest density. At level 1, only NT- and VIP immunoreactive terminals occupy a significant percentage of the cross-sectional area of the CNA (20%). About 15% of the area of the CNA has VIP terminals with level 5 density. The distributions of the top 20% of the terminal density range of NT, SP, AII and VIP support a classical medial/lateral division of the nucleus. The distribution of the same range of SS- and ENK terminals suggests a dorsoventral division of the CNA. A preliminary study indicates that comparison of grey level frequency histograms generated by image analysis from homologous lesioned and unlesioned sections of the CNA can yield useful information regarding post-lesion changes in the distribution of immunoreactive terminals. PMID- 7122264 TI - Successful management of cor triatriatum associated with anomalous pulmonary/systemic venous connection in an infant. AB - Diagnosis and successful surgical repair of cor triatriatum, associated with anomalous pulmonary/systemic venous connection in a 6-month-old infant, is described. Follow-up at 2 years revealed no abnormalities. The clinical findings, hemodynamics, and surgical treatment are discussed, together with a review of the literature. This is a rare, life-threatening situation presenting significant diagnostic difficulties in infancy. It is, however, amenable to surgery provided that an early diagnosis is achieved. PMID- 7122270 TI - Conformational and dynamic considerations in peptide structure-function studies. AB - Most small peptide hormones and neurotransmitters are highly flexible, conformationally labile molecules in aqueous and other environments. Thus efforts to determine the relationships between conformational properties of these peptides in aqueous and other solvents and their biological activities at membrane receptors have been difficult and of limited success. One approach which may provide a more rational basis for conformation-activity relationships is the design of conformationally restricted, semi-rigid analogs of the native peptides which still possess high potency and/or antagonist properties. In addition to the increased likelihood that the conformational properties determined for these derivatives in aqueous or other solvent environments will have biological relevance, such analogs are likely to have higher specificity for particular receptors, greater in vivo stability, and perhaps even oral activity. The application of this approach to the design of highly potent oxytocin antagonists is discussed with particular emphasis on the conformational and dynamic properties which appear to differentiate agonist and antagonist analogs. The results of these studies are briefly compared with similar studies with somatostatin, angiotensin, bradykinin, alpha-melanotropin and enkephalin, and discussed in terms of likely further developments. PMID- 7122273 TI - Peptide and amine modulation of the Limulus heart: a simple neural network and its target tissue. AB - The Limulus heart consists of a relatively simple neural network, the cardiac ganglion, and its target tissue, cardiac muscle. The large size and exceptional in vitro viability of this system has made it relatively easy to extract, purify, and identify endogenous compounds which alter cardiac function. These agents included peptides, such as protolin and Limulus chromatophorotropic factor, and amines such as dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, octopamine, and serotonin. The accessibility and simple organization of the cardiac ganglion has also permitted clear identification of the sites of action of these amines and peptides. The Limulus heart is thus a very favorable system for studying peptide and amine neurohormones at the network, cellular and molecular levels. PMID- 7122271 TI - 400 MHz NMR study on the C-terminal fragment 21-28 of vasoactive intestinal peptide. AB - A conformational study of the C-terminal fragment 21-28 of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) was carried out by high resolution NMR spectroscopy. All spectral data were recorded with a Bruker 400 MHz spectrometer. The correct assignment of peaks was determined by specific homonuclear decoupling and by titration. The chemical shifts of amide protons were measured as a function of temperature in order to detect the presence of intramolecular hydrogen bonds. A tridimensional structure is proposed for the peptide. PMID- 7122274 TI - Mineralocorticoids and cerebral angiotensin may act together to produce sodium appetite. PMID- 7122272 TI - Enkephalins modulate the responsiveness of rat atria in vitro to norepinephrine. AB - Potential interactions between opiate peptides and catecholamines in mammalian heart were examined using isolated spontaneously beating rat atria as a test system. Methionine-enkephalin (ME), leucine-enkephalin (LE), phe-met-arg-phe amide (FMRFamide), D-ala2, N-methyl-phe4, met (O)5-ol-enkephalin (FK 33-834), methionine-enkephalin arg6 arg7 (ME arg6 arg7) and beta-endorphin had no effect on basal beating rate of isolated atria at all concentrations up to 10(-5) M. The positive chronotropic effect of norepinephrine (NE) on atrial rate is, however, significantly attenuated by enkephalin peptides. Thus, the maximal chronotropic effect of NE (an increase from 317 +/- 7.0 to 473 +/- 7.3 beats per minute (bpm) in 250 gm rats at a dose of 10(-5)M NE) is decreased by 42% in the presence of 10(-7)m ME. The action of ME is completely blocked by addition of 10(-7)M naloxone, which by itself has no effect on NE-induced positive chronotropy or basal beating rate. The dose-effect curve for ME attenuation of NE-induced positive chronotropy is bell-shaped, i.e., both 10(-8) M and 10(-5) M ME have no significant effect on NE positive chronotropy. Other enkephalin peptides acted in a similar manner to ME; LE (10(-7) M) and FK 33-834 (10(-8) M) decreased maximal NE-induced positive chronotropy 42 and 27%, respectively. The molluscan cardioexcitatory peptide FMRFamide (10(-7) M) also decreased maximal NE positive chronotropy, about 30%. In contrast, beta-endorphin did not significantly affect NE stimulation of atrial rate. We conclude that enkephalins can modulate the noradrenergic responsiveness of rat atria in vitro. The possible physiological relevance of this interaction is discussed. PMID- 7122275 TI - On the separation of functions mediated by the AV3V region. AB - Knife-cuts were used to separate the disruptive effects on fluid balance that are produced by electrolytic lesions of the anteroventral third ventricle (AV3V) region. It was observed that vertical cuts of the dorsal stalk of the subfornical organ (SFO) produced none of these effects. Horizontal cuts between the SFO and the anterior commissure produced neither of the acute effects of AV3V lesions (adipsia and diuretic weight loss) but they did mimic AV3V lesions in disrupting drinking responses to peripherally injected angiotensin and hypertonic saline. In contrast, horizontal cuts between the anterior commissure and the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT) did not reduce drinking responses to angiotensin but they did cause a large weight loss during the 24 hours following surgery. It is suggested that these ventral cuts severed neural connections between the medial septum and the ventral medial preoptic area in producing the large weight loss. Together with findings from other experiments, these findings support the hypothesis that distinct neural elements mediate the various functions that are disrupted by lesions of the AV3V region. PMID- 7122276 TI - The subfornical organ's neural connections and their role in water balance. AB - The subfornical organ (SFO) has projections to specific sets of nuclei within the preoptic area and hypothalamus which enable it to influence behavioral and physiological controls of water balance. It projects to the nuclei of the anteroventral third ventricular area, to vasopressinergic (heavily) and oxytocinergic (moderately) magnocellular neurons of the supraoptic and paraventricular nucleus. It also projects to the parvocellular areas of the paraventricular nucleus which project to the median eminence and to all the motor nuclei of the autonomic nervous system. In addition the SFO projects to regions of the lateral preoptic area, lateral hypothalamus and the dorsal perifornical region. Cutting the efferent projections from the SFO causes disturbances in behavioral and physiological controls of water balance. There is moderate polyuria and a concentrating defect in urine osmolality. The rats do not drink to intravenous angiotensin II but retain their ability to drink to angiotensin II given intracerebroventricularly. They appear to drink normally to overnight water deprivation but remain in negative water balance because of excessive urinary water loss during the deprivation period. PMID- 7122278 TI - Vasopressin: an essential pressor factor for blood pressure recovery following hemorrhage. AB - Two experimental approaches were used to evaluate the importance of the pressor effects of vasopressin in blood pressure recovery following hypotensive hemorrhage. Experiments using homozygous Brattleboro rats demonstrated that the hemodynamic recovery of these animals was subnormal, even though the activation and efficacy of the sympathetic nervous and renin-angiotensin systems were intact. Experiments using an antipressor vasopressin analogue in normal rats during hypotensive hemorrhage demonstrated significantly blunted blood pressure recovery in the presence of the analogue. Thus, both experiments indicate that the pressor effects of circulating vasopressin play an essential role in blood pressure recovery following hypovolemic hypotension induced by hemorrhage. PMID- 7122277 TI - Two possible actions for circulating angiotensin II in the control of vasopressin release. AB - The supraoptic-hypophyseal tract is a primary system for the synthesis and release of vasopressin. Angiotensin II (AII) has been shown to release vasopressin when injected into the cerebral ventricles (IVT). However, intravenous (IV) AII injections have not produced consistent results. The present studies were conducted to examine the effects of AII delivered by either route on the unit activity of supraoptic nucleus (SON) magnocellular neurons. Rats were prepared with intracranial cannulas to insure delivery of drugs to the left lateral ventricle and with polyethylene catheters in the left jugular vein, femoral vein, and femoral artery for systemic injections and arterial pressure recordings. A ventral approach permitted recording from the SON without violating the ventricular-SON partition. Magnocellular neurons were electrophysiologically identified. In the majority of identified cells, IVT AII increased activity. In others pressor doses of AII IV inhibited firing while blood pressure was elevated. After sino-aortic denervation, AII IV excited SON neurons. Based on latency, and the fact that lesioning the anteroventral third ventricle blocked the action of AII IVT, the results indicate that AII IVT acts on a periventricular site to influence SON magnocellular neurons. Furthermore, systemic AII may have two effects on SON neurons: a central excitatory action, and an inhibition due to a baroreceptor reflex. PMID- 7122279 TI - Central neurohypophyseal peptide pathways: interactions with endocrine and other autonomic functions. AB - Electrophysiological and pharmacological studies have been carried out in rats and rabbits to attempt to identify possible functional roles for neurohypophyseal peptides in brain. In anesthetized rats, single unit recordings and antidromic activation criteria were utilized to identify projections of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) to neurohypophysis and to extrahypothalamic areas (amygdala or nucleus tractus solitarius). None of the cells tested innervated more than one of these areas and, when tested for their responses to haemorrhage, increased body osmolarity, or suckling of pups, only the osmotic stimulus caused increased activity in some cells projecting to amygdala or nucleus tractus solitarius. Indirect evidence as well as direct measurement by radioimmunoassay of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in brain perfusates revealed probable central release of AVP in response to stimuli known to activate pituitary secretion of this peptide. These observations raise the possibility that certain brain and pituitary peptidergic systems may function in a co-ordinated manner. PMID- 7122280 TI - Chromatographic characterization of gastrin/cholecystokinin peptides in bovine and porcine pituitary. AB - Gastrin/CCK peptides in extracts from bovine and porcine pituitary have been characterized by Sephadex gel filtration, reverse phase liquid chromatography and a CCK radioimmunoassay (RIA) which detects both CCK and gastrin [4]. Porcine pituitary extracts contain a small amount of two peptides with chromatographic behavior similar to porcine antral gastrins. However, bovine pituitaries lack gastrin and contain instead substantial quantities of a peptide which co-elutes with CCK8 sulfate. We have previously shown that rat pituitary also contains CCK8 sulfate-like peptides but lacks gastrin [3]. It is clear from this work that species differences exist in the gastrin/CCK pituitary peptides. This points out the necessity of a careful chemical characterization of pituitary gastrin/CCK peptides in any species prior to physiological or pharmacological experimentation. PMID- 7122281 TI - Gut peptides and food in the gut produce similar satiety effects. AB - We compared the satiety effects and mechanisms of action of food stimuli delivered to anatomically restricted areas of the gut with the satiety effects and mechanisms of action of the gut peptides cholecystokinin (CCK) and bombesin (BBS). When food is limited to contact with the pregastric and gastric gut surfaces at a test meal, rats stop eating and display the fixed sequence of postprandial behaviors which characterizes normal satiety. This "gastric satiety" effect is unaffected by total abdominal vagotomy. Intraperitoneal administration of BBS produces a large, specific, and dose-related inhibition of food intake at a test meal; this action, like the gastric satiety effect of food, is unaffected by total abdominal vagotomy. Since a BBS-like peptide is present in high concentration in the stomach, these parallels between gastric satiety and BBS induced satiety suggest that an endogenous BBS-like peptide plays a role in gastric satiety. When small amounts of food are infused directly into the small intestine of sham feeding rats, they stop eating and display the behavioral satiety sequence. This "intestinal satiety" effect requires the synergistic input of oropharyngeal food stimulation in close temporal association. Intraperitoneal administration of CCK alone to sham feeding rats stops eating and elicits the behavioral satiety sequence; this action, like the intestinal satiety effect of food, requires the synergistic input of oropharyngeal food stimulation in close temporal association. Since CCK is present in high concentration in the upper small intestine, and is released into the circulation by food at this site, the parallels between intestinal satiety and CCK-induced satiety suggest that endogenous CCK plays a role in intestinal satiety. PMID- 7122283 TI - Pediatric consultation--liaison. PMID- 7122282 TI - Secretin in the rat hypothalamo-pituitary system: localization, identification and characterization. AB - Secretin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) has been identified and characterized in the pituitary of the rat. The concentration in the neurointermediate lobe is about 45 fold higher than the concentration of SLI observed in the anterior lobe. Transections of the pituitary stalk of the rat caused a significant depletion of SLI in the neurointermediate lobe without affecting the content in the anterior lobe. In view of the relatively high concentration of SLI reported to occur in the hypothalamus, it appears that there may be a secretinergic pathway between the brain and the neurointermediate lobe of the pituitary. PMID- 7122285 TI - Setting up a pediatric consultation-liaison service. PMID- 7122287 TI - School problems: school phobia and learning disabilities. PMID- 7122286 TI - Communicating: a practical guide for the liaison psychiatrist. PMID- 7122288 TI - Liaison psychiatry in childhood cancer--a systems approach. PMID- 7122284 TI - Promoting the alliance between pediatrics and child psychiatry. PMID- 7122289 TI - The neonatal intensive care unit. PMID- 7122291 TI - [Dynamics of vascular tone determined by rheoencephalography in patients with ischemic stroke during the first 14 days after onset of disease]. PMID- 7122290 TI - [Physical efficiency and cardiac output during exercise 3 years after mitral commissurotomy as compared with clinical appraisal]. PMID- 7122292 TI - [Psychological aspects of past parainfectious encephalitis and encephalomeningitis in children]. PMID- 7122293 TI - [Effect of sorbonite on exercise tolerance in stable angina pectoris]. PMID- 7122294 TI - [Psychic disorders following induced abortion]. PMID- 7122295 TI - [Changes in the arteries, venous grafts and vascular prostheses during surgical treatment of atheromatous ischemia of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7122296 TI - [Procoagulative and coagulative activity of isolated platelets and their importance in various hemostasis disorders]. PMID- 7122297 TI - [Diagnosis of visceral neuropathy in diabetics by means of simple function tests]. PMID- 7122298 TI - [Modern views on acquired toxoplasmosis of the nervous system]. PMID- 7122300 TI - [Duodenogastric reflux and gastric ulcer in our records]. PMID- 7122299 TI - [In vitro testing of the immune system in patients with chronic myocarditis]. PMID- 7122301 TI - [Most frequent surgical complications in patients with implanted pacemakers]. PMID- 7122302 TI - [Analysis of mortality in patients with implanted pacemakers]. PMID- 7122305 TI - [Transsexualism as a congenital psychoendocrinological syndrome (in the light of 2 cases)]. PMID- 7122303 TI - [Gastric secretion in patients with acute viral hepatitis]. PMID- 7122304 TI - [Delayed sequelae of blunt abdominal trauma in a pregnant woman]. PMID- 7122306 TI - [Evaluation of serological studies in the diagnosis of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women]. PMID- 7122307 TI - [Signs suggestive of extra-abdominal pathological changes in acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 7122308 TI - [Effect of low concentrations of various metals and gasoline in the air on serum proteins and lipids]. PMID- 7122309 TI - [The impulse-generating activity of the sinus node in sportsmen with different grades of bradycardia at rest]. PMID- 7122310 TI - [Dupuytren's contracture in the course of internal diseases]. PMID- 7122311 TI - [Organic central nervous system diseases in a population of pupils leaving elementary school]. PMID- 7122312 TI - [Antibacterial activity of silver sulfathiazole in various ointment compositions]. PMID- 7122313 TI - [Drug resistance in malignant neoplasms]. PMID- 7122314 TI - [Giant ovarian cyst as a diagnostic problem in the delivery room]. PMID- 7122315 TI - [Pulmonary edema]. PMID- 7122316 TI - Sex dimorphism of the adrenal cortex in rats after treatment with dexamethasone. AB - Sex dimorphism of adrenal cortex of the rat was studied by light and electron microscopy as well as the karyometric, gravimetric, and histometric methods after treatment with dexamethasone (2.0 mg/kg over a period of 4 days). Sex dimorphism cannot be shown in dexamethasone-induced atrophy of adrenal glands. Male fasciculata cells have more and finer distributed liposomes resembling in this way female fasciculata cells. Normally present differences in adrenal weight and nuclear size of fasciculata cells between both sexes disappear; nevertheless, female fasciculata cells remain relatively bigger compared to the corresponding male cells. Annulment of sex dimorphism is thought to be the result of altered functional activity of the zona fasciculata due to failing pituitary stimulation. Higher secretion activity of female fasciculata cells probably ceases after dexamethasone treatment. PMID- 7122317 TI - Effect and duration of gestagen influence on adrenal cortex and ovary. A morphological study in the Syrian golden hamster. AB - Perinatal androgen application prevents the cyclic secretion of gonadotropins and leads to sterility. Androgenic side effects were recorded in some synthetic gestagens. In order to determine their extent, different synthetic gestagens (dydrogesterone acetate, medroxyprogesterone acetate, cyproterone acetate) and one androgen hormone (testosterone propionate) were administered to ten separate groups of male and female hamsters. Started perinatally, the treatment was continued with increasing doses till the end of the eight week. Matched groups of animals and controls were killed at the age of 8 weeks (end of treatment), 12 weeks, and 16 weeks. Gestagenic effects on the adrenals and ovaries were studied by gravimetry, light microscopy, and histometry. The adrenals are influenced by the glucocorticoid-like and androgenic side-effects of MP and CA, but DY produces no effects of this kind. All gestagens reduce the number of corpora lutea, but the androgenic side-effects do not prevent the production of corpora lutea. Adrenal and ovarian changes are reversible. The female hamster adrenal is a sensitive substrate for androgenic and glucocorticoid-like side effects of synthetic gestagens. PMID- 7122318 TI - Effects of cyproterone acetate and oestradiol benzoate on the rat testis. Morphometric study after treatment over 35 days. AB - The testes of juvenile and adult rats were subjected to a histomorphometric and ultramorphometric examination after a 5-week cyproterone acetate and oestradiol benzoate treatment respectively. In the cyproterone acetate animals only minor changes of spermatogenesis are found in contrast to the oestradiol benzoate ones. The juvenile rats were not differing from those in the control group. In the older rats a reduction of the spermatocytes area portion in the basal zone of seminiferous epithelium can be proven. Oestradiol benzoate leads to an arrest of spermatogenesis at the stage of spermatocytes or the early spermatids respectively. At the same time the median diameter of seminiferous tubulus and the total area of seminiferous epithelium has considerably decreased in comparison to the treatment with anti-androgen. By the applied method an influence of the two substances on the spermatogonia was not recognizable. PMID- 7122319 TI - Ultrastructural and histochemical aspects of prostatic secretion in dog. AB - The reaction of canine prostatic epithelium was studied ultrastructurally and histochemically (acid phosphatase, zinc) in mature Beagle-dogs 15 minutes after intravenous application of pilocarpine (1 mg/kg body weight). In the normal prostate we found only merocrine secretion with exocytosis of secretory granules. Exocytosis persisted after stimulation with pilocarpine, but was quantitatively greatly increased. Apocrine or holocrine types of secretion were neither found under resting conditions nor under extreme functional stress of the glandular epithelium. Histochemically a distinct decrease of the activity of acid phosphatase and of zinc in the apical part of the epithelium has developed, which corresponds to the ultrastructurally obvious loss of secretory granules. PMID- 7122320 TI - Retrospective analysis of 1500 mamma biopsies from 1951-1975. A way of self control in pathology. AB - Recently, doubts have been raised regarding the accuracy of histopathological diagnosis. For reasons of quality control, three groups of 500 mamma biopsies each, covering the consecutive periods 1951-1953, 1963-1964, 1975 were re examined microscopically. The quota of error for material re-diagnosed as false positive or false-negative was 0.13%. 23 pre and early malignant alterations, formerly "suspected" cases and descriptive diagnoses were considered as "borderline" cases, and re-examined separately by 3 different pathologists. In only 4 cases the suspected malignancy, i.e. the diagnosis of so-called CLIS, was not confirmed. A relative increase of unsuspected mamma biopsies became apparent in the last period of investigation, possible due to the wide range of pre surgical examination methods used today, or to increasing clinical efforts to detect pre-malignant alterations. No shift could be established in the mastopathy group. PMID- 7122321 TI - Hypothetical evolution of necorsis in glioblastomas. A histopathological and morphometric study. PMID- 7122322 TI - Connective tissue aging in the human hypophysis-gonadal system. AB - The basic issue in our project was to quantify the age-process in the human hypophysis-gonadal system. Of the many aspects of aging, we estimated, using human autopsy material, the content of desoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), of hydroxyproline, of hexosamines and of uronic acids in the hypophysis, testis, and ovary. The respective organs were weighed and homogenised in acid-buffer solution after which, for each of the parameters, 1.0 ml of homogenate was extracted and processed: DNA-estimation according to modified Dische/Seibert (1929) method; hydroxy-proline according to Stegemann and Stalder (1967); hexosamines and uronic acids according to Gatt and Berman (1966) and Blumenkrantz and Asboe-Hansen (1973) respectively. All values obtained were expressed in micrograms/ml of homogenate. The age investigated ranged from a few days old to 99 years. The DNA curves for the hypophysis initially showed a decline till about the third decade of life and then remained almost constant with a significant decline up to the senile age. The DNA-curves for the testis and ovary demonstrated a sharp decline initially till the third decade of life, after which the curves remained constant, but showed reduction during higher age. Similar pattern of distribution was also observed for hexosamines, and uronic acids: after the initial decline of uronic acids in the human hypophysis and testis during the first three decades of life and nearly constant values thereafter, hexosamines, together with the uronic acids show minimal decrease in content during the senile period. Contents od hydroxyproline significantly increased in testis, ovary and hypophysis with aging. This biochemically proven age-fibrosis in the human gonads corresponds to the morphologically observed vascular and interstitial sclerosis in the testis and the ovary and may partly help to explain the declined sensitivity of these target organs to hypophyseal stimulation during the aging period. PMID- 7122323 TI - Insertion tendopathy in athletes. A light microscopic, histochemical and electron microscopic examination. AB - Tendon tissue of eleven athletes suffering from insertion tendopathy and of two controls was examined. Part of the tissue was prepared for routine light microscopy, a part for enzyme histochemical staining of Nicotinamide-adenine dinudeotide-diaphorase (NADP-diaphorase), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), beta glucuronidase and alkaline phosphatase. Small pieces of tissue were also prepared for electron microscopic examination. The removed tissue was edematous and mushy. The normally densely packed parallel or interwoven collagen bundles were loosened by edema, focal necrosis or hemorrhage. Infiltration of fatty tissue and granulation tissue was also present. The amount of acid mucopolysaccharides was markedly increased. The histochemical studies showed strong enzyme activity of NADP-diaphorase and LDH in normal tendon tissue as well as around areas of degeneration and in granulation tissue. beta-Glucuronidase and alkaline phosphatase was present, but in general with lesser activity than the above enzymes. The electron microscopic examination revealed marked degeneration of the fiber systems, focal necrosis, deposit of amorphous masses and mucopolysaccharides and focal mineralisation. The reparative zones showed proliferating capillaries, often with a collapsed lumen and prominent endothelial cells and basement membranes. PMID- 7122325 TI - Hemangiopericytoma of the prostate. A lightmicroscopic study of an unusual tumor. PMID- 7122324 TI - The effect of cyproterone acetate and estradiol benzoate on the adrenal gland of juvenile and adult rats. A morphometrical study. PMID- 7122326 TI - [Clinico-histologic-morphometric correlations in pulmonary arteries among patients with heart malformations ]. AB - To improve the evaluation of grades of pulmonary vascular lesions in congenital heart malformations, we studied the extent to which there is a measurable relationship between pressure conditions in the pulmonary circulation and the area of the media in small and medium-sized pulmonary arteries, and the possibility of a correlation between the subjective evaluation of grades of hypertensive pulmonary vascular lesions according to Heath and Edwards (1958). Material and methods. The lungs in 68 children (mean age, 22.7 months) with congenital malformations of the heart or great vessels resulting in pulmonary hypertension were examined. The lungs were fixed in a 4% formalin solution passed via the trachea under a constant filling pressure of 150 cm H2O. Peripheral as well as central tissue was removed from all lobes of the lungs; the specimens were stained with Elastica-van Gieson. The extent of hypertensive pulmonary vasculopathy was staged, without knowledge of the pressure conditions, according to the grading system developed by Heath and Edwards. The diameter and the area of all muscular arteries with diameters smaller or larger than 100 micron were measured using a semiautomatic measurement device for quantitative morphometric analysis (MOP/AM 01). Cardiac catheter values were available for all cases. The quotient of systolic pressures in the pulmonary artery and the aorta was taken as the measure of hemodynamic conditions in the pulmonary circulation. The Pearson Bravais correlation coefficient (r) was computed from the respective area quotient and the corresponding pressure values. In addition, the coefficient of determination (r2) and regression functions were determined. Results. A linear correlation (r = 0.70) exists between the pressure quotient (Psyst. pulm. art./ Psyst. aorta) and the vessel area quotient (media area/total area). The correlation is expressed by the following functions: x = 1.89 y - 0.08 y = 0.26 x + 0.24 Using the Heath and Edwards grading, the following frequencies were obtained: Grade 0: 21, Grade I: 7, Grade II: 16, Grade III: 15, Grade IV: 6, and 3 children were undeterminable. No relationship exists between the grades and certain heart malformations. In spite of the fact that hypertensive vasculopathy becomes progressively more severe as the child grows older, we found four cases of Grade IV in children under the age of one. On the whole, a comparison of the measured area quotients and the Heath and Edwards grading showed a good correlation. Although we considered only pressure quotients and no other hemodynamic parameters, conclusions can be drawn about the operability of congenital heart malformations based on these findings. Using measured pressure values, the morphologic state of the pulmonary arteries can be approximately evaluated. PMID- 7122328 TI - Lethal cardio-respiratory failure in a case of progressive angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AIL). PMID- 7122327 TI - [Cadmium-induced vertebral-column ankylosis in whitefish ]. AB - In two healthy and two diseased whitefish (Coregonus Wartmanni) taken from Lake Constance (FRG), ankylosis of the vertebral column was investigated both roentgenologically and histologically. Subsequent to the collapse and necrosis of the "residual" spinal cord within the intervertebral spaces, the outside edges of the vertebral bodies come into direct contact. The compression and tensile forces that occur to an increased extent as a result of the instability, lead not only to a remodelling of the vertebral bodies, but also to the formation of spondylotic osteophytes at the edges of the vertebrae and, as a result of periosteal stimulation, to the development of cellular hyaline cartilage, which fills the intervertebral spaces. Finally, as a result of perichondral ossification, a bony ankylosis develops. The humping of the spine of the fish due to the stiffening and shortening of the vertebral column, is accompanied by a restriction in the animal's freedom of movement. Muscular atrophic processes and disordered food uptake give rise to poor growth and a reduction in the weight of the diseased fish. These remodelling processes in the spine resulting from instability are specific to the periosteum and may be equated with the changes seen in man in spondylosis deformans. The possible cause of this vertebral column ankylosis is cadmium poisoning. The accumulation of this heavy metal obviously leads primarily to an irreversible toxic degeneration of the cells of the chorda dorsalis. PMID- 7122329 TI - Computerized image analysis of nuclear shape as a prognostic factor for prostatic cancer. AB - Computer assisted image analysis was used to determine quantitative and reproducible nuclear morphology of 17 totally excised pathological specimens from stage B-2 prostatic cancer in an attempt to correlate histopathological analysis with clinical prognosis for the individual patient. We describe a nuclear roundness factor that correlates with the clinical outcome of the individual patient. This nuclear shape factor appears to identify prostatic tumors with a high metastatic potential from tumors that are less aggressive. Quantitative nuclear image analysis, its accuracy, and reproducibility are described and discussed. This technique may provide the pathologist with a valuable tool for analyzing prostatic cancer cells in a quantitative manner, thereby contributing precise information to the urologist relevant to the prognosis of the individual patient. PMID- 7122330 TI - Histologic grading and the practicing urologist. AB - Over the past 60 years, pathologists have identified three histologic features, tumor volume, glandular differentiation, and nuclear anaplasia, as important prognosticators of the malignant potential of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Several histologic grading systems have emerged to assess these morphological and cytological features, but problems with objectivity and reproducibility have been encountered. The failure of grading systems to predict accurately the malignant potential of individual tumors and the paucity of therapeutic options available have prevented many urologists from adopting these systems. Recent progress among stage A lesions has highlighted the clinical relevance of histologic grading systems, but advances are needed in prognostic techniques and therapeutic modalities before the practicing urologist can apply histologic information clinically among the majority of his patients. PMID- 7122332 TI - Nuclear androgen receptor assay in biopsy-size specimens of human prostatic tissue. AB - Nuclear androgen receptors in benign and malignant human prostatic tumors were estimated with a nuclear exchange assay to evaluate the applicability of the assay to biopsy size tissue samples. The mean nuclear androgen receptor content of six different prostate samples was not dependent on the amount of tissue used. In contrast, however, there was no significant correlation between the results obtained for individual prostates when large samples (500 mg) and samples weighing 100, 50(r = 0.38, n = 14), and 25 mg were compared. This lack of correlation could not be attributed to variations in the assay nor to differences in the percentage of epithelium in the samples. There was no effect of the presence of molybdate on the estimated nuclear androgen receptor level. We concluded that androgen receptors are distributed nonhomogeneously over prostatic tissue and that androgen receptor assays on multiple biopsies are required to obtain a proper estimate of the true androgen receptor content of the tissue. PMID- 7122331 TI - Significance of prostatic biopsies after radiation therapy for carcinoma of the prostate. AB - The significance of a prostatic biopsy after radiation therapy for prostatic cancer is at present uncertain. Criteria for interpreting residual tumor cells as viable and, more important, determining whether such cells are biologically capable of local growth and/or subsequent dissemination, by histological evaluation, require further clinical correlation and studies designed to better characterize biological behavior and growth potential of neoplastic cells in general and how this may or may not be altered by irradiation. A positive biopsy after radiation therapy must be regarded, however, as ominous simply because its potential significance is yet to be determined. Prostatic biopsies may predict treatment failure in general, but their significance relative to an individual patient requires correlation with 1) tumor stage, grade, size, and site of the original tumor; 2) technique of biopsy, number of cores obtained, and the location relative to the original tumor; 3) time interval of biopsy after treatment and whether biopsy is performed on one or more occasions; 4) circumstances (clinical progression or clinical regression) at the time of biopsy; and 5) treatment artifacts regarding dose delivered and distribution, which is especially important with regard to interstitial irradiation. PMID- 7122334 TI - Immunodiagnosis of prostate cancer: an evaluation of cell-mediated immunity. AB - Leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI), a suggested in vitro correlate of cell mediated immunity, was employed to identify patients with various stages of adenocarcinoma of the prostate on the basis of their degree of reactivity to prostatic tumor-associated antigens. Eighty-one percent of the patients and 56% of the controls were identified correctly. The efficiency of LAI was based on the sensitivity and specificity of the test. Our data revealed the absence of any correlation between patients' clinical stage of the disease and their in vitro reactivity to prostatic tumor-associated antigens. PMID- 7122333 TI - In vitro and in vivo effects of diethylstilbestrol and estramustine phosphate (Estracyt) on the mitogen responsiveness of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. AB - The responsiveness to diethylstilbestrol (DES) and estramustinephosphate (EMP) of human peripheral blood lymphocytes to T-cell mitogens has been investigated in vitro and in vivo. EMP demonstrated potent inhibition of both Con A- and PHA induced lymphocyte proliferation in vitro, while it had no detectable effects when given to patients with cancer of the prostate. DES reduced the response to Con A in vitro, but had only marginal effects on PHA-induced mitogen response. In contrast, the response to Con A was unaltered, while the response to PHA was significantly diminished after DES therapy in patients with prostatic cancer. This effect, however, was only seen when high doses of DES not included in conventional regimen were given. The proliferative response to T-cell mitogens in patients with prostatic cancer was not affected by serum source in the assay, indicating the absence of humoral factors able to inhibit mitogen response in these patients. PMID- 7122335 TI - Health care in jails: a unique challenge in medical practice. AB - Prisoners deserve to be taken seriously and treated with respect by the physician, as does any person seeking medical care. Treatment should include an adequate history and physical examination as well as indicated laboratory tests. Anxiety is a ubiquitous problem in prison life and can adversely affect any medical condition. The diagnosis of malingering is and should be one of exclusion, and the physician should keep in mind that a seemingly healthy prisoner might have several other reasons for seeking medical help. The physician needs to be confident of the diagnosis before returning the person to the cell block, as prisoners do not have freedom of access to medical care. New standards, programs, literature, journals, and conferences have drawn attention to the jail as a place where the physician can intervene in a positive way to decrease the recycling of crime and illness. It is not enough to be able to practice good medicine in a jail. Such practice must recognize the special needs of prisoners and the special problems inherent in the jail environment. PMID- 7122336 TI - Interpretation of laboratory results in the elderly. 1. A clinician's guide to hematologic and hepatorenal function tests. AB - An understanding of the normal aging process and its effects on common laboratory values is essential when evaluating the elderly patient. Although results of research to determine precise changes in values for this age-group in hemoglobin, hematocrit, white cell count, ESR, serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase, SGOT, and glomerular filtration have not been conclusive in most instances, some of the findings described here warrant consideration. We believe that the established normal ranges for these values do not need to be significantly modified for the elderly and that slight deviations from them are normal for the healthy patient. However, all abnormal test results should not be attributed to aging alone; the clinician might overlook the need for further diagnostic workup for possible serious disorders. PMID- 7122337 TI - Nursing shortage-fact or fancy? PMID- 7122339 TI - Hospice--compassionate, comprehensive approach to terminal care. AB - The hospice is a physician-directed, multidisciplinary program of care for terminally ill patients designed to meet their emotional and spiritual as well as their physical needs. Services are provided in the patient's home for as long as possible and then at the hospital, if necessary. Consistent with the hospice's goal of enabling the patient to maintain the highest quality of life possible for as long as possible, every effort is made to relieve enervating symptoms, particularly by administration of analgesics in dosage adequate to control pain. The patient's family and friends are encouraged to participate in care and are given whatever help necessary in coping with their own reactions to the terminal illness. Recent enthusiasm for the hospice concept in this country reflects deficiencies in the care of terminally ill patients that can be attributed in large part to inadequacies in the training physicians receive. By including instruction on the enormous psychologic consequences of illness and impending death, medical schools would better equip future physicians to serve their patients. PMID- 7122338 TI - Gold for rheumatoid arthritis: current perspectives. AB - Gold therapy induces remission in many patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This fact, coupled with improved understanding of gold's mechanism of action and better ability to monitor its side effects, has led to a resurgence of popularity of this drug in the treatment of RA. Gold should be used as an adjunct when basic therapy, ie, aspirin or nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, rest, and physical therapy, fails. Careful patient selection and education; early attention to side effects, especially mouth and skin reactions; and willingness to increase the dosage if the usual regimen does not bring about a satisfactory response, all contribute to successful use of gold. Although only injectable forms of gold are now available in the United States, an oral form that seems to be less toxic is being tested. PMID- 7122341 TI - Bad language. PMID- 7122340 TI - Therapeutic plasmapheresis: "bloodletting" makes a return. PMID- 7122343 TI - Proctalgia fugax. PMID- 7122342 TI - Allergies: protective against cancer but predisposing to heart disease. PMID- 7122344 TI - Unsuccessful parathyroid surgery. Keeping the risk of failure minimal. PMID- 7122345 TI - Recently introduced antidepressants: their place in clinical practice. PMID- 7122346 TI - Smoking cessation: the physician's role. AB - Tobacco use is the leading attributable health risk in the United States today, and smoking cessation by patients should be a major concern of all practicing physicians. A history and physical examination with emphasis on the consequences of tobacco use can open up the subject, while the nonsmoking behavior of physician and office personnel and the office setting itself reinforce the nonsmoking advice. When a patient has decided to quit, the physician can implement several strategies: provide a positive orientation toward quitting, discuss the pros and cons of gradual versus sudden cessation, identify triggers to smoking, anticipate withdrawal symptoms, and set up a reinforcement system. PMID- 7122347 TI - The hearing-impaired elderly patient: a sensitive approach. PMID- 7122350 TI - Refractory left ventricular failure: use of two-dimensional echocardiography in identification of thrombi. AB - A 65-year-old woman was hospitalized several times after having an acute anteroseptal transmural infarction. Her course was complicated by recurrent ventricular tachycardia and severe left ventricular failure. Chest x-ray films showed pulmonary congestion and mild right pleural effusion. Two-dimensional echocardiography revealed a large left ventricular thrombus, which resolved after two months of treatment. The course of anticoagulation was later complicated by massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Finally, the patient died in her sleep, probably as a result of arrhythmia. An autopsy revealed extensive left ventricular mural thrombi. The early identification of left ventricular thrombus by two-dimensional echocardiography has lifesaving implications. It is possible that, with proper medical management, further formation of pulmonary emboli could be prevented. PMID- 7122349 TI - Physicians and their specialties. What do the statistics show? PMID- 7122348 TI - Abnormalities in and around the ear: congenital, traumatic, inflammatory, and neoplastic. AB - Lesions on or about the auricle may be of congenital, traumatic, inflammatory, or neoplastic origin. For congenital lesions, appropriate treatment and correction of hearing loss are important concerns. The most common traumatic lesions, subperichondral hematomas and keloids, require accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment to prevent development of further problems. Inflammatory lesions are usually easy to diagnose from the patient's complaints of recent onset of pain, erythema, and edema. Neoplasms, especially squamous cell carcinoma, should be considered in differential diagnosis of a sore that does not heal. When treatment of a periauricular abnormality involves surgery, biopsy, or incision and drainage, care should be taken not to jeopardize the facial nerve. PMID- 7122352 TI - Viral skin infections: challenges in differential diagnosis and therapy. PMID- 7122351 TI - Bacterial skin infections: management of common streptococcal and stapylococcal lesions. AB - Skin infection occurs in any age-group, sex, and race but is particularly common in children. It is usually minor, but may indicate underlying systemic disease or may lead to systemic infection. Streptococci and staphylococci are common causes. Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci account for the majority of streptococcal infections in man. Infection most often involves the lower extremities and produces spreading erythema and necrosis but little purulence. Staphylococcal infections most commonly involve the face, the hair follicles and eccrine sweat ducts being the initial sites. Lesions appear as bullae and pustules with a narrow rim of erythema. Intense cellulitis surrounding the lesions usually points to a virulent, penicillin-resistant strain of Staphylococcus. Treatment of both types of infection consists of cleansing with antibacterial agents, removal of crusts, application of warm compresses, and use of topical or systemic antibiotics, depending on the severity of the infection and the type of pyoderma involved. PMID- 7122353 TI - Nonscarring hair loss disorders: the basis for recognition and treatment. AB - Hair loss can be assessed objectively by examining a hair pull sample for stage of growth and hair shaft diameter, getting an estimate of average daily hair loss, and mapping scalp hair density. The history of the loss, the clinical picture, and the growth stage and diameter of the hair when lost all help to establish the type of loss. Hair regrowth occurs without treatment in most types of hair loss. There is as yet no effective treatment for pattern or senescent alopecia, although in women the loss can now be retarded somewhat. PMID- 7122356 TI - Pleural fluid data: 1. Interpretation in bacterial and tuberculous infections. PMID- 7122355 TI - Synovial cyst presenting as forearm mass. AB - A 43-year-old man with rheumatoid arthritis that involved primarily the hands and feet was seen at Veterans Administration Wadsworth Medical Center, Los Angeles, for a painless mass on the left forearm. An antecubital synovial cyst was diagnosed on the basis of results of ultrasonography and arthrography. Arthrocentesis of the elbow joint yielded 5 ml of serous fluid. Intraarticular injection of a corticosteroid resulted in complete resolution of the mass within three days, thus surgery was avoided. PMID- 7122357 TI - Pleural fluid data: 2. Interpretation in pulmonary embolism and malignancy. PMID- 7122354 TI - Interpretation of laboratory results in the elderly. 2. A clinician's guide to endocrine tests. PMID- 7122358 TI - The trouble with nursing homes. PMID- 7122359 TI - Evaluation of arthritic joints by ultrasonography. PMID- 7122360 TI - Consequences of lymphoma therapy. PMID- 7122362 TI - Anemia and food fadism. PMID- 7122361 TI - Effects of antihypertensives on blood lipids. PMID- 7122363 TI - Physician's view of physician advertising. PMID- 7122364 TI - What to tell patients about weight-loss methods. 1. Diets. PMID- 7122365 TI - What to tell patients about weight-loss methods. 2. Drugs. PMID- 7122366 TI - What to tell patients about weight-loss methods. 3. Surgical and psychologic approaches. PMID- 7122367 TI - Liver disease in brucellosis. A clinical and pathological study of 40 cases. PMID- 7122368 TI - The role of race and environment in the development of hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic non-ketotic coma. PMID- 7122369 TI - Anorexia nervosa occurring in patients with diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7122372 TI - Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia associated with recurrent pulmonary emboli and benign pelvic tumours. PMID- 7122370 TI - Acute hearing loss in giant cell arteritis. PMID- 7122371 TI - Cerebral involvement in primary mixed cryoglobulinaemia. PMID- 7122373 TI - Amyloidosis complicating psoriasis. PMID- 7122374 TI - Angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy: a case with a 17-year follow-up. PMID- 7122375 TI - Liver abscess due to an unusual strain of Yersinia enterocolitica. PMID- 7122376 TI - Polymyositis presenting as sick sinus syndrome. PMID- 7122377 TI - Amoebic ulcer of the penis. PMID- 7122378 TI - Gastric ulcer healing by cimetidine in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the stomach. PMID- 7122380 TI - Collagenous colitis: the clinical and morphological features. PMID- 7122379 TI - Electrocardiographic changes in acute ulcerative colitis. PMID- 7122381 TI - Does multiple injection sclerotherapy have a role in the long-term management of oesophageal varices? PMID- 7122382 TI - An evaluation of the Bishop scoring system in relation to a method of induction of labour by intra-vaginal prostaglandin. PMID- 7122383 TI - Transplacental transfer of 25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol. PMID- 7122385 TI - Childhood cervical enterogenous cyst presenting with hemiparesis. PMID- 7122386 TI - Wernicke's encephalopathy following 'hunger strike'. PMID- 7122387 TI - Acute exacerbation of upper airway obstruction in acromegaly. PMID- 7122388 TI - Symptomatic papillary tumour of the pulmonary valve. PMID- 7122384 TI - Neurological and psychiatric side effects of cimetidine--report of 3 cases with review of the literature. PMID- 7122389 TI - Pneumomediastinum as a complication of fast bowling in cricket. PMID- 7122390 TI - Turner's syndrome associated with bicuspid aortic stenosis and dissecting aortic aneurysm. PMID- 7122391 TI - Pernicious anaemia in a young man presenting with dyspepsia. PMID- 7122392 TI - Renal vein thrombosis complicating primary hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 7122394 TI - Near-fatal systemic oxygen embolism due to wound irrigation with hydrogen peroxide. PMID- 7122393 TI - Reversible agranulocytosis in association with cimetidine and hepatic failure. PMID- 7122395 TI - Recovery without sequelae from severe methanol intoxication. PMID- 7122396 TI - [Relation of speech behavior and communication experience in the family therapy interview]. PMID- 7122397 TI - [Family conflicts as collusion--a psychodynamic perspective for family therapy]. PMID- 7122398 TI - [Psychodynamics of step families with a psychiatrically disturbed child]. PMID- 7122399 TI - [Educational therapy: a total model for child-rearing counseling]. PMID- 7122400 TI - [Endocrine tumours (APUDomas) of the duodenum--a cooperative study]. PMID- 7122401 TI - [Metastases to the duodenum]. PMID- 7122402 TI - [Incidence and type of duodenal lesions in pancreatic cancer]. PMID- 7122405 TI - [Ambulatory blood pressure profiles in general practice]. PMID- 7122404 TI - [Clinical relevance of individual variations in antihypertensive drugs oxidation]. PMID- 7122403 TI - [Duodenum and tumors of the neighbouring organs]. PMID- 7122406 TI - [Truth and reality in psychotherapeutical treatment]. AB - Truth is not to be understood in the abstract but as an individual inner truth which comes from knowing the underlying nature of the human being, from knowing all his qualities and feelings. A person is ill or becomes ill, when he will not experience his inner truth or allow it to surface. Psychotherapy must help the patient to find his personal inner truth. -- To reality on the other hand do belong all objects, all processes and events, as do all other people and their individual inner thruths. By integrating the person's inner truth into reality through action, there will be changes of the reality. Expressing one's inner truth does not necessarily equate with leading a healthy existence. Mentally ill people often cannot accept their individual inner truths, which also include their mental illness. Psychotherapy should accentuate the healthy parts of the mind and emphasize all the circumstances which the patient has managed well. The freedom of a patient not to want to acknowledge his inner truth must be respected; to accompany the ill person in an unassuming way can also be effective. The specific character of his illness and its resulting actions also belong to the patient's individual inner truth. This knowledge gives rise to necessary sacrifice and helps bring about the required period of mourning. Sacrifice and mourning also constitute part of existence. They can lead man to greater psychic maturity and contribute to independent use of the achieved individual inner truth. PMID- 7122407 TI - [Myopericarditis with low-output-syndrome; liver cell necrosis]. PMID- 7122409 TI - [Pathology of colonic polyps]. PMID- 7122408 TI - [Epidemiology and prevention of large bowel cancer]. PMID- 7122411 TI - [Occult blood test in feces of hospitalized patients and out-patients -- results of an own haemoccult study]. PMID- 7122410 TI - [High risk groups for colorectal cancer]. PMID- 7122412 TI - [Differential diagnosis of anxiety]. PMID- 7122413 TI - [Final results of a clinical, genetic and cytogenetic study of 182 oligophrenic patients in a medico-educational institution. 1]. PMID- 7122414 TI - [Guidelines for early detection of colorectal cancer in asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals]. PMID- 7122415 TI - [Natural history of non-specific chest pain]. PMID- 7122416 TI - [Case report from practice (9)]. PMID- 7122417 TI - [What is your diagnosis?]. PMID- 7122418 TI - [Paraganglioma of the duodenum ]. PMID- 7122421 TI - [Lymphfollicular hyperplasia and lymphangiectasia in the duodenum ]. PMID- 7122419 TI - [Endoscopic aspect of a lymphangioma of the duodenum ]. PMID- 7122420 TI - [Stenosing cystic tumor of the duodenum (cyst of Brunner's glands) ]. PMID- 7122422 TI - [Lymph-cysts of the duodenal mucosa ]. PMID- 7122423 TI - The preparation of orosomucoid from nephrotic urine. AB - A gel chromatographic and ion exchange procedure is described for the preparation of orosomucoid from nephrotic urine. The removal of endogenous lipid and glycosaminoglycan than yields a highly homogeneous preparation. Aggregates are formed at ambient temperatures and as a result of lyophilisation of ultrafiltration. PMID- 7122424 TI - Isolation of rat pituitary prolactin isohormones differing in charge, size, and specific immunological activity. AB - A method has been described for the isolation of three differently charged isohormones of rat prolactin from a discard fraction obtained after extraction of gonadotropins, thyrotropin and growth hormone from homogenized frozen pituitaries. The procedure involved extraction at pH 9.8, ammonium sulphate fractionation, molecular sieve chromatography on Sephadex G-100, and column electrophoresis in agarose suspension. The purification was monitored by radioimmunoassays and the recovered components were all found to possess a specific immunoactivity exceeding that of the standard preparation (RP-1) supplied by the NIAMDD, Bethesda, U.S.A. Increased acidity among these isohormones was found to be paralleled by significantly decreased immunopotency. Each component showed biological activity in radioreceptor assay. A high degree of purity of the isolated components was shown by analytical electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. Sodium dodecyl sulphate electrophoresis in the same medium showed no size heterogeneity and yielded a value of approximately 25 000 for the molecular weight of the isohormones. In addition a large form of prolactin, suggested to represent a dimer, was isolated by a further extraction step (pH 10.5) followed by molecular sieve chromatography on Sephadex G-100 and electrophoresis in agarose suspension. The large form was associated with both biopotency and immunopotency. The electrophoresis resolved the prolactin activity into three or four immunoactive components. This pleomorphism of the large prolactin was confirmed by analytical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Amino acid analyses revealed a close similarity between the three monomers and the major dimeric form of the hormone. PMID- 7122425 TI - Preparation of coupled mitochondria and microsomes from liver biopsy samples of African green monkeys. AB - A differential centrifugation method is described for isolating mitochondria and microsomes from monkey liver biopsy samples (approximately 30 mg wet weight). Comparison of the biopsy sample preparation with organelles isolated from 10 g of the same liver revealed that the small-scale procedure yields mitochondria of comparable purity, and microsomes slightly more contaminated with mitochondria. The mitochondria retained respiratory control and demonstrated succinate oxidase activity at a level of 65% that of the large-scale preparations. The specific activity for NADPH-cytochrome c reductase in biopsy sample microsomes was equivalent to that of organelles isolated from liver sections. PMID- 7122426 TI - Placental transfer and metabolism of purines and nucleosides in the pregnant guinea pig. AB - The placental transfer and metabolism of several purines and nucleosides have been investigated using an artificially perfused guinea-pig placenta. A model describing transfer and metabolism in the uteroplacental unit is constructed and applied. Measurements of oxypurines and guanine have been performed in vivo in the blood of pregnant guinea pigs and their fetuses. It appears that only the oxypurines and, to a lesser extent, guanine are present in the maternal and fetal circulations. These purines could be involved in transfer from mother to fetus and used for salvage in the fetal tissues. PMID- 7122427 TI - Adenylate cyclase from term human placenta and its regulation. AB - The activation of placental AC by either Mg2+ or Mn2+, in the presence and absence of NaF, followed sigmoidal saturation kinetics. Mn2+ enhanced maximally the NaF-stimulated Mg2+-dependent AC activity. The apparent Km of Mg2+-dependent AC for ATP was 0.4 mM, with and without NaF addition. GTP and GMP-P(NH)P stimulated the Mg2+-dependent AC in a dose-dependent manner with half-maximal stimulation taking place at concentrations of approximately 2 microM. In the presence of GMP-P(NH)P (10 microM) the kinetics of the AC dependence on Mg2+ ion concentration changed from sigmoidal to hyperbolic. Most of the AC activity (greater than 83 per cent) was associated with the particulate fractions of placental homogenate. For better reproducibility, the AC assay was performed using sonicated particulate fraction preparations; sonication did not alter the response of AC to stimuli to a variety of agents used in these experiments; freezing and thawing, however, obliterated the stimulation by beta-adrenergic agonists. Placental AC activity was inhibited by p-hydroxymercuriphenyl sodium sulphonate in a dose-dependent fashion, and the inhibition was reversed by dithiothreitol. Mg2+-dependent AC was inhibited by 0.5 mM phenylhydrazine (95 per cent). Mg2+-dependent AC activity was responsive to stimulation by epinephrine, without and with GTP addition, with half-maximal stimulation taking place at a concentration of 2 microM. The stimulatory effect of epinephrine was blocked by propranolol in a dose-dependent manner but was not blocked by phentolamine. Oestrone, oestradiol-17 beta, 2-hydroxyoestreone, 2-hydroxyoestradiol-17 beta, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, and progesterone, as well as oxytocin, did not alter either the basal or GMP-P(NH)P-stimulated Mg2+-dependent AC activities. Preincubation of 20 000 g particulate fraction with either NaF or GMP-P(NH)P, followed by washing, resulted in preparations that remained stimulated without the requirement of any further additions. PMID- 7122428 TI - Endarteritis obliterans of the fetal stem arteries of the human placenta: an electron microscopic study. PMID- 7122429 TI - Ewing's sarcoma metastatic to placenta. PMID- 7122430 TI - Precursors of atherosclerosis in children: the Cittadella study. Follow-up and tracking of total serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and blood glucose. PMID- 7122431 TI - Multivariate correlates of adult blood pressures in nine North American populations: The Lipid Research Clinics Prevalence Study. PMID- 7122432 TI - Evaluation of cigarette smoking among adolescents: the Muscatine study. PMID- 7122433 TI - Behavioral and biological determinants of surgical stage of breast cancer. PMID- 7122434 TI - Smoking change in relation to changes in blood pressure, weight, and cholesterol. PMID- 7122436 TI - Conference report: Weak associations in epidemiology and their interpretation. American Health Foundation, New York, New York. PMID- 7122435 TI - Cancer preventive screening behavior among elderly women. PMID- 7122437 TI - The role of universities in personal health improvement. PMID- 7122438 TI - [Use of cytochrome P-450 and ferroporphyrin as catalyzers in hydroxylation reactions jointly with electrochemical systems]. AB - The mechanism of P-450 catalyzed reactions is discussed. They are shown not to be true peroxidase reactions. Liver microsome P-450 is capable of oxidizing such substrates as benzphenamine, amidopyrine and p-nitroanisole via molecular oxygen reduced on the cathode. The methods of stabilizing the enzymic system by means of immobilization of microsomes or isolated components are described. The possibility of coupling the enzymic and the electrochemical system is considered. The approaches to the modelling of the cytochrome P-450 catalytic activity with the aid of ferroporphyrine are proposed. PMID- 7122439 TI - [Activation of molecular oxygen by hemin complexes]. AB - This paper considers main properties, structure of the active center and the mechanism of action of cytochromes P-450 of different origin. It compares the literature data on structural models of P-450. Three hemin complexes which are functional models of P-450 were synthesized. Hemin was covalently bonded via carboxyl or methine groups with amino groups of polymethyl methacrylate-based polymers or coordination bonded via iron with imidazole containing polymethyl methacrylate. The diimidazole coordination complex showed the highest specific activity. In H2O2-dependent reactions the complex displayed V M and K M similar to those of liver microsomal cytochrome P-450. In NADPH-dependent reactions the specific activity of the complex was only 1-3% that of cytochrome P-450. The above findings as well as the electronic and EPR-spectra suggest that the complex can be regarded as a functional but not as a structural model of cytochrome P 450. PMID- 7122440 TI - [Ergot alkaloids agroclavine-1 and epoxyagroclavine-1, metabolites of Penicillium corylophilum]. PMID- 7122442 TI - [Thyroid acetylcholinesterase in thyrotoxicosis and goiter]. PMID- 7122441 TI - [Thermodynamic characteristics of aqueous solutions of plant glucomannans]. AB - The effect of plant beta-1,4-glucomannanes on the thermodynamic properties of their aqueous solutions was examined. In this context, the coefficients of distribution of the homologous series of marker compounds with a varying length of the side aliphatic chain in the biphase system: n-octanol-polysaccharide aqueous solution were determined, and the free energy required for the transfer of the methylene group from the buffer solution to the polysaccharide solution was calculated. The dependence of this parameter on the polysaccharide concentration was investigated. It is suggested that the factors responsible for the effect of glucomannanes on the properties of their aqueous solutions include the type and configuration of glycoside bonds, chemical nature of monomer components, and, although to a far smaller extent, the molecular mass. PMID- 7122443 TI - [Thyroid hormone level in the serum in untreated hypothyroidism and in substitution therapy]. AB - Forty-seven patients with clinically revealed hypothyrosis were examined. Of these, 31 subjects were untreated and 16 were in a compensatory stage of the disease after the substitution treatment. All the untreated patients had lowered serum concentration of total thyroxin (TT4) and free thyroxin (FT4I) indices, their mean arithmetical values being statistically different in the mild and moderate stages of the disease. The total triiodothyronine (T3) level was within normal in 10 of 31 patients. The reverse T3 concentration was normal in patients with the mild stage of the disease and three times lower in the moderate form. T3 concentration was moderately increased in 7 treated patients, whereas 2 of them had TT4 and FT4I indices below normal. T4 deficiency is likely to be the crucial factor in the clinical manifestations of all hypothyrosis forms. Dissimilar changes in the total and reverse T3 levels in some patients are seemed to be caused by the compensatory mechanism and cannot serve as the main diagnostic criterion. PMID- 7122444 TI - [Individual characteristics of the organization of the human endocrine system]. AB - Individual features of the endocrine system were studied in 26 healthy men, divided into 2 groups, according to the characteristics of EEG, electrocutaneous thresholds and the time response (TR) upon sound signals of 40 to 120 decibels. The subjects of the 1st group were characterized by the high energy of EEG delta- and theta-rhythms, low energy of alpha-rhythm, low thresholds and TR40 : TR120 ratio. The patients of the 2nd group had the opposite parameters. In both groups the blood plasma and urine catecholamine content, ACTH, TTH, 11 hydroxycorticosteroids, cortisol, aldosterone, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, testosterone and plasmatic insulin were determined by means of spectrofluorometry and radioimmunoassay. The elevation of the cortisol level after ACTH injection and of the TTH concentration following thyroliberin administration were investigated. Two polar variants of the endocrine system organization were revealed. The patients of the 1st group had an elevated activity of the sympathico-adrenal, hypophyseal-adrenal system and insular apparatus, comparatively lowered activity of the hypophyseal-thyroid system and gonads. The subjects of the 2nd group demonstrated an opposite character of the endocrine system. It is suggested that the individual peculiarities of the human endocrine system promote the development of obesity, Icenko-Cushing's disease, hypertension, thyrotoxicosis, acromegaly and bronchial asthma. PMID- 7122445 TI - [Prolactin secretion in Itsenko-Cushing disease patients treated with chloditan and peritol]. AB - Prolactin secretion was studied in 46 patients with Icenko-Cushing's disease in the acute stage, at the early and late terms of the treatment with khloditan and low doses of peritol and over a period of partial and clinical remission, resultant of the treatment with khloditan and high doses of peritol. The changes in the blood prolactin concentration were determined on the empty stomach by radioimmunoassay in the presence of insulin hypoglycemia and thyroliberin injection. It was found that the prolactin basal level in the blood of patients with Icenko-Cushing's disease remained elevated at the early and late terms of the treatment with khloditan and low doses of peritol and the adenohypophyseal reactivity to stimulants did not return to normal. Khloditan and high dose peritol treatment did not induce clinical and hormonal remission of the disease but resulted in the blood prolactin basal level increase and even more pronounced decrease in the adenohypophyseal reactivity to stimulants in comparison with those of the active stage of the disease. The blood prolactin concentration in patients with clinical remission lowered down to the level, being seen before the treatment, and the reactivity to stimulants significantly improved comparatively to that of the partial remission, but did not return to normal. PMID- 7122449 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in the thyro- and somatotropes of hypothyroid rats as affected by exogenous somatotropin]. AB - The state of somatotropic and thyrotropic adenohypophyseal functions of thyroidectomized rats after chronic injections of bovine somatotropin was studied. The adenohypophyseal somatotropin content increased by 22% per gland. The blood serum immunoreactive thyrotropin concentration was 0.925 +/- 0.063 microgram/ml in intact animals, 3.99 +/- 0.74 microgram/ml in thyroidectomized- and 1.27 +/- 0.19 microgram/ml in thyroidectomized rats, given somatotropin. According to electronic microscopy, hypothyrosis is characterized by an elevated functional somato- and thyrotrop activity, markedly decreased after somatotropin injection. PMID- 7122448 TI - [Adrenal hormone level and collagen metabolism in the aortic wall under the effect of changes in the amygdaloid complex]. AB - The blood catecholamine, 11-hydroxycorticosteroid and free hydroxyproline content and collagen metabolism in the rabbit aortic wall were studied under conditions of chronic electrostimulation and bilateral amygdaloid electrocoagulation. It was found that electrostimulation of the amygdaloid lateral nucleus causes changes in the adrenocorticotropin content, activating collagen metabolism and accumulation in the aortic wall. A fall of the noradrenaline, 11-hydroxycorticosteroid concentration and activation of collagen metabolism, accompanied by its accumulation in the aortic wall, are seen during the 1st month after electrocoagulation. PMID- 7122446 TI - [Experience in treating adolescents with hypogonadism]. AB - Five-year experience in the ambulatory treatment of juvenile hypogonadism has been summarized. The treatment scheme embraced the courses of chorionic gonadotropin injections simultaneously with oral vitamin E administration, replaced by the courses of anabolic steroid therapy, in the presence of prolonged calcium glycerophosphate and thyreoidin use. Androgens were not utilized. 192 juveniles were cured. PMID- 7122447 TI - [Genitography in intersexuality]. AB - Genitography was performed in 60 patients with different sexual abnormalities. The main types of the structure of external and internal genitals were revealed. Genitography can be used in any age, including the 1st year of life. It allows one to take timely measures in determining the civil sex of the infant and early planning the correcting surgery. The data obtained indicate this method to be of interest in the examination of patients suffering from intersexuality. PMID- 7122450 TI - [Interrelations and characteristics of adrenergic and thyroid regulation of the enzymes of energy metabolism]. AB - In experiments on albino male rats it was detected that noradrenaline and adrenoxyl intensify the triiodothyronine-125I binding in myocardial and hepatic nucleus mitochondria. Under the action of adrenaline, triiodothyronine the binding is activated in myocardial mitochondria and is diminished in the cardias and hepatic nuclea. Thyroxin and adrenoxyl enhance noradrenaline-3H uptake by the auricular, myocardial and hepatic sections. Noradrenaline lowers noradrenaline-3H uptake by the auricular and myocardial sections. Hyperthyroidization is accompanied by a decrease in noradrenaline-3H uptake. beta-Adrenoreceptor block does not alter the thyroxine effect on the myocardial and hepatic succinatedehydrogenase, as well as on the hepatic ATPase. alpha-adrenoreceptor block does not influence the thyroxin effect upon the myocardial ATPase, but abolishes its activating action on the hepatic succinatedehydrogenase and ATPase. Realization of several thyroxin effects is associated to some extent with a functional adrenergic state. Catecholamine action on some mitochondrial enzymes is significantly stipulated by the effects of their monoamine oxidase and quinoid transformation products. The quinoid oxidation products of catecholamine render a regulatory effect both during the catecholamine and thyroid hormone accumulation stage and on the level of mitochondrial enzyme reception. PMID- 7122452 TI - [Release of hematopoietic stem cells from the bone marrow into the blood]. PMID- 7122453 TI - [Source of adherent cells in long-term cultures of bone marrow]. PMID- 7122454 TI - [Development of leukemia L-1210 after treatment with the methionine synthetase inhibitor quinoline dibromide]. PMID- 7122455 TI - [Effect of ascorbic acid on the formation and leukemogenic action of p hydroxyphenyllactic acid]. PMID- 7122451 TI - [Characteristics of the clinical aspects, and hormonal and immunological status of thyrotoxicosis patients with a hereditary predisposition to endocrine diseases]. AB - The levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), TTH, STH, free triiodothyronine index T3F/T3/T4, as well as the titers of antibodies to microsome-membranous antigen and thyroglobulin, were studied in thyrotoxic patients with hereditary predisposition to endocrine diseases (thyrotoxicosis, goiter, diabetes mellitus) and in subjects without such heredity. Peculiarities of the disease development and endocrinopathy distribution among their relatives were investigated. More pronounced disorders in thyroid hormone metabolism and humoral immunity state were seen in thyrotoxic patients with hereditary predisposition to endocrine diseases. In comparison with those of the subjects without this heredity. The risk of diabetes mellitus development was detected in thyrotoxic patients predisposed to diabetes mellitus. Clinical manifestations of thyrotoxicosis (the disease severity, goiter of the IVth sage, exophthalmos) were also more evident in subjects predisposed to endocrine diseases. PMID- 7122456 TI - [Kinetics of the lymphocytes of patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia following lymphocytopheresis]. PMID- 7122457 TI - [The hematopoietic microenvironment]. PMID- 7122459 TI - [Organization of the control of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the provinces of Siberia and the Far East]. PMID- 7122458 TI - [Long-term bone marrow cultures as a model for studying stromal hematopoietic precursor cells]. PMID- 7122461 TI - [Role of bronchological studies in diagnosing tuberculosis of the intrathoracic lymph nodes in adults]. PMID- 7122463 TI - [New state in surgery of osteoarticular tuberculosis in children]. PMID- 7122462 TI - [Clinical morphology of the early stages of coniotuberculosis]. PMID- 7122464 TI - [Rifampicin and ethambutol in the chemotherapy of cavernous and fibrous-cavernous renal tuberculosis]. PMID- 7122460 TI - [Effective diagnostic methods in genital tuberculosis in men]. PMID- 7122465 TI - [Respiratory biomechanics in late-detected and long-neglected forms of pulmonary tuberculosis before and after a basic course of treatment]. PMID- 7122466 TI - [Method of modeling uterine tube tuberculosis and its potential use in phthisiogynecology]. PMID- 7122467 TI - [Subcellular distribution of total and hormonal iodine and its dynamics in the tissues of animals with experimental tuberculosis]. PMID- 7122468 TI - [Effect of antitubercular preparations on the myocardium of healthy and tuberculosis-infected rabbits]. PMID- 7122469 TI - [Bone resorption research]. PMID- 7122470 TI - Clinical comparison of two techniques in the registration of the retruded contact position. PMID- 7122471 TI - Paget's diseases of bone. Report of a case affecting the mandible. PMID- 7122472 TI - [Pathological mineralization of soft tissues in experimental animals]. PMID- 7122474 TI - Role of the preimplantation embryo in the timing of LH-dependent progesterone secretion from the rat corpus luteum. PMID- 7122473 TI - Antithyroid effect of 2,3-dihydroxypyridine in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 7122475 TI - Comparative phagocytosis in culture of aortic smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts from rat. PMID- 7122476 TI - The influence of high concentrations of dietary copper on vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. PMID- 7122479 TI - Fasting reverses the renal adaptation to altered dietary sulfur amino acid intake. PMID- 7122477 TI - Allantoxanamide-induced myocardial necrosis in Sprague-Dawley vs spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 7122478 TI - Effect of chlorpromazine on hepatic clearance and excretion of bile acids by the isolated perfused rat liver. PMID- 7122480 TI - Mechanism of action of an antithrombotic agent antithrombin III - factor Xa complex. PMID- 7122483 TI - Marine sponges: a source of novel antibiotics. PMID- 7122481 TI - Isolation and characterization of in vitro endorphin metabolism in the brain. PMID- 7122482 TI - Seizure induced opioid and non-opioid analgesia in rats. PMID- 7122484 TI - Inhibition of acetylspermidine deacetylating activity from rat liver. PMID- 7122485 TI - Metabolism of N-alkylating derivatives of amphetamine by guinea pig and rabbit liver homogenates. PMID- 7122486 TI - Streptozotocin induced diabetic changes in the rat cardiovascular system. PMID- 7122487 TI - Time studies on the effects of tranylcypromine plus tryptophan on formation of tryptamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in rat brain. PMID- 7122488 TI - Determination of atropine through an electron capture gas chromatographic procedure. PMID- 7122489 TI - Membrane structural involvement in smooth muscle relaxation. PMID- 7122490 TI - Cholinomimetic action of the 2-haloalkylamine DMPEA. PMID- 7122491 TI - Tissue levels of the catecholamine depleting agent 1-phenyl-3-(2-thiazolyl)-2 thiourea (U-14,624) following parenteral administration in the rat. PMID- 7122495 TI - Comparison of ATP and hypothermia on survival time in hypoxic hypoxia. PMID- 7122493 TI - Melanosis coli in the guinea pig: a light and electron microscopic study. PMID- 7122496 TI - Failure of verapamil to increase survival time in hypoxic mice. PMID- 7122492 TI - Isolation and purification of antibodies to rattlesnake venom by affinity chromatography. PMID- 7122494 TI - Dye ligand chromatography: a method for the simple separation of some enzymes of snake venom. PMID- 7122497 TI - A radioreceptor assay for estimation of acetylcholine. PMID- 7122498 TI - Increased hepatic phospholipid methylation in mice chronically treated with ethanol. PMID- 7122501 TI - Comparison of lidocaine and verapamil on vascular smooth muscle. PMID- 7122499 TI - Action of various pharmacological agents on basilar and middle cerebral arteries. PMID- 7122500 TI - Decreased taurine transport in epileptic rats. PMID- 7122502 TI - Cardiac actions of parathyroid hormone. PMID- 7122503 TI - Cardiovascular responses to human PTH-(1-34) in the dog. PMID- 7122505 TI - Effects of nitroprusside and D600 on norepinephrine and KCl activating systems in canine renal vein. PMID- 7122504 TI - Reserpine treatment affects guinea pig heart SR calcium uptake. PMID- 7122506 TI - Cyanide blood levels following nitroprusside infusion for hypotensive anesthesia. PMID- 7122507 TI - Vascular binding sites for urotensin I (a fish urophysial neuropeptide) in the rat. PMID- 7122508 TI - Electrophysiologic effects of low dose intravenous sulfinpyrazone in man. PMID- 7122510 TI - Investigations of the preferential reduction in drinking behavior of opiate antagonists. PMID- 7122511 TI - Intercorrelations between levorphanol induced antinociception, hypothermia, activity and constipation in a genetically heterogeneous mouse population, and the results of selective breeding for antinociception. PMID- 7122512 TI - Continuous low level d-amphetamine administration: effects on ethanol preference and on responses to low doses of ethanol. PMID- 7122513 TI - Inhibition of gastric and intestinal motility by centrally and peripherally administered morphine. PMID- 7122509 TI - Thermoregulatory, behavioral and EEG effects of arginine vasopressin in the Mongolian gerbil. PMID- 7122515 TI - Amphetamine facilitates recovery of operant response rates following motor cortex ablation in rats. PMID- 7122514 TI - Effects of morphine tolerance and acetylcholine induced hypothermia in young, mature and senescent rats. PMID- 7122516 TI - Wet-dog shakes and face washing follow electroconvulsive shock at certain stimulus intensities and ages in preweaning rats. PMID- 7122517 TI - The localization of 45Ca in freeze dried smooth muscle of the rabbit. PMID- 7122519 TI - Augmentation of chloral hydrate induced sleep by centrally acting antihypertensive agents. PMID- 7122518 TI - A comparison of soluble and membrane bound forms of choline-O-acetyltransferase in mouse brain nerve endings. PMID- 7122520 TI - Thrombolytic agents in snake venoms. PMID- 7122521 TI - Species variation in percutaneous absorption of sulconazole nitrate, a new anti fungal agent. PMID- 7122523 TI - Long lasting changes in spontaneous and d-amphetamine elicited locomotor activity after chronic but not acute picrotoxin treatment. PMID- 7122524 TI - The excretion of caffeine in the semen of men: comparison of the concentration in blood and semen. PMID- 7122522 TI - The effects of cyclobenzaprine on locus coeruleus cells in vitro. PMID- 7122525 TI - Assessment of testicular toxicity associated with anticancer agents II. Sperm counts and serial mating. PMID- 7122526 TI - C3H/HeJ spontaneous mouse mammary tumor implant growth: reduced growth related to use of warfarin sodium. PMID- 7122527 TI - Presynaptic dopamine receptor stimulation and the antihypertensive action of pergolide in experimental neurogenic hypertension. PMID- 7122528 TI - Effects of crotalid venoms on human cell tissue cultures. PMID- 7122529 TI - Biodistribution of radiolabeled antibodies and their fragments: an immunopharmacologic approach to in vivo tumor imaging. PMID- 7122530 TI - Effects of high and low dose warfarin sodium on C3H/HeJ mouse mammary tumor growth and related factors. PMID- 7122531 TI - Does the post-anesthetic anticholinergic syndrome exist? PMID- 7122532 TI - Effects of acute and chronic administration of phenelzine on 2-phenylethylamine levels in rat brain. PMID- 7122533 TI - Pregnane steroid anesthetics exhibit selective action on the firing activity of an isolated neuron. PMID- 7122534 TI - The effects of temperature on neuronal excitability. PMID- 7122535 TI - The efficacy of lidocaine in ventricular fibrillation due to coronary artery ligation: endotracheal vs intravenous use. PMID- 7122537 TI - Amygdaloid kindling progressively increases posttetanic potentiation and long term potentiation of responses evoked in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus. PMID- 7122536 TI - Bromocriptine increases 3H-estradiol uptake in brain and pituitary of female, but not of male, gonadectomized adrenalectomized rats. PMID- 7122538 TI - Effects of trimethyl tin on potentials evoked in the limbic system of the rat. PMID- 7122539 TI - Prevention by propranolol of ouabain cardiotoxicity: physiological, biochemical and ultrastructural correlations. PMID- 7122540 TI - Depression of atrium function by narcotics. PMID- 7122542 TI - Implications from electrophysiological differences resulting from small structural changes in antiarrhythmic drugs. PMID- 7122543 TI - Radioimmunoassay of vasopressin: development and application to the measurement of intra- and extra-hypothalamic vasopressin levels in the rat. PMID- 7122544 TI - Regional distribution of digoxin in the human brain: implications for neurotoxicity. PMID- 7122541 TI - Effects of verapamil on excitable membranes. PMID- 7122545 TI - Autoradiographic localization of 5-HT1 receptor subtypes in rat brain. PMID- 7122548 TI - Physiology and biology of horseshoe crabs. Studies on normal and environmentally stressed animals. PMID- 7122547 TI - Regulation of the IgE antibody response. PMID- 7122546 TI - Taurine binding to hypothalamic membranes. PMID- 7122549 TI - Temperature and salinity effects on developmental and early posthatch stages of limulus. PMID- 7122550 TI - Anaerobiosis in Limulus. PMID- 7122551 TI - Circulatory physiology of Limulus. PMID- 7122553 TI - The subunit structure of Limulus hemocyanin. PMID- 7122552 TI - The relationship between the capacity for oxygen transport, size, shape, and aggregation state of an extracellular oxygen carrier. PMID- 7122554 TI - Electron microscopy of Limulus hemocyanin. PMID- 7122555 TI - Limulus lectins: analogues of vertebrate immunoglobulins. PMID- 7122556 TI - Pathology principles revealed by study of natural diseases of invertebrates. PMID- 7122557 TI - Man's influence as an environmental threat to Limulus. PMID- 7122558 TI - Today Limulus, tomorrow the world: the roles and responsibilities of practicing biologists in contemporary American society. PMID- 7122559 TI - Horseshoe crab developmental studies I. Normal embryonic development of Limulus polyphemus compared with Tachypleus tridentatus. PMID- 7122562 TI - Embryonic development. Part B Cellular aspects. PMID- 7122561 TI - A review of the molting physiology of the trilobite larva of Limulus. PMID- 7122560 TI - Horseshoe crab developmental studies II. Physiological adaptation of horseshoe crab embryos to the environment during embryonic development. PMID- 7122564 TI - Human lymphocyte membrane proteins in activation by phytohemagglutinin. PMID- 7122563 TI - Susceptibility to merocyanine 540-mediated photosensitization as a differentiation marker in murine hematopoietic stem cells. PMID- 7122565 TI - Basement membrane glycoproteins in the extracellular matrix of a teratocarcinoma derived differentiated cell line. AB - Glycoproteins synthesized and deposited into extracellular matrix in cultures of a mouse teratocarcinoma-derived differentiated cell line (PYS-2) were studied by metabolic labeling and immunochemical methods, and by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. PYS-2 cells synthesized two major high-molecular weight glycoproteins, laminin and type IV collagen, which were deposited in matrix form with no apparent processing. The lamellar subcellular matrix was composed of a loose network of fine fibrils and dense grains. Straight 60-80 nm fibrils attached the matrix to the plasma membranes and were decorated with ferritin coupled antibodies for laminin. The cells did not synthesize fibronectin, but the matrix bound fibronectin from the culture medium. The PSY-2 matrix provides possibilities for in vitro studies on basal lamina components in early differentiation. PMID- 7122567 TI - The molecular basis of species specific cell-cell recognition in marine sponges, and a study on organogenesis during metamorphosis. PMID- 7122569 TI - The cephalopod egg, a suitable material for cell and tissue interaction studies. PMID- 7122566 TI - Adhesion of dictyostelium discoideum cells to sugar derivatized polyacrylamide gels. PMID- 7122568 TI - Cell-cell interactions and the role of micromeres in the control of the mitotic pattern in sea urchin embryos. PMID- 7122570 TI - Epithelial-derived basal lamina regulation of mesenchymal cell differentiation. AB - The mechanisms by which epithelial-mesenchymal interactions result in differentiation are not known. A number of recombinations between vertebrate tissues associated with epidermal organs (e.g. skin, feather, mammary gland, salivary gland, tooth organ) indicate that regional mesenchymal specificity is instructive for determination and differentiation of epithelial phenotypes. In epidermal organs within which mesenchyme becomes determined and differentiates into a unique phenotype, such as during tooth organogenesis and odontoblast differentiation. Does the epithelial-derived basal lamina regulate mesenchymal differentiation into odontoblasts and the expression of dentine extracellular matrix? Experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that murine or avian epithelial-derived basal lamina possess information which is instructive for determined dental mesenchyme to differentiate into odontoblasts. The strategy was to examine homologous and heterologous tissue recombinants between Theiler stage 25 C57BL/6 molar tooth organs and Hamburger-Hamilton equivalent stage 22-26 Japanese Pharoah quail mandibular processes. Trypsin-dissociated molar epithelium and mesenchyme, reconstituted, secreted a basal lamina within 8 hours and mesenchyme differentiated into odontoblasts and formed dentine matrix within 3 days. Isolated trypsin-dissociated mesenchyme did not differentiate in vitro, whereas heterologous recombinants between odontogenic mesenchyma and quail epithelia resulted in odontoblasts and dentine production. Mouse tooth or quail mandibular epithelia served to regulate odontogenic mesenchyme differentiation. EDTA-dissociated mouse molar mesenchyme, in the absence of epithelium but with adherent basal lamina, routinely differentiated into odontoblasts. Control tooth organs routinely formed both dentine and enamel extracellular matrices within 7 10 days in our serumless, chemically-defined organ culture system. Regulation of determined mesenchymal cells to differentiate into functional and highly specialized odontoblasts appears to be mediated by epithelial-derived basal lamina and is not species or organ-specific. PMID- 7122572 TI - Some effects of heat shock on the regulation of macromolecular syntheses in sea urchin embryos. PMID- 7122571 TI - Acid phosphatase of schizosaccharomyces pombe is involved in morphogenetic and behavioural differentiation. PMID- 7122573 TI - Developmental history of the two M-line proteins MM-creatine kinase and myomesin during myogenesis. PMID- 7122575 TI - In situ recording of the mechanical behaviour of cells in the chick embryo. AB - The changes of viscosity in different regions of the intact living early chick embryo were recorded by a new sensitive and non-invasive technique. In the heart, the very first yet invisible mechanical activity has been clearly detected and its further differentiation followed. In other regions, especially in the Hensen's node, spontaneous slow and oscillating mechanical activity has been observed. It has been shown that the undifferentiated embryonic tissue can as well respond to electrical, mechanical or chemical stimulations. The recorded changes have been interpreted as manifestations of the cell mechanical work i.e. active tension, cell shaping or movement. The technique represents a new tool for physiological and pharmacological studies of the undifferentiated embryonic cells and the early morphogenetic phenomena. PMID- 7122574 TI - Early alteration induced by tumor promoters on chick embryo muscle cells in culture. AB - When differentiated, multinucleated cultured myotubes are treated with PMA (Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate), they display drastic morphological alterations and undergo inhibition of the expression of differentiative traits, without being induced to reenter the cell cycle. Differentiated myotubes, obtained after cytochalasin B treatment of primary chick embryo myoblast cultures, were treated with 1.6 x 10(7) M PMA for different times, labelled with 35S-methionine and different fractions of cell extracts were analysed by SDS-PAGE followed by fluorography. The data presented here indicate that PMA treatment induces in myotubes increased synthesis of a 31.000 Mr polypeptide (31 K) within 4 hr of treatment, while the inhibition of the synthesis of contractile proteins, such as myosin and actin, occurs only after 8 hr of treatment. Morphological alterations of myotubes require longer incubation with PMA (15-20 hr). The reported effects of PMA are not induced by non tumor promotor analogs of the drug, and pulse chase experiments indicate that 31 K stimulation is not the result of increased protein degradation induced by PMA. In addition the stimulation of 31K does not occur in cultured fibroblast indicating that this is a specific early response of differentiated myogenic cells preceeding the dedifferentiative effect of this tumor promotor. PMID- 7122576 TI - Clonal analysis of the quail neural crest: pluripotency, autonomous differentiation, and modulation of differentiation by exogenous factors. PMID- 7122578 TI - Studies on plant cell lines showing temperature-sensitive embryogenesis. PMID- 7122577 TI - Mechanism of avian crest cell migration and homing. PMID- 7122579 TI - Globulins of developing maize seeds: preliminary characterization. PMID- 7122580 TI - Tumor reversal in plants. PMID- 7122581 TI - The blastocyst in control of embryonal carcinoma. PMID- 7122582 TI - The fine structure of human blastocysts developed in culture. PMID- 7122583 TI - Endotoxins and their detection with the Limulus amebocyte lysate test. Proceedings of an International Conference on Endotoxin Standards and Limulus Amebocyte Lysate Use with Parenteral Drugs, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, September 1981. PMID- 7122584 TI - Rules and regulations regarding serendipity. PMID- 7122585 TI - A method for determining pyrogen burden on packaging components. PMID- 7122588 TI - International acceptance of reference endotoxins. PMID- 7122586 TI - Characterization of the USP reference standard endotoxin. PMID- 7122587 TI - Review of the Bureau of Biologic's experience with Limulus amebocyte lysate and endotoxin. PMID- 7122589 TI - Automated methodology for the Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay using the multiskan microplate reader. PMID- 7122590 TI - Quantitative techniques for the LAL test. PMID- 7122591 TI - LAL-reactive material associated with hemodialysis membranes. PMID- 7122592 TI - A corporate approach to in-process and end-product testing with the LAL assay for endotoxin. PMID- 7122593 TI - FDA guideline for validation of the LAL test as an end-product endotoxin test for human and biological drugs. PMID- 7122596 TI - Pyrogen removal by ultrafiltration. PMID- 7122595 TI - Application of the Limulus amebocyte lysate assay in outbreaks of pyrogenic reactions associated with parenteral fluids and medical devices. PMID- 7122594 TI - Leucocyte activation of the Limulus amebocyte lysate. PMID- 7122597 TI - The USP bacterial endotoxins test. PMID- 7122598 TI - Experiences with comparative examinations for pyrogens by rabbit pyrogen test versus the LAL test. PMID- 7122599 TI - The activity of various endotoxins in the USP rabbit test and in three different LAL tests. PMID- 7122600 TI - The significance of the penetration of endotoxin from the intestinal tract. PMID- 7122601 TI - Detection of endotoxin in blood and other specimens by evaluation of photometrically registered LAL-reaction-kinetics in microtiter plates. PMID- 7122602 TI - Characterization of PEG precipitated antibodies in patients with liver cirrhosis and septicemia. PMID- 7122603 TI - Airborne endotoxins in various occupational environments. PMID- 7122604 TI - Statistical procedure for standardizing control standard endotoxin against U.S. reference standard endotoxin using Limulus amebocyte lysate test. PMID- 7122605 TI - Formulae for maximum valid dilution. AB - The preparation of test specimens using the MVD calculation represents a reasonable approach to equating the sensitivity of the in vitro and in vivo tests for endotoxin. Labeling of LAL reagents and control standard endotoxins are a point of confusion for the parenterals industry. Government and reagent suppliers must work together expeditiously to provide test materials that are explicitly labeled as to reactivity in EU/ml and ng/ml. The relatively greater reactivity of LAL reagent to environmental endotoxin than the rabbit bioassay provides a greater margin of safety for the in vitro approach than previously anticipated, and suggests that rabbit retest of LAL failures may be appropriate for specific products. PMID- 7122606 TI - Relative potency of "environmental" endotoxin as measured by the Limulus amebocyte lysate test and the USP rabbit pyrogen test. PMID- 7122608 TI - Procedures for improving detection of endotoxin in products found incompatible for direct analysis with Limulus amebocyte lysate. PMID- 7122610 TI - Introductory remarks: Symposium on animal models of inherited metabolic diseases. PMID- 7122611 TI - Animal models of inherited metabolic diseases. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Animal Models of Inherited Metabolic Disease. Bethesda, Maryland. October 19-20, 1981. PMID- 7122607 TI - The Limulus test and bacterial endotoxins: some perspectives. PMID- 7122609 TI - The use of LAL as an alternative to the CFR rabbit pyrogen test for disodium ticarcillin. PMID- 7122612 TI - Mouse models of human thalassemia. PMID- 7122613 TI - Mouse hemoglobinopathies: detection and characterization of thalassemias and globin-structure mutations. PMID- 7122614 TI - Two model lysosomal storage diseases. PMID- 7122615 TI - Caprine beta-mannosidosis. PMID- 7122616 TI - Liver neuraminidase deficiency inherited as a single gene on mouse chromosome 17. PMID- 7122617 TI - Brachymorphic (bmm/bmm) cartilage matrix deficiency (cmd/cmd) and disproportionate micromelia (Dmm/Dmm); three inborn errors of cartilage biosynthesis in mice. PMID- 7122618 TI - Repeated epilation (ER): a semidominant autosomal gene reducing synthesis of skin filaggrin in mice. PMID- 7122619 TI - Fragilitas ossium (fro): an autosomal recessive mutation in the mouse. PMID- 7122620 TI - Characterization of a murine model (beige) for a natural killer cell immunodeficiency in the Chediak-Higashi syndrome of man. PMID- 7122621 TI - Histocompatibility, disease and aging. PMID- 7122622 TI - Models of androgen insensitivity in the study of androgen action. PMID- 7122623 TI - Animal models of human erythrocyte metabolism. PMID- 7122625 TI - Choosing animal models of human inborn errors of metabolism. PMID- 7122624 TI - Renal tubular defects of spontaneous Fanconi syndrome in dogs. PMID- 7122626 TI - Masking of mutant metabolic phenotypes by prenatal maternal influences. PMID- 7122627 TI - Compendium of inherited metabolic diseases in animals. PMID- 7122628 TI - Animal models of inherited metabolic disease--an overview. PMID- 7122629 TI - Screening for inborn errors of metabolism in dogs and cats. PMID- 7122630 TI - Bone involvement in Gaucher disease. PMID- 7122631 TI - Gaucher disease: hepatic abnormalities in 25 patients. AB - Twenty-five patients with enzymatically confirmed Gaucher disease were selected for study of hepatic complications of the disorder. Hepatomegaly was noted clinically and confirmed by radioisotopic scan in all but 1 patient. The majority had abnormalities of serum transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and sulfobromophthalein (BSP) clearance. Three patients had evidence of portal hypertension. Light microscopic examination of liver showed some variation in the pattern of the disease. Gaucher cells were present in all specimens. In 5 patients the distribution was in scattered foci throughout the liver lobule. In 14 patients there was prominent centrilobular accumulation of Gaucher cells. Extensive replacement of liver by storage cells and cirrhosis was documented in 3 patients. No patient was found to have amyloid deposits. The severity of hepatic involvement correlated with the occurrence of other severe complications of the disorder. The wide range of liver abnormalities in Gaucher disease should be considered in evaluating patients for participation in experimental therapeutic trials. PMID- 7122632 TI - Oculomotor deficits in Gaucher disease. PMID- 7122634 TI - The pathology of Gaucher disease. AB - Several features of Gaucher disease have been described related to an experience gained from a study of 275 patients. These include splenic nodules, a nodular form of cirrhosis affecting the liver of patients who have severe disease as well as unsuspected involvement of the brain. The anatomic distribution of Gaucher cells in the brain may be an age related phenomenon. Various types of involvement of the lungs can produce severe cyanosis or cor pulmonale according to the anatomic distribution of the Gaucher cells. The belief that bone disease can be produced by prior splenectomy was dispelled by a study of 239 patients with type I and type III disease. The reasons for the association of malignant tumors with older patients who have type I disease is not understood but should encourage careful follow-up of these patients. As we enter the second century of our knowledge of this disease we should keep Dr. Gaucher's talent of making careful clinicopathological observations in mind as we search for clues to the better understanding of the various clinical forms of the disease. PMID- 7122633 TI - Pathology of the Gaucher cell. AB - The Gaucher cell results from the accumulation of excessive glucocerebroside in cells of the monocyte-macrophage system. It is characterized ultrastructurally by the presence of cytoplasmic inclusions which consist of tubule-like structures measuring 130 to 150 Ao in diameter. Utilizing freeze fracture and x-ray diffraction techniques these structures appear to be bilayers measuring 6 nm in thickness, 40 to 60 nm wide and up to 600 nm in length. The Gaucher cell contains isoenzyme 5 of acid phosphatase which is resistant to prior incubation in tartaric acid. The bone marrow smears from patients with Gaucher's disease contain monocytes and monocytoid cells which contain inclusions which are acid phosphatase positive and resemble the acid phosphatase positive inclusions in the Gaucher cells. Ultrastructural studies of monocytes from Gaucher patients demonstrated membrane-bound inclusions containing tubule-like structures identical to those in Gaucher cells. These monocytic cells appear to represent precursors of Gaucher cells. PMID- 7122635 TI - Glucosylceramide and related compounds in normal tissues and in Gaucher disease. PMID- 7122637 TI - Serum acid phosphatase in Gaucher disease before and after splenectomy. PMID- 7122636 TI - Role of serum lipoproteins in the pathogenesis of Gaucher disease. PMID- 7122638 TI - The enzymatic defect in Gaucher disease. PMID- 7122639 TI - Glucocerebroside-beta-glucosidase isozymes. PMID- 7122640 TI - The surgical management of Gaucher's disease. AB - The records of eleven patients who underwent splenectomy for Gaucher's disease at The Mount Sinai Hospital from 1967 to 1981 have been reviewed. The major indications for operation were hypersplenism, pain, and mechanical problems associated with a massively enlarged spleen. There were no operative mortalities and the hematologic picture returned to normal in all cases. Because of the danger of overwhelming sepsis following splenectomy, partial splenectomy should be considered as a therapeutic modality in these patients. PMID- 7122641 TI - Gaucher's disease: orthopaedic considerations. PMID- 7122643 TI - Prospects for enzyme replacement therapy in Gaucher disease. PMID- 7122642 TI - Erythrocytes as carriers for glucocerebrosidase. PMID- 7122644 TI - Gaucher disease: a century of delineation and research. Enzyme replacement therapy: model and clinical studies. AB - A number of investigators have attempted to treat Gaucher disease with exogenous glucocerebrosidase. Although at times encouraging biochemical changes and suggestive alterations in organomegaly have been reported, overall, the results of enzyme replacement therapy must be judged to be a failure. In order to understand this lack of success with a promising treatment modality, four aspects of enzyme replacement therapy require examination: 1. The purification of glucocerebrosidase to a form which can hydrolyze glucocerebroside under in vivo conditions; 2. The delivery of the enzyme to cells of the macrophage-monocyte system; 3. The intracellular fate of the administered enzyme; 4. The capacity of the enzyme to effectively contact intracellular glycolipid deposits. A model system for the study of the latter three of these aspects of enzyme replacement therapy has been developed. Monocytes from normal subjects and patients with Gaucher disease were maintained in tissue culture for several months using horse serum-containing culture media. When such cells were "fed" glucocerebrosidase, their enzyme deficiency was corrected for at least 72 hours. Cells from Gaucher disease patients do not spontaneously accumulate glucocerebroside in this system. When loaded with 14C-labeled glucocerebroside, they do not become Gaucher cells but rather manifest a remarkable capacity to catabolize glucocerebroside, so that the labeled fatty acid quickly appears in neutral fats and in phospholipids. Therefore, this model is not yet suitable for study of the effectiveness of enzyme therapy. PMID- 7122645 TI - South African variants of Gaucher disease. PMID- 7122646 TI - [High pressure liquid chromatography of paracetamol, acetylsalicylic acid and codeine phosphate]. PMID- 7122647 TI - [Sustained-release tablets: predominant mechanism of release of a tracer from matrices composed of total and partial glycerides]. PMID- 7122648 TI - Antimicrobial effect of isopropyl myristate when used as a solvent in sterility testing. PMID- 7122649 TI - Triamcinolone diacetate nanoparticles, a sustained release drug delivery system suitable for parenteral administration. PMID- 7122650 TI - Structure-reactivity relationships in the sweetening cyclamate series: different N-cyclohexyl sulfamic acid derivatives (esters and amides) as a probe for the conformational requirements of the target sweet-taste receptor. PMID- 7122651 TI - [Liposomes--a new slow-release dosage form. 2. Fate of liposomes in vivo; role in therapy]. PMID- 7122652 TI - [Safety and risks of hormonal contraceptives]. PMID- 7122653 TI - [Liposomes--a new slow-release dosage form. I. Phospholipids; production and characterization of liposomes]. PMID- 7122654 TI - Evidence that agents increasing water consumption do not necessarily generate "false positives" in conflict procedures using water as a reinforcer. AB - Isoproterenol 7.5 and 15 microgram/kg prolonged the time spent in drinking of water-deprived rats whereas 30 microgram had no significant effect. No dose of isoproterenol affected punished responses in a conflict procedure which uses water as reinforcer. Punished responses were increased by 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg of diazepam but only the first two doses of diazepam increased drinking in normal deprived rats. The data show that the effects on punished responses and drinking can be dissociated and suggest that procedures using conditioned punishing of consummatory responses may be more appropriate than those using naive animals for revealing "true" antipunishment activity. PMID- 7122655 TI - Apomorphine and glycoprotein synthesis during consolidation. AB - The dopamine agonist, apomorphine, was injected intrahippocampally immediately after acquisition of a brightness discrimination task, which was motivated by footshock in rats. This led to an increase in the incorporation of L-fucose into total proteins which were measured in the hippocampus 7-9 hours later. In behavioral experiments, the same application improved the retention of a learned task. A possible linkage between increased glycoprotein synthesis and improvement of the retention of a new learned behavior due to the action of apomorphine is discussed. PMID- 7122656 TI - Oral ethanol intake nad levels of blood alcohol in the squirrel monkey. AB - Oral alcohol ingestion and blood alcohol levels were examined in adult female squirrel monkeys to assess the feasibility of using this primate as a model for fetal alcohol effects. In one experiment, alcohol intake was evaluated in nonpregnant animals under conditions in which the concentration of ethanol, length of ethanol exposure, and degree of liquid deprivation were varied. In another experiment blood alcohol levels were measured in pregnant animals of two subtypes that had been drinking ethanol. In a third experiment, time-dependent blood alcohol levels and behavior were evaluated in nonpregnant monkeys following intubation of specific doses of ethanol. Results showed that nonpregnant monkeys drank ethanol at concentrations of 5 to 10%, and that the amount of ethanol consumed was related to the concentration and length of time ethanol was available. When given access to a 5% ethanol solution, pregnant animals drank quantities that varied between individuals and subtypes, with maximum blood levels, measured up to 6 hr after presentation, ranging from 1 to 196 mg%. Intubation of ethanol resulted in blood alcohol levels and incoordination scores that were linearly related to dose, with maximum effects occurring 1 hr after administration. Elimination of ethanol from the blood at levels above 50 mg% occurred at a rate of about 35 mg%/hr, while the rate of clearance from the body was calculated to be approximately 250 mg/kg/hr. PMID- 7122657 TI - Enhancement of avoidance-suppressing effect after repeated administration of haloperidol and serum haloperidol in rats. AB - Adult male rats of the Wistar strain, which were trained under a discriminated lever-press avoidance schedule (intertrial interval; 25 sec. presentation of conditioned stimuli; 5 sec), were given SC 0.025-0.05 mg/kg of haloperidol at fixed intervals of 1, 3-4 and 7 days. The avoidance-suppressing effect of haloperidol was enhanced in parallel to the number of drug administrations until it attained a maximum level. The intensity of the maximum effect tended to be stronger, and the number of administrations necessary to attain it was smaller, when a higher dose was given. When the administration interval exceeded one day, the enhanced effect remained irreversible one month after withdrawal of drug administration. The enhancement of the effect was produced after repeated administrations in an experimental chamber, but not in a home cage. Temporal changes in serum haloperidol concentration were determined 30-90 min after 0.035 mg/kg given SC to the haloperidol-pretreated and saline-pretreated groups. No significant difference in the pharmacokinetic change was detected between the two groups. These results suggest that learning during the drug effect under repeated exposure to a fixed experimental situation influences the enhancing effect. PMID- 7122658 TI - Chronic exposure to caffeine during early development modifies spatial behavior in juvenile jewel fish schools. AB - Thirty sibling African jewel fish (Hemichromis bimaculatus) were either chronically exposed to caffeine between 50 to 100 days of age (at a concentration of 14 mg/l) or reared without drug in a control environment. After caffeine was withdrawn, fish in each group were videotaped for 30 minutes while schooling in a large tank. From the video record, mean distances and coefficients of variation of spacing were computed for each fish and its 1st to 9th nearest neighbors in all observations. Spacing distances were nearly identical for the two groups, but the caffeine fish exhibited much more variability in their spacing behavior (p less than 0.00001). This study demonstrates an effect on behavior of moderate caffeine levels present throughout the early developmental period, and illustrates a quantitative method to test for such effects. PMID- 7122659 TI - Alcohol-chlordiazepoxide interaction. AB - The effects of chlordiazepoxide (CDP) or its N-demethyl metabolite (NDCDP) on ethanol-induced sleep time were investigated. The results indicate that CDP or NDCDP produced a supra-additive effect on the duration of sleep time induced by ethanol. These effects were not due to an alteration in the rate of elimination of blood ethanol levels. Mice which were administered CDP/ethanol had significantly higher blood and brain CDP levels than mice injected with CDP alone. The increase in CDP concentrations could be partly responsible for the supra-additive prolongation of ethanol sleep time. Our results also indicate that NDCDP and/or its metabolites were largely responsible for the supra-additive effect, because mice injected with CDP/ethanol or NDCDP/ethanol (ethanol 4 g/kg: CDP or NDCDP, 10 mg/kg) showed comparable increases in sleep time, and the blood and brain levels of NDCDP were comparable in these two groups. PMID- 7122660 TI - The interaction between beta-[Tyr9]melanotropin-(9-18), haloperidol and amphetamine in different behavior tests of rats. AB - The effects of beta-[Tyr9]melanotropin-(9-18) on the extinction of the active avoidance reflex in (dopamine receptor blocker) haloperidol-treated animals, and on the open-field activity in haloperidol and amphetamine-treated rats were studied. It was shown that a systemically given 100 microgram dose of the peptide, which had no action on the ambulation and rearing activity in the open field test, could still delay the extinction of the active avoidance reflex. Haloperidol treatment was able to partially block the effects of the ICV administered beta-[Tyr9]melanotropin-(9-18) on both the extinction and open-field activity. After intracerebroventricular administration, the effect of the peptide on the open-field test was partially similar to that of amphetamine: it facilitated the ambulation and rearing activity, and (in contrast with amphetamine) was able to facilitate the grooming activity, even in the presence of amphetamine. The results suggest that dopaminergic innervation might play a mediating role in the effect of beta-[Tyr9]melanotropin-(9-18) on the extinction of the active avoidance reflex and open-field activity. The effect on the open field activity differens in part from that of amphetamine. PMID- 7122661 TI - Differential control of puff duration and interpuff interval in cigarette smokers. AB - While subjects smoked cigarettes under naturalistic conditions, the duration of each puff progressively decreased as the cigarette was consumed, while the time between successive puffs progressively increased. Evidence obtained using modified half-length cigarettes indicates that puff duration, but not interpuff interval, is controlled by the distance from the burning tip (combustion zone) of the cigarette to the smoker's mouth. The results demonstrate that these two fundamental descriptors of cigarette smoking behavior are under differential control, and provide new insights into the pharmacological and behavioral variables that control cigarette smoking. PMID- 7122662 TI - Diazepam and learning: assessment of acquisition deficits. AB - Subjects treated with diazepam (0.3 mg/kg) showed significant reductions in performance on multiple-trial free recall, paired-associate learning, and serial learning tasks compared to placebo control subjects. The free recall task showed the largest drug effect with diazepam subjects failing in six acquisition trials to attain the level of performance achieved by placebo subjects on the first trial. Serial position curves in the serial learning task were changed by the diazepam treatment from their usual skewed form to symmetrical functions. Results indicate that diazepam exerts its greatest memory influence on the acquisition of new information. PMID- 7122663 TI - Postmortem plasma luteinizing hormone levels and antemortem violence. AB - Luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were determined in postmortem blood samples obtained from twenty-eight men who sustained sudden traumatic deaths. Violent antemortem behavior (committing suicide by gunshot or hanging, or killed during a violent attack or physical struggle) was associated with significantly higher LH levels than nonviolent antemortem behavior (pedestrians struck by vehicles, crime victims, and those shot during verbal arguments). Within both the violent and nonviolent groups, LH levels were higher in men with detectable alcohol in blood than in men with no alcohol in blood but these differences were not statistically significant. In the nonviolent group, men without alcohol in blood had LH levels within the normal range for healthy adult males. The stability of LH was established in serial studies of normal human male blood specimens over a range of temperatures and time durations comparable to conditions in postmortem blood sampling procedures. These findings suggest that postmortem LH levels in males may be a biological indicator of violent behavior immediately preceding death. PMID- 7122664 TI - Pulmonary vagal afferent stimulants in the conscious rat: opioids and phenyldiguanide. AB - Phenyldiguanide (PDG, 40 microgram/kg), D-ala2-met5-enkephalinamide (D-AME, 250 microgram/kg) and morphine sulfate (MS, 2 mg/kg) injected into the right atrium (RA) of conscious freely moving rats produced a profound bradycardia and hypotension 1-2 sec subsequent to administration. Concomitant with the cardiovascular effects apnea occurred and lasted approximately 5 sec. Atropine methyl nitrate (2 mg/kg, RA) significantly attenuated the bradycardia and hypotension produced by all three agents. Naloxone blocked only the opioid responses. Coordinated motor activity was impaired following the administration of PDG (40 microgram/kg, RA). Fifty percent of the animals receiving PDG failed to remain on a rotor rod for a 2 min period. Only 8 percent of the saline treated group fell off during this period. It was concluded that the cardiovascular, respiratory, and motor effects caused by PDG, in the conscious freely moving rat, were the result of stimulation of pulmonary vagal afferents (J-receptors). The cardiovascular effects of opioids are also believed to arise from the stimulation of J-receptors. However, unlike PDG, these effects are mediated by pulmonary opiate receptors. PMID- 7122665 TI - Effects of fluphenazine decanoate (a long-acting phenothiazine) on serum prolactin and amphetamine-induced behavioural changes. AB - A single injection of fluphenazine decanoate (FD) antagonized effects of acute d amphetamine (2.5 mg/kg) for a variable period of time (4 to 28 days), depending upon the dosage of the neuroleptic used (2.5 or 5.0 mg/kg) and the behavioural parameter(s) monitored. Locomotion and rearing were antagonized for a longer duration than was sniffing. Normal locomotor response to amphetamine was attained 12 and 28 days following the administration of 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg FD, respectively. However, the 2.5 mg/kg FD group displayed significantly more locomotor activity on days 20 and 24 post-treatment. A similar supersensitive response was not demonstrable with the higher dose of FD (5.0 mg/kg), or with the other behavioural measures. The prompt and pronounced elevation of serum prolactin returned to within the normal range by days 4 and 14, following administration of 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg FD, respectively. These results indicate that the behavioural paradigm is more sensitive in monitoring the effects of FD and could serve as a useful model in investigating the dose- and time-related effects of other long-acting neuroleptics. PMID- 7122666 TI - Failure of amphetamine isomers to decrease hyperactivity in developing rats. AB - Possible amphetamine-induced changes in locomotor activity were investigated in developing rats administered intracisternal injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6 OHDA) or its vehicle at 5 days of age. Administration of the dopamine neurotoxin resulted in a significant depletion of whole-brain dopamine to 44% of control levels, whereas norepinephrine levels were not significantly reduced. In normal and 6-OHDA-treated pups activity increased from moderately low levels at 15 days of age to moderately high levels at 25 days of age. However, 6-OHDA-treated rats were hyperactive at 20 days of age. At 25 days, activity in both groups was equal and declined to levels typical for adults. Administration of graded doses of d- and l-amphetamine generally increased activity in both groups of rats, with d amphetamine being more potent than l-amphetamine. Furthermore, no dose of either amphetamine isomer decreased activity in 6-OHDA-treated, hyperactive rats. Hence, no convincing evidence was found for a "paradoxical calming" effect of amphetamine in hyperactive rats, supporting other recent reports. These results suggest that the neonatal DA-depleted rat does not provide an accurate model system for pre-clinical investigation of the human hyperkinetic syndrome. PMID- 7122667 TI - Phencyclidine: behavioral and biochemical evidence against the anticholinergic hypothesis. AB - Phencyclidine (PCP) is known to have anticholinergic effects in various in vitro test systems and to inhibit the binding of muscarinic antagonists to rat brain membranes. In order to verify the anticholinergic properties of PCP, its interaction with oxotremorine (OXO), a muscarinic agonist, was studied in mice. OXO (1 mg/kg) in combination with PCP (10 mg/kg) was lethal in 100% of the mice studied. The lethality of this combination was completely reversed by 3.3 mg/kg methyl atropine bromide (MA), a quarternary muscarinic antagonist. Therefore, PCP appears to act as a muscarinic agonist in some peripheral systems. The central interactions between PCP and OXO were studied in mice in which the preipheral effects of OXO were blocked by MA. In a test of motor performance, OXO potentiated the effect of PCP at one dose only. Contrary to the effects of PCP in other behavioral measures, no evidence for an anticholinergic effect of PCP was observed. The in vivo anticholinergic potential of PCP was estimated by adding a brain extract from PCP-treated mice to brain muscarinic receptors in the presence of 3H-quinuclidinyl benzilate. These data suggested that PCP, after in vivo administration, does not attain a sufficient brain concentration to directly affect central muscarinic receptors. However, a direct action of PCP on peripheral muscarinic receptors was not discounted. PMID- 7122668 TI - Effects of apomorphine and diazepam on a quickly learned conditioned suppression in rats. AB - Electric shock experienced rats exhibited a marked suppression of motor activity when placed in the same environment in which the animal received shocks. At 24 hr after electrical shocks, the shock frequencies of 1/10 Hz to 1/180 Hz equally produced a marked suppression of motility. However, electric shock experienced rats exhibited a similar degree of locomotor activity that was seen with the non shocked rats, when the motility of the animals was measured by using Animex system at 24 hr after electrical shocks. Therefore, this suppression of motility was found to be a consistent response and to be a conditioned response to the environment. Diazepam (1.2.5 or 5 mg/kg, IP) did not show any effect on the conditioned suppression. Apomorphine-HCl (0.1, 0.5 or 1 mg/kg, IP) caused attenuation of the conditioned suppression in relation to dose, but did not increase motor activity of the non-shocked rats. Thus, conditioned suppression caused by a quick conditioning technique may not be associated with anxiety. PMID- 7122669 TI - Aqueous extract of valerian root (Valeriana officinalis L.) improves sleep quality in man. AB - The effect of an aqueous extract of valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) root on subjectively rated sleep measures was studied on 128 people. Each person received 9 samples to test (3 containing placebo, 3 containing 400 mg valerian extract and 3 containing a proprietary over-the-counter valerian preparation). The samples, identified only by a code number, and presented in random order, were taken on non-consecutive nights. Valerian produced a significant decrease in subjectively evaluated sleep latency scores and a significant improvement in sleep quality: the latter was most notable among people who considered themselves poor or irregular sleepers, smokers, and people who thought they normally had long sleep latencies. Night awakenings, dream recall and somnolence the next morning were relatively unaffected by valerian. With the proprietary valerian-containing preparation, the only change was a significant increase in reports of feeling more sleepy than normal the next morning. Thus the questionnaire, simple to use and non-invasive, provides a sensitive means for detecting the effects of mild sedatives on different aspects of sleep in man. It also allows identification within the test population of the subgroups most affected. PMID- 7122670 TI - Cellular dehydration and hypovolemia: effect of acetylsalicylic acid on drinking. AB - Chronic oral administration of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, reduces the latency with which rats begin drinking in response to hypovolemia but has no effect on the total amount of water consumed to this stimulus. When drinking is due to cellular dehydration, latency to drink is unaffected while total water intake is markedly augmented by ASA-pretreatment. Chronic, low-dose exposure to ASA or indomethacin has no effect on plasma levels of the dipsogen, angiotensin II. These data, taken in conjunction with previous work demonstrating a suppression of drinking following administration of exogenous prostaglandin E, support the contention that the E prostaglandins are involved in the physiological control of water intake, but suggest that the precise role of the prostaglandin in controlling consumption is dependent upon the stimulus eliciting the behavior. PMID- 7122671 TI - Effects of anticholinergic drugs on DRL performance of rhesus monkeys. AB - Four adult rhesus monkeys were trained to stable performance baselines on a differential reinforcement of low rates (DRL) 28 sec schedule for food pellet presentation. The effects of graded doses of atropine SO4, benactyzine HCl, and scopolamine HBr on performance were studied. All three anticholinergic compounds produced dose-related decreases in the number of food pellets earned. The number of responses was decreased only by the highest scopolamine dose. The unimodal peak of interresponse times (IRTs) was flattened under drug conditions such that there were roughly equal frequencies of responding in all IRT intervals. Drug potencies for producing these effects were: scopolamine greater than atropine greater than benactyzine. PMID- 7122672 TI - Seizure susceptibility of the pregnant mouse. AB - The effect of pregnancy on chemically-induced seizures in mice was studied. Latencies to myoclonic and clonic seizures induced by inhalation of flurothyl were significantly reduced at days 12 through 18 of gestation. Parturition resulted in a return of seizure susceptibility to control levels. The possibility that this effect might be mediated by decreased neurotransmitter levels subsequent to the decreased vitamin B6 levels which are known to occur during pregnancy was suggested. A pregnancy-associated liver cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase (pi-AlDH) utilized pyridoxal as a substrate, and the peak of pi AlDH activity was shown to coincide with the peak of seizure susceptibility. The activity of aldehyde oxidase, the major enzyme normally responsible for the metabolism of pyridoxal, was reduced in pregnant animals. The pyridoxal 5' phosphate synthesizing enzymes, pyridoxal kinase and pyridoxamine phosphate oxidase, were marginally increased in activity during pregnancy. It was suggested that the increased activity of pi-AlDH was indirectly responsible for the increased seizure susceptibility due to increased metabolism of pyridoxal. PMID- 7122673 TI - Effects of gamma-vinyl GABA on food intake of rats. AB - Gamma-vinyl GABA, an inhibitor of GABA-transaminase, produced a dose-related reduction of food intake in rats, after both single, (125-1000 mg/kg IP or 500 mg/kg PO) and repeated (250 mg/kg/day IP) administration. No tolerance was observed to the effect of repeated injections. Catecholamine and indoleamine systems in the CNS do not appear to be implicated in this anorexic effect. Combination of gamma-vinyl GABA with amphetamine (2.5 mg/kg) enhanced the anorexic effects of the latter compound whilst attenuating its stimulant effects. The data suggest an important role for GABA in the control of food intake. PMID- 7122675 TI - Effects of pantethine on different models of experimental hyperlipidemia in rodents: a comparison with clofibrate. PMID- 7122676 TI - Effect of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (amfenac sodium) on polymorphonuclear leukocytes. PMID- 7122674 TI - Lysophosphatidylserine, a short-lived intermediate with plasma membrane regulatory properties. PMID- 7122677 TI - The morphological effects of etidocaine HCl on the spinal cord of the sheep. PMID- 7122678 TI - A study on histamine tachyphylaxis on isolated chick oesophagus. PMID- 7122679 TI - Some new 2-aryloxymethyl-3-alpha-substituted carboxymethyl-6,8-substituted-4 quinazolones as possible anticonvulsants. AB - In view of their expected MAO inhibitory, CNS depressant and anticonvulsant properties, thirty new 2-aryloxymethyl-3-alpha-substituted carboxymethyl-6,8 substituted-4-quinazolones were synthesized by the reaction of substituted anthranil with various amino acids in pyridine. Some of these compounds at a concentration of 1 X 10(-3) mol/l inhibited rat brain monamine oxidase (MAO) in vitro and provided protection against pentylenetetrazole induced convulsions in mice. PMID- 7122680 TI - Synthesis of some new heterocyclic 1,3,4-oxadiazoles with antibacterial activity. AB - 2-N-Aryl/heterocyclic carboxamidomethylthio-5-p-chlorophenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles have been synthesized by the reaction of 1 and N-aryl/heterocyclic-2 chloracetamides in presence of basic medium. 2 and 3 react with heterocyclic thiols in ethanolic potassium hydroxide to give 3-S-substituted-mercaptomethyl-5 substituted-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-thione 5 and 6 respectively. Tert. amines react with 2 to yield the corresponding amino chlorides in good yield. Some of the prepared compounds were tested as antibacterials against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organism. PMID- 7122681 TI - Synthesis of substituted benzamides and benzimidazoles as anthelmintic and antimicrobial agents. AB - The synthesis and biological activity of a series of substituted benzamides (5-8, 14-17) 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acids (12, 13, 18) and benzimidazoles (9-11, 19-21) are described. Compounds 5, 6, 7, 12 and 14 showed 40-50% clearance of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in rats at a dose of 250 mg/kg given daily for 3 d while a few compounds inhibited the growth of various strains of bacteria and fungi. PMID- 7122682 TI - [Parameters of the liquid-liquid extraction of toxicologically relevant organic compounds. Part 1: Methodology of the experimental determination of partition constants and pH-dependent partition quotients; results obtained with acidic compounds]. AB - Though liquid-liquid extraction is most widely used technique for isolating organic compounds (drugs, poisons), its fundamental parameters (partition constants and dissociation constants) are not determined explicitly in most cases; they are mostly estimated indirectly together with other factors in the form of resultants (total yield, detection sensitivities). For this reason we determined the partition quotients and their pH-dependence for more than 300 slightly volatile organic compounds (mainly drugs) in two-phase systems (aqueous buffer solution/solvent non-miscible with water). Nearly all the determinations were performed using diethyl ether and chloroform; other organic solvents were applied especially in studying slightly extractable compounds. The results obtained with 63 acidic compounds are reported. PMID- 7122683 TI - [Studies on the effect of low concentrations of thiocyanate on the protein human serum albumin]. AB - By means of fluorescence and absorption measurements the authors studied the interaction of the protein human serum albumin with relatively low concentrations (up to 5 mmol/l at the most) of thiocyanate ions. Such concentrations lead to a slight quenching of the tryptophan fluorescence in human serum albumin. The effect of thiocyanate is not due to an overall action on the protein (as sometimes observed with higher thiocyanate concentrations), but to a local interaction of the fluorophore tryptophan with the neighbouring anion-binding site which is occupied by thiocyanate. PMID- 7122685 TI - [Animal experiments on the pharmacokinetics of N alpha-tosyl-(3 amidinophenyl)alanine piperidide (TAPAP), a new thrombin inhibitor]. AB - The pharmacokinetics of the synthetic thrombin inhibitor N alpha-tosyl-(3 amidinophenyl)alanine piperidide (TAPAP) was studied in rabbits using 3H-TAPAP. Concentrations in plasma, bile, urine and organs were determined by liquid scintillation counting. In plasma, moreover, the content of biologically active compound was measured by means of plasma thrombin-time determinations. After i.v. administration of doses of 1-10 mg TAPAP/kg a biphasic course of the plasma level resulted, the second phase of which has a half-time of about 5 h. This phase is considered to represent the elimination of a metabolite of TAPAP which no longer inhibits thrombin. The enteral absorption was incomplete after oral administration. Binding to plasma proteins amounted to about 50%. There was no preferential accumulation in organs or tissues. The bile contained relatively high levels of radioactivity in all routes of administration and doses studied. Elimination of TAPAP or of labelled metabolites is assumed to occur via this route. PMID- 7122684 TI - Preparation of ethyl cellulose microcapsules using the complex emulsion method. AB - In the present work, an investigation was designed to encapsulate a drug with ethyl cellulose using the complex emulsion method. The technique involved the dispersion of the drug in chloroformic solution of ethyl cellulose, followed by emulsification of the polymer solution in water using sodium lauryl sulfate. After continuous stirring for 5 h at room temperature, the solvent evaporates and a rigid polymer film was formed. The optimum surfactant concentration was determined and the effect of different polymer concentrations and core/coat ratios on the quality of the microcapsules produced was investigated. Drug dissolution was retarded as a result of microencapsulation and was controlled by changing core/coat ratios. The dissolution pattern was indicative of the suitability of this technique for the preparation of prolonged action medication. PMID- 7122686 TI - [On the biotransformation of xenobiotics by rat liver mitochondria]. AB - Rat liver mitochondria, isolated in succrose (0.25 mol/l), were frozen and stored for several weeks at -18 degrees C. Enzymic tests and electronmicroscopy were used to estimate freezing damage to mitochondria. The activities of the mitochondrial enzymes were altered significantly by freezing and thawing. The outer membrane enzyme activities were decreased by both, freezing and storing. On the contrary the activities of some inner membrane enzymes were initially increased by freezing (latency) and then decreased by storing. Storage of not frozen mitochondria suspensions lowered equally the activities of inner membrane enzymes and outer membrane enzymes. The decrease of the enzyme activities was connected to structural alterations, the mitochondrial membranes were damaged completely by freezing/thawing and storage. PMID- 7122687 TI - Inhibition of growth and biosynthesis of ochratoxin A in Aspergillus sulphureus NRRL 4077 by propolis extract. AB - Growth inhibition of Aspergillus sulphureus NRRL 4077 and biosynthesis of ochratoxin A in the presence of propolis was investigated. Although the growth of the micro-organism was inhibited at all concentrations of applied propolis extract up to d 10 of incubation, only the 2.0 mg/ml concentration of propolis exhibited definite fungistatic activity. Ochratoxin A was detected in all culture media, but its amounts were low in the first 10 d of experiment. In comparison with the control culture, the amounts of ochratoxin A were proportional to the growth of A. sulphureus and reciprocal to the amounts of propolis extract used. PMID- 7122688 TI - 7,8-dihydro-5H-isoindolo[1,2-b] [3]benzazepine-5-ones. Part 2: In vitro effect of derivatives substituted at position 7 on leukemia P 388 cells. AB - The in vitro cytotoxic effect on leukemia P 388 cells of new derivatives, 7,8 dihydro-5H-isoindolo[1,2-b] [3] benzazepine-5-ones substituted at position was evaluated. The most effective were the derivatives which were substituted at position 7 by the dimethylamino, hydroxy and/or ethoxy group. These substances selectively inhibited incorporation only of 14C-uridine into P 388 cells fractions. Substance 7 which was studied more intensively stopped the proliferation of P 388 cells in vitro, but caused only a slight killing effect. The maximum inhibitory effect of this substance on P 388 cells is related to the G1/S phase of the cell cycle. In in vitro test, the substance showed synergism with the cytostatics: cycloheximide, methotrexate and vermiculin, their phase of greatest lethal activity also being G1/S or early S. PMID- 7122689 TI - Effects of tertiary and quaternary derivatives of aminomethylenedioxyindenes on the mechanical and electrical activity of isolated guinea pig atria. AB - The 2-n-propyl- and 2-n-butyl-3-dimethylamino-5,6-methylenedioxyindenes (pr-MDI and bu-MDI, respectively) have been characterized as calcium antagonists with coronary dilating and antiarrhythmic properties. The quaternary 2-n-butyl-3 trimethylamino MDI (Q-bu-MDI) has been demonstrated to possess very potent antiarrhythmic activity in several model systems. In this investigation, the effects of pr-MDI, bu-MDI, and Q-bu-MDI on the mechanical and electrical behavior of isolated guinea pig atria were investigated. The tertiary pr- and bu-MDIs caused marked, concentration-dependent decreases in contractile force of stimulated left atria, while the Q-bu-MDI caused only a slight peak reduction in contractile force which was partially reversed at high concentrations. At a concentration of 3 x 10(-4) M, the pr- and bu-MDIs significantly depressed the frequency-force profile of stimulated left atria, and significantly decreased membrane excitability (as reflected by a significant increase in threshold voltage), while the Q-bu-MDI did not significantly alter either parameter. Spontaneous right atrial rate was only slightly depressed by the three MDI analogues at concentrations of 3 x 10(-5) M or less. At higher concentrations, the tertiary pr- and bu-MDIs were much more potent than the quaternary analogue in reducing atrial rate. The results indicate that Q-bu-MDI, the most potent antiarrhythmic analogue in the MDI series, exhibits significantly lesser deleterious effects on cardiac function than the tertiary MDIs. PMID- 7122690 TI - Evidence of nonlinear pharmacokinetics of methotrexate in the rat. AB - Three doses (0.31, 3.1 and 31 mg/kg) of methotrexate (MTX) were given intravenously to rats. The resulting concentration-time curves in plasma (normalized by dividing the plasma concentration by a multiple of the dose) were not superimposable, indicating nonlinear plasma pharmacokinetics. In liver, kidney, bone marrow and stomach a tissue-specific, very slowly (or not measurably) decreasing terminal plateau phase could be observed after administration of all three doses. This was explained by a strong binding of MTX to dihydrofolate reductase. The ratio, exchangeable MTX in tissue/plasma concentration, increased in liver and kidney with time after the higher doses, which is in accord with saturable transport to tissues. PMID- 7122691 TI - Propylthiouracil disposition in pregnant and post-partum women. AB - Propylthiouracil (PTU) disposition was investigated in hyperthyroid women during pregnancy and post partum. The plasma half-life after the first dose averaged 0.66 h and became greater than 1 h with chronic drug therapy. The apparent volume of distribution after the first dose averaged 0.26 liter/kg, similar to nonpregnant hyperthyroid patients. There was a tendency to increased apparent volume of distribution with chronic drug ingestion. Plasma clearance of PTU showed no change related to disease or to pregnancy. Our data suggest that pregnancy does not have a major effect on the pharmacokinetic disposition of PTU in the hyperthyroid mother. Observation of a prolonged plasma half-life for PTU in 1 patient post partum deserves further investigation to determine if this change is associated with clinically significant therapeutic or toxic effects. PMID- 7122692 TI - Perfusion of the fourth cerebral ventricle with the synthetic opioid peptide, FK 33-824, induces dose-related bradycardia and naloxone-reversible respiratory depression in the awake dog. AB - The importance of natural opioids in the central control of blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory function was evaluated with a synthetic analogue of Met enkephalin, FK 33-824, which is more resistant to enzymatic degradation than the natural opioids. Increasing concentrations (20, 100, 200 and 400 micrograms/ml), perfused through the 4th cerebral ventricle of the conscious dog, induced a concentration-related depression of respiratory function - as reflected in arterial pCO2 and pO2 and heart rate. Naloxone (40 micrograms/ml) was able to reverse respiratory depression whereas bradycardia was naloxone-resistant even after massive (100 micrograms/kg) intravenous doses. Mean arterial blood pressure was not affected in the tested concentration range. Because respiration was reversed by naloxone, it is concluded that respiratory control is regulated by the mu-type opioid receptor. Heart rate, however, may be governed by the delta type opioid receptor which is less susceptible to naloxone. PMID- 7122693 TI - Steps in the psychiatric de-education of the medical student. PMID- 7122694 TI - Nuclear war, patriotism, and medical ethics. PMID- 7122695 TI - Reflections of a primary-care resident. The value of community experience. PMID- 7122696 TI - Where on stands determines what one sees. PMID- 7122698 TI - The suitability of different preparations of thermoluminescent lithium borate for medical dosimetry. AB - The thermoluminescence properties of three different preparations of lithium borate have been studied with specific reference to their use in medical dosimetry. The properties of lithium borate powder doped with copper make it more attractive for low dose measurements than the more conventional phosphor doped with manganese. However, the energy response of the copper-doped material was not quite so suitable as that of the manganese-doped material for measuring doses to tissue at photon energies below 100 keV. It also exhibited appreciable light induced fading. PMID- 7122699 TI - Evaluating the performance of an edge detection algorithm for use in radioisotope imaging. AB - The criteria are presented for establishing how an edge detection algorithm (EDA) will respond under a variety of imaging situations. Several parameters have been defined to allow comparison of the processed image under varying conditions of count density, target to background ratio, depth of organ, scatter and intra image motion. These parameters could also be used for intercomparison of EDAs. PMID- 7122697 TI - Apathy--end-stage scream? Commencement address at Stony Brook Medical School. PMID- 7122700 TI - The complex permittivity of human tissue at microwave frequencies. PMID- 7122701 TI - Reliability of measuring trunk motions in centimeters. AB - A method of measuring trunk motion and two related motions using a tape measure and a stepstool was developed by physical therapists at our hospital. The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability of this method. Three repetitions of six motions performed by 24 subjects were each measured by three physical therapist raters on two separate days. The motions were forward bending, backward bending, right side bending, right rotation, right straight leg raising, and right prone knee bending. Reliability, standard deviation, and standard error were calculated for each motion. Only forward bending exhibited good single measurement reliability. Reliability coefficients for all motions were higher for the average of three successive measurements or for the measurement of a motion on successive days by the same rater. Measurements of rotation and straight leg raising, despite the improvement, continued to have low reliability. Analysis of variance was used to determine the significance of the differences between means for each motion across three raters, three repetitions, and two days. By looking at the analysis of variance and reliability estimates together, the authors identified two types of constant error affecting the data. PMID- 7122702 TI - Comparison of removable rigid dressings and elastic bandages in preprosthetic management of patients with below-knee amputations. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine if the removable rigid dressing is more effective in preprosthetic management than the conventional support dressing with elastic bandages. Residual limb circumference, independent application of the dressing, tendency of the dressing to remain secure, development of pressure areas, and presence of pain were evaluated in two groups of below-knee amputees. Subjects were randomly assigned to use either removable rigid dressings or conventional elastic bandages. Residual limb circumference was measured three times a week, and the other variables were measured weekly. The results indicated that the removable rigid dressing is more effective in preprosthetic management than the elastic bandage. PMID- 7122703 TI - Common peroneal nerve palsy following inversion ankle injury: a report of two cases. AB - Function of the peroneal nerve should be evaluated in all patients with a history of inversion ankle sprain. Two cases were presented that demonstrated significant involvement of the common peroneal nerve following ankle injury. Manual muscle testing and sensory exams identified the involvement of the peroneal nerve, and electrophysiological testing localized the lesion and provided indications of the severity of the trauma. The importance of routinely performing neurological testing on patients with ankle sprains as part of initial and follow-up evaluations has been demonstrated and is supported in the literature. PMID- 7122704 TI - Factors related to job turnover in physical therapy. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the relative importance of personal and work-related factors in relation to job turnover in the physical therapy profession. A survey questionnaire was mailed to a nationwide sample of 820 physical therapists, and 567 responses (69%) were used in the data analyses. The two most important reasons for leaving a job were "desire to pursue a different area of physical therapy" and "insufficient salary to meet financial needs." Significant differences were found in the relative importance of job-turnover factors when the sample was stratified according to physical therapy education level, percentage of time in direct patient care, years in the physical therapy profession, and sex. A careful look at the factors contributing to job turnover will help physical therapy administrators retain staff members. PMID- 7122705 TI - Monoaddition of dictamnine to synthetic double-stranded polydeoxyribonucleotides in UVA and the effect of photomodified DNA on template activity. PMID- 7122706 TI - Dimensional probing of the ATP binding site on firefly luciferase. PMID- 7122707 TI - Direct recording of the initially excited and the solvent relaxed fluorescence emission spectra of tryptophan by phase sensitive detection of fluorescence. PMID- 7122708 TI - Primary intermediates in the pulsed irradiation of retinoids. PMID- 7122709 TI - Photooxygenation of meso-tetraphenylporphyrin metal complexes. PMID- 7122710 TI - Type I and type II mechanisms in the photosensitized lysis of phosphatidylcholine liposomes by hematoporphyrin. PMID- 7122711 TI - Postirradiation properties of a UV-sensitive variant of CHO. PMID- 7122712 TI - Nature of the interaction between the photoactive compound phenylheptatriyne and animal viruses. PMID- 7122713 TI - Erythema and melanogenesis action spectra of normal human skin. PMID- 7122714 TI - Pheomelanin photochemistry: photolysis of model compounds. PMID- 7122716 TI - Evidence for a separate meal-associated oscillator in the rat. AB - Three experiments were conducted to explore the relationship between food availability and the wheel running activity rhythms of intact rats. In two experiments re-entrainment when meal times were changed was studied. The rats showed an increase in activity immediately prior to a regular feeding time and this increase was more rapid when rats had been fed at that time in an earlier condition. Some evidence of transients at a former meal time was observed when the meal time was shifted to later in the day, but not when the meal time was shifted to earlier in the day. This led to the hypothesis that ad lib feeding masks rather than abolishes meal-entrained activity. In a third experiment, therefore, rats were entrained to a daily meal under a light-dark (LD) cycle, then placed in constant dark (DD) on ad lib food with occasional periods of deprivation. A burst of activity associated with the former meal time occurred during the deprivation period, but not during ad lib periods; it returned during subsequent deprivation. It is concluded that meal feeding entrains a separate oscillator with a period different from the oscillator entrained by the LD cycle. PMID- 7122715 TI - Effects of a novel dopamine-receptor agonist RDS-127 (2-N,N-di-n-propylamino-4,7 dimethoxyindane), on hormone levels and sexual behavior in the male rat. AB - Selective changes in the mating pattern occurred 30 minutes following administration of RDS-127 (3.0 mg/kg, IP) to sexually experienced adult male rats. Marked decreases in intromission frequency and ejaculation latency were observed. These data indicate a potent effect upon conummatory mechanisms underlying copulatory behavior. The lack of effect upon arousal state was further demonstrated utilizing a "mounting test" (in which the penis is anesthetized by topical application of tetracaine hydrochloride). No difference in mounting behavior was seen. Seminal plugs were noted in a large percentage of treated animals at the time of anesthetic application. Additionally, a six-fold decrease in plasma prolactin and a lesser decrement in plasma luteinizing hormone were evident. Finally, in sexually experienced castrate animals, RDS-127 induced mounting in two thirds and intromissive and ejaculatory patterns in one third of the treated animals, 35 days postcastration. These effects were greatly attenuated by 56 days postcastration. The selective alteration of consummatory mechanisms, with little or no effect upon arousal status, suggests a neurochemical separation of these two components in the intact male rat. PMID- 7122717 TI - Effects of moderate zinc deficiency on cognitive performance in young adult rats. AB - Two experiments were conducted to establish a dietary zinc level which approximates a moderate deficiency in the young adult rat and to determine if a concurrent zinc deficiency affects cognitive performance. Male rats were fed varying levels of zinc in diet throughout a 17-day period. The lowest dietary level that depressed serum and bone zinc without influencing food consumption or body weight gains was observed to be 5.8 microgram Zn/g diet. Young adult rats maintained on either a zinc adequate (24.4 microgram Zn/g) or low-zinc (5.3 microgram Zn/g) diet were tested in a modified Skinner Box involving tests of visual, auditory, association, and discrimination learning. No differences were observed in the visual discrimination performance of the zinc deficient animals when compared with control counterparts. Deficits in the ability to transfer a learned association between visual and auditory stimuli were observed, however, in the deficient group during the transfer test phase. The latter performed better during the final auditory discrimination task in transferring a learned food-relevant cue. PMID- 7122718 TI - Instrumental avoidance conditioning of increased leg lowering in the spinal rat. AB - Five pairs of chronic spinal rats were trained to lower a hind leg and then were tested for retention using a counter-balanced instrumental avoidance paradigm in which one animal served as the experimental and the other as a yoked control subject. An additional three pairs of rats were used in this paradigm after their lumbosacral spinal cords had been removed by aspiration. The results indicate that the chronic spinal rat is capable of instrumental avoidance conditioning when leg lowering is the response, and that the lumbosacral spinal cord is essential for this phenomenon. PMID- 7122719 TI - Effect of limited access to sucrose on overeating and patterns of feeding. AB - Four groups of adult rats, housed on a 12-12, light-dark cycle, were allowed access to a nutritionally complete diet and water. Three of these groups were also offered a 32% solution of sucrose. The sucrose was available for either the 24-hour period, the 12 hours of light or the 12 hours of dark. Access to sucrose led to overeating and excessive weight gain. These effects were more pronounced when the sucrose was available for the 24-hour period or during the dark. Limited access to sucrose produced a reversal of the rat's usual circadian pattern of feeding when the sucrose was available during the light and increased the rat's nocturnal hyperphagia when it was available during the dark. Sucrose intake and the proportion of calories taken from sucrose were higher in the 24-hour access group and the dark access group than the light access group. Access to sucrose did not induce a pattern of dietary selection that compromised growth or health. It appears that access to a palatable carbohydrate solution can lead to overeating and major changes in the circadian organization of feeding behavior. These data emphasize the potent role that external factors can play in the control of ingestive behavior. PMID- 7122720 TI - Effects of early cold adaptation on food efficiency and dietary-induced thermogenesis in the adult rat. AB - The food intakes of male and female rats (Harvard strain) adapted to cold (5 degrees C) starting at weaning were studied in the cold and during reacclimation to 25 degrees C. Following 24 hr food deprivation, the male rats regained the weight they had lost without making up for the food they had missed (increased food efficiency), while the female rats ate 75% more food than they had missed in regaining their body weights (decreased food efficiency), independent of the temperature at which the animals were housed. On a high fat diet, both cold groups gained less weight than did the two control groups. However, each female group gained significantly less weight than its same temperature male group. Dietary-induced thermogenesis was significantly enhanced in male cold adapted rats 3 months after reacclimation to the zone of thermal neutrality but not in cold adapted female rats. Sex and strain differences are discussed. These data indicate that early chronic cold exposure results in both immediate and long-term changes in food efficiency and metabolism in adult rats, but the effects vary with the sex of the animal. PMID- 7122721 TI - Unilateral lesions of the anteromedial cortex in the rat impair approach to contralateral visual cues. AB - This experiment determined the effects of large unilateral lesions of the anteromedial cortex (AMC) on visually guided performance of rats in a cross maze. Deficits were found in the approach to only visual cues that were located in the arm contralateral to the lesion. The deficit appeared in three testing conditions: when the cue was continuously visible throughout the trial; when it was visible only at the choice point; and when it was seen only at the start of the trial but not at the choice point. The failure to approach a contralateral cue was not due to a simple ipsilateral turning bias; rats with lesions could approach cues in the anterior arm as efficiently as controls. The deficit was most apparent on the initial sessions and recovery occurred for all conditions. The findings indicate that the AMC participates in the visual guidance of approach behavior. PMID- 7122722 TI - Paradoxical adaptation to taste mixtures. AB - Quinine, sucrose, quinine-sucrose mixtures, and water were employed both as preadapting rinses and as stimuli in a factorial experiment. Human subjects judged the perceived taste intensity of the 16 stimulus-rinse pairs, which were flowed over the dorsal anterior tongue surface. Previously documented effects of adaptation, mixture suppression, and release from suppression were observed. Following adaptation to quinine-sucrose mixtures, presentation of equimolar unmixed quinine or equimolar unmixed sucrose resulted in a reliable residual bitter or sweet taste, respectively, which was significantly greater than the taste following self-adaptation of the unmixed solutions. The residual taste following mixture adaptation suggests a peripheral mechanism underlying suppression between bitter and sweet tastes in a mixture. PMID- 7122723 TI - Strain-typical patterns of pregnancy-induced nestbuilding in mice: maternal and experiential influences. AB - Pregnant C57BL/6J mice incorporate less material into maternal nests and build fewer fully enclosed nests than do pregnant DBA/2J mice. These strain differences are not ameliorated by additional reproductive experience since multiparous animals also exhibit a similar pattern. Reciprocally-crossed hybrid females exhibit DBA-like levels of pregnancy-induced nestbuilding and cross-fostered C57BL and DBA females retain the phenotype of their strain. Experiential and maternal environmental factors apparently are not responsible for strain differences in pregnancy-induced nestbuilding. Differences in ovarian function and/or central neural tissue sensitivity to ovarian hormones may modulate strain differences in pregnancy-induced nestbuilding. PMID- 7122724 TI - A comment on confusion in open-field studies: abuse of null-hypothesis significance test. AB - The confusion in open-field studies which has resulted from a misinterpretation of statistical results was examined. Several discrepant results obtained on the basis of significance tests have revealed that the discrepancy was not so serious as had been thought. Examples of highly reliable but substantially small experimental effects were presented to indicate the erroneous impression given. The expectation that consistent results can always be obtained from even a small sample size was criticized. In order to reduce some of this confusion, the use of strength of association (eta2) together with consideration for statistical power in the interpretation of open-field results was recommended. PMID- 7122725 TI - An easily constructed biphasic constant-current stimulator for intracranial self stimulation. AB - This paper describes a biphasic, constant-current stimulator that is appropriate for intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) studies. The stimulator is made from components that are readily available in electronic supply stores at low cost. A printed circuit board has also been designed for the stimulator which facilitates its production. The device has proven extremely reliable in various ICSS paradigms. PMID- 7122726 TI - Possible lateralization of function in toadfish sound production. AB - Sounds in toadfish are produced by simultaneous contraction of paired swimbladder muscles. Muscle synchronization has been attributed to electric synapses within the midline sonic motor nucleus. This note describes three sounds, which appear to be produced by different contraction patterns of the left and right muscles, suggesting that a single motor nucleus is capable of simultaneously producing two different outputs. PMID- 7122727 TI - Lateral hypothalamic stimulation: stimulus-bound eating and self-deprivation. AB - Research was undertaken in an attempt to clarify the relationship between stimulus-bound eating and self-deprivation produced by electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus. It was hypothesized that if these two phenomena are mediated through a common population of feeding-related neurons, a significant correlation should be observed between these two behaviors. No significant relationship was discovered among the rats tested for both stimulus-bound eating and self-deprivation. Although this finding by itself does not rule out some role for feeding-related neural elements in stimulus-bound eating and self deprivation, the present results provide no support for this view and suggest alternative explanations should be sought. PMID- 7122728 TI - Classical conditioning of stress-induced analgesia. AB - Exposure of mice to a series of inescapable shocks produced analgesic reaction. This type of naloxone reversible, stress-induced analgesia responds to classical conditioning. Stress-induced analgesia involves activation of the opiate system: thus this type of analgesic mechanism responds to classical conditioning. PMID- 7122729 TI - Volumetric measure and lick count of liquid food intake of rats. AB - A simple and relatively inexpensive lick counter-volumeter is described which automatically records liquid intake and drinking behavior of rats. It counts lick contacts while accurately measuring the rate of volume intake in constant unit volumes. The unit volumes are adjustable over a wide range. For a unit volume on the order of 60 microliter, the precision was 1.2% over a range of withdrawal rates from 1 to 10 ml/min. The average lick volume of rats consuming a liquid food was systematically lower by 18% during the second meal following a 15 hr fast when compared to that of the first. This change in average lick volume appears to reflect a change in the rat's motivation to drink the liquid food. PMID- 7122730 TI - Effects of bilateral and unilateral neocortical lesions on schedule-induced polydipsia in rats. AB - Fifteen adult female rats were subjected to one of the following surgical procedures: (1) bilateral neocortical ablation; (2) unilateral neocortical ablation; or (3) sham surgery. Following recovery, all rats were tested on a fixed-time 1-min food schedule for acquisition of schedule-induced polydipsia. Contrary to a previous report by Bigler, Fleming and Shearer [1], no attenuation of polydipsia was seen in either group of rats with neocortical damage. PMID- 7122731 TI - Genetic analyses of gustation in the fowl. AB - Preferences towards quinine sulfate (QS) and dextrose (DEX) were tested in purelines and reciprocal crosses of two lines of chickens that had undergone 22 generations of selection for high and low juvenile body weight. Parental line-F1 comparisons provided evidence for non-additive genetic variation for hedonic sensitivity towards QS and DEX, though in opposite directions. Additive genetic variation appeared to influence the preference ratios for both stimuli at super threshold concentrations. These results are discussed with regard to their evolutionary implications. PMID- 7122732 TI - Feeding pattern and light-dark variations in water intake and renal excretion after suprachiasmatic nuclei lesions in rats. AB - Bilateral destruction of the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) eliminated light-dark (L/D) variations in water intake and urine output in albino rats. The lesions abolished also the circadian rhythm of food intake, without changing significantly the 24 hour number of meals, total meal duration and 24 hour food intake. Only the L/D distribution of the number of meals was changed from 5.6/16.9 in control period to 12.7/12.9 after lesions. In contrast, the L/D distribution of sodium, potassium and chlorides excretions demonstrated attenuated but persistent nocturnal type. These data imply that SCN play a role of driving oscillator for the circadian rhythm of food intake, but probably are not the main synchronizer for the rhythms of electrolyte excretions. PMID- 7122733 TI - Changes of plasma and adrenal catecholamines and corticosterone in stressed rats with septal lesions. AB - The effect of septal lesions on plasma catecholamine and corticosterone (B) levels has been studied in rats during single and 7 times repeated immobilization stress (IMO). Blood samples were obtained via a catheter in the tail artery or by decapitation. The increased circulating epinephrine (EPI) and norepinephrine (NE) levels observed in the initial phase of acute stress as well as the elevated baseline EPI level after six times repeated IMO are indicative of an enhanced response of the sympathetic adrenomedullary system after lesions of the septum. After decapitation of rats with septal lesions there was a significant increase in plasma NE one day after the sixth IMO and a block of EPI increase after the seventh IMO compared to sham-operated rats. The adrenocortical system was similarly found to be activated after septal lesions, exhibiting increased baseline plasma B levels. It has been suggested that the septal region affects the studied systems by exerting an inhibitory tonus. The removal of this inhibitory system results in an increase of adrenocortical and sympathetic adrenomedullary activities. PMID- 7122735 TI - Responses to dietary adulterations in rats with zona incerta lesions. AB - Large lesions of the rostral zona incerta (ZI) permanently reduced food and water intake and body weight to about 75% of control levels. When quinine hydrochloride was added to the water supply, the experimental animals exhibited a somewhat greater initial decrease in fluid consumption, but otherwise responded much like control rats to quinine adulteration of both food and water. The ZI animals reduced their fluid intake when water was added to the food supply, in the form of wet mash, while the controls showed no compensation for the auxiliary water. When presented with sucrose solutions, the ZI animals increased their fluid intake, but reduced their mash consumption, to a greater degree than control rats. The experimental animals also showed an exaggerated response in both food and caloric intake to the addition of sucrose to the wet mash. PMID- 7122734 TI - Preferential nesting in lemon-scented environment in rats reared on lemon-scented bedding from birth to weaning. AB - Newborn rats (males and females) were reared on lemon scented shavings from birth to weaning. The experienced rats (111 animals) and their controls (135 animals) were tested for lemon odor preference at 21, 51, 81, 111 and 141 days of age. The test box consisted of two preference chambers, containing wood shavings, interconnected by a starting compartment. Shavings of one of the preference chambers were sprinkled with natural lemon juice. The preference ratio was obtained on the basis of the chamber selected for nesting. The results clearly show that (1) sex differences occur in both experienced and control groups of rats and (2) rats reared on lemon scented bedding from birth to weaning acquire a permanent preference for nesting in the lemon scented chamber. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that an imprinting-like process takes place. PMID- 7122737 TI - Anticholinergic drugs, blood-brain-barrier and tonic immobility in chickens. AB - A series of three experiments examined the effects of atropine, scopolamine, and their methyl analogs on tonic immobility in chickens. The first experiment demonstrated significant attenuation of immobility duration by atropine and scopolamine. Methyl atropine and methyl scopolamine attenuated immobility duration but did so significantly less than equivalent amounts of atropine and scopolamine. Experiments 2 and 3 examined effects of atropine, methyl atropine, scopolamine, and methyl scopolamine on immobility duration as a function of posthatch age. In these experiments atropine and scopolamine attenuated TI duration at each test age examined. The methyl analogs attenuated TI duration only at the youngest age (7-days posthatch) and failed to do so at 14-days posthatch or older. These age-dependent differences between the tertiary and quaternary compounds were attributed to blood-brain-barrier development. In Experiments 2 and 3 immobility duration increased with increased posthatch age. Scopolamine prevented the age-related increase but atropine did not. This difference is discussed in terms of fear arousal. PMID- 7122736 TI - Effects of estradiol benzoate on the pattern of eating and ethanol consumption. AB - The effects of daily injections of 5 microgram estradiol benzoate (EB) on the patterns of food and ethanol consumption were studied in ovarectomized rats given free access to food, a 10% ethanol solution, and water. EB led to an immediate, but transient, suppression of both food and ethanol intake. The time course and magnitude of these effects were virtually identical. While the decrease in total food intake was achieved by a permanent decrease in the duration of eating bouts, the decline in total ethanol consumption apparently resulted from decreased rates of licking within bouts. Gradual increases in the frequency of eating and ethanol drinking bouts allowed total food and ethanol intake to return to baseline within three weeks of the first injection. Total water intake rose three-fold during EB administration and this was due to increases in both the duration and frequency of drinking bouts. The similarity in effects induced by EB on the patterns of food and ethanol intake were discussed in terms of ethanol's caloric property. PMID- 7122738 TI - Functional changes in waking and sleeping rats after lesions in the olfactory pathways. AB - Food deprived control rats presented the following characteristics: (1) in a two choice behavioral test, the animals explored significantly more the side of the cage odorized by a food odor (FO) than the non odorized one; (2) FO presentations in slow wave sleep (SWS) aroused them significantly more often than in a food satiated condition; (3) during wakefulness, the multiunit mitral cell responsiveness towards FO was selectively enhanced. The same 3 parameters have also been tested in animals where projections of one olfactory bulb were completely sectioned, or intact either in the medial or in the lateral part of one peduncle; the other olfactory peduncle was completely severed. The results showed that waking rats needed both medial and lateral projection pathways to perform normally in the food odor detection task, and to display the normal mitral cell excitability. However, in SWS, one medial pathway at least was needed to mediate normal rates of neocortical arousal in response to FO stimulations. The results are considered in terms of functional complementarity/redundance of the medial and lateral olfactory pathways. PMID- 7122739 TI - Recovery time and sensorimotor cortex lesion effects. AB - Rats received one-stage, bilateral lesions of the individual sensorimotor cortex areas (Sm-1, Sm-2) and were compared to sham operated rats or rats with lesions of Sm1 + 2 in learning a series of 5 ridge-smooth tactile discriminations. Some rats began testing 1 or 2 weeks after surgery, while others remained in their home cages for 1 month, 6 months, 1 year or 2 years before beginning testing. The rats with combined Sm1 + 2 lesions performed very poorly regardless of recovery time, and those with sham operations performed extremely well even when tested late in life. The animals with either Sm-1 or Sm-2 lesions did not do well after the shorter recovery periods, but obtained scores within the sham operated group range when given 1 year. (Sm-2) or 2 years (Sm-1) for recovery. These data show that spared parts of the damaged system are important in mediating tactile discriminative behavior. However, the reasons for the long delays in recovery are not clear. PMID- 7122740 TI - Gustatory reaction time under variable stimulus parameters in human adults. AB - Reaction times and perceived intensities for NaCl solutions were measured in sixteen human adults. Stimulus delivery was by means of a circular piece of solution-soaked filter paper held with forceps. The reaction time (T) decreased and the perceived intensity (S) increased with increasing the concentration (C) of NaCl solution applied to a fixed (78.5 mm2) tongue area. The comprehensive relations among T, S and C can be expressed by the following formula; T=a+b/log(C/Co), T=p+q/log(S/So), and logS=mlogC+logn, where a, b, p, q, m, n=constants, and So indicates the perceived intensity at the threshold concentration (Co). Meanwhile, the reaction time decreased and the perceived intensity increased with increasing the stimulated area (A) under a fixed (1.0 M) concentration of NaCl solution. The relations among T, S and A can also be expressed by the following equations; T=a'+b'/log(A/Ao), T=p'+q'/log(S/So), and logS=m'logA+logn', where a', b', p', q', m', n'=constants, and Ao indicates the threshold size of stimulated area. PMID- 7122741 TI - The rat corticosterone response: habituation and modification by chlordiazepoxide. AB - The rat plasma corticosterone response was measured in 3 novel situations that differed in the extent to which the rat's own behavior determined its sampling of novel stimuli. All 3 tests induced a significant rise in corticosterone concentrations and on repeated exposures the corticosterone significantly decreased. Acute administration of chlordiazepoxide (5 mg/kg) significantly reduced the corticosterone response to novelty and after 5 days of drug pretreatment chlordiazepoxide was even more effective at reducing the corticosterone response to novel situations. The corticosterone response to the stress of cold and restraint was reduced by an acute dose of 50 mg/kg chlordiazepoxide, and after 5 days of pretreatment by doses of 10 and 50 mg/kg. In all but one test tolerance developed to the corticosterone-blocking action of chlordiazepoxide after 10 days of drug treatment. PMID- 7122742 TI - Genetic association between progesterone-induced and maternal nesting in mice. AB - Increases in nesting during pregnancy may be mediated by progesterone in mice. If the behaviors, maternal nesting (MN) and nesting induced by exogenous progesterone (PN), are controlled by the same physiological mechanism, it would be expected that they share a common genetic basis. The present experiment was designed to quantify the extent of genetic association between PN and MN. At Wesleyan University, baseline nesting was measured on females of 4 inbred strains. Subsequently, half of the mice in each strain received progesterone implants. There were significant increases in nesting due to progesterone treatment. After 21 days, implants were removed and nesting levels returned to baseline. The mice were mated and nesting measured throughout pregnancy. The strain rank order was the same for levels of PN and MN. The genetic correlation between PN and MN estimated from analysis of covariance within and between strains was not significantly different from 1.0. These results were replicated at the University of Iowa. The high genetic correlation implies a common physiological mechanism underlying PN and MN. PMID- 7122745 TI - Experience with the ipsilateral thigh flap for closure of heel defects in children. PMID- 7122744 TI - The Washio tempororetroauricular flap: its use in 20 patients. AB - It is surprising that in a recently published symposium on reconstruction of the nose, not one article mentioned the tempororetroauricular flap described by Washio. In our experience, this method is a very useful tool for difficult nasal reconstructions in young individuals. It is a safe procedure (not to be compared with free flaps of the same region), and it provides thin skin and cartilage that can be adapted for different types of defect. Exceptionally, it may provide a sufficient amount of tissue for a total nose reconstruction. As compared with most other techniques, it leaves no additional scar on the face. PMID- 7122743 TI - Pharmacologic treatment of the failing skin flap. AB - Pigs with random skin flaps were treated with phenoxybenzamine, isoxsuprine, or reserpine. No significant increase in flap survival was detected. In selected animals, cutaneous blood flow was measured using the microsphere technique. Of the drugs tested, reserpine was the only one to cause a significant increase in cutaneous blood flow. Previous clinical and experimental studies on the treatment of failing skin flaps are reviewed. The important criteria for designing future pharmacologic studies are discussed. PMID- 7122746 TI - Paralysis of the mandibular branch of the facial nerve. AB - A direct and simple operation of transfer of the anterior belly of the digastric muscle with its attached tendon is presented. It was carried out in 36 patients, with three minor complications. It has proved effective in paralysis of the mandibular division of the facial nerve as a primary or secondary procedure. In ablative resections where this branch of the nerve is intentionally sacrificed, it is advised to do the muscle and tendon transfer as part of the primary operation. In aesthetic operations or where the status of the nerve (post operatively) is not specifically know, it is advised to wait for spontaneous return for an interval of 3 to 6 months. If the improvement is not satisfactory, then this technique may be considered. PMID- 7122747 TI - The functional vascular anatomy of rib. AB - The adequacy of nutrient blood supply to ribs based on the intercostal-periosteal system versus the medullary nutrient artery was investigated in six dogs containing ribs of each type. Free grafts with periosteum and without periosteum were also included. Vascularity was monitored by bone scanning and tetracycline double labeling. A preliminary study with RES scanning using sulfur colloid was also preformed. The results of this study showed (1) that no demonstrable difference in blood supply exists between rib supplied by the anterior intercostal-periosteal system versus the nutrient artery (this was seen with bone scans, tetracycline double labels, and RES scans); (2) that bone scans can differentiate between vascularized rib grafts and free rib grafts for at least the first 7 days (after 7 days, some free grafts begin to take up label); and (3) that by using bone scan, no difference in the rate of revascularization is detected between free grafts with the periosteum stripped or the periosteum intact (RES scans and tetracycline labeling were not given late enough after surgery to be incorporated in either type of nonvascularized graft). PMID- 7122749 TI - Vasospasm control by intra-arterial reserpine. AB - Vascular spasm may complicate both traumatic injuries and disease processes. It may be severe enough that thrombosis and vascular compromise occur, causing tissue necrosis. Transient relief may be obtained by proximal sympathetic blocks, but these are not well tolerated by the patient and require repeated injections. This study shows that a single intra-arterial injection of 1.25 mg of reserpine into the branchial artery of human volunteers with a No. 25 needle produces a prolonged sympathectomy distal to the site of injection, with cutaneous flushing, increased temperature, and increased digital pulse wave recordings. It also eliminates the vasoconstriction normally caused by a cold stimulus. Using this dose, the side effects were minimal. No complications were encountered as a result of the technique. Low-dose intra-arterial reserpine is recommended for the treatment of reversible vascular spasm. PMID- 7122750 TI - Presidential address: The American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery: a look at its origin, status, and future. PMID- 7122748 TI - A self-inflating tissue expander. AB - Tissue expansion is a means of mechanically creating an excess of soft tissue, contiguous to a defect, for use in reconstruction. To accomplish this, a self inflating implant has been designed, tested, and used clinically. It offers potential advantages over similar percutaneously inflated devices, but has also presented new problems. Histologically, tissue expansion in the guinea pig is relatively innocuous, utilizing this implant; clinical results were similarly encouraging. Further clinical studies and applications await the identification of a more permeable membrane. PMID- 7122751 TI - A solitary bone cyst of the mandibular condyle. AB - A review of the literature concerning solitary bone cysts of the jaws is presented. Our patient is typical except for the location of the cyst. No previous case of a solitary bone cyst confirmed to the mandibular condyle has been reported. No precise etiology for solitary bone cyst is known. The use of routine panoramic radiography has made detection of such cysts more common. Surgical exploration is indicated for diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7122752 TI - Acral lentiginous melanoma in situ. PMID- 7122754 TI - Cut-blot-coagulate: a new time saving device. PMID- 7122755 TI - Policies of the American Board of Plastic Surgery. PMID- 7122753 TI - A free transfer of both latissimus dorsi and serratus anterior flaps with thoracodorsal vessel anastomoses. PMID- 7122756 TI - [Psychiatry in Somalia]. AB - After a short description of the psychiatric clinic in Mogadishu and the treatment methods, cultural questions and the role of the medicine-men are discussed. The incorporation of the traditional forms of family solidarity, the ways of life and religion into the psychiatric treatment methods is attached the respective importance. In the analysis of the patients according to the international classification of diseases, seven diagnostic groups were worked out. It became clear that basically the same forms of psychose occur as are known in Europe; deviations were worked out. For a further development, specialisation and decentralisation are being continued. PMID- 7122757 TI - [Sex therapeutic method in the frame of the treatment of sex disorders]. PMID- 7122758 TI - [Biomechanical aspects of cervical myelopathy]. AB - Detailed pictures obtained by functional myelography show that anteflexion causes substantial ventral movement of the myelon in the lower neck region. This lack of lateral stability can, in cases of degenerative kyphosis accompanied by dorsal osteophytic swelling across the intervertebral space, lead to constant irritation of the myelon sheath outside of the region concerned although the spinal canal is not constricted. If surgical treatment is necessary preference should therefore be given to Cloward's ventral fusion rather than to laminectomy. PMID- 7122759 TI - [Late paralyses of peripheral nerves after radiotherapy]. AB - On the basis of eleven observations in 10 patients carried out by the authors nine cases of paresis of the brachial plexus, one case of paresis of the accessory nerve and one of femoral nerve--the problems of late paresis due to the irradiation of peripheral nerves are discussed. The development of these nerve lesions are primarily caused by radiation-induced fibroses and vasculopathies in the environment of the nerves. Several series of radiation appear to increase the risk of radiogenic pareses. With the frequently preferred application of megavolt therapy, a further increase in radiogenic nerve lesions may result. PMID- 7122761 TI - On the therapy in clinical administration. Part I. Introduction and history; administration and its relation to psychotherapy. PMID- 7122760 TI - Factors affecting the choice of a psychiatric career: an experimental study. AB - Some factors affecting the choice of a psychiatric career are explored using experimental data from all medical students in two classes who started their clinical clerkships with a strong interest in psychiatry. Information was obtained via regularly scheduled observations and discussions over 13-month clerkship periods. A number of themes were expressed by the clerks and explored in this paper. The significant impact of role models was especially noted. Experimental research can be most helpful in deepening one's understanding of the day-to-day forces that impinge upon the clinical clerk and the career decision process. PMID- 7122762 TI - Training tomorrow's psychiatrist. PMID- 7122763 TI - Of the shared responsibility for civil commitment. PMID- 7122764 TI - The "business" metaphor in the delivery of human services. AB - A critique is presented of the application of business concepts to the delivery of human services. It is first established that such application involves the use of a metaphor. Some notions of how metaphors function are then presented and used to describe how the "business" metaphor may operate in its application to the delivery of mental health services. Both potential benefits and problems that may result from such an application are discussed. It is concluded that "business" is not an appropriate metaphor for the delivery of human services. PMID- 7122765 TI - [Community mental health in Israel]. AB - The current state of mental health care in Israel is described, considering the historical and sociodemographic background. Predominating are community out patient clinics and cooperation of out-patient and in-patient services, whereas the number of beds and the size of wards is comparatively small. The country is consequently divided into catchment areas with a flexible adjustment according to the geographical characteristics and practical means. Generally the centres are richly staffed instead of expensive buildings. In a short amount of time and by comparatively small means, a modern and humane psychiatric and psychotherapeutic care has been established, fairly meeting the needs of the patient concerned. PMID- 7122766 TI - [Inpatient psychiatry in a hospital in Berlin-Kreuzberg - case inventory for starting on a new working concept concentrating on patients domiciled near the hospital location (i.e. patient care regionally subdivided according to geographical residence]. PMID- 7122767 TI - [Reflections on alternative treatment of alcohol addiction in a Federal German provincial psychiatric hospital]. AB - The article describes and discusses the possibilities of treating various groups of alcohol addicts. Particular attention is drawn to the underprivileged situation of chronic alcoholics. Suggestions for initiating a possible meaningful therapy are advanced. Another point of emphasis is the description of the possibility of treating alcoholics who have been compulsorily referred to hospital but who are not depraved. It is suggested to pay greater attention to the possibilities of short-term treatment and training to achieve controlled drinking. PMID- 7122769 TI - When the analyst is chronically ill or dying. AB - This is a study of the effects on the patient, the analyst, and the analytic process of chronic life-threatening illness in the analyst. The vicissitudes of the aggressive drive and its derivatives within the patient are studied in most detail. The analyst's use of denial and isolation, as well as his narcissistic withdrawal in such circumstances, is also illustrated. In addition, some of the practical technical issues which arise are discussed. PMID- 7122768 TI - The humanistic trend in recent psychoanalytic theory. AB - What seems at first to be a humanistic trend in recent psychoanalytic thinking may actually be the culmination of a holistic movement that began soon after Freud. As theory, it carries with it many built-in difficulties and requires implicit support from the partializing parent theory. In the shadow of that older theory, however, it makes a number of important contributions, including attention to meaning as made, not just discovered, and the importance of the analyst's attitudes in treatment. PMID- 7122770 TI - The perversion of fetishism in women. AB - This paper attempts to demonstrate that fetishism as defined by Freud in males also exists among women. Freud described fetishism as a defense against castration anxiety arising from the perception of the female genitals. It is suggested that the main difference between male fetishism and female fetishism is that because of developmental factors involving the phallic phase, for women the fetish represents the penis of the father, not of the mother. Clinical material is presented to support these hypotheses. PMID- 7122771 TI - On discovering mother has a first name. PMID- 7122772 TI - An unusual infantile theory of the origin of the female sex. PMID- 7122773 TI - Anxiety and defensive strategies in childhood and adolescence. PMID- 7122774 TI - Meeting the challenge of science, a first priority: comments on Dolan's "shared data base" and "online journal". PMID- 7122775 TI - Autonomic nervous system function and aging: response specificity. PMID- 7122776 TI - The topography of event-related slow potentials during reflex movement (ankle jerk) conditioning. PMID- 7122777 TI - Heart rate biofeedback and cold pressor pain. PMID- 7122778 TI - Electroencephalograms in children of alcoholic fathers. PMID- 7122779 TI - Effects of control over aversive stimulation and type A behavior on cardiovascular and plasma catecholamine responses. PMID- 7122780 TI - Effect of problem solving on right and left hemisphere 40 hertz EEG activity. PMID- 7122781 TI - The effects of pharmacological manipulations that influence vagal control of the heart on heart period, heart-period variability and respiration in rats. PMID- 7122782 TI - Physical anhedonia and future psychopathology: an electrocortical continuity? PMID- 7122783 TI - Autonomic myocardial influences as a factor determining inter-task consistency of heart rate reactivity. PMID- 7122784 TI - Arousing and de-arousing effects of cigarette smoking under conditions of stress and mild sensory isolation. PMID- 7122788 TI - Correction of EOG artifacts in event-related potentials of the EEG: aspects of reliability and validity. PMID- 7122786 TI - On the language and logic of psychophysiology: a reply to Donchin. PMID- 7122785 TI - The relevance of dissociations and the irrelevance of dissociationism: a reply to Schwartz and Pritchard. PMID- 7122789 TI - Cardiovascular correlates of the psychotherapeutic process. AB - 12 medical student volunteers were studied during 10 weekly sessions of brief dynamic psychotherapy using on-line physiological monitoring and concurrent psychotherapy process ratings. Forearm vascular resistance change from baseline for each visit was found to be related to psychotherapeutic outcome, and to some of the process variables, but to be most strongly correlated with clusters of process variables. This suggests that there may yet be a role for physiological monitoring in psychotherapy research. PMID- 7122790 TI - Further reflections on psychosomatic theory. Alexithymia and interhemispheric specialization. AB - Clinical and laboratory observations of alexithymia suggest that a neurophysiologic hypothesis may be more useful than the traditional psychodynamic explanations for understanding psychosomatic processes. Current data support the concept of a functional disconnection between the two cerebral hemispheres. A mechanism for this disconnection, based on Kaplan and Wogan's experimental analogue of alexithymia, is presented. This mechanism implicates an inability to process painful stimuli through right hemispheric processes as a causitive factor in psychosomatic illness. Discussion of how this mechanism explains clinical observations of psychosomatic illness, and suggestions for further studies to elucidate and test this hypothetical mechanism are presented. PMID- 7122787 TI - Experimenter expectancy effects in frontal EMG conditioning. PMID- 7122791 TI - Personality pathology underlying chronic prostatitis. AB - Personality testing was performed on 56 patients with clinical symptoms of chronic prostatitis. The psychological methods used were RO, TAT, FAM and Beck's Depression Inventory. Q factor analysis of the patients was performed and yielded four factors representing four different personality pathologies, i.e. psychosomatic structure, alexithymic personality, borderline personality and narcissistic personality. The duration of the somatic symptoms correlated positively with the severity of the psychic symptoms. The etiology of the different pathologies expressed by the patients with chronic prostatitis was, according to the researchers, the same. All are disorders of the pregenital level and all can be interpreted as a consequence of disturbance of the first object relationships, the key factor being defective fantasy development. PMID- 7122792 TI - 'I took a life because I needed one': psychotherapeutic possibilities with the schizophrenic offender-patient. AB - This paper's fulcrum is a schizophrenic's explanation as to why he had taken a life: 'I took a life because I needed one.' It attempts to describe the exploration of therapeutic possibilities with the schizophrenic offender-patient. Particular attention is paid to the Associative Mode. This is a way of safely engaging with the patient in the depth of his experience without shattering his precarious defences. The discussion illustrates the close inter-dependence between the dynamic content of individual and group psychotherapy, the life of the hospital as a whole and the significance of therapeutic space being contained within a secure perimeter. PMID- 7122793 TI - Biopsychobehavioral correlates of insomnia, part 1: Role of sleep apnea and nocturnal myoclonus. PMID- 7122794 TI - Psychiatric presentations of cancer. PMID- 7122796 TI - Some thoughts on conversion. PMID- 7122795 TI - The Kleine-Levin syndrome: a review. PMID- 7122797 TI - Conditioned aversion to chemotherapy. PMID- 7122798 TI - Pseudodementia masking substance abuse and depression. PMID- 7122799 TI - Root work and the refusal of surgery. PMID- 7122801 TI - Short-term intensive group psychotherapy for patients with 'functional' complaints. PMID- 7122800 TI - Dislocated jaw concealed by dystonia. PMID- 7122803 TI - Psychiatric aspects of adolescent pregnancy. PMID- 7122802 TI - Objectives for residents in consultation psychiatry: recommendations of a task force. PMID- 7122804 TI - Aging, memory loss, and dementia. PMID- 7122805 TI - Overlooking the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa. PMID- 7122806 TI - Noninvasive measurement of cardiac ejection fraction during desipramine treatment. PMID- 7122807 TI - Catatonic-like syndrome during neuroleptic therapy. PMID- 7122812 TI - The interface between occupational health services and the National Health Service. PMID- 7122808 TI - What degree of error in Hospital Activity Analysis clinical data? PMID- 7122809 TI - Dealing with the disadvantaged--single homeless, are we doing enough? PMID- 7122810 TI - Atopic disease in Indians from Tamil Nadu. PMID- 7122811 TI - The self-poisoner--a profile. PMID- 7122813 TI - Homosexuals and enteric infections in a London health district. PMID- 7122814 TI - Socio-medical aspects of chronic non-specific lung disease (C.N.S.L.D.). PMID- 7122815 TI - "Mobbing". PMID- 7122817 TI - Prevention as policy. PMID- 7122816 TI - Infectious diseases and blood donation. PMID- 7122818 TI - The global elimination of measles. PMID- 7122820 TI - Tax expenditures and health insurance: limiting employer-paid premiums. PMID- 7122819 TI - Pneumococcal vaccination practices among private physicians. AB - It is estimated that less than 10 percent of patients thought to be at high risk of invasive pneumococcal diseases have received 14-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. To determine if any of these groups are more likely to be vaccinated than others, 893 private, primary-care physicians were surveyed nationwide. Although there was general agreement that the vaccine is indicated for the high-risk groups, patients with cardiorespiratory diseases were the only ones usually immunized by more than half of the survey respondents. The discrepancy between attitudes and practices could not be attributed to any specific factor. PMID- 7122821 TI - Hospital location as a determinant of emergency room utilization patterns. AB - The use of the emergency rooms of three private, acute care, nonprofit hospitals was investigated in relation to each hospital's location. The emergency room of the hospital located in an urban poverty area served as the "poor man's doctor," whereas the emergency rooms of the two hospitals in more affluent areas served more traditional emergency room patients. Investigation showed that even when patient populations were similar in demographic characteristics, the hospitals' locations influenced emergency room utilization patterns. Thus, one emergency room is not the same as another, and one standard model for dealing with emergency room issues will not work in every facility. PMID- 7122822 TI - The revised estimated survival probability index of trauma severity. AB - The construction of a revised version of the Estimated Survival Probability Index (or ESP index) is described. The original index had been proposed as a tool that would be useful in grading from hospital medical records the severity of injuries sustained by patients hospitalized with trauma conditions. The revised index (RESP) is based on a data set of 61,419 records. Unlike the ESP, the RESP index is based upon parameters that are age specific and specific to decimal ICDA codes. The RESP is validated by correlating RESP scores with observed mortality by using an independent set of multiple-trauma patients. Overall, a strong monotonic relationship between the RESP index and increasing mortality was demonstrated. Also, the RESP index correlated with mortality in selected subsets of multiple trauma patients with extremely severe injuries. Some uses and limitations of this index are discussed. PMID- 7122823 TI - Factors affecting streptococcal colonization among children in selected areas of Alaska. AB - The epidemiology of streptococcal disease affecting 706 Alaskan Eskimo children was investigated by analysis of data on throat cultures obtained during a long term surveillance program begun in 1971. A binary variable multiple-regression model was used to study the association between streptococcal colonization of these children and six potential risk factors: age, sex, number of children in household, region, health-aide rating, and colonization rate for each child the previous year. Factors found to be significantly associated with streptococcal colonization included age, past colonization, competence of local health-aide in providing care, and health-care region. Age varied most in the standardized colonization ratio (percentage of corresponding adjusted rate to overall crude colonization rate), ranging from 122 percent for children 3--6 years old to 67 percent for children 13--18 years old. The number of children in over-crowded homes and a child's sex were not apparently important. The method of analysis can be used to provide health-care planners with a simple means of identifying potentially important areas of concern for planning effective and economical health-care strategy. PMID- 7122824 TI - Effects of characteristics of the survey instrument on response rates to a mail survey of community hospitals. AB - A 4-factor, 16-cell experimental design was used to investigate the relationship between response rates of community hospitals to a survey conducted by the American Hospital Association (AHA) and 4 characteristics of the survey instrument, each varied dichotomously: the perceived length of the questionnaire, the order of questions, the orientation of the appeal made in the cover letter, and the presence or absence of a promise to share the results of the study with respondents. Response rate variations between the various cells were examined and multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the significance of the association between response rates and each of the four survey instrument variables while controlling for the effect of the others. At the same time, control was also maintained for the effects of five institutional characteristics of hospitals which a previous study had shown to have a significant relationship to response: bed size, location within or outside a standard metropolitan statistical area, AHA membership status, type of ownership, and form of control. The perceived length of the questionnaire and the order of questions were found to have a significant effect on response rates, but the orientation of the cover letter and a promise to share the results of the study with the respondents were found to be insignificant. PMID- 7122825 TI - South Carolina's suicide mortality in the 1970s. AB - In an epidemiologic study of suicide mortality among South Carolina residents for the years 1970--78, death certificates for 2,763 persons were reviewed. The overall suicide rates were lower than those observed in the same period for the United States. As expected, the highest rates were among white males; females and nonwhite males had rates with intermediate values, and nonwhite females, the lowest rates. Rates for white males increased up to age 75. All other race-sex groups peaked at much younger ages. An increase in suicide rates over time appeared in those under 25 years, and a slight decline was observed in residents aged 50--74. Age-race-sex-adjusted rates proved relatively stable over the 9 years. Geographically, race-adjusted rates by county varied from calculated expected values, with some suggestion of a pattern for the counties with the highest rates. However, no urban-rural differences were seen. Examination of methods used to commit suicide reveals that firearms were the most common means in all race-sex groups, accounting for 78.7 percent of deaths. The percentage of firearm users was almost identical among white males and white females, differing markedly from the country as a whole. Females of both race groups were more likely to have used poisons than males, but the percentage of those who used poisons was much less than would be expected from national data. This study confirms previous findings of sex and race differentials, rate changes with age, increasing rates in young people, and lower overall rates in the Southeast compared with the entire country. Interpretation of race-sex specific rates, together with suicide methods, lends support to the assertion that suicide rates are independent of methods. Rate trends by age groups over time are believed to have important implications. PMID- 7122826 TI - Induction of cell killing, micronuclei, and mutation to 6-thioguanine resistance after exposure to low-dose-rate gamma rays and tritiated water in cultured mammalian cells (L5178Y). PMID- 7122827 TI - Arrhenius analysis of survival curves from thermotolerant and step-down heated L1A2 cells in vitro. PMID- 7122828 TI - Conditions supporting repair of potentially lethal damage cause a significant reduction of ultraviolet light-induced division delay in synchronized and plateau phase Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. PMID- 7122830 TI - Bromomisonidazole: synthesis and characterization of a new radiosensitizer. PMID- 7122829 TI - Permanence of suppression of the primary immune response in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, sublethally exposed to tritiated water during embryogenesis. PMID- 7122831 TI - Heterogeneity in hyperthermic sensitivities of rat 13762NF mammary adenocarcinoma cell clones of differing metastatic potentials. PMID- 7122832 TI - Radiation damage to membranes of the thermophilic bacterium, Thermus thermophilus HB-8: membrane damage without concomitant lipid peroxidation. PMID- 7122833 TI - Interaction of 144Ce and partial hepatectomy in the production of liver neoplasms in the Chinese hamster. PMID- 7122834 TI - Maximum likelihood estimation of the prevalence of nonlethal neoplasms--an application to radon-daughter inhalation studies. PMID- 7122835 TI - [Change in the electroneutral Ca2+--H+ exchange in rat liver mitochondria following gamma-irradiation]. PMID- 7122836 TI - [Change in the relations of pyrimidine blocks in hematopoietic system DNA immediately after gamma-irradiation]. PMID- 7122837 TI - [Relation between the quantity of sulfhydryl groups and the level of antioxidant activity of organ lipids in individual animals of different species]. PMID- 7122838 TI - [Optimization of conditions for the modified irradiation of cells]. PMID- 7122840 TI - [Modifiability of the yield of point and structural radiation-induced mutations in eukaryotes]. PMID- 7122839 TI - [New aspects of the comparison of cell survival-dose curves (statistical analysis, extrapolation number modification factor)]. PMID- 7122841 TI - [Recovery of hematopoiesis in mice at late periods after prolonged external (137Cs) and internal (3H) radiation]. PMID- 7122842 TI - [Determination of stem cell count from the number of undifferentiated cell colonies in the bone marrow of irradiated animals]. PMID- 7122843 TI - [Molecular mechanisms of interphase death of lymphoid cells. 5. Determination of the lifetime of nuclear and polysome RNAs in irradiated thymocytes]. PMID- 7122844 TI - [Cell dynamics in the lymphoid organs during prolonged administration of tritium oxide in different quantities]. PMID- 7122846 TI - [Effect of intravenous administration of neptunium-237 oxalate on rat gonads and on their progeny]. PMID- 7122845 TI - [Radiobiological effect of alpha-emitting radionuclides incorporated in the lungs. 1. Microdistribution in the lungs of insoluble dusts containing thorium 232]. PMID- 7122849 TI - [Effect of the use of dysentery divaccine as therapy in experimental radiation sickness on the immune response to heterologous antigens]. PMID- 7122847 TI - [Status of lactate dehydrogenase activity in the muscle tissue of irradiated animals]. PMID- 7122848 TI - [Radioprotective effectiveness of a gaseous hypoxic mixture during combination radiation-heat damage in rats]. PMID- 7122850 TI - [Modeling the processes of recovery of cells from radiation damage and principles of effective dose reduction. 2. Model of cell recovery in arbitrary irradiation conditions]. PMID- 7122851 TI - [Chromosome aberrations in myelokaryocytes during longterm exposure to tritium oxide at different dosages]. PMID- 7122853 TI - [Induction of brain tumors in rabbits chronically exposed to local radiation from implanted sources]. PMID- 7122854 TI - [Delayed radiation pathology after irradiation of the abdominal region in rats]. PMID- 7122852 TI - [State of the endocrine system in the progeny of female rats treated with 75Se selenomethionine]. PMID- 7122855 TI - [Equivalent doses, dose rates and times of chronic exposure to ionizing radiation for different mammalian species]. PMID- 7122857 TI - [The combination of computed tomography with sialography to diagnosing lesions of the parotid gland ]. AB - 32 patients with lesions of the parotid region underwent CT-sialography; 7 of these cases were selected to demonstrate the clinical usefulness of this diagnostic method. CT sialography allows to differentiate deep-lobe parotid tumors and parapharyngeal tumors. CT is also very good for estimation of the tumor size, which contributes to therapy planning. Basing on CT findings the operability of malignant tumors can be determined. CT sialography provides valuable information in cases with special diagnostic problems. PMID- 7122856 TI - [Effect of gamma-radiation on the survival of Artemia salina (L)]. PMID- 7122858 TI - [A contribution to the radiological diagnosis and evaluation of activity of fibrous dysplasia of the facial and temporal bones []. PMID- 7122859 TI - Osteomas of the temporal bone . PMID- 7122860 TI - [Computed tomography of the nasopharynx and fossa pterygopalatina ]. AB - CT is--especially since the introduction of thin slice technique--the method of choice for the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal tumors. This method provides better results than the conventional film tomography in determining intracranial tumor extension, osseous destruction of the base of the skull, and involvement of the orbit. Tumor infiltration into the pterygoid fossa is also well seen by the third generation of CT. In particular CT scans are superior to conventional tomography in delineating tumor extension to the parapharyngeal and retromaxillary space as well as in recognition of cervical lymph node involvement. PMID- 7122861 TI - [Cavography and CT for demonstration of canalicular spread of renal neoplasms into the inferior vena cava ]. AB - The venous and lymphogenic tumor extension (Robson, Stage III) was assessed in two patient collectives with renal neoplasms: in the first (n = 47), only cavography, in the second (n = 45), only computerized tomography was performed. For both groups there were no false negative diagnoses. False positive readings can occur with CT. Thus, ambiguous findings in CT should be clarified by cavography. CT was superior to cavography regarding the detection of pathologic lymph nodes. However, lymph node enlargement was caused in 10% of these cases by inflammatory hyperplastic reaction without evidence of metastatic tumor spread. PMID- 7122862 TI - Computed tomographic evaluation of laryngoceles. PMID- 7122863 TI - Metastatic disease and the nonspecific bone scan: value of spinal computed tomography. AB - Three cases are presented in which there were nonspecific bone scans and normal radiographs and in which spinal computed tomography (CT) demonstrated metastases. In each case, CT provided data that were crucial to patient management. Spinal CT offers important advantages, but further investigation is needed to determine whether it should be the procedure of choice in cases of scan-positive, radiograph-negative spinal foci of unknown etiology. PMID- 7122864 TI - Barium enema examination following biopsy of the rectum or colon. AB - A four-component study was designated to evaluate the possible risk of perforation during barium enema examination following biopsy of the rectum or colon. The study included a survey of gastrointestinal radiologists, an in vitro study of pig colons after biopsy, colon pressure measurements in human subjects, and histological analysis of human colonoscopic biopsy specimens. The results suggest that superficial biopsy of the rectum of colon performed with small colonoscopic forceps is a safe procedure and no waiting period is necessary before performing a barium enema study. However, biopsy of the colon or rectum with proctoscopic forceps appears to have greater potential for perforation and a waiting period between biopsy and barium enema study is recommended. Radiologists should distinguish between proctoscopic and colonoscopic biopsy procedures before determining when a barium enema study will be performed following biopsy. PMID- 7122865 TI - Sonographic findings in acute emphysematous cholecystitis. AB - Ultrasound findings in 2 cases of acute emphysematous cholecystitis are described. Reverberations were demonstrated within the acoustical shadow produced by gas in the gallbladder. Since reverberations are rarely seen within shadows produced by gallstones, a "reverberation shadow" arising from the gallbladder (in the absence of a biliary-enteric anastomosis or fistula) should suggest emphysematous cholecystitis; however, the diagnosis should be confirmed by abdominal radiography. PMID- 7122866 TI - Real-time ultrasonography of subcarinal bronchogenic cysts in two children. PMID- 7122867 TI - Sonographic findings in hepatic amebic abscess. AB - Sonograms of 143 hepatic amebic abscesses in 106 patients were analyzed retrospectively. A strongly suggestive but not pathognomonic pattern was noted in 54 abscesses (37.8%), consisting of (a) lack of significant wall echoes, (b) a round or oval configuration, (c) less echogenicity than the normal parenchyma, with fine, homogeneous low-level echoes throughout at high gain, (d) a location contiguous to the liver capsule, and (e) distal sonic enhancement. Most other hepatic abscesses (53.1%) had all but one or two of these features. Thirteen patients (9%) had bizarre sonographic findings. Peripheral or central areas of increased echogenicity occurred more frequently than previously reported. At normal gain settings, most lesions (53.8%) were predominantly anechoic. The above pattern and trans-diaphragmatic pleural involvement were helpful in the diagnosis. PMID- 7122868 TI - Sonographic demonstration of the right paramediastinal pleural space. PMID- 7122869 TI - Ultrasonic evaluation of postventricular shunt dynamics in infants and young children. AB - Two-dimensional echoencephalography provides a noninvasive method of monitoring the response of hydrocephalus to shunting in young children and of detecting complications of shunting. In this study an average of 74% of the decrease of ventricular size seen within the first six postoperative days had occurred by the first postoperative day. An average of 49% of the eventual decrease in ventriculography size occurred within the first postoperative week. The most helpful scans in the early postoperative period were obtained on the first postoperative day and again in the latter half of the first week. A clear departure from the usual pattern may indicate children at particular risk for significant shunt-related problems. While shunt failure was the most common complication, others such as mantle collapse with subdural hygromas, subgaleal fluid collections, loculations secondary to fibrous adhesions, and arachnoid cysts can be clearly defined. PMID- 7122871 TI - Ultrasonic characteristics of posterior urethral valves. AB - Thickening of the bladder wall and dilatation of the prostatic urethra can be shown by ultrasound in infants with posterior urethral valves. This can be helpful in the diagnosis of hydroureter. Marked hypertrophy of the bladder muscle can appear as solid echogenic mass and simulate a pelvic tumor. Ultrasonic findings in 5 infants with posterior urethral valves are reviewed. PMID- 7122870 TI - Echogenic clot: a useful sign of pelvic hemoperitoneum. AB - The sonograms of 34 patients with surgically proved pelvic hemoperitoneum were reviewed. In 15 of these patients clotted blood was found at surgery in the pelvis or cul-de-sac. In nine of these patients (60%), ultrasound demonstrated echogenic fluid collections or "masses" with an echogenicity equal to or greater than the uterus. Because anechoic fluid in the pelvis is a nonspecific finding, awareness that clotted blood can be highly echogenic may be of considerable value in the differential diagnosis of pelvic fluid collections. The limitations and pitfalls in interpreting this finding are discussed. PMID- 7122872 TI - Ultrasonic diagnosis of primary hyperoxaluria in infancy. PMID- 7122876 TI - The influence of modulation transfer function shape on computed tomographic image quality. AB - The influence of modulation transfer function (MTF) shape on computed tomographic (CT) image quality was studied by computer simulation of a recently proposed x ray detector with a nonuniform, shaped response to radiation. The shaped detector, while maintaining a high value of limiting spatial resolution, was shown to depress MTF and signal-to-noise ratio values at moderate spatial frequencies. This led to a significant loss of sharpness on noise-free images. Despite a superior radiation dose capture efficiency in the shaped detector, the MTF suppression was shown to produce inferior visibility of 1.0-mm objects in an image with typical CT noise. The significance for clinical imaging of the MTF suppression was demonstrated using a scan of a human head. The implication is that better methods than those currently used are needed for evaluating CT image quality. PMID- 7122875 TI - Work in progress. The anal canal: distinction of internal hemorrhoids from small cancers by double-contrast barium enema examination. AB - Sixty-six patients with normal anal canals, 66 patients with internal hemorrhoids, and 6 patients with small cancers in the anal canal were examined by double-contrast barium enema examination. Internal hemorrhoids appeared as single nodules in 3 patients, multiple nodules in 59 patients, a polypoid mass in 3 patients, and a varicoid mass in 1 patient. Small cancers appeared as slightly irregular polypoid masses in 5 patients and as a plaque-like lesion in 1 patient. The sensitivity for detecting internal hemorrhoids was 83%, the specificity was 88%, and the overall accuracy was 86%. The sensitivity for detecting small cancers in the anal canal was 83% and the specificity was 98%. Internal hemorrhoids and small cancers in the anal canal can be easily detected and distinguished from one another by double-contrast barium enema examination. PMID- 7122874 TI - Combined ultrasound and radiation therapy treatment of human superficial tumors. AB - Ultrasound, used to generate local tumor hyperthermia, was combined with radiation therapy in a pilot study to determine efficacy and toxicity of this combined-modality therapy. Twenty-one lesions in eighteen patients were treated at graded doses from 2400-4000 rads (24-40 Gy) with ultrasonic hyperthermia administered immediately prior to irradiation at 43.5 degrees C +/- 0.5 degrees C for one hour. The overall response rate was 100%, with a 62% complete response rate. Of those lesions that responded completely and were followed for periods of three to twenty-two months, there have been no recurrences of the lesions treated with the combined modalities. The response rate for control unheated lesions in the same patient in the same radiation field was markedly lower (30% overall and no complete responses). Heat treatment alone in the same patients also showed lower response rates (50% overall and 10% complete) with a short response duration. Toxicities were minimal, consisting of one case with long-term treatment-associated sequelae. It is concluded that this combined modality of therapy is safe and effective where applied in human superficial tumors and that further development is warranted. PMID- 7122873 TI - Imaging of acute arterial injury with 111In-labeled platelets: a comparison with scanning electron micrographs. AB - The relationship between degree of acute arterial injury, extent of platelet deposition, and ability to visualize arterial injury with Indium 111-labeled platelets was studied in 18 rabbits. An aortic lesion was made with a balloon catheter in each animal immediately after injection of autologously labeled platelets. Three nonlesioned rabbits with 111In-labeled platelets served as controls. An additional control study was performed in 12 lesioned rabbits in which nine were injected with 111In-labeled plasma protein and three with 111In labeled red blood cells. A postmortem scanning electron microscope study of the aortae was made to determine the degree of injury to the intima and the amount of platelet deposition on the damaged arterial wall. The radionuclide scans and scanning electron micrographs were then compared. Lesions were seen in ten of 18 animals with labeled platelets that had extensive regions of denuded endothelium covered by a contiguous layer of platelets. Lesions consisting of patchy deendothelialization and platelet deposition could not be visualized on the scans. Red blood cells and fibrin were not conspicuous on micrographs of the lesions. No lesions were visualized in animals receiving 111In-labeled plasma protein or red blood cells before arterial injury, despite platelet deposition in the lesions. PMID- 7122877 TI - Gated multiplanar cardiac computed tomography. AB - Multiplanar reformatting was combined with electrocardiographically gated computed tomography (CT) to provide a three-dimensional assessment of the beating heart of a live dog. Separate systolic and diastolic images were made in transverse, sagittal, coronal, and paraxial views. Three-dimensional contour images that outlined the cardiac chambers and the myocardium were then made using a separate research computer. This three-dimensional appreciation of cardiac morphology could be extended to assess regional function. Practical problems that limit the application of these methods are discussed, along with the proposed solutions. PMID- 7122878 TI - Double-contrast esophagography. PMID- 7122879 TI - Metrizamide myelography with complex-motion tomography. PMID- 7122880 TI - Replacing blocked or dislodged percutaneous nephrostomy and ureteral stent catheters. PMID- 7122881 TI - A support device for obtaining direct coronal computed-tomographic scans of the pelvis and lower abdomen. PMID- 7122882 TI - Experimental canine hepatic artery embolization with polyvinyl alcohol foam particles. AB - Segmental and complete hepatic artery embolization with Ivalon (polyvinyl alcohol) particles (0.25 to 1 mm) was performed in 12 dogs to evaluate hepatic function alterations and histopathological changes. In dogs undergoing segmental embolization, liver function alterations were minimal and the liver was normal, both grossly and microscopically, at autopsy. In dogs undergoing complete hepatic embolization, only two had significant elevation of SGOT and alkaline phosphatase levels, which normalized in 2 and 4 weeks; one of these two dogs also had an elevated bilirubin level. A focal hepatic infarct was observed both grossly and microscopically in one dog and only microscopically in four dogs. Two dogs died of pancreatic abscess due to unintentional pancreatic embolization. The study suggested that segmental embolization with Ivalon particles was well tolerated by dogs, and complete hepatic embolization resulted in hepatic function changes and focal infarction comparable with Gelfoam embolization. PMID- 7122883 TI - Computed tomography guided localization of clinically occult breast carcinoma- the "N" skin guide. PMID- 7122884 TI - Differentiation of the gallbladder from the duodenum on cholescintigrams by dynamic display. PMID- 7122885 TI - Study of the characteristics of iridium-192 wire used in interstitial implants. PMID- 7122886 TI - Risk prevention, quality assurance, and the missed diagnosis conference. PMID- 7122887 TI - Analysis of the combined effects of certificate-of-need legislation and changes in the granting of hospital privileges. PMID- 7122888 TI - 67Ga scanning and upper gastrointestinal series for gastric lymphomas. PMID- 7122889 TI - Workup of adenocarcinoma of unknown primary site. PMID- 7122890 TI - Emergency room radiography of asthma: an efficacy study. AB - The chest radiographs of asthmatic patients in an emergency room setting over a four-year period were reviewed. A total of 997 radiographs was reviewed; radiographic findings were compared with history and clinical data. In adults 2.2% of the radiographs were abnormal; in children 13%. It is concluded that a chest radiograph in adults in unnecessary unless the patient is unresponsive to bronchodilators and is being admitted to the hospital. In children, however, if rales and rhonchi are present, in addition to wheezing, a chest radiograph may be useful. PMID- 7122891 TI - The sacral arcuate lines in upper sacral fractures. AB - The anteroposterior radiographs of 50 patients with multiple fractures of the pelvic ring were analyzed and the findings compared with the interpretation made at the time of admission. Thirty-six of the 50 patients (72%) had associated sacral fractures. Sixty-one percent of the sacral fractures had been missed on the initial examination. Disruption, displacement, deformity, and density changes of the sacral arcuate lines are described as signs of sacral fracture. PMID- 7122892 TI - Severe sclerosis of the long bodies in sickle cell anemia. AB - In reviewing the radiographs of 102 patients with known sickle cell anemia, a 7% incidence (seven patients) of severe long-bone sclerosis was found. Of the affected patients 50% had homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease and 50% had sickle cell-hemoglobin C (SC) or S-thalassemia disease. No distinguishing radiographic features were found between these two groups. Those patients with SS disease and long-bone sclerosis were younger, had lower hemoglobin levels, and many more hospital admissions than those with SC or S-thalassemia disease and long-bone sclerosis. A review of the medical charts of these osteosclerotic patients with SS disease showed a probable positive correlation between infarctive episodes and hospital admissions in these patients. Therefore, patients with SS disease and severe long-bone sclerosis are seen much more frequently by the radiologist than those with SC or S-thalassemia and long-bone changes. These observations help negate any impression that severe long-bone sclerosis occurs frequently in and has a predilection for patients with homozygous SS disease. PMID- 7122893 TI - Effects of needle aspiration on the mammographic appearance of the breast: a guide to the proper timing of the mammography examination. PMID- 7122894 TI - Early mechanism of action of arterially infused alcohol U.S.P. in renal devitalization. PMID- 7122896 TI - Iopamidol: a non-ionic contrast agent for peripheral arteriography. AB - Ten patients undergoing peripheral arteriography with iopamidol were evaluated in a carefully controlled Phase I study using a variety of objective and subjective tests of discomfort. There was minimal objective evidence of pain, and the patients reported that they perceived minor discomfort and a warm sensation during the contrast injections. Five patients who had previously undergone arteriography using 2 mg of lidocaine per ml of methylglucamine diatrizoate noted a marked decrease in discomfort when iopamidol was used. Opacification of peripheral arteries was excellent. Multiple physical examinations, chemical tests, electrocardiograms, and intra-arterial pressure recordings showed that iopamidol is safe. PMID- 7122897 TI - Study of safety and tolerance of iopamidol in peripheral arteriography. AB - Iopamidol, a non-ionic contrast agent, was evaluated during peripheral arteriography in 10 patients. All reported a sensation of warmth during injection. One described the procedure as moderately painful. All objectively tolerated the injections well, and there were no significant changes in clinical or laboratory findings. Vessel opacification was good to excellent in all cases. The authors suggest that non-ionic contrast agents replace ionic agents for peripheral arteriography. PMID- 7122895 TI - Fallopian tube occlusion rings: a consideration in the differential diagnosis of ureteral calculi. PMID- 7122898 TI - Retroperitoneal fibrosis in children. PMID- 7122899 TI - Computed tomography of the medulla. AB - The medulla was studied in cadavers and in 100 patients both with and without the intrathecal administration of contrast material. The computed tomographic (CT) anatomy was correlated with the appearance of anatomic dissections. The pyramids, olives, and inferior cerebellar peduncles produced characteristic contours on cross sections of the medulla. The hypoglossal nerve by its location and course in the medullary cistern could be distinguished from the glossopharyngeal, vagal, and spinal accessory nerves. For optimal evaluation of the medulla, intrathecal administration of metrizamide and 5- and/or 1.5-mm-thick axial and coronal sections are recommended. PMID- 7122900 TI - Computed tomography of tumors involving the atria of the lateral ventricles. AB - Computed tomograms, angiograms, and operative findings in 18 intra-atrial and 6 para-atrial lateral ventricle tumors were reviewed. Intra-atrial tumors were characteristically homogeneous, with an intraluminal mass effect. The benign types engulfed the choroid glomus; on angiography, the choroidal arteries were enlarged, with a definite tumor blush. Intra-atrial tumors without choroid involvement were usually gliomas. Para-atrial tumors had a low-density center on CT scans (in adults) with an extraluminal mass effect, displaced the glomus, and were avascular on angiography. They were low-grade gliomas in adults and ependymoblastomas in children. Forty non-atrial paraventricular and intraventricular masses were also reviewed. In general, an intraventricular, homogeneous mass which engulfs the choroid glomus on CT and has a significant choroidal artery supply on angiography is of choroidal origin and likely to be benign. PMID- 7122901 TI - The effect of short-term corticosteroid treatment on the CT appearance of experimental brain abscesses. AB - The effect of short-term corticosteroid treatment on contrast enhancement was investigated in an experimental brain abscess model. The degree of enhancement was reduced in the cerebritis stage, unaffected in the capsule stage, and intermediate in the transitional stage. The area and pattern of enhancement were also altered in the cerebritis stage. Although the magnitude of the entire cerebritis time-density curve (extended for 60 minutes) was decreased by the steroids, its configuration was unchanged. Prior to steroid administration, the 10- and 60-minute components of the curve discriminated between cerebritis and capsule stages, with the latter exhibiting a far lower 60-minute value. Implications for treatment of brain abscesses are discussed. PMID- 7122902 TI - The effect of clinical bias on the interpretation of myelography and spinal computed tomography. AB - Spinal computed tomograms and myelograms of 107 patients with sciatica or low back pain were interpreted with and without knowledge of clinical history. A significant number of interpretations was changed by knowledge of the clinical history. More studies were interpreted correctly without the clinical history than with it. Knowledge of the clinical history increased the number of false positive and decreased the number of false-negative diagnoses. This study suggests a tendency of observers to interpret questionable myelographic or computed tomographic findings as positive when they correlate with clinical findings. PMID- 7122903 TI - A prospective comparison of the evaluation of biliary obstruction using computed tomography and ultrasonography. AB - A total of 103 consecutive patients with suspected biliary obstruction were studied using both computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound (US) to evaluate the relative accuracy of the methods. In 47 patients with confirmed obstruction, CT and US were comparable accurate in differentiating obstruction from nonobstruction. The precise level of obstruction was identified by CT in 88% and by US in 60%; the cause of obstruction was accurately predicted by CT in 70% and by US in 38%. Both methods detected useful additional information, such as cholelithiasis or retroperitoneal adenopathy. The authors use US as a screening examination; if there is doubt about the level and cause of sonographically demonstrated obstruction, CT has proved to be an accurate means of further evaluation. PMID- 7122904 TI - Computed tomography of leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava. PMID- 7122908 TI - The effect of leukotriene C4 and D4 on cutaneous blood flow in humans. AB - Using a laser-Doppler-flowmeter the microvascular response to LTC4 and LTD4 was measured. Intradermal injection of 1 microgram LTC4 and LTD4 caused an increase in the microvascular cutaneous bloodflow. The increase in flow was equal to that caused by histamine in equimolar amounts. Blocking the triple-response did not change the response. The values measured after injection of histamine and leucotrienes were about 10-15 times the values found in undisturbed skin and represents probably a maximally dilated vascular bed. Injection of the leucotrienes caused a slight sensation of pain. PMID- 7122909 TI - Effect of progesterone on the spontaneous motility and prostaglandin synthesis in uterine horns isolated from ovariectomized rats. PMID- 7122905 TI - Phospholipase A2 activity in the rat uterus: modulation by steroid hormones. AB - Phospholipase A2 (PLA2), an enzyme which provides free arachidonic acid for the synthesis of prostaglandins (PG), has been studied in the rat uterus under various experimental conditions. Uterine PLA2 activity increased 14 fold in hypophysectomized rats implanted with Silastic capsules containing estradiol-17 beta as compared to those treated with oil vehicle. Dexamethasone treatment reduced the PLA2 activity induced by estrogen by 78%. Hypophysectomized animals treated with progesterone (2mg/day) for 5 days had low levels of uterine PLA2 activity but a single injection of estradiol (10 micrograms/rat) given 24 h after the last injection of progesterone increased activity 5 fold within 12 h. Administration of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide in the rats treated with progesterone, before and after injection of estradiol, prevented the stimulating action of the estrogen on PLA2 activity. If the estrogen was given at the time of the last injection of progesterone, PLA2 activity did not increase until 22 h late and the level was much less than when progesterone was absent. The results are consistent with the view that estrogen stimulates uterine prostaglandin production because of its effect upon PLA2; this effect can be greatly reduced by a glucocorticoid. Progesterone may modulate the PLA2 stimulating effect of estrogen in order to direct the production of specific PGs by regulating the amount of arachidonic acid available for PG synthetase. PMID- 7122907 TI - Reduction of the effects of diuretics or sodium chloride loading in the conscious rat by inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis. AB - In conscious rats pretreatment with indomethacin or flurbiprofen, two chemically unrelated inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis, reduced urine volume and sodium excretion induced by four diuretics, acetazolamide, amiloride, bendrofluazide and frusemide, or oral sodium chloride loads. The maximum reduction in sodium excretion was limited to approximately 2 mmol/kg Na+ even when sodium excretion was greatly increased. In contrast these inhibitors did not appreciably affect potassium excretion. These results indicate that part of the natriuretic response in the rat to highly and moderately efficacious diuretics and to sodium chloride loading is modified by prostaglandins. We suggest that the lack of effects on potassium excretion indicate that the collecting tubule is the probable site of action. PMID- 7122910 TI - Possible involvement of thromboxane in bronchoconstrictive and hypertensive effects of LTC4 and LTD4 in guinea pigs. AB - The actions of leukotriene (LT) C4 and D4 on the systemic arterial pressure and the insufflation pressure in guinea pigs and rabbits were examined. In guinea pigs, 0.3 - 3 nmole/kg of LTC4 and 0.1 - 1.0 nmole/kg of LTD4 administrated from left jugular vein caused dose-dependent increase of the airway resistance measured by the Konzett-Rossler method and a triphasic blood pressure response; an initial hypotension, a secondary hypertension and a third long-lasting hypotension. All of the hypertensive phase and 100 - 150% of the increase of the airway resistance by LTC4 and LTD4 were inhibited by a selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, OKY-1581 (10 mg/kg, i.v.) and only the hypotension was observed. Indomethacin (10 mg/kg, i.p.) also inhibited not only the airway resistance increase, but also the prolonged hypotension by LTC4 and shortened the duration of the hypotension by LTD4. It is suggested that thromboxane might be involved in bronchoconstriction and hypertensive effects by LTC4 and LTD4 and that hypotensive prostaglandin might be involved in the hypotensive phase after LTC4 and LTD4. In rabbits, the increase of the airway resistance by LTC4 and LTD4 (upto 100 nmole/kg, i.v.) was negligible and only the hypotension was observed. PMID- 7122906 TI - Early pregnancy-abortion model using sulprostone. AB - Sulprostone has been demonstrated to be effective as a parenteral abortifacient, but not as a vaginal suppository. A vaginal preparation was given to 19 women to determine its mechanism of action, and to confirm the principle of uterine conversion as a biological model for the induction of an early abortion. The drug was administered to women with confirmed pregnancies and amenorrhea and not exceeding 49 days. A 95% success rate was obtained with an incidence of drug related side effects of 20% as opposed to the general 80-90% figure of PGE2 and F2a. The hormone profile obtained revealed a parallel fall in hCG and estradiol, and progesterone. This study confirms the value of uterine conversion, a concept that describes the change in uterine reactivity following PG administration and determines the phase when uterine activity is no longer dependent on exogenous oxytocic medication. PMID- 7122914 TI - [Text structure and interpretation]. PMID- 7122916 TI - [Enzymatic diagnostics of atherosclerotic diseases of the circulatory system]. PMID- 7122915 TI - [The therapist as victim and agent of scientific relations. The dialogue between psychoanalysis and behavior therapy]. PMID- 7122913 TI - Blastocyst is the source of prostaglandins in the implantation site in the rabbit. AB - The levels of prostaglandins (PGs) were measured by radioimmunoassay in the interimplantation and the implantation sites as well as in the implantation site without the blastocyst in the rabbit on day 7 of pregnancy (168 h post coitum). The concentrations of PGs were also determined in the blastocyst (PGF:101.59+/ 4.33 and PGE-A:29.74+/-3.11 ng/blastocyst, n=6) and the blastocoel fluid (PGF:253.55+/-39.56 and PGE-A:83.29+/-6.60 ng/100 microliters, n=4) on day 7. The levels of both PGF and PGE-A were significantly higher in the implantation site as compared to interimplantation site (PGF:73.63+/-6.68 vs. 0.59+/-0.21 and PGE A:25.52+/-3.30 vs. 1.22+/-0.18 ng/100 mg wet weight, n=8). The removal of the blastocyst from the implantation site drastically reduced the concentrations of PGs in this site (PGF:8.71+/-2.80 and PGE-A:1.64+/-0.12 ng/100 mg wet weight, n=8). The results provide evidence that the blastocyst is the major source of PGs which contribute to the high concentration in the implantation site in the rabbit. PMID- 7122911 TI - Inhibition of phospholipase A2 activity by Fluosol, an artificial blood substitute. AB - This paper describes the effect of Fluosol on phospholipase A2 activity both in vitro and in vivo. This compound inhibited both postheparin plasma and hepatic phospholipase A2 activities. Furthermore, in Fluosol transfused rats the postheparin plasma phospholipase A2 activity was 41% below that observed in control animals. The inhibition of phospholipase A2 activity was due to the micellar forms of pluoronic, F-68, a detergent present in Fluosol. It is postulated that the inhibition of phospholipase A2 activity by Fluosol might interfere with the release of arachidonic acid, a substrate used in biosynthesis of prostaglandins. PMID- 7122912 TI - A comparative study of collagen induced thromboxane release from platelets of different species: implications for human atherosclerosis models. AB - The role of thromboxane in human, rabbit, dog, pig and sheep platelet aggregation has been studied. Each of these species showed a concentration-dependent relationship between collagen concentrations and the thromboxane B2 (TXB2) released from aggregating platelets, however sheep platelets produced only 17.5% of the amount of TXB2 released from human platelets under the same collagen stimulus. Indomethacin did not inhibit sheep platelet aggregation in the concentration range 0.114 mM - 0.114 muM, yet proved to be a potent inhibitor of human platelet aggregation. The prostaglandin endoperoxide analogue, U.46619, induced human platelet aggregation at a dose of 100 ng, however the analogue, at doses as high as 500 micrograms was much less active on sheep platelets when compared to human platelets. Thus we have demonstrated that there are differences in the extent of thromboxane involvement in platelet aggregation between different species, which must be considered with other criteria, before choosing an animal model for studying human atherosclerosis. PMID- 7122917 TI - [The horseshoe kidney]. PMID- 7122918 TI - [Effect of essential unsaturated fatty acids diet on selected indices of lipid metabolism in children with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7122919 TI - [Epidemiology and diagnosis of arterial hypertension in the highly industrialized region of Upper Silesia. I. prevelance of arterial hypertension in the population of a highly industrialized and a not industrialized region]. PMID- 7122920 TI - [The evaluation of gastric secretion tests in patients with various diseases of the stomach and duodenum]. PMID- 7122921 TI - [Evaluation of disorders in carbohydrate, lipid metabolism and thyroid function in population of working 40--59 years old males]. PMID- 7122922 TI - [Clinically significant interaction between the new diuretic--tienienilic acid and the antithrombotic drugs, derivatives of coumarin]. PMID- 7122923 TI - [The leukoconcentrate treatment of infectious-inflammatory complications in patients with spontaneous and symptomatic granulocytopenia]. PMID- 7122924 TI - [Tumorous actinomycosis of the abdomen with a foreign body (a bone)]. PMID- 7122925 TI - [Immunoblastic lymphadenopathy]. PMID- 7122926 TI - Atropine depresses release of neurotensin and its effect on the exocrine pancreas. AB - In this study the effect of 10 and 20 micrograms . kg-1 . h-1 atropine sulfate on release and pancreatic effects of neurotensin was studied in 4 dogs. Neurotensin plasma levels rose significantly when a liquid fat preparation was infused intraduodenally. This rise was almost completely abolished by simultaneous infusion of atropine. Atropine further suppressed basal and fat-stimulated output of pancreatic volume, protein, and bicarbonate; it also reduced pancreatic secretion stimulated by an intravenous infusion of low doses (2.5 to 20 pmol . kg 1 . min-1) neurotensin. The effect of higher doses (80 and 240 pmol . kg-1 . min 1 of neurotensin was less affected. As neurotensin plasma levels in contrast to normal oral feeding did not rise after sham feeding, our findings suggest that release and action of neurotensin may at least in part be dependent on a cholinergic, non-cephalic mechanism. PMID- 7122929 TI - [Comparative study between interscalenar and supraclavicular nerve block for the reposition of humero-scapular luxations]. AB - We report experiences in 39 patients, on whom we carried out nerve blocks for shoulder reduction. In 20 cases we used the method described by Kulenkampff and in 19 cases we used the method described by Winnie. Both methods are described. In 7 patients the nerve block had to be complemented with analgetics. There were no relevant clinical complications in our study. Because of possible serious incidents in both methods, a technical procedure and strict control of the patient should be observed. PMID- 7122927 TI - Effects of dermorphin on gastrointestinal transit in rats. AB - The effects of subcutaneous (s.c.) and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of dermorphin on gastric emptying and intestinal transit were studied in rats. Dermorphin injected i.c.v. delayed gastric emptying and this effect was dose-dependent. I.c.v. injections of dermorphin also inhibited intestinal transit but a dose level 5 to 10 times higher than that active on gastric emptying was required. Subcutaneous injections of dermorphin also inhibited gastrointestinal transit but inhibition of the two functions never exceeded 60%. The effect of i.c.v. and s.c. doses of dermorphin was antagonized by a 1 mg . kg-1 dose of naloxone s.c. The data suggest the possibility that dermorphin could affect gastrointestinal transit through an action on central and peripheral opiate receptors. PMID- 7122928 TI - Effects of caerulein on rat small and large intestinal fluid transport in vivo. AB - We have examined the effect of caerulein on intestinal fluid transport in vivo. Rat jejunal, ileal, and colonic segments were perfused with a physiologic buffer for a 60-min control period, followed by a 60-min period after caerulein, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), or saline (0.9%, w/v) were given by intramuscular (i.m) injection. At a dose of 5 micrograms/kg caerulein had no effect on ileal fluid transport. Lower doses of caerulein (300 ng and 1 microgram/kg) also had no effect. PGE2 significantly (P less than 0.05) inhibited net ileal absorption by 94 +/- 24% from pre-dose levels. Caerulein (300 ng/kg) had no effect (P greater than 0.05) on jejunal or colonic fluid transport. Intestinal fluid accumulation assessed by the 'enteropooling' assay did not increase after 30 ng or 1 microgram/kg of caerulein, whereas in animals given PGE2 of (5 mg/kg) the fluid accumulation more than doubled (P less than 0.001): control 1.59 +/- 0.15 ml; cerulein (1 microgram/kg) 1.36 +/- 0.20 ml; and PGE2 4.7 +/- 0.50 ml. Serum levels of caerulein (after a 1 microgram/kg dose), measured by radioimmunoassay, were elevated up to 30 min after i.m. injection. The data indicate that caerulein has no direct effect on rat small or large intestinal fluid transport. PMID- 7122930 TI - [Prospective comparative study of postspinal headaches in young patients (less than 51 years)]. AB - 1.009 patients (less than 51 years) were investigated for the frequency of postspinal headaches developing when using different types of needles (22 G and 25 G with Quincke-cut and 22 G Whitacre-needle). It was shown, as expected, that puncture with the smaller needles caused with 6% only about half as many headaches as did taps with the two bigger types of needles, which did not demonstrate any statistical difference between each other. After classifying the complaints as doubtful and definite postspinal headaches the rates of real headaches of the total series was about 5%. The highest frequency of complaints was reported by female patients in the 5th decade. An increase with lesser age was not noticed. Technical difficulties associated with spinal puncture were of almost no importance in influencing the rate of headaches. Definite bloody taps were associated with significantly higher complaint rates. The drugs used (mepivacaine and bupivacaine) did not appear to have any influence. An advantage of the more expensive Whitacre-needle is not seen except in patients with disturbances of coagulation factors. PMID- 7122931 TI - [Experiences with a method of continuous brachial plexus blockade following melanoma perfusion of an upper extremity]. AB - A method of continuous brachial plexus blockade by an epidural catheter is reported. This kind of postoperative analgesia was applied to 10 patients over a period of 2-3 days after hyperthermic melanoma perfusion of the upper extremities. A sufficient analgetic effect was obtained by intermittent injection of local anesthetics. PMID- 7122933 TI - [Intravenous galactose overload test in acute alcoholic hepatitis]. PMID- 7122932 TI - [Infiltration block of the coeliac plexus using a plastic catheter]. AB - Nine patients suffered from intractable pain that was not relieved by analgesic medication. All had cancer of the stomach or pancreas. The coeliac plexus was approached from the back, two long Teflon catheters being directed onto the appropriate ganglia under x-ray control. When the catheters were correctly positioned, under continuous aspiration we administered via each catheter 25 ml of Xylocaine 0.5-0.8%. The successful and uneventful trial was followed with injection of an equal volume of 25 ml 50% alcohol through each catheter on the next day. In eight patients pain ceased completely while the ninth presented a 50% improvement. In the last five patients alcohol was injected 2 to 3 hours after the injection of the local anesthetic. We had a postspinal headache from accidental puncture of the dura mater, and a mild toxic reaction to Xylocaine. Also three patients presented hypotension after the Xylocaine was administered. PMID- 7122937 TI - [Osteogenesis imperfecta tarda]. PMID- 7122936 TI - [Calcitonin as a tumor marker. I. Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid]. PMID- 7122935 TI - [Diagnosis of acute generalized tetanus using total CPK values. Prognostic developmental correlates]. PMID- 7122934 TI - [Bronchofibroscopy in the diagnosis of bronchopulmonary neoplasms]. PMID- 7122938 TI - [Sarcomas of the esophagus]. PMID- 7122939 TI - [Tonsillar tuberculosis. Apropos of 3 cases]. PMID- 7122940 TI - [Pleural effusion in liver cirrhosis with ascites]. PMID- 7122941 TI - [Hepatic abscesses in 2 cases of great clinical significance]. PMID- 7122943 TI - [A little recognized neurological syndrome: paralysis of the 6th pair and Bernard Horner syndrome caused by traumatic intracavernous lesions]. PMID- 7122942 TI - [Acute alcoholic cholestasis]. PMID- 7122944 TI - [Inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone secretion syndrome associated with acute pneumonia]. PMID- 7122946 TI - [Indium-111. A new diagnostic possibility in looking for hidden abscesses]. PMID- 7122945 TI - [Calcitonin as a tumor marker. II. Calcitonin in non-thyroid tumors]. PMID- 7122947 TI - [Trichinosis. Study of 21 cases appearing in the same outbreak]. PMID- 7122952 TI - [Clinico-surgical aspects of achalasia of the cardia]. PMID- 7122951 TI - [Surgical treatment of hepatic hydatid cyst]. PMID- 7122949 TI - [Work absenteeism and diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7122950 TI - [Hepatic granulomatosis. Etiologic, clinical and biological study of 53 cases]. PMID- 7122948 TI - [Effect of a diet supplemented with unsaturated fatty acids (Arachis hypogaea: peanuts) on blood coagulation]. PMID- 7122954 TI - [Gastric emptying after proximal gastric vagotomy]. PMID- 7122953 TI - [Reflux esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus]. PMID- 7122955 TI - [Changes caused by a vasopressor agent in the splanchnic vascular area. Effect of route of administration. Experimental study]. PMID- 7122956 TI - [Prophylactic antibiotic therapy in colon surgery]. PMID- 7122957 TI - [Blind loop syndrome following ileotransversostomy in a patient with actinic ileitis]. PMID- 7122962 TI - [Non-reabsorbable suture material as an etiologic factor in ulcers at the line of suture]. PMID- 7122958 TI - [Proximal duodenal obstruction caused by biliary calculi]. PMID- 7122961 TI - [Comments on total 3-stage esophagectomy using the McKeown technic]. PMID- 7122959 TI - [Traumatic pancreatic pseudocyst in childhood]. PMID- 7122963 TI - [Villous tumors of the colon and rectum]. PMID- 7122960 TI - [Abdomino-pelvic actinomycosis associated with an intrauterine device. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7122964 TI - [Surgical aspects of complicated hepatic hydatidosis]. PMID- 7122965 TI - [Reoperation on the bile ducts]. PMID- 7122968 TI - [Pancreatic cystadenoma. Diagnosis by computerized tomography]. PMID- 7122967 TI - [Serous or biliary (non-parasitic) cysts of the liver]. PMID- 7122966 TI - [Acute idiopathic Budd-Chiari syndrome with thrombosis of the inferior vena cava and unusual clinical and analytical features]. PMID- 7122969 TI - Glucose effect on PDt in rat and laying-hen small intestine both in presence and absence of calcium. AB - The effect on the transmural potential from adding glucose under different conditions of sodium and calcium has been studied in rat and laying-hen intestine in vitro with the technique for measuring Transmural Potential Difference. The glucose, in sodium-free mediums, has no effect on the Transmural Potential Difference in rat intestine, whether calcium be present or absent. As to hen intestine, the PDt increased when calcium is present in the medium, both in the absence and presence of sodium. Glucose absorption was also determined in vivo by using mediums with/without calcium. In rat intestine glucose absorption was not affected by the presence of calcium, while its presence enhanced glucose absorption in hen intestine. PMID- 7122970 TI - Influence of perfusion rate on the kinetics of intestinal sugar absorption in rats and hamsters in vivo. AB - The effect of perfusion rate (PR) on the apparent glucose and galactose-influx kinetics of rat and hamster jejunum in vivo has been studied. Total absorption (V) and absorption in the presence of 0.5 mM phloridzin (VD) were measured in consecutive periods of 1 minute, and their difference (VT = V - VD) was taken as the mediated transport rate. PR values were 2.8, 5,6, 13.5 or 18.5 ml.min-1, and the sugar concentrations in the perfusion solution (So) were 2, 5 and 10 mM. Plots of 1/VT versus 1/So for the different PR intercept the ordinate axis at the same point, yielding a common Vmax for the same animal species and sugar. From the slopes, apparent K'm values are obtained and apparent mass-transfer coefficients (K'D) for the diffusion component are calculated (VD/So) as well. When the PR increases, K'n decreases, while K'D increases. A simplified model based on the assumption of a steady-state in which diffusion across unstirred water layers (UWL) equals the sum of a passive and a carrier mediated non-passive transepithelial transfer, acceptably accounts for the results. When taking a "true" Km values the lowest ones reported in the literature, it is possible to obtain the sugar concentration at the enterocyte membrane (Sm), the effective UWL thickness (delta) and the "true" mass-transfer coefficient (KD). So/Sm ratios and delta values decrease as PR increases, accounting for the biased K'm and K'D values. As it was expected, KD did not change significantly by modifying PR. Depending on sugar concentration, the passive component is almost equal to or much higher than the carrier-mediated transport, in rat as well as in hamster. Diffusion across unstirred water layers seems to be rate-limiting for intestinal sugar absorption. PMID- 7122971 TI - Effects of hyper- and hypothyroidism on the basal levels of angiotensin I and kinetic parameters of renin-angiotensin system in male rats. AB - The basal levels of angiotensin I and kinetic parameters of renin-angiotensin system were studied under control, hyper- and hypothyroidism conditions. The serum levels of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) and plasma angiotensin II have been measured radioimmunoassay. Hyperthyroidism was induced by 5.5 micrograms/200 g of T3 or 100 micrograms/200 g of T4 administration for 12 days, and hypothyroidism by propylthiouracil (PTU) administration of 1 mg/200 g for 12 days. Basal levels of angiotensin I and plasma renin activity (PRA) increased after T3 injection, were not altered by T4 and decreased after PTU administration. T3 and T4 induced an increase in plasma renin concentration (PRC), while PTU induced a decrease in PRC. Plasma renin substrate (PRS) decreased in hyperthyroid rats and was unchanged by experimentally induced hypothyroidism. A good correlation between T3 serum levels and PRA was found, but there was no such correlation between T4 serum levels and PRA. PMID- 7122972 TI - Adenine nucleotide concentrations in liver of fetal rats. Neonatal changes in the premature newborn. AB - Changes in ATP, ADP and AMP concentrations in the liver in term and preterm newborns during the perinatal period have been studied. Fetal liver ATP concentrations decreased during the penultimate day of gestation and remained low during the last day of pregnancy. ATP concentrations sharply increased in the liver of term newborns immediately after delivery, remaining unchanged after 1 h of extrauterine life. High ATP concentrations were observed in the liver of preterm newborns at delivery without changes within the early postnatal period. No significant changes in liver ADP and AMP concentrations were observed in either group throughout the observation period. Energy charge was higher in preterm liver at delivery but similar values were reached in term liver after 30 min of extrauterine life. These results suggest that the energy stage of the preterm liver is high at delivery without changes during the early postnatal period. PMID- 7122973 TI - Peroxidase and IAA oxidase in germinating seeds of Cicer arietinum L. AB - Peroxidase and indole acetic oxidase (IA oxidase) activities in seeds of Cicer arietinum L. were studied at 72 h of germination. Both activities behaved differently in relation to optimum pH, stability against temperature and time of storage of 4 degrees C. Disc electrophoresis on polyacrilamide gel showed the existence of five anionic and three cationic isoenzymes with peroxidase activity by using benzidine as substrate; three of the anionic isoenzymes and one cationic isoenzyme possessed a simultaneous IAA oxidase activity as well. PMID- 7122974 TI - [Action of cortisol on electrocardiogram and heart metabolism in rats: influence of orchidectomy]. AB - The action of cortisol on electrocardiogram and cardiac parameters such as cardiac weight in absolute value and relative to the corporal weight, in dry substance, and the nitrogen content of the organ, have been studied in normal (NC) and orchidectomized rats (C). Since cortisol causes an intake reduction, pair-feeding runs were conducted in order to achieve hormone action results unbiased by the effects derived from the intake restrictions. Cortisol has not change either the cardiac weight or its nitrogen content versus controls, although their parameters were found to diminish on account of the intake restriction linked to the treatment. Cortisol treatment determined also a cardiac weight increase relative to body weight by reducing the body weight of these animals. The cardiac frequency was increased by glucocorticoid action, but the increase was produced at the expense of shortening the PR intervals which pointed to a better auriculoventricular conduction. The R wave and the T wave voltages increased and decreased respectively from the cortisol action, being both clear signs of ventricular hypertrophy. Orchidectomy did not determine significant modifications either in cardiac function or metabolism. PMID- 7122975 TI - Lipid metabolism in pregnancy. Perfusion of liver in pregnant rats. AB - Livers of pregnant or nonpregnant rats were perfused, and incorporation of 14C acetate into lipids was studied. Total lipids were extracted from samples of perfusion medium, taken at the entrance and exit from the liver, at different time intervals, and from the liver homogenates at the end of the experiment. Time course of the incorporation of 14C-acetate into different lipid classes from perfusion medium and liver tissue was compared for pregnant and nonpregnant rats. Radioactivity incorporation into circulant FFA and TG was higher in the control rats than in the pregnant animals. Contrariwise, there was a high incorporation of labelled fatty acids into phosphoglycerides in pregnant rats. There was an increase of unsaturated fatty acids of large carbon chain (24 : 1 and 22 : 6) in the perfusion media of pregnant liver. Moreover, the percentages of labelled fatty acids 16 : 1, 18 : 1 and 18 : 0 were higher in pregnant rats than in controls. PMID- 7122976 TI - [Cholesterol esterification in human plasma]. AB - The initial rates of the reaction catalized by the lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase, were measured in the plasmas of two groups of normal subjects (20 males and 20 females) of the same age (average 20 years). The determination of the initial rate of lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase reaction in human plasma was measured by a method based on the determination of plasma unesterified cholesterol by gas-liquid chromatography. With this technique the plasma esterification reaction is linear to approx. 75 min. The influence of sex, concentration of cholesterol total, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and unesterified cholesterol on the initial rate of plasma cholesterol esterification has been shown. PMID- 7122978 TI - Preliminary studies on transmural potential and intensity of the short-circuit current in intestine of Gobius maderensis. AB - The electrical difference (PD) and short-circuit current (Isc) across anterior intestine have been studied in vitro with solutions of different ionic composition in Gobius maderensis. 30 minutes after the beginning of the experiment a PD of about 2 mv negative serosa and an Isc of approximately 200 micro A/cm2 were recorded. Omission of sodium (Tris as substitute) from the luminal side or from both sides leads to an increment of 800% in PD more negative serosa together with an increase of 969% in Isc. In the absence of chloride (sulphate as substitute) the PD and Isc decreased and attained constant positive values. When the potassium was omitted from the luminal side or from both sides neither the P nor the Isc changed. These findings corroborate the assumption that active transport of chloride ions from mucosa to serosa is the major factor for transmural PD and account for the short-circuit current in the anterior intestine of Gobius maderensis. PMID- 7122977 TI - [Selective inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis gy tryptophan administration]. AB - The levels of quinolinic acid in liver and kidney and the gluconeogenic capacity in these tissues were determined in rats treated with tryptophan. The administration of this aminoacid produced a high increase in the hepatic quinolinic acid concentrations fed and 48 h. starved rats. On the contrary, only slight variations in the concentrations of renal quinolinic acid were observed. The highest value raised in these conditions was three times lower than Ki of the quinolinic acid for the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. These results suggest that tryptophan administration originates a selective inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis. PMID- 7122979 TI - [Effect of the dietary protein level and hydrocortisone acetate treatment to pregnant rats on the newborns]. AB - The influence of dietary protein level (three diets provided with 4% (D1), 12% (D2) and 14% (D3) of protein were tested) and hydrocortisone acetate administration (4 mg/100 g body wt. were daily injected), to rats during pregnancy, were studied. The parameters considered were the number, weight and nitrogen content of the litter. The D3 diet caused a significant increase in the newborns number, whether the mothers were hormone-treated or not. Cortisol associated to the D1 diet led to an appreciable fall in this parameter. Total N content of the litter, which had revealed independent of the dietary protein level in the control groups (rats without hormonal treatment), decreased significantly after cortisol administration in both the three experimental groups. This latter effect was more intense in litters coming from rats fed on the D1 diet. When the N content is expressed as mg N/g litter weight, this parameter decreased significantly only when the cortisol treatment was associated to the D1 diet. PMID- 7122980 TI - Interdependence of O2 consumption, renal NEFA pattern and N-acetylation of PAH in the isolated perfused rat kidney. Effect of long-chain NEFA and of PGF2 alpha on the renal N-acetyltransferase activity. AB - Tissue concentration of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) exerting an inhibitory effect on renal N-acetyltransferase activity was determined in the isolated perfused rat kidney. Concurrently, O2 consumption and the N-acetylation rate of p aminohippurate (PAH) were measured. In a second series of experiments, the mode of inhibition of NEFA on acetylating enzyme(s) was studied. Amount and pattern of NEFA as well as N-acetylation rate of PAH in the kidney were related to the O2 consumption: lower O2 supply corresponded to a higher tissue NEFA concentration as well as lower N-acetylation rate, increased O2 supply resulted in a low tissue NEFA concentration and an increased N-acetylation rate of PAH. Decreasing O2 supply elevated the tissue concentration of linoleate especially. NEFA with a carbon chain length of C16-C20 inhibited renal N-acetyltransferase activity in vitro competitively according to the sequence C16, C18, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3 = C20. It is inferred that hypoxia interferes with the N-acetylation of PAH in the rat kidney by increasing the content and changing the pattern of fatty acids, thereby inhibiting the N-acetylating enzyme(s). PMID- 7122982 TI - Renal handling of fluoride in healthy man. PMID- 7122981 TI - Tubuloglomerular feedback response after hypotensive hemorrhage. AB - The tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) response was studied in control rats and after either hypotensive hemorrhage or aortic clamping (AC). TGF was assessed both by differences in proximally and distally determined single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) and by proximally determined SNGFR responses to orthograde microperfusion at 0 or 36 nl/min. Hypotensive hemorrhage was induced by the removal of blood equivalent to 0.5-1% of body weight. In control rats, proximal SNGFR was 29.74 +/- SE 0.87 nl/min and distal SNGFR was 28.64 +/- 0.82 nl/min, values not significantly different from each other. After moderate hemorrhagic hypotension (MH: BP = 86 +/- 1 mm Hg) or AC (BP = 70 +/- 4 mm Hg), both proximal and distal SNGFR decreased, with no significant differences between the values in either group. After severe hemorrhagic hypotension (SH; BP = 70 +/- 1 mm Hg), proximal SNGFR was 25.23 +/- 2.07 nl/min and distal SNGFR was 19.69 +/- 1.50 nl/min, values significantly different from each other and consistent with an enhanced feedback response. Using orthograde microperfusion, a significant reduction in SNGFR at a perfusion rate of 36 nl/min was observed under all circumstances. However, with SH hypotension the percent change in SNGFR at the two perfusion rates was significantly increased to 35.0 +/- 5.5%, compared to 21.6 +/- 6.6% in controls. In contrast, AC with reduction in renal perfusion pressure to a degree comparable to SH hypotension did not augment the relative decrease in SNGFR, the percentage change being 22.2 +/- 7.2%. Neither was TGF enhanced after MH hypotension when similar volumes of blood were removed but a similar decrease in BP was not obtained. These results suggest that some factor related to severe systemic hypotension enhanced the TGF response. PMID- 7122983 TI - Influence of bradykinin and papaverine on renal and glomerular hemodynamics in dogs. AB - Although it is recognized that vasodilator-induced increases in renal plasma flow are not associated with increases in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), the mechanism responsible for the failure of GFR to exhibit plasma flow dependency under these circumstances remains uncertain. To evaluate this problem further, the effects of intra-arterial infusion of two vasodilators, bradykinin (n = 7) and papaverine (n = 6), on renal hemodynamics and glomerular function of dogs were determined. Both agents increased renal blood flow; however, GFR and single nephron GFR (SNGFR) remained unchanged during bradykinin infusion and decreased significantly during papaverine infusion. Transglomerular hydrostatic pressure and mean effective filtration pressure were not altered during bradykinin infusion but were significantly reduced by papaverine. Neither agent altered the glomerular filtration coefficient. These observations indicate that, in the dog, the GFR responses during renal vasodilation are dependent primarily on the effective filtration pressure. PMID- 7122984 TI - Thyroidal regulation of alkaline phosphatase activity in kidney cortex brush border membranes. PMID- 7122985 TI - Species differences in hypocalcemia induced by acetyl-salicylic acid. AB - The study was performed to explore species differences in hypocalcemia induced by acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). ASA decreased plasma and serum calcium (Ca) level at the dose of more than 200 mg/kg s.c. and p.o. in mouse, rat and guinea pig, and a correlation between serum Ca and salicylic (SA) levels was recognized in these species. However, hypocalcemia was not observed in rabbit and dog by the oral administration of ASA 400 mg/kg though high serum levels were found. Species differences were recognized in ASA-induced hypocalcemia. It was suggested that the differences were probably due to the different activity of calcitonin decreased serum Ca level in rabbit. PMID- 7122987 TI - Loss of calcium sequestration capacity in endoplasmic reticulum of isolated hepatocytes treated with carbon tetrachloride. AB - A method for treating isolated hepatocytes with a known and toxicologically meaningful concentration of CCl4 was used to study the effect of the haloalkane on the calcium sequestration capacity of microsomal vesicles derived from the hepatocytes. The essence of the method is to allow a very small volume of CCl4 to come to diffusion equilibrium in a closed system characterized by a gas phase that is large relative to the aqueous phase in which hepatocytes are to be suspended. The final equilibrium concentration of CCl4 in the aqueous phase is 174 microM. When hepatocytes are added to the aqueous phase, after at least 1 hr of incubation of the resealed system at 37 degrees C, the cells do not liberate GOT to the medium above control values, and their capacity to exclude trypan blue is unimpaired. However, covalent binding of the 14C from 14CCl4 is maximal within the first 10 min of incubation, and the calcium sequestering capacity of microsomal vesicles derived from hepatocytes incubated in the presence of CCl4 is reduced to 30% of control levels after 20 min. This system should prove useful in study of early effects of CCl4-dependent derangement of hepatocellular calcium homeostasis. PMID- 7122986 TI - A comparison of diphenylhydantoin metabolism in different tissues using high performance liquid chromatography. AB - We have quantified diphenylhydantoin metabolism in vitro using high performance liquid chromatography. Five metabolites from rat liver post-mitochondrial supernates were assayed (in order of concentrations): pHPPH, dihydrodiol, pHPPHglucuronide, mHPPH, and an unknown. Catechol was rarely identified and 3-0 methyl catechol was not found. Induction of DPH metabolism by phenobarbital, beta naphthoflavone, and DPH was studied. While phenobarbital increased synthesis of all the products, beta-naphthoflavone decreased DPH metabolism. DPH itself stimulated only dihydrodiol formation. Studies of dog liver showed that microsomes were more efficient metabolizers of DPH than post-mitochondrial supernatants, with predominance of mHPPH over pHPPH. This finding differed from that with rat liver. Rat thymus lymphocytes and cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes converted less than 1% of DPH and yielded HPLC profiles indistinguishable from cell-free blanks. PMID- 7122988 TI - Effects of xanthomegnin and duclauxin on culture cells of murine leukemia and Ehrlich ascitic tumor. AB - Effects of xanthomegnin and duclauxin on mitochondrial respiration, L1210 culture cells of murine leukemia and Ehrlich ascitic tumor were compared. Both compounds exhibited similarly potent uncoupling effects on the oxidative phosphorylation of mitochondria and cyto-toxicities on the culture cells, but they were not equal in the anti-tumor activity on Ehrlich ascitic tumor. Duclauxin markedly increased the life-span of mice which were i.p. inoculated with Ehrlich ascitic tumor but xanthomegnin did not exhibit such effect as duclauxin. PMID- 7122989 TI - Responsiveness of Carmustine (BCNU) treated mice to induction and inhibition of mixed function oxygenases. AB - The responsiveness of BCNU treated mice to phenobarbital (Pb) induction of hepatic microsomal mixed function oxygenase (MFO) activity was studied. BCNU (30 mg/kg ip) produced significant (P less than 0.05) decreases in cytochrome P-450, total ethylmorphine metabolism (TEM) and ethylmorphine N-demethylase (EMN) by 21 days after treatment. The specific activities of TEM and EMN were decreased more than was P-450 content. Benzpyrene hydroxylase (BPH) was increased and 7 ethoxycoumarin 0-deethylase (ECD) was unaffected at this time. Pb induction beginning on day 17 after BCNU treatment resulted in a greater inductive response in the BCNU treated mice than in controls. The specific activities of all MFO enzymes studied were more markedly affected than were the raw activities suggesting activation. However, the responsiveness of the MFOs to the actions of inhibitory was not markedly influenced by BCNU pretreatment. PMID- 7122990 TI - Neutrophil chemotactic responses to aldehydes. AB - The influence of 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), 4-hydroxytetradecenal (HTDE) and methylglyoxal (MGL) on rat polymorphonuclear leukocyte locomotion has been studied by means of boyden chambers. The two alkenals have been found to exert a chemotactic activity in a range of concentrations between 10-9 and 10-5 M, the most potent chemical being HTDE. The chemotactic effect, however, appeared influenced by the concentration of serum albumin in the medium. In addition, chemotactic doses of the same aldehydes were unable to affect the cell random migration. Higher concentrations of these alkenals depressed both the directed and random locomotion. Methylglyoxal appeared deprived of chemotactic power when assayed at the doses that were active with the above mentioned alkenals and it did not interfere with random migration. 5 X 10-4 M Methylglyoxal exerted a slight, but significant, inhibition of the locomotion events. These results suggest that aldehydes, present at the inflammatory sites, as final products of lipid peroxidation, might play a role in modulating the granulocyte cell locomotion, therefore interfering with the development of phlogosis. PMID- 7122991 TI - Atropine and mepenzolate mydriasis in rabbits: a comparative pupillographic analysis of two antimuscarinic agents. AB - The mydriatic effects of mepenzolate, a quarternary antimuscarinic agent, has been investigated and compared with those of atropine by pupillographic analysis in rabbits. The time-response curve for the onset of action for the agents (half time, ca.5 min) was the same for the two agents despite the difference in structures. Although the half time for the offset of action (ca.18 and 34 hrs. for atropine and mepenzolate respectively) was different, the mydriatic effects of both agents were completely eliminated in 74 hrs. PMID- 7122992 TI - Inhibition of heme synthase in brain and liver by low-level peroral sulfite exposure. AB - Male rats given water which contained Na2SO3 0.9 g/l over 1-10 wks ingested a total dose of 41 mmol SO3 per kg body wt. Brain glutathione was above the control at the 1st week and below control at 10 wks. Brain RNA content was below control at the same time. Brain and liver heme synthase were below the control after 7 wks. Although clear effect on the heme synthesis was noted lipid peroxidation could also explain the neurochemical findings. PMID- 7122993 TI - Defluorination of methoxyflurane by glutathione and coenzyme B12. AB - Fluoride was eliminated from methoxyflurane in solutions which contained glutathione and coenzyme B12. The reaction rate was maximal at pH 10 and was dependent upon the concentration of each reactant under specified conditions. A stoichiometric ratio of 2 was found between the amount of glutathione utilized and the amount of fluoride generated in the reaction. Glutathione disulfide was the only stable ninhydrin-positive reaction product identified. PMID- 7122994 TI - Antidotes for acute beryllium sulfate intoxication in mice. AB - Eleven water soluble chelating agents were tested as antidotes for acute beryllium sulfate intoxication in mice. The most effective of these was sodium 4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-benzenedisulfonate (Tiron). At the level of administration of beryllium used, aurin tricarboxylic acid is not an antidote. PMID- 7122995 TI - Depletion of phenylalanine in the blood of phenylketonuric patients using a PAL enzyme reactor. An in vitro study. AB - Blood samples obtained from eight adult phenylketonuric individuals had a mean phenylalanine level of 25 mg/dl. When these samples were circulated through multitubular enzyme-reactors prepared with immobilized phenylalanine ammonia lyase an average of 77% of phenylalanine was metabolized within 30 minutes. We conclude that phenylalanine in human phenylketonuric blood is just as susceptible to metabolism by PAL-enzyme reactors as phenylalanine that is added to normal blood, or that is circulating in dogs and monkeys made hyperphenylalaninemic by experimental means. PMID- 7122997 TI - A statistical analysis of the loss of muscle strength in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. AB - We have confirmed that the loss of muscle strength in 12 boys with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, as measured by manual muscle testing, approximates a linear decay model, but we have also found that it fits as well a first order decay model. The strength in the same eight muscles was measured over time. Results of an analysis of 111 examinations are reported here. An arbitrary numerical scale for grading muscle strength was used, such that normal was 13 units, and no movement was zero. The maximal sum, if all 8 muscles were normal, would be 104 units. Pooling all measurements, the linear decay rate in this sum was -0.189 +/- 0.023 (estimate +/- standard error) arbitrary muscle strength units . month-1. The corresponding first order fractional decay rate was -0.0034 +/- 0.0004 month 1. However, a more detailed statistical analysis indicated that decay rates in muscle strength were not homogeneous, i.e. muscle strength decayed faster in some patients than others. The decay constants in 11 of the 12 subjects spanned a 10 fold range, and in one subject increased the spread to 40-fold. The distribution frequency of decay rates appears to be bimodal. In these assessments, the muscle strength at time zero was not known. Therefore, an estimate of muscle strength at 10 years was made. This varied from 34 to 71 units. The group mean was 53.0 units using the exponential model, i.e. on average, only 51% (= 53.0/104 X 100) of the normal muscle strength remained in the 8 muscle groups assessed at age 10 years. In conclusion, a quantitative characterization of muscle strength deterioration is reported, which emphasizes the heterogeneity in this disease. This approach may eventually allow quantitative distinctions between Duchenne's and Becker's varieties of muscular dystrophy. PMID- 7122996 TI - Midazolam: radioimmunoassay for pharmacokinetic studies in man. AB - A specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the determination of the new short-acting water soluble imidazo-1,4-benzodiazepine, midazolam, directly in plasma has been developed. Employing 3H-midazolam as the radioligand and a rabbit antiserum to a diazo conjugate of 5'-aminomidazolam and albumin, the method has a limit of sensitivity of 2 ng/ml of midazolam using a 20 microliters sample of plasma. The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation ranged from 4 to 7% and 13 to 15%, respectively. The specificity of the RIA was established by demonstrating good agreement with both EC-GC and GC-MS procedures in the analysis of multiple clinical plasma samples. The utility of the RIA for the pharmacokinetic evaluation of midazolam is illustrated with plasma concentration profiles of the drug obtained in subjects who had received midazolam intravenously, intramuscularly and orally. PMID- 7122998 TI - Pharmacological actions of diaspirins, potential antisickling agents I: A preliminary study. AB - The acute toxicity (LD50) and effects on locomotor activity of three alternative aspirin analogs were determined in mice of both sexes. Dibromoaspirin, bis(dibromosalicyl) succinate and bis(dibromosalicyl) fumarate were administered in oral suspension. The 24-hour LD50 values in both male and female mice were within the same range as that of commercial aspirin (i.e., 1100 mg/kg). The effects of 1/40, 1/20, 1/10 and 1/5 LD50 doses of each compound were tested on locomotor activity of male mice. These compounds decreased locomotor activity in a dose-dependent fashion. PMID- 7122999 TI - Lipid peroxidation during chronic inflammation induced in rats by Freund's adjuvant: effect of vitamin E as measured by expired pentane. AB - Expired pentane, a product of omega 6-unsaturated fatty acid hydroperoxide decomposition, and foot volume were measured following injection of Freund's adjuvant into the hind feet of vitamin E-deficient rats injected 1 wk previously with either 0 or 100 mg of dl-alpha-tocopherol acetate/100 g body weight. Vitamin E inhibited pentane production after 21 and 28 days. This is the first demonstration in vivo of increased lipid peroxidation and its inhibition by vitamin E during adjuvant-induced chronic inflammation. By 28 days, foot volume was significantly less in vitamin E-injected rats (162%) than in vitamin E deficient rats (207%). PMID- 7123000 TI - Inhibitory effect of kanamycin on catecholamine secretion from adrenal medullary cells. PMID- 7123001 TI - Regional uptake of [35S]-cysteine in rat brain after arterial injection. AB - The brain uptake index of [35S]-cysteine in ten rat brain regions and in the eye was determined by measuring [35S]-cysteine remaining in the brain regions and in the eye, five seconds after carotid injection, relative to a simultaneously injected diffusible internal standard, 3H2O and a non-diffusible internal standard Tc99m-Sn-DTPA. A statistical comparison for the regions that receive their blood supply from the internal carotid artery was done. Only the diencephalon and the septum-nucleus accumbens were found significantly higher than cortex. PMID- 7123002 TI - Equine influenza virus enhances responsiveness of guinea-pig tracheal muscle to isoprenaline. AB - Groups of guinea-pigs were vaccinated with equine influenza A-1 virus and helically-cut tracheal strips were subsequently contracted to carbachol (EC50) and relaxed to isoprenaline at 3, 5 and 10 days post-vaccination. Tracheas from another group were contracted to phenylephrine in the presence of propranolol. Compared to controls, responses to isoprenaline in virus-infected tracheas were significantly potentiated at days 3 and 10. Virus infection significantly inhibited tracheal responsiveness to phenylephrine. It appears that enhancement of isoprenaline may be caused by diminished reactivity of the alpha-adrenoceptor system, thus promoting airway dilatation caused by the beta-adrenoceptor agonist. PMID- 7123003 TI - High-density lipoproteins and hepatic microsomal enzyme induction in alcohol consumers. AB - Plasma HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and major apolipoproteins, A-I (A-I) and A-II (A II), and indices of hepatic microsomal function, liver cytochrome P-450 (P-450) and plasma antipyrine clearance rate (AP-CL), in eight alcohol consumers and eight non-drinkers were compared. Alcohol consumers had increased P-450 and AP-CL showing an induction of hepatic microsomal function, and elevated HDL-C, A-I and A-II as compared with values in non-drinkers. Liver cytochrome P-450 concentrations were directly proportional to plasma HDL-C (r = 0.732, p less than 0.01) and A-I (r = 0.564, p less than 0.05) levels. These data suggest that alcohol by inducing liver microsomal function increases plasma HDL and thus favorably alters one of the risk factors of coronary heart disease. PMID- 7123004 TI - Acute toxicity of prostaglandin Bx in male, albino, ICR mice. AB - Median lethal doses were estimated for PGBx administered to mice by the intraperitoneal and intravenous routes. The incidence of lethality (and therefore the LD50) was time dependent over a 96 hour period. The animals were active, were responsive and took nourishment during the 4-day post-injection period so that they apparently died from the direct effects of PGBx (or its metabolites) and not as a consequence of depression-induced dehydration or starvation. PMID- 7123005 TI - Effects of early undernutrition on hippocampal development and function. AB - The possibility of a "hippocampal syndrome' was investigated in mature animals whose mothers had received a period of undernutrition during pregnancy and throughout lactation. Spontaneous alternation behaviour was abolished, and performance was found to be at chance level. Significant depletions in cell numbers were found throughout the hippocampal region; however, hippocampal theta rhythm remained and threshold levels for theta driving appeared normal. It was concluded that the behavioural differences observed did no arise from some simple deficit in the circuitry controlling hippocampal theta rhythm and that it was more likely due to an impairment at the synaptic level. The similarity of these, and other recent behavioural observations, to those of animals with hippocampal damage may provide a reasonable basis for investigating a number of learning deficits induced by early undernutrition. PMID- 7123006 TI - Deleterious effects of cimetidine in the presence of histamine on coronary circulation. Possible clinical implications in anaphylactic states in individuals with coronary heart disease. AB - The present study characterizes effects of histamine in the presence of the H2 antagonist cimetidine on the coronary circulation of the isolated perfused spontaneously beating guinea pig heart. Infusion of histamine (2 x 10(-8) mol/1-5 x 10(-6) mol/l) induced a dose-dependent coronary dilation, comparable to the effect of isoproterenol and two highly-selective H2-agonistic compounds, impromidine and dimaprit. In the presence of cimetidine (5 x 10(-6) mol/l), however, coronary response to histamine was reversed in a manner that a dose dependent coronary constriction occurred with coronary spasm and a flow rate approaching zero at histamine concentrations above 8 x 10(-7) mol/l, whereas the dilatory effect of impromidine and dimaprit was completely antagonized. In contrast, the histamine-induced constriction in the presence of cimetidine could be nearly abolished by additional infusion of the H1-antagonistic compound mepyramine (5 x 10(-5) mol/l). Is is concluded that H1- and H2-receptors are present in the coronary smooth muscle, H1-receptors mediating constriction and H2 receptors mediating coronary dilation. Speculation is provided that histamine may have hazardous effects in anaphylactic states if cimetidine is administered simultaneously, e.g., to prevent or cure peptic ulcer. Other possible clinical implications will be discussed. PMID- 7123007 TI - Effects of secretin and cholecystokinin-pancreocymin on water, electrolyte and glucose absorption in human jejunum. A comparison between different hormone preparations. AB - The effects of natural secretin (90%) and synthetic secretin as well as impure (10%) and pure (99%) cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK) on net absorption of water, electrolytes, and glucose in human jejunum were studied in 31 normal subjects. An intestinal perfusion technique with a triple-lumen tube was used. Net absorption of water and solute was significantly inhibited by both hormones only with larger doses, pure CCK being less active than impure CCK. A dose dependent response of water and electrolyte absorption to graded doses of pure CCK was observed, without concomitant inhibition of glucose absorption with lower doses. The findings suggest that secretin and CCK may not be of physiologic importance regarding intestinal absorption in man. The definite changes in intestinal motility and transit rate caused by these hormones seem more likely to result in a reduction of intestinal absorption and an increase in the secretion of water and electrolytes along the proximal small bowel. PMID- 7123008 TI - Synthetic human gastrin I and gastrin-like pentapeptide in studies of intestinal absorption in man. Role of gastrin in human intestinal absorption. AB - The effects of synthetic human gastric I (SHG I) and gastrin-like pentapeptide (PG) on jejunal water, electrolyte, and glucose absorption were studied in 11 normal subjects. The i.v. administration of graded doses of SHG I increased plasma gastrin levels similar to those after food intake and in the Zollinger Ellison syndrome. SHG I and PG caused no significant changes in the net movement of water and solute. The findings indicate that gastrin has no direct effect on intestinal absorption in normal man, and does not account for the mechanism of diarrhea in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. PMID- 7123009 TI - [Contents and distribution of Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Mn in fetuses, amniotic fluid, placenta, and uterus of rats]. AB - Fetuses, amniotic fluid, placenta, and uterus were taken from five gravid rats shortly prior to delivery, and the contents of Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Mn were analyzed. Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn exhibited a similar concentration in dry matter (DM) in all tested reproductive organs, whereby Fe-contents were five to ten times higher than Zn-contents and those five to ten times higher than Cu-contents, which amounted to 10-20 ppm. The Mn-contents range about a factor of ten below. Ni-concentration in DM of fetuses, placenta and uterus is below 1 ppm, whereas in contrast to this, Ni-concentration of 14 ppm in DM of amniotic fluid is 34 times higher than in fetuses and placenta. Uterus contained twice as much Ni as fetuses. Concerning the total content of the individual trace elements, Ni reacts also different as compared to Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn. Its amniotic content exceeds the fetal content by 40%. Total excretion of Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, and also DM is distributed differently as compared to Ni. Fetuses contain 60%-70% of these trace elements, placenta 15%-25%, uterus 6%-16%, and amniotic fluid only 1%-2%. Ni, however, is excreted mostly via amniotic fluid by about 35% of total excretion and only by about 25% via fetuses. These findings, concerning Ni, are discussed in detail. PMID- 7123010 TI - Collagen type distribution in the mammalian left ventricle during growth and aging. AB - Left ventricular collagen of rats aged 1,4,8, and 24 months, as well as young and adult pigs and beef, was successively extracted with neutral salt and dilute acid solutions and limited pepsin digestion. The distribution of type I and III collagen molecules in pepsin-solubilized collagen was analyzed with sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of 3.6 M urea, under nonreducing and reducing conditions. Yields of dilute-acid-soluble collagen ad neutral-salt-soluble collagen were extremely low (0.3-0.8%, and less than 0.3% of total starting collagen, respectively), indicating the presence of an extensive interchain and intermolecular cross-linking network in left ventricular tissue of young and mature mammals. Comparison of protein patterns in electrophoresis gels indicated that myocardial collagen consists primarily of type I collagen molecules. The components of type III collagen also occurred in all investigated preparations, in varying and consistently lower proportions. The ratio of type III to type I collagen changed during postnatal growth and aging. PMID- 7123011 TI - Prothrombin determination in plasma and in liver biopsies in chronic liver diseases. AB - Following ribosomal synthesis of the protein moiety of prothrombin, postribosomal carboxylation in the liver is necessary to obtain prothrombin ready for physiologic activation. Both decarboxyprothrombin and carboxyprothrombin can be determined by means of specific activators. Using synthetic substrates for thrombin, a micro-prothrombin assay suitable for functional determinations of decarboxy- and carboxy-prothrombin in liver biopsies was evolved. Decarboxyprothrombin was not found in plasma, independent of the kind of liver disease. Prothrombin determination in 31 liver samples showed no relation between the absolute concentration of carboxyprothrombin and decarboxyprothrombin and the kind of disease. The carboxyprothrombin fraction of total prothrombin was correlated with the activity of histologically estimated fibrosis in the liver. PMID- 7123012 TI - The initiation of pulmonary respiration in a bird embryo: tidal volume and frequency. AB - Pulmonary ventilation in embryos and hatchlings of the Wedge-tailed Shearwater (Puffinus pacificus), measured with a barometric plethysmograph, revealed a progressive rise in tidal volume (VT) and minute volume (VE) during the paranatal period to achieve hatchling levels. VT and VE in internally pipped eggs (penetration of air cell) was 0.06 ml +/- 0.03 (SD) and 3.11 ml . min-1 +/- 1.80, respectively. Ventilation was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in eggs with pip-holes (VT = 0.15 ml +/- 0.04 and VE = 7.09 ml . min-1 +/- 2.76). A significant difference (P less than 0.05) was also obtained for VT and VE between embryos and hatchling chicks. The respiratory frequency (f) was approximately 47 breaths . min-1 for both embryos and chicks. Acute changes in ventilation were examined in response to 2% CO2, 5% CO2, and 10% CO2 in air. For embryos, VT increased significantly (P less than 0.05) only with 10% CO2 and was accompanied by a significant decrease (P less than 0.05) in f. Hatchling VT increased significantly (P less than 0.05) with each test gas and VE increased significantly (P less than 0.05) with acute exposure to 5% CO2, from 16.5 ml . min-1 +/- 2.0 in normoxic air to 53.9 ml . min-1 +/- 8.6. The shearwater embryo is relatively insensitive to high levels of CO2, suggesting a respiratory adaptation to naturally inspired air cell gas concentrations during the internal pipping phase and rebreathing. PMID- 7123013 TI - Measurement of continuous distributions of ventilation-perfusion in non-alveolar lungs. AB - We modified the multiple inert gas elimination technique, which was originally developed for alveolar lungs, to measure continuous distributions of V/Q in the cross-current lungs of birds. In theory, the method is also applicable to counter current gas exchangers. The algorithms for inferring essentially continuous V/Q distributions from a limited number of measurements and the least-squares approach for dealing with experimental error are independent of the model of gas exchanger being studied. A Monte-Carlo procedure was used to predict the expected frequency of occurrence of given magnitudes of experimental error for each model. If the observed frequency distribution of error exceeds the predicted, then this indicates an incorrect choice of model (analogous to chi-square tests). Thirty four data sets from 8 geese indicate that: (1) the assumptions of the technique are adequately met; (2) the alveolar model is not appropriate for birds, but the cross-current model is; and therefore; (3) the cross-current modification of the multiple inert gas elimination technique can be used to assess V/Q inequality in avian lungs. PMID- 7123016 TI - Selective activation of parasternal muscle fibers according to breathing rate. AB - The activity of single parasternal intercostal muscle fibers of rabbits was recorded during control breathing and during heat tachypnea at near-constant tidal volume. In order to identify with high probability the type of fibers on the basis of available knowledge, differences in firing pattern were enhanced by occluding the airways during an inspiration or adding dead space. Under both conditions the percentage of fibers with relatively high values of peak firing rate (fp) and rising rate of firing frequency (delta f/delta t) was greater during tachypnea. Fibers with relatively low values of fp and delta f/delta t during control breathing showed little or no increase of these parameters during tachypnea. Fibers with low fp and delta f/delta t should be slow, and others fast. Hence, the greater percentage of fibers with high fp and delta f/delta t during tachypnea indicates a recruitment of fast fibers. these findings support our previous hypothesis of selective activation of inspiratory muscle fibers according to the speed of movements. PMID- 7123014 TI - Ventilation-perfusion inequally in avian lungs. AB - We assessed ventilation-perfusion inequality in 8 anesthetized, tidally ventilated geese in terms of continuous V/Q distributions using the multiple inert gas elimination technique modified for cross-current avian lungs (Powell and Wagner, 1982). Thirty-four data sets were collected. Allowing for differences in solubility, high molecular weight gases (Enflurane, SF6) were not retained in the blood to any greater extent than the other gases, suggesting that diffusion in the gas phase is functionally complete. Shunt averaged only 0.4 +/- 0.1% (SEM) of cardiac output and areas of low V/Q were seldom seen. Twenty-nine of the 34 data sets had bimodal V/Q distributions with 10.6 +/- 1.4% of expired ventilation and 0.3 +/- 0.1% of cardiac output in a high V/Q mode; the physiological basis of the high mode is unknown. The log-standard deviation of the main Q mode averaged 0.56 or slightly greater than that for healthy men, dogs, or earlier estimates from unidirectionally ventilated birds. It is predicted that CO2 will be more impaired by such V/Q inequality than O2, but that increased ventilation will overcome the CO2 impairment more easily than that of O2 transport. PMID- 7123015 TI - Pulmonary blood flow, diffusing, capacity and tissue volume by rebreathing: theory. AB - The determination of pulmonary capillary blood flow (Q), diffusing capacity (D) and tissue volume (Vtis) from rebreathing equilibration kinetics is studied on mathematical models. The validity of a continuously ventilated two-compartment model (model II) is analyzed with reference to a cyclically ventilated model (model III) and compared to a one-compartment model (model I). Use of model II leads to slight overestimation of Q and D, and to underestimation of Vtis whereas model I yields considerable underestimation of D, Q and Vtis. The following procedures are recommended: (1) Rebreathing data should be analyzed on the basis of model II. (2) Q and D should be calculated from the rate constant of fast (k1) and slow (k2) exponential component and extrapolated zero-time intercept of K2, based on end-expired gas fractions, of the gas under study (e.g. C2H2, CO). (3) Addition of an insoluble inert gas (e.g. He) is required only for Vtis. (4) Soluble inert gases with blood-gas partition coefficient (lambda) less than 1 (e.g. C2H2, CHC1F2) applied at low concentration should be used for determination of Q and Vtis. (5) A high rebreathing ventilation is recommended. PMID- 7123017 TI - The effect of some factors on the inhibitory nervous systems of airway smooth muscle. AB - To understand better the physiological role of the inhibitory nervous systems (i.e. adrenergic and nonadrenergic) operating in airway smooth muscle, the roles of different physiological conditions were studied using segments of trachea isolated from male guinea pigs (300-400 g BW; Camm-Hartley strain). Laryngeal, cervical and thoracic segments of trachea were used from each animal. Platinum plate electrodes were employed to generate an optimal electrical field stimulation of 40 V, 1.5 msec, 40 PPS of 12 sec duration. Biphasic contractile response was reported as change in the isometric force (g). Adrenergic and nonadrenergic components of airway smooth muscle relaxation were assessed using D,L-propranolol (1 X 10(-6) M), a dose which did not influence the developed isometric force. We investigated the effect of the following experimental conditions on developed active relaxation: (a) different temperatures (29, 37 and 40 degrees C), (b) pH = 7.00, 7.38 and 7.56 (all +/- 0.05), and (c) moderate hypoxia (PO2 = 50 +/- 5 Torr). It was found that: (1) No significant differences were detected in the active relaxation in three regions of guinea pig trachea. In guinea pig trachea nonadrenergic inhibition was responsible for approximately 75 80% of total relaxation; (2) A decrease in temperature to 29 degrees C inhibited (P less than 0.05) and an increase in temperature to 40 degrees C potentiated (P less than 0.01) relaxation in both adrenergic and nonadrenergic components; (3) A low pH of 7.10 +/- 0.05 inhibited (P less than 0.05) and a high pH of 7.56 +/- 0.05 potentiated (P less than 0.05) relaxation as induced by electrical field stimulation; (4) Acute hypoxia, Po2 = 50 +/- 5 Torr, significantly inhibited (P less than 0.01) active relaxation of tracheal preparations. This inhibition, however, was reversible. These data suggest that in the condition of acidosis and hypoxia, such as is present in patients with chronic obstructive airway disease, the alteration of the inhibitory nervous systems of airway smooth muscle (both adrenergic and nonadrenergic) may contribute to the development of airway obstruction. PMID- 7123018 TI - Oscillatory mechanics of the respiratory system in normal rats. AB - Respiratory system impedances were measured by a modified forced oscillatory technique in 30 normal male CRD-free Sprague-Dawley rats at frequencies between 20 and 90 Hz. A resonance frequency was found (mean = 39 Hz) below which reactances were negative and above which reactances were positive. Resistances were generally found to be frequency dependent, increasing with increasing frequencies. Frequency dependent behavior in resistance has been ascribed to inhomogeneities in parallel airway pathways and to the effects of airway wall compliance. optimization techniques were used to estimate the values of parameters in a variety of lumped-parameter mechanical networks incorporating parallel pathways and/or airway wall compliance. The model whose response compared the best with the data and that resulted in the most consistent parameter values was found to be one where the airways are separated into central and peripheral components by a shunt pathway containing an airway wall compliance. The mean values for each of the parameters within the model were central airway resistance (54 cm H2O/L/sec), peripheral airway resistance (53 cm H2O/L/sec), central airway inertance (0.058 cm H2O/L/sec2), peripheral airway inertance (0.116 cm H2O/L/sec2)(, airway wall compliance (0.182 X 10(-4) L/cm H2O), and respiratory system compliance (1.267 X 10(-4) L/cm H2O). PMID- 7123019 TI - Isobaric force-velocity relationship of in situ canine trachealis muscle. AB - We measured the force-velocity relationship of the in situ trachealis muscle during vagal stimulation in six anesthetized dogs. The trachea, about 10 cm in length, was transected above the carina and left in situ with its blood supply intact, and its cut ends artificially closed. The lung was ventilated by a respiratory. First the vagal nerves were electrically stimulated to induce isometric contractions which resulted in an increase in tracheal pressure; then the tracheal volume was reduced to a rate (velocity) which kept the tracheal pressure constant at a given level (force). The force-velocity curve was hyperbolic. Using Hill's equation, we calculated the values of P0 (the maximum force at 10, lo being the trachealis muscle length at which the maximum active tension develops) and Vmax (the maximum velocity at zero afterload). They were P0 = 0.85 +/- 0.20 kg/cm2 and Vmax = 0.08 +/- 0.02 l0/s. We concluded that both force and velocity of the trachealis muscle in situ exhibited lower values than those in vitro. PMID- 7123020 TI - Surface tension at low lung volumes: dependence on time and alveolar size. AB - We measured surface tension in individual alveoli by observing the spreading properties of fluid droplets placed by micropipette on the alveolar surfaces. The test fluids were calibrated on monolayers of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine spread at the air-saline interface of a captive bubble. The air bubble was floated by buoyancy against a ceiling of 0.5% agar. The bubble surface tension could be altered by inflating or deflating the bubble, and the value of the surface tension was determined by shape analysis for the sessile drop. Test fluid droplets were placed by micropipette onto the upper, flat bubble surface and the diameters of these droplets were measured with a microscope. In cat lungs held at 40% total lung capacity and 37 degrees C the surface tension remained below 1 mN . m -1 for about 10 min, and then increased slowly in a linear fashion to 9 mN . m -1 in 70 min. During stepwise deflation from 70% to 40% total lung capacity the surface tension changed from approximately 10 mN . m -1 to less than 1 mN . m -1. At each step during deflation we compared surface tension in alveoli of differing size and location. At any given lung volume in the range between 70% and 40% total lung capacity we found equal values for the alveolar surface tension regardless of alveolar size and location. PMID- 7123021 TI - The effect of ambient chloride concentration changes on branchial chloride bicarbonate exchanges and hemolymph acid-base balance of crayfish. AB - In crayfish Astacus leptodactylus maintained in 13 degrees C ambient water of constant oxygenation and acid-base balance, water chloride concentration was varied while the concentration of other ions, except sulfate, were maintained at constant values. The effects of wide variations of the ambient Cl- concentration, CCl, on the branchial titration alkalinity, delta TA, on delta CCl, delta CCO2, delta CO2 between inspired and expired water, and on the prebranchial hemolymph CCl and pH were studied. The branchial changes of TA, CCl and CCO2 were dependent on the ambient CCl, and a decrease of CCl led to a fall of CO2 excretion. Hemolymph acid-base balance closely depended on ambient CCl, particularly when CCl was less than 1 meq . L-1; when ambient CCl fell from 1 meq . L-1 to 0.1 meq . L -1, pH increased from 7.87 to 8.30. Since hemolymph PCO2 was not affected by the variations of CCl, the changes of pH are mainly explained by the concomitant changes of the hemolymph HCO3- and CO32- concentrations. During an 18-day exposure of crayfish to dechlorinated water, hemolymph CCl decreased progressively whereas its pH increased. The extreme values for CCl were 193 meq . L-1 at day 1 and 96 meq . L -1 at day 18, and the corresponding pH extremes were 7.87 and 8.65. Since the observed modifications of the branchial exchanges and the hemolymph acid-base balance were not related to the small changes of ambient osmolarity or of the SO42- or Na+ concentrations, it is inferred that they depended on a modified Cl-/HCO3- exchange mechanism in the gills. PMID- 7123022 TI - Oxygen diffusion transients in the mouse ear. PMID- 7123023 TI - [Use of bromocriptine to induce ovulation in the galactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome []. PMID- 7123024 TI - [Chronic lymphocytic leukemia 1. Thirty five years experience at the Instituto Nacional de la Nutricion Salvador Zubiran. (Mexico) []. PMID- 7123025 TI - [Primary gastric lymphomas. Study of 24 cases []. PMID- 7123026 TI - [Idiopathic multicentric osteolysis associated to hemangiomatosis []. PMID- 7123027 TI - [End-stage kidney and acquired multicystic renal disease. Report of a case []. PMID- 7123028 TI - [IgM multiple myeloma. Case report and review of the literature []. PMID- 7123029 TI - [Search for theoretical indicators of clinical capacities []. PMID- 7123030 TI - [Norms for biomedical research in the Republic of Mexico published in the "Diario Oficial" of 26 January 1982]. PMID- 7123031 TI - [Devaluation and purchasing of radionuclides. A new form of leprechaunism?]. PMID- 7123032 TI - Ferritin and malignant hemopathies. I. Ferritin in cerebrospinal fluid as an indicator of central nervous system leukemic involvement. PMID- 7123033 TI - [A transcutaneous tuberculin test: the tine test]. PMID- 7123034 TI - [Anatomo-clinical conference: Bronchopneumonia, hemiplegia and mitral murmur]. PMID- 7123035 TI - [Gynecomasta. Gynecomastia in adults. Etiopathogenic and therapeutic aspects]. PMID- 7123036 TI - [Gynecomastia in adolescents]. PMID- 7123037 TI - [Gynecomastia in adults]. PMID- 7123038 TI - [Gynecomastia of drug origin]. PMID- 7123039 TI - [Surgical treatment of gynecomastia]. PMID- 7123040 TI - [Beekeepers and Hymenoptera stings. Results of a survey]. PMID- 7123041 TI - Granulomatous hepatitis. AB - According to the literature on the subject, hepatic granulomas are present in 2.4%-10% of the liver tissue specimens examined in general hospitals. The pathogenesis and pathological importance of these lesions remain unclear in many cases. Hepatic granulomas have been associated with a wide variety of diseases, among which sarcoidosis, followed by tuberculosis, figure most prominently. The etiology remains undetermined in less than or equal to 36% of reported cases. In some instances the lesions are found by chance, and in other cases they are associated with a prolonged course of fever of undetermined origin, which may or may not resolve spontaneously. In the present article, the histopathogenesis and appearance of these lesions are described; the associated diseases are reviewed with detailed emphasis on the clinical manifestations, pathology, and diagnosis of those diseases most commonly responsible for the lesions; and, finally, some comments are offered on the diagnostic work-up and controversial management of undiagnosed cases. PMID- 7123042 TI - Tissue eosinophilia in human coccidioidomycosis. AB - Eosinophilia in peripheral blood and tissue of patients with coccidioidomyocsis was reviewed in an examination of the importance of this cellular response to Coccidioides immitis. Peripheral blood eosinophilia (greater than 5%) was found in each of two patients with primary infection but was markedly more pronounced (27%-53%) in three of five patients with disseminated coccidioidomycosis. Unusually large numbers of tissue eosinophils and organized microabscesses containing eosinophils were found in six patients with progressive or disseminated disease. These six patients all demonstrated cutaneous anergy to coccidioidin. Eosinophilic microabscesses were found surrounding rupturing spherules and free endospores. Phagocytosis of free endospores was not demonstrated by the technique used. The bone marrow of two patients with disseminated disease showed a marked increase in eosinophilic myeloid precursors; this result suggested the presence of an eosinophilopoietin. Although peripheral blood eosinophilia has been explained as a hypersensitivity response to C. immitis that represents a favorable prognosis, the data reported herein suggest that peripheral blood eosinophilia of greater than 20% and the presence of eosinophilic microabscesses correlate with progressive or disseminated infection and thus are indicative of a poor prognosis. PMID- 7123044 TI - Animal-to-human disease transmission. PMID- 7123045 TI - The biology of parasitic infection. Workshop on interactions of nutrition and parasitic diseases. An international symposium, Bellagio, Italy, September 27 October 1, 1980. PMID- 7123046 TI - Current topics in mycoplasmology. Symposia and abstracts of papers presented at the third meeting of the International Organization for Mycoplasmology. Custer, South Dakota, September 3-9, 1980. PMID- 7123043 TI - Selective primary health care: strategies for control of disease in the developing world. I. Schistosomiasis. AB - The control of schistosomiasis should be related to its unique biology and ecology. Whereas schistosomes multiply within the snail intermediate host, they do not replicate within the mammalian definitive host. As a consequence, a large proportion of infected humans have low or moderate worm burdens, the disease tending to occur in the small proportion of individuals harboring large numbers of worms. This situation suggests an unusual strategy: the control of schistosomal disease rather than the usual approach of control of infection and its almost invariable end point of eradication. Control of infection (transmission) requires use of mollusciciding, provision of water supplies and sanitation, health education, and chemotherapy and is still highly unlikely to result in eradication. Control of disease can be achieved at far lower cost by chemotherapy alone using the newer single-dose, oral, nontoxic chemotherapeutic agents. PMID- 7123047 TI - Active diffusion of adsorbed mycoplasmal virus L3 on Acholeplasma laidlawii cell membranes. PMID- 7123048 TI - Spiroplasmal viruses: group 1 characteristics. AB - Virus-like particles of three morphologic groups have been detected by electron microscopy in 90% of spiroplasma strains. In this study, virus-like particles of group 1 (SpV1)--unenveloped rods 230-280 nm by 10-15 nm--were found in 575 of spiroplasmas. SpV1 occurred spontaneously in large numbers in cultures of strains B (corn stunt), G1 (tulip tree flower), BC3 (honeybee), and KC3 (honeybee), respectively; the viruses were isolated and assayed as plaque-forming units, with several of the same strains used as indicators. No virus plaqued on its strain of origin, and all except one (SpV1/BC3) plaqued best on strain BC3. Host range and yields of progeny virus differed. All isolates were identical in morphology, size, and buoyant densities; contained DNA; formed turbid 1.5 to 5.0-mm plaques; produced nonlytic infections and similar one-step growth curves; were inactivated by a single antiserum; had similar kinetics of adsorption and heat inactivation; and demonstrated similar patterns of resistance and sensitivity to a variety of physical and chemical agents, as well as an inability to infect resistant host mutants. SPV1 isolates from diverse host strains apparently share many physicochemical and biological properties, but are not identical in all biological respects. PMID- 7123049 TI - Comparative properties of spiroplasmas and emerging taxonomic concepts: a proposal. AB - The major serogroups and distinct subgroups of spiroplasmas seem to represent distinct species. The scheme of classification into these groups was initially based on serologic properties and later supported by the results of studies of DNA-DNA homology and polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analyses of cellular proteins. Because separate subgroups within the same major serogroup cross-react in growth inhibition tests and other serologic tests, a taxonomic scheme is proposed which implies that certain major criteria for species differentiation within the genus Mycoplasma cannot be appropriately applied to the genus Spiroplasma without modification. Nevertheless, the grouping scheme and proposed speciation satisfy requirements for a species concept that is utilitarian and operational and consistent with recommendations by the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology, Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Mollicutes. PMID- 7123050 TI - Characterization of spiroplasmas by serology. AB - Five major serologic groups of spiroplasmas have been distinguished on the basis of serology (as determined in a test of deformation and metabolism inhibition), guanine-plus-cytosine content of DNA, and DNA-DNA hybridization. group I includes strains of Spiroplasma citri that form a classical subgroup (serovar) complex of four serologically homogeneous serovars that cross-react with each other at varying levels. The four other serogroups do not cross-react with each other or with members of the group I S. citri complex. Group II consists of the sex ratio spiroplasma from Drosophila species. Group III contains spiroplasmas isolated from flowers of magnolia and tulip trees. Group IV consists of strains of spiroplasmas recovered from insects and flowers. The tick-derived spiroplasmas SMCA and TP-2 compose group V. PMID- 7123051 TI - Polyacrylamide gel analysis of spiroplasmas proteins and its contribution to the taxonomy of spiroplasmas. AB - Representative strains of the known groups and serogroups of spiroplasmas have been compared on the basis of the results of one- and two-dimensional protein analysis on polyacrylamide gels. Each of the four subgroups of the Spiroplasma citri complex (S. citri and honeybee, corn stunt, and 277F spiroplasmas) has characteristic protein profiles and maps. Spiroplasma G1 isolated from flowers has a protein profile closely related to that of the honeybee spiroplasmas (KC3, BC3, AS576, B1707, B88, and B63). The flower spiroplasmas fall into two groups on the basis of the mole percentage (mol%) of guanine plus cytosine (G + C) of their deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) 26 and 30 mol %, respectively) and their serologic properties. The three flower spiroplasmas (OBMG, BNR1, and 23-6) with 26 mol % of G + C have the same basic protein pattern. Although some of the flower spiroplasmas with 30 mol % of G + C have closely related protein patterns, others have more distant profiles. Spiroplasmas B13 and L89, isolated from honeybees and froghoppers, respectively, had DNA with 30 mol % of G + C and could be included with other flower spiroplasmas with similar DNA base composition on the basis of their protein profiles and maps. Individual proteins separated by two-dimensional analysis on polyacrylamide gels have been used for the production of monospecific immunoglobulins, which are useful in taxonomic studies. PMID- 7123052 TI - Taxonomy and identification of spiroplasmas. PMID- 7123053 TI - Antibiotic treatment for control of tree diseases associated with mycoplasma-like organisms. AB - Tetracycline-induced remission of the development of symptoms has been used as an aid in the diagnosis of plant diseases associated with mycoplasma-like organisms and, in a few cases, for field control of some tree diseases. Infusion and injection into the trunk are the most widely adopted methods for the treatment of trees with the antibiotic. Initial translocation of tetracycline in trees appears to occur in the xylem, but transfer to the phloem is a prerequisite for disease control. The duration of persistence of the antibiotic in tissues averages from one to four months, although the duration of remission may range from six months to three years. Precautions must be taken for the prevention of antibiotic residues in fruit and minimization of environmental exposure to the antibiotic. PMID- 7123054 TI - The role of industry in the development of a product for control of mycoplasmal plant diseases. AB - A number of mycoplasmal or mycoplasma-like diseases of plants have been treated with an oxytetracycline-based product. Remission of symptoms has generally resulted, and in some instances the local use of this product under temporary governmental registrations has been approved. The use of oxytetracycline for control of many such diseases is not commercially feasible because the potential market is relatively small and the costs of development are relatively high. However, oxytetracycline products may be useful when a disease problem becomes sufficiently serious to arouse academic attention and agricultural or public concern. The commercial use of oxytetracycline hydrochloride for remission and prevention of lethal yellowing of coconut palm was begun in 1974. Use of this product for control of pear decline disease followed shortly thereafter. To date, joint participation and cooperation of the drug and agricultural industries have also resulted in the control of two important mycoplasma-like diseases of peach trees in the United States. PMID- 7123055 TI - Interaction of spiroplasmas with plant, arthropod, and animal hosts. PMID- 7123056 TI - Physical state of membrane lipids of Mycoplasma capricolum. AB - The physical state of the lipids in Mycoplasma capricolum membranes was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. Cells grown in the presence of horse serum incorporated large amounts of cholesterol esters into their membranes. After incubation at a low temperature, the cholesterol ester-containing membranes showed an endotherm characteristic of a cholesterol ester transition from a crystalline state to an isotropic liquid that was identical in membranes both before and after thermal protein denaturation. This transition was not observed in membranes of cells grown in medium in which the horse serum was replaced by bovine albumin, fatty acids, and unesterified cholesterol unless cholesterol esters were added to the growth medium. In membrane preparations obtained from both horse serum-grown cells and from cells grown with bovine albumin plus cholesterol and fatty acids, the free cholesterol content was sufficient to eliminate the bilayer order/disorder transition observed in isolated membrane phospholipids. Our calorimetric studies indicate that the majority of cholesterol esters in M. capricolum membranes is not present in attached serum lipoprotein particles nor is it intimately associated with membrane protein but exists as relatively large droplets of cholesterol ester or as pockets in the membrane. The cholesterol esters in these pockets exist in a liquid-like state at growth temperature and appear to be relatively pure, although the presence of small amounts of other membrane components, especially glycerides, is likely. The existence of a low-temperature endotherm in membrane attributable to glycerides suggests there may be glyceride-rich regions in the membranes. PMID- 7123057 TI - Lipid phase structure in the regulation of lipid composition in Acholeplasma laidlawii membranes. AB - In Acholeplasma laidlawii membranes the ratio between the dominating lipids, monoglucosyldiglyceride (MGDG) and diglucosyldiglyceride (DGDG), depends on temperature, configuration of incorporated fatty acids, and membrane cholesterol content, which affect the molecular geometry of the lipids. MGDG and DGDG have wedge- and rod-like molecular shapes, respectively, that are modifiable. The packing constraints of lipids in amphiphilic aggregates, i.e., the area of the hydrocarbon-water interface and the volume and length of the hydrocarbon chains, are important in determining the aggregate structure. Pure MGDG forms a reversed hexagonal- (HII) phase structure with different acyl chain contents, while DGDG forms a lamellar phase. Depending on the unsaturated acyl chain content in the lipids, an in vitro mixture of MGDG and DGDG forms lamellar or cubic phases at physiologic temperatures. A high degree of cis-unsaturation, large amounts of MGDG and high temperatures favor formation of the cubic phase. Addition of cholesterol corresponding to the maximal amount incorporable into A. laidlawii induces a transition from a lamellar or a cubic phase to a reversed hexagonal phase. Lipid mixtures containing only unsaturated acyl chains are more sensitive to the bilayer-destabilizing effect of cholesterol than are mixtures with equal amounts of saturated and unsaturated acyl chains. The lamellar phase is the only one compatible with a functional biological membrane. Consequently, the balance between lipids that form lamellar and other mesophase structures must keep within certain limits. The cubic and reversed hexagonal structures were discovered under conditions not existing in the living Acholeplasma cell. Thus, the response of A. laidlawii lipid metabolism to external and internal stimuli can be predicted on the basis of molecular shapes and is necessary to the maintenance of optimal membranes stability. The reduced capacity of Acholeplasma membranes to incorporate cholesterol is a consequence of this regulation. PMID- 7123058 TI - The electrochemical potential across mycoplasmal membranes. AB - The electrochemical proton gradient across mycoplasmal membranes was studied. The transmembrane proton-motive potential, delta p, is composed of two parameters, a transmembrane electric potential difference, delta psi, and a transmembrane proton gradient, delta pH, according to the formula delta p = delta psi -(A x delta pH). Membrane potentials were determined with use of potential-sensitive cyanine dyes. The delta psi for both Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies capri and Mycoplasma gallisepticum was -48 mV +/- 10%, with the inside negative; the delta psi of Acholeplasma laidlawii was -28mV +/- 20%. The delta pH was determined by measuring the distribution of [14C]5,5-dimethyl oxazolidine-2,4-dione between the intracellular space and the medium. The intracellular pH of glycolyzing mycoplasmas was generally more alkaline than the extracellular medium: at an external pH of 7.0, the internal pH was 7.4 and hence delta pH = 0.4, a value corresponding to -24 mV. Thus, the delta p of both M. mycoides subspecies capri and M. gallisepticum was calculated to be -72 mV and that of A. laidlawii, to be 52 mV. The data further indicate that the delta p is generated by a membrane bound electrogenic, proton-translocating adenosine triphosphatase that operates in the direction of hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphatase, which formed by glycolysis, and leads to proton extrusion. PMID- 7123059 TI - Role of membrane sterols in Mycoplasma capricolum. AB - A low level of cholesterol in lanosterol-rich membranes of Mycoplasma capricolum exerts a synergistic effect on growth while leaving the bulk physical state of the membrane unchanged. This observation has led to the proposal that cholesterol may serve a dual role in membranes: one as a bulk component and another of a more specialized nature involving cholesterol-specific interactions. Lanosterol, while competent as a bulk membrane sterol, cannot effectively perform the second function. The fact that a low level of cholesterol in lanosterol-rich cells specifically alters the ability of these cells to incorporate unsaturated fatty acids suggests that this more specialized role for cholesterol may be concerned with fatty acid transport or phospholipid biosynthesis. PMID- 7123060 TI - [Changes in intestinal absorption of the segment excluded by jejuno-ileal bypass. Experimental study]. PMID- 7123061 TI - [Electrocardiographic changes in acute cholecystitis]. PMID- 7123062 TI - [The importance of the revascularization of the deep femoral artery on the improvement of sexual potency in patients subjected to aortofemoral bypass]. PMID- 7123063 TI - [Cimetidine in the treatment of recurrent ulcer after partial gastrectomy]. PMID- 7123064 TI - [Fulminant hepatitis in patients with mixed connective tissue disease under antitubercular treatment with hydrazide and rifampicin]. PMID- 7123065 TI - [Determination of serum iron and transport capacity of iron by transferrin]. PMID- 7123066 TI - Potency control of live, attenuated vaccines against measles used in children vaccinations in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil [1976-1980]. PMID- 7123067 TI - Total serum IgE levels and eosinophil counts in trichiuriasis. PMID- 7123068 TI - [Influenza in Sao Paulo 1976-1978]. PMID- 7123069 TI - [Progressive supranuclear paralysis. Nosographic considerations concerning an anatomo-clinical case series]. PMID- 7123070 TI - Unusual visual field in hydrocephalus after hemispherectomy. Case report. PMID- 7123071 TI - [Paraclinoid aneurysm treated with a Sundt clip. Case report]. PMID- 7123072 TI - [Atypical case of non-transitory global amnesia]. PMID- 7123073 TI - [Neurologic complications of monochloroacetylajmaline poisoning]. PMID- 7123074 TI - [Bilateral giant hyperostotic meningioma. Case presentation]. PMID- 7123077 TI - [Negative phototaxis and conditioning in the planarian Dugesia dorotocephala]. PMID- 7123075 TI - [Functional microsurgery of the spinal cord (preliminary note)]. PMID- 7123078 TI - [Hypokalemic periodic paralysis. Clinical case and etiopathogenetic considerations]. PMID- 7123076 TI - [Functional neurosurgery in the treatment of neurogenic bladder. Preliminary note]. PMID- 7123079 TI - [Fisher's syndrome. Considerations concerning a case]. PMID- 7123080 TI - [Protracted neurologic, tetanic and syncopal syndrome as a complication of idiopathic hypoparathyroidism with endocranial calcifications]. PMID- 7123081 TI - [Epilepsy and supratentorial brain tumors. Statistical evaluation of 970 cases]. PMID- 7123082 TI - [Clinical variability of Wilson's disease. Presentation of 4 cases]. PMID- 7123083 TI - [Alterations in pyruvate and lactate metabolism in a case of spinocerebellar ataxia of the Pierre-Marie type]. PMID- 7123084 TI - [Present-day health problems associated with environmental pollution. II. Pollution of fodder, fodder admixtures and food. Sanitary state of the country in the field of food supervision]. PMID- 7123085 TI - [Mercury, cadmium and lead in daily food]. PMID- 7123086 TI - [Effect of food processing on the levels of polychlorinated biphenyls]. PMID- 7123087 TI - [The presence of moulds in soup concentrates]. PMID- 7123088 TI - [Toxic metabolites of the mold Penicillium roqueforti]. PMID- 7123090 TI - [Evaluation of physical fitness in youngsters from Warsaw vocational schools]. PMID- 7123089 TI - [Nutritive value of daily food rations of adolescents living in boarding schools. I. Content of basic constituents]. PMID- 7123091 TI - [Ultraviolet spectrophotometric determination of benzoic acid content of fruit products, soft sparkling beverages and tomato concentrates. II. Its content in marketed products]. PMID- 7123092 TI - [Determination of urea herbicide residues in plant matter]. PMID- 7123093 TI - [Effect of layer formation in water-mineral oil mixtures on plankton and on the sanitary evaluation of water. I. Studies under laboratory conditions]. PMID- 7123094 TI - [Pesticide residues present in the waters used for community purposes in the city of Lodd and Poznan and in Warsaw, Szczecin, Zielona Gora and Wroclaw provinces]. PMID- 7123095 TI - [Use of selected naturally demineralized waters from depths of mines in the Upper Silesian coal mining region for medical prophylaxis]. PMID- 7123096 TI - [Effects of detergents on iodophor toxicity. II. Effects of detergents on iodophor absorption through the skin]. PMID- 7123097 TI - [Epidemiology of digestive system diseases]. PMID- 7123098 TI - [Digestive hormones and their actions on the gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 7123099 TI - [Duodenal ulcerative disease without ulcer]. PMID- 7123100 TI - Immunoglobulin A in diabetics. AB - Serum immunoglobulins G, A and M were investigated by radial immunodiffusion in a group of 217 diabetics (133 males, 84 females) of whom 152 were insulin dependent and 65 non-insulin dependent. Higher values of IgA as compared with IgG and IgM were observed whatever the criteria of clinical analysis used. The highest IgA values were found in diabetics aged over 65 at the onset of disease and in those with renal complications. PMID- 7123104 TI - Immunologic investigation in cardiomyopathies. AB - A group of 6 patients with congestive cardiomyopathy were investigated from the immunologic pint of view. Changes of serum immunoglobulins with increase of IgA and IgM were observed in all the patients. The immunofluorescence test in myocardial fragments, taken by transparietal biopsy from the six patients, confirmed the presence of IgA and IgG in two cases. A pathogenic immunologic mechanism is discussed in cardiomyopathies and especially in the alcoholic one. PMID- 7123105 TI - Gout, pseudogout and rheumatoid arthritis in an elderly patient. AB - The simultaneous occurrence of gout, pseudogout and rheumatoid arthritis in a 62 year-old patient is reported. Diagnosis of the rheumatic disorders was supported by biochemical serological and microscopical findings. PMID- 7123107 TI - The hepatic component in alcoholic encephalopathy. AB - In a group of 34 chronic alcohol addicts with neuropsychic manifestations- alcoholic encephalopathy (AE)--and 9 subjects with chronic non-alcoholic liver diseases, biochemical (ammonemia, pyruvicemia, lactacidemia), enzymatic (gamma glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GPT)) and morphological assays were carried out comparatively with conventional liver investigations. Alcoholic liver disease was found present in 16 patients (47%). A peculiar biochemical profile was observed in subjects with hepato-alcoholic encephalopathy: ammonemia 191.3 +/- 70.3 gamma %, pyruvicemia 2.7 +/- 0.82 mg %, lactacidemia 15.76 mg % and gamma-GPT 80.5 U/l, as compared with ammonemia 121 +/- 33.5 gamma %, pyruvicemia 2.74 +/- 1.2 mg %, lactacidemia 16.65 mg % and gamma-GPT 42.6 U/l in AE without hepatic disease, and in non-alcoholic liver diseases in which ammonemia was 88.6 gamma % (in chronic hepatitis) and 126.3 gamma % (in hepatic cirrhosis). Thus, coexisting involvement of the liver and presence of portal-systemic shunts in AE can be estimated by the assay of certain biochemical and enzymatic parameters. PMID- 7123109 TI - Ergonovine test in coronary disease. AB - The authors present the role of the Ergonovine test in establishing the diagnosis of the angina produced by coronary spasm. ECG alterations induced by Ergonovine, like transparietal ischemia (monophasic wave) or subendocardic ischemia, not only make possible a correct diagnosis, but they also underline the mechanism of angina and the therapeutical measures. Severe arrhythmias and the danger of sudden death are the two elements illustrating the importance of this coronary spastic mechanism. Nitroglycerine, isosorbidinitrate and calcium antagonists are the drugs of election for the prevention and also for the treatment of coronary spasm. PMID- 7123110 TI - Serum myoglobin in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. AB - Serum myoglobin (Mgl) level was studied by the method of passive hemagglutination inhibition in 128 patients of whom 65 with acute myocardial infarction, 27 with unstable angina and 36 with various diseases as well as in 197 apparently normal subjects. The immunologic determination of serum myoglobin by the passive hemagglutination inhibition reaction was proved useful in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) since in 95.3% of the cases myoglobin was found present in the serum in concentrations of 100-4.800 ng/ml depending on the moment of blood collection and the severity of infarction. The passive hemagglutination inhibition reaction for the determination of serum Mgl is superior to the biochemical tests (transaminases) both by the proportion of positive results obtained (95.3% by the Mgl test as compared with 73.8% by the transaminase test) and by its precocity, Mgl appearing in the serum within the first 1-2 hrs after onset of infarction. In the cases of AMI with negative or uninterpretable biochemical tests and/or ECG, serum Mgl determination can be decisive for the diagnosis. The presence of serum Mgl in 37.5% of the cases with intermediary syndrome (unstable angina) suggests the existence of some microfoci of myocardial necrosis undetectable by the usual biochemical or electric methods. Serum Mgl determination by the passive hemagglutination inhibition reaction is a relatively simple method, rapid (the results are obtained 1-2 hrs after blood collection) and practical since it can be performed in any laboratory with the usual equipment. PMID- 7123113 TI - Two multidimensional methods applied to the study of cardiovascular risk factor. AB - In the epidemiologic study of chronic diseases, especially that of cancer and heart disease, it is often necessary to resort not only to the work of epidemiologists but also to that of mathematicians and statisticians. The present study is an application of two main methods of multivariate analysis -- factorial analysis and canonical correlation analysis -- to the determination of the evolution of the risk to develop coronary heart disease in an urban population. PMID- 7123112 TI - Transintimal clefts or "channels" of normal and atherosclerotic coronary arteries (a preliminary study). AB - Transintimal clefts or "channels" have been found in the coronary arteries of children, adolescents, young and mature adults up to 40 years old; they appeared on light microscope examination as sinusoid-like spaces running from the endothelium to the internal elastic membrane. The mean luminal diameter was 5-6 micrometers, and the maximum density per mm2 varied between 15 (anterior descending artery) and 3 (left main coronary artery). Transintimal clefts or "channels" developed as cylindrical tunnels into the intimal connective tissue surrounded by a coat of ground substance rich in heparan sulfate; blood red cells, leucocytes and platelets were not present in their lumen. In serial cross sections and camera lucida drawings transintimal "channels" appeared as blind tubes ending either in the inner or outer half of the thickened intima or at the intima-media frontier. We were unable to reveal connections with media vasa vasorum. Atherosclerotic plaques undergoing a mucoid transformation or submitted to swelling and/or dissecting necrosis occurred constantly connected with the coronary artery lumen by transintimal "channels". Many light microscopic pictures suggested that the necrotizing agent(s) of plasma spreads along the course of transintimal "channels" and reached the basal intimal regions or the basal areas of developing and preexisting atherosclerotic plaques. The implications of the presence of transintimal clefts or "channels" in the pathogenesis of human atherosclerosis are discussed. PMID- 7123111 TI - The Bucharest multifactorial prevention trial of coronary heart disease. General methodology and risk factor correction after five year follow-up (1971-1977). AB - Both the intervention and the control group included each 5000 men aged 40-60 years, randomly selected by their home address in five districts of the city of Bucharest. The intervention group underwent an "at entry" examination for risk factor detection (high serum cholesterol, high blood pressure, overweight, diabetes, minor ECG abnormalities, family history) and subsequently a five-year multifactorial intervention aimed to reduce the risk factors. Both groups were followed up in this lapse of time for major end-points: myocardial infarction, stroke, sudden death. The qualitative analysis of the results used ten evolution indices based on a quantal counting and lead to a classification of risk factors which allowed the setting up of a strategy for their correction. The quantitative analysis showed the following decreases between the first and the last examination in the intervention group: for serum cholesterol greater than or equal to 250 mg/dl -17%; for cigarettes/day greater than or equal to 15-53%; for overweight greater than or equal to 30% - 13.57%; for high blood pressure -8%; for the overall risk computed by multiple regression -33.8%. PMID- 7123115 TI - A rapid method for the detection of circulating immune complexes in biological fluids by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. AB - Owing to their great content in neuraminic acid and/or nucleic acids, most of the circulating immune complexes run significantly faster as unbound gammaglobulins during agar gel electrophoresis. Therefore, because of their immunoglobulin components they can be easily detected in the alpha-1, inter-alpha, alpha-2 and beta fractions with monospecific anti-Ig-sera by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. The presence of Factor III of complement and of fibrinogen, in some cryoglobulins can be proved in the some way. Finally, nucleic acid content (both RNA and DNA), and presence of neuraminic acid in precipitated immune complexes can be demonstrated by usual histologic methods (Giemsa, methyl green-pyronine, PAS or Aminoff) on washed and dried slides. PMID- 7123114 TI - Detection of lymphocytic Fc receptors with 125I-labelled protein A. AB - An attempt is made to improve the methodology for the detection of lymphocytic Fc receptors, using 125I-labelled protein A from Staphylococcus Aureus (125ISpA) and different immunoglobulins G such as human monomer IgG, Fc antiserum and swine Fc+F'c antiserum. The working conditions and sources of error that might affect the results were established. This methodology was applied to the study of leukemia, chronic hepatitis, allergic diseases and normal cases. In the chronic lymphoid leukemia cases the determinations were repeated at different clinico biological stages. The values obtained in these cases have always been higher than normal. This method may be used for rapid determination of the presence of Fc receptors; its application in the clinic would furnish useful data. It still remains to be established whether determination of these lymphocytic receptors might contribute data that can be corroborated by the response to the immunodepressor treatment applied in some cases. PMID- 7123116 TI - Symposium on "The contribution of interdisciplinary research to the progress of internal medicine" (Bucharest, October 23 and 24, 1981) Abstracts. PMID- 7123117 TI - Medical clinical thought. PMID- 7123118 TI - New possibilities in colour echotomography (computer-aided colour echotomography). AB - The present work discusses the technical bases and clinical significance of colour echography. Connecting the echograph to a high capacity computer through a Videotron permits the processing of colour images with the help of clinical programmes. This increases the accuracy of the diagnosis, and broadens the sphere of application of echography. PMID- 7123119 TI - Sleep induced by electrical stimulation of the optic nerves in tortoise (Emys orbicularis). PMID- 7123120 TI - Sleep induced by intraventricular administration of serotonin and melatonin in tortoise (Emys orbicularis). PMID- 7123121 TI - Interrelation at plasmatic level between antiepileptic drugs and lipids. Its implications in the efficiency of treatment in epilepsy. III. Changes induced by phenobarbital or/and diphenylhydantoin in serum lipids, lipoproteins and cortisol. PMID- 7123122 TI - [Critical study of patella alta. I. Comparison of results of methods for measuring patellar height in 100 control subjects]. AB - The vertical patellar position is a function of patellar tendon length. Various easily-performed radiological techniques can be used to establish indices which define patellar height. 200 measurements were carried out on 100 control subjects who were free of knee joint pathology, and the various techniques were subsequently compared. Insall's index which is calculated as patellar tendon length over patellar length appears to be the most convenient measurement to use. When it is difficult to precisely determine the patellar tendon's lower insertion on the tuberosity of the tibia, Caton's or Blackburne and Peel's indices are preferable. Blummensaat's line does not seem to be dependable in view of the variations which were observed. PMID- 7123123 TI - [Critical study of patella alta. II. Patella alta and femoropatellar pathology]. AB - Patella alta is radiologically defined by an Insall index equal to or greater than 1.3. In 50 patients suffering from pain of the femur and patella, roentgenographic studies consisting of a simple profile view and occasionally completed by a view through Smillie's angle with the knee hyperextended, revealed patella alta. The stretching of the patellar tendon is facilitated by excessive tension during growth and by excessively strenuous physical exercises; patella alta can occasionally be complicated by Osgood-Schlatter's or Sinding-Larsen Johansson's disease. Ruptured tendons have occasionally been observed. Genu recurvatum can also lead to patella alta. The joint should be routinely examined for excessive mobility. Patella alta is often associated with various affections of the extensor apparatus of the knee: pathology secondary to injury, external malposition, gonarthrosis, supratrochlear erosions of the femur. The importance of the role of this condition with respect to patellar chondromalacia has been estimated to varying degrees. The diagnosis of patella alta should be considered in all cases of knee pain. PMID- 7123124 TI - [Alpha 2 HS-glycoprotein in rheumatoid arthritis. Its plasma concentration and possible biological role]. AB - Alpha 2-HS glycoprotein is one of the plasma proteins found in high concentrations in bone tissue. In order to study the relationship between this glycoprotein plasma concentration and bone damage in rheumatoid arthritis, plasma concentrations of this substance were measured in the serums of 32 patients with rheumatoid arthritis before and after treatment. Our results demonstrated that the concentration of alpha 2-HS glycoprotein, although slightly higher than normal values, did not vary in rheumatoid arthritis. Treatment of the disease did not seem to modify alpha 2-HS glycoprotein plasma levels, whereas other biological and clinical parameters of inflammation improved. The probable biological role of alpha 2-HS glycoprotein in rheumatoid arthritis is debated. PMID- 7123125 TI - [The hemophilic femoropatellar joint]. AB - The knee is the joint most frequently involved in haemophilia. Femoro-tibial damage in chronic arthropathies has been perfectly described. By contrast, lesions of the patella (with the exception of "squaring") have been reported in only a few scanty publications. An attempt was made to define the characteristics by clinical and radiological study (including in addition to lateral films, an analysis of 30, 60 and 90 degrees axial views, even though these were often made difficult by flexion deformity and joint limitation). Femoro-patellar involvement was seen to be very frequent with various lesions: rarely "squaring", and more often patellar erosions or femoro-patellar incongruence (either pre-existing dysplasia or secondary to haemarthrosis) and sometimes actual incarceration (described as "locked patella" by anglo-saxon authors). These concepts are left to have practical consequences in the management of physiotherapy, synoviorthesis and surgery. PMID- 7123126 TI - [Mononucleated phagocytes from rheumatoid synovial fluid. Synthesis of prostanoids and first pharmacological applications]. AB - An original and easily reproducible technique for isolating and culturating mononucleated phagocytes from rheumatoid synovial fluid was used by the authors to study the synthesis of PGE2, PGF alpha 2 and TxB2 by macrophages taken from 16 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The functional importance of these macrophages was evaluated by comparing their ratios of prostaglandin synthesis. PGE2 and TxB2 are released in large quantities and are increased after stimulation with zymosan. Two distinct cell populations having different biochemical characteristics were identified from these macrophages based on their capacity to synthesize prostaglandins. Prostaglandin synthesis was correlated with the clinical progression of rheumatoid arthritic disease as evaluated by Lee's index and the time required to loosen up morning joint stiffness in these patients. No correlation was found between prostaglandin synthesis and the quantity of synovial fluid in the affected joint. The first results of a pharmacological study evaluating the activity of non steroid anti-inflammatory drugs using this experimental model are presented here. The addition of indomethacin to culture medium produces dose-dependent inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. PMID- 7123128 TI - [Results more than five years after osmic acid synoviorthesis of the rheumatoid knee]. AB - Osmic acid synoviorthesis is an adjuvant form of local treatment for rheumatoid arthritis, the value of which has been demonstrated by a large number of studies over some 30 years. However, it is widely considered that the stability of the results of this type of synoviorthesis is less satisfactory than that obtained with isotope synoviorthesis and that osmic acid may damage the articular cartilage. The authors analyzed the results of a retrospective study of 90 rheumatoid knees treated by this method with a follow-up of more than 5 years (mean period 9 years). With such a follow-up, a satisfactory clinical result was seen in 44.5 p. cent of cases and radiological evaluation of the knees treated showed no worsening in initial signs in an identical percentage of cases. Best results were obtained in joints where there was little radiological damage and in cases of inflammatory or only moderately progressive arthritis, good results may also be hoped for in more severe or advanced cases. The good overall quality of the results obtained with a mean follow-up of 9 years would be in favour of the value of osmic acid synoviorthesis in the local treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7123127 TI - [Serum gastrin in rheumatoid arthritis]. AB - Serum gastrin concentrations under basal conditions and following stimulation were assessed in 40 patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and compared with healthy individuals. The RA groups showed no significant differences in comparison with the control population. These conclusions lead the authors to seek the reasons for the rare instances of confirmed hypergastrinaemia in RA. PMID- 7123129 TI - [Rapid destructive arthropathy of the shoulder. Clinical, radiographic and anatomopathological data]. PMID- 7123130 TI - [Acute suboccipital neck pain of calcifying origin]. PMID- 7123131 TI - Hyperthyroidism and pregnancy. II. Thyroid function in normal pregnancy and in pregnancy associated with hyperthyroidism. AB - Starting from the diagnostic difficulties when hyperthyroidism is associated with pregnancy, PBI, total T4 and free thyroxin, triiodothyronine (T3), rT3, TBG, TSH and LATS were assayed in a group of euthyroid pregnant women (136) more or less equally distributed between month 2 and 9 of pregnancy; the same tests were applied to 14 pregnant hyperthyroid women (month 2-3), the latter also undergiving a test for urinary elimination of catecholamines. The results were referred to the normal values of techniques employed. The work presents the alterations in the thyroid status parameters when pregnancy is associated with hyperthyroidism, as against normal pregnancy, pointing out the need for performing a complex set of assays "in vitro" in order to establish correctly the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism in pregnancy and apply the right therapy at the right moment. Increased T3 and free T4 levels in hyperthyroidism referred to an increased TBG level in euthyroid pregnancy are considered as discriminators. PMID- 7123132 TI - Patterns of urinary 17-ketosteroid fractions in hirsutism. AB - Fractionated 17-ketosteroids were determined in 60 females with hirsutism. The chromatographic method was adapted in the Oncological Institute of Cluj-Napoca. In 32 patients the idiopathic form of hirsutism was confirmed with normal results for all the fractions and only sometimes a slight rise of androsterone. In 18 patients an ovarian origin was affirmed; all of them had androsterone and etiocholanolone over normal limits. In ten patients, who had an adrenal origin of hirsutism the great values of DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) were observed. In one patient with virilizing adrenal tumour, both total 17-ketosteroids, and all fractions were much elevated DHEA being over 100 mg/24 hours. PMID- 7123133 TI - Xeroradiography--a method for exploring the thyroid gland pathology. AB - The authors discuss the diagnostic value of xeroradiography, an up-to-date method elaborated and applied for the first time in diagnosing thyroid pathology. Emphasis is placed on the method as it affords on the same xerogram a very good image of the soft tissues and bones. A xeroradiographic image of the cervical and cervico-lateral areas allows an assessment of the position, volume and other changes in the same area. The authors insist that the data gathered in this way allow a more correct evaluation needed in establishing the surgical procedure and in traheoanesthesia. The diagnostic accuracy of the data obtained in 50 cases of various forms of thyroid pathology, compared to the intraoperatory data as well as the fact that the method creates no discomfort to the patient enable the authors to recommend thyroid xeroradiography as a valuable, non-invasive method now available to the endocrine clinician, especially to the endocrine surgeon and anesthesist. PMID- 7123134 TI - Histochemical and enzymatic study of the thyroid nodule. AB - Twenty-four cases of uninodular and polynodular thyreopathy subjected to partial or total thyroidectomy in 1980--1981 were studied. At the same time with the general morphological study, the activity of the following cellular enzymes in the thyroidian tissue were assayed: lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), glutamic oxalacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvate transaminase (CPT) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK). Correlations between the morphophysiopathology of the thyroid nodule and its enzymatic activity have been made. PMID- 7123135 TI - The development of the hypothalamo-hypophysial portal system in human fetus. AB - In the earliest stages of development of the nervous system, the hypophysial stalk has a horizontal disposition (having, above the hypothalamus and below the anterior lobe of the hypophysis, a group of cells placed in the sella turcica). The stalk becomes vertical in the VI--VII month of fetal life. Until the stage corresponding to the length of 92 mm vertex--coccis of the fetus, few blood vessels are to be found in this region; they follow the stalk's direction. These vessels originate from a vascular network which lies in the post-tuberal region being also considered the origin of a "special" kind of vessel observed very early in the hypophysis development. The veins can be found later at the 140 mm vertex-coccis fetus. Their structure is much like the structure of the portal vessels in the adult. At their proximal end their aspect can be referred to as an anastomotic arterio-venous system. After 7 months of development the vessels resemble their adult form, being however less numerous. PMID- 7123136 TI - Intrasellar aneurysm simulating a pituitary tumor. PMID- 7123137 TI - Estrogen and progesterone receptors in relation to tissue and plasma estrogens, in predicting hormone dependency in human breast cancer. PMID- 7123138 TI - A hypothetical natriuretic hormone. PMID- 7123139 TI - The effect of pineal treatment and pinealectomy on prolactin in rats. AB - Administration of melatonin-free pineal extract in doses of 2 ml/day/animal along 3 or 7 days caused a statistically significant decrease in the rat serum prolactin level by 28 and 25% respectively, as against the controls. Pinealectomy caused a statistically significant increase in the serum prolactin level by 34% as against the intact controls and by 30% as against the sham-operated ones. The authors discuss their completely oposite results and the role of the pineal gland on prolactin. PMID- 7123141 TI - [Postirradiation changes of sialic acid levels in serum, urine and blood vessels of rats and guinea pigs]. PMID- 7123140 TI - Effect of cadmium chloride on adrenal function in the white rat. AB - Wistar female rats were given 0.5 mgCd+2/kg b.w. in the form of CdCl2, in drinking water, administered by intragastric probe daily for 90 days, and a dose of 5 mg/Cd+2/kg b.w. subcutaneously administered once a week, for a period of 30 days. The adrenal gland functional status was investigated by glycogen, total lipid, ascorbic acid content, organ weight and histometric measurements. No changes were observed in the animal which received intragastric Cd. Subcutaneous administration of 5 mgCd+2 determined a significant increase in organ weight as against the controls, with a widening of the fascicular stratum, and a marked decrease in glycogen, total lipids and ascorbic acid, parallel with high values of 17-ketosteroids. The data revealed a toxic effect of cadmium upon the adrenals, evidenced by a hyperactivity. Adrenal glycogen, total lipids and ascorbic acid depletion evoked a stimulated ACTH hormone release with a high rate of excreted 17-ketosteroids. PMID- 7123142 TI - [Changes in the maturation process and survival of thrombocytes in rats subjected to whole-body irradiation with exposure of 2 Gy 60Co]. PMID- 7123143 TI - [Abuse of antibiotics in contemporary medicine]. PMID- 7123144 TI - [Cardiac changes in patients with bacterial meningitis]. PMID- 7123145 TI - Effect of hyaluronic acid on polymorphonuclear leucocyte cell surface properties. AB - Polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL) were incubated with hyaluronic acid (HA), and then characterized with respect to their surface properties. Surface analysis was achieved by partitioning in systems of dextran and poly(ethylenglycol) (PEG), with part of the PEG exchanged for positively charged trimethylamino-PEG or hydrophobic PEG-palmitate. The results indicate that HA caused increased exposure of hydrophobic and of negatively charged groups on the PMNL surface. These findings may be relevant for the biological effects of HA on PMNL function and cell-cell interactions. PMID- 7123146 TI - Mechanisms of immune haemolysis: cell-dependent destruction of autologous red blood cells in penicillin-induced haemolytic anaemia. AB - The mechanisms of red blood cell destruction in 2 patients with penicillin induced immune haemolytic anaemia were investigated. Anti-penicillin antibodies of the IgG subclass were found in the patients' sera and in the eluates of their direct antiglobulin positive red blood cells. Using a rapid 51Cr in vitro assay it was shown that fresh peripheral blood mononuclear phagocytes and granulocytes but not lymphocytes from both patients lysed and phagocytosed autologous red blood cells previously treated in vivo or in vitro by penicillin and autologous anti-penicillin antibody. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) as well as antibody-dependent phagocytosis (ADPh) were proportional to serum concentration and to the number of attacking cells. Anti-penicillin antibody from 1 patient activated the complement system in vitro but failed to induce lysis of penicillin-treated red blood cells in the presence of complement. These results suggest that ADCC as well as ADPh participate in the destruction of red blood cells in penicillin-induced haemolysis in vivo. PMID- 7123147 TI - Collagen and bleeding diathesis in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. AB - There are at least 7 variants of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS). One family with type 1, one with type 3 and one isolated case with an undefined type of EDS are described. They all had bleeding symptoms, but surgery had been performed without complications. Collagen is believed to be defective in EDS. However, in our cases the platelet aggregating power of the collagen was normal. The bleeding time (Ivy) was slightly prolonged. Extensive examination of the haemostatic process revealed a decreased platelet adhesiveness in only 2 of the patients, a finding believed to be coincidental. The history of former operations on the patients and on affected relatives is considered to be the best guide in determining the risk of an operation, but preoperative estimation of the bleeding time is recommended. PMID- 7123148 TI - Influence of residual splenic tissue on the presence of vacuolated erythrocytes in splenectomized patients. AB - In normals without impairment of the splenic function, less than 1% of the circulating erythrocytes are vacuolated. Autotransplantation of splenic tissue (splenosis) or growth of accessory spleens may occur after splectomy. 39 patients splenectomized after traumatic rupture of the spleen were investigated by spleen Tc-scanning, employing heat-damaged autologous erythrocytes, and the splenic filter function was studied by counting the % of vacuolated erythrocytes using interference-phase-contrast microscopy. Residual splenic tissue was detected in 18 patients and in these the median % of vacuolated erythrocytes was found to be significantly lower than in patients without ectopic splenic tissue (21.0% versus 44.8%, P less than 0.01). There was, however, a marked overlap between the 2 groups. The reason for this might be that very small splenic implants are not detected by Tc-scanning. PMID- 7123149 TI - Osmotic erythrocyte fragility and ABO blood groups. PMID- 7123150 TI - Ticarcillin-induced immune haemolytic anaemia. AB - Immune haemolytic anaemia may be induced by high doses of benzylpenicillin. A small number of cases have also followed the administration of semisynthetic penicillins in addition to benzylpenicillin. We have observed immune haemolytic anemia consequent on ticarcillin administration in a patient who had previously received benzylpenicillin. Although the antibody agglutinated penicillin-treated and ticarcillin-treated cells it was demonstrated by serum fractionation to be IgG. PMID- 7123151 TI - Iron absorption from ferritin and ferric hydroxide. AB - Ferritin and ferric hydroxide represent two forms of iron which are less available for absorption than that present in the 'common pool' of non-haem dietary iron. In the present study the absorption of iron from these two compounds was compared in 35 multiparous women when fed in water, in maize porridge and in maize porridge containing 100 mg ascorbic acid. The geometric mean absorption for 3 mg ferritin iron was 0.7% and for ferric hydroxide, 2.4%. Comparable figures when fed with maize porridge were 0.4% and 0.4% respectively. When 100 mg ascorbic acid was present in the porridge, absorption was enhanced from both sources, being 12.1% for ferritin and 10.5% for ferric hydroxide. These results indicate that the fraction of iron in ferritin and ferric hydroxide that enters the 'common pool' of non-haem dietary iron is profoundly influenced by the nature of the diet. The greater the concentration of enhancing ligands, the closer does the absorption of iron from these compounds approximate that of the non-haem dietary iron pool. PMID- 7123152 TI - Acute iron intoxication with abruptly reduced levels of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. AB - A 17-year-old girl swallowed at least 50 Duroferon duretter. Each tablet contains ferrous sulphate equivalent to 0.1 g Fe2+. Thus, a total of 5 g Fe2+ was ingested. Vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors dropped within the next hours to very low levels. Thrombotest showed less than 3% of normal coagulation activity 8 h after oral intake. Recovery was uneventful except for laboratory evidence of transient liver damage. The rapidity by which the early coagulation deficiencies developed and the lack of evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation suggested a direct effect of iron on coagulation factors. In vitro studies confirmed that iron in concentrations that may have been attained in vivo, altered the functional activity of several coagulation factors. Monitoring the vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors may be a simple and useful parameter in acute iron intoxication. PMID- 7123155 TI - Does preincubation of the red blood cells contribute to the capability of the osmotic fragility test to detect very mild forms of hereditary spherocytosis? AB - During incubation for 24 h at 37 degrees C, erythrocytes from patients with hereditary spherocytosis (HS) undergo a greater increase in osmotic fragility than do normal cells, and this procedure has been recommended for differentiating more clearly between patients with very mild HS and normal subjects. The greater effect of preincubation on erythrocytes from patients with HS was confirmed, but, except in cases demonstrating a markedly increased osmotic fragility before incubation, this effect was outweighed by a simultaneous loss of test precision. It therefore seems that preincubation does not significantly contribute to the capability of the osmotic fragility test to detect very mild forms of HS. PMID- 7123154 TI - Function ex vivo of 111In-labelled human platelets. Simultaneous aggregation of labelled and unlabelled platelets induced by collagen. AB - The function of 111In-labelled platelets has been assessed by collagen-induced aggregation of platelets in samples of whole blood. The blood samples were drawn after injection of autologous 111In-labelled platelets in 19 subjects undergoing platelet kinetic studies. It was thus possible to measure the aggregability of labelled and unmanipulated platelets simultaneously. 111In-labelled platelets aggregated to the same extent as unmanipulated platelets when tested from 10 min to 24 h after injection of the labelled platelets. The results confirm the assumption that minimal damage is inflicted on the platelets during the isolation and labelling procedures, and support the concept that platelets manipulated in vitro may recover in vivo within a few minutes after reinjection. PMID- 7123153 TI - The platelet factor 3 assay and circulating immune complexes as studied on non thrombocytopenic patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Sera from 21 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were tested with a platelet factor 3 (PF3) assay. A control serum (pooled blood group AB serum) was always run in parallel with the test sera. The test and control sera were run in duplicate and for each patient the mean recalcification time was used for the calculation of the test serum: AB serum ratio. Concomitantly, the patients' serum concentrations of circulating immune complexes (CIC) were measured by using the Raji cell radioimmunoassay. 20 healthy hospital employees served as controls. In the latter subjects the mean test serum: AB serum ratio was 0.99 (range 0.92 1.09), their CIC concentrations being less than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml. 7 of the SLE patients had CIC values less than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml, and their test serum: AB serum ratios ranged 0.95-1.09. All the remaining SLE patients had elevated values for CIC. In the total material of SLE there was a highly significant (r = -0.87; P less than 0.001) negative correlation between the test serum: AB serum ratios and the values for CIC. It is widely held that the so-called PF3 immunoinjury test detects circulating antiplatelet antibodies. The present results, however, strongly suggest that the assay rather or also detects CIC which like antiplatelet antibodies may damage platelets as we and others have shown in prior publications. PMID- 7123156 TI - Erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in polycythaemias. PMID- 7123158 TI - The immunological reactivity of the three homologous repetitive tetrapeptides in the region 41-64 of allergen M from cod. PMID- 7123157 TI - In vitro production of monoclonal and polyclonal immunoglobulins by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in human plasma cell myeloma. AB - The in vitro monoclonal and polyclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) production of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was studied in human multiple myeloma (four IgG myelomas, one IgA myeloma) and in one patient with benign monoclonal gammopathy. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with anti-class-specific antisera and antisera against idiotypic structures on the myeloma protein, it was possible to quantitate separately monoclonal and polyclonal Ig of the same class in cell culture supernatants. After stimulation with pokeweed mitogen (PWM) patients' cells produced lower amounts of polyclonal Ig than cells from healthy adults. In contrast, production of monoclonal Ig could not be enhanced by PWM. Moreover, the kinetics of monoclonal Ig production was different from that of polyclonal Ig. Myeloma cells contained large amounts of monoclonal Ig while their content of polyclonal Ig was low. A rapid release of preformed monoclonal Ig during the first day of culture was not inhibited by puromycin. A later phase of release was partly suppressed by puromycin and was probably caused by active protein synthesis. PMID- 7123159 TI - Comparison of radioimmunological and conventional acid phosphatase assays in the serum of prostatic cancer patients. AB - Measurements of serum prostatic acid phosphatase concentrations (PAP) by radioimmunoassay (RIA) were compared with the conventional measurements of serum acid phosphatase activities using p-nitrophenylphosphate (pNPP, tot.) and magnesium thymolphthalein monophosphate (TMP) as substrates and L(+)-tartrate (pNPP, tr.) as inhibitor in five prostatic cancer patients before therapy and in 13 during therapy. Elevated serum acid phosphatase activities were detected in 2, 2 and 3 of the 5 untreated patients when using pNPP (tot.), pNPP (tr.) and TMP enzyme assays, respectively. RIA for PAP detected elevated concentrations of the enzyme in 4 of these patients' sera. Three of the patients without metastases and one patient with suspected metastases had elevated concentrations of PAP by RIA. Serum acid phosphatase isoenzyme 2, which is mainly of prostatic origin, was separated chromatographically from serum samples with increased acid phosphatase activity. It represented 60--92% of the total activity, when TMP was used as substrate. Significant correlations (beta less than 0.001) were observed between all conventional enzyme activity measurements used and PAP by RIA within the whole patient group (n = 18), but no correlations existed within the patient group (p = 6) of high normal, or low abnormal serum PAP (2.7--6.6 micrograms/l). In addition, PAP measured by RIA better reflected the clinical state of the 13 patients under treatment than the conventional enzyme assays investigated. PMID- 7123161 TI - Volume augmentation cystoplasty and persistent urgency. PMID- 7123160 TI - Cysto-urethrographic appearance of the bladder and posterior urethra in neuromuscular disorders of the lower urinary tract. AB - Cysto-urethrography in the straight lateral projection with simultaneous intravesical pressure recording was performed in 57 patients with localized neurological lesions at different levels. All patients were previously extensively evaluated urodynamically. Bladder trabeculation was not related to level of neurological lesion or reflex pattern of the detrusor. Serration of the bladder wall was a reliable sign of a contracting detrusor in bladders without severe trabeculation. Open bladder neck at rest was related to lesion of the peripheral parasympathetic nervous system, while supposed insufficient bladder neck opening during voiding could be related neither to pressure-flow parameters nor to site of neurological lesion. No specific configuration of bladder or urethra could be related to lesion of the sympathetic nervous system. PMID- 7123162 TI - Function of the intestinal substituted bladder. AB - Bladder function of 15 patients treated with total cystectomy, subtotal cystectomy or bladder resection, combined with sigmoidal, caecal or ileal cystoplasty, was evaluated with synchronous bladder pressure-flow electromyography studies. Micturition was good or satisfactory in 14 patients. Eight patients had nocturnal incontinence. Bladder-sphincter dyssynergia of varying degree impaired the function of the intestinal substituted bladder in 9 patients. However, in selected cases intestinal cystoplasty is the best solution for retaining the normal way of voiding. After total cystoprostatectomy it is possible to replace the motor function of the bladder with sigmoidal cystoplastic substitution of the bladder. Patients with sigmoidal bladders also gradually developed sensations of fullness closely simulating those of their earlier bladders. PMID- 7123163 TI - DNA pattern, histological grade and multiplicity related to recurrence rate in superficial bladder tumours. AB - In 477 patients with superficial bladder tumours Ta or T1 the frequency of tumour recurrence was studied and related to histological grading and presence of single or multiple tumours. Furthermore the DNA pattern was studied in 222 out of these cases and again related to the rate of recurrence. An overall recurrence rate of 71% was found. A threefold increase of the mean annual recurrence rate was found comparing single with multiple (0.42 and 1.22) G1 with G2 (0.28 and 0.87) and diploid with aneuploid tumours (0.52 and 1.54). The highest frequency of annual recurrences of 1.70 was found in the aneuploid tumours with near triploid DNA pattern. This value is close to that of 1.76 found in cases who died from progressive cancer disease. PMID- 7123164 TI - The prognostic value of DNA analysis in primary carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder. AB - 20 patients with primary carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder were studied by flow cytofluorometric DNA analysis (FCM). Aneuploidy, i.e. abnormal DNA pattern, was found in all cases. As a rule the aneuploid cell populations were found in the tri-tetraploid region, corresponding to 70--92 chromosomes in the tumour cell nuclei. In seven cases more than one aneuploid cell line was found. All these seven cases showed progression in the tumour disease within 2 years. By FCM it was also possible to determine the proliferation rate of the tumours and the relative number of aneuploid cells in each tumour cell sample. In progressive cases high values of these two variables were found. PMID- 7123165 TI - Fiberendoscopy of uretero-intestinal diversion. The value of a recent diagnostic and therapeutic modality exemplified by three cases. PMID- 7123166 TI - Cystoscopic forceps biopsies and transurethral resection specimens in the classification of bladder tumours. PMID- 7123168 TI - Nephron function in postischemic acute renal failure. AB - Acute renal failure was induced in rats by clamping the renal artery for 45 min. After reestablishing renal blood flow, tubular heterogeneity was observed, with (1) seemingly normal tubules, (2) dilated tubules and (3) collapsed tubules. Micropuncture techniques were used to examine the hydrostatic pressures in the different nephrons and superficial vessels, and also to determine single nephron glomerular filtration rate. The dilated tubules showed minimal filtration, due to an elevated intratubular pressure probably caused by obstructions; in these nephrons filtration could be induced by lowering the intratubular pressure. In the "normal" nephrons there was some filtration, as the proximal tubular pressure was only moderately increased. No filtration took place in the collapsed type, probably as a result of glomerular ischemia and consequently decreased glomerular capillary pressure. The kidneys also exhibited isosthenuric polyuria with a reduced potassium secretion. It is suggested that a medullary ischemia will lead to interstitial and intracellular edema and eventually cell necrosis with subsequent formation of obstructions in the loops of Henle. The obstructions would explain the increase in proximal tubular pressure and the decrease in total kidney filtration to about 5% of the normal. It is proposed that the deficient urine concentration ability and the inhibited potassium secretion are caused by the ischemic damage to the renal medulla. PMID- 7123169 TI - Erythrocyte and albumin distribution in the kidney following warm ischemia. A study in rats. AB - A dark zone of probably stagnant erythrocytes, localised primarily to the inner stripe of the outer medulla, is always found in acute renal failure caused by clamping of the renal artery for 45 min. To test the possible accumulation of red cells, the regional renal red cell content was investigated with 51Cr labelled red cells injected before, during and 10 min after the recirculation. Analyses were made of the volumes of (1) cells remaining from the period of clamping, (2) cells aggregated 0--10 min after recirculation and (3) cells still circulating 10 -20 min after recirculation. In the inner stripe the total red cell volume was 21.8 +/- 2.2 microliter . 100 mg-1 (control value 9.3 +/- 0.6), where 26% remained from the period of clamping, 46% had accumulated 0--10 min after recirculation, and only 28% had entered the region 10--20 min after recirculation. The same pattern of response, though less pronounced, was also found in the inner zone. In the cortex the total red cell volume was 6.3 +/- 1.2 microliter . 100 mg-1 (control value 4.4 +/- 0.3), where 24% remained from the period of clamping, 32% were accumulated and 44% remained circulating. The plasma volume as investigated from 131I-labelled albumin was markedly increased in all zones, probably due to extravasation of the tracer. It is suggested that red cell accumulation plays an important role for the medullary ischemia found in ischemic acute renal failure. PMID- 7123170 TI - Experimental obstructive hydronephrosis in newborn rats. II. Long-term effects on renal blood flow distribution. AB - Partial obstruction of one ureter was created in newborn rats. The weights and blood flows (using the 86Rb-extraction method) of the cortex and outer and inner medulla were examined nine weeks later, i.e., in the adult. The obstructed pelvis was found to be enlarged 7-fold. The whole kidney blood flow on the hydronephrotic side was reduced by 10%; this was compensated by an increase on the contralateral side. There was a tendency to redistribution of flow from the cortex to the outer medulla; no other effects on regional flow were observed. The weight of the hydronephrotic kidneys was the same as that of the kidneys in control rats; hence no apparent atrophy was present. In contrast, the contralateral intact kidney was hypertrophied. The weight distribution of the different regions remained unaltered. Thus, the inner medullary weight was unaffected also on the obstructed side, although it showed considerable deformation. In the discussion, it is proposed that atrophy of the hydronephrotic kidney was probably present, but it was not detected because of the biological variation and the small number of observations. This presumed atrophy was uniform in all the regions and parallel with the reduction of whole kidney blood flow; hence the regional flows were relatively unaffected. It is concluded that unilateral partial obstruction in the newborn rat causes (i) discrete, parallel reductions of hydronephrotic kidney weight and flow, which are (ii) unrelated to the size of the obstructed pelvis and (iii) completely compensated by increases in the contralateral intact kidney. PMID- 7123167 TI - Seasonal variation of urinary calcium and oxalate excretion, serum 25(OH)D3 and albumin level in relation to renal stone formation. AB - Seasonal variations in urinary calcium and oxalate excretion, serum 25(OH)D3 and albumin level were studied in 11 normo- and 11 hypercalciuric renal stone formers, in 10 healthy subjects and in 14 long-stay hospital patients during one year. Serum albumin levels increased significantly during May--October in all four groups, whereas no significant changes occurred in serum calcium values when adjusted for differences in serum albumin concentration. Serum 25(OH)D3 level, urinary calcium and oxalate excretion were significantly higher during May- October than November--April in all except the long-stay hospital patients, whose corresponding values showed no seasonal changes and whose serum 25(OH)D3 levels as well as urinary calcium excretion were significantly lower than in the other three groups. The serum 25(OH)D3 level was significantly higher throughout the year in hypercalciuric than normocalciuric stone-formers. The hypercalciuric patients also passed more stones than the normocalciuric patients during a period of 9 years. There was a positive correlation between serum 25(OH)D3 and urinary calcium, between serum 25(OH)D3 and stone episodes and between urinary calcium and stone episodes. Because of this positive correlation, it might be useful to concentrate preventive therapy for recurrent renal stones to the light period only. PMID- 7123171 TI - Nephrotoxicity of plasticizers investigated by 48 hours hypothermic perfusion of dog kidneys. AB - The possible nephrotoxicity of the plasticizers diethyl phthalate and di-2 ethylhexyl phthalate was tested in vitro using a 48 hours continuous pulsatile hypothermic perfusion of canine kidneys with a human albumin perfusion medium. Since polysorbate 80 was used to facilitate the solution of the plasticizers in the perfusion medium, this substance was also tested. Six groups containing 9--15 kidneys were perfused with different amounts of plasticizers and/or polysorbate 80 added. In perfusates containing polysorbate 80 either alone or with one of the two plasticizers, the LDH activity and the potassium concentrations rose significantly higher than in the control group (p less than 0.001). The kidney weight gain was also significantly greater in these groups. A "blind" histological examination of needle biopsies by light microscopy revealed no differences among the groups. Although the biochemical evidence of tissue damage was not tested by re-implantation of the kidneys, we suggest that caution should be exercised in the use of polysorbate 80 in organ perfusion systems. PMID- 7123172 TI - Penile blood pressure in erectile impotence following cystectomy. AB - Penile systolic blood pressure and systolic and diastolic brachial blood pressure were measured in 17 men who had undergone cystectomy and prostatectomy for cancer of the bladder. After the operation, 13 patients reported erectile impotence, while 4 retained sexual potency. Comparisons were made with 7 healthy, potent controls. The systolic penile blood pressure was significantly lower and the systolic pressure gradient between brachial and penile pressure was significantly higher in the men with erectile impotence than in the potent men. Reduced penile blood pressure after such operations may arise from vascular trauma. A surgical technique that protects penile blood vessels may conceivably reduce the risk of erectile impotence following cystectomy. PMID- 7123173 TI - Stimulation of sperm progressive motility by organelles in human seminal plasma. AB - A simple method for objective determination of sperm progressive motility is described. Comparisons were made between results with this method and subjective grading of motility. Although congruence between the two methods was demonstrated, the subjective evaluation had obvious disadvantages. In suspensions of NaCl-washed spermatozoa, seminal plasma was required for progressive motility. Various isotonic salt solutions without seminal plasma were ineffective in this respect. Washed spermatozoa, however, were always motile in a medium consisting of pellet II, obtained from ultracentrifugation of human seminal plasma, thoroughly mixed with isotonic NaCl solution. The progressive sperm motility was two to three times as great in that medium as in seminal plasma mainly devoid of organelles. Magnesium, calcium and zinc ions, in the presence of seminal plasma, could exert stimulatory and inhibitory effects on sperm progressive motility, depending on the concentration of each divalent cation. Magnesium gave the greatest stimulatory and zinc the greatest inhibitory effect. PMID- 7123174 TI - Platelet function in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Platelet function tests were evaluated in 20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 9 of whom displayed thrombocytosis (greater than 400,000 platelets/microliter). Most patients had an enhanced sensitivity to collagen and epinephrine induced aggregation, as compared with a reference group. In contrast, malondialdehyde (MDA) production, an index of platelet arachidonic acid metabolism, was in the normal range for all the patients except 3, who were LE phenomenon positive. The hypersensitivity of platelets to aggregating stimuli was particularly marked in thrombocytotic patients, who also showed the most striking biochemical and clinical abnormality. These findings indicate the crucial role of platelets in the development and self-sustaining of RA. PMID- 7123175 TI - Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVS) A case report. PMID- 7123176 TI - Urogenital involvements and musculoskeletal complaints in women. An interview study and clinical investigation with special reference to chlamydial infections. AB - To study the correlation of urogenital involvements and musculoskeletal complaints in females, 311 randomly selected women, aged 15 to 54, were interviewed. In addition, clinical gynecological examination including isolation and serology of Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) was performed for 30 consecutive volunteers. A history of musculoskeletal complaints occurred in 218 (70.1%) and a history of urogenital involvements in 244 (78.5%) of the 311 women. The number of urogenital involvements in 218 females with musculoskeletal complaints was 453, a significantly higher frequency than the 120 urogenital involvements in 93 females without musculoskeletal complaints. The most important urogenital involvements appeared to be cervicitis, dysuria, Trichomonas vaginalis infections and pyelocystitis/-nephritis. Regarding the musculoskeletal complaints, histories of unexplained dorsalgia and anamnestic joint pains in the extremities occurred more often in the females with a history of urogenital involvements than in those without such a history. There were anamnestic urogenital involvements in 28 (93.3%) of the 30 volunteers. The clinical investigation revealed gynecological disease in only 16 (53.3%). Isolation of Ct was negative in 29 and contaminated in one. Chlamydial immunofluorescence serology was positive (titre greater than 64) in 5 (16.7%). The results of this study speak for the importance of infections in the genito-urinary tract as a possible triggering factor in rheumatic disorders in females. This conception is supported by the correlation of the musculoskeletal complaints especially with past histories of urogenital involvement. No such correlation was found with recent histories of urinary tract involvements, nor with the actual pathological findings of those gynecologically examined. PMID- 7123177 TI - Diaphragm dysfunction in mixed connective tissue disease. A case report. AB - A patient with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) presented the typical signs of respiratory muscle weakness and marked diaphragm dysfunction: reduced maximal ex- and inspiratory transrespiratory pressures (measured at FRC), maximal transdiaphragmatic pressures and transpulmonary pressures at TLC, FRC and RV. this insufficiency of the diaphragm was also responsible for the restrictive ventilatory defect and the decreased static lung compliance with high diffusing capacity per unit lung volume. PMID- 7123178 TI - Enhanced breakdown of bovine articular cartilage proteoglycans by conditioned synovial medium in vitro: a possible role for prostaglandins. AB - Addition of conditioned medium derived from fragment cultures of synovium dissected from bovine knee joints (SM) to cultures of articular cartilage derived from the same animal resulted in a significant increase in breakdown of cartilage proteoglycans, measured as the release of [35S]sulphate from pre-labelled cartilage pieces. Culturing the synovium in the presence of indomethacin (indo SM) at a concentration of 1.4 x 10(-5) mol/l reduced the breakdown-enhancing effect of the SM in some but not in all of the experiments. Addition of prostaglandins E1 or E2 (PGE1 or PGE2) (2.8 x 10(-7)-1.4 x 10(-5) mol/l) together with indo-SM resulted in a significant enhancement of breakdown of cartilage proteoglycans. PGA1, PGB1 and PGF2 alpha(less than 1.5 x 10(-5) mol/l) had, however, no effect in this system. Neither PGE1, PGE2 nor indomethacin at the concentrations mentioned above had any direct effect on breakdown of cartilage proteoglycans. No difference was found between the breakdown enhancing capacity of SM derived from synovium cultured in the presence of indo plus PGE1 or PGE2 (less than 4 x 10(-5) mol/l) and indo-SM. These findings are discussed in terms of cellular interactions. PMID- 7123179 TI - Severe thrombocytopenia in mixed connective tissue disease. PMID- 7123180 TI - Diagnostic criteria of rheumatoid arthritis in children. Proposed criteria for controlled clinical studies. AB - Several different sets of diagnostic criteria of rheumatoid arthritis in children are in practical use. The criteria most widely applied are discussed here, especially with regard to clinical studies. Reasons are presented for the selection of criteria used in the present controlled clinical studies on rheumatic children in Oslo. Three modifications were made in the North-American criteria: 1) disease onset before 16 years of age; 2) persistent arthritis for more than 3 months; 3) biopsy is preferable in monarticular cases, except in patients with chronic iridocyclitis. PMID- 7123181 TI - [Drug hydroxylation disorders (debrisoquin type) in a random sample of the Swiss population]. AB - The hydroxylation phenotype was determined in a sample of the Swiss population consisting of 222 normal unrelated subjects (131 women, 91 men). Following oral administration of a single dose of 19 mg debrisoquine, urine was collected for 8 hours. Urinary concentrations of parent compound and its major metabolite (4 hydroxydebrisoquine) were measured with GLC and their molar ratio ("metabolic ratio", MR) was calculated and plotted as a frequency distribution histogram. The frequency distribution of the MR was clearly bimodal, exhibiting two clusters of MR's of 0.1 to 1.0 and 20 to 100, respectively. Using probit analysis, the antimode was found at an MR of 12.6 Consequently, 22 subjects (16 women, 6 men), representing 10% of the population studied, were, with an MR of greater than 12.6, considered to be poor hydroxylators (PM). The families of two subjects, established as PMs in the population study, were also investigated. One family was found to be the first known pairing of homozygous PM parents with all 6 offspring exhibiting the PM phenotype. In both families the pattern was consistent with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance for the two alleles E (extensive) and N (none) respectively. Clinical consequences of the PM phenotype known to date are summarized. Since some drugs typically used for longterm treatment (such as perhexiline, phenytoin, nortriptyline, guanoxan) are subject to the same hydroxylation pathway, PM patients are likely to be at higher risk of drug toxicity. This relationship has been well documented for perhexiline-induced neuropathy. Conversely, it is conceivable that with the use of prodrugs which have to be hydroxylated to the active compound, PM subjects might turn out to be "non-responders". PMID- 7123182 TI - [Coital headache]. PMID- 7123183 TI - Experimental genital ureaplasmosis in the bull. PMID- 7123184 TI - [Demonstration of staphylococcal enterotoxins]. PMID- 7123186 TI - [Effect of breed on hematological and clinicochemical parameters]. PMID- 7123185 TI - [Antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents--from research to practice. IV. Remarks to the practitioner on the peculiarities of trimethoprim and its combination with sulfonamides]. PMID- 7123187 TI - [Epidemiological study of trichinellosis in Tessin Canton]. PMID- 7123188 TI - [Mitochondrial metabolism states in normal and ischemic heart]. PMID- 7123189 TI - [The physiological and pathological relationship between prostaglandins and digestive organs]. PMID- 7123190 TI - [Calmodulin]. PMID- 7123191 TI - [Glycosylated hemoglobin and diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7123192 TI - [The influence of environmental factors on some functions of fishes]. PMID- 7123193 TI - [A simple method of producing tungsten microelectrodes]. PMID- 7123194 TI - [The discovery of functions of the thymus]. PMID- 7123195 TI - [The role of abdominal vagus in the regulation of blood pressure]. PMID- 7123197 TI - [Frequency of recurrence of traumatic shoulder luxation: therapy dependent?]. PMID- 7123196 TI - [Sports injuries and damage in the shoulder area]. PMID- 7123200 TI - [New diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic aspects of shoulder luxation]. PMID- 7123199 TI - [Mechanical obstruction of the acromiohumeral passage in sports injuries--their treatment]. PMID- 7123198 TI - [Frozen shoulder following shoulder contusion in skiing]. PMID- 7123201 TI - [Functional treatment of humerus shaft fractures using the Sarmiento method]. PMID- 7123202 TI - [Primary thrombosis of the axillary and subclavian veins]. PMID- 7123203 TI - [Operative treatment of tennis elbow]. PMID- 7123204 TI - [Etiologic and therapeutic aspects of tennis elbow]. PMID- 7123206 TI - Sensitivity of trends in geometric mean blood levels to random measurement errors. AB - A statistical model is investigated that expresses observations, such as blood lead levels, as an additive function of true levels and random measurement errors. Both empirical results (obtained from a series of computer simulation experiments) and theoretical results indicate how certain summary statistics for the observations vary in response to random measurement errors. Such results are applied to a very large data base of pediatric blood lead levels collected in New York City during 1970-1976, and they indicate that the observed trends in geometric mean blood lead levels are not significantly altered by the possible presence of measurement errors. PMID- 7123205 TI - Lead burden in prehistorical, historical and modern human bones. AB - From archaeological findings it is well known that, in the past, lead has been intensively used by man. The toxicological aspects of increased lead exposure are perceived onward from the 2nd century B.C.; between 90 and 95% of the absorbed lead is stored in bone. Therefore measurement of lead levels in ancient bones seemed to be a suitable approach to determine the real body burdens at different periods of time and to compare the results with the present situation. Approximately 650 bones from a total of 332 individuals of the following epochs were analysed: prehistorical Peruvians, prehistorical Teutons, late Romans, Middle Age (further differentiated), present time Germans. The determination of lead was made by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy. The possibilities of postmortem alterations of lead concentrations were thoroughly investigated. For this purpose the dependence of the lead concentrations found were compared with the age, sex, type of bone, conditions of preservation and storage. It is concluded that only the series "prehistorical Teutons" may be exposed to levels which are relevant to postmortem changes. The lead concentration of the group "prehistorical Peruvians" can be taken as the "physiological zero point"; from this culture no use of lead is known. The present body burden for lead in germany is about 20 times greater than this "physiological zero point". In the late Roman epoch, but also in the Middle Age the lead concentrations and body burden was 41-47% of that today. Only at the time after the Barbarian Invasions did this value drop to 13% as a result of a lower living standard. The different sources of lead exposure during Roman times, the Middle Age and today are discussed. PMID- 7123207 TI - Complementary accumulation of selenium and mercury in fish muscle. AB - The concentrations of total selenium and total mercury in the muscle of striped mullet from four stations in the Northern Tyrrhenian Sea and one in the Black Sea were analyzed. If the sum of the concentrations of mercury and selenium (expressed as nmoles/g) is plotted against the age of the specimens, a single function describes all of the results. The explanation suggested by the authors is that Se-Hg receptors exist and increase with the age of the animal. These receptors may be occupied by mercury in proportion to its concentration in the environment. PMID- 7123208 TI - The concentration of some trace elements in human milk from Italy. AB - The concentration of some trace elements has been measured in samples of breast milk collected from several subjects over a period of about 1-3 months starting 15 days post-partum. A decrease of Zn concentration during the lactation period was observed in all subjects. The marked relation existing between dietary intake and milk content of trace elements is confirmed by the finding that Cs concentration in diet, fresh waters and human milk samples from Latium were one to two orders of magnitude higher than those measured in a small town in the south of Italy. In most subjects Cs, Zn, Rb, Fe concentrations during the same day, and in the same feed, are fairly constant. Larger variations are observed for concentrations of Co, Sc, and Sb. PMID- 7123209 TI - Determination of Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Sb, Se and Zn in milk samples. AB - Concentrations of Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Sb, Se and Zn in IAEA milk (dry) standard A 11 were re-evaluated with the help of instrumental and radiochemical neutron activation analysis (NAA). The results show reasonably good agreement for Co (5.1 +/- 0.55 ng/g) and Zn (34 +/- 2.5 micrograms/g), in relation to the recommended values. For Cu (374 +/- 15 ng/g), Fe (2.4 +/- 0.34 microgram/g) and Mn (250 +/- 20 ng/g); the results obtained are lower than the reported values. Cu, Mn, and Zn were cross-checked by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The results, Cu = 331 +/- 27 ng/g, Mn = 302 +/- 62 ng/g, and Zn = 35 +/- 1 microgram/g, fall within the range of mean values obtained by NAA. for Hg and Se, using instrumental NAA, only upper limits could be indicated; because of the low levels of concentrations of Hg and Se on one hand, and high content of P (9100 micrograms/g) in A-11 milk standard on the other, NAA coupled with radiochemistry is to be preferred for these two elements. In pooled human milk, in addition to Cu and Mn (radiochemical) and Co, Fe, Sb and Zn (instrumental), Hg and Se could also be determined non-destructively because of the favorable Hg/P and Se/P ratios in this matrix. PMID- 7123210 TI - The effect of chemotherapy for mixed fission products on the toxicokinetics of cadmium and mercury in rats. AB - The mixture of calcium alginate, ferrihexacyanoferrate(II) and potassium iodide, which efficiently decreases fission product retention, had no influence on 115mCd toxicokinetics in rats. This mixture, however, caused increased whole body retention of 203Hg after oral administration. It is assumed that iodine in the mixture might be responsible for this effect. PMID- 7123211 TI - Theory and observation in cultural transmission. AB - Cultural phenomena may show considerable stability over time and space. Transmission mechanisms responsible for their maintenance are worthy of theoretical and empirical inquiry; they are complex and each possible pathway has different effects on evolutionary stability of traits, as can be shown theoretically. A survey designed to evaluate the importance of some components of cultural transmission on a variety of traits showed that religion and politics are mostly determined in the family, a mode of transmission which guarantees high evolutionary stability and maintenance of high variation between and within groups. PMID- 7123212 TI - Rethinking science policy. AB - Industry is now investing heavily and at an increasing rate in research and development. The government's responsibility should be to assure that this industrial spending is paralleled by real growth in its support of basic research. Such growth is realistic, even in times of budgetary constraints, given a proposed compact between the scientific community and the government, in which, inter alia, a small percentage of the funds spent on development would be reprogrammed for basic research. PMID- 7123213 TI - Heart study produces a surprise result. PMID- 7123214 TI - Martin Cline loses appeal on NIH grant. PMID- 7123215 TI - Yale announces plan to handle charges of fraud. PMID- 7123216 TI - Extinction leaves its mark on ecology. PMID- 7123217 TI - Evidence of high natural radiation doses in certain mid-water oceanic organisms. AB - Concentrations of the naturally occurring radioactive nuclide polonium-210 were determined in mid-water crustaceans and fish from depths to 1500 meters. Unusually high levels were found in certain categories of organisms, indicating that these organisms were exposed to a particularly high natural radiation dose. The results have implications in terms of possible radiation effects, as a baseline against which artificial radioactive nuclides can be compared, and as a potential technique for studying the feeding behavior of mid-water organisms. PMID- 7123218 TI - Modulation of striatal dopaminergic function by local injection of 5'-N ethylcarboxamide adenosine. AB - Rats rotated to the left when 5'-N-ethylcarboxamide adenosine (NECA) was injected into the left caudate nucleus and apomorphine was administered subcutaneously. The combination of NECA and apomorphine was more potent than L (phenylisopropyl)adenosine and apomorphine in eliciting rotation, suggesting the involvement of adenosine receptors of the Ra type. The response was reduced when 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine was injected along with NECA into the caudate nucleus or when theorphylline was given intraperitoneally. Higher doses of apomorphine elicited a self-mutilatory response after the injection of NECA into the caudate nucleus. These results suggest that adenosine may be involved in the modulation of dopaminergic function in the striatum. PMID- 7123219 TI - Potassium iodide policy. PMID- 7123220 TI - Development of mouse embryos in vitro: preimplantation to the limb bud stage. AB - Mouse embryos were grown successfully in vitro from the blastocyst stage to the limb bud stage. Mouse blastocysts grown in vitro for 10 days showed blood circulation in the yilk sac, forelimb buds, and the primordia of liver, pancreas, and lungs. These characteristics are indicative of a developmental stage equivalent to one-half of the total gestation period in utero. Improvements in culture conditions from days 7 to 9 have made it feasible to culture mouse blastocysts beyond the early somite stage. PMID- 7123221 TI - Occlusal variation related to soft diet in a nonhuman primate. AB - Among 43 squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) raised either on naturally tough or on artificially soft foods, there are significant differences in occlusal features. Animals raised on soft foods show more rotated and displaced teeth, crowded premolars, and absolutely and relatively narrower dental arches. Dietary consistency may be a determinant of occlusal health. PMID- 7123224 TI - Rabies treatment. PMID- 7123222 TI - DNA database. PMID- 7123223 TI - The inevitability of cancer. PMID- 7123226 TI - Bilirubin-induced modulation of cerebral protein phosphorylation in neonate rabbits in vivo. AB - Protein phosphorylation in cerebral cell-free preparations from neonate rabbits was inhibited by bilirubin and promoted by aminophylline when these substances had been administered intravenously. In animals given both compounds, the bilirubin-induced inhibition of phosphorylation was partly reversed by aminophylline. Adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate added in vitro during the assays also increased protein phosphorylation. These data introduce new concepts in the pathogenesis of kernicterus. PMID- 7123225 TI - Coagulation as a common thread in disease. PMID- 7123227 TI - Reversal of morphine disruption of maternal behavior by concurrent treatment with the opiate antagonist naloxone. AB - Rats whose pregnancies were surgically terminated on day 17 of gestation were injected with morphine, morphine plus naloxone hydrochloride, or saline, and then tested for maternal responsiveness toward foster young. Morphine treatment alone significantly disrupted the rate of onset and quality of maternal responsiveness. Concurrent administration of naloxone to morphine-injected rats reinstated the rapid onset of behavioral responsiveness toward foster young, such that the responsiveness of the rats treated with both morphine and naloxone was indistinguishable from that shown by saline-injected controls. The disruptive effects of morphine did not appear to result from a general reduction in activity levels as measured in an open-field apparatus. These findings suggest that the normal onset and maintenance of maternal behavior in the rat may be regulated by endogenous opiates. PMID- 7123228 TI - Serial position curve in rats: role of the dorsal hippocampus. AB - In an eight-arm radial maze, normal rats demonstrated good immediate retention for the order of first items (primacy component of serial position curve) and last items (recency component of serial position curve) of an eight-item (arm) list. In contrast, rats with dorsal hippocampal lesions displayed, on an immediate retention test, disruption of the primacy but not the recency component of the serial position curve. Furthermore, imposing a 10-minute delay before the retention test impaired all components of the serial position curve. These results support correspondence in mnemonic function of the hippocampus in animals and humans. PMID- 7123229 TI - Focal cortical seizures cause distant thalamic lesions. AB - Topical application of convulsants to the rat sensorimotor cortex in concentrations sufficient to cause repetitive focal motor seizures resulted in acute neuropathology (dark cell neuronal degeneration and spongiform neurophil changes) involving both the cortical seizure focus and certain thalamic nuclei within seizure pathways. Changes in the cortex were localized primarily in layer IV and those in the thalamus in nuclei having reciprocal connections with the cortical focus. The spongiform neuropil changes consisted of massively dilated presynaptic axon terminals in the cortex and postsynaptic dendrites in the thalamus. The dendritic and dark cell changes resemble the excitotoxic damage caused by glutamate and aspartate. Since these putative transmitters may be released locally from recurrent collaterals and remotely from corticothalamic axons, excessive release of glutamate or aspartate may account for the changes in both sites. The abnormal axons in sensory cortex appear to be terminals of thalamocortical neurons. Swelling of these axons may be caused by excessive anti- and orthodromic firing in the course of focal motor seizures. PMID- 7123230 TI - Discrimination and imitation of facial expression by neonates. AB - Human neonates (average age, 36 hours) discriminated three facial expressions (happy, sad, and surprised) posed by a live model as evidenced by diminished visual fixation on each face over trials and renewed fixations to the presentation of a different face. The expressions posed by the model, unseeen by the observer, were guessed at greater than chance accuracy simply by observing the face of the neonate, whose facial movements in the brow, eyes, and mouth regions provided evidence for imitation of the facial expressions. PMID- 7123231 TI - IARC benzene report. PMID- 7123232 TI - Atom bomb test leave infamous legacy. PMID- 7123233 TI - Nonimmunological production of leukotrienes induced by platelet-activating factor. AB - Platelet-activating factor caused rapid pulmonary vasoconstriction and edema in isolated lungs perfused with albumin-free salt solution devoid of formed blood elements. These effects may be due in part to the action of leukotrienes D4 and C4, which were identified by bioassay and high-pressure liquid chromatography in the lung effluent after stimulation by platelet-activating factor. These findings help illuminate some of the deleterious effects that platelet-activating factor elicits in anaphylactic reactions and possibly in other forms of lung injury. PMID- 7123234 TI - Biospecific labeling with undecagold: visualization of the biotin-binding site on avidin. AB - The biotin-binding site on avidin has been labeled with biotin conjugated to undecagold, an organometallic cluster compound containing 11 gold atoms in a core angestroms in diameter. Examination of unstained specimens by scanning transmission electron microscopy reveals the labeled sites directly, without computational averaging or filtering of the images. This approach should be widely applicable for determining the locations of subunits and functional site in biological macromolecules at a resolution at a resolution in range of 15 angstroms. PMID- 7123236 TI - Should hypertensives take potassium? PMID- 7123235 TI - Hemoglobin Parchman: double crossover within a single human gene. AB - Structural analysis of a new variant hemoglobin revealed tryptic peptides with the amino acid composition of normal delta-globin, except for two internal peptides, which had the compositions of normal beta-globin. The most likely explanation for these findings is that a double, nonhomologous crossover between the delta-and beta-globin genes had occurred. PMID- 7123237 TI - Direct measurement of pulmonary capillary transit times. AB - Direct measurements of capillary transit times in dog lungs were made by using in vivo television microscopy. Mean transit times were unexpectedly long. As pulmonary artery pressures were raised, transit times decreased, suggesting that the normally existing hydrostatic pressure gradient in the lung causes a vertical distribution of transit times. The more rapid transit times approached the minimum time required for complete oxygenation. PMID- 7123238 TI - Heritable true fitness and bright birds: a role for parasites? AB - Combination of seven surveys of blood parasites in North American passerines reveals weak, highly significant association over species between incidence of chronic blood infections (five genera of protozoa and one nematode) and striking display (three characters: male "brightness," female "brightness," and male song). This result conforms to a model of sexual selection in which (i) coadaptational cycles of host and parasites generate consistently positive offspring-on-parent regression of fitness, and (ii) animals choose mates for genetic disease resistance by scrutiny of characters whose full expression is dependent on health and vigor. PMID- 7123239 TI - Retinogeniculate terminations in cats: morphological differences between X and Y cell axons. AB - We injected horseradish peroxidase into single, physiologically identified, optic tract axons of X and Y cells in cats and studied their termination patterns in the lateral geniculate nucleus. All X cell axons innervate lamina A or A1 in narrow zones, and some sparsely innervate the medical interlaminar nucleus. All Y cell axons have broad terminal zones in laminae A and C (from the contralateral retina) or lamina A1 (if ipsilateral), and most innervate the medial interlaminar nucleus densely. PMID- 7123240 TI - Hemispheric asymmetries in the behavioral and hormonal effects of sexually differentiating mammalian brain. AB - Estrogen pellets were placed in either the right or left hypothalamus of newborn female rats so that only one side of this brain area was exposed to the postnatal masculinizing and defeminizing effects of the hormone. The effects of estrogen on gonadotropin secretion and reproductive behavior depended on both the region and the side of implantation. Exposure of the left hypothalamus to estrogen resulted in defeminized development. Exposure of the right hypothalamus to estrogen resulted in masculinized development. Thus the response of the developing hypothalamus to gonadal steroids may be asymmetric. PMID- 7123241 TI - Mapping the primate visual system with [2-14C]deoxyglucose. AB - The [2-14C]deoxyglucose method was used to identify the cerebral areas related to vision in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). This was achieved by comparing glucose utilization in a visually stimulated with that in a visually deafferented hemisphere. The cortical areas related to vision included the entire expanse of striate, prestriate, and inferior temporal cortex as far forward as the temporal pole, the posterior part of the inferior parietal lobule, and the prearcuate and inferior prefrontal cortex. Subcortically, in addition to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus and superficial layers of the superior colliculus, and structures related to vision included large parts of the pulvinar, caudate, putamen, claustrum, and amygdala. These results, which are consonant with a model of visual function that postulates an occipito-temporo-prefrontal pathway for object vision and an occipito-parieto-prefrontal pathway for spatial vision, reveal the full extent of those pathways and identify their points of contact with limbic, striatal, and diencephalic structures. PMID- 7123242 TI - Pigeon perception of letters of the alphabet. AB - In a three-choice discrimination task three pigeons learned to distinguish each letter of the alphabet from all other letters. Errors during learning were based on 54 presentations of each target letter with every other letter. The errors were used to scale letters in a multidimensional similarity space and to associate them in hierarchical clusters. The results resembled those generated from similarity judgments by humans, suggesting cross-task and cross-species generality in processes of letter discrimination. PMID- 7123243 TI - Brain receptors for appetite discovered. PMID- 7123244 TI - Gestational zinc deprivation in mice: persistence of immunodeficiency for three generations. AB - Pregnant Swiss Webster mice were fed a diet moderately deficient in zinc from day 7 of gestation until parturition. Offspring of these mice showed depressed immune function through 6 months of age. In addition, the second and third filial generations, all of which were fed only the normal control diet, continued to manifest reduced immunocompetence, although not to the same degree as in the first generation. PMID- 7123245 TI - Monoclonal antibody to 5-bromo- and 5-iododeoxyuridine: A new reagent for detection of DNA replication. AB - Monoclonal antibodies specific for 5-bromodeoxyuridine have been produced and applied in detecting low levels of DNA replication on a cell-by-cell basis in vitro. The immunoglobulin-producing hybridomas were derived from spleen cells of mice immunized with a conjugate of iodouridine and ovalbumin. The cells were fused with the plasmacytoma line SP2/0Ag14. The antibodies produced are highly specific for bromodeoxyuridine and iododeoxyuridine and do not cross-react with thymidine. DNA synthesis in cultured cells exposed to bromodeoxyuridine for as short a time as 6 minutes can be detected easily and rapidly by an immunofluorescent staining method and quantitated by flow cytometry. PMID- 7123246 TI - Penicillin target enzyme and the antibiotic binding site. AB - The three-dimensional structure of a penicillin-sensitive D-alanyl carboxypeptidase-transpeptidase has been determined by x-ray crystallography to a resolution of 2.8 angstroms. The site of binding of the beta-lactam antibiotics penicillin and cephalosporin has been located. These findings constitute direct observation of the interaction of beta-lactams with a transpeptidase enzyme and establish the feasibility of defining the molecular stereochemistry of this interaction for purposes of drug design. PMID- 7123247 TI - Echolocation in bats: the external ear and perception of the vertical positions of targets. AB - Echolocating bats (Eptesicus fuscus) can perceive changes of as little as 3 degrees of arc in the vertical angles separating pairs of horizontal rods. This acuity depends upon modification of sounds entering the external ear canal by the structures of the external ear. Deflection of the tragus degrades the acuity of vertical-angle perception from 3 degrees to about 12 degrees to 14 degrees. The pinna-tragus structure produces a strong secondary echo of sounds entering the external ear canal, and the delay of this echo after the time when the sound directly enters the ear canal apparently encodes the vertical direction of a sound source. PMID- 7123248 TI - Type A behavior and elevated physiological and neuroendocrine responses to cognitive tasks. AB - Qualitatively distinct patterns of cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses were observed in male college students during mental work and during sensory intake task performance. During mental work, Type A (coronary-prone) subjects showed greater muscle vasodilatation and more enhanced secretion of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and cortisol than Type B subjects. During sensory intake, Type A hyperresponsivity was found for testosterone and, among those subjects with a positive family history of hypertension, for cortisol. As a demonstration of combined cardiovascular, sympathetic nervous system, and neuroendocrine hyperresponsivity to specific cognitive tasks in Type A subjects, this study breaks ground in the search for mechanisms mediating the increased coronary disease risk among Type A persons. PMID- 7123249 TI - The perception of biological motion by human infants. AB - When a small number of lights are placed on the limbs and joints of a moving human (or animal), the motions of the lights (biological motion) are sufficient to enable adult observers to perceive immediately the activity of the human. This perception of biological motion has been hypothesized to be an intrinsic capacity of the visual system. The results of this experiment, which demonstrate that infants 4 to 6 months of age exhibit a preference for biological motion patterns, support that hypothesis. PMID- 7123250 TI - (+)-Amphetamine binding to rat hypothalamus: relation to anorexic potency for phenylethylamines. AB - Saturable and stereospecific binding sites for (+)-[3H]amphetamine were demonstrated in membrane preparations from rat brain. The density of these binding sites varies among brain regions and is highest in the hypothalamus and brainstem. Specific (+)-[3H]amphetamine binding in hypothalamus is largely confined to synaptosomal membranes, rapidly reversible, and sensitive to both heat and proteolytic enzymes. Scatchard analysis of the equilibrium binding data revealed two distinct sites with apparent affinity constants of 93 and 300 nanomoles per liter, respectively. The effects of various psychotropic drugs as well as a number of putative neurotransmitters and related agonists and antagonists in displacing specific (+)-[3H]amphetamine binding demonstrate that these binding sites are not associated with any previously described neurotransmitter or drug receptors, but are specific for amphetamine and related phenylethylamine derivatives. Furthermore, the relative affinities of a series of phenylethylamine derivatives for (+)-[3H]amphetamine binding sites in hypothalamic membranes is highly correlated to their potencies as anorexic agents. These results suggest the presence of specific receptor sites in hypothalamus that mediate the anorexic activity of amphetamine and related drugs. PMID- 7123251 TI - Sugar infusion can enhance feeding. AB - An investigation was made of the role of glucose in the regulation of hunger and satiety in the rabbit. Glucose, when infused intraduodenally at a low rate (1 milliliter per minute), produced a decrease in food intake. However, when glucose was infused into the duodenum at a high rate (3 milliliters per minute), the rabbits nearly doubled their food intake during the first half-hour after infusion. It is hypothesized that the rapid arrival and glucose in the duodenum may produce hunger. PMID- 7123252 TI - Prenatal and neonatal exposure to cimetidine results in gonadal and sexual dysfunction in adult males. AB - Exposure of rats to cimetidine during intrauterine life and the immediate neonatal period results in hypoandrogenization in adult life with decreased weights of androgen-dependent tissues and decreased concentrations of testosterone. Moreover, sexual behavior patterns in adult life are disturbed as shown by a lack of sexual motivation and decreased performance. PMID- 7123253 TI - DDT in the sewers. PMID- 7123254 TI - Cotton dust regulations. PMID- 7123255 TI - Artificial enzymes. AB - Simple chemical catalysts have been designed to achieve some desirable features of enzymes. These novel catalysts are not proteins, but they may incorporate the typical enzyme catalytic groups and they achieve selectivity in their reactions by use of geometric control, as do enzymes. Catalysts that carry out geometrically controlled chlorinations of aromatic rings and steroids have been constructed. Other catalysts achieve the selective synthesis of amino acids, and still others imitate ribonuclease in detailed mechanism and hydrolyze RNA. Optimization of geometries has led to a rate acceleration of over 10(8) in one instance. PMID- 7123256 TI - Mississippi Inc., pesticide manufacturer. PMID- 7123257 TI - Molecular drive: how real, how important? PMID- 7123258 TI - Bronchial hyperreactivity associated with tracheal gangliosides. AB - Gangliosides, which are membrane constituents of animal cells, may be altered under various conditions that cause change in metabolism. In this study, gangliosides from tracheal and lung tissues were extracted and measured as a function of bronchial hyperreactivity in a guinea pig model of bronchial asthma. When plotted logarithmically, the data showed that tracheal gangliosides decreased with an increase in airway reactivity index, suggesting a linear relation between them. Differential analysis of tracheal gangliosides in the acute stage of bronchial hyperreactivity indicates accumulation of polysialogangliosides. These data support the hypothesis that tracheal gangliosides are intimately involved in the development of bronchial asthma. PMID- 7123259 TI - Coronary vascular reactivity after acute myocardial ischemia. AB - Exogenous thrombin produced a biphasic response (a potent dose-related vasodilatation followed by vasoconstriction) in nonischemic canine coronary arteries. The vasodilatation was not blocked by propranolol, atropine, or indomethacin, but was completely blocked by heparin or denudation of the intimal endothelial cells. A similar loss of vasodilating response to thrombin occurred in ischemic coronary arteries with a concomitant enhancement of vasoconstriction. This study indicates that altered responses to thrombin in coronary arteries with damaged endothelium may play an important role in the pathogenesis of coronary vasospasm. PMID- 7123260 TI - Intracellular recordings from cochlear outer hair cells. AB - Intracellular recordings were made from outer hair cells in the third turn of the guinea pig cochlea, and the electrical characteristics of the cells were compared to those of inner hair cells, supporting cells, and extracellular spaces from the same recording region. Outer hair cells have higher membrane potentials than do inner hair cells, but they produce smaller a-c receptor potentials. The frequency response characteristics of both types of hair cells are probably not significantly different. In the frequency region where tuning is optimal, both cell types produce depolarizing d-c receptor potentials, but outer hair cells also generate hyperpolarizing responses at low frequencies. PMID- 7123262 TI - Tetrodotoxin blocks the formation of ocular dominance columns in goldfish. AB - Optic fibers from both eyes were made to regenerate simultaneously into one tectum in goldfish. Autoradiography at various times later revealed that regenerating left and right fibers overlapped extensively for up to 4 weeks and subsequently segregated into eye dominance columns by 8 weeks. Continuous tetrodotoxin treatment of both eyes prevented the formation of columns for up to 13 weeks and was equally effective if begun at 6 weeks. When tetrodotoxin treatment was stopped after 11 weeks, columns subsequently formed in the next 3 weeks. Blockade of only one eye did prevent column formation at 8 weeks. PMID- 7123261 TI - A new perceptual context-superiority effect: line segments are more visible against a figure than against a ground. AB - Context, specifically the perceived figure or ground of an ambiguous form that surrounds a diagonal line segment, can influence the discrimination of that line segment even though the physical attributes of the context remain the same during figure-ground reversals. When the line segment was flashed on a region of the form seen as figure, discrimination was twice as accurate as when the line segment was flashed in isolation, and it was at least three times as accurate as when the line segment was flashed on that same region seen as ground. PMID- 7123263 TI - Naloxone and ischemic neurologic deficits in the gerbil: is there an effect? PMID- 7123264 TI - Right ventricular visualization --thallium 201 cardiac imaging. PMID- 7123265 TI - Diminished right ventricular ejection fraction on radionuclide cardiography. PMID- 7123266 TI - Nature of invasive mole and its rational management. PMID- 7123267 TI - The management of high-risk choriocarcinoma. PMID- 7123268 TI - Choriocarcinoma metastatic to the brain: therapy and prognosis. PMID- 7123269 TI - Causes of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). PMID- 7123270 TI - Pelvimetry revisited. PMID- 7123271 TI - Sonography and radiology of pelvic masses and other maternal disorders. PMID- 7123272 TI - The normal fetus. PMID- 7123273 TI - Fetal dating by ultrasound. PMID- 7123274 TI - The placenta: sonographic-pathologic correlations. PMID- 7123275 TI - Social support, accommodation to stress and adjustment to breast cancer. AB - A woman's emotional adjustment to breast cancer is the focus of this study. The social support the woman experiences is predicted to affect the adjustment process by improving her ability to cope. Current clinical research indicates that background factors, such as marital status, age, SES and life change, also affect adjustment; these variables are incorporated into the model as controls. Using multiple regression analysis (N = 130), the control variables are entered simultaneously with the indicators of social support to assess the independent effect of social support on adjustment. The relationship between social support, coping, and adjustment, as measured by psychological distress, self concept, and sense of power, is then examined. Two indicators of social support, perception of family cohesiveness and the amount of social contact have direct effects on coping and indirect effects on all three measures of adjustment, indicating that coping mediates the relationship between social support and adjustment. Contrary to predictions, being employed and of higher social status have significant effects on adjustment when it is measured by either self concept or sense of power. PMID- 7123276 TI - Psychological symptoms among Chinese in urban Hong Kong. AB - Clinical observations on Chinese mental patients suggested that somatization was a common mode of symptom presentation. One explanation attributed to the phenomenon was that Chinese tend to suppress or deny their feelings. The present study took the data on the 22-item Langner Scale collected as part of the Hong Kong Biosocial Survey and reanalyzed the responses of 3925 Chinese subjects in terms of Crandell and Dohrenwend's subscales. Results showed that among these urban Chinese, report of psychological symptoms on the Langner Scale was higher than that of psychophysiological, physiological and ambiguous symptoms. Significant differences in subscale scores were found among five subject variables: age, sex, education, socioeconomic status and total number of reported symptoms. Within each subgroup of the subject variables, scores on the psychological subscale was significantly higher than scores on the other three subscales. These findings disputed the contention that Chinese in general tend to deny their emotions. Somatization among Chinese mental patients in medical settings and report of psychological symptoms by Chinese may not be mutually exclusive phenomena. A more meaningful examination of the somatization concept should include investigation of the conceptualization of mental illness among Chinese, the channels chosen for help and symptom presentation in different settings. PMID- 7123277 TI - Death styles among Canada's Indians. AB - Data are examined from a prospective study of Native mortality on 35 reserves and colonies in the province of Alberta, Canada. Native Indian deaths tend to occur at a younger age than others, to be multiple events and to occur in non-hospital settings with others present. In almost half the cases death resulted from accident, suicide or homicide. Though circumstances of weather and physical isolation, as well as human negligence and carelessness resulted in some deaths, the majority of violent deaths were associated with the heavy use of alcohol. PMID- 7123279 TI - Non verbal language in mothers with malnourished infants. A pilot study. AB - Maternal non verbal language (NVL) includes all gestural manifestations of the mother towards her infant which bear an emotional connotation. This study compares NVL expressiveness of mothers with malnourished and with healthy infants in a population of low socioeconomic level. Forty mother/infant dyads: 20 mothers with malnourished infants and 20 with healthy infants were studied. Mothers with malnourished infants had low degree of NVL expressiveness (90%) and low personal satisfaction with their family life (70%). PMID- 7123280 TI - Helping and achieving. Compatible or competing goals for men and women in medical school? AB - This study investigates the attitudes of medical students toward oncology and examines the help- and achievement-orientations of males and females to ascertain whether these orientations are gender-related. Ninety freshmen, 125 sophomores, 83 juniors, and 87 senior medical students responded to questionnaires assessing their attitudes. Female students were both more help- and achievement-oriented than were the male students. Helping and achieving were compatible goals for these women. Both male and female students were significantly more help-oriented by their senior year but they also felt significantly less effective in helping than did students in the first 3 years. PMID- 7123278 TI - The response of mothers to health education and the incidence of gastro-enteritis among their babies in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. AB - The study was carried out among 100 nursing mothers attending infant welfare clinics in order to evaluate their behavioural response to methods of hygiene taught to them about their babies' feeding utensils by health workers. The respondents studied were those with children whose ages ranged between 0 and 12 months, irrespective of birth order. One major purpose of organizing educational talks and of demonstrating food preparations and hygiene is to reduce and possibly prevent the prevalence of intestinal infections, especially during the transition from breast to bottle feeding and to the use of solids. Therefore, the incidence of gastro-enteritis among babies who attended the clinic was investigated. In the analysis of their behavioural response, consideration was given to the environmental conditions under which respondents lived. The response of the mothers was positive to health education. There was a significant difference in the incidence of diarrhoea among babies at the 1% level after exposure of their mothers to health education. PMID- 7123281 TI - Religious life of narcotic addicts. AB - Because of the unstructured life-style of most narcotic addicts, we have inquired into the religious and social backgrounds and experiences of a group of narcotic addicts. It was observed that the subjects' parents were far less involved in religious practices than were a group of parents of nonaddicts. The addicts' fathers were found to be frequently absent from the home and uninvolved in the addicts' early religious training. The addicts came from broken homes and often their marriages also ended in divorce. The addicts, as compared to both their parents and the control subjects, were underachievers in both social and religious accomplishments. PMID- 7123282 TI - Attitudes of postpartum mothers concerning children and child rearing. AB - To assess contemporary maternal attitudes about children, child rearing, and family life, a 32-item attitude scale--the Parent Attitude Scale (PAS)--was developed and given to 523 postpartum mothers. The PAS was shown to be a highly reliable attitude assessment instrument. Maternal attitudes generally were pro child in nature. Variations in total and individual item PAS scores were a function of maternal race, age, marital status, and employment status. Implications of the attitude survey for clinicians in terms of the treatment and prevention of developmental problems and for physician-parent interactions, are discussed. PMID- 7123283 TI - Natural history of sinus node dysfunction after permanent pacemaker implantation. AB - To explore the natural history of symptomatic sinus node dysfunction after permanent pacemaker implantation, we followed up 71 patients (27 with sinus arrest, 27 with unexplained sinus bradycardia, 14 with the bradycardia/tachycardia syndrome, and three with sinoatrial block) for four to 14 years after placement of a permanent ventricular pacemaker. Survival rates at one, five, and ten years were 88%, 75%, and 70%, respectively. Overall mortality was 31%. Patients with congestive heart failure had significantly lower survival rates than those without (P less than .03). Survival rates were significantly lower in patients with coronary artery disease than in those with conduction system disease only (P less than .01). Fourteen of the 19 patients whose cause of death was known died of cardiovascular disease, ten of complications of coronary artery disease. Thus, survival after pacemaker implantation is adversely and profoundly influenced by underlying cardiovascular disease, particularly coronary artery disease and its complications. PMID- 7123284 TI - Air embolism in central venous catheterization: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. AB - Air embolism associated with central venous catheterization carries with it a significant morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis should be suggested by sudden alterations in cardiovascular, respiratory, or central nervous system function in a patient with a central venous catheter. A "mill wheel" cardiac murmur is characteristic. Placing the patient in the left lateral decubitus with the head down allows displacement of the air from the pulmonary outflow tract. Prevention of the complication involves thorough patient and physician preparation before subclavian catheterization, use of a Luer lock between catheter and tubing, meticulous catheter care, and employment of a pump with an in-line air detector. PMID- 7123286 TI - Sexual function after surgical and radiation therapy for cervical carcinoma. AB - One hundred women treated for carcinoma of the cervix were interviewed more than one year later to establish the effects of radiation or surgical therapy on sexual function. Forty-three had received irradiation, 44 nonradical surgery, six combined surgery and irradiation, and seven radical surgery. The irradiation and nonradical surgery groups were each further subdivided into subgroups of patients aged 30 to 49 for age-controlled comparison. Patients in the irradiation group had statistically significant decreases in sexual enjoyment, ability to attain orgasm, coital opportunity, frequency of intercourse, and coital desire. The group who had nonradical surgical procedures had no significant change in sexual function after treatment. Similar results were found in both age-controlled subgroups, eliminating age as a major etiologic factor. Marked vaginal alterations were recorded in the majority of irradiated patients, but were not present among the groups treated with nonradical surgery. The vaginal changes alone could not be held accountable for the significant decrease in sexual function among women who received pelvic irradiation. The origin of decreased sexual desire after radiation therapy is complex, and not yet completely understood. We propose therapeutic programs to help women deal with the emotional and physical consequences of pelvic irradiation. PMID- 7123285 TI - Diagnosis of aortic insufficiency: comparison of auscultation and M-mode echocardiography to angiography. AB - We compared auscultation and M-mode echocardiography to supravalvular aortography in 75 patients with chronic aortic insufficiency. Angiographic evidence of aortic insufficiency was present in 66 patients and absent in nine. Auscultation had a sensitivity of 72.7% (48/66) and a specificity of 77.8% (7/9). Echocardiography had a sensitivity of 75.8% (50/66) and specificity of 77.8% (7/9). When both methods were used in combination, their sensitivity for diagnosis of aortic insufficiency increased to 92.9% (61/66). The specificity did not change. Our data suggest that when used alone neither auscultation nor echocardiography is a sensitive method for detecting aortic insufficiency, but when used in combination they are excellent indicators for the presence or absence of aortic insufficiency. PMID- 7123287 TI - Postmenopausal breast abscess. AB - Eighteen postmenopausal women with breast abscess were treated at Grady Hospital between 1975 and 1978. Breast abscess was remarkable for its characteristic lack of inflammation, as well as its rarity, in this age group (median, 59 years). Only 17% of patients reported fever and/or breast pain. On initial examination, 33% had erythema, warmth, and/or fluctuance. The white blood cell count was greater than 10,000/cu mm in only 14% of patients. (Abscess was not even suspected in 22%, as a breast "mass" was excised for diagnostic frozen section.) The preoperative diagnosis was cancer in 55%. Location was peripheral in 27% and subareolar in 72%, similar to what has been noted in premenopausal women. The rare occurrence of breast abscess in postmenopausal women can be confused with cancer because of the abscess' indolent characteristics. History, physical examination, mammograms, and white blood cell count are equally unhelpful in the diagnosis. Although ideal treatment of abscess is usually incision and drainage, in this age group excision of the total "mass" is sometimes beneficial for diagnosis and prevention of recurrence. PMID- 7123288 TI - Endoscopic cytology and biopsy diagnosis of esophageal carcinoma. AB - We examined 107 cytology and biopsy specimens taken simultaneously from 103 patients to determine the efficacy of cytologic esophageal brushing in the diagnosis of esophageal carcinoma. After review of all material, cytology was positive in 84% of cases, biopsy in 86%, and combined specimens (cytology and biopsy) in 94%. However, agreement as to histologic type was reached in only 53 of the 63 specimens originally reported as positive by both cytology and biopsy. PMID- 7123289 TI - Spur cell anemia. AB - The clinical and laboratory findings in eight patients with spur cell anemia are presented and compared with other cases gathered from the literature. Although there is no specific clinical or laboratory abnormality, the condition can be recognized by a constellation of findings. The majority of patients have a long history of ethanol abuse with clinical and laboratory manifestations of hepatocellular dysfunction. All patients have anemia, a reticulocyte count usually greater than 5%, and indirect hyperbilirubinemia. The sine qua non for the diagnosis of spur cell anemia is an increased percentage (usually greater than 20%) of acanthocytes on a peripheral smear. The prognosis of spur cell anemia is poor, the majority of patients dying within a year. From our study, spur cell anemia appears to be more prevalent than is generally reported. PMID- 7123290 TI - Questionable value of renal arterial embolization before radical nephrectomy. PMID- 7123291 TI - Choledochal cysts in children: radiologic features. AB - Choledochal cysts, although uncommon, are found most frequently in children. Radiologic studies have always played an important role in diagnosis because of the nonspecific clinical features. The abdominal roentgenogram may show in the right upper abdomen a mass, the cystic nature of which can be demonstrated by intravenous urography, hepatic angiography, sonography, and computerized tomography. Large choledochal cysts will displace the duodenal loop inferiorly and to the left, as seen on upper gastrointestinal contrast studies. Oral cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography are currently not indicated because of the poor diagnostic yield and the significant toxicity of intravenous media in children. Operative cholangiography is desired by the surgeon for demonstration of the pathologic anatomy. Real-time sonography and cholescintigraphy with technetium Tc 99m iminodiacetic acid derivative allow specific preoperative diagnosis and will eliminate the need for more invasive studies, such as arteriography, endoscopic cholangiopancreatography, and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. The radiologic findings in six patients are summarized. PMID- 7123292 TI - Osteogenesis imperfecta and associated hearing loss in five kindreds. AB - We examined audiometric data of 30 medically confirmed cases of osteogenesis imperfecta, evaluating pure tone threshold and impedance data to determine the prevalence, type, and degree of hearing loss in five kindreds. Nineteen of the 30 individuals evaluated had normal hearing bilaterally, while 11 had hearing losses of various types and degrees. The results of pure tone testing, tympanometry, and acoustic reflex measurements suggest no clearly established pattern of hearing loss in this population. However, the presence of air-bone gaps and absent acoustic reflexes during the first and second decades support the findings of others, indicating that conductive hearing loss is most prevalent in younger individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta. PMID- 7123293 TI - The middle ear in long-term dialysis. AB - When fluctuating middle ear fluid was observed in patients receiving long-term dialysis, the dialysis was suspected as the potentiating factor. In a statewide survey, a significant number of ear, nose, and throat specialists were undecided about etiology. They were also uncertain about treatment choice and delivering services without consulting the managing nephrologist. Tympanograms obtained on an equal number of patients receiving hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis throughout two treatment sessions indicated measurements of middle ear impedance remain within the normal range. It was concluded that effusion in the middle ear of patients receiving dialysis is not related to dialysis procedures. PMID- 7123294 TI - Lidocaine analgesia in peripheral angiography: a confirmation of effectiveness. PMID- 7123295 TI - Pyogenic arthritis: emphasis on the need for surgical drainage of the infected joint. AB - A ten-year retrospective review of patients with acute hematogenous pyogenic arthritis at the Duke University Medical Center yielded 14 affected joints in the pediatric group and 32 in adults. Follow-up ranged from six months to eight years. Analysis of factors possibly affecting end results included the joint involved, organism, duration of infection, antibiotics used, age of the patient, and mode of drainage--whether surgical or by needle aspiration. Surgical drainage in the pediatric group yielded uniformly excellent results. In adults, needle aspiration correlated with increased mortality and morbidity. In contrast to other series in the medical literature we found the indications for needle aspiration to be highly restrictive, and we recommend surgical drainage and appropriate antibiotics as the treatment of choice for most patients with pyogenic arthritis. PMID- 7123296 TI - Treated maternal gonorrhea without adverse effect on outcome of pregnancy. AB - Infants born to mothers with gonorrhea are at risk for neonatal gonococcal infection, primarily ophthalmitis. To determine whether gonorrhea during pregnancy may have other adverse effects, we compared the outcome of pregnancy to gonorrheal status for all women who were delivered of infants at Grady Memorial Hospital in 1976 and 1977. The incidence of positive cultures was 41.1 per thousand pregnant women. For 85% of women with positive cultures, treatment was recorded in the chart. Women with positive cultures were younger (P less than .0001) and of lower parity (P less than .001) than women was negative cultures. There were no differences, however, in selected complications of labor and delivery, in the incidence of premature or low birthweight babies, or in the neonatal death rate of babies born to mothers with positive or negative gonorrhea cultures. These results indicate that gonorrhea during pregnancy, if treated, does not adversely affect the fetus or newborn. PMID- 7123297 TI - Law and the minor patient. PMID- 7123298 TI - Evaluation of educational methods in a comprehensive cost-containment project in ambulatory care. AB - The cost of medical care in the United States is a matter of great concern to many health policy makers and physicians as well as to the seekers of care. At the University of New Mexico, a comprehensive cost-containment education program was devised and put into effect with residents from three primary care disciplines. In addition to documenting the effectiveness of the educational package in reducing patients charges, we asked house staff to state which parts of the package were of most use. Wall posters displaying charges for commonly ordered tests, procedures, and prescription items and the distribution of sample bills for patients seen by the individual resident were rated most highly. A test of knowledge of charges to patients did not show resident improvement after education. Cost-containment education can be effective in reducing patient charges, even if physicians do not internalize the actual charge data. We recommend the inclusion of cost-containment education in all primary care training programs, as these physicians play such an important role in the generation of patient charges. PMID- 7123299 TI - Treatment of Digoxin intoxication with colestipol. PMID- 7123300 TI - Metastatic melanoma complicated by disseminated BCG. PMID- 7123301 TI - Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma in a premenarchal girl. PMID- 7123302 TI - Bronchogenic cyst and intralobar sequestration mimicking thoracic aortic aneurysm. PMID- 7123303 TI - Fatal podophyllin ingestion. PMID- 7123304 TI - Surgical management of multiple hepatic abscesses using ultrasonography for sequential evaluation. PMID- 7123306 TI - Exogastric leiomyoblastoma: diagnosis by CT and ultrasonography. PMID- 7123305 TI - Calcified parotid carcinoma masquerading as benign calculus with acute parotitis. PMID- 7123307 TI - Plasmapheresis in the treatment of resistant thrombocytopenia in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7123308 TI - Pseudomembranous colitis unresponsive to oral vancomycin therapy. PMID- 7123310 TI - Use of a fibrinolytic agent to restore function in a clotted LeVeen shunt. PMID- 7123309 TI - Cimetidine-induced, immune-mediated leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. PMID- 7123311 TI - Recurrent jejunogastric intussusception requiring reoperation. PMID- 7123312 TI - Gas in the portal vein after air-contrast barium enema in a patient with inflammatory colitis. PMID- 7123313 TI - Reversible ischemia of the spinal cord. PMID- 7123315 TI - Propylthiouracil-induced vasculitis: a fatal case. PMID- 7123314 TI - Massive renal angiomyolipoma. PMID- 7123319 TI - Return of rickets. PMID- 7123318 TI - Resurrection. PMID- 7123316 TI - Clostridia in urinary tract infections. PMID- 7123317 TI - Colorectal perforation by barium enema after biopsy. PMID- 7123320 TI - Anorexia nervosa: a disorder with severe acid-base derangements. PMID- 7123321 TI - Performance of a level II nursery in a neonatal regional program: part I. Patient population and role of the general pediatrician. AB - We examined the performance of a level II nursery in a regional neonatal program during a 30-month period. Of 3,851 live-born infants, 527 (13.7%) were admitted to the special care nursery and 70 (1.8%) were transferred to a level III nursery. There were 23 neonatal deaths, ten of them in the level II facility; the other 13 infants had been transferred to a level III center and died there. Three hundred eleven (59%) of the admissions to the special care nursery were infants whose birth weights exceeded 2,500 gm, and 241 (46%) were of more than 37 weeks' gestation. There were 262 infants admitted with respiratory distress. In an additional 55 infants, respiratory distress was part of their clinical presentation. Procedures done by the professional staff reflected these needs. A total of 3,476 days of care were provided in the special care nursery, with a mean duration of 6.6 +/- 5.91 days (+/- 1 SD). Physician time required in the special care unit was 2,317.3 hours, an average of 4.4 hours per admission. These data support the contention that general pediatricians operating level II nurseries within a regionalized program can provide care of the majority of newborns, including care of the majority of ill neonates. PMID- 7123322 TI - Performance of a level II nursery in a neonatal regional program: part II. Analysis of transferred patients and criteria for maternal transfer. AB - Our review of deliveries at a level II hospital for a 30-month period showed 3,851 live births and 23 deaths (NMR 6/1,000 LB); 527 neonates (13.7%) required admission to the Special Care Unit, and 70 (1.8%) required transfer to a level III nursery. The 70 transferred patients received 1,592 days of care in the level III facility, the mean stay was 22.7 +/- 26.3 (+/- 1 SD) days, and the rate was 413 days of care per 1,000 live births. However, only 59 of the transferred patients required care in a neonatal ICU. These infants were hospitalized a total of 554 days in the ICU, the mean stay was 9.4 +/- 9.7 days, and the rate was 143.9 days per 1,000 live births. There were 20 infants with birth weights of 1,250 gm or less. Seven died without transfer and 13 were transferred to a level III nursery. Ten of the transferred infants required mechanical ventilation during their hospital course, two infants required continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and one infant, neither. Of the 24 infants of less than 30 weeks' gestation, seven died at the level II nursery and 16 were transferred. Of the transferred infants, 11 required mechanical ventilation. Only two infants required neither CPAP nor mechanical ventilation. These data suggest that level II nurseries can reduce the need for neonatal ICU beds. They also suggest that the majority of newborns weighing 1,250 gm or less and/or of less than 30 weeks' gestation will require care in a neonatal ICU and that their mothers should be referred when possible to a level III facility for delivery. PMID- 7123323 TI - Chemoprophylaxis in cardiac and orthopedic surgery: comparison of cephalothin and cephapirin. AB - In a retrospective sequential study we determined the rate of infection occurring despite cephalothin or cephapirin chemoprophylaxis in orthopedic and cardiac surgery done from 1973 to 1977. The incidence of infection after prosthetic hip placement or open reduction of hip fracture was 3.4% and 1.0% in patients receiving cephalothin or cephapirin, respectively. The infection rate after prosthetic heart valve implantation was 3.5% in those receiving cephalothin and 1.6% in those receiving cephapirin. There was no significant difference in infection rate, duration of fever greater than or equal to 38.0 C, or length of postoperative hospitalization. The efficacy of selected antistaphylococcal antibiotics in preventing colonization of human fibrin clots by staphylococci was studied. Although cephapirin was effective at lower concentration, the activity of cephalothin and cephapirin was comparable. Cephalothin and cephapirin have equivalent chemoprophylactic activity by clinical and microbiological criteria, permitting cost to be used as a basis for choosing between these antibiotics. PMID- 7123324 TI - Rocky Mountain spotted fever in pregnancy: differential diagnosis and treatment. AB - Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) presents both diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties in the pregnant patient. Early clinical manifestations may be mistaken for normal pregnancy changes. Accurate diagnosis is essential, since several of the disorders in the differential diagnosis may have important obstetric implications. Antibiotics generally used to treat serious infections during pregnancy are ineffective in treating RMSF. Chloramphenicol is the antibiotic of choice. Specific recommendations for evaluating pregnant patients with suspected RMSF are given. PMID- 7123326 TI - Management of cecal volvulus in debilitated patients. AB - We retrospectively evaluated ten cases of cecal volvulus. The average age of these patients was 57 years. Five patients were more more than 60 years old and three were over 70. All patients had significant delays in coming to the hospital, and all had concomitant medical problems that made them poor operative risks. Our data and data in the recent literature support a conservative approach in debilitated patients with acute cecal volvulus. We do not recommend resection of the cecum if it is viable at the time of operation. Resection remains the treatment of choice when gangrene is present, but primary ileotransverse colostomy is contraindicated in this population of patients. PMID- 7123325 TI - Cirrhosis, variceal bleeding, and distal splenorenal shunt in hemophilia A. AB - Chronic liver disease has become a significant complication of the therapy of hemophilia disorders. We describe two patients with hemophilia A and hepatitis B virus hepatitis who progressed to cirrhosis with bleeding esophageal varices. Each underwent distal splenorenal shunt under plasma concentrate therapy without difficulty. One patient died 19 months after operation and unsuspected hepatocellular carcinoma was found at autopsy. These cases illustrate the potential severity of liver disease in hemophilia and the ability to safely perform surgery for portal hypertension if required. PMID- 7123328 TI - Comparison of physician and patient perceptions of communications issues. AB - Sixty-three adolescent cancer patients and 53 physicians participated in a study designed to compare physician and patient perceptions of (1) the delivery of information at diagnosis, (2) patient reactions to treatment-related concerns, and (3) physician utilization patterns. Both patients and cancer center physicians appeared comfortable with the designation of the cancer center physicians as specific care providers for cancer-related issues and the community physicians as care providers for other health problems. however, differences in physician-patient perceptions were found in regard to the diagnostic period. Considerable disparity was also noted between physician and patient perceptions of tests and treatments, with physicians reporting significantly more patient fear, lack of understanding, discomfort, dissatisfaction with choice, and preoccupation with illness than was reported by the patients. Analysis of physician responses according to level of training showed concordance across all levels. Implications for continuing education are discussed and recommendations are offered. PMID- 7123327 TI - Refined carbohydrate as a contributing factor in reactive hypoglycemia. AB - To assess the effects of diet on symptoms in patients with idiopathic reactive hypoglycemia, we obtained by dietary recall histories the dietary composition from eight of these patients. The data obtained represented the dietary content of each individual before and after instruction on a diet containing 100 gm of carbohydrate daily. Neither the percentage of carbohydrate or fat nor the total grams of protein or fat changed significantly after dietary instruction. In contrast, the percentage of refined carbohydrate decreased (P = .003) and the percentage of protein increased (P = .003). The total grams of refined carbohydrate and total carbohydrate both decreased significantly (P = .01 and .05, respectively), but the fall in refined carbohydrate (from 147 to 20 gm) accounted for the entire fall in total dietary carbohydrate. All values except those of refined carbohydrate were within 95% confidence limits of the average diet in Western culture. Despite continuing intake of a normal quantity of total carbohydrate (mean, 221 gm), all patients had symptomatic improvement. These data suggest that reducing the amount of dietary refined carbohydrate may be important in the treatment of idiopathic reactive hypoglycemia, and that quantitative reduction in total carbohydrate may be of lesser importance. PMID- 7123329 TI - Revascularization of kidneys with totally occluded renal arteries. AB - Nephrectomy has been the accepted treatment for renovascular hypertension due to an occluded renal artery but successful revascularization of occluded renal arteries has resulted in partial return of function and relief of hypertension. We performed aorticorenal bypass operations on four patients whose renal arteries were not patent. One graft failed immediately, two remained open for four to six months, and one is functioning at two years. In 70 other cases in which totally occluded arteries were revascularized, the overall patency rate was 96%. Hypertension was relieved for controlled in 77%. PMID- 7123330 TI - Use of subclavian catheters for hemodialysis. AB - In 98 patients, we cannulated the subclavian and internal jugular veins with modified Shaldon catheters, using the Seldinger technic. Catheters were left for long periods, and multiple dialyses were accomplished with each catheter. The incidence of major complications was less than 5%. None of the catheters were believed to be the cause of any clinically significant infection. This technic proved to be a safe, convenient, and inexpensive method for providing rapid vascular access for hemodialysis. PMID- 7123331 TI - Incidence of malnutrition among patients admitted to a VA hospital. PMID- 7123333 TI - Words. PMID- 7123332 TI - Brachial artery reconstruction after traumatic disruption. AB - We describe a series of 21 cases of traumatic disruption of the brachial artery that required surgical intervention. Stab wounds were most frequent (11), followed by gunshot wounds (six) and blunt trauma (four). Ten patients had associated upper extremity injuries including bone, nerve, and vein. Arterial repair with lateral sutures could be accomplished in only one case. Segmental resection of the artery required interposition grafts using autogenous saphenous or cephalic vein in 11 patients. No synthetic graft material was used, and prophylactic antibiotics were given to all patients. All patients are without sequelae a median of 12 months after operation. Complete neurovascular evaluation, including arteriography and venography where indicated, followed by prompt repair is necessary for a successful outcome. The cephalic vein was an excellent alternative for an interposition graft in this series of patients. Primary repair of concomitant injuries, use of perioperative prophylactic antibiotics, and rigid immobilization for a short period followed by active mobilization will yield the best results. PMID- 7123334 TI - Undergraduate medical education for primary care: a case study in New Mexico. AB - To address the dual problems of maldistribution of physicians and an increasing need for physicians who are lifelong learners, an experimental curricular track was developed at the University of New Mexico School of Medicine. Increased student responsibility for learning is encouraged by student-centered, small group, problem-based tutorial learning, and early, primary care role modeling is offered during an early, lengthy, rural preceptorship. Preliminary outcomes reveal there is reinforcement of career interest in rural primary care with important linkages forged between the university and communities as a program by product. Further, the experimental students, as compared to students in the conventional track, showed a greater appreciation of their learning environment, showed less stress, and failed to become cynical. The reorientation of undergraduate medical education toward the future health care needs of communities and the learning needs of physicians may require major modifications of curriculum design and role modeling experiences. PMID- 7123335 TI - Echocardiographic diagnosis of left atrial myxoma. PMID- 7123338 TI - Two-dimensional echocardiography in the diagnosis of left atrial myxoma in a child. PMID- 7123337 TI - Malignant hypertension associated with use of amitriptyline hydrochloride. PMID- 7123336 TI - Pyloric atresia. PMID- 7123339 TI - Noninvasive documentation of cardiovascular involvement in a neonate with Marfan's syndrome. PMID- 7123340 TI - Transcatheter embolization for control of bleeding after prostatic biopsy. PMID- 7123341 TI - Neutropenia associated with vancomycin therapy. PMID- 7123342 TI - The liver in secondary syphilis. AB - Liver involvement is uncommon in secondary syphilis and may resemble liver disease from alcoholism or acute viral hepatitis. Liver biopsy usually indicates nonspecific reactive hepatitis with or without cholestasis. Jaundice may sometimes be absent although liver damage is present. The liver abnormalities can be resolved with antibiotic therapy, but penicillin therapy may cause Jarisch Herxheimer reaction. Syphilitic hepatitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of obscure liver disease. PMID- 7123343 TI - Parathyroid cyst: medical diagnosis and therapy. PMID- 7123344 TI - Drug fever during treatment of pulmonary edema. PMID- 7123345 TI - Diabetes insipidus associated with central nervous system leukemia. PMID- 7123346 TI - Thrombocytopenia with increased bone marrow megakaryocytes in two patients with viral hepatitis. PMID- 7123347 TI - Gunshot "inoculation" blastomycosis of the nervous system. PMID- 7123348 TI - Idiopathic pancreatic stones causing pancreatic ascites. PMID- 7123350 TI - Neonatal appendicitis mistaken for necrotizing enterocolitis. PMID- 7123349 TI - Jejunal perforation associated with slow-release potassium chloride therapy. PMID- 7123351 TI - Retroperitoneal actinomycosis: a rare manifestation of an uncommon disease. PMID- 7123352 TI - Response to this issue's editorial. PMID- 7123353 TI - [Morbidity characteristics of female workers in the basic jobs of the garment industry taking age into account]. PMID- 7123354 TI - [Social hygiene characteristics of children born overweight]. PMID- 7123355 TI - [Specialization in medicine and problems of deontology]. PMID- 7123356 TI - [Social hygiene study of the mode of life and health of the population]. PMID- 7123357 TI - [Role of moral and ethical factors in modern public health]. PMID- 7123358 TI - [Deontology in sports medicine]. PMID- 7123359 TI - [Introduction of the scientific organization of work in provincial medical establishments]. PMID- 7123360 TI - [System of comprehensive individual prophylaxis]. PMID- 7123361 TI - [Work of a resuscitation and intensive therapy department in a provincial pediatric hospital]. PMID- 7123362 TI - [Efficiency in the activities of a 1-day nephrological hospital]. PMID- 7123364 TI - [Features of the clinical course of bitumen burns and their treatment]. PMID- 7123363 TI - [Problem-oriented approach to the teaching of public health administration, economics and planning]. PMID- 7123365 TI - [Diagnosis of liquorrhea in craniocerebral injuries]. PMID- 7123366 TI - [Treatment of injuries of the locomotor apparatus in combined chest injuries]. PMID- 7123367 TI - [External application of corticosteroid preparations in dermatologic practice]. PMID- 7123368 TI - [Functional state of a solitary kidney in children]. PMID- 7123369 TI - [Case of Hurler's pseudopolydystrophy]. PMID- 7123370 TI - [Concentration of biologically active substances in the blood of patients with nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 7123371 TI - [Acid-forming function of the stomach in postgastrectomy peptic ulcers according to the results of intragastric pH-ometry]. PMID- 7123372 TI - [Status of hemostasis in patients with the gastrointestinal form of salmonellosis]. PMID- 7123373 TI - [Energy consumption in patients with meningococcal infections]. PMID- 7123375 TI - [Syndrome of idiopathic hypersomnia]. PMID- 7123374 TI - [Levamisole in the complex treatment of dysentery]. PMID- 7123376 TI - [Plasma composition of myocardial infarct patients]. PMID- 7123377 TI - [Resection of the duodenum and duodenoplasty combined with selective proximal vagotomy]. PMID- 7123379 TI - [What is dyspnea?]. PMID- 7123378 TI - [X-ray fluorescence method of determining the volume and rate of the metabolism of extracellular fluid]. PMID- 7123380 TI - [Methods and feasibility of the early diagnosis of cancer of the esophagus]. PMID- 7123381 TI - [Standardized disease history for patients with inflammatory and oncologic diseases in the maxillofacial area]. PMID- 7123382 TI - [Experience in improving the performance of therapeutic departments of polyclinics]. PMID- 7123383 TI - [Contractile function of the myocardium in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7123384 TI - [State of the motor-evacuatory function of the stomach following selective proximal vagotomy]. PMID- 7123385 TI - [Complex surgical treatment of patients with nephrolithiasis and pyelonephritis]. PMID- 7123386 TI - [Combined use of antibacterial agents, prednisolone and butadione in preventing intestinal complications in typhoid fever]. PMID- 7123387 TI - [Dengue fever]. PMID- 7123388 TI - [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of retroperitoneal tumors and cysts of the pelvis minor]. PMID- 7123392 TI - [Adrenal gland tumors from the internist's viewpoint]. PMID- 7123390 TI - [The significance of angiography in kidney diagnosis]. PMID- 7123389 TI - [Soft tissue tumors of the hand and their treatment]. PMID- 7123391 TI - [Nuclear medicine diagnosis in urology]. PMID- 7123393 TI - [Image-producing examination methods for the adrenal gland with special reference to computerized tomography]. PMID- 7123394 TI - [Indications and value of adrenal gland scintigraphy]. PMID- 7123395 TI - A population study of hyperuricaemia and gout in Japan--analysis of sex, age and occupational differences in thirty-four thousand people living in Nagano Prefecture. PMID- 7123396 TI - [Central nervous system involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus--the application of cranial computed tomography ]. PMID- 7123397 TI - [Diffuse fasciitis with eosinophilia--a case report and summary of reported cases ]. PMID- 7123398 TI - [3 cases of giant bursal cyst due to rheumatoid arthritis ]. PMID- 7123399 TI - [Determination of fibronectin in plasma and synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus ]. PMID- 7123400 TI - Cerebellar dysfunction in hypothyroidism. PMID- 7123401 TI - Treatment of pain in the burned hand. PMID- 7123402 TI - Cryosurgical treatment of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia. AB - This report describes 154 patients treated with cryosurgery for cervical intra epithelial neoplasia (CIN) over a 3-year period. Standard colposcopic criteria were used to select patients for conservative primary treatment. Treatment failed in 12.5% of 112 patients treated for CIN I (mild dysplasia) and II (moderate dysplasia). Of 42 patients treated for CIN III (severe dysplasia/carcinoma in situ) 45.2% showed persistence of the lesion after primary cryosurgery A second course of treatment resulted in a 98% cure rate for patients with CIN I and II and an 85.7% rate for patients with CIN III. However, 14.3% of patients with CIN III required alternative management after further cryosurgery. Because of this experience the treatment of CIN III has been reviewed at this clinic. PMID- 7123403 TI - Serum zinc levels in pelvic inflammatory disease. AB - Serum zinc concentrations in 47 patients with acute pelvic inflammatory disease were compared with those of 50 women in a control group. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate, the white cell count and acute-phase protein (alpha 1- and alpha 2-globulin) values were used to confirm or exclude infection among the patients studied. All these values differed significantly in the control and study groups. The mean zinc level in patients with pelvic inflammatory disease was 0.725 +/- 0.154 micrograms/ml and that in the control group 0,862 +/- 0.117 micrograms/ml. This difference was statistically significant (P less than 0.001). PMID- 7123404 TI - Fetal foot length. AB - Data on fetal weight (FW) and two foot measurements, heel-toe length (HTL) and the distance between the heel and the point of maximal convexity of the metatarsophalangeal crease (HML), are analysed. Analysis shows that the regression of FW on each of the foot measurements is curvilinear, that there is strong correlation between the variables, and that HML is a better guide to FW than HTL. Simple formulas are presented for calculating FW from foot measurements. A comparison of the regression of HTL on FW in present-day fetuses and those in Streeter's study (1920) shows that despite a significant secular trend for birth weight to rise, the HTL/FW relationship is essentially unchanged. PMID- 7123405 TI - The effect of low-dose dihydrallazine on the fetus in the emergency treatment of hypertension in pregnancy. AB - The effects on the fetus of the acute lowering of blood pressure in maternal hypertension with dihydralazine 6.25 mg were studied in 27 Black patients with diastolic blood pressures of 110 mmHg or more. The fetus was found to be growth retarded in 13 of the 14 cases in which fetal heart rate decelerations coincided with a fall in maternal blood pressure. Only 2 of the 13 fetuses without heart rate changes were growth-retarded (P less than 0.001). Continuous fetal heart monitoring during the lowering of the blood pressure helped in recognizing the 'comprised' fetus if this had been missed by other observations. PMID- 7123406 TI - The value of cytological examination of the urine in the staging of invasive carcinoma of the cervix. A prospective study. AB - During the period July 1976 - December 1978 midstream urine specimens were collected from all new patients with invasive cervical carcinoma admitted to Tygerberg Hospital, Parowvallei, CP. All specimens were cytologically screened to try and establish any correlation between the cytological result an the clinical staging. A very high proportion (24.2%) of specimens unsuitable for screening and unacceptable false-negative and false-positive rates forced us to abandon this prospective study. From January 1979 to July 1980 the study was repeated on catheter specimens of urine. The final analysis of the second series revealed that a catheter specimen had definite advantages, but a detection rate of only 37.5% and a false-negative rate of 62.5% forced us to conclude that urinary cytological examination is at present too inaccurate to be of any value in the staging of invasive cervical carcinoma. PMID- 7123407 TI - The 'unbooked' mother at King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban. AB - 'Unbooked' status is associated with excessive perinatal mortality at King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban. A survey was therefore conducted to characterize the unbooked mother and to identify important factors contributing to her unbooked status. The unbooked mother was found to come more frequently from a background of unstable relationships and to have poor financial and emotional support. Unwanted babies and inadequate parenting arrangements were more frequent in this group. One factor contributing to unbooked status was the inaccessibility of peripheral services, which too often also offer a low standard of care. Another was the lack of commitment of private practitioners (visited 67% of the study group) to a concept of antenatal care which is cumulative and includes the planning of the timing, mode and place of delivery. Factors which did not influence the booking status of the mother included the use of traditional healers (Umthandazo and Nyanga) and the incidence of previous operative deliveries. Various recommendations arising from these findings are made. PMID- 7123408 TI - Ectopic production of the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotrophin by malignant ovarian neoplasms. AB - A sensitive and specific radio-immunoassay for the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotrophin (beta-HCG) was performed on serum samples from 18 patients with large pelvic masses. No beta-HCG was detectable in 8 patients with either benign ovarian tumours or non-ovarian masses Ten patients had a malignant ovarian neoplasm, and 6 of these (60%) had raised beta-HCG levels. Cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary was the commonest malignant tumour (6/10) and the beta-HCG level was raised in 4 patients (66.6%) with this tumor. Serum beta-HCG values therefore appear to be useful in the management of ovarian neoplasms, both for the early diagnosis of occult tumor and for monitoring response to treatment. PMID- 7123409 TI - Bowel perforation by the multiload Cu 250 intra-uterine contraceptive device. A case report. PMID- 7123410 TI - Verrucous carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Case reports. AB - Three cases of verrucous carcinoma of the uterine cervix are presented and the literature on this lesion at this site is reviewed. This is a slow-growing tumour, but in order for adequate therapy to be instituted early diagnosis is necessary. Because of the relatively bland microscopic appearance such early diagnosis requires examination of an adequate biopsy specimen and good clinicopathological correlation. PMID- 7123411 TI - Post-pneumonectomy opacification of the hemithorax--its recognition and relevance. PMID- 7123412 TI - Hydrocephalus and reversible spastic gait in an adult. PMID- 7123413 TI - Dantrolene sodium in the treatment of malignant hypertension. PMID- 7123414 TI - The reversibility of cancer: evidence that malignancy in melanoma cells is gamma linolenic acid deficiency-dependent. AB - Certain metabolic abnormalities are common to all malignant cells, and Horrobin proposed that the underlying cause is the inability of cancer cells to produce prostaglandin E1 (PGE1). This appears to be due to the lack of the enzyme delta-6 desaturase which converts the essential fatty acid, linoleic acid, to gamma linolenic acid (GLA), from which PGE1 is then synthesized. Our studies strongly support this contention. Addition to GLA to cancer cells, thus bypassing the block in the metabolic pathway, results in very marked, statistically highly significant inhibition of growth, while having no effect at all on normal cells. Our finding of the regression of cancer through such proposed normalization offers preliminary hope for a new effective and harmless approach to the treatment of cancer. PMID- 7123417 TI - Rotation of the head--a hazardous procedure in the injured patient. PMID- 7123415 TI - Is staging laparotomy necessary in Hodgkin's disease? An analysis of 100 operations. AB - A series of 100 patients with Hodgkin's disease were submitted to staging laparotomy, without mortality and with negligible morbidity. Thirty-one patients were restaged: 23 had occult intra-abdominal disease and 8 false-positive lymphangiograms. Standardized treatment programmes were tested against our clinical and pathological data to determine whether staging laparotomy would alter therapeutic decisions. Programmes based on clinical staging and employing radical radiotherapy would have encompassed all disease without recourse to laparotomy. In contrast, a more conservative programme which employed mantle field irradiation for clinically localized cervical disease, without laparotomy, would have missed disease in 12% of cases. Patients with supradiaphragmatic nodal Hodgkin's disease should either have prophylactic abdominal irradiation (without laparotomy) or more limited radiotherapy determined by laparotomy (without prophylactic irradiation). PMID- 7123416 TI - Rheumatic heart disease in Soweto -- a programme for secondary prevention. PMID- 7123418 TI - Toxic shock syndrome in a 6-year-old girl. A case report and review. PMID- 7123419 TI - The true cervical headache. AB - For the past 10 years the author, a physiotherapist, has studied unselected patients with chronic headache which had not responded to various other treatments and treated them by mobilizing the upper cervical spine. From more than 1000 cases now on record it was seen that there are two separate and distinct syndrome patterns. One of these responds to mobilization of the neck and the other does not. The author describes and contrasts these patterns, and believes that this might be helpful in the differential diagnosis of cervical headaches and migraine. A case history is presented which illustrates the headache that responds to treatment of the cervical spine and also that which does not. Coincidentally, both lesions were present concurrently in the same patient. PMID- 7123420 TI - Multiple myeloma and pernicious anaemia. A case report. PMID- 7123421 TI - Teflon paste injection for velopharyngeal incompetence. PMID- 7123423 TI - Haematology Grand Rounds. Hairy cell leukaemia masquerading as malignant lymphoma. AB - Pancytopenia with massive splenomegaly, minimal lymphadenopathy and circulating atypical lymphoid cells with cytoplasmic projections characterize the lymphoproliferative disorder known as hairy cell leukemia, or leukaemic reticulo endotheliosis. Many of the features of hairy cell leukaemia are shared with a malignant lymphoma of the B-cell type, from which it can be distinguished on a number of criteria, including histological examination of bone marrow, lymph nodes, liver and spleen. Recognition that this syndrome is not homogeneous is important, since in the B-cell tumour the clinical course is progressive, requiring chemotherapy which is usually effective; the disease is indolent in leukaemic reticulo-endotheliosis and drug treatment may actually shorten survival. The patient presented illustrates the ease with which this diagnostic error can arise, and the features separating these two unusual entities are reviewed. PMID- 7123422 TI - Adenosine deaminase estimations in the differentiation of pleural effusions. AB - Adenosine deaminase (ADA) estimations were performed on the pleural fluid from 368 effusions. The mean (+/-SD) ADA concentration in tuberculous effusions was 92,11 +/- 37,05 U/l, and these values were found to be highly statistically different from the 23,23 +/- 13,15 U/l in secondary malignant tumours of the pleura, the 34,86 +/- 14,2 U/l in mesotheliomas, and the 23,81 +/- 15,07 U/l in pulmonary embolism. The ADA values of 64,3 +/- 44,95 U/l in lymphoproliferative disorders were less significantly different. No statistical difference could be found between values in the tuberculous group and the ADA levels of 97,57 +/- 82 U/l found in para-infective effusions, but these could be distinguished from each other by microscopic examination of the pleural fluid. The importance of ADA estimations in the diagnosis and differentiation of tuberculous effusions is discussed and the role of microscopy is emphasized. PMID- 7123424 TI - Radiographic indicators of traumatic cervical spine instability. PMID- 7123425 TI - Hyperexcitable states of the motor unit. PMID- 7123426 TI - Terminal ileitis due to Yersinia enterocolitica. A case report and review of the literature. PMID- 7123427 TI - Congo-Crimean haemorrhagic fever in South Africa. Report of a fatal case in the Transvaal. AB - A 13-year-old boy, after having spent a week at a camp in a nature reserve in the western Transvaal, developed an acute illness of sudden onset characterized by chills, severe headache, muscle pains and high fever. On the 3rd day he developed a haemorrhagic state with profuse bleeding from the gastro-intestinal tract and other mucous membranes and petechial haemorrhages into the skin, from which he died on the 6th day after onset of the illness. A tick, identified as a species of Hyalomma, was found attached to his scalp. The provisional clinical diagnosis of Congo virus fever was confirmed in the laboratory by the isolation of the virus in newborn mice inoculated with the patient's blood. This is the first incrimination of Congo virus as the cause of a fatal case of haemorrhagic fever in South Africa, although it is known to occur in several countries in the tropical region of Africa and in south-eastern Europe and Asia. PMID- 7123428 TI - Inadvertently self-induced cerebral cysticercosis. PMID- 7123429 TI - Phenytoin toxicity induced by interaction with ibuprofen. PMID- 7123432 TI - The correlation between cardiac output and mixed venous oxygen tension. PMID- 7123430 TI - Hypothyroidism in Zambia. AB - Nine patients with clinical and laboratory evidence of hypothyroidism are reported on. All had primary hypothyroidism; 8 were females and 1, the only indigenous Zambian in the group, was male. The mean serum thyroxine (T4) level (+/- 2 SD) in the 9 patients before optimal replacement therapy with L-thyroxine was 3,2 +/- 2,8 microgram/dl. In 3 patients on optimal replacement therapy it was 9,3 +/- 1,2 microgram/dl. This difference is statistically significant (P less than 0,01). The mean serum-tri-iodothyronine (T3) level in the 9 patients before optimal replacement therapy was 56,7 +/- 70 ng/dl, while in 4 patients on optimal replacement therapy it was 141 +/- 36 ng/dl. Although all the optimally treated patients had T3 levels within the normal range, this difference was not statistically significant (P greater than 0,1). In 8 patients the mean serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level was elevated before optimal replacement therapy (29,1 +/- 33 microU/ml), while in 2 patients on optimal replacement therapy it was 5,6 +/- 1 microU/ml. The difference between these levels was not statistically significant (P greater than 0,1); however, in the 2 patients on optimal replacement therapy the serum TSH level was within the normal range, while in the 1 patient in whom replacement therapy was suboptimal the TSH level was elevated (16,8 microU/ml), indicating undertreatment of the primary hypothyroidism. In spite of the fact that iodine deficiency goitre is endemic in Zambia primary hypothyroidism appears to be very uncommon among indigenous Zambians. PMID- 7123431 TI - Knowledge of nutrition among housewives in three South African ethnic groups. AB - Studies on housewives and other groups in Western populations have revealed: (i) a generally high level of claimed or "perceived' knowledge of nutrition; (ii) a much lower level of accurate knowledge; and (iii) an often unsatisfactory application of correct knowledge. Since little is known of knowledge of nutrition in South African populations. White, Indian and Coloured housewives were questioned by use of a questionnaire similar to that used overseas. While the local populations had a fair knowledge of the identity of most nutritional components, their knowledge about good sources of these components and of foods commendable for body building, energy, and slimming, or of those which promote fattening, was only moderately satisfactory. Misconceptions were similar to those reported elsewhere. Factors having a bearing on inadequate or incorrect information are discussed, as is the extent to which this may affect health and disease patterns in Third World and Western populations. Factors detrimental to progress are differences of opinion among nutrition experts and insufficient knowledge on the health/ill-health patterns of those who are knowledgeable of nutrition compared with those who are less knowledgeable. PMID- 7123433 TI - Achalasia complicated by oesophageal stricture. A case report. PMID- 7123437 TI - [Genetic study of HLA system in the Basque population ]. PMID- 7123436 TI - [Red-cell differential count: its value for detecting erythrocyte anomalies and its possible usefulness in elemental blood examination by automated methods ]. PMID- 7123435 TI - [The rate of immunoglobulin subclasses in the differential diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathies ]. PMID- 7123434 TI - [Mechanisms responsible for hyperfibrinogenaemia in the diabetics ]. PMID- 7123438 TI - [Familial hyperlipidaemia and sea-blue histiocyte syndrome ]. PMID- 7123439 TI - [Short-term spleen and lymph-node cultures in patients with diverse haemopathies ]. PMID- 7123440 TI - [Hereditary sideroblastic anaemia ]. PMID- 7123442 TI - Social work perspective on psychosocial dwarfism. AB - This paper describes the family pathology affecting five children with growth retardation. Psychosocial dwarfism was suspected in all of them. Emotional trauma from the social environment is believed to have contributed to the children's retarded growth pattern. Striking similarity in the pattern of disturbance in parent-child interaction with child abuse and maltreatment cases is shown. The social worker's responsibility and the difficulties encountered in both assessment and treatment of these families is highlighted. Guidelines are delineated for social work practitioners in approaching these families. Implications of the findings are examined and directions for future studies identified. PMID- 7123444 TI - Initial shock: impact of a life-threatening disease and ways to deal with it. PMID- 7123441 TI - [Methods recommended by the International Committee for Standardization in Hematology for the determination of hemoglobin A2]. PMID- 7123443 TI - Psychosocial dwarfism: identification, intervention and planning. AB - Psychosocial Dwarfism, a syndrome caused by deprivation, emotional stress and/or neglect, occurs in both infants and children. The identification of children who are delayed because of such stress can be difficult. This article reviews historical and observational diagnostic clues including typical family interactional patterns and attitudes. Diagnosis of PSD is made by a demonstration of change, generally one that occurs upon removal of the child from the family environment. This removal is frequently the beginning of the intervention process, the goal of which is the reversal of physical and psychological delays, the elimination of bizarre behaviors, and the completion of catch-up growth and stabilization of normal growth. Too little is known about successful treatment methods in cases of PSD. The success of interventions is validated by change and can only be determined over long-term follow-up. There is a great need for research and it is important that all health care workers become aware of this challenging disorder. PMID- 7123446 TI - Families and the nursing home social worker. AB - This article focuses on ways in which the changing American family can become a positive part of the life of the nursing home resident through social work intervention. The role of the social worker in the nursing home as it relates to families is a complicated one that has evolved over time and may vary from one nursing home to another. This article provides examples of social work interventions currently in use. Family resources may be tapped to enrich the lives of residents. This is particularly true at the time of admission when the aged person and his family are facing the crisis of institutionalization. Finally relationships can be sustained after the older person has entered a nursing home, and the social worker can facilitate a positive interaction among family members and staff. PMID- 7123448 TI - Social work and liaison psychiatry: a psychosocial team approach to patient and staff needs in a hemodialysis unit. PMID- 7123445 TI - A walk-in and telephone inquiry service: a function of a hospital social work department. AB - This article describes a study undertaken to evaluate the Walk-In and Telephone Inquiry Service provided by a social work department in a general hospital division of a large, voluntary, metropolitan teaching hospital. The major social work function provided in such a service is information and referral; to provide this service, a psychosocial evaluation and counseling are essential. This service is valuable to and utilized by many individuals, professionals and community agencies. It can become the point where individuals enter the health care system. Issues related to policy making, institutional costs and cost benefits are discussed. PMID- 7123447 TI - Teaching children to take more responsibility for their own dental treatment. AB - Inappropriate prevention and utilization behaviors can cause serious problems in all areas of health, including dental care. This paper reports on the testing of a new approach to improve appropriate dental care--teaching children to assume more responsibility for getting their own care. Results show significantly more knowledge posttreatment for children trained in an experimental group taught in this new approach, than children trained in a comparison group, only taught standard dental health education materials. Self-report and role plays showed differences between the two groups in the correct direction, although these differences were not statistically significant. PMID- 7123450 TI - A selection system specific for the Thy mutator phenotype. AB - Thy- mutants, in addition to being resistant to arabinosyl cytosine (arcC), show cross-resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5FU). When Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were exposed to a selection system using both araC and 5FU, the resistant clones isolated were identical to thy- mutants by the following criteria: (1) all were auxotrophic for thymidine with a high reversion frequency to thymidine prototrophy; (2) those tested had a high level of dCTP relative to wild-type cells, while dTTP and dATP levels were unaffected, and (3) all tested had a 7- to 50-fold higher rate of spontaneous mutation than the wild-type strain for at least one independent genetic marker. Although spontaneous thy- mutants were rare, the frequencies of thy- mutants in untreated and mutagenized cultures are consistent with the conclusion that the thy- phenotype is the consequence of a single mutation in CHO cells. PMID- 7123449 TI - Structural and functional hemi- and dizygous Chinese hamster chromosome 2 gene loci in CHO cells. AB - Fourteen independent somatic cell hybrid clones made between diphtheria toxin (DT)-resistant mouse Cl1D cells and DT-sensitive Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells slowly segregated CHO chromosome. Concordant segregation analysis of electrophoretically resolvable Chinese hamster chromosome 2 gene products and CHO chromosomes 2 and Z2 (having q1-q24 deletion) in DT-selected and control hybrid subclones was conducted. Analysis revealed that loci for DT sensitivity and galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase could be regionally assigned to Chinese hamster chromosome 2q1-24 and were physically hemizygous in CHO cells. Enolase (ENO1), 6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD), and phosphoglucomutase 1 (PGM1) were located outside the q1-24 region on Chinese hamster chromosome 2 and were dizygous in CHO cells. Functional dizygosity of ENO1, PGD, and PGM1 in CHO cells, as determined by the isolation of diploid heterozygous electrophoretic shift mutants following UV and EMS exposure, confirmed their location outside the Z2 deletion and indicated that the deletion did not result in the inactivation of adjacent loci. These results are discussed in relation to current theories on the basis for high frequency of drug-resistant autosomal recessive mutants in CHO cells and conservation of mammalian autosomal linkage groups. PMID- 7123451 TI - Serum protein synthesis by somatic cell hybrids. AB - Serum protein synthesis by rodent hepatomaa x fibroblast, hepatom a x teratocarcinoma, and hepatoma x hepatoma somatic cell hybrids was analyzed by Laurell (rocket) and crossed immunoelectrophoresis. With the hepatoma x fibroblast hybrids, of the nine serum proteins investigated, only transferrin was synthesized by the hybrids (with the exception of one hybrid clone which made albumin). Rat hepatoma (MHC) x mouse teratocarcinoma hybrids did not synthesize transferrin, but one of three clones did produce albumin. Rat hepatopma (Faza) x mouse hepatoma (Hepa 1) hybrids synthesized reduced amounts of albumin and transferrin, compared with the parental hepatoma cell lines. From these studies transferrin synthesis appears to be under different controls from the other serum proteins examined. PMID- 7123452 TI - Chromosome-mediated transfer and amplification of an altered mouse dihydrofolate reductase gene. AB - We have conferred methotrexate resistance on mouse 3T6 fibroblasts by chromosome mediated transfer of an altered dihydrofolate reductase gene encoding a highly methotrexate-insensitive enzyme. The methotrexate-resistant 3T6 cell line from which the chromosomes were prepared contains multiple copies of the altered dihydrofolate reductase gene, all of which appear to reside on double-minute chromosomes. Transformants selected at 0.2 microM methotrexate contain 10-20 times more of the transferred altered gene than of the resident normal gene. The altered genes are associated with double-minute chromosomes and are permanently lost following growth of the transformants in the absence of methotrexate. Growth of the transformants in increasing concentrations of methotrexate leads to the emergence of cells which have accumulated double-minute chromosomes and which have amplified only the transferred dihydrofolate reductase gene. PMID- 7123455 TI - The surgical clinics of north america. PMID- 7123454 TI - Isolation and characterization of puromycin-resistant clones from cultured mosquito cells. AB - We have isolated from an established Aedes albopictus (mosquito) cell line clones which are resistant to the antibiotic puromycin. On the basis of growth and plating efficiency, clones Pur-8026 and Pur-8612 were five- and seven-fold more resistant, respectively, to puromycin than wild-type cells. In vitro protein synthesis was resistant to puromycin only in extracts prepared from Pur-8612 cells. Measurements of puromycin transport, cross-resistance to colchicine, and sensitivity to Tween-80 indicating that resistance in Pur-8026 cells was due to membrane alteration(s) affecting permeability to puromycin. This is the first description of puromycin resistant in insect cells and also the first report of puromycin resistance in an animal cell variant associated with an alteration at the level of protein synthesis. PMID- 7123453 TI - Isolation of a spontaneous CHO amino acid transport mutant by a combination of tritium suicide and replica plating. AB - A spontaneous transport mutant of Chinese hamster ovary cells, CHY-1, was isolated by a combination of [3H]proline suicide and replica plating. The mutant took up less tritium than the parent, resulting in a lower killing rate during storage. Transport by four separate amino acid transport systems (A, ASC, L, Ly+) was examined. The CHY-1 mutant exhibited normal uptake via the ASC, L, and Ly+ systems. By contrast, uptake of the most specific substrate of the A system, 2 (methylamino)-isobutyric acid, was significantly reduced at low, but not high, concentrations, due to a 3.5-fold increase in Km and a 1.5-fold increase in Vmax. Taken together, these data suggest that the CHY-1 mutation may be in the structural gene coding for the A transport protein. The tritium suicide procedure is discussed, and general equations are derived to predict the maximum storage time for the survival of one mutant cell and the optimum size of the cell population for maximum mutant enrichment. PMID- 7123456 TI - Endoscopic management of choledocholithiasis. PMID- 7123459 TI - Choledochoscopy. PMID- 7123458 TI - Endoscopic management of pancreatitis. PMID- 7123457 TI - Endoscopic stents and drains in the management of pancreatic and bile duct obstruction. PMID- 7123460 TI - A rationale for the endoscopic management of colonic polyps. AB - The incidence of invasive cancer in colonic polyps is related to the size of the lesion and the histologic type of the adenoma. It is greatest for villous adenomas and least for tubular adenomas. The malignant potential increases with the size of the polyp, and in lesions 3 cm and larger malignant disease is present in at least 12 per cent. In general, polyps with invasive malignant disease require colon resection, but for pedunculated adenomas, colonoscopic polypectomy is adequate treatment. Even when invasive cancer is close to the line of endoscopic resection but does not invade the stalk or does not display lymphatic or vascular invasion, a case may be made for conservative, endoscopic treatment alone because the occurrence of local or distal metastasis is very unusual. PMID- 7123461 TI - Colonoscopy: technique and training methods. PMID- 7123462 TI - Technique of colonoscopic polypectomy. AB - Most colonic polyps can be removed colonoscopically from all reaches of the colon, provided that one is experienced with endoscopic morphology and snare electrosurgical techniques. Virtually all pedunculated polyps and the majority of benign sessile polyps can be excised colonoscopically, certain of the larger benign sessile polyps and all malignant sessile lesions still require partial colectomy, if the patient's general condition will permit. Preparation for colonoscopic polypectomy includes thorough mental as well as physical preparation of the patient and the availability of properly functioning endoscopic and snare cautery equipment. An experienced colonoscopist is one who is not only prepared for the diagnostic possibilities but experienced enough to manage certain of the larger polyps so that laparotomy is limited to those few lesions that are not amenable to safe and total colonoscopic polypectomy. PMID- 7123463 TI - Colonoscopic diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease. AB - The indications and limitations of colonoscopy in the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease are well defined. The endoscopic examination is usually easily performed and well tolerated by the patient, but, since endoscopic examination of the colon is an invasive procedure (and potentially dangerous), colonoscopy should only be performed in those patients in whom the indication is clear and the benefits identifiable. Colonoscopy may provide valuable information in the diagnosis and may help outline the course of therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 7123464 TI - Treatment and follow-up study of squamous cell carcinoma in situ of the cervix uteri. AB - The survey of approved cancer programs done by the Commission on Cancer of the American College of Surgeons observed a total of 9,468 patients with a diagnosis of in situ squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix uteri. Sixty-four per cent of these patients had been observed for at least nine years. The most commonly used definitive treatment was hysterectomy. Recurrences were observed after hysterectomy, conization and radiation therapy. There were significantly more recurrences in the group treated by conization compared with those treated by hysterectomy. The highest rate of second cancer primary to the vagina, vulva, uterus or ovaries was among patients who received no treatment. The cancer specific, ten year survival rate for those with no treatment was 96.6 per cent, and for those treated by conization or by hysterectomy, the rates were 99.3 and 99.8 per cent, respectively. PMID- 7123465 TI - Neoplasms metastatic to the thyroid gland. AB - In this report, the incidence and pathologic factors of neoplasms metastatic to the thyroid gland in patients seen at the Mayo Clinic are examined. The most frequent primary tumors were renal cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the breast. A review of recent studies of this topic at other institutions is also offered. It is suggested that fine needle aspiration of the thyroid gland be used diagnostically in all patients with a prior malignant tumor at a distant site who have a thyroid nodule. A therapeutic approach is suggested which limits thyroidectomy largely to instances of slow growing tumors without evident metastasis elsewhere. PMID- 7123466 TI - Arteriographic and ultrasonic evaluation of vascular clamp injuries using an in vitro human experimental model. AB - A new experimental model was developed for dynamic in vitro evaluation of clamp effects in normal and atherosclerotic human arteries. Five normal and 25 atherosclerotic arteries obtained at autopsy were perfused by a pulsatile blood pump. Five vascular clamps--DeBakey, Satinsky, Fogarty, bulldog and Potts--were applied separately to 150 arterial segments, 30 each. The arterial segments were examined by single exposure arteriography and real time ultrasonography. The arteries were opened longitudinally and examined for traumatic lesions and atherosclerotic plaques. Except for a single intimal tear, there were no lesions produced by the clamps applied to normal arteries. In atherosclerotic arteries, the number of traumatic lesions, intimal tears and flaps, was comparable for all five clamps except the bulldog clamp which caused no intimal flaps. Intimal tears and flaps were observed in 14 and 26 per cent of all atherosclerotic vessels, respectively. The occurrence of clamp trauma in atherosclerotic arteries was independent of the age, sex and direct clamp application to plaques. Sensitivity of intimal tears by arteriography and ultrasonography was comparable low. Intimal flap sensitivity and accuracy of ultrasonography were greater than that of arteriography, p less than 0.01. It is concluded that the occurrence of important trauma by vascular clamps in atherosclerotic arteries is high and occurs whether or not discrete plaques are clamped. Clamp trauma is minimal in normal arteries. Imaging ultrasonography is superior to arteriography in detecting intimal flaps and can demonstrate the majority of intimal flaps produced by vascular clamps. PMID- 7123468 TI - Discovery of Crohn's disease at celiotomy. AB - Many patients with Crohn's disease have abdominal operations, but the role of surgical exploration in the recognition of this syndrome has not been assessed. We reviewed the operative records of 78 patients with a presumptive diagnosis of Crohn's disease who had a celiotomy between 1968 and 1979 at The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics. The patients were divided into two groups according to the likelihood of having Crohn's disease. Clinical presentation and operative indications were similar to those commonly reported for Crohn's disease. Most findings at celiotomy occurred with similar frequency in the two groups. Fat wrapping and thickening of the intestinal wall were the most common findings. These were closely followed in frequency of occurrence by the presence of adhesions, abdominal masses or serosal changes. Less common changes included strictures, intestinal dilation, skip lesions, fistulas and abscesses. Free peritoneal fluid and mesenteric lymph node enlargement were rare in 63 patients with established Crohn's disease but were comparatively more common in 15 patients deemed unlikely to have the disease. Even though the diagnosis of Crohn's disease was not firmly established preoperatively in more than one-fourth of the patients, the surgeon rarely took steps to make a specific diagnosis. Preoperatively, the diagnosis in four patients was changed from carcinoma of the cecum in two, from appendicitis in two and from ischemic colitis in one patient to a correct diagnosis of Crohn's disease, but never was a diagnosis preoperatively of Crohn's disease changed postoperatively to an alternative. We conclude that presently recognized operative findings are of limited value in the differential diagnosis of the disease because, in our experience, the preoperative diagnosis of Crohn's disease was never altered at operation. The diagnosis should be made with caution in the presence of free peritoneal fluid or mesenteric lymphadenopathy. PMID- 7123469 TI - Clinical evaluation of a low lint surgical sponge. AB - To evaluate a new low lint, nonwoven surgical sponge material, a prospective, stratified, randomized, single blind study of 232 patients was carried out. Patients studied underwent thoracic, upper abdominal or lower abdominal operations. The new material, in the form of laparotomy pads and sponges, was compared with cotton gauze. Safety of the material was evaluated by a battery of biochemical and hematologic tests. No clinically significant differences were seen. Effectiveness was evaluated by measuring fluid absorption. The new material was significantly more effective than cotton gauze in both configurations studied. Since this article was completed, the sponge material has been refabricated into laparotomy pads which are appreciably softer and more comformable than the study pads. The newest revision has been cleared by the Food and Drug Administration for clinical use. PMID- 7123467 TI - Factors affecting the results of below knee amputation in patients with and without diabetes. AB - During a five year period, 113 below knee amputations were performed upon 100 patients. Multiple factors were examined for the effects on wound complication and reamputation rates. Healing without reamputation occurred in 91.9 per cent of those in the diabetic group and in 76.5 per cent of those in the nondiabetic group, p less than 0.05. Cellulitis of the foot did not significantly affect healing below the knee in patients with diabetes, 82.5 per cent with cellulitis versus 87.5 per cent without cellulitis, p greater than 0.05, but did affect healing in those in the nondiabetic group, 81.8 per cent success versus 66.7 per cent, p less than 0.05, and affected their minor wound complication rate, 50.0 per cent with cellulitis versus 26.5 per cent without cellulitis. Absence of femoral pulses uniformly predicted a nonhealing below the knee amputation in patients with cellulitis, whereas in patients without cellulitis, healing occurred in 85 per cent. Hemoglobin levels were inversely proportional to success rates only in patients with diabetes and cellulitis, 10.54 +/- 1.68 versus 12.85 +/- 2.30 grams per deciliter for failures, p = 0.016. Elevated white blood counts were predictive of failure to heal below the knee amputations only in those in the nondiabetic group without cellulitis, 10,110 +/- 3,200 cells per millimeter3 for success versus 13,750 +/- 3,300 cells per millimeter3 for failures, p = 0.018. Use of wound drains correlated with a 55.0 per cent wound complication rate versus 16.1 per cent when drains were not used. Wound complications were minimized when amputations were closed with subcuticular suture and skin tapes. PMID- 7123470 TI - Brachiobasilic and brachiocephalic fistulas as secondary angioaccess routes. PMID- 7123472 TI - Clinical research in surgical oncology. PMID- 7123473 TI - Simple rapid method of securing a cystic duct catheter. PMID- 7123471 TI - Delayed arterial embolectomy. AB - Eight instances of delayed or late embolectomy are presented with a review of 241 additional patients from the literature. The time interval from clinical onset to embolectomy ranged from three days to eight weeks in our series and two days to seven weeks in the additional 12 series surveyed. One amputation and seven successful restorations of arterial pulses occurred in our series. One hundred and seventy-two viable extremities, 48 amputations and 30 deaths were reviewed among the additional series. Intraoperative arteriography and a direct operative approach to the distal arterial tree would improve the results for those patients who require a delayed embolectomy. PMID- 7123474 TI - Use of vacutainer suction as a convenient method of resolving postmastectomy seromas. PMID- 7123475 TI - A simplified technique for vascular access in the upper extremity. PMID- 7123476 TI - A new technique for closure of the distal aortic stump. PMID- 7123477 TI - Gallstone pancreatitis: the second time around. AB - Over a 16-year period from 1965 to 1981, 35 patients who had undergone previous operation for gallstone pancreatitis were treated by us because of retained or recurrent common bile duct stones. The recurrence rate of gallstone pancreatitis in this study, after "the first time around," was 92%. The interval between the initial operation and the recurrent attack of gallstone pancreatitis ranged from 1 month to 30 years. The mean interval was 2 years for patients with retained stones and 12 years for patients with recurrent stones. There were stones present in 83% of the common bile ducts, 23% of which were impacted at the ampulla of Vater. Thirty-seven percent of the patients passed stones in the stool measuring up to 8 mm in size. Of the patients who had early operation, 66% had impacted ampullary stones, but only 18% of patients who underwent delayed surgery had such stones. The recurrence of gallstone pancreatitis, "the second time around," was only 2%. The data attest to the facts that (1) the natural history of a retained or recurrent common bile duct stone in a patient previously operated on for gallstone pancreatitis is recurrence of the disease, and (2) absolute stone clearance of the common bile duct the first time around will cure virtually all the patients. Further support for the "migratory theory" of gallstone pancreatitis is substantiated by this study. PMID- 7123478 TI - Endoscopic papillotomy. AB - Endoscopic papillotomy is a major therapeutic advance in the management of common bile duct obstruction. During 1981, the procedure was performed in 48 of 51 patients between 17 and 93 years of age. There were 13 men and 35 women. Common duct stones were removed in 26 of 31 patients (84%), six of whom had their gallbladders in place and two of whom had cholangitis. Failure in five patients occurred because of stone adherence to the common duct wall, stone size, ductal stenosis, or caught Dormia basket. Papillotomy was done in 10 of 11 patients for stenosis, two for recurrent pancreatitis, two with the sump syndrome, one for hemobilia, and one for bile duct tumor biopsy. The "precut" technique was required in 11 patients. Mild pancreatitis developed in three patients and severe hemorrhagic pancreatitis in one. Three of the four had the precut technique. One patient had minor bleeding, and two developed acute cholangitis requiring laparotomy, one of whom died (2.1%) 40 days after initial endoscopic papillotomy. A Dormia basket became caught in one patient. The duration of hospitalization was 24 to 36 hours after endoscopic papillotomy. Endoscopic papillotomy is considered the method of choice in the management of postcholecystectomy choledocholithiasis. PMID- 7123479 TI - Abdominal surgery in patients undergoing long-term peritoneal dialysis. AB - Nineteen patients undergoing long-term peritoneal dialysis (LTPD) required abdominal operations--11 elective and 8 emergency. The preoperative hemoglobin level was 9.0 +/- 2.6 gm/dl, and the serum albumin was 28.8 +/- 4.9 gm/L. There was one death in the elective group (an inguinal herniorrhaphy) and four deaths in the emergency group (three spontaneous colonic perforations and one strangulated ventral hernia). Wound complications occurred in five patients. To obtain an indication of nutritional status of patients on intermittent LTPD and high-protein diets, 17 in-center patients underwent nutritional assessment, and deficiencies in delayed hypersensitivity skin testing and total lymphocyte counts were prevalent. Wounds require secure, watertight closure to prevent dialysis leakage. In elective abdominal surgery, LTPD should be carried out shortly preoperatively to delay dialysis for a few days after operation and to decrease defective platelet function. Preoperative transfusion for anemia is generally unnecessary. Drains should be avoided or removed before resumption of LTPD. Abdominal wall hernias should be repaired electively. Constipation should be avoided. Marked protein loss accompanies peritonitis. In certain instances, transfer to hemodialysis is indicated. PMID- 7123480 TI - Excision of underlying fascia with a primary malignant melanoma: effect on recurrence and survival rates. AB - Patients with stages O and I malignant melanomas of the trunk and proximal limbs, having had wide excisions only without lymph node dissections, were reviewed to determine whether the presence or absence of muscle fasciae correlated with prognosis. Prior to 1969 most patients seen at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute at Houston with primary melanomas underwent wide excision of their lesions including muscle fasciae; however, after 1969 the fasciae were not resected in most patients. Records of 107 patients in whom fasciae were excised and 95 patients in whom fasciae were preserved, all with 5 year follow-up, were analyzed. Although a trend was present in favor of the patients in whom the fascia was removed (20% regional recurrence rate versus 25%), the incidence of subsequent recurrence, site of recurrence, and survival were not statistically different between the two groups. This review has not confirmed the hypothesis that the excision of muscle fasciae correlates with recurrence or survival in patients treated for primary malignant melanoma. PMID- 7123481 TI - Digital subtraction angiography and B-mode ultrasonography for abdominal and peripheral aneurysms. AB - Thirty-two patients suspected of having intraabdominal and/or peripheral aneurysms were evaluated by digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and B-mode ultrasonography to determine whether diagnostic accuracy and operative management could be improved by this combination of preoperative studies. Abdominal B-mode ultrasonography accurately diagnosed most primary aortic aneurysms and correctly determined their size (93%) but missed iliac artery aneurysms in 75% of cases. Failures resulted from severe ileus and the inability to scan the intrapelvic iliac vessels. Abdominal ultrasound studies were false positive for aortic pseudoaneurysms in two of four cases. DSA correctly identified all but one intra abdominal aneurysm but did not always correctly determine their size because of intraluminal clot. DSA identified a number of associated peripheral vascular lesions, which ultrasonography could not. All primary peripheral aneurysms were correctly diagnosed by ultrasound, but nearly half of the ultrasound studies were false positive for femoral pseudoaneurysms. DSA correctly identified all peripheral aneurysms and at the same time provided anatomic information about vessels proximal and distal to these lesions needed for surgical planning. Digital subtraction angiography combined with ultrasonography is diagnostically accurate and provides adequate anatomic information for planning surgical management of these aneurysms. PMID- 7123482 TI - Prebypass operative arteriography. AB - Complete arteriographic delineation of lower extremity arterial anatomy is not always possible preoperatively. Nonvisualization of patent arterial segments may lead to amputation in lieu of arterial bypass grafting. During a 3-year period (1978 to 1981), 31 patients evaluated for lower extremity arterial bypass had incomplete preoperative arteriographic studies. Eighty-seven percent of these patients were in limb salvage categories. In order to obtain better arterial visualization, 33 operative arteriograms, preceding 32 operative procedures, were performed through the femoral (n = 14), popliteal (n = 17), posterior tibial (n = 1), and dorsal pedial (n = 1) arteries. All arteriograms were performed following arterial dissection and clamp occlusion of arterial inflow. The operative arteriogram was found to be beneficial in 91% of cases (29 of 32). In 66%, bypass was performed to vessels that were not visualized preoperatively. In 25%, bypasses were performed to vessels that were visualized preoperatively but intraoperative arteriograms showed better visualization of the vessels and distal runoff, thus allowing bypass to the optimal recipient artery. In three cases (9%), the intraoperative technique was not beneficial, as no additional arterial visualization was provided. Only one patient could not undergo bypass because of nonvisualization of recipient vessels. Overall, major amputation was avoided in 86% of patients (24 of 28) suffering from severe rest pain or gangrene during the period of study. Prebypass operative arteriography is a technique that clearly provides for increased limb salvage. Ninety-three percent of patients (14 of 15) otherwise facing immediate major amputation had their limbs salvaged through the use of this technique. PMID- 7123483 TI - Causes of stroke in carotid endarterectomy. AB - Carotid endarterectomy performed with the patient conscious under regional anesthesia provides a unique opportunity to determine the time of onset of a neurologic deficit and in deduce a likely cause. If a trial period of carotid occlusion is tolerated without the development of a neurologic deficit (96% of our patients), operation may continue without indwelling shunt. Of the 345 patients who had elective carotid endarterectomies performed without shunt, neurologic deficits lasting longer than 24 hours developed in 6 patients (1.7%), and deficits resolving within 24 hours occurred in 15 patients (4.3%). The neurologic deficit developed during carotid dissection in 3 patients, during carotid occlusion in 1 patient, upon release of carotid occlusion in 2 patients, and in the first 5 postoperative days in 15 patients. Of the 15 postoperative deficits, 9 were transient ischemic attacks similar to preoperative episodes, 4 were strokes, and 2 were visual changes. Twenty of 21 deficits were thromboembolic, reperfusion phenomena or were related to hypotension. Only one (0.3% of 345 cases) could be attributed to cerebral anoxia. We believe comparison of raw stroke rates is not valid in comparing methods of cerebral protection, since most perioperative neurologic deficits are not attributable to hypoperfusion. Furthermore, trial carotid occlusion in the conscious patient is a satisfactory method for determining the need to use a shunt. PMID- 7123484 TI - Ex vivo renal artery reconstruction with autotransplantation. AB - Ex vivo artery reconstruction with autotransplantation was performed on 34 occasions in 33 patients over the past 10 years. The cause of the renal artery disease was fibromuscular disease in 26 patients, arteriosclerosis or reoperation in 5 patients, acute dissection of the thoracic and abdominal aorta in 1 patient, and renal artery aneurysm in a single kidney in 1 patient. All patients were thought to be inoperable by in situ reconstruction. Many patients were treated with a combination of methods including bilateral ex vivo reconstruction, unilateral in situ and contralateral ex vivo reconstruction, and unilateral ex vivo reconstruction with contralateral nephrectomy. Arterial autografts were used in all but one patient to replace the diseased segment of renal artery. Follow-up was from 6 months to 10 years. The following results were obtained. One patient died 7 days after surgery from a ruptured berry aneurysm, and one patient required nephrectomy 6 months after reconstruction because of restenosis. There was no morbidity in the remaining patients. Results in the remaining patients were as follows. Twenty patients were classified as having excellent results, seven patients good results, 2 patients fair results, and two patients poor results. Combining the excellent and good groups showed an 86% cure or considerable improvement rate. These results suggest that ex vivo renal artery reconstruction is an effective and safe method of treating renal vascular hypertension when indicated. PMID- 7123485 TI - Acute mesenteric ischemia. AB - Forty-nine patients with acute mesenteric ischemia have been treated during the past 15 years. The overall mortality rate was 65%; the prognosis varied with the cause of disease. None of the 12 patients with primary thrombosis of the mesenteric arteries, 5 of 14 with spontaneous embolization, and 2 of 4 with arterial occlusion subsequent to diagnostic angiography survived. Seven of 11 patients with primary mesenteric venous thrombosis and 2 of 7 patients in whom mesenteric ischemia was related to low flow unassociated with occlusion of either the major arteries or veins survived. The only patient with occlusive arterial vasculitis survived. Thirty-one of these 49 patients presented with peritoneal signs. The serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, and creatine phosphokinase levels were significantly elevated in patients with nonocclusive ischemia and less elevated in patients with arterial or venous thrombosis. By contrast, the enzyme levels were frequently normal in patients with arterial embolization. Angiography was diagnostic in all four patients who were evaluated with this procedure--three patients with arterial embolization and one patient with nonocclusive ischemia. This procedure should be used more frequently, especially when embolization is suspected. The value of reexploration was assessed. There were 17 reexplorations, with only three contributing to survival (17.7%). Two patients with mesenteric venous thrombosis and one patient with arterial embolization benefited from resectional therapy during reexploration. The study emphasizes that diagnostic criteria, therapy, and prognosis can be correlated with the etiologic factor. PMID- 7123486 TI - Peripheral postcapillary venous pressure--a new hemodynamic monitoring parameter. AB - Peripheral postcapillary venous pressure (PCVP) appears to be an indicator of peripheral perfusion (cutaneous blood flow) in the experimental animal. Eighteen male mongrel dogs under balanced anesthesia were subjected to either slow, continuous hemorrhage 0.65 ml/kg/min) or plasma expansion with dextran 40 (0.80 ml/kg/min) over a period of 1 hour. Peripheral PCVP, cental venous pressure arterial pressure, cardiac output (CO), mixed venous oxygen saturation, pulmonary arterial pressure, and pulmonary wedge pressure were monitored on a continuous basis. The only parameter that consistently gave a predictable measure of the degree of induced volume change without requiring pulmonary arterial catheterization was PCVP. PCVP showed a close correlation with CO (r = 0.96). PMID- 7123487 TI - Congenital posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia: new dimensions in management. AB - A retrospective analysis of 93 consecutive children with congenital posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) was performed to determine outcome, ability to predict the development of persistent fetal circulation (PFC) requiring pharmacologic or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and whether drugs or ECMO have improved survival. No patient died who was more than 24 hours of age at operation. Of 66 (71%) infants who were younger than 24 hours, 38 (58%) died. Preoperative and postoperative alveolar-arterial oxygen differences (AaDo2) did not consistently predict survival or death. Pharmacologic management of PFC in 30 patients resulted in a temporary improvement in 13 (43%). Survival was attributable to drugs in only seven (23%). ECMO was used in eight patients, all of whom had failed to improve with pharmacologic therapy and had a 100% predicted mortality rate based on the Neonatal Pulmonary Insufficiency Index. All eight had temporary improvement, while five (62%) completely cleared the PFC and four (50%) survived. Significant complications occurred in six patients. Earlier and more reliable methods of predicting high-risk infants are needed. Pharmacologic manipulation of PFC associated with CDH did not significantly improve survival. ECMO may prove to be a useful means of supporting these infants until more effective ventilatory and pharmacologic methods become available. PMID- 7123488 TI - The role of surgery in children with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. AB - Long-term follow-up of children with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinomas) suggests that surgical management is still advantageous. Twenty-eight children with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome have been followed up to 21 years after their initial surgical procedure. Six of seven children with less than total gastrectomy, all of whom underwent operation before the introduction of histamine H2-receptor antagonists, are known dead from complications of continued gastric hypersecretion and tumor growth. Sixteen children had a total gastrectomy, with no operative deaths, and only one died of progressive tumor growth, even though 14 had evidence of metastatic islet-cell carcinoma. Follow-up serum gastrin measurements have been obtained for 13 patients with total gastrectomy, and 5 patients now have a normal serum gastrin levels. Malignant gastrinomas in children have been slow growing, indolent, and compatible with long life. The biologic behavior of malignant gastrinomas appears to be more favorable in the young patient. Total gastrectomy can be done safely in children with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and effectively controls gastric hypersecretion when all gastrin-producing tumor cannot be excised. Surgical exploration and an attempt at "curative" tumor excision, even when tumor is extrapancreatic and in lymph nodes, appear worthwhile in selected patients. PMID- 7123489 TI - One-stage resection for massive cervicomediastinal hygroma. AB - Cervicomediastinal cystic hygroma has long been recognized as a serious cause of respiratory distress in infancy. This report describes the management of ten infants and children with large cervicomediastinal hygromas. Ages ranged from the newborn to 4 years (average 18.4 months). Six were boys and four were girls. Eight presented with respiratory distress. Neck examination, ultrasonography, and chest x-ray examination were usually diagnostic. In four infants the intrathoracic component was initially clinically unsuspected. The neck lesion descends into the chest between the subclavian vein and artery. At operation the mass was dissected off the pericardium; phrenic, vagus, and recurrent laryngeal nerves; esophagus; aortic arch; and subclavian vessels. Complete resection was possible in each case. Nine of ten patients survived. Death occurred in a newborn with bilateral tumor and pulmonary hypoplasia. Three patients developed Horner's syndrome. There were no recurrences (follow-up 9 months to 10 years). These data indicate that a one-stage resection using an inverted hockey stick (sternum splitting) incision is well tolerated, curative, and superior to other methods of treatment in infants with cervicomediastinal cystic hygroma. PMID- 7123490 TI - Utility of thyroid aspiration biopsy. AB - The utility of fine-needle aspiration biopsy to detect carcinoma in thyroid nodules was evaluated by a decision-analysis approach in 102 patients. The procedure caused no morbidity. Cytologic diagnoses were categorized as unsatisfactory (4), no abnormality detected (61), atypical (13), suspicious for malignancy (14), malignancy (2), and inflammation (8). The duration of follow-up averaged 13 months. Of 21 thyroidectomy patients, 10 (48%) had carcinoma. Half of the ten patients operated upon for suspicious cytologic findings were found to have malignancy. Assuming criterion I, that atypical, suspicious, or malignancy results indicated cancer, sensitivity was 90%, specificity 77%, false positive fraction 23%, positive predictive value 31%, negative predictive value 99%, and accuracy 79%. Assuming criterion II, that only suspicious or malignancy cytologic findings represented carcinoma, sensitivity was 70%, specificity 90%, false positive fraction 10%, positive predictive value 44%, negative predictive value 96%, and accuracy 88%. We conclude that sensitivity and specificity of fine needle aspiration biopsy vary depending upon the use of criterion I or II. Accuracy is highest if atypical results are not considered to represent carcinoma. Positive predictive values remain low and negative predictive values are high in either case. The utility of fine-needle aspiration biopsy when interpreted in relation to clinical criteria is supported by these results. PMID- 7123492 TI - Hepatocellular function and nutrient blood flow in experimental peritonitis. AB - The pathophysiologic basis of organ failure and reduced oxygen consumption in peritoneal infection remains undefined. Plausible explanations include alteration of tissue nutrient blood flow and a primary cellular injury that impairs oxygen metabolism. To define this controversy, we created peritonitis in rats by cecal ligation and puncture. Controls had sham operation. Rats were sacrificed at 6 or 18 hours, liver mitochondria were isolated, and oxidative phosphorylation was studied polarographically. In additional animals indocyanine green (ICG) clearance was studied at low (5 mg/kg) or high (15 mg/kg) doses. The low-dose ICG clearance reflects total hepatic blood flow; a Lineweaver-Burk plot of clearance versus the dose permits extrapolation of clearance to an infinite dose as an indicator of cellular function. Mitochondria studied at 6 hours (n = 10) and 18 hours (n = 10) indicated no differences when compared to paired controls. ICG clearance was unchanged between peritonitis and control rats at 6 hours. However, at 18 hours peritonitis rats had a prolonged half-life of 2.49 +/- 0.31 minutes for the low-dose and 5.29 +/- 0.41 minutes for the high-dose compared to 1.65 +/- 0.07 and 4.34 +/- 0.10 minutes, respectively, for the controls. The Lineweaver Burk plot of clearance versus dose resulted in peritonitis and control clearance rates intercepting each other at an extrapolated infinite dose. These data indicate that hepatocellular function measured by mitochondrial function and ICG clearance was unaltered. Low-dose ICG clearance indicated reduced total hepatic blood flow. The reduced oxygen consumption in peritonitis appears to have its genesis in altered nutrient blood flow. PMID- 7123491 TI - Totally implanted venous and arterial access system to replace external catheters in cancer treatment. AB - A totally implanted venous and arterial access system was tested in 30 cancer patients. The device, an injection port (Infuse-A-Port, Infusaid Corp., Sharon, Mass.), consisted of a 3.5 by 1.5 cm conical chamber with a self-sealing silicone rubber septum connected to a Silastic catheter. Ten patents had the injection port operatively placed for arterial access. A total of 39 bolus injections and 18 continuous infusions lasting an average 5.4 +/- 3.4 days were administered through the port. The total time of arterial access ranged from 70 to 370 days. No special program of heparinization was required to maintain patency. The injection port was used for central venous access in 20 patients. The first six patients had a small lumen catheter of 0.38 mm internal diameter, and five had occlusion between 142 and 447 days. Subsequently, 19 ports with a larger catheter lumen of 0.63 mm were used. These ports functioned for an average of 274 +/- 110 days (23 to 382 days). There were 380 single bolus injections and 64 continuous infusions. A variety of anticancer agents as well as whole blood, blood products, and antibiotics were administered with the device without difficulty. Patient acceptance was excellent. PMID- 7123493 TI - Late complications of central liver injuries. AB - Twenty-one patients developed complications of central liver injuries requiring reoperation 1 week to several years after the initial injury. Seven patients were from a series of 320 acute liver injuries treated by us, and 14 were referred to us when their complications became evident. Eleven patients had hepatic abscesses, six had sterile hematomas, and four had hemobilia and its sequelae. Seven patients had asymptomatic vascular disruptions detected with angiography. Two patients developed biliary calculi secondary to hemobilia. Treatment was individualized and ranged from hepatostomy to extended hepatic resection. There were four deaths, three of which were related to the liver injury. Iatrogenic factors were responsible for 62% of these complications. The creation of a central hepatic cavity by superficial suturing or by packing was the most frequent cause, but inadequate resection, failure to provide posterior drainage, and hepatic artery ligation were implicated as well. Late complications of central liver injuries should be infrequent, often are preventable, are not subtle, and respond well to established modes of therapy. PMID- 7123494 TI - Myocardial contusion: implications for patients with multiple traumatic injuries. PMID- 7123495 TI - Reappraisal of diagnostic peritoneal lavage criteria for operation in penetrating and blunt trauma. AB - The criteria for declaring the results of a diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL) positive have been controversial. Lowered cell count criteria result in increased sensitivity, decreased specificity, and altered accuracy. Consecutive lavages on 105 patients with penetrating trauma (PT) to the lower chest and abdomen (48 gunshot wounds and 57 stab wounds) and 1812 patients with blunt abdominal trauma (BT) were studied. Varied cell count criteria were analyzed. The best criteria for BT were as follows: positive, lavage fluid red blood cells (LRBCs) greater than 100,000/mm3 or lavage fluid white blood cells (LWBCs) greater than 500/mm3; indeterminate, LRBCs 50,000/mm3 to 100,000/mm3 or LWBCs 100 to 500/mm3; and negative, LRBCs less than 50,000/mm3 and LWBCs less than 100/mm3. Based on these criteria the accuracy of the test was 99.1%. The highest accuracy would be achieved for PT if the criteria were as follows: positive, LRBCs greater than 50,000/mm3 or LWBCs greater than 500/mm3; indeterminate, LRBCs 25,000 to 50,000/mm3 or LWBCs 100 to 500/mm3; negative, LRBCs less than 25,000/mm3 and LWBCs less than 100/mm3. Based on these criteria the accuracy of the test for PT would range from 96.2% (101 of 105) to 98.1% (103 of 105), depending on the results of repeat lavage for two patients with indeterminate initial lavages. The standard lavage criteria were the best for BT and achieved the highest accuracy. However, the LRBC criteria should be lowered for PT. PMID- 7123497 TI - Necrotizing fasciitis: a preventable disaster. AB - Twenty-eight cases of necrotizing fasciitis (NF) were treated in 27 patients. Most commonly these infections were caused by perineal disease, operative procedures, and cutaneous ulcers. Associated chronic diseases were present in 21 patients. Postoperative fasciitis occurred when prophylactic antibiotics were omitted or used inappropriately during clean-contaminated or contaminated procedures and when primary skin closure was done in the presence of intra abdominal contamination. All but four infections were polymicrobial. The overall mortality rate was 73% (20 of 27). Death was due to persistent would sepsis in nine, systemic septic complications despite apparent local control of the infection in nine, and myocardial infarction in two patients. Five of seven survivors had NF limited to one region (leg, perineum, or abdomen). Only 2 of 15 patients survived when more than one debridement was necessary to control ongoing wound necrosis. Eleven of 12 patients who had a delay in treatment for more than 12 hours died. These results suggest that prompt recognition and treatment of NF are essential for survival. The presence of chronic debilitating diseases may contribute to the uncontrollable nature of both local and systemic infection, further emphasizing the need for early diagnosis. Postoperative fasciitis is potentially preventable by strict adherence to the principles for management of contaminated procedures. PMID- 7123496 TI - Management of the intermediate severity duodenal injury. AB - The management of intermediate severity duodenal injuries remains a controversial issue. This report details our experience with 34 patients who underwent operations for duodenal trauma in the past 3 years. Seventy-two percent had penetrating injuries. Seven patients (28%) were managed with by duodenorrhaphy and Penrose drainage, nine (36%) with duodenal diversion (pyloric exclusion with gastrojejunostomy), two (8%) with resection and anastomosis, and one (4%) with pancreaticoduodenectomy. A comparison with a previous report from our institution. in 1978 discloses (1) more severe injuries in the current series, (2) more frequent use of duodenal diversion with a corresponding decreased use of tube decompression, (3) increased nutritional support, and (4) fewer complications. Based on this experience we advocate the use of duodenal diversion and needle catheter jejunostomy for intermediate severity duodenal wounds. PMID- 7123498 TI - Postoperative depression of host resistance: determinants and effect of peripheral protein-sparing therapy. PMID- 7123499 TI - Medical school admissions at the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston. PMID- 7123500 TI - Ischemic necrosis and elastic net bandages. PMID- 7123501 TI - Case report: large endometrioma in pregnancy. PMID- 7123502 TI - A method for estimating rates of nucleotide substitution using DNA sequence data. PMID- 7123503 TI - [Platelet and granulocyte transfusions in clinical medicine ]. PMID- 7123504 TI - [Plasma exchange in glomerulonephritis ]. PMID- 7123505 TI - [Purification characteristics of new membranes and their implications for the nephrologist]. PMID- 7123507 TI - [Therapeutic apheresis in dermatological disease ]. PMID- 7123506 TI - [Indications for plasmapheresis in myasthenia gravis ]. PMID- 7123508 TI - [Plasmapheresis in normal donors ]. PMID- 7123509 TI - [Risks and complications of therapeutic plasmapheresis]. PMID- 7123510 TI - [Replacement fluids in therapeutic plasma exchange ]. PMID- 7123511 TI - Plasma antithrombins during heparin therapy. PMID- 7123512 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of two distinct types of antithrombin III from rabbit. AB - Heparin-Sepharose chromatography of rabbit plasma or serum yields two fractions of free antithrombin III (AT). The first of these elutes at a lower salt concentration, represents about 90% of the AT in plasma, and has an approximately 2000 dalton higher molecular weight by SDS polyacrylamide electrophoresis. An antibody to the lower affinity species reacts with the second form. The higher affinity AT is not formed from the lower affinity type during blood coagulation as demonstrated by approximately equal levels in plasma and serum, and lack of conversion of 125I-labelled lower affinity AT to the higher affinity form during blood coagulation. Heparin cofactor and progressive AT activities of the two forms are essentially identical when assayed by chromogenic substrates. The forms are separable by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. PMID- 7123513 TI - Purification and partial primary structure of cyanogen bromide fragments from human alpha 2-antiplasmin. AB - Human alpha 2-antiplasmin was digested with CNBr and the partial NH2-terminal amino acid sequences of nine purified fragments were determined. One of these sequences (12 residues) revealed homologies with that of residues 158 to 168 and with that of residues 316-327 in the antithrombin III sequence and with the corresponding sequences in alpha 1-antitrypsin and ovalbumin. One CNBr-fragment of 69 residues with blocked NH2-terminus was subdigested with trypsin and chymotrypsin and most of its sequence aligned. This peptide probably represents the major part of the previously reported COOH-terminal fragment of alpha 2 antiplasmin with Mr 8,000 (1). In this sequence no clear homology with antithrombin III, alpha 1-antitrypsin or ovalbumin could be detected. PMID- 7123514 TI - Dosage frequency for suppression of platelet function by low dose aspirin therapy. AB - A study of platelet aggregation and MDA production after an oral dose of 300 mg aspirin indicated that partial recovery of platelet function occurred when approximately one third of the circulating platelets had been replaced by new (uninhibited) platelets. In vitro studies on mixtures of normal and aspirin inhibited platelets indicated partial restoration of platelet aggregation and thromboxane B2 production with as little as 10% of normal platelets in some subjects. Restoration of full function required a higher proportion of normal platelets. There was considerable variation between subjects. These data suggest that complete suppression of platelet functions in all normal subjects requires daily administration of the drug. PMID- 7123515 TI - [Epilepsy in the mentally retarded. A situation analysis of mentally retarded patients at Helsevern]. PMID- 7123516 TI - [Simple improvement in the treatment of epilepsy in an institution for the mentally retarded]. PMID- 7123517 TI - [Syncope - brief loss of consciousness. A retrospective study]. PMID- 7123519 TI - Care and control in immigrant Pakistani pregnancy. Experience from Ulleval Hospital in Oslo. PMID- 7123518 TI - [Somatic diseases simulating psychiatric diseases]. PMID- 7123521 TI - [Monitoring of the symphysis-to-fundus distance in pregnancy control]. PMID- 7123520 TI - [Gardnerella vaginalis. A common cause of leukorrhea and colpitis?]. PMID- 7123522 TI - [Use and benefit of hearing aids for adult patients]. PMID- 7123523 TI - [Hearing sensations elicited by electrical stimulation in deaf persons]. PMID- 7123524 TI - [Pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis from a cell-biology viewpoint]. PMID- 7123525 TI - [Team work at the Scotland course 1980]. PMID- 7123526 TI - [Ultrasound-guided percutaneous drainage of liver abscesses]. PMID- 7123527 TI - [What decides the use of acute hospital beds - demand or supply? An analysis of the supply and demand of acute hospital beds in the surgical and medical departments in Ostfold]. PMID- 7123528 TI - [Puncture cytology in the diagnosis of breast cancer]. PMID- 7123529 TI - [Cryptosporidium in veal calves affected with cachexia]. AB - Coccidia of the genus Cryptosporidium were detected in histological sections of the small intestine of three veal calves. Autopsy was performed on these calves as part of a study of the aetiology of the syndrome "cachexia" in veal calves. In addition, typical 4 mu cryptosporidium oocysts were observed in the bowel contents of one of two histologically positive calves examined and seven out of eight other cachectic calves in which coccidia had not been detected on histological examination. The changes of the mucosa of the small intestine observed are described and the possible role of cryptosporidiosis in the pathogenesis of these lesions is discussed. PMID- 7123530 TI - [Cryptosporidium: a "new" factor in the aetiology of neonatal diarrhoea in calves]. AB - In recent years, Cryptosporidium, a coccidian parasite of the intestine, has been associated with neonatal diarrhoea in calves. Current knowledge of the organism with regard to classification, host-specificity, life cycle, pathology, incidence, clinical treatment, prevention and diagnosis is reviewed in the present paper. In addition, Cryptosporidium infection in calves in the Netherlands is reported for the first time. The typical 4 micrometer oocysts were observed on microscopic examination of te faeces of a three-week-old calf with severe diarrhoea and in the faeces of three other clinical normal calves of the same group. Tests performed simultaneously for the presence of rotaviruses, bovine coronaviruses or K99-positive E. coli were negative. Histological and electron-microscopic studies of the intestines of orally inoculated baby mice served to verify the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis. PMID- 7123531 TI - [A simple purchase management system in veterinary practice]. PMID- 7123532 TI - [A special case of non-progressing labor in the cow]. PMID- 7123533 TI - [A child with thanatophoric dwarfism]. PMID- 7123534 TI - [Campylobacter enteritis in 0-5-year-old children in the Eindhoven area - and epidemiological study]. AB - In the region Eindhoven 36 children with Campylobacter-enteritis were examined from I January 1980 to 31 December 1980. Symptoms were studied and stools were cultured over a four-month period. Abdominal pain and/or diarrhea occurred in more than 90% of patients and were not infrequently of longer duration. Bloody stools were found in 58% of patients and disappeared relatively early during the time of illness, as well as fever and vomiting. After one month Campylobacter could only be cultured in 5% of children; 14 household contacts, who proved to have Campylobacter-enteritis, had also negative stool cultures after one month. Asymptomatic carriership was found in four cases among these household contracts. Campylobacter fetus subspecies jejuni could not be isolated in stools of a number of asymptomatic individuals, working in the meat industry, who were considered to have a higher risk of infection. This group could therefore not be determined as an endogenous human reservoir. On the other hand Campylobacter was isolated in a few domestic animals without symptoms of illness, as well as in some cattle stables and sites. In these places, where several contaminated animals are together, significant reservoirs for human infection may be present. PMID- 7123535 TI - [Functional eye testing in the mentally retarded]. AB - Simple clinical testing procedures, devised by Sheridan, to test visual functions in young and/or handicapped children are discussed. Using these methods, combined with experience obtained in studying visuo-motor behaviour in cats, vision was tested in 30 severely mentally handicapped children. For 17 of these, it was unclear whether they possessed any usable visual functions. For 29 out of the 30 tested children it was possible to reach a reasonably confident conclusion regarding presence or absence of functional vision. Thirteen patients appeared to be functionally blind. In 17 children the size of the visual field could be determined; 7 showed normal, 10 restricted visual fields. In 6 children acuity could be measured. The importance of early detection of visual defects is discussed. PMID- 7123536 TI - [A newborn infant with the Bowen-Conradi syndrome; a fatal hereditary disorder]. PMID- 7123537 TI - [Growth in 0-6-year-old children in Marken]. PMID- 7123538 TI - Inhibitory effect of vitamin E on lipoperoxide formation in rat adrenal gland. AB - The tissue uptake of vitamin E administered to the rats was strikingly high in the adrenal glands, and microradioautographic studies showed that the vitamin was localized morphologically in the cells of fascicular and reticular zones of the adrenal cortex, where lipofuscin pigment appears with aging. On the other hand, it was confirmed that the TBA content in rat plasma and adrenal gland was elevated following whole-body 60Co irradiation as an aging model. It was also demonstrated that the TBA content in rat adrenal markedly increased in conditions of vitamin E deficiency with and without irradiation. PMID- 7123539 TI - Pyruvate decarboxylase deficiency in a patient with Leigh's encephalomyelopathy. AB - A 23-month-old boy with progressive muscular hypotonia and mental and motor deterioration was described. Four days after the admission he had a respiratory arrest and required the care in a respirator thereafter. Laboratory examinations showed metabolic acidosis and high levels of pyruvate, lactate and alanine in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Oral administration of thiamine-HCl and lipoic acid was noneffective and he died 7 months after the admission. Autopsy findings were compatible with subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy (Leigh's disease). The activity of pyruvate decarboxylase in autopsy samples was not detectable and that in fibroblasts was 9% of that in control cell lines. The present study confirmed that pyruvate decarboxylase deficiency is one of the causes of Leigh's disease. PMID- 7123541 TI - The strain-energy density function of the urinary bladder. AB - In previous articles we proposed a finite deformation theory of the urinary bladder. The present paper is the third article in a series of these works. Our aim is to study more carefully the strain-energy density function W of the urinary bladder, because the determination of this function W is one of the central problems in the finite deformation theory of a hyperelastic continuum. We found that, except for an infinitesimally small deformation region where Hook's law is valid, the third term in W of the Valanis-Landel type takes much smaller values than the other two terms, so that this term can be neglected. Hence, the formula giving the true stress t1 for the uniaxial extension test is reduced to the same one as the true stress t for the equal-biaxial extension test. This may be useful in practical applications. PMID- 7123540 TI - Lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in rat liver during development. AB - The concentration of lipid peroxidation was extensively high in rat fetuses and early newborns. However, it declined sharply thereafter. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was approximately 10% of the adult level during 5 days postpartum. The enzyme activity began to increase after the 10th day to 60% of the adult level at the 20th day. Catalase activity was low in the fetal period, corresponding to approximately 20% of the adult level, but increased rapidly after birth reaching approximately 50% of the adult level at 5-7 days postpartum. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was measured to amount to only 7% of the adult level in the fetal and early newborn period. The level of this activity was approximately 20% of the adult level at the 20th day. The difference in GSH-Px activity became wide between sexes after the first 30 days of life; the male adult level was 61% of the female adult level. The concentration of vitamin E was low in the fetus. It increased by a factor of 10 times within a few days after birth, and thereafter it decreased gradually. Fetal and early newborn livers have low enzymatic defense capabilities against possible deleterious effects of lipid peroxidation processes. PMID- 7123544 TI - A simple method for quantitative determination of high density lipoprotein 2- and 3-cholesterol concentrations by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. AB - A simple and rapid electrophoretic method was developed to determine quantitatively the cholesterol concentration in two main subfractions of high density lipoprotein, HDL2 and HDL3. A polyacrylamide gel on which prestained serum was fractionated was directly subjected to densitometry for cholesterol concentration. The result, in conjunction with the HDL-cholesterol concentration simultaneously determined by the heparin-Ca2+ method, enabled us to calculate the HDL2- and HDL3-cholesterol concentrations. These values correlated well with those determined by the ultracentrifugal method. Hence, the present method was considered useful for routine clinical application and to be superior to the ultracentrifugal method in subjects with a high level of Lp(a) lipoprotein. PMID- 7123543 TI - An interaction between human seminal acid phosphatase and Canavalia gladiata DC lectin. AB - Interactions between human seminal acid phosphatase (AcP) and five kinds of lectins were studied. Seminal plasma was mixed with the lectins at various ratios. The mixtures were centrifuged and the supernatants were assayed for AcP activity. The activity was effectively reduced only with Canavalia gladiata DC (CG) lectin. CG lectin purified by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration was added to two fractions of AcP separated by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. There was no difference in the rate of reduction of the two fractions. To isolate seminal AcP by affinity chromatography, CG lectin was coupled to agarose gel. AcP bound with the agarose gel could be eluted with alpha-methyl-D-mannoside. Specific activity of the purified AcP was elevated to as much as 54-fold. PMID- 7123542 TI - Plasma soluble fibrin monomer complexes in the development of diabetic retinopathy. AB - To elucidate the relationship between plasma soluble fibrin monomer complexes (SFMC) and retinal or vitreous hemorrhages, 11 diabetics were studied for 15 months. The levels of SFMC in 3 out of the 11 cases were elevated prior to hemorrhages and in the other 8 cases SFMC levels were elevated after hemorrhages. With regard to fibrinogen (Fbg) concentrations, there was no significant difference between the values before and after hemorrhages. The plasma glucose levels did not change significantly during the observation. It was concluded that the SFMC level was not only an indicator of the intracapillary generation of thrombin but an important factor affecting the development of diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 7123545 TI - Combination therapy of gastric carcinoma with radiation and chemotherapy. AB - The concurrent combination therapy of radiation and chemotherapy was performed in a total of 134 cases of stomach cancer. Radiation response of tumor was remarkable in 35 (37%) of 95 cases, irradiated more than 5,000 rad. Yearly survival rates in 81 cases, in which the scheduled curative treatment was completed, were 63% in one, 31% in two, 21% in three, 17% in four and 13% in five years. These rates were intimately correlated to tumor size and cancer type. However, this combination therapy accompanied some fatal complications in a few percent. From the results, it was concluded that this combination therapy should be valuable to prolong the life of patients high gastric cancer, and that the curable indications for this treatment should be T1-T3: M0 cases with radio responsive tumor. PMID- 7123546 TI - Urinary hydroxyproline excretion as a marker of bone metastasis in prostatic cancer. AB - In 25 patients with prostatic cancer and 26 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy, urinary hydroxyproline excretion as estimated by the method described by Cleary and Saunders. The patients were kept on a diet free of gelatin. Urinary creatinine was measured in all patients and serum acid phosphatase, prostatic acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and calcium were measured in patients with prostatic cancer. Urinary hydroxyproline excretion and the hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio were both elevated in patients who had prostate cancer with bone metastasis when compared to values in patients who had benign prostatic hypertrophy or prostatic cancer without bone metastasis. These two were more sensitive indicators of bone metastasis than serum acid phosphatase, prostatic acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and calcium. These results suggest that urinary hydroxyproline is a valuable index of bone metastasis in prostatic cancer. PMID- 7123547 TI - Laryngeal narrowing measured with low frequency sound. AB - We measured laryngeal resistance with 800 Hz sound in human subjects. 800 Hz sound was forced into the mouth and the intensities of sound above and below vocal cord were detected by two microphones on the anterior neck. Respiratory resistance (Rrs) was simultaneously measured by an oscillation method. When the subject voluntarily controlled the glottis aperture at functional residual capacity, the percent increase of difference of intensity of sound between two microphones (Y %) was curvilinearly proportional to the increase of Rrs (X) from the control state; Y = 20.8 X X 1.24. Since Rrs below the larynx was constant at a given lung volume, we could estimate the increase of laryngeal resistance from the control state by knowing the percent increase of difference of intensity of sound. The present method would be clinically applicable to measure Rrs independent from laryngeal artifact. PMID- 7123548 TI - The influence of sex, dose, time, and cross on neoplasia in mice given benzidine dihydrochloride. PMID- 7123549 TI - The inhalation toxicity of phenylglycidyl ether: reproduction, mutagenic, teratogenic, and cytogenic studies. PMID- 7123550 TI - Distribution, elimination, and test for carcinogenicity of 2,4-dinitrotoluene in strain A mice. PMID- 7123552 TI - Presystemic elimination of manganese in rats. PMID- 7123551 TI - Oxygen-induced lung toxicity: effect on serotonin disposition and metabolism. PMID- 7123553 TI - Effect of phenobarbital on cephaloridine toxicity and accumulation in rabbit and rat kidneys. PMID- 7123555 TI - Teratogenicity and lethality of hydantoin derivatives in the mouse: structure- toxicity relationships. PMID- 7123554 TI - Toxicological aspects of feprazone, a new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. PMID- 7123556 TI - Degenerative changes in skeletal muscle of hens with tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate induced delayed neurotoxicity: altered acetylcholinesterase molecular forms and increased plasma creatine phosphokinase activity. PMID- 7123558 TI - Microanalysis of ozone depression of motor activity. PMID- 7123559 TI - Behavior and characterization of blood carbon disulfide in rats after inhalation. PMID- 7123557 TI - Disposition of 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine in the rat. PMID- 7123560 TI - Dosimetry and cardiopulmonary function in rats chronically exposed to cigarette smoke. PMID- 7123561 TI - Indole-3-carbinol and indole-3-acetonitrile influence on hepatic microsomal metabolism. PMID- 7123562 TI - Models for the pharmacokinetics of vinyl chloride. PMID- 7123563 TI - Is delayed neurotoxicity a property of all organophosphorus compounds? A study with a model compound: parathion. AB - A recently reported hypothesis of other investigators that the induction of delayed neurotoxicity is a property of all organophosphorus compounds including parathion was evaluated in light of the inability of parathion to induce in our laboratory any clinical, histological, or biochemical signs of delayed neurotoxicity in hens following a very intensive dosing regimen. Parathion was administered orally or applied dermally as 1 mg/kg/day for 1 week and then the dose was increased by 1 mg/kg/day at weekly intervals up to 6 mg/kg/day which was given thereafter until a total of 90 doses. Results indicate that parathion either orally or dermally did not produce delayed neurotoxicity in hens comparable to that induced by tri-orthocresyl phosphate (TOCP) in this experiment. This finding is supported by clinical, histological, and biochemical evidences. No clinical signs or histopathological changes in spinal cords and sciatic nerves of the type associated with delayed neurotoxicity were observed in any of the surviving parathion-treated hens. Moreover, this extensive treatment with parathion resulted in no significant in vivo effect on neurotoxic esterase, an esterase believed to be the initial target in the genesis of delayed neurotoxicity. These results agree with the general hypothesis that delayed neurotoxicity is a special toxic effect of some but not all of the organophosphorus esters. PMID- 7123565 TI - Ultrastructure of the thyroid glands of rats fed photomirex: an 18-month recovery study. AB - The thyroid glands, from rats which had received photomirex (0.05, 0.5, 5 or 50 ppm) or mirex (5 or 50 ppm) in their diets for 28 days and maintained for 18 months on clean diet, were examined by electron microscopy. A dose of 0.05-5 ppm photomirex resulted in an augmentation of principal follicular cell heights. Their cytoplasm exhibited a marked numerical increase of secondary lysosomes. In addition, at 5 ppm, follicular cells in some segments of the gland contained only a few secondary lysosomes. After dietary exposure to 50 ppm photomirex the number of lysosomal elements remained elevated in epithelial cell cytoplasm. Morphological aberrations in the follicles could not be detected after the 5 ppm mirex treatment. The most remarkable alterations in this experiment occurred in the thyroid glands of animals ingesting 50 ppm mirex where columnar follicular cells were engorged with deformed lysosomal bodies. Remaining components of the follicular cell architecture in all the treated groups were unaffected and were similar to those in the control group. These results demonstrated that following a 28-day dietary exposure of rats to photomirex (0.05-50 ppm) or mirex (50 ppm), alterations in the thyroid glands persisted for at least 18 months. PMID- 7123564 TI - Inhalation toxicity of acetaldehyde in rats. I. Acute and subacute studies. AB - The 4-h LC50 of acetaldehyde in rats was determined and found to be 13,300 ppm (24.0 g/m3 air). In a 4-week study groups of 10 male and 10 female rats were exposed to 0, 400, 1000, 2200 or 5000 ppm acetaldehyde for 6 h/day, 5 days/week. Treatment-related changes observed at the 5000 ppm level included dyspnoea and excitation during the first 30 min of each exposure, yellow-brown fur, severe growth retardation, more neutrophils and less lymphocytes in the blood, a reduced production of urine with a high density, increased lung weights, and severe degenerative, hyperplastic and metaplastic changes of the nasal, laryngeal and tracheal epithelium. Major lesions seen at 1000 and 2200 ppm comprised growth retardation and an increased production of urine in males, slight to moderate degeneration with or without hyper- and metaplasia of the nasal epithelium, and only at 2200 ppm, minimal epithelial changes in the larynx and trachea. The only change observed at the 400 ppm level that could be attributed to acetaldehyde was slight degeneration of the nasal olfactory epithelium seen as loss of microvilli and thinning and disarrangement of the layer of epithelial cells. PMID- 7123566 TI - Certain biochemical responses in the air-breathing catfish Clarias batrachus exposed to sublethal carbofuran. AB - Biochemical changes in the air-breathing catfish, Clarias batrachus (Linn.) exposed to a sublethal level of carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7 benzofuranyl methylcarbamate) at 0.5 ppm concentration in ambient water for a period of 30 days were assessed. A small reduction in growth rate was observed in the fish treated with 0.5 ppm carbofuran for 60 days although no mortality or any apparent symptom of toxicity could be noted. Studies were carried out on the activities of certain enzymes of intermediary metabolism viz., glucose 6 phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, Na+, K+-ATPase, GOT and GPT in certain vital tissues of the fish exposed to carbofuran (0.5 ppm) for 30 days. Exposure to carbofuran resulted in sharp inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity in brain of the fish which recovered rather rapidly after terminating pesticide treatment and maintaining the fish in clean freshwater. Ratio of the levels of calcium/phosphorus in serum showed significant diminution in experimental groups of fish compared to controls. Level of ammonia in serum of experimental fish was markedly increased while excretion of ammonia by fish showed concomitant decrease. The bioaccumulation level of the pesticide and its degraded product, 3-hydroxy-carbofuran in liver tissue was measured by gas chromatography. A rationale of the effect of carbofuran on metabolism vis-a-vis toxicity in the fish has been suggested. PMID- 7123568 TI - Whole-body autoradiography of 204Tl in embryos, fetuses and placentas of mice. AB - Whole-body autoradiography was used to study thallium uptake and retention in mice during gestation. Fifteen minutes after an intraperitoneal injection of 50 microCi 204Tl2SO4 into a 15-day pregnant mouse, thallium could be seen within the fetuses. Maximum fetal accumulation occurred 2-4 h after injection, and minimum at the last observation 4 days after injection. The fetal concentration of 204Tl was constantly lower than the placental. Uptake of 204Tl in embryos, fetuses and placentas of mice with gestation ages varying from 5 days to 16 days indicated that thallium crosses the placental barriers throughout gestation. Thallium was retained by the visceral yolk sac placenta during early gestation, by the visceral yolk sac, chorioallantoic placenta and amnion during late gestation. Over a period of time placental transfer and embryonic/fetal retention of small amounts of thallium may be hazardous to the offspring due to the high cumulative toxicity of this metal. PMID- 7123569 TI - The spectrum of alcoholic liver disease. PMID- 7123567 TI - Induction of benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase in skin and liver by cutaneous application of jute batching oil. AB - Skin painting with 30 microliter of jute batching oil (JBO) for 8 days resulted in increased gross liver weight, microsomal protein content and benzo[alpha]pyrene hydroxylase activity of liver. Skin benzo[alpha]pyrene hydroxylase activity at the treated site increased by 10-fold. An investigation of cytochrome pigment status in liver and skin of treated animals showed a specific increase in P-448 level in both tissues. Single skin applications of JBO elevated the level of skin and liver benzo[alpha]pyrene hydroxylase activity to its maximum after 1 day and 2 days, respectively, which, in absence of further treatment with mineral oil, declined gradually to normal levels in due course. The results suggest that single or multiple cutaneous exposure(s) with JBO can increase carcinogen metabolising status of skin and liver which may be one of the causative factors for the tumorigenic effects of JBO in skin. PMID- 7123570 TI - Effects of vitamin A and cortisone on healing of corneal superficial wounds. PMID- 7123571 TI - Effects of vitamin A and cortisone on healing of corneal penetrating wounds. AB - The effect of the administration of vitamin A drops on neutralizing the inhibitory role of cortisone in penetrating corneal wound healing was studied on 24 albino rabbits (48 eyes). The rate of healing of the wound was determined by the fluorescein strain technique and the tensile strength of the affected cornea was determined on the 11th day after the wound was made. It was observed that in the group of eyes in which only cortisone in any form was administered, not only was the rate of healing delayed (with statistical significance) but there was also a statistically significant lowering of the tensile strength of the wound. However, in the eyes in which vitamin A was also administered simultaneously with cortisone, the rate of healing of the wound was enhanced and there was also a statistically significant increase in the tensile strength of wound. Therefore in this study it was confirmed that by simultaneous use of vitamin A drops, the inhibitory role of cortisone is neutralized even in penetrating corneal wounds. PMID- 7123572 TI - Brain metastasis of renal adenocarcinoma. AB - Among 1,828 autopsy cases of adenocarcinoma reviewed, 177 cases (9.7%) were found to have brain metastasis, and their autopsy records were analyzed to investigate the mode of dissemination of the cancer to the brain. Brain metastases were most frequent in the age group of 50-59 years but showed no significant difference in incidence between sexes or location (right or left) of the primary lesion. The cases with brain metastases had greater frequencies of metastases in the lungs, heart, thyroid and skull than cases without brain metastases. Lung metastasis was most frequent in cases with two-organ metastases, and lung metastasis with involvement of the hilar lymph nodes in cases with three-organ metastases. Metastasis to the brain was significantly more frequent in nephrectomized cases than in non-nephrectomized cases. Metastases to the contralateral kidney and peritoneum were significantly more frequent in nephrectomized cases with brain metastasis. Possible routes of dissemination of the cancer to the brain are discussed. PMID- 7123573 TI - Distant metastasis of urothelial tumors of the renal pelvis and ureter. AB - Autopsy reports on urothelial tumors of the renal pelvis and ureter in 602 cases were analyzed to investigate the mode of metastasis. Seventy one cases, or 12%, showed no metastasis. Metastasis-free cases occurred with significantly high frequencies in cases of tumors of the ureter and papillomatosis, and less frequently in squamous cell carcinoma cases and in females. Lymph nodes were the most frequent site of dissemination, especially the retroperitoneal and para aortic lymph nodes. Metastases to the lungs, peritoneum and ipsilateral adrenal were significantly more frequent in cases of tumors of the renal pelvis than in those of tumors of the ureter. Metastases to the retroperitoneal lymph nodes and peritoneum were frequent in cases with metastasis to one organ. Radical nephrectomy with regional lymphadenectomy and/or radiation therapy is indicated for tumors of the renal pelvis. Palliative surgery or nephroureterectomy with a cuff of bladder wall is indicated for tumors of the ureter or papillomatosis, and radical nephroureterectomy with regional lymphadenectomy and/or radiation therapy in cases where a pronounced tendency of down-growth invasion is suspected. PMID- 7123574 TI - Metastasis of renal sarcoma. AB - Data from 27 autopsy cases of renal sarcoma were investigated concerning the mode of metastases. The incidence was 1% in 2,651 cases of new growths of the kidney. Histologically nine were leiomyosarcoma, and five each were rhabdomyosarcoma and fibrosarcoma. The lungs, lymph nodes and liver were the most frequent sites of metastases. No significant differences in metastatic sites were noted among the histological types. Two cases or 7% had no metastasis and this percentage is comparable to that for other new growths of the kidney. PMID- 7123575 TI - Evaluation of aminophylline suppositories prepared in a hospital pharmacy. AB - Physical and chemical stability of suppositories containing aminophylline and various bases prepared in our hospital pharmacy was investigated. Ethylenediamine in aminophylline decreased, the melting points of the suppositories rose, and the disintegration and liquefaction times were prolonged in suppositories with Witepsol base when stored at room temperature. Thin-layer chromatography produced evidence supporting the assumption that ethylenediamine may react with Witepsol constituents to form an acid amide linkage. However, the suppositories were stable at lower temperatures. Suppositories prepared with PEG base were found to be satisfactorily stable at room temperature. PMID- 7123576 TI - Changes in plasma lipoprotein levels during medication with a glucoside-hydrolase inhibitor (acarbose). PMID- 7123577 TI - A specimen holder to enable larger tissue samples to be processed automatically to resin on the Sakura electron microscope processor (Model REM-20B). PMID- 7123578 TI - Silicone additive facilitates epoxy plastic sectioning. PMID- 7123579 TI - A rapid field technique for preparing ant chromosomes for karyotypic analysis. PMID- 7123580 TI - [Combined surgical/radiological therapy of carcinomas of the anal canal and the peri-anal skin ]. PMID- 7123581 TI - [Results of radiotherapy in case of Hodgkin's disease after primary failure of chemotherapy and recurrence after chemotherapy ]. AB - Until now, the possibility of radiotherapeutic treatment after a failure of chemotherapy has not been systematically investigated. Eight cases with primary failure of chemotherapy or recurrence after chemotherapy could be evaluated. The patients were submitted to curative irradiation; six of them achieved a total remission, four had recurrences. Thus two patients remain to give an example that radiotherapy can bring about long-term total remissions after primary failure of chemotherapy or recurrence after chemotherapy. When the data were evaluated, the total remission times of the two patients were 12 and 18 months, respectively. The toxicity of radiotherapy was justifiable. It was increased especially in regions that had already been irradiated or if a ABVD therapy was applied a short time before or after the radiotherapy. There are only few communications in literature about the success of a radiotherapy after failure of chemotherapy. Most of the patients mentioned had "remissions" (total/partial remissions?). In most of the cases, there are no indications about the further development. On the whole, the data show that there may be some special indications for radiotherapy in case of a failure of chemotherapy. PMID- 7123582 TI - [Spermatogenesis after fractionated, low-dose irradiation of the gonads ]. AB - 58 patients (50 retrospectively, 8 prospectively) who received post-operative radiotherapy for seminoma, constitute the patient population with which the tolerance dosage for spermatogenesis following low-dose fractionated radiation of the gonads was determined. Field arrangement and caudal field limit were the parameters which determined the amount of the dose to the gonads. Total doses of less than 100cGy, with daily doses of 3 to 5 cGy, permit a complete recovery of spermatogenesis within 14 to 22 months. The occurrence of an azoospermia can be expected 3 to 5 months after initiation of irradiation, lasting for 5 to 6 months. Doses of more than 100 to 150 cGy permit only partial recovery of spermatogenesis and doses of more than 150 cGy can lead to permanent azoospermia. In the absence of evidence of mobile spermatozoa in the ejaculate more than 2 years after radiotherapy, no repopulation of the seminiferous tubules can be expected. After receiving ionizing radiation, the stem cells of the spermatogonia have only a very limited capability for repair, regeneration and compensation. This is the reason for the very high sensitivity of the spermatogenesis to low dose fractionated radiation of the male gonads. PMID- 7123583 TI - [First clinical experiences with the linear electron accelerator Therac 20 Saturne. 2. Dosimetry and electron scattering]. PMID- 7123584 TI - [Improvement of the dose distribution of the X-ray therapy unit RT 305 ]. PMID- 7123585 TI - SI units: use of air kerma for the replacement of exposure and associated quantities in radiological dosimetry. PMID- 7123586 TI - Dipeptidase activity in the small intestine after irradiation at different times of the day. AB - The behaviour of leucinaminopeptidase, an intestinal epithelium brush border enzyme, was investigated to find out whether the same irradiation does administered at different times of the day would induce differentiated modifications. Three activity phases were evidenced: increase, reduction during acute damage, and recovery. The results showed that the general behaviour in the four irradiated groups was similar, although some differences were observed mostly regarding the outset of the initial increase and the recovery. The time of irradiation affects the behaviour of the enzyme activities which show circadian oscillations. The results seem to show a quicker tendency to a return to normal values in the group irradiated at the end of the darkness period. PMID- 7123587 TI - Prognostic significance of severity of carotid atheroma in early manifestations of cerebrovascular disease. AB - Two hundred and fifteen patients with transient ischaemic attacks, reversible ischaemic neurological deficit, or completed stroke were studied angiographically. The appearances of the carotid bifurcation were classified as normal, irregular, stenosed or occluded and the possible prognostic significance of the angiographic categories sought in a follow up study. Over a mean follow up period of 4.1 years 12% of patients were found to have died, and 10% had had a stroke. Fourteen percent had TIAs and 5.1% had sustained a myocardial infarction. Mortality and stroke risk were greatest with carotid occlusion which was least often followed by TIAs. Strokes, but not TIAs, were less frequent in the presence of normal angiograms. PMID- 7123588 TI - Mortality from ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease in Israel 1969 1978. AB - Age standardized mortality data from Ischemic heart disease (IHD) and Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) for the population of Israel were analyzed for the years 1969 to 1978. There has been a clear fall in mortality from both diseases over this period that has been more pronounced in relation to CVD. The mortality from IHD is considerably higher in the total population and in each of the ethnic groups except for those born in North Africa, in whom the difference is small. The mortality in males from IHD is higher than that for females but the reverse is the situation in relation to CVD. PMID- 7123589 TI - Secular trends in mortality for cerebrovascular diseases in Japan, 1960 to 1979. AB - In Japan the age-adjusted death rate from cerebrovascular diseases has decreased for both males and females since 1965. This downward trend accelerated in 1971. This is not due to artifacts such as changes in diagnostic methods of stroke and in rules for coding cause of death on death certificates. The progress and spread of detection, treatment and control of hypertension appears to have been the greatest contributing factor. Furthermore, improvement in the dietary habits, that is, a decrease in salt intake and an appropriate increase in the amount of animal fat and protein taken are also considered to have contributed to the decline in stroke mortality. The regional difference in the standardized mortality ratio for stroke markedly observed in 1960 was still seen even in the 1970's, but the difference became smaller. Mechanization of farming works may be partly accountable for the decrease in the regional difference. PMID- 7123590 TI - Diverging trends in cerebrovascular disease and ischaemic heart disease mortality. AB - The trends in age adjusted and age and sex specific mortality rates for the period 1968-1980 are compared for ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. For both sexes and at all ages over 45 the mortality rates for cerebrovascular disease have fallen significantly. However, the mortality rates for ischaemic heart disease are rising significantly for males aged 55-64 and females aged 45-64. The divergence in trend is particularly noticeable for females aged 45-64. Possible hypotheses are discussed explaining this divergence in trend between two cardiovascular diseases of assumed similar aetiology. PMID- 7123591 TI - Experimental cerebral vasospasm arterial wall mechanics and connective tissue composition. AB - The elastic properties of the basilar artery were studied in control and treated dogs in which 3 ml of blood was injected intracisternally. Vascular specimens were resected transclivally as cylindrical segments and their external diameters were measured in vitro in the pressure range from 0 mm Hg to 250 mm Hg in the active condition of smooth muscle in Krebs-Ringer solution and in the passive condition in saline solution. The development of cerebral vasospasm was confirmed comparing the diameter difference between these two conditions. The experimental data indicated that vasospasm was most prominent on the 7th day after the treatment of blood injection. In the passive condition no significant dimensional change (i.e. radius and wall thickness) was observed between the control and the treated arteries at various pressure levels. These results imply that the luminal narrowing under vasospasm is not attributable to an irreversible organic change in the wall but to the constriction of vascular smooth muscle. The treated arteries are more distensible and have lower elastic moduli than the control arteries, possibly due to a change in the content of their connective tissues. These changes of the passive elastic properties of arterial walls after blood injection might be one of the factors affecting the development of cerebral vasospasm. PMID- 7123592 TI - A primate model of chronic cerebral vasospasm. AB - Fourteen experiments have been completed to develop an improved primate model of chronic cerebral vasospasm. Results show that by placing a 0.4 mm needle through the intracranial internal carotid artery and percutaneously removing it the following day, cerebral vasospasm is regularly present five days later. There has been no mortality. The results of two monkeys followed with serial angiograms suggest that spasm first appears four days following the subarachnoid hemorrhage and lasts at least eleven days. The results of all experiments show that the most affected vessel in each experiment is reduced to 62% of control diameters. Vasospasm involves cerebral arteries both ipsilateral and contralateral to the site of hemorrhage and extends to the most distal vessels which can be measured. Finally, a neurological defect has been regularly demonstrated on the side contralateral to the site of hemorrhage. PMID- 7123593 TI - Reperfusion of focal ischemia of varying duration: postischemic hyper- and hypo perfusion. AB - Reperfusion into focal ischemia was studied in 25 cats after middle cerebral artery (mca) occlusion of 15 min to 2 hours duration. Changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) were followed with the hydrogen clearance method in the center and periphery of the ischemic lesion expected. Postischemic hyperperfusion was found often after 15 and 30 min ischemia and regularly after 60 min mca occlusion. It was followed by normal flow after 15 and 30 min occlusion and by postischemic hypoperfusion after 1 hour ischemia. After 2 hours occlusion hypoperfusion generally was not preceded by hyperperfusion. After 60 min ischemia hyperperfusion could not prevent the development of severe hypoperfusion, but often was accompanied by a marked flow reduction in the periphery of the mca territory. The data indicate that hyperperfusion after ischemic periods lasting 60 min and more induces hypoperfusion in the area itself and in neighbouring regions by affecting perfusion pressure and thereby may enlarge ischemic damage. PMID- 7123594 TI - Pentobarbital protection from cerebral infarction without suppression of edema. AB - We studied the mechanism of barbiturate protection from focal cerebral infarction in cats by examining in detail edema formation 72 hours after acute, permanent occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery (LMCA). Neurological function, gas exchange, vital signs, and intracranial pressure (ICP) were observed during the post-occlusion period, and infarct size and cerebral edema were measured after sacrifice. Infarct size was reduced only when pentobarbital was given before occlusion and continued for 24 hours. Edema formation was not suppressed even though the extent of infarction was. Clinical evidence of stroke developed and ICP rose in most cats after occlusion despite the presence of pentobarbital sufficient to reduce infarct size. Elevated ICP accounted for most premature deaths despite intensive cardiopulmonary support. Water and electrolyte changes in the ischemic hemisphere continued to develop throughout the 72 hour post occlusion period in pentobarbital-treated cats, suggesting that resolution of edema was delayed by the drug. We conclude that pentobarbital reduces infarct size and attenuates the expected time course of ischemic edema in cats, but that the drug has little effect on the severity of edema that develops after arterial occlusion. PMID- 7123595 TI - Epidemiology of stroke in Tilburg, the Netherlands. The population-based stroke incidence register: 2. Incidence, initial clinical picture and medical care, and three-week case fatality. AB - The results of a prospective population study of stroke in Tilburg are reported. The average annual over-all incidence (per 100,000 population) for the period October 1, 1978-September 30, 1980 was 174 for total cases, 145 for first-ever cases. Males and older persons were at greater risk for a stroke. The vast majority of strokes were thrombo-embolic infarctions. Hemiplegia was the predominant neurological deficit resulting from an insult. Patients with speech problems, as opposed to those without, demonstrated more extreme motor deficit when such occurred. Seventy-four per cent of stroke cases had hypertensive blood pressure readings shortly after onset. Most patients were under hospital care during the initial phase of their attacks. The presence of such handling was related to specific patient characteristics. Three-week stroke case fatality was 30% for all patients registered, and varied significantly by age, sex and diagnostic type. PMID- 7123596 TI - Post-stroke depressive disorders: a follow-up study of 103 patients. AB - One hundred three patients attending a stroke clinic were evaluated for post stroke depressive disorders using repeated quantitative assessment of psychopathology during a 12 month period. Almost one-third of these patients were depressed at the time of the initial assessment and two-thirds of these depressed patients who were re-evaluated remained depressed for 7 to 8 months. The prevalence and severity of depressive disorders was significantly elevated in those patients who were between 6 months and 2 years post-stroke. Demographic variables however did not distinguish depressed and non-depressed patients, nor did type of neurological symptoms, degree of impairment in activities of daily living or global cognitive impairment. However, patients with left hemisphere brain injury were significantly more depressed than patients with right hemisphere or brain stem infarctions. Based on this work and previous studies, we have suggested a profile for patients who are at high risk for developing post stroke depressive disorders: patients with left hemisphere frontal lobe infarctions who are within 2 years of the stroke. In spite of the fact that these depressions were clinically significant, none of the patients were presently receiving treatment. Effective treatment methods for these patients need to be developed. PMID- 7123597 TI - Predicting functional outcome following acute stroke using a standard clinical examination. AB - In a series of 149 patients admitted to a stroke unit, the outcome of the acute phase of stroke rehabilitation, assessed by the patients' return to independence, was found to be related to the results of standardized weekly clinical examinations of mental, motor, sensory and communication function. The prediction of subsequent independence was estimated just as accurately using the results from three of these tests (upper limb motor function, postural function and proprioception) as when using the entire set of tests. A group of patients with little chance of responding to rehabilitation was identified. PMID- 7123598 TI - Predicting the stroke patient's ability to live independently. AB - The objective of this paper is to identify those variables that best predict a stroke patient's ability to live independently following his/her discharge from medical rehabilitation. The paper draws heavily on a formal research model grounded in independent living (IL) theory. Independent living is defined and operationalized as (1) the patient's ability to live in a nonrestrictive environment and (2) the patient's ability to live productively--not only in terms of gainful employment but also in terms of other contributions to community and family life. The main data source for the study is an extensive computer file of 84 stroke patients discharged from 8 medical rehabilitation centers. The multivariate statistical analysis indicates that 56 to 80 percent of the variance in a patient's ability to live independently can be explained or predicted mainly by the patient's marital status, age, Barthel score, communication impairments, and the ability to get into a motor vehicle. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of the findings for medical rehabilitation and public policy. PMID- 7123599 TI - Interpretation of results of compression ophthalmodynamometry. PMID- 7123600 TI - Problems of carotid Doppler scanning which can be overcome by using frequency analysis. AB - The value of the concomittant use of a real time frequency analyzer along with a continuous wave carotid Doppler scanner is demonstrated in this study of 118 cases. With a colour-coded Doppler scanner alone, internal carotid stenoses greater than 35% were diagnosed with a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 82%. With the addition of frequency analysis certain inherent problems with Doppler scanning were overcome and with the measurement of the peak Doppler frequency, the specificity was improved to 93%. PMID- 7123601 TI - Carotid physiology with ocular pneumoplethysmography. PMID- 7123602 TI - Effect of the extra-intracranial (STA-MCA) arterial anastomosis on EEG and cerebral blood flow: a controlled study of patients with unilateral cerebral ischemia. PMID- 7123605 TI - Evaluation of brainstem stroke using brainstem auditory evoked responses. AB - Brainstem stroke syndromes are primarily determined by clinical criteria. There are few diagnostic procedures which are of benefit for the evaluation of brainstem ischemic events. Brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAERs) are a new electrophysiologic technique for assessing brainstem function. To evaluate the use of BAERs in patients with brainstem ischemic events, 35 individuals with recent brainstem strokes, selected by strict clinical criteria, were evaluated with BAERs. The initial BAER was abnormal in 22 of 35 patients (63%). When the clinical course and site of the lesion are correlated with the BAER results, several trends emerge. An unstable course, characterized by progression or remission and relapse, was present in 19/35 (54%) of patients, and 15/19 (79%) of these individuals had an initially abnormal BAER. The other 16 brainstem stroke patients with a stable clinical course had an initially abnormal BAER in 7 instances (44%). This difference is statistically significant at the p = 0.04 level. The principal sites of ischemia were mesencephalic in 11/35, pontine in 13/35, and medullary in 11/35. The association of an abnormal BAER with an unstable clinical course seemed independent of the site of the lesion, However, of the 9 deaths that occurred, all were in patients with mesencephalic or pontine lesions, and 8 of these individuals had an initially abnormal BAER. Abnormal BAERs in patients with brainstem ischemic lesions correlate with an unstable clinical course. Furthermore, individuals with pontomesencephalic infarction and abnormal BAERs have an especially poor prognosis. The BAER may be of prognostic value in the early evaluation of patients with brainstem ischemic strokes. PMID- 7123606 TI - Fusiform basilar aneurysm as a cause of embolic stroke. AB - Giant fusiform basilar aneurysms (dolicho-ectatic basilar anomalies) are rare and have not previously been reported to cause embolic infarction in territory distal to the aneurysm. They most commonly present as posterior fossa mass lesions with brainstem compression and cranial neuropathies. Originally considered atherosclerotic in etiology, recent authors feel that they may represent a unique arteriopathy characterized by loss of elastin in the vessel wall. We report a case which presented solely as an occipital lobe infarction. To our knowledge, this is the first case in which a fusiform basilar aneurysm presented with an embolic infarction as its only manifestation. PMID- 7123607 TI - Hypertensive encephalopathy. PMID- 7123603 TI - Mathematical simulation of cerebral blood flow in focal ischemia. AB - A computer model was developed to describe regional cerebral blood flow and tissue oxygenation with autoregulation during focal ischemia produced by occlusion of th middle cerebral artery (MCA). This steady state model described the distribution of blood flow in the cerebral arterial system including the circle of Willis as well as the pial arterial anastomoses, and included a simplified form of autoregulation based on the local control of pressure and flow in the pial and intracerebral arteries, respectively. Preliminary simulation studies with the model yielded the following results. Less effective autoregulation was predicted by the model at low blood pressure in focal ischemia. Passive dilatation of the pial vasculature produced a leftward shift in the autoregulatory curve. Simulations with occlusion of the MCA revealed the ultimate importance of the pial anastomoses in providing adequate blood and oxygen supply in the ischemic territories including the specially vulnerable lenticulostriate area. The volume of the ischemic (pO2 less than 1 mmHg) brain tissue in the MCA-cortex estimated by using a concurrent Krogh cylinder model was 50% when the pial anastomoses were 80 micrometers in diameter and the ischemic area disappeared at 170 micrometers diameter. With relatively small anastomoses (less than 200 m) the model demonstrated intracerebral steal during intracerebral vasodilation. Passive dilation of the pial arteries including the pial anastomoses caused the steal to disappear and to reverse. These results suggest that both autoregulatory shift and steal reversal can be explained by passive dilatation of the pial vasculature. PMID- 7123604 TI - The influence of antihypertensive therapy on cerebral autoregulation in aged hypertensive rats. AB - Cerebrovascular responses to hemorrhage induced hypotension were tested in aged (24 month) spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) after ten weeks of antihypertensive drug or sham treatment. Antihypertensive drug treatment consisted of 1 mg/kg/day minoxidil, 4 mg/kg/day hydralazine and 4 mg/kg/day propranolol given in the drinking water. Antihypertensive therapy produced a 30% decrease in systolic blood pressure in aged SHR to levels not significantly different from sham treated WKY. Cerebral blood flow (CBF), measured under control conditions using ketamine anesthesia, was not significantly different between sham and drug treated SHR and WKY. Cerebral oxygen metabolic rate (CMRO2) was significantly decreased in drug treated SHR and WKY compared to sham treated rats. Lowering blood pressure to a level between 80 and 95 torr produced no significant change in CBF or CMRO2 in sham or drug treated WKY or antihypertensive treated SHR, but a produced a significant decrease it both CBF and CMRO2 in sham treated SHR. Decreasing mean blood pressure to 50-60 torr produced a significant decrease in CBF but not CMRO2 in both WKY treatment groups and in hypertensive treated SHR, but again in sham treated SHR both CBF ana CMRO2 were significantly decreased. These results indicate that aged hypertensive rats are unable to maintain CBF or CMRO2 under even moderate hypotensive test conditions, and that cerebral autoregulation can be improved with antihypertensive therapy. PMID- 7123608 TI - Multiple particles injected may all go to the same cerebral artery branch. PMID- 7123610 TI - Which circulates faster through the cerebral microcirculatory system, red cells or plasma? PMID- 7123609 TI - Minimal daily dosage of ASA for platelet inhibition. PMID- 7123611 TI - Practical considerations in antifibrinolytic therapy. PMID- 7123613 TI - Symposium on diseases and surgery of the lids, lacrimal apparatus, and orbit. PMID- 7123614 TI - Evisceration, enucleation, and anophthalmic contracted socket. PMID- 7123612 TI - Orbital inflammations. PMID- 7123616 TI - Conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy: emplacement of the Jones Pyrex glass tube. PMID- 7123619 TI - Browlift and upper lid blepharoplasty. PMID- 7123617 TI - Dacryocystorhinostomy and canalicular reconstruction. PMID- 7123618 TI - Ectropion. PMID- 7123621 TI - Entropion. PMID- 7123622 TI - Lower lid blepharoplasty and complications. PMID- 7123620 TI - Special ptosis problems. PMID- 7123615 TI - Epiphora: diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7123624 TI - Cryosurgery of the ocular adnexa. PMID- 7123623 TI - Tumors of the lids. PMID- 7123625 TI - A periorbital approach to blepharospasm. PMID- 7123626 TI - The tarsal strip. PMID- 7123627 TI - The Mohs technique in ophthalmic plastic surgery. PMID- 7123629 TI - Congenital ptosis and levator resection. PMID- 7123628 TI - Results in eyelid malignancies treated with the Mohs fresh-tissue technique. PMID- 7123630 TI - Acquired ptosis and current treatment. PMID- 7123631 TI - A possible null phenotype in the Cromer blood group complex. AB - The red blood cells of a Japanese man failed to react with anti-Cra sera and with three Cromer-related sera, B.P., G.T., and K.T.O. His serum reacted with all red blood cells tested except his own. This phenotype, which may represent a null phenotype in the Cromer complex, supports the suggestion that the phenotypes of B.P., G.T., and K.T.O. are Cromer related. PMID- 7123632 TI - Storage and survival of red blood cells with elevated sodium levels. AB - Approximately 25 percent of black blood donors have an elevated red blood cell (RBC) sodium (Nai) level compared with white donors. This elevation results in a significant increase in the mean Nai from black (9.00 +/- 2.96 mmoles/l RBC) as compared to white blood donors (7.04 +/- 1.48 mmoles/l RBC, p less than 0.001). Red blood cells from four black donors with mean Nai levels of 15 +/- 2.8 mmoles/l RBC were stored for 35 days in citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine and compared to that of four donors with normal levels of Nai. Serial measurements of red blood cell adenosine triphosphate, diphosphoglycerate, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, pyruvic kinase, lactate production rates, and intracellular cations showed no differences between the two donor groups. Furthermore, the mean 24-hour posttransfusion survival was not significantly different for the high Nai group (83.2 +/- 5.6%) as compared with the control group (82.3 +/- 6.9%). Based on this study, it is not necessary to eliminate individuals with an elevated red blood cell Nai level as blood donors. PMID- 7123633 TI - Defective energy metabolism in stored granulocytes. PMID- 7123634 TI - Use of heparin for cytapheresis and plasmapheresis in a continuous flow centrifuge. AB - We evaluated the use of heparin in continuous flow centrifugation by continuous infusion. Doses were modified by assessment of the anticoagulant effect by the thrombin time dilution test (TTDT). Heparin is an efficient anticoagulant in continuous flow centrifugation and the TTDT is an effective and reliable method for control. The initial dose in leukapheresis is one unit per milliliter of blood during the first hour, then one-half the dose during the next hour, and then a one-quarter of the dose until the procedure is completed. A TTDT performed every 30 to 60 minutes will indicate whether the heparin dose should be modified. For plasmapheresis, it is necessary to determine the specific dose for each patient. There was no case of bleeding or extracorporeal coagulation of the blood. PMID- 7123635 TI - Platelet counts during rapid massive transfusion. AB - The effect of rapid massive transfusion upon platelet counts has been studied retrospectively in 24 patients treated for severe trauma. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that a platelet dilution model with an exponential form described the quantitative relationship between the pre- and posttransfusion platelet counts and the volumes of blood products administered. Intravenous salt solutions had very little effect upon the platelet count even when large volumes were infused. Red blood cell transfusions decreased the platelet count to an extent two and one-half times greater than that of colloid infusions. The differences in the magnitudes of the dilution effects are attributable to the different physiologic volumes of distribution of the various classes of infusates. If only red blood cells (RBC) and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) are transfused, two useful equations obtain. First, the current platelet count (Pt) can be predicted knowing the initial platelet count (Po) and the number (#) of units of RBC and FFP administered: Pt = Po (0.634) e-0.046 [#RBC + #FFP/8]. Second, the point during massive transfusion when platelet transfusions will be necessary can be predicted knowing the initial platelet count. PMID- 7123636 TI - Yersinia enterocolitica. A hazard in blood transfusion. PMID- 7123638 TI - The antiglobulin phase of the crossmatch. PMID- 7123637 TI - Plasma cholesterol and red blood cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate. PMID- 7123639 TI - Phthalate levels in microwave thawed fresh frozen plasma. PMID- 7123640 TI - Update: varicella zoster immune globulin. PMID- 7123641 TI - A second example of anti-Hil. PMID- 7123642 TI - Delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction caused by anti-Fyb in a splenectomized patient. PMID- 7123643 TI - Immunocompetent cells are responsible for rejection of incompatible xenogeneic grafts in Lineus (Invertebrata, Nemertea). PMID- 7123644 TI - Swellengrebel lecture: Survival of Schistosoma mansoni and other trematode larvae in the snail Biomphalaria glabrata. A discussion of the interference theory. PMID- 7123645 TI - Case reports on control of Biomphalaria pfeifferi snails with Phytolacca dodecandra berries. AB - Three case reports are given on the control of Biomphalaria pfeifferi, the intermediate snailhost of Schistosoma mansoni, occurring in the highlands of Ethiopia. Control was effected by applying Phytolacca dodecandra berry suspensions on two different rivers. A method of application by siphoning the suspension into the river is described. Both rivers were densely populated with B. pfeifferi, but with only 2.5-3.5 kg of berries their presence could be reduced to almost nil. Except for fish, the water fauna was not affected. However, 4 weeks after treatment fish were again present. PMID- 7123647 TI - The post impoundment status of onchocerciasis in Kainji Lake area of Nigeria. PMID- 7123646 TI - High levels of IgE in patients with schistosomiasis mansoni. Quantitation of total and specific IgE and IgG. PMID- 7123648 TI - An attempt to detect Yersinia enterocolitica infection in Dacca, Bangladesh. AB - Although Yersinia enterocolitica has been isolated in a few cases in some tropical countries, it is more prevalent in cold European countries. Recently, several reports have incriminated pig and pork as the chief reservoirs of Y. enterocolitica. To determine the presence of this organism in Dacca, we attempted to isolate it from 212 stool samples from patients with a clinical picture resembling yersiniosis, 113 other stool samples from patients with diarrhoea, 30 appendices from appendectomized patients and 190 stool samples from animals with diarrhoea. No Y. enterocolitica was detected. This may be due to Dacca's warm climate: the 18-year average temperature for January (coldest month) is 18.5 degrees C. The effect of environmental temperature on Y. enterocolitica needs further investigation. An alternative explanation may be the prohibition on eating pork and the virtual absence of pig rearing in Bangladesh, a Muslim country. In fact, to date only one case of yersiniosis has been reported from a Muslim country (Iran). PMID- 7123649 TI - Thyrotoxicosis in Sierra Leone: diagnosis and treatment with radioactive iodine (131I). AB - During a three and a half year period, 367 patients were referred from various areas of Sierra Leone for further evaluation of thyroid function. Thyroid hormone assays with commercial kits and radioactive iodine (131I) uptake confirmed the diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis in 17 patients. Thus, the relative rarity of thyrotoxicosis in black Africans, previously described by several authors, was demonstrated also in this study. Eleven of the 17 patients were treated with 131I and 10 of them are alive, well and euthyroid five to eight years after the initial dose of 131I. The only death occurred in a patient who was also suffering from disseminated thyroid carcinoma. Therapy for thyrotoxicosis in developing African countries appears limited to surgery and antithyroid drugs at present. However, this report indicates that radioiodine is probably the most suitable and effective form of treatment for thyrotoxicosis in developing countries in Africa. PMID- 7123650 TI - Roentgenologic estimation of kidney size in adult Nigerians. AB - Kidney length, width, renal cortical thickness and area were measured on excretory urograms of 100 (50 male and 50 female) adult Nigerians who had no apparent clinical, pathological or radiological evidence of renal disease. There is no significant difference in renal size between males and females and the left kidney in each sex was significantly longer than the right, the left kidney being 12.4 cm and the right 12.0 cm in length. Although the renal length in Nigerians is shorter than those of Europeans, the renal surface area per body surface area is the same in both groups. There is a poor correlation between kidney length and the vertebral span L1 - L4(r = 0.4). PMID- 7123651 TI - Genetic and environmental factors in the aetiology of familial paroxysmal polyserositis. An analysis of 150 cases from Lebanon. AB - To assess the hypothesis that factors other than a single gene are involved in the aetiology of familial paroxysmal polyserositis (FPP) clinical and genetic data on 150 patients have been analyzed. The finding of a significantly lower number of observed-affected compared to the expected in the Lenz-Hogben method of analysis is not in favour for an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. The absence of a significant difference in the proportion of affected offspring in families where one of the parents has the disease, compared to the families where the parents are normal, is further not consistent with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. The observation in the present study of the occurrence of the more severe forms of the disease in the familial cases compared to the non familial, isolated cases, make a polygenic type of inheritance or an autosomal inheritance where the penetrance of the disease is influenced by extraneous factors, more likely models for the aetiology of FPP. The possible role of an atopic model for the aetiology of FPP is discussed. PMID- 7123652 TI - Familial mediterranean fever in Pondicherry (India). PMID- 7123653 TI - Machakos project studies. Agents affecting health of mother and child in a rural area of Kenya. XXII. Schistosomiasis transmission in relation to some socio economic and other environmental factors. AB - A schistosomiasis research project, carried out in part of the Machakos area, yielded data by which it was possible to relate household egg outputs to some socioeconomic and other environmental variables. A significant negative correlation with schistosome scores was found for most variables when tested individually. Multiple regression analysis revealed a relatively strong relation with altitude and a much weaker association with some other variables. It is discussed whether the influence of altitude may be explained by differences in temperature, 'distance from infected water', or both. Furthermore it is hypothesized whether relations with social and economical variables are due to the fact that members of wealthier families stay away from contaminated water more often, have more knowledge of schistosomiasis and differ in hygienic behaviour. PMID- 7123654 TI - [Morphofunctional study of human pericardial macrophages]. AB - Human pericardial macrophages have been studied with the light and electron microscope. The cells showed high activities of acid phosphatase and of non specific and acid esterases. The macrophages are able to pinocytosis the extracellular space marker--horseradish peroxidase. The network of intracytoplasmic cavities, continuous with the extracellular space, has been documented by applying two different methods of visualization of the cellular surface. A possible role of these cavities in pinocytosis is discussed. PMID- 7123655 TI - [Alanine transport in a mammalian cell culture]. AB - The transport of L-alanine in cultured 3T3, 3T6 and CHO cells has been studied. The estimated Michaelis kinetic constants KM and Vmax for 3T3, 3T6 and CHO cells were 0.6 mM and 3 mM/min, 2.5 mM and 8.3. mM/min, 0.7 mM and 8.4 mM/min, respectively. Alanine transport was inhibited by glycine, serine, alpha aminoisobutyric acid, methionine, and in a lesser degree by leucine and valine. Glycine depressed alanine transport with the constant of inhibition (Ki) similar to the constant of glycine transport (Km). Alanine transport was strictly diminished in a Na+-dependent medium at the expense of the increase of Km for transport. It is concluded that in 3T3, 3T6 and CHO cells, alanine is transported by the Na+-dependent "A" system. PMID- 7123656 TI - [Effect of artificial NaCl and KCl gradients on the active transport of organic acids in energy-depleted proximal kidney tubules. I. The NaCl gradient]. AB - The present work has been undertaken to obtain a direct evidence of the involvement of chemical gradient of Na+ in organic acid transport in the renal tubules. Superficial tubules of rat and turtle kidneys were depleted of Na and K during cold preincubation to be then incubated in the presence of ouabain under anoxic conditions at 30 degrees C. Uptake of an organic acid, fluorescein, was detected in proximal tubules of the essential surface of kidneys by means of contact microfluorometry. The creation of artificial gradient of NaCl (medium to cells) stimulated the uphill uptake of fluorescein in the tubules. The dissipation of Na gradient was accompanied with the efflux of fluorescein from tubules. The presence in the medium of harmaline, an inhibitor of Na-dependent transport systems, as well as the replacement of Cl- for SO2- or SCN- resulted in the disappearance of the stimulatory effect of Na gradient on the fluorescein transport. It is concluded that the fluorescein transfer across the baso-lateral membrane of tubular cells may be energized by Na chemical gradient, and this process significantly depends on the anionic environment. PMID- 7123657 TI - [Dynamics of initial L-cell adhesion. I. The effect of serum and albumin]. AB - The adhesion of neoplastic mouse fibroblasts of line L was investigated during the formation of initial cell-substrate contact after the settling of spherical cells from suspension. nu (t), part of cell population which remained attached to the substrate after the impulse action of detaching force in the moment t, is used as a quantitative measure of the initial attachment process. The effects of the detaching force value and of the experimental medium composition on the main parameters of sigmoidal function nu (t) are studied. It is shown that 1) with the change of the detachment force three main parameters of function nu (t) are changed; 2) with the increase of the concentration of serum added in the Eagle medium the cell attachment becomes monotonely weaker and slower; albumin has the similar effect. PMID- 7123658 TI - [Separation of a rat thymocyte population in a ficoll-paque gradient. I. Relation of cell buoyant density to biological parameters]. AB - Rat thymic cells were fractioned in the one-step Ficoll-Paque gradient. The three fractions obtained differed from one another with respect to average cell sizes, protein and DNA contents per cell. The light fraction cells revealed the maximum incorporation of labeled precursors into their nucleic acids, a relatively low hydrocortisone sensitivity and a diminished adhesion capacity. Following preincubation of thymus cell suspension and its gamma-irradiation, the number of the heavy fraction cells increased. The enrichment of the heavy fraction of cells with cortical thymocytes, including terminal ones, is supposed. PMID- 7123659 TI - [Separation of a rat thymocyte population in a ficoll-paque gradient. II. Dynamics of the cell count in different media and the effect of thymolytic factors]. AB - Rat thymocytes were fractioned in the Ficoll-Paque gradient. Cells of various fractions were tested for their ability to survive in several nutritional media at 37 degrees C for 5 hours. In serum-less medium 199, the majority of cells died. The addition of bovine serum (10%) to medium 199 resulted in a sharp increase in the number of live cells in the light fractions. Again, the number of live cells in the light fractions was increased upon the 3 hrs-incubation in the serum-less medium containing hydrocortisone, as well as of cells obtained from animals previously injected with hydrocortisone. The X-irradiation of thymocyte suspension led to an obvious augmentation of the number of live cells, belonging to the medium fraction, after a 5 hours' incubation. A possibility is discussed of the increase in cell numbers of different fractions as the result of the "apoptotic" manner of their death. PMID- 7123660 TI - [Separation of a rat thymocyte population in a ficoll-paque gradient. III. The optical characteristics of the fractions]. AB - Values of the own ultraviolet fluorescence (UVF) intensity, of the relative UVF intensity (i/R2 proportion, where i--UVF-intensity, R--cell radius), of optical densities of cell suspensions beyond their light absorption band as well as of rates of light scattering by cells at the 90 degrees angle to the beam direction were determined for rat thymocyte fractions obtained by sedimentation of the total thymocyte population on the Ficoll-Paque layer (rho=1.077). It has been shown that the upper (less dense) thymic fractions have the greatest values of parameters assayed when compared with the bottom cells. Interrelations of the data obtained with those on the cell sizes, cytoprotein contents and internal cellular structure are discussed. PMID- 7123661 TI - [Fibroblast behavior in weak substrate adhesion]. AB - Primary human embryonic fibroblasts and permanent line of fibroblasts BHK-21 were cultivated on the glass in the medium, containing bovine serum ultrafiltrate with the molecular weight of the components up to 70000 D, and on liquid perfluorocarbon, perfluorotributylamine in the normal growth medium. In both the cases one could observe a formation of aggregates, however, in the case of cultivating the primary fibroblasts on the glass the aggregation was much less pronounced. The formation of aggregates is considered to be the result of the reduced adhesion of cells to the substrate. In the first case the low adhesion is accounted for by the deficiency of the adhesion factors, and in the second case- by the physico-chemical properties of the liquid substrate used. PMID- 7123662 TI - [Stability and viability of spermatogenic cells after their separation and fractionation]. AB - Spermatogenic cells isolated from seminiferous tubules by enzymatic treatment are very sensitive to the action of Triton X-100. The cells isolated by mechanical dissociation of spermatogenic epithelium are destroyed during storage. On the contrary, the cell separation by sedimentation velocity technique in human serum protein gradient leads to cell stabilization. As the result, the cells in collected fractions kept their living capacity and, what is more, their specific features. PMID- 7123663 TI - Prevalence of cattle ticks in Morocco. AB - During July 1980 the prevalence of cattle ticks was studied in 4 bioclimatic regions of Morocco. All the 24 farms examined were infested. The mean number of ticks per animal varied from 6.5 to 36.3 in different regions. Eight species of ticks were identified: Hyalomma marginatum, H. detritum, H. lusitanicum, H. anatolicum, Boophilus annulatus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, R. turanicus, R. bursa. Numerically H. detritum (30.8%) H. marginatum (25.5%) and B. annulatus (29.2%) were most important. The 3 Rhipicephalus species together formed only 3.9% of the total tick population. H. marginatum and H. lusitanicum were present in all the 4 climatic zones studied. PMID- 7123664 TI - Tuberculosis in wildlife in the Ruwenzori National Park, Uganda (Part II). AB - The results of post-mortem examinations of 90 warthog (Phacochoerus aethiopicus) conducted in the Ruwenzori National Park, Uganda during a survey of tuberculous infection in wildlife are described. Nine per cent of warthog were found to show gross lesions on autopsy and of these organisms which could by typed, Mycobacterium bovis was isolated in 2 of 6 cases and 5 atypical mycobacterial strains were isolated from the remaining 4. The distribution and character of the lesions is described and it is concluded that the route of infection in the warthog is alimentary. A mycobacterial survey of 8 other species of mammals, 7 species of birds, 5 species of fish and 1 species of amphibian is described. None of the mammals (except possibly 1 elephant), birds, fish or amphibia is described. None of the mammals (except possibly 1 elephant), birds, fish or amphibia was found to be infected with M. bovis but several individuals were found to harbour atypical, probably saprophytic, mycobacterial types. The origin of tuberculosis in buffalo and warthog in the Ruwenzori National Park is discussed and is concluded to have been previous contact with domestic cattle. PMID- 7123665 TI - Use of oxfendazole against natural infestations of Haemonchus placei, Cooperia punctata, Cooperia pectinata and Oesophagostomum radiatum in calves. PMID- 7123666 TI - Prevalence of larval taeniids in goats in bangladesh. PMID- 7123667 TI - Fascioliasis in beef cattle in north-west Argentina. AB - Two thousand and ninety beef cattle livers from north-west Argentina were inspected at a large slaughterhouse in Salta; 13% were found to have lesions of fascioliasis and these were classified according to their severity. Of the livers condemned 182 (67.2%) were lightly affected, 77 (28.4%) moderately affected and only 12 (4.4%) severely affected. In a field survey 85 animals, mainly between 6 and 18 months old, were slaughtered and 12 (14%) had lesions of fascioliasis. The influence of Fasciola hepatica on weight gain in beef cattle was assessed on 2 farms. Infected animals were divided into 2 groups and I group was treated monthly. Only on 1 farm were the animals exposed continuously to infection. No differences in weight gain were found over 7 and 14 months respectively when compared to untreated controls. It was concluded that fascioliasis is widespread but at a low level in beef cattle. PMID- 7123668 TI - Calf rearing in the tropics: growth rates and utilisation of milk substitute diets. AB - Twelve Brahman (Bos indicus) and 36 Holstein (Bos taurus) calves in Trinidad were fed on an amount of milk substitute equivalent to either 10 or 20% of their body weight each day. The diets contained either 10, 20 or 30% added fat. Nutrient balances were studied for 21 days. The liveweight gains of the calves depended on the quantity of milk fed and the breed of calf (Holstein greater than Brahman) but were independent of fat level. The Brahman calves were reluctant to accept milk substitute from a bucket. The digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen and fat was slightly higher for the Holstein than for the Brahman calves but there was little difference between the ME requirements for the 2 breeds. PMID- 7123669 TI - Foot-and-mouth disease control in the Songwe Valley, Malawi--a review. PMID- 7123670 TI - Semen quality of Yankasa rams. PMID- 7123671 TI - Radiotherapy as initial treatment for carcinomas of tonsillar region. AB - For this study we have reviewed 186 carcinomas of the tonsillar region, i.e., the lateral wall of the oropharynx, treated from January 1959 to December 1973 at this Institute. In 148 patients (79.6%) the primary tumor and the lymphatic areas were treated with 60Co-teletherapy (TCT). In 15 cases (8.1%) the primary lesion was removed by transoral surgery, followed by irradiation of the tonsillar region and lymphatic areas with TCT. In 23 patients (12.3%) the primary tumor was treated with interstitial curietherapy, after which a radical homolateral neck dissection was performed on 10 of them; the neck was not treated in the remaining 13 cases, initially N0. As far as the case initially treated with TCT alone are concerned, disease-free survival at 5 years was 42.5% for T1 cases and under 30% for T2, T3, whereas it was only 6.5% for T4. The most frequent failure cause of TCT was local relapse, isolated or associated with a nodal relapse. Local failures were nearly always central. On the contrary, if the field extension was adequate, there were very few nodal failures, at least in initially N0 or N1 cases. Our study recommends a revision of the current attitude towards the treatment of carcinomas of the tonsillar region. PMID- 7123672 TI - Curietherapy of oral cancer. AB - This work concerns 406 oral carcinomas treated with curietherapy (interstitial applications and surface molds) from January 1959 to December 1970. There were 65 (16.0%) carcinomas of the mucosal surface of checks, 15 of the retromolar areas, alveolus and gingiva, and hard palate (3.7%), 211 of the mobile tongue (51.9%), and 115 of the floor of mouth (28.4%). There were 132 (32.5%) T1 cases, 245 (60.3%) T2 and 29 (7.2%) T3. In 376 cases with adequate follow-up (92.6%) there were 93 (24.7%) local relapses: 83 isolated and 10 associated with a lymph nodal relapse; 49.5% of the local relapses were peripheral with respect to the treated volume (46/93). The incidence of local relapses only slightly differed for initially T1 and T2 cases (respectively 21.8% and 22.7%), whereas it was more than twice as much for initially T3 cases (53.6%). The overall incidence of radionecrotic complications was 22.0% (83/376 cases with adequate follow-up). Altogether the disease-free survival was 41.1% and 31.4% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. We think that local control of practically all treatable oral carcinomas can be obtained with a combined treatment. PMID- 7123673 TI - Tamoxifen therapy in advanced breast cancer with positive estrogen receptors in postmenopausal women. PMID- 7123674 TI - Esophageal involvement in breast cancer. Report of six cases. PMID- 7123676 TI - Cavernous hemangioma of the colon and rectum: a case report. PMID- 7123677 TI - Cerebellar balloon-cell metastasis of a melanoma. PMID- 7123675 TI - Bilateral cancer of the breast. AB - The authors reviewed a series of 2311 primary breast cancers followed-up from 1 to 11 years after radical mastectomy. Twenty-eight simultaneous and 40 metachronous controlateral breast cancers were observed in the study period with an average annual incidence rate of 4.5%. Younger age and histologic evidence of lobular carcinoma at first cancer diagnosis was significantly associated with contralateral cancer, whereas first cancer stage did not seem to be a risk factor. Contralateral metachronous cancer significantly worsened the expected prognosis, which was not true for simultaneous bilateral cancers. The possible reasons for this negative prognostic influence of a second breast cancer and the role of preventive measures such as contralateral mastectomy are discussed. At the present time, an accurate annual clinico-mammographic follow-up seems to be a most advisable course of action. PMID- 7123678 TI - [Prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Perspectives in allergic and inflammatory conditions]. PMID- 7123680 TI - [Adriamycin induced necrosis of the hand]. PMID- 7123679 TI - [Fractures of the radius and ulna treated by the AO method]. PMID- 7123681 TI - [Right-sided paraduodenal hernia. A unusual cause of acute abdomen]. PMID- 7123682 TI - [Acute retention of urine in primary syphilis]. PMID- 7123684 TI - [Bromhexine. An evaluation of the literature]. PMID- 7123685 TI - [The register of congenital anomalies in Funen County. I. The number of notifications and their sources]. PMID- 7123683 TI - [CT-scanning and prognosis in cerebellar infarction]. PMID- 7123686 TI - A small computer system for micrograph analysis. AB - A small computer system is described that makes use of video graphics to interactively analyze electron micrographs. The advent of relatively inexpensive digital frame buffers (digital memory that holds one TV frame) permits an image of at least 512X512 pixel resolution to be displayed and rapidly changed in contrast, brightness, and color. These devices can also perform pan (picture movement), zoom and marking of objects of interest with circles, vectors and alphanumerics. These features have suddenly made it possible to quantitatively analyze micrographs in an efficient and interactive way. A minimal system is described here to implement the application of this equipment to measure molecular weights of individual proteins (or mass per unit length measurements) and to perform several image enhancement processes such as background gradient removal and contouring of molecules. This system is a stand-alone microcomputer with disk, video processor and TV set and is simple enough to permit an untrained user to make a statistical study of his micrographs after only a few minutes of instruction. PMID- 7123687 TI - A new approach for the visualization of molecular arrangement in biological micro crystals. AB - Biological molecules often form micro-crystals that are in a size range that is unsuited for study either by X-ray crystallography or by electron microscopy. The method described here allows the use of most of these crystals. It consists of cutting sections through the crystal deposited on a grid after a preliminary observation in the electron microscope to determine its precise location. It allows visualization of the crystal molecular packing in any plane normal to the grid plane at the resolution usually obtained by negative staining. If the crystal is thin enough, two orthogonal views of the same crystal can be obtained. The orientation and the position of the sections along the crystal axis are precisely determined using latex particles as reference points. Crystals as small as 1 micrometer in length can be studied. PMID- 7123688 TI - Third meeting of the World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology. Fifth World Congress of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology. Brighton, England. 26 -30 July 1982. Abstracts. PMID- 7123689 TI - [Vertical and excentric stress in case of a defect on the fracture gap]. AB - In order to compare the external fixator of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Osteosynthesefragen (AO) to different types of assembly of the Stuhler-Heise fixator (frame fixator, three-dimensional fixator, three-dimensional fixator with two screws of Schanz) with different spans (110, 140 and 190 mm), a vertical and excentric stress was exerted on a defect on the fracture gap. The comparable types of assembly of the AO fixator were lighter by 20% on an average. In two thirds of all assemblies, i.e. in 12 among 18 assemblies, the Stuhler-Heise device showed markedly better results of stability at the simulated fracture gap with respect to a vertical downward movement. In three assembly series there were identical results, in the other three series the AO device brought about better results. Under excentric stress, both fixator types showed considerable torsion movements from the horizontal line within the fracture gap. The differences between the two fixator systems found out for defects on the fracture gap will probably be significantly less important in case of compression osteosynthesis. This assumption will be verified by further examinations. PMID- 7123690 TI - [Traumatic intraclinoidal aneurysm of the internal carotid artery]. AB - A case of traumatic supraclinoidal aneurysm of the internal carotid artery is presented. The patient with adventitious multiple lesions of the midface was successfully treated by a team consisting of a neurosurgeon, a traumatologist, and a dental surgeon. As an example, this case presents the diagnostic problems, and the operative treatment. Problems of post-traumatic intracranial vasospasm are discussed. PMID- 7123691 TI - [Results of Bankart procedure in recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder]. AB - Of 41 patients with recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder operated on during a nine-year period (1970-1979), twenty-eight were re-examined and six answered a questionnaire. There were two recurrences (6%) after repair by the Bankart-Procedure. The results at follow-up were rated excellent in 59%, good in 29%, and poor in 12%. In 35% limitation in the external rotation was noted. We concluded that with the technique of the Bankart repair as described, only short postoperative immobilisation is necessary, early return of motion and function can be expected. PMID- 7123692 TI - [Diagnostics and therapy of osseous elbow lesions in the growing skeleton]. AB - Osseous elbow lesions in the growing skeleton often involve problems of diagnosis, indication and therapy which are essentially different from those occurring in adult persons. Beyond its task to prove or to exclude a fracture line, X-ray diagnosis also has to search systematically for discernible soft tissue modifications (adipoid signs) or for disturbed correlations of positions and axes. When adopting an indication for conservative or surgical treatment, it has to be considered that rotation faults are not compensated during the further growth of bones and that an insufficient reposition of an epiphysis fracture causes a tendency towards an increase of the joint deformity when the bone is growing. The treatment of a bone fracture aims not only at a good elbow joint function which can be achieved even by a conservative, insufficient reposition, but also at an exact reposition and a reliable fixation during the short healing time. In most cases, the latter is only possible by means of fine metal implants (drilling wires and screws for little fragments which, by way of exception, do not touch the epiphyseal cartilage). This is the only way to avoid joint deformations and defective positions in adolescents which can promote the formation of destructive arthroses in adults. As opposed to fractures in adult persons, the functional result is not deteriorated by an additional immobilization for a period of three to four weeks effected in order to guarantee the so-called "minimal osteosynthesis". PMID- 7123693 TI - [Therapy of hand joint fractures using the external fixator. Experiences - results]. AB - In the treatment of multi-fragment fractures of the base of the radius plate osteosynthesis using the small-fragment instrument set is preferred to conservative treatment due to the superior results achieved. However, one still cannot dispense with an additional immobilization of the fracture in a plaster cast. The extension of intra-articular comminuted fractures of the base of the radius is a technically relatively simple procedure and does not require a supporting plaster cast. In this paper we report the results of the treatment of twenty-seven wrist-fracture patients who were treated by external fixator. We also describe the indications and operative techniques. The results are reported by functional and radiological findings. For a great number of cases the results were quite good. We can highly recommend this procedure in the treatment of wrist injuries due to the simplicity of the operative technique employed and minimal follow-up treatment needed in conjunction with the good results achieved. PMID- 7123694 TI - [Classification, treatment and results of fractures of the tibial pilon]. AB - Considering the rate of complications and the remaining disability occurring after compression fractures of the distal end of the tibia - the so-called pilon fracture -, this type of fracture is one of the most serious injuries of the lower extremity. Such fractures of the distal end of the tibia can be caused by compressions as well as by direct of indirect traumatic violence, e.g. shearing, bending, or torsion effects. Of 102 patients with pilon fractures, 63 (= 61.8%) suffered this fracture by falling from a great height. When classifying our cases with fracture of the distal end of the tibia, and the diagnosed accompanying injuries, we found a dependence between expected consequences of the lesion and the seriousness of the accident before surgery already. During the treatment of patients suffering from pilon fractures, complications arose in 0% of group I, in 16.1% of group II, and in 27.6% of group III. With respect to the existing possibilities of surgical treatment of fractures, one should always - if possible - reconstruct the joint surfaces in an anatomically correct manner and apply an early functional treatment with late exertion of stress on the injured part. PMID- 7123695 TI - [Treatment and results in acute pyogenic arthritis]. AB - Pyogenic arthritis poses a serious complication to the opening of a joint. In the past eight years we have treated 22 patients suffering from acute infection of the knee joint and the talo-crural joint. Cases with infection of osseous origin were excluded. Infection was mainly caused by contamination during ligament reconstruction. Our therapy consisted of emergency operative revision of the joint, removal of necrotic tissue, and installation of an irrigation-suction drainage system. The joints were immobilized and systemic antibiotics were administered in all cases. In four cases the installation of the irrigation suction-drainage system in the knee joint was performed percutaneously without opening the joint. Of these, three had to be reoperated as the infection could not be controlled. During recent years we preferred to use a 0.5% PVP-I-solution for irrigation, because of the antiseptic effect. Irrigation treatment is limited to a period of seven days. Two out of 15 cases of knee-joint infection and three cases out of seven of talo-crural-joint infection resulted in ankylosis. In cases in which treatment began in the first week after contamination almost all had excellent clinical results. Substantial previous damage to the joint or delayed treatment usually prevented complete restoration of the joint's function. PMID- 7123697 TI - Hyperbaric exposures alter cardiac excitation-contraction coupling. AB - Cardiac excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling variables were measured in anesthetized cats during helium-oxygen dives to 1000 fsw (305 msw). At constant pacing rates of 190-300/min the delay between onset of ventricular excitation and onset of developed pressure increased with depth, the larger increases occurring at faster rates. The electrocardiographic Q-T interval increased with depth at all rates, but rate-related shortening of Q-T was less at depth. At a rate of 190, the indexes of contractile performance were enhanced by increases in depth, but they showed little change or were lessened at faster rates. Predive changes in contractility, time to peak pressure, and systolic duration correlated positively with rate-induced changes in the Q-T interval. The correlations were reduced or reversed at depth, however, suggesting a dissociation of E-C coupling. Several cases of conduction arrhythmias or pulsus alternans were encountered with increases in depth and heart rate. These results suggest cardiac E-C coupling is altered by interactions of depth and heart rate. Further, these findings may have relevance to the capacity of the cardiovascular system to support periods of work in a hyperbaric environment. PMID- 7123696 TI - Observations on no-stop and repetitive air and oxynitrogen diving. AB - The historical origins of the respective air decompression schedules of the British and United States Navies are reviewed with particular reference to the repetitive diving rules. No-stop diving is also discussed. A series of single dive and repetitive dive trials of the Royal Navy Air Table is presented. U.S. Navy and Royal Naval Physiological Laboratory (RNPL) 1968 repetitive dive rules were also tested according to their respective tables on a selection of dives. Comparison of the two methods produce a remarkably similar outcome for dives to similar depths. For dives to very dissimilar depths there is no comparison. The RNPL system has commendable simplicity but lacks the flexibility of the U.S. Navy system for use with successive dives to different depths. Observations on the results of a triple no-stop repetitive dive experiment are presented. It is concluded that little would be gained by further practical investigation of no stop diving times. PMID- 7123698 TI - Comparison of long-bone radiographs between U.S. Navy divers and matched controls. AB - The long-bone radiographs of a group of nondivers consisting of 177 U.S. Navy enlisted men were compared to the long-bone radiographs of 93 U.S. Navy enlisted divers who were 35 years of age and older. The nondiver control group was matched to the diver group for age, rank, and occupational specialty. Divers were found to have significantly more films classified as positive for aseptic bone necrosis (ABN) and bone cysts than nondivers, while the nondiver group had more films classified as doubtful for ABN than the diver group. The two groups were similar in the number of members classified as having bone islands and sclerotic areas. X ray classifications by highly experienced radiologists were found to be only moderately reliable. These data indicate that diving as practiced by the U.S. Navy contributes independently to the development of ABN and bone cysts evidenced among divers in this age group. Some caution must be exercised in interpreting these findings, however, because of the larger number of doubtful films found for the nondiver group than for the diver group, the small number of positive and doubtful cases found in either group, the age of the samples used (35 years of age and older), and the substantial degree of unreliability demonstrated in classification of the films. PMID- 7123699 TI - Heat loss and tolerance time during cold exposure in heliox atmosphere at 16 ATA. AB - Four different types of protective clothing and three different methods of heat conservation protection were evaluated during an exposure to 4 degrees C cold in a heliox atmosphere at 150 msw. The divers using protective systems with little insulation had to quit the test after 1-2 h due to uncontrollable shivering and an extreme feeling of cold, whereas the divers using the heavily insulated clothing were able to stay in the chamber for 8-10 h. However, even with adequate protection against convective heat loss from the skin, respiratory convective heat loss will be high unless inspired gas is heated. This can be adequately done by using a combined heat-exchanger and scrubber where the heat produced by CO2 absorption is used to warm the inspired gas. PMID- 7123700 TI - Muscle strength and balance in post-stroke patients. AB - Isokinetic torque of the knee and elbow during maximal extension and flexion and isometric strength of the handgrip, as well as balance and some circulatory variables, were tested in 37 patients one year after an acute stroke. Correlations with locomotion, household work and other activities of daily living (ADL) were tested. Male patients who had received special activation on the ward for up to 4 weeks after the stroke showed a significantly smaller difference in strength between the paretic and non-paretic knee at an angular velocity of 90 degrees per second than males who had received only routine activation on their ward. There was a high correlation between locomotion and the isokinetic torque of the paretic knee and also between locomotion and balance. The correlations between elbow strength and ADL functions were weaker. It was concluded that the evaluation of the isokinetic muscle torque of the knee and the balance tests are valid instruments for estimating functional capacity after a stroke. PMID- 7123701 TI - Computherm. A new device for measurement of coronary blood flow using the continuous thermodilution technique. AB - A new device for an automatic determination of coronary sinus blood flow using the thermodilution technique is presented. The measuring equipment consists of four main parts; a thermal dilution-catheter with two signal amplifiers of analogue type, an analogue/digital converter controlled by a microcomputer system, a pump for the control of the rate of injection flow and a control panel and display. The device has been tested in a model test with flow levels between 75 and 200 ml/min. The error between a number of measurements with all parameters unchanged except minor variations in temperatures was less than 5 per cent. PMID- 7123702 TI - Myocardial infarction without coronary occlusion. A morphologic study in sheep. AB - The macroscopic, histologic and enzyme-histochemical characteristics of the myocardial lesion obtained after heating of a thermoprobe in a branch of the left coronary artery in sheep is reported. In 13 sheep such myocardial lesions were produced distal to the location of the thermoprobe. Alterations were observed in accordance with generally accepted morphologic criteria for myocardial infarction. The coronary artery branch in which the thermoprobe was located showed erythrocyte and platelet aggregates immediately after the heating episode, which disappeared within a few min, as demonstrated by coronary arteriography. Injection of radiolabelled microspheres into the coronary circulation after induction of the myocardial lesion, cryosectioning of the heart and autoradiography revealed a lack of blood flow in the damaged myocardial region. We consider this new method a suitable tool for further studies on the complex pathology involved in the development of myocardial infarction. PMID- 7123703 TI - Treatment of a presymptomatic 14-year-old girl with Wilson's disease. PMID- 7123704 TI - Blood vessels and nerves of the human penis. AB - The spongy tissue of the penis together with the arteries and veins functionally becomes an erectile system because these structures are surrounded by layer of collagenous and elastic fibers capable to withstand blood pressure and to stretch. The caliber of the terminal branches of the arteries inside the spongy tissue is modified due to the presence of epitheloid cells and smooth muscle cells. The veins drain the blood into three main regions: the femoral region, the deep pelvic region and the upper pelvic region. The penile nerves enter the ilioinguinal nerves, the perineal nerves, the dorsal penile nerve and the pudendal nerves. These afferent fibers terminate in the spinal cord (Th 12-S 4). The parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers run together with the pudendal nerves and arise in S 2-S 4 or Th 12-L 1. Both the pudendal nerves and the hypogastric ganglia must be carefully spared in the course of all surgical procedures. PMID- 7123705 TI - Techniques and value of sphincter electromyography in urological problems. PMID- 7123706 TI - Skin diseases and tumors of the penis. PMID- 7123707 TI - Effects of acetylcholine on the tone and miniature contractions of isolated dog urinary bladder. AB - Effects of acetylcholine on the tone and miniature contractions of dog urinary bladder were investigated in vitro. In both dome and trigone preparations, cumulative administrations of acetylcholine produced dose-dependent increases in the tone, which were dose-dependently depressed by prior administration of atropine and augmented by neostigmine. The frequency of miniature contractions in the dome and trigone was dose-dependently increased by acetylcholine. The dose response curves of the frequency for acetylcholine were shifted to the right by atropine and to the left by neostigmine in both preparations. The amplitude of miniature contractions in both preparations was not significantly changed by acetylcholine. A computer analysis showed that changes in the tone of the bladder had the positive correlation to the frequency of miniature contractions. The results indicate that acetylcholine would act on the urinary bladder through activation of muscarinic receptors, and that there is the positive correlation between changes in the tone and the frequency of miniature contractions. PMID- 7123708 TI - [Morphological and cell kinetic investigations of wound healing of rat kidney after local freezing ]. AB - The effects of cryonecrosis in rat kidney after single and repeated local freezing were studied by morphological and cell kinetic methods. Shortly after single and repeated cryolesions a well-demarcated coagulation necrosis developed which was replaced by granulation tissue. 4 weeks after the second freezing only a small fibrous scar was visible. Cell analysis revealed no significant differences between single and repeated cryolesions. Autoradiographically, however, it was shown that the labelling index of fibroblasts in the granulation tissue was higher after repeated than after single cryolesions. The proliferation maxima of epithelial cells were delayed for 24 h. After 4 weeks the cell proliferation again had reached normal values. Hardly any differences between wound healing after single and after repeated cryolesion were found. Thus, repeated is advisable and no complications should be expected. PMID- 7123709 TI - Urolithiasis in childhood. A study of 181 cases. AB - 181 of 2,606 patients hospitalized for urolithiasis in 12 years were younger than 15 years (6.9%). In accordance with the data given by other authors, we found the incidence of urolithiasis in children to be 1-5%, which, at least in Central Europe, corresponds approximately with that in adults. The causative factors or cofactors we established were malformation of the kidneys and urinary tract in 35.9%, and infections of the urinary tract in 80.7%. Defined metabolic disorders were found in only 5.5% of patients. Stone analysis showed a predominance of phosphate-containing calculi. Control examinations were done in 154 children over periods of 6 months to 11 years. "Recurrent lithiasis' was seen in 32 patients, however, the exact comparison of pre- and postoperative X-ray films showed that in 17 cases the calculi had not been completely removed during surgery (11%). Consequently, a real recurrent lithiasis was present in 15 children only (9.9%). Since the West Berlin population includes a high percentage of Turkish people, we can conclude from our case material that even those Turkish children who were born in West Berlin suffer from urolithiasis 2-2.5 times as often as German children of the same age-groups. PMID- 7123710 TI - Comparison of the xenon-133 washout curve and radioactive microsphere distribution in the normal and hypoperfused dog kidney. AB - Intrarenal blood flow distribution was measured in normal and hypoperfused dog kidneys by xenon-133 washout measurement in one kidney vary slightly in contrast to those done in different kidneys. In normal kidneys the ratio of compartment I (CI) flow to whole renal flow -- i.e., the CI fraction--as measured by the xenon 133 washout curves is almost identical with the distribution of radioactive microspheres in the outer three-fourths of renal cortex (= SI). In hypoperfused dog kidneys, both techniques demonstrate redistribution of blood flow due to reduction predominantly in the CI fraction and the SI zone. The CI fraction is smaller than the microsphere distribution in zone SI in 3 of 5 hypoperfused kidneys. This is explained on the basis of increased cortical flow inhomogeneity in the hypoperfused kidneys. PMID- 7123711 TI - Effects of ureteral obstruction on renal cortical blood flow. AB - Changes in cortical blood flow were measured simultaneously with radioactive microspheres and the xenon-133 washout method in 6 dogs after 24 h of unilateral complete ureteral obstruction and in 6 dogs after 90 min of unilateral ischemia and compared with the blood flow in the contralateral kidney. Predominant reduction in cortical blood flow after 24 h of ureteral obstruction is accompanied by severe differences in the perfusion pattern of different areas in the renal cortex, thus that some areas have almost no detectable blood flow. This finding supports the thesis of renal ischemia causing at least cortical hydronephrotic atrophy. PMID- 7123712 TI - Blood group antigens and bladder carcinoma: a perspective. AB - A review of the current literature relative to the measurement of blood group antigens on bladder epithelium is presented. The determination of the presence or absence of such antigens on bladder tumors has enabled us to separate patients into two predictive groups at a time when their routine histologic patterns are identical. Group I consists of those patients with detectable blood group antigens by specific red cell adherence testing (SRCA). Regardless of the grade of their lesion, these patients have a low incidence (0-19%) of the ultimate development of invasive disease. Group II consists of those patients without demonstrable blood group antigens on their bladder carcinomas. These patients have a 60 to 93 per cent change of invasive disease developing within five years. Treatment thus can be predicated not only on the grade and stage, but also on a prediction of future behavior. Studies mapping cystectomy specimens, as well as those studying random mucosal biopsies, have shown that when the primary tumor lacks demonstrable blood group antigens, other areas of the bladder are also SRCA negative. These findings may help explain the frequent recurrences and ultimate development of invasive lesions in some of these patients. The role of the measurments of blood group antigens in urine cytology is reviewed, as well as those situations in which red cell adherence may be less definitive, i.e., those patients with carcinoma in situ, after radiotherapy, or thiotepa, and in those patients with blood group O. Future areas of usefulness of blood group antigens are discussed including other organs, i.e., kidney, renal pelvis, testes, and prostate. PMID- 7123713 TI - Ureteral crossover method for bilateral antireflux operation. Modification of Cohen technique. PMID- 7123714 TI - Partial flap ureteroneocystostomy for bilharzial strictures of lower ureter. AB - Partial flap ureteroneocystostomy was applied for the management of bilharzial strictures of the lower ureter for 30 ureters (24 patients). Follow-up excretory urography (IVP) showed improvement or stabilization in 83.3 per cent of renoureteral units. Creatinine clearance improved or remained stable in 79 per cent of cases. Postoperative reflux occurred in 30 per cent of renoureteral units. We recommend partial flap ureteroneocystostomy for the management of bilharzial strictures if submucosal tunnel ureteroneocystostomy is not applicable. PMID- 7123715 TI - Pyelopexy. PMID- 7123716 TI - Intraluminal antibiotic regimen for patients undergoing transrectal needle biopsy of prostate. AB - Twenty-five consecutive patients who had an abnormal prostate examination were subjected to transrectal biopsy of the prostate gland. The day prior to biopsy the patients were started on a modification of the Nichols-Condon bowel preparation utilizing only neomycin and erythromycin base. Although none of the patients became febrile, 3 patients had a positive post-biopsy blood culture (2 anaerobic and 1 aerobic). None of the 24 patients with a negative pre-biopsy urine culture had a positive post-biopsy culture. This regimen effectively reduces the reported incidence of both fever (95% confidence limit of 0 to 13.7% for the true proportion) and bacteremia (95% confidence limit of 2.6 to 31.2% for the true proportion). PMID- 7123717 TI - Prevention of cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis. AB - The occurrence of hemorrhagic cystitis with the use of high-dose cyclophosphamide is thought to be a toxic effect of cyclophosphamide metabolites directly on the bladder mucosa. To decrease both the concentration of metabolites in contact with the bladder mucosa and the time of such contact, a regimen of diuresis and frequent voiding or catheter drainage was instituted in patients at risk for the development of hemorrhage. Prior to institution of this regimen, 8 of 97 patients experienced massive clot-producing hemorrhage, three-quarters of whom died as a direct result of such hemorrhage. Subsequent to use of this regimen, only 1 of 198 patients experienced this degree of hemorrhage. Although this is only a phase II study, the dramatic decrease in the incidence of hemorrhage strongly suggests the efficacy of this regimen in decreasing the potential morbidity associated with cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis. PMID- 7123719 TI - Treatment of vasculogenic sexual impotence by revascularizing cavernous and/or dorsal arteries using microvascular techniques. PMID- 7123718 TI - Automatic determination of penile blood pressure in evaluation of vasculogenic impotence. PMID- 7123720 TI - Placement of penile prosthesis during surgery for malignancies. AB - Insertion of either a semirigid or inflatable penile prosthesis at the completion of surgery for various malignancies was performed. Twelve men had implants and were followed at least one year with excellent results. Careful preoperative sexual counseling with the patient's spouse is recommended and adds immeasureably to the mental well-being of the patient in the postoperative period. Penile prostheses can be placed easily after radical cystectomy, radical prostatectomy (perineal or retropubic), urethrectomy, and bilateral orchiectomy. Penile prosthesis placement may also be recommended for patients with less than adequate erectile function who may be undergoing pelvic lymphadenectomy with 125I implantation for prostatic carcinoma. PMID- 7123722 TI - Lobulated inverted papilloma of ureter. PMID- 7123721 TI - Fracture of penis. PMID- 7123723 TI - Renal failure from obstructive uropathy secondary to aortic aneurysm. PMID- 7123724 TI - Bilateral synchronous transitional cell ureteral carcinoma. PMID- 7123725 TI - Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia of bladder in a child. PMID- 7123726 TI - Simple technique to control venous bleeding during radical retropubic prostatectomy and cystectomy. PMID- 7123727 TI - Placement of double-pigtail ureteral stent via cystoscope. PMID- 7123728 TI - Malignant mesothelioma of tunica vaginalis testis. AB - A case of biphasic malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis occurring in a sixty-four-year-old man is described. The tumor metastasized widely and led to the patient's death two and one-half years after diagnosis. Review of the literature revealed 7 cases of malignant mesothelioma of tunica vaginalis. These tumors appeared highly aggressive with early onset of metastasis. Histologically, the tumors may be epithelial, fibrous, or biphasic. In contrast to the benign variants of mesotheliomas, these tumors often show significant nuclear atypia, mitotic activity, and invasion of the epididymis, spermatic cord, lymphatic spaces, or the fibrous tissue of the tunica. PMID- 7123729 TI - Basal cell carcinoma of penis. AB - Basal cell carcinoma, common in the head and neck region, rarely occurs on the penis. We report here a case of primary basal cell carcinoma of the penis in a fifty-five-year-old man, apparently representing the eleventh reported case. Review of the literature indicates that most penile basal cell carcinomas were located on the shaft and that the age, race, and other clinicopathologic features were comparable to basal cell carcinomas of other sites. The rarity of penile basal cell carcinomas is probably due in part to the low exposure of this region to sunlight and other predisposing factors. Interestingly, of the 9 reported cases of penile basal cell carcinoma, with available information, 6 were associated with local conditions which could have played a predisposing role. PMID- 7123730 TI - Case profile: giant hydronephrosis of pelvic kidney due to obstruction of ureteropelvic junction. PMID- 7123731 TI - Changing ureteral appearance during pyelosinus extravasation. PMID- 7123732 TI - Inferior vena cava on left side with left renal cell carcinoma. PMID- 7123733 TI - Suprapubic double-lumen catheter for measuring bladder pressure and filling bladder. PMID- 7123734 TI - Classification of ectopia of vas deferens. PMID- 7123735 TI - Conservative management of urethral prolapse. PMID- 7123737 TI - [Pathomorphological study of the mechanism of noise damage to the cochlea]. PMID- 7123736 TI - [Differential diagnosis between cochlear and retrocochlear hearing loss]. PMID- 7123738 TI - [Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in acute sensorineural hearing loss]. PMID- 7123739 TI - [Changes in the histochemical organization of the spiral organ in chronic exposure to noise]. PMID- 7123740 TI - [Extratympanic electrocochleography in clinical practice]. PMID- 7123741 TI - [Use of xylitol for detecting intralabyrinthine hydrops]. PMID- 7123742 TI - [Electron microscopic study of changes in the labyrinth receptors in laser exposure]. PMID- 7123744 TI - [Resection treatment method in chondroperichondritis of the concha auriculae]. PMID- 7123745 TI - [Assessment of auditory tube patency in chronic mesotympanitis based on electrotubographic data]. PMID- 7123743 TI - [Liquorrhea through a fistula in the area of the fenestra cochleae]. PMID- 7123746 TI - [Common scheme in evaluating functional studies of the nasal cavity]. PMID- 7123747 TI - [Surgical procedure in choanal atresia]. PMID- 7123748 TI - [Effect of various concentrations of antibiotic solutions on the function of the ciliated epithelium]. PMID- 7123749 TI - [Immune reaction of the body to tonsillar microflora in the treatment of angina with levamisole combined with penicillin]. PMID- 7123753 TI - [Tracheostomy in laryngectomy for cancer]. PMID- 7123752 TI - [congenital laryngeal dystopia]. PMID- 7123750 TI - [Benign nonepithelial tumors and nodular formations of the larynx in children]. PMID- 7123754 TI - [Collapse and functional adrenocortical failure in surgical interventions]. AB - The authors observed collapses during operations under narcosis resulting from the adrenal insufficiency in 0,75% of the operated patients. Patients with the potential adrenal insufficiency were detected by means of laboratory and clinical investigations. In order to prevent its development before, during and after the operation a substituting therapy with hydrocortisone was carried out. PMID- 7123751 TI - [Rare foreign body in the nasal cavity]. PMID- 7123755 TI - [Clinico-biochemical characteristics of intravenous anesthesia with subnarcotic anesthetic doses]. AB - On the basis of analysis of changes in some indices of homeostasis during the intravenous anesthesia (with ketalar, seduxen, sodium hydroxybutyrate) and fluorane narcosis during operations on the abdominal cavity no substantial difference was established. In the abdominal surgery the intravenous anesthesia with subnarcotic doses of anesthetic drugs is recommended. PMID- 7123756 TI - [Oxygen transport in general anesthesia with ftorotan and sodium oxybutyrate]. AB - The functional capacity of the oxygen transport system was studied in 51 patients subjected to the operative treatment for the complicated ulcerous disease. The general inhalation anesthesia by fluothane resulting in a decreased oxygen transport might limit the adequate metabolism. The general intravenous anesthesia by sodium hydroxybutyrate is followed by a true hypometabolic effect without any decrease in the efficiency of the cardio-vascular, system and disorders in the functional capacity of the oxygen transport system. PMID- 7123759 TI - [Characteristics of the treatment of the middle-aged and elderly with acute gastrointestinal hemorrhages of peptic etiology]. PMID- 7123758 TI - [Repeat interventions in arteriovenous fistulae for chronic hemodialysis]. AB - The authors have analyzed causes of disturbances of functions of arterio-venous fistulas (AVF) for chronic hemodialysis in 30 patients requiring repeated operations (fistula thromboses, suppurations, slow blood flow in the vein etc.). They recommend a preserving method of treatment of complications in AVF. Different variants of repeated operations are described depending on the individual cause of disturbances of the AVF functions. PMID- 7123760 TI - [Repeat surgical interventions after operations on the abdominal organs]. PMID- 7123757 TI - [Characteristics of treatment of patients with breast cancer and diabetes mellitus]. AB - The clinical course and results of radical mastectomy in 17 patients with associated diabetes mellitus (2,9% of all the patients operated during 5 years) are analyzed. The authors describe certain peculiarities of this group of patients: a mild course of diabetes mellitus, nodular type of growth and high degree of differentiation of the tumor. Correction of diabetes mellitus before and after operation is found to prevent complications in the postoperative period. PMID- 7123761 TI - [Phases in the development and clinical forms of acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 7123763 TI - [Differential diagnostic significance of the morphological dissociation reaction of coagulated blood in acute appendicitis and right-sided renal colic]. PMID- 7123762 TI - [Pathogenesis of functional liver failure in acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 7123764 TI - [Surgical treatment of typhoid peritonitis]. AB - Under observation were 17 patients with typhoid peritonitis. The authors describe some specific features of the clinical course of this complication. The necessary method of treatment is thought to be an urgent operation with suturing the perforated ulcer and peritonization of all the ulcers found or a resection of the injured portion of the intestine, peritoneal dialysis, drainage of the thoracic lymph duct and intensive transfusion therapy in the postoperative period. Eleven patients recovered, six patients died. PMID- 7123765 TI - [Prevention of adhesive disease]. PMID- 7123767 TI - [Late results of the surgical treatment of varicose veins of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7123768 TI - [Femorotibial shunting in the treatment of severe ischemia of the extremity]. PMID- 7123766 TI - [Surgical procedure in combined postthrombotic and varicose diseases of the lower extremities]. AB - Combinations of the varicose and postthrombotic diseases of lower extremities were observed in 105 patients. Different kinds of operations are recommended according to phlebography data. Venectomy, subtotal subfascial ligation of the perforating veins and anastomoses are indicated in most cases. The individual approach to the choice of the operation volume enabled the authors to get good results in 70% of the operated patients. Repeated courses of the conservative therapy are indicated to all the patients after operations. PMID- 7123769 TI - [Central and peripheral circulation in arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower extremities before and after surgical treatment]. AB - The authors have studied changes in hemodynamics by the method of integral rheography of the body and radioisotopic study of the time of bloodflow in 110 patients with obliterating atherosclerosis who were subjected to sympathectomy or reconstructive operations on the vessels. The positive effect of operations manifested itself in improvement of the central and regional hemodynamics. PMID- 7123771 TI - [Yersiniasis in emergency surgery]. PMID- 7123770 TI - [Correction of lymph flow disturbance following radical mastectomy]. AB - Results of operations for the lympho-venous anastomosis in 50 patients were analyzed. The operation was shown to correct the lymph flow in patients with secondary lymphatic edemas of upper extremities. Good results were obtained in 15 patients, satisfactory results in 28 patients. More careful selection of the patients, improvement of the operation technique are the ways to get better results of the operation. PMID- 7123772 TI - [Reparative surgery in the rupture of a splenic artery aneurysm]. PMID- 7123774 TI - [Gangrenous cholecystitis in a patient with electric burns]. PMID- 7123773 TI - [Changes in the coagulation properties of tissues of the chest cavity and bronchial stump after the removal of a lung]. AB - Experiments in dogs have shown that ablation of one lung is followed by increased coagulative activity and decreased fibrinolytic activity of tissues of the thoracic cavity, devoid of pleura which is responsible for better formation of coagulated hemo-and fibrinothorax. The balloon pleural obturator is shown to change coagulative properties of the tissues thus preventing blood coagulation and fibrin formation. Bringing of fibrin to the bronchus stump contributes to hermetization of the bronchus stump. PMID- 7123775 TI - [Cancer of the gallbladder complicated by intraperitoneal hemorrhage]. PMID- 7123777 TI - [Possible variant in the surgical treatment of necrosis of the downward transposed sigmoid]. PMID- 7123776 TI - [Associated perforation of Meckel's diverticulum and phlegmonous appendicitis]. PMID- 7123778 TI - [Surgical treatment of acute embologenic iliofemoral venous thrombosis in the late term of pregnancy]. PMID- 7123780 TI - [Hyperbaric oxygenation in preventing complications in the acute period of craniocerebral injury]. PMID- 7123781 TI - [Organ-preserving operations in traumatic splenic injuries]. PMID- 7123779 TI - [Clinico-morphological studies of shock lung using transthoracic puncture biopsy]. PMID- 7123782 TI - [Repeat operations in intestinal invagination in children]. AB - Having analyzed results of the treatment of 151 children with intussusception the authors made a conclusion that an irrational choice of the operation volume, wrong assessment of the viability of the intestine during the first operation may be responsible for relaparotomies. The application of transillumination methods of the assessment of the viability of the intestine resulted in rarer repeated operations (9,4% instead of 17,7%). PMID- 7123783 TI - [Anesthesia using "electronarkon-1" apparatus in abdominal surgery]. PMID- 7123785 TI - [Rare complication of endotracheal anesthesia]. PMID- 7123787 TI - [Dynamic pneumocompression in the preoperative preparation of patients with large ventral hernias]. PMID- 7123788 TI - [Obturators for closing external lip-shaped intestinal fistulas]. PMID- 7123784 TI - [Breathing and central hemodynamics in suppurative-destructive diseases of the pleura and lungs]. PMID- 7123786 TI - [Treatment of patients with appendicular infiltrations]. PMID- 7123789 TI - [Topographo-anatomic study of safe areas to insert the pins of compression distraction devices]. PMID- 7123790 TI - [Role of echocardiography in preoperative diagnosis of organic defects of the tricuspid valve in patients with rheumatic mitral heart defects]. AB - The results of investigations by echoCG, ECG, FCG, sphygmography, roentgenography, including cardiac catheterization, of 16 patients with rheumatic mitral-tricuspid disease of the heart were compared. The organic injuries of the tricuspid valves (OITV) were confirmed during operation. With respect to preoperative diagnosis of OITV the sensitivity of echoCG was equal to 94 %, polycardiography--81 %, roentgenography--54 %, cardiac catheterization--94 %. Thus, echoCG proved to be the most accurate method of the primary asanguineous diagnosis of an organic injury of the tricuspid valve. The echocardiographic diagnosis of OITV included the symptoms of constriction of the right atrioventricular orifice and fibrous alterations of the valve cusps. Possible technical errors of the methods in respect to the detection of OITV are discussed. PMID- 7123791 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of pleural empyema in adults]. PMID- 7123792 TI - [Functional and morphologic status of the liver in the presence of focal lesions]. PMID- 7123793 TI - [Use of reconstructive-plastic surgery in the treatment of lung cancer]. AB - A detailed analysis of immediate and late results of reconstructive-plastic operations performed on 387 patients with carcinoma of the lung has been made. Lobectomy with a resection and plasty of bronchi and trachea were fulfilled in 325 patients (84,0 %) and pneumonectomy with a resection of the trachea bifurcation--in 62 patients (16,0 %) with carcinoma of the lung. The authors have studied the question of performing reconstructive-plastic operations for the combined treatment of carcinoma of the lung on 281 patients (72,6 %). The postoperative lethality following pneumonectomy (9,7 %) was not higher than after routine resections of the lung. A 5-year, 10-year and 15-year survival after lobectomy with a resection and plasty of the bronchi and trachea was 60,7. 41,8 and 30,3 % respectively. After pneumonectomy with a resection of the trachea bifurcation the 5-year survival was 20,4 %, 10-year survival was 4 out of 25 patient. Three of 7 patients survived for 15 years. The combined treatment of the lung carcinoma was found to give better results. PMID- 7123794 TI - [Value of duodenokinesography in choosing a method of internal biliary diversion in complicated cholecystitis]. PMID- 7123795 TI - [Method of choledochoenteroanastomosis following pancreatoduodenal resection]. PMID- 7123797 TI - [Topographo-anatomic basis for resection of the small intestine and lowering of portions of the large intestine on the left]. PMID- 7123798 TI - [Clinical picture and diagnosis of postoperative ventral hernias associated with peritoneal adhesions]. PMID- 7123796 TI - [Indications for lymphovenous anastomosis for ascites in cirrhosis of the liver]. AB - The analysis of outcomes after the lymphovenous anastomosis on the neck of 52 patients with ascites due to cirrhosis of the liver are presented. In 16 cases ascites was arrested, in 15 patients there was a considerable elimination of ascites. In 14 cases the lympho-venous anastomosis resulted in stabilization of the ascitic syndrome, in 7 patients operation proved to be ineffective. In the nearest postoperative period 3 patients died. Two patients died of hemorrhage from the varicose-dilated veins of the esophagus an stomach, and one patients died of acute hepatic insufficiency. In the postoperative period and improvement of the functional state of the liver was noted. The authors propose to divide ascites into three stages which allowed to prognose results of the operation in the postoperative period and make the indications more definite. PMID- 7123800 TI - [Cryosurgery in bone oncology]. PMID- 7123799 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of osteoid osteoma]. PMID- 7123801 TI - [Experience with the treatment of Ludwig's angina patients]. PMID- 7123803 TI - [Elimination of the cavity of an echinococcal cyst of the liver by drainage using the lavage-aspiration method]. PMID- 7123802 TI - [Suprainguinal approach to femoral hernia surgery]. PMID- 7123804 TI - [Surgical tactics in multiple injuries based on objective criteria of the severity of the condition of the injured]. PMID- 7123805 TI - [Arthrodesis of intervertebral joints in compression fractures of the vertebrae]. PMID- 7123806 TI - [Successful treatment of wounds of the common carotid artery]. PMID- 7123807 TI - [Gunshot wound of the abdominal aorta]. PMID- 7123808 TI - [Suppurative-necrotic parapancreatitis of traumatic origin]. PMID- 7123809 TI - The veterinary surgeon and the farmer: a farmer's viewpoint. PMID- 7123810 TI - Pigs: the development of an industry. PMID- 7123811 TI - Poultry production: from backyard to batteries. PMID- 7123812 TI - The veterinarian and animal nutrition. PMID- 7123813 TI - Breed susceptibility to infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. PMID- 7123814 TI - Phenylbutazone in the horse. PMID- 7123816 TI - Gingivitis in Maltese terriers. PMID- 7123815 TI - Dermatitis from carpet cleaner. PMID- 7123817 TI - Diarrhoea in goat kids attributed to cryptosporidium infection. PMID- 7123818 TI - Retinol values in the plasma of stabled thoroughbred horses in training. PMID- 7123819 TI - Eimeria tenella resistant to arprinocid. PMID- 7123821 TI - Pharmacokinetics of antibacterials in calves. PMID- 7123820 TI - Nasopharyngeal polyps in cats. PMID- 7123822 TI - Experimentally induced toxoplasmosis in young rams: the clinical syndrome and semen secretion of toxoplasma. AB - Six rams were inoculated subcutaneously with 2000 toxoplasma tissue cysts. Semen samples from these rams, and from three uninfected controls, were screened for the presence of infective forms of toxoplasma. Three of the infected rams produced infective semen, each on two occasions, between 14 and 26 days post infection (pi). Five of the infected rams showed a febrile response from the fourth to 10th days pi and their indirect haemagglutination titres rose sharply from 10 days pi; the sixth ram was seropositive before infection and showed no clinical or serological response. In the experimental infection studied there were no symptoms or haematological changes of possible diagnostic value. The production of infective semen was restricted to a brief period shortly after infection although observations were continued for over 90 days. It was concluded that venereal transmission was unlikely to be significant in the spread of ovine toxoplasmosis. PMID- 7123823 TI - Immunopotentiating effect of levamisole in the prevention of bovine mastitis, fetal death and endometritis. PMID- 7123824 TI - Isolation of Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo from aborted bovine fetuses in England. PMID- 7123825 TI - Tracheal hypoplasia in the English bulldog. PMID- 7123826 TI - Studies on the efficacy of a pellet formulation of fenbendazole in pigs. PMID- 7123827 TI - Isolation of Leptospira interrogans serovar muenchen from a sow with a history of abortion. AB - The isolation of Leptospira interrogans serovar muenchen from a sow which aborted in the first third of pregnancy is described. Isolation was achieved only in media containing a rabbit serum additive and identification was determined by cross-agglutination absorption. A high degree of cross-reactivity was found with reference antisera of the Australis serogroup. Serovar muenchen has not previously been reported in animals and may be responsible for a proportion of the titres to antigens of the Australis serogroup that have recently been reported in pigs in England. PMID- 7123828 TI - Effect of progesterone treatment on the calving-to-conception interval of Friesian dairy cows. AB - A total of 615 autumn calving Friesian dairy cows in seven herds were allocated to treatment or control groups according to date of previous calving, parity and milk yield. All cows were scored for body condition at the start of the breeding season. A silastic coil impregnated with progesterone with a capsule containing oestradiol benzoate attached was inserted into the vaginas of the 310 treated cows. The coils were removed after 12 days and cows inseminated 48 and 72 hours later. Cows more than 47 days post partum were inseminated on the first day of the breeding season. Thereafter, cows were inseminated on a weekly basis when between 47 to 54 days post partum. The 305 control cows were observed from 42 days post partum and inseminated when observed to be in oestrus. In both groups, cows returning to service were reinseminated at observed oestrus. Pregnancy was diagnosed by milk progesterone assay and by rectal palpation. The mean intervals to first service were 74.8 days for the treated and 90.4 days for control cows. No significant differences were found in the pregnancy rates to first service, services per conception or barren percentage for treated and control groups respectively. The mean calving-to-conception intervals differed significantly, 93.1 days for treated and 107.3 days for control cows. There was no significant association between condition scores and either pregnancy rates to first service, barren percentage or calving-to-conception intervals. PMID- 7123830 TI - Improved selective medium for isolation of the contagious equine metritis organism. PMID- 7123829 TI - Intestinal coronavirus-like particles in sheep with diarrhoea. PMID- 7123832 TI - Necrotising glomerulopathy in cats euthanased with ketamine hydrochloride and sodium pentobarbitone. PMID- 7123831 TI - Clinical and serological response of pregnant gimmers to experimentally induced toxoplasmosis. AB - Thirty-five Scottish blackface gimmers in mid or late pregnancy were infected with Toxoplasma gondii by subcutaneous injection of 2000 tissue cysts. Approximately half the gimmers developed a mild febrile response between eight and 10 days after infection but were otherwise unaffected until lambing. Only seven gimmers lambed without loss; in the remainder abortions and neonatal deaths accounted for 27 of the 31 lambs born. These losses occurred predominantly among gimmers which had been infected in mid pregnancy. Antibody titres in the toxoplasma indirect haemagglutination test rose sharply after the 10th day post infection and remained high for over 200 days. The majority of abortions and neonatal deaths occurred after the 40th day post infection by which time mean indirect haemagglutination titres had exceeded 1/320. PMID- 7123833 TI - Haemoglobin binding capacity of serum as an indicator of infection in the horse. PMID- 7123834 TI - Effects of feeding lactating sows an iron-rich diet on piglet haematology and growth rates. PMID- 7123835 TI - Hip luxation in small animals: an evaluation of some methods of treatment. AB - The results of closed manipulative reduction and De Vita pinning in the treatment of small animal hip luxations have been analysed. Closed reduction is worth attempting as an initial form of treatment even in chronic luxations, but successful relocation may require more than one manipulative reduction. Inadequate placement of De Vita pins or their early migration predisposes to reluxation. Hip luxations are prone to reluxation during the eight weeks following reduction. PMID- 7123836 TI - Molluscicidal effects of eucalyptus. PMID- 7123837 TI - Swan deaths. PMID- 7123838 TI - Cobalt concentrations in equine serum. PMID- 7123839 TI - Metaldehyde and paraquat poisoning. PMID- 7123842 TI - The use of a cathodic antigen in the immunoelectrophoretic serodiagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus in sheep. AB - An antigen was prepared from purified sheep hydatid-cyst fluid by gel-filtration on Sephadex G-200 followed by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. In each case the first-peak material was used. This antigen, which migrated cathodically, was concentrated and used in immunoelectrophoretic analyses of 4X concentrated sera from sheep experimentally and naturally infected with Echinococcus granulosus and from uninfected sheep. Of 34 sheep with E. granulosus infection 31 were positive with the cathodic antigen while of 85 sheep with E. granulosus 8 were (falsely) positive. Many false positives appeared to be associated with heavy infections of Taenia ovis or T. hydatigena larvae. The "arc 5' immunoelectrophoresis test, which is the most specific immuno-diagnostic test for echinococcus infection in humans, was not able to specifically identify E. granulosus infections in sheep. PMID- 7123841 TI - The effect of T-2 toxin on the bovine immune system: cellular factors. AB - The effect of T-2 toxin, a Fusarium metabolite, on the bovine cellular defense (immune) system was evaluated during high levels, chronic administration. The administration of T-2 toxin to calves at the rate of 0.6 mg/kg/day was associated with significant depression of lymphocyte responses to mitogens and significant decreases in chemotaxic migration of neutrophils. PMID- 7123840 TI - Herbal medicine. PMID- 7123843 TI - Canine lymphocyte cultures in vitro: evaluation of peripheral blood lymphocyte response to mitogens. AB - Lymphocytes from dog peripheral blood have been stimulated in vitro with 3 different mitogens (Con A, PHA and PWM). Culture medium was RPMI 1640 enriched with either autologous plasma, fetal calf serum of a newly described defined serum substitute. In such cultures the number of surviving and activated cells was measured by cytofluorometry and the proliferation was assessed by thymidine incorporation. In unstimulated cultures, up to 70% of all cells had disappeared (died) during the first 42 hours of incubation, whereas the number of viable cells was reduced to 50-60% in mitogen stimulated cultures. Of the surviving lymphocytes, between 25-40% of the cells appeared to have an elevated RNA-content (activated or G1 cells). By comparison between thymidine incorporation and number of mitogen induced G1 cells, a very high correlation was found (r=0.92). However, the Slope of the regression line was much lower than expected. The low thymidine incorporation per activated cell was primarily related to the high cell death and a resulting dilution of tritiated thymidine. Indeed, preliminary results suggested that the same thymidine incorporation per G1b cells could be obtained if peripheral blood lymphocytes were washed immediately before pulsing as could be obtained with lymph node cells without washing. PMID- 7123844 TI - Papillary thyroid carcinomas. Morphology and prognosis. AB - It is generally believed that the histological pattern of papillary thyroid carcinomas has no influence on the course of the disease. However, we were puzzled by the evidence differences in the clinical course of these tumours and decided to re-examine all microscopic specimens available at the Institute of Pathology of the University of Zurich. These had been obtained from 169 surgical cases operated on between 1962 and 1977. We classified the material according to precise morphological criteria and matched it with a number of clinical and catamnestic data in order to determine which parameters correspond best with the development of the disease. Although the fate of patients below 50 years of age is slightly more favourable than that of older subjects, age is by no means the most important factor. In fact, the prognosis correlates significantly better with the initial local extension of the primary tumour (occult, intrathyroid or extrathyroid). Furthermore, this parameter is closely related to the histological pattern of our various papillary carcinoma subtypes which we graded according to differentiation. All factors considered, the morphological pattern appears to offer a rewarding approach to the provision of an accurate prognosis. PMID- 7123845 TI - Experimental diffuse intimal thickening of the femoral arteries in the rabbit. PMID- 7123846 TI - Arrest and extravasation of neoplastic cells. An electron microscopy study of serial sections at sequential stages. AB - The morphological aspects of the arrest and extravasation of malignant cells of human origin (K-562 cell line) in the lungs of athymic (nude) and asplenic athymic (lasat) mice were studied by electron microscopy examination of serial sections. The specimens were obtained at sequential stages after the sc inoculation into newborn mice of 10(7) malignant cells. K-562 cells (10(5)) were also injected iv into control groups of nude and lasat mice to assess the influence of the route of inoculation on the in vivo behavior of K-562 cells. Our results demonstrated that K-562 cells were arrested and proliferated within the pulmonary capillaries without the participation of platelets or fibrin. The neoplastic cells extravasated by attrition and penetration of the endothelium (rather than by diapedesis) and continued to proliferate in the interstitial tissue of the lung, developing into neoplastic nodules. Following iv injection, K 562 cells induced the formation of platelet-tumor cell aggregates within the pulmonary capillaries. However, under these conditions, the neoplastic cells did not adhere to the endothelium nor did they proliferate or extravasate. These aggregates were flushed out by the circulation, restoring the permeability of the capillaries. PMID- 7123847 TI - Morphometry and cytodiagnosis of breast lesions. AB - Cells aspirated from breast lesions and smeared on slides were subjected to computer assisted morphometric analysis. Three groups of cases were studied. The first were those collected from patients with known benign and malignant lesions. The second group were 143 unselected consecutive aspirates from breast lesions and the third, a group with a needle aspirate cytodiagnosis "suspicious of malignancy". The analysis showed the malignant cells to have larger nuclei with more anisokaryosis and more variation in the nuclear cytoplasmic ratios when compared with benign cells. When this form of semiautomatic analysis was applied to the "suspicious" group the accuracy of cytodiagnosis was improved. PMID- 7123848 TI - Primary sarcoma of the gallbladder. A light and electronmicroscopical study. AB - Six Swedish cases of primary sarcoma of the gallbladder from the period 1958-1973 and 1 case from 1975 were studied by light and electron microscopy. the literature was reviewed for the period after 1970. Ultrastructural features of sarcoma were investigated in order to exclude poorly differentiated carcinoma. One case was considered to be an embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, three cases leiomyosarcoma and two were diagnosed as fibrosarcoma. One case, diagnosed as sarcoma of the gallbladder by light microscopy, was omitted because electron microscopical examination revealed a squamous cell carcinoma. PMID- 7123849 TI - Congenital "histiocytoid" cardiomyopathy: evidence suggesting a developmental disorder of the Purkinje cell system of the heart. AB - The so-called "histiocytoid cardiomyopathy" is an unusual cardiac disorder of infancy and childhood, characterized by the presence of numerous foamy, lipid containing cells between the endocardium and the striated myocardial cells of the left ventricle and the interventricular septum. The disease usually affects females, the clinical picture being dominated by severe disturbances of conduction. The original designations of the disorder stem from the morphological resemblance of the foamy cells to lipid-laden histiocytes. However, subsequent investigations have shown these cells to contain myofibrils interposed with Z lines. It has, therefore, been suspected that the leading cell population might be related to the myocardium. Using a histochemical method for the demonstration of cholinesterase activity in the foamy cells, we present evidence that "histiocytoid" cardiomyopathy may in fact correspond to a maldevelopment of the Purkinje cell system of the heart. PMID- 7123851 TI - Papillary mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis propria testis. Case report and ultrastructural study. AB - Ultrastructural features of a papillary mesothelioma arising in a hydrocele-sack are reported. The tumour cells presented numerous microvilli, desmosomes, basement membranes and abundant bundles of microfilaments, which all are hallmarks of mesotheliomas. The predominant cell type was the "clear epithelial cell", but transitional cells and degenerative forms (foamy cells) were also found. The morphology and differential diagnosis of mesothelial tumours arising in the tunica vaginalis propria testis are discussed. PMID- 7123850 TI - Ultrastructural study of conventional chondrosarcomas and myxoid- and mesenchymal chondrosarcomas. AB - Five cases of conventional chondrosarcomas (CS.) of graded malignancy, 3 cases of myxoid CS. and 2 cases of mesenchymal CS. were studied by electron-microscopy. The chondrocyte like tumor cells of conventional CS. were characterized by: an ovoid shape, eccentric nucleus, abundant endoplasmic reticulum with dilated cisternae of RER; cytoplasmic glycogen, lipid droplets, and filaments plus numerous thin cytoplasmic projections. The histologically high grade tumors showed fewer cytoplasmic organelles, bizarre nuclei and more prominent nucleoli than the better differentiated ones. The tumor cells of myxoid CS. were chiefly fusiform. The cells frequently presented a pattern of rows with good cellular cohesion, and scanty cytoplasmic projections. The most prominent cytoplasmic feature was a conspicuous RER. Abundant cytoplasmic filaments and cytoplasmic glycogen were also observed. The undifferentiated areas of the mesenchymal CS. showed primitive mesenchymal cells with rounded nuclei, and scanty cytoplasm which was poor in organelles and glycogen. The cytoplasmic membranes were very cohesive and cytoplasmic projections were not present. Scanty cytoplasmic filaments and conspicuous desmosome like junctions were observed. The intercellular matrix of conventional and myxoid CS. consisted of fibrils, glycosaminoglycan granules and collagen fibers. In the undifferentiated zones of the mesenchymal CS. the intercellular matrix was very scanty and did not contain collagen fibrils. The more immature cells correspond to the small undifferentiated cells of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. PMID- 7123853 TI - The sequence at the termini of four genes of the three reovirus serotypes. PMID- 7123852 TI - A comparison of the 26 S mRNAs and structural proteins of an equine virulent venezuelan encephalitis virus and its vaccine derivative. PMID- 7123854 TI - Conservation of tryptic peptides in the structural proteins of viruses in the Venezuelan equine encephalitis complex. PMID- 7123856 TI - Scanning open and closed polygons. AB - The process of selection of target points during voluntary eye movements when contoured polygonal shapes with open and closed angles are observed was analysed in humans by means of an eye recording technique. It has been found for both types of stimuli that the majority of fixation points where located at angles and that the mean value of distribution was found to be more distant from the vertex for acute angles than for obtuse ones. In this respect a difference was found between open and closed contours. In the former case the mean values of fixation point distribution were more distant from the vertex and the dispersion of eye fixation was greater. PMID- 7123857 TI - Spectral dimorphism of crayfish visual pigment in solution. AB - Crayfish (Procambarus) photoreceptor membranes were prepared by a new technique. Digitonin extracts made at 0 degrees contain two rhodopsin-like pigments, P562 and P512, in a ratio of about 5:4. On exposure to light at 10 degrees C, P562 is converted to a metarhodopsin-like photoproduct with lambda max at 515 nm (M515), and P512 is converted to a metarhodopsin-like photoproduct with lambda max at 475 nm (M475). When warmed to 22 degrees C, both photoproducts bleach in minutes to retinal and opsin. Neither P562 nor P512 is attacked by hydroxylamine, but both are destroyed by the detergent Ammonyx LO and by reduction of disulfide bridges with 2-mercaptoethanol. Neither is altered by changing the concentration of Cl-. P562 is more susceptible than P512 to thermal denaturation and attack by OH-, and its spectrum is distinctly narrower than predicted by an Ebrey-Honig nomogram. P562 and P512 do not interconvert, either in the dark or in the presence of light. P512 is distinct from M515; it is substantially more stable at 22 degrees C and has a 23% smaller molar extinction coefficient. On the other hand, M515 is spectrally very similar to the single metarhodopsin that is formed by irradiation of rhabdoms from dark-adapted crayfish. As neither P562 nor P512 is found by irradiation of rhabdoms from dark-adapted crayfish. As neither P562 nor P512 is found in crayfish rhabdoms, we conclude that both pigments are created in digitonin micelles from a spectrally and kinetically homogeneous population of rhodopsin molecules with lambda max near 530 nm in the rhabdom. PMID- 7123855 TI - Color discrimination at threshold: the approach through increment threshold sensitivity. AB - A close correlation between Stiles's increment threshold (pi-mechanism) approach and color discrimination at threshold was found: a sharp transition from detection of two lights via two pi-mechanisms (pi 1 and pi 4) to detection via only one pi-mechanism (pi 1) was paralleled by a sharp decline from excellent discrimination between those two lights (even with the rods bleached) to no discrimination. This parallel between detection and discrimination suggests that Stiles's approach can isolate single visual pathways with distinct perceptual correlates. PMID- 7123859 TI - Changes in the human visually evoked cortical potential in response to chromatic modulation of a sinusoidal grating. AB - Human visually evoked cortical potentials (VECPs) were recorded from 4 subjects in response to the counterphase alternation of an equal brightness chromatic grating pattern. The pattern was constructed from 2 monochromatic sinusoidal gratings registered 180 deg out of phase. Eleven wavelengths from 450 to 650 nm (at 20 nm intervals) were used. Each wavelength was paired in the grating stimulus with every other to produce a total of 55 different chromatic gratings. The chromatic modulation depth (contrast) of each grating was varied and resulting VECPs were recorded. VECP amplitude was found to vary linearly with log chromatic modulation depth. VECP threshold values were inferred by extrapolation of linear regression lines to zero VECP amplitude. Chromatic modulation sensitivity functions were derived and a multidimensional scaling analysis of the data for each subject was performed. The data were adequately described by a two dimensional geometric configuration of the 11 wavelengths used. The configurations were similar in shape to those obtained psychophysically by Butler and Riggs (1978) Vision Res. 18, 1407-1416, who used a similar stimulus pattern. Their shapes are consistent with an opponent-color model of color vision. PMID- 7123858 TI - The contrast sensitivity of human infants to gratings differing in duty cycle. AB - Human infants' contrast thresholds for rectangular wave gratings differing in duty cycle were measured. The forced-choice preferential looking technique was used to estimate thresholds in fifteen 8- to 10-week old infants. The results indicated that contrast threshold varied systematically with duty cycle. Our findings were consistent with the predictions of a linear, multiple channel model and one version of a linear, single channel model but were inconsistent with the predictions of a contour density and another version of a single channel model. PMID- 7123860 TI - Wavelength-discrimination behavior in the grasshopper Phlaeoba. AB - The grasshopper Phlaeoba sp. has ocular filters that are arranged in discrete retinal bands. These filters modify the spectra of some of its photoreceptors, all of which are apparently filled with the same resident photopigment. The receptor response differences produced by the ocular filters provide a potential basis for wavelength discrimination. Behavioral tests of wavelength discrimination in Phlaeoba were therefore run; they confirmed earlier qualitative findings that indicated that Phlaeoba can discriminate between visual stimuli on the basis of wavelength cues and quantitatively showed that the behavioral preference is proportional to the receptor spectral difference. Tests of animals with indistinct retinal bands indicated that wavelength discrimination was reduced in this variant but was still quantitatively related to the receptor spectra. These data suggest that the filter-mediated color vision hypothesis applies in the case of Phlaeoba. PMID- 7123862 TI - Contrast influence on perceived orientation. AB - When two gratings of slightly different orientation and equal contrast are presented dichoptically the observer perceives a unique fused grating at an orientation intermediate between the two (cyclofusion). We show here that if the contrast of the two gratings is different the perceived orientation of the fused grating depends on the relative contrast of the two monocular images. The results show that the perceived orientation varies linearly with the contrast difference, provided that the contrast values of the gratings presented to each eye are such as to give rise to a fused image. In these conditions, the perceived orientation is the average of the two monocular orientations, weighted with their contrast. PMID- 7123863 TI - Binocular rivalry: suppression depends on orientation and spatial frequency. AB - In binocular rivalry the time during which different stimuli are perceived depends--amongst other things--on their spatial frequency (sf) contents, on contrast and on orientation. Limiting the sf-range of both periodic and aperiodic stimuli in different ways (while keeping the contrast constant) decreased their predominance. This result seems to corroborate the concept of spatial frequency channels in human vision. Decreasing the contrast also decreased predominance. Thus blurred patterns are suppressed by sharply focused ones because of both their lower contrast and their loss of high sf's. This has consequences for the therapy of strabismic amblyopia. Obliquely oriented patterns were almost as dominant as vertical ones and much more than horizontal ones. Instead of a conventional "oblique-effect" we found a "vertical-effect". PMID- 7123861 TI - Characteristics of retinal-binding proteins from the honeybee retina. AB - Spectrophotometric studies were performed on two water soluble retinal-binding proteins isolated from honeybee retina. Both pigments, B and C, absorb maximally at about 440 nm. Pigment B is bleached by light to a photoproduct with lambda max at about 370 nm. This pigment reacts with hydroxylamine in the dark to form a product with an absorbance maximum at 360 nm, whereas with cyanoborohydride it reacts only in the light forming a product with lambda max at about 330 nm. Irradiation of pigment C also leads to the formation of a photoproduct with lambda max at about 370 nm but, in contrast to that of pigment B, it reconverts to its 440 nm-form during the following dark period. The results obtained by changing the pH of the extracts support the hypothesis that all-trans retinal binds to each protein via a Schiff base linkage (pK of 8.4). The data are discussed with relation to the physiological role pigment B could play in the visual cycle of honeybees. PMID- 7123864 TI - Meridional variations in acuity and CSF's in monkeys (Macaca nemestrina) reared with externally applied astigmatism. AB - Infant macaque monkeys have been raised under such conditions that all visual experience was obtained while looking through a cylindrical lens. When tested at older ages, these monkeys were found to have meridional differences in acuity and contrast sensitivity. The direction of the differences were predictable on the basis of the defocus produced by the rearing condition. The data support the theory, previously suggested on the basis of clinical and correlational studies, that astigmatism is a major cause factor in the occurrence of meridional amblyopia. PMID- 7123865 TI - Color-contingent tilt aftereffect: spatial frequency specificity. AB - The stimulus specificities of the color-contingent tilt aftereffect resemble those involved in the McCollough aftereffect, with the major exception that the magnitude of the former increases monotonically with the spatial frequency of matched inducing and test gratings; this monotonic increase is not found for the achromatic tilt aftereffect. Like the McCollough aftereffect, the color contingent tilt aftereffect is tuned to the spatial frequency of the inducing gratings and can be induced on both oblique and main axes of the retina. PMID- 7123866 TI - Effects of reference lines on displacement thresholds at various durations of movement. AB - Displacement thresholds were determined for durations of movement between 10 msec and 2.5 sec, with and without the presence of a reference line. For all durations of movement, displacement thresholds were lower when a reference line was present. The magnitude of this effect was essentially constant across all durations of movement. These data suggest that previous reports of differential effects of reference lines on long and short durations of movement depend upon the stimulus paradigm employed. PMID- 7123867 TI - Summation of rod and cone responses at absolute threshold. AB - Visual thresholds were measured for rod stimuli, cone stimuli and mixtures of rod and cone stimuli. Comparisons of the rod and cone thresholds to the corresponding components of the mixed-stimulus thresholds revealed summation between subthreshold rod and cone responses. The amount of summation was less than linear addition but greater than either probability summation of orthogonal vector addition. PMID- 7123868 TI - Stabilized vision through a bleaching window. AB - The visibility of stimuli flickering at low temporal frequencies was studied with images viewed normally and when stabilized by a new technique (bleached-window stabilization) that produces perfectly stabilized images without attachment to the eye. Contrary to expectation, sensitivity to low-frequency flicker was higher in the stabilized than in the unstabilized case. Several controls exclude the possibility that the paradoxical increase in sensitivity is an artefact of the new technique, and suggest that, in normal viewing, transient activity created by fixational eye-movements can mask the signals arising from the low-frequency flicker. PMID- 7123869 TI - Color vision in the peripheral retina under photopic conditions. AB - Chromaticities of spectral colors were measured during the cone-plateau period at 17 degrees, 25 degrees, 40 degrees and 60 degrees in the nasal field of view and at 40 degrees and 70 degrees in the temporal field. The results obtained in the nasal field show a progressive contraction of the color gamut with distance from the fovea with maximum shrinkage in the middle-wave region. Color discrimination in the temporal field of view was found to be much better developed than in the nasal field. Thus, all the primary hues were clearly observable at 70 degrees temporally. The exceptionally good color discrimination obtained in the present study is explained on the assumption that only cones are effectively excited upon stimulation during the cone-plateau period. PMID- 7123871 TI - Does segregation of differently moving areas depend on relative or absolute displacement? AB - We have examined the occurrence of segregation in random dot kinematograms in which a central patch of dots, and the surrounding area, were each coherently displaced, either in the same or opposite directions (Fig. 1), by varying amounts. The limiting displacement for segregation to occur is determined primarily by the displacement of each region alone, rather than the relative displacement of neighbouring regions (Fig 2). We conclude that the "correspondence problem" is solved by means of a short range motion detection process acting on each region separately; segregation is achieved by comparing the results of this process for adjacent regions. PMID- 7123872 TI - Ratfish retina--intracellular recordings and HRP injections in an isolated, superfused all-rod retina. AB - Hyperpolarizing responses to light were studied by intracellular recording in the isolated, superfused retina of the ratfish (Hydrolagus colliei). Two of these hyperpolarizing units were identified as horizontal cells by iontophoretic injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). These cells had rather large cell bodies (15 x 30 micrometer), elliptical dendritic arborizations measuring 150 x 300 micrometers and no axons. Since their physiological receptive fields were found to be at least 2.15 mm in diameter, it appears likely that either the photoreceptors or the horizontal cells are electrically coupled. Electron microscopy of HRP-injected horizontal cells showed their dendrites to end laterally in ribbon synapses of rods only and revealed dendro-dendritic contacts resembling gap junctions between injected and uninjected horizontal cells. The spectral sensitivity function of a dark-adapted horizontal cell can be described by a Dartnall nomogram based on a retinene pigment with lambda max = 473 nm. These findings are consistent with the histological observation that the ratfish retina appears to contain only rod photoreceptors. PMID- 7123873 TI - Hyperacuity for luminance phase angle in the human visual system. AB - A moving target with identical trajectories in the two eyes appeared shifted in depth if flickered with a phase difference between the eyes. The direction of the depth shift was the same as if the phase-lagging eye had been seeing the target with a spatial advance in the direction of target motion. Maximum acuity for this effect was in the region of 7 deg of phase angle, which may be expressed as a spatial difference between corresponding luminance points of about 13 sec arc. Acuity was approximately constant over a wide range of modulation periods from 50 to 150 msec when expressed in terms of phase angle, but fell off rapidly at higher and at lower frequencies. The results cannot be explained simply by either conventional disparity theory or by spatio-temporal interpolation, but suggest that inter-ocular correspondence is influenced by dynamic luminance information. PMID- 7123870 TI - Bezold-Brucke phenomenon of the far peripheral retina. AB - The Bezold-Brucke phenomenon was measured during the cone-plateau period of the long-term dark-adaptation curve at 25 degrees, 40 degrees and 60 degrees in the nasal field of view, and at 40 degrees and 70 degrees in the temporal field. In striking contrast to previous measurements of the B-B phenomenon the present results generally show that an increase of the luminance level in the middle- and long-wave regions of the spectrum produces, respectively, a trend toward green and red instead of toward yellow. The present results are explained on neural rather than on photochemical mechanisms. PMID- 7123874 TI - [Applicability of statistical data in the evaluation of morbidity of familial cancer of the stomach]. PMID- 7123875 TI - [Surgical and combination therapy of recurrent cancer of the rectum]. PMID- 7123877 TI - [Indices of cellular and humoral immunity in patients with melanobalstoma]. PMID- 7123876 TI - [Blood insulin level in patients with malignant tumors]. PMID- 7123878 TI - [Results of tests for carcinogenic, teratogenic and embryotoxic action of remantadin]. PMID- 7123879 TI - [Onkologic service in kazakhstan during the 60 years of the existence of the USSR]. PMID- 7123880 TI - [Nicotine stimulation of the carcinogenic effect of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrozoguanidine]. PMID- 7123881 TI - [Secondary edematous form of breast cancer]. PMID- 7123882 TI - [Hemorrhage in lung cancer (clinica, aspects, treatment plan)]. PMID- 7123883 TI - [Exploratory thoracotomy in lung cancer (clinico-roentgenomorphologic analysis of cases of inoperability)]. PMID- 7123884 TI - [Intracellular contact hepatocytes in carcinogenesis in the lung induced by ortho aminoazototoluene]. PMID- 7123886 TI - [Ultrastructural characteristics of the basic types of cancer cells in tumors of the large intestine in man]. PMID- 7123885 TI - [Pathways of lymphogenic metastasis from stomach cancer following Billroth II resection]. PMID- 7123887 TI - [Methods of analyzing information about cancer patients]. PMID- 7123888 TI - [Treatment and prevention of urinary tract radical rectal during radical operations for rectal cancer]. PMID- 7123889 TI - [The role of steroid homeostasis in the pathogenesis of cancer of the uterine cervix]. PMID- 7123890 TI - [Clonal structure of ascitic carcinoma of the rat ovary]. PMID- 7123891 TI - [Effect of diet therapy on iron metabolism in chronic kidney disease]. AB - A modified Giordano-Giovanetti diet has a beneficial therapeutic effect in the treatment of azotemia and uremia. The diet is capable of maintaining nitrogenous equilibrium for a long period of time. However, the chemical composition of the diet does not meet iron requirements of patients with chronic renal diseases. Besides, the quantitative ratio of the ingredients such as proteins and carbohydrates has an adverse effect on iron absorption, the greatest portion of iron contained by the diet is bound with products of plant origin and absorbed by the body to a negligible degree. It is recommended that the diet suggested be supplemented with readily available iron preparations. PMID- 7123892 TI - [Reliability of the questionnaire method of studying nutrition]. AB - The authors studied the significance of the one-day questionnaire method in a randomized sample of men aged 40-59 years, living in one of the districts of Moscow. The questionnaire was performed twice by the same physicians, with an interval averaging 26.3 +/- 7.5 months between the first and second questionnaire. The examinees did not receive any recommendations as to the changes in the nutrition pattern. Analysis of the mean magnitudes of food consumption revealed no significant differences in the parameters under consideration (consumption of protein, fat and fatty acids, carbohydrates including qualitatively different carbohydrates, alcohol, cholesterol and caloricity). Consideration of the pair ratios of the correlation between the characteristics of the foods under study demonstrated a statistical significance of the correlations of the magnitudes that reflect the consumption of total fat, saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, starch, alcohol and overall caloricity. Thus, the one-day questionnaire method provides significant results upon an analysis of the group data on the whole. Meanwhile an analysis of individual food consumption also demonstrates the significance of the consumption characteristics with respect to some of the foods. PMID- 7123893 TI - [Effect of a liquid acidophilic mixture on the intestinal microbiocenosis of infant patients in the 1st months of life]. AB - The effect of a liquid acidophilic mixture on intestinal biocenosis was studied in 10 premature infants aged 19 days to 1 1/2 months (Group I) with focal inflammation and neurological disorders after hypoxia in the perinatal period, and in 11 children aged 19 days to 3 1/2 months (Group II) with sepsis and intestinal diseases of staphylococcal, proteus and obscure etiology. Before application of the mixture, all the children demonstrated microbiocenosis disorders which were more remarkable in Group II. The liquid acidophilic mixture was shown to have a correcting action as regards lactobacilli, and the quantitative and qualitative composition of intestinal bacteria. The correcting effect exhibited by the mixture was found inadequate to neutralize an adverse effect of the infectious process and intense antibiotic therapy and chemotherapy on intestinal microbiocenosis in children of the first months of life suffering from sepsis and intestinal diseases, provided the mixture was used for 11-20 days. PMID- 7123896 TI - [Effect of an imbalance in the fat component of the diet on the lipolytic activity and stability of the lysosomal membranes of different rat tissues]. AB - The authors studied the effect of prolonged (7 months) keeping of the animals on the diet with an excess amount of fat (50% of butter) on some characteristics of lipid metabolism and activity of phospholipases A1 and A2, as well as on the activity of a number of lysosomal hydrolases in adipocytes, the liver, kidneys and spleen of rats. Selective activation of lysosomal phospholipases A was demonstrated, being the most marked in adipocytes and the liver. It is assumed that the growth of phospholipase activity is a specific adaptive response of the body, aimed at the enhancement of degradation of lipids, particularly phospholipids, under the conditions of excess fat supply with food. Alternatively, it may be suggested that the enhancement of intralysosomal degradation of cell membrane structures is a consequence of their fat degeneration. PMID- 7123895 TI - [Vitamin status of premature infants in the 1st 2 months of life on natural feeding]. AB - Fifty premature neonates were followed during the first 2 months of life to study the supply of the body with vitamins A, B6, ascorbic acid, riboflavin, thiamine, niacin and carotenoids with regard to the body weight upon birth and prematurity grade. The children were kept on natural feeding (donor's breast milk). Premature neonates were found to be short of individual vitamins during certain periods of life. The data obtained indicate that it is desirable to prevent vitamin deficiency by additional vitaminization with regard to the body weight upon birth and prematurity grade. PMID- 7123897 TI - [Effect of experimental starvation on the age-related characteristics of phenylalanine metabolism]. AB - Experiments with administration of phenylalanine were made to study its content in the blood and urine of young and old intact rabbits, as well as under the starvation-simulated restriction of protein synthesis. The old animals manifested an increased rate of phenylalanine increment, and of its excretion with the urine, apart from the reduced tyrosine biosynthesis. Starvation counteracts the age-associated differences as regards the body response to phenylalanine administration, with a tendency towards more distinctive shifts being seen in the young animals. It is concluded that with age the rate of assimilation and hydroxylation of phenylalanine diminishes and the possibilities of its use to meet tyrosine requirements get restricted. It is recommended that amino acids and protein supply be restricted during aging. PMID- 7123894 TI - [Passive K+-permeability of the erythrocyte membrane in healthy infants and those with pneumonia in the 1st months of life on different feeding regimens]. AB - In normal children of the first 6 months of life the erythrocyte membrane stability assessed from the characteristics of its passive K+-permeability depends on the feeding pattern. The greater stability is observed upon natural feeding while the least upon feeding by means of cow's milk dilution. Apparently, varying stability of cell membranes lies at the basis of appreciable disorders of membranes permeability during acute pneumonia in children kept on irrational feeding (with simple mixtures). Thus, in this group of the patients, there are higher indicators of passive K+-permeability of the erythrocyte membrane and the most significant changes in some of the characteristics of bioenergetic processes (intracellular content of potassium, ATP, transmembranous potassium distribution ratio). PMID- 7123899 TI - [Detection of thermostable staphylococcal DNAse in broth cultures and food products]. AB - Thermostable deoxyribonuclease and plasmocoagulase have been demonstrated in broth cultures of St. aureus and St. aureus-infected foods. Two strains of St. aureus, the control one and that isolated from infected canned food, have been found to be capable of producing thermonuclease, plasmocoagulase and type A enterotoxin. PMID- 7123898 TI - [Uniform program of postgraduate instruction for physicians in nutritional hygiene]. PMID- 7123900 TI - [Comparative data on the ability of Staphylococcus aureus to produce enterotoxins and other biologically active substances]. AB - Of 201 staphylococcal strains tested, the majority had coagulase activity and oxidized mannitol under anaerobic conditions. Among the staphylococci, enterotoxigenous strains that partially or completely lost their enzymatic activity occurred in an insignificant number of cases. Enzymatic activity (plasma coagulation, the presence of DNase and mannitol fermentation under anaerobic conditions) makes it possible to classify the strains isolated with Staphylococcus aureus. However, these strains did not always exhibit enterotoxigenous properties. Pigment formation is not the leading sign that allows for classifying staphylococci with Staphylococcus aureus or enterotoxigenous strains. The ability to enterotoxin production was found to be inherent in staphylococci whatever the object from which they were isolated. Enterotoxigeneity was mostly observed in the strains isolated during food poisoning. Such strains produced primarily serotype A or B enterotoxins. PMID- 7123901 TI - [Dietotherapy in chronic enteritis and colitis in a hospital]. PMID- 7123902 TI - [Experience in organizing nutrition in a general pediatric hospital]. PMID- 7123904 TI - Proficiency in testing for hepatitis B surface antigen: experience with Ausria II. AB - Eight hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) proficiency panels were tested using a radioimmunoassay (RIA) test kit during 1978 and 1979 by routine processing laboratories within the 57 American Red Cross Blood Services Regions. The test results were analyzed and it was found that lot-to-lot variability in the reagents may result in a measurable loss of sensitivity of the test leading to an increased error rate. On the basis of these studies, it is recommended that the positive to negative (P/N) ratio for validation of the test be raised to at least 25. PMID- 7123903 TI - G6PD Varadero. A new variant of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase associated with congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia. AB - A glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) variant was studied in a mulatto patient with chronic nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia. This variant has reduced activity, increased thermolability, a reduced Michaelis constant for glucose-6 phosphate, slightly increased electrophoretic mobility, a biphasic pH activity profile, high 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate utilization, normal diamino nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate utilization and a peak of elution profile after G6PD B. The electrophoretic, kinetic, and chromatographic properties of this erythrocyte G6PD variant allow the conclusion that G6PD Varadero is probably a new variant. PMID- 7123905 TI - Alloantibody-induced impaired neonatal expression of a red blood cell antigen associated with maternal alloimmunization. AB - Animals genetically capable of making certain gene products have been shown to have the production of such products completely or partially suppressed by exposure in utero or neonatally to antibodies specific for that gene product. This alloantibody-induced depression of expression of a specific antigenic determinant has yet to be shown to occur in man. The McCoya red blood cell antigen is reported to be well developed at birth. However, 2 children born to mothers with high-titer McCoya antibodies in their serum, phenotyped as McCoy (a ) at birth and, on retesting their red blood cells, 1 at 5 months and the 2nd at 11 months, both phenotyped as McCoy (a+). It is possible that this lack of expression of the McCoya antigen at birth represents a characteristic of an obligate heterozygote. However, on testing 50 random umbilical cord red blood cell samples with two potent McCoya antisera, only 1 was found to be negative. If the negative phenotype were a characteristic of an obligate heterozygote at birth, then the neonatal incidence of the McCoy (a-) phenotype should have been significantly (p less than 10(-4)) high in our random cord blood sample than observed (expected 11). The impaired expression of the McCoya antigen on the red blood cells of these 2 infants at birth, in conjunction with evidence of maternal alloimmunization, strongly suggests alloantibody-induced antigenic suppression of the McCoya antigen as a probable cause. PMID- 7123906 TI - Molecular sieve chromatography of some plasma protein products by high performance liquid chromatography: comparison of quantitation by UV absorption and Lowry protein. AB - Commercially prepared fraction V products (5 and 25% albumin and 5% plasma protein fraction) and immune serum globulins were subjected to analytical molecular sieve chromatography by high performance liquid chromatography. Quantitation was performed by UV absorbance and by the Lowry protein assay. The proteins eluting in the void volume from the immune serum globulin samples yield equivalent results by UV absorbance and by Lowry assay. Proteins eluting in the void volume from fraction V products indicate approximately twice as much protein by UV absorbance when compared to Lowry protein assay. PMID- 7123907 TI - [Immunological effectiveness of a method for simultaneous immunization against influenza using live and inactivated vaccines]. AB - A significant increase in immunological effectiveness of simultaneous immunization with a killed and live influenza vaccine as compared with separate use of these preparations has been demonstrated. The simultaneous immunization better protected the upper respiratory tracts of the vaccinated volunteers, inhibiting reproduction of the challenge influenza virus with residual virulence. A live vaccine from the "old" influenza A/6/50 (H1N1) was found to produce a protective effect on the current influenza A/1977 (H1N1) virus with residual virulence. PMID- 7123908 TI - [Synthesis of influenza virus protein in the inhibition of cellular DNA transcription]. AB - After preliminary UV-irradiation of cells as well as in the presence of actinomycin D the doses of both agents inhibiting influenza virus production are slightly lower than those inhibiting formation of viral proteins and considerably lower than those producing complete blocking of viral genome expression. These data demonstrate the existence of a cellular DNA-dependent factor the blocking of which prevents the formation of virus progeny without preventing primary transcription and formation of virion proteins. It is assumed that, apart from relatively small genes of cellular DNA participating in primary transcription of viral genome, some larger genes of the cell take part in some process of influenza virus reproduction. PMID- 7123909 TI - [Biological properties and genome structure of recombinant strains of influenza A virus differing in their degree of human virulence]. AB - The genome structure and some biological properties of parental and recombinant strains of influenza viruses differing by degrees of virulence for man were studied. The vaccine A/Leningrad/9/46 (H0N1) strain was shown to be markedly toxic and pathogenic for mice in contrast to influenza A/Brazil/11/78 and A/Victoria/35/72/50 viruses completely devoid of these properties. The recombinants deriving all 6 genes of the inner proteins of influenza A/Leningrad/9/46 strains and hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of the epidemic A/Brazil/11/78 strain have completely lost their pathogenicity for mice but acquired marked virulence for man. No such effect was observed in recombination of A/Brazil/11/78 with another vaccine strain, A/Victoria/35/72/50. It is suggested that the toxic properties of influenza virus are coded for in genes of internal proteins whereas their manifestation in one or another host species depends on the function of surface polypeptides. PMID- 7123910 TI - [Effect of the times of remantadine administration on its content in MDCK cells and white mouse lung tissues infected and uninfected with the influenza virus]. AB - Remantadine distribution in the cell-nutrient medium and in experimental animals was studied. Differences in the penetration and content of remantadine in the MDCK cells and lungs of intact and influenza virus-infected white mice were demonstrated. The content of remantadine in these systems depended on the time of its administration. When remantadine was added into intact cultures or in cultures infected with influenza virus 1 h after remantadine inoculation, its content in the cells was similar, about 40% of that added to the culture medium. If remantadine was added to previously infected culture, its content in the cells was considerably lower. Similar results were obtained in experimental white mice. PMID- 7123911 TI - [Characteristics of the immunological response in children to the administration of a live tissue-culture influenza vaccine]. AB - Various immunological tests were used for comprehensive study of vaccination immunity at the cellular level in children inoculated with different strains of influenza A virus. The characteristics of cell-mediated immunity in children vaccinated with a live tissue culture oral influenza vaccine were first obtained. There was a direct relationship between a rise in virus-neutralizing antibody levels and values of blast-transformation reaction. The live tissue culture influenza vaccine was shown to produce in children a short-time decrease in reactivity of lymphocytes, most significant changes occurring in the T subpopulation of lymphocytes. PMID- 7123912 TI - [Attenuated variants of the tick-borne encephalitis virus complex]. AB - The paper presents the results of the study of 8 attenuated strains of viruses of the tick-borne encephalitis complex by the marker of pathogenicity for Syrian hamsters in comparison with virulent virus strains. The group of the attenuated strains was found to be nonhomogeneous in this marker of pathogenicity for Syrian hamsters. One of the 8 strains, Pan-114, proved to be highly virulent for these animals by the intracerebral route. The analysis of the experimental results and data from the literature shows the degree of pathogenicity of attenuated strains to differ for mice, Syrian hamsters and monkeys, apparently indicating that each virus variant is attenuated only for a given species of laboratory animals. PMID- 7123913 TI - [Concentrated purified vaccine against tick-borne encephalitis. An immunological evaluation in experiments on mice]. AB - Comparative investigations of the immunological activity of two inactivated vaccines against tick-borne encephalitis, concentrated and commercial ones, were carried out. Higher levels of humoral and cellular immune responses were achieved after inoculation of the concentrated vaccine. Both vaccines did not affect the general immunological responsiveness of the animals. PMID- 7123914 TI - [Humoral immunity factors in the pathogenesis of recurrence in chronic herpetic infection]. AB - A comparative study of various factors of humoral immunity in human chronic herpes stomatitis (CHS) in periods of relapses and remission of the infection showed the exacerbations of the disease to occur in the presence of complement fixing (CF) and virus-neutralizing (VN) antibodies in the blood serum the titres of which moderately rose with the progress of the infection. A relapse of the disease occurs during marked decline in the content of secretory IgA and true secretory Sc-IgA, serum and secretory IgG, low levels of serum interferon, and a small rise in titres of 19S specific CF antibodies. Remission comes as these values become normal. Although specific immunological changes do occur in CHS, they are not very marked, whereas the factors of nonspecific host resistance change considerably in close correlation with the periods of relapse and remission of the infection. PMID- 7123915 TI - [Electron microscopic study of the genome homology of simian adenoviruses]. AB - DNA homologies of simian adenoviruses SA7, SV20, SV30, SV38, and SA7(C8), clone 230, were studied. The genomes of SV20, SV30, and SV38 differ from each other insignificantly (at least 85% of homology), but from the SA7 genome significantly (50-70% of homology). DNAs of SV20, SV30, and SV38 contain four main regions of melting in 90% formamide: two terminal A-T-rich regions are located symmetrically on the termini of the molecules, and two on the right parts of the molecules. SA7 virus DNA differs from that of the three above-mentioned viruses by the A-T composition and contains only two regions of melting on the right part of the molecule under similar denaturating conditions. SV20, SV30, and SV38 DNAs contain the inverted terminal repetitions of the order of 147 nucleotides long, and SA7 DNA contains considerably longer inverted terminal repetition: 230 nucleotides. PMID- 7123916 TI - [Electron microscopic structure of Erwinia carotovora moderate phage 59 and its DNA]. AB - Electron microscopic examinations showed the moderate phage 59 Erwinia carotovora to consist of a head of icosahedral shape 50.0+/- +/-2.5 nm in diameter, a noncontractile process 150.0+/-3.5 nm in length and 8.2+/-1.0 nm in diameter with a basal plate of 20.0+/-1,5 nm. The head of the virion of 45.9 X 10(3) nm3 in volume is formed by 812 morphological subunits about 3.0 nm in diameter; the number of structural subunits is 4860 on the basis of triangulation number (81). The process of the virus is cross-striated, the pattern being formed by 35+/-1 rows (43+/-5 A) of subunits 3.0 nm in diameter. The total number of subunits in the process is 210+/-6. DNA of the virus under study has a trend of ring formation. Its modal length is 14.61+/-0.53 micron corresponding to a molecular weight of 28.66+/-1.04 X 10(6) daltons. The volume of DNA molecule is 45.9 X X 10(3) nm3, indicating that a portion of phage DNA is in the virion, probably in denaturated state. An electron microscopic model of the organization of the virus under study is proposed. PMID- 7123917 TI - [Biological properties of large-plaque clone 230 of simian adenovirus SA7(C8)]. AB - The clone KB-230 of simian adenovirus SA7(C8) is described differing from the reference SA7(C8) strain and clones KB-2 and MB-1 by the presence of additional recognition sites when treated with different endonucleases. The KB-230 clone differs antigenically in the neutralization test from the MB-1 clone. Some biological and molecular-biological properties of the KB-230 clone were studied. All the simian cell cultures under study were highly sensitive to the cytopathic effect and replication of the KB-230 clone. The reproduction cycle of the KB-230 clone was 12 h, that of KB-2 clone 16 h. The maximum accumulation of virus in the cells was observed by 27-29 h for both clones. The KB-230 clone differed from the KB-2 clone by early development of the CPE (by 9 h of cultivation against 19 h for the latter). The oncogenic activity of the KB-230 clone was less marked than that of the MB-1 clone. The methods of heteroduplex and polypeptide analysis established the difference of the KB-230 clone from the reference SA7(C8) strain and KB-2 and MB-1 clones. PMID- 7123918 TI - [Remantadine prophylaxis of influenza in an industrial enterprise]. PMID- 7123920 TI - Quality control of drugs. Certification scheme on the quality of pharmaceutical products moving in international commerce. Participating countries--supplementary list 3. PMID- 7123919 TI - [Current biotechnology: its limits and prospectives]. PMID- 7123923 TI - Regional trends in the work of WHO, 1980-81: 1. PMID- 7123921 TI - Smallpox: post-eradication vigilance continues. PMID- 7123922 TI - The extension of health service coverage with traditional birth attendants: a decade of progress. PMID- 7123924 TI - [Analysis of cases of acute myocardial infarction treated in an intensive medical care unit]. PMID- 7123926 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the preparation Palitrex (cephalexin monohydrate)]. PMID- 7123925 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the preparation Obracin]. PMID- 7123927 TI - [Clinico-statistical analysis of ectopic pregnancies]. PMID- 7123928 TI - [Histoclinical analysis of cervical polyps]. PMID- 7123929 TI - [Effect of penicillin on the behavior of the agglutination reaction in the treatment of field fever]. PMID- 7123930 TI - [Surgical wound infections]. PMID- 7123932 TI - [Case of a "torsade de pointes" ventricular tachycardia]. PMID- 7123931 TI - [Treatment of arterial hypertension in pregnant women]. PMID- 7123933 TI - [Rupture of the small intestine as a result of blunt abdominal trauma]. PMID- 7123934 TI - [Diagnostic difficulties in elucidating the cause of ascites]. PMID- 7123935 TI - [Treatment of stabilized and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation]. PMID- 7123936 TI - [Course and sequelae of viral hepatitis in diabetics]. PMID- 7123937 TI - [Blood glucose levels in patients with dumping syndrome after oral loading with 50 g of glucose]. PMID- 7123939 TI - [Electrolyte levels and changes in acid-base equilibrium in arterial blood and cerebrospinal fluid in cases with positive Matas test]. PMID- 7123938 TI - [Serum fibrinogen degradation products in various surgical conditions]. PMID- 7123940 TI - [Paget-Schrotter syndrome]. PMID- 7123941 TI - [Various trace elements in normal pregnancy and in gestosis]. PMID- 7123942 TI - [Diagnostic difficulties in cases of nasopharyngeal tumors]. PMID- 7123946 TI - [Stab wound of the right heart ventricle with injury to the valvular structures]. PMID- 7123945 TI - [Use of scintigraphy for assessing the consequences of renal injury in medicolegal expertise]. PMID- 7123944 TI - [Endometriosis and female sterility]. PMID- 7123947 TI - [Bronchopulmonary tuberculosis with features of primary tuberculosis simulating bronchial carcinoma]. PMID- 7123943 TI - [Recurrent focal vulvar melanoma 6 years after surgical treatment]. PMID- 7123948 TI - [Nodular form of subacute thyroiditis]. PMID- 7123949 TI - [Klippel-Feil syndrome with manifestations simulating rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7123950 TI - [A case of methemoglobinemia and agranulocytosis during the treatment of malaria (pl. ovale) with arequine and primaquine]. PMID- 7123951 TI - [Clinical and morphological developmental peculiarities in ovarian myxoadenocarcinoma]. PMID- 7123953 TI - [Clinical and electrophysiological observations in a case of Romano-Ward syndrome ]. AB - Syncope associated with atypical ventricular tachycardia of the "torsades de pointes" type was observed in a 16 year-old girl with hereditary QT prolongation. The arrhythmia occurred only during maximal prolongation of the QTc to 0.77 sec, which had possibly been aggravated by exercise and hypokalaemia. Electrophysiological studies were performed when the QTc was 0.59 sec. Incremental as well as premature ventricular pacing with single or double premature ventricular beats did not initiate ventricular arrhythmias, but revealed AV nodal and bundle branch reentry. It is postulated that these types of macroreentry are involved in the twisting of the QRS complexes in the surface ECG in torsades de pointes. PMID- 7123952 TI - [Bioavailability of digoxin and beta-methyl-digoxin in patients with liver and gastro-intestinal diseases ]. AB - The bioavailability of digoxin and beta-methyl-digoxin (BMD) was tested with a single dose on the grounds of peak serum concentration, tmax, area under the serum concentration-time curve and the cumulative 24 hour urinary excretion on one group of patients with liver disease (n = 20) and one with gastrointestinal disease (n = 10). Despite the smaller dose (0.5 mg BMD against 0.75 mg digoxin), peak serum concentration was significantly higher with BMD in both groups and was also reached earlier than with digoxin. The extent of absorption was also higher in both groups with BMD than with digoxin. A comparison of the results on hand with the results obtained in corresponding tests on healthy persons showed no significant differences with BMD. The excellent bioavailability of BMD was therefore also proved on patients with gastrointestinal diseases, whereas with digoxin the absorption in these patients was retarded, compared with healthy persons, but the extent of absorption was not reduced either. In gastrointestinal diseases with unknown conditions of absorption, the better bioavailability of BMD is probably of advantage, when compared with digoxin. According to medical literature, t/2 of BMD may be prolonged in liver diseases, so that in such cases the dose of BMD has to be adjusted or the use of digoxin is recommended. PMID- 7123955 TI - [The determination of oxygen consumption from temperature measurements with the use of a thermodynamic model ]. AB - A thermodynamic model is described which allows to calculate the oxygen consumption from 4 temperatures as input-variables. These input-variables are: one core-temperature (Tesoph), two skin-temperatures (one at the chest, one at the calf) and the incubator-air temperature. This model is based on the close relationship between oxygen consumption and heat production. The rate of heat production is derived from heat loss to the environment plus heat storage in the body. The data are smoothened by a special mathematical procedure and processed by a HP-85 Computer. Oxygen consumption was synchronously determined by the thermodynamic model and by a conventional method 155 times in four newborns. The flow-through method was used as conventional reference method. The results show that the thermodynamic model yields values for oxygen consumption which are closely related to directly measured values; which indicate the increase in oxygen consumption with activity and decreased environmental temperature; and which follow rapid changes in oxygen consumption of 5 ml/kg per minute. Consequently this thermodynamic model seems suitable to predict the relative changes in oxygen consumption. However the absolute values of oxygen consumption obtained by the model and obtained by direct measurement differ by 5 to 25% the thermodynamic model yielding systematically higher values than the direct measurement. The reasons for this difference are discussed. We demonstrated that a maximum of reliable information can be obtained from a minimal number of measuring sites on the patient by using a theoretical-analytical model. PMID- 7123954 TI - [New aspects of the genetic heterogeneity of inborn errors of metabolism ]. AB - New insight into the structure of eukaryotic genes on the one hand, and our knowledge of posttranslational protein modification and compartmentalization on the other, enable a more universal understanding of the genetic heterogeneity of inborn errors of metabolism. The fact that many genes are split into the coding exon-sequences and the non-coding intron-sequences necessitates the distinction of intron-alleles from exon-alleles. While intron-alleles affect the processing of the primary product of transcription, the exon-alleles correspond more or less to the classical alleles, i.e. to the structural alterations of the coding sequences. The repertory of possible alleles is further extended by the inclusion of regulatory sequences with a cis-dominant action. There are examples of the new concepts within the spectrum of multiple alleles causing various forms of thalassaemia. Our views on multiple allelism can no longer be based upon the paradigm of the classical gene. The concept of the functional unit provides a more promising approach. PMID- 7123956 TI - [Glucose disposal in very low birth weight infants ]. AB - Glucose disposal was studied in six very low birth weight infants (birth weight 1093 +/- 67 g (M +/- SEM), gestational age 29.8 +/- 0.6 weeks, postnatal age 5.2 +/- 0.9 days) by constant infusion steady state technique. All babies required artificial ventilation because of respiratory distress syndrome (four) or aspiration pneumonia (two). Nine healthy prematures of comparable birth weight, gestational age, and postnatal age formed the control group. During a constant glucose infusion at a rate of 8 mg/kg/min (7.7 +/- 0.2) mean blood glucose levels of the sick infants were higher than the corresponding control values. All sick babies had glycosuria (glucose excretion 34 +/- 19 mg/kg/hr compared to none of the controls 0.8 +/- 0.2, p less than 0.01). Glucose disposal in the sick prematures was significantly decreased in comparison to the healthy infants [92.6% (78.7 to 99.3%) of input rate vs. 99.8% (99.7 to 99.9%), p less than 0.01]. It is concluded that sick very low birth weight infants tend to develop hyperglycemia, glucosuria, impaired glucose disposal, and renal caloric wasting when exogenous glucose is supplied at a rate of 8 mg/kg/min, which is usually well tolerated by healthy prematures. PMID- 7123957 TI - [Association between the glomerular basement membrane and fibronectin as revealed by affinity chromatography ]. AB - Though there is sufficient evidence that fibronectin is an integral extracellular matrix protein of the normal human kidney, the distribution and the interaction with structural proteins of the kidney have not been resolved. There are disagreements between investigators whether fibronectin is a component of the glomerular basement membrane or linked to it. We have been examining the interaction between the glomerular basement membrane and its components type IV collagen and laminin and fibronectin. Applying affinity chromatography we detected significant interaction between collagen type IV and laminin, and fibronectin on the other hand. The noncovalent interaction between collagen type IV and fibronectin was reversible after elution with 2 M urea, the association between laminin and fibronectin was even stronger and reversible applying 3 M urea for elution. The glomerular basement membrane-fibronectin interaction reflected the laminin pattern though minor binding sites at 1 M urea and 2 M urea could be detected. These interaction studies showed the chemical and thermodynamical possibilities and probability of the glomerular basement membrane and fibronectin linkage. PMID- 7123958 TI - [Thyroid function in healthy premature infants and in premature infants with the hyaline membrane syndrome ]. AB - The serum concentrations of thyrotropin (TSH), thyroxine (T4), trijodothyronine (T3) and of 3,3',5', trijodothyronine (reverse T3, rT3) were followed up during the first 4 weeks of life in 5 healthy premature infants and in 6 premature infants with hyaline membrane syndrome and artificial ventilation. TSH and T4 concentrations remained unchanged in both groups. T3 levels increased during the observation period and were significantly lower in the sick prematures on days 1 and 3 (p less than 0,02). T3 and the rT3/T3 ratio was increased in healthy and in the sick prematures, the sick prematures showing higher values, and decreased in both groups during the first week of life. We found no significant correlation between TSH and the peripheral thyroid hormone levels as well as no relation between the respiratory compliance-indicating degree of lung maturity-and the T3 or T4 concentrations. Postpartal T3 or T4 serum levels were correlated significantly with the duration of artificial ventilation. Our data indicate that a "low T3 syndrome" was present in all prematures after birth and that respiratory distress syndrome increased conversion of T4 to rT3. From our results we cannot conclude that substitution therapy with thyroid hormones may be useful in premature infants with the hyaline membrane syndrome. PMID- 7123959 TI - [Modern detergents and their application in pediatrics]. AB - During the past half of this century there has been a tremendous development of chemical products. Their application in every day life is widespread, and problems arose summarized under the term of civilisation damages. An important aspect is the effect of detergents on human skin. Every day more than 100 million people have contact with surface active substances--an influence on the physiologic steady state of the skin or its protective mechanisms was thought to be possible. After reviewing the relevant literature of the past ten years following conclusions can be drawn: As to the problem of tolerance we can say that there is no objection against the use of anionactive detergents. Under extreme conditions, e.g. constitutional anomalies, or intense application on previously damaged skin, injury of the skin can be observed. In the age group between 6 and 12 years there exists no difference in the resistance against alkali or acids in comparison to adults. It has not been demonstrated yet, however, whether the buffering capacity is already active in the skin of the newborn, or when it becomes effective after birth. We can recommend the use of modern detergents in pediatrics, they represent an important part of modern hygiene in childhood, especially in infancy. For optimal efficacy one has to adjust the substance to every constitutional skin type and to preexisting skin damages. PMID- 7123960 TI - [Spermatological changes after ligature of the spermatic vein for idiopathic varicocele]. AB - Spermatological examinations were performed on 61 patients before and after varicocelectomy. Sperm morphology remained unchanged, but the sperm density increased in 67.2% cases and in 54.1% the sperm motility rose over a period of up to 18 months following the treatment. In 72.1% of the cases an improvement in at least one ejaculate parameter was noted. Of 52 patients who underwent the operation because of infertile marriage, the patient's wife became pregnant in 23.1% following varicocelectomy. Pathogenesis of the varicocele and the problems involved in ligaturing the spermatic vein for male subfertility are discussed. PMID- 7123961 TI - [Rationalisation of surgical diagnosis by means of real-time sonography]. AB - A report is given of the results obtained on implementing sonography routinely in the diagnosis of general surgical conditions. Fields in which this procedure has proved of particular value are acute surgical emergencies, polytrauma, biliary surgery, post-operative complications, septic processes, palpable abdominal masses and the investigation and follow up of patients with tumours. Ultrasound directed fine-needle puncture plays an important role within this last-mentioned group of indications. In order to make optimum use of sonography in interpreting specifically surgical problems, this readily-available bedside examination is performed by the experienced surgeon himself. Further diagnostic tactics and their consequences are discussed. PMID- 7123962 TI - [Basis for the therapy of male functional sex disorders]. PMID- 7123963 TI - [Influence of screening examinations on stage distributions of cervical carcinoma at a gynecological department ]. AB - Introducing gynecologic (cytologic) screening examinations has proved to alter stage distributions of cervical carcinomas as seen at our department of gynecology. This fact has been established on 1562 patients from 1960-1981. There was decrease of later stage and an increase of early stage neoplasms. Except in a few cases late stage carcinomas of cervix are only seen in women who did not undergo screening examination. PMID- 7123965 TI - [The value of intathecally contrast enhanced computerized tomography (CT myelography) in spine injury ]. AB - The computerized tomography gives optimal information in cases of spinal injuries. If a spinal traumatic stenosis and/or neurological symptoms exist the computerized tomography-myelography shows the intraspinal structures and completes the nativa scans to a high degree. The therapeutic measures are influenced substantially. The CT-myelography should be made as soon as possible, especially before an operation. In case of doubt there should be decided to the intrathecally contrast enhanced computerized tomography. PMID- 7123964 TI - [Noninvasive flow measurement of Cimino-shunts by ultrasonics ]. AB - A duplex scanner is used for noninvasive and semiquantitative flow measurement of Cimino-shunts. Normal venous shunt flow was in 12 chronic shunts 15.2 +/- 3.9 ml/sec and 3 fresh shunts 7.3 +/- 1.8 ml/sec. A noninvasive diagnosis of hemodynamically significant shunt stenoses seems to be possible. Therefore an early and routinely examination of shunts by means of a duplex scanner ist recommended. PMID- 7123966 TI - [Sleep deprivation as activating procedure in EEG of patients with and without epileptic seizures. I. Generalized paroxysmal discharges ]. AB - The EEGs of 459 patients with and 442 patients without epileptic seizures showed generalized spike wave (s/w) paroxysms in 126 cases and generalized slow wave paroxysms in 63 cases before and/or after sleep deprivation. In patients with epileptic seizures s/w paroxysms appeared in 23%, whereas in patients without epileptic seizures. S/w paroxysms were present in only 5%. The difference is statistically highly significant. The frequency of generalized slow wave paroxysms showed with 6% and 8% respectively no statistical significance. In 91% of patients with s/w paroxysms the latter appeared already in the waking phases of the EEG following sleep deprivation. All s/w paroxysms which appeared in the sleep EEG were demonstrable already in stage I according to Rechtschaffen and Kales. The rate of activation of s/w paroxysms following sleep deprivation was 42% in patients with epileptic seizures, that of slow wave paroxysms was 38%. Although the number of patients with s/w paroxysms increases by approximately 100% following sleep deprivation they comprise still only 9.6% of all 459 patients with epileptic seizures. Combined with EEGs which show slow wave paroxysms or focal disturbances the incidence increases to 17%. Sleep deprivation as an activating procedure therefore provides a significant contribution to the confirmation of the diagnosis of epilepsy as well as control of therapy of epileptic patients whose routine EEG does not show typical pathological signs. PMID- 7123967 TI - [Sleep deprivation as activating procedure in EEG of patients with and without epileptic seizures. II. Focal discharges ]. AB - Of 901 patients investigated 167 showed a focal disturbance in the EEG before and/or after 24-hours sleep deprivation. 459 patients suffered from epileptic seizures, the remainder had non-epileptic attacks or an organic cerebral disease without seizures. Of the 167 focal EEG changes 21.6% were seen only following sleep deprivation. In 9.6% focal changes present before could not be observed anymore following sleep deprivation. There was no significant difference between the three groups of patients mentioned above. The 24-hours sleep deprivation thus represents an activation procedure which may enhance diagnostic information relating to the question of focal EEG disturbances not only in epileptic patients. In the group of patients with epileptic seizures the activation or suppression respectively of the focal disturbance showed some dependence from seizure type and frequency as well as from the type of the focal change (spikes or slow waves). In our material the differences were however not statistically significant. More information could be gained from the waking EEG and from stage 1 than from sleeping stages 2 to 4 according to Rechtschaffen and Kales. Trigger functions could be attributed especially to the transitional phases from wakefulness to sleep and from stage 1 to stage 2 and vice versa particularly associated with arousal reactions. In our short sleep records REM stages could be rarely observed. PMID- 7123968 TI - [Behcet's disease--report of two cases ]. PMID- 7123969 TI - [Profound granulocytopenia in a patient treated with propafenon ]. AB - A case report concerning a 75 year old female patient whose treatment of multifocal ventricular extrasystoles and a ventricular tachycardia after an acute myocardial infarction consisted of multiple drugs, one of them being the antiarrhythmic substance Propafenon, is given. The patient developed a profound, but reversible, granulocytopenia, which disappeared nine days after discontinuing of most of the drugs. With the exemption of Propafenon all of the drugs were reinstituted after the remission: The not anymore needed ones only for a few days, all others until now, without ill effect. The patient is doing fairly well one year after this episode. PMID- 7123970 TI - [The value of visually evoked response in diagnosis of multiple sclerosis ]. AB - We investigated the reliability of visually evoked responses (VER) in 56 cases in diagnosing multiple sclerosis. We found 100% pathological VER in proved cases and 71% in probable/possible cases. Patients with a duration of illness less than one year had in 80% pathological VER, whereas in other conditions only 17% were pathological. Structural changes are usually found in definite multiple sclerosis patients with a disease progress lasting more than 1 year. Pathological VER are an important diagnostic aid in multiple sclerosis, especially in doubtful cases, whereas structural investigations are primarily useful in the exclusion of other conditions. PMID- 7123971 TI - [Experiences with fiber optic technics in thoracic surgery]. PMID- 7123972 TI - [Cooperation between internists and psychiatrists in the treatment of nicotine withdrawal as shown in a common project of the Innsbruck Medical University Clinic and the Department of Medical Psychology]. AB - This paper shows a model of team-work between an internal specialist and a psychiatrist or psychotherapist, which aims at fighting against addiction to nicotine. Such team-work helps to increase the rate of success. The study described in this paper was carried out in a village in the Tyrol. An instructive campaign was organized, which lasted for several years. During this campaign an internal specialist informed the population about the sequelae of nicotine addiction. This informative work was complemented by in intensive counselling and psychotherapy including hypnosis and autogenous training. After one year half of the patients were still non-smokers. PMID- 7123973 TI - [What can you expect from rectoscopy?]. PMID- 7123975 TI - Coexistence of hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer. PMID- 7123976 TI - Persistent and recurrent pheochromocytoma: the role of surgery. PMID- 7123974 TI - [Long-term percutaneous therapy of angina pectoris with isosorbide dinitrate with reference to isosorbide dinitrate blood levels]. AB - The efficiency of percutane isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) therapy on 61 subjects with coronary heart diseases (angina pectoris, postinfarction state and myocardial insufficiency) was examined. Serum levels of ISDN in 12 subjects were measured gaschromatographically. The haemodynamic and clinical parameters received, as well as, the reduced attack-note of stenocardic symptoms demonstrate the therapeutic and prophylactic effectiveness of this kind of therapy. Sufficient systemic availability of ISDN in organism was evident. Non of these subjects seem to develop a tolerance, because stenocardic symptoms were not obvious. No diminished sensitivity to acute acting nitrates was present. Intervals in long-term therapy with nitrates are discussed. "Isoket ointment" comes in premeasured doses and is easy to apply. Good patient compliance is obtained. PMID- 7123978 TI - PCV and modified hill procedure as surgical treatment of reflux esophagitis: results in 108 patients. PMID- 7123977 TI - Gastric partition for morbid obesity: greater curvature gastroplasty or gastrogastrostomy. PMID- 7123979 TI - Effects of cerulein on esophageal motor activity and L.E.S. pressure in achalasia. PMID- 7123982 TI - A modification of the Warren shunt. PMID- 7123981 TI - Rate of wound sepsis with "selective" short-term antibiotic prophylaxis in gastric surgery. PMID- 7123980 TI - Hormonal control of the gastric motor response to feeding: cross-perfusion of an isolated stomach using a conscious donor dog. PMID- 7123985 TI - Cadaveric organ retrieval for transplantation. PMID- 7123983 TI - Transaxillary thoracic sympathectomy for primary hyperhidrosis of the upper limbs. PMID- 7123984 TI - A clinical and physiological evaluation of bowel preparation for elective colorectal surgery. PMID- 7123986 TI - Successful closure of a traumatic pulmonary arteriovenous fistula of the main pulmonary artery. PMID- 7123989 TI - Will the general surgeon become extinct? PMID- 7123990 TI - Trends of mortality from ischaemic heart disease and other cardiovascular diseases in 27 countries, 1968-1977. PMID- 7123988 TI - Intragastric prosthesis for management of obesity. PMID- 7123987 TI - Primary resection in perforating diverticulitis of the colon. PMID- 7123991 TI - Taking off into health for all by the years 2000. PMID- 7123992 TI - [Effect of pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) on the ultrastructure of Mucor mucedo and Phytophthora cactorum]. AB - The effect of PCNB in various concentrations on the ultrastructure of Mucor mucedo and phytophthora cactorum was analyzed after an incubation period of 2 hours. The most striking effect in both fungi was a diffuse lysis of the internal structure of the mitochondria which differs markedly from the lysis induced by etridiazol (terrazol). Moreover an enlargement of the perinuclear space and an increased formation of vacuoles was observed. In Mucor mucedo, but not in Phytophthora cactorum a pathological thickening of the cell wall was observed. Although after 2 hours incubation with PCNB Phytophthora gave similar ultrastructural reactions in the mitochondria as Mucor, in growth experiments on agar dishes this species was 5-10 times less sensitive to PCNB compared to Mucor. PMID- 7123993 TI - Ultrastructural alterations at the cell wall and plasma membrane of Candida spec. H induced by n-alkane assimilation. AB - The ultrastructure of n-alkane-grown cells of Candida spec. H was investigated by thin sectioning and freeze-etching techniques. On the plasma membrane shallow depressions could be observed. n-Alkane deposits were localized within the cell wall and at the plasma membrane. Peri-plasmic multilamellar structure appear in connection with n-alkane accumulation. Their participation in hydrocarbon assimilation and the nature of the lamellar structures are discussed. PMID- 7123994 TI - [Microbial side chain splitting of phenylurea and carbonic acid anilides]. AB - A Gram- negative rod-shaped bacterium 28/1 isolated by enrichment cultures is able to hydrolyze the amide bond of some phenylurea herbicides and acid anilide herbicides by an inducible amidase. 7.5% of 0.3 mumol.ml-1 linuron (3-(3,4 dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea) are hydrolyzed after 16 hours. 1,1 Dimethylphenylureas are not degraded. Acid anilides are hydrolyzed at a higher rate, 80% of 0.5 mumol.ml-1 N-(4-chlorophenyl)-propionamide and N-(4-nitrophenyl) propionamide are transformed after 6 hours. The 1-methoxy-1-methyl phenylureas are effective inducers. Linuron-induced cells have a specific activity of 3-4 nmol per mg dry weight per min on the substrate N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl) propionamide (Propanil). The rate of hydrolysis is influenced by substituents of the aniline ring and by the structure of the side chain of the acid anilides. PMID- 7123995 TI - Anomalous cell wall synthesis in Mucor mucedo (L.) Fres. induced by some fungicides and other compounds related to the problem of dimorphism. AB - An anomalous cell wall thickening in Mucor mucedo is induced already within 60 120 min by some fungicides (etridiazol, chloroneb, pentachloronitrobenzene, dicloran, drazoxolon, biphenyl) as well as with a N2-atmosphere or high concentrations of glucose, but not with 2,4-dinitrophenol, chlorinated phenols, dichlofluanid and antimycin A. This effect seems to be identical to the change from the mycelial (M-) to the yeast (Y-) form in dimorphic fungi, which can be achieved by culture conditions as well as by addition of chemicals. The cause seems to be a specific, complex change in the metabolic state. A scheme of regulation is presented which explains most of the experimental results described till now. PMID- 7123996 TI - Aspects of biotechnology in steroid biotransformation. PMID- 7123998 TI - beta-1.3.-1.4-Glucanase in spore-forming microorganisms. VI. Genetic instability of beta-glucanase production in a high-producer strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens grown in a chemostat. AB - A Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain high-producing for beta-1.3-1.4-glucanase has gradually lost the ability to produce this enzyme during long-time continuous cultivation, independent of the culture conditions. Mutant strains isolated after long-term cultivation exhibited changed behaviour concerning extracellular enzyme formation and sporulation. By agarose gel electrophoresis of alkaline DNA extracts isolated form original and mutant strains we demonstrate that the observed pleiotropic phenomena are not caused by the loss of a complete plasmid present in the original strain. From extracts of both the original and mutant strains plasmid DNAs with approximately the same molecular weight of about 35 Mdal were isolated. PMID- 7123997 TI - Phosphate release in turimycin fermentations. PMID- 7123999 TI - Microbial transformation of bile acids. A unified scheme for bile acid degradation, and hydroxylation of bile acids. AB - Through the isolation and identification of a wide variety of degradation products formed from bile acids by microorganisms, a unified scheme for the complete degradation of bile acids to carbon dioxide and water has been proposed and discussed. The proposed degradative pathways mainly consist of the following steps: natural C24 3-hydroxy bile acids leads to 3-oxo bile acids leads to delta 4-3-oxo bile acids leads to C16 or C18 perhydroindane derivative (at least in two ways) leads to (4 epsilon)-4-methyl-5-oxo-octanedioic acid (at least in three ways) leads to CO2 and H2O. A microbial hydroxylation method for the preparation of bile acid samples was investigated which could be used as reference standards in the analysis of bile acids in biological materials and also as materials for studying the function of bile acids. The particular fungi, Curcularia lunata NRRL 2380, Helicostylum piriforme ATTC-8992 and Pestalotia foedans ATCC-11817 effected the 1 beta-, 11 beta-, 12 beta-, 15 alpha- or 15 beta-hydroxylation of certain bile acids and gave the following products: 1 beta, 3 alpha-, 3 alpha, 12 beta- and 3 alpha, 15 beta-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholan-24-oic acids, 3 alpha, 12 beta, 15 alpha- and 3 alpha, 12 beta, 15 beta-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholan-24-oic acids and 12 beta, 15 beta-dihydroxy-3-oxo-5 beta-cholan-24-oic acids from lithocholic acid; 1 beta, 3 alpha, 12 alpha- and 3 alpha, 12 alpha, 15 beta-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholan 24-oic acids and 3 alpha, 11 beta-dihydroxy-12-oxo-5 beta-cholan-24-oic acid from deoxycholic acid; 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 beta-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholan-24-oic acid and 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 beta, 15 alpha-tetrahydroxy-5 beta-cholan-24-oic acid from chenodeoxycholic acid; 3 alpha-6 alpha, 12 beta- and 3 alpha, 6 alpha, 15 beta-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholan-24-oic acids from hyodeoxycholic acid; 3 alpha, 7 beta, 12 beta trihydroxy-5 beta-cholan-24-oic acid from ursodeoxycholic acid; 3 alpha, 12 beta-dihydroxy-7-oxo-5 beta-cholan-24-oic acid from 3 alpha-hydroxy-7 oxo-5 beta-cholan-24-oic acid. Some of these products were new compounds and their structures were determined. PMID- 7124000 TI - Factors regulating the steroid 11-hydroxylation by non-germinating spores of Cunninghamella elegans (Lendner). AB - In the presence of malate or citrate sporangiospores of C. elegans were able to hydroxylate cortexolone with a rate twofold exceeding that of the control, water suspended spores. Analysis of the intracellular nicotinamide coenzyme pools revealed an increased NADPH:(NADP+ + NADPH) ratio, indicating more effective NADPH-generating systems in malate- or citrate-stimulating spores. Swollen spores remaining in the pregermination state, retained higher cortexolone-hydroxylating activity in the absence of malate and citrate. In these spores degradation of endogenous alanine and glutamic acid was observed. Possible NADPH-generating systems in C. elegans sporangiospores were discussed. PMID- 7124001 TI - Dependence of the mycelial growth pattern on the individually regulated cell cycle in Streptomyces granaticolor. AB - The growth behaviour of Streptomyces granaticolor ETH 7437 was studied by the microculture technique. The kinetics of growth and branching were recorded and, since elongation was found to be restricted to apical elongation sites (e-sites), the rate of elongation per site (alpha) was determined as well. The mycelia grew exponentially. Initially the growth was dependent on alpha of the germ tube, but after the start of branching, growth paralleled the exponential increase of the number of branches while alpha attained a constant average value. Further, for liquid grown mycelia showing about the same growth kinetics the cellular structure was determined after cell wall staining. Three types of cells could be distinguished: apical branchless cells (20%), non-apical branchless cells (20%) and non-apical cells with one branch each (60%). Since both the apical and the branched cells possessed an e-site, 80% of the cells must have been growing at the time of sampling. Combining detailed data obtained from both the alive and the stained mycelia a model was elaborated, which may reflect the events taking place on the cellular level during mycelial growth. The model is based on the assumption that each cell behaves as an independent unity with respect to its cell cycle. But, in contrast to the behaviour of single cell bacteria, in mycelia the two daughter cells formed upon division are neither equivalent nor uniform. Here, the sister cells differ in length, shape and possession of an e-site. Only one of the daughter cells receives the e-site of the mother cell, while the other starts its own cell cycle by generating a new e-site at the cylindrical part of its envelope. Regarding the length of sister cells the degree of heterogeneity increases with the age of the corresponding region of the mycelium, and eventually some cells lose the ability to generate an e-site, i. e. to grow. With this model the kinetic and structural peculiarities of the mycelial growth of Streptomyces granaticolor can be explained. PMID- 7124002 TI - [Current problems in the diagnosis and therapy of arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7124004 TI - [Pain in children]. PMID- 7124005 TI - [Headache from the viewpoint of otolaryngology]. PMID- 7124003 TI - [Chronic bronchitis in the adult]. PMID- 7124006 TI - [Headache from the ophthalmologist's viewpoint]. PMID- 7124008 TI - [Patients with severe circulation disorders in the region of the lower extremities with and without amputation from an angiological viewpoint]. PMID- 7124007 TI - [Pain caused by herpes zoster]. PMID- 7124009 TI - [Tasks and problems of general medical care of patients with severe deformities in the area of the locomotor system--from the viewpoint of general medicine]. PMID- 7124012 TI - [Activities of Physician's Advisory Commissions--from the viewpoint of social insurance]. PMID- 7124010 TI - [Tasks and problems of general medical care in certain groups of disorders. Patients with mixed (motor and sensory) paralyses--from a neurological viewpoint]. PMID- 7124013 TI - [Activities of Physician's Advisory Commissions--from the viewpoint of general medicine]. PMID- 7124011 TI - [Urologic complications in patients with quadriplegia]. PMID- 7124014 TI - [Use of sheltered work--from the viewpoint of social insurance]. PMID- 7124015 TI - [The meaning and payment of nursing care benefits]. PMID- 7124016 TI - [Radiography during early pregnancy--an indication for abortion ?]. PMID- 7124017 TI - [Effect of normal pregnancy on laboratory values and function tests]. PMID- 7124018 TI - [Hormonal contraception in juveniles--beginning at what age?]. PMID- 7124020 TI - [Pathophysiology and differential therapy of cardiogenic shock]. PMID- 7124019 TI - [Incidence and significance of extracardially induced heart rhythm disorders and ECG changes. 1]. PMID- 7124021 TI - [Etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis]. PMID- 7124022 TI - [Results of the operative management of older patients]. PMID- 7124025 TI - [Retinopathy of the premature: possibility and limitations of prevention, therapy and metaphylaxis]. PMID- 7124024 TI - [Modification of the rate of low birth-weight infants by using a prematurity and dysmaturity program]. PMID- 7124023 TI - [Minor surgery in general practice - limitations of obligation and risk]. PMID- 7124027 TI - [A special type of athletic injury causing severe injuries of the facial bones]. PMID- 7124026 TI - [Recommendations for the evaluation and assessment of electrocardiograms in adolescents and adults. A brief programmed course. 7. Partial program II: Morphology, time values and amplitude values (4)/ Demonstration of selected electrocardiograms]. PMID- 7124028 TI - [Various aspects of occupational disability in managers]. PMID- 7124029 TI - [Demonstration of spontaneous migration, chemokinesis and chemotaxis of neutrophil granulocytes under agarose]. PMID- 7124030 TI - [Determination of antibacterial agents in urine as support of an effective drug therapy in urinary tract infections]. PMID- 7124031 TI - [Incorporation of communicable disease control, food and nutritional hygiene as well as communal hygiene into the leading governmental activities of the District Medical Officer of Health--tasks, results and conclusions]. PMID- 7124032 TI - [Current tasks of civil defense among the activities of the State Hygiene Inspection]. PMID- 7124033 TI - [Psychosocial aspects of the preparation and admission of patients with renal insufficiency into the chronic hemodialysis program]. AB - The long-term preparation of the patients with renal insufficiency to the treatment with chronic haemodialysis has a decisive influence on the later cooperative behaviour under the conditions of dialysis. Offences against diet and a hypertension conditioned by too much water appeared significantly more rarely in 19 patients who were prepared in their own dispensary for renal diseases during a long period than in 11 patients who were transferred to treatment only in the terminal stage. The presentation of the dialysis centre already before the beginning of the treatment is recommended by nearly all patients. The transition from the conservative therapy to the treatment with dialysis should take place without interruption and in the optimum case without stay in a hospital. The necessity of a well-timed registration of the prospective patients who will have to undergo dialysis and of their long-term psychosocial care in the stage of the compensated retention is emphasized. PMID- 7124034 TI - [Classification of endogenous psychoses by centrally regulated variations of the cardiac rhythm. Preliminary report]. AB - After the successful classification of endogenous psychoses only by a vector of measuring dates of covering curves of the arterial pulse waves was tested, whether the concrete state of activity of the generally activating reticular system observed in this case may be described also according to the peculiarity of centrally regulated variations of the cardiac rhythm. Using the vectors of the measuring values of these regulation influences we also got a rate of correct classification of endogenous psychoses of about 80%. PMID- 7124035 TI - [Practice-oriented method of cholangiography]. AB - The authors present their methodology of cholegraphy which was tested in practical routine work under in most cases examination conditions of an outpatient department with orientation to optimized relations between expense, risk and utility. The peculiarities of the methodical and tactical procedure are described in detail. A radiological representation of the biliary system should be performed only when there is no possibility to sonography and when there are discrepancies between its result and clinical picture, respectively. The oral cholegraphy is regarded as basis examination. When it has a negative result and when there is a congruity to the clinical findings (especially confirmation of the symptom colic) a surgical intervention seems to be justified. The intravasal application of a contrast remedy should in the interest of the patient be performed per infusionem, in order to keep the risk in justifiable limits. For the same reason a very strong indication is necessary. It is primarily used in disturbances of the enteral resorption, after cholecystectomy as well as in certain blood-chemical changes which suggest a severe disturbance of the hepatobiliary system. Secondarily it is used as second examination for further clarification of the picture of the disease. Here the decision must be rendered subject to the situation in the individual case, since in a series of pathological conditions a reduction of the quantity of the contrast remedy becomes necessary. PMID- 7124036 TI - [The physical capacity of patients with pacemakers]. AB - The pacemaker patient stimulated by unchanged frequency may realize the necessary regulation of his minute output of the heart only through a change of the stroke volume, not through the otherwise usual change of the heart rate. Thus this circle of persons shows a restricted breadth of regulation in orthostatic stress or physical work. Pharmacological or physiotherapeutic measures with vasodilatory effect increase the inclination to orthostasis with security for the acute application, potentially also in a long-term therapy. Greater loads may, probably by a release of catecholamines, reduce the degree of severity of a blockage and evoke a parasystoly in patients with devices with unchanged frequency. Patients with ventricle-regulated pacemaker do not show such disturbances as long as the heart may follow the own regulation and the own rhythm. By the transition to the stimulation with unchanged frequency possible at any time, however, may appear incisive restrictions also in this group of patients. The data of literature are to be confirmed that atrium-regulated pacemakers give the best prerequisite concerning the maximum stress of the patients. In all regulated devices the maximally possible heart rate is demarcated by the pacemaker itself. It is in most cases approximately 120/min. Independent of the type of the pacemaker moreover must be taken into consideration additional restrictions of the functional capacity which are very different from case to case and which are to be referred to the cardiologic basic disease. PMID- 7124037 TI - [Lipid chemical parameters and incidence of genetically determined hyperlipoproteinemias in patients between 20 and 45 years of age with coronary heart disease]. AB - In 35 patients at the age between 20 and 45 years with a manifest coronary heart disease various lipid-chemical parameters were established and compared with a control group of the same age of laboratory-chemically and clinically inconspicuous test persons as well as with a group of patients with infarction older than 45 years. For HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol as well as LDL significant differences of the mean value were the result in the group of juvenile patients with a coronary heart disease and in the healthy control group as well as the group of older test persons with infarction, which confirm the accumulation of lipid-chemical risk constellations in "juvenile" patient with a coronary heart disease. Moreover, the proportion of primary hyperlipoproteinaemias is essentially greater in these patients than in older test persons with infarction. Apart from the recognition of primary hypercholesterolaemias the diagnostics of autosomally combined hyperlipoproteinaemias is of particular importance. PMID- 7124039 TI - [Cell-mediated immune reactivity in skin tests in chronic liver diseases]. AB - For the judgment of cell-mediated immune reactivity in patients with chronic liver diseases in comparison to healthy test persons tests of the skin were performed by means of the neoantigen DNCB and the recall antigens tuberculin and streptokinase. Depending on the degree of severity of the hepatopathies the intensity of reaction decreased in the DNCB-test. There were no relations to the etiopathogenetic factors of the liver diseases. The results speak for the fact that the disturbed immune reactivity to DNCB is to be regarded as sequela of the disease. The anamnestic immune response controlled by means of the two recall antigens did not show any quantifiable differences to the reference collective in the chronic hepatopathies. It is concluded that the findings of skin tests are not able to contribute to the indication for immunosuppressive or immune modulating therapeutic methods. PMID- 7124038 TI - [Acetaldehyde-induced leukocyte migration inhibition in alcoholic liver diseases]. AB - Acetaldehyde in non-toxic doses (15.6 micrograms per start) causes in the inhibition test of the migration of leucocytes an inhibition of the migration in 6/13 of the patients with alcoholic hepatitis, a stimulation of the migration in 6/11 of alcohol cirrhoses. Healthy (n = 16) persons, patients with alcoholic fatty degeneration of the liver (n = 3) as well as non-alcoholic liver diseases (chronic persisting hepatitis, n = 11; chronic active hepatitis, n = 8, cirrhosis, n = 7) did not show this cellular immune reagibility. The inhibition of the migration and the stimulation of the migration, respectively, might develop by hapten autoantigen complexes (altered cytoskeleton?) with release of the factors of inhibition of migration and stimulation of migration, in which case the role of a hapten belongs to acetaldehyde. The results of the tests did not correlate with functional and histological findings of the liver, with the actual consumption of alcohol and also not with haptoglobin phaenotypes. When it is postulated that by acetaldehyde also the release of further lymphokines is mediated, origin and progression of alcoholic hepatitis and alcoholic cirrhosis might be explained immunopathogenetically. PMID- 7124040 TI - [(Studies on intragastric titration in man) ]. AB - The method of intragastric titration uses food particles for stimulation of gastric acid secretion and is characterised by an excellent reproducibility. The food stimulated gastric acid secretion is influenced by the pH-value of the stimulus, whereas concentration of the peptone solution and volume of the test meal is less important. Postprandial gastrin release, however is altered by pH of the stimulus concentration and volume of the test meal. Intragastric titration represents an excellent method for measuring gastric acid secretion and should mainly be applied to clinical pathophysiological studies. PMID- 7124041 TI - [(Intrahepatic cholestasis with jaundice due to amyloidosis of the liver) ]. AB - Two cases of severe intrahepatic cholestasis due to amyloidosis of the liver seen within 9 months are described and compared with the pertinent literature. In both, the diagnosis was established by needle biopsy of the liver, and the amyloidosis associated with a myeloma. The methods available for reaching a definite diagnosis are discussed, and the possible diagnostic importance of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, as performed in one of the two patients, is stressed. Amyloidosis of the liver complicated by jaundice is possibly not such a rare disease; it has a very poor prognosis, and the patients do not survive more than a few months. PMID- 7124042 TI - [(Progressive papillomatosis of the common bile duct with tendency to malignant change) ]. AB - Report of a case of progressive papillomatosis of the common bile duct from our hospital--the sixteenth described in the literature. For the first time it had been possible to diagnose the progressive papillomatosis of the common bile duct is a precancer state, this disease should be listed among the differential diagnosis of obstructive jaundice, when all other causes have been excluded. Confirmation of the diagnosis necessitates radical surgery, in order to guarantee optimal management. PMID- 7124043 TI - [(Incidence of gallstone disease in autopsy material and outpatients from West Germany) ]. AB - The incidence of cholelithiasis and rate of cholecystectomy has been studied in three differently selected groups: first, in 3842 autopsies during the years 1969 1977, second, in 6564 patients who underwent to x-ray examination during 1970 1974 for various reasons; third in 163 patients aged over 50 years referred for reasons other than abdominal discomfort. The incidence of dyspeptic symptoms was registered in the patients of the last group. The rate of cholelithiasis and cholecystectomy in the first group corresponds well to that in the second group. In men and women over 60 years, who had been referred to the outpatients clinic for reasons not related to abdominal pain, the rate of cholelithiasis was 33% and 42% respectively. This finding corresponds to that of the first and second group. There was no difference in the incidence of dyspeptic symptoms among the patients of the last group with and without cholelithiasis. The results suggests that in the old patients the incidence of silent gallstones increases, but that the rate of cholecystectomy did not. PMID- 7124044 TI - Physiological studies of exocrine pancreatic secretion in conscious rats. 5. Communication: circadian rhythms of flow rate and composition of pancreatic juice. AB - 1. In conscious rats provided with indwelling pancreatic and biliary catheters, the circadian variations of flow rate, electrolyte- and protein concentrations are followed. 2. Individual enzymes are separated by Polyacrylamid Gelelectrophoresis and quantitatively determined by photometry after evaluation of the coloured bands. 3.) Volume flow rate increases towards the evening and reaches maximal values in the early morning hours (2-4 a. m.). 4. A similar nocturnal maximum can be observed for the concentrations and elimination rates of total protein, potassium and bicarbonate, while the concentration of sodium is fairly constant and only slightly decreasing in very high flow rates. 5. Typical circadian variations can be observed for the individual enzyme fractions: at night, the part of amylase is higher and the amount of chymotrypsinogen is lower, together with the increased nocturnal protein elimination. At day time these relations are inversed. 6. This rhythm is also existing in fasting animals, although with reduced basal values and smaller amplitude of variation. 7. In fasting animals the relative part of amylase is smaller compared with that of chymotrypsinogen, probably in relation to the reduced elimination of total protein. 8. The circadian variations of exocrine pancreatic secretion may be primarily inaugurated by hormonal action of hormones, whose release is controlled by nervous centers in the brain. PMID- 7124046 TI - [Pityriasis rosea (Gibert) ]. AB - Pityriasis rosea (Gibert) is an acute self limited disease with clinically characteristic skin eruptions. In about 20% of cases complications with an atypic clinical picture and a prolonged course are found. Histopathology and ultrastructure of the lesions are not characteristic. The etiology is unknown. PMID- 7124045 TI - [Comparative dermatology: "strawberry angiomas" in cattle ]. PMID- 7124047 TI - [Special diagnostic and therapeutic procedure for the incomplete form of primary varicosis]. AB - The difference between the incomplete and complete form of the primary varicosis of the internal saphenous vein is that the saphenofemoral valve is still intact in the incomplete form. There are two types of the incomplete form, one caused by a perforating vein and the other by a lateral branch of the saphenous vein. The preoperative diagnostic procedure is particularly important for the optimal choice of treatment. PMID- 7124048 TI - [Surgery of the nail region]. AB - Operations of the nail apparatus are done under sterile conditions and regional anaesthesia and in local anaemia. The knowledge of the complicated anatomy and physiology is the prerequisite for good surgical results. Nail extractions are commonly done too frequently. Subungual haematomas require a different treatment depending on the severity. Removal of the proximal third of the nail plate quickly clears acute paronychia resistent to antibiotics. The treatment of choice for the ingrown toenail is the surgical narrowing of the matrix. Kind and size of subungual tumours determine their surgical treatment. Diagnostic nail biopsies are best performed laterally. PMID- 7124049 TI - [New aspects of surgical treatment of radiation ulcers of the trunk (myocutaneous flaps)]. AB - Radioulcera of the trunk appear very often in combination with an osteonecrosis or osteomyelitis of the ribs or the sternum. The surgical procedures are very much restricted by the high radiation stress of tissue and the severe chronic infection. The treatment with the common flaps and skin grafts is very long lasting and disappointing because of the extremely difficult wound healing. The surgical therapy has been essentially improved by the myocutaneous flaps. In the last three years 52 patients with severe and big ulcera of the trunk were successfully treated with the myocutaneous flaps. This procedure proved to be very worthwhile. PMID- 7124050 TI - [Verrucous Carcinoma (L. V. Ackerman)]. AB - Characteristics of the Verrucous Carcinoma as described by L. V. Ackerman in 1947: strictly lokalized tumor, no metastatic spread, yet strong tendency to recidivity. Note: 1. In the case of inadequate excision a too optimistic evaluation by the pathologist frequently occurs. 2. In the case of lesions of the oral mucosa as a consequence of irradiation a dramatic increase in malignancy has been observed. 3. Therapy of choice: radical excision. PMID- 7124051 TI - [Dimension analysis of the questionnaire test for the determination of suicide risk]. PMID- 7124052 TI - [Treatment of migraine with vasoconstrictive and hand-warming biofeedback: a pilot project]. PMID- 7124053 TI - [Socially supportive persons in the rehabilitation of alcoholics]. PMID- 7124054 TI - [The configuration frequency analysis. XVI. New tests against types and syndromes]. PMID- 7124055 TI - [Affect changes in group psychotherapy using speech content analysis (Gottschalk Gleser)]. PMID- 7124056 TI - [Relationship between interpersonal behavior patterns and psychopathological conspicuousness]. PMID- 7124057 TI - [Left ventricular contractility, relaxation and regional wall motion following intracoronary injection of nifedipine. Evaluation by m-mode echocardiography]. PMID- 7124058 TI - [Effect of intracoronary nifedipine on coronary sinus blood flow and myocardial oxygen consumption in patients with coronary artery disease]. AB - Reflex sympathetic nerve activation obscures the direct myocardial effect of Nifedipine after intravenous administration. Consequently, in 10 patients with coronary artery disease 0.1 mg of Nifedipine were injected into the left coronary artery to evaluate its specific effect on coronary sinus blood flow (CSF), coronary vascular resistance (CVR), and myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2). One minute after Nifedipine, CSF increased from 115 +/- 15 to 193 +/- 47 ml/min (p less than 0.001), and CVR decreased from 0.92 +/- 0.16 to 0,54 +/- 0.12 mm Hg X min X ml-1 (p less than 0.001). Mean aortic pressure dropped from 107 +/- 5 to 99 +/- 3 mm Hg (p less than 0.01). MVO2 was reduced from 14.6 +/- 2.6 to 11.7 +/- 2.8 ml O2 X min-1 (p less than 0.05). After five minutes CSF (113 +/- 18) and MVO2 (14.9 +/- 3.1) had returned to their preinjection level. Additionally, CSF and MVO2 were measured during rapid atrial pacing (mean rate 118 +/- 6 min-1). Average CSF and MVO2 values were 172 +/- 63 and 19.8 +/- 5.0 before and 177 +/- 69 and 20.6 +/- 7.3 approximately 6 minutes after Nifedipine injection. CONCLUSIONS: Intracoronary Nifedipine results in coronary vasodilation and subsequently in an increase in coronary flow. The concomitant reduction in MVO2 provides evidence for an oxygen sparing, negative inotropic effect of Nifedipine, which, however, is of very limited duration. A sustained oxygen-saving effect during periods with increased oxygen demand could not be shown. PMID- 7124059 TI - [Left ventricular contraction and relaxation in patients with congestive cardiomyopathy during exercise]. AB - Left ventricular (LV) contraction and relaxation were analysed in 16 patients with congestive cardiomyopathy (COCM) at rest (R) and during supine bicycle ergometer exercise (E), and were compared with 10 normals (N). In patients with COCM, left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) was significantly reduced at rest, but during exercise like in the normal patients there were no significant changes (EFCOCM: 34 +/- 12% (R) and 35 +/- 10% (E);EFN: 72 +/- 5% (R) and 74 +/- 5% (E). LV-enddiastolic volume in COCM was more than 100% larger than in N. Left ventricular filling pressures (PLVed) were elevated already at rest, the increase during exercise was very similar to that of the normal group (COCM: 20.5 +/- 9.0 (R), 33.3 +/- 7.6 (E) mm Hg, p less than 0.001; normal group: 11.1 +/- 2.2 (R), 18.7 +/- 5.9 (E) mm Hg, p less than 0.001). The increase of maximum dP/dt during exercise as an index of contractility reserve was distinctly lower in COCM (delta means COCM: + 51%; delta means N: + 105%). Left ventricular relaxation as measured from minimal dP/dt was significantly impaired already at rest in COCM (COCM: -1109 +/- 329; N: -1832 +/- 468 mm Hg X s-1, p less than 0.001), the increase of dP/dtmin during exercise (COCM + 37%) was similar to that of normal patients (+ 35%). The time constant T of isovolumic pressure fall was significantly prolonged at rest in COCM, and there were no changes during exercise. After correction for the right atrial pressure rise during exercise, the time contant T' was significantly shortened to the same extent in the normal group (COCM: (R) 44 +/- 9, (E) 36 +/- 10 ms; N: (R) 33 +/- 5, (E) 25 +/- 5 ms, p less than 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with COCM, changes of left ventricular ejection fraction during exercise are inconsistent; in the individual patient, changes in global LV function during exercise cannot be predicted from EF at rest. At rest, LV relaxation is prolonged, the lack of shortening of the time constant T during exercise is thought to be mainly due to the pressure rise in the pericardial space. PMID- 7124060 TI - [Right ventricular volume determination by two-dimensional echocardiography and radiography in model hearts using a subtraction method]. AB - The irregularity and complexity of the right ventricle is the reason why no accurate method for right ventricular volume determination exists. A new method for right ventricular volume determination particularly for two-dimensional echocardiography was developed-it is called subtraction method-and was compared with the pyramid and Simpson's methods. The partial volume of the left ventricle and septum was subtracted from total volume of right and left ventricle including interventricular septum. Thus right ventricular volume resulted. Total and partial volume were computer-assisted calculated by use of biplane methods, preferably Simpson's rule. The method was proved with thinwall silicon-rubber model hearts of the left and right ventricle. Two orthogonal planes in the long axis were filmed by radiography or scanned in a water bath by two-dimensional echocardiography equivalent to RAO and LAO-projections of cineangiocardiograms or to four- and two-chamber views of apical two-dimensional echocardiograms. For calculation of the major axes of the elliptical sections, summed up by Simpson's rule, they were derived from the LAO-projection and the four-chamber view, respectively, the minor axis approximated from the RAO-projection and the two chamber view. For comparison of direct-measured volume and two-dimensional echocardiographically determined volume, regression equation was given by y = 1.01 x -3.2, correlation-coefficient, r = 0.977, and standard error of estimate (SEE) +/- 10.5 ml. For radiography, regression equation was y = 0.909 x + 13.3,r = 0.983, SEE = +/- 8.0 ml. For pyramid method and Simpson's rule, higher standard errors and lower correlation coefficients were found. Between radiography and two dimensional echocardiography a mean difference of 4.3 +/- 13.2 ml, using subtraction method, and -10.2 +/- 22.9 ml, using pyramid method, as well as -0,6 +/- 18.5 ml, using Simpson's rule, were calculated for right ventricular volume measurements. Differences were not significant. The subtraction method seems to be useful for calculation of right ventricular volume by radiography as well as two-dimensional echocardiography. Further studies in isolated hearts and patients are necessary for final judgment of the accuracy of this new method. PMID- 7124062 TI - [Coronary arterial dissection following selective coronary artery perfusion]. AB - Dissection of the three coronary vessels as a rare fatal complication after intraoperative cannulation is described. A 58-year-old man died from progressive cardiac failure 12 days after mitral and aortic valve replacement. The cause of death was a nearly 12-day-old anteroseptal myocardial infarction as a result of a dissection of all three coronary vessels including the septal arteries. Histologic examination revealed a tear of the left and right coronary artery at their ostia. Thrombi of different age in the dissection and satellite-like recent necroses surrounding the 12-day-old myocardial infarction indicate a gradual progression of the dissection. PMID- 7124061 TI - [Follow-up studies in 64 patients with WPW syndrome after electrostimulation]. AB - In 65 out of 79 patients with WPW syndrome who had extensive electrostimulation studies, a follow-up evaluation (mean follow-up period 2.5 years) was performed. The patients were divided into 2 groups: Group 1: No therapy or therapy only during tachycardia. Group 2: Continuous oral drug therapy. There was no difference of antegrade and retrograde refractory periods, but there was a significant difference in the initiation of tachycardias. In group 1, the typical reentry tachycardia using the AV node antegradely and the accessory pathway retrogradely was predominant, while in group 2, complex arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation + reentry tachycardia, tachycardias using the accessory pathway in both directions, reentry tachycardia + AV-nodal tachycardia, isolated atrial fibrillation) during electrostimulation could be induced. all except 1 patient in whom no tachycardia could be initiated were in group 1 (statistically significant difference). Thus the type of tachycardia which can be initiated during electrostimulation is a better predictor for the condition in the follow-up period than the refractory period. As concomitant disease there were 4 cases with Ebstein disease (2 had additional mitral valve prolapse syndrome) and 3 cases with mitral valve prolapse syndrome. 3 of the 4 patients with Ebstein disease were in group 2. 1 of the 64 patients died during the follow-up period suddenly, but the cause of death is not known and possibly due to medical therapy. The mortality in a non-selected group of patients with WPW syndrome seems to be very low. PMID- 7124063 TI - [Long-term observation in patients with mitral and aortic valve disease under conservative management]. AB - 127 patients with diagnosis of acquired mitral and aortic valve disease confirmed by cardiac catheterization were followed for 5-17 years (mean 10 years) under conservative management. At the end of the study, 80 patients were still alive, and 68 of them were examined again. 23 patients died, and no information was available on 24. Analysis of the natural course of the disease showed that results obtained with different classification systems (NYHA, clinical findings, hemodynamic data) were not comparable. However, the majority of mitral and combined mitral-aortic lesions remained stable over the years, independent on the initial classification of the lesion. Aortic valve disease became hemodynamically worse in the absence of subjective and clinical change. PMID- 7124064 TI - [Care of the aged in the intermediate state between self care and outside help]. PMID- 7124065 TI - [Scope and limits of independent housekeeping for the aged--a contribution for the determination of needed help]. AB - This paper proceeds from the premise that adequate help for the aged has to take into account the internal as well as the external conditions of the household. In order to determine the extent to which help is required in a specific situation, the private household is analyzed as a system of elements and their interdependence. Next, the preconditions for maintaining independence in the tasks of household management are pointed out. There are personal characteristics (ability, attitudes, skills) in relation to the means economic and social environment. Finally, the approach and methodology applied in carrying out several case studies aimed at determining the limitations of the aged in managing their situation and the extent to which they need help in specific cases are presented. PMID- 7124066 TI - [Housing conditions and self care with the aged]. AB - The spatial and architectural characteristics as well as the facilities of flats and buildings occupied by the sixty-to-ninety-year-old metropolitan population are investigated, in order to determine a) the conditions under which the aged perform their basic household maintenance as well as their activities of every day life; b) the (working) conditions under which specific ambulant services could be performed. The data were obtained from residents of different urban environments: 1. an inner-city area with predominantly old buildings, 2. a suburban new housing development. The control group was a sample of aged persons from the entire West Berlin area. The old urban region provides conditions, which place very high demands on the physical capabilities and constitute definite health hazards. Self-care under such conditions means "muddling through". The risk that even a minor physical disability would imply total dependence on care is considerable. PMID- 7124067 TI - [Income as a condition of self care in the aged]. AB - The current type of distribution of tasks between the generations leads to a system of income maintenance programs for the aged, which is based on their own past (largely statutory) provision for their old age income via public institutions. On the whole, the aged are to a very limited degree in the labor force. Most of them receive public transfer payments. On the average, the diverse income maintenance systems dependent on own past performance provide a fairly substantial income level when compared with wages and salaries. The transfer level is largely dependent on the type of old age security institution, on the extent of past labor force participation or contribution and past income; consequently it is quite diverse. Sex largely correlates with income differentials. While some groups end up with retirement incomes higher than their last wage income, others are definitely needy. Especially women constitute a substantial part of the poor. Besides low income, the danger of becoming a nursing case makes the aged dependent on other persons' or institutions' aid. The forthcoming reform of the public pension system shows little hope of eliminating the pockets of poverty among the aged by assuring a redistribution also among the aged. PMID- 7124068 TI - [Community aid to the aged between self care and social planning]. AB - The aid to the aged at the local level is aimed at compensating for deficiencies in the economic and social environment in the face of decreasing capability for self-reliance. An analysis of the present system demonstrates its rather narrowly confined scope. If the planning process concerned with social service provision was more geared towards specific needs of the elderly, this scope could be increased. The methods as well as the procedures applied in analyzing the needs have a crucial impact on the success of such an attempt. In the context of the currently ongoing discussion on self-help, the results of an investigation into the actual needs and wants of the concerned population can provide definite guidelines for the future developement of of programs in favor of aiding the aged at the local level. In the concluding section, a design incorporating the individual or specific needs--the integrated open system of service and care for the aged--is introduced. Chances and possibility for introducing such a system are discussed. PMID- 7124069 TI - [Various aspects of a care system tuned to the requirements of those needing assistance]. AB - The risk of becoming a nursing case dependent on care is one not covered by social insurance in the Federal Republic of Germany. The costs involved have to be borne by the individual needing care, his family or the respective public aid institution. The currently existing facilities for care, especially the nursing homes, are generally not considered acceptable and satisfactory by potential users. Social service provisions outside nursing homes are more widely appreciated, specially on account of the usual desire to retain a more independent and autonomous life style. Most inmates of nursing homes are dependent on public aid, considering the costs of these institutions. Fiscal burdens on public households in connection with providing public aid to persons in nursing homes have increased more than proportionately. Moreover the number of the very old aged who will be nursing cases with a very high probability is increasing. Taking into consideration the interest of the potential users as well as the economic restrictions, the use of existing in-patient nursing facilities in accordance with actual need, as well as the increase of out-patient service stations, seems to make an increase in the in-patient nursing facilities unnecessary. As prerequisite for this, however, in-patient care has to be restricted to those cases really requiring such care, and out-patient services must not altogether neglect criteria of efficiency. PMID- 7124071 TI - [Self-help in old age--notes on new attempts]. PMID- 7124070 TI - [The structure of old age insurance carriers and the principle of subsidies]. AB - This paper reports on the organizational structure of public and non-public welfare institutions for the aid to the aged. The latter ("charitable non-profit associations") constitute the most important social institutions based on voluntary rather statutory provision of social services in the Federal Republic of Germany. The first section is devoted to a description of the legel provisions regarding goals, institutions, type and means of service provision of different institutions aiding the aged in relation to each other. In conclusion, the hierarchical structure of the institutions is discussed in relation to the observance of the principle of subsidiarity. In the framework of a critical discussion of the concept of neocorporationalism, it is pointed out that in any analysis of the institutional structure of the aid to the aged it is necessary to take into consideration the behavior of those concerned. PMID- 7124072 TI - [The lung of the aged man: age changes and diseases of old age]. PMID- 7124074 TI - [Proceedings of the German Orthopedic and Traumatology Society. 68th meeting, 7 10 October 1981, Heidelberg. Abstracts]. PMID- 7124073 TI - [Surgical interventions on the gallbladder and the biliary tract in the aged]. AB - The surgery of the gall bladder by gallstones, bile duct and alterations of the duodenal papilla are conducted with an increase of lethality. This increased lethality is caused by accompanying ill effects, especially chronical pancreatitis, cholangitis, disturbances of the liver. The indications to operate old patients are occlusions of duodenal papilla relapsing colics with or less occlusing icterus, emphysema of gall bladder or perforation. A careful narcosis is necessary by disease of circulation, diabetes, bronchitis and emphysema of the lung. Simple cholestectomies in old patients have a mortality of 0-1%. Interventions on bile ducts, transduodenal papillotomia, choledochoduodenotomy have an mortality of 4-8%. The intraoperative cholangiography is always necessary. Operations on bile duct are finished by inserting a T-drain. The distal portion of the T-drain are not emissed through the duodenal papilla, because a pancreatitis can be released. The principal postoperative complication is the pancreatitis, consumption coagulopathy, bronchopneumonia, cholangitis with intermitting fever and injuries of the liver parenchym. The persisting pancreatitis can be treated with infusions. PMID- 7124075 TI - [Cooperative research in general medicine]. PMID- 7124076 TI - [Surgical therapy of ornamental tatooing]. PMID- 7124077 TI - [Contact eczema]. PMID- 7124078 TI - [Skin tumors]. PMID- 7124079 TI - [Interval therapy of chronic dermatoses]. PMID- 7124081 TI - [Emergency in general medicine (21). Burns]. PMID- 7124080 TI - [ECG--review and quiz (13)]. PMID- 7124082 TI - [Peripheral arterial occlusive disorders]. PMID- 7124083 TI - [Anesthesia and fitness for surgery. Preoperative diagnosis in elective interventions]. PMID- 7124084 TI - [Ambulatory surgery]. PMID- 7124085 TI - [Ambulatory urologic operations]. PMID- 7124086 TI - [ECG--repetitorium and quiz (15)]. PMID- 7124087 TI - [Emergencies in general practice (27). Acute urinary retention]. PMID- 7124088 TI - [Andante umano]. PMID- 7124089 TI - [Diabetes mellitus. Thoughts on the treatment of old age diabetes in practice ambulatory]. PMID- 7124090 TI - [Isolated superior gluteal nerve injury caused by an injection]. PMID- 7124091 TI - [Lendormin (brotizolam) as a hypnotic for ambulatory patients. Effectiveness compared with nitrazepam in a double-blind study]. PMID- 7124093 TI - [Interoception and brain tonus]. PMID- 7124094 TI - Cancer trends: aspiration biopsy of the breast. PMID- 7124092 TI - [Diabetes mellitus?]. PMID- 7124095 TI - Clinicopathologic conference: massive hematemesis. PMID- 7124097 TI - [Experimental biomicroscopy of the microcirculatory bed: potentials, limits, prospects]. PMID- 7124096 TI - Pseudoaneurysm following balloon counterpulsation. PMID- 7124098 TI - [Emotional tension and hypokinesia in the genesis of disorders of cardiac activity and hypertensive states]. PMID- 7124099 TI - [Coronary vessels and the myocardial contractile apparatus in immune damage to the heart (histochemical and ultrastructural studies)]. PMID- 7124100 TI - [Blood circulation and the energetics of human forearm muscles]. PMID- 7124102 TI - [Photochemotherapy of psoriasis in combination with the external use of photosensitizing agents]. PMID- 7124101 TI - [Contractions of the lymphatic vessels, their regulation and functional role]. PMID- 7124103 TI - [Effect of photochemotherapy on the daily excretion of C-21-corticosteroids in psoriasis]. PMID- 7124104 TI - [Dehydrogenase activity in hypertrophic cicatrices in combined treatment processes]. PMID- 7124105 TI - [Congenital pigmented hairy nevus]. PMID- 7124106 TI - [Pathomorphological studies in alopecia areata]. PMID- 7124107 TI - [Clinical and electron microscopy evaluation of therapeutic effectiveness in chronic pyoderma using antibiotics in combination with dekaris (levamisole)]. PMID- 7124108 TI - [Darrier-Ferrand dermatofibrosarcoma]. PMID- 7124110 TI - [Diffuse infiltrative form of Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann's sarcoid]. PMID- 7124109 TI - [Romberg's progressive facial hemiatrophy]. PMID- 7124113 TI - [Prodigiozan electrophoresis in the combined treatment of gonorrhea in women]. PMID- 7124111 TI - [Diagnosis of papulonecrotic tuberculosis]. PMID- 7124114 TI - [Clinical aspects of chlamydial urethritis in men]. PMID- 7124112 TI - [Zooanthroponotic microsporosis in infants]. PMID- 7124115 TI - [Analysis of the errors in diagnosing infectious forms of syphilis]. PMID- 7124116 TI - [Nummular syphilid as a source of diagnostic errors]. PMID- 7124117 TI - Comparative studies of the inhibitory action of some legume seeds, potato tubers, and bran against human and bovine proteinases. AB - Inhibition of human trypsin and chymotrypsin by proteinase inhibitors of plant origin was studied using the juice from the small intestine, without separation of the two enzymes, and synthetic amide substrates (BAPA, GLUPHEPA). The results were compared with the inhibition of the corresponding bovine enzymes. Extracts and preparations from legume seeds (13 Papilionoideae, 2 Caesalpinioideae, 3 Mimosoideae), potato tubes and bran were used as inhibitors; 9 of the seed extracts studied inhibited human chymotrypsin more and human trypsin less than the bovine enzymes. In similar tests 5 seed extracts inhibited the two human enzymes more than the bovine enzymes, whilst only one extract inhibited the two human enzymes less than the two bovine enzymes, and another inhibited human trypsin more and human chymotrypsin less than the bovine enzymes. In particular, human chymotrypsin was between two and twelve times as strongly inhibited as the bovine enzyme by some two thirds of the species studied, sometimes exhibiting chymotrypsin-inhibitory activities usually observed only with trypsin. Inhibitor preparations from the above legumes and two non-leguminous plant foods exhibited similar results. PMID- 7124118 TI - Composition of cereal germ preparations. AB - Germ from wheat, rye, triticale, barley and oat was prepared by passing the grain through an Entoleter impact mill. The content of a number of important nutrients in the germ preparations was determined in order to make a preliminary evaluation of the potential use of these preparations as food ingredients. alpha-Tocopherol, polyunsaturated lipids, protein, threonine, methionine, lysine, raffinose, sucrose, thiamin and riboflavin were chosen since these are the components regarded as most important in commercial wheat germ. All the germ preparations had compositions essentially similar to published values for commercial wheat germ derived from flour milling. The germ lipids of rye and triticale had a very high content of linolenic acid which could lead to problems of oxidative rancidity. Otherwise, the germ preparations appear suitable as an alternative to commercial mill gem for food ingredient applications. PMID- 7124120 TI - Colostomies in infancy and childhood. PMID- 7124121 TI - Intraabdominal incarceration through the window of the dorsal peritoneum. PMID- 7124119 TI - A chemical study of the protein fraction of Mediterranean sweet almond varieties (Prunus amygdalus). AB - The protein contents and amino-acid compositions of five Mediterranean almond varieties were determined. The protein contents were between 18 and 24 g/100 g of almond, according to variety. The content of each amino-acid, expressed in g/100 g of protein, was similar in all varieties. The essential amino-acid composition was compared with the FAO pattern of amino-acid requirements and to the protein of milk and eggs. Percentages of albumins, globulins, glutelins and prolamines were also determined. PMID- 7124122 TI - [Solitary hamartomatous polyp of the small bowel in childhood]. PMID- 7124123 TI - [Benign secondary disturbance of consciousness (posttraumatic stupor) in children after cerebral trauma]. AB - This is a report on a benign secondary disturbance of consciousness in children after commotio cerebri. The sleepy state is usually seen 15-60 minutes after the injury and continues for about 3 hours. Nearly 1/3 of the patient also had neurologic signs. The characteristic EEG changes consist of slight to moderate slowing-down of the basic activity. The clinical signs subside quickly but generally, the EEG is not normalised before 5 days to 6 weeks after the trauma. A detailed report is given on one child with this somnolent state as one of the 49 observed cases. PMID- 7124124 TI - [Surgery of pulmonary hydatid diseases in childhood]. AB - Fourteen cases of hydatid cysts of the lung in childhood are reported. The lung organ constitutes the most frequent site of the disease in childhood. The possible pathogenetic factors and the complications such as rupture and suppuration of the cyst are described. Conservative surgical procedures are recommended. The value of prophylaxis against the disease in infants and young children is emphasised. PMID- 7124125 TI - Incubator radiographic diagnosis of intestinal perforation in the newborn. PMID- 7124126 TI - [Severe trauma of neck and skull base ]. AB - The concept of internal decapitation comprises lesions within the skull base, upper spinal column with partial or complete destruction of the cervical part of the medulla. By means of casualties due to internal decapitation we demonstrate that, besides the known causes, a rotational damage at the juncture of the upper spinal column to the skull base as well as fractures by axial stretching may cause such traumas. A decrease of such accident's consequences is hardly possible because of the amount of energy involved causing the damage. Due to a steady increase of traffic, particularly by motor-bicycle, we shall have to cope with more cases of this kind of damage. PMID- 7124127 TI - [Poisoning by diphenhydramine--forensic-toxicologic interpretation of analytic results ]. AB - Several poisonings by diphenhydramine were reported shortly after it had been introduced as an antihistamine in 1945. In the Federal Republic of Germany its combination with 8-chlorotheophylline (dimenhydrinate) is available as a hypnotic without prescription. Replacing the dangerous diethylpentenamide diphenhydramine is a drug which is also often abused. Fatal poisonings, suicide attempts, and traffic accidents were increasingly observed. In seven cases drug-influenced road users caused traffic accidents. We observed blood concentrations of diphenhydramine as high as in four cases of clinically treated patients after ingestion of large doses. This indicates a serious drug abuse. The measurement of the concentration of diphenhydramine and its major metabolite (diphenmethoxy acetic acid) in blood and urine is a means of recognizing chronic use and misuse of diphenhydramine. As the metabolite accumulates in blood one may find an elevated level after multiple dosing. Shortly after taking a single dose no or only low metabolite concentration is found. The concentration of diphenhydramine and its metabolite was measured in several fatal cases. In one of these cases the concentration in body fluids and tissues was in a range not observed until now. PMID- 7124128 TI - Calculation of percentage of cases on file with an unnamed father in 100 one-man and 100 two-man cases (filiation cases) from South-West Germany in 1976-1981. Ratio of defendants to witnesses among non-excluded men in two-man cases. AB - Applying the formula of Schulte-Monting and Hummel to 100 one-man affairs (filiation cases) in South-West Germany between 1979 and 1981 gave a realistic prior probability of paternity of 0.837 +/- 0.0372. This means that in approximately 83.7% of all one-man affairs the man named by the mother to be the father of her child is indeed the father. For two-man affairs a realistic prior probability of paternity of 0.863 +/- 0.0369 was calculated on the basis of 100 two-man affairs in South-West Germany between 1976 and 1981. In other words, there is a probability of about 86.3% that a non-excludable man--irrespective of other factors--in a two-man affair is the real father of the child. In approximately 13.7% of two-man affairs neither the "defendant" nor the witness is the father, but a third unknown person. In about 85.7% of the two-man affairs in which a father of the child was named the "defendant" is in fact the father and in 14.3% the "witness" is the father. PMID- 7124130 TI - [Injuries of the common carotid artery due to reanimation measures ]. AB - The status of the large vessels of the neck was determined after emergency intubation in 65 primary atraumatic casualties in the endeavor to provide accident surgeons working under extreme conditions with a check on results to optimize their therapy. Besides the findings in the vertebral artery (shown in 35 cases), which was traumatized in one case, the main attention was dedicated to the injury pattern of the common carotid artery. In this artery, intimal ruptures within the bifurcation were found in three cases, combined in one case with a subintimal hemorrhage on the contralateral side. As compared to other forms of force leading to an injury of the common carotid artery, reanimation causing traction and hyperextension of the neck is also considered an injurious stress. The unconscious patient is especially endangered as he has no possibility of pain elicited defense if a helper hyperextends the neck under pressure from below in the vertex of the lordosis. PMID- 7124129 TI - Homicidal and camouflaged carbon monoxide poisoning in Japan. AB - There were 1,985 fatal cases of CO poisoning in the Tohoku district of Japan in the period from 1969 to 1980. Among them, 1,322 cases were suicidal, 662 accidental, and one homicidal, in which a man killed his wife with the self-made CO gas to obtain by fraud a large amount of life insurance. Our nationwide survey revealed four other cases of homicidal CO poisoning and two cases of camouflaged CO poisoning. The police and police surgeons should be cautious enough in cases of CO poisoning. PMID- 7124131 TI - Genetic polymorphism of FUC (EC 3.2.1.51.) in Polish population. AB - In a sample of the Polish population numbering 271 persons three FUC phenotypes were encountered by cellulose acetate gel isoelectric focusing (CAGIF). The frequencies of FUC1 and FUC2 genes were 0.653 and 0.347, respectively. The FUC system has proven to be of high value for paternity testing. PMID- 7124133 TI - [Artefact in the panorama x-ray]. PMID- 7124134 TI - Sudden unexpected child death associated with ingestion of fluid dish detergent. AB - A case of sudden unexpected death of a 13-month-old child is reported. The immediate cause of death was aspiration of stomach contents. The autopsy and microscopical examinations revealed cerebral oedema, organ congestion and an increased number of neutrophils in germinal centres of mesenterial lymph nodes and spleen. The finding of ethanol and methanol (5.2 and 0.1%) and of significant amounts f a surface-active agent (linear alkyl benzene sulphonate) in the stomach contents indicated consumption of a fluid dish detergent prior to death. The blood ethanol concentration was below 0.1% and urine ethanol and methanol concentrations were 0.28% and 0.04%. The possibility that ethanol-containing detergents may trigger hypoglycemic attacks is discussed. PMID- 7124132 TI - [The role of genetic load in the development of reactive psychotic states leading to severe violence. Study of a case of "homicide arson" double and extended suicide]. AB - Using the casuistic presentation of a case of arson with ensuing double murder and extended suicide by jumping over a rock face, we discuss to what extent genetic disposition is important for the formation of reactive-psychotic states that lead to crimes of extreme violence. From the results of protracted research on the previous history of the perpetrator and of his relatives, a multifactorial disposition toward affective psychoses, alcoholism, epilepsy, and suicide was discovered. On the other hand, in the long-term longitudinal observation of the perpetrator, manic depressiveness was diagnosed, which was characterized by a rapid bi-polar phase shift. This supports the opinion of the authors--partially contradictory to the literature--that such affective outbursts, which have apparently arisen purely reactively, but which lead to murder and suicide, in most cases arise on an endogenic basis. In such cases one should not speak of an exclusively reactive depression (mania) before the possibility of an endogenic component has been excluded. The latter, however, can only be detected through precise long-term longitudinal diagnosis and data on the family's psychiatric history. Otherwise, an endo-reactive depression (mania) must be diagnosed. This implies in these cases at least an "irresistible impulse" (Dispositionsunfahigkeit) of the perpetrator. PMID- 7124136 TI - [Late death in congenital toxoplasmosis]. AB - In spite of a known toxoplasmosis infection rate of up to 90% of the population of the Federal Republic of Germany published T-cases decrease steadily. T infection during gravidity may cause more pathologic alterations in the infant cerebrum than is commonly assumed. Medico-legal aspects are very rare. A case of connatal toxoplasmosis in a 19 months old infant was found at exhumation (16 days p.m.). In the cerebrum T-parasites, terminal colonies and calcified spots were observed. Specific morphological and immunohistological findings lead to the diagnosis. The medico-legal problems of this case are discussed. PMID- 7124135 TI - [Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis]. AB - We report the case of a 33-year-old man who suddenly died with the symptoms of a cardio-respiratoric insufficiency. As cause of death we found pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (MAP) with intra-alveolar calcifications and fibrosis of the alveolar margin. It is not known whether this diagnosis was found during lifetime. In our forensic experience we never met a case of this rare illness causative of sudden natural death. PMID- 7124137 TI - [Empirical results on the consultation behavior of neurotic and psychosomatic patients]. AB - The present investigation is concerned with data on the behaviour of out-patients during counselling. On the clinical diagnostic level three test groups were formed, consisting of neurotic patients, of patients with somatic illnesses, and of patients with stomach ulcers (the latter were chosen as examples for psychosomatic illness). The group-specific differences in the collected data on the duration of the illness, the latency before seeking consultation, and the number of consultants, as well as the reasons for a change in the consultant, show a polarized position of the neurotic versus the ulcer patients while the somatically ill patients occupy a middle position. The results may be interpreted as a process of designation typical for each specific illness and being viewed as variables imminent to the specific illness as well. PMID- 7124138 TI - [The psychovegetative disorders as an ego-structural problem]. AB - The personality structure of patients suffering from psychovegetative disorders is described in the present article from aspects of the psychology of the ego. The focus of all such disorders is a defective desomatization of affectations and the functions of perception. In proportion to the extent of the developmental disorder this specific pathology of the ego is either employed regressively in the defense of conflicts or serves for the release of a structurally strongly limited ego. More precise investigation of the ego structure leads to the descrimination between vegetative neuroses as limited ego pathology on the one hand and psychovegetative disorders in the context of a more extensive ego pathology, as they occur in borderline syndromes or serious narcissistic disorders of the personality on the other. Diagnostically the discrimination may be made by considering the patients own description of their complaints and the structure of their characters, by evaluating the quality of anxiety and affectations, and on the basis of the dynamics of the psychotherapeutic relationship. Consequently there are characteristic differences for the course of treatment. PMID- 7124139 TI - [The interactional part of transference in partner choice and partner change]. PMID- 7124143 TI - [7th Symposium of the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Research Project. 1]. PMID- 7124142 TI - [Secondary oxalosis in chronic renal insufficiency]. AB - The concentration of oxalic acid was determined in the plasma of 15 patients with conservatively treated chronic renal insufficiency and 17 dialysis patients. A cumulation of oxalic acid was found in connection with uraemia. The extent to which plasma oxalic acid concentrations were raised depended on the degree of renal insufficiency and was directly related to the plasma creatinine values in all patients with or without dialysis. In the patients with chronic renal insufficiency the median plasma oxalic acid concentration was 74.4-18.5 (control group 27.0 +/- 7.4) mumol/l. In the dialysis patients the levels were even higher, at 137.5 +/- 56.0 mumol. By means of haemodialysis it was possible to lower the plasma oxalic levels by about the same amount as creatinine concentrations. The higher plasma oxalic acid concentrations seem to be an important pathogenetic factor in the formation of uraemic calcification in various organs. The therapeutic consequences are to increase the duration and frequency of dialysis and to remedy possible vitamin B6 deficiency. PMID- 7124141 TI - [Psychosomatic diseases of the eye--a review]. AB - After remarks on the uncritical use of the term "hysteria" in some investigations on psychosomatic phenomena in ophthalmology some recent reviews are presented, followed by the results of psychosomatic research on specific ophthalmological diseases. Dealing with glaucoma controlled studies are emphasized which attempt to determine the structure of neuroses and the importance of environmental situations. Using the MMPI high values on the scales 'depression', 'hypochondria' and 'hysteria' were observed. In previous attempts to influence glaucoma psychotherapeutically mainly autosuggestive and hypnotizing methods have been applied. The number of reported cases of psychogenic blindness has decreased considerably. We discuss, that it may not only be caused by the mechanism of hysterical conversion but also by a tendency to regression in schizoid neurotic structure. Concerning asthenopia and amblyopia the dependence of vision and visual acuity of the level of vegetative innervation is being accentuated; there appear to be correlations between certain errors of refraction and certain personality patterns. Psychiatric diseases may also influence vision: observations in paranoid and affective psychoses of later life and in schizophrenic children confirm it. This leads to the question, if schizoid neurotic structure can also be characterized by a specific disturbance in affective relations to sensations. Examples are given for investigations on other diseases (ablantio retinae, retinopathia centrales serosa), on the problem of self mutilation (auto-enuclation) and on neurophysiological question (psychogenic influences on pupil size). PMID- 7124140 TI - [The unwanted pregnancy--a neurotic conflict solving attempt? An analysis of the conflict situations of 228 abortion patients]. AB - In the gynaecological department of a Berlin hospital 228 abortion patients were examined during a period of ten months. The examination consisted of a psychoanalytic survey, the answering of the Giessen-Test S and a questionnaire on stress. The patients had had permission for abortion and were hospitalized. The abortions were to be carried on the next day. The crucial point of the survey was to classify the psycho-social situation at the time of conception. Several typical conflict-situations were determined in which the "unwanted pregnancy" as a symptom had had the function of overcoming the actual neurotic conflicts. The typical conflict-situations and the corresponding functions are described. PMID- 7124145 TI - [Health protection in the paint industry from the plant physician's viewpoint]. PMID- 7124146 TI - [Effect of one-way respiration protective masks on blood lead and ALA levels in lead glass grinders]. PMID- 7124147 TI - [Registration of nosocomial infections]. PMID- 7124149 TI - [Surgical infections in patients suffering from haematological diseases]. AB - Due to their systemic character, haematological diseases may interfere with erythro-, granulo- and thrombopoiesis, thus causing the onset of infections especially in cases of neutropenia and thrombopenia. Not only the defence mechanism of the individual is impaired by the basic disease but by the different therapeutic measures as well. Close cooperation between the haematologist and surgeon is of fundamental importance here. PMID- 7124144 TI - [Survey of work load and stress in heat-exposed work stations in the iron and steel industry]. PMID- 7124150 TI - [Constructional hygienic premises for prevention of nosocomial infections]. PMID- 7124148 TI - [Infection in vascular surgery]. PMID- 7124152 TI - [Bauhin's valve syndrome]. AB - The syndrome of the ileocecal valve is a rare and rather unknown disease. Its clinical diagnosis is very difficult. The symptoms are those of the transient, periodic small bowel obstruction. Radiologic and endoscopic examination may be helpful, but a definitive diagnosis is obtained only by exploratory laparotomy. Surgical treatment of the ileocecal valve syndrome is the right hemicolectomy with subsequent terminoterminal ileo-colostomy. PMID- 7124151 TI - [New principles in liver surgery]. AB - 39 patients with metastases to the liver from colorectal cancer were treated with liver resection. The average survival time was 25 months. 11 patients are alive after 10 to 102 months. 18 patients had liver resection for primary liver cancer. The average survival time was 27 months. 4 patients are alive after 27 to 84 months. 16 patients had temporary dearterialisation for carcinoid. All the surviving patients were free from symptoms for at least 6 months. PMID- 7124153 TI - [Experiences with the Soviet suture stapler SPTU in colon and and rectum surgery. Controlled study of 94 patients]. AB - In a controlled study the practicability, tightness of the anastomosis and complications in the p.o. period were analyzed in a total 94 colon and rectum anastomoses by making use of the SPTU-model. 28% of the patients operated in this way were more than 70 years old, the average age came up to 63.3 years. The incidence of anastomotic leakage after low anterior resection was 24% and 5.5% after high anterior resection. 17 per cent of the patients suffered from complications during the postoperative period and 2 patients (2.1 per cent) came to death. The results of 36 high and 58 low anterior resections justify the further use of the SPTU auto-suture apparatus. PMID- 7124154 TI - [Diseases and injuries of retroperitoneal connective tissue]. PMID- 7124155 TI - [Submucous cavernous lymphangioma in the ileum ileus of the small intestine]. PMID- 7124156 TI - [Detection of bacteria and fungi in blood samples. German Society for Hygiene and Microbiology. Commission for guidelines for microbiological diagnosis]. PMID- 7124157 TI - [Simultaneous isolation of infected and non-infected clones of mycoplasmas from plaques obtained on acholeplasma laidlawii lawns with a virus of group L1 of Gourlay]. PMID- 7124158 TI - Lytic activity of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus against bacteria of the family Legionellaceae. AB - A lytic activity of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus strains 6-5-S and 12 was found to be present, against representatives of three Legionella species: Legionella pneumophila-strains Knoxville 1 (serogroup 1), Togus 1 (serogroup 2), Bloomington 2 (serogroup 3) and Los Angeles 1 (serogroup 4); Legionella micdadei-strain Tatlock; Legionella bozemanii-strain Wiga, as well as against strains of Legionella pneumophila isolated in Bulgaria-Draginovo 1, 2, 3-belonging to serogroup 1. It is suggested that B. bacteriovorus participates in the self purification of the environment from legionellae. PMID- 7124160 TI - [Salmonella fulda: a new serovar of subgenus I (1, 3, 19:l, w:1, 5)]. PMID- 7124159 TI - [Results from the hepatitis A-virus diagnostic of the hygiene-institut in Tubingen]. AB - The age-specific and seasonal distribution of serologically confirmed hepatitis A cases in the area of Tubingen in southern Germany is reported. During 1978-1980 most of the hepatitis A-cases diagnosed by high anti-HAV-IgM titers occurred from September to December. The age distribution of patients with German names showed two age-related peaks, the first one in young children 5-10 years of age and a second one in young adults between 20-30 years. In patients with names suggesting mediterranean origin there is only one age-related peak in early childhood. A comparison of German children with children of foreign parents born and grown up in Germany shows an earlier infection and higher infection rate in the latter. The parents of these children are almost exclusively immigrant workers from mediterranean countries. Visits of the children to the home countries of their parents in which hepatitis A is very common are supposed to be of prime importance for the high prevalence and early occurrence of hepatitis A in this group. PMID- 7124161 TI - The antifungal activity of carrier peptides, L-arginyl-X-L-phenylalanine, containing amino acid antagonists or atypical non-biogenic D-amino acids in the central position. AB - Eleven analogues of L-arginyl-D-allo-threonyl-L-phenylalanine, a naturally occurring peptide with antifungal activity, were synthesized. Two tripeptides of the form L-arginyl-X-L-phenylalanine (X = p-F-DL-phenylalanine or m-F-DL tyrosine) inhibited Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus. In comparison with the free antagonists, the tripeptide-bound antagonists were more active against Candida-albicans-isolates which means that the amino acid sequence may serve as carrier function: it enhances delivery or uptake of the antimetabolite. PMID- 7124162 TI - [Microbial colonization of moistered bitumen and high-grade steel plaids revealed by scanning electron micrographs]. AB - There have been some reports about the increase of colonic counts and microbial growth on the surface of materials in the sphere of tap water. But there have been no hints about the development of the initial colonization with microorganisms from the water to a growth on the surface. The development of a microbial community on high-grade steel or solvent containing bitumen was revealed in a comparative study by scanning electron microscopy. There was hardly any increase in the count of bacteria on high-grade steel during the four weeks exposition. On bitumen there was a dense and multilayered growth with bacteria. Already within one week the number of bacteria on bitumen was much higher than on high-grade steel. PMID- 7124164 TI - [Mycoses caused by fungal spores in indoor air]. AB - Airborne fungal spores may cause mycoses and allergies. From the epidemiological angle, various modes of exposure are possible, viz. 1. Professional (Work with material contaminated with fungi); 2. Accidental (Growth or presence of fungi owing to shortcomings of construction); and 3. Discrete, constant (Household associated activities such as keeping of potted plants and pets). To enable an evaluation of indoor air quality in respect of its content of fungal spores, a reliable mycological diagnosis is required. PMID- 7124163 TI - [Hygienic precautions and microbiological quality control during the manufacturing of sterile drugs]. AB - By the use of an example such as the production of a sterile solution, the hygienic precautions and control procedures required in the pharmaceutical industry are described. Starting materials should be free of germs and pyrogens. During production experimentally tested cleaning procedures for equipment are to be observed. A critical production step is the filtration. The time limits between starting and sterilizing the solution as well as the leakproofness of the filters have to be tested microbiological. --Special microbiological requirements exist for rooms, surfaces and clothes. Process-sterility control is carried out by periodic filling of ampules with nutrient broth. After running through the "compact unit" of the aseptic filling line the ampules contaminated before with endotoxin, are free of pyrogens. --Sterility depends on the count and kind of germs before sterilization procedure. The probability of survival of microorganismen should be less than 1:1 million. PMID- 7124165 TI - [Isolation of free-living amoebae from nasal mucosa of healthy individuals]. AB - In 13 out of 140 recruits examined (9.3%) one or several species of Acanthamoeba were identified in smears of the nasal mucosa. From among 20 isolated strains of amoebae the following species were determined: Acanthamoeba castellanii (42.2%), A. polyphaga (31.5%), A. palestinensis (26.3%), A. astronyxis (5.3%). The persons contaminated with amoebae were in good health at the time of sampling. It is assumed that an aerogenic contamination of the carriers took place. PMID- 7124167 TI - Yeasts in spa establishments. AB - It was investigated occurrence of yeasts on bathsurfaces, in sauna rooms, in swimming and therapeutic pool water. The number of yeasts decreased depending on patients age, if the rooms were furnished with bath. The lowest contamination was found after bath of 40-60 years-old women. In the saunas were yeasts not found on the upper benches with temperature above 55 degrees C. Much higher counts on lower benches and wood mats with temperature 35-40 degrees C, on basin walls and bottom-up to 10(4)-10(6)/100 cm2. It was isolated 172 yeast strains. The occurrence of some selected strains is given in Table 7, with the toxic effect of disinfectants. The most strains were resistant to Peracetic acid and Chloramin B. Since most of the isolated and determinated strains were found in contaminated environment or during various diseases, the yeasts of the genus Cryptococcus, Candida, Rhodotorula, Torulopsis and Metschnikowia should not occur in bath establishment, and should be classified among indicators of contamination of environment including water. PMID- 7124166 TI - [Examination of thermally polluted water for free living amoebae and testing for their possible pathogenic properties]. AB - Water and mud samples were collected from canals and rivers which were adjacent to outlets discharging warm water of 3 power plants in Berlin. Downstream samples from 1 bathing resort were also collected. Free living amoebae were isolated from 138 water and 69 mud samples. From these respectively 156 and 73 strains could be cultured and were administered intranasally to mice for pathogenicity tests. Two Acanthamoeba strains from water and 7 from mud could be reisolated from mouse brain and or lungs, although no pathological disorders could be observed. Five Naegleria strains were negative in mouse inoculation tests. Four Acanthamoeba strains which were positive in mice were cultured at + 45 degrees C; no cytopathogenic effects were observed in tissue cultures. Acanthamoeba infective for mice could also be isolated from samples at low water temperatures. Further investigations have to show, whether changes in virulence of amoebic strains are of significance and therefore for epidemiology and pathogenicity in man. PMID- 7124168 TI - [Methylotrophic bacteria in the sphere of drinking water. 2. Communication: biochemical/physiological and morphological characterisation of the isolated bacteria]. AB - 720 bacteria from 18 water samples were isolated under conditions which are expected to be selective for methylotrophic bacteria. The water samples derived from 11 different water plants including 5 which had to treat methane containing groundwater. All isolates had been characterized by 130 properties using the morphological features of the colonies and the cells as well as physiological and biochemical tests. Numerical and classical principles of taxonomy were applied to the data. Only 20% of the isolated bacteria pointed out to be methylotrophic, even the portion of obligate methylotrophic organisms was only 1%. PMID- 7124169 TI - [On the content of polycyclic aromatics in middle distillates]. AB - The concentrations of polycyclic aromatics determined up to now in Diesel fuel and light fuel oil are between five percent by weight for all and 0.02 percent by weight for nearly a dozen individuals. These results are contrasted and commented. It is not adequate to the problem to consider only a few polycycles in the analysis and to neglect practical completely alkylated derivates. Already for this reason the results with the small concentrations are not regarded to be characteristics for middle distillates. Probably insufficient analytics are also responsible for the determination of the low contents. PMID- 7124170 TI - [Experimental studies into effects of various antiseptics on vaginal flora]. AB - Substances of antiseptic action were tested for their intravaginal applicability in gynaecology and obstetrics. Serial dilution and diffusion tests were conducted to that end. The results were limited by the properties of the substances tested. Only few of the antiseptics tested seemed to be suitable for intravaginal application. PMID- 7124171 TI - [Detection of secretory immunoglobulin A in vaginal fluid of hysterectomised women]. AB - Secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) or the secretory component (SC) in vaginal fluid of hysterectomised patients were established by means of simple and double immunodiffusion, according to Mancini or Ouchterlony, using an S-IgA standard. Since S-IgA was recorded from vaginal fluid, general questions were raised for origin and transport mechanisms of this localised immunoglobulin. PMID- 7124172 TI - [Psychic guidance and sexual rehabilitation of patients with genital malignoma]. AB - Reported are results obtained from systematic interviews with 250 tumour after care patients at the Gynaecological Hospital of Jena University. Information was gathered on psychic and sexual problems, and conclusions were drawn for medical practice, with particular reference being made to enlightenment on the disease and to sexual rehabilitation. It is the established intention of all people involved in treatment and after-care to counteract by active therapy-accompanying spiritual influence psychic disbehaviour caused by the disease. Efforts to build up optimistic attitudes are intended to produce favourable effects upon all phases of the disease. PMID- 7124173 TI - [Postoperative analgesia by peridural piritramide application]. AB - Postoperative analgesia was achieved by peridural injection of small doses of piritramide (Dipidolor Gedeon Richter Budapest) to 24 gynaecological and surgical patients. Periods of action were longer than those obtainable from equivalent intramuscular or intravenous injections. Undesirable side effects of the opiates, such as disorders of respiration, vomiting, clouded consciousness, and suppression of cough reflex, were not observed. The method did not affect locomotor and sympathetic nerve fibres and, consequently, proved to be superior to postoperative analgesia by means of local anaesthesia. Repetitive injections can be made by nurses. Peridural opiate analgesia can be recommended for postoperative situations and for other patients with pain. PMID- 7124174 TI - [Unicornual uterus with normal outer surface and unilateral agenesis of ovary and kidney]. PMID- 7124175 TI - [Effectiveness of surgical and radiotherapeutic action on cervical carcinoma, stages I and II (T1 N0 M0 and T2 N0 M0). First communication]. AB - Reported in this paper are therapeutic results obtained from 855 patients with cervical carcinoma, Category T1 (557 patients) and Category T2 (298 patients), between 1967 and 1976. -- Metastasization of lymph nodes was recorded from 9.9 per cent of the patients in Category T1 and from 18.4 per cent in T2. --Abdominal radical surgery (Wertheim's operation) was applied to 87.3 per cent, while vaginal radical surgery (modified according to Schauta) was performed on 8.2 per cent, and the socalled "minor Wertheim", a modification devised at the authors' hospital, to 4.5 per cent. Complementary postoperative irradiation was used on 497 of 855 patients, with 93.6 per cent of these patients receiving postoperative irradiation under orthovolt conditions and 6.4 per cent under telecobalt conditions. -- Five-year survival rates were 87.5 per cent without postoperative irradiation and 83 per cent with postoperative irradiation in Category T1 or 78.1 per cent without irradiation and 73.2 per cent with irradiation in Category T2. Survival rates declined by about 30 per cent in cases with lymph node metastases. Manifestation of local recurrence was found to be delayed by about one to one-a half year by postoperative irradiation, an effect, however, which was no longer detectable after five years had passed. Differentiation of radiation doses had no bearings at all on healing. Adjuvant postoperative irradiation of patients in Category p T1 N0 M0 proved ineffective. Mortality following primary therapy amounted to 2.1 per cent. Morbidity accounted for 36.8 per cent of all patients, with due consideration being given to all intercurrent complications. PMID- 7124179 TI - [Therapeutic results in uterus sarcoma]. AB - Thirty-five cases of uterus sarcoma admitted to the Gynaecological Hospital of Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Charite, between 1963 and 1976, are reported in this paper. An account is given of the prognosis of uterus wall and mucous membrane sarcomata, with the authors' findings being compared with data from the literature. The need is emphasised for centralised treatment of the low number of cases. PMID- 7124177 TI - [Effectiveness of preventive gynecological examination in hospitalized patients]. AB - Three per cent of all non-gynaecological therapeutic cases (1,554 women) were examined on the premises of Medical Academy of Dresden, Gynaecological Outpatient Department, in the course of four years. Malignant or in situ processes were detected from 2.3 per cent of these probands. The figure was as low as 0.9 per cent of 41 per cent of the above probands who had come for prophylactic check only. This appears to underline the importance of early diagnosis of cervical carcinoma and other processes by persistent use of search techniques, such as colposcopy and cytology, and the need for continuous increase in the number of examinations. PMID- 7124176 TI - ["Multiphase screening" in big industrial city]. AB - Reported in this paper are results obtained from a scheme of computer-backed multiphase screening which has been conducted, with reference to a programme of WHO, for early detection of precursor and early phases of cervical carcinoma and for early detection of patients with hypertension. Evaluation included 54,088 prophylactic examinations through four and a half years. Notifiable diseases of the uterine cervix were recorded from 4.8% of all probands. Among them were 44 cases of severe dysplasia, 156 cases of in situ carcinoma, and 62 cases of invasive cervical carcinoma -- Complementary findings were obtained from 11.8 per cent of the cases. Clinical treatment of patients for such complementary findings were required by more than one in 100 women examined. Another 28 carcinomas were diagnosed and treated, in that context. -- Only 54,020 data were evaluated, in the context of the hypertension screening programme. Hypertension, originally unknown in more than 50 per cent of all cases, was recorded from 19.4 per cent of these women. At total of 16,714 women (42.2 per cent), aged between 20 and 49 years, was on hormonal contraceptives, and hypertension had grown manifest in 12.2 per cent of these. PMID- 7124178 TI - [Experimental induction of uterus tumours by modification of localised vascularization]. AB - Present knowledge of aetiopathogenesis of uterus fibroma is based on clinical observation and backed up by pathologico-anatomic laboratory studies. In some cases, tumours were experimentally induced to animals by oestrogenic stimulation. -- The vascular factor was considered to be of minor and unspecific importance to fibroma genesis, in the context of findings so far obtained. Clinical observations, however, suggested that certain vascular disorders in genital organs provided predisposition to tumour development. Rheographic and pelvophlebographic investigations have shown that uterus fibroma has always been accompanied by pelvic congestion. - These insights prompted the authors to undertake experimental studies into the role played by the vascular factor in the genesis of uterus fibroma. Oestrogenic stimulation was used to induce uterus tumours in guinea pigs, following artificially generated vascular changes, such as ischaemia and stasis. PMID- 7124180 TI - [Endodermal sinus tumour of the vagina]. PMID- 7124183 TI - [Candidiasis prevention in newborn infants of diabetic mothers]. AB - Two groups of 70 newborns each, all from diabetic mothers with and without nystatin prophylaxis, were compared, during the first three weeks of age, for incidence of mucocutaneous Candida albicans contamination (17 or 30 per cent) and for moniliasis (17 per cent in the group without prophylaxis and 71 per cent with Candida albicans contamination). Reference is made to modes of birth for comparison between pathogenesis and incidence of moniliasis and the need for prophylaxis of newborns delivered by diabetic mothers or by women with intact metabolism. PMID- 7124181 TI - [Ovarian tumour and pregnancy-case history]. PMID- 7124184 TI - [Plasma aldosterone in pregnancy, during labor and in the newborn infant]. AB - Plasma aldosterone levels of mother and child during pregnancy were measured by means of radio-immuno assay without chromatography. In cases of unconspicuous pregnancy average aldosterone concentrations were found to increase from 23.2 ng/100 ml in the first trimester to 37.2 ng/100 ml in the second trimester and further to 64.0 ng/100 ml in the third.--High values were recorded from mothers (71.9 ng/100 ml) after birth and from umbilical cord blood of vaginally delivered newborns (83.4 ng/100 ml).--Aldosterone values as low as 60.9 ng/100 ml were recorded from newborns delivered by caesarean section with reduced parturitional stress. These were lower with significance than the levels recordable from newborns after spontaneous vaginal delivery (83.4 ng/100 ml). Values lower with significance were recorded from plasma of pre-eclamptic women in the third trimester (41.9 ng/100 ml).--No difference was found to exist between aldosterone concentrations in umbilico-arterial blood, on the one hand, and those in umbilico venous blood, on the other. PMID- 7124182 TI - [Analysis of perinatal mortality and its consequences]. AB - Perinatal mortality at Landesfrauenklinik Salzburg was recorded by annual analysis of 19,533 births for the period between 1972 and 1979. Differentiation of 374 perinatal deaths was undertaken by antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum mortality as well as by weight groups above and below 2500 g. All 129 antepartum deaths were attributable to preclinical situations, since all cases concerned had been pregnancies with attention outside hospital and with stillbirths on first admission. All 45 intrapartum deaths were separately analysed by causes for the purpose of elucidating avoidable cases. Failures due to shortcomings in terms of personnel, equipment, and organisation were discussed for each year. Organisational consequences drawn from such evaluation are reported together with effects. Stepwise target-oriented re-organisation helped to reduce unpurified mortality from 24 to 7.7 per thousand (WHO) in the period under review, while purified perinatal mortality dropped from 12.5 to 1.0 per thousand. PMID- 7124186 TI - The diagnostic value of the Arias-Stella phenomenon. AB - A retrospective study was conducted into 146 hospitalised women with endometrial Arias-Stella phenomenon. Extra-uterine gravidity was recorded from only 24 cases (16 per cent). In 116 patients (79 per cent) the above phenomenon was observed in connection with spontaneous abortion or termination of pregnancy. PMID- 7124185 TI - [Maternal cardiopathy in relation to perinatal morbidity and mortality]. AB - Reference is made to pregnancy risks, including spontaneous abortion, prematurity, and foetal retardation, for women with haemodynamically important cardiopathies. The risk may be mitigated by high-continuity extended medical care in centres for cardio-angiopathies of women in pregnancy. Attention should be given in such centres not only to congenital and acquired cardiac defects, but to all circulatory disorders as well as to some diseases of the respiratory system. PMID- 7124189 TI - Rhinogenic cerebral abscesses. AB - The authors present a detailed description of a series of 46 personal cases of rhinogenic cerebral abscesses, diagnosed and treated in the Clinic of Neurosurgery of Bucharest between 1936 and 1979. Of the total number of cerebral abscesses the rhinogenic ones represent 5.67% and 11.70% of the total of adjacent abscesses. The authors make an exhaustive analysis of etiopathogenic, clinical, anatomic and therapeutic aspects of this type of cerebral abscesses. They stress the interest of the multi-locular forms which make up 45.65% of the total number of rhinogenic cerebral abscesses. Finally the results are presented, of the surgical treatment, and the neuropsychical sequelae. PMID- 7124188 TI - [The lucid interval in epidural hematoma]. AB - On the basis of 191 patients with epidural haematomas in an observation period of 15 years, an analysis of the patient group with non-classical symptoms was carried out. The opinions and theories regarding the generation of long-lasting lucid intervals found in the literature are mentioned and discussed on the basis of 3 typical examples. Owing to improved examination methods and early recognition, the mortality rate of the patients with epidural haematomas could be reduced from 54 per cent in the years 1961 to 1965 to about 10 per cent in the years 1975 to 1980. PMID- 7124187 TI - [Intrafollicular ovarian pregnancy after earlier salpingectomy]. AB - Reported in this paper is a case of ovarian gravidity, 13 years salpingectomy had been performed for tubal gravidity on the same side. Genesis of intrafollicular ovarian gravidity is discussed against the background of this case. Reference is made to necessary diagnostic action for the detection of such rare form of extra uterine gravidity. PMID- 7124190 TI - [The distribution of the intravascularly applied contrast medium diatrizoate in the cerebrospinal fluid]. AB - The examination of 2 so-called minipigs and 5 patients with respect to the distribution of intravenously applied Diatrizoate into the cerebrospinal fluid yielded the proof of a high blood-cerebrospinal gradient. After the establishment of the relative flow balance about 60 to 120 minutes after the injection, the concentration of the contrast medium in the cerebrospinal fluid reaches 1.0 to 1.5 per cent the blood level. This dose-dependent value is exceeded in case of a disturbed blood-brain barrier. Thus the neurotoxicity of this contrast medium gains special importance. PMID- 7124191 TI - [Problem of the early recognition of spinal cord tumors]. AB - Two thirds of a group of patients with 40 space-restricting processes in the region of the spinal canal were submitted to an operation in the stage of an incomplete transverse syndrome. A striking fact was that these patients had tumours of different histological classifications which were localised in the thoracic and thoraco-lumbal transitional region Tumours in the cervical and cervico-thoracic transitional region were mainly operated on in their early stages. They had a considerably shorter period of anamnesis from the beginning of the clinical symptoms up to the operation. A cause of the different periods of anamnesis with different localisations is discussed. PMID- 7124193 TI - [Are brain-protective measures in the reconstruction of extracranial vascular occlusions necessary?]. AB - Surgical reconstruction in extracranial vascular occlusions with a healing chance of 80 per cent and a mortality rate of 1 to 4 per cent in stage II after Vollmar has well established itself. The indication for reconstruction and the surgical technique are to a large extent standardised. The question of brain-protective measures during the intervention is still open. At the Surgical Clinic of the Medical Academy Magdeburg 74 vascular reconstructions were carried out in the period from 1975 to 1980. Only when multiple occlusions or stenoses were found, the intraluminal shunt technique was employed as a brain-protective measure in six patients. Postoperative neurological complications were only found in two patients in the form of a transient hemiparesis. The late results after five years showed during or an improvement of the complaints in 50 per cent. The total mortality during the observation period was II per cent. We are of the opinion that brain-protective measures in the reconstruction of extracranial vascular regions need not be employed as a routine measure. PMID- 7124192 TI - [Chronic calcified epidural hematoma. Case report]. PMID- 7124194 TI - [Ultrasonic Doppler technic as a method of functional control of extracranial intracranial anastomosis]. AB - The authors describe the use of the ultrasound Doppler technique for the postoperative control of extra-intracranial bypasses. They arrive at the result that the Doppler sonography, because of an agreement of sonographic and angiographic findings 85 per cent, should be given preference. Moreover, an ultrasonic examination does not involve any inconvenience or risks for the patient. PMID- 7124195 TI - [Supratentorial arachnoid cysts]. AB - In 11 of 13 patients with arachnoid cysts in the region of the cerebrum, diagnosis and indication for surgery could only be established by computer tomography. In one patient, a chronic subdural haematoma combined with a cyst was found, in one case a cyst could also be diagnosed by angiography and pneumoencephalography. In II patients there was a space-occupying effect of the cyst with compression of cerebral tissue and pronounced neurological symptoms, so that a cyst resection or removal was carried out in 10 patients and a shunt operation in one case. PMID- 7124196 TI - [Sensitivity of laboratory animals to Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi paralysis]. PMID- 7124197 TI - Ultrastructural study of experimental allergic neuritis in the chicken. II. Remyelinative changes. PMID- 7124199 TI - Helminths and pathomorphological lesions in cats from villages of Bulgaria with human endemic nephropathy. PMID- 7124198 TI - [Efficacy and harmlessness of inactivated Pasteurella multocida vaccines following subcutaneous, oral and intranasal administration in mice]. PMID- 7124200 TI - Freeze preservation of post-mortem specimens in veterinary diagnostic bacteriology. PMID- 7124202 TI - Effect of parakeratosis on bacterial adherence to ruminal epithelium. PMID- 7124203 TI - Relationship of serum lysozyme activity to peripheral leukocyte count in calves. PMID- 7124201 TI - [Anisakiasis in a domestic cat in Valdivia, Chile]. PMID- 7124208 TI - [Etiological characteristics of influenzal diseases in children's collectives under long-term observation]. AB - As the result of epidemiological and virological observations, the factors which determined the duration of carriership at the period of mixed influenza A and B epidemic were established. Most children released influenza virus A for 7-9 days and influenza B virus for 10-12 days. The duration of carriership in children depended on their age, the level of humoral antibodies in their sera taken before the disease and the manifestation of their immune reaction to influenza virus infection. PMID- 7124207 TI - [Amino acid composition of serum and liver albumin in rabbits of different ages]. AB - Studies have been made on the molecular weight and amino acid composition of albumin from the blood serum and liver, as well as on its content in liver extracts and in the blood serum of male rabbits at the age of 1, 30, 180, and 720 days. During postnatal life, quantitative changes in the amino acid composition of the proteins investigated take place, which are more significant in liver albumin than in serum albumin. Albumin content of the blood serum and liver extracts decreases at later ontogenetic stages (in 180- and 720-day animals), which is presumably associated with the decrease in synthesis of this protein by the liver. The molecular weight of the albumin remains constant in all age groups being typical for serum albumin of vertebrates. PMID- 7124209 TI - [Role of cell-surface protein screening and the determinant of the other sensitin in polyvalent sensitization of tannin-treated erythrocytes]. AB - On the strength of the data obtained in the study of the successive loading of tannin-treated red cells with two protein antigens (with the use of 12 different models) the limiting role of two factors in comparison with monovalent sensitization has been revealed. When a red blood cell is previously loaded with one protein, the possibilities of binding the second protein decrease due to the reduction of the available cells surface. Besides, both these proteins bound to the red blood cell screen each other by creating steric obstacles to the interaction of the protein determinants with antibodies. Such steric obstacles suppress, to a lesser extent, the association of the bound proteins with antibodies and, to a greater extent, the agglutination of antibodies with sensitized red blood cells. PMID- 7124211 TI - [Isolation of the basic myelin protein from guinea pig brain]. AB - The modified method for obtaining encephalitogenic protein from the brain of a guinea pig with the use of gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography is described. The electrophoretic mobility of the isolated protein is characterized and its molecular weight is determined. PMID- 7124204 TI - [Effect of substituted thiobutinylic esters of phosphorus thio acids and their saturated analogs on cholinesterases of different origins]. AB - Studies have been made of the effect of organophosphorus inhibitors (OPI) containing butynilic group in the detectable part of the molecule, and of their saturated analogues on cholinesterases from different species of mammals and arthropods. In all cases without a single exception, acetylene compounds exhibited higher anticholinesterase effect than saturated ones. The value of "acetylene effect" varied to a great extent and depended on both the structure of OPI and the source of cholinesterase, these data indicating the existence of differences in the structure of the active site in cholinesterases investigated. The acetylene effect was always higher in ethylmercapto-substituted OPI than in chloride-substituted ones. Among thiophosphates, the highest (7,600) effect was found for cholinesterase of the spider mite in the case of dimethyl esters. Among thiophosphonates, exceptionally high (38,000) effect was noted for cholinesterase from the head of the domestic fly when methylthiophosphonates were compared. In this pair of compounds, the inhibitory constant k2 for the cholinesterase of the fly by acetylene derivative was equal to 1.1 . 10(9). PMID- 7124205 TI - [Input-output characteristics of the motor neuron pool during strychninization in dogs of various ages, (an electrophysiological analysis of the occurrence of inhibitory interneurons in postnatal ontogeny)]. AB - In connection with data on the absence of spinal forms of reciprocal inhibition in ante natal and early postnatal periods in puppies, it was decided to use strychninization as a physiological tool which enables to evaluate the onset of the activity of the inhibitory interneurones which are involved into realization of postsynaptic inhibition. Experiments were made on puppies from three age groups (up to 5 days 8--10 days and 20--30 days) in which mono- and polysynaptic reactions to afferent stimulation were recorded. It was established that the onset of the activity of inhibitory interneurones in the developing neuronal system takes place after realization of antigravitational reactions. At the age of 10--30 days, block of postsynaptic inhibition by strychnine returns the spinal cord to that type of reactions which are typical of antenatal and early postnatal periods. PMID- 7124206 TI - [Evolutionary physiological analysis of body reactions to oxygen exposure under increase pressure]. AB - In experiments on adult animals (rabbit, cat, dog), it has been found that changes during the initial stages of the effect of high oxygen pressure include: stabilization of the main rhythm of the EEG, inhibition of spindle-like activity and onset (or the increase) of interhemispheral asymmetry of the electrocorticogram, the increase of the amplitude of positive wave of primary response and slow negative wave of the evoked potential of the brain cortex, as well as the increase in the threshold level of inhibition of respiration in response to electrical stimulation of the cranial end of the vagal nerve and the increase in the stability of respiration and cardiac activity. These changes are similar to those which take place in the course of progressive evolution of functions of the central nervous system, respiratory and cardio-vascular systems in onto- and phylogenesis. On the basis of this parallelism, it is concluded that the initial (pre-toxic) effect of hyperoxia results in the increase of the activity of evolutionary younger functional systems of the brain. During the continuous effect of hyperoxia, oxygen intoxication of the organism takes place, which include particularly dissolution phenomena in the activity of the brain. These phenomena are most evident during the development of pre-seizure and seizure periods. PMID- 7124210 TI - [Results of identifying Klebsiella in various diseases of newborn and young infants]. AB - 457 Klebsiella strains isolated from newborns and young children with different clinical manifestations of infections, as well as from adults having contacts with them and from various objects of the environment in the foci of these infections, have been studied. All the isolated cultures, with the exception of one strain isolated from the pus of a gluteal abscess and identified as K. ozaenae K4, have been identified as K. pneumoniae. The use of experimental Klebsiella K-sera has allowed one to establish the presence of 27 K-antigen varieties in K. pneumoniae; among them K2, K9, K10, K13, K18, K20, K24, K33, K46, K47 have been found to occur most frequently . In group diseases of infants serovars K2, K9, K10, K18, K20, K24, K33 have been identified, serovars K9, K10 and K20 being detected for the first time in such cases. The data confirming the etiological role of the isolated Klebsiella organisms point out to the necessity of maintaining the constant microbiological control of Klebsiella infection in maternity homes and children's somatic hospitals. PMID- 7124214 TI - [Paracerebral barriers of the cerebral meninges]. PMID- 7124215 TI - [Differences in postmortem changes in hypo- and hyperchromic neurons according to the results of studies of nuclear chromatin and ribonucleoproteins]. PMID- 7124212 TI - [Delayed hypersensitivity to the surface antigen of the hepatitis B virus]. AB - Delayed hypersensitivity to HBsAg in patients with viral hepatitis, chronic liver diseases and in healthy persons was determined in the leukocyte migration inhibition test in agar. Most of the patients with viral hepatitis B (61.7%) at the acute stage showed hypersensitivity to HBsAg. This hypersensitivity appeared not earlier than during the second or third decade of the disease. The positive results of the leukocyte migration inhibition test in some patients with chronic liver diseases indicated that these diseases were probably etiologically linked with hepatitis B virus. The use of the leukocyte migration inhibition test with HBsAg for the diagnosis of viral hepatitis B is proposed. PMID- 7124216 TI - [Final stages of juvenile malignant schizophrenia (clinico-pathogenetic correlations)]. PMID- 7124217 TI - [Morphologic features of the structure of individual human brains]. PMID- 7124218 TI - [Effect of afferent visual impulses on morphologic and biochemical indices of the growth of visual, motor and parietal cortex neurons]. PMID- 7124219 TI - [Ultrastructural localization of adenylate cyclase in the brain (electron cytochemical study)]. PMID- 7124220 TI - [Succinate dehydrogenase activity in embryonic human brain cells (electron cytochemical study)]. PMID- 7124213 TI - [Serum immunoglobulin content in donors as related to the ABO blood group]. AB - The content of IgG and IgM has been studied in the sera of 120 donors making up 4 groups of 30 subjects each in accordance with the ABO blood grouping. As regards the amount of immunoglobulins of different classes in the serum of donors having blood of different groups, the donors with group O blood have shown the highest content of IgA and the lowest content of IgM, inthe donors with group A blood the highest content of IgA and the lowest content of IgM, in the donors with group A blood the highest content of IgG and the lowest content of IgA have been established, and the donors with group B blood have been found to have the maximum content of IgM and the low content of IgG. The donors with group AB blood have been found to occupy an intermediate position, being similar to the donors with group B blood in the content of IgG and IgA in their sera and to the donors with group A blood in the content of IgM. PMID- 7124221 TI - [Importance of morphologic examination of a focus of viral infection in the brain to evaluation of the possible development of chronic encephalitis]. PMID- 7124222 TI - [Chronic experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in adult rhesus macaques]. PMID- 7124223 TI - [Interaction between the cholinergic and catecholaminergic systems of the brain during changes in the motivational behavior in animals]. PMID- 7124226 TI - [Functional state of the brain stem in patients with cerebral aneurysms during the acute hemorrhagic period]. PMID- 7124225 TI - [Functional state of the brain and cerebral pathology]. PMID- 7124224 TI - [Various neurophysiologic mechanisms of compensating for movement disorders in pyramidal system lesions (electromyographic analysis)]. PMID- 7124228 TI - [Current manifestations of neurorheumatism (problems of pathomorphosis and recurrences)]. PMID- 7124227 TI - [Capillary telangiectasia of the pons]. AB - Three observations of teleangioectases of the Varolian bridge verified at a histological examination are presented. In one of the cases the telangioectases were concurrent with an astrocytoma of the left hemisphere, and were a casual finding. In another case the teleangioectases have led to a massive hemorrhage to the Varolian bridge and the patient's death. In the third case the teleangioectases were revealed at the histological examination of the Varolian bridge affected by an astrocytoma. The development of the tumour was, possibly, due to reactive gliosis withing the zone of a vascular developmental defect. Clinical, roentgenological, pathomorphological, and histological data are presented. The authors point out that histological examinations are obligatory in cases of hemorrhages to the Varolian bridge, so that their origin should be properly documented. PMID- 7124229 TI - [Morphologic criteria for the diagnosis of thymic pathology in myasthenia]. PMID- 7124230 TI - [Role of catecholamines in the biochemical mechanisms of the pathogenesis of hepatocerebral dystrophy]. AB - In 48 patients with hepatocerebral dystrophy the principal parameters of the catecholamine metabolism were examined. Pronounced changes characterized primarily by a considerable diminution of dopamine and noradrenaline excretion and an increase of the excretion of their immediate precursor, i.e. DOPA, were noted. On the basis of the data obtained it was assumed that the synthesis of these neurotransmitting catecholamines was depressed. In the course of treatment with d-penicillamine which is capable of mobilizing copper and stimulating its excretion from the body a statistically significant increase of the dopamine excretion (as compared with its initial level) was noted, and in patients with the graver rigid-arrhythmohyperkinetic form of the disease the excretion of not only dopamine, but also noradrenaline, was increased. It is supposed that the disturbances of catecholamine metabolism in hepatocerebral dystrophy have a complicated mechanism, and are associated with both the grave hepatic pathology and disturbances of copper metabolism. In this connection additional methods of treating that disease are offered. These methods influence catecholamine metabolism, and act primarily on extrapyramid motor, and also psychic disorders. The studies carried out by the author make a contribution to the existing concepts of the biochemical mechanisms of the hepatocerebral dystrophy pathogenesis, and expand the possibilities of treating the grave hereditary disease. PMID- 7124231 TI - [Attempt at studying the human blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier by means of scanning electron microscopy]. PMID- 7124233 TI - [Cerebral and somatic disorders in alcoholic patients (clinico-anatomic study)]. PMID- 7124232 TI - [Distribution of biopotentials at acupuncture points in various organic and functional diseases of the nervous system]. PMID- 7124234 TI - [Psychopathologic symptomatology and the use of psychotropic drugs in surgical vascular pathology of the brain]. PMID- 7124235 TI - [Differential-diagnostic possibilities of the morphologic dissociation reaction of clotted blood in the acute period of strokes]. AB - The authors studied for the first time changes in the parameters of the coagulated blood morphological dissociation test (CBMDT) in 234 patients with stroke in the most acute period. They revealed a stable dependence between the character and extent of the changes in the CBMDT and the form and severity of the stroke and the time course of the pathological process. Changes in the main CBMDT parameters in hemorrhagic stroke were diametrically opposite to those in ischemic stroke: an increase in the volume and the time of formation of three blood coagulation fractions (TBCF) was revealed in hemorrhave and, on the contrary, a decrease in the TBCF value and the time of its precipitation in ischemia. The extent of these shifts was determined by the severity of the disease. According to the authors' findings severe forms of stroke differ in the TBCF volume in 96% of cases and in the time of sedimentation in 81%. In a moderately severe stroke the respective figures were 15 and 79% and in diseases following a satisfactory course in 9 and 74% of cases. The severity of the pathological process may be judged by and its time course studied from the changes in the CBMDT parameters. PMID- 7124236 TI - [Functional state of the heart in patients with cerebrovascular disorders in neurosurgical clinical practice]. PMID- 7124237 TI - [Features of cerebral blood flow disorders in the vertebrobasilar system in the acute period of severe craniocerebral injuries with damage to the mediobasal and brain stem structures]. PMID- 7124238 TI - [Surgical treatment of relatively inaccessible cerebrovascular arteriovenous aneurysms]. PMID- 7124239 TI - [Therapeutic tactics in acute spinal epidural abscesses]. PMID- 7124240 TI - [Iodine metabolism in the acute period of craniocerebral injuries]. PMID- 7124241 TI - [Study of the dynamics of brain tumor growth by the unidimensional echoencephalography technic]. PMID- 7124243 TI - [Somatosensory evoked potential in the diagnosis of acute cerebral circulatory disorders of the ischemic type]. PMID- 7124242 TI - [A low-frequency ultrasonic aspirator]. PMID- 7124244 TI - Role of the hydrophobic tail of cytochrome b5 in the interaction with cytochrome P-450 LM2. AB - The interaction of cytochrome P-450 LM2 with cytochrome b5 is accompanied by a high spin shift in P-450 LM2 and the improvement of a second derivative spectra in the near ultraviolet region. After incorporation into phospholipid vesicles the interaction between P-450 LM2 and b5 is increased according to a decrease of the apparent binding constant. The involvement of a tryptophanyl residue in the interaction will be discussed. Contrary the tryptic fragment of cytochrome b5 which lacks the membrane binding tail does not show an interaction with P-450 LM2 either in the absence or presence of phospholipids. PMID- 7124245 TI - [A new human Gm reaction type, tested on bovine serum]. PMID- 7124246 TI - The toxic A-chain of mistletoe lectin I: isolation and its effect on cell-free protein synthesis. AB - The reduction of Sepharose bound mistletoe lectin I (ML I) is a convenient method for preparing A- and B-chains under mild conditions. The B-chain represents the D galactose binding moiety. The A-chain shows a significant dose-dependent inhibition of protein synthesis in cell-free systems from rat liver and rabbit reticulocytes, while pure B-chain preparations do not affect ribosomal translation processes. PMID- 7124247 TI - Structural transitions of the erythrocyte membrane: an ESR approach. AB - The effect of temperature and ionic strength on the ESR spectrum of the fatty acid spin label I (10,3) in membranes of freshly drawn human red blood cells has been investigated. The results suggest that the microviscosity of the membrane is not strongly influenced by the ionic strength. Discontinuities at various temperatures could be observed, which disappear after cholesterol treatment. The possible role of membrane lipids and proteins on the thermotropic membrane behaviour observed is discussed. It is assumed that the spectra are averaged signals from different regions of the membrane. PMID- 7124248 TI - Studies on the biosynthesis of porphyrins in erythrocytes after incubation with delta-aminolevulinic acid: an attempt to investigate the pathogenesis of nephrogenic anemia. AB - The biosynthesis of porphyrins after incubation with 6.25 mmoles/l delta aminolevulinic acid (ALA) for 4 h, the synthesis of porphobilinogen, the residual ALA, and the activity of the porphobilinogen synthase were determined in erythrocytes. Examined were 568 individuals: healthy males and female, normal pregnancy and nephropathy of pregnancy, newborn infants and various diseases of the kidney. The biosynthesis of porphyrin in erythrocytes after incubation with ALA and the activity of porphobilinogen synthase in erythrocytes in chronic renal disorders progressively decreased depending on the stages of the pathologic process and the development of chronic renal insufficiency. The high correlation between the level of synthesized porphyrins and hemoglobin led us to assume that disorders in porphyrin biosynthesis represent in fact one of the pathogenetic mechanisms of nephrogenic anemia. PMID- 7124251 TI - [Diet-induced changes on Ca-regulation in rabbit papillary muscle. 2. Contraction, relaxation and rest potentialization following a rapeseed diet]. AB - To characterize consequences of rape oil-induced changes on the Ca regulation in rabbit papillary muscle, the influence of increasing extracellular Ca (Cae) on contraction, relaxation and resting potentiation of tension has been investigated after a 12 weeks lasting rape oil-diet. After oil diet increasing Cae caused a similar augmentation in peak tension T accompanied by an increased index in contractility [Formula: see text], a significantly shortened time to peak tension and a decline in refractory period. A higher relaxation rate is demonstrated by the maximum relaxation rate [Formula: see text], the half time of relaxation RT 1/2 and relaxation time RT. The resting potentiation of the isometric contraction was enhanced. The results are in agreement with the assumption that the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is more involved in Ca regulation after the oil diet than in the control group. This may be related to differences in the phospholipid content of SR membranes. PMID- 7124250 TI - [Diet induced changes of Ca-regulation in rabbit papillary muscle. 1. Contraction and relaxation following a cholesterol diet]. AB - To characterize consequences of cholesterol induced increases of the Na content on the Ca regulation in rabbit myocardium the influence of increasing extracellular Ca (Cae) on isometric contraction and relaxation of papillary muscles has been investigated after a 12 weeks lasting cholesterol-rich diet. After cholesterol-rich diet increasing Cae caused a higher augmentation in peak tension T, accompanied by a decreased index in contractility [Formula: see text], an insignificantly prolonged time to peak tension TPT, and a decrease in the refractory period, which was extended compared with the control group. A delay in relaxation is demonstrated by the maximum relaxation rate [Formula: see text], the half time of relaxation RT 1/2 and more pronounced by a prolonged relaxation time RT. The results correspond with changes in the Na content published earlier and are in agreement with the assumption that a Na-Ca exchange is involved in beat-to-beat regulation in rabbit myocardium; thereby the cholesterol component of atherogenic diet promotes Ca enhancement in rabbit cardiac cells. PMID- 7124249 TI - Behaviour-dependent changes of visually evoked potentials and their correlation to the respiration rate in freely moving rats. AB - The variability of visually evoked potentials (VEP) during spontaneous changes of behavioural activity was investigated in freely moving rats with electrodes in the visual and frontal cortex, olfactory bulb and other brain structures. Averaged VEP were recorded and compared during periods of characteristic behaviour types like drowsiness, relaxed wakefulness, attentiveness, grooming and exploratory behaviour. These behavioural patterns, which are clearly distinguishable by observation, were characterized by a certain degree of visually evoked afterdischarges, recorded movements, EEG-patterns and mean respiration rate. The evaluation of early components of the VEP from single recorded samples and of the correspondent momentary respiration rate (respiration intervals) revealed strongly negative correlations. In general, the increasing behavioural activity is characterized by a decrease in the amplitudes of VEP components, inversely correlated to the log of momentary respiration rate. During drowsiness and enhanced attentiveness, certain components are increased. During strong movements and distraction of attention (e.g. intensive scratching and licking) the VEP-components were decreased stronger. The negative complex around 62 ms increased during certain forms of behavioural activation and locomotion. The VEP-component N31, the respiration rate, and the quotient N31: N61 were found suitable parameters to characterize certain types of behaviour in comparison to relaxed wakefulness. PMID- 7124252 TI - [Arterial hypertensive dysregulations on the basis of a cerebro-visceral stimulus constellation in baboons]. AB - Basing on the hypothesis that disturbances of cerebral information processing on the basis of acute or chronic stress situations or profound neurotic alterations are being directed to the cardiovascular system only by predisposition to hyperreactivity, the influence of a psycho-nervous-humoral-hormonal stepped load schedule upon central nervous and vegetative functions was studied in baboons. Stochastic interventions into the natural day-night rhythm and application of NaCl and DOCA doses not per se causing a blood pressure rise, either single or in combination for altogether 3 years were used as disturbing factors. It has been revealed that experimental disturbance of the light-dark phases led to lasting deviations of the conditional-reflectory activity in the sense of a predominance of irritation processes. With motor response time, initially unchanged but from the second year of experiment significantly shortened by 35%, the failure rates at differentiation increased, on the average, from 6 to 45% and the intersignal responses by 100%. Even after exposure for several months, no disorders of the cardiovascular system occurred. It was only the coupling with an experimentally induced disturbance of electrolyte distribution that provoked a significant increase in mean arterial pressure, on the average, by 24% of the pre-control value with moderate increase of the circulating blood volume. The increases in free fatty acids and blood glucose concentrations by 14 and 23%, respectively, can be interpreted as additional hypertension-favouring factors. Despite an application of mineral corticoids for more than 1 year, it has been impossible to alter the contraction behaviour of the vascular smooth muscle cell in the sense of an experimentally induced predisposition to arteriolar hyperreactivity outlasting the discontinuation of disturbing factors. With higher nervous activity being clearly disturbed as before, the pressure got back to normal; testing the vascular reactivity to noradrenaline (1.0 microgram/kg b.w/min i.v., for 5 min) or angiotensin II (0.5 microgram/kg b.w. i.v.) at the end of the investigation period gave no enhanced pressure responses. By contrast, animals exposed exclusively to the described combination load for 18 weeks, showed a still normal system pressure and sensitivity to the applied noradrenaline and angiotensin II increased by 75-120% of the pre-control response. A liability of the cardiovascular system at acute stress situations (multiple partial immobilization) in long-term neurotically predamaged monkeys in the 24-h experiment was impressive by a cardiodepression during the nightly regeneration phase, reduced on the average by 35 beats/min against the control group. Thus, our results support the hypothesis of a cerebro-visceral pathoconstellation as the etiological principle of certain forms of the inhomogeneous clinical picture of primary hypertension. PMID- 7124253 TI - Effect of dietary trans fatty acids on cholinesterase and monoamine oxidase activities in different organs of rats. AB - The effect of trans fatty acids and essential fatty acid deficiency upon the activities of cholinesterase and monoamine oxidase in livers, hearts, brains and lungs of rats was studied. This study was performed using three groups of male albino rats. Two out of these three groups were fed essential fatty acid low diets containing 10% hydrogenated coconut oil (HCNO) or margarine stock (MS, partially hydrogenated soybean oil) while the third group was fed an adequate supply of essential fatty acids through a diet containing 10% corn oil (CO). In the group of rats fed HCNO the activities of cholinesterase and monoamine oxidase in their livers, hearts, brains and lungs were not significantly different from those of the control group fed CO. In the group of rats fed MS, the activity of cholinesterase was significantly decreased in the livers, hearts and brains, but not affected in the lungs, while the activity of monoamine oxidase was significantly decreased in the livers and hearts but not affected in the brains and lungs as compared to the control group fed CO. The levels of serum total lipids, total cholesterol and triglycerides were elevated in both groups of rats fed HCNO or MS than in the group fed CO, but this elevation was more highly significant in the group fed MS than in the group fed HCNO. PMID- 7124255 TI - [Calorigenic action of beta-sympathomimetics]. AB - In experiments on narcotized rats it has been demonstrated that not only isoprenaline and orciprenaline but terbutaline, salbutamol and clenbuterol as well have calorigenic effects. The effectiveness is regressing considerably from isoprenaline over orciprenaline, salbutamol and terbutaline. Clenbuterol, too, has essentially weaker calorigenic effects than isoprenaline. The duration of calorigenic effects rise clearly from isoprenaline over orciprenaline, terbutaline, salbutamol and clenbuterol, while this effect is beginning more hesitatingly in the same order of these substances. PMID- 7124254 TI - [Distribution and elimination behavior of lithium in young and adult rats following acute administration of various inorganic cations and anions]. AB - In 5- and 105-day-old rats the influence of intraperitoneally administered cations (Na+, K+, NH4+) and anions (Cl-, HCO3-) on the age-dependent distribution and elimination processes of LiCl (0.3 mmol Li+/100 g b.wt., i.p.) were determined. After an acute load of sodium ions the renal elimination of lithium is increased and the half life (t 1/2 serum) is shortened. Compared with increased dosages of NaHCO3 equal doses of NaCl are more effective. Interactions in kidney between lithium and definite anions were observed on the bicarbonate ion only. The administrations of KCl or NH4Cl have no important consequences on lithium kinetics. Although the transport of lithium in kidney does not occur by the Na+K+-pump, renal and extrarenal interactions between sodium and lithium ions seem to exist. The expulsion of lithium out of the ICR by an extensive sodium load (decrease of VdLi+) may precede the observed inhibition on renal lithium reabsorption or both processes occur simultaneously. PMID- 7124256 TI - [Structural and functional characteristics of IgG1 and IgG2-antibodies in the guinea pig. 1. Isolation and characterization of antibodies of the sub-classes IgG1 and IgG2]. PMID- 7124257 TI - [Structural and functional characteristics of IgG1- and IgG2-antibody subclasses in the guinea pig. 2. Production and testing of specific antisera against IgG1 and IgG2-antibody subclasses and against Fc-, Fc'- and Fab-papain fragments of IgG2-antibodies in guinea pigs]. AB - Rabbit antisera against specifically purified guinea pig IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies and against several papain-fragments of IgG2 were produced. These antisera were made specific by absorption with purified immunoglobulin of the other subclass and assayed for monospecificity by two immunological tests. In the macrophage rosette inhibition test, only the anti-IgG2 and the anti-Fab (IgG2) sera were effective. Inhibition of the rosette formation could be obtained at dilutions up to 1:100 or higher. Attempts to induce passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in the guinea pig skin after sensibilization with homocytotropic antibodies were evidently positive only with rabbit anti-guinea pig IgG1 serum. Anti-IgG2 and anti-IgG2 Fab sera revealed a positive reaction in higher concentrated forms (1:2 or 1:5 diluted) only. PMID- 7124258 TI - The in vitro effect of horse anti-human lymphocyte globulin on the electrophoretic mobility of human lymphocytes and platelets. AB - In accordance with earlier results the electrophoretic mobility of lymphocytes is decreased by horse anti-human lymphocyte globulin (AHLG), which correlates with the results of the rosette inhibition test. Under the influence of AHLG, the distribution of the electrophoretic mobilities of lymphocytes shows a characteristic change. In some of the AHLG samples, the antilymphocyte action is accompanied by an antithrombocyte effect. The resulting decrease in the electrophoretic mobility of platelets correlates with the thrombocytopenic effect in vivo. The variation of pH or ionic strength leads to changes of the AHLG effects. The in vivo influence of AHLG on the distribution of the electrophoretic mobility of peripheral blood lymphocytes and platelets is discussed. PMID- 7124260 TI - [Experimental damage of the growth plate and epiphysis]. PMID- 7124259 TI - Characterization of cerebral cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase. Molecular parameters and inhibition studies. AB - The molecular properties of cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.29) from calf brain were examined in a crude enzyme preparation. The Stokes radius (42 A) was determined by gel filtration and the sedimentation coefficient, s20,w (6.1 x 10(-13 s) by density gradient centrifugation. Calculation of the molecular weight and frictional ratio gave values of 73,000 and 1.52, respectively. beta Mercaptopropionic acid and an arginine reagent, phenylglyoxal, were observed to be potent inhibitors of the enzyme. Pyridoxal phosphate, a cofactor of the decarboxylase, was observed to protect the enzyme against phenylglyoxal inhibition. This result indicates that an arginine residue may be located at the active site of cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase. The components of taurine metabolism gave little or no inhibition of the decarboxylase. Glutaric acid, malic acid and C-allylglycine, all widely known as potent inhibitors of glutamic acid decarboxylase, only slightly inhibited cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase. PMID- 7124261 TI - [Transverse defect of the diaphysis of the dog femur--healing under different conditions]. PMID- 7124262 TI - [Less common findings at an orthopaedic out-patient department]. PMID- 7124266 TI - [Close collaboration with paediatricians and aimed health education of parents- the key to the solution of the problem of coxa vara adolescentium]. PMID- 7124265 TI - [Surgical possibilities in high post-dislocation arthroses]. PMID- 7124263 TI - [On the treatment of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis]. PMID- 7124264 TI - [Skeletal changes of parents of children with myelomeningocele]. PMID- 7124267 TI - [Our experience with Keller--Brandes plastic operation in hallux valgus]. PMID- 7124268 TI - [Osteomyelitis with sickle cell anemia]. PMID- 7124269 TI - [Hand injuries by water pistols]. PMID- 7124270 TI - [Treatment of injuries of the thoracic and lumbar spine and their sequelae]. PMID- 7124271 TI - [Clinical tests of new thermoplastic substances for fixation bandages]. PMID- 7124272 TI - [Hospital hygiene: what should one expect today?]. PMID- 7124273 TI - [Acanthosis nigricans and associated pathology]. PMID- 7124276 TI - [Limitation of Howell time in the control of heparin therapy]. PMID- 7124274 TI - Comparative study of in vitro antimicrobial activity and human pharmacokinetics of dibekacin and tobramycin. PMID- 7124275 TI - Cardiobacterium hominis endocarditis. PMID- 7124277 TI - [Recently registered drugs]. PMID- 7124278 TI - Familial hyperthyroidism without evidence of autoimmunity. AB - Thirty-four members of a single family were studied and 9 of them were found to be suffering from hyperthyroidism associated with diffuse goitre. Exophthalmos was absent and transmission seemed to be independent of HLA type. Four of the 9 were studied prior to treatment but in all cases serum immunoglobulin levels were normal, antithyroglobulin and antimicrosomal antibodies absent, thyroid stimulating antibodies negative and the lymphocyte transformation responses to mitogens not different from those of controls. The results of testing the euthyroid family members were similarly negative, except in the case of a woman with type I diabetes mellitus who showed a low titre of antimicrosomal antibody. Seven of the patients underwent subtotal thyroidectomy. Lymphocytic infiltration of the excised portion was rarely present. Four of the glands were subjected to immunofluorescent and electron microscopy but neither immunosecreting cells nor immune complex deposits were found. These results point to the existence of a non autoimmune form of goitrous hyperthyroidism, different from Graves' disease. PMID- 7124279 TI - Ontogeny of circulating gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide in the foetal sheep. AB - Hypoacidity and hypergastrinaemia are reported in the newborn human. To investigate the ontogeny of gastrin, plasma gastrin concentrations were measured in chronically cannulated foetal sheep from 100 days gestation to term (145 days) and up to 16 days following delivery. Plasma pancreatic polypeptide (PP) concentrations were measured as a marker of vagal activity. Compared with adult values, foetal plasma gastrin concentration was low at 101-105 days, being 7 +/- 1 pmol/l (mean +/= SEM) but greater than adult values from 130 days gestation and increased to 47 +/- 5 at 141-145 days, and 90 +/- 13 at 1-5 days post-partum. Maternal plasma gastrin level during these periods ranged between 21 and 29 pmol/l and was not related to gestational age. Similarly, maternal plasma PP levels, which varied between 220 and 400 pmol/l, did not correlate with gestational age and did not differ significantly from non-pregnant sheep. Foetal plasma PP was low, 20 +/- at 101-105 days, rose to 92 +/- 17 at 141-145 days, and increased to adult levels in the first week post-partum. Basal foetal and maternal plasma PP were inhibited by iv atropine injection. The increase in plasma PP may represent a maturity of vagal influence. Gastrin and PP have a trophic action on the gastro-intestinal tract, so the observation of significant levels of circulating gastrin and PP in the foetus suggests that they may be involved in maturation of the gastro-intestinal tract. PMID- 7124280 TI - Acromegaly and hypertension: role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. PMID- 7124281 TI - A comparison of metabolic clearance rates of oestradiol-17 beta in immature and peripubertal female pigs and possible implications for the onset of puberty. AB - A continuous infusion technique of either [3H]oestradiol-17 beta (E2) or unlabelled E2 was used to investigate suggested differences in the metabolic clearance rate of oestradiol-17 beta (MCR-E2) in immature and peripubertal female pigs. Using the isotope infusion technique, the following values were obtained: 60 day old gilts; MCR-E2 = 2133 +/- 274 (mean +/- SEM) ml/min, MCR-E2/kg BW = 116 +/- 14.5 ml/min kg, and conversion ratio (CR) of E2 to oestrone (E1) = 31.6 +/- 3.7%. The respective values for 160 day old gilts were: MCR-E2 = 3027 +/- 340, MCR-E2/kg BW = 48.5 +/- 4.82, and CR = 15.9 +/- 2.12. Except for a significant difference in the weight related MCR-E2 data for the 60 day old group, similar values were found following infusion of unlabelled E2. The percentage of radioactivity extractable with ether from plasma was 22.6 +/- 3.0% and 27.2 +/- 2.0%. Fifty-seven and 66% of total radioactivity infused was recovered in the urine within 12 h in 60 and 160 day old gilts, respectively. There was no difference in the percentage binding of E2 to plasma proteins as determined by equilibrium dialysis (80%). It is concluded that in addition to an activation of ovarian steroido-genesis during puberty, a gradual maturational decrease in the MCR-E2/kg VW might play a role in raising plasma E2 concentrations and thus in constituting an effective oestrogen feedback signal, which results in the first pre-ovulatory LH-surge. PMID- 7124282 TI - The effect of hyperosmotic and sodium chloride hyperosmotic environments on the secretion and synthesis of prolactin from human decidua in vitro. AB - Using a paired design as well as a cross-over design both with 16 h incubation periods, we have incubated human decidua in hyposmotic, isosmotic, and sodium chloride hyperosmotic media. In the cross-over design each tissue aliquot was subjected to 3 media with different osmolalities, one of which was isosmotic. Thus, intensive utilization of the tissue was possible. The results of the cross over study were identical with the result of the paired design. We found a decreased secretion of prolactin in hyposmotic environments, whereas hyperosmotic environments up to an osmolality about 400 mmol/kg gave a dose related increase in the prolactin secretion into the medium as well as in the total content of prolactin in the tissue and the medium. Excessive hyperosmotic medium decreased the secretion. The enhanced secretion was an effect of increased production, which could be blocked by cycloheximide. We found no feedback of prolactin on its own secretion. PMID- 7124283 TI - Plasma progesterone levels following subdermal implantation of progesterone pellets in lactating women. AB - The magnitude and duration of elevated plasma progesterone levels resulting from subdermal implantation of progesterone pellets were investigated in full nursing women. This condition was chosen because it is associated with a low rate of ovulation and minimal endogenous progesterone production. In addition, treatment with progesterone pellets was intended to be a substitute for oral or parenteral administration of synthetic progestogens to nursing mothers. A control group of full nursing women receiving no hormones provided blood samples so that basal plasma progesterone levels from the second to the sixth post-partum month could be assessed. Progesterone pellets were implanted subdermally on day 30-35 after delivery. Insertion of 2, 4 or 6 pellets each containing 100 mg of progesterone caused an initial elevation of plasma progesterone to 5.9, 9.9 and 13.5 nmol/l, respectively. This initial elevation was followed by a gradual decline, so that basal levels were attained at 70, 100 and 150 days after insertion of 2, 4 or 6 pellets. Implantation of 6 progesterone pellets led to a significant decrease in the ovulation rate of nursing women. These results indicate that subdermal implantation of 6 progesterone pellets can provide biologically effective levels of the hormone for up to 5 months. PMID- 7124285 TI - Relationships between fat and plasma androstenone and plasma testosterone in fatty and lean young boars during growth and after hCG stimulation. AB - The effect of weight of fatty tissue on fat and plasma androstenone and on plasma testosterone relationships in the young boar was studied. For this purpose, hCG stimulation of steroid testicular production was performed in 12 boars and fat androstenone concentration subsequently measured. In addition plasma androstenone and testosterone were determined in 8 of them, previously cannulated. The results show that: 1) although plasma testosterone response to hCG stimulation was similar in all boars, fat and plasma androstenone responses were very variable between boars, 2) weight of fatty tissue appeared to have little influence, if any, on androstenone exchanges between plasma and fatty tissue and 3) plasma androstenone/testosterone ratio appeared to be less variable within boars than between boars. The data show that there is probably some between-boars variability in the respective rates of elimination of testosterone and androstenone. PMID- 7124284 TI - Large annual variation in photoperiodicity does not affect testicular endocrine function in man. AB - The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the possible influence of large differences in circannual photoperiodicity on human testicular activity. Serum testosterone was measured once a month in a group of 24 healthy young adult men for a period of 13 months in northern Finland, where the day length is 22 h in mid-summer and 3.5 h in mid-winter. The monthly levels of serum testosterone varied between 11.3 +/- 0.93 and 13.0 +/- 1.2 nmol/l (se, n = 24), with no significant differences between individual months. The amplitude of variations in serum testosterone was +/- 7% of the annual mean, which was less than in studies reported earlier from central Europe. Our negative findings suggest that the extreme circannual changes in the amount of day-light do not play an obvious role in the regulation of human testicular androgen production. PMID- 7124286 TI - Relationships between fat and plasma androstenone and plasma testosterone in fatty and lean young boars following castration. AB - The effect of weight of fatty tissue on fat and plasma androstenone and on plasma testosterone relationships was studied in the young boar following castration. For this purpose, 9 boars were castrated at 175 days of age, plasma steroid levels were determined daily up to 10 days after orchidectomy and fat androstenone concentration was measured 1, 3, 6, 10 and 15 days after castration. The results show that the apparent half-life of stored androstenone is very variable between boars (range: 4 to 14 days) and do not depend on the weight of fatty tissue. The rate of elimination of plasma androstenone is also very variable between boars. The rate of disappearance of fat androstenone following castration does not depend on the rate of androstenone release from fatty tissue to peripheral plasma but is more likely dependent on the intensity of plasma androstenone catabolism and elimination. Therefore, fat androstenone concentration in the intact boar is almost only depending on the equilibrium between the respective rates of testicular production and elimination. PMID- 7124287 TI - Metabolic studies in women with previous gestational diabetes during contraceptive treatment: effects on serum lipids and high density lipoproteins. AB - Triglycerides, cholesterol and phospholipids in serum and high density lipoproteins (HDL) were assessed in 11 women with previous gestational diabetes before and repeatedly during 6 months of low dose progestogen (lynoestrenol = LYN) contraceptive administration. Eight of these women also were followed in an identical manner during non-hormonal contraception (IUD) and 6 of them during combined oral contraceptive administration (EE + LYN). During the use of IUD or LYN administration neither serum nor HDL lipids changed. The combined OC, EE + LYN, increased serum triglycerides progressively: 73% (P less than 0.01) after 6 months concomitant with a 100%-increment of HDL triglycerides (P less than 0.01) HDL-cholesterol and -phospholipids were not consistently changed. The EE + LYN induced alterations differed from the effects of LYN alone (P less than 0.01). During the use of IUD or LYN administration neither serum nor HDL lipids changed. The combined OC, EE + LYN, increased serum triglycerides progressively: 73% (P less than 0.01) after 6 months concomitant with a 100%-increment of HDL triglycerides (P less than 0.01). HDL-cholesterol and -phospholipids were not consistently changed. The EE + LYN induced alterations differed from the effects of LYN alone (P less than 0.01). These results suggest that low dose progestogens, such as LYN, could be considered as contraceptive alternatives in women with gestational diabetes. However, combined OC should be avoided in these patients. The present findings differ from those obtained in insulin-dependent diabetics and suggest that a diabetic prediposition enhances the effects of synthetic oestrogens and/or diminishes some of the effects of progestogens on lipid metabolism. PMID- 7124288 TI - Lack of influence of the anabolic steroid nandrolondecanoate on bone metabolism. AB - Eleven male patients with rheumatoid arthritis were treated with the anabolic steroid nandrolondecanoate and parameters of calcium and bone metabolism were studied. No changes were found in the concentrations of calcium, phosphorus or hydroxyproline in serum and urine (corrected for the creaturia). A significant decrease (P less than 0.01) was observed in the levels of alkaline phosphatase, but this was attributed to a change in liver enzymes, because the gamma glutamyl transpeptidase fell. Acid phosphatase levels showed an increase, possibly as a result of an effect of nandrolondecanoate on the prostate. No change was found during treatment in the serum levels of parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, 25 hydroxyvitamin D, 24, 25 dihydroxyvitamin D and 1.25 dihydroxyvitamin D. A seasonal fluctuation was observed for 25 hydroxyvitamin D and 24, 25 dihydroxyvitamin D, but not for 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D. It was concluded that short-term treatment with the anabolic steroid nandrolondecanoate did not result in changes in parameters of calcium and bone metabolism. PMID- 7124289 TI - Gonadectomy-induced reduction of blood pressure in adult spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Adult male and female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR-Okamoto, Kyoto) were gonadectomized when they were 17 weeks old. Intact SHR showed a progressive increase of their blood pressure with growth, attaining systolic pressure levels of 194-208 in males and 163-173 mmHg in females when they were 29-30 weeks old. During this same period, the gonadectomized animals showed a significant reduction in blood pressure ranging from 168-175 in males and from 158-163 mmHg in females. These studies indicate that male and female SHR gonadectomized at 17 weeks of age do not show the progressive blood pressure rise that occurs in intact SHR. There was no change in heart rate in either sex. Corticosterone (B) levels in plasma were increased in the orchidectomized males, and 18-OH-DOC levels in plasma were increased in the adrenal glands of ovariectomized females indicating that these hormonal changes probably do not play a role in SHR hypertension. It appears that gonadal and other hormones are involved in the pathogenesis of SHR hypertension. PMID- 7124290 TI - Thyrotrophin stimulation of adenylate cyclase and iodine uptake in human differentiated thyroid cancer. AB - TSH stimulation of adenylate cyclase (AC) and iodine uptake was compared in 39 surgical specimens of primary tumours and/or lymph node metastases from 29 human differentiated thyroid carcinomas. TSH stimulation of AC was significantly lower (2.1 +/- 0.3 fold the basal level) in patients without in vivo 131I uptake than in patients with 131I uptake (4.7 +/- 0.8). A significant correlation between TSH responsiveness of AC and TSH stimulation of in vitro 125I uptake was found. There was also a relationship between 127I tissue content and AC responsiveness. Nevertheless analysis of individual data showed discrepancies in about one quarter of the cases. Thus the response of neoplastic cell membrane to TSH appears to be necessary for iodine metabolism, but it is not sufficient. Additional defects may in some cases explain the lack of either iodine uptake or organification. There is a general correlation between TSH stimulation of AC and histological type. However, data from papillary carcinomas with various degrees of uptake capacity show that TSH stimulation of AC correlates better with functional activity than with cell morphology or tissue architecture. Stimulation by GMP P(N)P was decreased in carcinomas, while NaF stimulation was not significantly different from normal. This suggests that alterations in thyroid cancer are more related to defects in the regulatory than in the catalytic subunit of AC. PMID- 7124291 TI - Myxoedema and Raynaud's phenomenon. AB - Cold hands is a common complaint in myxoedema and were reported by 15 of 17 patients before treatment of myxoedema with 4 having Raynaud's phenomenon. An increased cold sensitivity of the digital arteries could be demonstrated during finger cooling in about half of the patients and Raynaud's phenomenon was verified in the 4 patients as digital arterial closure. The cold sensitivity decreased significantly after treatment with L-thyroxine. The increased cold sensitivity in untreated myxoedema is probably due to an increased sympathetic discharge to the hands that might disclose a predisposition for Raynaud's phenomenon. PMID- 7124292 TI - Circulating TSH-binding inhibiting immunoglobulins in myasthenia gravis. AB - Using a radioligand receptor assay the sera of 46 patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) were tested for the presence of circulating TSH-binding inhibiting immunoglobulins (TBII). In addition thyroid function was evaluated on the basis of T3, T4, TBG and TSH radioimmunoassays including the TRH stimulation test. Circulating antimicrosomal and antithyroglobulin thyroid antibodies were measured by haemagglutination techniques. Two patients had concomitant Graves' disease (GD), 5 were euthyroid with autonomously functioning thyroid tissue due to non immunogenic multinodular goitre and 39 myasthenic patients were euthyroid with normal pituitary thyroid axis. Only 1 patient with GD had strongly positive TBII activity and 3 euthyroid MG patients were TBII borderline-positive. PMID- 7124293 TI - Inhibition by early treatment with bromocriptine of spontaneous mammary tumour development in rats with no side-effects. AB - Temporary inhibition by CB-154 (bromocriptine) of pituitary prolactin secretion, which induced a decline in mammary gland DNA synthesis for 4-11 weeks of age, resulted in a marked suppression of spontaneous mammary tumour development in rats after one year of age. The treatment had no effect on reproduction and subsequent lactation immediately after the CB-154 injection or growth and function of the mammary glands and pituitary prolactin secretion in later life. PMID- 7124296 TI - Intraoperative microsalpingoscopy of the ampullar fallopian tube. PMID- 7124294 TI - Circadian rhythm of serum progesterone levels in human pregnancy and its relation to the rhythm of cortisol. AB - Progesterone and cortisol were measured in the peripheral blood of pregnant women using radioimmunoassay. Ten women were between 18 and 25 weeks of pregnancy and 10 were between 32 and 38 weeks of pregnancy. Blood for the hormone determinations was drawn at hourly intervals. A significant circadian progesterone rhythm was found with the nadir at 8.00 h and the peak around midnight. The progesterone rhythm showed a significant inverse relation to the cortisol rhythm (tau = 0.310). No difference was detected between the two groups for progesterone rhythm or its inverse relation to the cortisol rhythm. PMID- 7124295 TI - The Florence sextuplets. Report of a case. Part two: progression of pregnancy, the onset of labor and delivery. AB - The paper presents a successful case of sextuplet pregnancy after HMG-HCG induced ovulation. The pregnancy was brought to 34, 5 weeks of gestation with all six babies in good conditions and high birth weight (1200-1750 gr.). The effectiveness of early diagnosis, intensive follow-up, and elective caesarean section is discussed. Suggestions are made for the prenatal, intrapartum, and post natal problems connected with mulitple gestation of high fetal number. PMID- 7124297 TI - Mathematical evaluation of the gonadotropin basal levels in hypothalamic chronic anovulation. PMID- 7124298 TI - Hysteroscopic patterns in women receiving replacement estrogen therapy. AB - There is general agreement that unopposed estrogen therapy can cause cystic hyperplasia of the endometrial mucosa, and it is also possible a progression of this lesion towards borderline forms of hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma in patients where there is a predisposition. The Authors report their experience of a combined, hysteroscopic and histological, study made on a group of patients who had undergone cyclic therapy with conjugated estrogens. In this group the more complex forms of hyperplasia were found in those patients treated with the higher dose of estrogens. The Authors emphasize that cyclic therapy of small doses of estrogens associated with 7-12 days of progestins every month can prevent or correct endometrial cystic hyperplasia. The microhysteroscope is a new instrument very simple to use; because of its accuracy, it makes the gynecologist able to perform an immediate endo-uterine diagnosis, thus avoiding some of the other techniques used in the examination of the uterine cavity; in the Authors experience this very interesting endoscopic method has proved to be extremely useful in the controls of patients receiving replacement hormone treatment for menopausal troubles. PMID- 7124299 TI - Classification of operations for tubo-peritoneal infertility. PMID- 7124300 TI - [Staging in primary digestive lymphoma]. PMID- 7124301 TI - Clinical predictors of intraoperative myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease undergoing non-cardiac surgery. AB - In order to detect the incidence of myocardial ischemia during the perioperative period and to determine during which situation it occurred, continuous monitoring of the electrocardiogram by the Holter method was used in 51 patients with coronary artery disease who were undergoing a vascular surgical procedure. Clinical parameters measured preoperatively were evaluated as predictors of the occurrence of myocardial ischemia during the perioperative period. Twenty of 51 patients demonstrated 36 episodes of myocardial ischemia, which started in 11 cases during induction. Fourteen of 16 patients with disabling angina pectoris (Class III and IV) developed myocardial ischemia, whereas only six patients out of 35 with Class II or less or no angina experienced peroperative ischemic episodes (P less than 0.001). All the patients without or with only mild angina who experienced perioperative ischemia showed ST-T abnormalities at the preoperative resting electrocardiogram. Our data suggest that the risk of intraoperative myocardial ischemia can be predicted during the preoperative period by the degree of disability exhibited by patients with coronary artery disease. PMID- 7124302 TI - A comparison of memory function following local and general anaesthesia for extraction of senile cataract. AB - The memory performance of 60 female patients, scheduled for either local or general anaesthesia and extraction of senile cataract, was investigated. Six subtests of the Wechsler Memory Scale and four items of memory tests according to Luria were performed. One week postoperatively there was a diminution in the performance of the Wechsler Memory Scale and Luria tests. Comparison of the pre- and postoperative diminutions between the local and general anaesthesia groups was statistically significant only in the Luria tests. According to this study general anaesthesia does not affect memory function more profoundly than local anaesthesia supplemented with tranquilizing and/or analgesic drugs. In this respect, the advantages of general anesthesia should be utilized, at least in patients without clearcut contraindications. PMID- 7124303 TI - Pharmacokinetic studies on atropine with special reference to age. AB - Pharmacokinetic studies on atropine were performed in 52 patients under general or spinal anaesthesia. Age had a clinically significant effect on the kinetics of this alkaloid: in children under 2 years of age and in the elderly a prolonged elimination was found. This might explain, partly at least, the higher sensitivity of these age groups to the effects of atropine. Age had no effect on the serum protein binding of this alkaloid. Atropine was found in human CSF after a single i.m. administration, but not after a single i.v. administration. During anaesthesia after i.v. atropine administration, a diminished cardiovascular response was found in the elderly in comparison with healthy adult patients. This indicates changes also at the cholinergic receptor sites in the elderly. PMID- 7124304 TI - Monocyte functions are depressed during and after surgery under general anaesthesia but not under epidural anaesthesia. AB - Monocyte functions have been investigated in 18 patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty performed under either general anaesthesia or epidural anaesthesia. Serum cortisol increased significantly both per- and postoperatively in the general anaesthesia group compared to minor changes in the epidural group. The spreading of monocytes on plastic surfaces possibly reflects the phagocytic capacity of the cells. This spreading index of monocytes derived from patients operated under epidural anaesthesia and cultured in medium containing autologous serum showed a significant increase per- and postoperatively compared to the spreading index of monocytes from patients operated under general anaesthesia. This difference increased with increasing culture time. The ability of monocytes to induce lysis in malignant cells was reduced to 45% peroperatively in monocytes derived from patients operated under general anaesthesia and cultured in medium containing autologous serum. In the epidural group the lysis was nearly unchanged from the preoperative value, making the difference between the groups highly significant (P less than 0.01). On the first postoperative day, the difference between the groups was less pronounced. The differences in spreading index and cytolytic capacity were not seen when the monocytes were cultured in medium with pooled AB-serum, thus indicating a serum factor responsible for the monocyte depression when the patients were operated under general anaesthesia. PMID- 7124306 TI - Effect of supramaximal vagal stimulation in combination with hypoxia, respiratory acidosis and deep halothane anaesthesia on cardiovascular function in dogs. AB - Vagal reflexes are generally recognized as a possible cause of cardiac arrest during anaesthesia. Studies were performed to determine whether hypoxia, respiratory acidosis or deep halothane anaesthesia modify the cardiovascular effect of vagal stimulation (VS) in dogs. The animals were anaesthetized with intravenous urethane and chloralose, and paralysed with metocurine. Normal temperature and arterial blood gas variables were maintained and supramaximal VS was applied to the distal end of both vagus nerves for 5 min. No differences were found in any of the variables measured among the time periods when VS was repeated five times in six control dogs receiving urethane-chloralose basal narcosis only to determine the effects of time. VS resulted in 15 +/- 3 s (mean +/- s.e. mean) of asystole. Heart rate, cardiac output (CO) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were still significantly decreased (P less than 0.001) and central venous pressure, right atrial pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCW), systemic (SVR) and pulmonary vascular resistance significantly increased (P less than 0.01--P less than 0.001) at the end of stimulation when compared to values before VS in all 24 dogs. Neither hypoxia [PaO2 5.3 kPa (40 mmHg)] nor respiratory acidosis [pH 7.00, PaCO2 10.6 kPa (80 mmHg)] modified these effects of VS. VS during halothane anaesthesia (1.6% end-tidal concentration) resulted in further significant decreases (P less than 0.05--P less than 0.001) in CO, MAP, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, PCW and SVR when compared to VS under basal narcosis. VS under halothane anaesthesia combined with hypoxia or respiratory acidosis did not decrease the cardiovascular parameters as much as VS under halothane anaesthesia alone. VS alone, or in combination with hypoxia or respiratory acidosis, failed to cause persistent asystole. PMID- 7124307 TI - Nitroprusside-hypotension: cerebral blood flow and cerebral oxygen consumption in neurosurgical patients. AB - The effects of nitroprusside-induced hypotension on cerebral blood flow and cerebral oxygen consumption were investigated in nine patients scheduled for cerebral arterial aneurysm surgery. Anesthesia was maintained with nitrous oxide/oxygen and fentanyl; muscle relaxation was achieved with pancuronium; PaCO2 was maintained at 4.79-5.32 kPa. Mean arterial pressure was reduced to 50 mmHg by nitroprusside infusion after opening of the dura. Measurements were recorded and blood samples were taken 15 min before induction of hypotension, during stable hypotension and 15 min after termination of nitroprusside infusion. Measurements included: cerebral blood flow, using the argon-washin technique, cardiac output (thermodilution), mean arterial pressure and heart rate. Cerebral blood flow averaged 56 +/- 6 min . 100 g before hypotension. Nitroprusside produced hypotension but did not significantly alter cerebral blood flow (61 +/- 7 ml/min . 100 g). Cerebral blood flow remained virtually at preinfusion values upon cessation of infusion (53 +/- 6 ml/min . 100 g). Cerebral oxygen uptake averaged 3 +/- 0.2 ml/min . 100 g before hypotension and did not change significantly during hypotension (3.3 +/- 0.3 ml/min . 100 g) and after termination of hypotension (2.7 +/- -0.3 ml/min . 100 g). In two patients nitroprusside produced a 17 and 20% increase, respectively, in cerebral blood flow with no change in cerebral oxygen consumption, together with a marked increase in cardiac output and heart rate. PMID- 7124309 TI - Chlormethiazole (Heminevrin), pethidine and nitrous oxide as compared to halothane for general anesthesia. AB - The anaesthetic and postanaesthetic course in a group of gynaecological patients anaesthetized with chlormethiazole (Heminevrin) was investigated and the results compared to a similar group of patients anaesthetized with halothane. Both drugs were used as the main anaesthetic agent in the respective regimes, supplemented by nitrous oxide/oxygen and muscle relaxants. Because chlormethiazole is devoid of analgetic effects, the importance of using pethidine in combination with chlormethiazole is emphasized. An advantage of using chlormethiazole is that it can serve as both an induction and maintenance agent. The plasma concentrations of chlormethiazole were studied in seven patients. For induction, the mean concentration was 4.5 micrograms/ml. The mean concentration on waking at the termination of operation was 1.3 micrograms/ml. No serious side effects were encountered in either treatment. The results suggested that chlormethiazole in combination with an analgetic drug and nitrous oxide could be suitable in elderly patients, although occasionally less effective in the young. PMID- 7124308 TI - Analgesia for circumcision in children. A comparison of caudal bupivacaine and intramuscular buprenorphine. PMID- 7124305 TI - Cardiovascular effects of high-dose fentanyl anaesthesia. AB - An anaesthetic technique using high-dose fentanyl for coronary artery surgery is described. Fentanyl 60 or 70 micrograms kg-1 was used as the sole anaesthetic agent, and patients were ventilated with air/O2 (fentanyl 70 micrograms kg-1) or N2O/O2 (fentanyl 60 micrograms kg-1). Cardiovascular data from 30 patients are presented. Fentanyl caused no significant cardiovascular depression. The only statistically significant changes in cardiovascular parameters were seen in the patients who received fentanyl 60 micrograms kg-1. Five minutes after skin incision there was an increase in peripheral resistance. Diastolic pressure was increased following sternotomy. Problems associated with this technique of anaesthesia are a 50% incidence of hypertension following sternotomy (requiring treatment with sodium nitroprusside) and prolonged respiratory depression. The lack of cardiovascular depression produced by fentanyl and the ability of fentanyl to reduce hormonal and metabolic responses to surgery make it a satisfactory technique for cardiac anaesthesia. PMID- 7124310 TI - A study of ECG abnormalities and myocardial specific enzymes in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage. AB - Twenty-two patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage were investigated for changes in myoglobin, total CK, CK-MB and CK-BB in serum and for the incidence of ECG abnormalities. Serial ECG's showed abnormalities in 20 patients; 15 of these had T wave changes, 15 Q-Tc prolongation, ten had S-T depression and nine U waves and in seven cases arrhythmias were found. The purpose of the study was to find out whether a relationship could be established between the ECG abnormalities and changes in serum myoglobin and enzymes. However, in no patient could myoglobin or enzyme patterns consistent with acute myocardial or cerebral damage be observed and therefore the ECG abnormalities do not seem to be related to detectable myocardial damage. PMID- 7124311 TI - Moderate hypotensive anaesthesia for reduction of blood loss during total hip replacement. AB - Thirty-two consecutive patients scheduled for total hip replacement were randomly allocated to receive either neurolept anaesthesia or halothane anaesthesia. In the halothane group, systolic blood pressure was reduced to 10.69-13.33 kPa in normotensive patients, and to 13.33-16.0 kPa in hypertensive patients by adjusting the inspired halothane concentration and using supplementary fentanyl when necessary. In the neurolept group, no attempt was made to reduce blood pressure below the level achieved with adequate anaesthetic doses of fentanyl and droperidol. The average peroperative blood loss in the halothane group was 809 ml (range 250-1700 ml); this was significantly lower than in the neurolept anaesthesia group in which an average blood loss of 1909 ml (range 600-4900 ml) occurred. Moderate hypotensive halothane anaesthesia is recommended as an anaesthetic technique for total hip replacement. PMID- 7124312 TI - How much do arm movements displace cubital central venous catheters? AB - The effect of abduction and adduction of the arm on the position of central venous catheters inserted via cubital veins was studied in 41 surgical patients. The location of the catheter tip and the abduction-adduction angle were measured from x-ray pictures. With adduction, the catheter always advanced inwards, the maximal movement being 9.5 cm. The average displacement varied from 2.0 cm to 3.3 cm and there was a statistically significant correlation (P less than 0.001; r = 0.831) between the advancement of the catheter tip and the abduction-adduction angle. There was no correlation between tip displacement and change in central venous pressure. PMID- 7124314 TI - Anthropometric studies of human subjects susceptible to malignant hyperpyrexia. AB - Height, weight, and skinfold thickness were measured on 82 patients prior to muscle biopsy which was performed to determine their susceptibility to malignant hyperpyrexia. Percentage body fat was calculated from the skinfold measurements. Using AP photographs six coronal diameters of the left thigh, equally spaced between the lower border of the patella and the perineum, were measured on another group of 90 patients referred for biopsy. The subjects were then divided into those who were susceptible to malignant hyperpyrexia (MHS) and those who were normal and acted as controls. Each group was separated into males and females. There was no significant difference in age between the MHS and the control groups. There was no difference between MHS and controls in height or weight but the percentage body fat in the MHS males was significantly lower than in the controls (P less than 0.02). The upper three thigh diameters in the MHS females were significantly greater than in the control group (P less than 0.05). There appears to be a difference in the leanness/fatness relationship and in the development of the thigh in MHS subjects compared with controls, but these differences are subtle and appear to vary with sex. PMID- 7124313 TI - Formation of granulocytes and macrophages in mouse bone marrow cultures exposed to various anaesthetics. AB - The effects of anaesthetics on mouse bone marrow colony growth in vitro were examined. The culture dishes were kept in boxes of stainless steel, so that the composition of the gas phase could easily be controlled. After 1 week of culturing, cell colonies were counted. The cells (macrophages and in one type of culture also granulocytes) were then washed out of the dishes and counted. Enflurane, as well as halothane, present in the gas phase at concentrations used clinically, decreased the number of colonies and cells in a dose-dependent fashion. However, intravenously administered drugs such as diazepam, fentanyl, alfentanyl, sufentanyl, thiopental and pentobarbital were not inhibitory at concentrations used in anaesthetic practice, but at least some of them depressed cell formation when high concentrations were used. PMID- 7124315 TI - A comparative study of the haemostatic properties and cardiovascular effects of adrenaline and ornipressin in children using enflurane anaesthesia. AB - In a randomized, double-blind trial, haemostatic and cardiovascular effects of ornipressin and adrenaline were compared in 30 children requiring surgery for "bat-ear" deformity. Mean total blood loss was 14.3 ml with ornipressin and 11.7 ml with adrenaline, this difference being insignificant. There was a significant and progressive reduction in mean heart rate in children who received ornipressin, from 134 to 116 bpm (P less than 0.05), and a significant rise from 127 to 134 bpm (P less than 0.05) with adrenaline. Mean systolic pressure was unaltered by ornipressin but was significantly increased from 97 to 105 mmHg (P less than 0.05) in children receiving adrenaline. Ornipressin is as effective a haemostatic agent as adrenaline and the rises in heart rate and systolic pressure associated with adrenaline, which are factors known to predispose to the onset of ventricular dysrhythmias, do not occur with ornipressin. PMID- 7124316 TI - Hemodynamic and metabolic effects of ketamine anesthesia in the geriatric patient. AB - The cardiovascular and metabolic effects of ketamine as the sole anesthetic agent for surgical correction of fractured neck of femur were studied in eight spontaneously breathing geriatric patients (mean age 83 years) before premedication, at the end of operation, and 15 min and 2 h after the end of anesthesia. Arterial blood pressure, cardiac index, left ventricular stroke work index and oxygen consumption increased during anesthesia but had returned to preoperative levels 15 min after the end of anesthesia. Vascular resistance, heart rate and stroke volume index were not significantly changed. During anesthesia, arterial carbon dioxide tension increased whereas arterial pH and arterial BE decreased. The levels of glucose and lactate increased in both blood and skeletal muscle during anesthesia and remained elevated throughout the period studied but the lactate:pyruvate ratio was unchanged. High energy phosphagen levels in skeletal muscle did not change. Ketamine anesthesia in the spontaneously breathing geriatric patient induces cardiovascular stimulation and metabolic changes indicative of an increased sympathetic stimulation, whereas respiration is slightly depressed. The magnitude of these changes is, however, small and it thus seems that ketamine can be safely used as the sole anesthetic agent for hip fracture surgery in the average geriatric patient. PMID- 7124320 TI - Acute cardiovascular collapse after administration of suxamethonium. AB - The case is reported of an acute cardiovascular collapse immediately after the administration of suxamethonium to a 25-year-old woman undergoing a diagnostic laparoscopy under general anesthesia. Reintervention 14 days later--without the use of suxamethonium--was uneventful. A skin prik test with suxamethonium proved highly positive. A survey of the literature is given and an attempt is made to distinguish between true anaphylaxis and anaphylactoid reaction. PMID- 7124318 TI - Effects of neurolept and epidural analgesia on cardiovascular function and tissue metabolism in the geriatric patient. PMID- 7124317 TI - Cardiovascular and metabolic effects of halothane and enflurane anesthesia in the geriatric patient. PMID- 7124321 TI - An unusual malposition of a subclavian vein catheter. PMID- 7124319 TI - Preanesthetic evaluation of the female geriatric patient with hip fracture. PMID- 7124324 TI - The cerebellar arteries: cortical patterns and vascularization of the cerebellar nuclei. AB - This paper reports an anatomical study of the vascular supply in 60 human cerebelli from subjects of both sexes, aged between 20 and 60 years, who had died of various accidental causes. The origin, branching pattern and cortical and central distributions of the cerebellar arteries have been studied by gross dissection, vascular injection and corrosion procedures. Variations of the normal pattern of the cerebellar arteries in both origin and cortical distribution are frequently found, the anterior inferior and the posterior inferior cerebellar arteries being the arteries showing the highest number of variations. The anomalies most frequently found are duplication in the origin, abnormal origin, and the presence of hypoplastic vessels. The cerebellar nuclei were supplied by the rhomboidal artery, a collateral branch of the superior cerebellar artery. The formation of a precise segmentary vascular pattern into the dentate nucleus by branches arising from the rhomboidal artery is described. The results are discussed in the light of other anatomical studies. PMID- 7124322 TI - Naloxone induces excitation of the cardiovascular system and a rise in myocardial oxygen consumption in fentanyl and meperidine-anesthetized dogs. AB - Naloxone, when administered for the purpose in reversing opiate-induced respiratory depression after morphine- or fentanyl-anesthesia may precipitate an increase in sympathetic tone with subsequent cardiovascular reactions. In order to investigate which variable of the cardiovascular system is affected most and to compare whether the effects after fentanyl anesthesia (0.05 mg/kg) differ markedly from those after sole equianesthetic meperidine-anesthesia (20 mg/kg), naloxone (5 microgram/kg) was given shortly (15 min.) after opiate injection. In the fentanyl group (n = 7) compared to the anesthetic level the antagonist induces an increase in heart-rate by 100%, in LV dP/dt max (inotropic state of the myocardium) by 90%, in mean peripheral blood pressure (afterload of the heart by 80%, in myocardial oxygen consumption by 50% and in left ventricular pressure by 42%. After 32 minutes all variables had returned to anesthesia values. In the meperidine-group (n = 7) naloxone induced an increase in heart-rate by 13%, in LV dP/dt max by 75%, in mean peripheral blood pressure by 65%, in myocardial oxygen consumption by 25% and in left ventricular pressure by 78%. After 25 minutes all increased variables had returned to prenaloxone values. The study indicates that the more potent the opiate agonist, the more naloxone is liable to induce a hyperexcitatory state of the cardiovascular system. This excitatory state is also reflected in an elevated myocardial oxygen consumption. Therefore caution is advised in administering naloxone to patients after sole opiate-anesthesia, who have an impaired myocardial oxygen supply. (Acta anaesth. belg., 1982, 33, 89 97). PMID- 7124325 TI - Fine structure of the retinal epithelium, Bruch's membrane (Complexus basalis) and choriocapillaris in the domestic ferret. AB - The fine structure of the retinal epithelium, choriocapillaris, and Bruch's membrane has been studied by electron microscopy in the domestic ferret. The ferret possesses a tapetum cellulosum in the superior fundus, and the morphology of the retinal epithelium and its associated structures varies depending upon its relation to the tapetum. Over the tapetum the retinal epithelium is a single layer of low cuboidal cells with basal infoldings and two types of apical process. Internally the cells are non-pigmented, display much smooth endoplasmic reticulum, little rough endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, phagosomes, and a basally located nucleus. The choriocapillaris is composed of large capillaries indented into the retinal epithelium. Bruch's membrane is thin and composed of three layers. In non-tapetal regions the retinal epithelial cells are pigmented but display most of the other features noted over the tapetum. The choriocapillaris is not indented in non-tapetal areas. Bruch's membrane appears identical to that noted over the tapetum. Wandering phagocytes are occasionally noted at the retinal epithelium-photoreceptor junction. PMID- 7124326 TI - Cytology of milk in guinea pigs. AB - Identification, total and differential counts of cell populations in guinea pig colostrum, milk and involution secretion were carried out. The cellular concentration in colostrum was high, but there was a dramatic decline in milk collected at the peak of lactation. Advancement of mammary gland involution was associated with a dramatic increase in cellular concentration. The neutrophil was the predominant cell type in colostrum, milk and early involution secretion. Macrophages were present at all stages of lactation and became the predominant cell as involution advanced. The proportion of lymphocytes was low and remained constant throughout the various stages of lactation. Small numbers of eosinophils and epithelial cells were present in most of the samples examined. PMID- 7124327 TI - Surface projection of arterial segments in the human kidney. AB - Study of intrarenal arterial segments of human kidney by the corrosion cast method has been carried out on 100 kidneys obtained within 24 h of death. The five arterial segments which are normally described, namely, apical, upper, middle, lower and posterior, were reduced to four in 46% of the kidneys due to either absence of the apical segment or fusion of the upper and middle or middle and lower segments. The number of segments was very rarely (1%) reduced to three due to the absence of the posterior and apical segments. The apical segment was absent in 15%. The upper and middle segments were combined in 14% and the middle and lower segments in 17%. The surface projections of different segments were variable depending upon the intrarenal branching pattern of the segmental arteries. PMID- 7124329 TI - Morphological observations on the papillae of the opossum tongue. AB - The dorsum of the opossum tongue shows filiform, fungiform, conical and three vallate papillae. An additional type, the compound filiform papilla, is characteristic of most marsupials, including the opossum. These are unique structures in which the epithelium forms fringe-like, keratinized projections around the apical borders of the papillae. The covering epithelium is an extensively keratinized, stratified squamous type with a well-developed stratum granulosum containing numerous keratohyalin granules. Large, heavily cornified conical papillae occur in a patch near the anterior end of the tongue and the apex of each papilla is directed posteriorly. Taste buds are associated with only the three vallate papillae which form a triangle near the base of the tongue. They are not present on the fungiform papillae or in the posterolateral mucosal folds which appear to replace the foliate papillae of other species. PMID- 7124328 TI - Quantitative ultrastructural studies of the cat carotid body. II. The type I cell nerve endings. PMID- 7124323 TI - Comparison of diazepam and midazolam as oral premedicants for bronchoscopy under local anesthesia. AB - A randomized double blind comparison between diazepam 10 mg, and midazolam 15 mg as oral premedicants in diagnostic fiber optic bronchoscopy under local anesthesia was made. The subjective assessments by the patient, the observer and the bronchoscopist showed that midazolam 15 mg orally gives an at least comparable degree of sedation, relief of anxiety and patient's tolerance as diazepam 10 mg orally. Midazolam 15 mg gives some degree of anterograde amnesia where diazepam 10 mg completely fails. Psychomotor recovery after 4 hours is better after midazolam 15 mg than after diazepam 10 mg. No adverse reactions were seen with both premedicants. PMID- 7124330 TI - Intimal folds of the rabbit aorta. PMID- 7124332 TI - The development of the lobes of the metanephros and fetal kidney. PMID- 7124331 TI - Sarcomere length and EMG activity in some jaw muscles of the rabbit. AB - The sarcomere length of the rabbit pterygoid, temporal and digastric muscles was determined in seven mandibular positions. Six positions are representative of mastication, one of gnawing. Jaw displacement has a different effect in jaw openers (digastric and lateral pterygoid) and closers. The sarcomeres of the openers are long when the jaw is in molar occlusion and shorten relatively little at jaw opening. In the jaw closers they are very short in molar occlusion and become strongly extended when the mouth is open. Timing of electrical activity and sarcomere shortening corresponds closely. All muscles become active at sarcomere lengths of 2.6-3.1 micrometers. In the jaw closers, sarcomeres shorten till 2.1-2.3 micrometers during activity; in the jaw openers they do not shorten beyond 2.6-2.7 micrometers. Hence the openers remain close to optimum length (2.7 micrometers) while the closers shorten to lengths where possibly only 60% of the maximal isometric force can be exerted. During the initial phase of jaw closing, the medial pterygoid and temporalis shorten at speeds estimated to approach 50% of the presumed maximum speed. During the rest of the closing and power stroke, contraction takes place under near-isometric conditions, with little loss of force due to shortening. The jaw openers act at low shortening velocities. PMID- 7124333 TI - Presence of chondroid tissue in the symphyseal region of the growing human mandible. PMID- 7124334 TI - Trophic specificity of the gustatory fibers upon taste bud regeneration. AB - 24 adult dogs were classified into six groups; in 2 animals of each group the lingual nerve was transected distal to the point of entry of the chorda tympani and its proximal end was sutured to the distal end of the glossopharyngeal nerve. In the other 2 animals transtympanic chorda tympani neurectomy was performed before suturing the lingual and glossopharyngeal nerves. Invasion of the papillae by regenerating fibers from the 8th postoperative week onwards was followed by reappearance of taste buds only in lingual glossopharyngeal anastomosis with intact chorda tympani. The difference in number of taste buds, size and number of constituent cells between the two operative procedures was statistically significant from the 8th week onwards. The significance of these findings was discussed. PMID- 7124335 TI - [Arterial blood supply of the digestive tract in badgers]. AB - In 5 dendrohyraxes, 6 heterohyraxes, and 7 procaviae the three main visceral arteries have been studied. In all hyracoidea the Arteria coeliaca divides into the Arteria lienalis, Arteria hepatica communis, and Arteria gastrica sinistra. Occasionally the latter two arteries run together for 7-15 mm before they separate. The Arteria mesenterica cranialis gives rise to the Arteriae pancreaticoduodenales caudales, Arteriae jejunales, Arteria colica media, and Arteria colica dextra and continues as Arteria ileocolica. Some animals had an Arteria colica media accessoria which supplied the first half of the colon descendens. In all other animals the entire colon descendens was supplied by the Arteria colica sinistra which originates in the Arteria mesenterica caudalis. Branches of the Arteria rectalis cranialis extend close to the anus. PMID- 7124337 TI - Experiments and ultrastructural investigations on the mouse embryo during early teratogen-sensitive stages. AB - The effect of iron gluconate on the mouse embryo was studied in early embryonic development before the chorioallantoic placenta was established. Iron gluconate is teratogenic to mouse embryos after intraperitoneal application to pregnant mice on the 8th and 9th days of gestation. The most pronounced defect is exencephaly. As seen with the electron microscopy, iron gluconate enters the cells of the yolk sac. The excessive uptake of iron gluconate in the cells of the yolk sac alters these cells for a short period. Iron gluconate is visible, neither in the cells of the head process nor in the cells of the neuroectoderm, but the neuroectodermal cells show necrotic degeneration. Two different types of necrosis can be found; these appear at a time (13-22 h after maternal treatment) when the yolk sac cells are normalized again. PMID- 7124336 TI - Age-related changes in prolactin cell percentage and serum prolactin levels in intact and neonatally gonadectomized male and female rats. AB - Electron microscopically the percentages of various pituitary cell types were calculated at 30 and 90 days of age. Prolactin cell percentage was more at 90 days of age than at 30 days in both intact male and female rats. No sexual difference was observed in the percentage of prolactin cells at 30 days of age, but at 90 days female pituitaries contained more numerous prolactin cells than males ones. Neonatal ovariectomy did not affect the prolactin cell percentage at 30 days of age, while it lowered the percentage at 90 days. Neonatal orchidectomy did not affect the prolactin cell percentage at both 30 and 90 days of age. Mitotic prolactin cells were more frequently observed in intact female rats at estrus than in intact male rats at 90 days of age. These results shown the presence of the sexual difference in the proliferation of prolactin cells. Serum prolactin levels increased with age in intact male and female rats. In neonatally gonadectomized male and female rats the serum prolactin levels failed to increase at 60 and 90 days of age. In general conclusion, the changes in serum prolactin levels are in line with the changes in prolactin cell population during postnatal development. PMID- 7124338 TI - Ultrastructural localization of calcium in human uterine tube epithelial cells. AB - Microbiopsies of 38 specimens of human Fallopian tube fimbrial epithelium obtained during hysterosalpingectomy operations were processed for electron microscopic observation. Calcium localization was demonstrated utilizing the pyroantimonate-osminium-tetroxide technique. Calcium deposits were consistently observed as scattered granules in the nuclei, nucleoli, and cell membranes of secretory and ciliary cells regardless of the stage of the menstrual cycle. On the other hand, mitochondrial-bound calcium was observed in the ciliary cells during the preovulatory phase, coinciding with relatively high estrogen levels, and was not found during the peri- and postovulatory phases of the menstrual cycle. It appears that there is cellular calcium which is relatively stable and is probably part of the structural components of the cells. The ciliary cell mitochondrial calcium appears to be more labile and is therefore available for mobilization and utilization in the metabolic processes associated with the periovulatory phase. PMID- 7124339 TI - [Development of the caudal portions of the Mullerian ducts in the rat (Rattus norvegicus)]. AB - The development of the caudal portion of the Mullerian ducts was studied in rats. The following results were obtained: (1) In the female embryonic rat the proximal thirds of the caudal parts of the Mullerian ducts meet to form the anlage of the biluminal cervix uteri of the uterus duplex. The middle and the distal thirds of the Mullerian ducts fuse and become the canalis vaginalis. (2) In the female embryonic rat the canalis vaginalis represents the anlage of the cranial part of the vagina. (3) During embryonic life the epithelium of the sinus urogenitalis proliferates and develops into the vaginal plate. (4) At birth the vagina is closed by the vaginal plate. (5) In the male embryonic rat the caudal parts of the Mullerian ducts degenerate completely in their proximal and middle thirds. The distal third (canalis vaginalis) disintegrates cranially, caudally it gives rise to the prostatic vaginula. (6) In the male rat the prostatic vaginula is a remnant of the vaginal anlage, unlike the prostatic utriculus in man which contains a remnant of the uterine anlage. PMID- 7124341 TI - Cytofluorescence localization of adriamycin in the nervous system. I. Distribution of the drug in the central nervous system of normal adult mice after intravenous injection. AB - By a fluorescence-microscopic technique the distribution of the antineoplastic glycoside, adriamycin (doxorubicin), was studied in the CNS of normal adult mice after i.v. injection. Doses comparable to those used in patients for the treatment of malignant diseases were used. The drug did not have access to areas of the brain within the blood-brain barrier but, except for the subcommissural organ, it was consistently localized in the nuclei of neurons and/or glial cells of the circumventricular organs (postremal area, subfornical organ, median eminence, neurohypophysis) as well as in cells of the choroid plexus and lamina cribrosa of the optic nerve. The nuclear fluorescence was accompanied by a less intense extracellular fluorescence when the survival time was shorter than 1 min after the injection. The fluorescence emitted by adriamycin was seen as early as 15 s after injection and showed its highest intensity at 1 and 15 min later. After 24 h fluorescence was no longer observed except for the ependymal zone of the median eminence. Our study thus shows that adriamycin passes from the blood into the nervous parenchyma in those areas of the brain located outside the blood brain barrier. This finding raises the question whether in such regions there are any neurotoxicologic effects produced by the drug which have not yet been detected. PMID- 7124340 TI - Ultrastructure of non-myelinated neurons during energy deprivation. AB - This paper examines the neuropathology of oxygen-glucose deprivation uncomplicated by stagnant conditions. Rabbit vagus nerves were pulled into a multi-compartment perfusion chamber, stimulated five times per second and deprived of energy by substituting nitrogen and deoxyglucose for oxygen and glucose in the Locke's perfusate. After incubation the compartments were perfused with gluteraldehyde solution, and the nerves were prepared for electron microscopy. Fixation in the compartments ensured precise cross and longitudinal sections which permitted quantitative comparisons. Although the action potentials ceased in 45 min, 1 h of energy deprivation did not significantly affect the ultrastructure. After 2 h of deprivation the axons were smaller and flattened and microtubules appeared packed together. In the smallest axons the microtubules were gone, the neurofilaments were compacted and the few mitochondria had a dense, homogenous appearance. By 4 h the shrinking was extreme, yet 8% were swollen much larger than any of the controls. Longitudinal views showed these ballooned areas were greatly expanded regions of the smallest axons. Both tiny and huge regions were devoid of microtubules and the swollen axons contained expanded mitochondria. Calcium is indirectly implicated in the pathogenesis by the concurrence of mitochondrial alteration as the microtubules disappear coupled with the known role of mitochondria in calcium regulation and the reported effect of high calcium on microtubual dissociation. It is suggested that axons first shrink as osmotically active molecules are used or washed out. After a time without energy the mitochondria can no longer regulate the intracellular calcium, microtubules dissociate, and calcium-activated phospholipases create osmotically active molecules. Finally, high-amplitude, disruptive swelling occurs. PMID- 7124342 TI - Peripheral medulloepithelioma. PMID- 7124343 TI - 'Dystrophic' Purkinje cell dendrites in an infant. AB - A 6 1/2 month old male infant presented a week after his birth with secretory diarrhea of unknown etiology. He was sustained by central hyperalimentation for the rest of his life, and treated for presumed sepsis with a wide variety of antibiotics. The brain showed vacuolation in the diencephalic nuclei and white matter of the brain stem. There were also many clusters of enlarged Purkinje cell dendrites in the molecular layer. In Golgi preparations the primary and secondary dendrites showed segmental swellings and absent tertiary branchlets. The swellings were due to remarkable accumulations of mitochondria. The pathogenesis of the dendritic changes is discussed, and 'dying back' phenomenon is proposed to explain the changes. PMID- 7124346 TI - Biochemical studies of metachromatic leukodystrophy in three siblings. AB - Biochemical analyses were performed on cerebral biopsies from three siblings with metachromatic leukodystrophy, and from autopsy tissue obtained 6 months later. The lipids of all gray matter samples were relatively normal, with the exception of an elevated sulfatide: cerebroside ratio. The white matter samples were grossly abnormal and showed a progression in severity of biochemical abnormalities with duration of the disease. Sulfatides were 4-8-fold higher than normal, and the ratio of cerebrosides to sulfatides ranged from 0.13 to 0.26, compared to the normal value of about 4.0. Myelin was isolated in very low yield, but had normal morphology. As others have reported, it had the same chemical defect as whole white matter; sulfatides were 7-8 times higher than normal and cerebrosides were reduced by more than half. The fatty acid compositions of the myelin sphingolipids were found to be of much longer average chain length than those in affected white matter. In myelin, the unsubstituted fatty acids of cerebrosides and sphingomyelin had a higher percentage of short chains than found in normal myelin, but were less abnormal than those in whole white matter, whereas the unsubstituted and alpha-hydroxy acids of sulfatides and the alpha hydroxy acids of cerebrosides were not deficient in long chains. These data indicate that there are at least two compartments of sphingolipids in MLD white matter, each having different average chain lengths. PMID- 7124345 TI - The permeability alteration of brain and spinal cord vasculature to horseradish peroxidase during experimental decompression sickness as compared to the alteration in permeability induced by hyperosmolar solution. AB - The permeability of microvasculature in the cerebral cortex, neostriatum, and spinal cord to i.v. injected horseradish peroxidase (HRP) has been investigated in rats following experimental compression to 6.1 bars (abs.) air for 90 min, and subsequent decompression to the ambient pressure in 1 min. For comparison, 1 ml of 2.0 M urea was injected into the right common carotid artery of rats during 15 s. After exposure to compression-decompression, under the light microscope focal leaky areas were found in all the regions examined. The leakage was most prominent in the grey matter of the spinal cord, and the cerebral cortex. In decompressed rats, arterioles were most often the site of peroxidase extravasation, whereas extravasation of HRP was less frequently displayed by capillaries and venules. In urea-treated rats, capillaries and venules frequently displayed extravasation of HRP as well. Parenchymal cells accumulated the trace adjacent to the leaky areas. Under the electron microscope, the extravasation of HRP was associated with peroxidase-containing pleomorphic vesicular structures in the endothelium, both in decompressed and urea-injected rats. Moreover, in contrast to decompressed rats, the junctions between endothelial cells were penetrated by the trace in urea-treated rats. Accordingly, the results indicate that during decompression sickness the pathway for the extravasation of proteins is through vesicular transfer, whereas the injection of hyperosmolar urea induces extravasation, both through vesicular transfer and junctions between the endothelial cells. PMID- 7124344 TI - Primary demyelination in visna. An ultrastructural study of Icelandic sheep with clinical signs following experimental infection. AB - Two Icelandic sheep with clinical signs of visna appearing 6-7 years after intracerebral infection with visna virus were killed, fixed by perfusion and the central nervous system lesions examined by light and electron microscopy. Both sheep showed similar pathological changes. In the brain there was a severe periventricular inflammatory process with small foci of liquefaction necrosis and scattered small granulomas. In some areas of inflammation there was evidence of primary demyelination but it was not prominent. In the spinal cord there were focal plaques of primary demyelination. At the ultrastructural level the spinal cord lesions showed unambiguous primary demyelination with many naked axons; various stages of remyelination with peripheral type of myelin were also common. These observations indicate that the CNS lesions of visna, as seen in Icelandic sheep, fall into two categories: (a) an inflammatory process which often begins within weeks of infection and which occurs in the majority of infected animals in the absence of clinical paresis; and (b) focal demyelinating lesions of the spinal cord which are seen in sheep with clinical paresis but are uncommon in animals prior to onset of clinical signs. Both types of lesions may coexist. PMID- 7124347 TI - A highly predictable animal model of retinoblastoma. AB - A new animal model of retinoblastoma was developed in newborn inbred CDF rats by intravitreous inoculation of retinal tumor cells (5 X 10(4)/5 microliter) derived from the cultured tumor cell line EXP-5. The retinal tumor from which the cell line originated was induced by a single intravitreous inoculation of human adenovirus serotype 12 (5 microliter of 10(8) TCID 50/0.1 ml) in syngeneic rats. Within 1 month after intravitreous inoculation of EXP-5 cells, a clinically recognizable ocular tumor was obtained in all 39 rats. Ad 12-specific T-antigens were demonstrated in the cultured tumor cells using immunofluorescent techniques. Morphologically these tumor cells closely resembled retinoblastoma, with poorly differentiated intracytoplasmic organelles, solitary cilia with a 9 + 0 tubule pattern, and abnormal nuclear membrane associated with a set of basal bodies. The significance of this highly manipulable retinal tumor cell line is the capability of providing a full-fledged intravitreous tumor in 1-month-old CDF rats, whose actual life span is known to be 42 months. Transplantable retinal tumors described to date are reviewed briefly and compared with the presently reported cell line. PMID- 7124348 TI - Evidence for a chronic axonal atrophy in oculopharyngeal "muscular dystrophy". AB - We report on morphometric investigations of peripheral nerves in a woman, who died at the age of 69, presenting the classical symptoms of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) and a typical family history with several members (males and females) affected over three generations. Evidence for chronic axonal atrophy was found in peripheral nerves and especially in oculomotor nerves with severe axon loss in endomysial nerve twigs of extraocular, laryngeal, and tongue muscles. Whereas limb muscles presented features of neurogenic atrophy, severe changes of "myopathic" type were evident in extrinsic eye muscles, laryngeal constrictor, tongue, and diaphragma. However, we interpreted these changes as neurogenic in origin in view of the severe denervation found in those muscles. Our findings suggest that OPMD is a disease of primary neurogenic origin rather than a primary myopathic disorder. PMID- 7124350 TI - Pituitary adenoma with amyloid deposits and hyperprolactinemia. Case report and review. PMID- 7124351 TI - Pathogenesis of four-layered microgyric cortex in man. AB - Microgyria (polygria, polymicrogyria) has stimulated continued interest since its first description by Meschede [28]. Based on analysis of case material, available staining techniques, and known principles of human cortical development, subsequent investigators have proposed numerous theories to explain its pathogenesis. We have studied a case which cannot be fully explained by these previously proposed theories. In this case, four-layered microgyria is present bilaterally in middle cerebral artery distribution, but in one hemisphere, in the center of the malformed area, the deep acellular and cellular layers are replaced by radially aligned neurons extending ectopically into prospective white matter. Analysis of the findings in this case provide evidence that the recently described pathogenetic mechanism observed in a rat model of this malformation [15,16] is applicable to its formation in man. PMID- 7124349 TI - Brain lesions in a case of cystinosis. AB - Cystinosis usually spares the brain or causes only deposition of cystine crystals without destructive lesions in choroid plexus or, rarely, in brain parenchyma. A case of cystinosis is presented with unusually long survival and with bilateral necrosis, numerous concretions, and extensive demyelination of internal capsule and brachium pontis. No cystine crystals could be demonstrated in these lesions although they were present in the choroid plexus. The symmetry and unique distribution of the lesions as well as their histopathology suggested a progressive process caused by the metabolic dysfunction of cystinosis. The validity of this hypothesis will be determined by future experience as renal transplants enable more patients to survive into adult life. PMID- 7124352 TI - Screening for cancer of the uterine cervix in Iceland 1965--1978. AB - The trends in the mortality and morbidity from cervical cancer in Iceland for the period 1965--1978 are examined in relation to the screening programme that began in 1964. By 1970 over 80% of the female population under the age of 65 had been screened at least once, and by 1977 over 65% of women under the age of 75 had been screened at least twice. Mortality fell by 60% between 1959--1970 and 1975- 1978, with a corresponding fall in the incidence of advanced tumors. The mortality rates among the unscreened population are more than ten-fold greater than among the screened. The greater part of the fall in mortality is attributed to the mass screening programme. PMID- 7124354 TI - Gestational age and ultrasonic measurement of gestational sac, crown-rump length and biparietal diameter during first 15 weeks of pregnancy. PMID- 7124353 TI - Fetal response to voluntary maternal hyperventilation. A preliminary report. AB - Maternal hyperventilation can cause transient reduction in fetal oxygen tension. Fifty women with normal and high-risk pregnancies, between the 32nd and 43rd week, were voluntarily hyperventilated; in 33, fetal heart rate (FHR) acceleration or transient tachycardia were observed (reactive FHR). Of the 33 pregnancies the outcome was good in 30 (91%) as judged by the absence of perinatal death, no fetal distress in labor and no intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). In 14 patients in whom there was no FHR response to maternal hyperventilation (non-reactive FHR), the outcome of pregnancy was significantly worse; one infant died neonatally, 10 were either chronically (IUGR), or acutely distressed. Only in 3 was the outcome good (21%). The study showed that there is good correlation between a "reactive" FHR and favorable neonatal outcome, and between a "non-reactive" FHR and an unfavorable neonatal outcome. PMID- 7124355 TI - Antibiotic levels in plasma and peritoneal fluid after amoxycillin, ampicillin, and bacampicillin treatment for pelvic inflammatory disease. AB - Fifteen patients with pelvic inflammatory disease had a thin polyethylene catheter inserted through the abdominal wall into the pouch of Douglas for sampling of peritoneal fluid. At hourly intervals peritoneal fluid and capillary blood were collected. Five patients each received a single oral dose of either 0.5 g of ampicillin or amoxycillin, or 0.8 g of bacampicillin (approximately equimolar doses). This highest median peak plasma level was observed after bacampicillin. Bacampicillin also showed less variation in individual plasma concentration. The area below the plasma curve was similar for amoxycillin and bacampicillin, whereas that of ampicillin was significantly smaller (p less than 0.01). The rate of penetration into peritoneal fluid was slower for amoxycillin than for bacampicillin, even though the area below the peritoneal fluid curve was similar for the two drugs. Therapeutic levels were maintained for 5--8 hours, longer after amoxycillin than after bacampicillin. PMID- 7124356 TI - Colposcopic pattern of cervicitis, dysplasia and pre-invasive cancer of the uterine cervix. AB - The great majority of cervical neoplasia begin in the transformation zone between the squamous and the columnar epithelium, i.e. within the area in which metaplasia takes place. This process, both normal and atypical, can be studied colposcopically. Colposcopy increases the diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic success in cervical neoplasia as it is the only method that permits a topographical study of cervical lesions, and indicates the location of neoplastic epithelial proliferation. PMID- 7124357 TI - Massive hyperstimulation and borderline carcinoma of the ovary. A possible association. AB - A patient with persistent ovarian cysts subsequent to clomiphene-induced severe hyperstimulation was found to have borderline ovarian carcinoma. Since several endocrine and epidemiological studies implicate hormonal factors in the genesis of ovarian tumors, a possible association between ovarian hyperstimulation and neoplasia is suggested. PMID- 7124358 TI - Peroperative electrocoagulation of endocervical mucosa and later carcinoma of the cervical stump. AB - The incidence of carcinoma of the cervical stump is, according to literature, 0.3 -1.9%. During the years 1952--78, 2712 subtotal hysterectomies for benign conditions were performed in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Turku. During the operation the endocervical mucosa was electrocoagulated before closing the stump. Of these patients, 3 have since developed carcinoma of the cervical stump; thus the incidence in our material is 0.11%. It has been supposed that subtotal hysterectomy might have certain benefits in some cases. If so, and in view of the cancer risk being so low in our material, we feel that subtotal hysterectomy is still an applicable method. PMID- 7124359 TI - Scanning electron microscopic studies on stigmas in rat ovaries. AB - Ultrastructural observations on stigmas in rat ovarian follicles have been performed by scanning electron microscopy. Stigmas were classified into two types under a dissecting microscope; extensively bulging vesicles (bleb-type stigmas) and small, flat avascular areas (flat-type stigmas). The bleb-type stigma had lost its surface epithelial cells extensively, and the flattened and densely arranged fibroblasts without fibrous structures were exposed. These fibroblasts had short, serrate, cytoplasmic projections where multivesicular structure-like granules were seen. By contrast, on the flat-type stigma a small region of exposed stroma was covered with fibrous structures. Removal of the fibrous structures by the HCl-collagenase method revealed that the exposed stroma consisted of stellate fibroblasts surrounding a small opening through which a few granulosa cells were about to discharge. When the cumulus mass was protruding, it was surrounded by the fibrous structures. These findings indicate that both the stellate fibroblast formation and the presence of fibrous structures are needed for the release of ova through the stigma. PMID- 7124360 TI - The influence of gestational age on the ability of the fetus to pass meconium in utero. Clinical implications. PMID- 7124361 TI - Stretch-induced cervical softening and initiation of labor at term. A possible correlation with prostaglandins. PMID- 7124362 TI - Persistent supraventricular tachycardia following infusion with ritodrine hydrochloride. AB - A rare side effect is reported following treatment of preterm labor with ritodrine hydrochloride. The patient developed persistent supraventricular tachycardia, which had to be changed to normal sinus rhythm by cardioconversion. PMID- 7124363 TI - Extragenital endometrioid cystadenofibroma. AB - We present a case of extragenital endometrioid cystadenofibroma, whose rare pelvic localization is the motive for its publication, as no similar case had been described previously. Its possible histogenesis from a pelvic mesothelium, as well as the differential diagnosis from pelvic endometriosis is discussed. PMID- 7124365 TI - Management of preterm breech delivery. PMID- 7124364 TI - Pelvic inflammatory pseudotumor (xanthogranuloma). AB - A case is presented of a patient with xanthogranulomatous pseudotumor in the pelvic region. The pseudotumor was probably the result of inflammatory reaction in both tubes and in the uterine cavity, with pyometra. The condition is very rare and only 5 cases could be found in the literature. PMID- 7124366 TI - The patellofemoral syndrome and sports. PMID- 7124367 TI - Sport medicine of the knee joint. PMID- 7124368 TI - Tendinitis of the patellar tendon. PMID- 7124369 TI - Results of conservative treatment of patellar dislocations. PMID- 7124371 TI - [Early mobilization after surgery for earlier knee ligament instability. Apropos of 40 cases]. PMID- 7124372 TI - [Patellar chondromalacia. A syndrome with diverse etiologies]. PMID- 7124370 TI - Medial plica synovialis or shelf syndrome of the knee. PMID- 7124373 TI - Endogenous osteochondral fractures in the knee joint. PMID- 7124375 TI - The reliability of arthroscopy. PMID- 7124376 TI - [Treatment of scoliosis at the onset with braces]. PMID- 7124377 TI - Transection of crossed olivo-cochlear bundle and auditory brain stem responses in the cat. PMID- 7124374 TI - Radiographically observed growth of fragment in juvenile osteochondritis dissecans. PMID- 7124378 TI - Effect of drinking water fluoridation on stapedial otosclerosis in a low fluoride area. PMID- 7124379 TI - Effects of sympathomimetic agonists and antagonists on mucociliary activity. AB - The effect on the mucociliary (m.c.) wave frequency of sympathomimetic agonists and antagonists was studied in the maxillary sinus in anesthetized rabbits. The non-selective beta-adrenoceptor agonist isoprenaline (0.005-10 micrograms/kg i.a.) and the selective beta2-adrenoceptor agonist salbutamol (0.01-10 micrograms/kg, i.a.) induced a dose-dependent acceleration of the m.c. wave frequency, whereas the beta1-adrenoceptor agonist prenalterol (1-200 micrograms/kg, i.a.) did not influence the basal m.c. activity. The selective alpha1-adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine (0.01-20 micrograms/kg, i.a.) and the selective alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist oxymetazoline (0.001-1 microgram/kg, i.a.) both induced a dose-dependent retardation of the m.c. wave frequency. The non selective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol (2-200 micrograms/kg, i.a., and 1 mg/kg, i.v.) and the non-selective alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist phentolamine (0.1-1 000 micrograms/kg, i.a.) had no influence on the basal m.c. wave frequency. Propranolol (1-2 mg/kg, i.v.) reduced the effect of isoprenaline and salbutamol (both in the dose range of 0.01-10 micrograms/kg, i.a.) and similarly phentolamine (0.2 and 1 mg/kg, i.a.) reduced the effect of oxymetazoline (0.01-10 microgram/kg, i.a.). It was concluded that during basal conditions in the anesthetized rabbit the m.c. activity functions independently of sympathetic activity and that sympathomimetic agonists acting on beta2 adrenoceptors accelerate the wave frequency, whereas sympathomimetic agonists acting on alpha1 and alpha2-adrenoceptors have a retarding effect, all in a dose dependent manner. PMID- 7124380 TI - Participation of vascular reflex in mucosal swelling in nasal allergy. AB - A study was performed to evaluate whether vascular reflex participates in mucosal swelling in nasal allergy, by measuring changes in mucosal swelling in both nasal cavities and changes in blood flow in the bilateral inferior turbinates caused by antigenic challenge in one inferior turbinate. On unilateral challenge, the mucosa of the ipsilateral nasal cavity became swollen, with a concomitant increase in mucosal blood flow. In the contralateral nasal cavity, however, an increase in mucosal blood flow was not necessarily accompanied by mucosal swelling. An increase in mucosal blood flow on antigenic challenge was observed even in nasal mucosa, most of the parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation to which was transected by vidian neurectomy. Vascular reflex certainly participates in nasal allergy but it is not always related to mucosal swelling. Mucosal swelling in nasal allergy is considered to be caused mainly by a direct effect of chemical mediators on nasal vasculature and partly by vascular reflex. PMID- 7124381 TI - An optical method for determining changes in mucosal congestion in the nose in man. AB - As the methods available for studying physiological and drug-induced changes in mucosal congestion in the nose involve manipulations of the mucosa or alteration of the physiological conditions in the nose, a non-invasive measurement method with a high degree of accuracy has been evolved. According to this method, the subject to be examined is fixed to a measuring apparatus consisting of a microscope with low-power magnification, standing on a mechanical stage. The displacement of the mucosal surface within a small, well-defined area in the nose is studied in the microscope. The method has been tested on 6 volunteers, and statistical calculations show that the overall error is less than +/- 0.37 mm for a measurement value when the greatest observed variation in the swelling was 4 mm. The size of the mucosal area studied was smaller than 3.2 mm x 0.4 mm and the area could be reidentified at different times. As the method has a high degree of accuracy it can be considered suitable for examination of physiologic and drug induced mucosal changes. PMID- 7124382 TI - Rhinomanometry. II. A system for numerical description of nasal airway resistance. AB - Various ways of expressing rhinomanometric results have been an obstacle for exchange of information. A method that could be generally accepted must: 1) easily give the clinician an informative figure describing the nasal airway patency in all cases: 2) provide a basis for statistical evaluation: and 3) allow a numerical description of the whole pressure-flow (P-V) curve. In our system P-V curves are traced X-Y wise and described with polar coordinates (angles and radii). The system can be applied in three modes. The 'clinical' mode describes resistance at a standardized condition defined by a circle of the pressure-flow diagram. Data can be read direct from the pressure-flow curve. The 'statistical' mode yields nearly normal distribution. The 'mathematical' mode describes the whole pressure-flow curve, in terms of changing angle with radius. This mode brings about good and stable curve-fitting. Calculation of properties of the total nose from data of each cavity can be done with a pocket calculator. PMID- 7124383 TI - The treatment of perennial rhinitis with a new, non-halogenated, topical, aerosol packed, steroid, Budesonide. AB - The investigation of a recently synthesized non-halogenated steroid with a high local anti-inflammatory effect and low systemic glucocorticoid effect, on 36 patients with perennial rhinitis was carried out using a double-blind, cross-over technique, where the patients were treated with an aerosol spray containing a concentration corresponding to 200 micrograms/day and 400 micrograms/day of the active compound Budesonide, as well as placebo. There was a significantly better effect from the active compound than from placebo. A dosage-dependent effect was demonstrated for the symptoms nasal blockage and nasal discharge, while this was not so for sneezing bouts. No effect was observed on the function of the suprarenal glands. Local side effects were few and of no importance. PMID- 7124384 TI - Malignant salivary gland tumours in children. AB - Nine malignant salivary gland tumours in children, reported to the Swedish Cancer Registry between 1958 to 1980, are reviewed. All tumours appeared in the parotid gland. Five cases were muco-epidermoid carcinoma of low-grade malignancy. All patients but one were treated with surgery. The postoperative follow-up period is 1 to 21 years. Three children have died, 2 of tumour disease, 1 and 18 years respectively after diagnosis. In the other children there are no signs of recurrence. Salivary gland tumours in children must be treated according to the same principles generally accepted for adult salivary gland neoplasias. PMID- 7124385 TI - Significance of desquamated cells of nasopharyngeal mucosa based on 1081 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. AB - The results of a general investigation based on the cytological examination of swabs taken from nasopharyngeal mucosa of 1081 people were as follows. 1. Occupation: mainly workers; 687 males, 394 females; ratio 1.7:1. 2. Smear examinations revealed 450 normal cells (41.62%), 586 inflammatory cells (54.21%), 35 precarcinomatous cells (3.22%), and 7 carcinomatous cells including pseudo positives (0.65%). 3. Our conclusion is that the inflammatory hyperplastic cytopoiesis may be a precarcinomatogenotropic factor. 4. No suspicious smear should be overlooked in the course of a general investigation, in order to work out a correct alteration. 5. The precarcinomatous cytopoietic alteration and an early diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma may be confirmed by a trace resulting from the examination of desquamatory cells. 6. An amply prepared prophylaxis and early treatment may be achieved by confirmation of the early diagnosis of the precarcinomatous stage and the early carcinomatous stage by subsequently broadening the general investigation in view of the fact that the morbidity from carcinoma in that district was 0.65% according to our general investigation in the test area. PMID- 7124387 TI - Electronystagmographic and audiologic findings in patients with Meniere's disease. AB - Electronystagmographic (ENG) and audiologic findings were reviewed for 206 patients treated for Meniere's disease (MD) at the University of Washington Hospital over a 10-year period (1971-80). The most frequently seen ENG findings were unilateral caloric weakness (UW) in 49%, directional preponderance (DP) in 36%, and spontaneous and/or positional nystagmus (SN, PN) in 32%. ENG was normal in 25%. Bilateral caloric weakness (BW) occurred in 36% of patients with bilateral hearing loss. UW was reliably correlated with the side of audiometric involvement; after exclusion of bilateral cases, only 3% of patients showed UW contralateral to the ear with hearing los. Neither DP nor direction of SN or PN correlated at all with side of hearing loss. There was no significant correlation of severity of hearing loss (by pure-tone thresholds or speech discrimination score) with ENG abnormality (UW or DP). Glycerol-positive patients had significantly poorer hearing than glycerol-negative patients, but ENG findings were similar in the two groups. PMID- 7124388 TI - Moving sound sources: techniques and applications. AB - A stimulating device for the application of moving acoustic signals of varying form and velocity is described. The apparatus functions on the principle of intensity stereophony and permits continuous smooth sound movements in a vast range of different forms and frequencies. Furthermore, simultaneous application of vestibular and optokinetic stimuli is possible. Cortically evoked potentials, voluntary and involuntary eye movements, and influences upon body sway from moving acoustic signals are offered as examples for applicability. PMID- 7124386 TI - Histological grading of malignancy in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue. AB - A system for histological grading of malignancy was applied to ninety-five squamous cell carcinomas from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue. Three parameters relating to the tumour cell population and three parameters relating to the tumour-host relationship were evaluated. The expected 5-year survival expressed as % survivors was 88% for patients with tumours having total malignancy scores of less than 13 points. 65% for 13-16 and 44% for patients with tumours having scores of more than 16. The prognostic significance for 5-year survival was statistically valid for the three different groups of malignancy scoring. The conventional classification according to mode of differentiation did not give equally good correlations for survival or occurrence of metastases. For the evaluation of the biological behaviour of lingual carcinomas, histological grading of malignancy is a better method. PMID- 7124390 TI - Human visuo-vestibular interaction as a basis for quantitative clinical diagnostics. AB - Visuo-vestibular interaction during randomized and sinusoidal head oscillations (0.5-5.0 Hz) was measured by power spectral analysis. It was shown that visual eye movement programmes can adjust the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain at frequencies exceeding the dynamic range of visual tracking: above 3 Hz, gains exceeded unity during attempted fixation of a target moving with the subject whereas unity gains prevailed during fixation of an earth-fixed target. At low frequencies, fixation suppression was more efficient (-10 dB) when sinusoidal stimuli rather than randomized oscillations (-3 dB) were employed. Identical results were obtained when the fixation target moved with a total visual surround or against an earth-fixed visual background. Therefore, peripheral vision is normally not important for visual suppression of the VOR, which is dominated by foveal visual tracking at low frequencies. PMID- 7124389 TI - Application of loop diuretics for treatment of sensorineural hearing impairment. Experimental and clinical study. AB - In a series of animal experiments on guinea pigs and rats, conducted in an attempt to find a better solution for the treatment of sensorineural hearing impairment and tinnitus-known as diseases almost impossible to heal-it was revealed electrophysiologically, biochemically and electronmicroscopically that loop diuretics, referred to as ototoxic drugs, cause an increased amount of the therapeutic preparation to transfer to the inner ear fluid. It is concluded, on the basis of the encouraging results of these experiments, that combined medication with metabolic activator, steroid hormone and loop diuretics is significantly more effective in improving the symptoms of patients with inner ear deafness and tinnitus. PMID- 7124391 TI - Mastoid pneumatization. A critical analysis of the hereditary theory. PMID- 7124392 TI - Distribution of sensory ganglion cells innervating facial muscles in the cat. An anatomical study with the horseradish peroxidase technique. AB - The question of a possible sensory component in branches of the facial nerve innervating facial mimetic muscles in the cat was examined by the technique of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). HRP was applied to the proximal cut end of facial nerve branches innervating different facial muscle groups. Following survival periods of 71-75 h the animals were fixed by perfusion. Certain craniospinal sensory ganglia and the brain stem were processed histochemically for demonstration of HRP. HRP-labelled cell bodies, structurally resembling sensory neurons, were consistently observed ipsilaterally in the geniculate and proximal vagal ganglia and under certain conditions in the trigeminal ganglion. Measurements of HRP-labelled neurons in the geniculate and proximal vagal ganglia showed a wide size range but a unimodal size distribution with peaks in the small size range. These findings support the view that facial nerve branches innervating the mimetic muscles contain different types of sensory fibers. PMID- 7124395 TI - The Lukes and Collins classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. I. A histological reappraisal of 301 cases. AB - Cytomorphological categories of the Lukes and Collins classification could be recognized in 92% out of a retrospective series of 301 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The follicular center cell (FCC) group constituted the majority (54%). Certain differences between the cytological subgroups were observed as regards age and sex and the growth pattern. Follicular features in the growth pattern were found in 16% of the cases. The large cleaved FCC type behaved differently from the other FCC types in many respects. The occurrence of cleaved FCC lymphomas appeared to be exceptional in childhood. There were no small lymphocytic and plasmacytoid lymphocytic lymphomas in children or young adults, and large non cleaved FCC lymphomas and immunoblastic sarcomas were rare in these. In the small non-cleaved FCC group both the Burkitt type and the non-Burkitt type exhibited a bimodal age distribution with a peak under 10 years of age and another at age 60 70 years. Five convoluted lymphocyte lymphomas, between 2 and 29 years of age, were found in this series. The heterogeneous group of unclassified lymphomas included as a special case one lymphoma with deeply multilobated nuclei. PMID- 7124394 TI - Osteosclerosis of the femoral head in long-term uraemic rabbits. AB - The morphology of the femoral head of rabbits was studied by histomorphometric analysis of undecalcified sections after four and eight months' duration of surgically induced chronic renal failure. A significant increase in trabecular bone mas and osteoid tissue was found in the uraemic rabbits. Signs of osteonecrosis or increase bone resorption were not seen. 99mTechnetium methylenediphosphonate osteoscintigrams showed increased uptake in the axial skeleton and all periarticular regions in uraemic rabbits. The serum concentrations of calcium and phosphate in the uraemic rabbits were increased. PMID- 7124393 TI - Diagnostic bone-marrow studies extended routinely by iliac crest biopsy, using the method of Schaadt-Fischer. AB - The value of routinely including biopsy of the iliac crest in the haematological diagnostic programme in medical departments of haematology is elucidated by analysis of 129 biopsies. At the same time, imprints of the biopsies and aspirate smears were compared as regards diagnostic efficacy, which proved 15% greater for imprints and biopsies. The frequency of an inadequate bone biopsy was 7.7%, often because the biopsies were less than 5 mm in length (16%). The individual categories, bone biopsy, imprint, and aspiration smears were of equal diagnostic efficacy in 76%. Guidance for the haematological diagnosis was obtained in 80% of the cases. The incidence of dry tap was 1.6% and the complication rate 1.6%. The optimal result, viz. sufficiently long biopsies (54% over 10 mm in length), is obtained by taking the biopsy with a conically tipped needle (the Jamshidi or Schaadt-Fischer needle) and by making imprints before embedding the biopsies in methacrylate JB IV. The preparation and safety measures in embedding in JB IV and subsequent special staining, including cytochemical studies, are described. By the technique used, it is possible, with some practice, to obtain adequate biopsies in 80-90% of all patients and to take a biopsy and perform aspiration in one session. The patient's position, lying on his side, seems to make him less apprehensive. PMID- 7124396 TI - The Lukes and Collins classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. 2. A survival study of 301 patients. AB - In a retrospective study of 301 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients the clinical and prognostic value of the classification of Lukes and Collins was studied. A slight majority of the cases were of the follicular center cell types. Stages III-IV were found in 46% of the entire group at the time of diagnosis. The lymphomas showing follicular center cell types were frequently localized (63%). About 65% of all cases survived one year and about 45% five years. The females showed a better survival. The nodal lymphoma cases had the poorest survival. Two prognostically different subgroups of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were discerned. The more favourable group consisted of the small cleaved FCC type (five-year relative survival 74%), the small lymphocytic type (62%) and the plasmacytoid lymphocytic type (51%). The small non-cleaved FCC type, the large non-cleaved FCC type and the immunoblastic sarcoma type formed the other group with a less favourable prognosis. Mortality due to these types manifested itself to a level of 65% in the first two years. PMID- 7124398 TI - Capillary neoformation in the heart of dipyridamole-treated rats. AB - Rats were given dipyridamole i.p. (3 mg/kg initial body weight) twice a day, 5 days/week for a period of 6 weeks. Morphometric analysis of the capillary network in the myocardium was performed by electron microscopy. The capillary/fibre ratio was increased by 24% when compared with sham-injected controls. The newly-formed capillaries were located in positions where they were in contact with only two muscle fibres. PMID- 7124397 TI - Severe functional and structural changes caused by lithium in the developing rat kidney. AB - Lithium (Li) was administered to rats during maternal pregnancy and/or 8 weeks post-natally, to study the effects on renal function and structure in the developing kidney. Plasma Li was 0.5-1.0 mmol/l 3 and 8 weeks post-natally. Functionally, post-natal Li leads to growth retardation, polyuria with lowering of renal concentration ability, and uremia associated with as much as 80% lowering of the normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Pre-natal Li alone did not affect the concentrating ability but caused a 20% increase in GFR when evaluated 8 weeks post-natally. Post-natal Li caused very severe structural changes, consisting of up to 3 mm cortical cysts (= dilated distal convoluted tubules), extensive interstitial fibrosis with cell infiltration, and atrophy of the cortical collecting ducts. Morphometric measurements showed a significant reduction in the volume of the proximal tubular cells. Pre-natal Li caused only slight structural changes, and animals treated both pre- and post-natally were less affected than animals treated post-natally only. The structural changes caused by post-natal Li were unrelated to changes in the concentrating ability but showed a significant correlation with the lowering of the GFR. It is concluded that the post-natally developing rat kidney is particularly sensitive to the nephrotoxic effects of Li, which in low concentrations causes impairment of renal function, leading to uremia. Pre-natal Li exposure by maternal lithium treatment had little effect on renal function and structure when evaluated post natally. PMID- 7124399 TI - The prophylactic effect of dipyridamole on the size of myocardial infarction following coronary artery occlusion. AB - Experimental myocardial infarction was induced in adult female Sprague-Dawley rats by ligation of the left coronary artery. During four weeks preceding the operation the animals were given dipyridamole (3 mg/kg initial body weight) i.p. twice a day 5 days per week. Control animals were given saline. Ten days after the operation the rats were killed and the hearts serially sectioned and stained. The volumes of necrotic and non-necrotic myocardial tissue were determined by morphometry on the histological sections. In the dipyridamole-treated animals the volume of non-necrotic myocardium was larger and the necrotic tissue volume smaller than in the control animals. PMID- 7124400 TI - Sertoli cell tumour combined with lack of epididymis in a bull. AB - A case of a Sertoli cell tumour in one testis of an 111/2-year-old bull of the Red Danish breed is described. Ipsilaterally segmental aplasia of the Wolffian duct practically with aplasia of the epididymis occurred. The bull had served normally in an AI society until at the age of 11 years he acquired impaired semen quality. The tumour showed both a diffuse and a whirly palisade-forming pattern, and did not metastasize. The possible connection of the two abnormalities is discussed with respect to a recently published case in a newborn bull calf. PMID- 7124402 TI - Enterotoxin production at 4 degrees, 22 degrees, and 37 degrees C and Y. enterocolitica-like bacteria. AB - Production of heat-stable enterotoxin after cultivation at 4 degrees C for four days was indicated for 27 of 171 Yersinia enterocolitica and Y. enterocolitica like bacteria, using the infant mouse assay. Of these 27 strains, 11 showed enterotoxin production at both 4 degrees and 22 degrees C, and the remaining 16 strains at 4 degrees, 22 degrees, and 37 degrees C. No strain was enterotoxigenic at 4 degrees C only. The relative prevalence of enterotoxin production at 4 degrees, 22 degrees, and 37 degrees C among Y. enterocolitica and Y. enterocolitica-like bacteria is presented. The results indicate that Y. kristensenii has a unique standing with respect to enterotoxigenicity at 4 degrees and at 37 degrees C. Y. kristensenii showed the highest prevalence of enterotoxin production at 4 degrees C (47%) and at 37 degrees C(49%). These properties were also recorded among environmental isolates of Y. enterocolitica sensu stricto, but the prevalences were low (4 and 1 %, respectively). The strains producing enterotoxin at 4 degrees C were different from those associated with yersiniosis and belonged to serogroups frequently isolated from small mammals, water, and soil (0:1, 6, 11, 12, 16, 28, and non-agglutinable). It is possible that such strains may contaminate foods and provoke food-borne intoxication involving pre-formed enterotoxins. PMID- 7124401 TI - The fetal arterial vasculature in placentas of insulin-dependent diabetic mothers. AB - Seventeen placentas from insulin-dependent diabetic women and ten placentas from non-diabetics were studied with angiography. The fresh placentas were injected in both umbilical arteries with barium sulphate suspension. After fixation in formaldehyde, the placentas were X-rayed, intact and after being sliced in 0.8 cm slices. There were two clearly distinguishable types of intracotyledonary arteries. Type A is long, narrow and usually runs in the periphery of the cotyledon; type B is wider and usually runs towards the centre of a cotyledon. The cotyledons were classified according to the distribution of these two types of arteries. Type I contained only A-arteries and Type II, both A- and B-arteries or only B-arteries. Twelve per cent of the cotyledons in the control group belonged to Type I, but in the diabetes group 29 per cent. One block of tissue from every placenta was examined histologically to check that the contrast medium filled the stem villus vessels but not the capillaries in the peripheral villi. The histological sections in both groups were compared. Endarteritis appeared to be a feature of the diabetes placenta. The angiographic findings were compared with results of previous direct light microscopical studies. A high percentage of hypovascular villi was found in placentas with a high number of Type I cotyledons. PMID- 7124404 TI - Properties of the serum factor involved in the precipitation reaction with Staphylococcus capitis. AB - The serum factor was precipitated by both Rivanol and ammonium sulphate, and it bound to both DEAE-cellulose and Blue-Sepharose CL-6B from which it subsequently could be eluted. Immunoelectrophoresis showed that the serum factor had alpha 1 mobility, and isoelectric focusing indicated an apparent isoelectric point of 5.2. Purification by ultracentrifugation, followed by agarose chromatography, showed that the serum factor is present in the high density lipoprotein fraction of serum. PMID- 7124403 TI - Serology of Campylobacter fetus ss. jejuni. 2 Serotyping of live bacteria by slide, latex and co-agglutination tests. AB - Antisera against 12 campylobacter strains (8 C. fetus ss. jejuni, 2 ss fetus and 2 ss. intestinalis) were obtained from rabbits immunized with formalin treated bacteria. Cross testing of live boiled and autoclaved organisms of these strains were performed with direct slide and tube agglutinations, and with agglutinations of latex particles and protein A-containing staphylococci coated with antibodies. Confirmed by absorption experiments both heat labile and heat stable antigens were demonstrated. The highest specificity for serological differentiation was obtained with slide and latex agglutination with live bacteria, which were subsequently used for differentiation of C. fetus ss. jejuni strains. For this purpose we applied 22 C. fetus ss. jejuni antisera absorbed with boiled homologous bacteria. Clearcut homologous reactions, with few and weak crossreactions, indicated the presence of a variety of heat labile antigens, which could form a basis for serotyping. Preliminary typing of 170 clinical isolates with slide agglutination using 17 unabsorbed C. fetus ss. jejuni antisera demonstrated the applicability of this approach for epidemiological studies. We found antigenically similar strains in family outbreaks, antigenic differences in strains of different origin, new combinations of cross reactions not seen in strains used in immunization, antigenically "new" strains not reacting with these antisera, and the dominance of a few antigenic types among the isolates. PMID- 7124406 TI - Precipitating antibodies against Staphylococcus aureus in experimental rabbit osteomyelitis, investigated by means of quantitative immunoelectrophoretic methods. AB - Eight rabbits were infected with Staphylococcus aureus by injection of 1 X 10(8) colony-forming units into the marrow cavity of the tibia. Titres of precipitating antibodies against S. aureus in serum were followed by means of crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Four rabbits infected with the protein A-containing, alpha toxin negative Cowan I strain developed no signs of infection and only a slight or no antibody response. All 4 rabbits infected with the protein A-free, alpha toxin-producing Wood 46 strain developed local signs of infection, and 3 of 4 developed roentgenologic signs of osteomyelitis. All 4 rabbits developed a very high level of precipitating antibodies, but after 2-3 months the level of antibodies decreased, although the infection continued. PMID- 7124405 TI - Precipitating antibodies against Staphylococcus aureus in serum from patients with staphylococcal osteomyelitis, investigated by means of quantitative immunoelectrophoretic methods. AB - By means of crossed immunoelectrophoresis, precipitating antibodies against 55 Staphylococcus aureus antigens were investigated in serum from 11 patients with acute osteomyelitis and 47 patients with chronic osteomyelitis. Patients with acute osteomyelitis had an increase antibody response, expressed as a precipitin score, compared to normal persons, while patients with chronic osteomyelitis had an almost normal response. The precipitin score in patients with acute osteomyelitis was significantly higher than in patients with chronic osteomyelitis (p less than 0.01). However, patients with chronic osteomyelitis increased their precipitin score during an active phase of the infection. PMID- 7124407 TI - Detection of Staphylococcus aureus antibodies in patients with S. aureus infections and in normal persons, using solid phase radioimmunoassay. AB - One hundred and thirteen patients with S. aureus infections, eight patients with non-S. aureus septicemia and 167 normal controls were investigated by solid-phase radioimmunoassay for staphylococcal antibodies. All serum samples tested had measurable antibodies, including the normal controls. The test could differentiate the patients group with S. aureus endocarditis from patients with other S. aureus septicemia, as well as from normal controls, as the endocarditis group had significantly higher antibody levels. Patients with non-bacteremic S. aureus infections, such as osteomyelitis and recurrent furunculosis, showed a wide range of antibody levels, 1/3 and 1/4 of the patients, respectively, showing high levels comparable to the endocarditis patients. Among normal controls, high antibody levels were found in 13 per cent. PMID- 7124409 TI - The effect of pH changes of water on the hepatic metabolism of xenobiotics in fish. AB - In order to determine the effect of pH changes of water on the metabolism of xenobiotics, fish were exposed for 8 hours to the acidic water (pH3). Two fish species were used, lavaret, (Coregonus lavaretus), and splake (Salvelinus fontinalis X Salvelinus namaycush). The metabolism of xenobiotics was monitored by analyzing aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, epoxide hydrase and ethoxycoumarin O deethylase activities as well as the activity of UDPglucuronosyltransferase using both p-nitrophenol and 4-methylumbelliferone as aglycones. A difference was found between species in measured basal activities. The aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity, epoxide hydrase activity and ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activity were higher in the splake than in the lavaret. No clearcut differences were detected in UDPglucuronosyltransferase activities. When fish were exposed to water at pH 3, the aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity and epoxide hydrase activity in the splake were lower than in the control fish. The ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activity was higher in the lavarets at pH 3 than in the controls. The UDPglucuronosyltransferase activity was higher in both splakes and lavarets exposed to pH 3 when analyzed after trypsin digestion of microsomes and with 4 methylumbelliferone as an aglycone. PMID- 7124408 TI - The effect of cadmium and manganese on the distribution of iron-59 in partially hepatectomized rats. AB - The distribution of iron-59 in blood at various time intervals was studied in sham and partially-hepatectomized rats after a single intravenous injection of 59Fe (III) citrate. A significant difference was observed in the rate of disappearance and reappearance of iron-59 in circulation. Administration of cadmium and manganese at a concentration of 0.5 and 2 mg/kg b.wt., respectively, did not cause any significant change in this pattern. A significant decrease in iron-59 incorporation in the liver of hepatectomized rat was produced by cadmium while manganese had no effect. PMID- 7124410 TI - Air pollutant sulfur dioxide-induced alterations on the levels of lipids, lipid peroxidation and lipase activity in various regions of the rat brain. AB - The exposure of rats to SO2 (10 p.p.m.) for one hour daily for 30 days caused depletion of total lipids in all brain areas. The contents of phospholipid were elevated in cerebellum and brain stem, but were depleted in cerebral hemisphere. Cholesterol levels showed an increase in various brain regions. On the other hand, gangliosides were increased in cerebellum and brain stem, but were decreased in cerebral hemisphere. Interestingly, cholesterol/phospholipid ratio was increased in different regions of the brain. Lipase activity was elevated in cerebral hemisphere. Lipid peroxidation showed marked increment in whole brain and in all the brain areas studied. The results suggest that SO2-exposure induces degradation of lipids. Interestingly, the lipid contents are affected differentially in the various parts of the brain. PMID- 7124414 TI - Some aspects of the functional anatomy of the extrapyramidal system. PMID- 7124412 TI - Subacute toxicity of vinyltoluene vapour: effects on the hepatic and renal drug biotransformation and the urinary excretion of thioether. AB - Male rats were exposed by inhalation to vinyltoluene at concentrations of 50, 100, or 300 p.p.m. for 8, 12 or 15 weeks. Vinyltoluene was found to be metabolized to glutathione conjugates via the formation of electrophilic intermediates. This metabolic pathway was suggested by the decreased hepatic non protein sulfhydryl content, with a concomitant increase in the urinary excretion of thioethers. The excretion of thioethers showed no saturation phenomena, suggesting that the formation of electrophilic intermediates capable of conjugating with glutathione is fairly linear, at least with exposure to vinyltoluene vapour up to 300 p.p.m. The slight increase in the activities of hepatic drug biotransformation enzymes (7-ethoxycoumarin 0-deethylase. UDPglucuronosyltransferase) observed after 8 weeks of exposure to vinyltoluene vapour disappeared by week 15 irrespective of the continued intermittent inhalation of vinyltoluene. Histological study revealed that cell size had decreased in the rats exposed to vinyltoluene. PMID- 7124411 TI - Disposition kinetics and urinary excretion of sulphadimidine in normal and alloxan diabetic dogs. AB - Disposition kinetics and urinary excretion of sulphadimidine were investigated in 16 dogs following a single intravenous injection (100 mg/kg body weight). Biochemical parameters including blood pH, blood glucose, plasma triglycerides and total plasma proteins of these animals were determined. The animals were injected alloxan (125 mg/kg) intravenously and when blood glucose level exceeded 300 mg%, the biochemical parameters, disposition kinetics and urinary excretion of sulphadimidine were determined again. After alloxan treatment of the dogs, there was a highly significant (P less than 0.01) decrease in blood pH, increase in blood glucose and plasma triglycerides levels when compared with the pretreatment values. The alloxan diabetic dogs showed a highly significant (P less than 0.01) reduction in elimination half-life (t1/2 beta) and apparent volume of distribution (Vd(area)) and increase in overall elimination rate constant (kel), total body clearance (ClB) and percentage of sulphadimidine dose excreted in urine. In normal dogs, one-half of the intravenous dose and after alloxan treatment two-third of the dose was eliminated through urinary excretion during 48 hours after injection. This study shows that the metabolic alterations of alloxan induced diabetes in dogs, influence the drug disposition and urinary excretion which indicate the need for the adjustment of dosage regimen in such metabolic disorders. PMID- 7124415 TI - gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and dopamine (DA) interactions in the hypothalamo pituitary system; physiological and functional role in prolactin secretion. PMID- 7124416 TI - Effect of GABA-mimetic drugs on acetylcholine release in vitro. PMID- 7124413 TI - Mutagenicity and nephrotoxicity of two tris (2,3-dibromopropyl)-phosphate analogues: bis (2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate and 2,3-dibromopropylphosphate. PMID- 7124417 TI - Brain noradrenergic neurons, their interactions and role in the action of antidepressive drugs. PMID- 7124418 TI - Pharmacological aspects of memory neurochemical regulation. PMID- 7124419 TI - Interaction of estrogens and the dopaminergic system. PMID- 7124420 TI - The influence of GABA and glycine on different links of the sympathetic nervous system. PMID- 7124421 TI - Sleep disorders: research in psychopathology and its practical implications. AB - This is a summary of research studies indicating a primary role of psychotherapy in the etiology of certain sleep disorders. Thus, chronic insomnia is associated with high levels of psychopathology and a personality profile characterized by internalization of emotions. Also, a greater number of stressful life events occurs at the year of onset of insomnia. Two additional sleep disorders (sleep walking and night terrors in adults) are similarly associated with high levels of psychopathology. Although these two disorders share many common clinical and psychopathological characteristics, their psychological profiles and psychopathological correlates differ considerably. Sleepwalkers show a high incidence of personality disorders with generally active, outward behavioral patterns, whereas night terror sufferers are mostly anxious, depressed and phobic with an inhibition of outward expression of aggression. Based on these research findings a series of therapeutic recommendations is presented for the effective management of patients with insomnia, sleepwalking or night terrors. PMID- 7124422 TI - The mental health of early mother separated women. AB - A community based research project was undertaken to discover whether early mother separation was related to adult mental disorder. A population sample of 73 women aged 40-49, who experienced continuous mother absences in excess of 1 year due either to family difficulties (n = 42) or external factors (n = 31), were interviewed about early life experiences and mental health. Controls (n = 69) matched for parental social class and age at father death were similarly interviewed. Three self-administered tests, the Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire, a modified Zung Depression Scale and the Navran Dependency Scale of the MMPI were also completed. It was shown that separation alone was unrelated to adult psychopathology or mental disorder. Poor preseparation maternal relationships, both alone and in combination with two or more changes of care plus unsatisfactory replacement care, contributed to an increase in psychiatric morbidity and psychopathology. PMID- 7124424 TI - Time passes slowly for patients with depressive state. AB - Twenty-three depressive inpatients and the same number of matched non-psychiatric controls were examined on three occasions - following admission, 14 days after, and 28 days after the admission - by administering a self-rating questionnaire of time awareness and Hamilton's Rating Scale for Depression (HRS). The patients were found to feel time passing slowly. This was correlated with the severity of depression expressed as the total HRS score. No significant differences emerged between diagnostic groups, namely endogenous depression, neurotic depression, and schizophrenia or paranoid state with depressive symptoms. Correlations of the time awareness with symptoms listed in the HRS also denied a specific relationship of time awareness to specific diagnoses. The subjective feeling of slow time flow reflects, therefore, the depth of depressive state in general, which is nevertheless not specific to any diagnostic subcategory. PMID- 7124425 TI - Psychological epidemic in Hong Kong. I. Epidemiological study. AB - A total of 413 school students were taken ill with symptoms from an alleged poisonous gas affecting two different geographic locations at the same time and without influencing the residents in the neighbourhood. Symptoms were mainly subjective and almost all were discharged from hospital the same day. Vigorous endeavours by authorities had failed to discover the offending agent. By the use of epidemiological methods, the present study attempted to investigate the nature of and the significant contributing factors related to the episode. The psychological nature was confirmed both by demonstration of positive characteristics as well as by the exclusion of organicity. There was no direct evidence that teachers, headmasters, parents or the mass media had significant influence on the aetiology of the epidemic, albeit their influence could still be an indirect one. Regarding symptom formation, there was evidence that peer influences were more important than an individual's own previous experiences. PMID- 7124423 TI - Computed tomography of the brain in patients with acute psychosis and in healthy volunteers. AB - Evidence has been obtained by computed tomography (CT) that some chronic schizophrenic patients have enlarged cerebral ventricles and other brain abnormalities when compared to other patient groups and to healthy controls (Johnstone et al. (1976), Weinberger et al. (1979)). In order to investigate whether structural brain abnormalities can be demonstrated also in younger patients with acute psychosis we have undertaken a CT study in 46 patients and 46 healthy volunteers. Twenty-eight of the patients fulfilled the Research Diagnostic Criteria for schizophrenia. Nineteen had not been hospitalized for psychiatric reasons before. The lateral and third ventricles were significantly wider in the patients than in the volunteers. In the volunteers there was a significant positive correlation between age and size of the lateral ventricles, whereas in the patients, particularly those fulfilling the criteria for schizophrenia, no such correlation was obtained. These results indicate that schizophrenia may be associated with patho-physiological processes which interfere with the normal age-related enlargement of the ventricles. Signs of cortical atrophy, CSF circulation disturbances and reversed asymmetry of the occipital lobes were more frequent in the patient group then among the controls. These results are in accordance with previously published findings and indicate that structural brain abnormalities can be found in relatively young patients with acute psychosis. PMID- 7124426 TI - Psychological epidemic in Hong Kong. II. Psychological and physiological characteristics of children who were affected. AB - A double blind retrospective study was carried out on a sample of children who were affected in a mysterious gas poisoning epidemic together with controls drawn from the same school. The dependent measures employed were the Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (JEPQ), a Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale (HSC), Heart Rate (HR) and Skin Potential Response (SPR). A vigilance task was administered during assessment of the latter two variables. The affected children had significantly higher HR together with a marginal increase in SPR. It is proposed that constitutional factors play an important role in determining whether an individual is affected in such an epidemic. PMID- 7124427 TI - Emotional experience of music by psychiatric patients compared with normal subjects. AB - Psychiatric patients (n = 107) and normal subjects (n = 100) were exposed to seven newly composed pieces of music orchestrated for a small symphony orchestra. The patients were divided into seven subgroups: schizophrenic, depressive and manic psychosis; obsessive, depressive, anxiety and hysterical neurosis. All subjects rated the music on semantic differential scales describing three factors of emotional experience: tension-relaxation, gaiety-gloom and attraction repulsion. The ratings by patients in the different groups were compared with those by the normal subjects. Expressiveness in music was found to be communicated to patients in the same relative way as to normals. However, in the various diagnostic groups, several marked differences in experience were demonstrated. The main findings were that schizophrenic psychotics experienced the music as more attractive, while depressive and anxiety neurotics experienced it as less attractive, than normals. Depressive and manic psychotics experienced the music as less gay. Obsessive neurotics seem to be more sensitive to tension than normals. PMID- 7124428 TI - An inpatient treatment program for anorexia nervosa patients. AB - Inpatient treatment for anorexia nervosa can be necessary for medical, psychosocial or psychotherapeutic reasons. In general, these patients are characterized by "negative" selection characteristics (illness duration, failures of previous treatments, unfavourable natural milieu, poor motivation, etc). An inpatient treatment program, in which 145 female patients have been admitted, is described. It consists of two phases: a first "symptom directed" phase aiming at weight restoration and normalization of eating, based mostly on behavior therapy principles; in a second "problem oriented" phase, patients are oriented either towards outpatient treatment (family therapy, individual psychotherapy), or, in the majority of the described cases, to an inpatient psychotherapeutic community program. The difficulties of this approach and some outcome results at long-term follow-up are discussed. PMID- 7124429 TI - Dexamethasone suppression of 11-deoxycorticosterone, corticosterone and cortisol in depressed female patients and normal controls. AB - The dexamethasone suppression test based upon analysis of 11-deoxycorticosterone, corticosterone and cortisol was applied to 20 female depressed patients (10 endogenous, 10 neurotic) and 10 healthy controls. Calculating ratios of corticosterone to its biological precursor 11-deoxycorticosterone allows to assess the activity of adrenal 11 beta-hydroxylase. This enzyme activity depends on the mean secretion rate of ACTH. The preliminary data indicate that the sensitivity of the test may be increased when based on this enzyme activity rather than upon plasma cortisol concentrations. The decrease of 11 deoxycorticosterone, a potent mineralocorticoid in relation to corticosterone may contribute to the reduced urine concentrating capacity in patients with endogenous depression. PMID- 7124430 TI - The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale in normals and depressives. AB - The Hamilton Rating Scale for depression (HDRS) has become the standard observer rating scale for depression, yet there are no adequate data from normal samples. The present study was carried out in northern Italy. The purposes were 1) to examine the ratings in normals and 2) to examine the scale's validity in the different language and culture. The scale was used in 40 normals and 40 depressives who were matched. Two self-rating scales of depression were administered: the Symptom Rating Test and the Symptom Questionnaire. The results show that the HDRS is a valid measure in that it sensitively discriminates between depressed patients and normals. The findings support Hamilton's view that only the first 17 items of the scale are appropriate for computing the score. The use of self-rating scales yielded additional information. The misclassification rate of the Symptom Rating Test was similar to that of the HDRS. The combined use of Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) and HDRS appears to be more reliable for the selection of depressed patients for research than the RDC only. PMID- 7124431 TI - Influence of drug treatment on the irritable bowel syndrome and its interaction with psychoneurotic morbidity. AB - Sixty per cent of the patients referred to two gastroenterological clinics and diagnosed as suffering from the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), were found to have significant psychoneurotic morbidity on the basis of the General Health Questionnaire. A double-blind, completely randomised, placebo controlled comparison of treatment with a combined anxiolytic/antidepressant (Motipress) found a significantly better effect of Motipress than placebo on diarrhoea and abdominal pain. Detailed analysis of the results suggests that there is no direct relationship between psychoneurotic illness and IBS, but the presence of the former has an adverse effect on the short-term outcome of the bowel disorder. PMID- 7124432 TI - Task combination and selective intake of information. PMID- 7124433 TI - The demise of short-term memory. PMID- 7124434 TI - Vasodilator response in the lower extremity induced by contrast medium. II. Humans. AB - A new functional test is presented whereby the severity of peripheral obstructive disease can be evaluated during routine angiography utilizing the vasodilator effect of standard contrast medium. The hyperemic response following a sequence of 1 or 2 ml contrast injections into the iliac or femoral arteries is recorded by video dilution technique. The method allows quantitative measure of the functional state of the lower extremity. The vasodilator response in 10 normal human subjects and 23 patients with arterial obstructive disease in compared. Increasing depression of peak flow correlates with increasing symptomatology and a delay in the time to peak flow is seen with small vessel (outflow) disease. The functional severity of outflow disease (trifurcation and superficial femoral artery) as compared with inflow obstruction (iliac arteries) seen at angiography is documented by the test. A new staging of peripheral obstructive disease is proposed based on the results. PMID- 7124437 TI - Pre- and postoperative abdominal examinations in testicular carcinoma. AB - The histopathologic findings at retroperitoneal lymph node excision in 29 patients with a non-seminomatous germ cell tumour were compared with the findings at preoperative computed tomography, ultrasound and lymphography. The possibilities of detecting retroperitoneal metastases are somewhat greater with computed tomography than with lymphography. In the present material ultrasound was less reliable than computed tomography for demonstrating small metastases. At postoperative follow-up, in more than half of the patients computed tomography could not discriminate benign postoperative abnormalities from recurrent tumours. Ultrasound seemed to be a more reliable method for postoperative evaluation of the retroperitoneal space. PMID- 7124436 TI - Thermography and phlebography in the detection of incompetent perforating veins. AB - In 22 patients with deep venous insufficiency thermography performed at rest and immediately after exercise was compared with conventional ascending phlebography. Thermography was found to have a high sensitivity in detecting incompetent perforating veins, while the specificity was low. The non-invasive thermography is an attractive technique for preoperative detection of perforating veins. PMID- 7124438 TI - Simple renal cysts treated with bismuth phosphate at the diagnostic puncture. AB - In a series of 73 simple cysts bismuth phosphate was used for treatment in connection with the diagnostic puncture. This compound has proved to be very effective. All cysts diminished, most of them considerably. No major complications occurred and no recurrences have appeared. Indications for treatment are discussed. PMID- 7124435 TI - Intravenous arteriography in the preoperative evaluation of advanced atherosclerosis. AB - Intravenous arteriography may be used as an alternative to translumbar or transaxillary angiography in cases with occlusion or severe stenosis of the aorta or iliac arteries, to determine the extension of the disease. During a 10-year period the method was used in 117 patients. For the examination, 80 to 100 ml of contrast medium was injected into the right atrium and after a delay of 10 to 20 seconds the lumbar aorta, iliac and femoral arteries were demonstrated. The quality of the examination was excellent or good in 92 per cent. No complications occurred. In 19 patients a continuous pressure recording was made in the main pulmonary artery. The pulmonary artery pressure increased to a significantly higher degree after contrast medium injection than after injection of the same amount of isotone saline. In all patients the pressure returned to normal within 4 minutes. PMID- 7124440 TI - Diagnosis of bronchial lesions by fiberoptic bronchoscopy combined with bronchography. AB - The combination of bronchoscopy and bronchography into a single procedure has facilitated the diagnosis of a wide variety of diseases. The technique is easily learned, morbidity is negligible, patient discomfort is minimal, and the number of examinations to which the patient is subjected is reduced. The technique is well suited for selective bronchography. PMID- 7124439 TI - Computed tomography of the azygo-oesophageal recess. Normal appearances. AB - Computed tomography of the azygo--oesophageal recess was performed in 85 normal subjects. The recess was convex towards the left or had an approximately straight left wall. Convexity towards the right did not occur. Localized bulges caused by the azygos vein, oesophagus and aorta were frequent. The recess became gradually deeper caudally in patients below 50 years of age. Above that age a marked posterior extension of the heart and a prevertebral position of the aorta often caused a localized shallowing at the level of the inferior pulmonary veins or the ventricles. PMID- 7124441 TI - Absorption of intraperitoneally injected amipaque in the rabbit. AB - The appearances of intraperitoneally injected Amipaque and the absorption rate are described. At 30 min after injection the peritoneal concentration was decreased and the urinary tract began to fill. At one hour, almost all Amipaque had disappeared from the peritoneal cavity and the urinary tract was well demonstrated. As absorption of Amipaque from the gastrointestinal tract is minimal, bowel perforation is thus indicated if, after oral administration, it appears in either the peritoneal cavity or the urinary tract. PMID- 7124442 TI - Binding of a metrizamide to human serum proteins. AB - In connection with the introduction of the non-ionic radiographic contrast medium metrizamide (Amipaque) Salvesen & Frey reported that no significant albumin binding of metrizamide could be revealed by the use of equilibrium dialysis. The protein binding of metrizamide has now been investigated using whole human serum with the aid of an aqueous two-phase system and gel electrophoresis. No binding to serum proteins, at least not to others than albumin could be demonstrated. The possible existence of a minor (less than 1%) protein binding is discussed. PMID- 7124443 TI - Absorbed doses at CT of the kidneys and at urography. AB - Radiation doses to the skin, ovaries and testes were measured at urography and CT examinations of the kidneys and adrenals. The absorbed dose to the breasts and bone marrow at CT was estimated as well as the mean bone marrow dose at urography. The results were compared with previous measurements of absorbed doses and energy imparted at abdominal angiography including nephroangiography. CT of the kidneys involves a considerably lower risk for late biologic effects to the patient than urography and, in particular, angiography. PMID- 7124444 TI - Dose reduction in radiography of the spine in scoliosis. AB - Measurements of skin doses during radiography in scoliosis have been performed with a.p. and p.a. direction of the beam. In order to keep the doses to the patients low, high kV, a film-focus distance of at least 3 m, a fast screen-film combination, lead shielding, a collimator with rotating compensating filter, and a grid of the moving anti-scatter type are recommended. By using the p.a. direction the dose to the breast is reduced by a factor in the range of 88 to 97 per cent. Further dose reduction might be achieved by removal of the anti-scatter grid and use of the air gap technique. Relinquishment of the radiographic principle of bringing the object to be examined as near the film as possible did not reduce the diagnostic information. PMID- 7124445 TI - Traumatic olecranon bursitis. Radiologic observations. AB - The affected elbow of 28 patients with traumatic olecranon bursitis was radiographically compared with the homologous elbow of 28 matched controls. Olecranon spurs, amorphous calcium deposits, or both, were present in 16 patients and 4 controls (p less than 0.01). Air was injected in the bursa in 12 additional patients. Nodules in the bursal floor were noted in 10, and the bursa was partially septated in 8. Olecranon spurs, present in 6 patients, corresponded to the insertion of the triceps tendon. With elbow flexion the bursa flattened and lengthened while the olecranon process glided distally beneath the bursal floor. PMID- 7124446 TI - Radiologic evaluation of the position of the acetabular component of the total hip prosthesis. AB - A radiologic method for evaluation of the position of the acetabular part of the total hip prosthesis is described. After analysis of the reproducibility it was used to evaluate the position of the acetabular socket in patients operated upon with different types of prostheses. PMID- 7124447 TI - Contrast levelled copies of radiographic films for printing. PMID- 7124448 TI - [New perspectives in the logic diagnosis of the spine and spinal cord]. PMID- 7124450 TI - [Posterior lumbar inter-body fusion - radiologic diagnosis before and after surgery]. PMID- 7124449 TI - [Results in epileptics after temporal lobectomy]. PMID- 7124451 TI - A follow-up study of the high T wave amplitude in the electrocardiogram. PMID- 7124452 TI - Functional heart capacity in hypertensive subjects. PMID- 7124453 TI - [Effect of physical therapy in the treatment of congenital pes equinovarus as related to the onset of therapy]. PMID- 7124454 TI - [Toxic contracture of the isolated heart]. PMID- 7124455 TI - Acidosis, gaps and poisonings. PMID- 7124456 TI - Studies on ethylene glycol poisoning. AB - Toxicokinetic studies during hemodialysis are presented in two patients with blood ethylene glycol concentrations of 40 and 41 mmol/l, respectively. Treatment involved bicarbonate, ethanol and hemodialysis with a 1.6 m2 dialysator. Both patients developed acute renal failure and one was discharged with permanent cerebral impairment. The other made an uneventful recovery. The average dialysator clearance of ethylene glycol at a blood flow of 200 ml/min was 145 and 148 ml/min, respectively. Assuming a volume of distribution of ethylene glycol of 0.7 l/kg, the dialysator represented about 92 and 95%, respectively, of the total body clearance of ethylene glycol during ethanol treatment. During hemodialysis a blood ethanol concentration of about 15 mmol/l (0.7 g/l) caused a near complete inhibition of ethylene glycol metabolism at ethylene glycol concentrations up to about 25 mmol/l (1.6 g/l). We recommend prompt hemodialysis in ethylene glycol poisoning to supplement alkali and ethanol treatment. PMID- 7124457 TI - Anion and osmolal gaps in the diagnosis of methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning. AB - The diagnostic value of determination of the anion and osmolal gaps was studied in 6 patients poisoned with methanol and in 5 poisoned with ethylene glycol. Increased osmolal gap was present on admission in all patients, whereas increased anion gap was present in all except one. In the methanol-poisoned patients the mean blood values were: pH 7.27, anion gap 24 mmol/l, osmolal gap 81 mosmol/kg H2O, methanol 67 mmol/l, ethanol 11 mmol/l and in the ethylene glycol-poisoned patients: pH 6.93, anion gap 38 mmol/l, osmolal gap 35 mosmol/kg H2O and ethylene glycol 24 mmol/l. In the absence of alcoholic acidosis or diabetic coma the finding of a simultaneous increase in both the anion and osmolal gaps indicates methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning. Thus determinations of the anion and osmolal gaps are mandatory whenever facing metabolic acidosis of unknown etiology. PMID- 7124458 TI - A hypokalemic index ECG as a predictor of hypokalemia. AB - ECGs of 36 hypokalemic patients (K/s 1.0-3.5 mM/l) were analysed. The sum of the S-T depression and the U wave amplitude in leads II and V3 was used and constituted the uncorrected hypokalemic index. To correct the hypokalemic index, the figure obtained during normokalemia is subtracted from that obtained during hypokalemia. The corrected hypokalemic index gives an approximation of the K/s irrespective of other factors permanently influencing the ECG, such as treatment with antiarrhythmic drugs, coronary insufficiency, and ventricular hypertrophy. The corrected index was greater than 4.0 at a K/s of less than 2.0 mM/l. Eight out of nine patients with a K/s 2.1-2.6 had an index of 1.5-3.5. All patients with a K/s greater than 2.6 mM/l had an index less than 1.5. PMID- 7124459 TI - Platelet factor 4 plasma levels at rest and after exercise in patients with recent myocardial infarction. AB - Plasma levels of platelet factor 4 (PF 4) were determined in 30 patients with recent acute myocardial infarction. Comparisons were made with the levels in 26 age-matched controls. In another 15 patients, also with recent myocardial infarction, PF 4 plasma levels were determined before and immediately after a standardized exercise stress test. At rest, none of the patients had elevated PF 4 levels. Only one patient demonstrated an increase after exercise. These findings are in conflict with some recent reports. The importance of age-matched controls, the hazard of in vitro platelet activation and the possible effect of beta-blocking and calcium-antagonistic drugs on PF 4 plasma levels is discussed below. PMID- 7124460 TI - Early exercise test vs. clinical parameters in the long-term prognostic management after myocardial infarction. AB - An early exercise test was performed in 317 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The long-term prognosis was assessed after an average follow-up of 5.7 years. The patients with a small increase in the pressure rate product from rest to maximal exercise and/or wih major ventricular arrhythmias constituted a general prognostic high-risk group. The survival was analyzed further applying the above mentioned exercise parameters in the following clinical subgroups: I) patients with clinical heart failure during hospitalization and/or previous myocardial infarction, II) patients with anterior AMI, III) patients with inferior or indefinite AMI. Within each clinical group there was a highly significant difference in survival between the exercise determined high-risk and low-risk patients. The exercise parameters were more sensitive and more specific prognostic determinators than the clinical variables. The most striking difference was found in patients with clinical heart failure and/or previous infarction. In this group the exercise-determined high-risk patients had a probability of 5-year survival of 0.238 vs. 0.909 in the corresponding low-risk patients (p less than 0.0005). PMID- 7124461 TI - Studies on methanol poisoning. AB - Eleven patients concomitantly poisoned with methanol are described. Their whole blood methanol concentration ranged from 137.2 mmol/l (4.39 g/l) to 7.4 mmol/l (0.24 g/l). The clinical course in most patients was mild, which was attributed to the concomitant and subsequent ethanol ingestion and rapid transport to dialysing units. One patient suffered permanent visual impairment of one eye while the others recovered completely. Symptoms of poisoning were most clearly correlated to the degree of metabolic acidosis. All patients were hemodialysed. In two patients the average dialysator clearance of methanol was 157 and 176 ml/min at blood flows of 200 and 215 ml/min, respectively. In the same patients the average dialysator clearance of ethanol was 149 and 164 ml/min. Assuming a volume of distribution of methanol of 0.7 l/kg, the dialysator represented about 89 and 95%, respectively, of the total body clearance of methanol during ethanol therapy. Ethanol in concentrations even lower than usually recommended may be useful as the only treatment of patients with blood methanol concentrations up to 15 mmol/l (0.5 g/l), provided there is no acidosis or visual impairment. PMID- 7124462 TI - Prediction of left main coronary artery stenosis by exercise electrocardiography. AB - The possibilities of predicting left main coronary artery stenosis (LMCAS) by the T wave pattern in exercise ECG were studied in a consecutive series of patients with stable angina pectoris and were compared to the predictive ability of ST criteria. After exclusion of patients with interfering diagnoses and digitalis treatment, 146 patients remained; 16 of them had LMCAS. Appearance or increase of a biphasic or negative T wave in leads V2-6 2 min after exercise detected 63% of the LMCAS, and the predictive value of a positive test was 36%. The sensitivity of the ST criteria was only 38% and the predictive value 26%. The observer concordance was 98% for the T wave and 84% for the ST criteria. These T wave criteria are at least as sensitive and predictive as the ST criteria and easier to apply. PMID- 7124463 TI - Hemodynamic and angiocardiographic observations in familial amyloidosis with polyneuropahy. AB - Eleven patients with familial amyloidosis with polyneuropathy were studied by heart catheterization; eight of them also by right and left ventriculography and selective coronary angiography. Signs of congestive heart failure, often reported as typical of cardiac amyloidosis, were found in only one patient. The systolic function was relatively unimpaired, but in several patients hemodynamic data suggested restrictive cardiomyopathy. Six patients showed signs of right or left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Thus, no uniform hemodynamic pattern could be identified, but the changes found indicate impaired diastolic function. PMID- 7124464 TI - Magnesium deficiency contributing to ventricular tachycardia. Two case reports. AB - Two cases of ventricular tachycardia (VT), possibly caused by magnesium deficiency, are presented. Skeletal muscle biopsies and blood samples were taken before and after magnesium infusions. These infusions resulted in a significant retention of magnesium, and the VT attacks vanished permanently in one case and temporarily in the other. PMID- 7124465 TI - False tendons in the left ventricle: 2-dimensional and M-mode echocardiographic findings. AB - The M-mode and 2-dimensional echocardiographic findings in an 18-year-old man are described. The findings are compatible with the diagnosis of false tendons in the left ventricle. PMID- 7124467 TI - Experimental subarachnoid haemorrhage. Part II: extravasation volume and dynamics of subarachnoid arterial bleeding in cats. AB - The volume and dynamics of arterial subarachnoid bleeding in a cat were studied. Using an arterial shunt, blood was directed into the chiasmatic cistern. The blood flow and pressure in the shunt, as well as intracranial pressure, were registered. It was found that the bleeding is a biphasic event, lasting about 118 seconds. During the initial high flow phase, lasting 1/3 of the time of the bleeding, 2/3 of the extravasated blood fills the subarachnoid space. The resulting rise of intracranial pressure reduces the flow markedly. The average volume of extravasated blood was found to be 2.4 ml. The haemorrhage was arrested 25-60 seconds after the maximum ICP elevation was reached. PMID- 7124466 TI - Smoking and the risk of a stroke. PMID- 7124469 TI - Sphenoid ridge haemangioma operated on after feeding artery embolization. Case report. PMID- 7124468 TI - Homologous controlled-viscosity fibrin for endovascular embolization. Part II: catheterization technique, animal experiments. AB - Part I of the present paper described the development of a substance for endovascular embolization from homologous fibrinogen, aprotinin, thrombin, metrizamide and CaCl2. Part II deals with the applicability of a controlled viscosity fibrin mixture via different types of arterial catheters. In a flow dynamic model the embolizing medium injected via a double syringe was shown to block a blood flow corresponding approximately to the flow encountered in cerebral angioma vessels. In the course of animal experiments the embolization of mesenteric arteries of rabbits showed the distribution of the embolizing medium to be dependent on its viscosity; the action of an embolizing medium applied by means of a double syringe was studied in the femoral arteries of rabbits. Scintigraphy was used to study the distribution of the substance in the body of the experimental animal after intravenous (i.v.) application; long-term studies of embolized auricular arteries in rabbits revealed parchment-like necroses after 5 to 10 days and the presence of radiopaque substances in the ear stumps after 6 weeks. PMID- 7124470 TI - Benign and malignant cranio-spinal giant cell tumours. Report of four cases. PMID- 7124471 TI - Association between accessory middle artery and cerebral aneurysm. Report of two cases. PMID- 7124472 TI - Image processing and quantitative assessment in computer tomography for non surgical treatment of brain tumours. AB - Using the EMI computer tomographic (CT) system, EMI-1010, a series of new programmes were developed for the digital analysis of the CT images in order to make a more objective and quantitative assessment possible of two non-surgical methods of treatment of brain tumours such as irradiation and chemotherapy. Amongst the various therapeutic effects demonstrable from the Ct data, a reduction of the mass effect was found to lower the average CT number, with a dilatation of the cisterns and ventricles. In contrast, an improvement in the amount of perifocal oedema increased the average CT number of the region, however the changes in CT number of the tumour itself may be variable. The separate evaluation of these factors, therefore, gives more information about the results of the treatment than a simple analysis of the histogram of the region. Circumscribed tumours are fairly well evaluated with our programme for the statistical analysis of the volume and the CT weight of tumours and the degree of contrast enhancement using histograms and subtraction scans. For the digital analysis of the ventricular system, the subarachnoid space, perifocal oedema, and irregularly shaped infiltrating tumours, our programmes for the character-image print-out and edge correction for the partial-volume effect of skull and air are much more useful than the CRT display for data extraction and geographic-pattern recognition. PMID- 7124473 TI - The conductance to outflow of CSF in adults with high-pressure hydrocephalus. AB - The intraventricular pressure was compared with conductance to outflow of CSF (Cout) in 12 patients with high-pressure hydrocephalus of less than 3 months duration. Cout was measured by a lumbo-ventricular or a ventriculo-ventricular perfusion test. In all patients Cout was very low (median 0.016 ml mm Hg-1 minute 1). Thus high-pressure hydrocephalus may be considered to be the consequence of a greatly increased resistance to resorption of CSF. The level of the measured ICP (mean: ICP 23.5 mm Hg) corresponded to the theoretical level calculated from the measured Cout. B-waves were observed during most of the recording periods and episodes of plateau waves were seen in all patients but one. In this particular group of patients, the unsatisfactory results of ventriculo-atrial shunting emphasize the high risks associated conditions leading to high-pressure hydrocephalus. PMID- 7124474 TI - Ulnar nerve pathology at the elbow: the place of anterior transposition today. AB - A retrospective study is presented of 39 patients with ulnar nerve pathology at the elbow. All patients were treated by anterior transposition. Improvement to at least good functional recovery occurred in 46% of the patients. In the other 54% there was only slight or no improvement, or even deterioration. A further analysis of the results showed that in patients with objective signs of ulnar pathology, but without muscular atrophy, the results were good: 64% of these patients showed a good operative result. The most important factors in postoperative prognosis in the patients studied are the existence of muscular atrophy, age, and, in the moderately severe group, the length of history before operation. The aetiology was not important with respect to the outcome. On the basis of the recent literature and the results of this study suggestions are presented for a rational choice between the different possibilities of treatment for ulnar nerve pathology at the elbow. PMID- 7124476 TI - Transfrontal pituitary surgery: clinical results, intraoperative management, and postoperative monitoring. AB - Sixty-nine cases of pituitary tumours with suprasellar extensions are reviewed. Twenty cases were recurrent. All were removed via a frontal craniotomy and surgery was performed under moderate hypothermia in all except seven cases. In 59 cases, lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage was performed in order to improve operating conditions. Amongst 42 primary cases, 29 (69%) were uncomplicated, 5 (12%) developed severe transient complications and one (2.4%) had a persistent deficit postoperatively; there were no deaths. Amongst 17 recurrent cases, 6 (35%) were uncomplicated; there were five deaths (29%) in the immediate postoperative period and one patient had a persistent deficit (6%). Acute hypertension and/or bradycardia were seen in 32 cases (54%) at the time of lumbar CSF drainage. These included all those who subsequently died and 10 of the 12 cases who developed severe complications. In 7 cases where ventricular CSF drainage was performed intraoperatively, one showed acute hypertension accompanying brain retraction but there were no postoperative complications. Two of these cases were recurrent. Postoperative intracranial pressure, measured epidurally, varied widely in both complicated and uncomplicated cases and was frequently low (less than 10-15 mm Hg) in the presence of severe complications. It is concluded that lumbar CSF drainage should not be performed in the presence of a suprasellar extension and that postoperative monitoring of the epidural pressure is of little value in these cases for the early detection of postoperative complications pertaining to the operative field. PMID- 7124477 TI - [Effect of povidone-iodine in the prevention of surgical wound infection in urology]. PMID- 7124479 TI - [Vesicular bilharziasis: clinical study of a case]. PMID- 7124478 TI - [Retrovesicular lipoma]. PMID- 7124480 TI - [Simultaneous bilateral testicular torsion]. PMID- 7124475 TI - Late vascular effects of whole brain X-irradiation in the mouse. AB - The whole brains of mice were irradiated with 250 kVp X-rays at 120 rads min-1 (1.6 mm Cu HVL, TSD 50 cm), and a histological study was carried out. The dose range of X-irradiation was from 1,300 to 2,500 rads, i.e., 1,300, 1,500, 1,750, 2,000, and 2,500 rads. Eighty-six mice were used for histological examination. For microscopic examination, the mice were killed at regular postirradiation intervals between 15 and 20, 31 and 40, 41 and 50, 51 and 60, 61 and 70, 71 and 80, 81 and 90, 139 and 177 weeks. The brains were removed immediately thereafter, fixed in Bouin's solution, and embedded in paraffin. A histological examination was performed by a morphometric estimation of vascular lesions, in which the degree of the damage to the arterial system was scored in whole serial brain sections. Necrosis (encephalomalacia), atrophy, cell infiltration, and telangiectatic vascular change of the brain, caused as a result of the fibrinoid necrosis of the large arteries, were observed. Dose-dependent incidence of the fibrinoid necrosis increased between 41 and 87 weeks after irradiation. Mean score of fibrinoid necrosis increased dose dependently approximately 60 weeks after irradiation. It is suggested that scores of large vessel damage do relate to dose at 41 to 87 weeks, and can be used to quantify the vessel injury, and that fibrinoid necrosis of the large vessels may relate to the incidence of radionecrosis. PMID- 7124481 TI - [Ultrastructural study of a seminoma]. PMID- 7124482 TI - [Local chemolysis with hemiacidrin in the treatment of surgical residual lithiasis of infectious etiology]. PMID- 7124484 TI - [Components of genito-urinary calculi]. PMID- 7124485 TI - [Surgical treatment of varicocele in the infertile male]. PMID- 7124486 TI - [Open renal biopsy. Commentary on possible access routes]. PMID- 7124483 TI - [Protective action of inosine in warm renal ischemia. Experimental study]. PMID- 7124487 TI - [Rare retroperitoneal tumor: schwannoma. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7124488 TI - On angiotensin-degrading aminopeptidases in the rat kidney. PMID- 7124489 TI - Regulatory peptides from molecular biology to function. PMID- 7124490 TI - Role of neurohormones as modulators of memory storage. PMID- 7124491 TI - Effects of conditioned analgesia (autoanalgesia) on pituitary-adrenal function and brain neuropeptides in rats selected for differences in activity. PMID- 7124492 TI - Isolation of striatal proenkephalin and identification of a novel O-sulphated enkephalin. PMID- 7124493 TI - Enkephalin biosynthesis in the adrenal medulla. AB - Although the number of enkephalin-containing polypeptides (ECP's) from bovine adrenal chromaffin granules have been isolated and sequenced the complete sequence of the translation product has not been determined. Preliminary data from cDNA suggests a 1500 mRNA is the precursor mRNA. Continuation of that line of research to clone the cDNA should provide the total precursor amino acid sequence. Data obtained from ovine chromaffin granules indicates that the ECP's from the species are very similar to those in bovine granules. If this is extended to other species it would appear that some of the ECP's may serve a role beyond that of an enkephalin precursor. In an analogy to pro-opiocortin the "proenkephalin" also may contain multiple hormone sequences. The sequences determined thus far imply trypsin-like enzymes and a carboxy-peptidase B are used to cleave the precursor. We have determined that both types of enzymes are indeed present in chromaffin granules and further studies of these enzymes will provide information of how the precursor cleavages are regulated. PMID- 7124494 TI - Cell-free translation of enkephalin-precursor messenger RNA from bovine adrenal medulla and corpus striatum. PMID- 7124496 TI - Current studies on enkephalin biosynthesis. PMID- 7124495 TI - Enzymatic production of Met5- and Leu5-enkephalin in adrenal chromaffin granules. PMID- 7124497 TI - Enkephalin immunoreactivity in fibres terminating in a synaptoid fashion on pituicytes in the rat neural lobe. PMID- 7124499 TI - Regulation of synthesis and secretion of enkephalins and related peptides in adrenomedullary chromaffin cells and human pheochromocytoma. PMID- 7124498 TI - In vivo regulation of the release of met-enkephalin-like peptides from dog adrenal medulla. PMID- 7124500 TI - Production and regulation of enkephalin-like peptides in neuroblastoma x glioma cells. AB - Partially purified extracts from neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid cells inhibit via opioid receptors the PGE1-elicited formation of cyclic AMP in the same hybrid cell system. The purification of extracts reveals two active fractions very similar to Met- and Leu-enkephalin by several criteria including treatment with cyanogen bromide. On an average, the intracellular concentration of opioids in hybrid cells is 0.1 pmol per mg protein. The concentration is strongly dependent on the cell density. Furthermore, the content in the hybrids of enkephalin-like peptides is specifically elevated by glucocorticoids. PMID- 7124502 TI - Calcium ions reduce enkephalin hyperpolarization of myenteric neurones. PMID- 7124501 TI - Conversion of Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe by brain carboxypeptidases and by membrane fractions. PMID- 7124503 TI - Effect of hemorrhagic shock on the concomitant release of endorphin and enkephalin-like peptides from the pituitary and adrenal gland in the dog. PMID- 7124504 TI - Clinical trial of met-enkephalin analogue (DAMME, FK 33-824) on heroin abusers. AB - Twenty cases of hard-core heroin abusers were treated by detoxification with DAMME (Sandoz FK 33-824). It was found that 55% (n = 11) were detoxified in seven days and were satisfied with analogue. The abstinence period, during post treatment follow-up, varied from two days to six months. The withdrawal syndrome scoring was significant in this group but not in the failure group (45% (n = 9)). No sign of tolerance to DAMME was noted in this series. PMID- 7124505 TI - The gastrin-CCK system: post-translational covalent modifications. PMID- 7124506 TI - Neuropeptides in the primary afferent system of the spinal cord. PMID- 7124507 TI - Effect of cholecystokinin of the activity of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. PMID- 7124508 TI - Possible interaction between cholecystokinin and dopamine. PMID- 7124509 TI - A complete renin-angiotensin system within clonal neuroblastoma cell lines. PMID- 7124511 TI - Structure and function relationships in biochemical systems. PMID- 7124510 TI - Satietin: endogenous regulation of food intake. PMID- 7124513 TI - The mechanism of action of Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase. PMID- 7124512 TI - Structure and function of amine oxidase. PMID- 7124514 TI - Proton and electric charge translocation in mitochondrial energy transduction. PMID- 7124515 TI - The molecular slipping in the redox-driven H+ pumps. PMID- 7124516 TI - Structural aspects of the binding of melittin to phospholipid bilayers, as a model for protein-lipid interactions in membranes. PMID- 7124518 TI - Interaction of fusicoccin with plant cell plasma membranes. PMID- 7124519 TI - Linkage graphs. PMID- 7124517 TI - Acetylcholine receptors from electroplax membranes: in vitro and in situ properties. PMID- 7124520 TI - Facilitation of enzyme catalysis by formation of multienzyme complexes. PMID- 7124521 TI - Some comparative aspects of pyridoxal phosphate and pyruvoyl-dependent amino acid decarboxylases. PMID- 7124522 TI - Structural studies of aspartate aminotransferase isozymes. PMID- 7124523 TI - Recent advances in the study of coenzyme binding to aspartate apoaminotransferases. PMID- 7124524 TI - Flavoproteins: correlation of structure and function. PMID- 7124525 TI - Role of flavin and iron sulfur centers in the transition of succinate dehydrogenase from the activated to the non-activated form. PMID- 7124526 TI - Nature of the iron-oxygen bond and control of oxygen affinity of the haem by the structure of the globin in haemoglobin. AB - Spectroscopic and chemical evidence speak in favour of the iron-oxygen bond being polar. X-ray analysis shows that the oxygen molecule is inclined at an angle of about 115 degrees to the haem plane. Cooperative binding of oxygen by haemoglobin is attributable to an equilibrium between two alternative structures that differ in oxygen affinity by the equivalent of 3-3.5 kcal/mol. The author has proposed that in the low-affinity structure the globin opposes the movement of the iron atom from its pentacoordinated pyramidal geometry in the haem of deoxyhaemoglobin to its hexacoordinated planar geometry in the haem of oxyhaemoglobin, while in the high-affinity structure this restraint is absent. Recent evidence supporting this mechanism is described. PMID- 7124527 TI - Biochemical functions of persulfides. PMID- 7124528 TI - The oxidation of sulfur-containing amino acids by L-amino acid oxidases. PMID- 7124529 TI - The function of high hemoglobin in large fish. PMID- 7124533 TI - [Physiotherapy and dispensaire care in childhood]. PMID- 7124530 TI - Invertebrate hemoglobins: the dimeric hemoglobin from the mollusc Scapharca inaequivalvis. PMID- 7124532 TI - [Problems of age determination and observations on children's body development of Huaorani-(Auca-)Indians in Ecuador]. PMID- 7124531 TI - Effects of heavy metals on the respiratory proteins of marine organisms in relation to environmental pollution. PMID- 7124534 TI - [Determination of biological age in sport medicine and pediatrics by means of a new anthropometric method]. PMID- 7124535 TI - Abdominoplasty. PMID- 7124536 TI - Plastic surgery of the breast. AB - The authors divide the techniques of reduction mammoplasty into two groups. The first one is done by the so-called classical method in which the two important pedicles--the medial (internal mammary artery) and the lateral (lateral thoracic artery)--are preserved. The second one is made through the free transplant of the areolar, chiefly in those cases of large hypertrophic breasts. Both methods give good results in experienced and skillful hands, as well as good satisfaction to the majority of our patients. On the other hand, complications may arise, as in every field of plastic surgery. PMID- 7124538 TI - Surgical treatment for baldness. PMID- 7124537 TI - Essential concepts in prosthetic breast surgery. AB - From January, 1975, through January, 1980, a total of 396 patients (792 breasts) underwent prosthetic breast surgery. In 99.4% of them, a transareolar incision was used; in 0.6%, a circumareolar approach was used. The transareolar incision is cosmetically superior, facilitates dissection, does not increase sensory disturbances, and favors early breast manipulation and patient mobilization. It was found that manual capsule release and manipulation must be as complete as possible in order to maintain the submammary space. In fact, from the experience of this period under study, we have concluded that technical factors play a much greater role than was previously believed in the aesthetic success of prosthetic breast surgery. PMID- 7124539 TI - Another technique for the reduction of the earlobe. PMID- 7124540 TI - Secondary rhinoplasty. PMID- 7124541 TI - The silver wishbone in nasal tip surgery. PMID- 7124542 TI - "Doctor, I want to be able to wear a 'C' cup". PMID- 7124543 TI - Reduction mammoplasty utilizing the superior pedicle technique: a six-year retrospective. PMID- 7124544 TI - Cruro-gluteotrochanteric contouring. PMID- 7124545 TI - The hexagonal technique for mastopexy and reduction mammoplasty. PMID- 7124546 TI - Aesthetic aspects of breast reconstruction. AB - Implant exposure, malposition, and capsular contracture, problems often seen with subcutaneous placement of implants in breast reconstruction, have been largely eliminated by submuscular placement of the implant. The pectoralis major, serratus anterior, rectus abdominus, and the latissimus dorsi are available as muscle and musculocutaneous flaps for coverage of implants in breast reconstruction. As symmetry is the goal in breast reconstruction, the shape and form of the opposite breast is taken into account in selecting a suitable flap for breast reconstruction. The roles and indications for each of these flaps in reconstruction of the breast are presented. PMID- 7124547 TI - SMAS in rhytidectomy. AB - The continuity between the aponeurotic facial fascia and the platysma is an anatomical fact which can be useful in performing face-lift surgery. We have used a "suspender flap" that we fix securely to the periosteum of the mastoid. This fixation using a face-to-face adhesion gives a harmonious and strong lifting of the lower third of the face and creates an acute cervicofacial angle. After 2 years of systematic use of this flap as a routine procedure, we have had no complications related to the procedure itself. Scarring of the skin behind the ear is better than after a purely cutaneous lifting, probably because there is less tension on the skin. Early results have been satisfactory. Further follow-up needs to be done to determine long-term results. PMID- 7124548 TI - An alternative flap in the treatment of baldness. PMID- 7124549 TI - Reduction mammoplasty: general approach and basic considerations. PMID- 7124550 TI - Scar revision. PMID- 7124551 TI - Simplified design of the "B" technique mammoplasty. PMID- 7124552 TI - Nasal polyposis after secondary rhinoplasty: a case report. PMID- 7124553 TI - The use of ultrasound in geriatric medicine. AB - Ultrasonography is now a well-established diagnostic technique and the initial screening procedure of choice in a variety of clinical situations. Its non invasive nature makes it particularly suitable for the investigation of elderly patients. The uses of the technique are reviewed and the results of scanning 96 elderly patients over a period of 21/2 years are described. One hundred and fifteen scans performed of which only 12 were unsatisfactory for technical reasons. Eighty-two of the remaining scans provided useful information in confirming or refuting a suspected diagnosis and the information obtained often obviated the need for invasive investigations. PMID- 7124554 TI - Primary biliary cirrhosis in elderly females. AB - A series of 29 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis has been studied in the last seven years. An unusual feature of this group was that 38% wee over the age of 65, and 24% over the age of 70 at presentation. Detailed analysis of the seven patients presenting over the age of 70 is provided. All of these patients had symptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis rather than representing prolonged survival of the asymptomatic state. It is important that primary biliary cirrhosis be included in the differential diagnosis of liver disease presenting in the elderly. PMID- 7124555 TI - Risk factors for fractured neck of femur in the elderly. AB - During a 15-month period, 47 elderly female patients admitted to hospital with a fractured neck of femur were studied immediately prior to discharge, in comparison with 34 elderly female control patients undergoing elective surgery who had been admitted over the same period to the same orthopaedic wards. The principal differences between the two populations were that the fracture patients had a lower forearm trabecular bone density, with lower bodyweight (both lower muscle mass and lower fat content), increased body sway, worse eyesight and reduced mental acuity. The serum biochemistry of the two groups was almost indistinguishable except that the fracture patients tended to have slightly lower concentrations of proteins. There was no evidence to implicate dietary vitamin D deficiency, osteomalacia, oestrogen deficiency or alcoholism in the aetiology of the fracture, nor was there evidence to suggest alterations in endocrine function with respect to cacitonin or parathyroid hormone. PMID- 7124556 TI - A neurogenic factor in faecal incontinence in the elderly. AB - Idiopathic faecal incontinence in middle-aged people has been found to be commonly associated with neurogenic damage to the anal sphincter musculature. Because neurogenic atrophy of skeletal muscle is a common feature of ageing, we have investigated the possibility that faecal incontinence in elderly people might be due to age-related denervation of the anal sphincter musculature. The technique of single fibre electromyography was used to measure the motor unit fibre density in the external and sphincter muscle in ten patients aged 78 to 99 years. Those patients whose continence was impaired had a markedly increased fibre density. Our findings suggest that neurogenic damage to the anal sphincter musculature may so reduce its functional reserve in elderly people that incontinence occurs when other factors, such as looseness of stool or depression of cerebral function, co-exist. PMID- 7124557 TI - Vitamin B12 absorption from the gut does not decline with age in normal elderly humans. AB - In 37 elderly subjects undergoing measurement of whole body retention of 58Co-B12 at 7 and/or 14 days it was observed that significant (greater than 5%) retention of an inert non-absorbable marker (51CrCl3) occurred at 7 days in 23% of subjects and at 14 days in 8% of subjects. In view of the substantial retention of marker at 7 days it is suggested, therefore, that 14-day measurements of B12 retention are more appropriate than 7-day measurements in the elderly. Whole body retention of vitamin B12 at 14 days was measured in 51 healthy elderly subjects. Results obtained did not correlate with age, between 60 and 96 years, and were no different from results obtained from younger subjects in previously reported studies. It is concluded that vitamin B12 absorption, per se, does not decline with age. PMID- 7124558 TI - Supporting the supporters: working with the relatives of patients with dementia. AB - For the elderly with dementia their families remain the most frequent supporters, despite recent changes in the style of family life. The influence on the care they provide of such factors as acceptance of diagnosis, previous relationships, the patient's deteriorating condition, toleration of risk and acceptance of alternative care is discussed. Appropriate support for families will enable them to care more effectively and with less damage to themselves. PMID- 7124559 TI - Death and the expressed wish to die in the elderly: an outcome study. PMID- 7124560 TI - Attitudes towards the care of the aged and to a career with elderly patients among students attached to a geriatric and general medical firm. AB - Studies in the United States have suggested that medical students' bias against older patients is not influenced by ad hoc courses in geriatrics. If the suggestion is correct then there should be no difference between the attitudes towards the care of the aged and to a career with elderly patients among students attached to a geriatric and general medical firm. In order to examine the hypothesis, such attitudes were compared among students randomly allocated to geriatric and general medical firms. More of the geriatric firms' students held favourable attitudes towards the care of the aged and were prepared to consider a hospital career with elderly patients. The majority of students in both groups wanted to gain their pre-general practice experience of elderly patients on a geriatric ward. The geriatric firm's students also felt that their training had more adequately prepared them to deal with problems commonly encountered among the elderly in hospital. PMID- 7124562 TI - Vitamin status of the Spanish population. AB - The Recommended Nutrient Intakes (R.I.) of all the nutrients are studied and fixed for our census (1980), according to the age, sex and activity. Comparative studies are also carried out through Balance Sheets and Nutrition survey of vitamins consumption. In our country, as in others, we have not enough information about clinical or subclinical deficiencies, neither about loss due to cooking processes, that is why the data obtained from the consumption of nutrient, must be relativized in order to consider the nutritional status of the population. The study is carried out with data of the years 1973, first data sufficiently solvent, and 1974 and 1979 period of important economic crisis which repercussion in nutrition can be interesting. The incidence on the consumption of the touristic population has also been considered. Our diet is at the same level than in the other european countries, with an excess of energetic consumption (40% higher of the R.I.) and normal caloric contribution between the different macronutrients. The average consumptions of vitamins are satisfactory, except for the riboflavin, dangerously situated near the R.I. levels which could reflect problems of deficiency in wide groups of population. PMID- 7124561 TI - Vitamins and lipid metabolism. AB - Vitamins play an essential role in lipid metabolism reactions and their presence is therefore absolutely necessary for these reaction to occur. The effect of pantothenic acid, niacin and riboflavin is here described. By transformation into coenzymes these vitamins are involved in fatty acid synthesis and oxidation reactions. Other vitamins, like vitamin B12, folic acid, vitamin C, and essential fatty acids influence lipid metabolism by different mechanisms. Coenzyme B12 and folate coenzyme provide to balance, by methionine synthesis, the pool of methyl radicals necessary for phospholipid biosynthesis. By its involvement in the microsomal respiratory chain, vitamin C promotes cholesterol transformation into bile acids. The essential fatty acids, mainly linoleic acid, are directly connected with cholesterol transport and plasma cholesterol decrease. It is suggested that many lipid metabolism disorders may be due to primary and secondary hypovitaminosis. Nicotinic acid and its derivatives have a particular pharmacological effect since they cause a HDL increase with LDL decrease and improve cholesterol transfer from LDL to HDL. Results of several experiments on the influence of pantothenic acid on polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism are eventually reported, and these data are related to the effect of the administration of vitamin C at high doses on total cholesterol, triglyceride, lipoprotein, vitamin C and fatty acids of the different plasma lipid fractions. PMID- 7124563 TI - Study of blood vitamin C in lung and bladder cancer patients before and after treatment with ascorbic acid. A preliminary report. AB - A systematic study of vitamin C blood levels in patients with cancer and an evaluation of their modifications when the patients were orally treated with daily large doses of ascorbic acid (5g/day) have been carried out. For excluding any interference on intestinal vitamin C absorption, all patients with digestive tract cancer have been excluded. Our first results concern 24 lung cancer and 35 bladder cancer patients, operable or not, of different sex and age. The study has shown hypovitaminosis C subclinic conditions for the greater part of subjects: in fact the average haematic rate of ascorbic acid approaches to lower level of physiologic range, appearing very low particularly for the younger patients. Periodic haematic dosages of vitamin C of unoperable and operated patients treated with large doses of ascorbic acid, have shown a rapid increase of its blood concentration which frequently has been very over 1500 micrograms%, the higher level of normal range. These high vitamin haematic levels, generally constant during the time, appear usefull in increasing the defence reactions of the cancerous patient. PMID- 7124564 TI - Effects of ascorbic acid on neutrophil function. Studies on normal and chronic granulomatous disease neutrophils. AB - Ascorbic acid is able to stimulate neutrophil oxidative metabolism in normal neutrophils, as well as other several functions of these cells, either in the normal state or in the defective one. In the present study, we have investigated the effects of ascorbic acid on the hexose monophosphate shunt (HMPS) and on the bactericidal activity of neutrophils from Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) patients. Furthermore, we have investigated the effects of ascorbic acid on the antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) of normal neutrophils. Ascorbic acid in vitro was able to significantly improve both HMPS activity and bacterial killing of CGD neutrophils. Its prolonged administration to such patients led to consistent clinical improvement, possibly related to the enhancement of chemotaxis, although the effects on HMPS and bacterial killing seen in vitro could not be confirmed. Ascorbic acid was also able to interfere with neutrophil ADCC with different results depending on its concentration and the experimental conditions. PMID- 7124565 TI - Preventive treatment of osteoporosis with 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 and calcium. Evaluation of bone histomorphometry in osteoporotics and age matched controls. PMID- 7124566 TI - Vitamin E in beta-thalassemia. AB - In homozygous beta-thalassemia low serum level of alpha-tocopherol have been found. The administration of high doses of the vitamin increased the serum level, decreased lipid peroxidation and, in some case, prolonged red blood cell survival; no significant change in transfusion requirement was obtained. Only few data are available about the vitamin E in heterozygous beta-thalassemia. We have studied 131 patients aged 1 to 72 years with thalassemic trait and 218 age matched controls. Serum level of alpha-tocopherol was statistically lower in the former. We have studied the effect of vitamin E on 10 patients. In each subject the subsequent parameters were determined before and after a three month treatment (vitamin E 400-600 mg/day) glutathione peroxidase, pyruvate kinase and creatine in erythrocytes serum vitamin E and red blood cell count. Hematological values were unchanged in all patients. In half of them biochemical parameters showed reduction of lipid peroxidation and increased erythrocyte survival. PMID- 7124567 TI - Clinical and biological effects of high doses of vitamin B6 and magnesium on autistic children. AB - In 1973 Rimland reported that some autistic children responded favorably to high doses of vitamin B6. Since this finding, different studies were performed to identify apparently B6 responsive subjects and to critically evaluate clinical and biological B6 responsiveness. Magnesium was included because large doses of B6 might increase irritability. 44 patients (mean age 9.3 years) were examined. All selected children had marked autistic symptoms. The children received a complete diagnostic work-up, including psychiatric, psychological, neurological and medical evaluation. Clinical data were scored using an estimate of global clinical state and numerical rating on a 18 item scale (Behavior Summarized Evaluation). In a first open trial 15 out of 44 children exhibited moderate clinical improvement with worsening on termination of the trial. Thirteen responders and 8 non responders were re-tested in a 2-week crossover, double blind trial and the responses to the open trial were confirmed. Biochemical data analysis revealed that a significant decrease in urinary homovanillic acid (HVA) levels was observed during B6-Mg administration. During B6-Mg treatment, middle latency evoked potentials exhibited a significant increase of amplitude. PMID- 7124569 TI - Metabolic repercussion of coenzyme-A (CoA) in experimental ethanol hepatopathy. AB - The administration of ethanol plus fat diet has been investigated in our laboratory in relation to the experimental fatty liver in rats. Considering that lipid metabolism are markedly altered in these experimental conditions, the present work studies the effect of simultaneous administration of Coenzyme A (CoA) on the alterations produced by ethanol and lipid diet on glycolytic and lipogenic routes. Ethanol was administered in a 15% solution as the only drinking fluid and a high fat diet (45% vegetable fat as total calories) for three months. CoA was intraperitoneally administered at a dose level of 1.0 mg/Kg body weight/day. Enzymatic activities were determined in the soluble fraction of liver homogenates. The methods used for the estimation of the enzymatic activities are described by Bergmeyer. The most significant changes found by the effect of CoA administration correspond to malic enzyme, citrate lyase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. Fatty acid synthetase and glycolytic kinases, especially diminished by the effect of fat diet, did not show any significant restoration of their activities when ethanol and CoA were simultaneously administered. PMID- 7124568 TI - Metabolism of thiamin and its phosphoric esters in different regions of the nervous system: a new approach. AB - In the nervous system thiamin could have two main functions: coenzymatic, as thiamin pyrophosphate, and/or non-coenzymatic, but related to the nervous activity. In order to investigate the thiamin role we studied the turnover and metabolism of thiamin and its phosphoesters (mono-, pyro-, and tri-phosphate) in different regions (cerebellum, brain stem, cerebral cortex and sciatic nerve) of the nervous system, in a steady state condition. Practically, we determined the regional radioactivity of thiamin and its phosphoesters at different times (up to 240 hrs) from labeled thiamin administration, analyzing the obtained data by suitable compartmental models. From the results of two different types of experiment and from their mathematical elaboration, the cerebellum, with the highest thiamin compound content, appeared to be the most active region of the brain in different steps of thiamin metabolism (phosphorylation, dephosphorylation, uptake and release). The sciatic nerve, however, stood out for only thiamin and thiamin monophosphate metabolism, in spite of its very low total thiamin content. PMID- 7124570 TI - Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) efficiency on wound healing. PMID- 7124571 TI - The family in the treatment of schizophrenia. PMID- 7124572 TI - The Feingold diet for the hyperactive child. PMID- 7124573 TI - Pelvic examination of adolescent girls. PMID- 7124576 TI - Endotracheal intubation of the neonate. AB - Endotracheal intubation in the newborn may be a lifesaving procedure, a especially in cases of meconium aspiration and congenital diaphragmatic hernia. All equipment for performing intubation should be available in the delivery area. The most common and potentially serious error is leaving the endotracheal tube in the wrong position. Auscultation of the chest and abdomen must be performed and a chest x-ray obtained to document the location of the tube. PMID- 7124574 TI - Cancer in the aged. AB - The incidence of cancer rises with age. From epidemiologic and clinical viewpoints, cancer differs significantly among different age groups. The symptoms and signs are often masked by the more frequent debilities of old age. A few sites account for the majority of cancers in the elderly. No patient should be denied the full use of any appropriate form of therapy on the grounds of old age alone. PMID- 7124575 TI - Infantile necrotizing enterocolitis. PMID- 7124577 TI - Kaposi's sarcoma. PMID- 7124578 TI - Neurologic complications of migraine. AB - Migraine can be associated with hemiplegia, ophthalmoplegia, retinal and vertebrobasilar insufficiency, amnesia, confusion, altered perception, stupor and even death. Migrainous complications must be differentiated from structural lesions, metabolic disorders, convulsive states are cerebrovascular thromboembolism. Treatment of complicated migraine is directed toward prophylaxis of vasoconstriction. Agents that produce vasoconstriction, such as ergot preparations, and known migraine precipitants should be avoided in migraineurs. PMID- 7124579 TI - Pulmonary embolism. AB - Patients who are bedridden because of debilitating illness and patients who are recovering from major surgery are at particularly high risk of deep venous thrombosis and subsequent pulmonary embolism. "Mini-dose" heparin therapy has proved useful in preventing deep venous thrombosis. Because the clinical signs of pulmonary embolism are nonspecific, the patient's condition may deteriorate before the diagnosis is suspected. Ventilation and perfusion scans or pulmonary angiography confirm the diagnosis. Heparin continues to be the mainstay of therapy for pulmonary embolism. PMID- 7124580 TI - The hyperactive child. PMID- 7124581 TI - The violent elderly cross socioeconomic lines. PMID- 7124582 TI - Elimination of measles. PMID- 7124583 TI - Radionuclide assessment of sequential changes in left and right ventricular function following first acute transmural myocardial infarction. AB - The purpose of this study was to define the sequential changes in left and right ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF, RVEF) and regional LV wall motion following first transmural acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Fifty-four patients with either anterior (n = 28) or inferior (n = 26) infarction underwent radionuclide ventriculography (RNV) within 48 hours of onset of chest pain (study 1), between days 3 and 6 (study 2), and again between days 7 and 25 (study 3). Twenty-six of the patients with anterior MI (93%) had initial LVEF less than 0.54, compared with 13 of 26 patients (50%) with inferior MI (p less than 0.01). Eleven of 26 patients (42.3%) with inferior MI had initial RVEF less than 0.39, compared with 8 of 27 patients (29.6%) with anterior MI (p less than 0.01). There were no overall significant serial changes in mean LVEF or mean RVEF in patients with either anterior or inferior MI. From study 1 to study 2, LVEF did not change in 24 patients (44%), improved in 13 (24%), and worsened in 17 (31%). From study 1 to study 3, LVEF remained unchanged in 15 patients (35%), improved in 17 (39%), and worsened in 11 (26%). From study 1 to study 2, RVEF did not change in 25 of 51 patients (49%), improved in 17 (31%), and worsened in 9 (17%). From study 1 to study 3, RVEF remained unchanged in 14 (38%), improved in 18 (48%), and worsened in five (14%). Changes in EF tended to occur early in the hospital course, with little subsequent changes. Serial changes in EF could not be predicted by clinical or demographic variables or by location of infarction. Significant changes in LVEF typically occurred without concurrent change in regional LV wall motion, suggesting alteration in ventricular loading rather than change in intrinsic myocardial performance. Initial depression of LVEF correlated with in hospital mortality as well as with development of congestive heart failure and conduction defects. However, sequential changes in LVEF did not correlate with short-term prognosis. We conclude that sequential changes in LVEF and RVEF occur frequently following AMI, appear to reflect ventricular loading conditions rather than intrinsic change in myocardial performance, and do not correlate well with short-term prognosis. PMID- 7124584 TI - Patterns of exercise response in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction: radionuclide ejection fraction and hemodynamic cardiac performance evaluations. AB - To evaluate the exercise response of the severely diseased left ventricle, 13 patients with chronic congestive cardiomyopathy with mean resting ejection fraction (EF) of 18.8 +/- 9.6% underwent maximal supine bicycle exercise with hemodynamic and radionuclide monitoring. Two patterns of exercise response were noted. Group I (n = 7) was characterized by significant (p less than 0.001) increases in stroke work index (SWI) (+52%), stroke volume index (SVI) (+34%), mean arterial pressure (AP) (+23%), and cardiac index (CI) (+119%) and by a decrease in systemic vascular resistance (SVR) (-45% p less than 0.001). In group II (n = 6) there were no significant changes in SWI (-15%), AP (+11%), and SVR ( 17%)(; SVI decreased significantly (-14%, p less than 0.05), and the increase in CI, although significant (+27%, p less than 0.01), did not achieve the level of Group I. EF did not change with exercise in either group. There were no significant differences at rest in any of the above variables, and the pulmonary capillary wedge pressures at maximal exercise were similar. We conclude that there are two patterns of exercise response in patients with severe congestive heart failure (CHF) and that these patterns may have important therapeutic and prognostic implications. PMID- 7124585 TI - Relationship of exercise capacity to resting left ventricular performance and basal plasma norepinephrine levels in patients with congestive heart failure. AB - Seventeen patients with chronic congestive heart failure (CHF) were studied to assess the relationship of resting left ventricular function, as measured by noninvasive and invasive methods, to maximal exercise capacity, as measured by peak total body oxygen consumption (VO2). Supine basal plasma norepinephrine (NE) was also measured to evaluate its relationship to the severity of heart failure and to determine whether it may be a better predictor of exercise capacity in patients with CHF than the more commonly employed noninvasive and invasive tests of left ventricular function. Fourteen of the 17 patients underwent upright bicycle exercise (average peak VO2 10.60 +/- 1.40 ml/kg/min, +/- SEM) to their symptomatic maximum. There was no significant correlation between peak VO2 and the noninvasive measurements of left ventricular performance obtained at rest, including cardiothoracic ratio, left ventricular internal dimension by M-mode echo, percent shortening of the minor axis by M-mode echo, and radionuclide ejection fraction. Hemodynamic measurements were performed in 16 patients. The hemodynamic measurements at rest also failed to correlate with exercise capacity. The supine basal plasma NE, which was elevated in these 17 patients (612 +/- 100 pg/ml), had an inverse relationship with stroke work index (r - -0.70, p less than 0.01) and stroke index (r = -0.83, p less than 0.001) and a positive correlation with right atrial pressure (r = 0.81, p less than 0.001). Although both noninvasive and invasive measurements at rest failed to correlate significantly with peak VO2 during exercise, the plasma NE had a significant inverse correlation with peak exercise VO2 (r = -0.50, p less than 0.05). The basal supine plasma NE is therefore elevated in patients with CHF, is a marker for the severity of CHF as measured by hemodynamics performed at rest, and is a better predictor of exercise capacity than standard noninvasive and invasive tests performed at rest. PMID- 7124586 TI - Computer-enhanced digital angiography: correlation of clinical assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction and regional wall motion. AB - We compared computer-enhanced digital angiography (CEDA) following pulmonary injection of 20 ml Renografin-76 (5 ml/sec) to conventional directly injected left ventriculography (LV) in 13 patients undergoing routine diagnostic catheterization. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was determined by planimetry from end-diastolic and end-systolic images by two independent angiographers. The correlation coefficient for LVEF (CEDA vs. LV) was r = 0.75 (p less than 0.005) for observer 1 and r = 0.85 (p less than 0.0005) for observer 2. The interobserver variability for LVEF was very low, resulting in a high correlation coefficient (r = 0.91, p less than 0.0005). Three angiographers independently reviewed both the conventional and CEDA images in a random order for assessment of anterior, apical, and inferior regional wall motion, using a 6 point subjective grading system (198 determinations). The interobserver correlation for subjective assessment of regional wall motion by both LV and CEDA was poor (49% for LV and 59% for CEDA, p = NS). These poor correlations were not improved by excluding any region or angiographer from the analysis. The agreement of regional motion assessments between the two techniques was only 40%. To improve reproducibility of wall motion interpretation, an automated analysis program was developed. First the range of normal contraction was defined from pooled literature data. The movement of any segment of the left ventricular wall could then be determined in millimeters and referenced to the normal range. This method eliminated interobserver variability. In the absence of an acceptable standard of segmental wall motion to which this measurement can be compared, the accuracy of this objective format could not be determined. We conclude that CEDA images allow accurate determination of ejection fraction and that the large interobserver variability of subjective regional wall motion analysis can be overcome by employing more objective formats. PMID- 7124587 TI - Evaluation of changes in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure by left atrial two-dimensional echocardiography. AB - Two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) measurements of left atrial (LA) cross sectional areas were compared in closed-chest dogs with concurrent high-fidelity recordings of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) measurements. One hundred forty-three simultaneous determinations of LVEDP and end-diastolic as well as end-systolic LA cross-sectional areas were obtained in eight dogs during control, after coronary artery occlusion, and following alterations in LV preload and afterload. Correlation coefficients for LVEDP versus LA end-diastolic cross sectional area ranged from 0.85 to 0.97 in the eight dogs, with standard errors of estimate from 1.89 to 5.43 mm Hg. These findings suggest that 2DE measurements of changes in LA size may facilitate noninvasive evaluation of alterations in LVEDP in patients with LV failure or undergoing interventions. PMID- 7124589 TI - Prevalence and nature of cardiac arrhythmias in apparently normal well-trained runners. AB - Sixty well-conditioned runners were evaluated for arrhythmias by Holter monitor during both a distance run and a maximal treadmill test. Twenty-seven percent of subjects had ventricular arrhythmias during treadmill testing, only 3% having grades higher than just an occasional isolated premature ventricular complex (PVC), compared with 60% during the monitored run, of which ventricular bigeminy occurred in 10%, ventricular couplets in 10%, and multiform PVCs in 5%. Treadmill testing significantly underestimated the frequency and grade of both atrial and ventricular arrhythmias: 57% of subjects who had ventricular arrhythmias while running had none on the treadmill, and 11 of 16 who had ventricular arrhythmias on the treadmill had up to 3 grades higher on the run. The discovery of frequent high-grade atrial and ventricular arrhythmias in subjects considered to be completely fit and healthy suggests that such variations in heart rhythm are a normal phenomenon and no more specific for heart disease or risk than ventricular arrhythmias during maximal treadmill exercise testing. PMID- 7124588 TI - Sinus node recovery time related to paced cycle length in normals and patients with sinoatrial dysfunction. AB - Depressed conduction in the sinoatrial junction, common in the sick sinus syndrome (SSS), should decrease the maximum pacing rate at which 1:1 capture of the SA node occurs. This may result in shorter than expected sinus recovery times (SRT) and maximal prolongation of SRT at relatively slow pacing rates. To test this hypothesis we evaluated the range of pacing rates necessary to demonstrate maximal SRT in 34 patients with and 20 patients without sinus node dysfunction. Atrial pacing was performed at multiple paced cycle lengths (PCL) between 400 and greater than or equal to 1000 msec, four times at each. A mean corrected SRT (CSRT) was determined at each PCL, and the PCL of the longest CSRT was determined (PCLp). PCLp varied linearly with sinus cycle length, was dependent on sinoatrial conduction time, and was longer in patients with SSS than in normal persons. Only 2 of 20 normal persons, but 21 of 34 patients with SSS, had a PCLp greater than 600 msec. A long PCLp (greater than 600 msec) suggests the possibility of recovery times that have been limited by A-S entrance block and appears to be indicative of sinus node dysfunction. PMID- 7124590 TI - M-mode echocardiography in left bundle branch block: significance of frontal plane QRS axis. AB - M-mode echocardiograms were obtained in 48 patients with complete left bundle branch block (LBBB). Of these 48 patients, 28 had LBBB with normal frontal plane QRS axis (-20 degrees to +90 degrees, mean +/- SD 18 degrees +/- 34 degrees), and 20 had LBBB with a left axis deviation (LAD) (-30 degrees to -60 degrees, mean +/ SD -48 degrees +/- 11 degrees). In the group with LBBB and normal axis, 25 patients had typical early mean +/- SD -48 degrees +/- 11 degrees). In the group with LBBB and normal axis, 25 patients had typical early systolic posterior septal motion characteristic of LBBB. Septal motion following early posterior septal motion (through the ejection period) was posterior in 24 patients (86%), anterior (paradoxical) in 2 (7%), and flat in 2 (7%). In the group with LBBB and LAD, 16 patients had the typical early systolic posterior septal motion; subsequent septal motion was posterior in 3 (15%), anterior (paradoxical) in 13 (65%), and flat in 4 (20%). Patients with LBBB and normal axis had a higher frequency of posterior septal motion, and patients with LAD had a higher frequency of anterior septal motion (p less than 0.001). The correlation of abnormal axis and paradoxical septal motion may be explained by the activation pattern producing LAD or by a septal disease process producing both abnormalities of axis and abnormal septal motion. PMID- 7124591 TI - Postoperative evaluation of the Fontan procedure by radionuclide angiography. AB - Seven patients were evaluated by radionuclide angiography (RNA) following Fontan like procedures for complex cyanotic congenital defects. Both first-pass and ECG gated equilibrium angiography were performed in each. Residual right-to-left shunts, right atrial (RA) outflow and pulmonary arterial obstruction, and left ventricular dysfunction were demonstrated by these techniques. In addition, RA ejection fraction (RAEF) by gated equilibrium scan was measured in each patient. Relatively low RAEF was seen in conjunction with residual obstruction to pulmonary flow. RNA is useful in the postoperative evaluation of patients after Fontan procedures. PMID- 7124592 TI - Phenytoin therapy for ventricular arrhythmias occurring late after surgery for congenital heart disease. AB - Sudden death late after surgery for congenital heart disease is usually attributed to ventricular dysrhythmias, which may be difficult to suppress. In this study 19 consecutive patients with ventricular premature complexes (VPCs) documented by 24-hour ambulatory ECG monitoring were treated with phenytoin orally. Sixteen patients had undergone previous repair of the tetralogy of Fallot; three had undergone aortic valve surgery. Nine of these children had been unresponsive to previous antiarrhythmic therapy. Before treatment, four patients had ventricular tachycardia, three had couplets, six had frequent multiform VPCs, four had infrequent multiform VPCs, and two had frequent uniform VPCs. During treatment with phenytoin, the arrhythmia was decreased in all 19 patients and was completely suppressed in 15; the four remaining patients had only uniform VPCs on repeat ambulatory ECG. The mean serum level was 16.8 micrograms/ml (range 12 to 25 micrograms/ml) with a mean dose of 3.4 mg/kg (range 2 to 4 mg/kg). In one patient a skin rash led to discontinuation of phenytoin; no other side effects occurred. In summary, phenytoin was used to successfully suppress ventricular dysrhythmias in 19 consecutive patients with VPCs late after surgery for congenital heart disease. Phenytoin would appear to be the drug of choice for this patient group. PMID- 7124593 TI - Role of intravenous verapamil in supraventricular tachyarrhythmias after open heart surgery. AB - Although the antiarrhythmic effects of verapamil (V) have been studied widely, its role in the treatment of atrial tachyarrhythmias after open-heart surgery (OHS) has not been defined. Accordingly, 22 patients were studied using a double blind randomized crossover protocol 1 to 6 days after OHS, except for one patient, who was studied 90 days after OHS. Atrial fibrillation was seen in 18 and atrial flutter was observed in four patients. Two doses were used, 0.075 and 0.15 mg/kg (not exceeding 10 mg per dose), depending on the response. A positive response consisted of: conversion to sinus rhythm or heart rate less than 100 beats/minute (bpm). Eleven patients received V as the first drug; the remaining 11 received placebo first. Digoxin had been given to 20 patients (0.5 mg average dose) prior to inclusion in the study. Four patients converted to sinus rhythm within 30 minutes after V and one additional patient did so within 10 seconds of placebo administration. The post treatment heart rate combining both low and high dose response was 85 +/- 18 compared to 128 +/- 23 bpm for placebo (M +/- SD, p less than 0.01). The heart rate remained lower than control 30 minutes after V. Transient hypotension required intravenous fluid in one patient. Thus, V safely and rapidly controls heart rate but is not likely to result in immediate conversion to sinus rhythm in patients after OHS. PMID- 7124594 TI - Relation of cardiovascular response to the hypotensive effect of metoprolol. AB - The influence of cardioselective beta blockade on systemic hemodynamics and cardiac performance was assessed in 17 essential hypertensive patients treated with metoprolol (50 to 100 mg twice daily) for 1 month. Eleven patients had a significant reduction of mean arterial pressure (less than 10 mm Hg); the other six patients did not show significant blood pressure change. There was no difference in response of heart rate or cardiac output between the two groups [ 14 +/- 1.6 (SE) vs. -9.5 +/- 2.08 bpm, NS, and -0.55 +/- 0.39 vs. 0.80 +/- 0.35 L/min, NS, respectively]. Mean transit time was significantly prolonged in both groups (1.9 +/- 0.56 vs. 1 +/- 0.53 seconds, NS), and changes in ejection fraction in the two groups were not significant. The only significant difference between the two groups was in the response of total peripheral resistance (-1.4 +/- 3.04 vs. +10.2 +/- 3.77 U . m2, p less than 0.05). The reduction in heart rate correlated significantly with control heart rate (r = -0.71, p less than 0.001) and the decreased in cardiac output correlated significantly (r = -0.77, p less than 0.001) and the decrease in cardiac output correlated significantly (r = -0.77, p less than 0.001) with the initial cardiac output. The changes in mean arterial pressure did not correlate with changes in cardiac output (r = 0.116). On the other hand, there was a significant correlation of 0.68 (p less than 0.01) between the changes in mean arterial pressure and the changes in total peripheral resistance. Changes in plasma renin activity (PRA) were not significant in the nonresponders (1.8 +/- 0.9 to 0.6 +/- 0.2 ng/ml, NS), and the reduction of plasma renin activity was significant in the group of responders (5.5 +/- 2.4 to 1.7 +/- 0.8 ng/ml, p less than 0.05). However, there was no correlation between the changes of mean arterial pressure and either initial PRA or the change in PRA. As regards plasma catecholamines (measured in nine patients), there was a tendency to reduction in both responders and nonresponders (411 +/- 84 to 319 +/- 67 ng/L and 562 +/- 141 to 388 +/- 166, respectively); but changes did not reach statistical significance in both groups. It was concluded that metoprolol reduces cardiac output by slowing heart rate; this reduction of cardiac output was not related to decreased cardiac performance. The mechanism of blood pressure reduction seems to be related to the response of systemic resistance to the diminution in cardiac output and not to the decrease in cardiac output per se, inasmuch as the latter occurred in both responders and nonresponders. PMID- 7124595 TI - Diminished finger volume pulse in borderline hypertension: evidence for early structural vascular abnormality. AB - Digital volume pulse maximum dilation was determined in 27 patients with borderline essential hypertension (BHT) and 28 age-matched normotensive controls (NT). Finger pulse volume (PV) and finger systolic pressure (SBP) were measured by pneumoplethysmography during vasodilation induced by combining direct and reflex heat dilation and reactive hyperemia. Finger SBP was higher (p less than 0.01) in BHT than in NT (120 +/- 18.7 vs. 104 +/- 14.8 mm Hg, respectively); PV was lower (p less than 0.01) in BHT than in NT (9.7 +/- 4.2 vs. 15.3 +/- 6 ml/5 ml finger X 10(-3). Pulse volume correlated inversely with SBP in BHT (r = -0.40, p less than 0.05) but was unrelated to SBP in NT. Pulse volume was not altered by high or low sodium intake in BHT or NT despite significant changes in plasma renin activity (PRA). In BHT finger vessels are less distensible at a higher pressure than in NT. This abnormality is demonstrable during maneuvers to withdraw sympathetic tone and is not influenced by alteration of PRA. These data support the concept that BHT can produce structural vascular change, and demonstrate that this abnormality can be detected by a relatively simple method. PMID- 7124597 TI - Coronary heart disease in black populations. I. Mortality and morbidity. PMID- 7124596 TI - Reliability of assessing change with sequential coronary angiography. AB - Data are presented from a study evaluating the reliability of sequential angiography in estimating changes in coronary lesions. Three panels of three expert angiographers each read on two separate, independent occasions 18 sets of paired angiograms taken 24 months apart. All readers were blinded to the temporal sequence of the films, clinical data, and ventriculography information. The need for simultaneous viewing and reading of the two films, for training sessions, and for allowance to be made for apparent differences arising from boundary definitions prior to final analysis was demonstrated. Under stringent conditions (determination of change based on agreement of at least two out of three panels of physicians) it was possible to ascertain change in coronary atherosclerosis from sequential sets of coronary angiograms with good reliability. However, single-panel readings yielded an unacceptable overestimate of the number of patients with lesion changes. PMID- 7124599 TI - Correction of mitral valve disease without valve replacement. PMID- 7124600 TI - Silent left coronary artery-cameral fistula: probable cause of myocardial ischemia. PMID- 7124598 TI - Coronary heart disease in black populations. II. Risk factors. PMID- 7124601 TI - Left coronary artery-to-left ventricular fistula: demonstration of coronary steal phenomenon. PMID- 7124603 TI - Comparison of two methods of analyzing frequency of ventricular arrhythmias. PMID- 7124602 TI - Two-dimensional echocardiographic features of coronary arteriovenous fistula. PMID- 7124604 TI - Left ventricular myxoma: M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiographic features. PMID- 7124605 TI - Noninvasive detection of proximal pulmonary artery thrombosis by two-dimensional echocardiography and computerized tomography. PMID- 7124606 TI - Invasive atrial myxoma: documentation of malignant potential of cardiac myxomas. PMID- 7124607 TI - Serum phosphate shift in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7124608 TI - Cardiovascular effects of hemodialysis. PMID- 7124610 TI - Hyperacute T waves revisited. PMID- 7124609 TI - Friedreich's disease: a metabolic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 7124611 TI - Treatment of myocardial infarction with intracoronary streptokinase: efficacy and safety data from 209 United States cases in the Hoechst-Roussel registry. AB - Efficacy and safety data from 209 U.S. cases in the Hoechst-Roussel intracoronary streptokinase (STK) registry were analyzed. Successful recanalization was achieved in 76% of infarct-related occluded coronary arteries. Postinfarction complications (i.e., malignant arrhythmia, heart block, and pump failure) were substantially less frequent after successful recanalization compared to the recanalization failures. Cardiac in-hospital mortality was 2.5% in the recanalized group and 18% in the group in which recanalization failed. Several severe hemorrhagic complications occurred in patients who were heparinized. The data suggest that myocardial reperfusion following STK coronary recanalization during evolving myocardial infarction may salvage myocardium. Except for excessive bleeding associated generally with heparinization, side effects and adverse reactions were readily controlled. PMID- 7124612 TI - Beneficial effects of intracoronary thrombolysis up to eighteen hours after onset of pain in evolving myocardial infarction. AB - Coronary arteriography and intracoronary streptokinase (STK) infusion were performed on 89 patients with evolving acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Ventricular function was followed in these patients during their hospitalization by gated radionuclide ventriculography. In 35 of these patients thallium imaging was performed on admission and 4 hours after reperfusion. An additional 30 patients with AMI who either met exclusion criteria for the STK protocol or refused study served as a control group. In patients admitted 0 to 6, 6 to 12, or 12 to 18 hours after onset of pain, there was no difference in change in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) from admission to discharge, in percent of patients with total occlusion demonstrating reperfusion, or in percent of patients demonstrating a significant increase in LVEF. The average increase in LVEF from admission to discharge in patients reperfused ws 8% (40% +/- 14% to 48% +/- 13%, p less than 0.001). No change in LVEF was demonstrated in the control population or in patients in whom coronary reperfusion was unsuccessful. Reperfusion produced an increase in thallium uptake in the infarct-related myocardium that was accompanied by an improvement in regional function. Failure of reperfusion produced no change in either thallium uptake or regional function. PMID- 7124613 TI - Intracoronary streptokinase in clinical practice. AB - The candidacy for streptokinase (SK) infusion was studied in 95 patients displaying ECG evidence of acute or impending infarction who were catheterized within 5 hours of the onset of chest pain. Intracoronary SK was administered to 84 patients in whom occlusions of the infarct-related vessel were identified, with early recanalization having been achieved in 74 (88%). Because of completeness of studies, a data base of 72 patients was employed for further analysis. Recanalization was sustained at follow-up in 45 of 55 patients (82%). Spontaneous thrombolysis was demonstrated at follow-up in five patients (8%) initially resistant to SK, and rethrombosis occurred in 10 patients (18%). Preservation of R waves relative to Q wave depth was limited to patients with less than 90% residual stenosis. Eight of nine patients with continuing thrombolysis and patients with recanalized occlusions of the left anterior descending coronary artery displayed more impressive increases in mean (+/- SEM) ejection fraction (47% +/- 4% to 53% +/- 5% [p less than 0.05], and 47% +/- 3% to 52% +/- 5, respectively). The ejection fraction also increased significantly in 15 patients with pre-SK values of less than 50% (41% +/- 2% to 48% +/- 3%; p less than 0.05). Ventricular function deteriorated in SK failures. Reperfusion arrhythmias occurred in 28 of 62 recanalized patients (45%). Minor bleeding tendencies were displayed in 18 of 72 patients (25%). Major hemorrhages, one of which may have been fatal, occurred in four patients (5.6%). Of 84 patients, four (4.7%) died, two of whom were in cardiogenic shock when first seen. In contrast, there were 11 deaths (11.8%) in a consecutive simultaneously enrolled series of 93 control patients with similar entry criteria (p less than 0.05). Two additional SK-treated patients died, 16 and 30 days after treatment, both more than a week after surgical revascularization. It is concluded that SK recanalization is a promising new therapy that may decrease mortality and preserve myocardial function in certain circumstances. Its efficacy in a setting closer to the mainstream of cardiologic practice extends the favorable experience issuing from earlier clinical investigations. PMID- 7124615 TI - Pharmacy & hospice: partners in patient care. PMID- 7124614 TI - Intracoronary thrombolysis in syndromes of unstable ischemia: angiographic and clinical results. AB - For an assessment of association of intracoronary thrombus with prolonged unstable myocardial ischemia and of the possible efficacy of local thrombolysis, 12 patients with recent prolonged unstable angina underwent 13 intracoronary streptokinase infusions. All patients had prolonged rest angina within 5 days of coronary angiography. Abnormal resting ECGs were present in all patients, and 10 had ECG changes referable to the ischemic-related vessel. There were seven native coronary and six bypass graft infusions with a mean streptokinase dose of 187,00 +/- 22,000 IU (standard error of mean). Angiographic findings consistent with intracoronary thrombus were identified in 11 of 13 ischemia-related vessels. Evidence of partial or complete intracoronary thrombolysis was noted angiographically in 10 of 13 ischemia-related vessels (77%), although reestablishment of anterograde flow was seen in only two of six totally or subtotally occluded vessels. Nine patients experienced rest angina during the 48 hours prior to infusion, whereas only three experienced angina during the 48 hours following infusion. In conclusion, angiographic findings before and after thrombolysis in this preliminary study demonstrate a high frequency of intracoronary thrombus in preinfarction syndromes. Furthermore, these limited observations suggest a decrease in angina frequency following thrombolytic therapy. PMID- 7124616 TI - Pharmacy & hospice: opportunities for service. PMID- 7124617 TI - Talk with the dying patient. PMID- 7124618 TI - Early recognition of skin cancer. PMID- 7124619 TI - Narcotic antagonists. An alternative for treating opioid dependence. PMID- 7124620 TI - Concerning the case of United States v. American Pharmaceutical Association and Michigan State Pharmaceutical Association, Civil No. G75-558 CA5, W.D. Michigan. PMID- 7124621 TI - A sampling and analytical procedure for skin-contamination evaluation. AB - A sampling and analytical procedure which permits the evaluation of skin contaminated with liquified coal products was developed. In this procedure approximately 10 mL cyclohexane was sprayed onto a limited area of the skin (5 cm2) to be evaluated. The rinsings were drained into a 12-mL glass vial and later analyzed by UV fluorescence. Preliminary studies resulted in recoveries of greater than 95%. The limit of detection was 0.2 microgram heavy distillate fuel oil. Application of this technique to other skin contaminants is possible if appropriate solvents and analytical procedures are available. PMID- 7124622 TI - Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin, zinc protoporphyrin and blood lead in newly re exposed smelter workers: a prospective study. AB - The relationship between blood lead and free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) or zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) was evaluated prospectively for 50 weeks in a group of workers who were removed from occupational lead exposure for 10 weeks. FEP or ZPP continued to fall in spite of a rising blood lead upon re-exposure. Although statistically significant relationships between square root FEP or ZPP and blood lead were found, wide confidence limits prevent meaningful predictions of blood lead from FEP or ZPP for an individual. Blood lead is a better index of exposure than FEP or ZPP, especially when exposure is not stable. PMID- 7124623 TI - Cardiovascular risk from exposure to static magnetic fields. AB - The increasing potential for exposure to magnetic fields in science, industry and public sectors requires an assessment of the attendant potential biological consequences. At present, no model exists for such an assessment. Based on the physical principle of pressure loss when a conductive fluid moves through a magnetic field, a model of the cardiovascular system is used to estimate the potential increase in blood pressure in the presence of a magnetic field. This increased pressure, confined to the major arteries, along with epidemiological data, is used to provide the basis of a model which could be applied to make upper limit estimates of risk for blood pressure related health effects resulting from exposure to magnetic fields. PMID- 7124624 TI - Comparison of respirable dust specifications with recent lung data. AB - This paper compares the two major respirable dusts size specifications with lung models derived from a recent review using computer simulation in logarithmic normal dust clouds. It was found that either specification gives reasonable reproductibility with respect to either the nose or mouth breathing lung models over the usual range of industrial dust clouds, and either could be chosen as a standard with only a slight adjustment in the corresponding dust control limit. PMID- 7124625 TI - Characteristics of survivors of exertion- and nonexertion- related cardiac arrest: value of subsequent exercise testing. PMID- 7124626 TI - Quantitative comparison of extent of coronary narrowing and size of healed myocardial infarct in 33 necropsy patients with clinically recognized and in 28 with clinically unrecognized ("silent") previous acute myocardial infarction. AB - Clinical and necropsy observations are described in 61 patients with a healed transmural myocardial infarction, 33 with and 28 without a clinical history of acute myocardial infarction. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups of patients in mean age, sex, or frequency of angina pectoris, chronic congestive heart failure, systemic hypertension, sudden coronary death, or fatal acute myocardial infarction. Compared with the patients with clinically recognized acute myocardial infarction, the patients with clinically unrecognized (silent) infarction had a significantly (p less than 0.05) higher incidence of diabetes mellitus (43 versus 15%), death from noncardiac causes (39 versus 9%), posterior (inferior) wall infarcts (82 versus 55%), and smaller infarcts (mean size 7 versus 17% of left ventricular wall). The patients with and without clinically recognized infarction had similar numbers of the 4 major coronary arteries severely (76 to 100% in cross-sectional area) narrowed (mean 2.8 versus 2.9/4.0 per patient), insignificant differences in incidence of severe narrowing of the left main coronary artery (18 versus 29%), similar overall percents of 5 mm segments of the 4 major coronary arteries severely narrowed (43 versus 42%), and similar percents of severely narrowed 5 mm segments of the right (46 versus 55%), left anterior descending (39 versus 33%), and left circumflex (41 versus 41%) coronary arteries. PMID- 7124627 TI - Anatomic and prognostic implications of an early positive treadmill exercise test. AB - Eighty men (group A) with clinical coronary artery disease underwent coronary angiography regardless of symptoms and previous therapy because they had a positive treadmill exercise test in stage I or II of the Bruce protocol. Thirty four other men (group B) who also had an early positive treadmill test underwent coronary angiography because they had disabling angina pectoris despite medical therapy. We found left main coronary artery stenosis of 50% or greater of the vessel diameter in 28% of group A and 35% of group B (p greater than 0.3). In contrast, only 10% of 93 other catheterized patients who had treadmill tests that were not early positive had left main coronary disease (p less than 0.001). Fifty four patients from group A who did not have left main stenosis of 50% or greater were treated medically. In this subgroup, 85% had 2 or 3 major coronary vessels with 75% or greater stenosis. These patients had a 36 month survival rate of 89.2%. We conclude that an early positive treadmill test identifies patients who have an increased likelihood of having left main coronary stenosis, even if they are minimally symptomatic. To identify left main coronary stenosis, catheterization may be justified in patients whose angina pectoris has been mild or not intensively treated when they have an early positive treadmill response. After left main coronary stenosis has been excluded, these patients may be treated medically with a low mortality. PMID- 7124629 TI - Randomized double-blind comparison of verapamil and nifedipine in chronic stable angina. AB - A randomized double-blind crossover trial was performed in 32 patients with chronic stable angina to compare the antianginal actions of verapamil (120 mg 3 times daily) and nifedipine (20 mg 3 times daily). Efficacy was assessed using objective end points obtained by computer-assisted exercise testing and 24 hour ambulatory monitoring for S-T segment shift. Twenty-eight patients completed the trial. The mean exercise time to produce angina improved from 5.7 +/- 0.3 minutes (mean +/- standard error of the mean) in patients on placebo, to 7.9 +/- 0.5 minutes in those on nifedipine and 10.0 +/- 0.7 minutes in those on verapamil. Similar improvement was seen in all other objective variables. Generally verapamil produced mild bradycardia and nifedipine mild tachycardia. Four patients complained of palpitations and angina after ingestion of nifedipine and were identified by ambulatory monitoring to have tachycardia and persistent S-T depression. These opposite effects on heart rate may explain the differences in efficacy between these 2 potent calcium ion antagonists. PMID- 7124628 TI - Effect of nifedipine on exercise-induced left ventricular dysfunction and myocardial hypoperfusion in stable angina. AB - To assess the effects of nifedipine on left ventricular function and regional myocardial perfusion, exercise radionuclide ventriculography was performed in 15 men (median age 59 years) and exercise thallium-201 scintigraphy was done in 11 of them, before and 90 minutes after the oral administration of 20 mg of nifedipine. All patients had stable angina and angiographically proved coronary artery disease without evidence of spasm. Exercise tolerance after administration of nifedipine increased from 343 +/- 42 seconds to 471 +/- 50 seconds (p less than 0.01), whereas the peak exercise double product remained essentially unchanged (difference not significant). Ejection fraction improved significantly at rest (from 49 +/- 3.6% to 52 +/- 3.3%, p less than 0.05) and at peak exercise (42 +/0 3.3% to 47 +/- 3.7%, p less than 0.05). Nifedipine also resulted in an improved segmental wall motion score (4.3 +/- 2.3 to 3.0 +/- 2.3, p less than 0.05; 0 = normal and 4 = worst degree of dysfunction). The ejection fraction increased by more than 5% in one third of the patients at rest, and in more than half of the patients at peak exercise. Improved exercise myocardial perfusion occurred in 5 of 11 patients (45%) and in 7 of 28 segments (25%) with reversible hypoperfusion. Thus, nifedipine produces significant improvement in global and regional left ventricular function in patients with coronary artery disease and stable angina. This may be accounted for, at least in part, by improvement in myocardial perfusion. PMID- 7124630 TI - Hemodynamic and electrophysiologic effects of verapamil and nifedipine in patients on propranolol. PMID- 7124631 TI - Pharmacokinetics of verapamil: experience with a sustained intravenous infusion regimen. AB - Disappearance kinetic characteristics of verapamil were determined in 9 patients after a single intravenous dose. From the pharmacokinetic variables determined, we designed an intravenous regimen to maintain a plasma verapamil concentration of 150 ng/ml consisting of (1) a loading bolus (10 mg over 2 minutes), followed by (2) a rapid loading infusion (0.375 mg/min) for 30 minutes, and finally (3) a maintenance infusion (0.125 mg/min). We tested this regimen in 7 patients for 2 to 12 hours, and found it to be safe and to produce stable prolongation of the P R interval. Verapamil concentration was highest immediately after the bolus administration and was prevented from falling below 67 ng/ml by the rapid infusion. Maintenance concentration remained between 77 and 156 ng/ml for all patients, and averaged 122 ng/ml. Transient and slight decreases in brachial blood pressure and sinus cycle length occurred coincident with the maximum verapamil concentration. Maximum P-R prolongation lagged behind peak plasma concentration but was sustained for the duration of the infusion. Prolongation of the P-R interval was not significantly different at the end of the infusion from that 90 minutes after the start of the regimen. No patient demonstrated significant side effects, arrhythmia, or clinically important hypotension. Although the specified regimen produced a final concentration averaging 125 ng/ml, it is predicted that infusion regimens producing other plasma concentrations can be similarly devised by changing the bolus, rapid loading infusion, and maintenance infusion doses in proportion to the desired final plasma concentration. PMID- 7124632 TI - Increased physical activity: a protective factor against heart attacks in Puerto Rico. AB - The incidence and potential risk factors of coronary heart disease were assessed in 2,585 rural and 6,208 urban men, aged 45 to 64 years, participating in the Puerto Rico Heart Health Program, a prospective epidemiologic study of coronary heart disease initiated in 1965. An index of daily physical activity and a metabolic equivalent of heaviest activity were estimated from each individual history. Rural men had higher mean levels of overall activity as well as higher levels of heavy activity than urban men. An 8 1/4 year follow-up study for coronary heart disease other than angina pectoris was analyzed for relationships with physical activity. Significant inverse associations were found for both urban and rural men. Metabolic equivalent of heaviest activity showed similar results. Although the physical activity index was inversely associated with most known coronary risk factors, multivariate analyses indicated that a significant independent inverse relationship existed with the incidence of coronary heart disease. In Puerto Rico, increased physical activity appears to be a separate protective factor against heart attacks. PMID- 7124633 TI - Inter- and intraatrial dissociation during spontaneous atrial flutter: evidence for a focal origin of the arrhythmia. AB - Programmed electrical stimulation of the heart was performed in 2 patients with spontaneous atrial flutter. Patient 1 was a young man with paroxysmal atrial flutter that had proved resistant to drug therapy and who was studied during an episode of sustained flutter. In this patient rapid atrial pacing from the coronary sinus at a critical rate faster than the intrinsic flutter rate provoked local atrial fibrillation in the mid and low right atrium which persisted after termination of pacing. In spite of persistent local fibrillation in these regions, atrial flutter continued in the left atrium and the high right atrium. A second burst of pacing resulted in restoration of sinus rhythm. Patient 2 was an elderly woman with probable sick sinus syndrome who developed spontaneous atrial flutter during the course of an electrophysiologic investigation. During flutter intracavitary recordings from multiple sites in the atria revealed a pattern of 3:2 Wenckebach conduction between the left atrium and the high right atrium, with block of every third atrial depolarization at the latter site. These results indicate that atrial flutter may exist at some sites in the atria which are functionally dissociated from the remainder of the atrial tissue, thus supporting the hypothesis that flutter in some patients may be focal in origin. PMID- 7124636 TI - Left and right ventricular adaptation to right ventricular overload before and after surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot. AB - On the basis of angiographic projections, left (n = 43) and right (n = 56) ventricular volume data were obtained in patients with tetralogy of Fallot before and after surgical repair. The postoperative patients were divided into 3 groups according to the degree of an additional volume load secondary to a residual ventricular septal defect or pulmonary insufficiency, or both. The decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (p less than 0.01) in preoperative tetralogy of Fallot in the presence of a normal sized left ventricle suggests depressed global myocardial function, which is not improved after surgical repair, even if excellent results are achieved. A certain functional reserve, however, seems to be preserved, since the ejection fraction did not decrease further with increasing additional volume loads. Similar enlargement of the right ventricle secondary to comparable degrees of pulmonary insufficiency and residual ventricular septal defect indicates similar effects of additional diastolic and systolic filling on right ventricular function in patients with tetralogy of Fallot after surgical repair. Even in patients with excellent surgical results, such as those without significant right ventricular outflow tract obstruction and additional volume load, right ventricular pump function is depressed, the ejection fraction being significantly (p less than 0.01) lower than normal. The further decrease of global myocardial function with increasing volume load suggests a loss of functional reserve. Attempts to minimize right ventricular volume load after surgical repair seem advisable. PMID- 7124637 TI - Early assessment of hemodynamic status after repair of tetralogy of Fallot: a comparison of 24 hour (intensive care unit) and 1 year postoperative data in 98 patients. AB - Hemodynamic data obtained in the intensive care unit, immediately after repair of tetralogy of Fallot, were compared with measurements obtained at 1 year postoperative catheterization in 98 infants and children. Eight of 12 patients who had pulmonary artery oxygen saturation of 80% or greater in the intensive care unit had a pulmonary to systemic flow ratio greater than 1.5 at catheterization; all 79 patients who had a pulmonary artery oxygen saturation of ess than 80% in the intensive care unit had a pulmonary to systemic flow ratio of 1.5 or less at catheterization. Five of six patients who had a right ventricular outflow tract pressure gradient greater than 40 mm Hg in the intensive care unit had a gradient greater than 40 mm Hg at catheterization; 7 of 61 patients who had a right ventricular outflow tract gradient of 40 mm Hg or less in the intensive care unit had a gradient greater than 40 mm Hg at catheterization. The addition of measurements of right ventricular pressure and the right ventricular to systemic arterial pressure ratio in the intensive care unit did not improve sensitivity in identifying patients with a right ventricular outflow tract gradient greater than 40 mm Hg at catheterization. Intensive care unit measurement of pulmonary artery oxygen saturation is valuable for determining the presence or absence of a significant left to right shunt after repair of tetralogy of Fallot and should be considered an adjunct to patient management. Intensive care unit measurement of the right ventricular outflow tract gradient identifies patients with a significant right ventricular outflow tract gradient at catheterization but is not highly sensitive. PMID- 7124635 TI - Surgical repair of congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries: results and follow-up. AB - Eighteen patients with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries had open heart repair for intracardiac associated defects. Fourteen patients (78%) are alive during the follow-up period (mean 4.5 years). Seventeen (94%) of the 18 patients had ventricular septal defect closure, and 12 (66%) insertion of a pulmonary artery conduit. Surgical repair of the tricuspid valve was required in 6 patients (33%) during the first operation and in 3 additional patients during a second operation (total 50%). When hemodynamic overload or cardiac compromise was detected after surgery it was directly related to identifiable residual defects such as atrioventricular valvular insufficiency, residual ventricular septal defect, or pulmonary conduit stenosis. Repeat open heart operation for residual defects was common during the follow-up period (8 of 18 patients, 44%). No patient showed primary systemic or pulmonary ventricular dysfunction during the follow-up period. None of the last 11 patients developed complete heart block. Postoperative intraventricular conduction defects were common and are presumably caused by surgical injury of the bundle branches. Our observations suggest that surgical repair of congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries can be currently achieved with acceptable risk. Improved knowledge of the precise location of the specialized conduction system resulted in a marked decrease in the incidence of atrioventricular (A-V) block in patients with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries undergoing intracardiac repair. In the absence of postoperative residual defects it can be expected that longevity and quality of life will improve considerably, but many of these patients may require a repeat operation. PMID- 7124634 TI - Echocardiographic features of carcinoid heart disease. AB - We reviewed the records of the Mayo Clinic patients with known carcinoid syndrome in whom echocardiographic studies had been done. Nineteen patients had M-mode and 2-dimensional echocardiographic examinations, and 1 patient had an M-mode examination only. Of the 20 patients, 8 had no evidence by echocardiogram of carcinoid heart disease; 2 had changes in the tricuspid valve echogram suggestive of early carcinoid heart disease, and the other 10 patients had the following distinctive echocardiographic findings: (1) the pattern of right ventricular volume overload (enlarged right ventricle with abnormal septal motion); (2) abnormal right-sided valves, including (a) a striking appearance of the tricuspid valve, the leaflets appearing thickened, retracted, and fixed in a semiopen position throughout the cardiac cycle, and (b) thickened, retracted pulmonic valve cusps, when visualized; and (3) the left-sided valves and chambers rarely involved. These echocardiographic features are distinctive of advanced carcinoid heart disease and correlate closely with pathologic findings. PMID- 7124638 TI - Pediatric cardiac catheterization with same-day discharge. AB - A system was developed for cardiac catheterization in children without overnight hospital stay (called same-day discharge). Over a 4 year period, 233 children (aged 5 weeks to 20 years) had catheterization with same-day discharge staying an average of 11.8 hours in the hospital. In all but 1, no problems occurred after hospital discharge; 1 child required readmission for psoas tendinitis after retrograde aortography. Same-day discharge was safely applied regardless of the patient's age, diagnosis, and use of systemic heparinization, large-bore sheaths, retrograde arterial catheterization, or cineangiography. The hospital-related cost of pediatric cardiac catheterization was reduced 29% compared with that of the standard 42 hour hospital stay. Same-day discharge provides attractive elements to the physician and institution involved in cardiac catheterizations, for example: (1) improved medical care by a decrease in the length of hospitalization, (2) a significant reduction in medical costs, and (3) elimination of time pressure in training and teaching as well as therapeutic decision-making. Critical factors for the successful application of same-day discharge are coordination of multiple health care professionals and physician judgment of the patient's clinical status. We speculate that reassessment of other hospital-oriented procedures may foster the development of methods for improving medical care or reducing cost, or both. PMID- 7124639 TI - Compression of intrapulmonary bronchi by abnormally branching pulmonary arteries associated with absent pulmonary valves. AB - In 3 patients with absent pulmonary valve syndrome and absent ductus arteriosus, the lungs were injected and analyzed postmortem using morphometric techniques. Two patients had tetralogy of Fallot and 1 had D-transposition of the great arteries, the latter being the first autopsy-proved case of absent pulmonary valve with transposition. In addition to the expected dilatation of the central pulmonary arteries and compression of the mainstem bronchi, postmortem pulmonary arteriography revealed a bizarre pattern of hilar branching. Instead of single segmental arteries, tufts of arteries arose which entwined and compressed the intrapulmonary bronchi. In all 3 patients the histologic structure of the pulmonary arteries was abnormal. The elastic lamina of the media of the right and left pulmonary arteries were increased in number outside the lung, but were decreased within the lung. At both sites, the elastic laminae were thickened and fragmented. In the 2 ventilator-dependent patients, there was slight medial hypertrophy and extension of muscle into normally nonmuscular arteries. In 1 of the 2 cases in which the number of bronchial generations was counted, they were decreased, and in the 1 case in which bronchial count was unknown, alveolar multiplication was severely impaired. Therefore, our data may explain why, in some patients with absent pulmonary valve syndrome, relief of compression of the mainstem bronchi alone does not appreciably alleviate or reverse severe respiratory disease. PMID- 7124640 TI - Two-dimensional echocardiographic identification of pulmonary artery branch stenosis. AB - Pulmonary artery branch stenosis is a not uncommon congenital lesion, noted in approximately 4% of children at the time of cardiac catheterization. Real-time 2 dimensional echocardiography was used to examine 10 patients with angiographically documented pulmonary branch stenosis. Five cases of pulmonary artery branch narrowing were identified by echocardiography without prior knowledge of angiographic findings. In 5 other patients whose angiographic results were known, the narrowings were identified in 4 of 5 cases. These results demonstrate the feasibility of evaluating pulmonary branch stenosis with the nonionizing, noninvasive method of 2-dimensional echocardiography. PMID- 7124641 TI - Ventricular performance and biochemical alteration of regional ischemic myocardium after reperfusion in the pig. AB - Reperfusion of acutely ischemic myocardium may cause profound alterations in left ventricular wall performance and metabolism. This study evaluates regional left ventricular wall thickness, analyzes metabolic and biochemical alterations, and examines tissue hemorrhage during 15, 30, and 120 minutes of myocardial ischemia, each followed by 120 minutes of reperfusion. Reperfusion after 15 minutes of ischemia showed nearly normal ventricular wall thickening and motion, intact metabolic and biochemical function, and no tissue hemorrhage. However, reperfusion after 30 and 120 minutes of ischemia was associated with ventricular wall thickening and failure to resume systolic and diastolic wall motion. Furthermore, adverse metabolic and biochemical alterations and reperfusion zone hemorrhaging increased proportionally with the duration of ischemia. These findings suggest critical myocardial damage occurring between 15 and 30 minutes of ischemia in an animal model without preexisting coronary collateral circulation. The observed metabolic and biochemical changes are consistent with irreversible cell membrane defects, allowing calcium ion accumulation and thus adversely affecting diastolic relaxation and systolic thickening. PMID- 7124642 TI - Effect of intraaortic balloon counterpulsation on regional myocardial blood flow and oxygen consumption in the presence of coronary artery stenosis: observations in an awake animal model. PMID- 7124643 TI - Detection of ischemic myocardium in vivo through the chest wall by quantitative ultrasonic tissue characterization. PMID- 7124644 TI - Increased R-wave amplitude induced by acute myocardial ischemia in the dog: a predictor of malignant ventricular arrhythmias. PMID- 7124646 TI - Inhibition of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction by nifedipine. AB - Nifedipine is a potent slow channel calcium antagonist and systemic vasodilator recently reported to attenuate hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in man. Other systemic vasodilators have also been shown to attenuate hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, but their effects in some species may be mediated by reflex beta-adrenergic discharge. We evaluated the effect of nifedipine on the relation between pulmonary arterial pressure and blood flow during hyperoxia (inspired partial pressure of oxygen [PO2] 200 mm Hg) and hypoxia (inspired PO2 50 mm Hg) in denervated ventilated pig lungs perfused in situ with the animal's own blood. Ten lungs were ventilated with alternating 15 minute periods of hyperoxia and hypoxia. Hypoxia shifted the pulmonary artery pressure (x axis)-blood flow (y axis) relationship to the right and decreased its slope, indicating vasoconstriction. Nifedipine, given as a 0.1, 1, or 10 microgram/kg bolus into the pulmonary artery, caused a dose-dependent reduction of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. It is concluded that nifedipine is a potent pulmonary vasodilator acting locally within the lung and that it might be useful in the therapy of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension from chronic lung disease in man. PMID- 7124647 TI - Digital intravenous ventriculography: analysis and validation of wall thickness changes during ischemia and inotropic stimulation in dogs. AB - To assess regional ventricular wall thickening, we studied 8 open-chest dogs using digital intravenous ventriculography at a control stage, after subtotal and total coronary occlusion, and then after isoproterenol administration. In 3 dogs, 2 pairs of myocardial thickness crystals were implanted. Correlations of measures of wall thickness and percentage of wall thickening with crystal measures were excellent at the base (r greater than or equal to 0.97) and near the apex (r greater than or equal to 0.97). Four areas of the inferoapical wall muscle were measured: the base, mid-wall, distal wall, and apex. Four chamber dimensions were also examined: the long axis, base decreased with ischemia. At completion occlusion, it was -24.6 +/- 6% at the base, -27.3 +/- 5% at the mid-wall, -27.1 +/- 5% at the distal wall, and -24.7 +/- 5% at the apex. Percent thickening decreased with occlusion, although greater at the base and mid-wall than at the distal wall and apex. With isoproterenol, end-diastolic thickness increased only at the apex, with little change at the base, distal wall, and mid-wall. Percent thickening increased. In general, ischemia produced increases in end-diastolic hemichords with little change in the long axis. Isoproterenol reduced the hemichords, although the long axis did not change. We conclude the digital intravenous ventriculograms can be used to assess changes in wall thickness with high degrees of accuracy. Asymmetric thickening occurred at rest, with ischemia and with inotropic stimulation, being greatest at the apex and least at the base. PMID- 7124645 TI - Ibuprofen-mediated infarct size reduction: effects on regional myocardial function in canine myocardial infarction in canine myocardial infarction. PMID- 7124648 TI - Verapamil versus propranolol for angina at rest. PMID- 7124649 TI - Proper identification of trademarked products. PMID- 7124650 TI - Withdrawal of 2 previously published reports. PMID- 7124651 TI - The morphologic method applied to the problem of "single" right ventricle. PMID- 7124652 TI - Division of the mouse gastric mucosa into zymogenic and mucous regions on the basis of gland features. AB - The stomachs of adult CD1 mice were investigated by anatomical examination and light microscopy. Serial sections were prepared of entire stomachs; the various types of gastric glands were characterized; and, using every 30th or 60th serial section, maps of gland distribution were obtained through point-plotting serial reconstruction. Gross examination shows that the cephalic third of the stomach consists of a thin-walled, domelike structure, the forestomach. The rest of the organ, or stomach proper, is subdivided into two parts, the thick-walled corpus, which approximately occupies the middle third, and the less vascular pyloric antrum which forms the remaining caudal third of the organ. Histologically, glands are absent from the forestomach mucosa but are numerous throughout the stomach proper. They are of two main types, namely, zymogenic glands, which contain, among others, zymogenic cells, and mucous glands, which lack these cells but contain mucous cells. Both gland types show a few enteroendocrine cells. Moreover, some of the mucous glands include parietal cells (mucoparietal glands), while others do not (pure mucous glands). Mucosal maps reveal that the glands of each type are located in distinct areas of the mucosa. Thus a compact zymogenic region may be defined, occupying 56% of the glandular mucosa and containing only zymogenic glands. The mucous region, on the other hand, composed only of mucous glands, is extensive and divided into a narrow cephalic band (5.2% of the glandular mucosa) and a large caudal part (38.8%). Along the lesser curvature these parts are continuous, and together they encapsulate the zymogenic region. In proximity to the border of this region, and only there, do the mucous glands include parietal cells. A comparison of mucosal maps and gross features indicates that the corpus includes both the zymogenic region and the cephalic band of mucous glands, whereas the antrum is composed entirely of the mucous glands of the caudal part. PMID- 7124653 TI - The establishment of a somitomeric pattern in the mesoderm of the gastrulating mouse embryo. AB - Mesoderm formation in the mouse embryo begins at 6.5-6.75 days p.c. (postcoitum) when a primitive streak is formed along the posterior side of the egg cylinder. Epiblast cells in a localized region separate from one another and spread laterally between the primitive endoderm and the rest of the epiblast. The newly formed mesoderm contributes to both embryonic and extraembryonic regions. When the endoderm is removed, a definitive somitomeric pattern is first observed in the lateral sings of mesoderm of the mid-primitive-streak-stage embryo. The sequential appearance and the placement of somitomeres in the gastrulating mouse embryo are closely related to the general changes in physical dimensions and to the pattern of tissue growth which occur during the maturation of the egg cylinder. By the late-primitive-streak stage, about four somitomeres are present in the paraxial mesoderm on either side of the embryonic axis. These somitomeres will undergo morphogenesis and give rise to the cranial segments and head mesenchyme of neurulating embryos (Meier and Tam, 1982). The midline or axial mesoderm, consisting of prechordal plate and notochord, is derived from the head process mesoderm originating from the anterior end of the primitive streak. Cells of the head process are compact and adherent to the endoderm. The early presence of a somitomeric pattern which persists and is added to throughout subsequent phases of mesoderm formation suggests that spreading mesodermal cells have relatively stable neighbor relationships. This morphological evidence supports the idea that the expansion of the mesoderm during gastrulation results from tissue growth and progressive deposition of cells from the primitive streak. Cell migration may be limited principally to nonsomitomeric mesodermal cells found in the leading edge of the spreading lateral wings. PMID- 7124654 TI - Arteries and veins of the normal dog lung: qualitative and quantitative structural differences. AB - As a necessary preliminary step to the study of pulmonary hypertension and edema, the structure of the pulmonary vasculature of seven normal dogs was examined in detail to distinguish arteries and veins. For light microscopy and morphometry, the left lung was injected from the arterial and venous sides with pigmented gelatin masses of different colors. The right lung was fixed for electron microscopy. The percentage of medial muscle thickness of arteries was greater (P less than 0.05) than that of veins, for vessels over 200 micrometer diameter. Smooth muscle cells extended more peripherally into arteries (including in vessels less than 50 micrometer) than into veins. The larger arteries were elastic or transitional in type, whereas larger veins were muscular. The arteries branched with the airways. Fifty percent of arteries under 50 micrometer and more than 50% of veins under 200 micrometer were surrounded by alveoli. Muscular arteries had a thick media between distinct internal and external elastic laminae, whereas veins had no internal lamina but had a thin media separated from a thick adventitia by an external elastic lamina. By electron microscopy, the muscular arteries had tightly packed smooth muscle cells with few myoendothelial junctions; the venous smooth muscle cells were arranged loosely, and more numerous myoendothelial junctions were seen. no definite differences were noted between nonmuscular arteries and veins. The functional implications of these morphological findings (differential reactions to pharmacological agents, distensibility of pulmonary arteries and veins, and responses of small vessels to alveolar pressure) are discussed. PMID- 7124656 TI - Quantitative morphological analysis of proliferating and nonproliferating subpopulations of IMR-90 fibroblasts during aging in vitro. AB - Early-, mid- and late-passage cultures (population doubling levels 12, 35, and 51, respectively) of IMR-90 fibroblasts were exposed to 3H-thymidine for 48 h prior to fixation in situ for morphometric analysis in order to determine quantitatively what ultrastructural changes accompany the loss of proliferative capacity during aging in vitro. Analysis of autoradiographs, both at the light and electron microscopic levels, with an image analyzer followed by ANOVA statistical scrutiny demonstrated that a significant increase in relative cell area, an indicator of cell size, was characteristic of cells unable to incorporate 3H-TdR at both mid- and late-passage, but not at early-passage levels. Nuclear size also increased significantly with progressive passage level but was not related to proliferative capacity. No significant difference in the area fraction of nucleoli per unit area of nucleus or of mitochondria, Golgi, or lysosomes was seen in either subpopulation at any passage level. Dilated cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum in early-passage cells were seen if cells were harvested with trypsin and fixed either before or after centrifugation, but were not seen in labeled or unlabeled cells from any passage level when cultures were fixed in situ. We conclude that a significant increase in cell size is the only significant morphological change associated with the loss of proliferative capacity of IRM-90 fibroblasts. Furthermore, our data indicate that there is no accumulation of secondary lysosomes in human diploid fibroblasts during aging in vitro; we therefore cannot support any hypothesis of aging or proliferative decline that is based mechanistically upon this phenomenon. PMID- 7124655 TI - The uterine progestational response in cats: ultrastructural changes during chronic administration of progesterone to estradiol-primed and nonprimed animals. PMID- 7124657 TI - Effects of indomethacin on preovulatory follicles in immature, superovulated mice. AB - In order to demonstrate the possible role of prostaglandins in preovulatory follicular development, immature mice superovulated with pregnant mare serum followed 40 hours later by luteinizing hormone (LH) were treated with the prostaglandin-synthetase inhibitor, indomethacin. Indomethacin (10 mg/kg) injected at varying intervals prior to or following LH inhibited ovulation most effectively when administered within 2 hours of the ovulatory gonadotropin. This inhibition was accompanied by (1) suppression of the morphological changes normally occurring within the follicular wall during preovulatory development and (2) failure of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) in two-thirds of the follicles examined. When GVBD occurred, indomethacin treatment appeared to delay meiotic maturation. Cumulus tissue was more compact than in control follicles and maintained a close association with the oocyte. These results suggest that alterations in the morphology of the follicle prior to ovulation--specifically, thinning of the apical follicular wall and meiotic maturation--are regulated by prostaglandins. PMID- 7124658 TI - Comparison of the Benn index and other body mass indices in nutritional assessment. AB - As shown in 58,468 individuals, representing 10 different samples from four different surveys, the "Benn" index (weight/heightp) is highly correlated with other body mass measures that use weight and height, with values of r as high as 0.98 with weight alone. Comparing the Benn index and other body mass indices with four different skinfold measurements (triceps, subscapular, iliac, and abdominal) on 1933 males and 2136 females, correlations involving the Benn (weight/heightp) index were marginally superior to those with weight (by 0.09) and only fractionally superior to those with height/weight (by 0.04). Under the circumstances it is not evident that the population-specific exponent p in the Benn index conveys a material advantage in nutritional assessment. PMID- 7124659 TI - Biochemical assessment of vitamin B6 nutritional status in pregnant women with orolingual manifestations. AB - Two groups of pregnant women belonging to a low socioeconomic group, one with oral lesions and the other without lesions, were studied in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy for vitamin B6 nutritional status. Both the groups showed evidence of abnormal tryptophan metabolism, and in pregnant women with clinical signs the postload xanthurenic acid excretion in urine was higher than in the other group, suggesting a severe deficiency of vitamin B6. Treatment with vitamin B6 cured the oral lesions and also corrected the abnormalities in tryptophan metabolism. Excretion of 4-pyridoxic acid was low in both the groups and more so in women with oral lesions. Administration of tryptophan load significantly elevated the excretion of 4-pyridoxic acid in urine. These results indicated that pregnant women belonging to a low socioeconomic group were, in general, deficient in vitamin B6. In pregnant women with oral lesions the deficiency of vitamin B6 was more severe than in those pregnant women without oral lesions. Whether the severity of vitamin B6 deficiency would precipitate clinical signs like oral lesions is not yet known. PMID- 7124660 TI - Copper absorption in elderly men determined by using stable 65Cu. AB - The apparent absorption of copper was determined in seven elderly men using the stable isotope 65Cu. Analysis of isotopic ratios of copper was done using thermal ionization, magnetic sector mass spectrometry after separation of copper from fecal samples by ion exchange chromatography. Mean apparent copper absorption during the first metabolic period in five men was 23.9 +/- 1.4% (mean +/- SEM) when fed a semipurified diet containing 3.3 mg of copper daily and 9 to 19 g nitrogen from egg albumin. Mean apparent copper absorption in five men during the second metabolic period was slightly but significantly higher, 27.7 +/- 0.31% (mean +/- SEM) when their diet contained 3.3 mg of copper per day and 4.0 to 5.7 g of nitrogen from egg albumin. The quantity of copper absorbed was equivalent to 0.8 mg per day in the first metabolic period and 0.9 mg during second metabolic period and was sufficient to maintain copper balance in these elderly men. PMID- 7124662 TI - Menstrual cycle and basal metabolic rate in women. AB - Basal metabolic rate, resting metabolic rate (RMR), and energy cost of selected activities were measured in six healthy young women who were participating in a study of protein requirements. The women were confined to a metabolic unit for 92 days during which they consumed a defined formula diet. The basal metabolic rate of the women was 20.7 +/- 2.6 kcal/kg body weight/day and the caloric requirement for maintenance of weight was 38.7 kcal/kg body weight/day. Basal metabolic rate varied significantly with the menstrual cycle. Basal metabolic rate decreased at menstruation and fell to its lowest point approximately 1 wk before ovulation subsequently rising until the beginning of the next menstrual period. RMR was 0.99 +/- 0.16 kcal/kg/h. The energy expenditure while sitting was 1.06 times RMR, while walking it was 2.81 times RMR, and while performing treadmill exercise it was 3.47 times RMR. PMID- 7124661 TI - Biliary lipids in New World monkeys: dietary cholesterol, fat, and species interactions. AB - The separate effects contributed by dietary cholesterol and dietary fat on several parameters of biliary lipid metabolism thought to be important in the genesis of cholesterol gallstones were examined in squirrel and cebus monkeys fed diets containing either corn or coconut oil from birth. Half the monkeys were also fed cholesterol. In gallstone-susceptible squirrel monkeys, corn oil tended to decrease the bile acid pool size and decrease the percentage of taurochenodeoxycholic acid. Dietary cholesterol effected major changes in gallbladder bile molar percent lipid composition with significantly increased cholesterol saturation indices that exceeded the metastable-labile limits. The supersaturated biles notwithstanding, none of the monkeys developed gallstones and only one had cholesterol crystals in its bile. By contrast, the gallstone resistant cebus monkeys experienced less remarkable shifts in biliary lipid composition during dietary challenges of cholesterol and fat. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that neither a diminished bile acid pool size nor bile supersaturated with cholesterol are sufficient in themselves to result in gallstone formation in immature monkeys. PMID- 7124663 TI - Eggs, serum cholesterol, and coronary heart disease. AB - The Framingham Study has investigated the effect of host and environmental factors on the development of coronary heart disease since 1949. Serum cholesterol level was determined to the one of the risk factors for coronary heart disease. The nutrient intake, in a subsample of the study population, was determined in 1957. A review of this material has permitted an estimate of egg consumption on each of 912 subjects. The serum cholesterol distribution curves of the subjects according to tertile of egg intake were almost identical, and no relationship between egg intake and coronary heart disease incidence was found. It is concluded that within the range of egg intake of this population differences in egg consumption were unrelated to blood cholesterol level or to coronary heart disease incidence. PMID- 7124664 TI - Biochemical indices of nutritional status in maternal, cord, and early neonatal blood. AB - The nutritional status of 556 infants born in good health was measured by selected biochemical parameters in maternal venous blood, in mixed arteriovenous cord blood at delivery, and in infant's capillary blood collected at 5 days. The determinations indicating nutritional status were: Hb, hematocrit, protein, cholesterol, triglycerides, vitamins A, C, E, and folic acid, iron, calcium and magnesium. In maternal venous blood, a significant number of women were found to be deficient; 3.4% had Hb below 9.5 g/dl; 6.1% had hematocrit less than 30%; 4.0% had total protein below 5.5 g/dl; 7.0% had vitamin C below 0.20 mg/dl; 3.0% were deficient in iron (less than 40 microgram/dl), 3.6% in folic acid (less than 2.0 ng/ml) and 5.2% in calcium (less than 7.5 mg/dl). Significant correlations were more frequent between maternal and cord blood than in other comparisons. An influence of parity and maternal age was more evident for vitamin C in cord blood than in maternal venous blood. Iron in maternal and cord blood decreased in relation to parity. PMID- 7124666 TI - Breakfast habits of adolescents in for South African populations. AB - Breakfast habits by using questionnaires, were established in a total of 4717 South African pupils of 16 to 18 yr. In the groups of rural and urban Black, Indian, European-African-Malay, and white pupils studied, respective proportions who had no solid breakfast (both sexes combined) were approximately 21, 19, 13, 13, and 14%. Proportions who had only porridge or bread (or toast) plus drink were 77, 73, 61, 71, and 56%. Such breakfast provided ranges of means of 223 to 345 kcal, 9 to 14 g protein, 7 to 18 g fat, 51 to 185 mg calcium, and 3.2 to 5.1 mg iron. Proportions who had a cooked breakfast (including egg, meat, fish), eaten with or without a cereal food, were 1, 4, 17, 8, and 29%. Such meals contributed means of 495 to 704 kcal, 11 to 26 g protein, 24 to 39 g fat, 110 to 225 mg calcium, and 3.9 to 5.5 mg iron. In the South African groups studied, the issue of breakfast or no breakfast had no clear-cut bearing on weight, height, class position, or frequency of absence from school. The degree by which, in a given community, nutrition in general and breakfast in particular, regulates health and/or academic performance, needs proper research in prospective studies. PMID- 7124665 TI - Sugar intake and weight and height of pupils of 16 years in South Africa ethnic groups. AB - In South African ethnic groups--Blacks. Indians, European-African-Malay, and whites--measurements were made on a total of 2037 pupils, aged 16 yr, of sugar intake, weight, and height. In the various subgroups there was no clear-cut trend for high sugar-consuming pupils (upper thirds), compared with low sugar-consuming pupils (lower thirds), to have greater mean weights and heights. presumably, high consumers of sugar eat less of nonsugar foods, and vice versa. In approximate gradings for habitual physical activity, a slight trend was apparent for those in upper thirds to have higher mean sugar intakes. PMID- 7124667 TI - Within-person variability of nutrient intake in a group of Hawaiian men of Japanese ancestry. AB - Within-person variability of nutrient intake is examined using data on 7 consecutive days for 329 men. The variability of nutrient intake within persons differs for the nutrients examined. Some nutrients, such as starch, have small within-person components of variance and are therefore highly reliable even using a single 24-h recall. Others, such a polyunsaturated fatty acids, have large within-person components of variance and are thus less reliable. Within-person variability affects the power of a study to detect differences in nutrient intake between groups and also affects the magnitude of calculated correlation coefficients. For the least reliable nutrient it is estimated that the correlation would be attenuated to two-thirds its true size. Eating patterns in the cohort appear to be nonrandom. Using this nonrandomness of nutrient intake it may be possible to reduce the within-person component of variance using less recalls than is suggested if random eating patterns are assumed. PMID- 7124669 TI - Body size and shape: derivation of the "HAT" frame size model. AB - A bivariate mathematical model termed the "HAT" model for defining body frame size is presented for young males and females (mean age 22 yr). The HAT model is based on the relationship between stature and the sum of the biacromial and bitrochanteric diameter measurements. Small, medium, and large frame sizes were calculated for individuals and percentile rankings for the corresponding body weights, percentage fats, and lean body weights were given. For males, it was observed that differences in body weight between frame size groups was primarily due to differences in lean body weight. That is, lean body weight increased per frame size, while fat weight per frame size remained constant. For females in contrast, there was a small but statistically significant increase in fat weight per frame size and no increase in lean body weight per frame size. PMID- 7124668 TI - Relationship between various maternal body mass measures and size of the newborn. PMID- 7124670 TI - Body frame size: validity of self-appraisal. AB - The validity of self-appraisal of body frame size was investigated in 72 college aged subjects (39 males and 33 females). Validity was assessed by comparing self appraised frame size versus the quantitative "HAT" formulation, which includes stature and two trunk diameters. Frame size was also assessed separately, for each subject by an expert rater. Results showed that the expert rater was in error 28% in comparison to the criterion frame size estimation, while 41% of the subjects were in error in assessing their own frame size, in comparison to the HAT criterion. The expert rater and self-appraisal differed by 33%. When analyzed by sex, it was revealed that the females were more inaccurate in assessing their frame size, in comparison to the criterion, than were the males. The consequences of inaccurate frame size assessment, in terms of ideal weight from the Metropolitan tables was discussed. Also, data were presented on a different sample of 103 females classified into percentage fat categories of less than 20%, 20 to 30%, and more than 30% which illustrated no statistical differences in skeletal dimensions, including frame size. PMID- 7124672 TI - Arm muscle indicators and creatinine excretion in children. AB - The ability of anthropometric measurements, including arm muscle area calculated from arm circumference and triceps skinfold thickness, to estimate creatinine excretion as an index of muscle mass was tested in 14 fully active children, 2 to 6 yr of age in a residential care facility. The children were placed on a meat and fish-free diet for 36 to 48 h before the determination of mean creatinine excretion during three 24-h urinary collections. Results indicated highly significant correlations between mean creatinine excretion and height (r = 0.71), weight (r = 0.69), and arm circumference (r = 0.63). However, arm muscle area had the highest correlation with creatinine excretion (r = 0.86) of any anthropometric variable used. Step-wise multiple-regression analysis indicated that including height or weight with arm muscle area did not significantly improve the estimation of creatinine excretion, but that weight for height added significantly to improve the estimation of creatinine excretion, but that arm muscle area can provide a useful index of body muscle as reflected in urinary creatinine excretion in young children. PMID- 7124671 TI - Anthropometric measurement of muscle mass: revised equations for calculating bone free arm muscle area. AB - Arm muscle area (AMA, cm2) is currently calculated from triceps skinfold thickness (TSF, cm), and midarm circumference (MAC, cm). In assessing the accuracy of the current equation by comparison to AMA measured by computerized axial tomography, error in each of the four approximations made was found to result in a 20 to 25% overestimate of AMA. Two correctible error sources were: a 10 to 15% overestimation caused by assuming a circular midarm muscle compartment and a 5 to 10% overestimation due to inclusion of midarm cross-sectional bone area. Corrected AMA equations for men and women were respectively: [(MAC - pi x TSF)2/4 pi] - 10, and [MAC - pi x TSF)2/4 pip] - 6.5. With two additional study groups, the overall improved accuracy of the new equations was confirmed, although the average error for a given patient was 7 to 8%; the relationship between corrected AMA and total body muscle mass was established [muscle mass (kg) = (ht, cm2) (0.0264 + 0.0029 x corrected AMA)]; and the minimal range of corrected AMA values compatible with survival (9 to 11 cm2) was defined. Bedside estimates of undernutrition severity and prognosis can therefore be calculated from two simple measurements, TSF and MAC. PMID- 7124674 TI - Nutrition labeling and public health: survey of American-Institute of Nutrition members, food industry, and consumers. PMID- 7124673 TI - Relative merits of old and new indices of body mass with reference to skinfold thickness. AB - Correlation coefficients among the various commonly used indices of body mass and measures of skinfold thickness were calculated using 16,459 adult Black of white samples derived from the data sets of the US Health and Nutritional Examination Survey I of 1971 to 1974. Compared to weight and weight-height cube ratio, weight height square ratio, and weight-heightp ratio exhibit the highest correlation with skinfold thickness. Furthermore, weight-height square ratio and weight heightp ratio showed the same amount of correlation with skinfolds. Therefore, weight-heightp ratio is not the best indicator of adiposity. It is concluded that weight-height square ratio along with measures of subcutaneous fat such as skinfold thickness would provide adequate information about body size and body fatness. The applicability of weight-heightp is limited to studies concerned with interpopulation comparisons of body mass and where there are differences in height. PMID- 7124676 TI - Relative merits of old and new indices of body mass: a commentary. PMID- 7124675 TI - Body composition and resting metabolic rate: the myth of feminine metabolism. AB - Resting metabolic rate (RMR) in adults can be viewed from two perspectives. Body surface area is used to index RMR in the clinical perspective. Normal values of RMR are thus sex-specific and appear to be lower in women. However, the physiological perspective is one of an asexual metabolism that differs in the mass of active cells. The body cell mass is relatively reduced in women due to a smaller skeletal muscle mass in tandem with a greater fat mass. RMR is proportionately reduced and thus highly correlated with body cell mass or lean body mass in mixed sex data. Athletic training can negate the differences in body composition and RMR per unit weight. The body mass index is another nonphysiological and sex-specific parameter currently being applied to obesity research. The clinical utility of body surface area for the prediction of RMR results from its correlation with body composition within either sex. The clinical and physiological perspectives of RMR must be clearly distinguished and treated as distinct. PMID- 7124677 TI - Fatness and hematological levels during pregnancy. PMID- 7124678 TI - Oxygen therapy and long-term pulmonary outcome of respiratory distress syndrome in newborns. AB - A previous report has shown no difference between the clinical outcome of infants exposed to a high oxygen (O2) regimen and those exposed to a low O2 regimen for the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Mechanical ventilation was not used in either group. In the present study, pulmonary function tests were performed on 14 survivors receiving the low O2 regimen (low O2 group) and on nine receiving the high O2 regimen (high O2 group) ten years after their initial illness. Similar evidence of abnormalities of large airways was found in both groups of prematurely born children that was comparable with that previously reported for normal prematurely born children. There was evidence in the high O2 group similar to that reported for ventilated survivors with RDS exposed to a high concentration of O2. From these data, it was concluded that neonatal exposure to high O2 concentrations in the absence of mechanical ventilation is capable of causing long-term change in small airways. PMID- 7124679 TI - Bronchoscopic extraction of aspirated foreign bodies in children. AB - New instruments and techniques have refined the art of extracting aspirated foreign bodies from children. During a five-year period at the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, bronchoscopic extractions were successful in 40 of 41 children (98%). The extractions were performed with the patient under general anesthesia, using a pediatric ventilating bronchoscope that contained the Hopkins rod-lens system. Two methods of extraction were used, depending on the shape of the foreign object: the Fogarty balloon technique for spherical objects, and the forceps technique for flat objects. Using these techniques, most foreign bodies (80%) were removed on the first or second pass of the bronchoscope. Because bronchoscopic extraction is a delicate procedure and carries a risk of cardiorespiratory arrest, it should be performed by endoscopists and anesthesiologists who are skilled with this procedure in children. PMID- 7124680 TI - Theophylline blood levels as a guide to intravenous therapy in children. AB - A retrospective analysis of the records of 56 children admitted in status asthmaticus was done to assess the impact of serum theophylline levels on subsequent therapeutic decisions. In 39% of the cases, levels obtained following the initial theophylline bolus were below therapeutic range and in 6% they were above therapeutic range. In 31% of instances of theophylline levels obtained during the phase of continuous aminophylline infusion, the physician decided to administer additional theophylline. The median hospital stay was 2.65 days. Monitoring serum theophylline levels following intravenous loading and during continuous infusion provides the physician with a valuable clinical tool and may help to shorten the period of hospitalization for patients in status asthmaticus. PMID- 7124681 TI - Standard deviation, standard error. Which 'standard' should we use? AB - Standard deviation (SD) and standard error (SE) are quietly but extensively used in biomedical publications. These terms and notations are used as descriptive statistics (summarizing numerical data), and they are used as inferential statistics (estimating population parameters from samples). I review the use and misuse of SD and SE in several authoritative medical journals and make suggestions to help clarify the usage and meaning of SD and SE in biomedical reports. PMID- 7124682 TI - If you had three wishes. Fantasies related to child psychiatry training. AB - This essay proposes a two-track fellowship program in child psychiatry that would allow persons to enter child psychiatry training from a background in pediatrics, as well as from general psychiatry. Such flexibility would attract fellows from a new "pool" of applicants and increase the number of qualified physicians whose primary interest would be the mental health needs of children and adolescents. In addition, the plan would promote sharing of resources from both fields to child psychiatry and pediatrics, resulting in numerous programmatic and administrative advantages. PMID- 7124683 TI - Neonatal ovarian torsion. PMID- 7124684 TI - Concurrent pneumococcal disease in two siblings. PMID- 7124685 TI - Pneumococcal subcutaneous abscess in immunocompetent children. PMID- 7124686 TI - Fluoride supplementation. PMID- 7124687 TI - Infant botulism: exacerbation by aminoglycosides. PMID- 7124688 TI - Relative role of hypoglycemia in 2:1 heart block. PMID- 7124689 TI - DTP vaccine injection technique. PMID- 7124690 TI - Infancy and health hazards. PMID- 7124691 TI - Responses to exercise in children with sickle cell trait. AB - To determine whether responses to exercise in children with sickle cell trait (AS) are different from those of normal children, we performed dynamic cycle ergometer stress testing in 48 children with AS, aged 4 to 21 years. We compared these data with those obtained from 184 healthy black children. No subject with AS demonstrated definite ischemia on the exercise ECG, but four (8.3%) had equivocal ischemia. Population statistics derived from Z score values showed that the subjects with AS had lower exercise values for heart rate and work load than the controls. The BP response to exercise was normal in subjects with AS. Since no ischemia or complications occurred, exercise in subjects with AS appears to be safe. Further studies are needed to define the mechanism for the impaired pulse rate and work load variables. PMID- 7124693 TI - Factitious diarrhea in two children. PMID- 7124695 TI - Choledochal cyst resulting in congenital cirrhosis. PMID- 7124694 TI - Neuroblastoma appearing as protein-losing enteropathy. PMID- 7124692 TI - Parenteral indomethacin for closure of the patent ductus arteriosus. Clinical experience with 67 preterm infants. AB - During a 19-month period, 23% of preterm infants had symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Intravenous indomethacin was administered to 67 infants with successful closure in 91% of the patients and in 83% of those with birth weights less than 1,000 g. No differences were found between the number of doses required and birth weight, gestational age, or age at initial therapy. Transient alterations in renal function were common after therapy, but mild renal failure occurred in only four infants. The incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage and necrotizing enterocolitis in treated infants was similar to that in the total preterm population. Cicatricial retrolental fibroplasia developed in one patient. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia occurred more frequently in infants with PDA, but a decreased incidence was found after early ductal closure. Intravenous indomethacin administration successfully effects ductal closure without major complications in preterm infants. PMID- 7124696 TI - Seizures associated with Campylobacter enteritis. PMID- 7124697 TI - Drug treatment of otitis media and urinary tract infections. PMID- 7124698 TI - Lactobezoars in infants. PMID- 7124699 TI - Neonatal gallbladder distention. PMID- 7124700 TI - Newborn thyroid screening. PMID- 7124701 TI - Aspirin and Reye's syndrome. PMID- 7124702 TI - Take two aspirin and call me in the morning. Salicylate use and Reye's syndrome. PMID- 7124703 TI - Fatal benzyl alcohol poisoning in neonatal intensive care units. A new concern for pediatricians. PMID- 7124704 TI - Acetaminophen and aspirin. Prescription, use, and accidental ingestion among children. AB - Among 3,587 hospitalized children monitored by the Pediatric Drug Surveillance Program between 1974 and 1979, acetaminophen was prescribed for 32% and aspirin for 3%. In the three months before admission, 23% reported use of either drug. In both inpatient and preadmission settings, acetaminophen use increased between 1975 and 1977 and decreased subsequently. Aspirin prescriptions were consistent over the entire study period among inpatients, but preadmission use decreased substantially. The Massachusetts Poison Information Center observed a 36% increase in calls concerning aspirin from 1976 to 1977 and 1977 to 1978, similar to the increase in all calls, but acetaminophen calls increased by 87%. Long standing concerns about the toxic effects of aspirin, coupled with recent concerns about hepatotoxic effects of acetaminophen in overdose, may be leading physicians and parents to decrease the use of both drugs for the treatment of fever. PMID- 7124708 TI - Abstracts submitted for 47th annual convention, American College of Gastroenterology. October 24-27, 1982, New York City. PMID- 7124705 TI - Apneic seizures in the newborn. AB - Electroclinical features of convulsive apnea and its relation to the behavioral state were described on the basis of polygraphic recordings from 21 newborns with various underlying disorders, including perinatal anoxia, purulent meningitis, and intracranial bleeding. The most frequent ictal discharges were rhythmic alpha waves, but other types of discharges, such as repeated sharp waves, rhythmic theta waves, delta waves, and repeated paroxysmal wave complexes, were also frequently seen. The area where the ictal discharges initially occurred or were most prominent was the temporal area, suggesting the limbic origin of apneic seizures. In more than half of the cases, the sleep cycle was abolished. In those cases where the sleep cycle was preserved, the seizures occurred most frequently in active sleep, but never in quiet sleep. PMID- 7124707 TI - Sexual contact in children with gonorrhea. AB - This study was performed to determine if gonorrheal infections in children aged 1 to 12 years were frequently associated with sexual contacts. In our study all 14 children who had gonorrhea and who were over 4 years of age and 35% (six) of the 17 children who had gonorrhea and who were between 1 and 4 years old were found to have had sexual contact with older males who were almost always in the extended family. Our study supports the concept that gonorrhea in children over 4 years old is almost always associated with sexual contact. In children between 1 and 4 years old, a history of sexual contact is more difficult to obtain but may be elicited in more than a third of the cases. Hospitalization of the children and identification of extended family members with gonorrhea, followed by additional interviews, were useful procedures in determining who had had sexual contact with the children. PMID- 7124706 TI - Epidemiologic factors in sexual abuse of boys. AB - To increase understanding of sexual abuse in boys, we reviewed records of 142 victimized boys ranging in age from 6 months to 17 years. They represented 14% of victims under 18 years of age during a four-year period. Most had histories of single assaults (87%) that involved attempted anal intercourse (78%) by know assailants (59%). Half of the assaults were violent, with evidence of trauma found in 24%. Patterns of abuse were associated with the victim's age and the assailant-victim relationship. Younger victims reported more non-stranger assaults, less violence, and less anal intercourse. Assaults by strangers tended to involve older children and more violence and to occur away from home. Male children are at significant risk of sexual abuse, often at younger ages than girls. Consequences of sexual abuse remain unknown, but may relate to future child abuse. PMID- 7124709 TI - Consumption of alcohol and tobacco and other risk factors for pancreatitis. AB - Histories of alcohol and tobacco consumption and other potential risk factors were obtained from 98 patients with pancreatitis and 451 comparison patients at 11 large hospitals in Eastern Massachusetts and Rhode Island between 1975 and 1979. The great majority of the patients with pancreatitis had chronic or recurrent disease. From the comparison patients were excluded patients with other diseases of the pancreas and biliary tract and those admitted for disorders known to be associated with smoking or alcohol use. A statistically significant association of pancreatitis with alcohol use was present in males, but not in females. Cigarette use was very strongly associated with pancreatitis in males and less so in females. The associations with alcohol and cigarette use were independent, each retaining significance after adjustment for the other. There was no significant association of risk with coffee consumption in either sex. A history of biliary tract disease was given by 45 per cent of the male and 60 per cent of the female cases. The associations with alcohol use and cigarette smoking did not appear to be restricted either to the patients with or those without a history of biliary tract disease. Chronic or recurrent pancreatitis appears to have different dominant etiologies in males and females. PMID- 7124710 TI - Outcome of delivery subsequent to induced vacuum-aspiration abortion in parous women. AB - In a historical prospective study covering 1970-1978, the authors evaluated the outcome of delivery to 429 parous women subsequent to a legally induced first trimester vacuum-aspiration abortion during 1970-1975 in Uppsala County, Sweden. This outcome was compared with the outcome of delivery to 391 randomly chosen matched parous women and that of all parous women in Sweden in 1975. Confounding variables were controlled for in multiple regression analysis using infant birth weight and gestational duration as dependent variables. In this analysis, no harmful effects of vacuum-aspiration abortion were found. Pre-term deliveries and low birth weight infants did not occur more frequently after such abortions. The study did not disclose any association between vacuum-aspiration abortion in parous women and an unfavorable outcome of subsequent delivery. PMID- 7124711 TI - Etiology of viral hepatitis in American soldiers. AB - To define better which types of hepatitis are prevalent among American soldiers, the authors studied 413 separate episodes of acute viral hepatitis among 412 soldiers admitted to US Army hospitals during 1978-1979. Most soldiers (68.8%) had acute hepatitis B (estimated annual hospitalization rate: 5.41/1000 soldiers in West Germany, 2.51/1000 in South Korea, less than 1/1000 in the United States). Subtype ayw was predominant in Germany, whereas adr was predominant in South Korea. Hepatitis B was more often associated with contact history or parenteral use of drugs in West Germany than in South Korea (p less than 0.001). Non-A, non-B hepatitis accounted for 27% of cases in West Germany (2.16/1000), but only 3% in South Korea (0.11/1000); hepatitis A only 15% in South Korea (0.48/1000) and 1% in West Germany (0.08/1000). These findings indicate that hepatitis B is the most prevalent form of viral hepatitis among US soldiers worldwide but also suggest substantial differences in the epidemiology of this infection in South Korea and West Germany. Such data will be useful in developing hepatitis B immunization policy within the military. PMID- 7124712 TI - Prevalence of antibody to hepatitis A in Iceland in relation to age, sex, and number of notified cases of hepatitis. AB - The prevalence of antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) was investigated in 623 outpatients in Iceland. No difference in anti-HAV prevalence according to sex or rural vs. urban residence was found. The prevalence rates in different age groups were found to be comparable to those in the Scandinavian countries, increasing from 1.6% (1/63) in persons below 20 years of age to 66% (51/77) in persons above 60 years of age. The numbers of notified cases of hepatitis (epidemic jaundice) in Iceland during the 20th century showed a pattern of repeated epidemics up to the early 1950s, after which low rates were noted. The incidence of hepatitis dropped 30-fold during the 20th century. Persons born after the latest epidemic in 1952 were positive for anti-HAV in only 4.7% (7/150). PMID- 7124713 TI - A seroepidemiologic study of hepatitis B in a rural area in Israel. AB - The prevalence rates of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to the surface antigen (anti-HBs), and antibody to the core antigen (anti-HBc) were studied in a rural population near Jerusalem in 1979-1980. Sera were systematically collected from 1411 individuals (33.0% of the total population) living in 10 villages populated by five Jewish ethnic groups (Cochins from India, Yemenites, Moroccans, Kurds from Iraq, and Ashkenazis). Evidence of existing or previous infection with hepatitis B virus was detected in 446 individuals (31.6%); of these, 3.3% were carriers of HBsAg, 24.1% were positive for anti-HBs, and 4.3% were positive for anti-HBc alone. Analysis in a log linear model revealed increasing hepatitis B virus infection with age and higher carrier rates among males. Hepatitis B virus infection was significantly lower among the Cochins and Ashkenazis, regardless of place of birth. Variation in the hepatitis B virus infection rate in the villages was completely accounted for by differences among the ethnic groups. These ethnic differences probably reflect the endemicity of hepatitis B virus infection in the various world regions from which the ethnic groups originate. PMID- 7124714 TI - Possible factors influencing distribution and prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus in Utah. AB - A descriptive epidemiologic study was designed to test an impression that infections of Echinococcus granulosus in dogs, sheep, and human beings were concentrated in central Utah, and to determine when and how the parasite was introduced into the state, which factors were involved in the distribution of the cestode, and which factors increased either a person's risk of infection of the number of people at risk. Data were secured by review of available records, interviews, questionnaires, and field observations. It was found that 37 of 39 infections in human beings, and seven of eight counties with endemic hydatid disease in dogs and sheep, are located in central Utah. Possible factors responsible for the increasing number of people at risk were use of local people as herders, the existence of community herds, and specific dog management practices. Determinants such as trailing sheep between seasonal pastures, association of sheepmen from several counties on winter range, and sheep marketing practices undoubtedly influence distribution of infections in dogs and sheep. PMID- 7124715 TI - Spouse concordance for fasting plasma glucose in non-diabetics. AB - Spouse concordance for fasting plasma glucose was determined in 1710 currently married spouse pairs from a retired community in Southern California who had married durations of from 1 year to more than 40 years. A highly significant concordance was found in marriages of all durations, with the highest concordance in marriages of short duration. Concordance for fasting plasma glucose was not explained by concordance for education, obesity, cigarette smoking, ingestion of whole milk or eggs, the use of antihypertensive medications or a family history of heart disease. Nor was the observed spouse concordance due to selective mortality of discordant spouse pairs. Although there was significant seasonal variation in fasting plasma glucose levels, spouse concordance was not entirely a function of seasonality of sampling. The data suggest that concordance for other environmental attributes--possibly specific nutrients--is responsible for fasting plasma glucose concordance. PMID- 7124716 TI - Response tendencies, ethnicity, and depression scores. AB - The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale was given to a sample of whites, blacks, and Mexican-Americans residing in Alameda County, California, in 1978. Scores on the scale were analyzed to see whether or not a potentially important source of bias called response tendencies affected prevalence estimates and associations between symptom scores and demographic variables. Response tendencies were found to be differentially correlated with symptom scores by ethnic status; however, their effects were not of sufficient magnitude to alter most associations observed between symptom scores and demographic variables. The need for further methodological studies to clarify the definitions of concepts such as "depression" is discussed. PMID- 7124717 TI - Leukocyte counts and coronary heart disease in a Japanese cohort. AB - Coronary heart disease incidence during 1958-1974, in a cohort of Hiroshima and Nagasaki residents, was found to relate significantly (p = 0.01) to total leukocyte count, taken an average of two years earlier. Relative risks, as a function of leukocyte count, did not appear to depend on sex or cigarette smoking status, but may be larger for subjects less than 65 years of age than for older persons. This study examines, for the first time, differential leukocyte counts and percentages in relation to coronary heart disease incidence. Both neutrophil count and eosinophil count significantly relate to coronary heart disease incidence, while there is also a suggestion for a relationship with monocyte count. A possible immunopathologic basis for such associations is mentioned. It will be important for other studies to confirm these relationships, however, as the present data do not allow one to clearly show the relative risk, at a specified total leukocyte count, to depend on the differential leukocyte fractions. Available data also leave uncertainty concerning the "independence" of leukocyte counts in the specification of coronary heart disease risk, relative to such known risk factors as cigarette smoking habits and serum cholesterol levels. PMID- 7124718 TI - Causes of death in a widowed population. AB - Causes of death of widowed and married were compared in a nonconcurrent prospective study in Washington County, Maryland, which identified 4032 white persons aged 18 years and over who were enumerated in a 1963 nonofficial census and who became widowed between 1963 and 1974, and an equal number of married persons, each matched to a widowed person as to race, sex, year of birth, and geography of residence. Underlying causes of death were obtained from the death certificates of those who had died. Deaths from infectious diseases, accidents, and suicide were significantly higher than expected among widowed males, and deaths from cirrhosis of the liver were significantly higher than expected among widowed females. The similarity in causes of death of the widowed and their predeceased spouses was no greater than expected to occur by chance. There was no indication that widowed males or females suffering from chronic diseases, as defined by duration of underlying causes of death being two years or more, suffered earlier mortality after bereavement than others. PMID- 7124719 TI - Foodborne outbreak of group G streptococcal pharyngitis. AB - An outbreak of pharyngitis associated with beta-hemolytic streptococci of Lancefield group G occurred among persons who had attended a convention that was held June 21-24, 1979, in a Florida hotel. Seventy-two (31 per cent) of 231 interviewed conventioneers were ill. Group G streptococci were isolated from the throats of 10 (63 per cent) of 16 persons with pharyngitis and 1 (2 per cent) of 41 persons without pharyngitis (p less than 10(-5)). Antistreptolysin O titers in convalescent-phase serum samples from persons with pharyngitis were significantly higher than those from age-matched controls. Fifty-seven (51 per cent) of 111 conventioneers who had attended a convention luncheon developed pharyngitis compared with 12 (10 per cent) of 117 persons who did not (p less than 10(-9)). All persons who had attended the luncheon and had become ill had eaten a chicken salad served at the luncheon. Their median incubation period was two days. The cook who had prepared this chicken salad developed pharyngitis after the luncheon and had a throat culture positive for group G streptococci. No instances of rheumatic fever were identified and secondary illness in household contracts was rare. This outbreak indicates that group G streptococci can cause outbreaks of pharyngitis similar to those caused by group A streptococci and suggests that penicillin therapy and prophylaxis may not be needed. PMID- 7124720 TI - Neonatal mortality in Utah. AB - A cohort study of neonatal mortality (N = 106) in white singleton births (N = 14,486) in Utah for January-June 1975 was conducted. Using membership and activity in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS or Mormon) as a proxy for parental health practices, i.e., tobacco and alcohol abstinence, differential neonatal mortality rates were calculated. The influence of potential confounding factors was evaluated. Low activity LDS members were found to have an excess risk of neonatal death five times greater than high activity LDS, with an upper bound of a two-sided 95% confidence interval of 7.9. The data consistently indicate a lower neonatal mortality rate for active LDS members. Non-LDS were found to have a lower rate than either medium or low activity LDS. PMID- 7124721 TI - On the need for the rare disease assumption in case-control studies. AB - The conditions under which matched and unmatched odds ratios are consistent estimators of the incidence-density ratio in case-control studies are examined. Under "incidence-density" sampling, in which controls are selected from those at risk at the time of onset of each case, the matched estimator is shown to be consistent. In contrast, the unmatched estimator is biased unless the proportion exposed in the population at risk is constant over the study period; the bias is, however, negligible unless there is very large variation in the proportion exposed. No assumption of rarity of the disease is needed for these results. On the other hand, when the risk ratio is the parameter of interest, the assumption of rarity is needed for the odds ratio to be a consistent estimator. In such situations, the odds ratio obtained under "incidence-density" sampling will in general provide a better approximation to the risk ratio than will the odds ratio obtained under "cumulative-incidence" sampling, in which controls are selected from those still unaffected at the end of the study period. Even if the disease is rare, however, the odds ratio obtained under cumulative sampling need not consistently estimate any parameter of interest unless the proportion exposed is approximately constant. PMID- 7124722 TI - Aluminum associated bone disease: clinico-pathologic correlation. AB - A chemical, aurine tricarboxylic acid was used to identify aluminum in bone in a group of chronic renal failure patients with severe osteomalacia. Thirteen out of 49 (26%) patients had a positive stain at the bone-osteoid junction. The presence of aluminum at the staining site was confirmed by electron dispersion x-ray analysis. The patients' biopsies staining negative with this clinical, although having high bone aluminum levels, had more significant features of hyperparathyroidism, both biochemically and histologically than those having a positive stain. The usefulness of this technique to diagnose presymptomatic aluminum related osteomalacia is emphasized. PMID- 7124723 TI - Retroperitoneal fibrosis presenting as spontaneously reversible renal failure. AB - Three patients are reported who presented with severe oliguric renal failure due to retroperitoneal fibrosis and obstructive uropathy in whom spontaneous diuresis and recovery of renal function took place, a course resembling acute tubular necrosis. There were, however, several clinical and laboratory findings that provided clues to the presence of obstructive uropathy. Two of the three patients had low back or abdominal pain. All three patients presented with anemia and significant hyperkalemic, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis with only a small increase in anion gap and two of the patients had an inappropriately high urine pH. Neither tubular cell casts nor pigmented granular casts were identified in the urine in any of the patients. In all three patients the urine output increased from oliguric levels to 1400 - 2000 ml/day within 1 day associated with rapidly improving renal function. This report demonstrates and reinforces the need to rule out obstruction in all patients with renal failure of unknown etiology and adds retroperitoneal fibrosis to the list of diseases associated with renal failure and spontaneous recovery. PMID- 7124724 TI - Hemoglobinuria after fraternity hazing. AB - We describe a 19-year-old male who presented with traumatic hemoglobinuria. We hypothesize that this patient has a genetic haptoglobin variant with a low hemoglobin binding capacity which resulted in hemoglobinuria after physical fraternity hazing. A review of the literature regarding traumatic hemoglobinuria supports the association between decreased baseline plasma haptoglobin levels and hemoglobinuria after trauma. PMID- 7124727 TI - Controversy in renal disease: dialysis-induced hypotension. PMID- 7124725 TI - Nasal and cutaneous flora among hemodialysis patients and personnel: quantitative and qualitative characterization and patterns of Staphylococcal carriage. AB - Staphylococcal sepsis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients. We studied nasal and cutaneous flora of HD patients and personnel and their patterns of staphylococcal carriage. HD patients had significantly increased cutaneous total bacterial colony counts (p less than 0.01) as well as both nasal (p less than 0.0001) and cutaneous (p less than 0.0001) carriage of Staphylococcus aureus compared to personnel. Cutaneous staphylococcal carriage could be significantly correlated with nasal carriage (p less than 0.01). Cutaneous streptococcal species and gram-negative bacilli were not different between patients and personnel. Staphylococcal phage typing of nasal isolates from staphylococcal carriers revealed a mean of 90% of isolates from each subject belonging to a predominant phage type. Predominant nasal staphylococcal phage types corresponded with respective predominant cutaneous phage types in 93% of HD patients carriers. These studies substantiate autoinoculation of S. aureus from the nasal vestibule to the skin overlying the vascular access site. PMID- 7124726 TI - Acute therapy of hemodialysis-related muscle cramps. AB - A double blind controlled trial of acute therapy for hemodialysis-related muscle cramps was undertaken. Cramps were graded by the subjects as moderate or severe. Fifty milliliter doses of one of three solutions were given intravenously in random fashion to 20 patients suffering a total of 100 episodes of muscle cramps. The solutions used were: (1) 7.05% NaCl (osmotic activity equivalent to 15 ml of 23.5% NaCl); (2) 50% dextrose; and (3) 5% dextrose. Relief after 3 min was reported by the subjects as complete, partial, or none. Osmotically similar concentrations of dextrose and NaCl were shown to be equally effective in providing relief of hemodialysis-related muscle cramps; both were superior to 5% dextrose. PMID- 7124728 TI - A critical examination of dialysis-induced hypotension. PMID- 7124729 TI - Fifteen-year experience with screening for phenylketonuria with an automated fluorometric method. AB - An automated fluorometric method, rather than the Guthrie test, has been used in North Carolina for neonatal screening for phenylketonuria (PKU). Although there is no testing law, 97% of newborn infants are screened. Twelve children with PkU, not referred for dietary management, were born before the screening program was established, were born elsewhere, or were successfully identified at birth but not referred for treatment. None was missed because of laboratory error or because of the lack of a testing law. Positive skewing was noted among initial blood phenylalanine levels of 49 infants with PKU and severe hyperphenylalaninemia. Log transformations caused the values to be normally distributed and permitted the calculation of tolerance and confidence limits. These provided estimates of the percentage of phenylketonuric infants whose initial blood levels might fall below any given cutoff value. PMID- 7124730 TI - Heritable fragile sites on human chromosomes. IX. Population cytogenetics and segregation analysis of the BrdU-requiring fragile site at 10q25. AB - The frequencies of the bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-requiring fragile site at 10q25 in 1,026 unselected neonates, 901 patients referred for chromosome studies, and 87 institutionalized retardates were not significantly different from each other. The gene frequency was .013, and the population was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Segregation analysis confirmed that the fragile site followed codominant inheritance. This fragile site and its nonfragile allelomorph can be considered to constitute the first true chromosomal polymorphism to be described in man. PMID- 7124734 TI - Parental recessive allele frequency and recessive survival rate in human genetic disorders. AB - Undetected prenatal losses of homozygous recessives suggest a need for an approach to estimation of parental recessive allele frequency (q) that avoids the observed filial recessive frequency (R) in calculation. This need is met by the equation q = H/(2D + H), in which D and H represent observed filial homozygous dominant and heterozygote frequencies, respectively. Survival (w) of recessive offspring between conception and time of detection can then be estimated with the equation w = 4DR/H(2). PMID- 7124732 TI - Congenital malformations and developmental disabilities in ataxia-telangiectasia, Fanconi anemia, and xeroderma pigmentosum families. AB - Heterozygous carriers of an ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T), Fanconi anemia (FA), or xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) gene may be predisposed to some of the same congenital malformations or developmental disabilities that are common among homozygotes. To test this hypothesis, medical records, death certificates, and questionnaires from 27 A-T families, 25 FA families, and 31 XP families were reviewed. Eleven XP blood relatives (out of 1,100) were found with moderate or severe unexplained mental retardation, a significant excess compared to the FA and A-T families (3/1,439). There were four microcephalic XP blood relatives and none in the FA or A-T families. In the A-T families, idiopathic scoliosis and vertebral anomalies were in excess, while genitourinary and distal limb malformations were found in the FA families. A-T, FA, or XP heterozygotes may constitute an important proportion of individuals at risk for specific malformations or developmental abnormalities. PMID- 7124731 TI - Patterns of DNA replication of human chromosomes. II. Replication map and replication model. AB - Combining higher resolution chromosome analysis and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation, our study demonstrates that: (1) Human chromosomes synthesize DNA in a segmental but highly coordinated fashion. Each chromosome replicates according to its innate pattern of chromosome structure (banding). (2) R-positive bands are demonstrated as the initiation sites of DNA synthesis in all human chromosomes, including late-replicating chromosomes such as the LX and Y. (3) Replication is clearly biphasic in the sense that late-replicating elements, such as G-bands, the Yh, C-bands, and the entire LX, initiate replication after it has been completed in the autosomal R-bands (euchromatin) with minimal or no overlap. The chronological priority of R-band replication followed by G-bands is also retained in the facultative heterochromatin or late-replicating X chromosome (LX). Therefore, the inclusion of G-bands as a truly late-replicating chromatin type or G(Q)-heterochromatin is suggested. (4) Lateral asymmetry (LA) in the Y chromosome can be detected after less than half-cycle in 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd), and the presence of at least two regions of LA in this chromosome is confirmed. (5) Finally, the replicational map of human chromosomes is presented, and a model of replication chronology is suggested. Based on this model, a system of nomenclature is proposed to place individual mitoses (or chromosomes) within S phase, according to their pattern of replication banding. Potential applications of this methodology in clinical and theoretical cytogenetics are suggested. PMID- 7124735 TI - Evidence that structural variants within the human delta-globin protein may reflect genetic interactions between the delta- and beta-globin genes. PMID- 7124736 TI - Amniotic-fluid-cell-culture failure and syringe toxicity revisited. PMID- 7124733 TI - Genetic evidence for the inactivation of a human autosomal locus attached to an inactive X chromosome. AB - Mouse-human cell hybrid clones retaining an inactive translocated chromosome involving the human X and 13 were isolated. Esterase D, a marker on the segment of chromosome 13 translocated to the X, was not expressed in these clones. These results provide genetic evidence for the spreading of inactivation into the autosomal segment in an inactive human X-autosome translocation. PMID- 7124737 TI - Lymphocyte culture failure due to toxic tubes. PMID- 7124738 TI - Incidence of omphalocoele. PMID- 7124739 TI - Zymbal gland carcinomas in rats following exposure to benzene by inhalation. PMID- 7124741 TI - Incremental value of oblique chest radiographs in the diagnosis of asbestos induced pleural disease. AB - To assess the value of oblique chest radiographs in the diagnosis of asbestos related pleural disease, we identified 100 asbestos-exposed construction workers and provided separate interpretations of the postero-anterior (PA), left anterior oblique (LAO), and right anterior oblique (RAO) projections using the International Labour Office (ILO) system. We found that the LAO projection identified left-sided pleural thickening more effectively than the PA view and the RAO view improved diagnosis of right-sided disease comparably. Of 62 cases of bilateral pleural thickening, only 43 (68%) were diagnosed by the PA projection alone. The increased diagnostic efficiency of approximately 50% in identifying bilateral pleural thickening appears to justify the routine use of oblique chest films in screening asbestos-exposed populations. Since bilateral pleural thickening among asbestos-exposed workers is an indicator of significant asbestos exposure and increased risk of other asbestos-induced conditions, early detection of this abnormality can lead to interventions designed to reduce asbestos-related morbidity and mortality. PMID- 7124742 TI - Assessment of lead health hazards in a body shop of an automobile assembly plant. AB - This study of an occupationally lead-exposed group in the automobile assembly industry (body shop employees) has provided information with regard to current and recent lead-exposure levels characteristic for these operations. Comparison with findings in other, previously studied occupational groups (secondary smelter workers) indicated that current and recent lead exposure was significantly lower in the autobody shop employees. Prevalence of symptoms was found to be higher than in a control, non-lead-exposed group of maintenance workers in the same plant, but the differences reached the level of statistical significance only sporadically. Long-term effects on renal function, as reflected in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels, were documented to be significant in this group of autobody shop employees. When compared with two secondary lead smelter populations previously studied, correlations between indicators of renal function, BUN and creatinine, and duration of lead exposure were consistently higher in the secondary lead smelter populations than in the group of autobody shop employees, although duration of lead exposure was greater in the latter. These findings are consistent with a dose-response relationship with regard to renal function impairment due to lead absorption. An increased prevalence of hypertension, especially diastolic, was also found, probably the consequence of renal effect. PMID- 7124740 TI - Flame-attenuated fiberglass: another asbestos? PMID- 7124743 TI - The possible role of direct ingestion on the overall absorption of cadmium or arsenic in workers exposed to CdO or As2O3 dust. AB - Six volunteers (two office and four cadmium (Cd)-exposed workers, all nonsmokers) from an electric condenser factory participated in a study involving the measurement of cadmium in air and in dust, the evaluation of hand and mouth contamination by cadmium, and the determination of fecal cadmium. The mean levels of total airborne cadmium measured with static and personal samplers were for the exposed workers 9.5 and 16.7 microgram/m3, respectively, and for the office workers 0.3 and 0.5 microgram/m3, respectively. In the office workers, hand contamination by Cd hardly changes over the workday (less than 10 microgram/hand), whereas in the exposed workers important hand contamination by Cd was observed (up to 1,200 microgram/hand during the workday and up to 300 microgram/hand before lunch or before leaving the factory). Mouth contamination by Cd is rather similar in both groups on Monday morning, but increases 20- to 50 fold on Friday afternoon in the Cd workers against a slight increase for the office workers. The concentration of Cd in the feces was not much different between Sunday and Friday in the office workers, whereas in the exposed workers it was higher on Friday than on Sunday. There is suggestive evidence from a comparative study of fecal cadmium in two Cd-exposed volunteers who carried out their jobs with and without gloves that direct cadmium intake from hand contamination may contribute to the overall Cd absorption. A limited study in a glassware factory (As2O3 exposure) involving the measurement of total airborne arsenic, the determination of urinary arsenic, and the evaluation of hand and mouth contamination by arsenic before and after the workshift suggests that the high urinary arsenic levels (300 microgram/g creatinine) are likely to be more related to an increased oral intake from contaminated hands than to an increased absorption from the lungs. PMID- 7124744 TI - Radiographic progression of asbestosis. PMID- 7124746 TI - Some thoughts on the constitutionality of good samaritan statutes. AB - Good samaritan laws provide legal immunity to persons who assist in medical emergencies. Because good samaritan laws eliminate the common law right of victims to secure redress for their injuries, these statutes raise certain constitutional questions. The Article begins by examining the vulnerability of good samaritan statutes to federal constitutional attack on substantive due process and equal protection grounds. It then considers the susceptibility of such laws to state constitutional attack on the same grounds. The Article concludes that while such statutes are not likely to violate federal substantive due process and equal protection provisions, they may be held unconstitutional on similar state grounds. PMID- 7124745 TI - Legal consequences of disposable dialyzer reuse. AB - This Article discusses potential legal liability for adverse effects resulting from reuse of disposable hemodialysis equipment. After explaining the dialysis process and the health risks involved with the reuse of dialyzers, the Article outlines possible theories of recovery for injured dialysis patients. The Article describes the possibility of recovery under a negligence theory against either the treating physician or the institutional provider, and includes a discussion of applicable statutory law. The remainder of the Article discusses possible recovery under the theory of strict liability. PMID- 7124747 TI - Antitrust implications of chiropractic Peer Review Committees. AB - Peer Review Committees (PRCs) that aid insurance companies in evaluating chiropractic treatments and fees have been the focus of recent court challenges. Some practitioners have argued that PRC activities constitute price fixing in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act. PRCs have been successful thus far in claiming an exemption from antitrust scrutiny as a "business of insurance" within the meaning of the McCarran-Ferguson Act. This Note contends that PRCs are not exempt from antitrust regulation; since PRCs do not spread risks and are involved in inter- rather than intra-industry agreements, their activities do not fall within the narrowly defined "business of insurance" exemption. The Note then analyzes the merits of the price fixing allegations under both the "per se" standard and the " rule of reason." First, the Note concludes that the unique nature of the health care market and the legitimate functions served by peer review make the application of a per se standard inappropriate. Second, under the rule of reason, the Note indicates that peer review encourages efficient and innovative health care practices while it deters the escalation of health care costs. The Note concludes that the net effect of peer review is not anticompetitive, especially since PRCs lack the coercive power to compel compliance with the recommendations. PMID- 7124749 TI - Gentamicin in fixed dosages. PMID- 7124748 TI - Subjecting hospitals to truth in lending disclosure requirements: Bright V. Ball Memorial Hospital. AB - The federal Truth in Lending Act requires creditors to comply with complex disclosure requirements whenever they engage in consumer credit transactions. In light of procedures adopted by hospitals and health care professionals which permit payment for services over time, there is some question as to whether these groups may be considered creditors within the meaning of the Act and therefore subject to the Act's disclosure requirements. In Bright v. Ball Memorial Hospital, the Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit concluded that a hospital can be a creditor with respect to certain hospital-patient transactions. However, the court found that the defendant had not consummated consumer credit transactions with the plaintiffs and consequently had not violated the Act by failing to make disclosures. This Case Comment contends that although the court correctly determined that a hospital, in certain circumstances, may be subject to the Act, it incorrectly held that Ball Memorial failed to consummate consumer credit transactions with the plaintiffs. This Case Comment also discusses the circumstances under which a hospital should be considered a creditor for purposes of the Truth in Lending Act and recommends that hospitals offering installment payment plans routinely comply with disclosure requirements of the Act. PMID- 7124750 TI - Establishing a fee for handling investigational drug studies. AB - The administrative aspects of a pharmacy coordinated investigational drug service and its related costs are described. The policies and procedures for administering investigational drug studies were reviewed and divided into tasks. The staff involved were interviewed to determine the time they spent performing each task. The space for storage of the investigational drugs was measured. The personnel and storage costs were calculated. An average of five hours is required to coordinate pharmacy participation in a drug study. A drug information specialist spends about 1.5 hours/study developing a data sheet on the investigational drug. Record keeping time is approximately 11 hours/study. The total annual personnel cost is +177/study. The space for storing the drugs costs +15.50/year/study. The pharmacy department charges a fee of +200/year for its involvement in investigational drug studies. This does not include dispensing fees, which are charged to the patient. At this hospital, the revenue generated can support a pharmacist half-time or a technician full-time. PMID- 7124751 TI - Consultations with attorneys as a funding source for drug information centers. AB - The provision of legal consultations to attorneys as a method of generating income for a drug information center is described. The center established a formal, fee-based consultation service for lawyers after receiving several calls a month on a regular basis. During a six-month trial period, approximately 60% of the calls from lawyers were simple requests for information, such as the identification of a drug, drug dosage, or product availability. The remainder of the calls required formal written consultations, which had to be individualized to meet the attorneys' needs. The average length of these consultations was 2-3 pages including patient data, the request, response, conclusions, and 10-15 citations from the medical/pharmaceutical literature. No fees were charged for the requests that could be handled on the phone. For the preparation of a written consultation with references, the lawyers were billed +100/hr. Conferences with attorneys before preparing a request were also billed at +100/hr. If a deposition was required after the consultation services in the state's law journals and various legal publications. The majority of the attorneys who used the service indicated that they would probably use it again. The center found the provision of legal consultations to attorneys to be an effective mechanism for generating additional revenue. PMID- 7124752 TI - Self-study program on drug information for staff pharmacists. AB - A self-study inservice educational program on drug information resources was designed to improve staff pharmacist competence in responding to drug information requests. Pharmacists attended two introductory sessions in the drug information center (DIC) that focused on available resources and the systematic search process. Each pharmacist also spent an eight-hour work period in the DIC. Twenty four hours of regular staff time was allowed for each pharmacist to complete a self-study manual. The manual consisted of three section: (1) discussion of selected references; (2) assignments based on common types of drug information questions; and (3) assignments that required the use of indexing and abstracting sources. Each pharmacist had to complete 50 questions during a 12-week period. The pharmacists were evaluated through pre- and post-tests and by the accuracy of answers to assignments in the manual. Six pharmacists initially participated in the program; five of them attained an average grade of more than 70 on the post test and assignments. Three new staff pharmacists now have also completed the program. The success of the program depended on the support of pharmacy administration, as well as the motivation of the participating pharmacists. This staff development program using a self-study manual has been an effective means for improving pharmacists' use of drug information resources. The manual is flexible to accommodate differences in the rate of staff development and it is a useful training tool for new pharmacists. PMID- 7124755 TI - Partners in progress. PMID- 7124753 TI - Reviewing the contract. AB - The process of preparing and reviewing a contract for a pharmacy computer system is described. The purpose of the contract is to establish rules governing the relationship between the vendor and the buyer. It should identify clearly the performance expectations of both parties. The contract negotiating process also allows each party to gain insight to the other's motives by way of responses to proposals for specific contract inclusions. Generally, the buyer should be wary of: (1) a vendor who insists that his form contract be signed without modification; (2) signing more than one contract with the same vendor; (3) vague, nonquantifiable performance criteria; (4) "best-efforts" warrantees; (5) an expectation that difficulties with the vendor can be solved if the remedy is not in the contract; and (6) acceptance upon delivery. The buyer should strive for: (1) a complete contract reflecting the nature of the business deal negotiated, (2) specific performance criteria, (3) warrantees of performance with meaningful remedies, and (4) payments tied to performance. The most important provision of the contract is the one that makes payment to the vendor contingent upon the actual demonstration of results. PMID- 7124754 TI - Use of a closed drug-delivery system with right atrial catheters in the pediatric patient. PMID- 7124756 TI - Treatment of hyperlipidemias: where do we stand? PMID- 7124757 TI - Genetic predisposition to cancer in man. Advantages and problems of central registration and screening of families at risk. PMID- 7124758 TI - Cardiac arrhythmias and conduction disturbances in the sleep apnea syndrome. Prevalence and significance. AB - The results of 24-hour continuous electrocardiographic monitoring of 23 patients with documented sleep apnea syndrome were reviewed to evaluate the prevelance of cardiac arrhythmias and conduction disturbances in this disorder. During sleep, marked sinus arrhythmia (more than 30 beats/min variation) was found in 18 patients. Extreme sinus bradycardia (heart rate less than 30 beats/min) and sinus pauses (more than 1.8 sec) were found in only two patients. First-degree and type I second-degree atrioventricular block were found in another patient. There was a decrease in grade of ventricular ectopy from wakefulness to sleep. These data suggest that the prevalence of serious arrhythmias and conduction disturbances during sleep in patients with the sleep apnea syndrome is much lower than previously reported. PMID- 7124759 TI - High uric acid and urea clearance in cirrhosis secondary to increased "effective vascular volume". AB - Since urea and uric acid clearance are affected by the effective intravascular volume, we measured the fractional urea and uric acid excretion in cirrhosis. High urea and uric acid clearances were observed in 30 and 55 percent, respectively, of 20 consecutive cirrhotic patients with normal renal function. In seven patients with a high fractional uric acid excretion, 5 mg of isosorbide dinitrate every four hours for 24 hours induced a significant increase in the serum uric acid level (from 3.7 +/- 0.8 mg/dl to 4.4 +/- 0.8 mg/dl; less than 0.001) with a concomitant decrease in the fractional uric acid excretion (from 14.0 +/- 3.2 percent to 8.8 +/- 3.1 percent; less than 0.02). During the same test, the blood urea level increased from 3.3 +/- 1.1 mmol/liter to 4.1 +/- 1.2 mmol/liter (p less than 0.005) with a decrease in fractional excretion from 51 +/ 4.5 percent to 39 +/- 5 percent (p less than 0.001). The oral intake of sulfinpyrazone in six of these patients induced a normal uricosuric response. In two cirrhotic patients with ascites, 40 mg of furosemide associated with a 24 hour severe water restriction was also shown to normalize the high fractional excretion of both urea and uric acid. In nine patients with ascites, we observed a significant increase in blood urea and uric acid concentration despite the absence of change in creatinine clearance once ascites was removed by diuretics. On the basis of these findings, we believe that the high fractional excretion of both urea and uric acid frequently observed in cirrhosis is related to an increase in the effective vascular volume. PMID- 7124762 TI - Hypodipsia in geriatric patients. AB - Hypernatremia in elderly patients is most often due to the patients mental incapacity or physical inability to obtain water despite intact thirst sensation. Hypodipsia leading to hypernatremia is not often considered in alert, elderly subjects since hypodipsia is not a recognized consequence of nonaphasia-producing cerebrovascular accidents. Described herein are six elderly patients who had such cerebrovascular accidents and who had recurrent hospitalizations for dehydration and hypernatremia. Hypernatremia in this group was due to hypodipsia and could only be prevented by prescribing daily fluid intake as a medication order. Hypodipsia should be considered as a cause of hypernatremia in elderly subjects even when they seem fully capable of requesting and obtaining water. PMID- 7124761 TI - Effect of coffee and cigarette smoking on the blood pressure of untreated and diuretic-treated hypertensive patients. AB - Patients with mild hypertension who habitually smoked cigarettes and consumed caffeine were examined after they abstained from caffeine and cigarettes overnight. Their mean blood pressure (147/89 mm Hg) was substantially lower than values recorded in the clinic (164/102 mm Hg) and remained so when they continued to abstain (149/94 mm Hg at two hours). Smoking two cigarettes (3.4 mg nicotine) elevated blood pressure by 10/8 mm Hg, but for only 15 minutes. Drinking coffee (200 mg caffeine) elevated blood pressure by up to 10/7 mm Hg between one and two hours. Combined coffee ingestion and cigarette smoking caused a sustained rise in blood pressure from 5 to 120 minutes to levels similar to those measured in the clinic (162/102 mm Hg at two hours). Similar results were obtained in thiazide treated patients. The interaction of coffee and cigarettes on blood pressure, but not on pulse rate, was significant. The pressor effect of cigarette smoking and caffeine ingestion in combination may be important in the evaluation of patients with mild hypertension. PMID- 7124763 TI - Legionnaires' disease: new clinical perspective from a prospective pneumonia study. AB - In an attempt to ascertain the incidence of Legionnaires' disease at our hospital, a prospective case-control pneumonia study was conducted for 11 months. Specialized diagnostic tests for Legionella pneumophila, including serologic study, direct immunofluorescent examination, and selective culture, were made routinely available in our hospital. To our surprise, L. pneumophila was the most common cause of pneumonia (22.5 percent) attributable to a single pathogen, followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae (10.6 percent). In 68.8 percent of the cases, Legionnaires' pneumonia was hospital-acquired. In contrast to other investigators, we found that abdominal pain, diarrhea, neurologic signs, abnormal liver function results, hypophosphatemia, and hematuria did not occur significantly more frequently in pneumonia caused by L. pneumophila than in that caused by other microorganisms. However, hyponatremia within five days of onset of pneumonia occurred significantly more frequently in Legionnaires' disease (p less than 0.0001). Since the clinical presentation is nonspecific, specialized laboratory tests are necessary to make the diagnosis. As a result of our experience, we suggest an approach using serologic tests as a screen to determine whether more specialized tests for Legionnaires' disease should be introduced into a hospital without previously recognized cases of Legionnaires' disease. PMID- 7124760 TI - Cardiac conduction abnormalities in Reiter's syndrome. AB - Reiter's syndrome was found in three men who presented with cardiac conduction disturbances. In two patients, Reiter's syndrome had been present for more than 30 years and had been previously unrecognized. These patients included a 67 year old man with complete heart block of 13 years' duration, and his son, who had left bundle branch block and chronic generalized cardiomyopathy. A chart review of 19 other patients with Reiter's syndrome who were seen at this institution disclosed five patients with conduction abnormalities. Transient first-degree heart block was the most common disturbance detected and was usually associated with active Reiter's syndrome. Some conduction abnormalities appeared after a long latent period at a time when other manifestations of Reiter's syndrome were inactive. An association with this disorder was therefore not obvious. In all five patients with Reiter's syndrome and conduction disturbances, testing for B27 antigen gave positive results. Both clinical and histopathologic changes in the heart in Reiter's syndrome are analogous to those in ankylosing spondylitis, also associated with B27 antigen. We suggest that the heart, like the joints and iris, may be a target organ for B27-associated disease by a mechanism that remains to be defined. PMID- 7124764 TI - Aspergillus antigen detection in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with invasive aspergillosis and aspergillomas. AB - Improved diagnostic techniques have been needed for pulmonary aspergillosis, a common opportunistic fungal infection with a high mortality rate. Radioimmunoassay was used in this study to detect Aspergillus antigen in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In four patients with invasive aspergillosis or aspergillomas, Aspergillus antigen was detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In two patients, results of fungal cultures were negative or delayed. The specificity of antigen detection in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was 91 percent in 35 control patients with a variety of pulmonary disorders. The technique or radioimmunoassay detection of microbial antigen in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid appears promising for the diagnosis of aspergillosis. PMID- 7124766 TI - Serial pulmonary function in systemic sclerosis. AB - The natural history of the pulmonary involvement in systemic sclerosis is not well studied. Reported here are the serial measurements of pulmonary function in a well defined population of patients with systemic sclerosis followed over a mean of 63 months. The mean rate of loss of vital capacity (0.10 liters per year) for the 38 patients serially studied was more than three times the expected rate of loss for a normal population. The mean rate of loss of diffusing capacity (0.33 ml/min/mm Hg per year) for the 27 patients serially studied was similar to that for a normal population. The percent forced vital capacity expired in the first second increased 0.53 percent per year consistent with a progressive restrictive ventilatory defect. Smokers tended to lose vital capacity at a slightly greater rate than nonsmokers (p = 0.069). Individual variability in the course of pulmonary function was observed. Although the overall trend in our population was towards a slowly progressive restrictive ventilatory defect, pulmonary function in the nonsmokers did not change at rates different from those in a nonsmoking reference population. PMID- 7124765 TI - Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules. Impact on thyroid practice and cost of care. AB - We studied the impact of fine-needle aspiration biopsy on the management of patients with solitary thyroid nodules. Sixty-four patients were examined before the introduction of fine-needle aspiration biopsy, and 147 patients were examined after its introduction. The percentage of patients who underwent thyroid operation decreased from 67 percent to 43 percent, while the yield of carcinoma increased from 14 percent to 29 percent. Cost of medical care per patient declined by 25 percent. The results suggest that fine-needle aspiration biopsy provides valuable information to assist in the selection for surgery of patients with solitary nodules. Fine-needle aspiration appears to be safe, reliable, and cost-effective. The merits of the technique commend it for routine use in the evaluation of thyroid nodules. PMID- 7124767 TI - Clinicopathologic conference. Pulmonary insufficiency in a 66 year old man with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7124770 TI - Successful treatment of skeletal hemangioma and Kasabach-Merritt syndrome with aminocaproic acid. Is fibrinolysis "defensive"? AB - A young man presented with a disabling skeletal hemangioma. Fibrinolysis seemed to be a major component of coagulopathy and persisted after steroid therapy and irradiation of the lesions. Three weeks after therapy with epsilon-aminocaproic acid, there was dramatic alleviation of pain and eventual disappearance of laboratory evidence of fibrinolysis. Epsilon-aminocaproic acid therapy was discontinued. The patient remained free from symptoms and coagulopathy. There was evidence of new bone formation nine months later. Fibrinolysis may be a primary or sustaining feature of hemangioma. Epsilon-aminocaproic acid may be beneficial in the treatment of selected patients with these lesions. PMID- 7124768 TI - The randomized controlled clinical trial. Scientific and ethical bases. AB - Randomized controlled trials are increasingly accepted in principle but not always in practice, particularly for surgical therapies. Successful surgical randomized controlled trials demonstrate their feasibility, and reports of uncontrolled surgical trials now commonly bear a statement that a definitive answer requires a controlled trial. Scientifically, the randomized controlled trial is the most powerful way to determine a result ascribable only to the trial treatment. Although randomized controlled trials can be imperfect or improperly conducted, they are designed to circumvent biased behavior by investigators. With candor in informed consent, the equal chance not to get a trial treatment makes the randomized controlled trial the most ethical design. Thus, scientific, behavioral, and ethical cases support the randomized controlled trial as the optimal method for investigation of nearly all therapeutic innovations and as a requirement for publication. PMID- 7124769 TI - Amyloidosis associated with renal cell carcinoma of the AA type. AB - Amyloid fibrils were found at postmortem examination in a 70 year old woman with generalized amyloidosis associated with renal carcinoma (hypernephroma). Clinically, her amyloid disease presented as nephrotic syndrome. It was demonstrated by electrophoretic and amino acid sequence analysis studies that the amyloid fibrils contained AA protein identical to that found in amyloidosis associated with chronic inflammatory and infectious diseases as well as in the genetic form of familial Mediterranean fever. PMID- 7124771 TI - Hemodynamic effects of vasodilator therapy in severe left heart failure combined with large atrial septal defects. AB - Two patients presented with severe left heart failure and large secundum atrial septal defects without severe pulmonary hypertension. The acute hemodynamic effects of two commonly used vasodilator agents, isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine, are described. Although isosorbide dinitrate improved systemic forward cardiac output, it also increased left-to-right intracardiac shunting in both patients. On the other hand, hydralazine dramatically improved systemic toward output and concomitantly diminished left-to-right shunt flow in each patient (43 and 21 percent). The complexities of combined severe left ventricular failure and a large atrial septal defect with left-to-right shunting, and the importance of extensive hemodynamic monitoring at the time of pharmacologic intervention, are discussed. PMID- 7124772 TI - Herpes simplex type 2 virus encephalitis presenting as psychosis. AB - The current literature recognizes two antigenic types of herpes simplex virus, type 1 and 2. Type 1 is the most common cause of sporadic necrotizing encephalitis in the United States, with a mortality rate of 30 to 70 percent, and leaves various neurologic sequelae in the survivors. Herpes simplex virus type 2 had been recognized as an etiologic agent in fatal infections in neonates and a mild meningitis in adults, but its role in encephalitis in adults is less well known. We report a case of herpes simplex virus type 2 encephalitis with an analysis of four additional cases previously documented in the literature. Herpes simplex virus type 2 may cause more infections than is presently recognized, and we suggest that some cases of acute psychosis may, like in our case, represent herpes simplex virus type 2 encephalitis. PMID- 7124773 TI - Activation of virilizing adrenal rest tissues by excessive ACTH production. An unusual presentation of Nelson's syndrome. AB - Nelson's syndrome occurs in 10 to 35 percent of patients treated for Cushing's disease by bilateral adrenalectomy and features an ACTH-producing pituitary tumor and hyperpigmentation. Cortisol-producing testicular tumors activated by markedly elevated ACTH levels have been described in male patients with Nelson's syndrome. We now describe a female patient with Nelson's syndrome who presented with virilization. Abdominal exploration revealed adrenal rest tumors in the paraovarian tissues and adrenal beds. Iodocholesterol scanning gave negative results. This case illustrates the need for follow-up study of patients with bilateral adrenalectomy for Cushing's disease and describes some of the unusual features these patients may present. PMID- 7124774 TI - The generalist: a jaundiced view. XIII. The bedpan gap. PMID- 7124776 TI - Circadian blood pressure patterns in ambulatory hypertensive patients: effects of age. AB - Circadian blood pressure monitoring was performed in 50 untreated ambulatory hypertensive patients to study the effects of age on the pattern and variability of blood pressure and heart rate. Casual blood pressure, measured in the morning, was greater than the average of the blood pressures measured at 7.5 minute intervals for 24 hours (148 +/- 2/95 +/- 2 and 137 +/- 2/88 +/- 2 mm Hg, p less than 0.001). The correlation between casual systolic pressure and the 24 hour average was stronger (p less than 0.05) in younger (less than 55 years of age) patients (r = 0.69, n = 24, p less than 0.001) than in older patients (r = 0.42, n = 26, p less than 0.1). Similarly, diastolic pressures correlated more strongly (p less than 0.05) in younger patients (r = 0.71, p less than 0.001) than in older patients (r = 0.43, p less than 0.05). Variability of systolic pressure, defined as the standard deviation of all readings obtained during 24 hours, was greater than that of diastolic pressure (16.7 and 13.1 mm Hg, respectively, p less than 0.001). Moreover, the variability of systolic pressure was greater in older than in younger patients (18.1 and 15.2 mm Hg, respectively, p less than 0.01). The variability of diastolic pressure was slightly but not significantly greater in older patients (13.7 and 12.5 mm Hg, not significant). The circadian pattern of blood pressure, expressed as averages of readings obtained during consecutive 2 hour intervals, was similar in the two age groups. However, the level of systolic pressure was consistently higher (p less than 0.01) and that of both diastolic pressure and heart rate consistently lower (p less than 0.01) in older patients. Thus, ambulatory circadian blood pressure monitoring reveals significant changes in blood pressure levels and its variability with age; the casual blood pressure does not accurately reflect these changes. Longer periods of blood pressure monitoring are required for accurate assessment of the characteristics of hypertension in the aged. PMID- 7124775 TI - Early peripheral responses to intravenous L-thyroxine in primary hypothyroidism. AB - The metabolic, cardiovascular, renal, and pulmonary responses of 10 hypothyroid patients were studied during the first week of therapy with intravenous levothyroxine (L-thyroxine), 100 micrograms per day. Mean serum thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and reverse triiodothyronine concentrations were normalized within four days. Significant decreases in serum thyrotropin, creatine phosphokinase, and cholesterol levels, and an increase in the basal metabolic rate, were observed. An early cardiovascular response was demonstrated by serial measurement of the mean pre-ejection period (138 to 134 msec, p less than 0.05), its ratio to left ventricular ejection time (0.49 to 0.46, p less than 0.02), and pulse-wave arrival time (236 to 224 msec, p less than 0.05). The mean renal excretion of a water load (four hours) increased (54 to 77 percent, p less than 0.02) by the fourth day. The blunted ventilatory responses to hypercapnea seen in two patients were improved. We conclude that a physiologic replacement dose of intravenous L-thyroxine for one week produces significant responses in organ systems responsible for the common clinical complications of myxedema. PMID- 7124777 TI - Therapeutic and economic value of a normal coronary angiogram. AB - A significant number of patients with severe angina or intractable atypical chest pain referred for coronary arteriography are found to have normal coronary vessels. To determine what therapeutic or economic benefit may be derived from these studies, we analyzed the data of 72 consecutive patients with normal vessels referred for cardiac catheterization because of severe chest pain. The clinical status and hospitalizations were analyzed for the 2 year period before and the 2 year period after angiography. There were no deaths or myocardial infarctions. Although 47 were thought to have angina and 25 atypical pain before catheterization, the chest pain was reclassified with only 15 continuing to have anginal pain, 40 atypical pain, and 17 no pain. Functional improvement by at least one New York Heart Association class occurred in 74 percent of patients with 36 (50 percent) having no functional limitation. The use of cardiac medications was also significantly reduced. Despite functional improvement, no change in employment states could be demonstrated. The use of medical facilities was significantly less, the average number of hospital days per patient declining from 17 to 3.9 and hospitalization decreasing from 1.5 to 0.4. The result was a significant decrease in estimated hospital costs. We conclude that in patients referred for coronary angiography for severe chest pain, documentation of a normal coronary arteriogram significantly alters the clinical assessment of symptoms, improves functional status, modifies medical therapy, and reduces hospitalization and medical costs. These therapeutic and economic benefits deserve consideration in the evaluation of coronary angiography for its overall effectiveness. PMID- 7124779 TI - Clinicopathologic Conference. Intra-abdominal malignancy and fasting hypoglycemia. PMID- 7124778 TI - Fungal infections in patients with acute leukemia. AB - We reviewed the records of 32 patients with acute leukemia and proved invasive fungal infections to determine the clinical and pathologic characteristics of systemic mycosis in patients undergoing intensive induction chemotherapy. The incidence of invasive fungal infections among our patients was at least 27 percent, and Candida and Aspergillus accounted for the majority of these infections. Patients with systemic candidiasis generally had prolonged severe neutropenia, fever refractory to antibiotics, and evidence of mucosal colonization by fungi. At autopsy, Candida was always widely disseminated. Patients with aspergillosis generally had neutropenia, fever, and pulmonary infiltrates at the time of admission to the hospital and, at autopsy, their infections were primarily confined to the lungs. Patients infected with both Candida and Aspergillus had clinical and pathologic findings that were a combination of the features of each type of infection. A diagnosis of invasive fungal infection was established before death in only nine of the patients, all of whom had systemic candidiasis. Four of these patients were successfully treated and survived their hospitalization. The reasons for frequently misdiagnosing and unsuccessfully treating systemic mycosis in patients with acute leukemia are examined, and suggestions are made for improved management of patients at high risk for these infections. These suggestions are based upon recognition of the clinical settings in which fungal infections occur, the aggressive use of invasive diagnostic procedures, and the early empiric use of amphotericin B. PMID- 7124781 TI - Computer technology: a reality in today's laboratories. PMID- 7124782 TI - Personal experiences with personal computers. PMID- 7124780 TI - Familial renal amyloidosis: case reports and genetic studies. AB - Rapidly progressive biopsy-proved renal amyloidosis developed in three brothers, aged 49, 52, and 55, or Irish-American origin. None had evidence of a plasma cell dyscrasia, a monoclonal serum or urine protein, or any underlying chronic disease. Immunoperoxidase staining of one pulmonary and one renal biopsy specimen was negative for Amyloid A (AA), Amyloid L (AL), and prealbumin. To investigate factors that might play a role in the disease, the subjects and 21 relatives were typed for antigens of the A, B, C, and DR loci and the linked marker genes for factor B and glyoxalase. The ability of macrophages to degrade serum amyloid A (SAA) [1] was examined. One brother yielded an intermediate AA-like produce similar to what is seen in most patients with AA or AL amyloidosis and 40 percent of normal subjects. The other two degraded SAA completely to small peptides. Analysis of the families revealed first that the disease was not linked to the major histocompatibility complex. We were unable to demonstrate a genetic relationship between processing of SAA by peripheral mononuclear cells and the human leukocyte antigen locus. Finally, the pattern of SAA degradation was not associated with the development of the disease. PMID- 7124784 TI - Using the proposed NCCLS protocol for evaluation of automated instruments. AB - We compared four instruments (Sequential Multiple Analyzer Computer (SMAC), AutoAnalyzer II (AAII), StatLyte, and PVA-4) for the determination of Na, K, Cl and CO2 using a protocol (PSEP-1) of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) for evaluation of precision and accuracy of automated instruments. The protocol was applied concurrently to all four instruments. NCCLS has revised this protocol into three separate protocols by which the manufacturer can make performance claims. Protocols specifically aimed at the user are now under development. Although PSEP-1 is no longer in use, many parts of it have been incorporated into PSEP-2, PSEP-3 and PSEP-4. This article will describe the adaptation of the protocol to evaluate four automated instruments in our laboratory. PMID- 7124783 TI - Clinically significant reference intervals. PMID- 7124786 TI - Hematologic manifestations and etiology of atrial myxoma. AB - We have investigated the case of a woman, 44 years of age, who presented with erythrocytosis, thrombocytopenia and a right axial myxoma. Surgical removal of the tumor allowed correction of all hematologic abnormalities. A serum erythropoietin level obtained from the right atrium of the patient during pre operative cardiac catheterization was twice those of 4 control patients (250 MIU vs. 131 MIU). Renal vein erythropoietin levels were normal. This implicates atrial myxomas as another tumor capable of erythropoietin production, and explains the heretofore mysterious polycythemia frequently reported to be associated with this tumor. PMID- 7124787 TI - Microtubules in PMNs from patients with familial Mediterranean fever. AB - Polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells derived from patients with Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) were evaluated in vitro for the function and concentration of their microtubules. Using the time-decay colchicine binding assay to determine the tubulin concentration in PMN cells, no difference was found in PMN cells derived from FMF patients in comparison with those from normal healthy subjects. Colchicine treatment had no effect on the detectable tubulin concentration in the cells. The mobility of fluorescent con A(F-con A)-receptor complexes on PMN membranes was used to test the function of the microtubules. PMNs from untreated FMF patients showed the same pattern of con A cap formation as seen in normal cells. PMNs derived from colchicine treated patients, however, showed 22-32% spontaneous cap formation. These cells also showed 10-30% more capping in comparison with normal or untreated FMF cells, for any given in vitro colchicine concentration, suggesting that at therapeutic doses, the colchicine does accumulate in the PMNs in vivo. We were unable to demonstrate a microtubule defect in the neutrophils from FMF patients in these studies. PMID- 7124785 TI - Evaluation of a metronidazole disk test for the presumptive identification of anaerobes. AB - A total of 632 bacterial strains recovered under anaerobic conditions from clinical specimens were tested from their susceptibility to metronidazole by a disk diffusion test using 5 micrograms metronidazole disks. Three-hundred-fifty five of the 632 bacterial strains exhibited susceptibility the metronidazole, and each was determined to be an obligate anaerobe. The remaining 277 isolates showed resistance to the 5 micrograms disk. Of these resistant strains, 257 were determined to be facultative anaerobes, while 20 (18 Propionibacterium acnes, one Peptostreptococcus sp., and one Peptococcus magnus) were identified as obligate anaerobes. Potential use of this disk diffusion test for identifying the anaerobic status of bacteria is discussed. PMID- 7124789 TI - Response of lupus nephritis to plasmapheresis without demonstration of circulating immune complexes. AB - A case of post-partum SLE in a 25-year-old Mexican-American woman is presented. The disease was associated with systemic vasculitis and diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis. Abundant evidence for the deposition of complement activating immune complexes was found in skin and kidney biopsies, but no circulating immune complexes could be measured. Therapeutic modalities including corticosteroids administered both orally and intravenously, azathioprine, antihypertensives, and hemodialysis failed to effectuate lasting benefit. Large volume plasmapheresis led to immediate improvement and a dramatic return of renal function. A mechanism of action for the resulting effect is considered. PMID- 7124788 TI - Emergence of acute non-lymphocytic leukemia in breast cancer patients. AB - The appearance of acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) in patients with other hematologic and non-hematologic malignancies is now a well recognized syndrome. These patients have an unusual form of leukemia with distinct clinical and morphological features. With improved therapy many cancer patients have experienced prolonged survival and cure. Some of these patients will develop ANLL as a consequence of their previous therapy, or for reasons associated with their primary tumor (host factors or common oncogenic virus). It is also possible that a fraction of these patients will develop the usual form of leukemia (de novo ANLL) that is unrelated to the underlying malignancy. Indeed, a statistical analysis assuming ANLL incidence rates to be unaffected by breast cancer or cancer therapy, predicted the occurrence of three new ANLL cases with a history of breast cancer in Wisconsin per year. Eleven patients with ANLL and a history of breast cancer were seen at the University Hospitals over a ten-year span (1969 1978). Clinical, morphological and cytogenetic features were examined and it was found that five of the eleven patients had features atypical for therapy related leukemia. Indeed, two of the patients had not received breast cancer therapy. The distinction between de novo and therapy related leukemia is important because remission and prolonged survival are more likely in the former and morbidity and mortality associated with therapy are more likely in the latter. We suggest that if features of de novo leukemia exist, despite previous therapy for underlying malignancy, intensive antileukemia therapy should be considered. PMID- 7124790 TI - Red blood cell alkalosis and decreased oxyhemoglobin affinity. AB - The behavior of the oxyhemoglobin curve was studied in ten patients with respiratory alkalosis (arterial [H+] less than 37 nM, pCO2 less than 32 mmHg and HCO-3 less than 22.0 mEq/L) and ten patients with metabolic alkalosis ([H+] less than 34 nM, pCO2 greater than 37 mmHg and HCO-3 greater than 28.0 mEq/L) to determine whether different alkalotic states similarly affect the red blood cell [H+] and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate interaction and thus the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin. The findings were statistically indistinguishable in respiratory alkalosis and metabolic alkalosis: a) low plasma [H+], normal red blood cell [H+], and high transmembrane [H+] gradient; b) elevated red blood cell 2,3 diphosphoglycerate inversely proportional to low arterial plasma [H+]; c) decrease in oxygen affinity of hemoglobin when normalized for plasma [H+], but less decreased when normalized for red blood cell [H+]. Other factors capable of affecting the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin were: mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; red blood cell adenosine triphosphate; carboxyhemoglobin; and methemoglobin were not significantly different between groups. These results: 1) agree with data previously reported from this laboratory on patients with portal systemic encephalopathy; 2) underscore the importance of RBC [H+] in defining the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin; 3) suggest the decrease in oxygen affinity of hemoglobin is mediated through the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate elevation; and 4) indicate the high transmembrane [H+] gradient is principally due to the cellular accumulation of [H+] (2,3-diphosphoglycerate ionization). PMID- 7124791 TI - Premium babies. PMID- 7124792 TI - Familial occurrence of hemifacial microsomia with radial limb defects. PMID- 7124794 TI - Male to male transmission of cerebral gigantism. PMID- 7124793 TI - Limb pterygium syndromes: a review and report of eleven patients. AB - Conditions with limb pterygia and congenital contractures were reviewed as part of a study of over 350 infants with arthrogryposis. Emphasis was placed on inheritance and variability of distinct pterygium conditions. Eleven patients with limb pterygia were recognized in our study and are described here. Seven of the 350 patients with congenital contractures had the autosomal recessively inherited multiple pterygium syndrome (Patients 1-7). Three of the seven are sibs, a fourth was born to consanguineous parents, and three were chance isolated cases. These seven had multiple joint webs, unusual finger contractures, syndactyly, rocker bottom feet, ptosis, antimongoloid slant of palpebral fissures, epicanthal folds, highly arched palate, scoliosis, and short stature. There is intrafamilial variability. Three patients from one family had a lethal multiple pterygium syndrome. Two were monozygotic twins. They had webbing and contractures of the elbows, knees, neck, and fingers, calcaneovalgus deformity of the feet, and an unusual facial appearance: hypertelorism, flat nose, antimongoloid slant of palpebral fissures, apparently low-set ears. One had a cleft palate. Internal malformations included: bilateral pulmonary hypoplasia, small heart, absence of the appendix, and attenuation of the ascending and transverse colon. One sporadic case of lethal popliteal pterygium with facial clefts was studied. Multiple anomalies included: ankyloblepharon filiforme adnatum, upslanting palpebral fissures, hypoplasia of nasal cartilages, frenula, clefts into the oropharynx lateral to the mouth, apparently low-set ears with slit-like canals, large popliteal pterygia, syndactyly with fusion of all digits in hands and feet, and hypoplastic labia. PMID- 7124795 TI - Psychological aspects of genetic counseling. II: Quantitative analysis of a transcript of a genetic counseling session. AB - The Bales system of scoring small group interactions was used to analyze a transcript of a preamniocentesis (genetic) counseling session in which a husband (H), wife (W), and a male counselor (C) participated. Scoring required the subdivision of communication into the smallest meaningful and scorable units, assigning each unit one of twelve possible category scores and designating the initiator and intended recipient(s) of the unit. The categories included "positive" and "negative" reactions, questions and attempted answers. Over half the units were found to consist of interactions in which information, orientation, and clarification were provided. C initiated 54% of all units of which three-quarters consisted of factual information regarding amniocentesis, genetic risks, Down syndrome, and mental retardation. C interacted significantly more frequently with W than with H, but units directed toward H were significantly more positive than those toward W. One interaction, in which C responded to affective material, significantly altered the subsequent frequency and direction of units; H became more verbal and there was an increase in further affective expression. Although evidence of persuasion was present, no directiveness was demonstrated. The data show that quantitative study of genetic counseling is feasible. Further research on different counseling styles and on the influence of specific interventions on later outcome has been undertaken. PMID- 7124796 TI - Does unequal crossing over contribute to the mutation rate in Duchenne muscular dystrophy? PMID- 7124797 TI - CNS anomalies and the midline as a "developmental field". PMID- 7124798 TI - Mortality risks of mentally retarded and mentally ill patients after a feeding gastrostomy. AB - Feeding gastrostomy procedures were performed on 9 mentally ill and 30 mentally retarded, institutionalized patients. The postoperative mortality was 0 percent (0/9) for the mentally ill and 13 percent (4/30) for the mentally retarded patients. Mortality within 1 year after the operation was 11 percent (1/9) for the mentally ill and 33 percent (10/30) for the retarded patients. This study revealed three important factors that affect mortality risks: the identification and elimination of a gastroesophageal reflux before surgery, the monitoring and improvement of the nutritional status both before and after surgery, and the evaluation and treatment of respiratory problems both before and after surgery. If care in these areas is improved, then the mortality risks for retarded patients will decrease. PMID- 7124800 TI - Effects of religiosity on public opinion about legal responsibility for mentally retarded felons. PMID- 7124799 TI - Importance of perceived similarity in improving children's attitudes toward mentally retarded peers. AB - Effects of perceived similarity on fifth- and sixth-grade children's attitudes toward mentally retarded peers were examined. Children were selected from schools that contained segregated classes of retarded pupils (exposed setting) and schools that had no retarded pupils enrolled (nonexposed). Attitudes were defined in terms of children's affective feelings and behavioral intentions. Results showed that children responded more positively toward a retarded target who was depicted as similar to them than toward one who was not. Unexpectedly, the positive effects of perceived similarity were observed only among children in the exposed schools. Also, girls were more positive toward a female target than boys were to a male target, regardless of whether the target was perceived as similar. The importance of developing strategies based on theories of interpersonal attraction to improve children's attitudes toward their retarded peers was discussed. PMID- 7124802 TI - Nonretarded and mentally retarded children's control over syntactic structures. PMID- 7124803 TI - Identification and recall of structurally important units in prose by mentally retarded learners. PMID- 7124801 TI - Assessing social cognition in young mentally retarded and nonretarded children. AB - The social-cognitive skills of 38 young retarded children ages 24 to 92 months were assessed on a set of communication tasks. Analyses examined (a) the relationship of social age and social communication, (b) whether performance levels indicate that the tasks conform to an ordinal sequence, and (c) the extent to which such a sequence would resemble that determined by performance of a nonretarded reference population. Tasks were also administered to 61 nonretarded children to replicate and extend the comparative data base of earlier findings. Each child was administered 23 nonverbal social communication tasks that assessed the skill domains of percept production (showing), percept deprivation (hiding), and percept diagnosis (gesturing). Results indicated that the social-cognitive skills of both retarded and nonretarded children were related to social age. Guttman scalogram analyses revealed that although the patterns were not identical for the two populations, communicative performance conformed to developmental patterns characterized by hierarchical sequences from simple to more complex forms. The findings are consistent with developmental theory and have diagnostic and therapeutic implications for young retarded children. PMID- 7124804 TI - Evaluating alternative techniques of questioning mentally retarded persons. AB - In an examination of methodological issues involved in interviewing retarded persons, alternatively worded or structured questions were embedded in interviews with three samples. Questioning techniques were evaluated according to the extent to which (a) interviewees could provide answers, (b) their answers agreed with parallel responses given by attendants or parents, and (c) answers were free of systematic response bias. Open-ended questions were found to be unanswerable by many persons, and supplementing them with clarifying examples and probes for additional information only exacerbated response bias. By comparison, yes-no checklists enhanced responsiveness but introduced serious acquiescence bias, whereas multiple choice questions, particularly with pictures, yielded valid answers from high proportions of interviewees. Implications for question design were discussed. PMID- 7124805 TI - Characteristics of successful family-care parents. AB - Characteristics of successful and unsuccessful family-care parents who served mentally retarded/developmentally disabled children and adults residing in a county in upstate New York were examined. Location (urban vs. rural) did not significantly discriminate successful and unsuccessful homes. Successful family caretakers were, however, generally older and more frequently were active in Protestant churches. When examined from the perspective of Holland's vocational orientation, successful woman caretakers most often came from the Conventional category, whereas men most often fit Holland's Realistic classification. Implications of these findings for family-care provider recruitment were discussed. PMID- 7124807 TI - Attention vs. retention in discrimination learning of low-MA retarded adults and MA-matched nonretarded children. PMID- 7124806 TI - Training leisure-time social-interaction skills to mentally retarded adults. PMID- 7124808 TI - A test of the similar sequence hypothesis. PMID- 7124811 TI - Determinants of acquiescence and naysaying of mentally retarded persons. AB - Social desirability and intellectual limitations were investigated as possible determinants of two response biases--acquiescence and naysaying--among mentally retarded respondents. Results clearly indicated that naysaying and acquiescence occur more frequently among lower IQ individuals and naysaying occurs more frequently concerning prohibited behavior, whereas respondents acquiesce regarding desirable behavior. These results suggest that intellectual limitations predispose people to biased responding, whereas social desirability factors determine the type of bias. PMID- 7124809 TI - One hundred years of data on populations of public residential facilities for mentally retarded people. AB - Data from 100 years of formal surveys of population and administrative characteristics of public residential facilities for mentally retarded people were summarized. Sources of these data were described. Results of the studies in the areas of total population, average number of residents per institution, annual per capita cost of care, resident movement (first admissions, readmissions, discharges, and deaths), and resident-to-staff ratios were presented to show trends over the 100-year period. PMID- 7124812 TI - Effects of verbal labeling and irrelevant stimulus dimensions on transposition of young EMR children. PMID- 7124810 TI - Effects of practice on inspection time for mildly mentally retarded and nonretarded adults. AB - Successive estimates of inspection time (lambda) interspersed with practice were made for 10 mildly retarded adults (mean IQ = 60) and 10 nonretarded adults. Each subject completed approximately 800 trials overall. A significant practice effect was found for both groups, but with average measures of lambda from the retarded group remaining more than twice as long as those from the nonretarded group. Intercorrelations within both groups between measures confirmed that lambda provides a reliable index of discriminative performance. A response requirement involving a keypress was compared with a simplified pointing response, but results indicated that these alternatives did not influence estimates of lambda on the effects of practice. PMID- 7124813 TI - Behavioral training for parents of mentally retarded children: prediction of outcome. AB - Prediction models for outcome of behavioral parent training were developed. Forty nine families completed a training program for parents of mentally retarded children and were followed-up 14 months later. The outcome variables were the mother's posttraining knowledge of behavioral principles and follow-through programming. Predictor variables included parents' socioeconomic status, education, pretraining experience, performance during training, and child characteristics. The relationships between predictor and outcome variables were utilized in discriminant analyses to yield prediction formulae. The accuracy of predictions and their clinical implications were discussed. PMID- 7124815 TI - Social ecology of supervised communal facilities for mentally disabled adults: VII. Productivity and turnover rate in sheltered workshops. AB - Turnover, reasons for termination, productivity, and number of hours worked as a function of demographic data, workshop settings, and measures of sociability for mentally disabled adults at six sheltered workshop settings were examined. An annual turnover rate of 48 percent was found, but only residence type and workshop setting were related to length of time in the workshop before termination. Physical attractiveness and sociability (as observed during free periods at the workshops) were positively related to productivity, but only workshop settings predicted number of hours worked. Clients who terminated from the agency for positive reasons were highest in sociability and desire for affiliation, whereas clients who terminated for negative reasons were lowest in sociability and desire for affiliation. Sex, age, IQ, diagnosis, and history of institutionalization were unrelated to vocational variables. PMID- 7124814 TI - Reinstitutionalization of mentally retarded persons successfully placed into family-care and group homes. AB - The characteristics of clients currently living successfully in the community but previously reinstitutionalized were compared with those of clients who had remained continuously in the community since their initial placement from an institution. Results showed that, overall, returnees could be discriminated from nonreturnees primarily by their higher level of maladaptive behavior. Separate comparisons of these two groups among family-care and group-home residents, however, did not consistently identify the same differentiating factors. Results indicate that although reinstitutionalized clients can be placed back into the community, their success in remaining there may depend upon characteristics of the setting into which they are placed. PMID- 7124816 TI - Nature and sources of the clergy's involvement with mentally retarded persons and their families. AB - The variety of services provided by clergy on behalf of mentally retarded persons and their families was investigated. Rating scales, administered during semi structured interviews, were used with a diverse sample of 40 pastors to explore: services already provided; willingness to undertake other services; felt competence to provide the services on a comprehensive list; suggestions for dividing the responsibility for each service among parents, clergy, and secular professionals. The data displayed a wide range of services provided by the sample as a whole, revealed substantial individual differences, and showed clear preferences for some areas of service over others. Involvement in a given area was strongly associated with feelings of competence but not feelings of responsibility. Relationships with secular specialists and prospects for enhancing the clergy's involvement were discussed. PMID- 7124817 TI - Turnover of direct-care staff in a national sample of residential facilities for mentally retarded people. PMID- 7124818 TI - Word frequency and the intentional-incidental verbal-discrimination learning of nonretarded and mentally retarded individuals. AB - MA-matched nonretarded and mentally retarded persons were given a verbal discrimination learning task and an associative matching task. In the verbal discrimination learning task, word frequency was manipulated by having one-half of the participants in each IQ group pronounce for 20 trials the words that were later used in the verbal-discrimination learning task (i.e., the high-frequency condition). The remaining participants pronounced words that were not a part of the task (i.e., the low-frequency condition). Based on an implication derived from frequency theory, I predicted that retarded persons would be more adversely affected by the high-frequency condition than would nonretarded persons; however, results indicated that both groups were adversely affected. The associative matching task was used to test the incidental learning hypothesis. Results revealed a significant Intelligence X Frequency interaction, which indicated that the retarded group exhibited an incidental learning deficit but only under the high-frequency condition. A possible explanation for this finding was discussed within the context of depth of processing. PMID- 7124819 TI - Comparison of community adjustment of older vs. younger mentally retarded adults. AB - The relationship between age and community adjustment was studied in a sample of 153 deinstitutionalized mentally retarded adults. Those aged 18 to 54 were compared with those aged 55 and older with respect to IQ, rate of recidivism, community adjustment, and residential environment. Results showed that although the two groups were comparable in IQ and recidivism rate, the older subjects lived in less autonomous residences in the community and functioned at a lower level. Alternative explanations for these results were offered, and policy implications were presented. PMID- 7124820 TI - Reaction time and mild mental retardation: high speed scanning reexamined. AB - When observers judge whether a probe is contained within a small positive set, reaction time (RT) increases linearly with set size (Sternberg, 1969b). Slope and intercept of the function relating RT to positive set size are believed to reflect durations of different processing stages. As results of several investigations suggested inverse slope/intercept relationships, however, studies using "high-speed scanning" tasks to compare retarded with nonretarded individuals were reexamined. When slope was correlated with points along the RT function (intercept, Positive Set Sizes 1, 2, and 4), results showed no interdependencies for nonretarded adults. Slope and intercept were negatively correlated for retarded and nonretarded adolescents, whereas slope and Positive Set Size 1 values apparently were unrelated. These results seem to contradict theoretical expectations, and specification of processing stages where efficiency varies across populations may not be possible based on results from high speed scanning tasks. PMID- 7124821 TI - Mental retardation research funding trends of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. PMID- 7124822 TI - Parents' attitudes toward sterilization of their mentally retarded children. AB - Parents' attitude toward sterilization and the sexuality of their retarded offspring were identified. Parent and child characteristics associated with these attitudes were investigated. A random sample of parents with mentally retarded offspring under age 40 was selected from three countries in southwestern Ontario. Of this sample 55 percent responded to a mailed questionnaire. Results indicated a high percentage of parental agreement with sterilization: involuntary sterilization, 71 percent; voluntary, 67 percent. PMID- 7124823 TI - Resident release patterns in a national sample of public residential facilities. PMID- 7124824 TI - Pica among mentally retarded adults. AB - Pica was recognized in 25.8 percent of a population of 991 institutionalized mentally retarded adults. Food pica accounted for 5.4 percent, nonfood pica for 16.7 percent, and combination food and nonfood pica for 3.7 percent of the population. Pica became less frequent with increasing age, related to a reduction in the incidence of nonfood pica. Food pica was not age-related. Low IQ was associated with a high frequency of nonfood pica. The items consumed were classed into 29 nonfood and 7 food categories. Some medical complications such as intestinal obstruction and surgery secondary to foreign body ingestion occurred only in those with pica. Gastrointestinal parasites occurred more frequently in individuals with pica. PMID- 7124826 TI - Social facilitation influences on the oral reading performance of academically handicapped children. AB - Two competing theories of social facilitation, one stressing audience presence and the other stressing the threat of evaluation, were tested to determine their efficacy in predicting oral reading performance of 24 academically handicapped children. Each handicapped child participated in reading groups with 3 nonhandicapped children. Four conditions reflected audience and evaluation variables: alone/evaluation, alone/no evaluation, group/evaluation, group/no evaluation. Criterion was number of errors in oral reading. Results revealed a significant main effect for evaluation, indicating that academically handicapped children make more errors in oral reading in evaluative situations regardless of audience presence. Results were discussed in relation to mainstreaming. Specifically, the suggestion was made that it might be more advisable to educate academically handicapped children in highly structured settings, or nonevaluative environments, than to place them in classes with children of superior academic ability without meaningful preparation of intervention. PMID- 7124825 TI - The WISC-R factor score profiles of cultural-familial mentally retarded and nonretarded youth. AB - Factor scores on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) were compared for two groups of cultural-familial mentally retarded youth and one group of nonretarded youth. The younger retarded group had a mean CA of 9.5 years; the older retarded group has a mean WISC-R MA of 9.5 years, and the nonretarded group had a mean WISC-R MA and a mean CA of 9.5 years. No significant difference was detected between the retarded and nonretarded groups in their patterns of intellectual strengths and weakness. This finding was consistent with an expectation of the developmental viewpoint of retardation but contrary to a prediction of the difference theory of retardation. Differences were found between the retarded groups in their intellectual strengths and weakness. The older retarded subjects exhibited a relative strength in perceptual organization abilities, whereas the younger ones demonstrated no pattern of comparative strengths and weaknesses. PMID- 7124828 TI - Motor schema formation by EMR boys. PMID- 7124830 TI - Mentally retarded children's abilities in the process of comparison. AB - Mentally retarded children were asked to make various types of comparisons between sets and subsets of objects. Results showed that they succeeded when the comparison involved numerically unequal subsets of objects within the same set. When sets, or subsets, were numerically equal, the children clearly failed; instead of rejecting both alternatives in the comparison question, they selected one. With other comparisons, within and between sets and subsets of objects, the children guessed at an answer, and there was a tendency to answer in accordance with the most recently uttered part of the comparison question. These results indicate that although retarded children are thoroughly acquainted with certain aspects of language and its use in the process of comparison, other important aspects have yet to be learned. PMID- 7124829 TI - Task monotony and performance efficacy of mentally retarded young adults. AB - Mildly mentally retarded young adults were exposed to one of three training arrangements for vigilance performance, a monitoring task that some professionals consider uniquely appropriate for such persons because they are assumed to be less susceptible to boredom. Evidence indicated that accuracy generally declines over time. Training approaches used in this study allowed component analysis of procedures used in a previous study in which accuracy did not decline. Replication of the divergent study's procedures and alternate arrangements produced the characteristic vigilance decrement that was unrelated to on-task errors but varied with certain off-task behavior. Accuracy levels mirrored the degree of tangible reinforcement but, like nonretarded observers, retarded monitors found the task boring or otherwise unrewarding. PMID- 7124831 TI - Learning, memory, and transfer in profoundly, severely, and moderately mentally retarded persons. AB - Discrimination learning, memory, and transfer capacity were assessed in representative samples of institutionalized retarded persons in order to provide information on trainability. The 56 subjects were selected from moderately, severely, and two levels of profoundly retarded adults. They learned and relearned three successive two-choice discrimination problems. Generally, the higher functioning subjects, defined by IQ and adaptive behavior learned more rapidly than did the lower functioning subjects. Forgetting was related to IQ/adaptive behavior level. Interproblem transfer was negligible at all levels of retardation, but ceiling effects may have obscured positive transfer in the higher functioning groups. Backward learning curves revealed large differences between lower and higher functioning persons in the presolution trials, but once learning began even profoundly retarded subjects solved these problems as rapidly as did the moderately retarded subjects. Ten of the 56 subjects failed to learn all three problems. PMID- 7124833 TI - Cognitive processes for monitoring and regulating speed and accuracy of responding in mental retardation: a methodology. PMID- 7124827 TI - An empirical analysis of item weighting on the adaptive behavior scale. PMID- 7124834 TI - Note on the constancy of the IQ. PMID- 7124835 TI - Prevalence of obesity among mentally retarded adults. PMID- 7124832 TI - Memorizing: a test of untrained mildly mentally retarded children's problem solving. AB - Forty untrained mildly mentally retarded and 32 untrained nonretarded junior high school students were given eight trails of practice on a self-paced memory problem with lists of letters or words. For each trail a new list was presented, requiring ordered recall of terminal list items followed by ordered recall of initial items. Subgroups of solvers and nonsolvers were identified at each IQ level by a criterion of strict recall accuracy. Direct measures of mnemonic activity showed that over trails, solvers at both IQ levels increasingly fit a theoretically ideal memorization method. At neither IQ level did nonsolvers show similar inventions. On early trials, for both IQ levels, fit to the ideal method was uncorrelated with recall accuracy. On late trials fit and recall were highly correlated at each IQ level and across levels. The results support a problem solving theory of individual differences in retarded and nonretarded children's memory performances. PMID- 7124836 TI - Proactive inhibition by mentally retarded persons: effects of distracter vocalization. AB - Mentally retarded adolescents were tested in eight experimental conditions using the Brown-Peterson paradigm of proactive inhibition. Length of retention interval, absence or presence of vocalization during the retention interval (naming colored lights), and rate of light presentation varied. The purpose was to determine the influence of amount of vocalization during the retention interval on retrieval from short-term memory. A filled retention interval had more a deleterious effect on retrieval than did an unfilled one, but significant amounts of memory loss occurred whether the interval was filled or unfilled. Amount of vocalization did not affect recall. PMID- 7124837 TI - Amniotic band syndrome. AB - The amniotic band syndrome is a collection of fetal malformations associated with fibrous bands that appear to entangle or entrap various fetal parts in utero, leading to deformation, malformation, or disruption. This syndrome is given many names yet follows a clearly defined clinical pattern. Misdiagnosis and inappropriate family counseling are chronic features. This article reviews the clinical features of the amniotic band syndrome, its epidemiology, and the status of prenatal and neonatal diagnosis. The spectrum of malformations associated with amniotic bands is summarized and illustrated. Major etiologic theories are examined. It is recommended that the clinician involved in the delivery of any infant manifesting elements of this unusual combination of defects seek specialized consultation in the pursuit of an accurate and precise diagnosis and appropriate genetic counseling. PMID- 7124838 TI - Fetal echocardiography. I. Normal anatomy as determined by real-time--directed M mode ultrasound. AB - With current ultrasound technology, it is now possible to obtain accurate real time and M-mode information from the fetal heart with the use of real-time- directed M-mode echocardiography. With this method, the M-mode cursor is directed to the fetal cardiac structures of interest while the image is obtained in the real-time mode. This enables M-mode echocardiograms to be obtained in an accurate, reproducible manner. The most useful imaging planes for cardiac evaluation are the long axis four-chamber plane, the short axis plane through the atrioventricular valves, and the short axis plane through the aortic and pulmonic outflow tracts. Once normal fetal cardiac anatomy is understood, structural defects and/or alterations of function can be evaluated accurately antenatally. PMID- 7124839 TI - A double-blind, randomized comparison of clindamycin-gentamicin versus cefamandole for treatment of post-cesarean section endomyometritis. AB - Among patients with endomyometritis after cesarean section, a double-blind comparison of clindamycin-gentamicin versus cefamandole-placebo therapy was performed. Study criteria were: exclusion--use of prophylactic antibiotics or allergy to the drugs used; entry--uterine tenderness, oral temperature greater than or equal to 101 degrees F, and leukocytosis. Uterine specimens for culture were obtained via a single-lumen transcervical catheter. Most common isolates were Bacteroides bivius, Escherichia coli, and anaerobic cocci. Bacteremia occurred in 9.0%. Therapy results were: [Chart: see text]. Therapeutic failures were defined as persistent fever despite 3 or more days of treatment. Among the six clindamycin-gentamicin therapeutic failures, one patient had a resistant organism, and one had a pelvic mass. Among the 13 cefamandole-placebo therapeutic failures, three patients had resistant organisms, and one had a pelvic mass. Cause of persistent fever was not evident in the other patients. Side effects that necessitated discontinuation of therapy were: clindamycin-gentamicin group- diarrhea (six), allergic response (one); cefamandole-placebo group--diarrhea (two), allergic response (one). If the common practice of excluding side-effect failures is followed, there were more cures in the clindamycin-gentamicin group (P = 0.06). PMID- 7124840 TI - Therapy for the pregnant patient with sickle hemoglobinopathies: a national focus. PMID- 7124841 TI - A comparison of cesarean section morbidity in urban and rural hospitals. A three year retrospective review of 1,177 charts. AB - To determine whether there was a significant difference in morbidity rates from cesarean section between urban and rural hospitals, we reviewed 742 maternal records from three urban hospitals and 435 records from 11 rural hospitals, along with the corresponding infant charts. When a comparison was made of advance in diet, day of discharge, elevations of temperature, number of positive cultures, use of two or more antibiotics, use of blood transfusions, and incidence of major complications, significant differences were found only in the number of positive cultures and use of antibiotics, which occurred more frequently in rural hospitals. Pediatric morbidity was evaluated by comparing Apgar scores, temperatures less than 36 degrees C, use of oxygen for longer than 15 minutes, number of infants intubated, use of intravenous fluids and antibiotics, incidence of respiratory distress syndrome and transient tachypnea, number of neonatal transfers, and major complications. Urban hospitals had significantly more Apgar scores of 4 to 6 at 5 minutes (p less than 0.01). Temperatures less than 36 degrees C were found more frequently in rural hospitals (p less than 0.001). No statistical difference was found in any other category. The results show little difference in maternal or pediatric morbidity rates between urban and rural hospitals and between obstetricians and family practitioners. PMID- 7124842 TI - Human fetal serum cortisol levels related to gestational age: evidence of a midgestational fall and a steep late gestational rise, independent of sex or mode of delivery. AB - Levels of cortisol were determined in umbilical cord serum in the presence and absence of labor at various gestational ages. In the absence of labor, serum cortisol fell (P less than 0.025) from 8.4 ng/ml at 15 to 17 weeks to 4 ng/ml at 17 1/2 to 20 weeks, a change which coincides with a rapid drop in relative adrenal weight. By 35 to 36 weeks, the mean levels had risen to 20 ng/ml and there was a further increase between 37 1/2 and 40 weeks (P less than 0.01) to a mean level of 45.1 ng/ml. Data obtained at vaginal delivery after the spontaneous onset of labor over the period of 26 to 40 weeks were more variable but showed a similar pattern, with levels about twice those in the absence of labor. No differences could be attributed to sex or to the anesthetic used. Thus, there appears to be a rise in the fetal level of cortisol with gestational age in late pregnancy, whether or not labor takes place. This rise is steepest immediately before the normal time of onset of labor and cannot be attributed to the stress associated with labor. PMID- 7124843 TI - Orbital diameters: a new parameter for prenatal diagnosis and dating. AB - Fetal inner orbital diameter and outer orbital diameter were measured in the occipital transverse and occipital posterior positions in 180 normal pregnancies. The outer orbital diameter was found to be closely related to the biparietal diameter. After a nomogram had been constructed, 463 patients whose fetuses were at risk for various anomalies were studied in two cases, hypotelorism was suspected because the orbital measurements fell below the 95% confidence limits, and this diagnosis was confirmed at the time of delivery. The conclusion is that, in situations in which fetal head position precludes accurate biparietal diameter determinations, the outer orbital diameter can often be obtained and used to estimate that variable and, therefore, gestational age. Furthermore, the nomogram constructed has proved to be a useful tool in diagnosing hypotension in utero. Theoretically, this should also be true of fetal hypertelorism. PMID- 7124844 TI - Uteroplacental blood flow in diabetic pregnancy: measurements with indium 113m and a computer-linked gamma camera. AB - The uteroplacental blood flow index in the last trimester of pregnancy in 26 women with diabetes mellitus was compared to that in 41 healthy control subjects. After an intravenous injection of 1 mCi of indium 113m, the radiation over the placenta was recorded with a computer-linked gamma camera. From time-activity analysis of the isotope accumulation curve, a uteroplacental blood flow index could be calculated. In the diabetic pregnant women, the maternal-placental blood flow index was reduced 35% to 45% compared to that in healthy women. The blood flow index tended to be further impaired in those diabetic women who had higher blood glucose values. PMID- 7124845 TI - Portal venous blood flow distribution to liver and ductus venosus in newborn lambs. AB - Changes in the distribution of portal venous blood flow to the left and right lobes of the liver and through the ductus venosus were determined from before birth through 9 days of age in 25 chronically catheterized fetal and newborn lambs. Blood flow distribution was calculated by means of the radionuclide labeled microsphere technique. With umbilical cord clamping portal venous blood flow distribution to the right lobe of the liver decreased when compared to that in the term fetus; distribution to the left lobe and ductus venosus increased. More than 50% of portal blood flow was shunted through the ductus venosus during the first hour after birth. Ductus venosus shunts of at least 25% of total portal blood flow were noted in half the lambs between the second and sixth days of life. Portal venous distribution to the right lobe was inversely related to the fraction of portal blood flow shunted through the ductus venosus. The ratio of right lobe weight to total liver weight was significantly correlated with the ratio of right lobe flow to total liver flow (r = 0.73; P less than 0.001). The conclusion is that large and persistent ductus venosus shunts are normal during the first postnatal week in lambs. PMID- 7124846 TI - The uterine hemodynamic response to repetitive unilateral vascular embolization in the pregnant ewe. AB - The longitudinal hemodynamic response of the uterine circulation to pregnancy and to repetitive embolic insult was assessed in 23 singleton ewe pregnancies by means of electromagnetic flow transducers and radionuclide-labeled microspheres. The data indicate that the longitudinal hemodynamic changes observed in the uterine circulation were directly related to the growth rate of the tissue which it supplied. The hemodynamic impact of embolization appears to be secondary to its impact on tissue growth. Embolization simply blunts the normal incremental increases in uterine perfusion and the cross-sectional area of the uterine vascular bed. It alters actual tissue perfusion only within a portion of the cotyledonary circulation. Finally, the data support the presence of functional arterial anastomoses between the two sides of the uterine circulation in this species. PMID- 7124848 TI - Intrauterine decompression of megalocystis during the second trimester of pregnancy. PMID- 7124849 TI - Intrauterine fetal tachypnea. PMID- 7124850 TI - Carbon dioxide laser in treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. PMID- 7124851 TI - Difference in clinical implications of amniotic fluid C-peptide between second trimester and third trimester of pregnancy. PMID- 7124852 TI - The success rate of in vitro fertilization: what can the patient expect? PMID- 7124847 TI - Manpower for obstetrics-gynecology. III. Contributions to total female medical care. AB - This final report from the cooperative manpower study of the University of Southern California and The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists describes the development of a female data file that outlines the care of women patients by all specialties. Obstetrician-gynecologists are compared to other specialists; they see 300,000 women per day in the United States and provide a wide range of care. Preventive care plays a larger role than in other major specialties, patient counseling and education are emphasized, and obstetric care is a major commitment. Nonetheless, acute and serious surgical and medical diagnoses are an important component of the practices of obstetrician gynecologists. PMID- 7124853 TI - Maternal hypotension complicating epidural block. PMID- 7124854 TI - Glucocorticoid therapy. PMID- 7124855 TI - Binding of estradiol and progesterone in placentas and amniotic membranes. PMID- 7124856 TI - Fetal urinary tract obstruction: what is the role of surgical intervention in utero? PMID- 7124858 TI - Circadian pattern of prolactin secretion in postmenopausal women receiving estrogen with or without progestin. AB - The circadian rhythm of prolactin secretion was assessed in postmenopausal women before and after daily administration of ethinyl estradiol for 4 weeks given in the morning (AM) or evening (PM) or in combination with a synthetic progestin, 17 medroxyprogesterone acetate. In response to AM ethinyl estradiol, mean circulating levels of serum prolactin during sleep and awake phases of the day rose 2.5-fold compared to untreated control values. The sleep/wake ratios for serum prolactin were comparable prior to and after AM administration of ethinyl estradiol. Altered time of administration, PM ethinyl estradiol or concomitant ethinyl estradiol and progestin treatment produced similar increases in mean prolactin levels, which were not different from the level observed during AM administration of ethinyl estradiol. These findings indicate that estrogen replacement therapy, in a dosage recommended for treatment of the menopause, stimulated a sustained rise in serum prolactin over 24 hours. This enhanced release of prolactin was not influenced by the time of administration of estrogen or concomitant administration of 17-medroxyprogesterone acetate. PMID- 7124857 TI - Prognostic features of endometrial cancer in estrogen users and obese women. AB - In a case-control study to evaluate risk factors for endometrial cancer in Italy, use of noncontraceptive estrogens was associated with a moderately increased risk, whereas obesity appeared to be the most important single risk factor related to cancer of the endometrium. This report considers the estrogen and obesity-related relative risks with regard to various prognostic features of tumors (clinical stage, histologic grade, extent of myometrial invasion, lymph node involvement). In both estrogen users and obese women, the increase in relative risk was greater for earlier than for more advanced tumors. These findings, therefore, provide further support for a specific role of both exogenous and endogenous estrogens in endometrial cancer. PMID- 7124859 TI - Antepartum pneumonia in pregnancy. AB - Thirty-nine patients satisfying criteria for antepartum pneumonia in pregnancy were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty-one patients had culture-proved bacterial pneumonias. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common organism isolated (13/39). Significant anemia (hemoglobin less than or equal to 10 gm) was present in 49% of patients (19/37) on admission. In the patients presenting in the second and third trimesters (25 to 36 weeks) of pregnancy, 85% (11/13) were delivered at term. The perinatal mortality rate for the entire group was 40/1,000. There were no maternal deaths. PMID- 7124860 TI - Elevated serum ferritin in the altered ferrokinetics of toxemia of pregnancy. AB - The serum concentration of ferritin in 11 patients with toxemia of pregnancy was compared to that of normal women in the early third trimester of pregnancy and in labor at term. The mean concentration of ferritin for toxemic patients was 91.8 ng/ml compared to 18.4 ng/ml and 19.4 ng/ml for the two control groups, respectively. The biochemical and physiologic features of ferritin are reviewed, and the relationship between iron and ferritin is discussed. Despite elevated serum levels of ferritin in toxemia, it is noted to be less reflective of the clinical course of the syndrome than serum ion. PMID- 7124863 TI - Bone mineral status of lactating mothers of different ages. AB - To determine the effect of age on the bone mineralization of lactating mothers, 48 healthy mothers were evaluated at 2 and 16 weeks post partum. All mothers were divided into three age groups: less than or equal to 18 years, 19 to 30 years, and greater than 31 years old. At 2 and 16 weeks post partum, blood was drawn for measurement of serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and 25-hydroxy vitamin D. Bone mineral content was measured by photon absorptiometry. Dietary history was also recorded. At both 2 and 16 weeks, there were no differences in the serum values or bone mineral content among the three age groups. However, there was a decrease in the bone mineral content between the 2 and 16 weeks' values in the less than or equal to 18 years age group, 1.049 +/- 0.088 versus 0.895 +/- 0.051 gm/cm (p less than 0.05). Dietary intakes were similar among the three groups, but only one of seven mothers less than or equal to 18 years of age met the recommended dietary allowance for calcium or phosphorus, as compared to six of seven older mothers who met the recommended dietary allowance for calcium or phosphorus (p less than 0.01). We conclude that young lactating mothers less than or equal to 18 years old at risk for bone demineralization because of low dietary intakes of calcium or phosphorus. PMID- 7124862 TI - Echocardiographic estimation of hemodynamics in hypertensive pregnancy. AB - M-mode echocardiography and indirect blood pressure measurements were used to examine hemodynamics in three groups of pregnant patients: 19 who were preeclamptic, nine who had essential hypertension, and 19 who were normotensive. The preeclamptic patients had significantly lower heart rate (68.4 versus 74.7 beats/min, p less than 0.05), stroke volume (89 versus 101 ml; p less than 0.02), and cardiac index (5.9 versus 7.5 L/min/sq m; p less than 0.001) than those of control patients matched for age, parity, and gestational age. The mean values for heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac index in patients with essential hypertension were not significantly different from those in the control group; however, the former had widely varying individual hemodynamic patterns. The significant inverse correlation was found between cardiac index and mean blood pressure (r = -0.602) in preeclamptic patients. There was a positive correlation between maternal cardiac index and infant birth weight (r = 0.813) and also inverse relationship between systemic vascular resistance and infant birth weight (r = -0.890) in this group. Possible explanations for these findings are discussed. PMID- 7124861 TI - The incidence of pregnancy-induced hypertension is increased among Colorado residents at high altitude. AB - Both pregnancy-induced hypertension and high-altitude residence are associated with fetal growth retardation, thereby leading us to hypothesize that pregnancy induced hypertension would be more common at high than at low altitude. Retrospectively collected data in Colorado revealed that pregnancy-induced hypertension was more common at 3,100 m (12%) than at 2,410 m (4%) or 1,600 m (3%) (P less than 0.001). Proteinuria and edema in the upper extremities were also more frequent at 3,100 m than at 1,600 m (proteinuria = 28% versus 9%, P less than 0.001; edema of upper extremities = 22% versus 13%, P less than 0.01). Blood pressure during pregnancy increased with altitude among all women and those without pregnancy-induced hypertension (analysis of variance, P less than 0.05). In a prospective study at 3,100 m, women with pregnancy-induced hypertension had no change in blood pressure during pregnancy prior to the onset of hypertension (analysis of variance, P = NS), whereas blood pressure decreased in the normal women (analysis of variance, P less than 0.05). Arterial oxygen saturation during the third trimester was inversely related to the degree of hypertension in women with pregnancy-induced hypertension at 3,100 m (r = 0.8, P less than 0.05), thus suggesting that maternal hypoxia may play a previously unsuspected role in the etiology of pregnancy-induced hypertension. PMID- 7124864 TI - Effects of nifedipine on spontaneous and methylergometrine-induced activity post partum. AB - Intrauterine pressure changes were recorded by microtransducer catheter in 17 women immediately post partum. In all patients, spontaneous contractile activity was recorded, characterized by high contraction amplitudes (110 to 350 mm Hg). The calcium entry blocker nifedipine effectively inhibited these contractions. Both in vitro, in strips of pregnant myometrium, and in vivo, methylergometrine induced a contractile activity that could be blocked by nifedipine. The conclusion is that, for the testing of drugs that affect the contractile activity of pregnant myometrium, the use of intrauterine pressure recording by microtransducer catheters in the early postpartum period provides a suitable model. PMID- 7124865 TI - The prenatal prediction of thrombocytopenia in infants of mothers with clinically diagnosed immune thrombocytopenia. AB - The management of the pregnant patient with immune thrombocytopenia is complicated by the unavailability of the fetal platelet count. Since the transplacental passage of antiplatelet antibodies mediates infant thrombocytopenia, measurement of maternal platelet-associated IgG might predict infant outcome. We related the maternal platelet count and platelet-associated IgG level to the infant's platelet count in 41 pregnancies in 38 patients who were clinically diagnosed as having immune thrombocytopenia. Fifteen of 39 live born infants were thrombocytopenic at delivery. Maternal platelet-associated IgG was predictive of infant platelet count but maternal platelet count was not; only one of the 20 infants delivered of the 18 thrombocytopenic mothers with normal platelet-associated IgG was affected, whereas 11 of 12 thrombocytopenic mothers with elevated platelet-associated IgG had thrombocytopenic infants. Five infants died in utero between 18 and 28 weeks' gestation, but otherwise there was no significant morbidity in the live births. Measurement of platelet associated IgG in mothers with immune thrombocytopenia during pregnancy can be used to predict infant thrombocytopenia, although it does not predict the severity of the thrombocytopenia. PMID- 7124866 TI - Megacystis-microcolon-hypoperistalsis syndrome and anechoic areas in the fetal abdomen. PMID- 7124867 TI - Changes in placental ultrasonic appearance. I. Incidence of Grade III changes in the placenta in correlation to fetal pulmonary maturity. AB - Placental grading has been proposed as a substitute for amniotic fluid analysis for predicting fetal pulmonary maturity. The efficacy of placental grading was prospectively evaluated by grading the placenta at the time of 174 amniocentesis procedures done for determination of fetal pulmonary maturity. Grade III changes in the placenta were a rare finding that occurred in only 7% of the examinations performed. Placental grading proved to be insensitive in that it predicted pulmonary maturity in only 5% of pregnancies in which amniotic fluid analysis predicted a mature fetus. In addition, placental grading falsely predicted fetal pulmonary maturity in 42% of patients in whom Grade III placental changes were found. These findings suggest that the determination of Grade III changes in the placenta occurs too rarely to be of use in predicting fetal pulmonary maturity in the uncomplicated pregnancy. Incorrect prediction of pulmonary maturity by placental grading in the complicated pregnancy makes this test of little value in the management of high-risk pregnancy. PMID- 7124868 TI - Changes in placental ultrasonic appearance. II. Pathologic significance of Grade III placental changes. AB - Changes in placental texture and structure on ultrasonic examination have been suggested as correlating to advancing fetal pulmonary maturity. The association of preterm appearance of Grade III changes in the placenta in the complicated pregnancy suggests that these changes are associated with a decrease in placental function and premature senescence of the placenta. Placentas were routinely graded on all obstetric examinations performed during a 1-year period of time. Those pregnancies in which Grade III changes in the placenta prior to term were reviewed. A high incidence (78%) of perinatal problems were found in association with preterm appearance of Grade III changes. Perinatal complications included maternal hypertensive disorders, intrauterine growth retardation, abruptio placentae, and fetal distress in labor. The high incidence of these disorders in preterm pregnancies with Grade III changes in the placenta suggests that the sonographic changes found reflect placental dysfunction or senescence rather than normal maturational development. The appearance of Grade III changes in the placenta in the preterm pregnancy is suggested as a predictive indicator of potential perinatal problems in late pregnancy. PMID- 7124869 TI - Pelvic endometriosis and Turner's syndrome. PMID- 7124870 TI - Failed amniocentesis: the role of membrane tenting. PMID- 7124871 TI - Recurrent bleeding associated with placenta membranacea partialis: report of a case. PMID- 7124872 TI - Calcific endometritis. PMID- 7124873 TI - The effects of danazol. PMID- 7124874 TI - An alternative to marginal myotomy. PMID- 7124875 TI - Silicone tube intubation in disorders of the lacrimal system in children. AB - We analyzed the results of 81 silicone intubations of the lacrimal system in 56 patients aged 6 months to 16 years after posttreatment follow-up of at least two months. Standard probing just before intubation allowed us to group cases by obstruction sites: proximal, distal, or combined. Overall, the outcome was successful in 65 (80.3%) cases. In cases of trauma, success was achieved in two of five patients with proximal, five of nine patients with distal, and two of two patients with combined obstructions. In nontraumatic blockages, we achieved success in 13 of 16 proximal, 30 of 35 distal, and 13 of 14 combined obstructions. PMID- 7124876 TI - Autosomal dominant inheritance of retinoschisis. AB - Hereditary retinoschisis affected eight members of three generations of a family. The mode of transmission and the clinical features were not compatible with findings noted in either X-chromosome-linked or autosomal recessive forms of retinoschisis. The genetic and clinical features in this family strongly supported autosomal dominant inheritance, adding to the known genetic heterogeneity for the hereditary forms of retinoschisis. The expression of the condition varied in severity, but all affected members of the family had peripheral retinoschisis and peripheral retinal degeneration. Three had maculoschisis and five had macular pigmentary changes. Electroretinographic findings were normal in six of the eight. PMID- 7124877 TI - Anomalous intraocular and periocular formation of adipose tissue. PMID- 7124878 TI - An ultrastructural study of carcinoid tumor of the iris. AB - An iris tumor developed in a 37-year-old woman who had had a bronchial carcinoid tumor resected nine years previously. The iris tumor was locally excised with a modified trabeculectomy approach. Histologic studies showed it to be a metastatic carcinoid tumor. Electron microscopy demonstrated typical dark and pale carcinoid cells with neurosecretory granules, basal bodies, and apical microvilli. The cisternae of the granular endoplasmic reticulum were disposed in a series of concentric rings encapsulating a central core of mitochondria. This unusual type of subcellular organization and specialization is probably a reflection of the slow-growing and highly differentiated nature of the iris tumor. PMID- 7124879 TI - Histopathology of presumed ocular histoplasmosis. AB - A 46-year-old man with the clinical picture of presumed ocular histoplasmosis had its right eye removed because of an associated choroidal malignant melanoma. Histopathologically, the choroidal foci disclosed the different stages of inflammatory evolution; from granulomatous foci with caseation, macrophages, and giant cells, to nongranulomatous lesions composed of lymphocytes, and finally to the healing stage of fibrohyaline scarred lesions. The granulomatous lesions contained PAS-positive and Grocott-positive bodies and dead Histoplasma organisms. Electron microscopy demonstrated that the dead fungi did not disappear from the tissue and were detected nine years after the initial infection. PMID- 7124880 TI - Histopathology of meibomian gland dysfunction. AB - We conducted a histopathologic study of he meibomian glands of seven patients (all men, ranging in age from 58 to 83 years) who had severe or moderately severe meibomian dysfunction and who were undergoing ectropion or entropion repair. Abnormal features included signs of obstruction and dilatation of ducts, enlargement of acini with cystic degeneration and squamous metaplasia, foreign body reaction and granuloma formation, a mild increase in inflammatory cells, and abnormal keratinization. Demodex organisms were found in both acini and ducts of one patient. These findings were similar to those reported in other entities involving meibomian duct obstruction, probably related to abnormalities of keratinization, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of meibomian gland dysfunction. PMID- 7124882 TI - The use of room temperature vulcanizing silicone in anophthalmic enophthalmos. PMID- 7124881 TI - Mycobacterium chelonei keratitis. PMID- 7124883 TI - Gelfoam-thrombin dacryocystorhinostomy stent. PMID- 7124884 TI - Transilluminated lid plate and chalazion clamp. PMID- 7124885 TI - Computed tomography. PMID- 7124886 TI - Ectopic lacrimal gland under the nasal mucosa. PMID- 7124887 TI - Fitting bandage lenses on flattened corneas. PMID- 7124888 TI - Comparison of slit-lamp applanation tonometers. PMID- 7124889 TI - Fatal aplastic anemia following topical administration of ophthalmic chloramphenicol. PMID- 7124890 TI - Oculocardiac reflex during postoperative muscle adjustment. PMID- 7124891 TI - Nonsurgical therapy of chalazion. PMID- 7124892 TI - Retinoids and intraocular tumors. PMID- 7124894 TI - Blur-induced changes in the visual evoked potential. AB - Binocular vision has several advantages as compared with monocular vision. In this study, objective recordings of binocular functioning were studied with visual evoked potentials (VEP's). Lenses from plano through +1.50 D were added to reduce acuity monocularly and binocularly. Results indicate that the VEP, while sensitive to binocularly induced blur, does not reflect the changes in binocular vision which are produced by monocularly induced blur. The high contrast of the visual stimulus pattern (97%) may be responsible for the absence of attenuation during binocular viewing while one eye is blurred. PMID- 7124893 TI - Glenn Fry Award Lecture: behavioral studies of amblyopia in monkeys. AB - Many of the current concepts on the mechanisms of binocular vision and amblyopia have been developed from physiological studies on animals. It is important to compare psychophysical data from these species with human data in order to provide a more direct link between the physiology and behavior of humans. This paper describes behavioral experiments on rhesus monkeys with normal binocular vision and monkeys with experimental amblyopia. The visual functions investigated were stereopsis, fusional vergence ranges, spatial contrast sensitivity, and increment-threshold spectral sensitivity. The comparison of data from human observers with those of the monkeys shows remarkable agreement. The monkey is useful as a surrogate for experiments that are either impossible or impractical to conduct on humans, and the data may be applied to the human population. PMID- 7124895 TI - Contrast sensitivity as a function of exposure duration in the amblyopic visual system. AB - The spatiotemporal differences between the normal and amblyopic visual systems were investigated by measuring contrast sensitivity as a function of exposure duration for specific spatial frequencies of a sine-wave grating. At threshold, normal subjects had contrast-time reciprocity curves with slopes of approximately 0.7, indicating less than perfect temporal summation. The integration time (critical duration) varied as a function of spatial frequency with longer integration times for higher spatial frequencies (in agreement with previous studies). Amblyopic subjects had integration times and reciprocity slopes that were similar to the normals for low spatial frequencies; however, at high spatial frequencies there were significant differences. These results show that an amblyopic eye may either lack sustained neurons or alternately have sustained neurons with abnormal response characteristics. PMID- 7124896 TI - Changes in angle lambda during growth: theory and clinical applications. AB - The eye undergoes rapid growth during the first years of life. Using a mathematical model, we analyzed angle lambda from birth through adult life to determine what change in its magnitude occurs with growth of the eye. The effect of changes in angle lambda on measurement and correction of astigmatic errors and on the analysis of fixation patterns are discussed. PMID- 7124897 TI - Asynchronous cortical input and asthenopia. AB - Abnormal delays in retinal-cortical transmission are typically associated with optic nerve disease. Clinically optic nerve diseases produce visual field abnormalities, decreased visual acuity, and color vision defects. Disease processes causing only interocular differences in retinal-cortical transmission properties are not easily detected. Patients with diseases causing interocular latency differences may complain of visual discomfort and perceptual distortions yet perform normally in standard clinical tests. A simple procedure to minimize differences in interocular latency and provide relief from visual disturbances arising from this abnormality is described. PMID- 7124898 TI - Mydriatic effectiveness of dilute combinations of phenylephrine and tropicamide. AB - The effects of two solutions, each consisting of a combination of tropicamide and phenylephrine at lower than conventional concentrations, were studied in 79 students at Pacific University College of Optometry. Clinically effective diameters (CED's), measured when the eye was illuminated for direct ophthalmoscopy, were followed for 90 min after mydriatic instillation. Intraocular pressure (IOP), systolic arterial blood pressure (sBP), and the systolic BP/IOP ratio were also monitored for 90 min. Both combination A (0.25% tropicamide + 1.25% phenylephrine) and combination B (0.125% tropicamide + 2.0% phenylephrine) produced CED's as large as produced by 0.5% tropicamide in the opposite eye. By combining a low concentration of a sympathomimetic with a parasympatholytic agent, it is possible to achieve mydriasis superior to that produced by 0.5% tropicamide or 2.5% phenylephrine while reducing the risk of systemic or ocular side effects. PMID- 7124900 TI - Eye and contact lens movement measurement. AB - An accurate and relatively simple method of measuring eye and contact lens movement has been developed. A hidden ultra-high-speed motion picture camera, a digital film data analyzer, and computer data reduction are used to define and separate eye, head, and contact lens movements. The technique has an eye rotational accuracy of about 0.2 degrees and a linear translational accuracy of better than 0.05 mm over a field of view of more than 60 degrees. This procedure requires no extraneous hardware, fixtures, or eye restraints, so data can be obtained in a natural environment. It provides a method of evaluating motility training procedures, studying contact lens fitting methods, and investigating tear pumping mechanisms. PMID- 7124899 TI - Funduscopic systems: a comparison of magnification. AB - The magnification properties of several funduscopy techniques are compared. These techniques include direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy, and slitlamp funduscopy with accessory lenses, such as the Hruby lens and fundus contact lens. Two new approaches are taken in the determination of funduscopic magnification. As a standard, the magnification of direct ophthalmoscopy is assumed to be 1.0X. The magnification provided by other methods is compared to this to yield relative magnification. PMID- 7124902 TI - Rehabilitating a patient with bitemporal hemianopia. AB - For those with large field defects, employing totally reflecting mirrors or prisms to reflect information from non-seen areas also blocks out areas within the remaining functional field. A patient with large field defects commonly resists further encroachment upon any part of his limited field. Employing a 30 percent reflectance mirror retains the remaining field unencumbered (because this type of mirror is also semi-transparent) and provides information from the blind area by reflection. PMID- 7124903 TI - Oxygen measurements: dynamic vs static conditions. AB - Equivalent oxygen percentage (E.O.P.) responses, using a mammalian corneal model, were measured for open-and closed-eye conditions with the presence of a Permalens contact lens. Under open-eye conditions, the E.O.P. responses agreed with those measured or predicted by other investigators. However, under closed-eye conditions, the E.O.P. responses were significantly different from those measured or predicted by other investigators. This discrepancy is discussed in terms of its clinical significance for extended wear contact lens patients. PMID- 7124901 TI - A comparison of three methods of measurement of toric soft lens orientation. AB - A group of five subjects were fitted with truncated toric soft lenses varying in minus cylinder power from 1 to 4 D in 1 D steps at axes of 90 and 180. After 15 min of lens wear, the location of the lens was measured by three techniques: the projected slitlamp photographic technique, measurement with a protractor graticule in the slitlamp eyepiece, and alignment of the slitlamp beam with markings on the lens. Analysis of the data by a four-level analysis of variance and a t-test showed no significant difference between the three methods of measuring the toric soft lens orientation. PMID- 7124904 TI - Interstitial accumulation of inhaled chrysotile asbestos fibers and consequent formation of microcalcifications. AB - Previous studies have shown that inhaled chrysotile asbestos impacts initially at the bifurcations of alveolar ducts in the lungs of rats. Asbestos fibers are transported through alveolar epithelial cells at these bifurcation regions to the interstitium during the 24-hour period after a 1-hour exposure. To further these studies, white rats were exposed to an aerosol of chrysotile asbestos for 1 hour. Animals were sacrificed, and the lungs were fixed by vascular perfusion immediately after and 1 month after exposure. Blocks of tissue were prepared for light and electron microscopy. We report here, at 1 month after exposure, that numerous asbestos fibers had accumulated within the lung interstitium at alveolar duct bifurcations. Many of these interstitial fibers were found in te center of intracellular microcalcifications. The presence of calcifications was proven by X ray energy spectrometric analysis of the inclusions in situ. Clear X-ray peaks for calcium and phosphorus were demonstrated. The authors propose that 1 month after a 1-hour exposure to chrysotile asbestos, fiber-induced membrane injury in cells of the lung interstitium leads to formation of microcalcifications. This may represent the presence of early cell injury in the initial pathogenetic sequence of asbestosis. PMID- 7124905 TI - Morphometric studies of the renomedullary interstitial cells of Dahl hypertension prone and hypertension-resistant rats. AB - Two strains of rats, one genetically sensitive (the Dahl S rat) and the other resistant (the Dahl R rat) to the hypertensive effect of a high-salt diet were studied morphometrically for determination of whether any anatomic differences were present in the renomedullary interstitial cells (RICs) that might help explain these strain differences. The rats resistant to the hypertensive effects of sodium chloride had more RIC than those from the sensitive strain. In addition, they were more heavily granulated. These findings may be related to the known antihypertensive function of the RICs and may help explain observed differences in the prostaglandin metabolism of the Dahl S and R rats. PMID- 7124907 TI - Numbers and types of asbestos fibers in subjects with pleural plaques. AB - The authors analyzed asbestos fibers in lung samples from 20 subjects with pleural plaques discovered on autopsy and compared the findings to their previous analyses of lungs from subjects with little or no asbestos exposure and no plaques. Sixteen of the subjects with plaques had a history of exposure to asbestos. The authors used electron-optical methods and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy to investigate the structure, diffraction patterns, and chemical composition of the asbestos fibers. The subjects with plaques had significantly higher median concentrations than the control subjects for amosite and crocidolite fibers (P less than 0.01) but not for the other fiber types. Minimal microscopic asbestosis was present in the 3 subjects who had the highest amosite concentrations. In the subjects with typical plaques, a history of asbestos exposure, and more fibers than in the control population, the relation of the plaques to asbestos was confirmed; for others, it was uncertain. PMID- 7124909 TI - Chemotactic and mitogenic components of the alveolar macrophage response to particles ad neutrophil chemoattractant. AB - The pulmonary response to instilled particulates involves initial efflux of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and increased production of alveolar macrophages (AMs). The relationships of the cell migration and division components of the AM production to the initial PMN response after intrapulmonary carbon or latex administration are examined. Supernatants of lung lavages taken during early PMN migration to the alveoli promote sequential migration of PMNs, migration of monocytes, and division of pulmonary interstitial cells in normal mice. Supernatants taken during the phase of increased cell division in the lung produce no such effects, implying tht factors responsible for chemotaxis and mitosis are generated rapidly and are short-lived. A possible source is the interaction of AMs with particles, since supernatants of such incubations induce an inflammatory response in vivo. Similarly, when a synthetic chemoattractant is used, efflux of PMNs is followed by macrophages arising from migration of monocytes and from division of interstitial cells. The results suggest that particulate instillation in the lung stimulates a standard inflammatory response in which rapid generation of a factor(s) chemotactic for PMNs also attracts mononuclear cells to the alveoli. The initial efflux of cells may be explained by migration from the blood, but continued demand or replacement requires mitotic activity of precursors. For the alveolar macrophages, this includes division of cells in the pulmonary interstitium. PMID- 7124908 TI - Spontaneous pituitary tumors in the Wistar/Furth/Ico rat strain. An animal model of human prolactin adenoma. AB - Twenty-three spontaneous pituitary tumors in 58 rats of Wistar/Furth/Ico strain were studied. The incidence is 38% in rats older than 10 months; it rises with age, with a maximum at 28-32 months (68.7%) and is higher in females (71.4%) than in males (35%) over 17 months. Light-microscopic and immunocytochemical studies revealed 20 prolactinomas in 19 rats (19/58, 32.7%) and 3 spongiocytic nonimmunostaining adenomas (3/58, 5.2%). The prolactinoma is often hemorrhagic. The cells, often arranged in sheets and agranular, are mostly positive with anti rat prolactin (rPRL) serum. They have few polymorph granules and a well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum. In the spongiocytic adenoma, the cells are arranged in cords. Their cytoplasm is slightly vacuolated. In prolactinoma-bearing rats, the mean plasma PRL value was 213 +/- 72.5 microgram/1 (SEM) (N = 15 +/- 1.8 microgram/1 [SEM]). A linear correlation was found between the logarithm of the tumoral pituitary weight or of the tumor size and the logarithm of the prolactinemia. Because of the analogies between these rat prolactinomas and 57 human prolactinomas, the Wistar/Furth/Ico rat strain is considered as a good animal model. PMID- 7124910 TI - Asbestos fibers and pleural plaques in a general autopsy population. AB - It has been claimed that symmetric lower zone pleural or diaphargmatic plaques are markers of asbestos exposure both in asbestos workers and the general population. In this study, total pulmonary asbestos burden was analyzed for 29 patients selected because pleural plaques were found at autopsy, and the results were compared with values obtained for 25 patients who had no occupational asbestos exposure. The average number of asbestos bodies in the plaque groups was 1732/g wet lung, and in the control group, 42/g wet lung. Uncoated asbestos fibers were extracted from lung and counted, measured, and identified by morphologic examination, electron diffraction, and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The total number of fibers/per gram wet lung in the plaque group (114 x 10(3)) was similar to that in the control group (99 x 10(3), as was the number of chrysotile fibers (51 x 10(3) versus 29 x 10(3)). However, the plaque patients had a marked increase in the number of the commercially used high aspect ratio amphiboles, amosite and crocidolite (50 x 10(3) versus 1 x 10(3). A retrospective history of fairly certain asbestos exposure was obtained for 16 of the plaque patients, and such a history correlated strongly with increased numbers of commercial amphiboles in lung. It is concluded that 1) in this general autopsy population, two subgroups of patients are present. About one half of the patients appear to have developed pleural plaques as a result of asbestos exposure, while the etiology of the plaques in the other half is unclear; 2) the presence of pleural plaques correlates with a modest (50-fold) increase in numbers of long high-aspect ratio commercial amphiboles in lung tissue but does not correlate with numbers of chrysotile fibers, noncommercial amphiboles, or the total number of asbestos fibers; 3) asbestos-induced lesions are related to a complex set of mineralogic parameters and not to mere numbers of fibers in lung. PMID- 7124906 TI - Acute experimental silicosis. Lung morphology, histology, and macrophage chemotaxin secretion. AB - The acute inflammatory reaction in the lungs of guinea pigs produced by the intratracheal injection of silica was assessed by histologic studies and whole lung lavage 1, 2, 4, 7, and 14 days after the intratracheal instillation of quartz particles or saline. In addition, lavaged macrophages were cultured in vitro, and the media were assayed for chemotactic factors. This exposure to silica produced a neutrophilic inflammatory response around terminal bronchioles that was well developed within 1 day after injection. Four days after injection, neutrophils were replaced by mononuclear cells; and by 7 days, loosely organized granulomas and collagen deposition were detected in the interstitium. The number of neutrophils (PMNs) recovered by lavage from experimental animals was greatest 1 day after injection and was significantly greater (P less than 0.01) than that for controls at all time points. In contrast, the number of macrophages recovered by lavage did not exceed control levels until 7 days after injection and remained elevated thereafter. Thus, the cells recovered by lavage tended to mirror the changes seen in the inflamed lung. In experiments utilizing blind-well chemotactic chambers, both peritoneal exudate neutrophils and macrophages migrated toward supernatants from cultures of alveolar macrophages lavaged from silica-exposed animals in greater numbers (P less than 0.02) than toward supernatant from control animal macrophage cultures at each time point. Migration of normal alveolar macrophages toward supernatants from all cultures was minimal. Thus, exposure to silica in vivo appears to be a potent stimulus for the release of neutrophil and monocyte chemotactic factors by alveolar macrophages in vitro. The correlation between the types of inflammatory cells identified in the lung both microscopically and by lavage and the chemotactic factors released in vitro by alveolar macrophages from these lungs suggests that alveolar macrophages play a role in mediating pulmonary inflammation in this form of experimental silicosis. PMID- 7124913 TI - EMG changes during acquisition of a motor skill. AB - Currently there are only a few studies which attempt to explain the neuromuscular changes which accompany skilled motor learning. Conflicting results have created the need for further research concerned with the electromyographical correlates of motor skill acquisition. A shuffleboard task was devised that isolated the triceps as the major agonist and the biceps as the major antagonist. Ten undergraduate males enrolled at Iowa State University participated in the study. Multivariate analysis and single degree of freedom components based on polynomial regression were used to test linear, quadratic and cubic trends for eight EMG characteristics plus movement time obtained from a systematic sampling of practice trials. Results indicated that trial period means for movement time, latency period and time to peak activity for the triceps exhibited significant linear trends (negative) during practice. No changes were seen in the integrated electromyograms for either the triceps or biceps. It was concluded that force parameters as measured by integrated EMG activity could be determined very early in the learning process and the distribution of these forces through various aspects of timing characterized learning. PMID- 7124911 TI - The role of complement in the induction of acute antibody-mediated vasculitis of rat skin grafts in the mouse. AB - Rat skin grafts carried by immunosuppressed mice can be acutely destroyed by intravenous administration of mouse anti-rat antibody. The velocity of the reaction and the histologic sequence of events depend on the amount of antibody administered: low doses give an Arthus-like rejection, whereas at high doses a Shwartzman-like pattern occurs. Depletion of C3 by cobra venom factor treatment did not prevent acute rejection after intravenous injection of high doses of antiserum but changed the reaction from a Shwartzman-like to an Arthus-like pattern. Conversely, supplementary administration of rabbit complement caused a violent Shwartzman-like graft destruction after injection of low doses of antibody, which in complement-normal mice gave an Arthus-like reaction. The results show that complement can greatly amplify the antibody-mediated immune vasculitis and can substantially modify its histologic pattern. It is, however, not an absolute requirement for the occurrence of the destructive process. PMID- 7124912 TI - Effect of ultrasound on glycosaminoglycan metabolism in the rabbit knee. AB - The effect of ultrasound therapy on glycosaminoglycan metabolism in articular cartilages, menisci and capsular tissues of rabbit knee was studied using both autoradiography and biochemical methods. Glycosaminoglycans were examined by determining the uronic acid, glucosamine and galactosamine contents and the specific radioactivity of galactosamine of the purified substances. A total of 31 rabbits were used, 13 of which received ultrasound treatment, power 1 W/cm2, to the right knee 5 minutes a day for five days. The specific radioactivity in separated glycosaminoglycans of the medial collateral ligament of the treated knee was 69% higher than that of the controls and 36% higher than that of the contralateral ligament. The same effect was seen in autoradiography. Glycosaminoglycan concentrations of articular cartilage, menisci and collateral ligament were unaltered. The result may indicate that the main effect of ultrasound therapy is on the capsular tissues of a healthy joint. PMID- 7124914 TI - Surface EMG power spectral analysis of neuromuscular disorders during isometric and isotonic contractions. PMID- 7124915 TI - Tooth eruption and browridge formation. AB - One of the most reasonable hypotheses regarding the functional significance of the browridge is that the supraorbital torus forms in response to masticatory stress during development. Oyen, Walker, and Rice (1979) have recently proposed a model that tests this hypothesis: if browridges are functionally related to masticatory stresses on the cranial vault, then changes in the biomechanics of the masticatory system ought to be reflected by changes in the browridge. To test their model they attempted to relate biomechanical discontinuities resulting from tooth eruption to episodes of bone deposition on the supraorbital tori of a developmental series of dry Papio crania. This paper reports on a parallel test of the model on a cross-sectional sample of Australian Aboriginal juvenile crania. This sample showed no relation between tooth eruption and the supraorbital surface morphology thought to be indicative of active bone deposition. It is also demonstrated that no significant relationship between tooth eruption and episodes of bone deposition is shown by the Papio sample. It is concluded that the use of small cross-sectional samples of dry crania does not provide a valid test of the model. PMID- 7124916 TI - High-resolution computed tomography for the comparative study of fossil and extant bone. AB - Special methods have been developed to use computed tomography (CT) for 3 dimensional imaging of both fossil and extant bones. Most commercial CT scanners cannot display the internal structure of fossils because the very high density is beyond the upper limits of the normal CT number scale (Hounsfield scale) of the scanners. X-ray projections from CT scans of fossils were modified by scaling the data to provide an expanded CT number scale, allowing the internal structure of highly fossilized objects to be visualized. These images were compared with state of-the-art, high-resolution CT images of extant bone. Special image reformatting software was used to provide qualitative and quantitative 3-dimensional imaging. The recent rapid advances in CT technology have made this imaging modality the procedure of choice in much of diagnostic radiology. Use of this tool in paleoanthropology has been limited in the past by restricted access to scanners. However, new developments in CT will make this technique available to many researchers in the near future. PMID- 7124917 TI - Discrete dental variations and biological distances of Nubian populations. AB - During the 1963-1964 field season, the University of Colorado's Nubian Expedition excavated a series of Meroitic, X-Group, and Christian cemeteries from Wadi Halfa Sudan. Recently a joint expedition sponsored by the Universities of Colorado and Kentucky excavated two additional Christian cemeteries from Kulubnarti, some 80 miles south of Wadi Halfa. Earlier analysis of discrete dental variations demonstrated that the Wadi Halfa populations did not differ significantly from one another. Application of the Smith-Grewal multivariate measure of biological divergence, as modified by Sjovold,, and Green and Suchey, corroborates the original conclusion of biological stability and continuity for the Wadi Halfa populations, as well as demonstrating that the Kulubnarti populations are part of that pattern. None of the populations are significantly different from one another. PMID- 7124919 TI - Mandibular movement patterns relative to food types in common tree shrews (Tupaia glis). AB - Although common tree shrews have long been considered a model system for early eutherian mastication, little information on mandibular movement patterns relative to specific food types has been reported. Detailed analysis of mandibular movement patterns when related to resulting attrition facets may permit more accurate extrapolations regarding the dietary habits of primitive mammals. Marker beads were sewn to chins of five animals that were placed in a restraint system and filmed while they fully masticated mealworm larvae and standardized pieces of banana, almond, and commercial cat chow. These sequences were divided into early, middle, and late thirds of food reduction. Mandibular positions from both frontal and lateral perspectives were digitized frame by frame to yield plots of orbits in three dimensions as well as graphic display of displacements, velocities, and accelerations. Plot coordinates were averaged to generate composite orbital shapes. Significant (p less than 0.01) findings included: (1) shortest orbital durations and greatest peak closing velocities and accelerations in early third of reduction; (2) smallest maximum gape, smallest maximum lateral excursion from midline, and longest duration of powerstroke relative to orbital duration in late third of reduction: (3) shortest orbital durations and smallest maximum gape during mastication of chow; (4) greatest maximum lateral excursion during mastication of mealworm larvae; and (5) smallest peak closing accelerations during mastication of banana. Significant differences were also found among subjects for all parameters examined. Capacity for complex jaw movement may have been critical for allowing primitive molars to be used for trituration of a variety of food types, and may have preceded evolution of more specialized molar forms. PMID- 7124918 TI - Allometric scaling in the dentition of primates and prediction of body weight from tooth size in fossils. AB - Tooth size varies exponentially with body weight in primates. Logarithmic transformation of tooth crown area and body weight yields a linear model of slope 0.67 as an isometric (geometric) baseline for study of dental allometry. This model is compared with that predicted by metabolic scaling (slope = 0.75). Tarsius and other insectivores have larger teeth for their body size than generalized primates do and they are not included in this analysis. Among generalized primates, tooth size is highly correlated with body size. Correlations of upper and lower cheek teeth with body size range from 0.90-0.97, depending on tooth position. Central cheek teeth (P44 and M11) have allometric coefficients ranging from 0.57-0.65, falling well below geometric scaling. Anterior and posterior cheek teeth scale at or above metabolic scaling. Considered individually or as a group, upper cheek teeth scale allometrically with lower coefficients than corresponding lower cheek teeth; the reverse is true for incisors. The sum of crown areas for all upper cheek teeth scales significantly below geometric scaling, while the sum of crown areas for all lower cheek teeth approximates geometric scaling. Tooth size can be used to predict the body weight of generalized fossil primates. This is illustrated for Aegyptopithecus and other Eocene, Oligocene, and miocene primates. Regressions based on tooth size in generalized primates yield reasonable estimates of body weight, but much remains to be learned about tooth size and body size scaling in more restricted systematic groups and dietary guilds. PMID- 7124920 TI - A factor analysis of cranial base and vault dimensions in children. AB - Lengths within the cranial base and vault were measured in cephalometric radiographs of 220 boys and 177 girls ranging in age from 0 to 15 years; all these children are participants in The Fels Longitudinal Growth Study. The present study is based on mixed longitudinal data derived from 1640 radiographs for boys and 1260 radiographs for girls. Factor analysis was applied separately for boys and girls for each age group; i.e., 0-3, 4-6, 7-9, 10-12, and 13-15 years. For the 0-3 year age group, two factors were extracted in each sex, whereas four factors were extracted in the rest of the age groups. The factor structures are similar in the three older age groups of boys (7-9, 10-12, and 13 15 years). The first four factors for these groups are labelled, respectively: cranial vault size, posterior cranial base length, presphenoid length, and basisphenoid length. The order of the third and fourth factors is reversed in the 7-9 year olds. For girls, the factors extracted were also the same in both the 7 9 and 10-12 year age groups, even though the order of factors was different between age groups; i.e., anterior cranial base length, cranial vault size, basisphenoid length, and basioccipital length. Differential growth rates among cranial base dimensions probably cause changes in factor patterns. Obliteration of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis is suggested as the mechanism responsible for the change of factor pattern in the girls. closure of this synchondrosis would have occurred too late to affect the patterns in boys. PMID- 7124921 TI - Problems of sampling and inference in the study of fluctuating dental asymmetry. AB - Randomly distributed or "fluctuating" dental asymmetry has been accorded evolutionary meaning and interpreted as a result of environmental stress. However, except for congenital malformation syndromes, the determinants of human crown size asymmetry are still equivocal. Both a computer simulated sampling experiment using a combined sample size of N = 3000, and the requirements of adequate statistical power show that sample sizes of several hundred are needed to detect population differences in dental asymmetry. Using the largest available sample of children with defined prenatal stresses, we are unable to find systematic increases in crown size asymmetry. Given sampling limitations and the current inability to link increased human dental asymmetry to defined prenatal stresses, we suggest that fluctuating dental asymmetry is not yet established as a useful and reliable measure of general stress in human populations. PMID- 7124922 TI - Differential long bone growth of children between two months and eleven years of age. AB - Diaphyseal lengths of the humerus, radius, femur and tibia of upper-middle class While children between two months and 11 years of age show positive allometric growth, indicating substantial shape or proportional change. The segments of the lower extremity display greater allometric increase than the humerus and radius; variation in relative growth within each extremity is small and inconsistent. Sex differences are consistent, with slightly greater proportional increases demonstrated for boys. The results suggest that absolute intralimb variation in growth, following a disto-proximo growth or maturity gradient, is due to initial differences in size or scale and not to differences in patterns of growth. Developmental variation between extremities is due to scaling plus variation in relative growth patterns. PMID- 7124923 TI - A new measure of growth efficiency: skull base height. AB - Skull base height increases significantly with better nutrition and health conditions, as seen in comparing 163 nineteenth to twentieth century dissecting room skeletons (Terry Collection) with 237 modern American middle-class adults (forensic and willed skeletons). The increase parallels the change in pelvic inlet depth index, known to respond sensitively to nutrition, and in stature, and is over six times greater than the general skull size change. Skull base height (porion-basion) is easy to measure with depth gauge and sliding caliper, or by subtraction, and is in adult a sensitive indicator of childhood growth stress. PMID- 7124924 TI - Comparison of ultrasound and skinfold measurements in assessment of subcutaneous and total fatness. AB - Ultrasound (A-scan mode) and skinfold methods were evaluated in the measurement of subcutaneous fat thickness and prediction of total fat weight (by whole body potassium counting). Based on intraobserver correlations on 39 men at 15 body sites, skinfold caliper measurements were more reproducible than ones obtained by ultrasound. Measurements made with the two techniques at the same site typically produced different mean estimates of fat thickness. However, scores were often highly correlated with each other, indicating similar relative rankings of subjects by each technique. Skinfolds were more highly correlated with total fat weight than were ultrasound measurements, but body weight. Anthropometric measurements were highly correlated with fatness because of their association with body weight, and when this relationship was statistically controlled for, they typically lost their predictive effectiveness. Multiple regression analyses revealed that the best predictors of fat weight were body weight along with skinfold and ultrasound measurements. These results suggest that skinfolds are a more effective means of assessing subcutaneous fat than ultrasound, especially when the large difference in cost of equipment is considered. PMID- 7124925 TI - The biocultural evolution of Khoisan populations of Southern Africa. AB - The research presented here offers new information on the recent evolution of Khoisan populations of southern Africa through the new study of Holocene skeletons. When combined with subfossil and historical remains, these archeological specimens provide a skeletal record for the last 5000-9000 years of southern African prehistory. Multivariate statistical analyses of cranial measurements were used to determine patterns of morphological variation in the skeletal record with which hypotheses of biocultural evolution were tested. These analyses yielded the following results. First, the traditional distinction between Bushmen ad Hottentots holds for recent inland individuals. Second, there is a suggestion of a morphologically distinct San population living on the coast of South Africa. The idea of a "Strandloper" population suggested by early scholars is here revived. The third results is that there is little evidence of complete population succession on the coast of South Africa,, suggesting that there were to massive population movements associated with the spread of Hottentot pastoralism throughout southern Africa. PMID- 7124926 TI - On error due to graduation of scaling for anthropometry. AB - It is shown that the measurement error due to graduation of scaling for anthropometric variables usually follows a uniform distribution. The result is used to investigate to what extent graduation in anthropometric scales affects th short-term intrasubject variance. It is seen that for commonly used graduations the effect is not to be considered substantial. PMID- 7124927 TI - Reported versus measured adult statures. AB - Reported and measured statures were obtained for 100 husband-wife pairs. In addition, wives were asked to specify whether their husbands were tall, medium, or short. Correlations between reported and measured statures are high (0.84 0.97) and wives tend to overestimate their own measured stature by about 1 cm, and that of their husbands by about 1.3 cm. Wives correctly classify their husbands as tall, medium, or short in about 70% of the cases, using terciles of the stature distribution of American men as the standard. Reported statures may be useful proxies for measured statures for certain purposes. In the absence of measured or reported statures, a wife's categorization of her husband as tall, medium, or short may be satisfactory for some group studies. PMID- 7124928 TI - The use of the coefficient of agreement and likelihood ratio test to examine the development of the tympanic plate using a known-age sample of fetal and infant skeletons. AB - Previous attempts to use the development of the tympanic plate as an aging standard for fetal and infant cranial remains have either produced only a developmental sequence (Anderson, 1960), or a sequence for which age has been estimated using another independent aging standard (Weaver, 1979). Following an evaluation of the first three stages of development of the tympanic plate using a known-age-sample of fetal and infant skeletal remains, a simple test of interobserver agreement, Cohen's coefficient of agreement (Cohen, 1960), is demonstrated using the developmental stages. PMID- 7124929 TI - A reexamination of the effects of high rearing temperature on the nonolfactory turbinates of rats. AB - The nasoturbinates and maxilloturbinates have previously been reported to be completely resorbed in Wistar rats reared at 32-33 degrees C from 3 weeks to 6 months of age. The phenomenon was reinvestigated for the first time in the experiments reported here, with dramatically different results. Rats reared at 33 degrees C and 53% relative humidity proved to have naso- and maxilloturbinates of almost the same size as rats reared at 21 degrees C. After effects of skull and rostral size on turbinate size had been statistically removed, rearing temperature proved not to be important in explaining differences in turbinate widths or turbinate separation, but temperature and sex had significant interactive effects on turbinate lengths. Reasons why the turbinates were completely lost in the previous study but largely retained in the present study are unclear and probably subtle, given that procedures in the two studies were closely similar. Loss of the nonolfactory turbinates is demonstrably not a consistent response--adaptive or otherwise--to rearing under hot conditions, and probably factors in addition to temperature are critical to turbinate development. PMID- 7124930 TI - Segregation distortion at the transferrin locus in Macaca mulatta. AB - The transferrin phenotypes of 256 rhesus monkeys and their parents were identified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The segregation ratio for phenotypes involving only alleles of high electrophoretic mobility was statistically significantly higher than expected and suggests that selection favors these more negatively charged transferrins. Electrostatic-dependent processes associated with the binding and transportation of iron might be responsible for this outcome. PMID- 7124932 TI - Microevolution in prehistoric Andean populations: I. Chronologic craniometric variation. AB - Mahalanobis D2 statistics (with size and shape components) were computed for nine craniometric variables among five prehistoric groups representing steps in the microevolutionary history of a coastal population in Northern Chile. Roughly 80% of craniometric variation was found to be explained by chronologic distance covering a period of roughly 6500 years. Kinship decreases in this population at a relatively constant rate of 8.6 X 10(-5) per year. PMID- 7124931 TI - Tooth crown size differences between age groups: a possible new indicator of stress in skeletal samples. AB - Juveniles and adults from a prehistoric Amerindian skeletal series from Tennessee are compared for differences in the means and variances of the buccolingual dimensions of their permanent teeth. While there are no significant differences in variance, it is found that juveniles exhibit significantly smaller mandibular canines, first premolars, and first molars. The results are similar to those of a previous examination of an Amerindian skeletal collection from South Dakota. There is evidence to suggest that teeth may fail to develop to their maximum genetic size potential when there is interference from exogenous chronic stressors such as malnutrition or disease. Archaeological and biological evidence demonstrates that both the Tennessee and South Dakota series represent groups that suffered considerably from environmental stressors. It is suggested that those persons who suffered most were more likely to die prematurely, thus explaining why juvenile skeletons tend to have smaller teeth. The conclusion is that the examination of age variation in crown size can be a useful supplement to other osteological indicators of stress in skeletal collections. The factor of sex ratio and the implications of the results for other kinds of dental metric studies are discussed. PMID- 7124933 TI - Physical growth of St. Lawrence Island Eskimos: body size, proportion, and composition. AB - Growth patterns of body size, proportion, and composition were analyzed in 57 male and 56 female Eskimos from St. Lawrence Island in the Bering Sea, ranging in age from 1.23 through 19.82 years. Age-groups means for whites and blacks of the U.S. Health Examination Survey served as reference data. Relative to HES data, the Eskimo sample were shorter with lower values for leg length, while there were no differences from the reference values for sitting height. The Eskimos also had higher values of Quetelet's Index, the sitting height/height ratio, and the upper arm muscle circumference, while there were no differences in body weight or triceps skinfold thickness. Differences from the reference data were more pronounced in males than in females. The growth patterns for size and body proportion are in conformity with known relationships between morphology and climate. PMID- 7124935 TI - Inheritance of digital arches in humans: is the major gene fully penetrant? AB - From the fingertip pattern analysis of 125 families with 376 children from Velanadu Brahmin and 100 families with 286 children from Telaganya Brahmin caste sects of Andhra Pradesh, India, the occurrence of an arch on at least one of the ten finger tips is shown to be aggregated in families. The mode of aggregation is in conformity with a major dominant gene with 0.28 chance of penetrance. This is to some extent contradictory to the result published from the analysis of a single Habbanite Jewish pedigree. Some implications of this discordant result are also discussed. PMID- 7124934 TI - A method of analyzing density-dependent vital rates with an application to the Gainj of Papua New Guinea. AB - A method of estimating age-specific coefficients of density-dependent variation in fertility and mortality is developed; the method is applicable to longitudinal data on population size and the number of births and deaths classified by age. Given a sufficiently large data set, it is possible to estimate both the sensitivity of each age class to density-dependent damping and the density effect of each age class on every age class in the population. Application of the method to government census data on the Gainj, a small tribal population from highland Papua New Guinea, shows that fertility is density-independent, but that mortality is at least partially density-dependent. This finding suggests that the size of the population is regulated by mortality rather than fertility. Individuals aged less than five years and greater than 50 years are particularly sensitive to density-dependent survival damping; individuals of adolescent and early reproductive age are not themselves damped, but appear to be responsible for the observed damping. PMID- 7124937 TI - The identification of isolated maxillary molars. PMID- 7124938 TI - Skeletal tuberculosis, pelvic contraction, and parturition. AB - Obliquely contracted pelvis was observed in association with tuberculosis and dystocia (difficult parturition) in four out of 762 childbearing women in a Southeast Asian population. It is hypothesized that the pelvic contracture results from tuberculosis of the sacro-iliac joint with destruction of the sacral ala. This gross morphologic deformity, as observed in living populations, may be a useful marker for skeletal tuberculosis in prehistoric and historic populations as well. The occurrence of obliquely contracted pelvis with consequent dystocia as a specific complication of systemic tuberculosis may have direct implications for differential reproductivity. PMID- 7124936 TI - A new fossil cebine from Hispaniola. AB - An incomplete mandibular fragment of a cebine monkey from an early Holocene Haitian cave deposit adds to the small but growing list of fossil Antillean primates. The jaw is of the correct size to belong to the same taxon as the partial maxilla of "Saimiri" bernensis from the Dominican Republic. Both finds probably represent a single species whose proximate ancestry lay closer to Cebus than to Saimiri, although more evidence will be required to substantiate this. No close relationship of the Hispaniolan fossils to the Jamaican platyrrhine Xenothrix is indicated. How monkeys managed to penetrate the West Indies is a biogeographical puzzle of the first order. Geographical vicariance events, island hopping, and purposeful or inadvertent introduction by humans seem rather implausible devices. On the whole, long-distance, over-water rafting from the Americas remains the most likely mechanism for past land vertebrate immigration into the Caribbean. PMID- 7124939 TI - Inbreeding in three captive groups of rhesus monkeys. AB - Using electrophoretic and serological genetic markers each of 17 potentially inbred matings in three groups of rhesus monkeys could be classified as either inbred or noninbred matings. Although nine of these 17 matings involved either father-daughter or paternal half-sib matings, only 7.4 were expected by chance alone. At least two, and possibly as many as three, of the nine cases of inbreeding involved father-daughter matings. Thus, no evidence of avoidance of inbreeding was observed in the closed captive groups of rhesus monkeys studied. Colony management policies must be developed to minimize the opportunity for or the deleterious effects of both father-daughter and half-sib matings. Furthermore, kin selection theory should consider why kin recognition, if it occurs, does not lead to avoidance of inbreeding. PMID- 7124940 TI - The functional morphology of caudal vertebrae in New World monkeys. AB - New World monkeys vary considerably in the manner and degree to which they use their tails. There ought to arise a corresponding variation in the stresses on caudal vertebrae. Consequently, different behavior types will have contrasting caudal morphologies. This study investigates caudal morphology of several New World monkeys representing the large range of ability from totally nonprehensile tails to the dexterous fifth limb of spider monkeys. One large-bodied, nonprehensile-tailed Old World monkey is included to offset the correlation between size and degree of prehensility in New World monkeys. These monkeys vary both within and between species as to the number of caudal vertebrae and the length of individual vertebrae. Despite this variation, the length of caudal vertebrae within a given tail decreases at a constant rate across species. The width of the vertebrae at two points, midbone and the proximal end, separates the monkeys with prehensile tails from those with nonprehensile tails. The middle of the vertebrae is wider and more robust in prehensile-tailed forms. This is associated with stronger bones in tails subject to greater stress. THe proximal width of each bone is also greater in the prehensile-tailed monkeys. This measure reflects the lateral development of the proximal transverse process. This provides a larger lever arm for M. caudalis lateralis, implying greater rotational ability. PMID- 7124942 TI - Osmotic control of plasma vasopressin in the dog. AB - Seven dogs prepared with carotid loops were used to evaluate the responsiveness of the cerebral osmoreceptors regulating plasma vasopressin concentration (pAVP). Intracarotid and intravenous infusions of hypo- and hypertonic solutions were used to alter cerebral plasma osmolality. Bilateral intracarotid infusion of hypertonic saline (0.90 mmol NaCl kg-1 . min-1 . artery-1) significantly elevated jugular vein plasma osmolality (pOsm) in the first minute (P less than 0.05). Systemic values, determined from saphenous vein samples, were increased after 6 min. After 4 min of infusion, systemic pAVP was significantly increased, attaining a constant level at 6 min. Subsequent experiments with infusions 6 min in duration demonstrated that hypertonic saline infused intracarotidly significantly increased pAVP in a dose-related fashion, whereas similar solutions administered intravenously did not alter pAVP. Hypotonic infusions (intravenous or intracarotid) did not change pAVP consistently. The lack of a depression in pAVP during hypotonic infusions is consistent with the argument that jugular pOsm must be elevated above a threshold to stimulate the release of vasopressin. Linear relationships were demonstrated for jugular pNa+ and pOsm to pAVP employing the threshold model. Cerebral osmoreceptors that regulate plasma vasopressin concentration respond linearly to increasing tonicity above a threshold stimulating the release of vasopressin. PMID- 7124941 TI - Inhibition of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1-hydroxylase by chronic metabolic acidosis. AB - Chronic metabolic acidosis had been shown to influence the renal metabolism of 25 hydroxyvitamin D3. Using the isolated perfused rat kidney model, we evaluated the rates of synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] in vitamin D depleted [D(-)] and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24,25(OH)2D3] in vitamin D-replete [D(+)] rats. Metabolic acidosis was induced in both groups of rats by feeding aqueous ammonium chloride for 9 days. Kidneys isolated from D(-) acidotic rats (mean pH, 7.11) exhibited a decreased rate of 1,25(OH)2D3 synthesis (0.79 +/- 0.17 pmol produce . h-1 . g kidney-1) when compared with that (1.27 +/- 0.09) of D(-) nonacidotic (mean pH, 7.33) rats. There was a significant negative linear correlation between the rate of synthesis of 1,25(OH)2D3 and the hydrogen ion concentration of the animal (r = 0.79, P less than 0.005). The rate of synthesis of 24,25(OH)2D3 by the kidneys from D(+) acidotic (mean pH, 7.06) and nonacidotic (mean pH, 7.39) rats did not differ (0.81 +/- 0.21 vs. 0.60 +/- 0.12 pmol product . h-1 . g kidney-1). It is concluded that chronic acidosis suppressed 1 hydroxylase activity, but does not suppress 24-hydroxylase activity. PMID- 7124943 TI - N tau-methylhistidine release: contributions of rat skeletal muscle, GI tract, and skin. AB - The relative contributions of skeletal muscle, gastrointestinal tract, and skin to urinary N tau-methylhistidine (MH) excretion were estimated during in vitro studies using the rat hemicorpus preparation. After 0.5 h of perfusion, MH release into the perfusate was linear for 3 h and averaged 29.8 nmol . h-1 . 100 g hemicorpus-1. In vivo, 24-h urinary MH excretion averaged 37.3 nmol . h-1 . 100 g body wt-1. The ratio of soft tissue to skin weight is equal (3.2:1) in the whole rat and in the hemicorpus. The gastrointestinal tract released 16.0 nmol . h-1 . 100 g body wt-1 or approximately 41% of the total urinary MH excretion. Preparations perfused with or without skin showed modest differences in the rate of MH release that were not statistically significant. Skeletal muscle contains 89.8% of total body MH content, whereas gastrointestinal tract and skin contain 3.8 and 6.4%, respectively. Gastrointestinal tract actomyosin turns over rapidly with a fractional catabolic rate of 24%/day versus 1.4%/day for skeletal muscle actomyosin. PMID- 7124944 TI - Catecholamine-thyroid hormone interaction on myocardial ornithine decarboxylase. AB - Myocardial phosphorylase alpha activity responds to stimulation by catecholamines and thyroid hormone. In hyperthyroidism this enzyme is supersensitive to beta adrenergic stimulation and blockade, indicating that its increased activity is an indirect effect of thyroid hormone. Myocardial ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity also responds to catecholamine and thyroid hormone stimulation. In the present studies, we sought to determine whether ODC shares the responses of phosphorylase alpha in hyperthyroidism. As opposed to euthyroid rats, isoproterenol acutely inhibited myocardial OCD activity in hyperthyroid rats. Timolol (60 mg/kg) injected immediately before the isoproterenol blocked this paradoxical inhibitory effect, defining it as beta-adrenergic. When timolol (100 mg/kg), distributed over a 24-h period, was administered during the 3 days of triiodothyronine (T3) administration, it blocked the T3 stimulation of myocardial OCD activity by 35%. However, timolol affected weight gain of the hyperthyroid rats. When fasted rats were used, timolol was without effect on T3-induced myocardial ODC stimulation. Timolol was also without effect on T3-induced stimulation of hepatic ODC or on T3-induced cardiomegaly. Timolol did decrease the T3-induced tachycardia. In summary, in the hyperthyroid heart, 1) isoproterenol paradoxically inhibits myocardial ODC activity and 2) timolol, when food intake is not a variable, is without effect. We conclude that the effect of thyroid hormone on myocardial ODC is not mediated by change in catecholamine sensitivity. Thus the behavior of phosphorylase alpha does not represent a general enzymatic phenomenon. PMID- 7124945 TI - Altered release of growth hormone and thyrotropin induced by endotoxin in the rat. AB - Plasma growth hormone (GH) and thyrotropin (TSH) levels were measured in freely behaving rats for 6 h on three consecutive days. On the 1st and 3rd days there was no treatment, and on the 2nd day endotoxin (150 mg/kg) was administered intravenously. Endotoxin causes a biphasic temperature response: an initial hypothermia persisting for 1 h, followed by hyperthermia evident from 5 to 8 h after injection. Normal pulsatile GH release observed on the 1st day was abolished on the 2nd day by the endotoxin treatment. On the 3rd day, however, GH secretion was greater than on the initial control day. TSH release was also suppressed by endotoxin and showed a rebound release on the subsequent day. The suppression of GH secretion by endotoxin was reversed in all animals by antisomatostatin serum, and the suppression of TSH secretion by endotoxin was reversed in some animals. These results suggest that endotoxin is a potent stimulus for hypothalamic somatostatin release in the rat. Endotoxin profoundly alters adenohypophyseal hormone release. PMID- 7124946 TI - Acetylcholine-induced vasodilation without natriuresis during control of interstitial pressure. AB - Increased renal blood flow and increased renal interstitial pressure have been proposed as mechanisms for the natriuresis caused by vasodilation with acetylcholine. We tested the hypothesis that the natriuresis due to acetylcholine is associated with the increase in interstitial pressure rather than with the increase in blood flow. Experiments were performed in decapsulated kidneys that, along with partial aortic clamping, allowed dissociation of the increases in renal interstitial pressure and blood flow. At the beginning of intrarenal acetylcholine infusion (2 micrograms . kg-1 . min-1), the aorta was clamped so that a vasodilation occurred without an increase in interstitial pressure. A response to acetylcholine was also obtained when interstitial pressure was allowed to increase. During this response, renal blood flow, interstitial pressure, and fractional sodium excretion increased. During control of interstitial pressure, renal blood flow increased, but fractional sodium excretion did not change. Thus, when interstitial pressure was controlled, the acetylcholine-induced vasodilation did not result in an increase in fractional sodium excretion. These results demonstrate that an increase in renal interstitial pressure is required for the natriuresis associated with acetylcholine-induced vasodilation. PMID- 7124947 TI - Sodium transport in the rabbit connecting tubule. AB - Connecting tubules were dissected from rabbit kidneys and perfused in vitro with a solution identical to that in the bath. Transepithelial sodium fluxes were measured with 22Na. The mean lumen-to-bath flux was 33.7 +/- 3.4 peq . cm-1 . s-1 and the mean bath-to-lumen flux was 13.4 +/- 3.4 peq . cm-1 . s-1. Thus, the net sodium transport was 20.3 peq . cm-1 . s-1, which is approximately 3--4 times higher than the one previously measured in cortical collecting ducts under similar conditions. The sodium permeability calculated from the bath-to-lumen measurements corrected for mean voltage was 1.22 x 10(-5) cm .s-1. The mean transepithelial electrical resistance was 31 omega . cm2. This sodium permeability is much higher and the electrical resistance much lower than those in cortical collecting ducts. Spontaneous transepithelial voltage was oriented negative in the lumen and ranged up to -42 mV at low perfusion pressures. When the perfusion pressure was increased, the voltage decreased to approximately -5 mV without any measurable change in the electrical resistance or the lumen-to bath sodium flux. PMID- 7124948 TI - Evaluation of bicarbonate transport in rat distal tubule: effects of acid-base status. AB - Previous micropuncture studies utilizing indirect methods to estimate bicarbonate transport in the rat superficial distal tubule have indicated that the distal bicarbonate reabsorptive process normally operates well below the saturation level. Recent studies from our laboratory failed to demonstrate a spontaneous acid disequilibrium pH in this segment, implying that the bicarbonate reabsorptive rate was less than previously estimated. The purpose of the present experiments were 1) to measure the rate of absolute bicarbonate reabsorption by the rat superficial distal tubule while controlling bicarbonate delivery, and 2) to examine the effects of alterations in acid-base status on the rate of bicarbonate reabsorption. Five groups of rats in different states of acid-base balance were studied. No significant bicarbonate reabsorption was detected in the control hydropenic, combined respiratory acidosis-metabolic alkalosis, acute respiratory acidosis, or acute metabolic acidosis groups. In contrast, metabolic acidosis of 3 days duration resulted in a significant bicarbonate reabsorptive rate of 52.6 +/- 13.9 pmol . mm-1 . min-1. The observation of significant bicarbonate reabsorption in the distal tubule only during chronic metabolic acidosis of 3 days duration is compatible with adaptation of this normally low capacity segment to chronic changes in systemic acid-base states. PMID- 7124949 TI - Distal acidification in the rabbit: role of diet and blood pH. AB - A distal acidification defect is said to exist in rabbits because this species does not achieve a normal urine minus blood (U-B) PCO2 gradient in response to sodium bicarbonate infusion. This observation contrasts with data derived from studies in isolated rabbit cortical collecting tubules that have shown an acidifying capacity when the tubules were obtained from acidotic animals. The present study was designed to examine the role of diet and blood pH on distal acidification in the rabbit. Maximal alkalinization of the urine by acute sodium bicarbonate infusion was associated with a low U-B PCO2 gradient (0.7 +/- 2.1 mmHg). Rabbits made acidotic by ammonium chloride administration for 1 wk achieved a substantial U-B PCO2 gradient (29 +/- 5 mmHg) in response to neutral sodium phosphate infusion. To further evaluate the role of blood pH on the ability to raise U-B PCO2 gradient, rabbits and rats made acidotic by chronic ammonium chloride administration were studied. Neutral sodium phosphate was then infused to stimulate distal acidification. At comparable levels of urinary phosphate concentration and blood pH, acidotic rabbits were able to achieve a U-B PCO2 (50 +/- 7 mmHg) comparable with that of acidotic rats (48 +/- 8.3 mmHg). These data show that the failure of rabbits to raise U-B PCO2 gradient can be partially corrected by prior exposure to acid in the diet and further corrected by maintaining the blood pH within the acidotic range. PMID- 7124951 TI - Kinetics, competition, and selectivity of tubular absorption of proteins. AB - Tubular absorption (T) of two cationic proteins, lysozyme (LZM) and cytochrome c (CYT c), and two anionic proteins, beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M) and 125I labeled human growth hormone (hGH), was studied in the isolated perfused rat kidney. All four proteins are extensively filtered and, at low loads, almost completely absorbed by the tubular epithelium. TLZM and TCYT c is a saturable process of high capacity (Tm) and low apparent affinity. (Tm)LZM was two orders of magnitude larger than (Tm)CYT c. LZM inhibited TCYT c in a dose-dependent and reversible manner. Saturating loads of CYT c failed to inhibit T beta 2M and ThGH. Saturation, selectivity, and competition is explained on the basis of a model that incorporates adsorption of protein to microvilli as well as geometric and electrical constraints on the access of filtered proteins to endocytic sites at the base of the microvilli. Tubular absorption of all proteins is decreased by inhibitors of the formation and/or internalization of endocytic vesicles (iodoacetate and cytochalasin B). However, lysine (5 mM) and low perfusate calcium concentration (0.5 mM) inhibited T beta 2M but not TCYT c and ThGH. The selective effect of 5 mM lysine, which causes morphologic damage in initial portions of the proximal convoluted tubule, may be due to preferential or exclusive absorption of beta 2 M in this portion of the nephron. The results as a whole demonstrate that in addition to net charge other structural features of the protein molecule and of the luminal wall of proximal tubules may be important determinants of the efficiency and capacity of the tubular absorption of filtered proteins. PMID- 7124950 TI - Mechanism of hypoalbuminemia in the 7/8-nephrectomized rat with chronic renal failure. AB - Hypoalbuminemia has been observed consistently in patients and experimental animals with chronic renal failure (CRF). A defect in albumin synthesis, catabolism, or distribution has been invoked as the cause, but there is no agreement as to which, if any, of these disorders results from the uremic state. We studied albumin homeostasis in 7/8-nephrectomized rats with CRF. Serum albumin concentration was lower in CRF (29.6 +/- 4.59 mg/ml) than in sham-operated control rats (36.3 +/- 4.3 mg/ml). Albumin synthesis, determined directly by measuring incorporation of 14CO2 into arginine in albumin, was increased in CRF rats as was total albumin clearance, measured using 125I-albumin disappearance. Rats with CRF were albuminuric. Albumin synthesis was increased by the amount necessary to replace urinary losses, but net albumin catabolism was the same as in control animals. Albuminuria was prevented by addition of excess tryptophan to the diet. Total albumin clearance and albumin synthesis were the same in these tryptophan-fed CRF animals as in CRF sham-operated animals, but these CRF rats were still hypoalbuminemic (33.6 +/- 5.27 vs. 36.3 +/- 4.3 mg/ml). Rats with CRF were plasma volume expanded. Institution of a low-sodium diet at the time of partial nephrectomy prevented plasma volume expansion and albuminuria as well. Serum albumin concentration, albumin distribution, pool sizes, and total albumin clearance remained the same as in CRF sham-operated animals. Hypoalbuminemia in CRF rats is due to two factors. Plasma volume expansion with pool dilution contributes 40% of the decrease and external albumin losses resulting from albuminuria contribute the other 60%. Albumin synthesis, catabolism, and distribution are intact. PMID- 7124952 TI - Heterogeneity of organic base secretion by proximal tubules. AB - Rabbit renal tubules were perfused in vitro to characterize the secretion of the organic base procainamide by proximal tubules. When [3H]-procainamide was added to the bath it was secreted into the tubule lumen. In tubules from superficial nephrons secretory rates were greatest in S1, intermediate in S2, and lowest in S3 segments. In juxtamedullary tubules secretory rates were greatest in S1 and S2 and lowest in S3 segments. Secretory rates of p-aminohippurate were greatest in S2 and lowest in S1 and S3 segments of both superficial and juxtamedullary nephrons. The results indicate that there is both axial and internephronal heterogeneity for the secretion of this organic base by rabbit proximal tubules. The segmental secretion of procainamide differs from that of p-aminohippurate. PMID- 7124953 TI - Role of histamine H1- and H2-receptors in postprandial intestinal hyperemia. AB - Studies were conducted in anesthetized dogs to assess whether histamine H1- and/or H2-receptors play a role in post-prandial intestinal hyperemia. The vascular and metabolic responses of jejunal segments to intra-arterial infusion of histamine and luminal placement of food before and after administration of tripelennamine, an H1-receptor antagonist, metiamide, an H2-receptor antagonist, and the combination of both antagonists were compared. Administration of the antagonists had no effect of jejunal blood flow and intestinal oxygen uptake (VO2). Tripelennamine or metiamide alone attenuated while the combination of both blocked the histamine-induced increases in blood flow and VO2. Metamide alone had no effect on the food-induced increases in flow and VO2. Tripelennamine significantly attenuated the food-induced increase in flow and blocked the increase in VO2. A 30% increase in flow was reduced to 15% after tripelennamine. The effects of tripelennamine plus metiamide were statistically the same as those of tripelennamine alone. It is concluded that endogenous histamines may play a role in postprandial intestinal hyperemia, and the effect is primarily mediated by the H1-receptors. PMID- 7124955 TI - Vagal control of migrating motor complex in the dog. PMID- 7124954 TI - Impaired bile acid efflux from hepatocytes isolated from the liver of rats with cholestasis. PMID- 7124956 TI - Aminopyrine accumulation by mammalian gastric glands: an analysis of the technique. AB - Isolated gastric glands from rabbits and parietal cells from dogs have recently become useful in studying the control and enzymatic mechanisms of gastric H+ secretion. The present studies were performed to determine the experimental variables that account for widely differing aminopyrine accumulation reported in various publications. We found that two principle factors were responsible for wide differences in aminopyrine accumulation. First, we found that commercially available aminopyrine contained an unidentified impurity that increased with storage. A procedure for purification is included. The contaminant is not accumulated in secreting gastric glands and thereby reduces the aminopyrine ratio that can be achieved. Mixing of glands appeared to be the second important variable. It was found that incubation in 1.5-ml capped conical polypropylene centrifuge tubes in the horizontal position with shaking in the long axis of the tubes gave aminopyrine ratios that were more than double the results obtained by other mixing techniques. In addition a gland density of 1--2 mg dry wt/ml glands and a mixing rate of 110 cycles/min gave the best results. Calculations indicate that, at high gland densities, even modest amounts of impurity in the aminopyrine will significantly reduce aminopyrine ratios. With optimal conditions our greatest aminopyrine ratio was 1,050, which suggests an H+ concentration of approximately 67 mM in the canaliculi and tubulovesicular membrane system of the parietal cell. Such a level of function approaches that of the intact in vivo organ. PMID- 7124957 TI - Portal-systemic shunt measurements in portal-hypertensive rats. PMID- 7124958 TI - Coherence of cardiac output with rate changes. AB - In awake or lightly anesthetized dogs increases in heart rate (HR) induced by atrial pacing affect cardiac output (CO) and stroke volume (SV) in a predictable way that is represented by a SV-HR relationship (dSV/dHR). Under our experimental conditions where normal regulation of atrial rate was bypassed, atrial rate was the independent variable and CO and SV were dependent variables. As HR is increased, CO and SV are modified by reflex and other circulatory regulators. The dSV/dHR relation characterized the circulatory response to increasing HR. A single dSV/dHR curve consistently predicted responses under a number of different conditions (standing, recumbent, awake, various anesthetics, beta-adrenergic stimulation, or depression) and thus appeared as an expression of cardiac function. Alterations of the circulation by stellate ganglion or vagal stimulation, volume loading, aortic compression, and ventricular pacing were not represented by the same dSV/dHR function. The dSV/dHR function (including its linear version as reported by others for anesthetized dogs) showed that, when SVs were larger at low rates, maximum CO occurred at a higher HR. Recognition of this arithmetic-based feature resolves apparent contradictory findings reported in the literature. PMID- 7124959 TI - Nonischemic myocardial hypoxia: coronary dilation without increased tissue adenosine. AB - Experiments were performed in 23 open-chest, anesthetized dogs to evaluate 1) the extent of coronary vasodilation during nonischemic hypoxia and 2) whether this dilation is associated with changes in cardiac concentrations of adenosine, inosine, and hypoxanthine. Three minutes of nonischemic myocardial hypoxia caused by selective perfusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) with hypoxic blood (PO2 = 11.7 Torr) increased coronary flow 623%, an increase that was not significantly different from that at the peak hyperemic response following 3 min of ischemic hypoxia secondary to LAD occlusion (+534%). Concentrations for adenosine and inosine (nmol/g) in myocardium sampled during nonischemic hypoxia [0.8 +/- 0.2 (SE) and 0.8 +/- 0.2, respectively] were significantly less than values during control conditions (1.7 +/- 0.3 and 1.4 +/- 0.2). Hypoxanthine concentrations did not differ for nonischemic hypoxia and control conditions. During ischemic hypoxia concentrations for adenosine (31.2 +/ 4.9), inosine (91.0 +/- 13.6), and hypoxanthine (44.0 +/- 15.3) were considerably greater than values during nonischemic hypoxia and during control conditions. The results indicate that nonischemic hypoxia induced pronounced coronary vasodilation similar to that during ischemic hypoxia, with reduced rather than with increased tissue concentrations of adenosine and inosine. These findings suggest that reduced myocardial oxygen tension may cause dilation of coronary resistance vessels by a direct relaxant effect on arteriolar vascular smooth muscle. PMID- 7124960 TI - Effects of autonomic activity and changes in heart rate on atrioventricular conduction. AB - The effects of autonomic neural stimulation and changes in atrial pacing frequency on atrioventricular (AV) conduction were determined in anesthetized open-chest dogs. Increases in vagal stimulation frequency and in pacing rate significantly increased the AV interval, whereas increases in sympathetic stimulation frequency reduced the AV interval. Vagal stimulation (1.4 Hz) prolonged the AV interval by 17 ms when the atrial pacing rate was 2 Hz. On the other hand, the same vagal stimulation increased the AV interval by 29 ms when the pacing rate was 2.73 Hz. In addition, sympathetic stimulation (1.2 Hz) reduced the AV interval by 29 ms when the pacing rate was 2 Hz. In contrast, the same sympathetic stimulation reduced the AV interval 54 ms when the pacing rate was 2.73 Hz. However, the increase in vagal stimulation did not significantly alter the positive dromotropic response of the AV node to sympathetic stimulation. Therefore, the response of AV conduction to combined sympathetic and vagal stimulation was essentially the algebraic sum of the responses to the individual stimulations. Furthermore, the level of activity in one autonomic division did not alter appreciably the interaction between the pacing rate and the activity in the other autonomic division; i.e., the interaction between pacing rate, sympathetic stimulation, and vagal stimulation was not significant. PMID- 7124962 TI - Comparison of carotid sinus baroreceptor sensitivity in newborn and adult rabbits. AB - The impulse activity in single baroreceptor fibers of the carotid sinus nerve to the carotid sinus was studied in newborn rabbits (9--11 days old) during nonpulsatile perfusion of in vitro carotid sinus preparations. Results were compared with those obtained from adult rabbits. Seventy-eight baroreceptor fibers from 10 newborn rabbits showed lower threshold pressure (54.6 +/- 2.5 mmHg) than that of 59 fibers from adult rabbits (74.2 +/- 4.1). The gain of 14 baroreceptors from newborn rabbits (0.62 +/- 0.07 impulses . s-1 . mmHg-1) was higher than that of 21 baroreceptors from adult rabbits (0.38 +/- 0.03). Results provided direct evidence that carotid sinus baroreceptors in the newborn animals were more sensitive to pressure changes than those in the adult. It is suggested that depressed baroreceptor reflex activity previously observed in most newborn animals is not due to underdeveloped afferent activity of the baroreceptors but to other mechanisms including the efferent control systems. PMID- 7124961 TI - Adenosine's role in coronary vasodilation induced by atrial pacing and norepinephrine. AB - If adenosine (ADO) mediates metabolic vasodilation in the heart, increases in interstitial ADO (ISF[ADO]) must accompany increases in coronary vascular conductance. We tested this using ADO release, defined as the difference in [ADO] in coronary venous and arterial plasma multiplied by coronary plasma flow, as an index of ISF[ADO]. Pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs received intravenous norepinephrine or left atrial pacing, and the resulting changes in coronary blood flow (delta CBF), conductance (delta C), myocardial oxygen consumption (delta VO2), and ADO release (delta RADO) were measured. If ISF[ADO] and C are coupled, the ratio delta RADO/delta C should be greater than zero. For dogs receiving atrial pacing, the ratios delta RADO/delta C, delta RADO/delta CBF, and delta RADO/delta VO2 equal -2.4 +/- 2.2 nmol . mmHg-1 . ml-1, -0.022 +/- 0.020 nmol/ml, and -0.13 +/- 0.12 nmol/ml, respectively. These values do not differ from zero. For dogs receiving norepinephrine, delta RADO/delta C, delta RADO/delta CBF, and delta RADO/delta VO2 equal 9.7 +/- 1.8, 0.051 +/- 0.017, and 0.44 +/- 0.13, respectively. These values are greater than zero (P less than 0.05). These differences between atrial pacing and norepinephrine infusion rate observed despite similar changes in C, CBF, and VO2. We conclude that ADO may mediate the vasodilation induced by norepinephrine, but not atrial pacing. PMID- 7124963 TI - Systemic and regional hemodynamic effects of endogenous vasopressin stimulation in rats. AB - We investigated the systemic and regional hemodynamic alterations induced in normotensive anephric rats by stimulation of endogenous vasopressin with an acute sodium and fluid load and following vasopressin inhibition with a specific antagonist of its vasoconstricting action. Blood pressure and total peripheral resistance were significantly higher and cardiac output was lower in rats with stimulated vasopressin, and all were reversed to near control levels in rats receiving the vasopressin inhibitor. Regional blood flows were diminished in most organs and local vascular resistance was elevated compared with control animals, but the magnitude of change varied widely. In fact, heart blood flow did not decrease significantly and brain blood flow actually increased indicating small or no change in vascular resistance of these organs. Moreover, fractional distribution of the diminished cardiac output to these organs was significantly higher, so that blood flow to vital organs was maintained at the expense of blood flow to other tissues. In rats that received the vasopressin antagonist after the saline infusion, regional blood flows were similar to those of control animals. Blood pressures at the base line and after hypertonic NaCl infusion correlated closely with the corresponding plasma levels of control and stimulated vasopressin. PMID- 7124964 TI - Effect of sympathetic nerve stimulation and cardiac denervation on MBF during LAD occlusion. PMID- 7124965 TI - Effect of norepinephrine on lymph flow and edema formation in the canine forelimb. AB - In the present study we sought evidence for the hypothesis that norepinephrine (NE) can cause constriction of lymph vessels in the canine forelimb perfused at constant flow. Mechanical venous compression (small-vein pressure approximately equal to 45 mmHg), intra-arterial infusion of histamine (16 micrograms base/min), and intra-arterial infusion of NE (16 micrograms base/min) caused the limbs to gain weight at similar rates due to edema formation; the first two maneuvers caused a sustained increase in skin lymph flow, but the increase in lymph flow with NE was only transient. Similar changes were seen during infusion of NE at 1 and 2 micrograms/min, and studies with radioactive microspheres indicated that NE increased capillary blood flow. When venous pressure was elevated and held constant at 45 mmHg. NE (4 micrograms base/min ia) antagonized and phentolamine (400 micrograms/min ia) potentiated the increase in skin lymph flow. Finally, NE (16 micrograms base/min ia) caused a reduction in histamine (16 micrograms base/min)-elevated skin lymph flow, despite the fact that capillary pressure was greatly increased due to active venous constriction. We conclude that intra arterial infusion of norepinephrine in the dog forelimb perfused at constant flow causes constriction of lymphatic trunk vessels in skin, resulting in increased resistance to the flow of lymph. PMID- 7124966 TI - Phospholipid phosphorylation in erythrocyte of spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - The rapid turnover of phosphoinositides within membranes suggests that these lipids play an important role in membrane function. Since various abnormalities have been described in the erythrocyte membrane of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) we have studied the turnover of phosphoinositides in the erythrocyte of SHR and age-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rat (WKY). This was achieved by measuring the incorporation of 32P into inositol lipids after incubation of 1) intact erythrocytes with [32P]orthophosphate and 2) isolated ghost membranes with [gamma-32P]ATP. In both series of experiments more than 99% of the radioactivity incorporated into lipids was into the polyphosphoinositides diphosphoinositide (DPI) and triphosphoinositide (TPI). In both intact erythrocytes and ghost membranes, the levels of 32P incorporated into DPI and TPI were significantly different in SHR than in WKY. Further analysis of factors known to influence the labeling of DPI and TPI indicated that this could be ascribed to decreased activities of phosphatidylinositol kinase and/or DPI kinase, with respect to ATP as substrate. Moreover comparison of data obtained in intact cells with those obtained with ghost membranes suggests that within the SHR erythrocyte, membrane cytosol interactions may occur that could also be responsible for the alteration of phosphoinositide labeling observed in hypertensive animals. Since phosphoinositides have been reported to be involved in the Ca2+-gating system of membrane, our findings could be associated with the abnormal Ca2+ binding and transport recently described in SHR erythrocyte. PMID- 7124967 TI - A study of rat intracerebral arterioles: methods, morphology, and reactivity. AB - Penetrating, intracerebral arterioles from rat were isolated, cannulated, and studied in vitro. Vessel wall elements were found to consist of an endothelial cell layer, one smooth muscle cell layer, and a thin adventitial layer or leptomeningeal sheath. Smooth muscle cell nuclei were oriented perpendicular to the vessel's longitudinal axis; endothelial cell nuclei were parallel to the axis. Mean vessel diameter with the smooth muscle inactivated (passive diameter) was 36.7 +/- 1.6 (SE) micrometer. Spontaneous smooth muscle tone developed at 37 degrees C and reduced vessel diameter to 70 +/- 4% of passive diameter. Vessels were activated by the extraluminal application of 140 mM KCl solution at pH 8.00, which produced a transient contraction that decayed within 30 s to a steady contraction of somewhat less intensity. Changes in intravascular pressure were used to alter wall tension of the vessels. Tension in the vessel wall was computed, and length-tension curves for the arteriolar smooth muscle were approximated. Length-tension relationships similar to those seen in other smooth muscle preparations were found with maximal estimated force development of 1.29 x 10(-5) N . m-2. Alterations of bath pH caused changes in vessel diameter that were inversely related to extraluminal pH and varied by approximately 77% in the range from pH 6.85 to 8.00. Adenosine dilated vessels to 140 +/- 6% of control diameter at a concentration of 10(-5) M. The mechanical characteristics and the reactivity to H+, K+, and adenosine of these vessels were quantitatively consistent with in vitro data from larger cerebral vessels and in vivo data from pial arteries. PMID- 7124968 TI - Inhibition of baroreflex bradycardia by aortic nerve excitatory afferents in dogs. AB - In dogs anesthetized with morphine-chloralose, low-frequency high-intensity stimulation of the aortic nerve (AN) causes a modest reflex tachycardia and a rise in systemic pressure. Stimulation of the carotid sinus nerve or raising pressure in the isolated carotid sinus causes reflex bradycardia and a fall in systemic pressure. Combined stimulation of these reflexes resulted in less bradycardia and a smaller decrease in systemic pressure than the sum of the responses to separate stimulation (P less than 0.001). This suggests that the opposing reflexes interact in a manner whereby the carotid baroreflex responses are inhibited by the AN stimulation. This interaction occurs in the medullary centers and appears to involve primarily suppression of the vagal efferents to the heart. Baroreflex inhibition of sympathetic vasomotor activity also appears to be suppressed by AN stimulation. It is concluded that aortic cardiac sympathetic activity and in part by suppressing baroreflex-induced bradycardia. PMID- 7124969 TI - Effect of an anteroventral third ventricle lesion on NaCl hypertension in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. AB - An anteroventral third ventricle (AV3V) lesion in the brain prevents several forms of experimental hypertension. The present experiment was designed to determine whether the AV3V lesion prevents NaCl-induced hypertension in Dahl salt sensitive (S) rats and whether attenuation of vasopressin release reported in lesioned rats contributes to the protective effect of the AV3V lesion against hypertension. After the AV3V lesion Dahl S rats received daily injections of either vasopressin (pitressin tannate, 500 mU/kg) or vehicle during 10 wk of 8% high-NaCl diet. Sham-lesioned rats served as controls. The blood pressure in sham lesioned rats receiving vehicle was 189 mmHg after 10 wk of high-NaCl diet. Lesioned rats given vehicle showed a significantly smaller increase in blood pressure than sham-lesioned rats (P less than 0.001), the blood pressure averaging 161 mmHg at 10 wk. Lesioned rats given vasopressin also showed a smaller increase in blood pressure than sham-lesioned rats (P less than 0.05), but the final blood pressure averaged 176 mmHg and was significantly higher than that of lesioned rats given vehicle (P less than 0.025). Vasopressin injections corrected the hypernatremia in lesioned rats. In another experiment the effect of the AV3V lesion on the renal papillary plasma flow (RPPF) in Dahl S rats was studied. Dahl S rats have a lower RPPF than Dahl salt-resistant (R) rats even on a low-NaCl intake. The AV3V lesion increased the RPPF by 14% in S rats (P less than 0.025). These findings suggest that NaCl-induced hypertension in Dahl S rats requires the integrity of the AV3V region for its full expression, and the ability of the AV3V lesion to attenuate the NaCl-induced hypertension in Dahl S rats is partly related to the attenuation of vasopressin release. Moreover, the AV3V lesion partly corrected one of the characteristic features of Dahl S rats, the reduction in RPPF, when compared with Dahl R rats, with both strains on a low NaCl intake. PMID- 7124970 TI - NAD/NADH: redox state changes on cat brain cortex during stimulation and hypercapnia. AB - The redox state of the anterior suprasylvian gyrus of cats was measured during electrical stimulation and under hypercapnia on cast immobilized and artificially respirated. The state of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD/NADH) redox system was monitored by in vivo fluorometry. Hypercapnia was produced by inhalation of 10, 15, and 30% CO2, respectively. Hypercapnic acidosis led to NADH oxidation. The NADH oxidation under 30% CO2 inhalation was significantly larger (-14.9 +/- 2.9%) than that observed under 10% (-6.5 +/- 1.9%) and 15% CO2 (-7.0 +/- 1.6%) inhalation. Under normocapnic conditions, stimulation induced NAD reduction to NADH (5.5 +/- 0.8%). The magnitude of the NAD reductive response to stimulation was unaffected by 10% CO2 inhalation, but it was decreased by 15 and 30% CO2 inhalation. The increased concentration of NADH upon stimulation is interpreted as resulting from an increased rate of substrate mobilization. The cause of the oxidation of the NADH pool of the cell during hypercapnia is partly due to the direct inhibitory effect of CO2 on the carbohydrate metabolism, but the role of other mechanisms cannot be neglected either. PMID- 7124971 TI - Adenosine and coronary blood flow in conscious dogs during normal physiological stimuli. AB - The role of adenosine in matching myocardial oxygen supply to demand by regulating coronary blood flow has been the subject of intensive study. The present experiments were designed to determine the relationship among myocardial oxygen consumption, coronary blood flow, and adenosine production as estimated by pericardial adenosine accumulation under several physiological conditions in the same animal. Conscious chronically instrumented dogs were used to measure changes in coronary blood flow, myocardial oxygen consumption, and pericardial adenosine accumulation during two levels of treadmill exercise, excitement caused by loud noises, and feeding (the presentation and consumption of a meal). The results show significant increases in the adenosine production with all experimental procedures and significant linear correlations between myocardial oxygen consumption and coronary blood flow (r = 0.78), myocardial oxygen consumption and adenosine production (r = 0.73), and adenosine production and coronary blood flow (r = 0.88). These data show that increases in adenosine production by the normally oxygenated myocardium can be the physiological mechanism for matching oxygen supply to increased oxygen demand in the conscious dog. PMID- 7124972 TI - A digital sonomicrometer for two-point length and velocity measurements. AB - We have designed, fabricated, and tested an improved digital sonomicrometer for two-point ultrasound measurements in the experimental cardiology laboratory. The system design incorporates state-of-the-art analog and digital circuitry and demonstrates 1) capability for either analog or digital output; 2) a resolution of +/- 0.15 mm, readily adjustable to +/- 0.03 mm as required; 3) excellent stability; 4) low cost; and 5) ease of operation by untrained personnel. The device was calibrated in vitro and successfully evaluated by making measurements of contractile motion in the myocardium of the open-chest dog. PMID- 7124973 TI - Long-term outcome of jejuno-ileal bypass surgery for superobesity: a psychiatric assessment. AB - In this study of the long-term psychosocial consequences of jejuno-ileal bypass, 24 patients were assessed with psychiatric interviews and psychological tests 4 12 years after the procedure. Twenty patients had had a good overall response to the surgery, and 4 had had a poor response. Most complications, physical and psychiatric, occurred during the first 3 years. Most patients with a good postoperative result maintained it for many years, gained occupationally and vocationally, were pleased with the results of the operation, and were willing to recommend it to others. Even those who had experienced complications tended to underrate their seriousness and to express satisfaction. PMID- 7124974 TI - Proximate effects of sexual abuse in childhood: a report on 28 children. AB - Of 28 sexually abused children (22 girls and 6 boys) aged 21/2 to 151/2 years, those suffering moderate to extreme emotional disturbance were female, unsupported by a close adult, molested by their father and by more than one male relative, genitally molested, and molested from an early age and over a long period. Twelve children were referred for psychiatric evaluation due to sexual abuse without apparent symptoms, and 5 solely due to symptoms, with sexual abuse unknown. The author suggests that child mental health professionals should improve their skills for identifying sexually abused children and help parents to be supportive of such children. PMID- 7124975 TI - Suicide attempts in children and adolescents. AB - In a review of pediatric hospital emergency room admissions over 7 years, the authors found 505 children and adolescents who had attempted suicide. There were three times as many girls as boys, and the boys were significantly younger. Features that distinguished them from matched controls were religion, living situation, substance abuse, current psychiatric illness, prior psychotherapy, and current medical illness. Their families had more psychiatric illness (primarily drug or alcohol abuse), suicide, paternal unemployment, and paternal and maternal absence than the controls' families. The suicide attempts usually occurred in the winter, after school or in the evening, at home with someone nearby, and by drug overdose. PMID- 7124976 TI - An epidemiologic study of problems associated with violence among psychiatric inpatients. AB - Approximately 11% of a 1-year sample of psychiatric inpatients from a single catchment area engaged in assaultive behavior before admission to the hospital. Among schizophrenic, alcoholic, and organic brain syndrome patients, assaultiveness was linked to emotional turmoil, as manifested by agitation and anger. In contrast, male patients with other diagnoses showed assaultiveness in the absence of substantial emotional distress, and patients with affective disorders were unlikely to exhibit assaultiveness even when high levels of agitation and anger were reported. The findings suggest that assessment and treatment of violent behavior in psychiatric patients are primarily linked to the nature of the underlying psychopathology. PMID- 7124977 TI - A follow-up study of rape victims. AB - Of 130 women initially seen in a general hospital emergency room after being raped, the authors were able to interview 41 of the women 1-21/2 years after the rape. Half of the women continued to fear being alone and three-quarters reported still being suspicious of others. Many also felt restricted in their daily lives and had self-reported episodes of depression and sexual problems, which they attributed to the rape; none had a history of mental or emotional disturbance. The authors recommend that short-term, issue-oriented therapy be made available for all rape victims, as well as resources for the treatment of long-term symptoms. PMID- 7124978 TI - Chronic mental patients: the quality of life issue. AB - Quality of life issues must be addressed more vigorously in the care of chronic mental patients. In a survey of 30 large board-and-care homes in Los Angeles, 278 mentally disabled residents described their life conditions and satisfaction in eight areas: living situation, family relations, social relations, leisure activities, work, finances, safety, and health. Residents were less satisfied than the general population in most life areas, especially finances, unemployment, safety, and family and social relations (p less than .001). Of particular concern was the finding that 34% had been recent victims of crime. The results underscore the need for better social programs for these patients. PMID- 7124979 TI - Development and validation of a Vietnamese-language depression rating scale. AB - The authors developed a depression scale in the Vietnamese language that contains culturally consistent items describing the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of depressed individuals and items describing common clinical characteristics of depressed Vietnamese patients. After pretesting, the preliminary 43-item scale was given to 21 depressed Vietnamese patients and a matched community sample of 44. Fifteen items accounted for 96% of the variance between the two groups and were used as the final form of the Vietnamese Depression Scale. A cutoff of 13 points (of a possible 34) identified 91% of the patients and 96% of the community sample. PMID- 7124980 TI - A study of DSM-III schizophreniform disorder. AB - Using five methods of validation the authors evaluated six patients satisfying DSM-III criteria for schizophreniform disorder. These patients did not differ importantly from patients with affective disorders but differed markedly from schizophrenic patients in past psychiatric history, family history, acute treatment response, short-term course, and dexamethasone suppression test results. The findings suggest that schizophreniform disorder, as defined by DSM III, may not be a valid entity separate from affective disorder and that acuteness of onset, even in the absence of affective symptoms, implies the presence of affective disorder. The authors suggest that a diagnosis of schizophreniform disorder should not exclude patients from treatment with lithium and antidepressants. PMID- 7124981 TI - Hysteroid dysphoria: an unsuccessful attempt to demonstrate its syndromal validity. AB - Hysteroid dysphoria has been described as a chronic illness characterized by recurrent periods of depression precipitated by a specific type of stress and associated with a histrionic personality. In addition, there are specific atypical symptoms. The authors tested the syndromal validity of this proposed category in a sample of 1,324 patients with mild depression reported on by psychiatrists in a questionnaire survey. They found 41 (3.1%) who fit a pattern consisting of the basic features of the condition. However, patients who fit this pattern were not more likely to have substantially more atypical symptoms than patients without this pattern. The authors conclude that the syndromal validity of hysteroid dysphoria is not supported. PMID- 7124982 TI - A comparison of hospitalized and nonhospitalized borderline patients. AB - The author compared 14 hospitalized borderline patients with 24 nonhospitalized patients given the same diagnosis. Twenty-nine clinical features of borderline patients were examined using the semistructured Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines. Although a few specific differences emerged in such areas as drug abuse, self-mutilation, and psychotherapy experience, both hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients manifested characteristic borderline traits of disturbed impulse-action patterns, psychotic experiences, poor regulation of affect, and disturbed interpersonal relationships. These findings are consistent with those of other studies and suggest that hospitalized and nonhospitalized borderline patients represent the same diagnostic entity. PMID- 7124983 TI - Psychiatric disorders in the mentally retarded: types, problems, and challenges. AB - Because of their high incidence of CNS impairment and low overall interpersonal coping abilities, retarded persons have a greater than average risk for developing associated psychiatric disorders. The authors describe the types of disorders and their incidence and review allied treatment challenges. Advances in recognition of developmental issues and medical management support the trend toward decreased institutionalization and the concurrent increased normalization of the retarded individual. PMID- 7124984 TI - Behavioral science teaching in U.S. medical schools: a 1980 national survey. AB - The teaching of behavioral science in medical school has become increasingly complex in the attempt to integrate biological, social, and psychological knowledge. The authors sent a survey questionnaire to determine actual and preferred organizational structures to 130 medical schools; 90 responded. The most frequent structure--46 schools (51%)--was unidepartmental. Thirty-four schools (38%) were multidepartmental, and 10 (11%) had a matrix organization. Schools with a unidepartmental structure reported a higher degree of satisfaction and more organizational advantages. Multidepartmental and matrix models offered some educational advantages at the cost of administrative efficiency. During the 1980s, funding for unidepartmental schools may prove more cost effective than funding for schools with different organizational structures. PMID- 7124985 TI - Application of biological markers in depression secondary to thyrotoxicosis. AB - Biological markers of affective disorders have not been studied intensively in patients with secondary depression. An elderly woman with severe delusional depression secondary to thyrotoxicosis was monitored with weekly dexamethasone suppression tests (DSTs) and three sleep electroencephalography (EEG) evaluations. She received treatment only for her thyrotoxicosis, but her depression resolved completely. The serial DSTs were normal throughout her depression, consistent with the specificity of this test for primary endogenous depression. The sleep EEG erroneously suggested a diagnosis of primary depression but effectively monitored clinical improvement. Biological markers may have applicability in evaluating and monitoring patients with secondary depression. PMID- 7124986 TI - Neuroendocrine risk factors of suicidal behavior. AB - Three of 22 subjects in a study of neuroendocrine correlates of clinical change made serious suicide attempts, 2 of which were lethal. The suicidal subjects had significantly higher 24-hour urinary cortisol levels and significantly lower 24 hour urinary norepinephrine-to-epinephrine ratios than the nonsuicidal patients had. Although the cortisol finding confirms earlier reports, the norepinephrine to-epinephrine ratio finding is new. The results support the concept that the clinical utility of neuroendocrine measures is enhanced by using a multihormonal profile. PMID- 7124987 TI - Interaction between antidepressants and perphenazine in psychiatric inpatients. AB - In a study of 99 patients receiving amitriptyline or nortriptyline alone and 60 patients receiving one of these antidepressants in combination with perphenazine, the patients receiving the combination medication had up to 70% higher antidepressant plasma levels than patients receiving the antidepressant alone. The groups did not differ significantly in sex, age, smoking behavior, or antidepressant dose level. Due to the possibility of side effects from such combination medication, the authors recommend that depressed patients not responding to the tertiary amine tricyclic antidepressants receive a trial of high doses of the drugs before antidepressant-neuroleptic combinations are administered. PMID- 7124988 TI - Consumer evaluation of a community mental health service, I: care delivery patterns. AB - There is a need for improved evaluation of community mental health services. The authors present a multidimensional consumer evaluation of the delivery system aspects of services provided at a community-run health center. The findings demonstrate that consumer evaluations can provide meaningful data to administrators concerning the ongoing delivery of care and can help them plan patterns of practice for the future. PMID- 7124989 TI - Mad or bad? some clinical considerations in the misdiagnosis of schizophrenia as antisocial personality disorder. AB - Some clinicians tend to misdiagnose schizophrenia when there is accompanying antisocial behavior, thus depriving the patient of appropriate treatment. Four factors appear to contribute to this misdiagnosis, the most important of which is the nature of the interaction between examiner and examinee. The authors present a case illustration and discuss the implications for treatment. PMID- 7124990 TI - Training supervision as a separate faculty role. AB - Training supervision is a longitudinal, nonclinically focused personal relationship between a faculty member and a resident for exploring the latter's professional development. In the authors' program the training supervisor meets with the supervisee monthly over the 3-year residency. The training supervisor's role is that of a nonevaluative senior colleague who orients and advises the resident and systematically reviews training progress and problems. The authors discuss the evolution of the training supervision concept, explore potential role conflicts for the training supervisor, who may serve other functions in the residency of the supervisee, and present positive and negative resident and faculty evaluations of their program. PMID- 7124991 TI - Delirium induced by poisoning with anticholinergic agents. AB - The authors report that anticholinergic poisoning may be increasing in frequency and present two such cases. They recommend the use of the physostigmine test and special laboratory requests for toxicologic screens as aids to the diagnosis. PMID- 7124992 TI - Successful treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder with loxapine. AB - The authors describe a 21-year-old man with severe, incapacitating obsessive compulsive symptoms who was treated successfully with loxapine. The patient's response to the drug was rapid, dramatic, and sustained. PMID- 7124993 TI - Behcet's disease as psychiatric disorder: a case report. AB - The author describes a man in whom a progressive psychiatric syndrome was the predominant manifestation of Behcet's disease. Incorrect labelling of his illness as functional may have contributed to the evolution of a permanently disabling dementia from a potentially treatable brain disease. PMID- 7124994 TI - A case report of irritable bowel syndrome treated with doxepin. AB - The authors describe a nondepressed patient with a 10-year history of irritable bowel syndrome who became clinically asymptomatic while taking 150 mg/day of doxepin. The potential therapeutic efficacy of doxepin in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome is discussed. PMID- 7124996 TI - Electroconvulsive treatment of psychotic self-injurious behavior in a patient with severe mental retardation. AB - This report describes a severely retarded adult patient whose self-injurious behavior became acutely life threatening. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was prohibited by law, but it was administered after the law was judged unconstitutional. The patient's response to ECT was excellent, and there were no adverse consequences. PMID- 7124997 TI - Sleep REM latency in hyperkinetic boys. AB - This study compared the sleep-cycle characteristics of 16 hyperkinetic boys with those of 12 normal boys. The results indicated no differences between the two groups, with one exception: a subset of the hyperkinetic children had markedly short REM latencies. PMID- 7124995 TI - Three cases of female anorgasmia associated with MAOIs. AB - Monoamine oxidase inhibitors have been associated with male retarded ejaculation and impotence. The authors describe three cases of female anorgasmia secondary to this class of antidepressants. To the author's knowledge only one incidental finding of this kind has been reported. PMID- 7124998 TI - The reliability of axis II of DSM-III. AB - The reliability of the diagnoses of axis II of DSM-III was examined by measuring the levels of agreement among three psychiatrists who independently examined the same patients in everyday clinical settings. The kappa coefficient levels were lower than those reported from the field trials. PMID- 7124999 TI - A trazodone overdose. PMID- 7125000 TI - Haloperidol and phobias. PMID- 7125001 TI - Impotence associated with pimozide. PMID- 7125002 TI - Response of phobic disorders with obsessive symptoms to MAO inhibitors. PMID- 7125003 TI - Propranolol, psychoneuroendocrine changes, and depression. PMID- 7125004 TI - Response to gluten versus neuronal damage. PMID- 7125005 TI - Effect of age on DST results. PMID- 7125006 TI - Stability of serum lithium levels. PMID- 7125008 TI - Orgasm in eroticized children. PMID- 7125007 TI - Limbitrol as a new street drug. PMID- 7125009 TI - International view of CMHCs. PMID- 7125011 TI - Out-of-body experiences and migraine. PMID- 7125010 TI - The psychiatric autopsy. PMID- 7125012 TI - The concentration model of hypnosis. PMID- 7125013 TI - More on residents' organic-dynamic orientation. PMID- 7125014 TI - The feature-positive effect in adult humans: within-group design. AB - The feature-positive effect has been demonstrated in several species and has been shown to be robust phenomenon in adult humans when between-group designs are used. The present series of experiments replicated earlier work using between group designs, found the feature-positive effect using within-group designs, and isolated a factor responsible for an earlier failure to find the phenomenon using a within-group design. The results support the argument for a biological, evolutionary influence in the genesis of the feature-positive effect. PMID- 7125015 TI - Transfer of prototypes based on visual, tactual, and kinesthetic exemplars. AB - The issue of prototype formation among visually, kinesthetically, and tactually presented stimuli was studied by means of a cross-modality transfer task. Subjects were first given experience with geometric figures presented in one of three modes (visual, tactual, or kinesthetic) and then were asked to identify geometric figures, presented in one of the three modes, as "old" or "new". The results indicated that prototype formation occurred in the tactual mode as well as in the other modes and that, in general, prototypes formed by experiences with one modality are falsely recognized as old items when presented in another modality. The results were discussed in terms of prototype formation, the encoding process, and second-order isomorphism. PMID- 7125016 TI - Plasticity of mental color codes. AB - The present experiment was designed to examine the plasticity of mental color codes. On each trial, subjects judged whether two color chips were physically identical. On primed trials in the chip condition, the prototype color chip was presented for 2 sec prior to the test pair. In the name condition, the category name was presented prior to the test pair. In one context condition, all test pairs involving moderate goodness levels were presented prior to the presentation of more extreme test pairs. In the other context condition, subjects were initially exposed only to the extremes of category membership. For same judgments in the name condition, initial exposure to the extremes of category membership produced priming effects that were restricted to good examples of the color category, whereas initial exposure to moderate goodness levels extended priming effects to all goodness levels. The relationship between priming and goodness level did not vary with test order in the chip condition. It was concluded that the nature of the mental representation generated to a category name can be readily modified by context. PMID- 7125017 TI - Modification of reactivated memory through "counterconditioning". AB - Four experiments using rats were conducted to determine whether a "counterconditioning" procedure would be effective in altering old, but reactivated, memory. The aversiveness of previously established Pavlovian conditioned stimuli was reduced by giving subjects a highly preferred substance (maltose solution) shortly after a brief exposure to the fear cues (Experiments 1 and 2). No evidence of a time-dependent effect was obtained with a 1-hr. delay between reactivation and maltose (Experiment 2). Groups given noncontingent footshocks in lieu of Pavlovian conditioning (whether or not they subsequently received maltose) showed uniformly little aversion to test cues (Experiment 3). This finding suggests that counterconditioning in this paradigm affects associative memory processes. A time-dependent effect of delayed treatment and other evidence that active memory is necessary for counterconditioning were obtained (Experiment 4). These experiments support the notion that in rats as well as in humans, memory is a malleable process susceptible to postacquisition modifications and revealed the potential value of the reactivation paradigm in studying counterconditioning as a model for desensitization. PMID- 7125018 TI - Karen Horney on "The value of vindictiveness". PMID- 7125019 TI - A psychological critique of American culture. PMID- 7125020 TI - The contributions of Horneyan psychology to the study of literature. PMID- 7125021 TI - Karen Horney and Clarissa: the tragedy of neurotic pride. PMID- 7125022 TI - Love and neurotic claims. PMID- 7125026 TI - Health services for mentally retarded people in community residences: problems and questions. PMID- 7125025 TI - Medical care in China: equity vs modernization. PMID- 7125024 TI - The psychoanalyst as Menelaus. PMID- 7125023 TI - Bargains with fate: the case of Macbeth. PMID- 7125027 TI - Heatlh care in the People's Republic of China: a view from inside the system. AB - During a three-month period, all admissions to an infectious disease ward at a tertiary care hospital in the People's Republic of China were studied. The hospital's catchment area covered a population of almost eight million, 10 per cent urban and 90 per cent rural. Seventy-two per cent of the patients admitted to this facility were city dwellers with illnesses which were significantly less serious in degree than the illnesses encountered among patients transferred from rural facilities. Ease of travel, nature of the disease process, availability of beds, ability to manipulate the referral ladder, and cost of health care may account for these results. Charges for health care in China proved very expensive relative to per capita income. This may be of major consequence to rural persons who are personally liable for some portion of this cost. These results suggest that although referral to tertiary care in China occurs more commonly among rural patients than is the case in other developing nations, access to this care and its cost are significant problems of the present system. During the drive for modernization, a multifactorial approach (including health policy, administrative controls, and patient and physician education) will be essential to avoid deterioration of the rural health system, and the increase financial burden to be expected with the introduction of advanced medical technology. PMID- 7125028 TI - Recent trends in fatal poisoning by opiates in the United States. AB - Deaths in the United States classified as unintentional poisoning by drugs and medicaments fell from 14.7 per million population in 1975 to 8.8 in 1978, a 40 per cent decrease. Seventy-three per cent of this drop attributable to a reduction in deaths coded to opiates and intravenous narcotism. These two categories accounted for 38 per cent of all unintentional drug deaths in 1975 but only 15 per cent in 1978. There was no simultaneous increase in other drug related deaths, including suicides, to account for the reduction in deaths coded to opiates. The highest mortality rates and the greatest variation in mortality during 1970-78 occurred in 20-29 year old non-White males. Racial and sex differences in opiate poisoning mortality, notable early in the decade, were greatly reduced by 1978 due to a relatively larger decline in mortality of males and non-Whites. Time trends in mortality from opiate poisoning appear to coincide with variations in the amount of heroin smuggled into the country. PMID- 7125029 TI - New dimensions in cause of death statistics. AB - This article discusses the limitations of traditional national cause of death statistics. These limitations derive from an attempt to conceptualize a multidimensional phenomenon and reduce down to a unidimensional framework. The article outlines the characteristics of a new multidimensional approach which involves the codification and tabulation of all causes (multiple causes) listed on death certificates. Preliminary data are presented which illustrate that multiple cause of death data do indeed represent a major new dimension to cause of death statistics. These data indicate that most major causes of death are contributory factors in many deaths in which they are not the underlying cause of death. For example, in 1976, diabetes mellitus was the underlying cause of approximately 35,000 deaths but was a contributing factor in another 100,000 deaths. This paper also demonstrates the contribution of multiple cause of death data to identifying patterns of association among diseases and the kinds of injuries resulting from various external causes. Finally, data are presented which depict the use of multiple cause data in evaluating the efficacy of the coding rules used to classify the underlying cause of death. PMID- 7125031 TI - Mortality during influenza epidemics in the United States, 1967-1978. AB - Excess deaths due to pneumonia and influenza and excess deaths for all causes were estimated using a time-series analysis for each of the eight influenza epidemics in the United States that occurred between 1967-1978. The effects of different analytic methods and different methods of structuring data are compared. Future directions for estimating the impact of influenza on mortality include a combination of regression techniques and multiple time-series analyses of surveillance data. PMID- 7125030 TI - Perspectives on the past and future of psychiatric epidemiology. The 1981 Rema Lapouse Lecture. AB - Two generations of epidemiological studies of the true prevalence of mental disorders have been conducted since the turn of the century. The first and smaller in number took place prior to World War II and was characterized by the use of records and key informants to define "cases." The second, utilizing the greatly expanded nomenclatures that followed World War II, were based for the most part on personal interviews with all subjects or samples there of in communities all over the world. In total, more than 80 different communities were studied by more than 60 different investigators or teams of investigators in these first and second generation studies. The legacy from these studies comes in two main parts: the first consists of methodological problems centering on the question of how to conceptualize and measure mental disorders independently of treatment status; the second is a set of consistent substantive findings about the amounts of various types of mental disorder, the proportions treated and untreated by members of the mental health professions, and the distribution of the disorders according to gender, rural vs urban location, and social class. Analyses of this legacy from first and second generation studies are presented with a view to developing informed speculations about what might be hoped for in the future, vastly different, third generation of studies in this field. PMID- 7125032 TI - Irritants in cigarette smoke plumes. AB - Concentrations of the irritants formaldehyde and acrolein in side stream cigarette smoke plumes are up to three orders of magnitude above occupational limits, readily accounting for eye and nasal irritation. "Low-tar" cigarettes appear at least as irritating as other cigarettes. More than half the irritant is associated with the particulate phase of the smoke, permitting deposition throughout the entire respiratory tract and raising the issue of whether formaldehyde in smoke is associated with bronchial cancer. PMID- 7125033 TI - A longitudinal study of blood pressure in a national survey of children. AB - Blood pressure changes over a three- to four-year period were studies in a cohort of 2,168 children examined during the US Heath Examination Survey. The sample used is a representative subset of a national probability sample. Significant positive correlations between initial and follow-up blood pressures were observed. In addition, relatively obese children tended to demonstrate higher blood pressures within age-race-sex specific subgroups. PMID- 7125035 TI - A brief review of the current status of alternatives to chlorine disinfection of water. AB - This paper briefly outlines some of the alternative disinfectants being considered in lieu of chlorination. Methods currently in use as well as those in the research stage are included. Each method is assessed with respect to disinfection efficiency and environmental impact. (Am J Public Health 1982; 72:1290-1293.) PMID- 7125034 TI - Blood lead levels among high-risk children, Detroit, Michigan. AB - Since 1972, a federally funded lead screening program has been operational in Detroit, Michigan. Blood lead screening data (27,430 initial tests on Black children less than or equal to 6 years) were assigned by census tract of child's residence to one of the 15 socioeconomically similar areas in geographic proximity to one another. Higher blood lead levels were associated with lower education, lower income, and increased proportion of single parent families. This emphasizes the need to continue screening efforts in lower socioeconomic areas with older housing. PMID- 7125036 TI - Social and contextual factors in the analysis of mortality in end-stage renal disease patients: implications for health policy. AB - A sample of medical records of decreased End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients was reviewed by a panel of experienced clinicians. The panel's determination of cause of death was compared to that reported for these patients in the Health Care Financing Administration Management Information System. There was concurrence in only 25 per cent of the cases. The difference is attributable to increased awareness of psychosocial and behavioral antecedent factors surrounding the occurrence of death. PMID- 7125037 TI - Surveillance of sylvatic plaque in Oregon by serotesting carnivores. AB - In Oregon, during 1974-1979, 10.3 per cent of 3.255 statewide blood samples from carnivores were positive for Yersinia pestis. The per cent positive rate and geometric mean positive titer increase monthly from January (6.5 per cent) to June (21.7 per cent), and decline thereafter. Data are presented on how geographic location, species, and time of year affect surveillance results. The correlation of carnivore plague surveillance with human cases in discussed. PMID- 7125038 TI - Physicians: know thy ciguatera poisoning symptoms! PMID- 7125040 TI - The medial tibial stress syndrome. A cause of shin splints. AB - The medial tibial stress syndrome is a symptom complex seen in athletes who complain of exercise-induced pain along the distal posterior-medial aspect of the tibia. Intramuscular pressures within the posterior compartments of the leg were measured in 12 patients with this disorder. These pressures were not elevated and therefore this syndrome is a not a compartment syndrome. Available information suggests that the medial tibial stress syndrome most likely represents a periostitis at this location of the leg. PMID- 7125039 TI - Nonoperative treatment of double lateral ligament tears of the ankle. AB - In this article the objective evaluation of 39 cases of double lateral ligament tears of the ankle treated by cast immobilization is described. Such treatment resulted in a 79.5% success rate as determined by repeat stress roentgenograms. In addition, a statistical method which may aid the orthopaedist in deciding whether to use nonoperative or operative treatment is presented. PMID- 7125041 TI - Physicians' legal responsibilities in managing ski trauma. AB - Orthopaedic specialists and family physicians practicing in skiing communities are faced with unavoidable, stringent, and expanding legal responsibilities to properly manage ski trauma. Their legal obligations apply to each component of clinical case management: (1) diagnosis; (2) treatment; and (3) rehabilitation. Neither medically nor legally is any one aspect less critical than another. Concomitant with accelerating rates of participation in sports. It is clear that the law is demanding more from specialists and also primary care physicians whose practice is increasingly involving musculoskeletal athletic injuries. The legal responsibilities and liabilities of both generalists and specialists are extensively reviewed in this report. The principles apply to the management of all athletic trauma by physicians. PMID- 7125042 TI - Waterskiing-related injuries. AB - Twenty-six cases of waterskiing-related injuries, including four deaths, were studied and the case histories classified into four categories. Injury was caused by a fall into unobstructed water, by boat propeller blades, by collisions with obstacles or a boat, and by the tow rope. Injuries sustained in falls were comparable to trauma seen in vigorous contact sports. Boat propeller blades inflicted devastating battlefield-type wounds, and collisions produced trauma similar to that seen in motor vehicle accidents. The shearing action of an accelerating tow rope imparted trauma unique to this sporting activity. There is limited recognition of the potential for serious injury that attends this recreational sport, and it is concluded that the prevention of injury depends on the nuclear trio of participants: boat operator, operator, observer, and skier. PMID- 7125044 TI - Subtrochanteric stress fractures in runners. AB - Seven college track team members with stress fractures in the subtrochanteric area of the femur were diagnosed using x-ray films and bone imaging. One, with repeated negative x-ray films, was considered to have a stress reaction. Suspected causes for this high incidence of subtrochanteric stress fractures include a change in running surfaces and an exercise called bounding (repetitive jumps with or without weights). The implementation of bone scanning and its usefulness after failure of conservative treatment is emphasized. A discussion of the continuum of stress reaction and the seven cases, diagnoses, treatments, and results are presented. PMID- 7125045 TI - Percutaneous release of the epicondylar muscles for humeral epicondylitis. AB - This paper describes 44 percutaneous epidondylar releases performed on 34 patients with humeral epicondylitis. There were 35 instances of lateral epicondylitis and 6 of medical epidondylitis. Thirty-two of the lateral releases had an excellent result and 3 were unsatisfactory. Five of the medial procedures were rated as excellent and one unsatisfactory. Two of the three unsatisfactory lateral procedures were reoperated upon with an excellent result. The one unsatisfactory medial epicondylitis underwent reoperation and had excellent results. In our experience, percutaneous release has a high rate of success, is simple to perform, does not require hospitalization, and has been without complication. PMID- 7125043 TI - Stress fractures of the femur in runners. AB - Early diagnosis, followed by conservative management, permitted five of six long distance runners to return to running after they had suffered stress fractures of the femur. The sixth patient developed a displaced fracture of the femoral neck which was openly reduced and internally fixated at surgery: this athlete returned to marathoning one year later. In the series there were two fractures of the femoral neck and four of the proximal medical shaft of the femur. Although early diagnosis depends upon a complete history, physical examination and x-ray film results, bone scanning is a further aid when x-ray films still do not confirm the presumptive diagnosis. PMID- 7125046 TI - A retrospective study of gymnastics injuries to competitors and noncompetitors in private clubs. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the number and types of injuries which occur to competitive and noncompetitive gymnasts in private clubs. Secondary purposes were to determine which events were most hazardous, and whether or not the ratio between participant and instructor, the availability of safety equipment, and the conditioning programs used affected the injury rate. The data show that gymnastics has a high injury rate for competitors, but a low injury rate for noncompetitors. The level of competition seems to be the most important factor related to rate of injury. PMID- 7125048 TI - Fatigue failure stress of the femoral neck. A case report. AB - Fatigue fractures are frequent injuries in military populations and occur more frequently in joggers in the civilian population. Repetitive stress below failure levels in a time period inadequate to permit remodeling is known to cause fatigue fractures. However, data on stress levels, the number of cycles to failure, and the time interval in in vivo human fatigue fractures is unknown. We recently treated a patient with a fatigue fracture of the femoral neck and were able to determine this data from patient records and finite element stress analysis. From this data we recommend a maximum total distance of 161 km (100 miles) over a three-month interval for runners who are beginning training. Shorter total distance would be advisable for obese patients. PMID- 7125047 TI - Medial subtalar dislocation in an athlete. A case report. PMID- 7125049 TI - Fracture of the patella due to overuse syndrome in a child. A case report. PMID- 7125050 TI - Kinesiology. Part VI. Psychologic and neurologic aspects of kinesiology. PMID- 7125051 TI - Nutrition and the athlete. PMID- 7125052 TI - Lymph node infarction foreshadowing malignant lymphoma. PMID- 7125053 TI - Thymic carcinoma. Five distinctive histological variants. AB - Five histologically distinct variants of thymic carcinoma are described: mixed small cell undifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma (three cases), basaloid carcinoma (two cases), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (one case), clear cell carcinoma (one case), and sarcomatoid carcinoma (one case). While forming a heterogeneous group, these tumors bear the common features of an anterior mediastinal location and lack of evidence of a primary tumor elsewhere, marking them as primary thymic neoplasms. All except the sarcomatoid variant are morphologically related to similar malignant neoplasms of other organs. These tumors should be recognized as morphological variants of primary thymic carcinoma and demonstrate the ability of thymic epithelium to differentiate toward a variety of different cell types. PMID- 7125054 TI - Patterns of Shigella infection in families in rural Bangladesh. AB - To assess the mode of transmission of Shigella infection in rural Bangladesh, questionnaire and culture surveys were conducted in baris (neighborhoods) where persons with diarrhea associated with Shigella infection and index controls with non-Shigella diarrhea lived. Nineteen percent of persons in Shigella baris and 7% of persons in control baris were infected during the survey periods (P less than 0.001). The prevalence of Shigella infection was highest for children 1-9 years of age and for females than 39 years and was not related to socioeconomic status, family size or household crowding. Use of surface water for drinking was not a risk factor for Shigella infection; in fact, use of river water was more frequent in control baris. Both household and bari contacts of Shigella index cases frequently excreted different serotypes from that excreted by the person with the index case. In Shigella baris, families with infection were significantly more likely than uninfected families to have a history of an overnight stay away from home by a family member during the previous week. These observations suggest there were multiple introductions of Shigella into some families and that the epidemiology of Shigella infection for families in rural Bangladesh differs from that observed for families living in more industrialized countries. PMID- 7125055 TI - Mesenteronal infection threshold of an epizootic strain of Venezuelan encephalitis virus in Culex (Melanoconion) taeniopus mosquitoes and its implication to the apparent disappearance of this virus strain from an enzootic habitat in Guatemala. AB - Culex (Melanoconion) taeniopus is a vector of Venezuelan encephalitis (VE) virus at a marsh focus in Guatemala and has low mesenteronal thresholds for infection by and transmission of two enzootic strains of VE virus. In contrast, samples of natural populations and subsequent F2 and F4 generations of these mosquitoes have a high mesenteronal threshold for infection by an epizootic VE strain isolated at the same marsh during the end of the 1969 VE epidemic-equine epizootic. The resistance of Cu. (Mel). taeniopus to mesenteronal infection by this VE strain probably represents a key factor in the apparent disappearance of epizootic VE virus from the marsh focus following the 1969 outbreak. PMID- 7125056 TI - Pathology of Lassa virus infection in the rhesus monkey. AB - The clinical signs and gross and microscopic lesions of Lassa virus infection in the rhesus monkey are described. Of 17 monkeys infected with Lassa virus, nine died or were killed when moribund. The clinical signs were lethargy, aphagia, constipation, fever, conjunctivitis, and skin rash. Pulmonary congestion, pleural effusion, pericardial edema, hydropericardium, and a few visceral hemorrhages were present grossly. Major microscopic lesions were necrotizing hepatitis and interstitial pneumonia. Other microscopic changes were present in the heart, small intestine, spleen, lymph nodes, kidney, urinary bladder, adrenal glands, and central nervous system; however, most of these lesions were mild. In fact, death could not always be attributed to the morphologic changes; therefore, function alterations must be examined. PMID- 7125057 TI - Evaluation of personal protection methods against phlebotomine sand flies including vectors of leishmaniasis in Panama. AB - Three personal protection methods were evaluated against phlebotomine sand flies in Panama. Skin applications of five selected repellents including deet (N,N diethyl-m-toluamide) provided a mean coefficient of protection (CP) of 99.2% against the attack of at least three sand fly species. Deet-treated net jackets also provided good protection, but it was concluded that an additional application of repellent to the unprotected face was necessary for maximum protection. Permethrin-treated clothing did not provide the protection expected. Apparently sand fly behavior and resistance to quick knock-down were responsible for the numbers of bites recorded, and therefore maximum protection from bites would require application of deet or another suitable repellent to the exposed skin when wearing permethrin-treated clothing. PMID- 7125058 TI - First autochthonous case of Fasciolopsis buski infection in Indonesia. PMID- 7125059 TI - Survival of mice injected with Plasmodium vinckei or Plasmodium yoelii XL by the footpad route. AB - NIH-white mice were injected with varying doses of Plasmodium vinckei or Plasmodium yoelii lethal via the hind footpad (FP), intraperitoneal (IP), subcutaneous (SC) routes. Survival was dependent on the dose of the inoculum and route of injection. Injection via the IP and SC routes led to higher mortality than the FP route. The results showed that at a dose of 10 4 parasitized erythrocytes injected IP led to 100% mortality, whereas the same dose injected via the FP route gave protection. PMID- 7125060 TI - Retinal hemorrhages in kala-azar. PMID- 7125062 TI - Prevalence of heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis Leidy) in coyotes from five northern California counties. AB - Prevalence rates of heartworm in coyotes was estimated for five northern California counties by examining hearts of coyotes obtained from federal or private trappers. Prevalence rates range from 8.3-27.3%, but the proportion of infected coyotes can vary between two regions of the same county. In general, it seems that higher infection rates are found in the foothill regions of the Coastal Range and Sierra Nevada, decreasing towards the floor of the Sacramento Valley as well as at higher elevations. The use of coyotes as sentinel animals for detecting natural foci of transmission is postulated. PMID- 7125063 TI - Detection of specific immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE) and total IgE levels in human trichinosis by means of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). AB - Sera from 58 cases of confirmed human trichinosis were examined over an 11-month period. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for the detection of class-specific serum antibodies (IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE) and for total serum IgE. The indirect immunofluorescent test served as reference technique. The ELISA proved to be more sensitive. Specific IgG antibodies were detected by ELISA in 100% of the clinical cases. Both IgG and IgM were demonstrable throughout the observation period of 11 months. Specific serum IgA was seen in 62% of the patients during the first 3 months, presumably the result of stimulation of the immune system by the adult worms in the intestine. Specific serum IgE was seen in a few cases only at the onset of the disease. Total serum IgE levels were elevated in 32% of the patients in the first month of the disease and in 17% after 11 months, compared to 10% of healthy individuals. PMID- 7125064 TI - Parasitological and pathological findings in capuchin monkeys infected with Schistosoma japonicum or Schistosoma mansoni. AB - Capuchin monkeys were studied for 7 months after exposure to Schistosoma mansoni or to either a Japanese or a Philippine strain of Schistosoma japonicum. The number of eggs present in the tissues and passed in the feces of S. mansoni infected monkeys correlated well with the number of worm pairs recovered. Monkeys infected with the Philippine strain of S. japonicum passed large numbers of eggs in the feces and the number of these eggs correlated well with the number of worm pairs present. In monkeys infected with the Japanese strain of S. japonicum, fewer eggs were passed in the feces and there was little correlation with the number of worm pairs. Schistosome eggs were found predominantly in the small intestine in monkeys infected with the Philippine strain and predominantly in the colon in monkeys infected with the Japanese strain. The patterns of egg excretion in the feces and egg distribution in the tissues contrast with the patterns we recently described in rabbits, in which animals infected with the Philippine strain passed few eggs in the feces and showed a high proportion of tissue eggs in the colon. A single host species is thus shown to be inadequate to characterize the behavior of a schistosome strain. PMID- 7125061 TI - Endemic filariasis on a Pacific island. I. Clinical, epidemiologic, and parasitologic aspects. AB - The clinical and parasitologic aspects of filariasis were investigated in 459 inhabitants of a South Pacific island endemic for subperiodic Wuchereria bancrofti filariasis. Episodes of filarial fevers, usually with concomitant lymphangitis and/or lymphadenitis, were experienced by 26%. Lymphobstructive lesions, manifest in the later decades of life, were present in 12 with elephantiasis and 24 with hydroceles. Microfilaremia was detectable by membrane filtration of 1 ml of blood in 33% of persons, with a quarter of these having less than 50 microfilariae/ml. Microfilaremia and filarial fevers were more frequent in males than females and in residents of the most inland villages. Neither presence nor magnitude of lymphadenopathy correlated with other manifestations of filariasis except that markedly enlarged inguinal-femoral nodes were more common in those with elephantiasis or hydroceles. A history of filarial fevers did not correlate with presence of microfilaremia. Over 70% of adults had microfilaremia and/or historical or physical manifestations of filariasis. The absence of detectable microfilaremia in many residents with clinical evidence of filariasis and the presence of asymptomatic microfilaremia emphasize the limitations in relying only on microfilaremia rates or clinical findings in the study of the prevalence or manifestations of filarial infection. PMID- 7125065 TI - Prevalence of schistosomiasis and other parasitic diseases among Cambodian refugees residing in Bang-Kaeng holding center, Prachinburi Province, Thailand. AB - Isolated cases of schistosomiasis were discovered on stool examination among Cambodian refugees residing in Thailand. Further epidemiologic investigations were conducted on a sample of 5,085 Cambodian refugees in the Ban-Kaeng holding center, using the intradermal skin test as a screening device to determine the prevalence of this disease. A positive diagnosis of Schistosoma mekongi was confirmed in 17 of those examined by recovery of eggs in the stool. The prevalence of schistomiasis in the Bang-Kaeng camp was 3.3 cases/1,000 population. All positive cases came from geographic areas in cambodia where schistosomiasis has not been previously reported, indicating that schistosomiasis in Cambodia is currently more widespread than generally believed. PMID- 7125066 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: in vitro and in vivo killing of antibody-coated schistosomula. AB - Mechanically transformed schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni exposed to mouse, rat or human inactivated immune sera (coated schistosomula) and then injected intravenously into CBA mice were recovered from their lungs in smaller numbers than were schistosomula exposed to normal sera, immune sera absorbed with S. mansoni tegument, or sera from mice bearing unisexual cercarial infections and displaying moderate titers of lethal antibodies. The reduction of the number of coated schistosomula recovered from the lungs, as well as the lethal effect in vitro, were mediated by 7S fraction of the immune sera. Decomplementation (by Cobra Venom Factor) or irradiation (650 R, 1, 3, and 5 days before injection) of recipient mice, increased the number of coated schistosomula recovered from their lungs. PMID- 7125067 TI - In vitro encounters between Schistosoma mansoni primary sporocysts and hemolymph components of susceptible and resistant strains of Biomphalaria glabrata. AB - Encounters between axenically transformed sporocysts of the Puerto Rican 1 strain of Schistosoma mansoni and hemocytes and plasmaaa components of susceptible "M line" and resistant 10-R2 and 13-16-1 strains of Biomphalaria glabrata were studied in vitro. After 24 hours of incubation in susceptible hemolymph components, 94.4% of 36 observed sporocysts retained normal structure, whereas 9l.6% of 48 sporocysts were destroyed after 24 hours of incubation in resistant hemolymph components. Sporocysts preincubated for 6 hours in susceptible plasm were destroyed when subsequently incubated with resistant hemocytes in susceptible plasma. Sporocysts preincubated in resistant plasma were not destroyed when subsequently incubated with susceptible hemocytes and plasma. Susceptible hemocytes preincubated in resistant plasma, and then incubated for 24 hours with sporocysts in the presence of susceptible plasma were incapable of inflicting damage. The simultaneous incubation of sporocysts with susceptible hemocytes and resistant plasma produced variable results. The predominant trend was sporocyst destruction in five replicates and lack of substantial damage in six replicates. Results of these and previous experiments imply that differences between susceptible and resistant strains of snails in their ability to destroy sporocysts in vitro can be attributed primarily to differences in their hemocytes, although plasma factors may alter these responses in some cases. The results also suggest that if sporocysts do acquire a coat of host plasma components, this strategy is by itself insufficient to account for the persistence of sporocysts in susceptible snails. PMID- 7125068 TI - Hayes Martin lecture. Advanced basal cell cancer: prognosis and treatment philosophy. PMID- 7125069 TI - Premalignant changes in normal appearing epithelium in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract. AB - Biopsy specimens of "normal" mucous membrane of patients susceptible to the effects of the carcinogens of tobacco revealed morphologic abnormalities on electron microscopic examination that were consistent with the concept that carcinogenesis is a multistep process of sequential neoplastic development extending over a long period of time. Such changes in the upper aerodigestive tract are probably tobacco induced and may be reversible if tobacco exposure is eliminated. Use of the electron microscope can provide the clinician with an accurate assay of the severity of mucosal alterations induced by tobacco. The ability to detect such morphologic abnormalities should provide another deterrant to smoking and a useful tool in the further study of these phenomena. PMID- 7125070 TI - Reoperative surgery for hyperparathyroidism. AB - The difficulties created by an unsuccessful initial operation can usually be avoided by choosing experienced surgeons, identifying four glands, and selectively excising grossly abnormal parathyroid tissue. Patients with multiple endocrine adenomatosis or familial hyperparathyroidism should have a subtotal parathyroidectomy. Reoperative surgery is difficult and although it is successful in approximately 70 to 80 percent of patients, it is associated with a significant morbidity which includes persistent hypercalcemia, hypoparathyroidism, and nerve injury. Reoperative parathyroid surgery should be done in specialized centers where the sophisticated methods of preoperative localization and surgeons experienced in this field are available. PMID- 7125073 TI - Management of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. AB - Total thyroidectomy is universally advised for the familial variety of MCT. Although total thyroidectomy is also recommended for sporadic cases, partial thyroidectomy may be adequate. Cervical and upper mediastinal nodes should be sampled for microscopic study, even when they are small and appear to be normal. Appropriate neck or mediastinal nodes should be sampled for microscopic study, even when they are small and appear to be normal. Appropriate neck or mediastinal dissection is done if metastasis is present. External radiation is a valuable adjuvant to surgical excision following the apparent complete resection of the tumor, and is beneficial in the management of unresectable disease. Despite local control, patients continue to die from disseminated disease; therefore, there must be a continued search for an effective chemotherapeutic program. Much remains to be learned from calcitonin monitoring of MCT patients. PMID- 7125072 TI - Triple endoscopy. A valuable procedure in head and neck surgery. AB - Synchronous carcinoma in the head and neck, lung, or esophagus may be identified in 10 percent of patients with squamous head and neck carcinoma by routinely performing triple endoscopy (direct laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy, and esophagoscopy) at the time of initial evaluation. In 5.5 percent of patients with squamous head and neck cancer, synchronous lung and/or esophageal cancer was identified. However, in only 1.5 percent of patients was it asymptomatic and would not have been suspected as a result of a thorough history, physical examination, and chest x-ray. The cost-effectiveness of routine triple endoscopy can be questioned, but we think it is indicated to identify those early carcinomas with an excellent chance of cure. The time and money expended to identify these early, asymptomatic cancers is small compared to that spent in treating patients with symptomatic cancer of the same organs, in whom there appears to be a much smaller chance of cure. Multiple superficial squamous carcinomas of head and neck mucosa may be managed by surgical excision, radiation therapy, laser destruction, or cryosurgery. If these methods cannot be applied, combination chemotherapy appears to provide a satisfactory alternative method of short-term control, which we believe merits further clinical investigation. PMID- 7125071 TI - Parathyroidectomy. Review of 338 consecutive cases for histology, location, and reoperation. AB - Three hundred thirty-eight consecutive parathyroidectomies for hyperparathyroidism were performed over a 22 year period. There were 53 dialysis patients (31 male and 22 female), 285 patients (165 female and 120 male) with primary hyperparathyroidism, 55 patients (19 percent) with parathyroid hyperplasia, and 230 patients with 236 parathyroid adenomas. The location of the adenomas were right upper in 57, right lower in 59, left upper in 60, and left lower in 60. Forty-three patients of the last 194 operated on had histories of childhood head and neck irradiation (21.6 percent), 34 patients (79.6 percent) had associated thyroid disease, and there were 10 with thyroid carcinomas. In the 285 patients, 54 percent had thyroid disease, and 18 had thyroid carcinomas. Twenty-three patients required reoperation for persistent or recurrent hypercalcemia, and 19 neck reexplorations and 6 mediastinotomies were performed. The identification and biopsy as indicated of all four parathyroid glands at initial neck exploration would have prevented over 70 percent of reoperations. PMID- 7125074 TI - Adenocarcinoma of salivary origin. Clinicopathologic study of 204 patients. AB - We have reviewed a 30 year experience with 204 patients treated for adenocarcinomas of salivary origin. Seventy-one percent had histologically typical adenocarcinomas, whereas 12 percent had papillary, 12 percent mucinous, and 5 percent other unusual variants. Despite these morphologic differences, almost all of the lesions could be classified into one of three histologic grades. The tumors arose most often in the minor salivary glands (138 patients, 68 percent) and the less common variants of adenocarcinoma usually involved the oral cavity, nasal cavity, or paranasal sinuses. High-grade tumors were more often high stage at the time of diagnosis. Treatment almost always consisted of surgical resection which was tailored according to the site and extent of the lesion. Five, 10, and 15 year cure rates were 41, 34, and 28 percent, respectively, and salvage was determined by the grade and stage of the tumor rather than by the extent of the surgery. Local recurrence of this most lethal of salivary tumors exceeded 50 percent. Postoperative teletherapy is probably indicated in most patients if survival rates are to increase, but the role of systemic chemotherapy remains to be defined. PMID- 7125075 TI - Head and neck surgery in the aged. AB - This study was carried out to determine the perioperative mortality rate of patients over the age of 65 years who are undergoing major head and neck resections under general anesthesia. The total number of patients was 810 and the perioperative mortality rate (death within 30 days of operation) was 3.5 percent (29 of 810). This rate is relatively low when compared with the rate for patients undergoing similar procedures during the same period in the 35 to 65 years age group. Since 1975 reports of other types of surgery in the elderly have given perioperative mortality rates of from 4.8 to 26 percent. Previous studies of head and neck surgery in the elderly have given perioperative mortality rates of from 1.3 to 13.6 percent. Head and neck surgery in the elderly continues to be a safe procedure when compared with other types of surgery. As the portion of patients in the population over the age of 65 continues to increase, advanced age alone should not be a deterrent to performing aggressive surgical therapy for head and neck cancer. PMID- 7125077 TI - Carcinoma of the subglottic larynx. AB - Primary epidermoid carcinoma of the subglottic region is extremely rare. Review of the tumor registry at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center over the past 25 years showed only 16 patients who could be classified as having primary carcinomas arising in the subglottic larynx. Their ages ranged from 33 to 77 years. There were 13 men and 3 women. The most common symptom was hoarseness of voice (13 patients), followed by respiratory difficulty, and hemoptysis. One patient had stage I disease, two had stage II disease, five had stage III disease, and eight patients had stage IV disease. The thyroid gland was commonly involved in T4 lesions. Thirteen patients underwent total laryngectomy and 3 had partial laryngectomy. Thirteen patients were followed for more than 5 years. There was one postoperative death. One patient who had recurrence of tumor in the neck died 6 months later. One patient died after 1 year due to local recurrence and carotid rupture. One patient with initial bilateral metastatic neck nodes died from progressive, rapid, diffuse metastasis within 6 months. The 5 year determinate cure rate was, therefore, 70 percent (10 of 14). Herein, we have attempted to study the natural history of primary tumors of the subglottic region and elucidate causes of treatment failure. It appears that wide-field laryngectomy in conjunction with appropriate thyroidectomy and tracheoesophageal groove node dissection is the optimal initial treatment. Postoperative radiotherapy should be considered in advanced cases. PMID- 7125076 TI - Synchronous bilateral neck dissection. AB - The type of treatment used to control evident or possible metastatic cancer in the cervical region remains in dispute. When clinically positive lymph nodes are present in both sides of the neck, treatment to both sides is mandatory. If surgery is elected as the primary treatment, the neck dissection can be done bilaterally, either in one or two stages. Synchronous bilateral radical neck dissection has been associated with a high morbidity rate. It was the purpose of this paper to report the indications, complications, and results in a series of 179 synchronous bilateral neck dissections done between 1967 and 1979. In all except one instance, the internal jugular vein was saved on one or both sides. The mortality rate was 3.4 percent. Patients with histologically positive lymph nodes that were present bilaterally were found to have a reasonable prospect for cure. The rate of recurrence was related more to the inability to control the primary cancer than to treatment failure in the neck. PMID- 7125078 TI - Malignant tumors of the head and neck in a young population. AB - Malignant tumors in the head and neck region are rare in patients under the age of 30 years. The survival rate in our group compared favorably with the rate for adults with similar tumors and supports the administration of aggressive treatment. Radiation therapy in the formative years can arrest skeletal growth and cause tissue atrophy which produces facial asymmetry, but it does give in balance a better functional result and less mutilation than does radical surgery. The risk of development of a second malignant tumor with the administration of modern treatment appears to be minimal. There is an urgent need for better documentation of etiologic factors. PMID- 7125079 TI - Reimplantation of freeze-treated bone in immediate reconstruction of the mandible. AB - Surgical defects encountered with corrective surgery of the mandibular complex have been repaired most successfully with autogenous composite bone grafts. Their use belies inherent consequences associated with distant donor sites. Presented here are the experiences and results in two patients whose reconstructions consisted of immediate replacement of the resected mandibular segment after its devitalization with cryogenic freezing treatments. Such treated, autologous bone provides an ideal anatomic graft, nondistinct antigenicity, and immediate restoration of form and function. Monitoring of neoosteogenesis was performed with sequential panographic, nuclear, and histologic studies that documented clinical and histologic repair. PMID- 7125080 TI - Extralaryngeal divisions of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Surgical and clinical significance. AB - Extralaryngeal branches of the recurrent laryngeal nerve have been noted in the literature, but frequently the researchers fail to indicate with accuracy the site of bifurcation. The current study was undertaken to designate the exact level of bifurcation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, with more precise localization using a standard anatomic landmark. A prospective study based on 83 surgical patients was performed. The location of all nerves was measured using the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage as the anatomic landmark. A total of 153 recurrent laryngeal nerves were observed. Sixty-three (41.2 percent) bifurcated or trifurcated into extralaryngeal branches. Of these, there were four instances of trifurcations. The remaining 59 nerves bifurcated. Of these, 14 nerves bifurcated into equal-sized branches which went in an anterior or posterior direction. The remaining 45 nerve bifurcations indicated that 39 (86.7 percent) of the small branches went in a posterior direction, whereas only 6 (13.3 percent) of the large branches went in that direction. Surgical and clinical implications of this finding were discussed. Two instances of a "nonrecurrent" laryngeal nerve (that occurred on the right side) were also noted. The results of this study demonstrate conclusively that extralaryngeal branches of the recurrent laryngeal nerve are not an anatomic rarity. Therefore, thyroid surgery must include identification and preservation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and all of its divisions. PMID- 7125081 TI - One-stage composite reconstruction using the latissimus myoosteocutaneous free flap. AB - Head and neck reconstruction using a free flap composed of latissimus dorsi muscle and overlying skin and attached to vascularized posterior rib based on the thoracodorsal vessel was recently developed in our laboratory. Further clinical experience in the use of this flap is presented, along with a detailed explanation of the surgical technique. This flap provides internal lining, structural support, bulk, and external coverage for head and neck defects in one stage. Herein alternative composite free flaps have been compared with this flap. PMID- 7125082 TI - One-stage reconstruction of the hypopharynx using myomucosal tongue flap and dermal graft. AB - Reconstruction of the hypopharynx following total laryngectomy and total pharyngectomy provides a one-stage procedure to reconstitute the food conduit. A myomucosal advancement tongue flap forms the anterolateral walls, and the dermal graft forms the posterior wall of the reconstruction. Sixteen patients underwent reconstruction by this method. Thirteen required total laryngectomy and total pharyngectomy for extensive carcinomas. Two other patients who had previous laryngectomy and hypopharyngeal recurrence had pharyngectomy and repair by tongue flap and dermal graft. A third patient required laryngopharyngectomy following recurrence after supraglottic laryngectomy. No postoperative deaths have occurred. Anteriolateral defects of up to 8 cm in size can be reconstructed providing the neck can be flexed. Larger posterior defects superior to the eustachian tube can be closed. In two patients minor fistulas developed which closed spontaneously. One other patient had a delayed wound dehiscence and infection with fistula and carotid blowout. The patient had undergone previous surgery and radiotherapy. Deglutition was good to excellent in most patients. Three patients required esophageal dilatation with resolution. Cinegraphic studies have demonstrated the tongue to propel a bolus and to modulate speech which shows this repair to create a dynamic conduit. One patient had difficulty in swallowing because the left hypoglossal nerve was resected. Seven patients were alive with no evidence of disease 2 to 30 months postoperatively. Four patients who were free of their original disease died from other causes. Four patients died from original disease 5 to 23 months postoperatively. At present, one patient is alive with disease. Tongue flap and dermal graft provide a reliable and one-stage reconstruction following laryngopharyngectomy and should be considered as an alternative to distant flap and intestinal interposition reconstructive procedures. PMID- 7125083 TI - Platysma musculocutaneous flap: clinical and anatomic considerations in head and neck reconstruction. AB - The platysma musculocutaneous flap was used in 14 patients for reconstruction of the oral lining and external skin coverage in the head and neck area. Complications occurred in five patients. Only one patient, however, required further surgery and this was for correction of a poor cosmetic result. The skin and subjacent muscle are supplied by a major vascular pedicle from the facial artery and vein and a minor pedicle from the transverse cervical artery and vein. Either pedicle can be used as the pivot for the flap's arc of rotation. The donor defect can be closed primarily and did not present any problems. The flap can be raised with both its motor and sensory supply intact. The thinness and pliability, color match, and proximity make this flap a useful adjunct in head and neck surgery. PMID- 7125084 TI - Modified bilobular ("gemini") pectoralis major myocutaneous flap. AB - The bilobular or gemini type of pectoralis major myocutaneous flap evolved from a desire to simplify the closure of large surgical defects of both mucosa and skin that could not be satisfactorily closed primarily. Previously, such defects often required combined or multiple reconstructive procedures such as myocutaneous and deltopectoral flap operations. The mucosal and skin defects are closed by two skin paddles supported by a single muscular vascular pedicle. The skin paddles are fashioned side by side and separated from each other as the muscle is folded between them parallel to the vascular axis. All of the defects were successfully closed and the major portion of all grafts survived. This operation permits single-stage reconstruction after ablation of tumors or treatment of complications which produced large through-and-through mucocutaneous defects of the head and neck area. PMID- 7125085 TI - One-stage pharyngoesophageal and oral mucocutaneous reconstruction with two segments of one musculocutaneous flap. AB - This report describes a one-stage technique that provides both cover and lining to mucocutaneous defects of the head and neck with either latissimus dorsi or pectoralis major musculocutaneous units that are split into anatomic segments to create two independent flaps from one musculocutaneous unit. In addition, this technique further refines reconstruction of pharyngoesophageal defects. Techniques of simultaneous mandibular reconstruction with vascularized bone carried on these same segmental flaps are also commented on. PMID- 7125086 TI - [Cerebral protection by gamma-butyrolactone after induction of experimental ischemia in the rat]. PMID- 7125087 TI - [Extension of the concept of post-anoxic cerebral protection to 4 hydroxybutyrate]. PMID- 7125088 TI - [Cerebral pharmacologic protection]. PMID- 7125089 TI - [Drug protection of cerebral metabolism and behavioral activity after an acute ischemic stroke]. PMID- 7125090 TI - [Double-blind study on the effects of potassium canrenoate on perifocal edema in acute cerebral ischemia]. PMID- 7125091 TI - [The place of lidocaine in the treatment of acute attacks of intracranial hypertension]. PMID- 7125092 TI - [Status of the estrogen receptor system and the clinical effect of cryosurgery of the hyperplastic endometrium]. PMID- 7125094 TI - [Comparative evaluation of different methods of ultrasonic scanning in the diagnosis of hydatidiform mole]. PMID- 7125093 TI - [Hypophyseal gonadotropic function in malignant ovarian tumors]. PMID- 7125095 TI - [Restorative treatment and metabolic rehabilitation of uterine myoma patients at the transitional age following surgery]. PMID- 7125096 TI - [Surgical treatment of hyperplastic processes and precancer of the endometrium]. PMID- 7125097 TI - [Comprehensive study of the biological characteristics of endometrial cancer]. PMID- 7125098 TI - [Hysteroscopy in cancer of the corpus uteri: its role in the diagnosis and control over intracavitary gamma therapy effectiveness]. PMID- 7125099 TI - [Significance of the histamine content of the blood in female genital tuberculosis]. PMID- 7125100 TI - [Comparative study of prolonged peridural anesthesia and combined general anesthesia in surgical gynecology]. PMID- 7125101 TI - [Estradiol-binding capacity of the plasma membranes of the human myometrium in various diseases]. PMID- 7125102 TI - [Effect of structural analogs of estrogen on mouse embryo development in vitro]. PMID- 7125103 TI - [Use of self-resorbing collagen protectors in the surgical treatment of tubal sterility]. PMID- 7125104 TI - [New instrument for tumor extraction: a gynecological cystextractor]. PMID- 7125105 TI - [A new modern obstetrical and gynecological complex in Riga]. PMID- 7125106 TI - [IgG receptors on the cell membranes of trophoblasts of various levels of maturity]. PMID- 7125107 TI - [Myasthenia gravis and pregnancy]. PMID- 7125108 TI - [Amniotic embolism and its forensic medical importance]. PMID- 7125109 TI - [Mycoplasma infections in the pregnant woman, fetus and the newborn infant]. PMID- 7125110 TI - [Pregnancy and acute hepatodystrophy in viral hepatitis]. PMID- 7125112 TI - [Our experience with the ultrasonic diagnosis of placenta praevia and hydatid mole]. PMID- 7125111 TI - [Changes in the acid-base status of pregnant women treated with partusisten and trometamol]. PMID- 7125113 TI - [Reaction to pain and wakefulness in anesthesia for cesarean section]. PMID- 7125114 TI - [Total fats in the early puerperal period]. PMID- 7125115 TI - [Our experience in studying factors in the recovery process in puerperal mastitis]. PMID- 7125116 TI - [Low-dose heparin prophylaxis in surgical gynecology]. PMID- 7125117 TI - [Anesthesiological and resuscitation problems in female geriatric patients in gynecology]. PMID- 7125118 TI - [Adrenocortical function in women with inflammatory gynecologic diseases and sterility following balneotherapy at the Kyustendil health resort]. PMID- 7125119 TI - [Ovarian hormonal disorders in obesity]. PMID- 7125120 TI - [Hysteroscopy and hysterosalpingography: mutually complementary methods in elucidating the state of the uterine cavity in sterile women (a preliminary report)]. PMID- 7125121 TI - [Need for scientific medical information by obstetricians and gynecologists working in a therapeutic and prophylactic system]. PMID- 7125122 TI - [Placental ultrastructure of rats with prolonged pregnancy]. PMID- 7125123 TI - [Hormonal profile of the second trimester of normal and pathologic pregnancies]. PMID- 7125124 TI - [Motor activity and reactivity of the fetus]. PMID- 7125125 TI - [Obstetrical anesthesia using electroanalgesia]. PMID- 7125126 TI - [Our experience with epidural analgesia-anesthesia in obstetrics and gynecology (preliminary report)]. PMID- 7125127 TI - [Diagnosis of the state of the uterus in normal labor at term and in patients with an unfavorable obstetric history]. PMID- 7125128 TI - [Postpartum hypothalamic obesity]. PMID- 7125129 TI - [Detection of antibodies to respiratory syncytial virus in a neonate with multiple abnormalities]. PMID- 7125130 TI - [Characteristics of colonization of newborn infants in an intensive care unit by Gram-negative microorganisms and staphylococci]. PMID- 7125131 TI - [Effect of inflammatory processes of the internal genitalia on the secretion of ovarian hormones in puberty and adolescence]. PMID- 7125132 TI - [Results of treating trichomonas colpitis in 112 women with massive doses of Trichomonacid]. PMID- 7125134 TI - [Labor induction: nature, types, indications, contraindications and conditions]. PMID- 7125133 TI - [Role of abortion on demand and contraception in the reproductive process in a population]. PMID- 7125135 TI - [Primary carcinoma of the fallopian tubes and case contribution]. PMID- 7125136 TI - Statewide outbreak: medical information. PMID- 7125137 TI - Childhood neutropenia. PMID- 7125138 TI - The management of acute otitis media in pediatric practice. PMID- 7125139 TI - Percutaneous renal biopsy at the Children's Hospital of Alabama. PMID- 7125140 TI - Lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis with dysproteinemia in a child. PMID- 7125141 TI - Incest: recognition and the initial management. PMID- 7125144 TI - Radiology rounds: fever of unknown origin in a 48-year-old man seven years after mesocaval shunt. PMID- 7125142 TI - Medical pathology conference: sudden death in a 63-year-old man with severe rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7125143 TI - Newer concepts in the diagnosis and treatment of scoliosis. PMID- 7125145 TI - The profession of medicine in the new competitive marketplace. PMID- 7125146 TI - The recurrent and retention of minority health professionals. PMID- 7125147 TI - The voice of Alabama: recovery from a stroke. PMID- 7125148 TI - Air transport of the trauma patient. PMID- 7125149 TI - Bear maulings in Alaska. PMID- 7125150 TI - The serologic diagnosis of HBV disease. PMID- 7125151 TI - A clinical and immunological study of allergy to hen's egg white. II. Antigens in hen's egg white studied by crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE). PMID- 7125152 TI - Birch pollen allergy in children. Role of milk feeding during the first birch season of life. AB - The effect of exclusive breast-feeding throughout the first birch pollen season of life was examined in 59 children compared to 67 children on cow milk formula and to 27 children weaned to cow milk-based formula during their first birch season. The infants were about 3 months of age in their first birch season, and allergy to birch pollen was evaluated at 5 years of age by history and prick and provocation tests. Breast-feeding throughout the first birch season did not prevent birch pollen allergy; a similar birch allergy prevalence of about 10% was found in children initially fed on human or cow milk. Instead, weaning to cow milk-based formula during the first birch season seemed to protect from subsequent development of birch pollen allergy. Analogous results were obtained regarding allergy to grass pollen. This unexpected finding may be related to the immunologic stress on the young infant provided by introduction of cow milk proteins at an early age. PMID- 7125154 TI - Retention of pollen grains in human lung. AB - The possibility of the penetration of pollen grains into the tracheobronchial tree is still a controversial question. To investigate this phenomenon further two different approaches were conducted: 1) Acetolysis (acidic degradation of organic constituents) of mucosal samples from different levels of the pig respiratory tract showed that specific (plane tree) inhaled pollens were not found beyond the main bronchi. 2) In contrast, a noticeable number of pollens were present in acetolyzed residues of lung surgical samples; this was shown to be due to contamination. In the first approach this problem was avoided; however, the analysis of surgical samples could be a valuable technique if suitable controls were included. PMID- 7125155 TI - [The problem of the difficult intubation]. AB - Endotracheal intubation has become widespread routine in modern anaesthesiology and intensive care. Nevertheless, there are still patients in whom endotracheal intubation fails or is hampered by anatomical malformations. In these cases "conventional" attempts at intubation are not only time-consuming but also involve considerable risk for the patient, including total failure. Moreover these techniques (e.g., blind nasal) require a highly skilled performer as well as a good deal of luck. Under such circumstances, fiberoptic endotracheal intubation is the method of choice. This technique is easy to perform even by untrained persons, achieves a high rate of success and nearly totally lacks special hazards. The practical points of the procedure are outlined and possible problems discussed, which, however, are rare. PMID- 7125153 TI - Budesonide and nasal histamine challenge. AB - The possible mode of action of the lately demonstrated steroid effect on the immediate type allergic reaction was investigated. The influence of a topical steroid, budesonide, on the effects that released mediators have on the nasal mucosa was also studied. A nasal histamine challenge study was performed in a double-blind, cross-over fashion, a 1-week pretreatment with budesonide or placebo preceding the challenge. Symptoms were recorded by means of symptom score as well as objectively via rhinomanometry. In contrast to a previous allergen challenge study, the steroid was found to have minimal effect on the histamine induced nasal symptoms. It is therefore concluded that other modes of steroid action must also be involved in the steroid effect on the immediate type allergic reaction. PMID- 7125156 TI - [Post-traumatic pulmonary hematomas and pneumatoceles]. AB - The x-ray morphology of posttraumatic intrapulmonary haematomas and pneumatoceles is described on the basis of 12 cases in a total of 211 patients with blunt thoracic traumas. The article also reports on the course of these haematomas and pneumatoceles. The problem of the development of a barotrauma through PEEP ventilation is discussed, taking the clinical courses into consideration. A characteristic feature of all the discussed cases was the tendency to spontaneous regression as well as continuous decrease in size roentgenologically; this enabled safe differential diagnosis against other cystic pulmonary changes. PMID- 7125157 TI - [Thiopental for the prevention of severe brain damage after carbon monoxide poisoning. Case report on 3 cases]. AB - Three cases of severe carbon monoxide poisoning are described presenting with deep coma, generalised extensor spasms and myoclonia as symptoms of acute midbrain syndrome. Despite this poor prognosis all patients survived without essential neurological impairment. This favourable outcome is thought to be due to the administration of thiopentone for the amelioration of hypoxic brain damage in dosages commonly employed in anaesthesia. PMID- 7125158 TI - [On the use of physostigmine in anesthesia and intensive care]. AB - Physostigmine is an antidote in cases of overdosage with intravenous anaesthetics such as dehydrobenzperidol, benzodiazepines and ketamine. It is also useful in antagonizing drug induced comas of different origin particularly in cases of acute intoxication with tricyclic antidepressants and alcohol. We discuss our therapeutic observations in anaesthesiological and intensive care patients. We have not seen any side effects after physostigmine administration, but the possibility of undesired parasympathomimetic activity demands correct indication, well calculated dosage and continuous surveillance of the patient. PMID- 7125159 TI - [Is there a seasonal fluctuation in the appearance of deep venous thrombosis?]. AB - We have evaluated data from 481 patients. In all of them the incidence of postoperative dvt was registered by the 125I-labelled fibrinogen test. We have analysed our data in order to compare them with the results of Lawrence from Sydney. This author found a much higher incidence in dvt in the cold half of the year than in the hot months. However, in Basel there is no statistically significant difference in the incidence of dvt from month to month nor between the 4 seasons, and all this is independent from the type of drug prevention used. The conclusion we draw is that it is reasonable to use prevention of thromboembolic complications all the year round when living in Central Europe. PMID- 7125160 TI - [Malignant hyperthermia. Current aspects of dantrolene treatment of 2 cases of hyperthermia maligna incipiens]. AB - During induction with volatile anaesthetic agents and succinylcholine (suxamethonium) both children showed a singular clinical symptom: trismus. In the first case(1) narcosis had been interrupted followed by clinically controlled recovery. One week later, after treatment with oral dantrolen (Dantamacrin), anaesthesia with triggerfree agents was performed without complications. In the second case (2) anaesthesia has been continued by using triggerfree agents. Both children showed significant increases of Creatin-Kinase-activities over 5000 U/l after the interrupted narcosis (1) and postoperatively as being typical biochemical parameters for incipient hyperthermia maligna. All other parameters were normal. A review is given on the use of dantrolene-sodium, its development and its use in our department as lifesaving agent in malignant hyperthermia. PMID- 7125161 TI - [Possible patient overheating by OP-table heating equipment]. AB - The technical equipment used in the operation theatre must be safe and foolproof. We observed a complication of near overheating a patient using the thermomaquet heating pads. The conclusion of our observation is that such heating pads must have a high-temperature cut-off device. PMID- 7125162 TI - [Concerning abortion. The right to life]. PMID- 7125164 TI - [Admission of medical students]. PMID- 7125166 TI - An aldosterone-producing adrenal cortical adenoma. AB - Primary aldosteronism, when caused by an aldosterone-producing adenoma, is a surgically treatable condition. An operation was performed on a 44-year-old patient with this condition. The pre-operative preparation and anaesthetic management are presented. The specific problems of hypertension, hypokalaemia, hypokalaemic alkalosis and renal lesions, and their importance to the anaesthetist are discussed. PMID- 7125165 TI - A comparison of the response to suxamethonium in post-partum and gynaecological patients. AB - The response to suxamethonium was assessed in 20 women undergoing tubal ligation on the first or second post-partum day and in 20 women undergoing interval tubal ligation. The dose of suxamethonium which produced 80% depression of control twitch height was significantly lower in the puerperal patients. Similarly, recovery times following injection of a 20-mg bolus of the drug were significantly longer in the post-partum than the non-obstetric group. Cholinesterase activity, determined in six post-partum women, was inversely related to the time to maximal recovery. Thus, smaller doses of suxamethonium are required in the early puerperium. PMID- 7125163 TI - [Early signs of intrauterine fetal activity]. PMID- 7125167 TI - Failure of a Fluotec Mk II. PMID- 7125168 TI - A nasotracheal tube for faciomaxillary surgery. PMID- 7125169 TI - A nomogram to reduce errors in paediatric drug dose calculations. PMID- 7125170 TI - Anaesthetic manpower in the future in the UK. AB - The short-term objective of the DHSS of a 1:1 consultant: junior ratio by 1988 is compatible with current trends in consultant expansion and implies no reduction in registrars before then. The target of doubling the number of consultants in 15 years cannot be met in anaesthesia without a fairly sharp, and relatively short lived increase in senior registrar numbers. This has implications for planning in other specialties, particularly surgery. It seems prudent to assume the target will take longer than 15 years to achieve. Between 1988 and 2004 there would need to be a reduction of between one and two registrar posts per region per annum if the DHSS target of a consultant:junior ratio of 1.8:1 is to be met. Lesser reductions would be necessary if there were to be expansion of Hospital Practitioners in anaesthesia. No change in the number of senior registrar posts need be envisaged. If entry were properly controlled, the current number of registrar posts would be compatible with a viable career structure for British graduates. PMID- 7125171 TI - Intravenous regional analgesia. PMID- 7125172 TI - A pain slide rule. PMID- 7125173 TI - Pressures on tracheal tube cuffs. Some corrections. PMID- 7125174 TI - [Intracellular acid-base balance. Introduction into a new field of experimental anaesthesia]. AB - Recent research shows that diagnosis and therapeutic control of severe acid-base disturbances by means of blood-gas analysis is not sufficient. The whole intracellular compartment which is excluded from the measurements seems to play a much more important role in the overall acid-base regulation that it was expected. Methods which were already used for the determination of intracellular pH are reviewed and the DMO-method which is used today routinely for experimental medicine is discussed as a new field of research in experimental anaesthesia. PMID- 7125175 TI - [Respiration of multi-injured patients with He-O2 and N2-O2 mixtures. I. Ventilatory effects and pulmonary gas exchange]. AB - Polytraumatic patients (n = 19), requiring for ventilatory support [8, 23, 24], were alternatively normoventilated (PaCO2 approximately equal to 40 mm Hg) with either He-O2 or N2-O2 (FIO2 = 0,3) using positive endexspiratory pressures of 0, 5, 10 and 15 cm H2O. The results demonstrated that the tidal volume decreased by 17% during the ventilation with He-O2 as compared with N2-O2. At the same time the inspiratory resistance and the inspiratory peak-pressure decreased by 20%. These results can be explained by the physical properties of helium, since helium guarantees a laminar flow during respiration in contrast to N2 even in obstructive airways. In conclusion it can be said that polytrauma patients have a inhomogeneous distribution of ventilation starting at the day of accident, that leads to a rise in deadspace ventilation. Because of having lower respiration pressures by using He-O2 mixtures, pulmonary barotrauma could be reduced. PMID- 7125176 TI - [Pretreatment with heparin in experimental trauma and haemorrhagic shock]. AB - A severe shock is produced in 18 mongrel dogs by standardized bone trauma and haemorrhagic shock. Impairment of microcirculation is demonstrated by acidosis, reduced oxygen uptake and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Further, a specific increase in pulmonary vascular resistance--independent of the reduction in blood flow--is evoked, concomitantly with the occurrence of microthrombi, oedema and haemorrhage in lung tissue. Pretreatment with heparin inhibits disseminated intravascular coagulation and reduces impairment of microcirculation and the consecutive damage of intestinal organs. However increase of pulmonary vascular resistance is unchanged and pulmonary haemorrhage is pronounced. Therefore heparin pretreatment enhances pulmonary histologic impairment after trauma and haemorrhagic shock. PMID- 7125178 TI - [Cuff pressure changes due to diffusion of nitrous oxide. A contribution to the question of the in vivo-diffusion--area of the cuff]. AB - The mechanisms of nitrous oxide-diffusion through the endotracheal tube-cuff wall are still unknown in detail. In 30 patients we observed the pressure in low and high pressure-cuffs during operations with extracorporeal circulation (ECC). Under the chosen circumstances we found in low pressure-cuffs an increase of the initial pressure of 15.15 mm Hg up to 74,7 mm Hg until the beginning of ECC. During the ECC cuff pressure decreased to 32.25 mm Hg and was dependent on the body-temperature of the patients. After ECC the cuff pressure increased again up to 79.05 mm Hg until the operation was finished. The pressure changes in high pressure-cuffs were similar at different pressure-levels. These results show that in vivo the whole cuff-wall is diffusion-area for nitrous oxide. The main part of gas diffusion occurs through the contact area of the cuff with the tracheal wall. PMID- 7125177 TI - [Investigations on epidural morphine. Efficacy, solvent, analgesic supplementation]. AB - The effects of epidural morphine for pain relief after orthopaedic surgery of the lower extremity were examined in 60 patients. Intraoperative analgesia was achieved with epidural administration of 2% mepivacaine. The patients were divided in a double-blind, random fashion into 3 groups. Group I received 2 mg morphine base (2.63 mg morphine hydrochloride) in 10 ml 0.9% sodium chloride, Group II received 2 mg morphine base in 10 ml 5% glucose, and Group III, 10 ml 5% glucose as placebo. The quality of analgesia was judged by 1) the amount of i.m. pentazocine (0.5-1 mg/kg) required during the first 24 h, and 2) the analysis of a visual analog scale. The duration of epidural morphine analgesia was 13 +/- 9.4 h. For supplementary postoperative analgesia, the patients in Group I required a mean dose of 24 mg, Group II 18 mg, and Group III 48 mg of pentazocine (P less than 0.001 and 0.05 respectively) within the first 12 h. The solution (glucose or normal saline) had no influence on morphine effectiveness. The side effects were urinary retention in 8 patients (20%) and pruritus in one (3%). It is concluded that 2 mg of morphine base administered epidurally is an effective method of postoperative pain relief in orthopaedic patients. PMID- 7125179 TI - [Substitution of antithrombin III in shock patients]. AB - In 15 patients admitted to the operative intensive care unit of the Institute of Anesthesiology for shock and with signs of DIC, antithrombin III (AT III) was substituted together with a continuous infusion of heparin. 1,000 units AT III were given after the first blood sampling. This was followed by 500 units after 24 h and after 48 h. 14 out of the 15 cases could be evaluated. The activity of AT III prior to substitution was below 75% in 10 cases and above 75% in 4 cases. The mean increase after substitution was 16%. The recovery was below 50% in cases with acute DIC whilst it was 90% in cases in a comparatively steady state. One unit AT III per kg body weight increased the activity of AT III in circulation by an average of 1% in acute DIC whilst the increase was 2% in cases without signs of acute DIC. The average half disappearance of the increase of AT III in circulation was 4.25 h in acute DIC but was 19.0 h when acute DIC was not detectable. PMID- 7125181 TI - [Occlusion of the arteria cerebri media following unsuccessful cannulation of the vena jugularis interna]. AB - A case of occlusion of arteria cerebri media after an unsuccessful attempt to cannulate the internal jugular vein is reported. This central vein presents itself in any case of emergency during an operation because it is easily feasible and the complication rate is relatively low. Possible pathological mechanism and preventive measures are discussed. PMID- 7125180 TI - [Possible mechanisms, differential diagnosis and prophylaxis of vocal cords palsy following endotracheal intubation]. AB - This report is based on a total of 53 vocal cord palsies after endotracheal intubation on the basis of a bibliographical review and 5 of our own observations. Pressure and extension injuries of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, especially of its terminal branches, are probably the cause of such damage. It seems that infection of the respiratory tract encourage vocal cords palsies. Possible aetiological mechanisms and questions concerning the innervation of the larynx connected with this, the clinical differential diagnosis and prophylactic measures are discussed. PMID- 7125182 TI - [Anaesthesia technique for a very unusual injury]. PMID- 7125184 TI - Computer symposium. PMID- 7125183 TI - [Nasal contralateral intubation: a new technique with a fiberoptic instrument]. AB - Thirty adult patients were intubated with the help of a flexible fiberoptic instrument (FOI). The endotracheal tube was passed through the right nostril as in blind nasal intubation. At the same time the FOI was passed through the left nostril. This allowed an exact exploration for possible obstruction and an atraumatic and safe endotracheal intubation. By this means, it was also possible to alter exactly the position of the tube visually. This procedure presents distinct didactic advantages and helps to prevent false positioning of the tube and subsequent injuries. Indications, in particular its potential use in paediatric anesthesia, as well as its disadvantages, are discussed in the conclusion of this paper. PMID- 7125185 TI - Humanising the computer. AB - Many well-intentioned and potentially useful data handling computer systems fail to realise their potential because inadequate effort has been made to humanise the computer/operator interface. Programs are usually written by people who are logical thinkers, enjoy working with computers and who find satisfaction in writing their programs. Unfortunately those same programs often have to be used by people who are illogical, who fear computers and loathe having to work with them. Some suggestions for humanising the computer/operator interaction are made. PMID- 7125186 TI - The computer in anaesthesia--a cautionary note. PMID- 7125187 TI - One year's evaluation of a system of on-line computerisation of anaesthetic records using a computer bureau. AB - A system for the on-line computerisation of anaesthetic records using a computer bureau is described. The requirements of the system are a keyboard and video display unit appropriately linked to the bureau's computer. The system was cheap and easy to install. It required no programming expertise from department members. Disadvantages included the need to change between two screens for data entry, a delay of over 8 months before satisfactory reports materialised for individuals or the department, congestion at peak times for data entry, excessive time spent on data entry, reluctance of the bureau to alter the format of the screens once they had been generated. The cost of the system is felt to be justified by the information provided for both accreditation requirements and for department management. PMID- 7125188 TI - Computer-based monitoring and data analysis in anaesthesia and intensive care. AB - A computer with a software package for physiological monitoring at the bedside has been set up, modified and used in a Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care over the last three and a half years. Many difficulties have been experienced in implementing a useful computer-based program for monitoring physiological data. The cost of further development to overcome these difficulties could not be justified, and demands for computer time to allow storage and analysis fo other data was increasing. A decision was therefore made to eliminate the monitoring role of the computer, and it is now used for storage and analysis of administrative and clinical data from the Intensive Care Unit, Operating Theatres and Pain Management Unit. PMID- 7125189 TI - Computerised patient monitoring in intensive care. PMID- 7125190 TI - Clinical audit of an intensive care unit. AB - A computer-based data storage and analysis system has been used to examine data obtained from 1257 patients admitted to an intensive care unit. The system readily provides administrative and clinical information which can be used to assess the workload, therapeutic efficiency and cost-effectiveness of such a unit. As the data-based expands, we expect that we will be able to identify sensitive predictors fo both complications and mortality and thereby permit the more efficient use of intensive therapy. PMID- 7125191 TI - Dose-response curves for alcuronium and pancuronium alone and in combination. AB - Simultaneous administration of pancuronium and alcuronium was used in surgical patients during nitrous oxide-narcotic-barbiturate anaesthesia in order to determine the intensity of neuromuscular blockade. When compared with the results obtained when each of the drugs was given alone, the effect was not greater than the additive. The mean effective dose of pancuronium to produce 95% paralysis was 76 micrograms per kg for the mechanical twitch response and 70 micrograms per kg for the electrical response. The respective mean doses of alcuronium producing that degree of paralysis were 285 and 244 micrograms per kg. Usually the curve derived for the mechanical twitch response was to the right of, and roughly parallel to, that for the electrical response. PMID- 7125192 TI - Anomalous action of tubocurarine in the tibialis anterior muscle of the cat. AB - Low dose infusion of tubocurarine (20 micrograms/kg per min) causes an increase in muscle contraction in tibialis anterior of the cat. Tibialis anterior muscle of 13 adult cats was indirectly stimulated via the sciatic nerve using a square wave pulse of 0.2 ms duration and supramaximal voltage at 0.06 Hz. The increase is from 5-133% of control with a mean of 36%. This is sustained for a mean of 97 min, if the infusion is ceased when maximum potentiation is achieved. Duration of potentiation is decreased by increasing the frequency of stimulation. The potentiation occurs in the presence of either rising or falling concentrations of tubocurarine, and continuing the infusion results in neuromuscular blockade. One explanation of these observations is that low dose tubocurarine may interfere with presynaptic negative feedback control of acetylcholine release. PMID- 7125193 TI - Haemodilution for major vascular surgery--using 3.5% polygeline (Haemaccel). AB - Intra-operative haemodilution and autotransfusion was carried out in 32 patients having major vascular surgery. The intra-operative blood loss and peri-operative blood replacement was compared with that in 25 patients having similar surgery in whom haemodilution was considered to be contraindicated. Both groups of patients had similar mean intra-operative blood loss measured but homologous blood transfusion requirements were significantly different; 2.6 units (SD 1.9) in the haemodiluted patients compared with 6.0 units (SD 3.5) in the non-diluted patients. There was no mortality in the haemodiluted patients nor was any morbidity attributed to the procedure. Polygeline (haemaccel) was used as the diluent and proved satisfactory for this purpose. PMID- 7125195 TI - Endotracheal tube misplacement. PMID- 7125194 TI - Platelet counts in stored donor blood. AB - Platelets were counted in eight units each of one- and three-day-old blood. Counts were done both before and after the blood had passed through a standard 170 micron filter. In the one-day-old blood, platelet counts were within the normal range. The mean count was 237,000 platelets/microlitre. Platelet counts on three-day-old blood were lower, but generally still within the normal range. The mean count was 183,000/microlitre. Only a few platelets were retained by the filter in the transfusion set; about 90% of platelets passed the filter in both the one- and three-day-old blood. It appears that whole blood, anticoagulated with citrate/phosphate/dextrose (CPD), and stored under Australian blood bank conditions retains platelets in sufficient numbers for at least the first three days to be clinically significant. However, it remains to be determined whether satisfactory platelet activity can be expected during this time. PMID- 7125196 TI - Two unusual presentations of organophosphate poisoning. PMID- 7125197 TI - Pulmonary artery catheterisation. PMID- 7125198 TI - Anomalous tritium loss in the measurement of tissue hydroxy-[5-3H]proline specific activity following chloramine-T oxidation. PMID- 7125199 TI - Characterization and determination of titratable groups of proteins by linearization of titration curves. II. Application to lysozyme. PMID- 7125201 TI - An automated continuous-flow dynamic dialysis technique for investigating protein ligand binding. PMID- 7125203 TI - Rapid concentration of urinary peptides and proteins. PMID- 7125200 TI - A resin-based method for the preparation of molecular nitrogen for 15N analysis from urinary and plasma components. PMID- 7125202 TI - Measurement of ketone bodies in subcellular fractions using a spectrophotometric iron-chelate assay. PMID- 7125205 TI - Analysis of sulfate in complex carbohydrates. PMID- 7125204 TI - Determination of carbonyl oxygen exchange rates in alpha-ketoacids by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. PMID- 7125206 TI - A steady-state kinetics study of myrosinase with direct ultraviolet spectrophotometric assay. PMID- 7125208 TI - Isolation of proliferative epithelial cells from the rat cecum and proximal colon. PMID- 7125207 TI - Amino acid determination in pure proteins, foods, and feeds using two different acid hydrolysis methods. PMID- 7125209 TI - Purification of heart hexokinase by dye-ligand chromatography. PMID- 7125210 TI - Analysis of the free nucloetide pools of mammalian tissue by high-pressure liquid chromatography. PMID- 7125212 TI - Analysis of peptic fragmentation of human immunoglobulin G using high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7125213 TI - Cord blood screening for hemoglobin disorders by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7125211 TI - Ascorbic acid analysis in biological fluids. PMID- 7125214 TI - A simple and rapid purification of commercial trypsin and chymotrypsin by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7125215 TI - Adaptation of reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography for the isolation and sequence analysis of peptides from plasma amyloid P-component. PMID- 7125216 TI - Purification of glycopeptides of human ceruloplasmin and immunoglobulin D by high pressure liquid chromatography. PMID- 7125217 TI - The assay of peroxidases by means of dicarboxidine on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay level. PMID- 7125218 TI - Dual-column high-performance liquid chromatographic urinary organic acid profiling. PMID- 7125219 TI - A quantitative assay of deoxyribonucleic acid strand breaks and their repair in mammalian cells. PMID- 7125220 TI - Gas chromatographic-mass spectral analysis of the five-carbon beta-, gamma-, and delta-amino alkanoic acids. PMID- 7125221 TI - A convenient large-scale method for the isolation of membrane vesicles permeable to a specific inorganic ion: isolation and characterization of functional acetylcholine receptor-containing vesicles from the electric organ of Electrophorus electricus. PMID- 7125222 TI - High-performance size-exclusion chromatography of hydrolyzed plant proteins. PMID- 7125223 TI - The isolation of peptides by high-performance liquid chromatography using predicted elution positions. PMID- 7125224 TI - The application of high-performance liquid chromatography for the resolution of proteins encoded by the human adenovirus type 2 cell transformation region. PMID- 7125225 TI - Arsenazo I and tetramethylmurexide as optical calcium indicators. PMID- 7125226 TI - The use of high-performance liquid chromatography in the isolation and analysis of oligoribonucleotides synthesized by the T4 RNA ligase reaction. PMID- 7125227 TI - A colorimetric assay for chemical heparin in plasma. PMID- 7125228 TI - Direct radioimmunoassay for the detection of barbiturates in blood and urine. PMID- 7125230 TI - An investigation into the various factors influencing the pharmacopoeial assay of ethambutol hydrochloride tablets. PMID- 7125229 TI - Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of dibucaine and chlorpheniramine maleate in pharmaceuticals using thermochromism of ion associates. PMID- 7125232 TI - Spectrophotometric determination of amodiaquine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical dosage forms. PMID- 7125231 TI - Biogenic amine resolution in tissue extracts of rat brain using ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. PMID- 7125233 TI - Accuracy and precision of the determination of mercury in human scalp hair by cold-vapour atomic-absorption spectrophotometry. PMID- 7125234 TI - Determination of zinc and copper in isolated leucocytes. PMID- 7125235 TI - Eyelid growth and fusion in fetal mice. A scanning electron microscope study. AB - During the last phase of mammalian morphogenesis, between days 14 and 16 of gestation in the mouse, the fetal eyelids grow across the eye and become tightly fused with each other. This paper describes the surface pattern of fetal eyelids, revealed by the scanning electron microscope, during normal eyelid growth and fusion in the ICR/MI stock of mice. Fusion proceeds from both inner and outer canthi and progresses toward the middle of the gap. The first changes in cell shape and distribution occur at the inner canthus. On day 14, a large clump of rounded cells appears on the inner surface of the inner canthus. A day later, two clumps of rounded cells are positioned to either side of, i.e. above and below, the inner canthus. As fusion progresses, the diminishing gap fills with a profusion of rounded cells that are extruded, flattened, and sloughed off from the area of completed fusion. The profusion of rounded surface cells during eyelid growth and fusion appears to be a major characteristic in which the eyelid fusion process differs both from permanent fusions, such as the fusion of the neural tube, lip or palate, and from other temporary fusions, such as fusion of the digits to each other or of the pinnae to the scalp. PMID- 7125237 TI - Cytoarchitecture and cytology of the lateral reticular nucleus in the rat. AB - The cytoarchitecture and cytology of the rat lateral reticular nucleus (LRN) was studied in serial sections of paraffin embedded tissue stained with cresyl violet. Cell outlines and nuclear outlines were drawn in the transverse plane and the nucleus was serially reconstructed. The LRN in the rat begins at a point just caudal to the caudal limit of the inferior olivary nucleus and extends to the mid olivary level. The nucleus can be subdivided into a predominantly small-celled parvocellular division ventrally, a predominantly large-celled magnocellular division dorsomedially, and a subtrigeminal division dorsolaterally containing predominantly medium-sized cells. At rostral levels the nucleus comprises two parts, a medial principal portion and a lateral subtrigeminal division. Measurements of neuronal diameters yielded size distributions which confirmed the predominance of large cells in the magnocellular division, small cells in the parvocellular division and medium-sized cells in the subtrigeminal division. The neurons display multipolar, triangular, piriform and fusiform somata. All types show a range in size from small to large. The larger cells have abundant Nissl bodies which are coarse in nature and voluminous cytoplasm. The smaller cells have poorly developed Nissl bodies and scant amounts of cytoplasm. PMID- 7125236 TI - Partial denervation effects on limb cartilage regeneration. AB - Partially innervated axolotl arms gave regenerates of reduced size with deficient skeletal element replacement. This deficiency was most pronounced when nerve 4 (the largest of the brachial nerves) estimated to make up 50-60% of forelimb axons was removed by repeated resection. Nerve 3 or 5 removal gave less pronounced reduction deformities in the newly formed regenerate. The dependency of skeletal element formation upon nerves is emphasized but does not follow a strict segmental subtraction in axolotl forelimbs--perhaps because of overlapping innervation of nerves 3, 4, and 5 to all four digits. These effects of partial innervation add tentative support for an hypothesis of neurotome subtraction that was proposed to account for the syndrome of thalidomide abnormalities. PMID- 7125238 TI - The pia mater at the site of the entry of blood vessels into the central nervous system. PMID- 7125239 TI - Morphological and functional studies on the lateral joints of the first and second cervical vertebrae in man. AB - The articular surfaces of the lateral atlanto-axial joints in man were analyzed with respect to their biomechanical aspects. The joint surfaces were investigated macroscopically, and the texture of the tangential fiber layer of the articular cartilage was studied with the aid of the split-line method. Furthermore, the thickness of cartilage was measured. From the results obtained the authors draw the conclusion that especially the mode of rotational movement between C1 and C2 changes within a life time. As a consequence, the distribution of stress in the lateral atlanto-axial joint is modified. PMID- 7125240 TI - A comparative analysis of [3H]thymidine labeling in the embryonic tectum of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) and C57BL mouse. AB - The pattern of [3H]thymidine incorporation in the dorsolateral wall of the embryonic tectum was studied and compared one hour after injection of the label in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) at stages 11-20 (25-37 days of gestation) and in the C57BL mouse at stages 14-22 (9-14 days of gestation). During the early stages of development, the labeled nuclei were located peripherally in the ventricular zone in both the rhesus monkey and mouse embryo, although a number of labeled nuclei tended to occur closer to the ventricular border in the mouse, whereas there was little or no encroachment at the ventricular border in the rhesus monkey. The ventricular zone of the rhesus monkey and mouse embryos initially showed a high labeling index (LI) of about 59% which subsequently declined with increasing age. However, the decline occurred earlier and more precipitously in the rhesus monkey. At stage 17 of the rhesus monkey the LI had dropped to about 42%, whereas it still remained at 59% in the 12-day mouse, and by stage 20 of the monkey the LI was approximately 26%, in contrast to 41% in the stage 22 (14-day) mouse. At stage 20 of the mouse (12 days of gestation) the intermediate zone became much thicker than in the comparable stage (17) of the rhesus monkey, and this discrepancy continued at each successive stage observed in the current study. Also, whereas lamination became apparent in the intermediate zone of the mouse at stage 22, the monkey tectum at a comparable stage (20) was poorly differentiated. PMID- 7125242 TI - Klinefelter's syndrome and Breast cancer. AB - Breast cancer in a patient with Klinefelter's syndrome is reported. Possible correlation between testosterone and estradiol serum levels after testosterone enanthate substitution, estrogen receptors in tumor tissue and clinical symptomatology are discussed. The various theories of etiology concerning breast cancer in this syndrome are reviewed. The increased conversion of testosterone to estradiol at the therapy with androgens might be responsible for the development of breast cancer in Klinefelter's syndrome. The current way of treatment is described. PMID- 7125241 TI - Fine structure of the retinal epithelium and retinal tapetum lucidum of the goldeye Hiodon alosoides. AB - The fine structure of the retinal epithelium of the goldeye (Hiodon alosoides) has been investigated with electron microscopy in both the light- and dark adapted condition. The retinal epithelial cells are extremely tall columnar cells. They form a single layer abutting on Bruch's membrane basally (sclerally) and interdigitating with bundles of photoreceptor cells apically (vitreally). The retinal epithelial cells and the photoreceptor bundles are arranged in a hexagonal fashion so that each epithelial cell normally contacts three photoreceptor bundles and three other epithelial cells. In the light-adapted state, melanosomes are sparsely but evenly distributed throughout the cell body except for the apices, which contain more melanosomes. In dark-adaptation, melanosomes become very concentrated in the cell apex between photoreceptor bundles, with some accumulation of melanosomes also noted basally. The predominant feature of these epithelial cells is the presence of numerous reflective bodies which act as a retinal tapetum lucidum. During light-adaptation these reflective bodies are scattered throughout the cell but in dark-adaptation they accumulate centrally. In the body of the epithelial cell these reflective particles are diffusely arranged, whereas they are regularly arranged where epithelial cells ensheath photoreceptor bundles. Circadian changes are also noted in the morphology of the myeloid bodies and mitochondria and in the location of the epithelial cell nucleus. Wandering phagocytes are present at the retinal epithelial-photoreceptor interface. Bruch's membrane is thick and trilaminate and the choriocapillaris endothelium is thin and sparsely fenestrated. PMID- 7125243 TI - Simple colorimetric method for seminal plasma zinc assay. AB - Zinc concentration in seminal plasma is one of the best biochemical parameters with which to assess prostatic function in the study of male infertility. Nevertheless, this parameter is not determined in many laboratories because of technical difficulties. In this paper a simple colorimetric method for seminal plasma zinc assay is presented. This assay is performed with only one reagent solution making deproteinization and extraction with organic solvents unnecessary. The method is based on the reaction between 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2 naphthol and zinc which yields a coloured complex, that is soluble in the reagent solution when dodecyl hydrogen sulfate sodium salt is present. The solubilized complex has an absorbance peak at 560 nm. The accuracy of this method is proved by statistical comparison with atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Furthermore, the method has a good precision and is free of interference. PMID- 7125244 TI - On the morphology of the transitional zone of the seminiferous tubule and the rete testis in man. PMID- 7125245 TI - A perspective on halothane-induced hepatotoxicity. PMID- 7125246 TI - Hepatic centrilobular necrosis in rats after exposure to halothane, enflurane, or isoflurane. AB - Exposure of phenobarbital-pretreated rats to low concentrations of halothane (0.5%) and reduced oxygen tension (FIO2 0.08) resulted in the development of liver necrosis in 51% of the animals. Fasting of rats for 24 hours before the same type of exposure increased the incidence of liver necrosis to 80%. Exposure of fed rats to enflurane (1.5%) and isoflurane (1.4%) in conjunction with low oxygen tensions resulted in no liver necrosis; however, in fasting animals, these same concentrations, when accompanied by low oxygen concentrations, produced an incidence of liver necrosis of 35% and 80%, respectively. Lower concentrations of enflurane or isoflurane failed to produce hepatotoxicity. In this study, in addition to increasing the incidence of toxicity, fasting reduced the glutathione levels and also increased cytochrome P-450 concentrations. Exposure to halothane and to isoflurane, but not to enflurane, further decreased the glutathione level. Perhaps the mechanism of liver toxicity associated with anesthesia, at least in this animal model, is related more directly to severe hypoxia than to a direct toxic intermediate produced as a result of metabolism. PMID- 7125247 TI - Hypoxia may be more important than reductive metabolism in halothane-induced hepatic injury. AB - To evaluate the relative importance of halothane metabolism and liver hypoxia in the occurrence of hepatic injury, the injury produced in hypoxic rats exposed to identical MAC hours of halothane but at various concentrations of halothane was compared. Groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with phenobarbital for 4 days, and 24 hours later they were exposed to 10 hours of 10% oxygen and concomitantly 0.2 MAC hours of halothane at the following anesthetic concentrations: 0.02% for 10 hours, 0.1% for 2 hours, 0.5% for 24 minutes, or 2.5% for 4.8 minutes. A control group received only 10% oxygen for 10 hours. Liver specimens taken 24 hours later demonstrated concentration-dependent damage; high concentrations given briefly produced more damage than lower concentrations given for long periods. As hepatic clearance of halothane by metabolism appears to be a saturable phenomenon, these results suggest that hypoxia per se may be more important than halothane metabolism in causing liver damage. PMID- 7125248 TI - Onset and progression of intravenous regional anesthesia with dilute lidocaine. AB - Intravenous regional anesthesia was induced in seven healthy volunteers using dilute lidocaine solution. Onset and progression were documented by sequential detailed neurologic examinations and compared with changes following intravenous regional administration of normal saline. On average, lidocaine produced sensory loss earliest on the radial forearm and in the first dorsal web space, although the sequence of development of analgesia was variable, e.g., fingertip analgesia could occur before or after forearm sensory loss. Motor paralysis could precede or follow sensory loss in tissues supplied by the same peripheral nerve; the only consistent finding was persistence of strength in the flexor digitorum profundus of the little finger. The pattern of development of intravenous regional anesthesia was related to the anatomic distribution of the peripheral nerves; it is hypothesized that the primary mechanism of action is block of the small distal nerve branches. PMID- 7125249 TI - Prophylactic intravenous ephedrine infusion during spinal anesthesia for cesarean section. AB - Ephedrine sulfate was administered to 44 healthy parturients undergoing elective repeat cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Twenty patients received ephedrine infusion (0.01% solution, beginning with approximately 5 mg/min) immediately after induction of spinal anesthesia to maintain maternal systolic blood pressure between 90% and 100% of the base line systolic blood pressure (mean dose of ephedrine 31.6 mg). Twenty-four patients (control group) received 20 mg of ephedrine as an intravenous bolus, and additional 10-mg increments, if necessary when systolic blood pressure decreased to 80% of the base line systolic blood pressure (mean dose of ephedrine 26.8 mg). In patients given the infusion, systolic blood pressure did not change significantly from the base line systolic blood pressure following spinal anesthesia (p greater than 0.1) and reactive hypertension did not occur. Nausea and/or vomiting occurred in nine women in the control group and one patient in the infusion group (p less than 0.01). Apgar scores, fetal blood gas tensions, and time for onset of respiration were comparable in the two groups. The results suggest that prophylactic ephedrine infusion is safe and desirable in healthy parturients undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. PMID- 7125250 TI - Morphine increases myocardial infarction size in rats. AB - Morphine anesthesia is often recommended in patients with reduced cardiac reserve. As the effect of morphine on the balance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand is not well understood, the effect of large doses of morphine (3 mg/kg, subcutaneously) on experimental myocardial infarction size in the rat was evaluated. Morphine was administered 10 minutes before thoracotomy and coronary artery ligation. Myocardial infarction size was assessed by histologic techniques 48 hours later. Rats given morphine developed significantly larger infarctions than did rats receiving an injection of saline (45.8% of left ventricular area versus 35.3%, p less than 0.05). The data indicate that morphine increase the area of myocardial ischemia when administered before coronary artery occlusion in rats. PMID- 7125251 TI - Alteration of renal hemodynamics by thiopental, diazepam, and ketamine in conscious dogs. AB - Renal hemodynamic changes associated with thiopental, diazepam, and ketamine were studied in conscious dogs after previous surgical placement of an aortic catheter and a Doppler ultrasonic flow probe on the left renal artery. Thiopental, 10 mg/kg, changed blood pressure minimally whereas 20 mg/kg significantly decreased blood pressure by 5% to 10%. Renal blood flow initially increased significantly, then returned to control levels after both doses. Renal resistance was not significantly altered by 10 mg/kg of thiopental whereas 20 mg/kg significantly reduced resistance by 10%. Diazepam, 1 and 2 mg/kg, caused transient increases in arterial pressure of approximately 10%. Renal blood flow significantly decreased 5% to 10% from control levels with both doses. Renal resistance did not change with the 1-mg/kg dose of diazepam, but 2 mg/kg of diazepam increased it by 8% to 12%. Ketamine, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg, elevated arterial pressure 20% to 40%. Renal blood flow increased significantly by 10% to 15% with both doses of ketamine. This effect lasted longer with the large dose. Renal resistance was significantly elevated by the 2.5-mg/kg dose of ketamine, whereas 5 mg/kg did not alter this variable. In conclusion, each of these drugs maintains renal blood flow reasonably well in an unanesthetized animal. However, ketamine appears to be more beneficial than thiopental, which in turn, is superior to diazepam in this regard. Little dose-response effect was evident for any of the drugs. Furthermore, it should be noted that changes in arterial pressure can be misleading when perfusion of this vascular bed is considered. PMID- 7125252 TI - Transcutaneous cranial electrical stimulation decreases narcotic requirements during neurolept anesthesia and operation in man. AB - The influence of transcutaneous cranial electrical stimulation (TCES) on fentanyl requirements was evaluated in 50 patients undergoing urologic operations with pure neuroleptanesthesia (droperidol, diazepam, fentanyl, and air oxygen) with (group I) or without (group II) simultaneous TCES. All patients had silver electrodes (three) applied between the eyebrows and behind each mastoid process and attached to a 167-kHz current generator. Current was delivered only to group I. The wave form was a complex nonsinusoidal, nonsquare wave pattern which was applied intermittently in a 3-msec-on 10-msec-off sequence. All patients had anesthesia induced with droperidol (0.20 mg/kg IV), diazepam (0.2 mg/kg IV), and pancuronium (0.08 mg/kg IV), and, after tracheal intubation, had anesthesia maintained with fentanyl in 100-microgram intravenous increments every 3 minutes whenever and as long as systolic arterial blood pressure and/or heart rate were greater than 20% of control (preanesthetic induction) values. Fentanyl requirements averaged 6.1 +/- 0.5 and 7.9 +/- 0.4 microgram/kg/min for a mean total dosage of 9.0 +/- 0.9 and 12.5 +/- 0.8 microgram/kg for the entire operation in groups I and II, respectively. These differences between groups were statistically significant (p less than 0.05). The data demonstrate that TCES augments the analgesic effects of fentanyl and thus reduces fentanyl requirements during urologic operations with neuroleptanesthesia. PMID- 7125253 TI - A gravity-driven continuous flush system for vascular catheters. PMID- 7125254 TI - Ketamine and myoclonic encephalopathy of infants (Kinsbourne syndrome). PMID- 7125256 TI - Somatosensory-evoked responses during carotid endarterectomy. PMID- 7125255 TI - Cannulation of the dorsal radial artery: a new technique. PMID- 7125257 TI - New adaptor for intravascular electrocardiogram. PMID- 7125258 TI - Plasma catecholamine levels. PMID- 7125259 TI - Dual-system hypothesis of pain perception: possible further evidence. PMID- 7125260 TI - Enflurane causes a prolonged and reversible increase in the rate of CSF production in the dog. AB - Using the open ventriculocisternal perfusion method, rates of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production and reabsorption by bulk flow were examined in dogs anesthetized with either enflurane (2.2%) in nitrogen (60-70%) and oxygen, or nitrous oxide (60-70%) and enflurane (less than 0.2%) in oxygen (controls). The mean rate of CSF production increased significantly with enflurane (2.2%), from 0.055 +/- 0.020 ml/min (mean +/- SD) in controls to 0.082 +/- 0.033 ml/min (n = 12). After this initial increase of approximately 50%, the production rate decreased significantly by about 7.4%/h. When the expired concentration of enflurane was decreased from 2.2% to less than 0.2%, the mean rate of CSF production decreased to control values at 45-50 min. An intracerebral accumulation of CSF resulting from this enflurane-induced increase in CSF production may contribute in part to increased intracranial pressure when the dura is intact. PMID- 7125261 TI - Edrophonium: duration of action and atropine requirement in humans during halothane anesthesia. AB - Edrophonium's onset and duration of antagonism (n = 26) and atropine requirement (n = 24) were determined under conditions of d-tubocurarine (dTc) neuromuscular blockade and halothane, nitrous oxide anesthesia. Results are compared with previous work in our laboratory on neostigmine and pyridostigmine under similar conditions. dTc was administered by continuous infusion to maintain a 90% depression of muscle twitch tension. Edrophonium (0.03-1.0 mg/kg) was injected as an iv bolus in combination with atropine (0.5 mg). dTc infusion was continued until a stable 90% depression of muscle twitch tension was reestablished. Time-to peak effect (onset of action), duration, and magnitude of antagonism were recorded. The atropine requirement was determined during spontaneous recovery from dTc (0.3 mg/kg) and stable halothane, nitrous oxide anesthesia. Edrophonium (0.5 mg/kg) was mixed with 7, 15, or 30 micrograms/kg of atropine and compared to neostigmine (0.043 mg/kg) and atropine (15 micrograms/kg). Blood pressure, heart rate, and rhythm were recorded for 60 min following edrophonium administration. The time-to-peak antagonism for edrophonium (0.8-2.0 min) was far more rapid than neostigmine (7-11 min) or pyridostigmine (12-16 min). The ED50 for edrophonium was 0.125 mg/kg, however, the dose-response curve was not parallel to those for neostigmine or pyridostigmine. In equiantagonistic doses, the duration of antagonism by edrophonium (66 min) did not differ from neostigmine (76 min), but was shorter than pyridostigmine. Edrophonium required one-half the amount of atropine as did neostigmine to prevent bradycardia. The authors concluded that edrophonium has a more rapid onset than neostigmine and an equivalent duration of antagonism, and requires less atropine to prevent bradycardia. PMID- 7125262 TI - Combined effects of sodium nitroprusside and propranolol on hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. AB - Recent clinical experience and previous experimental work indicate that propranolol may reverse sodium-nitroprusside-induced inhibition of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV). Accordingly, the authors decided to test this possibility in an experimental model that allows direct examination of pharmacologic influence on HPV. Six mongrel dogs were anesthetized with pentobarbital and intubated. Following a left thoracotomy, the left lower lobe (LLL) was ventilated independently but synchronously with the rest of the lung. Selective hypoxia of the LLL (95% nitrogen and 5% CO2) caused a 59 +/- 6% (mean +/- SE) decrease in the electromagnetically measured fraction of the cardiac output perfusing the LLL and a 287 +/- 65% increase in the pulmonary vascular resistance of the LLL from their respective prehypoxic values. Propranolol, 1 mg/kg intravenously, caused a 76 +/- 5% beta-blockade, as determined by an isoproterenol infusion test, but did not cause a significant change in the LLL HPV response. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) infusion, caused a 38 +/- 4% decrease in systemic arterial pressure, and nearly abolished LLL HPV. Most important, the addition of propranolol to sodium nitroprusside did not significantly change the SNP induced inhibition of LLL HPV. The authors conclude that in acute lung disease, propranolol does not alter lobar HPV and does not reverse sodium nitroprusside inhibition of lobar HPV. PMID- 7125263 TI - Continuous intravascular monitoring of epinephrine-induced changes in plasma potassium. AB - Ion-selective electrode catheters were used for continuous monitoring of epinephrine-induced changes in plasma potassium in different parts of the circulation of anesthetized greyhounds. Bolus injections and continuous infusions of epinephrine produced dose-related changes consisting of an initial transient increase followed by a decrease to levels below control. The latter part of the response was relatively short-lived in the case of bolus injections, but when the epinephrine was administered by continuous infusion, a progressive fall was maintained for the duration of the infusion. During the period when potassium levels were undergoing an acute change, marked differences were seen between concentrations in different parts of the circulation. Further studies are needed to delineate the incidence and extent of similar changes in humans, and their significance in producing dangerous dysrhythmias. PMID- 7125265 TI - Potentiation by thiopental of halothane--epinephrine-induced arrhythmias in dogs. AB - Epinephrine-induced arrhythmias were studied in 14 dogs (Group 1) anesthetized with halothane alone (1.09% end-tidal), and on another occasion, at the same halothane concentration following intravenous thiopental (20 mg/kg). Surface (Lead II), catheter His bundle and high right atrial electrocardiograms, and airway and femoral arterial pressures were recorded. Graded doses of epinephrine (EPI-least dose 0.25 microgram . kg-1 . min-1) were infused over five minutes, but terminated sooner if ventricular tachycardia occurred (maximal sensitization). Sensitizing EPI doses (microgram . kg-1) were calculated (dose X time to arrhythmia) for: Shift in or wandering atrial pacemaker (SAP-WAP), atrial ectopy (At Ect), A-V dissociation (AVD), and ventricular ectopy, bigeminy, or tachycardia (V Ect, V Bigem, V Tach). With halothane alone, SAP-WAP occurred at the least dose of EPI followed by At Ect, AVD, V Ect, V Bigem, and V Tach in order of increasing EPI dose. Following thiopental, EPI doses for AVD, V Ect, V Bigem, and V Tach were reduced, as well as EPI dose differences for At Ect, AVD, V Ect, and V Bigem. In an additional seven dogs (Group 2), anesthesia was induced with thiopental (20 mg/kg) followed by halothane (1.09% end-tidal). These animals were observed for arrhythmias during graded EPI infusions at 1-2 h and 3-4 h following thiopental. Sensitizing EPI doses for SAP-WAP and V Tach were similar at each time period. The authors concluded that with halothane and increasing EPI dose, sensitization constitutes a spectrum of arrhythmias, beginning with atrial and progressing to severe ventricular arrhythmias. Thiopental reduces the EPI dose needed for AVD and ventricular, but not atrial, arrhythmias. It also reduces the EPI dose discrepancies for atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. PMID- 7125264 TI - Comparative evaluation of intravenous agents for rapid sequence induction- thiopental, ketamine, and midazolam. AB - The pharmacologic effects of ketamine, midazolam, and a midazolam-ketamine combination were compared with thiopental for rapid induction of general anesthesia. Thiopental, 4 mg/kg, 1.5 mg/kg ketamine, 0.3 mg/kg midazolam, or 0.15 mg/kg midazolam, and 0.75 mg/kg ketamine, were administered intravenously in a randomized fashion to 80 patients undergoing emergency surgery. Adequacy of induction, hemodynamic changes, and postoperative effects were assessed during and after a standardized induction-maintenance anesthetic technique. Midazolam had the slowest onset (15-60 s) and longest duration of action. During induction, thiopental decreased mean arterial pressure (MAP) by 11%, ketamine increased MAP by 10%, while neither midazolam nor the midazolam-ketamine combination significantly changed MAP. Heart rate (HR) increased during induction in all groups; however, the increase was significantly less in the combination group. After intubation, MAP and HR increased to the same extent in all four groups. Significantly more patients who received ketamine for induction were disoriented during emergence. Midazolam most effectively produced anxiolysis and antegrade amnesia. Significantly more patients who received thiopental felt depressed postoperatively, and 95% required parenteral opiate analgesics in the recovery room. Dreaming was highest after ketamine (55%) and lowest after midazolam (0%) and the combination (5%). Thus, midazolam effectively attenuated both the cardiostimulatory responses and unpleasant emergence reactions associated with ketamine. The author concludes that both midazolam and the midazolam-ketamine combination are safe and effective induction agents for emergency surgery, which may offer an advantage over thiopental in situations where hemodynamic stability is crucial. Furthermore, midazolam effectively attenuates the side effects of ketamine. PMID- 7125266 TI - Chronotropic effects of succinylcholine and succinylmonocholine on the sinoatrial node. AB - The mechanism of bradycardia caused by the administration of succinylcholine has not been fully elucidated. Accordingly, the effects of succinylcholine and succinylmonocholine on the sinoatrial node were studied in 35 mongrel dogs. The sinus node artery was selectively perfused with autologous blood from a femoral artery at a constant pressure of 100 mmHg, and 30 to 1,000 micrograms of succinylcholine or succinylmonocholine was administered directly into the artery. Succinylcholine caused a transient (63-600 s) dose-related positive chronotropic effect. The heart rate was increased to 14.4 +/- 2.1% (mean +/- SE) above the control value after the administration of 1,000 micrograms of succinylcholine. This positive chronotropic effect was inhibited by pretreatment with pindolol or reserpine. By contrast, succinylmonocholine produced a transient (30-248 s) dose related negative chronotropic effect. The heart rate was decreased to 17.5 +/- 1.4% below the control value after administration of 1,000 micrograms of succinylmonocholine. The negative chronotropic effect was blocked partially by atropine. It was concluded that the positive chronotropic effect of succinylcholine may be mediated through beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation by catecholamine released from the adrenergic nerve endings in the sinoatrial node, and that the negative chronotropic effect of succinylmonocholine may be the result of excitation of cholinergic receptors in the sinus node. However, a direct effect of succinylmonocholine on the sinus node could not be ruled out. PMID- 7125267 TI - A noninvasive in vivo method of assessing the kinetics of halothane metabolism in humans. AB - The authors describe a noninvasive method of estimating the kinetic constants that characterize metabolism of inhaled anesthetics in humans. Ten healthy male volunteers breathed subanesthetic concentrations of halothane and isoflurane in a fixed inspired ratio of 20:1. Isoflurane served as a marker that identified changes in uptake in nonmetabolizing depots. Each study progressed through nine 30-min levels (numbered 0-8). At each level, inspired concentrations of both halothane and isoflurane were doubled, and alveolar concentrations and uptakes were determined. Clearance (uptake/alveolar concentration) of isoflurane remained constant over a range of concentrations of 0.00006 to 0.008%. In contrast, clearance of halothane decreased as the alveolar concentration increased from 0.0007 to 0.13%. On this basis, the authors assumed that the clearance of halothane was a combination of linear clearance to depots and saturable metabolism, the former proportional to the clearance of isoflurane, and the latter attributable to a Michaelis-Menten process. Applying such a model to halothane, they estimated the mean (+/- SE) Vmax (the composite maximum rate of metabolism) to be 0.79 +/- 0.09 ml . min-1 . individual-1, and the Km (the composite concentration at which half-saturation of enzymes occurs) to be 0.029 +/- 0.003%. This model provides a significantly better data fit than that provided by two simpler submodels, one of which assumes that all clearance is linear, and the other of which allows a part of clearance to be saturable but ignores the isoflurane marker data. The value of 0.029% for Km indicates that a wide range of clinical anesthetic concentrations will produce similar rates of metabolism; that metabolism will proceed at near maximum rates during the first several minutes of recovery; and that most metabolism probably occurs after, rather than during, anesthesia. PMID- 7125268 TI - Hypnotic effect of thiopental-lidocaine combination in the rat. PMID- 7125269 TI - Intraoperative loss of somatosensory-evoked potentials predicts loss of spinal cord function. PMID- 7125270 TI - Endotracheal balloon cuff dilatation of tracheostomal stenosis. PMID- 7125271 TI - Tympanic membrane rupture after anesthesia with nitrous oxide. PMID- 7125272 TI - Direction of the needle bevel and epidural anesthetic spread. PMID- 7125273 TI - An unusual occurrence of total anesthesia machine failure during administration of an anesthetic. PMID- 7125274 TI - A simple device for the identification of the epidural space. PMID- 7125275 TI - Visual disturbances: an unusual symptom of transurethral prostatic resection reaction. PMID- 7125276 TI - A Swan-Ganz catheter related complication in a patient with Eisenmenger's syndrome. PMID- 7125277 TI - Air embolism in children undergoing suboccipital craniotomy. PMID- 7125279 TI - Use of charcoal to rapidly decrease depth of anesthesia while maintaining a closed circuit. PMID- 7125278 TI - Does lidocaine-prilocaine cream permit painfree insertion of IV catheters in children? PMID- 7125280 TI - Anesthetic machine explosion. PMID- 7125281 TI - Cannulation of the internal jugular vein: another cautionary note. PMID- 7125282 TI - An improved technique for celiac plexus block may be more theoretical than real. PMID- 7125283 TI - Preventing air embolism while inserting central catheters. PMID- 7125284 TI - [Head lice problems. I. Taxonomic position of Pediculus capitis]. AB - The recognition of the head louse and the body louse being two different species is not quite new. This view is also supported by the author as can be seen in several publications. It is based on the biological species concept of the so called new systematics. But even quite a few contributors doing research in the field of lice still ignore this concept. Therefore, the author emphasizes all "biological" species criteria referring to modern epidemiological research done in the last decades. Considering all these facts and contemporary evolutionary theory the author concludes that the two forms should be recognized as good species. The different subspecies of the head louse described as such are listed. PMID- 7125285 TI - Host susceptibility experiments on a new fish trypanosome in India. PMID- 7125287 TI - [Taxonomic position of Serrasentoides fistulariae Paruchin, 1971 (Acanthocephala)]. AB - The systematic position of the acanthocephalan Serrasentoides fistulariae PARUCHIN, 1971, a genus and species previously described from the fish Fistularia petimba from the Indian Ocean was examined. Based on data on the Acanthocephala as given in modern monographs the family Rhadinorhynchidae TRAVASSOS, 1923 was revised suggesting a new subfamily, Serrasentoidinae nov. subfam. An analysis of the new subfamily as well as a key for the determination of the 4 subfamilies belonging to the family Rhadinorhynchidae are given. PMID- 7125286 TI - [Effect of proteolysis inhibitors from Ascaris lumbricoides on the coagulation and fibrinolysis of human plasma]. AB - By means of the method of ROLA & PUDLES modified by the authors the effect of trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors isolated from body walls of Ascaris lumbricoides on coagulation and fibrinolysis of human plasma in vitro was studied. The effect of both Ascaris inhibitors on coagulation phases I and II, the inhibition of thromboplastin and thrombin generations (thromboelastography, prothrombin and thrombin times) and the fibrinogenesis retardation of human plasma (time of lysis of euglobulin clot, time of clot fibrinolysis activated by streptokinase) were found. "The stairs phenomenon" was observed on thromboelastographic curves. The plasmin activity in an active form as well as its formation from plasminogen by streptokinase activation were reduced by chymotrypsin and trypsin Ascaris inhibitors alike. PMID- 7125288 TI - [Significance of the Musca domestica predator, Ophyra aenescens (Diptera: Muscidae). II. Morphology of the developmental stages]. PMID- 7125289 TI - Vagina of Lipeurus lawrensis tropicalis, an ischnoceran Phthiraptera. AB - The vagina in poultry lice, Lipeurus lawrensis tropicalis PETERS, is a simple cup shaped structure but is complex in its internal organization. It is divisible into anterior, central and posterior part. The anterior tubular part is deeply sunk into the posterior cup-shaped one due to the invagination of the central part. The space thus formed probably serves as sperm storage, as the spermatheca is absent. PMID- 7125290 TI - [Technic for the collection of Mallophaga from live birds]. AB - The author describes his technique of collecting Mallophaga on live birds (chiefly Passeres, size like sparrow or blackbird). The description comprises the collecting of Mallophaga and the thorough examination of the Mallophaga infestation typical of the host. By these examinations valuable information about biology and ecology of the biting lice species can be obtained. The examinations can be combined with the ringing of the birds. Whereas Ischnocera of one host usually allow qualitative and quantitative determination, Amblycera (with the exception of Ricinus) do not always. Considering the ectoparasitocoenosis and the condition of the bird the examination data are recorded on the spot. The material collected (e.g. the nits, too) has to be preserved in dry state. PMID- 7125291 TI - The orthogonal Frank electrocardiogram in 70 well-trained athletes. AB - Interpretation of the vectorcardiogram in athletes requires normal values based on quantitatively analyzed data obtained in large groups of athletes. Frank electrocardiograms of extensively trained white athletes aged 23 +/- 5 years were analyzed by computer. Different sport disciplines were included. Tables are provided describing the results for the complete group of 70 athletes (A), respectively indicating the difference between 27 footballers (F) and 16 endurance athletes (E). A critical comparison with two control groups is also discussed, as for other purposes, vectorcardiograms had been collected in healthy non-trained young men, respectively 68 medical students (MS) and 63 nurse students (NS). The following figures may serve as an example to illustrate the difficulty of constituting and using similar normal limits in athletes: mean QRS spatial maximal amplitude (mV.) was respectively 1.82 (MS), 2.03 (NS), 2.17 (A), 1.97 (E), 2.29 (F). It can often be hazardous to attribute certain deviations of electrocardiological measurements to training effects in the athlete. PMID- 7125292 TI - Gray hair in black males a possible risk factor in coronary artery disease. AB - Premature gray hair has been reported to be associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) in white males. Premature gray hair also occurs in black males despite a reported lower incidence of coronary artery disease in this group. In order to determine if premature gray hair is associated with coronary artery disease in a black male population, we prospectively studied 120 patients. Forty black males with proven CAD had gray hair in 100 percent of the cases as compared to 55 percent in a control series of 80 black males. The appearance of gray hair occurred at an earlier age in the black patients with CAD. The interrelating mechanism between premature gray hair and CAD in black males is not clearly understood at this time, but we think it represents a clinically significant observation. PMID- 7125293 TI - The rate pressure product: fact of fallacy? AB - The product of heart rate and blood pressure, (HR x BP), index of the myocardial oxygen consumption, was evaluated on 37 individuals with ages of between 32 and 65 years; 24 had ischemic heart disease with a disease of 1, 2 or 3 vessels, and 13 had non-significant lesions of 1 vessel (less than 75%) or no coronary heart disease (CHD). From the HR x BP correlation with the study of the angiograms of the coronary arteries, we verified that there was no distinction between patients. with CHD with or without an ejection fraction less than 50% or, with or without disturbances of myocardial contractility, and normal individuals. Thus, we believe that in patients with CHD, an excessive increase in the oxygen requirements of the myocardium is not the sole pathogenic mechanism of ischemia. PMID- 7125295 TI - The plasma lipoproteins. PMID- 7125294 TI - Traumatic rupture of the ascending aorta: a case report. AB - A patient with a rupture of the ascending aorta after a non-penetrating chest trauma is presented. The aortic tear, angiographically demonstrated, was situated just above the left coronary ostium. Only three examples of angiographically established cases of rupture of the ascending aorta were found in the literature. The point that the distal tip of the catheter should be placed proximally in the ascending aorta, is emphasized After operation the patient went well. PMID- 7125296 TI - The mechanism of action of lipid-lowering drugs. AB - In conclusion, many drugs have been used as lipid lowering agents. Only five currently combine efficacy and acceptable side effects. None of these, nicotinic acid, clofibrate, probucol, cholestyramine or colestipol, is without serious drawbacks. In using lipid lowering drugs, it is important to bear in mind the following. First, no patient should be committed to an indefinite period of drug therapy without an adequate trial of diet therapy. For overweight patients, caloric restriction and weight reduction should always be therapeutic goals. Second, as our understanding of lipoprotein metabolism increases, evaluation of new drugs must include not only their effects on triglyceride but also on lipoprotein and apoprotein levels. Third, our drug armamentarium is currently quite limited and there is a pressing need for the development of new, safe and effective hypolipidemic agents. PMID- 7125297 TI - Idiopathic prominence of pulmonary veins on chest x-ray. PMID- 7125298 TI - Pharmacologic effects of a nitrate coronary vasodilator on cardiac perfusion and function, measured semiquantitatively. AB - Peritrate (pentaerythritol tetranitrate), a nitrate coronary vasodilator, was capable of significantly increasing perfusion and function in ischemic heart muscle. The A2 image-processing computer with software developed by Burow was used to evaluate regional perfusion and segmental wall motion in six patients with ischemic areas in the myocardium. These image-processing techniques were satisfactory for evaluation of ischemic heart muscle. PMID- 7125299 TI - Electrophoretic types of leucine aminopeptidase in sheep serum. AB - Leucine aminopeptidase in sheep serum was studied by starch gel electrophoresis. Two phenotypes, A and B, were observed, of which the former was present in 70-90% of all the sheep examined. These two phenotypes have been shown to be controlled by a single autosomal locus, with two alleles LapA and LapB. The LapA allele is dominant. The frequencies of Lap phenotypes and alleles were determined in eleven Spanish and two foreign breeds. Serum alkaline phosphatase and serum leucine aminopeptidase are electrophoretically distinct. PMID- 7125300 TI - Thermostability of sheep haemoglobins. PMID- 7125301 TI - A comparison of the fastest-moving transferrin variants of the pig. PMID- 7125302 TI - TfI transferrin variant in domestic pig. PMID- 7125303 TI - GLO-I studies on cattle and pig breeds in Austria. PMID- 7125304 TI - A new Kd subgroup designated Kg in the porcine K blood group system. AB - The K system in pigs included at least 6 internationally recognized blood group factors (Ka, Kb, Kc, Kd, Ke and Kf) controlled by the following alleles: Kacef, Kacf, Kade, Kae, Kbf and K- (Andresen, 1963; Brucks 1967, Hojny et al. 1967, Saison 1967, Hojny, Hradecky & Pazdera, 1979). This paper describes the results obtained with a new antiserum, Kg, by which subgrouping of the Kade allele into Kade or Kadeg is possible. PMID- 7125305 TI - Rhinometry: measurement of nasal patency. AB - Airflow through the nose is a complex function since the nose is a tortuous series of channels. Mathematicians can only guess at formulas which would explain the intricacies of the nasal passages and flow of air through them. For practical purposes a "black box technique" may be used in which input and output are measured at either end of the black box (the nose). A very useful and accurate measure of nasal patency is obtained from these measurements. Rhinometry has been limited in research environment but is now feasible for clinical practice. With the advent of simpler techniques and improved instruments any physician can be trained to do rhinometry. PMID- 7125306 TI - Comparison of the bronchodilator effect of oral fenoterol and ephedrine in asthmatic children. AB - Sixteen children with asthma took part in a double-blind, crossover comparison study of single doses of fenoterol (2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 mg), ephedrine (24 mg) and placebo. Spirometry was performed before drug administration and then hourly for six hours thereafter. Mean values were plotted for six hours after dur administration. All active drugs were superior to placebo. The greatest differences were in FEF25-75 spirometry levels although the differences for FEV1 did reach statistical significance. The 7.5 mg dose of fenoterol was superior to all other active drug categories. Although effects of tremor and nausea were minimal, significant tachycardia and palpitations were noted with the 5.0 mg and 7.5 mg doses of fenoterol. PMID- 7125307 TI - Fungal spores in house dust. PMID- 7125308 TI - Clinical aspects of respiratory tract allergic diseases in Jamaica, West Indies. AB - Little information exists on allergy in the West Indies. 512 patients with allergic asthma, sinusitis and/or hay fever were seen in Jamaica over a five year period. A review of their charts revealed that these illnesses were usually perennial and immunotherapy was only effective if given in very dilute dosages (w/v 1:1,000,000). PMID- 7125309 TI - On competition, apathy, politics and thou. PMID- 7125310 TI - Caesar's wife. PMID- 7125311 TI - Societe Francaise de Biologie Clinique. Enzymology Commission. Recommendations. PMID- 7125313 TI - Succinylcholine for endotracheal intubation. AB - In the emergency department at Hennepin County Medical Center, succinylcholine has been used to assist difficult intubations since March 1, 1979. In this report, the first 48 cases are reviewed. In these 48 patients, complete relaxation allowing endotracheal intubation was achieved in 42. Forty of the 42 patients intubated suffered no adverse effects. One patient vomited, delaying intubation, and another developed transient asystole. Six of 48 patients were not successfully intubated after succinylcholine; five of these six subsequently required cricothyrotomy. Inadequate dose, improper technique of administration, foreign material obscuring airway, and idiosyncratic reactions were thought to be reasons for failure. When properly administered, succinylcholine can be used to facilitate difficult intubations in the emergency department with an acceptable incidence of adverse effects or failures. PMID- 7125312 TI - Transcutaneous oxymetry measurements during acute blood loss. AB - Transcutaneous PO2 (TcPO2) was measured in healthy adult blood donors to test the sensitivity of this method as a noninvasive means of diagnosing occult blood loss. TcPO2, the energy required to heat the electrode (MW), and postural changes in blood pressure and pulse, were measured before and after a 450-ml blood donation. There was a significant increase (P less than .005) in postural pulse of 4.8/min, but no significant change (P greater than .05) in postural blood pressure. There was no significant change (P greater than .05) in TcPO2, but there was a significant decrease (P less than .001) in MW. These MW changes probably reflect physiologic changes associated with blood loss. PMID- 7125314 TI - Radiation exposure of emergency physicians. AB - Radiation exposure was prospectively measured using film dosimeters worn at the lapel and dominant wrist for up to three two-month intervals in 18 emergency physicians and residents, and was compared to that received by 18 radiology technicians and 18 first-year house staff during similar periods. While all levels were well below maximum permissible doses for occupational exposure, the mean lapel exposures for a two-month period were 14 mrem for the emergency physicians, 26 mrem for radiology technicians, and 7 mrem for the house staff. The difference between the latter two was statistically significant. At the wrist, emergency physicians had a mean of 43 mrem; radiology technicians, 25 mrem; and house staff, 5 mrem. The difference between the first and third groups was statistically significant. No correlation between number of exposures and exposure levels could be detected because of variation in use of protective garments, distance from the beam, and type of exposure. Procedures requiring personnel exposure include those of small children, stress views of the extremities, and studies in the multiply traumatized patient. PMID- 7125315 TI - Endotracheal administration of atropine sulfate. AB - Atropine sulfate was successfully administered endotracheally to a 74-year-old patient suffering profound bradycardic cardiovascular collapse. Ninety seconds following endotracheal atropine administration, normal blood pressure and pulse were established. Therapeutic blood levels of atropine were documented following endotracheal administration. The endotracheal route for atropine administration appears to provide an effective alternative route of administration when intravenous access is difficult or impossible to establish rapidly. PMID- 7125316 TI - Retropharyngeal abscess. AB - Two cases of retropharyngeal abscess are presented. The first case, that of a 4 year-old boy, was classical, diagnosed early, and treated with prompt incision and drainage. The second case was that of a 51-year-old man who developed complete upper airway obstruction, pneumothorax, and congestive heart failure prior to surgical drainage. These cases are presented to remind emergency physicians of this formidable entity and of the need for constant vigil in the management of this life-threatening pre-antibiotic relic. PMID- 7125317 TI - Inhalation of liquid nitrogen vapor. AB - A case of accidental inhalation of liquid nitrogen vapor is reported. The patient, a 29-year-old man, developed acute burns of his lips and oropharynx and presented with signs and symptoms of acute upper airway distress within an hour of the injury. The patient underwent emergency tracheostomy and was placed on intravenous dexamethasone and ampicillin. Large mucosal ulcers developed in the posterior hypopharynx and hard palate but the patient was discharged four days post operatively and had no permanent sequelae. PMID- 7125318 TI - Diagnosis of ruptured ectopic pregnancy with peritoneal lavage. AB - A case of ruptured ectopic pregnancy with a nondiagnostic culdocentesis is presented. Diagnosis was made by using open diagnostic peritoneal lavage. The patient underwent laparotomy, left salpingectomy, and cornual resection, and had no postoperative complications. In selected patients with suspected ectopic pregnancy, peritoneal lavage may serve as a helpful diagnostic procedure. PMID- 7125319 TI - Acute care of avulsed teeth. AB - Anterior teeth that are completely avulsed from traumatic injury should be replanted as soon as possible. Care should be exercised to prevent dehydration of the tooth. The avulsed tooth should be stabilized until the patient can be seen by the dentist. The long-term prognosis favors the benefit of retaining a natural tooth, even though some resorption of the root surface occurs with almost all replantations. Immature permanent teeth offer the best prognosis for healing. PMID- 7125320 TI - Development and direction of the American Board of Emergency Medicine. PMID- 7125322 TI - New breed to old boy. PMID- 7125321 TI - Accidental death and disability: the neglected disease of modern society--where is the fifth component? PMID- 7125323 TI - Spontaneous reduction of subluxation of C-2 on C-3. PMID- 7125324 TI - The electric curling iron: a new source of eye injury. PMID- 7125325 TI - Orthostatic tachycardia and ectopic pregnancy: normal pulse rate in the presence of massive hemorrhage. PMID- 7125326 TI - Use of calcium in brady-asystolic arrest. PMID- 7125327 TI - Graduate education in emergency medicine: duration of training. PMID- 7125328 TI - The etiology of alcoholism: a prospective viewpoint. PMID- 7125329 TI - Psychotherapy outcome. Smith and Glass' conclusions stand up under scrutiny. PMID- 7125330 TI - The lung speaks out. PMID- 7125331 TI - Mechanism of production of crackles after atelectasis during low-volume breathing. AB - We compared the effects of shallow breathing of air (LVB-air) and oxygen (LVB-O2) at low lung volumes (below closing capacity) and tidal breathing at FRC (FRC-air, FRC-O2) on the production of crackles in 5 normal volunteers. Two microphones were attached on the right posterior chest wall in the midclavicular line 10 and 20 cm from the apex of the right lung, respectively (M10 and M20), to record crackles during various breathing maneuvers. We found that after LVB-air and LVB O2, there were changes in residual volume as measured by the body plethysmograph. Both inspiratory and expiratory limbs of the quasi-static pressure volume curve were shifted to the right. Occasionally, some subjects coughed after LVB-air and/or LVB-O2. Inspiratory crackles occurred mostly at the upper third of vital capacity (VC) after LVB-air and LVB-O2 and were confined almost exclusively to the dependent lung zones (M20). The inspiratory transpulmonary pressure at 25% (PL25) and 50% (PL50) of VC correlated with the volume of trapped gas that was absorbed (delta Vtg) (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.001, respectively). The quantity of crackles correlated with delta Vtg (p less than 0.01). We conclude that during low lung volume breathing airways in the dependent lung regions are closed. There is absorption of trapped oxygen which causes reversible atelectasis. Upon reinflation, inspired air will go to the lung regions with open airways first and subsequently to the closed dependent regions, producing crackles recorded by the M20 microphone at the upper third of VC. The crackles are produced by inflation of atelectatic lung. PMID- 7125332 TI - Sleep, arousals, and oxygen desaturation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The effect of oxygen therapy. AB - In order to assess the role of hypoxemia in the sleep disruption of patients with COPD, we studied patients breathing air and oxygen during sleep. In 24 patients with COPD, we determined the 95% confidence bands for arterial O2 saturation (SaO2) in the various sleep stages. The lowest mean SaO2 was during REM sleep. Patients spent 22.4% of the night desaturated (SaO2 more than 5% below awake SaO2). Apneic episodes were uncommon and occurred in only 2 patients. When compared with established age-matched normal subjects from another center, poor sleep quality was indicated by reduced sleep time, increased sleep stage changes, and increased arousal frequency. Oxygen therapy had no apparent effect on sleep quality. Arousal frequency was independent of measurements of awake pulmonary function or chemical control of breathing. During room air breathing, arousals were strongly associated with periods of arterial oxygen desaturation. However, relief of the hypoxemia with supplemental oxygen had no effect on arousal frequency. This suggests that it is not hypoxemia per se, but an associated phenomenon such as hypercapnia that causes the arousals. PMID- 7125333 TI - Measurement of human nasal ventilation using an oxygen cannula as a pitot tube. AB - A pressure transducer connected to a nasal oxygen cannula detects fluctuations of about 0.1 kPa (1 cm H2O) during nose breathing because the prongs act as two one sided pitot tubes in parallel. We describe a digital technique for converting this signal to flow and volume records without encumbering the head except during calibration. The signal could be calibrated or validated using flow measured with a face mask by intubation of the nostrils or using a respiratory inductive plethysmograph. In many subjects, the calibration gave satisfactory results for as long as 30 min, but in some, more frequent checks were needed. Changes in the relative airflow in the two nostrils may upset the results, but this can be corrected by recording and calibrating the pressure from each side separately. The meaurements can be made at high ventilation rates of when oxygen is flowing along the cannula or when gas is being sucked out for analysis. PMID- 7125334 TI - Slow-reacting substances, leukotrienes C4 and D4, increase the release of mucus from human airways in vitro. AB - Allergic pulmonary reactions in vivo lead to airway constriction and mucous secretion, whereas in vitro lung anaphylaxis lead to mediator release and increased mucous glycoprotein secretion from cultured human airways. Using quantitation of radiolabeled mucous glycoprotein from cultured airways as a model for mucous release, the effects of two leukotrienes, LTC4 and LTD4, were assessed. BOth biosynthetic and synthetic LTC4 and LTD4 produced dose-related increases in mucous production at concentrations of 1 to 1,000 units/ml (20 to 20,000 pg [LTD4] and 24 to 24,000 pg [LTC4]/ml). These enhancing actions were seen in 11 of 11 lung cultures, and were significantly prevented by the specific SRS-A antagonist FPL 55712. Therefore, LTC4 and LTD4, two major components of the allergic mediator SRS-A, are potent mucous secretagogues and may possibly contribute to the mucous secretion observed during allergic reactions in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 7125335 TI - Effect of aging on the perception of resistive ventilatory loads. AB - We have shown previously, using the technique of magnitude estimation, that the change in sensation level for a given change in elastic loading is less in elderly than in young subjects. In the present study, we used the same technique to compare the perception of added inspiratory and expiratory resistive loads in 40 young (18 to 30 yr of age) and 19 elderly (60 yr of age and older) subjects. Two different ranges of loads were studied and the relation between load magnitude and sensation intensity (the exponent for magnitude estimation) was determined. The study showed that the exponent for both inspiratory and expiratory loads is less in the older group. Because peak airway pressure and the inspiratory and expiratory times while breathing against the added loads were the same in both age groups, the difference in exponents in the two groups was not caused by differences in the forces generated during breathing. Age-related changes in sensory perception may affect behavioral responses to impaired respiratory mechanics. PMID- 7125336 TI - Naloxone does not affect bronchoconstriction induced by isocapnic hyperpnea of subfreezing air. AB - Although respiratory heat loss with cooling of the tracheobronchial mucosa is responsible for the airway obstruction that develops after inhalation of subfreezing air in asthmatics, the mechanism by which airway cooling results in bronchoconstriction is not known. In order to test whether release of endogenous opiate peptides might play a role in mediating this response, asthmatic subjects were studied before and after isocapnic hyperventilation of subfreezing air after the administration of placebo or naloxone, given in a double-blind fashion. Five asthmatic subjects were tested with low-dose (0.8 mg) and 5 with high-dose (10 mg) naloxone given intravenously. Pretreatment with naloxone at either dose did not attenuate the decrease in FVC, FEV1, or FEF25--75 after cold air in comparison with placebo pretreatment. A slightly greater decrease in FEV1 and FEF25--75 after low-dose naloxone than placebo pretreatment can be partially explained by a difference in the temperature achieved during cold air inhalation. We conclude that endogenous opiate peptides are not involved in mediating the bronchoconstrictor response to cold air inhalation in asthmatics. PMID- 7125337 TI - Behavior of the pulmonary circulation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension at an attitude of 2,240 meters. AB - The hemodynamics of the pulmonary circulation were examined in 28 patients with severe and stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who were born and raised at high altitude (2,240 meters) (COPD-A). All patients had mean pulmonary pressures (PAP) greater than 16 mmHg. We observed: (1) a low correlation between pulmonary arterial diastolic pressure (PAd) and arterial oxygen saturation (r = 0.38, p less than 0.05); (2) similar PAP in patients with COPD living at sea level (COPD-S) and patients with COPD-A (COPD-S, 32 +/- 7 mmHg; COPD-A, 27.5 +/- 11 mmHg; p = NS), despite more unsaturation in patients with COPD-A (COPD-S, 84.6 +/- 6%; COPD-A, 77.5 +/- 9%; p less than 0.05) and similar arterial pH; (3) lower levels of PAP in COPD-A (COPD-S, 51.7 +/- 10 mmHg; COPD-A, 33.6 +/- 12 mmHg; p less than 0.001) for the same degree of unsaturation (COPD-S, 71 +/- 6%; COPD-A, 71 +/- 8%; p = NS) and a lower arterial pH in COPD-S (COPD-S, 7.34 +/- 0.03; COPD A, 7.39 +/- 0.04; p less than 0.01). We conclude that pulmonary hypertension caused by chronic alveolar hypoxia is present in COPD-A, but it seems to be decreased when compared with that observed in COPD-S. PMID- 7125338 TI - Reassessment of body plethysmographic technique for the measurement of thoracic gas volume in asthmatics. AB - We measured thoracic gas volume (Vtg) by the body plethysmographic technique in 4 normal subjects and in 9 asthmatics during remission and after bronchoconstriction induced with inhaled aerosolized histamine. Changes in both mouth (Pm) and esophageal pressure (Pes) were used to approximate changes in alveolar pressure (Palv), and both Vtg(m) and Vtg)(es) were computed. Because small changes in lung recoil occur during panting, delta Pes exceeds delta Pm, leading to a value of Vtg(m) that is slightly greater than Vtg(es). Indeed, in the normal subjects, Vtg(m) was significantly greater than Vtg(es), and the observed percentage error (E) between them (2.8%) corresponded with the expected value. In the asthmatics, during marked bronchoconstriction, there was an increased tendency for Vtg(m) to exceed Vtg(es), E averaging 12.2% and being greater than the predicted error. In some asthmatics, changes in volume led changes in Pm; the phase angle between volume and Pm averaged 6.3 degrees and was significantly greater than that between volume and Pes (1.7 degrees). In 3 asthmatics, increases in TLC(m) were not accompanied by similar changes in TLC(es). Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that when a compliant upper airway is coupled with a high airway resistance during panting against an occluded airway, transmission of changes in alveolar pressure to the mouth is incomplete. The resulting underestimation of delta Palv by delta Pm leads to artifactual increases in TLC. PMID- 7125340 TI - Hypoxic ventilatory response during sleep in normal premenopausal women. AB - Sleep apnea syndromes and nonapneic arterial oxygen desaturation during sleep are reported more commonly in men than in women. Because men have recently been shown to have a considerably reduced hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) during sleep, we questioned if this finding would apply to women as well. Accordingly, we measured isocapnic hypoxic responsiveness in 6 normal women during wakefulness and all stages of sleep during both follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. During non-REM sleep, women were found to maintain their waking levels of HVR, measured as the slope of the relationship between ventilation and decreasing hemoglobin saturation. Hypoxic ventilatory response fell to 70% of the awake value during REM sleep, which was a significant change (p less than 0.05). Although HVR tended to be greater in the luteal than in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, both awake and asleep, this was significant only in Stage 2 sleep (p less than 0.05). When compared with recently reported men studied in this laboratory, these women demonstrated significantly less awake HVR even when corrected for body surface area (p less than 0.05). During sleep men and women had similar hypoxic responses, although this represents a considerable decrement in the awake response in the men and little change in the women. How these findings relate to the observed sexual differences in "sleep disordered breathing" is speculative. PMID- 7125341 TI - Essential fatty acid deficiency in the rabbit as a model of nutritional impairment in cystic fibrosis. In vitro and in vivo effects on lung defense mechanisms. PMID- 7125339 TI - Correlation of regional breath sound with regional ventilation in emphysema. AB - We measured regional breath sound intensities (Ib) by a microphone amplifier system in 8 subjects with emphysema. We also measured regional white noise transmissions (Tn) from the same areas in all subjects. The recorded areas were 5, 10, 15, and 20 cm from the apex of the lung just lateral to the right anterior midclavicular line. Xenon ventilation indexes (xenon tidal raw counts, an index of total regional ventilation; xenon equilibration raw counts, an index of ventilating lung volume; xenon ventilation per unit volume (Vr), an index of ventilation per unit volume) were also recorded from the same areas. The Ib, Tn, Ib/Tn (an index of sound generation), and xenon ventilation indexes were all expressed as a fraction of the mean value of all four recorded areas. The Ib and Ib/Tn correlated best with the xenon tidal raw counts, correlated well with the xenon equilibration raw counts, and correlated poorly with Vr. We conclude that Ib and Ib/Tn can be used to quantify regional ventilation in subjects with emphysema. PMID- 7125342 TI - Pulmonary platelet deposition accompanying acute oleic-acid-induced pulmonary injury. PMID- 7125343 TI - Parasitic pulmonary disease. PMID- 7125345 TI - The association of pleural mesothelioma and tuberculosis. PMID- 7125344 TI - Symptomatic pectus deformities of the chest. AB - Aspects of pulmonary mechanics and exercise tolerance were investigated in 8 young male patients with pectus deformities, 5 of whom presented with the chief complaint of exercise limitation. Results of pulmonary mechanics studies did not adequately explain patient symptoms. Lung volumes were only mildly reduced. There was no evidence of airway obstruction. Measures of lung compliance were normal in 6 patients studied. Results of exercise studies did reveal significant abnormalities in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients; tidal volume at maximal effort expressed as a percentage of vital capacity was diminished, suggesting restriction of ventilation. Oxygen uptakes in the 4 symptomatic patients were normal at lesser work loads but progressively exceeded predicted values at greater work loads, suggesting an abnormally elevated work of breathing during vigorous exertion. Three asymptomatic patients demonstrated a normal linear pattern of increase in oxygen uptake with increasing work load. Respiratory symptoms in some patients with pectus deformities appear to have a physiologic basis. Our data suggest a dynamic restrictive pulmonary process as an explanation for these symptoms. PMID- 7125346 TI - Pulmonary perspective. Julia Jones Memorial Lecture 1982. PMID- 7125347 TI - Calibration of respiratory induction plethysmography (Respitrace) in infants. AB - To determine whether the recently increased sensitivity of the variable frequency oscillator and the use of separate rib cage and abdominal transducers made calibration of the Respitrace system easier, we performed 106 different calibration procedures against a pneumotachygraph in 36 normal infants, 41 using 2 separate periods of quiet sleep, 49 using quiet and REM sleep, and 16 using 2 separate periods of REM sleep. When the calibration was done using 2 separate periods of quiet sleep, or using periods of quiet and REM sleep, a change of at least 50% in the amplitudes of both the abdominal and rib cage signals between the 2 sleep periods, gave accurate calibration factors in 92%, compared with only 30% when the amplitude of either signal changed by less than 50%. Calculation of the calibration factors can be done either by the least squares method or by solving simultaneous equations with no significant difference between the results. PMID- 7125348 TI - Comparison of physiologic dead space/tidal volume ratio and alveolar-arterial PO2 difference during incremental and constant work exercise. AB - We prefer 1-min incremental exercise testing on a cycle ergometer rather than constant work studies because of its speed, repeatability, and ease of identification of the anaerobic threshold. Although values such as VO2 and anaerobic threshold from both types of studies are reported to be comparable, we questioned whether VD/VT and AaPO2, which depend on simultaneous arterial blood and mixed expired gas sampling, would also be reliable during incremental testing. In 23 patients we did both a constant work test at below the anaerobic threshold and a 1-min incremental test. At matched VO2 we found no difference between VD/VT and AaPO2 despite anticipated differences in VE, VCO2, and R because of differences in their rates of increase. We conclude that VD/VT and AaPO2, determined during 1-min incremental exercise tests, are equivalent to those from constant work tests and that a separate constant work study is not needed for these measurements if determined below the anaerobic threshold. PMID- 7125349 TI - Comparison of intraesophageal balloon pressure measurements with a nasogastric esophageal balloon system in volunteers. AB - Recently, an esophageal balloon incorporated into a nasogastric tube was designed that allowed measurement of intraesophageal pressure. To define the performance of this nasogastric-esophageal balloon (NG-EB) system, comparative measurements were made with a standard esophageal balloon while subjects were in the sitting, supine, and left lateral decubitus and right lateral decubitus positions. Values for dynamic pulmonary compliance, pulmonary resistance, and cough pressure were not statistically different between the two systems. Mean static deflation pressure-volume (P-V) curves using the NG-EB were shifted to the left of the esophageal balloon P-V curve in all body positions, but static lung compliance (CL) was not statistically different. For both balloon systems, CL showed no significant difference between sitting and right lateral decubitus positions. Results from this study indicate that the NG-EB system acceptably reflects esophageal balloon pressure measurements and should be useful in estimating lung and chest wall mechanics in acutely ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation. PMID- 7125350 TI - Spirometric reference values--what for? PMID- 7125351 TI - Tuberculosis: a portal through which to view the future. PMID- 7125352 TI - Analyses of sequential bronchoalveolar lavage samples from healthy human volunteers. AB - Subsegmental bronchoalveolar lavage of human subjects provides an accessible sample of cells and secretions from the lower respiratory tract for clinical and research study. Technical factors that may modify lavage results have received little attention. The effects of lavage volume on the patterns of recovered cells and biochemical components were studied by separately analyzing each of 4 sequential 60-ml syringes of saline instilled into a subsegment of the right middle lobe. Fourteen healthy normal subjects volunteered for lavage. Recovery of cells from both nonsmokers and smokers increased and then remained essentially constant in subsequent syringes, suggesting elution of adherent macrophages from the alveolar surface. Protein, carbohydrate, lipid, and potassium appeared in decreasing concentrations in sequential syringes, but different constituents followed separate patterns. Simple mixing models do not explain the observed results. Measured values for the components in a "small" 120-ml lavage may be substantially different from the values in a "large" 240-ml lavage. Further study of the kinetics of recovery of selected lavage components may provide better understanding of the origins and functions of these substances in the lung. PMID- 7125353 TI - Kinetic analysis of respiratory tract proteins recovered during a sequential lavage protocol. AB - Although bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) has been used as a research tool for over a decade, the technique of lavage has varied markedly between laboratories. For example, lavage instillate volumes from 50 to 300 ml have been used, and yet the influence of the variable of total lavage volume on subsequent protein recovery is uncertain. We performed sequential BAL (50 ml/aliquot; total volume, 300 ml) of the right middle lobe of 14 normal volunteers and separately processed and analyzed recovered aliquots for the absolute and relative concentrations of several protein substances. These proteins include free secretory component and secretory IgA, which emanate from airway secretions, and IgG, which is thought to transude from more distal alveolar sites. Analysis of these data showed a marked decrease in the absolute concentration of all proteins measured in serial aliquots. Analysis of protein ratios in sequential aliquots, however, revealed no significant change from the first to the fifth recovered aliquot. Finally, we analyzed the influence of the size of the first recovered aliquot on absolute and relative concentrations of proteins. Here there seemed to be a trend indicating preferential recovery of airway proteins in smaller aliquots. This was significant for the ratio of free secretory component to albumin (p less than 0.05). We conclude that lung proteins are efficiently and homogeneously sampled with 100 ml of lavage instillate. Larger volumes will add more protein but not alter protein ratios. Lavage with smaller volumes may preferentially sample airway proteins. PMID- 7125354 TI - Pleural thickening: its significance and relationship to asbestos dust exposure. AB - The admission chest radiographs of 824 were screened for the presence of bilateral pleural thickening. Those patients with pleural thickening were scored according to the ILO classification of radiographs of the pneumoconioses. The prevalence of bilateral pleural thickening was high (6.2%) in these patients, of whom 67% had an environmental or occupational history suggestive of asbestos exposure. The predictive value of bilateral pleural thickening alone as an indicator of previous asbestos exposure was 67%. If one excludes known medical or surgical etiologies of pleural thickening then the predictive value increased to 81%. The radiographic detection of bilateral pleural thickening has a strong association with prior asbestos exposure. PMID- 7125355 TI - Obstructive apneas during sleep in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. AB - The possible role of high nasal airway resistance in the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea has been examined in 7 patients with seasonal (ragweed) allergic rhinitis, a naturally occurring model of reversible nasal obstruction. Measurements of nasal resistance and overnight polysomnographic studies were performed during the ragweed season when the patients complained of nasal obstruction; and 6 to 8 wk later when the symptoms had subsided (control study). During the symptomatic phase, mean (+/- SE) nasal resistance was 4.9 +/- 0.8 cm H2O/L/s, and the patients experienced 1.7 +/- 0.3 obstructive apneas per hour of sleep. In contrast, at the time of the control study, nasal resistance had decreased to 2.5 +/- 0.3 cm H2O/L/s (p less than 0.01); and the rate of obstructive apneas had decreased to 0.7 +/- 0.4 per hour of sleep (p less than 0.005). The duration of these apneas had also decreased from 15.5 +/- 0.8 s to 6.1 +/- 2.9 s (p less than 0.01). Apneas were rarely associated with significant O2 desaturation and were fewer in number than typically seen in a clinically significant sleep apnea syndrome. In male patients there was a direct relationship (r = 0.9) between the change in nasal resistance from symptomatic to control studies and the corresponding change in frequency of obstructive sleep apneas. Coincident with these respiratory changes at the time of the control study was an increase in the amount of slow-wave sleep (p = 0.05) and a small reduction in the frequency of arousals during sleep (p = NS). We conclude that in patients with allergic rhinitis, obstructive sleep apneas are longer and more frequent during a period of symptomatic nasal obstruction than when symptoms are absent. The results support the concept that a high nasal resistance may be a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apneas in general. PMID- 7125356 TI - Respiratory abnormalities in employees of the hard rock mining industry. AB - Respiratory symptoms, forced vital capacity, and the single breath N2 test were assessed in male employees (25 to 54 yr of age) who had been employed for more than 5 yr in the mining industry in Manitoba. The results were compared with those in a similar group of men selected from the general population. The prevalence of cough and/or phlegm in both nonsmoking and smoking mining employees was significantly greater than that in the sample of the general population (p less than 0.05). In both nonsmokers and ex-smokers amongst the mining employees, the parameters derived from the single breath N2 test tended to be lower and maximal expiratory flow rates tended to be higher than in comparable groups in the general population sample. In smokers, FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, maximal expiratory flow rates, RV/TLC, and the slope of phase III were significantly worse in smelter workers than in underground workers. Alterations in lung function in those who worked underground, but not in those who worked in the smelter, was related to the duration of employment in the industry. The data suggest that exposure to mining irritants may result in disorders of lung function, and that this effect is greater in cigarette smokers. PMID- 7125357 TI - Effects of smoking and occupational exposure on peripheral airway function in young cereal grain workers. AB - We studied two groups of young male cereal grain elevator workers: 82 lifetime nonsmoking grain workers (2.5 +/- 1.2 yr of dust exposure) who were 22.7 +/- 3.5 yr of age, and 82 smoking grain workers (6.1 +/- 4.1 pack-years of smoking) individually matched to the nonsmoking grain workers for age (22.7 +/- 3.3 yr) and years of work in the grain industry (2.6 +/- 1.3 yr). We also studied the following groups of community control subjects: 82 nonsmoking community control subjects individually matched to the nonsmoking grain workers for age (22.8 +/- 3.7 yr), and 82 smoking community control subjects individually matched to the smoking grain workers for age (22.7 +/0 3.6 yr) and smoking history (6.0 +/- 4.0 pack-years). We measured forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC %, the maximal mid-expiratory flow rate (FEF25 75), the flow at 50% (Vmax50) and 25% (Vmax25) of a maximal expiratory flow volume maneuver, the percent increase in the maximal expiratory flow at 50% FVC breathing a mixture of 80% helium-20% oxygen as compared with air (delta Vmax50), and the slope of Phase III of the single breath nitrogen test (delta N2/L). We also assessed the prevalence of respiratory symptoms from responses to a standardized questionnaire. Smoking was associated with an increased prevalence of cough, wheezing, and dyspnea, and a mildly decreased FEV1/FVC %. Two variables were used as indexes of small airway dysfunction, a lower delta Vmax50 and a higher delta N2/L. Only the group of workers who both smoked and were occupationally exposed to grain dust had evidence of small airway dysfunction. The differences in delta N2/L and delta Vmax50 were greater than was expected from an additive model, suggesting that the combined effects of occupational exposure to grain dust and inhalation of cigarette smoke may have a synergistic effect leading to small airway dysfunction in young cereal grain workers. PMID- 7125358 TI - Legionellosis--the 1980 San Francisco outbreak. AB - During the first half of March 1980, an unseasonal outbreak of legionellosis, which involved at least 14 of approximately 1,000 workers, occurred in a 6-month old office building in San Francisco. An epidemiologic investigation revealed that persons 50 yr of age and older were at increased risk of disease. The outbreak was temporally associated with operation of the building's air conditioning system. In addition, Legionella pneumophila Serogroups 1, 4, and 6 were identified in water samples taken from a rooftop air conditioning cooling tower located directly across the street from an area of recent excavation. PMID- 7125359 TI - Response to bronchodilator drug administration by a new reservoir aerosol delivery system and a review of other auxiliary delivery systems. AB - Response to bronchodilator aerosols delivered by metered dose inhalers (MDI) depends in part upon the amount of drug depositing on the airways. Ideally, the MDI should be actuated during a slow deep inhalation followed by a breathholding pause, an impossible maneuver for many patients. We developed a new reservoir aerosol delivery system (RADS) consisting of a 700-ml collapsible bag in which aerosol could be injected. The mouthpiece-canister was filtered with a reed that vibrated at inspiratory flows greater than 0.3 L/s to produce a noise. Patients were instructed to keep inhalation silent while breathing from RADS. One puff of metaproterenol (650 microgram) administered via RADS (with one breath rebreathed) was compared with one puff of metaproterenol (650 micrograms) from usual MDI using serial measurements of body plethysmography and spirometry. Respiratory inductive plethysmography measured the point of MDI actuation, volume of inhalation, inspiratory flow, and breathholding pause. Ten patients with chronic airflow limitation caused by asthma or chronic bronchitis were given typed instructions on MDI usage and trained shortly before the study. Metaproterenol via RADS produced significantly greater maximal increase in SGaw (195 +/- 52% SE) compared with metaproterenol via conventional MDI (101 +/- 24%, p less than 0.003). Bronchodilator response in 4 patients unable to coordinate actuation of the MDI with inspiration was significantly less than in 6 patients with good MDI technique (p less than 0.005). The mean flow rates were 0.54 +/- 0.16 L/s during inhalation of metaproterenol compared with 0.19 +/- 0.02 L/s and 0.24 +/- 0.03 L/s during the first and second inhalations, respectively, using RADS. This reservoir aerosol delivery system, which was well accepted by the patients, promotes more effective bronchodilation than the conventional metered dose inhaler. PMID- 7125360 TI - Periodic breathing and the pathogenesis of occlusive sleep apneas. AB - In order to study the relationship between sleep-induced periodic breathing and the development of occlusive sleep apneas, 6 patients with hypersomnia-sleep apnea syndrome were studied during nocturnal sleep before and approximately 1 month after therapeutic tracheostomy. Post-tracheostomy studies were performed in open and closed tracheostomy states. Sleep-induced periodic breathing resembling the pattern of Cheyne-Stokes breathing was observed in all patients before and after tracheostomy, even when tracheostomy was left open. When tracheostomy was closed all patients developed periodic hypopneas with significant oxygen desaturation, and 4 patients developed occlusive apneas at the nadir of the periodic changes. However, apnea and desaturation indexes during closed tracheostomy were significantly lower than their respective pretracheostomy values. These results indicate that sleep-induced periodic breathing, which represents an instability of respiratory control, is primary to the development of occlusive apneas, and the periodically observed is exaggerated by hypoxemia. Comparison of pre- and post-tracheostomy studies indicate a significant improvement in the underlying disorder most likely caused by the elimination of nocturnal hypoxemia and sleep fragmentation. PMID- 7125361 TI - Effect of Cl-, Na+, and amiloride on the electrical properties of dog tracheal epithelium, in vitro. AB - We investigated the effects on the cellular electrical properties of changes in the chemical gradient of Cl- and Na- across the luminal membrane of dog tracheal cells. We used standard microelectrode techniques to measure the electrical profile of these cells during Cl- and Na+ substitution in the luminal solution and during the addition of 10(-4) M amiloride, a Na+ conductance blocker, to the luminal solution. In 111 cell penetrations, we observed an apparent bimodal distribution of luminal membrane potential. About 75% of the cells constituted the lower mode, and the greatest number of penetrations in this mode had luminal potentials of -10 to -15 mV. The greatest number of penetrations in the higher mode had luminal potentials of -40 to -45 mV. In 16 penetrations, Cl- substitution changed the luminal membrane potential (+/- SE) by +12.3 +/- 0.6 mV and transepithelial potential by +11.6 +/- 0.9 mV. Both Na+ substitution and amiloride addition resulted in a minimal hyperpolarization of the luminal membrane potential with only a slight change in the submucosal potential. These results suggested the Cl- conductance contributed to a greater extent than that of Na+ to the maintenance of the luminal membrane potential difference and supported the model recently reviewed by Frizzell and coworkers (5) proposing Na+ dependent electrogenic CL- secretion in dog tracheal cells. PMID- 7125362 TI - Relationship of ventilation inhomogeneity to morphologic variables in excised human lungs. AB - Ventilation inhomogeneity, as assessed by the regional distribution of 133Xe and the single breath washout (SBW) curve, is compared with the morphologic aspects in excised human lungs. Morphologic measurements include central airway diameter, bronchial gland area, peripheral airway diameter, and the alveolar surface-to volume ratio. Lung inflation with a constant concentration of 133Xe results in relatively more 133Xe distributed to the lung base than to the apex. Neither the vertical gradient in ventilation nor other interregional inhomogeneities in 133Xe distribution are correlated with morphologic variations in the lung. Also, interregional inhomogeneities of 133Xe distribution do not correlate with phase III slope of the SBW curve. This suggests that the phase III slope is determined primarily by intraregional ventilation inhomogeneities. Within the phase IV region of the SBW curve two distinct inflections are identified: an inflection at volume V1 and another sharper inflection at volume V2. Both the phase III slope and V2 correlate significantly (p less than 0.05) with peripheral airway diameter, indicating that parameters of the SBW curve do assess peripheral airway properties. PMID- 7125363 TI - Pulmonary mechanics in dogs given different doses of kerosene intratracheally. AB - Kerosene was instilled intratracheally into mongrel dogs of either sex weighing 10 to 15 kg and anesthetized intravenously with sodium pentobarbital (25 mg/kg). Two different doses were used: 0.3 and 0.06 ml/kg. Pulmonary mechanics, including pressure-volume (P-V) curve, thoracic gas volume (Vtg), total lung capacity (TLC), total pulmonary resistance (RL), and chord compliance (CL) were measured by using a whole body plethysmograph, before and at various time intervals during the 2 wk after instillation. Histologic studies were also performed. In the high dose (0.3 ml/kg) kerosene experiments there were significant decreases in Vtg, TLC, and CL values by 24 h, which returned to control values at 1 wk after kerosene instillation. The RL and CL normalized for TLC did not change. In contrast, in the dogs receiving the low dose (0.06 ml/kg), there was no significant change in any of these parameters at 24 h. Histologic examination revealed an early exudative phase consisting of exudation of macrophages, red cells, and edema (at 1 and at 24 h), and a later phase consisting of proliferative bronchiolitis (at 1 and at 2 wk). Animals receiving the low dose revealed the same pattern as those receiving the high dose at 24 h, but changes were less extensive. We conclude (1) that kerosene-induced lung injury causes loss of terminal air spaces at both low and high doses, and (2) that the shift in the P-V curve is dose dependent. We hypothesize that kerosene causes two types of physiologic lesions. In areas in which terminal air spaces remained open, an increase in compliance occurred, whereas in areas in which intraalveolar exudation occurred there was "drop-out" of lung units. The final P-V curve was determined by the relative proportions of these two types of areas. PMID- 7125364 TI - Early tissue damage in ethchlorvynol-induced alveolar edema in rabbit lung. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the morphologic changes that occur in the early stages of intraalveolar edema. Anesthetized rabbits were intravenously administered a bolus of 40 mg/kg of ethchlorvynol, a mild hypnotic known to induce respiratory distress syndrome in humans and laboratory animals when given intravenously. After 15 min their lungs were fixed for transmission electron microscopy. Examination revealed variable amounts of irregularly distributed intraalveolar edema with erythrocytes and fibrin strands that coexisted with modest or nonexisting interstitial edema suggesting that primary hemorrhagic alveolar flooding had taken place. Most alveolar epithelial and endothelial cells appeared normal except in localized areas. In lungs fixed by vascular perfusion, in which normal capillaries were flushed, obstructions were noticed in alveolar corner capillaries. These areas were identified by light microscopy and selectively sectioned for electron microscopy. They contained intravascular cell fibrin aggregates consisting of plugs of degranulated platelets, fibrin, erythrocytes, and leukocytes. Endothelial and epithelial cells in the vicinity of the plugs showed variable degrees of injury. In places the damage was so severe that vascular and alveolar spaces were separated only by the basal lamina. Our work shows the previously unnoticed existence of capillary microemboli or microthrombi in a well-known experimental model of respiratory distress syndrome and suggests extravasation of blood elements through discrete sites of cell injury associated with the fibrin-platelet aggregates rather than diffuse increase of permeability as cause of early alveolar flooding. PMID- 7125366 TI - Bacteremia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae of nonvaccine serotypes. AB - Comparison of serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae blood isolates showed a 2.5 fold increase in nonvaccine strains from the Cleveland Veterans Administration Hospital compared with those from other Cleveland area hospitals. Death was more frequently associated with nonvaccine than vaccine serotypes. No patient at any of the hospitals involved in the study received pneumococcal vaccine. This suggests that Cleveland Veterans Administration Hospital represents a unique population of patients within the Cleveland area and emphasizes the need for continued serotyping of blood and body fluid isolates. PMID- 7125367 TI - Maternal plasma concentration of pyridoxal phosphate during pregnancy: adequacy of vitamin B6 supplementation during isoniazid therapy. AB - Vitamin B6 is an important supplement both for pregnant patients and for those receiving isoniazid. Therefore, we decided to monitor pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) concentrations in 12 pregnant patients who were receiving isoniazid to be certain that supplementation was adequate. Patients were given a prenatal vitamin preparation and 50 mg of pyridoxine hydrochloride daily. At 1 month 10 of the 12 patients had adequate PLP concentrations. Seven of these 10 patients had elevated PLP concentrations and 3 had normal concentrations. Supplementation with 52 to 60 mg per day of Vitamin B6 produces adequate PLP concentrations in pregnant patients who are also taking isoniazid. PMID- 7125365 TI - Alveolar macrophage response to carbon in monocyte-depleted mice. AB - The predominant source of alveolar macrophages is monocytic migration with a smaller proportion arising from dividing interstitial cells. To determine how this system responds to particulate loading when depleted of monocytes, mice received 650 rad whole body irradiation followed by 4 mg carbon instilled into the trachea. Control groups included irradiated mice given no carbon and nonirradiated mice given carbon. After irradiation alone, the number of monocytes fell to a very low level for at least 3 wk, whereas the output of alveolar macrophages remained normal. In nonirradiated mice, carbon induced a tenfold increase in macrophages the first day, dropping rapidly after 1 wk. Macrophage output in irradiated animals given carbon doubled the first day, then rose to 4 times normal after 2 wk. This limited response to carbon was accompanied by increased DNA synthesis in pulmonary interstitial cells, but the number of circulating monocytes and labeling of alveolar macrophages remained very low. The results indicate that when monocytes are not available, output of alveolar macrophages is maintained by precursor cells in the pulmonary interstitium. This interstitial compartment provides an essential back-up mechanism capable of responding to increased particulate loading in both normal and monocytopenic animals. PMID- 7125368 TI - Disseminated Mycobacterium chelonei infection: a report of two cases. PMID- 7125369 TI - Hypotension associated with terbutaline therapy in acute quadriplegia--a report of two cases. PMID- 7125371 TI - Hypoxemia and O2 therapy. PMID- 7125370 TI - Malignant histiocytosis presenting as interstitial pulmonary disease. AB - Three children presented with progressive respiratory symptoms and radiographic evidence of diffuse interstitial infiltrates. All three had a pulmonary pathologic diagnosis of malignant histiocytosis. The pulmonary manifestations of this disease appear to have been responsive to combined chemotherapy. Malignant histiocytosis needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis of interstitial pulmonary disease. PMID- 7125372 TI - The effects of underrecorded forced expirations on spirometric lung function indexes. AB - A problem with short recorded lengths of expiration, encountered in a large heart attack intervention trial, illustrates the importance of standardization and training in spirometric lung function testing. At baseline, half of the trial's clinical centers had mean FVC values that were between 500 and 1,100 ml below those predicted for these centers. To quantify the effects of underrecorded forced expirations on the FVC, the FEV1/FVC%, the FEF70-80%, the FEF 25-75%, and the FEF45-55%, a study of 80 complete spirograms of good quality was undertaken. The findings were that short lengths of expiration cause underrecording of the FVC, inflating all of the examined FVC-dependent spirometric indexes. The inflation was fairly uniform across all obstructions for the forced expiratory flow rates, but it increased markedly with level of obstruction for the FEV1/FVC%. Virtually no subjects exhibited low values of these spirometric indexes after 3 s of expiration, and the number of subjects with low values was still substantially underestimated after 6 s of expiration. Whereas 18 (23%) of the subjects had FEV1/FVC% greater than or equal to 80% and 21 (26%) had ratios less than or equal to 69% based on complete expiration, 60 (75%) of the subjects had ratios greater than or equal to 80% and only 2 (3%) had ratios less than or equal to 69%, after 3 s of expiration. Even after 6 s, 26 subjects (33%) had ratios greater than or equal to 80%, and only 10 (13%) had ratios less than or equal to 69%. Therefore, completely recorded expirations are essential for accurate measurement of the FVC-dependent spirometric indexes. PMID- 7125373 TI - Accumulation of radionuclide-labeled platelets and fibrinogen in paraquat-damaged rat lungs. PMID- 7125374 TI - Surgical management of liver trauma. AB - Trauma surgeons must be familiar with the different alternatives that are available in managing hepatic injuries. Although most injuries of the liver can be managed by straightforward operative techniques, the severe injury requires immediate recognition and expedient application of surgical skills for a successful outcome. These guidelines are intended to counter the two major causes of death associated with liver trauma: operative hemorrhage and postoperative sepsis. Operative technique must be impeccable. Operative judgment must be based on the specific entities involved. The correct operative maneuvers must be made before hypovolemic and ischemic insults have irreversibly affected organ function or before a profound coagulopathy has developed. It is imperative that the surgeon and anesthesiologist work as a team when confronted with a patient who has a major liver injury. PMID- 7125375 TI - Severe pelvic fractures: problems and possible solutions. AB - A host of injuries are associated with pelvic fractures, particularly of the severe disruptive type. It is important to recognize and treat severe pelvic fractures and associated injuries quickly. Multispecialty consultations should be sought when necessary. The control of hemorrhage secondary to pelvic fracture may be a difficult problem. A host of procedures have been described. Hypogastric artery interruption appears to be ineffective. However, angiographic embolization, compressive trousers, and, in a few selected patients, direct surgical intervention appear to be effective in controlling hemorrhage. The control of hemorrhage secondary to pelvic fracture may necessitate the use of more than the therapeutic modality. As emphasized by the Flint group,39 it is important to adopt an attack protocol. All too often, strategy has to be planned while a patient suffering a severe pelvic fracture continues to hemorrhage. When a particular method to control hemorrhaging fails, another should be employed. Open pelvic fractures are often difficult to manage. Initial efforts must be directed toward the control of hemorrhage. Secondary measures are required to minimize soft tissue soilage and infection, especially when there is deep perineal involvement. A logical, planned approach to pelvic trauma, with its associated injuries and blood loss, and appropriate specialty input are necessary for a successful outcome. PMID- 7125376 TI - Management of naso-ethmoid-orbital fractures. PMID- 7125377 TI - Blood ethanol and serum osmolality in the trauma patient. AB - The relationships between blood alcohol concentrations and both "osmolar difference" (measured serum osmolality minus expected serum osmolality calculated from serum sodium, serum potassium, blood urea, and blood glucose concentrations) and total serum osmolality have been investigated in severely traumatized patients. Osmolar difference was found to be more strongly correlated to blood alcohol concentration than serum osmolality; however, the error in the slopes of the regression lines was essentially identical (approximately 17%). Consequently, indirect estimations of blood alcohol concentrations by calculating osmolar difference do not improve the accuracy obtained by the estimation by measurement of serum osmolality alone. It appears that the production of unidentified osmoles in traumatized patients significantly influences all indirect calculation of blood alcohol by osmometry. A direct determination of blood alcohol should be made whenever possible. PMID- 7125378 TI - Recognition of intra-abdominal injury in blunt trauma victims. A prospective study comparing physical examination with peritoneal lavage. AB - The accuracy of initial physical examination and peritoneal lavage in detecting intra-abdominal injury was assessed in 221 consecutive blunt trauma victims. Of the patients, 121 had negative peritoneal lavages, with one false result, and 100 had positive peritoneal lavages, including six false results and two injuries not requiring surgical correction. Hemoperitoneum occurred in 32 of 71 patients with a depressed sensorium and in 29 of 54 patients with thoracic injury. Twenty-eight of 120 patients with absent bowel tones and 20 of 100 patients with abdominal guarding or rigidity had negative peritoneal lavages. Among the 150 conscious, responsive patients there was a high incidence of false-positive and false negative abdominal findings on physical examination. Hemoperitoneum was detected in four clinically negative patients. Significant error accompanies the initial abdominal examination and clinical assessment in the blunt trauma victim. In contract, open diagnostic peritoneal lavage is a sensitive and highly accurate test for blunt intraperitoneal injury. We believe peritoneal lavage is the single best test for intra-abdominal injury and should be performed in th majority of patients with such injuries. PMID- 7125379 TI - Peritoneal lavage in children and adolescents with blunt abdominal trauma. AB - The major cause of death in children is trauma. Although prompt recognition of blunt abdominal injury is essential, physical examination is an inexact means of establishing the diagnosis. One hundred thirty-five blunt trauma victims under 16 years of age underwent open diagnostic peritoneal lavage over a three-year period. The overall accuracy rate of peritoneal lavage was 95.5 per cent, which included true-negatives (65.9%), false-positives (4.5%), and true-positives (29.6%). These were no false-negative results. Of 40 patients with intra abdominal injuries, five (12.5%) did not require surgical correction. Open diagnostic peritoneal lavage is the single best test for detecting serious intra abdominal injury following blunt trauma in children and adolescents. PMID- 7125380 TI - Immediate mini-myelography in acute cervical cord injuries. AB - The use of contrast myelography in the evaluation of acute cervical spinal cord trauma is controversial. The purpose of employing such a technique is to demonstrate any persistent extradural cord compression after the spine is realigned by skeletal traction. The surgical correction of such compression may result in enhanced neurological recovery. The "mini-myelogram" is accomplished by performing a lateral C1/C2 spinal puncture and injecting a low volume of Pantopaque into the subarachnoid space. Demonstration of significant extradural compression results in emergency surgery for appropriate decompression. A small percentage of patients may enjoy enhanced recovery due to the decompression. A description of the technique and results of 90 patients undergoing mini myelography are presented. PMID- 7125381 TI - Saphenous vein graft modification to Scribner shunt. PMID- 7125382 TI - Intracranial pressure monitoring in patients with severe head injury. AB - Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) has an adverse effect on the clinical course of patients with severe head injuries. Direct intracranial measurement is the only method of knowing the precise ICP. At the Maryland Institute for Emergency Medical Services Systems, elevations in ICP are treated according to an aggressive protocol. Our experience with this protocol has led to the following conclusions: 1) ICPs above 25 mm Hg are associated with an unacceptable mortality, 2) aggressive medical treatment of patients with an ICP of 16 mm Hg can decrease the number of patients whose ICPs reach 25 mm Hg, and 3) the overall mortality of severe head injury can be reduced with such a protocol. ICP monitoring can be a valuable parameter in the management of severe head injury. With continuous accurate reading of ICP, sound theraputic decisions can be made about the patient's care that, ultimately, can effect the patient's survival and outcome. PMID- 7125383 TI - Preservation of upper extremity devascularizations and amputations for replantation. AB - Cooling the amputated part and the partially amputated devascularized extremity is critical for a successful replantation attempt. Cooling devascularized or amputated tissue is the simplest and most effective method for preventing the detrimental effects of ischemia. Successful microsurgical revascularization begins with proper treatment in the local referring emergency room. Proper care and transportation of the patient and his devascularized or amputated extremity are essential. PMID- 7125384 TI - Proper timing of amputation for open fractures of the lower extremities. AB - Judging the appropriate time for amputating lower extremities with open fractures and major soft tissue damage is a major problem for physicians. Limb salvage through vascular repair and external fixation is frequently unjustified. Attempts at saving a limb that should be amputated often are followed by renal failure, sepsis, and death. Much research remains to be done in this area. PMID- 7125386 TI - [Prevention of central nervous system malformation. Recommendations of the Medical Genetics Section of the Asociacion Espanola de Pediatria]. PMID- 7125385 TI - Hyperbaric medicine: state of the art, 1979. AB - An attempt has been made to determine the clinical usage of hyperbaric oxygen therapy at 83 North American hyperbaric treatment centers from 1971 to 1978. Questions were asked about the conditions or diseases treated, yearly case load for each condition, location of functional hyperbaric chambers, types of chambers used, operating costs, and personnel requirements. Commercial diving chambers that treat decompression sickness and air embolism from diving accidents were included in the last two years of the survey. Fifty-seven responses were received; 30 treatment centers had multiple chambers, 24 had monoplace chambers, and three had both types of chambers. A total of 10,942 patients were treated during the eight-year survey period; 8,408 patients (76%) had category I or II conditions, as defined by the Undersea Medical Society. Of the 20 most commonly treated conditions, 17 were in category I or II. During the survey period, the use of hyperbaric oxygen increased, particularly in the treatment of decompression sickness, carbon monoxide poisoning, and osteomyelitis and osteoradionecrosis. PMID- 7125387 TI - [Urology aspects of adrenogenital syndrome]. AB - During the past five years, 10 patients (seven girls and three boys) with virilizing adrenal hyperplasia have been treated in our institution. A thorough urological work-up was preformed in all. We found among the girls one ureteral duplication, three lower urinary obstruction (two of them in girls with high urethro-vaginal confluence) and four bilateral vesico-ureteral refluxes. Two girls required a Hendren operation, and the remaining had a convention cut-back. Obstruction disappeared in all cases, but reflux persists in one of the patients. The plastic results were constantly good. A detailed urological investigation is strongly advised for patients with adrenogenital syndrome. PMID- 7125388 TI - [Fetal alcohol syndrome: 17 cases]. AB - The authors study retrospectively 30 children of 15 chronic alcoholic mothers, among which 17 are typical forms of fetal alcohol syndrome, seven are forms of "partial effects" and six are normal. There were five family cases. The recent problems in relation with fetal alcohol syndrome and mother's alcoholism are discussed. PMID- 7125390 TI - [Duodenal microflora in well-nourished infants with acute diarrhea and with carbohydrate intolerance]. AB - Duodenal microflora was studied in two groups of infants in their first month of life with normal nutritional status: I) 11 infants with acute diarrhea; II) 3 infants with carbohydrate intolerance. No modifications of microflora were found in group I. Meanwhile in group II bacterial counts were always present from 10(3) to indefinite col/ml, being frequent the presence of Gram negative bacteria, with almost half of occasions positive to "Escherichia coli". Duodenal microflora alterations were independent of diarrheal duration and the same than those described in other ages of life. PMID- 7125391 TI - [Fatty acid composition of human milk]. AB - Fatty acid composition of human milk was determined for three consecutive period of lactation: 1) colostrum two to four days postpartum (100 samples); 2) transient milk six to 16 days postpartum (50 samples), and 3) mature milk one to eight months of lactation (16 samples). As compared to mature milk, colostrum is characterized by a lower percentage of short-chain and medium-chain saturated fatty acids and a higher percentage of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Remarkably high levels of the essential fatty acid, linoleic acid, were found in this study (14.6, 16.0 ad 16.4 percent of total fatty acids respectively for each of the three periods considered). These values are higher than those reported for mothers from other countries. The high levels of linoleic acid found in this study unsaturated fatty acids longer than C 20, derived from the essential fatty acids linoleic and linolenic, constitute between 5 and 6 percent of the total fatty acids. Human milk, therefore, is an excellent source of essential fatty acids and their polyenoic derivatives, which are needed for the development of the nervous and vascular systems during the first months of life. PMID- 7125392 TI - [Critical analysis of the diagnostic value of the first sesamoid bone of the thumb as an indicator of bone development in puberty]. AB - Although the appearance of the first sesamoid of the thumb has been widely reported as being a good indicator of puberty, it should be noted that this finding has only been confirmed in cross-sectional studies. When trying to determine this relationship through a longitudinal study, we see that, although the correlation indices come within the limits of statistical significance, the wide range of variability in appearance reduces its practical usefulness. The sesamoid bone normally appears during puberty but neither the initial moment of this occurrence nor the exact stage of the child's development at that time can be assessed. PMID- 7125389 TI - [Duodenal microflora in malnourished infants with acute diarrhea, carbohydrate intolerance and cow's milk protein intolerance]. AB - Duodenal microflora was studied in three groups of malnourished infants: I) 10 cases with acute diarrhea; II) six carbohydrate intolerant infants; III) eight cases with cow's milk protein intolerance. In all of them it was observed linear increases of overgrowing flora, with a greater incidence of Gram negative microorganisms. The greatest number of bacterial counts, with mixed flora was found in group III. In group II, "Escherichia coli" was present in all the cultured aspirates, suggesting that it was not a random fact, and could be the agent responsible of diarrhea. PMID- 7125393 TI - [Torsion of the spleen]. AB - Twisting of the spleen on its pedicle, due to the lack of the normal fixation elements, is a rare pathological condition in childhood. The revised literature reports 11 cases under the age of 10 years. We present three new cases treated at the Clinica Infantil "La Paz" (Madrid) during a period of 15 years. Ages of the three patients were 18 months, 15 months and a newborn, operated upon at 10 days. It is important to point out that only two cases of the 11 reported in the literature were younger than 12 months of age. This article also presents the embriological study of this malformation and discusses its clinic, diagnostic and treatment. PMID- 7125394 TI - [Interstitial deletion of the long arms of chromosome 13]. AB - We present a case of a child with important phenotypic abnormalities (retinoblastoma, hypoplasia of the thumbs and genital), as well as craneofacial and evident psychomotor retardation. The chromosomal study showed a interstitial delection of the long arms of a chromosome from D group. We try to correlate karyotypes and phenotype, telling about difficulties that this relation means insisting about the importance of knowing more cases of chromosome 13 delection. We also think that subbands analysis represents an important factor in this correlation. PMID- 7125395 TI - [Aicardi syndrome]. AB - The association in young girls of flexion spasms of early beginning, partial or total agenesis of the corpus callosum, severe chororetinopathy and frequent skeletal anomalies is known as the Aicardi syndrome. On occasion of two observations a review of the literature is made. PMID- 7125396 TI - [The Aicardi syndrome]. AB - The authors present a case of a girl who showed flexion spasms, chorio retinopathy and agenesis of corpus callosum, an association known as the Aicardi syndrome. They have made a wide revision of the literature, examining in detail the clinical aspects and diagnosis with other malformations and infections. Lastly, they comment the aspects of etiology and pathology of the disease which still remain unclear. PMID- 7125397 TI - [Esophageal endoscopy and gastroesophageal reflux]. AB - Authors expose the value of different tests performed in 166 patients diagnosed of gastroesophageal reflux (GER). In 24 patients, less than three months old, only radiological studies were performed. Another group of 142 patients had radiology, endoscopy and biopsy performed, with a total of 180 endoscopic procedures. From the results obtained patients were classified in four grades: Grade I, included 28 patients less than three months old, GER is due to the immaturity of antireflux system. Grade II, included 75 patients of all ages with radiology and/or positive scintigram, but endoscopy and biopsy within normal limits. Grade III, 46 patients, in whom endoscopy and biopsy revealed presence of edema, fibrinous exudates and other inflammatory changes. Grade IV, 17 patients, endoscopy revealed healing strictures or deep bleeding ulcers. Grades I, II and III should be treated with medical measures. Grade IV requires immediate surgical treatment. In 2.7% and 6.4% of grade II and grade III cases respectively, endoscopy revealed progressive disease and necessity of final surgical treatment. Authors believe that endoscopy and biopsy are not only valuable to detect complicating progression of disease, but are also an efficient method of grading and prognosis of GER disease. PMID- 7125398 TI - [Treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants]. AB - A retrospective study is made on the results of the treatment of 38 preterm infants with symptomatic PDA; they represented an incidence of 4% of all the admissions to our Unit from June 1978 to March 1980. 30 of the 38 infants (79%) had PDA associated with RDS. Conservative medical treatment failed in 42% of the patients, requiring the administration of indomethacin for pharmacologic closure of their PDA. The different responses to the drug in each of the established groups are commented, being the group with a birth weight less than 1,500 g who presented the highest percentage of re-openings (62.5%) and of therapeutic failures (50%). An early closure of the PDA can contribute to decrease the morbidity and mortality of these infants, specially those with lower birth weight. PMID- 7125399 TI - [Chronic diarrhea with selective IgA deficit associated with Turner's syndrome]. AB - Three cases of selective IgA deficit with chronic diarrhea associated to Turner's syndrome are reported. The first patient presented gluten intolerance (celiac disease), confirmed by intestinal biopsy. The second patient turned out to suffer from cow's milk and gluten intolerance, and in the third an intestinal lambliasis was detected as well as gluten intolerance. Cytogenetic studies revealed in two patients a Turner's syndrome variant with isochromosome X, and the third presented Turner's syndrome associated with chromosome breakage. In all of the patients a history of repetitive upper respiratory infections and otitis was reported. The low incidence found in the literature of this rare association is also remarked, speculating about the role played by chromosome X in IgA synthesis. PMID- 7125400 TI - [Malformations associated with esophageal atresia]. AB - Associated malformations present in 277 newborn patients operated during the last sixteen years for esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula are described. Incidence on concomitant anomalies of each organ system is compared to that published by various authors during this period of time. Mortality, as related to each organ system and to the patient classification according to Waterston risk groups, is studied during two different periods (1965-1975 and 1976-1981) considering in the second one a significant improvement of pre and postoperative care. PMID- 7125401 TI - [Therapeutic errors and dose measuring devices]. AB - In order to investigate the possibilities of therapeutical error in syrups administration, authors have measured the capacity of 158 home spoons (x +/- SD). They classified spoons in four groups: group I (table spoons), 49 units (11.65 +/ 2.10 cc); group II (tea spoons), 41 units (4.70+/-1.04 cc); group III (coffee spoons), 41 units (2.60 +/- 0.59 cc), and group IV (miscellaneous), 27 units. They have compared the first three groups with theoreticals values of 15, 5 and 2.5 cc, respectively, ensuring, in the first group, significant statistical differences. In this way, they analyzed information that paediatricians receive from "vademecums", which they usually consult and have studied two points: If syrup has a meter or not, and if it indicates drug concentration or not. Only a 18% of the syrups have a meter and about 88% of the drugs indicate their concentration (mg/cc). They conclude that to prevent errors of dosage, the pharmacological industry must include meters in their products. If they haven't the safest thing is to use syringes. PMID- 7125402 TI - [Anorexia nervosa. Presentation of two cases]. AB - Two patients with anorexia nervosa were studied. One of them showed cerebral atrophy by computed tomography (CT) of the brain. This finding has been reported previously in three cases. No other reports have been found in Spanish literature. This data could be merely a CT finding. Etiopathogenic and therapeutic evolution is discussed. Behavior modification, based in experimental psychology was used in treatment. Hypercaloric and hyperproteic feeding was also used. PMID- 7125403 TI - [Basal cell nevus syndrome and gigantism]. AB - Authors report a representative case of basal cell nevus syndrome with great expressivity. The patient is a thirteen-year and ten-month-old girl. She shows the five major criteria of this disease: basal cell nevi, jaw cysts, skeletal abnormalities (bifid ribs, block vertebrae, rachischisis), ectopic calcifications (falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, interclinoid ligaments) and pits on the palms of both hands. Moreover the patient had a right ovarian fibroma with a lot of calcified zones inside as well as several small fibromas of the left ovary. Giantism was associated with this syndrome. This finding has not been published before. PMID- 7125405 TI - [Goltz syndrome. Presentation of 2 cases]. PMID- 7125404 TI - [Monitoring intracranial pressure in pseudotumor cerebri. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 7125406 TI - Computed tomography in the diagnosis of pericardial heart disease. AB - To evaluate the use of computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of pericardial heart disease, 53 patients were prospectively studied by computed tomography of the chest and cardiac ultrasound. A diagnostic-quality CT study was done for all patients; a technically satisfactory ultrasound examination was not possible in six patients. Of 47 patients in whom both chest scans and satisfactory ultrasound studies were obtained, computed tomography showed pericardial thickening not shown by ultrasound in five patients. Estimated size of pericardial effusion was the same for both computed tomography and ultrasound. Computed tomography provided quantifiable evaluation of the composition of pericardial fluid in seven patients with either hemopericardium or purulent pericarditis. Neoplastic pericardial heart disease was detected by CT scan in four of the 53 patients. Computed tomography of the chest provides a sensitive evaluation of the pericardium and quality of pericardial effusion, and is a valuable adjunct in patients in whom cardiac ultrasound is technically unsatisfactory. PMID- 7125408 TI - Complications in patients undergoing cardiac electrophysiologic procedures. AB - Complications were seen in 20 of 359 patients having programmed electrical stimulation during 1062 cardiac electrophysiologic procedures. No deaths occurred. Direct current countershock was used to end arrhythmias with serious hemodynamic consequences on 107 occasions. Countershock was effective in all cases and not associated with morbidity. The complications in 20 patients were related to intravascular catheterization and included thromboembolism (nine patients), local or systemic infections (six patients), and pneumothorax (five patients). All 20 patients recovered from these complications without long-term sequelae. Intracardiac electrophysiologic procedures can be done with an acceptably low risk in patients with life-threatening or disabling arrhythmias. PMID- 7125407 TI - Vasodilators and prostaglandin inhibitors in primary pulmonary hypertension. AB - Ten women with primary pulmonary hypertension had resting hemodynamic measurements taken before and after the nonparenteral administration of various vasodilators and prostaglandin inhibitors. Only sublingual isoproterenol, alone or combined with sublingual isosorbide dinitrate, effected a substantial (greater than 20%) drop in pulmonary vascular resistance; this decrease was accompanied by little change in pulmonary artery pressure. Isosorbide dinitrate was the only drug that elicited any reduction in pulmonary artery pressure; pulmonary vascular resistance decreased modestly. The oral administration of diazoxide, hydralazine, phentolamine, and tolazoline elicited little change in pulmonary artery pressure or resistance. Except for tolazoline, all these agents significantly decreased systemic blood pressure and resistance. Prostaglandin inhibition by indomethacin (acute and chronic dosing) increased pulmonary and systemic vascular resistances and reduced cardiac output. Aspirin combined with dipyridamole elicited no changes. The vasodilators and prostaglandin inhibitors studied evoked little improvement in resting pulmonary hemodynamic abnormalities in primary pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 7125409 TI - Staphylococcus epidermidis: an increasing cause of infection in patients with granulocytopenia. AB - Staphylococcus epidermidis, a major component of the skin flora, is usually considered a contaminant when recovered from diagnostic cultures. Since 1974 infections caused by gram-negative bacilli and S. aureus occurring among patients with granulocytopenic cancer have remained constant; infections due to S. epidermidis occurring before 1977 at a rate of 2.0 per 1000 days of hospitalization of patients with acute leukemia, increased to 14.6 per 1000 days in 1979. All S. epidermidis infections before 1977 originated from skin sites; since 1977 the respiratory tract and alimentary canal have become the predominant sites of origin. Predisposing factors for infection were profound granulocytopenia (less than 100/microL), a diagnosis of acute leukemia, and an oral nonabsorbable antibiotic regimen lacking vancomycin. The increased incidence of infection was not related to a nosocomial source or the more frequent use of long-term indwelling catheters. Methicillin resistance among isolates was common (40%). Intravenous vancomycin therapy provided the best therapeutic results. Diagnostic cultures positive for S. epidermidis in the setting of infection and profound granulocytopenia warrant appropriate antibiotic therapy. PMID- 7125410 TI - Fixed and reproducible orthostatic proteinuria: results of a 20-year follow-up study. AB - A 20-year follow-up evaluation of young men with fixed and reproducible orthostatic proteinuria showed no evidence of progressive renal disease. Follow up information was obtained on 43 of the original 64 patients and detailed information was secured on 36. All had normal renal function and only six patients continued to show qualitative proteinuria. The prevalence of hypertension found was similar to that of a comparably aged group of the general population. The 20-year prognosis of patients with fixed and reproducible orthostatic proteinuria is excellent. PMID- 7125411 TI - Eosinophilic fasciitis responsive to cimetidine. PMID- 7125412 TI - Therapy of experimental babesiosis. PMID- 7125413 TI - Acute cardiomyopathy secondary to intravenous amphetamine abuse. PMID- 7125414 TI - Amiodarone-induced ventricular tachycardia. PMID- 7125415 TI - Sulindac causing a hypersensitivity reaction with peripheral and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. PMID- 7125416 TI - Fine-needle transhepatic cholangiography. Indications and usefulness. AB - Fine-needle transhepatic cholangiography is a diagnostic tool often used for evaluating the biliary tree because of its wide availability and relatively low complication rate. Fine-needle cholangiography is primarily used in patients with obstructive jaundice with dilated ducts, but has been useful in patients with those entities that cause obstruction without dilatation (sclerosing cholangitis, ampullary stenosis, nonobstructing stone). We review our experience with over 700 cases of fine-needle cholangiography. The complication rate (due to bleeding, peritonitis, sepsis, and death) is less than 5%. The central role that fine needle cholangiography plays in defining the site and cause of biliary obstruction is emphasized. PMID- 7125417 TI - Antitrust law implications of exclusive contracts, closed staffs, and denials of hospital privileges. AB - Reports of an impending surplus of physicians have intensified economic incentives to exclude competing professionals from the hospital workplace. These conditions have led to a substantial increase in the number of private lawsuits instituted by the excluded physicians. Denials of hospital privileges can be essential to the maintenance of high standards of quality and efficiency at a hospital. However, unreasonable denials of staff privileges, staff closures, and exclusive contracts can raise antitrust implications depending on the facts. The relevant factual and economic questions that should be asked about such conduct in order to determine the degree of antitrust risk are discussed. PMID- 7125419 TI - Prevention of sudden arrhythmic death with implanted automatic defibrillators. PMID- 7125418 TI - "Hanging from the masthead": reflections on authorship. AB - Authorship of a scientific article should imply expertise on its content and thorough knowledge of the investigation reported. Because the number of authors per article has dramatically increased, I question whether these criteria for authorship are applied. Another explanation for this increase is that authors add names to the byline without reference to any set of criteria, resulting in the designation of coauthorship when not warranted. The medical community needs to redefine the proper procedure and criteria for deciding on authorship and to strictly abide by these procedures. Specific recommendations center around the protocol as the initial instrument of communication. Who should be designated as author, and the order of names, should be negotiated before and during the study, and written communication with other involved laboratories should result in more appropriate authorship attribution. PMID- 7125420 TI - Manpower needs for academic medicine. PMID- 7125421 TI - Authorship from the reader's side. PMID- 7125422 TI - Lupus nephritis and renal biopsy. PMID- 7125423 TI - Palmar fasciitis, polyarthritis, and carcinoma. PMID- 7125424 TI - Asplenia and rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7125425 TI - Chronic bronchitis, tetracycline, and type II error. PMID- 7125426 TI - Torsade de pointes and nifedipine. PMID- 7125427 TI - Cimetidine and granulopoiesis. PMID- 7125428 TI - Cimetidine hypersensitivity. PMID- 7125429 TI - Metoclopramide and tremor. PMID- 7125430 TI - Cholestyramine and probucol synergism. PMID- 7125432 TI - Mild hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 7125433 TI - Characteristics of house-staff candidates. PMID- 7125431 TI - Clay ingestion and hypokalemia. PMID- 7125434 TI - Retinal phlebitis associated with pregnancy. AB - Retinal phlebitis has been a difficult diagnostic problem for several years. Many cases are associated with specific systemic diseases, however, even with the advent of fluorescein angiography, many remain unknown. A case is reported of retinal phlebitis associated with pregnancy. PMID- 7125435 TI - Excessive hypermetropia: review and case report documented by echography. AB - The case of an 11-year-old boy with hypermetropia of +22.0 diopters is reported. Axial length was only 14.8 mm. The features and extreme rarity of this variation in the shape of the globe is outlined. The dimensions of the eyeball were measured by echography and compared to the emmetropic eye of the adult. Only vitreous length was found to be shortened, while the dimensions of the anterior segment were within normal limits. The term posterior microphthalmos without microcornea was chosen. Associated pseudopapilledema and choroidal folds were found. The literature is reviewed. PMID- 7125436 TI - Senile macular degeneration: a preliminary study. AB - Fifty patients with senile macular degeneration and 50 age-sex-matched control patients were studied retrospectively by multiple regression analysis. The patients with senile macular degeneration more often had hyperopia by a 2.4:1 ratio and when receiving treatment for hypertension, in a 6.1:1 ratio. The significance of these findings needs prospective study. PMID- 7125437 TI - Home care of hyphemas. AB - Cases of 20 patients with grade 1 hyphema were studied retrospectively. They were divided into two groups of ten patients each. Although the rate of clearing of the blood from the anterior chamber was slightly longer in the group treated at home, it was not statistically significant. There was no blood staining of the cornea in the home-treated group, and the final corrected visual acuity was as good as in those hospitalized for treatment. Although this is a small series of cases, home care with daily office follow-up study, especially for small hyphemas, seems to be an acceptable mode of therapy and does not seem to alter the prognosis for visual acuity. PMID- 7125438 TI - Low incidence of side effects following intravenous fluorescein angiography. AB - The complications that developed in 1,800 patients who underwent 2,631 fluorescein angiographies (FAs) were reviewed. In 5.4% of the patients, complications developed during 4.4% of the FAs. The patients with complications were ten years younger than the average patient undergoing the test. The rate of complications was twice as high in the male patients. Skin testing seems useless in attempting to predict allergic reactions in susceptible patients. Only one life-threatening situation, acute pulmonary edema, was found. Cases of numbness of the thumb, thrombophlebitis, pruritus of the soles and hands, and "hay-fever" like reactions are also reported. A case of a patient in whom myocardial infarction developed one hour following the test is also discussed, but it is not believed to have been directly caused by the fluorescein injection. PMID- 7125439 TI - Eye disease in the Navajo indians. AB - The ocular disease distribution and causes of blindness in the Navajo Indians are discussed. Trauma, usually associated with alcohol ingestion, is the most common cause of monocular blindness. Corneal scars, glaucoma, and retinal detachment are the other leading causes of blindness. Stage IV trachoma is frequently seen in the elderly, but active trachoma is present in only about 1% of Navajo children, a dramatic decline from the past. Pterygium, phlyctenular disease, limbal vernal catarrh, trachoma, pseudoexfoliation of the lens, phakomorphic angle closure glaucoma, iridocyclitis, retinitis pigmentosa, and high corneal astigmatism occur more commonly than in the general US population. Mature cataracts and retinoblastoma may be more prevalent. Acute spontaneous angle-closure glaucoma, unrelated to cataracts, has not been seen. Large pterygia, the most common external problem frequently cause corneal distortion and visual disturbances. PMID- 7125441 TI - Cornea plana: a case report. AB - A case of cornea plana with its typical clinical findings has been presented along with ultrasonographic documentation confirming the axial length of the globe to be normal in this condition. It is presented to draw attention to the clinician that although cornea plana is rare, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a patient with small eyes or suspected microcornea. PMID- 7125440 TI - Scleral depressor for short focal length lenses. PMID- 7125442 TI - Senile cataracts and myopia. AB - A retrospective survey of 32 persons with myopia and 38 persons with emmetropia who had been operated on at two US Army hospitals on the California coast showed that the persons with myopia who had worn eyeglasses for at least 20 years underwent cataract extraction at a significantly (P less than .00005) older age than the persons with emmetropia (median age at the time of the operation was 70 years, compared with 64 years). These results support the theory that some protection against solar ultraviolet radiation is offered the eyes by eye wear worn continuously and that solar ultraviolet radiation may be a contributing factor in the formation of human senile cataracts. PMID- 7125443 TI - Traumatic hyphema: a review. AB - The causes, evaluation, and controversial treatment of traumatic hyphema are the subject of this review of the recent literature. General protective mechanisms of the eye against trauma, theories as to the egress of anterior blood, complications of hyphema, and prognostic factors are discussed. PMID- 7125445 TI - One-way flow in the lacrimal drainage system: determinants from the basic sciences. AB - All life processes must be compatible with known physical laws. While the physiology of the lacrimal pump and valvular system are well known, the physical and histologic aspects related to anatomy remain to be clarified. Maximization of forward-directed capillarity, the operation of Bernoulli's law, the Venturi tube effect, and histologic microciliation are related to the system's basic anatomy and directed toward forward flow only, or, conversely, the avoidance of backflow of nasal secretions toward the conjunctival sac. PMID- 7125444 TI - Leukoembolization in ocular vascular occlusion. AB - The occurrence of complement-induced white blood cell aggregation and embolization has previously been little suspected. This may be a mechanism which underlies certain occlusive vascular diseases. It is possible that the fundus picture which has been described as Purtscher's Retinopathy following severe trauma and acute pancreatitis may be explained by this mechanism. A further case of Purtscher's type Retinopathy associated with acute pancreatitis is reported. PMID- 7125446 TI - Fibrous dysplasia of the orbit with optic nerve decompression. AB - We describe an unusual case of monostotic fibrous dysplasia involving the right sphenoid bone with gradual loss of vision occurring in a sexually precocious young woman. Vision remained stable after a four-year follow-up surgical decompression of the right optic canal. PMID- 7125448 TI - Scleral reinforcement for severe myopia: case report demonstrating long-term viability of scleral implant. AB - A case is reported of a patient who had a scleral reinforcement ten years prior to the development of a retinal detachment. Surgical exploration showed the previously implanted scleral strip to be intact and providing continued reinforcement to the myopic sclera. PMID- 7125447 TI - Measurement of strabismus in shortened exam lanes versus the 20-foot lane. AB - The angle of strabismus was compared in 62 patients when measured at 10 feet and in a 20-foot mirrored system, to measurements at 20 feet. Several divergence excess type exodeviations were measured as being significantly less, relative to the 20-foot measurements. High accommodative convergence/accommodation ratio type esotropes were often measured as being significantly higher in the 10-foot room, relative to the 20-foot measurements. Having a shortened or mirrored lane for strabismus measurement could significantly alter the mode of treatment or amount of surgery in strabismus patients and possibly yield a less than optimal result in strabismus management. PMID- 7125449 TI - Glaucoma's optic nerve damage: changing clinical perspectives. PMID- 7125450 TI - Unusual optic discs in primary open-angle glaucoma. PMID- 7125451 TI - Secondary intraocular lens implantation using sodium hyaluronate. PMID- 7125452 TI - Pigment dispersion and intraocular pressure elevation in pseudophakia. PMID- 7125453 TI - Recurrent toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis after clindamycin: a case report. PMID- 7125454 TI - Visual acuity after surgery for retinal detachment with macular involvement. AB - The records for a group of 2,054 patients who had undergone surgery fur rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with macular involvement were analyzed to ascertain the relative influence of the following five specific factors on postoperative visual acuity: (1) patient age, (2) degree of preoperative macular elevation, (3) duration of preoperative macular detachment, (4) extent of retinal detachment, and (5) drainage of subretinal fluid. Increasing patient age, increasing preoperative macular elevation, increasing duration of macular detachment, and increasing extent of retinal detachment were all found to be associated in general with decreasing postoperative visual acuity. Drainage, or nondrainage, or subretinal fluid appeared to be unassociated with postoperative visual acuity. PMID- 7125455 TI - Ocular findings in myotonic dystrophy. AB - Thirty-three patients (20 female and 13 male patients aged 13 to 52 years) with myotonic dystrophy (MyD) were studied. Ophthalmologic examination included tonography, electroretinography (ERG), and fluorescein angiography. Thirty patients had bilateral cataracts of the subcapsular type, two patients had aphakia in both eyes, and one patient had clear lenses. Hypotonia (intraocular pressure, less than or equal to 10 mm Hg) was a common finding in 19 of 66 eyes. The mean IOP was 11.8 mm Hg for the whole series and the mean outflow facility was c = 0.34 cu mm/min. Focal signs of retinouveal affection were present in nine patients. Clinically, they appeared as acquired lesions affecting the retina, pigment epithelium, and choroid. One patient was found to have an outburnt panuveitis. The ERG was normal in 11 patients, subnormal in five patients, and isoelectric in four patients. An extinguished ERG did not correlate to clinical findings of known hereditary retinal or choroidal dystrophies. The ophthalmologic findings may be explained by a primary defect related to the cell membrane. PMID- 7125456 TI - Retinopathy in temporal arteritis. PMID- 7125457 TI - Mucormycosis: case presentation and discussion. AB - Mucormycosis is encountered in patients with diabetes mellitus, as well as other debilitating diseases. The fungus is ubiquitous, but only certain types of patients become afflicted with this disease. Early diagnosis, control of the underlying disease, drug therapy, and surgical treatment can save the lives of patients with this infection. One should not be reluctant to think of mucormycosis in a differential diagnosis. Mucormycosis is becoming more frequently diagnosed. PMID- 7125458 TI - Scleral abscesses and ectasia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - A 76-year-old woman had signs of endophthalmitis the third day after she underwent uneventful cataract surgery. Intravitreous antibiotics were given, but the eye was unresponsive to the therapy, and, two days later, a small scleral abscess was noted that was not connected to the cornea. Pars plana vitrectomy and appropriate antibiotic therapy were successfully used, and, eventually, the retina regained useful visual acuity. A ring of multiple scleral abscesses developed that persisted for three months, producing scleral thinning and concentric ectasia of the globe. The cornea was free of ulceration at all times. We are unaware of any published cases of Pseudomonas abscess of the sclera without corneal ulceration or scleral damage. PMID- 7125460 TI - Peripapillary pigmentary retinochoroidal degeneration. PMID- 7125461 TI - Hypotony as a late complication of trabeculectomy. AB - A young man with pigmentary glaucoma was treated successfully by trabeculectomy in one eye. Approximately 13 months later, relatively minor trauma produced hypotony. Despite repeated examinations, the causative factor, a minute wound leak in the filtering bleb, was not detected until the hypotony had been present for six months. During this time, vertical choroidal folds developed in the macular region, associated with a marked loss of central vision. Successful cryogenic repair of the leaking bleb and subsequent normalization of tension was achieved; however, pigmentary changes noted in the macula as induced by the choroidal folds persisted. PMID- 7125463 TI - Acute cerebellar ataxia of childhood and optic neuritis with retrochiasmal involvement. AB - A case of a 4-year-old white girl affected with unilateral optic neuritis and acute cerebellar ataxia is presented. Visual evoked potentials (VEP) demonstrated prolonged latency of the right optic nerve as well as the left retrochiasmal pathways. This child had complete resolution of the cerebellar ataxia and the optic neuritis with return to normal of her VEP. This case is an example of a disease characterized by a single episode of multifocal involvement of the CNS differing from diffuse encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7125459 TI - Bilateral arterial occlusion secondary to Barlow's syndrome. PMID- 7125462 TI - Recurrent spontaneous vitreous air bubble formation: case report. PMID- 7125464 TI - Dehiscence of lateral rectus muscle following intrascleral buckling procedure. AB - A 58-year-old woman underwent two operations within a week for repair of a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in her left eye. The procedure consisted of the placement of an intrascleral buckle between the lateral and inferior rectus muscles and extending as explants under these two muscles. The ocular muscles were not disinserted as part of the surgery. Three and a half months postoperatively the patient had diplopia, marked left esotropia, and exposure of the buckle temporally. When the silicone implant was removed, the lateral rectus muscle was found to have spontaneously disinserted and to have reattached to the globe 9 mm posterior to its normal insertion. PMID- 7125465 TI - Biometric ultrasound in the diagnosis and follow-up of congenital glaucoma. PMID- 7125466 TI - Exudative retinal detachment in Wegener's granulomatosis: case report. AB - We have presented a case of Wegener's granulomatosis with characteristic systemic and ocular manifestations. The diagnosis was determined pathologically by thoracotomy and lung biopsy. Our patient's ocular complications included an intense vitritis, exudative retinal detachment, choroiditis, and other corneoscleral manifestations. Exudative retinal detachment is a finding not previously described clinically, but alluded to in pathologic descriptions from case reports. Both systemic and ocular response were obtained within weeks after the patient started cyclophosphamide and prednisone. In addition to recording this new finding, we have reviewed the pathology and ocular manifestations of this uncommon disorder, outlined a modern therapeutic protocol, and updated the present-day prognosis of Wegener's granulomatosis. PMID- 7125467 TI - Loss of central visual acuity after laser peripheral iridectomy. AB - To our knowledge, this is the first case report wherein visual acuity was lost after peripheral laser iridectomy. Certain facts surrounding this particular event are unusual and may help to broaden our understanding of the mechanism of "snuff". PMID- 7125468 TI - Exophthalmos, global luxation, rapid weight gain: differential diagnosis. AB - Exophthalmos is an uncommon finding in the clinical setting; exophthalmos with global luxation is distinctly rare. Although the differential diagnosis of exophthalmos can be extensive, the most common causes are thyroid dysfunction and orbital neoplasia. We recently encountered a patient with exophthalmos and global luxation, the onset of which coincided with a weight gain of 45.5 kg (100 lb). An extensive evaluation failed to show any of the common states associated with either exophthalmos or global luxation. The ocular problems resolved with weight reduction only; the cause of both problems seems to have been the deposition of fat in the orbital fat pads. We found two previous reports of this condition in the older medical literature, with minimal clinical evaluations. Our patient was thoroughly studied to clarify the pathophysiologic characteristics of this unusual clinical appearance, and we reviewed the causes of exophthalmos and global luxation. PMID- 7125470 TI - A modern experience with couching for cataract. PMID- 7125469 TI - Correlation of ocular findings and plain skull roentgenogram in pituitary adenoma. AB - A review of the conditions of 44 consecutive patients diagnosed as having pituitary tumor is presented. In none of those with abnormal visual acuity, visual field defect, or extraocular muscle palsy was the plain skull roentgenogram normal. In all but one patient who had an abnormality on ocular examination), there was erosion of the clinoids on the plain lateral skull roentgenogram and, in that one patient, erosion was found on the side of the visual loss by the use of tomography. Based on these observations, we have stressed primarily the early use of simple plain skull roentgenograms in the evaluation of the conditions of patients with unexplained visual loss or extraocular movement palsy. We have also presented a scheme for evaluation of the conditions and the follow-up of patients suspected of having pituitary tumors. PMID- 7125471 TI - Orbital emphysema complicated by acute central retinal artery occlusion: case report and treatment. AB - Orbital emphysema is a well-known clinical entity that has been considered benign and requiring no treatment. A case of marked orbital emphysema with simultaneous central retinal artery occlusion is described. The prompt relief of this occlusion following aspiration of air from the orbit suggests that orbital emphysema is an unreported cause of central retinal artery occlusion. PMID- 7125472 TI - Computed tomographic scanning for locating an emplaced plastic orbital plate. AB - An emplaced plastic plate was demonstrated by computed tomographic scanning five years after surgical implantation because of fracture of the orbital floor, proving that it had remained in proper position and that the patient's complaints were unrelated to its presence in the orbit. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first instance in which this method had been used intentionally to achieve noninvasive localization of an orbital plastic plate. It is a valuable and accurate adjunct in ascertaining possible migration or early extension of the emplaced implant. PMID- 7125473 TI - Corneal sensitivity after percutaneous radiofrequency trigeminal rhizotomy: a quantitative study. AB - Using the Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer, we evaluated the corneal sensation in 13 patients with trigeminal neuralgia. We compared the preoperative and postoperative results after the trigeminal rhizotomy in a quantitative study. Of 13 patients who underwent operation, a decrease in corneal sensation developed compared with the eye that was not operated on in five patients. This decrease in sensitivity was not suggested by clinical symptoms or signs, and up to 23 months of follow-up failed to reveal any clinical symptoms. The failure to manifested clinical corneal symptoms in the follow-up period may result from the selective fiber destruction technique employed in radiofrequency rhizotomy with preservation of other myelinated nerves maintaining corneal nutrition. PMID- 7125474 TI - Part I. Patient administration of eyedrops: interview. AB - Interviews of 141 patients were conducted to determine their use of eyedrops. This study indicates a need to improve patient instruction concerning drug compliance and proper time scheduling of eyedrop treatments. PMID- 7125475 TI - Penetrating orbital injury caused by an "Afro comb'. PMID- 7125476 TI - Transient high myopia in systemic lupus erythematosus associated with anasarca. AB - An 18-year-old woman with generalized vascular decompensation secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus had transient myopia of greater than 10 diopters. Myopia disappeared after resolution of the vascular decompensation and anasarca. PMID- 7125477 TI - Choroidal malignant melanoma with liver metastasis before enucleation. AB - A case of a relatively small ocular malignant choroidal spindle B-type melanoma showed evidence of metastasis at the time of diagnosis of the initial primary tumor. We believe that, for two reasons, the true incidence of metastatic disease at the time of initial diagnosis of choroidal malignant melanoma is not known incomplete workup at the time of diagnosis, and the high percentage of false negative results of common tests for detecting metastasis. We believe that all patients with the diagnosis of malignant melanoma should have at least a complete physical examination, liver function tests, liver--spleen scan, bone scan, and chest roentgenogram. If enucleation is performed, it should be done as atraumatically as possible. Some aspects of treatment are controversial. Unfortunately, not enough data regarding malignant melanoma or its metastasis are known to recommended with confidence the best method for treating either condition. PMID- 7125478 TI - [Facial nerve anatomy in neonates. Second and third parts : Surgical applications]. AB - Anatomy of the second and third parts of the facial nerve in the neonatal period was studied by dissection of 15 cadavers. A particular feature was the shortness of the 3rd portion, due to the absence of development of the mastoid. The facial nerve lies an average of 2.4 mm below the antral floor, close to the vertical portion of its posterior border. The stylomastoid foramen is situated on the external surface of the mastoid rudiment, masked by the anterior border of the digastric muscle. Though surgery is rarely indicated, the characteristic features of facial nerve anatomy in neonates should be known. PMID- 7125479 TI - [Meningo-encephalic complications of sinusitis. 29 cases ]. AB - On the basis of 29 cases of meningo-cephalic complications of sinusitis, the authors evaluate the following ; the type of sinusitis responsible, emphasising the fact that in contrast to classical concept maxillary sinusitis was responsible equally as often as frontal sinusitis. Amongst abcesses, the predominant cause is the streptococcus. Cases of meningitis are dominated by the pneumococcus, which cases obviously the gravest bacteriological aetiology. Finally, amongst the 3 cases of thrombophlebitis reported, there were two blood cultures positive for staphylococci. In the light of these bacteriological data, the authors emphasise the need for appropriate antibiotic therapy in acute and chronic sinusitis. PMID- 7125480 TI - [The parathyroid risk in thyroidectomy]. AB - The authors report their experience of parathyroid risk in thyroid surgery on the basis of 1 188 thyroidectomies performed between 1973 and 1980. The benign thyroid pathology, the risk is negligeable, approximately 1%, though with the exception of operations for recurrence. In malignant tumour pathology, amongst 98 carcinomas treated by total thyroidectomy and mediastino-recurrent laryngeal lymph node dissection, the authors report an overall percentage of definitive major hypocalcaemia of 22.5%. Routine identification of the parathyroids at the start of the operation, at least on the healthy side, and care not to damage their vascular supply has made it possible to reduce the rate of hypoparathyroidism to 10% in the past two years. A study of anatomical dissection of 200 parathyroid glands with vascular injection is reported in the preamble. Finally, the authors analyse in the literature the results of parathyroid transplant and report their own experience. PMID- 7125481 TI - [Bacteria seen in acute otitis media in children hospitalised for infectious diseases]. AB - The authors draw the following conclusion on the basis of 85 cases of children hospitalised for infectious diseases : -amongst childhood infectious diseases, measles between the ages of 7 and 14 is most commonly associated with complications in the form of otitis (50 as against 19 other diseases). Staphylococcus aureus was the dominant organism in measles otitis, but in addition to a particular affinity of this organism for measles, it is also necessary to bear in mind contamination by hospital flora, amongst which staphylococci are especially representative, in view of the late development of the otitis and the multiresistance of staphylococci isolated after the 4th day of admission. -Bacteria seen in other exanthematous fevers were more varied but if there is not rapid cure of the otitis, the generally sensitive flora is replaced by a multiresistant hospital flora, once again dominated by staphylococcus aureus and Gram negative bacilli. - The role played by such flora was seen to occur particularly on the 4th day of hospitalization, implying a twofold increase in the period of hospitalisation when compared with cases where paracentesis was performed before this time. PMID- 7125482 TI - [The posterior manubrial ligament]. AB - The posterior manubrial ligament is part of the suspensory ligamentous system of the ossicles, and extends backwards from the posterosuperior spine of the tympanic notch to the postero-internal portion of the manubrium just below the neck of the malleus. It lies in relation to structures in the posterosuperior region of the tympanic barrier to downwards extension of epitympanic recess lesions during chronic otitis. PMID- 7125483 TI - [Prevention of post-irradiation xerostomia by submaxillary gland transposition]. AB - Transposition of the contralateral submaxillary gland to the submental region is proposed as a method for preventing asialia following salivary gland irradiation during radiotherapy for oropharyngeal cancer. Good results were obtained in the majority of cases treated, salivary secretion being conserved, as confirmed by scintigraphy, but the method should be reserved for patients with oropharyngeal cancer without lymph node metastases on the contralateral side. PMID- 7125484 TI - [Hydatid cyst of the neck. One case]. AB - Hydatid cyst presents rarely as a cervical tumour and otorhinolaryngological and maxillofacial sites of hydatid disease remain very rare. The authors report a case of hydatid cyst of the neck in a patient with multifocal hydatid disease. This cyst developed in the soft tissue of the neck within lymph node tissue without any connection with the parotid, thyroid nor muscles. Treatment consisted of pericystectomy after destruction of the parasite using a formal solution. A cyst of the right lung had been treated one month earlier during a first operative stage. Long term surveillance of such patients relies upon serology. PMID- 7125485 TI - [Therapeutic study of efficiency and tolerance of bacampicine used in oto-rhino laryngology]. AB - High dose Bacampicin given alone to 50 patients for obvious clinical manifestation of severe ENT infections proved most satisfactory, with rapid improvement in physical and general conditions. Samples from 21 patients showed presence of germs, all being sensitive to Bacampicin. No sign of intolerance was noted. It follows from this result that in cases with patent signs of severe ENT infections, 800 mg Bacampicin given along morning and evening provides an effective and well tolerated treatment. PMID- 7125487 TI - [Atopy and associated diseases]. AB - In this study of the literature, the authors review the possible association between atopy and other conditions. The mostly reported observations are related to atopic dermatitis, but there is also some real relationship with respiratory allergy: this is true for mucoviscidosis. Some association are significant and interesting from the pathogenetic point of view: they may be classified under three headings (digestive and renal diseases, immunologic disturbances). Therefore, this study refers to intestinal absorption disturbance, gluten sensitive enteropathy, dermatitis herpetiformis, colic diseases, and also to glomerulopathies, immediate and delayed hypersensitivity deficiency and polymorphonuclear functional deficiency. Other associations do exist, but the low number of cases and the absence of a common pathogenesis allow no conclusion to be drawn (ectodermal anidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, Dubowitz syndrome). Some of them are certainly only fortuitous: this should be more definitely established by later studies. Some diseases may be accompanied by an eczematiform dermatitis (phenylketonuria, anomalies of histidin metabolism). Frequency of associations with alopecia areata and dominant ichthyosis vulgaris is also discussed. This review gives the possibility of emphasizing the absence of statistically significant hematopathic evolution of atopic dermatitis and calls attention on the Wiskott-Aldrich-syndrome as a model for the studies on atopy. PMID- 7125486 TI - [Papular mucinosis associated with lupus erythematosus. A case presentation and review of the literature]. AB - A 36-year-old woman presented with a widespread papulonodular eruption followed by cutaneous and systemic manifestations of lupus erythematosus. Both conditions, papular mucinosis and lupus erythematosus were investigated by histopathology, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Referring to seven other cases reported in the literature, the possible relationship between lupus erythematosus and cutaneous mucinosis is discussed. It seemed that the cutaneous deposits of mucine were secondary to lupus erythematosus and not a simultaneous occurrence of the two diseases. PMID- 7125488 TI - [Premalignant fibroepithelial tumors of Pinkus and previous irradiation: report of a survey of 20 patients]. AB - The search for previous irradiation was done: in nine of the twenty cases radiotherapy or repeated roentgenograms are found, usually twenty years before the start of fibroepithelial tumour. In one case, there was ingestion of arsenic for psoriasis. But in ten cases, no antecedent of irradiation are found (but the interrogatory was sometimes difficult). So it appears that previous irradiation, if it helps starting of fibroepithelial tumour, is not necessary, and the further evolution is the same, with or without irradiation. PMID- 7125489 TI - [Therapeutic assessment and side-effects of the aromatic retinoid on the nail apparatus]. AB - Therapeutic benefits from aromatic retinoid have been described in the treatment of a variety of dermatological disorders. Stress is given on some of them which coexist with ungual abnormalities and the results are reported. These diseases include psoriasis, acropustulosis, keratosis lichenoides chronica. Drug-induced modifications of the epidermal structures of the nail apparatus are emphasized: fragility with onychorrhexis and onychoschizia is the commonest finding. Onychomadesis and nail shedding can be seen. Onycholysis is rare. Painful paronychia which is sometimes accompanied by granulation tissue and ingrowing nails is the most interesting alteration due to this synthetic retinoid and as yet unexplained. PMID- 7125490 TI - [Association of an uncombable hair syndrome and Wilson disease]. PMID- 7125491 TI - Morphological and biological features of Trypanosoma (Herpetosoma) mariae Mello, 1978 in experimentally infected Calomys callosus. AB - In this paper some observations on the biology of Trypanosoma (Herpatosoma) mariae, Mello, 1978 are presented. The experiments were carried out in Calomys callosus (Rodentia), reservoir of this parasite. The prepatent period varied from 6.6-10.5 days and the patent infection varied from 38-141 days. Amastigote forms in divisions were seen mainly among the cellular spaces of the spleen. Only trypomastigote forms were seen in the blood stream. Measurements of these forms showed that the total length varied with the course of the infection. PMID- 7125492 TI - Neoapocreadium chabaudi sp. n. (Apocreadiidae) and Schikhobalotrema acuta (Linton, 1910) (Haplosplanchnidae) trematodes parasites of marine fishes in Brazil. AB - Neoapocreadium chabaudi sp. n. (Digenea, Apocreadiidae) is described from the intestine of a marine fish Stephanolepis hispidus from Brazil, and the genus Schikhobalotrema Skrjabin & Guschanskaja, 1955 represented by its type species S. acuta (Linton, 1910) Skrjabin and Guschanskaja, 1955, is for the first time reported from the intestine of Strongylura marina in Brazil. N. chabaudi sp. n. is more closely related to N. angustum (Sogandares-Bernal, 1959) from which differs mainly in the size of the eggs, by the presence of intercecal vitelline follicles in the region between the testes and acetabulum, and by the large genital atrium. PMID- 7125493 TI - Oswaldofilaria spp. (Filarioidea, Nematoda) in Australian agamid lizards with a description of a new species and a redescription of O. chlamydosauri (Breinl). AB - Oswaldofilaria samfordensis n.sp. is described from Physignathus lesueurii and a redescription of O. chlamydosauri (Breinl, 1913) from Chlamydosaurus kingii and Amphibolurus barbatus is given. O. pflugfelderi (Frank, 1964) is confirmed as a valid species. A key is added to separate the four Australian species in the genus. Gonocephalus boydii was recorded as a new host for O innisfailensis (Mackerras, 1962). A survey involving fifty specimens of P. lesueurii from South Queensland revealed that multiple infections with different filarioids are common and can include up to three different species in one individual animal. Pseudothamugadia physignathi (Johnston, 1912) (Splendidofilariinae) was the filarioid most frequently found, followed by O. Samfordensis and O. pflugfelderi PMID- 7125494 TI - [On the phenology of the flea Xenopsylla cunicularis Smit, 1957 (Siphonaptera, Pulicidae) parasite of the European rabbit]. AB - A population of Xenopsylla cunicularis parasite on the European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus was studied monthly during the year 1977 in the South-West of France. The large-scale emergence of adults take place at the beginning of summer. A major part of them is then found in the soil of the burrows. Reproduction lease at the beginning of autumn which is marked by a great mortality. Some fleas persisted in winter, and they are found on the hosts. The annual cycle of X. cunicularis is compared with that of Spilopsyllus cuniculi and the epidemiological interest is laid stress on. PMID- 7125495 TI - [Ctenocephalides chabaudi, sp. n. (Siphonaptera, Pulicidae), a new flea from the primary forest in Gabon]. AB - Ctenocephalides chabaudi sp. n. is described from the primary forest in Gabon. The holotype and only specimen is a female characterized by its ctenidia, its genal process, the pattern of setae on abdominal tergites and by its spermatheca. The host, presumably accidental, is Cephalophus dorsalis (Mammalia, Bovidae). PMID- 7125496 TI - [Observations with scanning on the family Spinturnicidae (Acarina, Mesostigmata). II--Ultrastructure of the tarsal organ]. AB - The study of tarsal organ in 4 genus of the family Spinturnicidae show generic differences usable in taxonomy. It is possible to propose a fundamental model with 9 setae and a microcup containing 3 microsetae for an advanced Spinturnicidae (genus Spinturnix). Four setae secrete a substance through microhole located in furrows. In this hypothesis on the evolution of the family, the genus Eyndhovenia would be less advanced than genus Spinturnix but more than genus Periglischrus, genus Periglischrus show a sketch of microcup with only 2 microsetae. Genus Paraperiglischrus would be the most primitive with only 7 setae and without microcup. A more complete study, will be possible when we shall have finished our observations on the other genus of the family. PMID- 7125498 TI - Evidence of haplodiploidy in pharyngodonid (Nematoda: Oxyuroidea) parasites of Testudo graeca. PMID- 7125497 TI - [Leptosphaeria (?) senegalensis, Segretain, Baylet, Darasse et Camain. Perithecia and asci. II. Asci and ascospores]. AB - The ascal wall of Leptosphaeria senegalensis typically belongs to the bitunicate type; in its fin al state it comprises an exoascus separated from the endoascus by a clear space. The three-layered endoascus is formed of fibrillae whose most internal are accordion-like folded. The ascospores have a complex wall; from the interior to the exterior it comprises: an endospore, an irregularity thickened epispore, a perispore, and an ectospore thickened in a cap at the posterior end of the spore. The comparison of ascospores of two "real" Leptosphaeria (L. acuta et L. maculans) with those of L. senegalensis shows that the latter species must no longer be included in the genus Leptosphaeria. PMID- 7125499 TI - [Diagnostic discussion of anemia in a pediatric patient]. PMID- 7125500 TI - [Scoliosis]. PMID- 7125501 TI - [Common atrioventricular canal with tetralogy of Fallot. Results of surgical repair. A review of four case-reports]. PMID- 7125502 TI - [A simple method for monitoring psychological and motor development in children from three to six years of age: the Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST)]. PMID- 7125503 TI - [Oculo-auriculo-vertebral dysplasia (Goldenhar syndrome). Three observations in infants]. PMID- 7125504 TI - [Increased incidence of tuberculosis (detected bacteriologically) in children, in the Montpellier area, in 1979 and 1980]. PMID- 7125505 TI - [Objectives and limitations of the current management of atopic dermatitis in the pediatric age group]. PMID- 7125508 TI - [Value of computerized axial tomography in Leigh disease. One case]. PMID- 7125506 TI - [Control of hyperthermia in young children with paracetamol oral solution]. PMID- 7125507 TI - [Centronuclear myopathy. Report of a new case]. PMID- 7125509 TI - [Familial multicentric osteolysis with recessive transmission. Four cases in a family]. PMID- 7125511 TI - The early treatment of orbital anomalies through craniofacial surgery. PMID- 7125510 TI - Bilateral labiopalatoschisis--early closing of the osseous fissure through free graft of periosteum in one stage. PMID- 7125512 TI - Correction of saddle nose deformities by costal cartilage grafts--a technique. PMID- 7125513 TI - Superselective embolization and immediate surgical treatment: our present approach to treatment of large vascular hemangiomas of the face. PMID- 7125514 TI - Steroid hormone receptors in female breast angiosarcomas. AB - Breast angiosarcoma is an extremely rare neoplasm usually affecting premenopausal women. Previous reports suggest that it is hormone-dependent. A case of primary breast angiosarcoma in a 16-year-old patient is presented in which the presence of estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone receptors was investigated. The histological findings initially revealed a simple angioma, but four months later the histological picture had completely changed, showing an angiosarcoma. Our data indicate a lack of receptors for steroid hormones in this tumor, which argues against the hypothesis presented in the literature. PMID- 7125515 TI - One-stage repair of hypospadias: preputial island flap technique. AB - In the course of treating more than 700 patients at a center that sees most of the malformative pathology of central and southern Italy (Ospedale Bambino Gesu of Rome), we devised and refined a technique for the repair of hypospadias. It involves use of the external leaf of the prepuce for reconstruction of the missing urethral canal. Careful dissection of the neurovascular bundle of the dorsum of the penis that nourishes the isolated flap of preputial skin renders the flap completely mobile. The concept if island flaps is well known in plastic surgery for lesions in other areas, but we do not believe it has yet been applied in the treatment of hypospadias. The one-stage island flap technique is described and its application discussed in the various forms of hypospadias. PMID- 7125516 TI - Tibial periosteal graft in repair of cleft lip and palate. PMID- 7125517 TI - Cytofilaments and fibroblast junctions in the benign proliferation of connective tissue. AB - Benign proliferative patterns of connective tissue in the dermatofibroma are investigated. Neoplastic fibroblasts are similar to so-called myofibroblasts. However, filaments are the prevalent filamentous component, while microfilaments and microtubules are present in limited amounts. In addition, no junctions are observed between adjacent cells. Typical mast cells and histiocytes are rarely observed. This report adds evidence of the similarity between the neoplastic and inflammatory patterns of fibroblastic proliferation, and suggests that the proliferation of the active fibroblast of the dermatofibroma (viewed as an intermediate cell between the common fibroblast and the myofibroblast) does not lead to the development of a homodynamic system. It also confirms that this tumor may exist in a stable condition. PMID- 7125518 TI - Reconstruction in traumatic avulsion of penile and scrotal skin. PMID- 7125519 TI - Nasal correction in cleft lip and palate--a technical refinement. PMID- 7125522 TI - Breast reconstruction with dermofat flaps after subcutaneous mastectomy. AB - Several techniques have been proposed for reconstruction of the breast after mastectomy. The authors present their experience with 19 patients; dermofat flaps were the preferred procedure. The authors discuss their technique of preparing and modeling the flaps, as well as some modifications and the possibility of using silicone prostheses. The limitations of the technique are reduced dimensions of the reconstructed breast, large and sometimes evident scars, and the difficulty or impossibility of performing the procedure on thin patients. The results are deemed positive, and the incidence of complications low. The authors consider the method a valid alternative to the use of prostheses in reconstruction after subcutaneous mastectomy. PMID- 7125521 TI - The role of granulation tissue in the formation of hypertrophic scarring in burn lesions. PMID- 7125520 TI - Voltamperometric evaluation of postsurgical edema. PMID- 7125523 TI - Technical considerations using the Horton-Devine technique in distal hypospadias. PMID- 7125524 TI - Cryotherapy in the treatment of some facial nevi. PMID- 7125526 TI - Antigenic properties of human skin: anticomplementary effects developed in vitro on human sera by allogeneic extracts of normal and burned skin. PMID- 7125525 TI - Variation in acute phlogistic reactions in the skin of rabbit fetuses. AB - There is little in the literature on cutaneous inflammatory reactions in mammal fetuses. The subject now has practical import since advances in medical science allow surgical intervention in premature infants. A study was performed on 45 rabbit fetuses. They were inoculated in the derma of the dorsum with 0.01 ml of a 1% solution of carrageenan, a strong inflammatory drug. Treatment was performed on the nineteenth, twenty-third, and twenty-seventh days of pregnancy. Two rabbits were treated twenty-four hours after birth, and 6 adult rabbits were treated. Histological examination and a count of inflammatory cells were performed on each fetus. The results showed that, during fetal life, the cellular inflammatory reaction is low in the earliest stages but increases gradually during gestation. It is only after birth that there is a great increase, and even then the level remains lower than in adults. PMID- 7125527 TI - Experience with trapezius and tensor fascia lata myocutaneous flaps. PMID- 7125528 TI - [Parathyroid autotransplantation in patients undergoing hemodialysis for renal insufficiency. Attempts to modulate secretion. First results of forty-five cases ]. PMID- 7125529 TI - [Retroperitoneal tumors in adults. Eleven cases ]. PMID- 7125530 TI - [Thrombo-embolic pathology and deep venous thrombosis. The surgical management of twelve cases ]. PMID- 7125532 TI - [Dermatomyositis and cancer of the colon - Review of the literature in relation to a case report ]. PMID- 7125531 TI - [Hemophilic pseudotumor of the ilium. A case report of successful surgical management ]. PMID- 7125533 TI - [Supracondylar fractures in children, treatment techniques and indications ]. PMID- 7125534 TI - [Clear-cell chondrosarcoma. Four cases ]. PMID- 7125536 TI - [Choleperitoneum following perforation of the liver. The role of the vasa aberrantia ]. PMID- 7125535 TI - [A double hernia of the diaphragm. Discussion of the congenital or traumatic origin. Case report ]. PMID- 7125537 TI - [The use of cefazolin to prevent infectious complications in biliary and gastro duodenal surgery ]. PMID- 7125538 TI - [Prosthetic management of congenital malformations of the limbs in children]. PMID- 7125540 TI - [Anastomotic ulcers after colic esophagoplasty]. PMID- 7125539 TI - [Vascular complications of simple anterior dislocations of the shoulder. Three cases]. PMID- 7125541 TI - [Adenocarcinoma of the appendix. Eleven new cases]. PMID- 7125542 TI - [Villous adenoma of the appendix]. PMID- 7125543 TI - [Clinical and bacteriological appreciation of antibioprophylaxy in colorectal surgery]. PMID- 7125544 TI - [Complications of cholecystostomy]. PMID- 7125545 TI - [Primary aldosteronism. Ten cases of resected tumors]. PMID- 7125546 TI - [Benign and malignant neurogenic tumors of the duodenum and the duodenojejunal junction. Three cases]. PMID- 7125547 TI - [Development of the tail of the pancreas preserved without ligation or anastomosis of the excretory canal after pancreatectomy in dogs]. PMID- 7125548 TI - [The imprisoning of the axillary artery between the head of the humerus and the anterior edge of the glenoid cavity. An unusual vascular complication of shoulder dislocation. One case]. PMID- 7125550 TI - [A computer card for ovarian cancer ]. PMID- 7125549 TI - [Latent adrenocortical carcinoma ]. PMID- 7125551 TI - [Temporary epiphyseal stapling of the lower limbs in children suffering from Blount's disease. An experimental study based on a hundred and sixty cases ]. PMID- 7125554 TI - [Obstructive jaundice caused by multiple stones in the cystic duct. Ten cases ]. PMID- 7125553 TI - [The respective indications of temporary colostomy or immediate resection in emergency colon surgery. Seventy four cases ]. PMID- 7125555 TI - [Transorificial intubation with direct neutralization of the digestive juices in cases of gastric or duodenal lesions. Principle and application of a new treatment for severe postoperative peritonitis of a gastric or duodenal origin (twenty-one cases) ]. PMID- 7125552 TI - [Colovesical fistula arising from diverticulitis. Diagnosis and therapy. Seventeen cases ]. PMID- 7125556 TI - [Rupture of the gallbladder by blunt abdominal trauma ]. PMID- 7125557 TI - [A new case of volvulus of the gallbladder ]. PMID- 7125558 TI - [Laparotomy, an exceptional procedure in the treatment of very serious cases of peritonitis ]. PMID- 7125559 TI - [Usefulness of simultaneous phonocardiographic and echo-cardiographic recordings]. PMID- 7125560 TI - [Contributions of echocardiography in coronary disease]. PMID- 7125561 TI - [Estimation by exercise testing of the severity of coronary lesions. Analysis of clinical, electrocardiographic, and hemodynamic data, and myocardial Thallium-201 scintillation scanning]. PMID- 7125562 TI - [Review of the signification of elevated S-T segments other than myocardial infarction during stress testing]. PMID- 7125563 TI - [Disorders of glycoregulation and cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 7125564 TI - [Specificity of coronary disease in diabetics]. PMID- 7125565 TI - [Diabetic cardiomyopathies]. PMID- 7125566 TI - [Cardiac neuropathy and diabetes]. PMID- 7125567 TI - [Autonomic diabetic neuropathy and nitrate derivatives]. PMID- 7125568 TI - [Diabetic macroangiopathy in Senegalese]. PMID- 7125569 TI - Urinary incontinence in old age. AB - Urinary incontinence is a common problem in old age, particularly among geriatric patients. Previous studies have shown an incidence of about 10% among old people in the community and about 30% among patients in nursing homes. The treatment so far has mainly been by catheter a demeure or napkins. In 1979 a study among 100 incontinent nursing home patients in Oslo was undertaken with the special intention to obtain correct classification and optimal treatment of the incontinence. The history in these cases was often misleading. Urodynamic investigations were therefore performed to obtain objective assessment. It appeared that most of the patients suffered from several conditions in their lower urinary tract which could be responsible for the incontinence. The results of treatment were acceptable as 38% of the patients became continent, 30% were improved whereas only 30% remained unchanged. It is concluded that urodynamic investigations are necessary to obtain a correct and differentiated diagnosis. If this is done appropriate treatment can be given. A plea is therefore made for using simultaneous urethrocystometry as a routine investigation in elderly patients with urinary incontinence. PMID- 7125570 TI - Urinary fistulae caused by gynaecological therapy seen in one urological unit. AB - 37 urinary fistulae caused by gynaecological operations and radiotherapy were analyzed. The original disease was malignant in 24 cases and benign in 13 cases. The cause of the fistula was simple hysterectomy in 11 cases, radical hysterectomy in 5 cases, irradiation for pelvic malignancy and irradiation in 5 cases, vaginal operation in 5 cases, infection in 1 case and difficult labour in 1 case. 14 fistulae were closed transabdominally, 6 fistulae were closed transvaginally and 5 fistulae healed by conservative therapy. It was possible to close 2 of the 5 postradiation complex vesicovaginorectal fistulae. 22 patients left the hospital dry voiding via the urethra. Despite successful closure of the fistula 4 patients remained partially or totally incontinent. Using various forms of urinary and intestinal diversion procedures the social performance and quality of life of the patients unsuitable for functional closure of the fistula could be greatly improved. PMID- 7125571 TI - Treatment of postprostatectomy incontinence. AB - Every surgeon who is involved in prostatic surgery should have a good knowledge of the anatomy and the physiology of the urinary bladder and the sphincter system in male. The cause and the treatment of postprostatectomy incontinence is discussed in detail. The expectancy time in postprostatectomy incontinence is recommended to be long enough (1-1 1/2 years) because this harmful complication of 1-2 degree leaks in 85% within a year. So far the operative treatment of 2-3 grade postoperative incontinence is limited to the use of Scott prosthesis where the success rate varies according to different authors from 60 to 85% in 5 years observation time. PMID- 7125572 TI - External sphincterotomy in patients with spinal cord injury. AB - Urological evaluation was performed on 63 spinal cord injury patients with micturition difficulties or repeated urinary tract infections. Detrusor external sphincter dyssynergia of varying degree was found in 36/63 (57%) of these patients with urological problems, and 15/36 (42%) of them were estimated to benefit by external sphincterotomy. Sphincterotomy was carried out in 11 patients. The effect on micturition problems was good, but intermittent bacteriuria continued despite the operation. However, marked febrile urinary tract infections appeared to subside. PMID- 7125573 TI - External sphincterotomy in functional urinary bladder outlet obstruction. AB - Transurethral external sphincterotomy was performed in 36 male and 2 female patients with obstructive symptoms. The patients were studied with synchronous pressure-flow-electromyography investigations. They all had hypoactive bladders without organic obstruction, as determined by urethroscopy, micturition urethrocystography, urethral pressure profile and sphincterometry. 11 patients had urinary retention. Sphincterotomy was done at the 12 o'clock position. Voiding improved in 33 (91%) of the 36 male patients. During the follow-up time, 7 patients were reoperated with altogether 15 sphincterotomies, most often within 3 months after the first sphincterotomy. Transurethral resection of the prostate was done in 4 patients, with resultant incontinence in one case. In one female patient several sphincterotomies as well as bladder neck resections provided only temporary improvement necessitating clean intermittent self-catheterization. External sphincterotomy is a suitable and effective method for male patients with functional urinary disorders without organic obstruction. PMID- 7125574 TI - Evaluation of a quantitative solid phase reagent system for determination of blood analytes. Experiences with the analytes: LDH, bilirubin, BUN, glucose, and uric acid. AB - In the first part of the Seralyzer system evaluation the precision and accuracy was studied with a total of 1245 clinical specimens, various commercial control sera, and pooled human sera. The calculated overall precision (between-run, and within-run) and day-to-day precision (% CV) was found to be within 3.0 to 5.4 for glucose, 2.8 to 7.1 for BUN, 1.5 to 6.2 for uric acid, 5.3 to 7.5 for bilirubin, and 3.2 to 8.6 for LDH. The clinical values are in agreement with values from respective comparative methods, as indicated by the regression statistics. The analysis of Seralyzer accuracy data using quality control sera showed in some cases a between-method difference. Supporting studies simulating additional important clinical situations showed that the clinical values for BUN, glucose, and uric acid of approximately 200 specimens from the emergency ward correlated with the respective comparative method values. In this phase of the study we verified that the instrument calibration was stable for a 24-hour period and that there is no effect of module (test) change on precision of Seralyzer determinations. The intra- and inter-laboratory performance in general practitioners' laboratories could be demonstrated using quality control sera. PMID- 7125575 TI - A theoretical study of carryover in discrete and continuous-flow systems. PMID- 7125576 TI - Increased hepatic iron stores in the human fetus after maternal total dose infusion of iron dextran. PMID- 7125577 TI - Automated and manual use of a sensitive reagent for the determination of chloride in biological fluids. PMID- 7125579 TI - Decision theory in the clinical laboratory: principles and applications. PMID- 7125578 TI - Human plasma lipoproteins: biochemical and clinical aspects. PMID- 7125580 TI - Definitive methods--reference methods (absolute methods?): their important impact on clinical chemistry. PMID- 7125582 TI - A birth-to-maturity longitudinal study of heights and weights in two West African (Gambian) villages, 1951-1975. AB - Records of heights and weights kept for more than 25 years for two neighbouring Gambian villages have been used to describe the pattern of growth. There was no secular trend in height. Children who died during the investigation were smaller and lighter than the survivors, but the interval between the last available dry season measurement and death was not associated with the degree of deficit in height and weight. The presence of seasonal variation in the rates of growth in height and weight was shown, the lowest rates occurring during late rains (August to November). Height growth curves from the age of 5 to 23-25 years were fitted for 55 boys and 62 girls. The curves indicate that puberty is much delayed in Gambian adolescents in comparison to British and West Bengal data. The mean age at peak height velocity (PHV) was 16.3 and 13.8 years for boys and girls respectively. The corresponding velocities were 6.9 and 6.0 cm/yr. In girls but not in boys there was a significant negative correlation (-0.46) between the age at PHV and PHV itself. There was no significant correlation between the age at PHV and adult height. Comparison with British data suggests that growth patterns in the Gambian villages are characterized by the substantial deficits in both height and weight that develop in early life and which appear to persist without rectification into adulthood. PMID- 7125581 TI - Advantages of the application of a desk-top computer for calculations in radioimmunoassay. PMID- 7125584 TI - HLA antigens and growth in diabetic children. AB - HLA types in 121 diabetic children in Newcastle are examined in relation to their growth records. The children's height at the onset of diabetes was normal, but fell away during the course of the disease; there was low mean height velocity and failure of bone development to keep pace with chronological age. The total series shows the expected excess of HLA antigens B8, B15 and Cw3 and deficit of B7. Children with B8 are of smaller stature adjusted for bone age than those without the antigen, while children with B7 appear to do better. The results suggest that within the diabetic spectrum of genotypes the HLA antigens are relevant to growth and development. PMID- 7125583 TI - Sexual maturation of Jerusalem schoolgirls and its association with socio economic factors and ethnic group. AB - A status quo study was undertaken in Jerusalem, Israel in 1977 in order to determine the mean age of attainment of breast stages 2 and 3 (B2 and B3), pubic hair stages 2 and 3 (PH2 and PH3), and menarche. A sample of 285 Jewish girls in grades 3 through 8 were examined for signs of pubertal development and questioned about their menarcheal status. The data were analysed by probit analysis. The mean age found for B2 was 10.30 +/- 0.28 years; for B3 was 11.01 +/- 0.16 years; for PH2 was 10.58 +/- 0.22 years; for PH3 was 11.39 +/- 0.11 years; and for menarche was 13.29 +/- 0.45 years. These are the first data available on an Israeli population of mean age of breast and pubic hair development. A trend was found for later mean age of attainment of B2, B3, PH2 and PH3 among girls of the lowest social class (as measured by father's occupation), girls whose mothers were poorly educated, and girls from large families. A trend towards early mean age of attainment of B2 and B3 was found among girls of European-American-Israeli ethnic origin and towards early mean age of attainment of PH2 and PH3 among girls of Near Eastern origin. PMID- 7125585 TI - Interrelationships between anthropometric and serum biochemical variables in children in Papua New Guinea. PMID- 7125587 TI - Relationship of body density and lean body mass to body measurements: application to Indian soldiers of relationships developed for people of European descent. AB - Body density was measured directly in 90 young Indian soldiers from the Gurkha, Rajput and South Indian regiments. Body density was also predicted on the same subjects using skinfold thicknesses as well as other anthropometric measurements. Validity of the regression equations of Pascale, Grossman, Sloan and Frankel (1956), Sloan (1967) and Wilmore and Behnke (1969) was also tested on these Indian soldiers. Lean body mass was estimated directly from another equation of Wilmore and Behnke (1969), where skinfold thicknesses were not involved. The results indicate that all the body density predicting equations underestimate the measured body density, with the equation of Sloan (1967) approximately more closely to the actual value in these ethnic groups. The equation of Wilmore and Behnke (1969) regresses lean body weight from body measurement satisfactorily in all the ethnic groups of this study. PMID- 7125586 TI - The body composition of New Guinean adults in contrasting environments. AB - Anthropometric and body density measurements were made on 105 coastal and 115 highland 17-48 year old New Guinean men and women. The two groups experienced different physical, biological and social environments, the highland group being less exposed to new influences. These New Guineans were short in stature (men 1.61 SD 0.05 m, women 1.52 SD 0.05 m), light in weight (men 57.4 SD 5.0 kg, women 49.4 SD 5.4 kg), lean (men 10 SD 4% fat, women 21 SD 4% fat) and muscular compared with most European populations. Highland men had greater body weights and fat-free masses than coastal men but stature, body density, skinfold thickness and fat mass were similar in the two groups. In the women, there were significant negative correlations of age with body weight, skinfold thicknesses, fat-free mass and fat mass which contrasts with the changes seen in European populations. The correlations of body density with log sigma four skinfolds were low, probably because of the homogeneity of the groups. Body density was reliably estimated in women but not in older men from equations drawn up from samples of Europeans. PMID- 7125588 TI - A note on familial relations in IQ. PMID- 7125589 TI - Findings on stature from two series of longitudinal measures taken 25 years apart. AB - Data for this study were seriatim measures of stature on United States youths of North European ancestry. They were gathered between 1925 and 1932 in Massachusetts and between 1950 and 1957 in Iowa. Statistics from size and velocity analyses for each period were obtained and compared. At age 10 years, mean stature of the 1950-1957 youths exceeded that of the 1925-1932 youths by more than 5.0 cm. It was deduced that less than 2.0 cm of this amount arose from a difference in socioeconomic composition of the samples, and upwards of 3.0 cm from secular increase. In both periods, annual velocity means increased between ages 9 years and 12 years for females and between 11 years and 14 years for males. These increases were greater from the velocity data for 1950-1957 than for 1925-1932. No predictive relationship was found between stature at a pre adolescent age and early occurrence of adolescent peak velocity for stature. PMID- 7125591 TI - A portable sitting height table for field studies. PMID- 7125590 TI - Fat patterning in athletes in relation to ethnic origin and sport. AB - Six skinfold measurements of 92 White, Black and Mexican-American high school varsity female athletes were analysed to identify principal components of fatness and relative fat patterning. As in other athletic and non-athletic samples, two principal components were evident: a first component, accounting for 69% of the variation, was positively related to all skinfold sites, and a second principal component, accounting for 11% of the variation, was correlated positively with extremity sites (particularly lower limb sites) and negatively with trunk sites. The first component (fatness) was significantly related to sport (P less than 0.02) but not ethnicity. The second component (extremity/trunk) was significantly related to ethnicity (P less than 0.01) but not sport. These results, although tentative due to the limited sample size, support our earlier findings on Olympic athletes, i.e., fatness is more influenced by sport and by training than is fat patterning. PMID- 7125592 TI - Studies on the genetic and non-genetic (physiological) variation of human erythrocyte glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase. AB - The thermostability profile of seven different electrophoretic variants of human erythrocyte GOT found in 13 different, unrelated families from a racially heterogeneous population was examined. The five different slow-variant and the two different fast-variant classes could be grouped into four different thermostability classes which were termed unstable, less stable, normal and more stable than normal. The thermostability differences among and within the electrophoretic variant classes permitted differentiation of the 13 individuals possessing an electrophoretic variant phenotype into a total of ten different variants. PMID- 7125593 TI - Genetic polymorphism of coagulation factor XIIIB subunit in Japanese. AB - Genetic polymorphism of coagulation factor XIIIB subunit in Japanese has been described, using a thin-layer agarose gel isoelectric focusing followed by immunofixation. Phenotypes of factor XIIIB subunit were essentially classified into three common patterns A, B and AB. It is estimated that the phenotypes are determined by two codominant alleles. A new rare variant B' has been detected in Japanese. Gene frequencies calculated from 304 individuals showed FXIII-BA = 0.735, FXIII-BB = 0.252 and FXIII-BB' = 0.013, respectively. The distribution of phenotypes fitted the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. PMID- 7125594 TI - Human triploidy: relationship between parental origin of the additional haploid complement and development of partial hydatidiform mole. AB - One hundred and six triploids were ascertained during a study of 1500 consecutive spontaneous abortions. The mechanism of origin of the additional haploid complement was investigated by comparing parental and foetal cytogenetic heteromorphisms and a histopathological examination of each triploid was done in a subsequent blind study. The mechanism of origin of the additional haploid complement was found to be highly correlated with the development of partial hydatidiform mole and with gestational age. All 51 paternally derived triploids in which a pathologic diagnosis could be made were partial moles, whereas only 3 of 15 maternally derived triploids on which a diagnosis could be made were molar. The mean gestational age of the paternally derived triploids was 122 days while that of the maternally derived triploids was only 74 days. It was suggested that the development of partial mole was primarily associated with the presence of two paternal haploid chromosome complements, the association with relatively long gestational ages being a secondary one consequent upon retention of the molar placentae for many weeks after foetal demise. PMID- 7125595 TI - Chiasma derived genetic lengths and recombination fractions: chromosomes 2 and 9. AB - An investigation of chiasms distribution in chromosomes 1, 2 and 9 in the human male has shown that each arm consistently has a characteristic and highly non random distribution of recombination. The chiasma frequencies of chromosome regions corresponding to the major mitotic bands have been used to construct genetic maps under the assumption that there is no chromatid interference or chiasma movement and no difference between meiotic and mitotic band positions. This paper presents genetic lengths and recombination fractions for these bands and for combinations of bands in chromosomes 2 and 9. Our results are particularly useful for relating genetic distance to recombination fraction and for dealing with long stretches of chromosome which cannot easily be analysed by any other techniques. PMID- 7125596 TI - Evolutionary trees and admixture: phylogenetic inference when some populations are hybridized. AB - Maximum likelihood estimation of admixture parameters and divergence times for an evolutionary tree in which some populations may be hybridized is developed. A test of treeness against the alternative of hybridization using a hierarchy of admixture models is proposed as an adjunct to the goodness-of-fit test suggested by Cavalli-Sforza & Piazza (1975). The method is illustrated by an application to gene frequency data from Makiritare Indian villages in southern Venezuela. PMID- 7125597 TI - Exploration and mating range in African Pygmies. AB - The distributions of exploration range and of mating range were studied among Aka Pygmies of the Central African Republic. Exploration range is defined and methods of estimation for single individuals suggested. A simple exponential distribution is found for individual Aka Pygmies, with variation of exploration range (the parameter defining mobility) with sex, age and ethnic affiliation. Distribution of distances from birthplace and place of residence are compared and show modest differences. The frequency of visits to a given place has also been studied. The average distance between birthplaces of mates is very similar to the mean exploration range. Correlations between individual exploration and mating ranges suggest that it is the male who may be choosing a marriage partner among Pygmies. A theory by Boyce, Kuchemann & Harrison (1967) on the relations between "neighbourhood knowledge" and mating distance is inapplicable because of its reliance on the Pareto distribution, which does not apply in the present case, and of other unnecessary assumptions, but the general principle of a close relationship between exploratory activity and mating distance seems valid, at least in the present case. Suggestions are made for causes for the difference between the present distributions and those with other shapes observed in less primitive economies. PMID- 7125598 TI - Design considerations in the estimation of intraclass correlation. AB - The design of family studies to estimate the value of an intraclass correlation coefficient p is considered when ni individuals are to be selected from each of k families, i = 1, 2, ..., k. In particular, the accuracy of a balance design (ni = n, i = 1, 2, ..., k) for estimating p is compared with the accuracy of an unbalanced "natural" design, in which the ni are sampled at random from family size distributions that tend to occur in practice. It is found for two different estimators of p that the balanced design is usually preferable, but only to a small degree if the number of families sampled is greater than 50. PMID- 7125599 TI - Histological effects of a coupled tumor protein antigen on the development of transplanted tumors in C3H/HeJ mice. AB - Two hundred 13 week old male and female C3H/HeJ mice were used to gauge the histological effects of a coupled tumor protein antigen (CTPA) on the development of transplanted tumors in these inbred mice. A group of the animals was transplanted with 2mm3 pieces of neoplastic tissue derived from a single spontaneous adenocarcinoma excised from a retired breeder C3H/HeJ female mouse. One hundred of these transplanted animals were subsequently injected with 0.2 ml of CTPA via a hind foot pad at weekly intervals, while others were left untreated. The transplanted tumors were allowed to develop for six weeks, at which time they were excised both from treated and nontreated animals, prepared according to standard histological techniques and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Examination of the stained tissues revealed numerous chronic inflammatory cells in neoplasms from transplanted CTPA-treated animals. Tissue disruption, lymphocytic infiltration and macrophage-mediated phagocytosis were in evidence. In contrast, analogous tissues from transplanted control mice did not exhibit any manifestations of cellular immunity or chronic inflammation. It would appear, then, that a degree of cell-mediated immunity was induced in animals treated with CTPA. PMID- 7125601 TI - The effect of dithiothreitol on the estrogen receptor. AB - The effects of Dithiothreitol (DTT) on the estrogen receptor molecule were studied. DTT was evaluated for its potential abilities to preserve the integrity of the estrogen receptor. Storage at various extremes of pH was also considered for its possible adverse or positive effect. Cytosol was prepared utilizing rabbit uterus. Six aliquots of the cytosol were stored at 4 degrees C for 15 days. Two samples were adjusted to each pH, 6.0, 7.0, and 8.0, and to one sample of each pH was added DTT, 0.154 mg/ml. Aliquots of stored cytosols were analyzed for estrogen receptor (ER) on day 1, 3, 7, and 15 after adjusting the aliquots to pH 7.4. There was degradation of ER with time; degradation was less with DTT. The degradation also increases with the lower pH. The cytosol stored at 4 degrees C and pH 8.0 with DTT was the best environment in these experiments for stability of ER. PMID- 7125600 TI - Effects of 5-fluorouracil on various melanoma cell metabolisms. Its use for assessing the cold thymidine pool. AB - 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) increases the rate of incorporation of tritiated thymidine (3HTdR) and iododeoxyuridine (125 IUdR) into the cell and its DNA. 5FU has differential effect on metabolism of DNA through its specific action on thymidylate synthetase. Effects of 5FU on the incorporation of other metabolic precursors were studied, as well as the sensitivity of different cells to 5FU. This multiparametric approach enables us to predict the effect of 5FU on a cell type depending on its cold thymidine (TdR) pool size and the permeation of the cell to the drug. Furthermore, 5FU was used as a tool to recognize the difference between the effects of TdR on the 3HTdR and 125IUdR incorporation. Three parameters are superimposed: isotope dilution, inhibition of metabolic activity of the pyrimidine synthesis and metabolic competition between TdR and UdR. The measurement of the TdR pool size of the cell can be obtained using a specific equation, which is a function of the slope of the inhibition curve of the labelled precursors (3HTdR and 125IUdR) incorporation. PMID- 7125603 TI - The role of the limbic system in experiential phenomena of temporal lobe epilepsy. AB - Experiential phenomena occurring in spontaneous seizures or evoked by brain stimulation were reported by 18 of 29 patients with medically intractable temporal lobe epilepsy who were investigated with chronic, stereotaxically implanted intracerebral electrodes. The phenomena mainly consisted of perceptual (visual or auditory) hallucinations or illusions, memory flashbacks, illusions of familiarity, forced thinking, or emotions. Experiential phenomena did not occur unless a seizure discharge or electrical stimulation involved limbic structures. For such phenomena to occur, seizure discharge or electrical stimulation did not have to implicate temporal neocortex. This was true even for perceptual experiential phenomena. Many experiential responses elicited by electrical stimulation, particularly when applied to the amygdala, were not associated with electrical afterdischarge. Limbic activation by seizure discharge or electrical stimulation may add an affective dimension to perceptual and mnemonic data processed by the temporal neocortex, which may be required for endowing them with experiential immediacy. PMID- 7125602 TI - Hormone dependency and the action of tamoxifen in human mammary carcinoma cells. AB - Conditions are described which allow to demonstrate estradiol dependency of proliferation in MCF-7 human mammary carcinoma cells in a reproducible manner. Our results concerning the action of Tamoxifen on the growth of MCF-7 cells differ in two aspects from previous reports: (a) The inhibitory effect of pharmacological doses (10(-7) M) is only obvious if the cells are stimulated by estradiol. (b) In the absence of estradiol, Tamoxifen acts as a weak estrogenic agonist, by stimulating the growth of MCF-7 cells. This finding could imply that premenopausal women should not be treated with Tamoxifen after ovariectomy. PMID- 7125604 TI - Dexamethasone and local cerebral glucose utilization in freeze-traumatized rat brain. AB - Local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) was studied using the 14C-deoxyglucose method in dexamethasone-treated rats with focal cortical freezing lesions. Widespread depression of LCGU, which developed with time after the lesion in untreated animals, was significantly diminished by dexamethasone(0.25 mg/kg/day) started either 6 to 18 hours before or 4 or 24 hours after the lesion. The effect of dexamethasone was most striking in cortical areas of the traumatized hemisphere, where the depression was most profound in untreated animals. Thus, three days after the lesion, average LCGU in these regions was 47% and 72% of normal in untreated and pretreated rats, respectively. Dexamethasone also affected LCGU bilaterally in subcortical structures and in white matter. The results suggest that dexamethasone modified the widespread depression in functional state of the rat brain that developed in response to injury. Since the spatial distribution and time course of the observed changes in LCGU did not parallel those of cerebral edema, these effects of dexamethasone do not appear to be mediated by effects on the edematous process. PMID- 7125605 TI - Pathological features of persistent infantile sleep apnea with reference to the pathology of sudden infant death syndrome. PMID- 7125608 TI - Eleventh annual meeting of the Child Neurology Society. October 7-9, 1982. Salt Lake City, UT. Abstracts. PMID- 7125606 TI - Neurotoxicity of the pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor N-phosphonoacetyl-L aspartate. AB - PALA (N-phosphonoacetyl-L-aspartate) impairs de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis by inhibiting the enzyme aspartate transcarbamylase. During cancer chemotherapy trials the drug was given by weekly intravenous infusion. Seizures developed in 9 (11%) of the first 80 patients to receive a total dose of 9 gm/m2 or more. Seven of the affected patients had structural brain lesions; they developed seizures at a lower total dose (median of 16.4 gm/m2) than the 2 patients without clinically detectable brain lesions (115 to 130 gm/m2). Reversible encephalopathy was observed in 6 (7.5%) additional patients without clinically detectable cause other than PALA. Both seizures and encephalopathy began after the second dose of PALA or later. Experiments in rats demonstrated similar delayed-onset seizures after two or three combined systemic and intracerebral doses of PALA at 4-day intervals. Concurrent administration of uridine or carbamyl aspartate prevented the development of seizures in rats, indicating that pyrimidine starvation of the central nervous system was responsible for PALA neurotoxicity. PMID- 7125607 TI - Biopsy-proved Alzheimer disease presenting as a right parietal lobe syndrome. PMID- 7125609 TI - Uncinate seizures and tumors, a myth reexamined. PMID- 7125611 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid xanthochromia with rifampin. PMID- 7125612 TI - Mania-induced remission of tardive dyskinesia in manic-depressive illness. PMID- 7125610 TI - Drug-induced downbeat nystagmus. PMID- 7125614 TI - [Admixture of related substances in rifampicin preparations and methods for their determination]. AB - Optimal conditions for separation of rifampicin in a thin layer of a sorbent were developed. This allowed one to study the quantitative content of the admixtures of the related substances in the eluates of the respective spots on chromatograms. The possible use of both the spectrophotometric method and the biological agar diffusion method for testing the eluates was shown. The method of phase solubility also provided objective characterization of the purity levels of market rifampicin. A significant increase in the level of the admixtures of the related substances in rifampicin in 150 mg capsules was found on their storage. PMID- 7125615 TI - [Identification of penicillins by a chromatography technic on a thin sorbent layer]. PMID- 7125616 TI - [Antibiotic properties of Pseudomonas cepacia]. AB - The antibiotic activity and some of the physicochemical properties of the pigment produced by P. cepacia 4137 were studied. The pigment was isolated from the medium with chloroform. Preparative chromatography on columns with silica gel and thin-layer chromatography on Silufol plates revealed red-orange and straw-yellow fractions in the composition of the antibiotic. The latter fraction showed a significant antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, fungi and yeasts. The red fraction was inferior to the yellow one with respect to its antimicrobial activity. Both substances could be stained with a butanol solution of FeCl3. The absorption maxima of their methanol solutions were observed at 225, 325 and 455 nm with respect to the red fraction and at 220, 330 and 405 with respect to the yellow fraction. The elemental analysis of a more highly purified red fraction showed the following: C 54.10, H 6.85, N 7.93 and O 31.12. It is suggested that the substances are derivatives of hydroxyphenazine carboxylic acids. PMID- 7125613 TI - [Isolation and study of a new antitumor antibiotic produced by a Str. coerulescens 1072 culture]. PMID- 7125617 TI - [Effect of temperature on the kinetics of the oxytetracycline biosynthesis process]. AB - Short-term experiments on the effect of temperature on the rate of oxytetracycline biosynthesis and consumption of carbohydrates, ammonium nitrogen and inorganic phosphorus were performed under various conditions of mass exchange. Complete fermentation cycles were also carried out at the same temperatures. It was shown that the temperature optimal under conditions of a short-term experiment was not optimal for the complete fermentation cycle. In the latter case the results also depended on the aeration and agitation conditions. It is suggested that temperature has a nonspecific effect by changing the conditions of oxygen supply to the microbial culture. PMID- 7125618 TI - [Production of pesticins on synthetic nutrient media]. AB - It was found that 96.2 per cent of the plague microbe cultures studied had a capacity to produce pesticin I on solid and liquid minimum synthetic nutrient media providing growth of the cultures. No pesticin III was detected in the spheroplasts of plague microbes, when they were grown on the synthetic nutrient medium, while on the complete nutrient medium the inhibition zones were observed which was indicative of pesticin III synthesis. The average value characterizing the titer of pesticin I produced by the rod-shaped forms of the plague microbe on the complete and synthetic nutrient media was 320. An increase in the titer of the spheroplast pesticin was shown, while the pesticin titer of the rod-shaped forms was low (1 : 20--1 : 320). As a result the average titer of the spheroplast pesticin was higher than that of pesticin of the rod-like forms. On the complete nutrient medium it was 1280 and on the synthetic medium it was 640. PMID- 7125620 TI - [Bacteriocin typing of Lactobacillus cultures using a basic set of bacteriocinogenic strains]. AB - Lactic bacilli of 15 species were divided into 78 bacteriocin types by their sensitivity spectra with respect to the main set of the bacteriocinogenic strains. L. acidophilus-L. salivarious, L. jugurti, L. casei, L. plantarum, L. fermentum, L. brevis, L. buchneri, L. helveticus, L. lactis and L. leichmannii were used in the study. The cultures were divided into 30, 9, 7, 25, 5, 20, 13, 8, 2.2 and 2 bacteriocin types respectively. The method of determining the lactic bacilli sensitivity spectra to 8 bacteriocinogenic strains of the main kit is simple and economic. It allows marking of lactic bacilli and their dividing into bacteriocin types within the species. This may be used in taxonomy and epidemiological studies. PMID- 7125619 TI - [Bacteriocin sensitivity as a supplementary taxonomic sign of bacteria belonging to the genus Lactobacillus]. AB - It was shown that 90.6 per cent of the Lactobacillus isolates belonging to 15 species was sensitive to one or more lactocin types. Lactocins produced by bacteriocinogenic strains of Lactobacillus in liquid media are characterized by a narrow spectrum limited by the representatives of Lactobacillus. The lactocin sensitivity test may be used with taxonomic purposes as an additional indication of the bacteria belonging to Lactobacillus. A kit of 8 bacteriocinogenic strains of Lactobacillus producing 8 lactocin types is recommended to be used in determination of Lactobacillus sensitivity to bacteriocins. PMID- 7125621 TI - [Bacteriocinogenicity of Brucellae isolated from foci in the Caucasus]. AB - The capacity of 216 Brucella strains to produce bacteriocins was studied. The strains were isolated from patients, farm animals, mouse-like rodents and food products in brucellosis foci of the Caucasus. The data on induction of brucellacin synthesis with methylrosanilinum chloride and screening of new indicator strains are presented. Brucellacin was isolated from 134 (62.1 per cent) cultures of Br. melitensis, Br. abortus, Br. suis and Br. ovis. Differences in the nature of the inhibition growth zones of Br. neotomae 325, an indicator culture obtained with the use of brucellacins from various Brucella species were noted. The brucellacin-producing cultures were detected under the effect of methylrosanilinum chloride among Br. abortus and Br. melitensis with an increase in the number of the bacteriocinogenic isolates and the size of the inhibition growth zones of the indicator culture. At the same time it was found that methylrosanilinum chloride suppressed the bacteriocinogenic properties of Br. suis and was indifferent with respect to the bacteriocinogenic properties of Br. ovis. Three indicator cultures, i.e. 14, 19 and 33 of Br. melitensis and one indicator culture, i.e. 718 of Br. ovis are recommended for identification of brucellacin. PMID- 7125622 TI - [Circulation of ampicillin and sulfalene in liver disease patients]. PMID- 7125623 TI - In vitro susceptibility of streptococcus mutans 6715 to iodine and sodium fluoride, singly and in combination, at various pH values. AB - The effect of pH on minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of sodium fluoride (NaF) and iodine (I2), singly and in combination, for Streptococcus mutans 6715 was investigated by using an in vitro checkerboard broth dilution assay. As pH was decreased, lower concentrations of NaF and I2 were required to exert a bactericidal effect. There was statistically significant linear correlation between pH and the MBCs of NaF (r = 0.95, P less than 0.001) and I2 (r ;.92, P less than 0.001). The MBCs of NaF were more affected by a change in pH than were the MBCs of I2; for every decrease of one pH unit in the range of pH 5 to 8, the MBC of NaF decreased fourfold, and the MBC of I2 decreased twofold. NaF and I2 in combination exhibited bactericidal effects on S. mutans which were additive at all pH values tested. These data indicated that the antibacterial properties of I2 and NaF, singly or in combination, can be enhanced by acidification. PMID- 7125624 TI - Activities of four aminoglycosides at subbactericidal concentrations. AB - This report describes an activity range index derived from the minimal bactericidal and antibiotic concentrations of four aminoglycosides against four representatives of clinically important gram-negative bacilli. The ranking orders of in vitro activity differed from those using the minimal bactericidal concentration or the minimal antibiotic concentration as the sole criterion. PMID- 7125625 TI - Yersinia enterocolitica: comparative in vitro activities of seven new beta-lactam antibiotics. AB - Minimum inhibitory concentrations of seven new beta-lactam derivatives were determined against 35 isolates of Yersinia enterocolitica. Ceftizoxime and ceftriaxone were the most active of the antimicrobial agents tested. PMID- 7125626 TI - In vitro synergistic activity of ethambutol, isoniazid, kanamycin, rifampin, and streptomycin against Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex. AB - Strains of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex often exhibit in vitro resistance to common antimycobacterial agents. Combinations of etambutol, isoniazid, kanamycin, rifampin, and streptomycin were tested to determine if synergism occurred. Ninety-six percent of the strains were susceptible to a combination of ethambutol and rifampin at concentrations attainable clinically. Other combinations of antimycobacterial agents inhibited 4 to 82% of the isolates tested. PMID- 7125627 TI - Evaluation of the Titertek Multiskan for determining minimal inhibitory concentration endpoints. AB - A commercially available through-the-plate reading photometer (Titertek Multiskan, Flow Laboratories, McLean, Va.) was used to determine microdilution minimal inhibition concentrations (MICs) for 190 clinical isolates of bacteria (115 gram-negative rods and 75 gram-positive cocci). The performance of the instrument was evaluated by comparing its MIC readings to those that were visually determined. The MICs determined by the instrument were identical to those determined visually for 94% of the gram-negative rods and 89% of the gram positive cocci tested. Of the MICs determined by the instrument, 99% was within one dilution of the MICs determined visually. PMID- 7125628 TI - In vitro activity of the two principal oxidative metabolites of metronidazole against Bacteroides fragilis and related species. AB - Metronidazole and its two principal oxidative metabolites were tested in vitro against 20 clinical isolates of the Bacteroides fragilis group. Both metabolites were bactericidal, and the exhibited 65 and 5%, respectively, of the inhibitory effect of metronidazole. Additive or weak synergistic effects resulted in combination with the parent compound. PMID- 7125629 TI - Comparative biliary excretion of cephalosporins in normal and partially hepatectomized rats. AB - The biliary excretion of six cephalosporins was examined in normal and partially hepatectomized rats. Cefamandole, cefazolin, cefuroxime, cefoxitin, and cephradine were excreted well in normal animals. In partially hepatectomized rats, the cumulative percentage of excretion reached only 11 to 36.8% of the control levels. Cephaloridine was excreted poorly in both groups. PMID- 7125630 TI - Penicillin-binding proteins in a Staphylococcus aureus strain resistant to specific beta-lactam antibiotics. AB - The penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) of a clinical isolate of Staphylococcus aureus specifically resistant to oral cephalosporins were compared with those of a susceptible strain. In the resistant strain, PBP3 (75,000 molecular weight) was missing or had substantially (greater than 100-fold) reduced affinity for penicillin; PBP2 (80,000 molecular weight) was increased in amount and contained a satellite band, PBP2'; PBPs 1 and 4 were unchanged. Oral cephalosporins bound poorly to PBP2 in both susceptible and resistant strains, but only in the latter did binding correlate with antibiotic activity. The results are consistent with the suggestion that PBP2 is essential in S. aureus. PBP2 might in addition compensate for PBP3 when the latter is missing. In the susceptible strain the lack of correlation between binding to PBP2 and beta-lactam antibiotic activity is due to the very high affinity of the also essential PBP3 for beta-lactam antibiotics. PMID- 7125631 TI - Quality control and interpretive criteria for the azlocillin disk diffusion susceptibility test. AB - The standardized disk diffusion test was performed with 75-micrograms azlocillin disks to determine individual test, accuracy, and precision control values with Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. In addition, regression lines for correlating inhibitory zone diameters with the 75-micrograms azlocillin disk and azlocillin minimal inhibitory concentrations were calculated for gram-negative clinical isolates (including Enterobacteriaceae, P. Aeruginosa, other nonfermenters, and Aeromonas hydrophila). Criteria for distinguishing susceptible isolates from resistant isolates, based on an error-rate bound classification scheme, are proposed. PMID- 7125632 TI - Metabolism of thienamycin and related carbapenem antibiotics by the renal dipeptidase, dehydropeptidase. AB - Thienamycin (THM), the N-formimidoyl thienamycin derivative MK0787, and related carbapenem antibiotics were metabolized extensively in mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, rhesus monkeys, and chimpanzees. Urinary recovery of THM ranged from a low of 5% in dogs to 58% in rhesus monkeys. Renal clearance rates in dogs and chimpanzees were unusually low, less than glomerular filtration rates. The reduction in clearance of THM and MK0787 from plasma of rats and rabbits after ligation of renal arteries indicate that the kidneys are responsible for 35 and 92%, respectively, of metabolic drug clearance. Degradation was detected only in kidney homogenates. The enzyme activity was membrane bound and sensitive to inhibitors of Zn-metalloenzymes such as EDTA. A renal dipeptidase, dehydropeptidase-I (DHP-I), EC 3.4.13.11, was found to be responsible for the metabolism of the THM-class antibiotics, which exhibit a structural homology to dehydropeptides. A parallel increase in specific activity against THM and the substrate of DHP-I, glycyldehydrophenylalanine, was observed during solubilization and purification of the enzyme from porcine and human renal cortex. DHP-I was found to catalyze the hydrolysis of the beta-lactam ring in THM and MK0787. The products of the enzyme reaction were identical by high-powered liquid chromatography to their respective metabolites found in the urine. Nonbasic N-acylated THM and natural N-acylated carbapenems (epithienamycins and olivanic acids) were degraded 4- to 50-fold faster than THM when exposed to the enzymatic hydrolysis of DHP-I. Good correlations were obtained between the increased susceptibility of the carbapenem antibiotics to DHP-I as measured in the in vitro enzyme assay and the generally lower recoveries of active antibiotic in the urine of test animals. Despite this unusual degree of metabolism localized in the kidney, the plasma half-life of MK0787 and its efficacy against experimental systemic infections in animals remain satisfactory. PMID- 7125633 TI - Susceptibility of Legionella spp. to mycinamicin I and II and other macrolide antibiotics: effects of media composition and origin of organisms. AB - Thirty-three strains of Legionella spp., 29 of which were L. pneumophila, were tested for their susceptibilities to erythromycin (EM), rosaramicin, tylosin, mycinamicin I (Sch-27897), and mycinamicin II (Sch-27896). Testing was performed using an agar dilution method with two different types of media: buffered charcoal yeast extract medium supplemented with 0.1% alpha-ketoglutarate (BCYE alpha) and filter-sterilized yeast extract medium with 0.1% alpha-ketoglutarate (BYE alpha). The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the drugs tested relative to the MICs of erythromycin were: rosaramicin, MIC approximately equal to 0.2 EM MIC; tylosin, MIC approximately equal to 2 EM MIC; mycinamicin I, MIC approximately equal to 0.5 EM MIC; and mycinamicin II, MIC approximately equal to EM MIC. Both types of media caused equivalent partial inactivation of the macrolides which was apparently due entirely to pH effect. MICs on BCYE alpha were one to five times more than those observed on BYE alpha; this may be due to poorer growth on BYE alpha. PMID- 7125634 TI - Measurements of serum gentamycin levels by rapid tests. AB - Gentamicin is a very useful antimicrobial agent for the treatment of serious infections caused by gram-negative bacteria. However, it's low therapeutic index and potential ototoxic and nephrotoxic side effects necessitate frequent determinations of serum concentration to assist in maintaining therapeutic levels and avoiding toxic levels. Two bioassays and a latex agglutination inhibition card (LAIC) test were evaluated to determine gentamicin levels in nearly 100 patient sera. Results were compared with a radioimmunoassay (RIA). Two bioassays, the Bio-Monitor and the GentaSak, gave correlation coefficients of 0.987 and 0.982, respectively. The correlation coefficient for the LAIC test was 0.987. All three tests compared well with RIA in accurately detecting gentamicin levels in patients as well as simulated sera. The LAIC test, however, was more rapid, giving results within half an hour whereas bioassays required 6--8 hours for completion. The LAIC test was also found to be more economical. It provides a suitable alternative to RIA procedures in small laboratories and for performing 'stat' tests since batching is not necessary. PMID- 7125635 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of penicillium conidia. AB - The morphology of conidia in 211 species and 12 varieties belonging to the genus Penicillium Link ex Gray have been studied and compared. According to surface ornamentation, conidia have been classified into six groups: A, smooth-walled (7% of the species); B, delicately roughened (13%); C, warty (28%); D, echinate 910%); E, striate with low irregular ridges (36%); and F, striate with scarce high ridges or bars (6%). Whereas the first two groups are closely related in both shape and average size, a gradual reduction was observed in size and in the length/width (l/w) ratio in the remaining groups. Echinate conidia were globose, having the largest average size. Only four species produced conidia not surpassing 2 micrometers in diameter. Maximum length observed was 8 micrometers, and most elongated conidia had a l/w ratio of 3.5. Forty per cent of the species studied had globose conidia. Conidia of the monoverticillate species were generally smaller, more globose and frequently with ridges. In the Asymmetrica, the conidia were generally larger, and showed ridges in comparatively few species. Conidia of the Symmetrica, which were frequently striate with ridges, presented the most elongated forms. The largest average size was found in the conidia of the Polyverticillata which were generally warty. Finally, we have considered the variations in surface ornamentation of conidia during the evolution of the genus Penicillium and drawn attention to their possible relationship with certain habitats and ways of conidial dispersion. PMID- 7125636 TI - Distribution of carotenoids and sterols in relation to the taxonomy of Taphrina and Protomyces. AB - Species of the genera Taphrina Fr. and Protomyces Unger were screened for the presence of carotenoid pigments and the sterols ergosterol and brassicasterol. All strains produced carotenoids in variable amounts: Taphrina: 0.3--39 micrograms/g dry weight; protomyces: 65--99 micrograms/g dry weight. It was concluded that the two genera cannot be separated on the basis of presence or absence of carotenoids. Thirty strains (24 species) of Taphrina produced brassicasterol as the principal sterol; twenty-one strains (17 species) did not form ergosterol. Only four isolates (4 species) produced ergosterol without formation of brassicasterol. Brassicasterol was the major sterol in 3 species of Protomyces, whereas ergosterol was absent. Brassicasterol is a rather unique sterol within the fungal kingdom and has hitherto not been found in the red yeasts. Therefore, this sterol is of taxonomic significance in contrast with ergosterol, which is widespread among fungi. PMID- 7125638 TI - Numerical analysis of Frateur's phenotypic data on acetic acid bacteria. PMID- 7125637 TI - Bacillus flavothermus, a newly isolated facultative thermophile. AB - A sample from a hot spring on the northern island of New Zealand contained five different thermophilic bacterial strains. One strain with peculiar properties, i.e. the formation of dark yellow colonies at 30 degrees C as well as at 70 degrees C, was further characterized. It was found to be a gram-positive, facultatively aerobic, motile Bacillus species, with terminal endospores. According to the physiologic properties the strain closely resembled B. coagulans. However, two typical characteristics were contradictory to this conclusion, namely the intense yellow pigmentation of the colonies and the range of growth temperature. The latter was found to reach from 40 to 70 degrees C, with an optimum at 60 degrees C under aerobic and at 65 degrees C under anaerobic conditions. Growth at moderate temperatures was slower than at 60 degrees C, but the final cell yields were almost equal. The strain can therefore be considered as facultatively thermophilic. The pigment, which was found to be located in the cytoplasmic membrane, was spectroscopically identified as a carotenoid. Because the characteristics of this strain did not correspond with any of the Bacillus species described thus far, we concluded, that we had isolated a novel strain, for which the name Bacillus flavothermus is proposed. PMID- 7125640 TI - A behavioral exploration of dependent and independent mildly mentally retarded adolescents and their mothers. AB - A study was conducted on behavioral differences between dependent and independent mildly mentally retarded adolescents and their mothers. Twelve dependent and 12 independent adolescent-mother pairs separately engaged in a videotaped problem solving task. These videotapes were subjected to a behavioral coding system consisting of five domains, i.e., problem solving, positive verbal, negative verbal, positive non-verbal, and negative non-verbal. Differential profiles were not evident between the two groups for either adolescents or their mothers. However, there were notable differences between a more stringently defined subset of dependent and independent adolescents and between their mothers. The subset of independent adolescents were more verbal and active in problem-solving than the dependent adolescents; the dependent subset exhibited a greater rate of negative non-verbal behavior; and mothers of the independent subset presented more positive non-verbal behaviors than did the mothers of the dependent subset. PMID- 7125639 TI - Problem behavior and psychiatric impairment within a developmentally disabled population I: behavior frequency. AB - This report summarizes information about problem behavior and psychiatric impairment in a population of over 30,000 individuals receiving developmental disabilities services. Teenage and adult individuals displayed more problem behaviors than young children or the elderly, more markedly mentally retarded individuals were more likely to display problem behavior, individuals in less restrictive residential settings displayed less problem behavior than those in more restrictive settings, and persons with psychiatric impairment displayed more frequent problems than persons without psychiatric impairment. The proportion of developmentally disabled persons with a psychiatric impairment was positively associated with presence of problem behaviors classified as affective or cognitive. Implications for community placement and further research are addressed. PMID- 7125641 TI - Behavioral treatments of epilepsy: methodological characteristics and problems of published studies. AB - Eleven studies that used operant or respondent conditioning procedures in the treatment of seizure disorders were evaluated primarily with respect to methodological considerations and secondarily with respect to procedure and outcome. The majority of studies used seizure frequency as the main dependent variable, but failed to adequately describe the observational procedure. Blind observers, unaware of experimental conditions and expected outcomes, were never used and measures of interobserver agreement were rarely provided. Ten studies reported data for a single subject. All of the investigations used within-subject analyses, but only three employed an experimental design adequate to demonstrate a functional relation between treatment and changes in seizure activity. A variety of treatments were used, some imprecisely described, and across studies seizure frequency was reduced in 14 of 15 subjects during treatment. However, because of obvious methodological inadequacies, these reductions cannot be conclusively attributed to treatment in the majority of cases. While the studies reviewed suggest that behavioral treatments of seizure disorders are potentially beneficial, further and more carefully controlled research is required to conclusively evaluate the generality and power of such treatments. PMID- 7125643 TI - A review and analysis of applied research in mental retardation: 1975-1980. AB - A review of the number and type of studies in mental retardation published in six prominent journals was made. Variables examined included whether the study was applied or not and in the latter case, whether the study was an assessment, treatment or epidemiological paper. Other variables evaluated were length of follow-up, frequency of applied studies published in each journal, whether subjects were children or adults, inpatients or outpatients, level of mental retardation and form of treatment employed. Implications of the present studies with regard to future directions of applied research are discussed. PMID- 7125642 TI - A comparison of attitudes and knowledge of Ghanaian college students relative to the mentally retarded. AB - Attitudes toward the disabled in Ghana were evaluated among college students majoring in general education (experimental group, special education, administration, and medicine). Eight questions were asked on a general questionnaire that pertained to attitudes, contact and knowledge about the handicapped. The findings revealed a negative correlation between greater knowledge and attitudes toward the mentally retarded. Students responded more favorable than nonstudents to statements emphasizing the value of educating the disabled. Students were less likely to blame the disabled or his/her family for the presence of a disability. Neither students nor nonstudents favored social interaction with the disabled. All scores fell within or above the moderately positive range. However, analysis of data revealed an inconsistency between the cognitive and affective attitude components. These findings suggest the influence of traditional beliefs on attitudes toward the disabled. They must, however, be interpreted within the context of a sociocultural and socioeconomic milieu which is in a state of transition. Implications of the findings are discussed. PMID- 7125644 TI - Assessment of intellectually handicapped adults: a cognitive processing model. AB - Current approaches to the assessment of intellectual level and functional ability with intellectually handicapped persons are focussing on information processing measures, rather than standardized power measures such as I.Q. The present study involves an examination of cognitive processing ability as defined by the information-integration model, and its relationship to success on a set of work samples, the latter having been defined as good predictors of later work success. Following the assessment of 50 intellectually handicapped adults, it was concluded that the basic tenets of information-integration theory are supported in this population, and that successive processing ability, as opposed to simultaneous processing or planning, has much to do with successful work sample performance. Results are discussed in terms of their implication for program planning and vocational training. PMID- 7125645 TI - Enhanced biodegradation of methoxychlor in soil under sequential environmental conditions. AB - Ring-U-[14C]methoxychlor [1,1-bis(p-methoxyphenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane] was incubated in soil under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Primary degradation of methoxychlor occurred under anaerobic conditions, but not under aerobic conditions, after 3 months of incubation. Analysis of soil extracts, using gas chromatography, demonstrated that only 10% of the compound remained at initial concentrations of 10 and 100 ppm (wt/wt) of methoxychlor. Evidence is presented that a dechlorination reaction was responsible for primary degradation of methoxychlor. Analysis of soils treated with 100 ppm of methoxychlor in the presence of 2% HgCl2 showed that 100% of the compound remained after 3 months, indicating that degradation in the unpoisoned flasks was biologically mediated. Methanogenic organisms, however, are probably not involved, as strong inhibition of methane production was observed in all soils treated with methoxychlor. During the 3-month incubation period, little or no evaluation of 14CO2 or 14CH4 occurred under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Cometabolic processes may be responsible for the extensive molecular changes which occurred with methoxychlor because the rate of its disappearance from soil was observed to level off after exhaustion of soil organic matter. After this incubation period, soils previously incubated under anaerobic conditions were converted to aerobic conditions. The rates of 14CO2 evolution from soils exposed to anaerobic and aerobic sequences of environments ranged from 10- to 70-fold greater than that observed for soils exposed solely to an aerobic environment. PMID- 7125646 TI - Effect of environmental conditions during heating on commercial spore strip performance. AB - Commercial biological indicator spore strips in glassine envelopes, produced by three manufacturers, were evaluated by fraction-negative procedures after being heated at 121.0 +/- 0.05 degrees C. Only one type of spore strip met the manufacturer's specifications. The strips of one manufacturer were further evaluated by fraction-negative and survivor curve-plate count procedures after being heated under several conditions (enclosed in glassine envelopes, in trypticase soy broth plus 0.0015% bromocresol purple, in Trypticase soy broth alone in Water for Injection, directly); Trypticase soy broth plus bromocresol purple and tryptic soy agar, respectively, were used as recovery media. The heating condition affected the D-value of the spore strip. Recovery procedures also had an effect; in all cases, the D-values obtained from the survivor curve tests were larger than those obtained from fraction-negative tests carried out under the same conditions. To determine if the differences in D-values between the two evaluation procedures were caused by the recovery media, we evaluated, by both methods, one type of spore strip heated directly and in glassine envelopes, using tryptic soy agar plus bromocresol purple and Trypticase soy broth plus 1.5% agar, respectively, as the recovery media. The survivor curve results showed that for both enclosed and unenclosed spore strips, there was a marked difference between the two recovery media; however, there was no difference when fraction negative tests were used. PMID- 7125647 TI - Measurement of aquatic biodegradation rates by determining heterotrophic uptake of radiolabeled pollutants. AB - The heterotrophic uptake technique was modified to provide a rapid and simple technique for estimating the rates of biodegradation of organic pollutants under environmental conditions. The methodology is based on an evaluation of uptake into cells and subsequent respiration of radiolabeled organic substrates in short term experiments. The resulting data can be used to calculate either turnover times or, if multiple concentrations of substrate are used, kinetic parameters. The procedure was applied to assess the biodegradation rates of m-cresol, chlorobenzene, nitrilotriacetic acid, and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene in fresh, brackish, and marine water samples from the coastal areas of North Carolina. Saturation kinetics for uptake were obtained with each of the compounds tested. Rates of metabolism were shown to be dependent on sample location and time of year. PMID- 7125648 TI - Biodegradation of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid by a pure culture of Pseudomonas cepacia. AB - A pure culture of Pseudomonas cepacia, designated AC1100, that can utilize 2,4,5 trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) as its sole source of carbon and energy was isolated. An actively growing culture of AC1100 was able to degrade more than 97% of 2,4,5-T, present at 1 mg/ml, within 6 days as determined by chloride release, gas chromatographic, and spectrophotometric analyses. The ability of AC1100 to oxidize a variety of chlorophenols and related compounds is also reported. PMID- 7125649 TI - Survival and growth of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni on meat and in cooked foods. AB - Twelve strains of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni isolated from humans and animals grew at temperatures ranging from 34 to 45 degrees C and pH minima between 5.7 and 5.9. Only one strain grew at pH 5.8 with lactic acid present at a concentration similar to that in meat. All strains had decimal reduction times of less than 1 min at 60 degrees C. Further examination of a typical strain showed that it grew at 37 degrees C on high-pH meat but not at 37 degrees C on normal-pH meat. Bacterial numbers on both high (6.4)-pH and normal (5.8)-pH inoculated meat declined at a similar rate when the meat was stored at 25 degrees C. At -1 degree C, the rate of die-off was somewhat slower on normal-pH meat but was very much slower on high-pH meat. The initial fall in bacterial numbers that occurred when meat was frozen was also greater for normal-pH meat than for high-pH meat. The organism exhibited a long lag phase (1 to 2 days) when grown in cooked-meat medium at 37 degrees C and died in meat pies stored at 37 or 43 degrees C. Evaluation of the risk of Campylobacter contamination of red-meat carcasses to human health must take into account the limited potential of the organism to grow or even survive on fresh meats and in warm prepared foods. PMID- 7125650 TI - Selection of antibiotic-resistant standard plate count bacteria during water treatment. AB - Standard plate count (SPC) bacteria were isolated from a drinking-water treatment facility and from the river supplying the facility. All isolates were identified and tested for their resistance to six antibiotics to determine if drug-resistant bacteria were selected for as a consequence of water treatment. Among the isolates surviving our test procedures, there was a significant selection (P less than 0.05) of gram-negative SPC organisms resistant to two or more of the test antibiotics. These bacteria were isolated from the flash mix tank, where chlorine, alum, and lime are added to the water. Streptomycin resistance in particular was more frequent in this population as compared with bacteria in the untreated river water (P less than 0.01). SPC bacteria from the clear well, which is a tank holding the finished drinking water at the treatment facility, were also more frequently antibiotic resistant than were the respective river water populations. When 15.8 and 18.2% of the river water bacteria were multiply antibiotic resistant, 57.1 and 43.5%, respectively, of the SPC bacteria in the clear well were multiply antibiotic resistant. Selection for bacteria exhibiting resistance to streptomycin was achieved by chlorinating river water in the laboratory. We concluded that the selective factors operating in the aquatic environment of a water treatment facility can act to increase the proportion of antibiotic-resistant members of the SPC bacterial population in treated drinking water. PMID- 7125651 TI - Heterotrophic activity and biodegradation of labile and refractory compounds by groundwater and stream microbial populations. AB - The bacteriology and heterotrophic activity of a stream and of nearby groundwater in Marmot Basin, Alberta, Canada, were studied. Acridine orange direct counts indicated that bacterial populations in the groundwater were greater than in the stream. Bacteria that were isolated from the groundwater were similar to species associated with soils. Utilization of labile dissolved organic material as measured by the heterotrophic potential technique with glutamic acid, phenylalanine, and glycolic acid as substrates was generally greater in the groundwater. In addition, specific activity indices for the populations suggested greater metabolic activity per bacterium in the groundwater. 14C-labeled lignocellulose, preferentially labeled in the lignin fraction by feeding Picea engelmannii [14C]phenylalanine, was mineralized by microorganisms in both the groundwater and the stream, but no more than 4% of the added radioactivity was lost as 14CO2 within 960 h. Up to 20% of [3'-14C]cinnamic acid was mineralized by microorganisms in both environments within 500 h. Both microbial populations appear to influence the levels of labile and recalcitrant dissolved organic material in mountain streams. PMID- 7125653 TI - Relationship between fluorescein diacetate-stained hyphae and oxygen utilization, glucose utilization, and biomass of submerged fungal batch cultures. AB - The relationship between fungal activity and staining with fluorescein diacetate (FDA) was investigated by growing Penicillium citrinum and Rhizoctonia solani in submerged batch cultures at different initial glucose concentrations and aeration rates. A modified FDA staining method, similar to the Jones and Mollison technique (P. Jones and J. Mollison, J. Gen. Microbiol. 2:54-69, 1948), was developed to assess both total and FDA-stained hyphae. In previous studies, soil hyphae stained with FDA were considered viable. However, determination of a quantitative relationship between FDA staining and fungal activity is necessary before such an assumption can be made. Growth rates and the rate of change in the percentage of FDA-stained hyphae were significantly correlated. The regression equation calculated for the relationship was: growth rate (mg . ml-1 . h-1) = 0.34 + 1.1 (rate of change in the percentage of FDA-stained hyphae [. ml-1 . h 1]). Changes in activity as measured by O2 utilization, glucose utilization, and biomass correlated significantly with changes in the percentage of FDA-stained hyphae, although the relationships among these parameters were different for each fungal species. Fungal growth stage was also correlated with the percentage of FDA-stained hyphae. Staining was 10% or greater during fungal growth and less than 10% during the late growth, stationary, and death phases. Thus, the rate of change in the percentage of FDA-stained hyphae can be used to predict fungal activity rate changes for single fungal cultures and growth rates for mixed fungal cultures, and the growth stage can be assessed by the percentage of FDA stained hyphae. PMID- 7125652 TI - 1,4-Naphthoquinone and other nutrient requirements of Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens. AB - Three strains of Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens isolated from the rumen of cattle or sheep under diverse conditions grew well in a minimal medium containing glucose, minerals, cysteine, methionine, leucine, serine, ammonia, 1,4 naphthoquinone, p-aminobenzoic acid, and bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer, pH 6.7. When menadione or vitamin K5 was substituted for 1,4-naphthoquinone, the growth rate was somewhat depressed. Growth was poor with vitamin K1 and ammonia, further addition of the amino acids aspartic acid, arginine, histidine, and tryptophan was necessary for good growth of type strain 24, but the other two strains grew well only in media containing ammonia. Strains C18 and 22B produced urease and grew well when ammonia replaced urea. When urea replaced ammonia, strain 24 grew poorly and urease activity could not be detected. Strain 24 required no B-vitamins, but the other two strains were stimulated by p aminobenzoic acid. The methionine requirement was not placed by vitamin B12, betaine, or homocysteine. Cysteine was replaced by sulfide in strain 24 but less well in the other two strains. Very poor growth was obtained when sulfate replaced cysteine. The half-saturation constant for ammonia during growth of S. dextrinosolvens is more than 500 microM, a much higher value than that of many rumen bacteria. PMID- 7125654 TI - New process for T-2 toxin production. AB - Strains of Fusarium produced high levels of T-2 toxin when cultured on certain media absorbed into vermiculite. Modified Gregory medium was nutritionally complex (2% soya meal, 0.5% corn steep liquor, 10% glucose) and, when inoculated with the appropriate fungal strain, yielded maximum T-2 toxin within 24 days of incubation at 19 degrees C. On Vogel synthetic medium N (H. J. Vogel, Microb. Genet, Bull. 13:42-43, 1956) supplemented with 5% glucose, optimal toxin levels were synthesized after incubation for 12 to 14 days at 15 degrees C. Fusarium tricinctum T-340 produced 714 and 353 mg/liter on modified Gregory medium and Vogel synthetic medium N plus 5% glucose, respectively. Improved analytical procedures were developed and involved aqueous methanol extraction, purification by liquid-liquid partitions, and gas-chromatographic quantitation. PMID- 7125655 TI - Diluent composition for use of API 20E in characterizing marine and estuarine bacteria. AB - Nine chemically defined inoculation diluents, with compositions ranging from 0.85% NaCl to 35% marine salts, were used to evaluate the influence of diluent composition on the biochemical profiles of 30 marine and estuarine bacterial strains, including species of Vibrio, Aeromonas, Allomonas, and Photobacterium. Results demonstrated that a 20% marine salts diluent enabled the characterization of halophilic strains normally nonreactive by the API 20E system. Furthermore, the use of 20% marine salts showed that certain environmental isolates, identifiable as Vibrio parahaemolyticus by the recommended clinical inoculation procedure, were Vibrio vulnificus. An analysis of the profiles provided by the nine diluents indicates that the API 20E system, modified by the use of a diluent composed of 20% marine salts and incubated at 22 degrees C, can provide a reliable tool for the rapid characterization of marine and estuarine bacterial isolates. PMID- 7125657 TI - Morphological varieties and host ranges of Vibrio parahaemolyticus bacteriophages isolated from seawater. AB - Eighteen bacteriophages lytic for Vibrio parahaemolyticus were isolated from seawater, and their ultrastructure was examined by electron microscopy. Based on the phage morphology, they were classified in four groups. Group I phages consisted of a hexagonal head and a tail with a contractile sheath. All the phages of the other three groups had a relatively long, noncontractile tail, but there were differences in the head structure among these phages. The phages of groups II and III had a hexagonal head and an elongated polyhedral head, respectively. Group IV phages exhibited a unique hexagonal head with knoblike projections. There appeared to be no correlation between the O and K serotypes of V. parahaemolyticus strains and the host ranges of the phages. The phages had varying sensitivities to heat and organic solvents. PMID- 7125656 TI - Effect of pH on growth rates of rumen amylolytic and lactilytic bacteria. AB - The relationship between the pH of the medium and specific growth rates, in well buffered media at 38.5 degrees C, was determined for three strains of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and for one strain each of Streptococcus bovis, Selenomonas ruminantium subsp. lactilytica. Megasphaera elsdenii, Veillonella alcalescens, and Propionibacterium acnes. The pH optima for growth were between 6.1 and 6.6 for all six species, and the upper pH limits were between 7.3 and 7.8. The lower limit pH values for growth on glucose were 5.4 for B. fibrisolvens, near 5.0 for V. alcalescens, and between 4.4 and 4.8 for the other four species. These values fall within the minimum pH ranges found when these species are grown in poorly buffered medium with nonlimiting glucose concentrations. Acid sensitivity per se could cause the washout of B. fibrisolvens, but not of the other five species, from the rumens of animals on high-starch diets. PMID- 7125658 TI - Amoebae from antarctic soil and water. AB - Samples of soil and water were taken from the McMurdo Sound-Dry Valley region of Antarctica. Of the 70 samples cultured, 22 yielded amoebae capable of clonal growth at 30 degrees C. None of the isolates was pathogenic for mice. Acanthamoeba isolates appeared to show better survival potential than Naegleria isolates. PMID- 7125659 TI - Minimal medium for isolation of auxotrophic Zymomonas mutants. AB - A minimal medium which allowed the sustained, rapid growth of Zymomonas mobilis and the isolation of a range of auxotrophic mutants was developed. PMID- 7125660 TI - Maintenance of Laboratory strains of obligately anaerobic rumen bacteria. AB - Cultures of rumen bacteria can be stored at -20 degrees C for at least 2 years in a liquid medium containing 20% glycerol. Thawing, sampling, and refreezing do not significantly affect viability. PMID- 7125661 TI - Biodegradation of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid in soil by a pure culture of Pseudomonas cepacia. AB - A pure culture of Pseudomonas cepacia AC1100 was able to degrade and grow in presence of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid in soil. At optimum temperature (30 degrees C) and moisture content (15 to 50% [wt/vol]) strain AC1100 could degrade as much as 95% of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid at high concentration (1 mg/g of soil) within 1 week. PMID- 7125662 TI - Thermal inactivation of Yersinia enterocolitica in milk. AB - Three strains of Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from milk had D values at 62.8 degrees C from 0.24 to 0.96 min and z values of 5.11 to 5.78 degrees C. Since the pasteurization processes for dairy products recommended by the Food and Drug Administration are adequate to destroy large concentrations of these organisms, Y. enterocolitica in pasteurized milk probably results from substandard processing or recontamination after pasteurization. PMID- 7125663 TI - The procaryotic nature of the fatty acid synthetase of developing Carthamus tinctorius L. (Safflower) seeds. PMID- 7125664 TI - Equilibrium constants under physiological conditions for the condensation of acetaldehyde with tetrahydrofolic acid. PMID- 7125665 TI - Relationship of the reduction-oxidation state to protein degradation in skeletal and atrial muscle. PMID- 7125666 TI - Zn(II)-induced dimerization of human carbonmonoxy hemoglobin. PMID- 7125667 TI - Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase of rat brain mitochondria: properties of, and effect of inhibitors and inducers on, enzyme activity. PMID- 7125668 TI - Precursor supply and hepatic enzyme activities as regulators of triacylglycerol synthesis in isolated hepatocytes and perfused liver. PMID- 7125669 TI - The time course of glucagon action on the utilization of [U-14C]palmitate by isolated hepatocytes. PMID- 7125670 TI - Isolation, identification, and biological activity of 23,25,26-trihydroxyvitamin D3, an in vitro and in vivo metabolite of vitamin D3. PMID- 7125671 TI - Correlation between resistance to ethidium bromide and changes in monovalent cation uptake in yeast. PMID- 7125672 TI - Starch phosphorylase from tapioca leaves: absence of pyridoxal phosphate. PMID- 7125673 TI - Aging-dependent modification of lipid composition and lipid structural order parameter of hepatic mitochondria. PMID- 7125674 TI - Kinase-induced changes in electron transport rates of spinach chloroplasts. PMID- 7125675 TI - Study of the substituent effect on alpha-chymotrypsin-catalyzed hydrolysis of phenyl acetates by using a stopped-flow titration method. PMID- 7125676 TI - Specific interaction of spermine with Cibacron blue F3ga. PMID- 7125677 TI - Selective phosphorylation of myosin light chain in intact skeletal muscle. PMID- 7125678 TI - Reappraisal of the binding of myosin subfragment 1 to regulated filaments in terms of the steric model of muscle relaxation. PMID- 7125679 TI - Subunit structure of 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine decarboxylase from pig kidney. PMID- 7125680 TI - Role of the external adenosine triphosphate/adenosine diphosphate ratio in the control of plant mitochondrial respiration. PMID- 7125681 TI - Blood pressure, sodium, and take away food. PMID- 7125682 TI - Please wash your hands. PMID- 7125684 TI - Phenobarbitone dosage in neonatal convulsions. AB - In order to find the optimal dosage schedule of phenobarbitone for neonatal convulsions, four groups of patients were studied. Twelve infants (group 1) received a mean phenobarbitone dose of 9.5 mg/kg a day given intramuscularly for 3 days followed by 5.8 mg/kg a day given intramuscularly and then orally. Six infants (group 2) received a mean intravenous loading dose of 9.5 mg/kg followed by 6.8 mg/kg a day given intramuscularly or orally. Nine infants (group 3) received a mean loading dose of 14.9 mg/kg intravenously followed by a maintenance dose of 5.9 mg/kg a day. Thirteen patients (group 4) received a mean intramuscular loading dose of 15.2 mg/kg followed by 5.9 mg/kg a day. Blood samples were taken regularly and phenobarbitone levels were determined by gas liquid chromatography. A mean intravenous or intramuscular loading dose of 15 mg/kg of phenobarbitone safely achieved therapeutic levels within 2 hours of injection and high therapeutic levels were maintained with a dose of 6 mg/kg a day. PMID- 7125683 TI - Natural history of egg hypersensitivity. AB - Twenty-five children with clinical egg hypersensitivity, confirmed by double blind challenge, were followed for between 2 and 2 1/2 years. Clinical egg hypersensitivity was fund to have resolved in 11 children but was persistent in 14. Skin prick tests reactions to egg were initially of equivalent size in the resolved and persistent groups, but became negative or diminished in size with resolution of clinical egg hypersensitivity, while remaining positive in the group with persisting symptoms. Symptoms after egg ingestion were categorised as cutaneous, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and angioedema. The adverse reactions of the resolved group were either cutaneous or gastrointestinal symptoms. The persisting group had multisystem involvement and most of them developed angioedema and respiratory symptoms. These differences may be useful as prognostic indicators in clinical egg hypersensitivity. PMID- 7125685 TI - Variation in the composition of breast milk during the first 5 weeks of lactation: implications for the feeding of preterm infants. AB - Milk samples were collected from 10 mothers by a standardised technique with complete expression of both breasts at each feed for 24 hours. Samples were obtained at 8 intervals during the first 36 days of lactation. Analyses were performed for trichloroacetic acid-precipitable protein, total protein, lactose, triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol, energy, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, pH, and osmolality. The results give a comprehensive picture of the development of milk composition from transitional to mature milk. The most striking feature of the results was the high degree of variation observed both between samples from the same mother and between samples from different mothers on the same day of lactation. PMID- 7125686 TI - Two-year study of the causes of postperinatal deaths classified in terms of preventability. AB - A detailed pathological and psychosocial study was made of all postperinatal (8 days-2 years) deaths in Sheffield during a 2-year period. The cause of death was classified from the point of view of possible prevention. Of the total of 65 deaths, 35 were unpreventable after the perinatal period, but 9 might have been preventable before birth. Of the 30 other deaths, 20 had evidence of possible treatable disease, and for the majority of these adverse social factors could be identified. Proved non-accidental injury occurred in 2 children and in 3 others there was a high degree of suspicion of 'gentle battering'. Only in 4 children was death unexplained and this apparently represents the local true unexplained cot death rate of 0.16/1000 births. PMID- 7125687 TI - Paediatric continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. AB - Ten children in end-stage renal failure were treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). This represents a total of 3.4 patient years. Biochemical control was good, and parent and patient acceptability high. Peritonitis was the chief complication, but after the institution of a specific CAPD education and training programme the incidence declined 10-fold. We regard CAPD as an effective short- and medium-term treatment for children with end-stage renal failure as part of an integrated dialysis and transplant programme, but it requires a devoted and enthusiastic trained staff to ensure success. PMID- 7125688 TI - Development of emotional sweating in the newborn infant. AB - Sweating from the palm and sole occurs independently of ambient temperature but is influenced by emotional factors. It thus provides a useful objective measure of emotional state. The development of this emotional sweating in the newborn was investigated by measuring palmar water loss and relating it to the infant's state of arousal. Although 433 individual measurements were made on 124 babies of gestational age 25 to 41 weeks and postnatal age 15 hours to 9 weeks. Palmar water loss was also recorded continuously in 22 infants undergoing heel prick for routine blood sampling. In babies of 37 weeks' gestation or more, there was a clear relationship between palmar water loss and arousal from the day of birth, and by the third week levels on vigorous crying were comparable with those of an anxious adult. Less mature babies did not show emotional sweating at birth; it was first seen at the equivalent of 36 to 37 weeks' gestation regardless of maturity. Continuous recordings confirmed the cross-sectional data and illustrated the abrupt nature of the response. Emotional sweating could be a useful tool for the assessment of emotional state of the newborn. PMID- 7125690 TI - Paediatric manpower. AB - Two investigations of paediatric manpower in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland were carried out, each using a different method. The first survey located registrars and senior registrars and checked on their occupational status 3 years later in order to see which ones had been promoted. Loss factors--such as emigration, retirement for personal reasons, part-time training, or transfer to general practice, community paediatrics, or other medical specialties--were examined closely. The second survey was a cross-sectional analysis of the entire paediatric establishment. It examined in particular the distribution of consultants and registrars. Using figures from survey 2 and loss factors from survey 1, a model of the paediatric career structure could be constructed. This showed that the present career pyramid would be unable to absorb the current number of registrars in training. There is an urgent need for a comprehensive registration scheme for registrars, especially those with honorary contracts, who are not currently included in official records. Paediatrics is unique in having a high proportion of women for whom there is little opportunity of reconciling career aspirations with family commitments. PMID- 7125689 TI - Investigating the small lung: which imaging procedure? AB - Ventilation and perfusion radionuclide lung scans, using krypton 81m and technetium-99m macroaggregates, were performed together with a variety of other imaging procedures in 18 children aged between 1 week and 13 years in whom radiology had shown a small lung. Radionuclide scans provided an assessment of regional ventilation and perfusion unobtainable by other means, and 4 main categories of disturbed function could be seen in the radiological small lung- namely, absence of ventilation and perfusion, absent perfusion with preserved ventilation, generalised or segmental decreases in ventilation, and perfusion and segmental perfusion defects in areas of decreased ventilation. The clinical history and other imaging procedures, including fluoroscopy and penetrated mediastinal views, enabled a firm diagnosis to be made in each of these 18 patients. In 3 main pulmonary arteries were absent, 2 had lung aplasia, 2 had lobar aplasia, 9 had varying degrees of pulmonary hypoplasia (two with additional sequestrated segments), 1 had lobar emphysema, and 1 had post-infective lung mal development (MacLeod's syndrome). PMID- 7125691 TI - Transcutaneous bilirubinometry: an evaluation. AB - The transcutaneous bilirubinometer was evaluated in 60 term and 10 preterm infants. A significant correlation was found between the transcutaneous index and the total serum bilirubin concentration for both term and preterm infants. The reliability of the transcutaneous bilirubinometer as a screening method was confirmed, and index criteria for serum bilirubin analysis have been suggested for term babies. The instrument was precise and accurate and the method both noninvasive and atraumatic. Since individual serum bilirubin levels and the transcutaneous index may correlate poorly the transcutaneous method cannot replace traditional serum bilirubin estimation. PMID- 7125692 TI - Uncombable hair: a condition with autosomal dominant inheritance. PMID- 7125693 TI - Agenesis of the corpus callosum: neonatal ultrasound appearances. PMID- 7125694 TI - Familial benign copper deficiency. AB - Hypocupraemia with normal caeruloplasmin levels was found in a 21-month-old boy admitted to hospital because of repeated seizures and failure to thrive. He had blonde curly hair, spurring of the femora and tibiae, and mild anaemia, but his mental development, electroencephalogram, and structure of the hair on microscopical examination were normal. There was a general improvement in his condition with supplements of oral copper but as soon as these were reduced or stopped hypocupraemia and seizures resumed. Family investigation showed copper deficiency with mild symptoms in the mother and the maternal uncle. The pedigree suggests possible autosomal dominant or X-linked dominant transmission. PMID- 7125695 TI - Pseudohypoaldosteronism. Response to long-term treatment with indomethacin. PMID- 7125696 TI - Glucose-polymer in acute diarrhoea. PMID- 7125697 TI - New sign of tracheo-oesophageal fistula? PMID- 7125698 TI - Luteal phase following oocyte aspiration, in vitro fertilization, and embryo transfer in clomid/HCG-stimulated cycles. AB - Using basal body temperature and repeated radioimmunological plasma progesterone estimations we monitored the luteal phase in seven patients after the administration of Clomid/hCG, oocyte recovery, in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. In six of these women, the transferred embryos did not implant, and they bled 13--16 days after oocyte recovery. Neither the basal body temperature charts nor the plasma progesterone levels provided any indication of a luteal phase defect, being indistinguishable from those obtained in a control group of healthy women during the natural cycle. In the seventh woman, transfer of an eight-cell stage embryo resulted in implantation and a pregnancy which, to date (37th week) is developing normally. PMID- 7125699 TI - Correlations of the receptor content and ultrastructure of breast cancer cells. AB - Receptor assay results were compared with the ultrastructure of 127 breast cancers (112 primary tumors, six recurrent lesions, nine metastases). Tumors were considered to be receptor positive if the receptor levels were greater than or equal to 15 fmol/mg of soluble tissue protein. Most breast cancer had heterogenous cells with different grades of ultrastructural differentiation. a prevalence of well-differentiated cancer cells and an abundance of intracytoplasmic vacuoles had a significant correlation with a positive estrogen receptor status. The correlation was better than between malignancy grades and receptor content. The type of breast cancer and the menopausal status bore no relation to receptor content. Progesterone receptors were found in well differentiated tumors of low malignancy. PMID- 7125701 TI - A contribution to the natural history of breast cancer. I. Duct obliteration with periductal elastosis in the centre of breast cancers. AB - Breast duct obliteration and periductal elastosis were studied in 100 breast carcinomas with a maximum diameter of 20 mm or less. Seventy percent of all tumours and 90% of lobular and tubular carcinomas had obliterated ducts with radial scars at the centre of the lesion. Obesity, parity and diabetes mellitus had no apparent association with duct obliteration and periductal elastosis. The striking two peaks in age distribution suggest the presence of endocrine influences. Duct obliteration with periductal elastosis occurs where the breast shows most changes during development and involution making this the high risk zone for carcinogenesis. PMID- 7125700 TI - Prognostic significance of the steroid receptor content in primary breast cancer. AB - Recurrence and survival rates were studied in 222 patients with primary breast cancer with particular reference to relations with the estrogen and progesterone receptor content of the primary tumor, involvement of axillary lymph nodes and menopausal status. The median observation time for these 222 women was 46 months, the longest being 88 months and the shortest for recurrence-free survivors, being 42 months. Within the first 4 years after primary surgery, recurrences occurred more rarely and later in patients with receptor-positive cancers. After 70 and 50 months, respectively, there was no longer any difference between estrogen receptor- and progesterone receptor-positive and receptor-negative cases. The overall survival curve plotted in accordance with Kaplan and Meier [5] was more favourable for patients with estrogen receptor-positive carcinoma than for those with estrogen receptor-negative tumors, even after 6.5 years. PMID- 7125702 TI - A contribution to the natural history of breast cancer. IV. Lobular carcinoma in situ and its relation to breast cancer. AB - We studied 52 patients with lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) of the breast, tissue being available from both breasts in 46 patients. Detailed histological examination of the tissue was combined with specimen radiography. By this technique, six invasive cancers were detected within 2 years of the primary diagnosis. five of these six carcinomas were clinically occult and were not suspected at specimen radiography. Three other invasive cancers were discovered 4 years, 7 years, and 10 years after diagnosing LCIS. The extent of the LCIS in the primary biopsy was the only feature which gave a guide to the possible presence and location of an occult invasive lesion. PMID- 7125703 TI - The effect of intraperitoneal colchicine on the formation of peritoneal adhesions in the rat. AB - A double blind study was carried out to determine the effect of colchicine on the formation of intraperitoneal adhesions in the rat. Adhesions were produced by a standard method in 92 rats. The animals were than divided at random into two groups. One group (47 rats) was treated with intraperitoneal colchicine, whilst the other, the control group (45 rats) was treated with intraperitoneal normal saline in the same volume, frequency and duration. Four weeks later the animals were killed for assessment and measurement of adhesions. Two kinds of adhesions were found. 1. "Surface adhesion" - consisting of two serosal surfaces attached together; their area was significantly smaller (p less than 0.00003), and their number was lower (p less than 0.03) in the colchicine group than in the control group. 2. "Filamentous adhesions" - thin, elastic cords connecting omentum or pelvic fat bodies to other viscera; there was no significant difference in their number between the colchicine and the control group. We concluded that post operative treatment with colchicine reduces the formation of intraperitoneal adhesions in the rat. PMID- 7125705 TI - Histological and electron-microscopic examinations of collagenous connective tissue of the non-pregnant cervix, the pregnant cervix, and the pregnant prostaglandin-treated cervix. PMID- 7125704 TI - Obstetric features of mothers giving birth to infants with polycystic disease of the kidneys. PMID- 7125706 TI - [Renal angiomyolipoma and hypovolemic shock]. PMID- 7125707 TI - [25 years later. The natural history of a "mastic kidney"]. PMID- 7125708 TI - [Bladder carcinosarcoma. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 7125709 TI - [Endoscopic ureterectomy: preliminary report apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 7125710 TI - [Inverted papilloma of the prostatic urethra]. PMID- 7125711 TI - [Endometrioid carcinoma of the prostate. Long-term development]. PMID- 7125712 TI - High-dose intravenous methylprednisolone in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Fourteen patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were given 27 courses of methylprednisolone intravenously, each of 3 infusions of 1 g on alternate days. After 7 days there was marked improvement in clinical state and most laboratory tests; levels of ESR and 4 serum acute-phase proteins, C3, C, IgG, and IgA, fell significantly. Serum IgM and rheumatoid factor titre were unchanged. 125I C1q binding fell in all instances where it was initially raised. Clinical remission lasted a mean of 10 weeks. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) fell to less than 30 mg/l after all courses except one within 7 days and rose above this figure after a mean of 7 weeks. The ESR fell below 30 mm/h within seven days in 17 courses and remained below this value for a mean of 7 weeks. Three patients had clinical remissions, with serum CRP less than 30 mg/l and ESR less than 30 mm/h, lasting more than 42 weeks. PMID- 7125713 TI - Domiciliary self-measurement in the rheumatoid arthritis and the demonstration of circadian rhythmicity. AB - Symptoms and signs of rheumatoid arthritis vary within the day and from day to day. Interesting and possibly important observations can be missed when evaluations are based only on outpatient measurements, which are likely to be made at only one time and at infrequent intervals. We have found that patients can measure their own grip strength and finger joint sizes at home, and simultaneously assess overall pain and stiffness on numerical scales. Measurements made by patients were reproducible when made at the same time of day if on the same treatment. The patient's subjective assessment of pain and stiffness is a useful measure of the severity of rheumatoid arthritis. These pain and stiffness ratings were found to be well correlated with the patient's objective measurements of finger joint size and grip strength. Information not otherwise available can be collected by studying patients at home with these self measurement techniques. These have allowed the demonstration of circadian variations in the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and improved the evaluation of drugs studied in clinical trials. PMID- 7125714 TI - Serum copper and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Serum copper and thiol levels an caeruloplasmin activity were determined and compared with measurements of articular index, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and zinc and haemoglobin levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Superoxide dismutase activity, thiol, zinc, and copper levels of haemolysate were measured and compared with each other and to the above parameters. In serum, caeruloplasmin activity increased and thiol levels decreased, whereas in the haemolysate superoxide dismutase activity decreased and thiol levels increased. It is suggested that the changes in copper levels and in the activities of process which may be copper-dependent between plasma and cytosol in patients with rheumatoid arthritis reflect a change in oxidative status of the blood which may have implications in the pathogenesis of the disease. PMID- 7125715 TI - Obliterative bronchiolitis in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Two patients with rheumatoid arthritis who developed obliterative bronchiolitis are described. Both patients had received penicillamine. The first patient died in respiratory failure 4 months after the onset of her breathlessness and the diagnosis was confirmed at post-mortem. The second patient was diagnosed with appropriate lung function tests and has been started on azathioprine. Although she is still disabled by breathlessness 12 months after presentation, her condition has stabilised. PMID- 7125716 TI - SLE retinopathy: evaluation by fluorescein angiography. AB - Fifty-two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were examined by fluorescein angiography, and retinopathy was detected in 15. Three patterns of retinopathy were discerned: 4 patients had disc vasculitis, 6 had multiple cotton wool spots, and 5 had a normal fundal appearance but fluorescein leakage on angiography. One patient had arterial occlusive disease with retinal neovascularisation and another had extensive venous disease. With 3 exceptions retinopathy was found only in patients with active SLE. No association was discovered between retinopathy and cerebral disease; in particular, fluorescein angiography did no assist the diagnosis of mild cerebral lupus. PMID- 7125717 TI - C-reactive protein in childhood dermatomyositis. AB - Serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined in 9 patients with childhood dermatomyositis. Four children were seen during clinical relapse and all had serum CRP levels less than 1 mg/l. In addition direct immunofluorescent staining of muscle biopsies from 4 patients showed no evidence of CRP deposition in muscle tissue. Such patients appear to be able to produce CRP in response to acute infections, and it is suggested therefore that the pathological process in childhood dermatomyositis may not induce a significant CRP response. PMID- 7125719 TI - In-vitro studies of ineffective erythropoiesis in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Ineffective erythropoiesis was assessed in a series of 32 patients with rheumatoid arthritis by means of a new in-vitro method which measures the release of haem from a labelled cohort of erythroblasts in culture. Haem release was significantly increased in patients with the anaemia of chronic disorders but was normal in those who were not anaemic or who had an iron-deficiency anaemia. In 2 patients with anaemia of chronic disorders haem release returned to normal after successful antirheumatic therapy. The increased ineffective erythropoiesis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and anaemia of chronic disorders appeared to be unrelated to functional iron deficiency and was not attributable to a serum factor. PMID- 7125720 TI - Relationship between the tensile properties of articular cartilage from the human knee and age. AB - The relationship between the tensile properties of articular cartilage and age has been investigated in vitro in the human knee joint. Specimens orientated parallel to the articular surface were excised from the superficial and deep zones of the femoral condyles of knee joints of persons in the age range from 8 to 91 years. The results showed that the tensile strength of the superficial zone increased with age to reach a maximum value in the third decade. Thereafter the strength decreased markedly with increasing age. The tensile strength of cartilage from the deep zone did not show an increase in the early years but decreased continuously with age. The tensile stiffness of the superficial layer at stresses of 5 MN/m2 and 10 MN/m2 increased to maximum values in the third decade and thereafter decreased with increasing age. The stiffness of the deep zone decreased continuously with age. It is suggested that these results reflect changes in the organisation of the collagen fibre mesh with age and possibly also changes in the collagen cross-links. PMID- 7125718 TI - Long-term outcome in Felty's syndrome. AB - Felty's syndrome has again been shown to be a severe form of systemic rheumatoid disease characterised by severe joint involvement, many extra-articular features, and a high incidence of infection. In addition we have shown that splenectomy was not protective for infections and in fact may on occasion contributed to infection. Furthermore, although most patients had an increase in white blood cell count after splenectomy, 50% of patients without splenectomy showed a similar increase in white blood cell counts at follow-up. Mortality in Felty's syndrome was high, with infection being the main cause of death. PMID- 7125722 TI - Adult-onset Still's disease: destructive distal interphalangeal arthritis associated with transient capsular calcification. AB - A case is described of adult-onset Still's disease with severe destructive arthritis of the distal interphalangeal joints of the hand, associated with transient capsular calcification. PMID- 7125721 TI - Influence of x-ray treatment on antigen-induced experimental arthritis. AB - Six groups of 3 rabbits each were immunised with ovalbumin and received one intra articular injection of antigen. The animals of 3 groups received local x-ray irradiation of 600 rads for 8 minutes to the right knee joint 12 days after the intra-articular challenge. Animals of the other 3 groups were not irradiated. The antigen-induced arthritis was investigated by determining the exudation is synovial fluid and by histological study of the synovium examined 48 hours, 7 days, and 4 weeks after the irradiation date. All animals in the nonirradiated groups showed a distinct chronic synovitis. Irradiated animals showed almost no synovitis 48 hours and 7 days following irradiation. In 2 rabbits synovitis had reappeared 4 weeks after irradiation with findings similar to those in the control groups. Only one animal still showed an inhibition of synovitis. X-ray irradiation of non-challenged knees did not induce any pathological changes. This time-limited effect of one local irradiation on antigen-induced arthritis seems to be mainly an anti-inflammatory action. Local immunological inhibition might possibly operate too. X-ray induced inhibition of synovitis is compared with the effect of locally injected radiocolloids. PMID- 7125723 TI - Clinical trials: why not do them properly? PMID- 7125725 TI - Use of visual analogue scales. PMID- 7125724 TI - Osteoarthritis of the hip: the patient behind the disease. PMID- 7125726 TI - The effectiveness of gastric bypass over gastric partition in morbid obesity: consequence of distal gastric and duodenal exclusion. AB - Eighty-seven morbidly obese patients were prospectively randomized to two operations: gastric bypass was performed on 42 and gastric partition on 45. Gastric bypass proved to be more effective; gastric bypass patients lost 15% more of their original weight at 12 months and 21% more at 18 months. There were no failures in the gastric bypass group; 28 of the 45 operations failed in the gastric partition group. An additional 60 patients underwent gastric bypass since the completion of the study. In the total series of 147 patients who underwent gastric bypass or gastric partition, there was no mortality, and the surgical complication rate was 12%. Because the gastric pouches and the anastomoses were similar in the two operations, the superiority of the gastric bypass may well be due to a heretofore unexplained effect of distal gastric and duodenal exclusion. PMID- 7125728 TI - Proximal bile duct tumors: surgical management with silastic transhepatic biliary stents. AB - Over a nine-year period, 27 patients with proximal biliary tumors were operated upon. In ten of the 27 patients (37%) tumor resection including the hepatic bifurcation was possible, and bilateral hepaticojejunostomies were performed using silastic transhepatic biliary stents. In the remaining 17 patients the tumor was partially resected, dilated, or bypassed, and reconstruction to a Roux en-Y-jejunal loop was carried out using silastic transhepatic biliary stents. Hospital mortality for those patients undergoing resection was zero, and for the entire group 4% (1/27). The mean bilirubin on admission was 13.2 mg/dl and after discharge fell to a mean of 1.5 mg/dl. Mean survival for the entire group is 18 months with 11 patients still alive. Mean survival for the first nine patients undergoing resection is 21 months with seven patients still alive (one for over 5 years). The 15 patients dying following discharge survived for a mean of 14 months. PMID- 7125729 TI - Nonspecific enhancement of resistance to bacterial infection: evidence of an effect supplemental to antibiotics. AB - Experiments have been undertaken to further characterize the actions of the synthetic immunoadjuvant compound, muramyl dipeptide (MDP), in an animal model simulating surgical infection. When used prophylactically in combination with antibiotics, MDP proved to be significantly additive in terms of local and systemic effects, and survival, to both chloramphenicol (p less than 0.01) and cephaloridine (p less than 0.05). The combined use of MDP and cephaloridine therapy, initiated four or six hours following infectious challenge and including a surgical foreign body in starved and refed animals, showed statistically significant decreases in bacteremia during early time periods, as well an increased early survival (p less than 0.02), compared with the use of cephaloridine alone. Benefits observed in the therapeutic mode were of lesser magnitude than those observed following prophylactic use, but the model used was a much more significant physiologic challenge. Evidence indicating additive effects to those of antibiotics is essential prior to the use of MDP in clinical trials. PMID- 7125730 TI - Surgical management of reflux strictures of the esophagus in childhood. AB - The etiology of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in infancy is related to developmental factors, and there is a high incidence of associated conditions such as neurologic syndromes and esophageal atresia (60%). This is different from the situation in adults. Experience with 18 consecutive children with peptic esophageal strictures is reviewed to determine if conservative surgical management is effective. Eighteen children 14 months to 13 years (mean 6.3 years) of age took an average of 3.5 years from the time of onset of symptoms of GER to develop tight strictures diagnosed by esophagography and esophagoscopy. The incidence of stricture in patients with GER was approximately 15%. Preoperative dilation or direct surgical management prior to correction of reflux is ineffective. All 18 children were managed by intraoperative dilatation, Nissen fundoplication, and guided dilatation after operation. More aggressive surgical procedures were not required nor were associated operations such as pyloroplasty; they are rarely necessary. An average three-year follow-up indicates that this conservative surgical approach is effective in the management of peptic esophageal strictures in childhood with relief of symptoms and gratifying improvement in growth. PMID- 7125731 TI - Motor speech deficit following carotid endarterectomy. AB - Stroke as a complication of carotid endarterectomy has been extensively reviewed. Considerably less attention has been directed to local injuries of the cranial nerves and their branches. Verta, Hertzer, Imparato, DeWeese, and Matsumoto have reported experience with these injuries. DeWeese found a 9.7% rate of cranial nerve injury, while in Hertzer's series, 15% of patients had nerve dysfunction in the early postendarterectomy period. In 1980, Liapis in a preliminary report found that when postoperative examination was supplemented by detailed evaluation by speech pathologists, the incidence of early abnormalities reached 27%. The purpose of this study was to expand upon Liapis' early observation and to clarify the contribution of the speech pathologists in identifying cranial nerve dysfunctions, specifically those resulting in motor speech abnormalities, following carotid endarterectomy. PMID- 7125727 TI - Preservation of arterial flow to the liver: goal in treatment of extrahepatic and post-traumatic intrahepatic aneurysms of the hepatic artery. AB - Post-traumatic intrahepatic aneurysms are frequent sources of intrahepatic and intrabiliary bleeding. The authors describe selective management of ten recent post-traumatic intrahepatic aneurysms, five extrahepatic aneurysms, and one ruptured hepatic artery in a patient with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Twelve patients had gastrointestinal bleeding or jaundice. Intraperitoneal rupture occurred twice. One aneurysm grew to 9 cm in diameter during nine years. Angiography should precede surgery whenever possible, and transcatheter occlusion should in general receive first priority. Aneurysms of the common hepatic artery usually can be excluded by proximal and distal ligation. Arterial bypass or serial angiographic occlusion is preferred for aneurysms of the proper hepatic artery. Intrahepatic aneurysms should usually be treated by angiographic thrombosis. Eigation of the proper hepatic artery or its branches should be reserved for exsanguination from unsuspected intrahepatic aneurysms encountered in the operating room. Lobectomy is required rarely. PMID- 7125732 TI - Avoidance of postcarotid endarterectomy hypertension. AB - To minimize extreme blood pressure changes after carotid endarterectomy, dissection methods were developed to preserve the intercarotid neural bundle supplying the carotid baroreceptors and applied to our last 90 consecutive carotid endarterectomies. Hypertension was defined as a rise in systolic blood pressure greater than 40 mmHg and hypotension as a drop of 40 mmHg in those with preoperative hypertension or a systolic blood pressure of less than 100 mmGh. There were 46 cases hypertensive before operation, and the remaining 44 were normotensive before operation. When the series was analyzed, half the patients undergoing nerve-sparing dissection became hypotensive, irrespective of pre existing hypertension extent and bilaterality of stenoses, and preoperative neurologic deficits. Hypotension was a transient and benign process and easily controlled by catheter instillation of 2% xylocaine in the postoperative period. Hypertension, which occurred in ten patients, was equally benign; only five required treatment. There were no deaths or neurologic deficits. Nerve-sparing carotid dissection and catheter placement for block of the carotid sinus nerves are valuable methods to minimize extreme blood pressure changes after carotid endarterectomy. PMID- 7125733 TI - Detection of vascular defects during operation by imaging ultrasound. AB - Real-time high resolution ultrasound imaging was employed during reconstructive vascular operation in 165 patients. The purpose of this diagnostic procedure was to detect unrecognized strictures, thrombi, and intimal flaps in order to permit their surgical correction at the primary operation. Defects were discovered in 48 patients (29%). In 34 patients (21%), because of size and location, defects were not considered sufficiently significant to warrant re-exploration. In 14 patients (8%), ultrasound revealed defects that prompted immediate re-exploration. Patients with ultrasound defects considered to be insignificant did as well as patients with no demonstrable defects. In the 14 patients who were re-explored, 12 had major defects that were corrected. These 12 patients also did well after operation. In two of the 14 patients, defects could not be found at re exploration. Both these patients experienced early thrombosis of bypass grafts. In 56 patients, ultrasound was compared with arteriography at the same operation. The accuracy of operative ultrasound and operative arteriography was 96% and 85%, respectively. Operative ultrasound is more accurate, simpler and safer than arteriography and may be the preferred method for detection of vascular defects at reconstructive surgery. PMID- 7125736 TI - Surgical repair of Ebstein's anomaly. AB - Ebstein's anomaly is a complex malformation that has been treated by various surgical techniques, with variable results, since 1958. In 1972, the authors developed a repair that consisted of plication of the free wall of the atrialized portion of the right ventricle, posterior tricuspid anuloplasty, and right atrial reduction. The repair is based on the construction of a monocusp valve by the use of the anterior leaflet of the tricuspid valve, which is usually enlarged in this anomaly. Not all patients are candidates for this procedure, however, because of significant abnormalities of the anterior leaflet such as inadequate size or attachment of the free edge of the leaflet to the ventricular wall. This report describes a ten-year experience with surgical repair of Ebstein's anomaly. PMID- 7125735 TI - Esophageal function in patients with angina-type chest pain and normal coronary angiograms. AB - Ten per cent of patients with angina pectoris have normal coronary arteries and cardiac function and, despite this reassurance, continue to have chest pain. Since pain of cardiac or esophageal origin is clinically difficult to differentiate, 50 patients with severe chest pain, normal cardiac function, and normal coronary arteriography with ergotamine provocation were evaluated with a symptomatic questionnaire and esophageal function test. On 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring, 23 patients had abnormal reflux, and 27 were normal. There was no difference in the incidence and severity of chest pain, esophageal symptoms, or medication taken between refluxers and nonrefluxers. Ten refluxers and ten nonrefluxers had chest pain on exercise electrocardiography. Thirteen refluxers documented chest pain during the pH monitoring period, and in 12 it coincided with a reflux episode. Fifteen nonrefluxers documented chest pain during the monitoring period, and in only one did it coincide with a reflux episode. Of the 23 refluxers, 12 were treated with medical therapy and 11 by a surgical antireflux procedure, and all followed for two to three years. Ten (91%) of the 11 surgically treated patients are totally free of chest pain compared with five (42%) of the 12 medically treated patients. All 12 patients who had chest pain coincide with a documented reflux episode responded positively to antireflux therapy, eight surgical and four medical. It is concluded that 46% of patients complaining of angina pectoris with normal cardiac function and coronary arteriography have gastroesophageal reflux as a possible etiology. Seventy-three per cent of these patients have total abolition of chest pain by either surgical or medical antireflux therapy. Patients whose experience of chest pain coincided with a documented reflux episode on 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring had a 100% response to medical or surgical therapy. Overall, surgical therapy gave better results (91%) but was associated with an 18% temporary morbidity. Objective evaluation of reflux status and its correlation to the symptom of chest pain by 24-hour pH monitoring allows for selective therapy in these difficult to manage patients. PMID- 7125734 TI - Selective management of flail chest and pulmonary contusion. AB - Four hundred and twenty-seven patients with severe blunt chest trauma were treated resulting in (1) flail chest, (2) pulmonary contusions, (3) pneumothorax, (4) hemothorax, or (5) multiple rib fracture. The need for endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation was determined selectively by standard clinical criteria. Avoidance of fluid overload and vigorous pulmonary toilet was attempted in all patients. Three hundred and twenty-eight patients were treated by nonintubation; 318 patients (96.6%) had a successful outcome, while ten required intubation. Only one patient died. The 99 patients who required intubation and mechanical ventilation had a high mortality because of associated shock and head injury; however, the total mortality for the entire group of patients was 6.5%, with only 1.4% mortality caused by pulmonary injury. The incidence of pneumonia was high (51%), but there was only a 4% incidence of tracheostomy complications. Flail chest and pulmonary contusion without flail chest occurred in 95 and 135 patients, respectively. Half of the flail chest patients were intubated, but 69.5% were intubated less than three days. Twenty per cent of the patients with pulmonary contusion required mechanical ventilation, usually for less than three days. This study demonstrates that patients with severe blunt chest trauma can be managed safely by selective intubation and mechanical, ventilation and that the incidence of complications associated with controlled mechanical ventilation can be greatly reduced. PMID- 7125737 TI - Thyroid venous catheterization in the early diagnosis of familial medullary thyroid carcinoma. AB - In kindreds with familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), individuals are often detected whose peripheral plasma calcitonin (CT) levels are undetectable in the basal state but increase minimally following provocative testing. The proper management of such patients has been uncertain, but most investigators have advocated repeat testing and evaluation after an interval of several months. The present study was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic implications of these modest increases in plasma calcitonin. In 25 kindred members at direct risk for familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), basal peripheral plasma calcitonin (CT) levels were less than 240 pg/ml. Following provocative testing with intravenous calcium or pentagastrin or both, calcitonin values remained below 240 pg/ml in eight subjects (Group A), however, they were mildly elevated (260-580 pg/ml) in 12 subjects (Group B) and moderately elevated (700-940 pg/ml) in five subjects (Group C). Following the transfemoral placement of a catheter into the inferior thyroid vein (ITV), provocative testing was repeated, and ITV and peripheral blood samples were collected simultaneously. Basal ITV plasma CT levels were below 240 pg/ml in all patients in Group A, however, they were mildly elevated (500 pg/ml) in one of the 12 patients in Group B and moderately elevated (800 pg/ml, 1400 pg/ml) in two of the five patients in Group C. Following provocation, ITV plasma CT levels became markedly elevated in one patient in Group A and in all of the patients in Groups B(2520+/-635 pg/ml) and C (6322+/ 2598 pg/ml). Thyroidectomy was performed in patients whose ITV plasma CT level was elevated following provocative testing. Medullary thyroid carcinoma of C-cell hyperplasia were evident either on microscopic (1/1 patient in Group A;9/12 patients in Group B; and 2/5 patients in Group C), or gross (3/12 patients in Group B;3/5 patients in Group C) examination of thyroidectomy specimens. In only one of 14 patients was metastatic MTC noted on histologic examination of resected cervical lymph nodes. Postoperative peripheral plasma CT levels were unchanged from basal and less than 240 pg/ml following provocative testing in all but one patient. The present study then provides definitive evidence that patients at direct risk for familial MTC who have even minimally abnormal responses in peripheral plasma CT following provocative testing generally harbor some stage of a C-cell proliferative disorder. Identification of such individuals with early disease is important because thyroidectomy offers an extremely high cure rate. PMID- 7125738 TI - The early diagnosis of gastrinoma. AB - Despite the increasing awareness of gastrinoma and its lethal peptic ulcer sequelae, the diagnosis is often initially missed or made as a terminal event. The authors screened all patients with peptic ulcer symptoms serious enough to warrant hospital admission or those associated with diarrhea, nephrolithiasis, hypercalcemia, or pituitary abnormality. In a one-year period (1979-1980) nine (of 14 suspected) new gastrinoma patients were identified using a sensitive and specific gastrin radioimmunoassay in combination with provocative tests including IV secretin, calcium, and food. Conventional upper GI series, CAT scan, arteriography, and endoscopy provided no additional information other than to confirm the presence of ulcer disease. Basal plasma gastrin levels were more than 200 pmol L-1 in only three of the nine (normal fasting plasma gastrin levels are less than 25 pmol L-1). Three patients presented with acute ulcer perforation, and the diagnosis of gastrinoma was suspected because of multiple ulcers and pancreatic masses. In three other patients, previous duodenal ulcer surgery had failed. One patient with dyspepsia, high basal plasma gastrin, negative secretin and calcium infusion studies, and a positive meal test was diagnosed as having G cell hyperplasia; this was confirmed by biopsy and antral gastrin extraction. Antrectomy alone resulted in cure. In all patients tested, a positive calcium infusion or secretin bolus (greater than 100% rise over basal) strongly suggested the diagnosis of gastrinoma, which was confirmed at surgery. In the acute perforations, initial management with omental patch and cimetidine therapy allowed survival of two patients, while emergency total gastrectomy in the third resulted in death due to esophagojejunal leak. Elective patients were treated with cimetidine initially for at least two weeks before total gastrectomy. In this group there were no operative mortalities, and postoperative morbidity was minimal. This series illustrates three important points: (1) careful screening of an ulcer population using gastrin radioimmunoassay and provocative tests has enabled a high yield of gastrinomas while conventional investigations are of minimal values; (2) a high index of suspicion in appropriate cases is necessary; and (3) total gastrectomy performed under elective circumstances is safe and allows the patients to resume a normal and healthy life without the sequelae of aggressive peptic ulceration or daily drug administration. PMID- 7125740 TI - Metabolic consequences from conversion of jejunoileal bypass to gastric bypass. AB - Conversion of jejunoileal bypass to gastric bypass was performed in 11 patients because of metabolic problems and physical discomforts, and in three patients because of insufficient weight loss. There was no mortality and little morbidity after operation. An additional mean weight loss of 6% occurred, and weight stabilized satisfactorily in most patients. Two patients regained significant weight. Serum cholesterol levels rose within a month in most patients, with a mean increase of 61%. However, levels remained within normal limits. Serum triglyceride levels did not change significantly, especially in patients whose weight remained stabilized. Plasma glucose levels remained normal in all patients, including four patients who had been clinically diabetic before jejunoileal bypass. These patients had become normoglycemic immediately after jejunoileal bypass, and remained normal after conversion to gastric bypass. PMID- 7125741 TI - Prospective evaluation of central venous pressure (CVP) catheters in a large city county hospital. AB - Over a 12-month period, this survey was conducted prospectively to examine the complication rate associated with the insertion and use of central venous catheters on the Louisiana State University Service at Charity Hospital, New Orleans. No attempt was made to alter or influence the current techniques and methods for catheter insertion. Three-hundred and ninety-seven patients received 554 catheters. The overall complication rate was 13.7%. Major mechanical complications occurred with 4.0% of catheters, and infectious complications occurred with 5.2%. Of the 22 major mechanical complications, 13 were associated with morbidity. Twelve of the 13 complications with morbidity occurred with 286 subclavian catheterizations (4.2%), while only 1 of the 13 complications with morbidity occurred with 248 internal jugular catheterizations (0.4%). Based on these data, it is recommended that the internal jugular approach be used in the majority of patients, reserving the subclavian approach for patients on long-term parenteral nutrition or when the internal jugular approach is not feasible technically. PMID- 7125739 TI - Evaluation of splenic embolization in patients with portal hypertension and hypersplenism. AB - Twenty-five patients with hypersplenism caused by portal hypertension were treated by repeated partial splenic embolization. Fourteen surviving patients were followed for up to six years showing a good response on peripheral blood count and bleeding tendency. Three patients died in connection with the treatment and another eight died within half a year because of the underlying liver disease. The discomfort and complications of fever, pain, pleural effusion, and abscess formation and the possibility to avoid these by repeated partial embolization under antibiotic cover are discussed. The results are compared with reports in the reviewed actual literature and the splenic embolization is given a place among the means of a successful selective symptomatic treatment of partial hypertension. PMID- 7125742 TI - Mental status, the intensive care unit, and cimetidine. AB - A blinded, prospective study of the association between cimetidine treatment and altered mental status (MS) was evaluated in 217 surgical intensive care patients stratified by the degree of renal or hepatic dysfunction or both. The cimetidine and noncimetidine groups did not differ in blood chemistries, physiologic metabolic data, or concurrent medications. There was a correlation between treatment with cimetidine and changes in MS (p less than 0.0001). The MS changes with cimetidine ranged from 33% for neither hepatic nor renal dysfunction to 80% for both renal and liver impairment. The magnitude of MS change was influenced by disease and serum concentration, with patients with both renal and liver disease having the greatest MS change at the highest serum concentrations. The type of MS change was also disease specific. All MS change cleared within 24 to 36 hours of stopping the drug. It appears that both dosage and underlying disease state are important factors determining the nature and severity of cimetidine-associated mental status changes. PMID- 7125743 TI - Free perforation of the small intestine. AB - Surgeons operating on patients with an obscure peritonitis should be aware of the diverse etiologies of small intestinal perforation and the general principles of management of each. A series of 16 adult patients with free perforation of the small intestine and spreading peritonitis in the absence of bowel obstruction, incarcerated hernia, or trauma is reviewed. Etiologies were as follows: Crohn's disease, four patients; foreign body ingestion, two patients; jejunal diverticulosis, one patient; lymphoma, two patients; cancer chemotherapy, one patient, amyloidosis, one patient; idiopathic, five patients. Although all patient presented with diffuse peritonitis, the findings of fever and leukocytosis were inconstant. Free air was demonstrated on radiographs in only eight of 16 patients, and the correct preoperative diagnosis was not made except in the four patients with Crohn's disease. Resection and primary anastomosis were utilized successfully in ten patients, the remainder of the patients undergoing oversewing the the perforation. Four patients (25%) died. PMID- 7125744 TI - Postoperative small bowel obstruction in infants and children. AB - In the Pediatric Surgical Department of The St Radboud Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, between January 1970 and December 1980, 1476 laparotomies were performed on neonates, infants, and children. In 33 of these patient the abdominal surgery was complicated by a postoperative small bowel obstruction (SBO), for which a second laparotomy had to be performed. In 80% of patients this SBO developed within three months of the prior operation. The risk of developing an adhesive SBO was greater when there was more than one prior peritoneal procedure, and when, during this prior procedure, there was already a peritonitis. There was no obvious relation with the nature of the original operation. In more than 70% of patients a single adhesion caused the obstruction, while in many of these cases there were already circulatory disturbances, even by early reintervention. The mortality was 6%. PMID- 7125745 TI - The appendiceal mass: results of conservative management. AB - During a ten-year period 193 patients with an appendiceal mass--and subsequently proved postinflammatory changes of the appendix--were treated conservatively. The course was uneventful in 88%. Twelve per cent underwent delayed surgical intervention caused by complications with one death. Elective appendectomy was performed after three months with a complication rate of 3.4%. In comparison with series with early operation the conservative management seems to carry a lower morbidity. The value of elective appendectomy is discussed. PMID- 7125746 TI - Elevated intra-abdominal pressure and renal function. AB - The effect of increased intra-abdominal pressure on cardiac output and renal function was investigated using anesthetized dogs into whom inflatable intraperitoneal bags were placed. Hemodynamic and renal function measurements were made at intra-abdominal pressures of 0, 20, and 40 mmHg. Renal blood flo and glomerular filtration rate decreased to les than 25% of normal when the intra abdominal pressure was elevated to 20 mmHg. At 40 mmHg intra-abdominal pressure, three dogs became anuric, and the renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate of the remaining dogs was 7% of normal, while cardiac output was reduced to 37% of normal. Expansion of the blood volume using Dextran-40 easily corrected the deficit in cardiac output, but renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate remained less than 25% of normal. Renal vascular resistance increased 555% when the intra-abdominal pressure was elevated from 0 to 20 mmHg, an increase fifteen fold that of systemic vascular resistance. This suggests that the impairment in renal function produced by increased intra-abdominal pressure is a local phenomenon caused by direct renal compression and is not related to cardiac output. PMID- 7125747 TI - Colonoscopic decompression of acute pseudo-obstruction of the colon. AB - The recent advances in technology have made it possible to decompress acute pseudo-obstruction of the colon with colonoscope instead of celiotomy and cecostomy. Twenty-two patients who developed acute pseudo-obstruction of the colon and underwent colonoscopy were analyzed. The authors were successful in completely or partially decompressing the dilated colon in 19 of 22 patients. There were no complications. Acute pseudo-obstruction of the colon is usually secondary to intra- or extra-abdominal insult resulting in direct or reflex derangement of the sacral parasympathetic outflow. This causes a functional obstruction of the left colon. The goal of management is to prevent colonic perforation while treating the primary problems. Once the diagnosis has been made, colonoscopy should be attempted. Celiotomy should be reserved to cases in which colonoscopy is unsuccessful or in cases with perforation or impending perforation. PMID- 7125748 TI - Tolerance of retroperitoneal structures to intraoperative radiation. AB - In conjunction with the clinical development of intraoperative radiotherapy, a study was undertaken in dogs to define the tolerance of normal anatomic structures in the retroperitoneum to radiation delivered during operation. Twenty adult dogs were subjected to laparotomy and intraoperative 11 MeV electron irradiation in single doses ranging from 0.to 5000 rad. Animals were followed regularly with clinical observation, blood count, serum chemistries, pyelography, and angiography. Animals were sacrificed and autopsied at regular intervals up to 12 months following treatment to assess radiation-induced complications or tissue damage. Irradiation field in all dogs consisted of a 4 X 15 cm rectangle extending inthe retroperitoneum from the level of the renal vessels to the bifurcation of aorta and vena cava. The field included aorta, vena cava, inferior portion of left kidney, and distal portion of left ureter. No complications or histologic changes occurred in any animal given doses of 2000 rad, with a follow up in excess of 18 months. A dose of 3000 rad was well tolerated, except for left ureteral occlusion in one animal. Mild vascular fibrosis was present inthe aorta and vena cava, and significant ureteral fibrosis developed by six months after doses of 4000 or 5000 rad. All animals that received 5000 rad died of radiation related complications, including ureteral obstruction and rectal perforation. It was concluded that major vessels tolerate intraoperative irradiation well up to and including 3000 rad and that no clinically significant vascular problems develop after 4000 and 5000 rad, although some fibrosis does occur. The ureter and kidney appear to be the most radiosensitive structures inthe retroperitoneum, showing progressive changes at 300 rad or greater and showing the potential for serious complications after doses of 4000 rad or more. PMID- 7125749 TI - Ringer's lactate to reconstitute packed red blood cells. PMID- 7125751 TI - Method for extracting retained calculi from the biliary tree. PMID- 7125750 TI - Recurrence rates in breast cancer patients. PMID- 7125753 TI - Multiple primary carcinomas of the colon. PMID- 7125752 TI - Treatment of gallbladder carcinoma. PMID- 7125755 TI - Serum and erythrocyte concentrations of chloroquine in patients with acute diarrhoea. PMID- 7125754 TI - Vein graft preservation. PMID- 7125757 TI - Characterization of stocks of Trypanosoma vivax. I. Isoenzyme studies. PMID- 7125756 TI - Infection of mice concurrently with Schistosoma mansoni and rodent malarias: contrasting effects of patent S. mansoni infections on Plasmodium chabaudi, P. yoelii and P. berghei. PMID- 7125759 TI - Studies on the infection rates of a West African stock of Trypanosoma vivax in Glossina morsitans morsitans and G. m. centralis. PMID- 7125758 TI - Characterization of stocks of Trypanosoma vivax. II. Immunological studies. PMID- 7125760 TI - Photography of cataract in mice congenitally infected with Toxoplasma gondii. PMID- 7125761 TI - Attempts to immunize golden hamsters against Entamoeba histolytica. PMID- 7125762 TI - Biomphalaria angulosa Mandahl-Barth, as an intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni in Malawi. PMID- 7125763 TI - Are there ischemic lung diseases? PMID- 7125765 TI - The intermediate coronary care unit: a promise unfulfilled. PMID- 7125766 TI - Abnormalities in the mitral valve apparatus in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis. Autopsy and echocardiographic correlation. AB - Examination of the heart at autopsy in patients who received long-term hemodialysis revealed the following two changes in the mitral valve apparatus previously almost completely overlooked: (1) fibrosis and thickening affecting chordae tendineae in four cases: in one, severe mitral regurgitation was documented by hemodynamic studies; (2) extensive calcification in the mitral anulus region in two cases, with calcification in the base of the mitral leaflets in one and in the papillary muscle and chordae tendineae in the other. The causes of these abnormalities is unclear. Rheumatic and other known causes all seem unlikely origins of the extensive fibrosis. Secondary hyperparathyroidism is probably responsible for the calcification. In all six patients, these abnormalities in the mitral valve apparatus, which may be associated with functional impairment, were diagnosed during life by M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography. PMID- 7125764 TI - Central apnea. PMID- 7125767 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus in men. Genetic and endocrine features. AB - Sixteen men with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were examined to assess their genetic and hormonal status. The results of buccal smears in 13 patients examined were normal. Hormonal profiling was done in eight patients receiving no steroid therapy. Four patients had elevated plasma estradiol levels (30, 35, 55, and 103 pg/mL; normal, 12 to 23 pg/mL) and elevated plasma estrone levels (115, 150, 155, and 160 pg/mL; normal, 48 to 100 pg/mL). One patient had a decreased serum testosterone level (134 ng/dL; normal, 300 to 1,000 ng/dL), with an elevated luteinizing hormone (LH) level (4.2 ng/mL; normal, 1.6 to 4.0 ng/mL). One patient had an elevation in both levels of serum follicle-stimulating hormone (17.6 ng/mL; normal, 1 to 5 ng/mL) and LH (10.0 ng/mL). Two patients given infusions of 3H-androstenedione and 14C-testosterone had normal findings from kinetic studies of these hormones. Hyperestrogenemia and hypoandrogenemia observed in some men with SLE suggest that female sex hormones may create an immunologic milieu that facilitates the autoimmune phenomena. PMID- 7125768 TI - Health education program effects on the management of hypertension in the elderly. AB - Because the elderly are viewed as having more difficulty in complying with therapy, this analysis was directed at the effects of a health education program on their control of primary hypertension when compared with a younger population. The program consisted of three sequential interventions introduced in a randomized factorial design. Depsite the fact that elderly patients had more chronic disease, more complications from hypertension, and were receiving more complex drug therapies than younger patients exposed to the same experimental interventions, they demonstrated significantly higher levels of compliance with drug therapy, significantly higher levels of appointment keeping, and no difference in the proportion having their BP under control at two-year-follow-up. Longitudinal data collected at five-year follow-up indicate no decay effect. These results indicate such programs can be successfully implemented and equally effective for an elderly population. PMID- 7125769 TI - Erythema nodosum and blastomycosis. AB - Two patients with blastomycosis and erythema nodosum are described. In one patient, the underlying blastomycosis resolved after wedge resection of the pulmonary infiltrate, but without chemotherapy. In the second patient, the underlying disseminated blastomycosis required amphotericin B therapy. Blastomycosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of erythema nodosum. PMID- 7125770 TI - Hypouricemia due to an increment in renal tubular urate secretion. AB - Two patients had hypouricemia due to increased uric acid clearance. Their daily urinary uric acid excretions were normal. In both patients, pyrazinamide decreased urinary uric acid clearance to almost while probenecid increased it markedly. No other renal tubular or metabolic abnormalities were found. The serum electrolytes and the urinary electrolytes excretions showed no abnormalities. It appears that increased secretion of uric acid in the renal tubule is most probably responsible for hypouricemia in these patients. This report adds to the list of hypouricemic conditions due to a new isolated renal tubular abnormality. PMID- 7125771 TI - The physician-patient accommodation: a central event in clinical medicine. PMID- 7125772 TI - Renal tubular acidosis. PMID- 7125774 TI - Left atrial leiomyosarcoma: manifestation as unexplained pulmonary vascular disease. AB - Primary, left-sided cardiac tumors are a rare cause of unexplained pulmonary hypertension. We describe herein two patients with leiomyosarcoma of the left atrium, who were initially seen with symptoms suggestive of primary pulmonary hypertension, venoocclusive disease, or multiple, small thromboemboli. Postmortem examination showed extension of the leiomyosarcoma into the pulmonary veins, which resulted in pulmonary venous hypertension. Although unusual, the occurrence of left-sided cardiac neoplasms should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients who are initially seen with unexplained pulmonary hypertension. An open lung biopsy should be considered and may indicate a venous origin for the hypertension. PMID- 7125773 TI - Pronounced and prolonged ST segment elevation: a pathognomonic sign of tumor invasion of the heart. AB - Electrocardiographic abnormalities are commonly seen with tumor invasion of the heart. However, most of these abnormalities are nonspecific. Pronounced and prolonged ST segment elevation. In the absence of myocardial infarction occurred in a patient with carcinoma of the lung. Noninvasive cardiac studies suggested the presence of tumor invasion of the heart, which was confirmed at autopsy. Prolonged ST segment elevation in the absence of Q waves seems to be a pathognomonic sign for tumor invasion of the heart. PMID- 7125777 TI - Painless dissection of the descending aorta detected by two-dimensional echocardiography. PMID- 7125776 TI - Sepsis and pacemaker malfunction. AB - An unconventional presentation of an elderly man with sepsis and a nonfunctioning permanent cardiac pacemaker is reviewed. Our interpretations of signs of an acute abdomen and laboratory evidence suggestive of acute cholecystitis did not lead to the correct diagnosis. The pacemaker electrode had perforated the myocardium and this event is believed to be secondary to bacterial endocarditis at the electrode tip. The therapeutic implications of this unique case are discussed. PMID- 7125775 TI - Endomyocardial fibrosis with aortic, mitral, and tricuspid valve involvement. AB - We recently saw a patient with endomyocardial fibrosis of the left ventricle, with aortic, mitra, and tricuspid valve involvement. The patient resided in Madrid and had never been to Africa. There was no history of filariasis. The patient underwent left ventricle endocardiectomy, aortic and mitral valve replacement with tricuspid valve commissurotomy, and Carpentier annuloplasty. Prospective follow-up was uneventful. Pathogenesis and surgical features are discussed herein. PMID- 7125778 TI - Bilateral chylothorax complicating Mustard repair of transposition of the great vessels. AB - Less than 60 cases of bilateral chylothorax have been previously reported, and only two of these involve complicated Mustard procedures. We describe herein a patient in whom severe bilateral chylothorax developed three weeks after Mustard repair of D transposition. Complete reversal of this condition was obtained with revision of the constricted interatrial baffle and ligation of the thoracic duct. This cases is compared clinically with previously reported instances of chylothorax, and the role of played by obstruction of the superior vena cava after a Mustard procedure for transposition of the great vessels is emphasized. PMID- 7125779 TI - Primary pulmonary Hodgin's disease: a case report. AB - A case of Hodgkin's disease occurred with pulmonary involvement as the initial feature. The disease was initially seen clinically and roentgenographically as a diffuse pulmonary infiltrate. To our knowledge, the pattern of diffuse pneumonic involvement without intrathoracic lymphadenopathy at presentation has been reported only in one other case. Differentiation of this diffuse pneumonic pattern of primary pulmonary Hodgkin's disease from the more common pattern of a focal mass or infiltrate is important in considering appropriate therapy. PMID- 7125780 TI - Haloperidol and sudden death due to pulmonary edema. PMID- 7125781 TI - Embolization of a left ventricular mural thrombus: verification by two dimensional echocardiography. AB - A two-dimensional (2-D) echocardiogram in a 69-year-old man disclosed a septal apical left ventricular thrombus six days after an acute anterior wall myocardial infarction. On the ninth hospital day, he suddenly experienced left-sided weakness and a left-sided field cut consistent with the diagnosis of a cerebrovascular accident (CVA). A repeated 2-D echocardiogram showed that the original mural thrombus had completely disappeared, which strongly supported an embolic event as the cause of the CVA. Two-dimensional echocardiography helped to verify the cause of this patient's neurologic problem. The mechanism and predisposing factors that led to a systemic embolism are discussed. PMID- 7125782 TI - Failure of erythromycin in preventing bacterial endocarditis. AB - Use of oral erythromycin to prevent bacterial endocarditis has been accepted in the treatment of penicillin-allergic patients who required oral or sinusal surgery. A case of Streptococcus sanguis endocarditis, however, developed in a patient following intravenous erythromycin administration during surgery on the maxillary sinus. The organism isolated proved resistant to erythromycin. This isolation of an erythromycin-resistant organism, together with previous reports of the drug's failure in preventing endocarditis in animal models, and recognition of the bacteriostatic action of erythromycin, argue for caution in our current practice of using erythromycin as a single drug therapy to prevent endocarditis in the patient who is allergic to penicillin. PMID- 7125783 TI - Intrathoracic and multiple abdominal pheochromocytomas in von Hippel-Lindau disease. AB - A patient had von Hippel-Lindau disease, a functional intrathoracic paraganglioma (pheochromocytoma), bilateral adrenal pheochromocytomas, and a para-adrenal pheochromocytoma. Seven other members of the patient's family had features of von Hippel-Lindau disease and one, a cousin, had medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. This is the first report of a pheochromocytoma arising outside the abdomen in von Hippel-Lindau disease and the 25th report of intrathoracic pheochromocytoma in the literature. The association between von Hippel-Lindau disease and pheochromocytoma is reviewed. PMID- 7125784 TI - Alternative mechanisms for severe neutropenia. PMID- 7125785 TI - The physician-patient relationship. PMID- 7125788 TI - Problem pathogens in serious infections. PMID- 7125786 TI - Treatment of bronchial asthma. PMID- 7125790 TI - Sepsis following burns, trauma, and intra-abdominal infections. AB - In the last ten years anaerobic organisms have emerged as the major infecting agent in surgical patients. While these groups of organisms including Bacteroides fragilis, clostridia, and anaerobic cocci persist, there has, in addition, developed in the last few years a virulent group of nosocomial infections, and modern management of sepsis is primarily directed at gram-negative and anaerobic infections, which include nosocomial infections, for example, those caused by the Serratia group. Much has been learned about control of infections from the patient who has sustained thermal injury. While topical water-soluble antibiotics have been a remarkable advance in the care of the burn patient, systemic and subeschar antibiotics have proved essential in the management of severe burn injury. There is increasing evidence that there is remarkable interference with host defense mechanisms in patients who have sustained burns or significant trauma or intraabdominal infection. The patient sustaining nonthermal traumatic injury also sustains reduction in host resistance. Because of this and the additional initial contamination, in the traumatized patient antibiotic therapy should be started early and as a therapeutic measure. Newer localization techniques, including sonography and computed axial tomography scanning, have helped localize abdominal infections early. Specific antimicrobial therapy may be begun as an adjunct to the surgical therapy of intra-abdominal infection. PMID- 7125787 TI - Massive reversible prerenal azotemia. PMID- 7125789 TI - Pathogenic anaerobes. AB - Anaerobes are prevalent on all mucosal surfaces and virtually all anaerobic infections are endogenous. Two thirds of anaerobic infections involve five anaerobic organisms or groups--the Bacteroides fragilis group, the Bacteroides melaninogenicus-Bacteroides asaccharolyticus group, Fusobacterium nucleatum, the anaerobic cocci, and Clostridium perfringens. Conditions that lower the oxidation reduction potential and disrupt the mucosal surface (eg, vascular problems, malignant neoplasms, and surgery) lead to infection with anaerobes. Clues to anaerobic infection include foul odor, gas, tissue destruction, underlying malignant neoplasms, and the unique appearance of certain anaerobes on Gram's stain. Specimens must be collected to avoid normal flora and transported to the laboratory under anaerobic conditions. Therapy involves surgical debridement and drainage and the use of various antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial agents must be used for extended periods to avoid relapse. PMID- 7125791 TI - Antimicrobial therapy for two serious bacterial infections. Enterococcal endocarditis and nosocomial pneumonia. AB - Enterococcal endocarditis and gram-negative bacillary pneumonia are two serious infections that are particularly difficult to treat with currently available antimicrobial agents. Enterococcal endocarditis requires two drugs--a penicillin plus an aminoglycoside--to effect cure. Therapy for highly streptomycin-resistant strains seems to be particularly troublesome. The incidence of relapse and toxic reactions are high even when penicillin and gentamicin are administered for four weeks. New drugs that are less toxic are desperately needed. Nosocomial gram negative bacillary pneumonia is associated with an extremely high mortality. However, overdiagnosis leads to the overuse of potentially toxic antimicrobial agents. Currently, therapy is usually initiated with a beta-lactam drug and an aminoglycoside, and the incidence of toxic reactions is high. New therapeutic approaches are needed. PMID- 7125792 TI - New concepts of obstetric and gynecologic infection. AB - Multiple organisms are usually recovered from patients with acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). The sexually transmitted organisms Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and genital mycoplasmas frequently initiate infection. Although aerobic and anaerobic bacteria that constitute the normal vaginal flora are frequent secondary invaders following an initial sexually transmitted infection, these bacteria can also primarily cause PID. Early postpartum endometritis, the most common postpartum infection, amniotic fluid infection, and infection following hysterectomy are usually caused by the aerobic and anaerobic bacteria that constitute the normal vaginal flora. Because the organisms that cause the various obstetric-gynecologic infections are often found in combination, it is necessary to begin therapy with broad-spectrum antibiotics. Many of these infections are caused by anaerobic bacteria and it is often necessary to select antibiotics that inhibit anaerobes. PMID- 7125794 TI - Effect of dexamethasone on healing of sutured arteries and nerves. PMID- 7125793 TI - Comparison of hourly renal clearance tests against the tests performed each 24 hours in healthy young adults. PMID- 7125795 TI - Neonatal methemoglobinemia. PMID- 7125796 TI - Modifications in the apolar regions of the membrane of rabbit sperm cells during the epididymal maturation. PMID- 7125797 TI - Circulating immune complexes in patients with nodular lepromatous leprosy. PMID- 7125798 TI - Analysis of sequential saccadic eye movements during the act of reading: comparison between normal and dyslexic subjects. PMID- 7125799 TI - Increase of L5178Y lymphoma growth by means of placental antigen immunization. PMID- 7125800 TI - Use of statistical procedure to evaluate intrauterine contraception. PMID- 7125801 TI - Phenotypic variations in re-lysogenization of Bacillus licheniformis with temperate phage. AB - A bacitracin-producing strain Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 10716 harbors two types of inducible phages (LP52 and DLP 10716). 156 strains re-lysogenized with phage LP52 were independently isolated from a cured strain UM12 of B. licheniformis. Those strains were divided into 12 groups based on colony morphology and pigment production. Some of the re-lysogenized strains grew faster than UM12 and others produced more bacitracin than the cured strain. For example, the production of bacitracin by one of the re-lysogenized strains, L89, was enhanced by about 70% in comparison with UM12. The phenotypic variations observed with re-lysogenized strains might be due to the re-insertion of the phage genome at different sites of the chromosome in addition to the pleiotropic effect assumed. PMID- 7125802 TI - Utilization of phthalate esters by micrococci. AB - Several strains of Micrococcus have been isolated by enrichment with one of several phthalate esters as sole carbon source. They have been separated into four groups by their esterase content and nutritional characteristics. The catabolic potential for phthalate utilization found in these strains provides further support for designation of the four groups. Pathways for phthalate utilization by 4,5-dihydroxyphthalate and/or 3,4-dihydroxyphthalate and protocatechuate and/or 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate are outlined, which suggests that micrococci possess substantial potential for the catabolism of aromatic compounds. PMID- 7125803 TI - [Intravenous penicillin treatment in neurosyphilis]. PMID- 7125805 TI - [Brain abscess caused by Salmonella in the pediatric age]. PMID- 7125804 TI - [Neurophysiological study of the effects of gamma-OH at several doses in normal subjects]. PMID- 7125807 TI - [Chronicity and treatment system]. PMID- 7125809 TI - [Hypophyseal neurolysis in the treatment of pain of neoplastic origin ]. PMID- 7125806 TI - [The polygraphy of sleep in the diagnosis of epilepsy]. PMID- 7125810 TI - [Pigmentary retinal degeneration, mental deterioration and ataxia: Stewart's Syndrome ]. PMID- 7125808 TI - [Cerebral aging. Clinical, psychological and neuropathological aspects ]. PMID- 7125811 TI - [Diagnostic and evolutional signification of the EEG in herpetic encephalitis ]. PMID- 7125812 TI - [The carpal tunnel syndrome. Diagnostic criteria ]. PMID- 7125813 TI - [Radiological and echotomographic findings in 98 children with isolated atrial septal defects]. AB - Chest roentgenograms were carried out in 98 children with atrial septal defects and showed in 71 of them an increase of the pulmonary vascular markings, an increased heart index and right ventricular enlargement. In other children, abnormalities were either incomplete (18 cases) misleading (7 cases) or normal (2 cases). Echocardiogram was characteristic in 34 of 35 children showing an increased telediastolic ratio in virtually all cases and paradoxical septal motion in 79%. Postoperatively, chest roentgenographic findings include a return to normal of pulmonary markings and heart index while right ventricular enlargement regresses only partially. Echocardiograms show a decrease of the telediastolic ratio in all patients and a normal septal motion in 78%. PMID- 7125814 TI - [Parent-child correlations for stature]. AB - A study on the relationship between a child's expected height and his parents' attained adult height was made from data obtained from 15,381 healthy children, age 4 to 18 years, and of French descent. The correlation between child's and parents' height was significant and important. Correlation coefficients increase with the ages of children. The theoretical height which a child might expect to attain in adulthood, based on his parents' heights, could be calculated by diagrams or program cards used in conjunction with a manual calculator. This information might be of importance for pediatric or medical care in school. PMID- 7125816 TI - [Exercise-related hematuria in childhood]. PMID- 7125815 TI - [Juvenile ankylosing spondylitis]. PMID- 7125817 TI - [Ultrasonography in mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome with jaundice and acute gallbladder distension]. AB - The diagnosis of an acute hydrops of the gallbladder was done by ultrasonography during a mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, with jaundice and hepatomegaly. Surgery was avoided when ultrasonographic follow-up showed the spontaneous resolution of the hydrops. PMID- 7125818 TI - [Severe anemia revealing Glanzmann's disease ]. PMID- 7125819 TI - [XXXXY syndrome]. AB - A child with the 49 XXXXY syndrome is presented. Diagnosis was possible early in life, because of craniofacial anomalies and congenital cardiac malformations. The main symptoms are growth retardation, craniofacial abnormalities, hypogonadism, frequent bone lesions and severe mental retardation. PMID- 7125820 TI - [Intracranial hemorrhage in infants born at term]. AB - In 5 full-term neonates presenting with signs of acute neonatal brain damage, intracranial hemorrhage was proven by CT-scan performed within a few days after birth. Status epilepticus occurred soon after birth as shown on EEG. Prognosis was most often very poor. These data are compared with the series reported in the literature. PMID- 7125821 TI - [Pulmonary involvement in Schonlein-Henoch's purpura]. AB - A case of vascular purpura was observed in a 8 year-old girl. The clinical symptoms and pathological findings in kidneys and skin were compatible with Henoch-Schonlein syndrome. She presented with dyspnea and frequent acute pulmonary failure and the chest X-ray showed changing pulmonary infiltration. Despite treatment with corti-costeroids and cyclophosphamide, she died after 16 months. Pulmonary alveolar oedema, focal interstitial fibrosis and arterial fibrinoid thrombosis were found at autopsy. There was neither collagen lesion, nor fibrinoid necrosis. PMID- 7125822 TI - [Benign pheochromocytoma and metaphyseal bone lesions in childhood]. AB - The authors report a 5 year-old child in whom lesions of the inferior metaphyses of the femur and superior metaphyses of the tibia were observed after successive pheochromocytomas. The aspect of the lesions, their improvement after surgical treatment of the tumors, the data in the literature and histologic findings suggest that a bone ischemia was induced by impaired microcirculation with infarction of the metaphyses. PMID- 7125824 TI - [Successes and failures of BCG vaccination. Myths and realities. II]. PMID- 7125823 TI - [Mother-child relationship and psychosocial dwarfism]. AB - Results of a study of 11 children presenting what is known as psychosocial dwarfism are discussed. Clinical observations and projective tests (Rorschach) show the crux of the problem within the mother-child relationship to originate in reciprocal feeling of hate between mother and child. This hatred constantly manifests itself in daily life through acts and behaviour rather than through verbal expression. These results are in agreement with our findings in the psychotherapies of one child and one mother. Characterizing the mother-child relationship as ont of aggressiveness and hatred fits with other author's findings who describe the mother's neglect and rejection. However we think it is more adequate as it applies to both ends of the relation: mother on one hand, child on the other. PMID- 7125825 TI - [Intra-thoracic pressure and airway obstruction syndrome]. PMID- 7125826 TI - [Perioperative management of 98 cases of type C esophageal atresia (1970-1980) ]. AB - We report our experience about 98 cases of type C esophageal atresia admitted to our unit from 1970 to 1980. 78.6% underwent successful anastomosis; 65.3% were considered at high risk because of delayed diagnosis (34.6%), low weight (22.4%) or associated malformations (15.3%). These latest two were especially responsible for mortality. Our results are encouraging and stress the need for a high quality of surgical management, for a systematic detection of this malformation and for a delayed surgical procedure allowing a better preoperative care. PMID- 7125827 TI - [Cerebrospinal fluid lactic dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes analysis in meningitis. Evaluation of 10 years]. PMID- 7125828 TI - [Pre- and postoperative endocrine function in children with craniopharyngioma ]. AB - 17 children presenting with craniopharyngioma were studied from 1970 to 1980. Presenting symptoms were usually reflecting endocrine dysfunction (13 of 17 cases), such as growth retardation, weight abnormalities, diabetes insipidus and hypothyroidism. Unfortunately, these signs were most often misinterpreted (10 of 13 cases) so that when diagnosis was made dissociated hypopituitarism was present. Further impairment of endocrine function always followed surgical excision. In most children pituitary insufficiency becomes complete and permanent. These results are similar whatever the tumor site and surgical procedure. Growth goes on and puberty occurs without treatment in a few cases but in the majority of them substitutive therapy is necessary. PMID- 7125829 TI - [Familial sarcoid arthritis ]. PMID- 7125830 TI - [Ovarian insufficiency and galactosemia ]. AB - A primitive gonadal failure was observed in 2, 20 and 18 years old galactosemic female patients. The conditions was clinically suspected because of primary amenorrhea in one case and delayed puberty, followed by spaniomenorrhea in the other case, and confirmed by very low plasma estradiol and very high plasma gonadotropin levels. Galactose-free diet was started at 9 months of age in the first case and soon after birth in the second. Several similar cases have been recently reported. Primitive gonadal failure associated with galactosemia suggests a possible toxic' destruction of the ovaries during the intrauterine life by a galactose metabolite. PMID- 7125831 TI - [Bifocal pseudotumoral pneumonia in children ]. PMID- 7125832 TI - [Iconographic rubric]. PMID- 7125833 TI - [Nursery-acquired diseases and quality of the atmosphere ]. AB - A comparative study of the diseases and the physicochemical and bacteriological properties of the atmosphere was performed in 4 nurseries in Paris between September 1976 and June 1977. The importance of nursery-acquired diseases was estimated in each child from the average of the days of non attendance because of illness. They were classified in 3 groups: upper and lower respiratory tract, gastro-intestinal, infection-eruption whose respective rates (80%, 10% and 10%) are not significantly different either from one nursery to another or with age. The children under 2 years of age are ill twice more frequently than the older ones (p less than 0.001). The duration of the absences for illness differs from one nursery to another (p less than 0.001). In the 2 nurseries where the thermohygrometric comfort is satisfying in 30% or more controls (temperature between 19 and 22 degrees C with hygrometry between 40 and 60% of relative humidity), the average of non attendance for ill;ness is 6.0 days; in the 2 nurseries where the comfort is satisfying in 20% of the cases or less, this average becomes 12.6 days in dry and globally contaminated atmosphere and 18.5 days in super-heated atmosphere where pathogen staphylococci predominate. PMID- 7125834 TI - [The new wave of antibiotics. I. Cephalosporins]. PMID- 7125835 TI - [Role of tomodensitometry in the neurosurgery of the posterior fossa in children]. PMID- 7125837 TI - [Chronic neutropenia and Crohn's disease in childhood. Report of 2 cases ]. AB - Two children in whom Crohn's disease complicated the course of chronic neutropenia are reported. These two cases had other features in common: consanguinity of the parents, relatively good clinical tolerance of neutropenia and almost complete lack of blood and marrow eosinophils. The possible relationships between the 2 diseases are discussed. PMID- 7125838 TI - [Breath test study of sucrose absorption in infants with acute diarrhea ]. AB - Sucrose absorption was studied by the Breath Test method (BTH) in 41 infants presenting with acute diarrhea. In 28, studies were performed in children treated orally with a 40% sucrose solution. Malabsorption was demonstrated in 8 cases. In 36 infants, sucrose loading test (1 g/kg) was carried out between the 3rd and the 7th days of the diarrhea: malabsorption was present in 9 cases. Malabsorption was transitory in all children. The frequency of this sucrose malabsorption during acute diarrhea is not sufficient to prevent the therapeutic use of sucrose solution, but differs from the usual lack of sucrose malabsorption in chronic diarrhea, even, as shown here, in children with complete villous atrophy. PMID- 7125836 TI - [Susceptibility to infections and hyper IgE: 19 new case reports ]. AB - Nineteen patients exhibiting a susceptibility to infections due to staphylococcus and fungi, allergy and hyper IgE are reported (syndrome described by R. Buckley). Prognathism, coarse features and marked osteoporosis were observed in more than half the patients. Immune disorders were characterized by a defective chemotaxis of granulocytes and depressed in vivo and in vitro immune responses to antigens. These cellular abnormalities could be secondary to a dysregulation of IgE synthesis resulting in an excess of secretion of histamine, heparin and other substances from mast cells. According to this possible mechanism, we suggest a therapy associating anti-histaminic substances which block H1 and H2 receptors and an agent which inhibits mast cell degranulation. PMID- 7125839 TI - [Steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome in infants: 2 familial case reports ]. AB - Two cases of nephrotic syndrome discovered respectively at the ages of 3 and 7 weeks in 2 siblings are reported. Nephrosis was of the optically normal glomeruli type in both cases. In spite of the very young age of the patients a good result of steroid-therapy was obtained after 6 and 8 weeks of treatment, respectively. Both children were not HLA-identical but had in common the A2-B12-DR4 haplotype. PMID- 7125840 TI - [Iconographic rubric: thoracic neuroblastoma]. PMID- 7125841 TI - [Adolescent medicine in private practice ]. AB - Out of 13,455 private practice examinations performed over 6 months by 3 pediatricians and 2 general practitioners 4.2% concerned adolescents, aged 10 to 19, while they represent 16% of the population of the area. Pediatricians see less adolescents than general practitioners, and only adolescents under 14. Adolescents from workers' families seem to seek less medical advice than one would expect from their number in the population. Among the causes, respiratory infections come first, followed by requests for various medical certificates. For general practitioners, gynecologic and obstetrical problems represent one third of the reasons for consultations in girls and two thirds after 15 years. PMID- 7125842 TI - Regional cerebral blood flow in schizophrenia. AB - Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured via xenon133 inhalation technique in 23 patients with schizophrenia and 18 age- and sex-matched controls. The mean blood flow to both hemispheres was found to be lower for the patients. The patients and their controls did not differ on interhemispheric differences in blood flow. There were no differences in rCBF between medicated and unmedicated, subchronic and chronic, and paranoid and nonparanoid patients. Hallucinations were associated with reduced blood flow to several postcentral regions. PMID- 7125843 TI - Neuropathology of schizophrenia. AB - Histologic sections were made from selected regions of the brains of 25 schizophrenic patients aged 21 to 54 years (mean, 43.5 years) who died during their hospitalization at St Elizabeths Hospital, Washington, DC. These sections were compared with similarly prepared sections from the same brain regions of 28 nonschizophrenic patients of similar age, who were hospitalized and died at the same hospital during the same period, and with sections from 20 age-matched, nonpsychiatric patients who died in a general hospital. Although few differences were apparent in material from schizophrenic and nonpsychiatric cases in sections stained for cellular structures, myelin, or axis cylinders, Holzer's stain for glial fibrils demonstrated increased fibrillary gliosis that affected principally the periventricular structures of the diencephalon, the periaqueductal region of the mesencephalon, or the basal forebrain in three fourths of the brains from schizophrenic subjects. Hypothalamus, midbrain tegmentum, and substantia innominata were most often affected. The nature and distribution of the findings suggest previous or low-grade inflammation. Review of the clinical history and course of each case allows some correlations to be made between clinical signs and histopathologic data. PMID- 7125844 TI - Plasma norepinephrine and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity in schizophrenia. AB - Plasma norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity may be altered by changes in posture, pulse rate, and BP. Twenty-three drug-free schizophrenic, ten schizoaffective, and 24 normal control subjects, and a separate group of eight schizophrenic patients treated with chlorpromazine hydrochloride and haloperidol comprised the sample. Drug-free schizophrenic patients showed higher plasma NE levels while standing and higher pulse rates when supine and standing than normal subjects. Following chlorpromazine therapy, but not following haloperidol treatment, plasma NE level increased with patients supine and standing, pulse rate increased with patients standing, and systolic BP decreased with patients standing. These findings suggest (1) a decreased peripheral alpha-adrenergic postsynaptic receptor sensitivity in schizophrenia and (2) a peripheral alpha-adrenergic blocking mechanism in chlorpromazine induced hypotension. PMID- 7125845 TI - Familial schizophrenia. A predictor of neuromotor and attentional abnormalities in schizophrenia. AB - Family history of psychopathology may have a role in schizophrenics' attentional and neuromotor functions. Twelve schizophrenics with a schizophrenic biological parent (SFH), 12 schizophrenics with no history of schizophrenia in first- or second-degree relatives (SNFH), 12 psychiatric controls, and 12 normal controls were given brief neuromotor examinations and the continuous performance test (CPT). Statistical analyses indicated that SFH manifested significantly more neuromotor abnormalities than did normal controls. On the CPT, SFH had significantly more errors than SNFH and psychiatric controls and slower reaction times than psychiatric controls. PMID- 7125846 TI - A family study of schizoaffective, bipolar I, bipolar II, unipolar, and normal control probands. AB - In a family study of 1,254 adult relatives of patients and controls, lifetime prevalences of major affective disorder (including schizoaffective) were 37%, 24%, 25%, 20% and 7% in relatives of probands with schizoaffective, bipolar I, bipolar II, and unipolar disease, and normal controls. These data were compatible with the different affective disorders representing thresholds on a continuum of underlying multifactorial vulnerability. In this model, schizoaffective illness represents greatest vulnerability, followed by bipolar I and bipolar II, then unipolar illnesses. Alcoholism, drug abuse, and sociopathy were not more frequent in relatives of patients v relatives of controls. Sex-related transmission of morbid risk was not present. Morbid risk was 74% to offspring of two III parents, and 27% to offspring of one III parent. Nationality and age at time of interview seem to be nongenetic factors that affect frequency of diagnosis. PMID- 7125847 TI - Primary unipolar depression and the prognostic importance of delusions. AB - A consecutive series of inpatients with primary unipolar depression was categorized by the presence or absence of delusions as noted in the charts. The systematically obtained follow-up material contained in these charts showed that delusional patients had a relatively poor short-term outcome regardless of whether they received somatic treatment. Recovery rate increased with longer follow-up periods in both groups. In accord with this, a 40-year follow-up revealed no differences between delusional and nondelusional groups in terms of marital, residential, or occupational status, psychiatric symptoms, a final diagnosis of bipolar disorder, or death by suicide. PMID- 7125848 TI - Monitoring the duration of electroconvulsive therapy seizures: 'cuff' and EEG methods compared. AB - Seizure durations in electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) were determined by both EEG and BP cuff methods in 20 patients receiving 225 seizures. The estimates were highly correlated, with cuff estimates 10% shorter than those by EEG. Routine monitoring of seizure duration by the BP cuff method is recommended, particularly in unilateral ECT. Monitoring seizure time should resolve controversies over the efficacy of different forms of ECT, as well as improve clinical practice where disturbing reports of missed seizures are now documented. PMID- 7125850 TI - Epidemiology of depressive mood in adolescents: an empirical study. AB - The epidemiology and correlates of depressive mood were measured in a representative sample of public high school students in New York State and a subsample matched to their parents. Depressive mood was measured by a self reported scale validated in a clinical sample. Adolescents with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder scored higher than those with other psychiatric diagnoses. In the general adolescent sample, ex differences in depressive mood paralleled those previously reported for adults, with girls scoring higher than boys. Adolescents reported higher depressive mood than their parents, with the differences greater in daughter-mother than in son-father pairs. If judged by mood differences, adolescence was a stressful period in the life cycle. Lowest levels of adolescent depressive mood correlated with high levels of attachment both to parents and to peers. Sex differences in depressive mood in adolescents may be accounted for by masked depression and increased delinquency among boys as compared with girls. PMID- 7125851 TI - Dexamethasone suppression test: technique and accuracy. PMID- 7125852 TI - Dexamethasone suppression test and diagnosis of melancholia. PMID- 7125853 TI - Arginine content in serum protein fractions of mice with mammary adenocarcinoma. PMID- 7125849 TI - Screening for depression in a community sample. Understanding the discrepancies between depression symptom and diagnostic scales. AB - Discrepancies between the symptoms of depression, as found in a self-report questionnaire (Center for Epidemiologic Studies--Depression Scale [CED-D]), and the diagnosis of major depression as made by the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) occurred in a community survey. The discrepancies can be explained by the subject's psychiatric or medical disorders other than depression, by nay saying during the interview, or by the exclusion criteria of the RDC (duration of symptoms, role impairment, or help seeking) that are not part of the CES-D. Results show that the discrepancies can be readily explained. PMID- 7125854 TI - Characterization of the ribonucleic acid of a type D retrovirus (PMFV) isolated from a permanent human cell line. AB - The RNA of a type D retrovirus (PMFV) isolated from and propagated in a human cell ine has been characterized. Like other retroviruses PMFV contains a 60 to 70 S RNA as determined by glycerol gradient velocity sedimentation with marker RNAs. When denatured by heat the high-molecular-weight RNA prepared from fresh virus yielded subunits of about 30 S. As shown by poly(U)-Sepharose chromatography the 60 to 70 S RNA as well as the 30 S subunits contain a poly (A) stretch of approximately 80 to 200 nucleotides. PMID- 7125855 TI - Enzymatic tests in the prognosis and course controls in bronchial carcinoma patients. AB - In 117 bronchial carcinoma patients hospitalized to receive radiation therapy, the serum levels of aldolase, LDH, alkaline phosphatase, GOT and GPT were checked prior to, during, and following radiation therapy at intervals of 4--6 weeks. Among the enzymes tested, aldolase proved to provide the best screening test for judging prognosis, course of disease and probable occurrence of recurrence or metastases. PMID- 7125856 TI - Comparison of cancer mortality data from different regions. AB - Modified standardized mortality ratio is proposed as a single index for the comparison of cancer frequency in different regions. By use of the proposed index it is possible to control simultaneously both unequal age structure of the compared populations, as well as different proportion of symptoms and ill-defined conditions among all deaths. PMID- 7125857 TI - [Chromosome changes on 20 lesions of cervix uteri ]. AB - Cytogenetic studies on biopsies of cervix uteri (5 dysplasias, 2 carcinomas in situ and 13 invasive carcinomas) are reported in this paper in order to detect the numerical and structural chromosome changes. In dysplasias, the deviation number is mostly restricted around the diploid mode while in carcinomas the range of deviation is wider and more than one modal number could be identified. Structural aberrations of chromosome 1 were found in one case of dysplasia and in 10 cases of invasive carcinomas. A long acrocentric was observed in three carcinomas and one dysplasia, while a medium-sized metacentric in three carcinomas. Further markers : minute chromosomes (in two carcinomas) and double minute bodies (DMs, in one carcinoma). These studies and the early ones suggest that the changes of chromosome 1 may be a relative late appearance of malignant transformation. The possible role of DMs is also discussed. PMID- 7125858 TI - [Lymphogenic metastases in prostatic cancer--operative and histopathologic investigations ]. AB - The necessary application of a differentiated therapy for prostatic cancer requires the involvement of the N-category for determining the therapy. Hitherto existing statements on the lymphogenic metastases of this tumor have been made by means of method whose statements have been limited by the non-presentability of the pelvic lymph nodes, inflammatory-degeneratively changed lymph nodes, and micrometastases. The pelvic en-bloc-lymphadenectomy has been performed and the lymph nodes prepared in successive cuts in the light of a functional patient series of 93 prostatic cancer patients. The standardized procedure allowed statements on the distribution of the pelvic lymph nodes and the corresponding metastases, the size of the metastases and their histologic structure. In prostatic cancer is a high percentage of micrometastases. Lymphogenic metastases can already be detected in low tumor categories, on the other hand metastases are not obligatory in advanced tumors. There is no correlation between the histologic degrees of differentiation of the primary tumor and the lymphogenic metastases. Compared with the metastasis histology the primary tumor histology reveals a distinct morphologic change. According to present investigations, the lymphogenic metastases occur prior to the bone metastases. Since pelvic lymphogenic metastases cannot be covered exactly by means of the conventional methods as well as the metastases cannot be estimated in the single case, there is the necessity for making the pelvic en-bloc-lymphadenectomy before performing a localized tumor treatment such as prostatic vesiculectomy or tele cobalt therapy. PMID- 7125860 TI - Encapsulated sensory corpuscle in the mucosa of human vocal cord: an electron microscope study. AB - Encapsulated sensory corpuscles of the Krause type were found in the mucosa of surgically removed human vocal cords. The corpuscles were ellipsoidal structures of about 30 to 50 micrometers and were located beneath the free edge in the mid region along the intermembranous part. They contained a number of varicose nerve endings and lamellar cells. The lamellar cells had thin cytoplasmic lamellae which contained numerous cytoplasmic filaments and were interposed between the nerve endings. Attachment devices were frequently noted between the cytoplasmic lamellae and between the lamellae and nerve endings. Half-desmosomes were also noted along the plasma membrane of the lamellar cells. The intercellular space was filled with amorphous electron lucent material and contained a few collagen fibrils. Ladder-like filamentous structures were frequently encountered in the intercellular space. The location of the corpuscles at the free edge of the vocal cords suggests that the endings may receive the bilateral touch of the vibrating part of the cords in order to give sensory information for the control of the movement of the cords in phonation. PMID- 7125859 TI - [Hormonal therapy of the advanced breast cancer ]. AB - In this review several possibilities of an individualized hormonal therapy of the advanced breast cancer are discussed. Tumors selected for hormonal therapy on the basis of a positive estrogen receptor respond to endocrine therapy at nearly twice the rate of those chosen by clinical criteria alone. The overall response can be predicted with an accuracy of about 75 per cent. Furthermore clinical tests like short time treatment with L-dopa or testosterone are liable for many subjective mistakes. If the multivalent analyse of various prognostic criteria will be better for predicting the mistakes. If the multivalent analyse of various prognostic criteria will be better for predicting the hormone sensitivity is up to now unknown. The paper gives several guides for the ablative and additive hormonal therapies. PMID- 7125861 TI - The notochord of the newborn opossum and its fate during postnatal development. AB - The notochord was examined by light, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, in 25 pouch young opossums (Didelphis virginiana) ranging in age from 6 hr to 25 days post natum. In the newborn opossum, the notochord forms a thin cylinder within developing vertebral centra and presents diamond-shaped expansions in regions of the developing intervertebral discs. The opossum notochord differs from that of other species in that it appears to consist of a heterogeneous population of light and dark cells, and also in the thinness of the notochordal sheath which never attains the degree of development seen in other animals. The sheath is made up of thin cytoplasmic processes which arise both from the light and dark cells. The processes cross a mucopolysaccharide-filled space and then expand to form a thin cytoplasmic sheath that forms the external boundary of the space. The matrix of the cartilage immediately adjacent to the cytoplasmic sheath shows an increased concentration of microfilaments as compared to the cartilage further from the notochord. During postnatal development the notochordal tissue in the centra of the vertebral bodies decreases, while in the regions of the developing discs, there is a corresponding increase. At the end of the first week, notochordal tissue in the vertebral centra is represented only by a thin cylinder of mucopolysaccharide which contains cell fragments. In subsequent weeks, as ossification of the centra occurs, both the cartilage and notochordal tissue are replaced by bone. Notochordal tissue in the intervertebral regions contributes to the formation of the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral discs. Despite its short gestation period of only 12 1/2 days, the basic structure and fate of the notochord in the opossum is similar to that of other mammals. PMID- 7125862 TI - Ultrastructure and chloride cytochemistry of the hindgut epithelium in the larvae of the seawater mosquito, Aedes togoi Theobald. AB - The hindgut of Aedes togoi larvae adapted to various external salinities was studied by light and electron microscopy. The larvae's pyloric chamber and the ileum of the hindgut are surrounded by a thick muscular layer and lined with a very thin unspecialized epithelium. There is no detectable difference in the ultrastructural organization of the epithelium between seawater-adapted and freshwater-adapted larvae. The rectum and the anal canal are greatly dilated and densely tracheated and have a very thick, highly specialized epithelium. The rectal epithelium is characterized by shorter apical and longer basal infoldings closely associated with mitochondria, and a particulate coating on the apical infoldings. The intercellular spaces and the basal channels are tightly closed in the rectal epithelium of freshwater-adapted larvae, whereas widely dilated in that of 100 to 200% seawater-adapted larvae. The rectum seems to reabsorb water from excretory fluid when larvae are in hyperosmotic media. The anal canal epithelium possesses well-developed apical infoldings, which are coated with small particles an intimately associated with mitochondria. The basal infoldings are short. No perceptible difference in the ultrastructural organization of the epithelium was observed between seawater-adapted and freshwater-adapted larvae. The lumina of the apical infoldings of the anal canal epithelium in seawater adapted larvae, however, demonstrated a strongly positive reaction to the cytochemical assay for chloride ions, whereas the reaction was very weak in freshwater-adapted larvae. Unlike salt-water-mosquito larvae of the other species, in which the rectum is considered to be concerned with the formation of hyperosmotic urine, the anal canal in A. togoi larvae seems to play an important role in excretion of excess ions in the haemolymph when adapted to hyperosmotic media. PMID- 7125863 TI - Termination of retinal fibers in lateral preoptic and hypothalamic areas of the crab-eating monkey, Macaca irus. AB - After a monocular injection of tritiated proline into the vitreous chamber of the eye, the distribution of labeled retinal termination in the hypothalamus of the crab-eating monkey was investigated by autoradiography. The results indicated that a few retinofugal fibers might terminate bilaterally in the lateral hypothalamic areas through the level of the anterior commissure to the infundibulum as well as the suprachiasmatic nuclei. The labeled fibers to the lateral hypothalamic area seemed to leave the dorsocaudal border of the optic chiasma in a dorsolateral direction and then coursed both rostrally and caudally above the supraoptic nucleus: these fibers might progressively diminish in number at more rostral and caudal levels. Further, small clusters of developed silver grains were found bilaterally in the caudal part of the lateral preoptic nuclei. PMID- 7125864 TI - [Fluorimetric determination of morphine and diamorphine]. PMID- 7125865 TI - [Determination of mercury in homeopathic preparations and medical substances and drugs]. PMID- 7125866 TI - [Structure-activity relationships of histamine analogues, XXIV: Absolute configuration and histamine-type activity of the enantiomers of 4-(2-aminopropyl) 5-methylimidazole]. PMID- 7125867 TI - Synthesis of new 2,3-disubstituted 4 (3H)-quinazolones and related products as potential antiviral agents. PMID- 7125868 TI - [Pharmaceutical problems of suppositories, IV: Hardening of suppositories as a result of chemical changes of the hard fat base?]. PMID- 7125869 TI - The direct fixation system of total hip prosthesis. Research of the possibilities of fixing total hip prosthesis directly to bone. AB - There are two methods for the fixation of prostheses to bone; one is a method using bone cement and another is the direct fixation of the prostheses to bone. Four types of animal experiments were performed to compare the two methods of fixation. A small pyramid shaped test piece was used to compare the fixation capacity of the socket spike. Also, a special test piece was used to study the time of bone formation, to check the fixation capacity of bone bar formation occurring in the hole in the based part of the prosthetic component. furthermore, models of prosthetic stem and socket were made and attached to the femur and ilium of dog to perform fixation tests and fatigue tests. As a result, any of the tests proved that the direct fixation method without the usage of bone cement was superior to the fixation method using bone cement. PMID- 7125870 TI - Aseptic loosening of cement-anchored total hip replacements. AB - The special conditions contributing to the loosening of 61 hip prostheses were studied and compared with 325 clinical and roentgenologically intact total hip replacements. The loosening rate rose sharply after the 6th postoperative year. One third of the artificial joints examined showed signs of loosening after the 9th year. The average loosening rate was 15.8% after 5.8 years. The condition of the bony bed apparently plays an important role, both qualitatively and quantitatively, in the success of the implant. The operative procedure is of equal importance. Deep fraising of the acetabulum, removal of insufficient amounts of cancellous bone from the proximal femur and inadequate embedding of the prosthesis stem, implantation of the stem in varus, and the use of long-neck femoral head prostheses are all factors which increase the risk of loosening. Ultimately, it is the sum of these loosening factors including the biological reaction of the tissue to the biomechanical and biochemically active foreign body which, depending on the period of influence, leads to prosthesis loosening. It is imperative that the patient's lifestyle be adjusted accordingly since external weight-bearing stress also affects durability of the prosthesis. PMID- 7125871 TI - Posterior atlanto-axial fusion: a new compression clamp for laminar osteosynthesis. AB - A new method of dorsal arthrodesis in patients with atlanto-axial instability of different etiology is described. In three patients solid laminar osteosynthesis C1/C2 was achieved by insertion of an autogenous cortico-cancellous bone graft into the interlaminar space and by a bilateral application of the lately developed metal clamp. The technical principles of the clamp guarantee a permanent pressure on the graft and a solid initial stability in the segment. Additional external fixation and immobilization of the patient are not necessary. Complications as known from other procedures of the atlanto-axial dorsal fusion will be prevented efficiently. PMID- 7125873 TI - A simple measure to reduce and hold a depressed fracture of the calcaneum. PMID- 7125872 TI - Replacement of epiphyseal bone with methylmethacrylate: its effect on articular cartilage. AB - Methylmethacrylate cement was used as a substitute for the epiphyseal bone of the canine proximal femora, after femoral neck osteotomy. The effects of different volumes of acrylic cement on the integrity of trabecular bone and articular cartilage and the effects of different types of fixation of the osteotomy site were assessed clinically, radiologically and histologically. Degenerative changes occurring in the articular cartilage were greatest when a large area of epiphyseal bone was replaced with methylmethacrylate. These degenerative changes varied proportionately with the rigidity of fixation at the osteotomy site. Rigid fixation resulted in a better clinical and radiographic assessment and a decrease in histopathologic changes in the articular cartilage. PMID- 7125874 TI - Intercondylar T-fractures of the humerus in adults. AB - The intercondylar T-fractures of the distal humerus in adult are difficult fractures to manage and various recommendations for treatment have been presented. Thirty-nine patients with these fractures were treated as in-patients at the Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery in Gothenburg 1973-1977. Twenty-eight fractures were treated surgically and eleven conservatively. Best results were seen in patients treated with exact anatomical reduction and stable internal fixation. From this study we concluded that: A perfect reduction which is necessary for good final result is difficult to achieve with closed methods and most of these fractures should be treated by open reduction and stable internal fixation. PMID- 7125875 TI - Arthrodesis after infected knee arthroplasty using an intramedullary nail. Reports of four cases. PMID- 7125877 TI - The unsuccessful surgical management of post-traumatic chronic bone infection. What is the role of serum factors? PMID- 7125876 TI - Femur osteomyelitis following medullary nailing. PMID- 7125878 TI - Multifocal hematogenous osteomyelitis in an adult treated with corticosteroids. PMID- 7125879 TI - [Improved detection of extracranial carotid artery stenoses by combination of B mode arteriography and Doppler sonography]. PMID- 7125880 TI - [Visual prevention from motion sickness in cars]. AB - The differential effects of vision on motion sickness in cars were tested under real road conditions using linear accelerations, in order to confirm earlier laboratory results on visual modulation of vestibular nausea induced by angular accelerations of the body. The 18 voluntary subjects were exposed to repetitive braking maneuvers (linear accelerations: 0.1-1.2 g) on a highway. The simultaneous visual stimulus conditions for the 3 separate days were: I) eyes open, visual control of car motion; II) eyes closed; III) eyes open, artificial stationary visual field (reading). The severity of motion sickness (magnitude estimation 1-10) was a function of the visual stimulus condition with significant differences among these conditions: I) moderate nausea (less than 1) with adequate visual motion perception; II) medium nausea (approximately equal to 2) with eyes closed and somatosensory-vestibular excitation only; III) strong nausea (greater than 5) with conflicting sensory input, when vestibular acceleration is in disagreement with the visual information of no movement. Providing ample peripheral vision of the relatively moving surround is the best strategy to alleviate car sickness. PMID- 7125881 TI - Schizophrenia's classical subtypes. A family heredity study. AB - A genetic family study of the classical schizophrenic subgroups (33 hebephrenics, 38 catatonics, 69 paranoid schizophrenics) demonstrated a tendency towards differences in the global morbidity risk of schizophrenia (greatest in the relatives of catatonics) and a tendency towards a predominance of homotypical secondary cases. However, as these results are statistically not significant, they cannot be used as arguments in discussing the genetic separation of schizophrenic subtypes. PMID- 7125882 TI - [Platelet scintigraphy using indium-111]. AB - Platelet scintigraphic examination using indium-111 was performed on 12 patients with cerebral ischemia. Of these patients 5 had a history of TIA, 3 had a prolonged reversible neurologic deficit (PRIND), 3 cases were presented with a completed stroke and 1 patient suffered from a suspected venous thrombosis of the sinus sagittalis superior. In total 8 cases showed pathological platelet accumulations in the vessel clinically affected, 5 extracranially and 3 intracranially. In the other 4 cases the platelet scintigraphy was normal. The cases with TIA showed pathological platelet accumulations in the appropriate vessel, even if the angiogram was normal. On the other hand platelet scintigraphy did not show any abnormality in 2 patients with an occlusion of the carotid artery. So platelet scintigraphy might be useful in the detection of small arterial lesions producing small strokes, and which remain undetected by other diagnostic methods. PMID- 7125884 TI - Sexual molestation of men by women. AB - The belief that it is impossible for males to respond sexually when subjected to sexual molestation by women is contradicted. Previous research indicating that male sex response can occur in a variety of emotional states, including anger and terror, are corroborated. Eleven cases of male sexual molestation by females are classified and described. A post-trauma reaction occurs in which sexual function and psychological state are affected. The men were all personally interviewed. Recognition of this phenomenon should lead to increased identification of male victims as well as to better medical, psychological, and legal services for them. PMID- 7125883 TI - Hypernatremic thirst deficiency and memory disorders following hypothalamic lesions. PMID- 7125885 TI - Male and female transsexualism: the Danish experience with 37 patients. AB - Since the first sex-reassignment operation in Denmark at the Rigshospitalet in 1951, a total of 37 patients, 29 males and 8 females, have had sex-modifying surgery and a change in legal status. In our experience a basic insecure gender identity is a predominant trait in transsexuals, dating back to earliest childhood. This insecurity and a concomitant anxiety are overcome differently by the two transsexual sexes. In male transsexualism, the most outstanding characteristic is a narcissistic withdrawal to a condition marked by submission and pseudofeminity. Anxiety and insecurity are basic to the gender dysphoria but are subdued by means of fantasy escape and gratification in aestheticized ego ideals with suppression of aggressive and sexual feelings. This results in the often observed pseudofeminity in the male transsexual. A core group of transsexual males are marked by a persistent pseudofeminine narcissism. They have stable ego strength, are agenital in sexual attitude, and have an intact sense of reality. This group is expected to remain so after sex reassignment. The transsexual female assumes a narcissistic, phallic attitude displaying outer activities and caricatured masculine manners in an attempt to subdue her insecurity. Examples are given of the characteristic splitting of these persons' phenomenological ego-experiences and how different their reality testing is from that of psychotic persons with a desire for sex change. Transsexual females are much more sexually active than transsexual males. We find a closer connection between female homosexuality and transsexualism than between male homosexuality and transsexualism. PMID- 7125887 TI - Sex and society in the eighties. PMID- 7125886 TI - Testicular function in transsexual men. PMID- 7125888 TI - Transvestism in women. PMID- 7125889 TI - Critical care medicine and the surgical intensive care unit: a balanced view. PMID- 7125890 TI - Indications for therapy for fungemia in postoperative patients. AB - We reviewed the clinical courses of 63 surgical patients who had experienced one or more days of fungemia, to determine the clinical setting for such infections and to define indications for systemic therapy. Fifty-one patients experienced fungemia as a late complication of intraperitoneal infection. Candida was identified as part of a polymicrobial flora in 70%. If untreated, the mortality was 83% (30 of 36). No untreated patients with fungemia for more than one day survived. Adequate therapy with amphotericin B (total dose, greater than 3 mg/kg) improved survival to 67% (ten of 15). Autopsies performed in 20 cases revealed visceral Candida microabscesses in seven, with the gastrointestinal tract (12) and intraabdominal abscess (five) as the most common sources of fungi. These data support the concept of Candida as an important participant in polymicrobial infection and recommend therapy with amphotericin B for patients with intraperitoneal infection experiencing fungemia. PMID- 7125891 TI - Values and attitudes related to career preference and performance in the surgical clerkship. AB - We investigated the values and attitudes of junior medical students in relation to career preference (particularly surgery), ward behavior, and cognitive performance in the surgical clerkship. Students choosing specialty surgery were more cynical and authoritarian than those selecting general surgery. Those choosing general surgery had more self-esteem, and along with those who selected specialty surgery, more intolerance for ambiguity than other students. None of the values or attitudes were associated with grades, but several were related to ward behavior as judged by faculty and house staff. Students who valued academic achievement more and independence and intellectualism less and those with more submissive authoritarian views and more ego strength were considered better ward performers. This raises the question of whether such values and attitudes should be reinforced in ward performance or whether such students are rated higher simply because they are less disruptive to busy ward routines. PMID- 7125892 TI - Minute vascular replacements. AB - Glutaraldehyde-tanned, mesh-reinforced, mandrel-grown ovine collagen conduits were compared with tanned human umbilical arteries and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts in the aorta of rat recipients. All grafts had 100% patency and became lined by a cellular neointima. The mean maximum thickness of the neointima of the tanned human umbilical artery, ovine collagen graft, and the PTFE grafts was 68, 57, and 13 micrometer, respectively. Neointimal proliferation was complete for the two biosynthetic grafts, but none was seen in the center of the PTFE grafts as late as ten weeks. The mean increase in lumen cross-sectional area was 49% for the umbilical artery grafts, 23% for ovine collagen conduits, and 4% for the PTFE grafts. Longer follow-up periods will be required before unqualified support can be given to clinical trials of these small-diameter prostheses; however, long-term patency for synthetic grafts of such a small caliber is encouraging for future microvascular applications and for study of host prosthesis interactions. PMID- 7125893 TI - Doppler ankle pressure: an evaluation of three methods of expression. AB - We studied 133 patients with arteriographic evidence of lower limb arterial disease and 34 normal volunteers to determine the most useful means of expressing ankle pressure. Representative ranges were determined for each of six symptomatic categories. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that ankle index (ankle to brachial pressure ratio) and brachial-ankle pressure gradient were more valuable than absolute pressure in discriminating between normal and disease extremities. In contrast, absolute ankle pressure was the best predictor of nonviability (limb requiring bypass for salvage or amputation). An absolute pressure cutoff of 6mm Hg correctly identified 86% of viable limbs and 77% of nonviable limbs. Thus, the diagnostic accuracy of the three methods of expressing ankle pressure depends on the context in which they are to be used, and it appears that ankle index and gradient are most appropriate for defining the presence of disease, while absolute pressure correlates best with viability. PMID- 7125895 TI - Status of vein valve transplant after 12 months. AB - Sequelae of the postphlebitic syndrome can now be treated by direct valve surgery. However, present surgical treatment of stasis ulcer, including removal of the incompetent communicating veins, ulcer excision, and skin grafting, remains essential to patient care. When done alone, perforator interruption and ulcer care are effective but allow a high rate of ulcer recurrence. Experimental studies to restore venous valve function have included autogenous vein valve transplantation, and synthetic valve procedures also have been tried. Clearly, the patency rate of an autogenous vein graft is better than any other procedure. Operations were done in 11 patients using an autogenous vein valve from the upper extremity to restore a normal-functioning venous valve in the lower extremity. Data on preoperative and postoperative measurements and ascending and descending venography indicate hemodynamic improvement of venous function in these extremities. PMID- 7125894 TI - Experimental colitis as a promoter in large-bowel tumorigenesis. AB - To study the effect of acetic acid colitis on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon tumorigenesis, fischer 344 male rats, 10 weeks of age, were divided into three groups: one receiving 5% acetic acid enema (subgroup 1a); one receiving 10% acetic acid enema (subgroup 1b); and one not receiving acetic acid enema (group 2). Colitis developed in rats in groups 1a and 1b, resulting in early death in some cases. Rats of all three groups received the same subcutaneous dose of dimethylhydrazine given once a week for 20 weeks starting at 11 weeks of age; they were killed at 31 weeks after the first dimethylhydrazine injection. The percentage of animals having tumors in the large bowel was greatest in subgroup 1b and least in group 2. The mean number of large-bowel tumors per animal in which large-bowel had developed was determined in each group. The mean number of subgroup 1 was greater than that of group 2 and also greater than that of groups 1a and 2 combined. The results of the study suggest that colonic mucosal injury may render the colonic epithelium susceptible to tumor induction by carcinogens in the fecal stream. PMID- 7125896 TI - Prevention of postoperative peritoneal adhesions: efficacy of povidone. AB - The appearance and severity of peritoneal adhesions after simple laparotomy and after adhesiolysis were studied in a rabbit model. Adhesions were induced by direct abrasion with latex glove and dry gauze; control rabbits had abrasion only. Study groups had abrasion and treatment with 10% or 25% povidone. Results showed a significant reduction in the number of adhesions and in the severity of adhesions after treatment with povidone. This study supports the further investigation of the efficacy of povidone in preventing postoperative peritoneal adhesions. PMID- 7125897 TI - Segmental thrombotic occlusion of infrarenal abdominal aorta. AB - Five patients had segmental atherosclerotic occlusive disease confined to the midportion of the infrarenal abdominal aorta. Four of five patients had claudication, and in addition, four had evidence of peripheral microembolization and ischemic toes. Local endarterectomy or thrombectomy resulted in satisfactory restoration of distal blood flow in three patients. Two patients required replacement with a prosthetic tube graft. four of five patients have maintained good pedal pulses and have been asymptomatic for up to 14 years. These five cases were compared and contrasted with other series with similar lesions. Several causal factors are involved in segmental aortic occlusions. PMID- 7125898 TI - Planned carotid artery--jugular vein fistula: 30-year follow-up and surgical correction. PMID- 7125899 TI - Acquired aganglionosis after Soave's procedure for Hirschsprung's disease. PMID- 7125900 TI - Carcinoma associated with congenital cystic dilation of bile ducts. PMID- 7125901 TI - Development of a new vascular prosthetic: lessons learned. AB - In 1972, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (GoreTex) wire insulation was first implanted into arteries and veins of dogs at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center in Denver. Subsequent modifications including fibrillar arrangement, wall thickness, and pore size led to the development of a vascular prosthesis with tissue ingrowth, viable neointima, and encouraging patency rates. Tissue culture, surface charge, and platelet studies have all demonstrated the optimal biologic qualities of PTFE grafts. Replacement of one human portal vein by a PTFE graft for invasive carcinoma of the pancreas was strikingly successful. Only unexplained intimal hyperplasia at the arterial anastomotic margins discouraged us from extensive early clinical trials. PMID- 7125902 TI - A solution for drainage system complications in modified radical mastectomy. PMID- 7125903 TI - Fluid replacement in peritonitis. PMID- 7125905 TI - Fatal nitrosamine poisoning. AB - A case is reported in which progressive liver symptoms with rise in bilirubin concentration, hemorrhagic diathesis, and signs of portal hypertension developed three years before death in liver coma. The pathologic and neuropathologic findings are described. The case was clarified after dimethylnitrosamine was demonstrated in food intended for the patient and after it was established that small amounts of nitrosamine could have been repeatedly ingested by the patient over a period of years. Comparable cases of human dimethylnitrosamine poisonings published in the literature are presented. The relatively typical morphologic alterations in the liver are described. Problems involved in the histological interpretation of such liver changes as well as the forensic conclusions to be drawn are discussed. PMID- 7125904 TI - To irrigate or not in generalized peritonitis. PMID- 7125907 TI - Detection of repeated arsenical poisoning by neutron activation analysis of foot nail segments. AB - In one case of repeated ingestions of arsenic over a period of one year, the value of sectional toe nail analysis was investigated. The arsenic determinations were performed by instrumental neutron activation analysis. After subdividing the nail transversely into segments of 0.5 mm length, several maxima and minima of arsenic concentrations were found. Taking the nail growth into consideration, these characteristics of curve correspond to the known dates of treatments and of dismissals from the hospital. The results exclude an external arsenic contamination of the nail. PMID- 7125906 TI - Involvement of glutathione reductase in selenite metabolism and toxicity, studied in isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - Cellular lysis in freshly isolated hepatocytes incubated with varying concentrations of selenite could be related to the reductive metabolism of selenite. A decrease in intracellular GSH levels was observed concomitant with an increased rate of accumulation of oxidized glutathione in the incubation medium. Pretreatment of hepatocytes with an inhibitor of GSSG-reductase (1,3-bis(2 chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea), prior to the addition of 50 microM selenite, resulted in substantially lower GSH-levels. The rate of GSSG reductase-catalyzed metabolism of selenite (50 microM) could be estimated to approximately 7 nmoles reduced/h per 10(6) cells. The results indicate that this was the major metabolic pathway for toxic concentrations of selenite in isolated hepatocytes. Furthermore, selenite considerably decreased cellular NADPH levels. In hepatocytes isolated from starved rats, the presence of alanine and glucose in the incubation medium protected against selenite-mediated cellular lysis. These observations suggest that an insufficient NADPH generation could be critical for selenite reduction and toxicity in isolated hepatocytes. PMID- 7125908 TI - Effects of Methylmercuric chloride on sympathetic preganglionic nerves. AB - The effect of methylmercuric chloride was investigated on the isolated cervical sympathetic nerve of the rabbit. All concentrations of methylmercury tested decreased both major spikes, S1 and S2, of the electrically evoked compound action potential. The blocking effect is temperature-dependent and not reversible on washing. Despite severe inhibition of the spike, conduction velocities of the fiber groups involved were not changed. Threefold increases in the Ca2+ concentration in the Locke's bathing solution before exposure to methylmercury markedly slowed the progress of inhibition of both major spikes of the fiber groups in the cervical sympathetic nerve. The results suggest that methylmercury may act by interfering with the normal function of Ca2+ in the nerve. PMID- 7125909 TI - Absence of an effect of lead acetate on sperm morphology, sister chromatid exchanges or on micronuclei formation in rabbits. AB - The influence of lead on sperm morphology, sister chromatid exchanges or on micronuclei formation was studied on male rabbits after exposure to doses of 0, 0.25, and 0.50 mg lead acetate/kg body weight subcutaneously injected three times a week during 14 weeks, each on a group of five rabbits. At the end of exposure phase the lead in blood concentrations of the three groups of rabbits were 0.32, 2.57, and 2.97 mumol/l respectively. The results did not show any evidence of treatment related effects on sperm count or on morphologic abnormalities of the sperms, neither on the histopathology of the testis. Statistical analysis of the number of sister chromatid exchanges per metaphase in lymphocytes indicated no differences between the groups. Also no dose dependent effect was observed on the relative number of micronuclei in bone marrow erythrocytes. The different susceptibility to lead in different organ systems of the rabbits was discussed. PMID- 7125910 TI - Urinary metallothionein as a new index of renal dysfunction in "Itai-Itai" disease patients and other Japanese women environmentally exposed to cadmium. AB - The significance of elevated excretion of metallothionein in urine of women living in cadmium-polluted areas of Japan was studied with respect to renal dysfunction. The relationships between the concentrations of metallothionein in urine and those of other non-specific urinary indices of renal dysfunction, i.e., total protein, glucose, beta 2-microglobulin, retinol-binding protein, alpha amino nitrogen and proline were examined. In addition, the relationships between urinary metallothionein and urinary cadmium and copper were also evaluated. It was found that the logarithm of the metallothionein concentration in urine was significantly correlated with the logarithm of the concentrations of each of the above parameters. When subjects with signs of renal dysfunction, including "itai'itai" disease patients and patients suspected of the disease, were compared with subjects with normal renal functions, as a group, the former excreted significantly higher concentrations of metallothionein in their urine than the latter. The results suggest that the elevated excretion of metallothionein is not only an index of excessive cadmium exposure, but also of renal dysfunction caused by chronic exposure to this metal. PMID- 7125911 TI - In vivo biotransformation and biliary excretion of 1-14C-acrylonitrile in rats. AB - 1-14C-Acrylonitrile (VCN) was give orally to rats, 27% of the given dose was excreted in bile in 6 h. When 1-14C-VCN was given to overnight fasted or cobaltous chloride treated rats, a significant increase in the biliary excretion occurred. Pretreatment of rats with phenobarbital produced no change, while diethyl maleate pretreatment significantly decreased the portion of the dose excreted in bile in 6 h. Four metabolites of 1-14C-VCN have been isolated from the collected bile, and characterized. The two major biliary metabolites were found to be glutathione (GSH) conjugates of VCN, indicating the importance of GSH in VCN biotransformation. PMID- 7125912 TI - Isolation of a coronavirus during studies on puffinosis, a disease of the Manx shearwater (Puffinus puffinus). AB - A virus was isolated from 2 day-old mice inoculated with homogenates of either the lungs or blood of 2 different shearwaters affected by puffinosis. Examination of infected suckling mouse brain and infected NCTC-1469 (mouse liver) cell cultures, by electron microscopy, revealed virus particles and inclusion bodies characteristic of a coronavirus. Neutralization, complement fixation and fluorescent antibody tests showed that the virus was related to mouse hepatitis virus. The virus was not isolated from 445 control, uninfected mice. Neutralising antibodies were not detected in 39 sera from diseased shearwaters and 2 sera from apparently healthy birds. Two shearwaters inoculated with the virus did not develop clinical signs of infection. The question of whether the virus was isolated from shearwaters or from laboratory mice is discussed. PMID- 7125913 TI - [Sequence of pathomorphological reactions to the action of alternating magnetic fields]. AB - The state of the parietal cortex neural elements in the white rat brains exposed to a total 5-fold effect lasting for 6.5 hours and to a single continuous 24 hour's effect of the magnetic field (strength 20, 40, 70 mT, frequency 50 Hz) have been studied light optically and electron microscopically. The most manifested pathomorphological changes are observed after the 5-fold effect lasting for 6.5 hours. The cortical vessel walls, filamentous astrocytes connected with them, as well as dendrites and spiculae are evidently the most injured formations and perhaps are the first to participate in the response reaction mechanism to the effect of the magnetic field. Hydropic changes appearing everywhere speak in favour of the water-electrolytic balance disturbance, evidently this phenomenon is specific for the magnetic field effects. PMID- 7125914 TI - [Glycogen metabolism in the cranial cervical ganglion of the cat sympathetic trunk during decentralization and reparative regeneration]. AB - The character of glycogen metabolism disorders has been studied in the cranial cervical ganglion of the cat sympathetic trunk after the latter has been cut 1.5 cm caudally the ganglion. As the innervational connections are establishing, the glycogen metabolism is normalizing, but even after 2 months the initial level is not restored. Glycogen is proved to be one of the most sensitive tests to the lesion. In various time after cutting, the glycogen metabolism has certain specific peculiarities both in the neural cell bodies, and in the synapses. The wavy character of the glycogen-synthesizing process in the neural elements is demonstrated, with anaerobic glycolysis taking a large part in it. Certain connections with the higher centers are necessary not only for glycogen metabolism as energy resources, but to ensure a regular synthesis, particularly that of enzymes, in the neurons and synapses. The peculiarities of glycogen synthesizing properties in the synaptic formations, after the connection with the center is broken, are closely connected with the notion on autonomity in the synaptic structures activity. PMID- 7125915 TI - [Anatomical characteristics of the veins of the midbrain in vertebrates]. AB - The venous bed has been studied in brain preparations of some Vertebrata (fishes, amphibia, reptiles, birds) with injection of the vessels. It has been noted that together with the morphological regularity in the structure of the midbrain portions, certain structural principles of its blood bed are kept. The venous outflow reflects the intermediate position of the midbrain: some blood in the animals studied flows from the midbrain into the basilar vein system, another portion of the blood flows into a tributary of the future central vein. Anatomical peculiarities of the midbrain veins in the animals studied demonstrate that it is the functional activity that determines the circulation in this part of the brain. PMID- 7125916 TI - [Variants in the number and size and the topography of the lumbar lymph nodes in the regional of the liver in the human adult]. AB - By means of interstitial and direct injections of the lymphatic bed of the liver and gall bladder, their regional lymph nodes from the lumbar group have been studied in 63 corpses of mature persons of both sex. The hepatic lymph vessels flow into the lumbar lymph nodes in 73% of cases. Only the postaortal nodes (situating behind the abdominal part of the aorta) do not take the hepatic lymph nodes. The number of the hepatic regional lumbar lymph nodes varies from 1 to 6, and their size is within the limits 2X2--30X10 mm. In 13% of cases intercalated lumbar lymph nodes have been revealed (6X4 mm in size), they are situated along the pathway of the visceral surface of the lymph vessels (of the right hepatic lobe) running towards large intermediate lumbar lymph nodes. PMID- 7125917 TI - [Morphological characteristics of the terminal respiratory bronchioles and their accompanying arteries during individually measured muscle activity]. AB - By means of histological, histochemical, histoenzymatic and morphometric methods terminal, respiratory bronchioles of the first, second, third order and corresponding to them in the level the branches of the pulmonary artery in the right diaphragmatic lobes were studied in 18 mature mongrel male dogs. The individually dosed physical loading the animals were given as a steady treadmill running at a speed of 15 km/h after the method developed by A. P. Sorokin, G. V. Stelnikov and A. N. Vasin (1977). Single (5 dogs) and systematic (6 dogs) loadings were given to the animals up to 3 "B" stage of the organism's adaptation. The single loading resulted in increasing energetic processes which were more manifested in myocytes of the bronchioles than in those of the arterioles. The systematic loadings resulted in hypertrophy of the spiral muscle, the elastic and reticular carcass of the bronchioles, the external elastic membranes of the arteries and the internal elastic membrane of the arteries at the levels of terminal, respiratory bronchioles of the third order. PMID- 7125918 TI - [Ultrastructure of the intervertebral disks of children and adolescents]. AB - An electron microscopic investigation of the human intervertebral discs has been performed during an active growth of the spinal column. A certain connection has been revealed between an increasing functional cellular activity and an increased physiological loading on the spinal column connected with transition of the child to walking and an increased growth during sex maturation. Unusual forms of collagen have been revealed: banded structures with periodization of 120 nm and amianthoid fibres with period of 30 and 55 nm in the nucleus pulposus and the hyaline cartilage of the intervertebral discs occlusive plate. PMID- 7125919 TI - [Intestinal mucosa of gnotobiotic rats administered lactobacilli]. AB - When lactobacilli are administered to gnotobiotic rats (Fischer strain), a gradual increase of lymphocytic, eosinophilic and mast cell infiltration of the intestinal connective tissue stroma, dilatation of vessels and their filling with lymphocytes is observed. Radioautographically 7 months later, migration and differentiation of enterocytes in the crypta--villus system of the iliac mucous tunic increases. In the mesenteric lymph nodes the postcapillary venules increase in number, lymphocytes migrate out of them, focal plasmocytic reaction with presence of some blastic forms takes place. Specific antibodies for lactobacilli in the blood serum either are absent or occur in low titers (1:2-1:8). Owing to the data obtained, a conclusion can be made on a weak immunogenecity of the lactobacilli. Their administration to the germ-free rats produces a certain cellular reaction, probably T-dependent, though any definite signs of hormonal response are absent. One--14 days after lactobacilli have been injected, in the rat intestine mucous tunic no microorganisms are revealed to fix to enterocytes. In cytoplasm of the absorbtive cell villi, the Golgi complex is subjected to hyperplasia and occupies an essential area over the nucleus. Within its cysterns, as well as in the mitochondrial and nuclear membrane areas, myelin-like bodies are revealed; evidently, they demonstrate certain changes in peroxidic oxidation of lipids.. PMID- 7125920 TI - Complications associated with the use of pulmonary artery catheters. PMID- 7125922 TI - The management of carcinoma of the ovary. PMID- 7125921 TI - What's new in female sterilization? The silicone tubal plug is. PMID- 7125923 TI - Reasoning, Part 1. PMID- 7125924 TI - Case of the month no. 57: anterior, subcoracoid dislocation of the humerus "Y" view of the shoulder. PMID- 7125925 TI - The pursuit of excellence. PMID- 7125926 TI - The role of cardiologist in permanent pacemaker implantation in Arizona. PMID- 7125927 TI - [Malignant lymphomas of the gastrointestinal tract (problems of histogenesis, morphogenesis and histological diagnosis)]. AB - Seventy malignant lymphomas of the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) (54 lymphosarcomas, 16 lymphogranulomatoses) were studied. GIT lymphosarcomas and lymphogranulomatosis are characterized by the similarity of histogenesis, morphogenesis, and forms of progression. The lymphoid apparatus of GIT is the source of tumor growth, the tumor develops multicentrically and not simultaneously, the progression occurs as autochthonous growth, metastasizing. Isolated GIT lymphomas have a potential trend for generalization. In lymphosarcomas, the predominant histological types are prolymphocytic and lymphoblastic, in lymphogranulomatosis--mixed-cell and lymphocyte exhaustion. Differential diagnosis must distinguish between malignant lymphoma and pseudolymphoma, different variants of lymphomas and low-differentiated carcinoma, which requires examination of the operation material, knowledge of the typical cytological and histological features of lymphoma variants, and the use of the required complex of histological and histochemical methods. PMID- 7125928 TI - [Ultrastructural characteristics of cervical dysplasia and carcinoma in situ]. AB - Some ultrastructural features of cervical dysplasia and carcinoma in situ were revealed by electron microscopic studies of cervix specimens from 24 women. Both types of preinvasive disorders are characterized by alterations in the distribution of nuclear chromatin, the outline of the nuclear membrane, the amount of cytoplasmic organelles, and the mode of cellular attachment. Unlike dysplasia, a great variety of morphological patterns was found in carcinoma in situ which could be subdivided into squamous and reserve cell types. In carcinoma in situ, there was no increase in differentiation of cells and the cell surface up to the outermost layers. The basal membrane was altered only in carcinoma in situ epithelium. The ability of the epithelial cell processes to penetrate through the altered basal membrane and to invade the underlying stroma may be the evidence of the malignancy of cells in carcinoma in situ but not in dysplasia where the basal membrane was unaltered. PMID- 7125929 TI - [State of the air-blood barrier in experimental liver cirrhosis]. AB - Changes in the structure of the aerohematic barrier of the lungs were found in experimental liver cirrhosis in mice produced by administration of CCl4. The barrier was markedly thicker due to increased amounts of collagen microfibrils and elastic structures, there were degenerative changes of pneumocytes of the I and II type, as well as of endotheliocytes. PMID- 7125930 TI - [Ultrastructural bases of heart failure in the early period of the prolonged crush syndrome]. AB - Histological, electron microscopic, and physiological studies on the myocardium of rats and dogs in severe forms of compression syndrome (6-9 hours of compression and 2-4-7 hours after decompression) revealed three groups of morphological changes underlying cardiac insufficiency: (1) predominantly microcirculatory disorders with mild changes in cardiomyocytes detectable in bradycardia. Under these conditions the development of cardiac weakness may be based on both calcium overloading and reflectory weakening of the heart activity; (2) combination of microcirculatory disorders with marked hypoxic damage of the cardiomyocytes structure detectable under conditions of tachycardia may be an independent cause of the cardiac muscle weakness; (3) changes in the structures of cardiomyocytes responsible for nervous impulses conduction: sarcolemma and its derivatives. Under this condition, the probable cause of cardiac disorders may be electrolyte imbalance accompanying postcompression toxemia. PMID- 7125931 TI - [Changes in the kidney tubules in different forms of glomerulonephritis]. AB - Changes in the renal tubules were studied by light microscopy in 106 puncture biopsies of the kidneys of patients with glomerulonephritis (GN). A certain regularity in the rate of finding of dystrophic and atrophic changes of the tubular epithelium in different morphological types of GN and a correlation of these changes with the level of proteinuria and values of the tubular functions of the kidneys were established. The most severe and extensive changes predominate in the proximal parts of the nephron and are associated with the involvement of the stroma and blood vessels of the kidneys, allowing the differentiation of tubular, tubulo-interstitial, and tubulo-interstitial-vascular components of GN. Changes in the stroma and vessels correlate with the values of glomerular filtration and concentration capacity of the kidneys and aggravate the decreased tubular functions. PMID- 7125932 TI - [Spontaneous closure of an interventricular septal defect]. PMID- 7125933 TI - [Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava]. PMID- 7125934 TI - [Experience of museum work in a centralized pathologicoanatomy department]. PMID- 7125935 TI - [Focal segmental glomerular hyalinosis: a special form of fibroplastic glomerulonephritis]. AB - Focal segmentary glomerular hyalinosis (FSGH) presenting a picture of glomerulonephritis of the nephrotic type is characterized morphologically. Clinico-morphological criteria for diagnosis are presented. FSGH is characterized by a severe nephrotic syndrome, progressive course, and refractoriness to immunosuppressive therapy, focal and segmentary pattern of changes in the glomeruli, the presence of hyalin masses in some lobules of glomerular capillaries, lipid inclusions in mesangial and endothelial cells, tubular epithelial cells and interstitium, as well as uneven outlines of the endothelial surface of the basal membrane of glomerular capillaries. The diagnosis of early changes in FSGH was shown to require light and electron microscopic and immunohistochemical examinations of kidney biopsies. The problems of the etiology and pathogenesis of FSGH and its independence as a nosological entity are discussed. PMID- 7125936 TI - [Disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome: morphological criteria]. AB - Occlusion of the microcirculatory bed vessels with various kinds of microthrombi: fibrin, erythrocytic, leukocytic, and thrombocytic is pathognomonic for the morphological picture of the disseminated intravascular blood coagulation syndrome. Fibrin is the mandatory component of all kinds of microthrombi. The term "fibrinembolism" does not reflect all the complexity of the morphological manifestations of the process. In the group of fibrin thrombi, true fibrin, hyalin, globular thrombi as well as separate strands and filaments of fibrin are distinguished. True fibrin thrombi occur in the venous part of the microcirculatory bed and represent rounded formations of tightly interwoven fibrin filaments. Hyalin thrombi are dense homogeneous formations ultrastructurally different from true fibrin ones by the degree of polymerization (they are particularly characteristic of renal glomerular capillaries). Globular thrombi consist of erythrocytes coated with fibrin and occur in shock. Individual strands and filaments of fibrin are not thrombi but possibly represent a certain stage in the formation of fibrin thrombi; they occur in sinusoids of the liver and spleen. It is for these formation that the term "fibrin-embolism" is most suitable. PMID- 7125937 TI - [Changes in the lungs in diabetes mellitus]. AB - Morphological examinations in the lungs in patients with diabetes mellitus of different degrees of severity and duration (28 autopsy observations) were carried out. Diabetic microangiopathy in the lungs was found to involve the capillaries of alveolar septa and arterioles as well as pleural arterioles, and is manifested by plasmorrhagia, insudation, thickening of basal membranes and hyalinosis of the vessels. Moreover, intraseptal nodules, granulomas in small artery walls, focal proteinosis develop in the lungs followed by sclerosis of the microcirculatory bed vessels and centrilobular emphysema. All these comprise a favourable background for the development of pneumonias which, along with pulmonary-cardiac insufficiency are one of the most frequent causes of death of patients with diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7125938 TI - [Changes in the cover layer of the synovial membrane in the early stage of rheumatoid synovitis (based on light and electron microscopic data)]. AB - In the early stage of rheumatoid synovitis, changes in synoviocytes of the cover layer in the joints with clinical manifestations of arthritis differ from stereotype reactions of these cells in the advanced stage of the disease. Fibrin, IgG and C3-fraction of complement are found on the surface and in the depth of the cover layer. Light and electron microscopy revealed the features of type B synoviocytes prevalent in the cover layer in the early stage of the disease: polymorphism and rounding of the nuclei of synoviocytes, mitoses, fragmentation and degeneration of the nucleolus, loosening of the chromatin network and appearance of interchromatin granules, nuclear bodies, formation of multinucleated synoviocytes and symplasts, destruction of organelles, activation of lysosomal apparatus of the cells. These changes may be interpreted as simultaneous manifestations of cell activation and cytopathologic effect. They are likely to be due to the effect of the etiological factor and immunocomplex mechanism. The detection of dystrophically altered chrondrocytes in the cover layer confirms the opinion of simultaneous participation of the synovial and cartilage components of the joint in the rheumatoid process. PMID- 7125939 TI - [Morphogenesis of neuroleukemia]. AB - A comparative study of neuroleukemia in children with acute leukemia and in mice with experimental leukemia was carried out. Spontaneous leukemia in AKR mice and transplantation leukemia (LIO-I, La, P388, L-5178Y) were shown to be adequate models for investigations on the pathogenesis of neuroleukemia. The initial morphological manifestations of neuroleukemia consisted in infiltration of dura mater of the brain and epidural space, particularly of the lumbar region of the spine. The leukemic cell infiltrates originating from the bone marrow spread along the walls of vascular anastomoses between the venous system of the skull and vertebrae on the one hand, and dura mater of the brain and epidural space of the spinal cord, on the other. PMID- 7125941 TI - [Dystopy of the thyroid into the interventricular septum of the heart]. AB - A rare case of localization of a large nodus of dystopic thyroid gland with a picture of follicular colloid goiter in the upper part of the interventricular septum near the right venous ostium and valve cusps (in combination with papillary cancer of the left lobe and isthmus of the thyroid gland) in a woman of 60 is described. The patient died with a second ischemic insult and progressive cardiac insufficiency which (in the presence of atherosclerosis and hypertension) could have developed in direct connection with nodus of the thyroid gland in the interventricular septum of the right ventricle. PMID- 7125940 TI - [Postinfarct defects of the interventricular heart septum in hypertension]. AB - Six autopsy observations of postinfarction defects of the interventricular septum developing in the presence of transmural myocardial infarctions in men of 64-69 who had suffered from hypertension for 10-15 years are described. Five patients with such defect died within the first week after the development of the defect of the interventricular septum, but one patient with this defect lived for 2 years and died with repeat infarction. This complication was diagnosed intravitally in 3 patients. PMID- 7125942 TI - [Rectal cancer (a differential electron microscopic diagnosis)]. AB - A tumor of the rectum in a woman of 74 is described. The analysis of the tumor in light microscope suggested a low-differentiated cancer or melanoma. Electron microscopic examination of the tumor metastasis into a lymph node showed most of the tumor cells to have low differentiation and contain no ultrastructural organspecific markers. However, in the tumor cells comprising a small group, typical tonofibrils and desmosomes were found which substantiated the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma. PMID- 7125943 TI - [Atresia of the right atrioventricular ostium]. AB - Thirteen heart preparations with atresia of the right atrio-ventricular orifice (ARAVO) were examined. The ARAVO implies a congenital heart defect characterized by the lack of direct anatomical contact between the right atrium and the right ventricle, the presence of interatrial passage, the only left atrio-ventricular orifice connecting the left atrium with the only ventricular chamber. As indicated by the results of the study, "the right ventricle" in ARAVO contains no sinus part and, therefore, cannot be regarded as a ventricle. It is a rudimentary chamber. The above data indicate that a heart with one ventricle is the only ventricle. The typical findings in the ventricular (infundibular septum) and rudimentary (complete lack of the inflow part) chambers allow the anatomic essence of the defect to be regarded from new viewpoint and to consider a possibility of performing new operations, anatomo-physiological in nature, in contrast to "hemodynamical" performed previously. PMID- 7125944 TI - [Intracranial tuberculoma: clinical and pathological aspects]. AB - A retrospective analysis of 19.760 consecutive autopsies and 72.972 biopsies in a period of over 41 years disclosed 24 intracranial tuberculomas in 17 patients, representing 4,2% of the intracranial space-occupying lesions. Most intracranial tuberculomas were found the cerebral hemispheres whereas one third of them were located in the cerebellum. About two thirds of the patients were younger than 20 years old. The clinical picture of intracranial tuberculomas is similar to that of other space-occupying lesions, comprising signs of raised intracranial pressure and signs related to the anatomical site of the lesion. PMID- 7125945 TI - [Meningeal infiltration by plasma cell leukemia and Hodgkin's lymphoma: cytomorphological study in the cerebrospinal fluid]. AB - Cytomorphological findings in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of two patients suffering plasma cell leukemia and non Hodgkin's mixed cell lymphoma are reported. In the first were found immature plasma cells, polynucleate giant cells with giant nucleoli and atypical mitoses. In the second one polynucleate giant cells with hypercromatic and polyfissured nuclei and atypical mitoses are prominent. It is emphasized the importance of the early cytomorphological CSF study in patients with myelo or lymphoproliferative diseases. PMID- 7125946 TI - Ependymal astrocytoma: subependyoma or subependymal glomerate astrocytoma. AB - The histological study of four cases and one by electron microscopy of subependyomomas allowed us to obtain morphostructural characteristics of ependymocytes and astrocytes. Comparing these findings to those of the present day literature, we propose to name these tumours ependymal astrocytomas. PMID- 7125947 TI - [Post-anoxic myoclonic encephalopathy (Lance-Adams syndrome): anatomopathological study of 2 cases]. AB - Two cases of Lance-Adams syndrome with anatomopathologic study are reported. There were evidences of diffuse neuronal degeneration in the brain. These changes were most seen in the neurones of the cortical layers, thalamus and subthalamic nuclei. The cells changes were similar to those seen in ischaemic disease. Some neurones showed intracytoplasmatic inclusions staining with the P.A.S. method. These inclusions were readily distinguished from the Lafora bodies. PMID- 7125948 TI - [Basilar impression as a cause of trigeminal neuralgia: report of a case]. AB - A case of basilar impression associated with Arnold-Chiari malformation and with trigeminal neuralgia is reported. The radiological examination of the skull showed marked asymmetry of the petrous bone with the tip of the odontoid apophysis located 30 mm above the McGregor line. Treatment consisted of craiectomy of the posterior fossa and cervical laminetomy (C1 to C3). The postoperative course was uneventful with total disappearance of the trigeminal neuralgia. PMID- 7125949 TI - [Acute pulmonary edema secondary to a posterior fossa tumor: report of a case]. AB - A case of a 44-year-old woman presenting pulmonary edema secondary to posterior fossa meningioma is reported. The authors have tried to demonstrate the relationship between a lesion occupying space in the posterior fossa and important pulmonary abnormality such as interstitial edema based on increasing A aDO2 (oxygen alveolar arterial gradient) in this peculiar case. A-aDO2 is easily measured and represents a good guide for evaluating the efficiency of medical and neurosurgical management when it is done in the serial way, particularly in those cases of non cardiogenic pulmonary edema. PMID- 7125950 TI - [Ectopic meningioma of the calvarium: report of a case]. AB - A case of calvarial meningeoma in a 42 year old female is reported. Arising from the inner table of the skull, it projected a extracranial mass without neurological simptomatology. The surgical procedure give good results. Some aspects of the literature and radiologics finds are commented. The infrequency of this pathology is resulted. PMID- 7125951 TI - [Hydranencephaly: clinicopathological study of 6 cases]. AB - The study of six patients with hydranencephaly is reported. Clinical and necroscopic findings have been performed in correlation to routine laboratory examination. The Authors have concluded that transilumination is an important procedure for early diagnostic of these cases, especially when the patients have a milder or incomplete form of the syndrome. The necroscopic findings suggest that hydranencephaly may be the result of encephaloclastic lesions (inflammatory, mechanical or vascular) that, either before or after birth, lead to complete destruction of the brain, with sparing of sub-tentorial structures. PMID- 7125952 TI - [Progressive hemifacial atrophy (Parry-Romberg disease): study of a case]. AB - A caracteristic case of hemifacial progressive atrophy at right is reported. The patient was a man with 45 year-old. There were epileptic crisis at left too. Alterations observed in clinical-neurological examination are referred. In computadorized tomographic axial examination there were parietotemporal atrophy at left and frontal contrast hipercaptation at right. In EEG there were lentification at right and depression at left who was in concordance with the pathological alterations of the patient: atrophy and cortical depression at left with facial atrophy at right and lentification and contrast hipercaptation at right with epileptic crisis at left. EMG showed facial velocity conduction slowed at right. The authors believe in atrophy hemifacial progressive has been a disease which injuries central and peripheral nervous system at one time. PMID- 7125953 TI - [Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with deafness: report of a case and review of the literature]. AB - A case of chronic bulb-pontine paralysis with deafness, with early onset, coursing along nine years is reported. There seem to be histopathologic and electromyographic evidences on which is concluded to be a variant form of juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Van Laere form). PMID- 7125954 TI - In vitro evaluation of U.S. and U.S.S.R. artificial hearts. AB - This report summarizes the results of the in vitro evaluation of Soviet and American artificial hearts. The devices were tested at the All-Union Institute of Transplantation and Artificial Organs, Moscow, U.S.S.R., and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, U.S.A. These studies were designed to standardize procedures to allow comparison of artificial ventricles of different designs. Also, these studies might provide a means for evaluation of other characteristics such as hemolysis, durability, and reliability. Static and dynamic tests were performed, varying preload, afterload, rate, and systolic and diastolic time intervals. All designs demonstrated comparable function curves with capability of taking over the pressure and volume work of the natural heart. PMID- 7125955 TI - Acetate suppresses growth hormone secretion in uremic patients: hemodialysis and acetate infusion experiments. AB - Growth hormone secretion in uremic patients is completely suppressed immediately after initiation of and during hemodialysis using acetate dialysate. The present study demonstrates that growth hormone secretion stimulated by arginine is also inhibited by hemodialysis. Acetate infusion experiments proved that the high blood acetate level obtained during dialysis is at least partly responsible for this growth hormone suppression by unknown mechanisms. PMID- 7125956 TI - Selection of filters and evaluation in vitro of the selective dual filtration artificial kidney, SEDUFARK. AB - Transport properties of different artificial kidney membranes have been studied employing substances with molecular weights ranging from 60 daltons (urea) to 62,000 daltons (dextran). The results from these studies were used to select filters for the SElective DUal Filtration ARtificial Kidney, SEDUFARK. Selection criteria for filters to be used in long-term clinical trials with SEDUFARK were based on biological tests showing toxicity of large molecular weight substances in uremic blood plasma and clinical advantages of returning middle molecular weight substances to the patient. The filters selected were used for evaluation in vitro of the complete SEDUFARK system. The results confirmed a theoretical analysis of this system, demonstrating that selective removal of substances within given molecular weight ranges from uremic blood plasma is feasible with a combination of commercial filters. The efficiency of the system, however, is limited due to the "cut-off" characteristics and hydraulic permeabilities of membrane types currently available. PMID- 7125957 TI - The thin-film adsorber hemoperfusion device: development and evaluation of clearance characteristics. AB - A novel hemoperfusion device was developed by embedding powered activated charcoal in thin (150 micrometer) films of cellulose nitrate. These films were sprinkled with small particles of granular charcoal and wound into spools, which were then placed in a plastic housing. The use of powdered charcoal exploits the enormous rate-of-uptake advantage of powered charcoal over the granular sorbents found in other hemoperfusion devices. The granular carbon sprinkled on the films was primarily to provide spacing between adjacent film layers for adequate fluid flow; the granules did enhance long-term uptake in addition. Clearance tests with this novel "thin-film adsorber," using sodium salicylate, sodium barbital, and creatinine, showed that its rate of solute adsorption, particularly at early times, was consistently very high. This type of hemoperfusion device is a promising alternative to the granular-sorbent types of devices currently available, especially when maximal solute removal during the early stages of treatment is mandated. PMID- 7125958 TI - Continuous enrichment of albumin in relation to globulins in plasma. AB - This in vitro study deals with the problem of continuous separation of albumin from globulins in patient's plasma and reinfusion of the useful components of the plasma to the patient as the substitution fluid during a plasma exchange (PE) treatment. A cascade filtration system is developed to generate continuously two plasma fractions, one rich in globulins and the other rich in albumins, using two filters (H1P100 filter with a molecular weight cutoff 100,000 and Diafilter 20 with a molecular weight cutoff 30,000). For example, the system is able to increase the albumin/globulin ratio of plasma from 0.42 to 1.98, and the albumin concentration in the secondary plasma fraction is about seven times higher than that in the primary plasma fraction. This system is expected to be clinically useful in eliminating the side effects inherent in the usage of any other substitution fluid during a PE treatment. PMID- 7125959 TI - The effect of repeated hemoperfusion over charcoal in the conscious rat on liver pathophysiology. AB - An investigation has been made into the effects of repeated charcoal hemoperfusion in the rat on liver pathophysiology. Animals underwent hemoperfusion over Norit RBX1 charcoal using a technique which allowed perfusion in the unrestrained and conscious state, thus minimizing any possible effects from stress and eliminating the necessity of repeated anesthesia. Controls consisted of animals subjected to perfusion through empty columns and animals cannulated only. Liver weight, function, and histology were recorded at various times following hemoperfusion and control procedures. The results show that repeated charcoal hemoperfusion is well tolerated in the rat and can be performed safely with no deleterious effects on liver tissue. PMID- 7125960 TI - Hemoperfusion and DNA synthesis in the rat liver. Part I: the effect of hemoperfusion on the rate of DNA synthesis. AB - An investigation has been made into whether charcoal hemoperfusion stimulates a hyperplastic response in the liver of the normal rat. Animals underwent hemoperfusion over Norit RBX1 (Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K.) charcoal granules using a technique which allowed perfusion in the unrestrained and conscious state. Controls consisted of animals subjected to perfusion through empty columns and animals cannulated only. Body weight, liver weight, function, and DNA synthesis were recorded at various times after completion of perfusion and control procedures. The results indicated that charcoal hemoperfusion did not stimulate a hyperplastic response in the liver of the normal rat following perfusion, and did not produce marked changes in body weight, liver weight, and function. PMID- 7125961 TI - Hemoperfusion and DNA synthesis in the rat liver. Part II: the effect of hemoperfusion on DNA synthesis in the rat liver undergoing compensatory hyperplasia after partial hepatectomy. AB - An investigation has been made into whether hemoperfusion over activated charcoal effects the rate of DNA synthesis in the rat liver undergoing compensatory hyperplasia. Hemoperfusion was performed in the unrestrained and conscious rat, thus minimizing any possible effects of stress and eliminating exposure to anesthetic agents. The results demonstrate that hemoperfusion over Norit RBX1 charcoal does not influence the liver to undergo compensatory hyperplasia following partial hepatectomy when hemoperfusion is performed immediately after hepatic injury, and that liver mass, function, and fat content consequent upon partial hepatectomy are also not influenced. PMID- 7125962 TI - Hexsyn trileaflet valve: application to temporary blood pumps. AB - A trileaflet valve, compression molded of Hexsyn rubber, was evaluated as a component in temporary blood pumps. A pair of valves was integrated into an LVAD which was tested in vitro and in vivo. The valve's hemodynamic performance was satisfactory and the blood compatibility was excellent in a three-week, in vivo experiment conducted to demonstrate performance in a short-term application. Hexsyn, which has excellent properties and produces high quality, complex components with ease of fabrication, offers a potential for low-cost blood pump valves. PMID- 7125963 TI - The TM bubble oxygenator: development and clinical application. AB - A bubble oxygenator (the TM or the OCVC oxygenator) has been produced with development efforts focused particularly on reduction of the nonphysiological characteristics of this type of oxygenator. The structural features of the apparatus are: (1) a reduction to the minimum of adequate priming volume, (2) an oxygen disperser designed to ensure evenly dispersed, uniform-sized bubbles, (3) a volume-control system for the oxygenating chamber (the OCVC system) based on extensive experimental oxygenation studies, and (4) an integrated double microfilter of the gravity-drainage type. Clinical features are: (1) ease of operation in perfusion, (2) reduction in hemolysis and postoperative blood loss, and (3) fewer complications associated with microemboli. Clinical use on over 200 infants and children proved generally very satisfactory. The background of its development is briefly described as are future modification plans. PMID- 7125964 TI - Resin hemoperfusion in the treatment of tricyclic antidepressant overdose. PMID- 7125965 TI - Amikacin is not removed by XAD-4 hemoperfusion. PMID- 7125966 TI - Evaluation of dialyzer reuse at Toronto Western Hospital. PMID- 7125967 TI - Intermittent vascular access for extracorporeal circulation in conscious rats: a new technique. AB - A new technique is described for repeated intermittent access to the systemic circulation in fully conscious rats for infusion or extracorporeal circulation. The femoral artery and vein of each rat were cannulated. The cannulas were then passed subcutaneously and exteriorized through the skin of the tail 2 cm from its base. The exposed cannulas were protected by a special plastic device. This new approach did not immobilize the rat except during access to the circulation; even then, only the distal portion of the tail was immobilized, thus allowing the animal to move freely. This way repeated access to the systemic circulation was easily achieved in the fully conscious rat. PMID- 7125968 TI - Furosemide-induced increase in urinary and peritoneal excretion of uric acid during peritoneal dialysis in patients with chronic uremia. AB - Intermittent peritoneal dialysis was performed in 17 patients with chronic uremia in order to observe the effect of furosemide added to the dialysate on urinary and peritoneal elimination of uric acid. Two kinds of dialysate were used: moderately hypertonic (osmolality, 431.2 mOsm/kg of water) and slightly hypertonic (osmolality, 368.9 Osm/kg of water). Significant increases in urine volume, urinary and peritoneal excretion of uric acid, and renal and peritoneal clearances were found. The increase in urinary excretion of uric acid exceeded that of urine volume. These findings were interpreted to be the result of furosemide action on renal function after being transferred through the peritoneum into the blood stream with the concomitant increase in the uric acid shift from the circulation into the peritoneal cavity. We concluded that the addition of furosemide is useful in increasing uric acid elimination in patients with chronic uremia. PMID- 7125969 TI - Industry concerns regarding the practice of remanufacture and reuse of single-use hemodialyzers. PMID- 7125970 TI - Plasmafiltration in factitious hyperthyroidism. PMID- 7125971 TI - How to comply with the Food and Drug Administration Administration's "Investigational Device Exemption" regulations including an application form (revised January 1982). Prepared by the ISAIO Standards Committee. Part 2. PMID- 7125972 TI - Transient global amnesia. Precipitating activities and other observations. AB - Impressed with the number of patients whose spells of transient global amnesia were triggered by special circumstances, I have reviewed 78 such cases. Precipitating events were reported in 26 of 85 spells: eight occurred during highly emotional experiences; seven, during sexual intercourse; six, while the patient was in pain; two, while a trigeminal ganglion was being stimulated; and three, during a dip in the cold Atlantic Ocean. These observations suggest an electrophysiologic disturbance. The characteristics of the amnesia, the organization of memory, and behavior during spells were also considered. PMID- 7125974 TI - Fear responses in patients with epilepsy. AB - Ictal fear was found equally with left- and right-sided temporal lobe foci, suggesting that basic components of fear may be bilaterally represented. With regard to interictal fear, patients with left-sided foci reported more fear of social and sexual situations, but not of animals and physical injury, compared with other groups. Men with foci in the right temporal lobe reported less fear than men with left-sided foci. It is conceivable that the two hemisphere contribute differently in the cognitive elaboration of fear responses. Alternatively, differential patterns of self-report of fearfulness may be secondary responses to cognitive or sensorimotor loss. Finally, the present study not only demonstrates differences between right and left temporal lobe epileptics, but also between these groups and those with and without other CNS dysfunction. PMID- 7125975 TI - The innervation of flexor carpi radialis. An interfascicular dissection. PMID- 7125973 TI - Angular gyrus syndrome simulating Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 7125976 TI - Ischemic cerebrovascular complications of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis. The value of computed tomography. AB - In an effort to define the value of computed tomographic (CT) scanning in assessment of cerebral involvement in children with severe Haemophilus influenzae meningitis, we studied 12 children who had focal neurologic deficits on admission or within the early days of illness. The CT scan reliably excluded abscess and cerebritis and suggested ischemic cerebrovascular lesions in 11 of 12 children. Scans performed early in the hospital course generally showed low-density lesions occurring in a vascular distribution without detectable mass effect or enhancement. Later in the clinical course there was consistent enhancement of gray matter or diffuse enhancement in the area of the vascular lesion. The duration of symptoms of meningitis ranged from five to 21 days (mean, 13 days) and appeared to predispose to these vascular lesions. A CT scan consistent with infarction of brain parenchyma occurred predictably in patients with persistent focal neurologic deficits and was correlated with poor outcome. PMID- 7125977 TI - Monocular ictal nystagmus. PMID- 7125978 TI - Benign familial spinal muscular atrophy with hypertrophy of the calves. PMID- 7125979 TI - Brainstem lesions with pure motor hemiparesis. Computed tomographic demonstration. PMID- 7125980 TI - Clinical and electrophysiological studies in primary lateral sclerosis. AB - Primary lateral sclerosis denotes a clinical state with the insidious onset and slow progression of neurological dysfunction limited to the corticospinal tract. We describe four unrelated patients with spastic paraparesis and normal sensory and cerebellar function. None had a family history of neurological disease. All had been symptomatic for more than five years and had been followed up for 25 to 42 months manifesting signs of involvement of other systems. Laboratory and roentgenographic evaluations demonstrated no contributory abnormality. Motor and sensory nerve conduction studies and electromyography disclosed no abnormality. These negative findings support the position that primary lateral sclerosis is a distinct neurological entity. PMID- 7125981 TI - Acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia in a patient treated for brain tumor. PMID- 7125982 TI - Effects of anticholinergic drugs on memory in Parkinson's disease. PMID- 7125983 TI - Aphasia after right thalamic hemorrhage. PMID- 7125984 TI - Bent-knee pulling in the diagnosis of upper lumbar root lesions. PMID- 7125985 TI - Fukuyama-type congenital muscular dystrophy. PMID- 7125986 TI - Neurologic manifestations of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. PMID- 7125987 TI - Effective treatment of Wilson's disease with oral zinc. PMID- 7125988 TI - Reversible locked-in state in postinfective measles encephalitis. PMID- 7125989 TI - Parkinsonian features and progressive supranuclear palsy. PMID- 7125990 TI - Benign masturbatory cephalalgia. PMID- 7125991 TI - Intrapartum brachial plexus injury. PMID- 7125993 TI - Spontaneous eye blinks and EEG changes. PMID- 7125992 TI - Spatial confabulation. PMID- 7125994 TI - Classic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with dementia. AB - Documented cases of classic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) combined with severe dementia are few and come from the isolated populations of the Western Pacific. In this report, three women had a clinically and neuropathologically documented combination of ALS and dementia. In all cases the symptoms and signs of ALS were mainly bulbar. In two of them dementia appeared first, followed by ALS. At autopsy, there was a marked discrepancy between the severe degree of dementia of Alzheimer's type and the sight nonspecific neuropathologic findings without Alzheimer's changes. Our cases bear a close resemblance to recently published Japanese cases. It may be concluded that the combination of sporadic ALS and progressive dementia seems to be a clinical entity without consistent neuropathologic changes and that it also occurs in the western countries. PMID- 7125995 TI - Eye movements in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. AB - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by degeneration of the upper motor neurons in the frontal cortex and the motor neurons of the brain stem and spinal cord. Cranial nerve nuclei III, IV, VI are usually normal histopathologically, as are the eye movements clinically. Using electro oculography, we found decreased saccadic or smooth pursuit velocities in four of ten patients unidirectional saccadic pursuit in one of these four, and progressively decreasing saccadic velocities in another. We believe the defect is supranuclear and that the ocular motor system is more often abnormal in patients with ALS than previously recognized. PMID- 7125996 TI - Carotid occlusive disease. Effect of bright light on visual evoked response. AB - Four patients had severe carotid artery occlusive disease associated with ipsilateral visual blurring and exposure to bright light. Attenuation of the visual evoked response was noted after patients were exposed to an artificial source of light for 30 s. No significant abnormality of the visual evoked response was seen in the asymptomatic eyes or in the 16 eyes of eight control subjects, some of whom had carotid artery occlusive disease associated with ipsilateral venous stasis retinopathy. We concluded that ischemia of the macular region is necessary to produce these visual symptoms and that local retinal blood flow has been reduced to the flow threshold of electrical failure. These findings provide objective documentation of an abnormality that may be associated with an important symptom indicative of severe carotid artery occlusive disease. PMID- 7125997 TI - Ophthalmodynamometry and ocular pneumoplethysmography for detection of carotid occlusive disease. AB - The accuracy of ophthalmodynamometry and ocular pneumoplethysmography for predicting pressure-significant lesions of the internal carotid system was compared in a series of 119 consecutive patients (210 arteries) having cerebral angiography. Overall accuracy (92.5%) for ocular pneumoplethysmography was significantly better than that for ophthalmodynamometry (76%). The difference was most apparent in predicting abnormality (85% for ocular pneumoplethysmography and 49% for ophthalmodynamometry), particularly for bilateral lesions (80% for ocular pneumoplethysmography and 37% for ophthalmodynamometry). There were few false positive results with either test. PMID- 7125998 TI - Evoked potentials in multiple sclerosis. AB - Short-latency somatosensory short-latency auditory, and pattern evoked visual potentials were recorded in 115 patients with suspected, possible, probable, or clinically definite multiple sclerosis. An abnormality of at least one evoked potential was found in 94% of the clinically definite cases, in 67% of the summed suspected, possible, and probable cases, and in 80% of the entire series. Abnormalities of all three modalities of evoked potentials were correlated with severity of illness. Short-latency auditory evoked potential abnormalities were correlated with clinical judgement in respect to localization of lesions and activity of disease. PMID- 7125999 TI - Colonometry, cystometry, and evoked potentials in multiple sclerosis. AB - The conditions of three patients with advanced-stage multiple sclerosis and symptoms related to bowel and bladder function were evaluated using colonometry, cystometry, and somatosensory evoked responses from the posterior tibial nerve. The colonometrograms and cystometrograms showed notable hyperreflexia and reduced filling capacity when compared with neurologically intact patients. The neurological lesions were localized to above the conus medullaris by recording normal somatosensory responses at L-1 and abnormal responses over the scalp. This combination of tests are important in the documentation of bowel and bladder dysfunction, the localization of the neurological lesion causing the symptoms, and the determination of treatment of bowel and bladder symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7126000 TI - Visual hypoemotionality as a symptom of visual-limbic disconnection in man. AB - In a patient with bilateral occipitotemporal hematomas secondary to head trauma, profound prosopagnosia, topographical memory disturbance, and a modality-specific inability to become emotionally aroused by visual cues developed. Data from neurological, neuropsychological, and psychophysiological assessment of the patient's deficits were interpreted as indicating a visual-limbic disconnection syndrome. The patient's symptoms were related to findings of emotional changes and visual impairment in macaques with bitemporal ablations and/or complete visual-temporal disconnection. PMID- 7126001 TI - Multifocal interstitial myositis associated with localized lipoatrophy: a benign course. PMID- 7126002 TI - Amusia due to right temporoparietal infarct. AB - An accomplished organist, who could neither read nor write music, suddenly lost his ability to play familiar melodies as the result of an infarction of the right superior temporal and supramarginal gyri. Although the patient had minor difficulty recognizing familiar melodies and coordinating his hands, he had mainly an expressive instrumental amusia. This case provides further evidence of right hemispheric dominance for musical execution, relatively independent of musical knowledge and training. PMID- 7126003 TI - Cerebral computed tomography in lipodystrophy. PMID- 7126004 TI - Effects of atropine on pulse rate in acute hepatic porphyria. PMID- 7126005 TI - Physiologic hand tremor. PMID- 7126006 TI - Intracranial parasellar plasmacytoma. PMID- 7126007 TI - Anterior spinal artery syndrome after cervical injection of heroin. PMID- 7126008 TI - Treatment of restless legs syndrome with levodopa plus benserazide. PMID- 7126009 TI - Facial diplegia following ethylene glycol ingestion. PMID- 7126010 TI - Chronic subdural hematoma with attacks resembling transient ischemia. PMID- 7126011 TI - Esthesioneuroblastoma. Pathologic quiz case 1. PMID- 7126012 TI - Current perspectives on biomedical research in the United States. PMID- 7126013 TI - The research environment. PMID- 7126014 TI - Concerns of the practicing otolaryngologist. PMID- 7126015 TI - Concerns of the basic scientist. PMID- 7126017 TI - Attracting future investigators. PMID- 7126016 TI - Concerns of the clinical scientist. PMID- 7126018 TI - Research training for residents. PMID- 7126020 TI - The development of research programs in otolaryngology. PMID- 7126021 TI - Myths of grantsmanship. PMID- 7126022 TI - Collaborative research. PMID- 7126023 TI - Attaining functional esophageal speech. AB - From the records of the Veterans Administration Hospital and the American Cancer Society, 357 patients who had undergone laryngectomy had their conditions evaluated retrospectively to see if they had acquired alaryngeal speech. Despite the efforts of highly qualified speech pathologists and the favorable implications of previous reports, only 24.4% of the entire patient population achieved functional esophageal speech. The addition of other treatment modalities did not substantially affect the results. It is concluded that if obtaining esophageal speech is the primary goal in successful rehabilitation of the alaryngeal patient, then there is a profound need to reassess the previous directions in restoration of postlaryngectomy communication. PMID- 7126024 TI - Transseptal repair of unilateral choanal atresia. AB - Unilateral choanal atresia is a congenital problem initially observed by the otolaryngologist as unilateral nasal obstruction. Elective surgical correction can be done using the transnasal, transpalatal, transantral, or transseptal techniques. Two patients underwent this procedure with the transseptal technique. We believe this is a safe, uncomplicated, and reliable technique for the correction of unilateral choanal atresia. PMID- 7126019 TI - Research career development for young faculty. PMID- 7126026 TI - Bacterial tracheitis. PMID- 7126025 TI - Nasopharyngeal paraganglioma. Report of a case and review of literature. PMID- 7126028 TI - Fungiform papilloma. Pathologic quiz case 2. PMID- 7126027 TI - The dorsal nasal flap. PMID- 7126029 TI - [An interactive computer system for control, handling and recording of vestibular tests]. AB - One processor controls and records the standard leakage of spontaneous nystagmus and the rotatory and caloric tests in three laboratories. It cyclicly scans the horizontal and vertical electronystagmographic leakage from all rooms and it stores the results of its measurement on to a magnetic disk. If these data are to be archived, the computer first calls for the patients's records and then it transfers the test data from the magnetic disk on to an analogous magnetic tape with a tenfold reduction of the time interval. A 3,600-feet-long magnetic tape contains the results of test measurements for a total of 256 h, corresponding to 800-1,000 vestibular tests. With the computer, it is possible to introduce modifications of all vestibular tests, to stop a test at any time, or to plot an electronystagmogram on a curve tracer. PMID- 7126030 TI - Macromolecular transport in the spiral prominence. AB - Transport of macromolecules in the spiral prominence of the guinea pig was studied after perilymphatic and intravenous horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injection. HRP was taken up by the spiral prominence epithelium from the perilymphatic space and in a much higher degree from the endolymphatic space. A highly endocytic activity was shown by the stroma cells surrounding the spiral prominence vessel. HRP particles were stored in the cytoplasm within vesicles and vacuoles of different sizes and different contrasts. The mode of tracer storage in the spiral prominence epithelium and in the stroma cells from the morphological point of view suggests lysosomal digestion. HRP was transported from the perilymphatic space into the spiral prominence vessel lumen by means of vesicular transport through the vessel wall, while transport of the tracer from the vessel lumen into the perilymphatic space after intravenous injection was not observed. PMID- 7126031 TI - Frequency-dependence of early auditory evoked responses in the guinea pig. AB - Neural auditory responses in the guinea pig, monitored by surface electrodes (brain stem potentials and frequency-following responses) and by electrodes at the round window, were analyzed for evidence of frequency dependence in the range from 500 Hz to 15 kHz. The characteristics of the brain stem potentials and frequency-following responses with stimuli near threshold intensity for frequencies below 2 kHz indicate that this activity derives from the excitation of apical regions of the basilar membrane. The same interpretation applies to the potentials recorded at the round window. Comparison of the responses seen with surface electrodes and those appearing at the round window reveals that the broad potential PI of the brain stem response to low-frequency stimuli corresponds to the compound action potential, while the frequency-following responses correspond to phase-locked responses in the acoustic nerve. PMID- 7126032 TI - [Electron microscopic investigation of connective tissue in vestibular ganglion and nerve in morbus Meniere]. AB - Vestibular ganglia of 17 patients with Meniere's disease, obtained by transtemporal or translabyrinthine neurectomy, were studied by electron microscopy. Three ganglia removed because of other disease and four ganglia of normal ears taken post mortem served as controls. The neuronal fibrous tissue of Meniere cases showed without exception pathologic changes of various extent. The amount of collagen was increased, whereby different fiber diameters were observed as well as changes in the periodicity of cross banding. Signs of continuing collagen formation were found: active fibroblasts and an increased number of isolated Schwann cells without axons, showing deerhorn-like ramifications which enveloped collagen bundles. The blood vessels were frequently surrounded by multiple basal membranes and broad bands of homogenous matrix. The pericytes were either necrotic or nonexistent. The endothelial cell cytoplasma was usually not in an active state. Sometimes it seemed to be autolytic. The pinocytotic activity was strikingly diminished. These qualitative changes of the interstitial tissue might point to a local pathologic event in the region of the vestibular nerve and ganglion. PMID- 7126033 TI - Fluctuant hearing loss: pathogenetic and clinical considerations. PMID- 7126035 TI - Atherosclerosis and the biobehavioral sciences. PMID- 7126034 TI - [The autoparalytic syndrome--a leading symptom of postparetic facial function]. AB - Contradictory clinical and electromyographical findings following operations on the facial nerve have given rise to an analysis of the functional anatomy of the mimic musculature. This has led to the isolation of two sphincter systems in one half of the face to which all muscles on that side belong and which are innervated independently. Because of post-operative fiber aberrations, the innervational autonomy of both systems is lost, thus leading to mass movements. Since each system contains a number of antagonists, a mutual blocking that is the result of the heteromorphous neurotization occurs, producing the symptoms of a residual paresis, although these "weak" muscles are well reinnervated. These anatomical-functional relationships also offer an explanation for the fact that a clinically visible functional rehabilitation of the frontalis muscle rarely occurs following a neuroplasty in the truncal region of the facial nerve. The term "autoparalytic syndrome" thus offers itself as a description of this pathomechanism. PMID- 7126036 TI - Lipoprotein lipase in cultured pig aortic smooth muscle cells. AB - Acetone powder extracts prepared from cultured pig aortic smooth muscle cells and the culture medium from these cells (particularly when incubated with heparin) were shown to contain a lipolytic enzyme which was identified as lipoprotein lipase by the following criteria: 1) stimulation by apolipoprotein C-II; 2) an optimal activity at approximately pH 8.0; 3) inhibition by NaCl, and 4) binding to a heparin-Sepharose affinity column. In addition, we found that cultured arterial smooth muscle cells from guinea pig and rabbit secreted a similar lipase into the culture medium. In contrast, studies using cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells yielded no evidence for either the synthesis or secretion of lipoprotein lipase by these cells. The production of lipoprotein lipase by the smooth muscle cells of the artery may play a role in the process of atherogenesis. PMID- 7126038 TI - Acoustic reflex amplitude. II. Effect of age-related auditory dysfunction. AB - Crossed and uncrossed acoustic reflex amplitude was measured in 99 adult subjects. Minor middle ear dysfunction profoundly influenced acoustic reflex amplitude. Reflex amplitude in subjects with minor impedance abnormality was, on the average, decreased by 68% in comparison to a matched control group. There was a complex relationship among age, sensorineural hearing loss, signal bandwidth and acoustic reflex amplitude. Sensorineural hearing loss differentially influenced acoustic reflex amplitude for young versus older subjects. PMID- 7126037 TI - Roles of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic triglyceride lipase in the catabolism in vivo of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. AB - To define the roles, in vivo, of hepatic triglyceride lipase and lipoprotein lipase in the catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, we investigated the relationship between the activities of the above enzymes in postheparin plasma and the fractional removal rates of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and VLDL remnant particles. In 22 patients, the fractional removal rates of VLDL and VLDL remnant particles were determined from analyses of the disappearance of radioiodinated Sf 60-400 and Sf 12-60 lipoprotein B apoprotein. The maximal activities of hepatic triglyceride lipase and lipoprotein lipase were determined in plasma samples drawn 2-60 minutes after heparin injection (60 U/kg). A positive correlation was observed between the fractional removal rate of VLDL and postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase activity (r = 0.65). When all 22 patients were considered together, no relationship was demonstrable between remnant fractional removal and postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase activity. However, humans may be subdivided with respect to the way in which they catabolize remnants. In some, all remnant may be catabolized to form LDL. In others, some of the remnant may also be directly removed from the circulation. Those subjects in whom previous studies indicate that all remnant is converted to LDL demonstrated a positive correlation between remnant fractional removal rate and postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase activity (n = 8, r - 0.83). No correlations between postheparin plasma hepatic triglyceride lipase activity and any of the fractional removal rates were found. These data are consistent with the following: 1) lipoprotein lipase plays a key regulatory role in the catabolism of triglyceride rich lipoproteins; 2) this role applies only to those catabolic involving the formation of particles of higher density VLDL remnants and low density lipoprotein; and 3) hepatic triglyceride lipase plays no rate-limiting role in the catabolism of VLDL or VLDL-remnant particles. PMID- 7126039 TI - Electrocochleographic study of summating potentials in Meniere's disease. AB - (1) The polarity of summating potentials (SP) and the SP/AP ratio in Meniere's disease depend on the electrode position in the tympanic cavity, on the interval between sound stimuli and the method of recording, whether it is by transtympanic or extratympanic recording. (2) In a series of 42 patients with unilateral Meniere's disease abnormal SPs were not very closely related to the time elapsed since the onset of vertigo, audiometric pattern, or the results of the glycerol test. (3) It was not possible to differentiate Meniere's disease from sudden deafness on the basis of large SP/AP ratios alone. Such ratios were found frequently in both diseases. (4) Recovery or progression of hearing impairment was not always related to changes in the SP. (5) Positive SPs were seen more often in Meniere's disease than in other types of sensorineural hearing loss. PMID- 7126040 TI - Wave V latency and chirp (linear frequency ramp): repetition rate. PMID- 7126041 TI - Impaired listeners' recognition of speech presented dichotically through high- and low-pass filters. AB - 50-word phonetically balanced word lists were presented to hearing-impaired subjects dichotically, with the signal going to one ear high-pass filtered above 780 Hz, and the same signal simultaneously presented to the other ear through a low-pass filter with the same cutoff frequency. The performance with this split signal presentation was compared to both unfiltered diotic and high-pass diotic presentations. The split-signal scheme did not show a significant advantage over both the unfiltered and high-pass diotic presentations in any of the 22 subjects tested; in 1 subject it showed a significant disadvantage. Group differences were near zero for 16 subjects tested at the presumed maximum of their performance intensity function and showed only a weak (insignificant) advantage for the split signal scheme over the unfiltered presentation when most comfortable level and the best of three filter cutoff frequencies were chosen individually for 6 subjects. The conclusion was drawn that the split-signal presentation neither increases nor decreases word recognition scores at relatively high levels in quiet in a predominantly older population. PMID- 7126042 TI - Fetal growth retardation. PMID- 7126043 TI - The assessment of growth in children. AB - In this society, parents often express concern about the growth of their children, because first, they appreciate that poor growth may indicate disease; and second, to be unusually short or tall may have social disadvantages. PMID- 7126044 TI - Failure to thrive. PMID- 7126045 TI - Ingrowing toenail. PMID- 7126046 TI - IUD removal. PMID- 7126048 TI - Menstruation: a life span view. AB - "There are wide variations in menstruation--heavy loss, pain, length of time- which people in general do not seem to realise or allow for in seeing their own pattern as 'normal' and 'common'." PMID- 7126047 TI - Puberty: a comprehensive approach. AB - Understanding the physical, physiological and psychological components of puberty is essential for diagnosis and optimal management of problematic growth and development. The relationships between these components should be considered also. PMID- 7126049 TI - 'The dropped shoulder'. PMID- 7126050 TI - Patient information. PMID- 7126051 TI - Domiciliary monitoring of lung function. PMID- 7126052 TI - General practitioners' reports on patients referred for AMHT at the Shepherd Foundation. PMID- 7126054 TI - Interpretation of the kinetics of consecutive enzyme-catalysed reactions: studies on the arginase-ornithine carbamoyltransferase system. AB - A method that permits the use of measurements on the concentration of the intermediate in a coupled enzymic assay in determining the presence or absence of an interaction between the enzymes is presented. The method is shown to be closely analogous to a previously formulated procedure involving the determination of the rate of production of the final product of such a sequence and is shown to be applicable regardless of the complexity of the operative kinetic mechanisms, provided it may be assumed that all enzyme-substrate complexes are in the steady-state. Kinetic results obtained with the arginase ornithine carbamoyltransferase couple, in which the intermediate ornithine is monitored, are examined in these terms to conclude that no heterogeneous association is operative between the enzymes. PMID- 7126053 TI - Carboxymethylation of thiol groups in ovalbumin: implications for proteins that contain both thiol and disulfide groups. AB - The cysteine residues of hen ovalbumin were S-carboxymethylated with non radioactive iodoacetic acid under various conditions by altering the pH at which the protein was denatured in 8 M urea, by using different molar ratios of non radioactive iodoacetic acid to cysteine and by varying the time at which carboxymethylation was commenced after denaturing conditions had been applied. Under the various conditions, the thiol groups were carboxymethylated to different extents, the residual thiol groups being measured by reaction with 5,5' dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. When ovalbumin is carboxymethylated in alkaline urea, it unfolds slowly and the carboxymethylation is incomplete even with 150-fold excess iodoacetic acid. The known rapid thiol-disulfide exchange that occurs at alkaline pH values makes this method of carboxymethylation unsuitable as a preliminary step for blocking the native cysteine residues of ovalbumin before reduction and labelling the thiol groups formed by reduction of the disulfide bonds. Titration of the thiol groups of ovalbumin in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride or 1% (w/v) sodium dodecyl sulfate at pH 8.2 with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) is more rapid than in 8 M urea and these solvents would be preferable for studies of the disulfide-bonded sequences. Denaturation of ovalbumin in acidic 8 M urea is a very rapid process, and under mild acid conditions thiol-disulfide interchange is much slower. Subsequent carboxymethylation of the cysteine residues at alkaline pH with 150 fold excess iodoacetic acid results in complete carboxymethylation and the carboxymethylated ovalbumin can be reduced and labelled with radioactive iodoacetic acid with specific labelling of the half-cystine residues involved in the disulfide bond. The results are discussed in relation to the allocation of half-cystine residues in other protein systems that contain both thiol and disulfide groups. PMID- 7126056 TI - Effect of dexamethasone and cyclophosphamide on urinary hydroxyproline to creatinine ratios in sheep. AB - The possibility of altering bone collagen turnover rates by injecting large doses of dexamethasone or by administering large doses of cyclophosphamide orally was investigated in sheep on low and high dietary intakes by measuring changes in the ratios of free and total hydroxyproline to creatinine and of calcium to creatinine in the urine. Dexamethasone at the rate of 1.15 mg/kg live weight caused an increase in free hydroxyproline excretion of 111 and 26% and in calcium excretion of 402 and 243% in the low and high intake sheep respectively. Cyclophosphamide (10 mg/kg) had little effect except for causing a slight decrease in total hydroxyproline excretion in the sheep on the high dietary intake. Heavier sheep on high dietary intakes excreted more free hydroxyproline than lighter sheep on low intakes. It was concluded that dosing sheep with corticosteroids for the purpose of defleecing could cause abnormal collagen metabolism. Skeletal disorders are a likely result but further long-term field work would be necessary to determine the practical significance of these findings. PMID- 7126055 TI - Changes in the milk proteins during lactation in the tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii. AB - Samples of whey proteins from the milk of tammar wallabies, Macropus eugenii, were examined by acrylamide gel electrophoresis at all stages of lactation up to 280 days post partum. Whey albumin, beta-globulin and gamma-globulin fractions had similar electrophoretic mobility to that of the equivalent serum protein fractions, but the proteins in the alpha-globulin and pre-albumin regions differed markedly. The alpha-globulins are presumed polymorphic because individuals at the same stage of lactation showed great variability in these electrophoretic regions: up to five polymorphic bands were recognized. Milk proteins changed qualitatively throughout lactation, and in particular the concentration of the pre-albumin and alpha-globulin fractions increased from approximately day 180 to the end of lactation. Total protein concentration of both whole milk and whey approximately doubled in the second half of lactation compared to the first half, reaching maximum mean values of 114 +/- 47 and 96 +/- 50 gl-1, respectively. Whole milk contained consistently more protein than whey, presumably due to the casein it contains. PMID- 7126057 TI - Effects of scopolamine hydrobromide on the development of the chick and rabbit embryo. AB - When 100 or 200 microgram of scopolamine hydrobromide were injected into hen eggs after they had been incubated for 96 h the major malformations of the embryo found were gastroschisis, exencephaly, reduction deformities of the limbs, microphthalmia and buphthalmia when the eggs were opened on the 12th day of incubation. Eight foetuses of one of eight New Zealand white rabbit does given scopolamine hydrobromide at the rate of 473 microgram/kg in their drinking water from the 10th to the 14th day of gestation showed malformations consisting of microphthalmia, buphthalmia, exencephaly and hydrocephaly. A second doe which similarly received 520 microgram/kg of the hydrobromide had four malformed foetuses showing microphthalmia and had two foetuses which were resorbed. However, there were no malformations in foetuses of eight does given bolus doses of scopolamine hydrobromide ranging from 37 to 184 microgram/kg by intramuscular injection every 12 h from the 10th to the 14th day of gestation. Results indicate interference by the drug with the function of the cholinergic nerves on the development of the chick and rabbit embryo. PMID- 7126058 TI - Polyethylene glycol-induced attachment of human spermatozoa to zona-free rat ova in vitro. AB - When human spermatozoa are incubated with zona-free ova in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG), the spermatozoa attach to the ova. Although the binding occurs when bovine serum albumin (BSA) is omitted from the incubation medium, the spermatozoa are better maintained and bind in higher numbers in the presence of both PEG and BSA. No spermatozoa bind to zona-intact ova or to zona free ova in the absence of PEG. The number of spermatozoa bound to ova is dependent on the concentration of PEG (optimum between 10 and 15% w/v), time of incubation (increases linearly) and concentration of spermatozoa (increases linearly). PMID- 7126059 TI - Development of preimplantation mouse embryos in vivo and in vitro. AB - The culture conditions for the development in vitro of (C57BL/6 x CBA) F2 hybrid two-cell embryos to the blastocyst stage have been optimized. Commercially available pre-sterile disposable plastic culture dishes supported more reliable development than re-usable washed glass tubes. The presence of an oil layer reduced the variability in development. An average of 85% of blastocysts developed from hybrid two-cell embryos cultured in drops of Whitten's medium under oil in plastic culture dishes in an atmosphere of 5% O2: 5% CO2: 90% N2. The time taken for the total cell number to double in embryos developing in vivo was 10 h, and in cultured embryos 17 h. Embryos cultured in vitro from the two cell stage to blastocyst stage were retarded by 18-24 h in comparison with those remaining in vivo. Day-4 blastocysts in vivo contained 25-70 cells (mean 50) with 7-28 (mean 16) of these in the inner cell mass. Cultured blastocysts contained 19 73 cells (mean 44) with 8-34 (mean 19) of these in the inner cell mass. In the uterine environment, inner-cell-mass blastomeres divided at a faster rate than trophectoderm blastomeres and it is suggested that a long cell cycle is associated with terminal differentiation. Although cultured blastocysts and inner cell masses contained the same number of cells as blastocysts and inner cell masses in vivo, the rate of cell division in cultured inner cell masses was markedly reduced. PMID- 7126060 TI - Uptake and incorporation of glucose especially into the glycogen pools of preimplantation mouse embryos during culture in vitro. AB - Rate of [14C]glucose uptake by mouse embryos during in vitro culture in media containing optimal concentrations of lactate and pyruvate increased throughout preimplantation development. A reduction in the glucose concentration of the medium from 5.56 to 0.28 mM resulted in a two- to fivefold decrease in glucose metabolism, suggesting near-saturation of the membrane carrier at the lower concentration. Changes in the level of lactate and pyruvate in the medium had little effect on glucose metabolism after the third cleavage division. However, further evidence of interaction between energy substrates during the initial cleavage was obtained. Glucose was stored either as desmoglycogen during early cleavage or in a larger acid-soluble glycogen pool in the latter stages of development. The accumulation of glycogen calculated from its production by blastocysts cultured in either 5.56 or 0.28 mM glucose greatly exceeded that determined in blastocysts freshly collected from the uterus. The absence of lactate and pyruvate from the medium had only minimal effects on glycogen accumulation. Most of the glucose carbon was stored as a form of glycogen. However, considerable amounts were also found in acid-soluble material other than glycogen at all developmental stages, probably as the parent compound and its catabolites. Some was also present in lipids, nucleic acids and proteins. PMID- 7126061 TI - Assessment of the calcium and phosphorus nutrition in horses by analysis of urine. AB - Studied were made to determine if a practical assessment of the calcium and phosphorus nutrition of horses could be obtained from an analysis of urine samples. The concentrations of Ca and P in urine samples changed markedly when groups of 4 mares were fed diets containing from 1.0 to 3.9 g Ca/kg and from 1.5 to 6.1 g P/kg, but serum concentrations of Ca and P remained relatively constant. The concentrations in single urine samples were considered unreliable indicators of excretion of the minerals because of variations in water excretion, and two methods to overcome this problem were examined. In one method, the creatinine clearance ratios (%Cr) of Ca and P were calculated. The other method was simpler, and concentrations of the minerals were expressed as the ratio of the total solute concentration. Both of these methods appeared to give reliable estimates of the excretion of Ca and P in urine, and there were significant relationships between the values obtained for horses fed diets containing a wide range of Ca and P. When the horses were fed adequate Ca, the Ca-%Cr was greater than 2.5% and P-%Cr was less than 4%. The corresponding ratios of mineral concentration to solute concentration were greater than 15 mumole Ca/mosmole and less than 15 mumole P/mosmole. When a low Ca (1.0 g/kg) and high P (4 g/kg) diet was fed, the excretion of Ca and P had changed markedly after 3 days and could be monitored in single samples of urine by either method. It was concluded that a practical assessment of the Ca and P nutrition of horses could be obtained from an analysis of urine samples to determine if the diet is either low, adequate or high in Ca, and high in P. PMID- 7126062 TI - An examination of the calcium and phosphorus nutrition of thoroughbred racehorses. AB - The calcium and phosphorus nutrition of thoroughbred racehorses was assessed by analysis of serum and urine samples collected from 90 horses in 1975 and 139 horses in 1980-81 at racetracks in Melbourne. Horses that were excreting greater than 15 mumole Ca/mosmole and which had a calcium to creatinine clearance ratio greater tha 2.5% were considered to have adequate Ca intake. Horses that were excreting greater than 15 mumole P/mosmole and which had a phosphorus to creatinine clearance ratio greater than 4% were considered to have excessive phosphorus intake. Sixty-percent of the horses sampled had adequate Ca intake, and 44% had excessive intakes of P. Twenty-five percent of the horses were excreting more P in urine than Ca. This would indicate these horses were subjected to nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism, and horses entered in races by 53 of 99 trainers were in this category. It may be concluded that a high proportion (40%) of thoroughbred racehorses receive inadequate calcium nutrition while they are fed high-grain diets during racing. PMID- 7126063 TI - Dieldrin poisoning and botulism in Australian pelicans (Pelecanus conspicillatus). AB - Autopsies and laboratory examinations of material from 24 Australian pelicans found sick or dead in southern coastal Queensland in 1977 to 1979 revealed dieldrin poisoning in 8 from the Brisbane region and botulism in 8 from Brisbane, Bundaberg and Gladstone. In those diagnosed as dieldrin poisoning, brain and liver samples contained 12.1 to 27.4 and 34.0 to 48.1 mg/kg dieldrin respectively. All of these birds were emaciated, 2 had convulsed and 1 had muscle tremors. Low and probably insignificant residues of DDE were detected in many birds. Type C botulism was confirmed in 4 of the 6 birds tested with specific antiserums. A large number of parasites including mites, lice, nematodes, cestodes, trematodes, coccidia and Sarcocystis sp were found but were thought to have had only a limited effect on the health of these birds. PMID- 7126064 TI - Panosteitis in a cocker spaniel dog. AB - A 12-month-old, desexed female Cocker Spaniel had intermittent bilateral foreleg lameness which was due to panosteitis of the radius and ulna. The disease was in the active 'middle' state. Endosteal and periosteal new bone formation was demonstrated by histological examination and accounted for the diffuse osteosclerotic appearance of the radial and ulnar diaphyses seen on radiographs. PMID- 7126065 TI - Adverse effect of cobalt on nitrogen metabolism in sheep fed a high fluorine ration. PMID- 7126066 TI - The possible role of the common field mouse (Mus musculus) in the epidemiology of leptospirosis in pigs. PMID- 7126067 TI - Experimental reproduction of malignant catarrhal fever in Bali cattle (Bos sondaicus) PMID- 7126069 TI - Blood urea assay by the Reflotest-urea method. PMID- 7126068 TI - The recovery of salmonella from sheep that died during transportation by ship. PMID- 7126070 TI - Multiple primary melanoma - a review of 90 cases. PMID- 7126071 TI - Clinical epidemiology and preventive dermatology. A sample of 1,000 cases in South Australia. PMID- 7126072 TI - Growth abnormality in Netherton's syndrome. PMID- 7126073 TI - Systemic mastocytosis: a case report. PMID- 7126074 TI - Small grain mycetomas in the tropics. PMID- 7126075 TI - Applications of nuclear magnetic resonance in medicine. PMID- 7126076 TI - Adenocarcinoma of the paranasal sinuses in Tasmania. PMID- 7126077 TI - Constrictive pericarditis: clinical, hemodynamic and radiological correlation. PMID- 7126078 TI - Pulmonary complication of amoebic liver abscess. PMID- 7126080 TI - Renal parenchymal compression producing hypertension (Page kidney). PMID- 7126079 TI - Ultrasonic appearance of hydatid cysts of the liver. PMID- 7126081 TI - Patterns and pitfalls in the ultrasonic diagnosis of molar pregnancy. PMID- 7126082 TI - A case of giant-cell tumour of femoral shaft origin. PMID- 7126083 TI - Osteopenia and rickets in the extremely low birth weight infant--a survey of the incidence and a radiological classification. PMID- 7126087 TI - Continuous reinforcement of responding for water in rats with medial or dorsolateral septal lesions: effect of deprivation level. PMID- 7126086 TI - Naloxone reverses retrograde amnesia induced by electroconvulsive shock. PMID- 7126084 TI - Radiological detectability of surgical swabs and sponges. PMID- 7126088 TI - gamma-Aminobutyric acid injected into the globus pallidus attenuates drinking elicited by the administration of angiotensin II to the preoptic region in the rat. PMID- 7126085 TI - Vasopressin and memory: the influence of prior experience with the training situation. PMID- 7126089 TI - Physiological responses of rats to footshock stress: effects of social environment. PMID- 7126090 TI - The hippocampus as a possible site of action for increased locomotion during intracerebral infusions of norepinephrine. PMID- 7126091 TI - Septo-hippocampal disconnection and Go-NoGo discrimination in rats. PMID- 7126092 TI - The effect of neonatally administered monosodium glutamate (MSG) on the development of retinofugal projections and entrainment of circadian locomotor activity. PMID- 7126094 TI - Spontaneous hypertension and open-field behavior. PMID- 7126093 TI - Dose-dependent effects of testosterone on feeding and body weight in male rats. PMID- 7126095 TI - The brain and central control in the earthworm. PMID- 7126096 TI - Two-way active avoidance learning following medial, dorsolateral, or total septal lesions in rats: effect of intensity of discontinuous shock. PMID- 7126099 TI - Amphetamine actions in dorsolateral tegmental rats: hypodipsia, anorexia, and central nervous system permeation to [14C] amphetamine. PMID- 7126098 TI - Cross-modality sensory integration in the control of feeding Aplysia. PMID- 7126097 TI - Failure of mice to demonstrate spatial memory in the radial maze. PMID- 7126100 TI - Dominance and neophobia in rats. PMID- 7126101 TI - Bidirectional heart-rate change to photic stimulation in infant rats: implication for orienting/defensive reflex distinction. PMID- 7126103 TI - The effects of age and experience on strain differences for nesting behavior in Mus musculus. PMID- 7126102 TI - Handedness: an alternative hypothesis. PMID- 7126104 TI - Behavior-genetic analysis of Phormia regina: III. A phenotypic correlation between the central excitatory state (CES) and conditioning remains in replicated F2 generations of hybrid crosses. PMID- 7126105 TI - Sex-by-generation and ethnic group-by-generation interactions in the Hawaii family study of cognition. PMID- 7126106 TI - Overrepresentation of adoptees in children with the attention deficit disorder. PMID- 7126107 TI - Light-dependent mating of Drosophila subobscura and species discrimination. PMID- 7126108 TI - Differential neurosensitivity to three alcohols and phenobarbital in C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice. PMID- 7126109 TI - The contribution of genetic factors to ocular dominance. PMID- 7126110 TI - Correlations of measures of personality and of cognitive abilities within and across generations. PMID- 7126112 TI - Familial resemblances in flushing following alcohol use. PMID- 7126111 TI - Genetic variation for morphological and behavioral traits in wild house mice. PMID- 7126113 TI - Factor analysis of a Venezuelan Fear Survey Schedule. PMID- 7126114 TI - Habituation during exposure treatment: distraction vs attention-focusing. PMID- 7126115 TI - Psychophysiological effects of noxious imagery: prevalence and prediction. PMID- 7126116 TI - Patterns of psychophysiological change in the treatment of agoraphobia. PMID- 7126118 TI - Assertion modeling and stimuli effects on assertive behavior and self-efficacy in adolescents. PMID- 7126117 TI - Long-term effects of self-monitoring on reactivity and on accuracy. PMID- 7126119 TI - Mood-induction research--its implications for clinical depression. PMID- 7126120 TI - A component analysis of dry-bed training for treatment for bedwetting. PMID- 7126121 TI - Second-order 'fear' conditioning in humans: persistence of CR2 following extinction of CR1. PMID- 7126122 TI - A self-reinforcement questionnaire. PMID- 7126123 TI - Social anxiety and assertiveness: a comparison of the correlations in phobic and college student samples. PMID- 7126124 TI - Salivation: an assessment of food craving? PMID- 7126125 TI - Reciprocity marital counseling: a replication and analysis. PMID- 7126126 TI - Expansions: a study in the unity of science. AB - This article attempts to establish some of the general laws relating to spatial aspects of general systems theory, i.e., how forces, impulses, and ideas (matter, energy, and information) spread, diversify, and compete with one another, and how the earlier history of observed structures can be traced by backtracking. Principles that have long been accepted for nonliving and low-level living systems are recognized in the activities of individual human beings, groups, and supranational systems. PMID- 7126127 TI - [The problem of spongiosa formation after hip arthrodesis and after the Siwasch hip joint endoprosthesis]. PMID- 7126129 TI - [Acromiclavicular joint dislocation--diagnosis, therapy, outcome]. PMID- 7126128 TI - [Postoperative prevention of thromboembolism with low-dose heparin and micristine in total alloplastic hip joint replacement]. PMID- 7126130 TI - [Post traumatic lesions of the deep vein system after open leg fractures]. PMID- 7126131 TI - [1st results of weed control in teff, Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trott]. PMID- 7126132 TI - Rooting responses of juvenile and adult cuttings of apple (Malus sylvestris L.) and peach (Prunus persica L.) to indole-3 butyric acid (IBA) and season in Tanzania. PMID- 7126133 TI - [Epidemiology of anthracnosis and eye spot disease, conclusions for its prognosis of occurrence and its control in the Republic of Cuba]. AB - The course of attacks by anthracnosis and by the eye spot disease on branches, leaves, and fruits of Coffea arabica L. were investigated in Cuba. The daily precipitation and the shading are most influential for both diseases. There are marked differences in the attacks between the rainy season (highest attacks) and dry season (decreased attacks). Lack of shading increases the susceptibility of the plants to the eye spot disease. Under the conditions in Cuba, unshaded plantations exhibited an increased occurrence of anthracnosis. In order to predict the occurrence of anthracnosis, it is necessary to know the seasonal course of the sporulation capacity of the agent on the branches, for the eye spot disease to know the course of attacks on the leaves. The possibilities are discussed of controlling the two diseases. PMID- 7126134 TI - [Effects of humane electric stunning on the meat quality of slaughtered poultry]. PMID- 7126136 TI - [Development of Schistosoma japonicum in the intermediate host Oncomelania hupensis hupensis snail]. PMID- 7126135 TI - [Diagnosis of paratuberculosis in fallow deer (Dama dama)]. PMID- 7126137 TI - Structural and functional organization of the placenta. International symposium. Hamburg, September 28-29, 1981. PMID- 7126138 TI - Structural and functional organization of the placenta. Introduction. PMID- 7126139 TI - Scanning and transmission electron-microscopic observations of the 'hemophagous organ' of the cat placenta. PMID- 7126140 TI - Ferritin in chorionic villi of the sheep placenta. PMID- 7126142 TI - Electron microscopy of the amnion and allantois in the sheep. PMID- 7126141 TI - Parietal yolk sac in early gestation mouse embryos: structure and function. PMID- 7126143 TI - Comparative anatomy of the placental barrier. PMID- 7126145 TI - Structure of the epitheliochorial porcine placenta. PMID- 7126144 TI - Structure and function of placental binucleate ('giant') cells. PMID- 7126146 TI - Transfer tubules in the porcine placenta. PMID- 7126147 TI - Distribution of the cytotrophoblast in the guinea pig placenta. PMID- 7126148 TI - Transendothelial protein transfer at the fetal capillaries of the guinea pig placenta. PMID- 7126149 TI - Development and differentiation of the human placental villous tree. PMID- 7126150 TI - Structural and functional organization of the placenta from the physiological point of view. PMID- 7126152 TI - Placentone structure of the human placenta. PMID- 7126151 TI - Evolution of the stroma in human chorionic villi throughout pregnancy. PMID- 7126153 TI - Optical-polarization studies of the human placental barrier after histological classification of chorionic villi, with simultaneous clinical classification of neonates. PMID- 7126154 TI - Trophoblast invasion and formation of the basal plate in the human placenta. PMID- 7126155 TI - Ultrastructure of the maternal placenta in human pregnancy. PMID- 7126156 TI - Placental proteins, trophoblast, and fibrin in the human hemochorial placenta. PMID- 7126157 TI - Immunohistochemical demonstration of human and murine pregnancy-associated serum proteins in maternal and placental tissue. PMID- 7126158 TI - Development of the trophoblast in the early carnivore placenta of the cat. PMID- 7126159 TI - A macromolecular inhibitor of the antizyme to ornithine decarboxylase. AB - A macromolecular factor that inhibits the activity of the antizyme to ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) was found in rat liver extracts. The factor, 'antizyme inhibitor', was heat-labile, non diffusable and of similar molecular size to ODC. The antizyme inhibitor re-activated ODC that had been inactivated by antizyme, apparently by replacing ODC in a complex with antizyme. Therefore the antizyme inhibitor can be used to assay the amount of inactive ODC-antizyme complex formed in vitro. When assayed by this method, the complex was shown to be eluted before ODC from a Sephadex G-100 column. Significant increase in ODC activity was observed when the antizyme inhibitor was added to crude liver extracts from rats that had been injected with 1,3-diaminopropane to cause decay of ODC activity, suggesting the presence of inactive ODC-antizyme complex in the extracts. PMID- 7126161 TI - The effects of high concentrations of salts on photosynthetic electron transport in spinach (Spinacia oleracea) chloroplasts. AB - 1. Photosynthetic electron transport from water to lipophilic Photosystem II acceptors was stimulated 3--5-fold by high concentrations (greater than or equal to 1 M) of salts containing anions such as citrate, succinate and phosphate that are high in the Hofmeister series. 2. In trypsin-treated chloroplasts, K3Fe(CN)6 reduction insensitive to 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea was strongly stimulated by high concentrations of potassium citrate, but there was much less stimulation of 2,6-dichloroindophenol reduction in Tris-treated chloroplasts supplied with 1,5-diphenylcarbazide as artificial donor. The results suggest that the main site of action of citrate was the O2-evolving complex of Photosystem II. 3. Photosystem I partial reactions were also stimulated by intermediate concentrations of citrate (up to 2-fold stimulation by 0.6--0.8 M-citrate), but were inhibited at the highest concentrations. The observed stimulation may have been caused by stabilizaton of plastocyanin that was complexed with the Photosystem I reaction centre, 4. At 1 M, potassium citrate protected O2 evolution against denaturation by heat or by the chaotropic agent NaNO3. 5. It is suggested that anions high in the Hofmeister series stimulated and stabilized electron transport by enhancing water structure around the protein complexes in the thylakoid membrane. PMID- 7126160 TI - Oestrogen and progesterone receptors in chick oviduct chromatin after administration of oestradiol, progesterone or anti-oestrogen. AB - Oestrogen-primed and withdrawn chicks were injected with oestradiol benzoate, progesterone, and/or the anti-oestrogens tamoxifen and 4-hydroxytamoxifen. Oestrogen receptors were studied in oviduct chromatin solubilized by mild digestion of purified nuclei with micrococcal nuclease. After a single injection of oestradiol benzoate, ultracentrifugation on sucrose gradients of chromatin extracts labelled with [3H]-oestradiol showed two peaks of oestradiol binding sites, sedimenting at 13--14 S and 7--8 S. After repeated injections of oestradiol benzoate, the 13--14 S peak increased more than the 7--8 S peak. After injection of anti-oestrogen alone or together with oestradiol benzoate, no [3H]oestradiol-binding or 4-hydroxy[3H]tamoxifen-binding peaks were detected in the chromatin. Injection of progesterone also produced an increase of the 13--14 S and 7--8 S chromatin oestradiol receptor. Progesterone receptor could only by detected in chromatin early after progesterone administration, and it sedimented in density gradients with the 12 S mononucleosome fraction. Tamoxifen injected together with progesterone gave higher levels of 13--14 S oestrogen binding sites than did progesterone alone. The presence of a 13--14 S peak of oestrogen binding sites in hormonal situations which promote a biological response in the chick oviduct, and the absence of this peak after administration of anti-oestrogens, suggest that this subfraction of chromatin contains elements involved in gene regulation. PMID- 7126162 TI - Glucocorticoid-receptor interactions. Discrimination between glucocorticoid agonists and antagonists by means of receptor-binding kinetics. AB - The kinetics of binding to the molybdate-stabilized glucocorticoid receptor of rat thymus cytosol were determined at 0 degrees C for a number of glucocorticoid agonists and antagonists. Equilibrium constants derived from the rate constants for association and dissociation were in good agreement with those determined directly or by competition under equilibrium conditions. Kinetics parameters for the slowly dissociating form of binding detected by a non-equilibrium dextran/charcoal competitive binding assay reflected the nature and extent of functional-group substitution on the steroid nucleus, but bore no relation to the classification of steroids as glucocorticoid agonists or antagonists. It is concluded that the binding of antagonists that is detected by such methods is agonist-like binding, which is not relevant to their antiglucocorticoid actions. Both agonists and antagonists displayed Michaelis--Menten association kinetics, but this behaviour was much more pronounced for antagonists. This is attributed to the existence of a second form of steroid-receptor complex, which escapes detection by the usual assay methods as a result of a high rate of dissociation and which is quantitatively antagonist-specific under equilibrium conditions. Direct evidence for the existence of two forms of antagonist-receptor complex was provided by results showing that the dissociation of the glucocorticoid antagonist progesterone from the receptor was biphasic. PMID- 7126164 TI - H+ production by antimycin-inhibited mitochondria. AB - 1. Oxygen-pulse experiments on antimycin-treated liver mitochondria from young rats in the absence of added substrates indicate the presence of an endogenous hydrogenated reductant on the oxygen side of the antimycin inhibition site. This reductant has been estimated to be present in a 20--50-fold molar excess over cytochrome aa3. Oxidation of the reductant by small bursts of electron flow to oxygen gives a ratio H+ translocated:O atoms taken up of 2.1 +/- 0.2. 2. The endogenous hydrogenated reductant competes with added ferrocyanide and with ascorbate/NNN'N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine as a source of reducing equivalents to oxygen. 3. When the contribution of endogenous substrate to H+ production is taken into account, there still remains some respiration-dependent H+ translocation consistent with a H+ pumping activity of cytochrome oxidase. The stoichiometry of this 'extra' H+ translocation is variable and depends on the rate of electron flow. PMID- 7126163 TI - A procedure for the rapid preparation of mitochondria from rat liver. AB - A technique for the rapid preparation of mitochondria from rat liver is described. Tissue fractionation is performed by a single centrifugation step with a discontinuous Percoll density gradient. Total preparation times of 5--6 min are achieved by using this method. The mitochondrial fraction obtained is relatively free of contaminating organelles, as judged by marker-enzyme activity determinations. Mitochondria isolated by Percoll-density-gradient centrifugation differ from mitochondria obtained by differential centrifugation [Taylor, Prpic, Exton & Bygrave (1980) Biochem. J. 188, 443--450] in that the former exhibit a higher acceptor control ratio and a higher calcium content. Values obtained for the protonmotive force are not significantly different between the two preparations. The technique described may be widely applicable for studies requiring the rapid preparation of functionally intact and relatively uncontaminated mitochondria. PMID- 7126165 TI - The control of glucose 1,6-bisphosphate by developmental state and hormonal stimulation in cultured muscle tissue. AB - 1. The concentration of glucose 1,6-bisphosphate, a potent regulator of muscle glucose metabolism, was examined in embryonic muscle cells in culture. 2. The concentration in fused myotubes was twice that in unfused myoblasts. 3. The effect of various hormones and agonists on the glucose 1,6-bisphosphate concentration in both pre- and post-fusion muscle cells was examined. In pre fusion cells no effect of adrenaline or cyclic AMP was observed, but stimulation by vasopressin, adrenaline + propranolol, ionophore A23187 and dibutyryl cyclic GMP significantly decreased glucose 1,6-bisphosphate. In post-fusion cells similar effects were observed, except that stimulation by adrenaline and by dibutyryl cyclic AMP significantly increased metabolite concentration. 4. All effects increased with time (over a 1 h period), except for that of vasopressin, which was transient. 5. The changes in glucose 1,6-bisphosphate concentration were accompanied by changes in the fructose 1,6-bisphosphate/fructose 6-phosphate ratio, implying an effect on phosphofructokinase activity. PMID- 7126166 TI - Interaction of rat liver glucocorticoid receptor with sodium tungstate. AB - Effects of sodium tungstate on various properties of rat liver glucocorticoid receptor were examined at pH7 and pH 8. At pH 7, [3H]triamcinolone acetonide binding in rat liver cytosol preparations was completely blocked in the presence of 10--20 mM-sodium tungstate at 4 degrees C, whereas at 37 degrees C a 30 min incubation of cytosol receptor preparation with 1 mM-sodium tungstate reduced the loss of unoccupied receptor by 50%. At pH 8.0, tungstate presence during the 37 degrees C incubation maintained the steroid-binding capacity of unoccupied glucocorticoid receptor at control (4 degrees C) levels. In addition, heat activation of cytosolic glucocorticoid-receptor complex was blocked by 1 mM- and 10 mM-sodium tungstate at pH 7 and pH 8 respectively. The DNA-cellulose binding by activated receptor was also inhibited completely and irreversibly by 5 mM tungstate at pH 7, whereas at pH 8 no significant effect was observed with up to 20 mM-tungstate. The entire DNA-cellulose-bound glucocorticoid-receptor complex from control samples could be extracted by incubation with 1 mM- and 20 mM tungstate at pH 7 and pH 8 respectively, and appeared to sediment as a 4.3--4.6 S molecule, both in 0.01 M- and 0.3 M-KCl-containing sucrose gradients. Tungstate effects are, therefore, pH-dependent and appear to involve an interaction with both the non-activated and the activated forms of the glucocorticoid receptor. PMID- 7126167 TI - Cell-surface discoidin in aggregating cells of Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - Both discoidin I and discoidin II have been detected on the surface of aggregating (10 h developmental stage) cells of Dictyostelium discoideum NC4 by radioiodination of the cell-surface followed by immunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel-electrophoretic analysis. Approx. 92% of cell surface discoidin I and 72% of cell-surface discoidin II can be eluted with 0.5 M galactose, showing that most of each endogenous lectin is not present as integral membrane protein but rather is bound to cell-surface discoidin receptors. Two dimensional polyacrylamide-gel-electrophoretic analysis of discoidin I suggests that the native tetramer may be a hetero-multimer composed of both Ia and Ib subunits. Cell-surface discoidin I also contains both types of subunit, but it is not clear whether both subunits have corresponding cell-surface receptors. PMID- 7126169 TI - Lutropin increases phosphorylation of a 33 000-dalton ribosomal protein in rat tumour Leydig cells. AB - Addition of lutropin (luteinizing hormone, 'LH') and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine to tumour Leydig cells stimulated phosphorylation of five proteins, of 17 000, 22 000, 24 000, 33 000 and 57 000 Da. Phosphorylation of these proteins coincided with increased pregnenolone production. Phosphorylation of a 33 000-Da protein was lutropin-dependent in Leydig cells isolated from a Leydig-cell tumour, from immature testes or from mature testes. In tumour Leydig cells this protein was present in the small ribosomal subunit. Incubation of tumour Leydig cells with either cycloheximide or puromycin inhibited both basal and lutropin-dependent pregnenolone production, by approx. 90% and 98% respectively. In contrast, basal pregnenolone production in Leydig cells from immature and mature testes was insensitive to cycloheximide or puromycin. Cycloheximide or puromycin increased phosphorylation of the 33 000-Da phosphoprotein by approx. 130% and 80% respectively (effect of lutropin/3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine on phosphorylation: 100%). The molecular mass, the subcellular localization and the sensitivity to phosphorylation in the presence of inhibitors of protein synthesis indicate that the 33 000-Da protein could be similar to ribosomal protein S6. PMID- 7126168 TI - Properties and regulation of a trans-plasma membrane redox system in rat liver. AB - 1. Regulation of the reduction of ferricyanide by the isolated perfused rat liver was studied. 2. The rate of reduction was dependent on the rate of supply of ferricyanide and independent of perfusate oxygen concentration. 3. The effect of pH was also examined; the rate of reduction was optimal at pH 7.4 and was inhibited to a greater extent by pH values below 7.4 than those above 7.4. 4. The effects of substrates on the rate of ferricyanide reduction was assessed. Reductants of the cytosolic and mitochondrial NADH/NAD(+) couple were tested. 2 Hydroxybutyrate (10mm), lactate (10mm), glycerol (10mm) and ethanol (10mm) each had no effect. Dihydroxyacetone (10mm) stimulated the rate. 5. Dehydroascorbate (1mm), stimulated the rate of ferricyanide reduction; the stimulation did not appear to be attributable to the production of reduced substances that were excreted to reduce extracellular ferricyanide. 6. The effects of glucagon and cyclic AMP on the rate of ferricyanide reduction were examined. Glucagon inhibited the rate by approx. 30% and half-maximal inhibition occurred at 0.1 nm, corresponding to the concentration at which half-maximal stimulation of glucose release occurred. Cyclic AMP stimulated glucose release but had no significant effect on the rate of ferricyanide reduction. It is concluded that the trans plasma membrane redox system of liver that reduces extracellular ferricyanide is regulated by glucagon. The rate is also altered by the substrate dihydroxyacetone. The effect of glucagon may be direct as it cannot be mimicked by cyclic AMP and it occurs directly following exposure to the hormone. PMID- 7126170 TI - Failure of leucine to stimulate protein synthesis in vivo. AB - The effect of 100 mumol of leucine on protein synthesis in several tissues was assessed in the intact rat. Leucine had no immediate effect on protein synthesis in gastrocnemius muscle, heart, jejunal serosa, jejunal mucosa or liver in rats which were fed, starved for 2 days or deprived of dietary protein for 9 days. Leucine treatment for 1 h also failed to stimulate protein synthesis in tissues of 2-day-starved animals. PMID- 7126171 TI - Effect of inhibition of fatty acid oxidation on neonatal liver carnitine content. AB - The hypoglycaemic agent 2-tetradecylglycidic acid (compound McN-3802) caused an increase in total liver carnitine content, this being due primarily to an increase in the free carnitine pool. In the neonatal animal, this may represent a mechanism to overcome the inhibitory effect of fatty acid oxidation by the drug. PMID- 7126172 TI - Purification and properties of acetyl-CoA:L-glutamate N-acetyltransferase from human liver. AB - Acetyl-CoA:L-glutamate N-acetyltransferase (amino acid acetyltransferase, EC 2.3.1.1) was isolated from human liver mitochondria by precipitation with (NH4)2SO4 and chromatography on hydroxyapatite, DEAE-cellulose and Sephacryl 300. This gave a 360-fold purification. The molecular weight was estimated to be approx. 190 000. The kinetic properties in the absence of arginine are compatible with a rapid-equilibrium random Bi Bi mechanism. The estimated constants are: for the substrates Km,acetyl-CoA 4.4 mM, Ki,acetyl-CoA 4.7 mM, Km,glutamate 8.1 mM, Ki,glutamate 8.8 mM; for the products, Ki,acetylglutamate 0.28 mM, Ki,CoA 5.6 mM. The rate constant for the forward direction is 1.24s-1. If in vivo the constants are of the same order of magnitude as in vitro, the synthesis of N acetylglutamate, an obligate activator of the first step of urea synthesis, can be expected to occur in the mitochondrion under conditions where the amino acid acetyltransferase is not saturated by its substrates. The regulation of the first step of urea synthesis could thus depend mainly on the intramitochondrial substrate and perhaps product concentrations of amino acid acetyltransferase. PMID- 7126173 TI - Preparation of the cellulase from the cellulolytic anaerobic rumen bacterium Ruminococcus albus and its release from the bacterial cell wall. AB - 1. Most of the cellulase (CM-cellulase) elaborated by the rumen bacterium Ruminococcus albus strain SY3, which was isolated from a sheep, was cell-wall bound. 2. The enzyme could be released readily by washing either with phosphate buffer or with water. 3. The amount of enzyme released was affected by the pH and ionic strength of the phosphate buffer. 4. The cell-wall-bound enzyme was of very high molecular weight (>>1.5x10(6)) as judged by its chromatographic behaviour on Sephacryl S-300. 5. The molecular weight of the extracellular enzyme was variable and depended on the culture conditions. 6. When cellobiose was used as the energy source and the medium contained rumen fluid (30%), the extracellular enzyme was, in the main, of high molecular weight. 7. When cellulose replaced the cellobiose, the cell-free culture filtrate contained only low-molecular-weight enzyme (M(r) approx. 30000) in late-stationary-phase cultures (7 days). 8. Cultures that did not contain rumen fluid contained mainly low-molecular-weight enzyme. 9. Under some conditions the high-molecular-weight enzyme could be broken down to some extent into low-molecular-weight enzyme by treatment with dissociating agents. 10. Cell-free and cell-wall-bound enzymes showed the same relationship when the change in fluidity effected by them on a solution of CM-cellulose was plotted against the corresponding increase in reducing sugars, suggesting that the enzymes were the same. 11. It is possible that R. albus cellulase exists as an aggregate of low-molecular-weight cellulase components on the bacterial cell wall and in solution under certain conditions. PMID- 7126174 TI - Properties of N-maleoylmethionine sulphone, a novel impermeant maleimide, and its use in the selective labelling of the erythrocyte glucose-transport system. AB - 1. The synthesis of N-maleoylmethionine sulphone (MMS), a membrane-impermeant protein-labelling reagent, is described. Radioactively labelled MMS can be readily prepared at high specific radioactivity from [35S]methionine. 2. The permeability of the erythrocyte membrane to the reagent was assessed by determining the extent of inactivation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase after treatment of erythrocytes with MMS. Some inactivation of this enzyme was found when high concentrations (20mM) of the compound were used, but this could be prevented by pretreatment of the erythrocytes with 4,4'-di isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid, suggesting that MMS slowly enters the cells via the anion-transport system. 3. Treatment of erythrocytes with [35S]MMS resulted in the labelling of six major components. Labelling of erythrocyte membranes resulted in the intense labelling of many additional components. 4. MMS inhibited erythrocyte glucose transport. Cytochalasin b protected glucose transport against inactivation by MMS. Labelling experiments in erythrocytes in the presence and in the absence of cytochalasin b showed that the cytochalasin b-protected material was a broad band in the band-4.5 region. PMID- 7126175 TI - Localization of testis-variant histones in rat testis chromatin. AB - Nucleosome core particles and oligonucleosomes were isolated by digesting rat testis nuclei with micrococcal nuclease to 20% acid-solubility, followed by fractionation of the digest on a Bio-Gel A-5m column. The core particles thus isolated were characterized on the basis of their DNA length of 151 +/- 5 base pairs and sedimentation coefficient of 11.4S. Analysis of the acid-soluble proteins of the core particles indicated that histones TH2B and X2 are constituents of the core particles, in addition to the somatic histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4. The acid-soluble proteins of the oligonucleosomes comprised all the histones, including both the somatic (H1, H2A, H2B, H3, H4 and X2) and the testis specific ones (TH1 and TH2B). It was also observed that histones TH1 and H1 are absent from the core particles and were readily extracted from the chromatin by 0.6 M-NaCl, which indicated that both of them are bound to the linker DNA. PMID- 7126176 TI - Isolation and protein composition of gap junctions from rabbit hearts. AB - We have modified a method for isolating gap-junctional membrane from mouse hearts [Kensler & Goodenough (1980) J. Cell Biol. 86, 755-764] to isolate gap junctions of comparable purity from rabbit hearts more rapidly, with better yield, and without resort to non-ionic detergents. Purification was monitored by electron microscopy of thin-sectioned membrane pellets and by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Gap junctions were obtained as vesicles whose mean surface area approximated that of junctions in intact myocardial cells. About 10-20% of the vesicles were ferritin-impermeable. Approx. 125 micrograms of membrane protein was obtained per 8 g of rabbit heart. Sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of purified gap junctions showed five major protein bands of mol.wts. 46 000, 44 000, 33 000, 30 000 and 28 500 that co-purified with the junctions. This protein composition was nearly identical with that published for gap junctions of mouse hearts, and differed markedly from the protein composition of gap junctions from non-excitable cells (lens and liver). The constancy of junctional protein composition between hearts of two different species and its non-identity with that from liver and lens suggest that, although gap-junctional structure in mammalian tissues seems to be remarkably similar by electron-microscopic techniques, junctional-channel protein composition actually varies from tissue to tissue and may be adapted to the permeability requirements of the tissue. PMID- 7126177 TI - Glutathione S-transferases of the bovine retina. Evidence that glutathione peroxidase activity is the result of glutathione S-transferase. AB - We have purified two isoenzymes of glutathione S-transferase from bovine retina to apparent homogeneity through a combination of gel-filtration chromatography, affinity chromatography and isoelectric focusing. The more anionic (pI = 6.34) and less anionic (pI = 6.87) isoenzymes were comparable with respect to kinetic and structural parameters. The Km for both substrates, reduced glutathione and 1 chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, bilirubin inhibition of glutathione conjugation to 1 chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene inactivation of enzyme activity and molecular weight were similar. However, pH optimum and energy of activation were found to differ considerably. Retina was found to have no selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity. The total glutathione peroxidase activity fractionated with the transferases in the gel-filtration range of mol.wt. 49000 and expressed activity with only organic hydroperoxides as substrate. Only the more anionic isoenzyme expressed both transferase and peroxidase activity. PMID- 7126178 TI - Structure and biological activity of finback-whale (Balaenoptera physalus L.) heparin octasaccharide. Chemical, carbon-13 nuclear-magnetic-resonance, enzymic and biological studies. AB - Finback-whale (Balaenoptera physalus L.) heparin was partially digested with a purified heparinase and an octasaccharide with high affinity for antithrombin III was isolated from the digest by gel filtration, followed by affinity chromatography on a column of antithrombin III immobilized on Sepharose 4B. This octasaccharide possessed high inhibitory activity for Factor Xa in the presence of antithrombin III, but was essentially inactive for thrombin-antithrombin III reaction. The anticoagulant activity determined by the activated-partial thromboplastin-time method was very low (40-70 units/mg), although the initial whale heparin exhibited high activity (252 units/mg). On the basis of the results of chemical analyses, 13C n.m.r. spectrum and enzymic studies with purified heparinase, heparitinases 1 and 2, the predominant structure of the octasaccharide was proposed as follows: delta UA(2S) alpha 1 leads to 4GlcNS alpha 1 leads to 4IdUA alpha 1 leads to 4GlcNAc(6S) alpha 1 leads to 4GlcUA beta 1 leads to 4GlcNS(3S) alpha 1 leads to 4IdUA(2S) alpha 1 leads to 4GlcNS. Comparing this structure with those of the heparin octasaccharides so far reported, the presence of the critical structural elements for binding to antithrombin III was suggested in the pentasaccharide region situated at the reducing end of this octasaccharide. Binding to antithrombin III of the critical structural elements alone would appear to elicit the acceleration of the Factor Xa-antithrombin III reaction. Additional structural elements required for the acceleration of the thrombin-antithrombin III reaction and for the manifestation of high anticoagulant activity are discussed. PMID- 7126179 TI - Kinetics of leaf nitrite reductase with Methyl Viologen and ferredoxin under controlled redox conditions. AB - Some factors that influence the activity of nitrite reductase (EC 1.7.7.1) were investigated, the enzyme from Curcurbita pepo (vegetable marrow) being used. The activity with ferredoxin or Methyl Viologen as electron donor was inhibited by certain salts, including NaCl. The steady-state kinetic parameters measured in a commonly used open-tube (aerobic) system were compared with a closed-cell (anaerobic) system in which the redox potential, and thus the concentrations of oxidized and reduced donor, could be controlled. This showed that in the open tube system the apparent Km values determined were overestimated (by a factor of 10 for reduced Methyl Viologen), owing to incomplete mediator reduction and competitive inhibition by the oxidized form of the mediator. PMID- 7126180 TI - A study of the mechanism of quercetin oxygenation by 18O labelling. A comparison of the mechanism with that of haem degradation. AB - The mechanism of quercetin oxygenation, which is formally analogous to haem degradation, was studied by using 18O labelling. In both the enzymic oxygenation (catalysed by quercetinase) and the non-enzymic reaction (base-catalysed), both oxygen atoms incorporated into product were derived from a single oxygen molecule. Quercetin oxygenation therefore occurs by a classical dioxygenase mechanism and is not an appropriate model for study of the mechanism of haem catabolism. PMID- 7126181 TI - ADP-ribosylation of nuclear proteins in mouse testis. AB - The nuclear acceptor proteins for poly(ADP-ribose) were investigated in mouse liver and testis. In liver, histones are ribosylated preferentially, whereas in testis the major acceptors are non-histone proteins. An analysis of the purified testicular acceptor proteins suggests that they are high- and low-mobility-group like proteins. PMID- 7126182 TI - Structural comparison of the haemoglobin components of the armoured catfish Pterygoplichthys pardalis. Evolutionary considerations. AB - Amino acid analyses and peptide mapping were performed for the four main haemoglobins from the armoured catfish Pterygoplichthys pardalis; component I, which is functionally distinct from the others, is structurally unique, whereas components II, III and IV, functionally indistinguishable, are closely related in structure. Compositional difference indices are calculated for the four components and for the two major haemoglobins from the trout Salmo irideus, and the results are discussed in terms of structural relationships and evolutionary history of fish haemoglobins. PMID- 7126183 TI - Biochemical characterization of mouse vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein. Evidence for its presence in embryonic life. AB - We compared immunochemical and biochemical properties of the vitamin D-dependent Ca2+-binding protein (CaBP) from rat and mouse intestine. The two intestinal CaBP species were extensively purified by gel filtration and successive anion-exchange chromatographies. Both had a similar mol.wt. of 9000. Their pI values differed markedly, being 8.0 and 4.9 in rat and mouse CaBP respectively. Accordingly, mouse CaBP displayed more anodal migration in electrophoresis under non denaturing conditions. Both mouse and rat CaBP only exhibited partial immunochemical similarities, but their amino acid compositions were very similar. Chromatofocusing was also found to be a good method of detecting calcium dependent changes in their pI. We developed a sensitive radioimmunoassay for mouse CaBP enabling us to detect substantial amounts of CaBP in uterus, yolk sac and chorio-allantoic placenta. During normal mouse gestation, CaBP appeared on day 12 in the chorio-allantoic placenta but was already present on day 9 in the yolk sac, where its level rose sharply between days 9.5 and 10. CaBP may therefore be considered as a new marker for mouse yolk-sac differentiation. PMID- 7126184 TI - Purification and properties of hyaluronidase from human liver. Differences from and similarities to the testicular enzyme. AB - Human liver hyaluronidase was purified to homogeneity by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, chromatography on hydroxyapatite and DEAE-cellulose, and preparative disc polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. The enzyme had a pH optimum of 3.8-4.0, a molecular weight (determined by gel filtration) of 76000, and a Km of 0.05 mg/ml for purified human umbilical-cord hyaluronic acid. It generally resembled hyaluronidases studied in other tissues which are believed to be lysosomal, but shared a number of characteristics with a partially purified bovine testicular hyaluronidase. Neither enzyme exhibited inhibition by high concentrations of substrate, but both were competitively inhibited by dermatan sulphate and keratan sulphate. Both enzymes exhibited increased activity in the presence of albumin, probably owing to an increased susceptibility of substrate to enzyme action. The liver enzyme was inhibited by NaCl, but the testicular enzyme exhibited an increase in activity in the presence of the salt which was similar to the effect observed with albumin. The different response toward Cl- ion appeared to be the most significant difference between the two enzymes. PMID- 7126185 TI - The chymotrypsin-catalysed activation of bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase. AB - 1. Ox liver glutamate dehydrogenase is activated by bovine pancreatic alpha chymotrypsin, but the extent of activation is dependent on the age of the dehydrogenase preparation. 2. The degree of activation is constant and the pseudo first-order rate constant of activation is directly proportional to the concentration of proteinase used. 3. Commercial preparations of alpha chymotrypsin differ in their ability to produce a secondary inactivation phase, and this was shown to be due to low tryptic contamination. The 'superactive' form of glutamate dehydrogenase has an increased sensitivity to tryptic inactivation as compared with the native enzyme. 4. Analysis of the activation by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis revealed that the subunit molecular weight of 'superactive' glutamate dehydrogenase differs by less than 5% from that of the native subunit. PMID- 7126186 TI - Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase/activator in rat heart mitochondria, Assay, effect of starvation, and effect of protein-synthesis inhibitors of starvation. AB - Purified pig heart pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is denuded of its intrinsic pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase activity by sedimentation from dilute solution (60 munits/ml). Kinase activity is restored by a supernatant fraction prepared by high-speed centrifugation of rat heart mitochondrial extracts; the factor responsible is referred to as kinase/activator. Kinase/activator was also assayed by its ability to accelerate NgATP-induced inactivation in dilute solutions of unprocessed complex (50 munits/ml). With this assay it has been shown that the activity of kinase/activator in heart mitochondria is increased 3-6 fold by starvation of rats for 48 h. This increase was prevented completely by cycloheximide treatment and prevented partially by puromycin treatment of rats during starvation. The concentration of kinase/activator in heart mitochondria fell during 20 h of re-feeding of 48 h-starved rats; this fall was correlated with an increase in the proportion of complex in the active form. Kinase/activator was also extracted from ox kidney mitochondria, and on gel filtration (Sephadex G-100, superfine grade) was eluted close to the void volume. Kinase/activator (ox kidney or rat heart) was thermolabile, non-diffusable on dialysis, and inactivated by trypsin. The results of this study appear to show increased cytoplasmic synthesis in starvation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and/or of an activator of the kinase. PMID- 7126187 TI - Stimulation of amino acid transport into liver cells from rats adapted to a high protein diet. AB - After adaptation of rats to a 90%-casein diet, hepatic uptake of alanine is strikingly increased in vivo, with concomitant appearance of a concentration of favourable for uptake. With a high-protein diet, uptake of 2-aminoisobutyrate by isolated hepatocytes in the presence of various concentrations of substrates suggested induction of the A system (high-affinity system), whose emergence has been reported during starvation or after glucagon treatment. The other system (ASC, L) were characterized: induction processes only affected the A system. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP addition resulted in an increase in 2-aminoisobutyrate transport at low substrate concentration, the response being greater after adaptation to a high-protein diet. Evidence is presented suggesting that the increased uptake of amino acids by the liver of rats fed on high-protein diets is obtained by developing favourable gradients and enhancing transport capacities. These adaptations allow sufficient amounts of amino acids to enter the liver, where accelerated metabolism plays a decisive role. PMID- 7126188 TI - Uridylate trapping, induction of UTP deficiency, and stimulation of pyrimidine synthesis de novo by D-galactosone. AB - d-Galactosone (d-lyxo-2-hexosulose) is phosphorylated and metabolized to the uridine diphosphate derivative in AS-30D hepatoma cells and rat liver. These reactions were catalysed in vitro by galactokinase and hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase. Nucleotide analyses by high-performance liquid chromatography and enzymic assays revealed that this galactose analogue interferes with cellular pyrimidine nucleotide metabolism leading to a deficiency of UTP. [(14)C]Uridine labelling of hepatoma cells indicated a division of [(14)C]uridylate from UTP into UDP-galactosone; the latter was formed at a rate of more than 1.7mmolxh(-1)x(kg AS-30D or liver wet wt.)(-1). As a consequence of UTP deficiency, d-galactosone (1mmol/1 or 1mmol/kg body wt.) strongly enhanced the rate of pyrimidine synthesis de novo as evidenced by incorporation of (14)CO(2) into uridylate and by an expansion of the uridylate pool. This resulted in a doubling of the total acid-soluble uridylate pool within 70min in the hepatoma cells and within 110min in rat liver. Combined treatment of hepatoma cells with d-galactosone and N-(phosphonoacetyl)-l-aspartate, an inhibitor of aspartate carbamoyltransferase, prevented the expansion of the uridylate pool and led to a synergistic reduction of UTP to 10% of the content in control cells. Hepatic UTP deficiency was selective with respect to other nucleotide 5' triphosphates but was associated with reduced contents of UDP-glucose, UDP glucuronate, and UDP-N-acetylhexosamines. Isolation of the UDP derivative of d galactosone revealed an extremely alkali-labile UDP-sugar, probably an isomerization product of UDP-galactosone, that was degraded by elimination of UDP with a half-life of 45min at pH7.5 and 37 degrees C. The instability of UDP galactosone may contribute in vivo to limit the time period of severe uridine phosphate deficiency in addition to the compensatory role of pyrimidine synthesis de novo. During the initial time period, however, d-galactosone is effective as a powerful uridylate-trapping sugar analogue. PMID- 7126189 TI - Association of epididymal secretory proteins showing alpha-lactalbumin-like activity with the plasma membrane of rat spermatozoa. AB - Three hormonally regulated proteins with mol.wts of 18 500, 19 000 and 23 000 have been shown to associate with the plasma membrane of spermatozoa during maturation in the epididymis. All three proteins showed some alpha-lactalbumin like activity, suggesting that they may act in concert with epididymal glycosidases and glycosyltransferases to regulate the modification of sugars on membrane-bound glycoproteins. PMID- 7126190 TI - Effects of starvation on the maximal activities of some glycolytic and citric acid-cycle enzymes and glutaminase in mucosa of the small intestine of the rat. AB - Starvation decreases activities of some glycolytic and citric acid-cycle enzymes, and increases those of glucose 6-phosphatase and fructose bisphosphatase, whereas that of glutaminase is unchanged. These findings may be of significance for the control of glucose metabolism in the absorptive cells of the intestine. PMID- 7126191 TI - 23, 25, 26-trihydroxycholecalciferol. A 25-hydroxycholecalciferol-26,23-lactone precursor. AB - (23S)-23,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol was converted into at least five metabolites in kidney homogenates prepared from 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol-treated chickens. One of these has been positively identified as 23,25,26 trihydroxycholecalciferol by u.v.-absorbance analysis, mass spectrometry and chemical formation of derivatives. 23,25,26-Trihydroxycholecaciferol produces 25 hydroxycholecalciferol-26,23-lactone when incubated in chick kidney homogenates. PMID- 7126192 TI - Sensitivity of carnitine acyltransferase I to malonly-CoA inhibition in isolated rat liver mitochondria is quantitatively related to hepatic malonyl-CoA concentration in vivo. AB - The sensitivity of carnitine acyltransferase I (EC 2.3.1.21) activity to malonyl CoA inhibition in rat liver mitochondria isolated from animals in various physiological states was quantitatively proportional to the hepatic malonyl-CoA concentration in vivo. It is suggested that this relationship between the two parameters could result in a potent amplification mechanism for the reciprocal regulation of fatty acid synthesis and oxidation. PMID- 7126193 TI - Non-covalent interactions result in aggregation of surface antigens of the parasitic nematode Trichinella spiralis. AB - Surface antigens of three stages of the nematode worm Trichinella spiralis has been labelled with iodine and examined by sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis under reducing and non-reducing conditions. A variety of interactions were defined: the infective larva surface antigens formed a spectrum of aggregates from 50kDa to greater than 1000kDa from subunits of 47kDa and 90kDa; in the adult worms of 60kDa complex arose fron interaction between two dissimilar molecules of 40kDa and 20kDa; the new-born larvae components formed homologous dimers from a 58kDa molecule. Aggregating molecules were adherent to lentil lectin-Sepharose and are therefore glycoproteins. The interactions observed were completely abolished by boiling in SDS/mercaptoethanol, but only partially destroyed by boiling in SDS/iodoacetamide. Based upon this, the associations can be characterized as non covalent, but disulphide-bond-dependent. It is suggested, but not proved, that the aggregates arise from strong non-covalent hydrophobic interaction sites which are stabilized by intrachain disulphide bonds in the molecules concerned. PMID- 7126195 TI - Myo-inositol homeostasis in foetal rabbit lung. AB - In several species, lung maturation is accompanied by a decline in the phosphatidylinositol content of lung surfactant and a concomitant increase in its phosphatidylglycerol content. To examine the possibility that this developmental change is influenced by the availability of myo-inositol, potential sources of myo-inositol for the developing rabbit lung were investigated. On day 28 of gestation the myo-inositol content of foetal rabbit lung tissue (2.3+/-0.5mumol/g of tissue) was not significantly different from that of adult lung tissue but the activity of d-glucose 6-phosphate:1l-myo-inositol 1-phosphate cyclase (cyclase) in foetal lung tissue (81.0+/-9.0nmol.h(-1).g of tissue(-1)) was higher than that found in adult lung tissue (23.2+/-1.0nmol.h(-1).g of tissue(-1)). Day 28 foetal rabbit lung tissue was found also to take up myo-inositol by a specific, energy dependent, Na(+)-requiring mechanism. Half-maximal uptake of myo-inositol by foetal rabbit lung slices was observed when the concentration of myo-inositol in the incubation medium was 85mum. When the myo-inositol concentration was 1mm (but not 100mum) the addition of glucose (5.5mm) stimulated myo-inositol uptake. myo Inositol uptake was observed also in adult rabbit lung and was found to be sub maximal at the concentration of myo-inositol found in adult rabbit serum. The concentration of myo-inositol in the serum of pregnant adult rabbits (47.5+/ 5.5mum) was significantly lower than that of non-pregnant adult female rabbits (77.9+/-9.2mum). On day 28 of gestation the concentration of myo-inositol in foetal serum (175.1+/-12.0mum) was much less than on day 25, but more than that found on day 30. A transient post-partum increase in the concentration of myo inositol in serum was followed by a rapid decline. Much of the myo-inositol in foetal rabbit serum probably originates from the placenta, where on day 28 of gestation a high cyclase activity (527+/-64nmol.h(-1).g of tissue(-1)) was measured. The gestational decline in serum myo-inositol concentration, together with the decreasing cyclase activity of the lungs, is consistent with the view that maturation of the lungs is accompanied by decreased availability of myo inositol to this tissue. PMID- 7126194 TI - Metabolism of retinoic acid in vivo in the vitamin A-deficient rat. AB - Sample preparation and high-pressure liquid-chromatography separation methods useful for the study of retinoic acid metabolism are reported. The sample preparation procedure does not cause significant degradation of retinoic acid, and the gradient high-pressure liquid-chromatography separation method gives excellent separation of the major metabolites of retinoic acid. These methods were used to examine the metabolites of retinoic acid in blood, trachea and lung, testes, kidneys and small intestine of vitamin A-deficient rats dosed subcutaneously with 2 micrograms of [11,12-3H] retinoic acid. At 6h after dosing, a total of eight metabolites of retinoic acid produced in vivo were found in the tissues examined. Of these, four were found in most of the epithelial tissues examined, and therefore may be of interest as possible active metabolites in the epithelial functions of vitamin A. PMID- 7126196 TI - Effects of 2-mercaptoacetate in isolated liver mitochondria in vitro. Competitive inhibition of 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and depression of the beta oxidation pathway. AB - The effects of 2-mercaptoacetate on the respiration rates induced by different substrates were studied in vitro in isolated liver mitochondria. With palmitoyl-L carnitine or 2-oxoglutarate as the substrate, the ADP-stimulated respiration (State 3) was dose-dependently inhibited by 2-mercaptoacetate. with glutamate or succinate as the substrate. State-3 respiration was only slightly inhibited by 2 mercaptoacetate. In contrast, the oxidation rate of 3-hydroxybutyrate was competitively inhibited by 2-mercaptoacetate in both isolated mitochondria and submitochondrial particles. In uncoupled mitochondria and in mitochondria in which ATP- and GTP-dependent acyl-CoA biosynthesis was inhibited, the inhibitory effect of 2-mercaptoacetate on palmitoyl-L-carnitine oxidation was abolished; under the same conditions, however, inhibition of 3-hydroxybutyrate oxidation by 2-mercaptoacetate still persisted. These results led to the following conclusions: 2-mercaptoacetate itself enters the mitochondrial matrix, inhibits fatty acid oxidation through a mechanism requiring an energy-dependent activation of 2-mercaptoacetate and itself inhibits 3-hydroxybutyrate oxidation through a competitive inhibition of the membrane-bound 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. This study also strongly suggests that the compound responsible for the inhibition of fatty acid oxidation is 2-mercaptoacetyl-CoA. PMID- 7126197 TI - The activity of dopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase from rat brain stratum is modulated by temperature and the bilayer-fluidizing agent, benzyl alcohol. AB - Benzyl alcohol achieved a marked activation of the adenylate cyclase activity in a partially purified membrane preparation from rat brain striata, although inhibition resulted at high concentrations. The degree of activation observed depended on the ligand used to stimulate the enzyme, with that observed in the presence of guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate (p[NH]ppG) (5.8 fold)>dopamine+p[NH]ppG (5-fold)> GTP (3-fold)>dopamine+high GTP (2.25 fold)>dopamine (+low GTP)=basal (+low GTP) (1.7-fold). The differences in the concentration-dependence of both the activation and inhibition of dopamine stimulated and basal activities of the enzyme meant that increasing benzyl alcohol concentrations caused a net elevation in the fold-stimulation of the basal activity by dopamine. Arrhenius plots of p[NH]ppG-, GTP-, fluoride-, dopamine-plus-high GTP- and dopamine-plus-p[NH]ppG-stimulated activities all exhibited a single break occurring at around 22 degrees C. This break point was decreased to around 13 degrees C when 50mm-benzyl alcohol was added to the assays. In the presence of dopamine (+low GTP), Arrhenius plots exhibited two distinct breaks, one at around 21 degrees C and the other at around 11 degrees C. When benzyl alcohol (50mm) was added to these assays of dopamine (+low GTP) stimulated activity, a single break at around 14 degrees C was observed. For the basal activity the Arrhenius plot exhibited a single break at around 15 degrees C both in the presence and in the absence of 50mm-benzyl alcohol. It is suggested that the enzyme is activated by productive collisions between independent mobile entities and that the activity of the enzyme may be regulated by changes in membrane fluidity. The breaks in the Arrhenius plots of all of the ligand stimulated activities, but not the basal activity, are attributed to lipid-phase separations occurring in either the inner or the outer halves of the bilayer. PMID- 7126198 TI - Independent sites of low and high affinity for agonists on Torpedo californica acetylcholine receptor. PMID- 7126199 TI - The carboxyl-terminal tridecapeptide of platelet factor 4 is a potent chemotactic agent for monocytes. PMID- 7126200 TI - Apolipoprotein A-I isoprotein synthesis by the perfused rat liver. PMID- 7126202 TI - Purification of calcium-sensitive regulatory protein of platelets which inhibits the gelation of actin. PMID- 7126201 TI - Covalent binding of N-hydroxy-Trp-P-2 to DNA by cytosolic proline-dependent system. PMID- 7126203 TI - Difference in androgen-dependent change of non-histone proteins between dorsolateral and ventral prostates of rats. PMID- 7126204 TI - Effect of Ca2+ blocking agents on the metabolism of low density lipoproteins in human skin fibroblasts. PMID- 7126205 TI - Possible evolutionary steps in the genetic code. PMID- 7126206 TI - Vitamin K1 dependent carboxylase: beta-carboxylation of t butyloxycarbonylaspartic acid alpha-benzyl ester. PMID- 7126207 TI - Hydrodynamic properties of monomeric cytochromes P-450LM2 and P-450LM4 in n octylglucoside solution. PMID- 7126208 TI - Effects of chloramphenicol on plant cells: potential as a selectable marker for transformation studies. PMID- 7126209 TI - Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase is found closely associated with an stimulates DNA polymerase alpha-like activity from wheat embryos. PMID- 7126211 TI - Occurrence in high concentrations of N1-acetylspermidine and syn-homospermidine in the hamster epididymis. PMID- 7126212 TI - N-Alkanes in normal and pathological human scale. PMID- 7126210 TI - The nature and reactivity of the "essential" thiol in rabbit muscle creatine kinase III (EC 2.7.3.2). PMID- 7126213 TI - Infection of cells with Sindbis virus nucleocapsids entrapped into liposomes. PMID- 7126214 TI - Occurrence of a new polyamine, canavalmine, in the sword bean Canavalia gladiata. PMID- 7126215 TI - Organelle membrane-cell fusion: destruction of transplanted mitochondrial proteins in hepatocyte monolayers. PMID- 7126217 TI - Influence of 2,3,7,8-TCDD on the protein composition of the plasma membrane of hepatic cells from the rat. PMID- 7126216 TI - Rat adipocyte lipoprotein lipase activity is inhibited by theophylline and stimulated by inosine through adenosine-independent mechanisms. PMID- 7126218 TI - Effects of inadequate vitamin E and/or selenium nutrition on enzymes associated with xenobiotic metabolism. PMID- 7126219 TI - Developmental changes in bone mineral structure demonstrated by extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. PMID- 7126220 TI - Free fatty acids alter the electrophoretic mobility of serum lipoproteins. PMID- 7126221 TI - Deuterium magnetic resonance of human plasma lipoproteins. PMID- 7126223 TI - Galactose-specific lectin in the hemolymph of solitary ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi : isolation and characterization. PMID- 7126222 TI - Phospholipid interactions with a xylosyl-transferase from aortic wall. PMID- 7126224 TI - Amino acid hydroxamates as inhibitors of the human enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidase. PMID- 7126225 TI - Nuclease-sensitivity of methylated DNA as a probe for chromatin reconstitution by genotoxicants. PMID- 7126226 TI - Uncoupling in the gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase reaction by D- and L-carnitine. PMID- 7126227 TI - Nature of the constitutive and induced mammalian O6-methylguanine DNA repair enzyme. PMID- 7126228 TI - Biosynthesis of tylosin: oxidations of 5-O-mycaminosylprotylonolide at C-20 and C 23 with a cell-free extract from Streptomyces fradiae. PMID- 7126229 TI - The formation and resealing of intercalator-induced DNA strand breaks in isolated L1210 cell nuclei. PMID- 7126230 TI - Electric field mediated gene transfer. PMID- 7126231 TI - Lawsone (2-OH-1,4-naphthoquinone) derived form the henna plant increases the oxygen affinity of sickle cell blood. PMID- 7126232 TI - Suicidal inactivation of hepatic cytochrome P-450 in vitro by some aliphatic olefins. PMID- 7126233 TI - Existence of Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 with Met-enkephalin, Leu-enkephalin and Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 in the brain of guinea pig, rat and golden hamster. PMID- 7126235 TI - Chemical characterization of pigment gallstones using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. PMID- 7126234 TI - Ganglioside GM1 sensitizes tumor cells to growth inhibitory glycopeptides. PMID- 7126236 TI - Early exposure to naloxone increases blood pressure in normotensive and hypertensive rats. PMID- 7126237 TI - The denaturation of trypsin. PMID- 7126239 TI - The interaction of cephalosporin antibiotics with renal cortex of rats: accumulation to cortical slices and binding to purified plasma membranes. AB - The interaction of cephalosporin antibiotics with renal cortex of rats has been examined in vitro by means of cortical slice uptake and binding assay to plasma membranes and other subcellular fractions, including the comparative study with p aminohippurate. The uptakes of cephalexin and cephaloridine by cortical slices were concentrative, and were strongly inhibited in the presence of 2,4 dinitrophenol, ouabain, nitrogen gas and probenecid. In the case of cefazolin, the degree of concentrative uptake and influence of inhibitors were low. Cephalexin, cephaloridine and p-aminohippurate specifically bound to the basolateral membranes, compared to brush border membranes and other subcellular fractions. Cefazolin binding to basolateral membranes was relatively small. These results suggest that the specificity of cephalexin and cephaloridine bindings to the basolateral membranes could be related to the interaction with the organic acid transport system at the antiluminal side. Thus, an examination of cephalosporin interaction with plasma membranes from renal cortex could offer an appropriate in vitro model system to study the renal transport of these antibiotics. PMID- 7126238 TI - The stacking interaction in 9-(indole-3-propyl)-1-methyl adeninium iodide crystal, a model study on the interaction between tryptophan residue and adenine base in protein-nucleic acid interactions. PMID- 7126240 TI - Unequivocal synthesis and characterisation of dopamine 3- and 4-O-sulphates. AB - The major metabolic products of the endogeneous catecholamine dopamine are its 3- and 4-O-sulphates which have also been implicated as intermediates in noradrenaline biosynthesis. Because of the unsatisfactory status of the literature concerning the synthesis, isolation, purity and characterisation of the dopamine O-sulphates we describe both a one-step synthesis and definitive separation and characterisation procedures for these metabolites. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined with high-field nuclear magnetic resonance techniques were employed. The chemical sulphonation of dopamine gave three synthetic products, whose relative amounts depended critically upon the reaction conditions employed. Dopamine 3- and 4-O-sulphates together with dopamine 6-sulphonic acid, a hitherto undescribed derivative of dopamine, were for the first time isolated and characterised unequivocally. It should now prove possible to reappraise critically the biological significance of the major metabolite products of dopamine. PMID- 7126242 TI - Sidechain-modified histamine analogues as substrates for histamine N methyltransferase. PMID- 7126243 TI - Effects of pH on 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid transport in human erythrocytes. AB - We measured the effects of external pH on influx, efflux and net steady-state levels for 14CH3H4PteGlu1. Initial rates of uptake were inversely proportional to external pH. Lowering the pH of the suspending medium increased influx by enhancing the affinity of the carrier: the apparent Km values at pH 6, 7.2 and 8.1 were 0.14, 0.25 and 0.63 microM respectively. In contrast, Vmax was independent of external pH. Efflux rate constants at pH 6, 7.5 and 8.5 were 0.034, 0.059 and 0.067/min respectively. consequently, lowering the external pH increased steady-state levels of 14CH3H4PteGlu1. PMID- 7126241 TI - Degradation of isolated deoxyribonucleic acid mediated by nitroso chloramphenicol. Possible role in chloramphenicol-induced aplastic anemia. AB - Reduction of the nitro group of chloramphenicol (CAP) gives rise to more highly reactive intermediates which may in involved in the aplastic anemia associated with CAP use. One such intermediate, nitroso-chloramphenicol (NO-CAP), has been found to be a potent agent for mediating degradation of isolated DNA. In a reaction mixture containing 100 microM NO-CAP, 100 microM CuCl2, and 5 mM NADH, 7 micrograms of Escherichia coli [3H]DNA was completely degraded to acid-soluble fragments in 30 min. Damage to DNA was in the form of single-stranded scissions. The requirement for copper was specific, and copper chelating reagents blocked the degradation. The need for a reducing agent could be met equally well by NADH or NADPH, but not by sulfhydryl reagents such as glutathione, dithiothreitol and 2-mercaptoethanol. Oxygen was also necessary for the NO-CAP mediated DNA damage, with reduced forms of oxygen participating in the reaction. A role for H2O2 was indicated by the inhibition of the degradation seen when catalase was included in the mixture. Hydroxyl radicals are known to be produced in the reaction of H2O2 with certain transition metals. Scavangers of hydroxyl radicals also inhibited strand-scission, suggesting that the radicals may be the primary agents in DNA degradation. The importance of the nitroso moiety of NO-CAP was evidenced by the lack of DNA damage seen when NO-CAP was replaced by CAP under the conditions tested. PMID- 7126244 TI - Distribution of pepstatin and statine following oral and intravenous administration in rats. Tissue localisation by whole body autoradiography. AB - The distribution in rats of two radiolabelled derivatives of the potent pepsin inhibitor, pepstatin A, has been monitored by whole-body autoradiography. There was a very poor absorption of pepstatinyl-[14C]glycine and N-[3H]acetylstatine across the gastric and intestinal mucosae after oral administration. Both inhibitors were rapidly cleared from the blood by the liver and kidneys after intravenous administration. Neither inhibitor was localised in the gastric mucosa at a concentration that could be expected to be effective in inhibiting intracellular pepsin activity. PMID- 7126245 TI - A new specific inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A. AB - A new propynylamine has been tested as an inhibitor of MAO. Loosely based upon the structure of clorgyline, it is an irreversible inhibitor of MAO A but is apparently indifferent towards MAO B. This compound, N1-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-N2 prop-2-ynyl 1,3-diaminopropane, may be useful as a model for the design of more potent but equally specific inhibitors of MAO A. PMID- 7126246 TI - Serotonin-sensitive aryl acylamidase activity of platelet acetylcholinesterase. AB - Serotonin-sensitive aryl acylamidase (AAA, EC 3.5.1.13) was purified to apparent homogeneity from sheep platelets by affinity chromatography and it was shown to be associated with the platelet acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7). The basis for the association of the two enzymes was the following. Both enzyme activities co-eluted from the affinity columns with constant ratios of specific activities and percentage recoveries. Both enzymes co-migrated on gel electrophoresis. Both enzymes co-eluted during sepharose 6B gel filtration. Potent inhibitors of AChE such as bis(4-allyldimethyl ammoniumphenyl) pentan-3 one dibromide (BW 284C51), neostigmine and eserine also inhibited AAA potently. Both enzymes lost significant activity on treatment with deoxycholate or taurodeoxycholate and the loss could be partly restored by a mixture of phospholipids. The platelet AAA was specifically inhibited by serotonin and to a lesser extent by tryptamine but not by several other amines. It was also inhibited by acetylcholine and several of its analogues and homologues. It is suggested that in the platelets the two enzymes (AAA and AChE) are probably identical. PMID- 7126247 TI - Inhibition of glycolysis of mammalian cells by misonidazole and other radiosensitizing drugs. prevention by thiols. AB - Prolonged anaerobic incubation of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells and Chinese hamster V79-379A cells with misonidazole, desmethylmisonidazole, or niridazole led to inhibition of both glucose consumption and lactate formation. This effect was measured in cells washed free of the nitro compounds and resuspended in fresh buffer or medium. The degree of inhibition of glucose utilization was related to drug concentration, and to the rate of metabolic reduction, as measured under aerobic conditions by KCN-insensitive oxygen consumption. Misonidazole-induced inhibition of glycolysis developed concurrently with depletion of intracellular non-protein thiol (NPSH) and was protected against by the presence of cysteamine, cysteine and, to some extent, GSH in the cell incubate. These findings suggest diethyl maleate was used to deplete 90% of the endogenous NPSH, but this depletion did not alter the effects of misonidazole on glycolysis. PMID- 7126248 TI - Inhibition of lymphocyte DNA-synthetic responses by spermine-derived polycations. AB - The polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine are oxidized by the enzyme diamine oxidase to form the corresponding aldehyde derivatives. These aldehydes have been shown to undergo a variety of spontaneous reactions, some of which result in polycationic addition compounds. We have chemically synthesized some spermine-derived polycations by reaction with the dialdehyde glutaraldehyde followed by reduction of te resulting Schiff base with sodium borohydride. Their migration on ion exchange and gel filtration columns was consistent with the formation of polycations with properties similar to those reported for the spontaneous reaction products. When added to cultures of alloantigen or mitogen stimulated lymphocytes, these polycations were potent inhibitors of the incorporation of tritiated thymidine and blast cell formation. This inhibition was reversible, non-cytotoxic, and only apparent if the polycation was added early in the culture period. The concentration of polycation necessary to achieve 50% inhibition of the lymphocyte response decreased as the cationic nature relative to spermine increased. PMID- 7126249 TI - Effect of alpha-fluoromethylhistidine, a suicide inhibitor of histidine decarboxylase, on histamine levels in mouse tissues. PMID- 7126250 TI - Differential regulation of male rat liver glutathione S-transferases. Effects of orchidectomy and hormone replacement. PMID- 7126251 TI - Effect of amezinium on the release and catabolism of 3H-monoamines in brain slices. PMID- 7126252 TI - The swift increase in alcohol metabolism. Inhibition by propylthiouracil. AB - Administration of a single large dose of ethanol (5 g/kg) to rats elevates the rates of ethanol metabolism and of oxygen consumption in perfused livers in 2-3 hr. Pretreatment with the antithyroid drug propylthiouracil (PTU) for 10 days abolished both of these effects. Under all treatment conditions studied (controls; PTU-pretreatment; acute ethanol treatment; PTU-pretreated + acute ethanol treatment),, a significant correlation between ethanol metabolism and oxygen consumption was observed (r = 0.86). It is concluded that a normal thyroidal state is required to evoKe the swift increase in alcohol metabolism (SIAM) and an elevation of oxygen consumption. PMID- 7126254 TI - The role of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase in the hypobetalipoproteinaemic activity of SKF-525A in rats. AB - Administration of SKF-525A to rats fed on a stock diet specifically decreased the serum concentration of low-density lipoprotein. SKF-525A and cholestryamine also reversed the rise in circulating concentration of both very-low density and low density lipoprotein that was observed in rats given a sucrose-based, cholesterol supplemented diet. The enhancement of hepatic cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase by SKF-525A or by cholestyramine is accompanied by homeostatic responses by the liver which include induction of low-density lipoprotein clearance and increased cholesterogenesis to attempt to replenish sterol pools. These compensatory mechanisms are separately controlled. PMID- 7126253 TI - Primaquine-mediated oxidative metabolism in the human red cell. Lack of dependence on oxyhemoglobin, H2O2 formation, or glutathione turnover. AB - Stimulation of the hexose monophosphate shunt by primaquine results from the oxidation of NADPH by primaquine. This conclusion was based on the observations that primaquine lowered cellular NADPH but not GSH and that, in red cells in which the GSH was unavailable for reaction, primaquine still stimulated the rate of the hexose monophosphate shunt. In a non-cellular system, primaquine interacted with NADPH, but not GSH, to produce H2O2. Stimulation of the hexose monophosphate shunt by primaquine does not primarily involve H2O2 accumulation since stimulation of the pathway by primaquine was also observed in red cells containing methemoglobin, a red cell preparation in which no H2O2 accumulates. Methemoglobin prevented the formation and/or accumulation of H2O2 in intact red cells incubated with primaquine as well as in a non-cellular system containing primaquine plus Fe2+-EDTA as an H2O2 source. Methemoglobin probably acts by scavenging reactive intermediates since oxyhemoglobin was formed from methemoglobin in the non-cellular experiments. In the red cell, primaquine stimulated glucose-dependent conversion of methemoglobin to oxyhemoglobin. PMID- 7126255 TI - Sex differences in the conjugation of tiaramide by the CR/CD and JCL-SD strains of albino rat. PMID- 7126256 TI - Effects of ethanol on fatty acid composition of muscle phospholipids of rats fed nutritionally complete liquid diets. PMID- 7126257 TI - Differential effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on nuclear RNA polymerase activity in the rat liver and thymus. AB - AN increase in RNA polymerase B activity in hepatic cell nuclei was observed after a single intravenous injection 1 microgram/rat of TCDD. The enzyme activity was about above the control value at 1 hr after injection and then declined rapidly. A secondary increase was evident at 24 hr. Prior to the secondary increase in RNA polymerase B activity, there was an increase in RNA polymerase A activity which was about 125% above the control value. The initial increase in RNA polymerase B activity was sensitive to both alpha-amanitin and actinomycin D injected min before TCDD administration. In the thymus, an increase in RNA polymerase B activity was observed 4 hr after injection (25% above control value) but thereafter it declined and at 24 hr it was about 30% below the control value. RNA polymerase A activity was inhibited as early as 1 hr after injection but had returned to the control value at 4 hr and then paralleled RNA polymerase B activity. Thus, TCDD stimulated RNA synthesis in the rat liver but the drug inhibited RNA synthesis in the rat thymus. Since these effects were detected as early as 1 hr after TCDD administration it is proposed that TCDD action requires transcriptional response and that this response may represent a primary site of TCDD action in the cell. The cellular entities or mechanisms which TCDD uses to alter transcription in the cell nucleus remain to be determined. PMID- 7126258 TI - Evidence for carrier-mediated efflux of dopamine from corpus striatum. PMID- 7126259 TI - Enzymes of salvage and de novo pathways of synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides in human colorectal adenocarcinomas. AB - The activity of uridine-cytidine kinase (Urd-Cyd kinase). a key enzyme in the salvage of pyrimidine nucleosides, averaged 0.86 +/- 0.16 (S.E.M.) nmole uridine phosphates . min-1 . (mg protein)-1 in fifty-three specimens of human colorectal adenocarcinomas. The activity of fluorouracil phosphoribosyltransferase (FUPRTase) in thirty-five carcinoma specimens averaged only 0.19 +/- 0.07 nmole fluorouridine phosphates . min-1 . (mg protein)-1. The activity of the last enzyme in the de novo pathway of biosynthesis of UMP, i.e. orotidine 5' monophosphate (OMP) decarboxylase, averaged 0.21 +/- 0.04 nmole CO2 . min-1 . (mg protein)-1. The activity of Urd-Cyd kinase was increased approximately 2.3-fold, and that of OMP decarboxylase by about 91%, while that of FUPRTase was increased by only 27%, as compared to that of normal human colonic mucosa. Of the colorectal carcinomas studied, 72% were moderately differentiated, 21% poorly differentiated, and 7% well differentiated. The mean diameter of the fifty-three carcinomas was 5.5 cm, and pathologic staging led to classification of 15% as Dukes' A, 36% as Dukes' B, 47% as Dukes' C, and 2% as carcinoma in situ. No correlations between the level of the enzyme activities studied and any pathologic characteristics of the carcinomas could be discerned. PMID- 7126260 TI - On the binding of a 3-alpha-methylated digitoxigenin-glucoside to ouabain receptors in heart muscle homogenate. AB - 3-alpha-Methyl substituted digitoxigenin-3-beta-glucoside (methyl-dtg-gluc) displays unusual features, e.g. a high dissociation rate constant from its binding site leading to rapid reversibility of the inotropic and toxic effects, and a flat dose-response curve attaining higher inotropic maxima thus indicating an increased therapeutic index in animal experiments. In order to check whether or not methyl-dtg-gluc is specifically bound to the same receptors as classic cardiac glycosides we compared binding of ouabain and of methyl-dtg-gluc to guinea-pig heart muscle homogenate. For both compounds specific binding required the addition of ATP (2.5 mM). The binding curve for ouabain yielded half maximum binding at 1.3 x 10(-7) M and maximum number of binding sites of 6 pmole/mg protein; the corresponding values for methyl-dtg-gluc amounted to 1.4 x 10(-6) M and 6 pmole/mg protein, respectively. A mutual competition could be demonstrated between the two compounds. Since the provided data are equilibrium values they do not exclude higher turnover rates of methyl-dtg-gluc in comparison with ouabain at a given glycoside-ATPase complex concentration which can be expected from the fast dissociation rate constant of the methyl-dtg-gluc-ATPase complex. The results are briefly discussed with respect to the molecular mole of action of cardiac glycosides. PMID- 7126261 TI - Further studies on the role of calcium in the depolarization-induced activation of tryptophan hydroxylase. Effect of verapamil, Tetracaine, haloperidol and fluphenazine. PMID- 7126262 TI - Inhibition of initiation of translation in L1210 cells by 8-azaguanine. AB - The inhibition of protein synthesis by 8-azaguanine (azaG) in L1210 cells in culture was investigated. AzaG selectively inhibited protein synthesis at concentrations where viability was decreased significantly. AzaG altered the polyribosome sedimentation profile, increasing the numbers of monosomes and smaller polysomes and decreasing the number of larger polysomes. The reversal by cycloheximide of the alterations in the polysome profile suggested that azaG inhibited the initiation of translation. This was confirmed by the demonstration of inhibition of the formation of the 43S and 80S initiation complexes. PMID- 7126263 TI - Identification and measurement of 6-hydroxy-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta carboline by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. AB - A glass capillary gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method for the analysis of 6-hydroxy-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline in urine, plasma and blood platelets was developed. The method involves the use of a deuterated analogue as internal standard, addition of semicarbazide, extraction with methylene chloride and formation of pentafluoropropionyl derivatives. The 6 hydroxy-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline was found to occur in the urine of controls and alcoholics as both the free and conjugated compound. In the controls the mean level of free and conjugated 60MTHBC was 75 +/- 20 nmole/l. When intoxicated, the alcoholics had a statistically higher excretion rate of the conjugate(s) than the controls. The compound was not detectable in blood platelets or plasma. PMID- 7126264 TI - Induction of liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 and associated monooxygenases by octachlorostyrene in inbred strains of mice. Lack of correlation with the murine Ah locus. AB - Single intraperitoneal injections of octachlorostyrene (OCS) and hexachlorobenzene in genetically polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon "responsive' C57/BL/6 (B6) mice led to a time- and dose-dependent increase in the levels of liver microsomal cytochromes P-450 and b5 as well as in the activities of NADPH cytochrome P-450 (cytochrome c) reductase, ethylmorphine (EM) N-demethylase, 4 nitroanisole (PNA) O-demethylase and acetanilide 4-hydroxylase (AcA hydroxylase). No, or only a very moderate, increase in the activity of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase was seen after OCS and HCB, respectively. Pretreatments with phenobarbital (PB) or 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) both increased AcA hydroxylase activity to a similar degree, whereas pretreatment with polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclor 1254) had an effect equal to the sum of PB and MC. Judged from sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis studies, OCS and HCB predominantly increased a microsomal polypeptide of apparent mol. wt 52,000, similar to PB. A reduced response was seen after OCS or HCB treatment of aromatic hydrocarbon "non-responsive' DBA/2 (D2) mice compared to B6 mice, both with respect to AcA hydroxylase as well as EM demethylase and PNA demethylase activities. OCS treatment of B6D2F1 mice resulted in a doubling of AcA hydroxylase activity, but in mice of the (B6D2)D2 backcross no distinct subgrouping of individual AcA hydroxylase activities were apparent. These results demonstrate that OCS is an inducer of the PB-type in mice and that induction of AcA hydroxylase by OCS is not regulated by the Ah locus. PMID- 7126265 TI - The effects of acute renal failure on the pharmacokinetics of indocyanine green in the rat. PMID- 7126266 TI - The influence of phenobarbital pretreatment on the subcellular distribution in liver and transport rate in isolated hepatocytes of dibromosulfophthalein. PMID- 7126267 TI - Prediction of intestinal first-pass effect of phenacetin in the rat from enzyme kinetic data--correlation with in vivo data using mucosal blood flow. PMID- 7126268 TI - High affinity binding of phencyclidine (PCP) to crayfish muscle. Displacement by calcium antagonists. PMID- 7126269 TI - Mechanism of resistance to the oncolytic C-nucleoside 2-beta-D ribofuranosylthiazole-4-carboxamide (NSC-286193). PMID- 7126270 TI - Accelerated development of spontaneous and benzopyrene-induced skin cancer in mice exposed to 2450-MHz microwave radiation. PMID- 7126272 TI - Investigation of the effects of continuous-wave, pulse- and amplitude-modulated microwaves on single excitable cells of Chara corallina. AB - Single internodal excitable cells of Chara corallina were exposed to CW, pulse modulated and sinusoidally modulated S-band microwave fields in a temperature controlled waveguide exposure chamber. All electrical measurements were made external to the waveguide (ie, under no impressed microwave field). The dependent variables measured before, during, and after exposure to the S-band microwave fields included: resting potential, amplitude of the action potential, rise and decay time of the action potential, conduction velocity, and excitability. Cells maintained at 22 +/- 0.1 degrees C during exposure showed no consistent or statistically significant microwave-dependent alterations in any of the dependent variables. PMID- 7126271 TI - Effects of electromagnetic radiation in the range 20-300 MHz on the vacuolar potential of characean cells. AB - A giant cell (circa 10 mm long) of Chara braunii or Nitella flexilis was placed in a microstrip exposure apparatus, and the vacuolar potential at one end was monitored with a micropipette while the other end was exposed to pulses of VHF radiation at electric field strengths up to 6250 V/m. With suitable filtering and signal averaging, offsets of the vacuolar potential could be detected in real time and at levels as low as 1 microV. The only effect that has been reproducibly observed in the carrier frequency range 20-300 MHz was the slow ramp-like hyperpolarization previously reported [Pickard and Barsoum, 1981] and tentatively attributed to electromagnetic heating of the system. The slopes of these ramps became more pronounced with increasing frequency and behaved in accordance with theoretical predictions. PMID- 7126273 TI - Effect of high-voltage pulses on the viability of human leucocytes in vitro. PMID- 7126274 TI - Influence of 2.45-GHz CW microwave radiation on spontaneously beating rat atria. AB - The chronotropic and inotropic effects of 2.45-GHz continuous wave (CW) microwave radiation were investigated in the isolated spontaneously beating rat atria. Isolated atria were placed in specially designed tubes inserted into a waveguide exposure system. The atria were then irradiated for a period of 30 min, followed by a 30-min recovery period. The control atria were prepared simultaneously and sham exposed. Experiments were conducted at two temperatures, 22 and 37 degrees C, and two specific absorption rates, 2 mW/g and 10 mW/g. At both temperatures the rate of atrial contraction was not altered by a 30-min exposure at either 2 or 10 mW/g. The average rate (beats per min) was approximately 100 for both the control and exposed atria at 22 degrees C and 215 beats per min for both the control and exposed atria at 37 degrees C. In addition, no inotropic effects on the spontaneously beating atria were noted at any exposure level. These data suggest that 2.45-GHz CW microwave radiation at these intensities has no overt effect on these variables in isolated rat atria. PMID- 7126275 TI - Comparative effects of pulsed and continuous-wave 2.8-GHz microwaves on temporally defined behavior. AB - The effects of pulsed-(PW) and continuous-wave (CW) 2.8-GHz microwaves were compared on the performance of rodents maintained by a temporally defined schedule of positive reinforcement. The schedule involved food-pellet reinforcement of behavior according to a differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate (DRL) contingency. The rats were independently exposed to PW and to CW fields at power densities ranging from 1 to 15 mW/cm2. Alterations of normal performance were more pronounced after a 30-minute exposure to the PW field than to the CW field. The rate of emission of appropriately timed responses declined after exposure to PW at 10 and 15 mW/cm2, whereas exposure at the same power levels to the CW field did not consistently affect the rate of responding. Change in performance associated with microwave exposure was not necessarily related to a general decline in responding; in some instances, increases in overall rates of responding were observed. PMID- 7126277 TI - Near-field absorption in a circular cylinder from electric and magnetic line sources. AB - A homogeneous, lossy circular cylinder is used as a simple model of a biological object in which interior heating is produced by the absorption of electromagnetic waves. For this model, we determined the optimum frequency, polarization, orientation and shape of applicators. Analytical and numerical results are given for both electric and magnetic line sources, with three different polarizations relative to the cylinder. Coupling efficiencies and contour plots are presented for a range of parameters. One particularly interesting result is the production of maximum energy deposition at the center of a cylinder of muscle tissue when exposed in the 100-MHz frequency range by the use of four applicators surrounding the cylinder. PMID- 7126276 TI - Temperature dependence of ultrasound-induced cell killing: the role of membrane fluidity. AB - Chinese hamster cells in suspension were exposed to 20 kHz ultrasound (US) at 54 W/cm2 and various temperatures between 2 and 44 degrees C. Activation energies were 2.6 and 24 kcal/mole below and above 35 degrees C, respectively. Procaine, a local anaesthetic drug known to increase membrane fluidity, enhanced cellular inactivation by US above 41 degrees C, increasing the activation energy to 62 kcal/mole. The inactivation of the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium by US was also dependent on the exposure temperature, with an activation energy of 2.9 kcal/mole between 2 and 44 degrees C. These data are most simply explained by the hypothesis that membranes are a major target for cellular inactivation by US and that the fluidity of the membranes is important in this respect. PMID- 7126278 TI - Lack of effect of 2.45-GHz microwave radiation on the development of preimplantation embryos of mice. AB - The development of preimplantation embryos after exposure to microwave radiation was studied. Female CD-1 mice were induced to superovulate, mated, and exposed to 2.45-GHz microwave or sham radiation for 3 h at power densities of 9 mW/cm2 and 19 mW/cm2 on either day 2 or 3 of pregnancy (plug day was considered day 1). Another group of mice was exposed to heat stress by placing the dams in an environmental room at an ambient temperature of 38 degrees C and relative humidity at 62% for 3 h on day 2 of pregnancy. All groups were euthanized on day 4 of pregnancy and embryos were recovered by flushing excised uterine horns. Embryos were examined for abnormalities and classified by the developmental stages. They were then treated with hypotonic solution and dissociated for counting blastomeres. Heat stress caused stunted development of embryos, but no remarkable effect of microwave radiation could be found on the development of preimplantation embryos. PMID- 7126279 TI - Reduced weight in mice offspring after in utero exposure to 2450-MHz (CW) microwaves. AB - Time-bred CD-1 mice (100) were sham-irradiated or irradiated with 2450-MHz (CW) microwaves at 28 mW/cm2 for 100 minutes daily from the 6th through 17th day of gestation. The offspring were examined either as fetuses after hysterotomy on the 18th day of gestation or as naturally born neonates on the 1st and 7th day of age. Fetuses of half of the dams were examined on the 18th day of gestation. The incidence of pregnancy and the numbers of live, dead, resorbed, and total fetuses were similar in both groups. The mean weight was significantly lower (10%) in live microwave-irradiated fetuses, and ossification of sternal centers was significantly delayed. In the offspring that were born naturally, the mean weight of microwave-irradiated 7-day-old suckling mice was significantly lower (10%) than that of the sham-irradiated group. Survival rates of neonates in these two groups were not different. These data demonstrate that the decreased fetal weight seen in microwave-irradiated mice is retained at least 7 days after birth. Evidence from other published studies is presented to show that the retarded growth is persistent and might be interpreted as permanent stunting. PMID- 7126281 TI - Fluorescence depolarization studies of the phase transition in multilamellar phospholipid vesicles exposed to 1.0-GHz microwave radiation. AB - The phase transition in multilamellar dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) vesicles was studied during exposure to continuous wave 1.0-GHz microwave radiation. Fluorescence depolarization measurements using a lipid-seeking molecular probe, diphenylhexatriene (DPH), were performed as a function of temperature. Semilog plots of microviscosity versus temperature illustrate the phase transition which shows a 5 degree C shift when the vesicles are treated with chloroform as a positive control. No shift of the phase transition was found during exposure to microwave radiation at specific absorption rates between 1 and 30 W/kg. Samples were exposed in a rectangular transmission line (TEM cell), and specific absorption rates were calculated from electrical measurements of incident, reflected, and transmitted power. Samples were exposed to increasing intensities of radiation, while the temperature was maintained at either 23.5 or 25.5 degree C; these temperatures represented the two ends of the phase transition region for these vesicles. No statistically significant difference was found between exposed and control samples. These results are in contrast to those of others using laser Raman spectroscopy to measure the phase transition in similar multilamellar vesicles exposed to microwave radiation. PMID- 7126280 TI - Low frequency amplitude modulated microwave fields change calcium efflux rates from synaptosomes. AB - Calcium (45Ca2+) efflux from preloaded synaptosomes was studied with a continuous perfusion technique and the rate constants of a two-phase efflux process calculated. When 16-Hz sinusoidally amplitude modulated 450-MHz microwave field (maximal incident intensity 0.5 mW/cm2, modulation depth 75%) was applied during the second phase, the rate constant increased by 38%. Unmodulated or 60-Hz modulated signals were not effective. This microwave field-induced change can be distinguished from CaCl2-stimulated 45Ca2+ efflux which is most probably derived intracellularly. These data suggest that the microwave-field induced change in calcium efflux probably did not involve intracellular calcium. Also, this change in the dynamic property of synaptosomes did not require gross anatomically intact tissue as a substrate for field-tissue interaction. PMID- 7126282 TI - Postresonance electromagnetic absorption by man and animals. AB - A surface integral equation (SIE) method is used to calculate the specific absorption rate (SAR) in spherically capped cylindrical models irradiated by an axially incident electromagnetic plane wave (K polarization) in a frequency range for which calculations previously have not been available (80-400 MHz for man models). In the SIE method, the electromagnetic (EM) field relations are formulated in terms of electric and magnetic currents on the surface of the model. The average SAR is calculated from the far scattered EM fields by means of the forward scattering theorem. SAR data calculated by the SIE method agree with data calculated by the extended boundary condition method (EBCM) for frequencies up to 80 MHz (the upper frequency limit of the EBCM) for man models. For rat models exposed to 1-3 GHz radiation, reasonable agreement was also obtained with the limited experimental data available. PMID- 7126283 TI - Possible effects of 10(11) Hz radiation on the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin. AB - When oxygen binds to one of the subunits of hemoglobin, the oxygen affinity of the other subunits is enhanced. This cooperative interaction of the subunits is initiated by the movement of the heme plane toward the proximal side when oxygen binds to the heme. This motion is transmitted to the surface of the globin through a "reaction channel" consisting of a group of atoms whose motion is well correlated. Considering the detailed geometry and X-ray diffraction data of the mean square displacement of the atoms surrounding the heme, a simple model for the heme plane oscillations is developed. Using this model, the natural frequency of oscillations is shown to be approximately 5 X 10(11) Hz. This result, along with the recent experimental data on the kinetics of the conformational changes of the heme, points to the possibility of radiation influencing the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin. If such an effect exists, it is likely that the oxygen affinity will be enhanced by the radiation. PMID- 7126284 TI - Local tumor hyperthermia using a computer-controlled microwave system. AB - A minicomputer-based system was designed to control the microwave (2.45-GHz) power to four local hyperthermia applicators. Errors in temperature measurement, due to electromagnetic field interactions with small thermocouple probes, are minimized by sampling the temperature only when the microwave power is off. The programmable controller can regulate the temperature in tumors in 0.1 degree C increments from 30 to 60 degrees C. This technique reduces temperature differences throughout the tumor at steady state to less than 0.4 degrees C and prevents skin burns. PMID- 7126285 TI - Measurement of blood-brain barrier permeation in rats during exposure to 2450-MHz microwaves. AB - Adult rats anesthesized with pentobarbital and injected intravenously with a mixture of [14C] sucrose and [3H] insulin were exposed for 30 min to an environment at an ambient temperature of 22, 30, or 40 degrees C, or were exposed at 22 degrees C to 2450-MHz CW microwave radiation at power densities of 0, 10, 20, or 30 mW/cm2. Following exposure, the brain was perfused and sectioned into eight regions, and the radioactivity in each region was counted. The data were analyzed by two methods. First, the data for each of the eight regions and for each of the two radioactive tracers were analyzed by regression analysis for a total of 16 analyses and Bonferroni's Inequality was applied to prevent false positive results from numerous analyses. By this conservative test, no statistically significant increase in permeation was found for either tracer in any brain region of rats exposed to microwaves. Second, a profile analysis was used for a general change in tracer uptake across all brain regions. Using this statistical method, a significant increase in permeation was found for sucrose but not for inulin. A correction factor was then derived from the warm-air experiments to correct for the increase in permeation of the brain associated with change in body temperature. This correction factor was applied to the data for the irradiated animals. After correcting the data for thermal effects of the microwave radiation, no significant increase in permeation was found. PMID- 7126286 TI - Electromagnetic dosimetry in a sitting rhesus model at 225 MHz. AB - Dosimetric measurements in a 9.5-kg tissue-equivalent rhesus model were conducted at 225 MHz using a nonperturbing temperature probe and a gradient-layer calorimeter. Temperature probe measurements showed deep penetration of electromagnetic energy, and calorimeter experiments showed an average SAR (0.285 W/kg per mW/cm2) that was nearly three times greater than that observed for the same model at 1.29 GHz. PMID- 7126287 TI - Effects of 60 Hz-electric fields on specific humoral and cellular components of the immune system. AB - We evaluated humoral and cellular functions of the immune system of Swiss-Webster mice exposed to 60-Hz electric fields at 100 kV/m. No significant differences were observed in primary antibody response to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (precipitating antibody levels) between exposed (30 to 60 days) and control mice, nor were there significant changes in mitogen-stimulation response of spleen cells from mice similarly exposed for 90 or 150 days when compared to sham exposed animals. PMID- 7126288 TI - A syndrome of seronegative enthesopathy and arthropathy in children. AB - Thirty-nine children with a syndrome of seronegative enthesopathy and arthropathy were evaluated. The group included 25 patients with no apparent underlying primary disease and 13 with either ankylosing spondylitis, inflammatory bowel disease, reactive arthritis, or Reiter's syndrome. Significant distinguishing characteristics of the group included male predominance, late age at onset, positive family histories of arthritis, oligoarthropathy, axial skeleton involvement, and the presence of the B27 histocompatibility antigen. This syndrome is distinguishable from other childhood rheumatic disorders, including juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Its recognition may reliably identify children with the prodromal manifestations of seronegative spondylarthropathies. PMID- 7126289 TI - The arthritis impact measurement scales. Further investigations of a health status measure. AB - The Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales (AIMS) have been developed to assess the health status of arthritis patients. In this study, the self-administered AIMS questionnaire, which includes scales designed to measure the physical, psychologic, and social aspects of health status, was completed by 625 patients with various forms of arthritis. A comprehensive battery of analytic techniques was used to investigate the performance of these scales in this large sample. The results confirmed the reliability and validity of the AIMS instrument. They also showed that AIMS performs well in at least 4 major types of arthritis, in a range of sociodemographic groups, and across time. These findings emphasize the strengths of the AIMS approach and suggest that the instrument will prove useful as a tool to assess arthritis outcome in a wide variety of clinical settings. PMID- 7126290 TI - Strain and sex variation in the susceptibility to streptococcal cell wall-induced polyarthritis in the rat. AB - Sixteen inbred rat strains were examined for susceptibility and resistance to group A streptococcal cell wall-induced polyarthritis. The findings indicated that 2 or more genetic loci, as well as sex-related factors, played a major role in determining susceptibility to arthritis in this model. Breeding studies demonstrated that susceptibility was a dominant or codominant trait. A positive association between the severity of arthritis and the development of chronic inflammation in multiple tissues was also observed. In strains that were relatively resistant to arthritis, chronic inflammation was generally limited to the spleen. Since translocation of the poorly degradable and phlogogenic streptococcal cell walls to the synovium and other tissues appears to initiate inflammation, these studies suggested that susceptibility might be the result of a defect in host mechanisms limiting cell wall dissemination. PMID- 7126292 TI - Noncollagenous proteins in cartilage of normal subjects and patients with degenerative joint disease. A gel electrophoretic study. AB - Normal articular cartilage from subjects of various ages and cartilage from patients with degenerative joint disease were extracted with 4M guanidinium chloride. After dialysis against 8M urea pH 6.8, a 0.2M NaCl fraction was obtained by ion exchange chromatography on DE-52 in 8M urea. This fraction was concentrated, reduced, and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (7% gels). Six major noncollagenous protein bands (P1-P6) were found; 2 were identified as the link proteins. The approximate molecular weights of P1-P6 were: 87,000, 64,000, 56,000, 46,000, 41,000, and 27,000. A similar sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis pattern of P1-P6 was found in young baboons, in normal young and aged humans, and in patients with degenerative joint disease. Peaks corresponding to extracted collagen were decreased in older patients and increased in patients with degenerative joint disease, even those of advanced age. PMID- 7126295 TI - Ultrastructure of the esophagus in scleroderma. PMID- 7126294 TI - Human complement activation by self-associated IgG rheumatoid factors. AB - IgG rheumatoid factors (IgG-RFs) undergo concentration-dependent self-association into dimers and higher polymers, as previously reported. The interactions of purified IgG-RF from the plasma of 3 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, with guinea pig and human complement were studied. Self-associating IgG-RFs were isolated by affinity columns and gel filtration. These preparations contained no detectable IgM and were composed only of IgG subclasses known to fix complement. Complement utilization of IgG-RF was compared with that of monomeric IgG, heat aggregated IgG, and soluble rabbit IgG immune complexes. Although incubation of IgG-RF or monomeric IgG with 3 units of guinea pig or human complement resulted in decreased hemolysis of sheep erythrocytes sensitized with IgM hemolysin, these substances were less than 100 times as effective as heat-aggregated IgG or soluble immune complexes. The ability of human or guinea pig complement that had been incubated with IgG-RF to restore hemolytic activity to C4-deficient guinea pig serum served to distinguish Clq binding from complement cascade activation. IgG-RFs and monomeric IgG did not activate guinea pig complement cascade in contrast to aggregated IgG. IgG-RFs, however, activated human complement cascade; monomeric IgG only bound human Clq. These results indicate that self-associated IgG-RFs can activate human complement in fluid phase, but less effectively than aggregated IgG or large-latticed immune complexes. PMID- 7126291 TI - Fish vertebrae. PMID- 7126293 TI - Partial reversal by beta-D-xyloside of salicylate-induced inhibition of glycosaminoglycan synthesis in articular cartilage. AB - While net 35S-glycosaminoglycan synthesis in normal canine articular cartilage was suppressed by 10(-3)M sodium salicylate to about 70% of the control value, addition of xyloside (10(-6)M-10(-3)M) to the salicylate-treated cultures led to a concentration-dependent increase in glycosaminoglycan synthesis, which rose to 120-237% of controls. Similar results were obtained when 3H-glucosamine was used to measure glycosaminoglycan synthesis, confirming that salicylate suppresses and xyloside stimulates net glycosaminoglycan synthesis, and not merely sulfation. Salicylate (10-3)M) did not affect the activity of xylosyl or galactosyl transferase prepared from canine knee cartilage, and net protein synthesis was unaltered by either salicylate or xyloside. The proportion of newly synthesized proteoglycans existing as aggregates when cartilage was cultured with xyloside was similar to that in controls, although the average hydrodynamic size of disaggregated proteoglycans and of sulfated glycosaminoglycans was diminished. PMID- 7126296 TI - FDA Arthritis Advisory Committee meeting. PMID- 7126297 TI - Cancer in connective tissue disease. PMID- 7126298 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus and acute intermittent porphyria: coincidence or association ? PMID- 7126299 TI - Scleroderma, amyloidosis, and extensor tendon rupture. PMID- 7126300 TI - Preliminary criteria for remission in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7126302 TI - Abuse of computed tomography. PMID- 7126301 TI - Unconventional arthritis therapies. PMID- 7126303 TI - Charcot-Leyden or corticosteroid crystals. PMID- 7126304 TI - Azathioprine-induced pancreatitis. PMID- 7126305 TI - Rheumatology education in medical schools. PMID- 7126307 TI - [Visceral histologic lesions of lethal acute colchicine poisoning. Apropos of 12 cases]. AB - The authors reported histological characteristics (on post-mortem examination) of 12 cases of lethal acute colchicine intoxication and compare these results with the 5 previous anatomical studies of such cases in the literature. Abnormal mitosis (stathmocinesis, "caryomerie", caryorrhexis and mitonecrosis) are constant and essentially seen in the bone marrow and digestive mucosae, especially in oesophagus which squamous epithelium is more resistant to autolysis than others digestive mucosae. Biological or histological symptoms or lesions of intravascular diffuse coagulation are present 7 cases but both biological and histological manifestations in only one case. Hematological disorders are constant when more than 0.5 mg/kg (of corporeal weight) of colchicine has been ingested. Granulocytic elements are most affected both by hypoplasia (essentially in the first four days) and maturation troubles. A microvacuolar non systematized and diffuse liver fatty change is found in 10 cases, probably related to alteration of lipoproteins synthesis and secretion by hepatocytes. Interstitial myocardial oedema is a constant feature; in addition true interstitial myocarditis (with infiltration by polymorphs) is seen in two cases. These cardiac lesions may be related to the cardiogenic shock which is often observed in these patients. PMID- 7126308 TI - [Spontaneous massive ischemic infarction of a cervical lymph node]. PMID- 7126306 TI - [Histopathology of bilharziasis]. AB - Our conception of Bilharziosis, one of the oldest known illness, has been considerably modified during the last twenty years with the development of Immunology. In fact, it is now established that the severity of the illness depends upon the importance of granuloma which arises round the emprisoned egg in the tissues and the sclerosis mutilation which follows. It is possible to describe, successively around the egg, exsudative granuloma, productive granuloma, and sclerocicatricial nodule whose size will depend upon the tissular immunity. In particular this granuloma will be practically non-existent when the endogenic desensitization of the subject is maximal. In this case the egg will remain undestroyed and there will be egg's calcification in the tissue. Contrarily, in the case of minor tissular immunity there will be serious collagenous mutilations as in Symmers hepatic fibrosis. It is therefore preferable that a histopathological study be part of the routine investigations of this disease: it confirms itself as one of the best prognostic criteria. PMID- 7126309 TI - [Ectopic intra-lymph node pancreas]. PMID- 7126310 TI - [Interatrial communication in infants]. PMID- 7126311 TI - [Time devoted to institutional pediatric office visits]. PMID- 7126312 TI - [Hyperbilirubinemia and neonatal sepsis]. PMID- 7126313 TI - [Duplication of the digestive system in children]. PMID- 7126314 TI - [Acute infectious lymphocytosis]. PMID- 7126315 TI - [Problems in the management of ambulatory patients with convulsions]. PMID- 7126316 TI - The septo-hippocampal system and cognitive mapping. AB - Rats were trained on a rewarded alternation task, run as a spatial working memory task on an elevated T-maze. Experiment 1 tested the effects of fornix-fimbria (FOFI) lesions on the acquisition, and of medial septal (MS) lesions on the acquisition and retention of this task, when the rats had to use information provided by being forced to run to a selected goal arm. The FOFI lesion produced an enduring impairment; the MS rats showed a severe impairment initially, but subsequently showed some behavioural recovery, when tested in acquisition or in retention. Experiment 2 similarly tested the effects of lateral septal (LS) lesions on acquisition of the task, and found an impairment which again showed signs of recovery with further testing. Experiment 3 was a transfer test conducted on the rats which had shown recovery in Experiments 1 and 2. The rats were now forced to use information provided by simply being placed on a selected goal arm. Both control animals and lesion animals showed identical choice accuracy, lower than that seen in Experiments 1 and 2. Experiment 4 tested acquisition of the task used in Experiment 3, and acquisition of a task in which the rat had to use information provided by running to the goal arm via a different route. Control rats again performed poorly, and scarcely differed from MS rats. It was concluded that rats have difficulty in using information about 'places', and that controls and lesion rats learn the tasks in the same way. The implications for 'cognitive mapping' hypotheses are discussed. PMID- 7126317 TI - Interhemispheric transfer of visual pattern discriminations: evidence for a bilateral storage of the engram. AB - The present experiment was carried out to determine whether the memory trace of a pattern discrimination learned with one hemisphere is also transmitted to the second hemisphere via the corpus callosum or whether the trace is limited to the trained hemisphere and becomes accessible to the second during recall via this route. Split-chiasma cats learned two pattern discriminations with one eye (and hemisphere), then were subjected to a mid-sagittal transection of their corpus callosum, followed by learning with the other untrained eye (and hemisphere). Ten cats were separated into two groups: one group learned the discrimination to criterion (the non-overtrained group) while the other received 1600 overtraining trials over and beyond those needed to reach criterion (the overtrained group). Results indicated that there was little bilateral storage in the non-overtrained group (as determined by the number of trials needed to attain criterion with the second eye). Most subjects from the overtrained group showed chance performance during the first transfer session but learned the pattern discrimination much more rapidly with the second eye than with the first. These results are taken as indicating that memory transcription is possible through the callosum but that this route is slower and its readout is possibly contaminated by secondary non specific factors which affect the initial utilization of the trace. PMID- 7126318 TI - Synaptic proteins in frontal and control brain regions of rats after exposure to spatial problems. AB - Synaptic proteins D1, D2, D3, synaptin and 14-3-2, as well as the glial protein glutamine synthetase, were measured by crossed immunoelectrophoresis in the anteromedial (prefrontal) cortex, occipital (visual) cortex and the anterior and posterior parts of the neostriatum of rats. The 3 experimental groups consisted of rats trained to criterion in a spatial delayed alternation, those run as yoked controls and, finally, rats kept in individual cages and not subjected to any training. Statistical analysis showed that two variables: behavioral procedures and brain regions, had a significant effect. Their interaction was also significant. Further analysis revealed that only in the prefrontal cortex of the yoked control animals was there a significant decrease of the synaptic membrane proteins D1, D2 and D3. Thus, particular behavioral treatment seems capable of affecting synapses in a specific 'association' cortical area. The change is more easily related to the amount of 'work' than to formation of 'memory trace' within the critical area. PMID- 7126319 TI - Interocular transfer of visual discriminations in Wulst-ablated pigeons. AB - Interocular transfer (IOT) of monocularly learned pattern, brightness and color discriminations was studied in normal pigeons and in pigeons with a bilateral ablation of the visual Wulst. No significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of both rate of monocular learning and degree of IOT. Pigeons with a Wulst ablation which had shown a normal capacity for IOT, subsequently lost this capacity following a section of the supra-optic decussation (DSO). It is concluded that IOT in pigeons does not require the presence of the binocular neurons of the visual Wulst, and that in absence of this structure, IOT must rely on other centers for binocular interaction which receive fibers from the DSO. PMID- 7126320 TI - Motor conditional associative-learning after selective prefrontal lesions in the monkey. PMID- 7126321 TI - Absence of learning and memory deficits in the vasopressin-deficient rat (Brattleboro strain). AB - Active and passive avoidance behavior was compared between vasopressin (ADH) deficient rats of the Brattleboro strain and normal Long-Evans rats. In retention of a passive avoidance task across three levels of footshock (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mA) the ADH-deficient rats exhibited a slight but overall superior passive avoidance performance. In a one-way avoidance task, diabetes insipidus (D.I.) and normal rats had closely comparable performance; whereas, in a shuttle-box avoidance task the D.I. rats made significantly more avoidance response than the Long-Evans rats. Flinch-jump testing indicated that the D.I. rats had a small but statistically significant lowered jump threshold. These findings, which add to an increasingly conflicting literature regarding the role of ADH in learning and memory processes, indicated that ADH per se is not critical for normal learning and memory. Possibly, variations in breeding procedures for the D.I. rat have resulted in variations in behavioral reactivity with interact with learning tasks to enhance or impair performance. PMID- 7126322 TI - Hippocampal rhythmic slow activity (RSA) during animal hypnosis in the rabbit. AB - Hippocampal electrical activity has been studied in 12 unanaesthetized, unrestrained rabbits during hypnosis and spontaneous activity in the experimental cage, before and among hypnosis trials. Quantitative analyses showed that rhythmic slow activity (RSA) occurred during exploratory movements (mean frequency 7.2 Hz) and also during spontaneous immobility, but a lower percentage and frequency (6.5 Hz). RSA was always present during the induction of hypnosis, but its frequency decreased and disappeared at the beginning of immobility, when it was replaced by a large amplitude irregular activity (LIA). During hypnosis RSA occurred in short periods, at low frequency (5.7 Hz). During the initial part of hypnosis, the lowest percentage of RSA was recorded. In the sec ond and third part, RSA increased in number of episodes, total amount, duration of a single episode and mean frequency. RSA of higher frequency occurred at the end of hypnosis, preceding righting movements. The relationships between hippocampal RSA and animal hypnosis are discussed. PMID- 7126323 TI - Some attentional effects of unilateral frontal lesions in the rat. AB - Visual learning, sensory neglect and motor behaviour were studied in rats with unilateral lesions of anteromedial (AM) or dorsolateral (DL) frontal cortex. The purpose was to determine whether the principal features of the syndrome seen after unilateral frontal eye field lesions in primates appear in the rat. In the first two experiments, rats were trained on a visual discrimination using shock avoidance. AM lesions greatly prolonged choice latency but did not increase errors, and this held both for binocular performance and for monocular performance with the contralateral eye. One group of AM-lesion animals was postoperatively maintained in the dark, and their latencies, binocular and monocular, did not differ from the DL controls. Thus, deprivation of visual experience prevented the effects of the AM lesion. The second experiment used simple sensory stimuli to test for visual, auditory and tactile neglect. Ipsiversive circling was also investigated. All rats with AM lesions neglected contralaterally and circled in the first postoperative week. Recovery was underway by the second week and complete in three weeks. The animals were trained preoperatively on a conditioned avoidance problem in which shock was signalled from various points in the visual field. Tested postoperatively, the AM-lesion rats avoided normally. The findings of the two experiments strongly suggest that the functions of AM cortex in the rat are similar to those of the frontal eye field in primates. This cortical region appears to be part of a system which prominently includes the superior colliculus and serves attentional/orienting functions. PMID- 7126324 TI - Equivalence of parieto-preoccipital subareas for visuospatial ability in monkeys. AB - Parieto-preoccipital lesions in monkeys produce a variety of behavioral deficits, many of which can be classified as either visuospatial or tactual. Since the lesions typically invade a number of cytoarchitectonic areas, the diverse behavioral effects could be a consequence of damage of different functional systems. To determine whether visuospatial ability depends critically on particular parieto-preoccipital -- or on a particular combination of them, monkeys with lesions of one, two, or all three of these sectors were tested both on the "landmark' task, a visual distance discrimination, and, for comparison, on a visual pattern discrimination. Impairment was found only on the landmark task, and the severity of the impairment depended on the number of sectors included in the removal, completely independent of their locus. In an attempt to integrate these results with current neurobiological data, we propose that the parieto preoccipital region consists of two subdivisions that are organized hierarchically for the mediation of spatial perception. The lower-order subdivision, composed largely of the modality-specific preoccipital area, dorsal OA, is postulated to serve visuospatial processes selectively. The higher-order subdivision, composed mainly of the poly-sensory parietal area, PG, is postulated to serve a supramodal spatial ability to which both the visual and tactual modalities contribute. PMID- 7126325 TI - Contribution of striate inputs to the visuospatial functions of parieto preoccipital cortex in monkeys. AB - In Experiments 1 and 2, monkeys received 3-stage operations intended to serially disconnect parieto-preoccipital from striate cortex. At each stage (unilateral parieto-preoccipital removal, contralateral striate removal and posterior callosal transection) the monkeys were tested for retention of the landmark task, a visuospatial discrimination sensitive to the effects of bilateral parieto preoccipital damage. To check the effectiveness of the disconnection, the monkeys were also tested after removal of the remaining parieto-preoccipital cortex. The results demonstrated that corticocortical inputs from striate cortex are crucial for the visuospatial functions of parieto-preoccipital cortex, just as they had been shown earlier to be crucial for the pattern discrimination functions of inferior temporal cortex. Relative to inferior temporal cortex, however, parieto preoccipital cortex was found to be especially dependent on ipsilateral (as compared with contralateral) striate inputs. In Experiment 3, monkeys received bilateral lesions of either lateral on medial striate cortex and were tested on both a pattern discrimination task, to assess residual inferior temporal function, and the landmark task, to assess residual parieto-preoccipital function. The results indicated that the pattern discrimination functions of inferior temporal cortex are especially dependent on inputs from lateral striate cortex, whereas the visuospatial functions of parieto-preoccipital cortex are equally dependent on inputs from lateral and medial striate cortex. The relatively greater contribution to parieto-preoccipital than to inferior temporal cortex made by ipsilateral and medial striate inputs (representing contralateral and peripheral visual fields, respectively) can also be seen in the receptive field properties of parieto-preoccipital and inferior temporal neurons. The differences in the organization of striate inputs to these two cortical association areas presumably reflect differences in the processing required for spatial vs object vision. PMID- 7126326 TI - The effects of cerebellar hemispherectomy in the young rat. I. Behavioral sequelae. AB - The effects of unilateral cerebellar hemispherectomy in rats operated on the 5th, 10th and 30th days were investigated. Their locomotor behaviour was studied longitudinally until the age of 360 days. Locomotion remained impaired to a variable extent in all experimental groups. Rats operated on the 30th day showed fewer deviations in locomotion than rats operated on the 5th or 10th day. PMID- 7126327 TI - Behavioural comparisons between individually- and group-housed male rats: effects of novel environments and diurnal rhythm. AB - Individually-housed rats, when compared with group-housed controls, have been previously shown to be hyper-reactive when exposed to an openfield at the beginning of the dark-phase; this was not due to elevated spontaneous activity. In the present experiments locomotor and rearing activities were determined immediately after exposing animals to a novel environment, and after 6 and 24 h of habituation to the test-environment. Additionally, after 24 h of adaptation, animals' responses towards a modification of the test-environment were examined. Four parallel experiments were carried out, each starting at a different time in the light/dark cycle. Individually-housed rats were hyper-reactive in novel environments and showed a slower habituation at all time points tested. Part of behavioural parameters show clearcut day/night variations, but differences between individually- and group-housed rats do not seem to be influenced by the time of day. PMID- 7126328 TI - BCA (breast cancer antigens): different purification extraction methods. AB - Various types of extraction were tested to increase the immunological yield of BCA, a CEA-like primary breast cancer associated carcinoma antigen. To allow a comparison, the different extraction techniques were applied to only one breast tumour. The comparison of the various systems was based on two parameters: protein yield and immunological activity, assayed in a RIA 125I CEA-anti CEA system. The following extraction methods were described and compared in this paper: 3M KCl; 1N HClO4; neutral pH extraction (PBS) in the absence and presence of various detergents (anionic, neutral and cationic), basic pH extraction (1N NaOH) and acid pH extraction (1.5M acetic acid) in the presence of urea and various detergents. The more significant systems were applied also to the extraction of CEA, from colonic adenocarcinoma liver metastases. The best results for both the antigens studied were obtained by using neutral detergents (1% NP 40) at neutral pH. PMID- 7126329 TI - Study of a BCG vaccine. Influence of dose and time. AB - When a vaccine in three different concentrations (non-diluted, half-strength and one-third strength) was used on a study population of 159 students, six weeks after the vaccination only the vaccine at one-third strength showed small vaccination lesions in comparison with those of the other two concentrations. There is no evidence of any significant difference between them with respect to the positive reaction to the tuberculin testing. After one year, the number of subjects with a positive vaccination scar is drastically reduced in the case of the vaccine at one-third strength. As regards the tuberculin reaction, even if the difference in the number of positive values is not significant, the reaction size for the one-third and one-half strength dose diminishes significantly with respect to that observed at six weeks. PMID- 7126330 TI - [Effect of S-carboxymethylcysteine on blood levels of amoxycillin and its diffusion through lung parenchyma and pleural exudate in the rat]. AB - The fixed combination (10 : 3) of amoxycillin and S-carboxymethylcysteine, which is indicated in the therapy of the respiratory tract infections, was given to rats by oral route to determine the blood levels and the concentrations in the pulmonary parenchyma and pleural exudate. In comparison with the antibiotic alone the combination determined higher levels of amoxycillin in the blood (0.5, 1.2 hours after administration) in the homogenized lung tissue (2 hours after administration) and in pleural inflammatory exudate (0.5, 1, 2 hours after administration) caused by intrapleural injection of carrageenan. The enhanced distribution of the antibiotic in the target tissues further supports the clinical usefulness of this combination. PMID- 7126331 TI - [Serum and bronchial concentrations of amoxicillin administered with a bronchial fluidizer]. AB - The authors compared the serum and bronchial concentration of amoxycillin administered alone and in association with carboxymethylcysteine. The determinations were carried out in 10 patients affected with exacerbated acute and chronic bronchopneumopathies, treated first with amoxycillin alone (15 g/day in 3 administrations) and then with amoxycillin at the same dosage and carboxymethylcysteine (450 mg/day in 3 administrations). The bronchial secretions were collected during bronchoscopy performed 2 hours after the last administration of antibiotic. The bronchial secretion values of amoxycillin administered alone varied from 0.92 mcg/ml to 1.88 mcg/ml with a mean value of 1.44 mcg/ml. The percentage ratio between levels in bronchial secretion and levels in the serum varied from 12.7 to 36.1 with a mean value of 23.2. The administration of the amoxycillin-fluidizing agent association determined a statistically significant increase of the antibiotic levels in the bronchial secretions, varying from 1.26 mcg/ml to 6.39 mcg/ml, with a percentage ratio from 19.6 to 103.0. PMID- 7126332 TI - [Post-transfusion malaria after imported malaria]. AB - A case of falciparum malaria transmitted by a whole blood transfusion from a donor affected by imported malaria is reported. As an increased number of cases of transfusion malaria is reported in Europe during the past ten years, the authors emphasize the importance of screening blood donors by the I.F.A. test to identify carriers. They also discuss some related diagnostic and therapeutic problems. PMID- 7126333 TI - Extraction and partial purification of a CEA-like BCA from a pool of pre-selected breast carcinomas. AB - By exploiting the cross-reaction among the antigens associated with a pool of breast carcinomas, preselected according to their antigenic content, a CEA-like BCA, with a specific activity of 1400 U/micrograms has been extracted, by means of 3M KCl, and partially purified by means of ConA Sepharose affinity chromatography and bioabsorption, employing, for the latter, a cross-reacting antiserum (anti CEA). The subsequent labelling, after Sephadex G-200 gel filtration, points out an immunological activity at the apex of the first peak versus anti CBC (or C.BCA) and anti CEA. PMID- 7126334 TI - Effects of Etretinate on the neutrophil chemotaxis in pustular psoriasis. AB - The chemotactic activity and other functional parameters both granulocytic and seroimmunologic are evaluated in patients with pustular psoriasis before and after treatment with Etretinate. Before treatment these parameters, and in particular the chemotactic activity of neutrophil granulocyte do not reach statistical difference from control subjects. Etretinate determines in all the cases a dramatic and statistically significant reduction of the chemotactic activity of neutrophil chemotaxis. PMID- 7126335 TI - [Antitoxic antibodies and antitetanus protection in the Aquila area]. AB - A serological survey was carried out on the population in the l'Aquila district to assess the protection level against tetanus. The antitosin titre was evaluated by indirect haemagglutination in 534 sera from healthy subjects of both sexes and all age-groups. The protection level against tetanus was found usually good for subjects till age fifteen, partial and insufficient for older subjects, women especially. PMID- 7126336 TI - [Initial evaluations on the use of passive microhemagglutination test for the verification of antitetanus immunity]. AB - First results obtained in the L.P.I.P. of Milan for tetanus antitoxin titration in the serum of 200 subjects vaccinated, are exposed in this work. A micromethod of passive haemoagglutination against avian erythrocytes was employed. The 26.5% of these subjects presents less than 0.1 Ul/ml. of antitoxin in spite of previous immunization. On the contrary in 33% of cases, high levels of antibodies have been determinated in spite of a not correctly executed vaccination. It seems confirmed the validity of this diagnostic procedure for monitoring the prophylaxis against tetanus among the National Sanitary Service and for its more correct management. The study of the results permits in addition to better determine the cases in which this test is suitable. PMID- 7126337 TI - [Pneumonia mortality in Italy over a 26-year period (1951-1976)]. AB - During the period 1951-1976 the annual mortality rate due to pneumonia decreased from about 60 deaths/100.000 to about 26 deaths/100.000. By studying the pattern of mortality in relation to the age of population, it is shown that pneumonia deaths in the elder group (greater than 60 year-old) progressively diminished from 1951 (266/100.000) to 1966 (125/100.000). After this year mortality rates showed to stabilize their levels. Pneumonia mortality among people with age between 0-5 years and 5-60 years showed a progressive decline during all the period here examined. At this time elder people seem to contribute to more than 80% of mortality from pneumonia in Italy. PMID- 7126338 TI - [Viral hepatitis B. Seroepidemiological study in Veneto]. AB - Sera from 3160 subjects without overt liver disease were tested for the presence of HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc. This group corresponds to a 4%, sample of the population resident in Padova and the surrounding district, selected according to sex and age distribution (in 5 to 5 year classes). The overall prevalence of HBV infection was 23%. The prevalence of HBsAg+ subjects was 3.2% higher in males than in females (3.8% v.s. 2.7%). Children under 5 years of age showed the maximum HBsAg carrier rate (7.3%), which was found to decrease with advancing age. Prevalence of anti-HBs is similar in both sexes (M 15.8% v.s. F 14.2%) and increases with age. Anti-HBc without HBsAg or anti-HBs was found in 4.6%, higher in males than in females (5.8% v.s. 3.6%). These result stress the importance of anti-HBc detection in HBV seroepidemiological surveys and suggest that HBV transmission within the household (both vertical and horizontal) plays a relevant role in HBV spread in our population. PMID- 7126339 TI - [Prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HBs in hospital personnel]. AB - The prevalence of serum HBsAg and Anti-HBs was studied in 201 staff members from two Renal Dialysis Units, one Medical and one Dermatological Division from two Hospitals in the Milano area. The overall prevalence of HBsAg was significantly greater among staff members (8.9%) as compared to controls (4.9%). On the contrary, the prevalence of Anti-HBs was only slightly higher in hospital personnel than in controls. Non-medical staff members (nurses, technicians) showed a prevalence of HBV markers (HBsAg and/or Anti-HBs) twice as high as medical staff members (46.1% vs 23.2%). When the prevalence of HBV markers was correlated to the duration of work in the hospital, a steady increase in the prevalence of Anti-HBs was observed. On the contrary, the prevalence of HBsAg rose in the first 3 years and remained constant thereafter. The prevalence of HBV markers was significantly higher among staff members from Renal Dialysis Units (HBsAg+ and/or Anti-HBs+:50%) than in the personnel from the Medical and Dermatological Divisions (32.4%). However, the difference was solely related to a higher prevalence of Anti-HBs in the former (42% vs 23%). This may reflect a higher risk of infection in Dialysis Units as compared to other Hospital Divisions. However, the difference might be magnified by the frequent use of HBIG in the Dialysis Units personnel. PMID- 7126340 TI - [Isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica from food in the province of Ferrara]. PMID- 7126341 TI - Growth regulation and differentiation factors in vitro. Abstracts. PMID- 7126342 TI - [Antibody response to trivalent anti-influenza vaccination (inactivated virus) A/Texas/1/77 H3N2), A/URSS/90/77 (H1N1), B/Hong Kong/8/73]. AB - Seventy-five young recruits received an intramuscular dose of anti-influenza virus vaccine containing 300 U.I. of A/Texas/1/77 (H3N2), A/URSS/90/77 (H1N1), B/Hong Kong/8/73 strains. Antibody responses were detected by HI and SRH tests: immunogenicity of the preparation was different for the individual vaccine strain in spite of the similar amount of antigenic content, and the immunity conferred by vaccine strains did not significantly extend to new influenza virus strains which prevailed in 1979/80 winter season with the exception for A/Brazil/11/78 (H1N1). PMID- 7126343 TI - [Antibody response to an anti-influenza vaccine of inactivated whole virus, titrated in micrograms, used in the 1980/81 season]. AB - Antibody response of 68 healthy young-adult volunteers to A/Bangkok/1/79 (H3N2), A/Brazil/11/78 (H1N1), B/Singapore/222/79 trivalent anti-influenza virus vaccine was studied by haemagglutination inhibition and single radial haemolysis techniques. The results of this study indicate that immunogenicity of the individual components of the vaccine (10 micrograms each) varied significantly, the highest frequence of antibody response occurring for A/Brazil influenza virus strain and the lowest for B/Singapore. PMID- 7126344 TI - [Cystinuria: clinical and therapeutic aspects]. PMID- 7126345 TI - [Evaluation of the efficacy of low-dose heparin prophylaxis in preventing thromboembolic complications in total hip prosthesis interventions]. PMID- 7126347 TI - [Sterility test: proposal for an automatic sampling system and filtration in a closed system]. PMID- 7126346 TI - [HPLC study of various cephalosporins]. PMID- 7126348 TI - A comparative study of the oral absorption in man of bendazac and its lysine salt. PMID- 7126349 TI - Microencapsulated acetylsalicylic acid. An automatic spectrophotometric method for release determination. PMID- 7126350 TI - A report on the positive inotropic action of amrinone. AB - The inotropic action of amrinone was evaluated on isolated guinea-pig atria and on specimens of human atrial myocardium. The drug elicited a positive inotropic response in both the tissues. On spontaneously beating guinea-pig atria the influence on contractility was higher than on the rate. The magnitude of the response was influenced by temperature. Propranolol or phentolamine did not affect the positive inotropic action of amrinone. The efficacy of amrinone was higher than ouabain, in normal as well as in low extracellular calcium. Amrinone showed a positive inotropic action also at high extracellular potassium. The positive staircase was not reversed by amrinone, which had a higher positive inotropic effect at higher frequency of driving; the drug did not significantly delay the decline of contractile force in zero calcium. It is possible that the inotropic effect of amrinone in mainly due to an effect on influx of calcium into the cells. PMID- 7126351 TI - C-band heterochromatin polymorphism of human chromosomes 1, 9, 16, Y. AB - Results are presented of a C-band investigation of the chromosomes 1, 9, 16, Y of two unselected populations from Central Italy and of 30 normal families. A high incidence of polymorphism was observed in these populations. Moreover, though the majority of the observed variants were inherited from parents to child in a Mendelian way, 3/30 children presented differences from the parental pattern. The results are discussed together with the data of other reports. PMID- 7126352 TI - [The "peripheral factor" in muscular exertion]. AB - On the basis of their own experimental results and of those from the literature, the Authors have studied the possibility of bloodless evaluation of the ratio: oxygen extraction (DAV) to total peripheral resistances (TPR). The so called "peripheral factor" which can be thus obtained (units: m10(2) X min-1 X mmHg-1), appears to be a sensitive index of the metabolic-functional behaviour of skeletal musculature and of the degree of left ventricular involvement during various types of muscular exercise. From resting value of 3-5, the "peripheral factor" can increase up to 40 m10(2) X min-1 X mmHg-1 in well trained athletes, and it appears to be influenced not only by the amount of work performed but also by the "type" of muscle group involved. PMID- 7126353 TI - [Changes in hemodynamic and metabolic parameters during controlled muscular exertion in a group of international-level professional cyclists]. AB - The behaviour of some cardiovascular and metabolic parameters have been studied in 11 competitive road-cyclists under controlled submaximal work load. The test used was intermittent with load increasing from 100 to 250 watt, independent from age and body weight of the athletes. The results obtained have shown that whereas the estimated VO2 was 4,76 LO2/min, the extrapolated VO2max goes up to 6,08 LO2/min, corresponding to 84,55 m102/Kg X min. Particularly interesting seems to be the way through which the high VO2 levels can be obtained in these subjects: small increment of the mean arterial blood pressure together with large oxygen extraction and high vasodilatation. PMID- 7126354 TI - [Dynamics of respiratory function during muscular exertion: a study in a group of international-level road cyclists]. AB - The behaviour of some respiratory parameters have been studied in a group of road cyclists with high standard of competitive performance. The results obtained have shown that the respiratory pattern seems to be marked to a great efficiency in the alveolo-capillary gas exchange. High levels of pulmonary ventilation are obtained through low respiratory rate and high tidal volumes. This determines a more pronounced increase in the alveolar ventilation and a better ratio VA/VE during muscular effort. It seems interesting the behaviour of the pulmonary oxygen extraction (FIO2-FEO2); this parameter in fact reach its maximal level already at the low levels of load imposed. PMID- 7126355 TI - [Seasonal variations in hematochemical and urine parameters in a group of professional cyclists]. AB - Purpose of this study was to evaluate the modification of some biohumoral parameters in a group of road-race cyclists during a sporting season. The following conclusions can be drawn: at the beginning of physical exercise, an inverse relationship between serum iron and haemoglobin content can be found. This can be probably attributed to the physiological response to fatigue. Hepatic and renal functions were normal during continuous and severe physical stress like Giro d'Italia. This can be due either to correct alimentary and hydric intake and to an appropriate pharmacological therapy. PMID- 7126357 TI - [Time course analysis of the effects of intrapeduncular injection of kainic acid on amygdaloid paroxysmal activity]. AB - Intrapeduncolar intrapeduncolar entopeduncolar injection of kainic acid determines an early decrease of the evoked amygdaloid paroxysmal activity, and a later increase of the AD length. The diphasic effect of the injection of kainic acid into the entopeduncular nucleus is likely due to the structural analogy of this drug with a neuroexcitant amino acid, monosodium glutamate. The inhibitory role of the entopeduncolar nucleus on the paroxysmal phenomena evoked in the amygdala is emphasized. PMID- 7126356 TI - [Effects of veratridine on labyrinth receptors in the frog]. AB - The action of the veratrum alkaloid veratridine has been tested on the sensory apparatus of the frog semicircular canals. Intracellular and extracellular recordings of the electrical responses evoked by sinusoidal mechanical stimulations of the ampullar organ could not reveal an action of the drug on the hair cells whereas the onset of the impulse discharge at the encoder of the afferent nerve fibres is largely facilitated by veratridine. The mechanism of the drug action is discussed. PMID- 7126359 TI - [In vitro effect of culture fluids from neoplastic tissues on platelet aggregation. II. Experimental tumors]. AB - We have investigated the effects on platelet function of culture media from 2 sublines of a benzopyrene-induced murine sarcoma (mFS6). Platelet aggregation was investigated according to Born's method. The cell line with greater "in vivo" invasiveness showed higher aggregating activity and higher increase on ADP induced aggregation; these effects were inhibited by the preincubation of platelets with Aspirin (0,1 mM). These results suggest the role of platelets in metastasis formation; the possibility to inhibit pharmacologically the interactions between platelets and tumour cells could have important implications from both speculative and practical viewpoints. PMID- 7126358 TI - [In vitro effect of culture fluids from neoplastic tissues on platelet aggregation. I. Human tumors of the gastrointestinal tract]. AB - The effects on platelet function of culture media from 7 human tumours of the gastroenteric tract have been studied on platelet rich plasma obtained from 28 apparently normal subjects. Platelet aggregation was investigated according to Born's method. Some of the culture media showed an aggregating activity on platelets, while others did not; after dialysis, however, also the last ones aggregated platelets. Furthermore all the media both before and after dialysis were able to increase the platelet response to low doses of ADP (3 microM), and these effects were inhibited by Aspirin (0,1 mM). These results suggest that the tumours investigated release stimulating activities on platelet function and that these interactions can be inhibited pharmacologically. PMID- 7126361 TI - The intrinsic fluorescence characteristics of sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes. AB - The fluorescence characteristics of tryptophan in sarcoplasmic reticulum, were investigated to gain information concerning its location and environment within the intact membrane system. With an excitation of 295 nm, tryptophan has an emission maximum of 330 nm characteristic of tryptophan in a buried hydrophobic environment. At the wavelength studied only a faint contribution of tyrosine is present. The changes observed in the presence of urea 8 M suggest only a partial exposition of the aromatic residues. PMID- 7126360 TI - [Genetic activity of 1,2-dichloroethylene. B). In vivo studies: effect on microsomal enzymes]. AB - Mutagenicity study "in vivo" (Intravenous host mediated assay) confirms suspension test results with cis- and trans -1,2-dichloroethylene: no genetic effects could be detected. Single and repeated doses of trans-1,2-DCE induced liver aminopyrine demethylase and cytochrome P-450 whereas the cis- isomer decreased them. Similar results were obtained after induction with phenobarbital + beta-Naphthoflavone. PMID- 7126362 TI - Interactions between tryptophan and multilamellar liposomes. Effect of n-butanol on tryptophan fluorescence. AB - The fluorescence of indole ring of tryptophan is sensitive to the characteristics of the solvent in which it is located. So that is can be used as a probe of its microenvironment. In the present report we have studied fluorescence changes of tryptophan molecule located in multilamellar liposome of dipalmitoyl-lecithin (DPL). The temperature dependence of tryptophan fluorescence intensity shows increase related to the phase changes in DPL-liposomes. n-Butanol, a fluidizing agent, induces a linear dependence of tryptophan fluorescence from temperature. PMID- 7126363 TI - [Influence of follicular cells on energy metabolism of oocytes in growing mice]. AB - To investigate to what extent follicle cells can influence the energy metabolism of growing oocytes and thus regulate their development, we have compared incorporation of 3H-leucine into proteins of denuded and follicle enclosed oocytes as related to the presence of different energy metabolites in the culture medium. The results indicate that a) oocytes have no endogenous reserves and that are dependent on the presence of exogenous pyruvate for their viability; b) follicular cells possess an energy reserves that can be utilized by the germinal cells; c) follicular cells mediate the utilization of exogenous glucose by growing oocytes. We can speculate that follicular cells transform glucose in pyruvate, utilizable by isolated oocytes, or they stimulate glucose uptake and glycolysis of the oocytes, as suggested by metabolic cooperativity for 2deoxy-D glucose. PMID- 7126364 TI - [Arrest of maturation in spermatogenesis]. AB - The ultrastructural aspects of the germinal epithelium of 10 infertile men affected by maturative arrest of spermatogenesis were studied. We noted an increased number of malformed germinal cells. Marginal nuclear vescicles were present in spermatogonia of patients affected by spermatogonial arrest. The few spermatid present in the germinal epithelium of the patients affected by a spermatidic arrest presented changes of the nuclear condensation, the acrosome, and the tail. The Sertoli cells presented an immature aspect of the nucleus and changes of the "mantle". A possible correlation between the Sertoli cells changes and the altered spermatogenesis was proposed. PMID- 7126365 TI - Apo-lipoproteic pattern in type II diabetics (I.I.D.) with macroangiopathy and with no apparent clinico-instrumental signs of microangiopathy.--Note I. AB - A significant increase of Tg, Tg-VLDL, C, C-VLDL, C-LDL and apo B, a reduction of C-HDL/C ratio and no difference in C-HDL were evidenced in 31 compensated macroangiopathic I.I.D.. No significant differences were noticed dividing the 31 I.I.D. in two groups according to their sex; C-HDL was higher in the females. Our results agree with those of Reckless and Schonfeld. In conclusion we think that an association between macroangiopathy and lipoproteic alteration in compensated I.I.D. can be stated according to our data. PMID- 7126369 TI - [Circadian rhythm of platelet aggregation induced by adrenaline and collagen in man]. AB - In five, healthy, male subjects the circadian variation of adrenaline and collagen induced platelets aggregation has been studied. Blood samples were carried out every four hours for a 24 hours period, platelets aggregation was evaluated on the P.P.P. by Elvi-Logos aggregometer adding adrenaline (1 mM/ml) or collagen (80 mg/ml). Cosinor test was used to detect circadian rhythms. A statistically significant circadian rhythm with peak in the morning has been demonstrated using both collagen or adrenaline. It is concluded that the adrenaline and collagen induced platelets aggregation "in vitro" shows a maximum of activity in the morning. PMID- 7126366 TI - Apo-lipoproteic pattern in type I complicated diabetes (I.D.D.) with microangiopathy and with no clinico-instrumental signs of macroangiopathy.--Note II. AB - No significant changes of C, C-HDL, C-VLDL, C-LDL, C-HDL/C, Tg, Tg-VLDL and apo B were evidenced in 12 compensated microangiopathic I.D.D. in comparison with 20 healthy controls. Instead the analysis of the data obtained comparing the same I.D.D. with 10 decompensated microangiopathic I.D.D., selected with the same criteria, has pointed out no significant changes between the two groups as regards C, C-HDL, C-VLDL, C-LDL, C-HDL/C and a statistically significant increase of Tg and Tg-VLDL in the 10 decompensated I.D.D.. Our results agree with those of Nikkila and we think we can conclude that it is not possible to evidence a characteristic lipidic or lipoproteic "marker" in compensated microangiopathic I.D.D. PMID- 7126368 TI - [Lipid variations in coronary disease]. AB - Levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (Tg), high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoproteins A and B (ApoA and ApoB), were assayed in the serum of 63 patients suffering from coronary atherosclerosis, who survived myocardial infarction (M.I.) compared to healthy subjects. TC was assayed by an enzymatic-colorimetric technique: after precipitation with PEG 6000 the same method was used to determine HDL-C. Tg were assessed using total enzymatic method and ApoA and ApoB by RID. On the basis of TC, Tg, HDL-C, ApoA and ApoB values we have identified 6 main patterns, presenting a very characteristic lipaemic model. No significant difference was found between survivors and controls as regards TC and Tg; on the contrary, there was a statistical difference between the two groups for HDL-C, ApoA and ApoB. PMID- 7126367 TI - [Effect of hydrocortisone in the rabbit with a surgically denervated heart]. PMID- 7126370 TI - [Effects of acute ingestion of ethanol on several metabolic parameters (blood sugar, triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids, lactic acid and uric acid) in subjects with type I diabetes mellitus]. AB - 7 diabetic type I patients and 17 normal subjects underwent to acute ethanol oral load (0,8 g/Kg), in order to investigate the modifications produced on glucose, triglycerides, FFA, lactate and uric acid plasma values. Our results show basal differences between diabetics and controls in all these parameters; furthermore, acute ethanol ingestion produces no significant variations of blood glucose in both groups, a significant decrease in FFA levels, an increase of triglyceridemic levels, more evident in diabetics and an increase of lactate, earlier in normals. On the other hand, there is no significant modification in uric acid plasma levels in controls, whereas in diabetics there is an increase, probably due to more elevated lactacidemic values in the late phase of the test. PMID- 7126371 TI - [Comparison between different radioimmunological methods for the determination of steroid hormones]. AB - 17 beta-Oestradiol, Progesterone and Testosterone levels were assayed using different methods involving both I125 or H3 ad tracer in 15 female sera. Wide variations were observed only using the direct assay of 17 beta-Oestradiol, while the results of the three others assays were overlapped. None of the three methods used for the assay of Progesterone gave remarkably variations in results. One of the two direct methods used for Testosterone produced higher results than those obtained using previously extracted samples. PMID- 7126374 TI - Analogic delay lines for electrophysiological signals: practical approaches in CNS spike-activity analysis. AB - In extracellular microelectrode recordings of single PT-neurons, the time-shift of the signals by means of two different analogic delay lines allowed both the morphology of the spontaneous spikes and the related periods of antidromic unresponsiveness to be carefully evaluated. It has been shown that the limitations of the FM-type recorder delay technique can be avoided employing an integrated shift-register delay line for analogic signal processing. PMID- 7126373 TI - Platelet monoamine oxidase and blood plasma benzylamine oxidase activity in cirrhotic patients. AB - Plasma and platelet benzylamine oxidase activity was tested before and after portacaval shunt in patients with histologically-confirmed cirrhosis of the liver. The level of plasma benzylamine oxidase activity was always higher in cirrhotic patients than in control subjects and was unchanged by the surgical operation. Platelet benzylamine oxidase activity was lower in cirrhotic than in control patients before the surgical operation, and higher afterwards but it returned to the original value at 80 days after surgery. PMID- 7126372 TI - [Radioimmunologic and radioreceptor analysis of human chorionic gonadotropin for the diagnosis and control of ectopic pregnancy]. AB - The authors report here their studies on the use of a radioreceptor assay study of HCG for the diagnosis and management of ectopic pregnancy. Seven blood samples were collected before, during and three days after the surgical intervention; their HCG content was assayed with a radioreceptor method and the results were compared with those of radioimmunological method. The radioreceptor assay, with a sensitivity of 200 mUI/ml, has provided 85% reliability in detecting pregnancy, the radioimmunoassay the 100%. A case of ectopic resorbing pregnancy showed a HCG content of 25 mUI/ml (RIA) and a RRA negative; the low concentration of hcg caused the negativity of RRA, the sensibility of which is too low in this case. A deeper analysis of the technical results shows some possible sources of error. PMID- 7126375 TI - [Photopalpebral reflex and photo-evoked eyelid microvibration in neonatal intracranial hemorrhage and neonatal asphyxia]. PMID- 7126376 TI - [Evaluation of regional brain circulation by dynamic computer tomography]. AB - Regional brain circulation was evaluated by dynamic computed tomography with iodine enhancement. The CT number (Hounsfield unit)-time curve provided us three parameters, namely, peak value, rapid washout ratio and filling time. It was indicated that these three parameters were related to different components. Peak value was related to blood volume, rapid washout ratio to transit time and filling time to filling velocity and/or distance from the point of injection to the site of measurement. In 10 patients with brain edema, both peak value and rapid washout ratio were decreased, comparing to these of 5 normal subjects. In 24 patients with cerebral infarction, decreased peak value was a main finding. In 3 patients with occlusion of internal carotid artery, delayed filling time was demonstrated in every patient. Clinical application of dynamic computed tomography was discussed. PMID- 7126377 TI - [Effects of callosal bi-section on temporal cortical seizure and postictal refractory period in kindled cats]. AB - Effects of midline bi-section including corpus callosum and hippocampal commissure on the kindled generalized convulsion and postictal refractory period (PRP) were examined in temporal cortical kindled cats. Time latency for re appearance of generalized convulsion after the initial generalized convulsion was designated as a PRP arbitrarily in this experiment. Six repeated electrical stimulation at afterdischarge threshold intensity with one hour interval was performed, and EEG was recorded during PRP test session. Following results were obtained: 1) Kindled generalized convulsion in the split brain cats was characterized by asymmetrical or hemi-convulsion with lateralized afterdischarge in the stimulated hemisphere, 2) EEG silence and monorhythmic 2.5-3 cps high voltage slow activity in the split brain cats did not differ, rather prolonged than the control group in duration, but such postictal EEG changes were lateralized only in the stimulated hemisphere. Behavioral suppression was reduced markedly by midline bi-section, as compared with intact control, 3) In the PRP session of the split brain cats, the initially induced hemi-convulsion appeared with lateralized active afterdischarge lasting for 76.8 sec in the stimulated hemisphere. It was followed by the postictal EEG change as mentioned above in the stimulated hemisphere. In spite of such full-blown ictal events in the stimulated hemisphere, PRP was shorter (within 2 hrs) in the split brain cats than the control cats (more than 4 hrs). It is concluded that midline bi-section including corpus callosum and hippocampal commissure not only modify the pattern and duration of kindled generalized convulsion, but markedly reduce a seizure intensity reflected by shortening of postictal behavioral suppression and PRP. PMID- 7126378 TI - [Local cerebral glucose utilization in the ethylnitrosourea-induced rat glioma]. AB - Local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) of anesthetized rats bearing ethylnitrosourea (ENU)-induced gliomas was studied with 14C-deoxyglucose autoradiography. Single subcutaneous injection of ethylnitrosourea (50 mg/kg) was made to the newborn rats, and animals were used for experiment at 150 to 300 days after birth. Under ketamine anesthesia, 14C-deoxyglucose was injected through a venous catheter, and timed arterial sampling was made. Brains were removed at 45 min after injection, and prepared for macro-autoradiography. LCGU values were measured by the equation developed by Sokoloff et al. In the microtumors (less than 2 mm in diameter), mean LCGU value was 30 mumol/100 g/min, which was significantly (p less than 0.01) lower than mean value of normal cortex (63 mumol/100 g/min). In the macrotumors (greater than 2 mm in diameter). LCGU values in the tumor were separated to high part (mean; 49 mumol/100 g/min) and low part (mean; 38 mumol/100 g/min), which were still lower than mean cortical value and higher than mean white matter value (corpus callosum; 26 mumol/100 g/min). No LCGU changes were noted in the brain tissue adjacent to the microtumors. Whereas, macrotumor significantly reduced LCGU in the adjacent cortex. The present data may indicate that glucose metabolism of the ENU induced glioma and edematous peritumoral brain tissue is lower than that of normal cortex. PMID- 7126379 TI - [P-hydroxyphenylacetic acid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid]. AB - Using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection with a rapid one-step purification on Sephadex G-10 column, we have developed a sensitive technique to measure p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (PHPA), the oxidatively deaminated metabolite of p-tyramine, in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The method has been shown to offer simplicity, high sensitivity and low cost for the analysis of PHPA. By using this method PHPA can be measured concurrently with the dopamine metabolites, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA), in small amounts of CSF (0.5 ml or less). The concentrations of PHPA ranged 4.2 to 17.0 ng/ml with a mean value of 7.8 ng/ml+/-1.1 SEM in lumbar CSF of non-neurological control patients. PHPA value is consistent with the results of earlier studies using different methods. PHPA concentrations in both schizophrenic (4.7+/-0.6 ng/ml, n=11) and epileptic patients (5.8+/-0.4 ng/ml, n=28) were significantly lower than those in control patients. A concentration gradient of PHPA was found along the ventricular-lumbar axis. Probenecid markedly increased PHPA in lumbar CSF. These observations suggest that PHPA in lumbar CSF is derived at least in part from the brain and eliminated from CSF by a probenecid-sensitive transport mechanism. There was a significant correlation between PHPA and HVA concentrations in CSF. This is an interesting finding since a reciprocal relationship between dopamine turnover and p-tyramine concentrations has been found in the striatum of experimental animals. A number of recent studies suggest that p-tyramine may act as neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in specific neuronal systems. The present method should be useful in clinical investigations to clarify a functional role of p-tyramine in the brain. PMID- 7126380 TI - [A morphological study of the mammalian parasolitary nucleus]. AB - A comparative anatomical study of the parasolitary nucleus (Kohnstamm & Wolfstein, 1907) using Weigert-Pal-Carmine or Nissle sections of mammalian brain stem was made to discover its precise topography and cytoarchitecture. In transverse planes, the nucleus is usually found on the ventral side of the solitary tract. The parasolitary cells can be found not only among the solitary cells, but in the solitary tract, and in the parvocellular reticular formation (Fig. 1 a-f & 4). The oval or drop shaped parasolitary cells can be easily identified because they are nearly as large as the hypoglossal cells (Table 1). The cells of the solitary nucleus and parvocellular reticular formation are only one half to two thirds as large as the parasolitary cells. In sagittal planes, the mammalian parasolitary nucleus is one to four fifths as long as the hypoglossal nucleus. Its most developed part can be found somewhat oral to the obex (Fig. 1 h & 5). A Golgi study of the cat parasolitary nucleus was also made, using Golgi-Rapid and Golgi-Cox serial sections. Three-dimensional reconstruction with serial sections was attempted as far as possible. The dendrites of the cat parasolitary cells are thick and straight with blunted tips. They show only a few ramifications. The longest dendrite extends as far as 700 micrometers. The directions of the dendrites are variable. Each cell has eight to ten dendrites. Few spines can be observed (Fig. 2 a, b). The dendritic field of the parasolitary nucleus, as a whole, extends dorsally into the middle layer of th solitary nucleus, ventrally into the parvocellular reticular formation, medially into the intercalate nucleus, and laterally into the inferior nucleus of the vestibular nerve. PMID- 7126383 TI - Exercise heart rate/ST segment relation. Perfect predictor of coronary disease. PMID- 7126381 TI - [Broca's area and Broca's aphasia: based on the observations of two cases with the lesions involving Broca's area]. AB - Recently, the relation between Broca's area and Broca's aphasia has come into notice again. We investigated two right-handed patients without Broca's aphasia in spite of the presence of lesions involving Broca's area after hemorrhagic infarction. In addition, the clinical findings, the clinical courses and the sites of lesions of two cases were quite similar as follows. They showed no motor deficits and no other abnormal neurological findings from the beginning of the strokes. From the near muteness in the initial stage, speech began to improve gradually. And then, they demonstrated so called transcortical motor aphasia. Namely, repetition and reading aloud were excellent and articulations were normal without phonetic disintegration and dysprosody in contrast to the sparse and limited spontaneous speech. Comprehension was well preserved. Anomia was present and the ability to generate word lists was so poor that, for instance, only two animal names were listed in one minute. Mild to moderate agraphia was present. Agrammatism and buccofacial apraxia were not associated. Afterwards, the two patients showed rapid amelioration. About one month later after the stroke, only a slight difficulty in word finding and mild agraphia remained. In both cases, the lesions confined predominantly to the cortical and subcortical areas in the left posterior part of both the third and the second frontal gyri were confirmed by computerized tomography. According to the evidence from our two cases and to the literature, it may be concluded that the lesion restricted to the posterior part of the third and second frontal gyri in the dominant hemisphere produces a subtype of transcortical motor aphasia and that the lesion restricted to the posterior part of the third frontal gyrus (Broca's area) does not lead to phonetic disintegration. PMID- 7126382 TI - [Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of effects of glycerol on brain edema]. AB - Effects of glycerol on the state of water in edematous brain tissues were studied by the pulse FT NMR technique. Brain edemas were induced experimentally by cold injury and triethyl tin (TET) intoxication in Wistar rats. Ten percent w/v glycerol (1 g/kg body weight) were injected intravenously at 30 minutes before decapitation for the NMR measurements. Transverse relaxation times (T2) in the cerebral gray and white matter were measured by Meiboom-Gill pulse sequence at the resonant frequency of 100 MHz. Water content was calculated from the difference between wet and dry weight after heating in an oven at 95-100 degrees C for 72 hours after the NMR measurements. In the normal brain T2 value was 76.4 msec and 75.4 msec in the gray and white matter respectively. In the edematous brain, T2 separated into two components, one slow and one fast, corresponding with the increase of water content. Values of the slow component (slow T2) were characteristic of both types of brain edema. In the cold injury edema, slow T2 values became 105 msec in the gray matter and 96 msec in the white matter, while in the TET induced edema, it became 450 msec in the white matter. After glycerol infusion, slow T2 became faster in these regions in both types of brain edema, showing 92.1 msec in the gray matter and 88.1 msec in the white matter of the cold injury edema, and 388 msec in the white matter of TET induced edema. The degree of the changes of slow T2 values per unit change of water content was greater in the cold injury edema than in the TET induced edema. Serum osmolality elevated 23.8 mOsmol greater than the control value after glycerol infusion in this experiment. It is concluded from these findings that glycerol retracts free mobile water molecules from the edema fluid by osmotic pressure gradient. PMID- 7126384 TI - Suprasternal cross-sectional echocardiography in assessment of patient ducts arteriosus. AB - Ninety-four patients with patent ductus arteriosus, whose ages ranged from 28 weeks gestation to 8 years, were assessed by suprasternal cross-sectional echocardiography. A further group of 37 cases without a patent ductus arteriosus were assessed by the same technique. The appearances of the ductus via this approach varied according to the ventriculoarterial connections. Reliable assessment of patency was possibly in 87 cases. In seven cases where the ductal lumen was less than 2 mm in size, a false negative diagnosis was made. In the 37 patients without a patent ductus arteriosus, no false positive diagnoses were made. Suprasternal cross-sectional echocardiography enables a reliable assessment of ductal patency, provided the lumen falls within the range of lateral resolution of the equipment being used. PMID- 7126385 TI - Cross-sectional echocardiographic assessment of conditions with atrioventricular valve leaflets attached to the atrial septum at the same level. AB - Ninety two patients with both atrioventricular valves attached to the atrial septum, roofing a perimembranous inlet ventricular septal defect, were assessed by cross-sectional echocardiography. In the group, 42 had an isolated perimembranous inlet ventricular septal defect, 31 had atrioventricular discordance, nine an atrioventricular septal defect with intact interatrial septum, and 10 a straddling atrioventricular valve. In all but those with an atrioventricular septal defect the left atrioventricular valve had the appearance of a morphologically mitral valve. In the former lesion the atrioventricular junction was "sprung" and a cleft between the anterior and posterior bridging leaflets was identified in all. A straddling valve was identified by tensor apparatus from one atrioventricular valve in both ventricular chambers. Atrioventricular discordance was diagnosed by identifying the systemic and pulmonary venous atria and then assessing the morphology of the draining atrioventricular valves. Thus, with cross-sectional echocardiography, the constellation of abnormalities that give rise to lack of offsetting of the atrioventricular valves can be reliably identified. PMID- 7126387 TI - Vasomotor wave and blood pressure response to erect posture after operation for aortic coarctation. AB - Low frequency fluctuations (five to 10/min) in blood pressure, that is vasomotor waves, were recorded in the erect position in 18 patients operated upon for an isolated aortic coarctation six to eight and a half years previously, and compared with vasomotor waves in six age matched normotensive controls with respect to frequency and amplitude. The investigation was carried out by simultaneous intra-arterial blood pressure radiotelemetry recordings from the brachial and femoral arteries in all but four of the controls. While the vasomotor wave frequency and blood pressure response to the erect posture was of the same order in the two groups, a highly significant difference was found with the amplitude of the vasomotor waves, being higher in the controls than in the patients. Furthermore, the results seem to indicate a negative correlation between age at the time of surgical repair and vasomotor wave activity (mmHg/min). It is suggested that the reduced vasmotor wave activity is brought about mainly by a disturbed input (from the baroreceptors) to the brainstem oscillator(s), caused by a combination of preoperative hypertension and prolonged exposure to high blood pressure. PMID- 7126386 TI - Effect of age related changes in chamber size, wall thickness, and heart rate on left ventricular function in normal children. AB - We assessed the effects of age related changes in chamber size, wall thickness, and heart rate of left ventricular function in 78 normal children, aged 1 1/2 to 12 1/2 years, using computer analysis of their left ventricular echocardiograms. Left ventricular cavity size and wall thickness increased linearly with age. Left ventricular fractional shortening, percentage of wall thickening, and the ratio of end-diastolic wall thickness to cavity radius (H/R ratio) did not change with age. Peak Vcf correlated with heart rate and the decrease in heart rate with age resulted in the progressive fall in peak Vcf, while peak rate of left ventricular was thickening remained constant. The peak rate of increase in left ventricular cavity dimension in early diastole varied inversely with heart rate, but independently of cavity size, increasing throughout childhood. The peak rate of wall thinning also increased with age, correlating with wall thickness and not heart rate. Thus, age related increases in left ventricular cavity dimension and wall thickness during the rapid growth period of childhood occurred in such a way that left ventricular architecture (H/R ratio) remained unchanged. This may account for the constancy of regional and cavity systolic function. The greater dependence of diastolic cavity function on heart rate may be explained by the disproportionately greater effect of cardiac cycle length on the duration of diastole and systole. PMID- 7126389 TI - Blood pressure and haemodynamics in teenagers. AB - It has been suggested that a hyperkinetic circulatory state, with high cardiac output, causes high blood pressure in childhood and, secondarily, in adulthood. We studied blood pressure and cardiac output in 319 subjects aged 15 to 19. Blood pressure was measured with an automated device; cardiac output was estimated by M mode echocardiography and indexed by body surface area. The distribution of cardiac output was stratified using quartiles. Mean arterial pressure was virtually constant over these strata, with boys and girls showing essentially the same pattern. Linear regression of mean arterial pressure on cardiac output yielded a coefficient which was not significantly different from zero. A history of high blood pressure in the parents was positively associated with mean arterial pressure, but unrelated to cardiac output, in the offspring. This evidence does not support the hypothesis that the hyperkinetic circulatory state causes high blood pressure in childhood; rather, raised blood pressure in adolescents appears to relate to increased peripheral vascular resistance. Therefore, our findings lend support to the view that change in blood pressure over time is caused by a gradual increase in peripheral resistance beginning early in life. PMID- 7126388 TI - Comparative haemodynamic dose response effects of propranolol and labetalol in coronary heart disease. AB - The immediate haemodynamic dose response effects of beta blockade (propranolol: 2 to 16 mg) were compared with those of combined alpha beta blockade (labetalol: 10 to 80 mg) in a randomised study of 20 patients with stable angina pectoris. After control measurements, the circulatory changes induced by four logarithmically cumulative intravenous boluses of each drug in equivalent beta blocking doses were evaluated at rest, after which comparison of the effects of the maximum cumulative dose of each was undertaken during a four minute period of supine bicycle exercise. Propranolol, at rest, induced significant dose related reductions in heart rate and cardiac output, with reciprocal increases in the systemic vascular resistance and pulmonary artery occluded pressure; systemic arterial pressure was unchanged. Labetalol was followed by significant dose related decreases in systemic blood pressure and vascular resistance associated with a significant increase in cardiac output; heart rate and pulmonary artery occluded pressure were unchanged. The slope of the left ventricular pumping function curve relating output to filling pressure from rest to exercise was significantly depressed by propranolol but unchanged after labetalol. The less deleterious effects on left ventricular haemodynamic performance after alpha beta blockade in contrast to beta blockade alone in ischaemic heart disease may be attributable to the concomitant reduction in left ventricular afterload associated with the alpha blocking activity of labetalol. PMID- 7126392 TI - Successful late non-surgical removal of intracardiac catheter fragment. AB - A patient was discovered to have a retained intracardiac catheter fragment more than two years after successful aortic valve replacement. During this time the patient had had extensive investigations and several hospital admissions for suspected subacute bacterial endocarditis, as well as for episodes of supraventricular tachycardia. The catheter fragment was successfully removed via a percutaneous catheter approach despite the very long interval that had elapsed since its detachment. PMID- 7126391 TI - Severe tricuspid stenosis presenting as tricuspid atresia. Echocargraphic diagnosis and surgical management. AB - Two cases of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum and severe tricuspid stenosis are described in which the initial angiographic diagnosis was tricuspid atresia and pulmonary atresia. Two dimensional echocardiography showed the features of an imperforate tricuspid valve because in each case contrast echocardiography failed to show anterograde flow from the right atrium to right ventricle. Successful radical surgical repair was achieved in one patient with performing a tricuspid valvotomy and inserting an external valved conduit between the hypoplastic right ventricle and the main pulmonary artery. In the second case, an infant died four weeks after tricuspid valvotomy and right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction. PMID- 7126390 TI - Evaluation of drug-induced changes in myocardial repolarisation using the paced evoked response. AB - The use of the pace evoked response system in the assessment of drug-induced changes in myocardial repolarisation is reported. Using a conventional pacing electrode lead for both pacing and sensing, this system records the dominantly local repolarisation which follows a controlled (paced) depolarisation from the same site. Measurements of the latency of the ventricular evoked response at matched heart rates before and after drug administration permit the accurate direct comparison of the effects of drugs with class 3 mode of action on cardiac muscle repolarisation. Using this method we have evaluated the effect on the timing of the evoked T wave of two drugs which are known to prolong phase 2 of the action potential. Intravenous amiodarone (5 mg/kg) prolonged the stimulus peak evoked T wave interval by an average of 39-4 ms (15% of control values); three hours after oral bethanidine (2 mg/kg) this interval increased by an average of 25.8 ms (10% of control values). The effect of therapeutic interventions on the latency of the local paced evoked response provides a simple, accurate assessment of their effect on the cellular action potential duration and constitutes a new tool in electrophysiological investigations. PMID- 7126393 TI - Aortic regurgitation and sinus of Valsalva-right atrial fistula after blunt thoracic trauma. AB - Non-penetrating chest trauma commonly causes a wide variety of cardiac injuries. Disruption of the aortic valve with resultant aortic regurgitation is not uncommon; conversely, a sinus of Valsalva-right atrial fistula, in the absence of a congenital sinus of Valsalva aneurysm, has been reported only once previously. This report describes the detection by preoperative cardiac catheterisation of both aortic regurgitation, and a sinus of Valsalva-right atrial fistula after blunt chest trauma, and its surgical management. The need for preoperative cardiac catheterisation in patients suffering from non-penetrating cardiac trauma is emphasised, even when the diagnosis appears cleas, because of the diverse nature and possible multiplicity of cardiac lesions. PMID- 7126394 TI - Left ventricular function and mitral valve opening in massive pulmonary embolism. AB - M-mode echocardiograms are demonstrated from a patient with subacute massive pulmonary embolism before and after thrombolytic treatment and clinical recovery. Severely impaired left ventricular contraction returned to normal. A reversible reduction in mitral valve opening velocity was also seen and was thought to be in part the result of diminished left atrial filling. This hypothesis was tested experimentally; mitral valve opening velocity was measured in normal subjects and found to be significantly reduced when pulmonary blood flow was impeded during the Valsalva manoeuvre. PMID- 7126395 TI - Status of neonates delivered by elective Caesarean section. AB - A series of 144 elective Caesarean sections is reported. One hundred and five patients had no evidence of placental dysfunction (group A), of whom 57 (40 with vertex presentation) received extradural analgesia. The remaining 39 patients comprised group B. The uterine incision to delivery (U-D) interval was little influenced by presentation, but was longer with extradural block. Among group A patients Apgar-minus-colour scores and the time to sustained respiration after general anaesthesia were poorer than after extradural analgesia, breech presenting infants being prominent in this regard. The contrast was marked when the U-D interval was relatively prolonged. When the U-D interval was less than 90 s the infants born under extradural analgesia were marginally more acidotic than those born under general anaesthesia; in the latter there was a correlation between the duration of the U-D interval and neonatal acidosis, a feature which was not evident in the extradural series. The small numbers of group B cases precluded statistical evaluation, but the results reflected contrasts similar to those found among group A patients. PMID- 7126397 TI - Lumbar sympathetic and coeliac plexus blocks. An anatomical study in cadavers. PMID- 7126396 TI - Investigation of the relationship between heat loss and nitrogen excretion in elderly patients undergoing major abdominal surgery under general anaesthetic. AB - An attempt was made to reduce heat loss in elderly patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Two groups were studied. In one group, efforts were made to minimize heat loss by using a hot-water humidifier in the anaesthetic circuit, a hot-water circulating mattress under the patient and warming all i.v. fluids. Otherwise, the surgical and anaesthetic techniques were comparable. The same anaesthetic technique of nitrous oxide, oxygen, pancuronium and fentanyl with intermittent positive pressure ventilation was used in all cases. Nitrogen loss was measured in urine collected over 48 h from an indwelling urinary catheter inserted soon after induction of anaesthesia. Prevention of heat loss during anaesthesia and postoperative recovery caused a significant reduction in nitrogen loss. PMID- 7126398 TI - Pattern of respiration in patients recovering from barbiturate overdose. AB - Ventilation has been recorded in seven patients who were unconscious following self-poisoning. Measurements were obtained on admission to the hospital and repeated daily until the patients regained consciousness. On admission, recordings were characterized by a low minute ventilation as a result of a low tidal volume in spite of a high frequency of respiration. During the period of recovery tidal volume and minute ventilation increased, whereas frequency decreased. The modifications observed during recovery were the reverse of those noted during the induction of anaesthesia wih barbiturates in man. However, these modifications differ from those observed during induction of anaesthesia in cats. Consequently, as far as respiratory control is concerned, models elaborated in animals cannot be extrapolated to deeply anaesthetized human subjects. PMID- 7126399 TI - I.m. or i.v. atropine or glycopyrrolate for the prevention of oculocardiac reflex in children undergoing squint surgery. AB - The frequency and nature of the oculocardiac reflex and its prevention by atropine or glycopyrrolate (i.m. and i.v.) has been studied in 160 children undergoing surgery for the correction of squint. Ninety per cent of those given no anticholinergic premedication exhibited the reflex. This was decreased to about 50% in those receiving the drugs i.m. Glycopyrrolate 7.5 micrograms kg-1 and atropine 15 micrograms kg-1 i.v. were effective in most instances, the latter being slightly better. However, glycopyrrolate was associated with tachycardia of smaller magnitude. The reflex was observed more often following traction on the medial rectus muscle. PMID- 7126400 TI - Does atropine premedication affect the cardiovascular response to laryngoscopy and intubation? PMID- 7126401 TI - Preoperative starvation and blood glucose concentrations in children undergoing inpatient and outpatient anaesthesia. AB - Blood glucose concentrations were measured in 82 children undergoing inpatient anaesthesia and in 46 children undergoing anaesthesia as outpatients. The children were aged between 6 months and 9 yr. Outpatients were fasted from bedtime, while inpatients were randomly allocated to two groups. In group A the children were fasted from bedtime, whereas in group B the children were fed 6 h before anaesthesia. There was no difference in mean blood glucose concentration between the fasted inpatients and outpatients nor between children younger than, or older than, 4 years of age. A blood glucose concentration of less than 40 mg dl-1 was found in only one of the fasted children (1%). The mean blood glucose concentration was greater in group B than A, but only significantly so for children older than 4 yr. It is concluded that to minimize the risks of hypoglycaemia and inhalation of vomit on induction of anaesthesia children older than 6 months should be fasted overnight and operated on in the morning. PMID- 7126402 TI - A mobile intensive care unit based on a standard ambulance trolley bed. AB - An inexpensive, versatile Mobile Intensive Care Unit is described. By designing the unit around a standard ambulance trolley no running costs are incurred in the maintenance of a purpose-built unit based on an ambulance used purely for this purpose. The equipment is portable and compact and can be transported by any available means, including a taxi, to the referring hospital. Only when the patient is ready for transfer is an ambulance asked for, making the minimum use of emergency ambulance time. It contains all the equipment necessary to monitor and ventilate artificially a critically ill patient during transfer and all the drugs and disposables to treat any emergencies that may arise in this period. PMID- 7126403 TI - Efferent vagal discharge and heart rate in response to methohexitone, althesin, ketamine and etomidate in cats. AB - The effects of methohexitone, Althesin, ketamine and etomidate on single fibre discharge of cardiac vagal efferents and on heart rate were studied in cats. Cardiac vagal efferents were inhibited markedly and regularly for equihypnotic doses of methohexitone (2.0 mg kg-1), Althesin (0.1 ml kg-1) and ketamine (5.0 mg kg-1), but not of etomidate (0.8 mg kg-1). These inhibitory effects were independent of arterial pressure and mirrored the increases of heart rate elicited by the first three agents. Etomidate did not consistently affect cardiac vagal discharge or heart rate. Thus methohexitone. Althesin and ketamine inhibit efferent cardiac vagal drive by their central action independently of baroreflex function. This central vagolysis is probably the cause of their positive chronotropic effects. PMID- 7126404 TI - Dural permeability to narcotics: in vitro determination and application to extradural administration. AB - The permeability of cranial and lumbar dura to various substances including a number of narcotic analgesics was measured in vitro. Preliminary data On human postmortem material is reported. Permeability had a linear relation to the inverse of the square root of molecular weight. This is the expected relationship for a diffusion process dependent upon molecular weight. The differential mass selectivity coefficients for lumbar and cranial dura were calculated; they were similar at 0.8 and 0.9. This was greater than for diffusion in simple liquids, but much less than that for biological lipid membranes. This suggests that the low rates of diffusion are a property of the thickness of the dura rather than any inherent impermeability. A simple model for the dural transfer of drugs is described, and applied to narcotics. Its purposes were to suggest: the factors involved in the dural transfer of drugs; the physicochemical properties of drugs relevant to their dural transfer; worthwhile measurements in future studies. The model indicates that drug molecular weight and rate of absorption are important determinants of the efficiency of dural transfer. Low molecular weight and slow absorption produce high dural transfers. When applied to narcotics, these factors could produce a difference of up to an order of magnitude in the amount transferred directly across the dura. PMID- 7126405 TI - Proceedings of the Anaesthetic Research Society. Cardiff meeting, July 2, 1982. Abstracts. PMID- 7126406 TI - Pentolinium in postoperative hypertension. PMID- 7126407 TI - Adverse responses to i.v. anaesthetics. PMID- 7126408 TI - Cyanide release from nitroprusside. PMID- 7126409 TI - Extradural buprenorphine. PMID- 7126410 TI - The influence of the menstrual cycle on the metabolism and clearance of methaqualone. AB - 1 The rate of methaqualone metabolism in women was shown to be significantly increased at the time of ovulation. 2 The apparent first order rate constants for the formation of five C-monohydroxy metabolites of methaqualone on day 15 of the menstrual cycle were approximately double that on day 1. 3 The N-oxidation of methaqualone showed considerable inter-individual variation in its sensitivity to the menstrual cycle, and in a group of ten women the difference in N-oxide excretion between days 1 and 15 was not statistically significant. 4 The serum clearance of methaqualone on day 15 was higher (mean value 94.6 ml min-1 on day 1, 176.0 ml min-1 on day 15), serum half-life shorter (mean t1/2 beta 16.3 h on day 1, 11.6 h on day 15) and the AUC alpha smaller (mean value 44.0 micrograms ml 1 h on day 1, 24.4 micrograms ml-1 h on day 15) than on day 1. 5 The relative importance of the five hydroxy metabolites was unchanged during the menstrual cycle but the C/N oxidation ratio was greater on day 15 than on day 1. 6 The data for methaqualone metabolism in a control group of men was similar to than in women on day 1 of a menstrual cycle. PMID- 7126411 TI - The influence of oral contraceptives on the metabolism of methaqualone in man. AB - 1 Oral contraceptives were shown to suppress the mid-cycle increase in methaqualone metabolism observed in premenopausal women not receiving oral contraceptive therapy. No women were identified in whom this suppression was not observed. 2 Combined oestrogen-progestogen contraceptives produced the effect in all nine women studied. The effect was also observed in one woman who was receiving progestogen-only contraceptives. 3 The effect of the combined contraceptives was observed within one month of the commencement of the contraceptive therapy. 4 The results emphasise the need to monitor the effect of the menstrual cycle in women not receiving oral contraceptive therapy when the effects of such therapy is studied. 5 These effects are more likely to be the consequence of an inhibition of hormonal control of hepatic metabolic activity by the synthetic steroids than they are to simple inhibition of hepatic metabolism. PMID- 7126412 TI - The minimum effective analgetic blood concentration of pethidine in patients with intractable pain. AB - 1 Pethidine infusions were performed in 16 patients with intractable pain in order to define a minimum effective analgetic blood concentration (MEAC) range. 2 Pethidine blood concentrations at the return of pain following a period of analgesia were considered to provide a more useful estimation of the MEAC than that at the onset of analgesia. 3. The MEAC range found in 15 of the 16 patients was 0.10 mg/l to 0.82 mg/l (median 0.25 mg/l). The intravenous dose of pethidine used in this study did not provide analgesia in one patient. 4 If the MEAC was greater than 0.40 mg/l in any patient, then additional techniques were required to provide adequate long term analgesia, e.g. destructive neurolytic techniques or antidepressant therapy. 5 The pharmacokinetic properties of pethidine found in the majority of these patients were in the range considered to be normal. 6 The clinical pharmacokinetic properties of pethidine found in the majority of these patients were in the range considered to be normal. 6 The clinical pharmacokineticist has in important role to play in the investigation, diagnosis and treatment of patients with intractable pain by detecting those patients with atypical pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic characteristics towards analgesic drugs. PMID- 7126413 TI - An oral preparation to release drugs in the human colon. AB - 1 A colonic delivery system is described to deliver orally ingested drugs to the colon and release them at that site by coating with an acrylic based resin (Eudragit S). The technique is validated using X-ray evidence and serum levels of a convenient marker, sulphapyridine. 2 This colonic delivery system is particularly suitable for drugs such as 5-amino salicylic acid or steroids in the management of patients with colitis. PMID- 7126414 TI - The effect of a combination of timolol, hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride on 24 hour blood pressure control using ambulatory intra-arterial monitoring. AB - 1 The effectiveness of fixed combination tablets of timolol 10 mg, hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg and amiloride 2.5 mg (Moducren) once daily in the control of blood pressure has been assessed in fully ambulant hypertensives by the technique of continuous intra-arterial recording. Highly significant blood pressure reduction (P less than 0.001) was obtained consistently throughout the whole day, confirming the potency and usefulness of the preparation for those patients who need more than one drug to control their blood pressure. 2 Blood pressure responses to both isometric and dynamic forms of exercise were also significantly lowered by combination therapy. 3 The addition of a diuretic to a beta-adrenoceptor blocker appears to be an advantage if the aim of treatment in hypertension is 24 h blood pressure control. PMID- 7126415 TI - Altered disposition and availability of cimetidine in liver cirrhotic patients. AB - 1 The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of cimetidine were studied after 200 mg oral and intravenous doses in 14 patients with liver cirrhosis, and results were compared to a control group of 12 ulcer patients. 2 In cirrhotic patients, the volume of the central compartment (0.41 +/- 0.06 v 0.19 +/- 0.09 1/kg) and the volume of distribution at steady-state (1.02 +/- 0.17 v 0.80 +/- 0.24 1/kg) were significantly increased. No differences were observed in the area volume of distribution, the total systemic plasma clearance and renal clearance. The non renal clearance was significantly decreased from 191 +/- 46 to 123 +/- 102 ml/min. 3 The bioavailability of cimetidine (area method) was significantly increased from 60 +/- 23% to 77 /+- 18% in the cirrhotic patients. Also increased was the time during which plasma levels exceeded 0.5 microgram/ml. 4 Urinary excretion of cimetidine was increased in liver cirrhosis by 32% after intravenous and by 36% after oral administration, while the amount of the sulphoxide metabolite decreased accordingly. Creatinine clearance in the cirrhotic patients was highly correlated with the renal clearance of cimetidine as well as its total plasma clearance. PMID- 7126416 TI - Pharmacokinetics of mexiletine in renal insufficiency. AB - 1 The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of renal insufficiency on the plasma pharmacokinetics of mexiletine, a new antiarrhythmic agent, in human beings. 2 Mexiletine was administered orally three times daily for 10 days to 15 patients with chronic renal failure (creatinine clearance lower than 30 ml/min) and to 9 subjects with normal renal function. 3 The use of low doses of mexiletine was possible owing to the development of a new fluorescence h.p.l.c. method with a limit of sensitivity lower than 20 gn/ml. 4 Our results clearly indicate that the plasma kinetics of mexiletine are not modified when the renal clearance of creatinine is higher than 10 ml/min. PMID- 7126417 TI - Atenolol reduces blood pressure and FEV in normal subjects. PMID- 7126418 TI - Diuretic induced hypokalaemia: relationship to dosage interval and plasma aldosterone. AB - Plasma potassium and aldosterone responses to 9 days treatment with hydrochlorothiazide (100 mg/day) alone or in combination with spironolactone (100 mg/day), prescribed once daily or in doses 12 h apart, were examined in a double blind, crossover study in twelve healthy subjects. Plasma potassium concentrations were lower when the drugs were administered 12 h apart (P less than 0.01). Spironolactone attenuated significantly hydrochlorothiazide induced hypokalaemia--mean rise in plasma potassium, 0.36 mmol/l (P less than 0.001). The increase in plasma aldosterone was greater following combination therapies (P less than 0.001), but there were no significant differences between once daily and twice daily regimens. We conclude that plasma potassium concentration is better maintained when diuretics are given once daily and that this is not related closely to differences in plasma aldosterone responses. PMID- 7126419 TI - The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of mebendazole in man: a pilot study using [3H]-mebendazole. AB - Following the intravenous administration of a tracer dose (1.7 microgram) of [3H] mebendazole to a man, an elimination half-life of 1.16 h was observed and the volume of distribution was calculated to be 2.03 l/kg. After oral administration of the same dose, an elimination half-life of 0.74 h was observed. The bioavailability of mebendazole from the solution was found to be 17%. PMID- 7126420 TI - Alteration of plasma prednisolone levels by indomethacin and naproxen. AB - Eleven patients with stable rheumatoid disease (RD) who were receiving regular corticosteroid therapy (CS) were investigated to discover the effect on plasma prednisolone levels of additional therapy with the non-steroidal anti inflammatory (NSAI) drugs, indomethacin and naproxen. There was a highly significant (P less than 0.001) increase in free prednisolone levels after concurrent therapy with either indomethacin or naproxen for 2 weeks. Total prednisolone levels were unchanged. These results could provide an explanation for clinical reports that these two NSAI drugs possess a steroid-sparing effect. PMID- 7126421 TI - The use of aminophylline by inhalation. PMID- 7126422 TI - A pharmacological method for measuring the penetration of topical mydriatic drugs in man. PMID- 7126423 TI - Plasma CEA in the post-surgical monitoring of colorectal carcinoma. AB - This paper reports the findings of the M.R.C., study into the use of the plasma CEA test for early detection of recurrence following "successful" surgery for colorectal carcinoma. This study was set up in 1973, and represents the largest series of patients published on this topic. It was primarily prospective, 468 patients being entered at the time of, or after the initial diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma. Follow-up was for at least 2 years, and both initially and throughout the follow-up the clinician treating the patient was kept "blind" to the patient's plasma CEA level. The general conclusion is that the CEA test provides a useful additional tool for the early detection of recurrence in these patients. Sixty-five per cent of patients with recurrence showed a raised plasma CEA level, and over half the patients who developed recurrence had a raised level some time before the disease was detected by other means. A surprising number of patients had a raised CEA level on a single occasion which subsequently returned to normal at the next follow-up and did not seem to be associated with malignancy. The problems associated with this type of study and their limiting effect on interpretation are discussed. PMID- 7126424 TI - Polymorphically acetylated aminoglutethimide in humans. AB - The urinary excretion during 24 h of aminoglutethimide (AG) its major metabolite (N-acetylAG) and two minor metabolites (N-formylAG and nitroG) were measured in 10 volunteers given AG who had been typed for acetylator phenotype using sulphadimidine. The slow acetylators of sulphadimidine excreted more AG (mean 28% of the administered dose) than did the fast acetylators (12%), but the latter excreted more of the dose as N-acetylAG (8.8%) than did the former (3.9%). NitroG and N-formylAG were minor urinary metabolites of AG in humans. The former was more abundant in the urine of slow acetylators (0.10% of the dose) than in that of fast acetylators (0.047%), whereas the respective proportions of doses excreted as the N-formyl derivative (0.475 and 0.465%) were not significantly different for the two acetylator phenotypes. These results show that AG is among those drugs that are polymorphically acetylated in humans. PMID- 7126426 TI - Practical experience of randomization in cancer trials: an international survey. AB - The results from an international survey of 15 major cancer centres have clarified how randomization is being implemented in cancer trials. As regards the mechanics of obtaining treatment assignment for each patient a system of telephone registration to a central randomization office was widely used. We also advise formal checks for patient eligibility immediately before treatment assignment, and subsequent written confirmation of randomization to the investigators. As regards statistical methods, stratification of randomization by one or two prognostic factors (and institution in multicentre trials) is commonplace. Most centres used the standard approach of random permuted blocks within strata though some others used "dynamic" institution-balancing or "minimization" methods instead. The value of stratified allocation is chiefly for the trial's credibility in having comparable treatment groups, rather than for statistical efficiency. One should avoid overstratification and use only the really important prognostic factors. One essential is that randomization should in practice work for every patient, so undue complexity is to be avoided. PMID- 7126425 TI - Severe hypovitaminosis C in lung-cancer patients: the utilization of vitamin C in surgical repair and lymphocyte-related host resistance. AB - Plasma and buffy-coat vitamin C were estimated in 158 samples from 139 lung cancer patients, at all stages of the disease. Most samples showed hypovitaminosis C in both estimations: 64% had plasma, and 25% buffy-coat values below the thresholds for incipient clinical scurvy (0.3 mg% and 10 micrograms/10(8) cells respectively). Levels were diet-dependent and could be increased by oral supplements. Levels were low both in tumour-bearing patients and in those clinically free of disease after resection. The latter had particularly low values during the first 6 months, indicating the utilization of vitamin C in surgical repair. The vitamin C content of 13 primary lung tumours was assayed: tumours had a higher vitamin C content (mean 111.6 +/- 55.1 micrograms/g tissue) than normal lung (58.5 +/- 20.4 micrograms/g). Mononuclear cells from normal individuals show a higher vitamin C content than polymorphs, but in lung-cancer patients the expected correlation of buffy-coat vitamin C with the proportion of lymphocytes in peripheral blood was obscured by an inverse correlation in patients with relative lymphocytosis (greater than or equal to 25% lymphocytes), confirmed by an inverse correlation of the proportion of lymphocytes in peripheral blood with mononuclear-cell vitamin C in 14 patients in whom this was measured. These correlations were unaffected by controlling for plasma values, and indicate the utilization of vitamin C in lymphocyte-related anti-tumour mechanisms. Vitamin C is necessary for phagocytosis and for the expression of cell-mediated immunity. In view of the increasing circumstantial evidence that immune mechanisms exert some measure of control on tumour extension and metastasis in man, the effect of supplementation with vitamin C in lung cancer patients on survival should be tested in a clinical trial. PMID- 7126427 TI - Cell turnover in the "resting" human breast: influence of parity, contraceptive pill, age and laterality. AB - Morphological identification of cell multiplication (mitosis) and cell deletion (apoptosis) within the lobules of the "resting" human breast is used to assess the response of the breast parenchyma to the menstrual cycle. The responses are shown to have a biorhythm in phase with the menstrual cycle, with a 3-day separation of the mitotic and apoptotic peaks. The study fails to demonstrate significant differences in the responses between groups defined according to parity, contraceptive-pill use or presence of fibroadenoma. However, significant differences are found in the apoptotic response according to age and laterality. The results highlight the complexity of modulating influences on breast parenchymal turnover in the "resting" state, and prompt the investigation of other factors as well as steroid hormones and prolactin in the promotion of mitosis. The factors promoting apoptosis in the breast are still not clear. PMID- 7126428 TI - Early and late morphological changes (including carcinoma of the urothelium) induced by irradiation of the rat urinary bladder. AB - Effects of X-irradiating the urinary bladder of female F344 rats with a single dose of 20 Gy were studied by light and electron microscopy. The animals were killed 1 week-20 months post-irradiation, and all tissues of the bladder wall were found to be affected by the irradiation. In the urothelium, damage was initially restricted to the basal cells but slowly extended to intermediate cells, and by 6 months post-irradiation the urothelium was focally hyperplastic. Twenty months post-irradiation, transitional-cell carcinomas were found in 10 of the surviving 17 animals (59%). The blood vessels in the bladder wall showed damage to both the endothelial cells and the smooth muscle. The fibroblasts in the connective tissue of the bladder wall appeared to show increased secretion after irradiation, and there was abundant collagen deposition, resulting in severe fibrosis of the bladder wall. After a latent period of a few months, focal degeneration and extensive necrosis of the smooth muscle cells were seen, leading to severe destruction and disorganization of the muscular coats of the bladder wall. Thus, a single dose of irradiation of 20 Gy was sufficient to produce severe fibrosis of the bladder wall with smooth muscle degeneration and to induce carcinoma of the urothelium in most of the treated animals within 20 months. PMID- 7126429 TI - Enhancement by bracken of induction of tumours of the upper alimentary tract by N propyl-N-nitrosourethan. AB - The effect of bracken on the induction of tumours of the upper alimentary tract by N-propyl-N-nitrosourethan (PNU) was studied in 7-week-old ACI rats. Group I received a solution of 400 pts/10(6) of PNU in their drinking water for 6 weeks; Groups II and III were given PNU as in Group I, and then from 1 week later were fed on diets containing 5 and 30% bracken, respectively, for 33 weeks; Groups IV and V were fed on diets containing 5 and 30% bracken, respectively, for 33 weeks, from 14 weeks after birth. A control group was given basal diet and water only. The experiment was terminated after 40 weeks. The induction of tumours of the upper alimentary tract by PNU was enhanced by bracken diet; i.e. the incidence of pharyngeal tumours in male rats was significantly higher (P less than 0.025) in Group II (10/13) than in Group I (3/13). The incidence and multiplicity of oesophageal tumours in female rats were also higher in Group III than in Group I (P less than 0.025 for incidence; P less than 0.05 for multiplicity). Histologically, the oesophageal tumours in female rats in Groups II and III were not only papillomas but also squamous-cell carcinomas, whereas those in females of Group I were all papillomas. Furthermore, the incidence of tumours of the forestomach in female rats was also higher (P less than 0.05) in Group II (11/13) than in Group I (4/12). PMID- 7126430 TI - Metabolism of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate by rats bearing the Walker 256 carcinosarcoma. PMID- 7126432 TI - Histological grading and clinical stage at presentation in breast carcinoma. PMID- 7126431 TI - Effect of C. parvum on the number and activity of macrophages in primary and transplanted murine fibrosarcomas. PMID- 7126434 TI - The importance of aerosol technique: does speed of inhalation matter? PMID- 7126433 TI - The British Association for Cancer Research, 23rd annual general meeting. Edinburgh 29--31 March 1982. Abstracts. PMID- 7126435 TI - Pressurized bronchodilator aerosol technique: influence of breath-holding time and relationship of inhaler to the mouth. PMID- 7126436 TI - A retrospective comparison of ampicillin and amoxycillin in chest infections. PMID- 7126437 TI - 5. Breathing in and breathing out. PMID- 7126439 TI - Assessment of optimum dose of inhaled terbutaline in patients with chronic asthma: the use of simple, cumulative dose-response curves. PMID- 7126438 TI - Late endobronchial metastasis from ovarian tumour. PMID- 7126440 TI - An exercise test to assess clinical dyspnoea: estimation of reproducibility and sensitivity. AB - A new test for assessing clinical dyspnoea with greater precision has been devised. This involves walking on a treadmill while ventilation is measured and dyspnoea is assessed serially with visual analogue scales. The test has been applied successfully in patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema and in asthmatic patients. The reproducibility of the test was determined by comparing identical periods of exercise separated by an interval of five days in patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema. The relationship between dyspnoea and ventilation showed acceptable within-patient reproducibility. The sensitivity of the test was investigated in asthmatic patients by comparing exercise after placebo and after salbutamol which had increased PEFR by a mean of 33%. After salbutamol, lower breathlessness scores usually occurred for a given level of ventilation and this indicates that the test was sensitive enough to detect an effective treatment. Thus more precise assessment of dyspnoea in patients is feasible and generally reliable. However, a proportion of patients respond unpredictably and it is necessary to apply this test critically and with an appreciation of its limitations. PMID- 7126441 TI - Errors in the estimation of vital capacity from expiratory flow-volume curves in pulmonary emphysema. PMID- 7126442 TI - Antituberculosis drug levels after jejunoileal bypass. PMID- 7126443 TI - Pulmonary berylliosis: report on a fatal case. AB - A fatal case of pulmonary berylliosis in a 59-year-old male is described. Three months after a heavy exposure to the dust of broken fluorescent light bulbs he developed severe respiratory distress with bilateral lower zone opacities on the chest radiograph. Histological examination of a lung biopsy revealed inflammatory changes with a granulomatous component and some necrosis. The diagnosis of berylliosis was confirmed by determination of beryllium in lung tissue by chemical analysis. Two years after the onset of symptoms the patient died of respiratory failure. PMID- 7126444 TI - Microscopic tumour emboli from carcinoma of the prostate. PMID- 7126445 TI - Severe acute asthma--a problem patient. PMID- 7126446 TI - Pleural mesothelioma: diagnosis by trephine biopsy. PMID- 7126447 TI - Left vocal cord paralysis and chronic obstructive airways disease. PMID- 7126448 TI - A serological marker for neonatal lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7126449 TI - Antigenicity of premelanosomes and melanoma cytotoxic activity demonstrated by spleen mononuclear cells of melanoma-bearing hamster. PMID- 7126450 TI - Effect of ageing on the blistering of human skin with ammonium hydroxide. PMID- 7126452 TI - The persistence of allergic contact sensitivity: a 10-year follow-up in 100 patients. PMID- 7126451 TI - Formation of UV-induced apoptosis relates to the cell cycle. AB - The relationship of the rate of epidermal proliferation to ultraviolet (UV) induced cell death, namely sunburn cell (SC) formation, was investigated in vivo using the guinea-pig model. The number of SCs was correlated with (1) cellophane tape stripping which stimulates the proliferation rate and (2) treatment with antimitotic and antimetabolic agents which suppress the proliferation rate. The tape stripping performed 14 h before UV irradiation significantly increased the number of SCs counted 24 h after UV irradiation from a mean of 17.4 to 62.6 per section, and the tritiated thymidine (TdR-3H)-labelling index (LI) increased from a mean of 8.1 to 27.4%. SC counts and LI were markedly decreased by the intradermal injection of colchicine, methotrexate, hydroxyurea or 5-fluorouracil given once immediately after the tape stripping. The autoradiographic study showed that 23.2% of SCs were labelled when TdR-3H was given intradermally 1 h before UV exposure, while no SCs were labelled when TdR-3H was given immediately after UV exposure. The labelled SC count (23.2%) which presumably represents S phase cells at the time of UV exposure, was higher than the LI (mean 8.1%). These results suggest that proliferating cells, possibly S phase cells, may be responsible for SC formation. PMID- 7126453 TI - Cryosurgery in cutaneous leishmaniasis. AB - Thirty patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis were treated with cryotherapy using a CO2 cryomachine and all were cured without noticeable scarring within 4-5 weeks, with no relapse. Histopathological examination showed that cryotherapy eradicated all parasites in less than 1 hour. Leishmania tropica, L. ethiopica and L. brasiliensis are all markedly thermosensitive and thus cryotherapy seems parasiticidal to all types. Adequate cryotreatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis will preclude the development of mucocutaneous extension, and its use in mucocutaneous disease is also recommended. PMID- 7126454 TI - The pharmacological variability of crude coal tar. PMID- 7126455 TI - Multiple cutaneous leiomyomata and erythrocytosis with demonstration of erythropoietic activity in the cutaneous leiomyomata. PMID- 7126456 TI - How does PUVA inhibit delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity? PMID- 7126457 TI - An optical study of human hair colour in normal and abnormal conditions. PMID- 7126458 TI - A human model for assaying comedolytic substances. PMID- 7126459 TI - Androgenic effect of testosterone and some of its metabolites in relation to their biotransformation in the skin. PMID- 7126460 TI - Relationship between plasma testosterone and dihydrotestosterone concentrations and male facial hair growth. AB - Linear facial hair growth and the density of facial hair were measured by a photographic method and their relationship to plasma testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) concentrations was examined in twelve healthy men. In addition, we investigated eight men with coeliac disease in whom we have previously demonstrated reversible androgen resistance. The divergence of plasma T (increased) and DHT (decreased) concentrations in this condition enabled examination of possible independent actions of these androgens on facial hair growth. Linear facial hair growth was significantly reduced in coeliac patients compared with controls and correlated with plasma DHT but not with plasma T concentration. Conversely, hair density was significantly greater in coeliacs than controls and correlated only with plasma T concentration. These abnormalities of facial hair growth and hair density appeared more marked in treated patients receiving a gluten-free diet. These findings suggest that T and DHT may have independent roles in the control of male facial hair growth, i.e. T for hair follicle priming and DHT for promotion of linear growth. The relationship between hair growth abnormalities in coeliac disease and withdrawal of dietary gluten requires further investigation. PMID- 7126462 TI - Melanoma regression: is it always spontaneous? PMID- 7126461 TI - Biochemical analysis of dermal glycosaminoglycans in psoriasis. PMID- 7126463 TI - Lichen planus, primary biliary cirrhosis and penicillamine. PMID- 7126467 TI - Initial characterization of human platelet mepacrine-labelled granules isolated using a short metrizamide gradient. AB - A method for the purification of human platelet mepacrine-labelled granules is described. Characterization of these isolated granules allowed them to be identified as the serotonin storage organelles or dense bodies. Each step of the purification procedure has been controlled in order to obtain a minimum of leakage of the granule content during initial isolation of the platelets from the blood, the platelet washing procedures, and platelet lysis and the subcellular separation. A key step in the procedure was the centrifugation of the labelled granules across a short, discontinuous metrizamide gradient. The pellet of isolated mepacrine-fluorescent granules consisted almost entirely of granules with the typical appearance of dense bodies, as shown by electron microscopy, and was relatively free from membranes and other granule populations as evaluated by the presence of the different markers (tritiated lectin, beta-glucuronidase, monoamine oxidase, platelet factor 4). The method is simple, reproducible and allows the highest enrichment in dense bodies obtained hitherto with human platelets: x 177 in calcium and x 115 in [14C]serotonin after fractionation of [14C]serotonin-labelled whole platelets. Functional studies performed with the isolated granules showed that they rapidly accumulated [14C]serotonin. PMID- 7126464 TI - Hepatocyte iron kinetics in the rat explored with an iron chelator. AB - The hepatocyte metabolism of 59Fe-labelled ferritin, haemoglobin-haptoglobin and transferrin has been examined in rats. All three forms of 59Fe became transiently available to desferrioxamine (DF) at the time they would otherwise have entered storage or alternative pathways of iron metabolism. However, differences in both the patterns of spontaneous 59Fe reutilization by normal and iron deficient rats and the partition of chelate iron excretion between bile and urine, suggested that iron in transit within hepatocytes did not behave as a single common pool. Ferritin 59Fe, entering a pool of non-radioactive iron the size of which is determined by liver iron stores, was chelated predominantly into the bile. Transferrin 59Fe was distinguished by a greater reflux to the erythron in iron deficient rats, and by excretion of a larger proportion of 59Fe chelated by DF in the urine. Haemoglobin-haptoglobin 59Fe followed a metabolic pathway which was relatively independent of both the iron stores and DF. If the heterogeneous behaviour of rat hepatocyte transit iron has a parallel in man, alterations in the size of similar chelatable iron pools could explain the dependence of DF induced urine and faecal iron excretion on both liver iron stores and the level of erythropoiesis. PMID- 7126468 TI - Serotonin uptake and storage in human platelet density subpopulations. AB - Serotonin uptake and storage were studied in human platelet density subpopulations which were isolated after isopycnic centrifugation on a discontinuous iso-osmolar stractan gradient. Kinetic parameters of the serotonin uptake were calculated (Km, Vi max) and the granular storage capacity was determined by comparing the total amount taken up in the presence or absence of reserpine, a specific inhibitor of the uptake at the granular level. Mean platelet volume and the number of mepacrine-labelled dense bodies were also determined. The results show that the active metabolic process of serotonin uptake is identical whatever the platelet subpopulation but the storage capacity is greater in the densest fraction which contains more dense bodies than the lightest one. Thus active serotonin uptake appears as another well-defined platelet metabolic process which is independent of platelet density; this argues against the conception that light platelets could be old platelets with reduced functional capacities. PMID- 7126465 TI - G gamma and a gamma globin chain synthesis in bone marrow and peripheral blood of beta-thalassaemia homozygotes. AB - G gamma, A gamma and beta globin chain synthesis has been investigated in the peripheral blood and bone marrow from eight beta-thalassaemia homozygotes. In five out of eight cases total gamma chain synthesis was higher in the peripheral blood than in the bone marrow; in seven out of eight cases A gamma chain synthesis was markedly higher in the marrow than in the peripheral blood. These data suggest that ineffective erythropoiesis selects F-cells synthesizing the largest amounts of G gamma chains, while A gamma producing cells are preferentially destroyed in the marrow. PMID- 7126466 TI - The influence of the 'collection injury' on the survival and distribution of indium-111-labeled canine platelets. AB - The extent of the 'collection injury' sustained by platelets during labelling with In-111-oxine was investigated in three matched pairs of beagle dogs. The influence of the procedure on the survival, kinetics, in vivo distribution and fate of the labelled platelets was determined by serial blood sampling and quantitative computerized scintillation camera studies. Injured labelled platelets were removed in the matched dog acting as a biological filter. The survival, distribution and fate of the 'filtered' and 'unfiltered' platelets were compared. The mean platelet lifespan of the 'filtered' and 'unfiltered' platelets did not differ significantly, but the shape of the survival curve of the filtered platelets fitted a linear function more closely than that of the unfiltered platelets. Radioactivity in the different organs and regions was serially quantitated and expressed as a percentage of whole body radioactivity. Splenic and hepatic radioactivity of filtered and unfiltered platelets did not differ significantly at equilibrium or at the end of platelet lifespan. It is concluded that the currently employed isolation and labelling techniques for platelets are suitable for quantitative in vivo studies with a computerized scintillation camera system. The shape of platelet survival curves should, however, be interpreted with some caution as it may be influenced by these procedures. PMID- 7126469 TI - Haemostasis in heat stroke. AB - A patient with moderately severe heat stroke was studied with particular attention to changes in haemostasis. Activation of fibrinolysis, a probable failure of hepatic synthesis of coagulation factors and severe thrombocytopenia were observed, but there was no definite evidence for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). It is suggested, however, that in heat stroke of greater severity the more extensive tissue breakdown may lead to DIC. If DIC is superimposed on the above changes in haemostasis it is likely to be both sudden and overwhelming. PMID- 7126470 TI - Effect of hydrocortisone on the growth of human bone marrow fibroblasts. AB - Fibroblast-like cells may be grown from human bone marrow. Adherent cultures show a logarithmic phase of growth lasting 6 d. Hydrocortisone (1 x 10(-8) M) decreases cell growth in 40-60% when measured as cell number and DNA synthesis. Fibroblasts bind the hormone by a high affinity, saturable process showing a Kd of 2.2 x 10(-8) M and an average binding capacity of 92 fmol/mg protein. These findings suggest the involvement of glucocorticoids in the regulation and differentiation processes in bone marrow stromal cells. PMID- 7126471 TI - Haematopoietic stimulators in the serum of patients with severe aplastic anaemia. AB - Recent studies on sera from patients with aplastic anaemia show it to contain both stimulators and inhibitors of granulopoiesis. We have examined the serum of patients with aplastic anaemia in a short-term liquid culture system of human bone marrow which permits CFU-C proliferation. Increases in CFU-GM numbers over control values were observed with aplasia sera. All sera produced increased megakaryopoiesis, but no alteration in growth of the fibroblasts and macrophages of the adherent stromal layer. With one exception the sera had no significant direct colony stimulating activity when assayed in agar culture, but increased colony numbers were observed when the sera was incorporated into a sub-optimal feeder layer of peripheral blood leucocytes. When aplastic serum was added to adherent cell-depleted liquid cultures, the CFU-C stimulating property was lost, but increased megakaryopoiesis still occurred. These results indicate the presence of a direct-acting thrombopoietin and an indirect-acting stimulator of CFU-C proliferation in the serum of patients with aplastic anaemia, which may be related to the pathophysiology of the condition. PMID- 7126472 TI - Long-term evaluation of knee-joint function after synovectomy in haemophilia. PMID- 7126473 TI - Chromosomes in paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria. PMID- 7126474 TI - Autoimmune thrombocytopenia in neoplastic disease. PMID- 7126475 TI - Erythrocyte deformability changes in normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia. PMID- 7126476 TI - Myelodysplastic syndromes: is another classification necessary? PMID- 7126477 TI - The significance of haemoglobin H in patients with mental retardation or myeloproliferative disease. PMID- 7126478 TI - Staging patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PMID- 7126479 TI - The 5a-chromosome abnormality in haematological disorders: a collaborative study of 34 cases from the Netherlands. PMID- 7126481 TI - Haematological aspects of life with an ileostomy. AB - The haematological aspects of life with an ileostomy have been studies in 51 patients, of whom 39 had had ulcerative colitis and 12 had Crohn's disease. The findings in these patients have been compared with those in 39 healthy volunteers who were matched for age and sex with the 39 patient who had had ulcerative colitis. There was evidence of a mild degree of iron deficiency in the patients with an ileostomy. This was partly due to a pre-existing iron deficiency resulting from their preceding illness and operation, as the abnormality was less pronounced in the patients in whom the ileostomy had been established for more than 3 years. There was some evidence of excessive iron loss and a controlled trial of ferrous fumurate showed that the iron deficiency was largely corrected by this means. Circulating levels of vitamin B12 were normal, but it is relevant that some of the Crohn's disease group were receiving parenteral supplements. The absorption of vitamin B12 wa low in the patients with Crohn's disease who had had an ileal resection of more than 17 cm. The absorption of vitamin B12 in the patients who had had ulcerative colitis was increased and possible mechanisms are discussed. All but one of the patients had normal levels of plasma folate and in all the red cell blood folate was normal, which can be taken as an indication of a good dietary intake and adequate absorption. PMID- 7126482 TI - Studies on the partition of transferrin-donated iron in rabbit reticulocytes. I. The kinetics of iron distribution between stroma and cytosol. AB - The distribution of transferrin-donated iron between the stroma and cytosol compartments of rabbit reticulocytes was studied. In cells with inhibited haem synthesis iron accumulates in the stroma fraction. The stromal accumulation of iron was found to be reversible and dependent on the coupled state of mitochondrial respiration. Iron in cytosol, however, proved to be more available for haem synthesis than iron accumulated in stroma. A hypothesis concerning mitochondrial iron uptake is proposed, by which the experimental and pathological changes in the intracellular distribution of iron can be explained. PMID- 7126480 TI - Asynchronous expression of granulocyte membrane receptors in megaloblastic anaemia. AB - The expression of Fc(IgG) and C3b membrane receptors by granulocytes and their precursors was examined in 23 cases of megaloblastic anaemia which were graded I III according to morphological severity. Fractionated bone marrow and peripheral blood granulocyte receptors were assessed by rosette formation with optimally sensitized ox erythrocytes and the results compared with those found in 14 normal marrows. Promyelocyte Fc and C3b receptor activities in megaloblastic anaemia did not differ from normal whilst the number of Fc receptor positive myelocytes and later cells showed a significant increase (P less than 0.05 in Grade I, P less than 0.01 in Grades II and III) proportional to the severity of megaloblastosis. An increase in the number of C3b receptor positive granulocytes was seen in early megaloblastic anaemias and, in contrast to Fc receptor expression, showed the highest receptor activities in the Grade II cases. The most significant changes in receptor expression were seen at the metamyelocyte stage and appear to be related to the numbers of these cells found in the megaloblastic marrows. It is suggested that these alterations are primarily related to asynchronous granulocyte maturation and the application of these findings to the study of granulocytic disorders is discussed. PMID- 7126484 TI - Frames of reference in psychoanalytic psychology: XII. The characteristics of the structural frame of reference. PMID- 7126483 TI - Significance of plasma fibrinopeptide A and high molecular weight fibrinogen in patients with liver cirrhosis. AB - Plasma fibrinopeptide A (FPA) was measured in 50 patients with liver cirrhosis divided into 'moderate' or 'severe' cirrhotics according to standard clinical and laboratory criteria. FPA was significantly higher than in normal controls although no relation to the severity of disease was found. After a single intravenous administration of heparin there was a significant decrease in FPA levels in the patients. High molecular weight fibrinogen (HMWF) was also determined for some of the patients and was significantly greater than in the normal controls. However, there was no correlation between FPA and HMWF. The greater values of FPA and their responses to heparin indicate that there is increased thrombin formation in a number of patients with liver cirrhosis, with no apparent relation to the severity of the disease. PMID- 7126485 TI - A validation of the Defence Mechanism Inventory. AB - The Defence Mechanism Inventory (Gleser & Ihilevich, 1969) was validated by examining the 16PF profiles of each group of defenders. These were found to correspond closely to profiles hypothesized on the basis of Freudian theory, and thus suggest that the test may be valid. The ipsative scoring system was thought to limit the clinical usefulness of the five scales and to hinder statistical analyses, and the development of a rating form of the questionnaire was recommended. PMID- 7126486 TI - Is authoritarianism the main element of the coronary-prone personality? AB - Clients at the Sydney Coronary Heart Disease Prevention Programme were screened for actual CHD and sufferers were compared with non-suffers on four personality scales to measure, respectively, A-B, dominance, achievement motivation and 'freneticism'. There were 112 sufferers and 201 controls. Sufferers were found to have significantly higher scores on dominance-the Ray (1976) Directiveness scale but also to have significantly lower scores on the A-B measure. This latter reversal of the usual relationship was an artifact of the fact that older people are both more CHD prone and get lower A-B scores. When age was controlled for there was no relationship between A-B type and CHD. This left the authoritarian style of dominance measured by the Directiveness scale as the sole predictor of CHD. This was held to be a belated vindication of claims made in the pioneering work of Dunbar (1943). PMID- 7126487 TI - The type A behaviour pattern is alive and well--when not dissected: a reply. PMID- 7126489 TI - A study of some psychological factors in depressed and non-depressed subjects in a Kenyan setting. AB - Thirty Kenyan patients (15 consecutive first-ever referrals to the out-patient clinic and 15 consecutive first-ever admissions) of black African origin on chemotherapy for clinical depression (uncomplicated by organic or other psychotic illness) in Nairobi and 40 non-psychiatrically disturbed controls (controlled for race, sex and age) living in and around Nairobi were included in this study. Information was obtained from each subject using a structured questionnaire. It was found that in the consecutive first-ever admissions or referrals females were overrepresented in the patient group and that lack of regular income and being first born were associated with the depressed group as compared with the non depressed group. These observations are discussed in the light of their socio cultural context and compared with related observations in Western settings. PMID- 7126490 TI - The prediction of change in repertory grids. AB - Several predictions relating to differential element and construct stability in repertory grids over time were investigated. Test-retest data indicated significantly greater construct stability for high intensity or 'constellatory' constructs over a seven-month period. Consistency of element ratings was also significantly greater for high intensity (constellatory) constructs, but only for certain elements. Evidence is also reported indicating that the dimension of cognitive complexity may also serve as a moderator of the above relationships. PMID- 7126488 TI - Body image: a selective review of existing measurement techniques. AB - A selective review of studies concerning body image is presented to illustrate the diversity of approaches which have been adopted. Equivocal definitions of the concept of body image and the difficulties inherent in its measurement are examined and the most popular measurement techniques are described and criticized. PMID- 7126491 TI - Construct relationships, psychological disorder and therapeutic change. AB - The problem of interpretation of construct relationships of abnormal content is considered in the context of the use of the repertory grid to assess therapeutic outcome in neurotics. With a view to providing a rationale for such interpretation, examples are presented of construct relationships indicative of psychopathology, and of predicted changes in them during therapy. Implications for the planning and evaluation of therapy are discussed, and the importance of exploring the personal meaning of the patient's complaints is emphasized. PMID- 7126492 TI - Psychoneurotic profiles in Iraqi medical students. PMID- 7126494 TI - The 'Consentiam' effect: are your joint ratings really independent? PMID- 7126493 TI - Secondary therapist variables operating in short-term insight-oriented, and behaviour therapy. AB - Three therapists from a short-term insight orientation and three practicing behaviour therapy each provided treatment to five clients over a three-month course of therapy. Measurement of therapists' attitudes was taken at the beginning of treatment, at the mid-point, and at the conclusion of therapy, and tapped the therapist's attitude towards the suitability of the treatment administered, the patient's attitude toward the therapist (as perceived by the therapist), the type of patient and problem presented, and attraction to and liking for the patient. Pre-post-outcome measurement was also undertaken on a range of selected criteria. Results showed that behaviour therapists both believed more in the efficacy of their treatment throughout the course of therapy, and perceived their clients to be more positively disposed towards them than did insight-oriented therapists. Data highlight the role played by such secondary factors as these therapist variables, and emphasize the potential error in attributing therapeutic effects solely to traditional primary variables defined in terms of the treatment techniques or procedures being utilized. PMID- 7126497 TI - Paternal responsibility. PMID- 7126495 TI - Handedness and schizophrenic symptoms. AB - Studies of the handedness of schizophrenics have produced conflicting results. One possible explanation for this is that, as schizophrenia presents in many different forms, certain symptoms of the illness may relate better than the diagnosis to laterality patterns. Some previous work supports this view. The symptoms of 232 schizophrenics were examined in relation to their handedness. Among males only the handedness patterns of those who showed expressive (formal) thought disorder differed from those of their non-thought-disordered peers, but proved to be very similar to those of normal controls. The distribution of handedness did not otherwise vary significantly with type of symptom. Thus it appears to be the schizophrenic syndrome, and not any individual symptom, that best correlates with the deviation from normal handedness patterns seen among schizophrenics. PMID- 7126498 TI - An audit of caesarean section in a maternity district. AB - A prospective study of the clinical indications for caesarean sections performed in a large specialist maternity hospital was carried out during the first 3 months of 1981; similar information was collected retrospectively for 1976 and 1971. Demographic changes in the obstetric population were considered. The district section rate increased from 4.4-13% in the last decade. The three most important clinical indications contributing to the rise of caesarean section in primiparae were cephalopelvic disproportion, slow progress and breech presentation. The rate of sections began to fall during the audit and has continued to decrease in the months since. Although it is rather early to draw conclusions, this trend may reflect the critical attention focused on section policy during the period of the study. PMID- 7126496 TI - The British survey of diabetic pregnancies. PMID- 7126500 TI - Haemoconcentration in severe pre-eclampsia. AB - The last maternal haemoglobin (Hb) concentration before delivery was related to the perinatal outcome in 87 non-anaemic women suffering from severe pre eclampsia. Abnormally high Hb concentrations were found in most women with evidence of placental dysfunction. An inverse correlation was found between the centile weight of the newborn and the maternal Hb. Significantly higher Hb levels were found in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth retardation and perinatal distress compared with those in pregnancies with good outcomes. Particularly high levels were found in pregnancies that ended in perinatal deaths. The hypothesis is put forward that raised haemoconcentration during severe pre-eclampsia causes increased blood viscosity which predisposes to placental pathology and initiates a vicious circle. PMID- 7126499 TI - Premature rupture of the membranes and ascending infection. AB - The association of premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) and ascending infection was investigated in 15 women. Bacteriological, histological and immunofluorescence methods were used to study infection at various levels in the birth canal. In most of the women the membranes as well as the placentae showed heavy bacterial invasion. Bacterial distribution within the membranes showed a choriodecidual preponderance. Ascending infection appears to follow the choriodecidual route and may be a primary pathogenetic event in many instances of PROM. The anaerobe Bacteroides fragilis, which is very infrequently isolated in normal pregnant women, was found in five out of 15 women. Two infants had congenital pneumonia caused by group B streptococci and Haemophilus influenzae respectively. The neonatal outcome with PROM may be influenced by the efficiency of the individual defence mechanisms including the antimicrobial capacity of amniotic fluid. PMID- 7126501 TI - Effect on low implantation of the placenta on maternal blood pressure and placental function. AB - Low implantation of the placenta may protect against the development of pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) and is associated with improved values in tests of placental function. PIH occurred in six of 201 (3%) consecutive patients with placenta praevia managed at the City Hospital, Nottingham, from 1 April 1973 to 30 June 1981. None of the six patients developed associated proteinuria. Of the total number of 24,549 patients delivered in the same hospital for the years 1974 1978, 3744 (15%) developed PIH. Of the patients with placenta praevia, 52% had serum levels of human placental lactogen above the 95th centile and 25% had 24-h urinary oestriol levels above the 95th centile. The birthweight distribution was not different from that of the total live births at the City Hospital, Nottingham (based on 1975-1976 deliveries). PMID- 7126502 TI - Blood pressure, plasma osmolarity and oedema in pregnancy. AB - Relations of mean arterial pressure to age, parity, plasma, osmolarity, sodium and albumin were examined in normal non-pregnant, normal pregnant and pre eclamptic Nigerian women. Mean arterial pressure showed a positive correlation with age in non-pregnant subjects, but not in normal pregnant or pre-eclamptic women. There was no significant correlation of mean arterial pressure with parity, plasma sodium or albumin in any of the three groups. A weak positive correlation was found between mean arterial pressure and plasma osmolarity in non pregnant women and, although this was absent in normal pregnancy, it reappeared as a significant negative correlation in pre-eclampsia. These observations were considered, with special reference to osmotic aspects of the changes involved, and biophysical aspects of oedema are discussed. It is suggested that the osmotic properties of interstitial fluid albumin play a key role in the development of both physiological and pathological oedema in pregnancy. PMID- 7126504 TI - Assessment of gestational age of the Asian fetus by the sonar measurement of crown-rump length and biparietal diameter. AB - Two populations of pregnant Asian and European women were scanned using linear array real-time ultrasound machines. Measurements were made of fetal crown-rump length (CRL) up to 14 weeks gestational age and of biparietal diameter (BPD) up to 20 weeks gestational age. Polynomial growth curves relating CRL and BPD measurements to their gestational ages were fitted to the data by the method of unweighted least squares. There were no significant differences between the Asian and European parameters for the CRL and BPD curves. European nomograms may be used to establish Asian fetal gestational age up to 20 weeks. PMID- 7126503 TI - False positive gel-acetylcholinesterase results in blood-stained amniotic fluids. AB - The effect of blood contamination on the gel-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) test used in the diagnosis of fetal open neural-tube defects was studied with amniotic fluid samples artificially contaminated with fetal or maternal blood in concentrations covering a range exceeding that usually found in clinical practice. Amniotic fluid samples contaminated with maternal blood gave negative gel-AChE results at all concentrations. Contamination with fetal blood yielded positive results if the erythrocyte concentration was greater than about 60 x 10(6) cells/ml. Thus contamination of amniotic fluid with blood is only likely to cause false positive gel-AChE results if this critical concentration is exceeded. Such samples will occur only rarely in clinical practice but when they do the diagnosis should be made with caution. PMID- 7126505 TI - Normal cardiac ventricular geometry and function during the last trimester of pregnancy and early neonatal period. AB - Fetal and early neonatal left and right ventricular cardiac geometry and left ventricular cardiac function were studied by M-mode technique in a cross sectional study between 28 and 40 weeks of gestation (n = 227) and a longitudinal study from 24 h before until 48 h after delivery (n = 15). Antenatally both ventricles were geometrically uniform; there was a 3.2-3.4-fold increase in left ventricular volume and a nearly 3-fold increase in left ventricular stroke volume and cardiac output. During the early neonatal period the right ventricular transverse diameter reduced in size; there was a further 1.1-fold rise in left ventricular volume and a further 1.2-1.3-fold rise in the left ventricular stroke volume and cardiac output. PMID- 7126506 TI - Hysterectomy following sterilization. AB - Using record linkage data derived from Scottish hospital discharge summaries, admissions to gynaecological units and hysterectomy rates have been studied following sterilization. The average annual gynaecological admission rate per 1000 women was 43.7 in the group of sterilized women and 21.5 in the control subjects. The average annual hysterectomy rate was 9.3 in the sterilized women and 2.5 in the control subjects. Although there were differences in age and pregnancy number between cases and controls, these did not account for the observed differences. This study was not able to determine whether the increase in gynaecological morbidity was due to the sterilization procedure or to the characteristics of the women sterilized. PMID- 7126507 TI - Cervical dilatation with 16,16-dimethyl-trans-delta 2 PGE1 methyl ester vaginal pessaries before surgical termination of first trimester pregnancies. PMID- 7126508 TI - Treatment of carcinoma of the cervix with bromocriptine. PMID- 7126509 TI - Occurrence of pre-eclampsia in pregnancies to three husbands. Case report. PMID- 7126510 TI - Pyrexia of unknown origin: a case of uterine leiomyosarcoma. PMID- 7126511 TI - Bilharzial granuloma of the fallopian tube. Case report. PMID- 7126512 TI - Pure yolk sac tumour of the ovary: twenty years survival. Case report. PMID- 7126513 TI - Spontaneous regression of bilateral retinoblastoma. AB - A 24-year-old black man was found to have bilateral, spontaneously regressed retinoblastoma that had previously been misdiagnosed as post-traumatic chorioretinal scarring. His son and half-brother both had bilateral viable retinoblastoma. The ophthalmoscopic and fluorescein angiographic features of this patient's fundus lesions included a calcified, whitish mass located centrally in one of the scars and a fine residual vascularity in another of the fundus lesions. The authors review the pertinent literature on spontaneous regression of retinoblastoma. PMID- 7126515 TI - Rate of endothelial cell loss in the early postoperative period after cataract surgery. AB - Central corneal endothelial cell density was estimated in 33 consecutive patients preoperatively and at monthly intervals for 6 months after cataract surgery. The patients were divided into 3 groups by a random procedure to have either intracapsular extraction or intracapsular extraction plus Federov 4-loop iris clip lens, or extracapsular extraction with Binkhorst 2-loop iridocapsular lens. In all groups the greatest cell loss had occurred by one month and thereafter no accelerated loss was apparent except in individual patients. The limitations of such a method of assessment are discussed. PMID- 7126516 TI - Complications from use of sodium hyaluronate (Healonid) in anterior segment surgery. PMID- 7126514 TI - Uveal melanomas presenting during pregnancy and the investigation of oestrogen receptors in melanomas. AB - We observed a young woman who showed growth of a choroidal melanoma over the course of 2 pregnancies, with subsequent enucleation of the eye. This is the first such documented case. In addition 4 other women with uveal malignant melanomas presented during pregnancy. This observed number of pregnancies (5) was greater than the expected number (2.1) among women of childbearing age who underwent enucleation with subsequent analysis in our pathology laboratory. However, this difference was not statistically significant. Further, more females 44 years of age or younger underwent enucleation for malignant melanoma than men of comparable age. Evaluation of these cases led us to propose that there is a subset of patients whose ocular melanomas are hormonally responsive. We therefore analysed uveal melanoma and choroidal tissue from 7 patients, including one of the pregnant women, for the presence of oestrogen receptors. No specific oestrogen binding was found. The possibilities that other hormones are involved or an immunological mechanism is operative are discussed. PMID- 7126518 TI - Effect on the intraocular pressure of hypotensive anaesthesia with intravenous trimetaphan. AB - The intraocular pressure was measured at 5-minute intervals with a Perkins applanation tonometer in 5 patients undergoing routine dacryocystorhinostomy under low-tension anaesthesia with a continuous intravenous infusion of trimetaphan (Arfonad), the systolic pressure being maintained at 66 mmHg. Twelve patients undergoing cataract surgery under the same premedication and anaesthesia but in whom the systemic blood pressure was maintained at normal levels served as controls. A sudden and dramatic lowering of the intraocular pressure to very low levels was noted when the systolic blood pressure was reduced to 60 mmHg. It seems likely that a collapse of the choroidal circulation rather than a decreased aqueous formation due to low perfusion pressure is the most likely cause of the sudden lowering of intraocular pressure. PMID- 7126517 TI - Immunoglobulin patterns in keratoconus with particular reference to total and specific IgE levels. AB - A selection of sufferers from keratoconus and random controls were assessed in order to substantiate claims that there existed a significant incidence of patients with both keratoconus and a raised serum level of immunoglobulin E. The results appeared to confirm a high incidence of raised total serum IgE levels in patients with keratoconus and also indicated that the additional measurement of serum specific IgE was more sensitive than total IgE. In fact 59% of the patients with keratoconus in our study were identified as having significantly raised level of specific immunoglobulin E, and 52% were identifiable by measuring total immunoglobulin E. This compares favourably with a previous incidence in a keratoconus population of 47% with raised total immunoglobulin E. Our study avoids clinical estimation of known associated systemic manifestations of atopic disease, thereby reaffirming the correlation between raised serum levels of IgE and keratoconus as objectively as possible. This identification pattern may be useful in reviewing high-risk groups and aid in the earlier detection of the condition. PMID- 7126519 TI - Aneurysms in the ciliary body band confirmed by fluorescein gonioangiography. PMID- 7126522 TI - Vitelliform degeneraton and butterfly-shaped pigment alterations. PMID- 7126520 TI - Ophthalmia neonatorum in the 1980s: incidence, aetiology and treatment. AB - In a survey of 450 consecutive births in Southampton a 12% incidence has been found of ophthalmia neonatorum. Bacterial pathogens were isolated from only one third of the cases, while nonpathogens were isolated from as many cases as controls. There was an incidence of chlamydial infection of 3.7 per 1000 live births, while Neisseria gonorrhoeae could not be found. Chloramphenicol is recommended for topical antibacterial treatment, but chlamydial infection will not respond; it must be considered in 'resistant' cases, when both the neonate and the parents will need treatment with erythromycin or tetracycline. PMID- 7126521 TI - Ocular pathology of the Majewski syndrome. PMID- 7126523 TI - Self-association of daunomycin. AB - Daunomycin, a potent anthracycline antibiotic, self-associates in aqueous solution at concentrations greater than 10 microM. We report here visible absorbance, sedimentation equilibrium, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments that characterize this self-association. In contrast to earlier reports that the process is a simple dimerization, we find that an indefinite association model best fits our data, with an intrinsic association constant, Ki, equal to 1500 M-1. From the temperature dependence of the observed NMR spectra, an enthalpy of approximately -8.0 kcal/mol is calculated. The NMR data show that the aromatic protons of the anthracycline portion of the drug are most affected by aggregation, probably due to stacking of the anthracycline rings. Knowledge of the applicable model for the self-association process, and the equilibrium constant that describes the process, enables us to assess quantitatively the possible effects of drug aggregation on the interpretation of drug-DNA binding data. For the ionic conditions most commonly used in such studies, the amount of aggregated daunomycin will be slight and may safely be ignored. PMID- 7126524 TI - Studies on interaction of anthracycline antibiotics and deoxyribonucleic acid: equilibrium binding studies on interaction of daunomycin with deoxyribonucleic acid. AB - We have used equilibrium dialysis and fluorescence and absorbance titration to study the interaction of daunomycin with DNA. Our data at 200 mM Na+ are best fit by the neighbor exclusion model, with K = 7.0 x 10(5) M-1 and an exclusion parameter of three to four base pairs. The binding is dependent on ionic strength, with d log K/d log [Na+] = -0.84, from which we may estimate quantitatively ion release and the binding free energy corrected for the free energy of counterion release. From the temperature dependence of the binding constant, we find the binding to be exothermic, with a van't Hoff enthalpy of 12.8 kcal/mol. Competition dialysis experiments show that G+C base pairs are slightly preferred as binding sites for the drug and suggest that daunomycin binds preferentially to G+C pairs at low r. Cesium chloride density gradient sedimentation experiments provide an experimental demonstration of this preference. Daunomycin increases the Tm for DNA melting by some 30 degrees C as binding approaches saturation, with biphasic melting at low drug/base pair ratios. The data from these equilibrium studies are consistent with intercalative binding of daunomycin and provide a solid foundation for further structural and kinetic studies. PMID- 7126526 TI - N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide active esters: bis(N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide) esters of two dicarboxylic acids are hydrophilic, membrane-impermeant, protein cross linkers. AB - We have synthesized and characterized N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide, a new hydrophilic ligand for the preparation of active esters. We have incorporated this ligand into two new protein cross-linking reagents, 3,3' dithiobis(sulfosuccinimidyl propionate) and bis(sulfosuccinimidyl) suberate. In experiments with rabbit muscle aldolase, it is demonstrated that both of these reagents are highly efficient protein cross-linkers at physiological pH and that 3,3'-dithiobis(sulfosuccinimidyl propionate) is quantitatively cleavable by reduction under mild conditions. In experiments with intact human erythrocytes and erythrocyte membranes, it is shown that both reagents are membrane impermeant and that when erythrocytes are treated with either reagent, both cross-link subunits of the anion channel (band 3) to covalent dimers at the extracytoplasmic membrane face. PMID- 7126525 TI - Studies on interaction of anthracycline antibiotics and deoxyribonucleic acid: geometry of intercalation of iremycin and daunomycin. AB - The structure of iremycin [10-(alpha-L-rhodosaminyl)-gamma-rhodomycinone] hydrochloride has been confirmed by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. We studied the interaction of iremycin and the related compound daunomycin with DNA by transient electric dichroism and by sedimentation analysis of supercoiled closed duplex DNA. The apparent length increase of sonicated calf thymus DNA (150 +/- 20 base pairs) in 2.5 mM sodium cacodylate buffer (pH 7) at 12 degrees C was determined to be 0.40 +/- 0.02 nm/bound drug). The Cu(II) complex of iremycin with a metal/drug ratio of 0.7 induces a length increase of DNA of 0.44 +/- 0.02 nm/added drug. The alignment of the iremycin chromophore with respect to the DNA helix axis was determined from the electric dichroism of the complex. The tilt (long axis) and twist (short axis) of the chromophore are both 28 +/- 4 degrees, whereas for daunomycin the long axis is perpendicular to the helix axis and the short axis is twisted by about 25 degrees. Intercalation of iremycin between DNA base pairs is supported by unwinding of the supercoiled closed duplex form of pBR 322 plasmid DNA from Escherichia coli. In 2.5 mM sodium cacodylate buffer at pH 7 and at 25 degrees C, the unwinding induced by iremycin is 15.0 +/- 1.5 degrees/bound drug. Under identical conditions daunomycin shows on unwinding angle of 15.4 +/- 1.5 degrees. The superhelical density of pBR 322 DNA (sigma 0) was determined to be -0.087 +/- 0.002 at standard conditions (0.2 M NaCl, 37 degrees C). PMID- 7126527 TI - Resolution of multiple heme centers of hydroxylamine oxidoreductase from Nitrosomonas. 2. Mossbauer spectroscopy. AB - Hydroxylamine oxidoreductase (HAO) isolated from Nitrosomas europaea is a complex protein of Mr 220000 with an (alpha beta)3 subunit structure. Each alpha beta subunit contains seven c-type hemes and approximately one unusual prosthetic group termed P-460. We have studied this enzyme in the oxidized and reduced states by using Mossbauer spectroscopy. In the fully reduced enzyme, approximately seven hemes per alpha beta subunit contributed to one spectrum characteristic of low-spin ferrous heme. The remainder of the iron (10-15% of the total) yielded an ill-defined absorption pattern. Carbon monoxide binds to the P 460 as shown by optical spectra. The Mossbauer spectra of reduced hydroxylamine oxidoreductase which had been exposed to CO showed a new spectral component, corresponding to one iron site, with parameters characteristic of a low-spin ferrous heme-carbonyl complex. It appears that this component is derived from the ill-defined spectrum observed in the reduced enzyme. This is the first direct evidence that the P-450 moiety amounts to at least one Fe per alpha beta subunit. Together the Mossbauer results and the optical spectra suggest that the P-460 moiety is a heme. The Mossbauer spectra of the oxidized (as isolated) enzyme suggest the presence of one or two low-spin ferric hemes which might be EPR undetectable because of either fast electronic spin relaxation or participation in a spin-coupled pair. The spectra gave no evidence for the presence of a ferrous site in oxidized HAO. PMID- 7126528 TI - Syntheses and modulations in the chromatin contents of histones H1 degrees and H1 during G1 and S phases in Chinese hamster cells. PMID- 7126530 TI - Kinetics of transfer of pyrene and rac-1-oleyl-2-[4-(3-pyrenyl)butanoyl]glycerol between human plasma lipoproteins. PMID- 7126531 TI - Flexibility of myosin rod determined from dilute solution viscoelastic measurements. AB - The frequency dependencies of the storage and loss shear moduli, G' and G", of myosin rod solutions at 1.0 and 7.0 degrees C were measured by use of the Birnboim-Schrag multiple lumped resonator apparatus in solvents with and without glycerol. The infinite dilution moduli were determined and compared with theoretical models for a rigid rod and a freely jointed trinodular rod and with an empirical model for a semiflexible rod. Only the latter could fit the data. A rotational relaxation time of 25 mus and a slowest bending time of 3.1 mus, both reduced to water at 20 degrees C, were determined from the fit. A persistence length of about 130 nm was obtained from either the bending time, the rotational relaxation time, or the intrinsic viscosity. The average thermal excursion of the end of subfragment 2 was estimated to be 26 nm, more than sufficient to span the gap between the thick and thin filaments in muscles at all sarcomere lengths. Thus, a hinge between heavy meromyosin and light meromyosin does not appear necessary for myosin-actin contact. Young's modulus of about 1 x 10(9) N/m2 also makes it unlikely that subfragment 2 can be the elastic element in the Huxley Simmons model of muscle contraction. PMID- 7126529 TI - Role of poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) in deoxyribonucleic acid repair in human fibroblasts. AB - We have investigated the role of poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) in DNA repair in human fibroblasts by observing the effects of 3-aminobenzamide (3AB), a specific inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis, on various aspects of DNA repair. After treatment of human fibroblasts with dimethyl sulfate (DMS), 3AB retarded the joining of strand breaks; unscheduled DNA synthesis was unaffected after low doses of DMS but was stimulated after high doses. 3AB also enhanced the cytotoxicity of DMS. After gamma irradiation there was a slight inhibition by 3AB of the rejoining of single-strand breaks but no effect on the rejoining of double strand breaks, unscheduled DNA synthesis, DNA replicative synthesis, or cytotoxicity. There were no effects of 3AB on the repair of UV damage. On the basis of the different kinetics of the various steps of excision repair processes after different treatments of fibroblasts, our results are interpreted as evidence that the synthesis of poly(ADP-ribose) is involved in the ligation step of excision repair. PMID- 7126532 TI - Total luminescence spectroscopy of fluorescence changes during aging in Caenorhabditis elegans. AB - Total luminescence spectroscopy was employed to characterize and quantitate age related changes in fluorescence in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, an established model for aging research. The excitation wavelength was varied between 250 and 590 nm in 10-nm increments. At each excitation wavelength, the emission wavelength was varied between 300 and 600 nm. Contour plots of corrected spectra were made. All fluorescence increased severalfold with age, except for that ascribed to tryptophan of soluble protein fractions. This general increase included fluorescence due to flavins, which is not expected to increase with age but has previously been observed to do so in this species. Blue emission peaks that approximated Schiff base product fluorescence were detected in whole aqueous homogenates, chloroform/methanol extracts, and detergent-cleaned cuticle preparations. Age-related increases in emission intensities of these peaks were demonstrated in aqueous homogenates and isolated cuticles. Cuticle preparations, known to be rich in collagenous protein, exhibited a fluorescence peak that approximated the recently described pyridinoline cross-link of vertebrate collagen. This peak, as well as the entire cuticle emission spectrum between 300 and 500 nm, increased dramatically with age. A fluorescence peak tentatively identified as cuticle tyrosine, characteristic of collagenous protein, also increased in older worms. The effectiveness of the spectroscopic technique in distinguishing individual fluorescence peaks in complex mixtures was demonstrated, and the potential of the nematode cuticle for age-related collagen studies was identified. PMID- 7126533 TI - Purification and physicochemical properties of starch phosphorylase from young banana leaves. AB - Starch phosphorylase from young banana leaves has been purified to homogeneity, as tested by disc polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at various pHs and gel concentrations, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunodiffusion, and immunoelectrophoresis, using the techniques of ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, and filtration through Sephadex G-100 and Sephadex G-200. The molecular weight of the enzyme is found to be 45000 as determined by gel filtration chromatography over Sephadex G-200. The enzyme showed a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis having the molecular weight 55000. The enzyme contains eight SH groups per mol of the enzyme. Unlike other 1,4-alpha-glucan phosphorylases, no evidence is found for the presence of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate as a prosthetic group of the enzyme. Of the various amino acids tested, only aromatic amino acids inhibited the enzyme activity. ADP, AMP, and 3',5'-AMP did not produce any effect on the enzyme activity whereas ATP and UDP-glucose proved to be inhibitors. The enzyme utilized starch, amylose, and glycogen as primers with equal efficiency whereas dextrin, amylopectin, maltotriose, and maltose were less effective as primers. Schardinger dextrin, cellulose, or sucrose could not be utilized as a primer. The enzyme showed absolute specificity for glucose 1-phosphate as a substrate, and this could not be replaced by glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6 phosphate, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, or ribose 5-phosphate. PMID- 7126534 TI - Inactivation of rat liver S-adenosylhomocysteinase by iodoacetamide. AB - S-Adenosylhomocysteine (EC 3.3.1.1) from rat liver is inactivated by iodoacetamide following pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics. The apparent first order rate constant for inactivation is proportional to the concentration of the modifier, and a value of 7.55 M-1 min-1 is obtained for the second-order rate constant at pH 9.06 and 25 degrees C. Amino acid analysis of the modifier enzyme shows the formation of S-(carboxymethyl)cysteine. No peaks corresponding to N epsilon-(carboxymethyl)- and N epsilon,N epsilon-bis(carboxymethyl)lysines, N (carboxymethyl)histidines, S-(carboxymethyl)homocysteine, homoserine, and homoserine lactone are detected. Glycolic acid is also not found in the acid hydrolysate of the modified enzyme, indicating the absence of modification at carboxyl residues. These results and the finding that the number of residues modified as determined by the incorporation of iodo[1-14C]acetamide is equal to the number of cysteine residues lost by modification establish the site of modification as cysteine residues. Kinetics of inactivation and incorporation of the label from iodo[1-14C]acetamide show that two among three modifiable residues per enzyme subunit are essential for activity and the modification of either results in complete inactivation. The inactivation by iodoacetamide does not involve alteration in the molecular size of enzyme nor release of the bound NAD+. The modified enzyme still retains the capacity to bind adenosine and to oxidize it as evidenced by the reduction of enzyme-bound NAD+ but does not catalyze the exchange of the 4' proton with solvent. Thus, it is suggested that the inability of the modified enzyme to catalyze the overall reaction is due to the failure to abstract the 4' proton in the catalytic cycle. PMID- 7126535 TI - alpha-aminoaldehydes: transition state analogue inhibitors of leucine aminopeptidase. AB - L-Leucinal, prepared by enzymatic oxidation of L-leucinol with alcohol dehydrogenase, is found to be a very strong competitive inhibitor of porcine kidney aminopeptidases. For the enzyme from kidney microsomes acting on L-leucine p-nitroanilide (Km = 5.2 x 10(-4) M), for Ki for L-leucinal was 7.6 x 10(-7) M at pH 7.2 and 25 degrees C. For the enzyme from kidney cytosol acting on L-leucine p nitroanilide (Km = 7.7 x 10(-4) M), Ki for L-leucinal was 6 x 10(-8) M; Ki for glycinal (analogous to glycine derivatives that are poor substrates) was 6.8 x 10(-4) M. In dilute aqueous solution, leucinal exists in unfavorable equilibrium with its covalent hydrate, whose concentration exceeds that of the free aldehyde by a factor of 40. The affinity of the enzyme for the free aldehyde is correspondingly greater than its Ki values would suggest, exceeding the apparent affinity of the substrate by a factor of about 10(6). A comparison of binding affinities suggests that L-leucinal forms an inhibitory complex analogous in structure to unstable intermediates and substrate transformation by leucine aminopeptidase, and strengthens the likelihood that this enzyme may act by a double-displacement mechanism. PMID- 7126536 TI - Transfer of 1,3-diphosphoglycerate between glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and 3-phosphoglycerate kinase via an enzyme-substrate-enzyme complex. AB - On the basis of the alternatives of direct inter-enzyme transfer vs. dissociation followed by random diffusion, two kinetic models for metabolite transfer between consecutive enzymes are developed. These two models are readily distinguishable experimentally for the transfer of 1,3-diphosphoglycerate (1,3-P2G) between glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) and 3-phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK). Since 1,3-P2G is exceedingly tightly bound to PGK, the kinetics of its transfer to GPDH are predictably different for each of these two models. Our experiments unambiguously demonstrate that 1,3-P2G is directly transferred between these two enzymes via an enzyme-substrate-enzyme complex. This direct transfer is described by a Michaelis-Menten scheme in which PGK . 1,3-P2G is the "substrate" for GPDH. At high concentrations of PGK . 1,3-P2G, the transfer reaction becomes nearly PGK . 1,3-P2G concentration independent. The rate of the transfer reaction is activated 3.5-fold by saturating quantities of ATP and 20 fold by saturating quantities of 3-PG. Evidence is presented that the PGK . 1,3 P2G complex is structurally distinct from either PGK itself or other PGK . ligand complexes. PMID- 7126538 TI - An alternative model for the binding and release of diferric transferrin by reticulocytes. AB - The biphasic binding of diferric transferrin to reticulocytes has been reevaluated with a series of kinetic and equilibrium studies. Identical binding progress profiles were observed for reticulocytes in the presence or absence of oxygen. The relative size of the rapid initial adsorption step could be increased to ca. 65% of the total binding by stripping the cells of endogenous transferrin or reduced to 0% by preloading the cells with nonradiolabeled diferric transferrin. Preloading the cells with 125I-labeled diferric transferrin and chasing with 131I-labeled diferric transferrin revealed identical rate constants for release and binding. Scatchard plots of equilibrium binding of diferric transferrin to reticulocytes showed no significant effects of anaerobiasis or 2,4 dinitrophenol on the equilibrium binding constant or the maximum number of binding sites. The potent microtubule inhibitor nocodazole had no effect on the progress curves for transferrin binding or iron uptake by reticulocytes. It was concluded that the rapid adsorption step in the binding profile represents binding to open receptors and that the slow first-order binding phase represents binding of radiolabeled transferrin to receptors already occupied by nonlabeled endogenous transferrin as this endogenous transferrin leaves the receptors. Furthermore, this first-order binding phase, unlike iron uptake, does not require the presence of active oxidative phosphorylation. These findings are consistent with a specific desorption-adsorption model for the interaction of diferric transferrin with reticulocytes. PMID- 7126539 TI - Influence of cholesterol on the rotation and self-association of band 3 in the human erythrocyte membrane. AB - The cholesterol/phospholipid mole ratio (C/P) in the human erythrocyte membrane was varied by incubating cells with liposomes. The rotational mobility of band 3 proteins was measured in these membranes by observing flash-induced transient dichroism of the triplet probe eosin maleimide. Measurements were performed with membranes in which associations of band 3 with cytoskeletal proteins were removed by mild proteolysis with trypsin. It was found that decreasing C/P resulted in a more rapid decay of the flash-induced anisotropy. The anisotropy decay curves were analyzed by curve-fitting procedures, which indicated the existence of different sized small aggregates of band 3. The changes in the decay curves with varying C/P can be explained by an effect of cholesterol on the size distribution of these aggregates. The experiments suggest a possible role of cholesterol in regulating associations between integral membrane proteins. PMID- 7126537 TI - Phase behavior of mixed phosphatidylglycerol/phosphatidylcholine multilamellar and unilamellar vesicles. AB - The phase behavior of dipentadecanoylphosphatidylglycerol (DC15PG)/dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) mixtures has been studied in both small, unilamellar vesicles and large, multilamellar vesicles. We have used both the steady-state fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) and high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry to detect temperature dependent changes in membrane structure. Electron microscopy has demonstrated different fracture face morphologies for large, multilamellar vesicles depending on sample composition and temperature. These data have been interpreted in terms of proposed phase diagrams for this lipid mixture. The shapes of the proposed phase diagrams have led us to conclude that DMPC and DC15PG mix freely in the plane of a lipid bilayer only at less than 50 mol % DC15PG. At higher DC15PG content, the data have been interpreted as reflecting substantial compositional inhomogeneities in the plane of the bilayer, if not phase immiscibility, even in the fluid phase. In addition, small vesicles containing greater than 50 mol % DC15PG were unstable in the ordered phase and spontaneously converted to larger vesicles. Finally, the anisotropy of DPH fluorescence was found to be invariant with DC15PG content at temperatures just above the liquidus phase line in small, unilamellar vesicles. This demonstrated that inclusion of negatively charged phosphatidylglycerol does not noticeably affect the order within the acyl chain region of the bilayer, relative to phosphatidylcholine. PMID- 7126541 TI - Conformational studies of secreted mouse pituitary prolactin. AB - A secreted form of mouse pituitary prolactin has been shown to contain only a single tryptophan residue. All previously reported prolactins contain two tryptophans. Circular dichroism spectra indicate that secreted mouse prolactin is conformationally similar to stored forms of prolactin previously isolated from several other species, including its alpha-helix content (65%). However, like secreted rat prolactin, secreted mouse prolactin shows no tryptophan signal in its circular dichroism spectrum. All stored forms of prolactin studied to date display distinct tryptophan signals. This suggests the possibility that secretion of prolactin may be accompanied by modification of the protein's tertiary structure. PMID- 7126540 TI - Structure and action of heteronemertine polypeptide toxins. Membrane penetration by Cerebratulus lacteus toxin A-III. AB - The heteronemertine worm Cerebratulus lacteus produces a family of three structurally homologous proteins that function as direct lytic factors for a variety of cells [Kem, W. R., & Blumenthal, K. M. (1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253, 5752 5757]. It is demonstrated herein that the hemolytic activity of the most abundant variant, designated toxin A-III, is unaffected by either extensive iodination or complete blockage of carboxylate groups by tyramine or glycine ethyl ester. Iodination of A-III with lactoperoxidase produced a derivative that is preferentially labeled at His-67 and to a lesat the hemolytic activity of the most abundant variant, designated toxin A-III, is unaffected by either extensive iodination or complete blockage of carboxylate groups by tyramine or glycine ethyl ester. Iodination of A-III with lactoperoxidase produced a derivative that is preferentially labeled at His-67 and to a lesat the hemolytic activity of the most abundant variant, designated toxin A-III, is unaffected by either extensive iodination or complete blockage of carboxylate groups by tyramine or glycine ethyl ester. Iodination of A-III with lactoperoxidase produced a derivative that is preferentially labeled at His-67 and to a lesser extent at Tyr-6. The ratio of labeling at these two positions is approximately 3 to 1. Iodinated A-III is completely insoluble in 10% C13CCOOH. However, following treatment with trypsin containing liposomes, 15% of the input counts are converted to a Cl3CCOOH-soluble form. Incubation with free trypsin in the presence of liposomes containing N alpha-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone results in approximately 60% of the input counts becoming C13CCOOH soluble. Free trypsin renders toxin A-III 90% soluble in 10% C1CCOOH. Electrophoretic analysis of the labeled tryptic peptides generated in the presence of liposomes shows that internal trypsin hydrolyzed the Arg-13-Ser-14 bond, generating exclusively peptide T-1 (residues 1-13) while external trypsin produces peptide T-11 (residues 60-71) as the major radioactive product. These data are consistent with insertion of at least the amino-terminal 13 residues of A-III into the liposome and imply that membrane penetration by this protein may be important for its cytolytic activity. PMID- 7126542 TI - Semisynthetic derivatives of glucagon: (des-His1)N epsilon-acetimidoglucagon and N alpha-Biotinyl-N epsilon-acetimidoglucagon. AB - N epsilon-Acetimidoglucagon to be used for semisynthesis was prepared by reacting glucagon with methyl acetimidate hydrochloride at pH 10.2, favoring acetimidation of the sole epsilon-amino group. N epsilon-Acetimidoglucagon was isolated from the crude acetimidoglucagon mixture by anion-exchange chromatography at pH 9.4, producing a derivative which was identical with native glucagon on isoelectric focusing and which by amino acid analysis had greater than 98% of the lysine blocked. The yield was greater than that obtained when tetrahydrophthalic anhydride was used as a chromatographic handle to remove peptides with unreacted amino groups. N epsilon-Acetimidoglucagon closely resembled native glucagon in its biological activity and binding affinity, eliminating the need for deprotection. Semisynthetic N alpha-biotinyl-N epsilon-acetimidoglucagon, prepared by reacting (N-hydroxysuccinimido)biotin with N epsilon acetimidoglucagon and purified by cation-exchange chromatography, was homogeneous upon isoelectric focusing (pI = 5.2) and exhibited 1.2% of the binding affinity, 2.4% of the biological potency, and 30% of the maximum activity of the native hormone. Preliminary fluorescence microscopy demonstrated binding of N alpha biotinyl-N epsilon-acetimidoglucagon to glucagon specific receptors following exposure to fluorescein-labeled avidin. Capping of labeled receptors could be visualized with time. (Des-His1)N epsilon-acetimidoglucagon, prepared via a manual Edman degradation of N epsilon-acetimidoglucagon and isolated by cation exchange chromatography, was homogeneous upon isoelectric focusing (pI = 5.2). The second residue, serine, has also been removed. Semisynthetic coupling of alternative residues to such derivatives will provide insight into the role of the amino-terminal residues in mediating the biological actions of the hormone. PMID- 7126544 TI - Viscosity dependence of the kinetics of the diffusion-controlled reaction of carbon monoxide and myoglobin. AB - The kinetics of the reaction of CO with myoglobin have been studied by laser flash photolysis in glycerol-water as a function of solvent viscosity and temperature. At high viscosities and low temperatures the second-order rate constant is inversely proportional to the viscosity raised to approximately the 0.5 power. This result parallels the behavior of the oxygen diffusion coefficient in glycerol-water. It is concluded that the reaction kinetics in high viscosity glycerol-water are largely diffusion controlled. At higher temperatures, though, the effect of simultaneous chemical activation control of the reaction is observed. The diffusion-controlled rate constant is 1.4 X 10(-3) of that predicted from simple von Smoluchowski theory based on diffusion coefficients and molecular radii. Several models with steric requirements for diffusion-controlled reactions are examined. PMID- 7126543 TI - Metabolism of parathyroid hormone by Kupffer cells: analysis by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - Parathyroid hormone (PTH) undergoes rapid proteolysis in the liver, which results in the appearance of multiple COOH-terminal fragments in plasma. Using reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) techniques, we have shown that biologically active bovine PTH (bPTH) internally labeled with [3H]tyrosine is, like 125I-labeled bPTH, rapidly metabolized by isolated rat Kupffer cells in vitro to multiple COOH-terminal fragments that are chemically identical with those previously found in plasma after metabolism in vivo. Quantitation of specific carboxyl fragments in crude mixtures is achieved rapidly by direct HPLC analysis and is as precise as that achieved by Edman degradation. In addition, several different carboxyl fragments with identical NH2 termini were resolved, revealing a complexity not apparent in previous studies employing direct Edman degradation of such mixtures. Parallel studies with [[35S]Met]bPTH show the generation, by the Kupffer cells in vitro, of several labeled NH2-terminal fragments which undergo rapid further degradation in vitro. Thus, hepatic metabolism of PTH by Kupffer cells proceeds by an initial endopeptidase cleavage within the hormonal sequence in a manner compatible with the generation of biologically active NH2 fragments. PMID- 7126545 TI - Kinetics of reduction of the intersubunit disulfides of the carboxyl propeptide of type I procollagen. AB - The carboxyl propeptide produced by proteolysis during maturation of type I procollagen to collagen was purified to homogeneity from the medium of cultured chick embryo calvaria by a new method. The propeptide was identified as such by its amino acid composition and migration pattern through sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels in the absence and presence of dithiothreitol. Reduction of the intersubunit disulfides, which covalently join the two C1 and one C2 polypeptides of the carboxyl propeptide, was studied by incubating the propeptide in the presence of dithiothreitol for various times under nondenaturing conditions at pH 8.2. The reduction process was characterized by the appearance of disulfide-linked dimers. The appearance of dimers correlated with the disappearance of the carboxyl propeptide. Monomers, retaining intrasubunit disulfides, appeared concomitant with dimer formation. Reduction of the intersubunit disulfides of the dimers followed; intrasubunit disulfides were retained. The rate of the first process, trimer to dimer plus monomer, was an order of magnitude larger than the rate for the second process, dimer to monomers. The dimeric intermediates were composed of approximately equivalent amounts of (C1)2 and (C1, C2). The kinetics of formation and reduction of (C1)2 and (C1, C2) could not be differentiated by the techniques used. The relative amounts of intermediates found were not those expected if quasi-equivalent intersubunit disulfides were reduced in a random fashion. A possible model for reduction of the intersubunit disulfides of the propeptide has been proposed, and implications for the intersubunit polypeptide surface contacts have been discussed. PMID- 7126546 TI - A kinetic study of the binding of carbon monoxide to ferrous chloroperoxidase. AB - The binding of carbon monoxide to ferrous chloroperoxidase in the pH range 4-6.5 is influenced by a titratable group on the enzyme having a pKA of 5.5 +/- 0.2 at 20 degrees C. The basic form of the enzyme reacts much faster with carbon monoxide than does the protonated form of the enzyme. The delta H degrees for the ionization of the functional group in the enzyme involved in carbon monoxide binding is about 8 kcal mol-1, and the delta S degrees is approximately 1 cal mol 1 K-1. These pKA and delta H degrees values suggest that this functional group is an imidazole ring associated with a histidine residue situated at the active site of the enzyme. The rates of the reaction for the formation and dissociation of the complex suggest that this histidine residue is not directly liganded to the iron atom of the heme prosthetic group. The relatively good agreement between the various kinetic approaches with several methods of experimentation, data collection, and data analysis lends strength to a proposed model in which the histidine occupies a distal site close to the sixth axial ligand position of the heme iron atom. PMID- 7126548 TI - Anation of laccase type 2 copper by azide and thiocyanate ions. AB - A mechanistic study of the anation of type 2 Cu(II) in fully oxidized laccase by azide and thiocyanate ions (X-) is reported. The rate data support a mechanism involving rapid formation of an outer-sphere complex (laccase . X-) followed by rate-limiting dissociative interchange to give the inner-sphere complex (laccase X-) product: (formula; see text) Rate parameters for the laccase-azide reaction are k'2 = 1.25 X 10(-1) s-1 and k'-2 = 1.50 X 10(-2) s-1; those for the laccase thiocyanate reaction are k'2 = 2.0 X 10(-2) s-1 and k'-2 = 1.1 X 10(-2) s-1 (25 degrees C, pH 6.1 phosphate buffer, I = 0.5 M). Although the rate law for anation of type 2 Cu(II) by N3- in 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (Mes) or acetate medium (kobsd = k3 + k4[N3-]) differs from that observed in phosphate buffer, the data may still be accounted for in terms of the above mechanism, with Kos[N3-] much less than 1 [in Mes, k3 = 2.2 X 10(-2) s-1 and k4 = 3.3 X 10(-1) M-1 s-1; in acetate, k3 = 2.1 X 10(-2) s-1 and k4 = 3.4 X 10(-1) M-1 s-1 (25 degrees C, pH 6.0, I = 0.25 M)]. The equilibrium and spectroscopic characteristics of the laccase type 2 Cu(II)-N3- complex are compared with those of low molecular weight copper(II)-azide species, and the factors responsible for the very low substitutional reactivity of the type 2 cupric ion are discussed. PMID- 7126547 TI - Subnucleosomes and their relationships to the arrangement of histone binding sites along nucleosome deoxyribonucleic acid. PMID- 7126549 TI - Inhibition of isocitrate lyase by 3-nitropropionate, a reaction-intermediate analogue. PMID- 7126550 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance study of interaction of ligands with streptococcus faecium dihydrofolate reductase labeled with [gamma-13C]tryptophan. PMID- 7126551 TI - Tubulin adenosine diphosphate ribosylation is catalyzed by cholera toxin. AB - Cholera toxin catalyzed the transfer of radioactive label from [adenine-2,8 3H2]NAD+ or ((32P]NAD+ to rat C6 glioma cell membrane and cytosolic proteins. Labeled proteins were resolved by polyacrylamide-NaDodSO4 gel or two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and stained with Coomassie blue, and the gels were subjected to fluorography or autoradiography. Autoradiograms of gels revealed labeled Mr 42000 and 46000-48000 membrane proteins that are putative subunits of the regulatory component (G/F) of the C6 cell hormone-sensitive adenylate cyclase. Cholera toxin also catalyzed the labeling of several cytosolic proteins including a Mr 54000 protein that was observed in autoradiograms of two-dimensional gels to migrate as an acidic satellite relative to Coomassie-stained C6 cell tubulin. Tubulin modified by ADP-ribosylation would undergo an acid shift relative to the stained unmodified tubulin in two-dimensional gels. The data led us to postulate that tubulin undergoes cholera toxin catalyzed ADP-ribosylation. Bovine brain tubulin prepared by three cycles of warm/cold polymerization/depolymerization was incubated with [32P]NAD+, GTP, and cholera toxin and then subjected to two dimensional gel electrophoresis. Autoradiograms of the gels revealed the presence of [32P]ADP-ribosylated proteins that migrated as acidic satellites relative to the Coomassie-stained brain alpha and beta tubulin. Peptide maps of bovine brain tubulin and the associated [32P]ADP-ribosylated proteins showed a correspondence between the autoradiographic images and the stained peptide fragments. The data demonstrate that cholera toxin catalyzes the ADP-ribosylation of tubulin. PMID- 7126552 TI - Absorption spectral properties of acetylated bacteriorhodopsin in purple membrane depending on pH. AB - The dark-adapted form of bacteriorhodopsin in the purple membrane of Halobacterium halobium changes its absorption maximum from 560 to 600 nm if the pH is lowered to about 2 [Oesterhelt, D., & Stoeckenius, W. (1971) Nature (London), New Biol. 233, 149; Moore, T. A., Edgerton, M. E., Parr, G., Greenwood, C., & Perham, R. N. (1978) Biochem. J. 171, 469; Mowery, P. C., Lozier, R. H., Chae, Q., Tseng, T.-W., Taylor, M., & Stoeckenius, W. (1979) Biochemistry 18, 4100; Fischer, U., & Oesterhelt, D. (1979) Biophys. J. 28, 211; Muccio, D. D., & Cassim, J. Y. (1979) J. Mol. Biol. 135, 595]. We compared the pH dependence of the absorption spectra of acetylated membrane with that of unacetylated native membrane. The completely acetylated membrane showed a midpoint of pH 4.8 for the conversion to the acidic form; that of the native membrane was 3.4. On acetylation, the absorption maximum at neutral pH moved from 560 to 555 nm with about 20% decreases in extinction coefficients as compared with that of the native membrane, whereas the spectrum in acid was not affected. The chloride dependent blue shift from the acidic form of the acetylated membrane was largely suppressed. The CD spectrum of the acetylated membrane was composed of two bands of an opposite sign with slightly decreased amplitudes. The chromophore of the acetylated membrane was sensitive to hydroxylamine, and the spectrum before bleaching was restored on addition of all-trans-retinal to the bleached membrane followed by dark incubation. Blue light irradiation accelerated the conversion to the acidic form in the native membrane but not in the acetylated membrane. Reductive ethylation did not affect the pH dependence of the absorption spectra. PMID- 7126553 TI - Isolation and characterization of a new hydroxamic acid from Pseudomonas mildenbergii. AB - A low molecular weight hydroxamic acid was produced by Pseudomonas mildenbergii in iron-deficient media associated with green fluorescent peptides. The chemical structure of this hydroxamic acid has been investigated for comparison to known iron-binding siderophores. The hydroxamic acid was extracted from lyophilized culture media with ethanol and methanol and crystallized as the hydrochloride. The product had a molecular weight of 202.6 and an empirical formula of C9H11O2N X HCl and contained hydroxylamine nitrogen. The infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectral data suggested that the chemical structure was N methylphenylacetohydroxamic acid. N-Methylphenylacetohydroxamic acid was synthesized, and its melting point, elemental analysis, and molecular weight were identical with those of the natural product. The compound chelated ferric iron, producing a distinctive iron chelate absorption band at 470 nm. Its relationship to the green fluorescent peptides is discussed. PMID- 7126554 TI - Polymerization thermodynamics and structural stabilities of skeletal muscle actins from vertebrates adapted to different temperatures and hydrostatic pressures. PMID- 7126556 TI - Modification of bovine heart mitochondrial transhydrogenase with tetranitromethane. AB - Modification of pyridine dinucleotide transhydrogenase with tetranitromethane resulted in inhibition of its activity. Development of a membrane potential in submitochondrial particles during the reduction of 3-acetylpyridine adenine dinucleotide (AcPyAD+) by NADPH decreased to nearly the same extent as the transhydrogenase rate on tetranitromethane treatment of the membrane. Kinetics of the inactivation of homogeneous transhydrogenase and the enzyme reconstituted into phosphatidylcholine liposomes indicate that a single essential residue was modified per active monomer. NADP+, NADPH and NADH gave substantial protection against tetranitromethane inactivation of both the nonenergy-linked and energy linked transhydrogenase reactions of submitochondrial particles and the NADPH leads to AcPyAD+ reaction of reconstituted enzyme. NAD+ had no effect on inactivation. Tetranitromethane modification of reconstituted transhydrogenase resulted in a decrease in the rate of coupled H+ translocation that was comparable to the decrease in the rate of NADPH leads to AcPyAD+ transhydrogenation. It is concluded that tetranitromethane modification controls the H+ translocation process solely through its effect on catalytic activity, rather than through alteration of a separate H+-binding domain. Nitrotyrosine was not found in tetranitromethane-treated transhydrogenase. Both 5,5'-dithiobis(2 nitrobenzoate)-accessible and buried sulfhydryl groups were modified with tetranitromethane. NADH and NADPH prevented sulfhydryl reactivity toward tetranitromethane. These data indicate that the inhibition seen with tetranitromethane results from the modification of a cysteine residue. PMID- 7126555 TI - Sulfhydryl chemistry and solubility properties of human plasma apolipoprotein B. PMID- 7126557 TI - The nature of the changes in liver mitochondrial function induced by glucagon treatment of rats. The effects of intramitochondrial volume, aging and benzyl alcohol. AB - (1) The effects of changes in the intramitochondrial volume, benzyl alcohol treatment and calcium-induced mitochondrial aging on the behaviour of liver mitochondria from control and glucagon-treated rats are reported. (2) The stimulatory effects of glucagon on mitochondrial respiration, pyruvate metabolism and citrulline synthesis could be mimicked by hypo-osmotic treatment of control mitochondria and reversed by calcium-induced aging of mitochondria or by treatment with 20 mM benzyl alcohol. Hypo-osmotic treatment increased the matrix volume whilst aging but not benzyl alcohol decreased this parameter. (3) Liver mitochondria from glucagon and adrenaline-treated rats were shown to be less susceptible to damage by exposure to calcium than control mitochondria and frequently showed slightly (15%) elevated intramitochondrial volumes. (4) Aging, benzyl alcohol and hypo-osmotic media increased the susceptibility of mitochondria to damage caused by exposure to calcium. (5) Glucagon-treated mitochondria were less leaky to adenine nucleotides than control mitochondria. (6) These results suggest that glucagon may exert its action on a wide variety of mitochondrial parameters through a change in the disposition of the inner mitochondrial membrane, possibly by stabilisation against endogenous phospholipase A2 activity. This effect may be mimicked by an increase in the matrix volume or reversed by calcium-dependent mitochondrial aging. PMID- 7126558 TI - Discrimination of ascorbate-dependent nonenzymatic and enzymatic, membrane-bound reduction of nitric oxide in denitrifying Pseudomonas perfectomarinus. AB - The marine nitrite-respiring (denitrifying) bacterium, Pseudomonas perfectomarinus, catalyzes by a membrane-bound enzyme the reduction of nitric oxide to nitrous oxide with ascorbic-reduced phenazine methosulfate as electron donor. The entire nitric oxide-reducing capability of a cell-free system was membrane bound and this process was studied with respect to pH and substrate dependency. The enzymatic process was perturbed by an identical nonenzymatic reduction by iron(II) ascorbate in neutral to alkaline aqueous solution. 2 mol nitric oxide and 1 mol ascorbate were consumed per mol nitrous oxide formed. Enzymatic and nonenzymatic processes were discriminated by their differential behavior towards pH and metal-chelating agents. The pH optimum for the enzymatic and nonenzymatic reaction was 5.2 and greater than 7.0, respectively. EDTA (10 mM) inhibited the nonenzymatic reduction completely without interfering with the membrane-bound activity. The nonenzymatic system mimics the reaction of nitric oxide reductase and could serve as a model to study the formation of the N-N bond in denitrification. Enzymatic generation of nitric oxide by cytochrome cd and subsequent nonenzymatic reduction to nitrous oxide simulate an overall quasi enzymatic nitrous oxide formation by cytochrome cd. The nonenzymatic reduction of nitric oxide might have occurred in previous work due to the ubiquitous use of ascorbate in studies on nitrite respiration and the likelihood of adventitious iron in biological samples. PMID- 7126559 TI - General rate equations and rejection criteria for the rapid equilibrium carrier model of cotransport. AB - It is demonstrated that under fixed activator conditions the general flux equation for the rapid equilibrium carrier model of cotransport can be written entirely in terms of five independent kinetic constants. Thus the kinetic parameters from any experiment carried out under the same activator conditions must necessarily be expressible in terms of these five constants. These predicted relationships between experimental kinetic parameters provide rejection criteria for the model, a number of which are derived here. Generalization of the treatment to the case where a competitive substrate is present on both sides of the membrane is also given. PMID- 7126561 TI - Interaction of acidic liposomes with red blood cells. Induction of endocytosis and shedding of particles. AB - Calcium ions induced tight binding of massive amounts of liposomes containing cardiolipin, phosphatidyl-ethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine to erythrocytes. Initially, liposome-liposome fusion occurred and only subsequently the resulting large structures adhered to cells. Large clumps composed of liposomes and cells were formed. Upon prolonged incubation, the clumps were dissipated spontaneously and excess liposomes were released. A constant amount of phospholipid (15-25 nmol/10(8) cells) were incorporated into the cell membranes. Upon disaggregation, the cells shed erythrocyte particles. The latter were isolated and shown to contain lipids from both cellular and liposomal origin. The particles lacked spectrins and contained variable amounts of band 3 content. Liposomes induced endocytosis in reticulocytes but not in mature erythrocytes. In most cases, the liposomes themselves were not engulfed by the cells and remained attached to their surface. The relevance of this phenomenon to delivery to liposome contents into cells is discussed. PMID- 7126560 TI - X-ray diffraction analysis of dehydrated myelin. AB - Improved X-ray diffraction data from dry nerve myelin are presented. In addition to the spacing of approx. 150 A, 44 A and 34.6 A, which have been previously reported, we identify a 14 A series. The data suggests that the hydrocarbon chains in the single bilayer (approximately equal to 60 A) is ordered, whereas in the double bilayer (approximately equal to 150 A) and in the fluid phase (approximately equal to 44 A) it is disordered. It is shown that cholesterol (approximately equal to 34.6 A) exists as a bilayer, and the 14 A series is probably another cholesterol phase. PMID- 7126563 TI - Interaction of phloretin with the anion transport protein of the red blood cell membrane. AB - Phloretin is an inhibitor of anion exchange and glucose and urea transport in human red cells. Equilibrium binding the kinetic studies indicate that phloretin binds to band 3, a major integral protein of the red cell membrane. Equilibrium phloretin binding has been found to be competitive with the binding of the anion transport inhibitor, 4,4'-dibenzamido-2,2'-disulfonic stilbene (DBDS), which binds specifically to band 3. The apparent binding (dissociation) constant of phloretin to red cell ghost band 3 in 28.5 mM citrate buffer, pH 7.4, 25 degree C, determined from equilibrium binding competition, is 1.8 +/- 0.1 microM. Stopped-flow kinetic studies show that phloretin decreases the rate of DBDS binding to band 3 in a purely competitive manner, with an apparent phloretin constant of 1.6 +/- 0.4 microM. The pH dependence of equilibrium binding studies show that it is the charged, anionic form of phloretin that competes with DBDS binding, with an apparent phloretin inhibition constant of 1.4 microM. The phloretin binding and inhibition constants determined by equilibrium binding, kinetic and pH studies are all similar to the inhibition constant of phloretin for anion exchange. These studies suggest that phloretin inhibits anion exchange in red cells by a specific interaction between phloretin and band 3. PMID- 7126565 TI - Chick heart plasma membranes. Isolation and analysis of autophosphorylation. AB - Plasma membranes have been isolated from hearts of 10-day embryonic and newborn chicks. The membranes obtained were highly enriched in muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, K+ -stimulated, ouabain-sensitive p-nitrophenylphosphatase and 5' nucleotidase. There was little contamination of the membrane fractions by the mitochondrial membranes or by contractile proteins. The autophosphorylation of the isolated membrane fractions was analyzed by measuring 32P incorporation from [gamma-32P]ATP into total membrane protein and into individual membrane components. Membranes obtained from embryonic hearts contained significantly more cAMP-dependent and -independent protein kinase activities than membranes from newborn chick hearts. Treatment of the membranes with Triton X-100 or the peptide ionophore alamethicin increased phosphorylation in membranes from either newborn or embryonic hearts. Membranes from embryonic hearts contained substrates for membrane-bound cAMP-dependent and -independent protein kinases either not observed or present in low amount in membranes from newborn hearts, and vice versa. Notably, a 38 kDa protein was markedly phosphorylated by endogenous cAMP dependent protein kinase in plasma membrane enriched fractions from embryonic hearts. This phosphoprotein was not easily detected in any fraction obtained from newborn hearts. One cAMP-dependent phosphoprotein had an Mr of 27000 or 11000, depending on the conditions used to solubilize it. This protein was present in sarcolemma-enriched membranes as well as membrane fractions containing sarcoplasmic reticulum. There was more of this phosphoprotein in newborn heart membranes than in embryonic hearts. The phosphorylation of this protein was markedly enhanced by the peptide ionophore alamethicin. A second cAMP-dependent phosphoprotein with an Mr of 27000 was also detected in the sarcolemma-enriched membranes. PMID- 7126564 TI - Effects of poly(ethylene glycol) on liposomes and erythrocytes. Permeability changes and membrane fusion. AB - Poly(ethylene glycol) 6000 induced a concentration-dependent, time-dependent decrease in the latency of the reaction between Arsenazo III sequestered in liposomes and extraliposomal Ca2+. This was mediated by a gross change in liposomal permeability, i.e. by a release of Arsenazo III from liposomes rather than simply by an entry of Ca2+. The loss of latency was strongly temperature dependent, and it was markedly diminished on increasing the cholesterol content of the liposomes. It was apparently not due to an osmotic stress of the polymer. The high activation energy found (63 kJ . mol-1) is thought to indicate that the loss of latency resulted from local discontinuities in the lipid bilayers, caused by dehydration, rather than from partial or total lysis. Related microscopy experiments indicated that the polymer also caused the liposomes to fuse, and it is suggested that membrane fusion may have occurred at the sites of dehydration induced discontinuities in adjacent bilayers. In addition, the polymer was found to enhance the permeability of hen erythrocytes of Ca2+ in a manner that was comparable to its effect on liposomal latency, and it is proposed that gel fusion induced by poly(ethylene glycol) may occur at the sites of similarly induced discontinuities in the phospholipid bilayers of two closely adjacent cells. PMID- 7126562 TI - Tryptic peptide map analysis of the major human blood platelet membrane glycoproteins separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. AB - Washed platelets were surface-labelled by lactoperoxidase catalyzed iodination and either the platelets or membranes were solubilized in detergent and applied to a wheat germ agglutinin-Sepharose column and a Lens culinaris lectin Sepharose column coupled sequentially. The glycoproteins eluted from the lectin columns were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Alternatively, labelled whole platelets or membranes were solubilized and then directly separated by two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Spots corresponding to specific glycoproteins identified by apparent isoelectric point (pI), apparent molecular weight (Mr), staining and labelling characteristics were cut from the gels and analyzed by tryptic peptide mapping. The maps of the individual glycoproteins(GP) Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb, GP4-4.5 132-135, IIIa, IIIb and IIIc were all different. Glycoproteins with the same Mr but different pI were distinct with the exception of regions of GP Ib. There were minor differences in the maps of glycoproteins separated in the reduced or non-reduced state. Tryptic peptide maps provide a valuable additional parameter for the identification and characterization of platelet glycoproteins. PMID- 7126566 TI - The lower limit to the size of small sonicated phospholipid vesicles. AB - The effective hydrodynamic radius of small sonicated phospholipid vesicles has been measured by photon correlation laser light scattering. It is found that the minimum radius obtained for these vesicles is within the range 10.25 +/- 0.55 nm independent of the phospholipid hydrocarbon chain length for synthetic phosphatidylcholines in the even numbered series of 12 to 18 carbons per hydrocarbon chain. The minimum radius of vesicles of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine is 10.7 +/- 0.3 nm. PMID- 7126567 TI - The interaction of hemin and bilirubin with the human red cell membrane. AB - The incubation of 0.5% suspension of fresh normal erythrocytes with hemin or bilirubin resulted in substantial hemolysis. The amount of hemolysis achieved depended on the concentration of the lytic agents. In each concentration maximum hemolysis was reached within half an hour. The hemolytic effect was somewhat dependent on temperature. Comparison with the hemolytic effect of hemin on mice (Chau, A.C. and Fitch, C.D. (1980) J. Clin. Invest. 66, 856-858) showed that although both cells undergo hemolysis by hemin, the behaviour of each red cell type is different. Centrifugation and fluorescence quenching of membrane embedded probe revealed that both hemin and bilirubin bind to the red cell membrane, hemin having higher affinity. The reaction was found to be hydrophobic and therefore independent of ionic strength. The high affinity of the membrane for hemin was shown by its ability to compete successfully with globin for hemin. Electron microscopy of the red cells which underwent hemolysis indicated cell damage and some membrane destruction. Red cell ghosts were totally disrupted when saturated with hemin. These results suggest an explanation for hemolytic events occurring in cases such as elevation of serum bilirubin or abnormalities leading to hemin release by hemoglobin. PMID- 7126568 TI - Concanavalin A binding and cytodifferentiation in pancreatic acinar carcinoma of rat. AB - The binding of concanavalin A to the plasmalemma of acinar carcinoma cells was characterized by electron microscopy utilizing horseradish peroxidase. Heavy labeling due to specific concanavalin A binding was detected on the plasmalemma of undifferentiated carcinoma cells lacking zymogen maturation, neoplastic cells of intermediate differentiation with only occasional zymogen granules, and highly differentiated acinar carcinoma cells containing numerous cytoplasmic zymogen granules. The plasmalemma of acinar carcinoma cells was also compared to the normal pancreatic acinar cell plasmalemma by measurement of specific 125I-labeled concanavalin A binding. Although only about one-third of pancreatic acinar carcinoma cells demonstrate mature zymogen differentiation, the acinar carcinoma had a full complement of normal plasmalemma receptors for 125I-labeled concanavalin A. It is concluded that, unlike normal pancreas, the presence of concanavalin A receptors on the plasmalemma of acinar carcinoma cells is not a specific membrane marker for differentiated cells containing zymogen granules. PMID- 7126570 TI - The physical state of quick-frozen membranes and lipids. AB - Lipid bilayers and biomembranes produce nearly identical calorimeter scans regardless of whether they are slowly cooled under near-equilibrium conditions or rapidly frozen at rates used in freeze-fracture electron microscopy. Except for the melting of ice at 273 K, for both cooling regimens no significant thermal events occur from 100 K to the usual gel to liquid crystal transition. The gel to liquid crystal transition itself is somewhat altered by rapid cooling when bilayers contain mixed lipid species. Combined with X-ray diffraction studies, the results indicate that quickly frozen bilayers are crystalline, but that the crystalline domains are quite small or otherwise disordered. In contrast to the behavior of lipids in bilayers, hexagonal-phase calcium cardiolipin easily forms a glass upon cooling. PMID- 7126569 TI - Changes in membrane surface properties of hepatic peroxisomes of rats under several conditions as determined by partition in aqueous polymer two-phase systems. AB - Changes in membrane surface properties of hepatic peroxisomes of rats under several conditions were observed by aqueous polymer two-phase systems, which contained 6% (w/w) dextran T 500, 6% (w/w) polyethyleneglycol 4000, 250 mmol sucrose/kg and various concentrations of sodium phosphate buffer. The partition of peroxisomes into the upper phase depended to a large extent on their membrane surface charge. The cross-points of peroxisomes shifted from 5.55 to 5.25 and 5.2 after the administration of clofibrate and aspirin for 2 weeks, respectively, although that of alloxan-diabetic rat peroxisomes was not altered. The hydrophobic properties of peroxisomes, examined by means of a partition containing polyethyleneglycol monostearate, were altered by diabetes and starvation, but no change occurred in rats treated with clofibrate or aspirin. In the liver of rats fed a high-fat diet, the partition of peroxisomes was the same as that of the control. These findings indicate that hypolipidemic drugs such as clofibrate and aspirin induce the proliferation of peroxisomes and lead to the alteration of the surface charge of peroxisomal membranes. Diabetes or fasting lead to an alteration mainly of the hydrophobic properties. Both changes are probably due to alteration of content and/or composition of the proteins and the phospholipids in peroxisomal membrane under the conditions used. PMID- 7126571 TI - Metastable phase behavior of a sphingolipid analogue. AB - The phase behavior of the sphingolipid analogue 1-palmitoyl-2 tridecanylcarbamyloxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (CM-PC) has been studied by differential scanning calorimetry. When CM-PC is cooled at rates greater than 5 K/min, subsequent heating runs exhibit metastable behavior: a low enthalpy exotherm is observed at about 9 degrees C (delta H = -(1-2)kcal/mol), followed by a high enthalpy endotherm at 38 degrees C (delta H = 13 kcal/mol). Systematic variation of cooling/heating protocols indicates that CM-PC exhibits two low temperature states, one metastable and the other stable. Cooling from the liquid crystalline state results in formation of the metastable low-temperature polymorph I, which must transform into the stable low-temperature polymorph II before the liquid crystalline state can be reached again. This metastable thermal behavior is virtually identical to that recently reported for synthetic palmitoyl cerebroside (Ruocco, M.J., Atkinson, D., Small, D.M., Skarjune, R.P., Oldfield, E. and Shipley, G.G. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 5957-5966) and for bovine brain n acylcerebrosides (Curatolo, W. (1982) Biochemistry, 21, 1761-1764). The observation of the metastable phase behavior of CM-PC indicates that the sphingosine backbone is not a prerequisite for such metastable behavior. Furthermore, the carbamyl group in CM-PC is reversed in orientation compared with the amide of sphingolipids (-NH-CO- vs. -CO-NH-), suggesting that the intermolecular hydrogen bonding potential, rather than some highly specific steric or conformational constraint, is responsible for the observed metastability of sphingolipids. PMID- 7126572 TI - [NMR studies of glycerol permeability in lipid vesicles, erythrocytes and the alga Dunaliella]. AB - Glycerol diffusional permeabilities through the cytoplasmic cell membrane of Dunaliella salina, the cell envelope of pig erythrocyte and egg phosphattidylcholine vesicles were measured by NMR spectroscopy employing the spin-echo method and nuclear T1 relaxation. The following permeability coefficients (P) and corresponding enthalpies of activation (delta H not equal to ) were determined for glycerol at 25 degree C: for phosphatidylcholine vesicles 5 . 10-6 cm/s and 11 +/- 2 kcal/mol; for pig erythrocytes 7 . 10-8 cm/s and 18 +/- 3 kcal/mol, respectively; for the cytoplasmic membrane of D. salina the permeability at 17 degrees C was found to be exceptionally low and only a lower limit (P less than 5 . 10-11 cm/s) could be calculated. At temperatures above 50 degree C a change in membrane permeability occurred leading to rapid leakage of glycerol accompanied by cell death. The data reinforce the notion that the cytoplasmic membrane of Dunaliella represents a genuine anomaly in its exceptional low permeability to glycerol. PMID- 7126573 TI - The diffusional water permeability in the halotolerant alga dunaliella as measured by nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - T1 nuclear relaxation measurements of 1H and 17O of water have been applied to study the kinetics of the diffusional transport of water across the cytoplasmic cell membrane of Dunaliella salina and Dunaliella bardawil. The water permeability coefficients at 25 degree C were found to be 1.5.10-3 cm/s and 1.8.10-3 cm/s, respectively, with an activation energy of 3.7 kcal/mol. The results indicate that the cell membrane of Dunaliella exhibits high diffusional permeability to water, similar in magnitude to that found for other cells and model membranes, and a relatively low activation energy. This regularity is in contrast to the exceptionally low glycerol permeability of the membrane (Brown, F.F., Sussman, I., Avron, M. and Degani, H. (1982) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 690, 165-173. PMID- 7126574 TI - X-ray diffraction analysis of wet isolated bovine rod outer segment disks. A dehydration study. AB - Sequences of X-ray diffraction patterns were obtained from dehydrating, artificially oriented multilayers of isolated, bovine rod outer segment disks. A direct-phase analysis was applied to highly hydrated specimens to determine sequences of low resolution (approx. 30 A) electron density profiles of the disks as dehydration proceeded. The profiles were found to evolve smoothly as the multilayer lattice simultaneously shrank and became increasingly ordered. The bilayer profiles were largely invariant under dehydration and the evolution of the diffraction consistent with simple decreases in fluid spacings. The specimens were observed to phase separate into characteristic primary and a secondary lattices when the multi-layer became too dehydrated. The small unit cell size of the secondary lattice was suggestive of a lipid phase. Large changes in the diffraction patterns from phase separated specimens were observed upon bleaching of the specimen. The changes were consistent with a reversible disordering of the primary lattice. PMID- 7126575 TI - Interaction of a human plasma lipid transfer protein complex with lipid monolayers. AB - The interaction of a purified human plasma lipid transfer complex with cholesteryl ester, triacylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine in binary and ternary lipid monolayers was investigated. The lipid transfer complex, designated LTC, catalyzes the removal of cholesteryl oleate and triacylglycerol from phosphatidylcholine monolayers. Preincubation of LTC with p-chloromercuriphenyl sulfonate inhibits LTC-catalyzed removal of triacylglycerol; cholesteryl ester removal is not affected. The rate of LTC-facilitated removal of cholesteryl oleate from a phosphatidylcholine monolayer depends on the amount of LTC added to the subphase up to 100 micrograms protein. In addition, the rate of the LTC catalyzed transfer of cholesteryl oleate to the subphase increases linearly as the amount of cholesteryl oleate in the monolayer increases to 6 mol%. LTC also removes cholesterol from phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol monolayers, albeit at a rate which is 15% of that for removal of cholesteryl oleate. The ability of LTC to facilitate triacylglycerol and cholesteryl ester removal depends on the composition of the monolayer. Phosphatidylcholine supports cholesteryl ester transfer whereas sphingomyelin-cholesteryl ester monolayers are almost refractory to LTC. In contrast, LTC removes triacylglycerol from either a phosphatidylcholine or a sphingomyelin monolayer. The results suggest the existence of at least two lipid transfer proteins, one of which catalyzes the removal of cholesteryl ester and the other triacylglycerol. The role of these proteins as they relate to lipoprotein metabolism is discussed. PMID- 7126576 TI - LM fibroblast plasma membrane subfractionation by affinity chromatography on con A-sepharose. AB - Affinity chromatography was used to determine the heterogeneity and orientation of plasma membrane vesicles isolated from LM fibroblasts subjected to Dounce homogenization. Two plasma membrane subfractions were obtained by Con A-Sepharose affinity chromatography of LM fibroblast plasma membranes prepared by Dounce homogenization. The desmosterol-phospholipid molar ratio, the phospholipid composition, and the phospholipid fatty acid composition were almost identical between the two fractions. However, the lipid to protein ratio was almost 2-fold greater in the nonadherent fraction A. The binding of fluorescein-concanavalin A was the same in both fractions indicating a right-sided-out orientation of the vesicles. Similarly and asymmetric distribution of phosphatidylethanolamine in both membrane fractions was the same. In contrast, sialic acid content, 5' nucleotidase activity, and (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity were 47%, 3.7-fold, and 2.5 fold greater, respectively, in the nonadherent, lipid-rich fraction A. Structural properties of the two membrane fractions determined by fluorescence polarization and arrhenius plots of trans-parinaric acid fluorescence were similar. These results indicate that concanavalin-A affinity chromatography separates two membrane fractions differing in sialic acid content, lipid content, and enzyme profile but having the same right-side-out orientation. PMID- 7126577 TI - Differential scanning calorimetry of milk fat globule membranes. AB - Differential scanning calorimetry was employed as an aid in examining the structure of the bovine milk fat globule membrane. At least six major endotherms are observed between 10 and 90 degree C, corresponding to order-disorder transitions of discrete structural domains of the membrane. These endothermic transitions occur at 16, 28, 43, 58, 68, and 75 degrees C. The transitions occurring between 10 and 50 degrees C were reversible, suggesting the involvement of lipid. However, the high temperature transitions were irreversible. The calorimetric C transition, center at 43 degree C, was shown to involve neutral lipid, since the endotherm was reversible, insensitive to proteolysis, and similar to the endotherm of the isolated neutral lipid fraction of the milk fat globule membrane. The glycolipid and phospholipid fractions of the milk fat globule membrane yielded endotherms outside of the temperature range of the C transition. Another endotherm, the D transition (58 degree C), was found to involve the denaturation of the major membrane coat protein, butyrophilin (band 12). Evidence for this assignment included the following observations: (i) the nearly selective proteolysis of butyrophilin resulted in the complete removal of the D transition, (ii) the butyrophilin-enriched, Triton X-100-insoluble pellet of milk fat globule membrane yielded a relatively normal D transition, and (iii) the irreversible, disulfide-stabilized aggregation of butyrophilin occurred in the membrane solely at the temperature of the D transition. Furthermore, no other prominent milk fat globule membrane polypeptide formed these non-native disulfide crossbridges during the D transition. The sources of the other major endotherms of the milk fat globule membrane have not yet been assigned. PMID- 7126578 TI - Transient formation of the phosphoprotein during autophosphorylation of rat mammary gland Golgi vesicles. AB - Incubation with [gamma-32P] ATP of Golgi vesicles, prepared from the mammary tissue of lactating rats, resulted in the phosphorylation of four of the proteins in the preparation which were resolvable by sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Three of these had electrophoretic properties identical to the three major caseins of rat milk: their phosphorylation was approximately linear with respect to time during the course of the short (1 min) incubations analyzed. The fourth component (Mr,app. 70,000) behaved differently. It was very rapidly phosphorylated to a maximum level within 5 S at 0 degree C; its 32 P-content declined thereafter, with a t 1/2 for dephosphorylation of approx. 20 s. The extent of 32P incorporation into this component, measured after incubation for 20 s at 0 degree C with [gamma-32P] ATP, was sensitive to the concentration of Ca2+ in the incubation medium, being enhanced at low concentrations (less than 10-8 M) of Ca2+ and depressed at high (10-4 M) ones. Inclusion of ADP (100 microM) in such incubation also depressed 32P incorporation into the 70 kDa component. This phosphoprotein was further distinguished from the other three by virtue of the lability of its incorporated phosphorus to treatment with hot trichloroacetic acid. The properties and possible function of this phosphoprotein are discussed in relation to the ATP-dependent Ca2+ transport that occurs in this Golgi vesicle preparation. PMID- 7126579 TI - Ca2+-induced fusion of cardiolipin/phosphatidylcholine vesicles monitored by mixing of aqueous contents. AB - The kinetics of Ca2+-induced fusion of large (0.1 micrometer) unilamellar cardiolipin/phosphatidylcholine (1:1) vesicles have been investigated by continuous monitoring of the mixing of the aqueous vesicle contents. In parallel, release of vesicle contents to the external medium has been followed. Initial fusion of the vesicles is non-leaky, release of vesicle contents to the external medium have been followed. Initial fusion of the vesicles is non-leaky, release of vesicle contents being largely a secondary phenomenon. The minimal Ca2+ concentration required for fusion in this system is approx. 9 mM. At higher Ca2+ concentrations fusion is extremely fast, occurring on the time scale of seconds. PMID- 7126581 TI - The origin of the break in Arrhenius plots of membrane processes. PMID- 7126582 TI - Conformation and structure of 2-amino-8-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)imidazo [1,2-a]-s triazin-4-one(5-aza-7-deaza guanosine), a potent antiviral nucleoside. AB - The crystal and molecular structure of one imidazo[1,2-a]-s-triazine nucleoside and its antiviral activity are described. The crystal structure of 2-amino-8 (beta-D-ribofuranosyl)imidazo[1,2-a]-s-triazin-4-one monohydroate (C10H13N5O5.H2O) was solved by X-ray counter data. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21 with cell dimensions a = 7.353 (1), b = 6.465 (1), c = 13.701 (1) A, B = 104.64 (1) degrees. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined by full matrix least-squares technique to a final value of the conventional R-factor of 0.049 using 1998 observed intensities. The orientation of the base relative to the sugar ring defined in terms of rotating about the C(1')-N(8) glycosyl bond is anti (47.8 degrees). The ribose moiety exhibits C(2')-endo, E conformation. The conformation around C(4')-C(5') is gauche-. Molecular packing is dominated by hydrogen bonds. Base stacking occurs long the b axis. 5-Aza-7-deazaguanosine has shown a marked antiviral activity in vitro against herpes simplex virus despite the fact that N(3) is effective as the hydrogen acceptor only. PMID- 7126580 TI - Fluorescent labelling of proteins on thin layers of solid dansyl chloride. PMID- 7126585 TI - The effect of sodium butyrate on acetylation in vitro of chromosomal proteins in three classes of liver nuclei from different ages of rats. AB - The optimum conditions of in vitro incorporation of sodium [3H]acetate into sliced rat liver were studied. The incubations with sliced liver from three different ages of rats were performed in the presence of sodium n-butyrate. It was found that butyrate decreases the incorporation of sodium [3H]acetate into the homogenate, isolated nuclei, non-histone chromosomal proteins and histones for all age groups. The acetylations of non-histone chromosomal proteins and histones increase with age upto 2-months and decrease in 4-month-old rats both in the absence and presence of butyrate. Liver nuclei were fractionated by the simple method of zonal centrifugation into three classes, namely diploid stromal, diploid parenchymal and tetraploid parenchymal nuclei. The acetylations of non histone chromosomal proteins and histones in three classes of nuclei of three ages of rats were studied in the presence and absence of butyrate. Butyrate can decrease the overall acetylations of non-histone chromosomal proteins and histones but increase the amount of polyacetylated histone H4 in all classes of nuclei of the three ages. PMID- 7126583 TI - RNA folding is unaffected by the nonrandom degenerate codon choice. AB - The frequent suggestion that the nonrandom codon usage is explained by its forming more stable mRNAs is tested in 22 genes. Only the histones, globins, and the rat preproinsulin gene show a correlation between the preferred degenerate codons and the stability of the secondary structure of the their mRNAs. However, the examined members from the histone and globin gene families, both among the oldest, in evolutionary sense, eukaryotic genes, have a high GC content (approx. 56% compared to an average of 42% in all eukaryotes) which is reflected in their degenerate codon choice and thus in their more stable folding. PMID- 7126584 TI - The effect of high hydrostatic pressure on eukaryotic protein synthesis. AB - The pressure response of two eukaryotic protein synthesizing systems has been characterized. The rabbit reticulocyte system has been tested, both in vivo and in vitro, using endogenous polysomes and polyuridylic acid (poly U). In addition, the poly U-directed polyphenylalanine synthesizing system obtained from wheat germ was utilized. The effect of pressure on eukaryotic protein synthesis has been found to be basically similar to that observed in prokaryotic systems, although the response of the eukaryotic protein synthesizing system is somewhat more complex signifying a greater influence of overlapping reactions. Magnesium was found to affect eukaryotic systems in much the same way as has been reported for prokaryotic systems, i.e., increasing the Mg2+ concentration in a protein synthesizing system increases the barotolerance exhibited by the system. Under conditions of high Mg2+ concentration, however, extreme (up to 160%) stimulation of protein synthesis at lower pressure levels was observed in the eukaryotic systems. Such high stimulation is not apparent in prokaryotic systems. The poly U directed wheat germ system exhibited the most barotolerant polypeptide synthesis ever seen in our laboratory. This extreme barotolerance was only slightly decreased when the system was tested at reduced concentrations of magnesium. PMID- 7126586 TI - pH effects on the structure of the inner histones. AB - The structure of the inner histone complex extracted from chicken erythrocyte chromatin with 2 M NaCl has been studied as a function of pH. At pH 6, the complex dissociates to (H3-H4)2 tetramer and H2A.H2B dimer, with little change in alpha-helix content (as monitored by circular dichroism at 222 mm). Although the circular dichroism of tyrosyl side chains is also largely unchanged by the dissociation, measurements of intrinsic fluorescence do suggest a change in the environment of one or more tyrosines as a result of dissociation. Below pH 4, the histones become partially unfolded, lose specific secondary and tertiary structure, and undergo nonspecific aggregation. Both the pH 6 and 4 transitions, which are largely reversible, parallel pH-induced structural changes of nucleosomes (Zama, M., Olins, D.E., Prescott, B. and Thomas, G.J. (1978) Nucleic Acids Res. 5, 3881-3897). The results are consistent with the presence of tyrosine residues at the histone subunit-subunit contacts and suggest that histone conformation within the globular regions is largely independent of histone-DNA interactions. PMID- 7126587 TI - Disagreement in molecular weight determinations of dentin phosphoprotein. AB - The molecular weight of highly phosphorylated phosphoprotein from rat incisor dentin was estimated by three different methods: sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, gel chromatography in 6 M guanidinium chloride (GdnHCl) and analytical ultracentrifugation at high salt concentration. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed an abnormal migration of the phosphoprotein and its enzymatically dephosphorylated derivative in comparison to standard proteins. Depending on the acrylamide concentration in the gel (7.5 20%), the apparent molecular weight of the phosphoprotein varied from 90,000 to 27,000. Similar results were obtained for the dephosphorylated protein. In gel chromatography using 6 M GdnHCl as eluent the phosphoprotein had an elution volume corresponding to that of a standard protein with a molecular weight of 67,000, while the enzymatically dephosphorylated phosphoprotein showed an apparent molecular weight of 30,000. The phosphoprotein behaved non-ideally in equilibrium sedimentation runs. The apparent molecular weight was strongly concentration-dependent and the extrapolation to zero concentration was uncertain. However, after enzymatic dephosphorylation the concentration dependence disappeared and a molecular weight of 28,000 could be calculated. Since the phosphate groups represent 26% of the phosphoprotein by weight, the true molecular weight of the highly phosphorylated phosphoprotein components from rat incisor dentin should be 38,000. The study shows that it is not possible directly to estimate the molecular weight of this type of protein by standard methods elaborated for normal globular proteins. PMID- 7126589 TI - Purification and partial characterization of an agglutinin from Phaseolus coccineus var. 'alubia'. AB - An agglutination from seeds of 'alubia', a Mexican strain of Phaseolus coccineus, has been purified by affinity chromatography using physically entrapped stroma. The protein appears to be homogeneous by electrophoresis, molecular sieve chromatography and ultracentrifugation. A molecular species of approx. Mr 112,000, with S values of 6.25, 4.52, 4.63 and 4.65 at pH 2.5, 4.5, 7.0 and 9.5, respectively, consisting of four similar subunits (28 kDa), and containing 20% W/W glucosamine, is found to be responsible for the hemagglutinating capacity of 'alubia' extracts. No sugar able to inhibit agglutination has been found. The possibility that hemagglutination by Ph. coccineus var. 'alubia' involves cell receptors other than simple carbohydrate structures must therefore be considered. PMID- 7126588 TI - Immunochemical analysis of high molecular mass urinary proteins. AB - Urinary high molecular mass proteins (fraction P) solubilized in Triton X-100 and by papain have been compared with the solubilized human renal brush border membrane proteins. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis of Triton X-100 fraction P extract, by means of two polyspecific antisera directed against either renal membrane or fraction P, revealed eleven immunoprecipitates antigenically identical with detergent renal membrane antigens. Among them, five hydrolases were identified by zymogram staining: microvillus aminopeptidase, maltase, trehalase, gamma-glutamyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase. Eight papain solubilized fraction P proteins and Triton X-100-solubilized membrane extract presented 'identity' patterns in tandem crossed immunoelectrophoresis, but differed in their amphiphilicity, as demonstrated by the change of precipitation pattern on charge-shift caused immunoelectrophoresis. Among the eleven detergent solubilized fraction P antigens, nine were proved to be amphiphilic proteins and six presented bidirectional charge shifting properties similar to those of renal membrane antigens. Quantitatively, five detergent fraction P proteins were found in the same amounts as in renal membrane extract, two in lesser amounts and four in greater. Moreover, the same two plasma proteins were identified in fraction P as in the renal membrane. Thus important similarities exist between the urinary fraction P and the native renal membrane. PMID- 7126590 TI - Radiation-induced changes in purified prothrombin and thrombin. AB - The effect of gamma-irradiation on purified prothrombin and thrombin in aqueous solution has been assessed with reference to bifunctional activities, e.g., clotting and esterase functions, physico-chemical changes in structure, and kinetics. The inactivation curves indicated that the clotting activity was more susceptible to gamma-radiation than the esterolytic function in both the proteins. Prothrombin was comparatively more sensitive to radiation than thrombin. The irradiation of prothrombin (100 kR) caused modifications in the protein resulting in reduced formation of thrombin after activation by Factor Xa. The modifications caused by irradiation were assessed in these proteins by changes in spectral characteristics, levels of tryptophan and disulphides, electrophoretic mobility and amino acid composition. Radiation-induced changes in thrombin were reflected in its kinetic behaviour. The clotting activity of thrombin was almost completely lost at 100 kR, while esterolysis was relatively less affected. The modification of tyrosine and tryptophan residues in thrombin influenced the clotting activity, while these were not involved for esterolysis. Histidine had involvement in both these activities. PMID- 7126591 TI - Subunit dissociation and unfolding of bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase induced by guanidine hydrochloride. AB - Equilibrium and kinetic measurements were carried out on the denaturation of bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase (L-glutamate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase (deaminating), EC 1.4.1.3) induced by guanidine hydrochloride (Gdn-HCl) in 0.2 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.3) using two types of detection, light-scattering and circular dichroism. The results obtained in equilibrium studies showed that the enzyme exists in solution as hexamers of native subunit at Gdn-HCl concentrations below 0.6 M, as trimers of native subunit in the concentration range between 1.0 and 2.0 M, and as monomers with unfolded structure above 2.8 M. From the kinetic studies, it was found that the dissociation of hexamer to trimer takes place more rapidly than that of trimer to monomer by a factor of 10, and it was also found that the unfolding of the polypeptide chain occurs much more slowly than subunit dissociation. PMID- 7126592 TI - Effects of 1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine on the properties of a solubilized sialyltransferase activity from mouse liver. AB - Asialomucin-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate:D-galactosyl-glycoprotein N-acetylneuraminyltransferase, EC 2.4.99.1) activity was solubilized from mouse liver microsomes by sonication. The catalytic activity was markedly inhibited by a series of lysophosphatidylcholines, particularly 1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3 phosphorylcholine. This lysophospholipid did not alter optimal conditions for enzyme activity. In contrast, it was found that affinities for binding of Mn2+, desialylated mucin and CMP-sialic acid were decreased by adding the lipid. A reasonable interpretation of these data is that the presence of phospholipid modifies the enzyme conformation. PMID- 7126593 TI - Structural studies of collagen fibres from intervertebral disc. AB - A combined biochemical, X-ray and electron microscopic study is presented on the molecular structure of bovine and human intervertebral disc. Positively stained electron micrographs of Type I and Type II collagen are shown to have slightly but significantly different banding patterns. New low-angle meridional patterns from different anatomical parts of the intervertebral disc are reported from native and trypsin-extracted discs. Qualitative measurements of these intensities lead to the conclusion that in the nucleus pulposus of the disc, another molecule, probably proteoglycan, is ordered on the collagen fibrils at the axial level of the gap region. PMID- 7126595 TI - Vitreous structure. VI. Age-related changes in the thermal stability and crosslinks of vitreous, articular cartilage and tendon collagens. PMID- 7126594 TI - Neutral salt effects on the polymorphism of tobacco mosaic virus protein. A contribution to the understanding of its mechanism of aggregation and virus reassembly. PMID- 7126596 TI - Circular dichroism and biochemical properties of the hepatitis B virus core antigen. AB - The hepatitis B virus (HBV) core antigen was purified by mild procedures, including hydroxyapatite column chromatography, with care taken to avoid the degradation of the particles. Circular dichroism (CD) of the HBV core particles in saline showed low intensities of negative ellipticities in the region dominated by amide bond absorption. Acid treatment of the particles induced a remarkable change in the CD spectrum, with the appearance of a positive extremum at about 208 nm. The amino acid composition and the COOH-terminal residue of the isolated core polypeptide (Mr 21,000-21,500) were shown to be essentially the same as those of the polypeptide deduced from the nucleotide sequences which had been proposed for the HBV core antigen by other laboratories. We failed to detect any NH2-terminal dansyl-derivatives from the core polypeptide by the dansyl-Edman method. We also showed by the method of fluorescein polarization that the core polypeptide conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate has an affinity for serum albumin. This may indicate a state of disassembled or non-assembled core polypeptide in sera. PMID- 7126597 TI - Reversible inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase with aromatic hydrocarbons. AB - Reversible inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase (acylcholine acylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.8) with several aroma hydrocarbons was investigated and the results obtained were analyzed in terms of the hydrophobic interaction, making use of the solvent-water partition coefficients for the parameterization of the hydrophobic character of the ligand molecule. To obtain purely hydrophobic effects, the compounds incapable of specific solvation (hydrogen-bond formation) in water as well as in the hydrophobic phase were specially selected for the reaction series. Determination of the hydrophobic properties of the enzyme binding site allows further investigation into the other specificity-determining factors of the non covalent complex formation step of butyrylcholinesterase-catalyzed reactions. PMID- 7126598 TI - The helical conformations of 14- and 16-residue fragments of suzukacillin, a membrane channel-forming polypeptide. AB - The suzukacillin fragments, Boc-Ala-Aib-Aib-Gln-Aib-Leu-Aib-Gly-Leu-Aib-Pro-Val Aib-Aib-OMe (14), Boc-Ala-Aib-Ala-Aib-Aib-Gln-Aib-Leu-Aib-Gly-Leu-Aib-Pro-Val-Aib Aib-OMe (16G) and the completely apolar 16-residue peptide in which the glutamine residue has been replaced by alanine (16A) have been studied by 270 MHz 1H-HMR, in C2HCl3 and (C2H3)2SO solution. Intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded NH groups have been identified by temperature and solvent dependence of chemical shifts. Peptides 14 and 16A adopt folded 3(1)) helical conformations stabilized by 11 and 13 hydrogen bonds, respectively. In peptide 16G there are 12 intramolecular hydrogen bonds, with the glycine NH being solvent-exposed, in contrast to 14 and 16A. PMID- 7126599 TI - [Studies on sialidosis and mucolipidosis. Properties of neuraminidase in cultured skin fibroblasts]. PMID- 7126600 TI - The composition and polymeric structure of mucus glycoprotein from human gallbladder bile. PMID- 7126601 TI - A highly specific aminotripeptidase of rat brain cytosol. Substrate specificity and effects of inhibitors. AB - An aminopeptidase preferentially hydrolyzing Leu- or Ala-Gly-Gly was purified from rat brain cytosol and detailed studies have been performed on its substrate specificity and the effects of inhibitors. The enzyme was devoid of di- and oligopeptidase contamination. Biologically active tripeptides such as Met-Leu-Tyr (chemotactic factor), Gly-His-Lys (liver growth factor) and Thr-Val-leu central nervous system tripeptide) were hydrolyzed at rates 0.05-0.15-times that of Leu Gly-Gly. Melanostatin (Pro-Leu-GlyNH2) did not serve as a substrate. Substrates bearing N-terminal charged groups, or ones with proline in positions 2 or 3, or those with D-amino acid in positions 1 or 2, or with C-terminal CONH2, were poorly hydrolyzed or did not act as substrates, providing information on subsites involved in enzyme catalysis. The enzyme was inhibited competitively by bestatin (Ki 10-7 M) and by Captopril (2.5.10-7 M, D-3-thio-2-methylpropanyl proline) and by low concentrations of Zn2+ or PCMB, and at higher concentrations by TPCK and PMSF. Inhibition was observed for the chemotactic factor (I50 13 microM) and for the central nervous system tripeptide (195 microM). The enhanced action of Captopril was attributed to the presence of the -SH and -CH3 groups, since inhibition was shared by di- and tripeptides with proline in positions 2 and 3. The specificity pattern of brain enzyme was different from that reported for kidney and intestine. PMID- 7126602 TI - A convenient and rapid method for the complete removal of CoA from butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase. AB - The commercially available gel, 2-pyridyl disulphide hydroxypropyl ether Sepharose (thiopropyl-Sepharose 6B), can be used to remove bound ligand completely from butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.399.2) in two simple operations. The resultant enzyme forms normal complexes with acetoacetyl-CoA and CoA persulphide, contains no bound CoA as determined by the enzymatic assay for CoA, and retains full catalytic activity. PMID- 7126603 TI - Effect of ethanol consumption on the phospholipid composition of rat liver microsomes and mitochondria. AB - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained for 31 days on a liquid diet containing 36% of calories as ethanol. Pair-fed controls were administered a similar diet, but with maltose-dextrin isocalorically substituted for ethanol. A phospholipid analysis has been carried out in liver microsomes and mitochondria isolated from the two groups of animals. The phospholipid phosphorus/protein ratio was not significantly different in the organelles of the ethanol-fed animals as compared to the same organelles of liquid diet controls, which indicates that ethanol feeding did not influence the total phospholipid content of microsomes and mitochondria. The phospholipid distribution within organelles was not changed, except for a significant increase in the phosphatidylinositol content of microsomes from ethanol-fed animals. The fatty acid compositions of both microsomal and mitochondrial phospholipids were significantly altered by ethanol feeding. In microsomes from ethanol-fed rats, palmitic acid levels were lowered in the total phospholipid fraction, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine; oleic acid levels were elevated in microsomal phosphatidylethanolamine. In mitochondria from ethanol-fed animals, palmitic and arachidonic acid were lowered in phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Oleic and linoleic acid were elevated in the same phospholipids. In contrast, linoleic acid levels in cardiolipin were depressed significantly. These alterations in the fatty acid composition are suggestive of ethanol-induced changes in fatty acid desaturation activities. PMID- 7126604 TI - Marked overproduction of low density lipoprotein apolipoprotein B in a subject with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Effect of portacaval shunting. PMID- 7126605 TI - Chemical fingerprinting of non-acid glycosphingolipids in meconium of a human individual of blood group B Le(a-b+) and secretor. AB - In an attempt to elucidate blood group polymorphism systematically in human intestinal tissue, glycosphingolipids of meconia of single individuals have been studied. In this report we describe the major glycosphingolipids in meconium of a newborn typed as a B Le(a-b+) secretor. The glycolipids were analysed as four subfractions obtained after deacetylation of fractions from silicic acid column chromatography of the peracetylated total non-acid glycolipid extract. Chemical characterization (mass spectrometry and 1H-NMR spectroscopy of permethylated and LiA1H4-reduced permethylated derivatives) and immunological characterization (haemagglutination-inhibition of native glycolipids in the liposome form) revealed a very complex pattern of fucosyl-containing glycolipids, probably the result of several blood group glycosyltransferase activities. The major fucolipids, all based on lactotetraosylceramide, had a characteristic ceramide of mainly phytosphingosine and 2-hydroxy fatty acids with 16 and 20-24 carbon atoms. PMID- 7126606 TI - The modification of lipid composition in L-M cultured cells supplemented with elaidate. Increased formation of fatty alcohols. AB - Supplementation of culture medium with elaidic acid (40 micrograms/ml) resulted in the incorporation of this acid into 50% of the acyl groups of phospholipids in L-M cells; elaidate was esterified at both the sn-1 and the sn-2 positions of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. In addition, elaidate supplementation of L-M cells induces the accumulation of free fatty alcohols, alkyldiacylglycerols and wax esters/cholesterol esters. The concentration of intracellular free fatty alcohols increased as a function of the concentration of elaidic acid in the growth medium and the duration of exposure. However, the concentration of alcohol-containing lipids, total alkyl and alk-1-enyl lipids, was only slightly decreased. This decrease was much less than the increase in the level of free fatty alcohols. Therefore, we conclude that when elaidic acid is supplemented to L-M cells in culture, a net increase in the production of free fatty alcohols occurs. PMID- 7126607 TI - Purification of rat liver mitochondrial phospholipase A2. AB - Rat liver mitochondrial phospholipase A2 was purified to near homogeneity by a combination of gel-filtration, hydroxyapatite and Matrex gel Blue A column chromatography. The absolute positional specificity of the enzyme for acylester bonds at the sn-2-position was established in experiments with 1-[9,10 3H2]palmitoyl-2-[1-14C]linoleoylphosphatidylethanolamine. Molecular weight estimations revealed Mr values of 15000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and of 9700 gel by gel-filtration over Ultrogel AcA 54 columns. The enzyme is unaffected by diisopropylfluorophosphate and thiol reagents such as 5,5' dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), N-ethylmaleimide and iodoacetamide, but is completely inhibited by the alkylating reagent p-bromophenacylbromide. PMID- 7126608 TI - N-Acylation of ethanolamine phospholipids in canine myocardium. AB - N-Acylethanolamine phospholipids, which are found in infarcted but not in normal canine myocardium, were produced by preparations of normal myocardial tissue incubated in the presence of millimolar concentrations of Ca2+. Biosynthetic activity from endogenous substrates was associated with both microsomal and mitochondrial fractions and exhibited an alkaline pH optimum. The time course of N-acylethanolamine phospholipid synthesis and degradation was followed after pulse labeling of myocardial ethanolamine phospholipids with [1,2 14C]ethanolamine. Enzymic N-acylation of both phosphatidylethanolamine and lysophosphatidylethanolamine was demonstrated by incubating these substrates with homogenates of myocardial tissue. Neither free fatty acids nor acyl-CoA derivatives served as acyl donor but some of the constituent fatty acids of exogenous phosphatidylethanolamine were recovered among the amide-linked fatty acids of the N-acylethanolamine phospholipids. N-Acylation may thus occur by the transfer of O-acyl groups catalyzed by a Ca2+ -dependent transacylase. Since N acylethanolamine phospholipids are precursors of the biologically active N acylethanolamines, their biosynthesis may constitute an important injury-induced metabolic event aimed at the protection of ischemic myocardial tissue. PMID- 7126609 TI - Regulation of lamellar body acidic glycerophospholipid biosynthesis in fetal rabbit lung in organ culture. AB - To study the regulation of lamellar body acidic glycerophospholipid biosynthesis, fetal rabbit lung tissue obtained on day 23 of gestation was maintained in vitro. Tissues were cultured in serum-free medium with and without the addition of cortisol, thyroxine or a combination of both hormones. The addition of cortisol plus thyroxine to the medium resulted in the formation of lamellar bodies containing increased amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and decreased amounts of phosphatidylinositol. The addition of myo-inositol to culture medium containing cortisol plus thyroxine suppressed the incorporation of [14C]glycerol into both phosphatidylglycerol and bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate and enhanced the incorporation of [14C]glycerol into phosphatidylinositol. The effect of myo inositol on the radioactive labeling of these lamellar body acidic glycerophospholipids was rapid, and was half-maximal at myo-inositol concentrations of approximately 0.10 mM. PMID- 7126610 TI - The effect of 3-mercaptopicolinic acid and substrate interactions on the incorporation of lipogenic precursors into glyceride-glycerol, glyceride-fatty acids and nonesterified fatty acids in bovine adipose tissue. AB - The effects of 3-mercaptopicolinic acid, an inhibitor of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, were studied in bovine subcutaneous adipose tissue slices in vitro. Lactate and glucose stimulated the incorporation of [U-14C]acetate into total lipids and nonesterified fatty acids. 3-Mercaptopicolinic acid abolished the stimulatory effect of lactate on total synthesis but had no effect on that from glucose. The inhibitor decreased glyceride-glycerol and glyceride-fatty acid synthesis from L-[U-14C]lactate by 90 and 30%, respectively; glyceride-glycerol synthesis from D-[U-14C]glucose was refractory to inhibition by 3 mercaptopicolinic acid, whereas the inhibitor tended to increase glyceride-fatty acid synthesis from glucose. The presence of lactate plus glucose in the incubation media elicited a greater than additive stimulation of acetate incorporation into total lipids. Glucose doubled the incorporation of lactate into glyceride-fatty acids, but had no effect on the net incorporation of lactate into nonesterified fatty acids. Lactate, but not glucose, stimulated the incorporation of [1-14C]palmitate into glyceride-fatty acids; 3-mercaptopicolinic acid increased this rate for all substrate combinations studied, although this was opposite to expected results. As determined with 3H2O, lactate and glucose stimulated the synthesis of total lipids, and 3-mercaptopicolinic acid decreased the stimulatory effects of lactate and glucose on 3H2O incorporation. The results suggest that lactate, and possibly glucose, stimulate the incorporation of acetate into fatty acids by increasing the availability of alpha glycerophosphate. PMID- 7126611 TI - Fate of intravenously administered squalene in the rat. AB - To investigate the metabolism of serum squalene rats were given intravenously serum or isolated lipoprotein containing [3H]squalene and [14C]cholesterol. Labeled squalene disappeared multiexponentially from serum and the rate of disappearance was consistently faster than for [14C]cholesterol. [3H]Squalene given by injection did not accumulate in tissues, but was rapidly cyclized to sterols, resulting in the labeling of serum methyl sterols and cholesterol as well as biliary and fecal sterols and bile acids. Independent of the form of administration, the fractional conversion of squalene to serum cholesterol was less than one. This was caused by the fact that [3H]squalene was eliminated initially more rapidly than serum [14C]cholesterol in the feces and was converted to a greater extent than serum cholesterol to bile acids, whereas both labels were eliminated in parallel as neutral sterols. The results support the role of newly synthesized hepatic cholesterol as the preferred substrate of bile acid synthesis. PMID- 7126612 TI - Utilization of glycogen for phospholipid synthesis in fetal rat lung. PMID- 7126613 TI - The rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine by alveolar type II cells from adult rat lung. AB - 1. The rate-limiting reaction in the biosynthesis of surfactant phosphatidylcholine by type II cells isolated from adult rat lung was examined. 2. Studies on the uptake of [Me-14C]choline and its incorporation into its metabolites over a 5 h period indicated that in these cells the cholinephosphate pool was much larger than both the choline and CDPcholine pool. This is consistent with the idea that the rate-limiting reaction is that catalyzed by cholinephosphate cytidylyltransferase. 3. Evidence that cholinephosphate cytidylyltransferase is the slowest of the three enzymes incorporating choline into phosphatidylcholine was also obtained from pulse-chase experiments. [Me 14C]Choline taken up by the cells was rapidly converted into cholinephosphate during the pulse period. As the radioactivity disappeared from cholinephosphate during the chase period, the label was incorporated immediately into phosphatidylcholine, without much change in the labelling of CDPcholine. This indicates that the cholinephosphotransferase is at least as fast as the cholinephosphate cytidylyltransferase. 4. Inclusion of palmitate in the chase medium accelerated the conversion of labelled cholinephosphate into phosphatidylcholine and decreased the radioactivity associated with CDPcholine. This indicates that under these conditions the cholinephosphate cytidylyltransferase reaction cannot keep up with increased utilization of the CDPcholine in the terminal step of the CDPcholine pathway. PMID- 7126615 TI - The reticuloendothelial system and low density lipoprotein metabolism in the rabbit. AB - This study examines the role of the reticuloendothelial system in the metabolism and tissue uptake of chemically modified human low density lipoprotein (LDL) in rabbits. Treatment with 1,2-cyclohexanedione or HCHO/NaBH4 abolishes receptor mediated catabolism of the lipoprotein and restricts its clearance to receptor independent pathways. When the plasma clearances of the two modified lipoproteins were measured in rabbits the 1,2-cyclohexanedione-treated LDL was removed 19% faster (P less than 0.001) than HCHO/NaBH4-treated LDL. This was associated with an increased uptake of 1,2-cyclohexanedione-treated LDL over HCHO/NaBH4-treated LDL into tissues, particularly the liver and spleen, suggesting that their differential clearance may have involved the reticuloendothelial system. To examine this possibility the experiment was repeated in animals whose reticuloendothelial activity had been suppressed by injections of an ethyl oleate emulsion. This reduced the difference in the plasma clearance rates of 1,2 cyclohexanedione-treated LDL and HCHO/NaBH4-treated LDL and virtually abolished their differential tissue uptakes, adding weight to the proposal that the reticuloendothelial system may be involved in the receptor-independent catabolism of LDL. PMID- 7126614 TI - Hydrolysis of triacylglycerol emulsions by lingual lipase. A microscopic study. AB - The effect of lingual lipase on four different triacylglycerol emulsions was observed by light microscopy at pH 5-6. The extent of hydrolysis on the microscope slide was determined with the aid of radioactive emulsions or by analyzing the products by gas-liquid chromatography. Artificial emulsions that had been stabilized with amphiphilic lipids gradually coalesced during the unstirred lipase reactions. Gum arabic-stabilized emulsions and human milk fat droplets did not stick to each other or coalesce during lingual lipase hydrolysis. No visible liquid-crystalline product phases, as are seen with pancreatic lipase (Patton, J.S. and Carey, M.C. (1979) Science 204, 145-148), were observed with lingual lipase. The products of lingual lipase activity, protonated fatty acid and diacylglycerol, appear to remain dissolved in the oil phase of the triacylglycerol particle. PMID- 7126616 TI - The effects of clofibrate and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole on liver catalase and lipid metabolism in mice. AB - Clofibrate-treated mice showed a significant decrease in plasma triacylglycerols and a parallel elevation of liver catalase. Repeated administration of aminotriazole to clofibrate-treated mice effectively abolished the elevated catalase activity, but had no significant effect on the reduced plasma triacylglycerol levels. In mice, the hypolipidemic effect of clofibrate may be dissociated from its capacity to elevate liver catalase. Repeated administration of aminotriazole to control mice resulted in significantly lowered carcass fat and plasma triacylglycerol levels even though the liver catalase activity was greatly depressed. The livers of clofibrate-treated mice showed an increase in phospholipid content. Livers of aminotriazole-treated mice showed a decrease in total lipid content, with a profound decrease in free fatty acids and triacylglycerols and a slight increase in phospholipids. The composition of the individual free fatty acids of the liver triacylglycerols showed a shift towards the shorter fatty acids and the nutritionally essential alpha-linolenic acid in clofibrate-treated mice. PMID- 7126617 TI - Effect of inhibitors of cholesterol synthesis on muscle differentiation. AB - Aggregation, the first step in the fusion of cultured chick myoblasts to form myotubes, is inhibited by 90% after only 2 h exposure to 25-hydroxycholesterol, an inhibitor of cholesterol synthesis. In this study, the effect of this agent on the concentration of an integral membrane protein in the plasma membrane, the synthesis of two differentiation-controlled proteins and total protein synthesis were examined. While it is possible that any of these mechanisms could be responsible for the inhibition of fusion, none of them appear to account for the attenuation of fusion induced by the inhibition of cholesterol synthesis. PMID- 7126618 TI - Transfer of [14C]phosphatidylcholine between liposomes and human plasma high density lipoprotein. Partial purification of a transfer-stimulating plasma factor using a rapid transfer assay. AB - A simple method was developed for the rapid determination of [14C]phosphatidylcholine transfer from small unilamellar liposomes to human plasma HDL, based on the selective precipitation of liposomes by heparin and MnCl2. The assay was utilized to monitor the progress in the partial purification of a phospholipid transfer factor from human plasma. The purification procedure included ultracentrifugation at d = 1.25 g/ml, hydrophobic chromatography on phenyl-Sepharose, affinity chromatography on heparin-Sepharose and gel filtration. The partially purified protein(s) catalyzed the net transfer of phospholipid from small unilamellar phosphatidylcholine liposomes to isolated HDL. The transfer of [14C]phosphatidylcholine from liposomes consisting of phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylserine/cholesterol (molar ratio, 4:1:5) to HDL was stimulated without affecting the permeability barrier of the liposomal membranes and is, therefore, taken to represent exchange with HDL phospholipid rather than net transfer. PMID- 7126619 TI - The occurrence of psychosine and other glycolipids in spleen and liver from the three major types of Gaucher's disease. AB - Glycolipid changes in spleen autopsy specimens were determined in four cases of Gaucher's disease type I, three cases of type II, and twelve cases of type III. These changes were also determined in liver autopsy specimens from three cases of type II and in nine cases of type III. The concentration of glucosylceramide in spleen was of the same magnitude in all three types, 36.3 +/- 11.7 mmol/kg in type I, 32.7 +/- 8.5 mmol/kg in type II, and 32.6 +/- 6.9 mmol/kg in type III. In liver there were large differences in the glucosylceramide concentration between splenectomized and non-splenectomized cases. Thus, in the non-splenectomized type III cases it was 9.9 +/- 3.0 mmol/kg, while in the splenectomized type III cases it was 24.1 +/- 6.1 mmol/kg. The accelerated deposition of glucosylceramide in liver after splenectomy was also demonstrated by analyses of liver biopsy specimens. A 2-6-fold increase of gangliosides was found in liver and spleen from the three types, with no significant differences between the types. The increase of gangliosides was limited almost exclusively to GM3. Glucosylsphingosine, never detected in normal tissue, was demonstrated in all samples from Gaucher's livers and spleens. The concentration in spleen was in type II, 0.16 +/- 0.05 mmol/kg, in type III, 0.19 +/- 0.05 mmol/kg, while in type I it was significantly lower, 0.07 +/- 0.03 mmol/kg. In liver, the highest concentrations occurred in the splenectomized type III subjects, 0.16 +/- 0.08 mmol/kg, while in the non splenectomized type III cases it was 0.06 +/- 0.02 mmol/kg and in type II 0.09 +/ 0.02 mmol/kg. The demonstration of high concentrations of the cytotoxic compound glycosylsphingosine may be a contributing factor behind the tissue necrosis and fibrosis commonly seen in spleens and livers from Gaucher's patients. PMID- 7126621 TI - The temperature-dependent interfacial inactivation of porcine pancreatic lipase. Effect of colipase and bile salts. AB - This paper confirms and extends the previous observation that colipase and bile salts stabilize pancreatic lipase against inactivation at its water/substrate interface. It is shown that colipase and bile salts above their critical micellar concentration offer better protection than either of them alone. Colipase has no effect on the catalytic efficiency of lipase against an emulsified substrate in the absence or presence of bile salts. Its reported activation of pancreatic lipolysis at high temperatures in the absence of bile salts is, most likely, fully explained by its protective effect on lipase inactivation. Colipase at high concentrations relative to lipase inhibits the enzyme activity in a competitive fashion. The temperature-dependent surface inactivation of lipase has certain consequences for the methodology of lipase activity determination. PMID- 7126620 TI - Inhibition of protein synthesis blocks the response to 25-hydroxycholesterol by inhibiting degradation of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase. AB - The activity of the rate-limiting enzyme of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells decreased more rapidly in cells treated with 25-hydroxycholesterol alone (t 1/2 = 1.5 h) than in those incubated with cycloheximide alone (t 1/2 = 5 h). The inhibitory action of 25-hydroxycholesterol on reductase activity was reduced when the sterol and cycloheximide were added together, and was totally abolished when cells were preincubated with cycloheximide for 30 min before the addition of 25 hydroxycholesterol. The effect of puromycin was similar to that of cycloheximide. Treatment of cells with an inhibitor of RNA synthesis, i.e., actinomycin D or cordycepin, had little effect on hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity; however, preincubation of cells with these reagents also decreased the ability of 25-hydroxycholesterol to suppress the reductase activity. These data are consistent with a model which suggests (a) that 25-hydroxycholesterol inhibits the activity of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase by repressing its synthesis, (b) that cycloheximide and puromycin affect hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity by blocking the de novo synthesis of the enzyme and by reducing the degradation of the preexisting enzyme, (c) that actinomycin D and cordycepin affect the supply of message for the continuous synthesis of at least one component of a system which degrades hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase, and (d) that one component of the degradative system has a half-life shorter than 0.5 h. PMID- 7126622 TI - Ether phospholipids in guinea pig polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages. Occurrence of high levels of 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. AB - Significant proportions of the choline phosphoglycerides (CPG) were found to contain alkyl either-type moieties (e.g., 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-glycero-3 phosphocholine) in both guinea pig peritoneal exudate polymorphonuclear leukocytes (16.4%) and macrophages (13.5%). High proportions of the ethanolamine phosphoglycerides (EPG) contained alkenyl either moieties in both cells (37.2 and 41.2%), while the proportions of the CPG containing alkenyl moieties and of the EPG containing alkyl moieties were shown to be small. The either phospholipid composition as well as the fatty chain profiles of these two types of cells had relatively similar patterns. However, the fatty chains at the 1- and 2-positions for alkenyl either, alkyl ether and diacyl phosphoglycerides showed considerable differences. The amount of 16:0 at the 1-position was higher in alkyl compounds than that in diacyl compounds of the CPG. This was also the case in either containing and diacyl EPG. The most predominant fatty acids at the 2-position was 18:2, in each lipid class, except for the alkenyl CPG. The amounts of 20:4 and other polyunsaturated fatty acids were low in every lipid class, though ether compounds contained higher amounts of 20:4 than diacyl compounds, particularly for EPG. PMID- 7126623 TI - Lipoprotein products of lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase and cholesteryl ester transfer. AB - High-density lipoprotein substrates and products of human plasma lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase have been labelled with radioisotopic cholesteryl esters in order to facilitate identification. [3H]Cholesteryl esters were formed by endogenous HDL3/VHDL enzyme (d greater than 1.125 g/ml) following incubation with mixed vesicles of phosphatidylcholine, unesterified cholesterol and 3H labelled unesterified cholesterol. Transfer of labelled esters to acceptor lipoproteins (VLDL+LDL, d less than 1.063 g/ml) was employed to distinguish a hypothetical transfer complex. Separation of labelled HDL3/VHDL was by gel permeation chromatography. The results indicate that a subpopulation of labelled HDL3/VHDL cholesteryl esters (43-61% of total) were removed by VLDL/LDL during a 3 h transfer period and these derive from the smaller lipoproteins of the spectrum. HDL carrying non-transferable [3H]cholesteryl esters localize to the larger HDL3. Transfer rates were proportional to ratios of acceptor to donor lipoproteins. Net transfer of cholesteryl esters from the smaller HDL3 also occurred, but was smaller in magnitude (about 10.5% of total). Acyltransferase assays indicated that enzyme distribution is skewed to larger-sized HDL3, suggesting that the non-transferable components might be lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase-containing parent complexes, while the smaller transfer products contain little acyltransferase. The results fit the hypothesis that a parent HDL3 lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase complex generates a smaller-sized lipoprotein product which is active in cholesteryl ester transport. PMID- 7126624 TI - Effect of dietary fat saturation, cholesterol and cholestyramine on acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase activity in rabbit intestinal microsomes. AB - The regulation of intestinal acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase was investigated by dietary manipulation. Rabbits were fed the following diets: normal rabbit chow, 10% safflower oil, safflower oil plus 1% cholesterol, coconut oil plus 1% cholesterol, or cholestyramine. Acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase activity was increased in intestinal microsomes from animals fed safflower oil but not from animals fed coconut oil. Both diets containing cholesterol increased acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase activity; however, the safflower oil plus cholesterol diet was a more potent stimulator than coconut oil plus cholesterol. Cholestyramine decreased microsomal acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase activity. The different diets significantly modified microsomal lipid content in these groups. The two cholesterol diets resulted in equal increments in microsomal cholesterol. Microsomal cholesterol was unchanged in animals on the safflower oil diet; however, coconut oil and cholestyramine decreased the cholesterol content. Linoleic acid content increased in microsomes from animals on both the safflower oil-containing diets. Myristic acid accumulated and linoleic acid was decreased in microsomes from animals on both diets containing coconut oil. Subcellular fractionation of the intestine yielded a 4-fold enhancement of acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase activity in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The lipid modifications and the subsequent changes in acyl CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase activity in the rough endoplasmic reticulum from animals on normal, safflower oil, and safflower oil plus cholesterol diets paralleled that observed in the crude microsomal preparations. The changes in acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase activity observed with the different diets were not due to changes in microsomal fatty acyl-CoA pool size. It is concluded that dietary manipulation can alter microsomal lipid content. Microsomal fat saturation, independent of microsomal cholesterol content, regulates intestinal acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase and modifies the stimulatory effect of exogenous cholesterol on this enzyme. PMID- 7126625 TI - Isolation of an unusual 'lipid A' type glycolipid from Pseudomonas paucimobilis. AB - A new glycolipid was isolated from defatted cells of Pseudomonas paucimobilis IAM 12576, and called 'bound lipid'. The 'bound lipid' could not be extracted by hot phenol extraction, but could be extracted with hot chloroform/methanol after hydrolysis with 5% trichloroacetic acid. The 'bound lipid' was purified by thin layer chromatography on silica gel plates using the solvent mixture CHCl3/CH3OH/CH3COOOH/ H2O (25:15:4:2, v/v). It consisted of glucosamine, 2 hydroxy myristic acid, galactose, mannose and uronic acid with ratios of 1.0:0.75:0.77:0.44:1.5, respectively, and other fatty acids besides 2-hydroxy myristic acid were not detected in the 'bound lipid'. 2-Hydroxy myristic acid was probably bound to glucosamine residues by amide linkage, because mild alkali treatment did not liberate the fatty acid. From these results, we discussed the possibility that the 'bound lipid' was some kind of lipid A of this bacteria. PMID- 7126626 TI - Interaction between macrophages and mesenchymal cells. Effect of LDL- or HDL containing media, added to cholesteryl ester-loaded macrophages, on cholesterol esterification in mesenchymal cells. PMID- 7126628 TI - Microperoxisomes and mitochondria of brown adipose tissue. Hydrodynamic parameters, isolation and capacity of long-chain fatty acid oxidation. AB - 1. Analytical differential centrifugation of brown adipose tissue homogenates from cold-acclimated guinea pigs revealed a polydispersity of both mitochondria and peroxisomes, with at least two populations of each organelle. The estimated values were sH = 16685+/-4220 S and sL = 4792+/-951 S (mitochondria), and sH = 3364+/-1706 S and sL = 889+/-177 S (peroxisomes). Based on these s values, an optimal procedure is described for the isolation of subcellular fractions enriched in mitochondria and peroxisomes, respectively. 2. When the mitochondrial and peroxisomal fractions were subjected to isopycnic gradient centrifugation on a self-generating gradient of poly(vinylpyrrolidone)-coated colloidal silica particles (Percoll) in 0.25 M sucrose medium, buoyant densities of about 1.11 g/cm3 (main fraction of mitochondria) and 1.07 g/cm3 (main fraction of peroxisomes) were obtained. A value of 1.06 g/cm3 was found for the microsomal fraction. 3. The main peroxisomal fraction, isolated by gradient centrifugation, did not reveal any significant oxidation of palmitoyl-CoA as measured by conventional polarographic technique, whereas a small rate of oxidation (about 2.7+/-0.2 nmol/min per mg peroxisomal protein) was observed when measured as NAD+ reduction. This rate contributes no more than 1% of the mitochondrial oxidation of this fatty acid and it is, therefore, concluded that peroxisomal oxidation of the predominant long-chain fatty acids found in this tissue does not make a quantitatively significant contribution to fatty acid oxidation. PMID- 7126627 TI - High de novo synthesis of glycerolipids compared to deacylation-reacylation in rat liver microsomes. AB - A microsomal system characterized by high flux through the entire de novo pathway from glycerol phosphate to phosphatidylcholine and triacylglycerol has been developed. Optimum synthesis of phosphatidylcholine requires CDPcholine, Mg2+, KCl and a palmitoyl-CoA-generating system containing palmitic acid, ATP and CoA. Incorporation of [14C]glycerol phosphate into phosphatidylcholine/triacylglycerol synthesis ratio decreases as palmitate is increased. Phosphatidylcholine synthesis from glycerol phosphate is stimulated more by palmitate than by other saturated fatty acids; phosphatidylcholine synthesis increases with increasing unsaturation of the added fatty acids. The ratio of incorporation of [3H]palmitate to [14C]glycerol phosphate was determined for phosphatidic acid, diacylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and triacylglycerol. This ratio is approximately 2 for all diacylglycerolipids and 3 for triacylglycerol. In our system, incorporation of palmitate into microsomal glycerolipid proceeds primarily by the de novo pathway, with minimal fatty acid recycling via deacylation-reacylation. PMID- 7126629 TI - Detection of carbonyl functions in phospholipids of liver microsomes in CCl4- and BrCCl3-poisoned rats. AB - Since the peroxidative cleavage of unsaturated fatty acids can result in either the release of carbonyl compounds or the formation of carbonyl functions in the acyl residues, evidence for the presence of carbonyl groups in liver microsomal phospholipids was searched for in in vivo conditions (CCl4 and BrCCl3 intoxications) in which peroxidation of lipids of hepatic endoplasmic reticulum had been previously demonstrated. The spectrophotometric examination of 2,4 dinitrophenylhydrazine-treated phospholipids of liver microsomes from the intoxicated animals showed absorption spectra similar to those observed for the dinitrophenylhydrazones of various carbonyls. Similar spectra, although magnified from a quantitative point of view, were also observed with 2,4 dinitrophenylhydrazine-treated phospholipids of liver microsomes peroxidized in the NADPH-Fe-dependent system. A time-course study of microsomal lipid peroxidation showed that the amount of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine-reacting groups (carbonyl functions) in phospholipids of liver microsomes increases with the incubation time and is correlated to the amount of malonic dialdehyde formed in the incubation mixture. The kinetics of the production of 4-hydroxynonenal was somewhat similar to that of malonic dialdehyde formation. In both the in vivo conditions (CCl4 and BrCCl3 intoxications) the amount of carbonyl functions in microsomal phospholipids, which was higher in the BrCCl3-intoxicated animals as compared to the CCl4-poisoned ones, was close to that found in the vitro condition in which lipid peroxidation is induced by 6 microM Fe2+. The possible pathological significance of formation of carbonyl functions in membrane phospholipids is discussed. PMID- 7126630 TI - A protein activator of galactosylceramide beta-galactosidase. AB - A heat-stable protein was isolated from the spleen of a patient with Gaucher's disease. This protein will activate glucosylceramide beta-glucosidase activity (Ho, M.W. and O'Brien, J.S. (1971) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 68, 2810-2813). When the specificity of this activator was tested using other enzymes and substrates, it was found to activate galactosylceramide beta-galactosidase activity and sphingomyelinase but not GM1 beta-galactosidase or sulfatide sulfatase. The ability to stimulate galactosylceramide beta-galactosidase was optimum at pH 4.6 in the presence of pure phosphatidylserine or other acidic lipids such as sulfatide and phosphatidylinositol. The partially purified activator protein could stimulate galactosylceramide beta-galactosidase activity in brain, liver, leukocytes and cultured fibroblasts. It was not able to stimulate the activity of this enzyme in tissue samples from patients with Krabbe's disease, demonstrating that it was acting on galactosylceramide beta galactosidase and not GM1 beta-galactosidase. It was slowly denatured by treatment with Pronase, reaching 16% of starting levels after 24 h at 50 degrees C. Attempts to separate the abilities of this activator preparation to stimulate several lysosomal hydrolases by column chromatography were not successful. PMID- 7126631 TI - Changes in the composition of fatty chains of diacyl, alkylacyl and alkenylacyl ethanolamine and choline phosphoglycerides during the development of chick heart ventricular cells. High accumulation of 22-carbon fatty acid in ether phospholipids. AB - The phospholipids of embryonic chick ventricular cells were analysed at various developmental stages with respect to the composition of alkylacyl, alkenylacyl and diacyl ethanolamine and choline phosphoglycerides and for the fatty chain composition of these lipid classes. The percentage of alkylacyl and alkenylacyl choline phosphoglycerides increased in the course of the development. The fatty chain composition of ether-linked phosphoglycerides was significantly different from that of the diacyl compound. In general, both ether choline and ethanolamine phosphoglycerides consisted of a significantly higher percentage of 22-carbon fatty chains, such as 22:4, 22:5 and 22:6, compared to that of the diacyl compounds, throughout the earlier stage of development. During development, there was a dramatic increase of 20:4 and a decrease of 22:6, mainly in total ethanolamine phosphoglycerides but also in choline phosphoglycerides. A particularly significant decrease of 22:6 was found with diacyl ethanolamine phosphoglycerides. When 14C-labeled 22:4 and 3H-labeled 20:4 were incorporated into the ethanolamine and choline phosphoglycerides of ventricles in vitro, it was observed that 22:4 was mainly associated with ether phospholipids, especially the ethanolamine alkyl ether phospholipids, suggesting that there is a high selectivity of 22-carbon fatty acid to ether phospholipids during the synthesis of these compounds. PMID- 7126632 TI - Purification and properties of an acid lipase from human gastric juice. AB - An acid lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) from human gastric juice was purified by using poly(ethylene glycol)-6000 precipitation, ethanol fractionation and Sephadex G-75 gel filtration. A molecular weight of 44000 was obtained by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. pH-dependent aggregation was observed and by using Sephadex G-200 gel filtration, a molecular weight of 90000 was obtained at pH 6.0 and 45000 at pH 3.0, for the purified enzyme. A pH optimum of 5.3 was obtained using triolein as substrate. The apparent Km for tributyrin and triolein was found to be 21 and 73 mumol, respectively. Diacylglycerol and free fatty acids were the major hydrolytic end products of this enzyme. Studies on the positional specificity of the enzyme showed that the preferred site of hydrolysis was sn-3 and sn-1, although a good percentage of the sn-2 position was also hydrolysed. Conjugated bile salts inhibited the enzyme when triolein was used as substrate, whereas they activated it when tributyrin was used. Some of the properties of the purified human gastric juice acid lipase resembles those of rat and human lingual lipase. PMID- 7126633 TI - Degradation of human myelin phospholipids by phospholipase-enriched culture media of pathogenic Naegleria fowleri. AB - Cell-free media from cultures of virulent Naegleria fowleri were tested for phospholipase activities and their ability to degrade phospholipids of human myelin. Virulent N. fowleri selectively released lipolytic enzymes into the media at various times during growth and hydrolyzed the phospholipids of human myelin, while media from virulent-attenuated and nonpathogenic Naegleria spp. were almost totally inactive. Hydrolysis of myelin phospholipid increased concomitantly with amebal growth, and the relative rate of breakdown at pH 7.5 was sphingomyelin greater than phosphatidylcholine greater than phosphatidylethanolamine. Elevated levels of lysophosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylethanolamine were also noted. PMID- 7126635 TI - Efficient enzymatic hydrolysis of polyprenyl pyrophosphates. AB - A method of efficient enzymatic hydrolysis of polyprenyl pyrophosphates was established. Polyprenyl pyrophosphates such as all-trans-octaprenyl and all-trans nonaprenyl (solanesyl) pyrophosphate can be hydrolyzed completely to the corresponding primary alcohols by the action of potato acid phosphatase in the presence of 60% (v/v) methanol. PMID- 7126636 TI - Purification of cytochromes P-448 from beta-naphthoflavone-treated rainbow trout. AB - Rainbow trout were treated with beta-naphthoflavone and the hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 solubilized with 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1 propanesulfonate. Chromatography on tryptamine-Sepharose 4B gave a single cytochrome P-450 peak which was further resolved into three components by elution from DEAE-Sepharose. The two main peaks were then chromatographed on hydroxyapatite and a total of four fractions obtained. Two of these fractions had similar properties and significantly metabolized [14C]benzo[a]pyrene in a reconstituted system containing rat cytochrome P-450 reductase. This activity was inhibited by alpha-naphthoflavone but not by metyrapone of SKF-525A. Purified cytochromes P-448 from 3-methylcholanthrene-treated rat had similar spectral properties and activity towards [14C]benzo[a]pyrene suggesting similarities between these forms. PMID- 7126634 TI - Fatty acid composition of human plasma lipoprotein phosphatidylinositols. AB - Phosphatidylinositol (PI) was the only anionic phospholipid found consistently in human plasma lipoproteins. High density lipoproteins (HDL) contained a greater proportion of PI (2.6% of the phospholipids) than did either the low density (LDL) or the very low density (VLDL) lipoproteins (1.6 and 1.7%, respectively). Lipoprotein PI was enriched in stearic and arachidonic acids when compared to phosphatidylcholines from the same fractions. The fatty acid composition of the lipoprotein PI, although the same in all lipoprotein fractions, had less arachidonic acid than platelet PI and less palmitic acid than erythrocyte PI. The data suggest that significant exchange of PI between lipoproteins and cell membranes is not likely, whereas PI exchange among the different classes of lipoproteins is possible. PMID- 7126639 TI - Purification and properties of multiple forms of mouse trypsinogen. AB - Three trypsinogens and one chymotrypsinogen were found in and purified from the pancreas of a mouse strain (CFO). The molecular weights of the trypsinogens and the chymotrypsinogen were all estimated as 25 000. The enzyme properties of the three trypsinogens were studied and they showed very low Km values (3.2-6.5 microM) for the substrates, Bz-Arg-OEt and Tos-Arg-OMe, and the same pH optimum profile between pH 8.0-10.0. However, the ratios of catalytic rate constants, kcat (s-1), with Bz-Arg-OEt as substrates compared to that with Tos-Arg-OMe were very different. The values of Try-III were similar with the two substrates, Try-I was slightly higher value with Tos-Arg-OMe than with Bz-Arg-OEt, and the values of Try-II were much higher with Tos-Arg-OMe than with Bz-Arg-OEt. Also, the trypsinogens and the chymotrypsinogen were purified from pancreas of Mol-A strain mice. When the enzyme properties of the three trypsinogens were examined, one form of trypsinogen (Try-I) was shown to have different properties in kcat (s-1) for the two substrates, compared to the trypsinogen of CFO mice. PMID- 7126638 TI - Ultraviolet difference spectroscopy study of peanut lectin binding to Mono- and disaccharides. AB - Ultraviolet difference spectroscopy was used to study the interaction of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) lectin with complementary carbohydrates. A correlation was observed between variations of ultraviolet spectra during the binding of sugars to the lectin and the specificity and the strength of the binding. The association constant, free energy, enthalpy and entropy for peanut lectin-lactose interactions were calculated over the temperature range 10-30 degrees C. The binding constants for 10 mono- and disaccharides containing a D-galactopyranosyl or a D-talopyranosyl residue were calculated. Comparing their effectiveness to interact with peanut lectin, methyl alpha-D-galactopyranoside appeared to have a more marked affinity than lactose; D-galacturonic acid and methyl 7-deoxy-D glycero-beta-D-galacto-heptopyranoside had no measurable affinity; the other sugars showed a lower affinity than lactose. The correlations between these differences and the conformations of the sugars obtained by X-ray analysis are discussed. PMID- 7126637 TI - The fluorescence response of chlorotetracycline-loaded human neutrophils. Correlations with lysosomal enzyme release and evidence for a 'trigger pool' of calcium. AB - Neutrophils labelled with chlorotetracycline (commonly employed as a probe for membrane-bound calcium), underwent rapid decreases in fluorescence upon exposure to N-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine (more than 1 nM). This decrease was maximal at 1 min and was followed by partial recovery by 3 min. When neutrophils were stimulated with N-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine and then re-exposed to the same stimulus 3 min later, an additional decrease in chlorotetracycline fluorescence was observed. The magnitude of this second response was inversely related to the concentration of the initial stimulus. Similarly, neutrophils exposed to N-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine and then restimulated by N formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine in the presence of cytochalasin B secreted the azurophil granule enzyme beta-glucuronidase; release of the enzyme was also inversely related to the initial concentration of N formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine. These responses were also time-dependent. Both the second decrement in chlorotetracycline fluorescence and beta glucuronidase release increased with time allowed between the two administrations of N-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine. In contrast, decreases in chlorotetracycline fluorescence induced by phorbol myristate acetate showed no comparable recovery phase. When neutrophils, stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate, were then exposed to N-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine, the second decrement in chlorotetracycline fluorescence diminished as the time allowed between the two stimuli was increased. Secretion of beta-glucuronidase in response to N-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine was also diminished by increasing the time of exposure to the initial stimulus of phorbol myristate acetate. When N-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine was used as the initial stimulus, the chlorotetracycline fluorescence response characteristic of phorbol myristate acetate could not be observed for at least 1 min. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that chlorotetracycline serves as a probe of mobilizable membrane-bound 'trigger calcium', a replete pool of which is an obligate requirement for lysosomal enzyme release. PMID- 7126640 TI - Vicia graminea lectin binding to human M and N erythrocytes. PMID- 7126642 TI - Microencapsulation of erythrocytes. AB - Human erythrocytes have been encapsulated in a polyacrylate membrane by a simple precipitation process. The encapsulated cells appeared to remain functional after encapsulation: the consumption of glucose and the ability to reversibly bind oxygen was unimpaired. Furthermore, storage at 4 degrees C for almost 6 months had no effect on the P50 and n50 values. This is the first time to our knowledge that live mammalian cells have been encapsulated in a polymer other than alginate. PMID- 7126641 TI - The binding of aluminium to [Leu5]-enkephalin. An investigation using 1H, 13C and 27Al NMR spectroscopy. AB - The binding of aluminium ion to [Leu5]-enkephalin has been investigated by 1H, 13C and 27Al NMR spectroscopy in dimethyl sulphoxide solution at different peptide/metal ratio. Analysis of the spectra suggests that Al3+ binds at two metal-binding sites. The binding of Al3+ at the first site involves the Tyr1CO, and Leu5COO- groups to give a 2:1 species in a tetracoordinated structure; whereas the binding of Al3+ at the second site utilizes the NH2 terminal groups of the tyrosine moiety in a 2:2 species. 27Al chemical shift values strongly suggest that the second type of aluminium atom displays an octahedral environment. On this basis, we discuss our data in terms of the coordination of aluminium with [Leu5]-enkephalin. PMID- 7126643 TI - Absence of heparin or heparin-like compounds in mast-cell-free tissues and animals. AB - Three models were used for the analysis of heparin concentration and the presence of mast cells, namely different fetal and adult bovine tissues, mast-cell deficient mice and athymic mice. It was observed that heparin and mast cells are present mainly in spleen and liver during fetal development and in skin, lung and ileum in adults. A good correlation between the concentration of heparin and the number of mast cells was observed in all tissues examined. No heparin was detected in animals that did not have mast cells, such as the WBB6Fl W/Wv mice, again suggesting a correlation between mast cells and heparin. No differences in the other sulfated glycosaminoglycans were observed between the mast cell deficient mice and the normal littermates and breeders. Studies in 'nude' mice have shown that the heparin concentration in different tissues is similar to normal strains. PMID- 7126644 TI - Separation procedure and sugar composition of oligosaccharides in the surface glycoprotein of Friend murine leukemia virus. AB - The sugar composition of the surface glycoprotein from Friend murine leukemia virus was determined by gas-liquid chromatography of the alditol acetates and by the thiobarbituric acid method, respectively. N-Acetylglucosamine, mannose, galactose, sialic acid and fucose were found in a molar ratio around 15.2:11.6:7.4:3.3:1.0. Ten oligosaccharide fractions were obtained from glycoprotein preparations by a suitable sequence of degradation (with pronase, endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H, neuraminidase, and by hydrazinolysis) and separation procedures (concanavalin A-affinity chromatography and gel filtration). The qualitative sugar composition of these fractions was analyzed by in vivo labelling with D-[6-(3)H]glucosamine, D-[2-(3)H]mannose, D-[6 (3)H]galactose, or L-[6-(3)H]fucose, and their molecular weights were estimated from the gel elution volumina. Four fractions of N-glycosidically linked oligosaccharides of the oligomannosidic ('high mannose') type oligomannosidic7 oligomannosidic10, about seven to ten sugar residues), two of the mixed (M11 and M12), and four of the N-acetyllactosaminic ('complex') type (N acetyllactosaminic9, probably nine sugar residues; N-acetyllactosaminica-N acetyllactosaminic c, size unknown) were thus identified. PMID- 7126645 TI - Acidic phospholipases A2 from the venom of common sea snake Enhydrina schistosa. AB - Two acidic phospholipases A have been purified from the venom of common sea snake (Enhydrina schistosa) by chromatography on Sephadex G-75 gel media, Bio-Rex 70 ion-exchanger followed by repeated Chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-25 ion exchanger. The two preparations were shown to be homogeneous by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and ion-exchange chromatography. The enzymes were shown to be specific for the 'two' position of egg yolk lecithin. The molecular weight of both enzymes determined by gel filtration chromatography and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was approx. 14 000. Both enzymes were non-lethal. Amino acid composition data indicated high contents of aspartic acid, glycine and alanine in both enzymes. PMID- 7126647 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to a nitroxide lipid hapten. AB - The isolation and characterization of a hybridoma cell line producing a monoclonal IgG1 antibody against a spin-label nitroxide group is described. The antibody recognizes a synthetic hapten containing linked dinitrophenyl and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxy groups, having an affinity of 3.6 +/- 1.0 . 10(6) M-1 for the soluble hapten at 25 degrees. The antibody binds to phospholipid vesicles containing 2 mol% of spin label-derivitized lipid (lipid hapten) with an affinity of 1.5 +/- 0.2 . 10(8) M-1. This monoclonal IgG1 mediates the binding of hapten-bearing lipid vesicles to mouse macrophage RAW264 cells bearing Fc receptors. The cellular responses to this binding are similar to those observed previously using polyclonal rabbit anti-hapten IgG. As with the heterogeneous antibodies, the monoclonal IgG1 is more efficient in mediating cellular uptake when the vesicles are in the "fluid' physical state (dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine at 37 degrees C) compared to "solid' (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine at 37 degrees C). Despite the enhanced binding of "fluid' phospholipid vesicles to cells, only the "solid' vesicles triggered a significant respiratory burst in Raw264 macrophages. PMID- 7126648 TI - The characterization of the uptake of avidin-biotin complex by HeLa cells. AB - HeLa cells have been shown to internalize the avidin-biotin complex. Adsorptive pinocytosis seems to be the mechanism of this uptake as seen by the requirements of energy and the integrity of the microtubular assembly. Pretreatment of HeLa cells with cycloheximide inhibits uptake and binding of the avidin-biotin complex. Scatchard plot of specific binding of avidin indicates a single type of binding with a Kd of approx. 55 pM with about 21,500 receptors/cell. The lack of inhibition of binding by simple carbohydrates indicates that binding is not through the oligosaccharide chain of avidin. PMID- 7126646 TI - Penetration and localization of furocoumarins in single living cells studied by microspectrofluorometry. AB - The microspectrofluorometric technique has been used to study the penetration and the localization of psoralen, 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen and 4' aminomethyltrioxsalen in single living L-cells. The concentration of the different compounds inside the cell reached a plateau in 2 min with psoralen and aminomethyltrioxsalen and in 20 min with trioxsalen. Washing of the cells with culture medium produced only a partial removal of the three furocoumarins, distributed apparently in equivalent amount in the nucleus and cytoplasm. PMID- 7126649 TI - Molecular mobilities and the lowered osmolality of the chromaffin granule aqueous phase. AB - Carbon-13 spin-lattice relaxation times, T1, have been measured in whole adrenal medullary tissue slices, in suspensions of isolated chromaffin granules, in the reconcentrated chromaffin granule lysate, and in various model solutions containing catecholamines. ATP, chromogranins and Ca2+. Reorientational correlation times have been calculated at 10 degrees C using T1 data and nuclear Overhauser enhancements for protonated carbons on both catecholamines and nucleotides. Correlation times in all media are relatively short and characteristic of highly fluid aqueous phases. Adrenalin and ATP exhibit substantial differences in correlation times in all media, however, the ratio tau R (ATP): tau R(catecholamine) ranging from 2.4 in simple 3:1 adrenalin-ATP solutions to 4 in intact chromaffin granules. This difference, as well as the relatively high absolute reorientational mobilities of both components, confirms the importance of labile ionic interactions between ATP and catecholamines, but rules out the presence of high concentrations of base-stacked structures. Participation of the chromogranins in ternary complexes with catecholamines and ATP appears to be of minor importance. Ionic interactions to the protein are not reflected in either 13C T1 values or chemical shifts of arginine or glutamate sidechain resonances, or in the 13C chemical shifts of ATP or catecholamines. Very labile protein-ATP binding appears to be reflected in the correlation time measurements, however, which show selective immobilization of ATP relative to catecholamine in the presence of soluble protein. Osmotic measurements indicate that solutions containing adrenaline, ATP and Ca2+ are highly nonideal, but probably not sufficiently so to account fully for the osmotic stabilization of the chromaffin through their polyelectrolyte properties, exert a significant influence on the intragranular osmolality. The osmotic lowering due to polyion counterion interactions has been estimated semiquantitatively using a theory developed by Oosawa. PMID- 7126650 TI - Modification of membrane phospholipid composition by choline analogues induces differentiation of cultured mouse myeloid leukemia cells. AB - Mouse myeloid leukemia M1 cells could be induced by various inducers to form Fc receptors, phagocytize, produce lysozyme, and change into forms that were morphologically similar to macrophages and granulocytes. Previous experiments showed that change in phospholipid metabolism was associated with cell differentiation. In the present experiment, culture of M1 cells with choline analogs such as N-monomethyl-ethanolamine and N,N'-dimethylethanolamine resulted in accumulation of phosphatidyl-N-monomethyl-ethanolamine and phosphatidyl-N,N' dimethylethanolamine in the cell membranes. This change upon treatment with choline analogs was associated with morphological and functional differentiation of the M1 cells into macrophages and granulocytes. These results suggest that phospholipid metabolism is involved in the mechanism of differentiation of M1 cells. PMID- 7126651 TI - [Effect of secondary structure on the rate dark reduction of P700+ with ascorbate of the photosystem I complex]. AB - Relationship was studied between the spectra of KD, absorption and fluorescence and kinetics of P700+ dark reduction with exogenous donor and sodium dodecyl concentration inducing a conformation transition of the protein globule. It has been shown that with a decrease of the detergent concentration from 0.01 to 0.06% an increase of the portion of the protein globule-helical regions (from 10 to 30%) and an essential decrease of the time of P700+ dark reduction with ascorbate take place. The changes of KD, absorption and fluorescence spectra of chlorophyll a observed in the same region of detergent concentration do not correlate with the changes of the secondary structure of the protein part of the pigment-protein complex. It is suggested that accelerated reduction of P700+ with ascorbate is conditioned by an increase of accessibility of exogenous donor to the reaction centre resulting from conformation changes of the complex protein part. PMID- 7126653 TI - [Sulfhydryl groups of alpha-actinin]. AB - It has been established that the molecule of alpha-actinin (m. w. 200 000) contains 16 SH-groups, which are distinguished by their activity. Six SH-groups may be comparatively easily discovered in the native protein. Four partly "masked" SH-groups are titrated in the low acidic media. Five-six SH-groups are completely masked and are revealed only after denaturation of protein. Blocking of SH-groups of alpha-actinin by the parachloromercuribenzoate decreases the biological activity of alpha-actinin measured by the formation of the alpha actinin--actin complex. It has been shown that partly "masked" SH-groups revealed with the temperature increase are not incorporated into the active centre and do not take part in protein functioning. PMID- 7126654 TI - [Circular dichroism spectra of myocardial actin in respiratory hypoxia]. AB - Straub actin secondary structure of canine myocardium with respiratory hypoxia is shown not to differ significantly from the normal one. However, circular dichroism spectra in 250-300 nm region deviate significantly. Fractional composition of pathological actin proved to be practically identical to the normal one. This fact suggests that circular dichroism spectra alteration is presumably due to the conformation change of environments of aromatic acids which are included in actin active sites, responsible for polymerization. PMID- 7126655 TI - [Interaction of collagen with sodium ions]. AB - A change was found in the correlation between donor and acceptor adsorptive sites on the collagen surface in NaCl solution treatment. The number of binding sites was estimated by the value of spin-spin interaction constant (alpha) of native and treated by 3% NaCl solution; it accounts for 12,5 sites per 100 amino acid residues. A non-specific effect of water freezing after Na+ and K+ ions penetration was noticed. PMID- 7126652 TI - [Binding of Mg ions with alpha-lactalbumin studied by fluorescent spectroscopy]. AB - Titration of metal-freed bovine alpha-lactalbumin with Mg2+ ions causes a two stepped decrease in the fluorescence quantum yield and a pronounced spectral shift towards shorter wavelengths. It seems to reflect conformational changes induced by the binding of two Mg2+ ions to the protein molecule which results in a transfer of some tryptophan residues from the protein surface into an interior part of the protein in rigid unpolar environment. The Mg2+ association constants evaluated from the fluorimetric Mg2+-titration are 2x10(3) and 2x10(2) M-1. Mg2+ ions in millimolar concentrations almost do not influence the binding of Ca2+ ions to protein. It is assumed that Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions are bound to different sites on alpha-lactalbumin. Mono-calcium, mono-magnesium, bi-magnesium and apo forms of alpha-lactalbumin are distinct in their fluorescence properties which suggests the difference in the conformation of these forms. The binding of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions to alpha-lactalbumin has to modulate its function. PMID- 7126656 TI - [Study of Monomolecular layers of immunoglobulin G by IR-spectroscopy]. AB - The deposited immunoglobulin G (IgG) monomolecular layers consisting of native protein molecules oriented either horizontally or vertically towards the Si internal reflection plate, and also of molecules, denatured in monolayers at air water interface have been studied by attenuated total-reflection (ATR) IR spectroscopy technique. It was shown that deposition of IgG molecules on Si surface from monolayers at air--water interface did not change conformation and orientation of the molecules. The value of monolayer thickness correlates with the IgG molecule dimensions calculated from X-ray diffraction data. It was also established that beta-conformation prevails in the secondary structure of both native and denaturated molecules. PMID- 7126657 TI - [Calculation of the surface and volume of proteins in solution]. AB - The volume occupied by the particle in the solvent and also its molecular and accessible surfaces were described with a system of small cubes (the edge length approximately 0.3 A). We have compared the ratios between molecular and accessible surface areas for a number of proteins, and different extent of jaggedness of the molecular surface of these proteins was revealed. For the studied proteins the volume occupied by the protein in the solvent calculated by this technique is close to that estimated from the experimental partial specific protein volume. PMID- 7126658 TI - [Free iron in intracellular membrane structures]. AB - Possibility of long-term existence of closed model membrane structures loaded with low molecular compounds of bivalent ferrum was shown. Liposomes prepared from phospholipids of egg yolk were used as a model. There were found similar effects of heating and detergents on the formation of nitrosyl complexes of non heme iron (complexes 2.03) in the model system--liposomes loaded with ferrum on the one hand and mitochondria, hepatocytes and liver on the other. Heating and detergents intensify the formation of complexes 2.03, which is conditioned by iron liberation from the liposomes and closed intracellular membrane structures as a result of their destruction. A conclusion is drawn that free iron in animal liver cells is localized in the close membrane structures. PMID- 7126659 TI - [Effect of discrete charge on potential distribution in bilayer lipid membranes]. AB - The potential of discrete charges located in the plane at some depth inside the membrane was analysed. In an approximation of constant dielectric permeability of the membrane an expression for micropotential distribution was found. A case when the charges were at the membrane surface was considered separately. An improved variant of the cutout disc method was elaborated which permitted accurate determination of potentials discrete lattices. PMID- 7126660 TI - [Generation of potential on bilayer lipid membrane in proton combination separation reactions in the layers adjacent to the membranes]. AB - Addition of uncoupler at the background of concentration gradient of the salts of weak acids and bases (sodium acetate and ammonium chloride) brought about formation of the positive potential on the BLM part with high sodium acetate concentration and of the negative potential on the BLM part with high ammonium chloride concentration. It was shown that the potential formation was conditioned by the initiation of pH gradient in unstirred layers. The effects observed are described by means of the earlier developed [7] model of the transfer of weak acids and bases through BLM. The results obtained show that with the existence of gradients of weak acids and bases potentials may appear on the membrane, biological ones included, in the presence of protonophor. PMID- 7126661 TI - [Application of phosphorescent probes in investigations of model and biological membranes]. AB - Possibility of using phosphorescent probes for membrane investigations was analysed on lecithin liposomes and rat liver microsomes taken as an example. It was shown that one quencher molecule on 10(4) lecithin molecules is sufficient for experimental registration of diffusion-controlled quenching of erythrosine phosphorescence by stable nitroxide radicals. It is possible to study the diffusion processes with D = 10(-5) divided by 10(-9) cm2s-1. Application of quenchers of different polarity allows to make a conclusion that the phosphorescent probe erythrosine is localized in liposomes in the region of polar heads of phosphatidyl choline. It was determined from the rate of phosphorescence quenching by radicals that the membrane microviscosity in this region at 20 degrees C equals approximately 1 puas. The coefficient of erythrosine lateral diffusion in liposomes estimated from their self-quenching equals 1,1 x 10(-8) cm2s-1. In the microsome erythrosine is localized in hydrophobic parts of proteins and is not accessible for the quencher molecules. PMID- 7126662 TI - [Effect of Li, Rb and temperature on Na and K binding by glycerinated frog muscle fibers]. PMID- 7126663 TI - [Reaction of cells to hypertonic effects by cryoprotection]. AB - Kinetics of volume changes in cells caused by hypertonic solutions has been investigated theoretically using an apparatus of the non-equilibrium thermodynamics. Analytical expressions for relaxation times of the two-stage process studied have been found. The reaction of mouse peritoneal exudate cells to hypertonic solutions of glycerol. PEO-400 or PEO-1500 has been studied experimentally. An agreement has been obtained between theoretical calculations and experimental results. Possible mechanism of cell injury caused by hypertony is discussed. PMID- 7126665 TI - [Parameters of the function of cell distribution by size as related to the study of the mechanism of cell growth]. AB - Distribution function of bacteria-rods according to their sizes is calculated assuming linear growth of cells between the divisions and step-like function of division (the division rate equals zero up to the moment when the cell reaches certain length L, then it has constant value A). An approximate analytical expression for the distribution function is obtained; the parameter L and A are calculated from the condition of best coincidence between the theoretical and experimental curves determined by I. A. Basnakyan and G. P. Dubinina (Mechnikov Research Institute of Virology) for continuous culture of typhoid bacteria. PMID- 7126666 TI - [Fractionation of carbon isotopes in the cell with stationary currents of carbon substrates]. AB - A model of isotope fractionation of carbon with stationary current of carbon substrates was studied. The model is shown to give a satisfactory description of fractionation of carbon isotopes in heterotrophs and to be insufficient for describing isotope fractionation in autotrophs. PMID- 7126667 TI - [Ultrasonic hemolysis of normal and pathological erythrocytes]. AB - The kinetic method of the investigation of erythrocyte haemolysis normal and at different tumour pathologies by ultrasound was developed. The quantitative parameters of the mechanical resistance of erythrocytes were studied (time and velocity of haemolysis, time of half-destruction, the distribution of erythrocytes by their haemolytic resistance). The studied parameters differ between the normal state and the tumour in organism. The analysis of the differential distribution of erythrocytes by their resistance to ultrasonic haemolysis revealed the occurrence in the patient's blood of erythrocytes with increased resistance ("young" erythrocytes). The mechanical resistance of the erythrocytes at pathology was shown to increase as compared with the normal state. The differences in the effective constants of ultrasonic haemolysis velocity were estimated for the normal state and for different tumours. They are caused by the changes in visco-elastic properties of red blood cells. PMID- 7126668 TI - [Model of monomeric tissue growth]. AB - A mathematical model of tissue growth and differentiation is presented. The equation of the living tissue growth is plotted on the basis of the analogy with Lagrange approach in the description of liquid. Factors responsible for the position of the tissue in time and space are described in terms activator inhibitor. The equation system obtained is analysed for the existence of stationary solutions, which is interpreted as a property of the tissue regeneration. The results of numerical analysis are presented. PMID- 7126664 TI - [Effect of dispersion of electric parameters of bacterial cells on their orientation in alternating electric fields]. AB - On the basis of electrophysical model of bacterial cell frequency relationship of orienting force moment acting on it in the alternating electric field has been calculated. Dependence of relative value of the moment on electric and geometrical parameters of the model was calculated. It has been shown that the account of frequency dispersion of the electric parameters brings about a change in the course of frequency relationship of the orienting moment in the range of low and mean frequencies. The data obtained agree with electrooptic measurements performed on E. coli cells. PMID- 7126669 TI - [Mathematical model of the restoration of cellular composition of red blood]. AB - A model of restoration of normal composition of the red blood after blood losses and erythrocyte introduction is suggested. It has been shown that the equation system which describes the dynamics of changes of cell numbers during chronic blood losses or other influences decreasing their mean life span has an autooscillative regime. The pattern of the latter is close to the oscillations observed during antibodies injection destroying the erythrocytes. PMID- 7126671 TI - [Stability of an attenuation model as exemplified by "phytoplankton-phosphorus"]. PMID- 7126670 TI - [Model of regulating blood glucose level during physical load]. AB - A mathematical model has been developed for studying the dynamics of blood glucose and lactate under physical load. The model describes the Cori cycle and glycogen metabolism in the liver and skeletal muscle. It takes account of both the activation of liver gluconeogenesis (GNG) and of its inhibition due to a low pH caused by high lactate concentrations. The system behavior pattern following the transition from rest to load is demonstrated by stepped variation of the load parameter. The model provides an explanation of smaller changes in glycemia in the trained persons. PMID- 7126672 TI - [Elasticity of the foot when modelling man's movements]. AB - An anthropomorphic model was elaborated, which permitted estimation of foot elasticity in man's movements. The foot in the model is presented as an elastic rod. In this model it turned necessary to introduce additional limitations as the zero moment point in support, and the effect of foot elasticity on the dynamics of man's movement was estimated. The movements of the model performing a jump synthetized on a computer proved to be adequate to similar movement of the man. PMID- 7126673 TI - [Two-dimensional structure of receptive fields of the cat visual cortex]. AB - Two-dimensional spatial-frequency characteristics of receptive fields were obtained when investigating with sinusoidal gratings of different spatial frequency and orientation. The optimal spatial frequency does not change with orientation. Theoretical analysis of the role of limited size of RF shows that RF must be broadband in frequency and orientation. The results show that RF are grating filters. PMID- 7126674 TI - [Hydrolysis of globular proteins with trypsin in a strong magnetic field]. AB - To test probable effect of the magnetic field (MF) on the dynamic structure of globular proteins the action of strong MF on proteolysis rate of methemoglobin and serum albumin with trypsin was studied. It has been found that the MF up to 10 T does not affect the proteolysis rate of these proteins and does not effect that of serum albumin with immobilized trypsin. This makes impossible consideration of the effect on the dynamic structure of globular proteins as a mechanism of the MF action on biological systems. PMID- 7126675 TI - [Transverse deformation of bilayer lipid membranes due to electrostriction]. AB - The values of the Young's modulus of bilayer membranes (BLM) in transverse direction E perpendicular low compared to the same E parallel in BLM plane, may be determined by the capacity method only for membranes with alternative thickness. The measured values of thickness change characterize in general the striction of thin regions of the BLM. In the case of large transverse dimensions of microinhomogeneities the BLM reflectivity change is a function of the dilation of thick BLM regions but not striction of its thin regions induced with electrical potential. PMID- 7126677 TI - [Study of density of water, sorbed by biopolymers, by the method of helium pycnometry]. PMID- 7126678 TI - [Lipofuscin during development and aging of the organism]. PMID- 7126679 TI - [Regulations of man's balance on a small supporting surface]. AB - Realization of balance on the toe mas followed by the appearance in the autospectrogrames of stabillograms, goniogrames, electromyogrames of the support leg muscles and of microtransmissions of the body common weight centre, of the dominating zone of frequencies of 3-6 Herz and of the coincidence of maximums of the frequency spectrum. PMID- 7126676 TI - [Effect of macrocyclic amidoesters on membranes]. AB - A comparative analysis of new macrocyclic amidoesters effect on the bimolecular lipid membrane as well as on the electroexcitable membrane of snail isolated neurons was carried out. It was shown that the investigated complexes inducing a small change in lipid bilayer conductivity and some changes in Na-Ca neuron current characteristics produce essential changes of rapid potassium as well as late potassium current properties. It was concluded on the basis of these results and potassium compounds specificity that the investigated complexes interact directly with neuron potassium channels. PMID- 7126680 TI - [Effect "hardening" of a plant on crystallization of intracellular water in its tissues]. PMID- 7126681 TI - [Specificity of tetrodotoxin effect in mollusc neurons]. PMID- 7126682 TI - [Cause of zero-point drift in visual polarimeter]. PMID- 7126684 TI - Effect of toyocamycin on oncornaviral production by acutely infected cells. AB - The adenosine analogue toyocamycin incorporates into the RNA species of mammalia cells and abolishes at low concentrations of the processing of 45S preribosomal nucleolar RNA into the mature 28 and 18S cytoplasmic ribosomal RNAs. We have previously shown that toyocamycin depresses the production of the Friend leukemia viral complex by chronically infected cells. In this article, we report the study of the action of the drug on viral RNA in acutely infected cells. We found that, although abolishing viral production, the incorporation of toyocamycin does not inhibit the formation of mature viral messenger RNAs nor prevent the synthesis of specific viral proteins. These results are obtained at concentrations of analogue sufficient to abolish the appearance of mature cytoplasmic ribosomal RNA. PMID- 7126683 TI - [Comparative study on the chemical modification of sulfhydryl groups of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases from yeast and rabbit muscle. The relationship between structure and chemical reactivity]. AB - Chemical modification of cystein 149 residues from yeast apo-glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase either by iodoacetamidonaphtol or N-(4-dimethylamino-3,5 dinitrophenyl) maleimide results in the disappearance of free sulfhydryl groups according to "full sites reactivity", whereas loss of the dehydrogenase activity occurs following "half of the sites reactivity". Chemical modification of the same cystein residues of the rabbit muscle apoenzyme by N-(4-dimethylamino-3,5 dinitrophenyl) maleimid shows that both loss of activity and disappearance of the sulphydryl groups may be described as "full sites reactivity" phenomena. After chemical modification by iodoacetamidonaphtol both processes follow "half of the sites reactivity". PMID- 7126685 TI - Non-heme iron proteins of Desulfovibrio: the primary structure of ferredoxin I from Desulfovibrio africanus. AB - Three different ferredoxins have been isolated from the sulfate reducing bacterium, Desulfovibrio africanus. The present paper describes the complete amino acid sequence of D. africanus ferredoxin I. This sequence was determined using automatic protein sequencing in liquid phase and in solid phase. The 61 amino acid residues of the sequence have been aligned with the aid of peptides obtained by cyanogen bromide, cleavage and by tryptic hydrolysis. This ferredoxin which contains 4 cysteine residues represents the most simple case of one (4 Fe-4 S) cluster ferredoxin. A comparison of D. africanus ferredoxin I with D. gigas and Clostridium pasteurianum ferredoxins is presented in terms of structural and possible evolutionary relationships. PMID- 7126686 TI - [Affinity chromatography of NAD(P)+ dehydrogenases dependent on the concentration of NAD(P)+ bound to ketones or aldehydes]. AB - The use of general ligands such as NAD(P)+ for affinity chromatography of dehydrogenase requires elution with pulses of oxidized or reduced cofactor at suitable concentrations. This method of elution can involve considerable effort before ideal eluent conditions are evolved. We report on a new method of immobilized NAD(P)+ modifications which increases the selectivity of the phase and may be of rather wide application. The immobilized NAD(P)+ is modified by addition of a ketone or an aldehyde substrate of the dehydrogenase which must be purified and becomes a very specific ligand of that dehydrogenase. The adduct of immobilized NAD+ and sodium pyruvate absorbs specifically the lactate dehydrogenase, whereas the adduct of immobilized NAD+ and cyclohexanone adsorbs specifically the horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase. Absorbed dehydrogenases are eluted with NaCl gradients. PMID- 7126687 TI - Frequency limitations of the two-point central difference differentiation algorithm. AB - A two-point central difference algorithm is often used to calculate the derivative of a function. This estimate is only valid over a limited frequency range. Therefore, the algorithm can be modeled as an ideal differentiator in series with a low-pass filter. The filter cutoff frequency is a function of the time between the points. We discuss the accuracy and limitations of using this algorithm on human saccadic eye movement data. To calculate the velocity of saccadic eye movements the algorithm should have a cutoff frequency of 74 Hz or above. PMID- 7126689 TI - Pulse sequences generated by a degenerate analog neuron model. AB - The response characteristics of an electronic neuron model proposed by the authors are investigated. Periodic stimulating pulse sequences with a fixed frequency are applied to the analog neuron model and the response pulse sequences are studied. In the degenerate case, the state transition of the neuron model during one period of the stimulating pulse sequense is described by a first order piecewise linear difference equation with a jump. It is shown that the periodic response pulse sequences of the neuron model belong to a special class of pulse sequences generated by a simple algorithm, and that the relation between the pulse width (or amplitude) of the stimulating pulse and the firing rate of the neuron model takes the form of an extended Cantor function. PMID- 7126688 TI - A model for nonlinear stochastic behavior of the pupil. AB - In this paper we present new experimental results that show pupillary noise to be multiplicative in a particular fashion with greatest variance in midrange and smaller variance at high and low ranges. This confirms the finding of multiplicative noise by Stanten and Stark (1966), but modifies and extends the relationship they suggested between standard deviation and mean pupil diameter. We propose a parametric model of the iris muscle which not only describes the static characteristics of pupil response to given stimuli, but also explains its random fluctuations in terms of probability density functions. We emphasize the point that the range nonlinearity is not due to decreased gain at the extrema of the pupil range, but is operational over a wide portion of the pupillary behavioral range, hence its name--"expansive range nonlinearity". We conclude that noise amplitude, which is a function of the pupil diameter, closely parallels the changes in deterministic gain. Thus pupil noise can be simply considered as cross-talk additive Gaussian noise injected into the pupil system at midbrain level. PMID- 7126690 TI - A neural model for category learning. AB - We present a general neural model for supervised learning of pattern categories which can resolve pattern classes separated by nonlinear, essentially arbitrary boundaries. The concept of a pattern class develops from storing in memory a limited number of class elements (prototypes). Associated with each prototype is a modifiable scalar weighting factor (lambda) which effectively defines the threshold for categorization of an input with the class of the given prototype. Learning involves (1) commitment of prototypes to memory and (2) adjustment of the various lambda factors to eliminate classification errors. In tests, the model ably defined classification boundaries that largely separated complicated pattern regions. We discuss the role which divisive inhibition might play in a possible implementation of the model by a network of neurons. PMID- 7126691 TI - A model for impulse frequency modulation used in neural encoding. AB - The impulse rate at the output of a neural encoder can be interpreted as the sum of the mean impulse rate plus a noise component. From literature models are known which describe the transient phenomena of the encoder as far as the mean impulse rate is concerned. In this paper in addition the noise phenomenon is treated by a model which is in agreement with results derived from measurements. This model consists of two parts, a multiplicative and an additive estimator. The first one is similar to the automatic gain control system known from literature. This system estimates the amplification of the impulse rate due to the step input of the neural encoder. Multiplying the impulse rate with the inverse of this factor inhibits the change of the impulse rate. The second estimator calculates the step size of the impulse rate which is subtracted from the output of the encoder. Again the change of the impulse rate is inhibited. The comparison of the impulse rates simulated by the model and given by published measurements shows a good agreement for the properties of the mean impulse rate and the variance of the imposed noise. PMID- 7126693 TI - A study of the electromyogram using a population stochastic model of skeletal muscle. AB - The features of the electromyogram (EMG) are studied using a population model of skeletal muscle based on the differing properties and the independent activation of motor units (MUs). It is shown, both analytically and by computer simulation, that: (a) The power spectrum of the EMG is determined by the distribution of filtering and firing properties of the active MUs. (b) A tendency towards a rhythmical grouping of action potentials is to be expected from a set of asynchronous MUs firing semiregularly at similar rates; the grouped electrical activity has a phase-lead over the force output of the set of about 180 degrees. A unified explanation of the properties of the muscle force waveform and the electromyogram, in terms of asynchronous activity of MUs, is proposed. The explanation covers the relationship and the differences between the two signals. PMID- 7126694 TI - Measures of transinformation for multiple input/single output neuronal systems. AB - This paper presents a method for the calculation of the information transfer, or transinformation, in multiple input/single output neuronal systems. Our approach is an extension of an approach introduced by Eckhorn and Poepel in 1974. These authors computed the transinformation in single input/single output neuronal channels by regarding the spike (or stimulus) trains involved as finite Markov chains. The expressions for multiple input systems presented here are derived in close analogy to formulae in linear systems theory which show explicitly the correlations between the different input channels. A number of equivalent forms for the transinformation are discussed. PMID- 7126696 TI - [Regulatory characteristics of glycolysis in erythrocytes of sheep]. AB - The regulatory properties of glycolysis in sheep erythrocytes (i. e. dependence of the rate of glucose uptake on ATP concentration) were investigated. A decrease of ATP concentration in the erythrocytes by arsenate causes a sharp rise in the rate of glycolysis, the maximal rate being reached at ATP concentration of about 70% of the original one. Further decrease of ATP lowers the rate of glycolysis; no steady-state rates of energy metabolism are observed within this concentration range. The parameters of glycolysis measured in erythrocytes of various species coincide when the rates of glycolysis are normalized in terms of its maximal value and that of ATP -- in terms of its value at which the maximal rate is reached. The identities of regulatory properties of glycolysis take place even upon two-fold differences in the absolute values of rates and concentrations. PMID- 7126695 TI - [Interaction of phospholipids with 3-oxosteroid-delta 1-dehydrogenase in adsorptional model biomembranes. Interaction of the enzyme from Mycobacterium rubrum with liposomes]. AB - A comparative study of the activity of 3-oxosteroid-delta 1-dehydrogenase from Mycobacterium rubrum 121 in solution and after interaction with liposomes prepared from phospholipids of the same microorganism was carried out. It was demonstrated that at pH 6.6 the enzyme activity in the presence of liposomes is increased. The dependence of this effect on the amount of phospholipids and protein in the system, on the ratio and on the time of their coincubation was established. The activating effect of liposomes is not changed by Mg2+ or EDTA. The crucial role in the enzyme association with the phospholipid matrix belongs to electrostatic bonds which are destroyed upon increase in the ionic strength within the physiological range. The enzyme transition to the free state is accompanied by a fall in the activity. The possible role of these interactions in regulation of enzymatic activity in the cell is discussed. PMID- 7126697 TI - [Interaction of isozymes I and II of hexokinase with a microsomal fraction of skeletal muscle of rats]. AB - The conditions of reversible transition of hexokinase from the hyaloplasm to the rat skeletal muscle microsomal membranes were studied. The maximal absorption of the enzyme by the membranes was observed in the presence of Mg2+ and glucose at weakly alkaline values of pH. Adenyl nucleotides and glucose 6-phosphate taken at physiological concentrations at neutral and weakly acid values of pH make the effect of Mg2+ reversible. It was shown that the both hexokinase isozymes I and II localized in muscle hyaloplasm are capable of reversible transition from the free state to the bound one. All the effects observed during hexokinase interaction with the rough microsomal fraction occurred in the cases of a purified muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum fraction. The conditions for the enzyme interaction with the microsomal and mitochondrial membrane fractions were found to be practically identical. However, when the enzyme was bound to the microsomal membrane, some reversible changes (e. g. increase of V) took place; the Km value for glucose remained thereby unchanged. The data obtained are discussed in terms of an adsorption mechanism of hexokinase activity control in the cell. PMID- 7126699 TI - [Condensation of residues of diiodotyrosine with thyroxine near the surface of the thyroglobulin molecule by means of differential spectrophotometry]. AB - Aromatic amino acids including iodotyrosines and thyroxin in intact, extraiodinated and acetylated bovine thyroglobulin were studied by the differential spectrophotometric technique. Modifications (i. e. acetylation, iodination) changed the accessibility of these chromophores to ethylene glycol. The data obtained suggest that thyroxin can be formed from two diiodotyrosine residues in the surface regions of the thyroglobulin molecule which are available for ethylene glycol. PMID- 7126692 TI - Outline of a theory for the ontogenesis of iso-orientation domains in visual cortex. PMID- 7126698 TI - [Suppression of lipotropic action of human somatotropin by protease inhibitors]. AB - The effect of protease inhibitors on the lipotrophic action of the human growth hormone was studied in rabbits in vivo and in vitro. The human growth hormone at a concentration of 25-100 micrograms/ml stimulated lipolysis in isolated rabbit perirenal fat tissue 3-5 fold. An addition of 250 or 500 E Trasylol or 5 mM methylamine to the incubation mixture inhibited the growth hormone lipotrophic effect by 50%. Contrary to these protease inhibitors, the aminopeptidase inhibitor bacitracin did not affect the growth hormone action. Trasylol and methylamine did not diminish either basal or epinephrine-stimulated lipolysis in rabbit fat tissue. In vivo Contrical at the total dose of 5000 E infused 30 min before and 30 min after the growth hormone injection completely abolished the increase of plasma-free fatty acid level induced by the hormone. These data suggest that: 1) the inhibitor suppression of growth hormone lipotrophic action is not due to the inhibitor influence on lipolysis or on hormone action at the cell membrane level but is the result of direct protease inhibiton; 2) the late lipotrophic action of the growth hormone may require preliminary cleavage of the hormone molecule in which serine proteases may be involved. PMID- 7126700 TI - [Inhibition of luciferase from the firefly Luciola mingrelica by ATP analogs]. AB - The effects of the ATP analogs--nucleotide bases, nucleosides, nucleotide 5' mono, 5'-di- and 5'-triphosphates -- on the bioluminescence of luciferin oxidation in the presence of firefly (Luciola mingrelica) luciferase were studied. It was shown that all the compounds tested are luciferase inhibitors, differing in terms of inhibition mechanisms. The inhibition by all the ATP analogs is non-competitive with respect to luciferin, the Ki values varying from 0.3 to 56 mM. With respect to ATP the nucleotide bases, nucleosides and 5' diphosphates are non-competitive inhibitors, whereas nucleotide 5'-mono- and 5' triphosphates are inhibitors of the mixed type. The Ki values vary from 0.02 to 220 mM, depending on the inhibitor structure. The non-competitive inhibition is influenced by binding two inhibitor molecules to an enzyme molecule. An allosteric mechanism of luciferase inhibition by ATP analogs is proposed and possible functioning of the ATP-binding site on the enzyme is discussed. PMID- 7126701 TI - [Biospecific preparation and some properties of molecular factors, interacting with brain-specific proteins S100]. AB - The biospecific preparation and a preliminary analysis of physico-chemical properties of water-soluble proteins from bovine brain and liver and brain oligopeptides specifically adsorbed on a column with immobilized brain-specific proteins of the major fraction S100 were carried out. Using thin-layer electrophoresis on cellulose and tachyphoresis, it was found that four oligopeptide cations and three anionic oligopeptides interact with S100. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed at least six brain proteins and 11 liver proteins, which interact with S100. An essential role in interaction of protein ligands from the bran (but not from liver) with immobilized S100 proteins belongs to Ca2+. The use of natural endogenous ligands for the study of the biological role of brain-specific proteins S100 is discussed. PMID- 7126703 TI - [Sulfhydryl groups of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase from pigeon breast muscle]. AB - Using various thiol reagents (DTNB, pCMB, NBD-chloride), the number and reactivity of SH-groups of the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase component (KGD) of the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex were established. The total number of SH-groups as determined in the presence of a detergent is 12 per monomer of KGD. In the native enzyme DTNB titrates 3 or 4 SH-groups which, according to their reactivity, can be divided into 3 types. pCMB and NBD-chloride modify 5 to 6 SH-groups of KGD. In the presence of alpha-ketoglutarate and its active analog, alpha-ketoadipate, two SH-groups of the enzymes, the most and the least reactive ones, become inaccessible to the action of DTNB but the titrated by a 30-100-fold molar excess of pCMB. Binding of alpha-ketoacids which are competitive inhibitors of the enzyme causes no masking of SH-groups of KGD. When 3-4 SH-groups of KGD are blocked, the enzyme activity is reduced by 30% due to modification of the same two SH-groups which are inaccessible to DTNB in the presence of substrate. The fluorescence spectra of S-NBD derivatives of KGD suggest that these two SH-groups have hydrophobic environment. In terms of the number and reactivity of the thiol groups the apoenzyme does not differ from the holoenzyme; however, an addition of alpha-ketoglutarate to the apoenzyme does not decrease the number of SH-groups interacting with DTNB or the rate of their modification. The masking of two SH-groups of the holoenzyme results from conformational changes accompanying the formation of a productive ternary enzyme - coenzyme -- substrate complex. Possible localization of these groups in the proximity of the active site is discussed. PMID- 7126704 TI - [Lipid dependence of the activity of cytochrome P-450 from microsomes of rat liver by the phosphatidylcholine transfer protein from bovine liver]. AB - The lipid dependence of hydroxylase and demethylase activities of microsomal cytochrome P-450 was studied, using purified phosphatidylcholine transfer protein from bovine liver. In the presence of this protein exogeneous phosphatidylcholine was shown to reactivate cytochrome P-450 inactivated earlier with lysophosphatidylcholine. PMID- 7126702 TI - [DNA-ligase from Streptomyces albus G]. AB - DNA-ligase was isolated from the cells of Streptomyces albus G by chromatography on phosphocellulose, DEAE-cellulose and oxyapatite. The enzyme was shown to be NAD-dependent and had a molecular weight of 80,000 +/- 5000. PMID- 7126705 TI - [Independence of nucleolysis of structural elements of chromatin of histone H1]. AB - The type of nucleolysis and the size of DNA monomeric particles were studied at different steps of rat liver chromatin digestion by endogenous Ca2+, Mg2+-DNAase. At an early stage of nucleolysis (5-7% of monomers, 1-2% of acid-soluble material) the monomeric particles are represented by three electrophoretic classes containing all histones and differing in DNA size; the latter varies from 170 to 215 base pairs. The monomers with histone H1 and without it isolated at the stage of exhaustive fragmentation (85-90% of monomers, 12-15% of acid-soluble material) are represented by two electrophoretic classes. The mobility of these particles does not depend on the presence of histone H1 in them. A comparison of DNA sizes in the particles with and without histone H1 demonstrated that these sizes are identical and vary from 150 to 175 base pairs. The formation of histone H1-free monomers is not accompanied by the increase in exonucleolytic degradation of chromatin DNA. A comparison of electrophoretic patterns of monomeric particle DNA at different steps of nucleolysis showed that degradation of DNA in the structural chromatin unit occurs uninterruptedly from 215 to 150 nucleotides and in the region of 175-150 nucleotides is independent of histone H1. The data obtained suggest that histone H1 does not protect the DNA against nuclelysis at nucleotides 150-175 of the chromatin structural unit, which is in agreement with the existing concepts on protection of this nucleosomal region by histone octamer. PMID- 7126708 TI - Relationship between peripheral blood flow and blood temperatures in lambs during hypoxemia and hemorrhage. AB - The relationships between the peripheral blood flow and arterial and venous blood temperatures were examined in 5 lambs (mean weight 10.5 kg, 4-12 weeks old) during hypoxemia and hemorrhage. Blood flow to one hind limb was measured continuously with an electromagnetic flow transducer around the femoral artery. Aortic and venous blood temperatures were monitored by means of thermistor catheters in the descending aorta and iliac vein. The intravascular catheters and flow transducer were implanted chronically and all studies were performed in conscious lambs, resting quietly. Skin temperatures were recorded at the hip and at the foot. The total heat in the hind limb (Htot), the net heat transported by circulating blood (Hbl), and the metabolic heat produced in the hind limb were calculated. The arterial and venous blood temperature were related to peripheral blood flow. When the flow was constant over a control period, blood temperatures remained constant. Hypoxemia, produced by administering a low oxygen gas mixture to the lamb, did not alter femoral blood flow, nor did it affect vascular temperatures. During hemorrhage, femoral blood flow fell, arterial temperature rose by 0.46 degrees C and venous temperature by 0.85 degrees C; arteriovenous temperature difference decreased from 0.85 to 0.44 degrees C. There was an inverse relationship between femoral blood flow and venous temperature in each individual lamb subjected to hemorrhage, with a correlation of 0.91. For each 10 ml/min decrease in peripheral blood flow the venous temperature rose an average of 0.33 degrees C. Changes in peripheral blood flow were immediately reflected by changes in the venous temperature. PMID- 7126707 TI - Tissue oxygen delivery in lambs: effect of postnatal age and acute hypoxemia. AB - Organ tissue arterial oxygen delivery in relation to postnatal age and acute hypoxemia (arterial pO2 34 +/- 5 Torr for 30 min) was studied in chronically catheterized, non anesthetized lambs 2-38 days of age. Baseline tissue oxygen delivery to heart and skeletal muscle correlated significantly with postnatal age. Acute hypoxemia induced significantly decreased oxygen delivery to kidney, spleen, ileum, jejunum and skeletal muscle without significant relation to postnatal age. Hypoxemia also induced increased arterial oxygen capacity and hemoglobin concentration which correlated significantly with postnatal age. These results suggest that baseline organ tissue oxygen delivery and response to hypoxemia remain constant during early postnatal maturation. Furthermore, hypoxemia may induce an apparent shift of fluid from the intravascular compartment which is greater in older lambs. PMID- 7126706 TI - Secretin levels in plasma and tissue of the neonatal swine. AB - The mean fasting serum secretin level determined in newborn swine was found to be 298.0 +/- (SEM) 5 pg/ml, significantly higher than that in the adult animal. Intraduodenal infusion of 0.1 N HCl produced dramatic elevation of the mean serum secretin level to 2,090 +/- 340 pg/ml. The tissue secretin concentration of duodenal mucosa as well as the molecular species of tissue secretin were found to be identical to that of the adult swine. The mean disappearance half-life of exogenously administered secretin in the newborn swine was significantly prolonged over adult values, to 3.6 min. These data suggest that delayed secretin degradation can be implicated as a factor in the etiology of the hypersecretinemia in the newborn swine. PMID- 7126709 TI - Regulation of ureagenesis in neonatal rat liver: influence of cycloheximide in vivo and in vitro. AB - In order to establish whether the postnatal rise in five urea cycle enzyme activities is associated with protein synthesis, the effects of cycloheximide on urea cycle enzyme activities, citrulline and urea productions in vivo and in vitro were studied. A single injection of cycloheximide (10 microgram) 9 h after birth significantly prevented the rise in enzyme activities and citrulline concentration which normally occurred after birth, while the urea level remained unchanged. These data suggest that the postnatal rise in urea cycle enzyme activities might be associated with a protein synthesis. The rate of citrulline synthesis by liver slices was reduced (about 50%) in cycloheximide-treated neonatal liver, while the rate of urea production was not significantly decreased. The results obtained in vivo are in good agreement with in vitro experiments: citrullinogenesis was only affected by cycloheximide treatment. When cycloheximide 10 mM was added to the incubation medium, the ability of control neonatal liver slices to produce citrulline and urea was reduced to 42 and 11%, respectively. Since argininosuccinic acid addition in the medium did not produce a rise in urea synthesis, it is concluded that argininosuccinase is most responsive after incubation in cycloheximide and therefore becomes the rate limiting step of the urea synthesis. PMID- 7126710 TI - Stimulation of serum erythropoietic activity in rat fetuses under conditions of glucocorticoid deficiency or excess. PMID- 7126713 TI - Cell cycle analysis of the postnatal mouse pancreas. PMID- 7126714 TI - Fatty acid biosynthesis in sheep placenta and maternal and fetal adipose tissue. AB - The rates of fatty acid synthesis from 3H2O and [1-14C]-acetate as substrates have been determined in sheep placental tissue and maternal and fetal adipose tissues in vitro. The tissue was obtained from sheep approximately 28 or 3 days from parturition. Placental tissue synthesised fatty acids at an appreciable rate and newly synthesised fatty acids were apparently transferred from the tissue to the incubation medium. When the results were expressed per unit of tissue weight, fetal adipose tissue synthesised fatty acids much more rapidly than did placental tissue but because there was much more of the latter tissue, the total amounts of fatty acids synthesised by each were comparable. However, it appeared that most of the fatty acids (approximately 80%) in the fetus must have been derived from the maternal plasma. The nature of the fatty acids synthesised de novo was investigated, as was the manner of their esterification. PMID- 7126712 TI - Correlation between gestational age and fetal activity periods. AB - Cyclic patterns of active and quiet fetal activity were evaluated in 36 clinically normal gravidas between 27 and 42 weeks of gestation. All infants were subsequently delivered between 37 and 42 weeks of gestation, were clinically normal and of appropriate weight for gestational age. Active-quiet cycles occurred less frequently and were of longer duration with increasing gestational age. Regression analysis of the number of active-quiet cycles with gestational age yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.52 (p less than 0.01). The similarity of fetal active-quiet cycles and active and quiet sleep cycles observed after birth is noted. PMID- 7126715 TI - Brain prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha following neonatal asphyxia in the guinea pig. AB - In this study, the effects of (1) asphyxia and (2) asphyxiation followed by resuscitation on brain levels of prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha were evaluated in 2-day-old guinea pigs. Asphyxiation in a nitrogen atmosphere for either 3 min or 3 min 40 s did not alter brain PGF2 alpha levels but after 3 min 40 s of asphyxia, brain PGE2 levels were significantly elevated from control values. When asphyxiation was followed by resuscitation with 95% O2 and 5% CO2, brain PGF2 alpha levels rose significantly while PGE2 levels were not different from nonasphyxiated control values. Pretreatment of animals with indomethacin lowered brain levels of both prostaglandins below nonasphyxiated control levels and prevented any asphyxiation or resuscitation-induced rise in brain prostaglandin levels. Also, animals which were asphyxiated, resuscitated, and sacrificed 1 day after asphyxiation had brain prostaglandin levels which were not different from levels in nonasphyxiated control animals. These studies demonstrate a significant rise in brain PGF2 alpha levels following resuscitation from acute total asphyxia. We speculate that the resuscitation-induced rise in brain PGF2 alpha may contribute to restriction of cerebral blood flow in the postasphyxial period through its action as a vasoconstrictive agent. PMID- 7126711 TI - A spectrophotometric assay of skin bilirubin in adult Gunn rats. AB - The present study was undertaken to assess the value of a spectrophotometric method for the assay of bilirubin content in Gunn rat skin. The pigment extraction was performed by incubating skin strips in a barbital-acetate buffered methanol-chloroform mixture at pH 7 for 90 min. The procedure yielded an overall recovery average of 93 +/- 9% which was not influenced when the incubation time was varied from 1 to 2.5 h. The bilirubin concentration in skin extracts was calculated from spectrophotometric absorbance readings and according to the molar extinction coefficient of the pigment in chloroform. Bilirubin appeared to remain stable during the analytical process. The mean bilirubin content as measured by this method was 1.88 mumol/100 g (1.1 mg/100 g). It is concluded that the proposed method is well suited for the investigation of bilirubin skin metabolism. PMID- 7126716 TI - Zinc balances in preterm infants. AB - Zinc balances were studied in three groups of preterm babies. The first group received bank human milk of 25% concentration, the second group bank human milk enriched with 1 g/100 ml of lactalbumin hydrolysate, and the third group an industrial formula in which 40% of the fats were replaced with medium chain triglycerides (MCT). Zn intakes (microgram/kg/day) were, respectively, 796 +/- 136 (group 1), 689 +/- 231 (group 2), and 252 +/- 67 (group 3). In all 3 groups, fecal Zn excretion was very high: range; 6,862-635 micrograms/kg/day (group 1), 3,022-194 micrograms/kg/day (group 2), and 304-27 micrograms/kg/day (group 3), respectively. Zn retentions were mostly negative for groups 1 and 2 (7/8 and 18/23, respectively), and mostly positive (12/14), for group 3. Zn absorption was found to be related to fecal fat (p less than 0.001) in all groups, and in group 1 and 2 to fecal N (p less than 0.001) and Zn intake (p less than 0.02). Positive zinc balances were obtained when fat and nitrogen absorption exceeded 90%. This was achieved at 280 days of postmenstrual age in preterm babies fed bank human milk, but much sooner in preterm babies fed with MCT. PMID- 7126717 TI - Changes in metabolic rate and brown adipose tissue composition during nutritional rehabilitation of postnatally undernourished rats. AB - Rats previously undernourished (PU) during the first 3 postnatal weeks gained less weight than controls during the subsequent rehabilitation period, in spite of similar levels of food intake per body weight 0.75. Resting oxygen consumption (ml/min/kg0.75) was significantly elevated (15-22%) in the PU group after 36 days of age but this difference was almost completely abolished by beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol. PU rats also showed a greater thermogenic activity after noradrenaline (25 micrograms/100 g b.wt.) than controls. The mass of brown adipose tissue (BAT, mg/100 g b.wt.) was reduced by undernutrition but during rehabilitation BAT increased in PU rats to a value greater than that of controls. These results indicate that the low weight gain of PU rats may result partly from a high metabolic rate due to sympathetic activation of BAT. PMID- 7126719 TI - Reliability of electrodermal measures: a compilation. AB - Establishment of satisfactory reliability of the various parameters of EDA is a prerequisite for certain applications of this psychophysiological index. A great deal of research has been devoted to the study of the reliability of EDA. The present paper, beginning with some methodological considerations, has compiled and summarized the work published on this subject, classifying it according to the following variables: number of subjects examined, number of sessions per subject, interval between sessions, statistical method used for obtaining the reliability coefficient and the EDA parameter chosen as the dependent variable. PMID- 7126718 TI - Electrodermal responsivity to interrogation questions and its relation to self reported emotional disturbance. AB - The relationship between skin resistance responses (SRRs) and self-reported emotional disturbance was studied in 24 males and 24 females. SRRs to seven interrogation questions were recorded and subjects were requested to rate on visual analogue scales how disturbing they had found each question. The mean within subject correlations were significant for both groups, suggesting that electrodermal responses to interrogation questions are significantly related to the extent to which the subjects find such questions disturbing. A particular question may elicit disturbance for a number of reasons including embarrassment, conflict over how to answer the question, and fear of the consequences of possible detection. PMID- 7126720 TI - Concurrent assessment of heart rate discrimination and control. AB - A procedure was devised to investigate discrimination and control of heart rate (HR) concurrently. Eighteen volunteers were divided into two equal groups instructed either to increase or to decrease HR during four experimental sessions. In addition, subjects were required to indicate whenever they thought they were successful during the HR control task by pressing a switch. Activation of the switch automatically enabled the presentation of a feedback tone provided that the HR level at that moment, met a preset criterion of change. The feedback was not available during pre- and post-training testing periods. Responses to bidirectional HR control instructions alone were also investigated. Respiration volume and general movement were recorded throughout. While the group given HR increase instructions improved both their discrimination and control performances, the group instructed to decrease HR did not improve. It is suggested that the optimal procedures for training HR increases and decreases may differ, but that the relationship between discrimination and control posited by the calibration model can accommodate these differences. PMID- 7126721 TI - Heart rate decrease: a comparison of feedback modalities and biofeedback with other procedures. AB - Sixty subjects were divided into six groups in a comparison of heart rate (HR) decreases obtained with (1) visual feedback, (2) auditory biofeedback, (3) combined visual and auditory biofeedback, (4) instructions to decrease HR without biofeedback, (5) sitting quietly, (6) abbreviated relaxation training, and, as a comparison, a group of 10 experienced mediators were also studied. Biofeedback stimuli were pulsed signals generated by the R-wave of the heartbeat. The results indicated that (a) there was no differential advantage on a HR decrease task to subjects receiving visual, auditory or combined biofeedback; and (b) all groups showed evidence of some decline in HR over the testing session. The mediation group showed the greatest overall decline. PMID- 7126725 TI - Effects of irregular versus regular sleep schedules on performance, mood and body temperature. AB - Twelve male college students slept for 38 consecutive nights in the sleep laboratory under strict control of bedtime and wake-up time. Sleep logs, body temperature and performance on an experimenter-paced auditory vigilance and subject-paced addition test were assessed before sleeping in the laboratory, following 38 consecutive nights, and one month afterward to examine the effects of rigidly controlling retiring and awakening times. While large changes in the regularity of sleep occurred during sleep in the laboratory as compared to the normal irregular schedules, no significant changes in EEG sleep stage, performance, or mood were found. Body temperature was found to be higher and, perhaps, more flattened in the initial irregular condition as compared to the regular sleep schedule condition. It was concluded, however, that careful control of sleep and waking times in relatively irregular sleeping college students had little influence on sleep or performance. This finding implies that previous differences reported between groups of regular and irregular sleepers may have been based on personality differences rather than sleep scheduling factors. PMID- 7126726 TI - Anticipatory pleasure deficit in subjects reporting physical anhedonia: slow cortical evidence. AB - Slow cortical and heart rate responses were recorded from anhedonic and normal control subjects during a two-stimulus anticipation paradigm. Subjects were chosen for participation in the experiment based on their scores on the Physical Anhedonia Scale developed by Chapman, Chapman and Raulin (1976). During the procedure, auditory warning stimuli were delivered which informed subjects that a visual stimulus (color slide) would follow shortly and specified the category of the slide (neutral or high-interest) which was to be presented. Results of this investigation revealed that anhedonic subjects showed less differential physiological responsivity while anticipating high and low interest stimuli than did normal controls. This was most striking in the slow cortical response (CNV) which appears particularly sensitive to such motivational and/or attentional manipulations. The data are discussed with respect to emotion and psychopathology. PMID- 7126727 TI - Maintenance of pregnancy in ovariectomized rats with steroid analogs and the reproductive ability of the progeny. AB - The quantity of and the temporal requirements for natural steroids and steroid analogs were studied over the course of pregnancy after ovariectomy. A series of experiments determined that progesterone (3 mg/day) maintains the free blastocyst and when subsequently combined with estradiol supports implantation, and pregnancy through Day 20. The amount of estradiol (100 ng/day) that adequately induces blastocyst implantation and supports pregnancy through Day 13 had to be continued throughout pregnancy to prevent fetal resorption. Fetal survival was benefited if the estradiol dose was doubled from Day 13 to termination. During this study a within strain difference appeared which reduced the number of blastocysts that implanted. This problem was resolved by ovariectomizing the pregnant rats on Day 4 before 1000 h rather than on Day 3. Substitution of dydrogesterone (9 beta, 10 alpha-pregna-4, 6-diene-3, 20-dione) for progesterone on an equal weight basis and diethylstilbestrol (DES) for estradiol (2 for 1) proved adequate to maintain pregnancy to term. The pups were delivered by cesarean section and raised by surrogate mothers. As the females matured they experienced normal first estrus and subsequent estrous cycles. When bred they had litters of normal numbers. The males were fecund and sired litters of normal numbers. The cross-reactivity of dydrogesterone in estrogen, testosterone, corticosterone, progesterone and 20 alpha-hydroxy-pregn-4-one-3-one radioimmunoassays was nil. Thus, steroid analogs can adequately support the entire course of pregnancy after fertilization in ovariectomized rats. PMID- 7126724 TI - Blink reflexes and preparation. AB - Blink reflexes were evoked during a foreperiod of 3 sec between a warning signal (WS) and a reaction signal (RS). In a between group design, two possible reactions following RS were investigated: 20 subjects always reacted with both hands, another group of 20 subjects always reacted with a voluntary blink. A manual response was assumed not to involve the circuit of the blink reflex, whereas a blink as a response was thought to be (at least partly) realized via the same circuit as the blink reflex. Both groups showed a strong increase of the early component (R1) of the blink reflex during the first 300 msec after WS, while the late polysynaptic component (R2) showed a strong inhibition during the same period. R1 did not decrease as a function of presentation order when the demanded reaction was a voluntary blink. No other inhibition or excitation related to the type of reaction after RS was observed during the foreperiod before RS. PMID- 7126722 TI - Lateralization of visual cognitive potentials. AB - Pairs of stimuli containing either the same or different visual patterns were presented separately to the right and left brain hemispheres. Ten adult males were trained before the formal experiment to perform the task automatically and without verbal control. A verbal control task was arranged at the end of the experiment. Reaction times and P3P4, C3C4 brain evoked potentials were recorded. The N2 (180-290 msecs) and P3 (290-380 msecs) components were found to be lateralized over the right side of the scalp for nonverbal conditions. Slightly larger P3 was found over the left side for the verbal control test. The results are discussed in relation to the present evidence about the nature of N2 and P3 in the single act of perception and in the ontogenetic development. PMID- 7126723 TI - Slow potentials preceding vocalisation. AB - Twenty-four subjects equally represented by males and females, and left- and right-handers, had slow potentials recorded prior to vocalisation of the same word 25 times ('Yes'), or a different word every sweep, chosen by the subject 5. Negativity on the scalp preceding generated words came earlier than preceding repetitions. Asymmetry in EEG was dependent on handedness, and occurred frontally in females, centrally in males. It is suggested that task-related differences in slow potentials preceding speech, and asymmetries associated with handedness, provide evidence that these potentials are not irretrievably contaminated by movement and respiratory artefacts. PMID- 7126728 TI - Failure of the hypothalamic noradrenergic system to function in adult androgen sterilized rats. AB - We have examined norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) initial concentrations, rate constants and turnover rates in microdissected regions of the hypothalamus and gonadotropin release in ovariectomized (OVX)estrogen-treated adult control and androgen-sterilized rats (ASR) (50 micrograms testosterone propionate at 5 days of age). When Silastic capsules containing estradiol (E2) were implanted one week after ovariectomy (Day 0) in control rats, afternoon luteinizing hormone (LH) surges occurred on Days 3 and 4. When 2 progesterone (P) silastic capsules were placed s.c. on Day 3 at 0900 h into E2-primed ovariectomized controls, the afternoon LH plasma surge concentrations were markedly amplified. In contrast, identical E2 or E2P treatment of adult ovariectomized ASR had no effect on plasma LH on either Days 3 or 4 after E2 capsule placement. Serum concentration differences of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (Prl), E2 and P between control rats and ASR and the effects of E2 treatment on these hormone levels also were recorded. In E2-treated ASR, initial steady state concentrations of NE were significantly less than in controls in all brain regions examined. NE turnover rates increased significantly in E2-treated controls at 1500-1700 h compared to those at 1000-1200 h in median eminence (ME), medial preoptic nucleus (MPN), suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) but not in arcuate nucleus (AN). No increase in NE turnover rates occurred in MPN and ME and only slight increases in turnovers were observed in SCN and AN in E2-treated ASR during the afternoon. DA turnover rates declined between morning and afternoon in ME of control and ASR. In control rats, DA turnover rates increased during the afternoon in AN and MPN but remained unchanged in these same hypothalamic regions in ASR. A considerable amount of previous evidence suggests that NE may be the neural trigger which evokes the release of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) from ME axon terminals in normal proestrous or in E2-treated ovariectomized rats. The failure of NE to be released into the MPN and ME of ASR may account for the failure of estradiol to induce LH surges in these animals. PMID- 7126730 TI - Deciduoma formation in rats ovariectomized at different ages. AB - Adult female rats which had been ovariectomized on Day 1, 5, 10 or 20 of age invariably formed deciduomata in response to uterine trauma or an intraluminal oil-instillation given after injections of estradiol-17 beta for 3 days from Day 60 onward followed by daily injections of progesterone starting 2 days later. If the magnitude of the deciduomal response was estimated by the decidual cell reaction index, the responses were larger in these rats than in the animals ovariectomized as adults. Two groups of rats ovariectomized on Days 1 and 10 were transplanted subcutaneously with one ovary on Day 10. When subjected to deciduogenic stimuli, after removal of the grafts on the first day of estrus occurring after Day 60 followed by hormonal sensitization of the endometrium, the 2 groups of rats elicited deciduomal responses approximately the same in magnitude. These findings indicate that the neonatal ovary has little effect on the development and differentiation of the rat uterus. PMID- 7126729 TI - Alterations in follicular steroid hormones during the preovulatory period in the ewe. AB - Progesterone, testosterone and estradiol-17 beta were quantified within the thecal layer, granulosal layer and fluid of the preovulatory follicle and in ovarian and jugular venous sera of sheep. Prior to the preovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone (LH), the total content of estradiol-17 beta was elevated within each follicular constituent. These levels diminished rapidly to minimal values concurrent with the surge of LH. Follicular tissue and fluid contents of testosterone were low at all times, but were higher before the surge of LH and subsequently (like estradiol-17 beta) declined. The initial decrease in follicular estradiol-17 beta occurred before the first detected decline in testosterone. Changes in sera concentrations of estradiol-17 beta in the ovarian vein draining the ovary with the preovulatory follicle or in the jugular vein were similar to follicular variations in estradiol-17 beta. Likewise, changes in concentrations of testosterone in ovarian venous sera were indicative of follicular changes. Testosterone was undetectable in jugular venous sera. During the period leading up to the anticipated time of ovulation, and approximately 8 h after follicular testosterone and estradiol-17 beta had fallen, content of progesterone within thecal tissue, granulosal tissue and follicular fluid increased. Alterations in follicular progesterone were not reflected by hormone changes in either ovarian or peripheral sera. PMID- 7126732 TI - Characterization of specific steroid binding in human amnion at term. AB - In human fetal membranes (amnion and chorion) the appearance, during the last few weeks of pregnancy, of a protein which binds progesterone has been suggested as playing an important role in the inset of labor. The purpose of the present study was to quantitatively characterize specific binding in fetal membranes. Amnion, rather than chorion, was studied because it could be obtained free from contamination by other tissues. The cytosol (105,000 X g supernatant) was used after being extracted for 1 h with dextran-coated charcoal. The specific binding of cortisol in the cytosol, determined with a charcoal assay, was stable after storage at -20 degrees C or -60 degrees C and after heating for 1 h at 37 degrees C. It was reversible, and showed high-affinity, KD = 1 +/- 0.5 nM (mean +/- SEM, n = 6) and a large number of sites were found, 1497 +/- 666 fmoles/mg protein (mean +/- SEM, n = 6). In contrast, progesterone binding in the cytosol had a 10 fold lower affinity, KD = 12 +/- 5 nM (mean +/- SEM, n = 5) with 802 +/- 246 fmol bound/mg protein (mean +/- SEM, n = 5). A number of steroids were examined for their ability to compete with cortisol binding. The following were found to express affinities relative to cortisol which was considered to be 100: corticosterone (100), progesterone (10), cortisone (8), 5 alpha-pregnane-3, 20 dione (2), and 20 alpha-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (less than 1). No competition was found for dexamethasone, betamethasone, triamcinolone, triamcinolone acetonide, R5020, medroxyprogesterone acetate, estrone or estradiol. These studies indicate that the steroid binding protein associated with human amnion at term exhibits a higher affinity for a cortisol and corticosterone than progesterone. Thus it is perhaps involved in the metabolism of glucocorticoids by the membranes, rather than in the local withdrawal of progesterone, as proposed by previous investigators. PMID- 7126731 TI - Effect of essential fatty acid deficiency on lipids of rat Sertoli and germinal cells. AB - The effect of essential fatty acid deficiency on lipids of separated rat Sertoli and germinal cells was determined at various time intervals after the animals were placed on a fat-free diet. Alterations in the fatty acid composition typical of essential fatty acid deficiency were noted in the Sertoli cells as well as in germinal cells as early as Days 9-14 on the fat-free diet. These changes included increased concentrations of oleic acid (18:1W9)2 and the appearance of 20:3W9. In some of the rats there were also decreases in linoleic (18:2W6) and arachidonic acids ((20:4W6), but no significant differences were found between Sertoli and germinal cells. Feeding a corn oil diet to rats previously maintained on a fat free diet for 4 weeks reversed the changes in fatty acid composition of both Sertoli and germinal cells at the times studied. Lipid changes in phospholipids closely reflected those observed in the total lipids. These early changes in Sertoli cell lipids caused by an essential fatty acid deficiency may have important consequences since the Sertoli cell lipids caused by an essential fatty acid deficiency may have important consequences since the Sertoli cells play a significant role in the spermatogenic process. PMID- 7126734 TI - Differential rates of fetal growth in two successive pregnancies in the emballonurid bat, Taphozous longimanus Hardwicke. PMID- 7126733 TI - Patterns of periovulatory oviductal motility and progesterone in the unanesthetized rabbit. AB - Pairs of miniature extraluminal force transducers were chronically implanted on the isthmus of 26 rabbits without disturbing reproductive function. No alterations were noted in the transducer-bearing animals in the numbers of corpora lutea, uterine implants, or viable conceptuses, or in fertility, pregnancy rates, rates of ovum transport, or peripheral plasma levels of progesterone (P) or estradiol (E2). Using these devices, isthmic motility was recorded in 14 unanesthetized rabbits throughout the 72 h following human chorionic gonadotropin injection (hCG) (75 IU) and coitus. This activity was comprised of distinct bursts (B) of intense contractile activity, interspersed with periods (IB) of relative quiescence. Although the basic pattern of B and IB periods persisted throughout this interval, significant changes were noted in the duration of its components. During this period, B durations increased, with all values greater (P less than 0.01) than estrus from 24 h following the ovulatory stimuli. IB durations diminished somewhat at 24 h, but were markedly prolonged at 60 and 72 h. The proportion of time spent in bursting activity was maximal and significantly greater than estrus (P less than 0.01) at 24 h, a time at which ova were retained at the ampullary-isthmic junction. This proportion was minimal, on the other hand, at 60 and 72 h, when ova were moving rapidly through the isthmus and uterotubal junction. Plasma P surged from estrus to a peak at 6 h, fell until 24 h, and gradually increased through 72 h. All post-stimulus P values were greater (P less than 0.01) than at estrus. The B and IB durations at 72 h were both positively correlated with the P levels at 6 h. These findings suggest the importance of specific patterns of isthmic motility in ovum transport and of P in its regulation. PMID- 7126736 TI - Role of fetal oxytocin in parturition in the rat. AB - The oxytocin (OT) content of pituitary glands from neonatal rats was reduced by parturition, indicating possible release from fetal glands during labor. The content of fetal glands fell from 2.5 ng/gland in utero to 1 ng/gland immediately after birth. Rabbit serum antibodies against OT were administered to pregnant or fetal rats preceding parturition or to lactating rats on Day 10 of lactation. Antibody administration to lactating rats resulted in a decrease in weight gain of suckling pups, indicating that OT was bound by antibody. Administration of OT antibody to pregnant rats had no effect on the duration of gestation while injection into fetal pups resulted in an 18 h increase in the mean duration of gestation compared to sham-injected controls. These studies indicate that fetal OT might have a role in initiating parturition in the rat. PMID- 7126739 TI - Circannual rhythms of plasma testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels in golden-mantled ground squirrels (Spermophilus lateralis). AB - Male squirrels, born approximately June 1 and kept under constant conditions of photoperiod (14 h of light per day) and temperature (23 +/- 2 degrees C) from birth, manifested circannual rhythms in plasma testosterone (T) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels. Blood samples were collected once per month for 22 months and hormone levels determined by radioimmunoassay. Testosterone levels were low or undetectable ( less than or equal to 0.05 ng/ml) between October and January of the first year, and began increasing in February and peaked during April and May (approx. 4.5 ng/ml). By August of the second year T had declined to low levels which were maintained through January (0.05 ng/ml). The cycle then repeated, with T titers elevated during April and May of the second year. LH levels were undetectable (less than or equal to ng/ml) throughout most of the first 8 months of life; LH peaks were reached by individual animals between March and July. There was a close correspondence between seasonal peaks and troughs of testosterone and those in LH. The circannual pattern of plasma T and LH also was documented for a group of field-trapped males (less than or equal to 11 months old) maintained under similar conditions and bled at monthly intervals for 14 consecutive months. Rhythms of plasma T and LH persisted with a period of 11 to 12 months under constant conditions and thus qualify as circannual cycles. PMID- 7126738 TI - Temporal concentrations of rat placental lactogen in the peripheral circulation. AB - Placental lactogen (PL) is an abundant placental protein identified in several species, but to date little is known of mode or control of PL secretion. In the present study we sought to define the minute-to-minute variation in rat PL (rPL) secretion in late pregnancy by repeated blood sampling over a 3-h period. The results indicate that rPL may be secreted in an episodic pulsatile manner similar to the pulsatile secretion of pituitary prolactin (Prl) and growth hormone (GH). This evidence suggests a highly regulated dynamic control of secretion of a placental hormone. PMID- 7126737 TI - Geographic variation in Peromyscus leucopus: short-day induced reproductive regression and spontaneous recrudescence. AB - In order to determine if intraspecific differences exist in the photoperiodic control of the reproductive cycle of white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus), 34 male and 60 female mice from either Connecticut (CT), Virginia (VA), or Georgia (GA) laboratory stocks were exposed to either a long (16L:8D) or short (9L:15D) photoperiod for up to 27 weeks. Reproductive status (testis length or the presence of a perforate vagina) of these mice was assessed every 1 to 2 weeks. After this time, the males were killed and testis length, testes weight, and seminal vesicle weight determined. Testis length in mice from CT and VA began to decrease after Week 5 of short-day exposure and reached a minimum at Week 13; this effect was less pronounced in the VA mice. Little change occurred in the GA short-day mice and in the three groups exposed to long photoperiods. Spontaneous gonadal recrudescence began after Week 17 in CT males and Week 15 in VA males, but was not yet complete at the end of Week 27. Similar results were obtained with the females. These results show that genetic differences exist in both the degree and duration of reproductive quiescence in this species. PMID- 7126740 TI - Genes affect the timing of early mouse embryo development. AB - The rate of preimplantation mouse embryo development was found to be influenced by genes both within and outside the H-2 complex. An H-2 associated gene, called Ped, was shown to govern either fast or slow development. Analysis of congenic strains on a C57BL/10Sn background showed that fast development is associated with the b, d, q, s, and u haplotypes, whereas slow development is associated with the k and r haplotypes. Analysis of the recombinant haplotype, a suggested that the fast Ped gene maps to the D end of the H-2 complex. The study of congenic strains on a BALB/c background has shown that background genes, as well as the H-2 associated Ped gene, play a role in the control of the rate of early embryonic cleavage. PMID- 7126735 TI - The pubescent rhesus monkey: some characteristics of the menstrual cycle. AB - Forty-eight untreated rhesus females (Macaca mulatta) were studied from birth until menarche and for the 12 intermenstrual periods following menarche. The 48 animals were studied in two subsets: one in Oregon (N = 22) and the other in Wisconsin (N = 26). The Oregon animals menstruated 127.3 +/- 6.6 (SEM) weeks after birth, whereas the Wisconsin animals reached menarche 133.0 +/- 3.1 weeks postnatum. These ages did not differ significantly nor was there a significant difference in mean body weight at menarche between the two groups. A linear pattern of ponderal growth was observed from birth to menarche with an acceleration in ponderal growth closely following menarche. The first 12 cycles after menarche gradually decreased in length from 13.0 to 13.6 weeks (range between groups) for the first intermenstrual interval to 4.9 to 6.1 weeks (range between groups) for the 12th cycle. In these cycles the percentage of animals ovulating gradually increased with time (0% in cycle 1, 6.3% in cycle 2, 50% in cycle 8 and 90% in cycle 12). These data showed a significant linear correlation (r = 0.9328, P less than 0.01). Although cycle lengths in adults were significantly greater during June through August than during the rest of the year, no effect of season could be ascertained in the pubescent animals. Serum samples from two animals bled frequently from the onset of menarche through the first ovulatory cycle contained preovulatory amounts of estradiol-17 beta in anovulatory cycles. This suggests that follicle growth in occurring but ovulation does not occur during the early cycles of adolescence. These data support the concept that recovery from adolescent sterility in rhesus monkeys takes approximately 18 months and that recovery occurs in a nearly linear fashion within a given population. We hypothesize that the inability of a young female to ovulate reflects an inability to respond to ovarian estrogen by releasing ovulatory amounts of gonadotropin. PMID- 7126742 TI - Decreased amount of ovarian tissue and maternal age affect embryonic development in old rats. AB - The effects of addition and/or reduction of ovarian tissue and maternal age on ovulation rates (number of corpora lutea) and embryonic development were evaluated in old, regularly cycling rats on Days 4 and 11 of gestation. Young and old control rats and old rats which were either unilaterally ovariectomized (ULO), intact with 2 additional ovaries transplanted under the kidney capsule or ULO with 2 additional ovaries transplanted under the kidney capsule were mated on proestrus of a 4- or 5-day cycle between the 3rd and 9th postoperative cycle. The percentages of normal embryos on Days 4 and 11 of gestation were decreased (P less than 0.05) in the ULO rats, while on a per ovary basis the ovulation rate and ovarian weight were significantly increased in all the ULO rats compared to the old intact rats. An increase in abnormal and retarded embryos each contributed to this decreased percentage of normal Day 4 and Day 11 embryos in the ULO rats (P less than 0.05). Transplantation of ovarian tissue into old intact and ULO rats did not affect either the ovulation rate or the percentage of normal embryos and did not reverse the detrimental effects of unilateral ovariectomy. This could be due to inadequate stimulation or function of the ovarian tissue remaining in the transplants and may arise from a smaller vascular bed and limited blood flow to the transplants. Although regularly cycling young and old control rats had similar ovulation rates, the old control animals had a decreased percentage of normal embryos on Day 11 of gestation, but not on Day 4 of gestation, compared to the young control rats. This decrease in percentage of normal Day 11 embryos in the old intact rats was due mainly to an increase in retarded rather than abnormal embryos. From this study, it is concluded that unilateral ovariectomy of old cycling rats was detrimental to embryonic development. A similar, but more gradual decrease in functional ovarian tissue with aging, could cause the increased incidence of anomalies in embryos of older females. PMID- 7126741 TI - Testicular control of defeminization in male pigs. AB - Female mating behavior, defined as expression of the immobilization response ("mating stance") in the presence of an intact male, was monitored in gonadectomized, hormone-treated female and male pigs to evaluate sexual dimorphism for this trait. When treated postpubertally with estradiol benzoate (EB), the relationship between dosage of EB and proportion of pigs that showed an immobilization response, as well as duration of this response, was similar in ovariectomized females and males castrated at 2 weeks of age (neonatally). Males castrated at 8 months of age (post-pubertally) showed little response to EB treatment. In males castrated at different ages from birth to 8 months, the proportion showing an immobilization response was less for males castrated at 6 months than observed in males castrated at birth or 2 months of age, and the duration of response to EB was shorter for males castrated at 4 months of age or later. When androgens were evaluated for their effectiveness, testosterone propionate (TP), at the dosages used, induced the immobilization response in all females and neonatally castrated males. Females did not show a response to dihydrotestosterone propionate treatment. An immobilization response was observed in some, but no all, postpubertally castrated males with high dosages of EB or TP; but the frequency of response did not increase with increasing dosage of TP greater than 250 micrograms/kg body weight. These observations indicate that female mating behavior in pigs is a sexually dimorphic trait and suggest that the sensitive period sexual differentiation of this trait in males is associated with increased testosterone secretion during pubertal development. PMID- 7126743 TI - Effect of clomiphene citrate on preovulatory rat follicles in culture. AB - The effect of clomiphene citrate was tested on rat preovulatory follicles in culture. Clomiphene inhibited both basal and luteinizing hormone (LH)-stimulated steroid accumulation. The dose-dependent effect of clomiphene was much more pronounced on follicles cultured with LH; while 0.01 mM had no effect, 2 mM clomiphene decreased progesterone accumulation by 97%, estradiol-17 beta by 90% and testosterone by 65% (P less than 0.001). The inhibitory action of the drug was not prevented by addition of 8-Br-cAMP (1 mM) or pregnenolone (1 microgram/ml) to the culture medium. clomiphene (0.01 - 0.5 mM) induced the resumption of meiotic maturation even in LH-free medium in approximately 60% of follicle-enclosed oocytes. At the higher concentrations tested (0.1 - 0.5 mM) degenerative changes were noted in a high proportion of oocytes (30-40%). Follicles incubated for 24 h with clomiphene exhibited dose-dependent atretic like changes. These effects of clomiphene on preovulatory follicles may account for the discrepancy between ovulation and pregnancy rates observed in women treated with clomiphene. PMID- 7126749 TI - [Recording of auditory evoked cerebral magnetic fields in unshielded environments]. PMID- 7126747 TI - [Documentation of the useful life of medical technical equipment. Recommendations by the "Medical Technology in Hospitals" specialist group of the German Society for Biomedical Technology]. PMID- 7126745 TI - [A new procedure for the quantification of erythrocyte deformability]. PMID- 7126746 TI - [Determination of the hematocrit by impedence measurement]. PMID- 7126748 TI - [Experimental studies on the construction of ultrasonic broadband transducers]. PMID- 7126744 TI - Localization of tritiated 1-(2, 4-dichlorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid ([3H] AF 1890) in rat testis using freeze-drying autoradiography. AB - Tritiated 1-(2, 4-dichlorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid ([3H]AF 1890) was localized within rat testis using freeze-drying autoradiographic techniques. Ligated seminiferous tubule preparations were exposed in vitro to 80 microCi of [3H]AF 1890 in the absence or presence of excess unlabeled AF 1890 for 30 min at 31 degrees C. Autoradiographs showed a generalized distribution of silver grains over the seminiferous epithelium, in the tubular lumen, and in the interstitial spaces. In addition, clusters of grains were concentrated over the seminiferous epithelium in regions of spermatid heads and tails and in the basal portion of the Sertoli cell cytoplasm, and over Leydig cells in the interstitial space. The generalized distribution was reduced and the grain clusters eliminated by incubation in an excess of unlabeled AF 1890. [3H]inulin was used to assess the effectiveness of the tubular ligation because inulin does not normally penetrate the blood-testis barrier. This extracellular marker was not localized in the tubular lumen or in the seminiferous epithelium. Therefore, the labeling observed with [3H]AF 1890 indicates that this compound crosses the blood-testis barrier. PMID- 7126752 TI - [Design of digital filters]. PMID- 7126750 TI - [The development of insulin infusion profiles for therapy of insulin-dependent diabetics with portable insulin infusion systems]. PMID- 7126751 TI - [The mini-erythrocyte aggregometer: a new apparatus for the rapid quantification of the extent of erythrocyte aggregation]. PMID- 7126754 TI - Structure of methylene blue-DNA complexes studied by linear and circular dichroism spectroscopy. PMID- 7126753 TI - Dependence of thermal stability on the number of hydrogen bonds in water-bridged collagen structure. PMID- 7126755 TI - Polynucleotide conformation from flow dichroism studies. PMID- 7126758 TI - Studies of fibrin film. II. Small-angle x-ray scattering. PMID- 7126759 TI - Ligand-induced melting reaction of specific-sequence DNA molecules. PMID- 7126757 TI - Studies of fibrin film. I. Stress relaxation and birefringence. PMID- 7126760 TI - Study of agarose gels by electron microscopy of freeze-fractured surfaces. PMID- 7126762 TI - Analysis of molecular species of phospholipids by field desorption mass spectrometry. AB - Various glycerophospholipids including their trimethylsilyl and t butyldimethylsilyl derivatives and cerebroside were analysed by field desorption mass spectrometry with a silicon emitter. Choline glycerophospholipids with diacyl residues and also alk-1'-enyl and acyl residues gave the readily interpretable field desorption mass spectra in which a sodium cluster ion [M+NA]+ was a base peak. As to phosphatidylethanolamine and cerebroside, a protonated molecular ion [M+H+]+ was a base peak. The TMS and TBDMS derivatives gave a molecular ion [M]+. The field desorption analysis of natural phospholipids from myelin was carried out in comparison with the gas chromatographic mass spectrometric analysis. PMID- 7126761 TI - Effects of 20,25-diazacholesterol on cholesterol synthesis in cultured chick muscle cells: a radiogas chromatographic and mass spectrometric study of the post squalene sector. AB - Radiogas chromatography, used in conjunction with mass spectrometry, has been used to analyze the sterol content of cultured chick muscle cells. Seven sterols, plus lanosterol, were detected. These sterols conformed to a linear biosynthetic pathway linking lanosterol and cholesterol. The reaction sequence is: C-14 demethylation, C-4 demethylation, delta 8 leads to delta 5 double bond rearrangement, delta 24 double bond reduction. When chick cells were treated with increasing concentrations of 20,25-diazacholesterol, components of this pathway and aberrant products accumulated. These accumulations suggest that diazacholesterol affects reductases, double bond isomerases and the C-14 demethylation enzymes of sterol biosynthesis. PMID- 7126756 TI - Theoretical study of the fraction of a long-chain DNA that can be incorporated in a recombinant DNA partial-digest library. PMID- 7126763 TI - A selected ion monitoring assay for dopamine and its metabolites using negative chemical ionization. PMID- 7126764 TI - Metabolism of isosafrole and dihydrosafrole in the rat. AB - The urinary metabolites of isosafrole (1,2-methylenedioxy-4-propenylbenzene) and dihydrosafrole (1,2-methylenedioxy-4-propylbenzene) in the rat were identified using gas chromatographic mass spectrometric methods. Additionally, the amounts of the individual metabolites excreted were determined gas chromatographically. Metabolite excretion was 89% (isosafrole) and 97% (dihydrosafrole) of the dose in 72 h. Although isosafrole was metabolized by allylic hydroxylation and via the epoxide-diol pathway, demethylenation leading mainly to 1,2-dihydroxy-4 propenylbenzene was by far the most prominent reaction. This was similarly true with dihydrosafrole which was metabolized mainly to 1,2-dihydroxy-4-(1-propyl) benzene. The total amount of demethylenated metabolites formed were 92% (isosafrole) and 95% (dihydrosafrole) of the identified material. PMID- 7126767 TI - Which staging for malignant lymphomas? AB - The appropriate staging for malignant lymphomas continuous to be a matter of debate. In Hodgkin's disease the relative merits of different non-surgical procedures are becoming evident. Nevertheless some authors still advocate staging laparotomy with splenectomy in almost all patients up to stage III A disease. This procedure, however, seems already now questionable in many subsets of patients, which are in the process of being clearly defined. In spite of the complex nature of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, our current knowledge permits adapting the staging to the characteristics of the individual patients and to the therapeutic plan. PMID- 7126766 TI - Determination of formaldehyde in biological tissues by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. AB - A quantitative method is described for the determination of formaldehyde in biological tissues by stable isotope dilution using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. (13C2H2)Formaldehyde is used as the isotopic diluent. After tissue homogenization, derivatization is carried out in situ with pentafluorophenylhydrazine, followed by extraction and analysis using selected ion monitoring. The sensitivity of the technique is higher than that of conventional methods of formaldehyde analysis, enabling endogenous formaldehyde to be quantitatively analyzed in tissues, even in samples as small as 20 mg wet weight. The effects of exposure to airborne formaldehyde or to airborne methyl chloride on the formaldehyde concentrations of several tissues of Fischer-344 rats are reported. PMID- 7126765 TI - Stable isotope methodology in a pharmacokinetic study of the interaction of theophylline and cimetidine. AB - Theophylline administered orally and (1,3-15N,2-13C)theophylline administered intravenously in tracer quantities were used to investigate under steady-state conditions the interaction of theophylline with cimetidine in a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Both compounds were quantified simultaneously by mass spectral analysis after solvent extraction and high pressure liquid chromatographic purification of plasma samples. The assay is reliable and accurate to a plasma level of 50 ng ml-1 for the stable isotope tracer with a practical lower limit of detection of 10 ng ml-1. PMID- 7126769 TI - Chromosomal instability in NZB/BL mice. A dominant trait. AB - The descendance of 2 lines from NZB/bl mice which differ by the frequency of chromosome breaks has been studied. The analysis of reciprocal crosses and of "back cross" shows that the character of the chromosome breaks is perhaps dominant. This result is correlated with the observation that the autoimmunity (17) and viral expression (1, 13, 17) are also dominant. PMID- 7126768 TI - Inhibition of rat adenocarcinoma metastases by "Staphylococcus aureus" protein A. AB - Fischer F 344/CRBL female rats were injected intravenously with 10(6) syngeneic 13,762 adenocarcinoma cells, and daily doses of either 10 micrograms, 100 micrograms or 1 mg Staphylococcus aureus protein A were administered intraperitoneally on days 1 through 11. The animals were sacrificed on day 12, their lungs infused with Bouin's solution, and lung metastases counted. A significant reduction in the number of visible metastatic nodules was observed in the animals given 100 micrograms and 1 mg of Staphylococcus aureus protein A daily. PMID- 7126770 TI - Prognostic evaluation of human tumor cell in vitro cloning assay. AB - In vitro cloning of human tumor cells were carried out for 19 patients: 13 breast cancers (4 metastatic effusions and 9 primary tumors), 3 ovarian cancers, 2 glioblastomas and 1 meningioma. Cloning efficiency varied from 1 X 10(-5) to 2.8 X 10(-3). Tumor cells with the highest cloning rates were provided by patients with rapidly evolving tumors. 7 drug assays were performed: in vitro-in vivo correlation was observed in all cases (drug resistance in 5 cases: drug sensitivity in 2). PMID- 7126774 TI - Effect of RC-18, a new anticancer principle isolated from Rubia cordifolia, Linn. on cell cycle of P388 tumour system. PMID- 7126772 TI - Synovial fluid examination in hyperuricemic psoriatic patients. AB - Aspiration of the first metatarsophalangeal joint in asymptomatic hyperuticemic psoriasis was performed in order to see whether there are specific findings which could help to predict who is prone to develop gout and to find out whether a distinction can be established between psoriasis and gouty arthritis. Since crystals were not found, it seems that the aspiration of the first metatarsophalangeal joint is not likely to yield monosodium urate crystals and is not contribute to the differential diagnosis. PMID- 7126773 TI - [Systemic scleroderma : salivary immunoglobulins and the Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome]. AB - The concentrations of immunoglobulins (Ig) A, G and M were measured in saliva using an electro-immunodiffusion technique at pH 5 with carbamylation of the antisera. Thirty-one controls and 20 patients with generalised scleroderma (10 with and 10 without Sjogren's syndrome) were studied. The three classes of immunoglobulins were in normal saliva. A concentration of IgG greater than 55 mg/l in whole saliva was associated with Sjorgren's syndrome. This is the consequence of the reduction of the rate of saliva production, as well as an increased local synthesis of IgG. The measurement of IgG in unconcentrated saliva could be useful in the detection of Sjogren's syndrome. PMID- 7126771 TI - Interaction of heparin with low density lipoproteins. Formation of soluble high molecular weight complexes. AB - The electrophoretic pattern of low density protein (LDL) in heparinized human serum was analyzed by means of molecular-sieve electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gradient gels. While increasing the electrophoretic mobility of LDL in nonsieving gels (agarose), heparin markedly decreases the electrophoretic mobility of LDL in polyacrylamide gels. This slowing down reflects the formation of large polymers where individual lipoprotein molecules are linked by heparin bridges. PMID- 7126775 TI - VIP test in prolactinomas and in normal subjects. PMID- 7126776 TI - [Evaluation of 10 years of research on S. mansoni schistosomiasis A in the French West Indies]. AB - From 1971 until 1982, we studied the ecological factors which stead fast a perennial schistosomiasis in Guadeloupe on an exhaustive mode. More recently, we start a similar investigation in Martinique. In Guadeloupe the single vector of Schistosoma mansoni is the snail Biomphalaria glabrata which is an ubiquist species. But the transmission to man is restricted to the "canal-sewers" where faeces are dropped and not in the rivers of Basse-Terre or the ponds of Grande Terre. Moreover, the infection is possible only during the hottest hours of the day, when the cercariae get out of the snail. We built a "cercariometer" with which we are able to know the number of cercariae per litre in a given place at every hour of day and night. The black rat (and not the grey rat!) seems, alone, able to maintain the life-cycle of the parasite, at least in the mangrove forests. It is now possible to "clone" S. mansoni by sporocysts transplantation in non-infected snails. The biological control of B. glabrata populations is possible by sterilizating Trematodes such as Ribeiroia guadeloupensis. A new built irrigation reservoir in Grande-Terre give a chance of spread for the endemy in an area which was, till now, unharmed. PMID- 7126778 TI - [Are nurses working in radiotherapy and chemotherapy of cancer and viral diseases threatened genetically? Need for rigorous controls and methods]. PMID- 7126777 TI - [Treatment of leukemias and lymphomas by interferons: II. Phase II of the trial treatment of chronic lymphoid leukemia by human interferon alpha+]. AB - Nine patients with chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL) were treated with subcutaneous human (leukocyte) interferon alpha (IF alpha). In the first part of the study, 7 patients received intermittent 10 day courses, with free intervals of 10 to 15 days and with a rising dose in the same patient from cycle to cycle, if tolerance permits, from 1.5 to 6 X 10(6) units daily. As we observed a decrease of peripheral lymphocytosis with low doses, and as high doses gave more side-effect in the second part of the study, 4 patients (including two who had previously received intermittent courses) were treated for three months or more at a dose of 1.5 X 10(6) units daily. Tumor mass reduction was seen in only three patients, but significant decrease in peripheral lymphocytosis was seen in 7 patients sustained in the continuous treatment group with relapse at treatment discontinuation in one patient and despite continuation in another. Immune monitoring with currently available T, B, NK and macrophage tests, showed, in this population of patients, a very good correlation between NK cell activity and clinical response. Further studies are warranted to determine the best modalities of treatment as well as the population of patients likely to benefit from it, and the possible special respective indications of IF, and of the other treatments of CLL. One can already consider as a reasonable indication CLL presentations with myeloid insufficiency as IF is not myelotoxic, contrary to chemotherapy. PMID- 7126779 TI - [Acute curable preleukemic bone marrow aplasia in children]. AB - The occurrence of a transitory aplasia followed shortly thereafter by an acute leukemia in a known sequence in children is rare. We report 13 observations involving children between 6 months and 10 years of age. Splenomegaly was observed in 5 patients and hepatomegaly in two. There was a tricytopenia in 5 cases, bicytopenia in 4 and an isolated cytopenia in the remaining 4 cases. The phase of aplasia was short, lasting from 6 to 30 days. Complete bone marrow recovery occurred with integral restitution. Remission was spontaneous or followed transfusion or corticosteroid therapy and lasted for 2 to 6 months. The leukemia had no particular character when it appeared: there was one acute myeloblastic leukemia, 11 acute lymphoblastic cases and one sarcoma. Median survival time was 5 to 32 months and relapses were not aplasic. It is noteworthy that among these cases there are two long remissions lasting more than ten years. The interpretation of these observations is difficult because of the following choice: an initially non-leukemic aplasia or a leukemia present at the onset but undetected, camouflaged or confined to several infrequent blast cell islets. PMID- 7126780 TI - Variations in the relative proportions of microheterogeneous forms of plasma glycoproteins in pregnancy and disease. AB - Using lectin affinity crossed immunoelectrophoresis with concanavalin A in the first dimension and electroendosmotic elution with sugar in the second dimension, the microheterogeneity of a range of plasma proteins was examined. Of the five chosen proteins, alpha 1-protease inhibitor and caeruloplasmin displayed complex patterns, with more than four components. Alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin was composed of three or four components whilst alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and alpha 2-HS glycoprotein displayed two, three or four components. The number of components seen in these proteins depended on the serum sample origin. In pregnancy and in patients receiving exogenous aestrogen the relative proportions of the components of all five proteins were altered in the direction of less con A binding; however alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin showed the greater change. In acute disorders the proportions of protein components of alpha 1 antichymotrypsin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein were altered towards a higher level of con A binding components. There is no significant alteration in con A binding associated with the chronic inflammatory response to cancer and rheumatoid arthritis. There was a general reduction of con A binding in all five plasma proteins in conditions when there was a high blood aestrogen level. This decreased affinity for con A was independent of the overall effect of the aestrogen on the serum concentration of the plasma protein. These results suggest that the glycosylation of plasma proteins is probably under the same regulatory system. PMID- 7126781 TI - [Phagocytic activity of monocytes in human primary glomerulonephritis]. AB - Circulating immune complexes (CIC) account for a majority of GN. Their pathogenicity depends on size, molecular composition, glomerular hemodynamics and activity of phagocytes. The phagocytic function of peripheral monocytes was studied in 23 patients with nonsystemic GN. Phagocytic activity of peripheral blood monocytes was assessed in vitro, by calculating phagocytic index (IP: number of zymozan particles in each monocyte) and phagocytosis percentage (PP: number of phagocyting monocytes); the tests were carried out on autologous and heterologous serum samples. In 13 controls, PP was 79 +/- 5.8%. In 7 membranous GN, 6 membranoproliferative GN and 10 lipoid nephrosis, PP was severely decreased, 63.4 +/- 9.6%, 52.1 +/- 19% and 52.2 +/- 14%. In each group of GN, these results were significantly different from controls (p less than 0.01). In all groups these results were similar in autologous and heterologous serum samples (55 +/- 13% and 57.5 +/- 16%; NS). Therefore, this defect was not linked to the presence of serum inhibitors. In conclusion, alterations of phagocytic activity is present in some primary GN and may explain an insufficient rate of CIC removal. PMID- 7126783 TI - Prenatal diagnosis and mechanisms of teratogenesis. Part A of Annual review of birth defects, 1981. PMID- 7126782 TI - Purification of Toxoplasma gondii suspensions from mice peritoneal exudate. AB - Purification procedures of Toxoplasma gondii suspensions are described. These methods were designed for the elimination of leucocytes or TG 180 cells. We have been using either gradient centrifugation in Ficoll or gel filtration. In the first case, only leucocytes are eliminated (95% of the initial content). On the other hand, gel filtration allowed the elimination of TG 180 cells. The yield (67% to 98%) depends on the chosen gel (Ultrogel AcA 202 or Sephadex G25 fine), and on the amount of TG 180 cells present before filtration. PMID- 7126785 TI - Midtrimester diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta, type II. PMID- 7126784 TI - Prenatal diagnosis and multiple gestation. PMID- 7126786 TI - Midtrimester prenatal diagnosis of short-limb dwarfism (Saldino-Noonan syndrome). PMID- 7126787 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of a 5/15 translocation with 5p and proximal 5q trisomy. Cytogenetic and phenotypic findings. PMID- 7126788 TI - Prenatal detection of a balanced translocation: a counseling dilemma. PMID- 7126789 TI - A comprehensive prenatal screening program: a pilot study. PMID- 7126791 TI - Serial ultrasound of a pregnancy at risk for infantile polycystic kidney disease (IPKD). PMID- 7126790 TI - Ultrasonographic detection of fetal soft tissue swelling in the midtrimester: correlation with trisomy 18. PMID- 7126792 TI - Significant of meconium stained fluid in midtrimester amniocentesis. PMID- 7126793 TI - Outcome of 201 maternal transports compared with newborn transports and infants born in tertiary perinatal center. PMID- 7126794 TI - The effects of hyperthermia on brain development. PMID- 7126795 TI - Epidemiologic approaches to reproductive hazards of the workplace. PMID- 7126796 TI - Congenital tick-borne relapsing fever: report of a case with first documentation of transplacental transmission. PMID- 7126797 TI - Neonatal hemorrhage secondary to thrombocytopenia: an occasional effect of prenatal hydantoin exposure. PMID- 7126798 TI - Subcutaneous vascular abnormalities in fetal hydantoin syndrome. PMID- 7126799 TI - Patterns of multiple malformations in infants of diabetic mothers. PMID- 7126800 TI - Congenital hydrocephalus and Dandy-Walker malformation associated with warfarin use during pregnancy. PMID- 7126801 TI - Midline facial defect as a teratogenic effect of metronidazole. PMID- 7126802 TI - Placental findings in alcohol abuse in pregnancy. PMID- 7126804 TI - Equilibrium water partition in articular cartilage. AB - Water partition between the interstitial fluid in articular cartilage and an external bathing solution was found using a new in-situ method. This consisted of measuring the concentration of radioactive water allowed to diffuse through the articular surface of laterally constrained cartilage-subchondral bone plugs. Incubation times ranged from 15 minutes to 48 hours. Tracer solutions included: Hank's Balanced Salt Solution with and without antibiotics and enzyme inhibitors, and distilled water. Bulk partition coefficients ranged from 0.305 to 0.811. Both the hydration and partition coefficients varied spatially with depth, while no association was found between them. The macromolecular structure of the collagen and proteoglycan components are believed responsible for these findings. PMID- 7126805 TI - Sedimentation of erythrocytes under gravitational field as determined by He-Ne laser. I. Comparison with suspension of rigid spheres. PMID- 7126803 TI - Poiseuille flow of micropolar fluid with non-zero couple stress at boundary with applications to blood flow. AB - Poiseuille flow of a micropolar fluid has been reexamined from the point of view of its applications to blood flow. Couple stresses are assumed to be non-zero at the boundary, and a method has been proposed to determine such boundary conditions for a given suspension. Velocity profiles (both axial and rotational) as well as apparent viscosity have been computed for various values of s (a boundary condition and concentration parameter). The results obtained have been compared with experimental values (for blood flow). It is found that they are in a reasonably good agreement. Some of the earlier workers have used solvent viscosity for the classical shear viscosity of the suspension and obtained infinite relative viscosity for a suspension concentration of 40% which, according to experimental results, is not feasible. An appropriate expression for the classical shear viscosity has been used in the present analysis which removes the apparent viscosity anomaly, i.e., apparent viscosity tends to infinity as the concentration approaches 40%, from the micropolar fluid theory. Finally, some biological applications of this theory have been discussed. PMID- 7126807 TI - Reduced red cell filtrability due to red cell plasma protein interactions. AB - The adsorption of protein on red cell surface was studied by the measurement of protein in plasma and incubation of blood with 131I-albumin. The protein concentration of the moderately hypertonic plasma clearly decreased by the addition of red cells. The decay counts of 131I-albumin increased in the centrifuged red cell segment as the ionic strength in the plasma increased. For the interpretation of these results it was assumed that the human red cells suspended in plasma are covered with albumin under the normal ionic strength and adsorb more albumin molecules when the ionic strength in the plasma is elevated by the addition of NaCl. A multilayer adsorption of albumin is suggested at the ionic strength of 450 mOsmol. The excess adsorption of albumin on red cells reduces the filtrability of red cells through the nuclepore filter. PMID- 7126809 TI - [Adrenergic innervation of the precapillary sphincters of the mesenteric microcirculatory bed]. AB - Adrenergic (sympathetic) innervation of the precapillary sphincters in the microcirculatory bed of the rat mesentery was studied with Falck-Hillarp's method. It was shown that the precapillary sphincters are characterized by high density of the adrenergic innervation structures and specific architectonics. The results allow one to consider the adrenergic apparatus of the precapillary sphincters as a morphological substrate of their nervous regulation, thus indicating direct participation of sympathetic innervation in the sphincter function in the microcirculatory bed. PMID- 7126808 TI - [Retinal detachment in experimental hemophthalmia]. AB - Morphological analysis was used to demonstrate within 1 h to 3 1/5 years detachment of the retina in experimental simulation of hemophthalmia in rabbits induced by administering autoblood (0.1 to 1.2 ml) to the vitreous body. The results obtained might be related to the mechanical action of intravitreal hematoma on whose surface within the early period there take place release and thickening of vitreous body fibers leading to traction and displacement towards this zone of the vitreous body and retina. The process of organization occurring in the later phases stabilizes the initial mechanic shifts and makes them irreversible in large hematomas and small recurrent ones. PMID- 7126811 TI - [Morphological changes in the hematopoietic organs and the pancreas in experimental exposure to 5-fluorouracil]. AB - Experiments on 30 dogs were performed to study the effect of intraperitoneal irrigation with 5-fluorouracil on the morphology of the pancreas and on the hemopoietic organs. The drug was administered to the abdominal cavity via a catheter in a dose of 5 mg/kg bw for 2, 3 and 5 days. Morphological study revealed no dystrophic or necrobiotic processes in the pancreas, spleen and bone marrow of the animals. PMID- 7126810 TI - [Role of the substantia grisea centralis of the rat brain in regulating pain sensitivity during auricular electrostimulation]. AB - The effect of central gray (CG) on analgesia produced by auricular electrostimulation (AES) has been studied on rats. In the animals with removed CG, the latent periods (LP) of pain responses measured after AES by the hotplate and tail-flick tests were significantly shorter than those in the control group. In the animals with removed CG, the LP measured by the hot-plate test before stimulation was significantly longer as compared to the control. The initial magnitude of the LP measured by the tail-flick test did not differ from the same indicators in the control group rats. PMID- 7126806 TI - Decreased viscosity of human erythrocyte suspension due to drug-induced spherostomatocytosis. AB - The effect of two cationic drugs (chlorpromazine and isoxsuprine) on the suspension viscosity of human erythrocytes were examined, comparing with the effect of anionic drugs. (1) As increasing the drug concentrations, the cationic drugs transformed the erythrocytes to stomatocytes, then to spherostomatocytes, while trinitrobenzene sulfonate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and lysolecithin induced echinocytes, as well known. (2) The suspension viscosity decreased in parallel with the appearance of spherostomatocytes, but it increased in echinocytosis. (3) The membrane fluidity, measured by spin label method, was not a major determinant for the suspension viscosity in these cases, because of no systematic correlation. (4) The rheoscopic observation under shear force demonstrated that the spherostomatocytes deformed easily to ellipsoid with smooth cell surface, while the echinocytes less easily deformed to ellipsoid on which the small spikes persisted at higher shear. These distinct difference in deformed shape under high shear force could be related to the decreased suspension viscosity of spherostomatocytes. (5) In addition, the transformation to spherostomatocytes, thus the decreased viscosity, was primarily determined by the intramembraneous drug concentration. PMID- 7126812 TI - [Quantitative analysis of the mitochondrial ultrastructure of cardiomyocytes in rats adapting to altitude hypoxia]. AB - A study was made of the quantitative characteristics of mitochondria of the myofibrillar, perinuclear and subsarcolemmal zones of cardiomyocytes during long term adaptation of rats to an "altitude" of 9000 m in a pressure chamber. The data are presented on the role played by hypertrophic and hyperplastic processes occurring in the mitochondrial apparatus in supporting viability of cardiac cells at high altitude. PMID- 7126813 TI - [Hypothalamo-hypophyseal neurosecretory system in the early periods in the development of experimental myocardial infarct]. AB - Neurosecretory activity of two large nuclei (paraventricular and supraoptic) of the anterior hypothalamus and neurohypophysis function were examined in rats in the early periods of experimental myocardial infarction during autumn-winter. A distinct correlation was revealed between neurocrinia and the time course of changes in the pathological process induced in the heart. PMID- 7126814 TI - [Ischemic and postischemic disorders of pulmonary microcirculation]. AB - The time course of pulmonary microcirculatory disorders was studied in dogs with experimental pulmonary ischemia depending on its duration. With ischemia the lung manifested the growth of deaeration, intravascular aggregation of formed elements of the blood intensified, giving rise to the areas within distinct contours of the vascular pattern. After the recovery of circulation and ventilation in the ischemized lung, intravascular changes were manifested by the delayed corpuscular blood flow, aggregation of formed elements and blood stasis in the microvessels. Meanwhile vascular changes were manifested by variation of the shape and capacity of the microcirculatory bed, as well as by pathologically high microvascular permeability. The intensity of post-ischemic disorders was determined by ischemia duration. PMID- 7126815 TI - [Effect of an antioxidant on the resistance of the untrained body to maximal physical loading]. AB - Administration of the synthetic antioxidant M-1 significantly increased the animals' resistance to exercise. The maximal duration of running was increased in the animals given the antioxidant. Meanwhile fermentemia that occurred after such an exercise was almost absent and the blood lactate concentration was 2 times less than in the control, the running durations being equal. The possibility of applying antioxidants for increasing the body resistance to exercise is discussed. PMID- 7126816 TI - [Oxygen tension in different organs and tissues and hemodynamic indices during tourniquet shock]. AB - Experiments were made on 160 rats to examine the time course of changes in oxygen tension (pO2) in different organs and tissues during tourniquet shock. It was ascertained that pO2 in the liver was reduced before the tourniquets were removed from the limbs, in the presence of normal characteristics of the central and systemic hemodynamics. After circulation in the limbs was resumed following 6 hours of ischemia, pO2 in the liver and kidneys was reduced, respectively, to 26.8 and 48.6% of normal for 4 hours. It was disclosed that these changes preceded the shifts in circulation. pO2 in the small intestine, skin and muscles also fell to 97, 80.8 and 79.4%, respectively, within the same period of time. Oxygen tension in the cerebral cortex remained high within all the periods of tourniquet shock. pO2 fall in the cerebral cortex was seen only in the agonal period in the presence of deep disorders in circulation and respiration. PMID- 7126817 TI - [Effect of lipid peroxidation products on vascular tonus]. AB - A total of 126 experiments on the model of perfusion of isolated rabbit ear vessels were made to study the effect of primary (hydroperoxides - HP) and secondary products (SP) of phospholipid peroxidation (phosphatidyl ethanolamine - PEA), hydroperoxides of fatty acids (arachidonic acid - AA), as well as that of non-modified PEA and AA on the vascular tone. PEA in doses of 0.1 and 10 mumole produced a distinct vasodilator effect in 63 and 70% of cases, respectively. Unlike PEA, HP of PEA in doses of 0.01 and 0.1 mumole had a vasoconstrictive effect, which was manifested by a fall of the volumetric perfusion rate in 71 and 53% of cases, respectively. The SP of PEA also produced a vasoconstrictive action, but the effect was not dose-dependent. Study into the effects of AA and HP of AA revealed no distinct unidirectional action on the vascular tone. On the basis of the preliminary data the authors suggest that the effect of lipid peroxidation products on barrier properties of the sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes lies at the basis of their action on the vascular tone. PMID- 7126818 TI - [Effect of verapamil and manganese ions on the acetylcholine sensitivity of the membrane of innervated and denervated frog muscle fibers]. AB - Experiments on frogs were made to examine the effect of verapamil and Mn2+ on acetylcholine sensitivity of the postsynaptic membrane of intact and denervated muscle fibers. The inhibitory action of verapamil on acetylcholine sensitivity of denervated muscle fibers was found to be more pronounced than that on intact ones. Ca2+ replacement by Mn2+ in a solution slightly lowered acetylcholine sensitivity of the membrane of denervated and intact muscle fibers. It is concluded that the synaptic and extrasynaptic cholinoreceptors of the frog muscle membrane differ as regards the effect produced on them by verapamil. At the same time the effect of verapamil on the cholinoreceptors is not reduced to the drug property to restrict the ingress of Ca2+ to muscle fibers. PMID- 7126819 TI - [Effect of the water-soluble antioxidant hydroxypyridine-6 on the intensity of lipid peroxidation in eye tissues in experimental ophthalmic herpes]. AB - Lipid peroxidation (LPO) in eye tissues of rabbits with experimental herpetic keratitis was evaluated from the malonic dialdehyde content and chemiluminescence intensity. It appeared that during the critical phase LPO sharply increased in all the tissues under study and in anterior chamber humor. After administration of the synthetic water-soluble antioxidant, hydroxypyridine-6 the subconjunctival content of malonic dialdehyde and chemiluminescence intensity approached normal values accompanied by positive therapeutic effect. PMID- 7126820 TI - [Action of morphine on periodic gastric motor activity in dogs after selective distal vagotomy]. AB - Chronic experiments on 9 dogs with gastric fistulas (with preliminary selective vagotomy in 5) were made to examine the action of morphine on periodic gastric motility (PGM). Morphine was injected subcutaneously at rest, selecting the minimal threshold vomitive dose (TVD) that provoked a series of contractions with a single vomiting attack, and the maximal dose that produced only an extra period of contractions. Clear-cut differences were discovered in the dogs' sensitivity to morphine (the groups with high and low sensitivity, the TVD 35 and 110 micrograms/kg on the average, respectively). Three consecutive stages were defined on the part of PGM in the response to morphine injection. After vagal denervation the sensitivity to morphine (as evaluated from the TVD magnitude) remained unchanged, the second stage (the alternating accelerated cycles) was lost, while the third stage involved continuous contractions. It is inferred that the primary reaction to morphine occurs as a result of eliminating the central inhibitory effects on PGM, the second stage is effected according to the mechanism of the enterogastric reflex, whereas the third stage reflects complete loss of the central and peripheral inhibitory mechanisms that regulate PGM. PMID- 7126821 TI - [Dynamics of sodium and hydrogen ionic activity as a criterion for determining time of death]. AB - The paper is concerned with a procedure for determination of the death onset. The time course of changes in the activity of sodium and hydrogen ions in the blood, CSF and vitreous body was examined in 42 rabbit cadavers. The animals were killed by air embolism. Before material collection the rabbit cadavers were stored at a temperature of 17-20 degrees C and a relative humidity of 40-60%. The material was collected promptly after the killing (0 h--control) and then 2, 4, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36 and 48 hours after the death onset. The activity of sodium ions was determined potentiometrically with the use of an ion-selective sodium glass electrode, whereas that of hydrogen ions with the aid of a set up manufactured by the Radiometer Company. The results indicate the advisability of using the procedure described for studies on section material to devise criteria of expert evaluation of the time of the death onset. PMID- 7126822 TI - [Role of the lysosomes in altering glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in the rat liver during intensive physical loading]. AB - Experiments on rats have shown that heavy exercise induces the synthesis in the liver of the key enzyme of the pentosophosphate pathway, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The maximum activity is reached 6 and 16 hours after the exercise. Initiation of the protein synthesis is related to activation of hepatocyte lysosomes and their translocation to the nucleus. Administration to the rats of the blockers of lysosomal translocation or an inhibitor of proteolytic activity one hour before swimming completely removes the inducing effect of lysosomes. PMID- 7126823 TI - [Insulin-dependent cytoplasmic regulator activity in the rat liver and heart in fasting and muscle work]. AB - Upon starving and muscle work the activity of an insulin-dependent cytoplasmic regulator (IDR) in the rat liver has been demonstrated to be lowered. This is one of the mechanisms of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis stimulation. Rapid increase in IDR activity in the heart and liver has been recorded in the period of recovery after swimming, with the increase being more intense in the heart. It has been shown that in the heart the resynthesis of glycogen proceeds more rapidly than in the liver. Therefore, the rate of glycogen resynthesis by the liver and heart correlates with IDR activity. PMID- 7126824 TI - [GABA-ergic system components and lipid peroxidation in acute exogenous acrylonitrile poisoning]. AB - A study was made of the content of biogenic amines as of a number of functions of the plasma membrane of hepatocytes and activity of lipid peroxidation during acute acrylonitrile poisoning. This industrial monomer stimulated all the parts of the sympatho-adrenal system and caused a reduction of the GABA level that is likely to be a consequence of inhibition of glutamate decarboxylase biosynthesis. Moreover, it was found that barrier and regulatory functions of the hepatocyte membrane were impaired. Accumulation of diene conjugates and protective action of alpha-tocopherol that prevented the development of the discovered stressor alterations point to a possible pathogenetic relationship between the disorders seen and poison-induced lipid peroxidation. PMID- 7126825 TI - [Tetanus toxin disturbance of 3H-GABA transport in the synaptosomes]. AB - Synaptosomes isolated from the rat brain cortex were made use of to study the effect of tetanus toxin (TT) in doses of 1000-1200 MTD/ml (for rats) on 3H-GABA uptake and GABA and 3H-GABA release. After 15 minutes of incubating synaptosomes with TT, partial suppression of 3H-GABA release induced by K+-depolarization (30 and 40 mMK+) was discovered. TT did not suppress GABA release from synaptosomes (35-minute incubation), induced by ouabain (0.5 mM). Incubation of synaptosomes with TT in a Ca2+-containing medium for 2.5 h led to a noticeable (40%) suppression of their ability to accumulate 3H-GABA. Tetrodotoxin (10(-6)-10( 7)lg/1) increased 3H-GABA uptake but did not eliminate differences in the mediator uptake by poisoned and control synaptosomes. Incubation of synaptosomes with TT in media containing no Ca2+ was not followed by suppression of 3H-GABA uptake. The amount of 3H-GABA released during K+-depolarization by synaptosomes incubated with TT for 2.5 h was found to be less (with regard to the absolute magnitudes and proportion of 3H-GABA taken up) than in control. PMID- 7126826 TI - [Lymphocyte serotonin receptors: a radioreceptor study]. AB - The radioreceptor method was used to find high affinity, saturable and partially reversible specific binding of 3H-5HT with a gross membrane fraction of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The Sketchard analysis demonstrated the presence of two types of the binding sites with equilibrium dissociation constants 2 nM and 66 nM. These characteristics are similar to those of 3H-5HT binding with the brain receptors. The results obtained suggest the existence on human lymphocytes of two types of serotonin receptors. PMID- 7126828 TI - [Major histocompatibility system of the mouse (H-2) and body reaction to ethanol]. AB - A study was made of the response to ethanol of 2 pairs of the congenic resistant (CR) mouse strains, B10.R107, B10.RIII and A/Sn, A.SW. Upon a single intraperitoneal injection of ethanol in a dose of 4 g/kg bw CR strains manifested pronounced ethanol narcosis, while doses of 1 and 2.5 g/kg produced marked locomotor reaction. As regards these tests B10.RIII and A.SW mice were more susceptible to alcohol while B10.R107 mice were more resistant. The changes in locomotor activity induced by ethanol were dose-dependent in all the strains under study. It was disclosed in the course of chronic alcoholization that B10.RIII and A.SW mice consume less amounts of 10% ethanol. Mouse susceptibility to a single ethanol injection recorded from the duration of alcoholic narcosis and locomotion was found to correlate negatively with the ethanol consumption rate. The participation of the H-2 system in the response to ethanol is discussed. PMID- 7126827 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the biological activity of the lipid fractions of silt mud]. AB - The biological activity of polar and non-polar lipid fractions obtained from silt mud has been studied. It has been shown in rats with experimental exudative peritonitis that phonophoresis of the polar fraction has pronounced anti inflammatory, stimulant and resolving effects. The non-polar hexane-soluble fraction has been found to be biologically inactive despite the presence of carotene. PMID- 7126829 TI - [Lysosomotropic properties of polyvinylpyrrolidone (an experimental study]. AB - Three-fold administration of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), molecular weight 24 000, in a dose of 3.3 ml of 0.6% solution per 100 g/bw to rats was accompanied by disorders of lysosomal integrity and increased vulnerability to damage of the particles in the hypotonic medium (as judged from acid ribonuclease and cathepside D release). Five days after a single administration 125I-PVP was retained primarily by liver cells (7.3% of the dose administered) and to a lesser degree by renal cells (0.43%) and spleen cells (0.93%). Ninety per cent of the labeled PVP was bound to granular fractions of the rat liver (pinosomes, heterolysosomes). In the course of particles destruction by 0.1% Triton X-100 90% of 125I-PVP was released into the supernatant, which confirms the lysosomal localization of the compound. PMID- 7126831 TI - [Anti-arrhythmic action of a carbon tetrafluoride emulsion]. PMID- 7126830 TI - [Comparative characteristics of the force and rate of myocardial contraction as indices of its contractility]. AB - Experiments on papillary muscles of the cat heart have shown that the strength of contraction is a more adequate and sensitive criterion for evaluation of the effects of temperature, distension and contraction rate on myocardial contractility as compared to the strength of contraction. It is concluded that at the basis of the Starling law and chronoinotropic mechanisms there lies the contractility control exercised through changes in the contraction rate. PMID- 7126832 TI - [Endogenous catecholamines and heart function in stimulation of the accelerator nerve]. AB - The role of catecholamines in realization of the effects of the augmenting cardiac nerve has been studied during acute experiments on dogs anesthesized with hexenal. Activation of pump function and myocardial contractility during nerve stimulation has been shown to be in good agreement with the increased noradrenaline concentration in the coronary sinus blood. The synthesis of adrenaline has not been found to lag behind its consumption upon the exposure described. Nerve stimulation has led to accumulation of myocardial adrenaline which takes part in realization of a positive inotropic effect to a far less extent than noradrenaline, and exerts no adverse action on cardiac function. PMID- 7126833 TI - [Effect of polypeptide factors of the thymus and epiphysis on radiation carcinogenesis]. AB - Three-month-old female rats were exposed to a single x-ray irradiation (400 rad). Beginning from week 3 after irradiation the animals were treated with 0.2 mg of thymic factor (thymarin) or pineal factor (epithalamine) dissolved in 0.2 ml of normal saline. Meanwhile the control rats were given the same amount of the solvent. The treatment was carried out for 10 days monthly during the lifespan. Application of epithalamine reduced the incidence of all the tumors and that of malignant tumors 1.3- and 2.7-fold, respectively. The preparation suppressed the development of mammary adenocarcinomas, tumors of the thyroid gland, leukemias, and malignant tumors of the uterus. Administration of thymarine decreased the incidence of malignant tumors (1.9-fold) mainly that of mammary adenocarcinomas. It is suggested that normalization of hormonal and metabolic shifts and related immunity disorders that develop as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation prevents the development of tumorous process more effectively than application of specific immunity stimulants. PMID- 7126834 TI - [Effect of testosterone and its 5-alpha-reduced metabolites on thyroid function and protein synthesis]. AB - Experiments on male rats were made to study and compare the effect of testosterone, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta diol on thyroid function and proliferation of thyroid parenchyma, as well as on protein synthesis by it. Administration of testosterone and androstanediol slightly increased intrathyroid hormonogenesis, while dihydrotestosterone reduced it. At the same time testosterone and, to a greater extent, its 5 alpha-reduced metabolites decreased the weight of the thyroid gland. This decrease and suppression of thyroid parenchyma proliferation under the effect of the compounds in question is accounted for by the inhibitory effect produced by all the test androgens on protein synthesis by thyrocytes. PMID- 7126835 TI - [Proliferative activity of hematopoietic stem cells in long-term organotypic cultures of embryonic mouse liver]. AB - The proliferation of CFUs as measured by the 3H-thymidine inactivation test in organ cultures of mouse embryonic liver is maintained for 3-4 weeks. As regards the proliferation rate, CFUs located in the upper washed layers differ from those located in the deep culture layers. CFUs from washings manifested significant proliferation only in individual experiments and in the early times (3-9 days), while in the rest cases it remained at the zero level or was insignificant. CFUs from the deep layers rapidly proliferated for 3-4 weeks. Thus, the recovery of the content of CFUs and other hemopoietic cells in the washed layers is effected at the expense of proliferation of hemopoietic stem cells in the deep culture layers. After proliferation of CFUs ceases, their number in the cultures diminishes. PMID- 7126837 TI - [Mechanism of androgenopoiesis disorder in stress]. AB - Experiments on pubertal male rabbits were made to study the effect of prolonged stress (daily one-hour immobilization and electrocutaneous stimulation for a fortnight) on hormonal and structural gonadal function. The prolonged action of stress was shown to result in the drastically lowered testicular androgenopoiesis. Inhibition of testosterone secretion by the tests was not determined by structural disorders of the hormone-producing Leydig cells which were functionally activated under the conditions described. This activation appears to be related to the production of steroids that are not characteristic for the activity of the intact gonads. PMID- 7126836 TI - [Changes in hemostatic system indices during hemosorption in healthy dogs]. AB - Experiments on normal dogs were made to study the effect of hemosorption on some of the characteristics marking down the hemostatic system: the content of platelets and fibrinogen, the times of plasma recalcification and euglobulin lysis, the prothrombin time, the ethanol and protamine sulfate tests, and fibrinase activity. Hemosorption produces no abrupt shifts on the part of the blood coagulation system. Additional administration of heparin does not prevent "caking" of the sorbent. The reduction in the number of circulating platelets induced by hemosorption is then replaced by pronounced thrombocytosis. PMID- 7126838 TI - [Inducing action of hydrocortisone on mitotic rhythm in the epithelium of rat cornea and esophagus]. AB - Circadian rhythms of mitoses were studied in the epithelium of the cornea and esophagus of rats given hydrocortisone. The hormone was injected daily during 7 days at 4-5 p.m., i.e. at the height of the blood glucocorticoid content within the circadian rhythm. The tissues of experimental rats, manifested biphasic rhythms of mitoses as compared with monophasic rhythms seen in intact animals. The amplitude and daily average magnitudes of the mitotic index were unchanged. PMID- 7126840 TI - [Effect of a glycolysis block in the vascular wall on the phasic activity of smooth muscles]. AB - A study was made of contractile reactions of spontaneously active smooth muscles of the portal vein during selective inhibition of glycolysis. Use was made of monoiodoacetate to inhibit first phasic and then tonic contractions of the vascular smooth muscles (VSM). Combined use of monoiodoacetate and pyruvate selectively inhibited phasic activity alone. A hypothesis is advanced as to the role played by the glycolytic oscillator as the triggering mechanism by which rhythmic phasic contractile activity is formed. PMID- 7126839 TI - [Analysis of the blood serum after an injury to the rat submandibular gland]. AB - Experiments on Wistar rats were carried out to examine the changes in protein, glycoprotein, enzymatic and antigenic blood content after sialotomy of the salivary gland with an object of detecting mitogens. It was demonstrated that injury is accompanied by a moderately pronounced dysproteinemia, an increase in the seromucoid fraction, 48 hours after injury, and by variation in the ratio of LDH isozyme fractions, characteristic of the anaerobic metabolic pattern. No antigens of the injured gland were seen in the blood. The evidence obtained does not confirm the participation of high-molecular proteins of the injured gland in the activation of distant proliferation in the corneal epithelium. PMID- 7126841 TI - [Changes in the cells of the anterior hypothalamus following dissection of the optic nerve]. AB - A study was made of changes in nuclear neurones of the anterior hypothalamus in 8 cats aged 3-4 weeks, which survived for varying times after unilateral cutting of the optical nerve. The presence of retrograde-degenerated neurones was revealed mainly in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the anterior hypothalamus, opposite to the cut optical nerve. Single destructive changer neurones were detected in the suprachiasmatic, medial and lateral nuclei in the preoptic area of the anterior hypothalamus. It is inferred that anterior hypothalamus neurones participate in the innervation of the cat eye balls. The initial points of centrifugal fibers of the anterior hypothalamus towards the eye are as follows (diminishing in terms of importance): supraoptic, paraventricular, suprachiasmatic, medial and lateral nuclei of the preoptic area. PMID- 7126842 TI - [Action of hypothyroidism on the metabolic maturation of the pyramidal neurons of the rat hippocampus]. AB - Interference microscopy was used to measure dry mass of pyramidal neurones of hippocampal CA1 and CA3 areas in control and hypothyroid rats aged 14 and 21 days and 2 months. Hypothyrosis was induced in the newborn by intraperitoneal injection of methylthiouracil to the lactating female during the lactation period (for 1 month). Hypothyrosis caused a considerable retardation of the animals' growth. A significant decrease in he concentration of dry substances was detected only in the cytoplasm of Ca1 area neurones in the group of 2-month-old hypothyroid animals. The measurements have demonstrated that hypothyrosis gives rise to pronounced retardation of the neuronal build-up and accumulation of protein products in the cytoplasma of hippocampal pyramidal cells in all the animal groups examined. The size and dry weight of neuronal nuclei of both the hyppocampal areas substantially diminish in the group of 2-month-old hypothyroid animals. PMID- 7126843 TI - [Systemic relationships of the kinetics of the blood leukocytes and the cells of the inflammatory infiltrate in the myocardial infarct zone in the rat]. AB - Relationships between the kinetics of blood leukocytes and the kinetics of inflammatory infiltrate cells of experimental myocardial infarction zone of 266 rats were established with the use of morphometric methods. A conclusion is made of the necessity of synchronizing these changes for adequate healing in the myocardial infarction zone. Alternative mechanisms for controlling the myocardial infarction zone healing are discussed. PMID- 7126844 TI - [Method of modelling acute transient coronary insufficiency in rats]. AB - A special plastic lamina placed on the myocardium is suggested to protect the coronary artery and heart from gross mechanical injuries during simulation of acute transitory coronary insufficiency. The author describes a procedure for lamina manufacture and application. Squashing of the artery is accomplished by its close pressing to the inferior surface of the lamina while tightening ligature knots. The myocardium and the artery are injured insignificantly which is accounted for by the fact that all the most traumatic manipulations, such as tightening and loosening of the thread knots and cutting of ligature are performed on the protective lamina rather than on the myocardium or artery wall. PMID- 7126846 TI - [Simultaneous recording of 4 thrombocyte functional parameters]. AB - A method is offered for simultaneous measurement of four functional parameters of platelets: aggregation, cell shaped, adenine nucleotide release and redistribution of intracellular Ca2+. Variation in intracellular Ca2+ distribution in the course of processes induced by thrombin in platelets is described. PMID- 7126845 TI - [Automatic stabilization of the pressure in the large arteries during blood flow changes]. AB - A method is proposed of automatic stabilization of per fusion pressure in the large arteries during changes in the flow velocity. The method is based on using in series with the artery a variable hydraulic resistance in value of which is changed in accordance with the blood flow rate in the artery. This provides pressure stabilization in the artery. PMID- 7126849 TI - [Pulmonary circulation and right ventricular function in an experimental model of acute altitude-induced pulmonary edema]. AB - The article deals with hemodynamic shifts that occur during the development of high-altitude pulmonary edema in rabbits. The principal hemodynamic disturbances occur in pulmonary circulation, while the main functional lead falls within the right heart. It was concluded that the increased pulmonary blood content and elevated pulmonary circulation pressure play a certain pathogenetic role in the origin of the syndrome under consideration. PMID- 7126847 TI - [Effect of destruction of the paraventricular and mediobasal sections of the hypothalamus on the course of pain shock in rabbits]. AB - Experiments were made on conscious rabbits with pain shock induced by electric stimulation of the sciatic nerve. Destruction of the paraventricular hypothalamus (primarily of the dorsomedial and paraventricular hypothalamus (primarily of the dorsomedial and paraventricular nuclei) was found to lead, in the presence of shock development, to AP rise, normalization of the heart and respiration rates within 5 to 10 minutes after the destruction. Three out of the 6 animals survived. At the same time destruction of the mediobasal hypothalamus (the arcuate and ventromedial nuclei) did not entail any marked changes in the cardiovascular system. Further progress of shock and the time of the death of all the animals of the latter group did not significantly differ from those seen in the sham-operated animals' group where all animals also died. PMID- 7126850 TI - [Inotropic effect of rhythm dispersion]. AB - The influence of rhythm dispersion on the mean amplitude of rat and rabbit papillary muscle contractions and isovolumic contractions of canine heart has been investigated. In rabbit ventricular myocardium which shows a steep force frequency relationship in the 0.3--1.0 s-1 range of frequencies, the increased rhythm dispersion of stimulation produces a rise in the mean amplitude of contractions. The inotropic effect of rhythm dispersion is more pronounced at higher frequencies of stimulation. The inotropic effect of activation may reach 30-40%. The increased rhythm dispersion reduces the mean value of systolic pressure in isovolumic canine heart. It is suggested that the inotropic effect of rhythm dispersion may be due to non-linearity of the force-frequency relationships. PMID- 7126848 TI - [Relationship between anaerobic energy formation and myocardial contractile function in disturbed cardiac blood supply]. AB - Graded 70 and 90% restrictions of the coronary blood flow were reproduced in dogs with closed chest upon catheterization and autoperfusion of the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery. Interrelations between shifts in anaerobic carbohydrate metabolism and the main parameters of myocardial contractility were explored. An increase in glycolytic and phosphorylase activities, lactic acid concentration and a drop in the glycogen level were disclosed. The alterations were most pronounced in the ischemic area upon 90% restriction of coronary perfusion, whereas in the left ventricular myocardium outside the ischemic area, they were less detectable. There was a significant negative correlation between the lactate level and glycolysis intensity in both the heart areas under study and the contractility rate parameters dp/dt max, Vpm. dp/dt/p, etc. Lactic acid accumulation in the ischemic myocardium is an important factor inhibiting contractility. This may be caused by acidosis as well as by the mechanisms which are independent of pH changes. PMID- 7126851 TI - [Effect of antenatal hypoxia on the nature of the cry of newborn rats]. AB - Spectrography was used to examine spontaneous and pain (induced by pricking the foot with a needle) cries of newborn Wistar rats of the first three days of life. Three groups of animals were employed: non-operated control rats, those which suffered hypoxia on days 17-21 of gestation (clamping of the umbilical cord), and control rats born to operated females. The cries were recorded on Kometa or Vesna tape recorders and analyzed with the use of a Sona Graph, type 7029A. Antenatal hypoxia was found to produce an increase in the minimum and maximum pitches of fundamental frequency and to a decrease in the duration of the cry. It is likely that the changes in the cry are related to the impairment of the thalamic and hypothalamic nuclei and external respiration distress because of hypoxia. PMID- 7126852 TI - [Effect of serotonin on the lysosomal apparatus of liver cells and on hydrolase activity in the blood in severe mechanical injury]. AB - A study was made of the pattern of changes in overall and non-sedimented activity of lysosomal hydrolases of the liver of rats injected with serotonin under grave mechanical trauma. Lability of the lysosomal membranes was found to be twice as increased, with remarkable hyperfermentemia being seen starting from the 3rd hour of compression in the presence of an appreciable rise of overall enzymatic activity. The role of serotonin in the mechanism of exocytosis of lysosomal enzymes is discussed. PMID- 7126853 TI - [Participation of the brain's dopaminergic system in realizing the generalization function]. AB - Experiments on 3 groups of cats (intact, caudate- and frontal-ablated) were made to study the effect of some dopaminergic and cholinergic substances on generalization processes. The dopaminergic neuromediator brain system was shown to be the leading one in realization of higher psychic functions of the animals. PMID- 7126854 TI - [Effect of cholecystokinin on dopamine metabolism in the rat brain]. AB - The effect of sulfated octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK) on dopamine turnover was examined in different parts of the rat brain. It was demonstrated that CCK administered intrapeutoneally in doses of 5, 15 and 30 micrograms/kg significantly increased dopamine turnover in the amygdala, and nucleus accumbeus, without changing dopamine turnover in the midbrain, hypothalamus and striatum. The data suggest that variation in the activity of the mesolimbic dopamine system might be one of the mechanisms by which CCK regulates the animals behavior. PMID- 7126856 TI - [Effect of testosterone on the background impulse activity of the arcuate nucleus neurons of the hypothalamus]. AB - Experiments on pubertal male rats have shown a decrease in the mean frequency of neuronal impulse activity of arcuate hypothalamic nuclei 1 hour after intramuscular injection of oily solution of testosterone propionate. This is one of the possible mechanisms of decreased liberin-producing function of arcuate nuclei, that underlies the negative feed-back control of male sex glands. PMID- 7126855 TI - [Effect of diazepam on the evoked response of the neurons in hippocampal slices]. AB - Influence of diazepam on the amplitude of the population spikes (PS) evoked in CA1 area by Schaffer collateral stimulation in hippocampal slices was analyzed. Diazepam was diluted in Hanks solution used for slice incubation. Introduction of diazepam (3.96 X 10-6 M) into the medium led to a significant decrease in the PS amplitude. higher concentrations (3.96 X 10-5 M) resulted in augmentation of the population EPSP and in disappearance of the PS. The effects were reversible. It is concluded that diazepam inhibits the discharges of the population of CAl neurones. PMID- 7126857 TI - [Relationship of the anesthetizing and antiarrhythmic activity of alpha azacycloalkane carboxylic acid derivatives to their effect on the permeability of a bilayer phospholipid membrane]. AB - The effect of aromatic amides of N-substituted alpha-azacycloalkanecarbonic acids on electric conductivity of the bilayer phospholipid membrane was studied. The relationship between anesthetic activity of the test compounds and changes in membrane permeability was found. The most membrano-tropic compounds in the series were shown to have pronounced antiarrhythmic activity. Antiarrhythmic action of the new compounds was found to correlate with their effect on electric resistance of the bilayer phosphatidylcholine membrane. It is suggested that the regularities discovered are of importance for understanding the mechanisms of action of the compounds and for search for new agents with anesthetic and antiarrhythmic activity in the series of aromatic amides of N-substituted alpha azacycloalkanecarbonic acids. PMID- 7126858 TI - [DNA metabolic characteristics of the rat brain in the process of developing a conditioned reflex]. AB - The time course of methylation and repair synthesis of DNA in the large hemispheres was examined in rats trained the conditioned reflex of active avoidance. The conclusion is made for the first time that excision demethylation of brain DNA play a role in the formation of the systemic structural track that forms the basis for temporary links. PMID- 7126859 TI - [In vivo formation from rat milk proteins of a peptide inhibitor of gastric secretion]. AB - A peptide fraction was isolated from the gastric content of 10-day-old suckling rats by Sephadex G-25 and G-10 chromatography. Intravenous injection of peptide (15 mg) had a powerful inhibitory action on gastric secretion of dogs with Pavlov pouches. It is assumed that this fraction is formed from rat casein and inhibits gastric secretion in the newborn, reducing rat milk proteolysis. PMID- 7126860 TI - [Protein turnover of subcellular rat liver fractions in a varying protein supply of the body]. AB - Experiments on rats were made to study turnover and the content of total proteins of rat liver subcellular fractions under isocaloric diets with different amounts of protein. As a result of receiving low-protein diets (9 and particularly 4.5% as regards protein), the half-life of 14 C-lysine decreases apart from a certain reduction in the protein content in all the fractions. Upon unchanged protein content in respect of the control (18% protein), high-protein diet also leads to the half-life diminution. An increase in protein turnover by 4.5% as regards protein in the diet correlates with overall and specific activities of cytochromooxidase in the inner membranes of mitochondria. PMID- 7126861 TI - [Neurospecific antigen D in the postnatal ontogeny of rat brain structures]. AB - The time course of antigen D similar to well-known neurospecific proteins 14-3-2 and antigen alpha was studied during postnatal ontogenesis of brain structures of Wistar rats: Cross immunoelectrophoresis was made use of to measure the content of antigen D in the visual cortex, hippocamp and nucleus caudatus of rats aged 7, 14, 21 and 30 days and 1 year. Changes in the levels of two antigen D components, slow- and fast-migrating (SMC and FMC) were recorded to show that their content in the test structures increased most intensely from the 14th to the 21st day of postnatal development. In all the brain structures of tendency was recorded towards the increased SMC/FMC ratio during postnatal ontogenesis, that may point to an important role of FMC for bain functions in maturing and adult animals. PMID- 7126863 TI - [Importance of cell contacts for the differentiation of the precursor cells of hematopoietic stroma in long-term bone marrow cultures]. AB - The composite adherent cell layer is produced in the culture of bone marrow fragments. On the contrary, in the culture of single cell suspension of bone marrow, only of monolayer of fibroblast-like cells and macrophages is created. After implantation of the adherent cell layer from the Dexter type culture but not from "fibroblast" culture beneath the renal capsule of syngeneic recipients the ectopic hemopoietic sites are formed. Regeneration of the adherent cell layer may occur only in the course of multilayer formation, i.e. one week after bone marrow transplantation but not three weeks after the formation of the adherent cell layer. PMID- 7126862 TI - [Characteristics of the antigenic composition of the cells of intra- and interspecific hybrids of murine hepatoma XXIIa]. AB - Hybrids of cultivated mouse hepatoma XXIIA cells were studied for the presence of species-specificity antigens. Forssman antigen, and antigen similar to human B isoantigen. The cells of MGXXIIA hepatoma, clone culture of L mouse fibroblasters and RJK hamster cells were used as parental cells. To obtain hybrids, use was made of whole hepatoma cells. Subject to study were 1 clone of microcellular intra-species, 2 whole cell clones and 2 clones of microcellular interspecies hepatoma hybrids. Antigens in hybrid cells were studied with the rapid cytotoxic test, cell agglutination and antibody absorption tests. Unlike cultivated mouse cells, only Forssman antigen was detected in cultivated hamster cells. Species specificity antigens, Forssman antigen and antigen similar to human B-isoantigen were revealed in the cells of both the intraspecies and all interspecies hepatoma hybrids. PMID- 7126864 TI - Anemia of spaceflight. AB - A consistent deficit in the red cell mass has been observed during both the American and Soviet orbital space flights and is sometimes referred to as "astronaut anemia." This may be associated with a reduction in plasma volume so that the hematocrit and the hemoglobin concentration remain unchanged. During the Gemini program, the hypobaric hyperoxic atmosphere of the spacecraft led to oxidative injury to the red cells, causing hemolysis. Thus, the atmosphere proved to be, in part, responsible for the deficit. However, a similar deficit of a lesser magnitude was again observed in subsequent flights with normal ambient PO2 as well as in the Soviet flights in which an atmosphere essentially of see level air is used. The cause of this deficit seems to be suppression of erythropoiesis, as indicated by reticulocytopenia and erythroid hypoplasia of the marrow. No suppression of erythropoiesis has been observed in ground-based experiments carried out under almost identical conditions. Thus, the suppression of erythropoiesis is thought to be related to weightlessness. The reason for the suppression is not known but may be related to total inhibition of bone formation. PMID- 7126866 TI - The significance of megakaryocyte size. AB - Normal guinea pig and human megakaryocytes in suspension were measured with an optical micrometer. The range of megakaryocyte diameters in both species was from 10 to about 65 micrometer. Approximately 20%-25% of megakaryocytes were smaLler than 20 micrometer in diameter and were mostly missed in past studies. However, virtually the entire population of megakaryocytes was larger than all but a very small percent of the other marrow cells. This size range and the existence of a visual threshold size between the megakaryocytes and nonmegakaryocytes were confirmed by flow cytometric analysis of fresh unfixed cells. On human bone marrow smears there was some flattening of all cell types, but the megakaryocytes were consistently at least minimally greater in size than almost all the nonmegakaryocytes. Normal marrow cells greater than 20 micrometer in diameter were always megakaryocytes. Cells 14-20 micrometer were still noticeably larger than the general marrow population; thus easily found, they could be examined for specific morphological criteria. Size, therefore, is a useful first criterion for the identification of megakaryocytes. The larger sizes of megakaryocytes were related to their greater DNA content per cell (polyploidy) compared to nonmegakaryocytes. The relationship between megakaryocyte size, ploidy, and maturation was examined by the simultaneous measurement for the first time of each of these parameters in the same cell. Maturation was quantitated by the new scheme based on the progressive changes in megakaryocytes nuclear configuration. Within each maturation stage the mean cell volume of guinea pig megakaryocytes doubled with each ploidy doubling. Within each ploidy group, the sizes of megakaryocytes increased with maturation stage. However, maturation and polyploidization appear to be linked; the data showed that 80% of the low ploidy (4N-8N) megakaryocytes were immature and that 95% of the platelet-shedding megakaryocytes were 16N-32N. PMID- 7126865 TI - Characterization of the catalytic subunit of factor XIII by radioimmunoassay. AB - Plasma factor XIII is composed of two subunits, a and b, whereas platelet and other intracellular zymogens have only a-subunits. The catalytic subunit, a, is the same in all forms. In order to characterize the interactions of 1- with b chains in the plasma zymogen and a-chains with other molecules and to correlate factor XIII activity with a-protein, a specific, sensitive radioimmunoassay was developed. With the polyclonal antisera used, the assay recognizes all molecular forms of a (zymogens, activation intermediates, enzyme) equally well. The assay can be used to determine a-chain concentration in plasma and serum and in purified test systems. Fibrinogen in high concentrations affects the assay, probably by interfering with the interactions of 125I-a with antibody. However, at the plasma dilutions used in the assay, there is no significant fibrinogen effect. With this assay, the a-chain concentration in normal plasma is approximately 15 micrograms/ml. This compares with 14 micrograms/ml b-chain in plasma and indicates that all of the a- and b-chains in plasma probably circulate in the form of an equimolar zymogen complex. The serum concentration of a-protein is about 6% of the plasma concentration. There is a high correlation between a protein and factor XIII activity. PMID- 7126867 TI - Aspirin prolongation of the template bleeding time: influence of venostasis and direction of incision. AB - The template bleeding time is a measure of platelet participation in primary hemostasis. Aspirin alters platelet function through interference with prostaglandin biosynthesis. In many individuals, aspirin will consistently prolong the bleeding time. Despite this observation, normal individuals rarely develop a bleeding disorder. This prompted us to investigate the influence of technical variables on the prolongation of the bleeding time by aspirin. Both direction of incision and venostasis influenced the prolongation of the bleeding time by aspirin. A horizontal incision with venostasis produced the most pronounced prolongation, while a vertical incision without venostasis didn't prolong the bleeding time despite the characteristic changes in platelet aggregation and release. These studies suggest that the influence of aspirin on the template bleeding time is dependent on technical variables and is minimal in the normal subject. PMID- 7126869 TI - Monocyte function in patients with chronic granulomatous disease of childhood. AB - Adults with chronic granulomatous disease of childhood (CGD) have been described who remain relatively free of infection despite markedly abnormal neutrophil function. Monocyte function in four adults with this mild or atypical CGD syndrome was examined and compared to that of normal controls and to that of two patients with the more severe or classic CGD syndrome. Monocytes from patients with atypical CGD killed 75.7% +/- 2.6% (mean +/- SEM) of ingested organisms at 30 min, while monocytes from the patients with classic CGD killed only 50.3% +/- 4.2% of bacteria (p less than 0.001). The difference in bactericidal activity between atypical CGD monocytes and normal monocytes was relatively small (75.7% +/- 2.6% versus 88.1% +/- 3.7%, respectively) but was statistically significant (p = 0.007). Monocytes from both atypical and classic CGD patients showed markedly impaired oxidative metabolism. Differences in monocyte bactericidal activity may explain why atypical CGD patients have fewer infections than classic CGD patients. The presence of nonoxidative bactericidal mechanisms in atypical CGD monocytes is suggested by the demonstration of bactericidal activity despite severe oxidative metabolic defects. PMID- 7126868 TI - Activation of human factor VII by activated factors IX and X. AB - Factor VII clotting activity increases about five-fold when blood is clotted in glass. Prior studies suggested that this results from activation induced by activated factor IX (IXa). However, in purified systems containing phospholipid and calcium, activated factor X (Xa) is known to activate factor VII rapidly. Therefore, we studied activation of factor VII by IXa and X, in systems using purified human factors. Concentrations of IXa and Xa were calculated from total activated protein concentrations rather than from active site concentrations. In the presence of phospolipid and calcium, both IXa and Xa activated factor VII 25 fold; however, Xa was roughly 800 times more efficient than IXa. Without added phospholipid, activation of factor VII by both Xa and IXa was markedly slowed, and Xa was roughly 20 times more efficient than IXa. When both phospholipid and calcium were omitted, activation of factor VII by either enzyme was negligible. Adding normal prothrombin, but not decarboxylated prothrombin, substantially slowed activation of factor VII by both Xa and IXa. Adding thrombin-activated factor VIII and antithrombin-III did not change rates of factor VII activation by either enzyme. These results from purified systems do not provide an explanation for the prior data from plasma systems. PMID- 7126870 TI - GLucocorticoids inhibit the generation of leukocyte procoagulant (tissue factor) activity. PMID- 7126871 TI - Subcellular localization of hydrogen peroxide production in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes stimulated with lectins, phorbol myristate acetate, and digitonin: an electron microscopic study using CeCl3. AB - The ultrastructural H2O2-producing site in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) stimulated with soluble stimuli was studied using a CeCl3-technique. CeLlular aggregation and formation of small vacuoles were observed when PMN were stimulated with 100 microgram/ml concanavalin-A, 1 mg/ml phytohemagglutinin, or 100 microgram/ml wheat germ agglutinin for 10 min at 37 degrees C. Electron-dense deposits formed from the reaction of H2O2 and CeCl3 were observed on the contact surface of the plasma membrane of aggregated PMN stimulated with lectins. Treatment with 5 microgram/ml cytochalasin-B before lectin-stimulation induced an enhanced formation of vacuoles, degranuLation, rounding of the contour, cellular aggregation, and enhancement of the deposits. Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA; 100 ng/ml) induced strong leukocyte aggregation, the formation of multiple huge vacuoles, degranulation, and H2O2 production at almost all of the contact surface between adjoining PMN and between PMN and erythrocytes, mononuclear cells, or thrombocytes. In PMN stimulated with digitonin (B microgram/ml), vacuolar formation, degranulation, multiple projections on the surface, and H2O2 production on the whole surface membrane were demonstrated. It is shown that cellular aggregation and cell-to-cell contact have an important role in the induction of O2- production induced by lectins or PMA and that O2- production induced by the detergent is not dependent on leukocyte aggregation. PMID- 7126872 TI - Colony-forming cell proliferation: a rapid and sensitive assay system for murine granulocyte and macrophage colony-stimulating factors. AB - A microculture assay for murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been developed using fetal liver GM colony-forming cells (CFC) isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. These GM-CFC are free of mature hemopoietic cells, such as granulocytes and macrophages, which may interfere with direct assays for GM-CSF. The assay procedure allows the quantitation of GM-CSF within 48 hr by measuring the number of cells produced from 50 GM-CFC in microcultures (15 microliter). The assay is particularly simple to set up and score and yet, because of the reduced volumes, this assay is still capable of detecting 0.2 pg (i.e., 0.2 U) of GM-CSF within 48 hr, i.e., 100 times less GM CSF than the conventional soft agar assay. By allowing the microcultures to develop for 7 days, the extra proliferation allows a further tenfold increase in the sensitivity of CSF detection. The time and cost of setting up hundreds of GM CSF assays for fractions from chromatographic columns, e.g., reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography, is reduced by at least five-fold. Enough GM CFC can be isolated and stored frozen in one afternoon to provide sufficient cells for the daily assay of 200 samples of GM-CSF for several months. Microassay results for several sources of GM-CSF at different stages of purification are compared to the results obtained from the soft agar assay. PMID- 7126873 TI - Binding of heme by glutathione S-transferase: a possible role of the erythrocyte enzyme. AB - Human erythrocyte glutathione S-transferase activity is inhibited, probably competitively, by hemin with a Ki of 10(-7) M. It is postulated that glutathione S-transferase functions physiologically as a hemin-binding and/or transport protein in developing erythroid cells. PMID- 7126874 TI - Thrombin-induced secretion of serotonin from platelets can occur in seconds. AB - The platelet release reaction was studied by a new quenched-flow approach. Platelets labeled with 14C-serotonin were reacted for short times (up to 5 sec) with thrombin and then quenched with glutaraldehyde or paraformaldehyde. Serotonin secretion began within 1 sec and was nearly complete by 4 sec. Aggregation recorded by a resistive-particle counter was similarly fast. Therefore, the quenched-flow system reveals that serotonin secretion can occur more rapidly than estimated in earlier studies. PMID- 7126875 TI - Pattern and innervation of pial microvascular effectors which control blood supply to cerebral cortex. AB - In experiments with adult rabbits the active microvascular segments located at particular sites of the minor pial arterial ramifications were investigated. These appeared as sphincters at off-shoots of the arterial branches, the precortical arteries, and the arterial microanastomoses. The sphincters and the precortical arteries were found plentifully supplied with the cholinergic and adrenergic nerves, but the innervation of the microanastomoses was not considerably different from that of the adjacent arterial branches. The nerves of the precortical arteries were in direct connection with the nerve fibers of the arterial branches located inside the cerebral cortex. The pattern of distribution and innervation of the active vascular portions in pial microvascular bed suggests the probability of a neurogenic control of the blood supply to the smallest areas of the cerebral cortex. PMID- 7126876 TI - Differential effect of adenosine and hypoxia on potassium-induced dilation in the isolated, perfused guinea pig heart. AB - In 13 isolated, perfused guinea pig hearts we determined the coronary flow responses to abrupt elevation of perfusate potassium levels (final concentration 12-16 mM) in the absence and presence of adenosine, and during hypoxic perfusion. Control diastolic coronary flow and spontaneous heart rate averaged 7.85 +/- 0.26 ml/min/g and 249.6 +/- 2.4 beats/min, respectively. Potassium infusion (12-16 mM) in the absence of other intervention did not alter coronary flow significantly. Repeat potassium elevation in the presence of 0.05 and 0.1 microM adenosine (threshold dilating doses) produced respective flow increases of 58 and 43% above normokalemic flow (p less than 0.05). Paradoxically, during hypoxic perfusion (70%, O2 or 45% O2 in the gas phase) potassium did not elevate flow and, in some instances, constricted the vessels. Myocardial oxygen consumption and effluent potassium levels did not change with adenosine or hypoxic perfusion. These results suggest two points: (1) an interaction between potassium ion and adenosine may be important in the regulation of coronary flow and (2) hypoxic dilation in the coronary vasculature may act via a mechanism different from that of adenosine. PMID- 7126877 TI - Spontaneous electrical activity in pressurized small mesenteric arteries. AB - Spontaneous electrical activity was recorded intracellularly in vitro from smooth muscle cells of guinea pig small pressurized mesenteric arteries. Spontaneous action potentials were recorded at 37 degrees C at frequencies of 30-55/min. Each action potential consisted of a prepotential (pacemaker potential) followed by a spike of variable amplitude (10-35 mV). This activity was not blocked by tetrodotoxin (TTX) or guanethidine, indicating it was myogenic in origin. Sympathetic nerve stimulation (single 0.5-ms field stimuli) could evoke action potentials in between the spontaneous action potentials and could drive the activity, this effect was blocked by TTX. Addition of the vasodilator adenosine (10(-6) to 10(-4) M) reversibly decreased action potential amplitude and frequency. Lowering the temperature to 35 degrees C for 1-3 min during a single impalement decreased spontaneous action potential frequency. Spontaneous activity was abolished after longer periods at 35 degrees C. The spontaneous activity recorded in vitro at 37 degrees C and 5 or 40 mm Hg inflation pressure was similar to that previously reported from guinea pig and rat mesenteric arteries in vivo. Such activity might be important in the normal physiological control of arterial tone. PMID- 7126878 TI - Depressed adrenergic nerve function in tibial arteries of two-kidney one clip Goldblatt hypertensive dogs. AB - Tibial arteries removed from normotensive dogs and from two-kidney one clip Goldblatt hypertensive dogs, 6-34 days after renal artery constriction, were studied in vitro. Contractions were elicited by transmural stimulation and norepinephrine added to the organ bath. Arteries from the hypertensive dogs exhibited depressed responsiveness to adrenergic nerve stimulation, but not to the lower concentrations of norepinephrine. However, the maximal response to norepinephrine was decreased as has been previously observed in hypertensives' arteries. The results indicate that pre- and postsynaptic factors are involved in the depressed adrenergic responses in the hypertensives' tibial arteries. PMID- 7126879 TI - Decreased lactate transport in aortas from streptozotocin-diabetic rats. PMID- 7126881 TI - Vascular problems in paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria. A report of two cases. AB - Two patients with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) are described who had severe vascular complications. The first patient developed extensive thrombosis of the abdominal veins leading to intractable ascites symptomatically treated with a peritoneo-venous shunt. The second patient had aneurysm of the abdominal aorta treated with a prosthetic graft. Although in both patients prosthetic grafts were implanted no signs of an increased activation of the P.N.H. cells were found and no thrombosis or severe haemolytic anaemia occurred. It is suggested that surgical intervention for vascular complications in PNH should not be delayed because of fear of activating the PNH. PMID- 7126880 TI - On the lysis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria erythrocytes by complement: dual role of C3b. AB - The efficiency of cytolysis by the terminal complement proteins C5b-9 can be markedly enhanced by C3b molecules bound on the target cell membrane (Hammer et al. 1976). This enhancement was shown to be proportional to the number of C3b molecules on the cell membrane. The present experiments have shown that the hemolytic efficiency of the complement membrane attack system is two to five times greater on paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobulinuria erythrocytes (PNHE) than on normal human E. This difference is attribute to a derivative of C3, probably C3b, on PNHE since it was abolished by anti-C3 but not by anti-C2. The efficiency of C5b-9 to lyse PNHE was only partially decreased by C3b inactivator and beta 1 H, indicating that the C3b on PNHE is not readily inactivated by its regulatory proteins. Furthermore, cells from a single severely affected patient consumed 3 fold more C5b6 than normal human E yet concommitantly measured membrane fluidity was normal. From these observations we conclude that cell-bound C3b on PNHE serves two functions: (a) it increases the hemolytic efficiency of membrane attack components of the complement system; and (b) it provides sites for assembly of the alternative pathway convertases. PMID- 7126882 TI - Identification of human megakaryocytes derived from pure megakaryocytic colonies (CFU-M), megakaryocytic-erythroid colonies (CFU-M/E), and mixed hemopoietic colonies (CFU-GEMM) by antibodies against platelet associated antigens. AB - Pure megakaryocytic colonies, megakaryocytic-erythroid colonies and mixed hemopoietic colonies can be cultured from human bone marrow under appropriate culture conditions. Human plasma and mercaptoethanol support the growth for these different types of hemopoietic colonies. However, the addition of medium conditioned by leucocytes in the presence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA-LCM), as a source of thrombopoietin, is required for the formation of megakaryocytic colonies or megakaryocytes within mixed colonies. Megakaryocytes were identified by their typical morphological appearance in culture. Pure megakaryocytic colonies, megakaryocytic-erythroid colonies and mixed colonies were plucked by micropipette and analysed by the PAP-slide technique using antibodies to human factor VIII-related protein or serum derived from a patient with posttransfusion purpura; this particular serum demonstrated anti-P1A1 antibody activity. These antibodies might provide an excellent probe to identify megakaryocytic progeny from committed and non-committed hemopoietic progenitors, facilitating studies of early events in megakaryopoiesis. PMID- 7126883 TI - [Application of the lethal effect of electron capture decay: attempt to control the growth of an ascitic krebs tumor in mice using 64cu]. AB - We have recently demonstrated the existence of a lethal effect due to the transmutation of 64Cu atoms associated with the DNA of in vitro cultured cells: normal monkey cells (kidney) and malignant human cells (alveolar lung carcinoma). The lethal efficiency per decay is high and even higher for the malignant cells. From these results, we have tried to bring about a regression of an ascitic tumor developing in the mouse. The experiments we described show that it is possible to clearly delay (5 X 10(5) ascitic cells injected at t = 0), even to stop for a given number of animals (1 to 2 X 10(4) ascitic cells injected at t = 0), the growth of the tumor owing to some injections of 64Cu totalling about 3 mCi and carried out from the 6th day following inoculation of the malignant cells. PMID- 7126884 TI - [Influence of histological type on the kinetics of tumor growth and cellular proliferation in autochtonous tumors of mice]. AB - The influence of the tumoral histological characters upon growth kinetics and cellular proliferation parameters was studied for autochtonous chemo-induced tumors in mice. In our experimental conditions, the initial minimum volume from which epithelial tumors on one hand and connective tumors on the other hand are observed and then follow a Gompertzian law, was defined. The change of the histological characters of malignancy was observed during the tumoral growth. Intermitotic delays, durations of the cell cycle phases, growth fraction and degree of cell loss were calculated for epithelial and connective tumors. PMID- 7126886 TI - [Changes in the immune status as a function of age and the appearance of spontaneous mammary tumors in C3H/Bi mice]. PMID- 7126885 TI - Incorporation of [7-3H]cholesterol into chromatin fractions of Ehrlich ascites tumour cells. AB - Incorporation in vivo of 3H-cholesterol into chromatin and its distribution among chromatin subfractions (DNA, histone, nonhistone proteins) of Ehrlich ascites tumour cells were studied. The majority of labeling appeared in the nonhistone fraction and only a slight incorporation or tracer amounts of 3H-labeling was found in the histone and DNA fractions. The 3H-labeling from 3H-cholesterol appeared predominantly in the non esterified cholesterol fractions. Our suggestion that neutral lipids--besides phospholipids--may also contribute to the regulatory functions of nonhistone chromosomal proteins needs further investigations. PMID- 7126887 TI - [Manifestations of cerebral metastases: diagnostic and therapeutic importance of research on their primary sites in 120 cases]. AB - Among 120 cases of cerebral metastases, 62 primary sites were found. The diagnosis of the primary site was confirmed: --after the first investigations in 48 cases (in 90% of cases by anamnestic inquiry, clinical examination or chest X ray); --by the evolution of the disease in 5 cases; --by autopsy in 9 cases. The most frequent primary sites were lung (45%), digestive tract (17.7%), melanoma (8%) and ovary (6.5%). Among the identified cases, 25 received treatment for their primary cancer, but only 4 had a surgical resection. There was no significant difference in mean survival between the 2 groups (defined as primary site known or unknown); over all mean survival was 8 months. The early discovery of cerebral metastases suggests the advanced state of the disease. Therefore, investigations which cause the patient to suffer do not seem justified merely for research purposes. PMID- 7126888 TI - Anatomical-pathological data on thyroid cancer in Wallonia (Belgium). PMID- 7126889 TI - [Bi-fractionated external irradiation]. PMID- 7126890 TI - [Metastatic breast carcinoma: sequential hormonotherapy with tamoxifen and medroxy-progesterone acetate. preliminary results]. PMID- 7126892 TI - Abnormal expression of histocompatibility antigens on cancer cells. PMID- 7126893 TI - [HLA and susceptibility to malignancies]. AB - From the large amount of data pertaining to a possible relationship between MHC and susceptibility to malignancies in humans, some significant findings emerge. 1. In population studies, HLA-A2 in ALL and A1 in Hodgkin's disease are observed significantly increased in frequency in comparison to the normal controls. Some significant associations with an HLA phenotype are also observed in several cancers. 2. HLA genotyping of familial cases of Hodgkin's disease, with multiplex affected sibs, lead to the conclusions that an excess of HLA identical pairs are observed among the patients. This could indicate a linkage between the susceptibility gene and the HLA region. Another linkage might exist with familial malignant melanoma fitting with a dominant mode of transmission of the trait. These facts strongly support the role of the MHC among the polyfactorial and polygenic determinism of some malignancies. The mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 7126891 TI - Tissue distribution of adriamycin administered intraperitoneally vs. intravenously, with special emphasis on the pancreas. PMID- 7126894 TI - [Ovarian tumor biology]. AB - The authors studied endocrine ovarian tumor secretions capable of causing a clinic and/or biological syndrome. The plasmatic hormonal determinations and the in-vitro incubation methods revealed that the mesenchymal tumors discharged a full range of steroidsid hormones. Their feminizing or masculinizing clinic aspects depend on each respective hormonal ratio and on the field where they are acting. Ultrastructural studies show that steroid cells derive from the mesenchymal cells and that they often have an ambiguous structure (male or female). Tumors with functional stroma capable of producing steroids appear to be frequent if correct plasmatic determinations and histochemical studies for their diagnosis are used. The polypeptidic hormonal secretions are much more uncommon. Aside chorioepithelioma and carcinoide tumors in which the hormonal secretion is in agreement with the histological aspect, ACTH, TSH, PRL, para-hormone or insulin secretions responsible for endocrine paraneoplastic syndromes, may be found as well. PMID- 7126895 TI - [Ovarian cancer: anatomo-clinical classifications]. AB - There are important barriers in the correct evaluation of the anatomic involvement of malignant ovarian tumors. Nevertheless, it seems advisable to rationalise the criteria of involvement. The authors relate the past classifications of Heyman, Helsel, Munnel, Davis, Gelle, Rutledge and Burns. The most widely accepted present-day classifications are the TNM system of the UICC and above all that of the FIGO. It seems that an attempt at unification between the two systems is recommendable. However, all classifications are arbitrary in nature because of the very diversity of carcinoma of the ovary. PMID- 7126896 TI - The role of radiotherapy in ovarian cancer. AB - This paper reviews the role of external-beam radiotherapy in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer and updates the results of The Princess Margaret Hospital clinical trials. Patients with well differentiated cancers in Stage I (5% of total), have a very high probability of being cured by operation alone and usually require no postoperative treatment. At the other end of the spectrum, patients in Stage IV and those in Stages II and III with large-sized residual tumor masses (45% of the total) are only rarely cured by irradiation, and therefore their primary postoperative treatment should be chemotherapy. Between these two extremes, when all macroscopic tumor has been excised, or when there are small residual deposits within the pelvis, irradiation of the whole abdomen, from above the diaphragm to below the obturator foramina, with no liver shielding, and with a boost-dose to the pelvis, is frequently curative. It is not clear at present whether some of these patients might be equally or better treated with combined chemotherapy. Further study is also required to establish whether radiation therapy has a role in consolidating responses obtained with chemotherapy in patients presenting with large residual tumor masses. PMID- 7126897 TI - [Ovarian cancer: role of medical treatment]. AB - The objective of medical treatment is to define the most active regimen and to combine them with optimal efficiency in the overall management of ovarian cancer patients, according to the results of surgical examination and the radiotherapeutic possibilities. The chemotherapy of common epithelial tumours is basically composed of alkylating agent, adriamycin, cis-platinum and hexamethylmelamine. The combination of these drugs leads to a high rate of surgically controlled tumor regressions and more complete responses, the only treatment which significantly increases survival. Results are less efficient for relapses or after failure of first line chemotherapy. The adjuvant chemotherapy of malignant germ cell tumours is used more and more often. The present indications of hormonotherapy are limited. Immunostimulant agents are being studied by several assays and preliminary results are interesting. PMID- 7126898 TI - Clinico-pathological correlates in ovarian cancer. AB - Multivariate analysis was performed on prognostic data derived from 810 patients with invasive ovarian cancer treated between 1971 and 1978. An examination of the prognostic significance of grade and pathologic subtype revealed that grade was strongly prognostic for serous tumors. In mucinous and endometrioid tumors however, the effect of grade was quite weak; furthermore, the prognostic significance of mucinous and endometrioid tumors did not differ from each other and was intermediate between well and poorly (or moderately) differentiated serous tumors. The compound pathology-grade classification derived from this analysis as well as the amount of macroscopic tumor residuum and the anatomic stage, were shown to exert a powerful prognostic effect independent of each other. Combining the information derived from all of these variables permits enhanced treatment selection to a degree which is not possible when each factor is considered on its own. PMID- 7126899 TI - [Ovarian carcinoma and pregnancy]. PMID- 7126900 TI - Acute toxicity of oil and bilge cleaners to larval American oysters (Crassostrea virginica). PMID- 7126901 TI - Variations with age in the adrenocortical responses of mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) consuming petroleum-contaminated food. PMID- 7126902 TI - Uptake and phytotoxicity of di-n-butyl phthalate in corn (Zea mays). PMID- 7126903 TI - Accumulation and effects of cadmium on guppy (Poecilia reticulata) fed cadmium dosed cladocera (Moina macrocopa). PMID- 7126904 TI - Birdshooting, lead pellets, and grazing cattle. PMID- 7126905 TI - Influence of lead acetate or lead shot ingestion upon White Chinese geese. PMID- 7126906 TI - Acute toxicity of silver to selected fish and invertebrates. PMID- 7126907 TI - Relationship of blood pressures with hair mineral concentrations in South Carolina adolescents. PMID- 7126908 TI - In vivo suppression of 1,1,1-trichloroethane metabolism by co-administered tetrachloroethylene: an inhalation study. PMID- 7126910 TI - Identification of aryl/alkyl phosphate residues in foods. PMID- 7126909 TI - Estimating pesticide burdens of bats from guano analyses. PMID- 7126912 TI - Comparison of the persistence of EPTC, metribuzin, and propanil in Saskatchewan field soils. PMID- 7126911 TI - Identification of fatty acid anilides in adulterated Spanish cooking oils. PMID- 7126913 TI - Acute toxicity of thiram in Gammarus pulex: effect of a one-hour contamination and degradation of an aqueous suspension. PMID- 7126914 TI - New continuous-flow bioassay technique using small crustaceans. PMID- 7126915 TI - Effect of suspended sediment on feeding by larval herring (Clupea harengus harengus L.). PMID- 7126916 TI - Preparation and characterization of water-soluble fractions of crude and refined oils for use in toxicity studies. PMID- 7126917 TI - Effects of dispersant and crude oil ingestion on mallard ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos). PMID- 7126918 TI - Impact of blast-furnace plant emissions in a dune ecosystem. PMID- 7126919 TI - Protective effect of selenium on methylmercury toxicity: a possible mechanism. PMID- 7126920 TI - Physiological role of mercury-methylation in Clostridium cochlearium T-2C. PMID- 7126922 TI - Shifts in caddisfly species composition in Sacramento River invertebrate communities in the presence of heavy metal contamination. PMID- 7126921 TI - Recent increase in mercury sedimentation in a forest lake attributable to peatland drainage. PMID- 7126923 TI - Heavy metal concentrations in shrimp, crab, and sediment obtained from AD-Dammam sewage outfall area. PMID- 7126924 TI - Enrichment of copper, zinc, manganese, and iron in five species of pondweeds (Potamogeton spp.). PMID- 7126925 TI - Thyroid responses in rats fed diets formulated with Great Lakes coho salmon. PMID- 7126926 TI - A study of well water in selected California communities for residues of 1,3 dichloropropene, chloroallyl alcohol and 49 organophosphate or chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides. PMID- 7126927 TI - Seasonal brain acetylcholinesterase activity in three species of shorebirds overwintering in Texas. PMID- 7126928 TI - Stability of Matacil in aqueous media as measured by changes in anticholinesterase potency. PMID- 7126930 TI - On the estimation of premorbid intellectual functioning: validation of Nelson & McKenna's formula, and some new normative data. AB - The Schonell Graded Word Reading Test (SGWRT), the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) and Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices (RSPM) were administered to 78 healthy subjects aged between 18 and 84 years. Regression equations were derived for predicting Verbal, Performance and Full-Scale IQs measured with the WAIS on the basis of a subject's score on the SGWRT, and for predicting total score on the RSPM on the basis of age and score on the SGWRT. Discrepancies between obtained and predicted scores were approximately normally distributed; z scores are presented for these discrepancies for each of the predicted variables. The equation derived for predicting Full-Scale IQ was in good agreement with the equation derived by Nelson & McKennais sample. 'Significant' discrepancies (z score greater than 1.645) between obtained and predicted Full-Scale IQs were found in approximately half of a group of patients with confirmed organic cortical damage. These results constitute a validation of Nelson & McKenna's formula for estimating premorbid IQ, and in addition provide new normative data which may be used for estimating premorbid Verbal or Performance IQ, or score on the RSPM. PMID- 7126929 TI - Acute inhalation toxicity of ammonia in mice. PMID- 7126931 TI - Functional analysis in applied psychology. AB - Various clinical problems in recent years have been described under the general heading of 'functional analyses'. The present paper considers the background to the notion of a functional analysis and some of the differences between functional analysis and more traditional approaches. The processes involved in producing such analyses of the origin and maintenance of clinical problems are outlined, using a clinical case as an illustration. It is suggested that, amongst the features highlighted by such analyses, feedback loops will often be apparent, and that these may provide particularly valuable targets for intervention. Moreover it appears that the use of such analyses transcends, at least to some extent, the type of problem or client (in being applicable to institutional or individual problems) and in particular that the use of functional analyses transcends theoretical biases of the clinician. In this respect it provides a potential common ground for workers of different orientations. PMID- 7126932 TI - The effect of distraction on sensitivity to syntactic structure in schizophrenic and affective disorders. AB - This study was designed to determine whether the presence of a distracting message would interfere with schizophrenics' ability to utilize syntactic structure in processing information from a relevant sentence. Seventeen schizophrenics, 17 patients with affective disorders, and 16 normals were given a word recognition task in both the presence and absence of auditory distraction. None of the patients was hospitalized at the time of testing. Subjects listened to a sequence of sentences which consisted of two clauses. Immediately following each sentence, the subject heard a probe word and was required to indicate whether it had been part of the preceding sentence. In the neutral condition, the recognition latencies of subjects in all three groups were shorter if the word came just after, rather than just before, the clausal boundary of the preceding sentence. In the presence of a distracting message, the normals and affective patients continued to exhibit this same effect. The schizophrenics did not. The latency of their responses in the distractor condition was not influenced by the location of the target word relative to the clausal boundary. This result indicates that although schizophrenics are sensitive to syntactic structure, their ability to organize verbal messages into meaningful grammatical units may be relatively fragile and subject to disruption by auditory distraction. PMID- 7126933 TI - An investigation of the construct validity of the Bannister-Fransella Grid Test of Schizophrenic Thought Disorder. AB - An attempt was made to demonstrate the construct validity of the Grid Test in a psychiatric population by showing that: (a) judgements of thought disorder based on the Grid Test were associated with judgements based on a clinical interview; (b) Grid Test scores were not associated with measures of other forms of psychopathology, intelligence, or memory. Results of a principal components factor analysis confirmed both hypothesis, supporting the validity of the Grid Test as a measure of thought disorder. PMID- 7126934 TI - Dichotic monitoring and focused versus divided attention in schizophrenia. AB - The target detection performance of normals, chronic schizophrenics with positive symptoms and those with negative symptoms was compared in focused and divided attention conditions. The focused condition involved the monitoring of one, and the divided condition the monitoring of both, of the dichotically presented word lists. The amount and rate of list presentations were held constant across the conditions in an attempt to separate attentional from difficulty and capacity factors. Results showed that while the overall performance of both schizophrenic groups was lower than that of the normals, their performance change from the focused to the divided attention condition did not differ from that of the normals. These results do not support a schizophrenic selective attention deficit hypothesis. PMID- 7126936 TI - Improving environments for the mentally handicapped: a methodological note. PMID- 7126937 TI - The functional asymmetry of negative and positive self-statements. AB - Subjects were divided into high and low negative self-statement and high and low positive-self-statement groups on the basis of the assertiveness self-statement test (Schwartz & Gottman, 1976). High negative self-statement subjects reported more anxiety during assertion role plays than did low negative self-statement subjects and were rated by judges as exhibiting more non-verbal anxiety and performing less assertively than low negative self-statement subjects. Judges rated high positive self-statement subjects as more irritable and brusque than low positive self-statement subjects. Theoretical implications are discussed. PMID- 7126935 TI - Icon thresholds in paranoid and non-paranoid schizophrenics. AB - Recent work in information processing points to two processes being active when a stimulus produces a short-term memory trace, the icon. Previous work in schizophrenia seems to have blurred this important distinction and as a result the processing of the icon has been confused with the strength of icon. The present paper reviews current work with this distinction in mind and presents data on the icon strength of acute paranoid and non-paranoid schizophrenics, chronic schizophrenics, and two control groups as determined by the method of stimulus exposure time. Results indicate no difference in temporal recognition thresholds between schizophrenics and controls, strongly suggesting that the schizophrenia deficit resides in the encoding process. PMID- 7126939 TI - Reduction of self-induced vomiting in a multiply handicapped girl by 'lemon juice therapy' and concomitant changes in social behaviour. PMID- 7126938 TI - Outcome in elderly psychiatric patients: implications of cognitive changes. AB - Elderly psychiatric patients who were in contact with the hospital service one year after admission were reassessed using clinical and psychometric measures. Outcome was determined by survival over the following four years. On the psychometric tasks, there was a differential tendency for those who subsequently died to show declining levels of functioning over the year. PMID- 7126940 TI - Attributions and recovery from depression: a preliminary study using cross-lagged correlation analysis. AB - Cross-lagged correlation analysis was employed to test the hypothesis that attributions for symptoms and life-events would exercise a causal influence on the recovery of depressed patients. Patients rated their symptoms and their three most upsetting recent life-events on the dimensions of internality, stability, globality and uncontrollability. These ratings were significantly more global and uncontrollable than those of controls. Among female depressed patients the dimensions of stability and uncontrollability appeared in addition to play a causal role in determining level of depression six weeks later. PMID- 7126941 TI - The Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ) and its correlates. AB - This paper describes a questionnaire measure of self-reported failures in perception, memory, and motor function. Responses to all questions tend to be positively correlated, and the whole questionnaire correlates with other recent measures of self-reported deficit in memory, absent-mindedness, or slips of action. The questionnaire is however only weakly correlated with indices of social desirability set or of neuroticism. It is significantly correlated with ratings of the respondent by his or her spouse, and accordingly does have some external significance rather than purely private opinion of the self. The score is reasonably stable over long periods, to about the same extent as traditional measures of trait rather than state. Furthermore, it has not thus far been found to change in persons exposed to life-stresses. However, it does frequently correlate with the number of current psychiatric symptoms reported by the same person on the MHQ; and in one study it has been found that CFQ predicts subsequent MHQ in persons who work at a stressful job in the interval. It does not do so in those who work in a less stressful environment. The most plausible view is that cognitive failure makes a person vulnerable to showing bad effects of stress, rather than itself resulting from stress. PMID- 7126942 TI - Cognitive and social skills correlates of social anxiety. AB - In order to assess the factors which influence the occurrence of social anxiety, 45 subjects (25 male and 20 female) were divided into high, moderate and low social anxiety groups on the basis of a self-report inventory. Their performance in a series of simulated social interactions was assessed on self-report measures of anxiety and social skill, cognitive self-statements and judge ratings of overt behaviours. Results obtained indicated differences across the anxiety groups on each of these sets of variables. This was interpreted as being consistent with a view that both cognitive and behavioural variables influence social anxiety. PMID- 7126943 TI - Psychological and social aspects of induced abortion. AB - The literature concerning psychosocial aspects of induced abortion is reviewed. Key areas discussed are: the legal context of abortion in Britain, psychological characteristics of abortion-seekers, pre- and post-abortion contraceptive use, pre- and post-abortion counselling, the actual abortion and the effects of termination versus refused abortion. Women seeking termination are found to demonstrate more psychological disturbance than other women, however this is probably temporary and related to the short-term stresses of abortion. Inadequate contraception is frequent prior to abortion but improves afterwards. Few women find the decision to terminate easy and most welcome opportunities for non judgemental counselling. Although some women experience adverse psychological sequelae after abortion the great majority do not. In contrast, refused abortion often results in psychological distress for the mother and an impoverished environment for the ensuing offspring. PMID- 7126945 TI - Why assess the aged? A clinical psychologist's view. AB - Four major areas of research: the early detection of Alzheimer's disease; the psychological side-effects of anticholinergic drugs; the significance of late onset depression; and the relationship between physical activity, ageing and cognitive status, are discussed with reference to the problem of improving the quality of life in the aged. The four areas of research are unified by discussing two aspects of information processing: speed of performance and memory. The significance of and need for the assessment of cognitive status in the elderly are also discussed, as well as the notion that tests for the elderly should fit into their ecology. PMID- 7126946 TI - Sex-related patterns of worry in secondary school pupils. AB - This investigation sought data concerning sex differences in the worry patterns of children. The sample comprised 182 comprehensive school pupils, 91 boys and 91 girls, between the ages of 12 years 1 month and 13 years 7 months. The Simon-Ward Worry Survey (1976) was administered in order to ascertain the frequency and intensity of worry experienced in the following areas; family, school, economic, social, personal adequacy, health, imagination and animals. Both in the frequency and intensity of worry girls scored higher than boys in the areas of family, social and imagination, but no significant differences occurred for personal adequacy, health, animal or economic factors. For both sexes the category order, from highest to lowest, was the same--family, social, school, imagination, personal adequacy, health, economic and animals. PMID- 7126944 TI - Predicting educational attainment from WISC-R in a primary school sample. PMID- 7126947 TI - Locus of control and maintenance of behavioural therapy skills. AB - Thirty stutterers were treated in an intensive behavioural therapy programme in which speech and behavioural skills are taught. Treatment was shown to be effective in the long term in eliminating most stuttering behaviour. The effect of therapy on the stutterer's long-term perceptions of self-control was investigated. Those clients who attributed positive treatment effects to their own efforts or control also maintained their improvement in the behaviours acquired during therapy. Further planned research is needed to clarify whether attributions of self-control contribute to the client's ability to maintain therapy skills. PMID- 7126948 TI - A new approach to construct elicitation for a grid test. AB - This paper reports a new method for identifying a set of constructs which can be applied to intra-family relationships by members of different families. Two written versions of a story about an imaginary family were prepared in which relationship-describing words were missing. Missing words were supplied by 54 subjects with each version. Ten positive and 10 negative constructs were used sufficiently frequently to be considered meaningful to members of different families. The missing words technique may also aid the elicitation of constructs for individual grids. PMID- 7126949 TI - Changes in hostility during the course of hypomanic illness. AB - Thirty patients with hypomania (or mania) were studied using the Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire to establish by testing and retesting the same patients the changes that take place in hostility as a hypomanic illness remits. Highly significant decreases in total hostility, in extrapunitiveness, in criticism of others and in projected hostility were demonstrated. There was some evidence to suggest that acquiescent response set may be characteristic, not of the hypomanic state itself, but of individuals predisposed to develop such an illness. Hostility scores in recovered female hypomanics did not differ from those of control subjects once correction had been made for the effects of age and social class. As an exception to the rule, the case is described of a man with mild mental retardation where testing confirmed clinical and collateral observations of a massive increase in hostility on recovery from a hypomanic illness. PMID- 7126950 TI - Vividness of memory imagery and self-induced mood change. AB - Previous research has shown that people who can voluntarily form vivid images are able to exert more control over some of their cognitive and affective functions than people who can voluntarily form only weak images. This study was designed to extend this line of research to the control of mood states. From a sample of first-year psychology students four groups were formed: vivid imagery/elated, vivid imagery/depressed, weak imagery/elated, weak imagery/depressed. Mood change induction procedures were employed in an attempt to produce reversals in the initial mood states. It was found that greater changes occurred for the vivid imagers than for the weak imagers. These results were discussed in relation to the differential effectiveness of the mood induction procedures, the problem of measuring mood and the importance of taking into account individual differences in imagery abilities when planning imagery based treatment. PMID- 7126951 TI - A critical appraisal of meta-analysis. AB - Meta-analysis is an increasingly popular, objective method for summarizing a body of empirical findings. The standard meta-analysis package consists of methods for estimating the combined probability and average effect size for a set of studies, the stability of these results, and the factors associated with differential treatment outcomes. While meta-analysis is a powerful analytic technique, the procedure has limitations that should be carefully evaluated when it is applied to the psychotherapy--or any other--literature. These limitations include biased selection of studies; reporting inaccuracies, poor quality data, various sources of invalidity (conceptual, methodological, and statistical), and lack of independence in the studies reviewed; and variability in outcome produced by the meta-analytic techniques employed. Despite these potential problems, the advantages of meta-analysis are so substantial that the techniques deserve routine use as an aid to summarizing treatment literatures. PMID- 7126952 TI - A follow-up of couples attending a psychosexual problems clinic. AB - A follow-up is described of 116 couples attending a sexual problems clinic. Information was obtained concerning only 53 per cent of couples. Follow-up data suggested that 42 per cent of treated couples improved during treatment and maintained these gains; and that 35 per cent of couples had separated or divorced during the follow-up period. PMID- 7126953 TI - Illness behaviour and psychosocial outcome after a heart attack. AB - Patterns of illness behavior evident soon after myocardial infarction (MI) were examined in relation to psychosocial outcome eight months later. Significant associations, largely between illness behaviour reflecting affective distress and aspects of psychosocial outcome, hint at a causal relationship between the two. The importance of this is considered in terms of the clinical management of MI survivors. PMID- 7126955 TI - Administrative and interpretive problems with the Kendrick Battery for the Detection of Dementia in the Elderly. PMID- 7126954 TI - Observations on the Object Learning Test of the Kendrick Battery for the Detection of Dementia. AB - This paper examines some shortcomings in the design and validation of the Object Learning Test of the Kendrick Battery. Certain issues which are important to ensure standardized administration of the test have not been considered, and the scoring procedures penalize some correct responses. Line drawings on the cards are occasionally ambiguous, and some of the repeat drawings are reproduced with unnecessary alterations. The parallel forms of the test are not matched for word frequency of the names of the objects. Questions are raised concerning the cut off point for ascribing dementia and the statements of confidence in test diagnosis. PMID- 7126956 TI - Strategic and methodological aspects of behavioural medicine. AB - There is currently an expanded interest amongst clinical psychologists in extending their clinical service to other medical specialties in addition to psychiatry. The present paper considers the strategic and methodological implications of this trend. It is suggested that the efficient use of limited resources demands an expanded role, which involves the evaluation of service related problems in addition to traditional casework. A further departure from the traditional role involves the development and refinement of measures of psychological state in clinical research trials. Examples of the way in which involvement may be exhibited on a methodological level are offered by considering psychological aspects of medication. In order to establish the clinical utility of such collaboration, it is necessary to provide biomedical personnel with empirical documentation of the benefits of attending to the psychological aspects of their clinical practice. PMID- 7126957 TI - As others see us: general practitioners' perceptions of psychological problems and the relevance of clinical psychology. AB - Structured interviews were carried out with 30 randomly selected general practitioners, to discover how they perceived and handled psychological problems in their patients. In addition, the doctors' perceptions and expectations of their professionals who might assist in the management of such problems were examined. Much of the previously published work was confirmed by the present investigation, but some new information was also uncovered. Thus, although almost all the GPs were sympathetic towards the wish of some clinical psychologists to work at the primary health care level, almost half the doctors would not want a psychologist within their practice, even if finance and accommodation were not problematic. Clinical psychologists were viewed, primarily, as therapists and, as such, were mostly expected to provide a regular part-time service to the practice. Only a minority of GPs wished to acquire skills from clinical psychology, but a large majority were in favour of direct referrals. The results of this study are discussed in terms of their implications for clinical psychology services. PMID- 7126958 TI - A re-evaluation of an automated tailored test of concept learning with elderly psychiatric patients. AB - Aspects of a revised version of the Picture Matching Test were evaluated in a sample of 33 elderly psychiatric patients. The new version of the test shared many defects of the older form, e.g. an uneven increase in levels of difficulty and a low ceiling. The derived speed of response measure was more closely related to the way in which the system responded to a subject's errors than to any of the other more direct measures of a subject's performance. Furthermore, there was no evidence to suggest that the method of controlling for practice effects, as suggested by the test's distributors, would be effective. PMID- 7126959 TI - The Menninger Hospitals' Guide to the Order Sheet. PMID- 7126960 TI - Expectant and new fatherhood as a developmental crisis. PMID- 7126961 TI - The practical use of microcomputers in rehabilitation. PMID- 7126962 TI - A circulation study: "The Bulletin" uses simple techniques to sample reader preferences and to adjust institutional shipments to changing needs. PMID- 7126963 TI - Treatment of juvenile arthritis. PMID- 7126964 TI - Ultrasound in obstetrics. PMID- 7126965 TI - Giant cell arteritis. PMID- 7126966 TI - Severe pneumonia. PMID- 7126967 TI - Treatment of alcohol withdrawal symptoms. PMID- 7126968 TI - Orbital tumours. PMID- 7126970 TI - One view: goodbye radiology. PMID- 7126969 TI - Tumours of the nasopharynx. PMID- 7126971 TI - Abdominal aortic aneurysms. PMID- 7126972 TI - Medicine and the media: press release. PMID- 7126974 TI - Sigmoidoscopy. AB - Rigid sigmoidoscopy is an obligatory part of the routine anorectal examination and enables inspection of the rectum in nearly every case. The extent of bowel examined by flexible sigmoidoscopy is greater and more abnormalities are therefore discovered. With suitable organization, flexible sigmoidoscopy is practicable in the outpatient department. Neither technique examines the large bowel completely so air-contrast barium enema examination with colonoscopy is necessary and should be requested if more proximal disease is thought possible. PMID- 7126973 TI - Hypercalcaemia. PMID- 7126975 TI - Carcinoma of the tongue. PMID- 7126976 TI - Your accounts: planning for retirement. PMID- 7126977 TI - Legionnaires' disease. PMID- 7126978 TI - Respiratory testing in children. PMID- 7126979 TI - Sickle-cell disease and pregnancy. PMID- 7126981 TI - Symptomless abnormalities. The solitary pulmonary nodule. PMID- 7126982 TI - Medicine and the media. Why anonymity? PMID- 7126983 TI - Diagnoses not to be missed. Masked depression. PMID- 7126980 TI - Disseminated intravascular coagulation. PMID- 7126984 TI - One view. "They" and the trainee registrar. PMID- 7126987 TI - When doctors disagree. PMID- 7126988 TI - Negative change induced by psychotherapy. PMID- 7126985 TI - An appraisal of piped medical gas systems. PMID- 7126986 TI - The toxic shock syndrome. PMID- 7126989 TI - MRCP part I. PMID- 7126990 TI - Acute intestinal obstruction in the adult. PMID- 7126991 TI - Transcutaneous oximetry. PMID- 7126992 TI - Indirect taxation. PMID- 7126993 TI - Severe pneumonia. PMID- 7126994 TI - Contribution of prostaglandins and thromboxanes to the adenosine and ATP-induced contraction of guinea-pig isolated trachea. AB - 1 In in vitro experiments adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine were found to exert different effects on the guinea-pig isolated trachea depending on whether the trachea had previously been contracted with acetylcholine (ACh) (6.6 x 10(-6) M) or was at resting tone. 2 ATP and adenosine (10(-5) and 10(-3) M) were equipotent in relaxing the precontracted guinea-pig trachea, since concentrations of 1.09 +/- 0.35 and 0.39 +/- 0.16 mM respectively reduced by 25% the ACh-induced contraction. 3 ATP and adenosine (10(-5) and 10(-4) M) caused a moderate contraction of the guinea-pi trachea under resting tone. This effect was antagonized by inhibitors of cyclo-oxygenase (indomethacin 10(-6) M, aspirin 0.3 x 10(-3) M and 3 x 10(-3) M) and of thromboxane synthetase (nictindole 10(-7) M, imidazole 5 x 10(-5) M), which suggests an indirect mechanism of action with release of arachidonic acid derivatives. PMID- 7126995 TI - Electrical slow waves and tone of guinea-pig isolated trachealis muscle: effects of drugs and temperature changes. AB - 1 Simultaneous recordings of electrical and mechanical activity have been made from guinea-pig isolated trachealis muscle. Electrical activity was recorded both by extracellular and intracellular techniques.2 Extracellular studies showed that the spontaneous development of tone was accompanied by electrical slow waves which frequently exhibited pronounced waxing and waning. Intracellular recording confirmed the discharge of these slow waves in individual cells. Extracellularly recorded slow waves were often of greatest amplitude while the tissue was developing rather than maintaining tension. Some tissues became electrically quiescent on reaching peak tone.3 Cooling to 27.5 degrees C caused some relaxation. Slow wave amplitude and frequency fell, slow waves eventually being abolished. Subsequent rapid rewarming initially evoked a more profound relaxation. An intense discharge of slow waves then occurred as the tension rapidly rose again towards the pre-cooling value.4 Sodium nitrite, (-) isoprenaline, adenosine and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) each evoked relaxation and reduced the frequency and amplitude of slow waves. High concentrations of these agents often abolished slow waves. The actions of these drugs were reversible.5 Treatment with methoxyverapamil (D600) 1 mumol/l for 15 min abolished slow wave activity but only evoked partial relaxation of the tissue.6 Acetylcholine, histamine and tetraethylammonium (TEA) each evoked contraction, but TEA was unique in consistently promoting slow waves and (in high concentration) spike activity. Spasm evoked by acetylcholine and histamine did not usually involve the initiation or promotion of slow waves. Indeed in appropriate concentration these two agents always suppressed slow wave activity. The actions of the spasmogens were reversible.7 It is concluded that the smooth muscle cells of the trachealis are electrically coupled. While co-ordinated slow wave activity is associated with the spontaneous development of tension in trachealis, it may not be necessary for the maintenance of the major part of the spontaneous tension exhibited by the tissue or for the spasm evoked by histamine or acetylcholine. Slow wave promotion by TEA suggests that the tissue may have a high resting potassium conductance which normally attenuates the slow waves. Slow waves may be suppressed by a variety of drugs acting by different mechanisms. Since D600 suppresses slow waves of the trachealis the mechanisms underlying the waves may be similar to those underlying spike activity in other smooth muscles. PMID- 7126997 TI - Effects of lysine-vasopressin and oxytocin on central cardiovascular control. AB - 1 The cardiovascular effects of intravenous and intracisternal administration of neurohypophysial peptides were compared in dogs anaesthetized with chloralose. 2 Intravenous lysine-vasopressin (0.1 to 100 mu/kg) induced a dose-dependent increase in blood pressure and a decrease in heart rate. In contrast, intracisternal lysine-vasopressin (0.01 to 10 mu/kg induced a dose-related decrease in blood pressure and did not change heart rate. 3 Intracisternal oxytocin (1 and 10 mu/kg) increased blood pressure and did not change heart rate, whereas the same doses injected intravenously were inactive. 4 Pretreatment with guanethidine (15 mg/kg i.v. 24 h beforehand) abolished the hypotensive responses to intracisternal vasopressin but not the pressor action of intravenous vasopressin. 5 The pressor responses to central injections of oxytocin were not modified by guanethidine. 6 Hypotension elicited by intracisternal vasopressin was probably due to a decrease in sympathetic tone whereas the hypertension induced by intracisternal oxytocin was independent of variations in sympathetic tone. PMID- 7126998 TI - The effects of cyclic dicarboxylic acids on spontaneous and amino acid-evoked activity of rat cortical neurones. AB - 1 A series of cyclic dicarboxylic acids were applied by microiontophoresis to neurones in the cerebral cortex of rats anaesthetized with urethane. The object was to examine effects on spontaneous firing rates and any ability to antagonize responses to excitatory amino acids. 2 At relatively low ejecting currents (10-25 nA) cis-2,3-piperidine dicarboxylic acid (cis-2,3-PDA) had no effect on spontaneous firing but selectively antagonized the excitation evoked by n-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) without affecting responses to quisqualaife or kainate. At higher ejecting currents (60-100 nA) responses to all three agonists were reduced. 3 Other cis-piperidine dicarboxylic acids and piperazine-2,3 dicarboxylic acid had only weak and variable effects on cell firing and responses to NMDA, quisqualate, kainate, glutamate and aspartate. 4 2, 3-Pyridine dicarboxylic acid (quinolinic acid) produced excitation of all cortical neurones tested. 5 2-Amino-5-phosphono-valeric acid, an NMDA antagonist, reduced responses to quinolinate, implying that this compound can act at NMDA receptors. 6 It is suggested that quinolinic acid may be of physiological interest as a potential endogenous excitant in the nervous system and that cis-2,3-PDA and its N-methyl derivative may be of use in studies of receptor pharmacology and the identification of synaptic transmitters. PMID- 7126999 TI - Influence of N-ethylmaleimide on cholinoceptors and responses in longitudinal muscles from guinea-pig ileum. AB - 1 The binding of carbamylcholine to membranes prepared from the longitudinal muscle of guinea-pig ileum was determined from its inhibition of the binding of [3H]-3-quinuclidinyl benzilate. Carbamylcholine binding was resolved into high and low affinity components with apparent dissociation constants of 0.11 +/- 0.02 and 11 +/- 1 microM; 42% of the receptors displayed high affinity carbamylcholine binding. 2 Alkylation of longitudinal muscle membranes with N-ethylmaleimide increased muscarinic receptor affinity for carbamylcholine in a manner consistent with a conversion of low affinity to high affinity receptors. After exposure the muscle membrane fragments to 1 mM N-ethylmaleimide for 20 min at 35 degrees C, carbamylcholine binding was resolved into two components with apparent dissociation constants of 0.11 +/- 0.01 and 9 +/- 2 microM, with 74% of the receptors displaying the higher affinity. 3 Exposure of longitudinal membranes mounted in an organ chamber to 1 mM N-ethylmaleimide for 30s depressed isometric contractions in response to acetylcholine by 80%, while contractions induced by K+ and Ba2+ were reduced by less than 20% and 10%, respectively. Acetylcholine dose-response curves were shifted to the right while Ba2+ curves were unaffected. 4 It is suggested that N-ethylmaleimide has a selective effect on muscarinic responses in the longitudinal muscle by disrupting processes occurring after receptor occupancy but before the induction of phospholipid turnover or calcium influx in the postsynaptic membrane. PMID- 7126996 TI - Inhibition of rat liver tryptophan pyrrolase activity and elevation of brain tryptophan concentration by acute administration of small doses of antidepressants. AB - 1 Administration to rats of a 0.5 mg/kg dose of any of 19 antidepressants, but not that of many other drugs, causes a significant inhibition of the total enzyme and apoenzyme activities of liver tryptophan pyrrolase (of 24-48% and 37-65% respectively) and elevates brain tryptophan concentration by 13-66%. 2 When liver tryptophan pyrrolase activity is enhanced by pretreatment with cortisol or haematin, subsequent administration of a 0.5 mg/kg dose of some, but not other, antidepressants causes inhibition, which is weak (up to 38%). 3 This weak inhibition of the enhanced pyrrolase activity together with other pharmacological and physiological factors could explain the time lag between the start of antidepressant medication and the occurrence of a therapeutic response. 4 The cortisol-induced and haematin-activated pyrrolases respond differentially to inhibition by imipramine and amitriptyline, and this may explain the differential response to these two drugs of depressed patients in relation to urinary excretion of the noradrenaline metabolite 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol. 5 The results are discussed in relation to the mechanism of action of antidepressants and the possible involvement of disturbed hepatic tryptophan metabolism in depressive illness. PMID- 7127000 TI - The effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and of adenosine 5'-triphosphate on the isolated anococcygeus muscle of the mouse. AB - 1 Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP, 0.01- MicroM) produced dose-related relaxations of the mouse anococcygeus muscle. 2 Following incubation with indomethacin (2.8 microM 1 h) adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP, 0.5-10 mM) produced dose-related relaxations of the mouse anococcygeus. 3 Haemolysed blood reduced inhibitory responses of the mouse anococcygeus to field stimulation but had no effect on relaxations to VIP or ATP. 4 Apamin (0.5 microM) had no effect on the relaxation of mouse anococcygeus to field stimulation, VIP, or ATP. 5 2-2' Pyridylisatogen tosylate (PIT, 50 microM) itself reduced muscle tone but it did not abolish inhibitory responses to field stimulation, VIP, or ATP. 6 During prolonged inhibitory nerve stimulation the relaxation of the mouse anococcygeus in response to VIP was reduced greatly while that to ATP was unaffected. 7 Bundles of VIP-immunoreactive sites were detected in sections of the mouse anococcygeus treated by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immunocytochemical technique. 8 The results suggest that the mechanisms underlying non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic inhibitory transmission in the mouse anococcygeus are similar to those in the bovine retractor penis and unlike those in the guinea-pig taenia caeci. 9 The possibility that VIP or ATP might be involved in inhibitory neurotransmission in the mouse anococcygeus is discussed. PMID- 7127002 TI - Non-palpable tumour of the breast--radiological presentation. AB - During the period between 1977 and 1979, mammographic spot localizations were performed in 52 patients for evaluation of suspected occult neoplasms. Twenty eight patients were found on biopsy to have a malignancy; on the remaining 24 patients the finding proved to be benign. The mammographic abnormalities were divided into two groups: (a) those associated with microcalcification and (b) those in which the abnormality was manifested by a small mass or localized distortion of the breast parenchyma. In many instances it was not possible to differentiate benign disease from malignancy on the mammogram. None of the 28 patients with malignant tumour had axillary node involvement at surgery. PMID- 7127003 TI - Lumbosacral agenesis: a report of three new cases and a review of the literature. PMID- 7127001 TI - Proceedings of the joint meeting of the Scandinavian and British Pharmacological Societies. Stockholm--Sweden. 5th and 6th July, 1982. PMID- 7127004 TI - A preliminary investigation of radiation dose reduction on an EMI CT5005 whole body scanner using a copper wedge. AB - The effects of the existing filtration system upon a narrow, parallel beam of X rays were considered. The profile of a Cu filter to be placed on the tube-side A1 wedge was calculated on the basis that the total energy incident on the detector box would remain unchanged when the other A1 wedge was removed. A Cu wedge was machined according to this profile. The effects of this modification on surface radiation dose delivered to a 25 cm EMI water phantom were both predicted and measured for horizontal traverses, and were in broad agreement. The reduction in integral radiation dose to the 25 cm water phantom was predicted as 39%. Dose reductions measured at several points on the surface and within an Alderson Rando anthropomorphic phantom head averaged 53% and 20% respectively. The modified system was evaluated in terms of imaging ability, and although some degradation was seen, images of the EMI composite phantom remained "diagnostic" in quality, despite non-ideal responses of some photomultiplier tubes at intermediate and extreme positions of the traverse periphery. PMID- 7127005 TI - Radiotherapy of polymorphic reticulosis. AB - The term "lethal mid-line granuloma" does not properly reflect current knowledge that several different diseases can produce non-infectious mid-facial destruction. The disorders producing erosion of the upper aerodigestive passages are more accurately classified by clinical and histological criteria as either Wegener's or non-Wegener's causes. The non-Wegener's causes of mid-facial erosion include extranodal lymphoma, idiopathic mid-line granuloma and polymorphic reticulosis. Polymorphic reticulosis (PR) is a rare disease which is histologically identical to lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LG). The term PR has been used to describe LG localized to the upper airways. PR-LG is characterized by a remarkably polymorphic angiocentric mixed cellular infiltrate. The disease is locally invasive, has the potential for distant spread, and can cause fever, sweats and weight loss. When it is localized to the upper airways, PR-LG is potentially controllable by radiation therapy. Local symptoms at other body sites can be successfully palliated by radiation. The clinical presentation of two recent patients with PR-LG is summarized, as well as the radiotherapy employed. The pertinent literature is reviewed. PMID- 7127006 TI - Histology as a method for determining thermal gradients in heated tumours. AB - It is proposed that histological assessment of tumours may be a useful biological thermal dosimeter. Assessment of nodules may give information about thermal gradients, and biopsies of treated tumours may serve as a prognostic indicator in clinical hyperthermia. Cell death after hyperthermia occurs rapidly and surviving cells are readily recognizable as small foci within 24 h. This contrasts with the delayed cell death and the more random distribution of survivors amongst killed cells after ionizing radiation. By 24 h, sections of tumours can demonstrate islands of apparently viable cells in a sea of necrosis after 44.8 degrees C/1 h. This technique has been used to identify regions of poor heating in mouse tumours treated by water immersion. Cells surrounding blood vessels and cells adjacent to underlying normal tissue were seen to be protected from thermal damage. PMID- 7127007 TI - The potential benefit from a perfect radiosensitizer and its dependence on reoxygenation. AB - The potential benefit of a perfect radiosensitizer has been assessed by computing the sensitization ratios that would be observed in a mixed population of oxic and hypoxic cells if different reoxygenation rates existed. The sensitizer has been assumed to be as effective as oxygen, completely non-toxic and freely diffusible to all hypoxic cells within the tumour. The calculations have been made for several different clinical fractionation regimes, namely 30, 20, 9 or 6 fractions, all with the same ret dose (NSD = 1700 rets). These calculations have allowed us to deduce how large the observed sensitization would be for differing rates of reoxygenation and for the different fractionation schemes. The size of the extrapolation number is seen to be an important parameter in these calculations. They have allowed us to indicate how much reoxygenation would be needed to abolish the benefit from (and hence the need for) a perfect radiosensitizer. PMID- 7127008 TI - A phantom for "mapping" slice thickness in X-ray computed tomography. PMID- 7127009 TI - Ultrasonic tissue-equivalent materials using inorganic gel mixtures. PMID- 7127010 TI - Aspiration of metallic mercury: clinical significance. PMID- 7127011 TI - Retroperitoneal cystic lymphangioma. PMID- 7127012 TI - Isolated dextrogastria. PMID- 7127013 TI - Transient portal venous gas in necrotizing enterocolitis. PMID- 7127014 TI - Ultrasonic diagnosis of biliary ascariasis: "a bull's eye in the triple O". PMID- 7127015 TI - Embolization of an intrapancreatic aneurysm. PMID- 7127016 TI - Further evidence for the absence of a hypoxic fraction in the 9L rat tumour multicellular spheroid system. PMID- 7127017 TI - Promulgation of the international measurement system for photon and electron irradiation. Report from the Consultative Committee on Standards for the Measurement of Ionizing Radiations (CCEMRI), Section I, X Rays, Gamma Rays and Electrons. PMID- 7127018 TI - The future in radiology: the Mayneord Symposium. PMID- 7127021 TI - Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of liver focal lesions ultrasonically guided with a real-time probe. Report on 126 cases. AB - Ultrasonically guided fine-needle biopsy of focal liver lesions was performed in 126 patients to obtain a definitive diagnosis. Percutaneous target puncture and tissue aspiration were guided by a real-time linear-array probe with a central canal for needle insertion. The procedure is simple and rapidly performed; a correct cytological diagnosis was established in 94% of the punctured masses. No adverse reactions of clinical significance were observed. Fine-needle biopsy with ultrasound guidance by real-time scanning may be the procedure of choice to obtain a tissue diagnosis in patients with hepatic masses. PMID- 7127020 TI - Prevalence of lung nodules on computed tomography of patients without known malignant disease. PMID- 7127019 TI - Scintigraphy in the evaluation of potential fracture healing: a clinical study of tibial fractures. PMID- 7127022 TI - The relationship between hypoalbuminaemia and the radiological appearances of the jejunum in tropical sprue. AB - Hypoalbuminaemia has been implicated as a possible cause of the radiological abnormalities of the small intestine in tropical sprue. Barium follow-through examination was performed in 35 southern Indian patients with documented tropical sprue, and jejunal width and fold pattern abnormalities were compared with those of a local age-matched control group. Although hypoalbuminaemia was present in 66% of patients with tropical sprue, in only one case was an increase in jejunal calibre associated with a serum albumin concentration below 27 g/l, the threshold below which jejunal dilatation occurs in hypoalbuminaemia alone. These findings suggest that other factors, such as the extent of the mucosal injury, are likely to be more important than hypoalbuminaemia in producing jejunal dilatation in this condition. Abnormalities of fold pattern occurred more frequently than increase in jejunal calibre and appear to be a more sensitive indicator of disease. PMID- 7127023 TI - Real time movie images by NMR. PMID- 7127024 TI - Panoramic sialography: an alternative technique. AB - Pantomographic sialography, referred to in this paper as panoramic sialography, was performed on 30 out of 51 patients. In 21 patients, it proved to be a good alternative technique to conventional sialography whilst in the other nine patients it was the principal method used to study the salivary glands. The techniques employed in this study for both conventional and panoramic methods are described. The radiation dose delivered to the patients was similar for both techniques. Water soluble contrast medium, Conray (325), was used in all cases. PMID- 7127025 TI - The role of computed tomography in the management of soft tissue sarcomas. AB - Seventy-seven patients with soft tissue sarcoma underwent computed tomography (CT) between 1977 and 1981. The results have been analysed to determine the characteristics of these tumours on CT, the accuracy of CT in predicting resectability and in the detection of distant metastases, and the influence of CT findings on patient management. The majority of tumours appeared as masses which were well-defined, either by surrounding soft tissue planes or because the tumour had a significantly different attenuation value to the surrounding tissues. No correlation was found between the characteristics on CT and the tumour histology. A prediction of operability based on the CT appearances was compared with the surgical findings in 24 patients. This prediction was correct in 22 patients (92%) and further useful surgical information was provided in 11 patients (46%). A comparison of the CT findings with those of chest radiography, including whole lung tomography, showed that CT demonstrated a significantly larger number of pulmonary metastases. CT was also useful in revealing unsuspected local recurrences in four of 18 patients although one false positive diagnosis was made. Overall, the information provided by CT altered the clinical management in 18 patients (23%); the most important change was that surgery was avoided. Computed tomography should be regarded as the investigation of choice for the assessment of the primary or locally recurrent tumour and the detection of "occult" pulmonary metastases. PMID- 7127026 TI - A Monte Carlo derivation of parameters for use in the tissue dosimetry of medium and low energy nuclides. AB - A technique for deriving the tissue-absorbed dose resulting from the use of a selection of nuclides commonly employed in brachytherapy is given. The various parameters required have been obtained from a Monte Carlo computer program which derives tissue attenuation data from the equations of White and Fitzgerald (1977a). Some inconsistencies in the data used to obtain the equations are noted and corrected. Useful results are presented and, in particular, possible dosimetric errors associated with the clinical use of 125I seeds are highlighted. PMID- 7127028 TI - Radiation doses to radiologists in the west of Scotland. PMID- 7127027 TI - The effect of irradiation on function in self-renewing normal tissues with differing proliferative organisation. AB - The primary effect of irradiation on self-renewing normal tissues is sterilisation of their proliferative cells, but how this translates into failure of tissue function depends on the mode of organisation of the tissue concerned. It has recently been suggested (Michalowski, 1981) that proliferative normal tissues may be classed as "hierarchical" (like haemopoietic tissues) or as "flexible" (like liver parenchyma) and that radiation injury to tissue function develops by different pathways in these tissues. Mathematical model studies confirm the different radiation responses of differently organized tissues. Tissues of the "flexible" or "F-type" category display a variety of novel radiobiological properties, different from those of the more familiar "hierarchical" or "H-type" tissues. The "F-type" responses are strongly influenced by radiation-sterilised ("doomed") cells, and it is suggested that the role of "doomed" cells has been undervalued relative to that of clonogenic survivors. Since "F-type" tissues have characteristically low rates of cell renewal, it is possible that these tissues are preferentially responsible for late effects of irradiation in clinical radiotherapy. PMID- 7127029 TI - Extradural "plumboma". A rare cause of acquired spinal stenosis. PMID- 7127030 TI - Lymphangiectasia of the colon and small intestine. PMID- 7127031 TI - The precision of dose calculation and the activity distribution of Selectron sources. PMID- 7127033 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and its safety implications: follow-up of 181 patients. PMID- 7127032 TI - Contrasting regrowth delay responses of a murine tumour to isocurative hyperthermia or X irradiation. PMID- 7127034 TI - Operative approach to cancer of the head of the pancreas and the peri-ampullary region. AB - A retrospective study was made of 75 consecutive patients treated for a tumour of the head of the pancreas and the peri-ampullary region from January 1978 to August 1981. These patients underwent either pancreatic resection- pancreatoduodenectomy (n = 24) and total pancreatectomy (n = 10)--palliative procedures (n = 29) or exploratory laparotomy (n = 12). Clinical signs and diagnostic procedures, such as ultrasonography and coeliac arteriography, were studied for their value in preoperative assessment of operability. Vaso-invasion, as revealed by arteriography and, to a lesser extent, ultrasonographic signs of a tumour and the absence of jaundice were poor prognostic signs. The operative mortality was 8 per cent for the group as a whole, but somewhat higher (13 per cent) for the group that underwent pancreatoduodenectomy. No patient died after total pancreatectomy. The operative mortality was 27 per cent in all patients aged 70 years or older, but only 3 per cent in patients under 70 years. One-year patient survival was 94 per cent after pancreatoduodenectomy for peri-ampullary cancer and 57 per cent after resection for cancer of the head of the pancreas. The results of this study point to pancreatic resection as the treatment of choice for resectable tumours of the peri-ampullary region and the head of the pancreas in patients under 70 years of age. Coeliac arteriography and ultrasonography have been found to be useful for preoperative classification of tumour stage. PMID- 7127035 TI - The treatment of autonomous functioning thyroid nodules. AB - The clinical features and management of 90 thyrotoxic and 11 euthyroid patients with a single autonomous hot nodule in the thyroid have been reviewed to assess the results of surgery and radio-iodine therapy. Symptoms and signs of thyrotoxicosis were often minimal but histories were frequently long with cardiac complications predominating. Thyrotoxicosis was permanently eradicated in the 60 patients treated surgically, although hypothyroidism occurred in 6.6 per cent. Twelve of the 37 (32 per cent thyrotoxic patients receiving radio-iodine needed further definitive treatment for persistent or recurrent thyrotoxicosis, but only 2 patients (5 per cent) became hypothyroid. Early surgery for the autonomous toxic thyroid nodule ensures control of the thyroid overactivity and minimizes the risk of permanent cardiac damage. The absence of morbidity justifies surgical excision of autonomous hot nodules in patients who are euthyroid to eliminate the risk of thyrotoxicosis supervening. PMID- 7127037 TI - The identification of patients at high risk following curative resection for colorectal carcinoma. AB - Thirty-five consecutive patients undergoing apparently curative resection for colorectal carcinoma were staged by conventional methods (Dukes', degree of tumor differentiation and pre- and postoperative CEA). In addition, the presence or absence of occult hepatic metastases at the time of surgery was determined by sequential CT scanning. Thirteen patients died within 30 months of surgery. Conventional prognostic indices failed to define clearly those patients who died. In contrast, the presence or absence of occult hepatic metastases at the time of surgery clearly defined two groups of patients. Only 9 per cent of patients who possessed occult hepatic metastases survived 30 months compared with 88 per cent of patients in whom these metastases were not detected. The clinical implications of these results are discussed. PMID- 7127036 TI - The Hartmann procedure. AB - During a 10-year period, 59 patients had a Hartmann operation for diverticular disease (n = 19), carcinoma (n = 21), anastomotic disruption (n = 5), injury (n = 3) and various other conditions (n = 11). Twenty-two patients (37.3 per cent) died postoperatively. Wound infection or wound dehiscence occurred in 26 patients. Other complications inherent in this operation were colostomy necrosis or retraction (n = 12) and leakage of the rectal stump (n = 3). The mean hospital stay of the surviving patients was 28.4 days. Colorectal continuity was subsequently restored in 12 patients (32.4 per cent) and no difficulties were encountered with this procedure. PMID- 7127038 TI - Psoas abscess in Crohn's disease. AB - In a series of 161 patients treated surgically for Crohn's disease, 7 patients were seen with a psoas abscess as a complication of the bowel disease. Drainage only was not sufficient to check the rapid downhill course in these patients. Resection of the underlying bowel disease was performed in all patients. There was one death from pulmonary embolism and 3 patients required drainage on more than one occasion. PMID- 7127039 TI - Surgical treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts. PMID- 7127040 TI - The control of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma xenografts in nude mice by hormone therapy. PMID- 7127041 TI - The 'acute' abdomen in heroin addiction. AB - Twenty-two heroin addicts admitted with an acute abdomen to the surgical department in the years 1971-1981 were reviewed. Fifteen patients had symptoms suggesting intestinal obstruction, 7 proved to have pseudo-obstruction, 4 had withdrawal symptoms, 2 had faecal impaction and only 2 had adhesions which necessitated operation. A haematocrit level of more than 0.46 was found to be indicative of true obstruction. Frequently, elevation of the white blood cell count or erythrocyte sedimentation rate merely reflected a state of accompanying soft tissue infections which were very common in these patients. The remaining 7 patients were admitted with intra-abdominal inflammation, 2 patients had an appendix mass, 1 had gonococcal peritonitis, 3 had appendicitis and 1 had a normal appendix removed. In these 7 patients the history and physical findings were characteristic of the suspected pathology. PMID- 7127043 TI - The effect of split ileostomy on perianal Crohn's disease. AB - The effect of 32 split ileostomies on 29 patients with severe symptomatic perianal Crohn's disease is reported. The perianal disease improved or healed after 23 (72 per cent) split ileostomies, although it relapsed in 2 patients while diverted and in 6 after closure of split ileostomy. Seven of 12 rectovaginal fistulas healed initially but only remained healed in those patients without rectal involvement with disease. At the time of review 6 patients have normal bowel continuity, 8 have had proctocolectomies and 15 are still defunctioned. Split ileostomy should be considered as an initial step in the management of intractable perianal disease. PMID- 7127042 TI - Rectal, bladder and sexual function after mucosal proctectomy with and without a pelvic reservoir for colitis and polyposis. PMID- 7127044 TI - The value of the small bowel enema to the general surgeon. AB - Lesions of the small bowel are notoriously difficult to diagnose, many only coming to light at laparotomy. At this hospital the small bowel enema has been used for radiology of the small bowel for many years. The procedure is uncomfortable for the patient, as intubation of the proximal small bowel is essential, and for the radiologist it can be very time-consuming. A review of patients referred by the general surgeons over the past 5 years has demonstrated the value of the technique. It has proved to be accurate in over 90 per cent of cases with only 2 per cent false negative and 1 per cent false positive results. The most common diagnosis has been Crohn's disease which can be very accurately assessed. Other lesions diagnosed include lymphoma, involvement by metastases, benign stricture and adhesions. A normal results has prevented an unnecessary laparotomy in several patients. It is concluded that this technique is the most satisfactory method for radiology of the small bowel and it should be much more widely available. PMID- 7127045 TI - The value of routine peroperative cholangiography--a report of 4000 cholecystectomies. AB - A total of 4000 consecutive cholecystectomies performed over a period of 25 years has been analysed to determine whether routine peroperative cholangiography (PC) has influenced overall mortality. The patients have been divided into four cohorts of 1000, the first cohort before the introduction of PC, two covering the period of introduction of PC and the final cohort when PC was an established routine. A significant fall in overall mortality has been demonstrated, but when the patients are divided into simple cholecystectomy and the group undergoing additional choledochotomy there is no significant fall in the mortality rate. The mortality rate for the latter group is three or four times greater than that for the cholecystectomy alone group. The main contribution to the lower mortality is the reduced duct exploration rate following the introduction of PC. The stone recovery rate has improved from 34 to 71 per cent. The use of routine PC during cholecystectomy is recommended. PMID- 7127046 TI - Results of highly selective vagotomy in a non-university teaching hospital. AB - Clinical and laboratory results are presented of 229 patients treated by highly selective vagotomy for duodenal ulcer in a non-university teaching hospital. Sixty-two per cent of the operations were performed by residents as part of their training. After 1-8 years follow-up (97 per cent complete) there were 22 recurrences (9.6 per cent). The residents had fewer recurrences than the consultants, but their patients follow-up was shorter. The usual Visick grading is presented (1, 2: 83.5 per cent; 3, 4: 16.5 per cent) as well as an additional way of grading described by Visick in 1948 which suggests that 4 per cent appear to be permanent failures. Mortality rate was 0.4 per cent, complications rate was low and side effects were in general of minor importance. Laboratory results are presented showing that the basal acid output (BAO) was reduced permanently by 65 per cent, and the PAO by 50 per cent. In patients with recurrences BAO was not reduced and the PAO was less reduced than in the non-recurrence group. Metabolic parameters did not deteriorate. Basal serum gastrin rose after operation while serum vitamin B12 remained constant with a minimal tendency to decrease. PMID- 7127047 TI - Parotid fistulas: a review. AB - A series of 17 cases of parotid fistulas seen at one hospital over a 10-year period is presented with detailed analysis of aetiological factors, clinical presentation and therapy. Distinctions between glandular and ductal fistulas have been enumerated and the poorer prognosis of the ductal fistulas, especially of the proximal part, is emphasized. Two-thirds of the fistulas were iatrogenic. Malignancy and oral leucoplakia were unusual causes. Direct duct suture is rarely successful. Ablative surgery carries a significant risk of facial nerve injury. A wide choice of treatment exists for glandular and distal duct fistulas, while for the proximal duct injuries excision is usually necessary. A new alternative operation of vein grafting for such cases is described. Successful closure is obtained in only 50 per cent of patients with long standing fistulas with any method of treatment. PMID- 7127048 TI - Long term results of truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty for gastric ulcer. AB - The results of truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty for gastric, prepyloric and combined ulcers in 215 patients were evaluated 9-15 years after operation. The operative mortality was 1.9 per cent, and the recurrence rates in gastric, prepyloric and combined ulcer patients were 8, 13 and 0 per cent respectively. Recurrent ulceration was significantly related to acid secretion. The functional results were not different in patients with gastric and prepyloric ulcers, but significantly better in the small group with combined ulcer than in the group with prepyloric ulcer. No long term weight changes were seen. Gastric cancer was the cause of death in 2 men and 1 woman treated for gastric ulcer. PMID- 7127049 TI - Measurement of gastric emptying after gastric bypass surgery using radionuclides. AB - The pattern of gastric emptying has been assessed after gastric bypass surgery using a double isotope technique for measuring solid and liquid emptying with a scintillation camera. Eleven control subjects and 12 patients, 12 months post gastric bypass, were studied. Stomal and gastric pouch size were assessed at endoscopy. Solid emptying was slower and liquid emptying was more rapid after gastric bypass surgery. Initial rapid emptying of solid occurred in the 4 patients with the smallest pouch diameters. There was no correlation between stomal size and rates of solid or liquid emptying nor between the weight loss produced by the operation and the rates of solid or liquid emptying, stoma or pouch size. PMID- 7127050 TI - The influence of delayed feeding on postoperative vomiting in hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. PMID- 7127051 TI - Urinary stones in subjects with a permanent ileostomy. AB - The prevalence of urinary stones in a group of subjects living with a permanent ileostomy has been determined by intravenous urography. Thirty-nine of the ileostomists had previously suffered from ulcerative colitis, while the remaining 12 suffered from Crohn's disease. Four of the ileostomists who had had ulcerative colitis had urinary stones (10.3 per cent). These four subjects were all male, so that among the 23 male ileostomists who had had ulcerative colitis 17.4 per cent had urinary stones. No urinary stones were found in the ileostomists with Crohn's disease. Various factors thought to be associated with a liability to urolithiasis have been examined in the ileostomists and also in a control group of 39 healthy subjects matched for age and sex with the ileostomists who had had ulcerative colitis. The ileostomists commonly showed a reduced urinary volume, a low urinary sodium and magnesium content and low urinary pH. The ileostomists were much more prone to be hyperuricaemic than the controls, and hyperuricaemia was strongly associated with the presence of urinary stones. PMID- 7127052 TI - The ultrasonic demonstration of portacaval and interposition mesocaval shunts. PMID- 7127053 TI - Surgical Research Society abstracts. PMID- 7127054 TI - Surgical manpower and training. PMID- 7127055 TI - Mitogenic responses of hamsters infected with Treponema pertenue Lack of correlation with passive transfer of resistance. AB - Infection of the CB/Ss Lak hamster with Treponema pertenue is characterised by chronic cutaneous lesions and lymph nodes teeming with treponemes. Throughout the course of infection lymph node and spleen cells responded poorly to the mitogens concanavalin A, phytohaemagglutinin, and lipopolysaccharide. This impairment preceded clinical signs of infection and correlated well with the chronicity of framboesial infection. High concentrations of antigen from T pertenue, but not from the non-pathogenic Treponema phagedenis, depressed the mitogenic response of normal lymphoid cells. After framboesial hamsters were treated with penicillin the mitogenic activities of their lymph node and spleen cells were similar to or slightly raised above those of controls. No significant differences were detected among recipients of framboesial immune cells with or without mitogenic activity. Recipients of immune lymph node and spleen cells from penicillin-treated or non penicillin-treated animals had no cutaneous lesions 21 days after infection and had significantly lower lymph node weights and fewer treponemes per node than recipients of cells from normal penicillin-treated or non-penicillin-treated animals. Since lymphocyte transformation in vitro does not correlate with in-vivo treponemicidal activity, it is not a valid approach to assess the protective immune capacity of the framboesial host. PMID- 7127056 TI - Depression of natural killer cell activity by syphilitic serum and immune complexes. AB - Consecutive serum samples were obtained from patients with syphilis before and on three occasions after treatment. The sera contained immunosuppresive factors associated with the immunoglobulin fraction, which could depress the natural killer cell activity of healthy controls. There was no evidence that allogeneic or lymphocytotoxic antibodies played a role in immuno-suppression, which could be reproduced with both soluble and insoluble antigen-IgG-antibody complexes. PMID- 7127059 TI - Anthelmintics for ruminants. PMID- 7127058 TI - Penicillin concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid after benzathine penicillin and probenecid in the treatment of syphilis. PMID- 7127057 TI - Anaerobes in men with urethritis. AB - Sixty-four men with non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU), seven with gonococcal urethritis (GU), and 30 who had no symptoms or signs of urethritis were studied. Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from urethral specimens taken from 22% of the men with NGU, and 18% with GU, but not from those who did not have urethritis even though 20 (67%) of them had a history of NGU, GU, or both. The chlamydial isolation rate for men having NGU for the first time was 30%. Ureaplasma urealyticum was isolated from 42% of the men with NGU, 43% of men with GU, and 27% of those without urethritis.In addition to aerobes anaerobes were isolated frequently from men whether or not they had urethritis, the most common being anaerobic Corynebacteria, peptococci, and micro-organisms of the Bacteroides Fusobacteria group. There was no appreciable difference in the overall isolation of anaerobes from men with NGU (89%) or from those without disease (80%). The rate of isolation of a Gram-negative anaerobic bacillus from men with NGU (50%) was, however, strikingly different to that from men with GU (14%) or from those without disease (13%). Furthermore, this bacillus was recovered from 28 (56%) of 50 men with NGU who were considered chlamydia-negative and from 19 (61%) of 31 men who were both chlamydia-negative and ureaplasma-negative. The effect of antibiotic treatment was evaluated in a few patients only, so that although those from whom the Gram-negative bacillus was eliminated by tetracycline recovered clinically there is a need for a prospective therapeutic trial to evaluate further the importance of the bacillus. PMID- 7127060 TI - The distribution of Babesia divergens infection within the cattle population of Northern Ireland. PMID- 7127061 TI - Changes in plasma calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and hydroxyproline concentrations in ewes from twelve weeks before until three weeks after lambing. PMID- 7127062 TI - Dexamethasone-induced parturition in sheep. PMID- 7127064 TI - Sudden and unexpected deaths in horses: a review of 69 cases. PMID- 7127065 TI - Attempts to develop a milk progesterone radioimmunoassay on paper strips. PMID- 7127063 TI - The effect of time of sampling in relation to time of suckling on milk progesterone levels in beef cows. PMID- 7127066 TI - Immunoassays for steroid hormones using radioiodinated tracers. PMID- 7127068 TI - A direct radioimmunoassay for oestrone sulphate in milk. PMID- 7127067 TI - Oestradiol-17 beta profiles in defatted bovine milk as determined by direct radioimmunoassay. PMID- 7127069 TI - Organization of efferent projections from the internal segment of globus pallidus in primate as revealed by fluorescence retrograde labeling method. AB - The exact cellular origin and the degree of collateralization of the major efferent projections from the internal segment of globus pallidus (GPi) in squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) were studied using Evans blue (EB) and a mixture of DAPI-primuline (DP) as retrograde fluorescent tracers. After the concomitant injection of EB in VA/VL thalamic nuclei and of DP in habenula on the same side, numerous EB-labeled cells were found in the central portion of GPi compared to a much smaller number of DP-labeled neurons mostly encountered at the periphery of GPi. Only very few double-labeled cells were visualized in these experiments indicating that the pallidohabenular and pallidothalamic pathways arise largely from two different cell populations, each having a preferential distribution in GPi. On the other hand, a multitude of both EB- and DP-labeled cells occurred in the central portion of GPi after the concomitant injection of EB in VA/VL nuclei and of DP in nucleus tegmenti pedunculopontinus of the midbrain tegmentum. Although the EB-labeled cells tend to be more abundant in the dorsolateral half, and the DP-labeled cells more numerous in the ventromedial half of GPi, about 70-75% of the cells in the core of GPi were double-labeled in such a case. This indicates that the pallidothalamic and pallidotegmental fibers arise largely from the same neurons in the core of GPi. A number of DP-labeled cells was also found in the contralateral GPi revealing that the pallidotegmental pathway is partly (15-20%) crossed. In addition, numerous DP-labeled cells (projecting to brain stem) occurred in the medial two-thirds of the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), whereas EB-labeled cells (projecting to the thalamus) abounded in the lateral third of SNr. A small number of double-labeled SNr cells were also encountered after thalamus-midbrain injection. These findings suggest that in regard to its output elements, the primate GPi is organized according to a complex pattern consisting of: (1) a central 'motor' zone where most neurons send axonal branches to both thalamus and midbrain; and (2) a peripheral 'limbic' zone which encroaches largely upon the lateral hypothalamus and whose cells project only to habenula. These two pallidal zones are furthermore embedded in a peripallidal neuronal network composed of large acetylcholinesterase-containing cells related to nucleus basalis and projecting diffusely to neocortex. PMID- 7127074 TI - Sequence organization of rat brain mitochondrial DNA. AB - The sequence organization of rat brain and liver mitochondrial (mt) DNA has been characterized using restriction endonucleases HindIII, BamHI, HhaI, and HaeIII. There is no evidence of heterogeneity on the base sequence of liver or brain mt DNA. The liver and brain mtDNAs were found to produce identical DNA fragments using these enzymes. Both the liver and brain mtDNA were analyzed by enzymatic digestions using HpaII/MspI. There was no evidence of the presence of methylated cytosine residues. Six different recombinant DNA molecules were analyzed by HindIII restriction digests and found to contain all of the 6 mtDNA fragments. Recombinant DNA molecules were analyzed for their molecular sizes by electron microscopy. The recombinant DNAs again showed the mtDNA fragments to have the right molecular weight. The molecular sizes of the recombinant DNA molecules were found to be 10.4, 7.4, 6.1, 5.7, 4.7 and 4.1 kilobase pairs (kbp). These molecular sizes reflect the insertion of 6.1, 3.8, 2.3, 1.9, 0.8 and 0.1 kbp HindIII mtDNA fragments in pBR322. The presence of mtDNA fragments in recombinant DNA molecules was also confirmed by hybridizing the nick translated brain mtDNA with Southern transfers of the recombinant DNA molecules. PMID- 7127070 TI - Adjacent laminar terminations of two centrifugal afferent pathways to the accessory olfactory bulb in the mouse. AB - Anterograde and retrograde axonal tracing methods have been combined with transection of the stria terminalis to investigate the centrifugal afferent connections of the accessory olfactory bulb in the mouse. Injection of tritiated proline into the postero-medial cortical amygdaloid nucleus (C3) gives rise to anterograde autoradiographic labelling of a pathway terminating in the internal granular layer of the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB). Transection of the ipsilateral stria terminalis completely abolishes labelling of this pathway. Injections further rostral, in the bed nucleus of the accessory olfactory tract (bnAOT) and medial amygdaloid nucleus (M), give rise to labelling of a second ipsilateral afferent pathway to the AOB which terminates in the internal plexiform layer (IPL) and is unaffected by strial transection. Injections of wheat germ lectin-HRP conjugate into the AOB confirm that it receives afferents from the ipsilateral bnAOT, M and C3, and from a few cells in the contralateral C3. Transection of the ipsilateral stria terminalis prevents retrograde labelling of any cells in the ipsilateral C3, but does not affect labelling of cells in M or bnAOT (or contralateral C3). The conjugate is also transported anterogradely in this system, labelling the efferent projections of the AOB to bnAOT, M and C3. It is concluded that the AOB receives at least two sets of ipsilateral afferents: one set from C3, via the stria terminalis, terminating in the internal granular layer, and a second set from M and/or bnAOT terminating in the IPL and probably running in the accessory olfactory tract. PMID- 7127072 TI - Locus coeruleus lesions and resistance to extinction of a classically conditioned response: involvement of the neocortex and hippocampus. AB - Bilateral electrolytic lesions of the locus coeruleus were made in rabbits prior to classical conditioning of the nictitating membrane (NM) response. After recovery, the animals received one session of unpaired training followed by 3 days of paired acquisition training and 4 days of unpaired training (extinction). At the end of extinction norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) levels were measured in several brain regions. Each lesioned animal was placed into one of two groups according to whether or not the animal exhibited a significant depletion of cortical/hippocampal NE. A third group was formed by non-lesioned controls. There were no significant differences between the 3 groups during acquisition; however, during days 3 and 4 of unpaired extinction the group with cortical/hippocampal NE depletion showed significantly larger NM responses on the conditioned stimulus-alone trials than either of the two control groups. This extinction deficit appeared mainly in the unconditioned stimulus-period component of the tone-alone conditioned responses. The magnitude of the extinction deficit was highly correlated with the depletion of NE in both cortical and hippocampal samples but not with the depletion of NE in the hypothalamus/mid-thalamus, or cerebellum. PMID- 7127073 TI - Cross-correlation analysis of midbrain reticular neuron pairs during sleep-waking cycle of the cat. AB - By simultaneously inserting three extracellular microelectrodes, separated by 1.0 mm from each other, into the cat's midbrain reticular formation (MRF), temporal cross-correlation of firing of neuron pairs was measured to investigate the mode of interaction among the MRF neurons during different states of sleep and wakefulness. None of 97 neurons pairs studied gave clear-cut cross-correlograms suggesting cascade connection between two neurons. However, 29 neuron pairs showed weakly synchronized firing which occurred periodically with a mean interval of 1.23 s. This interval was different from the respiratory cycle. The rhythmic synchronization appeared most obviously during slow wave sleep. The synchronized firing was encountered more often in the pairs of adjacent neurons picked up with a single electrode and in the pairs picked up with separate electrodes positioned along the mediolateral axis, when compared with the neuron pairs located along the rostrocaudal axis. About 80% of the neurons (37 our of 46) which showed periodically synchronized discharge had no corresponding periodicity in their auto-correlograms. Simple synaptic linkage conceivable for the observed periodic synchronization of a neuron pair would be shared inhibition with the common inhibitory source activated periodically. Some neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus and in the solitary tract nucleus were also examined for the cross-correlation with the MRF neurons. However, no positive relationship was found. PMID- 7127075 TI - Influence of transient ischemia on lipid-soluble antioxidants, free fatty acids and energy metabolites in rat brain. PMID- 7127071 TI - The effect of light exposure following an intraocular injection of [3H]N acetylmannosamine on the labeling of gangliosides and glycoproteins of retina ganglion cells and optic tectum of singly caged chickens. AB - Ten-day-old chickens that after a 2-day-period of adaptation to dark received an intraocular injection of [3H]N-acetylamannosamine ([3H]ManNAc) and were exposed, individually housed, to light, have more labeling in the gangliosides and glycoproteins of the ganglion cell layer of retina and in the contralateral optic tectum compared to their counterparts that remained in darkness. No differences were found in the labeling of the acid soluble fraction of the ganglion cell layer between the animals in dark and light at 0.5 and 5 h after the injection of [3H]ManNAc. No differences could be observed in the quality or storage of the gangliosides labeled in light with respect to those labeled in dark, but those labeled in light had a higher percent of labeling released by neuraminidase at 5 h after the intraocular injection of the labelled precursor. In animals exposed to intermittent light, the increased labeling with respect to dark was smaller than that found in animals exposed continuously to light. PMID- 7127076 TI - Interlimb coordination during stepping in the cat: in-phase stepping and gait transitions. AB - The coordination of step cycles between all 4 limbs during in-phase stepping and during transitions to and from alternate stepping was studied in 12 adult cats during repeated overground stepping trials. The temporal spacing of step cycles of the different limbs was determined from analysis of electromyographic (EMG) activity in a single extensor muscle of each limb. Patterns of coordination of the different limbs were established on the basis of the frequency with which phase values separating step cycles were encountered. Steps in which the phasing of step cycles of the two hindlimbs were closer to true in-phase coordination than true alternation (phase between 270 degrees and 90 degrees) and where similar coupling was found in both the preceding and following steps were defined as steady state conditions. Distinct patterns of coordination of forelimb forelimb and forelimb-hindlimb step cycles were noted under steady state conditions. During stepping sequences which include transitions either to or from alternate stepping, both gradual and abrupt phase changes were found. The changes in both forelimb-forelimb and forelimb-hindlimb phase relationships were more often gradual than abrupt. Where abrupt changes were encountered in the change in phase relationships between one such limb pair the phase change in the other pair was gradual. Changes in hindlimb-hindlimb phase relationships during transitions were nearly always abrupt. It is concluded that the 4 limbs are coordinated during in-phase stepping according to a few patterns, but that the variability about these patterns makes their association with simple neural circuitry rather speculative. The finding that transitions were most often gradual is interpreted in terms of a state-dependent model of interlimb control, in which the type of transition utilized depends on the strength of neural coupling of step cycles of all 4 limbs at the time that the transition is initiated. PMID- 7127078 TI - The effects of des-enkephalin-gamma-endorphin and des-Tyr1-a-endorphin on regional serotonin metabolism in rat brain. AB - Des-enkephalin-gamma-endorphin (beta-endorphin6-17; DE gamma E) causes a significant reduction of the serotonin concentration of the raphe area of the mesencephalon and of the dorsal hippocampus of the rat. DE gamma E does not, however, alter the pargyline-induced accumulation of serotonin in either of these two brain regions or in the mediobasal hypothalamus. Des-Tyr1-a-endorphin (beta endorphin2-16; DTaE), on the other hand, inhibits the accumulation of serotonin following MAO-inhibition by pargyline in all 3 brain regions, while, in addition to causing a transient reduction in the serotonin concentration of the raphe area, it decreases the serotonin concentration of the mediobasal hypothalamus. These results indicate that DE gamma E and DTaE, which have been shown to exert opposite effects on behavior in various behavioral tests, both affect regional serotonin metabolism in rat brain and that they do so differently. PMID- 7127077 TI - Thalamo-hyperstriatal projections in the pigeon (Columbia livia) as demonstrated by retrograde double-labeling with fluorescent tracers. AB - Thalamo-hyperstriatal projections were studied in the pigeon by retrograde thalamic labeling following bilateral injections of different combinations of fluorescent substances (Fast Blue, Evans Blue, Nuclear Yellow) into the hyperstriatum. The distribution of single and double-labeled neurons within the thalamic nuclei dorsolateralis anterior and superficialis parvocellularis indicated the presence of distinct functional sub-regions containing neuronal populations providing ascending projections which were either ipsilateral, contralateral or bilateral via collateral axon branching. PMID- 7127079 TI - Contribution of the amygdala to the development of spontaneous hypertension. PMID- 7127081 TI - Formation of malonaldehyde and focal brain edema induced by subpial injection of FeCl2 into rat isocortex. AB - Subpial injection of iron salts or iron-containing blood products into rat isocortex induces recurrent epileptiform discharges coupled with cavitary necrosis and gliosis. Since aqueous iron or heme compounds cause formation of superoxide radicals and peroxidation of membrane lipids, we studied the rate of formation of malonaldehyde (MDA) after subpial injection of 5 microliters of various concentrations of FeCl2 and CoCl2. Injection of CoCl2 failed to alter isocortical MDA levels. However, significant formation of MDA occurred after injection of 25, 50 and 100 mM FeCl2 into rat isocortex. Formation of peak MDA levels of 13.4 +/- 1.0 nmol.mg protein-1 occurred at 15 in to 1 h after 100 mM FeCl2 injection; levels returned to equal control by 12 h. Tissue fluid accumulation occurred by 2 h after FeCl2 injection and persisted for 38 h. Histopathologic assessment using Nissl staining of tissue from the injection site showed loss of cellular staining, coagulation necrosis, and accumulation of macrophages and glial cells. Although these experiments showed the initiation of lipid peroxidation and formation of focal isocortical edema by injection of aqueous solutions of iron salts, we speculate that decompartmentalization of iron red blood cells after trauma, cerebral hemorrhage or infarction may be important in the propagation of tissue damage from such injuries. PMID- 7127082 TI - Systemic morphine blocks the seizures induced by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of opiates and opioid peptides. AB - Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of the endorphins and of morphine in rats produce highly characteristic, naloxone sensitive, electrographic seizures. In contrast, systemic injections of morphine have been shown to exert a marked anticonvulsant effect. The present study demonstrates that systemic morphine pretreatment can prevent the occurrence of electrographic seizures injected by i.c.v. morphine, Leu-enkephalin and beta-endorphin and that the anti-epileptic effect of morphine can be reversed by naloxone. Male albino rats, previously prepared for chronic i.c.v. injections and EEG recordings, were pretreated with 0 -100 mg/kg of intraperitoneal (i.p.) morphine. Thirty five minutes later morphine (520 nmol), Leu-enkephalin (80 nmol) or beta-endorphin (5 nmol) were injected i.c.v. Pretreatment with i.p. morphine blocked the occurrence of seizures induced by morphine and both endogenous opioids. Lower doses of systemic morphine (50 mg/kg) were necessary to block i.c.v. morphine seizures than the dose (100 mg/kg) necessary to block seizures induced by i.c.v. Leu-enkephalin and beta-endorphin. Naloxone (1 mg/kg) administered 25 min following 50 mg/kg of i.p. morphine and preceding the injections of i.c.v. morphine reversed the antiepileptic effect of systemic morphine. These results demonstrate the possible existence of two opiate sensitive systems, one with excitatory-epileptogenic effects and the other possessing inhibitory-antiepileptic properties. The possible relationship between these findings and the known heterogeneity of opiate receptors and opiate actions is discussed. PMID- 7127083 TI - Metabolic mapping of the rat brain involved in thermoregulatory responses using the [14C]2-deoxyglucose technique. PMID- 7127080 TI - Changes in populations of cholinergic binding sites in brain after chronic exposure to barbital in rats. AB - Male rats were treated with barbital in their drinking fluid for about 40 weeks (daily dose 200 mg/kg). The treatment was stopped on day 0 and the number of muscarinic binding sites was measured in 3 brain parts (striatum; cortex and hippocampus; medulla oblongata and midbrain) during the abstinence with labeled quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) as ligand. Nicotine-like binding sites were quantified in the cortex with labeled tubocurarine. An increased number of QNB binding sites was found in the striatum during the early part of the abstinence (days 0--3), found by another increase later in the abstinence (days 12--21). In the cortex preparation a variable increase in QNB binding was measured from days 2--9 of the abstinence, whereas in the midbrain preparation the QNB binding was found to be increased only on day 9 in comparison to controls. A change in the proportion between high and low affinity muscarinic binding sites (measured by agonist-antagonist competition) was found in the cortex preparation during the period when the QNB binding was increased. Prior to the maximum abstinence convulsions the QNB binding was higher in rats without recorded spontaneous convulsions in comparison to rats with convulsions. A negative correlation between the time after the last convulsion and the number of QNB binding sites was observed in data from rats where the maximum convulsions had occurred before sacrifice. In addition, a negative relationship between the number of muscarine- and nicotine-like binding sites was found in the cortex during days 5--9 of the abstinence. PMID- 7127084 TI - Possible involvement of surface charges in modifying the adrenomedullary secretion induced by high K depolarization. PMID- 7127086 TI - Inhibition of dopamine release by melatonin: regional distribution in the rat brain. AB - Dopamine release evoked by electrical field stimulation of slices from various regions of rat brain was assessed in the presence of 10-10-10-5 M melatonin. Inhibition of dopamine release by melatonin was observed in the ventral hippocampus, medulla pons, preoptic area and median and posterior hypothalamus. No inhibitory effect of melatonin on dopamine release was observed in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, dorsal hippocampus and striatum. Equal concentrations of melatonin were needed to produce half-maximal inhibition in all the regions affected. The results indicate that the brain sites for inhibitory effect of melatonin on dopamine neurosecretion overlap the sites reportedly involved in its modulation of neuroendocrine functions. PMID- 7127087 TI - N6 (L-phenylisopropyl) adenosine (L-PHA) increases slow-wave sleep (S2) and decreases wakefulness in rats. PMID- 7127085 TI - Audiogenic seizure susceptibility of C57BL/6 in equilibrium DBA/2 allophenic mice. AB - Allophenic mice composed of cells from a strain (DBA/2) susceptible to sound induced seizures and cells from a strain (C57BL/6) resistant to them were produced by embryo aggregation techniques. Twenty-eight allophenic mice were tested for audiogenic seizure susceptibility. The results were compared with the genotypic composition of the coat melanocytes. For those animals with a predominance of one genotype or the other in the coat, their seizure phenotype was the same as that of the strain most represented in the coat. In contrast, those animals with major contributions of both genotypes in the coat demonstrated the entire spectrum of susceptibility phenotypes. Such results are likely to be a manifestation of a relatively small target tissue for the genes influencing the development of audiogenic seizure susceptibility. PMID- 7127088 TI - Effects of chronic partial deafferentiation on the electrical properties of lumbar alpha-motoneurones in the cat. AB - Membrane properties of cat spinal alpha-motoneurones were compared in cats following acute and chronic low (L5) spinal section and dorsal rhizotomy (L7--S1) and in cats with intact spinal cord in order to investigate effects of chronic partial deafferentation. The most significant change observed was a decrease in electrotonic length of the chronically deafferented neurones. Calculations showed that this decrease was related to a 15--20% reduction in length of an equivalent cylinder used to represent a motoneurone. Using a compartmental model, calculations showed that the peak voltage produced by a given synaptic input would be increased by 6--36% by chronic section. Such an increase is not sufficient to explain reported increases in EPSP peak amplitudes. Neither peak amplitude (and underlying conductance change) nor duration of the afterhyperpolarizaton were affected by the acute or chronic sections. No obvious changes in the delayed depolarization were observed. The properties of the repetitive discharge induced by intracellular current injection was not altered by chronic section. PMID- 7127089 TI - Neurophysiological studies on superficial medullary chemosensitive area for respiration. AB - In cats anesthetized with chloralose-urethane (40 mg/kg chloralose; 200 mg/kg urethane) pH sensitivity of neurons in the caudal chemosensitive area on the ventrolateral surface of the medulla oblongata was examined while monitoring phrenic nerve activity simultaneously. pH was varied by superfusion of the ventral medullary surface with mock cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of different pH (pH 7.4 control, 7.0 and 7.8). A total of 130 units from 21 cats changed their firing rate in response to CSF-pH changes. These were subdivided into 3 groups. In Group I, 31 respiratory pH sensitive units increased their firing rate in response to decreased mock CSF-pH, noxious pinch, joint movement in contralateral forelimb, and increased inspired CO2. These responses may have originated from respiratory center neurons. Group II consisted of 59 non-respiratory pH sensitive units whose firing rate changed in an inverse manner with CSF-pH changes. Of these, 30 responded to contralateral distal forelimb movement, 15 to hair manipulation, 9 to heavy pressure and 5 to noxious pinch. Increased inspired CO2 (rebreathing) did not modify activity. The response to pH is believed to be from non-specific neurons. Group III consisted of 40 non-respiratory pH sensitive units responding to CSF-pH changes and to increased inspired CO2. The firing rate was irregular, the interval distribution approaching an exponential function. It may be postulated that the impulse frequency of chemosensitive impulses may be irregular at the site of impulse generation, the irregularity decreasing by convergence during transmission to the respiratory centers. The time course of Group III chemosensitive units was similar to phrenic nerve responses. PMID- 7127090 TI - Nerve growth activities in rat peripheral nerve. AB - Nerve growth activities in rat sciatic nerves were assayed by recording the neuritic outgrowth from chick embryonic ganglia cultured in collagen gels beside nerve fragments for two days. Living nerve explants released activity that resembled nerve growth factor (NGF) in its effect on sympathetic ganglia and that was almost totally blocked by an antiserum to 2.5 S mouse NGF. Frozen and thawed specimens from normal nerves elicited responses from sympathetic ganglia that were only partially suppressed by anti-NGF and also induced neuritic outgrowth from ciliary ganglia. Thus, from observations on normal nerves, at least two agents promoting axonal extension in vitro were deduced to exist; one substance similar to NGF plus another, non-NGF factor. The level of NGF-like activity was low in killed segments of normal nerves but higher in autologous nerve grafts and degenerating nerves two days after grafting or cutting. However, one or two weeks after nerve transection, distal nerve segments contained little nerve growth activity of either kind. Furthermore, when endoneurial fragments from chronically denervated stumps were cultured, they appeared to have lost some of their capacity to produce NGF-like activity in vitro although the production of activity had, if anything, increased in the perineurial region. In summary, rat peripheral nervous tissue releases two or more soluble substances that stimulate neuritic outgrowth. The level of one or both activities in the endoneurium can be altered by manipulation of nerves in vivo. PMID- 7127091 TI - Physiological Properties of neurons in different parts of the cat trigeminal sensory complex. AB - The following points emerge from a systematic investigation of the 4 divisions of the cat trigeminal sensory complex. (1) The subnucleus oralis receives a large representation from the oral cavity, a region also represented in the 3 other divisions of the trigeminal sensory complex. (2) Nucleus principalis cells project heavily to the contralateral and to the ipsilateral ventroposterior thalamus. Ipsilateral projections are only from the oral cavity representation. (3) Units responding to noxious mechanical stimulation have been found at two different loci: the subnucleus caudalis for the entire trigeminal area, and subnucleus oralis for the oral cavity alone. (4) The dental pulp projects to the 4 divisions of the trigeminal sensory complex, but the heaviest projection was found in the rostral part (nucleus principalis and subnucleus oralis). (5) Three distinct types of post-synaptic responses were found to be evoked by dental pulp stimulation: (a) short latency, consistent and synaptically secure, (b) strongly variable latency, inconstant and easily fatigued and (c) a class showing progressive enhancement by progressive increase in stimulus intensity and repetition. PMID- 7127092 TI - An ultrastructural study of serially sectioned Renshaw cells. II. Synaptic types. AB - Boutons and synaptic contacts on 17 presumed Renshaw cells were studied ultrastructurally. All 17 neurons were postsynaptic to axon collateral boutons of intracellularly HRP-stained triceps and surae alpha-motoneurons and located in lamina VII, ventromedially to the main motor nuclei. The boutons and synaptic contacts could be classified into two main categories on the basis of synaptic vesicles: S-type boutons with spherical synaptic vesicles and F-type boutons with flattened vesicles, the alpha-motoraxon collateral boutons falling into the S category. In addition, some S-type boutons containing neurofilaments and some being apposed by small presynaptic boutons were observed. The results are discussed to earlier observations on the synaptology of central neurons, particularly spinal alpha-motoneurons. PMID- 7127093 TI - Response plasticity of single neurons in rabbit auditory association cortex during tone-signalled learning. AB - Single unit activity was monitored in rabbit auditory association cortex (AC) throughout the acquisition of classically conditioned, nictitating-membrane response. The CS was a tone burst at the characteristic frequency of each neuron. Rabbits which were pseudoconditioned or received conditioning trials but did not learn the response served as control groups. Significant alterations in CS-evoked firing rate were termed 'response plasticity'. Neurons in conditioned animals were more than twice as likely to show response plasticity during the 250 ms CS US interval than neurons in control animals. Such differences were evident both in the early (0-60 ms) and late (60-250 ms) portions of the CS-US interval. Most early changes appeared at 21-40 ms after CS onset. Response plasticity was most commonly manifested as an increase or decrease in CS-evoked firing rate with little change in the response pattern (PST histogram shape). In some neurons, subcomponents of response patterns (early or late portions of the CS-US interval) were observed to change independently of each other. Spontaneous rate and UCS evoked activity were not modified with learning. Early in training (transition trials), neural activity evoked by the tone CS in conditioned animals was not different from that in controls. Response plasticity was most pronounced after the CR was first learned (trained trials) and stabilized once the Cr was well established (overtrained trials). Recording sites of neurons showing conditioning related response plasticity were co-extensive with those of cells that did not. PMID- 7127094 TI - Multiple actions of picomolar concentrations of flurazepam on the excitability of cultured mouse spinal neurons. AB - Intracellular recordings from mouse spinal neurons grown dissociated in tissue culture were used to study the effects of the water soluble benzodiazepine, flurazepam, upon neuronal excitability. Low concentrations of this drug (1 pM to 10 nM) depressed excitability in three distinctly different ways: (1) by directly increasing Cl- conductance, (2) by potentiating responses to GABA, and (3) by elevating spike threshold and/or depressing repetitive spike firing. Bathing neurons with picrotoxin induced 'convulsive-like' activity which was attenuated by flurazepam. The direct effects of flurazepam on the passive and active properties of membrane excitability were insensitive to picrotoxin. However, when the dose of flurazepam was increased to 10 nM or greater this drug lost its effectiveness. These results show that flurazepam is a potent drug with multiple sites of action all of which are likely to contribute to its pharmacological actions in vivo. PMID- 7127096 TI - Topographical representation of the peripheral nerve branches of the facial nucleus of the opossum: a study utilizing horseradish peroxidase. AB - The main facial nucleus of a marsupial, the North American opossum (Didelphis marsupialis virginiana), was subdivided into 6 portions by localizing HRP positive neurons after injecting all muscles by each major peripheral motor branch of the facial nerve. In the medial lobe of this dumbbell-shaped nucleus the caudal auricular nerve, rostral auricular ramus and cervical ramus were represented dorsomedially, dorsolaterally and ventrally, respectively. The lateral lobe contained zygomatic ramus cells dorsomedially, marginal mandibular ramus cells ventromedially and buccal rami cells laterally. The cells supplying the caudal digastric muscle were in the accessory facial nucleus. Thus, even though the facial nucleus of the opossum lacks distinct ramal subdivisions in Nissl preparations, such are evident after HRP labeling. PMID- 7127097 TI - Numeric assessment of leptomeningeal nerve cells. A semiquantitative study. PMID- 7127098 TI - Unmyelinated fibers in the pyramidal tract of the rat: a new view. PMID- 7127095 TI - Respiration and cell volume of primary cultured cerebral astrocytes in media of various osmolarities. AB - Respiration and cell volume of cerebral astrocytes from primary culture were measured in media of various osmolarities. Respiration was measured in 3T3 fibroblasts under similar conditions. Uncoupled respiration and respiration independent of oxidative phosphorylation were obtained by adding dinitrophenol and oligomycin, respectively. In NaCl media, dinitrophenol-stimulated respiration was inhibited at low and high osmolarities. With increasing osmolarity from 363 to 1185 mOsm, oligomycin-insensitive respiration increased and became the predominant respiratory component. The same respiratory changes in response to altered osmolarity were observed in 3T3 fibroblasts. In astrocytes, the oligomycin-insensitive respiration also increased in hyperosmolar sodium acetate media but was unchanged with increasing osmolarity in choline chloride or sucrose media. The increase in oligomycin-insensitive respiration in hyperosmolar NaCl media was blocked by amiloride, an inhibitor of passive Na+ movement. In contrast to amiloride, ouabain, an inhibitor of Na+, K+-ATPase, inhibited a constant amount of respiration with increasing NaCl concentration. The relationship of astrocyte volume to osmolarity was the same in hyper-osmolar media containing NaCl or sucrose. Cell volumes were greater in hypo-osmolar NaCl than in sucrose media. Our results suggest the presence of a Na+-dependent respiratory component in primary cultured cerebral astrocytes in media of increased osmolarity. This respiratory component is not coupled to oxidative phosphorylation or a Na+-K+ ATPase. It may be important in the proposed physiologic role of the astrocyte in maintaining brain extracellular water content and electrolyte concentrations. PMID- 7127099 TI - Two distributions of axons in the optic nerve of quails: a study of nerve degeneration after laser lesions of the retina. PMID- 7127100 TI - HPLC and RIA of cholecystokinin peptides in the vertebrate neural retina. PMID- 7127102 TI - Comparison of the effects of induced strabismus on binocularity in area 17 and the LS area in the cat. PMID- 7127101 TI - Lack of binocularity in cells of area 19 of cat visual cortex following monocular deprivation. AB - We have studied the visual receptive field properties of neurons in cortical area 19 of monocularly deprived cats. Almost all visually responsive units responded to stimulation of the non-deprived eye only. Receptive field properties assessed through the non-deprived eye were found to be normal. Monocular deprivation appears thus to have sharply reduced the normal binocularity of neurons in area 19. Since the W-cell component of the visual pathways provide the predominant input to area 19, our results suggest that W-cells are vulnerable to environmental manipulation. PMID- 7127104 TI - Medial thalamic lesions reduce the aversion-gating action of lateral hypothalamic stimulation. PMID- 7127103 TI - Stable-isotope dilution measurement of zinc and lead in rat hippocampus and spinal cord. PMID- 7127106 TI - The effect of tail pinch on the acoustic startle response in rats. AB - A series of 3 experiments was carried out to evaluate the effect of tail pinch (TP) on the amplitude of the acoustic startle response (ASR) in rats. There is a consistent group of pharmacological findings which support the view that the amplitude of the ASR is facilitated by transmission in both dopaminergic and noradrenergic neural systems. It has recently been reported that TP increases cortical norepinephrine release and pars compacta unit activity. It might therefore be expected that TP would facilitate the amplitude of the ASR. This hypothesis was tested in the first experiment. Surprisingly, it was found that TP significantly depressed startle amplitude. In the second experiment if was found that this TP-induced depression in startle amplitude was reduced by damage to the nucleus accumbens and that the amount of reduction correlated with the extent of damage. In the third experiment the generality of the effect of TP on sensorimotor reactivity was evaluated by testing its effect on footshock threshold and airpuff-elicited startle response. TP also depressed responsiveness in these tests. These results are consistent with other observations that the nucleus accumbens plays a role in the modulation of sensorimotor reactivity. PMID- 7127105 TI - Development of apparent presynaptic elements formed in response to polylysine coated surfaces. AB - Formation of apparent presynaptic elements on polylysine-coated surfaces was examined with both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Neurons from 2- or 8-day-old rat cerebellums were used in dissociated cell cultures as a source of growing neurites. An apparent presynaptic element is a defined swelling on a neurite with 40 nm diameter vesicles accumulated at the membrane which has a slight thickening. Apparent presynaptic elements do not have a normal postsynaptic element. In place of the postsynaptic element was the polylysine coated surface of a large diameter Sepharose bead. The first apparent presynaptic elements were seen at 2 h of incubation, suggesting that morphologically identifiable synapses may form in this short a time. The number of apparent presynaptic elements on beads increased from 2 h to 24 h incubation and decreased from 5 to 9 days incubation. At all times non-neuronal cells grew up on to the beads and often covered both neurites and apparent presynaptic elements. In the longer incubations degenerating apparent presynaptic elements were seen engulfed by non-neuronal cells, suggesting that non-neuronal cells may have the ability to remove presynaptic elements that are not functioning. The number of synaptic vesicles per apparent presynaptic elements increased continuously between 2 h and 9 day incubation, eventually surpassing the number of synaptic vesicles seen in other presynaptic elements in cultures. This result suggests that an interaction between presynaptic and postsynaptic elements may be necessary to limit the number of synaptic vesicles found in presynaptic elements. Cultures grown for only 5 days in vitro (DIV) and incubated for 1 day with coated beads had the most apparent presynaptic elements, while those at 28 DIV and incubated for 1 day had the least. In the cultures at 5 DIV, neurons formed many apparent presynaptic elements, but these neurons could form only a very few normal synapses between themselves. Thus the beginning of the formation of synaptic contacts may depend on the availability of future postsynaptic elements and not on the lack of future presynaptic elements. PMID- 7127107 TI - Nerve growth factor-induced neuronal differentiation of PC12 pheochromocytoma cells: lack of inhibition by a tumor promoter. PMID- 7127108 TI - Plane reconstruction of the structure of mesencephalic tectum from hen embryos in dissociated culture. AB - The changes in the glial and nerve cells in dissociated cultures of the hen embryo tectum opticum have been studied. The changes observed were of a dual character. The cells in dissociated culture take part in the formation of aggregates of dense clumps comprising astroblasts. In the process of cultivation contacts are established between such aggregates due to intensive radial growth of glial cell processes. Particular attention has been paid to the changes of another type leading to the plane reconstruction of the structure of tectum opticum on the surface of collagen. Due to the directed growth of neuroblasts an organized network is developed with a pronounced 'lamination' involving the neuroblasts with the vertically oriented bodies. These neuroblasts, as a result of continuous differentiation, form the initial parts of apical and basal dendrites, as well as the collaterals participating in the formation of neural components of neuropil. Plane reconstruction of the structure of tectum opticum may be considered as a manifestation of histogenesis in the conditions of tissue culture. PMID- 7127109 TI - The morphology and physiology of the granule cells in the rabbit olfactory bulb revealed by intracellular recording and HRP injection. PMID- 7127110 TI - Two pupillo-constrictor areas in the occipital cortex of the cat. PMID- 7127112 TI - Sympathetic ingrowth in the hippocampus: evidence for regulation by mossy fibers in thyroxin-treated rats. PMID- 7127111 TI - Motor neurotrophic factor in denervated adult skeletal muscle. PMID- 7127113 TI - Circadian rhythmic changes of neuronal activity in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the rat hypothalamic slice. PMID- 7127114 TI - Participation of corticothalamic cells in penicillin-induced generalized spike and wave discharges. AB - Single unit extracellular recordings were performed in the cortex of awake painlessly immobilized unanesthetized cats during generalized spike and wave discharges (SW) induced by i.m. penicillin. Corticothalamic cells were identified in cortical areas 3a and 4 gamma by stimulating n. ventralis lateralis (VL) and in cortical areas 5 and 7 by stimulating n. lateralis posterior (LP). Twelve of 24 neurons antidromically invaded from VL were also pyramidal tract cells. Two of 11 neurons antidromically invaded from LP also displayed orthodromic responses. Corticothalamic cells fired bursts of action potentials in association with the 'spike' whereas a period of inhibition was associated with the 'wave' of the SW complex. The data suggest that in this experimental model the appearance of SW in the thalamus is due to secondary activation of thalamic neurons by volleys arising from the cortex and mediated through corticothalamic connections. PMID- 7127116 TI - Variation in response to stimulation of central 5-hydroxytryptamine mechanisms in two strains of albino rat. PMID- 7127117 TI - The effects of intracerebroventricular administration of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine to neonatal rats. AB - 5,6-Dihydroxytryptamine was administered intracerebroventricularly to neonatal rats on days 3 and 6 (25, 50, 75 or 100 micrograms) or on day 12 (50, 75 or 100 micrograms) after birth. Administration on days 3 and 6 increased serotonin (5 HT) in the diencephalon, decreased it in the telencephalon and produced variable results in the brainstem. The dose of 100 micrograms eliminated the peak in locomotor activity that normally occurs at day 15. Administration on day 12 produced increased 5-HT levels in the diencephalon and the brainstem. The dose of 100 micrograms delayed the decrease in activity after the peak. Administration on days 3 and 6 or on day 12 produced non-specific damage throughout the brain, although dopamine levels were normal. The behavioral effects did not correspond with the neurochemical effects and probably were due to the pronounced non specific effects of the treatment. PMID- 7127115 TI - Nucleus locus coeruleus: a morphometric Golgi study in rats of three age groups. AB - Using Rapid Golgi and Nissl techniques, 3 major cell types: fusiform, multipolar and ovoid shaped cells were identified in the nucleus locus coeruleus of male rats. Each cell type was described and quantitated as to age-related changes between 30 and 90 and between 90 and 220 days of age. The orientation and dendritic architecture of each type of cell in the locus coeruleus and relationship of these cells to blood vessels in the locus coeruleus and to surrounding structures is also described. One hundred neurons per age group were measured as to their maximal linear extent and the number of spines on the somal surfaces were counted. Dendritic number, linear extent, diameter and number of spines along a 50 microns segment near the mid-point of dendritic extensions in an equal number of primary and secondary dendrites were quantified for each age group and comparisons of these parameters between each cell group were made. Axons of each cell type were defined as to their origin and general orientation and trajectory. Axon collaterals of multipolar cells were shown to be recurrent in type projecting back onto the dendrites and soma of multipolar cells. One of the most striking findings was that between 30 and 90 days there were significant decreases in spine density on both primary and secondary dendrites in all three cell types in the locus coeruleus. This was followed by significant increases in spine density on both primary and secondary dendrites between 90 and 220 days in each of the 3 cell types. It is of interest that these age-related cell changes in spine density in the nucleus locus coeruleus are exactly out-of-phase with those of the nucleus raphe dorsalis. PMID- 7127119 TI - Factors regulating serial dependencies in the discharge patterns of nerve cells: a computer simulation study in relation to dorsal spinocerebellar tract neurones. AB - This study was undertaken to investigate the factors which may contribute to the strong negative correlation between successive interspike intervals which characteristically occur in the discharge of dorsal spinocerebellar tract (DSCT) neurones. This correlation is reflected by a first-order serial correlation coefficient (R1) which is often less than --0.6(17). This strongly negative correlation would be expected to increase the rate at which the DSCT neurone transmits information from peripheral receptors. A model of a DSCT neurone has been developed and simulated on a digital computer. It was found that the discharge pattern of the model could be very similar to that of a real DSCT neurone and the value of R1 could be less than --0.6. In order for such values of R1 to be generated, a number of conditions had to occur simultaneously. These were that the discharge of the excitatory presynaptic fibres impinging on the neurone had to be fairly regular, that the overall range of firing frequencies on these fibres had to be rather small and that the mean firing rate of the neurone had to be about double that of each presynaptic fibre. Provided these 3 conditions were met, the precise properties of the model were relatively unimportant. Parameter values derived from biophysical studies of real DSCT neurones fulfilled these conditions. PMID- 7127118 TI - A lasting change in protein phosphorylation associated with septal kindling. PMID- 7127120 TI - Prefrontal unit activity of macaque monkeys during auditory and visual reaction time tasks. AB - During a simple reaction time task using auditory or visual stimuli, a total of 96 single units were recorded from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of macaque monkeys. These monkeys were trained to depress a lever for a fixed period which produced a tone burst or a small spot of light. After a variable period, the stimulus intensity changed, and then, the monkey released the lever. Eighty-one cue-related units were classified into 3 types according to their decay time; that is, phasic, tonic and mixed. Phasic units (n = 19) showed a transient increase of discharge rate with a relatively short peak latency (70-300 ms). Of these, 17 units responded exclusively to either visual or auditory stimuli and two to both. Tonic units (n = 55) showed enhanced or suppressed activity, with longer latencies, which was sustained as long as the cue period continued. The temporal pattern of the discharge in 23 tonic units was found to be similar for both the auditory and visual cues. Seven mixed-type units showed combined phasic and tonic patterns. Lever release-related units (n = 15) were activated only during the period of lever release with no distinction in cue modality. It is suggested that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex receives sensory inputs fairly discretely on the phasic-type neurons and that these sensory activities are transmitted to the tonic-type neurons which lead to an initiation of the lever release behavior. PMID- 7127121 TI - Participation of precentral neurons in somatically and visually triggered movements in primates. AB - Monkeys were trained to perform somatically and visually triggered wrist flexion extension (F-E) movements. Extracellular unit recordings were made in the contralateral precentral forelimb area. These neurons were identified as being best related to particular single forelimb joints by their responses to passive somatosensory stimulation and to the determining effects of local intracortical microstimulation. It was found that almost 60% of single-joint related cells participated in both somatically and visually triggered movements. All wrist (F E) neurons responded reciprocally while non-wrist (F-E) neurons had reciprocal as well as bidirectional responses to the oppositely directed visual and somatic perturbations. Somatically related responses and visually related responses were both uniformly distributed throughout the vertical layers of precentral cortex. With respect to horizontal spatial arrangements, multiple clusters of reciprocally and bidirectionally responsive neurons were intermingled. This latter finding supports the concept of a context-sensitive organization for motor control within precentral cortex. PMID- 7127123 TI - A banded distribution of retinal afferents within layer 9A of the normal frog optic tectum. AB - A banded distribution of retinal ganglion cell axons within layer 9A of the superficial tectal neuropil in Rana pipiens was revealed through anterograde labeling with horseradish peroxidase. Layer 9A previously has been demonstrated to mediate binocular vision through a polysynaptic pathway by way of the nucleus isthmi. This nucleus interconnects analogous regions of the two tectal lobes such that isthmic axons retinotopically map the visual world of the ipsilateral eye within tectal layers 9A and 8. Thus, we have found that a pattern of retinal ganglion cell bands occurs in binocular regions of normal frogs. This pattern is similar, but not identical, to the experimentally produced stripes previously observed in the doubly innervated tecta of 3-eyed and single tecta frogs. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons of these two types of afferent segregation patterns have implicated several structural and functional parameters which might be involved in band formation. PMID- 7127122 TI - Protein synthesis in the mammalian retina following the intravenous administration of LSD. PMID- 7127125 TI - Color-opponent responses in the avian lateral geniculate: a study in the quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). AB - Extracellular recordings were made from cells in the ventral lateral geniculate (GLv) of the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica), and their responses studied with chromatic stimuli. A total of 156 units were studied, and of these, 124 were found to be optimally responsive to changes in hue, and not to changes of contrast or motion of the stimuli in their receptive fields. These chromatic responses can be characterized as follows: (1) they have large (average 15 degrees x 15 degrees) receptive fields; (2) these receptive fields are mostly located in the anterior part of the visual field; (3) the receptive fields are organized in a (rough) retinotopy in agreement with anatomical findings; (4) units exhibit a sustained response in the dark or under white illumination, which is strongly modulated by changes in hue of stimuli of equal illuminance; (4) the units have a complementary inhibitory response, thus exhibiting a color-opponent pattern of responses; (5) the inhibitory and excitatory areas of the receptive fields are uniform and superimposed; (6) there is a tendency of units of the same optimal chromatic responses to be clustered together in the Glv; (7) although units of all preference are found, the population is dominated by units with preferences in the short wavelength end of the spectrum (48%). This is the first report of a region in the avian brain where color-opponent responses are found in significant numbers, thus making it apparent that the difficulty of finding similar units in the optic tract, tectum, dorsal geniculate, or telencephalon, is not due to a lack of appropriate retinal afferents. The relationship between the present findings and other reports on the Glv's anatomy and physiology are discussed, as well as its possible roles in the generation of chromatic behavioral discrimination of birds. PMID- 7127124 TI - Fluorescence measurement of lesion-induced fiber growth. II. Measurement of sympathohippocampal sprouting using a new microfluorometric method. AB - A microfluorometric (MF) method for measuring areal density and fiber intensity of fluorescent catecholamine fibers and varicosities was described in the previous paper. This method was then used to quantify sympathetic growth observed in the hippocampus after damage to the septal area. Because this MF method does not distinguish between catecholamine fibers of central and peripheral origins, several different ways to measure sympathetic ingrowth were used. First, the ingrowth was measured in subiculum, which has a naturally sparse innervation of central catecholamine fibers. Second, multivariate analyses were used to distinguish between: (1) sham animals -- with central innervation; (2) animals with septal lesions -- with central and peripheral innervation; and (3) sympathectomized septal animals -- with peripheral innervation removed. Finally, a polynomial regression analysis was used to identify the changes in catecholamine innervation over time that suggested a decrease in central innervation with a subsequent increase in the ingrowth of sympathetic fibers. The resulting data converge in support of the objective microfluorometric measurement of sympathohippocampal ingrowth in our histofluorescence preparations. PMID- 7127126 TI - Eye movements evoked by electrical stimulation in the superior colliculus of rats and hamsters. AB - Although the organization of the sensory representations in the rodent superior colliculus is known to be similar to that of more advanced mammals, little is known about collicular motor organization in these animals. Since it has been suggested that rodents make head, rather than eye, movements to facilitate visual orientation, fundamental organizational dissimilarities could exist in the superior colliculi of different species to underlie these different orientation preferences. However, we observed that electrical stimulation of the rodent colliculus evoked the same pattern of movements observed in other mammals. Conjugates, contraversive saccadic eye movements were evoked and were found to be topographically organized. In addition vibrissa and pinna movements could also be evoked. Although some species difference in evoked movements were evident, the same pattern of motor representations appears to exist in widely disparate mammalian species. PMID- 7127127 TI - Physiological and ultrastructural evidence for an extracellular anion matrix in the central nervous system of an insect (Periplaneta americana). AB - The efflux of radiocations (22Na, 2K and 45Ca) and of radiochloride occur as two stage processes from intact cockroach nerve cords. It is suggested that the initial, fast fraction of efflux comes mainly from the superficial connective tissue layer, the neural lamella, and the clefts between the underlying layer of neuroglia, the perineurium. This is deduced from the lack of effect of a metabolic inhibitor and sodium-transport inhibitors on the fast component of 22Na efflux (which contrast with their effects both on the size an the half-time of the slow component) and from the typically extracellular ratios between the fast components of substantial increase in the fast fractions of 22Na and 45Ca efflux but only a small increase in 36Cl efflux: effects which would be expected if the addition to the fast fraction consisted of ions maintained in Donnan equilibrium with fixed anionic sites within the extracellular system. The presence of such anionic sites is also indicated by lanthanum-binding in the extracellular matrix and by the previous histochemical demonstration of hyaluronic acid in the matrix by Ashhurst and Costin. It is suggested that the anionic glycosaminoglycans provide an extracellular cation reservoir which could serve a role in short-term ionic homeostasis of the brain microenvironment. PMID- 7127128 TI - Pericruciate cortex unit activity during intentional movement. Effect of subcortical electrical stimulation. AB - Extracellular unitary activity of pericruciate cortex neurons (CPCns) was recorded in cats performing a learned flexion--extension movement of the contralateral forearm. The present report concerns solely those cells showing firing changes on electrical stimulation of nucleus medialis dorsalis thalami (DM). These CPCns responding to DM stimulation (CPCdmns) were classified as either pyramidal tract or non-pyramidal tract neurons (CPCdm PTns, CPCdm non PTns) by antidromic activation of the medullar pyramid. In addition, convergence of DM and other subcortical structures (lateral hypothalamus HL, basal amygdala AB, and dorsal amygdala AD) on CPCdmns was tested by means of single and paired electrical stimulation. On the bases of the obtained data, CPCdmns had been grouped in the following different types. Type I: thirty-two neurons activated by stimulation of all the studied subcortical structures. All these cells are PT neurons and 20 of them (62.5%) are task-related, showing firing frequency increase before movement onset. Type II: forty-six neurons also activated by stimulation of all subcortical structures. All are non-PT cells and 17 of them (36.9%) are task-related, showing firing decrease or firing arrest at movement onset. Type III: twenty-one neurons activated exclusively by DM stimulation (and therefore non-PT cells). Four of them (19%) being task-related, and showing firing increase after movement onset. Type IV: twenty neurons responding exclusively to DM stimulation with firing frequency increase frequency decrease. None of them was movement-related. It is concluded that the cat's CPC agranular cortex receives effective inputs from such subcortical structures as DM, AB, AD and HL and that these subcortical structures play an important role in the regulation of motorcortical cell activity. PMID- 7127129 TI - Slow rhythmic rate fluctuations of cat midbrain reticular neurons in synchronized sleep and waking. PMID- 7127130 TI - Effects of early monocular deprivation on choline acetyltransferase and glutamic acid decarboxylase in pigeon visual Wulst. AB - Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) activities were measured in various visual structures of the pigeon brain after long-term monocular deprivation followed by short-term binocular presence or absence of light stimulation. The short-term phase (45 min) was coupled with a 2 deoxyglucose experiment in order to select the adequate brain samples. After mononuclear deprivation during the first 6-11 months, ChAT activity was higher by 40-60% in the dorsolateral visual Wulst contralateral to the deprived eye, as compared to the other side. In the same structure, animals, either monocularly deprived or undeprived and exposed binocularly to environmental light for 45 min, had higher ChAT activities on both sides than those maintained in the dark. Mononuclear deprivation performed in adult animals did not affect the ChAT activity in visual Wulst. GAD activity was bilaterally decreased in the visual Wulst after early monocular deprivation. These results suggest that early monocular deprivation has an effect on biochemical systems involved in synaptic transmission at selected relays of the visual pathways. PMID- 7127131 TI - Glial DNA synthesis and cell proliferation in the lesioned frontal cortex of the rat. AB - Proliferation of rat neurological cells was quantified following a lesion of the frontal cortex, with the rate of incorporation of intraventricularly administered [3H]thymidine ([3H]TdR) into cortical DNA serving as an index of glial proliferation. Incorporation of [3H]uridine into the corresponding RNA fractions did not serve this purpose. The intraventricular route of administration of thymidine greatly reduced the amount of [3H]TdR needed to label DNA relative to systemic injection. The rate of incorporation of [3H]TdR into DNA was linear for 75 min post-injection. Significantly more [3H]TdR was incorporated into DNA of the lesioned frontal cortex than that of the contralateral control cortex, during the first 4 days post-trauma. The majority of the acid-insoluble radioactivity (from [3H]TdR) was localized in the nuclear subcellular fraction of the cortex. Experiments indicated that the enhanced incorporation of [3H]TdR was not the result of altered metabolism or pool sizes of TdR in the lesioned cortex. Histological analysis indicated that there was a significant increase in the number of glial cells in the lesioned cortex by day 4 post-lesion, which corresponded to the increase in DNA synthetic activity. It was concluded that mechanical trauma to the frontal cortex of the rat results in an increase in the number of glial cells at and near the lesion which is accompanied by an increase in incorporation of [3H]TdR into cortical DNA. This method of measuring posttraumatic DNA synthesis has several advantages over autoradiography. PMID- 7127132 TI - Localization of hippocampal muscarinic receptors after kainic acid lesion of CA3 and fimbria-fornix transection. AB - Bilateral intraventricular injections of 0.5 microgram of kainic acid were used to selectively destroy CA3 hippocampal pyramidal neurons, in an effort to clarify the possible localization of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the rat hippocampal formation. Thirty days after treatment, there was 43% decrease in the total number of [3H]L-QNB binding sites per hippocampus, with no change in affinity. Histological examination confirmed the selective loss of pyramidal neurons in subareas CA3a-b while other regions of the hippocampal formation were spared. The unilateral transection of the fimbria-fornix, done 14 days after kainic acid, produced a further reduction in binding in relation to control hippocampi (-57%). The results demonstrate that in the pyramidal cells of CA3 there is a high concentration of postsynaptic muscarinic receptors. However, the slight further decrease, found after fimbria-fornix transection, suggests the possible existence of a small population of presynaptic receptors that, hitherto, had only been demonstrated indirectly by physiological methods. PMID- 7127133 TI - Interactions between chemical and electrical kindling of the rat amygdala. AB - Holtzman rats were implanted with a chemitrode into the left basolateral amygdala, which could then be stimulated electrically (400 microA, 1 s, AC) or chemically by injection of carbachol (1 microliter, 2.7 nmoles, sterile, isotonic). Group A received a daily injection of carbachol and developed kindled seizures. Group B received carbachol mixed with equimolar atropine, which blocked seizures and kindling. After 20 injections, both groups were stimulated electrically once a day and kindled at similar rates. Two additional groups received electrical or sham stimulation, followed by carbachol kindling. No transfer effects were observed. Four additional groups received 27 nmoles of atropine through the chemitrode, followed 15 min later by electrical stimulation, sham stimulation, carbachol injection or saline injection, respectively. Atropine completely blocked carbachol kindling but did not alter the rate of electrical kindling. No different in the number of QNB binding sites was observed in the amygdala of rats sacrificed two weeks after full electrical kindling. The lack of interaction between electrical and carbachol kindling and the failure of atropine to block electrical kindling of the amygdala suggest that the activation of local muscarinic synapses, while essential for carbachol kindling, is not required for electrical kindling of the rat amygdala. PMID- 7127134 TI - Effects of ovariectomy on the binding of [125I]-alpha bungarotoxin (2.2 and 3.3) to the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus: an in vivo autoradiographic analysis. AB - alpha-Bungarotoxin (alpha-BTX) has been used to label receptor binding sites on neural membranes. alpha-BTX fractions 2.2 and 3.3 were purified from Bungarus multicinctus by the method of Ravdin and Berg (1979) and we iodinated. There was no difference between these two fractions in their binding affinity or specificity of binding with hypothalamic synaptosomes. [125I] alpha-BTX 2.2S, 3.3 and commercially obtained [125I] alpha-BTX were injected into the third ventricle of ovariectomized female rats (n = 22), normally cycling rats (n = 12) or normal male rats (n = 4) and autoradiographic examination performed. Saline injected hypothalami (n = 4) or hypothalamus. Examination of serial sections from animals injected with each [125I] alpha-BTX showed that the supraoptic, periventricular, arcuate, premamillary and mamillary nuclei were consistently labeled. While the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the intact females and males both showed high densities of alpha-BTX binding, the SCN in ovariectomized females showed little or no alpha-BTX binding. Thus, the labeling of the SCN in females without ovaries and ovarian hormones was markedly different from that of the intact males and females. Labeling patterns in castrate and intact animals may contribute to our understanding of gonadal steroid regulation of hypothalamic function. PMID- 7127135 TI - Respiratory gating of activity in the avian vocal control system. PMID- 7127136 TI - Focal seizures disrupt protein synthesis in seizure pathways: an autoradiographic study using [1-14C]leucine. AB - We have used a new autoradiographic technique developed by Smith et al.22,33 for visualizing rates of incorporation of [1-14C]leucine into protein in brain. Focal seizures caused by topical convulsants resulted in a marked decrease in autoradiographic density. This was primarily confined to the seizure focus, especially marked in pyramidal cell layers, and to subcortical seizure pathways. There were no distinct changes in cortico-cortical pathways beyond the seizure focus. Pure orthodromic pathways through basal ganglia showed an 18% inhibition of leucine incorporation in caudate nucleus and substantia nigra, pars compacta (P less than 0.05). By contrast, thalamic nuclei connected both ortho- and antidromically to the focus showed a 30-63% inhibition (P less than 0.01). The topographic pattern and intensity of the thalamic changes were related to the site, size and intensity of the seizure focus. As seizures became severe there was a more generalized depression of metabolism beyond seizure pathways, especially in the ipsilateral hemisphere. The results suggest that seizures block incorporation of leucine into protein either by an increase oxidation of the precursor, and/or an inhibition of protein synthesis per se. The effect is most severe in neurons undergoing epileptic burst discharge in the focus and in thalamic neuronal beds connected reciprocally with the focus. PMID- 7127138 TI - Atropine-amitriptyline interactions in the rat central cholinergic nervous system. PMID- 7127137 TI - Effects of GTP and sodium on rat striatal dopamine receptors labeled with lisuride. AB - [3H]Lisuride binding to rat striatal membranes appeared to be stereospecifically displaced by the dopamine antagonist butaclamol. Sodium increased the number of [3H]lisuride binding sites (Bmax) without changing the dissociation constant (Kd). GTP did not affect [3H]lisuride binding characteristics, either with or without sodium. These results suggest that dopamine receptor sites labeled by lisuride are at least in part sodium-dependent, possibly the D2-receptors not involved in adenylate cyclase stimulation. PMID- 7127140 TI - Automatic and "voluntary' responses compensating for disturbances of human thumb movements. PMID- 7127141 TI - Delay-related activity of prefrontal neurons in rhesus monkeys performing delayed response. AB - Activity of dorsolateral prefrontal cortical neurons was examined in rhesus monkeys while they performed a spatial delayed-response task with delays of 2, 4, 8 or 12 s interposed between cue and response. Of the 600 neurons recorded for at least 10 trials under each delay condition, 95 displayed a pattern of discharge during the delay period which was significantly different from neuronal firing before or after this period. Changes in the duration of the delay elicit two distinct patterns of activity in these neurons: some (59/95, 62%) exhibit a fixed pattern of discharge regardless of the duration of the ensuing delay; others (31/95, 33%) alter their pattern of activity in relation to the temporal changes. Although both types of delay-related neurons display a variety of discharge profiles, more than half of each class exhibit their highest activity in the early part of the delay period. A related finding concerns a small subclass of spatially selective neurons which fire significantly more when the cue is presented on the left than on the right or vice versa. A striking 80% of these spatially discriminative neurons exhibit peak activity in the first few seconds of the delay period. These findings provide cellular evidence that (1) prefrontal neurons are responsive to temporal as well as spatial features of the delayed response task; and (2) the involvement of a subset of these is particularly critical in the first few seconds of the delay. The latter finding emphasizes that prefrontal neurons may play an important role in the registration process of spatial memory. PMID- 7127139 TI - Increased proliferation of oligodendrocytes in the hypomyelinated mouse mutant jimpy. AB - Previous studies of the hypomyelinated mouse mutant jimpy have shown that the number of oligodendrocytes are reduced about 50%. To determine the cause of the cellular reduction, light and electron microscopy were combined with thymidine autoradiographic techniques. The number of neuroglial cells which incorporate radioactive thymidine in the mutants is increased severalfold over control values. Electron microscopic autoradiograms indicate the majority of the labeled cells are oligodendroblasts. However, the total number of glia in the white matter of jimpy and control animals is the same during development and even up to the time of the animal's death. The presence of mitotic cells suggest that the oligodendrocytes undergo division but the abundance of dying cells suggests that they die sometime afterwards. The results of the quantitative autoradiographic studies in combination with our other data strongly suggest that the immediate failure of these cells to form myelin sheaths is due to a shortened life span and/or continued cell proliferation. PMID- 7127143 TI - Afferent connections of the ectostriatum and visual wulst in the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata castanotis Gould)--an HRP study. AB - Afferent connections of the two main areas in the telencephalon, the visual wulst and the ectostriatum, were traced in the zebra finch by injection of horseradish peroxidase and staining with tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). Nuclei projecting to the hyperstriatum accessorium (HA) or the HIS region (lamina hyperstriatica intercalatus superior) were: (1) ipsilaterally the n. dorsalis anterior pars lateralis (DLL) with its two subdivisions DLLd and DLLv, the n. dorsolateralis anterior pars magnocellularis (DLAmc), and the area pretectalis (AP); (2) bilaterally the nucleus of the septomesencephalic tract (SPC) with the ipsilateral component coming from the medial, the contralateral component from the lateral part of the nucleus. As in the pigeon or the owl the ectostriatum of the zebra finch receives massive input, which is topographically ordered, from the n. rotundus. In addition to this pathway the ectostriatum receives additional visual input from the ipsilateral area pretectalis, the n. subrotundus and eventually a bilateral projection from the n. tegmenti pedunculopontinus pars compacta (TPC). PMID- 7127142 TI - Operant behavioral analysis of memory loss in monkeys with prefrontal lesions. AB - The effects of dorsolateral prefrontal cortical ablation were examined in rhesus monkeys preoperatively trained to perform two versions of an indirect spatial delayed-response task. In one task (DR I), the stimulus keys that signaled the position of the reward were accessible throughout a trial. Thus, the monkeys could orient to the positive side ('rehearse') by continuing to press the correct key during the delay. The other task, DR II, was designed to disrupt bodily orientation and to prevent 'rehearsal'. In this task the monkeys were required to press an extraneous upper key during the delay. After bilateral ablation of the prefrontal cortex, 3 out of the 4 monkeys easily regained preoperative levels of performance on the DR I task, but all subjects were markedly impaired in the DR II task on which they exhibited strong positive preferences. These deficits were ameliorated by eliminating the position biases through training with short delay intervals followed by gradual increments in delay length. Analysis of the location of key presses during each phase of delayed-response trials showed that the monkeys press the correct key in the cue period even when they subsequently made incorrect responses. A consistent finding was that operated monkeys shifted their response to the incorrect key early in the delay period regardless of its duration, whenever the correct side was the nonpreferred side. These results support the idea that delayed-response deficits in monkeys with prefrontal lesions may be due in part to a defect in registering or encoding the correct spatial position in memory rather than to a loss in storage or retrieval processes. PMID- 7127144 TI - Morphology and distribution of postnatally generated glial cells in the somatosensory cortex of the rat: an autoradiographic and electron microscopic study. AB - Postnatal cytogenesis in rat somatosensory cortex was examined by the technique combining light microscopic autoradiography with electron microscopy. Tritiated thymidine was injected intraperitoneally to rats on different days (0-21 days). All animals were sacrificed on the twenty-fifth day after birth. Coronal slices including somatosensory cortex were embedded in epoxy resin. Semithin sections for autoradiography and ultrathin ones for electron microscopy were made alternately. The labeled cortical cells were found mainly in the cases injected with [3H]thymidine during the first and the second weeks. Examination of laminar distribution of the labeled cells revealed that the cells in deeper laminae were labeled on earlier postnatal days than those in more superficial laminae. The labeled cells were examined with electron microscope to identify their nature. By this, it was revealed that ultrastructural morphology of the labeled cells were that of glial cells (either astrocyte or oligodendrocyte). Time and space pattern of this neocortical postnatal gliogenesis shows the tendency of the inside-out sequence, though the pattern is not as distinctive as that of prenatal neocortical neurogenesis. The relationships between the pattern of gliogenesis and the maturation of cortical neurons is suggested. PMID- 7127145 TI - Obstructed neuronal migration along radial glial fibers in the neocortex of the reeler mouse: a Golgi-EM analysis. AB - The interrelationship of radial glial fibers (RGF) and young neurons migrating to the neocortex of normal and reeler mutant mice at 17 days of gestation are reconstructed from serial and from closely spaced thin sections. The glial fibers are identified unequivocally by correlated light and electron microscopy by means of the Golgi-gold toning method of Fairen and associates. The migrating cell in the normal animal is closely apposed to and coiled about the RGF throughout most of its ascent. In the terminal few microns of its movement, however, it begins rapidly to differentiate and at the same time surrenders its close attachment to the RGF. In the reeler, by contrast, the migrating cell maintains normal apposition to the RGF only until it enters the cortex. There its leading process is unable to pass between the surfaces of the RGF and those of postmigratory elements. Abnormally extensive contact between the glial fiber and the somata of postmigratory cells appears to be sustained in the mutant. The upward migration of the young neuron is terminated in the depths of the cortex and the cell soma gives rise to a profusion of small processes. This study affirms the critical role served by RGF as guides to neuronal migration and provides evidence that abnormal adhesions between postmigratory cells and the RGF obstruct neuronal migration in the reeler mouse. PMID- 7127146 TI - 'Waking activity': the neglected state of infancy. AB - The significance of the waking activity state was investigated using naturalistic observations of 20 infants at 2, 3, 4 and 5 weeks of age. Sleep and wake states were recorded at 10-s intervals throughout a 7-h day, along with co-occurring behaviors of the mother. The infant's behavioral state was classified as 'waking activity' when the eyes were open but unfocused, and there was diffuse motor activity. Thus the infant was not alert, drowsy, dazed, or crying. Infants showed individual consistency in amount of waking activity over weeks, although this state composed only 4.4% of the total observation. The mean amount of waking activity over weeks was related to an index of stability in state organization, as measured by the consistency of state profiles over weeks. Profile consistency was assessed by an ANOVA for each infant's data. Separate stability indexes were derived for that portion of the day when the infants were alone, and for that portion when they were with their mothers. Infants with higher levels of waking activity had lower state stability scores in each context. The results indicate that waking activity is a behavioral state which reflects overall state control and is therefore significant for an understanding of brain-behavior relationships. PMID- 7127147 TI - In vitro cellular respiration at elevated temperatures in developing rat cerebral cortex. AB - Cellular respiration in vitro was studied in cerebral cortical tissue from rats 2 60 days of age. Respiration was measured polarographically over the temperature range 34-44 degrees C in tissue slices in a basal condition; maximally stimulated by an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation, dinitrophenol; and inhibited by a blocker of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, oligomycin. Basal respiration at 34 degrees C increased about 80% between 7 and 30 days of age. Oligomycin insensitive respiration did not change with age. Dinitrophenol-stimulated respiration was unchanged from 2 to 10 days and then increased over 100% between 10 and 15 days of age. The Q10 for dinitrophenol-stimulated respiration increased from a value of 1 in tissue from rats 2-10 days of age to about 2 in tissue from rats 15 days and older. Our results confirm the previously reported maturational increases in basal respiration and in respiratory capacity in rat cerebral cortical tissue. The maturational increase in maximal respiratory capacity occurs in a short age interval coincident with a marked increase in the Q10 for the hyperthermic temperature range. Both these properties may be important in the increasing resistance to hyperthermia-induced seizures and their functional sequelae in the rat pup. PMID- 7127148 TI - Expression of the trembler mouse mutation in organotypic cultures of dorsal root ganglia. AB - Organotypic dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cultures were established from all the embryos of two trembler (Tr/+) female mice mated to normal (+/+) males to determine if the trembler mutation would be expressed in nerve tissue culture. Dorsal root ganglia from normal mice maintained in our culture system exhibit substantial myelination after 6 weeks of growth. This normal pattern was observed in approximately one half of the cultures in the present series. The remaining half of the explants had marked PNS myelin abnormalities readily detectable at the light microscopic level in living cultures; furthermore, the ultrastructural appearance of these Tr/+ cultures was similar to that of adult trembler sciatic nerve. An analysis of unmyelinated nerve fibers in Tr/+ cultures revealed that the number of neurites resident within each non-myelinating Tr/+ Schwann cell was significantly less than the number observed in +/+ cultures. There are distinctive PNS myelin abnormalities which: (1) develop in DRG cultures established from embryos at risk for the trembler mutation; (2) are highly reliable and readily detectable markers for the trembler genotype; and (3) are similar to the trembler PNS defects detectable in vivo. PMID- 7127149 TI - Plasticity in the kitten's visual cortex: effects of the suppression of visual experience upon the orientational properties of visual cortical cells. AB - The orientation selectivity of visual cortical cells was tested in two groups of kittens. In one group the animals were reared normally for the first 4-6 weeks of life then kept in darkness. Those in the other group were dark-reared for the first 6 weeks then exposed to light for 6 h and returned to the dark. The properties of the receptive fields of visual cortical cells were examined in these kittens after periods of dark-rearing ranging from 3 days to 12 weeks. In both groups, the proportion of orientation selective cells was found to decrease with time spent in the dark. The critical period for orientation appeared to end at 10-12 weeks of age. Two populations of visual cells were distinguished functionally by their different behaviour during prolonged dark-rearing. Most of the cells which retained their orientation specificity longest during dark rearing were tuned to horizontal or vertical orientations and more of them were monocular than in normal kittens. These functional characteristics resemble those exhibited by neurons of very young kittens. Changes in specificity observed during loss of selectivity are compared to those observed during early development. We suggest that the extent to which the orientation selectivity of a cell is plastic depends very largely upon the time, during the course of development, at which its selectivity was acquired. PMID- 7127150 TI - Growth hormone (GH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH)-like peptides in the rodent brain: non-parallel ontogenetic development with pituitary counterparts. AB - Brain and anterior pituitary growth hormone (GH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured during fetal, neonatal, and pubertal life and into adulthood. Immunoassayable GH and TSH could be found in the fetal whole brain before their detection in the fetal pituitary. Developmental patterns of pituitary and brain hormones differed in that pituitary hormones showed a gradual rise in levels from birth to puberty at approximately 20 days of age. Biochemically similar, brain-based peptides demonstrated a remarkable preparturitional surge in concentrations that was limited to a few days immediately preceding birth. Twenty-four hours after birth, brain GH, TSH, and LH had dropped to levels equal to or less than concentrations in the neonatal pituitary and subsequently rose to adult levels around the time of puberty. In these studies it could be shown that both the placental-fetal barrier and the neonatal blood-brain barrier were intact. These observations indicate the presence of two biochemically and immunologically similar but topographically distinct pools of peptides present in the developing brain and in the anterior pituitary gland. PMID- 7127151 TI - Characterization of neuritic outgrowth-promoting activity of conditioned medium on spinal cord explants. AB - Conditioned medium (CM) from muscle or fibroblast cultures dramatically increases the outgrowth of neurites from fetal rat spinal cord slices in vitro. The factor(s) in CM responsible for this enhanced outgrowth is chymotrypsin sensitive, but neuraminidase-insensitive. At neutral pH, the factor(s) binds to a concanavalin A-agarose affinity column, a zinc metal chelate affinity column, a DE-52 anion exchange column, but not to a carboxymethyl-52 cation exchange column. These results suggest that the active CM factor(s) is a glycoprotein that is negatively charged at neutral pH. Following gel chromatography the major peak of outgrowth-promoting activity elutes at a molecular weight of approximately 50,000 daltons. PMID- 7127152 TI - Neuron-specific and non-neuronal enolase in developing chick brain and primary cultures of chick neurons. AB - Developmental changes of the neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and the non-neuronal enolase (NNE) were determined in pure neuronal, or mixed cultures of neuronal and glial cells, prepared from brains of 8-day-old chick embryos, as a function of cellular development with time in culture. The modifications observed in culture were compared to those measured in brain during the development of the nervous tissue in the embryo and during the post-hatching period. In the whole brain, the total enolase activity increases progressively until the adult level, the NSE appears only 4 days before hatching. The total enolase activity of pure neurons increases until 8 days of culture but the NSE never appears during this period. Mixed cultures of neurons and glial cells present an increase of total activity until 14 days of culture and neuron-specific form of the enzyme can be observed after 6 days of culture. Our results suggest that NSE appears only in the functional brain and is expressed in cultivated neurons only when glial cells are present simultaneously. PMID- 7127155 TI - Development changes and regional variation in the ganglioside composition of the rat hippocampus. AB - Individual gangliosides were extracted and quantified from intact and subregionally dissected hippocampal formations during the first 3 weeks of postnatal development in the rat. The 4 major gangliosides were all found to be rapidly increasing relative to brain weight prior to the onset of significant synaptogenesis, but quantitative changes in the final proportion of each ganglioside resulted from different rates of accumulation of gangliosides D1a, D1b, and T1b, beginning about the time of synaptic maturation and dendritic arborization but prior to the onset of myelination and neurophysiological activity. A ganglioside pattern difference characterized by lower levels of T1b and D1b in the area dentata of middle and dorsal aspects of the hippocampal formation coincides with developmental gradients previously observed by morphogenetic criteria for these subregions. These ganglioside differences may thus be developmentally regulated, but the persistence into adulthood of higher levels of D1a in the dentate area suggests that some ganglioside pattern differences may be intrinsic to the unique neuronal cell populations present in different areas of the hippocampus. PMID- 7127154 TI - Motoneuron cell death in the developing lumbar spinal cord of the mouse. AB - Motoneuron cell death in the lumbar lateral motor column of the mouse embryo and neonate was examined to determine the timing and position of cell death with respect to events occurring in the limb. Counts of motoneurons in histological sections of the entire lumbar lateral motor column were made in mice ranging in age from 12 1/2 days of embryonic development to 20 days of neonatal life. Between 13 and 18 days of embryonic development, 67% of the motoneurons initially present in the motor column die, or approximately 3350 out of 5000 cells. Peak motoneuron cell death occurs at 14 days. No cell death occurs during the first neonatal weeks when polyneuronal muscle fiber innervation is lost. Counts of the total number of cells present at 18 days were similar to those previously reported for adult mice, suggesting that all motoneuron cell death has occurred by the end of prenatal development. In a few 13- to 14-day mouse embryos, the hindlimbs were totally filled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to define the boundaries and size of the lateral motor population which projects to the limb at early stages. Counts of HRP labeled motoneurons in selected lumbar cord segments were close to the total number of lateral motoneurons in the same segments. As the HRP injections were made prior to or at the onset of cell death, these observations indicate that many cells which die have sent axons into the limb. PMID- 7127153 TI - Early development of spiny neurons in fish and mouse: morphometric measures of dendritic spine formation pattern. AB - Positions of spines on apical dendrites were evaluated using 4 pattern analysis techniques: spine counts, variance/mean ratio, Lloyd's patchiness index, and nearest neighbor distance matrix. Spiny tectal interneurons from jewel fish (100, 130, 160 and 1550 days old), and layer V pyramidal cells in layer IV auditory cortex of CBA/J mice (100 and 450 days old) were studied. Fish's spines became more numerous and more clumped on distal dendritic strata during development, while mice lost dendritic spines with age. Both species developed a significantly regular spacing pattern between neighboring spines during development. These changes are explained in the context of spine function and a biophysical model of dendritic spine patterns. PMID- 7127156 TI - Out-of-phase development of dendritic spines in locus coeruleus and nucleus raphe dorsalis in rats of three age groups. PMID- 7127157 TI - Binocular deprivation can erase the effects of preceding monocular or binocular vision in kitten cortex. AB - Kittens were given visual experience through one or both eyes for two weeks around the peak of the sensitive period. Subsequently they were binocularly deprived for at least one year. This period of pattern deprivation erased completely the effects of the preceding temporary experience. Ocular dominance distribution, orientation selectivity and response quality of the cortical units resembled those obtained from kittens which are contour-deprived throughout their early postnatal development. This suggests that the effect of visual experience is not to engrave irreversibly certain features of the early visual world, but to adapt the cortex continuously and in an integrative fashion to features which are prominent throughout the sensitive period. PMID- 7127158 TI - [Transrectal needle biopsy of the prostate in diagnosis of prostate carcinoma]. PMID- 7127159 TI - [Dextrocardia with corrected transposition of the large arteries in scintigraphic representation]. PMID- 7127160 TI - [Evolution of viruses]. PMID- 7127161 TI - [Early changes in the ultrastructure of the myelin sheath proximally from the ligature of the sciatic nerve in the guinea pig]. PMID- 7127163 TI - [Glomerulus size measurements in newborns]. PMID- 7127162 TI - [Studies of the antitussive effect of prenoxdiazine of experimentally induced cough]. PMID- 7127165 TI - [Relapsing psychotic condition of a patient with manganese encephalopathy]. PMID- 7127166 TI - [Aspergilloma of the lungs]. PMID- 7127167 TI - Plasma lipoprotein concentration as an indicator of fatness in broilers: effect of age and diet. AB - 1. The relationships between plasma very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) plus low density lipoprotein (LDL) triglyceride concentrations at 3 and 7 weeks of age and body fat content at 7 weeks were studied in male and female broiler grandparent stock fed on diets containing about 25 or 90 g fat/kg. 2. Plasma VLDL plus LDL triglyceride concentrations were similar in males and females and only slightly higher in birds fed on the high-fat diet. Concentrations at 3 weeks were similar to those at 7 weeks. 3. Body fat content was correlated more closely with plasma VLDL plus LDL triglyceride measured at 7 weeks than at 3 weeks. 4. Phenotypic correlations between body fat content and plasma VLDL plus LDL triglyceride concentrations at 7 weeks were 0.47 and 0.43 for males and females respectively fed on the high-fat diet and 0.70 and 0.60 for males and females fed on the low fat diet. 5. Phenotypic correlations between body fat content and measurements with an abdominal caliper were 0.35 and 0.49 in birds fed on the high- and low fat diets respectively. 6. A possible procedure for selecting for leanness in broiler breeding programmes on the basis of measurements of plasma VLDL plus LDL triglycerides is discussed. PMID- 7127164 TI - [Our experiences with early vacuum aspiration (miniinterruption)]. PMID- 7127168 TI - Plasma lipoprotein concentration as an indicator of fatness in broilers: development and use of a simple assay for plasma very low density lipoproteins. AB - 1. A turbidimetric assay for plasma very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) was developed, based on their selective precipitation with heparin and Mg2+. 2. Measurements of plasma VLDL concentration using the turbidimetric method showed a correlation of 0.98 with plasma VLDL plus low density lipoprotein triglyceride concentration estimated chemically. 3. Correlations between plasma VLDL concentration measured turbidimetrically and body fat content were similar to or higher than those obtained previously using a chemical assay. Correlations for broiler grandparent stock fed on a low-fat diet were 0.70 and 0.65 for males and females respectively. 4. Turbidimetric measurement of plasma VLDL concentration provides a simple, rapid and effective method of estimating fatness in live broilers that could be applied to commercial broiler breeding programmes. PMID- 7127169 TI - Visceral receptors and their afferents in the caudal mesenteric nerve of the duck. AB - 1. The behaviour and reactivities of visceral receptors to different mechanical and chemical stimuli in simple unit preparations from the caudal mesenteric nerve of adult ducks were studied to examine the physiological roles of such receptors. 2. In total, 83 single unit activities were recorded from the caudal mesenteric nerve. 3. Receptors were grouped according to their locations in different layers of the rectum as (i) over the branching points of the blood vessel or in the serosal layer, (ii) in the muscle layer or (iii) in the mucous membrane of the rectum. 4. All the receptors, both spontaneous and non-spontaneous, responded to mechanical probing. Receptors of the muscle layer responded to distension also and showed a slowly-adapting nature. Most of the receptors of the other two groups were of the rapidly-adapting type. 5. Conduction velocity ranged from 0.76 to 34.6 m/s. 6. Sympathetic afferent fibres from the hind gut ascend along the intestinal nerve and join the caudal mesenteric nerve via the colonic ganglion. PMID- 7127170 TI - Comparison of the productive performances of the Sinai Bedouin fowl, the White Leghorn and their crossbreds: study under laboratory conditions. AB - 1. A comparison of the productive performance of the Sinai Bedouin fowl (from the Sinai desert), the commercial White Leghorn and their reciprocal crossbreds was made uniform normal conditions. 2. The Sinai produced significantly fewer, smaller eggs, resulting in lower egg mass output (g/bird d), than the Leghorn and the crossbreds. 3. Egg weight of both crossbreds was intermediate between Sinai and Leghorn but laying rate was closer to that of the Leghorn. 4. Differences in egg mass output apparent at 8 to 10 months of age decreased considerably with age. 5. These findings suggest that selection or crossbreeding of the Sinai might improve productive performance while maintaining improved egg-shell quality. PMID- 7127171 TI - Comparison of the productive performances of the Sinai Bedouin fowl, the White Leghorn and their crossbreds: study under natural desert conditions. AB - 1. The productive performances of the Sinai Bedouin fowl, the commercial White Leghorn and their reciprocal crossbreds were compared under natural desert conditions in the Sinai peninsula. 2. Seasonal temperature changes did not affect egg weight of any of the breeds or crosses, but laying rate of all was considerably reduced under heat wave conditions and that of Sinai and Sinai x Leghorn decreased during winter, probably due to the short photoperiod. 3. Egg production of the Leghorn was poor compared with that in normal conditions. 4. The Leghorn was the most vulnerable to heart stress, mortality was 24% during two heat waves. 5. The results suggest that the Sinai breed and its crosses are more resistant to the extreme conditions of the desert environment. This feature might be used in the future selection of heat tolerant breeds. PMID- 7127172 TI - Influence of dietary lactose on the gut flora of chicks. AB - 1. The gut microflora of chicks fed on a purified diet containing 300 g lactose plus 300 g starch/kg was compared with that of control birds receiving a diet containing 600 g starch/kg. 2. In 14-d-old conventional chicks, lactose in the diet decreased the incidence of lactobacilli and clostridia in the caecal contents, although when presenting lactose-fed chicks the counts of lactobacilli exceeded those of control chicks. 3. High counts of Proteus sp. were present in the caeca of control birds but they were completely suppressed in conventional birds fed on the lactose diet. In vitro tests showed that this inhibition was partially due to Escherichia coli and Streptococcus faecalis. 4. The growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus was inhibited by lactose when gnotobiotic chicks were monoassociated but not when polyassociated. The protective effect was shown in vitro to be due to L. salivarius. 5. The pH was markedly lowered in the caecum of conventional and polyassociated chicks receiving dietary lactose. Of the strains used in gnotobiotic experiments E. coli, S. faecalis and L. salivarius produced the lowest pH values in the caeca. PMID- 7127173 TI - [Plastic surgery of the eyelids. Wound dressing, position correction and reconstruction]. PMID- 7127174 TI - Continuing medical education: learning preferences of anaesthetists. PMID- 7127175 TI - Uptake of nitrous oxide by man. AB - Because of discrepancy in reports concerning the rate of uptake of nitrous oxide by man, it seemed desirable to measure this factor when automatic control of concentrations and rapid computer measurement of breath to breath uptake became available. Six subjects inhaled 25 per cent nitrous oxide for two hours. Total uptake and alveolar uptake were determined. The total inhaled uptake, adjusted for a 70 kg subject inhaling 75 per cent nitrous oxide, corresponded well with an absorption of about 1000 ml the first minute. After a wash-in period of less than four minutes, the alveolar uptake, which at that time and subsequently equaled the total uptake, decreased approximately according to the square root of time in minutes. Considerable variation appeared between individuals, but each course approximated the same type of decrease. Absorption continued to occur during the two hour period of observation. PMID- 7127176 TI - Middle ear pressure variations during nitrous oxide and oxygen anaesthesia. AB - Many authors have reported middle ear pressure variations during inhalation of high concentrations of nitrous oxide. An on-going study on subjects anaesthetized with nitrous oxide and oxygen supplemented with halogens or narcotics and excluding operations on the ear enables us to register three typical curves of middle ear pressure according to the patency of the Eustachian tube. We recorded significant negative middle ear pressures during the recovery period when there was important obstruction of the Eustachian tube. The presence of a tympanic "neomembrane" due to an old perforation associated with important obstruction of the Eustachian tube could lead to a tympanic perforation that may be unnoticed by the anaesthetist if it is not specifically investigated. In our series, we report one case of tympanic perforation and one case of haemotympanum as examples of such consequences. PMID- 7127177 TI - Nitrous oxide administration in the presence of subcutaneous emphysema: an experimental model. AB - Adverse effects may occur when patients with air in the pleural space or in the cerebral ventricles breathe nitrous oxide. We developed an animal model to learn whether similar adverse effects are associated with the inhalation of nitrous oxide when air is present in the subcutaneous space. We induced extensive subcutaneous emphysema in swine and measured oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions in systemic arterial and mixed venous blood; cardiac output; intravascular, airway, and pre-sternal subcutaneous pressures; total pulmonary-thoracic static compliance; and thoracic girth before and after a 45 minute period of breathing 75 per cent nitrous oxide in oxygen. Cardiac output decreased from 3.13 +/- 0.51 l/min to 2.40 +/- 0.62 l/min (p less than 0.05); no other values changed significantly. No significant adverse cardiorespiratory effects resulted from the transfer of inhaled nitrous oxide to the subcutaneous space in this animal model. PMID- 7127179 TI - Cerebral vascular responses to ketamine and thiopentone during foetal acidosis. AB - Using a chronic sheep preparation, with induced foetal acidosis, the effects of low and high dose thiopentone and ketamine on maternal and foetal cardiovascular dynamics were studied. Ketamine 4 mg . kg-1 and thiopentone 10 mg . kg-1 were both associated with marked reductions in foetal cerebral blood flow and cerebral oxygen delivery. Blood pressure and cerebral blood flow in the acidotic foetus was better preserved, however, following the lower dose of ketamine 2 mg . kg-1 than following thiopentone 6 mg . kg-1. PMID- 7127178 TI - Deliberate hypotension for spinal fusion: prospective randomized study with evoked potential monitoring. AB - Twenty-four patients requiring spinal fusion with Harrington rod instrumentation were studied prospectively to determine the effects of moderate hypotension on blood loss, operating conditions, operating time and spinal cord function. Hypotension reduced blood loss and improved operating conditions but did not shorten operating time. Five patients had alterations in somatosensory cortical evoked potentials after straightening of the spine that prompted us to reverse hypotension (when present) and haemodilution, and then to do wake-up tests. All wake-up tests were normal and all evoked potential alterations resolved during operation. Hypotension seems unlikely to increase the risk of neurological damage if spinal cord function is monitored. Our findings suggest that patients subjected to spinal fusion need not be awakened during operation for testing of cord function provided somatosensory evoked potentials are monitored and remain stable. PMID- 7127181 TI - Leakage of volatile anaesthetics from agent-specific keyed vapourizer filling devices. AB - Agent-specific keyed vapourizer filling devices were designed to ensure that an anaesthetic vapourizer is filled with the correct agent. Since there appear to be no reports of possible loss of volatile agent or operating room pollution resulting from either the design or patterns of use of these devices, measurements were made with three anaesthetic agents and two methods of use. First, two bottles each of methoxyflurane, enflurane and halothane were fitted with a suitable filling device and the weight of agent lost from each bottle over six weeks was measured. Bottle #1 of each agent remained without agitation between weighings; bottle #2 was tipped to mimic filling of a vapourizer. Weight loss over the six week period was 2.76 and 3.15 per cent of the halothane, 2.22 and 2.43 per cent of the enflurane, and 0.58 and 0.96 per cent of the methoxyflurane, for bottles #1 and #2, respectively. Second, pollution was measured with an infra-red analyser for halothane, using bottles #1 and #2, as described above, and a third bottle on which the filling device was replaced by the screw-on cap after each filling of the vapourizer. Vapour loss was undetectable for bottle #1, between 25 and 30 ppm for bottle #2, and between 350 and 400 ppm for bottle #3. Thus, although the design of the filling devices results in loss of the anaesthetic agent, this loss represents potential pollution only when the device is replaced by the screw-on cap between use. Therefore, when using filling devices, these should be left on the bottle of volatile agent between fillings to decrease operating room pollution. PMID- 7127184 TI - [Masseter spasm]. PMID- 7127180 TI - [Prolonged functional disturbance of prolactin secretion after surgery under neuroleptanalgesia]. AB - Plasma level of prolactin and its response to the injection of haloperidol were measured in nine women before and after elective gynecological surgery under neuroleptanalgesia using dextromoramidedroperidol combination. The day before the operation, the injection of haloperidol 0.25 mg intramuscularly increases the concentration of PRL by 5.4 +/- 1.9 mg/ml, while this response is completely abolished the day following the operation. Two days later, a tenfold increase in the dose of haloperidol (2.5 mg I.M.) is necessary to obtain a PRL response that equals that observed pre-operatively (5.8 +/- 1.2 ng/ml). The low plasma levels observed 24 and 48 hours post-operatively compared to the pre-operative level, illustrate a prolonged functional disturbance of the secretion of PRL. PMID- 7127182 TI - Excessive blood loss during operation in the patient treated with propylthiouracil. AB - A case of bleeding during operation due to propylthiouracil-induced thrombocytopenia is reported. A 55 year old male who had been treated with propylthiouracil for two months before operation underwent otherwise uneventful cervical laminectomy. Perioperatively he was transfused seven units of whole blood, two units of packed red cells, six units of platelets and two units of fresh frozen plasma for the estimated blood loss of 5500 ml. The patient underwent thyroidectomy without incident 45 days after withdrawal from propylthiouracil. The value of the preoperative coagulation studies of the patient treated with propylthiouracil is discussed. PMID- 7127183 TI - "Liquid stylet" for percutaneous radial artery cannulation. AB - Radial artery catheterization in elderly patients may be difficult. The "liquid stylet" created by slow intra-arterial fluid injection facilitates insertion of arterial cannulae, and proved effective in 14 consecutive patients in whom percutaneous radial artery catheterization was otherwise unsuccessful. This technique is useful when difficulty in radial artery cannulation is encountered. PMID- 7127190 TI - Radiation induced reciprocal translocations and inversions in Anopheles albimanus. AB - Reciprocal translocations and inversions were induced in Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann by irradiation of males with X rays. A total of 1669 sperm were assayed, and 175 new aberrations were identified as follows: 102 reciprocal translocations (67 autosomal and 35 sex-linked), 45 pericentric inversions, and 28 paracentric inversions. Eleven of the translocations were nearly whole-arm interchanges, and these were selected for the construction of "capture systems" for compound chromosomes. Two double-heterozygous translocation strains and four homozygous translocation strains were established. Anopheles albimanus females were irradiated, and a pseudolinkage scheme involving mutant markers was employed to identify reciprocal translocations. The irradiation of females was very inefficient; only one translocation was recovered from 1080 ova tested. PMID- 7127185 TI - Association of the polyene antibiotic amphotericin B with phospholipid vesicles: perturbation by temperature changes. AB - Conformational changes of amphotericin B in the presence of cholesterol as well as in the presence of bilayer vesicles of phosphatidylcholine with saturated fatty acid chains of various lengths (14 less than n less than 22) have been monitored by circular dichroism (CD). It has been shown that the observed species are not only dependent on such parameters as the cholesterol content of the vesicles, the vesicles' physical state, and the number of amphotericin B molecules per vesicle, but also on the time elapsed after mixing and the thermal treatment of the system, which may create irreversible changes. In particular, heating through the transition temperature (Tc) vesicles containing cholesterol and loaded with amphotericin below Tc leads to the expulsion into the aqueous medium of a cholesterol-amphotericin complex, a phenomenon which affords an explanation for some of the electron paramagnetic resonance and resonance Raman results. It has also been shown by gel filtration, ultracentrifugation, and Tc determination that interaction of amphotericin B with vesicles in the gel state induces fusion or aggregation of the vesicles, which is not the case (or at least weakly) when the vesicles are in the liquid crystalline state. This aggregation is the more rapid the nearer the temperature of the reaction is to Tc. This study confirms the great complexity of events which may occur during interaction of amphotericin B with model membranes and presents some results which complement those of studies performed with other spectroscopic methods. PMID- 7127188 TI - Radioimmunoassay for the antifreeze polypeptides of the winter flounder: seasonal profile and immunological cross-reactivity with other fish antifreezes. AB - The polymerization of winter flounder antifreeze polypeptide (AFP) with glutaraldehyde to increase its antigenicity and the conjugation of the AFP to bovine serum albumin so that the AFP could carry a radioiodine label have allowed the development of a convenient and reliable radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the antifreeze. A seasonal concentration profile of serum AFP as determined by the RIA corresponded closely with its activity profile. Winter serum concentrations of AFP measured by the RIA (7-11 mg/mL) agreed well with antifreeze recovery from Sephadex G-75 chromatography of serum (6-10 mg/mL), but less so with concentration estimates reported from activity measurements (12-25 mg/mL) (Petzel, D. H., Reisman, H. M. & DeVries, A. L. (1980) J. Exp. Zool. 211, 63-69). A small but measurable immunological cross-reactivity was detected between the antiflounder AFP and other fish antifreeze polypeptides. Such cross-reactivity was quite unexpected considering the large compositional and structural differences among the various AFP and its significance remains unclear. PMID- 7127187 TI - Phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis in isolated hamster heart. AB - The pathways leading to the formation of phosphatidylethanolamine in isolated hamster hearts were investigated. The contributions of the CDP-ethanolamine and the base exchange pathways were studied by perfusion with [3H]ethanolamine. The radioactivity of ethanolamine in the heart reached a maximum at 5 min of perfusion and remained constant throughout the perfusion period. Maximum labeling of phosphoethanolamine occurred at 25 min of perfusion and labeling of CDP ethanolamine did not reach a maximum over the 30-min-perfusion period. Incorporation of radioactivity into phosphatidylethanolamine was marked by a lag during the first 15 min of perfusion, after which a linear increase was observed. This initial lag suggests the minor contribution of the base exchange pathway, as compared with the CDP-ethanolamine pathway. The CDP-ethanolamine pathway was estimated to contribute 290 nmol x min-1 x g heart-1 to total phosphatidylethanolamine formation in hamster heart. Phosphatidylethanolamine formation via decarboxylation of phosphatidylserine was studied by perfusion of hamster hearts with labeled serine. The contribution of this pathway was estimated to be 9.0 nmol x min-1 x g heart-1. Hence, it was concluded that phosphatidylethanolamine was synthesized by all three known pathways and the CDP ethanolamine pathway was the major pathway for phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis in the mammalian heart. The low activities of phosphatidylserine decarboxylase and base exchange enzyme measured in vitro probably reflect the minor contribution of these two pathways to phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis. PMID- 7127186 TI - Analysis of enzymatically released peptides by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography from picomole amounts of apolipoproteins separated on polyacrylamide isoelectric focusing gels. AB - Methods were developed for the peptide analysis of individual isoproteins of human apolipoproteins separated on urea-polyacrylamide isoelectric focusing (IEF) gels. After IEF the proteins were fixed in the gel matrix by trichloroacetic acid precipitation. Low molecular weight contaminants, including ampholytes, were removed and the proteins were chemically desialylated. Enzymatic digestions with L-1-tosyl-2-phenylethylchloromethyl ketone - trypsin, chymotrypsin, or with thermolysin were accomplished within the gel matrix. The proteolytically released peptides were analyzed by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. These methods facilitated the comprehensive analysis of protein structural differences between individual isoproteins of apolipoproteins in duplicate with as little as 1-2 nmol of each isoprotein, without the use of radiolabels. Human apolipoproteins A-I, C, and E were analysed by these methods. PMID- 7127189 TI - Growth of interscapular brown adipose tissue in cold-acclimated hypophysectomized rats maintained on thyroxine and corticosterone. AB - Brown adipose tissue (BAT) of rats is known to grow in response to acclimation to cold. The growth is accompanied by changes in mitochondrial polypeptide composition (an increase in the relative proportion of a polypeptide of molecular weight 32,000, known to be associated with the thermogenic proton conductance pathway). The mediator of the change in mitochondrial polypeptide composition is unknown. The objective of these experiments was to find out whether any of the pituitary hormones might be the mediator. Treatment of rats with growth hormone failed to alter BAT size or mitochondrial polypeptide composition. BAT grew and the change in BAT mitochondrial polypeptide composition occurred in cold acclimated hypophysectomized rats, maintained on thyroxine and corticosterone to ensure their survival in the cold. It is concluded that none of the pituitary hormones is the mediator for the cold-induced change in BAT mitochondrial polypeptide composition or is required to exert a direct effect on BAT for cold induced BAT growth to occur. It also seems unlikely that more than a maintenance amount of glucocorticoids is required for normal cold-induced growth of BAT; these hormones are thus also unlikely to mediate the change in BAT mitochondrial polypeptide composition. The requirement for no more than a maintenance amount of thyroxine for BAT growth and for the cold-induced change in BAT mitochondrial polypeptide composition confirms previous conclusions drawn from studies on cold acclimated thyroidectomized rats. PMID- 7127191 TI - Additive, nonadditive and maternal genetic effects on adiposity in mice fed different levels of fat. AB - Polygenic obese (M16), nonobese (ICR) and reciprocal crossbred (M16 male x ICR female and ICR male x M16 female) mice were fed ad libitum diets containing 1, 5 or 25% fat from 3 to 10 weeks of age. Epididymal and subcutaneous fat depot weights (E, S) and depot weights as a proportion of empty body weight (E%, S%) were used as measures of adiposity at 6 and 10 weeks of age. Genetic differences in adiposity among the four populations were partitioned into average direct (a), average maternal (m) and direct heterotic (h) effects. Line M16 was greater than ICR at both 6 and 10 weeks in E (81% at 6 weeks and 114% at 10 weeks), S (82%, 73%), E% (27%, 37%) and S% (26%, 12%). Average direct genetic effects, as determined by a, accounted for 60% of the M16 vs. ICR line difference in E and S at six weeks, the remainder of the difference being due to m. The major portion of the line difference in E% and S% at 6 weeks was accounted for by m. At ten weeks of age, most of the line difference in E, S, E% and S% was due to additive direct genetic effects while the contribution of maternal genetic effects was negligible. Heterosis was sizeable for all measures of adiposity, varying from 10.8% in S% at 10 weeks to 26.8% in E at six weeks, possibly indicating the presence of directional dominance. E and E% increased significantly with the increase in dietary fat percent, but S and S% were not affected. Interactions of genotype with level of dietary fat percent were not significant for the epididymal or subcutaneous fat depot weights or proportional weights. PMID- 7127192 TI - The use of polyethylene intramammary device in protection of the lactating bovine udder against experimental infection with Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus agalactiae. AB - The susceptibility of lactating bovine udder quarters fitted with a polyethylene intramammary device to infection was investigated. Following experimental challenge with Streptococcus agalactiae or Staphylococcus aureus, the incidence of infection was significantly (p less than 0.05) lower in intramammary device fitted quarters compared to control quarters. In general, total foremilk and strippings milk somatic cell counts for intramammary device-fitted and control quarters were not significantly (p less than 0.05) different. Differential foremilk and strippings milk somatic cell counts were significantly (p less than 0.05) higher in samples from intramammary device-fitted quarters compared to control quarters. PMID- 7127193 TI - The relationships of salmonellae from infected broiler flocks, transport crates or processing plants to contamination of eviscerated carcases. AB - Three flocks raised for broiler or roaster performance tests were studied to determine the incidence and sources of salmonellae during the growing period, transport and processing and to relate these to contamination of processed carcasses. Day old chicks in two of the tests, (tests IV and V), were treated with a culture of intestinal anaerobes derived from mature chickens. The incidence of salmonellae during the growing period was too low to permit any conclusions about the efficacy of this culture in preventing Salmonella infection, but it had no adverse effect on flock performance. Carcasses from all three flocks were contaminated with salmonellae. Although the test IV flock was raised free of salmonellae, 46% of the carcasses tested from this flock were contaminated. The apparent source was the transport crates, 99% of which yielded salmonellae before the flock was loaded. In test V, 92% of the carcasses tested yielded salmonellae. The apparent sources were: flock infection (apparently originating from the parent flock), contaminated crates, spread during transport, and plant contamination. The flock of test VI was infected with Salmonella albany, and 54% of the carcasses tested were contaminated with this serovar. Carcasses of chicks infected early in life were more likely to be contaminated than those of chickens which contacted salmonellae later in the growing period. PMID- 7127195 TI - A mouse model for estimation of Pasteurella haemolytica deposition in calf lungs following aerosol exposure. AB - A method used to calculate the number of Pasteurella haemolytica reaching the lungs of calves during an aerosol exposure is described. This method is based on a linear relationship of bacterial deposition in lungs of mice and calves when exposed to the same bacterial aerosol. PMID- 7127194 TI - The pulmonary clearance of Pasteurella haemolytica in calves infected with bovine virus diarrhea or Mycoplasma bovis. AB - Based on current literature which commonly associates bovine virus diarrhea virus and Mycoplasma bovis with "pneumonic pasteurellosis," an investigation was conducted into the effect of these two pathogens on the capacity of bovine lung to clear inhaled Pasteurella haemolytica. There was no significant effect (p less than 0.05) of either bovine virus diarrhea virus or M. bovis on the mean clearance rate of P. haemolytica, nor did the time interval of three, five or seven days between the first inoculation and exposure to P. haemolytica and adversely affect the lung clearance rates. However, it was found that the left lungs and a higher bacterial retention (p less than 0.05) than the right lungs. PMID- 7127197 TI - Reproductive performance of totally confined sheep bred with semen extended in a lactose-egg yolk-glycerol buffer and stored at 5 degrees C. AB - Two experiments were carried out in January and May 1975 to study reproductive performance (fertility, prolificacy and fecundity) of totally confined sheep synchronized for estrus. The main objective of the first experiment was to compare reproductive performance of ewes bred naturally to those bred by artificial insemination. Semen for artificial insemination was collected by either artificial vagina or electroejaculation and stored for up to 36 hours at 5 degrees C. A second objective was to evaluate the effect of pregnant mares' serum gonadotrophin on the reproductive performance of ewes synchronized for estrus. Fertility was 53% for ewes bred by natural mating, 34% for ewes receiving pregnant mares' serum gonadotrophin and bred by artificial insemination, and 9% for those not receiving pregnant mares' serum gonadotrophin and bred by artificial insemination. There was no difference in fertility between ewes bred with semen collected by artificial vagina or by electroejaculation. A similar pattern was observed for fecundity. Average prolificacy was 2.0 with no significant differences among mating methods or pregnant mares' serum gonadotrophin application being observed. In the second experiment, the reproductive performance of ewes inseminated with semen stores at 5 degrees C for 48 to 60 hours was compared to that of ewes inseminated with semen stores for 24 to 36 hours. No significant differences in the reproductive performance were detected. Although average fertility (9%) and fecundity (19%) were low, prolificacy averaged 2.0 lambs per ewe lambing. PMID- 7127196 TI - Tolerance of young turkey poults to various combinations of dietary furazolidone and salt. AB - Three feeding trials were conducted to study the tolerance of young turkey poults to furazolidone and to various combinations of salt and furazolidone in the diet. Poults of mixed sexes tolerated up to 0.03% dietary furazolidone from hatch to six weeks of age without harmful effects as judged from the data on mortality rate, feed intake, body weight and plasma composition. High mortality with cardiac dilation and ascites occurred in poults fed the same basal diet containing 0.05 or 0.07% furazolidone. Mortality was positively related to levels of dietary furazolidone, and occurred mainly between two and four weeks of age. The cumulative feed intake and body weight of these poults were significantly lower than those of the control poults at six weeks of age. There was indication of decreased renal function in poults on high furazolidone intake and the mechanism of furazolidone-induced cardiac dilation is discussed. Mortality rate, incidence of cardiac dilation with ascites and heart, liver and body weights and feed efficiency were similar in poults fed diets containing 0.022% furazolidone and varying levels of salts (0.5, 1.0 or 1.5%) compared with the control fed the same basal diet containing 0.5% salt from hatch to eight weeks of age. It is concluded that a starter diet containing 0.022% furazolidone and up to 1.5% salt does not affect the performance of poults from hatch to eight weeks of age. PMID- 7127198 TI - Flexible-loop posterior chamber artificial lenses. PMID- 7127199 TI - Clinical electroretinography. Part 1: Foundations. PMID- 7127200 TI - Effects of radial and circular keratotomy in rabbits. AB - Nine rabbits underwent radial keratotomy in one eye and circular keratotomy in the other. The follow-up period ranged from 9 to 12 weeks. There was no significant change in the axial length of the eye with either type of surgery, and circular keratotomy produced no significant changes in the curvature or the refractive error of the cornea. However, radial keratotomy produced significant spherical changes in both corneal curvature (mean -3.09 D, P less than 0.01) and refractive error (mean +2.18 D, P less than 0.01); the refractive changes can be explained entirely by the changes in curvature. PMID- 7127201 TI - Spontaneous regression of retinal lesions in Coats' disease. AB - Coats' disease is characterized by vascular anomalies in the retina that are usually associated with exudates. In the absence of treatment the disease almost always progresses toward loss of vision and, often, loss of the eye. This report describes three patients in whom some of the retinal lesions apparently regressed spontaneously; only two other such patients are mentioned in the literature. These patients may have had a form of Coats' disease that has a better prognosis than usual for the eye. PMID- 7127203 TI - Bilateral Candida albicans dacryocystitis with facial cellulitis. AB - Candida albicans rarely infects the lacrimal drainage system. This paper describes a case of bilateral C. albicans dacryocystitis following midfacial trauma. The patient presented with recurrent facial cellulitis and a fistula opening onto the cheek. The condition was controlled only after bilateral dacryocystorhinostomy along with amphotericin B therapy. This appears to be the first reported case in which the lacrimal sacs acted as a reservoir for microorganisms causing recurrent facial cellulitis. PMID- 7127202 TI - Papilledema without peripheral neuropathy in a patient taking perhexiline maleate. AB - Perhexiline maleate is an agent currently under investigation in Canada that is used for angina unresponsive to other treatment. This paper describes a possible side effect previously unreported--papilledema not associated with peripheral neuropathy. PMID- 7127204 TI - Psychologic management of loss of vision. AB - Loss of vision is a social and psychologic handicap as well as a physical one. The patient's initial reactions to blindness may include self-pity, feelings of hopelessness and recrimination, and even suicidal ideation. The ophthalmologist should encourage expression of these feelings. Severe or lasting emotional problems are often associated with previous psychologic problems, previous eye disease, coexisting physical handicaps, middle age, low income, poor education, humility and shyness. Acceptance of one's visual loss is crucial to good adjustment. The ophthalmologist should be understanding and supportive but should help the patient avoid false hope. Every ophthalmologist should be able to provide blind patients with information about local agencies that offer social support and rehabilitation services. PMID- 7127205 TI - Present status: toxic substances in the environment. AB - "Environmental toxicology" and "ecotoxicology" are defined and the characteristic components of each discussed. The sources of chemical pollution (production and use of energy sources and industrial chemicals; increased agricultural practices) and their dispersion in the environment are put into perspective. Characteristics of some chemical pollutants are summarized. The problems facing these branches of toxicology as predictive disciplines are briefly presented. PMID- 7127206 TI - Cadmium toxicity in the newborn rat. AB - Newborn rats have about a 20-fold higher concentration of metallothionein in the liver than does the adult rat. This marked increase in hepatic metallothionein does not result in a lower acute toxicity to cadmium in newborn rats; it does not markedly increase the distribution of cadmium to the liver, decrease its concentration in other tissues, or produce a slower removal of the cadmium from younger animals. The toxicity of cadmium in the newborn rat appears to be more dependent on other factors such as the development of the blood-brain barrier and the stage of development of the testes than on the amount of metallothionein in the liver. The results of this study suggest that we should probably reevaluate the role of metallothionein in producing tolerance to cadmium. PMID- 7127207 TI - Perspectives on the central nervous system toxicity of methylmercury. AB - Methylmercury is a widespread and highly toxic environmental pollutant. The source of the substance in the environment is industrial and agricultural use. Chronic methylmercury poisoning is characterized by peripheral and central nervous system damage. The rate of absorption and distribution of this organomercurial into neural tissue determines the rate of development and the severity of the neural lesion. Furthermore, the rate of metabolism and excretion of an organomercurial will greatly influence its neural toxicity. There are differences in the accumulation of methylmercury in different regions of the brain, as well as by the different cell types in these regions. The significance of this variable accumulation of methylmercury is not known. Methylmercury influences a large number of neurocellular functions ranging from inhibition of membrane integrity to alteration in the synthesis and release of transmitter substances. PMID- 7127208 TI - Aerial spraying of fenitrothion in forest programs: some problems and some solutions. AB - Annually, large tracts of forest in eastern Canada are sprayed aerially with insecticides (fenitrothion, aminocarb) in attempts to control an epidemic infestation by an indigenous forest pest, the spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana, Clemens). The massive size of the spraying programs, the anecdotal reports of human exposure, and the potential for hazard to human health have led one province. New Brunswick, to initiate and fund specific environmental and laboratory studies which will provide adequate data upon which the government can base realistic legislation to protect both the forests and the population. These studies have included some unique field analyses of aerial spray drift conducted by a research group from the National Research Council; comparative subchronic studies in rats of fenitrothion and a new formulation; a nose-only inhalation study of this formulation in rats; field testing of the formulation for drift characteristics. Ongoing research involves the subchronic testing of the emulsifying agents being used routinely in the new formulation and studies of a low-drift additive which will stabilize the particle size of the spray. On the basis of the results to date, the government has been able to modify spraying techniques and to establish realistic buffer zones around human habitation. PMID- 7127209 TI - Assessing environmental toxins by human population effects. AB - The impact of toxins on the health of human populations can only be accurately assessed by epidemiologic methods. The investigation of toxin-disease associations in human populations and the accurate interpretation of data are often very difficult because of the existence of multiple confounding variables and the unrepresentativeness of sample or study populations. Factors influencing the deduction of cause and effect relationship rather than simple association are discussed, as is the need for continued development of epidemiological surveillance techniques. PMID- 7127210 TI - Trophic effects of chronic bethanechol on pancreas, stomach, and duodenum in rats. AB - Rats received a daily injection of 2, 6, or 12 mg kg-1 bethanechol for 7 or 14 days. Pancreatic weight and content of protein, amylase, and chymotrypsinogen were increased in a dose and time dependent fashion by bethanechol. After 14 days of treatment with the highest dose, pancreatic weight and total pancreatic DNA content increased to 1.18 times control (P less than 0.05) while protein increased to 1.25, amylase to 1.85, and chymotrypsinogen to 1.72 times control. There was a slight increase in oxyntic gland area weight in bethanechol-treated rats, but content of DNA, protein, and pepsinogen were not changed. Bethanechol had no effect on duodenal weight or content of DNA, protein, or maltase. Acute administration of 12 mg kg-1 bethanechol increased circulating gastrin levels for at least 4 h in unanesthetized rats. We conclude that long-term treatment with a cholinergic agonist produces pancreatic hyperplasia and increases protein and enzyme content. Under the conditions of this study, no effects were seen on oxyntic gland area of stomach or duodenum. PMID- 7127211 TI - Effects of dietary cholesterol level and type of dietary carbohydrate on hepatic and plasma sterols in the gerbil. AB - The influence of dietary cholesterol and type of carbohydrate on the level of free cholesterol, esterified cholesterol, and the type of cholesteryl esters in the liver of the Mongolian gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus, was studied by a series of experiments. Semipurified diets were fed in which the level of cholesterol was comparable to human intakes (0.1% by weight) or higher (0.5%) and the carbohydrate source was starch or sucrose or a mixture there of. All diets were devoid of bile acid and contained relative amounts of carbohydrate, protein, fat, and type of fat which approached human intakes in North America. Free cholesterol levels in liver were 60-140% greater and 15-30% greater when diets were supplemented to contain sterol levels of 0.5 and 0.1%, respectively, whereas hepatic cholesteryl ester levels were 11- to 23- fold greater and 2- to 3-fold greater, respectively. Levels of cholesterol (both free and esterified) in plasma were 175-725% greater in animals consuming 0.5% dietary cholesterol and 30-105% greater in gerbils ingesting 0.1% cholesterol as compared with levels in gerbils fed a basal (unsupplemented) diet. The type of dietary carbohydrate had a moderate influence on cholesterol levels in liver and plasma when dietary cholesterol was supplied at 0.5%. The percent contribution of 18:1 fatty acid to the liver cholesteryl esters was greater in cholesterol-supplemented gerbils, while the proportions of 16:0 and 18:2 acids were lower. These results indicate that the gerbil is highly sensitive to low levels of dietary cholesterol in diets which are also free of bile acid, in contrast to many other species, including the laboratory rat. The present findings support the usefulness of the gerbil model for studying the influence of dietary sterol on cholesterol metabolism. PMID- 7127212 TI - Cholinergic control of canine antral immunoreactive gastrin release and motility. AB - We used acute anesthetized dogs to investigate the role of cholinergic receptors in the relationship between antral immunoreactive (I) gastrin release and antral motility. Electrical stimulation of extrinsic nerves via the cervical vagus or the nerve of Latarjet appeared to increase I gastrin release and antral motility by separate pathways as blockade of muscarinic receptors, i.e., atropinization inhibited motility but did not alter I gastrin release. On the other hand, blockade of nicotinic receptors by hexamethonium treatment obliterated I gastrin release induced by stimulation of the extrinsic nerves but only reduced motility. Field stimulation of intrinsic nerves via serosal electrodes also increased both I gastrin release and local motility. Since hexamethonium treatment only slightly reduced both I gastrin release and motility and atropinization eliminated both during field stimulation, the presence of a muscarinic receptor in the final pathway for each is proposed. Atropine eliminated carbachol-induced I gastrin release and motility increases, even in the presence of nerve blockade by tetrodotoxin. This suggests that this muscarinic receptor is on the smooth muscle cell itself and possibly on the gastrin cell. However a proposed role of the somatostatin cell in controlling gastrin release is also consistent with these data. Thus, both an intrinsic cholinergic and a separate extrinsic noncholinergic pathway are involved in antral release of I gastrin but initiation of motility appears to involve a final common pathway terminating in a muscarinic receptor on the smooth muscle cell. PMID- 7127213 TI - Ion transport by the pig colon: effects of theophylline and dietary sodium restriction. AB - The effect of theophylline on colonic electrolyte transport was examined in an isolated, static loop system of the pig colon. The presence of theophylline abolished the net absorption of Na and water and increased the net secretion of HCO3. The net absorption of C1 or acetate was unaffected. In pigs adapted to a saltfree diet, the net absorption of Na was increased twofold from that observed in pigs fed the normal diet; however, the basal rate of net HCO3 secretion was unchanged. In the presence of theophylline, the saltfree diet restored net Na absorption to control levels, whereas the theophylline-induced increase in the rate of net HCO3 secretion was sustained. Results suggest that the relative rates of net Na and HCO3 transport are partially controlled by independent systems and indicate that normal rates of net absorption can be restored in the presence of a parallel secretory process. PMID- 7127214 TI - Metabolism of the perfused rabbit heart. V. Verapamil-induced release of creatine kinase. AB - The effects of verapamil (VER), at concentrations of 0 X 10(-9) X 10(-8) X 10( 7), and 5 X 10(-7) M (or 0, 0.5, 5, 50, and 250 ng/mL) were studied in the isolated rabbit heart during 70 min of aerobic perfusion with a standard Krebs bicarbonate medium at 37 degrees C. The studied variables were left ventricular performance (RPP, heart rate times left ventricular (LV) systolic pressure), coronary sinus flow (CSF), oxygen uptake (MVO2), rate of creatine kinase (CK) release, and energy stores (glycogen, creatine phosphate (CP), ATP, and total adenine nucleotides (TAN) ). The results show that (i) VER depressed RPP in a dose-related manner: (ii) MVO2 declined as VER concentration increased except in the 5 x 10(-7) M group which showed a paradoxical increase in O2 uptake; (iii) CSF was only slightly decreased by VER with the exception of the 5 x 10(-7) M group, which showed an increase in flow; (iv) VER was associated with increments in the rates of CK release in a dose-related fashion (2, 4, 15, and 29 times the rate observed in the untreated group), and (v) VER was associated with slight decrease in glycogen levels, but no changes in CP or adenine nucleotides. It is concluded that, in our preparation, VER caused marked increases in the rate of CK loss in the absence of depletion of total energy stores. The data suggest that the drug affects the permeability characteristics of the sarcolemma, perhaps via localized depletion of calcium stores. PMID- 7127215 TI - Effects of inotropic agents on arterial resistance and venous compliance in anesthetized dogs. AB - Systemic vascular effects of dopamine, dobutamine, and prenalterol were studied in 45 anesthetized open-chest dogs. Blood flow (Q) and right atrial pressure (Pra) were independently controlled by a right heart bypass. Transient changes in central blood volume after an acute reduction in Pra at a constant Q showed that blood was draining from two vascular compartments with different time constants, one fast and the other slow. Dopamine (2.5-10 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1) was the most active drug with dose-related increases in heart rate 6-19%, arterial pressure (Pa) 3-36%, and venous compliance 2-25%. Small doses of dopamine (2.5 and 5 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1) reduced arterial resistance of the slow time constant compartment increasing Q distribution to that compartment 21-42%, whereas larger doses increased both arterial resistance and venous compliance in that compartment. Arterial resistance in the fast time-constant compartment increased with all doses of dopamine. Dobutamine (2.5-10 micrograms X kg-1 X min 1) modestly increased heart rate 2-11% and Pa 9-12% without altering Q distribution demonstrating a relatively flat dose response. Dobutamine 2.5-5 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1 increased venous compliance 5-10% while 10 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1 had no effect or decreased compliance of both compartments. Prenalterol 3 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1 increased Pa 9% primarily by increasing arterial resistance in the fast time-constant compartment without altering heart rate or blood flow distribution. Doses of prenalterol 10-100 times greater caused dose-dependent reductions in Pa and vascular compliance. In this animal model of the circulation with a fixed cardiac output, dopamine had the greatest effect on the peripheral vasculature and chronotropy. PMID- 7127217 TI - Preparation and stability of indomethacin solutions. AB - Indomethacin is used in closure of the ductus arteriosus in newborn humans as well as in related research in near-term sheep and goats. Conflicting data in these studies have led to a reexamination of indomethacin stability. Solutions at various pH values, at two temperatures, and in polyethylene glycol (PEG-400), were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography for indomethacin and its products. Solutions below pH 7.4 were stable. Decomposition was rapid in alkaline solutions. Solutions at pH 7.4 showed no changes up to 24 h. Solutions of sodium indomethacin, and of indomethacin in PEG were stable. Solutions in aqueous Na2CO3 were variably stable depending on the mode of mixing. A solution prepared directly in 0.1 M Na2CO3 (pH 10.7) lost 75% of its content in 80 min; a similar solution diluted immediately with two volumes of pH 7.4 buffer (final pH 9.9) showed less decomposition. A solution in Na2CO3 adjusted to pH 7.4 with HCl was stable (at least 24 h). Solutions prepared by suspending indomethacin in 0.9% NaCl and adding Na2CO3 slowly were stable for 80 min; rapid mixing led to decomposition. Solutions in plasma were stable at -20 degrees C (2 months). Lack of indomethacin activity in some biological studies may have resulted from injection of inactive solutions. PMID- 7127216 TI - Comparison of responses of helical strips of artery from anesthetized and untreated rats. AB - A comparison was made of the responses of helical strips of rat ventral tail artery from rats killed by cervical dislocation and rats subjected to poly-drug anesthesia. Anesthetized rats were premedicated with meperidine and atropine. Anesthesia was induced with thiopental and maintained with N2O. The animals were paralyzed with pancuronium and ventilated for 1 h. A mixture of fentanyl and droperidol was administered during anesthesia. Responses of arterial strips from these rats to norepinephrine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, vasopressin, and transmural electrical stimulation were identical with those of similar strips from control rats. Poly-drug anesthesia does not alter responses of isolated strips subsequently studied in vitro. PMID- 7127218 TI - Contribution of renal sympathetic nerves to the urinary excretion of norepinephrine. AB - Increased activity of the renal sympathetic nerves may result in increased urinary excretion of norepinephrine (NE). In the present study, unilateral electrical stimulation of the renal nerves of the rabbit was employed to test this hypothesis. Stimulation of the renal nerves to one kidney at 2 Hz (group I) produced no significant alteration of plasma NE concentration, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), or NE excretion by either kidney. Stimulation at 4 Hz (group II) caused statistically significant reductions of GFR and urine flow in experimental kidneys, but the urinary excretion of NE, per millilitre GFR, and the CNE/GFR ratios were significantly greater than prestimulation values. In another group of animals (group III), an inhibitor of cation-specific tubular transport, cyanine 863 (6 mg/kg, i.v.), significantly reduced the prestimulation urinary excretion of NE by 60-70% when compared with that of groups I or II. Stimulation of the renal nerves (4 Hz) in the animals of group III caused a significant reduction in GFR in the experimental kidney but did not alter the urinary excretion of NE or the CNE/GFR ratios. The results of these studies indicate that an increase in renal nerve activity causes an increase in the urinary excretion of NE, and that tubular secretion is responsible for the excretion of the neuronally released catecholamine. PMID- 7127219 TI - Functional localization of pulmonary stretch receptors in the tracheobronchial tree of the kitten. AB - Seven kittens age 5 to 8 days were anaesthetized with ketamine, tracheotomized, cannulated just below the larynx, paralyzed, and ventilated. The thorax was widely opened and an expiratory load equal to the transpulmonary pressure at functional residual capacity (PLFRC) added. Single vagal fibers were dissected from the peripheral cut end of the right vagus nerve. Thirty-eight receptor discharges modulated during the respiratory cycle (pulmonary stretch receptors, PSR) were studied; 4 (10.5%) were tonically active at PLFRC while the remaining 34 had a mean threshold at 3.2 cmH2O. All the receptors progressively increased their discharge frequency with higher pressures reaching a plateau between 8-10 cmH2O. By occluding the airways at different levels of the tracheobronchial tree 32 PSR were functionally localized: none were found in the extrathoracic trachea; 3 (9.5%) were located in the intrathoracic trachea, 12 (37.5%) at the carina, main bronchi, and lobar bronchi, and 17 (53%) inside the lobes. All three tracheal receptors were tonic PSR. Previously obtained data from adult mammals indicate that 27-60% of PSR are tonically active and most of these are located in the trachea. The low incidence of tonically active PSR in the kitten may suggest a delayed functional maturation of the tracheal receptors. PMID- 7127220 TI - Differential sensitivity of hepatic microsomal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase to the inhibitory effect of SKF 525-A in rats of varying age, hormonal- and drug induced status. AB - The inhibition of hepatic microsomal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity by SKF 525-A in vitro was studied in hepatic microsomes from rats of varying age, sex hormone status, and drug treatment. The concentration of SKF 525-A required to produce a 50% inhibition of AHH activity, the IC50, was determined for the various microsomal preparations. Microsomes from adult female and immature rats exhibited a similar sensitivity to SKF 525-A. However, microsomes from adult male rats were significantly more sensitive to the inhibitory effect of the drug. AHH activity from pseudohermaphroditic male rats was found to have the same sensitivity to SKF 525-A as in the female littermates. Microsomes obtained from adult rats that had been pretreated with various cytochrome P-450 inducing agents yielded significantly different IC50 values from untreated controls. These differences in IC50 values indicated that the predominant form(s) of cytochrome P 450 that hydroxylate benzo(a)pyrene varied with the age, hormonal, and induced status of the animal. PMID- 7127221 TI - Effects of chronic exercise on cardiac output and its determinants. AB - A protocol which combines the noninvasive measurement of cardiac output (Q), systolic time intervals (STIs), and blood pressure was used to evaluate the effects of jogging on cardiac function. Studies were conducted during levels of steady-state cycle ergometer exercise which represented approximately 35, 55, and 75% of aerobic capacity. Subjects were 15 healthy men (mean age = 37.2 years) and 13 healthy controls. Predicted aerobic capacity (pred VO2max) increased 15 and 17% in the training group after 3 and 6 months of training; the control group displayed a small detraining effect. Changes in the training group versus control group included significant increases in exercise Q, stroke volume (SV), mean systolic ejection rate (MSER), and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Changes in STIs were small and usually nonsignificant. The findings, considered in relation to echocardiographic measurements from the same subjects (L. A. Wolfe, D. A. Cunningham, P. A. Rechnitzer, and P. M. Nichol. 1979 J. Appl. Physiol. 47: 207 212.), suggested that changes in cardiac output were due to an increased preload, rather than a change in exercise heart rate, reduced afterload, enhanced contractile state, or myocardial enlargement. PMID- 7127222 TI - Response of blood pressure and cardiac myosin polymorphism to swimming training in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - Cardiac muscle can adapt to different functional demands, as evidenced by polymorphism of myosin. Pressure load in spontaneously hypertensive rats induced a shift of the myosin isoenzymes towards myosin V3 (18% V1, 27% V2, 55% V3) relative to normotensive Wistar rats (49% V1, 29% V2, 22% V3). A swimming routine with Wistar rats resulted in a shift towards myosin V1 (72% V1, 18% V2, 10% V3). The training effect is not restricted to normotensive rats, since spontaneously hypertensive rats subjected to the same swimming routine exhibited a myosin isoenzyme pattern (38% V1, 31% V2, 31% V3) approaching that of the sedentary Wistar rats. Swimming training can, therefore, prevent the myosin isoenzyme redistribution towards myosin V3 found in sedentary spontaneously hypertensive rats. Furthermore, systolic blood pressure was significantly reduced (130 +/- 8 mmHg (1 mmHg = 133.322 Pa) ) in the swim-trained compared with the sedentary spontaneously hypertensive rats (157 +/- 12 mmHg). The training-induced changes in myosin polymorphism and systolic blood pressure are, at least partially, attributed to substantially normalized sympathetic activity. The functional relevance of swimming training in the spontaneously hypertensive rat is seen in the increased potential of coping with situations requiring fast contraction which may occur during sudden physical exertion or emotional stress. PMID- 7127223 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid formation in rats and cats during treatment with timolol. AB - The influence of timolol upon cerebrospinal fluid formation rate has been examined in rats by the measurement of 22Na+ entry into this fluid after 10, 100, or 1000 micrograms x kg-1 i.v. and in cats by the dye-dilution measurement of new fluid formation after 30, or 3000 microgram x kg-1 i.v., or 250 micrograms x mL-1 in ventricular perfusate. In rats no change from control rates occurred. In the cats there appeared to be no effect of intraventricular timolol; however, a significant decrease of approximately 25% in the mean flow rate was seen after 40 min when drug was given i.v. at either dose level. A time study showed that no further decrease occurred within 5 h and that the observed decrease continued for at least 3 h. These findings are of interest in view of the ability of topical, intraocular, and i.v. timolol to reduce aqueous humor formation rate. PMID- 7127224 TI - Challenges in screening for cancer of the cervix: delivery, technology and evaluation of programs. PMID- 7127227 TI - Erectile impotence precipitated by organic factors and perpetuated by performance anxiety. AB - A survey of 72 men with erectile impotence showed that for 14 the onset had been concurrent with the start of a temporary physical disability (in 8), temporary exposure to a chemical agent in doses thought to be significant (in 4) or the return of sexual opportunity after a long period of celibacy or near-celibacy (in 2 older men). After elimination of that possible cause the impotence had persisted owing to anxiety about sexual performance. In another 6 of the 72 there were persistent nonpsychic causes for the impotence. Thus, in 28% of the men surveyed the precipitating cause of erectile impotence was organic. A large proportion of the cases of erectile impotence participated by a temporary nonpsychic factor could probably have been prevented with appropriate professional advice--for example, at the time an antihypertensive drug capable of causing the dysfunction was first prescribed. PMID- 7127226 TI - Uterine cancers in Alberta: trends of incidence and mortality. AB - Death certificates were reviewed for the 543 Alberta women who died during the period 1969 through 1978 and for whom the underlying cause of death was coded as uterine cancer. To evaluate the recorded cause of death Alberta Cancer Registry records, which existed for 97% of the women, were examined. Calculations from the revised information showed an increase in the mortality of cancer of the corpus uteri and a decrease in the mortality of cancer of the cervix uteri over the 10 year period, but neither was statistically significant. During the same period in Alberta the incidence of cancer of the corpus uteri increased significantly and the incidence of cancer of the cervix uteri decreased significantly. PMID- 7127225 TI - Cervical cancer screening programs: summary of the 1982. Canadian task force report. AB - The Canadian Task Force on Cervical Cancer Screening Programs, which produced its first report in 1976, was reconvened by the Department of National Health and Welfare in 1980 in response to concerns expressed about the significance of new data, changing sociosexual patterns and wide variations in the implementation of the 1976 recommendations. This article is a summary of the 1982 task force report. In addition to updates of the 1976 material new sections appear on groups at risk, mathematical models of screening, quality control in screening programs, cytologic screening coverage of the Canadian population and management of patients with abnormal smears. The 1982 recommendations deal with frequency of screening, laboratory quality control and follow-up mechanisms. The task force concludes that measures to improve the quality and sensitivity of screening programs and to include women who have never been screened will be more effective in reducing mortality from carcinoma of the cervix than will attempts to increase the frequency of screening. The task force views as unnecessary the annual screening of women over 35 years of age whose previous smears have been normal. Since younger women are sexually more active and tend to have more than one sexual partner they are at high risk. Therefore, the task force recommends annual screening for sexually active women aged 18 to 35 years. Physicians, health care professionals and government health agencies have a role to play in informing women about the recommended intervals for cervical smears and ensuring that screening programs of adequate quality are available. Although women are primarily responsible for entering and continuing in such a program, government sponsored registries are essential if the full potential of cervical smear programs is to be realized. PMID- 7127228 TI - Acute renal failure secondary to bilateral ureteric obstruction: review of 50 cases. AB - The records of 50 patients with acute renal failure secondary to bilateral ureteric obstruction were reviewed. An underlying malignant disorder was the cause of the obstruction in 38 of the patients and had not previously been diagnosed in almost half of them. Carcinomas of the cervix and prostate were the most frequent malignant disorders, and aggressive management resulted in good survival rates. Similarly, the outcome for patients with benign bilateral ureteric obstruction, usually caused by retroperitoneal fibrosis, was good with proper management. PMID- 7127229 TI - [Immediate effects of dimenhydrinate on uterine contraction and the fetal cardiac rhythm during labor]. AB - The effects of intravenous administration of 100 mg of dimenhydrinate (Gravol) were studied in 20 patients during active spontaneous labour. The uterine activity and the fetal heart rate were monitored by an invasive technique. After administration of the medication the uterine activity increases significantly, and in 20% of the cases decelerations in the fetal heart rate of the hypoxic type occurred. Because of its unpredictable effects, this drug should be used with care during labour. PMID- 7127230 TI - Persistent skin and nail infection by an exotic fungus, Hendersonula toruloidea. PMID- 7127232 TI - Toxic shock syndrome associated with a contraceptive diaphragm. PMID- 7127233 TI - Interview: a conversion with Peter Rocklington. PMID- 7127231 TI - Rifampin therapy for Staphylococcus epidermidis endocarditis. PMID- 7127234 TI - Human fertility controls in Canada. PMID- 7127235 TI - High risk follow-up program of the infant and family in the community. PMID- 7127237 TI - Multivariate analysis of variables related to cigarette smoking among children in grades four to six. PMID- 7127236 TI - Immunization program planning in Canada. PMID- 7127238 TI - Parkwood Day Hospital: an alternative for the impaired elderly. PMID- 7127239 TI - Health hazard appraisal--the influence of an employee fitness program. PMID- 7127240 TI - Determination of fluoride in Canadian infant foods and calculation of fluoride intakes by infants. PMID- 7127241 TI - Rheumatoid factors in sera from Greenlanders. PMID- 7127242 TI - An investigation into the quality of service provided by telephone hotlines for family planning services. PMID- 7127243 TI - An evaluation of the routine postnatal public health nurse home visit. PMID- 7127244 TI - Newborn screening for phenylketonuria: incidence and screening procedures in North America. PMID- 7127245 TI - Clinical cancer research: an embattled species. AB - Clinical cancer research is at a crossroads. The major progress which has been achieved will continue, provided that factors which threaten the clinical cancer researcher are identified and corrected. These problems (with proposed solutions) include: the increasing number of clinical oncologists, particularly medical oncologists; the relationship of the practicing clinical oncologist to cancer centers; the relative attractions of clinical practice, on the one side, and basic science on the other, as compared to clinical cancer research; the lack of recognition that clinical cancer research provides an opportunity for high achievement and challenge, and originality; the threat of curtailment of research funding; jurisdictional and other conflicts between scientific and clinical disciplines; the emerging "establishment generation" of clinical oncology; and the bureaucratic and regulatory ambience that has increasingly enveloped the clinical cancer researcher. That opportunities for originality continue was illustrated by a new therapeutic surgery known as neoadjuvant or anterior chemotherapy. In this strategy, systemic treatment is employed prior to surgery and/or radiotherapy for patients with head and neck cancer has increased operability ("upstaged" the patient) and on preliminary analysis would appear to be increasing disease-free survival. A clinical trial in osteogenic sarcoma involving initial chemotherapy has indicated that such treatment not only provides substantial regression of the primary in the majority of patients but also results in a substantially improved disease-free and overall survival, particularly in patients with locally responsive disease. PMID- 7127247 TI - Combination chemotherapy in advanced carcinoma of the cervix. AB - Two combinations of Adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, and vincristine, one with and one without 5-fluorouracil, were used to treat 27 patients with advanced cervical cancer. One complete remission (3.7%) and one partial remission (3.7%) were observed; both patients are leading a normal life with no evidence of disease after more than 28 months. Thirteen patients (48.1%) had stable disease for a median duration of 3.0 months but only two showed an improvement in the performance status. No significant difference in the survival rate was noted between those with stable disease and those with progressive disease as analyzed by the life table technique. Despite moderate toxicity, the regimens cannot be recommended for recurrent and advanced carcinoma of the uterine cervix because of the low response rate. PMID- 7127246 TI - Early tumor and leukemia response to alkyllysophospholipids in a phase I study. AB - In a phase I study on the toxicity and toleration of alkyllysophospholipids, tumor and leukemia responses have been noted in the first treated patients. Six patients with solid malignomas of different histologic types and one patient with acute myeloid leukemia are evaluable so far. All of them suffered from metastatic or wide-spread disease, were refractory to adequate polychemotherapy or other treatment modalities, or have been found untreatable because of poor general condition. Four cases revealed objective tumor and leukemia response with a minor response in a hypernephroma, two partial remissions in nonsmall cell bronchogenic carcinomas and reduction of leukemic blasts to less than 10% in acute myeloid leukemia. Limiting toxicity started with doses of 20 mg/kg given daily showing transient injury of renal and liver functions. PMID- 7127248 TI - Prognostic indicators in stage III and localized stage IV breast cancer. AB - One hundred eighty-three patients with Stage III and nonmetastatic Stage IV breast cancer, seen between 1960-1975 at the Division of Radiation Oncology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, were retrospectively analyzed to determine the prognostic significance of the following clinical features: (1) "grave signs" (skin ulceration, skin fixation, chest wall fixation, and edema); (2) size of primary tumor; (3) nodal stage; and (4) inflammatory changes. Since therapy among 147 patients with noninflammatory cancer comprised of either irradiation alone (54 patients) or surgery plus irradiation (93 patients), all the above factors were analyzed also with respect to the method of treatment. In 147 patients with noninflammatory carcinoma, the local failure rate, regional failure rate, distant failure rate and five-year disease free survival were all unaffected by the presence or absence of "grave signs," whether treated by irradiation alone or surgery plus irradiation. The size of the primary tumor, in patients treated with irradiation alone, influenced the rate of local failure (44% for tumors 0-8 cm and 76% for tumors greater than or equal to 8 cm) and five-year disease-free survival (30 versus 4%, respectively). Such a statistically significant difference in local failure rate or disease-free survival was not noted when treated with combined modality. N stage also influenced the prognosis in patients treated with irradiation alone since the regional failure rate increased from 9% for N0, N1 to 58% for N2, N3 patients. This was reflected in a decreased disease free survival (4 versus 30%) for patients with advanced nodal disease who were treated with irradiation alone. No such difference was noted when the nodal disease was treated with a combination of surgery and irradiation. The 36 patients with inflammatory carcinoma had essentially the same incidence of local, regional and distant failure as the 147 patients with noninflammatory carcinoma but the appearance of distant metastases occurred significantly earlier in patients with inflammatory carcinoma than in those with noninflammatory carcinoma. This earlier appearance of distant metastases was reflected in the significantly lower disease-free survival for the patients with inflammatory carcinoma (6 versus 28%). The data from this analysis suggests that consideration should be given to removing the presence of grave signs from the current AJC staging system and substituting in its place the size of the primary tumor (less than 8 cm versus greater than or equal to 8 cm). Further analysis on a large number of patients is needed to substantitate this recommendation. PMID- 7127249 TI - Lymphocytotoxic serum factors and lymphocyte functions in untreated Hodgkin's disease. AB - The prevalence of complement dependent, cold-reactive lymphocytotoxic serum factors (LT) was studied in 80 untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease by a microcytotoxicity assay. Sera from 24 patients (30%) contained LT as judged from at least 50% lysis of lymphocytes from 16 to 23 randomly selected normal donors. The spontaneous incorporation of 14C-thymidine into blood lymphocytes from patients with LT was significantly higher than that of lymphocytes from LT negative patients and from healthy controls. Total lymphocyte and T-cell counts, Concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen-induced lymphocyte DNA synthesis were lower in patients with LT. Lymphocytotoxic sera were more frequently encountered in patients with B symptoms, advanced disease, or nodular sclerosis/lymphocyte predominance histopathologic characteristics. LT were often found in patients with large and tumor-involved spleens. The ability of patient's serum to inhibit control lymphocyte response to Concanavalin A stimulation did not differ between LT-positive and LT-negative patients. We conclude that the presence of LT is associated with a quantitative and qualitative impairment of blood T-lymphocytes in untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7127250 TI - The glucose distribution in 9L rat brain multicell tumor spheroids and its effect on cell necrosis. AB - The glucose consumption rate of 9L rat brain tumor cells was determined as a function of concentration. Glucose uptake followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a Km of 0.58 mM and a Vmax of 1.6 pg/cell-min. The glucose diffusion coefficient in spheroids of 9L tumor cells was determined to be 1.5 x 10(-6) cm2/s at 37 degrees C. Using these parametric values, the glucose distribution in 9L multicell spheroids was calculated and related to the viable and necrotic zones. PMID- 7127251 TI - The role of glucose in the growth of 9L multicell tumor spheroids. AB - Monolayer-cultured 9L rat brain tumor cells grew optimally in culture media containing glucose concentrations greater than 0.07 mg/ml, but growth ceased at concentrations lower than this value. Assuming that this glucose concentration defines the proliferating fraction of cells in 9L multicell tumor spheroids, it is possible to simulate spheroid growth based on the intraspheroid glucose distribution derived by the author earlier. An excellent fit to experimental growth data was obtained by assigning the proliferating fraction a growth rate constant equal to 40% of that of monolayer-cultured cells. This definition is in accord with our observation that the colony-forming efficiency (CFE) of spheroid derived cells is 40% of the CFE of cells maintained in monolayer. This suggests that the role of glucose in 9L cell growth is similar in spheroids and in monolayer culture. PMID- 7127253 TI - Measurement of sialyl transferase activity and serum glycoproteins in malignant and beningn (hyperparathyroid) hypercalcemia. AB - Serum sialyl tranferase activity (STA) and protein bound carbohydrate were measured in hypercalcemic patients with surgically documented hyperparathyroidism (n = 15) or with cancer without skeletal metastases (n = 10). Precipitable protein-bound sialic acid and hexosamine, but not neutral hexoses or fucose were significantly (P less than 0.025) increased 40% and 21% respectively, in the perchlorate treated sera of cancer patients. Measurements of some specific serum glycoproteins by radial immunodiffusion assay were also different (P less than 0.05). Mean seromucoid protein was almost twice as great in the group with cancer (P less than 0.005), but four of these values overlapped those from the patients with hyperparathyroidism. The mean STA was 21.1 (range, 9.0-46.8) activity units in the patients with the cancer and 9.2 (range 1.0-17.8) in the patients with hyperparathyroidism (P less than 0.005). Six of the patients with cancer had values above the upper limit of the group with hyperparathyroidism. A discriminant function generated from these data correctly classified all the patients with hyperparathyroidism and 70% of those with cancer. Measurements of seromucoid and STA deserve further consideration as a way to discriminate some cases of hypercalcemia. PMID- 7127254 TI - Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. A clinicopathologic study of a large family with a 27 year follow-up. AB - A family group of ten patients with the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome has been followed for a 27-year period. Eight members of the family had one or more manifestations of the syndrome. One member of the family died following a bypass procedure of a nonresectable carcinoma of the jejunum. Postmortem examination revealed this to be an adenocarcinoma of the jejunum arising in a Peutz-Jeghers polyp and metastases were present in the mesenteric lymph nodes. Two members of the family developed breast carcinomas, one arising in a fibroadenoma; both patients died, one of metastatic breast carcinoma, the other of a second primary malignancy (adenocarcinoma of the jejunum arising in a Peutz-Jeghers polyp). Three family members had benign ovarian tumors, one patient had a benign breast tumor and another patient had a benign colloid thyroid nodule. While the authors of this report believe that they have added a documented case of an adenocarcinoma of the jejunum arising in a Peutz-Jeghers polyp to the literature, the exact risk of intestinal cancer in the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is unknown, but probably very small. Gastrointestinal surgery should continue to be performed in symptomatic patients and all patients should be followed closely at regular intervals. PMID- 7127255 TI - Cytosol estrogen and progestin receptors in endometrial carcinoma of patients treated with surgery, radiotherapy, and progestin. Clinical correlates. AB - Cytosol progestin (PR) and estrogen receptor (ER) concentrations were measured in 114 endometrial carcinoma specimens from 109 patients; these levels were correlated with clinical and histopathologic characteristics, and with clinical outcome in 44 patients followed for at least two years after the primary therapy consisting of surgery, irradiation and adjuvant administration of progestin. Eighty percent of all specimens were simultaneously PR- and ER-positive (greater than or equal to 6 fmol and greater than or equal to 3 fmol/mg protein, respectively) whereas 10% were both PR- and ER-negative. Early clinical stages (I and II) were more often receptor-positive, and the receptor concentration in these tumors was higher than in advanced or recurrent disease. The same was the case for superficial as compared with deeply invasive lesions. Both PR and ER concentrations in well or moderately differentiated tumors were higher than in anaplastic carcinomas. PR and ER concentrations did not correlate with the age of menopausal status, body weight or carbohydrate metabolism of the patients. In the patient group followed up for two years or more, the receptor-poor tumors tended to behave more aggressively than did receptor-rich malignancies in relation to patient survival. The measurement of PR and ER concentrations in advanced endometrial carcinoma has been proved useful in the selection of hormonal or cytotoxic chemotherapy. The current results advocate their use of prognostic risk factors which might be useful in selection of the most efficient treatment modalities for individual patients. PMID- 7127256 TI - Metastases to the uterine corpus from extragenital cancers. A clinicopathologic study of 63 cases. AB - This report is an analysis of 63 cases of metastatic cancers to the uterine corpus from extragenital neoplasms. The patients' ages ranged from 34-88 years (mean, 59.7 years). Twenty lesions were discovered in surgical specimens and 43 were detected at autopsy. The primary tumors arose in the breast (42.9%), colon (17.5%), stomach (11.1%), pancreas (11.1%), gallbladder (4.8%), lung (4.8%), cutaneous melanoma (3.2%), urinary bladder (3.2%), and thyroid (1.6%). In five (25%) of the surgical cases, uterine metastases were the first indication of the presence of an extragenital primary cancer. Metastases to leiomyomas were found in 13 instances. The myometrium was more often involved than the endometrium, but endometrial curettings contained the metastatic tumor in numerous cases. Metastases to the ovaries were detected in almost two thirds of cases. Although an infrequent event, abnormal uterine bleeding may result from secondary spread to the uterine corpus from an extragenital primary neoplasm. PMID- 7127257 TI - Endometrial stromal sarcoma and poorly differentiated endometrial sarcoma. AB - U.T.M.D. Anderson Hospital cases filed as endometrial sarcoma were reviewed. Malignant mixed Mullerian tumors, Mullerian adenosarcomas, and poorly differentiated sarcomas of uncertain origin were excluded, and a minimum of 36 months follow-up was required. On pathologic examination, the remaining cases fell into two distinct groups: endometrial stromal sarcoma (11 cases) and poorly differentiated endometrial sarcoma (seven cases). The former were characterized histologically by small to medium-sized uniform cells and distinctive arterial vasculature resembling the spiral arteries to the normal endometrium; they were thus considered to exhibit endometrial stromal differentiation. The latter showed topographic configurations indicative of endometrial origin but did not demonstrate endometrial stromal differentiation; they were composed of generally larger cells with nuclear hyperchromatism and pleomorphism and had no distinctive vascular pattern. The mitotic rate was usually low in endometrial stromal sarcoma and high in poorly differentiated endometrial sarcoma, although two examples of the former had more than 20 mitoses per 10 high-power fields. All but one of the patients with endometrial stromal sarcoma were less than 50 years of age, whereas all of those with poorly differentiated endometrial sarcoma were older than 50 years. One patient with endometrial stromal sarcoma died of tumor, two were living with tumor at latest follow-up, and eight were clinically tumor-free. By contrast, six of those with poorly differentiated endometrial sarcoma died of tumor, all within 34 months. The extent of tumor was the major prognostic factor in both groups; the three patients with endometrial stromal sarcoma who were dead or living with tumor all had extrauterine extension at the time of hysterectomy (only one of the other eight did so) and all six who died with poorly differentiated endometrial sarcoma had myometrial invasion (the one survivor had a tumor limited to the endometrium). Other pathologic factors, including mitotic rate, had no prognostic significance in either category; of particular interest was that both patients who had endometrial stromal sarcomas with high mitotic rates were tumor-free. It is concluded that endometrial stromal sarcoma is a distinct tumor entity whose diagnosis should not depend on mitotic rate, and it is suggested that poorly differentiated endometrial sarcoma is closely related to malignant mixed Mullerian tumor, in view of clinical and pathologic similarities. PMID- 7127258 TI - Theoretical aspects of weight loss in patients with cancer. Possible importance of pyruvate dehydrogenase. AB - In the analysis of weight loss in cancer patients, consideration must be given to decreased caloric intake, increased caloric expenditure and abnormal losses of calories. When these factors do not adequately explain the degree of weight loss, this may be due to a specific loss of lean body mass, as the caloric density of muscle is much less than that of fat. The key enzyme for the protection of lean body mass in hypocaloric states is pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH). During fasting, fast oxidation in host tissues leads to inactivation of PDH, preventing irreversible loss of pyruvate precursors which would have to be replaced by protein breakdown. A tumor in which PDH activity remains high in the fasting state would cause loss of lean body mass in the host. This report suggests that this phenomenon may be important in certain patients with cancer cachexia. PMID- 7127259 TI - Defect in assimilation following combined radiation and chemotherapy in patients with locally unresectable pancreatic carcinoma. AB - The relative contributions of high-dose irradiation and/or chemotherapy to the nutritional problems of patients with inoperable pancreatic carcinoma were evaluated by study of pancreatic exocrine function and jejunal function and morphologic findings in ten patients before and after treatment. Nutrient assimilation studies included determination of serum carotene levels, D-xylose absorption and fat absorption. Crosby capsule biopsy specimen of jejunal mucosa were evaluated with light microscopy. Fat assimilation was the only parameter of nutritional function to significantly worsen after therapy. Low serum carotene levels present in the patients before therapy remained low but did not significantly change after treatment. D-xylose absorption and the morphologic structure of the jejunal mucosa were normal before and after treatment. These findings support the previous observations that the nutritional problems of the patient with inoperable pancreatic carcinoma are due to pancreatic insufficiency and that high dose irradiation and chemotherapy can exacerbate the pancreatic insufficiency but do not produce jejunal dysfunction. Therefore, it is suggested that pancreatic exocrine replacement therapy may improve the nutritional status of these patients. PMID- 7127252 TI - Undifferentiated non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (Burkitt's and non-Burkitt's types). The relevance of making this histologic distinction. AB - A retrospective study of 66 cases of undifferentiated non-Hodgkin's lymphomas at the National Cancer Institute over a 22-year period suggests that the histologic distinction between Burkitt's and non-Burkitt's types is clinicopathologically meaningful. Thirty-nine patients with Burkitt's lymphoma had a median age at presentation of ten years. The primary site of disease in these patients was more commonly extranodal; at the time of diagnosis 26 (66%) of these cases revealed intra-abdominal involvement; 25 (64%) of the cases were Stage IV. The 27 patients with non-Burkitt's lymphomas had a median age at presentation of 34 years; the primary site of disease was more commonly nodal (peripheral adenopathy was often present at the time of diagnosis); only nine (33%) of the cases were Stage IV. Median survival was essentially equivalent in the two groups, 9.5 months for Burkitt's lymphoma and 10.0 months for the non-Burkitt's lymphoma. Overall, survival was not significantly different among the two patient populations; however, patients with Burkitt's lymphoma had a longer survival than those with non-Burkitt's lymphoma. Estimates of five-year survival (with 95% confidence) are 42% for Burkitt's lymphoma and 11% for non-Burkitt's lymphoma, respectively, which are significantly different (P = 0.01). PMID- 7127261 TI - Case report of a primary cystic sarcoma of the kidney, demonstrating fibrohistiocytic, osteoid, and cartilaginous components (malignant mesenchymoma). AB - The first case of a primary, cystic sarcoma of the kidney, containing fibrohistiocytic, osteoid, and cartilaginous elements (malignant mesenchymoma) is reported. The neoplasm occurred in a 29-year-old white woman, who had a right upper quadrant mass at least four years prior to presentation. Light and electron microscopy findings are presented. A 14-month follow-up revealed an extensive tumor recurrence in the right perirenal area with no apparent metastastic disease. PMID- 7127260 TI - Nonepithelial tumors of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx. A clinicopathologic study. XII: Schwann cell tumors (neurilemoma, neurofibroma, malignant schwannoma). AB - Twelve Schwann cell tumors (two neurilemomas, six neurofibromas, and four malignant schwannomas), arising in the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses or nasopharynx, are described. Schwann cell neoplasms only rarely develop in this area. Clinically, these tumors lead to nonspecific symptoms including nasal obstruction epistaxis, facial pain and swellling, and proptosis, similar to those produced by other neoplasms that involve this area. On radiologic examination, a mass lesion may be identified. Benign Schwann cell tumors may lead to bone erosion, which thus is not necessarily a sign of malignancy. The correct diagnosis of Schwann cell tumor is usually made only when histologic sections are studied. The histologic differentiation between Schwann cell neoplasms and myxomas, fibroblastic tumors, fibrous histiocytomas and fibro-osseous lesions is discussed. Treatment depends upon the type of tumor. Neurilemomas, which usually are encapsulated neoplasms, can be treated by local excision. Neurofibromas may infiltrate extensively, and thus may require an extensive surgical resection; however, functional and cosmetic considerations should be taken into account because neurofibromas, even if incompletely excised, may recur clinically only after many years. Malignant schwannomas tend to be aggressive neoplasms, but because of the anatomy of the area, radical resections leading to complete removal of the tumor cannot always be carried out. PMID- 7127265 TI - American Cancer Society Working Conference: The psychological, social and behavioral medicine aspects of cancer: research and professional education needs and directions for the 1980s. Minneapolis, Minnesota July 29-31, 1981. PMID- 7127262 TI - Primary extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts. Report of a case. AB - A previously healthy, 59-year-old man suddenly developed epigastric pain followed by jaundice. Extensive clinical investigations suggested that the patient had a sclerosing cholangitis. At laparotomy, the extrahepatic bile ducts near their confluence were found markedly thickened. A biopsy specimen was obtained from the common bile duct. It showed a diffuse lymphohistiocytic infiltration, suggesting a lymphomatous infiltration. No evidence of a lymphoma was found in the abdominal cavity or in the retroperitoneal spaces. The clinical consensus at that time was that the patient had a primary sclerosing cholangitis involving the extrahepatic bile ducts. Biliary obstruction was released. Five months later, the patient developed a disseminated lymphoma, lymphohistiocytic, diffuse in type. PMID- 7127264 TI - Colon transposition in the management of upper gastrointestinal cancer. AB - Restoration of swallowing after the resection of malignant disease in the upper gastrointestinal tract, including the pharynx, remains a surgical challenge. Recontructive techniques using a viscus are reviewed and 40 consecutive cases treated at the Royal Marsden Hospital (1965-1980) by colon transposition are reported. The major indication for this procedure was postradiation relapse of pharyngolaryngeal cancer requiring pharyngolaryngectomy. In 60% of the cases, a long-segment colon transposition was carried out through a retrosternal tunnel. The presternal subcutaneous route was used in one third of the cases and the posterior mediastinum in 7%. The 30-day operative mortality was 20% overall, but in recent years it was lowered to 7%. The major complications were cervical fistula (25%) and bronchopneumonia (20%), which frequently occurred together in patients who had undergone prior radiation therapy. Colon necrosis occurred in two cases. The functional outcome was satisfactory, with good results in 78%. Late structures due to marginal arteritis were observed if further radiation therapy was used in the cervical region. Where follow-up data was available, the mean survival was 36 months (range, 2-180; median 18 months) and the three-year survival rate was 32%. Colon transposition must remain an alternative to gastric transposition and is a durable esophageal substitute for long-term palliation. PMID- 7127263 TI - Relation of adenoma to carcinoma in the gallbladder. AB - In order to clarify the relation of adenoma to carcinoma in the gallbladder, histopathologic examination was made on surgical specimens of 1605 cholecystectomies. Among them, 11 benign adenomas, seven adenomas with malignant change, and 79 invasive carcinomas were found. All of the benign adenomas were 12 mm or less in diameter (average diameter, 5.5 +/- 3.1 mm), while the adenomas having cancerous foci were 12 mm or more in diameter (average diameter, 17.6 +/- 4.4 mm). Most invasive carcinomas were more than 30 mm in diameter. The average patient age was 50.5 +/- 16.3 years for benign adenomas, 58.3 +/- 12.6 years for adenomas with malignant change, and 64.8 +/- 9.6 years for invasive carcinomas. Transition of benign adenoma into carcinoma was histologically traceable. Adenomatous residue was found in 15 (19.0%) of 79 cases of invasive carcinoma. PMID- 7127266 TI - Research in adaptation to illness and psychosocial intervention. An overview. PMID- 7127267 TI - Workshop report. Research in adaptation to illness and psychosocial intervention. PMID- 7127268 TI - Biobehavioral interventions in behavioral medicine. An overview. PMID- 7127271 TI - Workshop report. Behavioral and psychosocial research in childhood cancer. PMID- 7127269 TI - Workshop report. Biobehavioral interventions in behavioral medicine. PMID- 7127270 TI - Behavioral and psychological research in childhood cancer. An overview. PMID- 7127272 TI - Behavioral, psychological, and social influences on risk factors, prevention, and early detection. PMID- 7127273 TI - Psychopharmacologic applications to cancer. An overview. PMID- 7127274 TI - Workshop report. Psychopharmacologic applications to cancer. PMID- 7127276 TI - Quantitative analysis of initiating and promoting activities of five mycotoxins in liver carcinogenesis in rats. AB - The initiating and promoting activities of several mycotoxins were investigated in F344 male rats. N-2-Fluorenylacetamide (2-FAA) was used as an initiator or a promoter and citrinin, ochratoxin A, sterigmatocystin, (+)rugulosin or patulin was administered at a fixed dose for the same period in the initiation stage or the promotion stage. Partial hepatectomy and administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) were examined to increase the induction of hyperplastic nodules. Ochratoxin A, sterigmatocystin and (+)rugulosin administered in either the initiating or the promoting stage significantly increased the induction of hyperplastic nodules. Citrinin and patulin administered in the initiating stage significantly increased the induction of hyperplastic nodules, but were not effective when administered during the promoting stage. The theoretical classification of the mycotoxins examined is discussed. PMID- 7127275 TI - Agglutination of isolated rat bladder cells by lectins after administration of N butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine. AB - Lectins, concanavalin A (Con A), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA) were used for agglutination of isolated rat bladder cells after administration of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine (BBN). The results showed that WGA and RCA, as well as Con A, agglutinated rat bladder cells during the early stage of bladder carcinogenesis. The agglutinations by the 3 kinds of lectins were different; WGA and Con a agglutinated only BBN-treated cells but RCA agglutinated both BBN-membrane alterations during the early phase of bladder carcinogenesis. PMID- 7127278 TI - [14C]leucine chloromethylketone interaction with sarcoma 37 cell plasma membrane components. AB - Leucine chloromethylketone labeling of viable S37 cells was preferential for the plasma membrane fraction. The pattern of radiolabeling of the plasma membrane proteins was time dependent. After 5 min the radiolabel was localized with glutamyl transpeptidase, and subsequently with other physiologically active proteins as a function of time after incubation. Labeling of proteins was temperature dependent and incubation of viable S37 cells with the radiolabeled substrate at 0 degrees C yielded little or no radioactivity localized in the plasma membrane. The molecular weight of one radiolabeled substrate--membrane protein complex was estimated on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to be between 100,000-200,000. PMID- 7127277 TI - The proliferative effect of dietary butylated hydroxyanisole on methylazoxymethanol treated colonic mucosa. AB - Pulse [3H]TdR labeling of CF1 mice fed butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA, 5 g/kg), given 6 injections of methylazoxymethanol (MAM), and examined 1 week later revealed reduction of colonic epithelial cell proliferation compared with rodents not fed BHA (labeling index (LI) 8.8 +/- 2.7 vs. 11.4 +/- 1.7). Dietary BHA did not prevent extension of the proliferative compartment to the upper third of crypts in MAM treated mice but did restrain the percentage of DNA synthesis shifted to the middle and upper third of the glands (18.5% vs. 26.4%). The mean distribution of the highest labeled cell in BHA was 12 cell positions below that seen in the MAM treated animals with no dietary BHA (position 14 vs. 26) indicating the ability of BHA to contain the size of the proliferative compartment. The accumulated differences between MAM treated groups based on LI along the entire length of the crypts revealed 85% greater activity in the mice not receiving BHA supplementation. Markedly reduced epithelial cell proliferation acts to interfere with the emergence of transmissable neoplastic mutations while containment of the proliferative compartment and restriction of the upward shift of DNA synthesizing cells inhibits adenomatous tumor formation known to appear in the upper regions of the crypts. PMID- 7127279 TI - Schedule optimization of hydroxyurea and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine in sarcoma 180 in vitro. PMID- 7127280 TI - Azomycin riboside, a sugar homologue of misonidazole with favorable radiosensitizing properties. PMID- 7127281 TI - Kinetic characteristics of citrate influx and efflux with mitochondria from Morris hepatomas 3924A and 16. PMID- 7127282 TI - Time-dose relationships for 5-fluorouracil cytotoxicity against human epithelial cancer cells in vitro. PMID- 7127283 TI - DNA degradation in chinese hamster ovary cells after exposure to hyperthermia. AB - Chinese hamster ovary cells grown in suspension showed a progressive reduction in the size of their nuclear DNA to 50 to 60S fragments after hyperthermia (43-48 degrees). This DNA degradation was not a homogeneous response but was observed only in cells incapable of attaching to a substratum after acute heating. The DNA degradation was associated with the inability of cells to exclude the vital stain, trypan blue. The degradation process appeared to be a result of nucleolytic enzyme digestion which accompanies cell necrosis. A similar phenomenon was observed in heated monolayer cells but only after significantly greater time-temperature exposures. Our results show that cellular subpopulations can be separated after hyperthermia and that these subpopulations are biochemically distinct and characterized by different viability. PMID- 7127284 TI - Characterization of protein carboxyl-O-methyltransferase in the spontaneous in vivo murine C-1300 neuroblastoma. AB - Protein carboxy-O-methyltransferase (PCM) activity was determined in subcellular fractions prepared from C-1300 neuroblastoma tumors following transplantation and growth in male A/J mice. Fractions were obtained by differential centrifugation, and PCM activity was determined in all fractions in the presence (+gel) and absence (-gel) of an exogenous substrate, gelatin. Sixty % of the PCM activity in the absence of exogenous substrate (-gel) was contained in the crude 800 X g particulate fraction, whereas 80% of the PCM activity in the presence of gelatin (+gel) was present in the postmicrosomal (100,000 X g) supernatant. The latter fraction also contained the highest specific activity of PCM. A Km of 3.2 X 10( 6) M and a Vmax of 5.3 pmol per mg protein per min were obtained for PCM activity (+gel) in the high-speed supernatant. Cytoplasmic PCM was highly sensitive to competitive inhibition by S-adenosylhomocysteine and the S-adenosyl-homocysteine analogs sinefungin and A-9145C with Ki values of 0.64, 0.47, and 0.05 microM, respectively. These data demonstrate that PCM present in murine neuroblastoma has characteristics similar to those of PCM isolated from other adrenergic and neuronal tissues. S-Adenosyl-homocysteine analogs may be useful probes for studying the role of PCM as a modulator of cell function in neurogenic and neoplastic tissues. PMID- 7127285 TI - Concomitant inhibition of tumor-associated inflammatory responses and rapid enhancement of cyclophosphamide-induced tumor regression by hydrocortisone. PMID- 7127286 TI - Estrogen binding sites in the nucleus of normal and malignant human tissue: optimization of an exchange assay for the measurement of specific binding. AB - An exchange assay has been validated and used to measure the total concentration of estrogen receptors in the nuclei of cells from human breast tumors and myometrium. Tissue homogenates were centrifuged through 1.2 M sucrose pads to separate crude chromatin from soluble ane membranous fractions. The yield of DNA by this procedure was approximately 80%. Total binding sites were measured by incubating the sedimented pellets with tritiated estradiol at 30 degrees for 60 min and then precipitating the receptor-steroid complexes with protamine sulfate. Saturation analysis by this procedure provides evidence for the presence of a specific, nuclear estrogen-binding site in addition to the established estrogen receptor in both these tissues. PMID- 7127287 TI - Estrogen binding sites in the nucleus of normal and malignant human tissue: characteristics of the multiple nuclear binding sites. AB - The studies presented here describe the effects of the nonionic detergent, Tween 80 and the reducing agent, dithiothreitol (5 mM), on the quantitation of specific nuclear estrogen binding sites, both estrogen receptors (ER) and type II estrogen binding sites (EBS), in human breast cancer. Neither of these agents had any significant effect on the apparent Kd of the amount of ER measured; however, both had a dramatic effect on the amount of type II EBS measured. Two antiestrogens, tamoxifen and nafoxidine, were also tested for their ability to bind to ER and type II EBS in human breast tumors. Both of the antiestrogens were capable of competing with estradiol for ER and type II EBS. We also present a series of 25 individual human breast cancer specimens which were analyzed for cytoplasmic ER and progesterone receptor by sucrose density gradient centrifugation and for nuclear ER and type II EBS by the sucrose pad assay. Sixty-four % (16 of 25) of the tumors contained nuclear ER and type II EBS when analyzed by the sucrose pad assay. The concentration of type II EBS was strongly correlated to the concentration of cytoplasmic progesterone receptor. PMID- 7127288 TI - Inhibition by dietary selenium of colon cancer induced in the rat by bis(2 oxopropyl)nitrosamine. PMID- 7127289 TI - Modifications of DNA by different haloethylnitrosoureas. AB - The modification of DNA by the haloethylnitrosoureas is probably responsible for their antitumor activity. A current hypothesis relates this cytotoxic action to the transfer of haloethyl groups from the nitrosourea to DNA followed by a second reaction of the haloethyl group with the opposite DNA strand. However, other modifications besides interstrand cross-links are introduced into DNA, raising the question whether the choice of the particular nitrosourea could affect the distribution of DNA modifications in a way which would maximize cytotoxic activity. To investigate this point, DNA was reacted with the following compounds: N,N'-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea (NSC 409962); N-(2-chloroethyl) N'-cyclohexyl-N-nitrosourea (NSC 79037); N-(2-chloroethyl N'-(2,6 dihydroxycyclohexyl)-N-nitrosourea (NsC 264395); N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea (NSC 47547); and N-(2-fluoroethyl(-N'-cyclohexyl-N-nitrosourea (NSC 87974). Reacted DNA was depurinated, and the distribution of guanine derivatives was obtained by high-pressure liquid chromatography. These studies have shown that the distribution of products obtained is markedly influenced by the chemical structure of the nitrosourea. Differences are noted in the relative amounts of 6- versus 7-substituted guanines, in the amount of hydroxyethylation versus haloethylation, and in the amount of diguanylethane formation. Thus, it may be possible to modulate the biological effect obtained from a nitrosourea by changing its molecular structure. PMID- 7127290 TI - Changes in thermosensitivity of mouse mammary carcinoma following hyperthermia in vivo. AB - The time course of change in thermosensitivity of SCK tumor cells in vivo was investigated following preheating at 43.5 degrees for 30 min. At varying times after the preheating with water bath, tumors were subjected to graded doses of second heating at 43.5 degrees in vivo, and cell survival was determined by using in vitro cloning method. Thermosensitivity of the tumor cells in vivo [duration of heating for exponential inactivation of cells to 1/e (Do): 15.5 min] gradually increased after the preheating, reaching a maximum increase at 5 hr (Do: 7.5 min), and then decreased thereafter, due probably to a development of thermotolerance. Maximum thermotolerance was observed at 12 hr after the preheating, leading to a 3-fold increase in Do (48 min). The thermotolerance gradually decayed for several days thereafter. The initial increase in thermosensitivity might be attributed to the acidic and nutritionally deprived intratumor environment as a result of vascular damage in heated tumor. It appears that thermotolerance gradually develops as time elapses and that it eventually overcomes the thermal sensitization of tumor cells in vivo. PMID- 7127292 TI - Decreased immunoglobulin production by a human lymphoid cell line following melphalan treatment. AB - The effect of melphalan on immunoglobulin G (IgG) production by a human lymphoblastoid cell line (BF) was studied. The amount of secreted IgG and the percentage of cells containing cytoplasmic IgG were measured by immunoassay and cytofluorometry, respectively. Dose-response studied indicated that melphalan concentrations of 2 X 10(-8) M had no effect, while concentrations of 8 X 10(-7) M were totally toxic, after 72-hr exposures to the drug. Statistically significant, persistent, alterations in both synthesis and secretion of IgG by BF cells were observed following treatment for 72 hr with 4 X 10(-7) M melphalan, and there was an increase in population-doubling time from 24 to 72 hr in these drug-treated cells. The percentage of IgG-containing cells in melphalan-treated cultures was significantly decreased as compared to control cultures. IgG secretion was also decreased in these cultures, and the variation in IgG secretion as a function of cellular growth was significantly altered following melphalan treatment. Decreased IgG production following melphalan treatment may be related to altered cell cycle kinetics. Based on immunological analysis, there was no evident alteration in the IgG secreted by melphalan-treated cells, nor did melphalan treatment produce a cellular population lacking IgG entirely. PMID- 7127294 TI - Effect of sodium butyrate on alkaline phosphatase in HRT-18, a human rectal cancer cell line. AB - Treatment of the human rectal cancer cell line HRT-18 with sodium butyrate caused a reversible elevation of alkaline phosphatase activity which was inhibited by cycloheximide and actinomycin D. The alkaline phosphatase in untreated cells was heat stable at neutral pH and inhibited by phenylalanine but not by homoarginine, and 80% of the enzyme activity was precipitated by antibody against human term placental enzyme. Following butyrate treatment, the enzyme became more sensitive to all the inhibitors tested and more heat stable, compared to the enzyme in control cells. In addition, the butyrate-induced enzyme could be completely precipitated by anti-placental alkaline phosphatase antibody. The electrophoretic pattern of the butyrate-induced enzyme was different from that of control cells. Control HRT-18 cells contained a butyrate-insensitive heat-labile alkaline phosphatase component with an electrophoretic mobility similar to the enzyme from human colon cancer tissues. The alkaline phosphatase from four human colon cancer tissues was of the early placental form, while the enzyme from human normal mucosa was of the intestinal type. PMID- 7127291 TI - Abolition by cycloheximide of caffeine-enhanced lethality of alkylating agents in hamster cells. AB - Greatly enhanced lethality for Syrian hamster cells (baby hamster kidney cells and polyomavirus-transformed derivative of baby hamster kidney cells) that had been treated with alkylating agents or ultraviolet light is produced by caffeine. Thus, nitrogen mustard [methylbis(beta-chloroethyl)amine] (HN2) at 0.5 microM decreased cell viability by only a few percent in the absence of caffeine. The addition of 2 mM caffeine during the first 24 hr after nitrogen mustard decreased viability more than 95%. Further kinetic studies of the caffeine effects using other alkylating agents indicate the existence of two modes which damaged cells become caffeine sensitive. Treatment with ultraviolet light or nitrogen mustard makes cells immediately sensitive to caffeine; cells treated with methyl methanesulfonate or N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, on the other hand, express their maximal caffeine sensitivity only about 15 to 20 hr later. A low concentration of cycloheximide completely abolished this caffeine effect. When 0.36 microM cycloheximide was present, loss of viability was negligible even in the presence of caffeine. Based on further experiments involving the timing of caffeine and cycloheximide additions, caffeine does not affect viability by itself but is involved with some substance such as a protein the rapid synthesis of which is prevented by cycloheximide. This substance does not appear to be needed for recovery from damage, but rather for the action of caffeine in fixing the damaging caused by alkylating agents. PMID- 7127296 TI - Effect of thyroid status on development of spontaneous mammary tumors in primiparous C3H mice. AB - Development of mammary tumors in primiparous C3H/HeN mice (mouse mammary tumor virus positive) in various thyroid states was followed for one year after removal of pups. Animals were either euthyroid or made hyperthyroid (by ingestion of thyroxine) or hypothyroid (by ingestion of 2-thiouracil) during involution. These manipulations resulted in significant changes in serum 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine and thyroxine levels without significant alterations in serum prolactin levels. At the end of one year postlactation, 90 to 86% of the euthyroid and hyperthyroid animals had developed mammary tumors, while the hypothyroid groups had only 70 to 72% tumor incidence. In two separate experiments, 50% tumor incidence was reached after 237 and 252 days in the hyperthyroid animals and after 242 and 252 days in the euthyroid groups. However, 50% tumor incidence in the hypothyroid groups was not reached until 290 and 287 days. The involuted mammary glands of all three groups were morphologically indistinguishable 10 weeks after removal of the pups. However, after 30 weeks, differences were seen. While glands from hyperthyroid and euthyroid animals retained a small degree of ductal branching with primitive alveoli, the glands from hypothyroid animals showed less ductal branching and were devoid of alveoli. Thus, the decrease in mammary tumor incidence in hypothyroid primiparous mice may be due to a greater degree of regression of the mammary epithelium in these animals. PMID- 7127293 TI - Kinetics of N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate and pyrazofurin depletion of pyrimidine ribonucleotide and deoxyribonucleotide pools and their relationship to nucleic acid synthesis in intact and permeabilized cells. AB - Pools of uridine triphosphate and cytidine triphosphate are greatly (90%) reduced in cultured L1210 cells exposed to N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate (PALA) or pyrazofurin; the concentration of the deoxynucleotides deoxycytidine triphosphate, deoxythymidine triphosphate, and deoxyguanosine triphosphate also decreases, but deoxyadenosine triphosphate pools are enlarged. Associated with these pool depletions is a pronounced inhibition of DNA synthesis even when pools are only moderately reduced; RNA synthesis is only slightly inhibited under these same conditions. DNA synthesis in permeabilized preparations of L1210 cells was also more sensitive than was RNA synthesis when the concentrations of ribonucleotide and deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates presented were equivalent to those found in PALA- or pyrazofurin-treated cells. The specific sensitivity to depletion of DNA precursors was also seen in protection of both DNA synthesis and growth of L1210 cells by deoxycytidine and thymidine. This supplement restored deoxycytidine triphosphate, deoxythymidine triphosphate, and deoxyguanosine triphosphate pools to normal but of course did not affect the marked depletions of uridine triphosphate and cytidine triphosphate or the less marked effect of PALA on RNA synthesis. The relative ability of PALA to reduce uridine triphosphate and cytidine triphosphate pool size in L1210 ascites and Lewis lung carcinoma in vivo correlates with the intrinsic sensitivity to this agent. PMID- 7127295 TI - A nuclear matrix antigen HeLa and other human malignant cells. AB - Antisera were obtained in rabbits to preparations of dehistonized chromatin from HeLa cells. By complement fixation assays, the antisera reacted with HeLa cell chromatin but only marginally with human placenta chromatin. The complement fixing reactivity of the antisera was inversely related to the amount of dehistonized chromatin used for immunization. Immunochemical staining of electrophoretically separated chromosomal proteins transferred to nitrocellulose sheets revealed numerous antigens in chromatin preparations from several human tumors, placenta, and normal kidney. While immunoabsorption of the antisera with placenta chromatin removed some of the immunochemical staining, many of the electrophoretically separated antigens resisted repeated immunoabsorptions. However, further comparisons revealed that only one major protein antigen (band at an approximate molecular weight of 81,000) was represented in all the assayed human tumors while being absent from human placenta or kidney. Fractionation of HeLa cells into three cytoplasmic and several nuclear fractions showed that almost all the antigens recognized by antisera to dehistonized chromatin were nuclear. The antigenic protein with an approximately molecular weight of 81,000 was found associated with the nuclear matrix fraction. PMID- 7127298 TI - Method for measurement of self-renewal capacity of clonogenic cells from biopsies of metastatic human malignant melanoma. AB - A procedure was developed to directly measure the self-renewal capacity of clonogenic cells from biopsies of metastatic human malignant melanoma. A culture of colony-forming cells was performed with bilayer agar in microtiter wells. The number of live tumor cells from biopsies of melanoma tissue was determined and was used to calculate plating efficiencies. Sequential photography showed that cells did not migrate in agar, thereby documenting that all the cells within colonies were direct descendants of clonogenic cells. A calibrated pneumatically controlled micropipet attached to a micromanipulator was used to quantitatively remove melanoma colonies without removing adjacent cells or agar. Plucked primary colonies were mechanically disaggregated into single cells; viability was greater than 95% as determined by trypan blue dye exclusion. Dose-related formation of secondary colonies was observed after replating of cells from pooled primary colonies. Cells from individual colonies were replated, and secondary colonies formed. These techniques allowed a simple and direct assessment of the self renewal capacity of colony-forming melanoma cells. PMID- 7127297 TI - Ascites tumor invasion of mouse peritoneum studied by high-voltage electron microscope stereoscopy. AB - Interaction of Krebs-2 and Ehrlich tetraploid cells with NYLR/Nya mouse peritoneum mesothelium and penetration of basal lamina and elastic reticulum were studied. Invasion of abdominal viscera was rare. Invading cells had a shrunken nucleus and cytoplasm like the "dark cells" of hyperplastic epithelia. High voltage electron microscope stereoscopy showed that invasive cells pass through small holes in the elastic reticulum by adherence to the reticulum and by constriction of the cells. High voltage electron microscopy stereoscopy of collagen fibers near tumor cells indicated that fragmentation and loss of collagen is minimal. Rapid progression by ascites transfer appears to produce anchorage-independent cells adapted to ascites fluid growth, but new selection steps must be adopted to concentrate strongly invasive subpopulations. PMID- 7127300 TI - Chicken fetal and adult antigen expression on erythroleukemia cells before and after induced differentiation. AB - Avian erythroblastosis virus strain R (AEV)-transformed, cloned erythroleukemia cells from three different ages of SC strain chickens were analyzed before and after differentiation induced by 1.0 mM butyric acid for expression of chicken fetal antigens (CFAs) and chicken adult antigens (CAAs) and for hemoglobin expression. Immunofluorescent analyses show the loss of individual CFA determinants from erythroleukemia cells with induced differentiation, although there appeared to be no correlation between CFA loss and onset of hemoglobin production. Erythroleukemia cells were examined by cell surface labeling followed by immunoprecipitation with antisera specific to CFAs and CAAs. Erythroleukemia cells expressed CFAs and CAAs on their membranes that are not reported to be expressed by the target cell of AEV. The expression of CAAs and the enhanced expression of CFAs by erythroleukemia cells may be due to limited cellular differentiation, alterations in regulatory controls of genes coding for CFAs and CAAs, or increased levels of production of previously undetected CFAs and CAAs following AEV transformation. Control and induced erythroleukemia cells expressed CFAs and CAAs that differed both quantitatively and qualitatively from normal erythroid cells. Molecular weight variations of CFAs and CAAs observed in the erythroleukemia cells may represent glycolyzation differences between AEV transformed cells and normal erythroid cells. PMID- 7127299 TI - Inability of methapyrilene to induce sister chromatid exchanges in vitro and in vivo. AB - The induction of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) by the hepatocarcinogen methapyrilene hydrochloride was investigated using appropriate in vitro and in vivo mammalian cell systems. Methapyrilene, even at the maximum tolerated dose, did not induce SCE in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) or when CHO cells or hamster lung fibroblasts, V-79, were cocultivated with early cultures of rat liver epithelial cells, which are known to metabolize different classes of chemical carcinogens to active forms. Moreover, a hybrid clone of cells (formed by fusion of CHO cells with rat liver epithelial cells), which is highly sensitive to SCE formation by a number of xenobiotics, failed to produce SCE after treatment with methapyrilene. Experiments in vivo with bone marrow cells and in vitro with CHO cells cocultivated with primary hepatocytes from rats also confirmed the inability of methapyrilene to induce SCE in the indicator cells. Since aflatoxin B1 induced SCE in the in vitro and in vivo models, it may be concluded that methapyrilene does not induce SCE at a concentration which is not cytotoxic to the indicator cells in the different systems described. Autoradiographic studies in cultured rat liver cells with tritiated methapyrilene showed that the label was localized in the cytoplasm but not in the interphase nuclei or in the metaphase chromosomes, indicating a lack of interaction of methapyrilene with the nuclear macromolecules of the putative target cells for methapyrilene. PMID- 7127301 TI - Clonal drift of cell surface, melanogenic, and experimental metastatic properties of in vivo-selected, brain meninges-colonizing murine B16 melanoma. PMID- 7127302 TI - Benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase activity in enriched populations of Clara cells and alveolar type II cells from control and beta-naphthoflavone-pretreated rats. AB - We have developed a method for isolation and purification of specific types of lung cells from rats. Alveolar type II cells were purified from 18% in the initial cell digest to 30% after centrifugal elutriation and finally to over 80% following density gradient centrifugation. Clara cells were enriched from 0.8% in the cell digest to 40 to 60% by use of centrifugal elutriation. In control animals, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity was found to increase in parallel with Clara cell purity but was almost undetectable in the type II cells. Following pretreatment of rats with beta-naphthoflavone, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity increased both in Clara cells and particularly, in alveolar type II cells. This methodology provides a means for investigation of the effects of toxic and carcinogenic compounds on different populations of lung cells. PMID- 7127304 TI - Assessment of in vitro drug sensitivity of human tumor cells using [3H]thymidine incorporation in a modified human tumor stem cell assay. AB - We have developed a method for performing in vitro drug testing on primary human tumor explants which is a variant of the human tumor stem cell assay (HTSCA) described previously by Salmon et al. (N. Engl. J. Med. 298: 1321, 1978). The method utilizes a cell-containing liquid top layer and a soft-agar bottom layer. Tumor growth is measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation into material precipitable by 5% trichloroacetate. Results show linear correlations with number of cells plated and with a number of colonies per plate measured using the HTSCA, when cell aliquots from one sample are used. In vitro drug sensitivity, as determined by inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation, correlates with HTSCA results in 54 of 61 determinations (89%). Of 22 experiments in which drug sensitivity curves were compared, 21 (95%) were similar in both systems. The [3H]thymidine method yields results more quickly (5 days after samples are plated) and with smaller variances than those measurements obtained using the HTSCA. Normal human skin muscle, lung, and colon tissue and a human fibroblast cell line do not incorporate significant amounts of [3H]thymidine into trichloroacetic acid-precipitable material. Thus, normal cell components plated in tumor samples do not interfere with assay results. Standard scintillation counting is used; optical counting, either visual or automated, is not required. Therefore, the measurement of in vitro drug sensitivity by inhibition of incorporation of radiolabeled precursors deserves further evaluation as a predictor of in vitro response. PMID- 7127303 TI - Principal polypeptide target of carcinogen at the beginning of liver carcinogenesis by three carcinogens. PMID- 7127306 TI - Metabolism of N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene and N-hydroxy-2-aminofluorene by guinea pig liver microsomes. AB - The guinea pig is resistant to the hepatocarcinogenic effects of 2 acetylaminofluorene and 2-aminofluorene. This resistance, however, is not due to the lack of a N-hydroxylating enzyme in the liver which catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step to the activation of these chemicals to proximal carcinogens. It is shown that guinea pig liver microsomes can N-hydroxylate both of these compounds. The N-hydroxylation of 2-acetylaminofluorene but not 2-aminofluorene is inducible by pretreating the guinea pigs with benz(a)anthracene. The microsomal reaction is inhibited by 3-methylcholanthrene, miconazole, or 7,8 benzoflavone, 7-Iodo-2-acetylaminofluorene is N-hydroxylated by guinea pig liver microsomes at approximately the same rate as 2-acetylaminofluorene. The N hydroxylation of 7-fluoro-2-acetyl-aminofluorene occurs at a much faster rate. The resistance of the guinea pig liver to the carcinogenic effect of the arylamides and arylamines may actually be due to the ability to further convert the N-hydroxylated metabolites to the inactive C7-hydroxylated product. The conversion of N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene to C7-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene by guinea pig liver microsomes is inhibited by 8-hydroxyquinoline or miconazole. The microsomal metabolic activation of the 7-iodo-2-acetylaminofluorene used to confirm this new metabolic pathway proceeds via a deacetylation step which could explain the resistance of the rat to the carcinogenic effect of that chemical. The high yield of the N-hydroxy-7-fluoro-2-acetylaminofluorene produced by liver microsomes could be responsible for its high carcinogenic potency. PMID- 7127305 TI - Inhibition of C3H/He mouse mammary tumor growth by combined treatment with cyclophosphamide and polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid. AB - The antitumor effect of an immunomodulator, polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid, in combination with cyclophosphamide (CY) was studied in C3H/He mice bearing established mammary tumors. On Day 14 after tumor graft, mice received either CY (90 mg/kg) alone every 2 weeks for a total of four inoculations or alternate weekly inoculations of the same dose of CY and polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid (300 micrograms) or Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (400 micrograms) during 8 consecutive weeks. On Day 170, the following results were obtained. (a) Mice receiving CY alone showed significantly retarded tumor growth; nevertheless, 30 mice of 34 (88%) died of tumor, and only 1 mouse (3%) was tumor free. (b) In mice receiving combined CY and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin, no more significant tumor inhibition was observed than those receiving CY alone. (c) The most significant tumor inhibition was observed in mice receiving combined CY and polyadenylic polyuridylic acid. Average tumor diameter on Day 63 was one-third (2 mm) of that of mice receiving CY alone (7 mm); 25 mice of 44 (57%) died of tumor; and 11 mice (25%) were tumor free. In in vitro 51Cr release assays using natural killer sensitive YAC-1 target cells, cytotoxic activity of splenic nonadherent mononuclear cells of the tumor-bearing mice receiving the combined treatment was highly significantly increased. The importance of these findings relative to clinical application is considered. PMID- 7127308 TI - Liposomes as in vivo carriers of adriamycin: reduced cardiac uptake and preserved antitumor activity in mice. PMID- 7127307 TI - Increased accumulation of vincristine and adriamycin in drug-resistant P388 tumor cells following incubation with calcium antagonists and calmodulin inhibitors. AB - Some calcium antagonists and calmodulin inhibitors enhance the intracellular levels of vincristine and Adriamycin in vincristine- and Adriamycin-resistant P388 leukemia cells by inhibiting their outward transport. The high intracellular drug accumulation was directly related to the enhancement of the cytotoxicity of the antitumor agents, and the vincristine and Adriamycin resistance in these cells was circumvented. PMID- 7127309 TI - Dose response and growth rates of subcutaneous tumors induced with 3 methylcholanthrene in mice and timing of tumor origin. AB - The dose response of tumor induction after single s.c. injections of 3 methylcholanthrene (MC) into the groin of mice and the growth rates of the tumors formed were examined. The dose-response curve of tumor induction appeared to be linear at low doses of MC. Analysis of 182 sarcomas produced between 50 and 400 days after MC injection into WB and C3H/He mice, together with previous data on ICR/JCL mice, showed that there was no correlation between the volume-doubling time of tumors and the length of time before tumor appearance or the dose of carcinogen applied. The overall average volume-doubling time of sarcomas in the three strains of mice was 2.6 days. Assuming that a tumor originates from a single cell and that its growth rate before its appearance is constant, individual growth curves were extrapolated to the time of origin of each tumor. Histograms of the distribution of times of origin of tumors showed peaks at about 50 days after application of carcinogen. A one-hit and possibly two-stage type of tumor induction with MC is proposed. PMID- 7127310 TI - Relationship between aberrant DNA replication and loss of cell viability in Chinese hamster ovary CHO-K1 cells. AB - We have previously presented evidence that a transient block to DNA replication induces an aberrant form of DNA synthesis. The most feasible explanation for this data is that the block to DNA replication results in some segments of the chromosomal DNA being replicated more than once in a single cell cycle. This form of aberrant DNA synthesis was demonstrated to occur following direct inhibition of DNA replication by 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine or 9-beta-D arabinofuranosyladenine or after indirect inhibition with cycloheximide. We have proposed mechanisms whereby this phenomenon could induce chromosome damage and cell death. In this paper, we present data on the relationship between this aberrant form of DNA replication and the loss of cell viability. Using Chinese hamster ovary CHO-K1 cells growing as monolayer cultures, we have simultaneously monitored the loss of cell viability as measured by colony formation and the relative extent of this aberrant DNA replication induced by 2-hr pulses of a series of concentrations of inhibitors of DNA replication. We have found that, with either direct inhibition of DNA replication with 1 beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine or with indirect inhibition, with cycloheximide, pulses of inhibitor administered to Chinese hamster ovary cells at increasing of this aberrant DNA replication which paralleled the increase in cell killing. PMID- 7127311 TI - In vivo studies of increased incidence of sister chromatid exchanges in target cells of replication-component Friend murine leukemia virus. PMID- 7127312 TI - Use of the agar diffusion chamber for the exposure of human tumor cells to drugs. AB - Human melanoma xenografts in immune-deprived mice have been used to assess the value of the agar diffusion chamber for chemosensitivity testing. Tumor cells were treated with melphalan, Adriamycin, or methyl trans-1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(4 methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea either as solid tumors growing in mice or as suspensions in agar in i.p. diffusion chambers. Survival of clonogenic human tumor cells was measured by the agar diffusion chamber assay in both cases. Cell survival curves were log-linear for treatment of tumor cells in vivo or in the chambers. For melphalan the slopes of survival curves were significantly greater for treatment in the chambers than as solid tumors in vivo, but for methyl trans 1-(2-chloroethyl(-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea or Adriamycin, they were indistinguishable. Experiments with [14C]melphalan showed that the levels of drug achieved were less inside the diffusion chambers than in the tumors in vivo so that the sensitivity of tumor cells to melphalan was much greater when they were treated in chambers. The differences in drug exposure and in cellular chemosensitivity between chambers and tumors suggest caution in the interpretation of drug testing using this system, but the log-linear nature of the dose-response curves is an important feature which may be useful in the eventual development of optimal chemosensitivity testing systems. PMID- 7127313 TI - Use of hair dyes and risk of bladder cancer. AB - The relation between use of hair dyes and risk of bladder cancer was assessed using data from a case-control study of bladder cancer. Incident cases (2982) and general population controls (5782) were interviewed. The overall estimate of relative risk of bladder cancer for users of hair dyes was 1.0 (95%) confidence interval, 0.9 to 1.2) compared to nonusers. No consistent pattern of association was detected between bladder cancer risk and various indices of timing or intensity of exposure to hair dyes. Various explanations of the lack of association are discussed. PMID- 7127314 TI - Tamoxifen and oophorectomy in the treatment of recurrent breast cancer: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. AB - The relatively short survival following chemotherapy in patients with metastatic carcinoma of the breast and the introduction of antiestrogens has led to renewed interest in the hormonal therapy of breast cancer. Pritchard et al. (Cancer Treat. Rep., 64: 787-796, 1980) have recently stated that response to the antiestrogen tamoxifen (TAM) strongly predicts a subsequent response to oophorectomy in premenopausal patients. The Southwest Oncology Group administered TAM to pre- and postmenopausal women with first recurrence of breast cancer. Following response and subsequent relapse, or after no response, patients underwent an oophorectomy while continuing on TAM. None of 14 premenopausal patients who responded to TAM had a response to oophorectomy plus TAM, while 5 of 22 had a remission with oophorectomy plus TAM after initially failing with TAM alone. The reverse was seen in postmenopausal women; 4 of 18 responders to TAM subsequently responded to oophorectomy plus TAM, but none of 18 TAM failures responded to oophorectomy plus TAM. These results suggest that in the premenopausal women the TAM dose may be insufficient to block all estrogen action and that oophorectomy, by removing the major source of estrogen, can result in a more effective antiestrogen action of TAM leading to a response. No explanation is readily available for the results in postmenopausal patients. PMID- 7127315 TI - Efflux of 3-methylhistidine from the leg in cancer patients who experience weight loss. AB - An improved method for measurement of 3-methylhistidine in blood samples has been used to assess efflux of 3-methylhistidine from the leg in cancer patients experiencing weight loss. Three control groups were studied: malnourished depleted patients without cancer; comparatively well-nourished but acutely ill patients; and well-nourished controls, hospitalized for elective surgery, who showed no symptoms of metabolic disease. Well-nourished controls and acutely ill patients had a statistically significant release of 3-methylhistidine [1.92 +/- 0.40 (S.E.) nmol/min/100 g leg tissue and 0.93 +/- 0.32 nmol/min/100 g, respectively], but cancer patients and malnourished noncancer patients had insignificant efflux. When nutritional support was provided, noncancer patients abolished their previously negative tyrosine balance and increased the efflux of 3-methylhistidine; however, cancer patients as a group continued to show a negative tyrosine balance, and the efflux of 3-methylhistidine continued to decrease further in them. The results in this study demonstrate that weight loss in clinical cancer is not dependent on increased skeletal muscle protein degradation, not even at an early stage of the disease. It seems likely that decreased protein synthesis is a more important factor. PMID- 7127316 TI - Cytoplasmic and nuclear estrogen and progesterone receptors in male breast cancer. AB - Cytoplasmic estrogen receptors were detected in 12 of 13 male breast cancer tumors. There was no significant correlation of receptor levels with the age of the patient, size and histological grading of the tumor, and stage and nodal involvement of the disease. Nuclear estrogen receptors were found in eight of 10 tumors and six of nine patients had tumors positive for cytoplasmic progesterone receptors, two of which were also found to contain nuclear progesterone receptors. The presence of cytoplasmic progesterone receptors, in addition to cytoplasmic and nuclear estrogen receptors, may be indicative of truly hormone dependent tumors in male breast cancer. Treatment offered to patients included surgery, X-ray therapy, chemotherapy, and orchiectomy, but as yet, no general conclusions of the efficacy of the therapeutic regime can be drawn. PMID- 7127317 TI - Abnormalities in glucose and protein metabolism in noncachectic lung cancer patients. PMID- 7127318 TI - Clinical and pharmacokinetic effects of combined warfarin and 5-flourouracil in advanced colon cancer. AB - Twenty-five patients with advanced measurable adenocarcinoma of the colon were treated with 5-fluorouracil (FUra), 15 to 20 mg/kg/week i.v., plus warfarin p.o. at a dosage which maintains therapeutic levels of anticoagulation. Sixty-four % of patients achieved either objective response (20%) or stable disease (44%). Overall median survival was 19.2 months. Three patients (all with intraluminal lesions) developed gastrointestinal blood loss requiring transfusion and discontinuation of anticoagulation. The interaction between warfarin and FUra as measured by plasma levels was investigated in seven rabbits and three patients. Plasma samples were obtained for 2 hr after FUra administration, both before and after anticoagulation with warfarin. FUra was measured by gas chromatography, and warfarin was assayed using a thin-layer chromatographic fluorescence method. In rabbits, prolongation of FUra plasma t1/2 was seen with high (0.6 mg/kg/hr) but not low (0.025 mg/kg/hr) rates of warfarin infusion. In patients, FUra t1/2 was not changed by therapeutic warfarin anticoagulation. Thus, (a) plasma clearance interaction between FUra and warfarin does not occur in patients receiving therapeutic levels of anticoagulation; (b) FUra and warfarin anticoagulation can be safely given and frequently result in stable disease status for patients with advanced colon cancer. Further trials of this combination are warranted in adenocarcinoma of the colon. PMID- 7127319 TI - Phase I clinical trial and pharmacokinetics of 4'-carboxyphthalato(1,2 diaminocyclohexane)platinum(II). AB - 4'-Carboxyphthalato(1,2-diaminocyclohexane)platinum(II) is a new, second generation platinum analog which had demonstrated in vitro activity in L1210 cell lines resistant to cisplatin and had less nephrotoxicity than did cisplatin in preclinical animal testing. A Phase I trial with this agent has been performed in 45 patients with advanced refractory cancers. Nine dosage levels, ranging from 40 to 800 mg/sq m, were studied. Major toxicities seen were myelosuppression, nephrotoxicity (which was generally mild), nausea and vomiting (which was quantitatively less than that seen with cis-platin), allergic reactions, and a peripheral neuropathy. The dose-limiting toxicity was thrombocytopenia. Pharmacokinetics performed at three dosage levels indicates that 4' carboxyphthalato-(1,2-diaminocyclohexane)platinum(II) has a long t1/2 of 20 to 30 hr (total platinum) and is only partially excreted in the urine and that a high proportion of the drug is nonfilterable within 30 to 60 min of administration. Therapeutic responses were seen in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, adenocarcinoma of the cervix, and lung and gastric cancer. As a starting dose for Phase II studies, which are planned for patients with ovarian, testicular, lung, gastric, and esophageal cancers, 640 mg/sq m given every 3 to 4 weeks is recommended. PMID- 7127320 TI - Augmentation of the human immune response by cyclophosphamide. PMID- 7127321 TI - Treatment of advanced prostate cancer with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and methotrexate. AB - Twenty-three patients with advanced prostate cancer who had failed previous hormone therapy were treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and methotrexate on a 3-week course. Of the 22 evaluable patients, over one-half had poor performance status, increased acid and alkaline phosphatase levels, and pain. Parameters which improved in greater than 50% of cases included acid and alkaline phosphatase levels, pain, performance status, and measurable lesions (lung and soft tissue). Initial parameters associated with a significantly decreased survival were age greater than 66 years, increased pain, poor performance status, and increasing alkaline phosphatase. Prior radiation therapy was associated with increased drug toxicity, lower doses of chemotherapy, and decreased survival (not significant). There was a significant relationship between the degree of improvement of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, pain, and performance status to increased survival. Three categories of response were defined based on these parameters. The mean survival of seven patients with partial response (106 weeks) is significantly longer than that of seven with measurable response (57 weeks) and eight with no response (26 weeks). Four patients had severe leukopenia and one died of sepsis. These results compare favorably with previous reports of chemotherapy treatment of advanced prostate cancer. PMID- 7127322 TI - Toxicity of aziridinylbenzoquinone administered Iv to beagle dogs. PMID- 7127323 TI - 3-deazaguanine, a candidate drug for the chemotherapy of breast carcinomas? AB - 3-Deazaguanine (3-DG) is a new purine antagonist that is active against slow- and rapid-growing solid experimental tumors, especially those that are models for human breast carcinomas. These tumors include mammary adenocarcinomas 13762, R3230AC, and C3H/16C. 3-DG also showed positive activity against leukemias L1210 and L1210/araC, adenocarcinoma 755, and EMT-6 mammary adenocarcinoma. On the basis of its activity against these tumors, 3-DG is to undergo clinical trials. PMID- 7127324 TI - Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of bone: results in 15 patients treated by radiotherapy combined with systemic chemotherapy. AB - The authors report on the results obtained in 15 patients with primary non Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of bone treated by radiotherapy and polychemotherapy; 86% of the patients (13 of 15) were continuously disease-free at a median follow up of 70 months (42-104). No local recurrence was observed. The necessity of clearly distinguishing primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of bone from Ewing's sarcoma is discussed. PMID- 7127325 TI - Response to oophorectomy after tamoxifen failure in a premenopausal patient. PMID- 7127326 TI - Phase II evaluation of bisantrene in patients with renal cell carcinoma. PMID- 7127327 TI - Aziridinylbenzoquinone (AZQ) in advanced breast cancer: a Cancer and Leukemia group B phase II trial. PMID- 7127328 TI - Leukopenia associated with aminoglutethimide therapy: a case report. PMID- 7127329 TI - Pulmonary fibrosis associated with lomustine (CCNU): a case report. PMID- 7127332 TI - Proceedings of the German Cancer Society (Clinical Oncology Section) and Bristol Myers GmbH Symposium on Etoposide (VP-16). Current status and new developments. Frankfurt, 21-22 May 1981. PMID- 7127330 TI - Tamoxifen before and after orchiectomy in advanced male breast cancer. PMID- 7127333 TI - Etoposide and ifosfamide in combination for inoperable carcinoma of the bronchus. PMID- 7127331 TI - Nasal cartilage necrosis following high-dose 5-FU: a case report. PMID- 7127334 TI - Etoposide--chemistry, preclinical and clinical pharmacology. PMID- 7127336 TI - Etoposide in the treatment of refractory breast cancer. PMID- 7127335 TI - Etoposide in the treatment of acute leukemia in adults. PMID- 7127337 TI - Etoposide for therapy-resistant testicular tumors. PMID- 7127338 TI - Etoposide and etoposide-ifosfamide therapy for refractory testicular tumors. PMID- 7127339 TI - Synthesis of 3-O-methyl-L-xylose, a component of lipopolysaccharides of Gram negative bacteria. PMID- 7127341 TI - Breast cancer mortality following fluoroscopic irradiation in a cohort of tuberculosis patients. AB - A study has been conducted to determine the mortality experience from 1950-1977 of a cohort of women treated for tuberculosis in Canadian sanatoria between 1930 and 1952. Approximately 50 percent of these women received substantial breast tissue doses of fluoroscopic irradiation in conjunction with their treatment by artificial pneumothorax. A preliminary analysis of 23572 women known alive at the beginning of 1950 has shown a highly significant breast cancer mortality risk for those women exposed to such radiation. There is evidence of decreasing effect with increasing age at first exposure, and no increase in risk is observed until ten years after first exposure. PMID- 7127342 TI - Mass screening for cervical cancer in Iceland during 1965-1969 and the effect on incidence and mortality. PMID- 7127340 TI - Synthesis of 2-O-methyl-D-rhamnose, a constituent of a bacterial lipopolysaccharide. PMID- 7127344 TI - International conference on human tumor markers. Biological basis and clinical relevance. Munich, Germany FR June 17-20, 1982. Abstracts. PMID- 7127346 TI - A polygraph study of ischemic heart disease: short-term prognosis of acute myocardial infarction based on early modifications of isometric contraction time. AB - The authors have explored the early modifications of systolic time intervals in 90 patients hospitalized as emergency cases for acute myocardial infarction. From analysis and interpretation of the collected data they conclude that such modifications have considerable prognostic value. All patients fitting the specifications of NYHA classes I and II, but at the same time showing a shortening of the isometric contraction time to less than 39 +/- 1.4 ms turned out to constitute a high-risk group for the development of major mechanical and electrical complications in the next 2 weeks. PMID- 7127343 TI - Early detection of human gastric cancer based on morphologic and enzymologic studies. AB - Atypical glandular proliferations of gastric mucosa and carcinomas were studied with histologic, cytophotometric, and enzymologic methods in 35 resected human stomachs. By the use of Feulgenis cytophotometry and a new mathematical test developed by us, aneuploid DNA content could be demonstrated in some grade II and grade III dysplasias as well as carcinomas. Alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes were detected with polyacrylamide disk gelelectrophoresis. Liver-type isoenzymes were detectable, though with varying rates, in both intact gastric mucosa and in lesions studied. The intestinal-type isoenzyme, however, did not occur in intact gastric mucosa or in inflammatory epithelial changes, in contrast to all cases of intestinal metaplasia and some of the gastric dysplasias and carcinomas, where it was present. Placental-type ALP isoenzyme (Regan enzyme) was observed only in grade II and grade III dysplasias and carcinomas. Simultaneous occurrence of Regan isoenzyme and aneuploid DNA content could be observed in 70% of dysplasias and carcinomas. In view of our observations, one can suppose that the presence of these markers in dysplasia is suggestive of malignant transformation. PMID- 7127345 TI - In-hospital death from ischaemic heart disease. AB - The clinical course and the clinical and pathological factors were studied in a series of 112 in-hospital patients who died of acute myocardial infarction. A necropsy was performed in 101 cases. 44% of the victims were concluded to have been past the possibility of recovery at the time of admission, as the treatment of early ventricular fibrillation or asystole did not lead to a satisfactory result, or as a refractory heart failure or shock dominated from admission to death. Resuscitations due to early ventricular fibrillation were performed in the emergency department mainly on patients living near the hospital. On the other hand, an early heart failure was more frequent among those whose transit distance was over 15 km. Prior use of beta-receptor blockers seemed to protect against early complications. The cardiac functions of the remaining patients were normal or could be normalized at the beginning of the hospitalization. The great majority of them were later lost as a result of extensive damage of the myocardium leading to a refractory heart failure and some due to a rupture caused by infarction (8%) or due to embolic complications (10%). Only 11 patients (10%) succumbed to late ventricular fibrillation without heart failure, rupture, or embolism. The cardiac disease revealed by the necropsy was more severe in patients with a refractory heart failure than in those who died of late ventricular fibrillation or rupture without a preceding heart failure. Various arrhythmias were frequent during the hospitalization. 74% of the dysrhythmias were preceded or followed by symptoms of a heart failure. PMID- 7127347 TI - Ventricular tachycardia during the first 72 hours after acute myocardial infarction. AB - At least one episode of ventricular tachycardia occurred in 81% of tape-recorded electrocardiograms from 227 patients during the first 72 h after the start of acute myocardial infarction. Among survivors, the occurrence of ventricular tachycardia increased progressively from the start of infarction, reaching a peak between the 8th and 14th h, and declining thereafter. In comparison, the peak incidence was higher and earlier in those patients who died while in hospital. PMID- 7127348 TI - On the reliability of systolic time intervals. AB - With the purpose of detecting spontaneous variation of systolic time intervals (STI), 20 normal subjects have been examined and the STI has been recorded for 5 consecutive days at the beginning of the test and 20, 40 and 60 min afterwards. Significant differences were found for PEP, LVET and the PEP/LVET ratio between observations (p less than 0.05) and between days (p less than 0.01). All the values of the STI at the fifth day are rather near the values recorded at the last observation of the first day. This may be related to the presence of some factor (catecholamine release induced by emotional stress?) resulting in physiological changes which are reduced by repetition of the test. This hypothesis was confirmed in a second series of normal volunteers where the STI were recorded simultaneously with sampling of blood for assessing circulating CA levels. A highly significant correlation (p less than 0.001) was recorded between PEP, PEP/LVET and plasma CA making it evident that increase of PEPI and PEP/LVET is directly correlated with the reduction of plasma CA level. PMID- 7127349 TI - Double ventricular parasystole. PMID- 7127350 TI - Congenital prolongation of Q-T interval: a family study of three generations. AB - Three generations of a family with the Romano-Ward syndrome are described. Of all the affected members, only 1 was symptomatic, experiencing episodes of syncope proven to be due to polymorphous ventricular tachycardia (PMVT) induced by chlorimipramine treatment for depression. During treatment of an episode of PMVT with lidocaine, the patient developed the 'torsade de pointes' variant of ventricular tachycardia, which progressed to ventricular fibrillation and was successfully treated with electroversion. The hazards of treating these patients with commonly used drugs, the possible etiologies for the Romano-Ward syndrome and its mode of inheritance are discussed. PMID- 7127351 TI - Physical working capacity shortly after myocardial infarction. AB - The change in the circulatory function during the early postmyocardial infarction phase was studied in 10 untreated, middle-aged men, who were not suffering from angina pectoris. During a period from 7-10 days to 12 weeks after sustaining acute myocardial infarction, the patients carried out 5-9 exercise tests, in which the initial load was 10 W; this load was increased by 10 W/min up to 100 W or a load corresponding to a heart rate of 100 and 120 beats/min, respectively. Expressed as work per heart beat, the circulatory function increased in 9 of the 10 patients, and the mean value increased by between 4 and 15%, depending on the degree of loading. In patients who have undergone uncomplicated myocardial infarction and who are not suffering from angina pectoris, the circulatory function during submaximal work seems to return to the normal level fairly quickly and not to constitute an obstacle to early physical rehabilitation. PMID- 7127353 TI - Platelet kinetics in congenital heart disease. AB - The survival of 111indium labelled platelets has been determined in a series of 47 subjects comprising nine with cyanotic congenital disease (Eisenmenger's syndrome), seven with congenital heart disease associated with left to right shunts, six with primary pulmonary hypertension, six with peripheral vascular disease, 11 with cardiac disorder associated with low cardiac output and eight normal volunteers. Compared with the value in the normals of 9.5 days, mean survival was significantly shortened in those with Eisenmenger's syndrome (8.4 days) and with peripheral vascular disease (8.5 days). It was normal in patients with left to right shunts (9.5 days). Gamma camera imaging in selected patients failed to reveal any abnormal sites of deposition of labelled platelets except in one patient with peripheral vascular disease who had bilateral abnormal activity in his lower limbs and a shortened platelet survival (8.0 days). From theoretical considerations, it was concluded that the reduction in platelet survival in Eisenmenger's syndrome was such that, had it been the result of pulmonary intravascular platelet deposition, abnormal activity should have been visible on chest scanning with the gamma camera. The absence of scintigraphic evidence of abnormal platelet deposition in the lungs of these patients, combined with the linear configuration of their platelet survival curves, suggests that the accelerated platelet destruction is in the reticuloendothelial (RE) system rather than intravascular. Indirect evidence in favour of increased RE destruction of platelets in Eisenmenger's syndrome was the finding of an approximate doubling of intrasplenic platelet transit time, indicating abnormal platelet pooling within the spleen. PMID- 7127352 TI - Fluorescent histochemical localisation of quinacrine-positive neurones in the guinea-pig and rabbit atrium. AB - Quinacrine-fluorescent nerve fibres and nerve cell bodies are described in the right and left atria of the guinea-pig and rabbit. The nerve cells (20 to 35 micrometers in diameter) are found predominantly in the right atrium in both species. The nerve fibres are varicose and innervate both the muscle and many blood vessels. The quinacrine fluorescent neural structures are unaffected by chemical sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine. The distribution of quinacrine positive nerve fibres and cell bodies are compared to the distribution of adrenergic and acetylcholinesterase-positive nerves in the atrium of both species. Quinacrine fluorescence appears to be selective for non-adrenergic, non cholinergic nerves and the possibility that it is binding to high contents of ATP discussed. PMID- 7127354 TI - Influences of labetalol a combined alpha- and beta-adrenergic blocking agent on the dysrhythmias induced by coronary occlusion and reperfusion. PMID- 7127355 TI - Preocclusive perfusion area as a determinant of infarct size in a canine model. AB - The extent of myocardial infarction related to the pre-occlusive perfusion are was quantitatively evaluated in a canine model. The perfusion area was determined preocclusively by selective injection of tracer microspheres into the coronary artery in question, then the main trunk and a small lateral branch of the left circumflex coronary artery was occluded in group 1 (10 dogs) and group 2 (10 dogs), respectively. Rapid freezing was used to prepare autoradiographic samples for determination of the perfusion are along with samples for dehydrogenase staining in order to delineate the extent of myocardial infarction. The relationship between perfusion area and infarct size was examined in 50 micrometers thick samples from base, middle and apex of the ventricle and a direct linear correlation between the perfused (P) and infarcted area (I) in the left ventricle (LV) was noted regardless of the perfusion size or the location in the ventricle. The linear relationship I = 0.93P - 4.9 (r = 0.95, P less than 0.001) was obtained in all 20 dogs. Transmural extent of necrosis was larger in the endocardium than in the epicardium, thereby representing a more salvageable myocardium in the epicardium. It is concluded that the preocclusive determination of perfusion are by high resolution autoradiography is a useful method of obtaining physiological perfusion not affected by ischaemia. Also the infarct size when standardized by the perfusion area is mainly influenced by transmural location but not by the spacial geometry or the size of the occluded area. PMID- 7127356 TI - The capillary membrane and calcium kinetics in perfused hearts: independence of force decay on heart rate. AB - Earlier studies have indicated there is no correlation between heart rate (HR) and force decay during Ca depletion. However a compelling hypothesis states that because the sarcolemma is in an intrinsically different state during the action potential than between action potentials, the release of Ca, and hence the decay of force, during Ca depletion should depend on the proportion of time spent in the depolarised state and hence should depend on HR. In each of ten Langendorff perfused rabbit hearts we measured the exponential rate constant for the decline of activity developed force at two different heart rates. Heart rates were in the range of 48 to 142 beats . min-1. Application of the t test to the pairs of rate constants showed the difference within pairs to be not different from zero (P greater than 0.10). In order to explain this contradiction of the hypothesis, we considered that the capillary membrane limits Ca washout and hence force decay. To examine this, advantage was taken of the variation in rate constants between hearts (0.023 to 0.114 s-1). Linear regression of force decay rate constants with resistance to flow (perfusion pressure/flow rate), upon which capillary exchange area might be expected to depend, yielded a correlation coefficient of -0.494, on application of the t test, significant at P = 0.05. This correlation, we believe, supports the concept that the capillary membrane limits Ca washout and therefore that Ca-kinetic events related to force development (eg, HR dependence) are "hidden" behind the capillary membrane. PMID- 7127357 TI - Extension of myocardial necrosis into normal epicardium followng hypotension during experimental coronary occlusion. AB - In an effort to determine the manner in which hypotension following experimental coronary occlusion affects myocardial infarct size, the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded in 22 barbiturate anaesthetised dogs, the chest was closed, and the dogs allowed to recover. Thirty minutes following coronary occlusion, seven dogs were haemorrhaged to a mean arterial pressure of 8.2 +/- 0.3 kPa (62 +/- 2 mmHg) and maintained at this pressure; no intervention was undertaken in control dogs. Twenty-four hours after coronary occlusion infarct size in control and hypotensive animals was determined. The hypotensive group developed larger percentages of necrosis of the left ventricles distal to the site of occlusion than did the control dogs (37.8 +/- 2.3 vs 30.4 +/- 1.4 (P less than 0.01)). Although the percentage of infarcted endocardium did not change significantly, the infarction of epicardium was 45% larger in the hypotensive group (34.4 +/- 3.3% vs 23.7 +/- 1.9%, P less than 0.01). Regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF) was determined by means of radioactive microspheres in 5 dogs following coronary occlusion before and after hypotension. RMBF following haemorrhage fell by an equal proportion, 61.9 +/- 3.3% in normal tissue and 61.2 +/- 2.4% in ischaemic zones. In conclusion, hypotension caused infarct extension into the epicardium, ie, into tissue that does not become necrotic under control conditions. PMID- 7127358 TI - Normothermic ischaemic cardiac arrest of isolated working rat heart: effects of reserpine and propranolol on functional, metabolic and morphological recovery. AB - The ability to preserve myocardial structural and functional integrity during extended periods of total ischaemia has practical clinical significance. The role of endogenous catecholamines in the onset of irreversible damage in global ischaemia of the isolated rat heart was assessed by beta-blockade or catecholamine depletion. The effects of propranolol and reserpine pretreatment on myocardial ultrastructure, function and metabolism were studied during normothermic ischaemic arrest (NICA) and reperfusion of the isolated working rat heart. beta-Blockade as well as catecholamine depletion resulted in an increase in the percentage of totally ischaemic hearts which recovered mechanically upon reperfusion. In these studies mechanical recovery during reperfusion was associated with reversal of ultrastructural ischaemic alterations, but without an improvement in mitochondrial function. These findings support the concept that failure of mitochondria to recover functionally upon reperfusion is not the cause of either irreversible mechanical failure or ultrastructural damage of the ischaemic myocardium. PMID- 7127359 TI - Left ventricular O2 requirements of pressure and volume loading in the normal canine heart and inaccuracy of pressure-derived indices of O2 demand. AB - The purpose of this study was to: 1) re-evaluate the left ventricular O2 requirements (MVO2) of pressure and volume-loading; and b) assess the accuracy of pressure-derived indices of left ventricular (LV) O2 demand under pressure loading and volume-loading conditions. Using a right heart bypass preparation (heart rate 150 beats . min-1), mean arterial pressure (7.3 to 22.9 kPa) and cardiac output (0.8 to 6.0 litre . min-1) were varied independently. Adequate left ventricular O2 supply was demonstrated by normal transmural distribution of blood flow, normal myocardial lactate metabolism, and intact reactive hyperaemic responses. For equivalent increases in cardiac external work (from 2 to 4 joules . min-1) pressure-loading and volume-loading resulted in similar increases in O2 uptake (59% and 49%, respectively, P = 0.21). MVO2 was consistently greater for volume-loading than for pressure-loading at any SPTI, pressure-rate product, and triple product. The prediction of O2 demands by these indices under these loading conditions collectively was unreliable (r = 30 to 0.42). O2 requirements of the left ventricle with both pressure-loading and volume-loading were highly correlated (r = 0.82 to 0.99) with meridional wall stress. We conclude that: 1) volume-loading conditions have a greater O2 requirement than appreciated previously; 2) pressure loads and volume loads require similar O2 uptake in the normal canine heart for similar external work; 3) currently used pressure-derived indices are unreliable predictors of LV O2 demand when loading conditions are varied; and 4) O2 requirements are more uniformly related to meridional wall stress. PMID- 7127360 TI - Relationship between conductivity and functional refractoriness of atrioventricular node in man. AB - Eighty-one consecutive patients representing a wide clinical spectrum were studied to assess the degree of limitation of the atrial extrastimulus technique for measurement of atrioventricular node refractoriness; and, to determine the relationship between conductivity and functional refractoriness of the atrioventricular node (AVN). Four patients developed sustained atrial fibrillation and a total of 277 basic cycle lengths (BCLs) were evaluated in the remaining 77. Four different patterns of AVN conduction were defined on the basis of plots of H1H2 versus A2A2 and discontinuity in the plot was observed for some of each of the three major patterns. No functional refractory period (FRP) of AVN could be determined in 10/77 patients (13%) and in 127/277 BCLs (46%). A mathematical formula relating measurements of conductivity (A2H2 interval) to FRP which was derived from the canine heart was applied to the data for those BCLs where FRP was known. Optimal agreement between measured and calculated FRP (y = x + 3, r = 0.97, n = 38) was obtained when subsets of data were selected according to an algorithm derived from repetetive computer analysis of the parent data base. The calculation is independent of patient variables (medication, impaired AVN conduction, pattern of AVN conduction). These results demonstrate that the atrial extrastimulus technique often will not permit measurement of AVN refractoriness in the human heart but conductivity and FRP are related in a fashion similar to that determined for the canine heart. This relationship permits calculation of FRP from measurements of conductivity. Calculation of FRP is recommended for brevity and greater yield of data. PMID- 7127363 TI - Project ORBIS: international continuing medical education for ophthalmologists. PMID- 7127362 TI - Detection of arterial dilatation in the distal aorta--lower limb arteries using continuous wave Doppler ultrasound. AB - Continuous wave Doppler ultrasound techniques were used to obtain signals from the common femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial and dorsalis pedis arterial sites and the ankle systolic pressure indices in 54 patients with arteriographic, ultrasound "B"-Scan or surgical confirmation of arterial dilatation. The Doppler shifted signals were spectrum-analysed and processed using a maximum frequency detector. The maximum frequency envelopes were examined retrospectively to determine whether there were any characteristics of the signals which could be used as diagnostic indicators of arterial dilatation. Ankle systolic pressure indices (ASPI), pulsatility index (PI), and delta, derived from the Laplacian transform method, were used in an attempt to quantify any changes produced by dilatation. The results indicate that characteristic and distinctive maximum frequency envelope signatures can be identified with arterial dilatation but that parameters such as ASPI and PI cannot distinguish these changes from the normal state and the Laplacian transform parameter "delta" places the dilatation cases in the minor stenosis category. However, generalised dilatation can be detected with a sensitivity of 85% if pattern recognition techniques are used. PMID- 7127361 TI - Influence of systolic intracavity pressure on right ventricular perfusion in the awake dog. AB - This study tested the hypothesis that an acute increase in right ventricular pressure would result in selective impedance of blood flow into the right ventricular subendocardium (ENDO) similar to that seen normally in the left ventricle. Since tachycardia (reduces diastolic time) and vasomotor paralysis will reveal impedence to blood flow by a decrease in ENDO to subepicardial (EPI) myocardial blood flow (MBF) ratio, MBF was measured with microspheres in eight awake dogs during rapid pacing at 176 +/- 2 beats . min-1 (mean +/- SE) after acute pulmonary artery constriction (PAC) before and during adenosine (A) infusion (1.00 mg . kg-1 . min-1). AP was held constant by aortic constriction. During control pacing the ENDO/EPI ratios were 1.38 +/- 0.08 and 1.46 +/- 0.12 in the RV and LV, respectively. During adenosine infusion the ENDO/EPI decreased to 0.85 +/- 0.08 (P less than 0.05) in the LV but did not change in the RV (1.17 +/- 0.10). During PAC and pacing alone the RV ENDO/EPI was 1.24 +/- 0.05 (NS vs control), but during adenosine fell to 0.88 +/- 0.07 (P less than 0.05). Transmural blood flow to the interventricular septum (IVS) was also affected by increased RV pressure. During control the ratio of blood flow to the left and right side (LV/RV) of the IVS was 1.32 +/- 0.12. PAC alone caused a redistribution of MBF toward the right side and the LV/RV fell to 0.66 +/- 0.06 (P less than 0.05). During PAC and adenosine, however the LV/RV rose to 1.38 +/- 0.08. These data demonstrate that increased RV systolic pressure produces systolic impedance to blood flow to the right ventricular ENDO and the right side of the interventricular septum. PMID- 7127364 TI - Therapeutic rounds at The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center. PMID- 7127366 TI - Third-generation beta-lactam antibiotics for treatment of orthopedic infections. AB - Third-generation beta-lactam antibiotics are effective against a wider range of microorganisms than are older antibiotics. Cefotaxime, moxalactam, cefoperazone, ceftizoxime, ceftazidime, cefsulodin, and ceftriaxone were used to treat 102 patients hospitalized with orthopedic infections. Sensitivity of the pathogens to the antibiotic used was established in all cases. Patients allergic to penicillin were given either moxalactam or ceftazidime. Pathogens were eradicated in all but six instances, five of which were Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Four of these developed resistance during therapy. Only three patients had clinical responses that were less than satisfactory. No serious adverse reaction occurred, and no allergic reactions developed. This new class of antibiotics is thus safe and effective as the sole therapeutic agent for many orthopedic infections, including those that require long periods of treatment. PMID- 7127365 TI - Comparison of two forms of enteric-coated pancrelipase In six teenagers with cystic fibrosis. AB - The digestive efficiency of two forms of enteric-coated pancrelipase, Cotazym-STM and Pancrease, was compared in three boys and three girls, aged 12 through 15, with cystic fibrosis. Each patient served as his or her own control, taking one type of pancrelipase for half of the two-week study and the other type for the second half of the study. Monitoring of the patients' oral intake (calories, protein, fat, carbohydrate), collection and analysis of their stools (volume, nitrogen, fat, fat loss, protein loss), and tests of their urine (creatinine, uric acid), blood (24 determinations), and pulmonary function revealed no significant differences in any of the measures between patients taking Cotazym-S and those taking Pancrease. PMID- 7127367 TI - Diuretics in the 1980s. PMID- 7127368 TI - Intramuscular and intravenous albuterol in the treatment of asthma. AB - The efficacy and side effects of intravenous and intramuscular albuterol were determined in 13 adult asthmatic patients whose airway responsiveness had previously been evaluated with inhaled albuterol. In each patient, a single dose of intramuscular or intravenous albuterol was given at the same time on separate days. There was no significant difference in bronchodilator effect between the two routes of administration; both were effective. By 15 minutes after injection, both had produced an increase in FEV1 (mean, 0.32 liter), but both were associated with transient increases in heart rate (mean, 8 beats/min, P less than 0.01). It is concluded that minimal cardiovascular side effects can be achieved with either parenteral form of albuterol. PMID- 7127369 TI - The beneficial effect of diltiazem on exercise-induced ST depression, measured by body surface mapping, in stable effort angina pectoris. AB - The effect of diltiazem, a calcium antagonist, was examined in eight male patients with stable effort angina pectoris by means of multistage treadmill testing using body surface mapping. The area and severity of exercise-induced ST depression after 90 mg of diltiazem administered orally three hours before exercise were compared with those without diltiazem. Although the same workload was performed, the area and severity of exercise-induced ST depression were significantly diminished (P less than 0.005) after diltiazem. The reproducibility of these observations was confirmed in two of the eight patients studied and in three other patients. Because exercise-induced ST depression in patients with coronary artery disease is generally believed to reflect myocardial ischemia, our results provide objective evidence that diltiazem is able to reduce the exercise induced myocardial ischemia in effort angina pectoris. PMID- 7127371 TI - [Cardiovascular diseases and the research program]. PMID- 7127372 TI - [Pathophysiology, diagnosis and internal therapy of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7127370 TI - Activity and tolerability of buprenorphine after parenteral and sublingual administration. PMID- 7127374 TI - [Atherogenesis]. PMID- 7127373 TI - [Surgical treatment of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7127376 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of vascular diseases]. PMID- 7127375 TI - [Systemic hypertension]. PMID- 7127377 TI - [Present trends in immunology and immunogenetics]. PMID- 7127378 TI - [Acetylation of sulphadimidine in some liver diseases]. PMID- 7127379 TI - [Comments on the Pathogenesis and therapy of ascites in cirrhosis of the liver]. PMID- 7127380 TI - [The significance of dexamethasone suppression test for psychiatric practice]. PMID- 7127382 TI - [Indications for cardiosurgical operations in patients with valvular defects]. PMID- 7127381 TI - [Demonstration HLA antigens in serum and on thrombocytes using microneutralization and microabsorption tests]. PMID- 7127384 TI - [Echocardiographic study of left ventricular function in young cyclists]. PMID- 7127383 TI - [Blood pressure response to swimming in icy and warm water in individuals adapted to cold]. PMID- 7127385 TI - [Coelomic cysts simulating goiter and hydrocele]. PMID- 7127386 TI - [An attempt to apply the theory of biological similarity in pharmacology]. PMID- 7127388 TI - [QSAR analysis in the transfer of data between biological systems]. PMID- 7127389 TI - [Activity of the antirheumatic benzofenac VUFB, in experimental animals and man, in relation to the species specificity of pharmacokinetics and biotransformation]. PMID- 7127390 TI - [Transfer of data to man and pathological models]. PMID- 7127387 TI - [Determination of the degree of congruence of reactions in various biological species in hypoxia on the basis of the theory of similarity]. PMID- 7127392 TI - [Transferring the effects of highly toxic organophosphates from animal to man]. PMID- 7127391 TI - [Problems of transferring data from experiments to man in the toxicology of metals]. PMID- 7127393 TI - [Extrapolation of data in teratology]. PMID- 7127395 TI - [Changes in the internal environment before and after surgery and after trauma]. PMID- 7127394 TI - [Dynamic evaluation of long-term patency of choledochoduodenostomy in comparison with sphincteroplasty]. PMID- 7127396 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of mediastinal tumors]. PMID- 7127397 TI - [Present status of laser technology]. PMID- 7127398 TI - [Treatment of injuries in children by local gnotobiologic isolation]. PMID- 7127399 TI - [Is it not time for instituting an independent department for intensive care in type I hospitals?]. PMID- 7127400 TI - Kinetic analysis of megakaryocyte numbers and ploidy levels in developing colonies from mouse bone marrow cells. PMID- 7127401 TI - The proliferation response of rat liver parenchymal cells after partial hepatectomy. A methodological study comparing flow cytometry of nuclear DNA content and in vivo and in vitro uptake of thymidine. AB - DNA synthesis in rat hepatocytes, from livers regenerating after 70% hepatectomy, was assessed by flow cytometric determination of nuclear DNA content and by incorporation of [3H]thymidine. Parenchymal liver cells were isolated by collagenase perfusion and low-speed centrifugation. Nuclei from the isolated cells were prepared for flow cytometry by a treatment with detergent, pepsin and RNase, and stained with ethidium bromide. Parallel samples of cells were incubated with [3H]thymidine and analysed for rate of incorporation of radioactivity into DNA and for labelling index determination. The flow cytometric measure of the replicative response, i.e. the presence of cells with S-phase DNA content within the diploid and tetraploid cell populations, was compared with the incorporation of [3H]thymidine. For each of fourteen animals, including two control rats and twelve partially hepatectomized animals killed either before (at 13 hr after hepatectomy), at the onset (16 and 18 hr) or at the peak (24 hr) of regenerating activity, a fairly good correlation was found between the different methods. Satisfactory resolution of the flow cytometric detection of S-phase cells was indicated by a sorting experiment using an Ortho (system 50-H) cell sorter which demonstrated that after [3H]thymidine injection in vivo 88% of the diploid and 84% of the tetraploid S-phase nuclei were labelled, while labelling in the G1-fractions was only 2 and 7%, respectively. PMID- 7127402 TI - Growth characteristics of human melanoma xenografts. AB - The growth of twelve human malignant melanomas in athymic nude mice was studied. Gompertz curves were fitted to volumetric growth data. DNA histograms were obtained with flow cytometry. Each of the twelve melanomas exhibited a characteristic growth pattern, indicating that inherent properties of the tumours are important for the growth control. The theoretical maximum volumes (Vmax) ranged from 208 to 12,900 mm3, the volume doubling times (Td) from 2.8 to 15.3 days (V = 50 mm3) and from 3.8 to 64.6 days (V = 200 mm3), and the fraction of cells in S from 5 to 21%. Tumours with short Td were characterized by a higher growth fraction and probably by a lower cell loss factor than those with long Td. The growth was also influenced by the nude mouse host, as indicated by the values for Vmax, which were similar to those reported for mouse tumours (geometric mean = 8100 mm3), but considerably lower than the volumes of many tumours in man. Also the Td-values for the xenografts were generally lower than those reported for tumours in man, presumably due to a lower cell loss factor. During serial transplantation the growth rate of one of the melanomas increased abruptly, probably because of both an increased growth fraction and a reduced cell loss factor. The latter result demonstrates the necessity of keeping basic biological parameters of xenografts under observation during serial transplantation. PMID- 7127403 TI - Human colorectal tumours in short-term organ culture. A stathmokinetic study. AB - Short-term organ culture, using a technique to preserve epithelial/stromal interaction and metabolism, is a useful technique for carrying out kinetic studies on human colorectal carcinoma and adjacent normal mucosa, providing initial perturbations of proliferative indices are allowed to settle. Tumours require 3.0 micrograms/ml vincristine for complete metaphase arrest compared with mucosa, which needs 0.5 microgram/ml, a 6-fold difference. Using a stathmokinetic technique, the birth rate of tumour cells is 10.21 cells/1000 cells per hr, compared with 7.73 cells/1000 cells per hr for mucosa, a statistically significant difference (P less than 0.01). PMID- 7127404 TI - Radioautographic studies on the formation and maturation of bone marrow lymphocytes in mice. AB - DNA labelling by [3H]thymidine and the sandwich radioimmunolabelling method were used to characterize marrow lymphoid cells and to study the kinetics of production and maturation of small lymphocytes in the bone marrow of adult mice. Marrow lymphoid cells consisted of non-proliferating small lymphocytes, 30-40% of which had detectable surface immunoglobulin (SmIg), and proliferating large lymphoid cells lacking SmIg. Double-labelling experiments employing [3H]thymidine in vivo followed by sandwich radioimmunolabelling in vitro indicated that marrow small lymphocytes lack detectable SmIg when they are formed but develop SmIg within the first few days after production. Marrow lymphocytopoiesis includes; (1) proliferation of large lymphoid cells, which are presumptive small lymphocyte progenitors, which have a cell cycle time of 14-15 hr, and (2) a 3-5 day intramyeloid stage when many newly formed small lymphocytes undergo maturational changes towards the B cell lineage. PMID- 7127405 TI - Calcium-sensitive cells of the pars intermedia and osmotic balance in the eel. II. Response to calcium-free sea water. AB - Freshwater eels were adapted to calcium-free sea water (SW) or 1/3 Ca-free SW. Survival was generally poor in Ca-free SW, although three eels were still in good condition after 19-30 days; survival in 1/3 Ca-free SW was excellent. Osmotic disturbances (increase of plasma osmolarity and sodium levels), which initially occur in Ca-free SW, were no longer detectable after 19-30 days, or in eels in 1/3 Ca-free SW after one month. Plasma calcium sharply decreases initially; it is less depressed after 19-30 days and in 1/3 Ca-free SW. Alterations in the mucus production may be involved in the osmotic changes. Under these conditions no clear stimulation of the calcium-sensitive (Ca-s) cells of the pars intermedia was registered, but in Ca-free SW (1/3 or full strength) the inhibitory effect normally observed in SW does not occur. In a hyperosmotic environment, other ion(s), possibly magnesium, may reduce the response of the Ca-s cells to a lack of environmental calcium. PMID- 7127407 TI - Direct arteriovenous connections and the intermediate circulation in dog spleen, studied by scanning electron microscopy of microcorrosion casts. AB - The exact nature of the circulatory pathways in dog spleen, particularly with reference to the intermediate circulation and the possible existence of direct arteriovenous connections, has been studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of microcorrosion casts. A new casting procedure was developed in which minimal amounts of material were injected into contracted spleens, thus filling preferentially the faster channels for flow. Extensive filling of the red pulp was thereby avoided, leaving an open view of blood vessels and their connections. The depth of focus of the SEM, incomparably greater than those of transmission electron or light microscopes, enabled vascular pathways to be traced over considerable distances. Using this approach, we have obtained clear evidence for abundant connections between arterial capillaries and venous sinuses (i.e., "closed" circulation). Typically, the terminal arteriole bifurcates repeatedly, in quick succession, giving rise to as many as twelve short capillaries, each leading directly to at least one sinus. However, an "open" circulation also exists, inasmuch as the majority of all capillaries end in the marginal zone around lymphatic nodules. In the dilated spleen, direct connections to sinuses are rarely visible but endings in the red pulp are found, in addition to those going to the marginal zone. PMID- 7127408 TI - Complete differentiation in vivo of implanted cultured adipocyte precursors from adult rats. AB - The formation of fully differentiated fat cells from adipocyte precursors, implanted into the same adult rats from which they were derived, is described. Precursor strains of rat epididymal adipocyte strains were grown through five subcultures, some in the presence of radioactive thymidine. While still at a relatively undifferentiated stage, the precursors were re-implanted into a superficial intramuscular location. At the time of resection six months later, "fat pads" were observed at the sites of implantation. These pads contained sheets of cells morphologically identical to mature epididymal adipocytes. The fat cells in pads developing from precursors grown in the presence of [3H]thymidine, were radiolabelled. Therefore, they represent fat cells that have differentiated in vivo from the implanted cultured precursors. Implanted skin fibroblasts did not lead to the formation of adipocytes. The finding that cultured adipocyte precursors from adult rats can differentiate fully not only in vitro, but also in adult animals, supports the probable physiological significance of these cells. The precursors probably participate in fat cell turnover, which likely persists throughout adulthood. PMID- 7127406 TI - Response of calcium-sensitive cells in the pars intermedia of the goldfish adapted to diluted sea water with different calcium and magnesium contents. AB - Goldfish kept in diluted Ca-free sea water (SW) (23 or 30%) or in Ca-Mg-deficient SW (23%) have a limited survival, release large amounts of mucus, and show spasmodic seizures. Plasma calcium decreases. The PAS-positive calcium-sensitive (Ca-s) cells of the pars intermedia show a low activity in diluted SW and in 23% Mg-free SW. In diluted Ca-free SW, Ca-s cells are stimulated, but cell hypertrophy is not uniform and often restricted to an area adjacent to the proximal pars distalis. Nuclear hypertrophy is significant in the reactive area, although less pronounced or even absent at the periphery of the lobe. Mitotic activity occurs in the Ca-s cells of goldfish gradually adapted to diluted Ca free SW and Ca-Mg- deficient SW, and sacrificed after 19 and 28 days, respectively. A general stimulation of the Ca-s cells, which remains less intense than that in goldfish kept in deionized water (DW), appears unable to ensure the survival of the goldfish in an isosmotic Ca-free environment containing Mg2+ (0.1, 12 or 16.8 mM). These data are compared with those obtained in the eel kept in Ca-free SW. PMID- 7127410 TI - Ommatidial structure in relation to turnover of photoreceptor membrane in the locust. AB - In the compound eye of the locust, Locusta, the cross-sectional area of the rhabdoms increases at "dusk" by 4.7-fold due to the rapid assembly of new microvillar membrane, and decreases at "dawn" by a corresponding amount as a result of pinocytotic shedding from the microvilli. The rhabdoms at night have more and longer photoreceptor microvilli than rhabdoms during the day. The orientations of the six rhabdomeres that comprise the distal rhabdom also change. The density of intramembrane particles on the P-face of the microvillar membrane, putatively representing mostly rhodopsin molecules, or aggregates thereof, does not change. An alteration in the size of the ommatidial field-stop, produced by the primary pigment cells, is concomitant with the change in rhabdom size. At night the increase in size of the field-stop must widen the angular acceptance of a rhabdom, increasing the capture of photons from an extended field. Conversely, during the day, when photons are more abundant, its decrease must narrow the acceptance angle, increasing angular resolution. Because of the presence of this field-stop, the optics of the ommatidium would not be greatly affected if the rhabdom were to remain always at its night size. It is argued, therefore, that the variable-size rhabdom must have resulted from some demand other than that of light/dark adaptation. Changes in size and organisation of the rhabdoms in response to various light regimes indicate that: (1) Rapid shedding of photoreceptor membrane is induced by the onset of light, but shedding also occurs slowly in darkness during the day. (2) Microvillar assembly is initiated by the onset of darkness, but also occurs at the normal time of dusk without a change in ambient lighting, provided there has been some light during the day. Therefore, both shedding and assembly of microvillar membrane are affected by the state of illumination, but also appear to be under some endogenous control. PMID- 7127409 TI - Extravascular circulation in the pituitary of Mugil cephalus (Teleostei). AB - Extravascular circulation in the pituitary of Mugil cephalus was investigated by injecting live fish with horseradish peroxidase and studying the distribution of the enzyme in the gland. The principal components of the extravascular circulatory system are the pericapillary spaces, and, arising from them, the interlobular and circumhypophyseal spaces. Extensions of these spaces penetrate the glandular parenchyma of the pars distalis, where they merge with pericellular spaces. In the neurohypophysis, pericapillary spaces are connected to the periaxonal spaces. Capillaries penetrating from the proximal neurohypophysis into the pars distalis are accompanied by neurosecretory axons. These axons form a mass of tissue which is limited near the capillaries by the pericapillary spaces and near the adenohypophysis by the interlobular spaces. Toward the interior of the adenohypophysis the amount of nervous tissue accompanying the capillaries progressively diminishes, thus reducing the distance between pericapillary and interlobular spaces. Within the pars distalis, the neurosecretory axons accompanying the capillaries are sparse, and the secretory and stellate cells are mostly located directly adjacent to the pericapillary spaces. In the neurointermediate lobe, interlobular spaces outline the neuro-adenohypophyseal boundary. The relationship between extravascular spaces and hormone-secreting cells varies in the different regions of the adenohypophysis depending upon the type of neurosecretory innervation in the respective region. In the regions of prolactin and gonadotropin cells, where neurosecretory axons are in direct contact with the secretory cells, the hormone-secreting and stellate cells are adjacent to the pericapillary spaces. In the regions of ACTH and STH cells, secretory and stellate cells are found adjacent to the interlobular spaces, which are interposed between the cells and the neurosecretory axons. PMID- 7127411 TI - Acetylcholine-evoked uncoupling restricts the passage of Lucifer Yellow between pancreatic acinar cells. AB - Direct cell to cell movement of the fluorescent dye Lucifer Yellow CH (457 daltons) in exocrine acinar tissue is demonstrated by direct observation of living mouse pancreatic segments. Electrical uncoupling of pancreatic acinar cells by local application of a high concentration of acetylcholine significantly restricts cell to cell passage of the fluorescent dye. This result shows that a secretagogue can control direct movement of organic molecules between cells through junctional channels. PMID- 7127412 TI - Further studies on the junctional complex in the intestine of Sagitta setosa. Freeze-fracture of the pleated septate junction. AB - The intramembrane structures of the pleated septate junction which occur in the junctional complex of the intestine of the chaetognath Sagitta setosa have been investigated. The pleated septate junction is made up of linear rows of irregularly shaped and sized particles, often fused into short rods, and pits which can be fused into furrows. The distribution of these structures on E and P faces depends upon the preparative methods used. Many of the morphological characteristics are the same as those of the "lower invertebrate pleated septate junction type" defined by Green (1981 a). The physiological significance of this junction is obscure. On the basis of the presence of septate junctions (both of the paired septate junction and pleated septate junction types) which have mainly morphological characteristics of the "lower invertebrate pleated septate junction" we can add to the hypothesis that chaetognaths are not related to the molluscs and arthropods. PMID- 7127413 TI - Ultrastructural study of interdigitating cells in the thymus of the spotless starling, Sturnus unicolor. AB - Interdigitating cells (IDC) in the thymus of the spotless starling, Sturnus unicolor, were examined by electron microscopy. They occur principally in the thymic medulla and corticomedullary border. They possess an irregular nucleus and a perinuclear area of cytoplasm, containing most of the membranous organelles, surrounded by a peripheral electron-lucent zone. Clusters of smooth Golgi vesicles and complicated labyrinthine membrane-membrane contacts are the most characteristic cytological features. Birbeck granules are absent. Lymphocytes, plasma cells and even myoid cells can be found embedded in the cytoplasm. Immature elements, intermediate between epithelial-reticular cells and interdigitating cells, are tentatively identified as prointerdigitating cells. The functional significance of IDCs, and their phylogenetic significance in the vertebrate immune system, is discussed. PMID- 7127415 TI - Endogenous patterns of photomechanical movements in teleosts and their relation to activity rhythms. AB - The retinal rods, cones and epithelial pigment of most lower vertebrates display rhythmic photomechanical (retinomotor) migrations in response to changes in ambient lighting conditions. This study examines the extent of these migrations in the absence of the daily changes in illumination (constant darkness and constant light) in three species of teleosts. Salmo trutta, a crepuscularly active fish, showed two peaks of light adaptation occurring around dawn and dusk when kept in constant darkness. Tinca tinca, a nocturnal species, also showed an endogenous rhythm during extended periods of darkness, but, unlike Salmo trutta, it was light-adapted throughout what would normally have been "day". At the maximal extent of migration under conditions of continual darkness, the pigment migrated 59% as much as it did during a normal light/dark cycle. Nannacara anomala, a tropical diurnally active species, showed a similar but more pronounced rhythm than Tinca tinca for all 3 days of experimental darkness, behaving essentially identically to fish exposed to a light/dark cycle. Nannacara anomala also displayed a weak rhythm when kept in constant light. It is concluded from these and previous results that the pattern of endogenous photomechanical movement depends both on the activity pattern of a species and on the constancy of the lighting conditions to which it has been exposed during its lifetime. PMID- 7127416 TI - The ultrastructure of cerebral blood capillaries in the ratfish, Chimaera monstrosa. AB - Sharks and skates (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii) have a glial blood-brain barrier, while all other vertebrates examined so far have an endothelial barrier. For comparative reasons it is desirable to examine the blood-brain barrier in species from the other subclass of cartilaginous fish, the holocephalans. The ultrastructure of cerebral capillaries in the chimaera (Chondrichthyes: Holocephali) is described in the present study. The endothelial cells are remarkably thick. Fenestrae and transendothelial channels were not observed. The endothelial cells are joined by elaborate tight junctions. The perivascular glial processes are separated by wide spaces (15-60 nm) without obliterating junctional complexes. These findings indicate that the chimaera has an endothelial blood brain barrier. PMID- 7127414 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) containing neurons in the hypothalamus of the Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix. AB - The localization of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in the hypothalamus of the quail has been studied by means of light- and electron-microscopic immunohistochemistry. Numerous VIP-immunoreactive perikarya are distributed in the caudal portion of the nucleus infundibularis (n. tuberis) and nucleus mamillaris lateralis, and sparse in the preoptic area, nucleus supraopticus and nucleus paraventricularis. Dense localization of immunoreactive-VIP fibers is observed in the external layer of the median eminence, in close contact with the primary portal capillaries. The main origins of these fiber terminals are VIP immunoreactive perikarya of the nucleus infundibularis. These neurons are spindle or bipolar and extend one process to the ventricular surface and another to the external layer of median eminence. They are CSF-contacting neurons and apparently constitute the tuberohypophysial tract that links the third ventricle and the hypophysial portal circulation. VIP-reactive neurons in the nucleus mamillaris lateralis also project axons to the external layer of the median eminence, constituting the posterior bundle of the tuberohypophysial tract. Numerous VIP immunoreactive perikarya occur also in the nucleus accumbens/pars posterior close to the lateral ventricle. They are also CSF-contacting neurons extending a process to the lateral ventricle. There are moderate distributions of VIP reactive fibers in the area ventralis and in the area septalis. Ultrastructurally, the immunoreactive products against VIP are found in the elementary granules, 75-115 nm in diameter, within the nerve fibers in the median eminence. PMID- 7127417 TI - The significance of the subcompartments of the marginal zone for directing lymphocyte traffic within the splenic pulp of the rat. AB - These studies were designed to gain more detailed information on the sites of lymphocyte migration into the marginal zone, on lymphocyte segregation within this area and on subsequent migration of the cells in individual compartments of the rat spleen. A lymphocyte population enriched in T-lymphocytes was obtained from rat lymph nodes and was labeled with 5-(3H)uridine in vitro. Observations on localization of labeled lymphocytes at short time intervals following their intravenous transfusion into syngeneic recipients, indicate that the sites of emigration from the blood are the internal and external layers of the marginal zone. From here, the cells migrate towards the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath and the red pulp. PMID- 7127418 TI - Ultrastructure of pinealocytes of the kangaroo rat (Dipodomys ordi). AB - The ultrastructure of the pinealocytes of the wild-captured ord kangaroo rat (Dipodomys ordi) was examined. A homogeneous population of pinealocytes was present in the pineal gland of the kangaroo rat. The Golgi apparatus, granular endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, lysosomes, dense-core vesicles, vacuoles containing a flocculent material and lipid droplets were consistent components of the pinealocyte cytoplasm, whereas infrequently-observed organelles included centrioles, multivesicular bodies, subsurface cisternae, "synaptic" ribbons and cilia. The number of dense-core vesicles was relatively high and dense-core vesicles and vacuoles containing a flocculent material were present in the same cell. Although it has been recently suggested that two different secretory processes, i.e., neurosecretory-like (Golgi apparatus - dense-core vesicles) and ependymal-like (granular endoplasmic reticulum - vacuoles containing a flocculent material) may be involved in different regulatory mechanisms in the pinealocytes, the definitive answer to this is still far from clear. Therefore, the pineal gland of the kangaroo rat appears to be a good model for the study of the potential relationship between these two secretory processes, especially in respect to seasonal changes. PMID- 7127419 TI - Morphometric analysis of hypoxia-induced synaptic activity in intrapulmonary neuroepithelial bodies. AB - A morphometric analysis has demonstrated ultrastructural changes induced by hypoxia in the epithelial cells and the intracorpuscular nerve endings of the presumed chemoreceptive intrapulmonary neuroepithelial bodies (NEB) of neonatal rabbits. Acute hypoxia stimulates an exocytosis of epithelial dense-core vesicles (DCV) at the level of the morphologically afferent or sensory (type 1 a) intracorpuscular nerve endings of the NEB. Assuming the epithelial cells to be chemoreceptive, this phenomenon could represent a transduction of sensory stimuli. In the morphologically efferent or motor (type 2 and type 1b) intracorpuscular nerve endings of the NEB, acute hypoxia causes a depletion of synaptic vesicles and an increase in the amount of membrane-bounded cisternae and multivesicular bodies, suggestive of an enhanced synaptic activity of these nerve endings. It is proposed that the chemoreceptor cells could thus in turn be modulated centrifugally by their efferent-like intracorpuscular nerve endings. It has been proposed in our earlier studies that the NEB probably are intrapulmonary chemoreceptors with local secretory activities, reacting to the composition of the inhaled air. By the release of serotonin and peptide substances they may produce a local vasoconstriction in hypoxically aerated lung areas, enabling an intrapulmonary regulation of the V/Q ratio. The present study provides evidence that, in addition to this local effect, NEB could generate centripetal nerve impulses via exocytosis of epithelial DCV at the afferent-like intracorpuscular nerve endings. At the same time they could be modulated by the CNS via their efferent-like intracorpuscular nerve endings. PMID- 7127421 TI - Structural reactions to polarized light of microvilli in photoreceptor cells of the moth Spodoptera. AB - Intact armyworm moths (Spodoptera exempta, Fam. Noctuidae) were illuminated by polarized monochromatic light to induce structural changes in the rhabdomeres of the compound eyes. The degree of distortion of their microvilli depends on the light energy absorbed per time unit. Under polarized light, the number of quanta absorbed varies with the position of the plane of polarization relative to the axis of the microvilli (intrinsic dichroism). Therefore, in Spodoptera, different degrees of deformations could be demonstrated in differently oriented rhabdomeres of both types of ommatidia. Moreover, in rhabdoms of the lobed type with fan-like arranged microvilli, different reactions were regularly seen in differently oriented microvilli of one rhabdomere. This indicates that microvilli may react to light individually. PMID- 7127423 TI - Axon terminals with unusual vesicles in the brain of the polychaete, Ophryotrocha puerilis. PMID- 7127420 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of serotonin in intrapulmonary neuro-epithelial bodies. AB - A recently developed immunohistochemical technique for serotonin (Steinbusch et al. 1978) was used in the present investigation to study the occurrence of this indoleamine in the granulated epithelial cells of neuro-epithelial bodies (NEB). Lungs from neonatal rabbits and pigs exhibit immunoreactive cell groups identical in morphology and their preferential location (i.e., at bronchiolar bifurcations) to the recently described intrapulmonary NEB. Moreover, in the trachea and lung of rabbits isolated immunoreactive cells, presumably of Kultschitsky type, were found in the lining respiratory mucosa. Such single cells were also frequently observed in the bronchial epithelium of pig lungs. It is concluded that the corpuscular cells, being modulated by the central nervous system, probably represent intrapulmonary neuro(chemo-)receptors with local secretory activities, one of the substances released being serotonin and reacting to the oxygen composition of the inhaled air. It is proposed that the cells of Kultschitsky type exert a more local effect upon the airways. PMID- 7127424 TI - Ultrastructure of the rat median eminence after superfusion. AB - Isolated medio-basal hypothalami of adult rats were continuously superfused in a chamber with controllable inputs and outputs, for periods from 30 to 240 min. The median eminence was prepared for transmission electron microscopy under carefully controlled conditions by immersion fixation with osmium tetroxide. The ultrastructure of superfused median eminence was compared with that of directly fixed, non-superfused median eminence. Even after 4h of superfusion, the median eminence displays remarkably well preserved histological and cytological patterns; cytomembranes, cell organelles, intercellular relationships, and extracellular spaces were remarkably similar in superfused and non-superfused tissues. As a consequence of osmium tetroxide fixation, microtubules were not observable. The ultrastructural information obtained from unstimulated rat median eminence superfused in vitro provides a basis for future morphofunctional correlations in the study of neurosecretion. PMID- 7127425 TI - Ultrastructural changes in the neurohypophysis of the aged male rat. AB - The neurohypophyses (neural lobes of the pituitary) of young adult (3-6 months) and aged (12-30 months) male rats were studied by means of electron microscopy. Stereomorphometric analyses were performed to determine the size, number and relative volume of the hormone-containing vesicles. The principal observations included: 1) the conspicuous depletion in aged rats of the granular hormone containing vesicles from the axon terminals and the Herring bodies, with a decrease in the relative volume fraction of the vesicles from 4.8 Vv% in the control animals to 1.1 Vv% in the aged rats; 2) a change in the size-distribution of the hormone vesicles; 3) an increase in the extracellular space around the nerve terminals, axons and capillaries; and 4) lipid accumulations and signs of activation in the pituicytes. The possible physiological significance of the findings is discussed in the light of several regulatory functions known to be altered during the process of ageing. PMID- 7127426 TI - Antennal hygroreceptors of the honey bee, Apis mellifera L. AB - Antennal hygroreceptors of the honey bee, Apis mellifera L., have been investigated electrophysiologically and the sensillum containing these receptors with SEM. Moist and dry hygroreceptors have been identified along with a thermal receptor in a specialized coeloconic sensillum. This sensillum comprises a cuticular, shallow depression (diameter; 4 micrometer) having a central opening (1.4-1.5 micrometer) and a mushroom-shaped protrusion (1.4-1.5 micrometer) from the opening. The head of the protrusion is irregular in shape and is not perforated. This sensillum has been thus far referred to as a "sensillum campaniformium" (Dietz and Humphreys 1971), henceforth, it is referred to as a coelocapitular sensillum. The responses of both moist and dry hygroreceptors are of a phasic-tonic manner. Both receptors are antagonistic with respect to their responses to humidity; one responds with an increase in impulse frequency to rising humidity, the other to falling humidity. The humidity-response relationship is independent of stimulus flux. PMID- 7127422 TI - Occurrence of different secretin-like cells in the digestive tract of the ascidian Styela plicata (Urochordata, Ascidiacea). AB - Secretin-like cells have been detected in the digestive tract of the ascidian Styela plicata by means of immunofluorescent and immunocytochemical methods. Especially, in the esophageal epithelium there are immunoreactive cells (S2) in which a biogenic amine (5-HT) and a regulatory peptide (secretin) occur together. In the gastric epithelium only secretin-like cells (S1) are present. Tests of cross-reactivity performed with glucagon, GIP and VIP, have confirmed the presence of a secretin-like molecule only in the S1 and S2 cells. PMID- 7127427 TI - Varicose axons bearing "synaptic" vesicles on the basal lamina of the human seminiferous tubules. AB - Normal (infant and adult) and pathological testes were examined by electron microscopy in order to study testicular innervation. Nerves composed of non myelinated fibres were abundant in the tunica vasculosa of the tunica albuginea. These nerves penetrated into the testicular septa reaching the interstitial tissue. This showed numerous non-myelinated nerve fibres running among the Leydig cells and blood vessels. Single axons or small groups of them, partially surrounded by Schwann cells, approached: 1) the Leydig cells, 2) the interstitial blood vessels, and 3) the seminiferous tubules. Single naked axons were also observed primarily in the proximity of the seminiferous tubules. These axons showed varicosities containing both small and large "synaptic" vesicles. The latter were less numerous and contained a central dense core. Small vesicles were agranular. Some varicose axons ran across the myofibroblast layer of the tunica propria reaching the basal lamina of the seminiferous tubules at the level of the Sertoli cells but not at the level of the spermatogonia. The intercellular space between Sertoli cell and axon membrane was about 150-200 nm. PMID- 7127428 TI - Monoamine-containing varicosities in the neural sheath of a gastropod mollusc demonstrated by glyoxylic acid histofluorescence. AB - The glyoxylic acid monoamine-detecting technique of Bolstad et al. (1979) was applied to wholemounts of intact ganglia of the gastropod mollusc Philine aperta. A dense network of fluorescent varicosities was found in the sheath of the suboesophageal, visceral and genital ganglia, and most of their nerves. Drug treatment experiments suggest that these projections to the neural sheath contain serotonin. The significance of these terminals in the sheath is discussed and proposals for further work are given. PMID- 7127429 TI - Afferent connections of physiologically identified neuronal complexes in the paraventricular nucleus of conscious Pekin ducks involved in regulation of salt- and water-balance. PMID- 7127431 TI - External structure of the sensillum capitulum, a hygro- and thermoreceptive sensillum of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana. AB - The antennal hygro- and thermoreceptive sensillum (sensillum capitulum) of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana, has been identified electrophysiologically and examined by scanning electron microscopy. It appears basiconic and has a characteristic cuticular apparatus; a mushroom-shaped inner stem and a non perforated outer wall. The head of the inner stem, which is a cap of about 0.5 micrometer diameter, protrudes from the distal margin of the outer wall. The inner stem is not perforated, though in some cases a tiny hollow is observed in the apex of the cap. This kind of cuticular apparatus is not found in other sensilla and may be modality-specific to hygro- and/or thermoreception. The sensillum capitulum occurs singly on the distal part of each alternating segment of the flagellum and on each segment of some distal meristal segments. PMID- 7127430 TI - Perivascular nerves in the feline carotid rete. AB - Numerous nerve fibres containing acetylcholinesterase and noradrenaline, as well as avian pancreatic polypeptide-, vasoactive intestinal peptide-, or substance P like immunoreactivity are observed around arteries in the external carotid rete of the cat. The nerves are located in the adventitial layer close to the media. It is possible that adrenergic, cholinergic and peptidergic nerve fibres may have a strong neurogenic influence on the rete blood vessels. PMID- 7127432 TI - Ultrastructure of a specialized thrust-sensitive, insect mechanoreceptor: stimulus-transmitting structures and sensory apparatus in the rostral horns of Notiophilus biguttatus. PMID- 7127434 TI - A tubulo-cisternal endoplasmic reticulum system in the potassium transporting marginal cells of the stria vascularis and effects of the ototoxic diuretic ethacrynic acid. AB - Sections of metal impregnated tissue and freeze-fracture have been used to examine intracellular membrane systems in marginal cells of the stria vascularis in mammalian cochleae. A continuous network of elements of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum was revealed. Notable features of this system were a series of flattened cisternae just inside and parallel with the lateral plasma membrane in continuity with an apical network of tubules, cisternae and sheets oriented in parallel with the luminal membrane. The whole system was closely associated with mitochondria. These characteristics suggest that the potassium transporting marginal cells possess a tubulo-cisternal endoplasmic reticulum (TER) like that found in many sodium transporting epithelial cells. The lateral elements of the TER dilated, appearing like vacuoles, and opened to the lateral extracellular space in response to the effects of ethacrynic acid. This diuretic impairs ion transport in the stria vascularis. It is suggested that the TER in marginal cells is involved in the transport of ions and fluid from the cell to the intercellular space when ion balance is disturbed and may play a role in cell volume regulation. PMID- 7127433 TI - Phagocytosis of erythrocytes by the proximal tubule of the rat kidney. AB - Morphological examination of kidney biopsies from patients with glomerulonephritis and hematuria has revealed the presence of erythrocytes within epithelial cells of the proximal tubule. This observation suggested that the proximal tubule might be capable of phagocytizing morphologically intact erythrocytes. To examine this possibility small quantities of heparinized autologous blood were injected into surface convolutions of proximal tubules of the rat kidney using standard micropuncture techniques. At time intervals ranging from 10 min to 120 h after injection, the kidneys were preserved for light and transmission electron microscopy by drip-fixation with a half-strength Karnovsky's glutaraldehyde-formaldehyde fixative. During the initial 6 h there was a flattening of the brush border and accumulation of electron-dense material representing hemoglobin in apical vacuoles and in lysosome-like structures. From 6 to 15 h after micropuncture, there was progressive loss of the brush border and the simultaneous formation of pseudopodia-like evaginations that extended from the apical plasma membrane and surrounded the individual erythrocytes. By 18 and 24 h, erythrocytes were observed in the proximal tubule cells. At later time intervals, edema, lymphocytic infiltration, and fibrosis were observed in the interstitium. In addition, crystalline structures were present in the lumen and the cells of both proximal and distal tubules. These findings suggest that in addition to their well-established ability to pinocytize hemoglobin and other proteins, the cells of the proximal tubule are capable of phagocytizing morphologically intact autologous erythrocytes. It is possible that phagocytosis by the proximal tubule cells may play a role in the disposal of erythrocytes from the tubular fluid in hematuric conditions. PMID- 7127436 TI - Ultrastructure of the perfused rat epididymis: effect of luminal sodium ion concentration. AB - The appearance of the rat epididymal epithelium changed when it was perfused in vivo through the lumen with unphysiologically high sodium ion concentrations; dilatation of intercellular spaces (ICS) at threshold concentrations of 30 mM-Na+ in the cauda and about 55 mM-Na+ in the corpus was associated with absorption of water from the lumen. Despite the distended ICS, junctional complexes appeared intact, and their integrity was confirmed by the exclusion of luminal horseradish peroxidase (HRP) from the ICS, and by demonstrating that circulating [3H]inulin did not enter the lumen. Smooth ER and lipid droplets in the principal cells of the corpus epididymidis were well maintained, and the preservation of granular ER in principal cells of the cauda epididymidis lent morphological support to the continued secretion of protein in this segment. However, occasional distension or involution of inner Golgi cisternae was evident in principal cells after 3-6 h perfusion. In contrast to multivesicular bodies of principal cells, the apical and basal vacuoles characteristic of clear cells changed in size with different perfusion. In contrast to multivesicular bodies of principal cells, the apical and basal vacuoles characteristic of clear cells changed in size with different perfusing solutions. When low Na+ concentrations were perfused large translucent vacuoles were frequently found in the apical cytoplasm of clear cells in the corpus and cauda epididymidis, and filled vacuoles became larger and showed a decrease in content density in the cauda epididymidis. These large vacuoles were absent from tissue perfused with high Na+ concentrations. Normal pinocytotic activity of both cell types was demonstrated by perfusing HRP which was taken up by the normal route in principal cells, with some transfer to the Golgi cisternae. By far the most HRP was accumulated in clear cell vacuoles irrespective of the composition of the perfusing solution. PMID- 7127435 TI - The distribution and ultrastructure of sensory elements in the baroreceptor region of the truncus arteriosus of the lizard Trachydosaurus rugosus. AB - The proximal truncus arteriosus of the lizard Trachydosaurus rugosus was studied with light-, fluorescence- and electron-microscopical techniques. Three vessels comprised the truncus; the pulmonary, left aortic, and carotico-aortic arteries. Right and left truncal nerves, each derived from the ipsilateral vagus nerve, innervated the truncus, particularly its proximal 3 mm. Ultrastructurally, the nerves had a variety of appearances: some were clearly adrenergic, c-type or p type. A number of profiles contained large numbers of mitochondria and were classified as sensory. Some profiles defied exact classification, having characteristics common to two different types of profile. Within the outer medial layers, profiles up to 7 micrometers in diameter were found. These contained large numbers of mitochondria, myelin bodies and structures intermediate between the two. In addition, the profiles contained large amounts of glycogen and small numbers of vesicles. These nerve fibres were classified as baroreceptors, since they closely resemble carotid sinus and aortic arch baroreceptors in mammals. Large numbers of chromaffin cells were found, particularly in the common wall of the pulmonary and left aortic arteries. Many of these cells emitted a long tapering process, which sometimes entered a nearby nerve bundle. Sensory, p-type and c-type profiles, but not adrenergic profiles, made extensive close contacts with chromaffin cells. PMID- 7127437 TI - The secretion of the subcommissural organ. A comparative immunocytochemical investigation. PMID- 7127440 TI - Preantral intra-ovarian oocyte release in the white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus. AB - Adult white-footed mice, Peromyscus leucopus, were kept either in long photoperiod (LP; LD 16:8) or in short photoperiod (SP; LD 8:16) for six weeks. Ovaries were serially sectioned and examined histologically. Preantral follicles were observed to release their oocyte into the ovarian stroma. This phenomenon is termed "preantral intra-ovarian oocyte release (PIOR)". The first step in PIOR appeared to be the interruption of the basal membrane and the thecal layer. PIOR was considered incomplete when the oocyte was retained in the follicular compartment. PIOR was complete when granulosa cells were seen to be herniated and the oocyte released either into the interstitial cortical tissue or into a corpus luteum. During incomplete PIOR signs of atresia were increased, whereas during complete PIOR they were decreased. Resumption of meiosis was not seen. PIOR was observed in 19.5% of the ovaries after LP and in 18.8% of the ovaries after SP. PIOR is regarded as a sign of follicular atresia. PMID- 7127438 TI - Further freeze-fracture studies on the uterine epithelium of Salamandra salamandra (L.) (Amphibia, Urodela) using the antibiotic filipin. AB - The apical portion of the uterine lining of the ovoviviparous fire salamander, Salamandra salamandra, was studied by the freeze-fracture technique in conjunction with the polyene antibiotic filipin. Filipin-sterol complexes were found in the luminal plasmalemma and in the membranes limiting the mucous secretory granules typical of this epithelium. In all females, but particularly in non-pregnant females, more or less discrete clusters of filipin-sterol complexes were occasionally found overlying heavily affected secretory granules. The findings are discussed with regard to comparable results (Orci et al. 1980) based on the examination of collapsed and stretched urinary bladders of toads. PMID- 7127442 TI - Peutz-Jeghers syndrome in a Zimbabwean. PMID- 7127441 TI - Unusual structural changes in mitochondria during spermiogenesis in the oribatid mite, Hafenrefferia gilvipes (Acari). AB - During spermiogenesis in the oribatid mite, Hafenrefferia gilvipes, striking alterations in the structure and location of mitochondria in spermatids were observed. The structural changes include formation of a single, distended annular crista, which subsequently becomes tubular. Initially, the mitochondria are located in central regions of the cytoplasm, they then move first to the plasmalemma and subsequently to the nuclear envelope, and finally are engulfed in the nuclear material. PMID- 7127443 TI - Shock lung in measles or platelet place revisited. PMID- 7127439 TI - The fine structure of the brain of Gastrocotyle trachuri (Monogena: Platyhelminthes). AB - The fine structure of the brain of the monogenean Gastrocotyle trachuri (Platyhelminthes) is described. The brain consists of a central neuropile surrounded by a layer of cell bodies. The neuropile is composed of a fine meshwork of naked neurites which contain various types of vesicles and other organelles although microtubules have not been found. Five kinds of vesicles; three clear types and two dense types, were found within the neuropile. Two types of neuronal cell body were identified on the basis of thier vesicle contents although it is possible that these two types represent the extremes of a single cell type. A characteristic feature of the neuronal perikarya of Gastrocotyle is the presence of deep infoldings into the cell of the outer membrane. These infoldings often contain fibrous interstitial material and in a number of cases hemidesmosome-like structures have been found in the distended, distal end of the infoldings. PMID- 7127444 TI - A simple behavioural approach for the management of childhood encopresis. PMID- 7127446 TI - Glomerulonephritis: the lesions produced and how they are produced. PMID- 7127447 TI - Nhova (the myths and the facts). PMID- 7127449 TI - Incidence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Zimbabwe. PMID- 7127448 TI - Brain death. PMID- 7127445 TI - Frequency of mental disorders among outpatients at a rural district hospital in Kenya. PMID- 7127451 TI - Primum non nocere. PMID- 7127450 TI - Renal amyloidosis complication of tuberculoid leprosy and plasma cell dyscrasia. Case reports of three patients. PMID- 7127452 TI - Paralysis following acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis--a report of two cases. PMID- 7127453 TI - Fatal pulmonary embolism complicating percutaneous liver biopsy--case reports. PMID- 7127454 TI - Low levels of vitamins A, C and E in Nigerian children with spina bifida cystica. PMID- 7127457 TI - Cluster headache: heart rate and blood pressure changes during spontaneous attacks. AB - The ECG findings before, during and following 81 spontaneous attacks of cluster headache in 24 patients have been recorded using a Holter cardiography system. No significant change in mean heart rate was found during attacks, when all attacks were considered as a group. Attacks which began when patients were awake differed from those which began during sleep as regards changes in mean heart rate. The mean heart rate decreased during the majority (61%) of attacks which began when patients were awake, whereas it remained unchanged or increased during the majority (67.5%) of attacks which began during sleep. The attacks which began when patients were awake also had higher absolute mean heart rate values before, during and following attacks compared to similar values for those attacks which began during sleep. blood pressure was measured during 11 attacks and showed a significant increase in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The heart rate and blood pressure in six patients usually increased during induced head pain. PMID- 7127456 TI - Platelet serotonin uptake and migraine. AB - Platelet serotonin uptake characteristics (Km, Vmax, y) were determined in platelet-rich plasma for 11 common migraineurs and 15 health volunteers. All three parameters were decreased only for the three patients having a migraine attack during blood collection, Migrainous platelets isolated on dextran or resuspended in control plasma exhibited normal serotonin uptake. This finding suggests that plasmatic factor(s) may be responsible for the decrease of platelet serotonin uptake observed during migraine attacks. PMID- 7127458 TI - Aspirin treatment of migraine attacks: clinical observations. AB - A retrospective study of the efficacy of soluble aspirin in migraine has been carried out. Data were available for 61 patients. These patients differed in only relatively minor ways from the remainder of the population of migraine sufferers referred to a neurological consultative practice. Soluble aspirin usually or always relieved migraine attacks in 44% of these patients, and sometimes relieved the disorder in another 25%. Adverse effects mainly nausea and vomiting, were reported by 16% of patients only, and in some cases nausea and vomiting may have been due to migraine rather than to the drug. Response to aspirin was unrelated to factors such as the patient's age, sex and duration of migraine history, and to the severity of migraine or occurrence of nausea and vomiting during attacks. However, the presence of a migraine aura appeared to improve the chances of a response to aspirin. The aura may have permitted earlier recognition that migraine was present, and thus allowed earlier aspirin intake at a stage when it had a better chance of influencing migraine mechanisms. PMID- 7127460 TI - Limitations of ergonovine testing in patients with variant angina. AB - Fourteen patients with variant angina underwent ergonovine testing during diagnostic coronary angiography. The clinical electrocardiographic or angiographic manifestations of coronary artery spasm could not be reproduced in six of these patients. Five patients had chest pain and transient ST-segment elevation within 4 days of the ergonovine study, including three who developed coronary spasm in the catheterization laboratory. It appears that the sensitivity of ergonovine testing in the diagnosis of coronary spasm is lower than previously emphasized. PMID- 7127461 TI - Determinants of total body oxygen consumption in adults undergoing cardiac catheterization. AB - Oxygen consumption was measured in 500 patients (151 F, 349 M, ages 12-84 yr.) undergoing routine cardiac catheterization. Sex, age, and heart rate were found to be the strongest predictors of oxygen consumption index (OCI). Males had higher OCI values than females at any age. Older patients of both sexes had lower OCI values than younger patients. Heart rate correlated directly with OCI. Treatment with propranolol correlated inversely with OCI. However, after correction for heart rate, there were no significant differences in OCI values between propranolol treated and nontreated patients. A linear regression equation was developed using combinations of variables to predict OCI, and tables are presented for predicting OCI in those patients in whom this variable cannot be directly measured. PMID- 7127455 TI - Are we winning? PMID- 7127459 TI - Mortality related to cardiac catheterization and angiography. AB - During a 14-month period, 75 deaths occurring in relation to 53,581 cardiac catheterizations were consecutively and prospectively reported to the Registry Committee of the Society for Cardiac Angiography. Three of the patients died several days after their catheterization from an unrelated cause and are excluded from this analysis. There were 21 patients (group I) who arrived at the laboratory in extremis and whose deaths were expected irrespective of the catheterization. Most of these patients suffered from recent myocardial infarctions and cardiogenic shock, or had complex congenital malformations. In 35 patients (group II), a cardiovascular complication occurring during the catheterization resulted in death. In 16 patients (group III) catheterization seemed uneventful, but death occurred suddenly 10 min to 10 h after the procedure. Of these 16 patients, eight had left main coronary artery obstruction greater than or equal to 90%, five had three-vessel disease all with 90% obstructions, one had 2-vessel disease both with 90% obstructions, and who had critical aortic stenosis. The 51 unexpected deaths (groups II and III) were considered to be causally related to the procedure, a mortality rate of 0.10%. Subsets with an increased mortality rate (M), were patients with: a) left main disease greater than 50% (M = 0.94%); b) ejection fraction less than 30% (M = 0.54%); c) NYHA class III or IV (m = 0.24%); d) age over 60 years (M = 0.23%); or e) three-vessel disease (M = 0.13%). In conclusion, catheterization related mortality occurs mostly in patients with far advanced cardiac disease. Nearly 1/3 of the unexpected deaths occurred suddenly after a seemingly uneventful procedure. Close monitoring after catheterization of patients with similar characteristics (left main disease greater than or equal to 90%, or three-vessel disease all greater than or equal to 90%) might disclose avenues for reducing mortality occurring after catheterization. PMID- 7127464 TI - Coronary arteriovenous-arterial fistula. PMID- 7127462 TI - Effects of new calcium channel blocker of niludipine on the coronary hemodynamics, diastolic properties, and metabolic responses to tachycardia stress in patients with coronary disease. AB - A new calcium channel blocker, niludipine, was administered intravenously to nine patients with coronary artery disease in order to investigate its effects on left ventricular systolic and diastolic function, coronary sinus blood flow, and myocardial lactate metabolism. Coronary sinus pacing was performed in all patients and produced angina in six patients. Niludipine increased the resting heart rate from 75+/-3 beats/min (mean+/-SEM) to 82+/-3 (NS) and decreased the left ventricular systolic pressure from 155+/-4.7 mm Hg to 134+/-2.8 (p less than 0.05). Coronary sinus blood flow increased by 9%(NS). During pacing after niludipine, clinical improvement occurred in the six patients who had initially experienced angina. The extent of ischemic ST segment depression was decreased ( 1.56+/-0.27 mm to -0.78+/-0.38, p less than 0.02) and myocardial lactate metabolism was improved. When pacing was terminated, niludipine suppressed the elevation of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure compared to pretreatment values (16.2+/-2.5 mm Hg vs 8.5+/-0.9, p less than 0.05) and decreased the left ventricular time constant T(26.4+/-3.6 msec to 20.2+/-2.4 p less than 0.05). The results suggest that niludipine appears to be beneficial in reducing systolic and diastolic work of the left ventricle during pacing induced angina without a significant change in total coronary sinus blood flow. Niludipine appears to have less of a hypotensive and reflex tachycardic effect than nifedipine. PMID- 7127463 TI - Fixed vs nonfixed coronary stenosis: the response to a fall in coronary pressure in a canine model. AB - The resistance of a coronary stenosis capable of passive vasomotion may change in response to alterations in intraluminal pressure. We studied the effects of a fall in perfusion pressure on the hemodynamics of two types of coronary stenosis in 12 open chest dogs: 1) a stenosis produced by placing a soft wire snare around the artery, and 2) a stenosis that was fixed in severity, produced by introducing and tying a short section of hollow plastic tubing into the coronary artery. Aortic pressure, coronary pressure proximal and distal to the stenosis, and coronary flow were measured. Pressure in the stenotic artery was lowered by tightening a snare placed very proximally on the artery. In arteries with a snare stenosis, lowering proximal coronary pressure by a mean of 31 mm Hg caused a rise in stenosis resistance from 0.86 +/- 0.06 to 1.38 +/- 0.14 units (p less than 0.001). However, in arteries with a fixed plastic stenosis, lowering the proximal coronary pressure by a mean of 30 mm Hg caused a fall in stenosis resistance from 0.36 +/- 0.04 to 0.21 +/- 0.03 units ( p less than 0.001). The increase in resistance of the snare stenoses as pressure was lowered may be attributed to passive narrowing of the stenotic segment, suggesting that these stenoses were not fixed in severity. However, the fixed plastic stenoses did not show an increase in resistance as pressure fell because the tubing was not capable of passively narrowing. Therefore, the hemodynamics of a coronary stenosis depend importantly on the type of stenosis that is present and whether it is capable of vasomotion. PMID- 7127465 TI - Angiographic demonstration of coronary sinus thrombosis: a potential consequence of trauma to the coronary sinus. AB - Abnormalities of the coronary sinus are rarely encountered. A case is presented demonstrating for the first time the angiographic appearance of coronary sinus thrombosis. This may have been the result of surgical trauma during mitral valve replacement or inadvertent cannulation of the coronary sinus during right heart catheterization or pacemaker insertion. Although the clinical significance of coronary sinus thrombosis is uncertain, obstruction of coronary sinus blood flow should not be deleterious because of multiple anastomoses between the coronary sinus system and the anterior cardiac veins. Difficulty in cannulating the coronary sinus for physiologic studies should suggest the possibility of coronary sinus thrombosis, especially in patients who have undergone mitral valve replacement. This may be confirmed by observing the venous phase of selective left coronary arteriography. Finally, coronary sinus thrombosis may be important as a source of pulmonary emboli. The prevalence of this serious complication requires further study. PMID- 7127467 TI - Transarterial pulmonary venous wedge arteriography in pulmonary atresia, ventricular septal defect, and intact atrial septum. AB - Transarterial pulmonary venous wedge arteriography was performed in four cases of pulmonary atresia (PA), ventricular septal defect (VSD), and intact atrial septum. In two cases, only the left pulmonary artery was visualized by selective injection to the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) or Blalock-Taussig anastomosis (B T shunt), and the right pulmonary artery was opacified by transarterial retrograde pulmonary arteriography. In two other cases, with nonfunctioning B-T shunt, the pulmonary artery was not opacified by either aortography nor by injection into the B-T shunt. Transarterial pulmonary vein wedge arteriography visualized a confluent pulmonary artery. Transarterial pulmonary vein wedge arteriography was a useful and safe procedure for opacifying the pulmonary artery that could not be visualized antegradely in VSD, PA, and intact atrial septum. PMID- 7127466 TI - Long-term survival following cardiac rupture with subsequent development of left ventricular pseudoaneurysm. AB - This report describes a patient who survived rupture of the left ventricular free wall following a myocardial infarction and who then subsequently went on to develop a pseudoaneurysm. The rupture became clinically recognized when the patient developed cardiac tamponade. A large hemopericardium was evacuated by performing a thoracotomy and a pericardiotomy. Although not evident at the time of the initial catheterization, a pseudoaneurysm developed over the ensuing months. The aneurysm was initially recognized by radionuclide angiography and confirmed by left ventricular angiography at a second cardiac catheterization. The aneurysm was successfully resected, and the patient was alive and functioning normally 18 months after rupture and 12 months after aneurysmectomy. PMID- 7127468 TI - A safe and rapid technique for retrograde catheterization of the left ventricle in aortic stenosis. AB - The present report describes our experience in 82 patients with a pigtail straight guide wire system for crossing stenotic aortic valves. The technique was successful in 95% of all the attempts and the average fluoroscopic time was three minutes. There were no major complications of the procedure. The technique allowed for consistent, high quality ventriculograms in 73 patients enabling us to define the severity of concomitant mitral regurgitation in 27 of the patients, as well as a preoperative ejection fraction in all 73 patients. We conclude that the technique as described is a safe and efficient way to obtain both hemodynamic and angiographic information at minimum risk in patients with severe aortic stenosis. PMID- 7127469 TI - Involvement of higher order chromatin structures in metaphase chromosome organization. AB - Using electron microscopy we show that the metaphase chromatin fibers of Chinese hamster ovary cells form the same ionic strength-dependent higher order structures as the corresponding interphase chromatin fibers. We present evidence that such intact chromatin fibers are a prerequisite for the maintenance of the characteristic shape of metaphase chromosomes. The evidence is based on the finding that treatment of chromosomes with 0.5 M NaCl, a condition which is known to remove histone H1 and which destroys the higher order structure of chromatin fibers, also leads to a disintegration of the metaphase chromosome structure, whereas treatment with 0.3 M (or less) NaCl has no effect on the integrity of the chromosomes and their chromatin fibers. These data support a model in which the metaphase chromosome is maintained by a tight assembly of the 25-30 nm thick chromatin fibers containing all the histones. PMID- 7127471 TI - Dedifferentiated chondrocytes reexpress the differentiated collagen phenotype when cultured in agarose gels. AB - The differentiated phenotype of rabbit articular chondrocytes consists primarily of type II collagen and cartilage-specific proteoglycan. During serial monolayer culture this phenotype is lost and replaced by a complex collagen phenotype consisting predominately of type I collagen and a low level of proteoglycan synthesis. Such dedifferentiated chondrocytes reexpress the differentiated phenotype during suspension culture in firm gels of 0.5% low Tm agarose. Approximately 80% of the cells survive this transition from the flattened morphology of anchorage-dependent culture to the spherical morphology of anchorage-independent culture and then deposit characteristic proteoglycan matrix domains. The rates of proteoglycan and collagen synthesis return to those of primary chondrocytes. Using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of intact collagen chains and two-dimensional cyanogen bromide peptide mapping, we demonstrated a complete return to the differentiated collagen phenotype. These results emphasize the primary role of cell shape in the modulation of the chondrocyte phenotype and demonstrate a reversible system for the study of gene expression. PMID- 7127472 TI - Sex reversal in the mouse. PMID- 7127470 TI - Muscle differentiation in normal and cleavage-arrested mutant embryos of Caenorhabditis elegans. AB - The differentiation of body-wall muscle cells was studied in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Specific antibodies to myosin and paramyosin, major protein constituents of differentiated muscle, react with mesodermal cells in wild-type embryos towards the end of the first half of embryogenesis. Immunoreactive cells (2-16) first appear in embryos with 400-450 of the 550 cells present at hatching. Such embryos have developed at 25.5 degrees C for 4-4 1/2 hr beyond the two-cell stage. As development proceeds, a maximum of 81 immunoreactive cells forms four columns running anterior-posterior. Each column is composed of two lines of tightly opposed round cells, which then elongate into spindle-shaped cells. Mutant embryos in which cleavage arrests prematurely also generate cells that produce myosin and paramyosin. The initiation of muscle differentiation appears to be independent of the number of cell or nuclear divisions within a lineage or of the proliferation of other cells. These results suggest that the biosynthesis of muscle-specific proteins by nematode embryonic muscle cells is regulated by mechanisms intrinsic to these cells. PMID- 7127474 TI - Localization of specific DNA sequences in cell nuclei and human metaphase chromosomes by fluorescence microscopy. PMID- 7127473 TI - Cytochemical determination of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity in mouse oocytes with the use of a polyacrylamide carrier. PMID- 7127476 TI - Automated image analysis applied to electron micrographs. PMID- 7127477 TI - Membrane blebbing as a transient manifestation of lipid insertion during the cell cycle. PMID- 7127475 TI - Birbeck granules in interdigitating cells of thymus and lymph node. PMID- 7127478 TI - A comparison of protein synthesis between serum deprived and postmitotic human diploid fibroblasts. PMID- 7127479 TI - Number of transcribing RNA polymerase molecules and polyribonucleotide elongation rates in regenerating rat liver. Effect of cycloheximide treatment. PMID- 7127480 TI - "Unequal alterations of endogenous protein phosphorylation in cells prevented from DNA synthesis by hydroxyurea or cholera toxin". PMID- 7127481 TI - Mn2+-stimulated adhesion and spreading of Ehrlich ascites cells are separate processes. PMID- 7127482 TI - 10 kb DNA replication intermediates are formed from Okazaki-fragments in human malignant melanoma cells. PMID- 7127483 TI - Detection of sequestered calcium during mitosis in mammalian cell cultures and in mitotic apparatus isolated from sea urchin zygotes. PMID- 7127484 TI - Production and characterization of a monoclonal antitubulin antibody. PMID- 7127485 TI - The use of polystyrene microcarriers to improve the cell yield from a human epithelial pancreatic tumour cell line. PMID- 7127487 TI - Contraction of collagen gel by the dedifferentiated chondrocytes. PMID- 7127486 TI - Iron content of some tissue culture cells. PMID- 7127489 TI - Effects of lidocaine on the lysosomes of cultured skin fibroblasts. PMID- 7127488 TI - Influence of cell density and morphology on PEG-induced fusion of somatic mammalian cells in culture. PMID- 7127490 TI - Presence of macrotubules and their induction by colchicine in grasshopper spermatids. PMID- 7127491 TI - Distribution of intramembranous particles in the plasmalemma of Physarum polycephalum during sclerotization, spore-formation and spore-germination. PMID- 7127492 TI - Which phase of the contraction-relaxation cycle of cytoplasmic actomyosin in Physarum is modulated by blue light? PMID- 7127493 TI - Accumulation of histone H1(0) in fully differentiated myocardial cell nuclei. PMID- 7127494 TI - Vascular smooth muscle cell hypertrophy during maturation in rat thoracic aorta. Volumetric and morphometric studies. PMID- 7127495 TI - The cell surface in amoeboid locomotion--studies on the role of cell-substrate adhesion. PMID- 7127496 TI - [The effect of propylene glycol on the solubility and liberation of pentacaine chloride]. PMID- 7127497 TI - [Study of Coronilla varia L. III. Pharmacological evaluation of its effects on heart function]. PMID- 7127498 TI - [Hormonal contraception and some biochemical indicators with special attention to proteins]. PMID- 7127501 TI - [A new supplement to the obstetrical medical history and a graphic form for recording the results of routine examinations in risk pregnancy]. PMID- 7127499 TI - [Changes of the uterine wall after caesarian section revealed by hysterography]. PMID- 7127502 TI - [Ambulatory care centers]. PMID- 7127500 TI - [Glycosuria during pregnancy]. PMID- 7127503 TI - [Cryotherapy for benign cervical lesions at the women's department of the industrial clinic at the chemical factory in Litvinov]. PMID- 7127504 TI - [Is the implantation of the ovary into the uterus for the treatment of tubal sterility now obsolete?]. PMID- 7127505 TI - [The role of the gynecologist in complex preventive examinations in the Most district]. PMID- 7127507 TI - [Nosocomial infection in gynecology and obstetrics. Conference: Olomouc 4-5 June 1981. Abstracts]. PMID- 7127508 TI - [Levels of lysozyme, transferrin, ceruloplasmin and alpha 2PA glycoproteins in women with chronic adnexitis]. PMID- 7127509 TI - [The immunologic profile of infertile women]. PMID- 7127506 TI - [Home visiting services in women with gynecologic diseases]. PMID- 7127511 TI - [The level of education and the sex life of women]. PMID- 7127510 TI - [Biopsy of the endometrium during the reproductive cycle]. PMID- 7127512 TI - [Use of the computer in perinatal medicine (preliminary study)]. PMID- 7127513 TI - [Computer documentation of tubal sterility]. PMID- 7127514 TI - [Possibilities of influencing perinatal mortality in the Southern Moravian Region from the viewpoint of the pediatrician]. PMID- 7127515 TI - [Lasers in the therapy of cervical and vaginal lesions]. PMID- 7127516 TI - [Recognition theory: the origin and development of gnosological problems]. PMID- 7127517 TI - [Cell aging in cultures as a model for cell aging in an organism]. PMID- 7127519 TI - [A hand-held balloon dynamometer for isometric loading tests]. PMID- 7127518 TI - [Use of nonequilibrium thermodynamics in the study of biochemical and physiological regulation]. PMID- 7127520 TI - [A simple thermoregulating unit]. PMID- 7127521 TI - [A new method of treating ambylopia]. PMID- 7127522 TI - [Treatment of retinal detachments with unfavourable prognosis]. PMID- 7127524 TI - [Limits of retinal detachment surgery]. PMID- 7127525 TI - [Prophylaxis of retinal detachments after perforating ocular injuries]. PMID- 7127527 TI - [Disorders of binocular vision after retinal detachment surgery]. PMID- 7127526 TI - [Diplopia after retinal detachment surgery according to Schepens]. PMID- 7127523 TI - [Changes of visual acuity after surgical reattachment of retinal detachment]. PMID- 7127529 TI - [Biological material for retinal detachment surgery]. PMID- 7127528 TI - [Experiences with tissue grafts used for retinal detachment surgery]. PMID- 7127530 TI - [Fluoroangiographic findings in the pseudo-exfoliation syndrome]. PMID- 7127532 TI - [Prognosis of cerebral pseudotumors]. PMID- 7127531 TI - [Interlamellar implantation of gel collagen]. PMID- 7127535 TI - [Cultivation of lymphocytes in tissue cultures]. AB - The growth of lymphocyte colonies in a semisolid medium represents a proper studying model for lymphocytic proliferation and differentiation induced by an environmental signal. Human lymphocytes cultivation in agar enabled a continuous monitoring and quantitative expression of the ability of some lymphocytes to produce colonies (clonal expansion); it is not always proportionately bound to 3H thymidine uptake of the whole lymphocytic culture in a liquid medium. A preliminary evaluation showed the production of lymphocytic colonies in a semisolid medium as one of the cellular immunity markers. The results of the cultivation were compared with long-term liquid medium tissue cultures of four B lines derived from a Burkitt malignant lymphoma and two T lines from an acute T leukaemia: Cells of B lines retained the morphological features of the original tumour, T lines cells produced more varied nuclear and cellular shapes, and the PAS-positive glycogen globules were often found in their cytoplasm. There were ultrastructural differences especially obvious in the early growth of the different passages. PMID- 7127534 TI - [Computerized tomography -- principles and advantages for diagnosis of orbital diseases]. PMID- 7127536 TI - [The ultrastructural picture of cells of B lymphocyte hybridomas]. AB - The ultrastructure of the cells of six B lymphocyte hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies does not, in principle, differ from the mouse myeloma cells. Their cytoplasm contains mostly membrane bound polyribosomes, Golgi apparatus and numerous membrane structures. The dominant finding, however, was the presence of a great number of A particles which occur almost exclusively in the cisterns of the endoplasmatic reticulum. A few particles were found in the mouse thymoma. C-virus particles were detected to a lesser extent in hybridoma and myeloma cells. The finding of the C-type particles in the hybridomas that produce monoclonal antibodies is very important; monoclonal antibodies of the mouse origin have recently become a powerful tool not only in the diagnosis, but also in the therapy of human diseases. PMID- 7127533 TI - [Burns occurring during manufacture of Thiospasmin]. PMID- 7127537 TI - [Changes due to experimental irritation of the omental mesothelium in rats]. PMID- 7127540 TI - [Elastofibroma dorsi]. AB - Elastofibroma dorsi--a rare pseudotumor arising in the subscapular region in elderly people--was found twice in the biopsy specimen from women 51 and 65 years of age respectively. Another two bulky elastofibromas were displayed bilaterally in the subscapular region in a woman 85 years of age in the course of systematic examination of subscapular regions in a series of 120 autopsies. Microscopic changes similar to elastofibroma were found in 9,8 per cent in females and 6,7 per cent in males, all at least 57 years old. Bilateral changes were found 4 times. Analogous study in Finland noted much higher incidence of those so called subclinical elastofibromas (24,4 per cent in females, 11,2 per cent in males). The possible causes of differences between finnish and presented study as well as light and electron microscopic findings in elastofibroma are discussed. PMID- 7127538 TI - [Mesothelial reaction to irritation]. AB - Autopsy cases of fibrinous pericarditis were studied in different stages of granulation tissue organization. Flat mesothelium grew higher and hyperplastic, lining the holes in fibrin network and desquamating at the same time. Single rounded mesothelial cells shed into free space and acquired an atypical appearance of big monocytoid cells with nuclear hyperchromasia and sometimes with nucleoli. As the organization developed further, the mesothelial cells produced gland-like structures enveloped in edematous granulation tissue pervaded with inflammatory cells. Mesothelial lesions due to chronic inflammatory irritation were also evidenced by cases of chronic adnexitis. The mesothelial cells showed an ability to simulate invasive growth in abundant fibrous stroma as gland-like, papillary and pseudoinfiltrative structures lined with cuboid, columnar, stratified, mucogenic and metaplastic squamous epithelium. Proliferating mesothelial cells might suggest tumourous character; in some cases they could not be distinguished from mesothelioma or from secondaries of adenocarcinoma. PMID- 7127539 TI - [Mesothelial hyperplasia in biopsies of the parietal pleura]. PMID- 7127541 TI - [Generalized liposarcoma of the mixed type]. PMID- 7127542 TI - [Findings in the liver tissue of rats after long-term administration of high doses of Biogest]. PMID- 7127543 TI - [Morphological correlates of anti-tumor immunity. I. Reactions to dinitrochlorobenzene and tissue of autologous tumors]. PMID- 7127545 TI - [Affecting the levels of ethanol by administering gasoline with ethanol]. AB - Administering of benzene alone into rat stomach through a tube does not increase the amount of reducing compounds in blood above the physiological level and does not influence the Widmark test in spite of the fact that benzene in blood in vitro produces reducing compounds. The administration of benzene alone to rats is not sufficient for any conspicuous reducing compounds in blood above the level corresponding to the administration of ethanol alone. This elevation is due to the increased ethanol serum level according to the result of gas chromatography. Benzene components may influence ethanol resorption, metabolism and elimination. The administration of benzene alone to rats is not sufficient for any conspicuous blood level of reducing compounds. Findings in rats represent a first stage information which may be important for forensic medical expertise. PMID- 7127544 TI - [Heart antibodies in sudden death]. AB - Anti-heart antibodies detected by indirect immunofluorescence were found in the blood of persons deceased suddenly of heart failure more often (36,7%) than in those who died of other causes (16,6%). Antibodies were found the most frequently in rheumatic heart failure (50%), in other heart diseases (50%), and in ischemic heart disease (35,5%). In ischemic heart disease there was a high level of antibodies in patients with chronic heart aneurysm (66,6%) as compared with low level in those with acute infarction (16,6%). Obviously, antiheart antibodies often accompany a heart disease without being closely related to the heart failure. A negative result of serological examination does not exclude a heart disease. PMID- 7127547 TI - [Nystagmus induced by drugs and poisons]. PMID- 7127546 TI - [Regional microcirculation of the skin and muscles in healthy and paretic extremities before and after the development of cerebral infarct]. PMID- 7127548 TI - [Immunoglobulins in the cerebrospinal fluid in children with epilepsy]. PMID- 7127549 TI - [Electronic correlations in Reye's syndrome]. PMID- 7127550 TI - [Studies on hypersomnia I. Neurological and psychological findings]. PMID- 7127551 TI - [Neurological findings in workers at risk from organic solvents]. PMID- 7127552 TI - [The EEG as a preventive examination in a group of workers exposed to organic solvents]. PMID- 7127553 TI - [Study of the early phases in nervous system disorders in workers in the chemical industry and glass cutters]. PMID- 7127554 TI - [Catheterization of the subclavian vein in an intensive care unit of a neurological clinic]. PMID- 7127555 TI - [Genealogical study of childhood schizophrenia]. PMID- 7127556 TI - [Diagnosis of abuse of addictive drugs in alcoholism and drug addiction outpatient care facilities]. PMID- 7127558 TI - [Use of biological feedback in child psychiatry practice]. PMID- 7127557 TI - [Changes in enzymes of anaerobic glycolysis and the pentose cycle in young drug addicts]. PMID- 7127561 TI - [Sociosexual adaptation of young sexual delinquents]. PMID- 7127560 TI - [Suicide of alcoholics after institutional anti-alcoholism therapy]. PMID- 7127559 TI - [Hysteria - a pejorative term or diagnosis? Theoretical and clinical aspects]. PMID- 7127563 TI - [Follow-up of patients after heart surgery]. PMID- 7127564 TI - [Graduated sleep deprivation as an activating method in electroencephalography in children and adolescents]. PMID- 7127562 TI - [Analysis of deaths of patients with the diagnosis of delirium tremens in the psychiatric hospital in Opava in 1979]. PMID- 7127565 TI - [Type I pseudohypoparathyroidism in 2 brothers]. PMID- 7127566 TI - [A method for assessing dental age and its application in practice]. PMID- 7127568 TI - [Conservative treatment of chronic renal insufficiency in children]. PMID- 7127570 TI - [Campylobacter enteritis in man. Clarification of taxonomic, biological and epidemiologic characteristics]. PMID- 7127567 TI - [Neoplasm morbidity and mortality in children in the Slovakian Socialist Republic (1945-78)]. PMID- 7127569 TI - [Substitution therapy of congenital hypothyroidism]. PMID- 7127571 TI - [Children from test tubes - what next?]. PMID- 7127572 TI - [Use of ultrasound in the examination of cerebral ventricles in newborn infants]. PMID- 7127574 TI - [The relation of Enterobius vermicularis to inflammation of the urogenital tract in girls]. PMID- 7127573 TI - [Isolated early menarche without other signs of precocious puberty]. PMID- 7127575 TI - [2 families with various types of incomplete trisomies of chromosome 9]. PMID- 7127576 TI - [Changes in the skull in surviving patients with myelomeningocele]. PMID- 7127578 TI - [Bronchoscopy findings in protracted cough]. PMID- 7127579 TI - [Infections of the urinary tract and phosphate urolithiasis in childhood]. PMID- 7127577 TI - [Hemoperfusion through activated charcoal in Reye's syndrome]. PMID- 7127581 TI - [Changes in problems of adoptions in the past 15 years]. PMID- 7127580 TI - [Utilization of transfusion preparations in pediatric medicine from 1979 to 1981]. PMID- 7127582 TI - [The role of postgraduate education in social medicine and the organization of health]. PMID- 7127583 TI - [The scientific and technical revolution and problems of health and health care]. PMID- 7127587 TI - [Lipid metabolism in relation to physical fitness in recruits]. PMID- 7127585 TI - [Use of cybernetics in the health care system in Slovakia]. PMID- 7127586 TI - [Scientific research by students as the object of social medicine]. PMID- 7127588 TI - [Active teaching methods at medical faculties and in the postgraduate education of leading health workers in the field of management]. PMID- 7127584 TI - [Social aspects of the physician-patient relationship]. PMID- 7127589 TI - [Oil cisternography of the internal auditory meatus]. PMID- 7127590 TI - [Dyspondylia. Contribution to the problem of Scheuermann's disease]. PMID- 7127591 TI - [Affection of the cervical spine in rheumatoid arthritis. Conclusions of radioclinical research]. PMID- 7127592 TI - [Dysgenesis of the caudal spine and sacrococcygeal agenesis]. PMID- 7127593 TI - [Ostitis condensans claviculae. Contribution to differential diagnostics of sclerotic lesions in the clavicle]. PMID- 7127594 TI - [Non-inflammatory osteosclerotic processes of the temporal bones]. PMID- 7127595 TI - [Apparatus for examination of the colon by double contrast]. PMID- 7127597 TI - Studies on chemical carcinogens. XXIII. A simple method for characterization of the alkylating ability of compounds by using 4-(p-nitrobenzyl)-pyridine. PMID- 7127596 TI - Synthesis and bronchodilating activity of 2,9-disubstituted adenine derivatives BB-1502 (9-cyclohexyl-2-n-propoxy-9H-adenine) and its analogs. PMID- 7127598 TI - A sensitive gas chromatographic assay for cystathionase and cystathionine: application of this assay to biological samples and kinetic studies. Gas chromatographic assay for cystathionase and cystathionine. PMID- 7127599 TI - Differential determination of the heat-stable alkaline phosphatase activity in serum. PMID- 7127600 TI - Radioimmunoassay of 11-deoxycortisol. Specificity of antisera raised against 11 deoxycortisol-[C-4]-bovine serum albumin conjugates. PMID- 7127601 TI - Antitumor activity of P-MSV, a protein from bovine parotid glands, and some observations relating to the activity. PMID- 7127602 TI - Studies on ergothioneine. VIII. Preventive effects of ergothioneine on cadmium induced teratogenesis. PMID- 7127603 TI - Kinetics of the organic hydroperoxide-supported oxidation of aminopyrine catalyzed by catalase. PMID- 7127606 TI - Studies on the absorption, distribution, excretion and metabolism of ginseng saponins. I. Quantitative analysis of ginsenoside Rg1 in rats. PMID- 7127609 TI - Effect of Streptoverticillium cinnamoneum cell wall on Staphylococcus aureus infection in mice. PMID- 7127604 TI - Effect of simultaneous administration of drugs on absorption and excretion. XIII. Effect of salicylic acid on the absorption, distribution and elimination of carbutamide in rabbits. PMID- 7127608 TI - Determination of corticoids using pyrrole. IV. Fluorometric determination of cortisol in serum. PMID- 7127605 TI - Mechanical properties, dissolution behavior and stability to oxidation of L ascorbylmonostearate microcapsules prepared by a spray-drying polycondensation technique. PMID- 7127607 TI - Calculated stress and strain conditions of lubricated potassium chloride powders during die-compression. PMID- 7127610 TI - Oral administration of liposomally-entrapped heparin to beagle dogs. PMID- 7127611 TI - A direct injection method of plasma samples onto a reverse phase column for the determination of drugs. PMID- 7127612 TI - An assessment of gastrointestinal mucosal damage in vivo: enhancement of urinary recovery after oral administration of phenolsulfonphthalein in ulcer rats. PMID- 7127613 TI - Halo lipids. V. Synthesis, nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and cytostatic properties of halo analogues of alkyllysophospholipids. PMID- 7127614 TI - Morphology of gel state phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine liposomes: a negative stain electron microscopic study. AB - The capture volumes (internal aqueous spaces) of liposomes prepared from a series of saturated phosphatidylcholines (PC) and saturated phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) had previously been found to be a function of lipid structure. PE vesicles have larger internal aqueous spaces than PC vesicles and for lipids with the same head group, capture volume increases with lengthening of the fatty acyl chains. Capture volume is determined by vesicle size, number of lamellae, and interlamellar distance. In this study, liposomes were found from a saturated PC or PE and their morphology studied In the gel state using the technique of negative staining transmission electron microscopy. The measured interlamellar distances were quite similar among these various lipids while the number of lamellae was found to decrease as the fatty acyl chain length increased. In general PEs form fewer lamellae than PCs and in particular mono- and di methylated dipalmitoyl-PE form only unilamellar vesicles. The number of lamellae then appears to bear a relationship to the size of the capture volume in that liposomes with larger capture volumes have fewer lamellae. PMID- 7127615 TI - [Value of the use of surgical endoscopy in chest surgery in children]. AB - The authors emphasize the various possibilities of exploration of chest with the mediastinoscope, in a 11 patients series, aiming and reducing surgical parietal approach in infancy, while preserving the feasibility of the procedure. In the thoracic level: beyond the mediastinal approach by the transcervical pathway (mediastinoscopy), the principal application is the pleural cavity access (pleuroscopy) which was performed in seven 3 to 12 years old children. Pleuroscopy was realised through a small intercostal access permitting biopsy with a good visibility (pulmonary biopsy: 4 cases; lateral mediastinal tumor: 2 cases). A cloisonned pyopneumothorax drainage was performed once easily managed. Mediastinoscopy was used likewise in 3 cases of transcervical thymectomy (myasthenia gravis or thymic hyperplasia), permitting effective visual field to control quality of exeresis. This "surgical endoscopy" procedure offers so food indications in Pediatric Surgery, more especially as not any complication was observed. PMID- 7127616 TI - [Prosthetic filling of the remaining cavity after pneumonectomy in children]. PMID- 7127617 TI - [Congenital isolated H-type ano-vestibular fistula. Apropos of 3 cases]. PMID- 7127618 TI - [Hepatic regeneration after major hepatectomy in children]. AB - Liver regeneration pattern and metabolic changes after major hepatectomy were studied comparatively in children and in adults and the results were obtained as follows: --The liver regeneration in children was more rapid than that in adults. The residual liver volume after major hepatectomy was restored to preoperative volume at 8 weeks after operation. --The shape of regenerated liver showed spheric. This feature was more significant up to the extent of the youth. --Serum protein was continued in low levels after operation and was never restored to preoperative value. --Serum transaminase level was increased more slightly in children and was normalized more rapidly. --Serum alkaline-phosphatase was increased gradually after operation. PMID- 7127619 TI - [Femoral neck retroversions]. AB - Ten cases of femoral neck retroversions are reported in order to eliminate functional retroversions more frequent. True retroversions were confirmed by X rays or by body scan which gives the exact degree of the retroversion. The authors emphasize the late onset, over eight, the first sign is lateral rotation of the gait and often a genu valgum. The imbalance between lateral and medial rotation is very important, the latter being very restricted. These retroversions are divided unanatomical forms which are mild and geometrical forms which are severe. These ones require surgical treatment which is derotation osteotomy of the femur. PMID- 7127620 TI - [Omphalosite monster (acardius acephalus). Apropos of a case]. AB - The omphalosite monster is acardiac (deprived of heart) and his survival is only possible through intrauterine life because of the umbilical vascular connections with his healthy monochorionic twin brother who takes in charge the circulation of both. We report one typical case of the acephalic variety in which all structures derived from the fetal cephalic fold were absent. Its only eventual clinical interest is limited to the prenatal radiological diagnosis and the neonatal onset of congestive heart failure in the healthy twin, a fact which must be known in order to establish an early treatment. On this occasion, we briefly review the current knowledge about this very rare form of monstrosity. PMID- 7127623 TI - [Angiofluorographic and echographic study of presumed retinal astrocytic hamartoma associated with retinitis pigmentosa]. PMID- 7127625 TI - [Choroidal folds and hypermetropia]. PMID- 7127622 TI - [Perirenal hematoma, adrenal hemorrhage and multiple splenic ruptures in a newborn infant. Therapeutic problems: renal risk. Saving the spleen]. AB - A case of rightsided adrenal hemorrhage and multiple splenic ruptures by birth trauma in a newborn is described. The right kidney was impaired by compression of a voluminous retroperitoneal hematoma. In spite of persistent blood supply the kidney is hypoplastic and remains with secretory function two months after operation. The authors recommend surgery in all cases of voluminous retroperitoneal hematoma with an impaired kidney. The spleen was preserved by plugging with styptic sponges. Importance of abdominal drainage for control of splenic bleeding and blood replacement in the postoperative course is stressed. PMID- 7127627 TI - [Continuous wear of hydrophilic contact lenses in aphakia. First results]. PMID- 7127624 TI - [Incidence of various angiographic symptoms of diabetic retinopathy]. PMID- 7127626 TI - [Implants and the iris : an angiographic study]. PMID- 7127621 TI - [Bilateral hamartoma of the chest wall]. AB - Because its extreme rarity, a case of a bilateral chest wall hamartoma is reported in an 7 months infant presenting a moderate thoracic deformation. Roentgenogram reveals a segmentary costal destruction and an adjacent intrathoracic mass. A right thoracotomy is realized and the tumor is removed without difficulties. Diagnosis of a vasculo-cartilaginous hamartoma (other term used: mesenchymoma) is confirmed after the resection of the right lesion, whereas the left one is spontaneously reducing within 7 months. After analysis of 20 previously reported identical cases, we think that diagnosis may be done on clinico-radiological grounds; surgical decision has to take into account the constant benignity, the possible spontaneous regression and the orthopedic sequelae due to an extensive resection. PMID- 7127628 TI - [Symptomatology of lateroversion in esotropia]. PMID- 7127631 TI - [The position on injuries of the eyeball in 1981]. PMID- 7127629 TI - [A new adhesions syndrome : the inferior oblique insertion syndrome]. PMID- 7127630 TI - [A new technic of continuous perfusion of the anterior chamber]. PMID- 7127632 TI - [Etiology of orbital tumors in children in eastern Algeria]. PMID- 7127633 TI - [A case of neurinoma of the orbit]. PMID- 7127634 TI - [Contribution of scintigraphy to the postoperative control of dacryocystorhinostomy]. PMID- 7127635 TI - [Lacrimal canalicular actinomycosis. Diagnostic and therapeutic problems]. PMID- 7127638 TI - [Therapeutic management of chronic glaucoma at the terminal stage]. PMID- 7127637 TI - [Contraindications of the combined operation for glaucoma and cataract]. PMID- 7127636 TI - [Role of conjunctiva biopsy in the early diagnosis of dry eye]. PMID- 7127639 TI - [A case of a ciliary body wound]. PMID- 7127640 TI - [Maculopathy of papillary pits and colobomas]. PMID- 7127641 TI - [Acute juxtapapillary optic neuropathy and Horton's disease]. PMID- 7127643 TI - [Nasal sectors]. PMID- 7127645 TI - [Surgical technic. Operation for pterygium. Homograft using a pedicled flap]. PMID- 7127642 TI - [Obstacle to the identification of Chlamydia diseases]. PMID- 7127644 TI - [Rare complications of the prolonged wear of sclerocorneal lenses]. PMID- 7127646 TI - [Treatment of recurrent ocular toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 7127647 TI - [Etiologic diagnosis of uveitis]. PMID- 7127648 TI - Anaerobic performance characteristics of elite Canadian 800 meter runners. AB - Physiological and biochemical profiles of six elite Canadian 800 meter runners are presented. Anthropometric data was recorded. Aerobic capacity was assessed on a treadmill run to fatigue; the initial treadmill velocity was 2.22 m X s-1 increasing by 0.22 m X s-1 each minute. VO2max was determined by the mean of the four highest consecutive 15 second values. The Anaerobic Speed Test (AST) (20 degrees incline, 3.52 m X s-1 to fatigue) was used to assess anaerobic performance characteristics. Two minute post-AST blood samples were analyzed for lactate. Needle biopsies were obtained at rest from the vastus lateralis muscle. The muscle fibers were classified and a homogenate of the muscle was used in the determination of buffering capacity. These are young athletes with a low percentage body fat. The mean VO2max was 63.6 +/- 2.9 ml X kg-1 X min-1. The anaerobic capacity is striking with the mean AST time of 114.3 +/- 16.3 seconds and post-AST lactate values of 22.0 +/- 1.4 mmol X l-1. The skeletal muscle buffering capacity was elevated above normal by 50% indicating an enhanced capability of resisting changes in intracellular pH which may affect performance. PMID- 7127650 TI - Elbow injuries in athletes. AB - Throwing and racquet sports produce large stresses at the elbow joint consisting of tension on the medial or ulnar side, and compression on the lateral or radial side. Medial tension can lead to tears of the common flexor origin or medial collateral ligament, ulnar nerve subluxation, or pronator teres syndrome. Bony lesions include fragmentation and partial avulsion of the medial humeral epicondyle (little league elbow) or even complete avulsion of the epicondyle. The possible sequelae of excessive lateral compression include osteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum, osteochondral fractures of the capitellum and radius, and loose bodies. Early and accurate diagnosis is essential to initiate proper treatment. PMID- 7127649 TI - Intermittent claudication in an athlete--popliteal artery entrapment: a case report. AB - This case study reports a 26 year old female athlete who presented with a history of cramp-like right calf pain. She was limited to a walking distance of only three blocks. She had been referred to the Sports Medicine Clinic with a diagnosis of "shin splints". On examination of the pedal pulses it was found that the right posterior tibial pulse was absent. A diagnosis of popliteal artery entrapment was made which was confirmed by Doppler studies following treadmill walking and femoral arteriograms. Surgery was performed which included resection of the entrapped artery by the plantaris tendon and endarterectomy, plus patch graft angioplasty. The artery had been completely occluded. The patient resumed full activity pain free. This case report emphasizes that all leg pains in athletes are not variants of "shin splints". Popliteal artery entrapment is an uncommon condition that requires early detection. A detailed history and thorough examination of the peripheral pulses is essential to prevent long term sequelae of arterial deficiency. PMID- 7127651 TI - Physiological characteristics of elite middle and long distance runners. AB - The purpose of this study was to compare the physiological responses of highly trained middle (MD) and long distance (LD) runners during treadmill running. The oxygen uptake (VO2) of 74 elite runners (42 MD and 32 LD) was measured during treadmill running at several speeds (201, 241, 282, and 322 m/min at 0% grade) and at maximal effort. The mean VO2max (ml/kg X min) of the LD runners (76.9) was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than the value for the MD group (68.9). At each running speed, the relative oxygen costs (%VO2) was lower (p less than 0.01) for the LD group averaging 8% less across the four running speeds. The slopes of the relationship between submaximal VO2 (ml/kg X min) and running speed of 0.183 and 0.216 for the MD and LD groups, respectively, were not significantly different. The relationship between running performance, maximal treadmill running time (TRT), and VO2 was studied for each group. VO2max was more highly correlated with running performance in the MD group (r = 0.70) than in the LD group (r = 0.32) although the standard errors of estimate were similar for both groups. Results of this investigation demonstrate that there are differences in the metabolic characteristics of the MD and LD runners as classified in this study. PMID- 7127652 TI - Menstrual cycle changes with marathon training: anovulation and short luteal phase. AB - Fourteen normal women (self-selected from 180 women enrolled) in a marathon training clinic kept basal body temperature (BBT), mileage, and weight records for 48 cycles before the marathon. Entry criteria were: Age 20-45, gynecologic age greater than 5 years, no hormone use, or weight change in 3 months. The women were 35.2 +/- 5.6 years in age, 22.6 +/- 5.1 years gynecologic age, runners of 4.1 +/- 2.5 years with premenstrual symptoms, previous pregnancy 4/14, no infertility and 2/14 remote amenorrhea. BBT records were obtained and analyzed by Vollman's criteria (1977). There was no weight loss. 32/48 cycles were biphasic but only 16 were normal in the length of the premenstrual phase (PreM = luteal, nl 10 - 16 d) with a mean of 11.1 +/- 1.2 days. The other 16 biphasic cycles had short PreM phase of 6.4 +/- 1.8 days. Monophasic (M = anovulatory) cycles occurred in 16/48 records. Cycles which were abnormal (Short PreM and M) differed only in that usual run length was longer (9.6 - 9.9 miles) than in normal cycles (7.9 +/- 2.4 miles). Marathon training may be associated with normal length but M and short PreM type cycles. PMID- 7127653 TI - Anthropometric and physical performance characteristics of male volleyball players. AB - Fourteen Finnish and ten Russian elite male volleyball players were studied for their anthropometric dimensions, maximal isometric trunk extension and flexion, leg extension strength and vertical jumping height. In addition, the height of rise of the body centre of gravity h (C.G.), and the height of the hand and ball were analyzed from a video tape in spike and block jumps taken during actual competition. The two teams were found to differ significantly in the h (C.G.) during a vertical jumping test where a preliminary counter movement was allowed and in the lengths of lower limbs and legs; the Russian volleyball players jumped higher and had longer lower extremities. In actual competition, the hands of the Russian players while performing a spike were on the average ten centimeters higher (p less than .01) than the hand of the Finnish players. No significant differences were found, however, between the teams in the h (C.G.) during spiking. This finding seems to suggest that the Russians have better spike technique. PMID- 7127655 TI - The response of serum lipids and lipoproteins to high intensity endurance training. AB - The response of serum lipids and lipoproteins to high intensity endurance training was studied in 12 males. Nine additional subjects were assigned to a control group. The mean age of participants was 25.0 years. Members of the exercise group trained on a bicycle ergometer at a power output equivalent to 80% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), 4 times per week for 30 minutes, for 9 weeks. Nine weeks of detraining followed. Fasting blood samples and maximum bicycle tests were administered prior to the program, and at 3 week intervals, for determination of serum triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, (VLDL + LDL) cholesterol, the ratio of HDL-cholesterol to total cholesterol, and VO2max. Per cent body fat, caloric intake, and the composition of the diet were also assessed during the training and detraining periods. Analysis of variance revealed no significant difference between or within groups for the lipid variables, per cent body fat, or diet parameters. A significant group X time interaction occurred in VO2max (p less than 0.05) indicating a cardiovascular training effect. These data suggest that 9 weeks of high intensity endurance training may not alter lipid or lipoprotein metabolism. PMID- 7127654 TI - Step test predictions of maximum oxygen uptake before and after an employee fitness programme. AB - The Canadian Home Fitness Test has been administered to two large office populations on three occasions over a 9 month period. At the control company (87M, 89F), there was some improvement of test scores from the initial to the final visit (decrease of heart rate in 6th minute of exercise 5.7 beats X min-1 in men, 9.5 beats X min-1 in women); this may reflect habituation to the test procedure. At the experimental company (180M, 258F), employees were given the opportunity of participation in an Employee Fitness Programme. High adherents to this programme (61M, 97F) showed a substantial decrease of 6 min exercise heart rate (12.8, 16.0 beats X min-1) with an increase of CHFT duration (2.59, 2.33 min) and VO2max (Jette prediction, 3.8, 2.9 ml X kg-1 min-1). These changes were much larger than in either the control group, or in "non-participants" (54M, 46F) and "drop-outs" (19M, 48F) in the experimental company. Low adherents to the fitness programme (46M, 67F) occupied an intermediate position. Given accurate pulse counting, about a sixth of the high adherents would have detected no change of CHFT score if a single test was carried out after completing 6 months in the fitness programme; however, in some of these subjects there may indeed have been no training response. Because it gives a low weighting to exercise heart rate, the Jette equation indicates a smaller effect of training than the Astrand nomogram. PMID- 7127656 TI - A kinematic analysis of an upper extremity ballistic skill: the windmill pitch. AB - The purposes of this study were (1) to determine the relative motions of the upper limb segments during the execution of the softball windmill pitch (2) to attempt to determine the effect of these motions on the performance of the skill. High speed motion picture film was used to calculate the kinematic parameters of the pitching arm segments during the pitch. Four highly-skilled pitchers were used as subjects. Each performed at least ten trials of the pitch, which were recorded by two motion picture cameras. The two trials with the fastest ball velocity for each of the four subjects were analyzed from a sagittal aspect only. The resulting kinematic analysis indicated that there was a definite proximal-to distal sequence of these motions, with decelerations occurring in the proximal segments prior to release of the ball. It was concluded that one of the critical factors in highly-skilled performance of ballistic skills is the ability to decelerate such segments, which likely require very strong eccentric contractions of antagonistic muscle groups. PMID- 7127657 TI - Anterior cruciate dilemma. PMID- 7127658 TI - Androgen priming and cytotoxic chemotherapy in advanced prostatic cancer. AB - Hormone manipulation has been standard therapy for metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate for many years. Recently cytotoxic drugs have been studied, but their effectiveness has been limited, indicating the need for new therapeutic approaches. Based upon the hypothesis that cytotoxic drugs are most effective against actively proliferating cells, we have designed a clinical pilot study employing cyclical androgen priming to transiently stimulate tumor cells followed by cytotoxic chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide and methotrexate. There were nine responders (43%) out of 21 patients entered in the study, with a median duration of response that has not been reached at 9+ months. Survival was significantly better in responders than in non-responding patients. These results are similar to those of other studies in which chemotherapy was used alone. Chemotherapy toxicity with this schedule was mild. However, the androgen priming frequently resulted in increased bone pain, and there was one episode of spinal cord compression, suggesting that tumor stimulation was achieved. These results demonstrate the need for additional basic studies of the effects of testosterone on tumor cell kinetics before further clinical trials of this approach are initiated. PMID- 7127660 TI - Adjuvant oral razoxane (ICRF-159) in resectable colorectal cancer. AB - One hundred and seventy six patients (81 controls, 95 receiving treatment) have entered a prospective randomized trial of long-term oral adjuvant razoxane (ICRF 159) following removal of a colorectal cancer. The median follow-up is 34 months. The treated patients in Dukes' groups B and C have a significantly longer disease free interval than the control patients (P = 0.01 'as randomized' and P = 0.004 'as treated'). The differences in survival for Dukes' groups B and C are not significant, although follow-up is short. In Dukes' groups B and C, however, 24 of 56 of the patients in the control group have died (43%), as against only 17 of 64 in the treatment group (27%). The treatment produces very few side-effects, is well tolerated by patients, and is taken orally. PMID- 7127659 TI - Tissue distribution and macromolecular interactions of 14[C-ring] melphalan in the rat. AB - The kinetics of uptake and elimination, covalent binding, and macromolecular interactions of 14[C-ring] melphalan was studied after a single oral dose (20 mg/kg, 0.1 mCi/kg) in normal rats. Peak radioactivity level in tissues was observed at 2-4 h after administration. Uptake of label in most tissues was rapid, with a t1/2 of less than 1 h. Elimination was biphasic. Tissues of the gastrointestinal tract showed the most rapid rates of elimination, with t1/2 beta of 13, 24, 18, and 19 h for stomach, duodenum, and small and large intestines, respectively. Bone marrow also showed a fast rate of elimination of radioactivity, with a t1/2 beta of 30 h. Tissues with the slowest rates of elimination were skin, eye, spleen, pancreas, and lung, with t1/2 beta of 333, 241, 149, 122, and 109 h, respectively. Covalent binding studies showed that melphalan, or its metabolites, bound irreversibly to all tissue macromolecular fractions. The percentage of covalently bound radioactivity increased with time in all tissues except kidney and eye, reaching up to 70%-80% of the total radioactivity remaining at 72 h. Elimination of covalently bound radioactivity was slower in the DNA fractions of the tissues of the gastrointestinal tract and heart compared with the elimination rate from lipid, protein, or RNA fractions. Slow elimination rates of 14[C-ring] melphalan equivalents from the protein fraction were observed in the skin, eye, and brain. Accumulation, rather than elimination, of radioactivity in this fraction was most prominent in the pancreas. In the bone marrow accumulation of radioactivity was observed in the lipid fraction. PMID- 7127663 TI - Absence of antitumor activity of ORG 5895, a 11 beta-aziridinylmethyl derivative of estradiol, on the MXT mammary tumor and the P388 leukemia. PMID- 7127661 TI - A phase I trial of combination therapy with continuous-infusion PALA and continuous-infusion 5-FU. AB - Thirty-four patients were treated with N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate (PALA) at a dose of 850 mg/m2/day x 5 by continuous intravenous infusion (days 1-5) and 5 fluorouracil (5-FU) on an escalating dose schedule of 300-630 mg/m2/day x 5 by continuous intravenous infusion (days 2-6). Dose-limiting oral mucositis occurred at a 5-FU dose of 560 mg/m2/day; other toxicities included nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, skin rash, and superficial venous phlebitis. Myelosuppression was rare. One partial response was observed in a patient with metastatic colorectal carcinoma. Plasma PALA levels were monitored in seven patients. Steady-state levels were achieved by the 2nd day of drug infusion and ranged between 10 and 20 micrograms/ml. PMID- 7127662 TI - Metabolism of high doses of cyclophosphamide. AB - The excretion of cyclophosphamide and the enzymatically derived metabolites 4 ketocyclophosphamide and carboxyphosphamide has been measured in four patients after the administration of cyclophosphamide (5 g). At this dose the enzymes responsible for the biotransformation and detoxification of cyclophosphamide are not saturated. In two patients the metabolite profile was unaffected by a previous high dose of cyclophosphamide and in one patient a small primary dose did not alter metabolism. PMID- 7127664 TI - Anaphylactoid reaction due to AZQ. PMID- 7127665 TI - Daunorubicin-DNA complex in acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia. PMID- 7127666 TI - Identification of the mutagenic metabolites of fluoranthene, 2 methylfluoranthene, and 3-methylfluoranthene. AB - The metabolites of fluoranthene, 2-methylfluoranthene, and 3-methylfluoranthene obtained upon incubation with liver homogenate from Aroclor pretreated rats were assayed for mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA100. The mutagenic metabolites of fluoranthene and 2-methylfluoranthene were identified as 2,3 dihydro-2,3-dihydroxyfluoranthene and 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dihydroxy-2 methylfluoranthene, respectively. In contrast to these results, the major proximate mutagen detected among the in vitro metabolites of 3-methylfluoranthene was 3-hydroxymethylfluoranthene. Comparison of the mutagenic potential of 2 hydroxymethylfluoranthene demonstrated that the latter was a more powerful mutagen. Quantitative analyses of the metabolites of fluoranthene with that of 3 hydroxymethylfluoranthene demonstrated that the latter was a more powerful mutagen. Quantitative analyses of the metabolites of fluoranthene, 2 methylfluoranthene, and 3-methylfluoranthene indicated that similar amounts of dihydrodiols were formed. 4,5-Dihydro-4,5-dihydoxy-3-methylfluoranthene, however, was not found to be a potent mutagenic metabolite. These data suggest that the activation pathway to ultimate mutagens may differ for 2- and 3 methylfluoranthene. PMID- 7127667 TI - Changes in DNA content of rat tracheal epithelial cells during neoplastic progression in vitro. AB - Flow cytometric DNA analysis was used to compare nuclear DNA content of carcinogen-induced F-344 rat tracheal epithelial cell lines as they progressed from non-tumorigenic (preneoplastic) to tumorigenic (neoplastic) populations in vitro. Normal tracheal cell populations were used as diploid reference cells. All of the tracheal epithelial cell lines established from carcinogen-treated tracheas showed increases in nuclear DNA content as compared to normal cell populations. For five cell lines, measurements were made during the preneoplastic state as well as after conversion to the neoplastic state. Four of the five cell lines showed a major shift in DNA content as the culture progressed from preneoplastic to neoplastic populations. However, there was no consistent change in DNA content as cultures progressed to neoplastic populations in vitro. Two cell lines showed shifts to higher levels as the cultures became tumorigenic, while two showed shifts to lower levels. Additionally two cell lines (3F3 and 165D) had DNA distribution profiles indicative of mixed cell populations during the neoplastic phase. Cloning experiments of cell line 3F3 confirmed that those cells having a model DNA value the same as that of their preneoplastic progenitor populations were non-tumorigenic. Evidence that such shifts in DNA content correlate with comparable changes in chromosome number was presented for the 3F3 cell line. These studies demonstrate that the transition from preneoplastic tracheal epithelial cells to neoplastic population is often associated with a change in DNA content, and would suggest that the malignant cell type emerges as a new cell type from preneoplastic progenitor populations. PMID- 7127670 TI - Hydroxyurea enhances methylnitrosourea skin tumorigenesis when given shortly before, but not after, the carcinogen. AB - To study the relationship between epidermal DNA synthesis and carcinogenesis, hairless mice of both sexes were given a single topical application of 1 mg N methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) in acetone. A control group received only MNU, whereas other groups were injected i.p. with 5 mg hydroxyurea (HU), 1 h, 45 min and 15 min before, simultaneously with, and 15 min, 30 min and 45 min after MNU application. The production of skin tumors was recorded and the results were assessed with accepted statistical methods. Injection of HU shortly before a single application of MNU enhanced skin carcinogenesis, and when HU is injected 30 min before MNU, the enhancement seems to be most pronounced. HU administered simultaneously with or following MNU application, did not alter the production of tumors. The cell kinetic situation in the epidermis at the time of a carcinogen application, and the modulation of the cell kinetic reaction to the carcinogen by any type of post- or pretreatment, may influence tumorigenesis. PMID- 7127669 TI - Enhancement of methylnitrosourea skin carcinogenesis by inhibiting cell proliferation with hydroxyurea or skin extracts. AB - To study the relationship between epidermal DNA synthesis and carcinogenesis, groups of hairless mice were given a single skin application of 2 mg N-methyl-N nitrosourea (MNU) in acetone. One group received no pretreatment, another group was injected i.p. with 5 mg hydroxyurea (HU) 30 min before MNU, and a further group with 0.5 mg Colcemid 3 h before MNU. Other groups were injected i.p. 14 and 4 h before MNU with either saline, 5 mg crude aqueous skin extract, 2 mg dialysed skin extracts of two types, or 2 mg dialysed extracts of liver or heart muscle, respectively. All substances were dissolved in 0.5 ml distilled water. Cell kinetic studies showed that the three skin extracts inhibited epidermal DNA synthesis and mitosis. HU inhibited DNA synthesis and increased the mitotic rate. The other pretreatments had no effect on epidermal DNA synthesis. There was a significant enhancement of the production of skin tumors in the groups pretreated with epidermal extracts or HU. MNU is a short-acting carcinogen with a half-life in the cell of 30 min. Hence, the results show that when DNA synthesis is inhibited at the time of MNU application, more tumors are produced in the skin. A possible explanation of the enhancement is that a compensatory wave of proliferation a short time after carcinogen binding may fix a DNA injury before repair can take place. PMID- 7127668 TI - DNA methylation during chronic administration of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in a carcinogenic regimen. AB - The formation and persistence of O6-methylguanine and 7-methylguanine in colon, kidney, and liver DNA were measured over a period of 25 weeks during 1,2 dimethylhydrazine (SDMH) carcinogenesis. Rats were given 14 weekly s.c. injections of 21 mg SDMH/kg body wt., and methylated guanines in DNA were determined quantitatively one week after each injection to measure the long-term accumulation of these aberrant bases. No accumulation of either base was seen in colon DNA, and no O6-methylguanine was seen to accumulate in liver DNA. The concentrations of O6-methylguanine and 7-methylguanine in kidney DNA did increase with reported administration of the carcinogen, but these bases were removed within six weeks after the last (14th) injection of SDMH. Large amounts of 7 methylguanine accumulated in liver DNA over the 14-week treatment period. The concentration of 7-methylguanine in liver and kidney DNA increased at rates greater than could be accounted for by using kinetic relationships determined in single-exposure studies. The concentration of O6-methylguanine in kidney DNA also increase at a rate greater than would be expected from calculations based on the rate of removal following a single administration of SDMH. PMID- 7127672 TI - Excision of O6-methylguanine from DNA by human fibroblasts determined by a sensitive competition method. AB - A new, simple and relatively inexpensive assay for measuring O6-methylguanine (O6 MeG) in methylated DNA is described. This assay used the property of suicide inactivation of Escherichia coli methyltransferase. When crude extracts of methyltransferase are incubated with DNA containing O6-MeG, transfer of the methyl group to a cysteine residue on the protein occurs and the protein is subsequently inactivated. Each protein molecular has been shown to act only once. In our assay, methylated DNA is first incubated with a fixed amount of the extract. The O6-MeG present in this DNA proportionally inactivates a part of the methyltransferase activity. The remaining activity is then incubated with a fixed amount of O6-[3H]MeG substrate of known specific activity and precipitated with acid. Hydrolysis of the acid precipitable fraction releases the unaltered O6 [3H]MeG enabling the amount of O6-MeG present in the unknown sample to be calculated. This method enables the accurate measurement of as little as 0.1 pmol of O6-MeG in methylated DNA and compares favourably with current radiochemical and immunological techniques. We have used this assay to measure O6-MeG produced in the DNA of human fibroblasts treated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine. We have also studied the kinetics of removal of this lesion. We confirm previous reports of a rapid repair system for the removal of O6-MeG from DNA by human fibroblasts. PMID- 7127671 TI - Comparative carcinogenesis by nitrosomorpholines, nitrosooxazolidines and nitrosotetrahydrooxazine in rats. AB - A comparison was made of the carcinogenic effectiveness of some cyclic nitrosamines containing oxygen in the ring. The compounds were administered to F344 rats at approximately equimolar concentrations in drinking water. Nitrosomorpholine, nitroso-1,3-oxazolidine and nitrosotetrahydro-1,3-oxazine were of similar potency and gave rise to hepatocellular carcinomas and angiosarcomas of the liver in almost 100% of treated rats. Methyl substitution at the beta position of nitrosomorpholine increased the potency, but retained the main target organ as the liver, while methyl substitution at both beta positions resulted in a further increase in potency, but elimination of the liver as a target and with the main site of tumor induction the upper gastrointestinal tract. In contrast, methyl substitution in the beta position of nitrosooxazolidine resulted in a decrease in carcinogenic potency, but with 100% incidence of liver tumors, but relatively few angiosarcomas. A methyl group at the 2-position of nitrosooxazolidine also reduced carcinogenic potency, all of the animals dying with liver tumors, but few angiosarcomas, but the change was no larger than that produced by the presence of methyl at the 5-position (beta). PMID- 7127673 TI - Repair replication characteristics of human cells exposed to 1'-acetoxysafrole or 1'-acetoxyestragole. AB - The response of cultured human cells to treatment with 1'-acetoxysafrole (1'-AcO S) and 1'-acetoxyestragole (1'-AcO-E), which are electrophilic and mutagenic, has been examined. Fifty percent survival of T98G cells followed exposure to 0.2 mM 1'-AcO-E. Fifty percent inhibition of DNA synthesis rate occurred after exposure to 0.3-0.5 mM of either compound. DNA repair replication in treated cells was measured by the combined 5-bromodeoxyuridine density and radioisotope labelling method. Detectable levels of repair over a 4 h time period appeared following exposure to 0.1 mM or higher concentrations of either compound. However, the maximum level of repair in 1'-AcO-S-treated cells was only 15% of the value seen after a saturating dose of u.v. (254 nm), and that for 1'-AcO-E was only 10% of the u.v. maximum. The time course for repair was similar for u.v. and 1'-AcO-S up to at least 11 h after treatment. Normal human fibroblasts (GM38) exhibited a similar ability to that of T98G cells for repair of 1'-AcO-S-induced damage. Even SV40-transformed fibroblasts from a xeroderma pigmentosum patient (complementation group A) exhibited a low but significant amount of repair after treatment with 0.5 mM 1'-AcO-S. The repair patch size distribution in T98G cells treated wih 1'-AcO-S or 1'-AcO-E was 19-23 nucleotides, -70% of the value obtained by the density-labelling method in u.v.-irradiated human cells. PMID- 7127674 TI - Alkali-sensitive sites in DNA from human cells treated with ultraviolet light, 1' acetoxysafrole or 1'-acetoxyestragole. AB - The formation and repair of alkali-labile sites in the DNA of human cells treated with 254 nm u.v. light, 1'-acetoxyestragole (1'-AcO-E) or 1'-acetoxysafrole (1' AcO-S) have been studied. DNA was analysed by sedimentation in alkaline sucrose gradients after the cells had been layered on the gradients in lysis solution for 15 h (long lysis) or for only 0.75 h (short lysis). With the long lysis technique, a dose of 20 J/m2 resulted in 0.2-0.4 strand breaks/10(8) daltons while treatment of cells with 0.5 mM 1'-AcO-E or 1'-AcO-S caused 0.1-0.3 strand breaks/10(8) daltons. In excision repair proficient T98G cells, one third to two thirds of these strand breaks disappeared upon 4 h incubation after exposure to each of the three agents. In excision repair deficient xeroderma pigmentosum fibroblasts (XPA), the alkali-labile sites produced by 1'-AcO-E or 1'-AcO-S were still repaired, although those resulting from u.v.-irradiation were not. Similar characteristics were observed after the short lysis period. The sedimentation velocities of nucleoids, prepared from treated XPA cells, in neutral sucrose gradients containing ethidium bromide, did not reveal the presence of overt strand breaks in the DNA, suggesting that the lesions were of a type in which the sugar-phosphate backbone was intact but sensitive to hydrolysis by alkali. The contribution of this type of damage to the total DNA damage produced by the agents was estimated to be less than 1% for u.v., and less than 2.5% for 1'-AcO-E and 1'-AcO-S. PMID- 7127675 TI - Dose-response analysis of the enhancement of liver tumour formation in CF-1 mice by dieldrin. AB - The current study was undertaken to investigate the dose-response characteristics of dieldrin-mediated enhancement of liver tumour formation in CF-1 mice. The median time to tumour development was established in controls, and in dieldrin treated animals at six levels of continuous exposure (0.1, 1, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 p.p.m.). The results of the analysis, which was based on liver tumour data from two parallel chronic feeding studies involving 1800 mice, are at variance with those reported by Druckrey for various established chemical carcinogens. In a double-logarithmic system of coordinates there was no linear relationship between the median total dose or the median time to tumour formation and the daily dieldrin exposure level. These results suggest that the tumourigenicity of this compound in CF-1 mouse liver is determined not by the sum of all consecutive doses, but rather by the level of daily exposure, and, presumably, the duration of treatment. This concept is consistent with the observed dose-dependency and reversible nature of dieldrin-induced subcellular changes in mouse liver. These considerations, together with evidence that dieldrin and its mammalian metabolites possess neither genotoxic activity nor potential, are not inconsistent with the concept that this compound is devoid of initiating potential, and operates by enhancing the effect of a genetically linked oncogenic factor in CF-1 mouse liver. PMID- 7127678 TI - Progressive coronary vasoconstriction during relative ischemia in canine myocardium. PMID- 7127677 TI - Evidence for estradiol promotion of neoplastic lesions in the rat vagina after initiation with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. AB - The hypothesis that estrogens are tumor promoters was tested by tumor induction in the rat vagina. Ovariectomized rats were given a single dose of N-methyl-N nitrosourea (MNU) by vaginal instillation, followed one week later by long-term release Silastic implants containing estradiol (E2). After 16 months, a significant incidence (4/9) of benign vaginal stromal polyps was found in the MNU E2 group, but no vaginal polyps were seen in groups given either MNU or E2 alone. A number of non-neoplastic changes were also seen and were due to E2 treatment either with or without MNU. The incidence of stromal polyps and their restriction to animals receiving the initiator-promoter regimen alone suggests that estrogens promote tumorigenesis in the rat vagina. PMID- 7127679 TI - Isolated cat trabeculae in a simulated feline heart and arterial system. Contractile basis of cardiac pump function. AB - Isolated cat trabeculae were studied under conditions resembling those present for the muscle fibers in the wall of the left ventricle. To obtain such a situation experimental animals, perfusion fluid, temperature, stimulation frequency, peak stress values, contraction sequence, length, and force control were chosen with respect to that criterion. Results were compared with those described for the intact feline heart in previous studies. Special emphasis was placed on determinants of the pump function graph, i.e., the relationship between mean ventricular pressure and output. It was found that peak isometric stress values measured in the trabeculae were about twice as high as those existing on average at the base of the intact left ventricle in the circumferential direction. However, the duration of the mechanical activity, as measured in iso(volu)metric contractions, was in the isolated trabeculae (206 msec) significantly less (P less than 0.01) than found in intact right (292 msec) or intact left ventricle (344 msec). Furthermore the (maximum) output of the intact left ventricle at end-diastolic pressure could not be accounted for in a simple manner by the maximum amount of shortening found in isolated trabeculae. The points of the pump function graph obtained by varying the input impedance of the loading arterial system over a wide range of compliance and resistance values in the steady state deviated only little from the graph obtained from a series of constant pressure levels applied in a beat-to-beat fashion. Therefore, the insensitivity of the pump function graph to the nature of the arterial load is found in the intact heart as well as in isolated cardiac muscle. PMID- 7127676 TI - The release of 4,4'-diaminobiphenyls from azodyes in the rat. AB - Six azodyes derived from benzidine, o-tolidine or o-dianisidine were separately administered orally by gavage to rats. Urine was collected over a 24 h period. Following dichloromethane extraction, urines were analysed by h.p.l.c. for the presence of the respective parent amine and its N-acetylated and N,N' diacetylated derivatives. After alkaline hydrolysis, urines were analysed for the amines resulting from the cleavage of N-conjugates. All six dyes, direct black 38, direct brown 95, direct blue 6, Congo red, trypan blue and Chicago sky blue were found to be reduced, N-acetylated and N-conjugated. However, no N,N' diacetylated metabolites were detected. After administration of the same dyes via injection into the hepatic portal vein, bile was collected over a 3 h period by cannulation of the bile duct. Urine was withdrawn from the bladder by syringe at the end of the three hours. Both body fluids were analysed for reduction products which were found only in the case of direct black 38, direct brown 95 and direct blue 6. Of the six dyes examined only the three direct dyes were mutagenic to S. typhimurium strains TA98 and TA1538 in the absence of flavin mononucleotide. The same three dyes were also substrates for rat liver microsomal azoreductase enzymes whereas Congo red, trypan blue and Chicago sky blue were shown to be inactive in a previous publication. The possible relationship between these results and the potent carcinogenicity exhibited by direct black 38, direct blue 6 and direct brown 95 is discussed. PMID- 7127681 TI - Acute alterations in left ventricular diastolic chamber stiffness. Role of the "erectile" effect of coronary arterial pressure and flow in normal and damaged hearts. PMID- 7127680 TI - Heterogeneous behavior of the canine arterial and venous wall. Importance of the endothelium. AB - Experiments were designed to determine the contribution of endothelial cells to the heterogeneous behavior of the arterial and venous wall. Rings of canine femoral, pulmonary, saphenous, and splenic arteries and veins, with and without endothelium, were mounted for isometric tension recording in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution. Endothelium-dependent inhibitory responses to acetylcholine, adenosine triphosphate, bovine thrombin, and arachidonic acid were prominent in the arteries. In the veins, only transient endothelium-dependent relaxations to these substances were observed. Removal of the endothelium decreased the augmentation of the response to norepinephrine caused by anoxia in both arteries and veins. In the veins, arachidonic acid and thrombin caused endothelium-dependent increases in tension during contractions evoked by norepinephrine. The endothelium-independent inhibitory effects of isoproterenol and adenosine and the excitatory effects of acetylcholine and ATP were more pronounced in the veins than in the arteries. These experiments demonstrate that in the arterial and venous wall the endothelial cells can contribute to both inhibitory and excitatory responses of the smooth muscle cells of the media. Inhibitory endothelial responses prevail in the arteries, and excitatory ones in the veins. PMID- 7127682 TI - Pulse wave reflection: can it explain the differences between systemic and pulmonary pressure and flow waves? A study in dogs. AB - We have studied the effect of changes in pulse wave reflection on the configurations of pressure and flow in systemic and pulmonary circulation. Electromagnetic flow transducers, atrial catheters, and pacing leads were implanted in 10 dogs. In four animals, the flow transducer was placed on the pulmonary artery, in another four on the ascending aorta, and in two additional dogs on both vessels. One week later, ascending aortic and/or pulmonary artery flow and pressure (catheter tip manometer) were measured under general anesthesia (Nembutal, 30 mg/kg, iv). When the pulmonary circulation was studied (six dogs), measurements were made before and during serotonin infusion (0.5-0.75 mg/min). When the systemic circulation was studied (six dogs), measurements were made before and during nitroprusside infusion (50-200 micrograms/min). To quantify the arterial load, we calculated pulmonary and systemic input impedances. To estimate the amount of reflection, we used a reflection index which we defined as the amplitude ratio of reflected and forward wave. Nitroprusside decreased total peripheral resistance, increased total arterial compliance, and decreased the reflection index; similarity between aortic pressure and flow wave shapes increased, and they looked more like their pulmonary counterparts. Serotonin increased pulmonary vascular resistance, decreased pulmonary arterial compliance, and increased the reflection index. Resemblance of pressure and flow waves decreased. The differences in wave shapes can thus be explained by the amount of reflection: the less reflection the more pressure and flow resemble each other. PMID- 7127684 TI - Quantitative regional determination of morphometric indices of the total and perfused capillary network in the rat brain. PMID- 7127683 TI - Dissimilarities in the electrophysiological abnormalities of lateral border and central infarct zone cells after healing of myocardial infarction in cats. PMID- 7127685 TI - Potentiating and depressive effects of ouabain and potassium-free solutions on rat mesenteric resistance vessels. AB - We have investigated the in vitro effects of ouabain and K-free solutions on some pharmacological and electrophysiological properties of rat mesenteric resistance vessels (internal diameter approximately 190 micrometers). Vessels were mounted as ring preparations on a myograph capable of measuring their isometric wall tension. In normal saline solutions, vessels did not exhibit any tone and had a membrane potential of -54 mV. Both 1 mM ouabain and K-free solutions caused a transient depolarization of 5-8 mV; thereafter the membrane slowly depolarized to about -45 mV after 30 minutes. There was no mechanical response to ouabain, but K free solutions caused a transient development of tension which could be inhibited by phentolamine (1 microM). In norepinephrine-activated vessels, exposure to ouabain or K-free solutions caused a small depolarization and an increase in tension. Long-term (30-minute) exposure to 1 mM ouabain or K-free solutions reduced the amplitude of norepinephrine responses and, for the lower (but not the higher) norepinephrine concentrations, the membranes were about 14 mV more depolarized than control. The mechanical responses to a cocktail of norepinephrine in a high potassium solution were, however, unaffected. Re exposure to normal saline solution produced a transient hyperpolarization and transiently eliminated the norepinephrine response, but thereafter the membrane potential and response returned to normal. The results indicate that ouabain and K-free solutions can have both short-term potentiating and long-term depressive effects on the mechanical response of rat mesenteric resistance vessels to norepinephrine. PMID- 7127688 TI - Two-dimensional echocardiographic evaluation of aneurysms of the descending thoracic aorta. AB - To determine the ability of two-dimensional echocardiography (2-D echo) to detect aneurysms and dissections of the descending thoracic aorta (DTA), we studied 15 patients, five with proved DTA dissections (group A) and 10 with proved aneurysms without dissection (group B), using 2-D echo in three recording positions: precordial, suprasternal and a modified apical. The DTA was visualized in 14 of 15 patients (93%); in each patient in group A, an intimal flap was recognized (in two patients only by the apical approach and in one patient by all approaches). The DTA was visualized in nine of 10 patients in group B; in each patient, the internal dimension of the DTA was enlarged (25-43 mm/m2). In one group B patient, aortic dissection was erroneously suspected because spurious echoes were present in the lumen; in another patient, 2-D echo failed to demonstrate a thrombotic stratification in the enlarged lumen. We conclude that 2-D echo using all available approaches appears to be a reliable technique for evaluating dissections and aneurysms of the DTA. PMID- 7127686 TI - Responses to inflation of vagal afferents with endings in the lung of dogs. AB - In dogs, inflating the lungs to pressures of 9 cm H2O or less reflexly increases heart rate, whereas inflating the lungs to pressures of 10-30 cm H2O reflexly decreases heart rate. The afferent fibers responsible for the cardioacceleration travel in the vagus nerves and are believed to be pulmonary stretch receptors, whereas the afferent responsible for the deceleration also travel in the vagus nerves, but are believed to be lung C-fibers. To identify the afferents responsible for these effects, we recorded the impulse activity of vagal afferents with endings in the left lung, while we slowly inflated that lung to 30 45 cm H2O. We found that 12 slowly adapting receptors fired at significantly lower inflation pressures than did 10 rapidly adapting receptors (5.8 +/- 1.5 vs. 13.5 +/- 2.2 cm H2O, respectively). We also found that 13 pulmonary C-fibers fired at significantly lower inflation pressures than did 10 bronchial C-fibers (16.4 +/- 1.8 vs 26.5 %/- 2.9 cm H2O, respectively). We conclude that slowly adapting receptors are likely to be responsible for the cardioacceleration evoked by low levels of inflation, and that both pulmonary and bronchial C-fibers are likely to be responsible for the cardiodeceleration evoked by high levels of inflation. PMID- 7127687 TI - The effect of ibuprofen on accumulation of indium-111-labeled platelets and leukocytes in experimental myocardial infarction. AB - To assess the ability of ibuprofen to influence the extent of platelet aggregation and leukocyte infiltration during acute myocardial infarction, autologous indium-111 (111-In)-labeled platelets or leukocytes were injected before 60 minutes of left circumflex coronary artery (LCx) occlusion, followed by 24 hours of reperfusion in the canine heart. Myocardial infarct size, as a percent of the area at risk, was reduced in the ibuprofen-treated group (12.5 mg/kg i.v. every 4 hours beginning 30 minutes before LCx occlusion) by 40%, from 48 +/- 4% in control animals to 29 +/- 4% in ibuprofen-treated dogs (p = 0.005). Quantification of the platelet-associated 111In radioactivity in irreversibly injured myocardium indicated that ibuprofen did not alter the accumulation of platelets in infarcted myocardium. In contrast, leukocyte accumulation in infarcted tissue was reduced significantly. In tissue samples with 0.41-0.60 gram infarct, the infarcted/normal ratio of leukocyte radioactivity was 12 +/- 2 in control dogs and 4 +/- 1 in ibuprofen-treated dogs, which represents a 67% reduction in leukocyte accumulation in ibuprofen-treated compared with control dogs. Similar reductions were found in other gram-infarct-weight categories. Although both platelets and leukocytes accumulate in infarcted canine myocardium, ibuprofen may exert its beneficial effect on ischemic myocardium by suppressing the inflammatory response associated with myocardial ischemia and infarction. PMID- 7127689 TI - Carcinoid heart disease: diagnosis by two-dimensional echocardiography. AB - We prospectively studied 14 patients with the carcinoid syndrome to determine if two-dimensional echocardiography could detect the nature and extent of valvular abnormalities. Eight of the 14 patients had definite abnormalities of the right sided cardiac valves. The tricuspid valve had a characteristic appearance, similar to previously described pathologic findings. The leaflets appeared diffusely thickened, shortened and stiff without evidence of commissural fusion. Saline contrast studies demonstrated tricuspid regurgitation, which corresponded to the severity of the tricuspid valve involvement. The pulmonary valve could only be adequately assessed in seven of 14 patients, and morphologic abnormalities similar to those in the tricuspid valve were found. Follow-up studies have shown progression of cardiac disease in six of eight patients. We conclude that two-dimensional echocardiography can detect the characteristic cardiac abnormalities in the carcinoid syndrome and may be a useful tool for following their progression. PMID- 7127690 TI - Congenital aneurysms of the left atrium: recognition by cross-sectional echocardiography. AB - The two-dimensional echocardiographic features of three patients with congenital aneurysms of the left atrium are described. The aneurysm arose from the left atrial appendage in two patients and from the posterior left atrial wall in one. The aneurysms were characterized by their origin from an otherwise normal left atrium, a well-defined neck, their position within the pericardial space, and distortion of the left ventricular free wall by the aneurysmal body. The differentiation of these structures from other abnormalities of the left atrium are also discussed. Two-dimensional echocardiography is a safe and reliable method for diagnosing congenital aneurysm of the left atrium, and such studies should be considered in any patient with an otherwise unexplained abnormality on the chest radiograph. PMID- 7127691 TI - Cross-sectional echocardiographic diagnosis and subclassification of univentricular hearts: imaging studies of atrioventricular valves, septal structures and rudimentary outflow chambers. AB - We reviewed anatomic observations (surgical or autopsy), angiograms and echocardiograms from 44 patients with documented univentricular hearts. Thirty three patients had univentricular heart of left ventricular type with an outflow or rudimentary chamber. Five had univentricular heart of right ventricular type, and six had univentricular heart of indeterminate types without a rudimentary chamber. Univentricular heart was correctly diagnosed by two-dimensional echocardiography in all but two of the 44 patients, including 25 of 27 double inlet univentricular hearts, all five with absent left and all 12 with absent right atrioventricular connection. One of the two blind trabecular pouches was missed on echocardiography; the other was not seen on the angiogram but was present at autopsy. In 30 of 33 patients, univentricular heart of left ventricular type was correctly identified by imaging an anterosuperior and leftward or rightward outlet chamber, and in four of five patients with univentricular heart of right ventricular type, the anomaly was correctly identified by imaging the inferior and posterior position of the rudimentary outflow chamber near the crux of the heart. Two-dimensional echocardiography provides detailed analysis of atrioventricular connections, main chamber morphology, and rudimentary chamber size and position of noninvasive diagnosis and anatomic subclassification of univentricular hearts. PMID- 7127692 TI - Ventriculocoronary connections in hypoplastic left hearts: an autopsy microscopic study. PMID- 7127693 TI - Muscular subaortic stenosis: the temporal relationship between systolic anterior motion of the anterior mitral leaflet and the pressure gradient. PMID- 7127694 TI - Angiocardiography of multiple ventricular septal defects in infancy. PMID- 7127696 TI - The effect of aortic valve replacement on survival. AB - We retrospectively studied 252 operated and 47 unoperated patients with isolated aortic valve disease. Aortic valve replacement (AVR) was recommended to all patients based on clinical and hemodynamic data. Preoperative hemodynamic and angiographic data were similar in operated and unoperated cohorts. Seventy-one percent of patients received a Bjork-Shiley prosthesis. Operative mortality was 7% for the entire surgical series. For patients with predominant aortic stenosis (AS), survival at 3 years was 87% in operated and 21% in unoperated patients (p less than 0.001). For patients with predominant aortic insufficiency (AI), the 5 year survival rate was 86% in operated and 87% in unoperated patients (NS). AVR improved long-term survival in patients with AS who had normal or impaired left ventricular (LV) function. In patients with AI and normal LV function, survival was not improved after AVR, but those with LV dysfunction who were operated on tended to survive longer (NS). Long-term survival of unoperated patients with AI was better than that in unoperated patients with AS. We conclude that AVR improves long-term survival in patients with AS who were normal or abnormal LV function, and that AVR does not change long-term survival in patients with AI, although those with LV dysfunction tended to survive longer. PMID- 7127697 TI - Antibiotic prophylaxis of subacute bacterial endocarditis for adult patients by dentists in Dade County, Florida. AB - To determine compliance with 1977 American Heart Association (AHA) recommendations for antibiotic prophylaxis (AbP) of subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE), we mailed a questionnaire to 1019 licensed dentists from Dade County, Florida. Of the 614 practicing dentists who responded, 97.7% believe that AbP prevents SBE and 94.2% always obtain a cardiac history from new patients. AbP is given to patients with known rheumatic or other valvular heart disease by 98.9% of responders and to patients with known prosthetic heart valves by 81.5%. The majority of dentists prescribe the antibiotics recommended by the AHA, but the dosage, route, frequency and duration of therapy are usually not according to AHA guidelines. AbP completely consistent with these guidelines is prescribed by 15.4% of dentists for patients with heart disease and by only 6.7% of dentists for patients with prosthetic heart valves. The AHA recommends parenteral AbP for most patients with prosthetic heart valves, but approximately 80% of dentists use only oral agents for these patients. We conclude that most dental patients predisposed to SBE receive AbP, but not in accordance with AHA guidelines. The widest deviation occurs among patients with prosthetic heart valves. PMID- 7127698 TI - Sequence and timing of ventricular wall motion in patients with bundle branch block. Assessment by radionuclide cineangiography. AB - We determined the sequence and timing of inward ventricular wall motion by least square phase analysis of radionuclide cineangiograms in 10 patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB), five patients with right bundle branch block (RBBB) and 11 patients with normal conduction. All LBBB and RBBB patients had normal coronary arteries and no segmental wall motion abnormalities. The left ventricle (LV) was divided into eight segments and the right ventricle (RV) into three; sequence and timing were scored by three observers. In normal subjects, wall motion begins in either or both ventricles and ends in the LV or both ventricles. In patients with LBBB it begins in the RV and ends in the LV; in patients with RBBB is begins in the LV and ends in the RV or both ventricles. The intraventricular wall motion is also altered in the ventricle ipsilateral to a bundle branch block. In LBBB, the mean time of onset of LV wall motion is delayed 1.9 frames (38 msec), whereas RV wall motion is normal. In RBBB, the onset of RV wall motion is delayed 1.3 frames (26 msec), whereas LV wall motion is not delayed. PMID- 7127695 TI - Calcification of porcine prosthetic heart valves: a radiographic and light microscopy study. AB - To determine the incidence and extent of calcification of implanted glutaraldehyde-treated porcine prosthetic heart valves, 82 valves explanted from 73 patients were examined for calcium by radiography and light microscopy. At the time of valve implantation, the patients were 2 1/4-76 years old. The included 15 children (patients younger than 15 years of age, mean age at time of valve implantation 8.7 +/- 4.1 years) and 58 adults (patients older than 15 years, mean age at time of valve implantation 53.5 +/- 15.1 years). Valves explanted from children (average time implanted 4.6 +/- 1.7 years) included four aortic, five mitral, as well as six right ventricle-pulmonary artery conduits and one left ventricle-abdominal aorta conduit. Valves explanted from adults (average time implanted 3.2 +/- 2.5 years) included 32 aortic and 32 mitral, as well as one tricuspid valve and one valve from a right ventricle-pulmonary artery conduit. Calcification of explanted valves was graded from 0 to 4+ based on radiographs. All 16 valves from children were calcified, with grade 3+ or 4+ calcification in each of the aortic and mitral valves. In adult patients, calcification was present in 10 of 33 valves (30%) implanted for less than 3 years (average time implanted 1.0 year), in nine of 11 valves (82%) implanted for 3-5 years (average time implanted 3.7 years) and in 21 of 22 valves (96%) implanted for 5 years or longer (average time implanted 6.2 years). Analysis of variance demonstrated that calcification was strongly related to the duration that valves were implanted (p less than 0.001). Age at the time of valve implantation also had a strong effect (p less than 0.001) on the amount of valvular calcium. Valves from children showed the most calcification, and the amount did not change when valves were implanted in patients 30 years of age or older. Patient sex and valve position had no effect on the amount of calcification. Calcification occurred at each right- and left-heart valve position, most frequently at sites of commissural attachments. PMID- 7127699 TI - Intrauterine and postnatal atrial fibrillation in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. AB - A fetal tachyarrhythmia was discovered at the thirty-second week of gestation of a 22-year old woman. Fetal echocardiography revealed atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular rate, without any other demonstrable cardiac abnormality. In spite of therapeutic maternal blood levels of digoxin, the fetal ventricular rate and cardiac size increased, which prompted us to perform cesarean section at the thirty-fourth week of gestation. A baby with a Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome but no other cardiac anomaly was delivered. Recurrent episodes of nonsustained atrial fibrillation with conduction over the accessory pathway occurred in the first hours of life. The Wolff-Parkinson-White pattern was not present on subsequent ECG recordings. The use of echocardiography in the diagnosis and management of this rare fetal tachyarrhythmia is emphasized. PMID- 7127700 TI - Evaluation of infradiaphragmatic total anomalous pulmonary venous connection with two-dimensional echocardiography. AB - In three newborn infants with infradiaphragmatic total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, the common pulmonary vein was visualized with two-dimensional echocardiography and validated with saline contrast injections. The transducer was placed in the subcostal region in a sagittal body plane so as to image the descending aorta and the vertebral column. The common pulmonary vein, which connected the pulmonary veins to a systemic vein in the abdomen, was seen lying parallel and anterior to the descending aorta and to the left of the inferior vena cava. With peripheral venous contrast injections, contrast echoes first filled the inferior vena cava and then the descending aorta because of obligatory right-to-left atrial shunting. The common pulmonary vein was the only structure that remained free of contrast echoes. Thus, contrast echocardiography provided a method for identifying the site of pulmonary venous drainage and for distinguishing the common pulmonary vein from other structures such as the inferior vena cava. In cyanotic infants with respiratory distress, two dimensional contrast echocardiography permits a rapid diagnosis of infradiaphragmatic total anomalous pulmonary venous connection. PMID- 7127701 TI - Problems of QT measurement. PMID- 7127702 TI - Assessment of LV contractility. PMID- 7127703 TI - High-density lipoprotein subfractions in normolipidemic patients with coronary atherosclerosis. AB - High-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were studied in 10 male patients with severe coronary atherosclerosis and in 10 well-matched controls. All subjects were normolipidemic, and the presence of a disease or other factor influencing HDL levels were excluded. Very low density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein levels were similar in both groups, but HDL concentration was significantly lower in the patient group. Analysis of HDL subfractions revealed that both HDL2 and HDL3 concentrations were significantly lower in the patient group. The composition of both HDL subfractions was also altered in the patient group: an increased cholesterol-to-protein ratio was found. These data strengthen the evidence in support of an important and independent role for HDL in the pathogenesis of coronary atherosclerosis. It appears that both HDL2 and HDL3 are implicated and that both the concentration and composition of HDL are important. PMID- 7127704 TI - Sex differences in obstructive coronary artery disease in patients 65 years of age or older with angina pectoris. PMID- 7127705 TI - Experimental validation of quantitative coronary arteriography for determining pressure-flow characteristics of coronary stenosis. PMID- 7127706 TI - Incremental value of the exercise test for diagnosing the presence or absence of coronary artery disease. AB - To determine the incremental value of the exercise test (ETT) for diagnosing coronary artery disease (CAD), we derived a multivariate logistic regression model for the pre-ETT prediction of CAD using data from 3840 patients at Duke University. We then applied the model to 324 patients at the Brigham and Women's Hospital. Using seven clinical factors, the multivariate model had an 84% overall predictive accuracy on both the training (Duke) and the validation (Brigham) sets of patients. Three ETT factors (ST-segment change in patients not taking digitalis, absence of ST-segment change in patients taking digitalis, ETT stopped because of ECG or blood pressure changes) had incremental, significant predictive power, but overall predictive accuracy based on both clinical and ETT factors improved only to 87%. When the ETT result was important enough to move the probability of CAD across a potential therapeutic threshold, the direction of the change in probability was correct only two-thirds of the time. Thus, the ETT was of limited value in predicting the presence or absence of CAD after other easily obtainable clinical data were taken into account. PMID- 7127707 TI - The independent value of exercise thallium scintigraphy to physicians. AB - To determine the effect of exercise myocardial scintigraphy with thallium-201 on diagnostic accuracy and the need for coronary angiography, consecutive patients with a variety of clinical presentations were identified. Clinical summaries, including a detailed history, physical examination, and complete data from a standard treadmill exercise test, were presented to 91 cardiologists. The cardiologists assessed the probability of coronary disease and the need for coronary angiography. They were then presented the results of thallium scintigraphy and revised their assessments if warranted. Scintigraphy significantly increased the cardiologists' diagnostic accuracy beyond that attained with other clinical information (p less than 0.0001). The change in accuracy varied from + 4% to + 20% in different patient groups, and was greatest in patients with atypical angina and a positive exercise ECG. Ratings of the need for coronary angiography changed from -13% to +21% in different patient groups. We conclude that exercise thallium scintigraphy can provide independent diagnostic information and influence the need for coronary angiography. PMID- 7127708 TI - The left ventricular end-systolic pressure-dimension relation in patients with thalassemia major. A new noninvasive method for assessing contractile state. PMID- 7127710 TI - Recruitment for clinical trials: the Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial experience. Its implications for future trials. PMID- 7127709 TI - Invasive evaluation (coronary arteriography) of the coronary artery disease patient: clinical, economic and social issues. AB - Radionuclide techniques have greatly enhanced noninvasive evaluation in the patient with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). Although these techniques have high sensitivity and specificity, the published data contain significant inconsistencies and inaccuracies. Coronary arteriography remains the definitive method of determining the presence, site, severity and operability of CAD. Although the procedure is invasive, recent studies have shown that complication rates have been reduced to an acceptably low level, particularly in laboratories with extensive experience. The economic aspects of coronary arteriography are complex. Survey data acquired in early 1981 from 54 active cardiac catheterization laboratories around the country showed that the mean technical charge billed by the hospital for coronary angiographic procedures was $760 (range $307-1470). Analysis of the actual costs of the procedure to the hospital indicates that in most cases, these costs far exceed $760. Hospital budgeting practices in many states fail to create any incentive to match charges with costs. The mean professional fee billed by physicians for coronary arteriography was $640 (range $200-1200). An estimated 275,000 coronary arteriograms are performed annually in the United States, yielding a total cost of $577,500,000. Opportunities for significant cost cutting are limited, and seem to lie primarily in improving the utilization of existing laboratories that are underutilized. Unresolved economic, ethical and social issues pertaining to coronary arteriography include: centralizing the procedure in a smaller number of centers around the country; self-referral of patients for coronary arteriography; establishing training standards for coronary angiographers and performance standards for angiographic equipment; acceptable levels of sensitivity in noninvasive screening for suspected CAD; and utilization of coronary arteriography throughout the country. PMID- 7127711 TI - Recruitment from clinical studies. AB - Referrals from related clinical studies represent a recruitment source with a relatively low volume of initial contacts, moderate volume of entries, a high ratio of entries to initial contacts and a relatively low effort level requirement for the recipient recruitment team. In the CPPT, this source provided overall 1% of initial contacts, 9% of first protocol visits and 11% of entries. Referrals were obtained from three major clinical studies. Approximately two thirds of the total entries from this source were derived from the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial and almost three-fourths of these were accounted for by the Minnesota LRC. The recruitment campaign conducted at this center is highlighted. Recruitment costs were usually low with this strategy. The combination of low costs and high efficiency make clinical studies referrals attractive. Such referrals may not always be available, but if they are, every effort should be made to maximize their use. PMID- 7127712 TI - Recruitment: an introduction. PMID- 7127713 TI - Recruitment by community screenings. AB - Community screening represents a recruitment strategy with a relatively high volume of initial contacts and entries, a low ratio of entries to initial contacts, and a relatively high effort level requirement for the recruitment team. In the CPPT, all but two centers used all three categories of community screening--locations, events and organizations--to provide, overall, 21% of initial contacts and 14% of first protocol visits and entries. Community screening is costly and involves careful planning and implementation of complex arrangements. Screening of community locations was better than events or organizations, primarily because of the greater proportion of age-eligible men relative to the total screened and the higher volume of initial contacts. PMID- 7127714 TI - Recruitment by screening entire communities. The Iowa Lipid Research Clinic Experience. AB - Screening of entire communities arose out of the demographic characteristics of the area served by the Iowa LRC. The process included three components: access to names and addresses of age-eligible persons who could be contacted through a direct-mail announcement of the screening program; support of local media and community leaders; and effective on-site screening teams. Responses to direct mailings were enhanced by a coordinated mass media campaign, in which print media was more effective than radio or television. The likelihood of an age-eligible man participating in the initial contact screening for the CPPT was greater for residents of smaller than larger communities. PMID- 7127715 TI - Recruitment by the use of mass mailings. AB - Mass mailing represents a moderate-volume, low-efficiency recruitment strategy with a relatively moderate volume of initial contacts and low volume of entries, a low ratio of entries to initial contacts, and a relatively moderate effort level requirement for the recruitment team. In the CPPT, this source provided 6% of initial contacts, 7% of first protocol visits and 6% of entries. Although seven centers used mass mailing, 65% of total entries from this source were accounted for by the Oklahoma LRC. Mailings were sent to those identified through voter registration and driver licensee lists, group membership and direct-mail services firms. Variable responses were obtained, with voter registrants yielding the highest level. Unwillingness to participate at the first protocol visit excluded only one-third as many participants from this source as was observed among all sources. Costs were significantly reduced by the availability to the center of computerized mailing lists, as well as the adoption of automated data processing procedures in conducting the mailings and follow-up phases. PMID- 7127719 TI - Occupational screenings: recruitment of government employees. AB - Occupational screening involving government employees represents a recruitment source with relatively high volumes of initial contacts and entries, a low ratio of entries to initial contacts, and a relatively high effort level requirement for the recruitment team. In the CPPT, nine centers made significant use of this strategy, to provide 11% of total initial contacts, 8% of first protocol visits and 7% of entries. Screening of government employees is costly and involves careful planning and implementation of complex arrangements. Shorter than expected lag-times were associated with local government sources. The tendency toward requiring screening of age- and sex-ineligible persons also characterized this strategy. PMID- 7127717 TI - Recruitment from medical referrals and clinical laboratories. AB - Medical referrals represent a recruitment source with a relatively low volume of initial contacts and entries and a high ratio of entries to initial contacts, while referrals from clinical laboratories comprise a relatively moderate volume of initial contacts, a low volume of entries and a moderate ratio of entries to initial contacts. Both sources require a relatively low effort level for the recruitment team. In the CPPT, all centers used these strategies, to provide, overall, 3% of initial contacts, 8% of first protocol visits and 10% of entries. Unwillingness to participate at the first protocol visit excluded less than one half as many medical referrals as was observed for all sources, while referrals from clinical laboratories were excluded due to unwillingness to participate much more frequently than the all-source mean. Low yields preclude reliance on these sources for any but the smallest clinical trial. PMID- 7127718 TI - Occupational screenings: recruitment from private industry. AB - Occupational screening involving private sector employees represents a source with relatively high volumes of initial contacts and entries, a low ratio of entries to initial contacts, and a relatively high effort level requirement for the recruitment team. In the CPPT, all centers used this strategy, to provide, overall, 26% of initial contacts, 20% of first protocol visits and 17% of entries. Occupational screening is costly and involves careful planning and implementation of complex arrangements. Procedures for contacting industries and conducting screenings are described. Screening yield was inversely related to company size. PMID- 7127716 TI - Recruitment using mass media strategies. AB - Use of mass media represents a recruitment strategy with a relatively moderate volume of initial contacts and entries, a moderate ratio of entries to initial contacts, and a relatively moderate effort level requirement for the recruitment team. In the CPPT, nine centers recruited participants directly through newspapers, radio or television or a combination. Media sources accounted overall for 4% of initial contacts, 11% of first protocol visits and 11% of entries. The media also served in an adjunctive role to other recruitment strategies. The yield from television and newspaper messages was generally better than that from radio. The flow of response varied appreciably among these types of media. Only one-fourth as many participants recruited through this strategy were excluded due to unwillingness to proceed at the first protocol visit as was observed among all sources. PMID- 7127720 TI - Population characteristics according to recruitment source. AB - Considerable variability was observed among recruitment sources and centers in the proportion of first protocol visits proceeding to entry. Some of the reasons for these differences are explored. Several characteristics of the participants were also analyzed to determine whether significant variability existed among recruitment sources. The variability encountered suggests that these characteristics might be exploited in selecting recruitment sources for clinical trials. PMID- 7127721 TI - Organization and management of recruitment. AB - Recruitment of participants to a multicenter study is complex. Considerable attention must be given to management and organization. In either a multi- or single-center study, a data-based management system is a sensitive and responsive means of monitoring participant flow. This system gives rapid feedback, encourages ongoing evaluation of strategies and permits centers to mark their own progress. In a multicenter study, an effective organizational framework for recruitment should include the central functions of administration, data management, monitoring progress and providing consultation concerning recruitment strategies, and public relations activities; and the recruitment team at each center, composed of counterparts of these central functions at the local level and the screening staff. The central staff is responsible for developing strategies, monitoring recruitment performance and providing consultation at the collaborative level. Staff from the central functional areas and local center recruitment teams can communicate effectively by using a central coordinating committee composed of representatives of each major component. This system is effective and applicable to most multicenter clinical research studies. In a single-center study, coordination may be provided through the recruitment team with equivalent representation to that described for this component in multicenter studies. PMID- 7127722 TI - Overview of recruitment to the coronary primary prevention trial. PMID- 7127724 TI - Liver cell enlargement induced by chronic alcohol consumption: studies on its causes and consequences. PMID- 7127723 TI - The effect of hyperlipidemia on Technicon SMAC measurements. AB - The chemical measurements on our Technicon SMAC of lipemic sera before and after clearing lipemia by ultracentrifugation showed that uric acid, creatinine, carbon dioxide, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and alkaline phosphatase were not affected significantly by lipemia, whereas sodium, urea, glucose, chloride and total protein showed small but significant increases with averages of less than 1.9 percent. Albumin showed a significant decrease of 1.2 percent. In contrast, the results for the enzymes, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) showed striking differences between pre- and post-centrifuged sera in a number of specimens. With lactate dehydrogenase, thirty-two of fifty specimens registered an increase in activity while with the aminotransferases, thirty-five and forty-one out of fifty specimens showed a decrease in aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities, respectively. Although much of the lipemic interference can be explained by the volume displacement of serum by lipids or by interference by lipemia with colorimetry, the anomalous effects observed with the enzymes indicate the possibility of other, as yet, undetermined factor(s). PMID- 7127726 TI - An assay for creatine kinase conversion factor. AB - The M subunits of creatine kinase (CK) isoenzymes, MM and MB, are subject to a postsynthetic modification in serum. As a result of this modification three sub bands of MM can be identified by agarose electrophoresis, called MM3, MM2 and MM1 in the order of increasing electrophoretic mobility towards the anode. An assay has been developed for the protein, called creatine kinase conversion factor, which catalyses the reaction leading to the sub-bands. The assay is based on the rate of conversion of MM3 to MM2 and MM1. The first order rate constant for the conversion, designated as kc, for sera of 24 apparently healthy adults ranges from 0.0221 to 0.0740 hr-1 with a mean of 0.0392 hr-1 under the conditions of the assay. Temperature and pH dependence of kc have been determined. PMID- 7127725 TI - Steroid receptors in rat uteri: postmortem retention of specific binding functions in crude tissue preparations. AB - Steroid receptor measurement by steroid binding analysis is a clinically useful procedure. The determination of steroid binding by specific receptors is thought to reflect the biological status of the test specimen and thereby aid prediction of patient response to endocrine therapy. The need for rapid excision of a specimen and transfer to a cold environment is believed necessary to allow reliable receptor evaluation. The optimal method of processing specimens for receptor assays, however, remains to be determined. This article reports our results on the hormone specific binding functions of rat uterine estrogen and progesterone receptors in relation to their time postmortem in situ. Steroid binding by inactive (cytoplasmic) and activated (nuclear) receptors and the processes of receptor transformation, translocation and nuclear association have been studied. Contrary to generally held notions, our results indicate that the binding functions were not altered up to 1.5 hours postmortem in situ relative to their behavior in incubation media at 2 degrees C. Thus, this apparent stability of the steroid receptors, in situ, allows greater freedom in the procurement of tissues for receptor analyses in clinical and basic research studies. PMID- 7127727 TI - Study of seasonal variations for eighteen biochemical parameters over a four-year period. AB - The seasonal variations of eighteen parameters of a biochemical profile were studied under standardized conditions. More than 2,600 blood samples from a homogeneous group of women aged 30 to 39 years were processed on a well controlled instrument over a four-year period. Monthly means were first calculated and then seasonal means for two delimitations of seasons and for different combinations of years. Even though many statistically significant differences were found between seasons, only in the case of two parameters, uric acid and triglycerides, was the percentage of difference between the highest and the lowest seasonal means greater than the inter-assay CV of the methods. For these two parameters the results of other age groups of women and men were also computed. Uric acid was higher in summer compared to fall by 5% in the case of women aged 30-39 and by 7% in the case of men aged 30-39, the method inter-assay CV being 4.5%. Triglycerides were 6% higher during spring compared to fall for women aged 30-39, but surprisingly, 22% higher in winter compared to fall in the case of men aged 30-39. For younger groups of men the difference is much smaller and for men aged 20 to 25 years the difference is not significant. In general, we have been unable to confirm the variations previously reported by many authors. PMID- 7127728 TI - Serum calcium methodology--a Canadian assessment based on the application of the reference method. AB - The reference method for serum calcium [J.P. Cali, G.N. Bowers Jr., D.S. Young (7)] has provided target values in six voluntary interlaboratory studies each using five or six human serum samples, mostly in liquid form. Eighteen method/instrument categories, used by at least five laboratories in the last two studies, have been rated in four classes for inter- and intra-laboratory accuracy and for precision. There has been a noticeable improvement in the performance of some individual laboratories but no real improvement in the overall results. Certain poor performance procedures were used less often in the most recent studies; however, some continue to be used. There has been a great increase in automated procedures but the results were not consistently reliable. There was wide diversity in the sources of supply of standards and quality control materials and their use in the laboratories. The wide variety of laboratory reference ranges (normal ranges) for the adult male was not consistent with the analytical results and differences in clinical interpretation occurred. On a daily workload basis the best procedures account for approximately 80% of the analytical tests performed per day whereas the worst procedures account for only 3% of the tests per day. PMID- 7127729 TI - Comparison of four commercial methods for the determination of fast hemoglobins. AB - The performance of three commercial kits, based on microchromatographic techniques for the determination of glycosylated hemoglobins (fast hemoglobins) has been evaluated. All three kits showed good precision, provided the laboratory temperature remained constant. Temperature variations of even one degree C had a profound effect on the kits from Helena Laboratories and Isolab Inc., while the one from BIO-RAD Laboratories was less influenced. The use of the temperature correction tables provided by Helena Laboratories and Isolab Inc., improved the reproducibility of their results significantly. Since there is no designated reference method, an evaluation of accuracy was not possible. The absolute values for fast hemoglobins, as measured by the three microchromatographic kits, differed from each other. Also, when a series of specimens from diabetic patients and from healthy control subjects were compared, the relative ratios of the results obtained from the three kits differed from specimen to specimen. However, there was no overlap between results from diabetic and control specimens. The performance of the electrophoretic method of Corning Medical Co. was also evaluated. PMID- 7127731 TI - Interlaboratory surveys of the quantitation of thyroxin and thyrotropin (thyroid stimulating hormone) in dried blood spot specimens. AB - Screening of newborns for hypothyroidism is mandated by law in most states. The screening usually consists of measuring thyroxin in dried blood spot specimens followed by measurement of thyrotropin if the results for thyroxin are suggestive of hypothyroidism. The first nationwide interlaboratory surveys designed to assess the proficiency of screening laboratories in the identification of euthyroid and hypothyroid specimens are reported here. Each survey consisted of three specimens mailed quarterly from late 1979 through 1980. A total of 88 laboratories participated in at least one of the four surveys. More than 17 different methods or diagnostic kits were used by participants in the surveys. Coefficients of variation ranged from 20% to 41% for thyroxin data and from 23% to 63% for thyrotropin. Despite the large analytical interlaboratory variation, most participants assigned clinical classifications consistent with the survey design. The incidence of mis-classifications was low. PMID- 7127730 TI - Evaluation and comparison of immunoinhibition and immunoprecipitation methods for differentiating MB and BB from macro forms of creatine kinase isoenzymes in patients and healthy individuals. AB - We compared results for measurements of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB) by immunoinhibition vs immunoprecipitation, using sera from 53 normal healthy individuals, 55 patients with increased CK-MB associated with acute myocardial infarction, and 42 patients whose blood exhibited one or more abnormal forms of CK by electrophoresis. These last 42 patients, selected from a group of 91 cases exhibiting abnormal forms as detected in a screening of 5000 hospitalized and clinic patients, include: (a) CK-BB bound to IgG (macro CK type 1), (b) a polymeric complex of mitochondrial CK (macro CK type 2), (c) abnormally high activity of free CK-BB isoenzyme, and (d) persistent increases of CK-MB from patients without myocardial infarction. These abnormal forms occur in less than 2% of all patients and are exceedingly rare in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Therefore, the vast majority of CK-MB analyses can be performed rapidly and efficiently by immunoinhibition, which has analytical sensitivity, is associated with high clinical sensitivity, and is easily automated for a low cost per test. In contrast, immunoprecipitation is a more specific analytical measurement of CK-MB but is less efficient and more costly. PMID- 7127732 TI - High-density lipoprotein subfractions as measured by differential polyanionic precipitation and rate zonal ultracentrifugation. AB - Recent interest in the putative protective role of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and its subfractions against atherosclerosis has highlighted the need for a rapid, simple subfractionation procedure. Here we compared HDL subfractionation by two recently developed polyanionic-precipitation methods with the values obtained by rate zonal ultracentrifugation. A similar result for total HDL cholesterol was obtained by all three methods. However, HDL2 cholesterol as measured by the precipitation procedures was significantly higher than the zonal value, and HDL3 was lower. This reflects the different underlying principles involved in the separations and highlights the need for a clearer understanding of the functional roles of the HDL fractions. PMID- 7127735 TI - A reagent strip for measuring the specific gravity of urine. AB - A solid-phase reagent for determination of urinary specific gravity (relative density) is described. This reagent strip, similar to others in the "N-Multistix" series (Ames), contains a polyacid whose acidity is sensitive to the ionic concentration in the urine in which it is immersed. As the acidity of the polyacid changes, pH changes are detected by a pH indicator within the reagent strip. In comparison studies, 84.4% of relative densities as measured with these reagent strips were within 0.005 of the corresponding results with a total-solids meter, and 89.9% were within 0.005 of the corresponding urinometer results. Adding a correction of +0.005 to the reagent-strip results for urines with high pH increased the percentage of results within 0.005 of the comparison method to 90.7% (TS meter) and 92.9% (urinometer). Lot-to-lot variability and reader-to reader variability were both low. Reagent strip results are not affected by glucose, may be increased by albumin, and correlate with urea concentrations. PMID- 7127734 TI - Predicting recurrence in patients with breast cancer from cumulative laboratory results: a new technique for the application of time series analysis. AB - We followed the cases of 26 consecutive postmenopausal patients operated on for primary breast cancer. Serum specimens were obtained each month for 1.5 years and stored at -80 degrees C until assayed for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and other quantities. Ten patients developed recurrence, while 16 qualified as controls (no clinical recurrence for at least 1.7 years after the last venipuncture). Using the homeostatic autoregressive time series model, modified by us to be particularly sensitive to sustained deviations from the mean, we detected four recurrences by CEA without having any falsely positive alarms. Group-based reference limits and application of the unmodified homeostatic model were less effective (fewer detected and shorter lead time). Simulation studies, involving use of a mathematical model relating CEA concentration to tumor growth and using parameters estimated from patient data, verified this and indicated that at least five stable baseline values are needed to detect 100% of recurrences before they are detected by the group-based limit. PMID- 7127733 TI - Measurement of prostatic acid phosphatase in serum and bone marrow: radioimmunoassay and enzymic measurement compared. AB - We quantitated the concentrations of prostatic acid phosphatases (EC 3.1.3.2) in serum and bone-marrow aspirates with three commercial radioimmunoassay kits, and the catalytic activities with a thymolphthalein monophosphate-based enzyme test. The enzyme's immunological activity in serum was compared with its catalytic activity for its potential as a detector of early prostatic cancer and its performance as an early marker of metastatic activity in bone. Neither measurement is useful for detecting early stages of prostatic cancer. The spread of carcinoma to lymph nodes or to bone is detected with greater frequency by radioimmunoassay than by the enzymic test. Radioimmunoassay also detected metastasis to the bone more frequently than did physical methods. Analytical and clinical performance of the four methods is described. PMID- 7127736 TI - Determination of glycosylated hemoglobin by affinity chromatography: comparison with colorimetric and ion-exchange methods, and effects of common interferences. AB - An affinity-chromatographic method for determination of glycosylated hemoglobin (Anal. Lett. 14: 649-661, 1981) is compared with the thiobarbituric acid colorimetric (I) (Clin. Chem. 27: 669-672, 1981) and the ion-exchange liquid chromatographic (II) (Diabetes 29: 623-628, 1980) methods. A correlation of 0.98 was obtained for the affinity method vs II and 0.97 for affinity vs I (n = 51). The within-run CV was 1.9% for specimens from non-diabetic individuals and 1.0% for those from diabetics. The respective between-run CVs were 3.4% and 2.4%. Failure to remove "labile" glucose adducts by 5-h incubation of erythrocytes in isotonic saline (37 degrees C) contributed an average error of 13.1% for II, 5.4% for I, and 1.6% for the affinity method. Affinity chromatography gave a decrease of 0.1-0.2% glycosylated hemoglobin for each 1.0 degree C temperature increase between 18 and 27 degrees C. Varying the pH of the wash buffer used in the affinity procedure from 7.75 to 8.25 (pH 8.0 optimum) produced at net change of 0.5% in glycosylated hemoglobin with one diabetic specimen. Using the affinity method, we determined the reference interval for glycosylated hemoglobin in 124 apparently healthy individuals to be 5.3 to 7.5% (mean 6.36%, SD 0.55%). Rechromatography by II and isoelectric focusing analysis of the fractions obtained by the affinity separation revealed a substantial population of glycosylated hemoglobins not measured by II. The affinity method offers a rapid, simple, precise, and accurate alternative to methods currently in use and gives substantial freedom from many common interferences. PMID- 7127740 TI - Evaluation of determination of glucose in urine with some commercially available dipsticks and tablets. AB - Four commercial products for urine glucose determination were evaluated and compared with a quantitative hexokinase procedure. We examined precision, sensitivity, and analytical recovery of glucose from glucose-supplemented urine samples and comparison of methods, using patients' samples. Only "Chemstrip uG" (Bio-Dynamics Inc.) could differentiate between 0.3 g/L (upper limit of normal) and 0.6 g/L urine glucose concentrations. "Tes-Tape" (Lilly) and "Diastix" (Ames) gave positive readings at 0.3 g/L; "Clinitest" (Ames) detected glucose only over 1 g/L. Analytical recovery of glucose was best, for all four products, between 1 and 2.5 g/L; Chemstrip uG was the most nearly accurate among the four. Between 5 and 20 g/L glucose concentrations, Tes-Tape, Diastix, and Clinitest tended to give falsely low results; the use of Chemstrip uG resulted in overestimates of concentration at 20 g of glucose per liter. Only Chemistrip uG and Clinitest (two drop method) had linear ranges extending to 50 g/L; Chemstrip uG had better precision and accuracy at this concentration. Of the four products, Chemstrip uG had the lowest within-technologist and technologist-to-technologist random analytical errors. In method comparison on patients' samples, Chemstrip uG was significantly stronger in its association with the quantitative hexokinase method than was Diastix, Clinitest, or Tes-Tape. PMID- 7127737 TI - Four methods for determining uric acid compared with a candidate reference method. AB - Uric acid as measured in serum by three different uricase (EC 1.7.3.3) methods (aca, Ektachem, and SMAC) and by the SMAC method with phosphotungstic acid was compared with a candidate Reference Method for uric acid. Serum specimens from 83 patients (uric acid concentrations, 19 to 141 mg/L) were analyzed by all five methods. Results were compared by using linear regression analysis, and the mean difference between results by the candidate Reference Method and the four other methods was calculated. Compared with the candidate Reference Method, the aca method gave the smallest deviation from zero for the intercept and the smallest mean difference, and the SMAC phosphotungstic acid method showed a slope closest to unity. The SMAC uricase method had the largest intercept and greatest deviation of the slope from unity. PMID- 7127738 TI - Evaluation of a new commercial solid-phase direct radioimmunoassay for unconjugated estriol in pregnancy plasma. AB - We evaluated a new radioimmunoassay kit for unconjugated estriol in pregnancy plasma. The overall mean intra-assay precision (CV), as determined from replicate analyses of three plasma pools with different estriol concentrations, was 5%; the overall mean inter-assay precision was 7.7%. The assay system had acceptable linearity, with a correlation coefficient of 0.97 between results for 24 plasma samples assayed at 10 and 20 microL. Analytical recovery of estriol added to plasma to give three concentrations averaged 98.6%. Estriol values were generally higher with the kit than with our conventional charcoal-separation RIA method. The regression line equation was y = 1.11x + 1.0, the correlation coefficient 0.97. In plasma from 28 normal pregnant women, sampled serially during the last trimester, the mean unconjugated estriol concentration in plasma increased steadily from 29 nmol/L at 28 weeks of gestation to 42 nmol/L at 34 weeks, and then more rapidly to 93 nmol/L at term. This kit provides a rapid, technically simple, and reliable assay method, offering advantages to clinical laboratories with a high estriol workload. PMID- 7127739 TI - Lactate dehydrogenase activity as measured by the SMAC is related to flow-cell energy. AB - Determination of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the SMAC (Technicon) is based on the change in NADH absorbance between two flow cells. We noted that results for patients' specimens and controls changed when the fiber optic terminations for the two LDH channel flow cells were adjusted or "peaked" at the colorimeter chopper assembly. The energy (intensity) of light reaching the flow cells was varied by adjusting the fiber optic terminations, and the absorbance readings for a series of solutions containing NADH and patients' specimens were recorded. For both flow cells, when the fiber optic terminations were adjusted to increase the zero absorbance light intensity from 20 lines to 60 lines, a significant (p less than 0.0001) proportional change was seen in the absorbance readings. Evidently the difference in absorbance between the two flow cells is related not only to the NADH concentrations but also to the difference in the light intensity at the two flow cells. Consequently, changes in the adjustment of the fiber optic terminations produce systematic changes in results for LDH in patients' sera. These systematic changes in LDH results may be minimized by maintaining equivalent settings of the fiber optic terminations for the two flow cells and by using the calibration material with an absorbance most similar to that of patients' specimens. PMID- 7127742 TI - Simultaneous liquid-chromatographic determination of carbamazepine and its epoxide metabolite in plasma. AB - We describe a liquid-chromatographic method for the simultaneous quantification of carbamazepine and its 10,11-epoxide metabolite in plasma. The method is used routinely in the analysis of carbamazepine and its epoxide in 0.5 mL of plasma at concentrations of 1 to 20 and 0.2 to 5 mg/L, respectively. The use of peak-height ratios as a measure of detector response appeared to provide better precision and accuracy than peak-area ratios. PMID- 7127743 TI - Improved determination of aluminum in serum and urine with use of a stabilized temperature platform furnace. AB - This method for determining aluminum in serum and urine is essentially free from matrix interference and gives a linear response with concentration to at least 500 micrograms/l. Use of a stabilized temperature platform (L'vov platform, Perkin-Elmer Corp.) to approach a "steady-state" temperature, addition of matrix modifiers [especially Mg(NO3)2], and the use of peak area integration all helped substantially diminish spectral interference. With the platform furnace, serum protein concentrations as great as 260 g/L did not interfere with the determination of Al. The within- and between-assay precision (CV) was less than or equal to 3.5% and less than or equal to 7.4%, respectively. Analytical recovery of Al added to serum ranged between 95 and 101% throughout the linear calibration range (to 500 micrograms/L), either when measured directly from the standard curve or by the method of standard additions. The reference interval for Al in 28 healthy subjects was 2-14 micrograms/L (mean 6.5, SD 4.1 micrograms/L), and for 130 patients on hemodialysis, 20-550 micrograms/L (mean 87.5, SD 62.5 micrograms/L). PMID- 7127744 TI - Liquid-chromatographic determination of amitryptyline and its metabolites in serum, with adsorption onto glass minimized. AB - To study correlations between the concentrations, in serum, of amitriptyline and its most important metabolites with clinical response in patients, we developed a "high-performance" liquid-chromatographic method for routine determination of amitriptyline, nortriptyline, total 10-hydroxy-amitriptyline, desmethylnortriptyline, and E(trans)- and Z(cis)-10-hydroxynortriptyline. These compounds are extracted from 1 mL of alkalinized serum into hexane/isoamyl alcohol (99/1 by vol). Perazine is the internal standard. To minimize irreversible adsorption of the drugs onto the glassware, 5 micrograms of maprotiline is added to the organic phase just before evaporation. After a 10-min resolution on a silica column eluted with acetonitrile/methanol/NH4OH (1 mol/L), absorbance is measured at 240 nm. Only chlorimipramine, doxepin, procainamide, and N-acetylprocainamide may interfere with assay of the compounds that probably are therapeutically relevant: amitriptyline, nortriptyline, and E-10 hydroxynortriptyline. Uremia, lipemia, and icterus also do not affect the analysis. PMID- 7127745 TI - Total calcium and magnesium determined in serum with an automated stopped-flow analyzer. AB - We describe the measurement of total calcium and magnesium in serum with an automated microcomputer-controlled stopped-flow analyzer. The calcium method is based on the cresolphthalein complexone procedure, with 2-amino-3-methyl-1 propanol as the alkalinizing agent. The assay, performed on 60-fold prediluted samples, requires 50 microL of serum. Absorbance is measured at 580 nm for 1 s, after a 5-s delay. Response is linearly related to concentration up to 5 mmol/L; analytical recovery averaged 97.8%. Within-day CVs were 0.7 to 1.5%, day-to-day CVs 1.8 to 2.5%. Results compared well with those by continuous-flow Technicon SMA II method. A sample throughput of as many as 260 samples per hour is possible. The magnesium determination, a complexometric procedure, involves magnesium/calmagite complex in an alkaline reagent mixture and ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid to eliminate calcium interference. Prediluted serum samples are used (100 microL of serum diluted 25 fold), and absorbance at 520 nm is linear with concentration to 50 mg/L. Within run CVs were 0.5 to 1.1%, and day-to-day 1.3 to 3.8%; analytical recovery was 99.3%. Results compared well with those by atomic absorption spectrometry (r = 0.994). A delay time of 10 and a measurement time of 2.5 s allows for a throughput of as many as 180 samples per hour. PMID- 7127741 TI - Lipoprotein quantification: an electrophoretic method compared with the Lipid Research Clinics method. AB - We compared a turbidimetric electrophoretic method (Lipidophor) for lipoprotein quantification with the standardized Lipid Research Clinics (LRC) method. In the Lipidophor procedure, major lipoproteins are separated by electrophoresis on agarose gels, precipitated on the gels with phosphotungstate-Mg2+ reagent, and the resulting turbidity is measured densitometrically. Measurements of relative turbidity were converted into lipoprotein cholesterol values by the use of numeric constants provided by the manufacturer. Among-day CVs (n = 46) for the Lipidophor method were 6.0%, 3.6%, and 9.9% for cholesterol in the alpha-, beta-, and pre-beta lipoproteins, respectively. The Lipidophor alpha-cholesterol was significantly lower (n = 171 specimens) than the LRC high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (514 vs 586 mg/L), and beta-cholesterol was significantly higher than the corresponding LRC low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol values (1505 vs 1409 mg/L). The linear relation between the two methods for lipoprotein cholesterol quantification is as follows: Lipidophor alpha = 0.77 LRC HDL + 63 mg/L with correlation coefficient (r) of 0.87; Lipidophor beta = 0.95 LRC LDL + 166 mg/L (r = 0.96); Lipidophor pre-beta = 0.57 LRC very-low-density lipoprotein + 39 mg/L (r = 0.82). We derived a revised algorithm for estimating lipoprotein cholesterol from turbidity measurements. Lipoprotein cholesterol values by the Lipidophor method agree well with those obtained by the LRC method when these constants are used. PMID- 7127746 TI - Clinical evaluation of immunochemical assay of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 1 in early detection of acute myocardial infarction. AB - We immunochemically measured lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 1 (LD-1), calculated LD-1/LD ratios (% LD-1) for 122 specimens from 60 patients, and compared the results with those for the conventional cardiac profile and other findings such as clinical presentation and electrocardiogram. Results for LD-1 and % LD-1 could be classified into three groups: group I, with LD-1 less than 64 U/L; group II, with LD-1 greater than 64 U/L and % LD-1 between 17 and 37%; and group III, with LD-1 greater than 64 U/L and 5 LD-1 greater than 38%. These three groups correlated closely and consistently with three patients of cardiac profile, i.e., those of no acute myocardial infarct, myocardial ischemia, and acute myocardial infarct, respectively. PMID- 7127747 TI - Liquid-chromatographic determination of amoxapine and 8-hydroxyamoxapine in human serum. AB - We describe a liquid-chromatographic procedure for amoxapine and 8 hydroxyamoxapine, its active metabolite, in serum. We used a mu-Bondapak C18 reversed-phase column and a mobile phase of acetonitrile/water (74/26 by vol) plus 26 microL of n-butylamine per liter. The compounds were measured at 254 nm, with 8-methoxyloxapine as internal standard. Necessary pre-analysis purification consisted of adsorbing the drug from serum onto extraction columns, eluting with 1-butanol/hexane (1/5 by vol), re-extracting into aqueous acid, and from that re extracting again into the elution-solvent mixture. We prefer this procedure for monitoring both therapeutic and toxic concentrations of amoxapine, because parent drug and metabolite are measured separately. PMID- 7127749 TI - Ascorbic acid in lymphocytes: cell preparation and liquid-chromatographic assay. AB - Measurements of ascorbic acid concentration in leukocytes by "high-performance" liquid chromatography (HPLC) provides better nutritional assessment, leading to better management, particularly of presymptomatic and critically ill patients. This procedure includes a simple, reproducible cell-separation technique that requires no more than 2 mL of whole blood. Cell populations are separable with greater than 95% purity and greater than 99% viability. Ascorbic acid is assayed by HPLC. The vitamin can be reproducibly quantified in concentrations as low as 0.1 microgram/mL of cell extract. The chromatographic procedure is very rapid, analysis being completed within 15 min after specimen preparation. The assay is suitable also for urine and protein-free filtrates of plasma and of other biological materials. Reference intervals for plasma, mononuclear leukocytes, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes were established. A preliminary clinical evaluation revealed that hospital patients were at a greater risk of ascorbic acid deficiency than expected. PMID- 7127748 TI - Semiautomated system for simultaneous assays of serum vitamin B12 and folic acid in serum evaluated. AB - We evaluated performance characteristics of a semiautomated radioassay system (ARIA II, Becton Dickinson Immunodiagnostics) for simultaneous measurements of vitamin B12 and folic acid in serum. The system requires off-line boiling of samples, which are then processed on-line. The automated process includes dispensing of boiled samples, tracers, and binders (purified intrinsic factor and milk binder); incubation, separation of bound and free ligands; elution; counting radioactivity of 57Co and 125I; and data reduction. Results were compared with those obtained by a manual method (Diagnostic Products Corp.). Although the nonspecific binding of the ARIA II is more than double that of the manual system, the precision values are comparable (within- and between-assay CVs are less than 8.5%). Values obtained with these two systems correlated well except that folic acid concentrations obtained with ARIA II tended to be lower at high folic acid concentrations. We observed no significant total carryover or drift in the semiautomated system. PMID- 7127751 TI - Reference interval for phosphohexose isomerase activity in aqueous humor. PMID- 7127752 TI - Salicylate interference with measurement of acetaminophen. PMID- 7127750 TI - Five creatine kinase isoenzymes in serum of a patient with severe heart disease. AB - Abnormal creatine kinase (CK) isoenzyme patterns were observed in the serum of a 64-year-old woman with severe heart disease. Agarose electrophoresis revealed the presence of all the usual CK isoenzymes (MM, MB, and BB) plus an extra band between MM and MB. Total serum CK activity was within the normal range. Within 2 h after the patient suffered cardiorespiratory arrest, a fifth CK isoenzyme appeared, cathodal to MM. After cardiac valve replacement, the patient's serum showed a high activity of CK, but the isoenzyme pattern showed only MM and, transiently, an MB band. With return of the serum CK activity to normal, the CK isoenzymes pattern also became normal, virtually ruling out genetic variant(s). The abnormal CK isoenzyme patterns might have been the consequence of severe hypoxemia in the patient, thus such patients may represent an ominous prognostic sign. The association of the abnormal pattern upon admission with rapid deterioration of the condition of the patient suggests prompt attention for the prevention of complications. PMID- 7127753 TI - Diagnostic specificity of serum myoglobin radioimmunoassay for acute myocardial infarction is improved by using age-, sex-, and race-specific reference ranges. PMID- 7127754 TI - IL 1303: viscous specimens can cause problems. PMID- 7127755 TI - Estimation of creatine kinase isoenzyme CK-MB by immunoinhibition and by ion exchange chromatography compared. PMID- 7127757 TI - Enzymic reaction-rate assay for urinary creatinine. PMID- 7127758 TI - Improved pilocarpine reservoir for use in sweat testing. PMID- 7127763 TI - Radioiodinated hormones purified by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. PMID- 7127759 TI - Effect of pH on the elimination of the labile fraction of glycosylated hemoglobin. PMID- 7127760 TI - The NADH-dependent transketolase assay: a note of caution. PMID- 7127761 TI - Perfluorocarbon emulsions as pH/blood-gas controls. PMID- 7127762 TI - A washer-dryer system for cuvette rotors used in the Cobas-Bio Centrifugal Analyzer. PMID- 7127764 TI - A calibration protocol for serum-based secondary standards. AB - In this procedure, tentative calibration values are assigned to secondary standards by analysis of that material with the routinely used instrument calibrated by use of the former lot of material. Aliquots of serum from patients are then analyzed by the routine method and an appropriate calibration method in which primary standards are used. If the patient-sera results by both methods are the same, the assigned calibration value is assumed to be correct; if not, the calibration value of the secondary-standard material is adjusted to produce agreement in patient-sera results between the two methods. Thus, calibration of the routine method is linked via the calibration method to primary standards as the criterion of accuracy. This approach corrects for matrix interference of serum-based secondary standards. All that is expected for the secondary standard to obtain an accurate result for patient sera is to produce an analytical signal (irrespective of the origin of the signal) that is equivalent to the calibration value. Differences were significant between the secondary-standard calibration value we determined by this procedure and that assigned by the manufacturer for bilirubin, calcium, phosphorus, chloride, CO2, creatinine, glucose, sodium, uric acid, and commonly measured enzymes. PMID- 7127756 TI - Pseudochyluria caused by vaginal cream. PMID- 7127765 TI - A continuous-flow (AutoAnalyzer II) procedure for measuring erythrocyte transketolase activity. AB - In this semiautomated method, an AutoAnalyzer II is used to measure the enzymic production of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate in hemolysates, to assay erythrocyte transketolase (EC 2.2.1.1) activity. Hemolysate and indicator reactions are separated by dialysis to eliminate hemoglobin interference and increase sensitivity. Internal standards of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate in hemolysate carriers were quantitatively measured with good precision and accuracy in the presence or absence of the transketolase substrate, ribose 5-phosphate. Chart recorder values for these standards were used to calibrate the AutoAnalyzer output in IUB units (U) of transketolase activity. Substrate-product relationships were examined to characterize reaction kinetics and optimize assay conditions. AutoAnalyzer transketolase results correlated well with those from two manual procedures. PMID- 7127766 TI - Performance of a new rate-nephelometric assay for rheumatoid factor, and its correlation with tube-titer results for human sera and synovial fluid. AB - We evaluated a rate-nephelometric assay for rheumatoid factor (RF), as developed for use with the Beckman Immunochemistry System (ICS). Within- run precision (CV) for low-, mid-, and high-dilution samples (60-400 kilo-int. units/L) was 3.5, 1.5, and 1.6%; between-run precision was 3.4%. Analytical linearity was excellent. Biological interference resulted in some degree of nonlinearity in more than 70% of the patients' samples tested. Sensitivities were 96.5 and 94.1% and specificities were 98.5 and 95.3% for the ICS RF and Wampole slide methods, respectively, for a clinically defined population of 170 patients. Results for 100 ICS RF-positive samples correlated well with concomitantly measured Calbiochem-Behring tube-titers. Weekly measurement of Calbiochem-Behring. Hyland Diagnostics, and ICL Scientific tube-titer values for RF along with the ICS RF values on samples from the same patients indicated stable ICS RF values but showed at least +/- 1 tube dilution variances both within and between the tube titer methods. Therefore, it may not be appropriate to compare a precise new method with a relatively imprecise comparison method. Treatment of RF-positive samples with dithiothreitol, which disrupts the pentameric character of immunoglobulin M, rendered the samples negative by repeat ICS RF assay and confirmed the method's specificity for pentameric immunoglobulin M-RF. Serum RF concentration as determined by ICS paralleled changes in clinical symptoms in a patient treated with both effective and relatively ineffective regimens, which suggests a useful role for the assay in monitoring efficacy of clinical treatment. PMID- 7127767 TI - Specific spectrophotometry of ascorbic acid in serum or plasma by use of ascorbate oxidase. AB - We describe a specific enzymatic spectrophotometric method for ascorbic acid in serum or plasma. Samples are analyzed indirectly by measuring the absorbance at 593 nm of a reaction product, a complex of ferrous ion and 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl) s-triazine (Fe2+-TPTZ). This product is formed by reduction of the corresponding ferric ion complex (Fe3+-TPTZ), which is nonspecifically reduced by various biological reducing agents under acidic conditions. Ascorbic acid is specifically quantified by pretreating one of a pair of replicate samples with ascorbate oxidase (EC 1.10.3.3), to oxidize the ascorbic acid, then reacting both samples with Fe3+-TPTZ and measuring the difference between the absorbances at 593 nm of the treated and untreated samples. This difference is linearly related to ascorbic acid concentrations from 10 to 100 mg/L. Ten repeat determinations of a serum pool with added ascorbic acid yielded a CV of 2.8% and a mean of 47.2 mg/L. The correlation (r) between the proposed method and the dinitrophenylhydrazine method was 0.93 for 32 samples analyzed by both methods. The present method is specific for ascorbic acid and requires no deproteinization. PMID- 7127769 TI - Multivariate delta check method for detecting specimen mix-up. AB - Among laboratory mistakes, "specimen mix-up" is the most frequent and the most serious. According to the Clinical Chemistry Laboratory Error Report of Toranomon Hospital, specimen mix-up was often detected when there were many large discrepancies between the results of a test and the results of a previous test. We present here a checking method to detect specimen mix-up. The method, which we call the "multivariate delta check" method, is an extension of the "delta check" method first presented by Nosanchuk and Gottmann (Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 62:707, 1974). Clinical evaluation has demonstrated the effectiveness of the method. PMID- 7127768 TI - Enzymic determination of free and esterified cholesterol in serum by microcalorimetry. AB - Concentrations of free and esterified cholesterol in serum can be determined simultaneously by measuring, with a batch-type microcalorimeter, the heat released during the coupled cholesterol esterase/cholesterol oxidase/catalase enzymic reaction. To differentiate the two forms of cholesterol, we used kinetic calorimetry: the rate of heat output due to enzymic hydrolysis of esterified cholesterol (the rate-determining reaction) was subtracted from the measured heat, the difference being the heat released during the enzymic oxidation of free cholesterol (the fast reaction). Results obtained by the kinetic calorimetric method agreed with those obtained by separate sequential end-point calorimetric determinations of free and total cholesterol. We also compared the kinetic calorimetric method with the cholesterol method of Abell and Kendall and a continuous-flow modification of the Liebermann-Burchard method (Technicon SMAC). De-biased linear-regression analysis of the data indicates acceptable agreement between the calorimetric and the Abell-Kendall methods (y = 0.98x + 11.5). The correlation between results by calorimetric and SMAC methods shows a significant proportional error (y = 1.17x - 159.4). Bilirubin (up to 200 mg/L) does not interfere with the calorimetry. PMID- 7127770 TI - Evaluation of some critical factors affecting determination of aluminum in blood, plasma, or serum by electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy. AB - A digestion procedure involving nitric acid is described for determination of aluminum in blood, serum, and plasma by graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy. Contamination was not a severe problem if all operations were performed in a dust-free atmosphere. Conditions for such determination of aluminum in blood were optimum when the L'vov platform technique was used and hydrogen added to the inner gas flow of the furnace. We discuss the importance of adequate correction for nonspecific absorbance when this technique is used close to the detection limit. The blank value for the overall procedure was 1.0 (SD 0.59) micrograms/L (n = 22). We applied the method to frozen whole blood, plasma, and serum samples. For whole-blood samples from 11 different healthy subjects the mean value was as low as 1.6 (SD 1.29) micrograms of AI per liter (n = 22). PMID- 7127772 TI - Liquid-chromatographic determination of cyclosporine in serum with use of a rapid extraction procedure. AB - In this procedure, reversed-phase liquid chromatography is used to measure cyclosporine, a fungal metabolite with immunosuppressive activity, in human serum. With a gradient elution, the retention times for cyclosporine and cyclosporin D were 14.1 and 15.7 min, respectively. Ultraviolet absorbance at 215 nm was used to detect cyclosporine; this wavelength improved assay accuracy without decreasing sensitivity, as compared with detection at 205 nm, which is near the absorption maximum. The major advantage of our procedure is the clean-up method, which involves use of disposable extraction columns. This extraction is simple and requires only 10 to 15 min per sample. Results by radioimmunoassay for cyclosporine were unpredictably greater than those measured by the present method. Dosing guidelines for cyclosporine need re-evaluation, based on more specific assay methods. PMID- 7127771 TI - Liquid-chromatographic estimation of saturated phospholipid palmitate in amniotic fluid compared with a thin-layer chromatographic method for acetone-precipitated lecithin. AB - The "high-performance" liquid-chromatographic method we report for measuring palmitate derived from saturated phospholipids in amniotic fluid is sensitive and precise and possesses a wide dynamic range. Palmitate from nonsurfactant sources is largely excluded. The procedure involves oxidation of the chloroform/methanol extracted lipids with osmium tetroxide, precipitation of the resulting phosphatides with cold acetone, mild alkaline hydrolysis, derivatization of the liberated fatty acids to phenacyl esters, and reversed-phase chromatography. The method is no less convenient or more time-consuming than measurement of the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio by thin-layer chromatography. The clinical usefulness of the procedure is indicated by results of a correlative study of 26 amniotic fluids evaluated by "lung profile" tests in a second laboratory. A value for dipalmitoyl lecithin of 13 mg/L or greater indicates fetal lung maturity. PMID- 7127774 TI - Liquid-chromatographic procedure for simultaneous analysis for eight benzodiazepines in serum. AB - We describe an efficient extraction and liquid-chromatographic method for separating commonly encountered benzodiazepine drugs and their pharmacologically active metabolites. After a single extraction of the drugs from serum, chlordiazepoxide, demoxepam, N-desmethyl-chloriazepoxide, diazepam, N desmethyldiazepam, N-desalkylflurazepam, oxazepam, and prazepam can be resolved and quantified by using a C18 reversed-phase "high-performance" column and a ternary-solvent gradient system. Three separate solutions [60 mmol/L ammonium acetate (pH 7.69), 60 mmol/L acetic acid (pH 2.8), and acetonitrile] were incorporated into a gradient mobile phase such that changes in pH and solvent composition occur. Complete chromatographic resolution of the benzodiazepines resulted, permitting quantification of all within 15 min. The standard curve is linear to at least 8 mg/L for each drug, and the detection limit for each was 0.05-0.10 mg/L. The day-to-day precision for both high and low concentrations yielded CVs of 5 to 9%. Extraction of each drug from serum was 95 to 100% complete. Exogenous and endogenous interferences are minimal. Finally, we circumvented the instability problem of benzodiazepine standards in solution by using a simple reduced-pressure drying process that produces a working standard that is stable for at least nine months. PMID- 7127773 TI - Determination of urinary oxalate by reversed-phase ion-pair "high-performance" liquid chromatography. PMID- 7127775 TI - Liquid-chromatographic measurement of phenylalanine and tyrosine in serum. AB - With phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.5) we converted phenylalanine (Phe) and tyrosine (Tyr) to transcinnamic acid and p-coumaric acid, respectively. These were separated by "high-performance" liquid chromatography and detected at 280 nm. We measured the Phe and Tyr content of human serum by adding 100 mU of the enzyme to a 20-microL serum aliquot, mixing for 2 h at 24 degrees C, then stopping the reaction with 1 mL of cold methanol. Precipitated proteins were removed by centrifugation and the separated clear supernates were stored at -20 degrees C. For chromatographic separation, detection, and quantification, we used a system equipped with a C-18 reversed-phase column, a variable-wavelength spectrophotometer, a printer-plotter, and a microcomputer. The mobile phase was a mixture of dilute aqueous (50 g/L) acetic acid and CH3CN (80/20, by vol). CVs for specimens containing 100 mg of Phe or Tyr per liter varied from 5 to 10%. Analytical recoveries were near 100%. PMID- 7127776 TI - An improved ultrafiltration method for determining free testosterone in serum. AB - In this method, we use the Amicon MPS-1 centrifugal ultrafiltration device and the YMB membrane in measuring free testosterone in serum. Two independent assays are combined: total testosterone and the ultrafiltrable fraction of added [3H]testosterone. The unbound fraction is determined in 0.15-0.5 mL ultrafiltrates of 0.6 to 1 mL of variably diluted serum that has been equilibrated with [3H]testosterone at 37 degrees C. The assay is rapid (less than 1 h), practicable (requires 0.6 mL of serum), and reproducible (CV 3.2% within assay, 3.9% between assays). Accuracy was evaluated as the fraction of free testosterone in the ultrafiltrate of dialyzed serum vs that in a prior dialysate; they were the same confirming the validity of the free testosterone measurement. Samples from ostensibly healthy men and women and from hirsute and pregnant women gave results that agreed with those obtained by equilibrium dialysis. Total testosterone concentrations for normal and hirsute women showed considerable overlap, but data on free testosterone concentrations in these populations were better resolved. PMID- 7127777 TI - Urine contains an inhibitor for turbidimetric determinations of protein. AB - Our examination of urine components separated by gel filtration revealed the presence of an inhibitor that decreases the analytical recovery of protein in a turbidimetric assay involving sulfosalicylic acid as reagent (Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 92: 748, 1956). The apparent relative molecular mass of this inhibitor was in the range 160 000-240 000. A study with purified proteins showed a similar inhibition by gamma-globulin, glycoprotein, and beta-lipoprotein in the assay of albumin by the same turbidimetric method. In contrast, measurement of protein by a dye binding method was not affected by these materials. The low values for apparent urinary protein given by the turbidimetric method as compared with those by the dye-binding method are at least partly ascribable to the inhibitor. PMID- 7127779 TI - Pitfalls in the American Monitor kit methods for determination of total and "direct" bilirubin. AB - We evaluated the American Monitor Corporation kit for total and direct-reacting bilirubin and found that it suffers serious deficiencies, which lead to inaccurate and imprecise results. The main problem with the total-bilirubin procedure is that the short reaction time (2 min) is inadequate for completion of the reaction. The poor precision of the direct-bilirubin method is due to the short reaction time and the inability of the "stabilizer" (hydroxylamine sulfate) to completely destroy the diazo reagent. Depending on when Fehling's reagent is added, the reaction time may vary from 2 min to 7 min. Values for direct bilirubin at 7 min exceed those obtained at 2 min by 17 to 29%. The short reaction time makes color development temperature dependent, an additional source of imprecision. The suboptimal concentration of the diazo reagent results in underestimation of direct-reacting bilirubin. We recommend changes that improve both precision and accuracy of the kit procedures. PMID- 7127778 TI - Evaluation of five enzymic kits for determination of triglyceride concentrations in plasma. AB - We evaluated five commercial enzymic kit methods (methods A-E) for the determination of triglyceride concentrations in plasma, by comparing each with the automated fluorometric procedure of the Lipid Research Clinics Program. Aliquots of 91 to 97 samples were analyzed with each kit and with the comparison method. The results obtained with all five kits were highly correlated with those of the comparison method (r = 0.97-0.99). Group mean triglyceride concentrations as determined with kits A and D did not differ significantly from those assayed with the comparison method. The other three kits gave values 6.5-7.5% higher than those by the comparison method (p less than 0.001). The relative biases between the kit and reference methods did not vary with triglyceride concentration for kits B, D, and E; kits A and C had concentration-dependent biases. Kits D and E were the most nearly precise and had coefficients of variation (CVs) of 3.1% or less. Kit B had CVs of 3.8-4.4%; the remaining two kits had CVs of 5.4-6.7%. On the basis of these results, we judged kits B, D, and E to perform most satisfactorily, from the standpoint of their precision and their concentration independent relationships to the comparison method. PMID- 7127780 TI - Chromium in urine as measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. PMID- 7127781 TI - High-resolution zone electrophoresis, combined with immunofixation, in the detection of an occult myeloma paraprotein. AB - A high-resolution agarose gel electrophoretic technique, coupled with immunofixation, was used to follow paraprotein concentrations retrospectively in a patient with multiple myeloma of nine years' duration. Although the patient's IgA lambda gammopathy "disappeared" shortly after the initiation of therapy, as judged by routine cellulose acetate electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis, high-resolution zone electrophoresis demonstrated a monoclonal band that we identified by immunofixation as the IgA lambda paraprotein. The combination of the two simple, inexpensive, and reliable techniques of high-resolution agarose electrophoresis and immunofixation thereby permitted detection and identification of a myeloma protein in a patient otherwise thought to be in complete remission. We believe this approach is useful in assessing persistent or recurrent disease in patients with a known history of myeloma; this combination of techniques may also prove beneficial in the early diagnosis of multiple myeloma. PMID- 7127782 TI - Creatine kinase BB (CK-BB) and acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7127783 TI - Hyperlipidemia interference in radioimmunoassays. PMID- 7127784 TI - Creatine kinase variants and the aca. PMID- 7127785 TI - Improved sample extraction before liquid chromatography of prednisone and prednisolone in human serum. PMID- 7127787 TI - Drug interference in turbidimetry and colorimetry of proteins in urine. PMID- 7127786 TI - Interference with measurements of certain drugs in plasma by a plasticizer in vacutainer tubes. PMID- 7127789 TI - Errors in describing errors. PMID- 7127788 TI - Determination of deferoxamine chelated iron. PMID- 7127791 TI - Analytical and biological variability of serum creatinine and creatinine clearance: implications for clinical interpretation. PMID- 7127790 TI - Serum glucose phosphate isomerase and ornithine carbamoyltransferase activities are increased in women taking contraceptive steroids. PMID- 7127792 TI - Effect of various sample-handling conditions on radioassay results. PMID- 7127793 TI - Variant creatine kinase isoenzyme band induced by glycine. PMID- 7127794 TI - Siliconized vs nonsiliconized evaluated blood-collection tubes for free thyroxin measurements. PMID- 7127795 TI - Liposyn interference with neonatal bilirubin measurements. PMID- 7127796 TI - Normal range for glucose in urine: age-related changes. PMID- 7127797 TI - Effect of fluorescein on clinical laboratory tests. PMID- 7127798 TI - Stability of radioimmunoassayable steroid and protein hormones after repeated freeze-thaw cycles. PMID- 7127799 TI - Identification of ampicillin, amoxicillin, and gentamicin in amino acid chromatograms. PMID- 7127800 TI - Fourteenth Annual Symposium on Advanced Analytical Concepts for the Clinical Laboratory. Proceedings. PMID- 7127801 TI - Release tags: a new class of analytical reagents. AB - Release tags are novel compounds made up of three molecular groups: "signal," "release," and "reactivity." The signal group is the detected part of the tag, the release group provides a site for specific covalent cleavage, and the reactivity group attaches the tag to a substance of interest. The general purpose of release tags is to function as molecular labels, analogous to radioisotopes. Release tags also extend the applicability of gas-phase electrophores as signal groups to the analysis of nonvolatile substances. These electrophores are measured with high sensitivity and specificity by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection (GC-ECD). Because extensive multiplicity is potentially available with GC-ECD electrophores, many analogous but distinctive release tags can be used simultaneously as labels in a given assay. In this paper, we use N-pentafluorobenzoylmethionylglycine-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester, our first GC-ECD release tag, to determine thyroxin in serum by a method called "labeling analysis," which involves the principle of isotope-derivative analysis. PMID- 7127802 TI - An innovative technology for "random-access" sampling. AB - A major instrumental limitation to rapid, "random-access" clinical analysis has been cross-contamination at sampling and reagent probes. Use of an immiscible, nonreactive fluid as a positive barrier between the liquid sample and reagent and the interior and exterior surfaces of their respective probes provides an inert, deformable surface that both prevents carryover and ensures accurate delivery. Being totally nonreactive under clinical chemistry conditions, the fluid does not affect the ensuing analysis. Application of this technology to the Technicon RA 1000 (trademark of Technicon Instruments Corp.) system allows transfer of a liquid sample and any of 14 liquid reagents to the reaction vessel with a carryover of less than 1/10(6) with a precision (CV) of 0.5%. Its use provides for a rapid analysis rate of 240 tests per hour, and for transfer of microliter quantities of serum, with carryover of less than 1/8000, again at an average CV of 0.5%. PMID- 7127804 TI - On-line direct liquid introduction interface for micro-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry: application to drug analysis. AB - We describe an integrated micro-liquid chromatograph/mass spectrometer (micro LC/MS) system capable of performing routine determinations for 1--10 ng of drugs and their metabolites extracted from biological fluids. The micro-LC is constructed from conventional "high-performance" liquid-chromatographic instrumentation by using commercially available components. The mass spectrometer is operated in the chemical ionization mode. The direct liquid introduction micro LC/MS interface can be constructed from commercially available materials. Chromatographic and mass spectral results demonstrate the ability of the micro-LC and micro-LC/MS system to separate and determine multiple components in standards of trace concentrations and in equine urinary extracts. The stability and sensitivity of this micro-LC/MS system are demonstrated through determinations of trichlormethiazide. PMID- 7127806 TI - A computer-based maintenance reminder and record-keeping system for clinical laboratories. AB - "Maintenance" is all the activity an organization devotes to keeping instruments within performance specifications to assure accurate and precise operation. The increasing use of complex analytical instruments as "workhorses" in clinical laboratories requires more maintenance awareness by laboratory personnel. Record keeping systems that document maintenance completion and that should prompt the continued performance of maintenance tasks have not kept up with instrumentation development. We report here a computer-based record-keeping and reminder system that lists weekly the maintenance items due for each work station in the laboratory, including the time required to complete each item. Written in BASIC, the system uses a DATABOSS data base management system running on a time-shared Digital Equipment Corporation PDP 11/60 computer with a RSTS V 7.0 operating system. PMID- 7127807 TI - Organic electrochemical techniques having potential clinical application. AB - The Organic Electrochemistry Group at the National Bureau of Standards is pursuing several avenues of research of potential application to problems of clinical chemists. With one development, electrochemical detectors for liquid chromatography, organomercury species can be determined in biological tissues and other matrices. Spectroelectrochemistry is being used to characterize the redox behavior of metal complexes of bleomycin, an antitumor drug. Chemically modified electrodes are being developed as selective electrocatalytic sensors for organohalogen compounds and may lead to new sensors for clinically important analytes. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy is helping characterize the polymer films used to modify the electrode surfaces. Another sensor is being developed for the detection of carboxylic acids: after the photocatalytic oxidation of the acids at a semiconductor electrode, the carbon dioxide produced is subsequently determined with a flow-through gas-sensing electrode. Finally, mathematical modeling may provide a better understanding of the fundamental processes involved in several of the above techniques. PMID- 7127805 TI - Automated intelligent microscopy (AIM) and its potential application in the clinical laboratory. AB - The microscope is the most ubiquitous instrument in the clinical laboratory. We discuss improvements in its use, in terms of "front-end" automation of specimen handling and "back-end" automation of image analysis: automated intelligent microscopy. Examples of spatial and spectral differentiation illustrate the potential of this automated version of microscopy as a useful tool with very powerful analytical capabilities for the clinical laboratory. PMID- 7127803 TI - Potential clinical applications of photoacoustics. AB - Photoacoustic spectroscopy offers the opportunity for extending the exact science of noninvasive spectral analysis to intact medical substances such as tissues. Thermal-wave imaging offers the potential for microscopic imaging of thermal features in biological matter. PMID- 7127808 TI - Relationship between direct-potentiometric and flame-photometric measurement of sodium in blood. AB - The relationship between direct-potentiometric and flame-photometric measurements of sodium has been studied in human sera and other, simpler systems. When water content was varied by using an inert substance (silica), de-ionized sera, or de ionized individual proteins, the percentage that the flame photometric values were of the direct potentiometric Na+ values was identical to the measured water content. However, in 35 patients the percentage of Na+ values was 99.1% and the water content was 92.0%, a discrepancy of 7.1%. De-ionization of sera removed this discrepancy, apparently because of the lower pH of the de-ionized sera. The percentage of flame-photometric to direct-potentiometric Na+ values varied as a function of pH in pooled sera; in lyophilized and reconstituted sera; and in de ionized, lyophilized, and reconstituted sera. Four explanations for the discrepancy between the percentage of Na+ values and the water content are discussed: a calibration problem, a measurement artifact, Na+ binding, and water binding. At this time there are no definitive data concerning which explanation is correct. We expect that our finding of a pH dependency for the percentage of measured Na+ values can be used to develop model systems to elucidate the mechanism producing the discrepancy between the percentage of Na+ values and the water content. PMID- 7127809 TI - Establishing the direct-potentiometric "normal" range for Na/K: residual liquid junction potential and activity coefficient effects. AB - The observed reference ranges for sodium and potassium as determined by direct potentiometry vary from instrument to instrument, depending on the composition of the calibration standards. To resolve the existing confusion as to which reference intervals are most appropriately considered "normal," we propose a straightforward convention (based on plasma-water concentration units) in which the difference between direct (undiluted sample) and indirect (diluted sample) methodologies is accounted for by the volume displacement effect of proteins, lipids, and other dissolved substances in a typical plasma sample. Thus, the proposed reference intervals for sodium and potassium are approximately 7% greater by direct potentiometry than by procedures involving dilution. Data consistent with this convention can be obtained with a variety of aqueous-based calibrants, provided care is taken to minimize the errors resulting from activity coefficient and liquid junction potential effects. Additional experimental results are presented to show that these effects also account for the apparent suppression of the sodium ion concentration observed in the presence of bicarbonate ion. PMID- 7127810 TI - Development of a multichannel electrochemical centrifugal analyzer. AB - A new instrument has been developed that is similar in design and concept to the GeMSAEC centrifugal analyzer (Oak Ridge National Laboratory) except that electrochemical detection is used rather than optical detection. The present version has eight channels, each with its own detector. Problems of speed control and sampling synchronization are greatly minimized from those of a multichannel centrifugal analyzer having a single detector system. All eight sample compartments and polarographic cells are contained in a single Teflon rotor, 7.7 cm in diameter. The working electrodes are planar carbon electrodes. The initial application of the analyzer is in kinetic methods involving the rates of enzyme catalyzed reactions. The initial system chosen was the glucose oxidase system. When the rotor is spun, the solution moves into the sample cell and up against the planar working electrode. The reaction starts and current is measured as a function of time at a constant applied voltage. The current output from each polarographic circuit is connected to a separate channel of a multiplexed analog to-digital converter. The analyzer is controlled by a dedicated microcomputer system, which sets the polarographic cell voltages, collects the current-time data, and calculates the results. PMID- 7127811 TI - An electrochemical assay system for peroxidase and peroxidase-couplers reactions based on a fluoride ion-selective electrode. AB - A sensitive and accurate potentiometric reaction-rate method for the assay of peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) and peroxidase-coupled reactions is described. The technique is based on the peroxidase-catalyzed rupture of the covalent C--F bond in certain organo-fluoro compounds in the presence of H2O2 and the measurement of liberated F- by a fluoride ion-selective electrode. In a study screening 26 organo-fluoro compounds, 12 were susceptible to C--F bond rupture. However, analytically useful reaction kinetics were observed only with 4-fluoroaniline, 5 fluor-2-methylaniline, 4-fluorophenol, 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenol, pentafluorophenol, and 3-fluoro-DL-tyrosine. With this assay system, peroxidase activity as low as 25 mU/L could be precisely measured within 2 min. The reaction was coupled to glucose oxidase and cholesterol oxidase for the determination of glucose and cholesterol. Glucose oxidase activity in solution (to 2 U/L) was measured to demonstrate the feasibility of the assay for oxidase enzymes. Only a few microliters of sample is required and most determinations can be completed within minutes. The assay system offers broad applications and is especially attractive for use in enzyme immunoassays. PMID- 7127812 TI - Electrochemical investigation of hapten-antibody interactions by differential pulse polarography. AB - The binding of electroactively labeled estriol with estrogen-specific antibody and its subsequent displacement by unlabeled estriol have been monitored by differential pulse polarography. Estriol was found to be electro-inactive in the potential range -200 mV to -1000 mV vs a silver/silver chloride electrode. Estriol labeled in the 2 and 4 position with nitro groups was electroactive, giving two reduction waves at -422 mV and -481 mV vs a silver/silver chloride electrode. The peak current was linear with concentration over the range 60 micrograms/L to 3.7 mg/L. The addition of aliquots of estrogen-specific antibody reduced the peak current proportionately, indicating the binding of ligand to specific antibody. Subsequent addition of unlabeled estriol produced incremental increases in peak reduction current, indicating competitive and reversible binding of the two ligands for the antibody. Separation of bound from free labeled hapten was not necessary because reduction of the antibody-bound labeled estriol is attenuated at the electrode. PMID- 7127815 TI - Atypical serum creatine kinase MM and myeloma during dermatomyositis. PMID- 7127817 TI - Interference with the YSI glucose analyzer: a comment from the manufacturer. PMID- 7127813 TI - Serum creatine kinase and corticosteroids. PMID- 7127814 TI - Potential interference with the Technicon SMAC triglyceride measurement, as illustrated by metronidazole. PMID- 7127816 TI - Cefoxitin interference with serum creatinine measurement varies with the assay system. PMID- 7127818 TI - Estimating biological variation in diagnostic tests. PMID- 7127819 TI - Interference of "intralipid" with measurement of total serum proteins in the DuPont aca is removed by trichlorofluoromethane. PMID- 7127823 TI - Interference in the proposed selected method for determination of theophylline by liquid chromatography. PMID- 7127821 TI - Production of lactate by aerobic bacteria. PMID- 7127822 TI - Quantitative electrodialytic separation of ions from whole blood before analysis. PMID- 7127820 TI - Quantification of short-chain fatty acids in plasma. PMID- 7127826 TI - Further evidence for the importance of inter-sample air compression as a source of error in a continuous-flow (Technicon SMAC) system. PMID- 7127824 TI - Discrepant results for free thyroxin by radioimmunoassay and dialysis procedures explained. PMID- 7127825 TI - Performance studies with reagent concentrates for SMAC. PMID- 7127827 TI - Enzymatic assays for urea nitrogen and uric acid on the Cobas Bio centrifugal analyzer. PMID- 7127829 TI - Cathodal creatine kinase band, a poor prognostic sign in malignancy. PMID- 7127828 TI - Removal of labile glycosylated hemoglobin to correct for fluctuations in hemoglobin A1 measurement by column chromatography. PMID- 7127830 TI - Lability of lactate dehydrogenase activity in ethylene glycol-treated pooled serum, and the stabilizing effect of glycerol. PMID- 7127831 TI - Concentration of ammonium hydroxide is critical in chromatographic solvents for amniotic fluid phospholipids. PMID- 7127832 TI - False increases of beta-subunit choriogonadotropin in commercial kit results because of cross reactivity with lutropin. PMID- 7127833 TI - Serum catalase enzyme activity in acute pancreatitis. PMID- 7127834 TI - Do some commonly measured serum enzyme activities correlate with the extent of metastatic tumor involvement of the liver? PMID- 7127835 TI - Lithium interference with potentiometric sodium determination. PMID- 7127836 TI - Immunoassay of blood spot TSH; development of a rapid two-site immunoradiometric assay and comparison with radioimmunoassay as a screening method for neonatal hypothyroidism. AB - The development of a two-site immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) for thyrotropin (TSH) eluted from dried blood filter paper discs is described and compared with a conventional TSH radioimmunoassay (RIA) as a screening procedure for neonatal hypothyroidism. The iodinated antibody for the IRMA is prepared by a reproducible four step procedure. Specific antibody is selected from whole TSH antiserum with TSH covalently linked to microparticulate cellulose, iodinated as the solid phase antigen-antibody complex, and eluted by repeated changes in pH from 3 to 10. The pooled eluted material is finally purified by Sepharose 6-B gel chromatography to recover labelled monomeric anti-TSH IgG. Solid phase antibody for the IRMA is prepared by covalently linking a partially purified IgG fraction of TSH antiserum to carbonyldiimidazole-activated microparticulate cellulose. Typically yields of 2-3 mg protein per 100 mg cellulose (2-3%, w/w) are obtained. The two-site IRMA involves a primary incubation of excess labelled TSH antibody and the blood disc for 16-18 h at pH 8 and a secondary 3 h incubation under agitation, with solid phase TSH antibody. Bound and free fractions are separated by a semi-automated washing procedure. Compared with the conventional RIA, the two-site IRMA is quicker (results available within 24 h compared to 3 days for RIA), more precise at clinically important TSH levels (25-30 mU TSH/l), and more sensitive (detection limit less than w mU/l compared to 6 mU/l for RIA). The two-site IRMA is technically simpler than RIA and has proved rugged in routine practice. TSH levels in filter paper blood spots prepared from whole blood with levels of standard TSH (MRC 68/38) within the range 6 to 200 mU/l, correlated well in both assays (r = 0.969). Recoveries of 98% and 104% were demonstrated for the two-site IRMA and RIA, respectively. It is concluded that the two-site TSH IRMA has advantages over conventional RIA in speed, sensitivity, precision and ruggedness and can be recommended as an efficient screening procedure for neonatal hypothyroidism. PMID- 7127838 TI - Heterogeneity of the antigens related to the aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen in human serum. AB - Inhibition curves that are considerably less steep than the reference peptide curve are a constant finding when human serum samples are studied with the radioimmunoassay for the aminoterminal propeptide Col 1-3 of type III procollagen. This is due to the presence in the serum of three main peptide forms which differ in their antigenic properties and can be separated by gel filtration. Their molecular sizes are, respectively, larger than, equal to and smaller than the peptide Col 1-3. The proportions of these forms were different in a number of serum samples tested. An elevated value in the Col 1-3 radioimmunoassay need not reflect increased deposition of type III collagen in the liver, but could also be due to increased degradation of a newly-synthesized type III procollagen or degradation of a tissue form still containing the aminoterminal propeptide. This should be considered when interpreting elevated serum values. PMID- 7127839 TI - Purification, characterization and development of radioimmunoassay of human liver ribonuclease. AB - Human liver ribonuclease (RNase) was purified 36000-fold into an electrophoretically homogeneous state by column chromatography on phosphocellulose, gel filtration, poly(G) affinity chromatography, and heparin affinity chromatography. The molecular weight of the RNase estimated by SDS disc electrophoresis was 19,500. RNase was a heat- and pH-stable protein, and optimum activity was obtained at pH 7.0. The radioimmunoassay (RIA) for human liver RNase has been developed and the assay was shown to be sensitive (20 ng/ml), reproducible and specific. A good parallel relationship was observed between the standard curve and the dilution curves for serum and urine. No cross-activity was demonstrated between human liver and pancreatic RNase (less than 1%). In 44 normal subjects, the mean serum concentration of liver RNase determined by the RIA was found to be 99.4 ng/ml (SD +/- 66.3). PMID- 7127837 TI - The effect of ibuprofen on the excretion of steroid metabolites. AB - An inexpensive gas chromatographic method is described that allows simultaneous measurement in urine of androsterone (A), aetiocholanolone (E), 11 hydroxyandrosterone (11-OA), 11-hydroxyaetiocholanolone (11-OE), pregnanediol (PD), pregnanetriol (PT), tetrahydrocortisone (THE) and tetrahydrocortisol (THF). Dehydroepiandrosterone was also resolved by the column. Ibuprofen was administered to five healthy normal males at a dose used therapeutically in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The above urinary steroids were measured weekly during a control period, during a four week period of drug treatment and for four weeks after drug treatment had ceased. The excretion of A fell to a mean of 63% of the control value (p less than 0.02) and returned to the control value within two weeks. 11-OA, which showed a greater variability than A, fell to the same extent (p less than 0.1). No other steroid measured showed a change that could be related to the drug. This relatively limited effect of ibuprofen on steroid metabolism makes it a suitable drug for maintaining patients with RA during studies of their steroid metabolism. PMID- 7127840 TI - A simple method for determination of plasma and urinary biotin. AB - Measurement of biotin in plasma and urine has been stimulated by recent descriptions of inborn errors of biotin metabolism and by newly recognized causes of biotin deficiency. Biotin determination in physiologic fluids to document these conditions has been hindered by lack of a widely useable assay. This paper presents a method which employs tritium-labelled biotin, avidin, and nitrocellulose filters to measure urinary and plasma biotin in a rapid and simple manner. PMID- 7127841 TI - A radioimmunoassay of an iodinated fraction of thyroglobulin: mean serum concentration in the euthyroid human. PMID- 7127842 TI - The value of [14C]phenyl acetic dipalmitate (PADP) as a test for maldigestion. AB - [14C]phenyl acetic dipalmitate (PADP) was prepared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Upon incubation with lipase it was hydrolyzed into phenyl acetic acid and monoglycerides. Phenyl acetic acid is not metabolized by the body and is quantitatively excreted in urine. When tested in rats there was no tissue deposition of the 14C label in any of the organs studied. There was also no evidence of absorption from the colon. The newly prepared compound was evaluated in 15 human volunteers and 24 patients with chronic pancreatitis and compared to fecal fat and D-xylose. Normal volunteers had a urinary excretion of 34.5 +/- 6.4% of the administered 14C label in 5 h. Both fecal fat and PADP were abnormal in 16 of 20 patients with chronic pancreatitis. They were both normal in two, while in two other patients fecal fat was normal and PADP abnormal. Both of the latter patients had clinical evidence of steatorrhea but reduced oral intake due to pain. D-xylose was abnormal in five patients presumably due to bacterial overgrowth. Our findings indicate that PADP is a simple, accurate and rapid test for pancreatic function; is not dependent on fat intake and may be run concomitantly with D-xylose. PMID- 7127843 TI - A methodological comparison of hydride and carbon furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy for the determination of selenium in serum. AB - Two methods based on different chemical and physical principles for the determination of selenium in serum are elaborated, evaluated and compared--the hydride atomic absorption (AAS) technique and the carbon furnace technique. For the hydride AAS technique a wet destruction method is described. The sensitivity of the method is 10 micrograms Se/1. The carbon furnace technique makes use of the fact that selenium forms refractory selenides when nickel compounds are added. The sensitivity of the carbon furnace technique is 11 micrograms Se/1. The determination of selenium in serum by the hydride AAS and carbon furnace technique correlates satisfactorily (correlation coefficient 0.94; mean value for the hydride AAS 69.1 micrograms Se/1; mean value for the carbon furnace 67.4 micrograms Se/1) indicating that with the carbon furnace technique total selenium (inorganic and organic) is determined. A reference range was established with 99 persons (42 men and 57 women) which show an average selenium content in serum of 80.55 (SD 13.78) micrograms Se/1 [1.02 (0.17) mumol Se/1]. PMID- 7127844 TI - Predictive values of serum N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase for fibrotic liver disorders--correlation with monoamine oxidase activity. PMID- 7127845 TI - Clinical studies of plasma PGF2 alpha M, the circulating prostaglandin F2 alpha metabolite. AB - Plasma concentrations of 13,14,dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin F2 alpha were measured (1) serially in six healthy young adults over 24-25 h; (2) in 62 male and 61 female subjects aged 3 to 64 years; (3) before and after a 12-h volley ball marathon in eight players and eight controls, and (4) in 41 geriatric in patients aged 65 years and over. There was a small diurnal variation in plasma PGF2 alpha M concentration, levels being highest around 08.00 to 09.00 h. Concentrations did not change with age in fit subjects up to 64 years. Significantly increased concentrations were found in elderly sick patients, high levels in men being associated most often with pulmonary symptoms. Concentrations were not increased significantly by 12 h of competitive sport. PMID- 7127847 TI - On the storage, transport, and extraction of serum lipids for the gas chromatographic analysis of the fatty acid fraction. PMID- 7127846 TI - Prealbumin content of cerebrospinal fluid and sera in persons with multiple sclerosis. AB - The prealbumin content of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) was determined. Prealbumin was determined, quantitatively in unconcentrated CSF and serum by Laurell's rocket immunoelectrophoresis. The values of serum prealbumin content were normal. An increased prealbumin content was found in the CSF of patients. With other laboratory examinations, the increased CSF prealbumin content may contribute to the diagnosis of MS. PMID- 7127848 TI - Joint Review Committee on Education in Electroencephalographic Technology. PMID- 7127849 TI - Brainstem auditory evoked potential recording in patients with epilepsy. AB - The brain stem auditory evoked potential (BSAEP) was recorded in 32 normal control subjects and 81 epileptic patients. Statistically significant differences in regard to sex and laterality of ear stimulated were found to exist in both groups. The epileptic patients also had significantly longer latencies for all wave components and interwaves I-III as well as I-IV than the normal controls. There were no differences in regard to interwave latency III-V. Clinically significant latency prolongations (more than three standard deviations from the norm) were encountered especially in regard to waves I and III. Correlations of wave and interwave latencies with a large variety of clinical variables showed that statistically significant relationships existed mainly in regard to presence or absence of brain damage and the severity of the seizure disorder, as expressed by the number of different seizure types to which a given patient was subject. Waves II and III showed the most consistent latency prolongations for these variables. Anticonvulsant medication levels did affect wave latencies, but apart from Primidone, it involved waves IV through VII rather than II and III. Carbamazepine levels were related to prolongation of I-III interwave latency. It is concluded that severely brain-damaged epileptic patients have demonstrable brain stem dysfunction affecting mainly the medullo-pontine rather than midbrain or thalamic structures. PMID- 7127850 TI - An animal model for investigating the clinical utility of somatosensory evoked potentials. PMID- 7127851 TI - A particular evolution of two cases of somatosensory spike epilepsy. AB - "Somatosensory spike epilepsy" is still little known, except in highly specialized places, because of two factors: 1) it is rare (the incidence in our experience is one case in 1,000 new EEGs); 2) the evoked spikes, that constitute the first sign for the evolution of the syndrome, are not systematically sought, and many months can pass before finding one "positive" cases. The evolution of a "positive" case towards epilepsy is represented by a 15% possibility. In this report we present two unique cases of this syndrome; they are of interest because they constitute the first such cases in the literature and also because of the neurophysiological problems that they reveal. The cases are represented by an eight year old girl and by an eleven year old boy, who suffered from the typical form of "sensitive spike epilepsy" characterized by its classical evolution in four stages, with a clinical phase of about one year. Two years after the cessation of previous seizures, they presented a new "bouffee" of partial motor seizures. The EEG abnormalities were in the parietal parasagittal region the first time, while they were situated in the temporoparietal region in the second time. The somatosensory spikes were evoked from the foot the first time and from the fingers the second time. In the second case the trigger zones were only on the left side of the body. PMID- 7127852 TI - The electroencephalographer as expert witness in the courtroom. PMID- 7127854 TI - The metabolic effects of PTH. PMID- 7127853 TI - Hyperparathyroidism due to a cystic parathyroid adenoma after irradiation of the neck. AB - A 48-year-old female with hypercalcaemia diagnosed 3 years prior to admission is described. The patient underwent x-ray therapy of the neck for keloid scars 35 years prior to the diagnosis of hypercalcaemia. The hypercalcaemia was found to be the result of primary hyperparathyroidism. A cystic parathyroid adenoma was identified during surgery and was, on microscopic examination, composed of oxyphil cells rich in mitochondria. The cystic fluid contained 360 times higher C terminal PTH than peripheral serum and almost 4000 times higher PTH as intact 1 84 amino acid residue species. We concluded that previous X-ray irradiation was related to the pathogenesis of the patient's parathyroid adenoma. The mild nature of the patient's hyperparathyroidism was possibly related to the composition of the tumour of oxyphil cells, known to be a poorly functioning variant of the parathyroid cell. Since parathyroid 'cysts' are obviously necrotic parathyroid adenomas, aspiration of the cysts alone cannot be expected to be curative and, therefore, it is recommended to treat cystic parathyroid adenomas by surgical extirpation. PMID- 7127855 TI - [Thyrotropin regulation of polyamine biosynthesis in the thyroid]. PMID- 7127856 TI - [Case of Cushing's disease with pituitary chromophobe adenoma probably triggered by cerebral angiography and craniotomy]. PMID- 7127857 TI - [Case of Cushing's syndrome due to bilateral adrenocortical multinodular hyperplasia associated with cholecystolithiasis]. PMID- 7127858 TI - [Serum amino acid dynamics in hyper- and hypoinsulinism--with special reference to branched chain amino acids]. PMID- 7127859 TI - [Determinations of serum ferritin concentration in various diseases and its clinical significance]. PMID- 7127860 TI - [Evaluation of a glucagon determination kit (Dai-ichi)--use of benzamidine instead of aprotinin as a proteolytic inhibitor]. PMID- 7127862 TI - [Application of artificial endocrine pancreas. - Improvement in insulin secretory ability and normalization of metabolic and endocrine disorders in diabetic subjects]. PMID- 7127861 TI - [Direct urinary steroid determination using SPAC Cortisol Kit]. PMID- 7127864 TI - [Effect of diet therapy on insulin specific binding and insulin sensitivity in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7127865 TI - [Epidemiological studies on goiters in Kinan district in Wakayama prefecture]. PMID- 7127863 TI - [Effects of exercise therapy in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)]. PMID- 7127866 TI - [Gonadotropin inhibiting substance separated from mammalian ovaries]. PMID- 7127867 TI - [Study on glucagon radioimmunoassay by using glucagon kit "Daiichi"]. PMID- 7127868 TI - [Fundamental and clinical evaluation of IMMO phase free T4 radioimmunoassay kit]. PMID- 7127869 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of serum free thyroxine with microencapsulation system--its clinical use]. PMID- 7127872 TI - Sleep apnoea. PMID- 7127870 TI - [Determination of serum FT4 by free thyroxine radioimmunoassay kit (CIS)]. PMID- 7127871 TI - [Radioimmunoassay kit using polyethyleneglycol to separate free and antibody bound C-peptide and its clinical application]. PMID- 7127873 TI - Calculation of hearing results after tympanoplasty. AB - At present there is no universally accepted method for calculating hearing results after chronic ear surgery. In this study the methods most frequently used have been applied to a material of 105 tympanoplasties and compared to each other. In addition a comparison between pre- and post-operative bone conductions (BC) thresholds for calculating post-operative air-bone gaps has been performed using multiple regression analysis. The results lend support to the conclusion that BC thresholds will improve with surgery in successful cases and that the post-operative BC threshold is a closer approximation of the cochlear function than the pre-operative one and consequently should be used for gap calculations. However, until the masking procedures in audiometry are standardized, hearing gain may be regarded as the most satisfactory alternative for describing hearing results as it is based on the air conduction thresholds only. This method requires a careful description of pre-operative air and bone conduction thresholds. PMID- 7127874 TI - Salivary calculi as an aetiological factor in chronic sialadenitis of the submandibular gland. AB - During 1960-1975, 115 submandibular glands were removed for reasons other than neoplasia at the Ear, Nose and Throat department, Karolinska sjukhuset, Stockholm. The material was retrospectively analysed with regard to clinical and histopathological findings. The patients, 62 men and 52 women aged 13-77 years, exhibited in all cases but one a chronic sialadenitis. Salivary calculi were found in 82% of the patients. In one patient a mucous retention cyst was found. Microscopically some cases exhibited only a slight periductal inflammation, while others showed a complete destruction of the gland architecture. The duration of symptoms of the whole group before surgery varied from 1 week to 55 years but with a median value of almost 1 year. The conclusion of this study is that salivary calculus is the most important indication for removal of submandibular gland, for reasons other than neoplasia. PMID- 7127875 TI - Temporomandibular joint dysfunction in children presenting as otalgia. AB - Thirty-one children between the ages of 6 and 16 years with otalgia but normal eardrums were investigated for temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Ear disease was excluded by microscopic examination, pure tone audiometry and impedance tympanometry. Dental disease was excluded by clinical and radiographic examination. Temporomandibular joint dysfunction was diagnosed by finding tenderness of the joint or masticatory muscles in at least two separate sites at one examination. Twenty-one patients were assessed as having joint dysfunction and in 18 of these the diagnosis was made when the child was seen in pain. Tympanometry on painful ears did not reveal any abnormality or trend in the values for compliance or middle ear pressure. Simple methods of treatment were effective in all cases. Temporomandibular joint dysfunction should be suspected in any child who complains of recurrent otalgia in the absence of dental and otological disease. PMID- 7127876 TI - Schwannoma of the neck. AB - Sixteen cases of schwannomata of the neck were included in this study. Clinical and pathological features were analysed. Pre-operative diagnosis was always difficult and was achieved in only three cases. The lesion should be suspected whenever examining the neck for a solitary swelling of long standing. Schwannomata of the cervical vagus or sympathetic chain usually bulge into the pharynx and present as parapharyngeal tumours. Neurological deficits were absolutely absent in our cases. Every attempt should be exerted to spare the involved nerve even on the expense of leaving behind a part of the tumour which is definitely benign and having practically no tendency for malignant change. PMID- 7127877 TI - A note on progression of the otosclerotic focus. AB - One thousand and thirteen consecutive patients in South Australia with stapedial fixation from otosclerosis were classified by duration of deafness, age at onset and degree of footplate pathology to determine whether there is an orderly progression in severity of the oval window lesion with duration of symptoms. The conclusions drawn were as follows. (1) An early age of onset of clinical otosclerosis, during the period of skeletal growth, dramatically increases the chance of contracting a fulminating lesion with severe and diffuse involvement of the stapedial footplate or obliteration of the oval window niche. (2) A late age of onset of clinical otosclerosis tends to be associated with lesions of the stapes footplate that are limited to the anterior pole, and there is good evidence that the lesion tends to remain stable or to progress only very slowly. (3) The case for a regular and orderly pathological progression of the otosclerotic lesion through various patterns of severity from minor to major degrees of footplate pathology is not established by the data; nor is it convincingly refuted. It is clear that if a pathological progression of the lesion does take place it must be at vastly different rates for different individuals. PMID- 7127881 TI - Hyperphalangy and clinodactyly of the index finger with Pierre Robin anomaly: Catel-Manzke syndrome. A case report and review of the literature. PMID- 7127878 TI - Possible inactivation of part of chromosome 13 due to 13qXp translocation associated with retinoblastoma. AB - Chromosome examination of a female patient with 13/X translocation associated with retinoblastoma was carried out using peripheral blood lymphocytes and cultured skin fibroblasts. The constitutional karyotype was 46,X,t(13;X) (q12;p22). Q-banding analysis showed that the translocated chromosomes were of paternal origin. Studies on DNA replication pattern with Giemsa banding using the bromodeoxyuridine substitution technique revealed that the derivative X chromosome was late replicating, and the translocated chromosome 13 was affected by the spreading of lyonization. Such a functional monosomy of 13q14 may also be involved in retinal blasts, and be related to the development of retinoblastoma. PMID- 7127879 TI - X-chromosomes attached by their long arm: case report and replication kinetics of the rearranged X-chromosome. PMID- 7127880 TI - Hyperexplexia: an inherited disorder of the startle response. AB - A family is presented with hyperexplexia, a rare autosomal dominant neurological disorder. Affected individuals manifest flexor hypertonia and hypokinesia during infancy. Later and throughout life, the condition is characterized by exaggerated involuntary myoclonic startle reactions, which on occasion result in falling. There are also marked nocturnal myoclonic jerks. Many family members have had congenital hip dislocations and inguinal hernias. Pre- and postnatal hypertonia is proposed as the cause for these problems. The nature and location of central nervous system dysfunction in hyperexplexia was investigated using electroencephalographic and brainstem-evoked response techniques. A dysfunction of cortical inhibition of the brainstem-mediated startle response is discussed as a possible pathogenic mechanism. Accurate diagnosis of this disorder is important in order to provide appropriate counseling and to initiate effective treatment. PMID- 7127882 TI - Quantitative identification of banded human chromosomes. PMID- 7127884 TI - Genital herpes. PMID- 7127883 TI - Genital candidosis. PMID- 7127885 TI - Genital warts-recent advances. PMID- 7127887 TI - Abnormalities in the alternative pathway of complement in psoriasis. PMID- 7127886 TI - Generalized cold urticaria: detection of heat-sensitive passive transfer substance active at moderate temperature. PMID- 7127889 TI - The management of lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, lichen sclerosus and dermatomyositis. PMID- 7127888 TI - Outcome of treatment of venous stasis ulcers. PMID- 7127891 TI - Investigation and management of cutaneous arterial insufficiency of the extremities. PMID- 7127892 TI - Cutaneous lymphomatoid granulomatosis. PMID- 7127893 TI - Rothmund-Thomson syndrome and malignant disease. PMID- 7127894 TI - An inherited nail dystrophy principally affecting the great toe nails: further observations. PMID- 7127890 TI - The management of the consequences of chronic venous stasis. PMID- 7127897 TI - Tonsillar IgE plasma cells predict atopic disease. PMID- 7127895 TI - Reduced lymphocyte colony formation with age. AB - The lymphocyte colony forming ability of 83 normal healthy individuals aged 17-89 was studied. The total lymphocyte count did not alter with age, but there was a decline in the colony forming ability of cells from people with increasing age (r = -0.68, P less than 0.001). This age related defect was further investigated in 11 mixing experiments using paired young and old individuals. It was found that the defect in aged individuals was due primarily to a defect in the number and/or proliferative ability of the colony forming cell. PMID- 7127896 TI - Impairment of graft versus host reactivity in pregnant mice. AB - The popliteal lymph node (PLN) assay for graft versus host (GVH) reactivity has been used to analyse specific features associated with the immunological aspects of the materno-fetal relationship. GVH responses induced following the injection of maternal lymphocytes into F1 hybrid recipients is a particularly relevant model for testing the cellular reactivity of maternal lymphocytes against F1 hybrid determinants since every allogeneic pregnancy could initiate a naturally occurring mother versus F1 allograft reaction. Experiments monitored sequentially the effects of the pregnancy environment and multiparity on maternal cell mediated immunity. The PLN assay performed within the confines of pregnant F1 hosts indicated that GVH reactivity was significantly suppressed during the mid and late stages of gestation with suppression being greatest in allogeneic combinations. In addition cells obtained from pregnant donors were less efficient than normal cells at GVH induction when transferred to virgin F1 recipients. The suppressive effect was maximal at mid-gestation; however, in this situation, the genotype of the paternal strain had no significant effect on the degree of immunosuppression observed. Multiparity in allogeneic combinations induced anti paternal humoral immunity but an equivalent increase in GVH reactivity was not detected. These results support the concept of pregnancy-associated suppression of cell-mediated immunity. The nature of the suppressive effect is discussed. PMID- 7127898 TI - Evaluation of aggregated IgG in mice as an Fc receptor specific probe of the hepatic mononuclear phagocyte system. AB - In experimental models of immune complex diseases the hepatic mononuclear phagocyte system removes circulating immune complexes (CIC) by interaction with Fc receptors, and the spleen has a relatively insignificant role in this function. We have used heat-aggregated human IgG (AHGG) to detect altered hepatic mononuclear phagocyte system activity in an acute immune complex model in mice in order to evaluate its suitability for possible use in humans. Immune complexes inhibited the clearance of AHGG, as a function of the dose and of the time after injection of complexes. The delayed clearance resulted from decreased hepatic uptake of the AHGG. Alterations in the comparatively small splenic uptake of AHGG did not correlate with changes in the clearance or the hepatic uptake that were produced by the complexes. Studies with Rose Bengal showed that the complexes caused a small but definite decrease in hepatic blood flow. Immune complexes also inhibited the clearance and hepatic uptake of aggregated mouse albumin and aggregated ovalbumin. The aggregated albumins, however, were cleared very rapidly, indicating high extraction ratios, so their clearance was more affected by the decreased blood flow than the clearance of AHGG. We conclude that a small dose of AHGG is a sensitive probe for hepatic Fc receptor function and has potential for human use. PMID- 7127900 TI - Inhibitory effect of C3b on rosette formation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with mouse erythrocytes. PMID- 7127901 TI - Auto-oxidative damage in Behcet's disease--endothelial cell damage following the elevated oxygen radicals generated by stimulated neutrophils. AB - The functions of phagocytes are enhanced in patients with Behcet's disease, therefore, we investigated the neutrophil-derived oxygen intermediates (OI) and lysosomal enzymes from 17 patients receiving glucocorticosteroids (steroids) and colchicine. Cultured endothelial cells were incubated with neutrophils to assess tissue injury. In cases of the complete type, in the active stage of the disease, OI production was markedly increased. The other patients showed significantly higher OI and higher lysosomal enzyme levels than patients with other diseases (controls) receiving drug therapy. Cytotoxicity tests showed that the 51Cr release was also significantly higher. The destruction of desmosomes and cell deformation were demonstrated electron microscopically. The simultaneous addition of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the cell culture decreased the 51Cr release to control levels. These findings suggest that neutrophils from patients with Behcet's disease generate high levels of OI, resulting in endothelial tissue damage. PMID- 7127902 TI - Immune complexes in early arthritis. II. Immune complex constituents are synthesized in the synovium before rheumatoid factors. AB - Synovial fluids and paired sera taken from patients either before, after or at the time of diagnosis of definite rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were compared with samples from patients with unclassified inflammatory arthropathies (IA). Raised levels of immune complexes (IC) were detected in some RA patients by C1q binding activity but in the majority of both RA and IA patients by the platelet aggregation test; levels were usually higher in joint fluids than in sera. IgM rheumatoid factors (RF) and IgA RFs were lower in synovial fluids but IgF RF levels were similar in matched samples. Synovial fluid to serum albumin ratios were used to estimate synovial permeability (inflammation) and then to calculate which patients synthesized macromolecules locally in the synovium. Local synthesis of RFs was detected in a greater proportion of RA than IA patients and only two patients formed RFs locally in the first months of symptoms. Half the patients in both groups however appeared to synthesize or trap IC constituents and in many patients there was evidence of local synthesis within 6 months after their symptoms had started. We conclude that local synthesis of large amounts of RFs is uncommon in the early stages of RA but that IC of unknown composition are synthesized or localized in the affected joints of many patients with RA and inflammatory arthropathies shortly after their symptoms appear. PMID- 7127899 TI - Mitogenic activity of 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate on peripheral blood lymphocytes from young and aged adults. AB - The effect of age on the proliferative response to 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13 acetate (TPA) was examined using peripheral blood lymphocytes from 185 adults. TPA-induced DNA synthesis measured by cellular 3H-thymidine incorporation was found, like the responses of cells activated by PHA and Con A, to markedly diminish with advancing age. The presence of indomethacin (1 microgram/ml) or Ro 20-5720 (10 micrograms/ml) in TPA activated cell cultures, unlike PHA stimulated cultures, did not result in augmentation of 3H-thymidine incorporation by cells from elderly individuals. These results demonstrate that prostaglandin synthesizing suppressor cells are not responsible for the age-related depression of cellular immune function observed in TPA activated cells and confirm the observation that decreased production and/or utilization of soluble mediators, such as IL-2, may account for the diminished mitogen responsiveness of lymphocytes from elderly individuals. PMID- 7127905 TI - Acetylcholine receptor antibody characteristics in myasthenia gravis. II. Patients with penicillamine-induced myasthenia or idiopathic myasthenia of recent onset. AB - Anti-acetylcholine receptor (anti-AChR) antibody characteristics including light chain, IgG subclass, avidity for denervated human acetylcholine receptor and reaction with various human and mammalian AChR preparations were examined in 11 patients who developed myasthenia during penicillamine treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Results were compared with those already reported in 35 patients with generalized idiopathic myasthenia gravis (MG). We found significant differences in the avidity and the light chain of the anti-AChR. However, anti-AChR characteristics in 12 patients with recent onset (less than 4 months' duration) idiopathic MG did not differ significantly from those in patients with penicillamine-induced MG. In the patients with generalized MG a trend was found towards higher percentage of kappa light chain and higher anti-AChR avidity with duration of disease. Anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies in penicillamine induced myasthenia gravis therefore appear to be similar to those of idiopathic myasthenia gravis of recent onset. PMID- 7127904 TI - Anti-colon antibody and lymphocytophilic antibody in ulcerative colitis. AB - The presence of anti-colon antibody in the sera from patients with ulcerative colitis was demonstrated by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) assay. In addition, the high prevalence of lymphocytophilic antibody in the sera from patients with ulcerative colitis was obtained by fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis. This lymphocytophilic antibody was absorbed by rat colon epithelial cells. Moreover the lymphocytes from ulcerative colitis showed lower binding capacity to this antibody, but acquired higher binding capacity after 20 hr incubation at 37 degrees C in vitro. These data suggest that ADCC may have some role in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis. PMID- 7127906 TI - Kinetics of specific anti-influenza antibody production by cultured lymphocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus following influenza immunization. AB - Specific antibody responses to influenza viral antigens produced by cultured peripheral blood mononuclear leucocytes stimulated with influenza virus or pokeweed mitogen (PWM) have been measured in seven patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) before and at time intervals after influenza immunization. Cells from two patients stimulated with influenza virus in vitro produced high levels of specific antibody 7 days after immunization. Cells from a third patient produced small amounts of specific antibody at day 14. No antibody was produced by cells from the remaining four patients. Responses were of short duration and were not detectable 1 month after immunization. Specific anti-influenza antibody was induced by PWM only from cells of those patients who responded to virus antigen although absolute levels of antibody produced were not as high. In six patients serum haemagglutination inhibiting antibody to influenza virus was measured, and all six had a greater than four-fold increase. The disparity between in vitro antibody production by peripheral blood mononuclear leucocytes and changes in serum antibody suggests that in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, in vitro functions of peripheral blood lymphocytes do not reflect the immune system as a whole. PMID- 7127903 TI - Impaired antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (synonym: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis). AB - Mononuclear cells from the blood of 26 patients with the 'autoimmune' connective tissue disorder cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (CFA) were examined in Chang cell cytotoxicity assays for their capacity to mediate antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). The results showed an impairment for the group by comparison with a group of 45 normal healthy controls (P less than 0.01). The impairment was greater in patients with associated connective tissue disorders of other systems (CFA+CT) than in those having the lung disorder alone (lone CFA); (P less than 0.001). The reduction in ADCC showed a correlation with reducing counts of cells bearing Fc gamma G surface receptors (P less than 0.05), and with increasing levels of soluble immune complexes in the blood of these patients by C1q binding (P=0.05). Non-specific esterase staining indicated that the Fc gamma G rosetting cells were subpopulations of lymphocytes not monocytes. We therefore suggest that the observed ADCC impairment may be due to impairment of lymphocyte Fc receptor function, and we speculate that this may influence immune regulation. PMID- 7127907 TI - Genetic factors controlling the intestinal mast cell response in mice infected with Trichinella spiralis. AB - Inbred strains of mice showed marked variation in their mast cell (MC) response to infection with Trichinella spiralis. Variation was under genetic control, the ability to respond to infection being inherited as a dominant trait. MHC-linked genes may influence the absolute level of response, but overall response kinetics appear to be controlled by genes which are not linked to the MHC. An enhanced MC response was transferred adoptively with immune mesenteric lymph node cells (IMLNC), but reciprocal adoptive transfers between H-2 compatible rapid (NIH) and slow (B10.G) responder strains showed that the degree of enhancement was determined by the response phenotype of the recipient, not that of the donor. Similarly, in bone marrow (BM) chimaeras, produced by reconstituting lethally irradiated F1 (B10.G x NIH) mice with parental BM, the MC response to T. spiralis was determined by the response phenotype of the BM donor, whether or not rapid responder IMLNC were transferred. The data are discussed in terms of a T lymphocyte regulated, bone marrow stem cell origin of mucosal MC and interpreted as showing that genetic regulation of the MC response is expressed at the level of stem cell or precursor response to T cell derived mastopoietic factors. PMID- 7127908 TI - Effect of experimental glomerulonephritis on the cells in canine renal lymph with special reference to the veiled cell. AB - An immunological glomerulonephritis was induced in dogs by the administration of rabbit anti-canine glomerular serum (1 mg/kg) and the effects on white cells in blood, thoracic duct lymph and peripheral renal lymph were observed over 14 days. The principal response was seen in the renal lymph which showed, within 1 hr of the injection of antiserum, a significant increase in its cellular content that lasted for approximately 16 hr. The cells affected by this early response were phagocytic, being both mononuclear and polymorphonuclear. Although the number of lymphocytes leaving the kidney did not increase, the character of these cells changed. Thus, during the first day there was a comparative increase in the number of large lymphocytes, and cells undergoing mitosis appeared in the lymph. These changes suggested the presence of local blast transformation. Later in the course of the response the proportion of small lymphocytes increased and that of large lymphocytes declined. Non-lymphocytic mononuclear cells with characteristics of 'veiled' and 'frilly' cells appeared in renal lymph on the first day and persisted throughout the 14 days. Many of these cells formed the centres of lymphocyte rosettes. The presence of these cells, which have previously been associated with Langerhans cells in the skin, in renal lymph suggests that they have a wide distribution in the body and that they are important during the immunological response to glomerulonephritis. PMID- 7127909 TI - Characterization of Fc receptors for IgE on human alveolar macrophages. AB - Human alveolar macrophages (aM phi) isolated from lung lavages performed during bronchoscopy and after surgical removal of pulmonary lobes were analysed for Fc receptors for IgE (Fc epsilon R) and IgG (Fc gamma R) by rosette assays. A mean+/ s.d. of 8.0+/-2.6% of aM phi formed rosettes with fixed ox erythrocytes coated with an IgE myeloma protein (Eo'-IgE). The Eo'-IgE rosettes were inhibited by two IgE myeloma proteins and by IgE Fc fragments but not by myeloma proteins of the other Ig classes or by IgE denatured by heating or reduction and alkylation. Fresh ox erythrocytes sensitized with rabbit IgG antibodies (EoA) formed rosettes with 64.1+/-20.3% of the aM phi. Peripheral blood monocytes formed 10.6+/-1.2% Eo'-IgE and 90.2+/-6.0% EoA rosettes. Incubation of the aM phi with a goat antiserum to human lymphocyte Fc epsilon R inhibited Eo'-IgE rosette formation on aM phi by 80% but did not affect the percentage of EoA rosettes. The antiserum also inhibited Eo'-IgE rosettes formed by peripheral blood monocytes and cultured macrophage-like U937 cells but not those formed by basophilic granulocytes obtained from a patient with chronic myelogenous leukaemia. There was no relationship between age, sex, diagnosis or smoking history of the patients and the percentage of aM phi forming Eo'-IgE rosettes. These studies demonstrate that a subpopulation of human aM phi bear Fc epsilon R that share antigenic determinants with Fc epsilon R on lymphocytes and monocytes. Fc epsilon R(+) aM phi may play an important role in allergic and inflammatory pulmonary diseases by inducing the release of mediators of inflammation after interaction with IgE immune complexes. PMID- 7127910 TI - Asbestos related changes in pulmonary and systemic immune responses--early enhancement followed by inhibition. AB - We recently developed an animal model in order to study the pulmonary and systemic reactions following exposure to environmental pollutants. In this model, conscious sheep received repeated intratracheal instillations of a suspension of 0 (controls), 2mg (low dose) or 128 mg (high dose) of chrysotile asbestos fibres over a 12 month period. A significant dose-dependent enhancement in proliferative responses of pulmonary free airway cells (FAC) to four mitogens was observed after a first instillation. A somewhat weaker stimulation was also observed in peripheral blood mononuclear leucocytes (PBML). At 6 months, the high dose animals no longer displayed the dose-dependent enhancement of FAC responses and manifested actual depression of PBML responses. At 12 months, all asbestos exposed animals showed impaired responses of FAC, whereas only the PBML of high dose animals were showing such an impairment. These data suggest that asbestos exposure has a dose-dependent initial enhancement of local pulmonary as well as systemic responses to mitogens while prolonged exposure and higher doses can subsequently lead to a relative depression of local and systemic cellular immune activity. Although responsive early after asbestos exposure, systemic immunity appears to lag behind local immunity in the late depressive effect of asbestos fibres on mitogen responsiveness. In addition to these cell-directed effects serum factors seem to play an inhibitory role in lymphocyte responses to mitogens in animals repeatedly exposed to asbestos. PMID- 7127911 TI - Purification of human seminal plasma no. 7 antigen by immunoaffinity chromatography on bound monoclonal antibody. AB - Human seminal plasma (HSP) No. 7 antigen was purified by immunoaffinity chromatography on bound 1C4 monoclonal antibody (Moab) (Shigeta et al., 1980b). The pooled HSP protein was applied to a CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B column of bound 1C4 Moab gamma globulin and the antibody bound fraction (fr) eluted was further purified by rechromatography in the same way. The purified antigen in the antibody bound fr obtained by rechromatography gave a single band on SDS-PAGE in a position corresponding to a molecular weight of 15,000 daltons. This preparation was 196.2 times more effective than the original HSP protein in neutralizing the sperm immobilizing activity of 1C4 Moab. The purified HSP No. 7 antigen contained iron, but was different from lactoferrin and transferrin. It did not show any enzymatic activities, such as those of acid phosphatase, LDH or trypsin inhibitor, and shared antigenicity with human milk protein. It was present in seminal plasma as a molecule with a higher molecular weight but seemed to be cleaved to a monomer of 15,000 daltons during purification procedures. This antigen is present on spermatozoa as sperm-coating antigen and the corresponding antibody can immobilize spermatozoa with complement. PMID- 7127912 TI - Preferential rheumatoid factor reactivity with disulphide bond altered IgG in radioimmunoassay. AB - Rheumatoid factor (RF) antibody populations were purified by immunoabsorption from rheumatoid arthritis patients' sera and from rabbit hyperimmune anti streptococcal sera. On the basis of the particular affinity matrix from which the RF were eluted, the antibody populations were classified as being preferentially reactive with either mildly reduced and alkylated (MRA) or native, intact, homologous (with regard to species) IgG. Immune complexes formed between these RF preparations and IgG were characterized by their susceptibility to polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation. The two RF specificity populations were incubated in the presence of 125I-labelled MRA and intact homologous IgG preparations. The resultant complexes were subsequently precipitated in the presence of 0-20% (w/v) PEG. From the data generated by incubation of a constant amount of RF in the presence of either intact or MRA IgG, the amount of complex precipitated over the range of PEG concentrations examined was greatest when the form of IgG used for immunoadsorption was also used as the radiolabelled antigen. When a constant concentration of PEG was used and the concentration of the IgG antigen and RF were separately varied, precipitable complexes were formed at lower concentrations of each variable when radiolabelled antigen homology, with respect to the affinity matrix, was maintained. Therefore, although cross-reactive, the two RF specificities were clearly selective with regard to their affinity for a given form of IgG. PMID- 7127913 TI - E rosette dissociation: evidence for a role of the cytoskeleton. AB - When put into 37 degrees C incubation, the E rosettes dissociate spontaneously and the sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) form caps at one pole of the lymphocytes. This process is associated with changes in cell morphology such as uropod formation or membrane budding. The disintegration of E rosettes and the capping of SRBC can be retarded by addition of cytochalasin B plus colchicine, chlorpromazine or sodium azide. These findings suggest a pivotal role of the cytoskeleton in the dissociation process of E rosettes. However, other mechanisms of disintegration are to be considered since none of the drugs can prevent the dissociation of E rosette entirely. PMID- 7127914 TI - Influence of dietary restriction and protein deficiency on plasma half-life and tissue distribution of tetracycline in rats. AB - 1. The effects of dietary restriction and protein deficiency on plasma half-life and tissue distribution of tetracycline were studied in rats by feeding either a 20% protein diet in restricted quantity or a 9% protein diet ad lib and compared with rats given a 20% protein diet ad lib (control group). 2. It was observed that half-life of tetracycline was shortened and that plasma and tissue Cmin levels at steady-state were lower in undernourished rats. Tissue concentrations in liver, kidney, muscle and bone correlated well with plasma levels. A high degree of correlation was also observed between plasma and tonsillar concentrations of tetracycline in human subjects. 3. These studies indicate that undernourished subjects may require an altered dosage regimen of tetracycline to maintain effective steady-state concentrations of the drug. PMID- 7127915 TI - Effects of verapamil on pancreatic exocrine secretion induced by dopamine, secretin and pancreozymin in the dog. AB - 1. The effects of verapamil on dopamine-, secretin- and pancreozymin-induced pancreatic secretion were investigated in the isolated, blood-perfused canine pancreas in vivo. 2. The volume of pancreatic secretion either in the resting state or induced by pancreozymin given intra-arterially (i.a.) was decreased by an infusion of 5 micrograms/min of verapamil; that induced by dopamine or secretin i.a. was also decreased but the changes were not statistically significant. 3. Protein concentration in pancreatic juice either in the resting state or in that of stimulated secretion by pancreozymin was decreased significantly, but protein concentration induced by dopamine or secretin was not affected, by verapamil treatment. 4. Verapamil had no effect on bicarbonate concentration in pancreatic juice secreted either in the resting state or when stimulated by these secretagogues.5. These results suggest that verapamil, at least in part, may affect the secretory mechanisms of acinar cells but not that of the ductular cells. PMID- 7127917 TI - Contribution of the sympathetic nervous system to the centrally-induced pressor action of angiotensin II in rats. AB - 1. Angiotensin II (ANG II) may increase blood pressure by central nervous system mechanisms. The involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in the centrally induced pressor effect of ANG II in the rat was investigated. 2. Plasma noradrenaline concentrations, measured as an index of sympathetic nervous system activity, increased after intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of pressor doses of ANG II, both in normotensive and in spontaneously hypertensive rts. 3. To assess the functional significance of this, the sympathetic nervous system was inhibited by phentolamine, reserpine, and guanethidine. In phentolamine-infused rats, low doses of i.c.v. ANG II elicited a blood pressure decrease, but at maximal pressor doses, no difference between phentolamine-treated and control rats was observed. In reserpinized rats, the central pressor effect of ANG II was greater than in controls. Guanethidine pretreatment did not affect the blood pressure response to i.c.v. injected ANG II. 4. It is concluded that the central pressor effects of ANG II are accompanied by a stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. In the rat, this stimulation may be functionally important for the initial phase of the central pressor action. This could not be established for the maximal pressor responses. PMID- 7127918 TI - Effects of low-zinc status and essential fatty acid deficiency on growth and lipid composition of rat brain. AB - 1. Nineteen-day old female weanling rats were maintained on diets deficient in essential fatty acids, low in zinc (6 p.p.m.) or both deficient in essential fatty acids and low in zinc; the weights of their brains were 25.6, 35.0 and 43.2% respectively, less than those of rats on control diets. 2. In essential fatty acid deficiency, the myelin lipids cerebrosides and sphingomyelin were considerably reduced in proportion whereas zinc deficiency had no significant effect on the proportions of the lipids. 3. Essential fatty acid deficiency was also characterized by the appearance of a high proportion of eicosatrienoic acid (20:3) and the reduction of arachidonic acid (20:4) and the other essential fatty acids. In zinc deficiency, however, there was an accumulation of arachidonic acid. 4. The low-zinc status aggravated essential fatty acid deficiency causing a higher reduction in the proportion of the myelin lipids and the accumulation of both eicosatrienoic and arachidonic acids. 5. It is considered that zinc plays some role in the metabolism of essential fatty acids in brain lipids and the pathological effect of the double deficiency of essential fatty acids and zinc causes a greater impairment to brain development and maturation than either of the single deficiencies. PMID- 7127916 TI - Sulphonamides in buffaloes: effect on certain blood constituents and serum enzymes. AB - 1. Three groups of four clinically healthy buffaloes were injected with sulphadiazine, or sulphadimidine, or sulphathiazole in a single dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. 2. Changes in the serum enzyme activities (SGOT, SGPT and alkaline phosphatase) observed with the tested sulphonamides were insignificant, except for increases in SGOT level 6 h after sulphathiazole injection, and in GOT/GPT ratio 30 min and 24 h after sulphadimidine injection. 3. The creatinine level was not affected in sulphonamide-injected animals. All blood samples collected 15 min to 24 h after sulphathiazole injection showed marked increase in glucose and urea levels. Concerning the other two sulphonamides, no significant change was observed in these parameters except for an increased glucose level 24 h after sulphadiazine injection. PMID- 7127919 TI - Affinity of tetanus toxoid antibody in glomerulonephritis. PMID- 7127920 TI - Suppression of allergic reactions in helminth-parasitized rats of low-IgE responder phenotype. PMID- 7127921 TI - Oxygen consumption in adult patients during cardiac catheterization. AB - The determination of cardiac output by the Fick principle requires the quantitation of the arteriovenous oxygen (O2) content difference across the pulmonary bed and the O2 consumption. Since a correct measurement of O2 consumption may be difficult, an assumed value is sometimes substituted into this equation. Despite this practice, there is no appropriate reference standard for O2 consumption applicable to the adult catheterization laboratory. Therefore, we determined O2 consumption in 108 patients (69 men and 39 women, mean age, 49 years) at the time of catheterization by multiplying the arteriovenous content difference by the indicator dilution cardiac output, thereby eliminating errors related to the collection and analysis of the timed collection of expired air. O2 consumption index (O2 consumption/m2 of body surface area) averaged 126 +/- 26 ml/min/m2 (mean +/- SD), but there was wide variability(65-250 ml/Min/m2). O2 consumption was not affected by patient age or sex but was lower in those who were mildly sedated before catheterization (sedated, 121 +/- 22 ml/Min/m2; nonsedated, 132 +/- 28 ml/min/m2; p = 0.023). Thus, O2 consumption varies greatly among adults at the time of cardiac catheterization, so that any attempt at estimating this variable is fraught with major potential error. PMID- 7127922 TI - Radionuclide ventriculographic findings in pericardial effusion. AB - We present a patient with a large pericardial effusion, in whom the first-pass radionuclide ventriculogram demonstrated rocking motion of the left ventricle and apparent asynergy of the inferior wall. These abnormalities disappeared after removal of the fluid. Inspection of the cinematic display of the images was useful in explaining the apparent asynergy of the inferior wall. PMID- 7127923 TI - Prolonged persistence of a large pericardial effusion and hemodynamic evidence of cardiac tamponade during treatment of myxedema. AB - We describe clinical, echocardiographic, and catheterization findings that were present initially and during therapy in a myxedematous patient with a large pericardial effusion and tamponade. Treatment with thyroxine resulted in a marked improvement of most of the clinical features of hypothyroidism and some improvement in cardiac function. However, the pericardial effusion as well as clinical and laboratory evidence of tamponade persisted for 2 months after full replacement doses of T4 had been achieved. The tamponade was finally relieved by fenestration of the parietal pericardium. These findings are consistent with evidence of an abnormality of pericardial drainage that persists for months after other thyroid hormone dependent functions are normalized by thyroxine replacement. Therefore prompt surgical drainage rather than dependence on medical therapy alone is indicated in myxedematous patients who have cardiac tamponade. PMID- 7127925 TI - Male evaluation and semen analysis. PMID- 7127926 TI - Genetic defects. PMID- 7127924 TI - Echocardiographic diagnosis of an unusual anterior mediastinal mass. AB - X-ray chest and CAT scan suggested an anterior mediastinal mass in a girl who had prominent left parasternal pulsations. M-mode and two dimensional echocardiography demonstrated an extracardiac fairly rigid cystic mass between right ventricle and chest wall, which proved to be a cystic chondroma arising from the fourth left costal cartilage. PMID- 7127927 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of varicocele. PMID- 7127928 TI - Drug effects on male sexual function. PMID- 7127930 TI - Rubella. PMID- 7127932 TI - Congenital and perinatal varicella. PMID- 7127931 TI - Influenza and pregnancy. PMID- 7127929 TI - Viral hepatitis in pregnancy: the obstetrician's role. PMID- 7127934 TI - Revision of failed total joint arthroplasty. PMID- 7127933 TI - Immunizations in pregnancy. PMID- 7127935 TI - Wear of polyethylene in the total hip prosthesis. AB - Direct in vivo measurement of wear of total hip prostheses by radiography is not possible. However, improved in vitro approaches have been developed that agree with clinical observations in all salient points. Such measurements show that the wear of the polyethylene component depends crucially on the molecular weight distribution (and probably on other structural variables). Combined with clinical retrievals, there is evidence that relatively high wear may occur even in the absence of acrylic debris. Although sufficient knowledge exists to reduce wear of the total hip prosthesis to a negligible level, for the total knee replacement with higher contact stresses, presently, this is not the case. PMID- 7127936 TI - Revision total knee arthroplasty. AB - The most frequent reasons for revision of total knee arthroplasty are loosening, instability, and abnormal axial alignment. Failure to obtain appropriate component orientation, axial alignment, and soft tissue balance predisposes the implants to loosening and failure. The use of minimally constrained prostheses and careful attention to the technique are essential. Revision surgery may be successful in approximately two-thirds of the knees. PMID- 7127937 TI - Revision of total knee arthroplasty. AB - In 72 knees, revision total knee arthroplasties were comparable in results with primary operations. There was a higher incidence of extensor mechanism problems and less complete relief of pain. Although the incidence of postoperative radiolucencies was high, these were nonprogressive and, in most cases, not harbingers of progressive loosening. Revision surgery requires surgical skill and judgment, as well as facilities to provide a wide range of prosthetic sizes and, if necessary, custom designs. PMID- 7127938 TI - Alternatives to arthrodesis for the failed total knee arthroplasty. AB - Surgical options for the failed total knee arthroplasty include resection arthroplasty, arthrodesis, and total knee revision. Resection arthroplasty has not been a satisfactory alternative for revision of the failed total knee in a rheumatoid patient population. The arthrodesis experience has been associated with a high incidence of pseudarthrosis (30%), significant shortening, a high complication rate, and poor functional results. Sixty-five failed noninfected total knee arthroplasties were revised to metal-to-plastic total knee arthroplasty. The most common mechanism of failure was loosening (57%). The average follow-up period following revision was 33 months (range, 24-60 months). Fifty-three of the knees were improved at last follow-up examination, compared with the prerevision score. The average postoperative score in the revision series was 80 points. Eight knees have required further surgery. Total knee revision of the failed noninfected total knee arthroplasty is a successful and preferable alternative to knee arthrodesis. Knee revision surgery is technically demanding and requires the availability of multiple components of varying constraint, including custom-made components. PMID- 7127939 TI - Failure in total knee arthroplasty: mechanisms, revisions, and results. AB - Of 700 prosthetic knees inserted during the period from 1969 to 1978, 94 failed; 19 of the failures occurred due to infection. Other obvious mechanisms of failure were wear debris sy novitis, ligament rupture, and patellar dislocation. The majority of prosthetic loosenings occurred on the tibial side. There were five mechanical factors of such loosening: tilt and sink; compression; torsion; toggle; and a combination of these factors. Excluding those who died or were lost to follow-up, the results of revision were 37% good or excellent; 60% fair or poor; and 3% failure. To some extent the results were prosthesis dependent; the semiconstrained prosthesis had a good result in 48%, unlinked hinges a good result in 24%, and a true hinge a good result in 21%. The results in infected cases were poor; of five prosthetic revisions, only one was good. Fusion was found difficult to achieve; of 11 attempts, only six obtained solid fusion. Four amputations were performed, all for infection in hinged knee replacements. PMID- 7127940 TI - Stress fracture of the patella following duopatellar total knee arthroplasty with patellar resurfacing. AB - Stress fracture of the patella can occur with significant frequency following patellar replacement with the duopatellar knee prosthesis. In the first 372 knees with patellar resurfacing, the incidence was 0.7% in rheumatoid arthritis (2 fractures in 286 knees) and 3.5% in osteoarthritis (3 fractures in 86 knees). The incidence may be greater in osteoarthritic patients because they have more function and are generating greater force across the patellofemoral joint. There was an association with osteonecrosis of the patella in at least three cases in which a lateral retinacular release had been performed and the lateral superior genicular artery sacrificed. This vessel should be preserved during a lateral release to save its contribution to the blood supply of both the patella and the lateral skin flap. Initial treatment of the stress fractures can be nonoperative, with surgery necessary only if the patellar prosthesis has become dislodged, or if pain or inadequate active extension persists. If the fracture can not be repaired, patellectomy can yield a good result. To avoid stress fracture, a minimal amount of patellar articular surface should be resected and the peripheral cortex of both the medial and lateral facets preserved. Fewer stress fractures may occur if a smaller fixation lug is used, thereby preserving more patellar bone stock. PMID- 7127941 TI - Patellar complications after total condylar arthroplasty. AB - The incidence of complications in the initial three years' experience with total knee arthroplasty and patellar replacement was 9%. Of the total knee arthroplasties perforated in the last three years, neither fracture nor subluxation of the patella has occurred. A prosthesis with right and left femoral components and slight lateral (physiologic) slanting of the patellar groove is recommended. Lateral release is done only if absolutely necessary and is performed at a considerable distance from the patella to preserve blood supply. Excess bone removal from the patella is avoided. The fat pad is preserved in all cases. Patients who have undergone a patellectomy had a definitely weak knee. Treatment by simple immobilization failed to produce an excellent functional result. PMID- 7127943 TI - Metal concentration in synovial fluids of patients with prosthetic knee arthroplasty. AB - Significant levels of the major components of metal prostheses in total knee arthroplasty were measured in the synovial fluids from patients with these implants. Cobalt (Co), Chromium (Cr), and Nickel (Ni) concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry on 26 synovial fluid samples from 18 patients with hinged (metal-on-metal) prostheses and eight patients with nonhinged (metal-on-polyethylene) prostheses. Concentrations of Co, Cr, and Ni were significantly higher in synovial fluids from hinged knees, as were Ni concentrations in fluids from nonhinged knees. Of the three metals, Ni showed some evidence of increases solubility. The metal debris did not appear to provoke a leukocyte response, insofar as surprisingly low numbers of neutrophils were present in these fluids, all of which were obtained from nonseptic knees. However, significant numbers of lymphocytes and large mononuclear cells were present in the fluids. PMID- 7127942 TI - Radiologic evaluation of painful joint prostheses. AB - The most important method of evaluation of painful total joint prostheses is review of sequential radiographs. Because clinical failure from loosening occurs late, abnormalities of alignment, the cement-bone or cement-metal interface, the bony contour, or the integrity of the prosthetic components will be found in the vast majority of cases of clinical failure. In cases in which plain radiographs are normal or equivocal, radionuclide bone scanning with Tc-99m diphosphonate agents are useful. A diffuse increase in vascularity and in uptake of radionuclide is present in infection, while a normal scan suggests that infection or loosening is unlikely. Positive arthrograms are helpful in confirming loosening and in demonstrating abscess cavities and sinus tracts, but negative arthrograms have little significance. Asymptomatic patients with radiographic evidence of loosening should be followed with sequential roentgenograms for signs of progressive bone destruction. PMID- 7127944 TI - The pathology of failed total joint arthroplasty. AB - In 94 cases of failed total hip and knee joint arthroplasties, acute and chronic inflammation, acrylic, metal, and polyethylene debris, and histiocytic reaction were assessed in a 0, 1+, 2+, 3+ semiquantitative manner. Chronic inflammation of 2+ to 3+ was not particularly useful in separating a reaction to wear debris from infection. At the time of frozen section, 2+ to 3+ acute inflammation (greater than 5 PMNs per high power field) was used with excellent follow-up bacteriologic correlation to delay replacement of the failed prosthesis until the infection was controlled. Acrylic (2+ to 3+) and excessive polyethylene wear debris correlated well with loosening. Dusky grey cells were the hallmark of metal-filled histiocytes. Mononuclear and multinuclear histiocytes (2+ to 3+) were correlated with excessive acrylic and/or polyethylene debris. The histologic features of metal particles, acrylic voids, polyethylene and teflon fibers and silastic globules illustrate the pathologic identification of these materials. PMID- 7127945 TI - Salvage of painful total ankle arthroplasty. AB - Revision of painful total ankle arthroplasties with reinsertion of a prosthetic device has been unsatisfactory. After removal of the prosthetic components, generally, the remaining bony stock is insufficient to allow adequate fixation with methylmethacrylate. Revision with arthrodesis by the modified Chuinard compression technique has been successful. Ankle arthrodesis is the only available surgical alternative to prosthetic ankle arthroplasty. Consequently, should a total ankle arthroplasty fail, a reliable salvage procedure is available that leaves the patient with minor, if any, additional functional impairment compared to that with an ankle arthrodesis done initially. PMID- 7127947 TI - Reconstructive surgery following total elbow endoprosthesis. AB - Elbow arthroplasty should only be undertaken by surgeons who have considerable experience in total arthroplasty and special training in upper-extremity surgery. The failed total prosthesis presents a formidable challenge. The recognition of this fact fortunately has had an impact on prosthetic design, so that less bone stock is removed at surgery. In addition, second- and third-generation arthroplasties are becoming available that biomechanically are more suitable and that may be expected to be somewhat more durable than those of the first generation. Early and decisive action is recommended in the case of the loose elbow joint prosthesis before the cement mantle causes further abrasive wear to the cortex, which eventually may be broken through, rendering revision much more difficult. If there is any doubt about the adequacy of the bone stock to receive a further prosthesis after removal of the failed joint, a nonprosthetic salvage procedure, or, alternatively, revision as a two-stage procedure is recommended. In the case of the failed surface implant, nonprosthetic interposition arthroplasty will usually give a satisfactory result. PMID- 7127946 TI - Revision of humeral head and total shoulder arthroplasties. AB - A prospective study was undertaken of 40 revisions of humeral head and total shoulder arthroplasties performed during the past nine years. The average follow up period was 42 months. Surgical revision consisted of conversion to unconstrained total shoulders in 34 shoulders, fixed-fulcrum total shoulder in one shoulder, and "cleanout" of the implant and cement in five shoulders, of which three were later fused. The indications for fusion were (1) infection, and (2) extensive loss of shoulder muscles, including both the deltoid and rotator cuff. Neither loss of bone nor rotator cuff defects were considered contraindications to unconstrained total shoulder arthroplasty; however, the results of this study emphasize the need for a good initial humeral head arthroplasty, insofar as the function of revisions is often impaired by muscle damage, bone loss, and scar. PMID- 7127949 TI - Revision of aseptic loose total hip arthroplasties. AB - Sixty-six patients were revised for aseptic loosening of their conventional hip arthroplasties; follow-up periods ranged from one to nine years. In comparing them with an overall conventional arthroplasty series, there was a higher failure rate with dysplasia and post-traumatic patients, and a lower incidence in osteoarthritic and rheumatoid patients. The average time to revision was four years. The patients were eight years younger than those in the overall UCLA conventional hip arthroplasty series. Forty-two per cent had undergone hip surgery prior to the original hip arthroplasty that failed. The average improvement, as well as the follow-up pain, walking, and function ratings, and the postoperative flexion arc were less than those in the overall conventional arthroplasty series. The quality of femoral and acetabular fixation obtained at revision was considerably inferior to that of the primary surgery. Six patients (9%) have already required re-revision of their hip arthroplasties. In a further 20%, the radiolucencies progressed substantially in extent and width, and are radiographically loose. Although these patients are relatively asymptomatic, prognosis is guarded. Forty-four per cent had no complications and are radiographically well fixed. Other complications included trochanteric migration (7.6%), dislocation (10.6%), and peroneal nerve palsy (7.6%), but there were no deaths or other serious medical complications and only one case (1.5%) of sepsis. PMID- 7127948 TI - Complications of total elbow arthroplasty. AB - The need for revision surgery for loosening exceeds 25% with tightly constrained prostheses but is much less with the semiconstrained designs. Resurfacing prostheses may be unstable if not adequately balanced by static and dynamic soft tissue constraints. Infection is excessive (4%-9%), but resection arthroplasty is a reasonably good salvage procedure. Implant failure is rare. The ulnar nerve is subject to transient (10%) or, occasionally, partial dysfunction. Routine anterior translocation has been beneficial, but there is considerable variation in technique in this regard. Triceps insufficiency can be virtually eliminated with the Kocher lateral-to-medial or the Bryan lateral-to-medial triceps-sparing approach. Fractures of the ulna usually can be treated by cast application, but humeral fractures may require revision surgery because of component loosening. Some complications are decreasing in frequency, whereas others are becoming more widely appreciated. The procedure remains a challenging one, and is one that should be performed by those who are experienced in elbow surgery and who have a detailed knowledge of the numerous potential pitfalls. PMID- 7127950 TI - Revision surgery following a failed total elbow arthroplasty. AB - The need for revision surgery following total elbow arthroplasty can be minimized if certain principles are observed. These include careful preoperative assessment for diaphyseal bone size, the presence of anatomic resources for arthroplasty, the possible need for future adjacent joint arthroplasties, meticulous surgical detail during the arthroplasty, and prompt diagnosis and correction of postoperative problems. Many of the problems following total elbow arthroplasty can be surgically corrected by replacing the high-density polyethylene bearing. Other problems are amenable to arthrodesis of the joint. Although the complication rate and need for revision surgery have diminished with improved implant design and improved surgical technology, it is helpful both to the patient and to the surgeon to discuss the potential problems and the risk versus gain ratio with the patient so that a clear understanding of the reconstruction is understood by everyone. PMID- 7127951 TI - Metastatic tumors of the foot: case report and literature review. AB - Metastatic lesions to the bones of the foot occurred in three elderly patients. Biopsy established the diagnosis in a 90-year-old woman. In a 72-year-old man and a 79-year-old man, the diagnosis was possible from roentgenographic features. In the latter, biopsy of an additional osseous metastatic site established the diagnosis. A thorough review of the literature has yielded 72 previously reported cases of metastasis to the foot. Only 38 of these cases were histologically confirmed. Primary tumors of the colon, kidney, and lung are the most common sources of metastasis to the bones of the foot. Metastatic disease should be considered in elderly patients presenting with foot pain and osteolytic lesions, especially when there is a history of a previously diagnosed malignancy. The generally poor prognosis indicates that treatment should be clearly designed to relieve pain. PMID- 7127952 TI - A critical appraisal of auscultation of human joints. AB - Auscultation of human joints is a rarely practiced art. Many attempts have been made to develop a technique with objective parameters but none are sufficiently sensitive for clinical use. This article reviews the history of auscultation as applied to human joints. An acoustic system was critically evaluated and attempts were made to exclude skin friction and ambient noise. Human joint sounds were found to be at the low end of the acoustic range. The microphone was a poor transducer in terms of frequency and dynamic sensitivities for use with human joint emission because of the large acoustic impedance. Many of the problems encountered by workers in this field might be due to failure to appreciate the limitation of detection apparatus. PMID- 7127953 TI - Growth pattern and skeletal age in school girls with idiopathic scoliosis. AB - The growth patterns in girls ten to 16 years of age with idiopathic structural scoliosis are different from the growth patterns of normal girls of the same age group. Overall standing and sitting heights were 5 cm and 2 cm greater, respectively, in 207 scoliotic as compared with 210 randomly selected, age matched healthy girls. Hand and wrist radiographs revealed an advanced skeletal age in scoliotic girls at ten years of age, whereas subsequent skeletal development was more rapid in healthy girls. PMID- 7127955 TI - Double fracture of the femoral component following total hip arthroplasty: a case report. PMID- 7127954 TI - The immediate effect of Boston brace on renal function in patients with idiopathic scoliosis. AB - The immediate effect of the Boston brace on renal function was studied in 18 patients with idiopathic scoliosis ranging in age from ten to 17 years. Renal function was tested by clearances of inulin and PAH without and with brace applied. Glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow decreased significantly when the brace was applied, but to values within normal limits. When the brace was applied, the urinary sodium excretion, however, was significantly reduced to values significantly lower than that of controls. This might cause sodium retention if the pressure effect of the brace persists. PMID- 7127958 TI - Morphology of the interlacunar network in four sites of hyaline cartilage of neonatal, juvenile, and adult rats. AB - The honeycomb matrix and interlacunar network are described and compared in femoral head articular cartilage, proximal femoral physis, xiphoid, and tracheal cartilages from neonatal, juvenile, and adult rats. The honeycomb matrix is morphologically constant in all four sites of all age groups. The network is plentiful in cartilage of neonatal rats, reduced in juveniles, and rare in adults. In a given cartilage site, the network has a constant pattern and concentration gradient among rats of the same age. It is hypothesized that the network functions only during rapid cartilage growth and is not related to weight bearing. The network is composed of element sheets averaging 0.5 micrometer in thickness, which connect adjacent chondrocytes. Ultrastructurally, the network is observed as the thickened, dense areas of the honeycomb matrix and as nonmembrane bound channels of granular material. The network and chondrocyte capsules are morphologically and cytochemically similar. PMID- 7127956 TI - Hip fractures of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The results of treatment of 73 transcervical and 49 extracapsular fractures of the femoral neck in patients with rheumatoid arthritis were compared with the results in 152 normal patients. In undisplaced transcervical fractures that were internally fixed and followed up for more than six months, there was no significant difference in results between the rheumatoid patients (5 acceptable results in 8 patients) and the control patients (8 acceptable results in 9 patients). In displaced fractures, when internally fixed, the rheumatoid group (8 acceptable results in 27 patients) did significantly less well than the control group (17 acceptable results in 30 patients). In hips affected by the disease, the results were worse (1 acceptable result in 9 patients). Hemiarthroplasty gave acceptable results in two-thirds of the rheumatoid patients with transcervical fractures, whether used as primary treatment of displaced fractures or as revision of failed pinnings. This was not affected significantly by the presence of disease in the joint. In extracapsular fractures, the presence of rheumatoid arthritis, whether or not it affected the hip, did not appear to affect the outcome. The presence of osteoporosis was associated with poor results. PMID- 7127957 TI - Pre-proparathyroid hormone, proparathyroid hormone, and parathyroid hormone: the biologic role of hormone structure. PMID- 7127959 TI - Bone blood flow in the femora of anesthetized and conscious dogs in a chronic preparation, using the radioactive tracer microsphere method. AB - The radioactive tracer microsphere method is applicable to the study of the hemodynamics of bone. As observed previously by others, areas of predominantly cancellous bone produce higher blood flow measurements than do areas of predominantly cortical bone. Bone containing fatty marrow has lower blood flow rates than does bone containing hematopoietic marrow. Blood flow to the femoral neck was the greatest measured (26.74 +/- 1.95 ml/min/100 gm), while the diaphyseal region was the area with the lowest flow (4.67 +/- 0.46 ml/min/100 gm). There was no significant difference between consecutive measurements using up to five differently labeled radioactive microspheres. This enabled observations of the effects of an experimental procedure on bone blood flow in the same animal. Additionally, there was no statistically significant differences between regional blood flows measured 40 days apart in the same animal. Bone blood flow measurements were slightly lower in anesthetized than in conscious dogs. The RTM method is the one most suitable for the estimation of bone blood flow under either acute or chronic conditions. PMID- 7127962 TI - Revision total hip arthroplasty. AB - In this review, 110 hips in 107 patients underwent revision total hip arthroplasty at The Hospital for Special Surgery and the Robert B. Brigham Hospital. The minimum follow-up period was two years (average, 3.4 years). Failures of the original total hip arthroplasties were due to loosening of the femoral component (44 hips), loosening of both components (23 hips), loosening of the acetabular component (17 hips), fracture of the femoral component (14 hips), recurrent dislocation due to prosthetic malposition (7 hips), acetabular protrusion (3 hips), and fracture of the femoral shaft (2 hips). Sixty-six hips were categorized as good or excellent, and 25 hips were rated as fair. Nineteen poor results were due to: (a) deep infection (2 hips); (b) mechanical failure (15 hips); and (c) recurrent dislocation (2 hips). Complications included infection (3.6%), trochanteric problems (13%), mechanical failure (14%), and progressive radiolucent zones (26%). The quality of the result of a revision total hip arthroplasty is potentially as good as that of the original arthroplasty. However, the higher incidence of infection and mechanical failure reduces the frequency of such good results in the long-term. The extremely high incidence of progressive radiolucent zones at the bone-cement interface makes predictions for even longer term results guarded. PMID- 7127961 TI - The mechanical behavior of normal and osteoporotic canine femora before and after hemiarthroplasty. AB - Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism (NSH) was induced in adult beagle dogs through nutritional control by feeding them a diet containing high phosphorus (1.2%) and low calcium (0.12%). A control group was fed a diet containing 0.42% phosphorus and 0.54% calcium. An osteoporotic condition was produced by NSH, which was verified with histologic, histomorphometric, and biochemical analyses. A significant increase in i-PTH level was measured at both ten and 20 weeks after initiation of the diet in experimental animals when compared with control animals. A 25% reduction in volume fraction cancellous bone and increased osteoclastic activity was found in histologic sections from the femoral heads of the NSH animals when compared with control animals. No abnormally large osteoid seam was found in the cancellous bone of the experimental animals. The results of energy dispersive radiographic analysis and bone ash analysis revealed no significant differences in calcium-to-phosphorus or mineral-to-matrix ratios between the two groups. The results of in vitro mechanical testing indicated significant differences in the strain state for the NSH and control animal femora, with the highest strains being observed in the calcar region of the NSH femora. The presence of a Co-Cr-Mo alloy femoral head prosthesis was found to alter the strain distribution significantly in both the control and NSH femora. PMID- 7127960 TI - Nutrition of the intervertebral disc: effect of fluid flow on solute transport. AB - Adult dogs were injected intravenously with 35S-sulphate, and moderately exercised for one to six hours to measure isotope concentrations and profiles throughout the intervertebral discs. The isotope profiles were also observed in control animals that had been under anesthesia between injections and death. In both sets of animals, the profiles were in agreement with those expected for isotope transport by diffusion. This agreement indicates that fluid "pumping" during movement has an insignificant effect on transport of nutrients into the disc. Small solutes, e.g., O2, glucose, and sulphate, are transported into the disc chiefly by diffusion. However, calculations show that because of their low diffusivities, "pumping" may increase the rate of transport of large solutes into the disc, as it does in articular cartilage. PMID- 7127964 TI - Analysis of revision surgery of resurfacing hip arthroplasty. AB - Results of revision of 24 resurfacing hip prostheses followed up for a minimum of one year are encouraging. The average Iowa Hip Rating after salvage was higher than the average highest rating prior to failure of the original resurfacing procedure. There were no intraoperative complications in revising any of the failed resurfacing procedures. Results of revision of the failed component of a resurfacing procedure are comparable with those of conversion to a conventional hip arthroplasty. Thorough, prompt evaluation of hip pain in recipients of a hip resurfacing procedure is necessary for preservation of remaining bone stock. In comparison to revision of conventional hip arthroplasty, revision of failed resurfacing hip arthroplasty is technically easier and has a better prognosis in providing the patient with a pain-free, functional hip. PMID- 7127963 TI - Revision surgery for failed surface arthroplasty of the hip. AB - In 17 cases of revision surgery performed for failed surface arthroplasty of the hip at UCLA medical center, the minimum follow-up period was six months (average, 22 months). Causes of failure included aseptic loosening (15), sepsis (1), and unexplained pain (1). High-risk groups include those with deficiencies of bone stock, congenital dysplasia, coxa vara, and osteonecrosis. Nine hips were resurfaced and eight converted to conventional arthroplasties. The clinical results of revision and conversion were comparable with those of conventional revision surgery but less satisfactory than those of primary surgery. Fewer technical problems and complications were encountered when compared with conventional revision. The length of operation and blood loss were less, and there were no instances of sepsis, nerve palsy, instability, or femoral fracture. The major complication has been recurrent loosening, with a 17% incidence of failure requiring conversion to conventional replacement. The results, as in conventional revisions, have been suboptimal. The technical complexities have been many, especially with respect to femoral and acetabular revision. PMID- 7127965 TI - Revision surgery in total hip arthroplasty: surgical technique and results. AB - Revisions in failed total hip arthroplasty have produced some good results. In cases of stem fracture, the problem is lack or loss of proximal support in the presence of distal fixation of the stem. This aspect must be borne in mind during primary and revision surgery. Routine use of long intramedullary stems has little to commend it. Proximal support of the stem is essential. In revision for deep sepsis, antibiotic-loaded cement has increased the success rate. Sound component fixation is, however, of paramount importance. If success is to be achieved in revision surgery, the patients at risk must be carefully followed up by serial radiographs. The timing of the revision will depend on awareness of the problem rather than the patients' symptoms. This, at times, may mean revising early and for radiographic changes alone if the quality of the bone stock is to be preserved, and if the chances of success are to be improved. PMID- 7127966 TI - Reimplantation in infection: a 12-year experience. AB - Three groups of patients underwent reimplantation for infected hip prostheses during the period from 1968 to 1979. The first group (N = 19) was diagnosed mainly by hip aspiration and treated with antibiotics selected by disc sensitivity and one-stage reimplantation in 14 hips. The second group (N = 26) was diagnosed by strict hip infection criteria and treated with a similar antibiotic regimen. Reimplantation was performed in one stage in 13 patients and in two stages in the remaining 13. The third group (N = 16) was diagnosed by the same criteria but treated with standardized bactericidal antibiotics evaluated by the tube dilution method. There were five one-stage reimplantations, ten two stage, and one radical debridement without removal of components. The follow-up period ranged from two to 12 years. The present guidelines for reimplantation include subacute hip sepsis caused by susceptible bacteria, according to tube dilution methods in immunocompetent patients with adequate soft tissue and bone stock to allow a satisfactory biomechanical reconstruction. Patients should be aware of the risk of recurrence of infection, persistent pain, limited durability, and further surgical treatment. PMID- 7127968 TI - Revision surgery for failed, nonseptic total hip arthroplasty: the femoral side. AB - The rapidly increasing incidence of femoral failure after total hip arthroplasty has forced the generation of numerous major techniques to treat this complication effectively. Extraction of a femoral component that is not grossly loose is vastly facilitated by a new femoral component extractor. Cement removal has been made much simpler and safer with the use of a medullary canal guide, a fiberoptic headlight, and wide exposure of the proximal femur by release of the iliopsoas, the vastus lateralis, and the intermedius, and more effective using Depuy drills, rigid Kunshcher rods, and an ordinary power source. A new technique developed for removing broken femoral stems uses the Midas Rex to drill a hole in the metal, undercutting the metal and extracting the broken tip through the femoral neck. This technique eliminates the need for a window and the requirement for long-stem prosthesis. Special components are required for specific problems in bone loss, including devices that replace a deficient calcar femorale, as well as more common long-stem and proximal femoral replacement implants. In circumstances of massive bone loss in the proximal part of the femur, techniques for allografting entire femoral segments have been effective. These innovations play a major role in reducing the technical complications with revising a failed femoral component after total hip arthroplasty and obtaining excellent functional restoration. PMID- 7127969 TI - Girdlestone arthroplasty for infected total hip arthroplasty. AB - Results of a previous study of 21 patients who underwent conversion of infected total hip arthroplasties to Girdlestone resection arthroplasties suggested that Girdlestone resection arthroplasty provides a functionally poor salvage technique and is often painful. The present study was undertaken to assess further the salvage value of Girdlestone arthroplasties for the treatment of infected total hips. Fourteen additional cases were reviewed, summarizing the clinical experience of the past three years. These more recent data support the conclusion that resection arthroplasty provides a poor functional result when used as a salvage procedure following removal of infected total hip components. Of the 14 patients reviewed, only one obtained an acceptable functional result. The initial 21 patients studied were re-reviewed to obtain further follow-up data. The functional results obtained were essentially unchanged and are comparable with those from the series of 14 patients reviewed in this study. In some cases of infected total hip arthroplasty, resection arthroplasty is the best method of treatment available, but the results are often far from ideal. Direct or indirect prothesis exchange is an alternative in some cases. Total hip arthroplasty should not be recommended for the young patient who has one or two joint diseases and no limiting systemic factors, with the expectation that when the total hip fails, it can be converted to a resection arthroplasty and the patient improved as compared with the pre-total hip status. It may be wiser to utilize another procedure, e.g., fusion, resection arthroplasty, or osteotomy, primarily, and then revise to a total hip, if necessary, when the patient is older. PMID- 7127967 TI - Medical and surgical treatment of the septic hip with one-stage revision arthroplasty. AB - Sepsis of the hip, particularly associated with total hip arthroplasty, can be treated successfully by an aggressive antimicrobial and surgical approach to accomplish a one-stage revision. Although this is a very acceptable alternative to Girdlestone arthroplasty, 13% (6 hips) of the septic total hip revisions failed. The possibility of hematogenous seeding of the total hip should be recognized by all health care professionals. Aggressive treatment of infections or potential infections is mandatory. PMID- 7127970 TI - Total hip revision arthroplasty: does sepsis influence the results? AB - The results of revision total hip arthroplasty, with or without sepsis, are compared in a review of the recent literature. In 661 total hip revisions without sepsis, there is an overall 54% excellent/good/satisfactory rate and a 12% infection rate. Of 1063 total hip revisions in the presence of or after sepsis, there is an overall success rate of 73% and a 17% reinfection rate. Comparison of the two groups is difficult due to the different criteria used to diagnose infection, the variable use of parenteral antibiotics and cement impregnated with antibiotics, the frequently short follow-up periods, and the definition of success by different rating s stems. Aside from infection, before advising revision surgery or excision arthroplasty, consideration should be given to the individual patient, the hip to be revised, and the technical skills available. Follow-up should be monitored yearly by an independent examination of the patient, not by chart review or telephone questionnaire. Standardized rating methods should be used, together with strict criteria for the diagnosis of infection. Only in this way will results from different centers be comparable. PMID- 7127972 TI - [A case of Wallenberg's syndrome with ocular lateropulsion and seesaw nystagmus]. PMID- 7127973 TI - [Lipid storage myopathy in familial hyperlipoproteinemia]. PMID- 7127971 TI - Proximal femoral fractures following total hip arthroplasty. AB - Thirty-one postoperative fractures around the femoral component of previous total hip arthroplasties were reviewed retrospectively until healing occurred. This type of injury seemed to be associated with either high-velocity trauma or weakening of bony stock secondary to stress risers from prior surgery or loosening. These fractures were classified as Type A at the stem tip, Type B spiralling around the stem, and Type C comminuted around the stem. Type A fractures have a significant incidence of nonunion in the face of multiple previous proximal femoral surgeries, but, after healing, usually show no loosening. Type B fractures usually will heal without operative intervention but have a high incidence of associated eventual component loosening. Type C fractures need immediate surgery to allow mobilization of the elderly patient. When postfracture revision surgery with long-stem component or plating is required, the technical order of priority should be adequate bony apposition of fracture fragments, good cement technique at the proximal femur, bone grafting. PMID- 7127974 TI - [Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: distribution of metals in spinal cord tissue]. PMID- 7127975 TI - [Compulsive manipulation of tools and pathological grasp phenomenon]. PMID- 7127977 TI - [Autonomic nervous system during sleep of aged subjects]. PMID- 7127976 TI - [The syndrome of the sea-blue histiocytes associated with ataxia and vertical supranuclear ophthalmoplegia. Report of a case]. PMID- 7127978 TI - [Spinocerebellar degeneration and Basedow's disease]. PMID- 7127979 TI - [Changes in microheterogeneity of CSF transferrin in patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and spinocerebellar degenerations]. PMID- 7127980 TI - [Histological studies of human extraocular muscles]. PMID- 7127983 TI - [Slow eye movements (viscosite du regard) in familial spinocerebellar degeneration]. PMID- 7127982 TI - [Prosopagnosia due to cerebral hemorrhage]. PMID- 7127981 TI - [Clinical study on headache in patients with Parkinson's disease]. PMID- 7127985 TI - [Study on photic stimulation to EEG in the aged (2nd report). Alpha-blocking]. PMID- 7127984 TI - [A case of myasthenia gravis associated with muscle twitch, hyperhidrosis and limb pain]. PMID- 7127986 TI - Incidence of convulsions and encephalopathy in childhood Shigella infections. Survey of 117 hospitalized patients. AB - Of 117 children ill enough to be hospitalized with Shigella gastroenteritis, 53 per cent had neurologic symptoms, the majority during the onset of high fever: 11 per cent had convulsions alone, 22 per cent had encephalopathy alone, and 20 per cent had convulsions and encephalopathy. The neurologic manifestations preceded the gastrointestinal symptoms in one fourth of the patients. Shigella sonnei was the predominant organism found in this study, especially in patients with neurologic symptoms. PMID- 7127987 TI - Long-term follow-up of ambulatory management of osteomyelitis. AB - Over four years, 50 patients with osteomyelitis (32 classified as acute and 18 as subacute or chronic disease) were treated with oral antibiotics in an ambulatory setting. The profile of clinical and laboratory parameters, including etiologic agents, was similar to previous series. Forty-eight patients initially received parenteral drugs, mean duration 14 days (range 0-36). Oral agents administered at home included cephalosporins, clindamycin, dicloxacillin, penicillin VK, amoxicillin, and sulfa-trimethoprim. Mean duration of total therapy was 53.2 days (range 16-365). In follow-up, ranging from 12 to 60 months (mean 35), relapses occurred in one patient with acute and one with chronic disease. Both responded to oral treatment. No residual infection has resulted, although clinical and radiographic sequelae remain in six more patients initially termed subacute or chronic. Long-term follow-up of patients receiving high-dose oral antibiotic therapy for osteomyelitis due to sensitive organisms confirms the safety and efficacy of this mode of treatment and the feasibility of ambulatory management. The outcome after oral therapy is equivalent to that following parenteral therapy. Patients with subacute or chronic disease have a significantly poorer prognosis despite a milder initial illness and longer course of therapy. PMID- 7127988 TI - Occult bacteremia in toxic-appearing, febrile infants. A prospective clinical study in an office setting. AB - The prevalence of occult bacteremia was evaluated prospectively in two groups of infants: those with a toxic appearance and temperature greater than 38.8 C and a comparison group with similar fever but without a toxic appearance. All patients were diagnosed by one physician employed in a suburban, middle-class, private ambulatory pediatric practice. Toxicity scores were assigned based on the results of history and physical examination. Peripheral white blood cell (WBC) counts and blood cultures were obtained for every child. Of 52 toxic infants involved in the study, an infectious source, commonly otitis media, was found in 26 (50%). Eighteen patients (35%) had WBC counts above 15,000. Bacteremia was documented in six patients (12%), due to Streptococcus pneumoniae in five and to group C Streptococcus in one. Five bacteremic infants had toxic, febrile illnesses for which no overt focus could be identified. None of 31 febrile infants without a toxic appearance had bacteremia. We conclude that highly febrile, toxic-appearing infants are at risk for occult bacteremia even when they are seen in the pediatrician's office. Toxicity diagnosed on the basis of clinical findings in a febrile infant warrants obtaining a white blood cell count and a blood culture. PMID- 7127989 TI - Effect of use of a measured dispensing device on oral antibiotic compliance. AB - The substitution of a syringe in place of a teaspoon for the delivery of oral medications has become routine in some pediatric practices for reasons that are not clear. Although a syringe would measure dosages more accurately, most oral medications have a broad acceptable dose range. A possible advantage of syringes is that parents who receive these may be more impressed with the importance of treatment than those prescribed medications by teaspoon. To test this hypothesis, 72 patients below 24 months of age with otitis media were randomly divided into a group that received a prescription indicating amoxicillin should be given by teaspoon and a group that received a labeled syringe for this purpose. The qualitative presence of the antibiotic in urine at seven-day follow-up visit was 56 per cent among the teaspoon users and 67 per cent among syringe users, while return rates for one week appointments were 51 per cent and 32 per cent, respectively. Neither difference was significant. Use of a measured oral dispensing syringe did not improve compliance in administration of medication or return for follow-up and therefore, was judged not to be cost effective. PMID- 7127990 TI - Measles immunization. PMID- 7127993 TI - Recurrent meningitis due to Staphylococcus aureus secondary to a dermoid. Case report and review. PMID- 7127991 TI - Infant apnea syndrome. A prospective evaluation of etiologies. AB - The frequency of proposed causes for the infant apnea syndrome (IAS) or "near miss" sudden infant death is unknown. Using a protocol, we investigated a small series of 28 consecutive infants with IAS. This in-hospital evaluation included, for all patients, blood chemistries; x-rays of skull, lumbar puncture, chest, and barium swallow; electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, 24-hour Holter cardiac monitor; viral and bacterial cultures of blood, urine, stool, and CSF; EEG; and esophageal pH study for gastroesophageal reflux (GER). A probable cause was found in 17 of the 28 infants including GER 6, encephalitis 4, convulsive disorder 3, periventricular edema 1, Arnold-Chiari malformation 1, milk allergy 1, periodic breathing 1. Home apnea monitors were used only by three, all of whom had no diagnosis and only these three had repeat apneic episodes. There have been no deaths during follow-up of 12 to 24 months. It is our conclusion that detailed evaluation of IAS often yields a specific diagnosis. The most valuable investigations were lumbar puncture, EEG, and esophageal pH studies. PMID- 7127992 TI - Management of Candida peritonitis with intravenous amphotericin: Peritoneal fluid antibiotic levels. AB - The child presented in this report received intravenous amphotericin B 0.5 mg/kg every 36 hours, for dialysis-associated Candida peritonitis. Just prior to her third dose of amphotericin B, the peritoneal fluid concentration of this drug was 0.1 mcg/ml, and the simultaneous serum level was 0.2 mcg/ml. An hour following the third amphotericin B dose, the peritoneal fluid and serum concentrations were 0.2 and 0.4 mcg/ml respectively. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of amphotericin B for the C. albicans isolated from this patient was 0.05 mcg/ml, and the minimal lethal concentration (MLC) was 0.1 mcg/ml. Treatment included concurrent 5-fluorocytosine, and catheter removal. This is the first time that measurements of concentrations of amphotericin B in the peritoneal fluid have been reported in a child with peritonitis. PMID- 7127994 TI - Cardiac arrhythmias in an adolescent following ingestion of an over-the-counter stimulant. PMID- 7127995 TI - How blind was the patient blind in AMIS? AB - The Aspirin Myocardial Infarction Study (AMIS) was a double-blind placebo controlled trial to test the effect of aspirin on the survival of 4524 people who had experienced a prior heart attack. Shortly before their closeout visits, 400 of the participants were randomly selected to be interviewed concerning their perceptions of their treatment assignments; 380 were actually interviewed. A bare majority (52)% correctly identified their study therapy, 28% mistakenly named the alternative treatment, 13% declined to guess, and 7% specified extraneous substances. According to the proposed formula for evaluating the patient blind, only 24% of the sample made "informed" guesses regarding their therapy, while the remainder guessed in an uninformed way or not at all. Those who tested their capsules (usually be taste) showed proportionately more correct responses than the nontesters. Correctness also varied with the reasons for the subjects' guesses (e.g., side effects). Among the sample as a whole, most people were only moderately or less than moderately certain their guess was correct. Even among those who were in fact correct, only 18% were absolutely certain of their choice. PMID- 7127998 TI - Effectiveness of centrally acting drugs and diuretics in adolescent hypertension. AB - The effectiveness and tolerance of a centrally acting antihypertensive agent (clonidine) was compared to that of a diuretic (hydrochlorothiazide) in treatment of adolescents with essential hypertension. After a phase on placebo 29 adolescents with fixed primary hypertension were randomly assigned, double blind, to one of two treatment groups. Active therapy was initiated at a low dose (0.1 mg clonidine b.i.d. or 24 mg hydrochlorothiazide b.i.d.) for 12 wk. In those in whom treatment goals for blood pressure control had not been reached, the dose was increased (clonidine to 0.2 mg and hydrochlorothiazide to 50 mg) for 12 wk. In the clonidine-treated group there was a reduction during low-dose therapy in systolic (P less than 0.05) and diastolic pressure (P less than 0.01) and heart rate (P less than 0.01). With low-dose diuretic therapy there was a reduction in systolic pressure only (P less than 0.05). Linear growth patterns were normal for both groups, but there was a reduction in serum potassium in the diuretic group (P less than 0.001). Of the two drugs investigated the centrally acting clonidine was more effective in blood pressure control (85%) than the diuretic (40%). PMID- 7127997 TI - Effect of nifedipine on digoxin kinetics in healthy subjects. AB - Verapamil has been shown to reduce total-body digoxin clearance by 35% due to impairments of both renal and extrarenal clearances. Our study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of the related calcium antagonist nifedipine on single dose kinetics. Nifedipine increased extrarenal clearance of digoxin from 1.09 +/- 0.30(SD) to 1.45 +/- 0.23 ml/min/kg (P less than 0.05) and reduced the total urinary recovery of the drug from 69.2% +/- 5.9(SD) to 64.3% +/- 5.2 (P less than 0.05). There were no significant changes in renal digoxin clearance, distribution, or biological half-life or in digoxin distribution volumes during nifedipine coadministration. PMID- 7127999 TI - Kinetics and dynamics of furosemide and slow-acting furosemide. AB - Bioavailability and dynamics of a sustained-release preparation of furosemide (FR, 60 mg) were compared with those of a conventional tablet (F, 40 mg). The preparations were given to 12 healthy subjects in a study of crossover randomized design once daily for a week. FR absorption was substantially delayed and the uptake of furosemide was about 75% of that from F, despite the larger dose administered. F induced a brief, intense diuresis and excretion of Na+, K+, and Cl-, both during short- and long-term administration. There was no such peak after FR. Total diuretic and saluretic effects did not differ between the two preparations, despite the lower bioavailability of FR. It is suggested that this discrepancy might be caused by transient supramaximal urinary levels of furosemide after F, whereby not all of the drug can exert an effect. PMID- 7127996 TI - Suppression of complex ventricular arrhythmias by oral flecainide. AB - The effectiveness and safety of oral flecainide for suppression of complex ventricular arrhythmias was tested in nine patients in a short-term (4 wk), single-blind, placebo-controlled experiment. The prevalence of multiform premature ventricular complexes (PVCs), couplets and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) (less than 3 PVCs at rate less than 100/min) was determined by 48-hr Holter monitoring on placebo and flecainide (200 to 300 mg b.i.d.) therapy. Multiform PVCs/hr were reduced by 96% in eight of nine patients (P less than 0.001). Couplets per 24-hr period were suppressed entirely in six patients (P less than 0.001). Couplets per 24-hr period were suppressed entirely in six patients (P less than 0.001) and reduced by 92% in the remaining two patients. VT runs per 24 hr were abolished in six patients (P less than 0.02) and reduced by 91% in one. As a group the frequency of PVCs per hour, couplets per 24 hr and VT per 24 hr was reduced by 96% (P less than 0.01) over than in the preceding placebo period. Flecainide (P less than 0.02) slowed heart rate by 10% and prolonged PR, QRS, and QTc intervals by 31%, 47% and 6%. No hematologic, hepatic, or renal abnormalities were found. Side effects were mild, transient, and central nervous system related; blurring of vision was the most frequent effect and was reported in four patients. PMID- 7128000 TI - Significance of lipoproteins in serum binding variations of amitriptyline, nortriptyline, and quinidine. AB - Using isotope technique, the serum binding of amitriptyline (AT), nortriptyline (NT), and quinidine (Q) was measured by equilibrium dialysis in sera containing varying amounts of lipoproteins. Sera were obtained from 10 fasting subjects with normal to grossly elevated levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, or both. When the lipoproteins were removed from eight of the sera by a standard ultracentrifugation technique, the ratio bound/unbound (B/F) AT decreased an average of 47% (range 30% to 68%), NT an average of 54% (range 39% to 67%), and Q an average of 6% (range 0 to 16%). This decrease in the ratio B/F correlated linearly with the sum of serum concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides for AT (r = 0.88) and NT (r = 0.82), but not for Q (r = 0.15). In three lipoprotein-depleted sera resuspended with lipoproteins at eight different concentrations ranging from 0 to 100% of the original content, there was a linear correlation between the ratio B/F for AT and NT and the lipoproteins, as evidence by cholesterol or triglycerides concentrations (r = 0.97 to 0.99), but not for Q (r = -0.17 to 0.36). Finally, in the original 10 serum samples, there was a linear correlation between the ratio B/F and the serum lipoproteins (sum of cholesterol and triglycerides) for AT (r = 0.89) and NT (r = 0.68), whereas there was no such relationship for Q (r = -0.15). These data indicate that basic drugs differ in binding characteristics (probably depending on lipophility). PMID- 7128001 TI - Procainamide elimination kinetics in pediatric patients. AB - Procainamide kinetics were studied in six children after a single intravenous dose. Two-compartment kinetic analysis of serum concentration-time curves of five children, who received a dose of 5.5 +/- 0.9 mg/kg (mean +/- SD), revealed the following values for kinetic parameters: distribution half-life, 10.3 +/- 3.4 min; elimination half-life, 1.7 +/- 0.1 hr; elimination constant, 1.2 +/- 0.3 hr 1; plasma clearance 19.4 +/- 2.0 ml/min/kg, and steady-state volume of distribution, 2.2 +/- 0.3 l/kg. A sixth patient, who received an accidental overdose of 28 mg/kg, had altered elimination kinetics due to drug-induced hypotension. N-acetylprocainamide (NAPA) was detected in serum samples obtained soon after procainamide dosing and peak concentrations were attained at 1 to 2 hr. NAPA levels were lower than corresponding procainamide concentrations at most sampling periods. The findings of short elimination half-life and rapid plasma clearance of procainamide in children suggest that continuous intravenous infusion may be necessary to maintain therapeutically effective plasma concentrations in these patients. PMID- 7128002 TI - Dihydroergotoxine kinetics in healthy men after intravenous and oral administration. AB - The kinetics of intravenous and oral dihydroergotoxine mesylate determined in eight healthy male subjects with a radioimmunoassay method incorporating a plasma extraction step to obtain maximal sensitivity and specificity. The intravenous plasma concentration-time curve showed an initial rapid decline (half-life[t1/2] = 3.5 min) and could be fitted to a three-compartment model. The high systemic clearance (20.2 to 28.8 ml x min-1 x kg-1) and large distribution volume, (9.9 to 20.41 x kg-1) were associated with a terminal t1/2 of 9.5 to 18.4 hr. The oral absorption was rapid. (t1/2 = 14.8 min). Absolute bioavailability was 5.3% to 12.4%. The terminal t1/2 and bioavailability were considerably lower than earlier estimates and this can be attributed to the use in these investigations of a more sensitive and specific dihydroergotoxine assay method. PMID- 7128003 TI - Urine and plasma free phenytoin concentration correlation. AB - In an attempt to find a simple, noninvasive method for estimating the plasma free concentration (CPf) of phenytoin (PHT), the relationship between urine PHT concentration (Cu) and CPf was studied in 40 epileptic patients who were 6 to 50 yr old. Cu was determined by gas-liquid chromatography and CPf by equilibrium dialysis at 37 degrees. Cu was generally greater than CPf, but correlation between the two was strong (r2 = 0.876) and in the same range as previously published results for saliva and CPf. Correlation of Cu with CPf was not influenced by patient age, urine pH, or urine flow rate. In 24 patients timed urine collections were obtained and calculated renal clearances of PHT were shown to increase in proportion to urine flow rates. Although it is not known if renal impairment and albuminuria will alter the relationship between Cu and CPf it appears that Cu may be useful in estimating the concentration of pharmacologically active PHT in plasma. PMID- 7128006 TI - Methadone plasma protein binding: alterations in cancer and displacement from alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. AB - Because of their elevated concentrations of plasma alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AAG), cancer patients had a lower free fraction of methadone in plasma than did members of a control group. This difference was not great (-20%), but there was a fourfold variation in free fraction among a group of 13 patients (0.064 to 0.23). The bound/free methadone concentration ratio correlated linearly with plasma AAG. The binding of methadone to AAG was characterized by two classes of binding sites, the more avid having an association constant of 4 X 10(5)M-1 and an N of 0.38. Methadone could be displaced from AAG binding sites by a number of drugs: propranolol, chlorpromazine, prochlorperazine, thioridazine, and imipramine. The concentrations required for significant displacement (27 microM), as well as the relatively low Ka for methadone, suggest that the free fraction of methadone will not be significantly affected by elevated methadone concentrations or through displacement by other drugs that also bind to AAG. PMID- 7128005 TI - Metolazone therapy of active calcium nephrolithiasis. AB - Metolazone, a nonthiazide diuretic with the hypocalciuric effect of the thiazides, was evaluated in patients with idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis. During the mean 3-yr treatment period, there was a 77% decrease in stone incidence in 38 male patients (from 2.10 to 0.49 stones/patient/year). Urine calcium decreased 51% (from 231 +/- 19 to 114 +/- 7 mg/24 hr after 13 mo therapy). The treatment response was the same when these patients were divided into normocalciuric (n = 23), borderline hypercalciuric (n = 10), and hypercalciuric groups (n = 5). In six other patients with high sodium intake there was no decrease in urine calcium on stone formers regardless of the initial level of urine calcium excretion. High sodium intake may blunt and low intake potentiate the hypocalciuric effect of metolazone. PMID- 7128004 TI - Urine pH and phencyclidine excretion. AB - Subeffective doses (0.5 mg) of 3H-phencyclidine (PCP) were given intravenously to three healthy men under two regimens designed to alkalinize or acidify their urine (oral sodium bicarbonate or ammonium chloride). The concentrations of PCP and its metabolites in saliva, plasma, and urine for 7 hr after injection were determined by high-performance liquid radiochromatography. A sample of perspiration from one subject was analyzed. The effects of physical exercise on the plasma concentration and urinary excretion of PCP were also studied. Multiple linear regression analysis showed the logarithm of renal clearance the renal clearance of PCP. PCP and its metabolites are also excreted in perspiration. Our results support clinical reports of the importance of vigorous acidification of urine and diuresis in treatment of PCP intoxication. PMID- 7128007 TI - Effects of cancer and its treatments on plasma concentration of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and propranolol binding. AB - The plasma concentrations of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) and albumin, and the plasma protein binding of propranolol were measured in a group of cancer patients and a group of normal subjects. In cancer patients the AAG concentrations were twice that in controls (142 and 78 mg/dl, P less than 0.005), the albumin concentrations were lower (3.11 and 4.37 gm/dl, P less than 0.001), and the free fraction of propranolol was lower (0.127 and 0.190, P less than 0.005). Propranolol binding correlated strongly with AAG concentrations. These data imply that untreated or unsuccessfully treated cancer patients will have reduced free fractions for any drug for which AAG is an important binding protein. Successfully treated patients may have longitudinal changes towards normal. No consistent effect of the treatments themselves on AAG was observed after radiation therapy in five patients or after intravenous adriamycin in six patients. PMID- 7128008 TI - Nortriptyline formation after single oral and intramuscular doses of amitriptyline. AB - Oral (50 mg) and intramuscular (25 mg) amitriptyline (AT) was given to six normal subjects and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) for nortriptyline (NT) formed was calculated. There was no difference between the AUCs (corrected for dose) after the two routes of administration. The ratio between the AUCs (corrected for dose) after the two routes of administration. The ratio between AUCoral and AUCim averaged 0.95 (range 0.69 to 1.13). After intramuscular AT maximum NT plasma concentration was reached after 24 to 48 hr, whereas it was 8 to 24 after oral dosing. PMID- 7128009 TI - Symposium on scalp defects and injuries, including hair transplantation. PMID- 7128010 TI - The surgical repair of traumatic defects of the scalp. PMID- 7128011 TI - Surgical treatment of cicatricial alopecia of the scalp. PMID- 7128012 TI - Biology of scalp hair growth. PMID- 7128013 TI - The punch scalp graft. AB - The punch scalp graft hair transplant procedure is an established, acceptable, and successful method of hair replacement for various forms of alopecia, in both men and women. The surgical skills require discipline, knowledge, and a modicum of surgical training, which allows most physicians, particularly surgeons, to be qualified to perform the procedure. Selection of the patient, objective evaluation of the alopecias and the donor area, and postoperative care and instructions are all essential ingredients to satisfying the hair transplant patient. The punch graft scalp technique hair transplant has become essentially a common operative procedure and is available to almost any qualified and desirous patient. The cost factors have remained reasonable and in keeping with other nonsurgical methods of artificial hair replacement. For the past 15 years, there have been numerous symposia and seminars on hair transplantation conducted by qualified experts in this particular field, which have made such courses available to essentially all physicians. Sufficient journal articles and textbooks have been published to provide any physician with adequate reference material, and ongoing additional publications with updates continue to be made available to all physicians. Many university medical teaching centers have developed free hair transplant clinics or low-cost hair transplant clinics at which residents in training perform the punch scalp graft hair transplant procedure to allow indigent patients likewise to obtain hair transplant procedures. Hence, the day has come when any patient, male or female, of any race, with suitable objective indications, can obtain a hair transplant if he or she is properly motivated and desires to do so. PMID- 7128014 TI - Square scalp grafts. PMID- 7128015 TI - The strip scalp graft. AB - Hair transplantation for male pattern baldness has been done on many patients by dermatologists and plastic surgeons during the past 20 years. In selected cases, hair transplantation has been successful for adequate replacement of hair in bald areas of the scalp. In most cases, the punch graft technique alone is used. However, in selected cases, especially in younger individuals desiring a dense growth in the frontal area, the strip graft in conjunction with punch grafts can be used. When the strip graft operation is properly executed, the results are very gratifying. My most impressive results have been with those who have had the strip graft operation combined with the punch graft method (Figs. 13 and 14). The strip graft, like the punch graft, has proved to be extremely versatile. It can be transplanted in any conceivable direction and in any area of the scalp. It may be twisted into any desired shape so as to conform to any recipient site. It can also be made short or long and may be cut into smaller strips or even into small square grafts. If careful attention is paid to the simple steps of the operation discussed in this article, a surgeon will usually be rewarded with a good take of the strip graft. PMID- 7128017 TI - Temporo-parieto-occipital flap for the treatment of baldness. PMID- 7128016 TI - The lateral scalp flap for anterior hairline reconstruction. AB - The lateral scalp flap is a valuable addition to the armamentarium of the trained surgeon who manages the problem of male pattern baldness. With careful patient selection and frank counselling, the quality of reconstruction of the anterior hairline can be enhanced for some patients. The transfer of a large number of hair follicles in their normal pattern of density is an obvious advantage over free graft techniques. The disadvantages of a posterior direction of hair growth in the transposed flap, although readily overcome by careful grooming in most patients, may provide a stimulation for microvascular free flap acceptance in the future. At the present time, the magnitude of the latter procedure and the associated expense preclude consideration of this approach for the usual patient, and it is beyond the capability of many surgeons. Only with accurate reporting of complications and long-term results can one ultimately determine the rightful place of this technique. It is our continuing responsibility to inform patients of the changing options and guide them to a proper treatment based on their individual desire and need. The future generation of physicians and surgeons will undoubtedly dwarf our best effort with their accomplishments. I hope and trust that some day patients with male pattern baldness will no longer require surgery for relief. The ideal hope of the future is discovery of a safe method for prevention or medical treatment. PMID- 7128018 TI - Application of microvascular free flaps to scalp defects. PMID- 7128019 TI - Scalp reduction. PMID- 7128020 TI - The antidiuretic effect of chronic hydrochlorothiazide treatment in rats with diabetes insipidus: water and electrolyte balance. AB - 1. The antidiuretic effect of hydrochlorothiazide in diabetes insipidus was investigated in rats with the hereditary hypothalamic form of the disease (Brattleboro rats). 2. Administration of hydrochlorothiazide in the food resulted in a marked fall in urine volume and a corresponding rise in osmolality. These effects persisted throughout the period of treatment (6-7 days). 3. Body weight and extracellular volume were significantly reduced in the thiazide-treated rats. 4. Hydrochlorothiazide caused an increase in urinary sodium excretion only on the first day of treatment. The resulting small negative sodium balance (in comparison with untreated rats) remained statistically significant for 2 days only. Thiazide-treated rats gradually developed a potassium deficit which was statistically significant from the fourth day of treatment. 5. Total exchangeable sodium, measured after 7 days of thiazide treatment, was not significantly different from that of untreated rats. However, plasma sodium was reduced in thiazide-treated animals, whereas erythrocyte sodium concentration was elevated. 6. It is concluded that the antidiuresis resulting from chronic hydrochlorothiazide administration is associated with a reduction in extracellular volume, but not with a significant overall sodium deficit. Hydrochlorothiazide appears to cause a redistribution of the body's sodium such that the amount of sodium in the extracellular fluid compartment is reduced. PMID- 7128021 TI - The antidiuretic effect of chronic hydrochlorothiazide treatment in rats with diabetes insipidus: renal mechanisms. PMID- 7128023 TI - The responses to water deprivation in lithium-treated patients with and without polyuria. PMID- 7128022 TI - Beneficial effect of low phosphorus diet in uraemic rats: a reappraisal. PMID- 7128024 TI - Characterization of renal prostaglandin E responsiveness in decompensated cirrhosis: implications for renal sodium handling. AB - 1. It has been suggested that endogenous renal prostaglandin E (PGE) constitutes a determinant of renal haemodynamics and renal sodium handling in patients with cirrhosis. We have accordingly assessed the effects of augmenting endogenous prostaglandins on renal function. We utilized water immersion to the neck since previous studies demonstrated that the redistribution of blood volume and concomitant central hypervolaemia thus induced produces a prompt and marked augmentation of PGE excretion in normal man. 2. Thirteen cirrhotic patients were studied twice while in balance on a daily 10 mmol of sodium/100 mmol of potassium diet during control and during water immersion. Urinary PGE was determined hourly for 6 h. 3. Cirrhotic patients manifested a wide continuum of responses characterized by either a sluggish or barely discernible natriuretic response (n = 5) or an appropriate natriuretic response (n = 8). 4. Water immersion to the neck resulted in a highly significant increase in mean UPGEV, which was threefold that manifested by normal subjects studied under identical conditions. Furthermore, cumulative sodium excretion during immersion correlated with PGE excretion (P less than 0.05). 5. These findings, together with the results of studies utilizing prostaglandin synthase inhibitors, are consistent with the postulate that renal PGE may play a role in the alterations of renal function in decompensated cirrhosis. PMID- 7128025 TI - Inhibition of adrenaline-forming enzyme in the brain prevents one-kidney, one clip hypertension and deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertension in the rabbit. AB - 1. Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) converts noradrenaline into adrenaline and brain PNMT is elevated in spontaneously hypertensive and deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats. In view of the evidence for the involvement of central adrenergic neurons in renal hypertension, we measured the blood pressure response in one-clip, one-kidney Goldblatt hypertensive and DOCA-salt hypertensive rabbits to the PNMT inhibitor SK&F 64139, injected into the lateral cerebral ventricles. 2. Intracerebroventricular injection of SK&F 64139 (10 micrograms/kg) significantly attenuated the mean arterial blood pressure rise in one-clip, one-kidney and DOCA-salt rabbits, at 4 and 8 weeks. 3. These findings support the idea the hypertension in this animal model required an intact adrenaline biosynthetic process, and that central catecholaminergic neurons may be involved in the pathogenesis of low-renin dependent forms of hypertension. PMID- 7128026 TI - [The use of pentoxifylline in the therapy of torpid malleolar ulcers in thalassemia major]. PMID- 7128027 TI - [Trial of the combination of sulfadiazine and trimethoprim (contrimazine) in the treatment of flare-ups of chronic bronchitis as compared with ampicillin]. PMID- 7128028 TI - [List of prescriptions for the treatment of oxyuriasis]. PMID- 7128031 TI - Symposium on interstitial lung diseases. PMID- 7128029 TI - [Evaluation of a sulfomucopolysaccharide (3GS) in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinemias]. PMID- 7128030 TI - [Evaluation of the antihypertensive effectiveness of low doses of chlorthalidone]. PMID- 7128033 TI - The surgical approach to interstitial lung disease. AB - The thoracic surgeon can provide a valuable service to his referring physicians and patients in establishing a definitive pathologic and etiologic diagnosis of diffuse interstitial lung disease (see Fig. 1). The myriad of etiologic agents results in a diagnostic conundrum that cannot be solved in many cases on the basis of history, physical examination, chest roentgenograms, gallium scans, bronchial lavage, and transbronchial biopsy. For a patient who has respiratory symptoms with diffuse interstitial lung disease on chest radiogram or one who has significant respiratory insufficiency on the basis of pulmonary function studies but has a normal chest radiogram, open lung biopsy should be carried out with anticipation of a very high yield from a low-risk procedure. Establishing a correct diagnosis is now important in terms of the administration of, withdrawal of, or change in therapy; the use of corticosteroids; and the use of immunosuppressive agents or of cytotoxic agents. It is not enough to give a patient who is breathless an aminophylline derivative and place him on corticosteroids if he becomes sicker. There are many diseases with a specific etiology and with a specific, appropriate treatment, and the thoracic surgeon can provide this information. PMID- 7128032 TI - The radiology of interstitial lung disease. PMID- 7128034 TI - The interstitial lung diseases: a pathologist's view. AB - The accurate diagnosis of the interstitial lung diseases requires that the pathologic features, whether they be derived from routine light microscopy, bronchoalveolar lavage material, ultrastructural or immunologic studies, be interpreted in the light of the clinical, roentgenographic, and physiologic presentations. The clinician must ensure that representative tissue is sampled and that the pertinent clinical data are supplied to the pathologist. Furthermore, the clinician should gain some appreciation of the pathologic changes commonly encountered. Such knowledge facilitates clinicopathologic correlations. The pathologist must ensure that the sampled tissue is handled in the most appropriate and efficient manner in order to realize the greatest diagnostic yield. In addition, the pathologist must convey to the clinician his confidence in the diagnosis as to whether the observed pathologic changes are diagnostically specific or nonspecific, in light of the clinical data. The diagnosis of interstitial disease in the immunocompromised patient entails even more intensive efforts, which must be accomplished in a very limited period of time. Only the close cooperation between clinician and pathologist can ensure diagnostic success. PMID- 7128035 TI - Hypersensitivity pneumonitis. PMID- 7128036 TI - The pulmonary hemorrhage syndromes. PMID- 7128037 TI - Pulmonary vasculitis. PMID- 7128038 TI - Management of gastric outlet obstruction. PMID- 7128039 TI - Gastrointestinal parasitic infections. PMID- 7128040 TI - Diarrhea we can treat: antibiotic-associated colitis. AB - C. difficile, a gram-positive anaerobic bacillus, has emerged in the past five years as a common cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea. The organism usually gains entry to the host during or after antibiotic treatment, which presumably alters the normal barrier function of the colonic microflora. The organism produces a cytotoxin that can be identified in stool samples by its ability to alter the cellular morphology of tissue culture cells. Infection with C. difficile produces a spectrum of diseases ranging from mild diarrhea to fulminating colitis. An important bedside clue is the presence of pseudomembranes in the rectum or sigmoid at proctosigmoidoscopy. The disease may also occur in patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease where it may be confused with a relapse of the underlying disease. Treatment with vancomycin is effective, but 10% to 15% of patients may experience relapse. The major mode of transmission appears to be environmental acquisition rather than person-to-person spread. PMID- 7128043 TI - Silent gallstones: the doctor's dilemma. PMID- 7128042 TI - Diagnostic approach to the jaundiced patient. PMID- 7128041 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen elevation: red herring or. . . ? PMID- 7128044 TI - The management of ascites. PMID- 7128045 TI - Separation of human pro alpha 1 (I) and pro alpha 2 (I) procollagen chains by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. AB - Human pro alpha 1 (I) and pro alpha 2 (I) procollagen chains have been separated on a large por (33 nm) reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography C18 column using an acetonitrile aqueous gradient containing 9 mM trifluoroacetic acid. The separation of the chains was evaluated by gel electrophoresis. The yield of the chromatography, based on radiolabel recovery, is equal to or better than 80%. Absorbance monitoring at 210 nm permits detection of less than 5 micrograms procollagen. PMID- 7128047 TI - Glycosaminoglycans produced by human synovial cell cultures. AB - Human synovial cells in culture are known to synthesize hyaluronic acid, but the production of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAG) has received less attention. Using 14C-glucosamine as a precursor, GAG content was studied in the medium, trypsin-solubilized pericellular layer, and cell residue fraction of cultured synovial cells derived from the synovial membranes of nonrheumatoid and rheumatoid joints. Over 90% of the total non-dialyzable counts appeared in the culture medium, for the most part in hyaluronic acid. The remaining nondialyzable counts were cell-associated, almost equally divided between the pericellular layer and cell residues. In these fractions, only part of the counts were in GAG susceptible to testicular hyaluronidase digestion, and GAG were significantly lower in the cell residue of the rheumatoid synovial cells compared to the nonrheumatoid cells. Analysis of the chondroitinase ABC and AC digestion products of these GAG indicated the presence of chondroitin-4 and -6 sulfates, and dermatan sulfate, but not heparan sulfate. Similar findings with respect to the identity of the GAG in nonrheumatoid and rheumatoid synovial cell culture media were obtained with 35SO4 as a precursor. PMID- 7128046 TI - Multiple collagen gene expression with type III predominance in rat mucosal keratinocytes. AB - Collagen synthesis in serially propagated cultures of rat mucosal keratinocytes (line RTK-I) was investigated. Analysis of biosynthetically labeled cell and media proteins retrieved after limited pepsin digestion revealed seven or eight collagen chains originating from four distinct collagens (types I, III, IV, V). Type III collagen was identified as the predominant species based on its electrophoretic and chromatographic behavior in the reduced and unreduced states, on the peptide pattern generated by limited cleavage with CNBr and with trypsin, and on the immunofluorescent detection of intracellular, collagen type III reactive material. Evidence for the synthesis of two type IV collagen chains (155 k and 160 k after limited pepsin digestion) was provided by immunofluorescent and electrophoretic studies. Type V collagen was revealed by immunofluorescence, and two, possibly three, component chains were resolved in native type V collagen isolated from the harvest medium. Type I collagen, identified by comigration with authentic carriers, was a constant but quantitatively variable synthetic product. This study provides evidence that keratinocytes produce collagens normally found in mesenchymal matrices (type I and III) in addition to collagens characteristic of basement membranes (type IV) and of pericellular structures (type V). These findings reveal a hitherto unrecognized complexity and heterogeneity of the collagens synthesized by a highly differentiated epithelial cell type. PMID- 7128048 TI - Structure and packing of dry elastoidin: a collagen phase change. AB - Wide angle X-ray patterns of wet shark fin elastoidin always show a very intense meridional streak arising from the small angle diffraction pattern. When the fin ray spicules (ceratotrichia) are permitted to air dry, the pattern departs from the meridian. Studies show that the dry spicules are, in fact, radially anisotropic. Diffraction patterns taken with the X-ray beam perpendicular to the edge of the ribbon-shaped spicules have two distinct arms (with an interarm angle of as much as 70 degrees), while the small angle streak taken with the beam perpendicular to the ribbon face is generally either on the meridian, or is so weak that it cannot be resolved from the background. An analysis of the intensities of the small angle diffraction pattern of the dry form indicate that it has essentially a normal dry collagen structure. Addition of methanol serves only to expand the dry structure, without reversal of the phase transition. These data can be interpreted by postulating that as the wet structure collapses during drying, the collagen molecules tilt in a direct perpendicular to the face of the ribbon, forming domains of molecules with similar axial orientation. The implication is that the original interactions are lost, and the new structure is formed by overlaps between formerly non-interacting molecules. PMID- 7128049 TI - Rotary shadowing of connective tissue macromolecules. PMID- 7128050 TI - Resources rural consumers indicate they would use for mental health problems. AB - This study identified the health resources that rural consumers in DHHS Region V indicated they would use for mental health problems. Data were collected by survey research methods from a probability sample of 3057 rural residents. The study found that rural residents prefer to use primary care givers for mental health problems except in the case of serious mental illness. PMID- 7128051 TI - A typology for the classification of disasters: implications for intervention. AB - A model that can be used to plan for disaster intervention services is presented. The model, which is based upon an ability to classify disasters, presents four dichotomous categories for intervention: (1) psychotherapeutic vs. educational, (2) individual vs. systems, (3) prevention vs. treatment, and (4) direct vs. indirect. The article presents a rationale for determining which intervention, or combination, would be appropriate for any given disaster, based on its classification. PMID- 7128052 TI - A report on a state-wide community mental health center outcome study. AB - The Washington State Mental Health Outcome Study was intended (a) to collect descriptive data on the status of a cross-sectional sample of the client caseload in state mental health centers, and descriptive data on the change between admission and 90-day follow-up of a sample of new admissions to the centers, and (b) to test the feasibility of state-wide mental health outcome studies. Results show highly significant changes between pre- and post-treatment interviews, although since there is no control group the changes cannot be attributed to the treatment programs. The data have been used by state level mental health administrators in presentations to the legislature and to community groups. The Washington strategy is compared with two other approaches to state-wide mental health outcome. PMID- 7128053 TI - Predictors of cancellation in an Oregon involuntary commitment program. AB - The problem of attrition from mental health care programs before such services begin is poorly understood. The present research has identified several variables which predict first appointment cancellations for Oregon involuntary commitment petitioners in behalf of potential clients. The value of such variables is discussed in terms of petitioner attrition from involuntary commitment programs, mental health needs of those petitioning for the involuntary commitment of "allegedly mentally ill" persons, increased mental health program efficiency, and economic benefits for underbudgeted and understaffed mental health care programs. Recommendations to improve community mental health programs in general, and involuntary commitment programs in particular are presented. PMID- 7128054 TI - Mental health service priorities and the BSW. AB - New Priorities in mental health service delivery call for the exploration of previously overlooked sources of mental health personnel whose preparation for practice is adapted to historically underserved populations and service delivery approaches geared to their special needs. One such source are baccalaureate level social workers. This exploratory study of 29 purposively selected baccalaureate social work education programs observes and describes their extensive mental health field instruction, in which the predominant student assignments include case management and related functions stressed in current mental health policy. Implications are drawn regarding the allocation of federal training funds and labor force issues. PMID- 7128055 TI - A psychiatric rehabilitation treatment program: can i recognize one if i see one? AB - Over the last several decades there has been a tremendous growth in the number of community-based settings that indicate that they provide rehabilitation programming to persons with severe psychiatric disabilities. Questions can be raised, however, as to the extent to which these settings are actually providing programs that are rehabilitative in nature. Ten essential ingredients of rehabilitation programming are presented for use in discriminating between programs that are rehabilitation oriented and programs which are rehabilitation in name only. The articulation of these ten essential ingredients can serve as a guide for the continued development of community-based settings which attempt to provide comprehensive rehabilitation programming. PMID- 7128056 TI - Mental health needs assessment: beware of false promises. AB - Needs assessment is considered by experts to be an essential part of mental health planning. Unfortunately, almost anything can pass for a needs assessment. This article briefly examines the methodological limitations of the diverse and unstandardized approaches as well as the conceptual problems associated with needs assessment. The authors suggest that needs assessments could become much more useful if policy-setting and funding bodies would more explicitly state their expectations, if there were greater use of standardized instruments, and if efforts could be directed towards the cataloging of known needs assessment instruments. Further, the state of the art would be advanced if an expert committee could be formed to develop national standards for needs assessments. PMID- 7128057 TI - Animal rabies. Papers presented at the Joint Scientific Meeting on Animal Rabies. 3 to 5 June 1982, Nancy, France. PMID- 7128058 TI - Scanning and freeze-fracture electron microscopy of rabies virus infection in murine neuroblastoma cells. AB - A persistent infection of CVS strain of rabies virus was established in murine neuroblastoma cells, C-1300, by a serial passage of the cells infected with a low input multiplicity. Little cytopathic effects were seen in the infected cultures and the cell growth was not interfered, although 90-100% of the cells were bearing intracytoplasmic inclusions and the infectious virus was constantly recovered from the supernatant. Scanning electron microscopy disclosed preferential budding of the virus from fine cellular processes with a relative sparing of the cell body. Freeze-fracture of the infected cells revealed that the intracytoplasmic inclusion (matrix) was composed of an aggregate of fine particles with a diameter of approximately 200 A. Intramembrane particles were distributed sparsely and randomly in the viral envelope. PMID- 7128059 TI - Avirulent mutants of the CVS strain of rabies virus. AB - Two avirulent mutants of the CVS strain of rabies virus have been isolated on the basis of their loss of sensitivity to antiglycoprotein neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. With the exception of virulence, both retain general characteristics of the CVS strain of the rabies virus. After inoculation, they induce a strong and rapid immune response in adult mice. In this respect, however, they are quite different from the parental CVS strain. Surviving mice are protected against intramuscular challenge with 10(3.4 LD50 of a field isolate of rabies virus. PMID- 7128060 TI - [Role of interferon in rabies immunity]. AB - Cell cultured rabies vaccines, usually induce a good production of interferon. A comparative study shows that vaccines from primary explantation cell cultures are better interferon inducers. Taking into account the importance of this induction in rabies vaccination, a study showing the role of leucocyte interferon (alpha type) is achieved. Results show that leucocyte interferon (originating from the Red Cross, Osaka, Japan and Institut Pasteur Production, Paris) inhibits the formation of fluorescent inclusions and the production of infectious particles in MRC5 cells inoculated with a fixed rabies strain. On the other hand modification of the thymus weight was studied following injections of interferon inducer vaccines and after challenge with a street rabies virus. PMID- 7128061 TI - [Cellular immunity in the red fox vaccinated against rabies. Studies with the lymphocyte transformation test]. AB - The best conditions for performing a lymphocyte transformation test have been studied in the red fox with three phytomitogens: phytohaemagglutinin, concanavalin A and Pokeweed (phytolacca). These assays were carried out with varying different parameters of the reaction, among which concentration of mitogens, nature and duration of the lymphocyte cultures. Isolation of fox lymphocytes gave lower yields than human lymphocytes, but were similar in number to those from other domestic animal species. The best mitogenetic reactivity was observed with concanavalin A (optimal concentration being not very different from one mitogen to another) and the maximum transformation ratio was usually observed after four days of lymphocyte cultivation in round bottom plates. Mean value of stimulation ratio is about ten times less that in man, but not very different from dogs. These results allowed the use of this technique a second time to explore specific stimulations by rabies antigen. These last were observed only in 33% of foxes recently vaccinated against rabies, either with live or inactivated virus vaccine. PMID- 7128062 TI - A summary of antibody titration experiments in some animal species treated with ERA vaccine and an inactivated rabies vaccine. AB - The results of antibody titrations in different animal species vaccinated against rabies are reported. The following points are considered: (1) antibody titration may be used to detect an immunity status in dogs, (2) equines should be vaccinated in infected areas, (3) experiments in progress are comparing ERA vaccine and an inactivated vaccine in bovines, and (4) the vaccination of fallow deer (Dama dama) and moufflons (Ovis ammon musimon) produced results suggesting an extension of the experiment with the purpose of vaccinating wild ruminants whenever possible. PMID- 7128063 TI - [Correlation between the NIH test and the seroneutralizing antibodies obtained after vaccination in the dog]. AB - This work reports on two distinct studies on the analysis of correlation of results of potency tests of rabies vaccine intended for dogs. In a first study, the analysis compares the results of the conventional NIH test in mice with seroneutralizing antibodies obtained after 21 days of vaccination in dogs. Arithmetical analysis (109 NIH results, 466 antibody titres) did not reveal significant linear correlation between the results. In a second study, the analysis compares the results of the conventional NIH test and of the NIH test without booster in mice with seroneutralizing antibodies obtained after 21 days of vaccination in dogs. Arithmetical analysis (27 conventional NIH results (without booster), 118 antibody titres) did not reveal any significant linear correlation between the results. PMID- 7128064 TI - [Haemagglutination inhibition test: improvements, limits and advantages of the method. Comparison with neutralization test]. AB - In this study, we report some technical improvements which enable us to envisage wider use of the haemagglutination test and haemagglutination inhibition of the rabies virus. Moderated trypsination of sensitive red blood cells and their counting are important parameters. An interesting application of the test was the haemagglutination competition enabling the amount of soluble glycoprotein (obtained during the fractionating of the virus components) to be evaluated. From antibody kinetics of vaccinated dogs, a study of the correlation which exists between the IHA titres, SN mice titres and SN-RFFIT titres was carried out. Satisfactory correlation was obtained between these three techniques. PMID- 7128065 TI - Small mammal studies in a SAD baiting area. AB - Studies in the laboratory or in the field on the effect of SAD virus on small rodents are reported. Laboratory experiments by oral inoculation of SAD strain in a wide variety of small mammals led to the conclusion that spontaneous SAD transmission from rodent to rodent is a rare event. Field experiments were conducted by live-trapping, sacrifice and analysis of 192 Apodemus sylvaticus, 28 Clethrionomys glareolus and 48 Crocidura russula. They gave no indication that SAD virus became established in this small animal community on an island after a single exposure to a high density (300 sites on 10 hectares) of vaccine baits. PMID- 7128067 TI - Effectivity of oral vaccination of foxes against rabies with Flury HEP strain 675. AB - A group of 14 adult foxes was orally vaccinated with 2 ml Flury HEP strain 675, titre 10(8.2 TCID50. Each fox seroconverted neutralizing antibody titres ranging between 1:40 and 1:640. These foxes survived an intramuscular challenge with 8000 mouse LD50 pathogenic rabies virus, whereas six out of seven unprotected control foxes died within 28 days. This study was accompanied by virus isolation, fluorescence microscopic examination and neutralization tests. PMID- 7128066 TI - Safety tests with Flury HEP strain 675 in wild-living European mammals. AB - For the evaluation of residual pathogenicity of Flury HEP strain 675, the vaccinal virus was orally administered to 207 animals belonging to 15 wild-living and 1 domestic species. Rabies virus antigen could be demonstrated by FA method in 20 animals. Reisolation of the virus was possible from 23 animals within the first two weeks after application, the titres being very low. During the observation period of 100 days no symptoms of rabies could be observed in the animals tested. PMID- 7128068 TI - A baiting system for the oral rabies vaccination of wild foxes and skunks. AB - A bait delivery system has been developed for red foxes and skunks in Ontario, Canada. A biomarker (Tetracycline HCl) is incorporated into a meatball in a plastic bag. Deposits of tetracycline in teeth are detected microscopically with ultra-violet illumination of undecalcified sections. Baits were dropped from aircraft at the rate of 35 per km2 and accepted by 70% of foxes and 60% of skunks in the test area. Trials of various strains of inactivated vaccines are in progress. PMID- 7128069 TI - [Evaluation of an experimental rabies vaccine by the oral and intestinal route with inactivated vaccines, concentrated or non-concentrated]. AB - Application of beta-propiolactone inactivated rabies vaccine prepared in bovine embryo kidney cells, concentrated or non concentrated, by intestinal or oral route resulted in antibody production in rats and cats. 80-100% of vaccinated rats were protected against challenge with street rabies virus. The same vaccines (lyophilized in gelatin capsules) stimulated antibody production in more than 50% (5/8) cats which received the vaccine by the oral route. PMID- 7128070 TI - [Attenuated rabies virus, ERA strain, in cattle and dogs vaccinated with multiple doses]. AB - Investigation on the vaccination of 18 cattle and 5 dogs against rabies is reported. Each animal received multiple doses of ERA strain vaccine intramuscularly in the gluteal or masseter region. The saliva, the brain and salivary glands of the vaccinated animals were examined to detect the presence of ERA virus using immunofluorescent test and mouse inoculation. The virus was never found in the saliva and organs of treated animals. Circulating antibodies against ERA rabies virus were detected in all vaccinated cattle and dogs. PMID- 7128071 TI - Antibody levels following ERA rabies vaccine in cattle. AB - The humoral response in cattle treated with ERA strain rabies vaccine, was studied utilizing the following criteria: antibody titres determined by RFFIT, seroimmunological monitoring of experimentally vaccinated animals, a comparison of data obtained from cattle vaccinated and maintained under field conditions in the absence of anamnestic information. The average antibody responses in the field experiment are in agreement with the laboratory animal response, both showing highest levels at day 15 after vaccination; at day 30 in both groups the immune response is sensibly lower, to remain then on a constant level after day 90 and stay about 0.5 I.U./ml up to the fifteenth month. PMID- 7128072 TI - [Production of rabies vaccine in animal diploid cells]. AB - Modalities for production of inactivated rabies vaccine derived from diploid hamster cell cultures are reported. The inactivated concentrated virus, purified by zonal centrifugation, is utilised for the preparation of vaccines destinated to carnivores, either in the form of monovalent vaccine or associated with distemper and canine contagious hepatitis vaccines. The inactivated concentrated virus is utilised for the preparation of bovine vaccine. The procedure is compatible with industrial production. The results concerning safety and potency tests of the experimental lots are presented. PMID- 7128073 TI - The structural proteins of rabies virus. AB - The five structural proteins of rabies virus, L, G, N, M1 and M2 have been re evaluated in light of recent results. It has been found that the M1 protein is associated with the N protein which together with the L protein and the RNA forms the nucleocapsid complex. Only the G and M2 proteins could be visualized on the surface of infected cells. Therefore, it is proposed that the M1 protein be renamed NS analogous to vesicular stomatitis virus and that the M2 protein, being the only membrane protein, now be called simply the M protein. PMID- 7128074 TI - Purification, concentration and evaluation of rabies virus antigen. AB - A number of concentration and purification procedures for rabies virus antigen have been developed during the last decades but only ultrafiltration and density gradient centrifugation have been found suitable for large scale production. The antibody binding test developed by Arko, Wiktor and Sikes was modified and was found useful for evaluation of inactivated antigen-concentrates. This test was used as an 'in process' control. Three examples of practical experience are reported and discussed. PMID- 7128075 TI - [Modalities of production and immunity conferred by an inactivated rabies vaccine originating from cell culture]. AB - Further to guidelines advised by the World Health Organization, an inactivated Rabies vaccine was prepared from virus propagated on cell culture. This vaccine is presented either in the freeze-dried form or in the liquid form together with an immunity adjuvant. The specific and nonspecific immunity of the vaccine is excellent. The potency, tested in laboratory animals and in species for which the vaccine is intended, satisfies recommendations published by the W.H.O. The immunity persistence, evaluated by the titration of serum antibodies and by challenge with a pathogenic virus, proves to be excellent 3 years following primovaccination. Finally, the stability of this vaccine is an interesting factor for its application, especially in the form of a combined vaccine. PMID- 7128076 TI - Potency of two rabies vaccines in cats as determined by antibody assay and virulent virus challenge. AB - The persistence of immunity induced by a modified live virus rabies vaccine (SAD strain) and an inactivated rabies vaccine combined with panleukopenia vaccine in cats was studied serologically and by virulent rabies virus challenge. The source of challenge virus was a suspension of a dog salivary gland. All 16 cats vaccinated with the inactivated vaccine developed high antibody titres and 15 were protected against the virus challenge. All 8 cats vaccinated with the MLV vaccine produced a serological immune response but 5 cats were not protected against the virus challenge. Some reasons for this phenomenon are discussed. PMID- 7128079 TI - Fox society, contact rate and rabies epizootiology. AB - The social behaviour of red foxes Vulpes vulpes is flexible and is adapted to their environment. Consequently social organization varies from one habitat to another under the influence of factors such as the availability of food and the pattern of mortality. Variations in social behaviour between fox populations are mirrored in different frequencies of encounters between individual foxes and hence in potentially different 'contact rates' for rabies. We present a computer model whose simulations indicate that such variation in contact rate is of overriding importance in the epizootiology of vulpine rabies, and so emphasize the importance to rabies control of understanding the behavioural ecology of foxes. PMID- 7128077 TI - Potency testing of inactivated rabies vaccines in mice, dogs and cats. AB - The high variability that exists in the NIH potency test for inactivated rabies vaccines is well known. To control this variability, the use of a reference preparation of rabies vaccine in parallel with the test vaccines is recommended. However, our data indicate, that the NIH test is more variable when calculating antigenic values using the reference vaccine CRV1 than when calculating only PD50 values. We immunized the mice with a single dose of different vaccine dilutions. As our results suggest, the antibody assay in immunized mice used for the NIH test, seems to be the best possible manner to determine the potency of inactivated rabies vaccines. The antigenic value of the NIH test does not correlate with the antibody status in immunized cats and dogs, but a correlation between antibody titres in mice and dogs appears to exist. PMID- 7128078 TI - [Population (age and sex) structure of foxes in rabies-free and invaded areas]. AB - Post mortem analysis of 1259 foxes from all over France, between 1976 and 1980, allowed comparison of age-structure of fox populations from long-time invaded areas (enzootic situation) or rabies-free areas. Heads received for rabies diagnosis have been aged by the cementum annulation technique, the sex of 650 of these foxes was known or fixed by examination of cells of the brain tissue for sex chromatin (found only in females). Results led to the generalization that young foxes (5-13 months) contracted rabies less frequently than did other ones. Consequently in rabies enzootic areas the age-structure of the fox population was lowered. The effect of 'gazage des terriers' (i.e. shooting foxes bolted from their holes with tear gas), which killed four females for each male, probably reduced the proportion of vixen in the population. No other obvious differences existed between sex-ratios. Consequently rabies does not seem to exercise any influence on this second parameter. The consequence of these results on the fox culling is discussed. PMID- 7128080 TI - The effect of rabies on different fox populations in the South-West of the Federal Republic of Germany. AB - Changes in fox densities during a rabies epidemic were followed in four study areas of different babitats around Saarbrucken in the south-west of the Federal Republic of Germany. Relative density estimates were carried out by snow tracking, search of dens, bait acceptance, and using hunting figures. The direct mortal effect of rabies was highly habitat dependent; in the two forest habitats only a few rabies cases were reported and initially no population decline was observed, while rabies cases were numerous and population decline drastic in the two mainly cultivated study areas. After the front wave had moved through, the rural forest population slowly decreased, while at the same time a partial recovery was observed in the cultivated study areas. Dispersal of foxes from the forest to more open habitats is believed to be the reason. The results are discussed in respect to rabies reservoirs and habitat related fox and rabies control. PMID- 7128081 TI - Ecology of dogs in the Central Philippines in relation to rabies control efforts. AB - Rabies is endemic in dogs but has no other host as reservoir in the Philippines. Essential to programmes of rabies control is an understanding of the ecology of dogs and their relationships to human society. In the central Philippines, where this study was conducted before and during rabies control efforts, most households in rural 'barangays' or communities owned one or more dogs which served as guards, as scavengers and, in some, as a source of meat--but not as pets to be handled and played with. A second important category of dogs comprised those which foraged semi-self-sufficiently but were recognized by the barangay residents as belonging to the community. The number of these dogs was determined by the carrying capacity of the community, but their population was dependent upon cast-off owned dogs as their fecundity was below maintenance levels. Killing of any dogs, except for meat or in the event of suspicion of rabies, was of low social acceptance. In urban centres, upper class residents owned dogs as guards or pets but their employees, who often lived within their compounds, related to their dogs as did rural residents. Middle class families maintained greater control over their dogs. In lower class urban districts, a continual influx of dogs which on occasion were incubating rabies, plus the large size of many such districts, enabled them to serve as continual foci of infection. In this setting, rabies control was most effectively achieved by teams of vaccinators going house to house, capturing and injecting all dogs whether owned or belonging to the community. The immunization of 80% or more of the dogs was readily achieved and brought rabies under complete control. PMID- 7128082 TI - Fox den sites and the patterns of their use. AB - In different habitats around Saarbrucken, all fox dens were searched systematically and their use by foxes checked regularly. Most of the dens used were not dug by the foxes themselves. In the wooded sandstone areas, den sites are plentiful, allowing the foxes a wide choice. In the agricultural limestone area, dens are restricted to a few suitable places. During the breeding season, foxes spent their inactive periods mainly inside the dens. At other times, dens seemed to have mainly social functions. The distribution of foxes can be heavily influenced by the distribution of suitable dens. The influence of reducing foxes in dens by gassing and shooting on population dynamics is discussed. It is suggested that it can be a density-limiting mortality factor in areas with restricted den availability. PMID- 7128083 TI - The use of baits to estimate fox numbers. AB - Within a research project on red fox ecology in different habitats around Saarbrucken a new method to estimate fox numbers has been developed. Baits are laid out on a 13 km2 large core area within each study area. In each km2 four times two chicken heads are deposited once a month, each time in a different site. The bait acceptance seems to reflect relative fox densities very well if compared with other estimates like the use of automatic cameras, tracking in snow or distribution of used fox dens. It is a cheap, quick and easy to handle method to estimate fox densities in different habitats during all seasons of the year. A number of factors (behavioural adaptations meteorological conditions, natural food resources, and competitor species) that may influence bait acceptance are discussed. PMID- 7128084 TI - [Radio-tracking of rabid foxes]. AB - Three wild foxes were trapped, inoculated with rabid fox salivary glands virus and radio-tracked straightaway for about three weeks until the death of the animal. Comparison of movements between incubation and clinical period indicate principally no obvious alteration of the activity area; an important increase in movement, especially during the day-time and lastly some variable changes in the activity pattern according to the individual. A common characteristic was a long period of immobility, before death, near the border of the usual activity area. In connection with these remarks, many sub-cutaneous lesions were observed from bites on the body of one of these three foxes, after necropsy. Epidemiological consequences of these first results were argued, especially as far as transmission of rabies from one fox to another is concerned. PMID- 7128085 TI - [Relations between fox populations and halting the rabies in North Rhine Westphalia]. AB - Since Sylvatic rabies started in North Rhine-Westphalia in 1953 many epidemics have occurred, only in mid-mountain areas. As a characteristic, epidemics halted, in each case at the limit between big game (in south-east) and small game (in the north-west) hunting areas. The fact that rabies died out when reaching these limits is surprising for, according to the number of foxes killed in small game hunting areas, there was a fox density which usually does not allow the epidemic to stop. Explanation of this phenomenon could be the different hunting methods. Indeed in small game hunting areas 80% of killed foxes are cubs or sub-adults. Which means that most of the growing population is destroyed early enough, in contrast with big game hunting areas where less than half of the killed foxes are cubs or sub-adults. This is why in big game hunting areas, better conditions are found for rabies appearance than in the other type of hunting area. Studying the number of foxes killed, these relations are described for three regions of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is obviously very important in rabies control that, besides other measures, growing foxes are killed in priority. PMID- 7128086 TI - Rabies epizootiology and control methods in Czechoslovakia. AB - In Czechoslovakia from 1976-1980. 26,306 animals from 44 different species were examined for rabies. A total of 3270 rabies cases were diagnosed during this period. Foxes account for 90% of all cases. Rabies in domestic animals is reported only sporadically. Rabies was permanently established in the mountainous border regions up to the year 1975. Since 1976 the wave of rabies has gradually spread to the interior of the country. The border mountains did not restrict the movement of foxes, which are responsible for carrying the disease, towards the interior. The river Vltava has stemmed the spreading of rabies for more than two years but it cannot be considered an absolute natural barrier. A bounty of 150 Crowns is paid for every fox handed over to the Veterinary Service. In districts with rabies incidence the gassing of fox dens is carried out. The principal measures relating to domestic animals are the compulsory, and charge free, vaccination of dogs in the whole country. PMID- 7128087 TI - Rabies in the Federal Republic of Germany. AB - During the present epizootic (sylvatic rabies), rabies has been present in the Federal Republic since 1950. In general rabies incidence is lower in the low lying land of the north and west. In the central Federal Republic, rabies incidence is higher east of the Rhine than to the west. In addition, the pattern of incidence appears to differ on either side of the river. PMID- 7128088 TI - [Evolution of rabies focus in Malaga]. AB - Authors describe the evolution of a canine rabies focus which started in 1975 in the Spanish province of Malaga, probably from a North African rabid dog. This focus, which spread mainly in 1975-1976 is considered now as eradicated, thanks to vaccination and control of dog populations. Two fox rabies cases, reported in 1977, were not followed by the development of a selvatic rabies epizootic. PMID- 7128089 TI - [Rabies in Algeria. Recrudescence and new epizootic aspect]. PMID- 7128090 TI - [Control of wildlife rabies in North-Eastern Italy]. AB - The authors describe the propagation of wildlife rabies in the Bolzano province of north-eastern Italy in 1977 by means of the crossing of the Italian-Austrian border, and the disappearance of the infection after a decrease in fox density. They establish a relationship between the intensity of fox decrease at the beginning of rabies contamination of the territory and during the following years and the final disappearance of the infection. In order to show indirectly the supported thesis, they take into consideration the results found in the Udine province nearby, where the struggle resulted in failure because of lack of motivation, organization and funds. They studied at the same time, the development of wildlife rabies on the border of Venetian regions and Austria, which is a steep mountainous barrier 300 km long. During four years, rabies entered Italy from Austria six times. Two times into territory already undergoing fox-decreasing programmes, and kept under control. In the last case, the infection did not propagate, striking only one fox that crossed the border. PMID- 7128091 TI - [Influence of rabies virus culture duration on viral glycoprotein integrity]. AB - Regardless of the duration of the culture period, the amount of both glycoprotein G and sialic acid bound to the rabies virion as not modified. The major proteins of the viral suspension were the same proteins as those of the virion, except one glycoprotein (MW 70,000). PMID- 7128092 TI - [Possible role of ticks as a reservoir of rabies virus]. AB - In Western Europe the fox and other carnivora are parasitized by two specific ticks. The study of host-parasite relationships and knowledge of rabies epidemiology led us to investigate for a possible part played by ticks as reservoir of rabies virus. Several hundreds of ticks (Pholeoixodes hexagonus and Pholeoixodes canisuga) were collected on wild foxes. Ticks collected from naturally infected rabid foxes were set on healthy foxes in order to contaminate them. Ticks collected from non-rabid foxes were set on healthy foxes in order to contaminate them. Ticks collected from non-rabid foxes were inoculated with rabies virus (fox salivary glands), and put on other healthy foxes. In all these experiments, ticks, inoculated or not, had usual feeding behaviour. No fox was rabid following infestation by ticks inoculated or collected from rabid foxes. Specific ticks of foxes do not appear to be a passive vector nor a reservoir of rabies virus in Western Europe. PMID- 7128093 TI - [Modelling of spatial evolution and dynamics of a population of healthy then rabies infected foxes]. AB - The authors describe the main feature of a computer model which helps to simulate the evolution of a rabies epi-enzootic in foxes. They show first the goals and interests of the study, then the originality of used methodology. Their results deal successively with dynamic evolution of a healthy population of foxes, then with this same population infected with rabies and, at last, spatial and temporal evolution of the enzootics. Simulated results are discussed by comparison with those observed in the field. PMID- 7128094 TI - [Activities of the diagnosis centre of the Institut Pasteur de Lyon 1976-1980]. AB - A report is presented of five years of work in the Rabies Diagnosis Centre at Lyon. This Centre, supported by the Ministry of Health at the Institut Pasteur of Lyon, investigates the diagnosis in animals of having contaminated humans. During these five years 4012 samples from animals were analysed, 179 of which being diagnosed as rabid (i.e. 4.53%). Four samples from humans were also analysed, one of which being positive. Data collected concerning rabid animals are compared to national or regional data. Studies of various methods used (immunofluorescence test, inoculation in mice, histology--Dr. J.-A. Grimaud and Dr. M. Chevallier) for diagnosis allowed evaluation of each of them. Some of these analyses were completed by bacteriological studies (Dr. E.-N. Guillermet). Besides this diagnosis the Centre takes part in epidemiological study of the disease, maintains a virus collection and allows diagnosis of other zoonosis or anthropozoonosis useful for veterinarians and for better protection of human health. PMID- 7128098 TI - [Molecular and cellular aspects of the pathogenesis of rabies]. AB - The true causes of the beginning of the symptoms and the eventual mortality of rabies are not very well known. Immunopathological factors certainly intervene, but they only complete a process of neuronal alteration. Contrary to other viruses which lyse the infected cells, the rabies virus does not necessarily destroy the neurones which are the preferential target cells. On the contrary, RNA synthesis is stimulated during CNS infection by the rabies virus. Synthesis is not stimulated by the multiplication of the rabies virus in the cell lines of fibroblastic or neuronal origin, which suggests the existence of regulations on neuronal level functions in the CNS. Nevertheless, the protein virus synthesis seemed equally submitted to specific neuron regulations or neuronal populations. The traces of a neuronal dysfunction during infection by the rabies virus have been investigated, using as a probe, variations of muscarinic acetyl choline receptors in the CNS. The presence of these receptors is revealed by the use of an antagonistic ligand of acetyl choline, quinuclidinyl benzylate. We were able to show that as regards the rat, the appearance of the first signs of paralysis is correlated with the diminution of the receptor binding. Thus, it seems that the presence of the virus in the CNS provokes neuronal alteration which can in itself condition the viral multiplication and eventually modulate the viral pathogenesis expression. PMID- 7128095 TI - [Control of rabies in France]. AB - The author reports the rabies situation in France, where it spread from Germany, in 1968, then from Switzerland. Progression of the disease has decreased since 1977, thanks to different measures. Offensive: reduction of fox population, aided by financial support and bounties to hunters, together with den gassing and night shooting. Killing of contaminated domestic animals and control of stray dogs. Defensive: vaccination of domestic animals, compulsory, optional or incitative according to each case, vaccination of wild animals not yet envisaged. Preventive public information. PMID- 7128097 TI - [Night shooting of foxes applied to control of rabies]. AB - Night shooting was used for the first time in the Haute-Savoie region of France in 1979 and 1980. This method has proved effective and has many advantages, particularly absolute selectivity. Roughly ten provinces use this method, which is able to render a great deal of help as far as a supplementary method in control of rabies is concerned. PMID- 7128096 TI - Measures applied in Denmark to control the rabies epizootic in 1977-1980. AB - Rabies reappeared in Denmark close to its southern border during the autumn of 1977 after having been absent since 1970. A combat area adjacent to the border was immediately established. Measures applied within the area to control the disease included compulsory vaccination of all dogs and a reduction of the fox population by gassing with cyanide, strychnine poisoning and shooting. A total of 371 laboratory confirmed cases of rabies have been recorded during 1977-1980; in 1977 (6), 1978 (163), 1979 (165) and in 1980 (37). Rabies has been reported in the following species: fox (306), cattle (40), marten (18), sheep (5), horse (1) and deer (1). There has been no human, canine nor feline rabies during the epizootic. PMID- 7128099 TI - [Progression of the rabies virus in the visual system of the rat]. AB - The CVS rabies virus, inoculated in the anterior chamber of the eye, is transported from the retina to the central nervous system only along the accessory optic tract and invades transsynaptically its terminal nuclei. On the other hand the retino-geniculo-cortical system is affected much later. Thus the virus shows a special affinity for a well defined neuronal system and behaves as a precise tracer of its intracerebral connections. PMID- 7128102 TI - Comparative DNA/DNA reassociation kinetics in three hamster species. AB - 1. Three major DNA repetition classes can be distinguished in the genomes of three hamster species Mesocricetus auratus, Cricetulus griseus, and Phodopus sungorus sungorus: A very fast reassociating fraction of about 13% of the DNA, a fast reassociating fraction comprising 10-23% of the DNA, and a slowly reassociating fraction containing single-copy sequences of 63-78% of hamster DNA. 2. In the DNA of the Syrian and Djungarian hamster 43%-53%, and in the DNA of the Chinese hamster 80% of the single-copy sequences are interspersed with repetitive sequences. 3. The lengths of repetitive DNA sequences, vary between more than 3 kb and 0.3 kb, with the majority of sequences having a length of 0.3 kb to 0.5 kb. 4. The findings suggest that the genomes of the hamster species studied are organized in a short period interspersion pattern. 5. Unlike other vertebrate and invertebrate genomes, moderately repetitive sequences exhibit a high degree of intraspecific homology in the hamster genome. PMID- 7128103 TI - Characterization of glutathione S-transferase activity in Echinococcus granulosus. AB - 1. Glutathione S-transferase activity has been characterized in protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus. 2. The conjugation reaction was activated by treatment of protoscolices with phenobarbital and beta-naphthoflavone. 3. Protoscolices of E. granulosus contained the conjugation cofactor glutathione in the amount of 287 nmol/g fresh tissue. 4. Conjugation may represent an important factor in the resistance of the parasite to drugs. PMID- 7128101 TI - Electrophoretic analyses of atrial and ventricular cardiac myosins from foetal and adult rabbits. AB - 1. Rabbit cardiac myosins from atrium and ventricle were found to differ in their native form in pyrophosphate gel electrophoresis as well as in their light chain pattern in one- and two-dimensional electrophoretic systems. 2. The myosin light chain pattern in sodium dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis differs between atrial and ventricular tissues in the mammalians (rabbit, dog, human, pig, sheep and rat) but not in the chicken. 3. In foetal rabbit ventricle an additional light chain is observed which, in two-dimensional electrophoresis with adult cardiac light chains, was found to be the same as atrial light chain-1. PMID- 7128100 TI - Rabies virus pathogenicity and challenge. Influence of the method of preparation, the route of inoculation, and the species. Comparison of the characteristics of the modified, fixed and wild strains. AB - The challenge we carried out, which regularly brought about the death of the control animals, led us to study the different factors influencing the pathogenicity of the rabies virus. So, the method of preparation is important. The strain NYC, prepared from the salivary glands is extremely pathogenic for dogs; however, when it is prepared from mouse brains after nine passages have been made, it proves to be already partially modified. One then notices a death rate which is less severe, even when larger quantities of virus are employed, and also the presence of some aberrant phenomena. (The survival of some of the infected animals and the nature of their inapparent forms of infection were confirmed by serology.) The significance of the route of inoculation in the different species of animals was studied. The injection in the crotaphytes was reserved for dogs, the cervical muscles for cats and the masseters for sheep. Paradoxically, cats prove to be most resistant to the challenge under our conditions. Finally the numerical data, allowing us to compare the different strains, modified, fixed or wild, was established. The data was based on the incubation period and on the differences between the titres obtained via intramuscular routes and intracerebral routes in the mice. PMID- 7128104 TI - Plasma unesterified fatty acid and triacylglycerol concentration of the goat (Capra hircus) during pregnancy and lactation. AB - 1. The concentrations of unesterified fatty acids and triacylglycerol were measured in plasma obtained from goats at various stages of pregnancy and lactation. 2. The plasma unesterified fatty acid concentration increased during the last third of pregnancy: highest concentrations were found at parturition and during early lactation. 3. The plasma triacylglycerol concentration showed a transient increase during mid-pregnancy: the concentration fell around parturition and no evidence for hypertriglyceridemia was found during late pregnancy. 4. Results are compared with those of other studies of ruminant and non-ruminant species. PMID- 7128106 TI - Activator proteins for lipoprotein lipase from bovine plasma: preparation by adsorption to Intralipid. AB - A method has been developed for preparation from bovine plasma of the apolipoproteins which activate lipoprotein lipase. The method is based on the known ability of these proteins to transfer from the plasma lipoproteins to the lipid droplets of Intralipid. The protein lipid complexes were harvested and washed by low speed centrifugation, the proteins were then delipidated and separated by gel filtration in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride followed by anion exchange chromatography in 6 M urea. By this method batches of 5-1. bovine plasma can readily be processed, yielding about 20 mg of purified activators. These separated into three fractions, the properties of which suggest that they are isoproteins. PMID- 7128105 TI - A comparative study of carnitine and acylcarnitine concentration in semen and male reproductive tract fluids. AB - 1. L-carnitine and its short-chain acyl derivatives were measured in semen of boar, man, rooster, bull, squirrel monkey and ram. 2. Carnitine was present in concentrations of 220, 476, 540, 1880, 3330 and 3820 muM respectively, and acetylcarnitine concentrations were 2, 191, 354, 709, 259 and 2750 muM. Propionyl and C4-acyl carnitines were found in small quantities. 3. Analysis of sequential "Split-ejaculate" samples of boar semen showed that carnitine concentration correlated with sperm count, suggesting an epididymal origin for this substance in this species. 4. Bioautographic analysis of samples obtained from ram and rat indicated that carnitine and acetylcarnitine were present in epididymal fluid and in fluids from accessory glands of the male reproductive tract. PMID- 7128107 TI - Uptake and metabolism of choline by the embryonic heart of the chick in vitro. AB - 1. The uptake and metabolism of [14C]choline was investigated in isolated hearts from 4- to 14-day-old chick embryos. 2. A high-affinity uptake system of choline was present in hearts from all ages of embryos examined: the Km values were 9-11 muM, while the Vmax values ranged from 5 (14-day ventricles) to 77 (4-day atria) pmol choline/mg protein/min. 3. Hemicholinium-3, metabolic inhibitors, low temperature and low Na+ concentrations reduced the high-affinity uptake process. 4. The accumulated choline was converted mainly into phosphorylcholine in 4-day hearts, while the percentage of conversion into acetylcholine increased in older embryos. PMID- 7128108 TI - Levels of phosphoprotein in the eggs and ovaries of some fish species. AB - 1. Protein (alkali-labile) phosphorus levels are given as percentages of the dry weight of mature eggs of fishes (one elasmobranch and seven teleost species). Levels in the eggs of the five marine-spawning teleosts are much lower (10-300 times) than in the two freshwater-spawning teleosts examined. 2. The protein phosphorus content of the dry matter of developing plaice eggs decreases by a factor of 20 during the later stages of development (maturation) before ovulation. 3. It is proposed that protein-linked phosphate may be utilised, possibly as a source of energy, during the massive water uptake which accompanies egg maturation in many marine species, including plaice. PMID- 7128109 TI - Binding of homologous versus heterologous low density lipoproteins by different tissues of the rat. AB - 1. The ability of five different tissues of the rat to bind homologous and heterologous (human) low density lipoprotein (LDL) was compared. 2. Human LDL was as effective as rat LDL in displacing rat [125I]LDL from the plasma membrane fraction of rat skeletal muscle. 3. Membranes from rat liver appeared to have no affinity for homologous LDL, while human LDL was slightly more effective in displacing labeled rat LDL from this tissue. 4. A similar pattern of displacement was observed in membranes derived from rat heart. 5. In contrast, membranes from both the aorta and adrenal glands of the rat displayed a significantly greater affinity for binding LDL of homologous origin. 6. These results suggest that lipoprotein receptors analogous to those described for cultured human cells may exist in the rat and that individual tissues exhibit distinctly different affinities for binding LDL of both homologous and human origin. PMID- 7128110 TI - Adaptation of urate synthesis in chicken liver. AB - 1. Urate synthesis was measured in hepatocytes from chickens after starvation or high-protein feeding. Adaptation occurred only on the high-protein diet. 2. The theoretical balances of reactions from alanine (5 alanine + 3 O2 = urate + 1.5 glucose + glycine) and asparagine (3 asparagine + 2 O2 = urate + ammonia + 0.5 glucose + glycine) agree reasonably well with the experimental results. 3. Enzymes directly involved in urate synthesis from these amino acids increase up to 12-fold on the high-protein diet; only amidophosphoribosyltransferase activity appears to be rate-limiting for urate synthesis. 4. The processes of nitrogen disposal in chicken and rat are compared and discussed. PMID- 7128111 TI - Partial purification and characterization of particulate acid phosphatase of Leishmania donovani promastigotes. AB - 1. More than 90% of the total acid phosphatase activity in a sonicate of L. donovani promastigotes is contained in a particulate fraction (200,000 X g 30 min). The enzyme can be quantitatively extracted and solubilized with the aid of Triton X-100 (0.2 g/100 ml) and purified over 200-fold with 54% yield by chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex, QAE-Sephadex, Sepharose 4B and concanavalin-A Sepharose. 2. The phosphatase is a true acid hydrolase (pH optimum, 5.0-5.5) and has a rather broad substrate specificity; it will catalyze the hydrolysis of 4 methylumbelliferylphosphate, thymolphthalein diphosphate, pyridoxal phosphate, fructose 1,6-diphosphate, glucose 6-phosphate, glucose 1-phosphate, ADP and AMP. 3. It is a large (170,000 daltons in the presence of Triton X-100), stable and acidic enzyme (pI = 4.1) that has the electrophoretic mobility of a type zero or type 1 isoenzyme in acid (pH 4.3) polyacrylamide gels. 4. The enzyme is inhibited by sodium fluoride, 2-mercaptoethanol and mumolar amounts of a number of polyanionic molybdenum and heavy metal complexes that include the following: [C(NH2)3]4[(C3H7O3PO3)2Mo5O15] X 3H2O, [C(NH2)3]2[(C6H5)2AsMo4O15H] X H2O, (NH4)4[SiMo12O40] X H2O and (NH4)6[P2Mo18O62] X 9H2O. 5. L. donovani promastigotes contain very low levels of 10 other acid pH optimum hydrolytic enzymes, with the exception of modest levels of alpha-fucosidase. PMID- 7128114 TI - Studies of the DNA of Amoeba proteus and Amoeba indica. AB - 1. The G + C content of the DNAs of Amoeba proteus and Amoeba indica was determined by buoyant density gradient centrifugation. 2. Generally, different clones of the same strains did not differ in the G + C content of their main DNA or their satellite DNA. 3. The G + C content of the main DNA of the TD and XD strains of A. proteus were the same (25.3 and 29.3% respectively) as were the G + C contents of the satellite DNA (54.7 and 61.8% respectively). 4. The main and satellite DNAs are reversed for the F strain of A. proteus and the I strain of A. indica; the G + C contents of the main DNA being 57.4 and 59.8% respectively and those of the satellite DNA being 23.5 and 28.4% respectively. 5. The heterologous hybrids produced by nuclear transplantation between the A strain of A. proteus and the I strain of A. indica have the same G + C content in their main and satellite DNAs as do their cytoplasmic parents. 6. The data suggest that the occurrence of phenotypic variations does not necessarily mean an alteration in the G + C content of either main or satellite DNA. 7. There is also evidence that the G + C content of these DNAs in under cytoplasmic control. PMID- 7128115 TI - Unusual behaviour of NADP-linked malic enzyme from crustacean tissues on 2',5' ADP-Sepharose 4B. AB - 1. Essential differences in the binding of NADP-dependent malic enzymes from mammals, fish and crustacea to 2',5' ADP-Sepharose 4B have been shown. 2. The enzymes from mammalian and fish tissues interact with 2',5' ADP-Sepharose, whereas the enzymes from crayfish Orconectes limosus and shrimp Crangon crangon tissues do not. 3. These results provide evidence that 2',5' ADP-Sepharose cannot be used for the purification of NADP-dependent malic enzyme from crayfish and shrimp and indicate presumably a structural difference in the NADP-binding site of crustacean enzyme. PMID- 7128113 TI - Subcellular distribution, and physical and immunological properties of hepatic alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferase isoenzymes in different mammalian species. AB - 1. Subcellular distribution, and physical and immunological properties of hepatic alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferase isoenzymes 1 and 2 were examined with ten different mammalian species. 2. Intracellular organelles containing isoenzyme 1 varied from species to species; isoenzyme 1 was located in the peroxisomes, mitochondria or both organelles. In contrast, isoenzyme 2 was found only in the mitochondria but not in the peroxisomes. 3. In any species, isoenzyme 1 had molecular weight of approx. 80,000 with two identical subunits, and isoenzyme 2 approx. 200,000 with four identical subunits. 4. In any species, an immunological cross-reactivity was observed among isoenzymes 1 and among isoenzymes 2 but did not between isoenzymes 1 and isoenzymes 2. PMID- 7128112 TI - Mitochondrial NADH oxidase activity of adult Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda). AB - 1. Mitochondria from adult Hymenolepis diminuta displayed a membrane-associated, rotenone-sensitive NADH oxidase and NADH-dependent fumarate reductase system. 2. Both the H. diminuta oxidase and fumarate reductase were relatively insensitive to antimycin A. potassium cyanide and sodium azide, at concentrations which significantly inhibited the NADH oxidase system of rat liver. 3. Malonate effectively depressed the mitochondrial NADH oxidase activity of both H. diminuta and adult Ascaris suum (Nematoda). 4. An involvement of Mn2+ ion, in NADH utilization by the H. diminuta oxidase, was apparent. 5. The utilization of NAD(P)H by H. diminuta, mitochondrial membranes resulted in hydrogen peroxide formation. Succinate utilization also resulted in peroxide accumulation but at a much slower rate than that found for NAD(P)H. PMID- 7128116 TI - Postprandial level of free amino acids in fish brain. AB - 1. Free amino acids were examined in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) brain 3, 6, 24 and 72 hr after a meal. 2. In common carp brain glutamic acid (409.6 +/- 37.6 mg/100 g dry matter), threonine (232.8 +/- 24.6) and histidine (191.3 +/- 70.1) were the most abundant free amino acids. 3. The ratios between the brain and the whole blood concentrations (B/W) expressed as the amounts of moles per tissue water were examined. 4. Glutamic acid, histidine, threonine, alanine, methionine, serine and glycine were found in consistently higher concentration in fish brain than in blood. PMID- 7128119 TI - Special issue on fish biochemistry. PMID- 7128117 TI - Lipogenesis during the development of the rat ventral prostate. AB - 1. The relative proportions of fatty acids, both in total lipids and in the different classes of lipids of the ventral prostate, have been determined during the rat development. 2. Based on the degree of unsaturation, a remarkable variation in the distribution of fatty acids within the different groups of lipids was observed. 3. Incorporation studies of [1-14C]acetate into triacylglycerols and phospholipids during the development showed a crossing zone coincident with the puberty. 4. Storing lipids (triacylglycerols) and structural lipids such as phospholipids were mostly synthesized before and after sexual maturation respectively. PMID- 7128118 TI - An investigation of the co-operative binding of carbon monoxide to the haemoglobin of the carpet shark Cephaloscyllium. AB - 1. Carpet Shark haemoglobin shows co-operative equilibrium CO binding at pH 7.0 (n = 1.8). 2. Flash photolysis shows that the T form of the protein is stabilised at low pH and in the presence of Inositol Hexaphosphate (I.H.P.). 3. At high pH the R form of the protein is stabilised and exhibits kinetic heterogeneity, assigned to different chain reactivities. 4. Stopped flow and flash photolysis under various conditions allows estimates to be made of the association and dissociation rates of CO binding for the two forms of the protein. 5. The functionality of the protein, with regard to CO binding, can be described by a modified two state model. PMID- 7128120 TI - Iterative weighted regression analysis of logit responses: a computer program for analysis of bioassays and immunoassays. AB - A program, WRANL, is described for the analysis of immunoassays or bioassays which have a logistic dose-response relationship. Responses are transformed to logits and iterative weighted regression analysis is used to obtain log dose logit response lines for all preparations compared in an assay. Potency estimates of preparations relative to the standard preparation are available for both unweighted and weighted regression analyses together with detailed analysis of variance, estimates of slope and other relevant parameters. The general comparisons of dose-response relationships produced by the program are a feature of particular interest. However, an option which suppresses the more general output is available if the program is to be used for analysis of a 'screening' assay comparing single dilutions or doses of test samples with a standard curve. Data input is designed to permit immediate running of the program by junior personnel. Data output is designed to facilitate record keeping. PMID- 7128121 TI - A general APL program for maximum likelihood estimation or other function maximization using numerical differentiation. PMID- 7128122 TI - A computer program for the analysis of structural identifiability and equivalence of linear compartmental models. AB - A FORTRAN program based on the sufficient and necessary algebraic condition for structural identifiability is presented. In the case of an unidentifiable model the program generates all identifiable submodels that are structurally equivalent to the original model in the given input--output experiment. The parametrization vector of the model may include first-order and zero-order transport rate coefficients, unknown distribution volumes and initial conditions, as well as unknown elements of input and output matrices. Any a priori constraint imposed upon the parameters may be taken into account. An attempt is made to reduce input data requirements preserving generality of the program. PMID- 7128124 TI - Dynamic simulation of pharmacokinetic systems using the electrical circuit analysis program SPICE2. AB - The electrical circuit simulation program SPICE2 is used to perform computer simulations of linear and non-linear pharmacokinetic systems. This is achieved by applying novel network thermodynamic principles which make use of the analogy between the conservation laws of chemical reactions and mass transport and Kirchoff's laws of current and voltage balance for electrical circuits. A simple description of program input for general pharmacokinetic simulation as well as simulation of complex pharmacokinetic and physiologic phenomena such as single and multiple divided daily dosing, Michaelis--Menten kinetics, gastric emptying cycle, drug resorption and linear and non-linear drug protein binding is provided. Drug concentrations or amounts in different compartments are graphically obtained or tabulated as time functions. The economy of time and effort afforded by this program is illustrated by simulating the metabolism and accumulation kinetics of salicylic acid on single and repeated divided dosing. The advantages of SPICE2 over other available simulation packages and its educational value as a teaching and research tool are discussed. PMID- 7128125 TI - Computing adrenal uptakes with compact, fixed-size regions. AB - In planar nuclear medicine imaging of the adrenal gland, there are three requirements for an uptake determination: finding the region of interest, subtracting 'background', and converting cps to muCi. A computer program that covers each requirement is outlined. The region of interest is determined by a nearest-neighbor region-growing technique. It starts from an operator-chosen center, searches for the hottest pixels, and terminates when a fixed-size region is found. If the resulting region is unacceptable, recourse to a second level of searching, which produces a more compact region, is possible. Background from underlying and overlying tissue is estimated from the average counts/pixel in a narrow 'ring' surrounding the adrenal. Conversion to muCi is carried out by use of a calibration equation which requires a value for the adrenal depth. This value may be obtained from a lateral view. The program is available in listing form. For use with a Medical Data Systems A2 computer, files can be transferred directly. Parameters which should be changed for the use of the program with another camera-collimator system are noted. PMID- 7128123 TI - Survival models based upon the logistic and log--logistic distributions. AB - LOGC and LOGLOGC are interactive FORTRAN programs which fit the logistic and log- logistic regression models to censored survival data. Maximum likelihood estimates of parameters and estimates of their standard errors are given together with the corresponding log-likelihood. Survivorship functions, median remaining lifetimes and estimates of confidence intervals for these functions are given. Residual plotting is incorporated to assess the goodness of fit and can be plotted as can the survivorship function and median remaining lifetime estimates together with their corresponding confidence limits. PMID- 7128126 TI - Out-patient knee cartilage surgery: a review of 200 consecutive arthroscopic partial meniscectomies. PMID- 7128127 TI - Left atrial thrombosis in a patient with a mitral bioprosthesis: non-embolic complications. PMID- 7128128 TI - Evaluation of fine needle aspiration of breast masses. PMID- 7128129 TI - Death, the physician, and the process of medicine. PMID- 7128131 TI - Potency of progestogens in oral contraceptives--further delay of menses data. AB - The original Delay of Menses Test was designed to provide a guide to suitable starting dosages in formulating new contraceptives. The ability of progestogens to maintain uterine hemostasis was measured and a potency relationship among progestogens was predicated. No delay of menses data previously reported have related to tests of progestogens combined with the same dose of estrogen as used in current oral contraceptives. The Delay of Menses Test was repeated using a standardized dose of ethinyl estradiol and doses of four progestogens each found in combination with EE as marketed oral contraceptives. New and more meaningful relative potencies were derived. PMID- 7128130 TI - Interval iud insertion in parous women: a randomized multicentre comparative trial of the Lippes Loop D, TCu220c and the Copper 7. AB - A multicentre randomized clinical trial of the TCu220C, Lippes Loop D and Copper 7 was undertaken in nine WHO Collaborating centres for Clinical Research in Human Reproduction. A total of 984, 992 and 994 devices, respectively, were inserted between 1976 and 1978. The subjects were followed for two years. At this time 18,743, 17,013 and 17,927 woman-months experience had been accumulated with each device, respectively. The Lippes Loop consistently failed to perform as well as the TCu220C regardless of age or parity. The TCu220C had statistically significantly lower pregnancy rates at one and two years of use than either of the other two devices as well as lower expulsion rates. The TCu220C had lower removal rates at one and two years than the Lippes Loop and Copper 7. At one and two years the TCu220C had significantly higher continuation rates than the other two devices. It is concluded that the TCu220C is the device of choice amongst the three devices studied. PMID- 7128132 TI - Four years of a comparative study with Nova T and Copper T 200 IUDS. PMID- 7128138 TI - Pharmacokinetics and biotransformation of norethisterone in animals. A review. PMID- 7128134 TI - Metabolism of injectable formulations of contraceptive steroids in obese and thin women. PMID- 7128139 TI - Intrauterine delivery of indomethacin from a silastic device: effect on the preimplantation embryo and implantation. AB - Plain silastic IUDs and those incorporating 3.3% w/w of indomethacin were fitted into one uterine horn of adult rats. After a period of 3 weeks, animals were mated and studied for the effects these devices had on the preimplantation embryo, Pontamine Blue Reaction and implantation rates. The indomethacin-loaded devices had no observable effect on ovulation, fertilization or ovum transport. In the horns bearing an indomethacin device, the intrauterine degeneration of preimplantation embryos on Day 5 was not as rapid as was found for the horns bearing plain devices. On Day 6 of pregnancy, Pontamine Blue Reaction sites were virtually absent in the horns bearing either type of device, as were the numbers of normal-sized implants on Days 9 or 10. There was a slight increase in the numbers of abnormal, small implants in horns with indomethacin devices. PMID- 7128133 TI - Progestogen-only microdose followed by estrogen-progestogen combination, a new approach to oral contraception. PMID- 7128136 TI - Effects of oral contraception on liver function tests and serum proteins in women with past viral hepatitis. AB - Forty-three women who had viral hepatitis one or more years ago and 35 healthy women who were age and parity matched were given an oral contraceptive containing 0.05mg ethinyl estradiol and 0.5mg levonorgestrel for six consecutive months. Liver function tests (serum bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT and serum alkaline phosphatase) and serum proteins (total, albumin, globulins, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin and alpha-1 antitrypsin) were measured before beginning treatment and after three and six months of use. Past hepatitis women experienced increased unconjugated bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT and alkaline phosphatase levels throughout the six months while the control women showed less pronounced changes during the first three months with tendency to reversion to normal during the subsequent three months; the group X time of test interactions were significantly different between the two groups. Serum haptoglobin decreased significantly in both groups but the past hepatitis group showed a more persistent change with time. Changes also occurred in serum albumin, alpha-1 and beta globulins, ceruloplasmin but without group effect or group X time interactions. PMID- 7128137 TI - Effects of oral contraception on liver function tests and serum proteins in women with active schistosomiasis. AB - Thirty-eight women with urinary or intestinal schistosomiasis but without clinical or laboratory evidence of hepatic involvement and 30 healthy control women were treated with an oral contraceptive containing 0.05mg ethinyl estradiol and 0.05mg levonorgestrel for six consecutive months. Liver function tests (serum bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT, serum alkaline phosphatase) and serum proteins (total, albumin, globulins, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin and alpha-1 antitrypsin) were measured before beginning the treatment and after three and six months of use. Both group experienced significant increases in SGOT, SGPT and serum alkaline phosphatase during the first three months of treatment with tendencies to decrease during the subsequent 3 months. No change occurred in serum bilirubin. There was significant decreases in serum albumin and haptoglobin and increases in alpha-1 globulin, ceruloplasmin and alpha-1 globulin, there were no significant differences between schistosomiasis patients and the controls in terms of changes in any laboratory test as a result of the treatment, thus suggesting that patients with active schistosomiasis do not incur a higher risk of hepatic dysfunction while using oral contraception. PMID- 7128142 TI - 20 years and 20,000 contact lens patients. PMID- 7128135 TI - A new iud insertion technique utilizing cervical priming with prostaglandin. AB - Cervical priming with the aid of a single 15-ME-PGF2a vaginal suppository prior to IUD insertion resulted in cervical changes which facilitated the procedure. A 0.5 mg 15(S)-15-prostaglandin F2a methyl ester vaginal suppository was administered one hour prior to the IUD insertion in all patients studied. The insertion was performed in all patients studied. The insertion was performed from seven to seventeen days following the LMP with the exception of four patients with prolonged amenorrhea. A mean increase in cervical dilatation of 2.14 mm was achieved with minimal side effects. The cervical ripening and dilatation produced by the suppository increased the ease of IUD insertion , and expanded the time frame in which an IUD insertion could be performed. The method was well tolerated by all patients and eliminated the nausea and syncope often associated with IUD insertion. PMID- 7128141 TI - pH, osmolarity and temperature effects on the water content of hydrogel contact lenses. PMID- 7128140 TI - Distinguished Visiting Lecture: The impact of soft contact lenses and intraocular implants in cataract surgery. PMID- 7128144 TI - The beginning of hemofiltration. PMID- 7128143 TI - A new auto keratometer. PMID- 7128145 TI - Hemofiltration. Symposium on Hemofiltration, Berlin, December 4-5, 1981. PMID- 7128146 TI - Electrolyte balance during hemofiltration treatment. PMID- 7128148 TI - Hemofiltration in children. PMID- 7128149 TI - Prescription for hemofiltration. PMID- 7128147 TI - Long-term evaluation of hemofiltration at home. PMID- 7128151 TI - Modifications of hemofiltration. PMID- 7128150 TI - Complications of hemofiltration. PMID- 7128152 TI - Three years of experience with on-line preparation of sterile pyrogen-free infusate for haemofiltration. PMID- 7128153 TI - Hemofiltration, future aspects in relation to other treatment modalities of uremia. PMID- 7128154 TI - Single-needle hemofiltration. PMID- 7128157 TI - Urea degradation with hollow fiber bound urease and ammonium-ion removal with macrocyclic polyethers. PMID- 7128155 TI - Advantages of continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration in the management of acute renal failure. PMID- 7128156 TI - A synthetic resorcinol-formaldehyde resin for the absorption of urea from hemofiltrate. PMID- 7128158 TI - Hemofiltration membranes. PMID- 7128159 TI - Technical aspects of hemofiltration from a nursing viewpoint. PMID- 7128160 TI - Aspects of nursing regarding haemofiltration. PMID- 7128161 TI - Transport properties in filtration and dialysis membranes. PMID- 7128162 TI - Elimination of low molecular weight proteins during hemofiltration. PMID- 7128164 TI - Hemodynamic long-term effects of hemofiltration on dialysis and drug-resistant hypertension. PMID- 7128163 TI - Hemodynamics in hemofiltration. PMID- 7128166 TI - Clinical problems of renal osteopathy in patients on hemofiltration. PMID- 7128165 TI - Calcium, phosphorus and parathyroid hormone metabolism in chronic hemofiltration. PMID- 7128168 TI - A neuropathological and neuropsychological study of Turner's syndrome. AB - A neuropathological study was made in 2 women with Turner's syndrome. Neuropsychological investigation in one of them correlated with what has previously been found in Turner's syndrome as well as with the localization of the most pronounced neuropathological aberration which was of atherosclerotic nature, most pronounced in the right temporo-parietal area. These findings as well as the findings of acidophile hypoplasia of the pituitary gland are discussed. PMID- 7128169 TI - Hemispheric lateralization of the decisional stage in choice reaction times to visual unstructured stimuli. AB - Simple manual RTs to lateral visual stimuli were found to be faster in uncrossed than in crossed anatomical conditions. Neither hand nor hemifield effects were found. By contrast significant asymmetries were found in Choice RTs involving both hemispheres, even in uncrossed condition. The field effect was marked when the responding hand was the right but insignificant when the responding hand was the left. The data seem consistent with a model which assumes the location of the decisional structures in the left hemisphere. PMID- 7128171 TI - Bugs and faces in the two visual fields: the analytic/holistic processing dichotomy and task sequencing. AB - We report three experiments employing outline face and bug stimuli. Subjects either attended to the spatial relationships between and otherwise independent of the individual feature elements (holistic processing condition), or instead attended (with the same stimuli) to the shape of certain discrete feature elements (analytic condition). They were timed in performing discriminatory manual responses to laterally presented targets and nontargets. A left visual field superiority generally occurred under conditions of holistic processing both for faces and bugs, and a right field superiority when analytic processing was required; effects were rather more apparent in the second of a pair of sequential tasks, when the more difficult of the two tasks came first, for the more difficult of the two tasks, and with target rather than, nontarget stimuli. We conclude that those aspects of a stimulus to which a subject is set to attend can determine lateral asymmetries, as well as the actual stimuli themselves, that an analytic/holistic processing distinction is supported, rather than one based on verbal/visuospatial processing, and that task difficulty and order are important variables to be controlled and studied in this context in future research. PMID- 7128167 TI - An investigation of the lipoprotein profiles of patients on hemofiltration as compared to those on hemodialysis and intermittent peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 7128170 TI - WAIS performance IQ in aphasia as a function of auditory comprehension and constructional apraxia. AB - This study investigated differences in nonverbal intelligence between diagnostic subgroups of aphasics using the Performance Tests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS). Subjects were 98 right-handed hospitalized males with unilateral left-hemisphere damage who had unambiguous clinical diagnoses of Broca's, Anomic, Conduction, Mixed Non-Fluent, Wernicke's, or Global aphasia. Group differences were examined using the WAIS Performance IQ (PIQ), and subscores for spatial organization (Block Design and Object Assembly) and for verbalizability (Picture Completion and Picture Arrangement). There were significant group differences for each WAIS score, determined by the impaired performance of the Global aphasics. With covariance correction for level of auditory comprehension, group differences were eliminated on the verbalizable subtests, but not on the spatial organization subtests. Covarying for level of constructional apraxia (assessed with drawings, sticks, and blocks), however, eliminated group differences for both subscores. Using demographic, neurological, and linguistic variables, multiple regression analyses confirmed the covariate analysis findings; constructional apraxia was the most predictive variable for both spatial and verbalizability subscores, while auditory comprehension and education level predicted performance on the verbalizable subtests. PMID- 7128172 TI - Laterality, order of report and attention in a dichotic CV syllable task. AB - Lateralisation was measured on a dichotic CV syllable-pairs task under 4 conditions: (1) free attention and report; (2) as in (1) but with subjects required to report location of items; (3) random pre-stimulus and (4) random post stimulus cuing of the ear to be attended to and reported first. In (1) there were accuracy advantages for the right ear and for first reports after controlling right ear starting bias. After excluding intrusions there was an REA in accuracy for (2) but no starting bias; a similar REA was observed for (3) and (4) but the first report advantage for (2) and (3) was absent for (4) and (4) was less accurate overall. There were more intrusions for (4) and more from the right ear for (2), (3) and (4). Subjects with the highest intrusion rates from the right ear were also the most lateralised to this ear on the measure which excluded intrusions. PMID- 7128173 TI - Left visual field superiority in a letter-naming task for both left- and right handers. AB - Subjects identified on the basis of sex, handedness, and handwriting posture performed a letter-naming task. Single letters were shown briefly in the left or right visual field and the subject was required to name the letter as quickly as possible. Both left- and right-handers had shorter response latencies when the stimulus was presented in the left visual field. Response latency decreased across trials, however, the decrement was largest to right visual field stimuli. In addition, males produced significantly faster reaction than did females. PMID- 7128174 TI - Sex differences in the cognitive effects of unilateral brain damage. AB - One hundred subjects (50 men, 50 women), of whom 80 had suffered a unilateral cerebrovascular accident (40 left, 40 right), were tested on the WAIS. In the case of left hemisphere damage the male patients showed lower Verbal than Performance Scale IQ scores; for the right brain damaged men Performance Scale scores were Lower than their scores on the Verbal Scale. Women with unilateral brain damage showed no such reliable discrepancies between their Verbal and Performance Scale scores. This difference in the patterning of WAIS IQs in male and female stroke patients persisted even after the scores of those few patients with any significant degree of expressive aphasia had been excluded from consideration. PMID- 7128175 TI - Hemispheric specialization for the processing of tactual stimuli in congenitally deaf and hearing children. AB - A group of congenitally deaf and a group of normal hearing children were given two dichhaptically presented tests of hemispheric specialization. Left hemisphere specialization for language was assessed by a letter sequences task and right hemisphere specialization for spatial stimuli was measured by the nonsense shapes test of Witelson (1974). The results showed a significant right tactual field superiority for the processing of tactually presented letter sequences. There were no significant differences between the tactual fields for the processing of tactually presented nonsense shapes. The pattern of lateralization demonstrated on the letter sequences task was consistent across both groups. However, groups differed significantly on the overall performance of the verbal task, with deaf subjects demonstrating lower accuracy scores compared to hearing subjects. Age and I.Q. factors produced significant differences between sub-groups on the nonsense shapes task. PMID- 7128176 TI - Auditory language comprehension in aphasia: a factor-analytic study. AB - A battery of nine auditory comprehension test, taken by seventy aphasics, was subjected to a factor analysis. Two factors, interpretable respectively as a lexical semantic and a syntactic comprehension factor, were obtained. Comprehension described in terms of these factors was found to be related to criterion variables of importance, namely the Token Test and a rating of comprehension in daily life. Broca's aphasics were found to be more impaired in syntactic than in lexical semantic comprehension; Wernicke patients tended to have low scores on both factors. The results of this study support the view of independent lexically based and syntactic processing in auditory comprehension which can be differentially disrupted by brain damage. PMID- 7128178 TI - Brain lesions and reasoning: a note on Golding. PMID- 7128177 TI - Monaural ear advantages in simple and choice reaction time: artifacts and individual differences. AB - Previous studies are said to show that there are ear advantages, usually right sided, for simple RT to monaural tones. It has been disputed whether these ear advantages are the same for choice RT. Latencies for each hand were measured using a bimanual response and no ear advantages were found for either simple or choice RT. Ipsilateral responses were not faster than contralateral responses. However, subjects show significant differences in ear advantage from each other. It is suggested that all ear advantages for monaural tones in RT studies result from lateral biases and compatability effects. PMID- 7128179 TI - Manual persistence in infancy. AB - Caplan and Kinsbourne (1976) reported that infants of mean age 2.7 months grasped a rattle longer in the right hand than in the left hand. The present studies failed to find evidence of a manual asymmetry in neonates of mean age 3.3 days or in infants of mean age 2.4 months. Control of the right hand, however, increased significantly during this period. PMID- 7128181 TI - Hydrogel implants for refractive keratoplasty: corneal morphology. AB - Refractive keratoplasty procedures for large dioptric corrections utilize a lenticular addition to the cornea which is typically cut from a donor cornea, but can also be fabricated from hydrogel plastics (1). The success of an intrastromal hydrogel implant depends on the nonreactiveness of both the hydrogel to the stroma tissue and the tissue environment to the hydrogel. Permalens hydrogel (Cooper Labs, Inc.) was fabricated into 6 mm diameter, 0.24 mm thick, and +15.00 diopter lenticules and surgically implanted into intracorneal pockets of rabbit corneas for eleven months. Light and electron microscopy revealed scattered zones of abnormal fibroblast activity at the posterior interface of the hydrogel and stroma. The anterior pocket lining was covered with a single cell layer of keratocytes, but there were no irregular areas that might be light scattering. The remaining ultrastructure appeared normal. Preliminary work with primates did not reveal this type of abnormal fibroblast activity. The data indicates that hydrogels for intrastromal implantation in refractive keratoplasty have a promising future. PMID- 7128180 TI - Ultrastructural, histochemical and biochemical studies of the melanin metabolism in pallid mouse eye. AB - In an attempt to determine the factors involved in ocular pigment variation, the eyes of pallid mice (c57BL/6J-Pa/Pa), and those of littermate black mice (C57BL/6J-+/Pa) were examined ultrastructurally, histochemically, and biochemically. As controls, the eyes of black and congenic albino mice (C57BL/6J +/C2J and -C2J/C2J) were also examined. In the developing pallid mouse eye the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choroid contained immature melanosomes with incomplete melanization. In the adult pallid RPE, numerous lysosomal structures containing melanin components were present, while in choroid, melanosome numbers not only increased but many were aggregated in large membrane-bound granules. These RPE and choroidal structures may be melanolysosomes because of their histochemical acid phosphatase positive reactions. Biochemically, the activity of acid phosphatase in ocular homogenates of pallid eyes was significantly higher than in either the black eyes of +/Pa or in the albino and black eyes of the C2J genotypes. Dopa reactions at the light and electron microscopic levels indicated that Dopa oxidase activity was present in the cells of the RPE and choroid of both pallid and black mice. Histochemically the Dopa reaction of pallid pigment cells seemed to be equal to that of black ones, suggesting that tyrosinase production might be normal in pallid pigment cells. Biochemically, however, tyrosinase activity in the pallid eye was significantly lower than in the black control. It is concluded that the active digestion of melanosomes, as well as the low ocular tyrosinase activity and the immaturity of pallid melanosomes, may contribute to the pigment dilution observed in the pallid mouse eye. PMID- 7128182 TI - Sub-threshold near-UV radiation effects on aphakic guinea pig retinas. AB - Monocularly aphakic guinea pigs (Cavia porcellis), prepared by removing the lens by phacoemulsification, were maintained under near-UV lighting conditions for several months. Exposure to near-UV energy was at much lower irradiance levels than that of sunlight, and was at lower than the threshold level for near-UV damage to the aphakic monkey retina as reported by Ham, et al (1). In some aphakic eyes, regenerated lens-like structures formed which scattered light appreciably. After increasing light exposure periods, the eyes of control and irradiated animals were studied histologically. Other animals were periodically examined by electroretinographic (ERG) techniques. While there was no observable histopathological damage, aphakic-UV irradiated eyes with little or no lens regrowth exhibited depressed b-waves, late time constants and altered wave forms when compared with control eyes. The results demonstrate that ambient near-UV light exposure can adversely influence retinal electrical activity in aphakic eyes at irradiance levels below threshold for morphological damage. The protective function of the lens is also supported by these findings. PMID- 7128183 TI - Kinetics of capillary tear flow in the Schirmer strip. AB - The popular Schirmer test of tearing ability heretofore has never been analyzed kinetically and the interpretation of the results is usually based on implicit, often erroneous assumptions. We have analyzed the capillary flow of fluids in filter paper strips in vitro systems for the cases of unlimited supply and limited supply at constant rates, and in vivo using human subjects, who kinetically corresponded to limited supply having variable rates. The effects of evaporation, surface tension, viscosity, paper pore-size, and the wettability of the cellulose fibers in the paper were also studied. The results show that in the case of unlimited supply, the fluid absorption is kinetically identical to fluid uptake by a horizontal capillary. This implies that the paper strip can absorb fluids only at a certain maximum rate which decreases with time. At lower secretion rates, the rate of wetting length increase is linearly proportional to the secretion rate provided that evaporation is prevented. Evaporation increases with increased wetting length until a steady state is reached where the length of wetting remains constant in time. As long as the secretion rate remains below the maximum uptake rate of the paper strip, the paper and fluid characteristics have a negligible influence on the wetting rate thus the rate of wetting can provide quantitative information on the secretion rate. Wetting length versus time curves obtained in vivo can be best described mathematically by assuming that the initially high secretion rate exponentially decays to a lower, final value. From the data, the magnitude of the initial and final tear secretion rates as well as the secretion rate decay coefficient can be calculated. These physiologically relevant values quantitatively characterize the functioning of the lacrimal system and may have diagnostic value in detecting marginal lacrimal deficiencies and predicting poor contact lens tolerance. PMID- 7128184 TI - Synthesis of cytoskeletal and membrane polypeptides by the organ cultured chicken lens. AB - The synthesis of cytoskeletal and membrane polypeptides of the chick lens epithelium, superficial cortical fiber cells and deep cortical fiber cells was studied in the organ-cultured lens. The synthetic activity of the cytoskeletal polypeptides was restricted to the epithelium and superficial cortical fiber cells while membrane polypeptides were synthesized by deep cortical fiber cells as well. None of the polypeptides was observed to be synthesized by the lens nuclear fiber cells. PMID- 7128185 TI - The immediate hypotensive effect of oral nifedipine. AB - The immediate hypotensive effect of oral nifedipine was assessed in 15 patients with moderate to severe hypertension. Supine and erect blood pressure and heart rates were measured before and 30 minutes after 10 mg nifedipine. The results showed that there was a significant (p less than 0.001) reduction in both systolic and diastolic pressures. There was a slight increase in heart rate and mild postural hypotension but neither appeared to be significant. It is concluded that nifedipine given by the oral route is an effective agent for the rapid lowering of elevated blood pressure and deserves further evaluation as an agent for the management of hypertensive emergencies. PMID- 7128186 TI - The effect of pinaverium bromide (LA 1717) on the lower oesophageal sphincter. AB - An acute, double-blind study was carried out in 8 healthy male volunteers to investigate any effect of a new antispasmodic, pinaverium bromide, compared with placebo on the lower oesophageal sphincter. Manometric measurements showed no significant differences in resting pressures either after placebo or a therapeutic dose (200 mg) of pinaverium bromide, suggesting that the active drug does not cause any impairment of function of the lower oesophageal sphincter. PMID- 7128187 TI - Double-blind clinical evaluation of the relative efficacy of ibuprofen and glucosamine sulphate in the management of osteoarthrosis of the knee in out patients. AB - A double-blind trial was carried out in 40 out-patients with unilateral osteoarthrosis of the knee to compare the efficacy and tolerance of oral treatment with 1.5 g glucosamine sulphate or 1.2 g ibuprofen daily over a period of 8 weeks. Pain scores decreased faster during the first 2 weeks in the ibuprofen than in the glucosamine treatment group. Although the rate of decrease was slower, the reduction in pain scores was continued throughout the trial period in patients an glucosamine and the difference between the two groups turned significantly in favour of glucosamine at Week 8. No significant differences were observed in swelling or any of the other parameters monitored. Tolerance was satisfactory with both treatments, with only minor complaints being reported by 2 patients on glucosamine compared with 5 patients on ibuprofen. PMID- 7128188 TI - Bromocriptine in depression. AB - A double-blind trial was carried out in 9 patients with endogenous depression to compare the effectiveness of bromocriptine (15 mg per day, 4 patients) with that of imipramine (75 mg per day, 5 patients) over a period of 10 weeks. The results of assessments using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression showed that both drugs produced comparable reduction in mean scores and there was no significant difference between the two treatment groups. Fewer patients han anticholinergic type side-effects on bromocriptine although some had transient nausea. PMID- 7128189 TI - Haemodynamic and haemorheological effects of buflomedil in patients with peripheral occlusive arterial disease. AB - The haemodynamic and haemorheological effects of buflomedil after acute intravenous infusion and after chronic treatment were studied in 25 patients with occlusive arterial diseases of the lower limbs. Acute treatment (100 mg) induced an increase in ankle blood pressure and in peripheral blood velocity, mainly of the continuous flow, as well as a significant decrease in blood viscosity and a significant increase (p less than 0.01) in red cell deformability, expressed as erythrocyte filtration flow. Chronic treatment (200 mg/day for 20 days) showed haemodynamic and haemorheological effects similar to those of the acute infusion, with a highly significant increase (p less than 0.001) in the erythrocyte flow at the end of the treatment period. PMID- 7128190 TI - A controlled study of benzydamine oral rinse ("Difflam") in general practice. AB - Fifty-two patients suffering from presumed viral pharyngeal infection or tonsillitis were treated with either benzydamine or placebo oral rinse as a gargle at 3-hourly intervals in a randomized double-blind study. Patients on the active preparation experienced faster resolution of pain and dysphagia and at 7 days 88% were symptom-free compared with 38% on placebo. PMID- 7128191 TI - A double-blind comparison of meptazinol versus paracetamol and placebo in acute and chronic painful conditions presented to the general practitioner. AB - A double-blind study was carried out in 90 patients with acute or chronic painful musculoskeletal conditions of at least moderate severity to compare the effectiveness over a 72-hour period of oral treatment, 3 to 6 hourly, with 200 mg meptazinol, 1 g paracetamol and placebo. Assessments of pain by physicians and patients indicated that both active treatments produced effective analgesia compared with placebo. No significant differences were observed between meptazinol and paracetamol. The frequency of adverse effects reported was low and similar in all three treatment groups. PMID- 7128192 TI - Night-time indomethacin in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Indomethacin is commonly prescribed at night to relieve morning stiffness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions are frequently described with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and the rationale of using more than one of these agents at the same time is questionable. A randomized crossover trial was carried out in 14 patients to compare the effects of 100 mg indomethacin at night with those of placebo when added to a baseline regimen of stabilized salicylate therapy with a slow-release preparation. Each treatment was given for 2 weeks. The results suggest that the addition of indomethacin produced no significant benefit in terms of reduction in the duration of morning stiffness or on the overall daily pain score. PMID- 7128193 TI - The effects of gliclazide on platelet function in patients with diabetes mellitus. AB - Eighteen diabetic patients with abnormal platelet function were treated for 1 month with gliclazide (80 to 160 mg/day). Platelet aggregation, circulating beta thromboglobulin levels and platelet malondialdehyde concentrations were significantly reduced after 30 (but not 15) days of treatment. Although fasting and post-prandial glycaemia significantly improved in these patients, similar changes in platelet function were noted in 5 other patients in whom glycaemia did not change. Gliclazide therapy, therefore, brought about an improvement in platelet function and a reduction activation in the thromboxane metabolic pathway, possibly by a direct on the platelets. PMID- 7128194 TI - Long-term evaluation of naproxen suspension in juvenile chronic arthritis. AB - Twenty-six children suffering from juvenile chronic arthritis were entered into a 6-month open evaluation of naproxen suspension. Sixteen patients completed 6 months' treatment, 6 were lost to follow-up and 4 dropped out, 2 because of side effects (rash, and burning on swallowing the formulation), 1 for lack of efficacy and 1 because of no further need of treatment. Pain severity scores were significantly reduced from admission levels at all monthly follow-up visits and significant overall improvement since the last visit was noted up to third month of treatment, as assessed by doctor and parent/patient. Transient indigestion was reported by 2 patients. No clinically significant trends were noted in any of the laboratory investigations carried out. The results add to the accumulation of data on the use of naproxen in children and underline its long-term efficacy and tolerance. PMID- 7128195 TI - Immunology of dermatophytosis: lack of immunity and hyperimmunity. PMID- 7128196 TI - Contact urticaria due to medicaments, chemicals, and foods. PMID- 7128197 TI - Exercise-induced asthma. PMID- 7128198 TI - Sexually transmitted diseases of the oral cavity: part II. PMID- 7128199 TI - An unusual case of North American blastomycosis in New Jersey: its clinical course and response to amphotericin B. AB - A seventy-six-year-old man from New Jersey developed multiple pustular lesions on his face, trunk, and extremities. These rapidly assumed a crusted appearance, and were proven, by culture and histopathology, to be North American blastomycosis. The patient was successfully treated with amphotericin B. Complement fixation studies paralleled clinical improvement and laboratory studies revealed impaired white cell function. It is postulated that the organism was first encountered fifty years earlier when the patient worked in an area in which blastomycosis was endemic. PMID- 7128202 TI - Lentigo maligna melanoma: report of a case with unusual features. PMID- 7128201 TI - Polythelia and unilateral renal agenesis. PMID- 7128200 TI - Hypertrophic retroauricular folds attributable to diphenylhydantoin therapy. PMID- 7128203 TI - Pale cell acanthoma of the scrotum. PMID- 7128204 TI - Studies of Kaposi's sarcoma with infrared photography. AB - Infrared photography, known to be useful in the study of cutaneous vascular structures but not yet extensively explored in the investigation of skin diseases, was used to study lesions of Kaposi's sarcoma in three patients. In all photographs, the tumors appeared as a stain which was lighter in color than the normal skin. In two patients, the infrared photographs showed a tumor identical with that seen clinically. In the third patient, the tumor showed a larger extension than it seemed to have on physical examination. We believe that this technique can be of value in establishing the presence of such tumors and evaluating their actual size. PMID- 7128206 TI - Vitiligo and selective IgA deficiency. PMID- 7128205 TI - Kaposi-like arteriovenous malformation and angiodermatitis (pseudo-Kaposi). PMID- 7128207 TI - Evaluation of a new halcinonide formulation in the treatment of common dermatoses. AB - An open evaluation of halcinonide 0.1 percent in a hydrophilic vanishing cream base was conducted in one hundred patients with common steroid-responsive dermatoses, including eczema, contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis stasis dermatitis, and neurodermatitis. Patients applied the cream two or three times a day for two weeks (or less if the clinical response warranted earlier discontinuation). Follow-up assessments were made on days 4, 7, and 14 of the study. Ninety-eight percent of the patients showed some degree of improvement, and eighty-five percent had complete clearing or marked improvement. One patient had no response and one worsened. Seventy-seven percent of the patients who responded achieved their maximum response within the first week of treatment. One case of urticaria was the only side effect noted in this series. Ninety-six percent of the patients rated their acceptance of the new formulation as excellent or good. PMID- 7128208 TI - Chromosomal aberrations in Chinese hamster cells exposed in vitro to tritium labelled thymidine or x-rays at--196 degrees C. AB - A comparison was made between the incidence of chromosomal aberrations in G2 phase first division Chinese hamster cells exposed to tritium labelled thymidine (dose range 54-522 rad) or to 250 kV X-rays (dose range 98-711 rad) at--196 degrees C. The dose-response relationship for chromatid aberrations, expressed as breaks per cell, appeared to be linear for intranuclear tritium whereas that for X-rays was curvilinear. For the dose range studied, cells exposed to X-rays were markedly less sensitive than tritium-incorporated cells where a transmutation effect may operate. PMID- 7128209 TI - Suspension cultures of adult rooster hepatocytes with a sustained vitellogenic response. AB - Primary suspension cultures of hepatocytes from adult roosters were prepared by collagenase perfusion. The cells remained viable for better than 12h as assessed by vital dye exclusion, electron microscopy and protein synthesis. In addition to the spectrum of proteins observed in control cultures, hepatocytes from animals pretreated with 17 beta-oestradiol synthesized vitellogenin, low density lipoprotein and several other unidentified peptides. Vg production, as determined by direct immunoprecipitation, was maintained at levels comparable to those observed in vivo with oestrogen treated roosters. Attempts to attain secondary induction of vitellogenesis in vitro, however, using cells from animals in which the primary response had subsided, were not successful. Nonetheless, the results show as a first step, that suspension cultures of liver cells from adult birds can be prepared which remain viable and morphologically differentiated for an extended period. PMID- 7128210 TI - The probable binding between cations and stimulatory protein kinase modulator and subsequent stimulation on cerebellar modulator-dependent protein kinases. AB - The formation of complexes between cations and stimulatory protein kinase modulator (PKMs) were performed by preincubation and gel filtration. The stimulatory effects of Fe3+, Fe2+, Mg2+, and Co2+ complexes on cerebellar modulator-dependent protein kinases (M-PK) were similar to those without preformation of complexes by preincubation and gel filtration. Antagonism by Ca2+ on the stimulatory effect of Mg2+ was noted in spite of the ineffectiveness of Ca2+ when present alone. PMID- 7128211 TI - Fibrous structures of human chromosomes observed by scanning electron microscopy. AB - Human chromosomes and the nucleus from cultured HeLa cells and lymphocytes were observed stereographically by scanning electron microscopy. Specimens were heated in an acetic acid solution after treatment with diluted McIlvain's buffer solution at pH 5.6. The cytoplasmic matrix adhering to the chromosomes was successfully removed, and the chromosomes were observed three-dimensionally in their original position without any significant mechanical distortion. The interphase nucleus was spherical in shape and the nuclear membrane could not be seen on its surface. The chromosome fibres were 25-35 nm in diameter and showed bumpy, looping, tortuous and knotty appearances at high magnification. PMID- 7128212 TI - Chromosomal variability of sex chromosomes and NOR's in Trichomys apereoides (Rodentia, Echimyidae). AB - G-banding, C-banding, and silver staining techniques were used to analyze the chromosomes of Trichomys apereoides. In a sample of 22 specimens the diploid number was 2n = 30, with several pairs of biarmed chromosomes and a large metacentric (pair 1) with a secondary constriction, or nucleolar organizing region (NOR), in the short arm. One male had a heteromorphic pair 1, with only one NOR-bearing homolog. C-bands showed constitutive heterochromatin in the centromeric region of almost all autosomes. The X has a large block in the proximal region and an interstitial small band in the long arm. The Y is totally heterochromatic. One heteromorphic female with an increased C-band block in one of the X chromosomes was observed. The Y is a small submetacentric; one male showed a metacentric Y, resulting probably from a pericentric inversion. The sexual bivalent and the synaptonemal complexes of all autosomal bivalents were revealed by silver staining in pachytene cells. PMID- 7128213 TI - Cytogenetic surveillance of spontaneous abortions. AB - During the five years of a cytogenetic study on spontaneous abortions in Hawaii there have been significant increases in the frequencies of triploidy of maternal origin and trisomy 16, a significant decrease in sex chromosome monosomy, and variation without trend in the frequency of tetraploidy. Attempts to explain these results in terms of technical factors or changes in maternal and gestational age have been unsuccessful, as have preliminary attempts to identify viral, pharmacological, or other causes. Apparently the etiology of chromosomal abnormality is variable over a few years even in a stable population. Research to identify these causes is continuing on the supposition that variable risks can be reduced. PMID- 7128214 TI - Aging and sister chromatid exchange. VII. Effect of aging on background SCE in vivo. AB - The frequency of background or spontaneous sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) was estimated in young and old rat and mouse bone marrow cell populations by exposing these cells to increasing concentrations of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). At the lowest levels of BrdU where SCE could be accurately assessed, there was no significant difference in background SCE between young and old cell populations. Extrapolation to zero BrdU concentration yielded SCE frequencies of approximately 1.0 SCE/cell/cell cycle in both mouse and rat cells. PMID- 7128216 TI - Chromosome localization of the genes for isocitrate dehydrogenase-1, isocitrate dehydrogenase-2, glutathione reductase, and phosphoglycerate kinase-1 in the American mink (Mustela vison). AB - Twenty-eight hybrid clones with different mink chromosomes were derived from the fusion of Chinese hamster and American mink (mustela vison) cells. This set of clones made it possible to assign the mink genes for isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (soluble) to chromosome 4, for isocitrate dehydrogenase-2 (mitochrondrial) to chromosome 10, for glutathione reductase to chromosome 6, and for phosphoglycerate kinase-1 to the X chromosome. PMID- 7128215 TI - Preservation of whole blood for chromosome analysis. PMID- 7128217 TI - On standard nomenclature. PMID- 7128218 TI - Karyotype stability in marine mammals. AB - A considerable amount of information is now available on the karyology of the marine mammals, Pinnipedia and Cetacea. This information emanates both from banded and unbanded karyotypes. A majority of the pinnipeds has now been investigated karyologically, and representatives of all extant cetacean families have also been studied. The karyotype stability among the marine mammals has been stressed earlier, and the present discussion emphasizes this point further. PMID- 7128219 TI - Effect of naloxone on change in breathing pattern with smoking. A hypothesis on the addictive nature of cigarette smoking. PMID- 7128220 TI - Effects of theophylline on breathlessness and exercise tolerance in patients with chronic airflow obstruction. AB - Theophylline is commonly prescribed for patients with nonasthmatic chronic airflow obstruction (CAO) even though clinical efficacy is not well established. We studied objective and subjective responses to theophylline in 14 men with CAO. Subjects randomly received week-long treatments of placebo or theophylline at two dosages: one that produced low (8.7-13.0 micrograms/ml) and the other high (16.0 23.6 micrograms/ml plasma concentrations. During the final three days of each treatment, we measured spirometric and hemodynamic function. Exercise tolerance was assessed with the 12 minute walk and progressive cycle ergometry. The patients' perception of breathlessness during the usual activities of daily living was evaluated with the oxygen cost diagram and the breathlessness rating. For low and high dose theophylline there were significant (p less than .05) increases in forced vital capacity (7.1 +/- 2.1 percent; 12.0 +/- 1.7 percent), forced expiratory volume at one second (14.6 +/- 4.9 percent; 12.1 +/- 3.3 percent) and in pulse rate (8.3 +/- 1.2 percent; 19.1 +/- 3.1 percent), but no changes in blood pressure. There were also no significant differences among the three treatments for any of the tests which assessed exercise tolerance or breathlessness. These results suggest that most patients with CAO experience little symptomatic benefit from taking theophylline. PMID- 7128221 TI - The effect of digoxin on exercise capacity and exercising cardiac function in cystic fibrosis. AB - The ability of digoxin to increase exercise capacity and stroke volume (SV) during exercise was evaluated in ten patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) ages 12 to 20 years with moderate to severe degrees of airway obstruction but no history of heart failure. A double-blind crossover trial of digoxin versus placebo was carried out. An evaluation of exercise performance was undertaken upon entry into the study, and after each of the one-week periods in which digoxin 0.25 mg/day or placebo was taken. Exercise testing consisted of a progressive exercise test on a cycle ergometer to measure maximum work capacity (Wmax) and a steady state test at 2/3 of the baseline Wmax. During the steady state test, the oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production were measured and cardiac output (Q) was calculated by the indirect Fick (CO2) method. From Q and heart rate (HR), SV was derived. After digoxin, Wmax was unchanged. On steady state exercise HR was unchanged, but there was a slight but significant fall in Q due to a fall in SV. The decrease in SV was associated with exercising hypoxemia. We conclude that digoxin did not increase exercise capacity or improve exercising cardiac function in patients with moderate to severe airway obstruction due to CF. PMID- 7128222 TI - Disordered breathing and hypoxia during sleep in coronary artery disease. AB - The occurrence of breathing disorders and hypoxia during sleep was studied in 17 male patients with coronary artery disease, demonstrated by coronary angiography, who did not have symptomatic pulmonary disease. Thirteen patients (76 percent) experienced disordered breathing during sleep; of these, 11 had obstructive apnea and the other two had Cheyne-Stokes breathing. There was an average of 20 episodes of disordered breathing per hour during sleep among the 13 patients, with a mean duration of 24 seconds per episode; significant oxygen desaturation occurred in ten of these 13 patients. There was no episode of angina pectoris, myocardial infarction or sudden death. Although cardiac arrhythmias occurred in 12 patients, disordered breathing with hypoxia was not proven to be causative. Therefore, obstructive disordered breathing and nocturnal oxygen desaturation commonly occurred during sleep in patients with coronary artery disease. Although no immediate ill effects were noted, the longterm effects remain to be determined. PMID- 7128223 TI - Standardization of inhalation provocation tests. Dose vs concentration of histamine. AB - The importance of histamine dose vs histamine concentration in determining the response to inhaled histamine was evaluated by comparing the effect of 30 sec and two min inhalation times on duplicate histamine inhalation tests in 15 asthmatic patients. The histamine provocation concentration required to produce a 20 percent FEV1 fall after 30 sec inhalations (30 sec PC20) was on average 3.6-fold greater than the two min PC20. Individually, ten of the 15 fell within the range of dose reproducibility (+/- one doubling dose), while five subjects fell outside this range, three with 30 sec PC20 less than twice two min PC20 and two with 30 sec PC20 greater than 8 X two min PC20. Seven subjects had duplicate measurements of both 30 sec PC20 and two min PC20; the two min PC20 was more reproducible than the 30 sec PC20 in all seven. The better reproducibility of the two min PC20 is likely due to a more reproducible inspiratory time over the two-minute breathing period. These findings have relevance in standardization of inhalation challenge tests, and in comparing results of such tests done by different techniques. PMID- 7128227 TI - A portable volume/flow calibrating syringe. AB - Two samples of a manual 3 L calibrating syringe which displays an electronically calculated FEF25-75% were evaluated to determine its suitability as a flow calibrator were evaluated. Room air was discharged into a manual spirometer system known to be accurate. The calibrator-determined values correlated very closely with the spirometer values over an FEF25-75% range of 0.4 to 9 L/sec. The differences between calibrator and spirometer FEF25-75% values were small (mean +/- 1 percent, greatest 3.7 percent) and of little importance clinically. This portable, simple to operate calibrating syringe provides accurate FEF25-75% and volume values. By adding flow calibrating capability to a recommended standard volume calibrating syringe, it will facilitate the routine calibration of spirometers in the laboratory and in the field. Since it uses displaced air, it can be used at altitude and with flow measuring instruments without the correction required for calibrators using CO2 cartridges. PMID- 7128228 TI - Two cases of interstitial infiltrates with hyperinflation. Clinical conference in pulmonary disease from the Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus. PMID- 7128224 TI - Effect of oral propranolol on left ventricular performance in patients with ischemic heart disease. Ear densitographic study during uninterrupted treadmill exercise. AB - The effect of oral propranolol on left ventricular performance during early upright exercise was evaluated by ear densitography in patients with arteriographic coronary artery disease (CAD). Measurements of systolic time intervals differentiated 10 unmedicated patients with CAD (group 1) and 15 patients with CAD taking propranolol (group 3). The patients in group 3 had less shortening of preejection period at 1 minute and 4 minutes of exercise than group 1 patients (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.005, respectively), with propranolol appearing to prevent the abnormal shortening of preejection period seen in the unmedicated group. Group 3 patients, in contrast to group 1 patients, showed reduction of heart rate and heart rate-blood pressure product both at rest and during exercise. Furthermore, PEP/LVET and percentage change in PEP/LVET from control responses were similar to those of subjects free of CAD (group 2). These results indicate that propranolol effects a favorable change in LV performance by postponing early exhaustion of cardiac reserve, despite significant CAD. There was relatively large overlap in percentage change in PEP/LVET from control between group 2 and group 3 in contrast to the clear separation among unmedicated patients. Thus, the excellent diagnostic accuracy of systolic time intervals recorded during exercise is greatly reduced by beta-adrenoceptor blockade. PMID- 7128225 TI - Thallium-201 scintigraphy for detection of multivessel disease in patients with prior inferior myocardial infarction. PMID- 7128229 TI - The UCLA population studies of chronic obstructive respiratory disease. 5. Agreement and disagreement of tests in identifying abnormal lung function. AB - The relative sensitivity and specificity of symptoms, spirometry, the flow-volume (FV) curve, the single-breath nitrogen test (SBNT), and specific airway conductance (SGaw) were estimated by cross comparison of these tests with the FEV1/FVC ratio and other tests in 1,201 residents of Los Angeles. Spirometry and the flow-volume curve were estimated to be the most sensitive, yet reasonably specific composite measures, and FEV1/FVC and V75 to be the most sensitive individual indices. Among current smokers, FEV1/FVC was more frequently abnormal (23 percent) than FEF25-75% (16 percent), showed higher concordance with an abnormal FEF25-75% (88 percent), and identified a greater percentage of individuals as abnormal when the FEF25-75% was normal (9 percent) than vice versa. SGaw and SBNT showed a poor concordance with FEV1/FVC and identified more individuals as abnormal who had a normal FEV1/FVC. Although the proportion of current smokers with productive cough was relatively high (26 percent), none of the function tests showed a reasonable concordance with this symptom. These findings suggest that: 1) spirometry, the flow-volume curve, V75 and FEV1/FVC are relatively sensitive and specific indicators of respiratory impairment; 2) spirometry and the FV curve provide similar but not completely overlapping information; 3) SGaw and SBNT yield different (or less specific) information than the other tests; and 4) effects of cigarette smoking identified by productive cough are different from those identified by other tests. PMID- 7128230 TI - The use of learning resource centers in the teaching of pulmonary medicine. AB - Learning resource centers (LRC) are areas designed for individual study which contain a variety of self-instructional materials. To evaluate the use of LRC in teaching pulmonary medicine, a survey was conducted of medical school pulmonary sections; responses were obtained from 30 sections with an NHLBI pulmonary Academic Award (PAA groups), and 21 sections without PAA (non-PAA group). LRC were established in 77 percent of the PAA group but only 14 percent of the non PAA group. A higher percentage of pulmonary fellows than students used the resource center and student use was higher when the LRC was formally integrated into the curriculum. Textbooks and journals were more heavily used than materials utilizing audiovisual educational techniques. The results of this study suggest that pulmonary LRC use is modest, LRC cost is high, and LRC educational value may not be superior to general medical libraries. PMID- 7128231 TI - Unusual electrophysiologic effects of aprindine. PMID- 7128226 TI - Surgery of descending aorta. A method of autotransfusion and intercostal artery preservation. AB - Paraplegia is a tragic complication of surgery of the descending aorta. It is unpredictable and occurs with a similar incidence with or without distal circulatory support. Hypotension, prolonged aortic cross clamp time, and ligation of intercostal arteries have been considered causative factors. Recent experience with ten consecutive patients undergoing descending aortic surgery without shunts employed a method of autotransfusion and intercostal preservation. There were no deaths, renal failure, or paraplegia. The perioperative blood requirement per patient was 2.4 units of blood. PMID- 7128232 TI - Fatal coronary obstruction due to cloth-wear of a cloth-covered Starr-Edwards aortic valve prosthesis. PMID- 7128233 TI - Bronchiolitis in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7128234 TI - Pacemaker system failure secondary to air entrapment within the pulse generator pocket. A complication of subclavian venipuncture for lead placement. AB - Air entrapment within the pulse generator pocket may produce pacemaker system malfunction if the anodal contract plate becomes insulated by the accumulation of air. Unipolar pulse generators are predisposed to this complication. We describe a pacemaker-dependent patient who, early after implantation, experienced pacemaker system failure as a complication of subclavian venipuncture. This patient had an unsuspected pneumothorax that progressed to subcutaneous air entrapment within the pulse generator pocket. Management of this previously unreported complication of subclavian venipuncture is rapid, noninvasive and effective. With the growing use of subclavian venipuncture technique for lead placement one should avoid the predisposing factors that can lead to subcutaneous air entrapment. PMID- 7128235 TI - Developmental, social and behavioral characteristics of speech and language disordered children. PMID- 7128236 TI - A central file for infant psychiatric programs. PMID- 7128238 TI - Child abuse and depression: cause or consequence? PMID- 7128237 TI - Lungs unlimited: a self-care program for asthmatic children and their families. PMID- 7128239 TI - Goal attainment scaling in the context of rural child welfare. PMID- 7128240 TI - Implementation of goal attainment scaling in residential treatment: an administrative model. PMID- 7128243 TI - Group orientation for parents of children in foster family care. PMID- 7128241 TI - Child abuse and violence against the family. PMID- 7128242 TI - Adolescent parricide in abusive families. PMID- 7128244 TI - A social skills training approach to the interpersonal problems of learning disabled children. PMID- 7128245 TI - Total vertex craniectomy for the treatment of scaphocephaly. AB - Sutural stripping, morcellation, subtotal craniectomy, and even subtemporal decompression, have been employed in the treatment of sagittal synostosis. This report describes a further modification of past techniques, the total vertex craniectomy. This procedure, employed in 9 patients, has achieved uniformly excellent cosmetic results. PMID- 7128247 TI - Subacute cervical myelopathy in a child with cerebral palsy. Secondary to torsion dystonia? AB - A 12-year-old girl with a spastic dystonic tetraparesis due to cerebral palsy showed a subacute cervical myelopathy. X-ray films of the cervical spine demonstrated a subluxation of C4 on C5. Myelography and computerized tomography of the cervical spine performed under general anesthesia demonstrated only a minimal rotation of C3 with respect to C4 and a rather narrow cervical canal. In the reported case the most important factor in the spinal cord impairment was probably the anterior-slipping of the 4th cervical vertebra. The subluxation, secondary to torsion dystonia as demonstrated by its relief during general anesthesia, very likely caused a long-standing, although intermittent, spinal cord compression. PMID- 7128246 TI - Gray scale ultrasound studies in neonatal infants with malformation of the brain. AB - Ultrasound findings in four newborn infants with neurological abnormalities and abnormal facies are described. The ultrasound images are compared with the images achieved by computerized tomography and with the findings at postmortem in 3 of the patients. Accurate neuroanatomical diagnosis confirmed by CT and/or autopsy findings is demonstrated in all 4 cases. It is concluded that ultrasound, particularly using an automated water path scanner, is a viable alternative in the investigation of brain malformation in the neonate. PMID- 7128248 TI - Intracranial aneurysms in the pediatric age-group. AB - 29 cases of intracranial aneurysms in children under 16 years of age are reviewed. The prodrome, presentation, location of aneurysm, and outcome are discussed. Evidence is presented to encourage a more aggressive evaluation of suspected subarachnoid hemorrhage in children. PMID- 7128250 TI - Visually elicited reaching in neonates. AB - Infants aged 8-16 days were shown a small ball, a picture of a ball, and a homogeneous stimulus card. Their reaching behavior was scored for each stimulus condition. a reach was defined using the following 3 criteria: (1) lateral extension of the arm, (2) arcing movement of the arm toward midline, and (3) flexion of the arm toward the upper half of the body. The mean rates of reaching per minute for the ball, the picture, and the homogeneous or blank card were 2.94, 2.78, and 1.83, respectively. t tests showed significant differences between the ball and blank-card conditions (p less than .002) and between the picture and blank-card conditions (p less than .007), but not between the ball and picture conditions. Thus, arm movements resembling reaching can be visually elicited in neonates, but they are elicited as readily by 2-dimensional as by 3 dimensional stimuli. Furthermore, infants do not refrain from reaching when a large central area of their visual field is blank. These results suggest only that the probability of reaching-like behavior is increased by the presence of a patterned visual stimulus. PMID- 7128249 TI - Posttraumatic cerebellar hematoma. AB - A posttraumatic cerebellar hematoma in a 12-year-old boy is reported. It was observed by CT scan that the hematoma is discharged incompletely into the subdural space. The surgical treatment was successful with complete recovery. It is suggested that CT scan should be performed as soon as possible in cranial trauma with cerebellar signs. PMID- 7128252 TI - Intrinsic temporal patterning in the spontaneous movement of awake neonates. AB - The temporal organization of spontaneous movement in healthy, awake neonates was studied on the second or third day after birth. Movement was recorded using time lapse photography and quantified as a function of time. Fourier analysis was then used to partition the total variance of each neonate's time-based data into independent components in the frequency domain. Tests on the resulting cumulative variance distributions indicated that the fluctuations in movement over time were not random. Smoothed spectral density functions were then computed to isolate the dominant rhythms. Spectral peaks occurred in the region between .24 and 1.86 cycles per min, indicating the presence of rhythms in general motility with an average frequency (across babies) of .69 cycles per min. These findings are evidence of intrinsic temporal organization at frequencies very different from previously documented rhythms in newborn behavior and physiology. PMID- 7128253 TI - Auditory-visual transfer in four-month-old infants. AB - 4-month-old infants were presented a 60-sec recording of a syllable repeated in either a regular or an irregular rhythm. The rhythms contained the same time intervals, but the pattern of the intervals differed. Following the sound, the infants were shown a 90-sec silent film of a puppet opening and closing its mouth, either in the familiar rhythm or in a novel rhythm. Infants receiving the regular sound watched the film more than infants receiving the irregular sound, a finding that was explained in terms of a transmodal "positive contrast" effect. More important, infants who saw the puppet move in a novel rhythm watched the film longer (measured in total looking and mean look) than infants who saw it move in a familiar rhythm. This is the first demonstration of auditory-visual transfer of temporal information in infants as young as 4 months. PMID- 7128251 TI - Abstraction of invariant face expressions in infancy. AB - To determine whether infants can abstract invariant face expressions across different persons (i.e., can form face expression categories), groups of 18-, 24 , and 30-week-old infants (18 boys and 18 girls per group) were habituated by the infant control procedure to photographs of 4 different female faces all wearing an identical expression (happy or surprise). In an immediately following test phase, categorization was inferred from greater generalization of habituation (less recovery of fixation) to 2 new female faces in the familiarized expression than to the same new faces in the altered (novel) expression. To rule out the possibility that generalization at test might be due to failure to discriminate the new persons, control groups of 18 boys and 18 girls at each age saw the same test faces following repeated presentations of only 1 of the 4 habituation faces. The results indicated that not until 30 weeks could infants differentiate happy and surprise expressions on a categorical basis. At 24 weeks they could distinguish a surprise expression following habituation to happy faces, but could not do the reverse. At 18 weeks they could do neither. Overall, the performance of girls was superior to that of boys. The findings are consistent with recent evidence suggesting that the ability to extract invariant configural information relative to the human face does not emerge until about 7 months of age. PMID- 7128254 TI - The abstraction and recognition of prototypes by children and adults. AB - Previous characterizations of children's categorization behavior have expressed differing views concerning the underlying structure of categorical knowledge. Important differences center on the role of specific experienced exemplars versus a generalized, abstracted prototype. In the present investigation, the ability of children and adults to abstract and recognize figural prototypes was examined using a prototype-plus-distortions design. Analysis of adults' performance supports a view of categorical knowledge as composed of a central prototype with limited retention of exemplar-specific information. The effects of prototype abstraction by adults were observed regardless of high or low accuracy constraints imposed during the concept-assessment phase, increased exposure to acquisition stimuli, or increased complexity of the abstraction task. The results obtained with preschool children reveal prototype knowledge in the relaxed accuracy condition, while demonstrating exemplar-specific information surpassing that of adults when accuracy constraints are imposed. These age-group differences are discussed in terms of differential acquisition strategies adopted by the two groups in approaching categorically related material, which result in the availability of different types of information at the time of concept assessment. PMID- 7128255 TI - The role of stimulus alignment in children's memory for line orientation. AB - In traditional tests of the "oblique effect," simultaneously presented mirror image obliques are symmetrically aligned about a vertical axis, while vertical and horizontal stimuli are asymmetrically aligned. This work establishes that configurational cues associated with different alignments play an important role in children's memory for line orientation. In experiment 1, 16 kindergartners were tested on vertical-horizontal and oblique discriminations in symmetrical and asymmetrical alignments. When stimuli were asymmetrically aligned, the oblique discrimination was learned as rapidly as the vertical-horizontal discrimination. While performance on both problems was significantly better in the asymmetrical condition, stimulus alignment exerted its greatest influence on memory for oblique orientations; symmetrically aligned vertical and horizontal lines were easier to discriminate between than symmetrically aligned obliques. Experiment 2 demonstrated that the influence of configurational cues in memory for vertical horizontal orientations increases when stimulus relationships between orthogonal stimuli are made salient. The 16 kindergartners tested found symmetrically aligned orthogonal lines as difficult to discriminate between as symmetrically aligned obliques, when stimuli were presented in diagonally oriented, rectangular frames. It is suggested that memory for orthogonal lines is more resistant to configurational cues because it typically involves an absolute code, while oblique memory always involves a relative code. PMID- 7128257 TI - The sex difference on one test of spatial visualization: a nontrivial difference. AB - Plomin and Foch's conclusion that sex differences in cognition account for very little of the total variability is challenged by demonstrating that, on a complex test of spatial visualization, the difference between males and females accounts for a quite substantial portion of the variability of the test scores. 2 measures of spatial visualization--the ETS Card Rotations test and the Shepard/Metzler Mental Rotations test--were administered to a large sample of college students. The Card Rotations test requires identification of fairly simple abstract forms after rotation within the plane; the Mental Rotations test requires identification of representations of more complex 3-dimensional figures after rotation in 3-dimensional space. Males scored significantly higher than females on both tests. Sex accounted for only 2% of the variance on the Card Rotations test but for 16% of the variance on the Mental Rotations test. Comparable sex differences on the Shepard/Metzler Mental Rotations test have also been found by other investigators. PMID- 7128256 TI - Differential cue utilization by males and females in pattern copying. AB - Previous research on pattern copying indicates that male performance improves when reference cues are added to the task, but that female performance remains unaffected by the additional information. Results of experiment 1 reveal that it is the presence of cues in the modeled pattern, rather than on the drawing sheet, that is primarily responsible for the improved copying accuracy. The data also replicate the differential cue utilization by male and female 10-year-olds. Experiment 2 found no such differential performance with a 7-year-old sample. The findings are considered relative to other visual-spatial research. PMID- 7128258 TI - Preschoolers' awareness of television advertising. AB - The ability of 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old children to correctly identify videotaped TV segments as programs and commercials was examined. While this ability improved with age, responding was above chance for each age group. The children used both auditory and visual cues in making correct identifications. The results indicate that, when a task requiring minimal verbal responding is used, preschoolers demonstrate an awareness of commercials as distinct from programs. The social policy implications of the results are discussed. PMID- 7128259 TI - The mother-infant relationship and infant development: the effect of pediatric intervention. AB - This study examined the impact of intervention provided in the context of pediatric health supervision visits on the mother-infant relationship during the first 6 months of life. 32 mother-infant dyads were randomly assigned at birth to either an intervention or attention control group, each of which received routine well-child care plus discussions regarding infant social development or accident prevention and nutrition, respectively. Blind assessment of infant and mother behavior frequencies, responsive behavior sequences, and affective relationship characteristics during a 21-min play observation revealed more sensitivity, cooperativeness, appropriateness of interaction, and appropriateness of play by the intervention group pairs, although differences in Bayley Mental Scales and the Uzgiris and Hunt subscales did not attain significance. Post hoc inspection of the behavioral correlates of the affective relationship characteristics provided support for molar assessment of mother-infant interaction as an adjunct to contemporary methods of behavioral microanalytic study. PMID- 7128260 TI - Mother-infant interaction in premature and full-term infants. AB - The interactions of 16 premature and 17 full-term infants and their mothers were studied at 6, 8, 10, and 14 months of age. The infants were matched on sex, maternal age, parity, and social class. Premature infants vocalized less, played less, and were more fretful than full-term infants of the same chronological age but looked at objects and looked around their environment more. These differences, with the exception of vocalization, disappeared by 14 months. Mothers of premature infants demonstrated more caretaking and affectionate behavior toward their infants. With increasing age the differences between groups decreased. Premature dyads experienced as much interaction as full-term dyads, but premature mothers were not constant over the period under study in the amount of time they spend in the same room as their infants. Mothers responded to the developmental level of their infants. Premature infants behaved increasingly like full-term infants as they grew older. PMID- 7128261 TI - Eye-movement control in newborns in darkness and in unstructured light. AB - Infrared television recordings were made of newborn visual activity in darkness and in the presence of uniform light fields under monocular and binocular viewing conditions. Out-of-control eye movements were substantially more frequent in light than in dark for both groups. Thus, earlier findings of more out-of-control activity in light than in darkness are not attributable to monocular viewing or to the presence of distracting contours produced by an eye patch. A distinction between exogenous and endogenous control of eye movements in newborns in supported. PMID- 7128262 TI - Amount of sucking when a sucking object is readily available to human newborns. AB - In order to find out how much sucking human newborns evidence when a sucking object is readily available, pacifiers were given to 10 newborns in response to the spontaneous occurrence of empty sucking, rooting, and mouthing and were left in their mouths until the babies relinquished them. The spontaneous occurrence of these behaviors and of finger sucking was also observed in a control group of 10 babies. Both groups were observed continually during the 2 hours before a feeding and the first hour afterward, starting before the very first feeding and continuing at regular 24-hour intervals for 4 days. The amount of time spent sucking a pacifier or finger(s) was recorded for both groups. The results indicated that the newborns spent about half an hour per hour sucking a pacifier starting on the very first day of life, and that this did not vary with feeding experience. They also indicated that some newborns in the control group sucked their fingers, 1 for considerable periods of time. The results suggest that human newborns, like other newborn mammals, program considerable sucking time for themselves regardless of whether or not milk is forthcoming. PMID- 7128264 TI - Learning display rules: the socialization of emotion expression in infancy. AB - This study presents data on changes from 3 to 6 months in the type and frequency of infant facial expression. 60 mother-infant dyads were videotaped during play and reunion following a brief separation. Mothers' and infants' facial expressions were coded using the Max muscular components method. The mothers' verbal responses to infant expressiveness were also analyzed. Infants at both ages display a wide range of expressions and a high rate of change. Mothers respond contingently to 25% of infant changes; patterns of contingent responding varied slightly as a function of infant age and sex. Mothers show more contingent responding to older sons' smiles (vs. daughters' smiles) and follow sons' (vs. daughters') expressions with imitative expressions of their own. The only expressive difference between boys and girls at this age is that girls show more frequent interest expressions. Age-related changes included an attenuation of negative affect and a slower lability of expression change for older infants. The mothers' part in these age-related changes is revealed in the following results; Maternal expressions are limited to positive emotions, especially toward younger infants; mothers show less nonverbal and verbal acknowledgment of older infant expression change and do not acknowledge certain infant negative expressions. Finally, we report mother-infant dyadic similarities in expressiveness, including particular expression types and preferential use of the brow or mouth region in expressiveness. These results indicate that socialization of affect expression is occurring during early infancy and that the infants' expressiveness is becoming appropriate according to cultural, gender, and familial demands well before the first birthday. PMID- 7128263 TI - Echoic storage in infant perception. AB - Preperceptual auditory of "echoic" storage was investigated in 8-9 week-old infants using a modification of an adult masking paradigm and a nonnutritive sucking discrimination procedure. Experiment 1 provided validation of a new version of the nonnutritive sucking procedure using the standard stimulus contrast [ba] versus [pa]. In experiment 2, infants were presented with repeating pairs of brief vowels with a stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) of 50 msec for each pair. Within each series, the first vowel in a pair changed (backward masking), the second vowel changed (forward masking), or neither vowel changed (control). Discrimination of the changed occurred in the forward- but not in the backward masking condition. In experiment 3, discrimination occurred in a backward-masking condition with an SOA of 400 msec, but not with an SOA of 250 msec or in a control condition. In conjunction with the adult literature, these results suggest that echoic storage contributes to auditory perception in infancy, as in adulthood, but that the useful lifetime of an echoic trace may be longer in infancy. PMID- 7128265 TI - [Craniocerebral trauma: when general, when neurosurgical treatment?]. PMID- 7128268 TI - [Tubular rectum and colon resection. A new operative method for the removal of large adenomas and low-risk carcinomas]. AB - A new operative method for the removal of large sessile tubular or villous adenomas and small early carcinomas of the low risk type by a "tubular" colonic or rectal resection is described. The term "tubular" applies to a short segmental resection of the colon or rectum with complete preservation of the mesocolon or mesorectum and the marginal or superior hemorrhoidal artery. This tubular resection has been used by us since 1981 in 11 patients (7 adenomas, 3 adenocarcinomas and one carcinoid). There was no suture line leakage. No lethality and so far no recurrence. The advantages of this new operative technique over conventional methods are discussed in detail. PMID- 7128267 TI - [General surgical tasks in craniocerebral injuries]. PMID- 7128266 TI - [Value and realizability of diagnostic procedures in craniocerebral trauma]. PMID- 7128269 TI - [Mechanical esophago-jejunostomy: a modern trend or progress?]. AB - After comparing our own experience with previous publications in using the American EEA suture gun for esophagojejunostomies it has to be discussed, whether the use of such suturing apparatus in this type of anastomosis is really valuable. After performing 29 mechanical esophagojejunostomies we observed a low suture insufficiency rate: 3.5% (an average rate of 12,6% is found in the available literature). We try to explain this significant difference by the use of special technical procedures, respecting the anatomy of this area. PMID- 7128271 TI - [Course of recurrent nerve paralysis after thyroid operation]. AB - In congenial collaboration with the otolaryngological department, Landeskrankenanstalten Salzburg, we have examined 216 patients with recurrent paresis within a postoperative period between half a year and 17 years. Thereby, we could note in 40% of the patients a complete disappearance of vocal cord paralysis. Disruption of the nerves, intubation damage and postoperative edemas have to be assumed to be causes of this temporary paresis. The result of the laryngological examination in no case coincided with the recovery of voice quality. The percentage of patients who were satisfied with their voice was much higher (90%), which is most important. PMID- 7128272 TI - [Patella dislocation with special reference to cartilage damage]. AB - Dislocations of the patella are discussed in the light of their pathogenesis, their possible injury pattern and their consequences. An exemplary case is presented. Especially the injury to the retropatellar cartilage with following chondromalacia--sometimes initiating the development of patellofemoral osteoarthritis--renders the dislocation of the patella a severe injury of the knee region. In case of spontaneous reduction and uncertain history the diagnosis may be difficult. The dislocation of the patella can be suspected if a hemarthrosis is found without an instability of the knee ligaments. The possibilities of an operative repair are described with special regard to the cartilage injury. Importance was layed upon the shape variabilities of the patellofemoral joint predisposing to recurrent dislocation. PMID- 7128270 TI - [The significance of bilateral diagnostic lymphadenectomy in thyroid cancer. Tactical operative procedure in the 1st intervention]. AB - In 101 patients with differentiated (papillary n = 74, follicular n = 20, or medullary n = 7) thyroid cancer and lymph node metastases a modified radical neck dissection (unilateral or bilateral) had been performed. After the examination of the lymph nodes in several stations the retrospective analysis showed positive nodes within the internal jugular vein (= central reservoir) in 96% of all cases independent of the tumor site. Only tumors in dorsal parts of the thyroid or in the isthmus (4%) showed other modes of lymphatic spread. Therefore during the first exploration the bilateral excision of the lymph nodes of the internal jugular vein (= diagnostic lymphadenectomy) by Kocher' incision is representative whether an extensive lymphatic spread has occurred. PMID- 7128273 TI - [Patient apportioning in controlled clinical studies]. PMID- 7128274 TI - [Very rare: A ductus hepato-entericus draining anomalously into the stomach]. PMID- 7128276 TI - [The legal assumptions of ambulatory surgery]. PMID- 7128275 TI - [The innervation and blood supply of the breast with regard to the perimamillary incision]. PMID- 7128277 TI - Isolation of chromosome clusters from metaphase-arrested HeLa cells. AB - We have developed a simplified approach for the isolation of metaphase chromosomes from HeLa cells. In this method, all the chromosome from a cell remain together in a bundle which we call a "metaphase chromosome cluster". Cells are arrested to 90-95% in metaphase, collected by centrifugation, extracted with non-ionic detergent in a low ionic strength buffer at neutral pH, and homogenised to strip away the cytoskeleton. The chromosome clusters which are released can then be isolated in a crude state by pelleting or they can be purified away from nearly all the interphase nuclei and cytoplasmic debris by banding in a PercollTM density gradient. -- This procedure has the advantages that it is quick and easy, metaphase chromatin is recovered in high yield, and Ca++ is not needed to stabilise the chromosomes. Although the method does not yield individual chromosomes, it is nevertheless very useful for both structural and biochemical studies of mitotic chromatin. The chromosome clusters also make possible biochemical and structural studies of what holds the different chromosomes together. Such information could be useful in improving chromosome isolation procedures and for understanding suprachromosomal organisation of the nucleus. PMID- 7128279 TI - A colcemid-sensitive mechanism involved in regulation of chromosome movements during meiotic pairing. AB - Active movements of the chromosomes may be needed in the process, where homologous chromosomes find each other during the meiotic pairing. Because the components of the cytoskeleton are generally believed to be responsible for all movements in living nonmuscle cells, we have analyzed the regulation of the movements of zygotene chromosomes in the male rat by using specific inhibitors of the assembly of the various components of the cytoskeleton. --Colcemid, an inhibitor of microtubule formation, completely inhibited the chromosome movements in vitro at a concentration of 1 microgram/ml. This was associated with a damage of the nuclear envelope revealed by the electron microscopic analysis. Another inhibitor of microtubule formation, vinblastine, was ineffective below the level of general toxicity (100 microgram/ml). A specific microfilament inhibitor, cytochalasin B was similarly ineffective. --The findings suggest the presence of a specific colcemid-sensitive mechanism in the nuclear envelope of the zygotene spermatocytes, which regulates the movements of the chromosomes during meiotic pairing. PMID- 7128278 TI - G-band-like structures and centromeric asymmetry in the BrdU containing mouse chromosomes. AB - Mouse cell cultured in the presence of BrdU or BrdC for one replication cycle were stained in a 4Na-EDTA Giemsa solution which stains BrdU-containing chromatin preferentially (Takayama and Tachibana, 1980). With this treatment clear bands (B bands) were revealed along the length of the chromosomes. The B-banding patterns were identical with the G-banding patterns of this species except for the centromeric region in which lateral asymmetry of Giemsa staining was seen. The concomitant occurrence of the lateral asymmetry with the B-banding supports the assumption that the B-bands visualized by the present technique reflect the BrdU rich chromatin regions differentially localized along the chromosomes. Most of the chromosomes constituting the mouse karyotype showed their own characteristics appearance of the asymmetry, but in some of them the asymmetry was not clear and the Y did not show any specific, centromeric staining. The marked coincidence of the B- and G-banding patterns seems to provide evidence of the involvement of AT rich chromatin in the induction of positive G-bands. The present technique also seems quite useful to analyze chromosomes of some species in which ordinary G banding techniques have been known to bring about only unsatisfactory results. PMID- 7128282 TI - [Clinical analysis of 100 cases of acute cerebral infarction]. PMID- 7128281 TI - The fourth chromosome of Chironomus tentans Malpighian tubules: an ultrastructural study. AB - Morphology and banding pattern of the 4th chromosome in Chironomus tentans Malpighian tubules have been investigated by electron microscopy, using the squash and selection technique. The map we composed from our observations shows a remarkable increase (75%) in band numbers as compared to the map previously presented by Beermann for the 4th chromosome from salivary glands. Extrapolation of this increase to the entire genome would result in a total band number of about 3,500. The mean DNA content of bands can thus be calculated to be about 50 kb. Many bands show a complex structure, including the BR2 band. Some bands seem to result from fusion of smaller components. "Minibands" have also been observed. Some interbands contain RNP particles. In our material the interbands appeared to be made up of fibrils with a diameter of about 120 A. On the basis of these results we estimate the DNA in the interbands as amounting to 2% of the entire genome. The results are discussed with respect to the organization of the polytene chromosomes and the functional significance of the banding pattern. PMID- 7128280 TI - Chromosome segregation in crane-fly spermatocytes: cold treatment and cold recovery induce anaphase lag. AB - Anaphase lagging of autosomes was observed in 6.1 +/- 5.4% of the primary spermatocytes in untreated larvae of the crane fly, Nephrotoma suturalis. Lagging was induced by exposure of larvae to 6 degrees C and during recovery at 22 degrees C from exposure to 0.2, 2, and 6 degrees C. The incidence of anaphase lag was maximal at 80 to 90 min of recovery. Induced lagging was observed at that recovery time after exposures of only 2.5 h to 2 or 0.2 degrees C, but its incidence increased with longer exposures. As many as 85% of the cells in anaphase contained autosomal laggards after 61 h at 2 degrees C and 80 to 90 min of recovery. At 2 degrees C, cells reached the prophase-prometaphase transition, but spindles did not appear to form. Those cells proceeded through prometaphase during recovery, reaching mid-anaphase after 80 to 90 min of recovery. Chromosomes that lagged at anaphase during recovery from 2 degrees C were observed in living cells to be half-bivalents derived from bivalents that congressed to the metaphase plate. One or both half-bivalents of any bivalent could lag. In some cells, one half-spindle had more half-bivalents than the other. Cells with autosomal laggards often did not cleave, and in uncleaved cells the second division employed spindles having two, three, or four poles. The basis of induced lagging might be a lapse in spindle attachment or motive force application at the start of anaphase or a failure of chromosomes to achieve proper orientation before the onset of anaphase. PMID- 7128283 TI - [Analysis of long term prognosis of patients with stroke--with follow up results in 229 cases]. PMID- 7128284 TI - [Etiological analysis of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage]. PMID- 7128285 TI - [Clinicopathological analysis of intracranial tumors in aged patients over 60]. PMID- 7128287 TI - [Crisis in myasthenia gravis--with clinical analysis of 24 cases]. PMID- 7128286 TI - [Autopsy report of 2 cases of progressive spinal muscular atrophy]. PMID- 7128289 TI - [Alternating and intermittent bundle branch block]. PMID- 7128288 TI - [Clinical and pathological analysis of complications of rheumatic valvular diseases--report of 40 cases]. PMID- 7128290 TI - [Coronary arteriographic findigs among Chinese patients in Hong Kong]. PMID- 7128291 TI - [Bone marrow necrosis, report of 4 cases]. PMID- 7128292 TI - [Biopsy diagnosis of myelofibrosis--with analysis of 21 cases]. PMID- 7128293 TI - [Problems of intracranial aneurysm]. PMID- 7128295 TI - [Clinical analysis of 170 cases of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7128296 TI - [Rheumatoid arthritis as a systemic disease]. PMID- 7128294 TI - [Study of 301 cases of Behcet's disease]. PMID- 7128297 TI - [Diagnosis of rheumatic activity in rheumatic heart disease--with clinico pathological study of 203 cases]. PMID- 7128301 TI - [Long term follow up of 75 cases of chronic bifascicular bundle branch block]. PMID- 7128299 TI - [Ischemic necrosis of the femoral head caused by adrenocortical hormones--report of 3 cases]. PMID- 7128298 TI - [Clinical analysis of 40 cases of nodular panniculitis]. PMID- 7128300 TI - [Clinical analysis of 32 cases of atrial septal defect (ostium secundum type) with concomitant mitral lesion]. PMID- 7128302 TI - [Clinical application of concentration-reinfusion of ascitic fluid with polyethylene glycol and cellophane blue]. PMID- 7128303 TI - [Clinical analysis of 31 cases of poisoning with Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f., a Chinese traditional herb medicine]. PMID- 7128304 TI - [Poisoning with some lead containing Chinese traditional drugs--report of 11 cases]. PMID- 7128305 TI - [The present status of research in digestive diseases in West Germany]. PMID- 7128306 TI - [Diagnosis and classification of infantile autism]. PMID- 7128307 TI - [Psychoses, oligophrenia and epilepsy in the Jino Clan]. PMID- 7128309 TI - [Preliminary study on urinary vanilmandelic acid levels in minimal brain dysfunction]. PMID- 7128308 TI - [Epidemiological study of mental retardation in Nanjing]. PMID- 7128311 TI - [Neuromyelitis optica--with 2 autopsy report]. PMID- 7128310 TI - [Clinical analysis of 104 cases of neuromyelitis optica]. PMID- 7128312 TI - [Acute polyradiculoneuritis treated with corticosteroids]. PMID- 7128313 TI - [Recurrent polyradiculoneuritis--an analysis of 24 cases]. PMID- 7128315 TI - [Postradiation brain necrosis]. PMID- 7128314 TI - [The role of determination of motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity in the diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy]. PMID- 7128316 TI - [Clinical analysis of 73 cases of severe craniocerebral injuries due to direct violence at the occipital region]. PMID- 7128318 TI - [Clinical analysis of 728 cases of severe and ultra-severe craniocerebral injuries]. PMID- 7128317 TI - [Leptomeningocele after skull fracture in children]. PMID- 7128319 TI - [Relationship between heart rate and oxygen consumption during physical exercise: a study of labour intensity and its limit]. PMID- 7128320 TI - [Food poisoning caused by eating snails]. PMID- 7128321 TI - [Retrospective identification of time of isolation of variants of A/Bangkok/1/79 and A/Beijing/2/79 group of H3N2 influenza virus]. PMID- 7128323 TI - [Use of nomograph of gas volume under standard conditions for the determination of poisonous substances in air]. PMID- 7128322 TI - [The presence of volatile N-nitrosamines in soy sauce]. PMID- 7128324 TI - [Application and analysis of the relative ratio in medical statistics]. PMID- 7128325 TI - [Animal reservoir of leptospirosis in Hainan Island]. PMID- 7128326 TI - [Asbestosis in a factory of Shanghai]. PMID- 7128327 TI - [Students' development during adolescence in Shanghai]. PMID- 7128328 TI - [A preliminary study on the bacteriocidal effect of different cooking methods on Vibrio parahaemolyticus]. PMID- 7128329 TI - [Industrial injuries among locomotive and rolling stock plant workers: analysis of 9,254 cases]. PMID- 7128330 TI - [Comments on certain aspects concerning tangential excision of burn wound]. PMID- 7128331 TI - [N1-metal sulfa drugs and zincpolyanemine and its derivatives in prevention of burn wound sepsis]. PMID- 7128332 TI - [Local treatment for high voltage electric injuries]. PMID- 7128333 TI - [Cooling rate and ultrastructure of frozen skin of guinea pig]. PMID- 7128334 TI - [Experimental studies on the pathological pulmonary changes in burn-blast combined injury]. PMID- 7128335 TI - [Left renal artery stenosis complicated with chronic occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery: a case report]. PMID- 7128336 TI - [Treatment of infantile muscular torticollis by manipulation]. PMID- 7128338 TI - [Dome-shaped osteotomy with external compression fixation in treatment of genu varum and valgum deformities]. PMID- 7128339 TI - [Surgical treatment of tracheo-bronchial rupture caused by closed thoracic injury]. PMID- 7128340 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of leiomyoma of the esophagus]. PMID- 7128341 TI - [Experiences with extraction of retained bile duct stones by choledochofiberscope via the "T" tube sinus tract]. PMID- 7128342 TI - [Surgical treatment of anal incontinence in adults: report of 95 cases]. PMID- 7128345 TI - [Pathology and therapeutic effects in urinary bladder tumor]. PMID- 7128344 TI - [Observations on local fibrinolytic activity of various skin layers and subcutaneous tissue]. PMID- 7128347 TI - [Mid-epigastric sternum-splitting incision for resection of carcinoma of the gastric cardia]. PMID- 7128346 TI - [Primary ureteral carcinoma: report of 10 cases]. PMID- 7128348 TI - [Esophageal stenosis caused by ectopic tracheo-bronchial cartilage: report of 2 cases]. PMID- 7128337 TI - [Closed reduction for fracture of capitulum of the humerus]. PMID- 7128343 TI - [Chronic leg ulcer repair with island flap from the dorsum of the foot: report of 8 cases]. PMID- 7128349 TI - [Perforation of common bile duct: report of 3 cases]. PMID- 7128350 TI - [Anterior decompression of the spinal cord for late traumatic paraplegia]. PMID- 7128351 TI - [Extracerebral cavernous hemangioma of middle cranial fossa]. PMID- 7128352 TI - [Ultrastructural investigation of capillary formation in experimental fracture healing]. PMID- 7128353 TI - [Nation-wide random survey for the epidemiology of pulmonary tuberculosis in 1979]. PMID- 7128355 TI - [Acute miliary tuberculosis resulting in adult respiratory distress syndrome]. PMID- 7128354 TI - [A study of short-course chemotherapy in pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7128356 TI - [A report of 7 cases of sarcoidosis]. PMID- 7128358 TI - [Helium-oxygen maximum expiratory flow volume curves in healthy persons]. PMID- 7128357 TI - [Analysis of cases of sarcoid misdiagnosed as other diseases]. PMID- 7128360 TI - Preserving Treitz's muscle in hemorrhoidectomy. AB - A new, improved approach to closed and semiclosed hemorrhoidectomy is described, in which the amount of excision is reduced. The operation has evolved from refinement of the excision and ligation technique, which may be considered too extensive a procedure. Treitz's muscle, lying on, penetrating in, and surrounding the internal and sphincter, is considered normal function tissue and is not excised. Its preservation permits easy approximation and suture of the wound edges to their normal, supple underlying tissue, avoiding direct fixation to the more rigid internal and sphincter. Residual hemorrhoidal tissue beneath the edges, if present, is also sewed to Treitz's fibromuscular tissue. Flat closed and semiclosed wounds with normal supple folding and without narrowing of the anal canal result. In a consecutive series of 100 patients, primary healing was observed in 80 per cent of the patients. Sixty four per cent experienced no pain on defecation. The functional result, with a normally pliant anorectal lining and anchorage to the preserved Treitz's muscle, is excellent. The procedure represents an accurate reconstruction of a normal state with respect to anatomy and function. PMID- 7128359 TI - [Normal values in MEFV curve and their clinical application]. PMID- 7128361 TI - Ischemic colitis in rats. AB - Left-sided ischemic colitis was induced in 44 inbred Male Fischer rats of the same age by a standardized devascularization procedure. Fifteen animals had nothing else done (Group I). Twenty-nine animals had feces evacuated from the left colon and received an enema just before the procedure; 14 had a sterile water enema (Group II), and 15 had a 1 per cent hydrocortisone enema (Group III). At sacrifice, 72 hours after the surgical procedure, the mucosal surface grossly involved in ischemic changes was measured. The mean area of ischemic changes in a Group I was significantly greater than that of either Group II or Group III (P less than .05). The incidence of circumferential changes was highest in Group I and lowest in Group III; the difference between Group I and Group III was marginally significant (P = .06). PMID- 7128362 TI - Continuous postoperative lavage in the treatment of peritoneal sepsis. AB - The problem of peritonitis after perforation or trauma to the colon continues to be an important one for colon and rectal surgeons. Treatments vary, but mortality and morbidity have always been high. For these reasons, the usefulness of continuous peritoneal lavage as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of peritonitis was examined. Twenty patients with gross peritoneal contamination were treated with continuous postoperative peritoneal irrigation for 17 to 72 hours. No patient died of sepsis or developed an intra-abdominal abscess. Three patients died: two of advanced cancer and one of a pulmonary embolus. Three additional patients developed complications: mild congestive heart failure in two and transient respiratory failure in one. PMID- 7128363 TI - Long-term survivors after preoperative pelvic radiation therapy for locally unresectable rectal and sigmoid carcinoma: an assessment of late results. AB - From 1972 to 1976, 11 patients received moderate-dose pelvic preoperative radiation therapy (4500-4600 rad +/- 500 rad boost) for initially unresectable rectal or sigmoid carcinoma. Of six patients subsequently explored, five had radical surgery and are alive without disease at least five years later. Comparison of the present long-term follow-up series with prior (short-term follow-up) series suggests that moderate-dose preoperative pelvic radiation therapy can convert many of these lesions to being resectable ones for which long term survival-without-disease can be achieved. Attention to irradiation dose and field size is stressed, and a suggestion is made that patients whose tumors at final pathology still demonstrate extrarectal extension receive postoperative small-field boost irradiation. PMID- 7128364 TI - Long-term effectiveness of the immunotherapy of anal condyloma acuminatum. AB - In a seven-year period, 200 patients with persistent or recurrent anal and perianal condyloma acuminatum were treated by immunotherapy. There were 120 primary and 80 recurrent cases in the study. Autogenous vaccine was prepared for each patient and injected subcutaneously, 0.5 ml weekly, for six weeks. Excellent results were seen in 84 per cent, fair results in 11 per cent and no benefit in 5 per cent of patients. No adverse reactions or complications were encountered. Long-term follow-up (average 46 months) was possible for 86 per cent of the patients, all of whom remained disease free. Immunotherapy is the recommended method of treatment for extensive, recurrent, or persistent anal condyloma acuminatum. PMID- 7128365 TI - Physiologic status of the anorectum following sphincter-saving resection for carcinoma of the rectum. AB - The physiologic status of the anorectum after low anterior resections or pull through operations of the rectum was evaluated clinically and by manometric studies. It was demonstrated that the presence of a normal anal resting pressure and an anorectal reflex were important to achieve postoperative continence after sphincter-saving operations. In patients with anastomotic leaks and poor function, a marked high-pressure zone in the anal canal and an anorectal reflex were not found, but as local inflammation resulting from the anastomotic leak disappeared, these parameters returned to normal. A normal anorectal reflex was found in one of three patients after Bacon-type pull-through operations, but the remaining two showed an increase of anal canal pressure during colonic distention. These results indicate that an elevation of anal-canal pressure in response to colonic distention plays a significant role in fecal continence at the time of "a sense of urgency" if internal sphincter function is impaired. PMID- 7128367 TI - Observer variation in the assessment of patients with rectal cancer. AB - To examine the reliability of clinical features as possible components of a clinical method of prognostic staging for patients with rectal cancer, the results obtained when two pairs of physicians interviewed and examined a consecutive series of 60 patients with unresected rectal cancer were compared. High levels of agreement between physicians were found for most items of the patient's history, on whether the lesion was palpable, on the distance of the tumor from the anus, on the location and circumferential extent of the tumor, and on whether the tumor was fixed or mobile. Although physicians elicited similar physical signs, their use of terms to describe the rectal lesions varied widely unless agreed-upon criteria were used. There was 63 per cent agreement on the use of descriptive terms among physicians using criteria and only 13 per cent agreement among physicians not using criteria. These results show that prognostically important clinical features in patients with rectal cancer can be reliably identified and are thus suitable for inclusion in methods of clinical prognostic staging for this disease. PMID- 7128366 TI - Diverticulitis of the terminal ileum: report of a case and review of the literature. AB - In the past two decades, several reports have documented inflammatory changes in acquired diverticula of the terminal ileum and their associated complications, namely, perforation, intestinal obstruction, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and fistulization. A comprehensive review revealed 28 cases of diverticulitis of the terminal ileum documented in the world medical literature. Only one case of internal fistula (ileovesical) has been reported previously. This report describes another patient with diverticulitis of the terminal ileum with associated perforation and jejunoileal fistula and reviews the world literature. PMID- 7128368 TI - Clinical accuracy in the diagnosis of small polyps using the flexible fiberoptic sigmoidoscope. AB - Seventy-eight patients referred to a specialist clinic for investigation of large bowel symptoms were examined with the flexible fiberoptic sigmoidoscope. One hundred twenty polyps were treated, including 84 adenomatous and 32 hyperplastic polyps. Sixty-nine per cent of polyps were situated beyond 18 cm from the anal verge. Endoscopic diagnosis was correct in 82 per cent of cases. The size of the polyp assessed endoscopically strongly influenced the clinical diagnosis but proved unreliable as a means of making an accurate diagnosis. Results indicate that whenever possible all polyps of all sizes should be removed for microscopic examination. PMID- 7128369 TI - Sigmoid volvulus with and without megacolon. AB - Sixty-six consecutive patients, admitted to St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, with sigmoid volvulus, fell into two groups, 60 without and six with acquired megacolon. In the former group, flatus tube decompression was usually successful, and sigmoid resection provided a cure. In the group with megacolon, the history was longer; patients more often had bowel symptoms before or between acute episodes of volvulus; flatus tube decompression was rarely successful; and symptoms persisted after sigmoidectomy and were sometimes associated with recurrence of volvulus of the new "sigmoid." It seems that nothing less than total colectomy will cure these patients. PMID- 7128370 TI - The presacral space as a collector of fluid accumulations following rectal anastomosis: tolerance of rectal anastomosis to closed suction pelvic drainage. AB - The amounts of fluid that collect in the presacral space after rectal anastomosis were measured in 88 such patients (85 one-stage, three two-stage) treated by one surgeon with closed suction presacral space drainage. Fluid accumulations ranged from 0 to 1816 ml (mean 258 ml) and were not influenced by various factors studied. Only one patient developed an anastomotic leak, and one died postoperatively. None of the 82 patients followed one to five years and none of five patients lost to follow-up after five to 24 months experienced anastomotic complications. These data document the presacral space as a significant collector of fluids following such operations and do not support the concern that such a tube might damage or contaminate the anastomosis more than if left undrained when measured by increased rate of anastomotic leakage, by prolonged hospitalization, or by the appearance of anastomotic complications during the follow-up period. PMID- 7128371 TI - The management of acquired rectourinary fistula. AB - Rectourinary fistula is an uncommon entity with many causes for which the optimal management remains unclear. To clarify this, a 50-year experience with acquired rectourinary fistula at the Mayo Clinic was reviewed. In the management of 57 patients, 34 patients underwent repair of rectourinary fistula, the success rate being 88 per cent and the morbidity 29 per cent. Based on this experience, a simple plan of management emphasizing etiologic and prognostic factors is presented. Repair of rectourinary fistulas can be undertaken with a high degree of success and acceptable morbidity for patients with fistulas of benign cause and for those with fistulas of malignant cause who have no gross evidence of malignancy, minimal induration from irradiation, and anticipated long-term survival. Colostomy as an adjunctive procedure is usually unnecessary in the repair of fistulas associated with benign conditions. PMID- 7128372 TI - Malignant melanoma of the anus: report of 12 patients and analysis of 255 additional cases. AB - The authors present a report of 12 patients with anal melanoma (AM) and review 255 cases reported since 1947. Combining these patients with those from the literature, the authors analyze several aspects of AM that are controversial or have not been studied in a systematic manner. The mean clinical tumor size was 4.1 cm. Seventy per cent were grossly pigmented, 63 per cent were polypoid, and 44 per cent were prolapsed. Two-thirds of AM were located in the proximal pecten, at or near the level of the anal valves. Microscopically, the most useful diagnostic criteria were melanin production, junctional change, and a nesting growth pattern. In four of the authors' cases, atypical junctional change extended laterally from the overt invasive neoplasm for distances up to 1 cm. Approximately 60 per cent of patients had metastases at the time of diagnosis. There was no statistical difference in determinate survivals of patients treated for cure by local excision and abdominoperineal resection. Neither tumor size nor configuration affected survival. The choice of therapy was not influenced by tumor size. PMID- 7128374 TI - Partial sacrectomy for en bloc excision of rectal cancer with posterior fixation. AB - A procedure for resection of the lower sacrum in patients with adenocarcinoma of the rectum is described. The indication for this procedure is posterior fixation of a tumor to sacral segments three, four, or five or to the coccyx. Through a posterior incision, the sacrum below S2 is removed with no appreciable increase in morbidity of the abdominoperineal resection. Six patients treated to date have had good results using this approach. PMID- 7128373 TI - The EEA stapler in low colorectal anastomoses: initial experience. AB - The initial experience of several colonic and rectal surgeons with the EEA stapling device for low colorectal anastomoses is reviewed. It was found that the EEA gives a better anastomosis than is possible by hand and that a surgeon familiar with doing a low anterior resection can perform it on patients for whom it is not possible by hand. However, the results with the EEA are not perfect or guaranteed. The many complications associated with its use are reviewed, and ways to avoid them are discussed. PMID- 7128376 TI - Villous adenoma of the appendix: report of a case and review of the literature. AB - This report presents a case of a 23-year-old white woman who presented with symptoms of acute appendicitis, confirmed at laparotomy. The appendectomy specimen revealed an isolated, noninvasive villous adenoma of the appendix. Appendectomy was judged to be sufficient treatment in this case since the base of the organ was not involved, and there was no submucosal spread of the villous adenoma. Literature on the subject is reviewed, and modalities of surgical treatment of "invasive" villous adenoma of the appendix are discussed. PMID- 7128375 TI - Factors affecting the morbidity of colostomy closure: a retrospective study. AB - The use of a temporary colostomy is essential in the management of trauma, carcinoma, iatrogenic perforations, diverticulitis, and a number of congenital anomalies of the colon. Closure of a colostomy can be associated with a significant complication rate and even mortality and should not be considered a minor procedure. This is a retrospective study of 114 patients undergoing closure of colostomy, in which an attempt was made to investigate and single out the factors determining complications of colostomy closure. The results point toward timing and technique of closure as the two main factors determining complications associated with colostomy closure. PMID- 7128377 TI - An unusual case of delayed rectosigmoid compression by pelvic mass following cystectomy: report of a case. AB - A rare case of rectosigmoid compression by an enormous obscure pelvic mass after cystectomy is reported. Pelvic collections in the form of abscess, hematoma, lymphocele, and urinoma are not uncommon in the early postoperative period following pelvic surgery. However, delayed appearance of a benign pelvic mass as a late complication of surgery is very rare. Localized pelvic masses discovered years after cystectomy for bladder tumor may lead to an erroneous clinical impression of local recurrence of the primary neoplasm. Differential diagnosis of common pelvic masses, diagnostic studies, and treatment are discussed. PMID- 7128380 TI - In vivo assessment of the teratogenic potential of drugs in man. PMID- 7128379 TI - Amyloid colitis. AB - Amyloidosis not infrequently involves the gastrointestinal tract and may result in a variety of symptoms, including those related to impaired motility, malabsorption, and ulceration due to ischemia. This report describes the case of a 74-year-old man with systemic amyloidosis secondary to multiple myeloma, with striking gross morphologic findings involving the colon, seen at autopsy, resembling severe inflammatory bowel disease. Microscopically, the small arterioles of the lamina propria were markedly narrowed or occluded by massive deposition of amyloid, presumably leading to diffuse ischemia and mucosal necrosis. Although the radiologic appearance of this condition has been well recognized, and ischemia due to amyloidosis has been described, this case is presented to demonstrate the gross anatomic changes not illustrated in previous reviews of the subject. PMID- 7128378 TI - Malakoplakia of the colon and recurrent colonic strictures in a patient with primary hypogammaglobulinemia: an association not previously described. AB - A nine-year old boy with primary hypogammaglobulinemia and recurrent colonic strictures who developed malakoplakia of the colon is reported on. Such an association has not been reported previously. The development of colonic strictures is not considered a gastrointestinal manifestation of hypogammaglobulinemia. Malakoplakia of the colon is a rare disease, with 26 cases being reported to date. Only five children under age 13 have been reported with colonic malakoplakia and none with hypogammaglobulinemia. Hypogammaglobulinemia should be added to the growing list of conditions predisposing to the development of malakoplakia. PMID- 7128381 TI - Infants born to hypertensive mothers treated by acebutolol. Pharmacological studies in the perinatal period. PMID- 7128382 TI - Risk of fetal growth retardation as a result of maternal hypertension. Preparation to a trial on antihypertensive drugs. PMID- 7128383 TI - A pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic study of tolazoline in the neonate. PMID- 7128384 TI - Phenobarbital protein binding in neonates. PMID- 7128386 TI - [Pharmacologic effects of caffeine and theophylline in the premature infant]. PMID- 7128385 TI - Materno-Fetal placental transfer of clobazam and norclobazam in late gestation. PMID- 7128387 TI - Inotropic effects of caffeine in rat myocardium during the postnatal period. PMID- 7128388 TI - Systematic determination of caffeine plasma concentrations at birth in preterm and full-term infants. PMID- 7128389 TI - [Use of caffeine in the treatment of apnea in premature infants]. PMID- 7128390 TI - Effects of intrauterine growth retardation on lung catecholamine levels in suckling rats. PMID- 7128393 TI - Proceedings of the Third International Colloquium of Developmental Pharmacology. Nancy, June 4-5, 1981. PMID- 7128392 TI - Correlation of the vitamin status between mother and newborn during delivery. PMID- 7128391 TI - Action of diphenylhydantoin on the behavior of rats in instrumental conditioning. PMID- 7128394 TI - Maternal folate status, birthweight and gestational age. PMID- 7128395 TI - Maternal ethanol consumption and fetal development: two potential mechanisms. PMID- 7128396 TI - Venography of the left internal spermatic vein in patients with fertility problems. AB - A varicocele testis is frequently observed in males with fertility problems. The varicocele is caused by retrograde blood flow in the internal spermatic vein, as a rule on the left. This retrograde flow is also considered to be the main contributing factor causing infertility. Retrograde flow in the left internal spermatic vein may exist even if no varicocele is palpable during physical examination. Venography of the internal spermatic vein is helpful in detecting this retrograde flow and may also demonstrate a varicocele. Varicoceles occur predominantly on the left side (90%). The investigation is as a rule confined to visualization of the left internal spermatic vein. This examination can easily be performed on an outpatient basis. Various anatomical variants of the venous system may hamper selective catheterization of the left internal spermatic vein. For a better understanding of these anatomical variants, embryonal development of this venous system is discussed. PMID- 7128398 TI - Real-time sonography of pleural lesions. PMID- 7128397 TI - Tracheal and subglottic lesions following long-standing intubation. A radiological and clinical study. AB - A 3-year systematic study was made for subglottic and tracheal lesions of patients who had been intubated for more than 10 h (87 patients intubated for time periods ranging from 10 to 1,960 h). The radiological aspect of the lesions was studied and classified as tracheal stenosis, cartilage lesions and granulomas. The radiological analyses were performed by tracheography (14 cases), xerography, xerotomography (87 cases) and CT (2 cases). The incidence of lesions was 34% with 3.4% (3 cases) of severe stenosis; only 1 patient was symptomatic. The cuff, the tip of the endotracheal tube and the suction cannula were found to be responsible for the tracheal sequelae. A statistically significant correlation was found between the duration of the intubation and the severity of the tracheal lesions. The lesions, examined radiologically about a year after the intubation, were found to be stable. PMID- 7128399 TI - Scintigraphic demonstration of sites of active erythropoiesis. PMID- 7128400 TI - [An algorithm test for self financed preliminary consultation (Pikine, Senegal). Health and economic value]. PMID- 7128401 TI - [Compressive goiter. Experience in Dakar apropos of 65 cases]. PMID- 7128403 TI - [Etiologic approach to postmortems in Dakar (apropos of 1,821 legal autopsies]. PMID- 7128404 TI - [Facial progressive and recurring Darier-Ferrand dermato fibroma]. PMID- 7128402 TI - [Mandibular ameloblastomas. Study of 53 cases in Dakar]. PMID- 7128405 TI - [Prevalence of the association of malaria and pregnancy and its variations in the Dakar urban environment]. PMID- 7128406 TI - [Arterial hypertension in the gravidopuerperal period in African women]. PMID- 7128407 TI - [Seasonal weight variation factors in infants in Pikine (Senegal)]. PMID- 7128408 TI - [Strategy put into effect in the activities of primary health care services in eastern Senegal]. PMID- 7128410 TI - [Angioma of the thyroid body]. PMID- 7128409 TI - [Initial evaluation of primary health care activities in eastern Senegal]. PMID- 7128411 TI - [Tonsillectomy under general anesthesia with naso-tracheal intubation. Safe technic: (apropos of 500 cases)]. PMID- 7128412 TI - [Endoscopy in the diagnosis of duodenal ulcers]. PMID- 7128413 TI - [Pemphigus in Senegal (apropos of 40 cases)]. PMID- 7128415 TI - [Treatment results of gastric cancer in different periods of time]. PMID- 7128417 TI - [A morphologic study of 400 cases of malignant lymphoma based on immunologic concept]. PMID- 7128416 TI - [Principle of resection of gastric cancer based upon the biologic behavior]. PMID- 7128414 TI - [Histopathologic differences in gastric carcinoma in Shanghai, Beijing and south west China]. PMID- 7128420 TI - [Radiotherapy of 262 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma--a comparison of X-ray irradiation with irradiation plus intracavitary 60Co]. PMID- 7128419 TI - [67Ga scan for tumor-animal experiment and clinical application]. PMID- 7128418 TI - [Hematoporphyrin-laser technique used in cancer diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 7128422 TI - [Prognostic significance of pathologic changes of the rectal adenocarcinoma]. PMID- 7128421 TI - [Pseudosarcomatous fasciitis--a report of 9 cases]. PMID- 7128424 TI - [Comparison of the periods of perineal wound healing after Miles operation for carcinoma of the rectum with and without preoperative irradiation]. PMID- 7128423 TI - [An analysis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cases of failed and inconclusive pathologic diagnosis]. PMID- 7128427 TI - [Pathologic features of familial hemophagocytic histiocytosis--a case report with autopsy]. PMID- 7128426 TI - [Gastric epithelioid leiomyoma--a report of 3 cases]. PMID- 7128425 TI - [Chemotherapy by infusion through hypogastric artery for bladder tumors]. PMID- 7128430 TI - [Ultrastructure of atrophic gastritis and gastric carcinoma]. PMID- 7128428 TI - [Choroid sarcoma--a case report]. PMID- 7128429 TI - [Studies on the biologic properties, pathology and sensitivity to anticancer drugs of a new murine mammary carcinoma model (MA 782/5 S)]. PMID- 7128431 TI - [A pathologic study of early carcinoma of gastric cardia]. PMID- 7128432 TI - [Histopathologic and ultrastructural studies of gastric carcinoma with preoperative radiation]. PMID- 7128433 TI - [Activation of lipid peroxidation in human stress assessed by the pentane content in the expirate]. PMID- 7128434 TI - [Nature of the muscle interaction of the hindlimbs of cats in a model of postural asymmetry]. PMID- 7128438 TI - [Sinus and junctional impulses leading to ventricular fusion beta--report of 4 cases]. PMID- 7128437 TI - [Electrocardiographic observations on the termination of supraventricular tachycardia by verapamil]. PMID- 7128436 TI - [Nature of the secondary structural defects in the DNA of tumor cells]. PMID- 7128439 TI - [A study of the relationship between distribution of myocardial foci and coronary blood vessels in Keshan disease I. The pathogenesis of peri-vascular foci]. PMID- 7128435 TI - [Modification of unilateral secretory conditioned reflexes in dogs with partial reciprocal exchange of the cerebrospinal fluid]. PMID- 7128440 TI - [Echocardiographic assessment of the left ventricular diastolic function]. PMID- 7128441 TI - [Coronary sinus atrial septal defect with absence of the coronary sinus--report of 2 cases]. PMID- 7128442 TI - [Cultivation and morphological studies of smooth muscle cells from rabbit's aorta]. PMID- 7128444 TI - [Study on the limitation of the experimental myocardial ischemia--appropriate heart rate and arterial pressure level selected by orthogonal design method]. PMID- 7128443 TI - [The effects of injecting heterologous protein upon the pathogenesis of coronary atherosclerosis]. PMID- 7128446 TI - [Matched investigation on the relationship between heavy smoking and coronary heart disease]. PMID- 7128447 TI - [Precise localization of the site of block in patients with complete atrioventricular block--a study with His bundle recordings in 33 cases]. PMID- 7128448 TI - [Nonparoxysmal junctional tachycardia--ECG and etiologic analysis in 135 patients]. PMID- 7128445 TI - [Experimental study on the cardiovascular effects of ginsenosides]. PMID- 7128449 TI - Reliability of self-reports of low ethanol consumption by problem drinkers over 18 months of follow-up. AB - Forty-eight male problem drinkers participating in an 18-month prospective evaluation of an outpatient alcohol treatment program were interviewed monthly about their drinking and related behaviors; their collateral informants were interviewed every two months during this same period to corroborate the subjects' self-reports. A high degree of consistency was found between subjects' and collaterals' reports of the subjects' drinking behavior, including days of low ethanol consumption. These results indicate that subjects' drinking behavior can be precisely and reliably assessed over a long interval. The finding that reliable self-reports of low ethanol consumption can be obtained from problem drinkers participating in an outcome evaluation study is important, since nonproblem drinking is gaining acceptance as an achievable treatment goal for some alcohol abusers. PMID- 7128450 TI - Neurochemical similarities between d,l-cathinone and d-amphetamine. AB - Cathinone, the principal alkaloid of Khat, was compared to the psychomotor stimulant d-amphetamine on a number of neurochemical measures. Like d amphetamine, d,l-cathinone released and blocked the uptake of tritiated dopamine (DA) in synaptosomal preparations. In addition, repeated high doses of d,l cathinone produced long-lasting DA depletions in various rat brain regions and decreased the number of synaptosomal DA uptake sites in a manner similar to that seen after repeated d-amphetamine administration. Importantly, this DA neurotoxic effect of d,l-cathinone, like that of d-amphetamine, is selective since regional brain levels of norepinephrine (NE) or serotonin (5-HT) are not altered on a long term basis by repeated administration of d,l-cathinone. These findings are discussed with reference to the current practice of Khat leaf chewing by people in north-eastern Africa. PMID- 7128451 TI - Alcohol incidence in rural drivers: characteristics of a population and clues for countermeasures. AB - A roadside survey operated at 42 rural sites in Vermont, U.S.A. between 10:30 p.m. and 3:00 a.m. obtained breath alcohol concentrations (BAC) from 1663 motorists. Interview data concerning biographical variables, drinking patterns, and knowledge about drinking and driving were also obtained. BACs of 0.10 or higher were found in 4.6% of this nocturnal driving population. Interview results confirmed that young male motorists are an important population-at-risk, but older male and female liquor drinkers are also prevalent. The importance of heavy and frequent beer drinking was noted, and the prevalence of a double standard with regard to beer and liquor was apparent. Intervention strategies and ideas are suggested on the basis of the data obtained in this study. PMID- 7128452 TI - Symptoms discriminating between heroin addicts seeking ambulatory detoxification or methadone maintenance. AB - The self-report symptom inventory, SCL-90-R, was administered to 240 heroin addicts seeking ambulatory detoxification and 240 requesting methadone maintenance. Controlling for age, a stepwise discriminant analysis employing a backward elimination model was performed with the SCL-90-R's nine symptom factors to determine if the addicts described different levels of symptomatology. Interpersonal sensitivity and depression differentiated between the two groups; the ambulatory detoxification patients were more depressed and described less interpersonal sensitivity than the methadone maintenance patients. The results supported the contention that heroin addicts seeking ambulatory detoxification or methadone maintenance may display different symptoms. PMID- 7128456 TI - The effect of nonabsorbable lipids on the intestinal absorption of lipophiles. PMID- 7128455 TI - Treatment of intoxication with charcoal hemadsorption. PMID- 7128453 TI - Teratogenic effects of acetaldehyde in the rat. AB - Acetaldehyde, the proximal metabolite of ethanol, was administered intraperitoneally in single and triple doses (50, 75, 100 mg/kg) to pregnant CF rats on days 10, 11 and 12 of gestation and fetuses were collected on day 21. Besides significant fetal resorptions, malformations were found which included edema, microcephaly, micrognathia, micromelia, hydrocephaly, exencephaly, hemorrhages etc. Somatometric measurements of fetuses (i.e. crown rump length, transumbilical distance and tail length) revealed significant growth retardation. Alizarin red-stained skeletal preparations showed considerable stunting. The placental weight and umbilical cord length were also significantly reduced. The close similarity of the pattern of acetaldehyde-induced fetal malformations with those resulting from maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy is suggestive of the possible implication of acetaldehyde in the fetal alcohol syndrome. PMID- 7128454 TI - Variability in opium dosage: observations from Laos, 1965-75. AB - Opiate addicts are generally believed to consume a fairly constant level of drug. These data indicate that, for most addicts over time, there is considerable variability in dosage. This variability occurs not only amongst addicts, but also in most individual addicts over time. Extreme constancy in dosage does prevail for some addicts over prolonged periods, but this is not the norm. Factors influencing dosage include age, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, duration of addiction, drug cost and drug availability. Distributions in dosage patterns are presented in this report. PMID- 7128458 TI - Clearance of continuously infused 5-fluorouracil in adults having lung or gastrointestinal carcinoma with or without hepatic metastases. AB - The steady-state apparent total body clearances (TBC) of continuously infused 5 fluorouracil (5-FU) were determined in 16 adult male patients who were receiving combined 5-FU-radiation therapy. Seven patients (group A) had Stage III adenocarcinoma or epidermoid lung carcinomas; none had known metastases. Five patients had gastrointestinal carcinomas (group B), without known hepatic metastases. Four had gastrointestinal carcinomas with evidence of hepatic metastases (group C). TBCs were calculated from infusion rates and serum 5-FU concentration data. The means (standard errors) of the TBCs were: group A, 4.49 (0.53); group B, 6.51 (0.53); group C, 2.96 (0.91) L/kg/h. The difference among the means was found to be significant (p less than 0.002) by one-way ANOVA. Differences among the groups were then examined using 95 percent confidence intervals: group A was not different from group B or group C; however, groups B and C differed from each other. Patients with hepatic metastases have 5-FU TBCs about half that of those found in patients without hepatic involvement. Clinically, patients in group C attained the higher serum 5-FU concentrations known to be radiosensitizing more frequently than patients in the other two groups; differences in toxicity were not evident. This suggests that administration of an agent that can compete with 5-FU for hepatic metabolism to patients with rapid clearance might improve the therapeutic efficacy of 5-FU. PMID- 7128457 TI - Pharmacokinetics of drugs during various detoxification procedures for overdose and environmental exposure. PMID- 7128459 TI - Pharmacy-related position papers from the APHA Pharmacy Services Committee. PMID- 7128461 TI - Serum quinidine determination: comparison of mass-spectrometric and extraction fluorescence methods. AB - A comparison of two analytical methods of quinidine plasma determination--the modified extraction fluorometric method and the mass spectrometric method--was made. Plasma supplies collected at steady state from normal human volunteers participating in a bioavailability study were analyzed, using both methods. A total of 359 samples were analyzed. Comparison of both sets of values, by linear regression, yielded an r2 value of 0.84. The results of this comparison were consistent with the results reported by others, confirming that the commonly used extraction fluorometric method of quinidine determination is sufficiently accurate for monitoring quinidine plasma concentrations in the patient care setting, as well as for bioavailability comparisons between products. PMID- 7128460 TI - Pharmaceutical services at a U.S. Bureau of Prisons facility. AB - This article describes a typical Bureau of Prisons (BOP) medical department at a medium-security federal correctional institution. Details of the daily activities of a pharmacist-practitioner--performing the traditional pharmaceutical services and providing primary patient care to the inmate population--are recounted. The author shows that practicing this unique dual role of a pharmacist-practitioner in a BOP medical facility is a valuable asset to the medical staff and is not only an experience in medicine, but an experience in life as well. PMID- 7128462 TI - Predictability of theophylline levels. PMID- 7128463 TI - A suspected case of thiazide-induced hyponatremia. PMID- 7128464 TI - Antimicrobial susceptibility tests. PMID- 7128465 TI - [Diagnostic significance of CK-MB isoenzyme in the early phase of myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7128466 TI - [Protein binding and hydroxylation rate of digitoxin in renal failure]. PMID- 7128469 TI - [Tuberkulose-Schutzimpfung]. PMID- 7128467 TI - [Demonstration of wheat proteins in food products: immunological possibilities and limits for patients with gluten-sensitive enteropathy (coeliac disease)]. PMID- 7128468 TI - [Diagnosis of instable angina pectoris]. PMID- 7128470 TI - [Transluminal angioplastic in acute occlusion of the renal artery]. PMID- 7128473 TI - [Therapy of schizophrenia]. PMID- 7128472 TI - [Myelosuppression with macrocytic anaemia and leucopenia during treatment with azathioprine in myasthenia gravis]. PMID- 7128474 TI - Mechanism of protection against carbon tetrachloride toxicity. I. Prevention of lethal effects by partial surgical hepatectomy. AB - Both partial surgical hepatectomy and a challenge with a small dose of CCl4 depress the metabolism of xenobiotics in the liver. In fact, hepatocytes become provided with metabolic activity rates which are peculiar of either embryo or newborn rat liver. These experiments have shown that partial surgical hepatectomy prevents rats from death caused by otherwise lethal doses of CCl4. At the same time, sham-operated animals survive to a limited extent after a large dose of the halogen compound. Investigations carried out on the metabolic efficiency of liver microsomes, both in vito and in vivo, clearly demonstrate that the preventive effect against CCl4 depends mainly on the impaired metabolic activity of endoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 7128475 TI - Modification of methanol potentiation of CCl4 toxicity in rats by chloramphenicol and salicylate. AB - The mechanisms by which methanol potentiates CCl4 hepatotoxicity was studied in rats. Chloramphenicol, an inhibitor of cytochrome P-450, blocked the increase of serum glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase activity enhanced by methanol pretreatment of rats exposed to CCl4. Chloramphenicol also decreased microsomal lipid peroxidation in both CCl4 and methanol-pretreated, CCl4-intoxicated animals when measured 30 minutes after exposure. Chloramphenicol prevented the loss of glucose 6-phosphatase activity after CCl4 and methanol. Sodium salicylate, which lowers the level of NADPH in the hepatocyte, blocked methanol potentiation of CCl4 damage as measured by the elevation of serum GOT activity. Therefore, methanol may potentiate CCl4 hepatotoxicity by stimulation of CCl4 bioactivation by cytochrome P-450 via an increase in the level of reduced NAD(P)H in the liver. PMID- 7128477 TI - Subchronic dermal toxicity study of allyl methacrylate in rabbits. AB - A 28-day subchronic dermal toxicity of allyl methacrylate (AMA) was conducted in New Zealand white rabbits. Groups of six male and six female rabbits were treated with the test material at dose levels of 0, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg/day for four weeks. One satellite group of male and female rabbits was also treated with 100 mg/kg/day of AMA. No overt signs of toxicity or abnormal behavior were seen among the rabbits during the treatment period. Two females from the 50 mg/kg/day group and two females at the highest dose level died during the course of the study. No mortalities and no significant adverse effects were observed in the low dose and control rabbits. Males treated with the highest dose level exhibited reduced weight gain and lower food consumption. The test material has no significant adverse effects on serum biochemistry, urine and hematological parameters or absolute and relative organ weights. No chemical related gross pathological alterations were observed in any of the organs or tissues examined at the time of necropsy except slight hemorrhage in the fascia of the skin of rabbits treated with 100 mg/kg/day of AMA. There were no significant chemical related microscopic changes found in any of the test rabbits. The animals of the satellite group appeared fully recovered following the 28-day dermal exposure to AMA. These results suggest that it is unlikely that AMA will present a significant health hazard from skin contact under normal conditions of industrial handling. PMID- 7128476 TI - Mitigating effects of ICRF-159 (razoxane) on a daunomycin-induced cardiomyopathy in mice. AB - In an attempt to induce in mice the cardiomyopathy associated with daunomycin treatment and to ameliorate this disorder by a protective pretreatment with ICRF 159 (razoxane), young male BDF 1 mice were injected with daunomycin, 6 mg/kg, in multiple doses. A second group of mice were pretreated by injection with razoxane, 200 mg/kg, 24 hours before each daunomycin administration. Within three weeks of the third daunomycin injection one half of the unprotected mice were moribund and were sacrificed. Mice pretreated with razoxane survived the length of the experiment without exhibiting any disabilities. Myocardial tissue of all mice was processed for light and electron microscopic examination. The myocardial ultrastructure of daunomycin-toxic mice showed foci of incipient changes, characterized by sarcoplasmic translucency, vacuolation of membrane-limited components, degeneration of mitochondria and lysosomal aggregates. Evaluation of mice pretreated with razoxane either failed to reveal ultrastructural alterations or demonstrated only minimal changes in the myocardium. PMID- 7128478 TI - Skin sensitization potential of allyl methacrylate in guinea pigs. AB - The skin sensitization potential of allyl methacrylate (AMA) was studied in Hartley albino guinea pigs. Two groups of guinea pigs (10 per compound) were subjected to repeated insult patch tests either with AMA or with dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). All guinea pigs treated with DNCB (positive control) were sensitized. None of the guinea pigs treated with AMA exhibited any evidence of sensitization and no reactions attributable to AMA were elicited as a result of exposure during the insult phase of the patch test. Based on these results, it is concluded that allyl methacrylate is not likely to be a sensitizer and exposure to this material in industrial handling situations will not present an appreciable risk of human skin sensitization, PMID- 7128480 TI - Trigeminal neuralgia. A practical approach to treatment. PMID- 7128481 TI - The role of drugs in management of burns. PMID- 7128482 TI - Quantitative analysis of growth and myelination of cutaneous nerve fibers in the chick. AB - Cutaneous thoracic nerves from 16-day embryos to 6-month chickens were studied. Special attention was given to the increase in caliber of developing axons, number of lamellae in the myelin sheath and distribution of group sizes. Myelination begins at 14 days of incubation but occurs mainly after hatching: 5% of fibers are myelinated in the 3-day chickens, 20% at 16 days and 63% at 6 months. During development, a rectilinear positive correlation between the axon diameter and the number of myelin lamellae was found at all stages, except in 16 day embryos, and the slope of the calculated regression lines decreased with age, as mean diameter and sheath thickness increased. The rate of daily myelin initiation was maximum between 3 and 16 days after hatching while the speed of myelin formation decreased with development. For nonmyelinated fibers, a regular reduction of the number of fibers per Schwann cell takes place during nerve maturation. PMID- 7128471 TI - [Treatment of hypertension with bupranolol, bemetizide and triamterene]. PMID- 7128483 TI - Temperature dependence of morphological response of glioblasts to glia maturation factor. AB - Glioblasts respond to glia maturation factor (GMF) by outgrowth of cell processes. This morphological response takes place at 37 degrees C but not at 23 degrees C, suggesting the involvement of temperature-dependent chemical processes in the mechanism of action of GMF. The morphological response of glioblasts to GMF is correlated with the rearrangement of microtubules but not with any net change in tubulin content of the cells. PMID- 7128479 TI - Pepper sauce toxicity. AB - An acute oral LD50 of Pepper Sauce in male white Sprague-Dawley rats was determined to be 23.58 ml/kg with upper and lower limits of 29.75 and 18.70 ml/kg, respectively, at the 0.95 confidence level. In the female rats, the LD50 was determined to be 19.52 ml/kg with upper and lower limits of 24.35 and 15.64 ml/kg, respectively, at the 0.95 confidence level. This sex variation was found to be insignificant. A subchronic oral toxicity evaluation of Pepper Sauce in male and female white Sprague-Dawley rats revealed no gross or microscopic pathological changes in the animals nor were any significant biochemical changes noted. The growth rates remained within normal range. Pepper Sauce was shown to be a mild skin irritant and a moderate to severe eye irritant in New Zealand albino rabbits; vinegar, an ingredient of Pepper Sauce, was shown to contribute significantly to the ocular toxicity. The Pepper Sauce did not induce terata in Sprague-Dawley rats nor skin sensitization in guinea pigs. PMID- 7128485 TI - Transplacental effects of methylmercury chloride in mice with specific emphasis on the audiogenic seizure response. AB - Sabra mice were exposed to a single injection of 8 mg/kg body weight of methylmercury chloride on day 12 of their gestation. The mice were then sacrificed on day 19 and their fetuses were removed for examination. The fetal malformation rate was 8.6% with the most common anomaly being cleft palate. In another group, offspring who were exposed in utero to a single dose of 8 mg/kg methylmercury chloride were tested for their susceptibility to the audiogenic seizure response on days 28-31 after birth. There was a significant (p less than 0.05) increase (almost twofold) in the susceptibility of treated versus controls to this response, suggesting possible neurological damage. PMID- 7128484 TI - Neonatal hyperthyroidism causes premature development of baroreceptor-mediated cardiac sympathetic reflexes. AB - Baroreceptor-mediated reflex control of cardiac sympathetic activity does not appear fully until the third week of postnatal age in the rat, possibly because central processing of baroreceptor sensory input is deficient in the neonate. Hyperthyroidism, which accelerates synaptogenesis in the peripheral sympathetic and central nervous systems, was produced by administering 3,3',5 triiodothyronine (T3) daily, and effects on development of baroreceptor-mediated sympathetic reflexes were evaluated. To test baroreceptor-mediated reflexes, control and T3-treated rats of different ages were given hydralazine acutely to produce a decrease in blood pressure, which in adult rats results in a large, sympathetically-mediated stimulation of cardiac ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity. In control neonates, cardiac ODC responses to hydralazine were absent until the 3rd week of age, but the T3-treated animals showed increases as early as 8 days of age. Furthermore, increased turnover of norepinephrine in cardiac sympathetic nerves in response to the hydralazine-induced hypotension was 2- to 3 fold higher in the 8-day-old T3-treated animals than in controls. These data indicate that the early appearance of the ODC response to hypotension in hyperthyroid rats results, at least in part, from precocious development of the ability of baroreceptor input to influence efferent sympathetic function. PMID- 7128489 TI - [Vitreous surgery for diabetic eye disease]. PMID- 7128487 TI - [Ocular albinism]. PMID- 7128488 TI - [Acute listeriosis during pregnancy and labor]. PMID- 7128490 TI - [The elk throat bot fly causing human ophthalmomyiasis]. PMID- 7128486 TI - [Impaired mucociliary function in children]. PMID- 7128491 TI - [Systolic time intervals and left ventricular function in coronary heart disease]. PMID- 7128492 TI - [Infective endocarditis in children]. PMID- 7128494 TI - [Pneumothorax in the newborn infant caused by respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 7128495 TI - Vitamin a deficiency in Kenya: past and present. PMID- 7128493 TI - [The "locked-in" syndrome with loss of consciousness]. PMID- 7128496 TI - Round worm intestinal obstruction in children at Kenyatta National Hospital Nairobi. PMID- 7128497 TI - The influence of formulation and sterilisation conditions on the stability of half-strength darrows in 2.5% w/w dextrose solution to autoclaving. PMID- 7128498 TI - Benign brain stem strokes of unknown cause in young people. PMID- 7128499 TI - Acute transverse myelopathy: a review of 23 cases. PMID- 7128501 TI - Antral mucosal diaphragm: an obstructing lesion of the stomach. PMID- 7128500 TI - Intestinal lymphangiectasia: a case report at Kenyatta National Hospital. PMID- 7128502 TI - Insufficient milk and the World Health Organization Code. PMID- 7128503 TI - Practical therapeutics--use of oral anti-diabetic agents. PMID- 7128504 TI - Mercury poisoning in Kenyan children. A further report on epidemiological aspects. PMID- 7128506 TI - Metabolic rate in newborn babies in thermoneutral conditions and when overheated. PMID- 7128505 TI - Ultrasonic patterns of intrauterine fetal growth in a Latin American country. AB - Head circumference and its cross-sectional area, biparietal and fronto-occipital diameters, abdominal circumference and its cross-sectional area, and the transverse and anteroposterior diameters were measured in 30 healthy single fetuses from normal pregnancies by means of ultrasound. The 5th, 50th and 95th percentiles of distance and velocity curves are described. The comparison of the values of a perimeter (abdominal or cephalic) measured directly from the photograph or calculated by the ellipse formula, showed a straight correlation. The use of the ellipse formula in current practice may simplify and reduce the cost of this technology. PMID- 7128507 TI - Early postnatal weight gain: comparisons between Asian and Caucasian infants. AB - Little is known about the early weight gain of British born Asian babies. This study sets out to compare weight gain of 34 healthy Asian term babies with 34 white Caucasian babies over the first two months of life. The Asian infants were lighter at birth but their rate of weight gain did not differ significantly from their white Caucasian counterparts. These findings offer indirect support for the hypothesis that the smaller size at birth of Asian babies is not due to intrauterine growth retardation. Had this occurred a greater weight gain indicating 'catch-up growth would have been expected. PMID- 7128508 TI - Size at birth of Asian and white Caucasian babies born in Leicester: implications for obstetric and paediatric practices. AB - This investigation extends our knowledge of the size of British born Asian babies compared with those of white Caucasian origin. Seventy Leicester born term Asian babies at birth were lighter, shorter, leaner and had smaller heads than their white Caucasian counterparts. The Asian mothers were shorter and lighter at the start of pregnancy but their weight/height2 index was the same. With the appreciation that the Asian population in Britain is far from homogenous in regard to religion, diet and country of origin, it is concluded that the smaller size at birth of Asian babies is unlikely to be due to undernutrition of their mothers in pregnancy. Genetic factors, as indicated by the shorter stature of the mothers are more likely to be responsible. These findings have implications for obstetric and paediatric practices. PMID- 7128510 TI - The energy content of infant formulas. AB - The reported energy content of infant formulas will vary, depending upon the method used to calculate or measure the caloric value. Manufacturers' specifications regarding the energy content of milk formulas reflects the 'metabolizable' energy. i.e., the amount of energy which is digested and absorbed by the infant. However, estimates of absorptive efficiency are based primarily upon studies in young adult subjects fed mixed diets and therefore may not be generally applicable to all neonates. The actual caloric content of formulas may be determined accurately by bomb calorimetry which is not influenced by the relative metabolic efficiency of the infant who may utilize the formula. Therefore, it may be preferable to express the caloric value of milk base formulas in terms of absolute combustible energy. PMID- 7128509 TI - Effects of methods of collection and storage on nutrients in human milk. AB - The effects of collection technique, storage container, and the duration and temperature of storage on selected nutrient concentrations in mature human milk were evaluated. Milk samples were collected during the fourth week of lactation from women 20-35 years of age by hand expression or suction. Greater volumes and fat concentrations were observed in milks collected by suction. Vitamin A, zinc, iron, copper, sodium, and protein nitrogen concentrations were not affected by storage of milk in either pyrex or polypropylene containers for up to 24 h. The storage temperature had a significant effect on protein nitrogen and ascorbic acid concentrations. These findings indicate that collection methods and storage procedures used for comparatively brief periods will affect the concentrations of selected nutrients of mature human milk. Specific recommendations are made for the collection and storage of milk. PMID- 7128511 TI - Trace element content of breastmilk from mothers of preterm infants in Nigeria. AB - Copper, zinc and iron contents were determined in samples of breastmilk obtained from 15 women who gave birth preterm and 20 women who delivered at term. Copper levels in mothers of preterm babies fell from 0.54 microgram/ml in colostrum to 0.30 microgram/ml at the eighth week of lactation while the levels of mothers of term babies fell from 0.34 to 0.27 microgram/ml. Zinc levels fell from 7.14 to 5.36 microgram/ml and from 5.98 to 3.93 microgram/ml. respectively. Iron levels fell from 1.05 to 0.70 microgram/ml and from 0.56 to 0.43 microgram/ml. It appears that breastmilk from mothers giving birth to preterm babies contains significantly higher levels of copper, zinc and iron during the early lactation period when compared to mothers of term babies. PMID- 7128512 TI - Developmental profiles for the brainstem auditory evoked potential. AB - Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP's) were recorded from 641 subjects in eleven age groups ranging from birth through adulthood, including three levels of prematurity, in order to establish an age-specific normative data base. The amplitude and latency values for waves 1-6, interwave differences for 3-1, 5-3, 5 1 and the amplitude ratios for 5/3 and 5/1 were then converted to percentile scores to permit construction of age-related BAEP profile report forms. Visual inspection of the printed output reveals the proportion of subjects falling above and below a given individual across all BAEP measures. This simple format is useful for general screening purposes as well as plotting maturational changes in healthy or high risk infants. PMID- 7128514 TI - Behaviour of preterm newborns reaching term without any serious disorder. AB - We studied the behaviour of 20 preterm infants (average gestational age 33 weeks) brought to term, without any serious disorder. These infants were compared with a group of 21 healthy term infants. To evaluate behaviour we used the 26 items of the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioural Assessment Scale (BNBAS). Our preterm infants had on the whole better scores than those reported in the literature for preterm infants with various disorders. Apart from lower ability to bring hand to mouth and in getting used to visual stimuli (these differences are statistically significant) they had, in the items of orientation a lower score only in ability to follow a voice and a face (not statistically significant). These results show that preterm infants reaching term without any serious disorder do on the whole as well as full-term infants. This correlates with the observations of Dubowitz on behaviour and particularly on visual function of preterm infants and confirms the preliminary report of Daum regarding the influence of the type of neonatal pathology on the ability of orientation at the moment of term. PMID- 7128515 TI - The continuous measurement of milk intake at a feed in breast-fed babies. AB - A method for the continuous measurement of milk intake during a breast-feed is described. A miniature Doppler ultrasound flow transducer, located in the tip of a latex nipple shield, is interposed between mother and baby during feeding. Preliminary results indicate the scope and current limitations of the method in terms of both populations and individual mother/infant pairs. An initial analysis of individual feeds indicates that two factors may contribute to the curtailment of intake during a feed from one breast: a progressive reduction in intake volume per suck, and/or an increase in the proportion of time spent pausing between bursts of sucking. PMID- 7128513 TI - Risk of bilirubin acid precipitation in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome: considerations of blood/brain bilirubin transfer equilibrium. AB - Twenty-six preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), were examined daily during the first 6 days of life. Twenty-six equally preterm but clinically well infants served as controls. In the RDS infants, plasma albumin concentration was low, hyperbilirubinemia was prolonged, plasma pH was decreased during the first two days, and the concentration of reserve albumin for binding of monoacetyldiaminodiphenylsulfone (MADDS), a deputy ligand for bilirubin, was decreased on the second throughout the sixth day, when compared with the controls. These factors concur in increasing the likelihood of bilirubin acid precipitation in RDS above the increased risk present in preterm infants. The plasma of the preterm controls was supersaturated with respect to crystalline bilirubin acid by an average factor 5 (index of plasma bilirubin toxicity = 0.7) on the first day of life, peaking at a factor 10 (index 1.0) on the third and fourth days while these factors were 10 and 20 (index 1.0 and 1.3), respectively, in the RDS infants. Two of the latter surpassed a level of 60 times supersaturation (index 1.8) where acute precipitation of amorphous bilirubin acid becomes possible. PMID- 7128516 TI - Ultrastructural changes in preputial neural tissues: effects of maternal drinking. AB - Peripheral nerves in the prepuces of eight newborns were studied in this investigation. The mothers of four of these newborns were alcohol abusers but did not smoke or take coffee. The other four mothers did not drink alcohol or coffee, nor did they smoke. Using a transmission electron microscope, the peripheral nerves in preputial specimens were studied for pathological changes. In samples taken from the prepuces of those newborns with drinking mothers, the neuropathological changes seen were mainly in the unmyelinated axons. These demonstrated increased vesicular and tubular elements of agranular endoplasmic reticulum and dense bodies not found in the specimens taken from the non-drinking group. Other significant findings in the fetal preputial specimens from the alcohol group were aggregations of mitochondria and collagen entrapment. PMID- 7128517 TI - Contributions to the epidemiology of liver cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis. AB - The real prevalence of liver cirrhosis within the total population is unknown. Our own statistic evaluations of the mortality from liver cirrhosis in relation to the death rate and investigations in fatal accidents may suppose a real prevalence of nearly 1% in the population of the GDR. Investigations of trends have shown a rising rate of incidence and mortality from liver cirrhosis in the GDR, mainly caused by alcoholic cirrhosis. There are positive correlations with the increasing alcohol consumption and negative ones with hepatitis incidence. Liver cirrhoses are accompanied by a high percentage of secondary diseases especially by gastroenterologic, cardiologic and metabolic disorders. The increase of alcoholic cirrhoses in the age group 20-40 years from 35% 1970 to 63% 1978 with the peak for men between 30-50 years will be of economic importance. Main topics for the epidemiologic research of liver cirrhosis have been discussed. PMID- 7128519 TI - [Incidence of malignant neoplasms of the digestive tract in East Germany]. PMID- 7128518 TI - [Frequency and significance of inflammatory pancreatic duct changes in patients with upper abdominal pain of unknown origin]. AB - In 104 patients with longstanding abdominal pain of unknown origin endoscopic pancreatography was carried through after a thorough noninvasive exploration (Secretin-CCK-test included). Pancreatography revealed in 18% slight but distinct pathological changes at the pancreatic duct system compatible with chronic pancreatitis. As the frequency of the pathological pancreatographic findings showed no correlation with duration of pain history but a significant correlation with age it is suggested that the duct changes encountered represent rather age dependent irrelevant fibrosis of the pancreas tan clinically relevant chronic pancreatitis. Slight pathological duct changes are by themselves no proof of chronic pancreatitis because there is no possibility to discriminate between chronic pancreatitis and age-dependent fibrosis on the ground of pancreatography. ERP therefore is of little or no value in patients with otherwise insubstantial suspicion of chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 7128520 TI - [Irritable colon syndrome]. AB - The irritable bowel syndrome is one of the most frequent diseases which could be observed in a gastroenterologic practice. The knowledge of its symptoms allows a preliminary diagnosis (working diagnosis) which must be secured by an extensive exclusion diagnosis if there is no improvement of the complaints within 2-3 weeks or if the symptoms like blood in the faeces, increasing fatigue, elevated sedimentation rate and so on will be developed. The foundation of the treatment are a conversation in detail with the patient, a high residue diet, sufficient bodily conditioning, massage of the large bowel, and gifts of anticholinergics. PMID- 7128521 TI - [Carbohydrate tolerance and intracellular sodium concentration in rabbits with dietary hypercholesterolemia]. AB - The transport of sodium ions and glucose is a specialized membrane function. Variations in the cholesterol content of the cell membrane influence these functions. The influence of a hypercholesterolemia upon the intracellular sodium concentration and the glucose tolerance was investigated in cholesterol/rape oil and in cholesterol fed rabbits. The cholesterol/rape oil fed rabbits had lower KG values and higher peripheral insulin levels than the control animals. The Na+Ery was decreased after 12 weeks of hypercholesterolemia. The na+Muscle was not changed. A negative correlation was found between the KG-value and the Na+Ery (Na+Muscle) in normal rabbits. In the hypercholesterolemic rabbits existed a negative correlation between the KG-value and the Na+Muscle and a positive correlation between the KG-value and the Na+Ery. It was postulated that membrane functions determined these correlations. PMID- 7128522 TI - [Differential diagnosis of increase in abdominal circumference: muscular abdominal bloating]. PMID- 7128523 TI - Postnatal development of corticosteroid-binding globulin: effects of thyroxine. AB - The aim of this study was to examine the temporal and dose characteristics of the corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) response to T4 and to determine whether this response is due to stimulation of hepatic biosynthesis of CBG. When n propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroid pups were given a single injection of T4 (0.1 microgram/g BW) on postnatal day 5, 6, or 7, only pups treated on day 7 showed a significant increase in CBG. In a T4 dose-response study conducted with 5- and 8-day-old pups, older pups exhibited maximum CBG concentrations (Rmax) which were 2.5-fold higher than those of younger pups. The D1/2 (dose required to elicit half the maximum response) values were similar at both ages. The effect of T4 withdrawal on serum CBG was also studied in PTU-treated pups. T4 injection on postnatal days 5-19 resulted in a progressive rise in CBG. In pups treated with T4 on days 5-9 and then withdrawn from treatment through day 20, serum CBG showed no further increase but was maintained at an elevated level. Using a liver slice system to assess CBG production in vitro, livers from 14-day-old hyperthyroid pups produced 4.77 ng corticosterone bound/g liver, while livers from euthyroid pups produced no CBG. We conclude: 1) the response of CBG to T4 is a function of the age of the animal; between days 5 and 8 this is due to increased Rmax without any change in sensitivity to T4 (D1/2); 2) T4 is required not only to initiate but also to sustain the developmental increase in CBG; and 3) T4 elicits an increase in circulating CBG by stimulating its synthesis. PMID- 7128525 TI - The fetal thymus of guinea pig as an estrogen target organ. AB - [3H]Estradiol ([3H]E2) shows a saturable, high affinity binding (Kd = 0.18 nM) in the cytosol of the guinea pig fetal thymus. The association rate constant at 4 C of [3H]E2 to cytoplasmic receptor is 1.0 X 10(5) M-1 sec-1. The dissociation rate constant of this complex is 4.4 X 10(-6) sec-1 at 4 C and 3.3 X 10(-4) sec-1 at 26 C. Other physicochemical characteristics, such as binding specificity, which is limited to natural and synthetic estrogens, and sedimentation coefficient, which is 8S under low salt conditions and 4S under high salt conditions, are typical for estrogen receptor. The [3H]E2-cytoplasmic receptor complex chromatographed in DEAE-Trisacryl columns is eluted in a continuous 0- to 0.5-M KCl gradient by 0.15- to 0.2-M KCl concentrations. The cytoplasmic [3H]E2 receptor complex can be transferred to the nucleus in vitro by a temperature dependent process; it can be extracted from the nucleus by 0.4 M KCl as a 5S sedimenting macromolecule. The levels of available cytoplasmic receptors increase during fetal development from 9.7 fmol/mg protein at 36 days of gestation to 31 fmol/mg protein at the end of gestation. Three or six daily injections of E2 or estrone (1 mg/kg BW) to pregnant animals (58-64 days gestation) significantly decreased the weight of the fetal thymus by 50% with respect to values in vehicle injected animals. Histologically, a reduction in the size of thymic lobules with a decrease in the width of the cortical lymphoid area and an increase in the medulla-cortex ratio was observed. The in vitro incorporation of [3H]thymidine into thymic DNA was reduced by 50% after E2 treatment. The same estrogen treatment also induced a decrease in cytoplasmic estrogen receptors by 63-72% and a concomitant 5- to 6-fold increase in nuclear estrogen receptors, with respect to values in vehicle-injected animals. It is concluded that estrogen receptors are present in the fetal thymus of the guinea pig, and that this fetal organ is estrogen responsive. PMID- 7128526 TI - Effect of pH and lysosomotropic agents on membrane-associated and internalized 125I-iodinated human growth hormone in cultured human lymphocytes: a quantitative biochemical and electron microscopic study. AB - When 125I-iodinated human GH ([125I]iodo-hGH) interacts with cultured human lymphocytes at 15 C, the reaction is reversible, but at 37 C the reaction becomes less dissociable as a function of incubation time. Acidification of the incubation medium results in rapid ligand dissociation at 15 C, but at 37 C the acid-dissociable component decreases as a function of incubation time. Under conditions where approximately 50% of the ligand is internalized by the cell, 90% is nondissociable. When the 37 C incubation is carried out in the presence of 25 mM NH4Cl, cell-associated radioactivity is increased. Under these conditions approximately 90% of cell-associated radioactivity also is nondissociable. Using quantitative electron microscopic autoradiography, the proportion of [125I]iodo hGH associated with the plasma membrane and internalized by the cell is indistinguishable in the presence or absence of NH4Cl. Irreversible [125I]iodo hGH association with cultured human lymphocytes is due to time- and temperature dependent effects in the plasma membrane of the cell. These effects cannot be distinguished from internalization by acidification. Furthermore, lysosomotropic agents increase cell-associated radioactivity, but the proportion internalized is not increased. PMID- 7128524 TI - 1-(o-chlorophenyl)-1-(p-chlorophenyl)2,2,2-trichloroethane: a probe for studying estrogen and progestin receptor mediation of female sexual behavior and neuroendocrine responses. AB - A number of chlorinated insecticides have been shown to interact with estrogen receptors and to mimic estrogen action in peripheral reproductive tissues (e.g. vagina and uterus). The present study was designed to assess whether the dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) isomer o,p'-DDT has estrogenic or antiestrogenic activity in neural estrogen target tissues. Single sc injections of up to 500 mg/kg o,p'-DDT had no effect on female sexual behavior (lordosis). However, more prolonged treatments induced high levels of lordosis behavior, inhibited compensatory ovarian hypertrophy, and reduced body weight gain in ovariectomized adult female rats. Since o,p'-DDT was able to mimic the action of estrogen on these three neuroendocrine responses, further experiments were performed to determine whether the compound could be used as a tool to investigate the role of hypothalamic steroid receptors in estrogen stimulation of reproductive behavior. It was found that single injections of 500 mg/kg o,p'-DDT (which did not induce sexual receptivity) interacted with cytosol estrogen receptors in both the hypothalamus and pituitary. However, depletion of cytosol receptors by o,p'-DDT was very slow and incomplete; maximal depletion was only 51% and did not occur until 8 h postinjection. It was also observed that neither behaviorally effective nor ineffective injections of o,p'-DDT were able to induce progestin receptor synthesis in the hypothalamus or pituitary. Thus, it appears that the inability of the compound to promote lordosis behavior after a single injection probably results from inadequate receptor interaction in hypothalamic cell nuclei, but that failure to induce neural progestin receptor synthesis is not the critical factor. These data also suggest that the study of o,p'-DDT action in the brain may provide useful information regarding mechanisms of steroid mediation of neuroendocrine responses. PMID- 7128527 TI - The site of action of intrahypothalamic estrogen implants in feminine sexual behavior: an autoradiographic analysis. PMID- 7128528 TI - Influence of glucocorticoids on postnatal lung development in the rat: possible modulation by thyroid hormone. AB - Between the 4th and 10th days of postnatal life in the rat, serum corticosterone levels were low and basal, while the rate of [3H]thymidine incorporation into lung DNA was maximal. From day 13, serum corticosterone levels began to rise significantly, and the lung [3H]thymidine incorporation rate began to fall dramatically; however, these events were obtunded by propylthiouracil-induced hypothyroidism. When 6- to 8-day-old euthyroid pups were given a single sc injection of 10 micrograms dexamethasone, the rate of DNA synthesis in the lung fell by 96.7% of the initial rate at 24 h. This steroidal effect was blunted in hypothyroid pups and restored by exogenous thyroid hormone. The thyroid status of the pup did not modify the response patterns of lung phosphodiesterase and cytosolic glucocorticoid receptor levels to dexamethasone treatment, although both parameters were influenced by thyroid hormone availability. Radiocholine incorporation into lung phospholipids, which was altered in hypothyroidism, was unaffected by dexamethasone treatment. An in vivo assessment of radiothymidine incorporation into DNA of various tissues in 5-day-old euthyroid pups given 10 micrograms dexamethasone 24 h earlier revealed that of the several tissues in which inhibition of DNA synthesis was demonstrable, the developing lung was the most sensitive to the anti-mitogenic steroidal effect. When considered in the light of existing evidence, these observations suggest that glucocorticoids play an important role in triggering lung cytodifferentiation during the third postnatal week in the rat, and that preconditioning of the lung by thyroid hormone optimizes this developmental effect of glucocorticoids. PMID- 7128529 TI - Stimulation of protein glycosylation by thyrotropin. PMID- 7128530 TI - Inhibition of adenylate cyclase by angiotensin II in rat renal cortex. AB - Adenylate cyclase of rat renal cortex was inhibited by angiotensin II (AII). Inhibition required Na+ (100-200 mM) and GTP (10(-8)-10(-4) M) and was opposed by the receptor antagonist [1-sarcosine, 8-isoleucine]AII. The EC50 value (+/- SE)for inhibition by AII was 3.7 +/- 1.2 nM, and the maximum inhibition (+/- SE) was 23 +/- 3%. Inhibition was specific for AII, since both AI and AIII, at concentrations up to 1 microM, were ineffective in producing inhibition. The maximum decrease (+/- SE) in adenylate cyclase activity was from 2.45 +/- 0.08 to 1.78 +/- 0.1 pmol.min/mg protein. A similar absolute decrease was observed when adenylate cyclase was stimulated by calcitonin, vasopressin, or isoproterenol. The inhibition of PTH-stimulated activity [16.7 +/- 0.5 (+/- SE) to 12.2 +/- 0.7 pmol.min/mg protein) was significantly greater than the inhibition of basal activity. Therefore, at least some of the inhibitory angiotensin receptors are coupled to adenylate cyclase molecules which also coupled to receptors for PTH. PMID- 7128531 TI - Association between plasma level of growth hormone and sex differentiation of hepatic steroid metabolism in the rat. PMID- 7128535 TI - Prolactin stimulates dopamine release from male but not from female rat striatal tissue superfused in vitro. AB - Direct prolactin (PRL) effects on dopamine (DA) release from fragments of rat striatal tissues were studied by the in vitro superfusion technique. The DA collected in the superfusates was quantified by a radio-enzymatic assay. In the present experiments, intact and one-week gonadectomized adult male and female rats were used. The spontaneous release of DA from male and female rat striatal tissues was relatively stable after a 60 min equilibration period. The basal release rate of DA from striatal tissues from intact males infused only with medium over a 76 min period was 22.5 +/- 0.7 pg/mg/min (X +/- SE of 4 experiments). Infusion of highly purified PRL (NIAMDD-rPRL-I-5) at a concentration of 1 microgram/ml for 24 min significantly augmented DA release from striatal tissues from intact and castrated males (167 +/- 15% (n=6) and 203 +/- 32% (n=4), respectively) over pre-infusion basal levels. Infusion with heat denatured PRL or other proteins had no effect on DA release from intact male striatal tissues. In parallel experiments, infusion of PRL at 0.1, 1 or 10 micrograms/ml concentrations for 24 min had no effect on the basal release of DA from striatal tissues from intact and ovariectomized females. These results demonstrate that an absolute sexual difference exists in the responsiveness of rat striatal tissues to PRL infused in vitro. Interestingly, this sexual difference was not modified by short-term castration. PMID- 7128534 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to the glucocorticoid receptor. AB - One thousand-fold purified unactivated rat liver glucocorticoid receptor was obtained by affinity chromatography followed by gel filtration. Splenic lymphocytes of immunized mice were fused with a nonproducer SP2 myeloma cell line to obtain hybridomas secreting antibodies against receptor. Hybridoma lines, injected into mice, developed ascites tumors which provide substantial amounts of monoclonal antibodies. A monoclonal antibody was purified from ascites fluids by chromatography on an anti-mouse IgG column. The antibody was shown to react physically with the glucocorticoid receptor. PMID- 7128532 TI - Acute effects of iodine on the stimulated rat thyroid. AB - Rats fed a low iodine diet (LID) for 5 weeks were given 125I as NaI to prelabel their thyroids; 24 h later, they were injected ip with 1 mg KI. They were then killed at different time intervals of up to 4 h. Thyroids of control animals not injected with KI were hyperplastic, the tissue showed microfollicles devoid of colloid, thyroglobulin was poorly iodinated, and thyroid peroxidase activity was increased. Within 4 h after KI injections, there was 1) a decrease in thyroid weight, 2) expansion of the follicular lumens of the hyperplastic in thyroid tissue and accumulation of colloid, 3) an increase in the thyroglobulin iodine concentration, and 4) a decrease in the thyroid peroxidase activity. Some of these changes started to occur as early as 60 min after KI administration. By that time, using the microprobe, most of the organically bound iodine was detectable inside the follicular cells. Radioiodine (125I) used to prelabel the thyroids was accumulated inside the follicles during the entire observation period. The serum TSH level was elevated and did not decrease after KI administration. It is concluded that excess iodine in LID rats may produce acute morphological and biochemical changes which seem to be a direct effect of iodine not mediated by modifications of TSH. The distribution of organically bound iodine, as determined by the microprobe, and the biochemical studies were interpreted as suggesting intracellular thyroglobulin iodination in these stimulated rat thyroids. PMID- 7128536 TI - Biological and immunological characterization of human luteinizing hormone discharged in a pulsatile fashion in the normal menstrual cycle. AB - Biological and immunological measurements of human luteinizing hormone (hLH) were performed with plasma samples obtained by continuous withdrawal over a 10-hour period in various phases of the normal menstrual cycle. A pulsatile pattern of hLH discharge was demonstrated by both the in vitro bioassay and radioimmunoassay throughout the menstrual cycle, although the frequency and the amplitude of the pulse differed according to the menstrual stage. The decreased half disappearance time of immunoreactive hLH (83.7 min with 95% confidence limits at 64.3 and 103.1 min), in comparison with that of bioactive hLH (122.9 (98.2: 147.6) min), and the rapid recovery of the depressed biological to immunological activity ratio (B/I ratio) at the peak of the pulse (0.87 (0.77:0.96) in the periovulatory phase indicated the concomitant discharge of hLH subunits with hLH. The differences in the half disappearance times of bioactive hLH in the follicular and luteal phases (103.6 (94.7:112.5) min and 87.2 (72.5: 101.9) min, respectively) and in the B/I ratios at the peaks of the pulses in these two phases (1.17 (1.05:1.30) and 1.03 (0.94:1.12), respectively) suggested the selective secretion of hLH subpopulations with various biological and immunological potencies and with various clearance rates. The significantly depressed B/I ratios at the trough in the luteal phase (0.58 (0.44:0.76) were sufficient to question the overall reliability of the hLH-RIA procedure employed, especially when applied to low hLH levels, even after several methodological improvements. PMID- 7128537 TI - Hemoglobin Ai levels in hyperthyroidism. AB - Hemoglobin AI (HbAI) was studied in 21 cases of hyperthyroidism (H) and 33 control subjects (C). The correlation equations between fasting blood glucose (FBG, mg/dl, x) and HbAI (%, y) in the H and C groups were: y=0.07x+1.26 (r=0.5, p less than 0.05) and y=0.048x+2.23 (r=0.94, p less than p.001), respectively. Five cases in the H group showed a higher level of HbAI far outside the confidence of 5% level of significance calculated from correlation equation for the C group. The correlation equation for the sum of blood glucose (sigma BG, mg/dl, x) during GTT and HbAI (%, y) in the H group was y=0.003x+5.3 (r=0.64, p less than 0.01); in the C group y=0.005x+3.1 (r=0.88, p less than 0.001). sigma BG and HbAI showed a close correlation in both groups. According to the results of the GTT, the subjects, either C or H group, were divided into three sub groups: normal (n), borderline (b) and diabetic (d). The correlation equation between triiodothyronine (T3, ng/dl, x) and HbAI (%, y) in the H group was calculated as y=0.003x+6.49 (r=0.58, p less than 0.05). T3 in the n subgroup was 331 +/- 90 ng/dl, in the b subgroup 362+/-166 ng/dl and in the d subgroup 621+/ 227 ng/dl, and there was a statistical difference between the b and d groups. PMID- 7128533 TI - Ovine placental cortisol production. AB - Cortisol levels were determined by radioimmunoassay in samples simultaneously obtained from the four vessels serving the ovine placenta (uterine artery and vein, umbilical artery and vein). These samples were collected daily over a 20- to 30-day interval in three animals in the latter third of pregnancy. Cortisol levels in the uterine and umbilical veins were higher than those in the arteries in 67 of 73 sample sets. Net synthesis of 11-deoxycortisol and cortisol from 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone by dispersed placental cells was also demonstrated in vitro. These data provide strong evidence that the ovine placenta has the ability to synthesize 11-deoxycortisol and cortisol in vitro and normally does so in vivo. PMID- 7128538 TI - Effect of cimetidine on prolactin secretion in normal controls and hyperthyroid patients. AB - Nine healthy female controls and 10 hyperthyroid female patients were studied. The intravenous administration of 200 mg cimetidine, an H2-receptor antagonist, was followed by a significant and marked rise in serum prolactin levels in all control subjects. There was no significant difference in serum PRL response to cimetidine injection between the euthyroid controls and hyperthyroid patients. But max delta PRL, the change from basal to peak values, is significantly lower in the hyperthyroid patients than in the controls. There was a significant negative correlation between max delta PRL and serum T4 or T3 levels in hyperthyroid patients before and after treatment with MMI or PTU. It appears from our data that cimetidine induced PRL release was blunted in hyperthyroid patients. PMID- 7128539 TI - Further report on the endocrinological profile of 17 alpha-cyanomethyl-17 beta hydroxy-estra-4,9(10)-diene-3-one (STS 557) in rodents. AB - STS 557, a new orally active progestin with antifertility properties has been tested for uterotrophic, antiuterotrophic, vaginotrophic, and antiovulatory effects. Further, maintenance of pregnancy in ovariectomized mice, influence on pregnancy in mice and rats, and conditioning of the immature rat uterus for decidual response were investigated. Both estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activities in mice and rats were found to be very low. STS 557 fails to maintain pregnancy in ovariectomized animals but does not interfere with pregnancy in intact mice if implantation already took place. Moreover, no effects have been found regarding the influence on the first ovulation in prepuberal rats. The biological profile of STS 557 in animals seems to make this compound suitable for use as a post-coital contraceptive. PMID- 7128540 TI - Simultaneous release of androgens and progesterone by gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) dispersed testicular interstitial cells under basal conditions and after stimulation with luteinizing hormone. AB - The production of androgens and progesterone by dispersed gerbil interstitial cells was studied in vitro. Incubation of 80,000-100,000 cells with 2.3-143.8 microIU LH/vial resulted in a 1.9-8.0 fold increase of androgen and in a 2.2-19.8 fold increase of progesterone release. The ratio of androgens/progesterone released by gerbil interstitial cells was 8.1 in the absence of LH, and was significantly higher in the presence of 143.8 microIU LH/vial (17.7). In all cell assays performed (n = 5), a highly significant positive correlation between LH stimulated androgen and progesterone release was found. In comparison with androgen biosynthesis in vitro in either the rat or mouse, gerbil, interstitial cells are much more sensitive to LH as argued from both androgen and progesterone release. The reason for this high responsiveness of gerbil interstitial cells is not clear; it may be due in part to the very low bioactive LH levels in gerbils leaving a major part of LH receptors unoccupied thus allowing even trace amounts of LH to fully activate steroidogenesis. PMID- 7128544 TI - Free water excretion due to suppressed vasopressin and stimulated aldosterone during sodium restriction in hypoaldosteronemic renal failure. AB - In two from 3 hyperkalemic patients with chronic glomerulonephritis associated with suppressed aldosterone production ("selective hypoaldosteronism") fractional free water excretion increased and urine osmolality decreased during sodium (Na) restriction. In one of the patients with severe renal concentrating defect in combination with partial vasopressin deficiency polyuria was paradoxically accentuated by lowered Na intake. Na restriction induced 1. a dramatic increase in plasma aldosterone levels, 2. a decrease in glomerular filtration rate associated with a marked disturbance in the glomerulotubular balance resembling to the effects of volume expansion, and 3. a decrease in urinary arginine vasopressin excretion. Paradoxical enhancement of water excretion was explained by increased delivery of filtrate into the distal nephron, increased abstraction of Na from the tubular fluid together with insufficient water permeability of the collecting tubules and lowered vasopressin production. PMID- 7128541 TI - [Chlorpropamide-alcohol flush test in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in young age (MODY type)]. AB - The chlorpropamide alcohol flush test (CPAF) has been described as a dominantly inherited feature in NIDDM, particularly of young people (MODY-type). Validity and usefulness of the CPAF were analyzed in 40 MODY-patients recruiting from a population study (criteria acc. to Tattersall and Fajans, 1975), 59 first degree relatives (24 diabetics, 35 non-diabetics), 40 NIDDM of maturity onset, 40 IDDM, and 40 healthy controls. The CPAF (single challenge test, placebo control, subjective evaluation by questionnaire acc. to Kobberling, 1980) proved to be positive in only 8 MODY-patients and 5 of diabetic first-degree relatives. In comparison to NIDDM of maturity onset (40/8), IDDM (40/6) and healthy controls (40/2) the frequency of positive CPAF showed no significant differences. Between flushers and non-flushers within the MODY-group no relationship to vascular findings, metabolic and genetic data (including HLA-typing) could be found. It is concluded that the CPAF is a real but rather nonspecific phenomenon unsuitable as a genetic marker. PMID- 7128542 TI - Dose dependent modulation of receptor dynamics and uterine growth in immature rat by estradiol: importance of an additional nuclear binding at 24 hr for long-term (72 hr) uterine growth. AB - Administration of a low dose of estradiol (0.25 or 2.5 microgram/animal) to immature rats caused a pulsatile receptor translocation, resulting in a single nuclear receptor peak (1-3 hr) and maintenance of the uterine growth until 24 hr. At a higher dose (10.0 microgram/rat), maintaining the circulatory estradiol levels for a longer duration, a biphasic nuclear translocation occurred. The usual profile of nuclear receptor binding until 12 hr was followed by a second phase of receptor translocation, resulting in an additional nuclear receptor peak at 24 hr. The uterus continued to grow until 72 hr, reaching five times its original wet weight. The duration of receptor interaction and the magnitude of uterine stimulation would, therefore, appear to be largely dependent upon the period of bioavailability of estradiol. However, there are additional intracellular regulatory mechanisms not fully understood as yet, which seem to modulate the cytosol-nuclear receptor dynamics, thus influencing the extent of uterine stimulation. PMID- 7128543 TI - Specific uridine binding by some proteins. AB - Chemically pure or highly purified proteins have been analysed for their specific uridine binding. The peptides generally have two well distinguishable binding sites for uridine regarding their Kd and Bmax values. Uracil competed for the uridine binding sites with uridine, whereas adenine, corticosterone and testosterone did not. The adenine and the sexual steroids augmented the number of maximal binding sites in many cases. The number of specific binding sites varied from 1 to 61 per peptide (Kd: 1.1--51.7 X 10(-10) M). PMID- 7128545 TI - Plasma vasopressin and oxytocin in response to exercise and during a day-night cycle in man. AB - Plasma vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT) were determined by radioimmunoassay in healthy young men before, during and after a running exercise until exhaustion. In four of the five test subjects (one subject was underloaded) physical load resulted in a marked increase in plasma AVP with peak values of 11.7 to 57.8 pg/ml at exhaustion. Plasma OXT increased in three test subjects with peak values of 4.5 to 23.9 pg/ml. Within 1 h of recovery, both neuropeptides returned to basal plasma levels. The relationship between plasma AVP and osmolality (p less than 0.001) suggests that changes in osmolality play a dominant role in regulating the secretion of AVP. Besides peripheral effects, the increased levels of AVP and/or OXT during and immediately after the exercise, respectively, might induce a favourable action on the brain function. Determination of plasma AVP and OXT during a day-night cycle in the same test subjects reveals increased AVP levels from 02.00 to 08.00 h as compared to the other time periods chosen (18.00--24.00 h, p less than 0.001; 08.00--16.00 h, p = 0.031). In contrast, OXT does not differ between these time periods but decreased from 08.00 to 16.00 h (p less than 0.01). Accordingly, no correlation exists between both neuropeptides suggesting an independent secretion. It is unclear whether the circadian variations shown are able to influence the neuropeptide response to exercise. PMID- 7128546 TI - Sex differences in adrenocortical structure and function. X. Lipid and corticosterone in the rat adrenal as affected by gonadectomy and testosterone or estradiol replacement. AB - Studies were performed on lipid and corticosterone content in adrenal glands of intact male and female rats and on their relation to gonadectomy and gonadal hormone replacement. Concentration of total lipid, total cholesterol, phospholipid and glycerides is similar in adrenals of adult male and female rats, however their content, due to larger adrenals, is markedly higher in females. Orchiectomy has no effect on concentration of lipid classes studied while their content in adrenals increased. Testosterone replacement resulted in an increase in concentration of total lipid and phospholipid and has no effect on total cholesterol and glyceride concentration. Ovariectomy evoked an increase in total lipid and phospholipid concentration, has no effect on glycerides and lowered total cholesterol concentration in rat adrenals, while estradiol replacement diminished concentration of all classes of lipids studied. Adrenal corticosterone concentration is higher in female than male rat while no differences in BT positive steroid were observed. Orchiectomy increased corticosterone concentration, after testosterone administration the value did not differ from control. Ovariectomy has no effect and estradiol increases corticosterone concentration in the gland. Performed studies suggest that testosterone increases the concentration of main classes of lipids and decreases the corticosterone concentration in the rat adrenal cortex while estradiol has an opposite effect. PMID- 7128548 TI - Development of the Schwartz-Bartter syndrome after the administration of chlorpropamide and 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin. PMID- 7128549 TI - An epidemiologic survey of thyroid enlargement among schoolchildren in a non endemic area. AB - In 534 unselected schoolchildren aged 6-14 yr from the greater Athens area the size of the thyroid gland was assessed by palpation, and information was obtained on sex, age, height, weight, skinfold thickness, socioeconomic class, eye colour and urinary iodine excretion. The results were analysed by discriminant analysis. Altogether 14% of these children had a thyroid enlargement (7% had a definite goitre and another 7% a smaller enlargement). The set of variables studied were significantly discriminatory (Wilk's lambda 0.926, p approximately equal to 0.004). Most of the discrimination was accounted for by height (positive association, b coefficient 0.0114, SE 0.0029, t = 3.95) and weight (negative association, b coefficient 0.0107, SE 0.0030, t = 3.61). No other parameter, including iodine excretion, showed a significant difference between goitrous and nongoitrous. It is concluded that the only genuine difference is that goitrous are heavier for a given height or shorter for a given weight, i.e. more obese. The reason for which obesity protects from sporadic nontoxic goitre is not entirely clear, but probably both nutritional and genetic factors are involved. PMID- 7128551 TI - Oxytocin release from neurohypophysis evoked by preganglionic stimulation of the rat superior cervical ganglion. AB - 1. In male rats under urethane/chloralose anaesthesia the pituitary gland was exposed by transpharyngeal approach. The following methods were applied: (a) posterior pituitary lobe incubation in situ with the anterior lobe removed and the posterior lobe elevated so that only the vessels between the lobe and the meninges are broken, and continuous exchange of the incubation fluid; (b) removal of the entire pituitary and continuous exchange of the fluid washing the cut proximal end of the pituitary stalk. 2. 20 to 30-min samples of incubation or washing fluid were collected for 3-5 hrs and oxytocin was assayed according to Van Dongen and Hays (1966). 3. Preganglionic stimulation of the superior cervical ganglion caused significant increase (ca. 25 times) of oxytocin release from the posterior pituitary lobe. 4. Preganglionic stimulation of the superior cervical ganglion did not alter oxytocin content in the fluid washing the cut proximal end of the pituitary stalk. 5. The sympathetic neurons of the superior cervical ganglia could evoked oxytocin release from the neurohypophysis but did not change its outflow from the hypothalamus to the neurohypophysis. PMID- 7128550 TI - Plasma oxytocin and estradiol in pelvic neurectomized rats with blocked parturition. AB - To determine if oxytocin and estradiol were effected by pelvic neurectomy (PN), utero-ovarian vein blood was collected from PN rats during the preparturient period and assayed for these hormones. Radioimmunoassayable oxytocin levels were not significantly different in any groups of sham operated (S) or PN animals on days 21 and 22 or PN animals on days 23 and 24. Estradiol (E2) levels rose significantly on day 22 in S animals but there was no significant change in E2 in PN rats throughout the time period studied, although E2 levels were generally high. These results indicate that the blocked parturition characteristic of PN animals cannot be attributed to altered oxytocin levels. The lack of a significant E2 surge on day 22 in PN rats may contribute to the failure of utero ovarian vein prostaglandin F levels to rise in these animals during the preparturient period. PMID- 7128547 TI - Effect of theophylline on binding of triiodothyronine, thyroxine, thyroxamine, tetraiodothyroacetic acid and cortisol in the cytosol of human leukocytes. AB - Inhibition constants describing competitive potency of thyroactive analogues and cortisol against labelled triiodothyronine (T3) in cytosol in human leukocytes were determined in the presence and the absence of theophylline by means of charcoal-dextran assay. L-triiodothyronine, L-thyroxine,L-thyroxamine,L tetraiodothyroacetic acid, D-thyroxine and cortisol competed with T3 in binding sites of cytosolic proteins without theophylline addition. While theophylline addition increased the competitive potency (decreased the values of inhibition constants) of all thyroactive analogues, no such equivocal effect has been found in the case of cortisol. PMID- 7128552 TI - Influence of repeated cold exposures on adrenocorticoid formation in rabbits with lesioned limbic-hypothalamic system. AB - Experiments were carried out in the rabbit, with view to elucidating the role of limbic-hypothalamic system in the adrenocortical responses to repeated cold exposures. In each sham-lesioned group, in the rabbit with lesioned in bilateral stria terminalis and dorsal fornix, the formation of adrenocorticoids in adrenal was markedly increased by 1st cold exposure (cold exposure on 1st day), with the adrenocortical responses to 1st cold exposure being nearly the same in these groups. The bilateral lesions in periventricular arcuate nucleus and ventromedial hypothalamus decreased the adrenocortical responses to 1st cold exposure. In each sham-lesioned group, and in the rabbits with lesioned in bilateral periventricular arcuate nucleus, ventromedial hypothalamus and dorsal fornix, there were no effects of 7th cold exposure (cold exposure on 7th day) on the formation of adrenocorticoids. However, in the rabbits with lesioned in bilateral stria terminalis, the formation of adrenocorticoids was markedly increased by the 7th cold exposure. From these results it might be suggested that periventricular arcuate nucleus and ventromedial hypothalamus participated to adrenocortical response to 1st cold exposure, and the amygdala-stria terminalis system played some role in the establishment of adaptation to repeated cold exposures in adrenocortical responses. PMID- 7128553 TI - Role of the pituitary gland in adaption of the fish Tilapia mossambica (Peters) to contrasting backgrounds. AB - The fish Tilapia mossambica were exposed for 30 days to continuously illuminated black or white backgrounds. When compared with the controls the black-adapted fish showed multiplication of the melanophores with a maximal dispersion of the melanosomes. The white background induced blanching of the fish because of depletion of the melanophores and aggregation of the melanosomes. The treatment evoked major changes in the pars intermedia cells. Of these, the amphiphils were stimulated in the black-adapted and regressed in the white-adapted fish indicating that these cells secrete melanophore stimulating hormone. The cyanophils showed depressed activity in the black-adapted fish, but in the white adapted animals they were stimulated. These alterations suggest the elaboration of a melanophore concentrating hormone by the cyanophils. Regressive effects were also recorded in the gonadotrops and gonads of the experimental T. mossambica. PMID- 7128554 TI - The effect of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone on the adrenal cortex of the fetal rat. AB - The effect of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) on the fetal adrenal cortex in rat was studied in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, an injection of alpha-MSH stimulated the adrenal cortex slightly. Treatment of the adrenal cortex with alpha-MSH in organ culture caused hyperfunctional change in the innermost layer of the cortex, the detection of which was done by electron microscope. This treatment caused at the same time an increase in corticosterone in the culture medium. Furthermore, comparison was made between alpha-MSH and ACTH with respect to their effect on the fetal adrenal cortex. PMID- 7128555 TI - 10 years follow-up of transsphenoidal pituitary surgery in acromegaly. PMID- 7128556 TI - Effect of glutaurine (gamma-l-glutamyl-taurine) on the serum glucocorticoid and estriol level in rats. PMID- 7128557 TI - Ergonomics in agriculture and forestry. Hampshire College of Agriculture, 17-18 September 1980. Selected papers. PMID- 7128558 TI - The perception of machinery indicator sounds. PMID- 7128559 TI - Human strength in the operation of tractor pedals. PMID- 7128560 TI - Motivation and performance. PMID- 7128561 TI - A positive approach to assessment of chemical hazards in agriculture. PMID- 7128562 TI - Graphical determination of heat tolerance limits. PMID- 7128563 TI - Sewing-machine operators' work and musculo-skeletal complaints. PMID- 7128564 TI - A biomechanical analysis of industrial manual materials handlers. PMID- 7128565 TI - Arm and leg strength compared between young women and men after allowing for differences in body size and composition. PMID- 7128566 TI - The relation between discomfort and postural loading at the joints. PMID- 7128567 TI - Comparison of uphill and downhill walking and concentric and eccentric cycling. PMID- 7128568 TI - Circadian changes in resting heart rate and body temperature, maximal oxygen consumption and perceived exertion. PMID- 7128569 TI - Effect of maximal grip strength and initial grip strength on contraction time and on areas under force-time curves during isometric contractions. PMID- 7128570 TI - Prolonged self-paced hard physical exercise comparing trained and untrained men. PMID- 7128571 TI - Vibration and comfort. I. Translational seat vibration. PMID- 7128572 TI - Vibration and comfort. II. Rotational seat vibration. PMID- 7128573 TI - Optimum handle positions in a box-holding task. PMID- 7128575 TI - Subjective response to whole-body vibration. The effects of posture. PMID- 7128576 TI - Vibration and comfort. III. Translational vibration of the feet and back. PMID- 7128574 TI - Spectral analysis of heart rate variability as an indicator of driver fatigue. PMID- 7128578 TI - Horizontal lifting--physiological and psychological responses. PMID- 7128577 TI - Vibration and comfort. IV. Application of experimental results. PMID- 7128579 TI - Variability in human response to whole-body vibration. The effects of instructions. PMID- 7128580 TI - Further characterization of the Ca2+-dependent F-actin-depolymerizing protein of human serum. AB - The F-actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) of human serum was purified and identified as a 93000-daltons protein. The concentration of ADF was calculated to 120-150 micrograms/ml in four normal sera and about half as much in three sera from leukemia patients treated with cytostatic drugs. In the presence of Ca2+ ADF shortened actin filaments into fragments, the size of which was correlated to the actin: ADF molar ratio, as judged by electron microscopy. The severing of F-actin was not necessarily followed by an increase in the quantities of monomeric actin, as determined by a DNase I inhibition assay and a sedimentation assay. The findings indicated that ADF shortens filamentous actin by breaking bonds between adjacent actin molecules thereby forming stable ADF-actin complexes, without a monomeric net release. The effect of ADF on F-actin was rapid and was reversed upon chelation of Ca2+. ADF cross-reacted immunologically and exhibited similarity in reaction mechanism with gelsolin, the Ca2+-dependent F-actin severing protein from macrophages. This implies that the proteins are both structurally and functionally related. The physiological role of ADF may be to handle actin released at cell destruction, probably by forming ADF-G-actin 1:1 complexes thereby preventing formation of actin filaments. PMID- 7128581 TI - Mechanism of synthesis of adenosine(5')tetraphospho(5')adenosine (AppppA) by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. PMID- 7128582 TI - Biosynthesis of two structurally different pro-opiomelanocortins in the pars intermedia of the amphibian pituitary gland. AB - This study reports the biosynthesis of two forms of pro-opiomelanocortin in the pars intermedia of the pituitary gland of the African clawed toad Xenopus laevis. The two forms could be resolved by dodecyl sulphate gel electrophoresis on a 9 16% acrylamide gradient and their molecular weights were 38200 and 37300. Incubation of neurointermediate lobes with [3H]glucosamine followed by tryptic digestion of the newly synthesized glycoproteins, revealed that both prohormones have only one glycosylated site, namely within the region corresponding to gamma 3-melanotropin. Biosynthesis of proteins in lobes treated with tunicamycin to prevent glycosylation again resulted in the production of two pro opiomelanocortins (Mr 35000 and 34200), indicating that the two forms differ in their primary structure. This notion was corroborated by the results of tryptic mapping of the newly synthesized prohormones. The maps showed that the primary structures of the two forms of pro-opiomelanocortin differ in at least two parts of the molecules, one part concerning the endorphin region. PMID- 7128583 TI - Binding-mechanism and sensitivity in gamete chemotaxis of the phaeophyte Cutleria multifida. AB - Female gametes of the marine brown alga Cutleria multifida discharge multifidene into the water to attract the swimming males. The physicochemical principle of interaction between semiochemical and membrane receptor site is seen in mutual but complementary induced dipoles. Halogenated derivatives of multifidene with intact overall structure and stereochemistry but altered electronic properties were synthesized and assayed as lures. A direct correlation was observed between increasing polarizability and biological activity, thus proving the proposed mechanism. The low threshold concentration of this communication system (4 X 10(9) molecules/ml), together with a detailed knowledge of the gamete's architecture, swimming velocity and stimulus response time, indicates that very few, may be even single, molecules are able to trigger the sensomotoric chain. The rigidity of the natural signal molecule was recognized as an important element in inducing conformational fitting in the ligand/receptor complex. PMID- 7128585 TI - Copurification of citrate lyase and citrate lyase ligase from Rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa and subsequent separation of the two enzymes. AB - A procedure has been worked out which allowed the purification and crystallization of a citrate lyase/citrate lyase ligase complex from Rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa. The complex was subsequently separated to yield two homogeneous enzymes. Citrate lyase ligase was purified 365-fold with a yield of 3.23%. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 39500, the enzyme consisted of one polypeptide chain. The reaction rates for ATP, acetate and citrate lyase (sulfhydryl form) followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics (Km values: 0.14 mM, 5 mM and 37 nM respectively). Citrate lyase ligase exhibited a high substrate specificity and could not react with citrate lyases from nonphototrophic microorganisms. In contrast to the ligase from Streptococcus diacetilactis, the enzyme from R. gelatinosa was extremely labile; however, it could be stabilized by nucleotides, the most potent stabilizing one being ADP. PMID- 7128586 TI - Analysis of structure-function relationships in citrate lyase isolated from Rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa as revealed by cross-linking and immunoelectron microscopy. AB - Citrate lyase (EC 4.1.3.6) isolated from Rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa was analyzed using cross-linking experiments and immunoelectron microscopy. Different cross linking reagents and antibodies directed against citrate lyase and specifically against all three subunit types (L, M and S) were applied. A structure-function model is proposed for citrate lyase from R. gelatinosa: the enzyme occurs in two configurations, 'rings' and 'stars'. The ring contains two identical layers each consisting of three subunits L, with one subunit S as a polar cap sitting on each L, and three subunits M in alternating sequence (18 subunits altogether). In the star, the same 18 subunits are arranged in a different way. Whereas the subunits L are located at the periphery, the subunits M are concentrated in the center of the particle. The subunits S are positioned relative to L as in the ring; however, their location relative to the subunits M is changed. By transition from ring to star, areas on S are brought into contact with areas on M by rotation of structural units, consisting of one L, one M and one S subunit per layer, against each other, with S of one structural unit close to M of the neighbouring structural unit. This transition is assumed to work also in reversed direction. The observation of rings and stars as two distinct molecular forms is proposed to reflect the two states of citrate lyase, the ring being the form where substrate is bound by acyl exchange, and the star being the form where the substrate is consumed by cleavage, i.e. the catalyzed reaction is completed. PMID- 7128584 TI - Biosynthesis of a gamma 3-melanotropin-like peptide in the pars intermedia of the amphibian pituitary gland. AB - This study reveals the biosynthesis of a gamma 3-melanotropin-like peptide in the pars intermedia of the pituitary gland of the aquatic toad Xenopus laevis. Pulse chase experiments in vitro showed that this product is synthesized through processing of a prohormone, pro-opiomelanocortin, and that it is released into the incubation medium. The peptide immunoprecipitated with antiserum to gamma 3 melanotropin, appeared to be a glycopeptide and displayed melanotropic activity. This last observation together with the results of tryptic and chymotryptic peptide mapping of the newly synthesized product indicates that Xenopus gamma 3 melanotropin is structurally different from the proposed mammalian gamma melanotropins. PMID- 7128587 TI - Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase during the metabolism of glutamine and proline in hemoglobin-free perfused rat liver. PMID- 7128589 TI - The core histones from the slime mold Physarum polycephalum. Isolation and characterization. AB - The histones of Physarum polycephalum have been isolated and fractionated using a combination of gel exclusion and ion-exchange chromatography or differential precipitation. The four core histones were unambiguously identified by gel electrophoresis, amino acid composition and N-terminal analysis. The molecular weight of Physarum histones H3, H2B and H4 are very close or identical to the corresponding histones from chicken erythrocytes. Physarum H2A is significantly larger than chicken erythrocyte H2A and its N-terminal residue is alanine. From the differences in amino acid compositions and in the peptide maps between Physarum and calf H4, one can expected some changes in the amino acid sequence of Physarum H4. PMID- 7128590 TI - Coordinate regulation of synthesis of ribosomal proteins during encystation of Acanthamoeba castellanii. AB - The synthesis of ribosomal proteins has been examined during growth and encystment of Acanthamoeba castellanii. Cells have been radiolabelled with [35S]methionine and ribosomal proteins have been extracted either from ribosomes or from total cell extracts. The results show that there is less synthesis of ribosomal proteins relative to total cell proteins soon after transfer of growing cells into non-nutrient medium, suggesting that the synthesis of all ribosomal proteins is under coordinate control. Furthermore, synthesis of ribosomal RNA and ribosomal proteins seems to be regulated coordinately, since within 1 h there is 70-80% decline in synthesis of both. Translation of total RNA in vitro indicates that the relative decrease in the synthesis of ribosomal proteins during development is not only due to a relative decrease in the content of ribosomal protein mRNA. However, a considerable (about 10-fold) and coordinate decrease in the relative content of ribosomal protein mRNA occurs during encystment. These data suggest a difference in the control of the synthesis of total proteins and ribosomal proteins as well as in the regulation of the content of total mRNA and ribosomal protein mRNA. The comparison of patterns of ribosomal proteins indicates that during development no qualitative changes occur. The content of one protein of the small ribosomal subunit is low in growing cells and increases during encystation. Since the differences in the concentration of this protein are neither due to changing levels of the corresponding mRNA nor to changing rates of synthesis, changing affinities of this protein to ribosomes in vivo are suggested. PMID- 7128591 TI - Distinct alpha-tropomyosin mRNA sequences in chicken skeletal muscle. AB - Recombinant plasmids have been isolated which contain sequences complementary to two distinct alpha-tropomyosin mRNA species present in chicken leg muscle. The proteins coded for by these different mRNAs could be distinguished by their electrophoretic behaviour in the presence of 3.5 M urea. The properties of the minor alpha-tropomyosin of chicken leg muscle were similar to those reported for the alpha-tropomyosin of slow twitch chicken skeletal muscle. Sequence analysis of available plasmids showed that the deduced protein sequences of both types of alpha-tropomyosin were very similar and closely related to the known protein sequence of rabbit alpha-tropomyosin. However considerable variation in nucleotide coding sequence of the two alpha-tropomyosin mRNAs was found. PMID- 7128588 TI - The alkylating agent, dimethyl sulphate, stimulates ADP-ribosylation of histone H1 and other proteins in permeabilised mouse lymphoma (L1210) cells. PMID- 7128592 TI - Inhibition of free and bound trypsin-like enzymes. AB - 1. The inhibition of beta-naphthylamidase activity of free trypsin, trypsin Sepharose and a trypsin-like neutral protease on the surface of tumour cells have been studied in independent systems and with mixtures of free trypsin plus surface-bound trypsin. 2. Kinetic data have demonstrated that high-molecular weight (protein) inhibitors of free trypsin are less effective inhibitors of trypsin-Sepharose and fail to inhibit the cell surface neutral protease. 3. Inhibition of mixtures of free trypsin plus trypsin-Sepharose follows independent kinetic plots for each component. The free trypsin is reacted before any Sepharose-bound trypsin reacts with high-molecular-weight inhibitors. 4. Low molecular-weight inhibitors of trypsin also inhibit bound trypsin equally well. 5. Papain-derived peptides from high-molecular-weight inhibitors of trypsin inhibit free trypsin, trypsin-Sepharose and the cell-surface neutral protease almost equally well. 6. Fluorescence microscopy has shown that a high-molecular weight inhibitor of trypsin does not bind to the tumour cell-surface neutral protease, but it does bind to trypsin-Sepharose. 7. The cell-surface neutral protease has been shown to be capable of activation of latent beta naphthylamidase activity in the presence of excess extracellular inhibitors of free trypsin. 8. The mechanism by which trypsin-Sepharose remains partially active in the presence of excess inhibitor necessary to inhibit an equivalent quantity of free trypsin has been discussed. 9. These studies indicate that a search for inhibitors which are selectively active against the cell-surface neutral protease and have no action on trypsin-like enzymes in free solution must take into account the modifying effects of the cell surface on neutral protease activity. PMID- 7128594 TI - The application of 13C-NMR spectroscopy to study lipid A from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis lipopolysaccharide. AB - The use of 13C-NMR spectroscopy in the establishment of lipid A backbone structure from lipopolysaccharide of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis has been described. The 13C-NMR spectra of degraded lipid A and its N-acetate were obtained. The assignment of signals was made by comparison with the chemical shifts for 13C-NMR spectra of glucosaminitol, N-acetyl-glucosaminitol and their beta-1,4 and beta-1,6 disaccharides. It was shown that lipid A backbone of the lipopolysaccharide in question consists of beta-1,6-linked glucosamine disaccharide. PMID- 7128593 TI - Amino-acid sequence of the vitamin-K-dependent part of protein Z. AB - After tryptic digestion of protein Z a peptide corresponding to residues 1-43 has been isolated and sequenced. Smaller peptides were generated by treatment of the peptide with pepsin and then separated by high-performance liquid chromatography. The purity of the peptides was sufficient for mass spectrometric measurement. Thirteen gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues have been identified and the peptide shows strong homology to the corresponding domains of the classical vitamin-K dependent blood clotting proteins. PMID- 7128595 TI - Fluorescence of intramolecular and intermolecular interactions of aminonaphthyl sulfonate with nucleotides. AB - Fluorescence studies of the intramolecular and intermolecular interactions between aminonaphthylsulfonate and nucleotides of uracil or adenine are described. The fluorescence originates solely from the naphthyl moiety and is intramolecularly quenched by the base, uracil being more effective than adenine. The enzymatic splitting of the molecule into a nucleoside monophosphate and the pyrophosphate product of the aminonaphthylsulfonate removes the intramolecular quenching and, especially in the case of uracil, a drastic increase of the fluorescence intensity results. The intact molecule exists predominantly in the folded form except in cases where electrostatic repulsion exceeds the stacking attraction. This is borne out by the pH dependence and the existence of a pronounced solvent-isotope effect of the fluorescence quantum yield for the uracil derivative at basic pH. At pH values above the pK of the enol proton of the uracil base the fluorescent properties of the intact and phosphodiesterase digested molecules are very similar. The intermolecular interactions between 1 aminonaphthalene-5-sulfonate with AMP and UMP can be explained on the basis of dynamic quenching (collisional quenching) without any significant participation of ground-state complexes (static quenching). The interaction of the pyrophosphate adduct of 1-aminonaphthalene-5-sulfonate with UMP can best be explained by invoking two interacting nucleotide species: the free nucleotide and a sodium-nucleotide complex. PMID- 7128596 TI - An electrophoretic characterization of the glucocorticoid response of the Fu5-5 rat hepatoma cell line. AB - In this study we have further characterized the response of liver-derived cells to glucocorticoid treatment using the rat hepatoma, Fu5-5. Using two-dimensional electrophoresis we have examined changes in the synthetic rates of cytosol proteins following glucocorticoid administration by using [35S]methionine. We have also demonstrated changes in the incorporation of 32P by several cytosol proteins after hormone treatment. One of these changes occurs within 1 h of hormone treatment. We were unable to detect any changes in the nuclear protein content of Fu5-5 cells after glucocorticoid treatment. We then compared the glucocorticoid-regulated changes in cytosol protein synthesis in Fu5-5 cells with those of the H35 rat hepatoma, monolayer cultures of rat hepatocytes and the response of rat liver in vivo. This examination revealed that although nearly all of the eighteen hormonally responsive proteins appeared to be present in all of the cells types, only three were responsive to glucocorticoid in more than one system. Moreover, the response patterns were often reversed in different cell types, the same protein being induced in one cell type and repressed in another. PMID- 7128597 TI - Endogenous role of microsomal epoxide hydrolase. Ontogenesis, induction inhibition, tissue distribution, immunological behaviour and purification of microsomal epoxide hydrolase with 16 alpha, 17 alpha-epoxyandrostene-3-one as substrate. AB - The specific activities of microsomal epoxide hydrolase with 16 alpha, 17 alpha epoxyandrosten-3-one (androstene oxide) as substrate were measured in various metabolically important and in various steroidogenic organs of the male and female rat and compared with the activities of 16 alpha, 17 alpha epoxyestratrienol (estroxide) and benzo[a]pyrene 4,5-oxide. Androstene oxide was an exceptionally good substrate. The specific activities differed widely between organs but the ratio of the activities towards these substrates was constant in all organs investigated. The ratios compared to benzo[a]pyrene 4,5-oxide were 2.5 for estroxide, and 8.6 for androstene oxide. The ontogenetic development of specific epoxide hydrolase activity in the livers of both sexes reached a maximum at about day 40 and descended to the adult enzyme level at about 45 days in males and clearly later in females. While in the livers and ovaries significant increases of the enzyme activity with increasing age took place before day 28, the specific activity remained very low in the testis until day 28 and then rose suddenly. During all these differential developments no significant changes in the ratios of activities towards the three substrates were observed. The specific activity of epoxide hydrolase towards these substrates in subcellular fractions of the rat liver was smooth endoplasmic reticulum greater than microsomes approximately equal to rough endoplasmic reticulum much greater than mitochondria, no activity was detectable in cytosol. The ratio of the activities in the different fractions was similar when measured with androstene oxide, estroxide and styrene oxide as substrates. Microsomal hydrolysis responded to pretreatment of animals with phenobarbital, 3-methylcholanthrene. Arochlor 1254 and trans-stilbene oxide in a manner which was characteristically different for the various agents but similar for the three substrates. Microsomal epoxide hydrolase which was purified to apparent homogeneity was able to hydrolyse the steroid epoxides, but the apparent purification factors were different for the different substrates: 77 for styrene oxide, 45 for estroxide, and 10 for androstene oxide. The three substrates mutually inhibited their hydrolysis by the microsomal fraction. Some differences in the extent of their effect and in the inhibition of the activities by known epoxide hydrolase inhibitors were observed. Similarly, hydrolysis of the steroid epoxides but not of styrene oxide was inhibited by nonionic detergents (Cutscum, Triton X-100 and Emulgen 911). These differences could be due to the presence of different enzymes or a single enzyme, the conformational requirements of which are much more demanding for steroid epoxides than for xenobiotic epoxides. Mono-specific antiserum precipitated epoxide hydrolase activity from solubilized microsomes with dose-response curves which were not distinguishable for androstene oxide, estroxide, benzo[a]pyrene 4,5-oxide and styrene oxide as substrates... PMID- 7128598 TI - Conventional tomography and computed tomography-are both methods necessary for evaluation of facial lesions? AB - 108 patients with verified traumatic, inflammatory and neoplastic lesions in the facial region and the pharyngeal space were evaluated both with conventional tomography and CT. Subsequently an analysis was made as to whether both methods were complementary or at least partially replaceable by each other. In traumatic lesions transverse axial CT combined with frontal tomography yielded optimal information. For the diagnosis of inflammatory and neoplastic lesions CT was superior to tomography with the exception of lateral tomograms which contributed additional information to diseases of the sphenoid sinus, the epipharynx, the pterygopalatine fossa and the orbital roof. The radiation dose to the eye is remarkably lower in CT than in tomography. PMID- 7128600 TI - Computed tomography of the normal and pathological thoracic inlet. AB - The thoracic inlet is insufficiently investigated by conventional radiographic techniques. CT clearly demonstrates this area free of superimposition. Thorough knowledge of cross sectional anatomy is essential for CT interpretation. There is a wide spectrum of pathology involving the thoracic inlet because its visceral, lymphatic, vascular and nervous structures are connected with many parts of the body. An overview is given on the indispensable role of CT in the investigation of the various pathological entities involving the thoracic inlet. PMID- 7128599 TI - Diagnosis of chondromalacia patellae using CT arthrography. AB - Using anatomical specimens for experimental investigations, the physical technical prerequisites for proper demonstration of the femoro-patellar articulation were determined and the following results obtained: hyaline cartilage possesses an attenuation value of 25-35 HU; artificial lesions from 1 mm. deep and 2 mm. wide minimum can be visualized; the use of positive contrast medium is best suited for demonstration of chondral lesions. In clinical practice we found that the various stages of cartilaginous degeneration peculiar to chondromalacia (Frund I to III) are clearly demonstrated by CT arthrography. In CT the predisposing changes in the morphology of the patella and the femoro patellar articulation are more precisely defined than in conventional tangential roentgenograms. In 69 cases the CT arthrographic findings could be verified at operation. However, the extent and severity of the lesions was, at times, underestimated. PMID- 7128601 TI - Computed tomography diagnosis of an atheromatous aneurysm of a right aberrant subclavian artery. AB - A patient presented with an asymptomatic mass which was found to be an artheromatous aneurysm of an aberrant right subclavian artery. Diagnosis was made by computed tomography. It is proposed that CT be carried out before arteriography for the diagnosis of congenital abnormalities of the aortic arches and great vessels. PMID- 7128603 TI - Computed tomography in the diagnosis of splenic infarction. AB - The demonstration of splenic infarction by computed tomographic scanning is described in the following report. CT yields a characteristic pattern which is highly diagnostic. The role of angiography and scintigraphy in splenic infarction is discussed. PMID- 7128602 TI - Diagnosis of alimentary tract perforation by CT. AB - The roentgenologic diagnosis of digestive tract perforation is based primarily on evidence of free air shown on a standard abdominal film. However, this finding may not be present, especially during the first hours following trauma. This retrospective study of 10 patients shows that the anatomical precision of computed tomography can help greatly in detecting small collections of free air, in addition to other abdominal changes. Although CT is commonly requested for a cause of acute abdomen other than suspected perforation, the radiologist must also look carefully for a small collection of free air or other signs that may indicate free air. PMID- 7128604 TI - Erosive gastritis. AB - Erosive gastritis is a well-defined radiologic and endoscopic entity. It is one of the common causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, yet it is seldom diagnosed and often confused with a number of other diseases. This communication re-emphasizes the characteristic endoscopic and radiologic features of erosive gastritis and its differential diagnosis. Two representative cases are reported. PMID- 7128605 TI - Urethral calibre measurements on micturition cystourethrograms in adult males. Part one: normal urethra. AB - The calibres of six different parts of the urethra were measured on micturition cystourethrograms in 92 normal adult males. The results are graphically displayed as frequency distribution histograms. The narrowest segment of the visualized urethra appeared to be the membranous part in 89 per cent of the cases. In the rest of the cases more distal regions were less distended than the membranous urethra. The bladder neck was always wider than the membranous part. Comparison of the diameters of the same segments measured in different planes suggest that during micturition the cross-sectional shape of the urethral tube is round. PMID- 7128606 TI - Ultrasonographic aspects of inflammatory and neoplastic diseases of the gallbladder. AB - The authors present the incidence of the typical ultrasonographic signs of acute cholecystitis (46 cases), chronic cholecystitis (25 cases), cholecystosis (9 cases), empyema (28 cases) and carcinoma of the gallbladder (30 cases). Ultrasonography, together with the clinical picture, enables the identification of the lesion, its extension and evolution in most of the cases. Rarely do differential diagnostic problems exist. The ultrasonographic follow-up examination has been useful in acute inflammatory diseases to evaluate the efficiency of medical therapy and to detect complications which require immediate surgery. The authors emphasize the value of high-resolution real-time technique. PMID- 7128607 TI - Ultrasonic findings of subcutaneous emphysema: a case report. AB - We have recently examined a patient in whom sonographic visualization of the most lateral part of the right lobe of the liver was impossible due to the presence of subcutaneous emphysema of the right flank. To our knowledge, this is the first ultrasonic report of this condition. PMID- 7128608 TI - Ultrasonographic patterns of testicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a report of five cases. AB - We report five cases of non-Hodgkin's testicular lymphoma. All have the same ultrasonographic findings: well-defined areas of low degree of echogenicity within the testis. Ultrasonography could be a good means of routine study for a scrotal mass before orchiectomy and for a follow-up of contralateral testis after orchiectomy. PMID- 7128609 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of brain tumors unrevealed by CT. AB - The important contributions of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in the diagnosis of brain tumours are demonstrated in this report. In 2 patients, one with a completely normal and the other with a slightly abnormal CT, prominent lesions were detected by NMR and histologically confirmed as astrocytomas. PMID- 7128610 TI - Computed tomography role in massive thoracic extramedullary haematopoiesis. AB - A mediastinal mass consisting of haematopoietic tissue and situated in the paravertebral area has been demonstrated in an osteomyelosclerotic patient with diffuse extramedullary haematopoiesis. The internal structure of the mediastinal mass was shown by CT, so a correct diagnosis was made without any invasive procedure. PMID- 7128611 TI - The effect of theophylline on canine bile flow, biliary excretion and concentration of ioglycamide. AB - Theophylline (TH), which has been shown in experimental dogs to increase bile salt-independent bile flow, was studied in its effect on the biliary excretion and concentration of the intravenous contrast medium ioglycamide in cholecystectomized anesthetized dogs equipped with a Thomas cannula through which the common bile duct could be cannulated. One hour after cannulation, i.v. infusion of ioglycamide at the rate of 4 mol/min/Kg was started. Two hours later, 10 mg/kg of TH was injected intravenously and the experiment continued for a further 75 minutes. Bile was collected at 15 min. intervals throughout the whole experiment and simultaneous intravenous blood samples were taken. In this study, TH increased bile flow and decreased biliary ioglycamide concentration. Although TH increased bile flow, it had no effect on the biliary excretion of ioglycamide. It may be postulated that the organic anion ioglycamide, and possibly other organic anions, are secreted into the bile by mechanisms, unaffected by drugs which increase bile-salt-independent bile flow in a similar manner to TH. PMID- 7128613 TI - Evaluation of a new distal delivery guidewire for steel coils. AB - A new distal delivery guidewire (DDG) for steel coils is described. By means of a DDG "mini" coils as well as "new" coils can be delivered intravascularly through catheters with an inside diameter large enough to let pass a 0.97 mm. guidewire. Delivery using a DDG is compared with delivery using a pusher guidewire (conventional method); the former seems to be safer. Additionally, coil placement beyond the location of the catheter tip is only possible when using a DDG. Forty nine venous and four arterial coil placements resulted in only one misplacement which could be corrected angiographically. PMID- 7128612 TI - Liquid crystal thermography of the testicles in the diagnosis of infertility. AB - The use of liquid crystal thermography (LCT) of the testicles in diagnosis of infertility was investigated. Varicocele, the most common cause of male infertility, is easily detectable by LCT. The technique may be used as a control after surgical treatment. In the majority of patients with oligo-azoospermia, LCT corresponded to physical examination of the testicles. In patients with oligo azoospermia and both testicles normal to palpation, LCT is useful method for determining the colder testicle for biopsy purposes. PMID- 7128614 TI - Blue light influences gene expression and motility in starving microplasmodia of Physarum polycephalum. AB - The differentiation of starving Physarum polycephalum microplasmodia into resting structures (spherules) was studied. Early events in this differentiation pathway include decreases in both plasmodial motility and protein synthesis. The starving plasmodia show a blue light avoidance response. Blue light (lambda max 450 nm, irradiance 16 W/m2) acts antagonistically to the starvation stimulus so that spherule formation is inhibited [16]. Light affects each of the above mentioned events of the differentiation pathway: the migration rate of illuminated plasmodia is stimulated, the light avoidance response is irreversibly lost. The rate of incorporation of radioactive leucine into plasmodial protein remains at a higher level in illuminated plasmodia as compared to the decreasing rate during spherule formation in the dark. Protein degradation, uptake of external leucine, and the size of the internal leucine pool are not affected by light. Analysis by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of pulse-labelled plasmodial proteins reveals that blue light inhibits the synthesis of distinct starvation-induced proteins and allows continued synthesis of all major plasmodial proteins. Some of the blue light responses described are mimicked by alpha-amanitin suggesting that light might influence gene expression at the level of transcription. PMID- 7128616 TI - The influence of colchicine on the cytotoxic effect of hydroxyurea in the embryonic spinal cord of the mouse. AB - The development of necroses and the course of the mitotic index in the embryonic spinal cord of 10-day-old mouse embryos (NMRI) were investigated between 1.5 h and 4 h after either an intraperitoneal application of 500 mg/kg hydroxyurea (HU) or 1 mg/kg colchicine or a simultaneous application of both substances. One h and 30 min after colchicine application, the mitotic index of the neuroepithelial cells had decreased (5.22%; control 7.7%). Subsequently, the mitotic index increased, reaching a maximum of 10.35% 2 h and 30 min after colchicine application. Between 1 h and 30 min and 4 h after HU application, the mitotic index decreased from 4.6% to 0.61% (control 7.7%). First necroses of neuroepithelial cells were observed 1 h and 50 min after HU application. 4 h after HU treatment, 34.38% of the neuroepithelial cells were necrotic. After simultaneous application of HU and colchicine, the decrease of the mitotic index was similar to the decrease after HU application alone. No necroses were observed in the embryonic spinal cord during a 4 h period after simultaneous application of HU and colchicine. After colchicine, as well as after simultaneous HU and colchicine application, the shape of the nuclei of the neuroepithelial cells changed from oval to round and the chromatin was condensed. Mechanisms for the inhibition of the cytotoxic but not the cytokinetic effects of HU by colchicine are discussed. PMID- 7128617 TI - Estrogen reversal of vinblastine-induced paracrystals: failure to inhibit the nuclear localization of receptor-estrogen complex. PMID- 7128618 TI - Origin and maturation of centrioles in association with the nuclear envelope in hypertonic-stressed sea urchin eggs. AB - Unfertilized sea urchin eggs were parthenogenetically activated via a prolonged hypertonic treatment. The continuous subjection to the osmotic stress turned on the cell cycle and brought about the very slow development of mature centrioles. Within 1 h of the exposure, large osmiophilic aggregates were detected at the nuclear surface and were interpreted as early centriolar precursor forms. Ultrastructural examination of eggs during the 8 h of treatment revealed that the precursor forms systematically converted into mature centrioles which then produced daughter centrioles. All centriolar precursor bodies were associated with microtubules; cartwheel structures were the earliest morphological feature of centrioles detected within the osmiophilic bodies. Nascent centrioles appeared at the nuclear surface and, during their development into centrioles, continually maintained intimate associations with the nuclear envelope. We suggest that the resultant modification of the intracellular environment via the hypertonic stress promotes the activation of centriolar 'information-bearing-residues' or 'seeds' located at the nuclear envelope. The oocyte centrioles, before disappearing from the maturing egg, may have produced these 'seeds' and left them at the nuclear surface. PMID- 7128615 TI - Cold enhanced secretion of a pinocytosis-regulating factor in Amoeba proteus. AB - Low temperature inhibited preferentially pinocytosis induced by Na+ and Na+-like inducers, a category of inducers which are particularly dependent on the concentration of Ca++ that means susceptible to blockade by EGTA, La+++, or high Ca++. Coldness inhibited Na+-induced pinocytosis more effectively in cells from a calcium deficient medium than in normal cells and the inhibition was abolished by Ca++. In normally fed cells, a period of coldness prevented the subsequent induction of pinocytosis by Na+. This block was of the same type as that observed when the concentration of Ca++ was increased in the medium of normal cells kept at room temperature. In contrast, starved cells responded to coldness by an increased capacity for pinocytosis. These effects lasted for several hours after the cells had been rewarmed and were mediated by a cell-derived soluble factor, PRF, pinocytosis regulating factor. Solubility characteristics indicated that PRF is a lipid. Ca++, low pH, and low temperature stimulated accumulation of the factor in the medium. Preincubation with PRF or addition of PRF to the inducer stimulated pinocytosis in starved or Ca++-deficient cells and reduced the sensitivity to Na+-like inducers in normal cells. The amount of PRF secreted from cold cells was sufficient to cause the Ca++-like blockade of pinocytosis in the cold, the diminished pinocytotic activity after a cold period and the activating effect of coldness on starved cells. PRF appears to be an important physiological regulator of the capacity for pinocytosis in the amoeba. PMID- 7128619 TI - Studies on kinetochore function in mitosis. I. The effects of colchicine and cytochalasin on mitosis in the diatom Hantzschia amphioxys. AB - Cytochalasin does not affect mitosis (including half spindle separation and disassembly) while cleavage is partially or totally inhibited. While colchicine stops central spindle growth, it resists breakdown even after prolonged exposure. Prometaphase chromosome movement soon ceases, and some attached chromosomes slowly detach; these phenomena are correlated with a loss of the numerous microtubules (MTs) that emanate from the poles, with which chromosomes interact. "C-anaphase", often seen, is marked in vivo by spindle elongation and unequal polar distribution of those chromosomes still attached to the central spindle; this stage is characterized ultrastructurally by the accumulation of dense matrix material, probably the "collar" previously described, at the poles. Kinetochores often remain tightly associated with this matrix. We believe this result is significant, since it clearly demonstrates that the kinetochores are attached to a spindle component other than microtubules. We suspect that this matrix is contractile and part of the mitotic machinery for moving chromosomes. These colchicine effects are not reversible. PMID- 7128620 TI - Diastolic myocardial wall stiffness of the left ventricle in chronic pressure overload. PMID- 7128621 TI - Influence of nifedipine on left ventricular dysfunction at rest and during exercise. PMID- 7128622 TI - Hemodynamic effects of intravenous prenalterol in patients on long-term digoxin therapy for congestive heart failure. PMID- 7128623 TI - Multivessel coronary spasm as a cause of ischemic syncope in angina at rest. PMID- 7128624 TI - Significance of treadmill stress testing in transmural myocardial infarction. Correlation with coronary angiography. PMID- 7128625 TI - Fibrinolytic treatment of thrombosis of prosthetic heart valves. PMID- 7128626 TI - Evaluation of changes in epicardial blood flow in experimental animals by cardiothermography. PMID- 7128627 TI - Torsade de pointes due to prenylamine controlled by lignocaine. PMID- 7128629 TI - The imaging of myocardial perfusion with 81mKr during coronary arteriography. AB - The use of 81mKr was investigated for imaging myocardial perfusion during coronary arteriography using conventional catheters. When the significance of stenosis judged by arteriography is unclear, the effect on tissue perfusion can be established and the contribution to collateral flow by each artery separately evaluated. The distribution of 81mKr, due to its 13-s half-life, represents regional blood flow. In order to evaluate interventions, studies can be repeated at a low radiation risk to patients. A sterile pyrogen-free 81Rb-81Kr generator was developed. With slow infusion, inadequate mixing and streaming takes place due to laminar flow in coronary arteries. Fast intermittent 3-ml 81Kr-dextrose bolus injections convincingly eliminated streaming artefacts. Imaging was performed in 13 patients with a mobile scintillation camera and digital imaging system. Blood flow was calculated using the inert gas washout technique. There was good correlation (r = 0.91) between coronary blood flow determinations using 81mKr and 133Xe respectively. The perfusion images correlated well with the coronary angiograms. Total coronary arterial occlusions as demonstrated by arteriography were all shown as perfusion defects during rest. During atrial pacing myocardial flow was increased two-fold in normal coronary arteries and to a lesser extent in arteries with significant disease. The most critical lesion in a branch of a left coronary artery leads to a redistribution of perfusion during pacing. PMID- 7128630 TI - Measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction with ionic 113mIn and a cardiac probe. AB - Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was measured with a cardiac probe (Nuclear Stethoscope, Bios Inc., Valhalla, New York) and 113mIn in 28 normal subjects and 86 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). In 20 normal subjects 99mTC-RBCs were compared with 113mIn which binds to transferrin after IV injection. With 99mTc-RBCs, average LVEF was 57 +/- 7% (1 SD); with 113mIn, average LVEF was 55 +/- 8% (N.S.). Sequential measurements at different times over 60 min revealed good reproducibility. Comparison of LVEFs obtained using 99mTc-RBCs with a gamma camera and cardiac probe revealed a good correlation. The correlation coefficients were 0.92 in 25 patients with CAD and 0.95 in 10 patients with LV wall motion abnormalities. The LVEF obtained using a cardiac probe and 113mIn increased in 28 normals from 57 +/- 9% to 64 +/- 13% (P less than 0.001) during handgrip exercise, while the LVEF decreased from 45 +/- 9% to 41 +/- 10% (P less than 0.01) in patients with acute myocardial infarction 4-7 weeks after episode, from 48 +/- 11 to 40 +/- 12% (P less than 0.001) in patients with old myocardial infarction, and from 52 +/- 9 to 42 +/- 9% (P less than 0.001) in patients with angina pectoris. The cardiac probe and 113mIn provide a useful alternate means of determining left ventricular dysfunction in facilities where 99mTc and a gamma camera computer system are not readily available. PMID- 7128628 TI - Labeling of human lymphocytes with 99mTc by means of stannous pyrophosphate. Scintigraphic applications. AB - An original 99mTc-labeling method applied to human lymphocytes is described. This technique is based on the use of stannous pyrophosphate to reduce sodium pertechnetate. The proposed procedure has two main advantages: firstly, the labeling process takes place in a neutral and buffered medium which prevents any cellular aggregation; secondly, the labeling yield obtained is compatible with scintigraphic studies in man. The influence of each parameter on the labeling quality had been studied as well as the binding stability of the technetium fixed on cells. A systematic study of lymphocyte surface markers, before and after labeling, has led to the suggestion that the labeling process seems to affect cellular membranes, probably because of the technetium binding. Finally, scintigraphic results are presented, the study being performed on eight healthy volunteers. These results are compared with those published by other authors who used either a different radioisotope or a different labeling method. PMID- 7128631 TI - ROC analysis in gammagraphic diagnosis of hepatic cirrhosis. AB - An application of the ROC statistical method is described on a sample of 161 patients who underwent hepatic gammagraphy and biopsies obtained by laparoscopy, and of whom 90 were found to have hepatic cirrhosis according to pathological anatomy. Five decision thresholds have been established in the elaboration of the gammagraphic diagnosis of cirrhosis. The true positive fraction (TPF) and false positive fraction (FPF) of these five thresholds are shown on an ordinate axis and an ROC curve is obtained. By means of a simplified cost-benefit analysis the optimal point of operation for this type of diagnosis is determined on this curve, according to which the diagnosis of cirrhosis should be considered positive when alterations in the size of the liver and distribution of the isotope in the liver are found simultaneously with splenomegaly. PMID- 7128632 TI - Pulmonary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy: its modification by therapy. PMID- 7128633 TI - Calculation of effective renal plasma flow. PMID- 7128634 TI - Exchange transfusion in acute episodes of maple syrup urine disease. Studies on branched-chain amino and keto acids. AB - Two neonates with maple syrup urine disease were treated by exchange transfusion. Within 15 h blood leucine and KICA concentrations were lowered from 2.6 mM to 1.1 mM using 570 to 620 ml blood per kg body weight. The other branched-chain amino acid/keto acid pairs fell to normal. During exchange transfusion the patient's nitrogen balance seems to be negative. Further exchange transfusion was useless. More importantly the patient should be forced into an anabolic state by high caloric supply or insulin plus glucose treatment. More KICA than leucine was eliminated, however, KICA blood levels remained slightly higher than that of leucine indicating different leucine/KICA equilibria in extravascular compartments than in blood. In a given time interval exchange transfusion was more effective than peritoneal dialysis, probably due to a lack of an additional (peritoneal) membrane. Renal excretion of branched-chain amino and keto acids was very inefficient. The allegedly most toxic metabolite, KICA, had the lowest renal clearance of the branched-chain keto acids. PMID- 7128635 TI - Intraesophageal pressure monitoring and the severity of respiratory distress syndrome. AB - The intraesophageal pressure difference (delta Pes) was measured in 46 preterm infants, 36 with respiratory distress (RDS). It was 12.7 +/- 2.9 mm Hg (mean +/- SEM) in severe RDS, 9.6 +/- 3.2 mm Hg in moderate RDS, and 5.2 +/- 1.6 mm Hg in infants with mild disease, measured at the age of 8 h. These intergroup differences were highly significant (P less than 0.001). During the first 96 h of life the delta Pes decreased to 6.1 +/- 1.1 mm Hg in severe RDS and to 4.8 +/- 1.2 mm Hg in moderate RDS. These changes were also highly significant (P less than 0.001) when compared with respective initial values. In infants with mild disease and in healthy preterm infants, the delta Pes did not alter significantly during the first 96 h of life. The correlations between gastric aspirate L/S ratio and the delta Pes at the age of 8 h (r = -0.65, P less than 0.001) and at the age of 24 h (r = -0.73, P less than 0.001) were highly significant. It is concluded that intraesophageal pressure monitoring is a valuable tool in the intensive care evaluation of the severity of RDS. PMID- 7128638 TI - A case of persistent pulmonary functional abnormalities in systemic-onset juvenile chronic polyarthritis. PMID- 7128637 TI - Hemodynamic effects of sodium nitroprusside in patients with ventricular septal defect. AB - During routine cardiac catheterization of ten patients with ventricular septal defect, the hemodynamic parameters were measured in the resting state and during sodium nitroprusside infusion at an average rate of 8 micrograms/kg/min. Two distinct hemodynamic groups could be identified. Group I characterised by elevated left ventricular filling pressure showed a consistently favourable response to sodium nitroprusside infusion with a decrease in the left ventricular filling pressure, the pulmonary arterial pressures and the left to right shunt. The favourable effect was most pronounced in patients who had pulmonary arterial hypertension in addition to elevated left ventricular filling pressures. Group II patients characterised by normal left ventricular filling pressures showed a variable response to sodium nitroprusside administration. The left ventricular end-diastolic pressure fell or was unaltered. The pulmonary arterial pressures and pulmonary vascular resistance fell in those with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Patients without pulmonary arterial hypertension showed an increase in the magnitude of left to right shunt. On the basis of our data, we feel that vasodilator drugs have a specific role in the management of congestive heart failure secondary to large left to right shunts. The present study strongly indicates the need for further investigations utilizing orally effective vasodilators in patients with congestive heart failure due to left to right shunts. PMID- 7128636 TI - A new genetic disorder: autosomal-dominant multiple benign ring-shaped skin creases. PMID- 7128639 TI - The oto-onycho-peroneal syndrome. A probably new genetic entity. PMID- 7128642 TI - Early diagnosis of septicemia in the newborn. Clinical studies and sepsis score. PMID- 7128641 TI - D-lactic acidosis in two patients with short bowel syndrome: bacteriological analyses of the fecal flora. AB - Two cases of D-lactic acidosis associated with short bowel syndrome are described. The administration of kanamycin to the patients showed a decrease in D lactate in blood and urine in parallel with disappearance of metabolic acidosis. Bacteriological analyses of the fecal flora showed an increase in Lactobacillus buchneri in the first patient and Lactobacillus fermenti IVa in the second; both bacteria were sensitive to kanamycin. Quantification of in vitro production of D lactate by each species of bacteria isolated from the feces revealed that Lactobacillus produced more D-lactate than other species of bacteria. These observations indicate that Lactobacillus may play an important role in the induction of D-lactic acidosis in patients with short bowel syndrome. PMID- 7128640 TI - Persistent pulmonary hypertension after lithium intoxication in the newborn. AB - A case of lithium intoxication in the newborn is presented. Besides displaying extreme hypotonia and a goitre, the infant developed symptoms of congenital heart disease immediately after birth. Cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography revealed an elevated pulmonary vascular resistance and indicated that the cardiopulmonary symptoms were caused by persistent fetal circulation. Previously, four authors have independently reported cardiopulmonary symptoms in association with lithium intoxication without finding cardiac or pulmonary disease. The similarity between the present and the four earlier reported cases in regard to the symptoms and the course of illness, raises the question of the connection between lithium intoxication and persistent fetal circulation being more than coincidental. In view of recent investigations it is speculated that lithium intoxication in utero may result in the pulmonary vascular changes responsible for the persistence of fetal circulation. PMID- 7128643 TI - Mental retardation, hypotonia, obesity, ocular, facial, dental, and limb abnormalities (Cohen syndrome). Report of three patients. AB - Three patients with features of the Cohen Syndrome are reported. Main facial features are prominent nasal bridge, short philtrum, prominent upper central incisors, and retrogenia. There is microcephaly and short stature. Truncal obesity appears in mid childhood. Mental retardation seems to be severe. There is marked variability among the as yet reported cases. The best diagnostic criteria seem to be the typical face and mental retardation. As yet 3 affected sibs, offspring of healthy, non consanguineous parents are reported, as well as 8 sporadic cases. The condition seems inherited as auto-somal recessive. The variability of this condition is discussed. PMID- 7128644 TI - Clinical and immunological response to oral and subcutaneous immunotherapy with grass pollen extracts. A prospective study. AB - Forty children allergic to grass pollen were divided into two groups, and matched by their serum IgE antibody concentrations to grasses. For two preseasonal treatment periods one group received immunotherapy with an alum adsorbed grass pollen extract, while the second group was treated orally with an aqueous extract of the same allergens. The patients' postseasonal self evaluation as well as the mean symptom scores calculated from symptom diaries indicate, that oral treatment is significantly less effective in controlling seasonal allergic symptoms than subcutaneous immunotherapy. During oral treatment neither an increase of specific serum IgG antibodies, nor a suppression of the seasonal increase in specific serum IgE antibodies could be demonstrated. PMID- 7128645 TI - Renal failure due to 2,8-dihydroxyadenine urolithiasis. AB - A four-year-old girl presented in renal failure due to dihydroxyadenine urolithiasis. Prior to this she had been fed a high purine macrobiotic diet, rich in pulses and grain. She was comatose, anuric, requiring peritoneal dialysis, and bilateral radiolucent renal calculi were revealed by ultrasonography and retrograde pyelography. 2,8-dihydroxyadenine stones were found at pyelolithotomy, renal biopsy revealed interstitial birefringent crystals, and a complete lack of adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (APRT) was found subsequently in erythrocyte lysates. APRT levels were initially falsely raised due to a blood transfusion on admission. The mother was shown to have heterozygote levels. The child was treated successfully with allopurinol, and a reduction in dietary purine but with only partial return of renal function. PMID- 7128649 TI - A case of Menkes syndrome with cataracts. PMID- 7128646 TI - Congenital and hereditary myasthenia. PMID- 7128648 TI - Adolescent cystinosis: renal function and morphology. PMID- 7128650 TI - Treatment of hypersplenism An experimental study in the rat. AB - Methylcellulose injected intraperitoneally into rats proved to give a splenomegaly combined with anemia and thrombocytopenia. The white blood cell count did not change during the treatment. The splenic parenchyma of the hypersplenic rats was then reduced by resection or splenic artery ligation to a different extent. The peripheral blood cell count was normalized after a one third resection, whereas a more-than-two-thirds reduction of the splenic parenchyma caused infective complications in many rats. It was thus possible to treat the 'secondary hypersplenism' in the rat by a partial reduction of the splenic parenchyma and to avoid total splenectomy, much undesired with new immunologic knowledge. PMID- 7128652 TI - Bile flow and biliary sulfobromophthalein sodium excretion in rats with liver cirrhosis and portacaval shunt. AB - In order to study the combined effect of end-to-side portacaval shunt and chronic liver damage on biliary organic anion transport, the rat model of thioacetamide induced chronic liver injury was utilized. Compared with sham-operated animals, bile flow and maximal biliary excretion (Tm) of sulfobromophthalein sodium (BSP) was decreased in rats 9 weeks after shunt operation. If rats with shunts were treated for 8 weeks with thioacetamide, an agent causing hepatic fibrosis and pseudolobule formation, BSP transport from the hepatocyte into bile was further diminished. Compared with the shunted controls, the thioacetamide-treated rats with shunts had elevated serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase concentrations, and on electron microscopy their livers had dilated bile canaliculi with a decreased number of microvilli. Non-shunted rats treated with thioacetamide for 8 weeks had similar but less severe changes in the canalicular ultrastructure. Bile flow and BSP Tm were not influenced by thioacetamide treatment alone, perhaps due to the marked liver hypertrophy in these animals. These results indicate that canalicular active transport of organic anions is more sensitive to the effect of thioacetamide in animals with portacaval shunts than in those with sham operations. A similar impairment of hepatic organic anion handling by hepatotoxic compounds might be the consequence of portasystemic shunts in patients with liver cirrhosis. PMID- 7128651 TI - Temporary beneficial effect of arterialization of the liver in cirrhotic dogs with a portacaval shunt. A preliminary report. AB - The effect of arterialization of the portal vein was investigated in cirrhotic dogs with a portacaval shunt. In dogs receiving a portacaval shunt only (PCS), the pressure in the intrahepatic portal vein fell to about 10% of the preshunt value, while the total hepatic blood flow was reduced by 63.9%. By contrast, in dogs with arterialization in addition to a portacaval shunt (PCS + A), the pressure in the portal vein was almost restored to preshunt levels, and the decrease in total hepatic blood flow was only 35.7%; this difference in the reduction of hepatic perfusion is significant (p less than 0.01). 2 weeks after the operation, PCS + A dogs had lower plasma levels of bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase, and a higher antipyrine clearance than PCS dogs (p less than 0.05). This improvement, however, was of short duration. The results of the ammonia tolerance test were not affected by the arterialization procedure. PMID- 7128647 TI - Isolated biotin-resistant 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency in two sibs. AB - Two Vietnamese siblings with an isolated deficiency of 3-methylcrotonyl coenzyme A carboxylase in leucocytes and cultured fibroblasts are described. Both children excreted massive amounts of 3-methylcrotonylglycine and 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid. There was no in vivo or in vitro biochemical response to biotin. Apart from an attack of vomiting leading to subcoma in the elder sib four weeks after arrival in the Netherlands, the children were in good health. There were no signs of delayed mental development. PMID- 7128654 TI - Studies on the cytotoxic effect of enzyme preparations. PMID- 7128653 TI - Gastric mucosal energy metabolism in stress ulcer. AB - In this work we have studied the gastric mucosal energy metabolism in the restraint-rat experimental model. Gastric mucosal concentrations of glucose, AMP, ADP and ATP were determined, as well as free fatty acids and cholesterol, in order to evaluate alterations in the phospholipid composition of the cell membrane. We have observed a progressive decrease of glucose levels and an increase of ATP and Atkinson's index following 24 h of restraint; this finding refers to ATP not being used in HCl synthesis, and to activation of protein kinase in the parietal cells due to an increase of histamine in the gastric mucosa. The increase in free fatty acids and a marked decrease of cholesterol in glandular mucosa suggest an alteration in the membrane phospholipid composition as a result of local phospholipases activated by histamine. PMID- 7128655 TI - Dichoptic backward masking of letters, words, and trigrams in old and young subjects. AB - Age differences in central visual processing were studied in 30 older adults (mean age 67.9 years) and in 30 young adults (mean age 19.8 years) using a dichoptic backward masking paradigm. Single letters, three-letter words, and consonant trigrams were used as target stimuli with a patterned masking stimulus. A significant age difference (p less than .001) was found in the interstimulus intervals necessary to escape the masking effect (ISIc) with older subjects requiring approximately 75 msec longer than the younger ones at each of three target durations. The effect of letters, words, and trigrams on ISIc for both young and old also yielded a significant difference (p = .01) with words most readily identified, letters intermediate, and trigrams requiring the longest processing time. Implications of these data with respect to previous studies and theoretical models are considered. PMID- 7128656 TI - Age differences in information acquisition strategies. AB - Age differences in information acquisition strategies were investigated by means of a visual 20-questions game. An optimal information acquisition strategy was made increasingly apparent across three experimental trials through strategy cues and demonstration. Three primary measures of information acquisition efficiency were defined and used to assess how closely the participants in three age groups (45-50 years, 60-65 years, 75-80 years) approximated ideal solution strategy. All measures indicate significant age group differences in the efficiency with which information was acquired, with the 45-50 year-old group scoring highest and the 75-80 year-old group scoring lowest. All age groups improved significantly across the three trials. The problem solving efficiency of the 60-65 year-old group was similar to that of the 45-50 year-old group, but the 75-80 year-old group scored significantly lower on performance measures than did the two younger groups combined. When a categorical search strategy was adopted, the oldest participants improved significantly; however, the age differences remained. PMID- 7128657 TI - A developmental study of adults' performance on traditional and practical problem solving tasks. AB - Ninety-six individuals between the ages of 20 and 80 were presented with two types of problem-solving tasks. One was a traditional laboratory problem-solving task; the other was composed of a number of practical problems. Three types of practical problems were employed--problems that young adults might encounter in their daily lives, problems that middle-aged adults might encounter, and problems that elderly adults might encounter. On the traditional laboratory task, performance decreased with increasing age. On the practical problems, however, performance increased from the 20- to the 30-year-old group and decreased thereafter with the most drastic decreases occurring in the 60- and 70-year-old groups. When the three types of practical problems were analyzed separately, the performance of the younger adults was better than the performance of older adults on all of the problem-solving tasks, even on the practical problems that were designed specifically to be ones that older adults would be more likely to encounter in their daily lives. PMID- 7128658 TI - Level of aspiration, life satisfaction, and locus of control in older adults. AB - The relationship of the level of aspiration disparity score to life satisfaction and locus of control in two groups of aged individuals, the young-old (ages 60 to 69) and the old-old (ages 70-79) was studied. Female volunteers (N = 100) between the ages of 60 and 79, who were living in the community and were relatively well functioning, were administered The Rotter Level of Aspiration Test, The Life Satisfaction Index A, The Philadelphia Geriatric Morale Scale, The Internal External Scale, and The Health Locus of Control Scale. Partial support was found for the hypothesis that a positive disparity score is associated with increased life satisfaction and a more internal locus of control. PMID- 7128659 TI - Age differences and similarities in the improvement of controlled search. AB - An age-related slowing of performance has been previously reported for tasks that require controlled search, an attention-demanding stimulus comparison procedure. In contrast, older adults have been found to resemble the young in the ability to improve search performance through the development of automatic detection, a comparison procedure that does not depend on attentional control. The present experiments examined the ability of young and older adults to improve controlled search performance under conditions designed to vary the attentional demands of search, but prevent the use of automatic detection. In both a pure memory-search task (Experiment 1) and a hybrid memory-search/visual-search task (Experiment 2), the overall rate of search was slower for the older subjects than for the young. The two age groups were similar, however, in their ability to use a familiar stimulus dimension (e.g., letter/digit) as a means of improving the rate of controlled search. The opportunity for reducing the attentional demands of the search task, rather than the use of automatic detection per se, thus appears to be a critical variable in determining older individuals' level of performance. PMID- 7128660 TI - Age, response complexity, and target consistency in visual search. AB - Adult age differences in visual search were examined under manipulations of target set consistency (fixed versus varied), response complexity (2 versus 4 sorting categories), display size (1, 4, or 8 letters/card), and sessions (2). Mean card sorting times of 20 young (mean = 22 years) and 20 elderly (mean = 62 years) adults were compared. Significant main effects of age, complexity, consistency, sessions, and display size were obtained. A consistent target set facilitated search independent of response complexity. As predicted, significant interactions indicated that age differences in search were eliminated under the fixed set procedure but not under the varied set procedure. PMID- 7128661 TI - Titration of nadolol in the treatment of hypertension. AB - An open, observer-blind, therapeutic titration trial was carried out in 28 patients with mild or moderate essential hypertension to determine the effective dose range of nadolol given once a day. 11 patients became normotensive (supine diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or below) with 80 mg, 4 with 120 mg and 1 with 160 mg. The largest step in the reduction of blood pressure was achieved with the first dose step of 80 mg, and only a small, nonsignificant further decrease was obtained with higher dose levels. Thus, nadolol, unlike propranolol, has a narrow effective dose range, and this should permit a brief dose adjustment period, which would be important in improving patient compliance. PMID- 7128663 TI - Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of tienilic acid in healthy volunteers. AB - A simple and reliable HPLC method for the determination of tienilic acid ((TA) Selacryn, Selcryn, Diflurex, Ticrynafen) and its alcoholic metabolite in plasma and urine has been developed. In 8 healthy adult volunteers the plasma and urinary levels of tienilic acid and its alcoholic metabolite, and plasma and urinary levels of sodium, creatinine and uric acid were measured after oral administration of tienilic acid 250 mg. The pharmacokinetic parameters found differed only slightly from those reported in the literature, as there was faster absorption and a shorter half-life. TA is probably excreted by a saturable renal tubular transport mechanism. The pharmacodynamic effects of tienilic acid developed quickly, the uricosuric effect being very impressive and the natriuretic effect moderate. These effects disappeared in about 8 h. An inverse relationship was found between the starting plasma uric acid level in an individual and the maximal uric acid clearance - the higher the plasma uric acid level, the lower was the maximum effect. Plasma tienilic acid level and natriuretic effect were correlative within individuals and intra-individually (p less than 0.05). Urinary tienilic acid level and natriuretic effect were correlated, too (p less than 0.05 to p less than 0.001), but only intraindividually. No correlation between drug level and uricosuric effect was found. PMID- 7128662 TI - Antihypertensive, saluretic and hypokalaemic effects of cyclothiazide in comparison with hydrochlorthiazide with amiloride supplement. AB - The antihypertensive, saluretic and hypokalaemic effects of a small dose of cyclothiazide (2.5 mg daily) were compared with those of a conventional dose of an hydrochlorthiazide-amiloride hydrochloride combination (50 + 5 mg daily). Both preparations were given to 13 patients with mild (WHO I) hypertension in a cross over manner for six weeks, with an intervening wash-out phase of three weeks. The antihypertensive efficacy of cyclothiazide was well comparable to that of the hydrochlorthiazide-amiloride combination, although cyclothiazide tended to inhibit renal sodium reabsorption less than the combination. Cyclothiazide tended to cause hypokalaemia, apparently due to increased potassium loss, but with the present dosage none of the 13 patients developed marked hypokalaemia (serum potassium less than 3.3 mmol/l). Both drugs led to a comparable increase in serum urate concentration. Neither of the preparations affected creatinine or free water clearance. The results suggest that even in relatively small doses thiazides effectively decrease blood pressure, and combining thiazides with potassium-sparing diuretics is advantageous only in patients with marked hypokalaemia and its associated risks. PMID- 7128664 TI - Topical and systemic glucocorticoid potencies of budesonide and beclomethasone dipropionate in man. AB - Topical anti-inflammatory (cutaneous "vasoconstriction") and systemic glucocorticoid (depression of plasma cortisol and changes in differential WBC count) potencies of the two glucocorticoids budesonide and beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) were compared in human volunteers. After topical application, budesonide was 2-3 times more potent than BDP in inducing "vasoconstriction". After oral administration, on the other hand, budesonide was 2-4 times less potent than BDP in depressing plasma cortisol and changing the total or differential WBC. After inhalation, too, significant differences in favour of budesonide were noted, but the divergence between the drugs was less pronounced. The improved relationship between the topical and systemic glucocorticoid effects of budesonide makes it a promising alternative for aerosol treatment in asthma. PMID- 7128665 TI - Pharmacokinetic properties of noscapine. AB - Noscapine was administered to five healthy volunteers in a randomized crossover design, as an intravenous infusion of 66 mg, and as an oral 150 mg dose of either rapidly dissolving tablets or a tablet containing ion exchange resin-bound noscapine. After i.v. administration, the disposition of noscapine was bi exponential with an elimination half-life of 2.6 h; the total plasma clearance was 22 ml/min/kg and the volume of distribution (Vdarea) was 4.7 l/kg. The absolute oral bioavailability was 30%, with a 3.6-fold interindividual variation. There was no pharmacokinetic evidence to support a prolonged action of the ion exchange resin tablet. PMID- 7128666 TI - Disposition of the antiepileptic oxcarbazepine and its metabolites in healthy volunteers. AB - Oxcarbazepine (oxcarb) 600 and 900 mg (2360 and 3540 mumol) was taken by 3 volunteers (2 female, 1 male; 45-67 kg; age 22-34 years) after an overnight fast. Blood, saliva and urine were collected for the next 72 h for assay of oxcarb, 10,11-dihydro-10-hydroxy-carbamazepine (OHcarb), and 10,11-dihydro-trans-10,11 dihydroxy-carbamazepine (diol). Oxcarb reached a maximum level of about 1 microgram/ml (3.93 mumol/l) within 1 h and dropped below the detection limit (0.1 microgram/ml = 0.39 mumol/l) within 3 h. The active metabolite OHcarb appeared in the blood before oxcarb and reached the higher maximum level of 7.4 microgram/ml (29 mumol/l) after 7 h. Thereafter serum levels decreased with a t1/2 of about 25 h, and after 40 h with a t1/2 of 9 h, the latter agreeing with the renal excretory t1/2 calculated from the urine data (10 h). The ratio of OHcarb concentration in saliva to that in plasma varied considerably (0.3-1.7; median 1; r greater than 0.9), whereas that of blood to plasma was 1.25 with only small variation (r greater than 0.98); OHcarb concentrations in erythrocytes were 50% higher than in plasma. Diol was detected in blood (maximum level 0.5 microgram/ml = 1.84 mumol/l) in 2 volunteers. 45% of the dose could be recovered in urine (Oxcarb 5%, OH-carb 36%, Diol 4%). Whereas Oxcarb was completely conjugated, only 25% of OHcarb was conjugated and diol was unconjugated. PMID- 7128668 TI - Sympathomimetic effects of amezinium on the cardiovascular system and plasma catecholamines in man. AB - The cardiovascular effects of the sympathomimetic agent amezinium were investigated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial in six volunteers. Before and 2 h after oral administration of amezinium 30 mg or placebo the cardiovascular responses to orthostatic stress, induced by 80 degrees passive head-up tilt, were assessed by recording blood pressure, systolic time intervals, and echocardiogram. Plasma catecholamines were also determined. After amezinium treatment, the average supine systolic blood pressure was increased by +30 mm Hg and after tilting it remained above both the pre-treatment and placebo values. Compared to placebo, amezinium elicited only minor changes in heart rate and diastolic blood pressure. The effect of amezinium on the pre-ejection period corrected for heart rate (PEPc) and mean velocity of fiber shortening (VCFmean) indicated positive inotropic properties. Its effects were distinctly more pronounced during tilt than with the subjects supine. Plasma concentrations of noradrenaline and adrenaline were not influenced by amezinium during rest or tilt. From these results and previous research it is concluded that amezinium induces its sympathomimetic effects by preferentially inhibiting the re-uptake of noradrenaline which is released by the drug itself, or by sympathetic activation during tilt. This mechanism of action might explain the pronounced sympathomimetic effects of the drug, especially during orthostatic stress. PMID- 7128669 TI - Drug attributed alterations in potassium handling in congestive cardiac failure. AB - Information from a comprehensive drug surveillance programme has been reviewed to give details of the frequency of drug-related hypo- and hyperkalaemia in a group of 3879 patients admitted to hospital with cardiac failure. Hypokalaemia was commoner in females, was unrelated to blood area concentration on admission and was twice as common amongst recipients of potassium-losing diuretics who did not take potassium supplements than amongst those who received potassium retaining diuretics. By contrast hyperkalaemia was strongly related to blood urea concentration on admission. It was also related to in-hospital diuretic therapy; being thrice as frequent amongst recipients of aldosterone antagonists than amongst those receiving potassium-losing diuretics without additional supplements. Life-threatening hypo- and hyper-kalaemia were rare in this group of patients with heart failure, occurring with approximately equal frequencies of about 2 per 1000 patients treated. PMID- 7128667 TI - Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of oral clonidine in normotensive subjects. AB - The pharmacokinetics of clonidine and its relation to blood pressure response and side effects were studied after single oral doses of 75 micrograms, 150 micrograms and 250 micrograms in normotensive subjects. Following oral administration, the drug was absorbed rapidly after an initial lag time of 19-22 min and peak levels were reached between 2.4 and 2.9 h. Sampling over 48 h was necessary for accurate estimation of pharmacokinetic parameters. Post-peak plasma concentration declined in a monoexponential manner and the half-life of the elimination phase ranged from 9.0 to 15.1 h. Maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under curve (AUC) increased proportionally with increasing doses. Clonidine produced significant reductions in the pulse rate and a dose dependent decrease in blood pressure. Clonidine (150 micrograms) also produced significant reductions in plasma catecholamine levels. PMID- 7128670 TI - Cumulative dose-response study comparing terbutaline pressurized aerosol administered via a pearshaped spacer and terbutaline in a nebulized solution. AB - The bronchodilator effects of cumulative doses of terbutaline 0.125 mg, 0.125 mg and 0.250 mg administered as a pressurized aerosol via a pear shaped spacer were compared with those of terbutaline 1.25 mg, 1.25 mg and 2.50 mg administered as a nebulized solution via a PARI-inhaler Boy. FEV1.0 and flow-volume curves in 13 patients were measured. Initial placebo treatment of both groups resulted in a significant increase in FEV1.0, especially when it was given in nebulized form. The increase after active drug was significant after 15 min, with only minor changes during the rest of the trial. The log-dose/increase in FEV1.0 showed that equipotent doses of pressurized and nebulized terbutaline were in the ratio 1 to 4. Administration by nebulization offered no clear advantage over use of a pressurized aerosol with a pearshaped spacer. PMID- 7128671 TI - Pharmacokinetics of intravenous timolol in patients with acute myocardial infarction and in healthy volunteers. AB - Disappearance pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and general tolerance of i.v. timolol were compared in 12 healthy volunteers and 10 patients with a definite or proven acute myocardial infarction. The drug was administered to the patients immediately on arrival at the hospital after a median delay time of 4 h. Tolerance to the injections was good in both volunteers and patients. The study revealed disappearance pharmacokinetics that were similar in volunteers and patients. PMID- 7128673 TI - Absorption and bioavailability of rectally administered morphine in women. AB - 21 healthy women undergoing gynaecological operations received rectal premedication with morphine 0.3 mg/kg body weight. Plasma concentrations of morphine were followed for 4 h by a GC/MS technique. In most patients the peak plasma concentration was reached after 30 min; the mean peak plasma level of morphine was 18 ng/ml (range 8.5-57 ng/ml). The bioavailability of rectal morphine was determined in 6 patients, who received an i.m. injection of morphine at a second operation. The mean bioavailability of rectal morphine was 31% (range 12%-61%). None of the patients showed any clinical sign of respiratory depression, and there was no increase in end-tidal carbon dioxide tension measured in 5 patients operated under spinal block. PMID- 7128674 TI - Influenced of food on the kinetics of 8-methoxypsoralen in serum and suction blister fluid in psoriatic patients. AB - The influence of food on the kinetics of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) in serum and suction blister fluid was evaluated in a cross-over study in 19 psoriatic patients under PUVA treatment. The peak serum concentration of 8-MOP was reached 1.5 h after ingestion on an empty stomach, and in suction blister fluid the maximum concentration was already present in the first sample taken after 2 h, the time when UVA radiation was given. The postprandial kinetics of 8-MOP in serum and suction blister fluid differed, the highest levels being reached, respectively, at 2.4 and 3 h after intake, i.e. in both body fluids after irradiation had started. The side effects of 8-MOP, such as nausea and dizziness, in the two groups were similar. The present results indicate that to optimize the therapeutic effect of PUVA in individual patients, 8-MOP should be given on an empty stomach. PMID- 7128675 TI - Kinetics of phenobarbital in normal subjects and epileptic patients. AB - The kinetics of phenobarbital (PB) were evaluated in six normal subjects and six epileptic patients treated with phenytoin or carbamazepine. Each normal subject received three single doses of PB: PB-sodium 130 mg i.v. (IV), PB sodium 10 mg i.m. (IM), and PB acid 100 mg orally (PO), in random order at least one month apart. After IV PB distributive half-lives were 75 to 126 h, steady state volume of distribution (Vss) was 0.54 +/- 0.03 l/kg, and clearance (CL) was 3.8 +/- 0.77 ml/h/kg. Absolute bioavailability of IM PB was 101 +/- 11%. Peak serum PB concentrations were achieved from 2 to 8 h after IM administration, and from 0.5 to 4 h after PO administration. Epileptic patients exhibited similar PB kinetics: disposition half-lives were 77 to 128 h, Vss 0.61 +/- 0.05 l/kg, and Cl 3.9 +/- 0.76 ml/h/kg. Phenobarbital appears to represent an exception among antiepileptic drugs, in that pharmacokinetic data obtained in normal car reasonably be extrapolated to the epileptic population. PMID- 7128672 TI - Clinical pharmacokinetics of verapamil in patients with atrial fibrillation. AB - The pharmacokinetic parameters and oral bioavailability of the antiarrhythmic drug verapamil were determined in six patients with atrial fibrillation. Plasma samples were taken following i.v. injection of verapamil 10 mg (Isoptin 2 ml), and oral verapamil 80 mg (Isoptin 2 tablets of 40 mg). Verapamil and its N demethylated metabolite, norverapamil, were analyzed to 1 ng/ml plasma by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using deuterated standards. Following intravenous injection, the disposition of verapamil followed a biexponential pattern with a fast distribution phase and a slower elimination of phase (t 1/2 beta = 5.79 h), corresponding to a plasma clearance of 0.26 l/kg/h. After oral administration, only an elimination phase was evident, with the same elimination rate (t 1/2 beta = 5.53 h). The oral bioavailability was 10.5% +/- 7.5%. The norverapamil formed after i.v. and oral administration of verapamil had plasma half-lives of 5.86 h and 6.77 h, respectively. The elimination of verapamil in patients with atria fibrillation was decreased compared to that in healthy young volunteers and the oral bioavailability was lower. Very good correlation between the percentage reduction in heart rate and the log plasma concentration of verapamil was found in every patient during the elimination phase, irrespective of the route of administration. There was also a high correlation when the plasma concentration -- effect data from the patients were pooled (r = 0.59, n = 71; p less than 0.0005). PMID- 7128676 TI - Plasma levels and cardiac electrophysiological effects of melperone in the dog. AB - The butyrophenone neuroleptic melperone has recently been shown to possess antiarrhythmic properties in man and animals. We studied the correlation between plasma concentration of melperone and the electrophysiological and blood pressure effects of the drug in 20 pentobarbital-anaesthetized dogs. Linear correlations were found between the log melperone plasma concentration and decreases in mean aortic blood pressure and heart rate, and increases in atrial and AV nodal refractoriness. The correlations were better after pretreatment with the beta 1 blocker atenolol. There was a linear correlation between log melperone plasma concentration and increases in ventricular refractoriness only after atenolol. No correlation was found between log melperone plasma concentration and decreases in AV nodal conduction time. Apart from the effect on AV nodal conduction time, the relationship between plasma concentration of melperone and the electrophysiological and blood pressure effects after beta 1-blockade fits well into an overall log concentration-effect relationship. The poorer correlation without beta 1-blockade was probably due to a combination of direct and indirect effects of the drug. PMID- 7128677 TI - Anticonflict effect of the benzodiazepines mediated by a GABAergic mechanism in the amygdala. PMID- 7128680 TI - Interactions of [3H]LSD with serotonin receptors in human brain. AB - The binding of [3H]LSD to serotonergic sites in human brain was studied. The pharmacological profile of [3H]LSD binding in frontal cortex differed to that in hippocampus. Analysis of the inhibition of [3H]LSD binding by serotonin and spiperone was consistent with the presence of two binding sites, which differed in pharmacological specificity. The results are discussed in relation to previously published findings in experimental animals. PMID- 7128678 TI - Mode of action of ATP on propulsive activity in rabbit colon. AB - ATP induced a concentration-dependent reduction of the velocity of propulsion in isolated segments of rabbit colon as assessed by the aboral displacement of an intraluminal rubber balloon, and delayed the onset of the propulsive wave. ATP depressed both the reflex contraction of the circular coat above the distended balloon and the response of the circular muscle to transmural (cholinergic) stimulation. On the contrary, ATP (up to 200 muM), while causing relaxation of the circular muscle, had no effect on either the muscular contractile response induced by carbachol and histamine or the non-adrenergic inhibitory responses elicited by electrical stimulation and by radial distension of the gut wall. Within the concentration range used (10-200 muM), ATP concentration-depression curves for propulsion and transmural excitatory stimulation were shifted to the right in the presence of theophylline (10 muM). Theophylline, however, had no influence on either the direct inhibitory action of ATP on circular smooth muscle or the non-adrenergic relaxation in response to electrical stimulation. These data are consistent with the concept that at least two populations of purinergic receptors are present in intestinal tissue. Those populations located presynaptically, unlike those located postsynaptically, are blocked by theophylline. Since the contractile machinery does not appear to be affected by ATP concentrations up to 200 muM, the mechanism by which ATP impairs propulsive activity is probably dependent on activation of presynaptic purinergic receptors located on the nervous pathways subserving the wave of contraction, without having any appreciable influence on descending inhibition. PMID- 7128679 TI - Effects of taurine on tolerance to [D-Ala2, Met5]enkephalinamide in rats. AB - Effects of taurine on tolerance to [D-Ala2, Met5]enkephalinamide (DAME) were investigated in rats. Tolerance was produced by five intraventricular administrations of DAME (50 microgram) during 3 consecutive days. The magnitude of developed tolerance to DAME was not uniform for each behavioral parameter; tolerance to analgesia effects developed more intensively and rapidly from the repeated injections of the peptide than that to akinesia effects. Pretreatment with taurine (9.5 X 10(-2) M) which was injected in a volume of 10 microliter intraventricularly 10 min prior to every administration of DAME suppressed the development of tolerance to both analgesia and akinesia effects of this peptide, whereas pretreatment with L-leucine at the same concentration did not. Spontaneous locomotor activity was measured for 1 h after the 90-min behavioral observation period was completed. That activity increased with the number of the peptide injections. Taurine pretreatment inhibited the induction of 'hyper' locomotor activity. These results support the view that taurine may possess an ability to inhibit development of tolerance to morphine-like peptides in rats. PMID- 7128681 TI - Duct ligation decreases [3H]clonidine binding in rat submaxillary glands. PMID- 7128682 TI - Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs if combined with anti-histamine and anti serotonin agents interfere with the bronchial and platelet effects of "platelet activating factor" (PAF-acether). AB - The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) indomethacin, aspirin and salicylic acid, as well as the anti-histamine, mepyramine, and the anti serotonin, methysergide, fail to interfere with bronchoconstriction, thrombo cytopenia and hypotension induced by platelet-activating factor (PAF-acether, 1-O octadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-3-glycerylphosphorylcholine) in the guinea-pig. When one of the NSAID was given combined with mepyramine and with methysergide, bronchoconstriction was suppressed, but thrombocytopenia and hypotension persisted. Platelets prepared from blood collected from animals treated with the NSAID or with mepyramine and/or methysergide, aggregated to a similar extent to PAF-acether; however, the accompanying release of ATP was inhibited in those animals which had been treated with the drug combination effective in vivo against bronchoconstriction. In vitro application to platelets of the drugs effective in vivo and ex vivo was ineffective in blocking the platelet-release reaction. This suggests the existence of in vivo sites of action for the synergistic inhibitory activity of NSAID and anti-histamine/anti-serotonin drugs on bronchoconstriction and on platelet secretion. PAF-acether possible releases from the platelets a bronchoconstrictor component, distinguishable from thromboxane A2 and depleted by reserpine administration to the animals, which could account for the in vivo effects on the bronchopulmonary system. PMID- 7128683 TI - Studies on segmental differences in sensitivity to adrenergic agonists in pulmonary arteries isolated from the guinea-pig. AB - This study was designed to examine the existence and possible mechanisms of segmental differences in sensitivity to adrenergic substances in the pulmonary vasculature of the guinea pig. The main pulmonary artery was found to be less sensitive to epinephrine, norepinephrine and phenylephrine than its left and right main branches. Because there were no differences in sensitivities between the left and right branches, most comparisons were made between the main and left branches. The difference in sensitivity was larger for adrenergic agonists which are known to be taken up by adrenergic neurons (epinephrine, norepinephrine, phenylephrine) than for an agonist which is not taken up by these neurons (methoxamine). The left artery from reserpine-treated animals was only slightly more sensitive (1.5-fold) to barium chloride than the main pulmonary artery. Cocaine potentiated to a greater extent in the main than in the left pulmonary artery the amines which are taken up by adrenergic neurons. The left arterial branch was less responsive to transmural electrical stimulation than the main artery in the absence and presence of cocaine. [3H]Norepinephrine uptake was larger in main arterial segments than in the branches and histochemical fluorescence studies demonstrated a greater degree of adrenergic innervation in the proximal segments. The results indicate that a major explanation for the differences in sensitivity between the vascular segments is a smaller degree of adrenergic neuronal uptake of agonist in the arterial branches. PMID- 7128684 TI - Postnatal change in receptivity for methionine5-enkephalin in rat duodenum: transition from neurogenic to myogenic receptivity. AB - The study concerned the postnatal ontogenesis of the response to methionine5 enkephalin (ENK) in the duodenum of developing rats. Sustained relaxation was produced by ENK in the isolated duodenum of 8 day old rats. The response was blocked by tetrodotoxin or naloxone. The response increased by day 18, decreased thereafter and was extinguished after 40 days. On the other hand, a tetrodotoxin resistant response to ENK, transient relaxation, appeared at day 20 and was augmented thereafter. The development of neurogenic receptivity for ENK preceded the appearance of myogenic receptivity in the rat duodenum. PMID- 7128685 TI - Arterial muscle membrane abnormalities of hydralazine-treated spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Alkaline phosphatase activity and Ca2+ accumulation were examined in the plasma membrane enriched fractions isolated from mesenteric arteries of spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Kyoto-Wistar normotensive (WKY) rats after a long-term antihypertensive treatment with hydralazine. The membrane biochemical abnormalities of arterial smooth muscle such as enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity and reduced ATP-dependent Ca2+ transport previously observed in untreated SHR were persistently observed in hydralazine treated SHR with normalized systolic blood pressure. Our results suggest that the antihypertensive effects of hydralazine do not involve the reversal or modification of the altered Ca2+ handling by vascular muscle membrane in hypertension. PMID- 7128687 TI - A purinergic component in the anticonvulsant action of carbamazepine? AB - The tricyclic anticonvulsant carbamazepine inhibited the binding of [3H]phenylisopropyladenosine (PIA) to rat brain membranes with a K1 value of 44 microM, which is in the range of therapeutic levels of this drug in brain and serum. Other anticonvulsants and tricyclic antidepressants had little effect on PIA binding. Carbamazepine weakly inhibited adenosine uptake into rat brain slices at 400 microM. An effect on adenosine receptors may be an important component of the anticonvulsant action of carbamazepine. PMID- 7128688 TI - Behavioural data on dermorphins in mice. AB - Dermorphin, an opioid peptide occurring in amphibian skin, exerted a depressive effect on locomotor activity of C57B1/6 mice and an analgesic effect when injected intravenously. Intracerebroventricular injections of dermorphin enhanced locomotor activity and resulted in analgesia. A stimulating effect of intracerebroventricular administration on locomotor activity was also induced by shorter homologues of dermorphin and [D-Ala2, Leu5]enkephalinamide, while beta endorphin produced a depression. It is suggested that dermorphin acts on central receptor populations activated by morphine and enkephalins. PMID- 7128689 TI - The effects of salbutamol, theophylline and FPL55712 on leukotriene contraction of guinea pig trachea. AB - Contraction of guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle was induced by leukotriene C4 or leukotriene D4. The inhibition of the smooth muscle contraction by salbutamol and theophylline was compared with the inhibition by FPL 55712. Salbutamol (5 X 10( 8) - 5 X 10(-7) M) significantly inhibited the leukotriene-induced contraction. The degree of inhibition was greater than that observed with FPL55712 (10(-6) - 10(-4) M). Theophylline (10(-6) - 10(-4) M) did not affect the leukotriene induced contraction, but enhanced the effect of salbutamol when these agents were combined. PMID- 7128686 TI - Binding of [3H]nimodipine to cardiac and smooth muscle membranes. AB - Specific binding of [3H]nimodipine to membranes from rat ventricle and guinea pig ileal longitudinal smooth muscle was studied. Dissociation constants were 0.24 and 0.12 nM, and the maximal number of binding sites were 0.4 and 0.75 pmol/mg protein for cardiac and smooth muscle, respectively. The values obtained for both types of muscle were similar to those obtained for [3H]nitrendipine binding, as were the potencies of a series of dihydropyridines for competing with [3H]nimodipine. These results support the hypothesis that the binding site characterized is that mediating the pharmacological effects of these compounds. PMID- 7128690 TI - Discriminative stimulus effects of monohydroxylated phencyclidine metabolites in Rhesus monkeys. AB - Rhesus monkeys were trained to discriminate saline from an injection of ketamine. In tests of stimulus generalization, phencyclidine (PCP) produced dose-related ketamine-appropriate responding in each monkey. Two monohydroxylated PCP metabolites also produced ketamine-like discriminative effects, although only at considerably higher doses than did PCP. A third monohydroxylated PCP metabolite produced only sham-appropriate responding. The results suggest that these PCP metabolites contribute little to the behavioral actions of PCP in the monkey. PMID- 7128691 TI - Enhanced [3H]spiroperidol binding in striatum of spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). PMID- 7128696 TI - Specific [3H] beta-phenylethylamine binding sites in rat brain. PMID- 7128693 TI - [3H]Mianserin binding to solubilized membranes of frontal cortex. AB - [3H]Mianserin binding sites were characterized in membranes of dog frontal cortex and solubilized with digitonin. The solubilized [3H]mianserin binding sites retained the binding characteristics of the membrane preparation. The dissociation constant (KD) for the soluble material was 2.2 nM which compared closely to that of the membrane-bound site (1.1 nM). Drug binding profiles indicated that the solubilized sites were both serotonergic and histaminergic in nature. Drugs active both H1- and S2-receptors potently displaced [3H]mianserin with Hill slopes close to 1. More selective serotonergic drugs such as LSD and spiperone competed for [3H]mianserin binding with shallow displacement curves. Of the neurotransmitters tested, serotonin was the most potent for both preparations. Because all the components of [3H]mianserin binding co-solubilize, the soluble material can be used to isolate individual sites. PMID- 7128692 TI - Quantitative autoradiography of [3H]desmethylimipramine binding sites in rat brain. PMID- 7128694 TI - Angiotensin stimulates oxytocin release: imparied response in rats with genetic hypothalamic diabetes insipidus. AB - Intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) administered angiotensin II (ANG II) at a dose of 100 ng caused a large increase in plasma oxytocin levels in Long Evans (LE) rats and in rats heterozygous for hypothalamic diabetes insipidus (HZ). In rats homozygous for diabetes insipidus (DI) even 100 fold higher doses of ANG II i.c.v. exerted only marginal effects on oxytocin release. The impaired responsiveness in DI rats was fully restored by prolonged treatment with a vasopressin (AVP) analogue. These data show that the decreased sensitivity of ANG II receptors in DI rats is due to the AVP defect and its metabolic consequences and can be reversed by AVP substitution. PMID- 7128695 TI - Presynaptic muscarinic receptors increase striatal dopamine release evoked by "quashi-physiological" depolarization. AB - The effects of acetylcholine on the release of [3H]dopamine was studied in superfused rat striatal synaptosomes prelabeled with the radioactive amine. The results confirm the presence of muscarinic presynaptic receptors mediating potentiation of the spontaneous release of the catecholamine. However, under depolarizing conditions, the release of dopamine evoked by 15 mM KC1 was increased by the activation of muscarinic receptors and not decreased, as previously found in striatal synaptosomes or slices depolarized with higher (50 60 mM) KC1 concentrations. PMID- 7128697 TI - Ontogenetic study of [3H]imipramine binding sites and serotonin uptake system: indication of possible interdependence. PMID- 7128699 TI - Is TL-99 a selective presynaptic dopamine receptor agonist? AB - The claim that the 2-aminotetralin analogue TL-99 is a selective presynaptic dopamine (DA) receptor agonist has been investigated both in vivo and in vitro in the rat. The pharmacological specificity of the hypomotility caused by TL-99 has been examined using various selective antagonists. In addition its effects on DA metabolism and noradrenaline (NA) and DA turnover (alpha-MT method) as well as its distribution in the brain have been studied. These in vivo studies provide evidence that although TL-99 is able to activate presynaptic DA receptors it is also a potent agonist of NA receptors as shown by the fact that the hypomotility could be partly reversed by the selective alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonists yohimbine and piperoxan. Further supporting evidence for these findings was provided by in vitro studies on the inhibition of K+-induced [3H]dopamine, [14C]acetylcholine and [3H]noradrenaline release from striatal and cortical slices where it was shown that TL-99 is not only active at both pre- and postsynaptic DA receptors but also at alpha 2-NA receptors. For the latter receptor it had a potency comparable to that of the potent alpha 2-agonist clonidine and this may explain, to some extent, the hypomotility caused by TL-99. Thus, ascribing this hypomotility solely to an interaction with presynaptic DA receptors may be an oversimplification. It is therefore concluded that TL-99 should not be considered as a selective presynaptic DA receptor agonist. PMID- 7128698 TI - Certain calcium antagonists are potent displacers of [3H]phencyclidine (PCP) binding in rat brain. PMID- 7128700 TI - Xylazine-induced delay of small intestinal transit in mice. AB - Subcutaneous injection of xylazine (0.1-3.0 mg/kg) produced a dose-dependent delay of small intestinal transit without affecting gastric emptying in the conscious mice. The xylazine-induced delay of small intestinal transit was antagonized by alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonists, e.g., yohimbine, piperoxan and tolazoline. The antagonism of xylazine activity by yohimbine was dose-dependent, and the maximal antagonistic effect was seen at 1 mg/kg. Other adrenoceptor antagonists with only alpha 1-blocking activity, e.g., thymoxamine, prazosin and phenoxybenzamine at the doses studied did not reduce the depressant effect of xylazine on small intestinal transit. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, propranolol was not effective in reducing xylazine activity. The opioid antagonist, naloxone did not reduce the effective of xylazine, nor did yohimbine antagonize the morphine-induced delay of small intestinal transit. The xylazine-induced delay of small intestinal transit was not altered by atropine, hexamethonium, haloperidol, methysergide, chlorpheniramine or cimetidine. Pretreatment of mice with reserpine and alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine or 6-hydroxydopamine failed to reduce the intestinal effect of xylazine. These results suggest that xylazine-induced delay of small intestinal transit is mediated by postjunctional alpha 2-adrenoceptors and appears not to involve activation of opioid, cholinergic, dopaminergic, histaminergic, or serotonergic receptors. PMID- 7128703 TI - Electron microscopy of human fetal erythroid cells before and after cryopreservation. AB - Fetal erythropoiesis was studied in human livers at 10 to 12 weeks of gestation. The most primitive blood cells were often observed in large indentations of the surface of hepatocytes and the plasma membranes of the two cell types were adherent at sites of attachment. Erythroid cell maturation occurred predominantly in the lumen of the sinusoids. Cell suspensions obtained from fetal livers were centrifuged, frozen at -196 degrees C, thawed and studied by electron microscopy. The primitive cells were morphologically altered by these procedures. Changes included damage to mitochondria and cell membranes and vacuole formation. Erythroblasts, by comparison, were virtually intact and even displayed some indications of reestablished functions within 10 minutes after thawing. PMID- 7128702 TI - In vitro anti-sickling effect on cepharanthine. AB - Cepharanthine, a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid, was found to have an in vitro anti-sickling activity. The activity is of the same magnitude as that of chlorpromazine, an anti-psychotic drug, but cepharanthine has not neuroleptic action. The most attractive feature of cepharanthine as a possible anti-sickling drug may be that the drug has been clinically used in Japan for other diseases and is known to have very few side effects both when given in large doses and over a long term. The drug can be administered either orally or intravenously. Cepharanthine has been reported to have several clinical effects, such as enhancement of the immune response, improvement of peripheral circulation, vasodilation and inhibition of platelet aggregation, all of which may also be beneficial to sickle-cell patients. PMID- 7128701 TI - Altered characteristics of striatal [3H]ADTN binding following substantia nigra lesions. AB - The present experiments examined some characteristics of the enhanced striatal [3H]ADTN binding which occurs following substantia nigra lesion. The amount of binding of a fixed concentration of [3H]ADTN was greatly increased. The amount of guanine nucleotide sensitivity increased to an even greater extent than total [3H]ADTN binding. Saturation experiments showed one component of [3H]ADTN binding (KD 7 nM) in intact striata whereas there were two components of binding (KD 9 nM and KD 1 nM) in substantia nigra-lesioned striata. Most of the enhanced binding in substantia nigra-lesioned striata was the higher affinity component. Kainic acid lesion of substantia nigra-lesioned striata caused loss of the enhanced [3H]ADTN binding and the high affinity component of [3H]ADTN binding. These results indicate that following dopaminergic denervation, either the binding characteristics of a single type of dopamine receptor are altered or there is a specific increase in a distinct subtype of dopamine receptor with high agonist affinity and sensitivity to guanine nucleotides. PMID- 7128704 TI - Asymmetry and ventral course of the human geniculostriate pathway as determined by hippocampal visual evoked potentials and subsequent visual field defects after temporal lobectomy. AB - Twenty-two patients with psychomotor epilepsy were implanted with depth electrodes along the axis of the mesial temporal lobe to identify an operable unilateral epileptic focus. Neuronal and field potentials were recorded in response to diffuse retinal illumination and clear short-latency responses were found in parahippocampal gyrus. These visual afferents in the mesial temporal lobe are assumed to be both from subcortical and cortical visual areas. There was a clear asymmetry in the ventral trajectory of the geniculostriate pathway as evidenced by asymmetric neuronal and field potential responses to brief flashes in right vs. left hippocampal gyrus and confirmed by a corresponding partial visual field deficit following therapeutic anterior temporal lobectomy. These results demonstrate that there is a retinotopic organization of fibers in the human geniculostriate pathway and that this pathway may have considerable variability in the anterior and ventral course these fibers take through the temporal lobe. These findings adequately account for the presence of direct projections from geniculate to hippocampal cortex and for unexpected hemianopsias with standard resections of the temporal lobe when there is a deviant detour of the geniculostriate pathway. PMID- 7128705 TI - Visual neurones responsive to faces in the monkey temporal cortex. AB - Of 497 single neurones recorded in the cortex in the fundus of the superior temporal sulcus (STS) of three alert rhesus monkeys, a population of at least 48 cells which were selectively responsive to faces had the following response properties: (1) The cells' responses to faces (real or projected, human or rhesus monkey) were two to ten times as large as those to gratings, simple geometrical stimuli or complex 3-D objects. (2) Neuronal responses to faces were excitatory, sustained and were time-locked to the stimulus presentation with a latency of between 80 and 160 ms. (3) The cells were unresponsive to auditory or tactile stimuli and to the sight of arousing or aversive stimuli. (4) The magnitude of the responses of 28 cells tested was relatively constant despite transformations, such as rotation, so that the face was inverted or horizontal, and alterations of colour, size or distance. (5) Rotation to profile substantially reduced the responses of 21 cells (31 tested). (6) Masking out or presenting parts of the face (i.e. eyes, mouth or hair) in isolation revealed that different cells responded to different features or subsets of features. (7) For several cells, responses to the normal organisation of cut-out or line-drawn facial features were significantly larger than to jumbled controls. These findings indicate that explanations in terms of arousal, emotional or motor reactions, simple visual feature sensitivity or receptive fields are insufficient to account for the selective responses to faces and face features observed in this population of STS neurones. It appears that these neurones are part of a system specialised to code for faces or features present in faces, and it is suggested that damage to this system is related to prosopagnosia, or difficulty in face recognition, in man and to the tameness and social disturbances which follow temporal lobe damage and are part of the Kluver-Bucy syndrome in the monkey. PMID- 7128706 TI - Dynamic properties of vestibular reflexes in the decerebrate cat. AB - Vestibulocollic (VCR) and vestibulo-ocular (VOR) reflexes were studied during angular rotation in the horizontal plane in precollicular decerebrate cats. Angular position was modulated by sinusoids or sums of sinusoids with frequencies ranging from 0.05 to 5 Hz. Reflex motor output was measured by recording electromyographic (EMG) activity of the lateral rectus and dorsal neck muscles and discharge of abducens motoneurons. Measured with respect to input angular acceleration VCR motor output displayed a second order lag at low frequencies, bringing mean EMG phase (-136 degrees) and gain slope (-35 dB/decade) close to those of an angular position signal at 0.2 Hz. At higher frequencies the lag was counteracted by a second order lead bringing mean phase (-52 degrees) and gain slope (-5.6 dB/decade) back close to those of an angular acceleration signal at 3 Hz. By contrast, mean phase (-113 degrees to -105 degrees) and gain slope (-21 to -28 dB/decade) of the VOR motor output remained close to those of an angular velocity signal across the entire frequency range. The data suggest that neural pathways producing the VCR receive selective input from "irregular type" horizontal semicircular canal afferents which provide one lag and one lead in the overall transfer function while the other lag and lead are produced by central pathways. Transection of the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF), which eliminates all of the most direct (three neuron) arcs of the horizontal VCR, did not cause any detectable change in the horizontal VCR at either low or high frequencies. Reductions in overall gain occurred in some cases but these could be attributed to damage to axons outside the MLF. Less direct pathways, probably including vestibuloreticulospinal pathways, are thus able to produce both the low frequency, phase-lagging and high-frequency, phase-leading components of the horizontal VCR. PMID- 7128707 TI - Sigma-movement and optokinetic nystagmus elicited by stroboscopically illuminated stereopatterns. AB - Sigma-movement is an apparent movement seen when a stationary periodic visual pattern of the period PS is illuminated stroboscopically at the flash frequency fS and smooth gaze pursuit eye movements are performed across the pattern at an angular velocity Ve = PS X fS deg X S-1. Sigma-movement leads to an optokinetic nystagmus (Sigma OKN) which in turn sustains Sigma-movement perception. (1) Sigma movement was also seen in an apparent three-dimensional periodic stripe pattern generated by two periodic monocular stimulus patterns with a certain degree of horizontal binocular disparity. (2) Sigma-movement perception and Sigma-OKN were also elicited by a stroboscopically illuminated, stationary, random dot stereostripe pattern. The periodicity PS of this pattern is generated on the cyclopean retina (Julesz 1971). The equation described above was also valid. When the time delay delta t between left eye and right eye flashes was varied, the apparent depth of the random dot stereostripe pattern decreased with increasing delta t, but the Sigma-effects were not affected. (3) Sigma-movement illusion and Sigma-pursuit movements can also be induced when real three-dimensional objects composed of periodic components are stroboscopically illuminated and adequate gaze or eye pursuit movements are induced. Sigma-movement is related to gaze movement and is therefore elicitable by eye, head or body movements. (4) Sigma movement is presumably caused by the interaction of efference copy signals (generated in a cortical gaze pursuit system) and afferent visual signals. The present data indicate that neuronal mechanisms for this interaction are located- at least in part--at or beyond the level of binocular fusion and stereopsis. PMID- 7128708 TI - Characterization of the human auditory cortex by the neuromagnetic method. AB - Neuromagnetic studies show that the location of cortical activity evoked by modulated tones and by click stimuli in the steady state paradigm can be determined non-invasively with a precision of a few millimeters. The progression of locations for tones of increasing frequency establish an orderly tonotopic map in which the distance along the cortex varies as the logarithm of the frequency. The active region responding to clicks lies at a position that is consistent with this map if the stimulus is characterized by the frequency of the peak of its power spectrum. A latency of about 50 ms observed for the response to clicks is in close correspondence with a strong component of the transient response to an isolated click reported in the literature. Monaural stimulation of the ear contralateral to the hemisphere being monitored produces a latency which is about 8 ms shorter than stimulation of the ipsilateral ear, in agreement with previous studies of transient responses. The amplitudes of the responses for binaurally presented clicks for sleeping subjects is substantially diminished for repetition rates above 20 Hz but is enhanced for lower rates. PMID- 7128709 TI - Saccadic responses evoked by presentation of visual and auditory targets. AB - Saccadic eye movements evoked by the presentation of visual and auditory targets were examined and compared. Differences were found either in the pattern of the saccadic response and in the characteristics of single saccades of the same amplitude. The longer latency and the higher percentage of multiple saccade responses in the auditory case were attributed to a more complex central processing, whereas the longer duration and the lower peak velocity of the saccades to auditory targets were attributed to reduced performances of the execution mechanism in the absence of vision. PMID- 7128711 TI - Alterations of retinal inputs following striate cortex removal in adult monkey. AB - The morphology of the retina and central retino-recipient nuclei was studied in two monkeys that had undergone total bilateral striate cortex removal as adults. These animals had been behaviorally tested for two years after lesioning and had demonstrated significant recovery of pattern vision. Light and electron microscopy and autoradiography were done on the central retino-recipient nuclei following a monocular intravitreal injection of 3H-proline. Light microscopic analysis of retinal ganglion cell number showed a 30% loss in the parafoveal retina due to retrograde trans-synaptic degeneration. The most striking central change in retinal axon distribution was in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) where the parvocellular but not the magnocellular region showed a marked reduction in retinal input. Despite the loss of almost all dLGN neurons through retrograde degeneration, at the EM level both parvocellular and magnocellular regions contained islands of neuropil made up of retinal and several other types of synaptic terminals as well as small dendrites and pale unidentified processes. Approximately equal numbers of retinal terminals were identified by EM autoradiography in both regions of dLGN, which did not explain the apparent differences in labeling between the two regions seen in the light microscope. A second change in central retinal pathways was found in the olivary pretectal nucleus where a significant loss of retinal input also occurred. A third change, but in the opposite direction, was found in the pregeniculate nucleus (PGN) where the area of retinal terminals appeared enlarged. The remaining central retino recipient nuclei had the same distribution of retinal input as the control animals. PMID- 7128710 TI - Functional ontogeny in the central auditory pathway of the Mongolian gerbil. A 2 deoxyglucose study. AB - The 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) autoradiographic technique was used to map functional activity in the central auditory system of the mongolian gerbil, throughout the period of functional onset. Uptake of 2-DG during exposure to 105 dB SPL wide band noise (WBN) was compared to silence in adults and in neonates at 12, 14, 16 and 18 days after birth (DAB). At 12 DAB, WBN exposure increased 2-DG uptake relative to silence only in the ventral cochlear nucleus. At 14 DAB, 2-DG uptake increased during WBN in the entire cochlear nuclear complex, superior olivary complex, and ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus. These stimulus-evoked increases in 2-DG uptake were at adult levels. However, little or no stimulus evoked increase was seen in higher auditory nuclei at 14 DAB. By 16 DAB, 2-DG uptake also increased during WBN exposure in the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, inferior colliculus and medial geniculate nucleus. By 18 DAB, WBN exposure produced increases in 2-DG uptake of medullary and pontine auditory nuclei which exceeded those seen in adults. At higher levels of the pathway, increases were comparable to those seen in adults. WBN-induced increases in 2-DG uptake observed in the cochlear nuclear and superior olivary complexes of neonates were comparable in all regions at all ages, even at 12 DAB. However, the 2-DG uptake increases observed at 16 and 18 DAB were appreciably greater in those regions of the inferior colliculus and medial geniculate nucleus which respond to high frequencies. PMID- 7128712 TI - On the sensitivity of complex cells in feline striate cortex to relative motion. AB - Responses of superficial-layer, texture-sensitive complex cells in cat striate cortex to relative motion between an oriented bar stimulus and its textured background were recorded. Some cells responded best to motion in one particular direction across the receptive field of the cell, irrespective of whether the bar and background moved simultaneously in the same (in-phase) or opposite (antiphase) directions. Others showed a clear preference for either in-phase or antiphase relative motion, irrespective of direction of motion across the receptive field. PMID- 7128714 TI - Nematospiroides dubius: effect of infect on lymphocyte responses to Trichinella spiralis in mice. PMID- 7128715 TI - Ascaris suum: differential effects of avermectin B1a on the intact animal and neuromuscular strip preparations. PMID- 7128713 TI - Application of the 2-deoxy-(1-14C) glucose method to the study of suprachiasmatic nucleus activity and functions: phasic luteinizing hormone secretion and serotonin innervation. AB - A semi-quantitative analysis of 2-deoxy-(1-14C) glucose (2 DG) incorporation in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) was performed in male, castrated female, and castrated oestradiol treated female rats (OVX-E2) during the light period (from 9.00 h to 18.00 h). Unilateral orbital enucleation was carried out on each group. In males and castrated females the 2 DG incorporation in the rostral and caudal SCN was constant throughout the studied period. On the contrary, in OVX-E2 rats, which display a clear cut circadian rhythm of LH secretion, the 2 DG incorporation in the rostral SCN was higher in the afternoon than in the morning. After serotonin (5 HT) depletion, the level of morning labelling reached that of the afternoon. These results suggest the existence of a steroid-linked rhythm of SCN metabolic activity during the light period which might be related to the LH surge and dependent on 5 HT innervation. PMID- 7128717 TI - Elaphostrongylus rangiferi: influence of temperature, substrate, and larval age on the infection rate in the intermediate snail host, Arianta arbustorum. PMID- 7128718 TI - Exeristes roborator: quantitative determination of in vitro larval growth rates in synthetic media with different glucose concentrations. PMID- 7128716 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: inhibition of glucosephosphate isomerase and glycolysis by sugar phosphates. PMID- 7128719 TI - Leishmania tropica: surface antigens of intracellular and flagellate forms. PMID- 7128720 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: adult worm chemoattraction, with and without barriers. PMID- 7128721 TI - Influence of triiodothyronine, amphetamine, and dinitrophenol (DNP) on the induced metabolic rate in uremic and acidotic rats. PMID- 7128722 TI - Studies on quantitative morphology. VI. Morphometry of colloid and epithelium in the thyroid gland. AB - The colloid and epithelium percentages in the thyroid gland are characterized by a noticeable variability and a zonal heterogeneity; in the border region an enriching of the colloid component is observed and in the central part a higher epithelium concentration. Studies with different net point distances and measuring areas led to the following conclusions: provided that a sufficient number of points are attached, a distance of 250 micrometers may be used for common tests; the prolongation of the measuring time for lower distances than 100 micrometers is often not accompanied by an essentially better accuracy. Measuring areas should not be too small, even between fields of 20 mm2 differences of the few per cents may be observed in the same slide. The polynomial regression curve for the comparison of epithelium and colloid data seems to be influenced by the interstitium values: up to about 30% colloid an increase of the epithelium values is seen, since a further growing of the colloid percentages is connected with a decline of the epithelium percentages. PMID- 7128723 TI - Fertility and reproduction after male rat exposure to halothane. PMID- 7128724 TI - The chemical industry between regulation and self-responsibility. PMID- 7128725 TI - How safe are pesticides? PMID- 7128726 TI - Hypolipidemic action of onion and garlic unsaturated oils in sucrose fed rats over a two-month period. PMID- 7128727 TI - Effect of vitamin A deficiency on the levels of glutathione and glutathione-S transferase activity in rat lung and liver. PMID- 7128728 TI - Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) in the dy2J genotypes of C57BL/6J mice: possible involvement of regulatory defect in muscular dystrophy. PMID- 7128729 TI - Mendelian recessive ratios in acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. PMID- 7128730 TI - Altered adrenergic responses of the coronary arterial bed in alloxan-diabetic dogs. PMID- 7128731 TI - Influence of hypoxia on contractility and calcium uptake in rabbit aorta. PMID- 7128732 TI - Ageing of the erythrocyte. XVI. Free amino acid content. PMID- 7128733 TI - Effects of DL-propranolol on exercise heart rate and maximal rates of oxygen consumption in Scaphiopus intermontanus. PMID- 7128734 TI - Parasympathetically evoked parotid salivary secretion of chronically amitriptyline-treated rats. PMID- 7128735 TI - Force development in smooth muscle strips of the hypertrophied urinary bladder of the rat after autonomic decentralization. PMID- 7128736 TI - Butanol extracts from myelin fragments: morphological and biochemical aspects of the re-formed membranes prepared from myelin butanol extracts. PMID- 7128737 TI - Reinforcement with naloxone of N-n-propylnorapomorphine (NPA) capability for stimulating male rat copulatory behavior. PMID- 7128738 TI - Mineralocorticoid treatment and the adrenalectomy-induced increase in monoamine oxidase activity. PMID- 7128742 TI - A histometric analysis of male accessory sex glands after administration of prolactin. PMID- 7128740 TI - Protection from body weight loss by 2-mercaptopropionylglycine (MPG) in growing mice irradiated in utero with gamma radiation. PMID- 7128741 TI - Histamine binding to H2 receptors stimulates phospholipid methylation in mast cells. PMID- 7128739 TI - Clara cell surface of the rat: scanning and transmission electron microscopic study. PMID- 7128743 TI - A simple method for sealing surgical skin wounds in young or new-born mice. PMID- 7128744 TI - Brain prostaglandin content in rats sacrificed by decapitation vs focused microwave irradiation. PMID- 7128745 TI - Purine nucleotide cycle as a possible anaplerotic process in rat skeletal muscle. PMID- 7128747 TI - Changes in the G6PDH/6PGDH ratio in the chick brain during development. PMID- 7128748 TI - Thiamine triphosphate metabolism and its turnover in the rat liver. PMID- 7128749 TI - Relationship between the molecular weights of pesticides and their bioconcentration factors by fish. PMID- 7128750 TI - Regulation of feeding and ovipositional success of Amblyomma americanum ticks. PMID- 7128746 TI - Effects of plant sterols on cholesterol concentration in the rat small intestine. PMID- 7128753 TI - The effect of aging on rat liver regeneration. AB - The effect of age on hepatocyte mensuration and mitotic activity 48 h after partial hepatectomy was investigated in rats. Both age and partial hepatectomy had significant effects upon hepatocyte counts per microscopic field. The number of hepatocytes per microscopic field declined with age in the control groups of different advancing ages and in the experimental groups of advancing ages. There was essentially no mitotic activity in the livers of the control groups. However, mitotic counts were greatly increased in livers from those animals that were partially Hepatectomized; the increase in mitotic activity in the 13-month-old animals was double over that observed in both the very young and the very old. PMID- 7128754 TI - Amino acid concentrations in blood of patients with an acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7128755 TI - O.p'-DDT causes growth of an androgen-dependent gland in Coturnix quail. PMID- 7128752 TI - Relationship of specific granules to the natriuretic and diuretic activity of rat atria. PMID- 7128751 TI - Inhibition of potassium (86Rb) influx in Ehrlich ascites cells by bilirubin and ouabain. PMID- 7128756 TI - Pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Symphytum officinale L. and their percutaneous absorption in rats. AB - An analysis of a commercial sample of Symphyti radix originating from Poland with a total alkaloid content of 0.07% revealed the presence of 7 pyrrolizidine alkaloid-N-oxides: 7-acetyl intermedine, 7-acetyl lycopsamine as the main constituents and lycopsamine, intermedine, symphytine and traces of 2 further not yet identified alkaloids. The percutaneous absorption of these alkaloids was investigated in rats, using a crude alcoholic extract of the plant corresponding to a dose of 194 mg alkaloid-N-oxides/kg b.wt. The excretion of N-oxides in the urine during 2 days was in the range of 0.1-0.4% of the dose. The dermally absorbed N-oxides are not or only to a small extent converted to the free alkaloids in the organism. The oral application led to a 20-50 times higher excretion of N-oxides and free alkaloids in the urine. PMID- 7128757 TI - The pharmacokinetics of VIP in dog and pig. PMID- 7128759 TI - An H-2-associated difference in murine serum cholesterol levels. PMID- 7128758 TI - Synthesis and RES-stimulating activity of bacterial cell-wall peptidoglycan peptides related to FK-156. PMID- 7128760 TI - Age-related adrenocortical response to short-term starvation in young rats. PMID- 7128762 TI - "Prelymphatic': a question of terminology? PMID- 7128761 TI - The connective tissue space in view of the lymphology. PMID- 7128763 TI - The comparative physiology of extraocular photoreception. PMID- 7128764 TI - Circular questioning. AB - The plan of this paper is to explore the question: Does a model that includes the principles of double description, circularity, and coevolutionary change, all accounting for shifts in family coalitions over time and the emergence of problems in connection with these shifts, allow the family therapist to design better methods for the understanding and practice of family therapy? Concepts of double description, coevolution, and circularity from Gregory Bateson's writing and the research of other scientists describe the translation of these ideas from pure epistemology to the pragmatics of family therapy. Circular questioning developed by the Milan Associates is presented as a practice method exemplifying how these notions of circularity and coevolutionary change--especially changes in family patterns--are used during actual family sessions. PMID- 7128765 TI - One- to three-session therapy with children and families. AB - Individuals or families occasionally "leave therapy" after only one or several sessions, claiming to have gotten what they needed. Although such experiences are often considered treatment failures, there is growing evidence that such brief contacts can in fact produce changes as thorough and meaningful as those seen in long-term treatment. The few studies exploring such brief encounters suggest the long-range effectiveness of one-session treatment across diagnostic categories. Examples of one- to three-session treatment in the individual and family therapy literature are cited. Three of the author's cases are described, illustrating one style of intervention. Is such treatment merely palliative, or can it deal with "underlying" causal issues? How can significant change occur within the structure of one to three hours? These issues are discussed within the framework of psychoanalytic and family systems theories of symptom formation and symptom maintenance. PMID- 7128766 TI - A case of the blind leading the "blind": reframing a physical handicap as competence. PMID- 7128767 TI - Families' schemata of social relationships. AB - Variation in views of the social environment held jointly by members of family units was examined from a theoretical perspective that specifies distinct kinds of variation among families in their beliefs about the fundamental nature of the social world. Associations compatible with theory were found between direct measures of family interaction and families' schemata of social relationships as assessed by using a felt figure technique. Additional evidence indicated that variation among families in the schemata displayed resulted from similar contributions by all individuals in a family studied. Findings support the existence of family social schemata--a family group's set of views about the organization of relationships in the social world--and indicate several dimensions by which these schemata vary from family to family. PMID- 7128768 TI - Transactional theories but individual assessment: a frequent discrepancy in family research. PMID- 7128769 TI - An empirical typology of dyadic formation. AB - The background of and justification for empirical typologies are outlined. Various family typologies are discussed. Data from a random sample of 291 couples are subjected to a cluster analysis on the dyadic interaction, dyadic preference, dyadic stability, and identification as a pair by others of the couple. Seven types of dyadic formation were found: Uncommitted; Structurally Isolated, Wife Supported; Self-Selected Committed; Structurally Committed; Vital; Unformed; and Wife-Removed. The types are shown to differ on value consensus and couple happiness, as well as on some background factors. The contribution of the work to theories of dyadic formation and family typologies is discussed. PMID- 7128771 TI - Family therapy training: an evaluation of a workshop. PMID- 7128770 TI - Live supervision as context, treatment, and training. PMID- 7128772 TI - [Generic drug: standards, organizational and economic aspects of the use of galenicals within the National Health Service]. PMID- 7128773 TI - HPLC assay of pyrazinoic acid in human plasma in the presence of pyrazinamide and other antituberculosis drugs using an automatic sampler. PMID- 7128776 TI - [Determination of amino acids present in guinea pig brain using ion pair liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection]. PMID- 7128775 TI - Correlations between diffusion rate constant, partition coefficient and biological activity of substituted benzoic acids. PMID- 7128774 TI - [Determination of S-carboxymethylcysteine in plasma by HPLC and fluorimetric detection]. PMID- 7128777 TI - [Microbiological aspects in the formulation and production of a cosmetic]. PMID- 7128778 TI - [Method of assessing the effect of preparations on the ulcerogenic action of reserpine in mice]. AB - A method for intraperitoneal (2.5 mg/kg) or enteral (10 mg/kg) administration of reserpine to mice with subsequent keeping for 2 hours at a temperature of 7 degrees C and for 16 hours at a temperature maintained at the animal house has been suggested to induce lesions of the glandular part of the stomach. The lesions have been subjected to histological study. The influence of cooling, fasting and the animals' sex on the formation of lesions has been examined. It has been established by the method suggested that iproniazid almost completely prevents ulcerogenous action of reserpine, while atropine and ephedrine have pronounced protective properties. Of the flavonoids, quercetin has been found to manifest marked protective activity. It was more effective than hyperoxide or quercetin 3'-glucoside. Rutin has not averted lesions in the stomach. The method deserves attention since it enables one to evaluate antialterative activity of the minimal doses of the drugs with the different mechanism of action. PMID- 7128779 TI - [Effect of enkephalins and morphine on the neurons of the midbrain reticular formation]. AB - It has been established in experiments on conscious cats that variation in spontaneous activity of the midbrain reticular formation neurones in response to microiontophoretic application of morphine largely coincides with the pattern of changes in impulsation in response to administration of leu-enkephalin rather than to met-enkephalin. Concurrent application of the subthreshold dose of enkephalins and morphine has revealed a possibility of the effects summation, the highest pharmacological activity being exhibited by leu-enkephalin combined with morphine. Selective blocking by enkephalins and morphine has been observed of evoked neuronal responses to peripheral exposures (ECS, stimulation of the sciatic nerve). Meanwhile the responses of cortical origin have been found to remain unchanged. PMID- 7128780 TI - [Protective effect of the psychotropic preparations diazepam, sodium oxybutyrate and mebikar in experimental arrhythmias]. AB - It was shown that the psychotropic agents diazepam (1-2 mg/kg), sodium hydroxybutyrate (50-100 mg/kg) and mebicar (250-500 mg/kg) exert a protective action in experimental arrhythmias. This effect is determined by the ability of the drugs to reduce intoxication phenomena, as well as by their antihypoxic and stress-protective properties. On the other hand, the drugs exert an antiarrhythmic effect proper, interfering with potassium ion balance. The protective effects of diazepam, sodium hydroxybutyrate and mebicar enable their application in combined therapy of arrhythmias of varying genesis. PMID- 7128781 TI - [Effect of guanclofin on catecholamine release by the adrenal medulla]. AB - The influence of guanoclofine, an adrenergic neurone-blocking agent, on catecholamine release from isolated perfused bovine adrenal glands was studied. Guanclofine inhibited the amine liberation induced by carbachol, aminophylline, prenylamine, and snake venoms. Guanoxane and guanethidine at equimolar concentrations were less effective. The inhibitory effect of guanclofine is assumed to be due to a nonspecific effect on the cell membrane. PMID- 7128783 TI - [Effect of prolonged beta-adrenergic blockade on myocardial energy metabolism in coronary occlusion]. AB - It has been shown that a single intravenous injection of obsidan (0.1 mg/kg) to dogs during acute coronary occlusion results in a decrease in the activities of "a" phosphorylase, Mg-dependent ATPase, creatine phosphokinase, succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome-c-oxidase, in a slight lowering of the ATP content accompanied by the increased content of AMP and unchanged concentration of creatine phosphate. Repeated injections of the drug in the same dose raise the activities of the enzymes up to the control level and produce activation of glycogenolysis and succinate dehydrogenase during the reparative period. The drug favours the preservation of "b" phosphorylase activity in the infarcted tissue and does not change the content of adenine nucleotides and creatine phosphate upon prolonged application. PMID- 7128784 TI - [Effect of cholestyramine on lipoprotein metabolism in rat blood]. AB - The effect of cholestyramine on lipoprotein metabolism in the rat blood has been explored. Administration of cholestyramine changed both the concentration and the ratio of lipid components in all the classes of lipoproteins. Despite the fact that the activity of postheparin lipoprotein lipase was unchanged upon cholestyramine action, almost double rise in the activity of LChAT and an increase in the specific radioactivity of LDL attests to the intensification of VLDL metabolism. Therefore, the increased biosynthesis of VLDL by the liver is the main reason for the development of hypertriglyceridemia upon the action of cholestyramine. PMID- 7128782 TI - [Effect of sombrevin and sodium oxybutyrate on the excitable membranes of a frog neuromuscular preparation]. AB - Comparative evaluation of the effect of sombrevine and sodium hydroxybutyrate on the frog neuromuscular preparation with the use of intra- and exocellular recording of the drug-induced electrophysiological effects has shown that sombrevine inhibits the function of the excitable cell membranes whatever their functional specificity at the expense of interaction with lipid matrix of the membranes. The action of sodium hydroxybutyrate is determined by diminution of anion conduction of the excitable membranes and by an increase in their electrical resistance, which determines the hyperpolarizing action and stimulation of neuromuscular transmission in the frog skeletal muscle. PMID- 7128785 TI - [Use of the conditioned avoidance reflex for detecting potential stimulants of higher nervous activity and their comparative characteristics]. AB - Comparative research has been made of the influence of psychostimulants (amphetamine, sydnocarb, centedrin), neurotropic agents (neutrophil, mefexamide, tonibral, acephen), analeptics (ethimizole), alpha-adrenoblockers (pyrroxane), glutamine and its analogues on the forming in rats of the avoidance conditioned reflex in a Y-shaped labyrinth and its reproduction (repeated learning) after 24 hours. The time of learning, the number of mistakes and runnings until the criterion of learning is attained, emotional status, motor activity, elements of individual and group behavior of the animals have been studied to reveal the drugs having the most pronounced effect on the characteristics examined. PMID- 7128786 TI - [Protein metabolic status of acute myocardial infarct patients before and after fentanyl and droperidol arrest of the pain syndrome]. AB - Protein fractions of the initial serum and acid-soluble proteins of the blood serum were examined in patients with acute myocardial infarction with marked pain syndrome before and after removal of the pain syndrome with fentanl and droperidol. It was noted that the total amount of protein in the initial serum and that of acid-soluble proteins were reduced as compared to the group of normal subjects. Disc electrophoresis demonstrated statistically significant differences in all the electrophoretic protein fractions of the initial blood serum. According to disc electrophoresis of acid-soluble proteins the greatest metabolic changes were experienced by proteins of the prealbumin zone. Three hours after the removal of the pain syndrome, protein metabolism did not return to normal. The intensity of quantitative changes in the disc electrophoretic zones remained at the same level as before the removal. PMID- 7128787 TI - [Enzyme activity of microsomal oxidation in ischemic and intact lobes of the rat liver after resumption of the liver blood circulation]. AB - Forty-minute lobular ischemia of the rat liver produces no considerable changes in the activity of the enzymes of the hydroxylation system of the hepatocyte endoplasmic reticulum. After resumption of circulation in the microsomes of ischemized and intact lobes of the liver the activity of hydroxylases appreciably decreases, reaching the minimum level by the 72nd hour of the postischemic period. During this time lipid peroxidation increases. PMID- 7128788 TI - [Induction of the formation of morphine-binding spleen cells as a manifestation of the immune reaction]. AB - A method has been devised for the preparation of sheep red blood cells sensitized by covalent morphine binding. The cells were used as a reagent in rosette formation and passive hemagglutination for revealing the immune response in rats and mice immunized with the morphine-BSA conjugate. It has been shown that hyperimmunization of the animals with the antigen mentioned together with the production of antimorphine antibodies, induces the formation of mononuclear spleen cells which bind morphine. PMID- 7128790 TI - [Use of a combination of dioxidine and gentamycin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa pyelonephritis in rats]. PMID- 7128793 TI - [Changes in rat behavior after glutethimide exposure in various stages of antenatal neurogenesis]. AB - After administration to rats in a dose of 200-400 mg/kg on days 14 and 15 of the pregnancy the hypnotic drug glutethimide induces in the rat progeny variations in the orienting-motor activity, latent period of runnings and raises the frequency of urinations upon training in a maze. The effect of glutethimide on the orienting-motor behavior was seen only in the first generation of the animals and was absent from the second generation animals. PMID- 7128791 TI - [Action of chlorophos on the liver mitochondrial membranes in the white rat]. AB - Injection of chlorophos (300 mg/kg, i. m.) to rats produced after 4 hours an elevation of phospholipid level in liver mitochondria by 35.8% on an average. The central cholinolytic cyclosil did not prevent the effect from being realized. Chlorophos (10(-7)-10(-5)M) in vitro failed to influence the phospholipid level in isolated mitochondria but their content in intact mitochondria was appreciably diminished after incubation. The rate of phospholipid biosynthesis in the mitochondrial membranes was not affected by chlorophos poisoning. It is suggested that the effect of chlorophos is mediated by its interaction with mitochondrial phospholipases. PMID- 7128789 TI - [Therapeutic effectiveness of diethyxime in poisoning by anticholinesterase action carbamate pesticides]. AB - Unlike dipyroxime (10 mg/kg), a new cholinesterase reactivator diethyxime (20 mg/kg) exerts a therapeutic action in acute poisoning of rats with carbamine pesticides (carbofuran, elocron, pirimor, croneton). Therapy with diethyxime combined with atropine (at a rate of 10 mg/kg) leads to the summation of therapeutic effects. At the same time the toxicity of carbofuran, pirimor, croneton and elocron as regards the LD50 decreases 8.75-fold, 5.4-, 4- and 2,84 fold, respectively. The mechanism of the therapeutic action of diethyxime is determined by its capacity to recover cholinesterase activity both in the peripheral and central nervous systems, as well as to normalize neuromuscular transmission. It is necessary to take into account the cholinolytic effect displayed by diethyxime. PMID- 7128794 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of hydrazine sulfate in intact and tumor-bearing rats]. AB - The pharmacokinetics of hydrazine sulfate was studied in intact and tumor-bearing (sarcoma 45) random-bred rats after intraventricular administration of the drug. To determine hydrazine in biosubstrates, a method was devised, which is based on spectrophotometry of the coloured product formed as a result of interaction with p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde. Analysis of the pharmacokinetic data with the use of a 4-compartmental model showed appreciable differences in some of the pharmacokinetic parameters of hydrazine sulfate as regards intact and tumor bearing animals. PMID- 7128792 TI - [Cytochemical study of peroxidase activity and the peroxidase-endogenous hydrogen peroxide system in the peripheral blood neutrophils of mice exposed to prodigiozan and retabolil]. AB - The paper concerns changes in the activity of some enzymes of azurophil granules of mouse neutrophils under a single administration of the bacterial polysaccharide prodigiosan and the synthetic anabolic hormone retabolil. Prodigiosan increases 1.4-fold the activity of the peroxidase-hydrogen peroxide system in azurophil granules of intact mice. In mice with leukopenia, prodigiosan normalizes the leukocyte count after 24 hours. At the same time there is an increase in the activity of peroxidase. It is assumed that under the effect of the same drug the cells of the animals in different physiological conditions may show an activation of the different components of antimicrobial defence. Retabolil raises the activity of peroxidase 96 hours after the first administration. Following 192 hours the activity reduces to normal and remains unchanged after the second drug administration. PMID- 7128796 TI - [Sulfalene kinetics in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid in arachnoiditis]. AB - The kinetics of free sulfalene in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid was studied in patients suffering from chronic arachnoiditis without marked inflammation signs on the part of arachnoid after a single intake of 2 g of the drug. It was found that administration of the drug in this dose once a week is quite justified and that sulfalene penetrates well in the cerebrospinal fluid. Upon administering large doses of the drug its absorption from the gastrointestinal tract declines. Sulfalene is eliminated from the cerebrospinal fluid more slowly than from the blood. High enough drug concentration is maintained in the cerebrospinal fluid for 7 days. PMID- 7128797 TI - [Acetylation of sulfadimezine and ethazole in rats]. AB - The paper is concerned with studies into acetylation of sulfadimezine (S) in Wistar, August and random-bred rats and into that of ethazole in Wistar rats. Age associated differences in S acetylation were examined in random-bred animals and the effect of phenobarbital on S acetylation was investigated in Wistar and August rats. Interlinear differences as regards S acetylation were found to be absent in the presence of sexual dimorphism as to the sign under study: the females were disclosed to be rapid while males to be slow S acetylators. Administration of phenobarbital did not lead to appreciable changes in the rat acetylator phenotypes. However there was tendency towards retardation of S acetylation in both the strains and both sexes. No sexual dimorphism as regards S acetylation was found in sexually immature random-bred rats whose acetylator phenotypes do not differ from those of adult females, or the development of sexual dimorphism in sexually mature animals. No sexual dimorphism as regards ethazole acetylation was shown in Wistar rats. PMID- 7128795 TI - [Alar metabolism in the rat liver]. PMID- 7128798 TI - [Interaction of xenobiotics and cell organelles]. PMID- 7128801 TI - Molecular requirements of the active sites of the cholinergic receptors. XVIII Correlation between activity and double bond position among cyclopentene derivatives. AB - Some cyclopentene derivatives lacking the oxygenated functions have been synthesized and tested as cholinergic compounds. Their good muscarinic potency seems to confirm that such compounds interact with a receptor area which is not coincident with that recognized by other cholinergic agents such as muscarine and deoxamuscarine. PMID- 7128799 TI - [Clinical pharmacology as an academic discipline]. PMID- 7128800 TI - [Clinical pharmacology and the teaching of the elements of pharmacotherapy in the medical college]. PMID- 7128802 TI - Derivatives of 5,7,7-trimethyl-6-oxa-3-azatricyclo[3.2.2.0(2.4)]nonane with antiarrhythmic, local anesthetic and hypotensive activities. AB - The synthesis of ureas (IV) and amides (V) derived from the tricyclic terpenoid amine 5,7,7-trimethyl-6-oxa-3-azatricyclo[3.2.2.0(2.4)]nonane (III) is described. A number of these compounds showed hypotensive and bradycardic activity in rats, as well as infiltration anesthesia and antiarrhythmic activity in mice. In particular, the n-butylurea (IV b) was superior to lidocaine concerning the anesthetic effect, and the benzamide (V f) showed the same degree of local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic activity as lidocaine. Antiacetylcholine activity in vitro and antitumor activity against P388 lymphocytic leukemia in mice are also reported. PMID- 7128804 TI - Pharmacokinetics of fructose-1, 6-diphosphate in the rat. AB - The pharmacokinetics of fructose-1, 6-diphosphate administered to the rat by intravenous injection was studied. Labelled fructose-1, 6-diphosphate was measured in blood, where it reaches the highest amount 10 min after administration, and in different organs. Residual radioactivity was measured in organs 20 min after administration, the highest values being found in the kidney and the lowest in the brain. The hydrolytic activity of the various organs toward fructose-1, 6-diphosphate was measured in organ extracts and was found to be maximal in the kidney and minimal in the brain. PMID- 7128805 TI - The reductive metabolism of the nitroaromatic flukicidal agent nitroxinil by liver microsomal cytochrome P-450. AB - Hepatic biotransformation of the flukicidal agent nitroxynil (3-iodo-4-hydroxy-5 nitrobenzonitrile) (I) has been studied with rat liver subcellular fractions as the source of enzymes: two metabolites, 3-iodo-4--hydroxy-5-aminobenzonitrile (II) and 3-iodo-4-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzamide (III) have been identified by standard analytical techniques (TLC, GLC and MS). The nitroaromatic reduction product (II) is formed in the hepatocyte in a process in which cytosol and endoplasmic reticulum enzymes cooperate. This formation is maximal in anaerobic conditions, but takes also place aerobically and in the absence of electrogenic cofactors. Cytochrome P-450 plays a major role in the denitrification process, and consequently could be the cellular site most exposed to damage by the intermediate arylhydroxylamine formed by reduction. PMID- 7128803 TI - [Amides of amino acids and peptides as antifungal agents]. AB - The synthesis of pyrazolyl-amides of aminoacids and peptides is described. The chemicals were tested for antifungal activity against wheat powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis DC.), cucumber powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum DC.), wheat brown rust (Puccinia recondita Rob. ex Desm. f. sp. tritici Erikss et Henn.), celery leaf spot (Septoria Apii Briosi ed Cav. Chest.) and collar rot (Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn). Some of these compounds showed antifungal activity. PMID- 7128807 TI - Synthesis and biological activity of some new substituted aminoacyl-carbazole derivatives. Part II. AB - 3-Nitro-9-(N-phthalyl- and N-tosylaminoacyl)carbazoles (II-XI) have been synthesized by the action of 3-nitro-9H-carbazole (I) on N-phthalyl- or N tosylamino acid in THF-Et3N medium using the DCC method. Treatment of the 3-nitro derivatives (II-XI) with Sn/HCl gave the corresponding 3-amino-9-(N-phthalyl- or N-tosylaminoacyl)carbazoles (XII-XIX). Hydrazinolysis of the N-phthalylcarbazoles derivatives (III-VII) in ethanol gave the corresponding 3-nitro-9-(aminoacyl) carbazoles (XX-XXIII). Compounds (II-XI and XXI, XXII) were found to be active against some microorganisms. PMID- 7128806 TI - [Determination of the coumarinic constituents of Ficus carica leaves by HPLC]. AB - The coumarinic compounds of fig leaves (Ficus carica) here examined closely. The furocoumarins psoralen, bergapten and the coumarins umbelliferone, 4',5' dihydropsoralen and marmesin are present. These substances were determined in a "coumarinic extract" by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The seasonal variations of the above mentioned compounds were also studied in a series of samples of leaves picked from the same plant, at regular fortnightly intervals during the period 1/VI-2/XI/1979. From the data obtained it is noticeable that the total coumarinic content is maximun--0.5% as compared with the dry weight--in the extract of leaves picked on the first August, while it is lowest in the extract of leaves picked on the 15th June. The quantity of psoralen is always greater than that of bergapten, umbelliferone, 4',5'-dihydropsoralen and of marmesin. The ratio psoralen: bergapten is not constant, but fluctuates extensively with the seasonal variations from 2.8 to 7.7. PMID- 7128808 TI - Opioid peptides. Structure-activity relationships in dermorphin tetrapeptides. I. AB - Characterisation and pharmacological data of twelve synthetic tetrapeptide analogs of dermorphin (opioid heptapeptide) are reported. An N-terminal tetrapeptide free acid or ester is less potent that the corresponding amide. Whereas substitution of Gly4 by another aminoacid residue is well tolerated, substitution of D-Ala2 by D- or L-alpha-aminoxypropionic acid causes a complete loss of activity. Finally, guanidination of the tetrapeptides results in an increase of peripheral and central opioid activity. PMID- 7128809 TI - Inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase by organophosphorus compounds: a quantitative structure-activity analysis. AB - Quantitative structure-activity relationships have been formulated for the interactions of a variety of inhibitors with butyrylcholinesterase. The parameters KQ, k2 and ki are found to be strongly dependent on molar refractivity as well as on the inductive effect of the leaving group --SR' in structures of the RO (X) P (O) SR' type. A model for the interaction of organophosphorus compounds is presented which gives a consistent view of the binding step, acylation and overall inhibition. PMID- 7128811 TI - Hemodynamic effects of ceruletide administered intravenously to coronaropathic patients. AB - The possible hemodynamic effects of ceruletide, administered intravenously at the dose of 1 ng/kg b.w., were studied in 9 coronaropathic patients submitted to cardiac catheterization. Ceruletide did not induce any modification of hemodynamic parameters. The only observed effect was a slight (3.7%) but statistically significant reduction of O2 saturation in the pulmonary artery. PMID- 7128814 TI - Sequence specificity in DNA for the interaction with adriamycin or daunomycin. AB - The interactions of adriamycin and daunomycin with various polydeoxyribonucleotides and some natural DNAs having different base pairs composition were studied by means of fluorimetric titrations. The quenching of the fluorescence occurring in the drugs complexed with polynucleotides and DNA is more efficiently induced by the C-G rich regions than by the A-T rich ones. By contrast, the affinity of the drugs for polynucleotides and DNAs in forming the molecular intercalated complexes is correlated mainly with the sequence of purines and pyrimidines in each strand of the duplex polymers, fairly independently of their nature. The regions having an alternate sequence of purines and pyrimidines in each strand are much more preferred than the regions having a continuous sequence; among the various alternate sequences, those having the structure of poly d(A-T) X poly d(A-T) appear to be a little more preferred than the others. PMID- 7128816 TI - Molecular requirements of the active sites of the cholinergic receptors. XIX-Size evaluation of the muscarinic subsite. AB - Several ethers and acetylderivatives of deoxamuscarine (I) and its isomers have been synthesized and tested to evaluate the volumetric requirements of the site interacting with the hydroxyl moiety of the agonist (muscarinic subsite). The good potency and affinity for the muscarinic receptor shown by some of these compounds will allow the insertion of an alkylating function in this position of the molecule. Such compounds will be useful to get more information on the topography of the active site and in the isolation of the receptor molecule. PMID- 7128813 TI - QSAR studies on phenylalkylamines interacting with the serotonin receptor. AB - An attempt is made to analyse the serotonin receptor binding affinity (pD2) of a small series of hallucinogenic phenylalkylamines in relation to various physical and physico-chemical parameters. It is found that pD2 can be significantly correlated with steric parameters, such as van der Waals (Vw) and molar refraction (MR). Based on the correlation equations obtained, it is suggested that the hallucination might be related with binding of drug with the serotonin receptor and that such binding might involve a van der Waals type of interaction. PMID- 7128815 TI - [Chemical and pharmacological research on pyran derivatives. XV. Phenyl substituted 2-(dialkylamino)chromones]. AB - Some 2-(dialkylamino)chromones phenyl substituted in position 6 or 7 or 8 were synthesized by reaction of N,N-dialkylethoxycarbonylacetamides with 4- or 3- or 2 biphenylol, respectively, in the presence of phosphorus oxychloride. The pharmacological activity of these compounds was then evaluated and compared with that shown by naphthopyran derivatives of structures (I), (II), and (III). With this same purpose also 6- and 8-benzyl derivatives of 2-(dialkylamino)chromones were prepared by using in the reaction 4- or 2-benzylphenol. Pharmacological screening showed that 6-phenyl substituted 2-(dialkylamino)chromones maintained the antireserpine and antimetrazole acti-activities which were possessed by the 1H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyran derivatives (I) and the 4H-naphtho[2,3-b]pyran derivatives (II), whereas 7-phenyl substituted compounds were devoid of any activity. 8 Phenyl substituted 2-(dialkylamino)chromones maintained to some extent the antiamphetamine activity which was clearly shown by the 4H-naphtho[1,2-]pyran derivatives (III). Furthermore, the compounds bearing the benzyl substituent both in the 6 or 8 position showed only antimetrazole activity. PMID- 7128817 TI - A new silent hemoglobin variant in a black family from French West Indies, hemoglobin Le Lamentin alpha 20 His replaced by Gln. AB - A new abnormal hemoglobin Hb Le Lamentin alpha 20 (B1) His replaced by Gln was discovered during a survey of cord blood from the French West Indies (Martinique). This variant displays an electrophoretic pattern similar to that of Hb A but can be isolated by isoelectric focusing (IEF) and Biorex 70 chromatography. Family studies showed the presence of this hemoglobin variant in the father and in two of his three children. Hematological data from the carriers were normal. PMID- 7128810 TI - The influence of uridine and glutamine on cytidine transport and metabolism in rat brain primary cell culture. AB - The uptake of labelled cytidine from primary cell cultures from rat embryo brain has been examined in the presence of uridine and glutamine. When uridine and glutamine are incubated with cytidine at a ten-fold higher concentration cytidine uptake is stimulated noticeably but its conversion into cytidine nucleotides is inhibited. When equimolar concentrations of uridine and glutamine are used, both cytidine uptake and metabolism are noticeably increased. The results point to interesting interactions among nucleosides for their transport into living cells and their further utilization. PMID- 7128818 TI - The reconstitution of histone H3-H4 tetramer from acid extracted histones in the absence of urea. AB - Simple mixing of acid purified histones H3 and H4 in equimolar quantities at low ionic strength near pH 7 does not yield the tetramer but rather a high Mr aggregate. Dialysis of acid extracted total or core histones into 2 M NaCl 150 mM phosphate (pH 7.4) followed by fractionation of the histone complexes at lower ionic strength (150 mM NaCl) results in an H3-H4 tetramer of a structure identical to that derived from salt-extracted histones. Dialysis of acid extracted total or core histones directly into the lower ionic strength buffer with subsequent fractionation, results in H3-H4 tetramer of closely similar structure. PMID- 7128819 TI - Location of troponin I-binding on troponin T sequence. PMID- 7128812 TI - [Acaricidal, chemosterilant and insecticidal activity of triazine derivatives]. AB - A large number of 1-aryl-3,3-dialkyl triazenes and 1,2-diphenyl triazenes variously substituted in the 3 position with OH and alkyl groups were prepared and studied for acaricide activity against Panonychus ulmi and chemosterilizing and insecticidal activity against Musca domestica. The results highlighted the marked chemosterilizing activity of 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-3,3-di-n-propyltriazene and the interesting acaricidal activity of 1-(4-benzoylphenyl)-3,3 dimethyltriazene. The examination of such a large number of compounds for insecticidal activity allowed interesting conclusions to be drawn regarding structure/activity relationships. PMID- 7128820 TI - Sulfatide activation of the oxygen radical generating system of leucocytes. PMID- 7128821 TI - The oxidation of cyclopropyl benzene by rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450: an unusual triple oxidation of a substrate. PMID- 7128822 TI - Methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) stimulates the cellular transport system of the polyamines. PMID- 7128824 TI - Identical catalytic subunit in both molecular forms of hormone-sensitive cholesterol esterase from bovine adrenal cortex. PMID- 7128823 TI - Inhibitory effect of D-galactosamine administration on fatty acid oxidation in rat hepatocytes. PMID- 7128826 TI - GSH release in bile as influenced by arsenite. PMID- 7128828 TI - Increase in the number of glucose carriers in chick fibroblasts during embryo development. PMID- 7128829 TI - Identification of elongation factor 1 alpha from mouse liver. PMID- 7128827 TI - Role of phosphatidylethanolamine methylation in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine by hepatocytes isolated from choline-deficient rats. PMID- 7128825 TI - A genuine acyl donor activity of oleyl-CoA for mitochondrial glycerophosphate acyltransferase. PMID- 7128830 TI - Macrophages stimulate the activation of plasminogen by fibroblasts. PMID- 7128831 TI - Carnitine and carnitine palmitoyltransferase in fatty acid oxidation and ketosis. AB - Carnitine is an essential factor in long-chain fatty acid oxidation. Carnitine acts as a carrier of fatty acyl groups from the cytoplasm to the mitochondrion. Long-chain acyl-CoA derivatives do not penetrate the mitochondrial inner membrane. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase A (CPT-A), located on the external surface of the inner membrane, catalyzes the conversion of cytoplasmic long-chain acyl-CoA and carnitine into acylcarnitine. The acylcarnitine is reconverted to intramitochondrial acyl-CoA by the action of carnitine palmitoyltransferase B located in the inner membrane. Now, the acyl-CoA is available for beta-oxidation in the matrix. An inner membrane carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase exchanges carnitine and acylcarnitine across the inner membrane but its role is long-chain acyl transfer has not been established. The tissue concentration of carnitine is important; liver carnitine is correlated with the rate of hepatic ketoacid production. In liver, malonyl-CoA, an intermediate in fatty acid synthesis, is proposed to regulate the activity of CPT-A. Studies using various purified transferases have not provided an answer to the question of whether the two activities expressed in mitochondria are separate enzymes. The absence of only CPT-A activity in isolated skeletal muscle mitochondria obtained from a patient with a lipid-storage myopathy suggests two separate activities. PMID- 7128832 TI - Possible functions of short-chain and medium-chain carnitine acyltransferases. AB - Several mammalian tissue contain water-soluble, branched chain acylcarnitines and other short-chain aliphatic acylcarnitines and also contain a broad spectrum of short-chain and medium-chain carnitine acyltransferase (CAT) activities. Although carnitine can stimulate the oxidation of branched chain alpha-ketoacids, it has not been established that carnitine is required for the oxidation of the alpha ketoacids in the matrix of mitochondria. Rather it probably acts as a reversible sink for acyl residues, thereby generating CoASH, which can be used to maintain normal metabolism; thus carnitine would have a facilitative rather than an obligatory role. Microsomes and peroxisomes contain medium- and short-chain CATs. This occurrence is short- and medium-chain CATs in peroxisomes is consistent with carnitine's being involved in shuttling the chain-shortened products of beta oxidation out of peroxisomes. Human urine contains a spectrum of short-chain acylcarnitines and data are presented that show a large amount of propionylcarnitine in the urine of the individual with a metabolic problem. The cumulative data are consistent with the conclusion that carnitine has multiple roles in mammalian metabolism, including the shuttling of beta-oxidation chain shortened products out of peroxisomes in liver, the modulation of the acyl CoA/CoASH ratio in mammalian cells, and the translocation of acetyl units for selective synthesis in a yeast. PMID- 7128833 TI - Regulatory mechanism in smooth muscle: actin-linked regulation. AB - Our view about the Ca regulation of smooth muscle contraction can be summarized as follows: the regulatory system is actin-linked and consists of tropomyosin and leiotonin; the latter is a complex of two proteins, leiotonin A, the regulatory moiety, and leiotonin C, the Ca-binding moiety. Leiotonin resembles troponin in some respects, but is clearly different in that it has no affinity for tropomyosin and is effective at a leiotonin/actin molar ratio of less than 1:50. The methods of preparing leiotonin were critically reviewed and a suggestion was provided for the development of a new procedure. References were also made to our idea that the myosin light chain phosphorylation may not play an essential role in smooth muscle contraction. With reference to a new type of actin-linked factor from Physarum polycephalum through which Ca2+ represses the actin-myosin-ATP interaction, the diversity of the modes of action of Ca2+ was discussed. PMID- 7128834 TI - Membrane potential and excitation-contraction coupling in smooth muscle. AB - To describe the role of the membrane potential in the regulation of the excitation-contraction coupling of smooth muscle, two types of smooth muscle tissues, the tenia coli of the guinea pig and the ear artery of the rabbit, have been compared. The first tissue provides an example of electromechanical coupling, and the second one is characterized by pharmacomechanical coupling. Under physiologic conditions tenia coli present action potentials accompanied by an entry of Ca2+ into the cells. However, the calculated amount of Ca entering during an action potential is, according to several authors, insufficient to cause contraction. An alternative mechanism to increase the intracellular Ca2+ could be a Ca-induced or depolarization-induced Ca release. Application of acetylcholine increases the ion permeability of the plasma membrane, thereby causing an increase of the spike frequency and a membrane depolarization. In addition, it induces a release of cellular Ca. However, the changes of the membrane potential seem to be the primary regulatory factor in determining the activity of this tissue. In the ear artery the role of the membrane potential seems to be much less important than in tenia coli. There is no electrical activity, and norepinephrine induces a force development without depolarizing the cells. This agonist causes a release of Ca from an intracellular store and at the same time increases the Ca permeability of the membrane. We have obtained experimental evidence suggesting that norepinephrine could act primarily on a cellular Ca store close to the cell membrane. A depletion of this store could result in a rapid flow of external Ca into this store and from there into the cytoplasm. The receptor-operated channels would be incorporated in the plasma membrane-sarcoplasmic reticulum junction. PMID- 7128837 TI - Chlamydial salpingitis and infertility. PMID- 7128836 TI - Calcium fluxes in isolated rabbit aorta and guinea pig tenia coli. AB - Studies utilizing 45Ca have been helpful in analyzing the Ca control system in smooth muscle. Activation of rabbit aortic alpha receptors stimulates Ca influx and a release of Ca from superficial binding sites. Membrane depolarization by high K causes an influx, but no release. However, the influx pathways activated by alpha agonists and membrane depolarization are different and independent, because the maximal Ca influxes induced by each type of stimulation are additive. The cellular Ca pools that release Ca during pharmacological activation are shared by several agonists; release of cellular Ca by one agent after abolition of Ca influx inhibits Ca release by a second, different agonist. U44069, a stable prostaglandin H2 analog, induces both Ca influx and release. The extracellular Ca source for initial influx exchanges more slowly than free interstitial Ca, and may be located within the glycocalyx or on the outer membrane surface. An Na-Ca exchange process has been suggested as the important determinant of the transmembrane electrochemical Ca gradient. However, manipulation of the Na gradient by Na pump inhibition and Na substitution has provided data showing that Na-Ca exchange is a nonspecific process not directly involved in regulating [Ca]i. It is more likely that Ca extrusion is dependent on an ATPase in smooth muscle. PMID- 7128839 TI - Relationship of luteinizing hormone, pregnanediol-3-glucuronide, and estriol-16 glucuronide in urine of infertile women with endometriosis. AB - The concentration of luteinizing hormone (LH), pregnanediol-3-glucuronide (PGD), and estriol-16-Glucuronide (E3G) were measured in daily morning urine specimens from 53 infertile women. In 26 of 29 women with various degrees of proven endometriosis, two distinct midcycle peaks of LH were found 2 or 3 days apart. Patients with LH peaks separated by 3 days had significantly more severe endometriosis than those with a single peak. Maximum concentrations of E3G were found to be delayed until after the first LH peak in these patients, and PGD concentrations did not rise until the time of the second LH peak, making actual luteal function of shorter duration than normal. From the data on LH, it appears that an inappropriate hormonal feedback mechanism is operative in endometriosis. PMID- 7128835 TI - Calcium and monovalent ions in smooth muscle. AB - Electron probe analysis has shown that the high Cl and K contents of smooth muscle reflect the generalized cytoplasmic distribution of these elements and are not due to sequestration in organelles. These findings, in agreement with other studies, indicate that ECl is less and EK more negative than the membrane potential. The susceptibility of cellular Na content to preparatory procedures has been confirmed. Nuclei do not sequester Na, and transmitochondrial monovalent ion (Na, K, Cl) gradients are very small or nonexistent. The major identified intracellular store of Ca is the sarcoplasmic reticulum; mitochondrial Ca is low in resting as well as in maximally contracted normal portal vein smooth muscle. Observations on mitochondrial loading in saponin-skinned smooth muscle suggest that in intact cells maximal contraction may take place at less than 10(-5) M free cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentrations [Ca2+]. Problems of the composition of abnormal (hypertrophied, hypertensive, and atherosclerotic) smooth muscles are considered. PMID- 7128840 TI - Correlation between serum antichlamydial antibodies and tubal factor as a cause of infertility. AB - Although salpingitis frequently produces tubal damage and infertility, many women with tubal factor as a cause of their infertility do not have a clinical history of salpingitis. In order to investigate whether or not some such cases might be due to subclinical chlamydial infections, we measured antichlamydial antibodies in the serum of 172 women consecutively undergoing evaluation for infertility. Only 16 (9.3%) had a prior history of salpingitis. Sixty-one (35%) had antichlamydial antibodies (S+), and of these 75% had tubal factor as a sole or contributing cause of their infertility, versus 28% of the seronegative (S-) women (x2 - 34, P less than 0.001). There was no association between chlamydial seropositivity and any infertility factor other than tubal factor in multivariant analyses. Subclinical infections with Chlamydia trachomatitis may be a major cause of tubal infertility in the United States, and chlamydial serologic studies may be useful in identifying the subset of infertile women likely to have tubal factor. PMID- 7128838 TI - The effectivenss of danazol on subsequent fertility in minimal endometriosis. AB - Sixty-five patients with minimal endometriosis were studied for the purpose of prospectively comparing conservative medical management in the form of danazol with no therapy in the treatment of this disease. After completion of the basic infertility evaluation and correction of additional factors affecting fertility, a diagnostic laparoscopy, dilatation and curettage (D and C), and tubal lavage were performed. A randomly selected cord determined whether the patient received no treatment for 6 months or danazol for 6 months followed by no treatment for 6 months. The dosage of danazol was 800 mg daily for the first 2 months, 600 mg daily for the next 2 months, and 400 mg daily for the final 2 months. The mean age of both the danazol-treated group and the group that received no danazol was 31 years. Conception occurred in 30% of the danazol-treated patients and 50% of the untreated patients. These results suggest that infertile patients with minimal endometriosis should be given an opportunity to conceive after laparoscopy, D and C, and tubal lavage. This would seem particularly true in older patients where a 6-month delay in permitting attempts at conception represents a significant interval of time. PMID- 7128842 TI - Morphometric analysis of the human endometrium in relation to peripheral hormone levels. AB - Twelve indices were quantitated at three sites in 68 endometrial biopsies from 14 women in five cycles each in which daily plasma levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), and progesterone (P) were measured. It was found that a single biopsy specimen is representative of the entire endometrium. Using classic dating, 59% of the biopsies were correct. The error rate increased with the distance from the LH surge. The morphometric indices revealed significant differences am ong all 48-hour secretory phase periods except days LH + 7 to LH + 10. The glandular diameter was positively correlated with proliferative phase E2 levels and with secretory phase P levels; the latter were negatively correlated with stromal mitoses. Basal vacuoles were negatively correlated with E2 and positively with P levels. PMID- 7128841 TI - Results of a study to determine the effects of three oral contraceptives on serum lipoprotein levels. AB - A multicenter, double-blind investigation with random allocations of subjects to Ortho-Novum 1/50 tablets, Ortho-Novum 1/35 tablets, or Modicon tablets (Ortho Pharmaceutical Corporation, Raritan, NJ) was conducted. Each subject remained on the same oral contraceptive (OC) for at least four cycles. Serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglyceride, and cholesterol were measured prior to the initiation of OC therapy and were repeated after treatment cycles 2 and 4. There were no significant changes in HDL, LDL, or serum cholesterol levels. Triglyceride levels increased but remained significant only with the lowest dose product. These were no significant differences among the three drugs for the four parameters studied. PMID- 7128844 TI - Treatment with intermittent high dose methylprednisolone or intermittent betamethasone for antisperm antibodies: preliminary communication. AB - Thirty-four men received steroid therapy in an attempt to overcome antisperm antibodies. Fifteen men received intermittent methylprednisolone (MP), 7 men received intermittent betamethasone following a failed course of MP, and 12 men received intermittent betamethasone. The pregnancy rate following steroid treatment, when compared with the expected pregnancy rate for patients with similar duration of infertility, was significantly improved. The titers of antibodies fell during steroid treatment. There were steroid side effects in all groups, although these were less marked in the group that received betamethasone alone. This work provides evidence that steroid treatment alters the expected prognosis and indicates that there is justification for a randomized trial in spite of the risks of treatment. PMID- 7128845 TI - Methylprednisolone treatment of immunologic infertility in male. AB - Over a 5-year period, 98 men (101 "cases") with immunologic infertility, as diagnosed by Kibrick and F-D sperm agglutination testing, were treated with one or more regimens of methylprednisolone (96 mg/day for 7 days). Among the 71 patients for whom complete follow-up data were obtained, 31 (44%) succeeded in achieving pregnancy in their partners within 12 months of the start of treatment. The pregnancy-achievers and nonachievers were compared with respect to their semen quality, Kibrick titers, and F-D agglutination before and after therapy. No single, clear-cut factor could be identified to explain, or predict, a successful outcome. However, some men did have improved semen quality; of these, 69% achieved a pregnancy in the partner. Furthermore, pregnancy was somewhat more likely to occur if the man had a decrease in Kibrick titer; a decrease in titer was more likely in men whose titers were higher initially. No correlation with F D agglutination activity was found. side effects were of limited incidence; only 16% of the men had any discomfort at all, and only 2% of them had severe problems. However, all discomfort and problems were transient. PMID- 7128846 TI - Polyzoospermia: a definite pathologic entity. AB - Polyzoospermia has been repeatedly associated with reduced fertility and increased rates of spontaneous abortion. We examined semen samples of 1374 infertile men and found an incidence of 4.2% of semen with a sperm density exceeding 250 X 10(6) sperm cells/ml. The spontaneous pregnancy rate in 30 evaluated couples in whom the male partner presented with polyzoospermia was 38.7% and the spontaneous abortion rate was 25%. Sperm penetration tests revealed normal mucus-penetrating ability in 29 of 30 men examined. The reason for reduced reproductive performance in polyzoospermic men does not seem to be disturbed sperm mucus interaction. PMID- 7128843 TI - Vaginal organic acids and hormonal changes in the menstrual cycle. AB - Twenty-seven women not using oral contraceptives (OCs) and 22 women using OCs were studied during one complete menstrual cycle. Twenty-four-hour vaginal secretions, collected on alternate days by a tampon method, were analyzed for acetic and other short-chain aliphatic acids and for lactic acid. Daily blood samples were analyzed for estrogens, progesterone (P), and luteinizing hormone (LH). No difference was found between OC users and nonusers in either amount or variability of vaginal aliphatic acids throughout the menstrual cycle. Aliphatic acids did not correlate with estrogen of P levels. A significant positive correlation was found between vaginal lactic acid and blood estrogens in those subjects not using OCs. PMID- 7128847 TI - The removal of fallopian tubes has no adverse effect on subsequent ovarian function in rabbits. AB - The effect of bilateral salpingectomy on ovarian function was studied in the rabbit. Nine rabbits underwent a microsurgical removal of both fallopian tubes, and nine other rabbits underwent sham operations. Four weeks after surgery the rabbits were mated, and the number of ovulation sites were recorded 18 hours after mating. Serum progesterone (P) levels were also determined prior to the operation and at 6 days and 8 days after mating. Eight days after mating the ovaries were recovered, and the corpora lutea were removed and weighted. The mean number and weights of corpora lutea as well as serum P levels did not differ significantly between the groups. These findings suggest that the absence of fallopian tubes has no effect on subsequent ovulatory function in this animal model. PMID- 7128848 TI - Bioactivity of prolactin in a woman with an excess of large molecular size prolactin, persistent hyperprolactinemia and spontaneous conception. PMID- 7128849 TI - Risks of stimulating spermatozoa with caffeine. PMID- 7128850 TI - Estrogen and menopause. PMID- 7128851 TI - Patients with unexplained infertility. Treatment of mild endometriosis. PMID- 7128852 TI - Internal spermatic vein prostaglandins in varocicele patients. PMID- 7128853 TI - [Intracentral relationships of brain structures participating in blood circulation regulation]. AB - Hemodynamic responses to stimulation of different hypothalamic sites, to simultaneous stimulation of the sinus nerve and a hypothalamic site as well as monosynaptic hypothalamic projections to brain stem structures and spinal cord as studied in anesthetized vagotomized cats revealed that hypothalamic influences to efferent link of cardiovascular control involved different efferent projections with activation of various groups of brain structures. A scheme showing intracentral monosynaptic projections participating in cardiovascular control was drawn. PMID- 7128854 TI - [Characteristics of the central regulation of venous vessels]. AB - In acute experiments on cats, the magnitude and type of responses of hindlimb accumulating vessels and of those responsible for pressure stabilization, to pressor reflexes were studied under normal conditions of the vasomotor center and after brain sections at different levels (decortication, decerebration, spinalization) as well as after occlusion of femoral or cava posterior vein. A considerable increase of arterial vessels responses to pressor reflexes occurred after decerebration at the intercollicular level whereas occlusion of the femoral or cava posterior veins led to a significant decrease of the responses. The reactions of venous vessels were constant owing to the specific features of their central regulation. Only efferent impulses to arterial part of the vascular bed seem to change under these conditions while modification of "venous" part of the efferent patterns occurred, probably, at the spinal cord level. PMID- 7128855 TI - [Responses in the white rami communicantes of different segments of the spinal cord to stimulation of the ventral surface of the medulla oblongata]. AB - In anesthetized curarized cats, the responses in T3-4, T10-11 and L2-3 white rami (WR) to stimulation of different zones of the bulbar ventral surface (BVS) were maximal when the region about 4 mm laterally from midline was stimulated. Threshold surface stimulation of all these zones elicited only the long-latency responses in WR. The short-latency responses appeared in WR when supramaximal stimuli were applied to the region up to 6 mm rostrally from the hypoglossal nerve root level (zone S and caudal part of zone M). Descending influences from BVS were conducted by fibers of the spinal dorsolateral funiculus with conduction velocity about 5.6 +/- 0.6 m/sec. These pathways differed from previously studied sympathoexcitatory pathways originating from sympathoexcitatory neurons in caudal medulla. A possible neuronal organization of sympathoexcitatory structures of BVS is suggested. PMID- 7128856 TI - [Late components of somatosympathetic responses in spinal cats]. AB - Reflex responses in renal nerve and in white rami of lower thoracic and lumbar cord segments to stimulation of A- and A+C fibers of somatic nerves revealed that late A-responses persisted both in renal nerve and in white rami of unanesthetized spinal cats. Apart from early and late responses, intermediate discharges occurred in white rami, but the last as well as the latest components of the early response were unrelated to late A-response in renal nerve. The short latency C-responses also occurred in renal nerve and white rami another spinal C response had central time about 240 msec. PMID- 7128858 TI - [Effect of deafferentation of vascular reflexogenic zones on cerebral cortical function]. PMID- 7128857 TI - [Late somatosympathetic reflex responses in the thoracic and lumbar white rami communicantes]. AB - In anesthetized and immobilized cats with intact nervous system, late somato sympathetic reflexes (LB) in T3 and L2-3 white rami elicited by stimulation of ipsi- and contralateral thoracic and lumbar segmental nerves included at least two typical waves: LR-I, LR-II, LR-I was only elicited by stimulation of corresponding and neighbouring segmental ipsilateral nerves and had equal latency at the thoracic and lumbar levels. The appearance of LR-II in thoracic and lumbar white rami did not depend on the level of spinal entrance of the stimulated afferent nerves. The LR-II latency increased in white rami originated in more caudal segments. The data obtained suggest LR-I to be the spinal reflex, and LR II--the suprasegmental one. PMID- 7128860 TI - [Mechanisms of the development of cardiogenic vagosympathetic reflexes]. AB - Mechanisms of development of cardiogenic vagosympathetic depressor reflexes during adrenergic heart stimulation and local immune and ischemic damages of the left ventricle were studied in anesthetized dogs and cats by recording afferent and efferent impulsation from cardiac nerves as well as cardiodynamic indices. Impulse activity in cardiac nerves showed reciprocal changes: an increase in frequency of afferent impulsation in vagal nerves and inhibition of efferent impulsation in sympathetic nerves. The data obtained suggest that stimulation of heart mechanoreceptors due to the increase of myocardial contractility and asynergy of the left ventricle, is a triggering mechanism for reflex inhibition of sympathetic impulsation and depressor reflex. PMID- 7128859 TI - [Analysis of the role of endogenous opioid peptides in experimental hypertension]. AB - In Wistar rats, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and in rats with one-kidney Goldblatt hypertension, naloxone (0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg) evoked the 10 mm Hg increase of blood pressure in the two groups of hypertensive rats, did not change sensitivity of their baroreceptor reflex but facilitated the reflex in normotensive rats. A possible role of endogenous peptides in blood pressure control is discussed in relation to their ability to stimulate mu- and delta opiate receptors. PMID- 7128861 TI - [Hypothalamic participation in regulating parasympathetic reflexes to the heart in unanesthetized cats]. AB - The influences of electrical stimulation of different hypothalamic areas on cardiac parasympathetic reflexes were studied in unanesthetized unrestrained cats. Cardiac reflexes were induced by imitation of venous input increase to the heart or by stimulation of cervical part of the vagus. The hypothalamus exerted two-way effects on cardiac reflexes: they were either increased or decreased during hypothalamic stimulation. This suggests that the hypothalamus renders facilitating as well as inhibitory influences on cardiac reflex bradycardia. The forebrain is supposed to participate in cardiac regulation by modulating cardiac reflexes both in unanesthetized cats and anesthetized ones. PMID- 7128863 TI - [Relationship of the pressor reaction to the energy metabolism of muscles in a static contraction mode]. PMID- 7128862 TI - [Coronary vascular reactions of dogs to hypothalamic stimulation in acute and chronic experiments]. AB - Stimulation of emotiogenic zones of the dog hypothalamus in acute and chronic experiments evoked the same responses in the heart and coronary vessels: an increase of the coronary vessels resistance occurred within first 5 sec of the stimulation. Acceleration of cardiac activity involved coronary vessels dilatation. Hypothalamic stimulation against the background of adrenergic betareceptor block caused an increase of coronary vessels resistance alone. Changes of arterial pressure were the same as before the block, and the change of the heart rate was less obvious. The neurogenic vasoconstriction of coronary vessels and their metabolic vasodilatation are interrelated in a complicated way: adrenergic influences activating smooth muscles of coronary vessels maintain their extravascular effects during vasodilatation of metabolic nature. PMID- 7128864 TI - [Mechanisms of the effect of substances in the cerebrospinal fluid from the central canal of the spinal cord on hemodynamics]. AB - The electron microscopy revealed morphological structures of the central spinal channel's wall capable of mediating physiological responses to administration of physiologically active substances in the CSF. The supraependymal dendrite terminals, the inter- and subependymal dendrites as well as chemoreceptors of subsynaptic membranes of the neuropil's axo-dendritic synapses are able to perform the receptor functions. The physiologically active substances of CSF can penetrate into the spinal cord and reach the receptor structures through the interependymal junctions and long basal branches of the ependyma cells. PMID- 7128865 TI - [Complex evaluation of heart rhythm regulation during measured functional loads]. PMID- 7128868 TI - [Uterine response to estrogen in the rat of hypothyroidism]. AB - Hypothyroidism has been believed to affect the female reproductive system, but relatively few studies have been made on the direct effects of the thyroid hormone on the uterus, and the results have been conflicting. In the present paper, thymidine kinase (TK) and progesterone receptor (PrgR) in cytosol were assayed in the rat to study the uterine response to estrogen. Furthermore, this uterine response to estrogen was compared between hypothyroid and euthyroid rats. Hypothyroidism was induced by surgical operation performed at 21 days of age. Immature rats: Estradiol (E2) was injected on day 26. No significant difference in increases of uterine wet weight, TK and PrgR was noted between hypothyroid and euthyroid rats 30 h after E2 injection. Adult rats: Ovariectomy was added at 21 days or 65 days of age. E2 was injected on day 70. No significant difference in increases of uterine wet weight, TK and PrgR was noted between hypothyroid and euthyroid rats 24 h or 48 h after E2 injection. These results suggest that hypothyroidism may have no direct effects on such uterine responses to estrogen as wet weight, TK and PrgR. PMID- 7128866 TI - [Microcirculation in the liver in normal blood oxygenation and hypoxemia]. AB - Vital contact microscopy and microfilming were used to measure the blood flow velocity in hepatic sinusoids 11 +/- 1 microns in diameter. The white blood cells moving in the axis stream of the red cells were used as the markers to measure linear flow velocity. In normoxia it was equal to 0.29 +/- 0.01 mm/sec and the volumetric flow rate in a liver sinusoid as calculated from this value was about 1.65 . 10(-3) microliters/min. Breathing with the mixture of nitrogen and 7% oxygen evoked a decrease of arterial blood pressure down to 80-70 torr and oxygen tension in a. femoralis and v. porta down to 45 +/- 3 torr and 18 +/- 3 torr, resp., as compared with 77 +/- 3 and 41 +/- 2 torr in normoxia. The mean sinusoidal blood flow velocity increased by nearly 12% only (p less than 0.01). This suggests that the increased oxygen extraction is the main compensatory mechanism in liver tissue hypoxia. PMID- 7128867 TI - [Measurement of regional hemodynamic parameters in a regimen of alternating stabilization of the intravascular pressure and blood flow]. PMID- 7128870 TI - Reference weight for height standards. An easier approach for computerization. PMID- 7128869 TI - [The effect of iodination on the biological and immunological activities of the human growth hormone and prolactin]. AB - The human growth hormone (hGH) and human prolactin (hPRL) were iodinated with 125I using the lactoperoxidase method and purified by gel filtration on a Sephadex G-100 column and by ion exchange chromatography on a diethyl-aminoethyl (DEAE) cellulose column. Aliquots of the peak fraction on the Sephadex G-100 column and each fraction on the DEAE cellulose column were tested by radioimmunoassay (RIA) using 131I-hGH or 131I-hPRL as a tracer and by bioassay using Nb2 rat lymphoma cells. The ratio of the bioassay and RIA estimates of 125I hGH was 0.89 +/- 0.15 (mean +/- SD) and that of both estimates of 125I-hPRL was 1.14 +/- 0.16. These data suggest that the lactoperoxidase iodination method is sufficient for labeling hGH and hPRL to a high specific activity without altering their biological integrity. PMID- 7128871 TI - A national food and nutrition policy for Fiji. PMID- 7128872 TI - Marketing costs and margins for major food items in developing countries. PMID- 7128874 TI - A Tunisian case study. The effects of household size and income on the probability of energy inadequacy. PMID- 7128875 TI - Computer mapping: a nutrition communications technique. PMID- 7128873 TI - Farmers and traders. Some economic determinants of nutritional status in Northern Ghana. PMID- 7128876 TI - A reexamination of Delaware physicians' attitudes toward generic prescribing. PMID- 7128878 TI - More on menopause. PMID- 7128877 TI - Contraception in adolescence. PMID- 7128880 TI - [Cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Czechoslovak Republic]. PMID- 7128881 TI - Deficiency of nonspecific defence mechanism in a patient with chronic pyoderma. PMID- 7128883 TI - [A modified procedure of microscopically controlled surgery for the removal of basaliomas]. PMID- 7128882 TI - [Activity and distribution of beta-glucuronidase and lactate dehydrogenase in human and transplantable melanomas of the mouse and golden hamster]. PMID- 7128879 TI - [New views on male fertility with relevance for general practice]. PMID- 7128884 TI - New histochemical and ultrastructural findings in three cases of 'papillomatose papuleuse confluente et reticulee (Gougerot-carteaud)'. PMID- 7128885 TI - Generalised pustular psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and nephrotic syndrome associated with systemic amyloidosis. AB - The case report is presented of a psoriatic patient with arthropathy, generalised pustular psoriasis and nephrotic syndrome, in whom systemic amyloidosis developed. The literature reports 13 cases of psoriasis associated with amyloidosis, 3 of whom suffered from pustular psoriasis as does our case. With the addition of our case, 12 of these 14 had concomitant arthropathy. This seems to suggest that arthritis is an important factor in the appearance of amyloidosis. Rectal biopsy and/or renal biopsy may be helpful in establishing the diagnosis of amyloidosis relatively early in patients with psoriatic arthritis. PMID- 7128886 TI - Appearance of lupus erythematosus in a patient with lichen planus treated by isoniazide. PMID- 7128887 TI - Treatment of idiopathic hirsutism with spironolactone. PMID- 7128889 TI - New perspectives on aging and immunity: lower animals, ontogeny, phylogeny and immunoendocrinology. PMID- 7128890 TI - Receptors for complement on echinoid phagocytes. I. The opsonic effect of vertebrae sera on echinoid phagocytosis. AB - The ingestion of sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) by echinoid phagocytes was greatly increased after treatment of SRBC with sera from mouse, human and fish. The opsonic principle in the sera was heat labile (56 degrees C 1/2 hr). Opsonization with mammalian sera was studied more extensively. It was dependent on pre sensitization of SRBC with specific antibody (IgM), required Ca2+, and was inhibited by low temperature (4 degrees C). The finding that serum depleted of C 3 only opsonized very weakly strongly indicates that the opsonic principles is the complement cascade C 1-4-2-3 activated via the classical pathway, and that the opsonic effect largely coincides with the coating of SRBC with C 3b. A role of C 5 or later components was excluded, since the mouse AKR serum was C 5 deficient, and the human serum was normally treated with zymosan. When variations known to impair the opsonic function of C 3 was introduced in the opsonization procedure, a parallel inhibition was recorded on attachment of SRBC to mouse peritoneal macrophages and on ingestion of SRBC by echinoid cells. Thus C 3 receptors are probably present on echinoid phagocytes. PMID- 7128888 TI - Unilateral skin lesions, cataracts, optic glioma and retardation--a variant of the epidermal nevus syndrome? PMID- 7128892 TI - Acute phase (C-reactive) protein-like macromolecules from rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). AB - A protein which reacts with the Cx-polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae and is inhibited by phosphorylcholine was isolated from the serum of rainbow trout by affinity chromatography. The protein, which exists in monomeric and oligomeric forms in non-immune trout serum, is very similar with regard to specificity and size to the Cx-reactive protein from rabbits. A semi-quantitative analytical method for evaluating bacterial agglutination with an electronic particle counter and size distribution analyzer was developed to compare natural and acute serum levels of trout and rabbit Cx-reactive proteins. Results indicate that the poikilotherm has much higher concentrations in normal serum. The trout serum protein can also be rapidly induced to yet higher levels by both chemical and physical stress. The implications for such a protein in the teleost's natural defense system and overall homeostasis are discussed. PMID- 7128893 TI - Transfer of delayed hypersensitivity in the chicken. AB - Delayed hypersensitivity (DH) can be transferred in FP and SC chickens with 1 x 10(8) spleen or peripheral blood cells from donors exhibiting moderate to strong DH reactions. Increasing the spleen cells dose from 1 to 4 x 10(8) per recipient had no marked enhancing effect on the results. Spleen cells from agammaglobulinemic donors were also shown to transfer DH reactions. PMID- 7128891 TI - Amebocytic accumulations in Biomphalaria glabrata: fine structure. AB - Internal pathologic conditions in four stocks of Biomphalaria glabrata involve amebocytes. Most snails exhibiting these conditions are also nonsusceptible to infection with Schistosoma mansoni. Fine structure studies reveal that periaortic and atrial amebocytic accumulations show two responses that involve heart tissue: a generalized response in which amebocytes have infiltrated the myocardium and focal areas of nodules in which heart tissue is encapsulated and destroyed. In pericardial accumulations amebocytes are subspherical at the periphery with their numerous filopodia intertwining; centrally they elongate and flatten to form a nodule. Hemocoelic accumulations are similar to pericardial ones but more compact. Hyalinocytes and granulocytes were both found in the four types of amebocytic accumulations; each contained phagocytized material. Acid phosphatase reaction product was detected in the Golgi bodies, primary phagosomes, multivesicular bodies and myelin bodies of granulocytes. PMID- 7128894 TI - Successful pregnancy after cyproheptadine treatment for Cushing's disease. AB - A patient with active Cushing's disease who became pregnant following treatment with cyproheptadine is described. Despite stopping the cyproheptadine treatment at 3 mth gestation, the previous amelioration of the clinical and biochemical features of the adrenal hyperfunction was maintained and the pregnancy progressed satisfactorily. Moreover, serial evaluation of maternal glucose tolerance proved to be normal and it is suggested that this matabolic aspect is an important determinant in the outcome of pregnancies occurring in patients with Cushing's syndrome. PMID- 7128895 TI - Plasma androgens, progestins, and prolactin in hirsutism. AB - Blood samples were obtained from 158 hirsute women for determination of dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DS), testosterone (T), progesterone (P), 17 alpha hydroxy-progesterone (17P) and prolactin (PRL). The percent frequency of elevated level of these hormones in hirsute women was: DS: 35%, T: 55%, P: 25%, 17P: 53% and PRL: 6%. The mean (+/-SE) levels of DS (2.36+/-0.1 microgram/ml) and T (714+/ 21 pg/ml) in hirsute women were elevated, both in the pre- and postovulatory phases; while 17P in hirsute women was decreased in the postovulatory phase (1.59+/-0.48 ng/ml) and increased in the preovulatory phase (1.51+/-0.18 ng/ml) when they were compared with their respective controls. PRL in postovulatory hirsute women was also lower (12.0+/-1.1 ng/ml) than the control. Sixty patients were subjected to a 2-wk dexamethasone (DXM) suppression test to determine the source of androgen excess. The results of DXM suppression test suggested that the sources of androgen excess in hirsute women were: ovarian: 33% adrenal: 25%, mixed (ovarian plus adrenal): 35%, and none: 7%. The results also suggested that excess progestins in hirsute women were attributed to either ovarian (P) or adrenal (17P) hypersecretion. Correlation analysis between these hormones showed a significant (P less than 0.05) correlation only between P vs. 17P, T vs. 17P, and T vs. DS. PMID- 7128896 TI - The in vitro synthesis and secretion of alkaline phosphatase from first trimester human decidua. AB - We studied the in vitro synthesis and secretion of alkaline phosphatase by human first trimester decidual tissue incubated in organ culture. Decidua synthesizes two different alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes; heat stable and heat labile. decidual tissue maintains a constant pool of alkaline phosphatases. The synthesis of alkaline phosphatase may be the driving force for its secretion. The de novo synthesis and secretion rate of alkaline phosphatases were also investigated. The higher specific radioactivities of the secreted enzymes than those found in the tissue may suggest that newly synthesized alkaline phosphatase is preferentially released. The intracellular distribution of the alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes was compared as well. The characteristics of the two isoenzymes are different in human decidua of maternal origin from those previously reported in the human placenta originating from embryonic stem cells. PMID- 7128897 TI - Objective evaluation of spermatozoa motility as influenced by fresh blood serum and normal saline. AB - In order to investigate the effect of fresh blood serum and normal saline on the motility of ejaculated spermatozoa, semen samples were collected from 7 fertile males, aged 25-39 yrs. Each sample was divided into 5 aliquots: one aliquot remained undiluted, and fresh blood serum from fertile men and normal saline were added to the others to produce 1:1 and 3:1 dilutions. Spermatozoal motility was evaluated objectively, every hour and for 4 h after ejaculation, by the multiple exposure photography method. It was found that serum from fertile men as well as normal saline caused a significant increase of spermatozoal velocity. However, spermatozoal velocity under the influence of serum from fertile men changed with time in a different way than in the undiluted aliquot and those diluted with normal saline. Thus, the beneficial effect of fresh blood serum on spermatozoal velocity, cannot only be attributed to the lowering of seminal viscosity and the reduction of sperm concentration caused by dilution, but to various substances present in blood serum. PMID- 7128898 TI - Male infertility due to absence of vas deferens. PMID- 7128900 TI - J.E. Markee: menstruation in intraocular endometrial transplants in the rhesus monkey. PMID- 7128899 TI - Microsurgical adhesiolysis: a comparative study of the CO2-laser and the microelectrode in experimental animals. PMID- 7128901 TI - H4-isozyme of lactate dehydrogenase in the solution of sodium chloride--II. The effect of ADP-ribose on the molecular weight. AB - 1. Large tetramer fractions were formed when ADP-ribose was added to H4-isozyme of lactate dehydrogenase. 2. In the presence of ADP-ribose, not only the increase in tetramers was observed but also the existence of octamers and aggregates. 3. The dimer fraction decreased markedly. 4. Two pathways in the formation of aggregates were suggested; one starting from monomers and the other from octamers. PMID- 7128904 TI - A hypothesis on protein folding in vivo. AB - 1. A hypothesis on protein folding in vivo based on the Poincare recursion argument is proposed and discussed. 2. It is postulated that protein folding in vivo proceeds through prefolded peptide segments which consist of 3 to 14 amino acids. 3. It is also shown that circular dichroism spectroscopy can successfully be applied for monitoring of the appearance of the correct tertiary structure of proteins. PMID- 7128902 TI - A comparison of hepatic adenylosuccinate lyase from rats fed either a chow diet or a semisynthetic basal diet low in riboflavin. AB - 1. AMPS Lyase which shows increased activity in both transplantable and primary hepatomas has been purified approximately 400-fold from both chow fed and basal fed rat liver. 2. The enzyme from basal fed rats shows subtle but significant differences from the enzyme from chow fed rats. Especially noted was the difference in effect of 100 mM Na+ on the enzyme from the two different sources after the whole liver had been frozen. 3. These differences may be related to the effects of starvation followed by refeeding or administration of either glucose or corn oil. PMID- 7128903 TI - Relatedness of acyl carrier proteins shown by amino acid compositions. AB - 1. Relatedness among the following carrier proteins was assessed on the basis of amino acid compositions: eight acyl carrier proteins (ACP's) associated with fatty acid synthesis, ACP's associated with citrate lyase and citramalate lyase, a biotin carboxyl carrier protein and cytochrome 552. Two independent indices of amino acid composition were used. 2. The fatty acid synthesis-associated ACP's of many organisms and the lyase-associated ACP's show a high degree of relatedness among one another. 3. The ACP's show no relatedness to biotin carboxyl carrier protein or cytochrome 552. PMID- 7128905 TI - Adenylate cyclase activity in plasma membranes of chicken liver and of Mc-29 virus induced hepatoma. AB - 1. Adenylate cyclase activity in homogenate and plasma membrane preparations from chicken liver and from Mc-29 virus induced transplantable hepatoma has been investigated. The basal enzyme activity from both liver and hepatoma homogenates and plasma membranes was similar. 2. NaF stimulated the enzyme activity in both liver and hepatoma plasma membranes, while only liver adenylate cyclase was activated by glucagon and epinephrine. 3. No inhibitory effect of insulin was established on liver and hepatoma enzyme activity. 4. Adenylate cyclase activity in liver and hepatoma plasma membranes was inhibited by colchicine at the same degree. PMID- 7128906 TI - Binding of basic proteins to glycoproteins in human bronchial secretions. AB - 1. Secretions were aspirated from a patient with no history of pulmonary disorder. 2. Mucus glycoproteins, which exhibited blood group A activity, were separated into cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (cetavlon)- and ethanol precipitable fractions. 3. The cetavlon-precipitable mucin was pure by analytical ultracentrifugation and upon chemical analysis had a composition typical for mucin preparations. 4. The fraction that precipitated with ethanol was found to bind tightly to proteins of a basic nature from which it could be separated by using 6 M urea. 5. This non-covalent interaction may explain the lack of precipitation of this mucus glycoprotein by cetavlon. 6. These basic proteins may be important in determining the rheological behavior of mucociliary secretions. PMID- 7128909 TI - Effects of pentoxifylline on cell shape, ATP content and deformability in rabbit erythrocytes under hyperosmolar conditions. AB - 1. Pentoxifylline (I) [3,7-dimethyl-1-(5-oxo-hexyl)-xanthine] (0-10(-3) M) inhibited the discocyte echinocyte transformation caused by hyperosmolarity and improved the impaired filtrability of erythrocytes due to hyperosmolarity. 2. The ATP content of erythrocytes was increased at low concentrations (0-3 x 10(-5) M) of I, but decreased at high concentrations (3 x 10(-5) M or above) of I. PMID- 7128907 TI - A modified neutral sucrose centrifugation method for rapid detection of DNA damaged by gamma-radiation and repair in human lymphocytes. AB - 1. The influence of 60Co gamma-radiation on the sedimentation behaviour of human lymphocyte nucleoids in neutral sucrose gradients was studied with the aid of a modified fluorescent monitor system consisting of the DNA-binding dye, Hoechst 33258 and a vertical centrifuge rotor. 2. A combined method employing the sedimentation procedure and the incorporation of tritiated nucleosides was utilized to evaluate the repair of gamma-radiated DNA. PMID- 7128908 TI - Factors which can influence beta-oxidation by peroxisomes isolated from livers of clofibrate treated rats. Some properties of peroxisomal fractions isolated in a self-generated Percoll gradient by vertical rotor centrifugation. AB - 1. Oxidation of radioactivity labeled acyl-CoA esters by apparently intact peroxisomes, isolated from rats treated with clofibrate, was stimulated by about 100% by added oxaloacetate. Added pyruvate gave much smaller stimulation. This stimulation is proposed to be due to re-oxidation of NADH generated during peroxisomal beta-oxidation of acyl-CoA esters. 2. Additions of these alpha ketoacids, and of CoA, were found to influence extent of peroxisomal beta oxidation of [U-14C]palmitoyl-CoA. Various concentrations of added CoA was markedly less inhibitory to oxidation of [14-14C]erucoyl-CoA and [10-14C]elaidoyl CoA, as compared to [U-14C]palmitoyl-CoA. 3. Added NADP+, at concentrations higher than 0.5 mM, added NADPH and NADH were inhibitory to peroxisomal beta oxidation of [U-14C]palmitoyl-CoA. Significant inhibition was found at concentrations which were too high for this to be of significance in vivo. PMID- 7128913 TI - In vivo changes in the rates of total lipid and fatty acid synthesis in liver and white adipose tissues of male rats during postweaning growth. AB - 1. In suckling rats, lipid synthesis is low in liver and adipose tissues. The rest of carcass is the major site of body lipogenesis. 2. After weaning, lipid synthesis (per g of wet wt) strongly increases in liver, perirenal and subcutaneous adipose tissues, and rest of carcass. The relative contributions of liver and both adipose tissues to body lipogenesis are about 35-40 and 6-9% respectively, but the rest of the carcass is still the main site of lipogenesis up to the age of 50 days. 3. In adult rats, lipid synthesis (per g of wet wt) remains high in liver but is strongly reduced in adipose tissues and carcass. Liver becomes the principal site of body lipogenesis. PMID- 7128910 TI - Fractionation of rat liver mitochondrial components after short treatments with Triton X-100. AB - 1. When rat liver mitochondria are treated with the non-ionic detergent Triton X 100, the solubilizing effects of the latter are already maximal after a few seconds. 2. We have developed a filtration technique that allows a fast separation of the solubilized and non-solubilized fractions. By means of this technique, we have been able to show differences in the solubilizing effect of Triton X-100 according to the physiological state of mitochondria. 3. In addition, the filtrate may be subjected to further fractionation by ultracentrifugation, by which two filtrate subfractions, supernatant and pellet, may be obtained. 4. Filtrates, supernatants and pellets differ from each other, and from intact mitochondria, in phospholipid and polypeptide composition, and possess a characteristic distribution of enzyme activities; they are also different from the ultrastructural point of view. 5. It is concluded that the combined techniques of short detergent treatments and fast filtration are useful in structural and functional studies of mitochondria and in the selective solubilization of mitochondrial components. PMID- 7128912 TI - Purification and characterization of animal porphobilinogen synthases--II. Dog liver porphobilinogen synthase. AB - 1. A method is described for the purification of porphobilinogen synthase (PBG-S) from dog liver (acetone dry powder; ammonium sulfate fractionation; controlled heat denaturation; ion exchange chromatography; gel filtration). The 911-fold purified enzyme with a specific activity of 372 mU/mg and 6.2 nkat/mg enzyme protein, respectively, appears as a single band in disc electrophoresis. 2. The optimum pH of the enzyme is 6.8; the Michaelis constant Km = 1.77 x 10(-4) M with 5-amino-levulinic acid as substrate. 3. The determination of the molecular weight of the native multisubunit enzyme (268,000 dalton) and of the subunit (33,500 dalton) are in favour of an octameric structure. 4. The acyl group blocking the N terminus has been identified as an acetyl group (hydrazinolysis; dansylation; TLC; HPLC). 5. The amino acid composition of the PBG-S subunit is as follows CH3CO-NH-(Asx22Thr9-10Ser18Glx28-29Pro20-21Gly22Ala35-37Val23-25Met5 Ile8-9Leu32 33Tyr10Phe12Lys12Cys3His7Arg22Trp3)-Ala-Leu-COOH. 6. In the presence of ganidinium chloride only one free sulfhydryl group per subunit (3 cysteine residues) could be detected. 7. The purified enzyme contains 0.56 gram atoms of zinc per octamer (neutron activating analysis). PMID- 7128914 TI - Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate dependent reduction of mammalian hepatic microsomal cytochrome b5: some properties of the enzyme system catalyzing the endogenous reduction of pyridine nucleotides. AB - 1. An enzyme system is present in mouse hepatic microsomes which is capable of reducing NAD+ and NADP+ and, consequently, of reducing cytochrome b5 in the absence of other externally added cofactors. 2. A similar enzyme system is also present in hepatic microsomes of rat and rabbit. 3. The rates of reduction of cytochrome b5 and auto-oxidation of reduced cytochrome b5 were, however, much slower in NAD+ supplemented reaction media than in those supplemented with NADH. 4. The effects of sulfhydryl reagents, chelating agents and divalent cations are reported. PMID- 7128915 TI - Interrelationships between gluconeogenesis and uricogenesis in chicken liver. AB - 1. Experiments performed on isolated hepatocytes and perfused liver of starved chickens showed that gluconeogenesis from lactate, glycerol and fructose was inhibited by 22-100% on addition of urate precursors. 2. The inhibition was associated with an increased rate of urate formation. 3. 2,4-Dinitrophenol (40 microM), 2-bromooctanoate (2 mM) and 3-mercaptopicolinate (3MPA) (0.5 mM) were inhibitory with respect to gluconeogenesis but did not significantly affect the rate of urate formation. 4. The possible interrelationships between gluconeogenesis and uricogenesis are considered in terms of a competition for ATP and for other metabolites between the two pathways. 5. An interplay of both pathways at the level of anion transfer across the inner mitochondrial membrane is also discussed. PMID- 7128916 TI - Oral contraceptives in the 1980s. PMID- 7128911 TI - Inhibition of anaerobic glycolysis in bovine retina extracts by salicylate and acetylsalicylate. AB - 1. Na salicylate 31 mM inhibits anaerobic glycolysis from glucose in bovine retina extracts. The formation rate of DAP and GAP increases while that of FDP, G6P, F6P and lactate decreases. All the above modifications are almost completely removed by 1.4 mM NAD+. 2. Bovine retina extracts, preincubated for 1 hr at 0 degrees C with 31 mM Na salicylate show a strongly reduced glycolytic activity. In this system G6P and F6P do accumulate, FDP, DAP, GAP and lactate decrease. These effects are not altered adding 3.5 mM NAD+ to the preincubation mixture. 3. Acetylsalicylate 31 mM inhibits anaerobic glycolysis in crude retina extracts. As the rate of lactate formation decreases, G6P and F6P do accumulate, while FDP, DAP and GAP diminish. 4. Identical modifications are observed adding the inhibitor directly to the incubation mixture, or preincubating it with the extracts at 0 degrees C for 4 hr. 3.5 mM NAD+ does not remove the effects of acetylsalicylate. PMID- 7128918 TI - Effects of progesterone on uptake and metabolism of 17 beta-estradiol by mouse uterine luminal epithelium. AB - The influence of progesterone (P4) pretreatment on the uptake and retention of [3H]estradiol-17 beta ([3H]E2) in whole uterus and luminal epithelium was examined in ovariectomized mice. After s.c. injection of 50 ng [3H]E2 uterine, epithelial and epithelial nuclear levels of radioactivity were maximal 3 h post injection: maximum epithelial levels were sustained from 3 to 6 h in Pa-treated, but not control tissue. P4 treatment did not significantly alter the proportion of epithelial or uterine radioactivity recovered as [3H]E2, or the intracellular distribution of the hormone. Preparation of epithelial suspensions in buffer containing excess 17 beta-estradiol (E2) did not significantly alter their [3H]E2 content. After intraluminal injection of 100 pg [3H]E2 rates of loss from uterine, epithelial and epithelial nuclear preparations did not differ significantly between control and P4-treated tissues. We conclude that P4 does not inhibit E2-induced luminal epithelial mitosis by preventing E2 reaching the epithelial cells and nuclei, by changing its distribution in the tissue, or by increasing its rate of loss from the tissue or its metabolism to less active estrogens like estrone. PMID- 7128919 TI - Summary of the proceedings of the Second European Testis Workshop, The Netherlands, 11-14 May 1982. PMID- 7128917 TI - Importance of the alkylaminoethoxy side-chain for the estrogenic and antiestrogenic actions of tamoxifen and trioxifene in the immature rat uterus. PMID- 7128920 TI - Physicochemical analysis of glucocorticoid receptor in the immature pituitary gland: evidence for lability and aggregation of the heat-activated form. AB - The present study was aimed at characterizing the deficiency of the glucocorticoid-receptor system in the immature pituitary gland of neonatal rats. Under conditions of both constant protein and DNA concentrations, [3H]dexamethasone binding to nuclei was significantly lower in the immature, compared with the mature, glands, despite the comparable density of receptor sites. Chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel columns revealed the failure of the neonatal receptor to form stable activated complexes, although the dissociation of tracer from binding sites, as well as the magnitude of receptor activation, remained closely similar to those found for the adult binder. Also, a striking observation was that the immature receptor exhibited the property of forming more than twice as much inactive aggregate as the mature component, when heat activated in presence of KCl. It thus seems that development of full expression of glucocorticoid-binding activity in the pituitary involves qualitative changes of both the receptor molecules and the cytoplasmic environment, that tend to enhance stability of the activated form of the binder. PMID- 7128926 TI - Development of sympathetic neurons in compartmentalized cultures. Il Local control of neurite growth by nerve growth factor. PMID- 7128923 TI - Glucocorticoids directly affect the synthesis of ribosomal RNA in rat-liver cells. AB - Administration of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone to rats significantly stimulated the synthesis of ribosomal RNA by hepatic nuclei in vitro, as determined by hybridization to plasmid DNA containing the appropriate gene from X. laevis. This effect was also seen in rats in which RNA polymerase B had previously been blocked by the administration of alpha-amanitin. RNA synthesized in response to the hormone hybridized to both the 5' and 3' end of the gene for the precursor to ribosomal RNA. We conclude from these data that the steroid directly affects transcription of the ribosomal gene without obligatory participation of RNA polymerase B and hence the intermittent production of mRNA or its translation products. PMID- 7128921 TI - Direct inhibitory effect of estrogen on LH-stimulated androgen synthesis by ovarian cells cultured in defined medium. AB - The direct inhibitory effect of estrogen on ovarian androgen synthesis was investigated. When primary cultures of rat ovarian theca-interstitial cells were grown in defined medium with LH there was a marked increase in androgen synthesis of which 98% was androsterone (control = 11 +/- 2 ng; LH = 1219 +/- 217 ng/ml/10(6) cells). Diethylstilbestrol (DES), estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), and estriol (E3) inhibited LH-stimulated androsterone synthesis by 81%, 81%, 81%, and 47%, respectively. The ED50's of the estrogens were: DES = 4.2 +/- 2.1 X 10(-9) M; E1 = E2 = 9.5 +/- 2.4 X 10(-8) M; and E3 = 3.8 +/- 2.6 X 10(-7) M. The estrogen effect was very rapid (t1/2 = 10 min) and long-lasting. Metabolic studies revealed that estrogen inhibited androsterone, androstenedione, 5 alpha androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol, and testosterone accumulation by 80%, dehydroepiandrosterone and 17 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone by 40%, 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone by 30%, while pregnenolone and progesterone were unchanged. These results prove, for the first time, that estrogen can directly inhibit LH stimulated androgen production in ovarian theca-interstitial cells and suggest that mechanism involves, at least in part, a rapid selective inhibition of the 17 alpha-hydroxylase/C17-20 desmolase activities. PMID- 7128922 TI - Effects of serum-free defined medium on MCF-7 cell nuclear estrogen-receptor levels. AB - We have examined the effects of serum-free defined medium on filled and unfilled nuclear estrogen-receptor levels in the MCF-7 breast tumor cell line. Transfer of the cells to defined medium resulted in an initial increase in nuclear receptor levels, primarily of unfilled receptors, followed by a decrease of both receptor types to starting levels. Cells maintained in 10% fetal calf serum-containing medium, and sampled identically to those transferred to defined medium, exhibited a gradual but continuous increase in filled nuclear receptor levels accompanied by a decrease in unfilled receptors occurring toward the end of the 1-week experimental period. These results suggest that experiments requiring maximal depletion of endogenous MCF-7 nuclear estrogen will be optimized by repeated washing with estrogen-depleted medium, while limited washing with the same medium may be counter-productive. PMID- 7128924 TI - Studies on the kinetics of dopamine-regulated prolactin secretion. AB - The regulation of prolactin (PRL) release by dopamine has been studied using short-term dissociated rat pituitary cell cultures. Concentrations of dopamine between 10(-12) and 10(-10) M stimulate PRL release, whereas concentrations between 10(-9) and 10(-7) M inhibit. By studying the kinetics of PRL release it was found that (1) the rate of PRL release increases only after a post-stimulus delay of 20 min, and (2) the response is phasic, stimulatory intervals being separated by intervals in which the rate of PRL release falls below the level of basal release. Inhibition of PRL release by dopamine occurs within 10 min after adding dopamine and is maintained tonically for a least 2 h. Cells treated with non-specific secretogogue (57 mM K+) during the inhibitory phases of dopamine regulated release, are stimulated to secrete significant amounts of hormone. PMID- 7128927 TI - Fate and regulation of anterior-like cells in Dictyostelium slugs. PMID- 7128925 TI - Failure of dopamine and bromocriptine to affect prolactin release and cell growth in the dopamine receptor-deficient 235-1 clone. AB - The 235-1 clone was recently derived from the 7315a transplantable pituitary tumor and continues to secrete rat prolactin. The cells have a prominent Golgi apparatus which can be stained immunocytochemically for prolactin, but there were no 600-900 nm granules which are characteristic of normal mammotrophs. In a perfused cell-column apparatus, prolactin release from the clone was unchanged by dopaminergic agonists, thyrotropin-releasing hormone and estradiol but stimulated by dibutyryl cyclic AMP. Cellular cyclic AMP content was also not changed by dopamine but was dramatically enhanced by prostaglandin E1, indicating that at least one hormone-adenylate cyclase coupling mechanism was functional. In radioligand binding studies using the dopamine antagonist [3H]spiperone, no evidence of a dopamine receptor was obtained. The [3H]spiperone binding present was not stereoselective, and exceedingly high concentrations of other ligands were required to displace the binding. In addition, the induction of a prolactin secreting hard tumor in rats by subcutaneous inoculation of the 235-1 cells failed to induce measurable dopamine receptors associated with the tumor cells. In order to address the possibility that there were functional dopamine receptors on these cells, but that they could not be resolved with either the cell column and cyclic AMP studies or the radioreceptor assay, the clone cells were incubated with 0.1-100 nM bromocriptine for up to 8 days. Bromocriptine had no effect on the growth rate or prolactin secretion of the 235-1 clone but inhibited prolactin release from anterior pituitary cells by over 73% in control studies. We conclude that the 235-1 clone does not express dopamine receptors and that the presence of dopamine receptors is obligatory for the typical inhibitory effects of bromocriptine on prolactin release and pituitary cell growth. PMID- 7128928 TI - Development of sympathetic neurons in compartmentalized cultures. II. Local control of neurite survival by nerve growth factor. PMID- 7128929 TI - Cell-specific transcriptional regulation of the major sperm protein in Caenorhabditis elegans. PMID- 7128930 TI - Postembryonic nongonadal cell lineages of the nematode Panagrellus redivivus: description and comparison with those of Caenorhabditis elegans. PMID- 7128932 TI - Conditional lethality associated with macronuclear development in Tetrahymena thermophila. PMID- 7128931 TI - Axon growth from limb motoneurons in the locust embryo: the effect of target limb removal on the path taken out of the central nervous system. PMID- 7128933 TI - Commitment during stenotele differentiation in Hydra is localized near the S/G2 boundary in the terminal cell cycle. PMID- 7128935 TI - The structure of 180 degrees supernumerary limbs and a hypothesis of their formation. PMID- 7128934 TI - Biochemical and ontogenetic aspects of glycoprotein synthesis in Drosophila virilis salivary glands. PMID- 7128936 TI - Elvax 40P implants: sustained, local release of bioactive molecules influencing mammary ductal development. PMID- 7128937 TI - Mitogenic property of the apical ectodermal ridge. PMID- 7128938 TI - Formation of prechondrogenic mesenchymal cell aggregates in the regenerating newt limb. PMID- 7128940 TI - Immunization of adult birds with inactivated oil adjuvant vaccines. Proceedings of a symposium: International Association of Biological Standardization. Ecole Veterinaire de Lyon, France, June 25-27, 1981. PMID- 7128941 TI - Seeing is believing: a personal perspective on research strategy in developmental psychobiology. PMID- 7128942 TI - The role of perioral sensation in nipple attachment by weanling rat pups. AB - Injecting .05 ml of 1% lidocaine into each vibrissal pad, or cutting the infraorbital nerves, abolished nipple attachment in weanling Wistar rat pups. Nipple attachment recovered following infraorbital section. Injecting the local anesthetic intraperitoneally, or into the region of the masseter muscles, did not disrupt attachment, indicating that the effect of the drug on suckling was specific to the site of injection and could not be attributed to systemic toxicity or paralysis of the masseter muscles. Performance on an olfactory-guided orientation task was not disrupted by lidocaine, indicating that the drug did not render pups anosmic. Tactile sensation in the vibrissal pads, rhinarium, and upper lip was abolished after injecting the drug into the vibrissal pads. Vibrissal movement was absent following injection of lidocaine into either the vibrissal pads or the region of the masseter muscles. Shaving the vibrissae did not disrupt nipple attachment. The results are interpreted as suggesting that the nipples' textural qualities elicit attachment in weanling pups. PMID- 7128944 TI - Ultrasounds in neonatal rats: novel, predator and conspecific odor cues. AB - Neonatal rat ultrasound repetition rates were monitored in response to 6 odor cues, including 1 novel, 2 predator, and 3 conspecific olfactory stimuli. Contrary to predictions of previous studies, predator odor did not elicit consistently low call rates. A significant difference was detected between litters tested with the same odor cue for the foreign and predator odor treatments. Odor was the only significant effect to explain differences in neonatal ultrasonic responses to conspecific odor treatments. Call rates recorded for the novel lactating female odor were significantly greater than those for the home bedding and adult male odors. Odors associated with the home cage or with an adult male elicited low call rates. PMID- 7128943 TI - Effects of body build and arousal on newborn infant stepping. AB - Newborn stepping is widely believed to be a "primitive reflex" whose disappearance signals cortical maturation. Observations of normal newborns showed that the number of steps was directly related to generalized behavioral arousal. In less highly distressed infants, those who were relatively heavier for their length stepped less. These results challenge the view that stepping is reflexively released by the upright posture and support the hypothesis that the movements disappear because infants' muscle strength may not be sufficient to lift their increasingly heavy legs. PMID- 7128939 TI - Spatial and temporal patterns of cell death in limb bud mesoderm after apical ectodermal ridge removal. PMID- 7128946 TI - Acquisition and waning of exposure-induced attraction to a nonnatural odor in rat pups. AB - The present experiments examine acquisition and waning of exposure-induced attraction to a nonnatural odor in rat pups. I found that (1) acquisition of attraction induced by experience of an odor associated with the mother (M-E) and of attraction induced by experience of an odor in the general environment (S-E) had similar time courses and were of similar magnitude in pups less than 20 days of age; (2) waning of S-E-induced attraction to a nonnatural odor was far more rapid than waning of M-E-induced attraction; (3) M-E and S-E to an odor were less effective in pups greater than 20 days of age than in pups less than 20 days of age; and (4) although pups greater than 20 days of age receiving M-E to an odor exhibited enhanced attraction to that odor, pups of equal age receiving S-E to the same odor did not. PMID- 7128945 TI - Sexual imprinting in male Japanese quail: the effects of castration at hatching. AB - This study investigated whether gonadal hormones are required for sexual imprinting in male Japanese quail during the period of exposure to the imprinting stimulus. Brown males were either castrated or laparotomized on the day of hatching. Between Days 10 and 30 of age castrated males (N = 15) and intact laparotomized males (N = 10) were exposed individually to white females. A 2nd group of intact laparotomized males (N = 13) were exposed to brown females. When adult (Day 54), 7 of the castrated males were treated with testosterone propionate (TP): the remaining 8 castrated males and intact groups received saline. All males were given choices between novel white and novel brown females starting on Day 62. The TP-treated castrated males behaved like intact white exposed males, preferring to approach and copulate with white females significantly more readily than did intact brown-exposed males. The untreated castrated males showed no sexual behavior. The results indicate that gonadal hormones are not required during the period of exposure to an imprinting stimulus in male Japanese quail. PMID- 7128947 TI - Levels of trypsin and alpha-chymotrypsin in feces from patients with Crohn's disease. PMID- 7128948 TI - Function of the internal anal sphincter and rectal sensitivity in idiopathic constipation. AB - Anal manometry was performed in 8 control individuals (group A) and in 13 patients with idiopathic constipation (group B), 6 of whom were grouped apart (group C) because of an elective delay of the intestinal transit in the rectum. The basal pressure of the internal anal sphincter, the rectal inflation volume necessary to elicit the rectoanal inhibitory reflex, and the duration of the reflex were not significantly different in the three groups, while the maximal amplitude of the reflex was significantly lower in group C at 10 and 100 cm3 of rectal distension. However, the amplitude of the sphincteric relaxation and the rectal inflation volumes were significantly correlated (p less than 0.001) in the three groups. The rectal sensitivity was lower in the patient groups and particularly in group C (p less than 0.05 vs. controls up to 50 cm3 of rectal distension). The results obtained do not support the 'outlet obstruction' hypothesis as a mechanism of idiopathic constipation and point out that rectal hyposensitivity seems to be the only abnormality in these patients, particularly in those with an elective delay of the transit in the rectum. PMID- 7128950 TI - Immature parietal cells in healing gastric wounds respond to stimulation. An experimental study in rats. AB - Ulcers were produced in the gastric mucosa in rats. After 90 days of healing, one group of animals was given pentagastrin and carbacholine via continuous subcutaneous infusion. After 1 h the animals were killed and the wounds and normal mucosa beside the wounds were prepared for electron microscopy. Stereological analyses of regenerating parietal cells from the wounds revealed that stimulation by the secretagogues increased the secretory surface density by some 76%. pH studies were performed in the wounds in another group of animals after the same stimulation as above, and it was found that the secretory product was acid. Thus, immature parietal cells in healing gastric wounds reacted normally to the secretagogues given and they were able to secrete HCl. PMID- 7128949 TI - Duodenal ulcer in chronic relapsing pancreatitis. AB - Frequency of duodenal ulcer in patients with chronic pancreatitis is still controversial. This study aims to prospectively investigate the frequency of duodenal ulcer in a group of 190 patients (162 males and 28 females) affected by chronic relapsing pancreatitis admitted to our department between 1970 and 1979. 41 cases (21.5%) were endoscopically observed (22% of the males and 17.9% of the females; male:female ratio 1.2:1). Drinking habits, cigarette consumption, presence of pancreatic calcifications and surgery did not affect the frequency of duodenal ulcer. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, as fecal fat excretion higher than 7 g/day, seems to be linked with an increased frequency of duodenal ulcer (exact Fisher's test: p = 0.0586). Moreover, duodenal ulcer was present in about one third of the patients who afterwards died, but it was the cause of death in only 1 case. Even if a prospective control population is lacking, the male:female ratio of duodenal ulcer in chronic pancreatitis seems to be different from that observed in a comparable hospitalized group (1.2:1 vs. 2.4:1) and from that reported in literature in the general adult population. PMID- 7128951 TI - Absorption of folic acid, water and electrolytes in apparently normal proximal jejunum of patients with Crohn's disease studied by the technique of intestinal perfusion. PMID- 7128952 TI - Esophageal ulceration due to indomethacin. PMID- 7128953 TI - Chronic anicteric intrahepatic cholestasis associated with ankylosing spondylitis. Beneficial treatment by clofibrate. AB - A case of anicteric idiopathic intrahepatic cholestasis in association with ankylosing spondylitis is described. No primary cause for the cholestatic syndrome was found and the liver histology was repeatedly normal. Results of treatment with clofibrate (2 g daily) were very satisfactory, as the symptoms and signs of cholestasis had gradually subsided. Discontinuation of the treatment was followed rapidly by a recurrence of the cholestasis with a new improvement after restarting treatment. The beneficial mechanism of action of clofibrate on the intrahepatic cholestasis in the case described remains speculative. PMID- 7128954 TI - Oral keto analogs of branched-chain amino acids in hyperammonemia in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. A double-blind crossover study. AB - Previous uncontrolled studies indicated a positive effect of keto analogs of amino acids on plasma ammonia in patients with cirrhosis of the liver and on portal-systemic encephalopathy. In the present double-blind study the influence of keto analogs of the branched chain amino acids valine, leucine and isoleucine on plasma ammonia and encephalopathy was investigated in 12 patients with cirrhosis of the liver and surgical portal systemic shunts. In addition to the usual therapy with lactulose and protein restriction (40 g protein/day) all patients received 15.24 g keto analogs and placebo orally over 4 weeks in a crossover regimen. In contrast to uncontrolled studies, plasma ammonia, which was elevated in all patients before the beginning of the study, was not significantly changed. In addition plasma amino acids, electroencephalogram, number connection test, clinical state and laboratory tests were not influenced by the therapy with keto analogs. PMID- 7128955 TI - Effect of ethanol on biliary unconjugated bilirubin and its implication in pigment gallstone pathogenesis in humans. AB - Though some epidemiological investigations support the association between pigment gallstone formation and chronic alcoholism with cirrhosis, little attention has been paid to the influence of alcohol itself on biliary bilirubin secretion, so that the pathogenesis of pigment cholelithiasis in alcoholics is hitherto unknown. On different days we intravenously administered ethanol (0.7 g/kg body weight), diluted with 500 ml of saline, or saline alone to 6 non-obese patients with an indwelling T tube and reestablished enterohepatic bile circulation. At the time of the investigation bile cultures were negative for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Ethanol significantly increased biliary unconjugated bilirubin in respect to control values. The phenomenon reached a maximum 2 h after alcohol infusion when the value of unconjugated bilirubin averaged 2.37 +/- 0.30% of total bilirubin in contrast to 0.65 +/- 0.14% in control conditions (p less than 0.01), and subsided 6 h after the end of ethanol infusion. Since increased amounts of biliary unconjugated bilirubin predispose to pigment stone formation, it can be speculated that alcohol contributes to pigment cholelithiasis pathogenesis by enhancing the biliary concentrations of this form of pigment. PMID- 7128956 TI - Removal of circulating gastrin and cholecystokinin into the lumen of the small intestine. AB - This study was undertaken to investigate the mechanism by which the small intestine removes circulating gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK). A 100-cm (acute study, 10 dogs) or a 50-cm (chronic study, 5 dogs) segment of midjejunum was excluded in all 15 dogs. The excluded loop was perfused with 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), which was constantly recirculated by a peristaltic pump. It the acute control study (5 dogs), gastrin concentrations in the intestinal perfusate were increased gradually to a level of 320 +/- 49 pg/ml at 90 min (i.e., 7.6 +/- 0.9 times higher than serum gastrin levels). In the antrectomy group (5 dogs), perfusate gastrin concentrations were greatly decreased after antrectomy, in consonance with the decrease in serum gastrin concentrations. In the chronic study (5 dogs), perfusate gastrin concentrations were significantly increased after food stimulation, in consonance with the increase in serum gastrin concentrations. CCK was also released into the bowel lumen in considerable amounts basally and after endogenous release. Although one cannot exclude the possibility that a considerable amount of gastrin or CCK in the lumen may originate from the bowel segment, this study shows that the small bowel removes gastrin and CCK from the circulation by their secretion into the bowel lumen. Loss of this mechanism might partially explain the rise in gastrin levels that is observed in some patients after extensive small bowel resections. PMID- 7128958 TI - An international study of mortality from inflammatory bowel disease. AB - The mortality rates from inflammatory bowel disease were compared for the period 1965-1975 in 12 different countries. Mortality was greatest in north-western Europe and least in the southern hemisphere in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. In seven of the countries, mortality from Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis were recorded separately and, during the period, mortality from Crohn's disease increased in all but one country, in contrast to ulcerative colitis where a fall occurred in each country. In those countries where one of the disease was common, the other was usually also common. The findings suggest that Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis may have some common aetiological factors and the country of residence is more important than race. PMID- 7128957 TI - Gut hormone responses in subjects with a permanent ileostomy. AB - The fasting and postprandial levels of insulin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, gastrin, motilin, human pancreatic polypeptide, enteroglucagon and neurotensin have been measured in 10 subjects with a permanent ileostomy and in 10 healthy control subjects matched for age and sex. Most of the levels were similar in the two groups but the group that had undergone ileostomies had significantly raised basal motilin and postprandial neurotensin levels while the basal enteroglucagon levels were significantly low. The possible implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 7128960 TI - Salivary secretion in chronic pancreatitis with special reference to albumin and lactoferrin. AB - Saliva from one parotid gland was collected under citric acid stimulation in three groups consisting of 69 control subjects and two groups consisting of 25 patients with chronic and relapsing chronic pancreatitis. Mixed saliva was collected under mechanical stimulation from 10 patients and 6 control subjects. Flow rates and the contents of bicarbonate, amylase and protein were determined. In a subgroup of patients and controls albumin and lactoferrin were measured. Wide inter- and intraindividual variations of secretory values were observed and normal values (which are reported in detail) were highly dependent from conditions of stimulation. Secretory patterns were not significantly different between patients and control subjects. It is concluded that the alterations leading to an elevation of albumin and lactoferrin and a fall in other secretory values are restricted to the exocrine pancreas and do not affect salivary glands in chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 7128962 TI - Isolated colonic loop in the rabbit: an in vivo system for studying intestinal mucus. AB - A method for preparing an isolated colonic loop (Thiry-Vella) in a living rabbit is described. The loop, with its intact neurovascular supply, continues to secrete clear colonic mucus for more than 2 months. The chemical composition of the mucus, collected daily for 2 months, was analyzed and shown to be a high molecular weight glycoprotein composed of approximately equimolar amounts of protein and carbohydrate. The main sugars found were N-acetylgalactosamine, N acetylglucosamine, galactose, and sialic acid. The most prominent amino acids were threonine, aspartic acid, glycine and serine. A considerable flattening and atrophy of the glandular structure of the isolated colonic loop was observed during the 2 months. This fact did not markedly affect the amount and chemical composition of the mucus that was collected daily from this loop. This model can be used in vivo to investigate colonic mucus in normal and diseased animals, or even following the administration of various drugs. PMID- 7128963 TI - Dietary effects on very low-density lipoproteins in type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus. AB - To evaluate possible influences of dietary intervention on the composition of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), ten subjects with Type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus received a hypocaloric regimen. Fifteen healthy subjects served as controls. Ultracentrifuged VLDL were analysed as cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B (apo B), and the soluble apolipoproteins C and E (polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in urea and densitometry) before the study, after 2 weeks and then after 3 months. Compared with the control subjects, the content of cholesterol and apo E in the VLDL was elevated in the diabetic subjects, while the area ratio of apo C-II to apo C-III1 was lowered. After diet the reduction in VLDL was accompanied by compositional changes: a decrease of the cholesterol/triglyceride ratio and of the apo E/apo C area ratio. The apo C II/apo C-III1 area ratio remained unaffected. We conclude that one beneficial effect of therapeutic intervention in diabetes may lie in lowering the level of possibly atherogenic VLDL-components. PMID- 7128961 TI - Glucose-induced release of neurotensin after gastric surgery. AB - The plasma concentration of neurotensin was investigated in 15 patients and 6 healthy persons after oral administration of hypertonic glucose. 8 patients had total gastrectomy, 7 patients had partial gastrectomy of Billroth II type, and 6 nonoperated persons were used as controls. In the gastrectomized patients, the neurotensin concentration increased significantly from 2.0 (n.d.-7.4) pM to 62.4 (12.0-270) pM, in the B II resected patients from 0.9 (0.2-4.2) pM to 4.6 (0.9 59.2) pM. In the unoperated persons the corresponding neurotensin concentrations were 1.7 (0.9-3.4) and 2.2 (0.8-5.3) pM, which were not significantly different. No correlation between neurotensin concentration and dumping symptoms was seen. PMID- 7128959 TI - Postprandial acid secretion and serum gastrin response before and after exclusion of the proximal small intestine in cats. AB - The Heidenhain pouch acid output to graded does of pentagastrin and the maximal Heidenhain pouch acid and serum gastrin responses to feeding were determined in conscious cats before and after exclusion of the proximal small intestine. Exclusion did not change the secretory capacity and sensitivity of the oxyntic glands to pentagastrin. The acid and gastrin (components III and IV) responses to feeding were also unaltered. Duodenal gastrin is therefore of no significance for the postprandial acid response. Nevertheless, the duodenum is implicated in the postprandial acid secretion, since food in the duodenum release a factor that augments the maximal acid response to exogenous gastrin. The unchanged postprandial acid response after exclusion implies that this factor is not localized exclusively in the proximal small intestine. PMID- 7128965 TI - Mortality and morbidity of diabetes in Papua New Guinea. AB - A 95% follow-up of all known diabetic patients in one racial group in Papua New Guinea was performed. Mortality was high with an average life-span of 4-5 years from the time of diagnosis. Microvascular diabetic complications were detected in over half of the surviving diabetic patients whose average duration of known disease was 3.8 years. At present, diabetes mellitus is both a rapidly fatal and morbid disease in Papua New Guinea. PMID- 7128964 TI - Effect of aspirin on platelet aggregation in diabetes mellitus. AB - The effect of aspirin n vitro and in vivo on platelet aggregation has been studied in 13 diabetic subjects without retinopathy, 16 diabetic subjects with retinopathy and 20 age- and sex-matched control subjects. The rate, degree and duration of collagen-induced aggregation were greater in the diabetic patients (p less than 0.05; p less than 0.01; p less than 0.05). The residual aggregation in vivo was greater in all diabetic patients with aspirin, whilst it only occurred in vitro in patients without retinopathy. A decreased latent period was seen in diabetic patients, to a greater extent in those with retinopathy. Significant differences in the rate, degree and duration of arachidonic acid-induced aggregation were also seen in patients with retinopathy treated with aspirin (p less than 0.05; p less than 0.01; p less than 0.05). Disaggregation only occurred with aspirin in vitro and was more frequently seen in normal subjects. PMID- 7128966 TI - The pancreatic polypeptide-rich lobe of the human pancreas: definitive identification of its derivation from the ventral pancreatic primordium. PMID- 7128967 TI - Exercise-induced proteinuria in diabetic children. PMID- 7128968 TI - Eighteenth annual meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Budapest, Hungary, 1-4 September 1982. Abstracts. PMID- 7128969 TI - Sweetness in the diabetic diet. PMID- 7128970 TI - The role of the pharmaceutical industry in diabetes research. PMID- 7128974 TI - The course of impaired glucose tolerance. PMID- 7128971 TI - Glucose control in mobile type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients by means of a semi-automatic feedback controlled insulin infusion system. AB - A portable insulin dosing device (Siemens) was used together with a programmable pocket calculator and a glucose analyzer for short-term adaptation of continuous intravenous insulin infusion to blood glucose alterations. A special algorithm was developed which utilizes a given blood glucose value and the glucose rate of change obtained from two to four consecutive samples as input variables. In contrast to current techniques of feedback-regulation, which require continuous glucose monitoring, intermittent blood sampling allows greater mobility of patients. With the semi-automatic feedback system, euglycaemic control was obtained for 12-h periods in ten Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients (maximum value 9.50 mmol/l, minimum value 2.83 mmol/l). Severe hypoglycaemia occurred in no case and additional control by glucose infusion appeared to be unnecessary. Light exercise after termination of insulin dose for standard meals led to glycaemic excursions with a rapid decrease (mean 1.08 +/- 0.09 mmol/l), followed by a rebound (0.59 +/- 0.07 mmol/l) in each patient. The amplitude of these excursions decreased with increasing distance from the peak of the meal dose. Comparison of feedback-control alone with feedback by glucose plus preprogrammed dose (4 U/h) at the onset of the test meal revealed lower post prandial glucose levels (post-prandial maximum +/- SEM: 6.49 +/- 0.18 versus 7.71 +/- 0.79 mmol/l) and a lower infusion rate of insulin for the combined regimen (mean post-prandial maximum +/- SEM: 8.4 +/- 1.2 versus 12.0 +/- 0 IU/h). The system is useful for programming of portable infusion devices and studies based on euglycaemic control in unrestrained patients. PMID- 7128972 TI - Assessment of the outcome of an educational programme of diabetes self-care. AB - The efficacy of our current educational programme for diabetic patients was assessed. Cognitive and behavioural tests were administered to 75 Type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetic patients, aged less than or equal to 30 years attending the Diabetic Clinic of the Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. An overall deficiency in knowledge was evident. Fifty-one patients responded incorrectly to greater than 20% of the items tested. Twenty-nine patients lacked the ability to communicate a simple understanding of diabetes. Whereas most (70 +) correctly identified the methodology of urinalysis, uncertainty was evident concerning appropriate action needed in response to such tests. Forty-nine did not know the significance of thirst and polyuria and 20 were unaware that hyperglycaemia could progress to coma. The ability to modify insulin dosage was poor as was the ability to use exchanges. Of patients aged greater than or equal to 20 years, those from the Dublin region scored better than did those from surrounding towns or rural areas, (r = 0.5; p less than 0.01). Regular out-patient attenders scored less well than non-attenders (r = 0.24; p less than 0.05) but had better glycosylated haemoglobin levels (r = 0.3; p less than 0.01). Gycosylated haemoglobin showed no significant correlation with level of knowledge held. PMID- 7128973 TI - Assessment of diabetic control by measurement of urinary glycopeptides. AB - The relationship between improvement in diabetic control and changes in levels of glycosylated urinary peptides was investigated. Eight poorly controlled Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients were studied as optimal metabolic control was achieved. Mean daily blood glucose values and weekly haemoglobin A1 levels were determined simultaneously. Urinary glycosylated peptide levels fell 50% in 15 days, compared with 23 days for haemoglobin A1. Levels of glycosylated urinary peptides were sensitive to increased mean blood glucose concentrations of 9.72 mmol/l and increased linearly up to 20.0 mmol/l (r = 0.98) when compared with mean blood glucose levels obtained 8-9 days earlier. A similar correlation was found with haemoglobin A1 levels. Levels of glycosylated urinary peptides before and after optimal control were compared, and a decrease of 40% was observed (pre control: 269 +/- 44 mumol/day, optimal control: 162 +/- 45 mumol/day, mean +/- SEM). The lag time between the fall in mean blood glucose level and the parallel fall in glycosylated urinary peptides was 8-9 days, suggesting that measurement of these compounds may become a useful clinical laboratory technique for monitoring short-term integrated glycaemia in diabetic patients. PMID- 7128975 TI - 'Tear gas' for the diagnosis of diabetic autonomic neuropathy? PMID- 7128976 TI - Ovarian cells participate in the formation of tubular structures in mouse/rat heterosexual gonadal cocultures: a direct demonstration by in situ hybridization. AB - In situ hybridization of a mouse-specific satellite DNA probe has been used to identify mouse cells in heterosexual reaggregates of rat ovarian and mouse testicular cells. It has been shown that rat ovarian cells cooperate in forming testis tubules. The significance of this is discussed in terms of H-Y antigen. PMID- 7128977 TI - H-Y antigen expression in temperature sex-reversed turtles (Emys orbicularis). AB - H-Y antigen has been used as a marker for the heterogametic sex and is assumed to be an organizing factor for the heterogametic gonad. In the turtle Emys orbicularis, H-Y antigen is restricted to the female cells, indicating a female heterogamety (ZZ/ZW) sex-determining mechanism. Moreover, the sexual differentiation of the gonads is temperature sensitive, and complete sex reversal can be obtained at will. In this framework the relationships between H-Y antigen, temperature, and gonadal phenotype were studied. Mouse H-Y antiserum was absorbed with blood and gonadal cells of control wild male and female adults, and with blood and gonadal cells from three lots of young turtles from eggs incubated at 25-26 degrees C (100% phenotypic males), at 30-30.5 degrees C (100% phenotypic females), or at 28.5-29 degrees C (majority of females with some males and intersexes). The residual activity of H-Y antiserum was then estimated using an immunobacterial rosette technique. In adults, both blood cells and gonadal cells were typed as H-Y negative in males and as H-Y positive in females. In each of the three lots of young, blood cells were H-Y negative in some individuals and H Y positive in others. The proposed interpretation is that the H-Y negative individuals were genotypic males (ZZ) and the H-Y positive were genotypic females (ZW). The gonads of these animals were then pooled in different sets according to their sexual phenotype and to the presumed genotypic sex (i.e., blood H-Y phenotype). Testicular cells were typed as H-Y negative in genotypic males as well as in the presumed sex-reversed genotypic females; likewise, ovarian cells were typed as H-Y positive in genotypic females as well as in the presumed sex reversed genotypic males. These results provide additional evidence that H-Y antigen expression is closely associated with ovarian structure in vertebrates displaying a ZZ/ZW sex-determining mechanism. PMID- 7128978 TI - [The oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve in aged subjects]. PMID- 7128980 TI - [Thalassemic cardiopathy: serial echocardiographic evaluation]. PMID- 7128979 TI - [Alcoholic hepatopathy. Aspects of drug therapy]. PMID- 7128981 TI - [Transmural and non-transmural myocardial infarct: clinical aspects and short term prognosis]. PMID- 7128982 TI - [Criteria of rationalization of substitutive therapy with Titre in patients with primary hypothyroidism]. PMID- 7128983 TI - [Activity of the combination of escin, heparin sodium and diethylamine-salicylate as compared with the activity of the single components in minor traumatology]. PMID- 7128984 TI - [Myocardial imaging with 99mTC albumin microspheres for the simultaneous assessment of contraction and perfusion in man]. AB - Radiolabeled human albumin microspheres (HAM) have been used in the past, in order to visualize coronary flow distribution in man. In order to obtain information both on myocardial perfusion and contractility, we applied R-wave synchronized reconstruction of the cardiac cycle in cine mode to HAM imaging. In 20 patients with angina pectoris and coronary stenosis of variable severity and in 1 patient with congestive cardiomyopathy we injected 4 millions of HAM (mean diameter 15 microns) labeled with 15-20 mCi of 99mTc, into the left ventricle during routine cardiac catheterization. Data were collected by a gamma camera, and by the use of a high resolution collimator and were electronically restricted to the cardiac area (64 X 64 matrix). The reconstruction of the cardiac cycle was made according to the technique developed in our laboratory for gated blood pool imaging. From the displayed images we evaluated myocardial flow distribution at the time of injection and regional wall motion (by cine mode) at any subsequent time, with a temporal resolution of 2 to 4 mins. The patterns of contractility of myocardial walls with normal or reduced perfusion were in agreement with those observed by means of contrast ventriculography. Advantages of the technique are: a) simultaneous information on flow and contractility; b) prolonged time for wall motion observation (4 to 6 hours); c) high quality pictures, since the signal to background ratio is much more favourable than with other isotope techniques. The technique appears to be promising from the results obtained in the number of patients included in this study. PMID- 7128985 TI - [Pulmonary thrombo-embolism in medical wards: observations on 546 autopsy cases]. PMID- 7128986 TI - [M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography in acute pulmonary embolism]. PMID- 7128987 TI - [Cardiac valvular disease and pregnancy. Haemodynamic aspects and importance of decubitus]. AB - During the 3rd trimester of pregnancy, 26 women with aortic or mitral valve disease (II class NYHA) have undergone bedside right heart catheterization. Total pulmonary resistances (RPT) have been studied in supine (DS) and lateral (DL) decubitus. The results are compared with those of 7 normal women. It is known that the change from the supine to the lateral posture increases venous return (and cardiac output) by removing the compression which the pregnant uterus causes to the inferior vena cava. This is achieved without increasing the mean pulmonary pressure (PPM) and total pulmonary resistances (RPT); women with mitral and aortic stenosis have little or no increase of cardiac output but always a marked increase of PPM and RPT; the response in patients with aortic and mitral incompetence is closer to normal; an intermediate response was observed in patients with a mitral stenosis and insufficiency. The valvular heart diseases with stenosis badly tolerate the increased cardiovascular burden of pregnancy and are unable to accommodate the increased venous return induced by postural changes, which induces marked elevation of pulmonary pressure and resistances. PMID- 7128988 TI - Surgical treatment of critical right ventricular outflow tract obstruction with intact ventricular septum in infancy. AB - Between December 1965 and August 1981, a total of 104 operations were performed on 101 infants for treatment of critical right ventricular outflow tract obstruction with intact ventricular septum (RVOTO/IVS). Twenty-three patients had pulmonary atresia (PA/IVS) and 78 critical pulmonary stenosis (CPS/IVS). One of those had an emergency reoperation within the first year of life because of acquired atresia after valvotomy. The cumulative early 30 days mortality was 35.6% (58.3% for PA/IVS and 28.7% for CPS/IVS). Analysis of this series indicates that the surgical risk does not significantly differ in PA/IVS and CPS/IVS within the same age group. Patients with small right ventricular cavity, dictating surgery within the first 30 days of life, present significantly higher surgical risk in both groups. The higher overall mortality in PA/IVS may be influenced by the lower median age at operation. Our present surgical indications are the following. Patients with normal sized right ventricle are treated with pulmonary valvotomy at any age. Patients with small sized right ventricle undergo early total correction over 6 months of age. Under 30 days of life balloon atrial septostomy, valvotomy and systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt are performed. Between one and 6 months the surgical technique depends upon the clinical presentation and the right ventricular anatomy in the single patient. Since this policy of treatment has been pursued, in the last 12 consecutive cases the 30 days mortality was 8.3%. PMID- 7128990 TI - Measurement of the sinoatrial conduction time using direct recording of sinus node electrogram. Preliminary study in normal subjects and comparison with the indirect methods. AB - Sinus node electrogram is characterized by a smooth, low-frequency upstroke slope beginning before P wave and followed by a rapid deflection that results from initial atrial activity. Sinoatrial conduction time (SACT) can be measured directly (SACTD) from the sinus node electrogram as the interval from the onset of the upstroke slope to the onset of atrial activation. In our laboratory the values found in 20 patients with normal sinus node function ranged between 50 and 130 msec (mean 86.5 +/- 21.3). We compared SACTDs with those obtained by three indirect methods using the atrial premature stimulation technique (Strauss method) or the asynchronous pacing (Narula/Raviele method). In this part of the study were included 15 patients presenting A3A4 = A1A1 (i.e. without a depression of the sinus node) in the zone of reset and A2A3 greater than A1A1 (i.e. positive SACTs) when Narula/Raviele method was employed. No correlation was observed between directly measured and indirectly estimated SACTs. On this last point opposite conclusions have been drawn by the few papers published until now. The discrepancy may be explained by the different incidence on the study populations a) of the various factors determining the return cycle length b) of the measurement errors in SACTD. PMID- 7128991 TI - Reliability of subcostal TD echocardiography to detect atrial septal defect. AB - Echocardiography was used in 40 patients with atrial septal defect (ASD), diagnosed by cardiac catheterization. A dilated right ventricle and abnormal interventricular septal motion were observed at M-mode echocardiography in patients with large L-R shunt. The two-dimensional apical four chamber view was reliable to detect the ostium primum type but not the secundum type of ASD. Moreover the presence of false positives reduced the specificity and predictivity of this approach. The two-dimensional subcostal view provided a direct visualization of the interatrial communication (sensitivity, specificity and predictivity = 100%) and whether the defect was in the uppermost, lowermost or midportion of the septum. Subcostal two-dimensional echocardiography is considered valuable and reliable technique to detect atrial septal defect and the type of the defect itself. PMID- 7128989 TI - Ventricular septal defect associated with aortic regurgitation. Surgical considerations. AB - Fifteen consecutive cases of ventricular septal defect (VSD) associated with aortic regurgitation (AR), observed from January 1972 to November 1980 in the Department of Cardiac Surgery of Massa Hospital were evaluated from a pathological and hemodynamic point of view and surgically treated. All patients underwent cardiac catheterization and selective aortography before and after surgical correction. The VSD was closed by Dacron patch in 10 cases and by direct suture in 5. Aortotomy was performed in 9 patients who presented moderate to severe AR; among these 7 underwent valvular repair and two prosthetic replacement. One patient died (6.6% mortality) 8 days after the operation; another developed complete atrioventricular block requiring insertion of epicardial pace-maker. Residual AR has been found in only one of the 6 patients with preoperative mild degree of AR in whom only the closure of the VSD was carried out. Residual AR is also present in 4 patients who required valvular repair, but only in one it is severe. We favor correction at preschool age on the principle that early closure of the VSD may control or prevent the progression of AR. However, in small children in whom the severity of AR may suggest the necessity of valve replacement, the operation is postponed as long as possible to avoid functional prosthetic stenosis later in life. PMID- 7128993 TI - [Pulmonary embolism]. PMID- 7128992 TI - [Importance of metabolic disorders and endocardial viability ratio in the prognosis of open-heart operations. Experimental study of the pig heart protected by potassium cardioplegia in hypothermia]. AB - The aim of this study was to investigate the protective efficacy of potassium cardioplegia in general moderate hypothermia, in five pigs, after 90 minutes of myocardial ischemia induced by extracorporeal circulation (ECC) and aortic clamping. The behaviour of subendocardial supply demand ratio (DPTI/TTI), of CSBF (coronary sinus blood flow) and numerous hemodynamic parameters was evaluated in addition to lactate myocardial metabolism changes, at rest, after 90 minutes of total ECC and during a 60 minutes reperfusion period. The reperfusion period included two phases: during the first (15-20 minutes) the animals were in ECC with unclamped aorta; spontaneous circulation was instituted during the second one (40 minutes). A marked increase in CSBF was observed at aortic clamp removal during the first phase (post ischemic reactive hyperemia). Coronary sinus lactate release was also noted, probably due to wash-out of previously sequestered acid metabolites during aortic clamping (90 minutes). At the onset of the second phase a depressed left ventricular performance and low DPTI/TTI values were shown. A rapid return (20 minutes) to normal values of this parameter was then noted. DPTI/TTI normalization results strictly correlated to the progressive improvement in myocardial performance. Hypothermic potassium cardioplegia seems therefore to prevent the irreversible myocardial damage and favour a fast recovery of cardiac function. PMID- 7128994 TI - [Surgical treatment of interventricular defects with associated aortic insufficiency: prevention and cure]. PMID- 7128996 TI - [Systolic time intervals: indications and limitations in evaluation of left ventricular function]. PMID- 7128998 TI - [Estimate of the under-registration of infant mortality in Mexico]. PMID- 7128995 TI - [Trans-placental passage of amiodarone: electrocardiographic evidence and pharmacological findings in a newborn infant]. AB - Trans-placental passage of amiodarone has not yet been demonstrated, even if it has been suspected from the observation of some cases of congenital mixedema in babies born of amiodarone-treated women. A pregnant woman, suffering from recurrent episodes of resistant high frequency, 1:1 atrial tachycardia, with severe hypotension, was treated with oral amiodarone 200 mg daily during the last three months of pregnancy. The arrhythmia was satisfactorily controlled and pregnancy was carried on well. At birth, the baby was normal on physical examination and routine blood exams. Particularly, thyroid function was normal. After delivery, the plasma level of the drug and its electrocardiographic effects both in the mother and the newborn were determined. High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was used for the pharmacologic determinations and led to demonstrate the presence of amiodarone and one of its metabolites in the newborn plasma. Placental permeability for the metabolite resulted to be higher than for amiodarone, comparing mother versus newborn drug concentrations. Electrocardiographic changes due to amiodarone (i.e. lengthening of QT interval) were observed in both the ECGs of the mother and the newborn, but in the latter lenghthening of QT was much more evident. The authors briefly report another personal case of amiodarone-treatment during pregnancy and conclude, on the basis of their experience, that amiodarone can be used in pregnancy, but strictly in refractory, life-threatening arrhythmias and limitedly to the last three months. PMID- 7128997 TI - [Management of pituitary adenoma secreting prolactin]. PMID- 7128999 TI - Failure of phorbol ester TPA to promote growth of in vivo-initiated rat hepatocytes transferred into a culture system. AB - The effect of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a potent promoter in epidermal carcinogenesis, on the growth of rat hepatocytes initiated in vivo and transferred into a culture system was investigated. The hepatocytes were isolated by enzymatic perfusion from the rat liver after 12 weeks of acetylaminofluorene feeding or 2--6 weeks of diethylnitrosamine treatment. TPA did not show any promotive effect in terms of the number and size of proliferative epithelial cell foci derived from initiated hepatocytes, in contrast to the remarkable effect of phenobarbital, which is a potent promoter in hepatocarcinogenesis. The results suggest the existence of organ or target cell specificity of promoters in the 2 stage concept of carcinogenesis. PMID- 7129002 TI - Formation of duct-alveolar structures and new types of tumors by a pregnancy dependent mouse mammary tumor (TPDMT-4) in virgin mice. AB - TPDMT-4 tumors showed significant growth in pregnant mice but not in virgins. Tumor pieces at transplant generation 14 were implanted into the gland-free (right) and the intact (left) fat pads in virgin mice and followed over a one year period. The transplants formed outgrowths similar to normal mammary glands in the cleared fat pads. The outgrowths were hyperactive when compared with host glands and varied from one mouse to another in extent of development. In contrast, they did not outgrow and remained as traces among host glands in the intact fat pads. Tumors developed 41 and 32 weeks after implantation in the right and the left fat pads, respectively, in one of 18 mice. The tumor from the cleared fat pad was an ovarian-sensitive pale cell carcinoma, and contained estrogen receptors (ER) but not progesterone receptors (PR). That from the intact fat pad was a type B carcinoma which was ovarian-dependent and contained both ER and PR at levels comparable to those of the parent tumor. PMID- 7129001 TI - Long-term study on the effect of caffeine in Wistar rats. AB - Wistar rats of both sexes were given synthetic caffeine in their drinking water for 78 weeks. Three hundred Wistar rats were divided into three groups of 50 males and 50 females each. Group 1 was given normal tap water without caffeine as a control. Group 2 was given 0.1% caffeine solution and group 3 was given 0.2% caffeine solution for 78 weeks. All the animals were killed after 104 experimental weeks. Various tumors were found in both experimental and control groups, but their incidences were not higher in the experimental groups. Thus, there was no evidence that caffeine was carcinogenic to Wistar rats when given continuously in the drinking water for 78 weeks. PMID- 7129000 TI - Perianal lesions of BALB/c mice induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride and methylazoxymethanol-acetate: their classification and histogenesis. AB - The histogenesis of perianal squamous cell carcinomas induced by subcutaneous and intraperitoneal injection of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride (DMH) and painting of methylazoxymethanol (MAM)-acetate on the anal region was investigated in 212 female BALB/c mice. Painting of MAM-acetate and injection of DMH induced similar benign and malignant tumors and hyperplastic lesions in the anal region. In chronological studies on animals given DMH subcutaneously, cystic or solid squamous lesions, foci of immature sebocytes, sebaceous hyperplasias and sebaceous adenomas were identified. These lesions seemed to be precursors of carcinomas that developed in the same region, and originated from hair follicles or sebaceous glands of the pilosebaceous complexes, but not from the anal mucosa. In mice treated with DMH, the incidence of perianal carcinomas was high in groups with high incidences of colon carcinomas. PMID- 7129004 TI - Growth factor from tumor cells. AB - Suitable conditions for assay of the growth factor from Yoshida sarcoma and AH 130 tumor cells were investigated using three different cell lines: baby hamster kidney cells, human embryonic lung cells and Swiss Albino mouse 3T3 embryo fibroblast cells. The results indicated that the 3T3 cell line was more sensitive to the growth stimulating activity than the other two lines. A fraction of Yoshida sarcoma tumor cells containing the growth factor showed less growth stimulating activity than a fraction of AH-130 tumor cells prepared by the same method. Using the 3T3 cell line for assay of activity, the growth factor was partially purified from AH-130 tumor cells by ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-cellulose column chromatography and gel filtration on a Sephacryl S-300 column. It appeared to be thermolabile, and its molecular weight was estimated as about 80,000 by gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300. These findings suggest that it is a high-molecular-weight substance. PMID- 7129003 TI - Inhibition of development of methylnitrosourea-induced rat colonic tumors by peroral administration of indomethacin. AB - The nonsteroid antiinflammatory drug indomethacin, a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, inhibited the development of carcinogen-induced large bowel carcinomas in rats. CD-Fischer rats were given carcinogenic pretreatment with intrarectal instillation of 2 mg of methylnitrosourea 3 times a week from the 1st to the 5th week, in order to produce large bowel tumors. Thereafter, peroral administration of a high or low dose of indomethacin dissolved in drinking water (20 micrograms or 10 micrograms indomethacin/ml tap water) for 15 weeks was started at the 11th week, before the tumors developed. At autopsy in the 26th week just after the completion of the 15-week treatment, the incidence of developing large bowel tumors was significantly reduced in treated rats, compared to untreated control rats; 17% or 14% vs. 67%. However, at autopsy in the 36th week, 10 weeks after cessation of the treatment, the development of tumors in treated rats was significantly increased. Thus, indomethacin inhibited the development of methylnitrosourea-induced large bowel tumors in rats. The effectiveness of peroral administration of indomethacin was comparable to that of intraperitoneal administration. It is postulated that treatment with this drug may effectively prevent the development of large bowel cancer in patients at high risk. PMID- 7129005 TI - Effect of Nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton on colony-stimulating activity and myeloid colony formation. AB - The in vivo effect of Nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton (N-CWS) was studies on the generation of bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells [colony forming units culture (CFU-c)] and on the levels of myeloid colony-stimulating activity (CSA) in the conditioned medium of the lung (LCM) and serum obtained from mice. In vitro bone marrow culture showed that intraperitoneal (ip) treatment of mice with N-CWS markedly enhanced CFU-c formation induced by stimuli in LCM or serum derived from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mice. The LCM and serum of mice injected with N-CWS ip were also prepared and assayed for CSA. CSA levels with N-CWS-LCM as well as LPS-LCM used as the standard CSA were markedly greater than those achieved with control LCM. N-CWS-serum also showed a low but significant level of CSA. The CSA level of N-CWS-LCM was maximal at 3 to 5 days after N-CWS injection. These results raise the possibility that enhanced CSA production might be a major mechanism for N-CWS stimulation of granulocyte macrophage production. PMID- 7129006 TI - Replication of pluripotent stem cells in granulocyte/macrophage colonies developed in methylcellulose culture of mouse bone marrow cells. AB - The existence of pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells in granulocyte/macrophage colonies was demonstrated in a culture of mouse bone marrow cells in semi-solid methylcellulose with spleen conditioned medium as colony-stimulating activity. When fresh growth medium containing the conditioned medium was supplemented to 1 week culture, the number of cells per colony increased significantly in the next week. The number of pluripotent stem cells also increased by a factor of 12 or more in the second week of the culture. The number of cell divisions in such a culture was calculated as 12-15 in 2 weeks. These results indicate that some of the granulocyte/macrophage colonies are derived from pluripotent stem cells, and that the stem cells can undergo 3-5 self-replications in such semi-solid culture. PMID- 7129007 TI - DNA content of large intestinal adenoma. AB - In order to assess the developmental transition of large intestinal adenoma into carcinoma, the relationship between the DNA content of the epithelial nuclei and the histologic gradation of epithelial cells in such adenoma was studied. Histologic gradation was based on the extent of epithelial pseudostratification. As a control, the DNA contents of normal and cancerous epithelia were also measured. The DNA content of a nucleus in normal epithelium was 2.72 +/- 1.02N (N: arbitrary unit), and the value was 5.10 +/- 3.30N in cancerous epithelium. The mean DNA content of epithelial nuclei in adenoma was intermediate between normal and cancerous levels. In adenomas, the average DNA content steadily increased with the advance of histologic gradation. PMID- 7129008 TI - Histological study of immune parameters of regional lymph nodes of gastric cancer patients. AB - A total of 6,394 regional lymph nodes (RLNs) from 319 gastric cancer patients was evaluated histologically for sinus histiocytosis (SH), paracortical lymphocytes (PCL), overall lymphoid cell content (OL), germinal centers (GC), and medullary cord plasma cells (P1). High grade SH, PCL, and OL reactivity was found in cancers confined to the mucosa and submucosa of the stomach wall, and GC and P1 reactivity in cancers that had invaded the subserosa or the serosa of the stomach wall. No stable relationship was found between the RLNs reactivity of patients with and without metastasis to the RLNs. Differences among RLNs reactivities according to location (n1, n2, n3+4) as defined by the Japanese Research Society for Gastric Cancer were evaluated, and n1, the most proximal nodes to the primary cancer, usually had the highest reactivity. As regards the prognostic value of these factors, OL and GC, but not SH, had a significant favorable relation to the 5-year survival rate. In addition, sarcoid-like reaction was evaluated. PMID- 7129009 TI - Sister chromatid exchanges in lymphocytes of a patient treated with cyclophosphamide and vincristine for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - Sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were investigated in lymphocytes from an adult patient treated with cyclophosphamide (CTX) and vincristine (VCR) for non Hodgkin's lymphoma. The treatment consisted of iv injection of CTX (1 g) followed immediately by injection of VCR (2 mg). The patient was treated six times at weekly intervals, except for two irregular intervals of 35 and 48 days, respectively, as the second and the fourth intervals. Before the initiation of the therapy, the SCE frequency in the patient was 9.9 +/- 3.5 per cell, which is not significantly different from those of healthy controls and other cancer patients not given chemotherapy. After the first injection, the SCE frequency increased rapidly with time, reaching a peak of 33.4 +/- 4.6 per cell in 24 hr, and then gradually decreased, returning to a nearly normal level of 12.5 +/- 4.2 per cell on the 7th day. Similar cycles of rapid increase and slow decrease in the SCE frequency were observed after each of the subsequent five injections, resulting in a gradual rise in the basal and the maximal levels of the SCE values. Oral administration of CTX (150 mg/day) for about a month during the second interval slightly increased the SCE value from 16.1 +/- 3.1 to 22.4 +/- 6.2 but injections of vincristine alone at a dose of 2 mg twice during the fourth 45-day interval did not affect the gradually decreasing trend in the SCE frequency. In the 5th month after the termination of the therapy, the SCE value returned to the untreated level. PMID- 7129010 TI - Naturally occurring antibodies against fibrosarcoma and glioma cells in rats. PMID- 7129011 TI - Comparative immunological studies in rats following cryosurgery and surgical excision of 3-methylcholanthrene-induced primary autochthonous tumors. AB - Post-operative antitumor immunity was studied by comparing the results following cryosurgery and surgical excision of 3-methylcholanthrene-induced primary autochthonous tumors in WKA/Hok rats. Immunity was tested by challenge with the autochthonous tumors on the 4th and 21st days post-operatively. Antitumor resistance which developed following cryosurgery was found in 7 out of 14 rats (50%) challenged after 4 days and in 2 out of 13 rats (15%) challenged after 21 days. Following surgical excision, however, resistance was found in 13 out of 18 rats (72%) challenged after 4 days and in 10 out of 17 rats (58%) challenged after 21 days. Therefore, the development of antitumor immunity by surgical excision was more effective than by cryosurgery (P less than 0.02). In addition, the enhancement of autochthonous tumor growth as compared with that of the control rats was clearly demonstrated after cryosurgery in 4 out of 14 rats (29%) challenged 4 days afterwards and in 3 out of 13 rats (23%) challenged 21 days afterwards. After surgical excision, however, this was seen in only 3 out of 18 rats (17%) challenged 4 days afterwards, and in 0 out of 17 rats (0%) challenged 21 days afterwards. These results suggest not only that the development of antitumor immunity is delayed but also that the tumor growth is more likely to be enhanced by cryosurgery than by surgical excision. PMID- 7129012 TI - Effect of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-isobutyl-3-(beta-maltosyl)-1-nitrosourea on experimental tumors. AB - The antitumor activity of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-isobutyl-3-(beta-maltosyl)-1 nitrosourea (TA-077), a novel water-soluble nitrosourea derivative, against leukemia L1210, Ehrlich carcinoma, sarcoma 180, Lewis lung carcinoma, Yoshida sarcoma, rat ascites hepatomas and Walker 256 carcinosarcoma was examined and compared with those of 3 reference nitrosourea antitumor agents, 1-(2 chloroethyl)-3-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-1-nitrosourea, 3-[(4-amino-2-methyl-5 pyrimidinyl)methyl]-1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea hydrochloride and 1-(2 chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea. TA-077 exhibited a broad antitumor spectrum against the above tumors. Among these 4 nitrosoureas, TA-077 produced the best therapeutic ratios (OD/ILS30) against leukemia L1210, irrespective of the administration route and schedule employed. The ratio obtained by consecutive treatment (ip) was superior to that by single administration, a unique characteristic of this novel nitrosourea agent. The inhibitory effect of TA-077 on the growth of non-syngenic tumors (solid form) was also significant in all administration routes employed (ip, iv and po). Furthermore, TA-077 showed a marked life-prolonging effect on both early and advanced forms of Lewis lung carcinoma. PMID- 7129013 TI - Antitumor effect of polysaccharide TC-13 on allogeneic and syngeneic tumors in mice. AB - The antitumor activity of TC-13, a protein-bound polysaccharide extracted from a rare actinomycetes was tested on allogeneic and syngeneic tumors in mice. In the allogeneic Ehrlich carcinoma system, TC-13 showed antitumor activity over a broad optimal dose range, when administered by various routes such as ip, iv, sc, it (intratumorally) or po, even when given before tumor inoculation. TC-13 showed synergistic antitumor effects in combination with other immunomodulators, e.g., lipopolysaccharide, lentinan and picibanil. It showed antitumor activity against syngeneic tumors, MM46 mammary carcinoma and MCS-8 and Meth A fibrosarcoma. PMID- 7129014 TI - The third class of new tumor promoters, polyacetates (debromoaplysiatoxin and aplysiatoxin), can differentiate biological actions relevant to tumor promoters. AB - Aplysiatoxin is a new class of potent tumor promoter and debromoaplysiatoxin may be a weak promoter. Aplysiatoxin and debromoaplysiatoxin showed the same potency on irritation of mouse ear and induction of ornithine decarboxylase activity on mouse skin, but debromoaplysiatoxin was much weaker than aplysiatoxin in induction of adhesion of HL-60 cells. PMID- 7129015 TI - [Non-gastrin stimulants of gastric acid secretion]. PMID- 7129016 TI - [Isolation and purification of a histamine-like gastrosecretagogue from gastric antral mucosa]. PMID- 7129019 TI - [Percutaneous embolization of esophageal varices]. PMID- 7129018 TI - [Suppurative pylephlebitis and hepatic abscesses due to embolic migration of stercoral material complicating a colonic diverticulitis]. PMID- 7129020 TI - [Rheumatoid stenosis of the esophagus]. PMID- 7129017 TI - [Pancreatic cancer in Cote-d'Or (France); results of a 5-year registration]. PMID- 7129021 TI - [Cutaneous metastases disclosing cancer of the pancreas]. PMID- 7129027 TI - High yield micronodular cirrhosis in the rat. AB - Although studied for most of this century there is still no reliable model of severe decompensated micronodular cirrhosis that can be predictably produced in reasonable quantity. The current most successful model, inhalation of carbon tetrachloride vapor in the phenobarbitone-induced rat, has a low yield of severe cirrhosis and a high death rate because there is no way to determine both the variation in response to carbon tetrachloride and the maintenance of a constant critical level of liver damage. A new approach to this old problem is described in which both variation and level of critical damage are monitored by the daily weight change of the rat in response to intragastric carbon tetrachloride given during light halothane/oxygen anesthesia; the response each time being used to calibrate the subsequent dose of carbon tetrachloride to fit the individual rat. The method is effective in producing cirrhosis with ascites in about 75% of rats after 8-10 doses of carbon tetrachloride. PMID- 7129022 TI - [Hepatitis due to Sulindac; a case with review of 3 precedents]. PMID- 7129025 TI - Effects of portasystemic shunting on visceral and portal blood flow in the dog. AB - Late effects of portasystemic shunting on visceral and portal vein blood flows were evaluated in mongrel dogs with radioactive microspheres. Sham operation (n = 5) produced no significant long-term changes in visceral blood flow. In contrast, there was a significant increase in small bowel perfusion 3 wk after selective and nonselective portasystemic shunting: end-to-side (n = 7), side-to-side (n = 7), H-graft mesocaval (n = 5), and distal splenorenal (n = 11). Variable increases in pancreatic blood flow were noted in all shunt groups. Portal venous blood flow was significantly elevated in all dogs with total shunts and was substantially increased in animals with H-grafts. Compared with baseline levels, perfusion of organs left in continuity with the portal vein after splenorenal shunting was significantly increased. Blood flow from the small bowel was primarily responsible for the magnitude of the change in portal venous flow. The reduction in hepatic perfusion by portal venous blood appears to trigger these compensatory responses. A humoral mediator best explains the phenomena observed. PMID- 7129024 TI - [Cholestatic icterus and agranulocytosis due to ticlopidine]. PMID- 7129029 TI - Observer variation in assessment of jejunal biopsy specimens. A comparison between subjective criteria and morphometric measurement. AB - in an observer variation study, the agreement rate reached by a pair of observers who measured 85 jejunal biopsy specimens using surface/volume ratio was compared with that reached by a pair of observers who subjectively assessed the same biopsy series. Both the agreement reached between the subjective observers and that reached between the objective observers proved significant by kappa statistics. However, both total and partial kappa values were greater for the pair of objective observers in every diagnostic category. Moreover, the percentage of agreement on the grading of all biopsy specimens, independent of the diagnostic categories, proved significantly higher for the objective observers. In the pair who made a qualitative assessment, interobserver variation was particularly evident in the grading of partial villous atrophy. Contrastingly, in the pair who made a quantitative assessment, agreement was present in all but one slide. The kappa values for the observers examining the same biopsy specimens on two separate occasions indicated closer agreement rates for the two objective observers. It is concluded that morphometric measurement is more reliable than subjective criteria in the assessment of jejunal biopsy specimens and that qualitative assessment of biopsy specimens should be coupled with quantitative histology. PMID- 7129023 TI - [Clometacin, chronic active hepatitis and markers of autoimmunity]. PMID- 7129026 TI - The pancreas in primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. AB - In patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, the chronic cholestasis, salivary, and lacrimal hyposecretion suggest that the disease is a "dry gland" syndrome. To determine whether or not pancreatic damage occurs in primary biliary cirrhosis and other forms of chronic cholestasis, we have studied pancreatic structure and function in primary biliary cirrhosis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis. In a retrospective study, retrograde pancreatograms were abnormal in 43% of 35 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and 15% of 20 patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (p less than 0.02). In a prospective study, serum pancreatic isoamylase was abnormal in 56% of 41 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and 36% of 22 patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (NS), indicating pancreatic damage in both diseases. After secretin-pancreozymin stimulation, patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, but not patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis, showed a significant reduction in duodenal juice flow rate (p less than 0.01) and immunoreactive trypsin output (p less than 0.01). The reduced trypsin output in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis indicates pancreatic hyposecretion. In neither patients with primary biliary cirrhosis nor patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis was the immunoreactive trypsin concentration, or tryptic activity in duodenal juice, significantly different from controls. Pancreatic involvement in primary biliary cirrhosis is closely associated with Sjogrens syndrome, and it is likely that the pancreatic hyposecretion is a component of the sicca complex. This association was not obvious in primary sclerosing cholangitis. PMID- 7129028 TI - Perturbation of gastric emptying and duodenal motility through the central nervous system. AB - This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that external stimuli acting through the central nervous system perturb the normal gastrointestinal response to meals. Thus, in 4 healthy volunteers we used a multilumen gastroduodenal tube system that allowed simultaneous measurements of gastroduodenal motility, gastric emptying rate, gastric acid secretion, and pancreatic trypsin output. Blood pressure, pulse rate, and skin temperature were also monitored for autonomic response. All subjects were studied on 2 days, receiving on each day two identical test meals. After one of the meals on each day, vertigo was induced by labyrinthine stimulation (ear irrigation with ice water) while the other meal was followed by one of two controls, ear irrigation at 37 degrees C (control stimulation) on 1 day and no stimulation on the other, the order of the tests being randomized. Labyrinthine stimulation at subnauseant levels resulted in a consistent and reproducible delay in gastric emptying of the meal. Further, in 2 of the 4 subjects a marked and reproducible alteration of the postprandial duodenal motility pattern occurred, with a change to one resembling the fasted state, even though nutrients continued to be present in the stomach. Duodenogastric reflux and gastric acid output remained unchanged. Trypsin output decreased initially but later returned to control values. These studies emphasize the role of the central nervous system in the control of gut function after feeding. Labyrinthine stimulation nay be a useful method for investigating inhibitory and disruptive effects of centrally acting stimuli on the human upper gut. PMID- 7129030 TI - Rectal sparing in antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis: a prospective study. AB - A prospective study of 22 patients with antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis demonstrated that the most distal location of the pseudomembranes was noted from 0 to 25 cm from the anus in 17 patients, from 25 to 60 cm from the anus in 3 patients, and greater than 60 cm from the anus in only 2 patients. These data suggest that the pseudomembranes will be noted by the rigid sigmoidoscope in 77% of the patients and by the flexible sigmoidoscope in 91% of the patients. Colonoscopic examination beyond 60 cm from the anus was necessary for the diagnosis of pseudomembranous colitis in 2 (9%) patients. PMID- 7129031 TI - Incidence and microbiology of abdominal and pelvic abscess in Crohn's disease. AB - The incidence of abdominal and pelvic abscess is reported from a consecutive series of 111 patients undergoing 124 resections for Crohn's disease. Preoperative abscesses were found as a complication of Crohn's disease in 13 patients (10%) and 8 were clinically unsuspected. The majority of preoperative abscesses were confined to one site (localized to bowel, psoas sheath, pelvis, or in the abdominal wall). All preoperative abscesses occurred in patients requiring an emergency or urgent operation. Patients with a preoperative abscess had significantly lower serum albumin levels and significantly increased serum alkaline phosphatase values than the patients without an abscess. Postoperative abscesses occurred in 17 patients (14%) and six were multiple. Five of the postoperative abscesses occurred in patients who had had a preoperative abscess; these recurrent abscesses all presented 6-14 wk after an uncomplicated initial operation. The principal bacterial isolates were Escherichia coli (54%), Bacteroides fragilis (44%), enterococci (41%), and viridans streptococci (31%). The incidence of abscess was unrelated to the use of preoperative steroid therapy. PMID- 7129032 TI - Oral pulse prednisone therapy in the treatment of HBsAg negative chronic active hepatitis. AB - A young woman with hepatitis B surface antigen negative chronic active hepatitis and hypergammaglobulinemia was treated successfully with oral pulse steroid therapy consisting of prednisone, 90 mg/day, given in repeated 3--5-day courses at 3--4-wk intervals. This approach, which is hypothetically founded on the ability of steroids to cause prolonged inhibition of immunoglobulin G synthesis and proposed mechanisms of hepatocellular damage in chronic active hepatitis, permitted complete clinical, chemical, and histologic remission without morbidity. Oral pulse prednisone therapy deserves further study as a possible adjunct or alternative to existing methods of managing hepatitis B surface antigen negative chronic active hepatitis associated with hypergammaglobulinemia. PMID- 7129033 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma of the pancreas associated with hypercalcemia. AB - Squamous cell cancer of the pancreas is a rare variant of pancreatic ductal cell carcinoma. This tumor has not been reported to be associated with hypercalcemia in the absence of primary hyperparathyroidism or bone metastases. We present a patient with pancreatic squamous cell carcinoma who presented with intractable hypercalcemia, had normal parathormone levels, and was found at autopsy to have normal parathyroid glands and no evidence of bony metastases. A review of squamous cell carcinoma of the pancreas and pancreatic neoplasms associated with hypercalcemia is presented. PMID- 7129035 TI - Rehydration of Hemoccult slides. PMID- 7129037 TI - Drug treatment of esophageal spasm. PMID- 7129036 TI - Technical aspects of sclerotherapy. PMID- 7129034 TI - Analysis of gastric emptying data. AB - How should gastric emptying data be summarized to allow comparisons between males or between groups of subjects within a study, and to facilitate comparisons of results from study to study. We review standardization issues for reporting gastric emptying data, discuss criteria for choosing a method of analysis, review methods which have been used to describe gastric emptying data, recommend trial of the power exponential curve, and illustrate its use in the analysis and interpretation of data from several studies involving different types of meals and different types of subjects. We show why nonlinear curves should be fit using nonlinear least squares. PMID- 7129039 TI - Screening examination of the larynx and pharynx during upper gastrointestinal panendoscopy. AB - With the flexible fiberoptic esophagogastroduodenoscopes now in use, the larynx and posterior pharynx can be easily viewed during routine upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Screening laryngeal-pharyngeal examinations were carried out during 1120 upper gastrointestinal endoscopies. Mean additional examination time was 30 sec. Thirty-nine laryngeal lesions were detected, mostly variants of chronic laryngitis. Two patients had leukoplakia, one of whom on subsequent biopsy revealed squamous cell cancer. The brief additional endoscopic time may result in the detection of early curable neoplasms. Thus a screening laryngeal-pharyngeal examination should be part of each upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination. PMID- 7129038 TI - The role of bougienage in the management of achalasia--the need for reappraisal. AB - Passive dilatation, advocated in the past by a number of gastroenterologists as the initial therapy for achalasia, has fallen into disrepute in the last 15 years. Our recent experience with five achalasia patients, four of whom were judged too fragile for esophageal myotomy or forcible dilatation, indicates the need for reappraisal of bougienage therapy. PMID- 7129040 TI - The visceral manifestations of Kaposi's sarcoma. PMID- 7129041 TI - Massive hemorrhage from suture line ulceration: documentation by endoscopy. PMID- 7129042 TI - Adenomyoma (pancreatic heterotopia) of the duodenum producing common bile duct obstruction. PMID- 7129043 TI - Emphysematous cholecystitis complicating endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. PMID- 7129044 TI - The diagnosis of colonic lipomas--the naked fat sign. PMID- 7129045 TI - The detection of an inverted diverticulum by colonoscopy. PMID- 7129046 TI - Endoscopic diverticulectomy in the sigmoid colon. PMID- 7129051 TI - Selected papers from the Cleveland Clinic Course. "ERCP: diagnostic and therapeutic aspects--an international symposium," March 19 to 21, 1981. PMID- 7129048 TI - Peroral choledochoscopy in the sump syndrome: use of a thin caliber endoscope to negotiate a choledochoduodenostomy. PMID- 7129049 TI - Flexible guide for peroral endoscopy. PMID- 7129047 TI - Endoscopic appearances of duodenitis due to strongyloidiasis. PMID- 7129050 TI - Colonoscopic removal of a foreign body causing colocutaneous fistulas. PMID- 7129052 TI - The intraductal secretin test: an adjunct to ERCP. AB - The intraductal secretin test is an important diagnostic study. It enables the physician to determine the pancreatic secretory function in patients with known pancreatitis and to confirm the diagnosis of pancreatitis in many patients with indeterminate upper abdominal pain in whom ERCP and other diagnostic studies are normal. The IDST also provides the endoscopist and biochemist a new means to establish discriminating tests in differential diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and pancreatitis and to study the physiology of pancreatic secretion. PMID- 7129053 TI - Endoscopic sphincterotomy in carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater. PMID- 7129055 TI - Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy--is it a first-line diagnostic service? PMID- 7129056 TI - How surgical residents use their endoscopy training. PMID- 7129054 TI - Barrett's esophagus. PMID- 7129057 TI - Videocamera comparison. PMID- 7129058 TI - Intramural duodenal hematoma--a complication of ERCP. PMID- 7129059 TI - Intermittent gastric outlet obstruction from a pedunculated gastric polyp. PMID- 7129060 TI - Mycetoma of the gastric stump. PMID- 7129061 TI - Hurricaine warning. PMID- 7129063 TI - Time and language. AB - It is very interesting question whether time if a priori in mankind's thinking or whether it is a category which results from experience. Each human being has a memory so that he is able to distinguish between the past and the present, but not every language has a word expressing the common idea of time. In hunting and gathering populations such as Bushmen and Yumbri no one can state his own age. In chronobiology, the most important zeitgebers are the sun and the moon. Certain peasant peoples, such as the Santals and Mundas in India, even today use the same word to express sun, Sun-God, daylight, day, day-time, and hour. The first generalized idea of "time" seems to have arisen in the civilization of Old Mesopotamia. While the general meaning was still unknown to Sumerian, Accadian priest-astronomers presumably created the conception by generalization of the (Sumerian) foreign word itu(d) "mouth" and its mingling with the Accadian ittu(m) "sign (as an eclipse, monstrous birth, etc.), term, moment". We find the same root in the Etruscan itus "ides" from which it came as a loan-word into Latin (idus "ides"). Newton's term duratio can be found in earliest Iranian as yav- "yoke" and Vedic Indian as yugam "yoke" (i.e., a "bound" time). Some remarks are made concerning mankind's earliest chronobiological thinking where menstruation serves as a model. West African Kwa languages (predominantly Ewe), Old Indian, and early-classical chinese are evaluated. A brief survey is given of prehistoric peoples' migrations in terms of languages. The presentation concludes with an attempt to define time as an abstraction of abstractions, a fussy set (of ideas and definitions) in terms of post-classical set theory. PMID- 7129062 TI - Vessel clip as a nidus for formation of common bile duct stone. PMID- 7129065 TI - Empirical regression for trend elimination and smoothing of time series 1,2,3. AB - The mathematical background of empirical regression its meaning, and its role in a first stage of data evaluation will be sketched. In the second part, applications of empirical regression procedures for time series analysis will be presented, especially for a model-free quantitative description of the trend component in nonstationary time series and for trend elimination with regard to a further spectral, decomposition and spectral characterization of the modified time series. PMID- 7129066 TI - [Relations of physicalism and vitalism in biology: contribution to the year of Darwin 1982]. AB - With help by an axiom established and some descriptions before this paper, it is possible to model successful processes of growth. In this description, it will be tried to explain in generally form this axiom and to classify it into our scientific system of world. With that comes a dialectical relation between Physicalism and Vitalism. Both continuous and statistical methods are known as possible and necessary forms of description of biological processes. By that the method of Newton can be transferred analogous into Biology with help from the field of information definited before this paper. The developed theoretical conceptions for analysis of growth are conformed also with the demands of system theory by v. Bertalanffy and they will derivated also from his system theory. This work will be finished with firstly ideas for application of this results and with relations of this theory and dialectic. PMID- 7129064 TI - Pursuit of unknown Periods in chronobiology. AB - Most series of chronobiological measurements show more than one deflection. The question is which deflections are the main ones. The surest and swiftest method for solving this problem is the classical Fourier analysis on the basis of the least squares method. In the case of equidistant prescribed measuring points, an orthogonal system of linear equations is obtained from which the Fourier coefficients of all sine and cosine coefficients are derived, so that the Fourier spectrum can be plotted by computer or drawn by hand. In case of non-equidistant points, the system of linear equations is non-orthogonal but uniquely soluble. If there is more than one point assigned to each given value of argument (i.e., time), the problem of grouped Fourier regression must be solved. Mathematically, this is the same as in the case of non-equidistant data. By means of statistical tests the complete system of Fourier coefficients can be reduced so that only significant periods remain. PMID- 7129067 TI - [Postnatal growth of the nasal cavity]. AB - The postnatal growth of the nasal bones, the piriform aperture, the choanae, the anterior and posterior nasal spine, and the floor of the nasal cavity were investigated. The development of weight and width of the nasal cavity as much as some results of the postnatal development of the inferior and medical conchae are connected with out investigations. Moreover the increase of the distance between Nasospinale and the sphenoidal sinus aperture and also the development of height and width of the nasal crista of the palatine bone were determined. PMID- 7129068 TI - [Postnatal weight gain in albino mice under various light regimens]. AB - The following experiments on male and female mice of the strain AB Jena Halle were designed to study the effect of various light regimens on the body weight during the postnatal development from birth to 60 days of age. Characteristic phases of the increase in weight appear in both cyclic illumination (12L:12D, 50 lux) and constant light (24 L, 50 lux). These phases are dependent upon the wavelength and the effective period of light. Such a phase is pronounced in the puberal period in which was found a relationship between the body weight and the wavelength. At the end of the experiments, remarkable low body weights appear in red exposition in both sexes, specially in the females. Continuous white or coloured light effects, in principle, a more distinctive sec-dimorphism of the body weight than 12L:12D, because the increase of the body weight of the males is higher in 24L: as in 12L: 12D. Female mice did not show such a reaction. It follows from the results that various light regimens and various light qualities influence the postnatal increase of body weight. PMID- 7129069 TI - Studies on food intake in the fasted rat. AB - 1. The effects of orally- and intravenously-administered d-amphetamine-SO4, fenfluramine-HCl and cocaine-HCl on food intake in the fasted rat were compared. 2. During the first hour after presentation of food to the animals, ED50 values for suppression of food intake after intravenous injection were: d-amphetamine SO4, 0.1 mg/kg; fenfluramine-HCl, 0.6 mg/kg; cocaine-HCl, 1.0 mg/kg, ED50 values for suppression of food intake after oral administration were: d-amphetamine-SO4, 0.3 mg/kg; fenfluramine-HCl, 0.7 mg/kg; cocaine-HCl, 9 mg/kg. 3. Over a 4 hr test period, d-amphetamine, fenfluramine and cocaine produced dose-dependent anorexigenic effects only when orally administered. 4. Orally-administered quipazine-maleate and mazindol also decreased food intake, their respective ED50 values being 7 mg/kg and 1.2 mg/kg for the first hour of testing; the anorexigenic effect of mazindol appeared to be more sustained than those of the other anorexigenic agents tested in that it was evident on the day after drug administration. 5. Orally-administered diazepam increased food intake on the day of its administration, but decreased food intake on the day after its administration. 6. In addition to providing further evidence for the effects of several typical anorexigenic agents, the model described might be useful for further studies on anorexigenic agents and minor tranquillizers. PMID- 7129070 TI - Interaction of formamidines with the platelet 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake system. AB - 1. The activity of the insecticide/acaricide N'-(4-chloro-o-tolyl)-N,N dimethylformamidine (chlordimeform), its two formamidine metabolites, N'-(4 chloro-o-tolyl)-N-methylformamidine (demethylchlordimeform) and N'(4-chloro-o tolyl) formamidine (didemethylchlordimeform), and 116 other formamidines and related compounds as inhibitors of rat platelet 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) uptake was studied. Though several formamidines were more active than chlordimeform (pI50 3.9), none was as potent as imipramine. Didemethylchlordimeform (pI50 4.4) was the most potent formamidine examined. 2. Inhibition of 5-HT uptake by chlordimeform was mixed. Moreover, chlordimeform inhibition of 5-HT uptake by reserpinized platelets was not significantly different from uptake by non reserpinized platelets. 3. Chlordimeform and its two formamidine metabolites caused release of platelet 5-HT, and their potency as releasers paralleled their activity as uptake inhibitors. 4. Electron microscopy indicated that chlordimeform treatment changed platelet shape and size but apparently did not alter physical integrity of the membrane. 5. It was suggested that platelet 5-HT storage vesicles were the most probable site of formamidine action. PMID- 7129072 TI - Some new data to the toxicological effects of paraquat and the therapy. AB - 1. Substances previously tested therapeutically were studied to obtain evidence on the pathomechanism in mice of paraquat, the active ingredient of Gramoxon, connected with the radicals formed from molecular oxygen, and also to extend the therapeutic possibilities. 2. The effects of these substances were assessed on the basis of the 72-hr survival rate and the percentage ratio of the wet lung weight to the overall body weight. 3. Other toxicological parameters too were followed. 4. Our present investigations indicate that, in agreement with our earlier results, besides reduced glutathione and ascorbic acid, vitamin E and C ase are of the greatest importance from the aspect of the protection against paraquat toxicity. 5. In addition to those listed, other materials too, e.g. antifibrotic substances, naturally possess considerable detoxicating properties too. PMID- 7129071 TI - Tocofibrate (tocopheryl 2-(p-chlorophenoxy) isobutyrate); a new peroxisomotropic compound, and its hypocholesterolemic activity in cholesterol-fed rats. AB - The effect of tocofibrate (tocopheryl 2-(p-chlorophenoxy) isobutyrate) on cholesterol levels in rats fed a high-fat cholesterol diet was investigated. The efficacy of tocofibrate in reducing blood cholesterol levels was comparable to that of clofibrate, a compound with known hypocholesterolemic activity. To investigate further the mechanism underlying the action of tocofibrate, the intracellular distribution of the compound in liver was examined. The results indicate that the distribution of tocofibrate clearly differs from that of both clofibrate and alpha-tocofibrate is primarily associated with its effect upon liver peroxisomes. PMID- 7129073 TI - Actions of D 600 on isolated rabbit aorta. AB - 1. The actions of D 600 (10(-9)-10(-4) M) on various phases of NE- or Ca2+ induced contractions of rabbit isolated aorta were determined in Ca2+-free medium. 2. D 600 inhibited the slow phase of contraction with EC50 approximately equal to 3 X 30(-8) M, but affected the rapid phase of contraction only at 10(-4) M. 3. D 600 increased the relaxation that followed the rapid phase of NE-induced contraction in Ca2+-free medium with EC50 approximately equal to 1.5 X 10(-5) M. 4. The method described might be useful for further studies on Ca2+-antagonists. PMID- 7129075 TI - The effect of isoproterenol on some aspects of the anaerobic metabolism of carbohydrates in mouse submandibular gland. AB - 1. The effect of isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic drug, on some aspects of the anaerobic metabolism of carbohydrates in the submandibular salivary glands of mice was studied. 2. Alterations in enzymatic activities and in the concentrations of some metabolites were observed in groups of animals killed at various times after the stimulation. 3. The potential capacity of the pentose phosphate cycle was greater than that of glycolysis up to 20 hr after the stimulation. PMID- 7129077 TI - Ultimobranchial gland of the freshwater snake Natrix piscator schneider. PMID- 7129076 TI - Inhibition of [3H]adenosine binding by stereoisomers of oxazepam hemisuccinate in guinea-pig brain synaptosomes. AB - 1. The stereoisomers of oxazepam sodium hemisuccinate have been tested for their ability to inhibit the [3H]adenosine binding in guinea-pig brain synaptosomes. 2. All three stereoisomers were able to inhibit the [3H]adenosine binding in a dose dependent fashion. 3. The IC20 values of the D-, DL- and L-stereoisomers were approximately 5 X 10(-5) M, 7.5 X 10(-5) M and 10(-4) M respectively. 4. The results are consistent with hypothesis that adenosine may be the endogenous substrata mediating some actions of the benzodiazepines. PMID- 7129079 TI - Plasma corticosterone levels in Notomys alexis, a native australian desert rodent. PMID- 7129078 TI - Corpus luteum - uterine relationships in the control of uterine contraction in the lizard Anolis carolinensis. PMID- 7129074 TI - Central effect of ergometrine on gastric acid secretion in rats. AB - 1. The ergot alkaloid ergometrine administered by rapid intravenous injection (0.5--4 mg/kg) or by continuous intravenous infusion (0.5--2 mg/kg per hr) stimulated gastric acid secretion in rats and its effect was antagonized by cimetidine (2 mg/kg per hr). 2. The gastric stimulant action can be elicited also by intracerebro-ventricular administration (25--100 micrograms) suggesting a central mechanism of action of ergometrine. PMID- 7129080 TI - Seasonal variation in photogonadal response of the tropical weaver bird. PMID- 7129081 TI - Ovarian motility in mated Rhodnius prolixus requires an intact cerebral neurosecretory system. PMID- 7129086 TI - Effects of calcitonin on ultrastructure and mineral content of bone and scales of the cichlid teleost Sarotherodon mossambicus. PMID- 7129083 TI - Calcium regulation in the embryonic chick. I. Effect of parathyroidectomy and ultimobranchialectomy during late embryogenesis. PMID- 7129082 TI - Role of thyroid in the response of bill pigmentation to male hormone of the house sparrow, Passer domesticus. PMID- 7129085 TI - Ultrastructural changes in the adenohypophysis during the ovarian cycle of the viviparous teleost Poecilia latipinna. I. The gonadotrophic cells. PMID- 7129084 TI - Synthesis and degradation of C16 juvenile hormone (JH III) during the final two stadia of the cockroach, Diploptera punctata. PMID- 7129087 TI - Seasonal variations in mink (Mustela vison) plasma prolactin measured by heterologous radioimmunoassay. PMID- 7129090 TI - Thyroid - gonad and thyroid - body weight relationship in the red-vented bulbul, Molpastes cafer. PMID- 7129091 TI - Cognitive self-modeling, conventional group counselling, and change in interpersonal skills. AB - This study compared Cognitive Self-Modeling [CSM(N = 39)]--a new treatment using a highly structured, cognitively oriented approach to increasing interpersonal skills among adolescents--with Conventional Group Counselling [CGC(N = 40)]--a widely accepted nondirective approach. A no-treatment group of which about half were pretested, served as a control [NTC(N = 18)]. Students (N = 97, mean age = 16.5) in a school setting were administered self-report trait and behavior indices at pretest, posttest (six weeks), follow-up-1 (10 weeks) and follow-up-2 (52 weeks). In addition, a measure of participation in clubs and organizations was administered at pre and posttest. Scheffe post hoc analyses revealed significant results for both treatment groups: CSM changes occurred early (posttest) and generally remained stable over time (follow-up-1 and 2), whereas CGC changes emerged slowly with significant findings on all measures at follow-up 2. NTC volunteers made no significant changes. Also, no differences were obtained between students who were pretested and those who were not, indicating that pretesting made no contribution to outcome. PMID- 7129088 TI - The effects of cortisol treatment on carbohydrate and protein metabolism in Fundulus heteroclitus. PMID- 7129089 TI - The role of erythropoietin, testosterone, and l-thyroxine in the tissue oxygen consumption and erythropoiesis of spotted munia, lonchura punctulata. PMID- 7129093 TI - Localization of minutes to specific polytene chromosome bands by means of overlapping duplications. AB - Overlapping duplications recovered as suppressors of Minute loci have been used to localize M(2)z and M(3)w(124) to specific polytene bands 25A1(2) and 95A1(2). The surprising efficiency of M localization by duplication may result from the tendency of M suppressors to be at least a visible fraction of a polytene band in length. PMID- 7129092 TI - A genetic analysis of tetrahymena that have aborted normal development. AB - Conjugating Tetrahymena can abort the sexual cycle before the production of progeny somatic (macro-) nuclei and return to vegetative growth. We have analyzed the germinal (micronuclear) genotypes of these cells in order to determine the stage at which they aborted conjugation. Our data demonstrate that nearly all of these cells attempt meiosis, but that very few reach the successful completion of cross-fertilization. The resulting micronuclear genotypes suggest that either germinal chromosomes or entire nuclei are lost during an unsuccessful attempt at meiosis or cross-fertilization. We conclude that the decision to develop progeny macronuclei is made during meiosis and is dependent on the completion of some step necessary for successful cross-fertilization. PMID- 7129094 TI - DDx and management of upper extremity vascular diseases. PMID- 7129095 TI - Geriatrics: significance for family physicians. PMID- 7129096 TI - Cataract surgery--when and how. PMID- 7129097 TI - Management options in urticaria and angioedema. PMID- 7129098 TI - Recognizing chronic salicylate intoxication in the elderly. PMID- 7129099 TI - Age peculiarities of human motor control in aging. AB - A clinicophysiological investigation of motor control was carried out in 199 apparently healthy, socially active elderly (aged 60-69 years) and long-living (90 years and over) subjects in order to establish the peculiarities of the motor sphere specific to age-related changes of the nervous system. Analyzing the experimentally induced state of readiness (intention) before a spontaneous movement, we found an increase with age in the latent period of the muscle intentional activity (IA) parallel to an increase in the latent period of the spontaneous movement, a decrease in IA amplitude with more frequent structural deviations of the EMG in the prestarting period and a reduction of the required IA selectiveness. The described changes in the organization of readiness for a spontaneous movement seemed to be related with age impairment of supraspinal (mainly corticospinal) influences and may be used for an explanation of a number of clinical peculiarities of human motor control in late ontogenesis. PMID- 7129100 TI - Pharmacokinetics of theophylline in young and elderly subjects. AB - Theophylline kinetics were evaluated in 6 elderly (age 65-75 years) and 5 young (age 22-28 years), nonsmoking males following the oral administration of 200 mg of Elixophylline. Theophylline serum concentration in the postabsorptive phase declined in a monoexponential manner. Total body clearance, elimination half life, volume of distribution and protein binding were determined. There were no statistically significant differences in these kinetic parameters between the elderly and young subjects. Therefore, advancing age should not be used as a sole factor in the adjustment of theophylline dosage. PMID- 7129101 TI - Investigation of the pathogenesis of glaucoma capsulare with special discussion of alpha 1 Lp and Cp in aqueous humor. AB - The aqueous humor proteins of exfoliation syndrome were studied qualitatively by crossed immunoelectrophoresis and compared with normal controls. Two kinds of macromolecules (alpha 1-lipoprotein and ceruloplasmin) were detected more frequently in exfoliation syndrome than in the normal controls. Alpha 1 Lp was detected in eight of ten patients with exfoliation syndrome, but in none of the eight controls. Cp was detected in seven of ten patients with exfoliation syndrome, but in only one of the eight controls. The presence of these macromolecules in the anterior chamber suggests high permeability of vessels in the exfoliation syndrome. This interpretation is also supported by the fact that neovascularization is sometimes present in the iris of the exfoliation syndrome. In the aqueous humor from a patient with diabetic retinopathy, ten kinds of aqueous humor proteins were identified. PMID- 7129103 TI - Changes in the electroretinogram and visual evoked potentials during general anaesthesia using enflurane. AB - Fourteen female patients 27.7 +/- 10.0 years of age were studied by electrophysiological means before and during general anaesthesia. A mixture of thiopentone sodium, enflurane and nitrous oxide was used for anaesthesia. Electroretinogram (ERG) and visual evoked potentials (VEP) were recorded with electrodes placed on the lower lid and scalp and an averaging technique was used. The recordings were made under standard conditions with the pupils dilated, the eyes adapted to the dark and after 15-20 min stable anaesthesia. The latency of the a-wave did not change, whereas the b-wave was delayed (P less than 0.01). The amplitude of the a-wave tended to decrease; however, an increase of amplitude was also present. Therefore the change was not significant. The b-wave was unchanged. Changes induced by anaesthesia were often noted in the shape of P130, where a change from V to W-form took place or the reverse. The latencies of the late components N180 and P220 were increased during anaesthesia (P = 0.006 and P = 0.001, respectively). No statistically significant change occurred in the N180 and P220 amplitudes. The amplitudes of N60 and P130 became smaller (P = 0.002 and P = 0.0003, respectively) during anaesthesia. The effect of enflurane on the components of the VEP seems to indicate a cortical site of action. PMID- 7129102 TI - A technique for controlled sensory denervation of the rabbit cornea. AB - Complications arising from the procedure to produce denervation of the cornea have made experiments on the trophic role of trigeminal nerve difficult. In this study, controlled lesions of the rabbit trigeminal ganglion were produced by radio-frequency thermocoagulation, delivered by a needle electrode inserted through the soft palate of the mouth. The advantages of the procedure were low mortality (less than 5%), permanent destruction of sensory neurons, and absence of spurious ocular effects. Two lesion sizes were reliably produced: 1. The smaller circumscribed lesion resulted in loss of corneal sensitivity, but preserved spontaneous blinking. 2. The larger lesion extended across the ganglion, abolished corneal sensation and spontaneous blink activity. PMID- 7129104 TI - [Unilateral keratitis caused by a Chlamydia trachomatis subtype]. PMID- 7129105 TI - Binocular visual function after surgery for detached retina. AB - Binocular visual function after surgery for detached retina was examined in 100 patients with a visual acuity of less than 0.3 in the reattached retina and with a visual acuity of more than 1.0 in the non-detached retina: 1) There was no significant sex difference in binocular visual function. 2) There was no significant difference in binocular visual function according to postoperative interval. 3) Maintenance of postoperative binocular visual function was best in patients under 19 years of age, and grew worse with age. 4) In patients with a visual acuity of more than 0.1 in the reattached retina, simultaneous perception was good in 100%, and fusion in more than 80%. However, stereopsis was worse in most cases. 5) In patients with a visual acuity of less than 0.1 in the reattached retina, all aspects of binocular visual function were worse, except in those under 19 years of age. 6) There was no significant difference in binocular visual function between patients with and without temporary amputation of extrinsic ocular muscles at operation. 7) There was no significant difference in binocular visual function between patients with and without macular detachment before operation. 8) In the patients who had had an encircling operation, binocular visual function was worse than in those operated on with other procedures, because the former had the severest retinal detachment. PMID- 7129106 TI - [Possibilities of locating foreign bodies by computed tomography]. AB - Clinical and experimental examinations are described for the localization of intra-ocular and intra-orbital foreign bodies by CT scan. The minimal detectable diameter size was 0.2 X 0.3 mm for metal, and 0.5 mm for glass. We had difficulty in distinguishing wood from air bubbles, mainly in the retrobulbar space. First clinical results have shown CT-localization to be useful in cases where conventional X-ray techniques led to doubtful results. PMID- 7129107 TI - Preparation of gels from hyaluronate solutions. AB - Stable, transparent gels can be prepared from hyaluronate solutions by adding CuSO4. The best gelation was found using solutions of 2 mg/ml hyaluronate in glass-distilled water at a pH of 6.2 after the addition of 1 mg/ml CuSO4. Methylation of the carboxyl groups of the hyaluronate completely abolished the gelation, indicating the importance of the carboxyl groups for the gel formation with Cu2+ ions. Gelation also depends on the molecular size of the hyaluronate, since hyaluronate was not able to form a gel after depolymerization with hyaluronidase. PMID- 7129109 TI - Reversible choroidal vascular insufficiency without infarction in temporal arteritis. PMID- 7129110 TI - [Mean lethal time for animals as a parameter for predicting the chronic toxicity of substances]. PMID- 7129108 TI - [Investigations of the efficacy and bio-availability of different pilocarpine eye drops]. AB - The efficacy of three pilocarpine preparations in different concentrations (pilocarpine borate 0.5%, 1%, 2%; pilocarpine hydrochloride 0.5%, 1%, 2%; pilocarpine nitrate 1%, 2%) was investigated in 57 glaucomatous patients. Pilocarpine borate reduced intraocular pressure more effectively than either of the other pilocarpine solutions. The 2% concentration had a particularly prolonged effect. This finding corresponded well with pilocarpine levels in the aqueous humour of rabbits, as determined by spectrophotometric analysis. Pilocarpine borate 2% revealed an almost two-fold amount of drug compared to the 2% hydrochloride and nitrate solutions, and a detectable pilocarpine level was present for a longer period as well. PMID- 7129111 TI - [Patterns in the migration of harmful substances from polymeric construction materials]. PMID- 7129113 TI - [Hygienic problems of the instructional regimen for schoolchildren with chronic lung diseases]. PMID- 7129112 TI - [Physiological hygiene basis for the optimal ratio of body proportion and the parameters of classroom furniture]. PMID- 7129116 TI - [Improved preventive health inspection of the design and introduction of new technology]. PMID- 7129115 TI - [Deontology for the health officer on the hygiene of children and adolescents]. PMID- 7129114 TI - [Generative function as a biologically important index in hygienic standards for a low-frequency electrical field]. PMID- 7129117 TI - [Separate determination of nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere]. PMID- 7129119 TI - [Determination of furadan and its metabolites in biomedia by thin-layer chromatography]. PMID- 7129118 TI - [Photometric determination of boron compounds in the atmosphere]. PMID- 7129122 TI - [Improved system of standards for the air quality over populated places]. PMID- 7129121 TI - [Cardiovascular system status in an experiment on animals]. PMID- 7129120 TI - [Gas chromatographic determination of trace amounts of styrene in solutions simulating food products]. PMID- 7129123 TI - [Establishment of the maximum permissible concentration of lead and its compounds in the air of pollution centers]. PMID- 7129125 TI - [Patterns of pollution distribution in seaport water areas]. PMID- 7129124 TI - [Use of geochemical methods of study for the tentative hygienic assessment of the effect of airports on the environment]. PMID- 7129126 TI - [Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from patients with wound infections to basic disinfectants and antibiotics]. PMID- 7129127 TI - [Use of the chemical kinetics concept in analyzing the interaction of the body and atmospheric pollutants]. PMID- 7129128 TI - [Experimental establishment of the MPEL for isophthaloyl chloride in reservoir water]. PMID- 7129130 TI - [Hygienic standard for plictran in reservoir water]. PMID- 7129129 TI - [Establishment of the maximum permissible concentration for oxamide in reservoir water]. PMID- 7129131 TI - [Combined effect of tungsten and sulfurous anhydride on the body]. PMID- 7129132 TI - [Results of a study of the possible blastomogenic action of ciodrin]. PMID- 7129133 TI - [Sanitary-bacteriological evaluation of the treatment of animal husbandry effluents in Licom treatment facilities]. PMID- 7129134 TI - [Physical development of adolescents coming to Siberia from other climatic zones]. PMID- 7129135 TI - [Bioclimate and the physical development of schoolchildren in Tyumen and Surgut]. PMID- 7129136 TI - [Growth in the number of erythrocytes and leukocytes in chemical air pollution]. PMID- 7129137 TI - [Experimental study of the dosage dependence of the effect of noise]. PMID- 7129140 TI - [Experimental study of zinc phosphate toxicity]. PMID- 7129138 TI - [Combined and joint action of the physical factors of the gas releases from polymer materials on board ships]. PMID- 7129139 TI - [Adaptive processes under different regimens of kelthane administration]. PMID- 7129141 TI - [Physiological optimization of the work of miners]. PMID- 7129143 TI - [Classification of the thermal states of sick children]. PMID- 7129144 TI - [Level of biological maturity and the type of somatic constitution in evaluating the physical growth of schoolchildren]. PMID- 7129145 TI - [Dynamics of the integral indices of mental work capacity and the distribution of the extracurricular time budget of adolescents studying at a vocational training center]. PMID- 7129142 TI - [Hygienic regulation of selective organophosphorus extractants]. PMID- 7129146 TI - [Characteristics of bone system development in children and adolescents with retarded growth]. PMID- 7129148 TI - [Determination of the penetration of gaseous substances through a Lepestok-type sorption-filter respirator]. PMID- 7129147 TI - [Method for the quantitative integral evaluation of fatigue]. PMID- 7129149 TI - [Photometric method of determining di(2-ethylhexyl)phenylphosphate in air]. PMID- 7129150 TI - [Effect of tocopherol on the hematological indices in lead poisoning]. PMID- 7129151 TI - [Determination of the permissible exposures and the length of service for workers exposed to harmful factors]. PMID- 7129152 TI - [Regulation of prometryne in the soil]. PMID- 7129153 TI - [5-Day academic week and the functional status of pupils in the beginning classes]. PMID- 7129154 TI - [Comparative study of the metabolic reactions to different routes of hexavalent chromium uptake in the body of experimental animals]. PMID- 7129155 TI - [Destruction of polyvinyl chloride during extrusion]. PMID- 7129156 TI - [Hygienic characteristics of the indoor air environment with artificial ionization]. PMID- 7129157 TI - [Lead content in the biosubstrates of workers as a ratio of its concentrations in the air of the work area]. PMID- 7129158 TI - [Health and hygiene aspects of the reprocessing of oil-containing wastes]. PMID- 7129159 TI - [Working conditions of the workers on specialized potato-raising farms]. PMID- 7129160 TI - [Hygienic standard for the maximum permissible level of diamet-D residues in food products]. PMID- 7129161 TI - [Optimal reserves of the cardiorespiratory system of students with various health impairments]. PMID- 7129162 TI - [Toxicology of new chemical compounds]. PMID- 7129163 TI - Measured inflation and the elderly, 1973 to 1981. PMID- 7129164 TI - Religiosity in an older black population. PMID- 7129166 TI - Participation motives of older adults in higher education: the Elderhostel experience. PMID- 7129165 TI - The transcendent standard: the religious ethos of the rural elderly. PMID- 7129167 TI - Facts on aging: an Australian validation. PMID- 7129168 TI - Memory training for severe memory loss: effects on senile dementia patients and their families. PMID- 7129169 TI - Two successful interventions in nursing homes: the therapeutic effects of cognitive activity. PMID- 7129170 TI - Aging and its relationship to health knowledge and medication compliance. PMID- 7129171 TI - Fear of crime among the elderly: the role of crime prevention programs. PMID- 7129172 TI - Groups with relatives of dependent older adults. PMID- 7129173 TI - Congregate housing for the elderly: thirteen years later. PMID- 7129174 TI - Deinstitutionalizing nursing home patients: potential versus impediments. PMID- 7129177 TI - Frequency of visitation in nursing homes: patterns of contact across the boundaries of total institutions. PMID- 7129176 TI - The impact of visitation on patient well-being in nursing homes. PMID- 7129178 TI - The relationship of ownership and size to quality of care in Wisconsin nursing homes. PMID- 7129175 TI - The effects of varying degrees of interinstitutional environmental change on long term care patients. PMID- 7129179 TI - Occupation as a motivating factor in retirement migration: an extreme case study. PMID- 7129180 TI - A new index for measuring demographic aging. PMID- 7129184 TI - [Jones' metroplasty. Report of 2 cases]. PMID- 7129182 TI - [Treatment of Candida vulvovaginitis with clotrimazole in a 2% vaginal cream for 3 days]. PMID- 7129183 TI - [Maternal mortality at the Hospital Central Militar]. PMID- 7129181 TI - [Application of intrauterine devices preceded by measurement of the endometrial cavity using a Hollister sound]. PMID- 7129186 TI - [Indices of body nonspecific resistance in silicosis and silicotuberculosis]. PMID- 7129185 TI - [Occupational and "paraoccupational" diseases in workers of the mining industry in the Far North]. PMID- 7129187 TI - [Hydrocortisone phonophoresis in the combined treatment of pneumoconiosis complicated by chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 7129188 TI - [Role of industrial factors in the development of cardiovascular system diseases in the workers of a ferrochrome smelting shop]. PMID- 7129190 TI - [Effect of local vibration in fragmented dosage for setting up a model safe exposure schedule]. PMID- 7129191 TI - [Hygienic prognosis of the working conditions in the wide introduction of plasma technology]. PMID- 7129189 TI - [Use of conjunctival biomicroscopy for the early diagnosis and assessment of the effectiveness of pathogenetic therapy of chronic chromium poisoning]. PMID- 7129194 TI - [Importance of aspiration bronchography in detecting ventilation disturbances in occupational lung diseases]. PMID- 7129193 TI - [Metalloconioses (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 7129195 TI - [Initial changes in the bronchopulmonary apparatus in cotton dust exposure]. PMID- 7129196 TI - [Effectiveness of periodic medical examinations in preventing occupational diseases]. PMID- 7129197 TI - [Industrial hygiene of modern thermoelectric power stations]. PMID- 7129192 TI - [Autoallergic reaction in the heart of experimental animals exposed to beryllium oxide (BeO) and chloride (BeC12)]. PMID- 7129198 TI - [X-ray and endoscopic study of the state of the stomach in geophysicists]. PMID- 7129200 TI - [Physiological and ergonomic optimization of the control panel for mechanized timbering]. PMID- 7129202 TI - Relative growth of oocyte, nurse cells and follicular epithelium during oogenesis in the fly Sarcophaga ruficornis (Diptera). AB - The relative growth of the vitellarial components of Sarcophaga ruficornis, a flesh fly, is recorded both in linear dimensions and volumes for each of the 12 stages of their development. The oocyte grows enormously, up to 24,828 times initial volume, the oocyte nucleus during the same period increases 159 times initial volume. The nurse cells and follicular epithelial cells grow only during the previtellogenic stages and decline thereafter in the process of furnishing nourishment to the oocyte, ultimately becoming indistinct. PMID- 7129199 TI - [Toxicological and hygienic evaluation of glass ceramic cement]. PMID- 7129201 TI - Allometry and multivariate growth revisited. AB - Turner (1978) introduced a class of deterministic models to describe multivariate growth processes along with a least squares fitting procedure. Turner's fitting procedure is shown to be ill founded and the methods of inference associated with it dangerously misleading. An alternative class of stochastic models is introduced; this is largely based on Turner's generalization of allometry and the Lotka-Volterra equations. The associated fitting procedure is the method of maximum likelihood which allows valid inferences to be made. As an example of the superiority of this new class of models in describing multivariate growth processes one of the data sets analysed by Turner is reconsidered here. Some general comments are made on Turner's analysis of the famous lynx and hare data. PMID- 7129203 TI - Neuromuscular and vascular hamartoma of small bowel. AB - Two examples of a hitherto undescribed hamartomatous condition of the small intestine are presented. They consist of fascicles of smooth muscle derived from the muscularis mucosae, bundles of unmyelinated nerve fibres with scattered ganglion cells, and haemangiomatous vessels, occurring focally within a segment of the intestine, and causing stenosis. PMID- 7129204 TI - Biliary lipid secretion in chronic cholestatic liver disease. AB - Biliary lipid secretion rates, faecal steroids, and serum lipids were studied in patients with chronic cholestatic liver disease mainly primary biliary cirrhosis. The biliary secretion of cholesterol, bile acids, and phospholipids was markedly decreased as compared with those in the control group and in general correlated negatively with the serum cholesterol and triglyceride values. The molar percentage of cholesterol was increased in the hepatic bile. This suggests that, in cholestatic liver disease, in contrast with the normal state, the hapatic bile may be supersaturated postprandially. Faecal bile acids and neutral sterols of cholesterol origin were decreased proportionately to the corresponding biliary lipid secretion rates. In fact, both biliary and faecal steroid outputs were only about a half or less than those in the controls, indicating that the fractional absorption was not changed but absolute absorption and faecal steroid excretion were low in patients with chronic cholestatic liver disease. Thus, despite low cholesterol and bile acid absorption, cholesterol and bile acid synthesis is low. A negative correlation between faecal steroids and serum cholesterol suggests that the high serum cholesterol level contributed to regulation of cholesterol synthesis. PMID- 7129205 TI - Effect of prolonged exercise on the passage of a solid meal through the stomach and small intestine. AB - The effect of intermittent moderate exercise on the passage of a solid meal, labelled with radioactive Technetium sulphur colloid, through the stomach and small intestine was investigated by paired studies on seven healthy volunteers. Measurements of gastric radioactivity and breath hydrogen exertion were recorded every 10 minutes while subjects exercised in a controlled manner while seated on a bicycle ergometer. These were compared with values obtained during a separate experiment while the same subjects sat upright in a chair. Exercise significantly accelerated gastric emptying (control t 1/2 = 1.5 +/- 0.1 h; exercise t 1/2 = 1.2 +/- 0.1 h; p less than 0.02) but had no significant effect on small bowel transit time. PMID- 7129206 TI - Lactose malabsorption in Greek adults: correlation of small bowel transit time with the severity of lactose intolerance. AB - Using breath hydrogen analysis after 139 mmol (50 g) oral lactose load, we investigated the prevalence of lactose malabsorption in 200 Greek adults and examined the relationship between symptoms and small bowel transit time. One hundred and fifty subjects had increased breath hydrogen concentrations (greater than 20 ppm) after the lactose load. In these individuals peak breath hydrogen concentration was inversely related to small bowel transit time (r = 0.63, 6 = 6.854, p less than 0.001) and the severity of symptoms decreased with increasing small bowel transit time. Lactose malabsorbers with diarrhoea during the lactose tolerance test had a small bowel transit time of 51 +/- 22 minutes (x +/- SD; n = 90) which was significantly shorter than the small bowel transit time of patients with colicky pain, flatulence, and abdominal distension (74 +/- 30, n = 53; p less than 0.001) and both groups had significantly shorter small bowel transit time than that of asymptomatic malabsorbers (115 +/- 21 n:7; p less than 0.001). When the oral lactose load was reduced to 33 mmol (12 g), the small bowel transit time increased five-fold and the overall incidence of diarrhoea and/or symptoms decreased dramatically. These results indicate that the prevalence of lactase deficiency in Greece may be as high as 75% and suggest that symptom production in lactose malabsorbers is brought about by the rapid passage down the small intestine of the malabsorbed lactose. PMID- 7129207 TI - Plasma prednisolone levels during intravenous therapy in acute colitis. AB - Maximum plasma levels in six acute colitics were about three times greater after an intravenous bolus of 20 mg prednisolone than the mean level achieved during infusion of the same dose (p<0.001) over eight hours; the level during infusion was about twice as great as the maximum recorded previously after a single 40 mg oral dose of prednisolone. These findings favour the use of intravenous administration in severe acute colitis. No difference was found between plasma levels of patients and six normal subjects after the intravenous bolus. PMID- 7129209 TI - Jejunal villous atrophy with morbid obesity: death after jejunoileal bypass. AB - A 49-year-old woman with morbid obesity was found to have subtotal villous atrophy in an operative jejunal biopsy, taken when a jejunoileal bypass was created. After the operation, the patient developed marked weight loss, vomiting, hepatic failure, and a bizarre mental state with sudden losses of consciousness. Six months after the first operation the bypass was reversed but the patient developed hepatorenal failure and died one week after the second operation. The histological features of several biopsies of jejunum were typical of a gluten sensitive enteropathy. This, previously subclinical, small bowel disease may have contributed to her hepatic failure and death by interfering with jejunoileal adaptation. In the absence of any of the other, rarer, causes of villous atrophy, this woman appears to have had coeliac disease. PMID- 7129210 TI - Mass screening for cancer of the uterine cervix in Miyagi Prefecture. PMID- 7129208 TI - Ambulatory monitoring of oesophageal pH in reflux oesophagitis using a portable radiotelemetry system. AB - Gastro-oesophageal reflux has been assessed in 10 symptomatic patients and 10 asymptomatic normal subjects during a study period of 24 hours at work and in the home using a newly developed pH sensitive radiotelemetry capsule and a portable receiving system. Oesophageal pH was continuously monitored by the tethered radiotelemetry capsule and recorded with a portable receiver and a 24-hour cassette recorder, allowing the patient complete freedom of movement so that ambulatory studies could be undertaken during a normal working day. The number and duration of reflux episodes was greater in symptomatic patients than normal subjects during 24-hour studies at home (p less than 0.002). In both groups, reflux occurred more during the day than at night (p less than 0.01). Patients refluxed significantly more at home than when they were in hospital (p less than 0.01). Ambulatory outpatient oesophageal pH monitoring may be useful in the management of patients with atypical symptoms and may demonstrate significant reflux when inpatient investigations and endoscopy findings show minimal abnormality. PMID- 7129211 TI - Management of primary vaginal carcinoma. PMID- 7129213 TI - Ovarian cystadenofibromas in three women with antenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol. PMID- 7129212 TI - Carcinoma of the endometrium: review of experience at a community hospital, 1971 1977. PMID- 7129214 TI - Factors influencing the results of radiotherapy in cases of inoperable endometrial cancer. PMID- 7129215 TI - The effect of endocervical gland involvement on the cure rates of patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia undergoing cryosurgery. PMID- 7129216 TI - Carcinoma of the uterine cervix FIGO Stage I-B. PMID- 7129217 TI - Sexual function after conization of the uterine cervix. PMID- 7129220 TI - Vulvar carcinoma in situ: a report of 28 cases. PMID- 7129219 TI - Age and 5-year survival rates in patients with operated carcinoma of the cervix. PMID- 7129218 TI - Squamous carcinoma in situ of the vulva. PMID- 7129223 TI - 45,X complete hydatidiform mole. PMID- 7129221 TI - Sensitivity to anticancer agents in vitro: standardizing the cytotoxic response and characterizing the sensitivities of a reference cell line. PMID- 7129224 TI - [Amniotic fluid puncture in late pregnancy - a dangerous procedure?]. PMID- 7129222 TI - Adenocarcinoma of the vagina arising in endometriosis: long-term survival following radiation therapy. PMID- 7129225 TI - [Results of a longitudinal study on the psychological acceptance of contraception with Multiload Cu 250]. PMID- 7129226 TI - [1 year's catamnesis of a longitudinal study on the psychological acceptance of contraception with Multiload Cu 250. Final report]. PMID- 7129228 TI - [Experiences with a new drug, Solcogyn, for the treatment of cervical erosion]. PMID- 7129227 TI - [Serum lipoproteins in the normal menstrual cycle. Qualitative and quantitative studies]. PMID- 7129229 TI - In vivo endocrine studies and morphological features in a case of hilus cell tumor in mesovarium. AB - In a 38-year-old white woman with a virilizing mesovarium hilus cell tumor and polycystic ovaries, serum levels of 13 hormones were measured under different conditions. Endocrine studies showed that testosterone was the principal secretory product of tumor cells. Androstenedione, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate were normal. Light and electron microscopic investigations of the tumor showed polygonal cells containing intracytoplasmic Reinke crystalloids. Immunoperoxidase studies demonstrated the presence of testosterone within tumor cells. PMID- 7129231 TI - Biochemical studies on acid phosphatase in human placenta and fetal liver during development. AB - Activity and a few physiochemical properties of acid phosphatase (ACP) have been studied in different subcellular fractions of developing human placenta and fetal liver. The enzyme activity is discernible in all subfractions of each tissue already in the 6th week of gestation. The activity of the hydrolase in 20,000 g pellet, 105,000 g pellet and in 105,000 g supernatant of the placenta and in all fractions of the liver increases significantly with advancement of pregnancy until 26 weeks and declines in term placenta. However, 800 and 10,000 g pellets of the placenta show a gradual decrease in ACP activity with progression of gestation. Experiment with different inhibitors reveals that each tissue contains at least two types of ACP--a soluble one and a sedimentable one. It appears from the Lineweaver-Burk plot of kinetic study that sedimentable form has low Km and high Vmax values. Ag+, Cu++, Hg++, Co++ and Zn++ are inhibitory, while Fe++ and EDTA are stimulatory to the enzyme. The effect of different detergents, particularly with sodium deoxycholate and Triton X-100, shows the increase of the hydrolase activity, indicating 'latent nature' of the enzyme. PMID- 7129230 TI - Ultrastructure of rabbit endosalpinx and glycoprotein pattern of the oviduct fluid in the presence of copper intrauterine devices. AB - Oviduct fluid was collected from 24 mature female rabbits in estrus fitted with a copper intrauterine device (IUD) in one of the uterine horns by laparotomy and examined for total sugar and protein content. The percentage of total sugar in the dry protein-containing material from the experimental side was 7.3 compared to 5.2 from the control side. The percentage of total protein was 67.0% of the total dry material from the experimental side, compared to 77.7% in the control side. Cellulose acetate electrophoresis confirmed these findings, demonstrating an increase in the strength of the periodic acid-Schiff stain bands of the glycoproteins from the copper IUD side and a weaker Ponceau-S stain of the protein bands. The ampullary-isthmic area and the uterotubal junction of both oviducts were examined with the scanning electron microscope. The secretory and ciliary cells on the copper IUD side were damaged in these two areas. These changes can be attributed to the presence and action of the copper ions in the oviduct milieu. PMID- 7129232 TI - Relative fatty acid composition of serum lecithin in the second half of the normal pregnancy. AB - Fasting vein blood samples from 21 apparently normal pregnant women were collected in 4-week intervals from the 24th week of gestation until delivery. The relative fatty acid composition of serum lecithin was analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. Palmitic acid increased successively concomitant with a decrease in stearic acid which indicates that serum lecithin is predominantly synthesized along pathway I. Linoleic acid decreased successively parallel to an increased incorporation of longer polyunsaturated fatty acids and non-essential monoenoic (palmitoleic and oleic) acids. The increased incorporation of longer polyunsaturated fatty acids is suggested to be associated with the increased activity of the deacylation-reacylation cycle. The increase of nonessential monoenoic fatty acids is suggested to be associated with a reduced de novo incorporation of linoleic acid. PMID- 7129234 TI - Sialic acid and enzymatic desialation of cord blood fibrinogen. AB - Fibrinogen-bound sialic acid was determined in a large series of normal adult, full-term pre-term cord blood samples. Sialic acid was significantly higher in the full-term cord fibrinogen than controls, and higher in premature than term samples. Enzymatic desialation of full-term fibrinogens corrected the abnormal thrombin times and fibrin polymerisation to normal or near-normal values. There was significant correlation between sialic acid content and thrombin time in full term cord samples. It is concluded that fetal fibrinogen is characterised by an elevated sialic acid content, and that the degree of hypersialation is a function of gestational age. PMID- 7129233 TI - Function and morphology of 111-In-labelled platelets. In vitro, in vivo and ex vivo studies. AB - 111In-labelled human platelets were aggregated with ADP and subjected to ultrastructural morphometric analysis. In addition, the hemostatic function in vivo and the ultrastructural morphology ex vivo of rabbit platelets were examined. The platelet isolation and labelling procedures exerted no certain influence on the aggregation response, and platelet surface/volume calculations did not indicate that platelet activation had taken place. Bleeding time experiments in rabbits indicated that the hemostatic effectiveness of the labelled platelets was unimpaired. Transfused 111In-labelled platelets isolated from the recipient rabbits exhibited fewer electromicroscopic signs of platelet activation than the same platelets prior to transfusion. Our results indicate that the described procedure for isolation and 111In-labelling of platelets induces only insignificant damage to the platelets. PMID- 7129235 TI - Intravenous infection of mice with Naegleria fowleri. AB - Naegleria fowleri produced fatal meningoencephalitis in mice following intravenous (i.v.) inoculation. Amebae were present in the peripheral circulation for 120 minutes after i.v. inoculation with a dose of 10(7) trophozoites per mouse. Amebae were cultured from and observed in brain (days 1-21), lung (days 1 12), and liver and kidney (days 1-5). Infected mice exhibited weight loss, leukocytosis, reduced lymphocyte/neutrophil ratio, neurologic symptoms, and mortality. Histologically, the disease was characterized by an acute, hemorrhagic, necrotizing meningoencephalitis. Although amebae were detected in tissues other than brain, pathologic involvement of these tissues was minimal. PMID- 7129236 TI - Naegleria fowleri in thermally polluted waters). AB - Two complexes of lakes and canals supplying water for two electric power plants, their steam condensors and an adjoining river were investigated by means of culture methods for the presence of Naegleria fowleri in Poland in the period from 1974 to 1980. Sixty-four strains of N. fowleri were isolated, 13 isolates being virulent for mice when instilled intranasally. These strains were found in the steam condensor of the power station A and in waters polluted with warm water of this plant. Pathogenic N. fowleri strains occurred also in an adjoining river connected with the water system of the power plant. The results show the possible role of the steam condensor A as an incubator and regular source of pollution with pathogenic amoebae for its own system of cooling waters and even the adjoining river. PMID- 7129237 TI - In vitro estimation of glycogen content in three sheep cestodes. AB - The glycogen content (fresh weight) was biochemically estimated in immature, mature and gravid proglottids of three cestodes, Avitellina centripunctata (Rivolta, 1874), Stilesia globipunctata (Rivolta, 1874) and Moniezia expansa (Rudolphi, 1910), having different niche in the small intestine of sheep. The glycogen gradient was in the order of mature greater than immature greater than gravid proglottids of each species of cestode. Maximum glycogen content was found to be in M. expansa and it was physiologically correlated with the presence of carbon dioxide in the posterior region of the intestine. PMID- 7129238 TI - The role of wild animals in the ecology of dermatophytes and related fungi. AB - The problems associated with infections by dermatophytes and related fungi are discussed. Published and unpublished surveys of 1 481 wild animals of the orders Carnivora, Ungulata, Lagomorpha, Rodentia, Insectivora and Chiroptera and of 29 birds proved to be positive for fungi which were classified as potentially pathogenic zoophilic, potentially pathogenic geophilic and normally non pathogenic geophilic. Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes was isolated from 11% of rodents; the fungus was also isolated from Insectivora, the hare and the ibex. T. mentagrophytes var. erinacei was reported in the hedgehog. Microsporum canis was reported in rodents from anthropogenic areas. M. gypseum was reported in Ungulata, Lagomorpha and Rodentia; other geophilic fungi were found in all the orders investigated, with the exception of Chiroptera which proved to be constantly negative. The relationship between the presence of animals and the "animalization" of the environment, and the consequent presence of geophilic fungi is discussed. It is concluded that wild animals may play a role as carriers of dermatophytes and related fungi, may create environmental conditions favourable to their growth and may help to monitor the presence of a fungus in a given area. PMID- 7129239 TI - [Evaluation of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) intended for use as topical anti-inflammatory drugs]. AB - A procedure which can serve as a possible basis for the laboratory study of the topical effect of NSAID was investigated in rats or guinea pigs. The effect of NSAID was greatly influenced by physical characteristics of the preparation such as drug particle size, solubility, ointment base and concentration of drug. Moreover, it was also found to be affected by many technical factors such as animal fixation, drug application times and methods (rubbing times or occlusive dressing technique) and amounts applied which play an important role in topical preparation. The topical application of NSAID ointment (1% of indomethacin, ketoprofen or diclofenac sodium) markedly inhibited the paw edema by carrageenin in rats. The inhibitory activity was the same as that of steroidal ointment (0.12% betamethasone 17-valerate or 0.05% fluocinonide), but was less than that by oral administration of these NSAID. Also, the NSAID ointment obviously inhibited the ultraviolet erythema in guinea pigs and the swelling in the hind feet of adjuvant arthritic rats. The inhibitory activities of NSAID ointments on these inflammatory responses were almost the same as those obtained by oral administration of such NSAID and more potent than those of steroidal ointments. Furthermore, NSAID ointments increased the pain threshold in the inflamed foot as determined by the method of Randall and Selitto. The analgesic activity of NSAID ointment was more potent than that of steroidal ointment, but less than that of NSAID administered orally. On the other hand, neither the systemic effects such as decrease in weight of the adrenals and thymus which were noted when steroidal ointment was used, nor the gastrointestinal lesions which were found by oral administration of NSAID, were recognized in rats in which NSAID ointment was applied topically. The anti-inflammatory effects of NSAID ointment correlated well with the drug concentration at the site of inflammation. These findings suggest that NSAID ointment has a clinical use in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. PMID- 7129240 TI - [Changes of the function of the heart of SART stressed (repeated cold stressed) mice and the action of neurotropin on these changes]. AB - Electrocardiography (ECG) was performed for SART stressed (repeated cold stressed) mice which had changes in blood pressure and blood flow to examine the effects of this treatment on heart function. In the ECG of mice subjected to SART stress for 5 days, potentiations of the R and T voltage, a shortening of the PQ interval, a prolongation of the QRS interval, and a slight increase of the heart rate were observed; and such changes in the ECG were maintained for several days. Recovery from all these changes was observed after a single dose or consecutive administration of propranolol. From these results, it is considered that sympathetic nerve activity may be increased in the function of the heart in SART stressed mice, as contrasted to the partial vagotonia in the duodenum. Neurotropin (NSP), a nerve sedative, was then administered to mice once daily for 5 days during the sart stress. NSP prevented the changes of the PQ and QRS interval in SART stressed mice, but could not prevent the potentiation of the R and T voltage and the heart rate increase. In particular, the potentiations of the R and T voltages were thought to be induced by the increase of sympathetic nerve activity; therefore, it is thought that NSP may not have direct actions at least on the sympathetic nerve sites in autonomic nervous systems. PMID- 7129241 TI - [Anti-inflammatory activity of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, zomepirac sodium, in experimental animals]. AB - Anti-inflammatory and gastrointestinal ulcerogenic activities of zomepirac sodium were investigated in experimental animals. The inhibitory activity of zomepirac sodium against carrageenin hind paw edema in rats, acetic acid-induced increase in vascular permeability in mice, and UV-erythema in guinea pigs was more potent than that of indomethacin. Anti-edema activity of zomepirac sodium was seen in adrenalectomized rats. Zomepirac sodium, like indomethacin, inhibited the delayed phase of hind paw edema produced by mixed phlogistics, but not the early phase mediated by histamine and serotonin in rats. Zomepirac sodium produced a dose dependent inhibition against granuloma formation, established adjuvant arthritis, and development of adjuvant arthritis in rats; and its activity was slightly less potent than that of indomethacin. The inhibitory activity of zomepirac sodium on PGE2 biosynthesis in vitro was about one-third that of indomethacin. The ulcerogenic activity of zomepirac sodium was about 5 times weaker than that of indomethacin. From these results, it was suggested that zomepirac sodium was effective on various types of inflammation and showed particularly potent inhibitory activity against acute inflammation. These findings suggest that the mode of action of zomepirac sodium is similar to that of other acidic non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. PMID- 7129242 TI - [Effects of flunarizine on cerebral venous outflow and cerebral oxygen consumption]. AB - 1) Flunarizine (0.3 and 1 mg/kg, i.v.) and papaverine (1 mg/kg, i.v.) caused significant increases in cerebral blood flow and decreases in cerebral vascular resistance with concomitant increases in cerebrospinal fluid pressure, in spite of decreases in systemic blood pressure. The duration of these effects by flunarizine were longer than those by papaverine. 2) Heart rate increased markedly with papaverine, while it decreased with flunarizine only at a dose of mg/kg, i.v. Central venous pressure increased slightly and temporarily with flunarizine, but it was not changed with papaverine. 3) Cerebral arteriovenous oxygen difference decreased with either of the drugs at a a dose of 1 mg/kg, i.v. Meanwhile, cerebral oxygen consumption was not affected by flunarizine or papaverine. 4) Either of the drugs increased the PO2 of the cerebral venous blood temporarily and slightly, but significantly, as well as the end tidal CO2 concentration. These results suggested that flunarizine has a longer acting cerebral vasodilatating effect that papaverine does without any effect on the cerebral oxygen consumption. PMID- 7129244 TI - [Effect of prazepam on experimental hypertensive models]. AB - Combined effects of prazepam and trichlormethiazide (TCM) which were given simultaneously were studied in renal hypertensive rats (1-kidney type) and DOCA hypertensive rats. In this study the blood pressure was measured by the plethysmographic method. Orally administered prazepam alone did not show any appreciable effect on the blood pressure, while TCM, even when administered alone, exhibited marked and long-lasting hypotensive effects of both hypertensive rats. In addition, the hypotensive effect of TCM was apparently potentiated by the concurrent use of prazepam. In the experiment where conscious and unconstricted spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) were used, the pressor response and tachycardia were observed when foot shock (acute stress) was loaded. This pressor response was the "all or none" type and a threshold existed. In contrast to the pressor response, the degree of tachycardia varied depending on the intensity of the stress. The similar responses were also observed in normotensive rats, although the degrees of the responses were significantly weaker than those in SHR. Prazepam given alone obviously suppressed the cardiovascular responses mentioned above. The present results suggest that prazepam is an useful drug for the treatment of hypertension. PMID- 7129243 TI - [A quantitative analysis of the phrenic nerve activities during the cough reflex]. AB - The phrenic nerve activity is an appropriate indicator for the output of the respiratory center as a whole, although a quantitative analysis of each of the frequency band components that constitute the neural activities during the respiratory reflex has not yet been made by other investigators. In the present study, we have made a quantitative analysis of each of the frequency band components of phrenic nerve activity during the cough reflex in anesthetized dogs. The efferent activities of the phrenic nerve were recorded from the central cut end of the phrenic nerve. Each fraction of phrenic nerve activity was separated into bands spanning a range of 100 Hz each by a variable filter and analyzed using a program for the power spectrum. The cough reflex was induced by mechanical stimulation of the tracheal mucosa. In the power spectrum analysis of each frequency band, increase in the power of each of the frequency band components was observed during the cough reflex. Particularly, the power of the 2 approximately 100 Hz band components increased significant as compared with the other frequency band components. Such as increase in the power of the 2 approximately 100 Hz band components toward the other frequency band components during the cough reflex was not observed after an i.v. administration of DMPP and lobeline, but the power increased extended over every frequency band. These findings suggest that the process for integrating the cough reflex was different from that of the other respiratory reflexes and that the present method is useful for investigating the central mechanisms of the cough reflex. PMID- 7129245 TI - [Study on the kinetics of mucus secreting cells in the gastrointestinal tract - effects of various drugs and hormones on the cell kinetics of the generative zone in mouse gastric mucosa]. AB - The effects of various antiulcer drugs and hormones on the cell kinetics of the mouse gastric mucosa were studied using an autoradiographic technique with 3H thymidine. The drugs or hormones were administered orally or parenterally once or twice a day for 7 consecutive days, and 3H-thymidine was injected after the last administration of the drug. The autoradiograph was prepared and then the labeling index was counted. Cimetidine (100 mg/kg X 2/day, p.o.), geranylgeranylacetone (GGA, 100 mg/kg X 2/day, p.o.) and Cu-chlorophyllin-Na (300 mg/kg X 2/day, p.o.) did not show any effect on the labeling indices in both the tissues of the fundic and pyloric glands, while carbenoxolone (100 mg/kg X 2/day), p.o.) reduced the labeling index in the pyloric glands. Tetragastrin (1 mg/kg X 1/day, i.m.) increased the labeling index in the fundic glands, whereas secretin did not affect it. Hydrocortisone (100 mg/kg X 1/day, S.C.) reduced the labeling index in the fundic glands, and this reducing effect was prevented by combining hydrocortisone with GGA. From these results, it was indicated that the labeling index in the normal mouse gastric generative zone was no influenced by the tested antiulcer drugs, except carbenoxolone; but the index was influenced by tetragastrin and hydrocortisone, especially in the fundic glands. It was also suggested that the changes in the cell kinetics of the gastric mucosa could be related to the etiology of gastric ulcer since there was a possibility that geranylgeranylacetone could control the action of hydrocortisone, an ulcerogenic agent, on the gastric mucosal cell-cycle. PMID- 7129246 TI - [Studies on the pharmacological bases of fetal toxicity of drugs. (I). Relation of fetal toxicity and tissue concentration of acetylsalicylic acid with pyrogen in pregnant rats]. AB - The mechanism for the enhancing effect of pyrogen (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) on the fetal toxicity of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) was studied in pregnant rats. The lethality of ASA was significantly enhanced by LPS in male rats. The fetal toxicity of ASA including fetal death, resorption, growth retardation, and skeletal anomalies (wavy rib and asymmetry of sternebra) was slightly observed in the dams that received a single dose of ASA (125 to 500 mg/kg, p.o.) on the 15th day of gestation, but it was markedly increased by LPS (20 micrograms/kg, i.v.). The enhancement of the toxicity of ASA by LPS was also observed in the maternal body weight gain until term. The plasma concentrations of ASA and salicylic acid (SA), the major metabolite of ASA, were increased by LPS. The tissue concentrations of SA were also increased in the following order: placenta, brain, fetus, uterus, liver and kidney. The ATP levels of placenta and fetus were not influenced by ASA alone, but markedly decreased by both LPS and ASA. PMID- 7129247 TI - [Studies on the pharmacological bases of fetal toxicity of drugs. (II). Effect of trypan blue on the pregnant rats and their offspring]. AB - We performed studies on the mechanisms for the teratogenicity of trypan blue (TB) that is known as a potent teratogenic dye in rodents. TB was administered to Wistar rats at various doses and at different stages of gestation. Teratogenicity and embryolethality were observed by a single (50 and 250 mg/kg) subcutaneous injection and three (25 and 50 mg/kg) subcutaneous injections of TB daily from day 7 of pregnancy. The incidences of malformations in groups given 50 and 250 mg/kg on day 7 were 12 and 59%, respectively. Most of the fetuses with external malformations were accompanied with skeletal and/or internal anomalies. The types of frequently occurring malformations were as follows: exencephaly, spina bifida, tail anomaly, vertebral deformity, hydrocephaly and heart anomaly. Fetal toxicity was decreased after treatment with the mixture of TB and normal rat serum. The serum level of TB in pregnant rats increased to 308 micrograms/ml at one hour after subcutaneous treatment with TB 50 mg/kg and decreased rapidly, but remained at 58 micrograms/ml 72 hours later. Lower serum levels of TB were observed in pregnant rats given TB with serum. No fetotoxic effects of serum from pregnant rats treated with TB were observed in recipient rats given the serum on day 7, 8 and 9 of pregnancy. PMID- 7129248 TI - [Effects of (E)-1-[bis (4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-4-(3-phenyl-2-propenyl) piperazine dihydrochloride(flunarizine) on cerebral circulation]. AB - Effects of flunarizine (0.3-3 mg/kg, i.v.) on cerebral circulation were compared with those of cinnarizine (0.3-3 mg/kg, i.v.) and papaverine (0.1-1 mg/kg, i.v.) in anaesthetized dogs and cats. In dogs any of the three drugs caused a dose related increase in vertebral, common carotid, and femoral arterial blood flow, while a transient decrease in renal blood flow was seen. In particular, the vasodilatation caused by flunarizine and cinnarizine was much more marked in the vertebral vascular beds as compared to the other ones. Flunarizine (10 and 30 mg/kg, intraduodenally) caused a greater and more prolonged increase in the vertebral blood flow than cinnarizine and papaverine did when they were used in the same doses. Concerning the local circulation in cats, flunarizine and cinnarizine produced a marked flow increase in the cerebellar cortex, and apparent blood flow and pO2 increases in the cerebral cortex with no observable concomitant changes in arterial blood pO2 and pCO2; but a slight decrease in hippocampal blood flow without any consistent effect in hypothalamic blood flow. In this study, flunarizine was shown to have a more prolonged pharmacological activity on the responses of the cerebral circulation than equal doses of cinnarizine or papaverine. PMID- 7129249 TI - [Antihypertensive and related hemodynamic effects of a thiazide in desoxycorticosterone (DOC)/saline hypertensive rats]. AB - Antihypertensive and related hemodynamic effects of trichlormethiazide (TCM), a thiazide, in DOC/saline hypertensive rats were investigated. To prepare hypertensive rats, 7-week-old male Wistar rats were subjected to nephrectomy of the left kidney, subcutaneously administered DOC (5 mg/kg X 3 times/week, or a 25 mg tablet), and given 1% saline solution as drinking water. When the systolic blood pressure of the rats reached about 200 mmHg, once-a-day oral administration of an arabic gum suspension of TCM was started. The results were: 1) Oral administration of TCM at no less than 3 mg/kg/day showed a dose-dependent, lasting antihypertensive effect throughout the experimental periods. 2) TCM administration effectively prevented the appearance of malignant hypertensive symptoms such as body weight loss, ischemia of the ocular fundus, and slight paralysis of extremities with the following pathological changes: hyalinization and fibrinoid necrosis of renal arteries and glomeruli, degeneration of renal tubules, and cardiac hypertrophy. 3) Although TCM had no effect throughout the experimental periods on the cardiac output (CO), which was determined by a modified dye-dilution method, total peripheral resistance (TPR) decreased from the first week of TCM administration. The antihypertensive effect of TCM in DOC/saline hypertensive rats is presumed to be associated with the decrease of TPR from early stages of therapy. PMID- 7129251 TI - Development and eruption of the mandibular cheek teeth in Cebus albifrons. AB - The development and eruption of the mandibular cheek teeth of Cebus albifrons is described from a longitudinal series of whole body radiographs. Males are generally ahead of females in both development and eruption times. The dental development and eruption in C. albifrons is intermediate between the smaller New World primates and the larger catarrhines. PMID- 7129253 TI - The nocturnal behavior of caged rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). AB - The behavior of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) was observed via videotape recording during the 12 hour period from 6.00 p.m. to 6.00 a.m. Adult animals were housed in male/female pairs under one of three cage conditions: individual cage, mating cage and a larger 'group' cage. 20 categories of behavior were assessed and the resultant behavior was described and quantitatively compared across cage conditions. The animals spent almost the entire night in a sitting position, either alone or while huddling with another animal. Sitting and huddling behavior are near-perfect complements to each other in terms of the frequency of occurrence; taken together they account for almost the entire nocturnal behavior. Other activity rarely displaces these behaviors. The animals tended to be relatively active in the early evening. As night fell, they settled down to relative inactivity, which they maintained until the morning. The activity level gradually increased as dawn approached. PMID- 7129252 TI - Function of the subclavius muscle in a nonhuman primate, the spider monkey (Ateles). AB - Within the primate order, the morphology of the subclavius muscle is known to be unique among the prehensile-tailed South American monkeys. 3 spider monkeys, Ateles, were monitored electromyographically to determine the recruitment of this muscle during various locomotor and postural activities. Rather than indicating a static stabilizing function, which has typically been inferred from classical anatomical studies, results from this study suggest that the subclavius performs more as a dynamic element in movements of the pectoral girdle during brachiation, vertical climbing, pronograde quadrupedalism and leaping. Complementary activity patterns were also identified between the subclavius and the caudal fibers of the trapezius indicating that the subclavius is used when the animal must depress, or resist cranial displacement, of the protracted shoulder girdle, while the caudal trapezius is recruited when the girdle is retracted on the chest wall. PMID- 7129250 TI - The face of Sivapithecus indicus: description of a new, relatively complete specimen from the Siwaliks of Pakistan. AB - A recently recovered specimen of Sivapithecus indicus from Late Miocene Siwalik deposits which preserves much of the face is described. The face is generally gracile, although the mandibular corpus is deep and robust. The specimen exhibits numerous similarities to Pongo pygmaeus and it is suggested that S. indicus and P. pygmaeus bear a close phyletic relationship; a taxonomic scheme is proposed to accommodate these conclusions. The orang-like specializations of S. indicus indicate that it probably was not ancestral to the hominids or African apes, although this may not be the case for other Sivapithecus species. PMID- 7129254 TI - Heart rate in the slow loris (Nycticebus coucang). Daily variation, effects of ambient temperature and role for oxygen transport in blood. PMID- 7129256 TI - Cytogenetic study of Cercopithecus pogonias grayi x Cercopithecus ascanius katangae hybrids. AB - The G-banded karyotypes of a male and a female hybrid born of the cross between a Cercopithecus pogonias grayi (2 n = 72 XY) and a C. ascanius katangae (2 n = 66 XX) are reported. The constant chromosome number 2 n = 69 of both the male and female hybrids equals the arithmetic mean of the parental chromosome. A correlation between the hybrid karyotypes and those of their parents is proposed. The typical acrocentric autosomes of C. pogonias grayi are found again in the offspring. PMID- 7129255 TI - Seasonal and daily activity changes in captive Cheirogaleus medius. AB - Seasonal and daily variation in locomotor activity are recorded in 11 animals over 17 weeks, covering the last 8 weeks of the inactive season and the ensuing breeding season. The results are compared with changes in body weight and with the onset, duration and frequency of reproductive activity. These and some behavioral observations are related to the conclusions of previous publications. PMID- 7129257 TI - Major depressive episode and low dose dexamethasone suppression test. AB - The authors studied the validity of a low dose (0.5 mg) dexamethasone suppression test (DST) in identifying depression. Nine patients who met the criteria of major depressive episode (MDE) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, another nine psychiatric patients and one normal subject underwent the DST. At least one of the two blood samples obtained either at 8 a.m. or at 2 p.m. from each of the nine patients with MDE showed a cortisol concentration of over 5.0 micrograms/dl, while the cortisol concentration in the other 10 subjects was uniformly suppressed under this level. All the patients with MDE could be identified by nonsuppression of the cortisol secretion at 8 a.m. or at 2 p.m. An "early escape" phenomenon in depressed patients reported by Carroll et al. (1976) was absent in a 0.5 mg DST, and the blood samples at 8 p.m. were less useful for identifying the depressive patient. The reason why the one point sampling method used by previous investigators was insufficient to identify the depressed patient was discussed. PMID- 7129259 TI - Pick's disease and head trauma. AB - This is a clinico-pathological study of the relationship between Pick's disease and head trauma. Seven of our autopsied cases with Pick's disease had clinical histories and/or neuropathological evidence of a head trauma. Two cases showed no pathological evidence of traumatic brain damage, although they had clinical histories of a head trauma. The other five cases had old contusions located chiefly on the frontal and temporal bases. As far as we know, there is no reported case of Pick's disease with old contusions in the literature. Therefore, our five cases are of great importance to the study of the relationship between Pick's atrophic processes and traumatic brain damage. The conclusion of our study is that traumatic brain damage involving the atrophy centers of Pick's disease or the adjacent regions could evoke or intensify Pick's atrophic processes. PMID- 7129260 TI - Unusual case of presenile dementia--a clinical case report. PMID- 7129258 TI - The epidemiological study of autism in Fukushima-ken. AB - A survey of children aged under 18 years in Fukushima-ken (prefecture) in Japan showed that 2.33 per 10,000 children suffered from early infantile autism. The average of prevalence rates of autistic children born between 1968 and 1974 was 4.96 per 10,000 children. Based on a comparison between cities and rural districts, the prevalence rates of the former were significantly higher than those of the latter. Autistic boys outnumbered autistic girls with a sex ratio of 9 : 1. Psychiatric illnesses were very rare among the relatives of autistic children. The rate of prenatal and perinatal complications was higher than the national norm among autistic children. Parents of autistic children had a significantly higher education than the national norm. There were more nuclear families in the autistic group than in the national norm. PMID- 7129262 TI - Studies on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by neutron activation analysis. 3. Systematic analysis of metals on Guamanian ALS and PD cases. PMID- 7129261 TI - Terminal degeneration in the lateral septum of the rat after suprachiasmatic nucleus lesion. AB - Nerve terminals in the lateral septum were studied by electron microscopy in the rat after lesions of the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). The results were as follows: 1) The electron-lucent degenerations showed a reduction in the number of vesicles and the swelling of terminals and/or vesicles. These degenerating terminals predominated at two days of survival period. The electron-dense degenerations which showed a darkening and shrinkage of the terminals mainly appeared at four days of survival period. 2) Most of the degenerating terminals contained large core vesicles of a diameter in the range of 800-1500 A. 3) The percentage of the degenerating terminals to all the terminals on the electron micrographs was about 7%. 4) The F-type synapses were not found in the lateral septum of the normal and SCN lesion rats. These data confirmed the existence of the projection which reached the lateral septum from the SCN and suggested to us that these synapses were so-called peptidergic synapses. PMID- 7129263 TI - Proceedings: the 3rd annual meeting of Japanese Society of Biological Psychiatry. PMID- 7129264 TI - Pedal manifestations of DISH. AB - Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), also known as Forestier's disease, is an ossifying diathesis characterized by excessive bone formation at specific skeletal sites. The condition is best recognized for its spinal features. However, the tendency toward bone formation is often manifested in extraspinal locations, particularly the foot. The radiographical, pathological, and clinical features of the disorder are reviewed with special emphasis on the foot as a target organ. Abnormalities in the foot that suggest the diagnosis of DISH are emphasized. PMID- 7129265 TI - Management of the arthritic forefoot. AB - Rheumatoid diseases frequently involve the forefoot producing severe hallux valgus and dislocated metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints. One must stress the importance of continual evaluation of the foot in these patients. The relationship of midfoot and hindfoot deformities, especially pronation deformities, to the forefoot is essential. Nonoperative treatment can be highly effective and consists of skin and nail care and proper shoes which enclose and support early deformities. Operative care now spans the gamut from excising all or part of the MTP joints, to silicone implant arthroplasty of the MTP joints. PMID- 7129267 TI - Ankle fusion for degenerative arthritis secondary to the collagen diseases. AB - This study reviews the arthritis clinic population of Rancho Los Amigos and a private practice limited to foot and ankle to determine the number of ankle fusions performed for collagen diseases. Rheumatoid arthritis was found to be the most common disease with ankle involvement severe enough to require fusion. From 8020 clinic visits in a 2-year period there were 61 total hip replacements, 56 total knee replacements, and no total ankle replacements. Three ankle fusions were performed. In a private practice out of 90 patients seen for ankles painful enough to require fusion, 6 were in rheumatoid arthritics. A successful ankle fusion was compatible with good function of the lower limb. Motion lost through fusion could be restored with a rocker-bottom shoe. Significant complications occurred with ankle fusion. PMID- 7129266 TI - Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis of the foot. AB - Rheumatoid arthritis occurring in children under 16 years of age is defined as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. It is more common in females and the peak incidence is between 1 and 3 years of age. It can present in different forms. Mono- and pauciarticular type is complicated by iridocyclitis in 20%. Growth disturbances are common. Any conceivable combination of foot deformities can occur. Some of the secondary deformities can be prevented with conservative care. Principals of soft tissue and bony surgery have been outlined. PMID- 7129268 TI - Development and evolution of the ICLH ankle replacement. AB - In 1972 the original ICLH ankle was first used clinically, and since then the authors have implanted 75 ICLH ankles. The overall percentage of acceptable results in this series is about 70%. The most frequent complication seen was delayed wound healing. Talomalleolar contact with resultant pain was a significant problem early in the series. Partial collapse of the talus has occurred in five ankles. Our experience has shown that it is possible to replace the ankle and initially achieve a functioning, pain-free arthroplasty. There are many factors that may adversely influence the ultimate outcome; and thus, the procedure should be approached with caution. PMID- 7129269 TI - Ganglia of the foot and ankle. AB - This report documents the treatment of 33 foot and ankle ganglia. The average patient age was 39 years (versus 25 years for patients with ganglia about the wrist joint). Twenty-one ganglia were treated operatively and nine recurred. Three patients suffered cutaneous nerve injury. The other 12 ganglia were treated by aspiration and steroid injection. There were four recurrences, one of which was cured by a second injection. Two of the four recurrences were small and asymptomatic and required no treatment. There were no complications with aspiration and injection. In view of the high recurrence rates and inconvenience of ganglionectomy in the foot, aspiration and steroid injection is a more safe, simple, and effective treatment. We feel that surgery should generally be reserved for failures of nonoperative treatment. PMID- 7129270 TI - Revision rates in forefoot surgery. AB - In an attempt to determine failure or reoperation rates for common forefoot procedures, the records of 706 patients who had 1003 forefoot operations were studied. The revision rate for the Keller procedure was 2.26% when no interposition implant was used. The revision rate for metatarsal osteotomies, mainly due to nonunion, was 2.7%. The revision rate for proximal phalangectomies was 3.3%, being 1.9% when the distal end of the phalanx was removed and 4.4% when the proximal end was removed. The failure rate for proximal interphalangeal joint fusion was 17.8%. These results demonstrate that the antiquity of a procedure is not necessarily a recommendation. PMID- 7129271 TI - The modified Blair fusion. AB - The Blair fusion is the accepted method to achieve an ankle arthrodesis in the presence of avascular necrosis or absence of the body of the talus. This procedure has not however, been reliable. A pseudarthrosis rate of 28% and fibrous ankylosis of the foot secondary to prolonged immobilization compromise the end result. A tibiotalar compression arthrodesis has been developed using an intermediate hip compression screw and a modified Stone staple. Five patients with avascular necrosis of the talus underwent a modified Blair fusion. Protected weightbearing was started at 6 weeks and healing occurred within 3 months. Although the number of cases is small, this study indicates that the addition of compression fixation to the Blair arthrodesis will significantly decrease the pseudarthrosis rate and perhaps the healing time. PMID- 7129272 TI - [Influence of speech activity on evoked vestibular nystagmus in stutterers]. PMID- 7129273 TI - Patterns of dysarthric movement in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and pseudobulbar palsy. PMID- 7129275 TI - Laryngeal subglottic mucosal reflexogenic influences on laryngeal muscle activity. An experimental study. PMID- 7129278 TI - Endogenous event-related potential correlates of phonemic discrimination. PMID- 7129276 TI - An analysis of vowel duration in a group of language-disordered children exhibiting the open syllable pattern. PMID- 7129277 TI - On language and schizophrenia. PMID- 7129274 TI - The reliability of the Kay Agnellograph Pressure Translator in the study of consonantal intraoral air pressure. PMID- 7129279 TI - [Attempt at classification of the singing-voice defects]. PMID- 7129281 TI - Assessment of speech after treatment of patients with a tumour of the mouth. PMID- 7129280 TI - First applications of a biofeedback device for the therapy of velopharyngeal incompetence. PMID- 7129282 TI - Phoniatric studies in patients with streak gonad syndrome. PMID- 7129283 TI - Sound spectrographic analysis of the voice of patients with recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis. PMID- 7129284 TI - Tremulous speech. A case report. PMID- 7129286 TI - Dysphonia after traumatic midbrain damage: a follow-up study. PMID- 7129285 TI - Analysis of the fundamental frequency of the human voice and its frequency distribution before and after a voice training program. PMID- 7129287 TI - Experiences with recurrent laryngeal nerve section for spastic dysphonia. PMID- 7129288 TI - [Medical care in the People's Republic of China. Report on a a conference trip in May 1982]. PMID- 7129290 TI - [Eye injuries caused by traffic accidents]. AB - Severe injuries of the eyes and the periocular region may happen to those people, not secured by a safety belt, while the head crashes against the windshield in case of a car accident. These injuries typically run across the nose, the front and the eyelids, while other parts of the face are often not involved. Besides these wounds, the eyes show corneal and scleral perforations, loss of lens and iris as demonstrated by some victims of traffic accidents. Studies have shown that the most serious head- and eye-injuries occur to people in a frontal collision, which is the most common type of collision. On the other hand, the risk to be injured at the head or the eyes in a frontal collision while using the safety belt is under 1%. PMID- 7129289 TI - [Headache and the eye]. AB - The contribution of ophthalmology in the diagnostic evaluation of a patient with headache is outlined. When asthenopia or an organic eye disease is cause of the headache, the ophthalmologist cannot only diagnose the etiology but can also cure the patient by adequate therapy. When the headache is sign of CNS-disease, the ophthalmologist can provide the neurologist with valuable information regarding nature and localization of the process. PMID- 7129291 TI - [Constipation and treatment of constipation. 3: Therapy; complications of constipation]. PMID- 7129292 TI - [Is there a drug treatment for cataract?]. AB - The formation of lens opacities in older people, generally known as senile cataract, is due to multifactorial processes. The interactions of age changes (for instance by postsynthetic molecule transformation of lens proteins) and additional risk factors condition the various forms of opacities and the wide range in age of manifestation. This means that they also represent a working point for a drug treatment aiming at inhibition of such risk factors, thereby inhibiting the formation of opacification or delaying the progress of already existing opacities. PMID- 7129294 TI - [Psychological and neurological sequelae of alcoholism]. AB - Among the sequelae of alcoholism in psychiatrics alcoholic delirium and suicides have pre-eminence. Nearly 15 per cent of all alcoholics develop an alcoholic delirium. The death-rate could be reduced on about 1 per cent by chlormethiazole. Suicide is the second frequent cause of death of the alcoholics. Very often tremor is observed on alcoholics among the neurological complications. It can appear further sequelae, especially the Wernicke-Korsakoff-syndrome, polyneuropathy, epilepsy in alcoholics, cerebral atrophy, and cerebellar atrophy. PMID- 7129293 TI - [Electrostimulation anesthesia in surgery of the retina and vitreous body]. AB - Needling of acupuncture points combined with mechanical or electrical stimulation is insufficient for analgesia for surgical interventions. Therefore a new concept of anesthesia was developed: Electrostimulation has been combined with induction of anesthesia, relaxation and controlled ventilation with a mixture of N2O/O2. We have used this method of anesthesia in patients undergoing retinal and vitreous surgery. Our stimulation has been done by self-adhesive electrodes placed bilaterally in the area of trigeminal nerve and cervical plexus. The aim of this study was to investigate the stress response under electrostimulation anesthesia compared with neurolept anesthesia. Therefore the plasma concentrations of adrenaline, noradrenaline, cortisol and some metabolic parameters (glucose, glycerol, NEFA, ketone bodies) as well as heart rate and arterial blood pressure were measured before, during and after surgery. The changes in the parameters under surgery showed that ESA induces a higher stress reaction than NLA. The differences between the two groups are not significant. PMID- 7129295 TI - [Treatment of ankylosing spondylitis with slow-release diclofenac sodium in a single daily dose]. AB - The efficacy and tolerability of slow-release diclofenac sodium were investigated in 40 patients with ankylosing spondylitis. The patients received one coated tablet of 100 mg daily in the morning for 21 days in addition to standard physiotherapy. The efficacy of the trial treatment was evaluated by measuring the chin-to-manubrium sterni and fingertips-to-floor distances, Schober's sign, and chest expansion. Every morning and evening the severity of pain and the degree of spinal stiffness were recorded by the patients on visual analogue scales. A significant improvement of the symptoms was found in 35 of the patients as compared to the initial findings. The slow-release formulation of diclofenac Na was very well tolerated. The necessity of balneophysical therapy in ankylosing spondylitis is emphasized, which in most cases will only be possible in combination with adequate drug therapy. PMID- 7129296 TI - [What is the value of hypotension in our free market economy?]. PMID- 7129297 TI - [Arterial hypotension]. PMID- 7129298 TI - [Wegener's granulomatosis causing diabetes insipidus]. AB - Very few cases of Wegener's granulomatosis which were associated with diabetes insipidus have hitherto been described. Our patient was a young man with severe (also histological) changes in the nose and paranasal sinuses. Typical pulmonal involvement developed. The hypothalamus seemed not to be affected; hyperprolactinemia, as described by other authors, did not exist. A computerized tomography was normal with regard to the hypothalamus. Typically the disease responded well to cyclophosphamide. An affection of the anterior lobe of the hypophysis was not demonstrable; likewise the kidneys were unaffected. PMID- 7129299 TI - [Effect of barbiturates on myocardial metabolism and hemodynamics]. AB - In 31 patients with congenital heart disease effects of 5 mg/kg thiopental or 1 mg/kg methohexital on hemodynamics, inotropic state, myocardial metabolism and myocardial oxygen consumption were investigated after cardiac surgery (basic neuroleptanalgesia). In comparison to a control group both barbiturates caused a decrease in stroke volume and arterial pressure. This, however, was mainly attributable to venous pooling and not to a negative inotropic effect. In accordance with the changes in hemodynamics there was a remarkable decrease in myocardial oxygen consumption (5 mg/kg thiopental: Eg--17,7%; 1 mg/kg methohexital: Eg--11,7%). It could be demonstrated that arterial and coronarvenous lactate correlated directly with plasma concentrations of barbiturates. Furthermore it may be possible that the slight increase in free fatty can have deleterious effects on myocardial glucose metabolism. No significant alterations in serum electrolytes concentrations were observed. Plasma concentrations of thiopental and methohexital were determined by specific gaschromatography. In spite of the great interindividual variation of plasma barbiturate concentration there was an equilibrium between arterial and coronarvenous barbiturate levels within two minutes. PMID- 7129300 TI - [Cerebrovascular insufficiency. Epidemiologic, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects]. PMID- 7129302 TI - [The state is not a judge in scientific matters. A drive towards strengthening of professional commissions in the Public Health Service in matters of admission and revocation of drugs]. PMID- 7129305 TI - [Therapy in neurology. 11. Treatment of epileptic seizures in adults]. AB - Treatment of epileptic patients is an important tasks for all members of the medical staff. In the treatment of status epilepticus there are new developments with better results, because status can be broken within minutes, not depending on the cause of the status. If cooperation between patient and doctor is good, results of the antiepileptic therapy will also be better. Target is the no seizure-situation of the patient. In differential diagnosis other causes for a seizure have to be excluded: Tumors, haematomas and inflammations. By cranial computer tomography this can be done very easily and without risk for the patient. Cerebrospinal fluid must be examined in all patients with a first seizure. In treatment of epilepsy serum level controls are important: they can show problems of resorption, but also the consequence of intermittent drug intake. PMID- 7129301 TI - [Drug modification of a risk factor of thrombosis in patients with varicosis]. PMID- 7129303 TI - [Indications and contraindications for therapy with cardiac glycosides]. AB - Today glycosides have 3 indications: manifest and chronic cardiac insufficiency, arrhythmia absoluta and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Glycosides are no longer important in the therapy of acute cardiac insufficiency. There are also absolute and relative contraindications which should be recognized; in coronary heart disease glycosides should only be used if there is really a latent of manifest cardiac insufficiency. PMID- 7129304 TI - [Therapy of cardiac insufficiency with diuretics]. PMID- 7129306 TI - [Lung function and operability. Importance of preoperative right heart catheterization in patients with bronchial cancer]. AB - Lung resection may be followed by pulmonary hypertension leading to cardio respiratory insufficiency. Therefore, pulmonary arterial pressure should be known before operation. To test the presence of pulmonary hypertension, results of lung function studies and right heart catheterization were compared in 100 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure could be correlated with arterial partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide as well as with total airway resistance and the Tiffeneau-test (FEV1/VC). A multiple regression analysis including 5 non hemodynamic variables, however, demonstrated a standard estimation error of mean pulmonary arterial pressure of 4.4 mmHg at rest and 8.0 mmHg during exercise thus proving that the multiple regression is of no clinical significance. Also by a discriminant analysis, patients could not be identified with clinically sufficient reliability as hemodynamically normal or pathological. Thus, right heart catheterization is an indispensable prerequisite to lung resection. PMID- 7129307 TI - [Coordination of the division of labor in Bremen clinics. A contribution to cost control in public health]. PMID- 7129308 TI - [Travel diarrhea]. AB - The most important means to stop diarrhea, especially in travellers in subtropic and tropic areas, is the ample supply of lost electrolytes and water. In most cases no further treatment will be necessary. The oral substitution of enough fluid, glucose and electrolytes is described. PMID- 7129313 TI - [Emergency cerclage]. PMID- 7129309 TI - [Echinococcoses of the human. Diagnosis and therapy]. AB - The clinical symptoms of hydatid disease result from the suppression and damage of the parenchyma of liver or lung. They resemble those of neoplastic diseases but show comparatively slower progression. For the diagnosis of cysts serological procedures, sonography, CT-scan and laparoscopy are discussed. One should be aware that exploratory puncture might be dangerous because of the possibility of generalized spread. Among 17 patients referred to Erlangen University Hospital with echinococcus cysticus the correct diagnosis was made in only 9 patients whereas the diagnosis on admission was correct in 8 out of 13 patients with echinococcus alveolaris. The treatment of choice is intraoperative sterilization of the cystic fluid with 0,5% silver nitrate followed by radical surgery. PMID- 7129312 TI - [The occurrence of proinsulin and C-peptide in healthy humans and in diabetics]. AB - Chemistry, biochemistry and physiology of proinsulin and C-peptide are summarized. A short characterization of the radioimmunological methods for measuring C-peptide and proinsulin follows. The determination of C-peptide and proinsulin which was mainly carried out in serum or plasma essentially improved our knowledge about the function of the beta-cells in the islets of Langerhans in healthy subjects and diabetic patients. The paper reports on the occurrence and the course of C-peptide and proinsulin in healthy subjects and in diabetics of type I and II. PMID- 7129310 TI - [Prednisolone reduction by benoxaprofen]. AB - The prednisolone sparing effect of benoxaprofen has been examined in only 13 cases of rheumatoid arthritis. The examination was terminated prematurely because of an accumulation of side effects of the skin. The results of these 13 cases are not significant, but the drug seems to show a relatively high mean value of its prednisolone sparing effect but it seems to cause a high proportion of side effects, especially of the skin. This preliminary result should be reported in regard to possibly following studies with simular observations. PMID- 7129311 TI - [Lithium aspartate in drug dependence]. PMID- 7129314 TI - [Copper containing intrauterine devices. Clinical and social aspects]. AB - 1032 women had their first Copper-T inserted, 204 became pregnant, had an expulsion or a removal for medical reasons (19.76%). Of 299 women with their second Copper-T only 15 reported these events (5.02%). Gross-rates show no difference for pregnancy, expulsion, removal because of bleeding or pain or for other medical reasons in different time-intervals of the first year of use, but in total lower event rates for the second year of use. The risk for pregnancy is not reduced for a woman with her second IUD (second segment). Other events and side-effects are reduced and explain the higher continuation-rate for the second segment. If the second IUD is not inserted immediately after removal of the first IUD, the event rate is again increasing. PMID- 7129315 TI - [Diarrhea--hypocalcemia--respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 7129316 TI - [Quality of life in medical borderline situations]. PMID- 7129317 TI - [Drug treatment of tachycardial rhythm disorders in childhood]. PMID- 7129319 TI - [Initial experiences with a new painless vascular approach in hemodialysis in children]. AB - The necessity of hemodialysis in children is pointed out to be treated at specialized pediatric dialysis centers. In this connection a new vascular access is presented. The device is made from vitreous carbon and is mounted on a PTFE vascular prosthesis. By means of disposable connectors it can be dialysed without puncturing the implant. The device was implanted for the first time in the world in a small boy of 19 kg bodyweight. Our conclusion is that the biocarbon device is a welcome alleviation and an alternative for angio-access in children. PMID- 7129318 TI - [Growth check-ups as part of preventive medical examinations]. AB - Failure to thrive as well as increased growth velocity may have different causes. Specific diagnostic evaluation has to be performed as soon as a delineation of the growth rate is observed. Examples are hypopituitarism, hypothyroidism, celiac disease in depressed growth or congenital adrenal hypoplasia or pubertas praecox in enhanced growth. PMID- 7129321 TI - [Pubertal development in Swiss children]. AB - Pubertal development between 8 and 18 years is reported in 142 Swiss boys and 142 Swiss girls of the First Zurich Longitudinal Study (1954-1980). Mean and standard deviations of onset and duration of the following secondary sex characteristics are given: genital development and testicular growth in boys, breast development and menarche in girls, pubic hair development and adolescent growth spurt in both sexes. The interrelationships between timing and duration of these secondary sex characteristics are discussed. PMID- 7129320 TI - [Current status of clinical and scientific sarcoidosis research 100 years later]. AB - According to today's knowledge the definition of sarcoidosis is formulated as follows: Sarcoidosis is a systemic disorder induced by inhalation, to be interpreted as a reactionary disease with genetic predisposition. The inducing noxa are still unknown. Sarcoidosis is characterized: a) by its specific course appearing as radiologically visible stages, b) immunologically by a disturbed balance between cellular and humoral defence reaction, c) in view of the pathological anatomy by the epitheloid cell granuloma. The clinical pictures have to be differentiated between two forms of this disease: an acute course and an asymptomatically starting chronic course. The clinical phenomenology shows great variety as to the course and the predominantly injured organs. Concerning the nature of sarcoidosis nevertheless we have a precise idea today. The diagnosis is in most cases without problems. Corticoid therapy is the only effective treatment. PMID- 7129322 TI - [Specific needs of children's hospitals]. PMID- 7129323 TI - [PFC syndrome (persistent fetal circulation). Central cyanosis in a full-term newborn infant without congenital heart defect]. AB - In a case report the main features of the PFC-syndrome (persistent fetal circulation) are demonstrated: 1. general central cyanosis, 2. pulmonary hypertension, 3. right-to-left shunting via foramen ovale and (or) ductus arteriosus. At postmortem analysis in some of these patients the muscular thickness of the pulmonary vessels was found to be increased: primary PFC syndrome. Hypoxia, shock, and many pulmonary disturbances of the newborn can produce the clinical picture of "persistent fetal circulation": secondary PFC syndrome. Under adequate therapy with O2-insufflation, vasodilatory drugs, and if necessary mechanical ventilation the prognosis in the majority of cases is good. PMID- 7129324 TI - [Congenital ichthyosis in twins]. PMID- 7129325 TI - [Findings of psychopathology and computerized tomography in neuropsychiatric diseases]. PMID- 7129326 TI - [Changes in the course after spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage from the neurological point of view]. AB - In order to recognize changes in the course after spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (sSAH) cases hospitalized between 1974 and 1981 were divided in two groups: group 1 contained 53 patients from 1974 to 1976, group 2 84 patients from 1977 to 1981. With respect to age and clinical condition at admission to the hospital (grading according to Hunt and Hess, 20) the two groups were not different and were comparable to the patient population of epidemiologic studies. Due to the high percentage of cases of older age and with poor prognosis mortality in our patients was high when compared to the selected material of neurosurgical and randomized studies, but letality decreased markedly from 47,2% between 1974 and 1976 to 35,7% between 1977 and 1981. Good clinical outcome increased from 41,5% in group 1 to 54,7% in group 2; favourable outcome after surgical treatment (69,5%) had a high impact on this result. This change in the clinical course after sSAH was attributed to more intensive conservative treatment and to improved surgical technique with better defined selection of operable cases and with a tendency to operate early after the bleed. By reducing the number and postponing the occurrence of rebleeding antifibrinolytic therapy with tranexamic acid was of supportive value. PMID- 7129327 TI - [The nosology of cerebellar ataxias]. AB - The group of cerebellar ataxias in adults represents a collection of very heterogeneous causes, pathogeneses, morphological changes and - as far as the hereditary types are concerned - heredity. Different modes of inheritance (dominant or recessive) signify different aetiologies to the geneticist. However, genetic heterogeneity is often associated with similarities of the phenotypes concerned. A decisive descriptive differentiation is that between a) degenerative changes of the cerebellum and the pertaining paths and b) cerebellar ataxias with associated non-neural changes. Meanwhile consensus has been reached regarding the gross anatomical classification of cerebellar ataxias into a) olivopontocerebellar atrophies ("cerebellopetal") b) primary cerebellar parenchymatrophies ("cerebellofugal"). A more reliable classification of the monogenic types will become possible in the near future with the help of the genetic marker of the HLA haplotypes. A comprehensive classification of non hereditary and hereditary cerebellar ataxias based on clinical, pathologico anatomical and genetic parameters is presented and summarized in Table 4. PMID- 7129328 TI - [Studies on growth of human gastric cancer--statistical analysis of characteristics of both rapidly and slowly growing cancers]. PMID- 7129329 TI - [10B compound distribution in rat tissue of transplanted and ethylnitrosourea induced brain tumors]. PMID- 7129330 TI - Calcium channel blockers in chronic stable angina. A review. PMID- 7129331 TI - [Anti-ischemic efficacy of varying dosages of nifedipine]. PMID- 7129332 TI - Mustard versus Senning procedure: a comparison of primary atrial inversion procedures in 108 patients with transposition of the great arteries. PMID- 7129333 TI - [Ventricular function before and after the Senning operation in patients with transposition of the great arteries]. PMID- 7129334 TI - Acid rebound: fact or fiction. PMID- 7129335 TI - Some aspects of iron metabolism during acute viral hepatitis. AB - In the acute phase of acute viral hepatitis high serum iron and serum ferritin levels were found in all patients. The normalisation of the serum ferritin concentration parallelled that of the serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase activity. However serum iron levels remained elevated for a long period of time. Chemical analysis of liver tissue showed a low total liver depot iron concentration during the first two weeks of the disease, indicating that the high serum iron levels are caused by iron liberation from disintegrated hepatocytes. Patients studied after two weeks showed higher liver iron concentrations, in particular the non-ferritin iron fraction, reflecting iron accumulation in the reticulo-endothelial system. Indeed, histological examination in the patients studied after two weeks showed sinusoidal lining cell siderosis in addition to "diffuse iron" in clusters lining cells which in electron microscopical studies proved to be macrophages. These cells showed a positive immunohistological reaction for ferritin protein. It is suggested that during acute viral hepatitis two mechanisms act together, i.e. changes in iron metabolism caused by damage of the main iron depot organ (specific liver pathology) and changes in iron metabolism common to all infectious processes. PMID- 7129337 TI - Transient autoimmune thrombocytopenia associated with acute infectious hepatitis. PMID- 7129336 TI - High titre of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen detected by immune adherence haemagglutination in HBsAg-positive acute hepatitis. AB - Nine patients with HBsAg-positive acute hepatitis were tested for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) by the immune adherence haemagglutination method. A high anti-HBc titre (2(15) or more) was found in three, while anti-HBc was not detectable in the remaining six. All of them recovered from hepatitis with the return of hepatic function tests to normal, but HBsAg persisted in the three patients whose acute-phase serum had revealed high anti-HBc titres. On the basis of these observations, the three patients were thought to be persistent HBsAg carriers who had contracted opportunistic acute hepatitis of non-B aetiology. Titration of anti-HBc may be indicated in patients with HBsAg-positive acute hepatitis, because it helps distinguish persistent HBsAg carriers with non B hepatitis from patients with hepatitis B at the outset, during the episode of acute hepatitis. PMID- 7129338 TI - Radioimmunoassay for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in plasma before and during endoscopic examinations. AB - A specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay of human vasoactive intestinal polypeptide using synthetic VIP as standard preparation and antiserum to synthetic VIP R 502 (Yanaihara et al. 15) is described. No crossreactions with a number of other gastrointestinal hormones such as glucagon, secretin, GIP, HPP or substance P was detected. Aprotinin (Trasylol, Bayer) or heparin had no influence on the antigen--antibody reaction. High concentrations of sodium or potassium chloride in plasma, or hyperlipoproteinemia, did not interfere with the antiserum in the described system. Basal plasma concentration of VIP in 18 females (means +/- sem = 24.05 +/- 1.79 VIP/l) and 20 males (means +/- sem = 24.11 +/- 1.91 pmol/l VIP) showed no sex specific variations. During gastroscopy plasma VIP levels were significantly higher than basal values, showing a peak secretion when the gastric antrum was inspected. During the entire colonoscopic examination, VIP levels were significantly higher than basal values. Endoscopic examination may possibly liberate VIP from the VIP containing cells which can be found throughout the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 7129340 TI - Some aetiological factors in the epidemiology of Crohn's disease. PMID- 7129339 TI - Fundic pressure rise lowers lower esophageal sphincter pressure in man. AB - The question was examined as to whether or not lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP) rises in response to increases in intragastric pressure. Pressure profiles of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) were recorded with low compliance rapid pull-through manometry, in 9 healthy volunteers without hiatal hernia. Fundic pressure was increased by inflating the stomach with air. Air insufflation was stopped when gastric distension became painful (at 8.4 mm Hg +/- 0.7 SEM). No subject had nausea. Mean resting LESP was 24.6 mm Hg +/- 2.2 SEM. There was a negative linear relationship between fundic pressure and LESP: LESP decreased by 1.10 +/- 0.15 SEM per 1 mm Hg fundic pressure rise. On the average, the sum of fundic pressure and LESP remained constant. Thus, there is not only a lack of reflex contraction of LES in response to fundic pressure rise, but actually a weakening of the LES by fundic distension. This mechanism might facilitate belching following swallowing of air. PMID- 7129341 TI - [Hematologic diseases and serum ferritin]. PMID- 7129342 TI - [Hemolytic anemia and glutathione contained in the erythrocytes]. PMID- 7129343 TI - [Hematopoietic disturbances and immunologic anomalies]. PMID- 7129344 TI - [CFU-C and hematopoietic disorders]. PMID- 7129346 TI - [Surface properties of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells and their clinical significance]. PMID- 7129347 TI - [Malignant lymphoma and LSG (Lymphoma-Leukemia Study Group) classification]. PMID- 7129348 TI - [The quantities of main urinary metabolite of PGF, plasma PGF and plasma PGE in pulmonary diseases]. AB - Radioimmunoassays of urinary 5 alpha-7 alpha-dihydroxyketotetranorprosta-1,16 dioic acid and its delta-lactone(main urinary metabolite of PGF, PGF-MUM) were performed for the patients with several pulmonary diseases. The quantities of PGE and PGF in plasma for the patients with pulmonary emphysema especially were also measured by radioimmunoassay. Following results were obtained. 1) Twenty-four hours secretions of PGF-MUM in normal subjects were 18.4 +/- 9.1 microgram/day (24.5 +/- 9.2 microgram/day in male, 12.2 +/- 2.6 microgram/day in female) on an average. The values of PGF-MUM in male were significantly higher than those in female (P less than 0.03). 2) Twenty-four hours secretions of PGF-MUM for the patients with pulmonary emphysema were significantly lower (P less than 0.01) than those in the normal controls (P less than 0.01), and the values of PGF-MUM were correlated significantly (r=0.451, P less than 0.05) with arterial oxygen partial pressure. 3) Twenty-four hours secretions of PGF-MUM in the patients with asthma bronchiale, chronic bronchitis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer were not significantly different from those in the normal controls. But, higher values of PGF-MUM were contained in the pulmonary fibrosis group, and the values of PGF-MUM were correlated with the serum LDH levels (r= 0.652, P less than 0.01). 4) The plasma PGF quantities were 0.7 +/- 0.5 ng/ml and the plasma PGE quantities were 1.7 +/- 0.6 ng/ml in normal subjects on an average. 5) The plasma PGF and PGE quantities in the patients with pulmonary emphysema were not significantly different from those in the normal controls. 6) A significant inverse correlation was observed between the decrease changes of pulmonary arterial pressures and the changes of plasma PGE quantities after oxygen inhalation for the patients with pulmonary emphysema (r= -0.737, P 0.01). PMID- 7129349 TI - [Studies on pressure-flow relationships in the pulmonary vascular bed, during antegrade and retrograde pulsatile perfusion of an excised canine lung lobe preparation]. AB - Pulsatile pressure-flow relationships were studied in order to clarify the mechanical property of the pulmonary vascular bed. The left or right lower lobe of the dog was excised. Then, its pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein and bronchus were attached to a perfusion system. The lobe was perfused either via pulmonary artery (antegrade perfusion) or via pulmonary vein (retrograde perfusion) employing Harvard 1405 pulsatile pump. Positive pressure ventilation was maintained by a respirator throughout the experiment. From the pressure and flow wave, pulmonary vascular input impedance and total hydrauric power were computed by means of Fourier analysis. Pulmonary vascular resistance during retrograde perfusion was lower than that obtained during antegrade perfusion in a high flow state. The data suggests that the pulmonary vascular bed shows more passively distensible character during retrograde perfusion compared with antegrade perfusion. In the control flow state (inflow pressure of 15 mmHg and outflow pressure of 5 mmHg), however, above mentioned relationship was reversed (statistically significant). As outflow pressure was elevated, also, pulmonary vascular bed showed more remarkable distensibility during retrograde perfusion than during antegrade perfusion. With regard to the input impedance modulus and phase, there is no difference between the antegrade and retrograde perfusion of an excised lung lobe. Therefore, pulmonary arterial tree and pulmonary venous tree have a similar mechanical property, which determines the pulmonary vascular impedance. The rate of pulsatile power (Wp)/total hydrauric power (Wt) was 15-25% during antegrade perfusion, and Wp/Wt had minimum value at an inflow pressure of 14.5-15.5 mmHg. It may be stated that this value indicates the best condition for the pulmonary arterial smooth muscle. PMID- 7129345 TI - [CFU-E and hematopoietic disorders]. PMID- 7129350 TI - Copper and liver injury--experimental studies on the dogs with biliary obstruction and copper loading. AB - Cytotoxic effect of excessive copper in the liver of the dogs with longstanding obstructive jaundice were investigated. Common bile duct was ligated in adult mongrel dogs for a period of 21 to 93 days. Copper (0.5 mg/kg weight, every other day) was administered intravenously. Copper content and morphologic changes of the liver was compared with those of the common bile duct ligated dogs without copper administration and of the normal control. Liver copper content was quantitated by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and morphologic investigation was carried out ultrastructurally and histochemically (dimethylaminobenzylidine rhodanine stain for copper and orcein stain for copper associated protein). The copper content of the liver was 57 +/- 8.75 microgram/g wet weight (mean +/- S.E.) in the normal control, 80.84 +/- 15.76 in the common bile duct ligated dogs and 463.46 +/- 76.42 in the common bile duct ligated dogs with copper administration. There was a significant increase (p less than 0.01) of the liver copper content in the common bile duct ligated dogs with copper administration but not in the common bile duct ligated dogs without it. Histologically, the liver showed changes of longstanding cholestasis and of early biliary cirrhosis in the dogs over three months after ligation. Ultrastructurally, both groups showed dilatation of bile canaliculi with decreased and swollen microvilli protruding into their lumina, expanded pericanalicular ectoplasm with increased microfibrils and various forms of intracanalicular and intracytoplasmic bile assuming myelin-figure, crystalloid and dense-amorphous appearances. Also present were increased and dilated smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria showing curled cristae with electron dense ground substance and decreased microvillous projections of hepatocyte cell membranes into Disse's space. Only significant morphologic difference between two groups was the presence of copper protein complex demonstrated by rhodanine and orcein stains as intracytoplasmic coarse granules in the common bile duct ligated dogs with copper administration. These copper-protein complex granules correspond to partially membrane-bound dense bodies seen ultrastructurally, which probably represent autophagic vacuoles or lysosomal residual bodies. Above result suggests that excessive copper accumulated in the liver as lysosomal bodies in longstanding extrahepatic biliary obstruction with copper loading does not produce significant liver cell injury despite eight fold increase of the liver copper content. PMID- 7129351 TI - [Studies on dose-dependent effect of ouabain on right ventricular function and pulmonary circulation]. AB - The clinical utility of digitalis glycoside for the treatment of cor pulmonale induced by chronic pulmonary disease has not been clarified. In the present study, a rational use of this drug for the treatment of cor pulmonale was investigated especially concerning it's dose. In normal open-chested anesthetized dogs, the effect of ouabain was studied with special reference to pulmonary vascular resistance and right ventricular myocardial contractility by changing dose of 0.01 mg/kg, 0.02 mg/kg and 0.03 mg/kg. Pulmonary vascular resistance was increased extremely when the dogs were treated with 0.03 mg/kg, but not changed remarkably with 0.02 mg/kg and 0.01 mg/kg. On the other hand, right ventricular myocardial contractility was increased equally in dogs treated with 0.03 mg/kg and 0.02 mg/kg but slightly in dogs treated with 0.01 mg/kg. From these data, the existence of the optimum therapeutic dose of ouabain for cor pulmonale which increases myocardial contractility enough but has no significant pulmonary vasoconstrictive effect may be suggested. Then this dose of ouabain was given to acute experimental pulmonary hypertensive dogs (mean PA pressure 40-50 mmHg) due to recurrent miliary pulmonary embolization. The other group of pulmonary embolization was not treated with ouabain. Pulmonary vascular resistance was not increased in both groups, but myocardial contractility and cardiac output were increased significantly only in the ouabain treated group. In conclusion, though the dose-response relationship was observed in increasing myocardial contractility and pulmonary vasoconstriction by ouabain, the dose which increases myocardial contractility was less than that which evokes pulmonary vasoconstriction in normal and pulmonary hypertensive dogs. PMID- 7129352 TI - High performance gel permeation chromatography of bovine thyrotropin (TSH): effect of column stability and mobile phase variation. AB - Because of previously observed variability in the elution patterns of radiolabeled bovine TSH (bTSH) and bTSH bioactivity (in a particular bTSH preparation) on gel permeation high performance liquid chromatography (GPC), studies were conducted to examine the effect of different conditions on the elution of this material. Continued use of a Waters' I-125 column at pH 7.2 demonstrated progressive retardation in the elution of bioactivity and radioactivity in this highly-purified bTSH preparation, with progressive but incomplete separation of these two functions. With decreasing mobile phase pH the elution positions of TSH bioactivity and radioactivity advanced to a coincident peak near to the void volume (pH 4). Addition to the mobile phase of the ion pair reagents tetrabutyl-ammonium phosphate (PIC-A) and pentane sulfonic acid (PIC B5) produced marked alterations in the elution positions of TSH radioactivity and bioactivity, with separation of these functions in the presence of the former reagent. These data indicate the present limitations of GPC for the purification of TSH. PMID- 7129353 TI - Angiotensin II effect on plasma steroids in selective hypoaldosteronism. AB - The effect of angiotensin II infusion on plasma pregnenolone, progesterone, corticosterone and aldosterone was investigated in 4 cases of established hypoaldosteronism, in 4 elderly controls in the same age range and in 6 young normals. In young and old normals, angiotensin II induced the expected dose response increase in aldosterone while corticosterone usually decreased progressively during the infusion. Progesterone levels were not significantly different in young and old subjects and no change was observed during angiotensin II infusion. Baseline pregnenolone levels were significantly lower in elderly controls and angiotensin II elicited a slight decrease in pregnenolone in the two control groups. In selective hypoaldosteronism, baseline plasma aldosterone concentrations were very low and the aldosterone response to angiotensin II was blunted. Plasma corticosterone and progesterone levels were in a comparable range to normals throughout the study. Contrary to control subjects, a dose dependent increase in pregnenolone was observed during angiotensin II infusion in the patient group. These results suggest that the anomalies of steroid biosynthesis found in selective hypoaldosteronism could be contributing factors to the hypoaldosteronism in some patients. PMID- 7129354 TI - Effect of sodium dichloroacetate on dental caries in diabetic rats. PMID- 7129355 TI - The 20,000-dalton variant of human growth hormone: effect on bioassayable somatomedin activity in serum. PMID- 7129356 TI - Placental lactogen in human serum and colostrum. PMID- 7129357 TI - Relationship of total and ionized serum calcium circadian variations in normal and hyperparathyroid subjects. PMID- 7129359 TI - [Hemoglobins, XLVIII: the primary structure of hemoglobin of the Indian elephant (Elephas maximus, Proboscidea): beta 2 = Asn]. AB - The primary structure of the hemoglobin of the Indian Elephant (Elephas maximus) is given. The sequence was determined automatically in a sequenator. By homologous comparison with adult human HbA, the alpha-chains differ by 24 exchanges and the beta-chains by 27 exchanges. Furthermore, we report p(O2)50 values with regard to altered contact sites with 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate in Indian elephant hemoglobin. Our findings explain the low p(O2)50 and the reduced interaction with 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate. Elephant hemoglobin has, like that of the Llama, only five phosphate binding sites. In addition, we have made an attempt to relate these results to aspects of respiratory physiology. Some implications of these biochemical and physiological results, concerning the Second Punic War and Hannibal's Alp transition, are given. PMID- 7129358 TI - Depression of adrenocortical function by pharmacology doses of thyroxine in intact and unilaterally adrenalectomized rats. PMID- 7129360 TI - [Influence of steroid hormones on drug disposition? Experiments with acetylruthenocene in mice and rats]. AB - After injection of acetyl-[103Ru]-ruthenocene, high 103Ru concentration are found in adrenals of female mice. This was also found with acetyl-[3H]ruthenocene. On autoradiography only the adrenal cortex, not the medulla, was labelled. High 103Ru accumulations did not occur in the adrenals of male mice or rats, but male rats exhibited a very high 103Ru concentration in the kidney, with concentration kidney/muscle ratios up to 780:1. The 103Ru-concentration in the kidney of female rats was only 1/20 that of male rats. After application of testosterone propionate to female mice or estradiol to male rats a drastic change in organ distribution was observed: the 103Ru radioactivity in adrenals and kidneys decreased by a factor of 15. Similar to these results obtained with acetylruthenocen, a sex-specific distribution, but to a lesser extent, was found with dihydroacetylruthenocens. PMID- 7129362 TI - Phospholipid metabolism of glial cell primary cultures, IV. Metabolism of 1 alkenyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine between 1 and 20 hours incubation. AB - Primary cell cultures prepared from newborn rat brain were incubated on the 16th or 17th day with the substrate 1-([1-3H]-1-alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3 phosphoethanolamine (lysoplasmalogen) for 1-20 h. The internalization of the substrate into the cells depended on the incubation time as well as on the amount of substrate. At any given time the acylation reaction to 2-acyl-1-alkenyl-sn glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (plasmalogen) was the most important event amounting to nearly 50-60% of the total radioactivity incorporated. Unchanged substrate was found in only small amounts within the cells. During incubation, the formation of 2-acyl-1-alkenyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (choline plasmalogen) increased, reaching saturation after 6 h with nearly 40% of the total radioactivity within the cells. These results were compared with those previously obtained with the substrate 1-([1-3H]alkyl)-sn-glycero-3 phosphoethanolamine under the same conditions. The acylation of this substrate as well as its conversion to the choline-containing analogue had been observed. Furthermore plasmalogen formation was also determined as a slow enzyme reaction. Both series of experiments showed a high acylation rate of 1 alkenylglycerophosphoethanolamine and a slow desaturation rate of the 1-alkyl compound. Thus, the following pathway of plasmalogen formation is proposed: 1 alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine leads to 1-alkenyl-sn-glycero-3 phosphoethanolamine leads to 2-acyl-1-alkenyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine. PMID- 7129363 TI - Effect of chloroquine treatment on the different phospholipid species of rat liver lysosomes. AB - The lysosomal phospholipids of rat liver were determined after treatment of the animals with chloroquine for varying periods up to 15 days. During this period, all the measured phospholipids increased. After two weeks of treatment the absolute level of each phospholipid had increased 3 to 6-fold, with the exception of bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate which was increased 25-fold, accounting for one third of the total phospholipids. The fatty acid pattern not only differed between the classes of lipids; it changed during treatment within every lipid class. In addition to other changes, the polyenoic fatty acids of the main glycerophospholipids were markedly reduced between the 3rd and 14th day of chloroquine treatment: to one half in phosphatidylcholine, to about one tenth in phosphatidylethanolamine, and to one quarter in phosphatidylinositol. However, the polyenoic fatty acid content of bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate was doubled, reaching 76% of the total at the end of treatment. Whereas docosahexaenoic acid was not detected in this acidic phospholipid in the first 3 days of treatment, it was present to the extent of 55% of the total fatty acids after 15 days of chloroquine application; PMID- 7129365 TI - Stereospecific reduction of 3- and 7-oxo groups of oxocholanic acids in isolated perfused rat liver. AB - The metabolism of 3- and 7-oxo groups of oxocholanic acids was studied in isolated perfused rat liver. The metabolites in bile were determined enzymatically using 3 alpha- and 7 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. The 3-oxo group of all the oxocholanic acids tested (dehydrocholate, glycodehydrocholate, taurodehydrocholate, 3,7-dioxocholanate, 3,12-dioxocholanate and tauro-7,12 dihydroxy-3-oxocholanate) was reduced stereospecifically to 3 alpha-hydroxy metabolites. On the other hand the 7-oxo group was excreted partially unchanged (30% of the dose) and partially as 7 alpha-hydroxy metabolites (6-10% of the dose). The remainder of the 7-oxo group was concluded to have been reduced to 7 beta-hydroxy metabolites. These results indicate that the 7-oxo group of oxocholanic acids is reduced predominantly to 7 beta-hydroxy metabolites in rats rather than to 7 alpha-hydroxy metabolites as found in man. PMID- 7129364 TI - Effect of dietary lipids on the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase in rat liver. PMID- 7129361 TI - Syntheses of 4-[N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)aminoacyloxymethyl]-3-nitrobenzoic acids for use in the liquid-phase peptide synthesis. AB - The syntheses of 4-(Boc-aminoacyloxymethyl)-3-nitrobenzoic acids are described. These compounds are suitable reagents for coupling to polyethylene glycol or its derivatives by the dicyclohexylcarbodiimide method to obtain 4-(Boc aminoacyloxymethyl)-3-nitrobenzoyl-polyethylene glycol support. This is demonstrated by the reaction of the 4-carboxy-2-nitrobenzyl ester of Boc-alanine with glycylpolyethylene glycol in excellent yield. This synthetic route produces a much better coupling yield and an easier purification procedure in comparison with the original method in which Boc-amino acid cesium salts are allowed to react with 4-(bromomethyl)-3-nitrobenzoyl-polyethylene glycol. PMID- 7129366 TI - Effectiveness of peer review. PMID- 7129367 TI - Heredity and schizophrenia. PMID- 7129368 TI - The CAT scan in diagnosis. PMID- 7129369 TI - Adverse effects of cocaine. PMID- 7129370 TI - The case of Sylvia Frumkin: misdiagnosis or misfortune? PMID- 7129371 TI - Correlates of successful short-term psychiatric hospitalization. AB - The increased popularity of short-term psychiatric hospitalization has raised the question of what kinds of patients benefit most from this treatment. The authors examined the records of 612 patients admitted to an urban general hospital's psychiatric inpatient unit over two years; all subjects had been referred by the hospital's psychiatric emergency room. A total of 156 clinical variables and 18 demographic variables recorded on the emergency room's intake form were examined and correlated with treatment outcome in terms of length of inpatient stay and disposition on discharge, as recorded on discharge records. A total of 21 clinical variables were found to be positively or negatively related to patient discharge into the community within 21 days after admission. None of the demographic features studied were unequivocally related to that outcome measure. The authors suggest that less severely ill patients may respond better (and thus have better treatment outcomes) than more debilitated ones, or that patients who recognize and acknowledge their distress may be better candidates for crisis oriented short-term treatment. PMID- 7129372 TI - Meeting the mental health needs of the aged: the role of psychiatric emergency services. AB - The mental health emergency service is a critical triage point for making decisions about the delivery of a variety of services needed by an increasingly large elderly population. This study explores the roles of two mental health emergency services in providing services and linking elderly clients with elements of the health, mental health, and long-term care systems. A data base was established by a retrospective review of 350 records of elderly clients treated at two urban mental health emergency facilities over a one-year period. Key findings are presented about the demographic characteristics of users age 60 and over, diagnoses, referral and disposition patterns, repeater usage, and emergency versus nonemergency usage. Recommendations are made on the future role of mental health emergency services in meeting the complex health and mental health needs of the elderly in the community. PMID- 7129373 TI - Response strategies for chart requests from psychiatric inpatients. AB - Of 452 patients seen during one year on a medical-school-affiliated general hospital psychiatric unit, 26 requested to see their charts. These patients tended to be younger, more likely to have character disorders, and less likely to have an affective disorder than patients who did not make chart requests. The apparent increase in the number of patients who ask to see their records may be linked to increasing medical consumerism. Rather than causing therapists to become defensive, record requests should provide an opportunity for education and treatment. The authors outline methods of interpreting and responding to chart requests. PMID- 7129374 TI - A comparison of two models of education in residential treatment. AB - All kinds of residential treatment centers for children must deal with the question of how best to provide for the children's education. At least two models exist, the autonomous school and the integrated psychoeducational model. The author outlines the differences between the two models in terms of the students, staff, and goals of each program. The advantages of both models are also discussed in detail. The primary advantage of the autonomous school is the clear definition of staff roles, the author says, while the main disadvantage is the risk of separating education from treatment goals. The psychoeducational model helps in formalizing education as part of treatment, but may cause role diffusion among the staff of different disciplines. PMID- 7129375 TI - Five-year outcome of children admitted to a state mental hospital. PMID- 7129376 TI - Psychosocial rehabilitation: a process evaluation. PMID- 7129377 TI - Determining eligibility of patients for SSI payments: the psychiatrist's role. PMID- 7129378 TI - Problems of front-line workers on psychiatric inpatient units. PMID- 7129380 TI - Insanity defense debated hotly in wake of verdict in Hinckley trial. PMID- 7129379 TI - Perspectives on violence from animal research. PMID- 7129382 TI - New paradigms for mental health. PMID- 7129381 TI - State hospitals in the 1980s. AB - The economic and political forces of the 1980s will have a profound effect on state hospitals. The total number of these facilities is likely to decline, although their utilization will probably remain high. Their staffing will most likely remain low and their total budgets relatively stable. The extent of judicial advocacy that characterized the role of the courts in the last decade will be somewhat diminished in the 1980s. Most state hospitals will be forced by the insufficiency of community alternatives to provide primary and secondary care as well as tertiary care to be catchment areas they serve. PMID- 7129384 TI - Psychosocial intervention: a way out for chronic patients. PMID- 7129383 TI - Civil commitment: is the pendulum changing direction? PMID- 7129386 TI - Reforming the state hospital in a unified care system. AB - Without reform and linkage to unified care system, state hospitals may become overcrowded and underfunded during the coming decades. The author delineates ten epidemiologic, demographic, and systemic factors that point to increases in episodes of chronic illness which are most likely to end in state hospitalization. General hospitals, nursing homes, and community-based programs are compared as possible substitutes for state hospitals. Finally the author recommends twelve internal reforms to strengthen the state hospital system as an integral part of the chronic care network. PMID- 7129385 TI - Fifty years of psychiatric services: 1940-1990. AB - Using data from the National Institute of Mental Health and the Census Bureau, the authors examine trends in the delivery of mental health services over the past 40 years as they relate to number and types of facilities, utilization of services, diagnosis, and maintenance expenditures. The data show that during this period access to psychiatric services has been broadened, and there has been increasing use of outpatient and community-based services. More recently there has been increasing reliance on the private sector to provide services, with the help of third-party reimbursement. In addition, the types of facilities have become more varied, providing a broader range of options for mental health care. The authors consider the future of mental health services in light of these trends. PMID- 7129387 TI - The metamorphosis of the country psychiatric service. AB - From their beginnings, county or municipal psychiatric services have reflected the political and social attitudes of the times. Traditionally they were public facilities that delivered acute inpatient care and a variable range of outpatient services, and, within their mandate, they functioned well. During the past two decades institutional psychiatry has evolved in such a way that there is little difference in the range of services delivered by county, state, and voluntary facilities. The logical role of the county hospital continues to be the provision of acute care for the poor. But for county systems to survive and flourish, they must be prepared to regionalize some services, and to differentiate their role in relation to voluntary and state facilities, yet integrate services with them where needed. They must strengthen ties with academic institutions and effectively address problems of third-party payment and other financial issues. PMID- 7129388 TI - The future of Veterans Administration Hospital programs for psychiatric patients. AB - In planning for the continued care of its large veteran population, the Veterans Administration is taking into account needs generated by trends such as a decreasing incidence of schizophrenia among veterans, an increasing use of outpatient services, and an increasing number of veterans suffering from alcoholism and substance abuse. The authors discuss the characteristics of the three types of VA medical centers that serve psychiatric patients: small general hospitals without a medical school affiliation; large general hospitals with a medical school affiliation; and large general hospitals with large psychiatric populations. One major goal of future planning is to institute psychiatric services at all of the 172 VA medical centers. Another goal is to ensure that each facility with a medical school affiliation will have a day hospital, a day treatment center, and a mental hygiene clinic. PMID- 7129390 TI - Psychiatry in the general hospital: visualizing the changes. AB - The general hospital of the future faces the difficult task of maintaining quality of care in light of increasing demands for service and increasing efforts to control costs. Psychiatric units in general hospitals will share this challenge, reflected in such issues as the need to document the cost effectiveness of services, delineate what circumstances justify the use of inpatient services, and resolve conflicts between (and obtain appropriate reimbursement for) all mental health disciplines. Psychiatry will find it easier to adapt to other changes in general hospital practice, such as the need for greater continuity of care and for varying levels of intensity of care, because of its previous experience in those areas. Through all the changes, psychiatry must continue to speak for the individuality of each patient, not only the psychiatric service but throughout the general hospital. PMID- 7129393 TI - Unified services: concept and practice. AB - Unified services is a further development of the concept of a community mental health center, with the aim of providing coordinated, flexible, continuous, and nonduplicated services. Various states have attempted to translate the concept into systemic changes through legislation, usually making the approach optional. New York State, where five counties have adopted unified services, is used as the primary example; planning and coordinating for all services are in the hands of the counties. The authors discuss over-all benefits of unified systems, and territorial and fiscal problems in implementing them. States are at different stages of developing unified systems, ranging from maintenance of two separate systems of institutional and community programs to integration of planning and services but not funding. What is needed is a mechanism to integrate funding as well, a mechanism through which funds going to agencies will reflect the actual proportions of patients served. PMID- 7129391 TI - Community mental health centers: a look ahead. AB - Community mental health centers are subject to a number of pressures that will affect the way centers operate in the years ahead. These influences include a reduction in federal appropriations, the use of block grants to the states, the administration's efforts at deregulation, and the continuing impact of deinstitutionalization. Because of these pressures, changes can be expected in the staffing patterns, catchment-area philosophy, numbers of service mergers and consolidations, degree of competition with the private sector the role of the states, use of state hospitals, consumer and citizen involvement, and kind and degree of professional advocacy. The author cautions that these trends may lead to decisions harmful to patient care unless careful planning is carried out. Centers of the future may well have to serve fewer clients while maintaining a highly professional staff, a wide range of services, and an increased responsibility for caring for the chronic mentally ill. PMID- 7129389 TI - The future of private psychiatric hospitals. AB - In the near future the programs, the staff, and the physical plant of private psychiatric hospitals will become increasingly specialized. Development of neuropsychiatric evaluation units and greater liaison between the psychiatric hospital and the clinical laboratory have already begun. Improved standards of patient care and opportunities for research should attract to the private hospital more psychiatrists who are academically oriented. The authors predict a decrease in inpatient acute-care alcoholism treatment and shorter hospital stays for adolescents and those who were formerly considered long-term patients. The private hospital will need to increase its contacts with industry and health maintenance organizations. The authors also predict that ownership will become more centralized in hospital chains, similar to the pattern in general hospitals. The believe the major risk to the private hospital lies in abrupt changes in insurance coverage and regulatory interference. PMID- 7129392 TI - How many beds? An overview of resource planning. AB - Determining the number of beds a community needs for the treatment of psychiatric patients has long been a concern of health planners. Variations in the definition of what constitutes a "bed" and in the mental health systems, environmental and social factors, financial considerations, and planning techniques found in each community all have contributed to making resource planning a difficult and highly localized task. The authors discuss these and other issues that planners must take into account in arriving at an estimated number of beds for psychiatric treatment, and point to the planning efforts of California, Nebraska, and Great Britain as three comprehensive approaches. They caution that there are no definitive answers to the questions posed by resource planning and encourage efforts to better classify resources, to provide more information on service systems, and to first design comprehensive community services before eliminating acute inpatient care beds. PMID- 7129394 TI - Guillain-Barre misdiagnosed as conversion disorder. PMID- 7129395 TI - Hypnosis as emergency treatment for a teen-age rape victim. PMID- 7129396 TI - Hospital bases new designs on documented functional needs of its patients, staff. PMID- 7129397 TI - Preadmission review programs targeted to reduce utilization. PMID- 7129398 TI - Moderating expenses continue through July. PMID- 7129399 TI - Hospitalwide input facilitates spectrum of teaching programs. PMID- 7129400 TI - Alternative scheduling for OR personnel results in more surgeries, less overtime. PMID- 7129401 TI - Systemic approach recommended in development of audit program. PMID- 7129402 TI - Lighting system greets and guides visitors. PMID- 7129403 TI - Competition: getting a fix on PPOs. AB - Preferred provider organizations, or PPOs, are emerging in areas where competition is forcing providers to make trade-offs to keep their markets and their patients. The origins and likely future development of established PPOs can inform providers looking to initiate or join a PPO. PMID- 7129405 TI - Kaposi's sarcoma: an extensively disseminated form in young homosexual men. PMID- 7129407 TI - Granulomatous lesions of the bone marrow in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - Granulomatous lesions were found in histologic sections of aspirated bone marrow in nine patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The lesions fell into three distinct histologic types. Type I, present in four patients, consisted of focal to-diffuse lesions showing small lymphocytes intermingled with abundant benign epithelioid cells, occasionally forming discrete granulomas. Giant cells were prominent, some of which showed cytoplasmic inclusions of bony fragments. Many eosinophils and a few plasma cells were present. Type II, present in three patients, consisted of foci of malignant lymphoma containing collections of benign-appearing epithelioid cells forming discrete granulomas. Eosinophils and plasma cells were not prominent. Type III, found in two patients, showed discrete collections of small lymphocytes and histiocytes with an increased number of plasma cells, eosinophils, and megakaryocytes at the periphery. The significance of these lesions is discussed. PMID- 7129406 TI - Computerized histologic assessment of malignant potential: a method for determining the prognosis of uveal melanomas. AB - The authors evaluated 50 cases of primary melanoma of the choroid and ciliary body. In each case, 100 cells were randomly selected from a single histologic slide, and on each cell computer-assisted measurements were made of 18 nuclear and nucleolar features. Means and standard deviations were calculated for each of these features in each tumor. Thirteen calculated variables (six means and seven standard deviations) were found to correlate significantly with patient mortality following enucleation. Standard deviations of statistically significant nuclear and nucleolar features demonstrated significantly greater correlation with mortality than the means of these features, thus confirming the great value of nuclear pleomorphism for predicting the malignant potential of uveal melanomas. Furthermore, when the standard deviation of the nucleolar circumference, a feature highly correlated with survival (P less than 0.00001), was combined with the measurement of the largest dimension of the tumor, linear discriminant analysis correctly predicted the clinical course of 88 per cent of cases. PMID- 7129408 TI - Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease in siblings: case reports and morphometric study. AB - Two cases of fatal veno-occlusive disease are described: the first in a boy 14 years old and the second in his sister, who died, at age 13, only a few months later. In both, the first symptom was effort-induced dyspnea and the course of the disease was rapid. The chest radiograph of the boy showed diffuse opacities, whereas that of the girl showed Kerley lines bilaterally. In both, at autopsy, a diagnosis of severe veno-occlusive disease was confirmed, with partial or complete occlusion of much of the pulmonary venous bed by organized thrombi. The pulmonary vascular system of the girl was processed for light microscopic morphometry by injection of radiopaque medium into the veins of one lung and the arteries of the other. Although there was little filling of the venous system, much of the arterial system filled down to the capillary level. Pre-acinar and intra-acinar arteries showed medial hypertrophy and extension of smooth muscle into precapillary arteries. The concentration of patent intra-acinar arteries relative to alveoli was not significantly less than normal, whereas the concentration of veins was strikingly reduced. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 7129412 TI - Mucinous transformation of synovium. AB - A unique case of mucinous transformation of knee joint synovium associated with recurrent mucinous joint effusions and severe osteoarthritis is presented. The lesion probably represented an extreme pathologic expression of physiologic synoviocytic synthesis of hyaluronic acid. It did not appear to be related to other myxoid lesions that may occur in this area. PMID- 7129404 TI - Cell kinetic measurements of human tumors. PMID- 7129410 TI - Extrahepatic biliary obstruction and liver failure secondary to myeloma of the pancreas. AB - An unusual case of multiple myeloma in an 88-year-old patient is described. Besides skeletal involvement, there was myeloma of the thoracic and abdominal lymph nodes and of the liver and pancreas. In the pancreas, the myeloma extensively involved the head and body, and on computerized tomography scan was suggestive of a pancreatic carcinoma. The myeloma caused extrinsic compression of the common bile duct, resulting in severe jaundice and hepatic and renal failure. To the author's knowledge this is the second such case of pancreatic myeloma causing extrahepatic biliary obstruction. PMID- 7129413 TI - Small intestinal atresia and segmental absence of muscle coats. AB - The case of a newborn infant with small-intestine atresia coexisting with segmental absence of muscle coats leading to perforation and meconium peritonitis is presented. The theories of pathogenesis of the simultaneous occurrence of segmental absence of gut musculature and atresia are briefly reviewed. A possible etiologic role of vascular accident in utero for both conditions is discussed. PMID- 7129409 TI - The nephropathy of cystic fibrosis: a human model of chronic nephrotoxicity. AB - Patients with cystic fibrosis are chronically exposed to several potentially nephrotoxic factors. These include bacterial infections with their associated immune complexes and the antibiotics (aminoglycosides) used in their treatment. In addition, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, and cor pulmonale, commonly seen in these patients, may produce renal injury. To assess the extent of this injury, we performed morphologic and immunopathologic studies of the kidneys of 34 patients at autopsy. The group included 23 female and 11 male patients; their ages ranged from 4 months to 35 years and their disease was diagnosed one month to 22 years prior to death. The histological changes included glomerulomegaly, a mesangiopathic lesion, and tubulointerstitial disease frequently associated with acute and chronic tubular injury. The last was characterized by abundant tubular lysosomal proliferation and tubular atrophy suggestive of chronic amino-glycoside injury. Diagnostic diabetic lesions were not seen. Immunofluorescence studies predominantly revealed deposits of IgM or C3, or both, in glomeruli and arterioles in 18 patients. Although an anti-Pseudomonas antiserum did not show bacterial antigens in the tissues, elution studies in two specimens demonstrated antibacterial antibodies. These observations, coupled with the finding of ultrastructural glomerular deposits, suggest immune complex-mediated injury. No correlation was found between the severity or type of renal histologic lesion and patient age or duration of cystic fibrosis. Despite the occurrence of renal failure in six patients, renal involvement is currently of limited clinical concern in cystic fibrosis. Nevertheless, continued exposure to bacterial immune complexes and aminoglycosides, among other factors, can result in potentially serious renal disease. PMID- 7129417 TI - Cancer of the gallbladder. PMID- 7129415 TI - Lymphoma and pseudolymphoma of the alimentary tract. PMID- 7129416 TI - Chondrosarcoma of bone with "dedifferentiation". PMID- 7129414 TI - Intramedullary ganglioneuroma of spinal cord: a clinicopathologic study. AB - A case of intramedullary ganglioneuroma, a rare tumor occurring in the cervical spinal cord, is presented, and its histologic and ultrastructural features are discussed. In view of the benign course of ganglioneuroma, as represented in this case, it is important to distinguish this tumor histologically from ganglioglioma, a tumor that is histologically similar but has greater malignant potential. The inherent problems in this distinction are discussed. The embryogenesis of ganglioneuroma of the nervous system is also reviewed. PMID- 7129411 TI - Hepatic alveolar echinococcosis invading pancreas, vertebrae, and spinal cord. AB - A case of hepatic alveolor echinococcosis with contiguous invasion of the pancreas, vertebrae, and spinal cord and intrathecal metastases to the brain stem is reported. The long course after a hemihepatectomy may be a factor in the modification of the natural course of the disease and in the induction of this unusual mode of spread. PMID- 7129419 TI - The ring chromosome 13 syndrome. AB - A study of the ring chromosome 13 syndrome is presented with detailed clinical and cytogenetic features of three new unrelated cases. The clinical limits of this syndrome can now be defined. An analysis of these cases together with those in the literature indicates that the syndrome forms a continuous spectrum, and no further taxonomic subdivision is possible at this stage of knowledge. The chromosome breakpoints in the first two cases are 13p11 and 13q32 and in the third case 13p11 and 13q33 or 13q34. All described cases of the ring 13 syndrome have breakpoints within the region bounded by bands 13q21 to 13q34. All rings are negative for silver banding. Peripheral blood cultures showed an average of 88% of metaphases to be 46,XX,r(13), with the remaining 12% manifesting either random loss or ring duplication. The rings vary in size and show a variable number of centromeres. An estimate of the birth incidence of this condition in the Anglo Saxon population is 1 in 58,000. Parents of affected children are clinically and cytogenetically normal, the rings in affected offspring being meiotic in origin. PMID- 7129420 TI - Support for random alignment of mitotic chromatids in associating nucleolus organizers. AB - Peripheral blood cultures of five healthy chromosomally normal adults were used to study the lateral orientation of mitotic chromatids in satellite associations. Chromosomes were prepared after bromodeoxyuridine substitution for two S phases and the fluorescence-plus-Giemsa (FPG) technique. Conventionally stained preparations were used to assess the polymorphisms of the acrocentrics in each individual. Satellite association pairs in which the acrocentrics were involved in a close, relatively straight end-to-end configuration were analyzed in cells with differentially stained sister chromatids. The number of concordant (light light) and discordant (light-dark) chromatid alignments in association varied from individual to individual. Chi square analysis revealed that four of the five subjects and the combined cell population from all subjects showed no deviation from the expected frequency of random alignment. The one subject with preferential nonrandom alignment had the widest range of polymorphisms and very long stalks involved in the majority of the associations, compared with the rest. We have obtained no evidence that as a general rule satellite associations are nonrandom with preferential orientation of dark-to-dark and light-to-light chromatids, although this may be the case in some individuals with very active NORs. PMID- 7129421 TI - Duplication of the short arm of chromosome 9. Analysis of five cases. AB - Five females with duplication of the short arm of one chromosome 9 are reported, one tetrasomic and four trisomic for 9p. The tetrasomy is due to an isochromosome 9p while the trisomies are due in one case to an intrachromosomal duplication present in lymphocytes but not in fibroblasts, two are secondary to translocations with chromosomes 22 and 13 respectively, and one is a mosaic with a cell line with an additional deleted chromosome 9 present in lymphocytes and fibroblasts. This analysis indicates that duplications 9p may result in impairment of ovarian function. The phenotypic differences between trisomy and tetrasomy 9p are discussed. PMID- 7129423 TI - Genetics of complement C4. Two homoduplication haplotypes C4S C4S and C4F C4F in a family. AB - A family in which two homoduplicated C4 haplotypes (or supergenes) segregate is described. One haplotype C4F*3 C4F*2.2 is composed of two C4F alleles and the other C4S*5.1 C4S*1 of two C4S alleles. The C4F duplication haplotype is a partial inhibitor of the Rodgers antigen, and judged from our family and population material, it seems to be rather frequent and associated with HLAB*35, Bf*F, and HLAD/DR*1. The C4S duplication haplotype is Rg(a-) and is not identified in individuals without another S, Ch(A+) variant. PMID- 7129422 TI - Mosaic trisomies in human spontaneous abortions. AB - Data from a cytogenetic survey of spontaneous abortions were examined to determine the incidence and origin of mosaic trisomies in this population. The overall frequency of mosaicism among trisomies was approximately 5%, but the level of mosaicism varied significantly among trisomies, being much higher for the nonacrocentric than for the acrocentric trisomies. Evidence from chromosome heteromorphism analysis suggests that the extra chromosome in mosaic trisomies usually has a meiotic origin. PMID- 7129425 TI - The study of X-rays and TCDD effects on satellite associations may suggest a simple model for application in environmental mutagenesis. AB - Satellite associations were used as parameters to test nucleolar organizer activity. Assuming that toxic and/or mutagenic agents may affect the ribosomal genes, satellite associations in human lymphocytes were analysed following exposure to X-rays and compared with the satellite association pattern of subjects exposed to TCDD. A significant decrease in the satellite association frequency in D group chromosomes was found both in irradiated lymphocytes and in subjects exposed to Dioxin. The findings seem to be in accordance with the hypothesis based on random damage of functional nucleolar organizing regions. PMID- 7129418 TI - Partial Turner's syndrome in four girls with Xq duplication and Xp deficiency. AB - Four girls with some clinical symptoms of Turner's syndrome had Xq duplication and Xp deficiency, their karyotypes being 46,X,dup(X)(p113;q11), 46,X,dup(X)(p212;q211), 46,X,dup(X)(p225;q13), and 46,X,dup(X)(p222;q213). No mosaicism was found. The major clinical findings, short stature, lack of pterygium colli, and no continuous gamete production, are compared with those in three previously published cases. PMID- 7129424 TI - Improved typing of human serum transferrin by isoelectric focusing on ultrathin layer polyacrylamide slab gels. AB - An improved method for separating transferrin subtypes through the use of isoelectric focusing on ultrathin layer polyacrylamide gels is described. The most considerable problems encountered in the assessment of the Tf phenotypes after pretreatment with iron donor compounds are pointed out. Useful technical devices for reducing the occurrence of artifactitious extrabands are suggested. Finally, the gene frequencies in three samples from Italian populations are reported. PMID- 7129426 TI - Glyoxalase I polymorphism and racial admixture in the cuban population. PMID- 7129428 TI - Apparent homozygosity for the fragile site at Xq28 in a normal female. PMID- 7129427 TI - Blood group, protein, and red cell enzyme polymorphisms of the Hadza of Tanzania. AB - Three subpopulations of the Hadza were examined for the following antigens and proteins including enzymes A1ABH, MNS Henshaw, CcCwDDuEeVCe, Lua, KJsa, Fy1Fy2, JkaJkb, Dia, Wra, haemoglobin, haptoglobin, transferrin, acid phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase, adenylate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase. The results are discussed in relation to other African populations including the Sandawe, Nyaturu, Pygmies, San, and Khoikhoi. PMID- 7129431 TI - Comparison of two measuring methods for the evaluation of C-heterochromatin in human chromosomes. AB - In this study two different methods for evaluating the size of the C heterochromatin blocks of human chromosomes 1, 9, 16, and Y were compared. The first method measured the lengths of both the euchromatin and the C heterochromatin parts of the p and q arms of chromosomes 1, 9, 16, and Y. The second method analyzed the same chromosome segments, but by measuring the areas. In the comparison, the relative C heterochromatin value (length or surface) of each chromosome, the mean for each individual, the standard deviation, and the coefficient of variation were taken into account. It is proposed that the best estimation for the size of a C heterochromatin segment is the ratio of its length to the total length of the chromosome; accurate estimation requires at least 20 metaphases. PMID- 7129430 TI - Chromosome breakage factor in the plasma of two Bloom's syndrome patients. PMID- 7129432 TI - Colchicine resistance in human cell lines. Pleiotropic phenotype and decreased membrane permeability. AB - Colchicine-resistant human cells were initially observed in patients exhibiting C anaphases or tetraploidy in lymphocyte cultures. Cell lines established from these patients displayed cross-resistances to daunomycin, emetine, vinblastine, and vincristine and collateral sensitivity to Xylocaine, showing a pleiotropic phenotype similar to that described in permeability mutants in CHO cells. 3H colchicine uptake and binding assays confirmed a decreased permeability to the drug. PMID- 7129429 TI - High resolution banding of prometaphase chromosomes. PMID- 7129433 TI - Familial pericentric inversion of chromosome 1 in a boy with Goldenhar's syndrome. PMID- 7129434 TI - Unusually early dividing chromosomes 13-15 in a child with retinoblastoma and 13q deletion. PMID- 7129435 TI - Translocation t(X;1) and the "critical region hypothesis". PMID- 7129436 TI - Prometaphase banding of human chromosomes with basic fuchsin. AB - A technique is described for the production of detailed and richly contrasting G band patterns in human prometaphase chromosomes with the aid of the triphenylmethane dye basic fuchsin. The usefulness of this method is illustrated by its application for the precise analysis of two chromosome 11 rearrangements. It is also demonstrated that high-resolution banding with basic fuchsin can reveal bands not present in the international standard idiogram of human prophase chromosomes (ISCN 1981). The technique described can also be used for easy recognition of the late replicating X chromosome, which stains darker than its early replicating homologue. A preliminary analysis of the late replicating X chromosomes in a 49,XXXXY individual suggests that the three supernumerary X chromosomes do not necessarily replicate synchronously. PMID- 7129437 TI - Partial inversion of the secondary constriction of chromosome 9: it exists. PMID- 7129438 TI - Muscle provocation test. A sensitive method for discrimination between carriers and noncarriers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PMID- 7129439 TI - Cytogenetic investigations in 150 cases with complaints of sterility or primary amenorrhea. AB - Cytogenetic investigations were carried out on 150 individuals. Out of these 107 were females and 43 males. Eighty seven of the above (43 males and 44 females) had been referred for sterility. Sixty three patients had primary amenorrhea and had been referred directly to this laboratory by clinicians, having been suspected of genetic abnormalities. Twenty-two cases (14.7%) involved in this study chromosomal abnormalities and seven cases (4.7%) showed chromosomal polymorphism. Of the 107 females (44 sterile and 63 with primary amenorrhea), 11 (10.2%) showed numerical or structural sex chromosomal abnormalities. Five patients (4.67%) showed chromosomal polymorphism (involving the paracentromeric and centromeric regions of chromosomes 1 and 9, double satellites, and giant satellites. Of the 43 males, 11 (25.59%) showed numerical and structural abnormalities. Ten cases were anomalies involving the sex chromosomes. One case of a triple autosomal translocation in an otherwise phenotypically normal azoospermic male was of particular interest. Two cases (4.65%) showed double satellites of the acrocentrics. PMID- 7129441 TI - Well-identifiable human chromosomes isolated from mitotic fibroblasts by a new method. PMID- 7129443 TI - Cocultivation studies with cells of patients bearing fragile X chromosomes. AB - Fourteen cocultivation studies were carried out with cells of our patients with fragile X, one obligate and two possible female heterozygotes, two female controls, and a rabbit. In all cocultivations the number of fragile X chromosomes was sharply reduced in the patient cells. The strongest effect was causes by the animal cells. A distinct difference between the two controls in the reducing ability was observed. No such difference was found between the obligate and possible heterozygotes on the one hand and the controls on the other. To test the influence of the residual serum in the mixed blood cultures, the serum of a patient's blood sample was replaced by the serum of a control. The frequency of fragile X chromosomes was not decreased by this procedure. Therefore a soluble factor is supposed to exist which is produced by normal or heterozygote cells in culture and which reduces the expression of fragile sites in patient cells. PMID- 7129442 TI - On the frequency of telomeric chromosomal changes induced by culture conditions suitable for fragile X expression. AB - Under culture conditions suitable for the expression of the fragile site Xq27, "nonspecific" telomeric structural changes similar to the "specific" fra(X) formation occurred apparently on every chromosome arm. Significant differences between individuals seem to exist. The total frequency of nonspecific terminal lesions not located on the long arm of the X chromosome was 0.22 +/- 0.17 per cell in 37 cultures examined. If telomeric lesions on Xq occur in more than 0.7% of the cells from a single culture in males and more than 1.5% of the cells from a single culture in females, then this probably indicates a specific fra(X) expression. Lower percentages may be the result of nonspecific telomeric structural changes in q. These are expected to occur in the normal X as well and may, therefore, give rise to false positive diagnoses in the detection of hemi-, and hetero-, and perhaps also homozygous fra(X) carriers. PMID- 7129445 TI - The phenotype in de novo and familial pericentric inversion 6. A problem in karyotype-phenotype correlation. PMID- 7129444 TI - Standardization of nomenclature for transcobalamin II variants. PMID- 7129440 TI - Correlation between the number of sex chromosomes and the H-Y antigen titer. AB - H-Y antigen was studied serologically on blood cells and cultured fibroblasts of patients with numerical aberrations of the sex chromosomes. As compared with normal males, patients with the karyotypes 48,XXXY and 49,XXXXY have reduced H-Y antigen titers; a tendency toward reduced titers can also be detected in the 47,XXY Klinefelter syndrome. The existence of an intermediary titer was further substantiated by a quantitative absorption test applied to cells with the 49,XXXXY karyotype. It appears that in the presence of one Y chromosome, the H-Y antigen titer decreases with an increasing number of X chromosomes. In contrast, the H-Y antigen titer is increased if, at a given number of X chromosomes, the number of Y chromosomes is increased, as in the 47,XYY male. Consequently, patients with 48,XXYY chromosomes are in the male control range. The findings are interpreted under the hypothesis of a controlling or modifying influence of the sex chromosomes on the titer of H-Y antigen. PMID- 7129446 TI - G-6-PD Guadalajara. A new mutant associated with chronic nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia. AB - This paper describes a new G-6-PD variant designated Guadalajara, which was found in a Mexican boy suffering from chronic hemolytic anemia. The red cell enzyme activity of the subject is about 14%. The mutant enzyme showed rapid electrophoretic mobility, slightly increased affinity for glucose-6-phosphate, slightly decreased affinity for NADP+, moderately elevated utilization of substrate analogues, and normal heat stability, pH curve, and inhibition by NADPH. G-6-PD Guadalajara differs from all previously reported variants and is the first variant associated with chronic hemolysis found in Mexico. PMID- 7129447 TI - Chromosome 17 has a real fragile site at p12. PMID- 7129450 TI - High rate of detection of 13q14 deletion mosaicism among retinoblastoma patients (using more extensive methods). PMID- 7129448 TI - Genetic homology and crossing over in the X and Y chromosomes of Mammals. AB - The "X-Y crossover model" described in this paper postulates the (1) the pairing observed between the X and the Y chromosome at zygotene is a consequence of genetic homology, (2) there is a single obligatory crossover between the X and Y pacing segments, and (3) the segment of the X which pairs with the Y is protected from subsequent inactivation. Genes distal to the proposed crossover ("pseudoautosomal genes") will appear to be autosomally inherited because they will be transmitted to both male and female offspring. Some criteria for identifying pseudoautosomal genes are outlined. The existence of a single obligatory crossover between the X and Y of the mouse is strongly supported by a recent demonstration that the sex-reversing mutation Sxr, which is passed equally to XX and XY offspring by male carriers, is transmitted on the sex chromosomes. Pseudoautosomally inherited genes may also be responsible for XX sex reversal in goats and familial XX sex reversal in man. PMID- 7129453 TI - Effects of glare and background luminance on visual acuity and contrast sensitivity: implications for driver night vision testing. PMID- 7129452 TI - Locus of the stimulus to visual accommodation: where in the world, or where in the eye? PMID- 7129455 TI - Field test of arousal: a portable reaction timer with data storage. PMID- 7129454 TI - Using an elemental analysis of the motion pattern to assess the work performance of amputees. PMID- 7129458 TI - Congenital glaucoma in Gypsies from Slovakia. PMID- 7129457 TI - Biological effects of high natural background radiation with special reference to palmar creases. PMID- 7129451 TI - Incidence of chromosome abnormalities in newborn children. Comparison between incidences in 1969-1974 and 1980-1982 in the same area. AB - As part of an ongoing study of the influence of environmental factors on pregnancy, childbirth, and fetuses, comparisons have been made between incidences in 1969-1974 and in 1980-1982 of chromosome aberrations in liveborn children in the same area of Denmark. The incidence of chromosome aberrations in the first period was 2.6 per 1000, compared with 41. per 1000 during the latter period. However, the difference was mainly due to an increase in inversions, and this in turn was due to a difference in chromosome staining methods between the two periods. It is concluded that the Danish study and similar studies in the United States, Canada, and Scotland indicate that early detection of chromosome aberrations by chromosome examination at birth is indicated in order to be able to inform and counsel parents of children with chromosome aberrations. Chromosome examination at birth is also of importance in the diagnosis of structural inheritable chromosome aberrations and consequent family investigation and genetic counseling. PMID- 7129459 TI - Human erythrocyte galactokinase: a population survey. PMID- 7129449 TI - Identification and function of serologically detectable H-Y antigen. PMID- 7129460 TI - Red cell glyoxalase I polymorphism in the Finnish population. PMID- 7129463 TI - Programmable temperature control system for biological materials. PMID- 7129456 TI - Erythrocyte glyoxalase I and superoxide dismutase polymorphisms in the Mbugu and some other populations of the Central African Republic. PMID- 7129462 TI - Genetic polymorphism of human plasminogen in a Japanese population. PMID- 7129461 TI - Transcobalamin II polymorphism in the Swiss population--its application in paternity testing. PMID- 7129464 TI - Absorption characteristics of prolate spheroidal models exposed to the near fields of electrically small apertures. PMID- 7129465 TI - An approach to optimal threshold selection on a sequence of two-dimensional echocardiographic images. PMID- 7129466 TI - An accurate probe for mapping strong HF magnetic fields. PMID- 7129467 TI - Micropower electronic switches for implanted instrumentation. PMID- 7129468 TI - Nonlinear model combining pulmonary mechanics and gas concentration dynamics. PMID- 7129469 TI - Blood flow effects on the temperature distributions from an invasive microwave antenna array used in cancer therapy. PMID- 7129470 TI - Solutions to three capacitance problems in intracellular single-electrode bridge amplifiers. PMID- 7129473 TI - The development of chick spinal cord in tissue culture. III. Neuronal precursor cells in culture. AB - On culturing fragments of neural tube of Hamilton and Hamburger (H & H) Stage 10 chick embryos, large multipolar neurons developed. The aim of this investigation was to determine whether these neurons in culture developed from dividing neuronal precursor cells, from postmitotic precursor cells, or both. Of the neurons formed during the 20 d of culturing in the presence of [3H]thymidine, 26% were unlabeled, indicating that they originated from cells that were already postmitotic at the time of explantation. By labeling cells of the neural tube in vivo and determining the total number of cells in the neural tube, we estimated that the neural tube of chick embryos of H & H Stage 10 contained approximately 1000 (3.3%) postmitotic cells. By estimating the total number of neurons that formed in 20-d cultures and the percentage of labeled and unlabeled neurons, we concluded that the postmitotic neuronal precursor cells survived well in cultures and proceeded on their predetermined path of differentiation. By considering the number of neurons found in the spinal cord in vivo and the number of labeled neurons found in cultures, we concluded that only a relatively small fraction of the dividing neuronal precursor cells entered the postmitotic stages of differentiation and formed neurons in cultures. The majority of cells that did this, entered the postmitotic stage of differentiation during the first 5 d in culture. PMID- 7129472 TI - The development of mouse spinal cord in tissue culture. II. Development of neuronal precursor cells. AB - Neural tubes of mouse embryos at Theiler Stages 14, 15, and 16 were grown in cultures for 21 d with 0.5 MicroCi/ml tritiated thymidine or cold growth medium. It was found that 50 to 60% of the neurons formed in the outgrowth zone were labeled, indicating that they formed from precursor cells that proliferated in the cultures. The unlabeled neurons must have formed from cells that were already postmitotic when the cultures were started. By comparing the total number of neurons per neuromere formed in vivo and in vitro, it seems that the postmitotic precursor cells survive better in cultures and only a small percentage of proliferative precursor cells in cultures enter the postmitotic stage and form neurons. PMID- 7129471 TI - Estimation of regional myocardial blood flow using computed tomography: a stochastic formulation. PMID- 7129476 TI - Biological characteristics and viral susceptibility of a stable dog kidney cell line. AB - A cell line derived in 1956 from normal dog kidney is described. The cells are epithelial, contact-inhibited, and can be maintained in the same culture vessels for period of more than 2.5 yr. Karyologically, the cells are hypodiploid with a modal number of 72 as opposed to the diploid number of 78. The karyotype indicates male origin of the cells and clonal derivation of extant cultures due to the presence of two marker chromosomes in all metaphases observed. At the 159th passage the dog kidney (DK) cells did not produce tumors in athymic rats. At least 13 viruses of various types produced transmissible cytopathogenic effects in the DK cells, including all of the human influenza viruses investigated. PMID- 7129477 TI - Characterization of a reptilian epithelioid skin cell line derived from the green sea turtle, Chelonia mydas. AB - A continuous line of epithelioid cells was established from explant skin tissues of the green sea turtle, Chelonia mydas. These cells, designated GTS, have been subcultured more than 60 times in commercially available mammalian cell culture medium supplemented with 5% bovine calf serum. Of those temperatures tested, optimal growth was achieved at 30 degrees C although replication occurred between 16 and 37 degrees C. These cells may be held as monolayers at 8 degrees C or stored frozen in growth medium containing 10% dimethyl-sulfoxide at -70 or -196 degrees C. The modal number of 55 chromosomes per cell is in agreement with the heterogametic female diploid number of this species. The GTS line represents the first established culture of normal epithelioid skin cells to be reported for a poikilothermic species. PMID- 7129475 TI - MDCK microcarrier cultured: seeding density effects and amino acid utilization. AB - The growth of Madin Darby canine kidney cells on microcarriers was studied at different cell seeding densities. Maximum growth was attained when a cell-to-bead ratio of 7:1 was used. Under these conditions an initial concentration of above 3 X 10(6) cells/ml resulted in a yield of over 2 X 10(6) cell/ml in 2 d. The amino acid utilization of cells from Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium was studied under the above conditions. Eight amino acids (arg, cys, gln, ile, leu, met, ser, and val) showed rapid and near complete depletion from the medium. Five amino acids (his, lys, phe, thr, and tyr) showed limited depletion. Two amino acids (ala and gly) were released into the medium by the cells. PMID- 7129474 TI - Decrease in protein content and cell volume of cultured dog kidney epithelial cells during growth. AB - Protein content per cell and cell volume of the canine kidney epithelial cell line, MDCK, and one of its chemically induced tumorigenic transformants (T1k) were examined during growth in serum-containing and serum-free, hormonally defined media. Both protein content per cell and cell volume (measured with 3-O methyl-D-glucose) decreased when cell density increased. Significant inverse linear correlations were found between protein content (and cell volume) and the log of the cell number. Equations relating these variables were derived. No difference was detected between cells grown in serum-containing and in serum-free media. Results of 22Na+ uptake experiments differed markedly when expressed as a function of cell number or as a function of protein content or cell volume. However, protein content and cell volume bore a constant relationship to one another, and expression of results as a function of protein content or cell volume yielded qualitatively similar results. These findings show that in MDCK cells, as in other cell lines, protein content and cell volume decrease markedly during growth and that these variations must be taken into account when expressing and interpreting the results of transport measurements. PMID- 7129478 TI - Fetal rabbit gastric epithelial cells cultured on floating collagen gels. AB - Cells were isolated from approximately 30 d fetal rabbit stomachs and cultured on floating collagen gels. Electron microscopy showed monolayers in which only one cell type persisted. These columnar cells were joined at apical borders by tight junctions and contained an extensive endoplasmic reticular network with an occasional intracellular canaliculus. They also occasionally contained what appeared to be secretory granules (mucus?), and therefore had some characteristics of all the cell types of the intact fetal stomachs, which showed oxyntic, mucous, and undifferentiated cells. In Ussing chambers with Ringer's solution on both sides, cultures developed transepithelial potential (potential difference [PD], mV, mucosa ground) = 13, resistance (resistance [R], omega - cm2) - 285, and short-circuit current (Isc, microA/cm3) = 45 (n = 7), clearly indicating that cellular polarity and junctional integrity were maintained. These transport parameters were somewhat different for intact fetal stomachs (PD = 20, R = 70, and Isc = 220 [n = 4]), which may be due to extensive folding of intact fetal stomachs or the presence of only one cell type in culture, or both. Although gastric stimulants histamine, dibutyryl cycle AMP (dbcAMP), and isobutylmethylxanthine (IMX) (a phosphodiesterase inhibitor) did not elicit H+ secretion or electrophysiological changes in monolayers or intact stomachs, 10-4 M apical amiloride caused a decrease in Isc in cultured monolayers(27%) and intact stomachs (50%). Thus, Na+ transport seems to be a significant fraction of ion transport in both preparations. This culture system may allow the study of oxyntic cell differentiation and the development of H+, Na+, and Cl- transport in the gastric musoca. PMID- 7129479 TI - Elimination of the M. hyorhinis from murine neuroblastoma cell lines by in vivo passage. AB - Cell lines derived from a murine neuroblastoma, Clone N18, were cured of their M. hyorhinis infection by in vivo passage. The major variable determining success of this method was found to be the incubation time in vivo. Infected cells maintained in vivo for 27 d or more and then placed in culture were free of mycoplasma whereas those maintained in vivo for 7 or 14 d were found to still be infected. This approach to eliminating mycoplasma infection may be successful using other tumor cell lines. PMID- 7129480 TI - Characteristics of human chondrocyte cultures in completely defined medium. AB - Chondrocytes derived from normal human adult articular cartilage were established and maintained for over 5 months in a completely defined medium without the addition of serum or any other growth factors. At the end of 5 months, these cells were still metabolically active. The cells incorporated [3H] thymidine into DNA, incorporated [35S] sulfate into proteoglycans, and exhibited lysosomal enzyme activities. The 35S-labeled proteoglycans isolated from the culture medium had elution profiles on high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) similar to those observed for proteoglycans from other mammalian sources. This self contained growth competence may reflect a need produced by the unusual avascular and alymphatic character of articular cartilage. PMID- 7129484 TI - The effect of UV irradiation on proliferation and life span of human diploid fibroblast-like cells. AB - The effect of low dose UV irradiation on the reinitiation of proliferative activity and on the life span of human diploid fibroblast-like cells is described. Cells were exposed to UV at confluence or after maintenance in an arrested state. Cell division was stimulated immediately after UV irradiation or after an additional post-UV incubation period. Arrested populations of all in vitro ages exhibited a greater sensitivity to UV and the reinitiation of proliferation was enhanced by post-UV incubation before stimulation. Ultraviolet light had no effect on life span regardless of in vitro cell age, culture state at the time of exposure, or the presence of a postirradiation period of arrest. PMID- 7129483 TI - Morphology and lactose synthesis in tissue culture of mammary alveoli isolated from lactating mice. AB - Mammary epithelial cells from lactating mice synthesize and secrete lactose in culture and retain many features of their in vivo morphology if mammary glands are only partially dissociated to alveoli, rather than completely dissociated to single cells. After 5 d in culture lactose synthesis by alveoli cultured on floating collagen gels is 10 to 20 times higher than in cultures of single cells on floating collagen gels. Moreover, mammary alveoli in culture retain sensitivity to lactogenic hormones; the synthesis of lactose by alveoli depends on the continued presence of insulin and either hydrocortisone or prolactin. In addition, within alveoli the original juxtaposition of constituent epithelial cells is retained, and cells are cuboidal and have many microvilli and fat droplets. In contrast, alveoli on attached gels flatten and lose their secretory morphology. These results indicate that the shape of the cells, presence of lactogenic hormones, and maintenance of epithelial:epithelial cell contacts are required for maintenance of mammary epithelial cell differentiation in culture. PMID- 7129482 TI - Primary cultures and the levels of cytochrome P450 in hepatocytes from mouse, rat, hamster, and rabbit liver. AB - Hepatocyte primary cultures (HPC) derived from rat, mouse, hamster, and rabbit liver were characterized for a variety of parameters. The conditions that maximized recovery, attachment, and survival varied between species. Hepatocytes from all four species were capable of attaching in serum-free Williams' medium E (WME), but optimal attachment as monolayer cultures was achieved for mouse and hamster HPC in medium receiving 1% calf serum supplementation. Hamster hepatocytes required additional cations, whereas rabbit and rat hepatocytes displayed maximal attachment in medium supplemented with 10% calf serum. Survival of mouse and rabbit hepatocytes after 24 h in serum supplemented media was in the order of 90%. Rat and hamster hepatocyte 24 h survival was approximately 70 and 60%, respectively, and was not significantly affected by serum supplementation. Hepatocytes from each species varied in their content of cytochrome P450 at the time of isolation and in the rate of reduction during culture. Mouse and rat hepatocytes demonstrated the most rapid decline in content during the initial 24 h in culture, whereas concentrations in rabbit hepatocytes were virtually unchanged. The rate of decline in P450 concentrations in hamster hepatocytes was intermediate between those displayed by rat and rabbit hepatocytes. These studies have delineated conditions useful for the culture of hepatocytes from four species and have documented the status of an important parameter of their functional capability. PMID- 7129481 TI - Metanephric development in serum-free organ culture. AB - A new mouse metanephric organ culture system has been developed to study mammalian renal development. The system permits in vitro organotypic differentiation in a serum-free, hormone supplemented medium consisting of Dulbecco's minimal essential medium (MEM) and Ham's F12 medium supplemented with insulin, 5 microgram/ml; PGE1, 25 ng/ml; T3, 3.2 pg/ml; hydrocortisone, 5 microgram/ml; and transferrin, 5 microgram/ml. In this system, metanephric development continues morphologically beyond the S-shaped tubule stage. A well differentiated proximal tubule forms with a well defined brush border, specialized intercellular connections, and an apical endocytic network. In addition, a unique devascularized glomerulus, with highly differentiated podocytes surrounding areas of basement membrane, forms entirely from epithelial elements. The present organ culture model goes beyond the limitations of previously described systems in that it does not require separation of nephrogenic blastema from ureteric bud, nor require animal serum or nonspecific tissue extracts for metanephric development. The model is thus suited for morphological, biochemical, and endocrinological study of normal and abnormal renal organogenesis. PMID- 7129488 TI - Influence of aortic impedance on left ventricular function in aortic stenosis. PMID- 7129487 TI - Characterization of a cell line (SW756) derived from a human squamous carcinoma of the uterine cervix. AB - An established cell line, SW756, derived from a primary squamous carcinoma of the uterine cervix is described by its morphology, ultrastructure, karyotype, genetic signature analysis, HLA typing, and tumorigenesis in the nude mouse. Cultured cells obtained from the SW756 derived nude mouse tumor also were studied for chromosome and isozyme markers. The original tumor was poorly differentiated carcinoma with minimal keratinization and is compared with that occurring in the nude mouse after the cultured cells were inoculated. The nude mouse tumor showed similar histological features, but better differentiation than the original tumor. Karyotype analysis of SW756 demonstrated a hyperdiploid stem line number and several marker chromosomes (MI-M6). No HeLa marker chromosomes were identified. The isozyme pattern for SW756 reported by others has been confirmed. The unique chromosome and isozyme features have been identified repeatedly in the cultured cells and, most importantly, in the post nude mouse culture. We recommend SW756 as a defined human tumorigenic cell line derived from a primary squamous carcinoma of the uterine cervix. PMID- 7129485 TI - Development of tetraploidy in V79 spheroids. AB - Chinese hamster V-79-171 cells, when placed in suspension culture, spontaneously form multicell spheroids. As the spheroids enlarge the fraction of polyploid (predominantly tetraploid) cells increases and can approach 100% in very large spheroids. Spheroid size, rather than age, seems to be a major determinant for increased ploidy. When cell separation techniques were used to select enriched populations of diploid and tetraploid cells, the growth rate and plating efficiency of the diploid cells was always marginally higher, and they gradually became predominant in mixed monolayer cultures. Cloned tetraploid cells, however, generally remained quite stable, and no consistent ploidy dependent changes in radiosensitivity were observed relative to normal, diploid cell lines. PMID- 7129486 TI - Toxicity to organ cultured hearts of media prepared with disposable filter units. PMID- 7129489 TI - Effect of sudden increase in aortic impedance on left ventricular pressures and assessment of severity of aortic stenosis. PMID- 7129491 TI - Suprasternal contrast echocardiography: its role in paediatric cardiology (a preliminary report). PMID- 7129492 TI - Profile of myocardial infarction among the railroad workers in Eastern India-a 6 year study. PMID- 7129490 TI - Retrograde atrial preexcitation by programmed ventricular extrastimulation in paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia mediated by concealed bypass tracts. PMID- 7129493 TI - Electrocardiographic changes in patients receiving tricyclic antidepressants. PMID- 7129496 TI - Surgical correction of rare variant of cor triatriatum with absent coronary sinus. PMID- 7129495 TI - Cardiovascular complications in renal failure. PMID- 7129494 TI - Exercise induced ventricular arrhythmias and effects of suppressive therapy with propranolol and verapamil. PMID- 7129497 TI - Osteogenesis imperfecta with atrial septal defect. PMID- 7129499 TI - Paget-Schrotter syndrome-a case report. PMID- 7129498 TI - Severe hypotension and bradycardia after suicidal consumption of 100 tablets of verapamil: a case report. PMID- 7129501 TI - Stress testing in asymptomatic subjects with important coronary risk factors. PMID- 7129500 TI - Postoperative hyperpyrexia in a case of Noonan's syndrome. PMID- 7129502 TI - Metabolic activity of the resting seeds of Cuscuta campestris & its host alfalfa. PMID- 7129504 TI - Behaviour of molecular sieve bound urease. PMID- 7129505 TI - A halophilic fructose 1,6-biphosphate aldolase from Halobacterium halobium. PMID- 7129503 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance studies in malignant & uninvolved human tissues. PMID- 7129507 TI - Activation & inhibition of mouse liver threonine dehydratase by nucleotides. PMID- 7129506 TI - Properties of mycobacillin in a mixed monolayer with phospholipids or fatty acids. PMID- 7129508 TI - Effect of molecular size on inhibition of synaptosome dopamine uptake by antihistaminic pheniramines. PMID- 7129509 TI - New methods for urinary estimation of antitumour compounds echitamine & plumbagin. PMID- 7129510 TI - Effect of nicotinic acid on concentration of aortic glycosaminoglycans in rats. PMID- 7129513 TI - Effect of sera from leukemic mice on mitogen induced blastogensis of lymphocytes from syngenic normal mice. PMID- 7129512 TI - Steady-state kinetic studies of green gram glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. PMID- 7129514 TI - Design of a styrofoam block cutting device for making individual shields in the treatment of lymphomas. PMID- 7129511 TI - Age-dependent properties of acid & alkaline DNases in chick brain. PMID- 7129516 TI - Multicentric aneurysmal bone cyst (report of a case). PMID- 7129515 TI - Corynebacterium parvum antibodies in healthy and cancer patients. PMID- 7129517 TI - Liver tissue choristoma presenting as an abdominal wall ulcer. PMID- 7129518 TI - Development, life styles and oncogenic hazards. PMID- 7129519 TI - Fine needle aspiration cytology in diagnosis of hepatic malignancies. PMID- 7129520 TI - Leukaemic pattern in Delhi--a ten year study of 490 cases. PMID- 7129521 TI - Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland: a clinicopathological study of 123 cases. PMID- 7129523 TI - Langerhans cell-containing epidermal cells are not cytotoxic in antibody dependent- and mitogen-induced-cellular cytotoxicity. AB - Langerhans cells (LC) constitute a small (2-6%) subpopulation of mammalian epidermal cells (EC) and are the only EC that bear Fc-IgG receptors and that share several other cell-surface characteristics and functional capabilities with cells of the monocyte-macrophage series. Since Fc-IgG receptor-positive macrophages are potent effector cells in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), we determined whether LC-containing EC populations are also able to mediate ADCC. In the ADCC assay employed, BALB/c LC-containing EC at different effector/target cell ratios consistently failed to lyse bovine red blood cell (BRBC) targets which were either trinitrophenyl(TNP)-modified or not modified and reacted with an appropriate antibody: a purified rabbit IgG anti-BRBC, or a mouse or rabbit anti-TNP antiserum. In addition, LC-containing EC did not mediate mitogen-induced cellular cytotoxicity using purified phytohemagglutinin. BALB/c spleen cells, used as a positive control, gave substantial specific release in all experiments performed. PMID- 7129524 TI - Comparative phagocytosis of cadmium microcrystals by peripheral blood glass adherent cells of newborn and healthy adults. AB - Microcrystals of cadmium, saturated with human serum albumin, were employed as a microassay for phagocytosis by glass-adherent blood cells. Using this assay, it was found that leukocytes of newborns possess significantly higher phagocytic activity and that a higher proportion of active phagocytic cells is present in newborns than in adults. In contrast, adult sera contain higher level of opsonins for cadmium microcrystals than cord sera. Heat inactivation and zymosan absorption of both adult and cord sera decreased significantly the opsonic power of sera, thus suggesting the participation of complement in opsonization of these particles. PMID- 7129522 TI - IV-evaluation of plasma glutathione reductase as a marker during therapy in leukemia patients. PMID- 7129525 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to rat sarcomata. I. Immunization procedures and source of lymphoid cells for hybridoma production. AB - Hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies with specificity for Hooded rat fibrosarcomata have been obtained by fusion of the rat myeloma Y3 Ag 1.2.3. (Galfre, Milstein & Wright, 1979) with cells taken from spleens or lymph nodes of immunized syngeneic and allogeneic donors. Two of the monoclonal antibodies, both derived from he spleens of tumour bearers, showed specificity for individual tumours one for MC24 (M10/76) and the other for HSNTC (11/160). These two antibodies had a long half-life in the blood when injected intravenously showing that they had a low affinity for normal tissue antigens. Monoclonal antibodies exhibiting broad tumour specificity or extensive cross-reactivity with normal cells were secreted by many of the hybridomas derived from both syngeneic and allogeneic rats that had been hyperimmunized with tumour cells. These results are discussed in relation to the production of monoclonal anti-tumour antibodies for use in experimental therapy. PMID- 7129526 TI - The disappearance kinetics and glomerular deposition of small-latticed soluble immune complexes. AB - The disappearance from circulation and the glomerular localization of human serum albumin (HSA) anti-HSA complexes made at fifty-fold antigen excess were examined in mice and compared with the same features of complexes made at five fold antigen excess. Complexes prepared at fifty-fold antigen excess consisted principally of small-latticed complexes (Ag2Ab2 and Ag1Ab1) that persisted in the circulation after the initial rapid disappearance attributed to extravasation. The presence of small-latticed complexes in the circulation did not lead to glomerular localization of complexes during a 96 hr period. In contrast, when large-latticed soluble complexes, prepared at five-fold antigen excess, were injected, abundant glomerular deposits developed. These observations indicate that the lattice of circulating immune complexes must exceed the Ag2Ab2 structure in order for glomerular deposition to occur. PMID- 7129528 TI - Antigen transport. I. Demonstration and characterization of cells laden with antigen in thoracic duct lymph and blood. AB - Thoracic duct lymph (TDL) of nonimmune rats and mice was examined for the presence of antigen-carrying cells immediately following a single injection of 125I-labelled or fluorescence-labelled serum protein antigens. Small numbers of cells laden with antigen (approximately 1/2000 to 1/5000) were identified in TDL and blood by autoradiography or fluorescence microscopy. The antigen-laden (Ag-L) cells resembled macrophages in that a large number adhered to plastic, they phagocytosed bacteria or a particulate dye, were non-specific esterase positive, radioresistant and could take up more than one antigen at one time in vivo. Surface phenotyping using monoclonal antibodies against rat cell markers established that Ag-L cells did not express Ia determinants. The results suggest the existence of a subpopulation of macrophage-related cells that may be involved in the transport of antigen and in stimulation of antibody responses. PMID- 7129527 TI - Immune responsiveness against the human placenta. I. Generation of cellular and humoral activity in experimental animals. AB - Using a new adaptation of the 51Cr release assay, it was found that plasma membrane vesicles from the human placental microvillous surface were not only capable of eliciting both cellular and humoral immunity in mice, but were also susceptible to lysis by these immune components. The production of cytotoxic cells and circulating antibody in immunized animals was only observed in the presence of Freund's complete adjuvant. The cells exhibited reactivity only against vesicles from a limited range of placentae, while the antibodies showed reactions against vesicles from a wider range of placentae. These vesicles were also susceptible to lysis by antisera raised against placental alkaline phosphatase but were resistant to attack by antibodies raised against normal human serum and HLA (multispecific) determinants and by a cytotoxic monoclonal antibody against human beta 2-microglobulin. The cellular cytotoxicity in the spleens of immunized animals could be abrogated if the cells were pretreated with AKR anti-C3H antiserum and complement. Further, in the spleens of in immunized animals, a population of cells was detected that exhibited a 'natural' cytotoxicity against several of the membrane preparations. This cytotoxicity was heat-labile, being abrogated if the cells were preincubated at 37 degrees for 4 hr before the assay, but was resistant to attack by the anti-Thy 1 antiserum. The results indicate that the use of 51Cr-labelled placental microvillous vesicles is a useful way of searching for anti-trophoblast immunity which may now be applied to the search for immune responses in pregnancy. PMID- 7129530 TI - Haemolytic disease in mice induced by transplantation of hybridoma cells secreting monoclonal anti-erythrocyte autoantibodies. PMID- 7129532 TI - "ABO blood groups and vitiligo". PMID- 7129533 TI - Study of tinea corporis infection. PMID- 7129531 TI - Hirsutism and problem of its management. PMID- 7129529 TI - Altered density, metabolism and surface receptors of eosinophils in eosinophilia. AB - A comparison was made between eosinophils from normal persons and patients with eosinophilia. Highly purified eosinophils were obtained by centrifugation in a Percoll density gradient. Studies were carried out on density distribution, oxygen consumption upon adherence to serum-coated Sephadex and expression of cell surface receptors for IgG and complement. In eosinophil leukaemia the density of eosinophils was abnormally low. Abnormal light density fractions of blood eosinophils were also detected in the hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES). Light density eosinophils of HES showed morphological signs of degranulation consonant with the finding of a low content of granular eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) suggesting degranulation in the circulation or abnormal granule formation in the marrow. In addition, such cells exhibited a higher oxygen consumption than eosinophils with normal density upon adherence to serum-coated Sephadex. Low density eosinophils showed a greater number of cells with Fc-IgG and complement receptors than high density cells. Likewise exudate eosinophils displayed an abnormally low density with higher than normal oxygen consumption indicating that eosinophils may be activated in the tissues. In one patient with HES, a febrile episode resulted in a disappearance of eosinophils with a normal density while abnormal low density eosinophils increased. Our findings suggest that eosinophils from some patients with eosinophilia may be 'activated' in the circulation. PMID- 7129534 TI - Induction of ovulation & spawning by ectopically transplanted pituitary in the skipper frog Rana cyanophlyctis Schneider. PMID- 7129537 TI - Immune responses in mice exposed to coal mine dust. PMID- 7129535 TI - Mitigation of poison aversion in the house rat Rattus rattus rufescens (Gray) through acclimatization. PMID- 7129536 TI - Effect of centrally administered monoaminergic & cholinergic receptor antagonists on carrageenin-induced pedal edema in rats. PMID- 7129538 TI - Age-related hyperglycaemic effect of diallyl disulphide in rats. PMID- 7129539 TI - Diallyl disulphide induced changes in microsomal enzymes of suckling rats. PMID- 7129540 TI - Effect of caffeine on macromolecular synthesis in sarcoma-180 mouse ascites cells. PMID- 7129541 TI - Radioresponse of spermatogonia of mouse exposed to X-irradiation in atmospheres of air, oxygen & nitrogen. PMID- 7129542 TI - Guinea-pig cardiac & ileal histamine receptors during hyperthyroid state. PMID- 7129546 TI - Effect of chronic heat stress on adreno-medullary hormones & blood sugar response in Blue Rock pigeon Columbia livia Gmelin. PMID- 7129544 TI - Involvement of phosphodiesterase inhibiting property in antihypertensive action of prazosin: using platelet model. PMID- 7129543 TI - Probable mode of taurine action. PMID- 7129545 TI - Inhibition of acetylcholine esterase by permethrin & its reversion by acetylthiocholine. PMID- 7129548 TI - Vitamin A levels of ichthyotic and non-ichthyotic skin and plasma of leprosy patients with and without clofazimine therapy. PMID- 7129549 TI - Effects of ethanol on phospholipid composition and metabolism of Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC 607. PMID- 7129547 TI - Intracerebroventricular aconitine induced cardiac arrhythmia: involvement of central histaminergic receptors. PMID- 7129550 TI - Malaria persistence in some coastal villages in south India. PMID- 7129551 TI - Frequency and duration of acute filarial attacks in persons in Brugia malayi endemic community. PMID- 7129552 TI - Gangliosides in different regions of brains of small-for-date infants. PMID- 7129553 TI - Acute myocardial infarction in the neonate. PMID- 7129554 TI - Quantitative estimation of menstrual blood loss. PMID- 7129555 TI - Evaluation of different combinations of sulphonamides with trimethoprim in urinary tract infection. PMID- 7129556 TI - Detrusor supersensitivity to 15 (S) 15-methyl prostaglandin F2-alpha in chronic neurogenic vesical dysfunction. PMID- 7129558 TI - Serum trihydroxy/dihydroxy bile acid ratio in patients of cirrhosis. PMID- 7129557 TI - Glycosylated haemoglobin in chronic renal failure. PMID- 7129559 TI - Gallstone disease and lithogenicity of bile in intestinal tuberculosis. PMID- 7129561 TI - Effect of composition of diet on some aspects of cholesterol and triglyceride metabolism in rats. PMID- 7129563 TI - A clinicopathological study of adnexal tumours of skin. PMID- 7129562 TI - Impaired phagocytosis in acute peritonitis. PMID- 7129560 TI - Significance of C-reactive protein in the management of ulcerative colitis. PMID- 7129564 TI - Efficacy of diureodosan against intestinal helminths of dogs. PMID- 7129565 TI - X-ray diffraction study of urinary calculi from the Meerut region. PMID- 7129567 TI - Measurement of reverse triiodothyronine in maternal serum and amniotic fluid and its correlation with fetal lung maturity. PMID- 7129566 TI - Design and standardization of a portable audiometric booth. PMID- 7129569 TI - Faecal leucocytes in bacterial diarrhoea of infants. PMID- 7129568 TI - Measurement of reverse triiodothyronine for the newborn screening of thyroid disorders. PMID- 7129571 TI - Impact of I.C.D.S. on preschoolers of urban slums. PMID- 7129570 TI - Biliary atresia, an analysis of 30 cases. PMID- 7129576 TI - Pediatric endocrinology in India: present and future. PMID- 7129573 TI - Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines. PMID- 7129574 TI - Caring for patients with congenital heart disease. PMID- 7129575 TI - Acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis in India. PMID- 7129572 TI - Regulation of breathing in infants and children. PMID- 7129579 TI - Screening of the newborn for hypothyroidism. PMID- 7129578 TI - Endemic goitre in India: prevalence, etiology, attendant disabilities and control measures. PMID- 7129577 TI - Diagnostic approach and management of precocious puberty. PMID- 7129580 TI - Genetics of ambiguous genitalia. PMID- 7129581 TI - The use of chlorpropamide in diabetes insipidus in children. PMID- 7129583 TI - Dystonic reactions following metoclopramide therapy. PMID- 7129582 TI - Burkitt's lymphoma presenting as pyloric obstruction. PMID- 7129584 TI - Conceptual changes in medical education and service. PMID- 7129585 TI - An epidemiological study of an outbreak of epidemic dropsy in Itarsi (MP). PMID- 7129586 TI - Genetic toxicity of some industrial dyes often detected as food adulterants. PMID- 7129587 TI - A study of infective hepatitis outbreak in Tirupati town. PMID- 7129588 TI - Cultivation of Leishmania tropica from untreated and treated cases of Oriental sore. PMID- 7129591 TI - Some factors affecting sex of a child. PMID- 7129593 TI - A morbidity survey for chronic illness by the household interview technique. PMID- 7129590 TI - Socio-demographic correlates of the decision process for medical termination of pregnancy and family planning. PMID- 7129592 TI - Bacterial flora of Sandfly gut (Diptera: Psychodidae). PMID- 7129594 TI - A review of water, sanitation, and health--for all. PMID- 7129595 TI - A review of WHO drinking water and sanitation decade--1981-1990. PMID- 7129589 TI - Abortion and M.T.P. cases--a study of hospital admissions from 1971 to 1979. PMID- 7129601 TI - Ischaemic colitis with perforation in a patient with multiple injuries. PMID- 7129596 TI - Pyridine nucleotide-dependent generation of hydrogen peroxide by a particulate fraction from human neutrophils: effect of substrate concentration. AB - NAD(P)H oxidase activity was determined in particulate fractions from human neutrophils by measuring the production of hydrogen peroxide. Activity was measured over a wide range of substrate concentrations from 0.0 to 4.0 mM. The activity with NADPH was consistently greater than with NADH. Activity towards both substrates was higher in a particulate fraction derived from cells which had phagocytized opsonized zymosan than in a corresponding fraction from resting cells. This increased activity was apparently due to a decreased Km of the enzyme, although no evidence of allosteric kinetics was obtained. The activity was markedly reduced in the presence of superoxide dismutase, indicating the involvement of a superoxide-mediated chain reaction. Particular fractions derived from cells of a patient with chronic granulomatous disease exhibited decreased activity towards both substrates and an apparent defect in the activation of the enzyme by phagocytosis. PMID- 7129602 TI - Acute central cord syndrome without bony injury. PMID- 7129598 TI - Circulating phospholipids in interstitial inflammatory fluid of the rabbit. AB - Using a sponge implantation model in the rabbit, we have examined the distribution and fatty acid composition of extravascular phospholipids in interstitial inflammatory fluid. Inflammatory fluid contained less phosphatidylserine and -inositol and a complete absence of phosphatidylethanolamine as compared to autologous plasma. Inflammatory fluid phospholipids contained an increased amount of oleic acid, decreased linoleic acid, and undetectable levels of arachidonic acid, despite unaltered levels of these fatty acids in other extravascular lipid classes as compared to plasma. Potential metabolic consequences of these findings are discussed. PMID- 7129600 TI - Symposium on care of the multitrauma patient. Nijmegen. September 1981. PMID- 7129603 TI - Priorities in multiple injuries: a brief review. PMID- 7129604 TI - Radiological management of the patient with multiple injuries. PMID- 7129605 TI - Injury severity scoring systems. PMID- 7129606 TI - Emergency craniotomy in severe head injury and the present state of knowledge regarding prognosis. PMID- 7129599 TI - A rapid quantitative assay for activated neutrophils. AB - We present here a rapid, sensitive, and convenient assay for activated human PMNs based on detecting the decreased optical density (OD) of aggregated cell suspensions. This quantitative assay uses an ELIZA machine to measure OD changes, with time, of activated cells (5 X 10(5) cells/well) in microtiter plates. The assay is sensitive, detecting aggregation induced by as little as 0.0001 microgram/ml of LPS, or lymphokines in Con-A-activated supernatant diluted 1/500. The assay permits analysis of 400 separate PMN suspensions on the same day starting with less than 80 ml of blood. PMID- 7129607 TI - Indication for thoracotomy and chest wall stabilization. AB - In multiply injured patients with major blunt thoracic injuries, the continued high mortality is mainly caused by the additive effect of the unstable flail chest associated with pleural and lung injuries upon the pulmonary gas exchange disturbance caused by haemorrhagic shock. A more active approach with early thoracotomy and chest wall stabilization is recommended. Three groups of injuries provide the appropriate indication: 1. Penetrating injuries, ruptures of organs and great vessels, when associated with serial rib fractures, which should be stabilized 'on retreat'. 2. Anterior or lateral wall instability due to double serial rib fractures with concomitant pleural and lung injuries. 3. Flail chest injuries with severe respiratory insufficiency. In all cases the thoracotomy should be performed after resuscitation of the patient on the day of the accident or within 3 days. Screwless elastic self-clasping rib plates were used in 15 multiply injured patients and in 5 isolated thoracic cases with good results and a low complication rate. The mortality was reduced from 64 per cent to 36 per cent in the patients with multiple injuries. PMID- 7129597 TI - Increased hyaluronic acid is associated with dermal delayed-type hypersensitivity. AB - Rabbits sensitized subcutaneously with heat-killed bacilli Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and challenged intradermally with heat-killed BCG or purified protein derivative (PPD) demonstrated classical dermal delayed-type hypersensitivity which peaked two days postchallenge. Animals challenged with BCG developed dermal granulomas as measured by induration and gross observation. Challenge with either PPD or BCG resulted in increased levels of dermal hyaluronic acid (HA) by two days postchallenge. Dermal HA returned to normal levels by seven days postchallenge regardless of the challenge antigen. These results indicated that increased HA is associated with dermal delayed-type sensitivity, but increased HA is not associated with dermal granulomatous hypersensitivity. These results are in contrast to previously reported work which indicates that increased HA is associated with both pulmonary delayed hypersensitivity and pulmonary granulomatous hypersensitivity. PMID- 7129608 TI - Emergency laparotomy in multiply injured patients. AB - The records of 146 consecutive multiply injured patients treated between 1976 and 1981 have been studied. Thirty-five patients underwent emergency laparotomy and in 24 patients the laparotomy was done 4 or more hours after admission. Eight of the 35 patients of the third group died, in 4 of whom the cause was head injury. The other 4 patients were extremely severely injured (Injury Severity Scores from 66 to 75). In the second group, 6 patients died, 5 from multi-organ failure due to sepsis and 1 patient from hypovolaemic shock. The more aggressive approach--to prevent multi-organ failure--is advised. The laparotomy, if indicated, must be done as an emergency procedure. During the same procedure fractures can be stabilized. In the postoperative period, mechanical ventilation should be instituted. Fresh blood should be given when more than 4000 ml stored blood is transfused, to prevent any tendency to bleed. PMID- 7129610 TI - Principles and practice of fracture treatment in the multiply injured patient. PMID- 7129609 TI - Improved survival of multiply injured patients by early internal fixation and prophylactic mechanical ventilation. PMID- 7129611 TI - Management of vascular injuries of civil strife. AB - Over a 12-year period of civil hostilities in Northern Ireland, the Vascular Unit of the Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, has dealt with a wide variety of vascular injuries inflicted by low- and high-velocity missiles and bomb explosions. 'Knee-cappings' or punishment shootings, accounted for a large proportion of popliteal vessel injuries. In addition to specific vascular injuries a majority of patients suffered damage to other regions of the body. Experience gained in the management of vascular injuries is outlined and surgical methods developed here are also discussed. The surgical approach to injuries of vessels in the neck, abdomen and lower limb receive particular emphasis. PMID- 7129612 TI - Soft-tissue injury and fasciotomy. PMID- 7129613 TI - Fractures of the pelvis and associated intrapelvic injuries. PMID- 7129614 TI - Oxygen-carrying v. non-oxygen-carrying colloidal blood substitutes in shock. PMID- 7129618 TI - Fracture of the radial head and capitulum humeri with rupture of the medial collateral ligament of the elbow. PMID- 7129617 TI - Multiple systems organ failure--a very brief summary. PMID- 7129615 TI - Cardiopulmonary parameters in severe multiple injury. PMID- 7129616 TI - Prognostic signs and mortality in multiply injured patients. PMID- 7129619 TI - Why doctors should intervene. PMID- 7129620 TI - Should ethics be taught in a science course? PMID- 7129621 TI - Social work and the safety net. PMID- 7129622 TI - CPR: the beat goes on. PMID- 7129623 TI - Can a subject consent to a 'Ulysses contract'? PMID- 7129625 TI - Simple living and hard choices. PMID- 7129624 TI - Under cover: the hidden costs of infiltration. PMID- 7129630 TI - Evidence for the secretion of soluble peptidoglycans by clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Four isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from patients with endocarditis and bacteremia were capable of secreting high-molecular-weight soluble peptidoglycans when grown in a minimal cell wall medium containing penicillin G. Vancomycin was not able to substitute for penicillin G in triggering this secretion. Secretion reflected de novo synthesis of soluble peptidoglycan and was strongly dependent on time of incubation (30 to 60 min), and number of bacteria (2 X 10(8) to 5 X 10(8) colony-forming units per ml), but not on penicillin G concentration (10 to 250 micrograms/ml). The incorporation of alanine into the peptidoglycans secreted in vitro by these isolates incubated in the presence of penicillin G under optimal conditions was variable. The least incorporation of alanine into peptidoglycan occurred with an isolate from a patient treated with nafcillin who had no detectable antipeptidoglycan titer. PMID- 7129628 TI - Attachment of cell walls of Chlamydia psittaci to mouse fibroblasts (L cells). AB - (14)C-labeled cell walls of the 6BC strain of Chlamydia psittaci, prepared from intrinsically labeled chlamydial cells by digestion with deoxycholate and trypsin, associated with mouse fibroblasts (L cells) in a manner comparable to that of intact C. psittaci. Almost half of the host cell-associated cell walls were not dissociated by trypsin, suggesting that they had been attached and then ingested. The attachment of cell walls to L cells was inhibited by a number of treatments known to block association of intact C. psittaci with L cells: heating the cell walls for 3 min or reacting them with antiserum against intact C. psittaci, or pretreating the L cells with trypsin or wheat germ agglutinin. Unlike intact cells of C. psittaci, cell walls were not immediately toxic for L cells, and they did not measurably adsorb neutralizing antibody. As revealed by making cell walls from intact C. psittaci labeled with (125)I by lactoperoxidase catalyzed iodination, cell walls contained a much smaller number of surface labeled proteins than did whole chlamydial cells. The most abundant surface labeled protein was one with an apparent molecular weight of 43,000. In the final step of cell wall preparation, tryptic digestion of deoxycholate-extracted cells, this major surface protein was partially cleaved to a 40,000-dalton product. When the major surface protein (both the 43,000- and 40,000-dalton moieties) was electrophoretically separated from the other cell wall proteins and used to immunize a rabbit, antibodies that neutralized the infectivity of intact C. psittaci were elicited. It was concluded that cell walls retain the ability to associate with L cells in much the same way as do intact cells of C. psittaci, but, despite the simpler structure of cell walls, the element that binds C. psittaci to host cells cannot yet be identified. PMID- 7129627 TI - Immune response to lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus: serologically specific rabbit neutralizing antibody to the virus. AB - A rabbit was immunized with large amounts of the lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV) over a 9-month period. The plasma from this rabbit possessed an anti LDV IgG titer of 1:80,000 as measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method and a neutralizing titer of 1:1,000 for the homologous strain of LDV. LDV neutralization at 4 degrees C followed single-hit kinetics. In contrast, mouse anti-LDV IgG in plasma of chronically LDV-infected mice failed to neutralize LDV at 4 degrees C and neutralization at 37 degrees C was slow, biphasic, and inefficient compared with the neutralization caused by rabbit anti LDV IgG, even though high levels of anti-LDV IgG were detectable in mouse plasma by the ELISA method. Rabbit anti-LDV IgG neutralized one heterologous strain of LDV as rapidly as it did the homologous strain, but failed to significantly neutralize five other strains of LDV, all of which were originally isolated from different mouse strains bearing transplantable tumors. The results indicate clear serological differences between LDV strains. Cross-reactions between the strains, however, were observed by ELISA, using the antibody induced during persistent infection of mice with each LDV strain. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) from mice infected for 15 days with the various strains bound equally to our LDV strain. IgG obtained from 2-month-infected mice also cross-reacted, but to a varying extent which partly correlated with the specificity detected by neutralization. Both rabbit and mouse anti-LDV IgG enhanced the infectivity of LDV at a low multiplicity of infection for primary cultures of peritoneal mouse macrophages. PMID- 7129626 TI - Immune response to lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus: isolation of infectious virus-immunoglobulin G complexes and quantitation of specific antiviral immunoglobulin G response in wild-type and nude mice. AB - Lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV) causes a normally benign persistent infection of mice, resulting in a life-long viremia characterized by the presence of circulating infectious immune complexes, impaired clearance of certain enzymes from the blood, and modification of the host immune response to various heterologous antigens. In this study, we isolated infectious immunoglobulin G (IgG)-LDV complexes in the plasma of persistently infected mice by adsorption to and elution from protein A-Sepharose CL-4B. We found that practically all infectious LDV in the plasma of persistently infected mice is complexed to IgG. LDV infectivity in these complexes was partially neutralized, but could be reactivated by treatment with 2-mercaptoethanol. We also quantitated total plasma IgG and anti-LDV IgG in wild-type and nude Swiss and BALB/c mice as a function of the time after infection with LDV by radial immunodiffusion and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Total plasma IgG levels nearly doubled in BALB/c mice during 150 days of infection. IgG levels in uninfected nude mice were only 20% of those in uninfected BALB/c mice, but during infection with LDV increased to approximately those found in uninfected BALB/c mice. Anti-LDV IgG levels were almost as high in nude mice as in normal BALB/c mice. Isoelectric focusing of purified IgG from BALB/c mice showed that LDV infection resulted in the enhanced synthesis of all 16 normal IgG fractions that we could separate by this method, which suggests that LDV infection results in polyclonal activation of IgG-producing lymphocytes. PMID- 7129629 TI - Arousal of mucosal secretory immunoglobulin A antitoxin in rats immunized with Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin. AB - Specific serum and mucosal antitoxin levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in rats immunized with Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT). Immunization by means of a parenteral prime followed by peroral boosts was the only approach that aroused titers of both serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antitoxin and mucosal secretory IgA antitoxin that were increased fourfold or more over control values. Primary parenteral immunization was effective when given either intraperitoneally or subcutaneously with either Freund complete adjuvant or alum as the adjuvant. The magnitude of the nucosal secretory IgA antitoxin response and the degree of protection against challenge with either LT or viable LT-producing organisms were related to the number and dosage of peroral boosts. LT antigenicity, as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, was progressively reduced by toxoiding it with increasing amounts of glutaraldehyde or a carbodiimide; when LT antigenicity was reduced by greater than 50%, the effectiveness of the toxoid in stimulating mucosal antitoxin and providing protection was compromised. Strong protection extended for more than 6 weeks only in rats immunized with a sufficient peroral dosage of LT to arouse mucosal secretory IgA antitoxin titers at least fourfold greater than those of controls. These observations indicate that the ability of LT to stimulate a mucosal secretory IgA antitoxin response is dependent on the antigenicity, route, and dosage of this immunogen; they suggest that the duration of protection in animals immunized by the peroral route is related to the extent of arousal of mucosal secretory IgA antitoxin. PMID- 7129631 TI - Virulence of avian influenza A viruses for squirrel monkeys. AB - Ten serologically distinct avian influenza A viruses were administered to squirrel monkeys and hamsters to compare their replication and virulence with those of human influenza A virus, A/Udorn/307/72 (H3N2). In squirrel monkeys, the 10 avian influenza A viruses exhibited a spectrum of replication and virulence. The levels of virus replication and clinical response were closely correlated. Two viruses, A/Mallard/NY/6874/78 (H3N2) and A/Pintail/Alb/121/79 (H7N8), resembled the human virus in their level and duration of replication and in their virulence. At the other end of the spectrum, five avian viruses were restricted by 100- to 10,000-fold in replication in the upper and lower respiratory tract and were clearly attenuated compared with the human influenza virus. In hamsters, the 10 viruses exhibited a spectrum of replication in the nasal turbinates, ranging from viruses that replicated as efficiently as the human virus to those that were 8,000- fold restricted. Since several avian viruses were closely related serologically to human influenza viruses, studies were done to confirm the avian nature of these isolates. Each of the avian viruses plaqued efficiently at 42 degrees C, a restrictive temperature for replication of human influenza A viruses. Avian strains that had replicated either very efficiently or very poorly in squirrel monkeys still grew to high titer in the intestinal tracts of ducks, a tropism characteristic of avian, but not mammalian, influenza viruses. These observations indicate that some avian influenza A viruses grow well and cause disease in a primate host, whereas other avian viruses are very restricted in this host. These findings also provide a basis for determining the gene or genes involved in the restriction of replication that is observed with the attenuated avian viruses. Application of such information may allow the preparation of reassortant viruses derived from a virulent human influenza virus and an attenuated avian virus for possible use in a live attenuated vaccine for prevention of influenza in humans. PMID- 7129632 TI - Age resistance in bovine babesiosis: role of blood factors in resistance to Babesia bovis. AB - In vitro cultivation of Babesia bovis in erythrocyte cultures demonstrated that blood from young animals contains a factor(s) responsible for their resistance to severe babesiosis. This factor is independent of antibody, is present in the serum of all young animals tested, and is dialyzable. The presence of this factor results in inhibition of parasite multiplication and the eventual death of the parasite while inside the erythrocyte. PMID- 7129635 TI - Isolation and characterization of coaggregation-defective mutants of Actinomyces viscosus, Actinomyces naeslundii, and Streptococcus sanguis. AB - Spontaneously occurring coaggregation-defective (COG-) mutants of oral actinomycetes and streptococci were isolated and used to study interactions between cells of these two kinds of bacteria. COG- mutants of each kind of bacteria were isolated by a simple enrichment scheme. Parent strains were mixed with a coaggregating partner strain, coaggregated cells were removed by low-speed centrifugation, and non-coaggregated cells were recycled by the addition of more partner strain cells. COG- mutants constituted up to 10% of the parent strain cell type in the final enriched cell suspension. Unlike their respective parent strains, COG- mutants of Actinomyces viscosus T14V and Actinomyces naeslundii ATCC 12104, and A. naeslundii I exhibited no lactose-reversible coaggregation with certain oral Streptococcus sanguis strains. However, these COG- mutants were not altered in their coaggregations with another S. sanguis strain, H1, a member of a streptococcal coaggregation group that exhibits only lactose-nonreversible coaggregations with oral actinomycetes. Although all coaggregations between S. sanguis H1 and these actinomycetes appear to be alike, examination of a COG- mutant of S. sanguis H1 revealed that, like its parent, it coaggregated with A. viscosus T14V and its COG- mutants, but unlike its parent, it did not coaggregate with the two A. naeslundii strains or their COG- mutants. Thus, it was concluded that at least two types of surface components are important in mediating coaggregation between S. sanguis H1 and actinomycetes. The COG- mutant of S. sanguis allowed detection of these components, which were indistinguishable in previous studies. PMID- 7129633 TI - Interaction of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae with the porcine respiratory epithelium as observed by electron microscopy. AB - An in vivo-passaged strain of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae attained viability titers of 10(6) to 10(8) color-changing units per mg of tissue in pig lungs and caused gross and histological pulmonic lesions. Mycoplasmas were readily located in the lumina of the respiratory tract by electron microscopy. In sections of tissue fixed in glutaraldehyde-osmium, the organisms were found to possess many radial fibrils on the outer surface of the limiting membrane. These fibrils appeared to interconnect adjacent mycoplasmas and to extend between the organism and epithelial cell. Ruthenium red staining demonstrated a thick, dark layer of capsular material enveloping the entire mycoplasma cell. The capsular material was seen to bridge the space between the mycoplasma and host cell. The general morphology of the in vitro-passaged strains grown in broth medium was essentially similar to that of the in vivo-passaged strain. In these organisms, however, no long fibrils were seen, although a fuzzy layer was present outside the cell membrane. The ruthenium red-positive capsule was stained less intensely, and its width was only about one-half that observed for the in vivo-passaged strain. In negatively stained preparations, the cells had an outer fringe of amorphous material apparently corresponding to the fuzzy layer seen in thin sections. The in vitro-passaged strain grew poorly in pig lungs and lost its ability to produce gross pulmonic lesions. The organisms in the respiratory tract had a capsule much thinner than that of the in vivo-passaged strain. PMID- 7129638 TI - Role of temperate phage in determining lytic phage sensitivity and serotype of Vibrio cholerae. AB - The effect of lysogenization with five temperate phages from various sources on serotype and lytic phage sensitivity was investigated in six cultures of Vibrio cholerae of both classical and El Tor biotypes. No changes in serotype or in classical phage sensitivity in the classical biotype were observed. Four of the temperate phages were homoimmune and induced resistance to one of the El Tor typing phages, E3, thereby causing a type change in El Tor strains. The sensitivity to the other phages was not changed. In 14 natural isolates too, E3 (group III) phage resistance correlated with the presence of temperate phage. Postadsorption exclusion was found to be the mechanism of resistance involved. The fifth phage, VcA-1, had a unique immunity profile. It could infect the El Tor biotype of V. cholerae but caused no change in the host properties investigated. PMID- 7129634 TI - Liberation of serotonin from rabbit blood platelets by bacterial cell walls and related compounds. AB - A study was made on the activity of various bacterial cell walls and peptidoglycans to liberate serotonin from rabbit blood platelets. All of the test cell walls or peptidoglycans prepared from 27 strains of 21 bacterial species were shown to cause a marked release of serotonin, regardless of differences in types of peptidoglycan and non-peptidoglycan moieties and in some biological properties. The assay made with the water-soluble "digests" of Staphylococcus epidermidis cell wall peptidoglycans, which were prepared by use of appropriate enzymes, revealed that a polymer of peptidoglycan subunits (a disaccharide stempeptide) was definitely active in the release of serotonin, but a structural unit monomer was inactive. Among a variety of synthetic muramylpeptides and their 6-O-acyl derivatives, only 6-O-(3-hydroxy-2-docosylhexacosanoyl)-N-acetylmuramyl L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl- L-lysyl-D-alanine was found to hold a strong serotonin liberating activity. PMID- 7129636 TI - Phagocytosis and intracellular killing of the contagious equine metritis organism by equine neutrophils in serum. AB - Equine neutrophils were combined with Haemophilus equigenitalis (contagious equine metritis organism; CEMO) or Escherichia coli in low- and high-antibody titer serum to evaluate the neutrophils ability to phagocytize and kill these bacteria. More E. coli than CEMO were phagocytized at each time period. After 120 min in low-antibody-titer serum, 56.3% of the E. coli and 34.3% of the CEMO were phagocytized. A total of 45% of CEMO and 74.9% of E. coli were phagocytized by 120 min when neutrophils were in high-antibody-titer serum. More than 75% of the ingested E. coli and 90% of the ingested CEMO were killed within 210 min of incubation. Fewer E. coli than CEMO were killed at any given time period. Ultrastructural examination showed CEMO to be degraded in the neutrophil. Degradation was the most extensive in neutrophils in high-titer serum. It is suggested that CEMO is a pathogenic extracellular bacterium incapable of prolonged intracellular survival and that it is slower to be phagocytized than a nonpathogenic E. coli. PMID- 7129637 TI - Protective effect of glucan against visceral leishmaniasis in hamsters. AB - The effect of pre- or posttreatment with glucan, a reticuloendothelial stimulant, on the course of Leishmania donovani infection was assessed in highly susceptible hamsters. Intravenous administration of glucan before or after L. donovani infection significantly suppressed proliferation of amastigote-stage parasites in liver and spleen. Glucan-activated peritoneal macrophages in vitro also significantly reduced multiplication of the intracellular parasite. Ultrastructural studies revealed a well-defined hepatic granulomatous response to glucan, with hypertrophic Kupffer cells and reduced numbers of intracellular parasites compared to the control group. In additional studies, groups of hamsters were immunized by intravenous injections of glucan with Formalin-killed promastigote-stage L. donovani cells and challenged 60 days after the last immunizing injection. This treatment regimen significantly prolonged the mean survival time of those hamsters which died after infection, relative to untreated control groups. Hamsters stimulated with the glucan-killed promastigote preparation also exhibited significant reductions in splenic amastigotes on days 10 and 21 postinfection compared with all other control groups, but on day 35, splenic amastigotes did not differ significantly from those of control animals. Our composite observations provide evidence for glucan-enhanced nonspecific resistance of hamsters to visceral leishmaniasis. PMID- 7129639 TI - Production of a fecal mutagen by Bacteroides spp. AB - Forty species of anaerobes were screened for the ability to produce an ether extractable mutagen which is present in the feces of 15 to 20% of individuals in populations at high risk for colon cancer. This mutagen can be produced in vitro by incubating the feces of these individuals anaerobically or by supplementing anaerobic broths with methanol extracts of the feces and incubating them with a dilute fecal inoculum. Of the anaerobes screened, strains of five species of Bacteroides (B. thetaiotaomicron, B. fragilis, B. ovatus, B. uniformis, and Bacteroides group 3452A) were capable of producing five- to eightfold increases in the concentration of mutagen. For in vitro production in broth, all producers required bile and the methanol extract for feces from a person who excretes the mutagen. Mutagen production appeared to be constitutive and occurred during the stationary phase of growth. Cell-free extracts were active and produced mutagen considerably faster than did whole cells. Our observations indicate that the excretion of this mutagen by certain people is dependent on the presence of some precursor of unknown origin. The mutagen-producing species of bacteria are among the most common of the intestinal microflora and were present in mutagen excreters and nonexcreters as well. PMID- 7129640 TI - Effect of C-reactive protein on the complement-mediated stimulated of human neutrophils by Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 3 and 6. AB - C-reactive protein (CRP) has long been known to appear in the sera of individuals with inflammatory processes, but its role in host defense against bacterial infection is unclear. We have recently demonstrated that CRP in the presence of the classical complement pathway markedly enhances the opsonization of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 27 by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (Edwards et al., J. Immunol. 128:2493-2496). In this report we have extended these studies to characterize the role of CRP in the opsonization of other S. pneumoniae serotypes. Two clinically important serotypes, 3 and 6, were tested along with the nonpathogenic rough strain R36a. All strains were found to bind radiolabeled CRP in the presence of calcium and to activate the classical complement pathway in normal human serum. However, the opsonophagocytic response of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to the strains, measured by chemiluminescence, was quite different. In contrast to the marked enhancement by CRP of the chemiluminescent response to serotype 27 in normal human serum, CRP had no effect on the opsonization of serotype 6 or R36a and inhibited opsonization of serotype 3 in normal serum. In serum from a hypogammaglobulinemic patient, CRP enhanced the lowered chemiluminescent response to serotype 3 and 6 organisms but did not restore the response to normal. The greater opsonic effect of CRP on serotype 27 may be related to the ability of CRP to bind to the capsule as well as to the cell wall of this serotype or to differences in the amount of CRP bound to the different strains. PMID- 7129641 TI - Clostridium difficile: the epidemiology and prevention of hospital-acquired infection. PMID- 7129642 TI - Clostridium difficile and cytotoxin in feces of patients with antimicrobial agent associated pseudomembranous colitis. AB - Thirty patients with antimicrobial agent-associated pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) were studied for the presence of Clostridium difficile and its cytotoxin in feces. Either colonoscopy or barium enema radiography was required in three patients for the diagnosis of PMC because of nondiagnostic findings at sigmoidoscopy. Both the organism and cytotoxin were detected in 27 of the 30 patients; Staphylococcus aureus was excluded as the cause of PMC in two of the remaining patients. Eighteen of 19 patients with C. difficile-induced PMC who were treated with oral vancomycin had a salutary response; seven patients, however, had a relapse of colitis following the discontinuation of vancomycin. In general, relapses of colitis responded to retreatment with vancomycin. The implication of C. difficile as a cause of diarrhea is best achieved by the demonstration of colonic mucosal plaques or of a pseudomembrane. The value of fecal culture for C. difficile and cytotoxin assay is limited by the existence of asymptomatic carriers. PMID- 7129644 TI - Concentrations of amphotericin B in faeces and blood of healthy volunteers after the oral administration of various doses. AB - We have investigated which dose of amphotericin B can be regarded as an optimal oral dose for the prophylaxis of colonization of the digestive tract by Candida species. Ten human volunteers were given different doses; each dose was administered for five days. The results of this study revealed that although oral doses of 0.5 g amphotericin B per day resulted in sufficient concentrations in 70% of the faecal samples obtained during application, higher doses (1.5 or 2 g per day) were required to obtain detectable amphotericin B activity in 95% and 100% of the samples, respectively. A daily dose of 1.0 g is recommended. We have taken into consideration the variation in amphotericin B concentrations among individuals following this recommended dose. PMID- 7129646 TI - Ten-fold overdose of cefoxitin in a newborn. PMID- 7129643 TI - [A comparison of cinoxacin and nalidixic acid in the treatment of chronic urinary tract infections]. AB - A total of 60 patients with chronic urinary tract infections were included in this comparative study. 29 patients received cinoxacin and 31 nalidixic acid for a period of ten days. There were five therapy failures in the cinoxacin group and nine in the nalidixic acid group. Drug-related side-effects were reported by 11 patients in the cinoxacin group and by 13 patients in the nalidixic acid group. Gastrointestinal and central nervous disturbances were the adverse reactions which occurred most frequently. In all cases side-effects disappeared quickly after therapy was discontinued. PMID- 7129647 TI - Occupational injuries: factors associated with frequency and severity. AB - In recent years, energy exchange has come to be accepted as the causative agent in accidental injuries. This paper focuses on two fundamental characteristics of accidental workplace injuries, their frequency, and their severity. I propose that the frequency of injuries is determined largely by the nature of the interactions between workers and production processes, while the severity of the occurring injuries will be more strongly affected by the maximum possible harm the production process can cause. Other aspects of the design of the production process may also affect the severity of injuries. Using aggregate national data for manufacturing industries in the US for 1972, the rate of injuries per 100 employees per year and the average number of lost work days per injury (a common measure of severity) were regressed against a number of econometric variables. Eighty percent of the variation in injury frequency rates among 61 industries was explained by seven variables. Among them were the rate of new hires, the productivity of energy and of labor, the average hourly wage, and the percentage of the workforce that was unionized. Four variables explained 69% of the variation in the severity of injuries among industries. Nearly half of this effect was caused by just one variable, the amount of energy consumed per worker. These results provide tentative confirmation for the models of injury frequency and severity that were proposed, and suggest the need for another study using less aggregated data. PMID- 7129645 TI - The incidence of Chlamydia psittaci antibodies in patients with respiratory tract diseases. PMID- 7129648 TI - Neurotoxicity of petroleum benzine compared with n-hexane. AB - Petroleum benzine is one of the mixtures of organic solvents containing n-hexane. The occurrence of polyneuropathy in the workers using petroleum benzines is attributed mainly to n-hexane, though other hydrocarbons present are also suspected of having some neurotoxicity or some potential which could modify the neurotoxicity of n-hexane. The present experiment was performed in order to clarify the toxicity of petroleum benzine to the peripheral nerve and compare it with that of n-hexane. Forty rats were randomly divided into five groups. The groups were exposed to 200 ppm n-hexane, 500 ppm n-hexane, and petroleum benzine vapor containing 200 ppm n-hexane or 500 ppm n-hexane, together with aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons for 12 h a day for 24 weeks. The body weight, motor nerve conduction velocity, motor distal latency, and mixed nerve conduction velocities were measured before exposure and every 4 weeks of exposure. A rat from each exposed group was histopathologically examined after 24 weeks' exposure. The function of the peripheral nerve was conspicuously impaired by 500 ppm n-hexane, slightly impaired by 200 ppm n-hexane and petroleum benzine containing 500 ppm n-hexane, and even less impaired by petroleum benzine containing 200 ppm n-hexane. Degenerations of the myelin sheaths and axons were demonstrated in all exposed groups upon examination of the revealed tail nerves. Thus, the experiment revealed that petroleum benzine could impair the peripheral nerves, while some components of petroleum benzine were considered to inhibit the neurotoxicity of n-hexane. PMID- 7129649 TI - [Assessment of physical and psychological strain during the climbing up of high broadcasting masts using physiological parameters]. AB - Heart rate, breathing rate, electromyogram, skin resistance and skin temperature were measured when 11 experienced technicians climbed up a mast of 135 m height by means of a digital memory system, a new method for recording demand profiles. To separate physical and psychological strain the same parameters were measured in a laboratory simulating the physical strain with a bicycle ergometer. It could be shown, using non-parametric statistical methods, that the short-time physical strain seems to be superimposed by an emotional component. PMID- 7129650 TI - [Ergonomic strain measurement in text processing]. AB - Text processing task demands are analysed by using an Ergonomic Job Description Questionnaire. The tasks are classified by cluster analysis. Tasks out of each cluster are examined with respect to performance and physiological strain by 8-h measurements. These reactions are assessed in terms of tolerance limits and the distribution of demands is discussed for non-tolerable work conditions. PMID- 7129651 TI - [Catecholamines, Cardiocirculatory, and Metabolic Response During Graduated and Continuously Increasing Exercise]. AB - Adrenaline, noradrenaline, glucose, glycerol and the free fatty acids (FFA) in the blood, as well as the heart rate and oxygen intake, were tested in six healthy male volunteers (age: 28 +/- 6 years) during graduated (I) and continuously (II) increasing bicycle ergometric exercise (upright body position). The maximum heart rate, the VO2 max, the maximum lactate and FFA concentration show no significant difference, whereas adrenaline, noradrenaline and the glucose levels are significantly lower, and the glycerol concentration is slightly higher during the maximum test II as compared with test I. At some submaximum exercise levels, the lactate concentration and the heart rate are slightly lower, adrenaline and noradrenaline are significantly lower during test II; the FFA, glycerol and the oxygen intake do not show any significant difference. The duration of exercise was similar in both tests. The total work was about 50% lower in test II, and the maximum performance was slightly higher as compared with test I. These results could have significance for the planning of working conditions, the rehabilitation of patients, and the organisation of training for athletes. PMID- 7129652 TI - Occupational mercury exposure and its consequences for behaviour. AB - Mercury is a known neurotoxin. Evidence from animal studies show behavioural impairment which can be long-lasting, after low-level exposure to mercury. Human research, however, has not been conclusive. Chronic, high-level mercury exposure such as occurred in Japan, and the Middle East, Causes long-lasting and profound neurological damage. However the effects of low-level exposure, such as occurs in occupational exposure, are far from clear. This study used a comprehensive test battery based on an information processing framework to compare a group of twelve chronically mercury-exposed workers with a matched control group. The mercury exposed group showed poorer psychomotor co-ordination and premature fatigue, although simple motor responses were not affected. General arousal levels also remained unaffected but mercury-exposed workers were superior in sustaining attention. In spite of this, the mercury-exposed group showed clear deficits in short-term memory. PMID- 7129655 TI - Problems with anesthetic and respiratory therapy equipment. PMID- 7129654 TI - Long-term average suspended particulate concentrations in smokers' homes. AB - Suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentrations were measured in about 100 homes in the city of Arnhem, The Netherlands. Most homes were sampled for 2 months continuously. Monthly average SPM concentrations ranged from 20-570 micrograms/m3. From 26 houses, smoking data were gathered at a later date. A clear relationship was found between SPM concentrations and number of smokers in the home. PMID- 7129653 TI - Increase in the amount of erythrocyte delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase in workers with moderate lead exposure. AB - The amount of ALA-D in human erythrocytes was determined directly by radioimmunoassay or calculated from the restored activity assayed in the presence of zinc and dithiothreitol, and a good correlation was observed between the RIA based and the restored activity-based amounts. The RIA-based amount of ALA-D in the blood of 10 normal individuals (blood lead levels of 5.6 +/- 2.3 micrograms/ml: mean +/- SD) and 19 lead-exposed workers (blood lead levels of 41.2 +/- 10.2 micrograms/100 ml) was 54.1 +/- 11.8 microgram/ml blood and 92.3 +/ 20.6 micrograms/ml blood, respectively, indicating an apparent increase of the enzyme amount in lead-exposed workers. A significant increase in the amount of erythrocyte ALA-D calculated from the restored activity in lead-exposed workers was observed even in the low blood lead level of 10-20 microgram/100 ml, resulting in the range of blood lead level 20-40 microgram/100 ml. No significant difference was observed in hematocrit and hemoglobin content between lead-exposed and non-exposed groups. These observations suggested that the increase of erythrocyte ALA-D in lead exposure was not due to anemia, which might result in the increase of young erythrocytes in peripheral blood. This increase in the amount of ALA-D in human erythrocytes might be a result of the function to overcome the inhibition of the enzyme in bone marrow cells during lead exposure, and these findings may throw light on the danger to human health of low-level lead toxicity. PMID- 7129656 TI - Oxygen concentrators. PMID- 7129657 TI - Problems with humidifiers. PMID- 7129658 TI - Induction of an allergic air-pouch inflammation in rats. AB - An allergic air pouch inflammation was induced on the dorsum of rats using azobenzenearsonate-conjugated acetyl bovine serum albumin as an antigen. Rats were immunized by intradermal injection with 5 mg of the antigen in 0.5 ml Freund's complete adjuvant saline (1:1) emulsion. 9 days after the immunization 8 ml of air was injected subcutaneously on the dorsum, and 24 h later 4 ml of 2% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution containing 2 mg of the antigen was injected into the preformed air pouch to provoke the allergic inflammation. In addition to the histological observations of the inflammatory tissues of the pouch wall, time course studies on the volume of the inflammatory pouch fluid, on the number and species of inflammatory cells in the pouch fluid and on the wet weight of granulation tissues were carried out to characterize the nature of the inflammatory reaction, which was shown to be suitable as a model to perform quantitative measurements and biochemical analyses of the allergic inflammation. PMID- 7129659 TI - Plasma carboxypeptidase activity and intolerance to acetylsalicylic acid unimpaired CP-N activity in ASA-intolerant individuals. AB - Carboxypeptidase N (EC 3.4.17.3, arginine carboxypeptidase, kininase, anaphylatoxin inactivator) activity was determined in human sera with the method of Erdos by differential spectrometry at 254 nm and 37 degrees C, using hippuryl L-argininic acid (HLAa) as a substrate. Day-to-day imprecision (CV) of the assay was 6.5%. The reference value, as determined in 15 healthy blood donors, was 3,082 +/- 432 IU/1. The mean value in a pool of sera from 12 healthy pregnant women, 4,500 +/- 294 IU/1, was higher in accordance with earlier findings by Erdos et al. Sera from 53 patients with chronic asthma or chronic urticaria, without known acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) intolerance, gave the mean value of 3,583 +/- 768 IU/1, and those from 17 patients with chronic asthma or chronic urticaria and ASA intolerance 3,379 +/- 575 IU/1. Thus, the carboxypeptidase-N activity in the blood of ASA-intolerant asthmatics and urticaria patients was unimpaired. A 16-year-old boy with asthma and without ASA intolerance showed an unusually low value of 2,056 IU/1. PMID- 7129660 TI - Isolation and characterization of the allergen Dpt 12 from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus by chromatofocusing. AB - The allergen Dpt 12, from the house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, was isolated from spent growth medium by chromatofocusing. The allergen was isolated in the pI range 5.86-6.95, indicating heterogeneity with regard to pI. However, on sodium dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis the allergen appeared homogeneous with an apparent molecular weight of 27,000 daltons. Radioallergosorbent scores utilizing paper discs coupled with Dpt 12 correlated significantly (p less than 0.0005) with those obtained using discs coupled with whole mite extract, although the corresponding titres were higher with Dpt 12 (p less than 0.0005). PMID- 7129661 TI - Subthreshold and suboptimal desensitization of human basophils. II. Nonspecificity and irreversibility of desensitization. AB - Desensitization in human basophils was induced by suboptimal levels of antihuman IgE or antigen under normal calcium buffer conditions. Low doses of anti-IgE triggered only 0-12% histamine release during a 3-hour preincubation, yet initiated up to 100% desensitization upon rechallenge. After 24-27 h preincubation with allergen a, the cells did not regain releasability when rechallenged with either allergen a, allergen b or anti-IgE. Low dose, IgE mediated desensitization in human basophils may lead to an irreversible and nonspecific inhibition of degranulation. PMID- 7129662 TI - CORTES challenges AZTEC electrocardiogram analyses. PMID- 7129663 TI - Diffusional and compartmental models for tracer washout records of Na in dog carotid. AB - This paper re-examines studies of Na kinetics in canine carotid arterial wall previously reported by three groups of investigators. The similarities and differences in experimental and analytical approaches for Na arterial wall washout therein are reviewed. Major conclusions are: (1) A three-compartment model in series is adequate for all short and long (after subtracting the small slow exponential) records. (2) Values for the diffusion coefficient, however, varied markedly among the different groups. (3) A continuous sampling method as opposed to an intermittent one measures better the kinetics of a rapidly exchanging ion as Na+. (4) Models based on individual washout records are better than those based on ensemble averaging. Characterization of sets of results in terms of mean values for comparing parameters provides significant potential for distinguishing quantitative features between control and treated sets despite inadequacies in data sampling or model specifications. PMID- 7129664 TI - Mathematical model of muscular fatigue. I. Metabolite level changes during exercises of different intensities. AB - To quantify muscular fatigue we study by a mathematical modelization the changes of the levels of ATP and various metabolites, and of the oxygen uptake with the intensity of a requested muscular exercise. The proposed model is consistent with the main phenomena experimentally observed during exercises; it allows also one to extrapolate these experimental results to any condition and to simulate exercise-complete and/or incomplete recovery cycles. The lactate kinetics allows one particularly to justify the empirical optimization of rest rhythms during exercises of long duration. Equations are solved using a 4th order Runge-Kutta method; computations are performed on an IRIS 80 CII computer. PMID- 7129667 TI - Advances in computer technology: software, hardware and overall perspectives. PMID- 7129665 TI - An automatic procedure for pre-processing ECG/VCG signals. AB - An automatic procedure for the pre-processing of ECG/VCG signals has been implemented on a HP2100 computer in order to test the significance of a few algorithms for the reduction of low-frequency and high-frequency noises superimposed on the tracings, i.e. baseline-drift evaluation and correction, low pass and high-pass analogue and digital filterings. It is shown that such operations diminish the influence of noise and improve the phase of feature extraction in the processing program for a better measurement of wave amplitudes, durations and intervals. Such aspects are considered fundamental due to the increasing applications of 24-h Holter type recording, microprocessor-based modules both in the cardiological field and in patient monitoring systems, besides taking into account the new design concept of electrocardiographic equipments which, in the future, will become more and more a sort of data acquisition modules. PMID- 7129666 TI - Mathematical analysis of heart signals. AB - The author discusses the problem of the electrical signals of the heart using the method of delayed equations; the accuracy is from 96% to 99%. One may thus assert that these signals are solutions of delayed or linear differential equations with constant coefficients; this is a considerable simplification in comparison with the Hodgkin-Huxley procedure, so that the study of these signals is made easier. Furthermore, every part of the heart includes an autonomous blocking oscillator served by a bad electrical circuit, as may be seen from the study of equations. Such a system is liable to considerable disturbances. The origin of the synchronism may thus be found in the cardiac mechanism because of this state of affairs. PMID- 7129668 TI - Computer simulation of ternary diffusion in distal airways of the human lung. AB - Gaseous diffusion plays a fundamental role in the terminal generations of airways for respiratory physiology. It has been proposed as a prime mechanism underlying stratified inhomogeneity in the alveolar space. Nevertheless, the diffusion phenomenon in the lung has often been studied using Fick's law which is only valid for binary diffusion. Under conditions of more than two gases in a mixture, the appropriate equations for diffusion are those of Stefan. In respiration, diffusion involves at least three gases (O2, CO2 and N2), and in physiological experiments complex mixtures including heavy or light gases (SF6, He) are often added to enhance the effect of diffusion. We present in this paper the features of ternary diffusion and solve the appropriate equations for the non-steady state by a finite difference method. The simulation was performed using two models derived from the anatomical data of Weibel and Hansen-Ampaya. Moreover, four initial conditions most often encountered during current respiratory physiology tests, were used for the computations. Therefore in these four situations, O2-N2 He, O2-N2-Ar, O2-N2-SF6 and O2-N2-CO2 combinations were used. Our results showed that for each case mentioned above the oxygen acted differently in ternary diffusion owing to the specific nature of the components of each mixture. Moreover, the behaviour of each component in ternary diffusion was very different from that of binary diffusion. However, this difference may be negligible when the subject breathed normal air. PMID- 7129669 TI - [A device to assist in rapid communication for patients with acute respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 7129670 TI - Vitamin A levels in human bladder cancer. AB - The following studies were undertaken to determine the levels of serum carotene and vitamin A (retinol) in Egyptian patients with intestinal, urinary, hepatosplenic schistosomiasis, and bladder cancer. These studies have shown that both serum carotene and serum retinol levels are significantly reduced in patients with bladder cancer when compared to controls. These data, when viewed in light of previous animal studies noted, raise the question as to whether vitamin A administration can be beneficial in the prevention and/or treatment of human bladder cancer, particularly that associated with schistosomiasis. PMID- 7129671 TI - The comparative epidemiology of benign breast lumps and breast cancer in Western Australia. AB - Totals of 313 patients with breast cancer and 1,283 patients biopsied for benign breast lumps were found in Western Australia in 1978 through review of all histopathological, hospital and cancer registry records. The incidence of breast cancer rose to 146.9 per 100,000 at age 45-54 years and thereafter increased little. The biopsy rate for benign breast lumps rose more sharply to 420.2 per 100,000 at age 45-54 years and then fell. This pattern was mainly due to benign mammary dysplasia (BMD); fibroadenoma showed an earlier peak biopsy rate (30-34 years) and other (mainly non-neoplastic) benign lumps were biopsied at a relatively constant rate throughout adult life. Rates of breast cancer, BMD and fibroadenoma showed similar relationships to the other descriptive variables studied. The rates of each were higher in single than married women, in residents of the Perth area than residents of other parts of the State and in women employed in professional and related occupations than other employed women. They were lower in migrants from Europe (excluding Great Britain) than native-born Australians and in women of low socio-economic status than women of high status. Not all these differences were statistically significant. Rates of other breast lumps did not generally vary in these ways and were conversely related to country of birth, area of residence and socio-economic status. The parallels in descriptive epidemiology between breast cancer, BMD and fibroadenoma suggest that they may share aetiological factors. PMID- 7129672 TI - Mechanisms of cellular cytotoxicity mediated by effector cells from rats with spontaneous tumors. AB - We have previously shown that effector cells from BD X rats bearing spontaneous tumors display increased cytotoxicity towards syngeneic tumor cells compared to effector cells from untreated rats (Zoller and Matzku, 1980 a). The increased in vitro cytotoxicity of lymphoid cells from tumor-bearing (TB) animals was not T cell mediated and the question was raised, whether it was due solely to increased natural killer (NK) cell activity, or whether humoral factors could also be involved. We now prove that in a long-term assay, the presence of B cells is indeed mainly responsible for increased TB cytotoxicity, since: (1) After depletion of surface immunoglobulin positive cells (s-Ig+), TB cytotoxicity no longer exceeds cytotoxicity of effector cells from untreated rats; (2) Mixtures of s-Ig+ cells from TB animals with Fc-receptor positive (Fc-R+) cells from untreated rats restore the increased TB cytotoxicity; (3) Addition of rabbit Fab' anti rat F(ab')2 reduces TB-effector cell cytoxicity. A minor contribution of the increased TB cytotoxicity by activation/numerical increase of NK cells will be discussed. PMID- 7129674 TI - Demonstration of the tumorigenicity of transformed rat kidney cell-lines by intravenous allotransplantation in the neonate. AB - The tumorigenic potential of allogeneic rat kidney cell-lines transformed in vivo by a carcinogenic dose of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) was investigated by intravenous injection of single cell suspensions into neonatal outbred rats within 24 h of birth. The cell-lines tested included mesenchymal populations obtained from DMN-induced renal mesenchymal tumors (RRMT-2,-8,-9) and transformed mesenchymal (TRKM-5,-7,-8) and epithelial (TRKE-1) cell-lines derived from the kidneys of rats treated only hours previously with the carcinogen. Additionally, spontaneous nephroblastoma-derived embryonal cell-lines (REN-1,-2) were included in the study to extend the potential of the neonatal rat system over a range of differentiation lineages. The transplantation system proved to be a rapid and efficacious assay for demonstrating the malignancy of the mesenchymal and embryonal cell-lines. The major sites for tumor growth were the lungs, heart and eye, but differences in organ predilection were observed for individual cell lines. The transformed epithelial cell-line (TRKE-1) proved refractory to the single intravenous inoculation but was transplantation-positive when a follow-up subcutaneous dose was administered several days later. The resultant growths produced by the diverse differentiation lineages were histologically characteristic for the tumor tissue affiliate of each cell-line. The results demonstrate the utility of this transplantation system for testing the malignant potential of morphologically transformed cells across the allogeneic barrier as well as proving that DMN is capable of inducing malignant transformation in both mesenchymal and epithelial cell types of the rat kidney after a very short period of exposure in vivo. PMID- 7129673 TI - Effect of all-trans retinoic acid on induction, lethality and immunogenicity of murine methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcomas. AB - The effect of 200 micrograms doses of all-trans retinoic acid, given over a long duration (daily for 8 weeks, suspended for 3 weeks, then resumed daily for 4 weeks) or short duration (daily for 30 days), on the induction of fibrosarcomas in C57BL/6J mice by MCA was evaluated. A reduced level of carcinogenesis was observed with both lengths of retinoic acid treatment, since respective incidences of MCA fibrosarcomas were 63 and 61% of those in saline-treated controls. In other studies, the effect of all-trans retinoic acid on syngeneic growth of two experimental fibrosarcomas (B6 25 and B6 27, induced previously in C57BL/6J mice by MCA) was assessed. Retinoic-acid-treated mice were more resistant to higher doses of viable B6 27 (LD50 = 2.85) and especially B6 25 (LD50 = 3.80) than were corresponding saline- or corn-oil-treated controls (LD50 less than 2.0). The strength of resistance conferred by retinoic acid treatment thus varied considerably between these tumors, despite their common strain derivation and histopathological origin. Additional studies explored the effect on B6 27 growth of giving all-trans retinoic acid during either the sensitization or challenge stage of standard syngeneic immunogenicity tests. Mice given all trans retinoic acid during sensitization displayed a markedly increased resistance to challenge with the immunospecific B6 27 tumor (LD50 = 5.30), compared to challenged controls that received saline (LD50 = 2.60) or corn-oil (LD50 = 2.55) during preimmunization. In contrast, when B6 27-preimmunized mice were treated with all-trans retinoic acid after challenge with homologous tumor, resistance to B6 27 (assessed by tumor growth rate and LD50 dose) was not increased but remained comparable to that of saline-or corn-oil-treated controls. While the mechanism(s) by which all-trans retinoic acid inhibits syngeneic growth of MCA tumors is unknown, our results support an immunostimulatory effect, evidenced by tumor resistance in both non-immune and specifically preimmunized syngeneic hosts. PMID- 7129675 TI - Monitoring the effect of anti-cancer drugs on L1210 cells by a mitochondrial probe, rhodamine-123. AB - The cancer chemotherapeutic agents 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (Ara-C), methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil cause a rapid loss of mitochondrial Rh-123 uptake in L1210 cells, which correlates with the loss of clonogenic ability. The loss of Rh-123 uptake is irreversible and occurs prior to Trypan Blue staining. Thus, the antimetabolites, unlike freeze-thawing and detergent treatments, generally cause mitochondrial damage prior to changes in plasma membrane permeability. Since the effect of antimetabolites on Rh-123 uptake is maximal at 24 h, the Rh-123 assay may provide a rapid alternative to the clonogenic assay for monitoring the cytotoxic effects of these drugs. Our results also suggest that the inhibition or impairment of mitochondrial function may be an important step in the cytocidal and/or cytostatic action of anti-cancer drugs. PMID- 7129676 TI - NK-patterned binding expressed by non-NK mouse leukocytes. AB - Previous studies demonstrated that NK-cell-enriched spleen cells bind to sensitive but not to resistant mouse lymphoma targets, measured by a single-cell target binding assay. In the present report we further analyzed this "NK patterned" binding using effector cells with high, low or no NK activity. In agreement with previous results, nylon-wool-passed spleen cells as well as a cloned cytotoxic cell line with NK activity bound tumor targets largely according to their NK sensitivity; NK-sensitive tumors had a higher frequency of binders than the more resistant ones. The correlation coefficient relating the percentage target binding cells (TBC) for each tumor with the ability of the same tumor to inhibit lysis in cold target competition assays was consistently higher than that relating percentage TBC with direct NK lysis. A non-lytic variant of the cloned cytotoxic cell line had a binding pattern identical to that of the lytic line, demonstrating that "NK-patterned" binding occurred in the absence of lysis. Thymocytes, which are totally devoid of NK activity, also bound preferentially NK sensitive targets, and their binding was decreased after trypsin treatment or in the presence of EDTA. Peritoneal macrophages also showed "NK-patterned" binding, thus demonstrating that this was not restricted to cells in the T-cell lineage. Variants from a mouse lymphoma selected for decreased NK sensitivity bound a lower frequency of NK-active (nylon-wool-passed spleen cells) and inactive cells (thymocytes, peritoneal macrophages). This study therefore showed that the membrane property conferring NK-binding selectivity exists on several types of non-NK leukocytes. PMID- 7129677 TI - Cellular ingestion, toxic effects, and lesions observed in human bronchial epithelial tissue and cells cultured with asbestos and glass fibers. PMID- 7129678 TI - Isolation and characterization of retrovirus-like elements from normal human fetuses. AB - Retrovirus-like particles have been isolated from normal fetal human plasma and from different embryonic organs collected from late first-trimester fetuses. The majority of the virus-like particles banded at a density region of of 1.19-1.22 g/ml, although lighter particles having a density of 1.15-1.17 g/ml were observed in some fetal tissues. The particles appeared similar to retroviruses when viewed electron-microscopically. They contained reverse transcriptase (RT) which accepted oligo (dG)-poly(C) in Mn+2 over other synthetic template-primers and transcribed heteropolymeric RNAs primed with oligo (dT). The enzyme was partially (40%) inhibited by the antiserum against RT of feline endogenous virus (RD114) and not at all by the antisera against RT of avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV), spleen necrosis virus (SNV) and gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV). The simultaneous detection test in the presence of actinomycin D revealed that the particles contained high mol. wt. (70 S and 35 S) RNAs. The single-stranded DNA complementary to RNA of the human fetal particle hybridized to DNA obtained from different tissues of human adults, showing that the nucleic acids of the virus like particles were endogenous. The particles could be isolated only from the embryonic organs during differentiation. This suggests that the retroviral gene expression is correlated with embryonic differentiation. These particles could not be induced and as yet infectivity has not been demonstrated, therefore, they are at present described as retroviral elements, not as retroviruses. PMID- 7129679 TI - Armed human monocytes challenged with a sensitizing cancer extract release substances pharmacologically similar to leukotrienes. AB - Human peripheral blood monocytes were highly enriched by adherence to plastic, armed with serum from cancer patients, and challenged separately and simultaneously with the sensitizing and unrelated cancer extracts. The response of the monocytes was to release a factor that inhibited leukocyte adherence (LAI) to glass. The macrophage-like cell line U937 released a similar factor when it was armed and challenged with the sensitizing cancer extract. The production of the factor was blocked by 10(-6) M ETYA and 10(-6) M NDGA but not by 10(-6) M indomethacin. Moreover, a competitive inhibitor of leukotriene function, 10(-6) M FPL 55712, blocked the LAI reaction mediated by the factor. Arylsulfatase destroyed its activity while depletion of the monocytes' cellular glutathione pool with CyH or Et2Mal stopped production of the mediator. Pure leukotrienes (C and D) in a dose-response fashion prevented the adherence of leukocytes to glass; the nonadherence of mononuclear cells was equal to that of polymorphonuclear cells. PGE2, if added to the leukocytes immediately before challenge with LTC or LTD, increased 1,000-fold the leukocytes' sensitivity to the leukotrienes. Paradoxically, if leukocytes were washed and exposed to PGE2 15 min after being challenged with leukotrienes, their normal glass-adherence property and the ability to respond again to LTD were restored. FPL 55712 blocked the effect of LTC and LTD from inhibiting the adherence of leukocytes to glass. The present study shows that human monocytes armed with cytophilic anti-tumor antibody, when challenged with the sensitizing cancer extract, release leukotriene(s) as shown by pharmacologic evidence, implying that monocytes may play an important inflammatory role in human cancer. PMID- 7129680 TI - Correlation between the metastasizing activity of in vitro spontaneously transformed hamster cells and their natural resistance-depressing activity. AB - In our previous experiments in Syrian hamsters the in vivo semiquantitative method of determination of the natural resistance-depressing (NRD) activity of tumor cells was described. It was demonstrated that inactivated cells of different tissue culture cell lines derived from in vivo tumors in contrast to normal, or in vitro spontaneously transformed hamster embryo (STHE) cells, bear the NRD factor. It was suggested that NRD activity of tumor cells might be essential for the development of primary tumors and metastases (Deichman et al., 1979). Therefore, in this study we compared the NRD activity and metastatic activity (MA) of the parental STHE cells never passaged in vivo and STHE in vivo sublines, obtained from subcutaneous tumor nodules and from individual spontaneous lung metastases (LM) after s.c. transplantation of STHE cells. Five LM sublines of STHE strain (out of eight investigated) were NRD active as well as the cells of one of two s.c. tumor nodules. Study of MA, i.e. the relation between the number of cells inoculated retroorbitally in the bloodstream of hamsters and the number of experimental metastases developed in the lungs of inoculated animals, demonstrated that the highest MA was observed with the cells of LM sublines possessing the highest NRD activity. Parental STHE cells did not depress natural anti-tumor resistance and their MA was the lowest. The data presented demonstrate the heterogeneity of the population of constantly cultured in vitro STHE cells in relation to their NRD activity and the selection of NRD active cells during the development of lung metastases. PMID- 7129681 TI - Neoplastic transformation of rabbit cells by murine sarcoma viruses. AB - Neoplastic transformation of rabbit cells by Kirsten murine sarcoma virus (Ki MSV), the Ki-MSV pseudotype of baboon endogenous virus (Ki-MSV[BaEV]) and the Moloney-MSV pseudotype of feline leukemia virus (M-MSV[FeLV]) is reported. Rabbit cells can be readily transformed by Ki-MSV, Ki-MSV(BaEV) and M-MSV(FeLV). Rabbit cells transformed by Ki-MSV and M-MSV(FeLV) were found to be virus producers, whereas those transformed by Ki-MSV(BaEV) were nonproducers (NP). The NP cells were obtained by simply infection rabbit cells with Ki-MSV(BaEV) and subculturing the infected cells. Although the morphologically altered NP cells did not produce infectious virus or murine leukemia virus antigen, they did contain a rescuable MSV genome. All of the transformed cells formed colonies in soft agar, grew to high saturation densities and produced tumors when transplanted into nude mice. The Ki-MSV and M-MSV(FeLV)-transformed cells produced tumors in newborn WH/J rabbits, thus providing an important tool for studying tumor immunity in the rabbit. PMID- 7129682 TI - Environmental and genetic factors determine the level of NK activity of nude mice and affect their suitability as models for experimental metastasis. AB - In these studies we have evaluated the effects of age, genetic background, and housing conditions on the NK-cell activity of nude mice measured in vitro and resistance to tumor metastasis in vivo. BALB/cAnN nude mice exhibited lower levels of NK-cell-mediated cytotoxicity than age-matched N:NIH(S) nude mice maintained under similar housing conditions. The stronger response of N:NIH(S) nude mice was observed also after experimental activation of NK cells by Corynebacterium parvum. Nude mice maintained under barrier conditions have weaker NK-cell activity than mice maintained under conventional conditions. The incidence of experimental pulmonary metastases of allogeneic tumors injected into nude mice was inversely correlated with the levels of NK-cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Thus, 3-week-old BALB/cAnN nude mice raised under barrier conditions were more sensitive to development of experimental metastasis than age matched N:NIH(S) nude mice maintained under barrier conditions or nude mice of either strain maintained under conventional conditions. In both strains, however, the relative differences in metastatic potential among the tumor cell lines observed in syngeneic recipients were maintained. We conclude that young BALB/cAnN nude mice raised under barrier conditions may provide a valuable in vivo model for studying metastasis of neoplasms. PMID- 7129685 TI - Histological correlates of ventricular end-diastolic pressure. PMID- 7129683 TI - Medical writing. Let thy words be few. PMID- 7129684 TI - Cor triatriatum. PMID- 7129686 TI - Initial serum potassium level, early arrhythmias and previous diuretic therapy in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7129687 TI - Changes in ectopic automaticity during exit block. PMID- 7129688 TI - Collapsing coronary stenosis--a Starling resistor. PMID- 7129690 TI - Treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Can it retard atherogenesis? PMID- 7129689 TI - Effect of lipid-lowering therapy on the progression of coronary atherosclerosis assessed by scheduled repetitive coronary arteriography. AB - We studied 42 subjects, each of whom demonstrated significant (greater than or equal to 50%) narrowing of a non-grafted coronary artery and a baseline cholesterol level greater than 250 mg%. All patients underwent repeat scheduled coronary arteriography after 2 years on the study. Twenty-five colestipol responders (cholesterol levels reduced at least 15% within 1 month of therapy) were compared to 17 non-responders who were given 23 months of placebo after a 1 month exposure to colestipol. Baseline risk factors and demographic characteristics were similar for the two groups. In comparison to baseline arteriography, only 3 of the 25 drug-treated patients showed progression, while 8 of 17 placebo treated patients demonstrated progression (P = 0.011). Drug-treated patients demonstrated a 20% decrease in cholesterol levels, while placebo patients did not experience a significant reduction in cholesterol levels. Our study suggests that significant reduction in serum cholesterol levels is associated with a reduced likelihood of progression of coronary atherosclerotic lesions assessed by scheduled repetitive coronary arteriography in hyperlipidemic subjects demonstrating significant coronary artery narrowing on their initial arteriograms. PMID- 7129691 TI - Regional left ventricular ejection fraction from real-time two-dimensional echocardiography. AB - We studied regional left ventricular contraction patterns and ejection fraction from real-time two-dimensional echocardiograms in 8 normal subjects, 11 patients with coronary artery disease and 2 with congestive cardiomyopathy. The ventricle was divided into 12 regions and for each region, we calculated ejection fraction using a method which integrated the incremental volumes of a series of hemicylinders constructed within that region. The data obtained were displayed graphically to provide a detailed picture of regional ventricular function. Normal subjects had a uniform regional ventricular pattern (regional ejection fraction 54-74%). In patients with coronary disease, we found varying degrees of regional ventricular contraction abnormalities. In congestive cardiomyopathy global hypokinesis was present, and regional ejection fraction was reduced in all areas (11-39%). The study showed that two-dimensional echocardiography is a useful non-invasive bedside technique which may provide detailed quantitative information relating to regional left ventricular contraction abnormalities. PMID- 7129692 TI - Quantitative assessment of regional left ventricular function by two-dimensional echocardiography. PMID- 7129693 TI - Problems of relevance in the application of laboratory data to clinical situations. PMID- 7129694 TI - A non-statistical dissertation about hypnotizability scales and clinical goals: comparison with individualized induction and deepening procedures. PMID- 7129695 TI - Hypnosis and hypnotizability scales: a reply. PMID- 7129696 TI - Hypnotic susceptibility and implications for measurement. PMID- 7129698 TI - Effects of cigarette smoking on measures of arousal, response suppression, and excitation/inhibition balance. PMID- 7129697 TI - Measuring hypnotizability in psychotic patients. PMID- 7129699 TI - Alcohol-induced euphoria: alcoholics compared to nonalcoholics. AB - The affective responses of 24 alcoholics and 21 nonalcoholics were compared in a 2-hour free-drinking situation. At baseline the alcoholics were more dysphoric. During the drinking, the alcoholics reported no relief from the dysphoria but reported and displayed increases in positive mood. The magnitude of the positive affective response to alcohol was comparable in the two groups judged by most scales. The data offer little support for the hypothesis that alcoholics achieve a special euphoria from alcohol. Methodological problems in assessing alcohol induced mood changes are reviewed. PMID- 7129700 TI - The relationship between the degree of professed religious belief and use of drugs. PMID- 7129701 TI - Bartenders: an untapped resource for the prevention of alcohol abuse? AB - The study is based on standardized interviews with 64 male and female bartenders in 43 bars. Findings indicate that regardless of sex, bartenders are sensitive to their own and their customers' drinking patterns and behavior, and are reliable reporters of the phenomenon. They are sensitive to the causes of problem drinking. Despite bar policies they can and do exercise considerable discretion in dealing with customer behavior associated with problem drinking. They do intervene to prevent drunk driving. A majority are positive about taking courses in alcohol education with the aim of assisting their customers. Bartenders, then, are prime candidates for assisting in the large societal task of reducing the harmful consequences of alcohol abuse. PMID- 7129703 TI - Toward indirect cognitive confrontation with alcohol abusers. PMID- 7129702 TI - Drinking in taverns: a 15-year comparison. PMID- 7129704 TI - Some effects of maternal drug addiction on the neonate. AB - The effect of in utero exposure to drugs of abuse on certain neurological and behavioral characteristics of the newborn was studied in 10 infants of drug dependent mothers. Fourteen newborns of mothers not receiving drugs served as matched controls. Infants exposed to drugs of abuse during fetal life exhibited a high level of arousal and irritability, and extreme muscle tone fluctuations- i.e., a predominant hypertonicity (rigidity) alternating with short periods of a very low tone (flaccidity). These newborns were also highly active, tremulous, and motorically immature, and displayed near-constant crying and disturbed sleep patterns. However, their orientation to external stimuli and the findings on neurological examination were similar to those of control neonates. PMID- 7129705 TI - Treatment of drug and alcohol abuse in spinal cord injury veterans. AB - An innovative program has been developed at the VAMC in Long Beach, California, for the treatment of spinal cord injured veterans who are also drug or alcohol dependent. The program employs a multimodal therapeutic community model in which patients progress through successive phases, each involving increasing responsibilities and privileges. This presentation deals with the design and results of a research instrument created for the evaluation of the Drug Dependence Treatment Program (DDTP). The instrument is a posttreatment, parameter study of the multidisciplinary program. The questions asked of former patients of the DDTP were designed to investigate intrapersonal and interpersonal integration, both directly and discreetly. Questions were asked regarding arrests, length of time at domicile, hospital admissions, and use of drugs or alcohol--specifically, present use of the substance misused at the time of admission to treatment. Life-style stability or change was investigated and confirmed with collateral support, as evidenced by comparing information drawn from the 3-month period prior to admission to the treatment program with the 3 month period immediately preceding administration of the instrument. Results from the preliminary data support substantial gain in individual patient psychological and social integration. It is significant that 56% of former patients were not using treatment admission drugs. PMID- 7129706 TI - Synthetic-dynamic theory of drug abuse: a revisit with empirical data. AB - A revised version of the synthetic-dynamic theory of drug abuse is presented. A partial test of the validity of the theory is implemented through a drug survey taken in November 1979 involving 14,594 students in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. Utilizing multiple regression analysis, 50.08% (R = .708) of the total variation in student drug involvement is explained by four components operating jointly. An examination of individual standardized regression coefficients indicates that the drug attitude component accounts for the largest change in the dependent variable, followed by the environmental, the socialization, and (responsible for the least change) the personal discontent components. On the basis of these findings, the implications for future drug education models and prevention policies are examined. PMID- 7129708 TI - Retention rates among New York City methadone patients: a response to Bayer and Koenigsberg. PMID- 7129709 TI - Group therapy, individual therapy, or both? PMID- 7129710 TI - Toward a theory of peer relationships, II: On the stages of social development and their relationship to group psychotherapy. PMID- 7129707 TI - Heroin abuse indicators: a modest reinterpretation. PMID- 7129712 TI - Spontaneous nonverbal intervention in group therapy. PMID- 7129713 TI - Group psychotherapy with Hispanic patients: the psychodynamics of idealization. PMID- 7129714 TI - The Hispanic female adolescent: a group therapy model. PMID- 7129716 TI - Interactional group therapy with the adult children of alcoholics. PMID- 7129715 TI - A leaderless couples group postmortem. PMID- 7129711 TI - A study of group pretraining for group psychotherapy. PMID- 7129717 TI - Relationship of the suppression of macrophage mediated tumor cytotoxicity in conjunction with secretion of prostaglandin from the macrophages of breast cancer patients. AB - Peripheral blood monocyte derived macrophages obtained from breast cancer patients are non-cytotoxic towards human tumor cells. However, when indomethacin, a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, was added to the macrophage tumor cell incubation mixture, the breast cancer patient's macrophages became capable of killing the tumor cells. Furthermore, the macrophage preparations obtained from breast cancer patients demonstrated a 64% increase in the secretion of PGE2, when compared with macrophages obtained from normal donors. It is already known that prostaglandin can inhibit both natural lymphocyte cytotoxicity and antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against human tumor cells in vitro. These results indicate that increased synthesis of prostaglandin can also inhibit macrophage mediated cytotoxicity. Therefore, it is possible that manipulation of this mechanism might enhance the effectiveness of the macrophage response and should be a consideration in assessing macrophage-tumor cell interaction in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 7129718 TI - Biological activity of hormonally active and non-active androgen derivatives. AB - Androgen derivatives appeared to have different biological activities in vivo and in vitro. Testosterone-17-isobutyrate given in three doses of 50 or 200 microgram increased significantly the weight of seminal vesicles and reduced thymus weight in castrated males, whereas testosterone-17-hemisuccinate, testosterone-D-beta glucoside and testosterone-3-(O-carboxymethyl)-oxime had no such effects. Similarly, ten 1-mg doses of testosterone-17-isobutyrate, unlike testosterone-17 hemisuccinate, resulted in a marked reduction of thymus weight in non-castrated males and in a significant inhibitory effect on the activity of spermatogenesis. On the other hand, all three androgen derivatives, which had appeared inactive in vivo, had similar effects in vitro (as had active testosterone) as demonstrated by inhibition of Concanavalin A-induced lymphocyte activation expressed by 14C thymidine incorporation and inhibition of cell agglutination. These results seem to suggest that as for the regulation of androgen-dependent organs and functions (such as the size of seminal vesicles, activity of spermatogenesis, thymus size), hormonally active androgens are also involved in certain immunosuppressive effects in vivo. On the other hand, in vitro immunological effects are produced by both hormonally active and non-active androgen derivatives as well as by other steroid hormones, the common denominator being the steroid structure. PMID- 7129719 TI - A mechanism of the augmentation of antibody response in vitro by 2 mercaptoethanol: facilitation of cystine uptake in murine lymphocytes. AB - The mechanism of augmentation of antibody response in vitro by 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) was investigated. By employing cystine-free RPMI-1640 medium, it was demonstrated that cystine was absolutely required for eliciting the in vitro antibody response in murine lymphocytes. The augmentation by 2-ME was completely dependent on the presence of cystine. Maximal response was reached when cysteine or cystine (as half cystine) was added at 2.5 mM where 2-ME did not further enhanced the response. The serial feeding of cysteine, but not of cystine, amplified its potentiating activity at lower concentrations (less than or equal to 1 mM). The addition of 10(-5) M 2-ME to cystine shifted the dose-response curve to lower concentrations by about one order of magnitude. It was found that 35S-cystine was incorporated into lymphocytes one fifth more slowly than 35S cysteine. Cystine uptake was accelerated by about 2.5-fold in the presence of 10( 5) M 2-ME. These data suggest that one of the roles of 2-ME in augmenting antibody response in vitro is to facilitate the uptake of cystine which is contained in RPMI-1640 medium and which is utilized less efficiently than cysteine. PMID- 7129720 TI - Effect of elastic energy and myoelectrical potentiation of triceps surae during stretch-shortening cycle exercise. AB - Stretching of an activated muscle prior to its shortening enhances its performance during the concentric contraction. This phenomenon has been interpreted to be primarily due to the utilization of elastic energy stored in the series elastic elements of the muscle during the stretch. However, reflex potential has also been suggested as an additional cause for performance increase. To examine this hypothesis five subjects performed maximal vertical jumps on a force platform from two different starting positions: (a) maximal plantar flexion from a static position (SJ) (pure concentric contraction), (b) a toe-standing position with preliminary counter-movement (CMJ). In this condition the calf muscles were actively stretched before concentric work. In both conditions the knee and hip joints were fixed. The results indicated that the utilization of the stretch-shortening cycle enhanced the performance over that of the pure concentric contraction (P less than 0.001). Similarly, the EMG recording demonstrated that in all five subjects the myoelectrical activity of the calf muscles (mm. gastrocnemius and soleus) was potentiated during the concentric phase in CMJ when compared to SJ (P less than 0.001). Therefore, the increase in performance was attributed to a combination of utilization of elastic energy and myoelectrical potentiation of muscle activation. PMID- 7129721 TI - Left ventricular dimensions following training in young and middle-aged men. AB - To document the effects of endurance training upon left ventricular dimensions, an echocardiographic examination was performed on 11 young (19 +/- 1 years) and 13 middle-aged (40 +/- 3 years) subjects before and after a 20-week endurance training program. The maximal working capacity was increased by 28% and 27% in young and in middle-aged subjects, respectively. Following training, the left ventricular posterior wall and septal thickness in diastole were unchanged both in young (10.1 +/- 0.2 mm and 9.0 +/- 0.2 mm, pre-; 10.1 +/- 0.2 mm and 9.3 +/- 0.3 mm, post-) and in middle-aged subjects (10.0 +/- 0.3 mm and 10.2 +/- 0.3 mm, pre-; 9.7 +/- 0.2 mm and 10.1 +/- 0.2 mm, post-); the left ventricular end diastolic internal diameter was unchanged in middle-aged subjects (47.8 +/- 0.9 mm, pre-; 48.1 +/- 1.0 mm, post-) but was significantly increased in young subjects (47.8 +/- 1.0 mm, pre-; 49.9 +/- 1.0 mm, post-) (P less than 0.05). These data could suggest that the left ventricular adaptation to training decreases with age. However, the decrease in resting heart rate observed in young subjects (68 +/- 3 to 60 +/- 2 beats X min-1) (P less than 0.05) but not in middle-aged subjects (63 +/- 3 and 65 +/- 3 beats X min-1) could also increase diastolic filling time and explain the small left ventricular end-diastolic enlargement found in the young subjects. PMID- 7129723 TI - Effects of pretension on isometric force production. AB - This study was designed to investigate the effect of muscle fiber distribution and pretension at various submaximal contraction levels on the isometric force time curve during knee extension. Thirteen male physical education students volunteered as subjects. They were instructed to react to an auditory and light signal by extending their right knee as quickly and forcefully as possible. The contractions were performed from seven pretension levels ranging from 0% to 70% of maximal voluntary contraction value (MVC). The isometric force-time curves were analyzed for their maximal rate of isometric force production. Preliminary tension was found to have statistically significant, decreasing effects on isometric maximal strength produced from the pretension levels of 20%, 30%, and 40% of MVC and on the rate of isometric force production (RFD). Relatively, the decrease was greater for the RFD than for the maximal strength. The effect of the 20% preliminary tension on the RFD was greater (P less than 0.05) for subjects rich in fast-twitch muscle fibers in their m. vastus lateralis than for subjects rich in slow-twitch fibers. At the other preliminary tension levels, the intergroup differences did not reach the level of statistical significance. PMID- 7129724 TI - Ratings of perceived exertion and heart rates during short-term cycle exercise and their use in a new cycling strength test. AB - Interest in tests of short-term maximal exercise capacity has increased during recent years. The purpose of this investigation was therefore to study how heart rates and ratings of perceived exertion increase during a work test when the subjects only have to exercise at each work load for 0.5 min and to study predictability of maximal performances. A differential test is obtained by using a series of submaximal ratings to estimate the exercise intensity that can be maintained for only 30 s. The validity of the estimated intensity was checked by having the subject exercise at that load. The test time obtained was then used to correct the estimated exercise intensity according to the general function describing the relation between exercise intensity and exercise time for maximal performances. In the validation the test performances were compared to results from (a) common submaximal ergometer test, and (b) a special test measuring dynamic muscular strength. PMID- 7129722 TI - The relationship of serum creatine kinase, fiber type, and isometric exercise. AB - In 11 untrained subjects (mean age = 22.5 yr) serum creatine kinase (CK) was measured before and after two types of knee extension exercise regimens. One regimen consisted of 35 10-s maximal isometric contractions separated by a 20-s rest (10:20). This regimen provided adequate recovery time between trials so that strength loss amounted to only 23.4% over the 35 contractions. The other exercise regimen consisted of the same 35 maximal isometric contractions but separated by 5 s between trials (10:5), resulting in a 54.6% strength loss. Muscle fiber type was also determined to assess the relationship of fiber type with serum CK and strength loss. The fast-twitch (FT)/slow-twitch (ST) area ratio correlated with resting CK. Baseline strength correlated with strength loss over the 10:5 condition but not with strength loss over the 10:20 condition suggesting different mechanisms responsible for strength decline for the two exercise conditions. Although a greater strength loss was found for the 10:5 condition, serum CK levels were significantly higher following the 10:20 exercise. An analysis of covariance showed that the mean strength level over the 35 contractions was significantly related to CK increase in the two exercise conditions. Results suggest that mechanical factors associated with high tension levels may be responsible for CK efflux following isometric exercise. PMID- 7129725 TI - The relationship of forearm flexion isometric strength, endurance, and fiber composition; and the effect of heating. AB - Forearm flexion isometric strength and endurance and fiber composition of the biceps brachii were examined in ten college-age men. The isometric endurance exercise regimens were assessed at room temperature and in a heated water bath at 45 degrees C. On each session four baseline isometric strength trials (MVCs) were measured followed by three isometric endurance bouts with 11 min rest between bouts. Post-heating MVCs were assessed prior to the endurance bouts. Two types of isometric endurance times were measured: holding a weight amounting to (1) 50% of maximal strength (MVC) and (2) 80% MVC. The heat treatment significantly reduced both the baseline MVCs and the 50% and 80% MVC endurance times. Pre- and post heating MVC measures did not correlate significantly with fiber type but did correlate with body weight and biceps girth. In the nonheated condition, endurance times were unrelated to fiber type or body size. However, in the heated condition, both 50% and 80% endurance times correlated negatively with percent fast-twitch fiber area, implying a selective influence of heat on muscle fiber types. PMID- 7129727 TI - Depressed skull fracture in skiing and its experimental study. AB - During the last seven skiing season, 57 patients were treated surgically for head injuries caused by skiing accidents. A typical type of injury was observed, namely the "depressed fracture" in 84% of the cases, accompanied by brain contusions or hematomas. The mechanism of the accidents was analyzed. A depressed fracture is caused by direct local force application, often as the result of high or not properly adjusted speed. Through this impressive observation of depressed fracture with or without brain damage, experimental impact mechanisms of human skull depressed fractures were studied. In the present study, a tolerance threshold of about 1 to 2 kN (can be compared to an impact of about 16 km/h) was observed for a depressed fracture in the temporal region, which often is the area of severe damage in skiing. This clinical and experimental examination should aid in preventing head injuries in skiing accidents because head injuries are mostly the result of depressed fractures, accompanied by brain contusions or hematomas. From these analyses, it can be shown that the wearing of helmets is in fact an effective possibility for the prevention of head accidents in skiing. It should be recommended particularly for children and young people. PMID- 7129726 TI - Hormonal and metabolic consequences of prolonged running at the individual anaerobic threshold. AB - To examine the metabolic and hormonal responses to non-exhaustive steady-state exercise at the individual anaerobic threshold (IAT), 12 male physical education students performed treadmill exercise of 50 min duration. The treadmill speed equaled that at the IAT as assessed in a standardized progressive exercise test (75 +/- 2% of maximal oxygen uptake). Heart rate averaged 177.0 +/- 12.2 min-1 at 15 min and 184.5 +/- 11.5 min-1 at 50 min. After the initial adjustment, arterial lactate stabilized at individually different levels between 2.70 and 6.00 mmol/l without any substantial trend in the individual curves. Arterial glucose was unchanged throughout the test. Glycerol increased continuously to 157% above the preexercise value (P less than 0.001). The FFA blood level was not depressed but rather showed an increasing tendency between 25 and 50 min (P less than 0.05). Between 0 and 25 min, insulin decreased (P less than 0.01), growth hormone increased to 8 times its pre-exercise value (P less than 0.001), and cortisol did not show any significant changes. Between 25 and 50 min, no significant additional changes were detected for these hormones. At 15 min epinephrine and norepinephrine had increased 2.8- and 7-fold above the respective pre-exercise values (P less than 0.001); both catecholamines continued to increase until 50 min (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.01). It is concluded that prolonged exercise at the IAT is associated with a steady-state condition in carbohydrate supply and turnover, as is suggested by the stable blood levels of glucose and lactate. The stably elevated blood level of lactate did not result in depression of the FFA blood level, suggesting unimpaired supply of FFA from extramuscular sources. Exercise at the IAT places a high load on aerobic metabolism without encountering progressive lactate accumulation and the associated metabolic effects. PMID- 7129728 TI - Comparative dermatology. PMID- 7129729 TI - Dermatology in the Philippines. PMID- 7129730 TI - Extraction and clean-up procedures for measuring chlorobenzenes in sediments and fish by capillary gas chromatography. AB - A soxhlet extraction technique for recovering chlorobenzenes from sediments and fish is described. The extract is concentrated by evaporation, cleaned up with florisil (sediments) or a combination of alumina, silica gel, florisil and acidified silica gel (fish) before quantitation by capillary gas chromatography with an electron capture detector. Recoveries for all chlorobenzenes are greater than 80%. Detection limits of the technique are approximately 0.05 ng/g (ppb) for penta- and hexachlorobenzene, approximately 0.2 ppb for the tetrachlorobenzenes, approximately 0.4 ppb for the trichlorobenzenes, approximately 5 ppb for the dichlorobenzenes, and approximately 1500 ppb for monochlorobenzene. PMID- 7129731 TI - A comparative study of chemical and microbiological monitoring of pollutant hydrocarbons in urban aquatic environments. AB - Conventional chemical and microbiological methods-aromatics by UV-fluorescence and the number of oil-degrading microorganisms, respectively-have been used for the monitoring of pollutant hydrocarbons in three different aquatic systems: two rivers, one harbour and three marine coastal areas. An evaluation of the first year data of such study is presented. Relative populations of total heterotrophic microorganisms and those of degrading hydrocarbons correlate satisfactorily with hydrocarbon concentrations in marine areas, where chronic pollution situations occur, whereas unreliable results were obtained in the river systems. The water temperature seems to have a positive influence on the response of microorganisms to oil pollution. PMID- 7129732 TI - Hydrocarbons in the Western Mediterranean Sea, 1981. AB - Hydrocarbons in the western Mediterranean Sea were analysed for surface microlayer and subsurface waters during April 1981. Three methods were used for determining both concentrations and markers distribution patterns: U.V. spectrofluorimetry, and original HPLC/U.V. spectrophotometry method and capillary gas liquid chromatography. No systematic relationship was found between concentrations determined by U.V. spectrofluorimetry and HPLC/U.V. spectrophotometry. Concentrations variation ranges are: 0.01-0.20 microgram 1(-1) for dissolved aromatic hydrocarbons; 0.02-0.13 microgram 1(-1) for particulate aromatic hydrocarbons; 0.02-20.57 micrograms 1(-1) for dissolved n-alkanes; 0.13 0.83 microgram 1(-1) for particulate n-alkanes. Surficial waters appear as very slightly polluted with an exception the Ligurian Sea for which highest concentrations were encountered. There is a slight enrichment of particulate hydrocarbons in the surface microlayer in the range 1-3. But, dissolved hydrocarbons can be either depleted or enriched up to 270 times in the surface microlayer, indicating the extreme efficiency of sea-air exchange processes. Aromatic fingerprints and n-alkane distribution patterns are discussed both for pollution and fractionation processes indicators at the sea-air interface. PMID- 7129733 TI - An evaluation of chromatographic methods for the analysis of polychlorinated terphenyls in environmental samples. AB - Gas chromatography (GC) with packed and capillary columns, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and thin-layer chromatography have been used to characterize various commercially available mixtures of polychlorinated terphenyls (PCTs). Besides, UV absorption and mass spectrometry data have been collected, and the behaviour of PCTs upon perchlorination to the tetradecachloroterphenyls has been studied. Using GC, the PCT content of a number of paper and sewage sludge samples has been determined. The application of perchlorination/GC as method of analysis often yields unreliable, i.e., too high, results compared with the direct GC pattern-comparison method. In the case of paper samples, hydrogenated terphenyls appear to be the principal interfering compounds. PMID- 7129734 TI - Mortality from malignant melanoma in Australia: effects due to country of birth. AB - Mortality from malignant melanoma is much higher among native born Australians than among people born in other countries. For immigrants death rates increase with period of residence in Australia. Our analysis fails to reveal any increased risk associated with fair skin or Celtic origin. Geographic and socio-economic patterns of mortality from melanoma are similar for Australian-born individuals and those born elsewhere. These mortality difference parallel incidence patterns for the disease. Our findings support the theory that sunlight is a major determinant of melanoma and are compatible with the hypothesis that it is initiated by traumatic sunburn. PMID- 7129735 TI - Life time occupation, smoking, caffeine, saccharine, hair dyes and bladder carcinogenesis. AB - A case-control study of bladder cancer in two northern counties of New Jersey was conducted to investigate a tumour that has been considered to be strongly associated with industrial and environmental exposures. The study population included 75 bladder cancer cases and 142 controls. Cases and controls were matched for race, sex, age, place of birth and place of residence. Statistically significant associations with bladder cancer and risk ratios of greater than 2.0 were found for cigarette smoking and for working in dye, petroleum (fuel) or plastics industries. No statistically significant association was found for: cigar and pipe smoking; caffeine, saccharine and alcohol consumption; and life time occupational history of working in other than dye, petroleum and plastics industries. No statistically significant differences between cases and controls were found in family history of cancer. Risk ratios of at least 2.5 (but without statistical significance possibly because of sample size) were found for workers in rodenticide and printing industries, for cable workers and for cancer in the spouses of bladder cancer cases. Simultaneous multiple primary cancer sites were found in 9.3% of the bladder cancer patients; this is higher than the 0.2-8% reported in the medical literature. The life time occupational history of the bladder cancer cases points to industrial determinants: some are known (petroleum and dye industries) but the association with the plastics industry is new. If our findings are confirmed, investigations will be needed to determine whether any specific chemical or combination of chemicals used in the plastics industry is responsible for bladder cancer induction. PMID- 7129736 TI - Cancer incidence following treatment of hyperthyroidism. AB - A retrospective cohort study of women treated for hyperthyroidism at the Mayo Clinic was conducted to evaluate the risk of cancer according to type of therapy. One or more years after the start of treatment, there were 105 cases of cancer observed among 1005 women treated with radioiodine (131I) and 247 cases among 2141 women treated with surgery. No difference was observed between the two study groups for total cancer incidence (RR = 1.0), breast cancer (RR = 0.8), or leukaemia (RR = 0.6). Although based on small numbers of cases, an elevated risk of cancer was observed in organs that concentrate 131I (salivary glands, digestive tract, kidney and bladder) (RR = 1.8). While the findings are suggestive, they indicate the need for larger surveys to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of 131I. PMID- 7129737 TI - Incidence of myocardial infarction among male Finnish immigrants in relation to length of stay in Sweden. AB - In Finland, the incidence of coronary heart disease is reported to be about twice as high as in the neighbouring country of Sweden. The aim of this study was to find out what happens to this excess risk among Finnish immigrants to Sweden. A geographically defined population in Stockholm County was followed up in the in patient care registry and the cause-of-death registry in order to find cases for a case-control study. All episodes of myocardial infarction (ICD numbers 410.00 and 410.99) that had occurred in men born between 1911 and 1935 during the period 1974-76 were recorded. An age-matched control group was randomly selected from the population. By means of the civil registration system it was possible to identify country of birth and length of stay in Sweden. Of the 356 cases, 32 (9%) had been born in Finland compared with 55 (6%) of the 887 controls. The overall relative risk for the Finnish immigrants compared with native Swedes was 1.7. For the group of Finnish immigrants who had been in Sweden for 20 years or more the relative risk was 1.3. It was concluded that since the relative risk decreases during the stay in Sweden the environmental factors dominate the explanation of the difference in the relative risk of developing myocardial infarction between Finland and Sweden. PMID- 7129738 TI - Prevalence and socioeconomic correlates of subfecundity and spontaneous abortion in Denmark. AB - This paper provides an estimate of the prevalence of subfecundity and spontaneous abortion in Denmark, and examines social factors associated with these problems of reproduction. The data of this study were collected by interviewing a stratified random sample of 1.4 women per thousand in Denmark between the ages 25 and 45. The interview generated detailed information on reproductive history and sociodemographic data for 709 women. The survey results indicate that reduced fecundity is a relatively common health problem. The proportion of women that either could not achieve a wanted conception or experienced a delay of one or more years before achieving conception was 0.16 in a first pregnancy and 0.17 in a second or subsequent pregnancy attempt. Four per cent of the women interviewed never produced a desired first child and an additional four per cent reported failure to produce a second or subsequent desired child. Social factors relating to subfecundity and spontaneous abortion were studied using logistic regression. No significant associations were found between the occurrence of subfecundity and family net income, employment status of the 'head of the household', area of residence, type of housing or age at time of interview. Women without a college education were more likely to exhibit primary subfecundity than college-educated women (p less than .05). The rate of spontaneous abortion was not found to be associated with socioeconomic class. A significantly higher rate of abortion was found among women with a history of subfecundity than among women with no such history. PMID- 7129740 TI - The effects of early treatment, lead time and length bias on the mortality experienced by cases detected by screening. AB - This paper describes a means of analysing the effects that the benefit of early treatment, lead time and length-biased sampling (and other forms of prognostic selection bias) have on the mortality rate of cases detected in screening programmes. Both benefit and lead time reduce the mortality rate of screen detected cases. A beneficial effect of early treatment will lead to a decrease in the number of deaths, the numerator of the rate. The amount of person-time among screen-detected cases, the denominator, is increased by early diagnosis as a result of screening (lead-time) as well as by prolongation of life due to early treatment. The numbers of cases experiencing benefit and lead time can be estimated by comparisons of the numbers of deaths and numbers of diagnosed cases between the entire screened population, from which the series of screen-detected cases is drawn, and an otherwise comparable unscreened population. Benefit and lead time, as reflected in these numbers, can be removed from the mortality rate of cases detected by screening. The effects of benefit or lead time on prognosis then can be assessed by comparing the observed mortality rate of screen-detected cases to the rates with benefit or lead time removed. Prognostic selection bias (a tendency of screen-detected cases to be relatively benign or relatively malignant) can be evaluated by comparing the case-mortality rate, with both benefit and lead time removed, to the mortality rate of cases in an unscreened population. The relationships described are illustrated with data from a breast cancer screening programme. PMID- 7129739 TI - Exposure to anaesthetic gases and spontaneous abortion: response bias in a postal questionnaire study. AB - A postal questionnaire study on anaesthetic gas exposure and miscarriage rate was performed among women who worked or had previously worked in a Swedish hospital. Results were evaluated in relation to age, smoking habits, work site at the first trimester of pregnancy and clinical accuracy of the reported data. An important part of the study was the collection of information on pregnancies among non respondents. A higher, although non-significant, miscarriage rate was reported among women who had worked in areas with high exposure during the first trimester compared to unexposed women. A selection was found among the non-respondents with respect to both working site during pregnancy and outcome of pregnancy. All women suffering a miscarriage while working at sites with exposure to anaesthetic gases reported their work site and miscarriage, while one third of all miscarriages occurring to women who were not exposed during pregnancy were not reported in the questionnaire. PMID- 7129741 TI - A comparison of two models for scaling health indicators. AB - The measurement properties of a health status indicator are closely related to the scaling model on which it is based. The Thurstone and Bradley-Terry models are applied to paired comparisons data which had been used to scale the sleep category of the Nottingham Health Profile. The data in their original form are shown to be inadequately represented by either model. Weaknesses in the data are identified and the two scaling models are applied to the amended data. The results of applying two sets of scale values are compared. PMID- 7129742 TI - Simultaneous inference in epidemiological studies. AB - Some difficulties encountered in using and interpreting significance tests in both exploratory and hypothesis testing epidemiological studies are discussed. Special consideration is given to the problems of simultaneous statistical inference--how are inferences to be modified when many significance tests are performed on the same set of data? Although some partial solutions are available, greater emphasis on estimation methods and less use of and reliance on significance testing in epidemiological studies is more appropriate. PMID- 7129743 TI - An empirical study of cluster randomization. AB - Increasing attention has been given recently to the methodological issues associated with randomization of clusters rather than individuals in lifestyle intervention trials. These issues are explored through an empirical study of the 'effective sample size' imposed by randomization of three experimental units frequently considered in epidemiological research: the spouse pair, the general practice, and the large geographic area (county). The measurement of within cluster dependence for a dichotomous outcome variable is also discussed, and a relationship shown between Fleiss's kappa and Cornfield's inflation factor. PMID- 7129744 TI - Teaching concepts of clinical measurement variation to medical students. AB - An exercise in clinical epidemiology was developed for medical students to demonstrate the process and limitations of scientific measurement using models that simulate common clinical experiences. All scales of measurement (nominal, ordinal and interval) were used to illustrate concepts of intra- and interobserver variation, systematic error, recording error, and procedural error. In a laboratory, students a) determined blood pressures on six videotaped subjects, b) graded sugar content of unknown solutions from 0 to 4+ using Clinitest tablets, c) measured papules that simulated PPD reactions, d) measured heart and kidney size on X-rays and, e) described a model skin lesion (melanoma). Traditionally, measurement variation is taught in biostatistics or epidemiology courses using previously collected data. Use of these models enables students to produce their own data using measurements commonly employed by the clinician. The exercise provided material for a meaningful discussion of the implications of measurement error in clinical decision-making. PMID- 7129745 TI - Garlic oil and ischaemic heart disease. PMID- 7129746 TI - Response disinhibition in obese-adolescent females. PMID- 7129747 TI - A longitudinal study of nutrition and growth of infants initially on the upper and lower centile for weight and age. AB - Twenty-four infants, initially either above the 90th centile or below the 10th centile weight for age for sex, were enrolled in an 18-month-longitudinal study. They were all under one year of age at the first survey. On four consecutive occasions, separated by six month intervals, 7-d weighed food intakes were measured together with random duplicate samples of a 24-h food intake. In addition, various anthropometric data were collected at each survey. Although the two groups of children remained different in terms of body size and skinfold measurements throughout the study, there were no differences in energy or protein intakes (per caput or per kg body weight) at any survey. We conclude that factors other than simple food intake are more important in determining the body size of pre-school children and suggest that these factors could include components of energy expenditure. PMID- 7129748 TI - Intravenous lidocaine for the treatment of intractable pain of adiposis dolorosa. AB - Adiposis dolorosa (Dercum's disease) is a syndrome of painful adipose tissue which occurs most often in post-menopausal women and is associated with obesity, asthenia, and emotional disturbances. The etiology is uncertain, but is probably multifactorial. Numerous treatments to relieve the pain have generally been unsuccessful. A patient with adiposis dolorosa was treated with intravenous infusions of lidocaine over a two-year period. Relief from pain lasted from two to 12 months after each infusion. A single-blind placebo infusion did not relieve the pain. Lidocaine infusions did not relieve the pain of diabetic neuropathy or of angina in this patient. The mechanism of relief of pain of adiposis dolorosa by lidocaine is uncertain, but previously reported central effects of lidocaine suggest that alterations in the central nervous system may be responsible. PMID- 7129749 TI - Hypothalamic obesity in the weanling rat: dietary self-selection, actual macro nutrient intake, caloric regulation and response to subsequent low palatability diet. AB - Weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats received bilateral electrolytic lesions in the ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei (VMNL rats); sham-operated rats served as controls. For 28 post-operative d all animals were fed three equicaloric [16.9 kJ/g (4.03 kcal)] diets with different amounts of macronutrients in each (HCD = high-carbohydrate diet, HFD = high-fat diet and HPD = high-protein diet). VMNL rats selected more than controls from HCD (P less than 0.05) and HFD (P less than 0.01) but similar amounts from the HPD. The total intake from all three diets was greater (P less than 0.001) than that of the controls, but in percent of total diet intakes, VMNL selected proportions comparable to the controls. In terms of macronutient intake, VMNL rats ingested more than controls from each (carbohydrate, P less than 0.001; fat, P less than 0.05; protein, P less than 0.01). Again, in percent of total macronutrient intake, they ingested proportions comparable to the controls. Lee Index (P less than 0.001) was greater and body weight gain/kJ (kcal) smaller (P less than 0.001) in VMNL rats than in controls. However, body weight gains were normal. For the following 14 d, one group of VMNL rats and one control group continued to self-select from the three diets while another VMNL and control group received lab chow [14.2 kJ/g (3.39 kcal)]. Analysis of variance showed a lesion effect for the Lee Index (P less than 0.001) and Lee Index gain /kJ(kcal) (P less than 0.01) but body weight gains and caloric intake were normal among the groups, ie the VMNL rats switched to chow decreased their caloric intake to control levels. On sacrifice, white and brown fat percent protein (P less than 0.001 for both), carcass lipid (P less than 0.001) and protein (P less than 0.01) and plasma insulin (P less than 0.001) showed lesion effects, but there were no differences among the groups in plasma glucose, glycerol, total protein and free-fatty acids. Availability of palatable diets immediately following VMN lesion placement in weanling rats will result in hyperphagia that after one month recedes to normophagia, whether the rats are fed palatable or less palatable diets. Availability of a less palatable diet (chow) following presentation of palatable diets will not result in diminished caloric intake, body weight, obesity and hyperinsulinemia. PMID- 7129751 TI - Development of the hypothermia in obese mice (genotype ob/ob). AB - Heavier-obese mice (genotype, ob/ob) displayed their characteristic hypothermia at ambient temperatures and obese mice at all body weights did so after 60 min in the cold (3.0 - 5.5 degrees C). The fall in core temperature was least in slightly obese (3.5 degrees C) and greatest in extremely-obese animals (12.5 degrees C). The fall could be prevented by previous pair feeding with wild-type animals, which limited the body weight by 52 per cent. Limiting the body weight of wild-type mice (23 per cent) was not followed by a change in core temperature. Neither grouping nor floor insulation altered the fall in core temperature of obese or wild-type mice. These results suggest the hypothermia of the mutant to be as much under a physical as a metabolic influence, such as the abnormal body form and consequent inactivity. Heat production in muscle would decrease with the inactivity, contributing to the hypothermia. The normothermia in obese mice of limited body weight could result from their increased (normal) activity, previously demonstrated. PMID- 7129752 TI - Physical working capacity in obese women after an exercise programme for body weight reduction. PMID- 7129750 TI - Changes in adipocyte cellularity in children ten to 18 years of age. AB - Adipocyte size and number, and total body fat were collected serially from boys and girls living in South-western Ohio. Sex-specific annual increments were computed across age for each of these variables. During adolescence, the boys had a near zero mean increment in total body fat, but the girls had a positive mean increment in total body fat. In both the boys and girls, there were negative mean increments in adipocyte size and positive mean increments in adipocyte number. Sex-specific age-to-age correlations are statistically significant for adipocyte number and total body fat but not for adipocyte size. These data indicate that increases in total body fat during adolescence may be due to increases in adipocyte number and that annual increments in adipocyte size may provide little information in regard to changes in total body fat. PMID- 7129753 TI - 'Lipids and lipoproteins during a very-low-calorie diet'. PMID- 7129756 TI - Pigeon egg white lysozyme. Purification, structural and enzymic characterization. AB - Lysozyme from pigeon egg white has been purified by ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The overall yield of the purification procedure is 65%. The specific activity of the enzyme is 15 000 units/mg. The influence of pH and ionic strength on the lytic activity of the protein, as well as its thermal stability, have been studied. The molecular weight, secondary structure estimation, amino acid composition, NH2- and COOH-terminal sequence of the protein are also reported. The pigeon enzyme has been classified as a chicken type lysozyme (lysozyme c) according to the obtained results. PMID- 7129755 TI - Identification of secondary structures in globular proteins--a new algorithm. AB - A new algorithm has been developed for identifying helices, extended structures, and bends from the positions of the alpha-carbon atoms using the virtual bond approach. The parameters used are two virtual bond angles (delta 1 and delta 2), the virtual dihedral angle (theta), and the distance (D) between the terminal alpha-carbon atoms of the tripeptide. The criteria for classification have been worked out by model building as well as from proteins whose complete secondary structures are known. These criteria are as follows: (i) magnitude of theta less than or equal to 60 degrees and (delta 1 + delta 2) less than or equal to 230 degrees for a bend, (ii) for a helix, successive thetas should not differ by more than 30 degrees, and (iii) for an extended structure, the cumulative deviation of the above parameters should not vary by more than 20% from the ideal extended chain. The method developed has been applied successfully to three proteins wherein the coordinates of alpha-carbon atoms alone are known and a complete mapping of the secondary structures has now been obtained. One interesting observation is that the percentage of residues not taking part in helices, extended structures, and bends is very small--of the order of 4%. PMID- 7129754 TI - Statistical molecular model for hydrated peptides. Application to angiotensin II analogs. AB - A statistical molecular model for hydrated peptides is used to stimulate the behaviour of various peptide chains in aqueous solution. The reliability of the model is ascertained by the evolution of the characteristic ratio, Cn, for hydrophobic and hydrophilic polypeptide chains, such as, respectively, poly-Ala and poly-Ser. The comparison of computed and experimental properties related to non radiative energy transfer of angiotensin II analogs, assuming that an ensemble of conformers is a satisfactory representation of the state of these molecules in water, provides further support for the model. PMID- 7129759 TI - Dehydroaspartic acid derivatives. AB - Dipeptides of threo- and erythro-beta-hydroxyaspartic acid were transformed into O-tosyl derivatives, which on base-catalyzed elimination gave aminofumaric acid derivatives. The possible mechanism of this process and the spectroscopic properties of the elimination products are discussed. PMID- 7129758 TI - Conformational changes of bovine plasma albumin prior to the salting-out of protein in concentrated salt solution. AB - By working at very low protein concentration (ca. 0.003%), it is possible to measure tryptophyl fluorescence intensity at 350 nm (F350) of bovine plasma albumin (BPA) as a function of pH under precipitating conditions (acidic concentrated salt solutions). Under such conditions, distinct changes in F350 were seen before the starting of precipitation of BPA and no further changes in F350 over the precipitating pH range. Comparison of pH-profiles monitored by F350 with those by solubility in the presence of various salts at various concentrations indicated that the change of solubility is observed after definite changes in conformation of the protein. PMID- 7129757 TI - Cyclic peptides. XIV. Syntheses of [4-l-leucine]-, [4-D-leucine]-, and [3-L proline, 4-D-leucine]-Cyl-2. AB - Cyl-2 is a phytotoxic cyclic tetrapeptide with the sequence of cyclo(D-Tyr(Me)-L Ile-L-Pip-Aoe-): Aoe, 2-amino-8-oxo-9,10-epoxydecanoic acid. The configuration of Aoe is unknown. Three analogs, cyclo(-D-Try(Me)-L-Ile-L-Pip-L(and D)-Leu-) (1 and 2) and cyclo(-D-Tyr(Me)-L-Ile-L-Pro-D-Leu-) (3), were synthesized and spectroscopic features of these analogs were compared. 1H-N.m.r. spectra of cyclo(D-Tyr(Me)-L-Ile-L-Pip-L-Leu) (1), cyclo(-D-Tyr(Me)-L-Ile-L-Pro-L-Leu-) (4), and Cyl-2 showed a similar pattern. On the other hand, the spectra of analogs 2 and 3 showed a different pattern, the Ile-Pro bond in 3 being in cis conformation. PMID- 7129761 TI - Helsinki congress papers. 32nd International Psychoanalytical Congress, Helsinki, July 1981. PMID- 7129760 TI - Studies on peptides. CXI. Synthesis of chicken gastrin-releasing peptide. AB - The heptacosapeptide amide corresponding to the entire amino acid sequence of chicken gastrin-releasing peptide (cGRP) was synthesized similarly to the synthesis of porcine GRP by assembling six peptide fragments followed by deprotection with 1 M trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-thioanisole in TFA. A new carboxyl-activating reagent, thiazolidine-2-thione, was preferentially adopted for preparation of necessary fragments. The synthetic cGRP, purified by ion exchange chromatography, followed by partition chromatography, was active as the synthetic porcine GRP, when plasma immunoreactive gastrin level was examined in rats. No obvious difference was observed when synthetic and natural cGRP preparations were compared by HPLC, immunochemical property and biological activity in dogs. PMID- 7129762 TI - Varieties of transference in the analysis of an adolescent. AB - Material from four and a half years of five times per week analysis of a 15-year old boy is used to examine a series of transference issues, in particular the distinction between an externalizing and a differentiated transference. The initial year-and-a-half of intense anxiety and resistance to treatment is discussed in relation to this difference and the externalizing transference is viewed both as a resistance and as a step in the formation of integrated self and object representations, leading to a differentiated transference. The distinction is also of value near the end of the analysis when an attempted unilateral termination by the adolescent is conceptualized as a shift from a differentiated to an externalizing transference. PMID- 7129763 TI - On loneliness and the ageing process. AB - In this paper I have focused attention on a particular group of patients who by the very nature of their narcissistic disorder often do not seek help until they are elderly. I have indicated through clinical material the nature of intrapsychic conflicts, a failure to achieve and work through depressive anxieties that interfere with the successful resolution of problems related to mourning; this does not allow for adequate adaptation to ageing and poses problems with regard to the evaluation and prognosis of such patients for psychoanalytic therapy. PMID- 7129764 TI - Dreams and dreaming in relation to trauma in childhood. AB - Mrs C experienced two types of repetitive dream linked with childhood trauma. The first type consisted of primal scene experience expressed in images utilizing typical primary process organization, i.e. condensation, displacement, symbolization and representation in visual or auditory imagery. Associated anxiety was intense but relieved with awakening. The second type of repetitive dream was an experience 'beyond anxiety', 'like being buried in a wave' and was without remembered imagery. The overwhelming anxiety did not dissipate with awakening and only gradually receded over succeeding days. It is hypothesized that these two types of dream are derived from quite different forms of mental organization. The former is linked to typical primary process organization, requiring representational thought, the capacity to manipulate mental images. Condensation, displacement, and symbolization are defining aspects of early forms of representational thought. Piaget has demonstrated that this capacity for manipulation of mental images begins at about 15-24 months. The second type of dream, with imageless terror and diffuse feelings of loss and emptiness, was derived from trauma Mrs C sustained at 2 years of age. It is suggested that this form of dream makes use of sensori-motor organization of mental experience and is similar to phenomena described by Lewin and Isakower. Vignettes from three additional analyses are presented as further examples of dream formation following childhood trauma. Piaget's findings concerning early forms of mental organization are briefly considered. These discoveries are helpful in understanding phenomena derived from early childhood experience. PMID- 7129765 TI - Dreams and dreaming in relation to trauma in childhood. AB - The aim of this paper is to show how some childhood fantasies which were part of the early traumas or of traumatic dreams may continue to dominate the psychic life of the adult and be revealed in the transference neurosis. A trauma is presented as an experience which becomes a prototype not only of that which is most frightening but also of that which is sexually most stimulating and gratifying. It is thus doubly invested in a contradictory way. Extensive clinical material is described to show that many of a woman patient's transference fantasies, produced and recounted during her session, were similar to those which had been part of a childhood traumatic dream. A link is established between these same fantasies and her principal symptoms. In particular it is pointed out that her most disturbing symptom, an inability to have an orgasm, was rooted in the fact that she continued to believe that an orgasm was a trauma, i.e. the most intensely desired yet most terrifying experience in which the anticipated consequences, as depicted symbolically in her dream, were simultaneous ecstasy and castration. The traumatic childhood dream exerted an irresistible fascination on the patient who felt it still controlled her in mysterious and unconscious ways. In essence the dream dramatized unforgettably her relations to her oedipal objects and became the model for what she was repetitively seeking, yet dreading, with later substitutes. It is shown how the dream, which became a remembered trauma, served as a point of fixation upon which her drives were focused and around which her fantasies revolved. PMID- 7129766 TI - The implications of early psychopathology for the analysability of narcissistic personality disorders. AB - This paper explores the influences of early psychopathology on questions of analysability in general and upon the analysability of narcissistic personality disorders in particular. Because various theoretical perspectives influence the meanings attributed to genetic and analytic data and may shape the emergence and unfolding of the data, current definitions of analytic process and analysability are reviewed. Work with two unanalysable narcissistic personality disorders is presented to facilitate an inquiry into the influence of their early psychopathology on their egos' limited capacity to become involved in an analytic process. This inquiry is pursued by exploring these subjects' character organizations, life histories and analytic and therapeutic experiences from four complementary perspectives: First, the relationship of their early life experiences to their ego development is examined with particular emphasis on the integration of their self-representations and the development of their capacity for fantasy, self-observation and creative sublimation. Second, the influence of process versus shock trauma in the genesis of their character pathology is delineated. Third, the development of trust in relationship to a variety of alliances with the analyst is considered in relationship to the assessment of analysability. Fourth, the question of their diagnosis is explored. PMID- 7129768 TI - The origins and development of the Oedipus complex. AB - The universality of the Oedipus complex indicates that the oedipal situation is at the heart of the mental life of man. Usually, one finds oneself with two opposing situations, in reading the psychoanalytic literature published in the French-speaking countries and that of the English-speaking countries. Some people accuse psychoanalysts of 'oedipalization' of the study of the mental life and the behaviour of man. Others, such as the followers of Melanie Klein, consider the problem of relations with internal objects is there from the first year of life and imply a division between good and bad objects, followed by a split that dominates the mental life of man throughout his life. After several anthropological references, I have tried to study how clinical themes permit me to distinguish the approach to the Oedipus complex from the triangulation of object relations, and how the Oedipus complex today appears to find an outlet in the destiny and the vicissitudes of narcissism. PMID- 7129767 TI - Analysability in relation to early psychopathology. AB - Analysability is a highly important subject, both in the treatment of patients and in selecting candidates for analytical training. The assessment of analysability can be studied from two complementary points of view: the dynamic (with the data obtained in the preliminary interviews) and the genetic (with data obtained from early childhood by means of psychoanalytical treatment). The purpose of this study will be to contribute to the study of analysability from the genetic point of view. When one goes deeper into the analysis of a patient there may be doubts as to the limits and possibilities of his analysability. The same occurs with regard to the assessment of the amount of psychic changes made by the patient. The study of analysability related to early psychopathology can help us clear up such problems. Summaries of two psychoanalytical treatments with commentaries are presented: one with understandable limitations in analysis and the other which will be difficult to analyse. In the final considerations, based on the aforementioned clinical examples and on many others, experiences of reasonable initial psychic development are mentioned, and early psychopathological experiences--traumas, deprivations, bad relationships with important objects--which determine analysability or its limitations, obstacles or even impossibility. PMID- 7129769 TI - The formation and shaping of the Oedipus complex: clinical observations and assumptions. AB - Freud maintained that the Oedipus complex as a development landmark could be conceptualized as taking place only at the time of the phallic phase. Freud's theory is that it is the culmination of a very long process whose primary result, in developmental terms, was that the ego now had to act as an organizing and unifying agent of all of one's past, while at the same time adding a new agency of the mind which he called the superego. With the resolution of the Oedipus complex, infantile sexuality would begin to be left behind. Since Freud, there have been a number of developments and controversies related to the Oedipus complex. The confusion which has arisen is that some of us use the insights we have gained about pre-oedipal life as themselves holding the answers to many of the psychopathologies we meet with clinically. My own view is that unless these insights about pre-oedipal life become part of a development framework, culminating in the Oedipus complex and, through its resolution, in the internalization of the superego, then we miss something which is fundamental in our understanding and in our efforts to undo psychopathology. For Freud, the relationship between sexuality and the Oedipus complex was inseparable. The assumption I put forward about the Oedipus complex is that the image of one's own body which has been organized by the end of the phallic-oedipal period determines the form of the oedipal resolution, and remains central to one's later sexual life and psychopathology. If, in our clinical work, we avoid the meaning of genital sexuality and the meaning of the sexual body image, but interpret mainly those aspects of the patient's life which are pre-oedipal (and therefore non incestuous), then we lose the chance of creating the possibility of the patient having an active relationship to his sexual/genital body, and the patient loses the chance of ever feeling himself to be the owner of his own sexuality. PMID- 7129770 TI - Perverse relationships between parts of the self: a clinical illustration. AB - In this paper I have presented clinical material which emphasized the way a narcissistic part of the personality can acquire a disproportionate power by gaining a hold on the healthier parts of the personality, and I have suggested that it does this to the extent that it can persuade these parts to enter into a perverse liaison. An understanding of these liaisons can help the analyst to resist some of the pressure to act out with his patient. I have tried to show that we are dealing here not with a split between good and bad, but with the consequences of a breakdown in splitting and a reassembling of the fragments into a complex mixture under the dominance of an omnipotent narcissistic structure. In order to free the healthy, sane part of the patient we have to understand the whole situation. I believe this includes the propensity of the patient to present himself as the innocent victim. We have to recognize the sense of helplessness, but also those occasions when a collusion develops and the patient gets a perverse gratification from the domination of the narcissistic organization. Insight into the domination may then not be enough, and the collusion has also to be exposed. If this can be achieved, the patient can sometimes come to accept the existence of a part of himself as truly destructive, which he has to learn to live with, which can be contained and modified but which cannot be disowned. PMID- 7129771 TI - Helsinki congress papers. 32nd International Psychoanalytical Congress, Helsinki, July 1981. PMID- 7129773 TI - On ageing and psychopathology: discussion of Dr Norman A. Cohen's paper 'on loneliness and the ageing process'. AB - In an aetiological perspective one has to consider the following in working with the older adult: antecedent psychopathology, situational crises that strain the ego's ability to maintain equilibrium, organic illness which can increase reactive symptoms. Age in and of itself need not preclude psychoanalytic treatment. In my successful work with middle aged and older adults, I have found: the capacity for insight, for therapeutically induced transferences for dreams and the ability to relate these dreams; the capacity for self-observation; the mobilization of motivation to change and also of libidinal and constructive aggressive energies; the institution of a mourning-liberation process. In the treatment situation, the elderly easily distinguish between the facade of interest and genuine caring and involvement on the part of the therapist. Older patients wish to be useful, and to preserve their dignity. Unlike younger patients, they do not fear death. At times they may welcome it as a relief from pain and anguish. The goal of psychoanalytic treatment is to make more of people available to themselves for present and future creative and satisfying life experiences. This can occur in individuals who are middle aged, older aged, or in the younger group of analysands. PMID- 7129774 TI - A case of 'pseudo-narcissistic' psychopathology: a re-examination of the developmental role of the superego. AB - In this paper we have attempted a tentative delineation of particular superego elements which may be involved in the production of 'pseudo-narcissistic' psychopathology, that is to say, a disturbance which superficially appears to be a narcissistic personality disturbance but which is fundamentally based on neurotic conflict. Using a framework of superego constituents and superego functions, aspects from the analysis of a man with profound difficulties in self esteem regulation were examined to highlight his intrasystemic conflict--a conflict of ideals. Some possible explanations were offered, taking into account the persistence of early stages in the development of the superego and of difficulties in the resolution of oedipal conflicts. This work is offered as an example of a way in which the psychoanalytic treatment process can contribute to knowledge of early psychic structure formation and development. PMID- 7129775 TI - Female masturbation in adolescence and the development of the relationship to the body. AB - The significance of the role played by masturbation in the female is examined from a developmental point of view in order to question the assumption, often made, that female masturbation has the same normal significance as masturbation for the male. In order to do so, the difference between attitudes to male and female masturbation is defined as a difference in attitude to the use of the hand for masturbatory activity and is related to the observation that it is that activity that female children give up post-oedipally and again in post-puberty. The unconscious meaning of the hand, as identified with the mother's active handling of the child's body, is examined to show that masturbation is needed by the child to internalize a positive narcissistic cathexis of the body as well as a means of separating from the mother's body. The continued use of the hand during adolescence and adulthood by the girl or woman is then seen as a defensive means of maintaining a positive relationship to her own sexual body once the girl's body has become identified with that of her mother. The failure of this defence when used by the girl as a means to maintain a positive relationship to her own sexual body is seen as leading to the unconsciously determined need to attack her body, as can be observed clinically in those adolescents who physically attack their body. PMID- 7129776 TI - Separation: a clinical problem. AB - The paper deals with problems of separation in clinical practice. Various defences are outlined, such as indulgence in loveless sexuality, overeating, excessive intrusiveness, idealizations and paranoid grievances as means of avoiding separation anxiety. The main part of the paper deals with the avoidance of awareness of separation both in and out of the session in a case of clinical depression. An attempt is made to show how the patient arranges for others in his life, including his analyst, to experience the pain of separation. The patient also contended that his objects and analyst could not cope with separation and used omnipotent defences that the patient was intent on exposing. The aim of the paper is to show how the analyst might deal with this problem in clinical practice. PMID- 7129772 TI - Comments on Dr Norman A. Cohen's paper: 'on loneliness and the ageing process'. AB - Referring to Cohen's account of his patient, it is stressed that the reported data may also warrant understanding the psychodynamics of the case as manifestations of an oedipal conflict. The importance of the break-down of narcissistic defences as a factor of paramount importance to triggering a mid life crisis is fully acknowledged. At the same time it is maintained that narcissistic problems, because of their defensive character, may be correlated to each and every developmental stage. Three short vignettes are given, illustrating this. It is attempted to demonstrate that besides a painstaking analysis of death fantasies, the theme of death in itself transcends 'ordinary' analytic endeavouring, because it does not allow a mastering of the depressive position by reparation. Instead the 'im-mortality of death' permits only a life in actuality and projective identification. PMID- 7129779 TI - On the relation to the self as an object. AB - Perhaps the most important object relationship is that relation that each person has to the self as an object of perception, facilitation, and object presenting. In this paper I examine how a person's idiom of being reflects a form of management, and I discuss how in intrasubjective, subvocal space, the self is objectified in the most ordinary sorts of ways. I discuss how each person is an object of handling within the dream space, and I indicate how intersubjective relations always imply a relation to the self as an object. In my view, each individual transfers elements of that maternal care system that handled them as an object when in infancy and childhood by relocating this parental care system into the person's own way of managing themself as an object. As such, in the clinical situation the psychoanalyst can observe how this particular form of transference (to the self as object) manifests itself and furthermore how some of the patient's responses are legitimately viewed as countertransferences: that is, specific reactions to the transferred parental system. I conclude this paper with a brief discussion of how the psychoanalytic situation is uniquely designed to facilitate this self as object relation in so far as the patient must narrate himself to the analyst, and I focus on how the analyst's object, is internalized by the patient and how this alters his own previously arranged self as object relationship. PMID- 7129777 TI - The relevance of early psychic development to pregnancy and abortion. PMID- 7129778 TI - The trauma of interpretation as history repeating itself. PMID- 7129780 TI - A particular kind of negative therapeutic reaction based on Freud's 'borrowed guilt'. AB - Freud's clinical discovery of the negative therapeutic reaction was one of the fundamental reasons for his proposing the Structural Theory of the mind. Yet he and subsequent writers provided very few clinical examples to clarify the definitional components of this significant finding. Consequently, there have been frequent controversies as to the various meanings, manifestations and dynamics of the negative therapeutic reaction. In this paper there was an attempt to illustrate a particular kind of negative therapeutic reaction, based on Freud's explanatory concept of 'borrowed guilt', as he expounded it in The Ego and The Id. For this purpose, excerpts from an analysis before the manifestation of the negative therapeutic reaction, during, and following its resolution, are presented in this paper. This manner of presentation may provide a basis for defining the phenomenon and understanding its dynamics within the analytic process. Hopefully, this paper illustrated both one of Freud's meanings of the negative therapeutic reaction, as well as confirmed his optimistic prediction that when it is based on 'borrowed guilt', its resolution is amenable to analysis. PMID- 7129781 TI - Shame and its relationship to early narcissistic developments. PMID- 7129782 TI - Early defensive fantasies and the psychoanalytical process. PMID- 7129785 TI - Cry analysis in infants with infectious and congenital disorders of the larynx. AB - Thirty induced pain cries from the same number of infants with infectious or congenital disorders of the larynx (infectious laryngitis, laryngomalacia, paresis of the recurrent nerve and subglottic stricture) have been analyzed by means of sound spectrography. For each cry 21 phonetic features have been evaluated. This cry material was then compared with 120 pain cries from healthy infants. In the pathological group a significant increase could be noted in the occurrence of the following cry attributes: second pause, abnormal melody types (rising, falling-rising, flat and no melody types), instability of the fundamental frequency, bi-phonation, vibrato, half-voiced voice quality, noise concentration, and inspiratory stridor. Furthermore, a significant decrease could be noticed in the occurrence of voiceless cries, falling and rising-falling melody types, and glottal roll. These findings show that such spectrographic features as very high maximum and minimum pitch, bi-phonation, gliding, and abnormal melody type occur more often in cries of infants with central nervous system involvement. Moreover, such parameters as instability of the fundamental frequency and noise concentration as indicators of neurologic disorders need further consideration. Except features of inspiratory stridor, this study revealed no really clear parameters typical of peripheral diseases of the vocal tract. PMID- 7129784 TI - Electron-microscope observations on the tonsillar epithelium in children with recurrent tonsillitis. AB - Twenty tonsils from children aged 3-6 years removed by operation due to recurrent tonsillitis have been examined. Electron-microscope observations of the epithelial layer have shown a lowering of the number and a reduction of the tubulo-vesicular system of the M-cells. The squamous stratified epithelium is predominating; it is keratinized in some places. Lymphocytes in an active phase and vascular activity in the parenchyma of the removed tonsils are very rare to observe; these were seen only in relation with the M-cells. The above-mentioned data may serve to prove Surjan Jr.'s 1980 hypothesis on the key-importance of metaplastic change of the tonsillar epithelium in recurrent tonsillitis pathogenesis. PMID- 7129786 TI - Third branchial cleft sinus: an unusual cause of neck abscess. AB - Sinuses and fistulae of the third branchial cleft or pouch are rarely encountered. We have cared for a child with a history of multiple neck masses and abscesses, in whom the causative factor seems to have been an unrecognized branchial cleft sinus. This case suggests the need for contrast radiography of the hypopharynx in children with recurrent neck abscess, and dramatizes the need to exercise all reasonable diagnostic options before proceeding with surgery of newly presenting neck masses in children. PMID- 7129783 TI - A study of deafness in West Africa. AB - Some 800 profoundly deaf children from 4 Yoruba states in Nigeria were assessed and examined in an attempt to identify the causes of deafness in this part of West Africa. It was found that measles, meningitis and rubella were the three major preventible diseases causing deafness. Genetic abnormalities, in contradistinction to other tropical countries, do not seem to be very important and chronic ear infections show different manifestations in this area to the situation reported in East Africa. The overwhelming problems that face the deaf and any possible extension of services for the deaf are detailed. In view of these it seems that the most cost-effective way of helping the deaf in Nigeria is by immunizing the population against those infectious diseases that cause the disability. This policy would accord with the recent initiatives by the United Nations: the International Year of the Child (I.Y.C.) and the International Year of the Disabled Person (I.Y.D.P.) as well as The Expanded Programme of Immunization (E.P.I.) of the World Health Organization. PMID- 7129787 TI - Evoked response audiometry and tomography - complementary procedures for the assessment of the deaf infant. AB - Evoked response audiometry and tomography of the ear both provide highly objective means of assessing certain types of deafness, but both require a general anaesthetic when used to investigate very young children. The use of evoked response audiometry (in particular electrocochleography and brain stem evoked response audiometry) and tomography as combined procedures using the same general anaesthetic is discussed in relation to 15 patients. Their ages ranged from 1 year 3 months to 16 years. All 15 had electrophysiological abnormalities in one or both ears. Abnormalities of the middle and/or inner ear were demonstrated by tomography in 12 patients and in 3 the tomography was normal. In 10 cases both procedures suggested severe or almost total deafness in one or both ears. The demonstration of an anatomical abnormality can be very important in future management with particular reference to surgical reconstructions and the potential development of cerebrospinal fluid fistula. PMID- 7129788 TI - Limitations of renal function scanning in acute obstruction. AB - This study was designed to determine if technetium-99m penicillamine (TPEN), could be used to predict recoverable function in dogs with acute obstruction. Renal accumulation of TPEN was measured in four control dogs, in four dogs with acute obstruction lasting 7-14 days, and in the same four dogs following a variable recovery period of 15-63 days. The relative renal uptake of TPEN in vivo showed good agreement with the relative uptake in vitro and both measurements correlated closely with the relative inulin clearances in the normal and in the post obstructed kidneys. The uptake of TPEN in the obstructed kidney following 7 14 days of obstruction averaged 6.8% of the total renal uptake. After relief of the obstruction and a variable recovery period the relative uptake of TPEN in the post obstructed kidney had increased to a mean of 29.5%. These results indicate that TPEN scans should not be used during acute obstruction to predict recoverable function. The observations noted in the study almost certainly apply to similar chelating agents such as dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) and probably to other renal radiopharmaceuticals as well. PMID- 7129790 TI - An automated method for collecting samples for determination of acid-precipitable radioactivity from gradient-centrifugations on chromatographic columns. PMID- 7129791 TI - Abstracts of the papers presented at the Radioiodine International Symposium, Banff, Alberta, Canada. PMID- 7129789 TI - Functional obstruction of splenic blood vessels in adults: a radiocolloid study. PMID- 7129793 TI - Effect of dietary vitamin E on rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri). Muscle alpha tocopherol and storage stability. AB - An experiment was conducted to study the effect of dietary vitamin E (basal alpha tocopherol plus supplemental DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate) on the muscle alpha tocopherol levels in rainbow trout. The relationship of muscle alpha-tocopherol and its storage stability were measured by changes in thiobarbituric acid number (TBA) between one year frozen storage (-17 degrees C) and one year frozen (-17 degrees C) plus 7 days' refrigeration (2 degrees C). The alpha-tocopherol content in the muscle of fish fed the experimental diets for 24 weeks was significantly (p less than 0.05) increased only by a very high level of dietary vitamin E. Changes in TBA between frozen and frozen-refrigerated storage were not significantly (p less than 0.05) affected by the dietary treatments. The expected improvement of storage stability in muscle of fish fed high dietary vitamin E was not observed. These data suggest that the response of muscle alpha-tocopherol to dietary vitamin E was too low to be economically feasible while a large amount of dietary vitamin E was deposited in the liver which is normally discarded during processing. PMID- 7129794 TI - The alleged antithiamine activity of o-diphenols: an artefact of oxygen in the thiochrome method? AB - 1H-n. m. r. and t. l. c. measurements show that ortho-diphenols induced little or no chemical change in thiamine when co-dissolved in aqueous solution at pH 7.8. Thiamine determinations on the same solutions by the classical thiochrome method are critically susceptible to the amount of dissolved oxygen. An oxygen saturated equimolar solution of thiamine and pyrocatechol (0.03 mM), after 24 hours at pH 7.8 and at 37 degree, gives almost no thiochrome fluorescence response unless the solution is first degassed to remove all traces of oxygen. It is suggested that earlier literature reports of the pronounced anti thiamine effect of o-diphenols were erroneously based on this apparent disappearance of thiamine when oxygen is not excluded. PMID- 7129795 TI - The effect of niacin deprivation on nicotinic acid mononucleotide pyrophosphorylase of pig erythrocytes. PMID- 7129792 TI - Dynamics of the fetal distribution and transfer of Vitamin A between rat fetuses and their mother. AB - During the final trimester of pregnancy (15-21 days) in well-nourished dams, the body weight of rat fetuses increased over 30-fold whereas fetal vitamin A concentrations increased about twice as fast. The average vitamin A content of each newborn pup was 8 microgram, or 1.45 microgram/g without suckling, but increased to 12 microgram with 1 day of suckling. Only about one-third of total fetal vitamin A, however, was found in the liver (5-8 microgram/g). The total content and concentration of vitamin A in the pooled placentas increased about 6 fold (1.2 to 8 microgram) and 2-fold (1 to 2 microgram/g), respectively, during this period. The placental vitamin A concentration was significantly correlated (R2 = 0.72, P less than 0.025) with total litter vitamin A content. The total vitamin A content of different litters varied up to 5-fold and of littermates up to 2-fold. A significant portion of the radioactivity recovered after the intraperitoneal injection of 3H-retinyl acetate into fetuses was found in the placenta (2.7-3.8%) and in the mother's liver and serum (1.5-2.4%) within 1-5 hours. Thus, although the total content of vitamin A in the rat fetus is low, its concentration increases more rapidly than growth during the third trimester, the liver is its preferred albeit not its sole storage site, and its fetal metabolism and excretion through the placenta to the maternal circulation are appreciable. The fetal-maternal interaction relative to vitamin A should therefore be considered as a dynamic steady-state relationship rather than as a one-way flow constrained by a so-called "placental barrier". PMID- 7129796 TI - The metabolism of [3',5',9(n)-3H] pteroylglutamic acid by chicken liver in vivo. Effects of folate deficiency and vitamin B12 supplementation. AB - 1. Control, folate-deficient and vitamin B12-supplemented chickens were given [3', 5', 9 (n)-3H] pteroylglutamic acid by intraperitoneal injection. After various time intervals (1.5 h-8d) the incorporation of radioactivity into hepatic folate derivatives was measured. 2. The results confirm that avian species have a faster assimilation of folate than most mammalian species. 3. Folate deficiency increased the incorporation and retention of [3H] pteroylglutamic acid. The degree of folate conjugation was unaffected by folate deficiency but the formyl to methyl folate ratio was decreased. 4. Vitamin B12 supplementation had no effect on the uptake or conjugation of [3H] pteroylglutamic acid, but increased the formyl to methyl folate ratio. PMID- 7129797 TI - [Reduction of dehydroascorbic acid by thiols in presence of biocatalytic substances: polarographic study]. AB - The chemical reduction of dehydroascorbic acid is studied in the presence of organic and vitaminic compounds. Redox properties of the compounds: ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid, thiols such as glutathion, cistein, British anti Lewisite (BAL), thiamin, riboflavin, para amino benzoic acid, biotin, 1-4 dihydronaphtoquinone and flavonoids (flavone and derived salts, quercetin rutin, 1-epicatechin and dimer) are established by direct and pulse polarography. The redox reactions are analysed by amperometry. From the results, it appears that the catalytic effect of biocatalyst of the dehydroascorbic reduction by thiols has no direct relation with the redox properties. This catalytic effect is specifically obtained with flavan-3 ol complex with antiscorbutic activities of C2 factor type. PMID- 7129800 TI - Confirmation of 2-O-methyl ascorbic acid as the product from the enzymatic methylation of L-ascorbic acid by catechol-O-methyltransferase. PMID- 7129799 TI - Ascorbic acid and cortisol metabolism in hypovitaminosis C guineapigs. AB - The relationship between the metabolic changes in tissue ascorbic acid (AA) and the release of 11-hydroxy corticosteroids (cortisol) into the blood of male and female guineapigs fed on vitamin C-deficient diet, has been investigated. The animals received the diet for 30 and 36 days (males and females respectively) during which tissue AA and Corticol concentrations were analysed at six-day intervals. Bodyweight and adrenal weights were also recorded. When guineapigs are deprived of vitamin C in their diet, tissue cortisol and ascorbic acid concentrations undergo concurrent metabolic changes. There is a close association between the metabolic changes in adrenal cortisol secretion and ascorbic acid release into the plasma as shown by the regression and correlation values. Adrenal ascorbic acid concentration falls as cortisol secretion into the plasma increases. These results indicate that adrenal ascorbic acid operates a modulating role over the production of adrenal steroids during stress in guineapigs. PMID- 7129798 TI - Studies on the possible mechanism of hydrazine action on ascorbic acid metabolising enzymes. AB - The activities of enzymes associated with the synthesis and degradation of L ascorbic acid were studied in hydrazine-treated rats supplemented with pyridoxine. The effects of hydrazine in vitro were also examined on these enzymes. The activity of liver D-glucuronoreductase was reduced in hydrazine treated rats even after receiving pyridoxine in excess. But, the decreased activities of liver and kidney dehydroascorbatases in hydrazine-treated rats were reversed by pyridoxine supplementation. Hydrazine in vitro could not inhibit the activity of liver D-glucuronoreductase or L-gulonooxidase. The drug was also unable to inhibit in vitro the activity of liver and kidney dehydroascorbatases. Studies with dialyzed liver homogenates showed that the diminished activity of D glucuronoreductase in the liver of hydrazine-treated rats was maintained even after dialyzing the tissue preparations. In contrast, the reduced activity of dehydroascorbatase in the liver of hydrazine-treated rats was abolished following dialysis of the liver preparations. It has been suggested that the diminished activity of liver D-glucuronoreductase after hydrazine treatment might arise from the reduced synthesis of enzyme protein, while the reduction in the activity of dehydroascorbatase following hydrazine treatment could be ascribed to depletion in vivo of pyridoxal phosphate and/or to the involvement of some dialyzable factors. PMID- 7129801 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of ascorbic acid in food: comparison with other methods. PMID- 7129803 TI - Nomifensine--clinical and experimental investigation. PMID- 7129802 TI - The vitamin status of Viennese school children aged 11-12 years. AB - In 830 Viennese school children of both sexes, aged 11-12 years, plasma carotene, retinol and alpha-tocopherol, erythrocyte transketolase activity (alpha ETK), erythrocyte glutathione-reductase (alpha EGR) and erythrocyte glutamic acid oxalacetic acid transaminase (alpha EGOT) were determined. The mean alpha ETK value indicated inadequate thiamine supply. The vitamin status was better in boys and in children of higher socio-economic classes than in girls and in the low income group, with respect to beta-carotene, retinol, tocopherol, thiamine and riboflavin. The opposite situation was true in the case of pyridoxine where the girls and the children of lower socio-economic status showed lower values for alpha EGOT indicating a better vitamin B6 status. Eating habits of the children did not seem to affect the vitamin status, but in children with overweight higher values for retinol and thiamine were more frequent and a positive correlation was found between tocopherol values and serum cholesterol. PMID- 7129804 TI - Hyposalivation after single doses of antidepressants. PMID- 7129806 TI - Ocular melanoma: a challenge to visual science. Friedenwald lecture. PMID- 7129805 TI - The pharmacokinetics of nomifensine. Comparison of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics using computer pharmaco-EEG. AB - Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nomifensine infusions as compared with oral preparations were investigated in a double-blind place-controlled crossover study in 10 healthy normal volunteers. They received randomized in weekly intervals 75 mg nomifensine and placebo intravenously as well as placebo, 75 and 150 mg nomifensine orally. Blood samples, quantitative EEG evaluations, psychometric tests, blood pressure, pulse rate and side effects were obtained and monitored at the hours 0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8. Nomifensine serum levels were determined by a radioimmunoassay; peak levels occurred within the first 2 h, the elimination half-life was around 2 h, both results indicating fast absorption and elimination. While the evaluation of the total nomifensine demonstrated almost identical bioavailability of the oral and intravenous form, free nomifensine levels after 75 mg i.v. were more similar to those after 150 mg than 75 mg p.o. Digital computer period analysis of the EEG confirmed nomifensine as a drug with a significant effect on the CNS as compared with placebo, showing in fact an antidepressant 'pharmaco-EEG profile' similar to desipramine. Evaluation of dose effect curves demonstrated that 75 mg i.v. was the most effective drug, being closer to 150 than 75 mg p.o. The latter oral dosage could be discriminated from placebo only in certain variables at certain times. Concerning time-effect, nomifensine was most effective around the 6th hour post-drug, which was similar to the psychometric findings, thus showing a considerable delay compared to the peak serum concentration. Relating pharmacodynamic findings to pharmacokinetic results it became evident that free nomifensine may be of far greater importance for the drugs encephalotropic and psychotropic properties than the total unconjugated and conjugated nomifensine--thus justifying the development of a parenteral preparation. Finally, the relationship of blood levels and CNS effects was found to have a characteristic 'hysteresis loop' shape suggesting a delay of pharmacodynamic effects as opposed to the serum concentrations. This delay may be due to a slowly formed active metabolite, the drug acting on deep compartment receptors or both. PMID- 7129807 TI - Optic nerve blood flow and its regulation. AB - Intracranial optic nerve blood flow was measured by the radiolabeled microsphere technique in 30 adult sheep under light barbiturate anesthesia. Regional blood flow rates were determined under basal conditions. The responses of regional blood flow to alterations in PaCO2 and to changes in arterial blood pressure were also measured. Under basal conditions blood flow was comparable to that found in other cerebral white matter (14 +/- 1 ml/100 gm/min). Responses to hypercarbia and hypocarbia were also similar to reported measurements for other cerebral white matter. With alteration of arterial blood pressure, intracranial optic nerve blood flow remained constant within the limits of cerebral autoregulation. PMID- 7129808 TI - Cytochalasin B and D dose-outflow facility response relationships in the cynomolgus monkey. AB - Total outflow facility was determined by two-level constant-pressure perfusion in cynomolgus monkeys for 30 to 40 min before and after intracameral infusion of cytochalasins B and D (CB, CD). CB and CD dose-facility response relationships were defined. CB doses of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 micrograms were subthreshold; 1, 2, 5 and 10 micrograms were effective, with 5 micrograms probably supramaximal. CD at 0.02 microgram was probably subthreshold; 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5 micrograms doses were effective, with 0.1 microgram being near or above maximum. Although the maximum effects of both agents were quantitatively similar, approximately doubling-starting facility, CD Was about 25 times more potent. Therefore, CB- and CD-induced facility increases are presumably due largely to interference with formation, structure, and function of actin filaments in the endothelial cells of the trabecular meshwork and inner wall of Schlemm's canal. PMID- 7129810 TI - The healing of linear nonperforating wounds in rabbit corneas of different ages. AB - Linear nonperforating incisions were made in the corneas of 2-week-old and 2-year old rabbits. The resulting wounds were examined by light microscopy and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. A corneal incision of a 2-week-old rabbit produced a wide gaping wound caused by retraction of the cut stromal lamellae away from the incision. The wound became wider with time as the developing eye enlarged and the cut lamellae retracted further. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes, presumably from the tear film, penetrating into the wound area before it was covered over by the sliding epithelium. Most of the leukocytes disappeared by 3 days after wounding. Three to six layers of fibroblasts appeared beneath the epithelial plug. The tissue eventually rebuilt approximately one third of the corneal depth lost to the wound. The stroma of the wounded region did not return to its normal width, but the epithelium was thicker than that of the unwounded cornea. An incision in a 2-year-old rabbit cornea produced a narrow V-shaped wound that did not change shape with time. This wound was repaired by fibroblasts resulting in collagenous repair tissue being the same depth as the normal stroma. There appears to be no evidence for wide gaping wounds in humans in the literature, as was found in this study in rabbits. PMID- 7129809 TI - Characterization of a glucocorticoid receptor and the direct effect of dexamethasone on herpes simplex virus infection of rabbit corneal cells in culture. AB - Homogenates prepared from a previously established cell line derived from rabbit cornea contain a macromolecule with many properties of a glucocorticoid receptor, namely high affinity (KD = 6 x 10(-9)M) and saturable capacity (135 femtomoles/mg protein) for dexamethasone, extreme heat lability, and a pattern of competition similar to that found in other glucocorticoid target cells. Intact cells specifically bind dexamethasone with an affinity similar to that found in homogenates, and the amount of steroid bound at saturation is approximately 60,000 molecules of dexamethasone per cell. Specific dexamethasone binding was found to be localized to the cell nucleus. The corneal cells were susceptible to infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV). Dexamethasone increased cell susceptibility to the virus and facilitated the spread of the infection throughout the corneal cell culture. This effect was observed at concentrations of dexamethasone as low as 10(-9) M. Tetrahydrocortisol, an inactive glucocorticoid metabolite that does not compete with dexamethasone binding to the receptor, did not enhance HSV infection at a high concentration (10(-5) M). This study demonstrates a direct effect of dexamethasone on corneal cell-HSV interaction in the absence of exogenous immunologic factors. This effect of dexamethasone may be mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor. PMID- 7129811 TI - Resolution of gratings oriented along and across meridians in peripheral vision. AB - Grating resolution was measured at various locations of the visual field for four grating orientations. As an instance of the oblique effect, vertical and horizontal gratings produced the highest resolution values in the central area. At eccentricities larger than about 20 deg, the oblique effect was replaced by a meridional resolution effect, in which resolution was systematically best for meridionally oriented grating bars and worst for grating bars perpendicular to the visual-field meridians. The origin of the effect seems to be neural because it was not caused by peripheral refractive errors or optical distortion of the peripheral retinal image. PMID- 7129812 TI - Progressive rod-cone degeneration in the dog: characterization of the visual pigment. AB - The visual pigment of dogs affected with progressive rod-cone degeneration was compared with that of normal dogs. Absorption spectra from detergent extracts and from intact photoreceptors showed no significant difference between normal and affected animals in the shape of the absorption spectrum, the wavelength of maximum absorbance (gamma max = 506 nm), or the total amount of pigment in the eye. A difference was observed in the distribution of pigment extracted from the retina and from the pigment epithelium-choroid complex of one animal judged from the morphologic appearance of the retina to be more severely affected. PMID- 7129813 TI - Effects of changes in systemic blood pressure on the electroretinogram of the cat: evidence for retinal autoregulation. AB - Systemic blood pressure was increased and decreased in anesthetized cats by intravenous infusion of angiotensin and by gradual exsanguination, respectively. The b- and c-wave amplitudes of the electroretinogram were used as indicators of activity of the inner retina and outer retina with pigment epithelium, which are supplied by the retinal and choroidal circulations, respectively. The amplitude of the b-wave remained stable during increases in mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) up to 225 mm Hg but decreased rapidly if the MABP was lowered below 55 mm Hg. This wide range of stability of the b-wave is likely to be brought about by autoregulation of the blood supply to the inner retina. No such stability was seen in the c-wave, the amplitude of which changed inversely to increases or decreases in the MABP. The c-wave thus appears to respond to changes in choroidal blood flow. The data provide new electrophysiologic evidence for autoregulation of the retinal vasculature and suggest that choroidal blood flow may influence the amplitude of the c-wave. PMID- 7129815 TI - Estimation of risk of cancer induction in populations exposed to low-level radiation. PMID- 7129814 TI - 1982 Memorial Award Paper. Detection of regional myocardial dysfunction during ischemia with computerized tomography: documentation and physiologic basis. AB - Cross-sectional imaging techniques have the potential for measuring left ventricular (LV) wall thickness (WTh) dynamics. This proposition was assessed in a canine experimental model, using prospectively gated computed tomography (CT) scans before and after occlusion of a coronary artery. Gated CT scans detected loss of wall thickening in the LV anterior segment immediately after occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery in two dogs. After demonstrating the feasibility of using gated CT scans to demonstrate ischemic functional abnormalities by monitoring wall thickness changes, we assessed the relationship between regional wall thickening dynamics and coronary blood flow in eight anesthetized dogs. Graded circumflex (Cx) coronary artery stenosis (CAS) was produced while sonomicrometer crystals continuously recorded LV WTh and extent of wall thickening (EWTh) in the anterior descending and the Cx distributions. The first significant change in EWTh in the ischemic segment occurred at 33% decrease in CBF (P less than .05) which corresponded to an 80% CAS. At 33% decrease in CBF, there was a concomitant increase in EWTh in the normal segment. In conclusion, we have demonstrated the feasibility of using gated CT to detect myocardial ischemia by monitoring WTh dynamics. Physiologic studies document a close relationship between regional wall thickening dynamics and coronary blood flow and should provide a basis for interpretation of dynamic cross-sectional images of the left ventricle in ischemic heart disease. PMID- 7129818 TI - Noninvasive quantitation of liver iron in dogs with hemochromatosis using dual energy CT scanning. AB - The concentration of iron deposited in the livers of two dogs with experimentally induced iron overload was determined by use of dual energy computerized tomographic (CT) scanning. A phantom was constructed, containing known amounts of iron-dextran solutions. CT scans of the phantoms, at 80 and 120 kVp, corrected for the response of water, showed a linear relationship between known iron concentrations and difference in CT number at the two scanning energies, with a change of 24 H units per 1000 mg% iron. Using the graph of this linear relationship, the amount of iron in dog liver was predicted, compared with the amount of iron measured from biopsy specimens, and analyzed by neutron activation analysis. A close correlation existed between predicted liver iron and measured iron concentration (r = 0.99). Dual-energy CT scanning appears to provide an accurate, noninvasive method of quantitating liver iron. PMID- 7129816 TI - Biliary pressure measurement: an aid in the management of patients on internal biliary drainage. AB - To aid in the management of patients with internal biliary drainage catheters, biliary pressure readings are routinely taken. If the pressure is below the secretory pressure of bile (20-30 cm H2O), adequate internal biliary drainage is assured. This is a fast, simple, and reliable technique which can be performed at home by the patient or a visiting nurse. The need to exchange a catheter can now be based on the objective measurement of the biliary pressure. PMID- 7129819 TI - Brominated radiopaque liposomes: contrast agent for computed tomography of liver and spleen: a preliminary report. AB - Contrast enhancement of liver and spleen in the dog was obtained after intravenous administration of brominated radioopaque liposomes (ROL) (1-5 micron in diameter. Computed tomographic (CT) numbers generated before and after 3 hours of ROL administration demonstrated an increase in hepatic attenuation. ROL are biodegradable lipid vesicles that can be subjected to further physicochemical modifications (size, charge composition) that alter their biodistribution and pharmacokinetics. These changes can result in improved hepatosplenic contrast enhancement. PMID- 7129817 TI - 1982 George Simon Memorial Fellowship Award. Experimental studies with 111indium labeled platelets in pulmonary embolism. AB - The effects of several potential modifiers on the detection of experimental pulmonary emboli by indium-111-labeled autologous platelets were studied. Contrast material did not affect embolus visualization; heparin prevented it, but its effect was not irreversible. The addition of exogenous thrombin to the experimental thrombus was not necessary for successful detection of the resulting emboli. Indium-111-oxine detected a small number of emboli without in vitro platelet labeling. Acutely embolized thrombi up to 72 hours old were readily identified by labeled platelets, but emboli older than 24 hours were almost impossible to detect. There was evidence suggesting propagation of emboli within the pulmonary arteries. PMID- 7129821 TI - Changes in lesion detectability caused by light adaptation in retinal photoreceptors. AB - This paper deals with specific physiologic mechanisms in the retina that can decrease apparent contrast in dark parts of an image. A new signal processing model based on these mechanisms is described which can be used to predict observer contrast thresholds for circular test patches superimposed on both uniform and nonuniform backgrounds. Experiments conducted using this model suggest that several types of viewing conditions commonly encountered in clinical practice may interfere with the radiologist's ability to detect low-contrast lesions. The authors' long-term objective is to use this model to predict observer performance when searching for marginally visible anatomic and pathologic detail in radiographic examinations. PMID- 7129820 TI - The effect of certain variables on the tumor and tissue distribution of tracers: VI. False-carrier effect, Part III, Fe. AB - Previous work has shown that Fe3+, when administered in the proper dose and time sequence, increases the tumor uptake of gallium-67 (67Ga) while decreasing its uptake by normal tissues. The purpose of this series of experiments was to examine further the postulate that the false carrier effect is mediated at the cellular as well as the vascular level, determine the lowest concentration of ionic Fe3+ that will induce near maximum tumor/background ratios (T/Bkg), determine the best technique for its administration, and decide whether Benadryl and dexamethasone could be used to offset side effects of the Fe3+ without altering tumor and tissue kinetics. Fe3+ altered tissue levels of 67Ga prior to changes in the blood. The threshold for initiation of the false-carrier effect varied to some extent from one organ to another. Tumor uptake of 67Ga was either enhanced or unaltered at 4 hours after injection; 0.3 mg Fe3+/kg administered 0.5 hour before and 2 hours after the 67Ga enhanced 4-hour T/Bkg by a factor of about ten. Twenty-four-hour ratios were improved (to a lesser extent than 4-hour), but decreased concentrations of 67Ga occurred in the tumor. Dexamethasone and Benadryl did not alter the outcome of the experiment. This technique should be useful for imaging with gallium-68 and the PET camera. PMID- 7129822 TI - The influence of ambient and viewbox light upon visual detection of low-contrast targets in a radiograph. AB - Thirty-one observers (five radiologists, five radiology residents, and 21 nonradiologists) examined low-contrast images of 13 polyvinylchloride cylinders. Image density ranged from 1.91 to 2.05 OD units with a background density of 2.09 OD units. The experiment tested visual performance under various clinically relevant lighting conditions by asking the observers to locate a groove in each cylinder. Use of low ambient light and restricting light from surrounding veiwboxes significantly improved performance (P less than 0.0001). In general, the less the amount of extraneous light, the higher was the detection rate. Some observers did significantly better than others. Reduced scattering of light within the eye is suggested as an explanation for their increased performance. PMID- 7129824 TI - Polypeptides induced by tobacco rattle virus during multiplication in tobacco protoplasts. AB - Tobacco protoplasts were irradiated with UV light, inoculated with tobacco rattle virus (TRV), and then cultured in media containing 35S-methionine. Polypeptides induced by TRV infection were detected by PAGE of protein extracts. Three 35S labeled polypeptides (apparent molecular weights 187,000, 142,000, and 31,000) occurred in extracts of virus-infected protoplasts but not in extracts of buffer inoculated protoplasts. The 31,000 mol. wt. polypeptides co-migrated with TRV coat protein in polyacrylamide gels and was not detected when inocula contained only the longer particle of TRV. The 187,000 and 142,000 mol. wt. polypeptides migrated in positions very close to products of in vitro translation of TRV RNA 1. Experiments in which 35S-methionine was supplied at different times during multiplication suggested that the bulk of translation of RNA-1 occurred sooner after inoculation than did that of RNA-2. PMID- 7129823 TI - Metacarpal bone mass and upper-extremity strength in 18-year-old boys. AB - The relation between bone mass and upper-extremity strength in 106 18-year-old boys was investigated. Bone mass was measured radiogrammetrically at the second metacarpal bone, and upper-extremity strength was measured by three power ability tests: vertical jump height, arm pull strength, and bent arm hang time. A significant correlation between arm pull strength and cortical thickness and cortical area was found. There was also a significant correlation between body weight, bone mass, and power tests. After partial correlation study, leaving out weight, a significant correlation between bone mass indices and arm pull strength remained. The larger bone mass in the above-average-fit boy is due to a larger periosteal diameter and smaller endosteal diameter. This study suggests that static strength is one of the determinants of bone gain before maturity. PMID- 7129825 TI - Crystalline aggregates of hepatitis B core particles in cytoplasm of hepatocytes. AB - Large crystalline accumulations of hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) particles were detected in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes from a patient with mild reactive hepatitis. Within these crystals, the core particles showed a symmetrical hexagonal arrangement with the center-to-center particle distance estimated at 24 nm. The possible mechanism of aggregation and the significance of HBcAg crystalline lattice in the preservation of hepatitis B virus are discussed. PMID- 7129827 TI - Radiography and scintigraphy in the diagnosis of carpal scaphoid fractures. PMID- 7129826 TI - Blood-lead concentrations in three to eight year old school-children from Dublin city and rural county Wicklow. PMID- 7129828 TI - Palatability study of two proprietary liquid antacids. PMID- 7129829 TI - Coeliac disease and congenital pernicious anaemia. PMID- 7129831 TI - Computers and reproductive medicine. PMID- 7129830 TI - Endoprosthetic replacement of the distal femur and knee joint: a case report. PMID- 7129832 TI - Initial presentation and staging of breast carcinoma. A comparative study of cases from Richmond and Belfast. PMID- 7129833 TI - The accuracy of incidence figures and death certification of cancer of the stomach in South-West Ireland. PMID- 7129835 TI - Arthritis in childhood cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7129834 TI - Anterior fusion for cervical disc disease. PMID- 7129837 TI - Familial sarcoidosis. PMID- 7129836 TI - Atypical giant arteritis--a diagnostic problem. PMID- 7129839 TI - Anticonvulsants. PMID- 7129838 TI - Measles vaccination. PMID- 7129840 TI - Obesity-the risks. PMID- 7129841 TI - The hospital in-patient enquiry scheme-a study of data accuracy. PMID- 7129842 TI - Urinary tract infection in female patients -a survey in general practice in the Dublin area. PMID- 7129843 TI - Unmarried mothers: a survey of 200 presenting for ante-natal care. PMID- 7129844 TI - Measles virus and vaccination-a survey of parental attitudes. PMID- 7129845 TI - Fatal measles giant cell pneumonia. PMID- 7129846 TI - Drugs-a study in Dublin post-primary schools. PMID- 7129848 TI - The treatment of aortic aneurysms: the results in 436 consecutive patients. PMID- 7129847 TI - Maternal screening trial for inborn errors of metabolism. PMID- 7129850 TI - Haemodynamic monitoring in a new coronary care/medical intensive-care unit- assessment of a technique in 100 consecutive patients. PMID- 7129849 TI - Comparison of serial physical examination, chest x-ray and haemodynamic measurements in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7129851 TI - Eye injuries due to hurling. PMID- 7129852 TI - Therapeutic abortion: the medical argument. PMID- 7129853 TI - Circular dichroism changes in adenosine deaminase upon substrate analog binding. AB - Circular dichroism studies with adenosine deaminase from calf intestinal mucosa are described. Addition of purine riboside, a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme, does not cause modification of mean residue ellipticity in the CD spectra in the region between 250 and 185 nm, but increases markedly the ellipticity in the 300-250 nm region. The data are consistent with the view that a conformational change involving aromatic amino acid residues occurs upon binding of purine riboside to adenosine binding site of adenosine deaminase. PMID- 7129857 TI - Characterization of 4'-6 diamidino-2 phenylindole (DAPI) as a fluorescent probe of DNA structure. PMID- 7129858 TI - The influence of soybean diacylglycerol on brain phospholipid synthesis during aging. AB - The synthesis of choline phosphoglycerides and ethanolamine phosphoglycerides has been examined in brain cortex microsomes and neuronal populations of rats during various times of aging as compared to 2 months-old animals. A noticeable decrease of synthesis of both lipid classes takes place in these conditions in vitro. The concentration of the endogenous diacylglycerol is not changed during aging neither in microsomes nor in neurons. The molar distribution of fatty acids in brain microsomal diacylglycerols of aging rats is noticeably different from that of adult animals. The content of monoenoic and dienoic species is increased, whereas that of the tetraenoic species is decreased. The addition of soybean diacylglycerol to microsomes or neuronal preparations from aged rat brain restores practically the decreased synthesizing activity of CPG and partially that of EPG. It is proposed that adding diacylglycerols to aged membranes affects the properties of the membranes and probably enzyme-lipid interactions. PMID- 7129860 TI - Augmentation of the phagocytic activity of murine spleen cell populations induced by Adriamycin. AB - C57B1/6 mice were injected i.v. with Adriamycin (5 mg/kg) and various days later, spleen cells were tested for Fc dependent phagocytic activity by measuring protection of 51Cr-labelled, antibody coated SRBC from hyptonic shock. No difference in phagocytic activity was observed with spleen cells from untreated mice or mice treated with Adriamycin 1-7 days prior to killing. Increases in phagocytic activity were, however, seen with spleen cells from mice treated 9 to 13 days prior to killing. Phagocytic activity of spleen cells from mice treated 5 days prior to killing was increased after these cells were cultured for 5 days when compared to cultured cells from untreated mice. Despite depletion of mature phagocytic cells from spleen cells suspensions by silica treatment, followed 24 hours later by silica removal by density gradient centrifugation, phagocytic activity was observed with spleen cells from ADM treated mice (day-5) after 5 days in culture. No phagocytic activity was seen with spleen cells from untreated mice using the same silica treatment and culture conditions. When cultured spleen cells from untreated or ADM treated mice (day-5) were fractionated by plastic adherence, twice as many adherent cells were removed compared to controls. Their phagocytic activity (per cell) was, however, the same. Thus, ADM may increase the number of immature nonphagocytic macrophages in the spleen resulting in increased mature macrophages after culture. PMID- 7129862 TI - Regulation of intracellular protein traffic. PMID- 7129856 TI - On the stability of isocitrate lyase from Pinus pinea. AB - Isocitrate lyase is a key catalyst of the glyoxylate cycle. A feature of the enzyme from higher plants is the high instability, that causes innumerable problems in working for characterization of the enzyme. The present communication demonstrates that the optimal conditions for the storage of isocitrate lyase from Pinus pinea are: the use of a low temperature (possibly below -20 degrees C), the realization of a high endogenous protein concentration of the enzyme preparations, or, above all when long storage conservation is necessary, the preservation of the enzyme in dried form (acetone precipitation), under vacuum at 4 degrees C. The data reported in this paper seem to exclude, in the above studied conditions, a role for serine proteases in the destabilization of the enzyme. The thiol compounds are not determinant and no effect is obtained by adding exogenous proteins (serum albumin, beta-fructosidase). PMID- 7129854 TI - The influence of disulfide bonds in proteins on the determination of sulfide. AB - Acid-labile sulfide content of proteins can be determined spectrophotometrically by procedures leading to the formation of methylene blue. A method has been proposed (involving addition of sulfide) to take into account absorption of dye by samples, but it has been found that recovery of sulfide is influenced by disulfide bonds, resulting in non-linear responses. A simplified procedure has been used to determine acid-labile sulfide in mitochondria from chicken liver and kidney, and linear responses to the amount of protein have been obtained. PMID- 7129855 TI - Release of uric acid from perfused rat heart. AB - The release of purine compounds from the perfused rat heart under basal conditions was determined by high pressure liquid chromatography. Uric acid resulted the major degradative released into the perfusate. Lower levels of hypoxanthine, xanthine and inosine were found. The uric acid concentration showing that the rat heart is able to catabolize the purine compounds up to uric acid. No leakage of catabolic enzymes was observed and thereby the breakdown of the released nucleosides and bases proved to be intracellular. This heart ability was confirmed by the analysis of the degradation products of AMP added to the perfusion medium in the recirculating system. AMP was sequentially broken down to adenosine, then to inosine, hypoxanthine and xanthine and finally to uric acid that as end product accumulated in the perfusate. PMID- 7129859 TI - Isolation and characterization of two proteoglycans from bovine tendon. AB - Proteoglycans were extracted from bovine flexor digitorum profundus tendon (FDP) with 4 M-guanidine hydrochloride in the presence of proteinase inhibitors and purified by density-gradient centrifugation and ion-exchange chromatography. Tendon proteoglycans were fractionated into two major components, D1 and D2, and characterized by chemical analysis and enzymatic (chondroitinases and hyaluronidase) degradations. The two proteoglycans differ with respect to the structure of their glycan side chains; D1 chains were mainly chondroitinsulfate, whereas D2 contained 40% of dermatansulfate. In both proteoglycans keratansulfate chains are probably present. Tendon proteochondroitinsulfate was of larger size than proteodermatansulfate as judged by gel-chromatography on Sepharose 2B. Proteoglycan-collagen interactions were studied by affinity-chromatography on Sepharose 4B-collagen. Both proteochondroitinsulfate and proteodermatansulfate were resolved in two components, with different affinity for collagen. In proteodermatansulfate the component at higher affinity was predominant. PMID- 7129861 TI - Gene amplification and methotrexate resistance in cultured animal cells. PMID- 7129863 TI - How a simple animal gene works. PMID- 7129864 TI - Hemoglobin abnormalities: molecular and evolutionary studies. PMID- 7129865 TI - Multilocus enzyme systems and the evolution of gene expression: the alkaline phosphatases as a model example. PMID- 7129866 TI - Seaweed itch on windward Oahu. PMID- 7129867 TI - Antibiotic susceptibility testing. PMID- 7129868 TI - Thermal limitations of detectors in high-level radiation fields. PMID- 7129869 TI - Diffusion of radon through cracks in a concrete slab. AB - A mathematical model is developed to describe diffusion of radon through cracks or gaps in concrete slabs which are used in building foundations. As radon approaches the soil surface from underlying soil, it encounters a concrete slab. The radon will diffuse toward any air-filled cracks. The rate of exhalation through a portion of a cracked slab is determined and compared to the rate of exhalation from the same surface area of bare soil. In a typical case, this ratio is approx. 0.25. This is about a 20-fold increase to the ratio found when the concrete slab has no cracks. Therefore crack pathways are potentially a major source of indoor radon. PMID- 7129870 TI - Environmental gamma radiation measurements in Sicily by TLD. PMID- 7129872 TI - Public education on radiation effects. PMID- 7129873 TI - Twenty-seventh annual meeting of the Health Physics Society. 27 June-1 July 1982, Las Vegas, Nevada. Abstracts of papers presented at the meeting. PMID- 7129871 TI - Effects of monomeric 239Pu on the fetal rabbit. PMID- 7129875 TI - A new fallout prediction model. AB - The standard method for the calculation of nuclear weapon fallout radiation doses and dose rates in operational type studies for the last 20 yr has been the computer algorithm known as WSEG-10. WSEG-10 uses empirical functions rather than numerical analyses and computes fallout dose (rates) in seconds or less on modern computers. WSEG-10 has long been criticized for its inability to allow for variations in the activity-particle size distribution of the fallout, for its inability to account for fractionation and for the absence of realistic settling rates. At the other end of the scale, the Defense Land Fallout Information Code, DELFIC, is currently used for research work and as a comparison standard. DELFIC produces fallout footprints on the ground by numerical integration, employing discrete cells in space, time and particle size. A new fallout prediction method is presented here which, unlike WSEG-10, does allow variations in activity with particle size, does account for fractionation and does model variable settling rates. This new model, like WSEG-10 but unlike DELFIC, computes in seconds or less. Some results are presented and compared to DELFIC and to WSEG results. Additionally, this new model will treat the far-field problem of interest in a massive strategic attack which cannot be easily done using DELFIC. PMID- 7129874 TI - Doses received while crossing a plume of radioactive material released during an accident at a nuclear power plant. AB - A set of calculations was performed to determine doses resulting from a release of radioactive material during a hypothetical serious accident at a nuclear power plant. Three different accident scenarios were considered, and calculations were performed for each of three meteorological conditions accompanying each accident scenario. The calculated doses were the doses received by a reference man traversing the entire width of the plume of radioactive material at distances ranging from one to 40km downwind of the release site. Dose pathways considered included the internal dose due to inhalation of material in the plume, the external dose due to exposure to the plume, and the external dose due to ground contamination deposited by the passing plume. The calculated doses are presented along with a discussion of their implications for emergency response planning. PMID- 7129876 TI - Errors in estimating neutron quality factor using lineal energy distributions measured in tissue-equivalent proportional counters. PMID- 7129878 TI - The concept of gene transfer-misrepair mechanism of radiation carcinogenesis may challenge the linear extrapolation model of risk estimation for low radiation doses. AB - The recent demonstration that transformation of cultured cells can be induced by exposure to DNA fragments prepared from normal mouse tissues provides experimental support to the gene transfer-misrepair hypothesis of radiation carcinogenesis. Employing various assumptions with regard to the generation of oncogenic DNA fragments and of cells which are susceptible to incorporate these fragments into their genome, it is predicted that the proposed mechanism implies a non-linear extrapolation model for the calculation of cancer risks caused by very low doses of ionizing radiation of low LET. It also follows from this hypothesis that X- and gamma-radiation delivered at an extremely low dose rate will be less carcinogenic than at high dose rate, in particular where low total doses are concerned. Several aspects of the hypothesis can be verified experimentally by the use of in vitro cultured cell systems. PMID- 7129877 TI - Partial optimization of electrochemical-etching parameters for highly sensitive CR-39 fast neutron dosimeters. AB - Voltage gradient and frequency were studied for their influence on the electrochemical etching of CR-39 plastic irradiated with fission spectrum, fast neutrons. A power supply having outputs of up to 1.5 kV (rms) and 5 kHz was used. Differential voltage measurements under non-etching conditions indicated that the optimal values in electrochemical etching with this power supply would be 20 kV/cm and 1.3 kHz. That these parameters produced a maximum sensitivity was verified in subsequent electrochemical etching experiments for a standard 4 hr in 9N KOH with foils that were both unirradiated and irradiated. The introduction of a proton irradiator cover and a conventional etching step prior to the electrochemical etching, increased the sensitivity to neutrons (approximately 30 fold) and decreased the background track density to 4.4 +/- 0.6 tracks/cm2. The corresponding sensitivity was then 1.3 tracks/cm2/mrem with a minimum level of detectability (3 sigma) of 1.4 mrem. PMID- 7129880 TI - Whole-body retention and tissue distribution of 60Co in rats after oral administration of freshwater fish contaminated with 60Co. AB - The purpose of this report is to compare the whole-body retention and tissue distribution in rats of 60Co administered by gavage as inorganic 60CoCl2 or in a form incorporated into freshwater fish. Orizias latipes were placed in vessels containing 21. of tap water with radioactive cobalt. Periodically thereafter the fish were sacrificed, homogenized, and administered to rats via a stomach tube. Control groups of rats were given the radionuclide alone or together with a homogenate of nonradioactive fish. The whole-body retention and tissue distribution of the radionuclide were determined with an Armac counter. The results revealed that rats gavaged with 60Co incorporated into the fish retained much more 60Co than control rats. This trend was notable in rats given fish kept in radioactive solution for longer periods. Marked differences in tissue distribution of 60Co were also observed between rats given 60Co incorporated into fish and control rats. PMID- 7129882 TI - A TLD fast-neutron dose monitor suitable for clinical use. PMID- 7129881 TI - Iodine-129 in rabbit thyroids near a nuclear fuel reprocessing plant in Idaho. AB - Thyroids were collected from rabbits on and near the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) Site in southeastern Idaho and analyzed for 129I and stable iodine, 127I. The 129I/127I atom ratios in rabbits collected on the INEL site were larger than ratios in rabbits from a control area. Maximum 129I/127I atom ratios (9.1 x 10(-4)) occurred near the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant (ICPP). Based on rabbit thyroid concentrations, the 129I appeared to be deposited primarily in the direction of the predominant winds from the ICPP, northeast and southwest. Dose rates from the 129I to thyroids of INEL rabbits varied from 0.1 to 260 muGy/y (0.01 to 26 mrad/y). Iodine-129 atmospheric releases from the ICPP appeared to have increased the 129I/127I atom ratios on and near the INEL site. PMID- 7129879 TI - Distribution and retention of 239Pu in the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri) following intramuscular injection. AB - The retention of intramuscularly injected monomeric 239Pu has been studied in the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri), a primitive prosimian species. Data for the first 2 yr are presented. Resorption from the injection site is rapid, and the main depository organs are skeleton and liver with approximately 50 and 20% of the absorbed dose, respectively. The half life of retention in skeleton is approximately 500-600 days and in liver approximately 150 days, these half lives are compared to data for the retention of transuranium elements in other animal species. Indications of liver lesions were found in 5 animals and 1 animal died at day 790 with an osteosarcoma. PMID- 7129884 TI - Four-year declines in radiocesium concentrations of American coots inhabiting a nuclear reactor cooling reservoir. PMID- 7129883 TI - Energy-dependence effects on neutron monitor performance in PWR containments. PMID- 7129885 TI - The estimation of airborne and surface contamination resulting from the deposition-resuspension process. PMID- 7129886 TI - Gamma activity of some building materials in West Malaysia. PMID- 7129887 TI - Low level ionizing radiation and human mortality. PMID- 7129889 TI - Gamma-ray exposure from sector-averaged Gaussian plumes. PMID- 7129888 TI - What is the "Lucas emanation method for 226Ra"? PMID- 7129891 TI - [Classification of bladder cancer]. PMID- 7129892 TI - [Computerized tomography--an aid in the preoperative staging of bladder cancer]. PMID- 7129890 TI - [Epidemiology of bladder tumors]. PMID- 7129894 TI - [Diagnostic value of transurethral biopsies in bladder cancer]. PMID- 7129893 TI - [Importance of serum and urine CEA determinations in the diagnosis of bladder cancer]. PMID- 7129895 TI - [Early diagnosis of (recurring) bladder cancer by cytology]. PMID- 7129896 TI - [Endovesical ultrasonic diagnosis in bladder cancer]. PMID- 7129899 TI - [Carcinoma in situ in multiple mucosal biopsies in patients with bladder tumors]. PMID- 7129898 TI - [Bladder carcinoma in situ]. PMID- 7129897 TI - [Infiltrating bladder cancer: can tomodensitometry improve the determination of its spread?]. PMID- 7129901 TI - [Radical--supraradical surgical procedures in bladder cancer: sense and nonsense]. PMID- 7129900 TI - [Prevention of local recurrences in recurring, non-invasively growing bladder cancer. Preliminary report]. PMID- 7129902 TI - [Partial resection of the bladder as a therapy in bladder cancer]. PMID- 7129903 TI - [Factors determining the survival rate after radical cystectomy]. PMID- 7129904 TI - [Downstaging in the preoperative radiotherapeutic approach--cystectomy of bladder cancer: myth or reality?]. PMID- 7129905 TI - [Evaluation of postoperative high-voltage irradiation after transurethral resection in bladder cancer]. PMID- 7129906 TI - [Unspecific cellular immunity in patients with bladder cancer]. PMID- 7129907 TI - [Clinical significance of inverted bladder papilloma]. PMID- 7129909 TI - [Urinary pH and superficial bladder cancer]. PMID- 7129908 TI - [Cystic cystitis--a precancerous condition?]. PMID- 7129910 TI - [Preventive oncology in bladder cancer: determination of carcinogens in urine]. PMID- 7129911 TI - [Value of impulse cytophotometry for the diagnosis and prognosis of bladder cancer]. PMID- 7129912 TI - [Transferability of therapeutic concepts in bladder tumors from the experiment to the patient]. PMID- 7129913 TI - [Usefulness of an oral calcium loading test in 250 patients with urinary calculi]. PMID- 7129914 TI - [Results of diagnosis of hypercalciuria in patients with urinary calculi with an oral calcium loading test]. PMID- 7129915 TI - [Attempts at regulation of urinary excretion of citrates]. PMID- 7129916 TI - [The importance of vitamin C metabolism in calcium-oxalate urolithiasis]. PMID- 7129917 TI - [Persistent colic caused by a prevesical calculus: Zeiss catheter or none?]. PMID- 7129918 TI - [RIA of acid phosphatases--value in the staging of prostatic cancer]. PMID- 7129919 TI - [Unexpected evidence discovered during the morphologic study of a series of 51 radical prostatectomies]. PMID- 7129920 TI - [Statistical prognostic evaluation according to the pTNM-V system in 146 patients with renal adenocarcinoma]. PMID- 7129921 TI - [Sonography after kidney tumor]. PMID- 7129922 TI - [The suprapubic urinary catheterization by means of the Cystofix catheter. Risks and complications]. PMID- 7129923 TI - [Urogenital bilharziasis--apropos of several cases]. PMID- 7129924 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic problems in angiolipoleiomyoma]. PMID- 7129928 TI - [Evaluation of survival in a group of patients operated on for thyroid cancer]. PMID- 7129926 TI - [Surgical correction of male incontinence. Attempt at an objective evaluation]. PMID- 7129925 TI - [Urogenital tuberculosis]. PMID- 7129927 TI - [Urinary calculi--clinical problems]. PMID- 7129929 TI - [Percutaneous puncture biopsy of cold thyroid nodules]. PMID- 7129930 TI - [Hemorrhoidectomy--an assessment of the state of the art]. PMID- 7129933 TI - Hemoglobin variants in Venezuela. PMID- 7129932 TI - Hemoglobinopathies in Canada. PMID- 7129935 TI - International Hemoglobin Information Center: policies--IHIC. PMID- 7129931 TI - Hb A2-Canada or alpha 2 delta 2 99(G1) Asp replaced by Asn, a newly discovered delta chain variant with increased oxygen affinity occurring in cis to beta thalassemia. AB - An Indian family is described in which the father has a delta chain abnormal hemoglobin which is the result of a mutation of the delta gene in cis to a beta thalassemia heterozygosity. The abnormality concerns a substitution of the Asp residue in position 99 (G1) by an Asn residue. A similar substitution has been found in the beta chain of Hb Kempsey (alpha 2 beta 2 99 Asp replaced by Asn). The observed abnormality results in a greatly increased oxygen affinity of this newly discovered Hb A2 variant. PMID- 7129934 TI - Hemoglobinopathies in Italy. PMID- 7129936 TI - Methotrexate resistance and double minutes in a cell line from the SEWA mouse ascites tumor. PMID- 7129937 TI - No effect of sulphur dioxide exposure, in aluminium industry, on chromosomal aberrations or sister chromatid exchanges. PMID- 7129938 TI - Cytogenetic studies on an epithelioid cell line derived from nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PMID- 7129939 TI - Cetacean molecular hybridization using balenopterid satellite DNA cRNAs as probes. PMID- 7129940 TI - Potentiation of x-ray and streptonigrin-induced chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes by post-treatments with hydroxyurea and caffeine. PMID- 7129941 TI - A unique case of cervical carcinoma. Comparison of chromosome analysis and flow cytometric measurements. PMID- 7129942 TI - Electrophoretic variation in large mammals. III. The ringed seal, Pusa hispida, the harp seal, Pagophilus groenlandicus, and the hooded seal, Cystophora cristata. PMID- 7129943 TI - Electrophoretic variation in large mammals IV. The Atlantic walrus, Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus (L.). PMID- 7129944 TI - Familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis in blacks. PMID- 7129945 TI - Effect of levamisole on the incidence of spontaneous mammary tumors in C3H mice. PMID- 7129948 TI - Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid with bone metastasis. PMID- 7129947 TI - Compression of the duodenum by the root of the mesentery. PMID- 7129946 TI - Hemoptysis complicating mitral stenosis: case report with attention to differential diagnosis and a review of the literature. PMID- 7129950 TI - Effect of filter on specific [3H]-5-hydroxytryptamine binding to synaptic membranes. PMID- 7129949 TI - Isoenzyme update: creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase. PMID- 7129951 TI - Periodic paralysis in children: case report and review of Japanese literature. PMID- 7129952 TI - Comparison of medical data of atomic-bomb survivors resident in the U. S. and Hiroshima. PMID- 7129953 TI - Scanning electron microscopic studies on intubation damage of tracheal mucous membrane. PMID- 7129954 TI - A case of Aarskog syndrome with a review of Japanese literature. PMID- 7129955 TI - On the study of developmental genetics of isolated pulmonary hypoplasia. PMID- 7129956 TI - Nuclear changes induced by the nematodes Xiphinema diversicaudatum and Longidorus elongatus in root-tips of perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne. AB - The DNA content and size of individual nuclei from galls of perennial ryegrass root-tips induced by X. diversicaudatum and L. elongatus were measured. Feeding by X. diversicaudatum increased the DNA content of the nuclei by varying amounts. No regular doubling pattern of the DNA content was discernible. The DNA values varied up to between 32-64C. Generally the size of the nuclei was not increased, although some were larger than control nuclei. The modified nuclei probably have an altered metabolic function, which increases the food value of the gall to the nematode. Some bi-nucleate cells were also observed, which probably result from mitosis without cytokinesis. A preliminary examination of nuclei from galls induced by L. elongatus revealed similar nuclear changes, but no bi-nucleate cells were found. PMID- 7129957 TI - Urothelium-specific antibody and lectin surface mapping of bladder urothelium. AB - Coupled ligand-colloidal gold complexes were found to provide a convenient approach for the localization of scanning electron microscopy of cell surface membrane antigens and lectin-binding sites on bladder urothelium and for the immunocytochemical identification of urothelial cell populations at different stages of differentiation. The ligands used to prove the membrane were a urothelium-specific rabbit antibody raised to a urothelial membrane-associated antigen (UMA), and two lectins: Concanavalin A (Con A) and peanut agglutinin (PNA). A complex luminal surface distribution pattern was demonstrated by the UMA antigen related to the stage of urothelial cell maturation and differentiation. UMA could be detected on the surface of immature and early differentiating intermediate cells, but was absent from the late differentiation stage, becoming re-expressed as the cells matured and was found in greatest abundance on the terminally differentiated superficial cells. It was absent on cells in benign hyperplasia of the urothelium. Cellular and regional differences in lectin binding to the urothelial cell surface was suggested with Con A receptors localized uniformly over the superficial cells, and PNA receptors confined to linear arrays or occasional clusters over the apical surface but evenly dispersed over the lateral surface of these cells. PMID- 7129958 TI - The preparation of protein A-gold complexes with 3 nm and 15nm gold particles and their use in labelling multiple antigens on ultra-thin sections. AB - The preparation of a protein A-gold complex (pAg3) using 3 nm gold particles and its application for labelling of intracellular antigens on thin sections is reported. The 3 nm gold particle is the smallest metal particle currently available for cytochemistry and permits a higher resolution of the pAg technique. Furthermore, it can be used in double labelling experiments in conjunction with a pAg complex prepared from 15nm gold particles. For double labelling, the pAg3 complex must be used for staining of the first antigen since otherwise a non specific co-labelling of the two pAg complexes results. PMID- 7129960 TI - Advantages of 1-methoxyPMS as an electron carrier in dehydrogenase cytochemistry. PMID- 7129959 TI - Enzymes involved in protein transmission by the intestine of the newborn lamb. AB - The intestine of lambs killed immediately after birth and at intervals after the first feed was studied by electron microscope cytochemistry. Ferritin, incorporated into this feed, was found within 2 h of feeding within vesicles throughout the cytoplasm of enterocytes lining the proximal and mid-intestine. Some of these vesicles had fused with the lateral and basal membranes of the enterocytes. Histochemical reaction products for alkaline phosphatase and a series of lysosomal enzymes were localized within the vesicles; the distribution of acid hydrolases, however, was not uniform within each cell. Biochemical estimations of the activity of these enzymes showed greatest activity in the distal intestine of the newborn lamb. The activity of only one of these enzymes, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, was maximal in the mid-intestine. These observations indicate that cytoplasmic vesicles, translocating proteins across the enterocyte, probably carry intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity in their limiting membrane. Lysosomal enzymes, particularly glucosaminidase, are introduced into these vesicles as they traverse the enterocytes of the mid intestine. A less specialized complement of lysosomal enzymes is probably introduced into vesicles in the distal intestine where ingested protein may be digested, rather than transported across the cell. PMID- 7129961 TI - Determinants of infant-feeding practice in East London. PMID- 7129962 TI - Estimations of daily mineral intakes from drinking water. AB - Duplicate samples of all tap water drank over 24 h, including that used for beverage preparation, were collected from 109 adult subjects. There were more than ten-fold variations in daily water intakes. The mineral concentrations in the 24-h samples from households on the same public water supply showed considerable variation, the differences sometimes being greater than those found in water samples from different sources. These findings raise considerable doubt about the accuracy of accepted methods for the estimation of mineral intakes from drinking water. Although the mineral concentrations in water samples were generally very low some subjects received 10 per cent or more of their recommended dietary intake of Cu and Zn from this source. The implications of the findings are discussed. PMID- 7129963 TI - Food intake and nutrient adequacy of rural population of Andhra Pradesh, India. AB - The study reported here was undertaken to investigate the food intake and nutrient adequacy of rural population in Andhra Pradesh, India. A total of 280 families represented by 1435 members were covered. A 3-dietary survey was conducted by a weighed method for estimating the food intake. Nutritional value of the food consumed was calculated. Nutritional status was assessed by anthropometry. Results were analysed by five age groups-preschool age, school age, adolescents, adults and people above 50 yr. The intake of green leafy vegetables, milk, animal protein foods and oils was very low in all age groups. The adequacy of energy ranged from 60 to 91 per cent, protein from 73 to 91 per cent, niacin from 52 to 84 per cent. The intake of vitamin A and ascorbic acid was grossly inadequate in every group. The nutritional status of school children and adolescents was less than the values reported for higher income group in the same region. PMID- 7129965 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of ornithine decarboxylase in the rat ovary. AB - The present report describes the immunocytochemical localization of ornithine decarboxylase in the prepubertal rat ovary after administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). Numerous ornithine decarboxylase immunoreactive cells appeared in the thecal layer as well as in the interstitial gland tissue after treatment with HCG. The granulosa cells, the ovum and the ovarian stroma were devoid of immunoreactive ornithine decarboxylase. In contrast to the ovary of HCG-treated rats, the ovary of prepubertal rats given the vehicle alone contained only a few weakly immunoreactive cells. PMID- 7129964 TI - Monosodium glutamate accelerates migration of hypothalamic perikarya at puberty. AB - The administration of monosodium glutamate (MSG) to newborn rats accelerates by two weeks the migration of fluorescent dopaminergic perikarya from the median eminence towards the arcuate nucleus at the time of puberty, which normally occurs from day 22 till 55 after birth. It is hypothesized that MSG affects the trigger mechanism for this migration. The disappearance of fluorescent dopaminergic cells that occurs after MSG administration is considered as a secondary effect. PMID- 7129966 TI - Studies on regional blood flow of the mouse using whole-body autoradiography of 14C-iodoantipyrine. AB - In order to visualize regional blood flow in various tissues of the mouse at the same time, the distribution of radioactive carbon from 14C-iodoantipyrine was studied by whole-body autoradiography. The mice were frozen with Dry-Ice-hexane at 1, 10, 30 min, and 1 h and 3 h after intravenous injection of 14C iodoantipyrine. Whole-sagittal sections of the frozen mouse, obtained by using a cryostat microtome, were dried in a cryostat and subjected to autoradiograhy. The resulting dry autoradiographs are called untreated autoradiographs in the present work. The sections were then fixed in cold 6% (w/v) HClO4, dried at room temperature and again subjected to autoradiography. Autoradiographs thus obtained are referred to as treated autoradiographs. It was found that the method could be suitable for the estimation of regional blood flow of the renal cortex, spleen, lung, skeletal muscle, bone marrow, thymus, testes, and brain. PMID- 7129969 TI - The accumulation and intracellular compartmentation of cadmium, lead, zinc and calcium in two earthworm species (Dendrobaena rubida and Lumbricus rubellus) living in highly contaminated soil. AB - The earthworm Lumbricus rubellus contained more Ca and Zn, and less Pb and Cd, than Dendrobaena rubida living in the same contaminated disused-mine soil. Differences in the kinetics of Ca turnover may account for some of the inter specific differences in heavy metal burdens, although the calciferous glands do not seem to be directly involved in heavy metal excretion. A comparison of the present findings with published data indicated that the concentration of soil Ca and the bioavailability of heavy metals, both factors being allied to soil pH, are important exogenous determinants of heavy metal accumulation by different earthworm populations. Electron microprobe X-ray analysis of air-dried smears of chloragogenous tissue showed that the metals were fairly specifically compartmentalized into two distinct organelles in both worms: Ca, Pb and Zn were found (associated with P) in the chloragosomes; Cd was found (with S and probably in stoichiometric association) in a more electron-lucent vesicular component, designated the 'cadmosome', but which may be identical with the debris vesicles which are characteristic inclusions in conventionally-fixed chloragocytes. The in vivo incorporation of Pb by the chloragosomes of D. rubida was accompanied by the loss of Ca, Zn and P. PMID- 7129968 TI - The use of a laser microprobe to identify calcium oxalate in histological material. AB - Some birefringent renal deposits were found to give the usual histological reactions for calcium oxalate but were soluble in caustic alkalis. Comparison with known oxalate crystals using a laser microprobe mass analyser confirmed the presence of calcium oxalate. Similar crystals were found in liver tissue from a rat poisoned with ethylene glycol. PMID- 7129970 TI - Succinic dehydrogenase activity in liver, kidney and brain of rat. AB - A method is described for histochemical quantification of the activity of succinic dehydrogenase in various tissues of rat by means of Nitroblue tetrazolium. This method can be used for comparison of enzyme activities; the activities calculated correspond to values obtained by biochemical methods. The necessity to quantify the "nothing dehydrogenase" is established as well as the amount of half-formazan. PMID- 7129967 TI - Standardization of formaldehyde-induced fluorescence and its measurement to quantify serotonin emission in pulmonary neuroendocrine cells. AB - We describe a modified and standardized quantitative FIF procedure for producing fluorophores and measuring emission intensity of serotonin-containing neuroepithelial bodies (NEB's) in the rabbit lung. This technique, using epifluorescence, was reproduced without significant differences between control groups. Important considerations for reproducibility were: using the same humidity (80% RH) and reaction time (2 h) during the vapor treatment, sectioning at constant relative humidity, avoiding unnecessary heating (sections should not be stretched over a hot plate) and avoiding exposure of sections to light. Optimal emission readings were obtained with sectioning and mounting at 40--50% RH. Readings were reduced by 25% when the mercury light source was switched from 200 W to 100 W. It was also important to let the instruments warm up long enough to avoid drift during quantitation. Each NEB should be subjected to the same duration of light exposure for alignment (30 s) before measuring fluorescence to avoid differences from photodecomposition. PMID- 7129973 TI - Campylobacter enterocolitis. PMID- 7129974 TI - Transfer of the hamstring or biceps femoris to the patella: medium-range follow up. PMID- 7129971 TI - Comparison of butorphanol with other anesthetic and analgesic agents. PMID- 7129972 TI - Cinoxacin and trimethoprim with sulfamethoxazole in the treatment of infections of the urinary tract: a clinical comparison. PMID- 7129976 TI - Factors regulating lamellar body volume density of type II pneumocytes in excised dog lungs. AB - Pulmonary arterial occlusion (PAO) produces multiple alterations in the physiological/biochemical environment of lung cells as well as dysfunction of the lung's surfactant system, which is considered to play a significant role in mediating lung injury. The present studies were performed using 66 excised dog lungs to evaluate the impact of alterations in ventilation, substrate availability, alveolar CO2 tension, hydrogen ion and bicarbonate concentrations, and temperature and neural denervation on the lamellar body (LB) volume density of type II pneumocytes. Ventilating excised nonperfused dog lungs with room air (0% CO2) for 4 h at 38 degrees C resulted in severe reductions (68-77%) in LB volume density. Supplementing inspired gas with 5% CO2 prevented LB depletion, while ventilation with 2.5% CO2 moderated the severity of depletion to 17-27% of control. Ventilation with 10% CO2 tended to increase LB volume density by increasing the number of LBs per cell, whereas reductions in LB volume density predominantly resulted from a decrease in LB size. The level of ventilation had no significant effect on LB volume density independent of inspired CO2 concentration. Reducing temperature to 5 degrees C prevented LB depletion. Lung perfusion with autologous whole blood failed to moderate the severity of LB depletion during room air ventilation despite the increased availability of metabolic substrates for cellular metabolism. Adding hydrochloric acid to maintain physiologically normal hydrogen ion concentrations in the perfusing blood had a small effect in ameliorating the severity of LB depletion. These results indicate that alveolar CO2 tension and bicarbonate concentration are major factors regulating the LB content of type II pneumocytes and suggest an important link between the gas exchange and phospholipid metabolic functions of the lung. PMID- 7129975 TI - Effect of pulmonary arterial occlusion on lung fluid and protein exchange. AB - We examined the effects of left pulmonary arterial occlusion and reperfusion on pulmonary transvascular fluid and protein exchange in the sheep lung lymph fistula preparation. Pulmonary lymph flow (Qlym) increased from the base-line value of 5.0 +/- 0.8 to 10.0 +/- 2.1 ml/h after occlusion (P less than 0.05); the steady-state value of 11.9 +/- 2.2 ml/h during reperfusion was not significantly different from the value during occlusion. The lymph-to-plasma protein concentration ratio (L/P) did not change significantly during either occlusion or reperfusion. Transvascular protein clearance (Qlym X L/P) increased from 3.7 +/- 0.6 to 8.4 +/- 2.1 ml/h during occlusion (P less than 0.05) and remained elevated at 8.6 +/- 1.7 ml/h during reperfusion. The sustained increases in Qlym and protein clearance could not be explained by the 3-Torr increase in mean pulmonary arterial pressure during the occlusion period or by an increase in the interstitial protein concentration caused by a period of decreased filtration during occlusion. The increases in protein clearance that occurred with increased Qlym during occlusion and reperfusion were greater than the increases in protein clearance with comparably increased Qlym during left atrial hypertension. The results suggest that occlusion of a pulmonary artery increases vascular permeability to plasma proteins in the lung. PMID- 7129977 TI - Indomethacin blunts ethchlorvynol-induced pulmonary hypertension but not pulmonary edema. AB - Ethchlorvynol (10 mg/kg) causes transient pulmonary hypertension and an increased permeability pulmonary edema in sheep. To determine the role of cyclooxygenase and its metabolites, histamine, and catecholamines in both phenomena, we studied five groups of sheep: group I, placebo; group II, ethchlorvynol; group III, indomethacin with ethchlorvynol; group IV, diphenhydramine with ethchlorvynol; group V, phentolamine with ethchlorvynol. Indomethacin, but not diphenhydramine or phentolamine, blunted the pulmonary hypertensive response seen immediately following the ethchlorvynol injection. However, none of the drugs had any effect on the increased permeability pulmonary edema. We conclude that cyclooxygenase or its metabolites partially mediates the hypertensive response but not the increased permeability pulmonary edema seen in sheep following ethchlorvynol injection. PMID- 7129979 TI - Aortic body chemoreceptor responses to dopamine, haloperidol, and pargyline. AB - Aortic chemoreceptor activity, from single- or few-fiber afferent nerve preparations, was measured in response to dopamine and a dopaminergic blocker, haloperidol, in 18 anesthetized cats. In six of these cats the effect of dopamine was assessed before and after inhibiting monoamine oxidase (MAO) by pargyline. Intravenous dopamine infusion (7-14 microgram X kg-1 X min-1) had a generally inhibitory effect on aortic chemoreceptor activity, but the magnitude of this effect varied with arterial partial pressure of O2 (Pao2) levels. The inhibitory effect of dopamine increased as Pao2 levels fell, and at severely hypoxic Pao2 levels (below 30 Torr) exogenous dopamine had no significant effect. The inhibitory effect of dopamine also increased during hyperoxic hypercapnia. Blockade of dopamine receptors in the aortic body by haloperidol-stimulated chemoreceptor activity significantly during hypoxia, suggesting an O2-dependent release of dopamine from the aortic body as Pao2 falls. Inhibition of MAO by pargyline had no significant effect on the control rate of activity at any level of Pao2 but augmented the inhibitory effect of exogenously administered dopamine. These data indicate that MAO is not significantly involved in the degradation of endogenous dopamine at the aortic receptor sites, but may participate in the degradation of exogenous dopamine. PMID- 7129978 TI - Temperature effects on lung mechanics in air- and liquid-filled rabbit lungs. AB - Effects of temperature on lung pressure-volume (PV) curves and on the reversibility of changes were studied in the range of 4-52 degrees C. Air curves were obtained first at 21 degrees C, then after 60 min equilibration at one of seven test temperatures (4, 21, 32, 37, 42, 47, and 52 degrees C) and finally again at 21 degrees C. In a given lung, peak inflation volume was made identical at all temperatures. Warming from 4 to 42 degrees C steadily diminished both inflation and deflation pressures, but thereafter the trend reversed except on the upper part of the inflation curve. On returning to 21 degrees C, all PV curves were indistinguishable except from 52 degrees C. Liquid PV curves were obtained in a similar way at four temperatures (4, 21, 37, and 52 degrees C). Warming from 4 to 52 degrees C diminished tissue elastic recoil at total lung capacity (TLC) from 17 to 5 cmH2O but raised recoil slightly at lower lung volumes. Liquid PV curves were also reversible except after 52 degrees C. At 37 degrees C the estimated tissue component of the total recoil of air-filled lungs exceeded 95% at 40-60% TLC, and at 21 degrees was 85-90%. This fraction fell to 50% or less at 4 and 52 degrees C, where surface forces failed to reach low levels and alveolar instability resulted. PMID- 7129980 TI - Vesicular lung sound amplitude mapping by automated flow-gated phonopneumography. AB - A recently developed automated apparatus capable of determining vesicular lung sound amplitude rapidly and accurately was used to construct detailed inspiratory vesicular sound amplitude maps in eight healthy male subjects to determine the normal amplitude patterns on the chest wall. The sounds were recorded in 2-cm steps along the following lines bilaterally: A, vertically, clavicle to abdomen, 6 cm from the sternal border; B, vertically, from the level of T1 to the lung bases, 6 cm from the spine; and C, horizontally, from the sternal border to the spine at the level of the nipple. Sound amplitude was measured at an airflow rate of 1.3 l/s. The resulting amplitude maps revealed considerable intra- and intersubject variation with frequent amplitude heterophony. Th patterns for the subjects as a group were as follows: series A, amplitude decreasing with distance from the clavicle; series B, amplitude increasing with distance from T1 with a peak at the bases; and series C, approximately equal amplitude at all positions. The findings in series B and C are, in general, consistent with an explanation of ventilation following hydrostatic gradients. The series A pattern and the intersubject variability in amplitude are inconsistent with this explanation and suggest that the inspiratory vesicular sound amplitude is not simply a result of ventilation distribution but involves other as yet undefined factors. PMID- 7129981 TI - Hormone response of normal and intermittent cold-preadapted humans to continuous cold. AB - This study examined the hormonal and thermal responses of two groups of subjects during 16 days in the Arctic (mean temperature -26.8 degrees C). One group (NPA) received no prior cold exposure, whereas the second group (PA) was subjected to nine daily immersions (20-40 min) in cold water (15 degrees C) 20 days before the Arctic exposure. Nude cold tolerance tests (cold air at 10 degrees C) were administered to both groups before and after the Arctic exposure. The NPA group showed an increase in metabolism and rectal temperature, whereas the PA group showed no elevation in metabolism and a decrease in rectal temperature. In the Arctic significant daily increases over the control period of urine volume (+86%), urinary norepinephrine (+48%), epinephrine (+84%), and 17 hydroxycorticosteroids (+34%) occurred in the NPA group. Only epinephrine (+65%) increased in the PA group. The hormonal and thermal responses of the NPA group in the Arctic were characteristic of metabolic adaption, whereas those in the PA group were suggestive of a hypothermic type of adaptation or habituation with no evidence of sympathetic or adrenocortical stimulation. The hormonal and thermal responses observed in this study indicate that a degree of cold resistance can be induced rapidly in humans by short intermittent exposures to an intense cold stress, which persists for a significant period of time after the last exposure. PMID- 7129983 TI - Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and the size of hypoxic compartment. PMID- 7129984 TI - Effect of exercise conditioning on coronary resistance. AB - Diastolic coronary resistance (DCR) was determined in seven conscious dogs in the untrained state and after 4-5 wk of daily exercise conditioning (partial training). The conditioning regime consisted of treadmill running 5 days/wk. The dogs were instrumented to measure aortic pressure and left circumflex coronary flow during atrial pacing with implanted electrodes. Heart rate was varied from the resting value to 240 beats/min before and after adrenergic blockade with propranolol (beta B, 1 mg/kg) or phentolamine (alpha B, 1 mg/kg); myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) was measured in three dogs under the same condition in both the untrained (UT) and partially trained (PT) condition. DCR decreased with increasing heart rate [from 4.75 +/- 0.56 (SE) to 2.48 +/- 0.22 Torr . ml-1 . min at 240 beats/min]; alpha B reduced DCR, whereas beta B increased DCR. In the PT condition, DCR decreased to 4.02 +/- 0.40 Torr . ml-1 . min at rest and was decreased to 1.82 +/- 0.16 Torr . ml-1 . min at 240 beats/min (P less than 0.05 compared with UT). alpha-Adrenergic and beta-adrenergic blockade in the PT condition resulted in parallel reduction in DCR compared with the UT condition. MVO2 was unaffected by either PT or adrenergic blockade but increased as heart rate increased with atrial pacing. These data suggest a change in caliber of the coronary resistance vessel because of the parallel shift in the relationship between DCR and heart rate. PMID- 7129982 TI - Parasympathetic innervation of the cervical trachealis muscle in living dogs. AB - In 34 anesthetized dogs, we characterized the pathways by which parasympathetic fibers were carried to the cervical trachealis muscle. Nerves were stimulated electrically, and tracheal tension was monitored in segments of the posterior membrane in vivo as described previously (J.K. Brown et al.; J. Appl. Physiol: Respirat. Environ. Exercise Physiol. 49: 84-94, 1980). Stimulation of superior laryngeal nerves contracted 34 of 34 cranial cervical segments and 2 of 4 caudal cervical segments. Recurrent laryngeal nerves contributed to innervation of 34 of 34 cranial, as well as 4 of 4 caudal, segments. Stimulation of pararecurrent nerves contracted 11 of 34 cranial and 4 of 4 caudal segments. Mechanical effects of esophageal contraction, induced by stimulating pararecurrent nerves, did not alter tension in tracheal segments. Tracheal contractions induced by stimulation of all three pathways simultaneously were significantly less than the sum of contractions produced by stimulating each set individually; this was probably due to anastomoses between terminal neurons, overlap in their anatomic distribution, or intercellular nexuses in trachealis muscle. We conclude that parasympathetic innervation of the canine trachea is by three different neuroanatomic pathways. PMID- 7129985 TI - Augmentation of ventilatory response to asphyxia by prochlorperazine in humans. AB - The effect of the dopamine-receptor blocking agent prochlorperazine on the ventilatory response to hypercapnic hypoxia was studied in six healthy adults. Repeated episodes of transient hypoxia were induced at the mixed venous PCO2 level by a nonrebreathing technique in five males and one female before and after an intravenous bolus injection of prochlorperazine mesylate (12.5 mg = 10 mg base). The ventilatory response to CO2 was also studied before and after drug administration. Prochlorperazine produced a modest (15%) increase in resting ventilation (P less than 0.05) but a marked increase in the ventilatory response to asphyxia such that the group mean response was double the control value [2.0 +/- 0.7 vs. 4.2 +/- 1.5 l . min-1 . % arterial O2 saturation (%SaO2); P less than 0.001]. Two-thirds of this change in ventilatory response was due to an increase in frequency response to hypoxia (0.34 +/- 0.20 vs. 0.81 +/- 0.52 breaths . min-1 . %SaO2; P less than 0.001). The position of the ventilatory response line, as judged by the computed ventilation at 95% SaO2, was increased by prochlorperazine (22.2 +/- 9.6 vs. 35.9 +/- 10.9 l . min-1; P less than 0.01) due to an increase in both tidal volume (P less than 0.05) and frequency of breathing (P less than 0.0125). The ventilatory response to CO2 was unchanged by drug injection. In separate experiments prochlorperazine was shown to 1) increase the ventilatory response to steady-state eucapnic hypoxia (P less than 0.01) demonstrating that the drug effect was not dependent on either the presence of hypercapnia or rapidly changing states of arterial oxygenation; and 2) reverse the depressant effect of intravenously infused dopamine hydrochloride (5 micrograms . kg-1 . min 1) on the ventilatory response to transient asphyxia (P less than 0.01). We conclude that prochlorperazine augments hypoxic responsiveness in humans. The mechanism may be blockade of dopaminergic receptors that modulate carotid body discharge. PMID- 7129987 TI - A critical value for O2 transport in the rat. AB - Rat skeletal muscle O2 uptake (VO2) has been reported to be supply dependent even at normal blood flow rates. To find the point at which whole-animal VO2 became dependent on total O2 transport (TOT), intact anesthetized rats were ventilated under hypoxic, normoxic, and hyperoxic conditions while either normovolemic or hypovolemic. In this manner, TOT (cardiac output X arterial O2 content) was varied over a range of 5-80 ml . kg-1 . min-1 . VO2 was measured in a closed circuit, double servospirometer system. O2 contents were measured in carotid artery and right heart blood. Arterial PCO2, pH, and rectal temperature were kept within normal limits. Above a TOT of 23 ml . kg-1 . min-1, reciprocal changes in O2 extraction and cardiac output maintained VO2 independently of TOT (VO2 = 17.9 +/- 1.3 ml . kg-1 . min-1). Below a TOT of 23 ml . kg-1 . min-1, Vo2 became linearly dependent upon TOT. For TOT between 5 and 16 ml . kg-1 . min-1, VO2 = 0.89 + 0.78 TOT (r = 0.98). These data indicate that above a critical TOT of approximately 23 ml . kg-1 . min-1, VO2 in anesthetized rats does not depend on TOT. PMID- 7129986 TI - Factors inducing periodic breathing in humans: a general model. AB - A general model is developed to account for all kinds of periodic breathing (PB) resulting from instability in respiratory control: in normals during sleep and on acute exposure to high altitude, in sleeping infants, and in patients with cardiovascular or neurologic lesions. It is found that in almost every case the ventilatory oscillation is mediated predominantly by the peripheral controller. System stability is decreased by hypoxia, hypercapnia, increased lung washout times, prolonged lung-chemoreceptor delays, and high controller sensitivity. Stability is enhanced by large lung CO2 and O2 storage volumes but little affected by body tissue stores. Using our own measurements of lung-ear delays, the model predicts that the mean cycle time of PB decreases from about 30 s at sea level to 20 s at 14,000 ft, in excellent agreement with data from other studies. Allometric scaling of the relevant parameters also shows close agreement between model predictions and data obtained on infants. PMID- 7129988 TI - Modification of training-induced responses by repeated norepinephrine injections in rats. AB - Rats were subjected to daily (5 times/wk) running exercises, norepinephrine injections (0.5 mg/kg sc), or both for 9 wk; one rat group served as the control. Norepinephrine injections were used to potentiate the effect of the endogenous amine, the release of which is known to be stimulated by exercise. Changes observable in all treated rat groups included reduced weight gain, reduced food intake, decreased amount of epididymal fat, hypertrophy of the heart and adrenals, and increased tail skin temperature response to isoproterenol (0.2 mg/kg sc). The training-specific changes (increased activity of oxidative muscle enzymes) were not potentiated by training under the influence of exogenous norepinephrine administration. The changes produced by repeated norepinephrine injections alone (hypertrophy of the brown adipose tissue and increased colonic temperature response to isoproterenol) failed to develop if the rats underwent physical training in addition to drug treatment. Lower tail skin temperature in a cool environment (15 degrees C) was associated with norepinephrine treatment, whether or not there was simultaneous training. These results suggest that the chronic norepinephrine treatment-physical training combination led to complex adaptive changes that could not be systematically associated with either norepinephrine treatment or physical training alone. PMID- 7129990 TI - Influence of blood and plasma flow rate on kinetics of serotonin uptake by lungs. AB - Serotonin extraction following a bolus injection of serotonin and a nonpermeating indicator into the pulmonary artery can be evaluated using a model that represents the saturable uptake of serotonin by Michaelis-Menten kinetics. By use of this model Km, Vmax, and a perfusion parameter, alpha, can be determined by multiple linear regression analysis of the time-concentration data. Kinetic and perfusion parameters were obtained using data from isolated dog lung lobes in which plasma flow rate was changed by changing the pump flow rate in blood- or plasma-perfused lobes or by keeping the pump flow rate constant and removing the blood cells. The calculated Vmax was reproducible and flow independent over the range of flow rates used in the study. The calculated Km was more sensitive than Vmax to small variations in experimental data and was independent of flow at flow rates greater than about one-half the normal cardiac output per gram of lung tissue. The perfusion parameter alpha was lower in the plasma-perfused lobes, reflecting more homogeneous perfusion in the absence of cells. The results suggest that this approach will be useful for separating changes in the kinetics of serotonin uptake by endothelial cells from effects of changes in flow and perfusion heterogeneity. PMID- 7129989 TI - Sweating sensitivity and capacity of women in relation to age. AB - Ten postmenopausal and ten younger women rested for 2 h in a 40 degrees C, 22.2 Torr vapor pressure environment. Sweating response was monitored by resistance hygrometry for onset, a platform balance for whole-body sweat rate, and five individual capsules for regional sweat rate. Other variables measured included forearm blood flow, heart rate (HR), mean skin (Tsk) and rectal (Tre) temperatures, sweat electrolytes (Na+ and K+), oxygen uptake, and plasma volume changes. Preliminary tests included maximal aerobic power (VO2max) and percent body fat. Heat stress did not elicit any significant differences in sweating response between age groups. Indices of heat strain, Tre and HR, were also similar for both groups. The only significant difference between younger and older women was a higher Na+ concentration in the forearm sweat of postmenopausal women. No thermoregulatory responses were related to age, but both sweat rate (r = 0.48) and peak Tsk (r = -0.43) were related to VO2max. For healthy, active, older women aging did not diminish the functional capacity of the sweating mechanism to cope with heat stress while resting in this specific thermal environment. PMID- 7129992 TI - Problems with plethysmographic estimation of lung volume in infants and young children. AB - In 57 infants and very young children, less than 2 yr of age and with a variety of cardiopulmonary illnesses, problems were encountered in the estimation of lung volume with the plethysmographic technique. In 19 subjects calculated thoracic gas volume (TGV) was found to be consistently larger when airway occlusions were performed at low lung volumes than when performed at higher lung volumes. In 13 infants, changes in intraesophageal pressure (Pes) during airway occlusions were found to be larger than simultaneous changes in mouth pressure. In 25 subjects in whom none of the above changes were observed, total pulmonary resistance (TPR) and airway resistance (Raw) did not differ significantly [mean TPR, 50.1 +/- 27.5 cmH2O X l-1; mean Raw, 48.1 +/- 26.5 (P greater than 0.5)]. In the 13 subjects in whom the delta Pes-to-delta Pm occlusion ratio exceeded 1.05, closest agreement with specific resistance (sRaw) and TPR derived lung volume was found when TGV was calculated with delta Pes rather than mouth pressure change (delta Pm). A similar close agreement with the sRaw TPR derived volume was obtained when TGV was calculated during airway occlusions at the higher lung volume. Two separate lung models are proposed to explain these observations, one with a segmental airway closure and the other with more a generalized airway closure. If plethysmographic techniques are to be used in these young subjects for the estimation of lung volume and airway resistance, possible errors may be reduced by performing airway occlusions at lung volumes above functional residual capacity and noting the delta Pes-to-delta Pm ratio obtained during the occlusion. PMID- 7129994 TI - Protein kinase activity in liver of heat-acclimated hamsters. AB - Protein kinase activity in incubated liver slices from 35 degrees C heat acclimated (HA) hamsters was 70% higher than in similar slices from 23 degrees C control (C) hamsters. Adding glucagon to the incubation medium increased protein kinase activity by 65% in slices from C animals, but by only 30% in slices from HA animals. Binding of [3H]cAMP to proteins of a low-speed supernatant fraction of incubated and homogenized slices was 30% lower for HA than for C hamsters. For each acclimation group this binding was reduced 30% by incubation of the slices with glucagon. The activities of phosphorylase kinase, phosphorylase phosphatase, and phosphorylase alpha in slices incubated with or without glucagon did not differ between groups. Addition of glucagon increased phosphorylase kinase by 30% and phosphorylase alpha by 40% but caused no change in phosphorylase phosphatase activity. These results suggest that heat acclimation of the hamster increases the amount of a species of liver protein kinase that is different from the one that mediates the effect of glucagon on glycogenolysis. PMID- 7129991 TI - Effect of aerosolized histamine on occlusion pressure and ventilation in humans. AB - To define further the mechanism by which inspiratory neural activity is increased in asthma, we studied the effect of aerosolized histamine on occlusion pressure (P100) and ventilation in conscious humans while end-tidal CO2 partial pressure was maintained at a constant, slightly hypercapnic level. The dose of histamine we employed varied from subject to subject but was such that it produced a 70% reduction in specific airway conductance in each subject. In 9 of the 13 subjects tested, inhaled histamine significantly increased P100. This increase was not due to changes in functional residual capacity, which was not affected by aerosolized histamine. Inhalation of isoproterenol abolished the effects of histamine on specific airway conductance and P100. Anesthesia of the airways by lidocaine eliminated the effect of histamine on P100 but did not alter the magnitude of the change in specific airway conductance produced by histamine. We conclude that the increase in occlusion pressure seen after the inhalation of histamine in humans depends on both contraction of bronchial smooth muscle and stimulation of airway receptors. PMID- 7129993 TI - Pulmonary vascular reactivity is blunted in pregnant rats. AB - Pulmonary arterial pressure is decreased in pregnant women despite increased cardiac output, suggesting that pulmonary vascular resistance is decreased in pregnancy. To determine if pulmonary vascular reactivity is decreased in pregnant rats, lungs isolated from pregnant rats were perfused with blood from other pregnant rats at constant flow rate, and pressor responses to airway hypoxia and to angiotensin II were measured. Compared with responses obtained in lungs from nonpregnant female rats, hypoxic and angiotensin II pressor responses were blunted in pregnancy. To separate possible effects of pregnancy on the lung from those of substance(s) circulating in the blood in pregnancy, we perfused lungs from nonpregnant rats with blood from pregnant rats. Both the hypoxic and angiotensin II pressor responses were blunted by blood from pregnant rats. The angiotensin II pressor response was blunted also in lungs from pregnant rats perfused with blood from nonpregnant rats. These results suggest that a circulating substance is responsible for blunting of pulmonary vascular reactivity in pregnancy and that changes in the lung induced by pregnancy also depress angiotensin II responses. It is unlikely that estrogen and progesterone were responsible for these effects, since lungs and blood obtained from animals treated with these hormones did not have blunted pulmonary vascular reactivity. PMID- 7129995 TI - Ovalbumin-induced lung disease in the pony: role of vagal mechanisms. AB - In awake sensitized ponies, we studied the effect of aerosol ovalbumin challenge on ventilation, pulmonary mechanics, lung volume, and gas exchange before and after vagal blockade. We also challenged the left lung and measured respiratory rate (f) and right and left respiratory system resistance (RrsR, RrsL) before and after both left and bilateral vagal section. Bilateral ovalbumin aerosol challenge increased f, minute ventilation (VE), total respiratory system resistance (Rrs), and minimal volume, decreased dynamic compliance, total lung capacity, and arterial oxygen tension, and was without effect on tidal volume (VT), functional residual capacity, quasi-static lung compliance, and arterial carbon dioxide tension. Vagal blockade reversed the increase in f, VE, and Rrs and increased VT. Challenge of the left lung increased f and RrsL but did not alter RrsR. Bilateral vagal section reversed the tachypnea but unilateral section did not. Histopathologic lesions included acute fibrinopurulent obstructive bronchiolitis, bronchitis, edema, and alveolar distension. We conclude that local mechanisms are of critical importance in the pathogenesis of ovalbumin-induced airway obstruction in ponies, that increased sensitivity of airway smooth muscle to normal vagal tone may also play a role, and that tachypnea following challenge is caused by activity of pulmonary receptors with vagal afferent fibers. PMID- 7129996 TI - Statistical analysis of effect of anoxia on rate of change of ventricular pressure. AB - Hearts from 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats were studied to determine effects of anoxia on ventricular contractility. Maximum rate of ventricular pressure changes with time (Pmax) were obtained from simultaneous recordings of right and left ventricular pressure curves. Peak aortic flow and heart rate were measured. Anoxia was produced by 100% N2 respiration. Statistical models were repeated measures analysis of variance and randomized block factorial analysis of variance. Alpha was 0.05. Heart rate during anoxia was significantly lower than during the 1st min of recovery. Heart rate during both these periods was significantly lower than in preanoxia or the remainder of recovery. Peak aortic flow was not significantly altered. In left ventricles positive Pmax was significantly higher than negative Pmax. In right ventricles positive and negative Pmax were not significantly different. Left ventricular Pmax was significantly depressed during anoxia, whereas right ventricular Pmax was not. Significant differences in pressure developed per mass of tissue was a possible source of variation in right (0.12 +/- 0.002 mmHg/mg) and left (0.16 +/- 0.009 mmHg/mg) ventricular contractile maintenance. PMID- 7129997 TI - Rat lung cholinergic receptor: characterization and regulation by corticosteroids. AB - Muscarinic cholinergic receptors have been implicated in the regulation of bronchomotor tone, bronchial mucus secretion, and lung mast-cell mediator release. Rat lung membranes prepared by homogenization, sonication, and sedimentation of 37,000 g in sucrose have been demonstrated to possess muscarinic cholinergic receptors as assessed by radioligand binding employing l quinuclidinyl[phenyl-4-3H]benzilate ([3H]QNB). QNB binding was saturable, stereoselective, and reversible in the presence of 1 microM atropine. The rat lung muscarinic receptor demonstrated a Kd of 0.268 +/- 0.126 (+/- SD) nM and a density of 35.4 +/- 4.6 fmol/mg protein by Scatchard analysis. The Hill coefficient was 1.015 +/- 0.085, indicating noncooperative binding. Muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the rat lung were equal in number to alpha 1-adrenergic receptors, but beta-adrenergic receptors are 14 times more prevalent as defined by [3H]prazosin and l-[propyl-2, 3-3H]dihydroalprenolol ([3H]DNA) binding. Dexamethasone (140 micrograms) administration in vivo caused an increase in all three receptor types by 24-48 h, suggesting steroids regulate not only the number of beta-receptors but also that of alpha- and cholinergic receptors. These data suggest new avenues by which steroids may regulate lung function. PMID- 7129999 TI - Effect of heat stress on cutaneous vascular responses to the initiation of exercise. AB - To explore further the competition between vasoconstrictor and vasodilator reflexes in the regulation of skin blood flow, responses in forearm blood flow (FBF) to the initiation of supine leg exercise were measured by plethysmography against a background of rising internal temperature. In 17 studies involving six men, skin temperature (Tsk) was controlled with water-perfused suits first at normothermic levels, followed by a 40- to 50-min period during which Tsk was held at 38-38.5 degrees C. Supine leg exercise at a moderate intensity (100-150 W) was performed for 5-6 min of each 15 min throughout, yielding one period of exercise performed during normothermic conditions and three periods of exercise performed during the period of elevated Tsk. On the average, FBF fell significantly with the beginning of each period of exercise (P less than 0.05). Furthermore, the amount by which FBF fell tended to increase with increasing levels of preexercise FBF. Thus the average fall in FBF associated with the onset of the last period of exercise, 2.45 ml X 100 ml-1 X min-1, significantly exceeded the 1.12 ml X 100 ml 1 X min-1 fall in FBF seen with onset of work in normothermic conditions. These responses were not due to changes in internal temperature as reflected by esophageal temperatures. However, individual studies occasionally revealed a reduction or abolition of the vasoconstrictor response with the last period of exercise. These findings are in agreement with earlier studies showing a cutaneous participation in the vasoconstrictor responses to exercise but also indicate that sufficient hyperthermia can attenuate or even abolish this response. PMID- 7129998 TI - Alveolar liquid pressure measured by micropipettes in isolated dog lung. AB - Micropipettes (2-5 microns), in conjunction with a servo-nulling system, were used to measure liquid pressure (Pliq) in subpleural alveoli of lobes of dog lungs made edematous by perfusing with plasma to a constant extravascular weight gain (W). Pliq was measured at fixed transpulmonary pressure (Ptp) in lungs whose W was more than 0.5 that of the initial weight (Wi). In six lobes at W/Wi = 0.6, Pliq, relative to alveolar pressure (Palv), was -2.6 +/- 0.4 cmH2O (mean +/- SE), -11.8 +/- 0.6, and -17.5 +/- 1.7 at deflation Ptp values of 5, 15, and 25 cmH2O, respectively. The Pliq increased to -2, -7, and -13.7, respectively, at W/Wi = 2.8. Based on a mean alveolar radius of 50 micron at Ptp at 25 cmH2O and values of Palv - Pliq, values for alveolar surface tension (tau) at W/Wi = 0.6 were 6, 30, and 44 dyn/cm at Ptp of 5, 15, and 25 cmH2O, respectively. In five other lobes at W/Wi = 0.5 and at 65 and 84% total lung capacity, tau was much higher on lung inflation than on deflation. If pericapillary interstitial fluid pressure (Pi) and Pliq were identical under edematous conditions, tau would be the main determinant of Pi. PMID- 7130000 TI - Components of effective elastance and their maturational changes in human newborns. AB - The newborn's ability to compensate for a sudden increase in respiratory load remains unclear. The mouth occlusion pressure (Pmo) and the effective elastance (E'rs) were determined in 58 neonates ranging in gestational age from 28 to 41 wk. These results were compared with the esophageal pressure change (delta Pes) and with lung elastance (EL) obtained during regular breathing. Since E'rs = Pmo/delta Pes X EL, E'rs is proportional to an active component, Pmo/delta Pes and a passive component, EL. Although EL is 1.10 +/- 0.31 (mean +/- SD) cmH2O/ml at 28 wk gestation, this value decreases to 0.20 +/- 0.04 cmH2O/ml at full-term. The active component Pmo/delta Pes changes in the opposite direction. It is 0.92 +/- 0.25 at 28 wk gestation, indicating that there is no load compensation in the very premature infant. It increases to 2.06 +/- 0.50 in the full-term newborn, reflecting a linear increase in the ability for load compensation with advancing gestational age. The E'rs is largely determined by EL and is, therefore, not a good measure to compare load compensating ability. The quotient Pmo/delta Pes, being independent of tidal volume, lung maturation, and growth, reflects load compensating activity better than E'rs. PMID- 7130001 TI - Ventilation-perfusion ratio distributions by mass spectrometry with membrane catheters. AB - We previously developed a quadrupole mass spectrometer system for measuring gas phase concentrations of multiple inert gases at trace levels. A new inlet with two silicone rubber membrane catheters now allows quantitative analysis of the inert gas concentrations in both blood and gas phase samples. We have determined the sensitivity, linearity, and reproducibility of this system by measuring blood to-gas phase calibration curves for the following inert gases: sulfur hexafluoride, krypton, Freon 12, enflurane, diethyl ether, and acetone. We have used our mass spectrometer system to obtain multiple inert gas elimination data from three anesthetized, spontaneously breathing dogs. We conclude that our dual membrane mass spectrometer system provides useful measurements of trace multiple inert gas concentrations in both blood and gas phase samples. Furthermore, the inert gases in blood can be measured directly without having to extract them into a gas phase, and the multiple inert gas elimination data acquired with our system can be used to provide estimates of ventilation-perfusion ratio distributions. Our mass spectrometer technique provides an alternative to the gas chromatographic approach for these measurements. PMID- 7130002 TI - A statistical analysis of the spectral moments used in EMG tests of endurance. AB - EMG and bandlimited noise (BLN) signals of comparable spectra were processed to compute the centroid and median frequencies and the high/low ratio for different record lengths, signal amplitudes, and noise bandwidths. The spectral moments of EMG and BLN showed similar statistical properties, independent of record length and amplitude. The signal-to-noise ratios of the moments increased with record length. Relatively short records were sufficient to obtain low coefficients of variations especially for the centroid, which was the most stable and sensitive to changes in the underlying spectra. The high/low ratio was the least stable moment. A change of 10 and 3.9% in the centroid over successive records of overall duration of 8 and 10 s, respectively, was just sufficient to detect a spectral shift at the P less than 0.05 level. The equivalent percents for the high/low ratio were 66 and 32.5, respectively. These thresholds of significance were related to time constants of equivalent exponential trends in the spectra used to study fatigue. This relationship makes the results of the present study applicable to a wide variety of EMG tests of endurance. PMID- 7130003 TI - An ergometer for concentric and eccentric muscular exercise. PMID- 7130004 TI - Advantages of early spaying and neutering. PMID- 7130005 TI - The veterinarian as an expert witness. PMID- 7130006 TI - Stomach intubation accidents. PMID- 7130007 TI - The doctrine of informed consent and its applicability to the field of veterinary medicine. PMID- 7130008 TI - Periosteal transection for correction of angular limb deformities in foals. AB - Seventeen foals with angular limb deformities of the distal end of the radius (valgus: 26 limbs), distal end of the tibia (valgus: 6 limbs), and distal end of the 3rd metacarpal bone/metatarsal bone (varus: 4 limbs) were treated surgically by means of hemicircumferential division of the periosteum proximal to the involved growth plate, at the concave side of the bone. There was some correction in all cases. The best results were seen in the radius, where 22 of 25 limbs were corrected to a deviation of 4 degrees or less. Satisfactory correction was obtained in the 6 tibias, the 2 third metacarpal bones, and the 2 metatarsal bones. PMID- 7130009 TI - Dermatitis in horses and man caused by the straw itch mite. AB - An episode of dermatitis in 12 horses and many animal handlers in the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the University of Florida was attributed to the straw itch mite, Pyemotes tritici. The mite was found in abundance alfalfa hay that recently had been delivered to the hospital. Papules were the most common cutaneous lesions, and these developed on areas of the body to which the mites had easiest access. The clinical course was self-limiting, remitting when the hay supply was depleted. PMID- 7130010 TI - Antimicrobial resistance among Pasteurella spp recovered from Missouri and Iowa cattle with bovine respiratory disease complex. AB - A retrospective study was conducted to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among Pasteurella spp recovered from cattle with bovine respiratory disease complex. The study extended from January 1976 through May 1980, and included a review of the necropsy records of 386 beef cattle. Susceptibility or resistance of the Pasteurella isolants was determined by using the standard disk diffusion susceptibility test. Each isolant was tested for susceptibility with 15 different antimicrobial agents. A high prevalence of resistance (greater than 80%) was found when Pasteurella was tested with triple sulfonamides. For P haemolytica isolants, 57% to 70% were resistant to ampicillin (56/97), penicillin (58/101), and streptomycin (70/100); for unidentified Pasteurella spp isolants, 64% to 91% were resistant to ampicillin (83/129), penicillin (89/129), and streptomycin (118/129). For P haemolytica (21/100) and P multocida (34/146) isolants, 21% to 23% were resistant to tetracycline. Most of the P multocida isolants did not show marked antimicrobial resistance to 9 of the 15 drugs tested. However, 58% of the P multocida isolants (84/145) were resistant to streptomycin and 88% of them were resistant to three combined sulfonamides (126/144). PMID- 7130013 TI - Subluxation and sepsis of the distal interphalangeal joint of a horse. PMID- 7130011 TI - Hemoparasitism, humoral immunodeficiency, and an IgG1 fragment in a cow. AB - An adult cow with nonregenerative anemia was found to be infected with Eperythrozoon wenyoni and Trypanosoma theileri. Further laboratory testing revealed hypoalbuminemia, hypogammaglobulinemia, decreased numbers of circulating B lymphocytes, and presence of a serum immunoglobulin G1 fragment. Reduced B lymphocyte regions in lymphoid tissue, evidence of chronic nephritis, and infection with Fasciola hepatica and Sarcocystis spp were found at necropsy. The cause of the acquired humoral immunodeficiency and the serum immunoglobulin G1 fragment was undetermined. PMID- 7130014 TI - Malignant pheochromocytoma in a foal. PMID- 7130012 TI - Proliferative optic neuropathy in a horse. PMID- 7130015 TI - Serous cystadenoma in a mare. PMID- 7130016 TI - A comparison of ICCE-Binkhorst intraocular lens and ECCE-posterior chamber intraocular lens, thirty-four to forty months postoperatively. AB - A retrospective study of 450 consecutive intracapsular cataract extractions with a Binkhorst lens implant, and 450 consecutive extracapsular cataract extractions with a posterior chamber lens implant, was performed. All patients were examined between 34 and 40 months postoperatively, except for those patients who died before this time, those lost to followup, or those who were otherwise unavailable during this time. The results suggest that the extracapsular series had a more favorable outcome than the intracapsular series, especially with regard to final visual acuity and the incidence of clinical cystoid macular edema. PMID- 7130017 TI - Assessment of intraocular lens implantation in children. AB - Visual rehabilitation by conventional aphakic spectacles and contact lenses has posed a serious problem in the pediatric population. While the use of intraocular lenses has not achieved widespread acceptance as a form of aphakic correction, we have obtained encouraging results in some of our patients. In this report, we discuss two categories: those patients with congenital cataracts, and those patients with traumatic cataracts. PMID- 7130019 TI - Posterior chamber implants without iridectomy. PMID- 7130018 TI - The laser interferometer in predicting efficacy of secondary posterior capsulotomy. AB - Twenty eyes with posterior chamber intraocular lens implants that required secondary capsulotomies were evaluated with the laser interferometer. The interferometric measured preoperative retinal acuity is a good indication as to what the postoperative Snellen visual acuity can be after capsulotomy. Preoperative retinal visual acuity testing is also valuable in helping to decide when a capsulotomy is indicated. PMID- 7130020 TI - Intermediate post cataract extraction ischemic optic neuropathy associated with an intraocular lens implant. AB - An 81 year old patient underwent uncomplicated intracapsular cataract extraction with an anterior chamber lens implant. Three weeks after surgery, he developed ischemic optic neuropathy associated with increased intraocular pressure. There was visual recovery with lowering of the intraocular pressure. This is the first documented case of post cataract extraction ischemic optic neuropathy associated with an intraocular lens. PMID- 7130021 TI - Sodium hyaluronate (Healon) in anterior segment surgery: a review and a new use in extracapsular surgery. AB - The use of sodium hyaluronate (Healon) has made an impact on anterior segment surgery. Healon's uses are varied, but protecting the corneal endothelium and maintaining anterior chamber depth are its main contributions. I have found Healon helpful in planned extracapsular cataract surgery by allowing the nucleus to "rise" on a bed of this viscoelastic substance, permitting easier and safer delivery. PMID- 7130022 TI - Traumatic expulsion of lens. PMID- 7130023 TI - Iris erosion with the Leiske lens. PMID- 7130024 TI - Inexpensive quality television camera suitable for use with operating microscope. AB - Video monitoring and video recording are useful in ophthalmic microsurgery for self-instruction and improvement, increased interest by operating room personnel, transfer of useful information to other physicians and improvement of technique. Specialized video cameras for such use are expensive. There is, however, a newly marketed, inexpensive and light-weight video camera, which was designed for electronic newsgathering purposes, and which can be modified for microsurgery application, providing excellent results. PMID- 7130025 TI - Small pupil nucleus and cortex removal. PMID- 7130026 TI - New safety valve for Honan balloon. PMID- 7130028 TI - Two simple intraoperative measuring techniques: keratometry by contact lens and intraocular lens power verification. PMID- 7130027 TI - A simplified method of secondary posterior capsular discission. PMID- 7130030 TI - Simple bimanual vitrectomy and membrane cutting. PMID- 7130029 TI - A simple device to augment irrigation and aspiration. PMID- 7130031 TI - Growth patterns in the lateral wall of the mouse telencephalon: III. Studies of the chronologically ordered column hypothesis of isocortical histogenesis. AB - The vertical distribution of neurons of different birth dates in the mouse isocortex was measured and compared with the theoretical distributions of neurons accumulation in chronologically ordered columns. The agreement between observed and predicted results was close, so that, in spite of considerable scatter and overlap in the observed distribution of successive generations, the hypothesis that the isocortex is formed of columns of cells arranged from deep to superficial in chronological order of birth is still tenable. A computer model of a differentiation wave traveling across a proliferative system generating chronologically ordered columns was constructed and used to simulate the results of tritiated thymidine labelling experiments. Predicted and observed distributions were again close. The approach has been of value in pointing the way for future qualitative and quantitative studies. PMID- 7130033 TI - Studies on hemolymph nodes. I. Histology of the renal hemolymph node of the rat. AB - The structure of the left renal hemolymph node of young adult male Swiss albino rats has been studied by optical microscopy of semithin plastic embedded sections. Afferent lymphatics were found, opening into the subcapsular sinus through valved ostia, in a large majority of nodes. Free erythrocytes were found in the afferent lymphatics and in the subcapsular sinus. In the intermediary and medullary sinuses, erythrocytes were mostly attached to sinus macrophages. The efferent lymphatics contained few erythrocytes. All the sinuses macrophages. The efferent lymphatics contained few erythrocytes. All the sinuses contained a stained precipitate of lymph protein. The node is hypoactive in its general form but does not differ essentially from typical lymph nodes, except that it receives, through its afferent lymphatics, lymph containing numerous erythrocytes. PMID- 7130034 TI - Scanning electron microscopic study of rabbit ovarian follicle microvasculature using resin injection-corrosion casts. AB - The microvasculature of rabbit ovarian follicles was investigated three dimensionally with resin casting/SEM technique. Characteristic vascular patterns were revealed around the follicles of various developing stages. It is suggested that increased capillary permeability and congestion of the blood stream occurred just prior to ovulation. PMID- 7130032 TI - Effects of distal vagal ganglionectomy and midcervical vagotomy on the ultrastructure of axonal elements in the carotid body of the domestic fowl. AB - The carotid body of the domestic fowl was examined with the electron microscope after either removal of the distal vagal ganglion or midcervical vagotomy. Almost all the axonal elements of the carotid body degenerated within 5-15 days after ganglionectomy. The degeneration was considered to be due to separation of these axonal elements from their cell bodies (Wallerian degeneration) and indicated that nearly all the nerve supply of the carotid body of Gallus is derived from the vagus nerve. Degeneration of many axonal elements of the carotid body was also seen after midcervical vagotomy, but it took longer (19-41 days) to begin and had greatly increased 207-214 days after operation. It was interpreted as transganglionic degeneration, i.e. severance of the central processes of the distal vagal ganglion cells (by vagotomy) had induced slow degeneration in their peripheral processes (axonal elements in the carotid body). We conclude that the vast majority of the axonal elements in the carotid body of Gallus belong to nerve cell bodies in the distal vagal ganglion and are therefore afferent. PMID- 7130035 TI - Influence of cortisone on amoeboid microglia and microglial cells in the corpus callosum in postnatal rats. AB - Amoeboid microglia and typical microglial cells in the corpus callosum of rats were studied following a subcutaneous injection of cortisone at birth. The rats were killed 2, 5, 10 and 20 days after the injection. The most striking change in the corpus callosum was the great reduction in the number of amoeboid microglial cells as shown by the silver carbonate stain of Rio-Hortega. The change was sustained throughout the period studied. Ramified and typical microglial cells which do not normally appear until between the fifth and tenth postnatal day, were observed on the second postnatal day after the cortisone administration. Cell enumeration in semithin sections showed that the proportion of amoboid microglial cells was reduced to 50% of their normal value soon (2 days) after the cortisone injection. This proportion was further decreased and the cells were absent from the fifth postnatal day onwards. Typical microglial cells were developed prematurely and they constituted more than 2% of the total glial population 2 days after the cortisone injection. Another striking change noted in the semithin section was the increase in the compactness of the axons in the corpus callosum in the experimental animals. Electron microscopic observations were in general agreement with the light microscopy. The amoeboid microglial cells appeared less active; they contained small Golgi apparatus, accumulations of lipid droplets and sparse lysosomes. The cell outline was regular. The reduction in the number of amoeboid microglia after the cortisone injection was explained by the fact that the drug suppressed the production of their precursor cells, i.e. circulating monocytes, Moreover, it was suggested that cortisone probably interfered with the phagocytic activity of the amoeboid microglial cells which would normally undergo structural changes to become the quiescent microglia which were observed in the early postnatal animals. PMID- 7130036 TI - Distribution of nerves in long bones as shown by silver impregnation. PMID- 7130038 TI - The ultrastructure of the sweat gland duct of the ox, sheep and goat before and during sweating. AB - The duct of the cow, sheep and goat can be divided into two main parts, the intrafollicular region and the intradermal region. Three sub-regions, namely the perifollicular zone, the duct body and the duct/fundus transition zone, can be distinguished within the latter. In the outer portion of the hair follicle, the luminal surface was keratinized but the presence, in the cow and sheep, of surface microvilli with closely associated vesicles deeper within this layer suggested the possibility of a reabsorptive role. The intradermal duct had junctional complexes at the luminal extremity throughout its length. Gap junctions were observed between basal cells only in the lower part of the duct body. Dovetailing between luminal cells in the intradermal duct was barely noticeable in the cow but prominent in the goat. In the duct/fundus transition zone of all three species there was evidence of cell differentiation, the potential significance of which is discussed. There was little change in the ultrastructure of the duct in any of the three species, other than an increase in lumen size, as a result of heat exposure and sweating activity. PMID- 7130037 TI - Phagocytic lymphoid cells and transitional cells in the peritoneal cavity. AB - In 71 mice, a study was made of the non-granular phagocytic cells in the peritoneal cavity, both after the intraperitoneal injection of India ink, and by incubation of the non-adherent cells with ink in vitro. Ink was taken up by a number of lymphoid cells, as well as by macrophages and monocytes, referred to jointly as macrophages. In addition, the presence of DNA-synthesizing cells was investigated by radio-autography after incubation of cell suspensions for 1 hour with tritiated thymidine. A small number of labelled macrophages was usually found in the normal peritoneal cavity, and also about 1% of labelled cells with the typical morphological features of the transitional cells seen in bone marrow. During 14 days after the intraperitoneal injection of ink, the combined population of lymphoid cells and macrophages showed an increase in the percentage of lymphoid cells, and a fall in the percentage of macrophages. The phagocytic lymphoid cells did not appear to develop into macrophages. It seems reasonable to assume that the haemopoietic stem cells known to be present in the peritoneal cavity are to be found among the transitional cells, some of which may also be macrophage or lymphocyte precursors. PMID- 7130040 TI - Gliogenesis in the prenatal rabbit spinal cord. PMID- 7130041 TI - Innervation of the undifferentiated limb bud in rabbit embryo. AB - The concept that there are no nerves in the limb bud of mammalian embryos prior to differentiation has been re-examined. Rabbit embryos were collected at 260 and 290 hours gestation, which is prior to cartilage formation in the forelimb at 320 hours. Forelimb buds and adjacent neural tube were excised, fixed and embedded for light and electron microscopy. The limb buds were sectioned in two planes by serial 1 micrometer sections and inspected by light microscopy. Bundles of nerve fibres were seen within the proximal third of the limb bud, with distal ramification into adjacent zones of condensing mesenchyme. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of axons and associated immature Schwann cells. These results demonstrate the existence of an anatomical framework through which a neurotrophic influence might be brought to bear upon mesenchyme prior to early differentiation. PMID- 7130042 TI - A simple polynomial model of the growth of the gastro-intestinal tract in the mouse embryo. AB - The growth in volume of the epithelium and mesenchyme of the intestine and stomach was estimated in mouse embryos aged between 11.6 days after fertilization and birth, by means of a morphometric technique. The findings on the growth in volume of the stomach confirm the results obtained for the intestine: the epithelium grows faster than the mesenchyme and the retardation rate of the former exceeds that of the latter. In roughly the same period, the relative increase in volume is much greater for the epithelium of the intestine than for that of the stomach. However, the relative increase in volume of the mesenchyme of the intestine is similar to that of the gastric mesenchyme. A set of data can often be described by several regression equations, the choice of the function depending on the investigator's purpose and knowledge of the process under study. The growth data were first fitted by exponential and then by polynomial functions. Both fits permit an accurate linear representation of the results, but only the polynomial description permits the expression of properties like summation and the introduction of the beginning of the growth process into the growth equation as an additional parameter. Furthermore, while the specific growth rates given by the exponential model slow down with a constant rate of decrease, those given by the polynomial model seem to reach an exponential retardation. This is in accordance with other growth concepts formulated in the past. PMID- 7130039 TI - Spatial pattern of sensory cell terminals in the olfactory sac of the tiger salamander. I. A scanning electron microscope study. AB - The olfactory sac of adult tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum) was assessed by scanning electron microscopy and the hitherto unknown variety of the olfactory sac cells has been documented. Regional differences in respect to the composition of the apical epithelial surface border in the olfactory sac have been recorded. Transitions between the olfactory epithelium proper and epithelia with different surface structures have been described. It has been shown that both the roof and the floor of the olfactory sac are mainly covered by sensory epithelium with a surface of uniform appearance. However, the sensory area of the floor is interspaced with non-olfactory epithelial bands. Variations were also noted in regard to secretory cells, cells with conical profiles, microplicae arrangements and populations of microvilli and kinocilia. These differences have been discussed in relation to electrophysiological data which suggest a regional patterning in the response to odours. PMID- 7130044 TI - Changes in the cell population of the pregnant rodent uterus in relation to the differentiation of granulated metrial gland cells. AB - A time-lapse autoradiographic study has been made of changes in the cell population of the decidua basalis during its development in the mouse, in order to investigate the origin of granulated metrial gland cells. Granulated metrial gland cells initially formed less than 1% of the cells but during the period of study they increased in number to form 14% of the cells. The proportion of unlabelled lymphocyte-like cells and granulated metrial gland precursor cells fell significantly during the period of study. One hour after a single injection of tritiated thymidine on day 4 1/2 of pregnancy the proportion of labelled cells which were granulated cells was not significantly different from the proportion of total cells which were granulated cells. However, 84 hours after the injection of thymidine the proportion of labelled cells which were granulated cells was significantly lower than the proportion of total cells which were granulated cells. Similar results were obtained from studies of the developing metrial gland of the mouse and rat. The significance of the results in relationship to an extrauterine origin for granulated metrial gland cells is considered. PMID- 7130045 TI - Innervation of arteriovenous anastomoses in the web of the foot of the domestic duck, Anas platyrhynchos: structural evidence for the presence of non-adrenergic non-cholinergic nerves. AB - An analysis of the innervation of arteriovenous anastomoses in the web of the foot of the Pekin Duck (Anas platyrhynchos) was compared with the innervation of the right atrium of the duck heart using histochemical, ultrastructural and morphometric techniques, before and after 6OHDA. The presence of intense catecholamine fluorescence and nerve terminals containing typical noradrenergic small dense-cored vesicles, together with the absence of fluorescence and degeneration of noradrenergic terminals after 6OHDA, indicated the presence of a dense adrenergic innervation at the periphery of the anastomoses. Ultrastructural and histochemical data gave support to the presence of a cholinergic innervation. There was evidence that arteriovenous anastomoses were innervated by non adrenergic, non-cholinergic nerves, viz. after 6OHDA, the mean diameter, mean percentage and mean density of granular vesicles in axon profiles associated with anastomoses (107 . 25 nm, 22 . 34% and 12 . 73 vesicles micron-2, respectively) were significantly higher (P less than 0 . 001) than values in the atrium (87 . 13 nm, 9 . 92% and 5 . 51 vesicles micron-2, respectively) and axons associated with anastomoses contained large granular vesicles ranging up to 210 nm in diameter. This non-adrenergic non-cholinergic innervation may represent the non adrenergic non-cholinergic vasodilatory nerves shown by pharmacological methods to be present in the foot of the Pekin Duck. PMID- 7130046 TI - The musculature of the human renal calices, pelvis and upper ureter. AB - The musculature of the proximal part of the human upper urinary tract has been examined using light and electron microscopy. Two morphologically and histochemically distinct types of smooth muscle cell have been identified within the walls of the renal calices and pelvis. One type is rich in non-specific cholinesterase and appears identical in fine structure to the smooth muscle of the ureter. The second type is devoid of non-specific cholinesterase and possesses a number of unusual fine structural features. Cells of the latter type form a thin sheet of caliceal muscle which extends across the renal parenchyma to interconnect with adjacent minor calices. Similar cells extend away from the renal substance to form a discrete layer confined to the inner aspect of the muscle coat, the remainder of which consists of 'typical' smooth muscle cells arranged into compact bundles. The inner layer of 'atypical' cells is present in the walls of the major calices and pelvis but ceases in the pelvi-ureteric region. It is proposed that these 'atypical' cells are capable of spontaneous contractility and perform a pacemaker function which is responsible for the initiation of ureteric peristalsis. PMID- 7130043 TI - Studies on hemolymph nodes. II. The regional origin of the afferent lymphatics. PMID- 7130047 TI - The effects of thermal stimulation on the ultrastructure of the fundus and duct of the equine sweat gland. AB - Sweating in the horse had little effect on the ultrastructure of the glandular duct, other than on the lumen which enlarged. The fundus secretory cells, which in the resting gland were packed with vesicles, gradually lost them as sweating progressed until, after 4 hours of activity, few remained. Sweat appeared to be largely the product of secretion (a) by fluid transport, probably involving a region of complex cellular interdigitations adjacent to the basement membrane and (b) by exocytosis of vesicles, although a secondary mechanism of vesicle loss by micro-apocrine secretion may occur. However, the products of cell death also contribute to sweat formation. The myoepithelium appeared contracted throughout. The function of the lower duct body, where complex basal infoldings of the luminal cells penetrated to the basement membrane, may differ from that of the upper portion. Dendritic Langerhans cells were found between the epithelia throughout the duct and fundus. PMID- 7130048 TI - The composition of the medial articular nerve to the knee in the dog. AB - Light and electron microscopy were used to characterise the medial articular nerve to the knee in the dog, in terms of the total number of myelinated axons, the frequencies of different diameters of myelinated axons, the number of unmyelinated axons, and the ratios of unmyelinated to myelinated axons. Approximately 70% of all myelinated axons were of less than 5 micron diameter and, with the exception of two of sixteen nerves examined by light microscopy, all distributions were unimodal. The distributions of the two nerves of other than unimodal distribution were each characterised by a second, small peak of axon diameters ranging between 9 and 14 microns. Unmyelinated axons counted in five nerves suggested that approximately 72% of all axons of a given nerve were unmyelinated, giving a ratio of about 2.5 unmyelinated to 1.0 myelinated axon. PMID- 7130049 TI - The musculature of the mystacial vibrissae of the white mouse. AB - Striated muscles of the mystacial region of the common albino mouse have been described. They were divided into two categories: extrinsic and intrinsic. The four extrinsic muscles (m. levator labii superioris, m. maxillolabialis, m. transversus nasi, m. nasalis) belong to the facial muscles. They originate on the skull and insert into the corium between the mystacial vibrissae. Their contraction moves the whole mystacial region in directions dependent on their origins. Intrinsic (follicular) muscles are associated solely with the vibrissal follicles and have no bony attachment. They were found around follicles alpha, beta, gamma, delta, around all follicles of rows A and B, and around the first six follicles of rows C, D and E. The form of the follicular muscle is a sling connecting two adjacent follicles of the same row. The arc of the sling surrounds the inferior part of the rostral follicle and the two extremities insert to the conical body of the caudal follicle and to the neighbouring corium. They are the protractors of the vibrissae. The inferior parts of the vibrissal follicles of a given row are fixed in a fibrous band which inserts in the anterior part of the muzzle. It is proposed that these bands become stretched during the protraction of vibrissae and contract, by their elasticity, immediately upon the end of the follicular muscles' contraction, executing the fast return of vibrissae to their resting, retracted position. PMID- 7130050 TI - The submucosal glands and the orientation of the musculature in the oesophagus of the camel. AB - The histological structure of the oesophagus of the camel in different parts of its course was investigated with tissues from seven camels, and with haematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome stain. Gross dissections confirmed the orientation of the muscle fibres in the tunica muscularis. The epithelium showed heavy cornification. Many submucosal mucous glands were found throughout the length and all round the wall of the oesophagus. This was contrary to what has been reported generally for ruminants. The lamina muscularis mucosae was in the form of small scattered strands of smooth muscle (more readily identifiable with trichrome stain) and only in the caudal oesophagus. It did not form a continuous layer here. The tunica muscularis was of striated type throughout which agreed with what has been found in the other ruminants. Its fibres, however, were differently oriented. The outer tunica was mainly circular (especially in the mid thoracic part) and the inner one was mainly longitudinal in direction. Mixed orientation of the muscle fibres in parts of the same section was also noticed. These findings have not been reported previously in the camel. PMID- 7130053 TI - SEM analysis of body hairs and whiskers of heterozygous tortoiseshell (Moto/+) female mice (Mus musculus). AB - Back hairs of +/+ and Moto/+ female Mus musculus generally exhibited identical form when examined by SEM. However, the hair shafts of Moto/+ female mice were beaded in appearance (monilethrix), twisted (pili torti) or exhibited a rough nodular appearance. Also, some hairs of Moto/+ female mice which were devoid of pigment appeared enlarged and bitubular. The whiskers of +/+ and Moto/+ female mice were identical in form. The hair abnormalities of Moto/+ female mice resulted from a copper deficiency and were similar to those hair anomalies observed in other mottled mice and in copper-deficient crinkled mice. PMID- 7130054 TI - Localization of Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein in the normal rat kidney and the effect of adrenalectomy on its localization in the hamster and rat kidney. AB - Immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques were used to study the localization of Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein in the normal rat kidney. In the fluorescence microscopical preparations, the glycoprotein was observed in the thick ascending limbs of the loops of Henle and distal convoluted tubules and was thus, in general, similar to our earlier observations on the hamster and man. The situation in the maculae densae was, however, somewhat different, for in the rat the majority of them were seen to possess Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein on the luminal surfaces of their cells and only a small proportion resembled the hamster and man in lacking it. These observations were confirmed by the immuno-electron microscope technique. Furthermore, it was shown that in the thick ascending limbs and distal convoluted tubules, Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein is associated with the total plasma membrane systems of its cells. Thus it appears that Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein is confined to that part of the nephron responsible for the process of urine dilution. As this function is, at least in part, regulated by adrenal cortical hormones, the effect of adrenalectomy on the distribution of the glycoprotein was studied. The results obtained showed varying degrees of disappearance of Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein in the kidneys of adrenalectomized hamsters, initially from the distal convoluted tubules and later from the thick ascending limbs. In the rat, on the other hand, the effect of adrenalectomy on Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein was much less pronounced, possibly due to the presence of secondary adrenal tissue. The possible physiological significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 7130051 TI - The ultrastructure of the centroacinar cells within the pancreas of the starling (Sturnus vulgaris). AB - Tissues from the dorsal lobe of the pancreas of 8 starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) were examined electron microscopically using conventionally prepared samples. Centroacinar cells were distinguished from exocrine pancreas cells by differences in size, shape, distribution, position and zymogen granule content. The centroacinar cells closely resembled ductal cells and were separated from them only by position. Both electron-lucent and electron-dense forms of centroacinar cells were observed. Centroacinar cells show a prominent single nucleus, often displaying at least one nucleolus, surrounded by cytoplasm in which lies a spectrum of both primary and secondary lysosomes, mitochondria which appear to have some tubulovesicular cristae amongst the predominating transverse cristae, a sparse para- or supranuclear Golgi apparatus, and variable populations of ribosomes and profiles of both rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Cell surface features include microvilli, 'blebs' and the occasional single cilium. Centroacinar cells are believed to be involved in electrolyte secretion although, from a study of their ultrastructure, the absence of beta cytomembranes with numerous mitochondria in their neighbourhood, would appear to contra-indicate the maintenance of an osmotic gradient between the extracellular fluid and any secretory product. PMID- 7130052 TI - Development of horse embryos up to twenty two days after ovulation: observations on fresh specimens. AB - Forty nine embryos, twenty unfertilized eggs and five other fresh eggs of 'doubtful' status have been recovered from 58 pony mares in 122 flushes up to 22 days after ovulation. The fresh egg or embryo recovery rate was 78% with surgical methods (or at slaughter) and 40-60% with non-surgical methods of recovery. The fertilization rate was about 70%. It has been confirmed that horse embryos normally enter the uterus as blastocysts 5-6 days after ovulation. Three features of early embryo morphology have become clearer upon comparison with unfertilized eggs of similar ages; early embryos are often ellipsoidal in shape; dispersal of most of a thick gel coat seems to be hastened by fertilization; gradual disappearance of refractile granules from the perivitelline space is similar in fertilized and unfertilized eggs. A tense, transparent, acellular capsule (considered to be different from the zona pellucida) is acquired by the spherical blastocysts within the uterus and persists at least until a diameter of 34 mm is attained (at 21 days in the present series). The capsule seems to be analogous, in part, with the 'neozona' described in rabbit blastocyst before attachment, and trophoblastic cells appear to be involved in its formation. Cleavage stages of oviductal embryos and diameters of uterine blastocysts from this series have been described and illustrated and used to extend previous knowledge of early growth patterns in horse embryos. PMID- 7130055 TI - Changes in the appearance of venography after ligation of a varicocele. PMID- 7130056 TI - Adrenaline-, noradrenaline- and small granule- containing cells in the adrenal gland of Discoglossus pictus (Amphibia, Anura). AB - In the adrenal gland of Discoglossus pictus, various types of chromaffin cells are described: noradrenaline cells, adrenaline cells and small granule-containing cells (on the basis of electron density and shape of the granules). The chromaffin cells occur in small groups, and have cytoplasmic processes which may surround them in the form of parallel layers. Their nerve supply is sparse. The possible function of SGC-cells, in relation to those described in other vertebrates, is discussed. PMID- 7130057 TI - A functional-morphological study of the tidemark region of articular cartilage maintained in a non-viable physiological condition. AB - Composite samples consisting of articular and calcified cartilage maintained in a non-viable physiological condition have been subjected to static compression using a system of simultaneous micromechanical testing and interference light microscopy. This, combined with transmission electron microscopy following glutaraldehyde fixation of the tissue under sustained load, has provided a unique observation of the response of the collagen framework in the tidemark region of articular cartilage to sustained compression loading. The tidemark in mature articular cartilage is seen to be highly variable in its morphological features, when viewed ultrastructurally. It incorporates variable amounts of internal stress which are relieved when the articular cartilage is separated from the calcified cartilage. Deformation of the articular cartilage can terminate abruptly at the tidemark. There is no evidence that the tidemark or calcified cartilage provided an intermediate layer between the complaint articular cartilage and the rigid subchondral bone. However, morphological evidence presented suggests that a smooth transfer of stress from the complaint to the rigid tissues could be achieved through changes in orientation and packing density of the collagen fibres in the articular cartilage adjacent to the tidemark. A variety of morphological responses of the collagen framework was observed in the tidemark region of articular cartilage following static compressive loading. In any given region, these responses were determined by (a) the local form and orientation of the tidemark; (b) the organisation of the collagen fibres; (c) the position of this region with respect to the compressive anvil. No evidence was obtained which suggested that the collagen fibres near the tidemark had a predominantly tensile role during direct compression. The observed process of compaction and collapse via a 'crimp' formation is clearly non tensile. However, deformation involving lateral shear in regions nearer the extremities of joint contact would require that the collagen fibres provide an anchoring role and thus be subjected to tensile loading. PMID- 7130058 TI - Comparative morphometry of the nasal cavity in rats and mice. AB - The distribution of the various epithelial types lining the nasal cavity in normal 7 and 16 weeks old male Fischer-344 rats and male B6C3F1 mice has been mapped at the light microscopic level. Photographs of transverse sections of the nose were analysed using a Zeiss Videoplan computerized image analysis system programmed for measurement and evaluation of count, area, perimeter and length. In rats, the volumes of the nasal cavity at 7 and 16 weeks are 156 and 257 mm3 respectively; while in mice the nasal cavity volume is essentially the same (32 . 5 and 31 . 5 mm3) at the same two ages. Total surface areas of the nasal cavity in rats at 7 and 16 weeks are 799 and 1344 mm2 respectively; and in mice 278 and 289 mm2. The percentages of the nasal cavity surface lined by squamous, respiratory and olfactory epithelium are similar at both ages in both species. Applications and significance of these data are discussed. PMID- 7130059 TI - A quantitative study of vascularisation of the prenatal rabbit spinal cord. AB - Vascularisation of the fetal rabbit spinal cord was studied by quantitative histology. From E12 to E16 blood vessels were most numerous in the ependymal layer of the cord. Two rapid phases of vascularisation of the grey matter were found. The first, between E14 and E16, was followed by a period when the percentage vascularisation remained fairly constant until the second began at E24. The second rapid phase lasted until E28. In the ventral and lateral white matter the percentage vascularity was fairly constant from E16 until E24. There was a rapid increase in vascularity between E24 and E26. From E26 to E30 the percentage vascularity in the ventral and lateral grey matter was constant. The increase in vascularity from E24 coincided with the onset of myelination in the ventral white matter. The percentage vascularity in the dorsal columns seemed to increase steadily between E24 and E28 but this was somewhat confused due to the presence of large veins in the dorsal columns. PMID- 7130061 TI - Effects of creep feeding and monensin on reproductive performance and lactation of beef heifers. AB - A 23 factorial arrangement of treatments was utilized to determine the effect of breed, creep feeding and monensin on subsequent reproductive performance and lactation of 32 primiparous heifers. One-half of each breed (Angus and Hereford) group had access to creep feed (2.67 Mcal metabolizable energy/kg) while nursing their dams. Approximately 40 d before breeding through 120 d of lactation, all heifers were fed a suboptimal energy diet and 50% of each breed and creep group received 200 mg monensin/head daily. Estrus was synchronized with a progestogen. Volatile fatty acids (VFA) were determined periodically throughout the monensin feeding portion of the experiment. Twenty-four hour milk production, percentage butterfat and percentage solids-not-fat were determined at 60 and 120 d postpartum. Weaning weights (adjusted to 205 d and for age of dam) of the original heifers were heavier (P less than .05) for those that were creep fed compared with those not creep fed (219 vs 202 kg). Monensin-supplemented females gained significantly more weight from the initiation of treatment to immediately postcalving and gave birth to heavier calves (P less than .05) even though they received comparable amounts of dietary energy as those that did not receive monensin. The energy stressed, monensin-supplemented first-calf heifers exhibited a shorter postpartum interval (P less than .05) to first estrus than did those that did not receive monensin (55.7 vs 69.1 d, respectively). First-calf heifers that had been creep fed while nursing their dams had a lower (P less than .05) daily milk yield at 120 d post-partum than those that did not have access to creep feed. No detrimental effects were observed due to long-term monensin supplementation. PMID- 7130060 TI - The rete testis of birds. AB - The rete testis in the domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus), Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica), guinea-fowl (Numida meleagris galeata) and drake (Anas platyrhynchos) was studied histologically and with both the scanning and transmission electron microscopes. All the birds have rete epithelial cells varying between squamous and high cuboidal. A cilium-like structure projects from the luminal portion of most cells into the rete lumen, and the outline of the cells varies from polygonal to elongate. Sparse, stubby microvilli were concentrated on the cell borders. Ultrastructural features suggest only moderate secretory and absorptive activities in the cells. The rete testis of birds is amply supplied with blood as well as lymphatic vessels and nerves. Intraepithelial lymphocytes form part of the rete epithelium, and macrophages are present in large numbers in the rete lumen of the domestic fowl and drake and, to a lesser degree, also in the rete epithelium of the drake. PMID- 7130062 TI - Maternal influences on growth of twin and single calves. AB - Milk production was measured at 28-d intervals by the calf weight change method in 30 dams with twins and in 28 dams with single calves. Average adjusted 170-d weaning weights for twins were between 41 and 38 kg less than for singles (depending on linear contrast). Yet dams with twins weaned between 91 and 97 kg more calf and produced substantially more milk. Significant dam breed and parity differences in calf growth and weaning weight were observed among twins. Dam breeds ranked in the order of decreasing productivity were Hereford-Angus crossbred, Angus and Hereford. Cows outproduced heifers. Among singles, such differences were small. As indicated by linear contrasts, maternal effects were larger in twins than in singles; however, these differences were generally not significant. Only milk production in the first half of lactation by dams with twins was found to be a significant predictor of calf growth and weaning weight. For every 1-kg increase in 6-h milk production in early lactation, 170-d adjusted weaning weight of twins increased (P less than .01) by 18.8 kg. Among singles, regression estimates for growth on milk yield were small and nonsignificant. PMID- 7130063 TI - Genetic, environmental and phenotypic relationships among gestation length, birth weight, growth traits and age at first calving in beef cattle. AB - Data on the Red Angus, Angus and Hereford herds of Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc., Des Moines, Iowa, collected from 1968 to 1976, were analyzed for relationships among gestation length, birth weight, prenatal gain (birth weight adjusted for gestation length), growth traits and age at first calving. A total of 5,691 calf records, 1,783 listing gestation length, were included in the study. Paternal half-sib analyses and least-squares procedures were used to compute heritability estimates and genetic, environmental and phenotypic correlations among traits. Genetic correlations among growth traits, including prenatal gain, were high in all cases. Heritability estimates for gestation length and birth weight were .36 and .43, respectively, for bull calves and .37 and .35 for heifer calves. Genetic correlations between these traits were .25 and .22 for bull and heifer calves, respectively. Gestation length was negatively correlated (genetically) with all growth traits except birth weight. This result suggests that faster growing fetuses may trigger parturition earlier than average. Age at first calving was negatively correlated (genetically) with growth traits, indicating a favorable relationship between growth and early reproduction. Analysis of several selection indexes combining either birth weight and yearling weight or gestation length and yearling weight indicated that continued response to selection for growth without excessive increase in birth weight is feasible. Selection for growth and moderate birth weight would be more effective than selection for growth and shorter gestation, suggesting that the former method would both shorten gestation and alter the growth curve. Repeatability estimates for gestation length and birth weight were .20 and .22, respectively. Maternal effects accounted for approximately 10% of the variation in each trait. PMID- 7130064 TI - Influence of energy intake during lactation on the interval from weaning to first estrus in sows. AB - A total of 191 crossbred sows were used to determine the effect of energy intake during one lactation on (1) sow and pig performance and (2) the percentage of sows in estrus by 7, 14, 21 and 70 d postweaning. Sows received 8 (Lo) or 16 (Hi) Mcal of metabolizable energy (ME)/d (Exp. 1 and 2) and 8 (Lo), 12 (Md) or 16 (Hi) Mcal of Me/d (Exp. 3) during a 28-d lactation period. All sows were fed an equal amount of crude protein, vitamins and minerals that met or exceeded the recommendations of the National Research Council. Each day after weaning, sows were fed 1.8 kg of a 14% crude protein diet and checked for estrus using boars. Serum samples were obtained weekly from sows not detected in estrus by 15 d postweaning for progesterone analysis. In Exp. 1 sows fed Lo lost more (P less than .01) weight and backfat, and weaned lighter weight (P less than .01) pigs than sows fed Hi. Fewer sows fed Lo exhibited estrus (P less than .01) by 7, 14, 12 and 70 d postweaning than sows fed Hi. In Exp. 2, sows fed Lo lost more (P less than .01) weight and backfat than sows fed Hi, but pig weaning weights did not differ. Fewer sows fed Lo expressed estrus by 7 d (P less than .01) postweaning than those fed Hi. In Exp. 3 sow weight and backfat loss decreased (P less than .01) linearly as energy intake increased. Pig weaning weights were not affected by energy intake. Fewer sows fed Lo expressed estrus (P less than or equal to .05) by 7, 14, 21 and 70 d postweaning than those fed Md and Hi. There was no difference in the percentage of sows fed Md or Hi that exhibited estrus by these time periods. Blood samples collected on d 110 of gestation and d 14 and 26 of lactation, indicated that energy intake did not influence hematocrit values, total serum protein or albumin concentrations. A significant energy intake by time interaction was observed for serum blood urea N. Three of the 25 sows bled for progesterone analysis had luteal tissue activity suggesting ovulation had occurred even in the absence of a detected behavioral estrus. PMID- 7130066 TI - Effects of contrasting photoperiods and temperatures on performance traits of confinement-reared ewe lambs. AB - The effects of contrasting photoperiods (16L:8D vs 8L:16D) and ambient temperatures (5 C vs 18 C vs 31 C) on performance traits of ewe lambs have been evaluated. Seventy-two lambs were paired and allotted to one of six treatment groups in a 2 x 3 factorial experiment. The lambs were fed a pelleted diet ad libitum. throughout the 14-wk study (i.e., as lambs progressed from 12 to 26 wk of age). Analysis of performance and carcass data showed that both photoperiod and temperature affected growth rate (P less than .01), feed intake (P less than .01), final weight (P less than .01) and carcass weight (P less than .01). Although feed efficiency tended to be greater for lambs exposed to the 16L:8D photoperiod, this characteristic was not affected significantly. An interaction between photoperiod and temperature was not observed for growth rate, final weight or carcass weight. Final weight and carcass weight for lambs in the six treatment groups were: 52.5 and 27.7 kg for 16L:8D, 5 C; 49.2 and 25.8 kg for 8L:16D, 5 C; 48.1 and 25.3 kg for 16L:8D, 18 C; 45.2 and 23.5 kg for 8L:16D, 18 C; 42.0 and 21.1 kg for 16L:8D, 31 C and 36.0 and 17.4 kg for 8L:16D, 31 C. Carcass merit, including quality and yield, was not affected (P greater than .05) by treatment. Whereas serum prolactin concentrations were elevated in lambs exposed to the 16L:8D photoperiod, an interaction (P less than .01) between photoperiod and temperature was found. Wool growth was similar for lambs exposed to 16L:8D and 8L:16D photoperiods, but was reduced (P less than .05) by exposure to increasing environmental temperatures. These results suggest that environmental temperature and photoperiod independently contribute to the growth and performance of confinement-reared ewe lambs and that each of these variables can be adjusted to optimize the efficiency of lamb production. PMID- 7130067 TI - Puberty in beef bulls: acrosome morphology and semen quality in bulls of different breeds. AB - Semen characteristics were evaluated every 2 wk from 7 through 13 mo of age in 31 beef bulls representing six breed groups (Hereford, Angus, Hereford x Angus crossbreeds, Angus x Hereford crossbreds, Red Poll and Brown Swiss). Breeds differed in age at puberty, defined as the age at which an ejaculate was first obtained that contained a minimum of 50 x 10(6) total spermatozoa with at least 10% progressive motility (Hereford, 326 +/- 9 d; Angus, 295 +/- 4 d; Hereford x Angus, 300 +/- 8 d; Angus x Hereford, 296 +/- 9 d; Red Poll, 283 +/- 9 d and Brown Swiss, 264 +/- 9 d). Significant breed differences also were observed in concentration of spermatozoa, progressive motility, seminal protein concentration, abnormal spermatozoa and acrosomal morphology. Considerable variation was observed for the majority of pubertal traits among the 31 bulls, indicating that differences in stage of pubertal development existed among and within breeds of beef bulls between 7 and 13 mo of age. However, adjustment of data to age at puberty negated breed differences (P greater than .10), indicating that the pubertal patterns of change occurring in each semen characteristic were similar for the breeds evaluated. Concentration of spermatozoa, progressive motility, seminal protein concentration, percentage spermatozoa with normal head and tail morphology and percentage spermatozoa with normal acrosomal morphology increased (P less than .01) from puberty through 16 wk after puberty in all bulls and all breds. During the first 6 wk after puberty, rapid increases (P less than .01) were observed in percentage spermatozoa exhibiting normal head morphology (excluding acrosomes) and progressive motility, and a rapid decrease (P less than .01) was observed in percentage spermatozoa with proximal cytoplasmic droplets, with values at +6 wk approaching those reported for mature bulls. Percentage spermatozoa with normal acrosomal morphology and concentration of spermatozoa improved more slowly and had not reached mature levels by 16 wk after puberty. Because age at puberty varied by 62 d among breeds and 88 d among bulls and important characteristics of semen quality improved slowly after puberty, careful evaluation of the stage of pubertal development in individual bulls is recommended before selecting young bulls for natural breeding or artificial insemination. Additional investigations are needed to define the patterns of pubertal development through sexual maturity in beef bulls and to establish relationships to fertility. PMID- 7130065 TI - Toxicologic studies with swine fed corn grown on municipal sewage sludge-amended soil. AB - Over a 3-yr period 336 MT/ha of dried sewage sludge, from a municipal waste treatment plant, was applied in liquid form to land subsequently used to grow corn. The sludge contained 115 mg Cd, 4,200 mg Zn and 538 mg Ni/kg dry matter and comprised the solids remaining after treatment of the waste waters of approximately 260 industries as well as domestic users. Corn grain harvested from the plot amended with sewage sludge (SA corn) or corn grown on a plot without sludge addition (control corn) was fed to a total of 56 pigs to determine the effect on growth performance and parameters indicative of toxicity. Each treatment consisted of seven pens of four pigs each with an average initial weight of 17.6 kg. The growth trial was terminated when pigs weighed approximately 90 kg. No differences were observed between treatment groups for average daily gain, feed: gain ratio or daily feed intake. Higher (P less than .01) concentrations of Cd, Ni and Zn were found in SA corn compared with the control corn. This resulted in higher (P less than .01) concentrations of Cd in kidney and liver and Ni in kidney of pigs fed SA corn as compared with pigs fed control corn. No significant differences were observed in Cd or Ni concentrations in muscle or in hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidase (MFO) activity and liver:body weight ratios, which is indicative of the absence or low levels of organic toxicants in SA corn. In addition, no significant treatment effects were observed when corn, feces and urine samples were evaluated for the presence of mutagenic substances. Histopathologic analysis of various tissues for lesions demonstrated that pigs fed SA corn were not adversely affected. PMID- 7130068 TI - Local and systemic effects of intrauterine estradiol-17 beta on luteal function of nonpregnant sows. AB - This study was conducted to determine if intrauterine injections of estradiol-17 beta (E2 beta) could maintain luteal function in nonpregnant sows. Eight sows were assigned to surgery on d 8 or 9 of the estrous cycle (first day of estrus = d 0). At surgery, cannulas were inserted bilaterally into the uterine artery (UA) and common utero-ovarian vein (UOV), as well as into the lumen of each isolated uterine horn. Electromagnetic blood flow transducers were placed around the middle uterine artery supplying each horn of four sows. After surgery, sows were assigned randomly to receive either intrauterine injections of vehicle (.9% NaCl) into both uterine horns (control sows) or E2 beta into one uterine horn (375 ng/injection) and vehicle into the other (treated sows) every 6 h from 1200 h on d 11 to 1200 h on d 15. Uterine blood flow (UBF) was quantified, and blood was sampled from the UA and UOV, periodically, from d 11 to 18. On d 18, sows were ovariectomized and corpora lutea (CL) were weighed. Blood plasma was subsequently analyzed for progesterone (P4) and prostaglandin F (PGF) by radioimmunoassay. Control sows had smaller (P less than .05) CL than treated sows on d 18 (3,046 +/ 614 vs 4,451 +/- 324 mg). Progesterone concentrations in UOV blood of treated sows tended to increase from d 11 (469 +/- 110 ng/ml) to 18 (626 +/- 209 ng/ml) while P4 in UOV blood of control sows decreased markedly (P less than .01) from d 11 (579 +/- 79 ng/ml) to 18 (14 +/- 5 ng/ml). In addition, UOV P4 concentrations on the E2-beta-injected side of treated sows were higher (P less than .05) than those on the vehicle-injected side from d 14 to 18. The UBF of two treated sows increased eightfold to 10-fold within 12 h of the first E2 beta injection and remained elevated through d 17, while UBF of two control sows remained constant. Prostaglandin F concentrations in UOV blood of treated sows were lower (P less than .05) than in UOV blood of control sows on d 14 and 15. There was no effect of side of E2 beta injection on PGF concentrations, which were similar in UOV blood draining both uterine horns of treated sows. Thus, the local effect of E2 beta in stimulating P4 secretion by the ipsilateral ovary is not due to reduced PGF concentrations in UOV blood draining the E2 beta-injected horn. PMID- 7130069 TI - Comparison of N,N-dimethyldodecanamine with antibiotics on in vitro cellulose digestion and volatile fatty acid production by ruminal microorganisms. AB - Eleven antibiotic compounds used in animal production, were compared with N,N dimethyldodecanamine for their effects on in vitro cellulose digestibility and VFA production. Dose-response data were analyzed statistically to determine the concentration for each compound which would inhibit cellulose digestion of VFA production by 50%, thereby providing a convenient reference point for evaluation of the amine with respect to the antibiotics. Chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline and penicillin inhibited cellulose digestion by 17 to 35% and VFA production by 18 to 26% at concentrations of 2.5 micrograms/ml, while N,N-dimethyldodecanamine and dihydrostreptomycin at concentrations of 10 micrograms/ml inhibited cellulose digestion and VFA production by 5 to 19%. For similar inhibitive effects, bacitracin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, sulfanilamide and sulfathiazole were required in concentrations of 25 micrograms/ml. Tylosin at a concentration of 1 microgram/ml inhibited cellulose digestion and VFA production by about 80 and 50%, respectively, and monensin was effective at 5 micrograms/ml. In general, compounds of lesser importance for growth promotion in ruminants (sulfathiazole, sulfanilamide and kanamycin) had a less inhibitory effect on cellular digestion and VFA production in vitro. N,N-dimethyldodecanamine was more effective than these compounds but repressed cellulolytic activity less than those antibiotics (chlortetracycline, oxytetraxycline and monensin) that are most effective in improving feed efficiency. PMID- 7130070 TI - Renal function and magnesium clearance in young and old cows given potassium chloride and sodium citrate. AB - Six young (3 yr old) and six old (8 to 11 yr old) cows were used to examine renal function, KCl and sodium citrate effects on Mg clearance rate and the relation of parathyroid hormone (PTH) to Mg reabsorption. The treatments were 1.5 g KCl/kg body weight (BW) and 1.5 g Na citrate/kg BW. Inulin and p-aminohippuric acid (PAH) clearance rates were used as measures of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF), respectively, in control cows on each treatment day. Creatinine clearance rate was also used as a measure of GFR in all cows. Magnesium loading (2.4 mg/kg BW) through continuous intrajugular infusion of MgCl2 facilitated the measurement of changes in Mg clearance rate and reabsorption due to treatment. Inulin and creatinine clearance rates were not different as measures of GFR, and there were no differences in ERPF between young and old cows. Old cows had lower (P less than .05) GFR, creatinine to PAH clearance ratios and tubular reabsorption of Mg than young cows. Intraruminal infusion of KCl and Na citrate increased (P less than .05) the GFR. Potassium chloride increased plasma K concentration (P less than .001), plasma K clearance rate (P less than .002), plasma Na clearance rate (P less than .03), plasma Mg concentration (P less than .05), net tubular reabsorption of Mg (P less than .02), maximum tubular reabsorption of Mg (P less than .002) and plasma PTH concentration (P less than .03). Plasma Mg clearance rate was increased only by Na citrate (P less than .05). These results suggest a possible relationship between age, renal function, Mg antagonists and PTH in Mg homeostasis and in the etiology of hypomagnesemic tetany. PMID- 7130071 TI - Job stress among school administrators: factorial dimensions and differential effects. PMID- 7130072 TI - Quantitative determination of I-131, Cs-137, and Ba-140 in milk: collaborative studies. AB - The official method for Cs-137 in milk by gamma-ray spectroscopy was extended to include I-131 and Ba-140. A collaborative study was performed on this method applied to I-131 concentration in cow's milk; the original collaborative study of the method including all 3 nuclides was reviewed. In the I-131 study, 1 aliquot of a milk sample containing 82 pCi/L was sent to each of 60 laboratories for triplicate analyses. From 40 responses, the mean of the reported values was 81.6 pCi/L, indicating a method bias below the 5% statistical detectability limit. Within- and between-laboratory coefficients of variation (CVs) were 7 and 8%, respectively. In the 3-nuclide study, 2 samples were sent to 25 laboratories for triplicate analyses; one sample contained 633, 305, and 515 pCi/L, respectively, of I-131, Cs-137, and Ba-140 and the other contained 98, 52, and 72 pCi/L. For the high-activity sample, within-laboratory CVs were 4-5% for the 3 nuclides and between-laboratory CVs were 4-7%. For the low-activity sample, the corresponding results were 6-9% and 8-16%. The method bias was statistically significant at 95% confidence only for Cs-137 in the high-activity sample; reported results were 3% below the known concentration. The extended method was adopted official first action. PMID- 7130073 TI - Inhibition of chlortetracycline activity by magnesium ions. AB - Up to 50% of the antimicrobial activity of chlortetracycline (CTC) can be inhibited by the presence of MgSO4 in microbiological turbidimetric assays. From 50 to 200 mM MgSO4 inhibited CTC activity, and the relationship between CTC inhibition and MgSO4 concentration is linear. The possible mechanism of this inhibition and its potential implication are discussed. PMID- 7130074 TI - Rapid gas-liquid chromatographic method for determination of sulfamethazine in swine feed. AB - A gas-liquid chromatographic method is described for the quantitative determination of trace amounts of sulfamethazine in swine feed. Sulfamethazine is extracted in ammoniated acetone and isolated from other extractants on a Sephadex LH-20 column. The eluate is methylated with diazomethane and evaporated to dryness. The residue is dissolved in a solvent containing an internal standard of methyl sulfasymazine before being injected onto an OV-25 GLC column. An estimation of precision was established by assaying 10 sets of swine feed fortified with 0.5, 1,2, and 5 ppm SMZ. Mean recoveries were 96.0, 94.3, 93.5, and 94.0%, respectively, with an average coefficient of variation of 3.07%. The critical steps and ruggedness of the method were also determined. PMID- 7130075 TI - Drug quality assessment methods. I. Gas-liquid chromatographic assay and identification of seven barbiturates. AB - A gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) procedure has been developed for the assay and identification of amobarbital, butabarbital, heptabarbital, mephobarbital, pentobarbital, phenobarbital, and secobarbital in single component capsule, elixir, injectable, suppository, and tablet formulations. After extraction into chloroform from an acidified aqueous mixture of the product, the drug is eluted isothermally from a methylphenylsilicone GLC column at 210 or 240 degrees C and quantitated relative to thiamylal internal standard. Results were in good agreement with those obtained using pharmacopeial assay methods. The method is suitable for the rapid assessment of commercial formulations. PMID- 7130076 TI - Differential pulse polarographic determination of iodine in thyroid tablets: collaborative study. AB - A differential pulse polarographic (DPP) method for the determination of iodine in thyroid and thyroid preparations was collaboratively studied by 8 laboratories. The overall concentration of iodine in commercial thyroid tablets containing 1/4, 1,2, and 5 gr. of declared thyroid was 0.196%. The overall repeatability and reproducibility standard deviations were 0.0043 and 0.0067, respectively, and the corresponding coefficients of variation were 2.18 and 3.41%, respectively. The results obtained by the DPP method agreed with those obtained by the U.S. Pharmacopeia XX method at the various concentrations of declared thyroid studied. The DPP method has been adopted official first action. PMID- 7130077 TI - High performance liquid chromatographic determination of primidone in tablets. AB - A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method is described for the quantitative determination of primidone in tablets. A ground tablet sample is diluted directly in the mobile phase, at a concentration of about 1 mg/mL of primidone, mixed and deaerated, and filtered. The resulting solution is then quantitated by HPLC. The average spike recoveries for the 50 mg and 250 mg tablets were 101.2% and 99.0%, respectively. The average recovery for an authentic mixture formulated at the 250 mg level was 100.1% with a relative standard deviation of 0.45%. PMID- 7130078 TI - Gas chromatographic determination of primary and secondary amines as pentafluorobenzamide derivatives. AB - An analytical method is described for the determination of mono- and dialkylamines in foodstuffs. Amines are derivatized to their pentafluorobenzamides which may be separated by gas chromatography (GC) and determined using an N-P detector. Analysis of the derivatives by GC-mass spectrometry indicated they were all mono-substituted. The amines were isolated from foodstuffs by alkaline distillation of greater than or equal to 75% sample volume. The distribution of dimethylamine (DMA) in distillate volumes indicated 2 maxima from barley and malt, which could represent 2 or more sources of DMA. DMA concentrations of 6.6-8.8 ppm in barley, 11 ppm in malt, and 1.2 ppm in beer are higher than previously reported. PMID- 7130079 TI - Extraction of light filth from rice flours, extruded rice products, and rice paper: collaborative study. AB - Two new methods were developed for the extraction of rodent hairs and insect fragments from rice products: one for rice flour and one for extruded rice products and rice paper. A 100 g sample of rice flour was extracted with mineral oil-40% isopropanol, followed by a water phase as needed for additional cycles. For extruded rice products and rice paper, a 225 g sample of each was initially extracted as above, followed by a single extraction with mineral oil-20% isopropanol. Both methods used an acid hydrolysis pretreatment followed by wet sieving and a percolator extraction. Average rodent hair recoveries were 77.8% for rice flour and 82.2% for extruded rice products and rice paper. Average insect fragment recoveries were 89.6% for rice flour and 91.9% for extruded rice products and rice paper. Both methods were adopted official first action. PMID- 7130080 TI - Defatting technique for two ground spices using simple reflux apparatus: collaborative study. AB - A solvent defatting technique was tested for 2 spices which require the same extraction process but different defatting agents. For turmeric, which uses isopropanol as the defatting agent, recoveries of rodent hair and insect fragments were not significantly different from those in the original collaborative study, and this technique is recommended as an alternative to AOAC method 44.122(a). However, for oregano, which uses chloroform as the defatting agent, recoveries of insect fragments were significantly lower by the reflux method. An alternative chloroform pretreatment for oregano, therefore, is not recommended for AOAC 44.122(b). It is suggested that reflux action defatting techniques be considered during the developmental stages of new methods. The technique has been adopted official first action for turmeric. PMID- 7130081 TI - Howard mold count of fruit nectars, purees, and pastes: collaborative study. AB - The various mold count methods for nectars, purees, and pastes make no adjustment for concentration of the pulped liquid. Thus, mold counts of different forms of the same product (e.g., guava nectar, puree, or paste) or of the same product from different manufacturers cannot be compared. A method was developed in which the product is centrifuged under standardized conditions, then diluted to a standard pellet-to-final-volume ratio. Because variations in the concentration of fruit or vegetable tissue are corrected, comparisons of mold counts are possible. The method was adopted official first action. PMID- 7130082 TI - Modified gas-liquid chromatographic method for determination of compound 1080 (sodium fluoroacetate). AB - A method capable of determining 0.1 ppm 1080 (sodium fluoroacetate) in 1 g animal tissue was developed. It involves extraction of 1080 from the sample with acetone water, and then evaporation of the acetone followed by extraction of 1080 as fluoroacetic acid from water with ethyl acetate. Ethyl acetate is removed by volatilization from fluoroacetic acid which is retained as the triethanolammonium fluoroacetate salt. Fluoroacetic acid is subsequently derivatized with alpha bromo-2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorotoluene and quantitated by gas-liquid chromatography with an electron capture detector. The method is rapid and requires no special apparatus or equipment and no more than 12 mL of any one solvent. Recoveries of 1080 from tissue samples fortified with 0.1-100 ppm averaged about 85%. PMID- 7130086 TI - Recovery of endogenous selenium from fish tissues by open system dry ashing. AB - Quantitative recovery of endogenous selenium from fish tissues following dry ashing techniques has not been confirmed. An open system dry ashing procedure, using oxidative fusion with Mg(NO3)2 X 6H2O in the presence of MgO, was tested for recovery of selenium from National Bureau of Standards (NBS) Reference Materials (tuna and oyster) and selected fish tissues. Recovery after dry ashing and hydride analysis was complete from NBS Bovine Liver, Tuna, and Oyster Tissues, as well as from Food and Drug Administration cod, haddock, perch, and flounder research materials. Endogenous selenium, injected into rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) as 75Se, was recovered after ashing from liver, ovaries, gastrointestinal tract, muscle, bile, and carcass, 3 and 10 days post-injection. Results indicate that open vessel oxidative fusion is a rapid, simple technique applicable to quantitative recovery of selenium from organoselenium compounds that exist in various aquatic species. The diluted digestate is readily amenable to conventional hydride generation analysis. PMID- 7130085 TI - Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid residues in mung bean sprouts. AB - A gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) method is described for determining 4 chlorophenoxyacetic acid (CPA) residues in mung bean sprouts. The residues were extracted from samples by using ethyl acetate followed by liquid-liquid partition into 5% NaHCO3 solution. After acidification and reextraction with ethyl acetate, CPA was reacted with pentafluorobenzyl bromide (PFB-Br) to form the PFB derivative. The reaction mixture was separated on a silica gel column to remove excess reagent, and the derivative was eluted with a solution of 75% toluene in hexane. GLC separations were performed on a 3% OV-1 column at 230 degrees C. As low as 10 pg CPA could be quantitated, which is equivalent to about 0.05 ppm at residue level, using an electron capture detector. Recoveries of CPA from fortified mung bean sprouts (0.05, 0.20, and 0.50 ppm) ranged from 71 to 107%. The PFB derivative was further identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. PMID- 7130083 TI - Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of fenvalerate insecticide residues in processed apple products and by-products. AB - Apples from trees treated in the field at 2-week intervals (9 foliar applications) with the synthetic pyrethroid insecticide fenvalerate (cyano(3 phenoxyphenyl) methyl 4-chloro-alpha-(1-methylethyl)-benzeneacetate) were processed into apple sauce, juice, pomace, and peels plus cores. Gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of the commodities for fenvalerate showed the sauce and juice to be essentially residue-free, the whole apples to contain about 0.4 ppm, and the pomace and peels plus cores to contain about 2 and 1.5 ppm, respectively. Agreement among 5 laboratories using modifications of the same basic method was good. PMID- 7130084 TI - Influence of various solvent-water mixtures on the extraction of dieldrin and methomyl residues from radishes. AB - The effect of organic solvent/water ratios on the extraction of field-incurred residues of dieldrin and methomyl from radishes was determined. 14C-Dieldrin and 14C-methomyl were applied separately to radishes in commercial formulations at rates of 0.2 and 0.9 kg/ha, respectively. Fourteen days post-application, the radishes were harvested and fresh root tissues were extracted using a Polytron homogenizer. Acetone, acetonitrile, and methanol containing 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% water were used as extraction solvents. For methomyl residues, the optimum water content of acetonitrile-water extraction mixtures was 40-50%; less than 40% water reduced the ability of acetonitrile to extract carbon-14. Methanol and acetone were nearly as efficient as 50% acetonitrile-water and were apparently not influenced by solvent/water ratios. For dieldrin, low water content slightly reduced the extraction efficiency of acetonitrile, with the optimum water content also being 40-50%. Percentage of water appeared to have little overall effect on methanol extraction efficiency. The extraction efficiency of acetone was lower than that of the other 2 solvents, and this effect was independent of the acetone/water ratio. Approximately 20% of the 14C dieldrin residue was bound to radish roots 14 days post-application. PMID- 7130087 TI - Hydride generation and condensation flame atomic absorption spectroscopic determination of antimony in raw coffee beans and processed coffee. AB - A method was developed for determining Sb at nanogram per gram levels in raw coffee beans and processed coffee. The procedure uses either total acid digestion or extraction with 6M HCl followed by hydride generation/condensation with subsequent revolatilization of stibine (SbH3) and detection by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. The lowest quantifiable level, based on a 2 g (dry weight) sample, is 2 ng Sb/g. The results of recoveries on spiked samples, precision studies on composited coffee samples, and the analysis of National Bureau of Standards Standard Reference Materials demonstrate the reliability and accuracy of the procedure. Sb concentrations in coffee samples were verified by neutron activation analysis and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Advantages of the method compared with the AOAC colorimetric procedure and hydride generation without condensation are discussed. PMID- 7130088 TI - Confirmatory method for N-nitrosodimethylamine and N-nitrosopyrrolidine in food by multiple ion analysis with gas chromatography-low resolution mass spectrometry before and after ultraviolet photolysis. AB - A confirmatory procedure is described for determining N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) in bacon, beer, and malt by gas chromatography-low resolution quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The presence of 3 monitored ions, m/z 30, 42, and 74 for NDMA, and m/z 30, 42, and 100 for NPYR, before and disappearance after photolysis under UV light at 365 nm without quantitation of peak areas was considered confirmatory evidence for their presence. The extracts, obtained by mineral oil distillation methods for bacon and malt, and dry column methods for bacon and beer, underwent cleanup procedures before capillary GC-MS analysis. Less than 100 ng nitrosamine in the total extract, or approximately 2 ng NDMA or 3 ng NPYR injected into the GC-MS instrument, can be confirmed by this method. This technique should also be applicable for other volatile nitrosamines. PMID- 7130090 TI - High pressure liquid chromatographic determination of bacitracin in premix feeds and finished feeds: collaborative study. AB - A liquid chromatographic technique for the determination of bacitracin in finished feeds and premix feeds consists of an isocratic reverse phase, ion suppressed technique. The chromatography can be completed in less than 25 min. In a collaborative study involving 9 laboratories and 3 samples of bacitracin methylene disalicylic acid and 3 samples of bacitracin zinc premixes covering the range of 10-50 g/lb, the repeatability standard deviation was 0.55, and the reproducibility standard deviation was 1.35. The average recovery of the bacitracin was 102.0%. The method has been adopted official first action for bacitracin in premix feeds. PMID- 7130089 TI - Cylinder plate assay for determining bacitracin in premix feeds and finished feeds: collaborative study. AB - A cylinder plate assay procedure was studied by 10 laboratories. For premix feeds, 3 samples of bacitracin methylene disalicylic acid and 3 samples of bacitracin zinc premixes covering the range of 10 to 50 g/lb were used. The repeatability standard deviation was 2.11, and the reproducibility standard deviation was 2.13. The average recovery of bacitracin was 101.5%. The method has been adopted official first action. For finished feeds, 6 samples of bacitracin methylene disalicylic acid and 6 samples of bacitracin zinc covering the range of 10 to 800 g/ton were used in the study. The procedure included a sample cleanup step using disposable reverse phase columns. This step appears to be the cause of the poor results reported by most collaborators. Continued study is needed to develop an acceptable method for finished feeds. PMID- 7130091 TI - Rapid screening assay for beta-lactam antibiotics in milk: collaborative study. AB - A 15 min assay for beta-lactam antibiotics has been used by dairies for several years as a screening procedure for testing milk tankers before they unload. The test is based on a competition between 14C-penicillin and beta-lactam antibiotics in the milk samples for sites on a microbial cell wall that specifically binds beta-lactam. In a collaborative study, 11 laboratories correctly distinguished 10 coded zero penicillin G samples and 10 coded 0.01 IU/mL samples. The proposed test is qualitative, positive or negative, and can detect the presence of beta lactam antibiotics at the 0.01 IU/mL level. The control point for determining positive or negative samples is more than 3 standard deviations from the mean of 0.01 IU/mL. The method has been adopted official first action. PMID- 7130092 TI - Qualitative ampule and multitest for beta-lactam residues in fluid milk products: collaborative study. AB - A collaborative study was performed on a rapid Bacillus stearothermophilus agar diffusion ampule method to detect low levels of penicillin G in 7 types of fluid milk products. A multitest technique for processing a large number of samples simultaneously was also studied. Slight modifications were made in the original method to establish more uniformity and to eliminate doubtful responses by specifying a confirmation procedure. Twenty samples spiked with penicillin G (0.000 to 0.008 IU/mL) and tetracycline hydrochloride were frozen and sent to 20 laboratories in the ampule test, and 16 laboratories in the multitest. Each analyst was asked to do a screening run and a confirmation run. Results were reported by color reaction and also as positive or negative for beta-lactam inhibitors. The concentrations (penicillin G) where percent positive results equal 100 or not significantly less than 100 (alpha = 0.05) ranged from 0.005 to 0.007 IU/mL in the ampule test and from 0.004 to 0.007 IU/mL in the multitest. Both techniques have been adopted official first action. PMID- 7130093 TI - Bacillus stearothermophilus disc assay for detection of inhibitors in milk: collaborative study. AB - A 2-part (A and B) collaborative study was conducted on a Bacillus stearothermophilus paper disc (12.7 mm) method to detect residual inhibitors in milk. The 18 participating collaborators assayed raw milk samples spiked with a beta-lactam (penicillin G). Of the 18 collaborators, 14 participated in part A and 16 in part B. Part A demonstrated that either Antibiotic Medium No. 4 or PM Indicator Agar is suitable for use in the assay. The lowest concentration detectable, not significantly different from 100% at the alpha = 0.05 level, was 0.008 unit/mL with either medium. Part B demonstrated that the sensitivity of the method is equal to that of the current AOAC method (16.131-16.136). The concentration of beta-lactam detected by 50% of the analysts was 0.003-0.005 unit/mL in this study, compared with 0.005 unit/mL reported in an earlier collaborative study on the current AOAC method. No false positive results were reported in part A or part B. All samples found positive by the confirmatory test in part B were correctly identified as a beta-lactam with commercial Penase discs. The lowest concentration detectable by the method, not significantly different from 100% at the alpha = 0.05 level, was 0.008 unit/mL. The method was adopted official first action. PMID- 7130095 TI - Analysis of fat-soluble vitamins. XXVII. High performance liquid chromatographic and gas-liquid chromatographic determination of vitamin D in fortified milk and milk powder: collaborative study. AB - A collaborative study of the high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for vitamin D in fortified milkpowder (skimmed and whole milk) and a milkpowder preparation was carried out on 182 samples distributed to 26 laboratories. Thirteen laboratories submitted results. The level of vitamin D was 2-7 IU vitamin D3/g milkpowder. All samples also contained vitamin A. Three laboratories were excluded from the statistical evaluation because of incomplete results or deviation from the analytical procedure. Other laboratories reported acceptable results. At the same time, 63 samples were distributed to 9 laboratories which used a gas-liquid chromatographic method for determining vitamin D in milkpowder. Only one laboratory reported results. The HPLC method has been adopted official first action. PMID- 7130096 TI - Development of a chemical information system. AB - The 10-year history of the development of the NIH-EPA Chemical Information System is described. The System grew from the cooperative efforts of several agencies of the federal government and now is publicly available on a fee-for-service basis on computers in the private sector. PMID- 7130094 TI - Analysis of fat-soluble vitamins. XXVI. High performance liquid chromatographic determination of vitamin D in fortified milk and milk powder. AB - Vitamin D is determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in samples containing other fat-soluble vitamins. The vitamin D in the unsaponifiable residue is extracted and separated from interferences by straight phase chromatography, and the fraction corresponding to vitamin D3 is collected and quantitated using the AOAC official final action HPLC method for vitamin D3. Analysis of a synthetic mixture gave reasonable recoveries. The method measures potential vitamin D3 content in milkpowder samples containing 2 IU vitamin D/g in the presence of all known vitamin D3 isomers, vitamin A, and vitamin E. PMID- 7130097 TI - Computer utilization in the Food and Drug Administration's bureau of foods mass spectrometry laboratory. AB - A network of computers is being used to support the Food and Drug Administration's Bureau of Foods mass spectrometry facility. Five mass spectrometers are each interfaced to at least 2 of the 6 dedicated minicomputers in the laboratory. This multiple interfacing provides data acquisition and processing backup, reducing the overall down-time. Selected data from all of the minicomputers can be sent to FDA's main computers via a digital cartridge tape recorder or paper tape. The digital cartridge tape recorder records data that are output from a minicomputer terminal and then plays it back on a terminal which is on-line with the main computer. This main computer stores and edits data; plots spectra for reports, data banks, and publications; and carries out some data processing. Multiple interfacing also serves to supplement the capabilities of the 8-year-old Finnigan MAT (formerly Varian MAT) SS-100 data system (Sperry Univac/V-76) with the newer and more powerful Finnigan MAT INCOS (Data General/Nova 3) data system. The SS-100 data system is also enhanced by the substitution of the 110 baud paper tape with a 9600 baud cartridge tape recorder for I/O of system bootstraps, BASIC programs, and raw data. PMID- 7130100 TI - Applied densitometry. PMID- 7130099 TI - Technology the enabler. PMID- 7130101 TI - A systematic approach to medical motion picture production. Part III. PMID- 7130098 TI - Investigations on nonsulfonamide Bratton-Marshall-positive compounds in porcine liver. AB - An unknown Bratton-Marshall-positive compound was observed when liver extracts were screened by a procedure for the simultaneous determination of sulfamethazine and sulfathiazole in swine livers. The unknown has been conclusively identified as o-aminobenzoic acid (anthranilic acid), a tryptophan metabolite, by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of swine liver extracts obtained by a modified Tishler procedure for sulfonamide residues in animal tissues. PMID- 7130102 TI - A case for the user designed copystand. PMID- 7130104 TI - Effect of environmental temperature on creatinine--phosphokinase activity after myocardial necrosis. PMID- 7130103 TI - Serum transaminases in enteric myocarditis. PMID- 7130107 TI - Significance of serum and synovial fluid fibrin degradation products (FDP) estimation in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7130105 TI - Unusual manifestations of abdominal tuberculosis. PMID- 7130106 TI - Hypothyroidism and serum lipids relationship-a-reevaluation. PMID- 7130108 TI - Serum bactericidal test (SBL)--utility in treating infective endocarditis. PMID- 7130109 TI - Plasma lipoprotein composition in different types of hyperlipoproteinemias in Northern India. PMID- 7130110 TI - Loss of immunoglobulins during peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 7130111 TI - A study of urinary tract infection in Kanpur. PMID- 7130112 TI - Hepatitis B surface antigen carriers among hospital personnel: (a sero-study in Government General Hospital, Madras). PMID- 7130113 TI - Unresolved problems in epidemiology of diabetes in developing countries. PMID- 7130114 TI - Retroperitoneal fibrosis clinicopathological study of 8 cases. PMID- 7130115 TI - The syndrome of continuous muscle fibre activity: report of three cases. PMID- 7130117 TI - Listerosis presenting as hyper pyrexia. PMID- 7130118 TI - A case of factor XIII deficiency in an adult male. PMID- 7130119 TI - Computed tomography of the pediatric abdomen, a review. PMID- 7130122 TI - C.T. and angiographic similarities of cerebral hematoma and neoplasm. PMID- 7130123 TI - Portal and splenic vein thrombosis: ultrasonic demonstration. PMID- 7130120 TI - [Pneumatocele and pulmonary hematoma following chest injury]. PMID- 7130121 TI - Intestinal hemangioma causing anemia in a child. PMID- 7130116 TI - Eosinophilic gastroenteritis: (Report of an unusual case with sigmoid colonic lesion). PMID- 7130124 TI - [Angiographic study of a case of cystoadenoma of the pancreas]. PMID- 7130125 TI - [CT in osteo-articular pathology]. PMID- 7130126 TI - Biosynthesis of glucosyl monophosphoryl undecaprenol and its role in lipoteichoic acid biosynthesis. AB - A glucophospholipid was detected in an incubation mixture containing UDP-glucose, MgCl2, ATP, and a particulate enzyme prepared from Streptococcus sanguis. The synthesis of this lipid was inhibited strongly by UDP and moderately by UMP. The molar ratio of glucose to phosphate in the purified lipid was found to be 1:1. Glucose and glucose 1-phosphate were released by mild alkaline hydrolysis of the glucophospholipid. The lipid produced by mild acid degradation of the purified lipid yielded a thin-layer chromatographic profile similar to that of acid treated undecaprenol. One of the minor components exhibited the same mobility as untreated undecaprenol. To characterize further the lipid moiety of the glucophospholipid, a polyisoprenol was purified from the neutral lipid of S. sanguis. The polyisoprenol was converted in the presence of ATP, UDP-glucose, and the particulate enzyme into a lipid which exhibited the same thin-layer chromatographic mobility as the glucophospholipid. The structure of the polyisoprenol was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry to be an undecaprenol with an internal cis-trans ratio of 7:2. These results indicate that the glucophospholipid is glucosyl monophosphoryl undecaprenol. The glucosyl moiety of the glucophospholipid was shown to be incorporated in the presence of the particulate enzyme into a macromolecule which was characterized as a lipoteichoic acid by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. This result indicates that glucosyl monophosphoryl undecaprenol is the direct glucosyl donor in the synthesis of lipoteichoic acid. PMID- 7130127 TI - Aerotactic response of Azospirillum brasilense. AB - Five strains of Azospirillum brasilense and two of Azospirillum spp., from Israel, responded to self-created and preformed oxygen gradients by forming aerotactic bands in capillary tubes and actively moving toward a specific zone with low dissolved oxygen. Increasing the oxygen concentration in capillaries containing phosphate buffer increased the number of attracted bacteria and decreased band velocity. High O2 concentrations and H2O2 temporarily repulsed the bacteria, causing the formation of a bacterial arc around the capillary mouth. There was no band formation under anaerobic conditions, although the bacteria remained highly motile. Exogenous energy sources were unnecessary for aerotaxis in Azospirillum spp. The addition of oxidizable substrates to the capillary slightly enhanced aerotaxis, possibly by accelerating O2 consumption. Aerotactic band formation was affected by pH, bacterial concentration and age, incubation time, and respiratory inhibitors, but not by the lack of combined nitrogen in the growth medium. It is proposed that aerotaxis plays a role in the capacity of Azospirillum spp. to reach an environment suitable for N2 fixation. PMID- 7130128 TI - Electrochemical proton gradient and lactate concentration gradient in Streptococcus cremoris cells grown in batch culture. AB - The lactate concentration gradient and the components of the electrochemical proton gradient (delta micro H+) were determined in cells of Streptococcus cremoris growing in batch culture. The membrane potential (delta psi) and the pH gradient (delta pH) were determined from the accumulation of the lipophilic cation tetraphenylphosphonium and the weak acid benzoate, respectively. During growth the external pH decreased from 6.8 to 5.3 due to the production of lactate. Delta pH increased from 0 to -35 mV, inside alkaline (at an external pH of 5.7), and fell to zero directly after growth stopped. Delta psi was nearly constant at -90 mV during growth and also dissipated within 40 min after termination of growth. The internal lactate concentration decreased from 200 mM at the beginning of growth (at pH 6.8) to 30 mM at the end of growth (at pH 5.3); the external lactate concentration increased from 8 to 30 mM due to the fermentation of lactose. Thus, the lactate gradient decreased from 80 mV to zero as growth proceeded and the external pH decreased. From the data obtained on delta psi, delta pH, and the lactate concentration gradient, the H+/lactate stoichiometry (n) was calculated. The value of n varied with the external pH from 1.9 (at pH 6.8) to 0.9 (at pH values below 6). This implies that especially at high pH values the carrier-mediated efflux of lactate supplies a significant quantity of metabolic energy to S. cremoris cells. At pH 6.8 this energy gain was almost two ATP equivalents per molecule of lactose consumed if the H+/ATP stoichiometry equals 2. These results supply strong experimental evidence for the energy recycling model postulated by Michels et al. PMID- 7130130 TI - Biological factors affecting enflagellation of Naegleria fowleri. AB - Naegleria fowleri is a pathogenic amoeboflagellate that can be evoked to transform from amoebae to flagellates by subculture to nonnutrient buffer. More than half of the amoebae of strains KUL, nN68, and Lovell became enflagellated 300 min after subculture to amoeba-saline, whereas no amoebae of strains NF66, NF69, and HB4 did. N. fowleri nN68 enflagellated best when grown at 32 or 37 degrees C and subcultured to amoeba-saline at 37 or 42 degrees C. Amoebae from the stationary phase of growth enflagellated more readily than did actively growing amoebae. Incubation in expended culture medium from stationary-phase cultures enhanced the capability of growing amoebae to enflagellate after subculture to amoebasaline. Enflagellation was more extensive when the population density in amoebasaline did not exceed 2 x 10(5) amoebae per ml. Cycloheximide at 1 microgram/ml and actinomycin D at 25 micrograms/ml inhibited growth of N. fowleri nN68. Cycloheximide at 0.5 microgram/ml and actinomycin D at 25 micrograms/ml completely prevented enflagellation when added at time zero. Cycloheximide at 0.5 microgram/ml, added 120 to 300 min after initiation of enflagellation, prevented further differentiation and caused existing flagellates to revert to amoeboid cells. Similarly, actinomycin D at 25 micrograms/ml, added 90 to 300 min after initiation of enflagellation, retarded differentiation and caused flagellates to revert. Radiolabeled precursors were incorporated into macromolecules during differentiation in nonnutrient buffer. Enflagellation of N. fowleri is a suitable model for studying regulation of a eucaryotic protist. PMID- 7130129 TI - Enhancement of pneumococcal transfection by protamine sulfate. AB - Protamine sulfate enhanced transfection of Streptococcus pneumoniae by DNA of omega 3 phage by factors as large as 10(5)-fold, provided it was present at the time the cells were added to the DNA. For DNA concentrations well below 1 microgram/ml, the optimum amount of protamine sulfate was near 1 microgram/ml of cells. Higher DNA concentrations required more protamine for maximum effect, and in all cases transfection fell when protamine was in excess. Transformation was not enhanced by low protamine levels and was inhibited by higher levels. A recipient strain with low but finite endonuclease activity and normal transformability showed higher transfection than did the wild type at low DNA concentrations but less than did the wild type at high DNA concentrations. Protamine sulfate enhanced its transfection at low, but not high, DNA concentrations. The behavior of this strain and the enhancement of transfection by protamine sulfate of wild-type cells were each consistent with less cutting of the donor DNA at the cell surface, which is part of the normal entry process in naturally competent gram-positive bacteria. Less cutting would lead to entry of fewer but longer strands that would be more efficient in reconstruction of the 33 megadalton phage replicon. We suggest that in this system protamine enhances transfection by inhibition of the surface nuclease action that is part of the normal entry process. PMID- 7130132 TI - Structural characteristics of tetanolysin and its binding to lipid vesicles. AB - Tetanolysin binding to lipid vesicles was found to depend on the molar ratio of cholesterol to phospholipid, being low in vesicles containing up to 20 mol% cholesterol and high in vesicles containing more than 33 mol%. High concentrations of purified tetanolysin preparations formed arc- and ring-shaped structures. The structures were not readily detectable in diluted preparations unless incubated with lipid vesicles containing high molar ratios of cholesterol to phospholipid. It is suggested that the toxin is concentrated on the vesicles to local concentrations high enough to form the arcs and rings. PMID- 7130131 TI - Lipid synthesis during morphogenesis of Mucor racemosus. AB - Lipid synthesis increases coordinately with protein and RNA synthesis during morphogenesis of Mucor racemosus. The lipid synthesis inhibitor cerulenin can completely block morphogenesis under conditions in which cell growth continues. An increase in phospholipid turnover may be an important correlate to morphogenesis of Mucor spp., especially the turnover of phosphotidyl inositol and phosphatidyl ethanolamine. The increase in ornithine decarboxylase, which occurs during morphogenesis, is inhibited by the addition of cerulenin. PMID- 7130135 TI - Interconversion of valine and leucine by Clostridium sporogenes. AB - Clostridium sporogenes has been found to require L-leucine and L-valine for growth in a minimal medium, although valine can be replaced by isobutyrate and leucine by isovalerate. Cells grown in minimal media incorporated significant 14C from [14C]valine into leucine and from [14C]leucine into valine. Growth with [4,5 3H]leucine also resulted in the incorporation of 3H into valine. These results indicate that these bacteria can interconvert leucine and valine. PMID- 7130134 TI - Nitrogen fixation (nif) genes and large plasmids of Rhizobium japonicum. AB - The location of structural nitrogen-fixation genes was determined for the slow- and fast-growing types of Rhizobium japonicum. Slow-growing R. japonicum strains do not harbor structural nif genes, homologous to nifD and nifH, on large plasmids (100 to 200 megadaltons). In contrast, all fast-growing R. japonicum strains, except PRC194, contain structural nif genes on large plasmids. PMID- 7130136 TI - Treatment of lagophthalmos due to facial nerve palsy. PMID- 7130133 TI - Nitrogen oxide reduction in Wolinella succinogenes and Campylobacter species. AB - Wolinella succinogenes cells and extracts reduced nitric oxide, and cells, but not extracts, reduced nitrous oxide. Formate-reduced W. succinogenes extracts generated the 573-nm peak in difference spectra seen previously in response to nitric oxide in denitrifiers. The type strains of several Campylobacter species did not reduce either gaseous oxide. Cells, but not extracts, of C. fetus subspecies (fetus and venerealis) reduced nitrous oxide; acetylene inhibited reduction. Neither cells nor extracts reduced nitric oxide. PMID- 7130137 TI - [Cryptotetany: a lesser known neurophysiological and clinical entity]. PMID- 7130138 TI - [Electromyographic findings in spasmophilia]. PMID- 7130140 TI - Pseudodementia in the elderly: differential diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7130139 TI - Introduction. PMID- 7130143 TI - Studies on glycosphingolipids of larvae of the green-bottle fly, Lucilia caesar. I. Isolation and characterization of glycosphingolipids having novel sugar sequences. AB - The neutral glycosphingolipids from larvae of the green-bottle fly, Lucilia caesar, were analyzed. Thin-layer chromatograms showed that the larvae contained at least seven major glycolipid components. Of them, the four components with shorter sugar chains consisting of one to four sugar units, were purified by Iatrobeads column chromatography. The structures were identified by partial acid hydrolysis, sequential enzymatic hydrolysis, chromium trioxide oxidation and methylation analysis as: Glc beta (1-1)Cer, Man beta (1-4)Glc beta (1-1)Cer, GlcNAc beta (1-3)Man beta (1-4)Glc beta (1-1)Cer and GalNAc beta (1-4)GlcNAc beta (1-3)Man beta (1-4)Glc(1-1)Cer. These glycolipids altogether comprised 38.3% of the total neutral glycolipid fraction. Unlike common vertebrate glycosphingolipids, the larval ones appear to be quite unique in having the sugar structures, -GlcNAc beta (1-3)Man- and -GalNAc beta (1-4)GlcNAc beta (1-3)Man-, which are novel finding in the natural systems examined so far. The ceramide moieties were composed of normal fatty acids (16:0-22:0) with a small amount of branched acids (16 and 18), and tetradeca- and hexadeca-4-sphingenines as the long-chain bases. PMID- 7130141 TI - The dilemma of depression in the elderly. PMID- 7130142 TI - Differential diagnosis of anxiety in the elderly. PMID- 7130144 TI - Purification and properties of the tightly bound reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-adrenodoxin reductase of bovine adrenocortical mitochondria. AB - Two forms of NADPH-adrenodoxin reductase, tightly and loosely bound forms, were found in bovine adrenocortical mitochondria. The loosely bound NADPH-adrenodoxin reductase was solubilized by ultrasonication and its content was about 65% of the total activity in bovine adrenocortical mitochondria. The tightly bound NADPH adrenodoxin reductase could not be solubilized by mechanical sonication and required detergent treatment. The tightly bound NADPH-adrenodoxin reductase was purified to homogeneity, judging by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis, from bovine adrenocortical mitochondria using sodium cholate solubilization and chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose and 2'5'-ADP-Sepharose columns. Its physicochemical properties were similar to those of the loosely bound form, except for its carbohydrate composition. PMID- 7130146 TI - The effects of volatile anesthetics on the binding of 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulphonate to biological membranes and lipid vesicles: the role of cholesterol. AB - The effects of volatile anesthetics on the properties of membrane surfaces were studied using the negatively charged fluorescent probe 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulphonate (ANS). Although the addition of the anesthetics caused no change of the fluorescence quantum yield of ANS bound to the biological membranes, there was a significant increase of the number of binding sites (n) for ANS to the membranes. This increase was also found after treating the membranes with either trypsin or neuraminidase and with vesicles of total lipids extracted from erythrocytes. With phosphatidylcholine (PC) vesicles, the fluorescence increase by the addition of anesthetics was observed only when the vesicle contained cholesterol. The greater increase of the n value was seen in vesicles containing a higher concentration of cholesterol. When the neutral probe, N-phenyl-1 naphthylamine (NPN) was used instead of ANS, this fluorescence increase was not seen. These results were interpreted in terms of the electrostatical change of the membrane lipid region. That is, a change of the surface potential of the membrane is possibly caused by the anesthetics through the interaction with lipid components. Cholesterol plays a critical role in this interaction. PMID- 7130145 TI - Studies on the transport of tyrosine, leucine, and methionine in cultured B-16 mouse melanoma cells. AB - 1. Linear uptake of tyrosine lasted for 1 min in cultured B-16 mouse melanoma cells preloaded with an amino acid such as tyrosine. 2. The tyrosine uptake increased markedly on preincubating the cells with 0.1 mM methionine, tyrosine, histidine or tryptophan and moderately with 1 mM phenylalanine, valine, isoleucine, or leucine. The effects of the preincubation on leucine uptake were similar to those on tyrosine uptake. 3. The tyrosine uptake was Na-independent under the experimental conditions used (0.05-1.0 mM); Km 75 micrometers and Vmax 15 nmol/min/mg protein. The methionine uptake (0.1-0.5 mM) was also Na independent (Km 150 micrometers and Vmax 25 nmol/min/mg protein), whereas Na dependent uptake could contribute at 2 mM methionine. 4. Inhibitions of tyrosine uptake by tryptophan, phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, valine, and histidine were competitive, giving K1 values of 70, 80, 100, 130, 160, 350, and 900 micrometers, respectively. 5. Exchange between intracellular methionine and extracellular tyrosine and vice versa was equimolar. Potencies of amino acids in stimulating tyrosine efflux were in the following order: methionine greater than tyrosine greater than histidine greater than tryptophan greater than phenylalanine greater than leucine greater than isoleucine much greater than valine. 6. The amino acid affinity of the system in the intracellular surface was suggested to be different from that in the extracellular surface. 7. The theophylline-treated cells showed a marked increase in tyrosine-uptake rate with elevated Vmax and unchanged Km. PMID- 7130147 TI - Surface charge densities and ionic substrate concentrations at the membrane surface in smooth microsomes isolated from rat liver. AB - Salt-induced pH changes of smooth microsomes from rat liver were examined. At pHs higher than 4.9 addition of salt to a microsomal suspension induced a decrease in pH, while at pHs lower than 4.9 it induced a pH increase. The salt-induced pH changes were explained by the change in the degree of dissociation of ionizable groups of membranes due to the change of surface potential and surface pH. On comparison of the experimental data with those of calculations with the Gouy Chapman equation, a value of 3.1+/-0.1 X 10(-3) carboxyl groups/A2 was obtained, which gives a maximal surface charge density of -1.08+/-0.04 X 10(-3) elementary charge/A2 at neutral pH and -19.2 mV surface potential at 0.15 M monovalent salt. Due to the surface charges of smooth microsomal membranes the surface pH and surface concentrations of ionic substrates become different from those in the bulk aqueous phase depending on the salt concentration. This explains part of the salt-concentration dependence of the activities of membrane enzymes in vitro. The importance of the surface concentrations of ionic substrates of enzymes of smooth microsomal membranes in vivo is also suggested. PMID- 7130149 TI - Purification and properties of a proline iminopeptidase from apricot seeds. AB - A proline iminopeptidase was purified about 18,000-fold from apricot seeds (Prunus armeniaca LINN.) by a five-step procedure comprised of extraction from seeds, ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, CM Sepharose chromatography, and rechromatography on CM-Sepharose. The purified enzyme had a molecular weight of 220,000 by gel filtration and 55,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This indicates that the native enzyme may be composed of four identical subunits. The isoelectric point was 6.2 as determined by gel electrofocusing. The pH optimum for L-proline beta naphthylamide was between pH 7.5 and 8.0, and the enzyme was stable in the pH 6.5 to-8.0 region and up to 40 degrees C. The enzyme was specific for L-proline beta naphthylamide among various amino acid beta-naphthylamides, and it also hydrolzyed L-prolylglycine and L-prolylglycylglycine. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate, 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), N ethylmaleimide, and heavy metal ions, but was not activated significantly by thiol compounds. Moreover, the enzyme was inactivated by diethyl pyrocarbonate, p bromophenacyl bromide, and photooxidation, but was not affected by diisopropyl fluorophosphate, phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride, bestatin, puromycin, or metal chelating agents. No activation of the enzyme was observed on addition of metal ions. These results suggest that the enzyme is not classifiable as a metalloenzyme, and that cysteine and histidine residues may participate in the enzyme activity. PMID- 7130150 TI - Analysis of calf thymus DNA polymerases alpha and beta and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase on two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels. AB - Calf thymus DNA polymerases alpha and beta [EC 2.7.7.7] and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase [EC 2.7.7.31] were analyzed on two-dimensional gel slabs. DNA polymerase beta appeared as a single spot on two-dimensional gel at the position of 40,000 daltons and pI 8.0 using non-equilibrium pH gradient gel electrophoresis for the first-dimensional run. By overlapping gel slabs, it was possible to identify the distinct spot of DNA polymerase beta among many polypeptide spots of a crude enzyme fraction. 10S DNA polymerase alpha showed two clusters of polypeptide spots on two-dimensional gel slab. One cluster was composed of three large polypeptides of 140,000-150,000 daltons and another was composed of four smaller polypeptides of 46,000-50,000 daltons. All these spots were arranged in a narrow pI range (6.5-6.8) although each spot showed a distinct pI value. Purified terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase showed three polypeptides of 57,000, 42,000, and 33,000 daltons at similar pI values (7.0 7.2). Each polypeptide consisted of plural spots which differed slightly in pI but were the same in molecular weight. These results suggest a microheterogeneity of polypeptides of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase as well as those of 10S DNA polymerase alpha. PMID- 7130148 TI - Biosynthesis of microvillus membrane-associated glycoproteins of small intestinal epithelial cells in germ-free and conventionalized mice. AB - We studied the effect of intestinal microorganisms on the synthesis of membrane associated glycoproteins in the upper small intestine by intraperitoneally administering L-[3H]fucose, D-[14C]glucosamine, or L-[3H]leucine to germ-free mice and mice exposed to microorganisms for 4 weeks (conventionalized). The incorporation of the labeled compounds into sucrase-isomaltase complex and maltase was determined by immunoprecipitating Triton X-100-solubilized microvillus membranes with their antibodies. Purified microvillus membranes from germ-free and conventionalized mice differed in the activities of some marker enzymes but not in the number and mobility of the components on SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Maximal incorporation of [3H]fucose and [14C]glucosamine into the microvillus membrane and two enzymes was reached 2-3 h post-injection in both groups, however, the amounts incorporated were larger in conventionalized mice. There was little difference in [3H]leucine incorporation into the total glycoproteins of microvillus membranes between the two groups. Our results suggest that the introduction of microorganisms stimulates the synthesis of sugar chains of microvillus membrane-associated glycoproteins. The enhanced in vitro fucosyltransferase activity in conventionalized mice partly supports this suggestion. PMID- 7130151 TI - Rat liver glycolipid transfer protein. A protein which facilitates the translocation of mono- and dihexosylceramides from donor to acceptor liposomes. AB - Rat liver cytosol fraction facilitated the transfer of [3H]glucosylceramide and [3H]-galactosylceramide from donor to acceptor liposomes, which contained one of these glycolipids in phospholipid-cholesterol. Lactosylceramide transfer activity was not detectable in the cytosol fraction. On Sephadex G-75 gel filtration of the liver cytosol fraction, both the glucosylceramide and galactosylceramide transfer activities were eluted at an identical position with a Kav value of 0.364, which corresponds to a molecular weight of 19,500; a little lactosylceramide transfer activity was found in the effluents containing the glycolipid transfer activities. The active protein fraction obtained by Sephadex G-75 chromatography of rat liver cytosol accelerated the transfer of galactosylceramide, glucosylceramide and lactosylceramide at relative rates of 100, 79, and 31, respectively. The rates of galactosylceramide and glucosylceramide transfer facilitated by the rat liver Sephadex G-75 fraction were not affected by either galactosylceramide, glucosylceramide, or lactosylceramide contained in the acceptor liposomes; acceptor liposomes lacking glycolipids acted efficiently as acceptors in the transfer reactions. For the lactosylceramide transfer reaction, significantly lower activity was detected when the acceptor liposomes contained either galactosylceramide or glucosylceramide. The translocation of [3H]-galactosylceramide from the donor to acceptor liposomes was confirmed by TLC and fluorography of the lipids extracted from the acceptor liposomes, which were separated from the donor liposomes after the incubation. PMID- 7130152 TI - The binding of myosin subfragment-1 to F-actin in the absence of nucleotide. Evidence for dependence on F-actin concentration. AB - The binding of myosin subfragment-1 (S-1) to F-actin in the absence of nucleotide was examined by the sedimentation method using 1,5-IAEDANS-labeled S-1. We found that the binding affinity of F-actin to S-1 was dependent on the concentration of F-actin, and the binding was weaker at higher concentrations of F-actin. The apparent association constant determined from a linearly extrapolated Scatchard plot was 6.5 x 10(6) M-1 at 8.1 microns F-actin, and 1.7 x 10(7) M-1 at 2.0 microns F-actin in 120 mM KC1, 2 mM MgCl2, 0.1 mM CaCl2, and 20 mM Tris-acetate (pH 7.6) at 20 degrees C. Furthermore, the Scatchard plot revealed the existence of cooperativity in the binding of S-1 to F-actin. In order to obtain higher precision we developed a new method for the chromatographic determination of free S-1 in acto-S-1 solution. By this method we could determine free S-1 concentrations of the order of 10(-9) M easily and accurately. The above conclusion obtained by the sedimentation method was confirmed by this chromatographic method, and these effects can be well explained by considering the length distribution of F-actin. We propose an allosteric model in which both the length distribution and the polarity of F-actin are taken into consideration. PMID- 7130153 TI - Immature precursor catalase in subcellular fractions of rat liver. AB - Dialysis of the peroxisomal extract, microsomal extract and cytosol fraction of rat liver against a solution containing 44 mM acetate buffer, pH 4.1, and 22% ethanol resulted in elimination of immature and enzymatically inactive catalase as insoluble precipitates, leaving mature and active catalase in solution. These catalase molecules in the three different subcellular compartments were doubly labeled with injected radioactive amino acids, for 30 min with [3H]leucine and for 90 min with [14C]leucine. The specific radioactivities of peroxisomal catalase remained unchanged upon the dialysis described above. This was also the case with microsomal catalase, however, the values were much higher than those of peroxisomal catalase. On the other hand, cytosol catalase showed remarkably decreased radioactivities after the dialysis, which were comparable to those of peroxisomal catalase, and the immature and inactive catalase which had been removed by this treatment was estimated to be as highly radioactive as the microsomal catalase. By affinity chromatography using anticatalase antibody both the microsomal extract and cytosol fraction were found to contain enzymatically inactive and probably immature catalase, which did not occur in peroxisomal extracts. However, when examined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the catalases in the three different subcellular fractions gave identical single bands corresponding to the monomer subunit of this enzyme protein, and no other larger molecule was detected. It was also found that the peroxisomal mature catalase did not migrate in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis the same as that in microsomes and in cytosol, the latter two exhibiting the same mobility. Based on these results and others previously obtained, intracellular events in the maturation and transfer of newly synthesized catalase are discussed. PMID- 7130154 TI - Heterogeneity of human serum high density lipoproteins on high performance liquid chromatography. AB - A combination method consisting of separation by HPLC using gel permeation columns and selective detection of cholesterol or choline-containing phospholipids was applied to the identification and quantitation of subclasses of high density lipoproteins in human serum. The frequency distribution of peaks in the elution patterns on detection of choline-containing phospholipids in a group (n = 71) of normal males and females showed five maxima. Their particle sizes were determined from the relation between Stokes' diameter and elution volume to be as follows: 122.0 +/- 2.8 A, 110.1 +/- 2.1 A, 97.5 +/- 1.8 A, 86.7 +/- 1.3 A, and 76.3 +/- 16 A. The two larger fractions were found to correspond to HDL2 subclasses, i.e., HDL2b and HDL2a. The other three peaks were found to reflect the subclasses of HDL3 and choline-containing phospholipids in the very high density lipoprotein fraction which sedimented at the bottom on ultracentrifugation at the density of 1.21. Moreover, the existence of these five subclasses in the HDL fraction was confirmed by rechromatography using this combination HPLC method. Our results for the particle sizes of HDL subclasses were confirmed by electron microscopy. PMID- 7130155 TI - Metabolism of urea and glyoxylate, degradative products of purines in marine animals. AB - In marine fish and crustacean liver, degradative enzymes able to convert purines to urate have been shown to be located only in the cytosol, and degradative enzymes able to convert urate to urea and glyoxylate, only in the peroxisomes (Noguchi, T., Takada, Y., & Fujiwara, S. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 5272-5275). The subcellular distribution of these two enzymes involved in further metabolism of urea and glyoxylate in marine animal species was examined by centrifugation in a sucrose density gradient. Urease was located only in the cytosol of crustacean and mollusc liver; no activity was detected with fish liver. In fish, crustacean and mollusc liver, the conversion of glyoxylate to glycine may be mainly catalyzed by alanine : glyoxylate aminotransferase. Hepatic alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferase was located both in the mitochondrial matrix and in the cytosol in each species studied. These findings suggest that peroxisomal urea is transported to the cytosol then degraded to NH3 for the excretion of purine nitrogens, while peroxisomal glyoxylate is transported to the cytosol or mitochondria then converted to glycine for the reutilization of purine carbons. PMID- 7130157 TI - pH dependence of the formation of dimeric alpha-chymotrypsin and its catalytic activity. AB - The dimerization of alpha-chymotrypsin (alpha-CT) has been known to involve a specific interaction between the Tyr-146 alpha-carboxyl of one molecule and the His-57 imidazole, which is a member of the catalytic triad in the active site, of the other. This interaction determines the pH dependences of the dimerization constant and of the catalytic activities of the monomeric and dimeric enzymes. We compared the pKa values for catalytic activities with known pKa values for the dimerization constant in order to assign pKa values to residues of the enzyme. In the monomeric enzyme, the catalytic triad has a pKa value of 3.6 at the site between the Asp-102 carboxyl and His-57 N delta 1, and the Tyr-146 alpha-carboxyl has a pKa value of 4.6. In the dimeric enzyme, the site between the Asp-102 carboxyl and His-57 N delta 1 has a pKa value of around 5.5 and the site between His-57 N epsilon 2 and the Tyr-146 alpha-carboxyl has a pKa value around 2.4. Protonation at the site between the Asp-102 carboxyl and His-57 N delta 1 reduced the catalytic activity of the dimeric enzyme for p-nitrophenyl propionate, indicating that the Asp-102 carboxyl plays an important role in the monomeric alpha-CT-catalyzed reactions. PMID- 7130156 TI - Isolation and characterization of five neutral isoenzymes of horseradish peroxidase. AB - Five components of neutral horseradish peroxidase were isolated and purified by means of column chromatography, and designated B1, B2, B3, C1, and C2, respectively. All the components contained 2 atoms of calcium and 16.8-to-21.0% as much carbohydrate as in the enzyme molecule. They were very similar to one another with respect to physicochemical and chemical properties such as molecular weight, molar absorption coefficient, rate constants of the catalytic reaction and dissociation of cyanide compound, but were dissimilar with respect to isoelectric point. Values of the isoelectric points determined from column isoelectric focusing at 20 degrees C were 5.75 (B1), 7.15 (B2), 7.10 (B3), 9.40 (C1), and 9.63 (C2). However, these values varied significantly depending upon the method and conditions of the focusing. The acid-alkaline titration curves of components B2 and C1 were flat in the pH region of 6 to 9. The facts suggest that a slight difference in the number of ionized groups of the components causes a large difference in the isoelectric points. PMID- 7130158 TI - Topological location and biological significance of phospholipids in the membrane of Newcastle disease virus. Hydrolysis of phospholipids in intact virion with pure phospholipases A2, C, and D. AB - The composition, topological distribution and biological significance of phospholipids in the membrane of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) grown in embryonated chicken eggs were investigated. Phosphatidylethanolamine and sphingomyelin were the predominant phospholipids in NDV membrane. The location of phospholipids in the lipid bilayer of the membrane was studied by assessing their reactivities with highly purified phospholipase A2 (Agkistrodon halys blomhoffi) and phospholipase D (Streptomyces chromofuscus), and the biological role of membrane phospholipids was also investigated by using pure phospholipases A2, C (Bacillus cereus) and D. Choline-containing phospholipids were found predominantly in the outer layer of the membrane. The inner layer was composed mainly of aminoglycerophospholipids, though a fair amount of them also appeared to be located in the outer half of the bilayer. When intact virion was treated with phospholipase C, marked decreases in hemolytic activity and infectivity mediated by viral fusion (F) glycoprotein were observed, but hemagglutinating and neuraminidase activities did not change significantly. Apparently complete hydrolysis of phospholipids in the outer half of the lipid bilayer with phospholipase D caused about 22% decrease in the original hemolytic activity. On the other hand, when all phosphatidylcholine and aminoglycerophospholipids in the outer half of the viral membrane were hydrolyzed with purified phospholipase A2, no significant change in viral hemolytic activity or morphology was detected. No marked change of hemagglutinating and neuraminidase activities was detected on treatment of NDV with phospholipases A2 and D. The above results suggest that the integrity of fatty acid ester of glycerophospholipids in NDV membrane is not essential for the manifestation of viral activities, though polar groups of the phospholipids in the outer half of the membrane may be involved in the function of fusion (F) glycoprotein, but not in that of hemagglutinating and neuraminidase (HN) glycoprotein of NDV. PMID- 7130159 TI - Dynamic states of the three methionyl residues of Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor. 1H NMR studies. AB - High resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy at 360 and 400 MHZ was used to study the dynamic states of the three methionyl residues (Met 70, 73, and 103) of Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor (SSI) in a neutral aqueous (2H2O) solution. Chemical modification and nuclear Overhauser effect studies show that one of the methyl groups exists in the interior of the protein and is surrounded by phenylalanyl residues. With reference to the crystal structure, this methyl group is assignable to that of Met 103 in the hydrophobic core. The other two methionyl residues (Met 70 and 73) are equally susceptible to chemical modifications, but their methyl signals are affected in a different manner by the alpha-chymotrypsin cleavage of the peptide bond between Met 73 and Val 74 at the reactive site. The observed linewidths of the methyl groups are consistent with the assumption that the whole side-chain of both Met 70 and 73 are already undergoing rapid internal motions at 20 degrees C, whereas for Met 103 only the rotation of the methyl group is allowed, even above approximately 40 degrees C. The high-field shift of the methyl proton resonance of Met 103 by about 0.3 ppm is attributable to the ring current effect from the surrounding phenylalanyl residues. This shift is invariant in the temperature range of 40-90 degrees C, showing that the native environment of the methyl group of Met 103 persists up to 90 degrees C at neutral pH. Destruction of the native methionyl environments occurs only above 90 degrees C, and the rate of conversion between the native and the denatured conformations is slower than 10 s-1. When SSI is mixed with subtilisin BPN' in a one-to-one molar ratio, at least one of the methyl signals of Met 70 and 73 is completely broadened, showing that the side-chain of this methionine is directly involved in the interaction with the enzyme. PMID- 7130160 TI - Inhibition of eukaryotic DNA polymerase-alpha by polydeoxynucleotides. AB - Effects of polydeoxynucleotides on the activity of DNA polymerase-alpha from sea urchin embryos were studied. Poly(dG), poly(dC) and poly(dC)-oligo(dG)12-18 inhibited DNA polymerase-alpha activity in the activated DNA-directed reaction but poly(dA), oligo(dT)12-18, and poly(dA)-oligo(dT)12-18 did not inhibit the activity. The inhibitory mode of poly(dC)-oligo(dG)12-18 or poly(dC) was competitive with activated DNA and that of poly(dG) was noncompetitive with activated DNA. Using poly(dA)-oligo(dT)12-18 as a template-primer, the inhibition with either poly(dG) or poly(dC)-oligo(dG)12-18 was competitive with the template primer. These kinetic results indicate that each of the template-primers tested binds to an identical site on DNA polymerase-alpha. Similar results were obtained with DNA polymerase-alpha from HeLa cells. PMID- 7130163 TI - Subunit structure of oxygenase component in benzoate-1,2-dioxygenase system from Pseudomonas arvilla C-1. AB - Benzoate-1,2-dioxygenase system from Pseudomonas arvilla C-1 consists of two protein components, benzoate-1,2-dioxygenase reductase and benzoate-1,2 dioxygenase (Yamaguchi, M., and Fujisawa, H. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 5058 5063). Benzoate-1,2-dioxygenase exhibited two protein bands (alpha and beta) on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and their molecular weights were estimated to the 50,000 and 20,000, respectively. The intensities of protein staining on polyacrylamide gels suggested that these two subunits were present in equimolar quantities in benzoate-1,2-dioxygenase. Molecular weight of benzoate-1,2-dioxygenase was estimated to be 201,000 by sedimentation equilibrium (Yphantis method). The values of molecular weights of native enzyme and its subunits suggested that the subunit structure of benzoate-1,2-dioxygenase may be alpha 3 beta 3. Cross-linking experiments also suggested the same subunit structure. These two subunits were separated from each other by Ultrogel AcA44 chromatography in the presence of 6 M urea. Amino acid compositions of the two subunits were examined and compared with that of native enzyme. NH2-terminal amino acids of alpha and beta subunits were both serine, and isoelectric points of alpha and beta in the presence of 6 M urea were determined to be pH 5.6 and pH 4.8, respectively. The enzyme contained 8.2 mol of iron and 5.9 mol of labile sulfide/mol of enzyme, suggesting the presence of additional iron atoms besides iron-sulfur clusters. The isolated beta subunit did not contain any significant amounts of iron and labile sulfide, but the alpha subunit contained approximately 2 mol each of iron and labile sulfide and exhibited an absorption spectrum of binuclear iron cluster type. PMID- 7130161 TI - Isolation and properties of Ca2+-transporting glycoprotein and peptide from beef heart mitochondria. AB - The 40,000-dalton glycoprotein and 2000-dalton peptide inducing selective Ca2+ transport through bilayer lipid membranes were isolated from beef heart homogenate and mitochondria. Micromolar concentrations of these substances were found to increase the conductivity of membranes by 3-4 orders. Trans-membrane Ca2+ gradient induces an electric potential difference whose magnitude is close to the theoretical for ideal Ca2+ selectivity. The inhibitor of mitochondrial Ca2+ transport, ruthenium red, abolishes both the glycoprotein- and peptide induced Ca2+ transport in bilayer lipid membranes. Thiol groups essential for Ca2+ transport activity were revealed in the glycoprotein and peptide. Addition of these substances to rat liver mitochondria induces Ca2+-dependent inhibition of the state 3 respiration that can be released by uncouplers (oligomycin-like effect). PMID- 7130162 TI - Iron and copper in plasma membranes. AB - Nonheme iron has been found in pig erythrocyte and mouse liver plasma membranes. The amount found, 8.2 nmol/mg protein in erythrocyte membranes and 7.4 nmol/mg protein in liver plasma membrane, is slightly lower than values reported for endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Less than one-third of the erythrocyte membrane iron can be released by acid treatment, which indicates that most of it is not in the typical iron-sulfur structure. Copper has been found in pig erythrocyte plasma membrane at a concentration of 0.45 nmol/mg protein. These metals may be associated with the redox enzymes of plasma membranes. PMID- 7130164 TI - Active site studies of cytochrome P=450CAM. I. Specific cysteine labeling with the affinity reagent isobornyl bromoacetate as a model for substrate binding. AB - A model is presented suggesting a function of specific cysteine residue of cytochrome P-450CAM in binding the substrate camphor, via a thiohemiketal bond, for its correct orientation to the heme iron and for the subsequent transfer of nascent product to facilitate its release. This model was developed to explain the results of affinity labeling with isobornyl bromoacetate. This reagent couples to the proteins via a thioether bond to cysteine, eliciting a type I transition in the difference spectrum. Formation of this covalent complex, which is strongly inhibited by the substrate, can be monitored by quantitation of S carboxymethylcysteine in acid hydrolyzates. While addition of one equivalent of label yields 0.3 equivalents of the cysteine derivative after 5 min, increasing to 0.8 equivalents after 24 h, the spectral shift decays with time. Kinetic analysis of the spectral decay and of covalent coupling strongly suggests that thioether bond formation occurs at the substrate binding-site, in a reaction step prior to, and distinct from, the step associated with the spectral decay. The P 450CAM derivative, when titrated with camphor, produced again a type I spectrum virtually identical with the spectrum of the native P-450CAM-substrate complex. While the model presented here is not the only possible interpretation of the results, it is fully consistent with them and provides an excellent framework for further study of the catalytic mechanism of P-450CAM. PMID- 7130165 TI - The development and application of a radioimmunoassay for rat phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. AB - We employed a newly developed radioimmunoassay to quantitate P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase protein directly in liver and kidney of intact rats. The radioimmunoassay was dependent upon the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate in the competitive binding reaction mixture. In conjunction with assayable activity measurements, the radioimmunoassay results also made it possible to assess the average specific activity of the enzyme. In the fed state, liver P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase was 0.89 microM (micromoles/kg of tissue) and the kidney enzyme was 1.90 microM. Following a 48-h fast, the enzyme in liver increased to 2.83 microM and that in kidney to 6.83 microM. Although liver enzyme concentration increased 3-fold, total liver enzymic activity was increased only about 30%. The discrepancy was due to the decrease in liver weight which occurred during fasting. The kidneys, which do not lose weight during fasting, had a 65% elevation of total organ activity. Total organ enzyme activity was predominantly dependent on changes in enzyme mass. In the fed state, the kidney/liver enzyme mass ratio was 0.44, in the fasted state it was 0.68. Variation in enzyme concentration, enzyme half-life, and response to tryptophan and chronic triamcinolone administration all gave evidence for organ-specific regulation. PMID- 7130166 TI - Specificity of trypsin. Cleavage of aspartic acid 101 derivatives of lysozyme by trypsin. AB - The beta-carboxyl group of Asp 101 was modified with several amine nucleophiles by the amine-carbodiimide procedure and the trypsin susceptibilities of the derivatives were analyzed by peptide mapping. The (aminoethyl)asparaginyl peptide bond was completely cleaved by trypsin but the (3-aminopropyl)asparaginyl bond was not. When the positive charge was in the proper position, large residues such as (2-[imidazol-4(5)-ylmethylamino]ethyl) asparagine or (11-amino-3,-6,9 triazaundecyl)asparagine were susceptible to trypsin. PMID- 7130167 TI - Activation of hepatic branched chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase by a skeletal muscle factor. AB - These experiments were designed to determine whether there are tissue factors which affect the activity of branched chain alpha-keto acid (BCKA) dehydrogenase in the mitochondria of the same or different tissues. The activity of BCKA dehydrogenase was increased by the addition of the cytoplasmic fraction of the gastro-cnemius muscle to liver mitochondria. The specificity of the effect of the muscle factor was established by the fact that it only increased the BCKA dehydrogenase activity in liver mitochondria. The activity of this enzyme in mitochondria from skeletal muscle, heart, kidney, or brain was either not affected or inhibited by the muscle factor. Muscle factor also increased the activity of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase but decreased that of pyruvate dehydrogenase in liver mitochondria. This factor was found in a variety of skeletal muscles but not in smooth muscle such as uterus. A factor similar to that of muscle was not found in liver or kidney cytoplasm but was detected in plasma. There were similarities between the effects of muscle and plasma factors on the BCKA dehydrogenase activity in liver, kidney, heart, and skeletal muscle mitochondria. Studies concerning the properties and partial characterization of this factor revealed that it (a) is nondialyzable, (b) is a protein, (c) is heat labile, and (d) increases the activity of BCKA dehydrogenase by increasing the Vmax without a change in the apparent Km. PMID- 7130168 TI - Mass spectrometric studies of a modified active-site tetrapeptide from delta 5-3 ketosteroid isomerase of Pseudomonas testosteroni. AB - Examination of the product of affinity labeling of delta 5-3-ketosteroid isomerase (EC 5.3.3.1) of Pseudomonas testosteroni by the suicide substrate [7 3H]5,10-secoestr-5-yne-3,10,17-trione has demonstrated that the steroid becomes bound by an acid- and base-labile linkage to an active-site peptide representing residues 55-58 (H2N-Tyr-Ala-Asn-Ser-CO2H) of the primary structure (Penning, T. M., and Talalay, P. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 6851-6858). Upon release of the steroid by mild acid hydrolysis, the peptide is converted into a more basic structure while retaining its amino acid composition (as determined by conventional means). These findings were rationalized by postulating that the steroid is bound as an imido ester via the amide group of asparagine 57 and that the polypeptide backbone participates (via attack by nitrogen or oxygen) in the hydrolysis of this ester with the formation of a cyclic amidine or basic oxazine. By comparing the properties of the isolated tetrapeptide, from which the steroid has been removed, with those of synthetic H2N-Tyr-Ala-Asn-Ser-CO2H and H2N-Tyr Ala-Asp-Ser-CO2H by electron impact and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, we now have evidence for the presence of an oxazine (5,6-dihydro-6-iminio-4H-1,3 oxazine) in the modified peptide. Our results draw attention to the hitherto unsuspected degree of nucleophilicity of the amide group of the side chain of asparagine and the participation of this group in the formation of an imido ester. PMID- 7130170 TI - Catalytic activity and reactivity with p-bromophenacyl bromide of the phospholipase subunit of crotoxin. Influence of dimerization and association with the noncatalytic subunit. PMID- 7130169 TI - Purification and properties of feline and human arylsulfatase B isozymes. Evidence for feline homodimeric and human monomeric structures. AB - Normal feline and human arylsulfatase B isozymes were purified to homogeniety from liver. The specific activities of the feline and human enzymes toward p nitrocatechol sulfate were 1,100,000 and 800,000 units/mg of protein, and toward UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfate were 5,500 and 4,000 units/mg of protein, respectively. Although both enzymes had the same pH optimum (5.7), the feline enzyme was more electronegative than the human enzyme when electrophoresed on polyacrylamide gels. Compared to the human isozyme, feline arylsulfatase B had a lower Km toward p-nitrocatechol sulfate (1.2 versus 3.6 mM), was more thermostable at 60 degrees C (68 versus 30 min), and had a slightly lower pI (7.8 versus 8.0). The native molecular weight of the feline enzyme was estimated to be about twice that the human isozyme by gel filtration, analytical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and sucrose density-gradient centrifugation. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed single protein bands of Mr = 41,000 and 38,000 for the feline and human isozymes, respectively. Alkylation and cross-linking experiments were consistent with the feline enzyme being a homodimer and the human enzyme a monomer. Amino acid compositional analyses revealed few significant differences between the two isozymes. PMID- 7130171 TI - Amino acid sequence of the Pseudomonas putida cytochrome P-450. II. Cyanogen bromide peptides, acid cleavage peptides, and the complete sequence. PMID- 7130172 TI - Bovine adrenocortical microsomal hemeproteins P-45017 alpha and P-450C-21. Isolation, partial characterization, and comparison to P-450SCC. PMID- 7130173 TI - Human plasminogen. Proton NMR studies on kringle 1. PMID- 7130174 TI - Involvement of collagen in the aggregation of acetylcholine receptors on cultured muscle cells. AB - The role of collagen macromolecules in the aggregation of acetylcholine receptors on the surface of cultured rat muscle cells was investigated. Both the synthesis and secretion of collagen, as well as acetylcholine receptor aggregation were stimulated by treatment of muscle cultures with an embryonic brain extract. Treatments with cis-hydroxyproline or monensin, which interfere with collagen synthesis and secretion, significantly reduced the number of acetylcholine receptor aggregates detected. Incubation of the cultures with embryonic brain extract induced a decrease in extractability of acetylcholine receptors. This effect could be reversed by treating the cells with bacterial collagenase. In addition, affinity purified antibodies against collagen of types I and IV inhibited the aggregation of acetylcholine receptors by stimulated brain extract. These data suggest that neurotrophic factor(s) present in embryonic nerve tissue have the ability to induce collagen production; the collagen formed plays a role in the formation and/or stabilization of acetylcholine receptor aggregates and possibly also of synaptic connections. PMID- 7130175 TI - Chemical modification potentiates the biological activities of 2-5A and its congeners. AB - Chemical modification of p5'A2'(p5'A2')np5'A by a periodate oxidation/Schiff base formation/borohydride reduction cycle gave a series of 2-5A analogues in which the ribose of the 2'-terminal nucleotide was transformed to an N-substituted morpholine (azahexapyranose). 2',5'-Oligoriboadenylate 5'-monophosphates bearing this modification were 5-10 times more potent as antagonists of the action of 2 5A or poly(I).poly(C) than was unmodified p5'A2'p5'A2'p5'A. Application of this modification to the tetramer triphosphate ppp5'A2'p5'A2'p5'A2'p5'A resulted in an analogue with 10 times the activity of ppp5'A2'p5'A2'p5'A (2-5A trimer triphosphate) as an inhibitor of protein synthesis or activator of the 2-5A dependent endoribonuclease. This activator of the 2-5A-dependent endoribonuclease. This new 2-5A analogue, the most potent 2-5A derivative reported to date, inhibited translation in extracts of mouse L-cells programmed with encephalomyocarditis virus RNA at a concentration of 10(-10) M (concentration for half-maximal inhibition). All such N-substituted morpholine modified 2',5'-oligoriboadenylates were found to be extremely resistant to degradation by L-cell extracts under conditions where unmodified 2-5A or its derivatives were quickly destroyed. These data demonstrate the necessity for an intact terminal ribose ring for the action of the 2-5A phosphodiesterase. Thus, extensive chemical modification of 2' terminus of 2-5A may be possible without adversely affecting its biological activity while endowing it with other favorable properties such as resistance to degradation. PMID- 7130176 TI - Characterization of a human melanoma-associated ganglioside antigen defined by a monoclonal antibody, 4.2. AB - A monoclonal IgM antibody, 4.2, reacting with a surface antigen expressed on most human melanomas (Yeh, M.-I., Hellstrom, I., Abe, K., Hakomori, S., and Hellstrom, K. E. (1982) Int. J. Cancer, 29, 269-275) was shown to be directed to a ganglioside with the carbohydrate structure NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 8NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 3Gal beta 1 leads to 4Glc beta 1 leads to 1Cer. The carbohydrate structure, established by enzymatic degradation and methylation analysis with mass spectrometry, is identical with that of brain GD3 ganglioside, but its ceramide is characterized by a predominance of longer chain fatty acids, in contrast to brain GD3 that has mainly C18:0 fatty acid. The antibody did not react with various other gangliosides, including those having the same terminal sugar sequence (NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 8NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 3Gal) as GD3, such as GT1a and GQ1b. Its specificity is therefore restricted to the NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 8NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 3Gal beta 1 leads to 4Glc leads to Cer sequence, including the innermost sugar, Glc residue. PMID- 7130179 TI - Structural study of the carbohydrate moiety of hen ovomucoid. Occurrence of a series of pentaantennary complex-type asparagine-linked sugar chains. AB - Hen ovomucoid contains a series of novel pentaantennary complex-type asparagine linked sugar chains which can be classified into three groups, N-1, N-2, and N 3b, N-3b, the structure of which is found as a common (formula, see text) structure in all pentaantennary sugar chains. N-2 is a mixture of three isomeric monogalactosyl derivatives of N-3b, and N-1 is a mixture of two isomeric digalactosyl derivatives of N-3b. Most of the galactoses are beta-linked at the C 4 position of beta-N-acetylglucosamine residues 2 and 4 in the N-3b structure shown above. Small amounts of the galactoses are also linked at the C-4 position of beta-N-acetylglucosamine residue 3. PMID- 7130177 TI - Purification and biochemical characterization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of human muscle. PMID- 7130180 TI - Presence and measurement of methylimidazoleacetic acids in brain and body fluids. AB - N tau-Methylimidazoleacetic acid, the histamine metabolite, and its isomer, N pi methylimidazoleacetic acid, were demonstrated and measured in rat brain and in human cerebrospinal fluid, urine, and plasma by a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method that is simple and specific with a detection limit of about 7 pmol (i.e. 1 ng). The acids were separated in biological samples by ion exchange chromatography, derivatized as n-butyl esters with boron trifluoride butanol, and extracted with chloroform. Complete chemical ionization mass spectra and mass ion abundance ratios established the identity of N tau - and N pi - methylimidazoleacetic acids in the biological extracts and of imidazoleacetic acid in urine, but not in cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, and brain. The methylimidazoleacetic acids as n-butyl esters were quantified by electron impact selected ion monitoring of m/e 95 esters at different retention times. 3 Pyridylacetic acid was used as an internal standard and monitored at m/e 93. The levels of N tau-methylimidazoleacetic acid and N pi-methylimidazoleacetic acid were, respectively (picomoles/g or picomoles/ml +/- S.E.), for brain, 373, 19 +/- 13.08 and 110.33 +/- 12.44; for cerebrospinal fluid, 22.77 +/- 2.15 and 80.76 +/- 18.92; and for plasma, 84.57 +/- 13.64 and 73.64 +/- 14.50. In urine, the respective levels were 20.75 +/- 1.30 and 73.02 +/- 38.22 nmol/mg of creatinine. The origin of N pi-methylimidazoleacetic acid is not certain. PMID- 7130181 TI - Specific inhibition of glucokinase by long chain acyl coenzymes A below the critical micelle concentration. PMID- 7130178 TI - Biosynthesis in vitro of sialyl(alpha 2-3)neolactotetraosylceramide by a sialyltransferase from embryonic chicken brain. AB - A sialyltransferase activity present in 7- to 12-day-old embryonic chicken brain catalyzes the transfer of sialic acid from CMP-sialic acid to the terminal galactose residue of [3H]nLcOse4Cer ([3H]Gal(beta 1-4).GlcNAc(beta 1-3)Gal(beta 1 4)Glc-Cer) to form NeuAc(alpha 2-3)-[3H]nLcOse4Cer (LM1 ganglioside). The product is sialidase-labile (96%), and the NeuAc group is linked to O-3 of the terminal galactose residue. The (alpha 2-3) linkage between sialic acid and the terminal galactose was determined on the basis of identification of 2,4,6-tri-O methyl[3H]galactose obtained after hydrolysis of the permethylated enzymatic product. The CMP-sialic acid:nLcOse4Cer (alpha 2-3)sialyltransferase activity sediments (90%) at the junction of 1.2 M and 1.5 M on a discontinuous sucrose density gradient when still membrane bound (insoluble in 0.2% Triton X-100). The enzyme preparation also catalyzes the transfer of sialic acid from CMP-sialic acid to O-3 of GgOse4Cer (Gal(beta 1-3)GalNAc(beta 1-4)Gal(beta 1-4)Glc-Cer) to form NeuAc (alpha 2-3)GgOse4Cer (GM1b). Substrate inhibition studies indicate that these two reactions are probably catalyzed by the same enzyme. PMID- 7130182 TI - An allosteric model for the inhibition of glucokinase by long chain acyl coenzyme A. PMID- 7130183 TI - Polymerization of carbamylated deoxyhemoglobin S in concentrated phosphate buffer. AB - To study the effect of carbamylation on the polymerization of deoxyhemoglobin (HB) S, three types of NH2-terminal-carbamylated Hb S specifically modified at the NH2 termini at the alpha, beta, or all four subunit chains, alpha c2 beta sc2, and alpha 2 beta sc2, and epsilon-lysine-carbamylated Hb S were prepared by reacting Hb S with cyanate. The solubility of deoxy-Hb S in concentrated phosphate buffer was increased by carbamylation of the NH2-terminal residues of beta chains. Kinetic studies on the polymerization of purified carbamylated deoxy Hb S showed that the length of the delay time prior to polymerization is related to solubility; carbamylated Hb S with higher solubilities exhibited longer delay times than those with lower solubilities. The delay times for alpha 2 beta sc2 and alpha c2 beta sc2 were prolonged 2-3- and 3-6-fold, respectively, as compared to those of native deoxy-Hb S in 1.8 M phosphate buffer. The logarithmic plot of reciprocal delay time versus hemoglobin concentration of alpha c2 beta s2, alpha 2 beta sc2, and epsilon-lysine-carbamylated deoxy-Hb S showed straight lines with slopes (n values) of 4.0, 3.8, 3.6, and 3.5, respectively. These values are slightly higher than the n value of native deoxy-Hb S (n = 2.7), suggesting that nuclei of carbamylated Hb S are larger than those of native deoxy-Hb S. PMID- 7130184 TI - A rabbit erythrocyte membrane protein associated with L-lactate transport. AB - Chemical Labeling has been employed to attempt to identify the lactate transport protein of rabbit erythrocytes, which have a very high capacity for stereoselective lactate transport. The lactate transport protein catalyzes lactate/proton cotransport (or lactate/hydroxyl exchange) at physiological pH, as demonstrated by uphill proton fluxes induced by lactate gradients. However, lactate/lactate and lactate/pyruvate exchange are considerably more rapid than lactate/proton cotransport. Although the lactate transporter is less sensitive to inhibition by the stilbenedisulfonate derivative H2DIDS (4,4'diisothiocyano-2,2' dihydrostilbenedisulfonate) than is the inorganic anion exchanger (band 3), H2DIDS is nonetheless a reasonably potent inhibitor of the lactate transport. A 1 h treatment with 10(-4) M H2DIDS irreversibly inhibits lactate/lactate exchange by greater than 80%. This inhibition appears to be related to the labeling (by [3H]H2DIDS) of an integral membrane polypeptide of Mr = 43,000. This [3H]H2DIDS labeled polypeptide is absent from human erythrocytes, which have a 100-fold lower Vmax for lactate transport than do rabbit erythrocytes. These experiments suggest that the polypeptide of Mr = 43,000 is a component of the lactate transport system. PMID- 7130185 TI - Studies on histone acetyltransferase. Partial purification and basic properties. AB - A rapid and reproducible method for the purification of rat liver histone acetyltransferase is presented. Extraction of nuclei in low salt, followed by phenyl-Sepharose hydrophobic affinity chromatography, G-200 gel filtration in the presence of 1 M urea, CM-cellulose ion exchange and acetyllysine affinity chromatography minimize exposure of the enzyme to high salt. Evidence is provided which indicates that the instability of the enzyme activity is due in part to hydrophobic interactions. The molecular weight of the enzyme is 96,000 as judged by gel filtration. In agreement with others, the enzyme is unstable in the presence of divalent cations, although a requirement for low concentration of Mg2+ or Ca2+ was observed. The enzyme is also sensitive to sulfhydryl blocking agents and is susceptible to rapid thermal denaturation at 37 and 45 degrees C (t1/2 = 22.2 and 9.54 min, respectively). The optimum pH and the energy of activation for the reaction were pH 7.5 and 5230 +/- 378 cal/mol, respectively. In the presence of all five histones, the enzyme catalyzes the acetylation in the order of H3 greater than H4 greater than H2b greater than H2a greater than H1 and appears to operate in a nonprocessive manner. While no other isozymic forms of nuclear acetyltransferase were detected, the enzyme exhibits the properties of both nuclear isozymic forms which have been reported, histone acetyltransferase A and DB, observed in calf thymus and bovine lymphocytes, respectively. PMID- 7130186 TI - Purification and properties of a cerebroside transfer protein. PMID- 7130187 TI - Estimation of the free energy of stabilization of ribonuclease A, lysozyme, alpha lactalbumin, and myoglobin. AB - The denaturation of ribonuclease A, lysozyme alpha-lactalbumin, and myoglobin by urea, guanidine hydrochloride, and guanidine thiocyanate has been followed with the use of difference spectral measurements. The free energy of stabilization (delta GH2OD) has been determined by the linear extrapolation of the free energy of denaturation to zero denaturant concentration. The values of delta GH2OD are 7.3 +/- 0.2, 8.9 +/- 0.1, 4.3 +/- 0.1;, and 7.9 +/- 0.2 kcal/mol at 25 degrees C for ribonuclease A (pH 7.0), lysozyme (pH 7.0), alpha-lactalbumin (pH 7.0), and myoglobin (pH 6.6), respectively. The dependence of the free energy of denaturation on concentration ranges from 0.88 to 2.08 kcal/mol.M for urea and from 1.27 to 4.22 kcal/mol.M for guanidine hydrochloride for four proteins. The ratio of this dependence in guanidine hydrochloride to that in urea may depend on the polarity of the amino acid residues in the unfolding unit. PMID- 7130188 TI - Antifolate-resistant Chinese Hamster Cells. mRNA directed overproduction of multiple dihydrofolate reductases from a series of independently derived sublines containing amplified dihydrofolate reductase genes. AB - Purification of the dihydrofolate reductases overproduced by 16 independently derived antifolate-resistant sublines of Chinese hamster lung cells and their drug-sensitive parental cell line, DC-3F, has confirmed our original observation that two molecular weight classes of this enzyme, viz. Mr = 21,000 can be overproduced by drug-resistant cells (Melera, P. W., Wolgemuth, D., Biedler, J. L., and Hession, C. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 319-322). Of the 16 drug-resistant sublines analyzed, 12 overproduce the 21,000-dalton enzyme, while 4 overproduce the 20,000-dalton enzyme. Both molecular weight classes are found in the drug sensitive parental line. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the two molecular weight classes of enzyme has shown that each is composed of two isoelectric forms, and that the relative distributions of the isoelectric forms within a molecular weight class are maintained during overproduction. In vitro translation experiments have demonstrated that the synthesis of these isoelectric forms and their relative distributions are mediated by mRNA. Finally, evidence is presented for the existence of two sets of three dihydrofolate reductase mRNAs in overproducing sublines. Both sets, within a subline, encode the same molecular weight class of dihydrofolate reductase, while each set directs the synthesis of only one of the isoelectric forms within that class. Although the genetic basis for these observations is not yet understood, it is clear that the production of dihydrofolate reductase by Chinese hamster lung cells is complex and probably involves the expression of multiple dihydrofolate reductase genes and/or alleles. PMID- 7130189 TI - Turnover of mitochondrial matrix polypeptides in hepatoma monolayer cultures. AB - The degradation rates of mitochondrial matrix polypeptides were examined in nonproliferating hepatoma monolayers. The cultures were first pulsed with [3H]methionine, and after chasing for 41 h in the presence of excess methionine, the cultures were pulsed with [35S]methionine. Sonic extracts from the mitochondrial fraction of the double-labeled cells were then resolved on two dimensional isoelectric focussing-electrophoresis gels in the presence of excess matrix proteins from digitonin-fractionated rat liver mitochondria. Thirty-three of 80 spots appearing upon staining and destaining contained radioactivity significantly above background, indicating that these polypeptides were present in hepatoma as well as liver mitochondria. The half-lives of isolated polypeptides were then determined from their 3H/35S, the 3H/35S of the isolated mitochondria fraction, and the half-life of the mitochondria fraction determined independently from a decay experiment. The 3H/35S of these resolved polypeptides ranged from 0.32 to 1.93, corresponding to calculated half-lives of 17 to 100+ h. The 3H/35S of these same polypeptides from mixed control cultures given [3H]- and [35S]methionine pulses, respectively, at the beginning and end of confluent maintenance in the absence of chase were nearly identical (1.78 +/- 0.17), thus assuring unchanging rates of protein synthesis during the chase experiment. The results show that mitochondrial matrix polypeptides are degraded at heterogeneous rates in these nonproliferating cells. PMID- 7130190 TI - Multiple factors involved in the transcription of class III genes in Xenopus laevis. AB - Cell-free extracts from Xenopus laevis oocytes (ovarian tissue), unfertilized eggs, embryos, and cultured kidney cells direct accurate transcription of cloned 5 S RNA and tRNA genes. Fractionation of these extracts by conventional ion exchange chromatography shows that multiple components are essential for the transcription of each of these genes by RNA polymerase III. Two chromatographically distinct fractions from ovary, egg, embryo, and kidney cell extracts are necessary and sufficient, in the presence of purified RNA polymerase III, for the transcription of tRNA genes. Transcription of 5 S RNA genes requires components present in these same fractions as well as the previously described 5 S gene-specific factor (TFIIIA). The analogous chromatographic fractions from different tissue extracts are functionally interchangeable, consistent with the suggestions that the endogenous factors which are necessary and sufficient for purified gene transcription are general (and not tissue-specific) factors. PMID- 7130192 TI - Endogenous nuclease. Properties and effects on transcribed genes in chromatin. PMID- 7130191 TI - Chicken embryo extracts contain a factor that preferentially blocks the accumulation of RNA polymerase II transcripts in a cell-free system. AB - Chick embryos, chick embryo fibroblasts, and Rous sarcoma virus-transformed chick embryo fibroblasts contain a factor that preferentially blocks the accumulation of DNA-directed RNA polymerase II transcripts. The factor was detected by inhibition of transcription in a cell-free assay system utilizing partially purified RNA polymerase II from calf thymus, soluble factors from HeLa cells, and a purified DNA template. At low concentrations, it specifically prevents the accumulation of RNA polymerase II transcripts; at higher concentrations, it blocks the accumulation of other transcripts. The factor has been partially purified by sequential chromatography on BioRex 70, DNA-cellulose, Bio-Gel P-6, and HPX-87 from extracts of chicken embryos. The activity was resistant to treatment with trypsin, pronase, or micrococcal nuclease. A partial characterization of the molecule indicates that (i) it has an apparent molecular mass of about 200-300 daltons, (ii) it is stable at pH 2 and pH 12 and to heating at 100 degrees C, (iii) it is not extractable by ether or chloroform:methanol, (2:1, v/v), and (iv) it is labile to heating at 800 degrees C. These data suggest that it is a small, hydrolphilic compound probably organic in nature. The factor is active in a transcription assay utilizing either the Rous sarcoma virus Long Terminal Repeat promoter or the chick alpha 2 (Type I) collagen-promoter as DNA templates. The accumulation of promoter-specific transcripts is blocked in a cell free assay utilizing either Rous sarcoma virus-chick embryo fibroblast extracts or HeLa S-100 factors and calf thymus RNA polymerase II. In the absence of S-100, the factor does not appreciably affect the accumulation of randomly initiated transcripts produced by calf thymus RNA polymerase II on a DNA template; this result indicates the factor interacts directly or indirectly with some component(s) of HeLa S-100 to prevent the accumulation of RNA. PMID- 7130193 TI - Hormonal regulation of the conformation of the ovalbumin gene in chick oviduct chromatin. AB - We have examined the effects of steroid hormones in the chromatin sensitivity of the ovalbumin gene to micrococcal nuclease and have attempted to define the importance of the nucleosome core, higher order chromatin folding, and transcription in the maintenance of the nuclease-sensitive conformation of the ovalbumin chromatin. Solution hybridization studies demonstrated that the sensitivity of the ovalbumin gene in oviduct nuclei to micrococcal nuclease paralleled the hormone-dependent transcription of the ovalbumin gene in the immature chick. Blot hybridization analysis also revealed a hormone-dependent change in this chromatin region since ovalbumin DNA fragments from nuclease treated hen and estrogen-stimulated chick oviduct nuclei exhibited nucleosomal repeat patterns that were less discrete than those observed for the ovalbumin specific fragments from liver and hormone-withdrawn oviducts. This transcription related conformation was not the result of enhanced sensitivity of the ovalbumin containing nucleosomal cores since the bulk of the nucleosomes associated with the ovalbumin chromatin were not preferentially cleaved internally by micrococcal nuclease. Rather, an analysis of the fragmentation of the ovalbumin chromatin as a function of digestion extent suggested a mechanism in which the heightened sensitivity resulted from the collective expansion of the nuclease cutting sites in the linker regions of the ovalbumin chromatin because the gene was in an unfolded conformation. The transcription-specific conformation was not merely a consequence of RNA synthesis per se since the selective sensitivity of the gene was unaffected by treatment of oviduct nuclei with alpha-amanitin, actinomycin D, or RNase. In addition, the presence of the transcriptional complex on the ovalbumin chromatin was presumably not required for selective nuclease recognition since preferential cleavage was observed under conditions expected to deplete oviduct nuclei of template-bound RNA polymerase and nascent RNA chains. These results are consistent with a model in which the expressed ovalbumin gene is in an unfolded polynucleosomal structure whose formation is related to transcriptional activity but not dependent on the transcriptional process. PMID- 7130195 TI - Reassociation of histone H1 to H1-depleted polynucleosomes. AB - A new procedure is described for the reassociation of histone H1 to rat liver polynucleosomes selectively depleted of H1 and nonhistone proteins. The fidelity of reconstitution was scrutinized by nuclease digestion and sedimentation studies monitoring the regeneration of structural features which disappear following removal of H1. The results demonstrate that the 166-base pair barrier of digestion with micrococcal nuclease was restored in polynucleosomes reconstituted at the same ratio of H1 per octamer as that found in native nuclei, while association of twice that amount of H1 produced a barrier of digestion at about 178-180 base pairs. Polynucleosomes associated with polylysine exhibited a similar barrier as H1-depleted polynucleosomes. Digestion of H1-reconstituted polynucleosomes with DNase I produced preferentially dinucleosomal DNA fragments in the same manner as that of untreated polynucleosomes. The rate of digestion of H1-reconstituted polynucleosomes by micrococcal nuclease and DNase I was also comparable to that of untreated polynucleosomes. Sedimentation of H1 reconstituted polynucleosomes in a quasi-physiological ionic milieu revealed the regeneration of disassembly-refractory particles, a structural feature of untreated polynucleosomes. We conclude that the nucleosomal and supra-nucleosomal structure of polynucleosomes was reconstituted with fidelity. PMID- 7130194 TI - A stable, high capacity, F-actin affinity column. AB - A high capacity F-actin affinity matrix is constructed by binding fluorescyl actin to rabbit anti-fluorescein IgG that is covalently bound to Sepharose 4B. When stabilized with phalloidin, the actin remains associated with the Sepharose beads during repeated washes, activates the ATPase activity of myosin subfragment 1, and specifically binds 125I-heavy meromyosin and 125I-tropomyosin. The associations between the F-actin affinity matrix and the iodinated F-actin binding proteins are monitored both by affinity chromatography and by a rapid, low speed sedimentation assay. Anti-fluorescein IgG-Sepharose should be generally useful as a matrix for the immobilization of proteins containing accessible, covalently bound fluorescein groups. PMID- 7130196 TI - Rat factor X is synthesized as a single chain precursor inducible by prothrombin fragments. AB - Factor X in plasma is a gamma-carboxylated two-chain glycoprotein which, in activated form, plays a pivotal role in blood coagulation. We have utilized purified rat Factor X antibody, coupled to Sepharose, to isolate and characterize Factor X in rat liver, plasma, and hepatoma cells. Rat factor X is synthesized as a single chain precursor (Mr = 63,000). It is this form which undergoes vitamin K dependent carboxylation in rat liver microsomes. Only after secretion is Factor X converted into its two-chain mature form. Single chain X synthesis and secretion in hepatoma cells is enhanced by vitamin K. The amount of single chain X secreted by these cells is one-half that of prothrombin. The NH2-terminal gamma carboxylated fragments of prothrombin which induce prothrombin synthesis (Graves, C. B., Munns, T. W., Carlisle, T. L., Grant, G. A., and Strauss, A. W. (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 78, 4772-4776) also induce single chain X synthesis by hepatoma cells. We propose that synthesis of all vitamin K-dependent proteins may be regulated by this common control mechanism. PMID- 7130198 TI - Testing of the strain identity of influenza vaccines by haemagglutination inhibition. PMID- 7130199 TI - An investigation of the causes of failures in measles vaccination in early infancy. PMID- 7130197 TI - A simplified method for computer analysis of autoradiograms from two-dimensional gels. AB - A simple method is described for computer analysis of a discrete number of spots on autoradiograms from two-dimensional gels. The method involves digitizing the density data on an autoradiograph with a rotating drum densitometer and displaying the data on a graphics computer terminal. The software allows the operator to select the boundaries of the spots to be analyzed from the terminal, then integrates the the density of the spots and tabulates the data. Graphics options allow the operator to display a computer-generated image of the area of the film being analyzed. Accurate integration of weak or overlapping spots is accomplished by a nonlinear least squares fit of the density data to normal Gaussian curves in the x and y dimensions followed by analytical integration of the equations. Since the software is written in Fortran IV and the equipment required to run the programs is available in most computing centers, this technique should allow laboratories of modest resources to quantitate information from two-dimensional gels. PMID- 7130200 TI - The ten year follow-up of the persistence of humoral antibody to rubella virus acquired by vaccination with the Japanese To-336 vaccine. PMID- 7130201 TI - Gel chromatography and analytical ultracentrifugation applied to quantitation of components of IgG preparations: a comparative study. PMID- 7130202 TI - Behaviour of five commercial measles vaccines in an accelerated stability test. PMID- 7130203 TI - Determination of residual moisture in freeze-dried viral vaccines: Karl Fischer gravimetric and thermogravimetric methodologies. PMID- 7130204 TI - Effect of prolonged walking on concrete on the knees of sheep. AB - Adult sheep were subjected to prolonged activity on hard surfaces by walking them daily on concrete and housing them on tarmac. Control sheep were walked on compliant wood chip surfaces and pastured. After two and a half years significant changes were seen in both the distal femoral articular cartilage and subchondral trabecular bone of the knee joints of the hard surface walkers. The hexosamine content of the articular cartilage in the hard surface walkers was lower and this decrease was more marked in the weight-bearing than in the non-weight-bearing areas of the knee. The trabecular pattern of the subchondral bone became significantly altered, with a marked change in trabecular structure acting to stiffen the tibio-femoral joint at th expense of the patello-femoral articulation. There was a substantial increase in the contiguity ratio of bone in the tibio-femoral area. The cortical thickness of the subchondral plate was increased in both the tibio-femoral and patello-femoral areas. We concluded that significant changes occur in both cartilage and bone as a result of prolonged walking on hard surfaces. PMID- 7130205 TI - Model experiments to study the stress distributions in a seated buttock. AB - Mechanical stress states that develop in the buttock during sitting may exceed tissue tolerance and lead to decubitus ulcer formation in susceptible patients, such as those with spinal cord injury. The danger of this complication can be reduced by using suitable cushions to minimize stress magnitudes and gradients within soft tissues. In this investigation, a two-dimensional physical model of the buttock-cushion system was developed to aid in cushion design. The model consists of PVC gel simulating flesh, cast around a wooden core simulating the ischium bone. A grid etched on the gel permits measurement of strains via photographs of the undeformed and deformed model buttock supported by various cushion materials. The displacement field is analyzed, using a finite strain theory and a strain energy function, to obtain the "tissue stresses'. In this manner, the performances of five clinically used cushion materials were compared with respect to the high stress regimes developed in the model buttock. PMID- 7130206 TI - An automated motion measurement system for clinical gait analysis. AB - An automated motion measurement system using a television camera interfaced to a computer was constructed and evaluated to determine its applicability to clinical gait analysis. Experimental data indicate that the motion measurement system has a resolution of 1 part in 2000 and a static accuracy of 1 part in 1000 with a worst case dynamic error of 1 part in 300. The study has also shown that this system can reliably track multiple passive markers on a human illuminated with infrared light emitting diodes. This approach minimizes patient distraction, since the illumination is not visible, and reduces patient discomfort since a marker telemetry back pack system, to control active markers, is not needed. Further, the motion measurement system has been successfully demonstrated under conditions similar to those expected in a clinical environment. PMID- 7130207 TI - Flow of particles along a deformable tube. AB - Slow viscous flow of rigid particles along a deformable tube of comparable diameter is considered as a possible model for some biological flows. Lubrication theory is assumed to be valid in the fluid region. The cylindrical tube is considered to be a thin elastic shell undergoing small deflections. The mean velocity of the flow is assumed to be maintained at a constant value by the application of a pressure difference over some length including the particle, or by an external force acting directly on the particle. Numerical results are obtained for the force required to maintain the motion and for the distribution of fluid pressure and thickness along the tube as a function of the diameter ratio, dimensionless velocity parameter and the shape of the particle. Effect of the bending resistance of the tube on the flow is also discussed. PMID- 7130208 TI - A method for analysis of bending and shearing deformations in biological tissue. AB - This paper describes a theoretical and experimental approach to the analysis of the deformations of a thin biological tissue. A biological tissue undergoes complex deformations during which normal and shearing strains are produced. These strains can be very large and yet be within the elastic range of the material. The procedure described is demonstrated for the pericardium used in making bioprosthetic heart valves. It is observed that the pericardium exhibits a directional property in which the shearing deformations occur in one direction but not in the opposite direction. By the application of the proposed method, modes of deformation can be determined and modes of failure predicted. PMID- 7130209 TI - Errors in kinematic parameters of a planar joint: guidelines for optimal experimental design. AB - Kinematic characteristics of a body joint performing planar motion are precisely defined by the centers and angles of rotation as the joint undergoes its full range of physiological movement. These potentially (clinically) useful non invasive kinematic parameters are, however, highly sensitive to input coordinate measurement errors and the experimental design. This paper compares results of an experimental study and a statistically based mathematical model of the errors in the centers and angles of rotation. Guidelines are provided to design optimal kinematic experiments so that, for given measurement equipment, the highest possible precision may be achieved in the results. PMID- 7130210 TI - Reaction of mercury with silver-tin dental amalgam alloy. AB - Electron diffraction evidence confirming the ordered orthorhombic crystal structure of the gamma phase of the silver-tin system has been obtained, and it has been established by optical metallography that an alloy with a composition corresponding to the dental amalgam alloy formula Ag3Sn (i.e., 26.85 wt % Sn) lies outside the single gamma phase field and in the duplex (gamma + Sn) phase field adjacent to it. Studies of the mechanism of the hardening reaction of single crystals of homogeneous gamma phase alloys with mercury were carried out using both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Mercury attack occurred preferentially along well-defined planes in the single crystals. Using electron channeling and trace analysis techniques these planes of preferential attack were found to be [010] and [011], and from transmission electron microscopy of thin foils these were shown to be slip bands and deformation twins, respectively. In bicrystals of gamma phase material, preferential attack also occurred along grain boundaries. Similar preferential mercury attack, leading to the development of deep planar intrusions into the gamma phase material, was observed in an experimental dental amalgam prepared from a lathe-cut homogeneous gamma phase amalgam alloy. It is believed that the presence of such features would have important implications for the clinical performance of dental amalgam. PMID- 7130211 TI - The nature of the zinc polycarboxylate cement matrix. AB - The matrix of a stoichiometric zinc polycarboxylate cement has been shown to be identical with zinc polycarboxylate salt, which consists principally of neutralized carboxylate, groups with a few free acid groups. When excess zinc oxide is present, as in practical cements, there are no free acid groups present. There is no evidence for the formation of a chelate. Both salt and cement matrices are amorphous. The formation of the salt appears to control time dependent changes in the consistency of the cement pastes. PMID- 7130212 TI - Durability of pyrolytic carbon-containing heart valve prostheses. AB - To assess abrasive wear of mechanical valve prostheses containing pyrolytic carbon components, we recovered at necropsy or surgery and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and surface profilometry eight prostheses. Seven were implanted for 30-85 (mean 50 months. Valves included DeBakey aortic (2), DeBakey mitral (1), Beall mitral (2), Bjork-Shiley aortic (1), Cooley-Cutter mitral (1), and Lillehei-Kaster (L-K) tricuspid (1). All carbon occluders had undetectable wear. Carbon cage struts had a superficial burnish. Metallic struts had insignificant wear marks. In contrast, a Teflon Beall Model 104 valve implanted for 34 days and similarly analyzed had considerable material loss from the cage struts. This study suggests that clinically important abrasive wear will not be a late complication of cardiac valve replacement with pyrolytic carbon prostheses. PMID- 7130214 TI - Zinc oxide eugenol cements. VI. Effect of zinc oxide type on the setting reactions. AB - The particle size and adsorbed water on zinc oxide from various sources have been investigated and related to the reactivity with eugenol. The reactivity of zinc oxide with eugenol alone increases with the amount of water reversibly adsorbed. When 1% acetic acid is added to eugenol, the reactivity increases as the particle size of the oxide decreases. Generally, zinc oxide powders are deactivated by heat treatment because of coalescence of particles and loss of the ability to readsorb water. PMID- 7130213 TI - Effect of pore size on the peel strength of attachment of fibrous tissue to porous-surfaced implants. AB - Twenty-four rectangular metal plates were fabricated with surface regions in three different pore size ranges (5-20 microns, 20-50 microns, 50-200 microns). The plates were implanted into the dorsal subcutaneous tissue of 12 adult mongrel dogs for periods of 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks. After animal sacrifice, the fibrous tissue which adhered to the porous-surfaced regions of each plate was mechanically peeled off to give an indication of the strength of tissue attachment. The tissue was examined by both transmitted light and scanning electron microscopy. At each time period, the tissue that contacted the porous regions was found to be collagenized fibroconnective tissue. The mechanical tests indicated an increasing strength of tissue attachment with increasing implantation time and pore size range. The largest pore size range of approximately 50-200 microns produced a mean peel strength of attachment of 27.5 g/mm at the 16-week period. PMID- 7130215 TI - The creep compliance of dental amalgam in the stress range of 20-80 MPa. AB - The continuous compressive creep curves of four distinct types of one-week-old dental amalgam were monitored for one day on a specially designed mini-specimen creep apparatus. Creep conditions included three different applied constant stress levels (20, 40, and 80 MPa), and temperatures ranging from 0 degrees C to 60 degrees C. To compensate for changing dimensions at high creep strains, the data was converted to terms of compressive creep compliance. For all types of dental amalgam, compressive creep increased both with increased applied stress and with increased test temperature. The two high copper systems evaluated appear to approach a steady-state creep condition up to the highest temperatures tested, but the two conventional amalgams appear to change their creep exponent precipitously at temperatures above 45 degrees C. PMID- 7130216 TI - Long-term in vivo studies of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate). AB - Poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) was implanted subcutaneously in rats, hamsters, and guinea pigs for up to 24, 23, and 13 months, respectively. The tissue response and tumorigenesis caused by PHEMA were compared among the three species of the animals. Thick fibrous capsule formation and tumor production were noted only in rats, while no tumorigenesis and thin fibrous capsule formation were observed in hamsters and guinea pigs. These results support our previous hypothesis that animals producing a thick and avascular capsule tend to develop tumors at the implant site. PHEMA retrieved was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and x-ray energy dispersive analysis. Calcium and phosphorus were the main elements detected on the surface of PHEMA implants. PHEMA is suggested to be not suitable for long-term implant material. PMID- 7130217 TI - A new coupling agent for composite materials: 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitic anhydride. AB - Composite materials were made by sedimention of ceramic powders in methyl methacrylate which was then polymerized by gamma-irradiation. Inclusion of 4 methacryloxyethyl trimellitic anhydride (4-META) generally was found to result in an increase in Knoop hardness number, Young's modulus, and transverse strength. Most emphasis was placed on transverse strength which was found to be increased by ca. 30% by inclusion of 4-META (5 wt %) in composites made with silanated LiAlSiO4. However an abrupt decrease in strength was found for composites with greater than ca. 83 wt % silanated LiAlSiO4. This was shown by fractography to be due to increased porosity and dewetting at the higher filler contents. Fractography also indicated that inclusion of 4-META results in a more coherent polymeric matrix. Further evidence for greater coherence was obtained by showing that 4-META confers resistance to disintegration by chloroform. PMID- 7130218 TI - Strain-controlled fatigue of acrylic bone cement. AB - Monotonic tensile tests and tension-compression fatigue tests were conducted of wet acrylic bone cement specimens at 37 degrees C. All testing was conducted in strain control at a strain rate of 0.02/s. Weibull analysis of the tensile tests indicated that monotonic fracture was governed more strongly by strain than stress. The number of cycles to fatigue failure was also more strongly controlled by strain amplitude than stress amplitude. Specimen porosity distribution played a major role in determining the tensile and fatigue strengths. The degree of data scatter suggests that Weibull analysis of fatigue data may be useful in developing design criteria for the surgical use of bone cement. PMID- 7130219 TI - Controlled release rate of a lipophilic drug (BCNU) from a refillable silicone rubber device. AB - The release rates of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), an anticancer drug, from various kinds of silicone and silicone-nylon implantable and refillable devices were investigated in vitro. The devices were made with different surface areas and wall thicknesses. The relation of the release rate at steady state to the surface area and the relation of the release rate per unit surface area to the wall thickness were determined. The relationship among the release rate, the surface area, and the wall thickness was analyzed using the multiple regression method, and is represented on a three-dimensional graph. The multiple regression equation predicts the release rate from the surface area and the wall thickness; the release rate can also be read from a nomogram that is presented. PMID- 7130220 TI - Thin film PMMA precoating for improved implant bone-cement fixation. PMID- 7130221 TI - Failure of ceramic hip endoprostheses by slow crack growth--lifetime prediction. AB - The slow crack propagation velocity v, which depends on the stress intensity factor K, has been measured for three different high-density aluminas. Assuming a load history for the prosthesis which approximates conditions during walking, the lifetimes of the components of a total hip endoprosthesis were calculated as a function of the initial flaw size. Different geometries for the preexisting cracks, as well as varying physiological parameters, were considered. It is shown that the lifetime is very dependent on the quality of the material and that it is reduced by increased body weight, walking speed, and varus positioning. Comparison of failure behavior in different parts of the femoral component showed that flaws in the stem must be one order of magnitude smaller than those in the neck to achieve comparable lifetimes. PMID- 7130222 TI - On the characterization of porosity in PTFE-carbon composite implant materials by mercury porosimetry. AB - Questions have been raised about the use of mercury intrusion porosimetry to measure interconnecting pore sizes and void volumes in relatively soft and flexible materials such as porous implant composites of PTFE and carbon fibers. We have studied the effect of precompression of one such commercial composite on the mercury intrusion curves which cover all pore diameters greater than about 16 microns, the range of interest for tissue ingrowth applications. Prior compression by a pressure 20% greater than that encountered by the material during a mercury intrusion experiment did not change the ensuing pore size distribution curve, as compared with a noncompressed sample. Deformation of the material at higher pressures sufficient to decrease the sample volume inelastically by 17, 33, and 67% changed the shape of the mercury intrusion curves significantly, indicating that this technique can be used to detect prior deformation of an "unknown" sample. In the undeformed material, less than 15% of the total void as measured by mercury porosimetry consists of interconnecting pores greater than 100 microns in diameter and more than 50% of the void volume is composed of pores less than 40 microns in diameter. PMID- 7130223 TI - Academic focus: the biomaterials program at the University of Washington (Seattle). PMID- 7130224 TI - Conversion in denture base polymers. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to determine residual monomers, the insoluble gel fraction, and singly reacted dimethacrylate monomers in heat polymerized, auto-polymerized conventional and pour-type denture base materials. Residual monomers were determined by HPLC analysis of tetrahydrofuran extracts of denture base polymers. The gel fraction was determined by gravimetric analysis of the nonextractable portion. The pendant methacrylate groups in the gel fraction were determined by quantitative IR (infrared) spectrometry. It was demonstrated that the heat-polymerized materials had the lowest content of residual monomers. Generally, the content of pendant methacrylate groups in the gel was dependent on the initial quantity of crosslinking agent in the monomer liquids. The gel fractions of the heat-polymerized materials were larger than the quantity of reacted monomers and were also dependent on the quantity of crosslinking agent. These findings showed that some of the linear prepolymer, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), had been incorporated into the crosslinked polymer system. The gel fraction of the auto-polymerized pour-type materials corresponded to the quantity of reacted monomers, whereas the conventional auto-polymerized materials took an intermediate position between pour type materials and heat-polymerized materials in this respect. PMID- 7130225 TI - The hazards of biopsy in patients with malignant primary bone and soft-tissue tumors. PMID- 7130226 TI - The natural history of congenital scoliosis. A study of two hundred and fifty-one patients. PMID- 7130227 TI - The relationship between tourniquet pressure and underlying soft-tissue pressure in the thigh. AB - Soft-tissue pressures in specimens of the lower extremities of cadavera, obtained following hip disarticulation, were measured directly beneath a pneumatic thigh tourniquet to establish the relationship between the tourniquet pressure and underlying soft-tissue pressure. It was found that the tissue pressure was consistently lower than the tourniquet pressure and that the percentage of tourniquet pressure reflected in the underlying tissue varied inversely with the circumference of the thigh. It was also found that the pressure decreased with increasing depth of the soft tissue. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: the use of a pneumatic tourniquet is potentially associated with injury to underlying muscles, vessels, and nerves if excessive pressure occurs beneath the tourniquet. In order to minimize the risk of soft-tissue injury, the lowest tourniquet pressure that maintains a bloodless field should be used. A nomogram based on data generated in this experiment is provided as a guide to determining appropriate tourniquet pressures. PMID- 7130228 TI - Some vagaries of the radial head and neck. PMID- 7130230 TI - Spine fusion in patients with spinal muscular atrophy. PMID- 7130229 TI - Physiological bowing and tibia vara. The metaphyseal-diaphyseal angle in the measurement of bowleg deformities. AB - The metaphyseal-diaphyseal angle is the angle created by the intersection of a line through the transverse plane of the proximal tibial metaphysis with a line perpendicular to the long axis of the tibial diaphysis. This angle represents the degree of deformity of the proximal end of the tibia in a patient with clinical bowleg deformity and permits early differentiation between infantile tibia vara and physiological bowleg, before the appearance of the radiographic changes of tibia vara. In twenty-nine of thirty affected extremities with an initial metaphyseal-diaphyseal angle of more than 11.0 degrees, radiographic changes of tibia vara later developed. However, only three of fifty-eight extremities with a metaphyseal-diapyseal angle of 11.0 degrees or less had any of the diagnostic changes. In addition, the ratio of the metaphyseal-diaphyseal angle (proximal tibial metaphyseal deformity) to the tibiofemoral angle (deformity of the entire extremity) showed that approximately 60 per cent of the deformity in tibia vara originates in the proximal metaphysis, whereas only 20 per cent of the deformity in physiological bowing originates there. The metaphyseal-diaphyseal angle allows accurate early diagnosis of bowleg deformity, as well as accurate assessment of its progression. PMID- 7130231 TI - Changes in the bone-cement interface after total hip replacement. An in vivo animal study. AB - In order to study the temporal sequence of radiographic, histological, mechanical, bacteriological, and chemical changes around the femoral component following total hip replacement, a model was created by implanting plastic-on metal total hip replacements in sheep and walking the animals on a concrete surface beginning six weeks postoperatively. This model demonstrated a decreased torsional rigidity between the prosthesis and the femoral cortex in all sheep. Failure of bonding occurred at the bone-cement interface and appears from our results to be most probably due to alterations in the functional stress of the proximal end of the femur following insertion of the femoral component rather than exothermic polymerization, toxicity of free monomer residue, or infection. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: An understanding of the causes of loosening of cemented metal femoral components in total hip replacement has been thwarted by a lack of specimens at sequential times in the loosening process. Since a patient is not operated on until the prosthetic components are completely loose, such specimens are difficult to obtain clinically. For this reason a model for examining the bone-cement interface, measured by decreased torsional rigidity of the prosthesis relative to the bone, was developed in sheep. Of all the parameters studied, those inherent in the effects (mechanical or vascular, or both) of insertion of the prosthesis itself appeared to be the most likely cause of the change in the mechanical properties of the interface. This suggests that degenerative changes of the bone-cement interface may be inevitable. PMID- 7130232 TI - In vitro stability of the implanted total condylar prosthesis. Effects of joint load and of sectioning the posterior cruciate ligament. PMID- 7130233 TI - Isolation of proliferating chondrocytes from bovine growth-plate cartilage by rate-zonal centrifugation in a Ficoll density gradient. AB - A method has been developed for the isolation of growth-plate chondrocytes with different biochemical properties by rate-zonal centrifugation in a Ficoll density gradient. Bovine calf growth plates were first incubated in F-12 medium in the presence of 3H-thymidine to label proliferating chondrocytes. The tissue was then digested with collagenase and the isolated cells were fractionated in a Ficoll density gradient. The chondrocytes, which sedimented into eleven fractions, were analyzed for 3H-thymidine and inorganic pyrophosphatase activity. Chondrocytes that were maximally labeled with 3H-thymidine and contained maximum pyrophosphatase contents were separated in the most dense, bottom fractions of the gradient. These chondrocytes, which were apparently derived from the zone of proliferating chondrocytes, remained viable. This procedure should be applicable to the study of the biochemical properties of chondrocytes from the different zones of normal and diseased growth plates. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A procedure has been developed to separate proliferating chondrocytes from hypertrophic chondrocytes and to isolate the proliferating chondrocytes in a viable state. This procedure should make it possible to study in vitro some of te biochemical processes that are involved in normal endochondral ossification, the regulation of these processes, and the alterations that occur in these processes in the presence of growth disorders and disturbances in endochondral ossification. PMID- 7130234 TI - Tharies surface replacement for osteonecrosis of the femoral head. PMID- 7130235 TI - Pneumoscrotum as a complication of arthroscopy. A case report. PMID- 7130236 TI - Two osteoid-osteomas in one patient. A case report. PMID- 7130239 TI - Biopsy of musculoskeletal tumors. PMID- 7130238 TI - Simplified aspiration or injection technique for the sacro-iliac joint. PMID- 7130237 TI - Pseudarthrosis: a late cause of paraparesis after scoliosis surgery. A case report. PMID- 7130240 TI - Hemostatic changes and postoperative deep-vein thrombosis associated with use of a pneumatic tourniquet. PMID- 7130241 TI - Carcinogenicity of N-alkyl-N-(acetoxymethyl)nitrosamines after subcutaneous injections in F-344 rats. AB - As model compounds for metabolically activated N,N-dialkylnitrosamines, five N alkyl-N-(acetoxymethyl)nitrosamines were synthesized and their carcinogenicity was tested in F-344 rats of both sexes. Compounds used in this study are N-methyl (MAMN), N-ethyl-(EAMN), N-propyl-(PAMN), N-butyl-(BAMN), and N-isobutyl-N (acetoxymethyl)nitrosamines (i-BAMN). All chemicals were dissolved in olive oil and rats received 10 weekly subcutaneous injections of these chemicals (10 X 5 mg MAMN or equimolar amounts of other chemicals) at the interscapular region. Subcutaneous tumors were detected in many rats of all groups treated with the chemicals, although no tumor was detected in the control group. Lung and/or thyroid tumors were also observed in many rats in the experimental groups. The incidence of subcutaneous tumors was highest in EAMN, followed in order by MAMN, PAMN, BAMN, and i-BAMN. On the contrary, the incidence of lung and thyroid tumors was highest in MAMN and decreased as the length of the alkyl chain of the chemicals increased. Histologically, almost all subcutaneous tumors were malignant fibrous histiocytomas. The results indicate that the chemicals possess systemic as well as local carcinogenicity in F-344 rats. The potent carcinogenic effects at the injection site of the alpha-acetoxy nitrosamines, coupled with their direct mutagenic activity reported previously, support the notion that these derivatives are useful as models for the ultimate form in the metabolic activation of N,N-dialkylnitrosamines. PMID- 7130242 TI - Particle-bound DNA polymerase activity in haematological disorders and normal controls. AB - A DNA polymerase present in particles with a density greater than 1.20 g/cm3 and capable of using a synthetic RNA template has been sought in human malignancies. This report deals with a study of a great number of peripheral-blood samples from normal controls and patients with malignant and non-neoplastic haematological disorders. For screening purposes a simplified detection test was used. In 63 controls low levels of enzyme activity were found. The enzyme activities showed a biphasic distribution pattern. Three out of 53 patients with non-neoplastic, miscellaneous haematological disorders had an elevated enzyme level associated with active viral infections (hepatitis, mononucleosis infectiosa). In 128 patients suffering from haematological malignancies 18 out of 21 cases of elevated enzyme level were associated with the presence of more than 10% pathological cells in the white blood cell fraction. PMID- 7130243 TI - Clinical data of granulosa cell tumors. AB - Clinical data from Granulosa cell tumors (GCT) of the ovary were compared with data from 528 cases of malignant ovarian tumor in regard to symptomatology, treatment and prognosis. GCT are more frequent under the age of 30 and their biology requires a clinical separation from other feminizing mesenchymal tumors. Irregularities of uterine bleeding as a result of hormonal activity were the most frequent symptoms, explaining why their diagnosis is earlier than in ovarian cancer. The 5-year survival rates were similar when tumor stages were compared. GCT is associated with a frequency of late recurrences after 5, 10 or more years but a potential risk of malignancy is not related to clinical or histological criteria. Abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingoophorectomy is standard treatment, whereas radiation and chemotherapy seem to be of little value. PMID- 7130244 TI - "Activated" monocytes in gastric cancer patients. I. Increased Fc receptor expression, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and NBT reduction. AB - The Fc receptor expression, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and nitro-blue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction of peripheral blood monocytes from 150 patients with different stages of gastric cancer was assessed and compared with results obtained in 77 normal persons and 104 patients with non-malignant diseases of the gut. Monocytes of cancer patients showed an increased ability to form rosettes with human 0, Rh + erythrocytes coated with D-specific antibody. ADCC and NBT reduction were also elevated but no correlation was found with the stage of disease. However, all these phenomena were related to the tumor load as elevated values were the same 4-6 months after surgery in the unresectable-tumor group, while they decreased in patients with resectable tumors. These observations suggest that monocytes of some cancer patients are functionally altered ("activated") in the course of disease. PMID- 7130246 TI - Adjuvant chemotherapy and venous thrombosis. PMID- 7130247 TI - Sensitization of clonogenic malignant cells to hyperthermia by glucose-mediated, tumor-selective pH reduction. AB - The fraction of clonogenic cells (as assayed by colony formation in semisolid agar medium) in neurogenic TV1A tumor transplants carried subcutaneously by hyperglycemic BDIX rats (serum glucose concentration 50 mmoles/1; average intratumoral pH 6.1) was reduced by a factor of approximately 2.5 X 10(3) after in vivo exposure to 42.2 degrees C for 1 h. The corresponding reduction factor for TV1A tumors in normoglycemic rats was about 20 (serum glucose concentration 6 mmoles/1; average intratumoral pH 6.9). Hyperglycemia without hyperthermic treatment reduced clonogenicity by a factor of about 18 ("glucose-mediated suicide"). PMID- 7130245 TI - Anticoagulant treatment of rats with Walker 256 carcinosarcoma. AB - Various anticoagulant, antiplatelet, and fibrinolytic agents have been found to be effective in reducing metastatic growth of experimental animal tumors. This effectiveness is attributed to the requirement for hemostatic factors in the implantation and growth of metastases. However, clotting and platelet factors are also present at the site of a primary tumor, the Walker 256 carcinosarcoma. Yet maximally tolerated doses of heparin or warfarin did not affect the primary growth of this rat tumor. PMID- 7130248 TI - Biological assays for irritant tumor-initiating and -promoting activities. I. Kinetics of the irritant response in relation to the initiation-promoting activity of polyfunctional diterpenes representing tigliane and some daphnane types. AB - The kinetics of the irritant response on the mouse ear [erythema measured quantitatively by the irritant dose 50 (ID50)] and its relation to the initiation promoting activity on the back skin of NMRI mice of some polyfunctional diterpene esters were investigated: (1) A very rapid and transient erythema response is associated with low or absent promoting activity (2) an early and more persistent erythema response in most cases is associated with moderate-to-high promoting activity, and (3) a relatively late onset but persistence up to at least 24 h of the erythema response is associated with high promoting activity. These results may indicate a relationship between the kinetics of the erythema response and the initiation-promoting activity of diterpene esters. The comparatively low promoting activity of esters carrying polyunsaturated acyl functions may indicate the importance of pharmacological parameters such as bioavailability and stability in the biological system, drug-receptor interaction, and "intrinsic activity" of the diterpene esters. PMID- 7130249 TI - Effect of diazepam on microsomal diethylnitrosamine metabolism in gerbils. AB - Dealkylation of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) by a liver microsomal fraction was measured after treatment of the Mongolian gerbil with DEN, Valium, or DEN plus Valium. Valium-dosed male and female animals showed strongly stimulated deethylase levels compared with the controls. This was also true of the DEN treated females. Combined treatment (DEN + Valium) resulted in a significant loss of activity compared with treatment with DEN only, but was not significantly lower than that in the controls. Significant differences were also found between the experimental groups in microsomal enzymes. Metabolism of 14C-DEN to 14CO2 by gerbil liver slices in vitro showed dose-dependent inhibition by Valium. Kinetic analysis of DEN-dealkylation by purified gerbil microsomes revealed at least two Km values. In the microsomal system, diazepam inhibited DEN-dealkylation significantly at low substrate levels. PMID- 7130251 TI - Carcinogenic effect of low doses of nitrosopyrrolidine administered in drinking water to Syrian golden hamsters. AB - Three groups of Syrian golden hamsters each consisting of 30 males and 30 females were given three different doses of nitrosopyrrolidine in their drinking water for the duration of their lives. The animals mainly showed hepatocellular neoplasms. Males were more affected than females and tumor incidence was found to be dose-dependent. No liver tumors were seen in females that received the lowest dose. PMID- 7130250 TI - Development and properties of malignant lymphoma induced by magnesium deficiency in rats. AB - Female wistar rats were fed on an Mg-deficient diet. After 8 to 10 weeks, the thymus glands were strongly degenerated and the number of lymphocytes was reduced, especially in the cortex. Thymus degeneration was associated with a decreased rate of DNA, RNA, and protein biosynthesis and necrosis and phagocytosis of lymphocytes. The degeneration was normalized after feeding on an Mg-rich diet. After 10 or 11 weeks of Mg deficiency, local cell proliferations of immature lymphocytes with a great number of free ribosomes were found in some thymus glands. The local cell proliferations developed into infiltrating tumors without metastases. In lymphoma cells the Na+ and Ca2+ content, the turnover of cellular Na+ and K+, and the aerobic production of CO2 and lactate were increased. PMID- 7130252 TI - Tumor promoters specifically and reversibly disturb development and behavior of Caenorhabditis elegans. AB - The effect of phorbol ester tumor promoters on the development and behavior of a free-living soil nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, was studied. When young developing C. elegans were grown on E. coli-seeded agar with low concentrations (0.1 microgram/ml) of 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate or phorbol-12,13 didecanoate, their growth was arrested. These tumor promoters reduced the brood size when gravid adults were treated and caused uncoordinated movement in animals treated at any stage of development. The effects of these tumor promoters on nematode development and behavior were partially reversible. The nonpromoting derivatives phorbol and 4 alpha-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate showed no effect on the animals. PMID- 7130253 TI - Experimental chemotherapy with N'N'-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea (BCNU) in autochthonous neurogenic tumors of the rat transplacentally induced by ethylnitrosourea. AB - Autochthonous neurogenic tumors of the rat induced by transplacental application of ethylnitrosourea were used for the first time to study their suitability as tumor models for experimental chemotherapy. Of 189 transplacentally treated rats, 87% developed neurogenic tumors. After the initial clinical diagnosis of a neurogenic tumor, additional malignant tumors often occurred. The mean number of neurogenic tumors from 62 untreated control rats increased from 1.0 per rat at the time of randomization to 1.2 as revealed by autopsy and 1.5 tumors by histological examinations. Out of all neurogenic tumors, tumors of the brain were observed in 31%, tumors of cranial nerves in 36% (90% tumors of trigeminal nerve), tumors of spinal cord in 21%, and tumors of peripheral nerves in 10%. The median survival time until natural death of 62 control rats was 228 days. Rats with tumors of peripheral nerves lived shortest, followed by rats with tumors of cranial nerves, tumors of the spinal cord, and brain tumors. Brain tumors were mainly astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas. The survival time of untreated rats from randomization to natural death was longest for those with brain tumors, followed by tumors of peripheral nerves, cranial nerves, and tumors of the spinal cord. There was great variation in survival time from a few days to more than 6 months. To study the responsiveness to chemotherapy, 62 rats received BCNU as a single intravenous dose of 9 and later 10 mg/kg. Sixty-two untreated control rats had a median survival time of 36 days (95% confidence interval 26-52 days), the treated rats 43.5 days (26-62 days). The difference was not statistically significant. BCNU produced a remission or a no change of neurologic symptoms in 60% (37 out of 62) in comparison to 39% (24 out of 62) in the control group (p less than 0.05). The advantages and disadvantages of the present models are discussed. Due to methodical problems and the marginal response to BCNU, autochthonous neurogenic tumors of the rat are not suitable as models for chemotherapeutic studies. PMID- 7130255 TI - Perioperative stroke during carotid endarterectomy: the value of intraoperative angiography. AB - Stroke following carotid endarterectomy is ordinarily attributed to carotid occlusion without adequate shunting, to embolization of air, atheroma, or thrombus, or to the elevation of an intimal flap. In 146 carotid endarterectomies in which intraoperative arteriography was not used, we observed a mortality of 4.8% and an incidence of perioperative stroke of 6.8%. In a subsequent group of patients in which 137 endarterectomies were performed with 107 intraoperative arteriograms to assess the immediate post-surgical results, there was a mortality of 1.5% and an incidence of perioperative stroke of 3.6%. We attribute this difference, in part, to the revision of 12 internal carotid artery defects observed on the arteriograms. Intraoperative arteriography was easy to perform and without complication; however, we recommend that consideration be given to ultrasound as a potentially useful way in the future of assessing technical results. PMID- 7130256 TI - Inflammatory aneurysms of the abdominal aorta with associated ureteric obstruction or medial deviation. AB - Six cases of ureteric involvement in the retroperitoneal fibrosis associated with inflammatory aneurysms of the abdominal aorta are described. Though of uncertain aetiology, such aneurysms appear to constitute a distinct disease entity. The treatment of choice of an inflammatory aneurysm with ureteric obstruction is aneurysmectomy and ureterolysis. In unfit patients, ureterolysis alone or the administration of steroids is indicated. Pre-operative diagnosis of aneurysms of the inflammatory type may be possible with the aid of intravenous urography and erythrocyte sedimentation rate determination. The value of ultrasonography and computed tomography in diagnosis is still to be proven. Some modification of the standard technique of aneurysmectomy may be necessary when other retroperitoneal structures have been rendered inseparable from the aortic wall due to their involvement in the dense inflammatory fibrous reaction. PMID- 7130254 TI - Biochemical correlation of glycogen content and activity of some enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in rat liver during early stages of carcinogenesis. AB - The livers of rats treated for 12 weeks with N-nitrosomorpholine (80 mg/1 drinking water) were investigated on the day of carcinogen withdrawal (12 + 0 weeks) and 8 weeks after cessation of treatment (12 + 8 weeks). The glycogen content in relation to the DNA and protein content of the liver and the activities of glycogen synthetase, glycogen phosphorylase, glucose-6-phosphatase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were determined in the liver homogenates. The glycogen content of the livers was slightly elevated at both times investigated. Phosphorylase and synthetase activities showed no clear alterations in livers of treated animals as compared with controls. Glucose-6-phosphatase activity was significantly reduced at 12 + 0 weeks and returned to normal values at 12 + 8 weeks. The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was unchanged at 12 + 0 weeks, but exhibited a significant increase at 12 + 8 weeks. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with staining of the gels by an assay specific for the glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase-catalysed reaction revealed the same pattern of active bands in treated and untreated animals but with higher activities in two bands originating from extracts of nitrosomorpholine-treated livers. PMID- 7130257 TI - Hydronephrosis following aorto-femoral bypass grafts. AB - Hydronephrosis is reported to be an infrequent late complication of aortofemoral bypass operations. To more clearly define the true incidence of the problem, excretory urograms were performed on 53 asymptomatic patients following successful aortic reconstruction. Unilateral hydronephrosis was found in seven of 50 patients (14%) in whom aortofemoral bifurcation grafts were placed. In each instance, the ureteral obstruction occurred at the point where the ureter crossed the graft limb. Dilatation was mild or moderate in all cases, with no significant deterioration of renal function. All seven patients underwent extensive urologic evaluation and have been followed nonoperatively to date. Hydronephrosis produced in a canine aortic-graft model suggests that a dense fibrotic reaction occurs surrounding the prosthesis, and invades the muscular wall of the ureter. Ureteral obstruction after aortofemoral bypass appears to occur more often than previously thought. Routine pre- and post-operative IVP studies are indicated. If renal function remains good, careful follow-up without re-operation seems warranted. PMID- 7130259 TI - Quantitative and functional changes in platelets and their preservation during extracorporeal circulation. AB - Platelet count, ADP-aggregation and adhesiveness of platelets, fibrinogen, FDP, and prothrombin time were examined in 50 patients who had undergone open cardiac surgery. Ticlopidine (250 mg/day) and Dipyridamole (1-2 mg/day) were administered prior to the extracorporeal circulation and the platelet inhibitory effects were compared. Platelet count was reduced markedly with the initiation of bypass and the low level was maintained until the 3rd postoperative day. Hyperthrombocythemia was found after a week. ADP induced platelet aggregation and platelet adhesiveness were markedly depressed by the ACC. Fibrinogen showed low level during the ECC but the hyper-fibrinogenemic state was observed in postoperative course. FDP showed an abnormally high value in nearly half the cases, particularly in the cases of valvular replacement. Ticlopidine markedly depressed the ADP-aggregation and Dipyridamole reduced platelet adhesiveness and thus both drugs showed a prophylactic effect in the reduction of platelets. PMID- 7130258 TI - Valve repair versus replacement in the surgical management of ruptured chordae. A post-operative echocardiographic assessment of mitral valve function. AB - Between January 1971 and December 1978, 74 patients (pts) underwent surgery for ruptured chordae (RC) of the mitral valve. Thirty-eight patients underwent mitral valve replacement and 36 patients underwent repair. The hospital mortality was 8.3% after repair and 7.9% after replacement. Repair was performed by trapezoidal excision of redundant leaflet, re-approximation of the leaflet edges and annuloplasty. At six years the incidence of re-operation after repair was 3% (1/33) and after mitral valve replacement was 14.7% (5/35). The five years survival was 68 +/- 8% after mitral valve replacement and 100% after repair. The incidence of major thrombo-embolic episodes was 0.67 per 100 patient years, without anticoagulation, after repair and 5.7 per 100 patient years, with anticoagulation, following mitral valve replacement. The peak rate of dimension change (PRDC) of the transverse dimension of the left ventricle was determined by echocardiography in 17 patients after repair. The PRDC was within normal range (10/20 cms/sec) in 15 patients, in the stenotic range (10 cms/sec) in 1 patient, and in the regurgitant range (20 cms/sec) in 1 patient. Mitral valve replacement invariably produces PRDC values in the stenotic range. Valve repair is the procedure of choice in ruptured chordae of the posterior leaflet. PMID- 7130260 TI - Postoperative hemolysis and its prevention in corrective surgery of truncus arteriosus. AB - Two cases of truncus arteriosus type I associated with truncal valve insufficiency were operated upon with the Rastelli's procedure. The first case of 3-year-old boy died from severe hemolysis which was caused by the regurgitant jet from the truncal valve running against the rough-surfaced Dacron patch for the VSD. The second case of 12-month-old girl was treated with a Dacron patch lined with an autologous pericardial pedicle. Her postoperative course was uneventful. The authors discuss the potential risk and prevention of postoperative hemolysis in corrective surgery of the truncus arteriosus with truncal valve insufficiency. PMID- 7130261 TI - False aneurysm from the aortic vent site. AB - False aneurysm from the aortic vent site is an uncommon complication following open heart surgery. An ascending aorta false aneurysm developed in a patient four months after mitral and aortic valve replacement. Extensive adhesions precluded aortic dissection and cross-clamping. Femoro-femoral cannulation, low flow, low pressure, and low temperature cardiopulmonary by-pass was used. The aneurysm was resected and then repaired with a Dacron patch. A Foley catheter was placed in the ascending aorta through the defect to obtain a bloodless field. This surgical approach can be useful in managing this difficult situation. PMID- 7130262 TI - The air splint: a method of managing below knee amputations. PMID- 7130263 TI - Criteria for prognostic evaluation of the results of lumbar sympathectomy: clinical, haemodynamic and angiographic findings. AB - Lumbar sympathectomy still has an important role in the surgical treatment of occlusive peripheral arterial diseases of the lower limbs located below the inguinal ligament, when the presence of peripheral lesions makes revascularization difficult. A consecutive series of 143 patients who underwent lumbar sympathectomy was considered, and the clinical, angiographic and haemodynamic findings evaluated. Haemodynamic studies on these patients showed a relation between the clinical improvement and the pressure index, measured at the ankle before lumbar sympathectomy. The patients with pressure index values above 0.5 had a symptomatic improvement whereas the patients with a pressure index below 0.3 gave less good results. It is therefore believed that lumbar sympathectomy showed not be considered a second operative choice but an elective operation, especially in patients affected by lesion of the superficial femoral artery, the popliteal artery and its branches, with pressure indices above 0.5 where revascularization is not possible. PMID- 7130264 TI - Successful resection of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm into the inferior vena cava, in the presence of a horseshoe kidney. Case report and review of the literature. AB - The case of an abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture into the inferior vena cava, in the presence of a horseshoe kidney, with a successful operative outcome, is presented. The critical status due to severe venous hypertension and associated kidney fusion, is particularly emphasized from the point of view of anomalous renal vascular supply and respective major technical problems encountered. Importance of preliminary operative planning and imperative need for inferior vena cava control are particularly stressed with various patterns of anomalous kidney fusion discussed. PMID- 7130266 TI - The importance of intra-aortic balloon pumping in the management of coronary artery laceration. PMID- 7130265 TI - Interrupted aortic arch associated with aortic septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus: successfully repaired by means of a new surgical procedure. PMID- 7130267 TI - Type III aortic dissection with rupture into the right hemithorax. PMID- 7130268 TI - Isolated hypogastric artery aneurysms. AB - Although isolated hypogastric artery aneurysms are among the rarest of all aortoiliac aneurysms, they are among the most devastating. Two cases, one with rupture directly into the urinary bladder, are presented and the typical clinical triad of compressive symptoms, pelvic mass, and previous aneurysm is described. Intraoperative management is predicated upon sac obliteration with minimal tissue dissection. An aggressive approach to asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic aneurysms is urged due to the very high mortality following rupture. PMID- 7130269 TI - Stimulation of catecholamine secretion from cultured chromaffin cells by an ionophore-mediated rise in intracellular sodium. AB - The significance of intracellular Na+ concentration in catecholamine secretion of cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells was investigated using the monovalent carboxylic ionophore monensin. This ionophore, which is known to mediate a one for-one exchange of intracellular K+ for extracellular Na+, induces a slow, prolonged release of catecholamines which, at 6 h, amounts of 75-90% of the total catecholamines; carbachol induces a rapid pulse of catecholamine secretion of 25 35%. Although secretory granule numbers appear to be qualitatively reduced after carbachol, multiple carbachol, or Ba2+ stimulation, overall granule distribution remains similar to that in untreated cells. Monensin-stimulated catecholamine release requires extracellular Na+ but not Ca2+ whereas carbachol-stimulated catecholamine release requires extracellular Ca2+ and is partially dependent on extracellular Na+. Despite its high selectivity for monovalent ions, monensin is considerably more effective in promoting catecholamine secretion than the divalent ionophores, A23187 and ionomycin, which mediate a more direct entry of extracellular Ca2+ into the cell. We propose that the monensin-stimulated increase in intracellular Na+ levels causes an increase in the availability of intracellular Ca2+ which, in turn, stimulates exocytosis. This hypothesis is supported by the comparable stimulation of catecholamine release by ouabain which inhibits the outwardly directed Na+ pump and thus permits intracellular Na+ to accumulate. The relative magnitudes of the secretion elicited by monensin, carbachol, and the calcium ionophores, are most consistent with the hypothesis that, under normal physiological conditions, Na+ acts by decreasing the propensity of Ca2+-sequestering sites to bind the Ca2+ that enters the cell as a result of acetylcholine stimulation. PMID- 7130271 TI - Mitosis in a cell with multiple centrioles. AB - N115 mouse neuroblastoma cells possess a large number of microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs) which can be identified ultrastructurally as single centrioles. The distribution and activity of these organizing centers can be followed through all stages of the cell cycle by labeling microtubules with anti-tubulin and chromatin with the Hoechst dye, Bisbenzimid. We have found that multiple MTOCs persist and continue to organize microtubules during mitosis. They exhibit a well defined sequence of movements, starting from a loose cluster during interphase, proceeding to a widely and evenly dispersed arrangement in prophase, gathering into small clusters and chains during prometaphase, and residing in two ring shaped groups at the mitotic poles during metaphase and anaphase. Despite their large number of centrioles, virtually all N115 cells show a normal bipolar mitosis, but often with unequal numbers of centrioles at the two poles. Such observations bring into question the importance of the centriole in establishing bipolar division in this cell type. PMID- 7130270 TI - Influence of neostigmine treatment on embryonic development of acetylcholine receptors and neuromuscular junctions. AB - The postulated role of the acetylcholine receptor in the formation of neuromuscular synapses during the course of embryonic development was investigated in the superior oblique muscle of white Peking duck embryos. The possibility that the number of receptors could be experimentally lowered by chronic injections of the anticholinesterase agent, neostigmine methylsulfate, was determined using 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin. The total number of acetylcholine receptors on incubation day 12, 2 d subsequent to the onset of treatment, was reducted 45% as compared to saline-treated controls. A similar reduction in total receptor content (49%) was also observed on day 19. Radioautographic preparations showed that clusters of acetylcholine receptors were rare and that the grain density of extrajunctional receptors was also reduced. Hence, chronic treatment with neostigimine during development was observed to exert an effect on both the number and distribution of receptors in the developing superior oblique muscle. These changes occurred in the absence of any apparent effect on muscle differentiation in general. Myoblasts and myotubes were present on day 14 and further differentiated into myofibers by day 18 in both neostigmine and saline treated muscles. The cytology of the develop;ing muscle cells also appeared normal. This is in contradistinction to the striking morphological changes that take place in adult mammalian and avian muscle after anticholinesterase treatment. More significantly, the decreased total receptor content and sparsity of clusters had no apparent effect on the formation of developing neuromuscular junctions at the electron microscopic level. The frequency of neuromuscular junctions in neostigmine-treated muscles was similar to that of the controls. It is concluded that acetylcholine receptor clusters are not required for the events leading to the morphological formation of neuromuscular junctions during in vivo development. PMID- 7130272 TI - The Z-band: 85,000-dalton amorphin and alpha-actinin and their relation to structure. AB - The conclusions arrived at as a result of this work can be summarized as follows: (a) We have found that there is an 85,000-dalton protein, which we have called 85K amorphin, associated with the Z-band of chicken pectoralis muscle myofibrils. We have isolated and purified this protein. It is not a structural component of the Z-filaments since it can be extracted completely without extraction of the Z filaments. Extraction of 85K amorphin results in loss of specific staining of the Z-band with fluorescence specific anti-85K amorphin. (b) We have found that alpha actinin is the structural component of the Z-filaments, since extraction of alpha actinin is accompanied by loss of the Z-filament structure. PMID- 7130273 TI - Fibronectin and cell shape in vivo: studies on the endometrium during pregnancy. AB - The rat endometrium during pregnancy was used as a model system to study fibronectin in vivo. Fibronectin distribution on stromal fibroblasts, as determined by indirect immunofluorescence staining, was studied in relationship to cell shape during decidual transformation. Fibroblasts of the estrus endometrial stroma were elongated cells with a fibrillar pattern of fibronectin on their surfaces. During days 1-6 of pregnancy, as these elongated cells acquired a round morphology, fibronectin changed first to a patched distribution on the cells'a surfaces and then disappeared. The change in fibronectin was specific for the fibroblasts since over the same time period there was no decrease in fibronectin found associated with blood vessels or in the epithelial stromal basement membrane. These results support the proposed relationship between cell surface fibronectin and cell shape that has been inferred from in vitro experiments. After implantation, fibronectin distribution was studied in relationship to the position of the conceptus. In the stroma proximal to the implanting conceptus, fibronectin was absent except around blood vessels, which may help explain how decidual tissue could act as a barrier to trophoblast invasion. Finally, fibronectin distribution was studied in the uterus after parturition. Debris in the uterine lumen was coated with fibronectin, which may be important in the rapid removal of this material by phagocytic cells. Also, fibronectin associated with the epithelial-stromal basement membrane was reorganized after reepithelialization had occurred. PMID- 7130274 TI - Lidocaine reversibly inhibits fertilization in Chlamydomonas: a possible role for calcium in sexual signalling. AB - A flagellar adhesion-induced signal sent during the mating reaction of the biflagellate alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, initiates release of cell-wall degrading enzymes, activation of mating structures, and cell fusion. The nature of this signal is unknown, but it may be mediated by an adhesion-induced change (activation) of flagellar tips. The studies reported here show that lidocaine, a local anesthetic that is reported to interfere with the movement of divalent cations across cell membranes, reversibly blocks cell wall loss and gametic fusion without blocking adhesion or flagellar tip activation. In these experiments lidocaine inhibited both the initial rates and the extent of wall loss and zygote formation. Studies with gametes of a paralyzed flagellar mutant, pf 17, revealed that lidocaine also blocked flagellar surface motility (visualized as movement of polystyrene beads) at concentrations of the inhibitor which also prevented gametic fusion. The concentration of lidocaine required to block cell fusion was dependent on the concentration of calcium or magnesium in the medium. In the absence of added calcium, 0.5 mM lidocaine inhibited fusion by 70%. In 0.5 mM calcium, 0.5 mM lidocaine had no effect on fusion and 2 mM lidocaine was required for 90% inhibition. The results suggest that divalent cations may play a critical role in sexual signalling in Chlamydomonas. PMID- 7130275 TI - Membrane distribution in dividing endosperm cells of Haemanthus. AB - Membranes in cell-wall-free dividing endosperm cells of Haemanthus were examined after postfixation with osmium tetroxide-potassium ferrocyanide. We found that preservation and staining of membranes in metaphase cells was highly variable. Even adjacent cells often showed different degrees of preservation of membrane. However, this method does reveal a much more extensive membrane system in the mitotic spindle of Haemanthus than has been revealed previously using glutaraldehyde-osmium fixation. At prometaphase a system of membranes becomes associated with the kinetochore bundles. By metaphase, membranes constitute a prominent feature of kinetochore bundles, terminating near the kinetichores. Minipoles, identified by converging microtubules and associated membranes, are distributed in a zone extending laterally across the polar regions of the cell. The microtubules appear to terminate at the minipoles, whereas the membrane system becomes oriented generally perpendicular to the spindle axis and interfaces distally with a region of amorphous electron-dense material, helical polyribosomes, and cell organelles. The role of this extensive membrane system, if any, in chromosome movement is unknown. However, its distribution is coincident with the distribution of calcium-rich membranes and kinetochore fibers at metaphase in these cells (Wolniak, S. M., P. K. Hepler, and W. T. Jackson, 1981, Eur. J. Cell Biol., 25:171-174). Thus, these membranes may function in creating calcium domains that, in turn, may play a regulatory role in chromosome movement. PMID- 7130276 TI - Polarity of spindle microtubules in Haemanthus endosperm. AB - Structural polarities of mitotic spindle microtubules in the plant Haemanthus katherinae have been studied by lysing endosperm cells in solutions of neurotubulin under conditions that will decorate cellular microtubules with curved sheets of tubulin protofilaments. Microtubule polarity was observed at several positions in each cell by cutting serial thin sections perpendicular to the spindle axis. The majority of the microtubules present in a metaphase or anaphase half-spindle are oriented with their fast-growing or "plus" ends distal to the polar area. Near the polar ends of the spindle and up to about halfway between the kinetichores and the poles, the number of microtubules with opposite polarity is low: 8-20% in metaphase and 2-15% in anaphase cells. Direct examination of 10 kinetochore fibers shows that the majority of these microtubules, too, are oriented with their plus ends distal to the poles, as had been previously shown in animal cells. Sections from the region near the spindle equator reveal an increased fraction of microtubules with opposite polarity. Graphs of polarity vs. position along the spindle axis display a smooth transition from microtubules of one orientation near the first pole, through a region containing equal numbers of the two orientations, to a zone near the second pole where the opposite polarity predominates. We conclude that the spindle of endosperm cells is constructed from two sets of microtubules with opposite polarity that interdigitate near the spindle equator. The length of the zone of interdigitation shortens from metaphase through telophase, consistent with a model that states that during anaphase spindle elongation in Haemanthus, the interdigitating sets of microtubules are moved apart. We found no major changes in the distribution of microtubule polarity in the spindle interzone from anaphase to telophase when cells are engaged in phragmoplast formation. Therefore, the initiation and organization of new microtubules, thought to take place during phragmoplast assembly, must occur without significant alteration of the microtubule polarity distribution. PMID- 7130278 TI - Ultrastructure of free ribonucleoprotein complexes in spread mammalian nuclei. AB - Mouse erythroleukemia cell nuclei obtained by three different methods were spread for electron microscopy under low ionic conditions. It was found that this procedure allows the observation of free large ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes released from the nuclei during the centrifugation. The morphology of these complexes was readily affected by the conditions of cell treatment and spreading. Two extreme forms of free nuclear RNP structures were obtained, both consisting of spherical particles with diameters of approximately 17-20 nm. The first type was of loosened complexes of irregularly assembled particles interconnected with RNA fibrils. The second represented tightly packed particles forming mostly branched structures. The latter structures appeared to be closer to the native form of the nuclear RNP particles, differing from polyribosomes by their characteristic branching and stability in EDTA solutions. PMID- 7130280 TI - A revision of the cell lineages recently reported for Volvox carteri embryos. PMID- 7130279 TI - Flagellated ectosymbiotic bacteria propel a eucaryotic cell. AB - A devescovinid flagellate from termites exhibits rapid gliding movements only when in close contact with other cells or with a substrate. Locomotion is powered not by the cell's own flagella nor by its remarkable rotary axostyle, but by the flagella of thousands of rod bacteria which live on its surface. That the ectosymbiotic bacteria actually propel the protozoan was shown by the following: (a) the bacteria, which lie in specialized pockets of the host membrane, bear typical procaryotic flagella on their exposed surface; (b) gliding continues when the devescovinid's own flagella and rotary axostyle are inactivated; (c) agents which inhibit bacterial flagellar motility, but not the protozoan's motile systems, stop gliding movements; (d) isolated vesicles derived from the surface of the devescovinid rotate at speeds dependent on the number of rod bacteria still attached; (e) individual rod bacteria can move independently over the surface of compressed cells; and (f) wave propagation by the flagellar bundles of the ectosymbiotic bacteria is visualized directly by video-enhanced polarization microscopy. Proximity to solid boundaries may be required to align the flagellar bundles of adjacent bacteria in the same direction, and/or to increase their propulsive efficiency (wall effect). This motility-linked symbiosis resembles the association of locomotory spirochetes with the Australian termite flagellate Mixotricha (Cleveland, L. R., and A. V. Grimstone, 1964, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci., 159:668-686), except that in our case propulsion is provided by bacterial flagella themselves. Since bacterial flagella rotate, an additional novelty of this system is that the surface bearing the procaryotic rotary motors is turned by the eucaryotic rotary motor within. PMID- 7130277 TI - Isolation and initial characterization of the mammalian midbody. AB - Midbodies were isolated from synchronized cultures of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and their protein composition was studied by means of SDS PAGE. Gels of the midbodies included alpha and beta tubulins as major bands (approximately 30% of the total protein) and approximately 35 other bands, none of which constituted greater than 3.5% of the total protein. Extraction of the isolated midbodies with Sarkosyl NL-30- solubilized the midbody microtubules but left the central, dense matrix zone of the midbody intact. A protein doublet of approximately 115,000 mol wt was retained preferentially by the particulate fraction containing the matrix zones, indicating it to be a component of the matrix. The 115,000 mol wt doublet was also present in gels of isolated mitotic spindles from CHO cells. The overall protein composition of the isolated spindles was very similar to that of the isolated midbodies. PMID- 7130283 TI - Residual radiation injury exhibited in long-term bone marrow cultures. AB - Residual radiation injury was demonstrated in long-term primary cultures of mouse bone marrow. Control cultures underwent three phases of hematopoietic activity as distinguished by initial establishment, steady high (plateau) production of granulocytes, and gradual decline. Irradiation with 50, 300, or 550 rads, given at the end of the initial phase, did not prevent any culture flasks from entering the plateau phase. However, actual production levels and the time they were maintained varied inversely with the radiation dose so that the accumulated postradiation cell production corresponded to an exponential dose-response relationship at any time after treatment. The accumulated cell productions were found to be similar in all groups when expressed by the number of stem cell doublings necessary to produce them. The findings cannot be explained by reproductive cell death and are consistent with the notion of a limited division capacity in hematopoietic stem cells. PMID- 7130281 TI - Putative 51,000-Mr protein marker for postsynaptic densities is virtually absent in cerebellum. AB - Cerebrum and cerebellum contain numerous asymmetric synapses characterized by the presence of a postsynaptic thickening prominently stained by phosphotungstic acid and other electron-dense stains suitable for electron microscopy. A 51,000-Mr protein, copurified in postsynaptic density-enriched fractions from cerebrum, is considered to be a well established marker for the postsynaptic density. On the basis of two criteria, our studies demonstrate that the 51,000-Mr protein marker for postsynaptic densities is virtually absent in cerebellum, First, it is present in negligible amounts in deoxycholate-insoluble fractions from cerebellum but abundant in parallel fractions from cerebrum. Secondly, the 51,000-Mr protein, which binds 125I-calmodulin after SDS PAGE is readily visualized in membrane samples from cerebrum but is virtually undetectable in cerebellar samples. It is apparent that these results require reexamination of the role of the 51,000-Mr protein in postsynaptic density structures. PMID- 7130282 TI - Terminal membrane C5b-9 complex of human complement: transition from an amphiphilic to a hydrophilic state through binding of the S protein from serum. AB - The membrane-damaging C5b-9(m) complex of complement is a cylindrically structured, amphiphilic molecule that is generated on a target membrane during complement attack. Isolated C5b-9(m) complexes are shown here to possess the capacity of binding a protein, termed "S"-protein, that is present in human plasma. Binding of this protein apparently shields the apolar surfaces of C5b 9(m), since the resulting "SC5b-9(m)" complex is hydrophilic and no longer aggregates in detergentfree solution. Dispersed SC5b-9(m) complexes exhibit an apparent sedimentation coefficient of 29S in sucrose density gradients, corresponding to a molecular weight of approximately 1.4 million. SDS PAGE analyses indicate binding of 3-4 molecules of S-protein per C5b-9(m) complex. These data are consistent with a monomer nature and molecular weight of 1-1.1 million of the C5b-9(m) complex. Ultrastructural analysis of SC5b-9(m) shows preservation of the hollow cylindrical C5b-9(m) structure. Additional material, probably representing the S-protein itself, can be visualized attached to the originally membrane-embedded portion of the macromolecule. The topography of apolar surfaces on a molecule thus appears directly probed and visualized through the binding of a serum protein. PMID- 7130285 TI - Effects of urea treatment on the divalent cation-independent cell aggregation of 3T3MIT fibroblasts. AB - Growth of nontransformed 3T3MIT fibroblasts in media containing 200 mM urea leads to the rapid acquisition of the transformed adhesive phenotype as evidenced by an increased rate of divalent cation-independent cell aggregation. The increased rate of divalent cation-independent cell aggregation of urea treated 3T3MIT cells shares many properties with the high rate of aggregation of transformed cells including a sensitivity to treatment with trypsin or hyaluronidase and a reduction in the presence of exogenously added hyaluronic acid. Reversal of the urea-induced increase in aggregation occurs within 24 hours in the absence of urea and can be blocked by 0.2 micrograms/ml cycloheximide. In the presence of cycloheximide, low rates of aggregation can be restored by the addition of urea conditioned supernatents. The results of these experiments suggest that the loss of an aggregation-inhibitory activity during growth in media containing 200 mM urea is responsible for the increased rate of divalent cation-independent cell aggregation. After removal of this aggregation-inhibitory activity, the normally lowly adhesive 3T3MIT cells become phenotypically transformed with regards to the rate of divalent cation-independent cell aggregation. PMID- 7130286 TI - A survey of intracellular Na+ and K+ of various normal, transformed, and tumor cells. AB - Intracellular concentrations of Na+ and K+ of various normal, transformed, and tumor cell cultures were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In all of the cultures analyzed there were markedly different concentrations in the transformed and tumor cells when compared to their normal counterparts. Although increased Na+ was often observed, there were no definitive correlations between absolute ion concentrations, or Na+:K+ ratios, and cell transformation. PMID- 7130287 TI - Evidence that a critical threshold of DNA polymerase-alpha activity may be required for the initiation of DNA synthesis in mammalian cell heterokaryons. AB - The specific activity of DNA polymerase (90% alpha) was determined in nine "neoplastoid" cell lines (Martin and Sprague, 1973) and in three different strains of HDF (human diploid fibroblast-like cells), all examined in logarithmic phases of growth. This was compared to the ability of each cell type to "rescue" (reinitiate DNA synthesis in) senescent HDF cells subsequent to polyethylene glycol-mediated cell fusions. A sharp "threshold" value of DNA polymerase activity was observed below which reinitiation of DNA synthesis in heterokaryons with senescent HDF does not occur. This threshold was especially obvious when the specific activity of DNA polymerase (p moles dTTP incorporated per mg protein or per cell) was divided by the percent of S-phase cells present in each culture as determined by flow microfluorometry. Our results indicate that the specific activity of DNA polymerase-alpha (or some other factor tightly coregulated with it) in "recessive" cell types (those unable to rescue senescent cells) is only about two times this theoretical "threshold" value, and that fusion of recessive cell types to senescent HDF cells reduces the specific activity in the heterokaryon to below this minimum, thus preventing the cells from entering S phase. PMID- 7130284 TI - Pig reticulocytes. IV. In vitro maturation of naturally occurring reticulocytes with permeability loss to glucose. AB - Naturally occurring reticulocytes of week old piglets were used to characterize the maturation process under in vitro conditions. When the reticulocytes were suspended in tissue culture medium fortified with metabolic substrates, nearly all cells were viable after 24 hours incubation and usually more than 85% of the initial cell population survived after an 80 hour period. In cells maintained as long as a week in incubation, an adequate level of total adenine nucleotide with a large accumulation of IMP was found. In most cases, reticulocytes lose their reticular materials within two days and assume normal erythrocyte configuration. Concomitant with the morphological change, the cell volume decreases toward normal erythrocyte size, the extent of which can be accounted for by the intracellular loss of salt and accompanying water. As in the in vivo reticulocyte maturation process, reticulocytes undergoing in vitro maturation lose their membrane permeability to glucose. These findings suggest that the process of reticulocyte maturation occurring in cell culture approaches that which naturally occurs in vivo. Thus, these cells may be used to delineate the mechanism of the loss of membrane transport of glucose which normally occurs in the adult pig cells. PMID- 7130288 TI - Variation of the carbohydrates of glycoproteins of cells growing on different surfaces. AB - The carbohydrate components of some glycoproteins of hamster cells differ as a function of their growth on various substrates; glass, plastic, or plastic coated with collagen. This observation is interpreted as an effect of the environment on cellular structure at the molecular level. The basis of the change and its possible significance are discussed. PMID- 7130289 TI - Effect of exogenous gangliosides on human neural cell division. AB - Human neural cells in exponential growth phase were transferred to a serum-free medium and maintained for 72 hr without any detectable loss in viability. The two normal fetal cell lines (CHI and CHII) showed a serum-dependent cell proliferation, but the glioblastoma multiforme cells (12-18) were able to continue proliferating in this totally synthetic medium. The incorporation of [3H]thymidine into the acid-precipitable fraction of both normal and neoplastic human neural cells was assayed in the presence and the absence of exogenous gangliosides by a convenient new method. In serum-free medium, gangliosides (50 microM) inhibited the thymidine incorporation into the normal fetal cells within 24 hr and, in serum containing medium, reduced their proliferation within 48 hr. No such effects were detectable in the glioma cells. The inhibition of thymidine incorporation in the normal cells was reversible upon removal of the gangliosides. These results indicate a role of gangliosides in the postmitotic phase of normal human neural cells resulting in the regulation of cell proliferation. PMID- 7130290 TI - Effects of retinoic acid on protein synthesis in cultured melanoma cells. AB - Retinoic acid reduces the growth rate of mouse S91 melanoma cells in culture and increases the proportion of cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Because of the integral role protein synthesis has been shown to play in growth control we studied the effect of retinoic acid on the protein synthesis machinery with a cell-free system developed from the melanoma cells. This system was capable of translating endogenous mRNA, exogenous globin mRNA, and the synthetic template poly(U). Of the above activities of the protein synthesis system only the translation of endogenous mRNA was reduced significantly in the cell-free system prepared from retinoic acid-treated cells. Analyses of the amount and function of RNA revealed that treatment with retinoic acid leads to reductions in total RNA content, in the proportion of ribosomes in polysomes, in the amount of poly(A)RNA, and in the amount of polysome-associated mRNA. All these effects of retinoic acid contribute to the decrease in protein synthesis activity of treated cells. Two-dimensional electrophoresis analysis of L-[35S]methionine-labeled proteins produced by untreated and treated cells revealed only a few quantitative differences. We suggest that retinoic acid-induced suppression of protein synthesis activity may be the cause for growth inhibition. PMID- 7130291 TI - Role of extracellular Na and K in lymphocyte activation. AB - The transmembrane electrical potential has been measured across human peripheral blood lymphocytes under culture conditions using equilibrium distributions of the lipophilic cation 3H-tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP). The TPP equilibrates to a steady-state level that gives calculated voltages of -80 mV for unstimulated lymphocytes. This value of the potential is constant during the first few hours of succinyl concanavalin A stimulation. When the transmembrane electrical potential is lowered by isotonic replacement of Na with K, this neither by itself stimulates proliferation nor does it inhibit mitogen-stimulated proliferation. Lymphocytes with similar membrane potentials, such as those incubated in normal Na MEM and low-Na-mannitol MEM, exhibit drastically different proliferative responses to mitogen stimulation (Deutsch et al., 1981). These results show that isotonic replacement of K for Na prevents low Na inhibition of DNA synthesis and that at least during the first 2.5 hours of lymphocyte activation transmembrane electrical potential per se does not play a significant role in the activation process. PMID- 7130292 TI - Temporal behavior of abrin in the intoxication of Chinese hamster cells (line CHO). AB - Abrin, a potent cytotoxin, was utilized as a probe to elucidate the mechanism by which external proteins are delivered to the cytoplasm of mammalian cells. Abrin bound rapidly to the surface receptors of the Chinese hamster cells (line CHO) and appeared to be internalized immediately without any significant lag. The maximum level of abrin internalization was achieved within eight minutes, based on both biochemical and electron microscopic autoradiographic studies with [125I]abrin. About 10% of the silver grains of internalized [125I] abrin were associated with vesicular structures, irrespective of the incubation time. Inhibition of protein synthesis began 30 minutes postincubation, and this latent period was not dependent on extracellular toxin concentration. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the internalized [125I]abrin indicated that internalized abrin molecules remained intact even after two hours of incubation. PMID- 7130293 TI - Transcription of chick genes by mammalian RNA polymerase II in chick erythrocyte mammalian cell heterokaryons. AB - The introduction of chick erythrocyte nuclei into mammalian cell cytoplasms results in their reactivation as evidenced by the de novo transcription of chick genes and the synthesis of both globin and constitutive proteins. In the present study, chick erythrocytes have been fused to L6 rat myoblasts and to alpha amanitin-resistant variants of L6 to determine whether the chick or the mammalian RNA polymerase II was responsible for transcription of chick genes. Heterokaryons formed by fusing chick erythrocytes with alpha-amanitin-resistant L6 myoblasts synthesize both chick globin and chick constitutive proteins in the continued presence of 5 micrograms/ml alpha amanitin ten days postfusion. Both the synthesis of globin and other chick polypeptides occurs at levels comparable to those observed for untreated heterokaryons. Synthesis occurs under conditions in which insignificant chick RNA polymerase II activity can be detected in wild-type heterokaryons by autoradiography. These results demonstrate that RNA polymerase II is one of the mammalian proteins that is selectively taken up by the chick nucleus during reactivation in the presence of alpha amanitin. Furthermore, the mammalian RNA polymerase II alone can account for the transcription of both differentiation specific and constitutive genes in the chick nucleus. PMID- 7130295 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of the patellar instability. Incidences in external rotation]. AB - The classical X-Ray exploration of the patellar instability is done through incidences performed with knees in a 30 degrees flexion and a 0 degrees rotation. To this basic investigation the authors propose to add original, more physiological incidences performed with knees in external rotation. Because of their extreme sensitiveness, these incidences with a 30 degrees external rotation allow a more accurate diagnosis of the patellar instability (and thereby a better breaking up of the still too nebulous chapter of patellar chrondropathies) and a more critical checking of the surgical centering of the patella. Technically easy to perform they should enter into the usual practice of X-Ray exploration of any mechanical knee. PMID- 7130296 TI - [Surgery of cholelithiasis]. PMID- 7130294 TI - [Calcifying obstructive disease of the descending thoracic aorta]. AB - The authors present the first surgically treated case of calcifying obstructive disease of the descending thoracic aorta. The diagnosis was based upon the coexistence of an aortic isthmus coarctation syndrome together with massive calcifications seen by chest X-ray. The aetiology remains uncertain but the authors tend in favour of an atheromatous aetiology. Cure was obtained by simple surgical treatment. PMID- 7130297 TI - [Treatment of posterolateral laxity of the knee by extra-articular graft with or without associated refection of the central pivot]. PMID- 7130298 TI - Emotional disorder in XYY children: four case reports. AB - Four boys, from a group of fourteen with an XYY chromosome constitution identified by cytogenetic screening at birth, were referred for psychiatric treatment, age seven to nine years. Presenting symptoms included severe temper tantrums, stealing and enuresis, and they were diagnosed as having mild to severe emotional disorders. There were multiple factors of increased risk for psychiatric disturbance in their backgrounds nd there was evidence of reactive depression in all four boys. Treatment with individual and family psychotherapy, combined with antidepressant medication in two of the four children and special educational provisions in one, resulted in good short-term outcome comparable to that achieved in chromosomally normal boys. PMID- 7130299 TI - Achievement and mental ability of physically late and early maturing schoolchildren related to their social background. AB - The results from achievement and mental ability testing in grades 3, 5, and 6 (ages 10, 12 and 13) of about 150 Swedish urban schoolchildren (boys and girls) were analysed according to the children's physical maturity (defined by late and early peak height velocity ages) and social background (defined by father's occupation). Social background played the main role in performance on both the achievement and most of the mental ability tests. Early maturers were, in general, superior to late maturers on the mental ability tests in grade 5. On verbally loaded tests and interaction between physical maturity and social background was found--early maturers scored higher than late maturers in the "lowest" social group, while a slight trend or no difference between early and late maturers was noticed for the 'upper' social groups. PMID- 7130300 TI - Persistent infant comfort habits and their sequelae at 11 and 16 years. AB - This paper examines whether relationships can be demonstrated between specific infantile comfort habits and later personality development. Indications of aspects of personality at 11 and 16 yr were derived from structured, but open ended, interviews with the children's mothers. Some reliable statistical associations are shown, and these are maintained even when allowance is made for sex, social class and family size differences in the two samples. They suggest that children with a persistent oral habit at 4 yr may later be less 'well adjusted' emotionally and more difficult for their parents to influence and control than other children. Possible interpretations are discussed. PMID- 7130301 TI - Self-report and interview measures of childhood and adolescent depression. AB - Childhood and adolescent depression has received increased attention in recent years, both in clinical research and practice. Evaluation of depression has been facilitated by the emergence of several self-report and interview measures designed to assess severity of depression. The present paper reviews these measures, including their characteristics, advantages and limitations. Salient considerations raised by current measures include inconsistencies in the range of symptoms they encompass, potential limitations of self-report, influences of age and age-related variables, and reliability of the measures. The validity of alternative measures is reviewed by examining the extent to which criteria for construct, content, criterion, convergent and discriminant validation are met. Recommendations are provided for areas of research to further validate measures of depression for children and adolescents. PMID- 7130302 TI - Impairment of phonetic reading in dyslexia and its persistence beyond childhood- research note. AB - A previous analysis of the historical development of writing towards progressive phonetisation gave rise to the hypothesis that disorders of reading arise from a defective processing of spoken sounds. Sixteen adolescent and adult dyslexic patients were studied, 10 of whom had been followed up from childhood. A newly devised test of phonetic reading proved superior to the Schonell reading test in distinguishing dyslexics from normals, and mirrored the original severity of the disorder. A phonetic writing test was less useful. The findings support the view that dyslexia is due to a defect of verbal processing which may persist beyond childhood. PMID- 7130303 TI - The implications of children's wishes--research note. AB - It was found that the wishes of normal children and children seen by a psychiatrist did differ in some significant respects; the wishes of normal boys and girls differed significantly and the findings as to their most popular wishes confirmed existing theories as to the underlying fantasies of children in later childhood. It seems that the three-wish test is an effective projective method for both normal children and those with psychiatric disorders, but in the latter group it is more likely to bring out the child's particular anxiety or major concern. PMID- 7130304 TI - Dry-bed training in the treatment of nocturnal enuresis in childhood: a research report. AB - After one subject withdrew from an original group of twelve, eleven children with severe nocturnal enuresis were successfully treated by the Dry-Bed method. The children were aged five to nine years. The group median for the duration of treatment was four weeks, dryness being defined as two successive weeks without a bed-wetting incident. Training periods ranged from two to twenty weeks. Subsequently, two subjects relapsed, although organic and psychiatric factors respectively were probably responsible. At nine-month follow-up 73% of subjects were completely dry. The procedure made heavy demands on parents and clinician; especially in its initial phase. It was suggested that further feasibility studies are required of te Dry-Bed method of treatment in everyday service contexts. PMID- 7130305 TI - Attempted suicide in children and adolescents. PMID- 7130306 TI - Estimation of branched-chain alpha-keto acids in blood by gas chromatography. AB - Plasma or whole blood is treated with o-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride in phosphoric acid under conditions found spectrophotometrically to give maximum yields of the quinoxalinols. The quinoxalinols are extracted and, after removing phosphoric acid, etc., silylated with bis-trimethylsilyltrifluoracetamide in acetonitrile. Other solvents caused instability of the trimethylsilyl(TMS) quinoxalinols. Gas chromatography on a packed column of trifluoropropyl silicone gave good separation of the TMS-quinoxalinols from one another and from other substances derived from blood. Some representative values for normal arterial and venous human and canine plasma are reported. PMID- 7130307 TI - Sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method for prostaglandins using a fluorescence reagent, 4-bromomethyl-7-acetoxycoumarin. AB - High-performance liquid chromatography of prostaglandins is developed in which a fluorescence reagent, 4-bromomethyl-7-acetoxycoumarin is used to perform the high sensitivity detection. The reagent reacts with prostaglandins and related compounds to form the ester derivatives, which are separated using a reversed phase system. Each labeled compound eluted from the column is successively hydrolyzed to the fluorescent coumarin derivative, and this fluorophore is introduced into a flow-through fluorometer. Prostaglandins can be determined in the range of at least 1 nmol to 5 pmol, and the detection limit is about 10 fmol. This system is applied to the analysis of prostaglandins in human seminal fluid. PMID- 7130308 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic assay of cytosolic glutathione S transferase activity with styrene oxide. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay for measuring cytosolic glutathione S-transferase activity with styrene oxide is described. After incubating lung or liver cytosol with reduced glutathione and styrene oxide, unreacted styrene oxide is extracted into ethyl acetate. An aliquot of the aqueous phase is evaporated to dryness and reconstituted in the mobile phase for HPLC analysis. The two glutathione conjugates of styrene oxide [S-(1-phenyl-2 hydroxyethyl)glutathione and S-(2-phenyl-2-hydroxyethyl)glutathione] are separated in less than 10 min; quantitation of transferase activity is based on the comparison of the UV absorbance of the two conjugates at 254 nm with synthetic conjugate standards. As little as 1 nmole of either conjugate can be quantitated with good precision. This assay has advantages over previously published methods for measuring styrene oxide glutathione S-transferase activity as it does not depend on the use of relatively unstable and expensive radiolabelled substrates. PMID- 7130309 TI - Thin-layer chromatographic determination of indolic tryptophan metabolites in human urine using Sep-Pak C18 extraction. AB - Tryptophan and some of its indole metabolites were separated by thin-layer chromatography, stained with the Van Urk--Salkowski reagent, and quantitated by scanning densitometry. The application of this technique for the detection of the indoles in urine samples, employing Sep-Pak C18 cartridges for extraction, was demonstrated. The proposed method is simple and accurate. The detection limits were 2 micrograms/ml 5-hydroxytryptophan, 1.75 micrograms/ml 5-hydroxyindolyl-3 acetic acid, 1.5 micrograms/ml tryptophan, 0.8 micrograms/ml indolyl-3-acetic acid, 0.9 micrograms/ml indolyl-3-butyric acid, 1.75 micrograms/ml serotonin, and 1.25 micrograms/ml tryptamine. PMID- 7130310 TI - Determination of the anti-ulcer agent geranylgeranylacetone in serum by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. AB - A highly specific and sensitive method for the determination of the anti-ulcer drug geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) in human serum is described. The extract from serum with hexane was saponified with potassium hydroxide and subjected to silica gel column chromatography to remove interfering substances. GGA in the partially purified extract was then reacted with O-(2,3,4,5,6 pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine and measured by selected ion monitoring using gas chromatography--mass spectrometry. A low detection limit (1 ng/ml) and high precision were obtained. PMID- 7130311 TI - Analysis of methadone and metabolites in biological fluids with gas chromatography--mass spectrometry. AB - The analysis of methadone and its metabolites in biological fluids by gas chromatography--mass spectrometry is described with deuterated methadone and metabolites as internal standards. The method allowed the determination of 20 ng methadone in 0.5 ml of plasma or saliva. Mean saliva to plasma ratio of methadone for two patients was determined to be 0.51 +/- 0.13. Methadone and 2-ethylidene 1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP) in urine were measured by selected ion monitoring. Gas chromatography--mass spectrometry was found to have advantages over conventional gas chromatographic methods in terms of ratio analysis. 1,5-Dimethyl-3,3-diphenyl-2-pyrrolidone previously reported as a metabolite was shown to result primarily from the decomposition of EDDP free base. PMID- 7130312 TI - Gas--liquid chromatographic determination of flurazepam and its major metabolites in plasma with electron-capture detection. AB - A sensitive and selective gas--liquid chromatographic method, using the electron capture detector for the quantitative determination of flurazepam and its major blood metabolites is described. After extraction and back-extraction steps, flurazepam (I) is well separated from its main metabolites, N-1 hydroxyethylflurazepam (metabolite II) and N-1-desalkylflurazepam (metabolite III). Metabolite II is quantitated after forming its stable tert.-butyl dimethylsilyl derivative by reaction with tert.-butyldimethylchlorosilane- imidazole reagent. The procedure permits the rapid and selective routine determination of flurazepam and its metabolites (II and III) in plasma with a detection limit of 3 ng/ml for flurazepam (I), 1 ng/ml for metabolite II and 0.6 ng/ml for metabolite III. The procedure is linear over the range of concentrations encountered after administration of a single oral therapeutic dose. No interference from the biological matrix is apparent. The suitability of the method for the analysis of biological samples was tested by studying the variation with time of flurazepam and its metabolites' plasma concentrations in normal human volunteers after a single, therapeutic 30-mg oral dose of flurazepam. PMID- 7130314 TI - Determination of diazepam and its pharmacologically active metabolites in blood by bond Elut column extraction and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A rapid and quantitative analytical micro method for the determination of diazepam and its major pharmacologically active metabolites utilizing high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is reported. The drug and its metabolites were extracted from 50-100 microliter samples of whole blood, serum or plasma using Bond Elut C 18 column and quantitated by high-performance liquid chromatography, using Technician Fast-LC-C-8 (RP 5 micrometers) bonded column and a mobile phase consisting of 53% methanol, 1% acetonitrile in KH2PO4 buffer and 10 microliters/l triethylamine. Methyl nitrazepam and medazepam were used as internal and external standards respectively. The extraction and recovery of diazepam and its major pharmacologically active metabolites, i.e., 3 hydroxydiazepam, desmethyldiazepam and oxazepam from blood were higher than 88% for all compounds. The minimum detection range of each compound was approximately 2.5 ng per 100-microliter sample. This micro method of simultaneous quantitation of diazepam and its major pharmacologically active metabolites provides a valuable technique for the study of diazepam pharmacokinetics in a small animal model without disturbance of normal hemodynamics from excess blood loss, as well as in clinical evaluation of pediatric patients. PMID- 7130313 TI - Simultaneous determination of glucuronides of trimetozine in human urine by gas chromatography. AB - A gas chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of four glucuronides (metabolites) of trimetozine excreted in human urine is described. The method involves pretreatment of the urine specimen [i.e. removal of interfering substances by solvent extraction, desalting on an ion-exchange (Amberlite XAD-2) column], and permethylation of glucuronides by reaction with methylsulfinyl carbanion and methyl iodide. The permethylated derivatives were submitted to gas chromatographic separation on an OV-17 column, and their structures were investigated by subsequent gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis. The minimum detectable concentration of each glucuronide is 5 micrograms/ml when 1 ml of urine is used. The utility of the present method is successfully demonstrated by determining the urinary concentration of four glucuronides following oral administration of trimetozine to human subjects. PMID- 7130315 TI - Automated high-performance liqiud chromatographic method for the determination of antipyrine and its metabolites in urine. Some preliminary results obtained from smokers and non-smokers. AB - A simple, accurate and fully automated high-performance liquid-chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous determination of antipyrine (AP), 3 hydroxymethylantipyrine (3HMA), 4-hydroxyantipyrine (4OHA) and norantipyrine (NORA) in urine. This method requires no extraction step and only one chromatographic run with the use of a reversed-phase system. The coefficient of variation (%) (n = 8 each) was: 4.14 for AP, 2.31 for 3HMA, 3.48 for 4OHA, and 2.71 for NORA. The method was applied to studies on AP metabolism in three smokers and three non-smokers who received an oral 10 mg/kg dose of AP. These preliminary results suggest that smokers appear to excrete more 4OHA and NORA in the urine than non-smokers. PMID- 7130317 TI - Quantitation of Dns-amino acids from body tissues and fluids using high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7130318 TI - Simple and rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic method for analysis of nucleosides in biological fluids. PMID- 7130319 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic differentiation of urinary free porphyrins. PMID- 7130316 TI - Simultaneous determination of dantrolene and its metabolites, 5-hydroxydantrolene and nitro-reduced acetylated dantrolene (F 490), in plasma and urine of man and dog by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method is described for the simultaneous determination of the skeletal muscle relaxant dantrolene and its metabolites, 5-hydroxydantrolene and nitro-reduced acetylated dantrolene (F-490), in plasma and urine of man and dog. The substances are detected spectrophotometrically at 375 nm. The detection limits are 0.02 mg/l. A preliminary extraction step into a choloroform-butanol mixture is required for the plasma samples. The method is suitable for pharmacokinetic studies of dantrolene. PMID- 7130320 TI - Thiamin analysis and separation of thiamin phosphate esters by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7130321 TI - Measurement of vitamin A and vitamin E in human serum by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7130324 TI - Simultaneous determination of carbidopa, levodopa and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-acetic acid using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. PMID- 7130325 TI - Vancomycin quantitation by high-performance liquid chromatography in human serum. PMID- 7130323 TI - Occurrence and measurement of nifedipine and its nitropyridine derivatives in human blood plasma. PMID- 7130322 TI - Determination of tolazoline in plasma by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. PMID- 7130326 TI - Determination of prenalterol in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. PMID- 7130328 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of imidazopyrazole (NSC 51143) in serum. PMID- 7130327 TI - Rapid and simple method for determination of lorcainide, a new antiarrhythmic drug, and its major metabolite, norlorcainide, by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7130329 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic procedure for simultaneous determination of SKF 78729A and its N-acetyl metabolite. PMID- 7130333 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic measurement of amiodarone and desethylamiodarone in plasma or serum at the concentrations attained following a single 400-mg dose. PMID- 7130330 TI - Separation of acidic proteins from mineralized tissues by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7130332 TI - Differential determination of L-ascorbic acid and D-isoascorbic acid by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. PMID- 7130331 TI - Biotransformation of epomediol. III. Gas chromatographic analysis of rat plasma, bile, urine and faeces. PMID- 7130334 TI - Radioimmunoassay of measles virus hemagglutinin protein G. AB - Guinea pig and rabbit antisera from animals immunized with purified measles virus hemagglutinin (G) protein were used to establish a solid-phase four-layer radioimmunoassay for quantitative measurement of the G protein. The sensitive of the assay was 2 ng of purified G protein, and 200 micrograms of protein from uninfected Vero cells neither decreased the sensitivity nor reacted non specifically in the assay. Radioimmunoassay standard dose-response curves were established and unknown values interpolated from these using the logit program of a desktop computer. Using this procedure, a measles virus growth curve in infected Vero cells was determined by measurement of G protein production. Under these same conditions, hemagglutination was not sensitive enough to detect early hemagglutinin production. Viral antigens in canine distemper virus, Newcastle disease virus, parainfluenza viruses 1-4, simian virus 5, and respiratory syncytial virus-infected cell lysates did not cross-react in the radioimmunoassay. A small degree of cross-reactivity was detected with mumps viral antigens, both with Vero cell-derived (wild-type strain) and egg-derived (Enders strain) purified virus preparations and with a cell lysate antigen prepared from wild-type mumps virus-infected Vero cells. PMID- 7130335 TI - Influence of sodium homeostasis and circadian rhythm on dopaminergic modulation of 18-hydroxycorticosterone secretion in man. AB - This study examines the effects of sodium homeostasis and circadian rhythm on plasma 18-hydroxycorticosterone (18-OHB) responses to the dopamine antagonist metoclopramide in seven normal individuals. Responses to metoclopramide were evaluated after receiving a 10-meq sodium diet, a 100-meq sodium diet, and a 200 meq sodium diet for 5 days. On all three occasions the subjects had reached sodium equilibrium states, as determined by urinary sodium measurements, at the time that they received metoclopramide. Percentage incremental 18-OHB responses to metoclopramide were greater (P less than 0.01) in the subjects after 5 days on a 200-meq sodium intake than after 5 days on a 10-meq sodium intake. The percentage increases in plasma 18-OHB after a 200-meq sodium intake were slightly greater (P less than 0.05) than increases after a 100-meq sodium intake. Plasma 18-OHB levels demonstrated a circadian rhythm, with plasma levels reaching their zenith during the later part of sleep and shortly after awakening and reaching their nadir between 2000 and 2400 h. Although basal levels of 18-OHB at 2200 h (15.5 +/- 1.6 ng/dl) were considerably lower (P less than 0.01) than basal levels of 18-OHB at 0800 h, the 18-OHB responses to metoclopramide were similar at 0800 and 2200 h. Administration of the dopamine agonist bromocriptine (2.5 mg three times a day for 4 days) suppressed (P less than 0.01) mean 24-h plasma 18-OHB levels from 21.9 +/- 2.0 to 14.8 +/- 1.4 ng/dl. However, bromocriptine did not alter the circadian rhythm of 18-OHB secretion. These data suggest that increased sodium intake leads to greater tonic dopaminergic inhibition of 18-OHB secretion. Although dopaminergic mechanisms modulate 18-OHB secretion, they do not govern the circadian rhythm of this corticosteroid. PMID- 7130337 TI - Quantitative bone histology in the hypercalcemia of malignant disease. AB - Quantitative bone histology was studied in 23 patients with malignant hypercalcemia (MH) due to carcinoma (16) or immunoproliferative disease (7). Plasma calcium was 3.37 +/- 0.47 (mean +/- SD) mmol/liter. Bone resorbing surface (RS) was measured using a sensitive histochemical stain to identify osteoclasts. In the MH patients with carcinoma, the RS was 3.1 +/- 2.6% compared to 1.0 +/- 0.3% in controls (P less than 0.02). In the myeloma patients it was 2.3 +/- 1.7%, and in normocalcemic patients with malignant disease 0.8 +/- 1.1%. RS did not correlate with serum PTH, and several high RS values were associated with undetectable PTH. RS correlated with forming surface (FS) in MH patients (r = 0.44, P less than 0.05) and controls (r = 0.68, P less than 0.005), but there was a greater RS relative to FS in MH patients than in controls (P less than 0.005). "Excess" RS in the MH patients was calculated by subtracting the RS accounted for by the measured FS, using the relationship defined by the controls. Bone loss, as reflected in urinary calcium excretion, correlated weakly with excess RS (r = 0.44, P less than 0.05) but was high even when excess RS was zero. Thus, the histological findings do not account for the bone loss, and additional resorption around bone metastases is likely; the results of this study are consistent with a humoral substance produced by the malignant tissue causing generalized bone resorption in addition to bone dissolution around metastases. PMID- 7130338 TI - Extreme insulin resistance in association with abnormally high binding affinity of insulin receptors from a patient with leprechaunism: evidence for a defect intrinsic to the receptor. PMID- 7130339 TI - Surgical cure of prolactinoma reverses abnormal prolactin repsonse to carbidopa/L dopa. AB - To determine whether the abnormalities in dopaminergic regulation of PRL secretion in patients with prolactinomas persist after resection of the adenoma, we evaluated PRL inhibitory responses to L-dopa alone and L-dopa given after pretreatment with the dopa decarboxylase inhibitor carbidopa before and after transsphenoidal selective resection of prolactinomas in 23 women. Eighteen women were cured by surgery (normal PRL, menses, no galactorrhea), while 5 women were not cured. Preoperatively, the PRL inhibitory responses to L-dopa cured, 4 .3 +/- 3.8%; uncured, 50.1 +/- 5.5% of baseline) was blunted by pretreatment with the decarboxylase inhibitor carbidopa (cured, 79.1 +/- 4.1%; uncured, 76.8 +/- 9.2%). Postoperatively, this blunting disappeared in the cured patients (L-dopa, 49.1 +/ 3.5%; carbidopa/L-dopa, 56.3 +/- 5.1%), but the blunting persisted in the uncured patients (L-dopa, 49.3 +/- 7.9%; carbidopa/L-dopa, 69.3 +/- 4.2%). The return to normal of the carbidopa/L-dopa test in cured prolactinoma patients after surgery is evidence that in these individuals, preoperative abnormalities of secretion are due to either intrinsic abnormalities of the tumor or alteration of hypothalamic function secondary to tumor secretion. In those patients not cured by surgery, dynamic tests of function remain abnormal, findings attributable to either incomplete tumor resection or the presence, in some patients, of underlying hypothalamic dysregulation. PMID- 7130336 TI - Hypocitraturia in calcium nephrolithiasis. AB - Several investigators have reported that hypocitraturia is frequent in patients with idiopathic kidney stones. In these studies, however, glomerular filtration rate, urinary tract infection, sex, diet, time of day, and medications, all potentially influential variables, were uncontrolled. Fifteen men, aged 30-52 yr, with recurrent idiopathic calcium oxalate stones and 15 normal age-matched men were studied. Patients with hyperparathyroidism, renal tubular acidosis, reduced creatinine clearance (less than 80 ml . min/1.73 M2), or urinary infection were excluded. Medications were stopped 2 weeks before the study began. A standard constant diet, furnishing 800 mg calcium and free of citrate, was fed for 20 days. During the last 10 days, 4.5 g sodium citrate were given orally. Eight-hour collections of urine were analyzed for calcium and citrate. Filtered load and net tubular reabsorption of citrate were also calculated. The 24-h urinary excretion of calcium was elevated in eight stone formers, and citrate excretion was depressed in seven. Five patients were both hypercalciuric anc hypocitraturic. The hypocitraturia resulted from excessive net tubular reabsorption of a normal filtered load of citrate. Urinary citrate was highest between 0800-1600 h, whereas calcium was highest between 1600-2400 h; both components were lowest between 2400-0800 h. The diurnal profiles of urinary calcium and citrate were similar in the stone formers and in the normal men. Oral sodium citrate did not influence urinary citrate in either group. These data suggest that in adult men, hypocitraturia may be a common predisposing factor for calcific nephrolithiasis. PMID- 7130340 TI - Pathophysiological mechanisms of estrogen effect on bone metabolism. Dose response relationships in early postmenopausal women. AB - Dose-response relationships of estrogen (E) on indices of calcium balance and bone activity were studied in normal early postmenopausal women. Calcium balance was estimated by changes in forearm bone mineral content, measured by photon absorptiometry. Bone activity was estimated by serum alkaline phosphatases (S aPh), indicating bone formation, and by fasting urinary excretion of hydroxyproline (U-HyPro) and calcium (U-Ca), indicating bone resorption. A total of 92 female volunteers were randomized to 12 months' treatment with placebo or one of three different doses (high, medium, or low) of natural estrogens (17 beta estradiol and estriol, 4/2, 2/1, and 1/0.5 mg, respectively), sequentially combined with the same dose (1 mg) of norethisterone acetate for 10 of the 28 cycle days. The trial was completed by 79 women. Bone mineral content declined by 2% (P less than 0.001) in the placebo group, remained constant in the low hormone group and increased by 0.8% (P less than 0.05) and 1.5% (P less than 0.01), respectively, in the medium and high hormone groups. S-aPh decreased gradually and equally by 20-25% in the three hormone groups and U-HyPro and U-Ca decreased by 30-40% during 1-yr hormone treatment, irrespective of dose. The decrease in these three indices occurred practically without exceptions. Compared to the values found in 48 normal premenopausal women the untreated postmenopausal women had increased values of S-aPh (P less than 0.001), U-HyPro (P less than 0.01), and U-Ca (P less than 0.001), and no pretreatment values were below the normal premenopausal range. After treatment the mean values of S-aPh and U-HyPro were slightly lower than the premenopausal mean values (P less than 0.01). These data strongly support the major importance of E deficiency for early postmenopausal bone loss, which is prevented by even a small substitution dose of E. PMID- 7130341 TI - In vivo evaluation in intrathyroidal iodide metabolism. AB - A new coincidence counting method is used to measure absolute thyroid 125I activity with accurate correction of extrathyroidal neck activity. Data collected are analyzed according to a three-compartment model, giving parameters both dependent and independent of plasma iodide concentration. Iodide is postulated to form a complex with the iodide trap before it is transported and organified. The initial carrier-iodide complex, the intrathyroidal free iodide, and the thyroidal organic iodide pool can be determined as percentages of the injected activity. The trapping rate, the leakage rate, and the organification rate for iodide are determined as fractional turnover rates of the compartments independent of the plasma iodide concentration. The analysis is applied to the study of intrathyroidal iodide metabolism in a group of goitrous patients and a group of treated hyperthyroid patients. In the euthyroid goitrous patients, the trapping rate is slow, ranging from 0.051-0.085 min-1, and the intrathyroidal iodide pool is characteristically small, being 0.017-0.118%. The organification rate is 0.628 1.19 min-1. The leakage of iodide is virtually zero. In the treated hyperthyroid group, organification is not detectable, due to suppressive treatment by thionamides. The trapping rate is elevated (0.199-0.592 min-1), and the leakage rate is estimated to be in the range of 0.057-0.157 min-1. Because of the organification block, the intrathyroidal iodide pool is larger than that of our euthyroid group, being 1.50-7.59%. The compartment sizes and fractional turnover rates are in good agreement with previously reported values. PMID- 7130343 TI - [A histopathological study on the renal lesions in the patients who died in the ICU and CCU]. PMID- 7130344 TI - [Effects of internal tococardiography on mother and newborn]. PMID- 7130342 TI - Comparison between the plasma concentrations of prolactin and parathyroid hormone in normal subjects and in patients with hyperparathyroidism or hyperprolactinemia. AB - In 30 normal subjects, the mean (+/- SEM) plasma concentration of PRL was 5.90 +/ 0.40 ng/ml and that of PTH was 0.51 +/- 0.03 ng/ml. There was no significant difference in plasma hormone levels according to age or sex. Ten cases of primary hyperparathyroidism showed PRL concentrations (8.90 +/- 1.80 ng/ml) significantly (P less than 0.01) higher than those of the normal subjects. After adenomectomy, the PRL concentration decreased (5.35 +/- 0.50 ng/ml). However, this decrease was only significant in the 5 of 10 patients who had preoperative plasma PRL levels of 10 ng/ml or more (P less than 0.01). The increase in PRL concentration in 10 cases of secondary hyperparathyroidism with normal glomerular function was also significant (14.25 +/- 3.9 ng/ml; P less than 0.001). Fourteen patients with prolactinoma showed PTH plasma levels (1.25 +/- 0.15 ng/ml) significantly higher than those of normal subjects (P less than 0.001). Eight of the 14 patients received 7.5 mg/24 h of bromocriptine for 3 months; their mean plasma PTH level decreased significantly from 1.60 +/- 0.35 to 0.50 +/- 0.11 ng/ml (P less than 0.01). In 9 cases of secondary hyperprolactinemia, the increase in PTH (0.80 +/- 0.16 ng/ml) was significant compared to the plasma PTH levels in the normal group (P less than 0.05). These results show that an excess of plasma PRL is associated with an excess of plasma PTH and vice versa. The mechanisms of these relationships remain unclear. PMID- 7130345 TI - [Histological studies on the effects of aging upon the conduction system of the heart]. PMID- 7130348 TI - [Quantitative differential diagnosis of hemorrhage and infarction]. PMID- 7130346 TI - [The influence of blood pressure on brain edema of an experimental cerebrovascular disorder]. PMID- 7130347 TI - [Cervical ripeness and prediction of labor]. PMID- 7130349 TI - [Morphological studies on the spinal rami of the lumbar artery in the japanese fetus by the corrosion-casting method]. PMID- 7130350 TI - [Occupational health survey on beauticians in Japan]. PMID- 7130351 TI - Clinical assessment of serial computerized tomography scanning in severe head injury. PMID- 7130352 TI - Subpopulation of macrophages in prostatic fluid. PMID- 7130353 TI - Scientists as targets in the Soviet Union. PMID- 7130354 TI - Bony interorbital distance (BIOD), head size, and level of the cribriform plate relative to orbital height: II. Possible pathogenesis of orbital hypertelorism. AB - This investigation was designed to test hypothesized pathogenetic mechanisms for orbital hypertelorism (OrH). Serial measurements of bony interorbital distance (BIOD), level of cribriform plate relative to orbital height (LOCP), and cranial width (CW) were made from postero-anterior cephalometric radiographs on two pathologic groups craniofacial clefts (FC) and premature craniofacial synostosis syndromes (PCS) compared with normal controls matched for age and sex. Both groups of malformations showed significantly larger mean values (P less than 0.01) for BIOD alone and when adjusted for CW. The LOCP relative to the orbital height was found to be positioned at a significantly lower level (P less than 0.01) than the norm in both groups. When the growth increments for BIOD were plotted to analyze rates of growth, individuals with FC showed increments similar to those seen for the normal. However, patients with Apert and Crouzon syndromes showed greater than normal increments for BIOD. In these cases, the LOCP remained at a relatively lower level in relation to orbital height. These findings support the hypothesis of a time-specific event during fetal development causing morphokinetic arrest in FC syndromes. In Apert and Crouzon, another mechanism continuing postnatally produces OrH. PMID- 7130355 TI - Lethal and mild hypophosphatasia in half-sibs. AB - This report concerns a family showing both the lethal and mild form of hypophosphatasia in half-sibs. In addition, several other paternal family members with the mild form are documented. The lethal form is characterized by extremely low to absent alkaline phosphatase activity in serum with hypomineralization of the skeleton, whereas mildly affected individuals have enzyme levels intermediate between normal and lethal states. On the basis of this pedigree and because the mildly affected individuals have both biochemical abnormalities and the clinical phenotype of premature tooth loss, we prefer to designate hypophosphatasia as a dominant trait affecting both osteogenesis and cementogenesis which has mild clinical expression in the heterozygote but lethality in the homozygote. This situation resembles the dominantly inherited enzymopathy acute intermittent porphyria. PMID- 7130356 TI - How is mandibular growth controlled during development and evolution? PMID- 7130357 TI - Bony interorbital distance (BIOD), head size, and level of the cribriform plate relative to orbital height: I. Normal standards for age and sex. PMID- 7130358 TI - Prospective survey of fecal, urinary tract, and environmental colonization by Providencia stuartii in two geriatric wards. AB - A prospective survey of fecal, urinary tract, and environmental colonization by Providencia stuartii in two wards was undertaken over a 5-month period. Eight of 53 male patients and 2 of 89 female patients were colonized with the endemic serotype O:63. Two patterns of colonization were found on the male ward. Two patients had persistent urinary tract colonization with no detectable fecal carriage. The other patients had fecal carriage, in some cases persistent, with intermittent urinary tract colonization. The ward environment was in general not contaminated. This study demonstrates that fecal colonization of patients by P. stuartii may be an important and previously underestimated nosocomial reservoir. PMID- 7130361 TI - Rapid evaluation of female patients exposed to gonorrhea by use of the Limulus lysate test. AB - The Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) assay was used to evaluate 115 females who were named as sexual contacts by men with culture-proven gonorrhea. These patients were treated for gonorrhea before laboratory confirmation, as recommended by the Centers for Disease Control, because of the lack of rapid screening tests and the serious consequences of undetected infection. For the LAL assay, endocervical samples were collected with depyrogenated cotton-tipped swabs, and the swabs were placed in 10 ml of diluent to assay for endotoxin; the negative predictive value of the LAL assay at this dilution was 100%. Incubation was carried out at 37 degrees C for 30 min; positive or negative results were indicated by gelation or lack of gelation, respectively. Lysate sensitivity was 0.3 ng/ml, with an Escherichia coli endotoxin standard. Single endocervical cultures and the LAL assay were both positive in 71 patients, but the Gram stain was positive in only 36 (50.7%) of these cases. For the 44 culture-negative cases, the LAL assay was negative in 21 (47.7%). Thus, the LAL assay was able to selectively exclude approximately half of the culture-negative gonorrhea contacts and would have spared these patients inappropriate therapy and contact tracing, without excluding culture-positive gonorrhea cases. PMID- 7130360 TI - Rotavirus gastroenteritis and weather. AB - During 5.5 years of a study in Washington, D.C., hospitalizations of children for rotavirus gastroenteritis tended to be more common after a month of cold or dry weather than after a corresponding calendar month of warm or wet weather. Overall, there were 84% more (178 versus 97) inpatients with rotavirus gastroenteritis after a set of relatively colder individual months taken as a group than after an equal number of warmer corresponding calendar months taken as a group. Comparable differences were not seen with nonrotavirus gastroenteritis patients. There also were 45% more rotavirus hospitalizations after the set of months with the least depth of precipitation compared with the set of corresponding calendar months with the greatest depth of precipitation. Rotavirus infection in young infants, the children least likely to be directly exposed to outdoor conditions, showed some of the most marked weather-associated effects. These findings suggest that weather-related low indoor relative humidity and indoor crowding may be key factors in the epidemiology of rotavirus disease. PMID- 7130359 TI - Bacteriuria caused by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus biovars in a normal population and in general practice. AB - A total of 14 strains of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus biovar anitratus and 93 strains of A. calcoaceticus biovar lwoffi from a total of 97 patients participating in studies of significant bacteriuria were cultured. These studies involved an interview survey of asymptomatic significant bacteriuria and a multiple-center investigation of urinary tract infection diagnosed in general practice. Antibiotic susceptibilities of the strains as determined by a disk diffusion technique were generally in agreement with the results in the available literature, although we found high activity exhibited by ampicillin, cephalosporin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and streptomycin. The following resistance patterns were seen. (i) The strains from the interview survey were more often resistant to ampicillin, oxacillin, and tetracycline than were strains from the general practice study. (ii) More biovar anitratus strains than biovar lwoffi strains were resistant to chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and mecillinam. (iii) More biovar anitratus strains than biovar lwoffi strains were resistant to carbenicillin in the interview survey. The literature relevant to the incidence and significance of A. calcoaceticus biovars in urinary cultures, as well as predisposing factors, was reviewed. The incidence of these organisms in significant bacteriuria seems to be increasing. We concluded that A. calcoaceticus biovars can cause urinary tract infection in abnormal hosts as well as in basically healthy individuals. PMID- 7130362 TI - Controlled evaluation of hypertonic sucrose medium for detection of bacteremia and fungemia in supplemented peptone broth. AB - Because the value of hypertonic media in detection of bacteremia and fungemia is controversial, we evaluated supplemented peptone broth (SPB) with 0.03% sodium polyanetholsulfonate with and without 10% sucrose in 5,439 paired blood cultures from adult patients. The aerobic atmosphere, 1:10 ratio of blood to broth, and methods for processing blood cultures were identical. Only cultures with adequate blood samples (greater than or equal to 4 ml) were compared statistically. More clinically important bacteria were recovered from SPB with sucrose (P less than or equal to 0.001), including Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterobacteriaceae, and Bacteroidaceae. However, only one of nine isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae grew in SPB with sucrose. Staphylococci (P less than 0.001), Enterobacteriaceae (P less than 0.01), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P less than 0.01), and yeasts (P less than 0.05) were detected 1 or more days earlier in SPB with sucrose. The effect of sucrose on blood cultures appears to be medium dependent, based on comparisons of our results with those of published reports. PMID- 7130363 TI - Pneumonia caused by a previously undescribed bacterium. AB - A new and as yet unidentified bacterium was isolated from the lung tissue of a cancer patient with bilateral pneumonia. Clinically, the pneumonia was consistent with legionellosis; the organism cultured from the lung grew only on the charcoal yeast extract agar routinely used for Legionella isolation. Subsequent testing, however, showed the organism to be quite distinct from the known Legionella species in its biochemical, antigenic, and growth characteristics. PMID- 7130365 TI - Sensitivity of passive bacterial agglutination for detection of hepatitis B surface antigen. AB - The sensitivity of passive bacterial agglutination (PBA), i.e., the agglutination of Staphylococcus aureus coated with antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen by hepatitis B surface antigen, was assessed by testing reference panel no. 3A sera (Bureau of Biologics, U.S. Food and Drug Administration). Of the 23 samples containing hepatitis B surface antigen, 18 were positive by PBA. Sera from 100 healthy adults were tested by PBA and reversed passive hemagglutination. Four sera were positive by both methods. One additional sample was positive only by PBA; if one assumes that it was a false-positive result, the rate of false positive reactions was only 1%. PMID- 7130364 TI - Bone infection caused by debaryomyces hansenii in a normal host: a case report. AB - Debaryomyces hansenii was isolated from a cystic lesion in the distal tibia of a healthy 23-year-old woman. Ascospores were demonstrated when the organism was incubated at 25 but not at 30 degrees C. Electron microscopy was necessary to demonstrate the warty surface of the ascospore wall. Growth was inhibited in vitro by low concentrations of amphotericin B, 5-fluorocytosine, miconazole, and ketoconazole. Four previous cases of infection caused by Debaryomyces spp. and one caused by the related fungus Torulopsis candida were reviewed. PMID- 7130366 TI - Biotype-specific restriction and modification of DNA in Vibrio cholerae. AB - By using Vibrio cholerae typing phages it was possible to demonstrate that within V. cholerae of the O-1 serotype there are at least two biotype-specific DNA restriction and modification systems. PMID- 7130368 TI - Enzymatic profile of Pseudomonas paucimobilis. AB - Pseudomonas paucimobilis, previously known as group IIK biotype 1, was found to have a significantly different enzyme profile from that of Flavobacterium multivorum, formerly group IIK biotype 2. P. paucimobilis produces several esterases and phosphatases which may contribute to its virulence. PMID- 7130370 TI - Evaluation of a prereduced anaerobically sterilized medium (PRAS II) system for identification anaerobic microorganisms. AB - A prereduced, anaerobically sterilized system of tubed media (PRAS II; Scott Laboratories, Fiskeville, R.I.) was evaluated for accuracy in the identification of anerobic microorganisms. PRAS II was found to be a rapid and accurate identification system for obligate anaerobes which does not require the use of gas cannula inoculation or incubation in a special anaerobic environment. PMID- 7130369 TI - Mycoplasma hominis septicemia. AB - We report a case of Mycoplasma hominis septicemia in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and prostatic obstruction. Signs of sepsis followed urinary catheterization, and M. hominis was recovered repeatedly from blood, urine, and pleural fluid. Detection in blood was accomplished by routine subculture from grossly negative blood culture bottles. PMID- 7130367 TI - Chorioamnionitis and possible neonatal infection associated with Lactobacillus species. AB - A patient is described with premature labor at 32 weeks of gestation complicated by chorioamnionitis associated with Lactobacillus species, subsequent premature delivery, and possible neonatal infection. Mother and infant did well with antibiotic therapy. The significance of chorioamnionitis and neonatal pneumonia due to this organism group is discussed. PMID- 7130371 TI - Brucella suis: an unusual cause of suppurative lymphadenitis in an outpatient. AB - A routine aerobic culture of purulent material from a draining sinus tract of a patient with chronic lymphadenitis yielded growth of a fastidious gram-negative coccobacillus later identified as Brucella suis biotype 1. The patient responded to administration of antibacterial drugs and surgical drainage. PMID- 7130372 TI - Urea-hydrolyzing Vibrio parahaemolyticus associated with acute gastroenteritis. AB - A case of gastroenteritis caused by a urea-hydrolyzing strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus is presented. Urea-hydrolyzing strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus have rarely been reported and have not been described previously as a cause of gastroenteritis in the United States. With the exception of urea hydrolysis and the methyl red test, the isolate had all the characteristics of V. parahaemolyticus. The need to screen suspicious non-lactose-fermenting colonies from stool specimens with the oxidase test is emphasized. PMID- 7130373 TI - Single derivatization method for routine analysis of bacterial whole-cell fatty acid methyl esters, including hydroxy acids. AB - Analysis of fatty acid methyl esters prepared from whole-cell bacteria by sodium hydroxide hydrolysis and boron trichloride-catalyzed methylation showed degradation of hydroxy acid peaks after several injections on a fused silica capillary column. A simple base wash of the extracts before injection prevented the tailing of the hydroxy acid peaks even after extended use. This eliminates the need to form trifluoroacetic anhydride derivatives of the hydroxy acids. PMID- 7130375 TI - Acute pyelonephritis caused by Staphylococcus xylosus. AB - Staphylococcus xylosus was recovered from the urine of a patient with pyelonephritis. Antibodies against the teichoic acid of the microorganism were demonstrated in the patient's serum by the agar gel diffusion technique. PMID- 7130374 TI - Rapid detection of significant bacteriuria by use of an automated Limulus amoebocyte lysate assay. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that significant gram-negative bacteriuria can be detected by using the Limulus amoebocyte lysate test. A series of 580 urine specimens were tested in parallel with the automated MS-2 (Abbott Laboratories) assay and with quantitative urine bacterial cultures. The overall ability of the MS-2 Limulus amoebocyte lysate test to correctly classify urine specimens as containing either greater than or equal to 10(5) organisms or less than 10(5) organisms per ml during a 20-min test period was 92.6%. PMID- 7130376 TI - Neisseria sicca osteomyelitis. AB - Neisseria sicca was identified as the cause of vertebral osteomyelitis in a male patient who had previously suffered a nonpenetrating, traumatic back injury. The identifying characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns are presented for this rare human pathogen, which heretofore has not been reported as a cause of infection localized to bone. PMID- 7130378 TI - Quasi-elastic light scattering studies of rabbit skeletal myosin solutions. AB - Homodyne measurements of the laser light spectrum scattered from solutions of rabbit skeletal muscle myosin in high ionic-strength media manifested a characteristic D value dependence on myosin concentrations. Using the typical D versus myosin concentration curves obtained in the presence of 0.5 M phosphate and 0.2 M phosphate respectively as references, it has been shown that: (1) the observed phenomena are completely reversible; (2) minor components such as C- and F-protein do not significantly influence the measured D values; and (3) the effect of preparation procedures on these dynamic light-scattering measurements is negligible. A common argument (irreversible aggregation) against a monomer dimer equilibrium is ruled out; on the other hand, some doubt still remains with regard to the existence and physiological significance of a reversible dimerization. PMID- 7130379 TI - Paralytic spinal deformity: orthotic treatment in spinal discontinuity syndromes. AB - Nineteen patients with spinal discontinuity syndromes resulting in paralytic spinal deformity were treated with orthoses to postpone spinal stabilization to allow for vertebral growth. All patients had some degree of sensory deficit under the orthosis. The average period of orthotic treatment for all patients was 54 months (range, 22 to 98). The initial upright curve measurement prior to treatment averaged 43 degrees, the best correction obtained during treatment averaged 26 degrees, and all curves averaged 39 degrees when the brace was discontinued or at most recent follow-up. Although pressure sores occurred, no orthosis was abandoned due to a decubitus problem. Eight patients were successfully braced until maturity, at which time they underwent one stage spinal fusion. Five immature patients are still under active orthotic treatment. Poor compliance with brace wear was documented in the cases in which unacceptable progression occurred, requiring spinal fusion prior to maturity. Successful, technically simpler, one stage stabilization procedures were made possible by the successful long-term control of these difficult spinal deformities afforded by orthotic treatment. PMID- 7130377 TI - Structure of membranes in crayfish muscle: comparison of phasic and tonic fibres. AB - Membranes of two crayfish muscles with different contraction speeds were studied with freeze-fracture replicas and thin sections. A fast-contracting, short sarcomere phasic muscle, the tail flexor, and a slowly contracting long sarcomere tonic muscle, the carpopodite flexor, were chosen for this study. Membranes examined included the plasmalemma, clefts, T-system, Z-tubules and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). We found distinct differences in the distribution of these membranes: T-system and clefts are more elaborate in the tail flexor, while SR is more extensive in the leg flexor. The tail flexor apparently lacks Z-tubules. These differences were more obvious in freeze-fracture replicas than in thin sections. In freeze-fracture replicas, both junctional and non-junctional T tubule membranes can be distinguished from Z-tubules by content of intramembranous particles. The junctional regions of T-system and surface membranes contain large (10-11 nm) intramembranous particles that are absent from non-junctional parts of these membranes. There is also a class of particles on the junctional SR fracture faces that differs from intramembranous particles on non-junctional SR. These junctional specialization are similar in long and short sarcomere fibres. PMID- 7130380 TI - The role of arthroscopy in children. AB - The records for 156 consecutive arthroscopic examinations in children with knee complaints were reviewed. Diagnostic accuracy was based on subsequent arthrotomy and the clinical course in the absence of arthrotomy. All arthroscopies were performed by one person (NCC) between 1975 and 1979. Children under 12 years (most of them aged 6-11 years) accounted for 43 of the patients. The arthroscopic diagnoses were classified into three categories: very useful, useful, and not useful. Arthroscopy was found to be very useful in 30% of children in both age groups, those under and those over 12 years. In all these patients, unnecessary arthrotomies were avoided. Most (63%) of the arthroscopies were found to be useful, since they provided additional findings and biopsies. Only in 5% of cases did the arthroscopy fail to add any information. There were no complications from the procedure. Arthroscopy is an effective diagnostic tool that can be used safely in children. PMID- 7130381 TI - Subacute hematogenous osteomyelitis in children: a retrospective study. PMID- 7130382 TI - Benefits and risks of sequential parenteral--oral cephalosporin therapy for suppurative bone and joint infections. AB - Seventy-five infants and children with suppurative skeletal infections were managed with a sequential parenteral-oral regimen of cephalosporin antibiotic therapy. Initially, parenteral antibiotics (cefamandole for 48 patients and cefuroxime for 27 patients) were given for a median of 5 days. Oral therapy was with large doses of cefaclor (150 mg/kg/day) or cephalexin (100 mg/kg/day). Eight patients (11%) had inadequate serum bactericidal activity with cefaclor. Six of them were successfully managed with alternative oral antibiotics, and parenteral therapy resumed in one patient. Chronic disease developed in a child who was continued on oral cloxacillin therapy in spite of absent serum bactericidal activity. It is concluded that oral therapy can be successful for the majority of patients but that it is hazardous and not indicated if careful laboratory monitoring of compliance and serum bactericidal activity cannot be performed. PMID- 7130384 TI - Epiphysiodesis: a problem of timing. AB - A retrospective review of 67 distal femoral and proximal tibial epiphysiodeses, performed over a 14 year period for correction of leg length inequality, revealed only 22 patients with a final discrepancy of less than 1 cm. Ten of the 45 failures were secondary to inadequate surgical epiphysiodesis. The remaining 35 failures were secondary to errors in timing surgery due to incorrect use of Green and Anderson growth prediction tables. The primary causes of failure would have been decreased by more careful follow-up and the use of the Moseley Graph. PMID- 7130383 TI - Roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis of growth pattern after supination adduction ankle injuries in children. AB - In a prospective study of supination-adduction (SA) ankle fractures in children, the post-traumatic growth pattern was registered with a roentgen stereophotogrammetric technique allowing exact determination of the growth rate within 3 months after fracture. It was possible to predict future growth pattern within 6 months. The SA injuries (10 cases) were divided into two stages according to Gerner-Smidt. One Stage I injury (physeal separation through the distal fibula) showed a growth stimulation. Nine Stage II injuries (including a fracture through the medial malleolus) showed four types of growth pattern besides symmetrical growth. The Salter-Harris classification alone showed no obvious correlation to the post-traumatic growth pattern, whereas factors such as age at injury, stage of injury, displacement, and treatment in combination with the Salter-Harris classification contributed to a better prediction of risk of deformity. It was found that displaced Stage II injuries in the younger child had the highest risk of developing a clinically significant varus deformity. Early determination of the post-traumatic growth pattern is of crucial importance in SA injuries with a high risk of growth deformities. Operative treatment in order to restore normal growth can be performed before a severe deformity has developed. PMID- 7130385 TI - Hepatobiliary rickets. AB - Rickets secondary to hepatobiliary disease is a rare condition; however, the skeletal manifestations are similar to simple nutritional rickets. These skeletal changes include epiphyseal plate abnormalities, pseudofractures, bowing of long bones, scoliosis, and fractures. One-hundred and twelve charts and radiographs of patients with chronic hepatobiliary disease admitted to Children's Hospital of Michigan from 1968 to 1978 were reviewed. Nineteen, or 17%, of these patients showed roentgenographic evidence of rickets. Orthopedic management is primarily concerned with the treatment of fractures and prevention or correction of deformities in those children whose longevity justifies treatment. PMID- 7130387 TI - Idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis and scoliosis. PMID- 7130386 TI - Femur remodelled during growth after osteomyelitis causing coxa vara and shaft necrosis. AB - A case of osteomyelitis of the femur in a 6-year-old boy, which resulted in pathological fracture of the femoral neck, severe coxa vara deformity, and total sequestration of the diaphysis, is reported. Sequestrectomy was intentionally delayed until 10 months had elapsed from the onset of the disease in order to let an involucrum develop. At removal of the main sequestra, the involucrum was stable and had replaced the necrotic diaphysis. Pseudarthrosis was prevented by the delay of sequestrectomy. During 9 years of growth after the acute stage, the coxa vara deformity spontaneously corrected to a state close to normal anatomy and, at the age of 15 years, the shape of the entire bone was not far from normal. The almost complete restoration to the normal shape of the destroyed femur indicates that both the differentiation capacity of the cells from which it was restored and grew and the guiding forces directing their development had been preserved. Corresponding phenomena, still poorly understood, may play an important role in several pathological conditions of the growing skeleton. PMID- 7130388 TI - Intraoperative monitoring and anesthetic management for spinal fusion in an amelic patient. PMID- 7130389 TI - Avulsion fracture of the tibial tubercle apophysis with avulsion of patellar ligament. PMID- 7130391 TI - Post-traumatic femoral head lesions. PMID- 7130390 TI - Traumatic anterior dislocation of the hip with fracture of the shaft of the ipsilateral femur in children: case report and review of the literature. AB - A case of traumatic anterior dislocation of the hip with ipsilateral subtrochanteric fracture in a child is presented. The dislocated femoral head occluded the femoral artery. Closed reduction, which was easy, proved unstable. It was found that the pull of abductors and external rotators acting on the short proximal fragment forced the femoral head to slide through the tear in the anterior capsule. This necessitated open reduction and internal fixation of the fracture to control the position of the proximal fragment. Literature review showed that this combined injury is extremely rare; only one case with this combined injury was mentioned in the literature but without details. PMID- 7130392 TI - Molecular defect of spectrin in hereditary pyropoikilocytosis. Alterations in the trypsin-resistant domain involved in spectrin self-association. AB - In hereditary pyropoikilocytosis (HPP) the erythrocyte membrane skeleton exhibits mechanical instability that can be correlated to defective self-association of spectrin heterodimers. To detect structural changes in the functional domains of HPP spectrin we have examined the peptide pattern produced by limited tryptic digestion of spectrin extracts from two families that contain three HPP patients. Limited tryptic digestion of all three HPP patients revealed a similar and reproducible decrease in the staining intensity of an 80,000-, and 22,000-, and an 88,000-dalton polypeptide with a concomitant increase in a 74,000- and a 90,000-dalton polypeptide as compared with controls. Only changes in the 80,000-, and 74,000-, and 22,000-dalton polypeptides could be correlated to defective spectrin self-association and the amount of spectrin dimers in 0 degrees C extracts of the HPP patients and their affected kindred. Similar results were obtained when the tryptic digests were analyzed by two-dimensional isoelectric focusing/sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with the affected 74,000- and 80,000-dalton polypeptides focusing into multiple spots ranging in isoelectric point from 5.3-5.4. When HPP spectrin dimers and tetramers were separated and subjected to trypsin digestion, changes in the 80,000-, 74,000 , and 22,000-dalton polypeptides were found predominantly in the spectrin dimer pool. Similar results were obtained for spectrin from two of the probands' mother, whom we have identified as an HPP carrier. We conclude that these HPP patients contain a population of normal, (principally tetrameric) and mutant (principally dimeric) spectrin. The latter is characterized by a defective spectrin dimer self-association due to conformational changes that affect the 80,000-dalton domain. PMID- 7130394 TI - Hydration of sickle cells using the sodium ionophore Monensin. A model for therapy. AB - Mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) is thought to have an important influence in sickle cell disease, both through the strong dependence of sickling rates on hemoglobin S concentration, and through the profoundly limiting effect of high MCHC on the rheologic competence of oxygenated, irreversibly sickled cells (ISC). Recent studies have tested the ability of antidiuretic hormone to reduce sickle cell MCHC by reducing plasma sodium (Na) and osmolality. An alternative means of reducing MCHC is to elevate intracellular cation content, rather than to depress extracellular cation concentration. In an effort to do this, we have treated sickle cells with Monensin, an antibiotic that selectively enhances membrane Na permeability. At submicromolar concentrations, Monensin substantially reduced the MCHC of whole sickle blood and isolated ISC, causing an improvement in cell deformability. Monensin's effectiveness in producing a controlled increase in erythrocyte water content suggests that agents that selectively increase membrane Na permeability could be therapeutically useful. PMID- 7130393 TI - Lymphokines enhance the capacity of human monocytes to secret reactive oxygen intermediates. AB - Supernatants from mitogen- or antigen-stimulated human blood mononuclear cells enhanced the capacity of human monocytes or monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) to release H(2)O(2) or O(2) in response to phorbol myristate acetate or zymosan. The stimulatory effect of lymphokines (LK) lasted approximately 5 d, regardless of the time of their addition. However, the magnitude of stimulation depended on whether LK were added to freshly explanted monocytes or to MDM. When LK were added on day 0 of culture, they enhanced MDM H(2)O(2)-releasing capacity approximately 40% measured on day 3, when H(2)O(2)-releasing capacity in the controls was maximal. Addition of LK on day 2 retarded the decline in H(2)O(2) releasing capacity normally seen by day 5, so that LK-treated cells released about twice as much H(2)O(2) as the controls. Addition of LK to MDM that had already lost most of their H(2)O(2)-releasing capacity (e.g., on day 4-6) restored it to an average of 60% of the values seen with freshly explanted monocytes. In this case, LK-treated cells were about 12 times more active than cells incubated in medium alone. The effects of LK were dose- and time-dependent, with maximal effects requiring 3 d of exposure. The specific activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and myeloperoxidase, and the specific content of glutathione were not diminished in LK-treated MDM, suggesting that increased synthesis of H(2)O(2) rather than decreased catabolism probably explained the greater release of H(2)O(2) from LK treated cells. In contrast, release of H(2)O(2) was suppressed 93+/-4% by exposing monocytes for 4 d to hydrocortisone (50%-inhibitory concentration, 1.9+/ 0.3 x 10(-7) M). Thus, the oxidative metabolism of human mononuclear phagocytes can be markedly modulated in vitro: augmented by mediators released from lymphocytes during an immune response, and suppressed by antiinflammatory corticosteroids. PMID- 7130395 TI - Biosynthesis of immunoreactive somatostatin by hypothalamic neurons in culture. AB - The neuronal biosynthesis of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) was investigated using mechanically dispersed neonatal rat hypothalamic cells kept in culture for up to 6 wk. Immunohistochemically, SLI was specifically localized to a small subpopulation of parvicellular neurons and their cell processes. By radioimmunoassay the cellular SLI content declined steadily during the first 2 wk in culture (nadir value of 60 fmol/dish at day 15) but then increased progressively to reach a maximum value of 381 fmol/dish at day 46. Gel chromatographic analysis showed this immunoreactivity to consist of forms corresponding to tetradecapeptide somatostatin (S-14), somatostatin-28 (S-28), and a 15,000-mol-wt molecule. After incubation of the cells with [3H]phenylalanine, the cellular extracts, purified by adsorption to C18 silica, contained material that bound specifically to an immobilized antisomatostatin antibody. Analysis by gel chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography of the specifically bound label provided evidence for the presence of labeled S-14, S-28, and the 15,000-mol-wt molecule. Pulse-chase experiments (20-min pulse, 20-min chase) demonstrated a transfer of radioactivity from the 15,000-mol-wt form to material corresponding to S-14 as well as to S-28. These studies demonstrate that cultured hypothalamic neurons are capable of synthesizing three somatostatin-like peptides (15,000-mol-wt SLI, S-28, S-14), one of which (15,000-mol-wt SLI) serve as a biosynthetic precursor for both S-28 and S-14. This in vitro system should provide a powerful tool for further investigation of the biosynthesis and regulation of biosynthesis of somatostatin in the hypothalamus. PMID- 7130396 TI - Differential action of the bisphosphonates (3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene)-1,1 bisphosphonate (APD) and disodium dichloromethylidene bisphosphonate (Cl2MDP) on rat macrophage-mediated bone resorption in vitro. AB - The bisphosphonates (3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene)-1,1-bisphosphonate (APD) and disodium dichloromethylidene bisphosphonate (Cl(2)MDP) effectively inhibit the accelerated bone resorption associated with some skeletal disorders, e.g., Paget's disease. However, it has not been established whether these compounds exert their inhibitory effect by rendering the bone mineral more resistant to degradation, by diminishing the activity of resorbing cells, or through some combination of both activities. In this study, we have tested these possibilities using an in vitro resorption assay system consisting of elicited rat peritoneal macrophages co-cultured with particles of (45)Ca-labeled, devitalized rat bone. This assay system permits the quantitative assessment of the action of APD and Cl(2)MDP on the two major phases of bone resorption (cell-substrate attachment and osteolysis) under circumstances where the drugs are present continuously or, most importantly for the issues in question, after the separate pretreatment of the particles or the resorbing cells. Our data indicate that (a) Both APD and Cl(2)MDP at concentrations >/=5 x 10(-6) M diminish macrophage-mediated (45)Ca release (i.e., bone resorption) in a log dose-dependent fashion. (b) A 10-min pretreatment of bone particles with either bisphosphonate (P-C-P) similarly inhibits resorptive activity, but is most pronounced with Cl(2)MDP. However, only APD is effective in reducing resorption when cells are preincubated (for 24 h) with P-C-P. (c) In cultures containing both labeled and unlabeled bone, significant inhibition occurs only when the labeled particles are coated with P-C P (indicating that the action of P-C-P-treated bone is highly localized). (d) P-C P does not diminish cell-bone particle attachment, an essential step in the resorptive process. On the other hand, delaying the addition of P-C-P until after cell-bone attachment is completed significantly reduces the resorption-inhibiting effect of these compounds. (e) Cl(2)MDP reduces culture DNA content in proportion to its inhibitory effect on resorption, and both the inhibitory and cytotoxic actions of this P-C-P are dependent upon the presence of bone. On the other hand, APD is cytotoxic only at very high concentrations (10(-4) M), acts independently of the presence of bone, and inhibits resorption without killing cells. We conclude that the mechanisms of action of APD and Cl(2)MDP are markedly different. Cl(2)MDP is a potent cytotoxin in the presence of bone and apparently exerts its inhibitory effect in this manner. APD is noncytotoxic at levels adequate to suppress resorption and, therefore, must inhibit macrophage activity by some other mechanism. Neither P-C-P appears to limit resorption by decreasing the solubility of mineralized bone matrix. PMID- 7130399 TI - Characterisation of the binding sites of anti-parathyroid hormone antisera using synthetic parathyroid hormone peptides. AB - Four antisera raised against partly purified PTH preparations all showed a wide range of specificities when reacting with radioiodinated PTH peptides representing several different portions of the intact hormone sequence. In contrast, antisera raised against individual peptides were only able to cross react with other peptides that contained all or part of their amino acid sequence in common. Cross-reacting peptides were seen to contain one or more amino acid residues having high interspecies variability in common. We have explained the antigenicity and cross-reactivity of the peptides on the basis of these common highly variable amino acid sequences. We have concluded that the selection of hormonal material in radioimmunoassays for PTH should be made on the basis of the highly variable amino acid residue content. This will allow a narrowing of the assay specificities and permit detection of a desired region of the PTH hormone. PMID- 7130398 TI - Studies of the mechanism of the antidiarrheal effect of codeine. AB - To determine whether the antidiarrheal action of opiate drugs in humans is due to enhanced intestinal absorption rates, as suggested by recent experiments in animals, or is due to altered intestinal motility, as traditionally thought, we studied the effect of therapeutic doses of codeine on experimental diarrhea and on the rate of intestinal absorption of water and electrolytes in normal human subjects. Our results show that codeine (30-60 mg i.m.) markedly reduced stool volume during experimental diarrhea induced by rapid intragastric infusion of a balanced electrolyte solution. There was, however, no evidence that codeine stimulated the rate of intestinal absorption in the gut as a whole or in any segment of the gastrointestinal tract, either in the basal state or when absorption rates were reduced by intravenous infusion of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. We also measured segmental transit times to determine whether and where codeine delayed the passage of fluid through the intestine. Codeine caused a marked slowing of fluid movement through the jejunum, but had no effect on the movement of fluid through the ileum or colon. In other studies, we found that the opiate antagonist naloxone did not significantly affect water or electrolyte absorption rates in the jejunum or ileum. We conclude (a) that therapeutic doses of codeine increase net intestinal absorption (and thereby reduce stool volume) by increasing the contact time of luminal fluid with mucosal cells, not by increasing the rate of absorption by the mucosal cells; and (b) that endogenous opiates do not regulate intestinal absorption in humans. PMID- 7130397 TI - Tangier disease. High density lipoprotein deficiency due to defective metabolism of an abnormal apolipoprotein A-i (ApoA-ITangier). AB - Tangier disease is a rare familial disorder characterized by enlarged orange tonsils, transient peripheral neuropathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and lymphadenopathy, as well as striking reductions in plasma high density lipoproteins (HDL) and their major protein constituents, apolipoproteins (apo)A-I and A-II. In order to test the hypothesis that Tangier patients have abnormal apoA-I or apoA-II, the in vitro lipoprotein binding and in vivo metabolic characteristics of these proteins isolated from normal and Tangier plasma, were studied in normal subjects and patients with Tangier disease. After incubation with normal plasma, significantly greater percentages of radiolabeled Tangier apoA-I were associated with the 1.063-g/ml supernate (6%) and the 1.21 g/ml infranate (19%), and a lower percentage with HDL (75%), than those observed for normal apoA-I (2, 8, and 90%, respectively). In contrast, the lipoprotein binding properties of normal and Tangier apoA-II were very similar. Following the injection of radiolabeled normal and Tangier apoA-I into normal subjects (n = 4), the mean residence times of the specific activity for apoA-I(Tangier) were significantly lower, both in plasma (1.29 d) and in HDL (1.34 d), than those observed for normal apoA-I (3.80 and 4.06 d). In Tangier homozygotes the decay rates of these tracers were very rapid and were similar. No significant differences between the kinetics of normal and Tangier apoA-II were observed in normal subjects (n = 2). Tangier homozygotes (n = 3) had mean plasma HDL cholesterol, apoA-I, and apoA-II concentrations that were 4, 2, and 11% of normal (n = 24), respectively, whereas for heterozygotes (n = 3) these values were 46, 62, and 68% of normal. In homozygotes, in contrast to normals or heterozygotes, a significant fraction of both apoA-I and apoA-II were found in the 1.063-g/ml supernate instead of in HDL. Homozygotes had apoA-I(Tangier) synthesis rates and residence times that were 41 and 5% of values observed for normal apoA-I in normal subjects, and for apoA-II in homozygotes, these parameters were 63 and 18% of normal. Heterozygotes had apoA-I synthesis rates and residence times that were 92 and 66% of normal, and for apoA-II these values were 101 and 64% of normal. These data are consistent with the concept that apoA-I(Tangier) is functionally and metabolically distinct from normal apoA-I, and is the cause of the striking hypercatabolism of apoA-I and apoA-II, and the lipoprotein abnormalities observed in Tangier disease. PMID- 7130400 TI - Effect of methylphenidate on thought processing time in children. AB - Methylphenidate is commonly prescribed for children in order to improve attentional aspects of their behavior. However, resultant long-term academic improvement in these children is negligible. To investigate this discrepancy, a reaction time paradigm was utilized with 10 males and 2 females (mean age was 9.8 years; SD, 1.6 years) diagnosed as having an attentional deficit disorder. Using a double-blind procedure with methylphenidate and a placebo, a decrease in simple reaction time was found in the medication condition. However, no drug effect was found on decision times using a choice reaction time task. It was concluded that methylphenidate and perhaps other stimulant medications affect attentional processes in hyperactive youth but may not affect those higher cortical processes required to make long-term academic gains. PMID- 7130401 TI - Psychological issues in mothers of children with hemophilia. PMID- 7130402 TI - Assessing the predictive validity of developmental milestones. AB - Parental report of development milestones influences the physician's decision to refer for developmental evaluation and early education. The predictive validity of commonly reported milestones was evaluated by collecting data from records in a comprehensive care clinic. Multivariate analyses determined the relationships among age of milestone achievement and Wechsler intelligence Scale for Children Revised (WISC-R) intelligence quotient (IQ) scores. Other routinely collected medical and demographic information was then added, and stepwise regressions determined the best combinations of predictors of WISC-R IQ scores. Milestones alone predicted 24 to 42% of the variance in WISC-R IQ scores, suggesting that there are meaningful relationships between the age of attainment of milestones and later intellectual functioning. However, when other medical and demographic information was added to the prediction equation, the predictive power of milestones was overshadowed by that of the new variables. Milestones are validated as one criterion for referral for specialized early development services, but adding other objective data, including standardized developmental screening, is recommended for optimal decision making. PMID- 7130403 TI - A parent education and support program in a private pediatric practice. PMID- 7130404 TI - Youngsters who stutter: diagnosis, parent counseling, and referral. AB - The purpose of this paper is to present clinical considerations regarding the speaking behavior, nature, and environment of young children who stutter. The speech of these children contains more within-word speech disfluencies (sound/syllable repetitions, sound prolongations, and within-word pauses) than that of their normally fluent peers. Although the physical, mental, social, psychological, and communicative nature of these children is not grossly different than that of unaffected children, some youngsters who stutter do exhibit subtle delays or deviancies in speech sound articulation, expressive language, and fine/gross motor coordination skills. The young stutterer's environment is as variable as that of the average child. Careful observation reveals subtle, and some not so subtle, parental attitudes which seem to foster the child's belief that speaking is a difficult task, requiring mental and physical effort, and that it must be produced precisely, quickly, and maturely. Information is provided to clinicians working with children between 2 and 6 years of age (the time period when stuttering usually begins) which should assist in objective identification of childhood stuttering, recognition of those symptoms which most strongly suggest referral, as well as an understanding of basic "facts" about this most complex of communication disorders. PMID- 7130405 TI - School physicians: what do they do and why are they needed? PMID- 7130406 TI - Alcoholism treatment by disulfiram and community reinforcement therapy. AB - Traditional disulfiram treatment has often been ineffective because of a failure to maintain usage. The present study with 43 alcoholics compared: (1) a traditional disulfiram treatment, (2) a socially motivated Disulfiram Assurance program and (3) a Disulfiram Assurance program combined with reinforcement therapy. About five sessions were given for each program. At the 6-month follow up, the traditional treatment clients were drinking on most days and no longer taking the medication. The Disulfiram Assurance treatment resulted in almost total sobriety for married or (cohabitating) clients but had little benefit for the single ones. The combined program produced near-total sobriety for the single and married clients. These results indicate a promising integration of chemical, psychological and social treatment of alcoholism. PMID- 7130407 TI - Group parent training versus individual family therapy: an outcome study. AB - A sample of 15 families referred for child behavior problems were randomly assigned to a group condition (parent training plus group behavior therapy, n = 7), and an individual condition (individual family behavior therapy, n = 8). These children manifested primarily home problems of non-compliance, tantrums and fighting behaviors. Results showed the group condition was more efficient in terms of therapist time and number of subject-families achieving an experimental criterion for behavior change. The group condition scored significantly higher than the individual condition on a post-test measuring knowledge of behavioral principles as applied to children. Most subjects, regardless of treatment condition, rated non-targeted behaviors as decreasing in frequency. Also, both groups were equally satisfied with therapy. Families were contacted 6 months following the conclusion of treatment. PMID- 7130408 TI - In-class evaluation of behavior modification knowledge: parallel tests for use in applied settings. AB - A revision of the Knowledge of Behavioral Principles as Applied to Children test (O'Dell, Tarler-Benlolo and Flynn, 1979) is described. The revision includes reduction of the original 50 item test to two 10 item tests through administration of the test to a sample of 164 direct care staff after training in an applied human service setting. Psychometric assessment of the two short forms was done using a second sample of 111 trainees. Reducing the test had little impact on the internal consistency of the tests (from 0.862 to 0.735 and 0.765). The two short forms exhibited some of the characteristics of parallel forms (equal means and variances) and their intercorrelation (r = 0.87, corrected for attenuation) was sufficient for further use in research or evaluation settings. Suggestions for further development and use of the two forms were made. PMID- 7130409 TI - Treatment of an overactive gag reflex: two cases. AB - Two cases are presented in which avoidance of dental work was caused by an overactive gag reflex rather than fear. Subjects were able to demonstrate increased control of gagging in the laboratory, and to complete a series of dental visits immediately after treatment and again at 6 or 12 month follow-up. Assessment and treatment strategies which were developed with these subjects are described. PMID- 7130411 TI - Management of chronic rumination with a contingent exercise procedure employing topographically dissimilar behavior. AB - Walking was employed as a functionally incompatible activity in a contingent exercise procedure to manage chronic rumination in a 10 year old mentally retarded male. The high frequency ruminative behavior was rapidly reduced once the topographically dissimilar activity was introduced as a contingency. On the first day the contingent exercise procedure was used in conjunction with a differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) 30-sec schedule. Thereafter the contingent exercise was used alone. The ruminative behavior appeared to be under the control of the contingency and remained at essentially a zero rate during the 4 month extended observation period as well as throughout the 6 month follow-up. PMID- 7130410 TI - Reinforcement procedure in the treatment of reluctant speech. AB - The efficacy of a positive reinforcement contingency procedure was evaluated in the treatment of a 6-year old boy with reluctant speech. The intervention was conducted in the kindergarten classroom and the teacher served as therapist. Using an ABABB' single case experimental design, positive reinforcement was found to be effective for increasing the child's verbal responsiveness. At a 1-year follow-up, therapeutic benefits were maintained at an optimal level. The present results bring support to the use of reinforcement procedures in the case of reluctant speech. PMID- 7130412 TI - Behavioral treatment of high-rate aggression in a rubella child. AB - In the present study, a 12-yr-old rubella child exhibiting high rates of aggression was treated through a combination of differential reinforcement and time-out procedures in a residential school program. Following a baseline phase in which differential reinforcement for non-aggression was in effect, the reinforcement method was combined sequentially with three types of response contingent time-out which varied in the degree of social isolation provided. While acts of aggression decreased from an average of 7 occurrences per day during baseline to 3 per day under the first two treatment conditions, the behavior was rapidly eliminated following application of isolation time-out with effects maintained 7 months post-treatment. PMID- 7130413 TI - Application of a work penalty threat in the treatment of a case of juvenile fire setting. AB - The treatment of a juvenile fire setter is described. A work penalty was utilized, in which the child was to do 1 hr of hard labor for each incident of fire setting or fire related activity. Immediate and complete suppression of the behavior occurred, with no recurrence at 6 month follow-up. PMID- 7130414 TI - Implosive therapy in the treatment of combat related fears in a world war II veteran. AB - A 55-year old veteran with combat related fears of 36 years' duration was successfully treated in three sessions of implosive therapy, each lasting approximately 1 hr. This improvement followed 15 hospitalizations over the preceding 30 month period, and previous unsuccessful treatment efforts including prescription of antabuse, an inpatient alcohol treatment program, and an agoraphobia treatment program conducted on an outpatient basis. Treatment gains were maintained over a 2 year follow-up period. PMID- 7130415 TI - Paradoxical intention in the treatment of obsessional flatulence ruminations. AB - A case study of the paradoxical treatment of long standing obsessional ruminations about flatulence in a 33-year old female respiratory therapist is described. Self-reported estimates of the frequency and intensity of flatulence were unaffected by a misconception correction procedure that entailed the presentation of scientific data disconfirming the bases of her concerns. Paradoxical instructions to intensify flatus emissions were then employed. These instructions resulted in a rapid elimination of the obsessional ruminations; this improvement was enhanced at 1 yr follow-up. PMID- 7130416 TI - Morphometrical analysis of urothelial cells in voided urine of patients with low grade and high grade bladder tumours. AB - The morphometric differences between the urothelial cells (wet-fixed Papanicolaoustained) in the voided urine of 2 patients with low grade and high grade bladder tumours were measured. The morphometrical data of this learning set resulted in a cytomorphometrical classification rule, which was applied to a test set of 21 cases with low grade and high grade bladder tumours. The results of the cytomorphometrical classification rule correspond very well with the histomorphometrical classification and the histological grade of the parent tumours. The results indicate that it is feasible to classify bladder tumours using the cytomorphometrical data of the exfoliated urothelial cells alone. PMID- 7130419 TI - Micronodular adrenal disease: a light and electron microscopic study. AB - A case of Cushing's syndrome due to micronodular adrenal disease in a 17-year-old girl is presented. The adrenals showed both black and yellow nodules. Histologically the cells contained lipofuschin and either had a clear cytoplasm or an eosinophilic cytoplasm with a prominent nucleus. Lymphocytes were a prominent feature. No cells of the zona reticularis were identified. The cell of origin of these nodules appeared to be from the inner layer of the zona fasciculata. We postulate that the disease is caused by an abnormality in the migration and ultimate destruction of cells from the zona fasciculata to the zona reticularis with a build up of cells at the interface zone. PMID- 7130417 TI - A quantitative study of alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase-positive cells in non Hodgkin's lymphomas and reactive lymph nodes. AB - The numbers of alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE)-containing cells (other than T lymphocytes) in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) and reactive lymph nodes have been counted, using the Reichert-Jung (Kontron) MOP-AMO3 user-controlled image analyzer. Twenty specimens of NHL and ten reactive nodes were examined. Cells were demonstrated by their content of acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) in fixed frozen sections. It was found that lymphomas of high-grade malignancy contained much larger numbers of ANAE-positive cells (10.8-20.5%) than those of low-grade malignancy (1.4-4.1%). The number of ANAE-positive cells (1.4 3.2%) in reactive lymph nodes was similar to that in low-grade NHL nodes. PMID- 7130418 TI - Unusual subcutaneous mixed tumour exhibiting adipose, fibroblastic, and epithelial components. AB - A subcutaneous mass in the left supraclavicular fossa of a 55-year-old woman proved on histological examination to be composed of islands of squamous cells embedded in bands of spindle cells and associated with mature adipose tissue. Electron microscopy showed that the spindle cells were fibroblastic in nature and not squamous cells showing spindle differentiation. There was also a minor lymphangiomatous component and sparse infiltrates of lymphoid cells. The lesion bore certain similarities to thymolipoma except that the presence of spindle cells and the site were atypical. While it may be speculated that the tumour was thymolipoma occurring in an ectopic cervical thymus the lesion is provisionally regarded as an unusual mixed tumour featuring mesenchymal and epithelial components. PMID- 7130420 TI - Guidelines for the evaluation of instruments used in haematology laboratories. PMID- 7130421 TI - Assessment of a radioisotopic assay for vitamin B12 using an intrinsic factor preparation with R proteins blocked by vitamin B12 analogues. AB - A competitive protein binding radioassay kit for serum vitamin B(12) has been assessed. Precision, linearity, sensitivity, and specificity have been found to be satisfactory. Falsely-normal assay results in patients with vitamin B(12) deficiency have not been observed. PMID- 7130423 TI - Detection of antibodies to tetanus toxoid: comparison of a direct haemagglutination method with a radioimmunoassay. AB - Two methods of detecting antibodies to tetanus toxoid were compared, a radioimmunoassay (RIA) employing radiolabelled staphylococcal protein A and a direct haemagglutination (HA) method employing sheep erythrocytes coupled to tetanus toxoid with chromic chloride. These were shown to have a similarly high specificity with the HA method showing slightly higher sensitivity. Haemagglutination offers several additional advantages in terms of simplicity, low cost and less requirement for specialised equipment. The assays were also used to demonstrate a transient IgM response after repeated booster injections with absorbed toxin given to seropositive individuals, and these antibodies were found to be protective in biological tests. PMID- 7130422 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of specific IgA antibodies to mumps virus. AB - A sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is described for detection of IgA antibodies to mumps virus. Specific mumps IgA antibodies could be demonstrated in 10 patients with mumps virus infections. No specific mumps IgA antibodies (titres <1/40) were detected by ELISA in 46 control sera (healthy adults; hospitalised patients with various other diseases). The potential application of the ELISA mumps IgA technique in serodiagnosis of mumps infections is discussed. PMID- 7130424 TI - Histological criteria for childhood coeliac disease. PMID- 7130425 TI - Accuracy of morphological diagnosis of lung cancer in a department of respiratory medicine. PMID- 7130426 TI - Furosemide vasodilates the canine gastrointestinal tract. AB - The ability of furosemide to induce vasodilation in the canine gastrointestinal system was studied by quantitative flowmetry. Blood flow and conductance increased maximally by 60 per cent in the stomach and duodenum and by 80 per cent in the small and large intestine. Vasodilation was evident at 2.4 mg/kg furosemide and higher. The onset of vasodilation occurred at 24 to 30 seconds and was maximal at 36 seconds in the stomach, at 66 seconds in the duodenum, at 78 to 84 seconds in the small intestine, and at 90 seconds in the large intestine. Hepatic arterial, splenic, and renal blood flows were unchanged. Simultaneous arteriovenous sampling from the small intestine indicated that the increased blood flow was not associated with increased O2 consumption. However, CO2 addition to the venous effluent decreased by 70 per cent. These data indicate that furosemide has a vasodilatory action on the gastrointestinal tract due either to a delayed effect on the vascular smooth muscle cell or on anaerobic bowel wall metabolism. The CO2 data are compatible with, but do not prove, stimulation of secretion of HCO3- by the intestinal mucosa. PMID- 7130427 TI - Loxapine succinate as initial treatment of hostile and aggressive schizophrenic criminal offenders. AB - The efficacy and safety of loxapine were evaluated in 18 acutely ill schizophrenic criminal offenders in the Essex County Jail. The offender patients were treated for three days with intramuscular loxapine (25 mg three or four times a day), followed by seven days of oral concentrate (up to 150 mg/day in three or four divided doses). Psychiatric status was determined with the Brief Psychiatric Rating and the Clinical Global impression scales at the time of admission, after 8, 24, 48, and 72 hours, amd on days 7 and 10 of medication. Three patients did not complete treatment: one was released on bail after 24 hours of therapy, and the other two had adverse reactions (tongue swelling and muscle spasms, each in one patient) which required cessation of treatment. Statistically significant improvement in both rating scale results was evident as early as 8 hours after treatment began. By day 10, all Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale items and factors and the Clinical Global impression results were statistically improved over baseline measurements. At the end of the study, 87 per cent (13/15) of the patients were well enough to cooperate with their attorneys and understand the procedures of the court. Adverse effects (generally extrapyramidal) appeared in four of 18 patients during parenteral administration and in two of 15 patients during oral therapy. PMID- 7130429 TI - Pharmacokinetics of amikacin and cephalothin in bedridden elderly patients. AB - The pharmacokinetics of amikacin (5.5 mg/kg intramuscularly) and cephalothin (1000 mg/body intravenously) in bedridden elderly patients were studied in comparison with those in healthy volunteers. The eliminations of amikacin and cephalothin from the plasma followed the course of a one-compartment open model. For amikacin, five healthy volunteers, elimination rate constant Kel was 0.396 hr 1, biologic half-life t1/2 was 1.80 hour, volume of distribution Vd was 0.201 l./kg; in five bedridden elderly patients, Kel was 0.208 hr-1, t1/2 was 3.55 hours, Vd was 0.376 l./kg. Cumulative renal excretion of amikacin in 8 hours was 44 per cent of the total dose in bedridden elderly patients and 69 per cent in healthy volunteers. For cephalothin, in seven healthy volunteers, Kel was 0.0353 min-1, t1/2 was 19.7 min, Vd was 0.176 l./kg; in four bedridden elderly patients, Kel was 0.0127 min-1, t1/2 was 56.4 min, Vd was 0.283 l./kg. Cumulative renal excretion of cephalothin reached a plateau by 4 hours of 40.8 per cent of the total dose in bedridden elderly patients and of 56.7 per cent in healthy volunteers. These results suggest that in bedridden elderly patients decreased renal excretion of amikacin and cephalothin is related to decreased renal function and an increased Vd. PMID- 7130428 TI - Racial background and lidocaine pharmacokinetics. AB - The pharmacokinetics of lidocaine were investigated in 17 healthy young adult volunteers seven Caucasians, five Orientals, and five Blacks). With the assumption of a one-compartment open model and linear pharmacokinetics, analysis of the data determined that there were no significant differences in the volume of distribution, clearance, elimination half-life, and serum protein binding of lidocaine among these racial groups. Our finding that lidocaine clearance and protein binding are not significantly different in young adult Caucasians and Orientals is consistent with our previous hypothesis that drugs metabolized in the body by N-dealkylation (lidocaine and diphenhydramine) area cleared at similar rates in young adult Caucasians and Orientals when protein binding is taken into account. PMID- 7130430 TI - Effect of micronization on the bioavailability and pharmacologic activity of spironolactone. AB - The bioavailability and pharmacologic activity of tablets containing micronized spironolactone chemical (median particle size 2.21 micrometers) were compared to those of tablets made from standard spironolactone chemical (median particle size 78.8 micrometers) in healthy men. Apart from particle size, all features of these tablets were identical. After 200-mg single doses, the bioavailability of micronized tablets was significantly higher than that of standard tablets. Furthermore, as assessed by 24-hour urine log10 10 Na/K ratio, the pharmacologic activity of micronized spironolactone was significantly greater than that of the standard formulation. The significant influence on renal antimineralocorticoid activity of raised plasma and urinary levels of canrenone, quantitatively the major active metabolite of spironolactone in man, emphasizes the clinical importance of the bioavailability of spironolactone preparations. Since this study, the process used in the manufacture of spironolactone (Aldactone) tablets has been under review. PMID- 7130433 TI - Enzyme studies in tardive dyskinesia. II. Familial aspects. AB - Two peripheral enzymes, dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) and monoamine oxidase (MAO), have previously been found to be altered in patients with tardive dyskinesia (TD). In order to examine whether these changes relate to the inherited component of enzyme activity or environmental factors, we assayed DBH and MAO activities in families of six TD probands and six matched non-TD probands. Five of six TD probands had DBH activity at least 50% greater than that of the family mean, whereas two of six non-TD probands had the same trend. No deviation from family means was suggested for MAO activity in the TD group. A study of chronic schizophrenic quadruplets with a history of prolonged neuroleptic treatment showed that only one quadruplet had TD. This quadruplet had plasma DBH activity four standard deviations above the means for her three siblings and three other family members. Our data do not support inheritance of predisposition to develop TD. The enzymatic alterations in TD patients do not seem to have been determined genetically, but they are probably a result of abnormal biochemical effects of prolonged neuroleptic treatment in those patients. PMID- 7130432 TI - Enzyme studies in tardive dyskinesia. I. One-year biochemical follow-up. AB - Over a 1-year period we followed 12 female in-patients with and 13 without persistent tardive dyskinesia. Clinical signs of tardive dyskinesia as well as plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase and platelet monoamine oxidase activities remained stable over time in spite of medication changes. Tardive dyskinesia was associated with higher plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase and lower monoamine oxidase activities, both initially and at follow-up. In two patients, an apparent elevation in dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity preceded the onset of clinical dyskinesia, suggesting that elevated plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity might be a potential risk marker for the development of tardive dyskinesia. PMID- 7130434 TI - Dopamine receptors: a classification. PMID- 7130431 TI - Feprazone: absence of hemolytic effects in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient subjects. AB - Some drugs, including nonsteroidal antiinflammatory compounds, can be hemolytic in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient patients. We have studied the potential hemolytic activity of feprazone, a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory compound in vitro and in vivo. Agents that may be hemolytic for glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient erythrocytes will stimulate the hexose monophosphate shunt in normal erythrocytes. Eleven normal subjects were treated with feprazone and their erythrocytes were incubated in their own sera (containing active feprazone metabolites) and [1-14C]-glucose. Because no statistically significant increase in 14CO2 evolution was observed, 15 pediatric male patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency who required antiinflammatory treatment were treated with feprazone. No hemolytic crises and no statistically significant changes of hematologic tests were observed. PMID- 7130435 TI - Abnormal involuntary movements in schizophrenia: are they related to the disease process or its treatment? Are they associated with changes in dopamine receptors? AB - Abnormal involuntary movements indistinguishable from those now described as tardive dyskinesia were reported in schizophrenic patients by Kraepelin long before the introduction of neuroleptic drugs. Two large surveys of mental hospital patients including patients who had never received neuroleptics also revealed involuntary movements; indeed, the incidence was not substantially different from that in drug-treated patients. This fact casts doubt on the widely held assumption that these movements are persistent and irreversible effects of neuroleptic drugs. In an animal model of dyskinesia, abnormal movements were seen after administration of a phenothiazine and a thioxanthene but not after haloperidol. The syndrome appeared to be unrelated to dopamine receptor blockade or to changes in dopamine receptors. In postmortem striatal tissue from patients with schizophrenia, ligand binding to D-1 and D-2 dopamine receptors was not increased in patients who had been found to have abnormal involuntary movements in comparison with those who did not have such movements; as previously reported, binding to D-2 receptors was increased in patients with schizophrenia in comparison with controls. It is concluded that dyskinetic changes occur as a consequence of the process of schizophrenia and perhaps other diseases. Whether or not persistent and irreversible changes can be caused either in animals or humans by neuroleptic administration has yet to be clearly established. Whether they occur as a manifestation of the disease process or a consequence of drug administration, such dyskinesias are unassociated with changes in D-1 or D-2 receptors. PMID- 7130436 TI - State-related cyclical dyskinesias in manic-depressive illness. AB - Cyclical dyskinesias in two rapidly cycling manic-depressive patients recurred during depression and disappeared during mania. One case is reviewed in detail including findings of a 2-year follow-up. Spinal fluid biochemical data are presented and discussed. The finding of a reversible neurological alteration associated with changes in clinical state is of interest in relationship to the mechanisms underlying tardive dyskinesia and also provides evidence of a biological dysfunction in manic-depressive illness. PMID- 7130437 TI - Value of once daily dosing of diazepam questioned--and defended. PMID- 7130439 TI - Noonan syndrome: speech and language characteristics. PMID- 7130438 TI - Pragmatic functions in aphasia. AB - Pragmatic functions were investigated in the expressive speech of two fluent and four motor aphasics under the conditions of elicited conversation, picture stimulation, and unelicited conversation. The pragmatic behaviors of pragmatic, mathetic, and informative functions were present in the residual speech of subjects regardless of type or severity of aphasia. In this study "pragmatic" was defined as language to satisfy one's own needs, to control and interact; "mathetic" as language to ask for names, to explore the environment, and verbal recall; and "informative" as language that relates experiences not shared by the listener. A clustering of these pragmatic functions for the more severely impaired subjects was evidenced when severity rating was compared to pragmatic analysis. Clinical implications for language elicitation methods are discussed. Additional evidence is presented for supporting performance deficits in aphasia in regard to pragmatic behaviors. PMID- 7130440 TI - Relations between word meanings and identification of words in spoken sentences by hearing-impaired children. AB - To examine effects of contextual words upon the identification of test words in sentences, 21 hearing-impaired children, 7-12 yr of age, received word discrimination training followed by sentence testing. Word-discrimination training was conducted to ensure that children could discriminate the contextual words in isolation. The subsequent sentence testing was the more important phase of the experiment, since it permitted observation of the use of contextual cues to facilitate the identification of the correct test word. The relationship between the contextual words and test words was either congruous, incongruous, or neutral, as predetermined from normative data. After hearing each sentence, children decided whether they had heard the test word or its alternative. The alternative word differed in either the initial or final consonant. Significantly more correct discriminations were made on congruous and neutral sentences than on incongruous sentences. These results indicated that hearing-impaired children used contextual cues to identify the correct alternative. PMID- 7130441 TI - The use of a manual vibrator in the speech therapy program of four school-age mentally retarded children. PMID- 7130442 TI - A comparison of DAF-induced disfluencies with stuttering. PMID- 7130443 TI - Phonological process development with MLU-referenced guidelines. AB - Sixty subjects between the ages of 21 and 48 months were placed into groups based on mean length of utterance (MLU) and chronological age (CA) to test Stampe's hypothesis about the development of phonological processes. The subjects were given the Phonological Process Analysis (Weiner, 1979), and a proportion score for each of sixteen phonological processes was derived for each subject. The use of the various phonological processes across MLU groups and age groups was analyzed by multiple regression correlation, three-way ANOVA, and Tukey's HSD tests. MLU was found to be the best classification for the subjects for describing the phonological processes. The results and discussions present MLU referenced guidelines regarding the emergence, duration, elimination, and universality of the sixteen phonological processes. PMID- 7130444 TI - A study of HMO physicians' receptivity to special programs for sociomedical and behavioral problems. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine HMO physicians' receptivity to special organized programs dealing with sociomedical and behavioral problems. The study population consisted of full-time physicians in a large prepaid group practice HMO, and the data were obtained in 1977 by means of a self-administered structured questionnaire. Most physicians favored special organized services for alcoholism, drug abuse, obesity, disturbances in sexual relations, and the like. Except for alcohol and drug abuse, favoring organized services for one problem did not correlate highly across problem areas. Specialty, AMA membership, and political orientation were the main characteristics that differentiated physicians on their receptivity to organized programs for sociomedical problems. Social background and professional training and experience may be more important than the practice setting in influencing physicians' receptivity to these types of services. PMID- 7130446 TI - Work satisfaction and physical health. AB - This analysis asks how satisfaction with one's main work role (whether that is a paid job or housework) is related to physical health. Data from a Detroit survey show that: (1) Dissatisfied people have poorer health status and take more curative health actions than do satisfied people. The dissatisfied people have higher health risks due to more smoking, drinking, and stress, and they also have health attitudes that encourage symptom perception. Poorer health explains why they take more curative actions; they actually have less faith in the value of medical care and restricted activity and less access to care than do satisfied people. (2) Work satisfaction is more important for nonemployed people than employed ones. Dissatisfied homemakers have especially numerous symptoms and high drug use. And dissatisfied, nonemployed men report a great deal of recent restricted activity and medical care. The data suggest that the homemakers focus on their day-to-day symptoms and try to relieve them by drugs; on the other hand, poor health has forced the men to quit work, and they are very unhappy about the situation. (3) Women (whether they are employed or homemakers) are more sensitive to work satisfaction than are employed men. Apparently employed men adjust better to job stresses and suffer few health consequences, whereas women cannot buffer their dissatisfactions as well. In summary, the Detroit data indicate that work satisfaction is related to good health for both sexes, and that being a dissatisfied homemaker poses especially high risks of poor health. PMID- 7130447 TI - Predicting rural health care utilization with archival data. AB - This study explored the usefulness of archival data in predicting rural health care utilization. A regression model was used to see how well observed utilization for local populations could be predicted by calculating expected values in advance from age- and sex-specific national rates applied to local age and sex profiles. Although the correlation between observed and expected utilization was reasonably high (r = 0.92), an attempt was then made to improve prediction by considering other data that do not require independent collection. These archival data included indicators of historic utilization (local Medicaid payments, the percentage of births to county residents occurring in the mother's county of residence, percentage of children immunized, and infant mortality) and services already available. Observed utilization data were obtained by surveys in eight rural counties, and the predictor was tested on three additional rural communities. A predictor equation that added to the expected utilization only one variable (the percentage of births to county residents occurring in the mother's county of residence) was found to account for approximately 95% of the variance in observed utilization. This predictor is recommended for planners who need convenient, low-cost market feasibility estimates for proposed project sites and a way to establish intermediate goals or incentives during early project development. PMID- 7130445 TI - Psychosocial problems in chronically ill children: physician concern, parent satisfaction, and the validity of medical records. AB - This study concerns the psychosocial aspects of treatment for chronically ill children. The English-speaking parents of 44 children 5-13 years of age being seen at five specialty clinics at a large county hospital in Los Angeles, and their attending physicians, were the subjects in this study. The parents were interviewed concerning their expectations for the current visit, and the doctor patient interaction was tape-recorded. Identical categories of information were abstracted from the tape recording and from a chart review of the patients' medical records. Although parents expected 76% of the psychosocial aspects of care to be covered by the doctor, only one fourth were actually discussed in the visit. These unfulfilled expectations were associated with lower satisfaction with medical care received (r = .47, p less than 0.01). Finally, while doctors recorded about 80% of discussions of symptoms and physical examinations in the patient's medical record, they recorded only 25% of discussion of psychosocial problems. PMID- 7130448 TI - A method for using epidemiologic data to estimate the potential impact of an intervention on the health status of a target population. AB - A general method is proposed for estimating the potential impact of a prevention program involving risk factor modification on the incidence of specific diseases in a target population. An evaluative framework for comparing alternative intervention strategies is also presented. On the basis of results from epidemiologic studies, the user must specify certain parameters regarding the distribution of the risk factor that is to be modified in the population, the magnitude of the association between the risk factor and disease, and the total risk of disease in the population. A quantitative measure, called the potential impact fraction, is derived to estimate the proportion of expected new cases that may be prevented under intervention programs of varying success. Estimates of this measure are then used to assess the potential efficacy, effectiveness, adequacy, and efficiency of planned intervention strategies. The method is illustrated with published data relating relative weight and coronary heart disease among middle-aged U.S. men, comparing different strategies of weight reduction. Key assumptions of the method and interpretation of results are discussed. PMID- 7130449 TI - The contribution of late-generated neurons to the callosal projection in rat: a study with prenatal x-irradiation. AB - Studies utilizing horseradish peroxidase tracing methods have suggested that there are species differences in the relative contribution of the different neocortical layers to the callosal projection. The present investigation utilized x-irradiation at different gestational ages to eliminate the late-generated neurons in the rat neocortex. The caudorostral gradient of reduction in the neuronal population of the supragranular layers is closely correlated with the gradient of reduction in the size of the corpus callosum. Furthermore, the callosal projection is absent in anteroposterior cortical segments in which the development of the supragranular layers was prevented without a reduction of the number of neurons in the infragranular layers of the neocortex. These results indicate that late-generated neurons residing primarily in the supragranular layers are essential for the formation of the corpus callosum. PMID- 7130450 TI - The postnatal development of the substantia nigra: a light and electron microscopy study. AB - The early postnatal development of neurons, dendrites and synaptic connectivity in kitten substantia nigra (SN) was studied by light and electron microscopy. The compact and reticular divisions of the SN are present at birth but boundaries are indistinct. Most nigral neurons stain deeply in routine histological sections and their diameters increase slightly with age. Ultrastructurally, cell bodies are characterized by eccentrically located and often invaginated nuclei surrounded by cytoplasm rich in well-formed organelles. Axosomatic synapses are infrequent and cell surfaces are enveloped by glial processes. Immature dendritic features, including growth cones and filiform processes, are commonly observed during the first 10 days. Gradually the dendritic profiles elongate and thicken and contours become smoother, retaining only scattered spinelike appendages. Clear examples of the three synaptic types described in cat are found in newborn kittens, but immature terminals contain fewer synaptic vesicles and mitochondria. Approximately 90% of synapses present at birth in both nigra subdivisions are Type I, which contain large pleomorphic vesicles and contact dendrites symmetrically. Asymmetrical contacts characterize most of the remaining definable synapses. The postnatal increase in synaptic connectivity, which was estimated from random photographs of pars reticulata neuropil, is twofold during the first 50 days of life. Initially young dendrites are enveloped by glia and then gradually become ensheathed by axon terminals. Synaptogenesis in pars reticulata reflects the postnatal increase of neostriatal inputs to this subdivision and can be correlated with functional changes in strionigral connectivity. PMID- 7130451 TI - The efferent connections of the nucleus of the optic tract and the superior colliculus in the rabbit. AB - 3H-leucine injections were made in tectal and pretectal areas in the rabbit. After injections in the nucleus of the optic tract (NOT) labeled fibers were distributed bilaterally to the superior colliculus, the dorsal part of the medial geniculate nucleus (MGd), and the pulvinar nucleus, and ipsilaterally to the external layer of the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (LGv), the dorsal geniculate nucleus (LGd) pars beta, the reticular thalamic nucleus, and the lateral and medial terminal nucleus (LTN, MTN). Many labeled fibers were distributed to the lateral and some to the medial parts of the pontine nuclei. more caudally, coarse labeled fiber bundles descended ipsilaterally, distributing fibers to the prepositus hypoglossi and abducens nucleus and to the caudally adjoining medial reticular formation. Many labeled fibers were also present in the inferior olive, especially ipsilaterally in the dorsal cap and the ventrally adjoining pars beta, and a few in the contralateral dorsal cap area. Contralaterally, some descending fibers terminated in the dorsal part of the facial nucleus, in which motoneurons are located innervating the orbicularis oculi muscle. The superficial layers of superior colliculus distributed fibers bilaterally to the internal layer in the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (LGv), the LGd alpha (lateral part), the MGd, the pulvinar, and more caudally to the ipsilateral parabigeminal and lateral pontine nuclei. The deep collicular layers distributed fibers ipsilaterally to MG (internal division), pulvinar, and the internal layer of LGv. Furthermore, ascending connections were found to the suprageniculate nucleus, the zona incerta, the mediodorsal nucleus, and some intralaminar and midline nuclei. Descending fibers terminated in the mesencephalic lateral tegmentum, pontine nuclei, and ventrally in the pontine and high medullary reticular formation. Contralaterally fibers were distributed to the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis (NRTP), the medial reticular formation, and the inferior olive just lateral to the nucleus beta. In one case fibers were also distributed to the lateral part of the contralateral facial nucleus in which motoneurons are located innervating the upper lip muscles. PMID- 7130452 TI - Organization of nucleus rotundus, a tectofugal thalamic nucleus in turtles. II. Ultrastructural analyses. AB - Nucleus rotundus in a large, tectorecipient nucleus in the dorsal thalamus of the pond turtles Pseudemys scripta and Chrysemys picta. Rotundal neurons form a single, morphologically homogeneous population (Rainey, '79) that projects to the dorsal ventricular ridge in the telencephalon. The present paper examines the morphology of and the distribution of synapses upon rotundal neurons. Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons can be identified in both 1-micrometer sections stained with toluidine blue and electron micrographs of nucleus rotundus. Rotundal neurons contain euchromatic nuclei and the usual complement of mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and free ribosomes in their cytoplasm. They are morphologically homogeneous. Two types of terminal boutons can be defined in rotundus. RA boutons contain round synaptic vesicles and form asymmetric synaptic junctions with rotundal dendrites. FS boutons contain small, flattened or pleomorphic vesicles and form nearly symmetric synaptic junctions with rotundal dendrites and somata. RA boutons occasionally form clusters of contiguous boutons that are presynaptic to one or more thin, central profiles. These profiles are probably the dendritic appendages observed on peripheral dendrites in Golgi material. The distribution of RA and FS boutons along dendrites was investigated by a two-step procedure. First, rotundal neurons were retrogradely solid-filled with horseradish peroxidase reaction product. Dendritic diameters were measured at 20 micrometer intervals along dendritic shafts to produce a plot of dendritic diameter as a function of distance from the soma. Second, the percentage of membrane on dendritic profiles of different diameters that was contacted by RA and FS terminals was determined from electron micrographs. Comparison of the two plots indicates that both bouton types are distributed along the full extent of the dendritic tree, but RA boutons are much more common on the distal two-thirds of rotundal dendrites. This analysis suggests that rotundal neurons form a single population of cells that are morphologically homogeneous and project to the forebrain. There is no indication of interaction between neurons in nucleus rotundus, either via axonal collaterals or presynaptic dendrites. Boutons are distributed on rotundal neurons such that FS boutons are prevalent on the somata and most proximal segments of the dendritic shafts, while RA boutons are most common on the more distal dendritic shafts. RA boutons also contribute to synaptic clusters that may center around complex dendritic appendages. PMID- 7130453 TI - Myelination of S1 dorsal root axons in the cat. AB - Samples of S1 dorsal root nerve fibers from cats of different pre- and postnatal ages were examined electron microscopically with regard to axon caliber and number of myelin lamellae. Each root was examined at four different cross sectional levels. Two levels were situation close to the spinal cord entrance on each side of the peripheral (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS) border. The third and fourth levels were located more distally. The first compact myelin lamella was observed in the CNS part of the root in a 47-day-old fetus. In the 53 day-old fetus the degree of myelination was the same in the CNS as distal in the PNS part of the root. Surprisingly, all axons appeared unmyelinated close to the PNS-CNS border and remained so for a further 10-day period. After this time lag, this part of the root became myelinated and showed a rapid increase in myelin sheath thickness. Calculations of axonal growth, mesaxonal length, and myelin volume indicated a maturation process that progressed discontinuously. Myelination did not proceed in a strict somatofugal direction, but was a regionally differentiated process. The maximal myelin production, expressed as the increase in myelin volume per Schwann cell, was found during the second to fourth postnatal months, i.e., very late in development. PMID- 7130454 TI - Structure of the synaptic membranes in the inner plexiform layer of the retina: a freeze-fracture study in monkeys and rabbits. AB - The internal structure of the synaptic membranes in the inner plexiform layer (IPL) of the retina of monkeys and rabbits was studied with the freeze-fracturing technique. In ribbon synapses, the presynaptic active zone is characterized by an aggregate of P-face particles, images of synaptic vesicle exocytosis, and forming coated vesicles which occupy distinct, contiguous membrane domains from apex to base of the synaptic ridge. The postsynaptic membrane contains a prominent aggregate of homogeneous particles which remain associated with the E-face. In the presynaptic membrane of conventional synapses, images of synaptic vesicle exocytosis are intermingled with large P-face particles, whereas forming coated vesicles surround the active zone. Three types of internal organization characterize the postsynaptic membrane of conventional synapses. Usually, the postsynaptic membrane exhibits the same internal structure as the surrounding nonjunctional plasmalemma. A second, less common type of conventional synapse contains a loose aggregate of heterogeneous particles which remain associated with the P-face. Finally, synapses were exceptionally found which are macular in shape and contain an aggregate of E-free particles within the postsynaptic membrane. The freeze-fracture evidence suggests that the axonal endings of bipolar cells--or at least some of them--make excitatory synapses, whereas the vast majority of amacrine cell dendrites make inhibitory synapses. Additional specializations of the cell surface in the IPL include gap junctions, puncta adhaerentia, subsurface cisterns, and cell corner aggregates. PMID- 7130455 TI - The distribution of axon collaterals from the olfactory bulb and the nucleus of the horizontal limb of the diagonal band to the olfactory cortex, demonstrated by double retrograde labeling techniques. AB - Three different pairs of double retrograde axonal tracers have been used to study the distribution of axon collaterals from individual cells in the olfactory bulb and the nucleus of the horizontal limb of the diagonal band: (1) horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and tritiated apo-HRP (3H-HRP), (2) HRP and 125I-wheat germ agglutinin (I-WGA), and (3) the fluorochromes true blue (TB) and bisbenzimide (BB) or nuclear yellow (NY). With each combination of tracers, paired injections were made into different parts of the olfactory system, and the olfactory bulb and the nucleus of the diagonal band were examined for the presence and arrangement of cells labeled with one or both retrograde tracers. In the olfactory bulb both single and double retrogradely labeled mitral cells were found following injections in disparate parts of the olfactory cortex. Furthermore, no consistent pattern was found in the distribution of single- or double-labeled cells in the olfactory bulb; that is, the distribution of cells labeled from one area of the cortex was not consistently different from the distribution of cells labeled from other parts of the cortex. Therefore, it was concluded that individual mitral cells project to widely spaced parts of the olfactory cortex, and that there is no apparent correspondence between the location of a given cell in the olfactory bulb and the distribution of its axon in the cortex. In contrast to this, cells in the nucleus of the horizontal limb of the diagonal band were only rarely double-labeled from nonoverlapping injections into the olfactory cortex or olfactory bulb, although overlapping injections produced a high proportion of double-labeled cells. Cells which were single-labeled from different injection sites were extensively intermixed within the nucleus. Therefore, in this case it was concluded that individual cells projects to relatively restricted areas, although there was again no apparent correspondence between the position of a cell in the nucleus and the terminal field of its axon. PMID- 7130456 TI - Neuronal addition and retinal expansion during growth of the crucian carp eye. AB - Using standard paraffin technique the addition of new cells in crucian carp retinas was examined. Between eye diameters 4.4 and 10.0 mm the number of ganglion cells increases from 103,000 to 205,000, INL cells from 1.5 to 3 million, comes from 250,000 to 900,000, and rods from 2 to 9 million. Concomitantly retinal area increases fivefold and the cell densities decrease by 37% for the cones, 57% for the INL cells, and 58% for the ganglion cells, while the rod density remains stable. In relation to the rods the cell ratios at different retinal loci undergo marked changes during growth. The contributions to retinal growth by addition of new neurons and by expansion of the retina have been determined for the different retinal layers. The layer of rods grows exclusively by addition of new rod mosaic. In the cone layer 81% of growth is due to addition of new cone mosaic. In the inner nuclear layer (INL) 56% of growth is due to addition of new cells and in the ganglion cell layer 52% is due to cell addition. In each case retinal expansion accounts for the remainder of increase in retinal area. On morphological grounds six cone types can be found in the crucian carp retina. Their ratios are constant during retinal growth and at different retinal loci. PMID- 7130457 TI - Dendritic tree structure and dendritic hypertrophy during growth of the crucian carp eye. AB - The areas of the ganglion cell dendritic trees were determined in Golgi-stained, flatmounted retinas of crucian carp ranging in age from one summer to 7 years. The dendritic trees of small ganglion cells (S-GC), forming the majority of retinal ganglion cells, add new branches as the retina grows. The increase in dendritic tree area exactly compensates for the decrease in ganglion cell density during growth of the eye so that the number of dendritic trees covering a particular point remains constant. While the retinal diameter increases by a factor of 2.5, the mean diameter of the S-GC dendritic fields increases by a factor of 1.9 and the visual angle covered by one S-GC dendritic tree decreases from 1.6 degrees to 1.2 degrees. The number of branching points of the S-GC dendrites is significantly higher in the ventral retina than in the dorsal. In general the dendrites of the S-GCs tend to grow towards the retinal margin. Dendritic orientation patterns of large (LGC) and large displaced (LDGC) ganglion cells closely resemble those of the amacrines, being oriented parallel to the retinal margin over a wide peripheral region, while the SGCs rapidly lose their tangential orientation. The dendrites of the SGCs are restricted mainly to the proximal sublayer of the inner plexiform layer, suggesting they are ON-cells, while LGC, LDGC, and amacrine cell dendrites are distributed in depth bimodally. As determined from Golgi-stained sections the crucian carp has the same basic IPL organization as the carp and cat. PMID- 7130459 TI - Exteroceptive and proprioceptive afferents of the trigeminal and facial motor nuclei in the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos L.). AB - Central pathways converging upon the trigeminofacial motor nuclei of the mallard were studied in order to elucidate neuroanatomically the presumed influence of primary sensory trigeminal afferents upon jaw muscle activity. The techniques used included the Fink-Heimer I method after lesions, and axonal transport labeling following injections of 3H-leucine or of HRP for retrograde identification of the neurons of origin. A general description is given of the trigeminofacial motor complex. Jaw closer muscles are innervated by trigeminal motor neurons, and facial motor neurons innervate the jaw depressor muscles. Two afferents premotor systems, one including the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (MesV) and the other the rhombencephalic reticular formation, are distinguished. The proprioceptive neurons of the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus project upon the ipsilateral trigeminal motor nucleus and upon the nucleus supratrigeminalis. The latter cell group bilaterally projects upon the dorsal and intermediate parts of the facial motor nucleus and upon the dorsal and intermediate parts of the facial motor nucleus and upon part of the trigeminal motor nucleus. Exteroceptive information, relayed through the primary sensory trigeminal column (PrV and nTTD), ultimately reaches the motor nuclei via the reticular formation. The reticular formation forms the final link of three separate circuits: a telencephalic one entered through the principal trigeminal sensory nucleus, a cerebellar one via subnucleus oralis of the descending trigeminal system, and a direct one via subnucleus interpolaris. No direct connections between the principal trigeminal sensory nucleus or subnuclei of the descending trigeminal system and the motor nuclei of the trigeminal (NV) and facial (NVII) nerves have been observed, nor are such direct projections present in the outflow of the presumed telencephalic and cerebellar circuits, viz. of the archistriatum and the central cerebellar nuclei, respectively. The archistriatum projects via the occipitomesencephalic tract upon the lateral rhombencephalic reticular formation as far down as the rostral cervical cord, as well as upon the subnucleus interpolaris of the descending trigeminal system. Similarly, efferents from the central cerebellar nuclei reach the reticular formation, which in turn projects bilaterally upon the motor nuclei. Finally, commissural intermotor connections apparently are mediated by reticular cells surrounding the motor nuclei of NV or NVII, rather than emanating from these nuclei directly. PMID- 7130458 TI - Afferents to the trigeminal and facial motor nuclei in pigeon (Columba livia L.): central connections of jaw motoneurons. AB - Trigeminal and facial motor nuclei innervating the pigeon's jaw muscles were identified using a combination of microstimulation and EMG recording and HRP injections were made iontophoretically. The trigeminal motor nucleus receives an ipsilateral projection from sensory neurons in the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus which forms the afferent limb of the monosynaptic stretch reflex of the jaw-closers. Both the trigeminal and facial motor nuclei receive bilateral projections from interneurons in the intertrigeminal area and the lateral (parvocellular) reticular formation of the pons and medulla. These neurons serve as premotor elements in the control of jaw movements, mediating ascending, descending and internuclear connections. The similarity of inputs to the trigeminal and facial nuclei may reflect their common function as jaw motoneurons in this species. PMID- 7130460 TI - Light and electron microscopy of the photoreceptors in the retina of the red eared slider, Pseudemys scripta elegans. AB - The six different types of photoreceptor in the retina of the turtle Pseudemys scripta elegans have been studied by light and electron microscopy. Fresh whole mount retina, in which the oil droplet colors of the photoreceptors could be seen, was compared with fixed tissue cut in the vertical plane. The red single cone (large red oil droplet) is largest in diameter and, in electron microscopy (EM) views, has the least opaque oil droplet. It also has a vacuolated paraboloid and a cone pedicle that ends at the intermediate level of the outer plexiform layer (OPL). The green single cone (yellow medium-size oil droplet) has a thinner inner segment and uniformly vacuolated paraboloid. Its cone pedicle ends at the same level as that of red cones. The blue cone (small colorless oil droplet) has an obliquely running axon joining cell body to cone pedicle that lies innermost in the OPL. Double cones are recognizable by their adherent cell bodies and inner segments. The accessory member (green cone) lacks an oil droplet but has a distinct large paraboloid while the principal member (red cone) has an oil droplet (orange) lying more distal than oil droplets of other cone types. The axons of the double cones are separated by glia but have closely apposed pedicles ending above those of the single cones in the outermost level of the OPL. Rod photoreceptors have a large outer segment, no oil droplet, and a low-lying cell body continuous with the pedicle, which ends, like those of the double cones, at the outermost level of the OPL. PMID- 7130462 TI - A quantitative study of regenerative sprouting by optic axons in goldfish. PMID- 7130463 TI - A quantitative study of the reinnervation of the goldfish optic tectum following optic nerve crush. AB - Stereological and quantitative morphometric methods were used to study changes in the stratum fibrosum et griseum superficialis (SFGS), the major retinal target, in optic tectum of goldfish, during regeneration of the optic nerve. Orthograde transport of HRP by optic axons was used to characterize the retinal projection in SFGS. Profiles of HRP-labeled optic terminals contained rounded vesicles, contacted small dendrites, and were distributed uniformly throughout the area of SFGS sampled; labeling density estimates indicate that at least 37% of the total terminal population in SFGS is retinal in origin. Partial denervation of the tectum by optic nerve crush is accompanied by a loss of 40% of the total terminal population in SFGS and by a marked decrease of SFGS thickness. Entry of massive numbers of regenerating optic axons into SFGS begins about 3 weeks postoperatively, about the time that some visual function recovers and produces a marked increase in SFGS thickness which persists for several months postoperatively. The area occupied by regenerating axons and the number of terminals in the tectum only approach preoperative levels 3 months postoperatively. The recovery of normal synaptic number is therefore delayed several months beyond the time of entry of regenerative axonal sprouts. The results indicate that return of synaptic number to normal is temporally associated with the reduction of the excess number of regenerating optic axons and that both these processes are prolonged. PMID- 7130461 TI - Parasagittal organization of the olivocerebellar projection in the mouse. AB - The inferior olivocerebellar projection of the normal inbred C57BL/6J mouse was visualized after anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase conjugated to the lectin wheat germ agglutinin (HRP-WGA conjugate). Following injections of HRP WGA conjugate which filled the entire inferior olivary nucleus on one side, olivocerebellar fibers were followed across the midline of the medulla and into the contralateral cerebellar cortex via the inferior cerebellar peduncle. The molecular layer was heavily but nonuniformly labeled in all cortical lobules. Labeled olivocerebellar fibers within the contralateral cerebellar molecular layer were grouped into distinct bands separated by regions of molecular layer containing no labeled fibers. The bands of olivocerebellar terminals in the molecular layer were in turn organized into distinct sets of bands oriented in parasagittal planes. The organizational basis for this banding pattern, previously recognized by other workers in other mammalian and avian species, remains unknown. PMID- 7130464 TI - Target regulation of synaptic number in the compressed retinotectal projection of goldfish. AB - In order to determine the morphological consequences of the formation of a compressed retinotectal projection, the optic neuropil lamina (stratum fibrosum et griseum superficialis, SFGS) was examined in large goldfish 3 months to 4 years after ablation of the caudal half of the tectum both with crush of the optic nerve (HTX) without (HT). In semithin sections, the SFGS, as delineated with orthograde HRP labeling, shows a persistent hypertrophy of about 25% in HTX and HT groups. Comparison of ultrastructural stereological data with similar data on control and regenerated projections to intact tecta (Murray and Edwards, '82) indicated that this hypertrophy can be attributed largely to an increased number of axons and not to increases in terminal or dendritic compartments. A normal number of synaptic terminals per column through SFGS is conserved in HTX and HT groups. Planimetric analysis and observations using orthograde HRP labeling reveal no group differences in size and shape of terminal profiles. The same number of retinal ganglion cells project to a half-tectum as to an intact tectum, as indicated by estimates of ganglion cell number and of the minimum percentage of them which project to the tectum using retrograde HRP labeling. The results suggest that the regenerating and sprouting optic axons participating in the formation of a compressed retinotopic projection compete for a limited accommodation inthe SFGS and that this capacity to accept synaptic input becomes saturated at the control innervation density. The results are consistent with the formation of a smaller than normal number of terminals per optic axon, numerical estimates for which are given. If the percentage of terminals which are optic does not change, then the number of terminals per axon is reduced by about 40%. PMID- 7130465 TI - Influence of neonatal cochlear removal on the development of mouse cochlear nucleus: I. Number, size, and density of its neurons. AB - Right cochleae were aspirated from 6-day-old mice to determine the influence of cochlear integrity on the development of cochlear nucleus (CN). At 45 days of age, cochlear destruction was confirmed histologically, and the CN of unilaterally deafferented and control animals were analyzed morphometrically. The molecular, fusiform, and polymorphic layers of deafferented dorsal CN were reduced in volume, and the polymorphic layer neurons were fewer, smaller, and less dense. The octopus and multipolar cells regions in deafferented ventral CN (VCN) were smaller, and their neurons were fewer, smaller, and more densely packed. The VCN globular and small spherical cell regions were also smaller with fewer, denser, but normal-sized neurons. There were fewer VCN large spherical cells, but no change was measured in their size. The granule cell regions throughout CN were also reduced in volume. Overall, CN was reduced to 46% of its normal size and 34% of its normal neuronal numbers. These results in the mouse show that deafferentation before the onset of hearing causes more severe CN changes than those reported after adult deafferentation in other mammals and support the theory of a critical period in development when presynaptic integrity is much more important for neuronal maturation than it is for maintenance after the neuron is mature. This suggests that any congenital pathology that compromises the sensorineural structures of the cochlea may cause severe structural and functional abnormalities in the maturing central auditory nuclei. PMID- 7130467 TI - Axonal guidance during development of the great cerebral commissures: descriptive and experimental studies, in vivo, on the role of preformed glial pathways. AB - Do structures exist within the embryonic central nervous system that guide axons across the midline during development of the great cerebral commissures (corpus callosum, anterior commissure)? With the use of serial section and reconstructive computer graphic techniques we have found that during normal ontogeny of the mouse forebrain and before the arrival of the pioneer fibers of the corpus callosum at the midline, a population of primitive glial cells migrates medially (through the fused walls of the dorsal septum) from the ependymal zones of each hemisphere. At the midline, and well rostral to the lamina terminalis, these cells unite to form a bridgelike structure or "sling" suspended below the longitudinal cerebral fissure. The first callosal axons grow along the surface of this cellular bridge as they travel toward the contralateral side of the brain. The "sling" disappears neonatally. The fibers of the anterior commissure grow within the lamina terminalis along a different type of preformed glial structure. Movement of these axons occurs through an aligned system of glial processes separated by wide extracellular spaces. Do these transient glial tissues actually provide guidance cues to the commissural axons? Analyses of three situations in which the glial "sling" is genetically or surgically impaired or nonexistent indicate that this structure does, indeed, play an essential role in the development of the corpus callosum. We have analyzed (1) the embryonic stages of a congenitally acallosal mouse mutant (strain BALB/cCF), (2) several pouch stages of a primitive acallosal marsupial, Didelphys virginiana (opossum), and (3) animals in which the "sling" had been lesioned surgically through the uterine wall in the normal embryo (strain C57BL/6J). In the acallosal mouse mutant fusion of the septal midline is delayed by about 72 hours and the "sling" does not form. Although the would-be callosal axons approach the midline on schedule, they do not cross. Instead, the callosal fibers whirl into a pair of large neuromas adjacent to the longitudinal fissure. Similarly, in the opossum, fusion of the medial septal walls and formation of the glial "sling" are also lacking. However, in this species, instead of traveling dorsally, the "callosal" axons turn ventrally and pass contralaterally by way of the anterior commissure pathway. Surgical disunion of the glial "sling" also resulted in acallosal individuals. The callosal pathology in these affected animals mimicked exactly that of the genetically lesioned mutant. Our observations suggest that many different types of oriented glial tissues exist within the embryonic neural anlage. We propose that such tissues have the ability to influence the directionality of axonal movements and, thereby, play a crucial role in establishing orderly fiber projections within the developing central nervous system. PMID- 7130466 TI - Influence of neonatal cochlear removal on the development of mouse cochlear nucleus: II. Dendritic morphometry of its neurons. AB - Right cochleae were aspirated from 6-day-old mice to determine the influence of cochlear integrity on the dendritic development of neurons within cochlear nucleus (CN). At 45 days of age, cochlear destruction was confirmed histologically and the brains were stained by the Golgi-Cox method to permit dendritic morphometry in CN ipsilateral (deafferented) and contralateral (normal) to the neonatally lesioned cochleae. The dendritic field cross-sectional area of ventral CN bushy cells was reduced on the deafferented side, as was the total dendritic length of stellate cells throughout ventral and dorsal CN. The neonatal deafferentation had no statistically significant effect on the total dendritic length of those dorsal CN fusiform cells that developed. These dendritic changes are interpreted as lack of development due to the loss of auditory nerve afferents during a critical period of development and indicate that any congenital pathology that compromises the cochlear sensorineural structures may lead to central auditory abnormalities as well. PMID- 7130468 TI - The reticulocerebellar projection to the pyramis copula pyramidis in the rat: an experimental study using retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. AB - The organization of the lateral reticulocerebellar projection to the pyramis and copula pyramidis in the rat was studied with the use of microinjections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). These injections were made in different mediolateral positions along the width of this lobule. The objective was to determine whether reticulocerebellar parasagittal zones (Chan-Palay et al., '77) receive differential inputs from the lateral reticular nucleus (LRN). This material has previously been used to analyze the olivo and pontocerebellar projection to this same cortical region of the rat cerebellum (Eisenman, '81a,b). The results do not support a clear-cut topographic organization in this projection system to the pyramis and copula pyramidis in the rat. There is some suggestion, however, of a difference in emphasis in the region of the LRN projecting to different mediolateral positions in this lobule. Injections in medial and lateral parts of this lobule result in the labeling of cells in the subtrigeminal and ventral parts of the parvicellular and magnocellular divisions. Injections in intermediate parts of this lobule result in the labeling of cells primarily in the subtrigeminal division. However, cells in each of the divisions (primarily the subtrigeminal and parvicellular) are labeled in each experiment. These results are discussed with reference to electrophysiological and other anatomical studies of the topography of the reticulocerebellar projection in the cat. PMID- 7130471 TI - Synapse-to-neuron ratios in the visual cortex of adult rats undernourished from about birth until 100 days of age. AB - Male rats undernourished from the 18th day of gestation until 100 days of age were nutritionally rehabilitated until 200 days of age. Six control and six experimental rats at each of 100 and 200 days of age were killed by perfusion with buffered 2.5% glutaraldehyde. Pieces of visual cortex from each rat were postfixed in osmium tetroxide and embedded in resin. Stereological procedures at the light and electron microscopy levels were used to estimate the synapse-to neuron ratios in cortical layers II to IV. Rats undernourished until 100 days of age had a mean +/- S.E. of 10,350 +/- 470 synapses associated with each neuron. This represented a 13% deficit (P less than 0.05) when compared to the control value of 11,950 +/- 530. Following nutritional rehabilitation till 200 days of age it was found that the previously undernourished rats had about 23% more (P less than 0.05) synapses-per-neuron than their age-matched controls. This was due almost entirely to a substantial increase in the ratio in the previously undernourished animals; the value of controls did not alter significantly between the two age groups. It appears that the deficit in the synapse-to-neuron ratio seen after a lengthy period of undernutrition is not permanent, at least in rats subsequently allowed nutritional rehabilitation. In fact, such animals seem to be capable of not only "catching-up" but "overshooting" the values found in age matched controls. PMID- 7130470 TI - A wide field electron microscopic analysis of the fiber constituents of the major splanchnic nerve in cat. AB - The fiber composition of the left major splanchnic nerve was studied in cats by electron microscopy. Comparisons were made between normal and partially degenerated nerve specimens following ventral rhizotomy (T3-L1), or spinal nerve division (T3-L1). Normal, major splanchnic nerves contained 2,500-4,000 myelinated and 10,000-15,000 unmyelinated fibers. Preganglionic fibers included approximately 90% of the finely myelinated (1-7 micrometers) and over 50% of the unmyelinated fibers. Removal of the sensory and preganglionic components by spinal nerve division revealed a third postganglionic fiber category. This included 13-38 small myelinated (1-5 micrometers) and 1,645-7,619 unmyelinated fibers. Finally, a comparison of normal and partially degenerated nerve specimens of both groups (ventral rhizotomy and spinal nerve cut) indicated that splanchnic afferents are made up of virtually all of the 120-350 large myelinated (8-14 micrometers) and 10% of the small myelinated (1-7 micrometers) fibers. A preliminary estimate indicated that about 10-20% of the unmyelinated fibers were sensory. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 7130469 TI - Retinofugal pathways in juvenile and adult channel catfish, Ictalurus (Ameiurus) punctatus: an HRP and autoradiographic study. AB - The retinal projections of the juvenile and adult channel catfish, Ictalurus (Ameiurus) punctatus, were studied by using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and autoradiography. The contralateral optic tract sends fibers to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and divides into lateral (LOT) and medial optic tracts (MOT). In the adult fish, the former is thicker than the latter, whereas in the juvenile form, the reverse is true. The MOT curves laterally and divides into eight to 15 medial fascicles of the optic tract (MFOT). The contralateral optic fibers project to the nucleus opticus dorsolateralis, nucleus of the posterior commissure, nucleus geniculatus lateralis, pretectal nuclear complex, nucleus corticalis, stratum fibrosum et griseum superficiale (SFGS), and a few optic fibers extend into the stratum griseum centrale. The tractus opticus accessorius arises from the posterodorsal margin of the LOT and extends ventromedially to project to the nucleus opticus accessorius. At the optic chiasm a few fibers do not decussate, and these fibers project to almost all ipsilateral sites similar to those of the contralateral side, including the optic tectum. The autoradiographic observations substantiated the analysis of optic fiber projections provided by the HRP technique. PMID- 7130472 TI - Organization and development of brain stem auditory nuclei in the chick: ontogeny of postsynaptic responses. AB - The onset of responsiveness to eighth nerve stimulation was examined in n. magnocellularis and n. laminaris, (second- and third-order neurons) of the chick brainstem auditory system. Extracellular microelectrode mapping techniques were used to examine postsynaptic responses in in vitro brainstem preparations. Two specific questions were addressed. First, what is the earliest time at which postsynaptic action potentials can be evoked in n. magnocellularis and n. laminaris by eighth nerve stimulation? Second, does responsiveness to eighth nerve stimulation develop along a spatial gradient in n. magnocellularis and, if so, how does this gradient compare with other developmental events observed in the chick auditory system? Postsynaptic responses in n. magnocellularis were first recorded at 11 days of incubation. Nucleus laminaris responses to direct stimulation of n. magnocellularis were also first recorded at 11 days, although n. laminaris responses to eight nerve stimulation were not seen until 12 days of incubation. A gradient of response development within n. magnocellularis was indicated by mapping of responsive sites on days 11-13. At 11 days, responses to eighth nerve stimulation were restricted to the most anteromedial portion of n. magnocellularis. Between 11 and 13 days, cells in increasingly more posterolateral portions of n. magnocellularis became responsive. This anteromedial-to-posterolateral gradient in n. magnocellularis is correlated with the basal-to-apical gradient of morphogenesis observed in the basilar papilla and morphogenetic gradients previously observed in n. magnocellularis and n. laminaris. PMID- 7130474 TI - Second somatic sensory area in the cerebral cortex of cats: somatotopic organization and cytoarchitecture. AB - The cortex of the anterior ectosylvian gyrus and adjoining ectosylvian and suprasylvian sulci was explored with tungsten microelectrodes to determine the distribution of responses to light cutaneous stimulation in barbiturate anesthetized cats. Recordings were spaced between 125 and 250 micrometers and, in several cases, nearly all of the somatic areas in this cortex were explored in the same brain. Four somatic sensory areas were identified on the basis of responses properties, sequences of receptive fields, and cytoarchitecture. The largest area, which occupied the rostral and medial two-thirds to three-fourths of the exposed, relatively flat portion of the anterior ectosylvian gyrus, was called the second somatic sensory area (SII). Receptive fields in SII were primarily from the contralateral side of the body; they were well defined and somatotopically organized into an erect representation of the body. The top of the head was located next to a similar representation of the periphery in a portion of the first somatic sensory area (SI). Individual distal digits and toes occupied discrete components of the SII map. Another representation for the distal forelimb and hindlimb was noted medially along the lateral bank of the anterior suprasylvian sulcus. Receptive fields and response properties in this region were equivalent to those seen in SII proper. However, only a crude anteroposterior, fore- to hindlimb topographical organization was noted, but with more distal parts of the limbs generally located closer to the fundus of the sulcus in this medial representation. As the cytoarchitecture in this medial region was similar to the rest of SII it was considered a medial subdivision of SII. A third, topographically organized zone was located lateral to SII largely within the upper bank of the anterior ectosylvian sulcus and adjoining lateral crest of the anterior ectosylvian gyrus. Large, stockinglike, contralateral receptive fields were common; ipsilateral components to the receptive fields were present. Some individual digit receptive fields were located in the rostral part of the forelimb zone within the anterior ectosylvian sulcus. This lateral somatic area is probably equivalent to a fourth somatic sensory area (SIV) recently identified by Clemo and Stein ('82). Posterior to the hindlimb zones of SII and medial to SIV was another region that responded to cutaneous plus auditory stimulation. There was no detectable topography in this area; nearly all of the receptive fields were large, frequently bilateral, and often involved the whole body or all four extremities. This area's cytoarchitecture was comparable to previous descriptions of the suprasylvian fringe (Rose, '49). The location and physiology of these four areas were discussed in reference to previous controversies regarding the topography of the body representation in SII and the location of an acallosal zone in this region of cortex. PMID- 7130473 TI - Projections of the dorsal lateral geniculate and lateral posterior nuclei to visual cortex in the rabbit. AB - The origin and terminations of thalamic inputs to the striate cortex and the occipital cortex of the rabbit were studied using both anterograde autoradiographic techniques and retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). After injections of [3H]-leucine into the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (DLGN) the transport of radiolabeled material was demonstrated in separate loci in both the striate and the occipital cortex. In both these cortical areas, the principal site of geniculocortical termination was in lamina IV with some diminished input spreading into laminae II-III and a light termination in layer I overlying the lamina IV termination. Layer VI of striate cortex received a substantial projection from DLGN while infragranular laminae of occipital cortex received a similar although lighter and more diffuse projection. The lateral posterior nucleus (LPN) was similarly demonstrated to project to both striate and occipital cortices, the projection terminating principally in lamina IV of occipital cortex, lamina V of striate cortex, and layer I over a large, continuous area of the posterior pole of the cortex. Moreover, a projection from LPN to the retrosplenial cortex medial to the striate area was consistently seen. The autoradiographic demonstration of a projection from DLGN and LPN to both striate cortex and occipital cortex was corroborated by the retrograde studies. Following the injection of HRP into either the striate or occipital cortex, columns of retrogradely filled somata were identified in both the DLGN and LPN. The location of the column of labeled neurons within each nucleus varied predictably with the location of the injection in either the striate or the occipital cortex. PMID- 7130475 TI - The medial accessory nucleus of Bechterew: a cell group within the anatomical limits of the rostral oculomotor complex receives a direct prefrontal projection in the monkey. AB - The medial accessory nucleus of Bechterew, a vertically oriented cell group in the rostral lateral oculomotor nucleus (OMN), contiguous dorsally with the nucleus of Darkschewitsch (ND) and ventrally with the parvocellular red nucleus, is separated from the interstitial nucleus of Cajal (IC) by a small paraoculomotor fascicle (POF) that forms the anatomical limits of the OMN. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) gel implants in the prearcuate frontal cortex dorsal to the caudal third of the principal sulcus in the monkey resulted in an anterogradely labeled bilateral projection to this paraoculomotor cell group. The functional role of this largely overlooked nucleus is yet to be determined. However, the failure to retrogradely label following HRP injections involving both the extraocular muscles and ciliary ganglion suggests that it cannot be classified as belonging to either the somatic or the visceral cell column at the present time. We suggest that, like IC and ND, it probably contributes to the POF of the medial longitudinal fasciculus and may be involved in internuclear connections. There is little doubt that it has been involved inadvertently in studies of oculomotor connections. PMID- 7130476 TI - Brainstem afferents to the thalamus in a lizard, Varanus exanthematicus. AB - HRP was injected into various thalamic nuclei in order to investigate the brainstem projections to the thalamus in the lizard Varanus exanthematicus. Nucleus dorsomedialis receives afferents from the septal area, nucleus entopeduncularis anterior, nucleus periventricularis hypothalami, area triangularis, nucleus raphes superior, nucleus reticularis inferior, and locus coeruleus. Nucleus dorsolateralis receives afferents from septal area, nucleus dorsomedialis, nucleus entopeduncularis anterior, nucleus periventricularis hypothalami, and the torus semicircularis. Nucleus rotundus receives an input from the tectum mesencephali, the pretectal area, and from the mesencephalic reticular formation. Nucleus intermedius dorsalis receives afferents from the dorsal column nuclei and nucleus periventricularis hypothalami. Nucleus ventrolateralis receives afferents from the dorsal column nuclei, the trigeminal complex, locus coeruleus, and the reticular formation. Nucleus ventromedialis also receives afferents from the trigeminal complex and the reticular formation. Afferents to the habenula have been demonstrated from the septal area, nucleus entopeduncularis anterior, triangular area, nucleus periventricularis hypothalami, nucleus interpeduncularis, nucleus raphes superior, locus coeruleus, nucleus isthmi, nucleus dorsalis motorius nervi vagi, and the mesencephalic tegmentum. The laminar part of the torus semicicularis projects to nucleus medialis. PMID- 7130477 TI - Convergence of autonomic and limbic connections in the insular cortex of the rat. AB - The connections of the insular cortex in the rat were studied by using the anterograde and retrograde transport of wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase. Both anterograde and retrograde transport were seen in the ipsilateral lateral frontal, infralimbic, piriform, and perirhinal cortical areas and in the contralateral insular cortex. In the thalamus, both types of labeling were seen in the mediodorsal and ventroposteromedial parvocellular nuclei; primarily retrograde labeling was seen in the centromedial and paracentral nuclei. In the basal forebrain, anterograde labeling was seen in the lateral part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and in the central nucleus of the amygdala, while retrogradely labeled neurons were found in the magnocellular basal nucleus and in the lateral and the basolateral amygdaloid nuclei. Both types of labeling were seen in the posterior lateral hypothalamic area; the tuberomammillary nucleus contained retrogradely labeled neurons bilaterally. In the midbrain, retrogradely labeled neurons were found in the ventral tegmental area and in the dorsal and superior central raphe nuclei. In the pons, both retrogradely and anterogradely transported label was seen bilaterally in the parabrachial nucleus, primarily in the ventromedial caudal part of the medial subnucleus. Retrogradely labeled neurons were found bilaterally in the locus coeruleus. Anterograde transport was followed into the medulla, bilaterally but more heavily in the contralateral side. Labeled axons appeared to terminate in a topographic pattern in the nucleus of the solitary tract. These results indicate that the insular cortex of the rat is an important part of the highly interconnected central autonomic system. Furthermore, the autonomic representation in the insular cortex may be organized in a viscerotopic manner. The insular cortex also has connections with the limbic system and with the lateral frontal cortical system. Although it is not yet clear whether these connections converge upon the same neurons within the insular cortex, earlier physiological data suggest that each of the diverse systems of connections of this area receives relayed vagal inputs. The insular cortex of the rat may contain a primary cortical visceral representation, and its connections may underlie autonomic integration with behavioral and emotional events. PMID- 7130478 TI - Cell death of motoneurons in the chick embryo spinal cord. VI. Reduction of naturally occurring cell death in the thoracolumbar column of Terni by nerve growth factor. AB - A discrete preganglionic cell column (column of Terni, CT) in the caudal thoracolumbar (segments 21-23) spinal cord is first discernible in a avian embryos on day 8 when it contains approximately 9,300 visceral motoneurons. By day 10 there are about 6,900 motoneurons in the thoracolumbar (sympathetic) CT and this number remains constant until at least day 15. Daily injections of nerve growth factor (NGF) (1-20 micrograms) on the chorioallantoic membrane from day 3 to day 9 produced a dose-dependent increase in both the volume of the caudal thoracolumbar sympathetic ganglia and the number of motoneurons in the corresponding CT on day 10. The number and size of the neurons in the paravertebral sympathetic ganglia was also increased by NGF. Nerve growth factor decreased the number of pyknotic (dying) neurons in both the thoracolumbar sympathetic ganglia and the corresponding CT on days 8 and 10. The increased number of neurons in both the thoracolumbar sympathetic ganglia and the corresponding CT following chronic administration of NGF is the result of decreased cell death. The highest dose of NGF reduced naturally occurring cell death in the thoracolumbar CT by more than 60%. Daily injections of cytochrome C (20 micrograms) from day 3 to day 9 had no effect on either the volume of the sympathetic ganglia or the number of motoneurons in the Ct on day 10. Daily injections of NGF (10-20 micrograms) from day 10 until day 14 increased the volume of (and the number of neurons in) the caudal thoracic sympathetic ganglia on day 15 but no effect on the number of motoneurons in the corresponding CT. Nerve growth factor also had no effect on the number of motoneurons in either the somatic lateral motor column, the sacral (parasympathetic) CT, or the "abortive" visceral efferent column at the cervical level. Daily administration of NGF produced a similar increase in the volume of the dorsal root ganglia at the cervical, thoracic, and sacral levels. The reduction of cell death in the thoracolumbar CT by NGF is the result of neither a direct effect on spinal motoneurons nor an indirect effect of increased sensory innervation. Naturally occurring cell death of sympathetic preganglionic neurons is regulated by the size of their innervation field. PMID- 7130479 TI - Afferent neurons in the hypoglossal nerve of the zebra finch (Poephila guttata): localization with horseradish peroxidase. AB - Hypoglossal efferent fibers are known to innervate the vocal organ (syrinx) in songbirds. In order to determine the existence of afferent fibers from the syrinx in the zebra finch, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was applied to the cut peripheral branch of the hypoglossal nerve that innervates the left side of the syrinx. Cell bodies in the ganglion of the left vagus nerve were labeled, but no transganglionic (anterograde) transport into the CNS was observed at transport intervals of 1 to 5 days. (In comparison applying HRP to the cut descending branch of the vagus produced labeled cell bodies in the vagal ganglion as well as heavy anterograde label extending into the solitary nucleus.) Injection of HRP conjugated to wheat germ agglutinin into the intrinsic syringeal muscles also labeled cell bodies in the vagal ganglion, and again no transganglionic label was observed. Application of HRP more proximally to the cut hypoglossal truck resulted in the appearance of labeled cell bodies in the vagal ganglion as well as the anterograde label extending from the descending trigeminal tract to the principal sensory nucleus of V. These results indicate that hypoglossal afferents have cell bodies in the vagal ganglion, enter the medulla dorsally with vagal fibers, and terminate in the trigeminal complex. The identification of these afferent fibers raises the important question of their role in vocal learning. PMID- 7130480 TI - An afoveate area centralis in the chick retina. AB - A specialization has been found in the nasal retina of late embryonic and newly hatched chicks of the domestic fowl. In whole mounts of the retina, there is a central node about 2 mm from the dorsal end of the optic disc and a set of structures radiating out from this node. This complex has been named the aster. Sections of the retina show that the structures which form the aster lie in the inner nuclear layer. The specialization has been classed as an afoveate area centralis. PMID- 7130481 TI - Vitiligo and psoriasis. AB - The concurrence of vitiligo and psoriasis in a single patient has previously been considered unusual. The clustering of seven such patients at our institution over the past 3 years prompted a literature review. Only eighteen well-documented cases could be found, although the incidence of psoriasis in larger series of vitiligo patients seems greater than the isolated case reports would indicate. The occasional tendency of psoriasis to start in, or remain confined to, areas of vitiligo, as well as a purported resistance of dark skin to psoriasis, has tempted some to conclude that depigmented skin may be predisposed to psoriasis. This tendency, however, was not observed in our seven cases or in the majority of previously reported cases. Immunologic phenomena abound in both vitiligo and psoriasis, and the incidence of immunologic phenomena may be increased in patients with both diseases. These phenomena, however, are too dissimilar to draw any conclusions regarding pathogenetic links between vitiligo and psoriasis. The workup of our seven cases, including complete blood cell count and differential, platelet count, VDRL, SMA 18, antinuclear antibodies, thyroid function studies, antithyroid antibodies, urinalysis, eye examination, and skin biopsies, did not further elucidate any possible relationship between vitiligo and psoriasis. PMID- 7130482 TI - Office nail fold capillary microscopy using ophthalmoscope. AB - A method for performing capillary microscopy using an ophthalmoscope is described. Using this technic, we examined 130 patients with various connective tissue diseases. As in prior studies, four patterns could be discerned; scleroderma (SD) pattern, lupus erythematosus (LE) pattern, normal pattern, and a nonspecific pattern. Of the patients with systemic SD, 70% had SD pattern. Of LE patients, 53% had LE pattern. There was little crossover. It is hoped that the use of the ophthalmoscope will result in the widespread use of capillary microscopy. PMID- 7130484 TI - Toxic shock syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis? Case reports showing clinical similarity and histologic separation. AB - A case of toxic shock syndrome and a case of drug-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis with renal involvement are described. The two patients had similar early clinical manifestations and therefore posed a difficult differential diagnosis. Diagnostic distinction is important because therapy differs considerably. A skin biopsy in each case proved helpful in establishing the correct diagnosis, since there appears to be a different histologic pattern for each condition: superficial perivascular dermatitis for toxic shock syndrome and an interface dermatitis for toxic epidermal necrolysis. PMID- 7130483 TI - Death in pemphigus. AB - Pemphigus is frequently a fatal skin disease. The cause of death and the events leading to it were investigated by examining patient records and autopsy data of thirteen patients who died as a result of this disease at the UCLA Hospital between 1965 and 1980. The diagnosis was confirmed histologically and/or by immunofluorescent studies of the skin and serum. Infection was the most frequent cause of death, and septicemia was found in nine of thirteen cases. The most commonly found organism was Staphylococcus aureus. The skin was usually the source of infection. Nine patients had pneumonia on chest x-ray and autopsy examination. Most patients had low levels of serum proteins and serum albumin. Since the patients were on long-term high doses of corticosteroids, the signs and symptoms of inflammation were often masked. This study demonstrated that for this reason, long-term corticosteroid therapy is one of the significant factors contributing to the death of these patients. A cautious and judicious use of steroids is suggested. PMID- 7130486 TI - The tetracycline-oral contraceptive controversy. PMID- 7130485 TI - An association between C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency and lupus erythematosus: report of two cases and review of the literature. AB - Two patients who had lupus erythematosus and C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency are described. The data on eleven previously reported cases are reviewed and summarized with those from our own cases. Early complement component depletion secondary to C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency may predispose to the development of lupuslike syndromes by impairing the ability of the organism to handle foreign antigen. Further study of this unique group of patients may provide insight into the pathogenesis of immune complex disease. PMID- 7130488 TI - Epidermolysis bullosa letalis and phenytoin. PMID- 7130487 TI - Causes and effects of stratospheric ozone reduction: an update. PMID- 7130489 TI - Tetracycline and oral contraceptives. PMID- 7130490 TI - Thalidomide: use and possible mode of action in reactional lepromatous leprosy and in various other conditions. AB - The literature concerning the use and possible mode of action of thalidomide in reactional lepromatous leprosy and in various other conditions is reviewed. Although it has no action against the leprosy bacillus, its value in the treatment of the adverse reactions in this type of leprosy is well established, many leprologists considering it to be superior to any other drug for this purpose. Its efficacy in actinic prurigo is also impressive, and there are reports suggesting benefit in discoid lupus erythematosus. By contrast, its reported action in a number of other conditions, including severe aphthous stomatitis, Behcet's syndrome, pyoderma gangrenosum, nodular prurigo, and postherpetic neuralgia, needs confirmation in a larger number of cases, backed in some instances by clinical trial. The mechanism of action of this drug may be related to (1) anti-inflammatory effects, particularly an inhibition of neutrophil chemotaxis, (2) immunosuppressive effects, or (3) effects on neural tissue. Furthermore, structure-activity studies may allow separation of these and other possible effects. This review is in no way intended to lend support to the indiscriminate use of a potentially hazardous drug in various diseases of unknown cause, but rather to draw attention to a number of conditions in which the drug has been found effective. The further judicious use of thalidomide or a nonteratogenic analogue, with careful observation of results, may contribute to knowledge of the underlying pathology in some of these conditions, and possibly also to the mechanism of action of the drug itself. PMID- 7130492 TI - Epidermal dystrophy and actinic keratoses in psoriasis patients following oral psoralen photochemotherapy (PUVA). Follow-up study. AB - Focal dystrophy of epidermal cells, which was initially reported in 19 of 37 patients with psoriasis who had been treated with psoralen and ultraviolet A (PUVA), has now been observed in more than half of 70 patients 1 year or more following onset of PUVA therapy. These dystrophic changes, which are similar to those found in actinic keratoses, were present in clinically uninvolved skin of sunlight-protected and sunlight-exposed areas. Control biopsies obtained prior to PUVA therapy of non-sun-exposed skin in 62 patients and sun-exposed skin of 22 of these revealed no such changes. The presence of epidermal dystrophic changes in 9 patients who had a several-month interruption in PUVA therapy indicates that these changes cannot all be attributed to acute effects of PUVA. In 104 PUVA treated patients returning for dermatologic follow-up after the first year of therapy, 17 (16.3%) developed actinic keratoses during the course of, or following the cessation of, treatment with PUVA. Careful examination of these patients prior to PUVA therapy had revealed no such lesions. In the majority of patients, keratoses were multiple; they occurred in sun-exposed areas, suggesting a possible acceleration or promotion by PUVA of actinically induced lesions. PMID- 7130491 TI - Determination of half-dose depth in skin for soft x-rays. AB - Unlike superficial x-rays, the soft x-rays normally used in dermatologic practice spare unaffected underlying organs during treatment of cutaneous malignancies. However, since the dose with depth from soft x-rays varies markedly, it is important to know this relationship for optimal therapeutic results. The peak kilovoltage, and thus the energy of the beam, is generally selected so that the dose to the base of the lesion is one-half the surface dose. An absorbed dose of 3,400 rads to the surface and a dose of about one-half this amount to the base of most malignant lesions is one standard protocol for optimal therapeutic results. An accurate value of half-depth dose in skin is therefore necessary and is readily obtained from ordinary half-value layer measurements using the technic described. PMID- 7130493 TI - Studies on the skin-sensitizing properties of the "pepeo" tree, Mauria puberula (Anacardiaceae). PMID- 7130495 TI - Familial severe twenty-nail dystrophy. AB - Severe nail dystrophy is a recently described acquired nail disorder. The nails are variably involved and may show thinning, thickening, pitting, ridging, koilonychia, opalescence, and loss of luster. Not uncommonly, some nails are completely spared. Although most of the cases reported were among children, and nail changes showed gradual resolution, in a few cases the disorder is seen in adulthood. We recently investigated a pedigree extending through five generations in which twenty-one of the thirty-seven members were variably afflicted with the dystrophic nail changes. To our knowledge, the familial pattern, inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, has never been previously reported. We propose the term "familial severe twenty-nail dystrophy" for the disorder in this family. PMID- 7130494 TI - Effect of topical corticosteroid on the microbial flora of human skin. PMID- 7130496 TI - Cutaneous larva migrans in northern climates. A souvenir of your dream vacation. AB - Three young women recently returned to the metropolitan Detroit area with cutaneous larva migrans. All three had vacationed at a popular club resort on the Caribbean island of Martinique. Cutaneous larva migrans is frequently seen in the southern United States, Central and South America, and other subtropical areas but rarely in northern climates. Several organisms can cause cutaneous larva migrans, or creeping eruption. The larvae of the nematode Ancylostoma braziliense are most often the causative organisms. Travel habits of Americans make it necessary for practitioners in northern climates to be familiar with diseases contracted primarily in warmer locations. The life cycle of causative organisms and current therapy are reviewed. PMID- 7130497 TI - Antiplatelet therapy in atrophie blanche and livedo vasculitis. AB - Seven patients with atrophie blanche or livedo vasculitis of the lower extremities showed abnormal platelet functions in vitro. Six of seven showed hyperaggregation with epinephrine and/or collagen, three showed increased platelet adhesiveness, three showed increased platelet count, and one showed increased microemboli. After treatment with dipyridamole and aspirin, all showed return to normal platelet function. Clinical improvement occurred in all patients, with significant alleviation of pain and decrease in new lesion formation. Although enhanced healing of lesions seemed evident to physician and patient, it was incomplete. In two patients, pain returned when dipyridamole and aspirin were stopped, but the patients improved again when the medicines were restarted. These preliminary findings indicate a possible beneficial effect of antiplatelet therapy in atrophie blanche and livedo vasculitis. A double-blind study is being undertaken to further study this effect. PMID- 7130498 TI - Bowen's disease in blacks. PMID- 7130499 TI - Perforating folliculitis and psoriasis. AB - A 51-year-old man with a 10-year history of psoriasis presented with coexistent perforating folliculitis. Several perforating lesions were located within psoriatic plaques. This case is instructive from several viewpoints: (1) it is the second case to appear in the literature, to our knowledge, describing the coexistence of these two conditions; (2) several of the larger lesions resolved during topical therapy with retinoic acid; (3) it demonstrates the histologic difficulties encountered in attempting to classify the major perforating diseases. Possible mechanisms for the development of perforating disease in this patient are discussed, as are the reasons for its apparent response to topical therapy. PMID- 7130501 TI - Neonatal herpes simplex associated with fetal scalp monitor. PMID- 7130500 TI - Murine typhus: a case report and review. PMID- 7130502 TI - Prophylactic excision of nevocellular nevi. PMID- 7130503 TI - Light and electron microscopy of psoriatic skin before and during retinoid (Ro 10 9359) and retinoid-PUVA treatment. AB - Eight patients with psoriasis (pustular, erythrodermic or severe plaque type) were treated successfully with retinoid (Ro 10-9359) or with retinoid followed by PUVA (RePUVA). The histological changes in recovering skin were examined during 14 weeks. Treatment resulted in normalization of keratinocyte differentiation with fine structural changes suggesting decreased metabolic activity and a reduction of mitoses. There was an increase in the number of keratohyalin granules and of tonofilaments and desmosomes and a decrease in leukocytes in the epidermis. The different cell organelles were studied in detail, but the exact mechanism of retinoid action remains unsolved. Although the treatments were clinically highly effective, total normalization of the histological and electron microscopical picture was not achieved. PMID- 7130504 TI - Collodion baby skin. Ultrastructural and autoradiographic study. PMID- 7130505 TI - Kite flaps. PMID- 7130506 TI - The rising incidence and mortality rate of malignant melanoma. PMID- 7130507 TI - Stump the experts. Differential diagnosis of leukocytoclastic vasculitis. PMID- 7130508 TI - "Small" melanomas: relation of prognostic variables to diameter of primary superficial spreading melanomas. AB - In a consecutive series of 648 superficial spreading melanomas a significantly better 5-year disease-free survival rate was observed for patients whose primary tumors were 14 mm or less in diameter when compared with those 15 mm or larger in diameter. Other distinguishing features of the group of "smaller" superficial spreading melanomas were that they occurred in younger patients; were of shorter durations; were more common in women; occurred disproportionately on the lower limbs; were less elevated; tended to be round in shape; were thinner (Breslow); penetrated less deeply (Clark levels); showed less histologic regression; and developed fewer metastases. Based on these findings it is recommended that educational programs be undertaken for the medical profession and for the public to promote early diagnosis and prompt treatment of superficial spreading melanomas when they are small in diameter and more often curable. A color atlas of "small" melanomas is presented. PMID- 7130509 TI - The surgical management of "in situ" melanoma. AB - The concept of melanoma "in situ" is discussed pointing out that these lesions have the potential to become invasive tumors if not adequately treated. If such a pathologic diagnosis is made, each margin of the specimen should be carefully checked for the presence of atypical melanocytes. In our experience, with excision margins of 0.5-1 cm, local recurrence has not been a problem. PMID- 7130510 TI - A reappraisal of melanoma in situ. AB - Sixty-six cases of melanoma in situ were randomly selected from the files at the Royal Brisbane Hospital, Australia, and multiple deeper sections were cut from the paraffin blocks. An invasive component (Level II) was found in eight cases, with a thickness ranging from 0.19 to 0.45 mm. No recurrences or metastases have developed after at least five years. Focal areas of regression were present in the initial sections in all but one of these eight cases. PMID- 7130512 TI - Surgical treatment of two squamous-cell carcinomas in the same lip: case report. AB - We report one patient who developed two squamous-cell carcinomas on different parts of the lower lip. The tumors were excised by the UV technique, a variation of the V-shped excision. We repaired the defect caused by excision of the first lesion by direct closure and that caused by extirpation of the second lesion by use of a transposition flap (Abbe-Estlander technique). PMID- 7130513 TI - Hyperpigmentation of transplanted terminal hairs after punch hair grafting. PMID- 7130511 TI - Subdermal basal-cell carcinoma. AB - A case of recurrent basal-cell carcinoma at the mandibular ramus presented clinically with a subdermal nodule. The patient had previously been treated with aggressive curettage and electrodesiccation which had penetrated through the dermis. The authors postulate that either incomplete extirpation of the neoplasm with the curet or iatrogenic deep implantation of the tumor during the procedure may have led to the presentation of the recurrence as a subdermal nodule. PMID- 7130515 TI - Current problems in central venous catheter systems. PMID- 7130514 TI - The iconoclast as an aid in blunt dissection of flaps of the scalp and forehead. PMID- 7130517 TI - Responses to depressed individuals: discrepancies between self-report and observer-rated behavior. PMID- 7130516 TI - Rapidly progressive septic shock, associated with necrotizing fasciitis. AB - A case is presented of a 59-year-old male with rapidly progressive septic shock and necrotizing fasciitis. The patient was admitted in shock with an extensive skin lesion on the anterior chest wall. The history was relatively short and there was only a questionable history of preceding trauma. Necrotizing fasciitis was suspected from the appearance of the lesion. Antibiotics and anti-shock therapy were given but despite this, his condition deteriorated and he died from septic shock. At autopsy, the diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis was confirmed. The importance of rapid diagnosis and primary surgical therapy is emphasized. PMID- 7130519 TI - Depressive attributional style and depression following childbirth. PMID- 7130518 TI - Perceived self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, and negative mood states in end stage renal disease. PMID- 7130521 TI - Motor proficiency and attentional-task performance by psychotic patients. PMID- 7130520 TI - Social deficits in hypothetically psychosis-prone college women. PMID- 7130522 TI - Differential hypnotic responsivity of smokers, phobics, and chronic-pain control patients: a failure to confirm. PMID- 7130523 TI - Extent of drug use as a function of number of risk factors. PMID- 7130525 TI - Base rates, utilities, and DSM-III: shortcomings of fixed-rule systems of psychodiagnosis. PMID- 7130524 TI - Personality characteristics of two types of male exhibitionists. PMID- 7130526 TI - Hypnotically "reliving" a prior burn: effects on blister formation and localized skin temperature. PMID- 7130527 TI - Cochlear drainage and basilar membrane tuning. PMID- 7130529 TI - Segmental durations in connected speech signals: preliminary results. AB - The data base, methods for a study of the durations of phonetic units in connected speech, and some preliminary results are described. From readings of two scripts by many talkers, two sets of seven talkers each were selected, based on total reading time, to form a fast group and a slow group of talkers. Using computer graphics and digital playback procedures, the recordings were segmented into breath groups and pauses, and the first four sentences in each script were segmented into phones. The hold and release (that is, plosion and/or frication) portions of stops were identified and measured; less than 50% of the stops included releases. To establish the usefulness of the data base, the first-order statistics of the phonetic segments were determined, and a variety of durational characteristics were compared to existing reports. Analysis of number of breath groups, phonation time, and pause characterized the difference between so-called average fast and average slow talkers; however, no script-independent measure of these variables was found which would accurately predict the classification of individual talkers. The mean durations of various phonetic categories showed essentially the same percentage change when the fast and slow talkers were compared. Preliminary analyses of contextual influences on durations showed some expected changes, and also indicated that certain traditional predictions may not hold for informal connected speech. Gamma functions were fitted to the distributions of durations of various gross categories. PMID- 7130528 TI - New optical method for recording lip and jaw movements. PMID- 7130530 TI - A cochlear nonlinear transmission-line model compatible with combination tone psychophysics. AB - Human psychophysical measurements of the cubic combination tone (2f1-f2) have shown that at low and moderate stimulus levels its phase decreases at 6 degrees 12 degrees per dB increase in stimulus level. This finding contrasts with physiological measurements in anaesthetized animals where the CT phase is insensitive to stimulus level. We have characterized quantitatively the difference in cochlear nonlinear response between humans and animals in terms of a cochlear nonlinear transmission line model having different nonlinear elements for human and animal. Following Hall [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 56, 1818-1828 (1974)], a nonlinearity was introduced in the resistance of the cochlear partition (model A) for describing the animal cochlea. To model the human cochlea, we found that adding a nonlinear stiffness to the nonlinear mechanical loading of the basilar membrane gave the correct phase-amplitude dependence (model B). Simulation was used to solve the nonlinear models in the time domain. For high amplitude stimuli, both models predict similar results, mainly saturation in the response. The significant differences between the models occur at low and moderate stimulus intensities. According to model B the site of the resonant frequency along the basilar membrane depends on the stimulus level, while it is independent of stimulus level according to model A. As a result of the shift in the resonant site location in model B, the phase response profile is shifted as well, so that the phase response at the original resonant site depends on stimulus level. The psychophysical data on CT cancellation were predicted by model B, while physiological data on CT cancellation are predicted by model A. PMID- 7130531 TI - Loudness adaptation induced by an intermittent tone. AB - The loudness of a continuous 1000-Hz tone at 60 dB SPL was measured in the presence of an intermittent tone in the contralateral ear. Over 70 observers participated in a series of eight experiments. The method of successive magnitude estimation showed that the intermittent tone causes the steady tone to diminish in loudness within 2 or 3 min by 40% to 60%. The amount of this induced loudness adaptation depends weakly upon the presentation rate, frequency, and level of the contralateral tone. Loudness reduction of the steady tone is coupled with loudness enhancement of the intermittent tone in the opposite ear. Induced loudness adaptation was also revealed by interaural and cross-modality matching. Induced loudness adaptation depends strongly on interaural interaction and is probably related to lateralization and interaural funneling of loudness. Adaptation induced by an intermittent tone stands in marked contrast to the near absence of loudness adaptation, except near threshold, when a continuous sound is presented alone. PMID- 7130532 TI - Psychoacoustic and phonetic temporal processing in normal and hearing-impaired listeners. PMID- 7130533 TI - Temporal discrimination in the goldfish. AB - The capacities of the goldfish to detect changes in sound burst repetition rate were studied using classical respiratory conditioning. In experiment I, the just detectable amount of an instantaneous random jitter of burst period was measured as a function of mean period. In experiment II, the just detectable amount of slow sinusoidal jitter of burst period was measured for three burst types having different spectral and waveform characteristics. In experiment III, sinusoidal jitter detection thresholds were measured in the presence of varying degrees of random jitter. The data show that (1) rms sinusoidal and random jitter in a periodic train of bursts are approximately equally detectable. (2) Sinusoidal jitter detection depends upon burst period duration and the short-term envelope definition and not upon frequency-domain information. (3) For a given burst period, stimulus jitter and an internal temporal noise appear to add independently to determine period discriminability. (4) Psychophysical estimates of internal temporal noise are 0.160 and 0.710 msec at periods of 5 and 10 msec, respectively. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that the burst period discrimination task is based upon a measurement of the time interval (duration) between spikes in auditory neurons. PMID- 7130534 TI - Gap detection in normal and hearing-impaired listeners. AB - Temporal resolution, estimated by measuring the minimum detectable gap (delta t ms) separating two successive signals, was assessed in five normal-hearing and five cochlear-impaired listeners. The signals were octave-band noises (400-800 Hz, 800-1600 Hz, and 2000-4000 Hz) presented in a background of continuous, broadband notched noise that was applied to eliminate unwanted spectral cues. Temporal resolution in all listeners showed systematic improvement with an increase in octave-band center frequency. Resolution in the hearing-impaired subjects was significantly poorer than normal regardless of whether the comparisons were made at equal sound pressure level or at equal sensation level. PMID- 7130535 TI - Estimation of acoustical energy reflectance at the eardrum from measurements of pressure distribution in the human ear canal. AB - At frequencies greater than 2 kHz the acoustic impedance at the human eardrum is an unreliable indicator of the behavior of the middle ear system because of the complicated configuration of the ear canal and tympanic membrane. The energy reflectance at the eardrum, however, when obtained from measurement of the standing wave ratio (SWR) in the canal, is relatively insensitive to irregularities in the anatomical layout at the higher frequencies. Measurements of sound pressure distribution in 13 normal ear canals have been analyzed in a critical manner to provide new values of SWR, with estimates of error, between 5 and 10 kHz. At the higher frequencies these values tend to be appreciably greater than those previously reported. At 8 kHz, for example, the new values of SWR range between 18 and 24 dB as compared with earlier values which are in the vicinity of 13 dB. The correspondingly greater values of energy reflectance (60% 78%, as compared with 40%) are more consistent with known properties (mass, size, vibrational patterns) of the human eardrum. These results are applicable to the development of network models representing the middle ear system. PMID- 7130537 TI - Responses of primary auditory fibers to brief tone bursts. AB - Responses of primary auditory fibers to short triangularly modulated bursts of tone were obtained in the anesthetized cat. Based on discharge rate alone, the characteristics of the "response areas" obtained with these tone bursts were found to depend on the best frequency of the fiber. For a fiber with low best frequency (below 1 kHz), tones of greater than 10-ms duration had to be presented in order for the frequency resolution of the neuron to be as good as it was for long tones. For fibers with high best frequencies (above 10 kHz), tones of 2 or even 1 ms caused responses that were nearly as frequency selective as those obtained with long tones. A linear minimum-phase model based on the steady-state frequency selectivity of the fibers has been developed and shows generally comparable responses, but with some interesting exceptions. Synchronization of discharges to the waveform of the low-frequency tone bursts was measured and also shown to be generally compatible with the minimum-phase model. Trapezoidally modulated tone bursts were also used. PMID- 7130536 TI - The behavior of acoustic distortion products in the ear canals of chinchillas with normal or damaged ears. AB - Acoustic intermodulation distortion products were measured in 15 ear canals of chinchillas with normal or damaged ears. Pretreatment results showed that when two primary tones at frequencies f1 and f2, f1 less than f2, were presented at levels from 30 to 90 dB SPL, acoustic distortion products at 2f1-f2 and 2f2-f1 were 30 to 50 dB below primary-tone levels. Noise exposures that caused temporary or permanent hearing loss produced corresponding temporary or permanent reductions in distortion-product levels. Mechanical damage to the cochlea or middle ear reduced the distortion-product levels to below the noise floor of the measurement system. Comparisons of distortion-product level with behaviorally measured threshold shift and cochlear histopathology suggest that, in the absence of conductive impairment, the level of 2f1-f2 or 2f2-f1 can be used as a sensitive indicator of hearing sensitivity and the condition of the cochlea. PMID- 7130538 TI - Forward masking of auditory nerve (N1) and brainstem (wave V) responses in humans. AB - Wave V of the auditory brainstem response and N1 from the ear canal were recorded from normal hearing adults using a forward masking paradigm. Response amplitudes and latencies to 40 dB HL probe clicks presented in quiet and as a function of the time delay (delta T) following short-duration wideband noise maskers were measured. The masking effects for wave V were different than for N1. The primary effects were decreases in N1 amplitude and increases in wave V latency, neither of which were recovered by delta T = 100 ms. The V-N1 latency interval increased for delta Ts below 50 ms. Wave V amplitude was fully recovered by delta T = 25 ms, even though N1 amplitude was significantly reduced. Recovery functions are also described for some variations in masker duration and masker level. Results are explainable in terms of peripheral and central processes or entirely peripheral processes. The differential effects of N1 and wave V suggest, at least for some stimulus conditions, that these two responses are to some degree independent of each other. PMID- 7130539 TI - Change in pulmonary function in children associated with air pollution episodes. PMID- 7130540 TI - Prevalence and incidence of psychiatric illness in college students: a four year prospective study. PMID- 7130541 TI - Sexual concerns and counseling needs of "normal" women attending a student health service women's clinic. PMID- 7130542 TI - Religiosity, sexual behavior, and contraceptive use of college females. PMID- 7130543 TI - Perceived family climate of students deciding to pursue counseling. PMID- 7130544 TI - Antibiotics. PMID- 7130545 TI - Making quality assessment work for you ... not against you. PMID- 7130546 TI - Interests and needs of college students in health education. PMID- 7130547 TI - Evolution and dimensions of a women's clinic in a university setting. PMID- 7130548 TI - Developing a women's health care course. PMID- 7130549 TI - Decision-making model of pregnancy counseling. PMID- 7130550 TI - A standardized quantitative skin-test assay of allergen potency and stability: studies on the allergen dose-response curve and effect of wheal, erythema, and patient selection on assay results. AB - A quantitative skin-test assay of allergenic potency was developed and tested on 28 allergic patients. The best-fit linear regression line was calculated from the sum of erythema or wheal diameters obtained from four intradermal threefold serial dilutions near the endpoint. Each line must have a correlation coefficient greater than 0.85 and the slopes of reference and test extract lines must not be significantly different. The relative potency can be calculated from the horizontal distance between the reference and test lines. The between-assay reproducibility was determined by comparing references against themselves. The 95% confidence limits were 54% to 186% when erythema was used and 27% to 367% when wheal was used. The narrower limits for the assay using erythema maybe due to the 5.5 times steeper slope of erythema lines than wheal lines. Potency results on five commercial extracts were highly correlated with potency results by RAST, AgE assay, or rye I assay. Extracts with isolectric focusing patterns dissimilar from the references were of significantly lower potency by in vivo and in vitro assays. The measured potency of two low-potency short ragweed extracts varied significantly with patient sensitivity to heat-stable and heat-labile ragweed allergens, indicating that patient selection may significantly affect assay results. Dose-response lines using either histamine or short ragweed by puncture (P) and intradermal (ID) techniques in the same patient showed that P/ID dose for equal erythema response was 909 for histamine and 31,250 for ragweed. This quantitative skin-test assay is highly re[rpdicob;e, yields potency data comparable to those of in vitro tests, can be applied to studies of extract stability, and is suitable as a primary bioassay of allergenic activity. PMID- 7130551 TI - The Gordon phenomenon induced by the eosinophil cationic protein and eosinophil protein X. AB - Cerebellar Purkinje cell degeneration after intracerebral injection of eosinophil granulocytes or extracts thereof is known as the Gordon phenomenon. The reaction is said to be highly selective. An eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) has recently been reported to induce the Gordon phenomenon. However, we report here that two eosinophil-derived proteins, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and eosinophil protein X (EPX), may induce the Gordon phenomenon after intraventricular injection. The potency of ECP is far greater than that of EPX and the latter is possibly identical to EDN. The Fink-Heimer staining for degenerating nerve fibers and boutons, however, indicated that the selectivity of the Gordon phenomenon is not as specific as was previously thought, since this method revealed degeneration of all brain areas in proximity to the ventricular system. PMID- 7130552 TI - Prevalence of asthma and health service utilization of asthmatic children in an inner city. AB - To determine the prevalence of asthma and to examine the pattern of health service utilization of asthmatic children in Baltimore, we sent questionnaires randomly to 4096 first and sixth graders attending Baltimore City public schools; 2898 completed the questionnaire. Asthma was defined as "a condition which causes difficulty in breathing, with wheezing noises in the chest." On the basis of this definition, we found that the cumulative prevalence of asthma was 10.5% and the 12 mo period prevalence was 7.2%. The prevalence was significantly higher for boys (male:female = 1.6:1) and for blacks (black:white = 1.5:1). Nearly 50% of the children with active asthma missed 6 days or more out of the school year because of illnesses due to asthma. Almost half the asthmatic children obtained their care of asthma in the emergency room, and twice as many blacks as whites used the emergency room as their primary source of care. Moreover, emergency room users had a higher school absentee rate than non-emergency room users. PMID- 7130554 TI - Mother and preschool child interaction: a sequential approach. PMID- 7130553 TI - Stimulation of endogenous catecholamine release by theophylline: a proposed additional mechanism of action for theophylline effects. AB - Therapeutic response to theophylline in asthma is generally attributed to its effect in increasing intracellular 3',5' cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) by competitive inhibition of cAMP phosphodiesterase. However, because of discrepancies between therapeutic serum theophylline concentration achieved clinically and those required for in vitro phosphodiesterase inhibition, we explored the possibility that theophylline may act through adrenomedullary secretion of catecholamines. Five healthy, nonasthmatic male and female adults were studied with a double-blind, randomized, crossover protocol. Theophylline (5 mg/kg) and placebo were administered in a capsule dosage form. Plasma catecholamines epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), and dopamine (DA) were measured by a radioenzymatic assay at baseline and after administration of theophylline at 1, 2, and 3 hr. Significant differences between theophylline- and placebo-treated groups (p less than 0.05) were seen at 3 hr for mean percentage increase over baseline with E (120% +/- 25.3%) and NE (48.02% +/- 17.94%) after theophylline therapy (mean peak level 7.2 +/- 0.48 micrograms/ml). Epinephrine plasma concentration was significantly greater (p less than 0.001) at 3 hr compared with baseline (105 +/- 16 vs 56 +/- 18 pg/ml), while NE (448 +/- 52 vs 320 +/- 36 pg/ml) did not attain significance (p = 0.136). A significant correlation (p less than 0.05) was found between the percentage increase over basal for E (r = 0.58) and NE (r = 0.66) and serum theophylline levels. DA was not significantly increased at any time period. Thus theophylline in clinically relevant concentration appears to stimulate adrenomedullary secretion of catecholamine. Whether this is an important mechanism of action in asthma or explains some side effects of theophylline remains to be determined. PMID- 7130555 TI - The reliability of memories for attachment to special, soft objects during childhood. PMID- 7130556 TI - The Child Assessment Schedule (CAS) diagnostic interview: a report on reliability and validity. PMID- 7130557 TI - Children's bereavement reactions following death of the father: II. PMID- 7130558 TI - Group consultation with highly stressed medical personnel to avoid burnout. PMID- 7130559 TI - Prepaid comprehensive mental health services for children. PMID- 7130560 TI - A study of a child psychiatrist's interventions. PMID- 7130561 TI - The technique of verbal games in group therapy with early adolescents. PMID- 7130562 TI - Body image development in the burned child. PMID- 7130563 TI - Conversion disorder with pseudoseizures in adolescence: a stress reaction to unrecognized and untreated learning disabilities. PMID- 7130564 TI - Child victims of sexual assault: impact of court procedures. PMID- 7130566 TI - Psychiatric malpractice. PMID- 7130565 TI - The role of the child psychiatrist in court cases involving child victims of sexual assault. PMID- 7130567 TI - Fat and cholesterol intakes of white adults in Columbia, Maryland. Upper-middle socioeconomic level subjects. AB - In a cross-sectional study of white adults with upper-level socioeconomic status (in Columbia, Maryland), intakes of total, saturated, and polyunsaturated fat and of cholesterol were assessed. The intakes were compared with dietary recommendations made by the Inter-Society Commission for Heart Disease Resources, the American Heart Association, and the Senate Select Committee. Only moderate dietary changes were needed for a menu modification that conforms to the dietary recommendations for men. If the group studied reflects the impact of public health nutrition education, areas in need of attention seem to be a reduction in the amount and a change in the quality of dietary fat. PMID- 7130568 TI - Job satisfaction of dietitians in the United States. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the level of job satisfaction of dietitians in the United States. Job satisfaction scores using the Job Descriptive Index (JDI) were studied in relation to marital status, age, years of employment, place of employment, salary, job responsibilities, and dietitian category. The sample consisted of 529 dietitians in the following categories: consultant, clinical, other, generalist, administrative, community, research, and teachers. When compared with norms, total job satisfaction scores were low. Few significant differences were observed among dietitian categories. There were no significant differences between total job satisfaction scores and any of the job related variables studied. PMID- 7130569 TI - Role ambiguity, role conflict, and job satisfaction of dietitians. AB - The purpose of this research was to study the relationship between role ambiguity and conflict and job satisfaction as perceived by dietitians in the United States. Role ambiguity scores for all dietitians were consistently low. Generalist dietitians, however, scored significantly higher in role ambiguity than dietitians who were heads of departments and dietitians who were in the other/private practice group. Role conflict scores were considerably higher for all dietitian groups than scores for role ambiguity. Yet, for most groups, role conflict scores were only slightly higher than mid-point. Generalist dietitians scored significantly higher in role conflict than did six other groups of dietitians. There were no significant correlations between role ambiguity or conflict and job satisfaction. PMID- 7130571 TI - Essential competencies for baccalaureate dietetic programs. PMID- 7130570 TI - Composition of native american fruits in the Pacific Northwest. AB - Thirteen species of native fruits eaten by Pacific Northwest Indians were analyzed for proximate composition, calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc, and ascorbic acid content. To determine relative nutrient contributions of these fruits to the diet, these data were combined with anthropological data, and a comparison with the RDA was made. The fruits analyzed may have provided substantial quantities of kilocalories, ascorbic acid, iron, zinc, calcium, and magnesium to the Pacific Northwest Indian diet. This information can be useful to dietitians involved in nutrition counseling of American Indians who are currently striving to retain certain cultural foods as part of their diet. PMID- 7130572 TI - Nutrition education in United States and Canadian schools of dentistry. PMID- 7130573 TI - Snacking and its contribution to food and nutrient intake of college students. PMID- 7130574 TI - Life expectancy and the health of older persons. PMID- 7130575 TI - Symptomatic pyelonephritis in elderly men. AB - A prospective study was carried out of the clinical, laboratory, radiologic and therapeutic features of acute, symptomatic, bacterial pyelonephritis as experienced by 12 consecutive elderly, noncatheterized men who required hospitalization. In spite of the advanced ages of the men and the inordinate frequency of bacteremia and septic shock, no patient died. "Appropriate" antibiotic therapy, supportive treatment, and, as importantly, a lack of associated "imminently" or "ultimately" fatal illnesses contributed to the 100 per cent survival rate. Guidelines are provided for the diagnostic evaluation and antibiotic therapy of community-acquired pyelonephritis in elderly men. PMID- 7130576 TI - Left ventricular function in hospitalized geriatric patients. AB - Left ventricular ejection fraction was measured by gated wall motion in 62 patients, 75 years old or older, admitted to a Geriatric Acute Assessment Ward. From this group, 42 patients not taking digitalis or other cardioactive medication were selected for analysis. Thirty of them had clinically identifiable heart disease, whereas 12 did not. Resting left ventricular ejection fractions in the 12 patients without clinically identifiable heart disease averaged 0.60 +/- 0.09. None had an ejection fraction below 0.50. In the 30 patients with clinically identifiable heart disease, mean ejection fraction was 0.49 +/- 0.15 (range 0.17-0.84), P less than 0.01. In the patients with heart disease, reduction of ejection fraction was correlated with either cardiac enlargement or congestive heart failure. Neither age nor electrocardiographic abnormalities added to the strength of this correlation. Fifty-eight per cent of patients with congestive heart failure had ejection fractions greater than or equal to 0.40, suggesting that congestive heart failure in this age group is frequently related to diastolic left ventricular dysfunction unaccompanied by major systolic dysfunction. The prognosis of patients with congestive heart failure and ejection fractions above 0.35 was significantly better than of patients with congestive heart failure and ejection fractions below 0.35. From these data and other data available in the literature, it is proposed that the lower limit for ejection fraction be 0.50 for patients 75 years old or older. Congestive heart failure in patients 75 years old or older appears to be associated with relatively higher ejection fractions or even with ejection fractions within the normal range. In these patients, digitalis may not be indicated, and short term-prognosis is relatively favorable. PMID- 7130577 TI - Alcohol excess and the senile squalor syndrome. PMID- 7130579 TI - The role of electroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of depression in the elderly. PMID- 7130578 TI - Atypical lymphoproliferative reaction to antibiotic therapy. PMID- 7130580 TI - Treating geriatric depression: a 26-week interim analysis. AB - Two concurrent studies of geriatric outpatients who received diagnoses of depression were conducted. In the first, patients were treated with one of two tricyclic antidepressants or with a placebo. In the second, patients were assigned to groups receiving either psychodynamic group therapy or cognitive behavioral group therapy. Patients in the placebo group showed the least improvement; most patients receiving group psychotherapy showed some improvement, but only 12% had full remissions; by contrast, 45% of patients receiving imipramine or doxepin had full remissions, while 36% of them experienced little or no benefit. An early response to tricyclic antidepressant drugs was a reliable predictor of continued improvement. PMID- 7130583 TI - Managing medication in an aging population: physician, pharmacist, and patient perspectives. PMID- 7130581 TI - Age-associated changes in the immune response. PMID- 7130582 TI - Conception and birth of a geriatrician. PMID- 7130585 TI - Managing medication and compliance: physician--pharmacist--patient interactions. AB - Behavior characteristics of both health care practitioners and patients are discussed in terms of their effects on the delivery of care and the rational use of drugs. Three modes of behavior are described: the instrumental, the customary, and the command modes. Although most physicians follow the customary mode, an instrumental approach is recommended both for patient interactions and for drug selection. Patient education is often insufficient, and physicians tend unjustly to blame the failure of a treatment regimen on the patient's lack of compliance. An "index of risk" is presented to help spot potential drug defaulters, as are clues in the behavioral diagnosis. PMID- 7130584 TI - Therapeutics and an older population: a physician's perspective. PMID- 7130586 TI - The management of cardiovascular disease in the elderly. AB - Elevated blood pressure (either isolated systolic levels above 1150-160 mm Hg, or diastolic/systolic elevations), left ventricular hypertrophy, and possibly decreased high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) are significant risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the elderly. Treatment of other precursors, such as total cholesterol or triglycerides, is probably not warranted in this group. For the management of hypertension, administration of diuretics with the judicious use of adrenergic inhibitors and vasodilators is indicated. In treating patients who have congestive heart failure, dosages of agents such as digoxin must be carefully adjusted. Antiarrhythmics are generally not well tolerated by the elderly. Whenever possible, polypharmacy should be avoided to prevent adverse interactions. PMID- 7130587 TI - Recognition and complications of diabetes in the older patient. AB - An international classification of diabetes and other disorders of glucose intolerance is presented. The disorder is subdivided into insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), and various forms of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Diagnostic criteria are discussed in detail, as are guidelines in management, including emotional support, nutritional requirements, and patient education. The elderly are particularly affected by the complications of diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, generalized large vessel disease, and foot problems. Drug-related complications are also common in this group. Specific agents that may interact to potentiate hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia or induce adverse reactions are outlined. PMID- 7130588 TI - Management of respiratory problems in the aged. AB - Drug therapy of asthma in the elderly with sympathomimetics, theophylline, steroids, and mucokinetic agents is described, with discussion of dosage evaluation, toxicity, possible drug interactions, and suggested management of common problems. The aspirin hypersensitivity syndrome is reviewed, with an admonition to avoid this drug in asthmatic patients who have nasal polyps, nasal obstruction, or sinusitis, especially patients over the age of 30. The treatments of coughs and colds, and common respiratory infections such as tuberculosis and bronchitis, in the elderly are also outlined. Antihistamines are not advised for elderly patients who have viral or bacterial infections of the nose or throat, and oral preparations containing nasal mucosal vasoconstrictors should also be avoided in managing the elderly patient who has hypertension, vascular disease, or prostatism. Cough suppressants must be used with care, especially if cough is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Special attention is given to the role of oxygen therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PMID- 7130589 TI - Physiologic changes in old age: relation to altered drug disposition. AB - Current knowledge of the effects of aging on drug disposition is reviewed. Although definitive studies are not always available, based on present evidence it appears that: 1) drug absorption is not impaired in the elderly; 2) drug distribution in the elderly may be altered by significant changes in the lipid/lean body mass ratio; 3) Phase I (non-synthetic) biotransformation reactions of the liver appear to be much more profoundly affected by aging than are Phase II (synthetic) reactions; 4) age-related effects of biotransformation can be different even for compounds that are very similar and undergo the same types of reactions. Important parameters of drug metabolism are also discussed, such as the need to use total clearance, rather than half-life, in assessing pharmacokinetics. PMID- 7130590 TI - Drug interactions and the elderly. AB - The elderly take more drugs than the young, and are therefore more susceptible to adverse drug interactions. Prescribing the minimum number of agents is recommended. Drug absorption, metabolism, and excretion may be altered by various interactions. Dose-response relationships of oral anticoagulants, oral hypoglycemics, anticonvulsants, steroid hormones, theophylline, and tricyclic antidepressants are significantly affected by changes in drug metabolism. Proper adjustment of dosage permits the safe, concomitant use of agents that interact with these drugs. Pharmacodynamic interactions also occur in the elderly. A common example is the additive effect of several drugs with central nervous system depressant activity, causing oversedation. PMID- 7130591 TI - Over-the-counter medication: the drug interactions we overlook. AB - The effective use of medication involves awareness of both the interpersonal interaction between provider and patient and potential drug--drug interactions. Elderly patients are especially vulnerable to drug--drug interactions because many in this population are very likely to be undergoing treatment for two or more concurrent diseases, probably while self-medicating with over-the-counter (OTC) preparations. Both patient and provider behaviors generate poor patient- provider interactions. The elderly patient is unwilling to ask for help or admit weaknesses that may become restrictive; providers often lack training in the psychosocial and economic aspects of geriatric care. The cost of OTC preparations for people over 65 is about half of what they spend on prescription drugs. The effects of salicylate use (as internal analgesics) and antacid use illustrate potential OTC--prescription drug interactions. Aspirin, used with other drugs, can contribute to accidental hypothermia; idiosyncratic reactions are particularly dangerous in the asthmatic patient. In addition, many OTC products contain aspirin but are not clearly labelled as such. Antacid overuse can be detrimental in itself, and antacids can also affect the absorption and excretion of prescribed drugs when they alter gastric or urinary pH. It is suggested that providers pay more attention to dosage form, as this can influence drug effectiveness, particularly in the elderly. The OTC drugs are therapeutically valuable, but providers must be aware of the potential difficulties when patients use them. PMID- 7130592 TI - Antacids and laxatives for symptomatic relief in the elderly. AB - Guidelines for the safe, effective use of antacids and laxatives are presented, with emphasis on the special problems and considerations of their use in the elderly. Discussed are properties affecting drug selection, dosage, measures to ensure compliance, adverse reactions, and drug interactions. Physician--patient dialogs are recommended, as is patient education about the dangers of inappropriate or excessive use of these products, and the need to obtain medical care for unremitting symptoms. PMID- 7130593 TI - Polymedicine: known and unknown drug interactions. AB - Despite more than 15 years of extensive scrutiny, adverse drug interactions, especially in the elderly, remain a problem for the clinician. A two-pronged approach is suggested to contend with drug interactions: detection or avoidance of known drug interactions; and predictions and characterization of hitherto unknown interactions. The former approach is aided by critical reference sources on the subject and the use of drug interaction screening aids such as drug interactions alert lists or rotating drug discs. Computers are becoming increasingly important not only for the detection of potential drug interactions but also for the delineation of drug therapy options. Ultimately, computers can be used to predict interactions on the basis of physiochemical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic data. For the present, extensive epidemiologic research programs can serve to ferret out interactions. Limited accessibility to such program data bases mandates a high index of suspicion in prepared and well informed observers if the drug interaction problem is to be dealt with. PMID- 7130594 TI - Playing the game-for keeps. PMID- 7130595 TI - SOS: signals of child abuse. PMID- 7130597 TI - Fitness and the women physician. PMID- 7130596 TI - Sexuality of chemically dependent women. PMID- 7130600 TI - Will the real doctor of optometry please stand? PMID- 7130598 TI - Update on dementia. PMID- 7130601 TI - Economic and outcome considerations of special testing in the optometric office. PMID- 7130599 TI - Effect of anticoagulant therapy on antithrombin III levels. PMID- 7130604 TI - Impact resistance: an overview. AB - The basic concepts of impact resistance are reviewed. Also discussed are the research on materials, treatment and testing procedures, mechanisms of fracture and the factors affecting impact resistance. Research has shown that the strength of a lens treated or untreated is well below the theoretical strength of glass. The impact resistance of a lens is altered by the presence of breaks in the surface of a lens. The drop ball test as mandated by the FDA is essentially a control test. Its use as a means of evaluating the performance of a lens has been open to question. Researchers have suggested alternative forms of testing which may be more valid in assessing the impact resistance of an ophthalmic lens. PMID- 7130603 TI - Vision and sports: a review of the literature. AB - The basis for training visual abilities to enhance sports performance is explored. Optometric intervention in sports assumes the following statements to be true: 1. Athletes have better visual abilities than non-athletes and better athletes have better visual abilities than the poorer athletes, 2. Visual abilities are trainable, and 3. Visual training is transferable to the performance of the athlete. The literature demonstrates that athletes have better visual abilities than non-athletes. Studies have shown this to be true in the following areas of vision: Larger extent of visual fields, larger fields of recognition (peripheral acuity), larger motion perception fields, lower amounts of heterophoria at near and far, more consistent simultaneous vision, more accurate depth perception, better dynamic visual acuity, and better ocular motilities. The literature also shows that all of the above skills are trainable. Two studies are cited that support the belief that visual training is transferable to athletic performance but they suffer from inadequate experimental design. PMID- 7130605 TI - Corneal curvature in the fetal alcohol syndrome: preliminary report. AB - In a preliminary report of the ocular characteristics of the fetal alcohol syndrome, (FAS) 17 Southwestern Indian FAS children were examined for ocular care. Of the seventeen examined, 12 could be measured with keratometry. 100% had corneal curvature of 45.75 and greater with an average horizontal curvature of 47.55 diopters and an average vertical curvature of 49.35 diopters. Steep corneal curvature was found to be a consistent and major characteristic of these FAS children. PMID- 7130607 TI - The AOA's "top two-percent". PMID- 7130602 TI - Report of the Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Committee to the secretary. AB - The Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Committee (GMENAC) was charged with the task of advising the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services on overall strategies on the present and future supply and requirements of physicians by specialty and geographic location. In September of 1980, GMENAC submitted its final report to the Secretary. Included in this report are policy directives that were issued in the form of recommendations; several of these recommendations are directed specifically at the independent non-physician health care professions. The potential impact of these recommendations upon the profession of optometry is monumental; and, the authority of GMENAC to issue directives regarding the supply of optometrists and the future requirements of optometric manpower must be challenged. PMID- 7130606 TI - Incidence and prevalence of selected visual conditions. AB - Information on the incidence and prevalence of visual disorders is important, but is often difficult to obtain. In this article, such information has been collected from a number of sources and is summarized and presented in a concise manner. The conditions covered include Amblyopia, Strabismus, Convergence Insufficiency, Eye Coordination difficulties, Perceptual Motor Problems and causes of blindness. PMID- 7130608 TI - Prosthesis for blepharoptosis and blepharospasm. AB - Blepharoptosis and blepharospasm are ocular phenomena, which cause severe functional and cosmetic problems. Both conditions respond poorly to medical and surgical correction, although surgery does provide a moderate degree of success in ptosis cases. Ptosis prostheses (crutches) have been utilized for years with only limited degrees of success. It is the author's opinion that this has been due to a lack of scientific approach to the design and limitations of the materials available for the device. To eliminate these problems, we devised and organized an approach to the design of the prosthetic device and utilized new materials with advantageous characteristics for the crutch. The results have been remarkable from a cosmetic and functional aspect and have produced an improvement in a condition considered beyond the pale of relief or treatment. PMID- 7130609 TI - In pursuit of excellence through certification. PMID- 7130610 TI - Three binocularity evaluation methods. AB - Determining effort expended in binocular seeing is usually accomplished by equating dissociated phoria with total vergence ability. Fixation disparity testing by disclosing failure of precise binocular alignment is a second method which helps to assess both direction and quantity of prism power needed to accomplish alignment. Neither of these two methods delineates the foveal role as a sensory fusional lock in binocularity. The third is the Goodlaw test in which the exact focus of the eyes is disturbed through plus and/or minus lenses, provides this information and further directs therapy. PMID- 7130611 TI - Hypertensive choroidopathy. AB - Ocular manifestations of hypertension involve both retinal and choroidal circulation. Clinical and pathological studies suggest that choroidal changes are present in benign and malignant hypertension, though significantly greater in the later. Lesions classically described as Siegrist and Elschnig spots are described. Clinical evidence of choroidopathy from hypertension and arteriosclerosis has a significant prognostic value for life. PMID- 7130613 TI - An advance in ophthalmic pharmacology. The use of the epinephrine pro-drug dipivalyl epinephrine in the treatment of glaucoma. AB - The development and use of dipivalyl epinephrine, an epinephrine pro-drug, represents a major advance in the pharmacological treatment of open angle glaucoma. Relative to its less lipid soluble parent compound, dipivefrin has been shown in clinical trials to control intraocular pressure effectively at concentrations 10-20 times less than epinephrine with a resultant decreased incidence of ocular and systemic side effects. PMID- 7130612 TI - The training of visual acuity in myopia. AB - Seventeen myopes were trained with a computerized optometer to increase their far point visual acuity from up to 20/800 to 20/25 for limited durations under conditions where "squinting" and pupil size were controlled. No associated changes in refraction were found. The results are best explained by the formation of an artificial contact lens resulting from tear-film changes. Measuring contrast sensitivity across a range of spatial frequencies is suggested to investigate the possibility that a learned perceptual process may also be involved. PMID- 7130615 TI - The health maintenance organization--is it for you? PMID- 7130616 TI - Office design. PMID- 7130614 TI - A mammoth vision screening--public relations and public service. AB - This paper describes the methods employed and the results of a very large vision screening program co-sponsored by the State College of Optometry SUNY and WABC TV. The paper is designed so that other groups might organize a similar public service program. PMID- 7130618 TI - Computer simulation for deconvolution of a heat conduction batch microcalorimeter by the D-B Finite Element Technique. AB - The method described here is a general numerical analysis procedure which has been applied to a heat conduction Batch calorimeter for the deconvolution of its thermograms, and is based on a computer simulation of the heat conduction behavior of the instrument with time. We show by means of test signals that the method can deconvolute the signal with a resolving time that is about two orders of magnitude smaller than the time constant of the calorimeter itself. The method can be applied to time signals generally, provided that the instrument producing them can be simulated. PMID- 7130617 TI - An optimized differential heat conduction solution microcalorimeter for thermal kinetic measurements. AB - Heat conduction calorimeters are widely used in the biological sciences, but baseline instability, low resolution, electrical noise and motion artifacts have limited their utility. Two main sources of noise, baseline fluctuation or drift and a motion artifact, were traced to amplifier drift, a small (0.015 degrees C) gradient within the constant temperature cylinder, and the method of installing the thermopiles. The addition of heaters to the top and bottom of the cylinder reduced the gradient to approximately 0.003 degrees C and greatly reduced the slow component of the motion artifact. The drift error was reduced by proper mounting of the amplifier and its external components and the enclosure of the calorimeter in a temperature-controlled box. An R-C model of the heat flow in the calorimeter was developed which was employed to discover several means of increasing sensitivity without increasing the rise-time of the calorimeter. Analysis, also based on the model, showed that variations in the air gap between the cell and cell holder can be a major source of error when the calorimeter is used to investigate the kinetics of a chemical reaction. This analysis also showed that the time for the heat to flow through the solution in the cell can be the dominant factor in determining the rise-time of the instrument. The heat conduction calorimeter described here has improved characteristics: a baseline stability of 200 nJ x s-1 (peak-to-peak) over a 48 h period; a resolution of 200 nJ x s-1; a sensitivity of 6.504 +/- 0.045 J x V-1 x s-1 referred to the sensor output; and a rise-time of 122 s for the 10-90% response. PMID- 7130619 TI - Effect of 2-mercaptoethanol on pH gradients in isoelectric focusing. AB - When hydrophobic samples, or membrane proteins, are disaggregated in buffers containing detergents (e.g. Nonidet P-40), urea and 2-mercaptoethanol, and applied at the cathodic end of a gel cylinder or slab for isoelectric separation, as routinely performed for two-dimensional techniques, a severe disturbance of the alkaline region of the pH gradient ensues. This phenomenon has been attributed to high protein loads, which supposedly overcome the buffering power of isoelectric carrier ampholytes. On the contrary, in the present study it has been found that this suppression of the alkaline end of the pH gradient is due to 2-mercaptoethanol, which is a buffer with pK 9.5. This compound ionizes at the basic gel end and is driven electrophoretically along the pH gradient, sweeping away, along its path, the focused carrier ampholytes. PMID- 7130621 TI - Design and characterization of electrochromic membrane probes. AB - Electrochronic membrane probes display a spectroscopic response to membrane potential by a direct electronic mechanism. This allows such probes to be designed a priori via quantum-chemical techniques. The detailed behavior of potentiometric optical probes can be elucidated with an apparatus based on phase sensitive detection from a hemispherical lipid bilayer; several different types of response spectra can be obtained with this apparatus allowing distinction between the electrochromic mechanism and the more common molecular-motion based mechanisms. The development of 'fast' potentiometric dyes has now reached a stage where practical and exciting applications are rapidly appearing. It is anticipated that the emergence of a complementary set of electrochromic probes will lead to new applications; in particular, it may be possible to elucidate the molecular events which underlie biological or physiological phenomena. PMID- 7130620 TI - Purification of human liver glycoprotein sialyltransferase by affinity chromatography. AB - A simple procedure has been developed for purifying solubilized human liver glycoprotein sialyltransferase (EC 2.4.99.1) 16000-fold in 4-5% yield. The procedure involves two centrifugation steps, affinity chromatography of the ultrasupernatant fluid on cytidine diphosphate-hexanolamine-agarose followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-150. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) indicated that the purified sialyltransferase preparation contains approximately equivalent amounts of three protein bands (with apparent molecular weights of 61000, 63000 and 70000) and is highly purified if not homogeneous. PMID- 7130622 TI - Electroimmunoprecipitation in agarose gels: correlation between electroendosmosis and buffer pH. PMID- 7130624 TI - A method of adapting the Mamiya RB67 camera body for use on the Reichert Univar photomicroscope. PMID- 7130623 TI - To train or not to train? PMID- 7130625 TI - An inexpensive teleprompt. PMID- 7130626 TI - Kirlian photography--an appraisal. PMID- 7130627 TI - Copyright and the medical photographer: a personal view. PMID- 7130628 TI - [Static circular perimetry in open-angle glaucoma]. PMID- 7130629 TI - [Value and complications of immunosuppressive therapy in uveitis of Behcet's disease or of other etiology. Apropos of 40 cases]. PMID- 7130630 TI - [Changes in refraction after intravitreal silicone oil injections]. PMID- 7130631 TI - [Pars plana lensectomy. I - Short- and medium-term results]. PMID- 7130632 TI - [Pars plana lensectomy II - Short- and long-term complications]. AB - Pars plana lensectomies or membranulectomies were performed on 67 eyes with posterior capsule removal in every case, with follow-up of 60 eyes for more than 3 months (mean: 18 months). No peroperative or early postoperative complication was specifically related to the procedure employed. Irvine's syndromes and retinal detachments were the two most severe late complications. Four of the 5 Irvine's syndromes occurred after a membranulectomy and this encouraged systematic removal of the posterior capsule, knowing the risk of postoperative opacification; 3 of these 5 eyes, in fact, had a final visual acuity better than 6/10. Four of the 5 retinal detachments occurred after traumatic cataract removal, 2 of them associated with intraocular foreign body and 1 with penetrating injury. Retinal detachment prophylaxis in these high risk eyes should be based above all on systematic vitrectomy at the end of the lensectomy, and therefore the pars plana approach must be used. The pars plana approach for cataracts and membranules is effective and reasonably safe at the present time. PMID- 7130634 TI - [Pupil and ocular motility in coma]. PMID- 7130633 TI - [A rare oculo-auriculo-cutaneous syndrome (Burns' syndrome)]. PMID- 7130635 TI - [Pupillary motility and eye-wash test]. PMID- 7130636 TI - Race, age and cancer incidence: a test of double jeopardy. AB - One form of the double jeopardy hypothesis states that health declines more dramatically with age for blacks than it does for whites. This paper tests the hypothesis for black and white differences by age in cancer incidence rates. Age specific incidence rates for 14 major cancer sites were compared in black and white, male and female populations in Detroit. Rates were based on 57,275 invasive cancer cases, diagnosed between 1973 and 1978, and drawn from the Michigan Cancer Foundation Registry, a member of the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program. For men, differences between blacks and whites for most sites dissipate with age, reflecting a leveling trend. For women, there is no consistent trend for most sites. Double jeopardy is reflected in rates for cervical cancer. Public health programs should be targeted to elderly black women for cervical cancer screening and to middle-aged black men for multiphasic cancer prevention services. PMID- 7130637 TI - The influence of aging on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). AB - Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was used as a marker of transient increases in plasma glucose over the preceding 8 to 12 weeks in 48 nondiabetics between the ages of 50 and 89 years. A major finding is the lack of any significant differences in fasting plasma glucose with age, whereas HbA1c differed significantly between the age groups 50 to 69, 70 to 79, and 80 to 89 years. The lowest values, 6.9 +/- .48%, were found among the youngest age group, whereas the highest, 8.62 +/- .28%, were found in those 80 to 89 years of age. PMID- 7130638 TI - A histopathological survey of aged Praomys (mastomys) natalensis. AB - This histopathological study shows that Mastomys develops a wide variety of neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions with age. In comparing neoplastic lesions of Mastomys with those generally found in mice and rats, Mastomys is more or less unique with respect to the development of lymphoepithelial thymomas (40%), parathyroid adenomas (11%), prostatic adenocarcinomas (5%), and gastric carcinoids (4%) and the absence of brain, lung, and mammary tumors. Of the nonneoplastic lesions, prostatic (38%), thymic (12%) and parathyroid (11%) hyperplasia, and moderate to severe generalized degenerative joint disease (96%) occur rarely in mice and rats. Within the limits of this study, in which the age of the animals ranged from 18 to 39 months, a clear-cut age-related pattern was seldom found for most of the lesions occurring in Mastomys. PMID- 7130639 TI - Influence of disulfide-reducing agents on fractionation of the chromatin complex by endogenous nucleases and deoxyribonuclease I in aging mice. AB - Age-related alterations in chromatin were evaluated by a fractionation procedure involving limited digestion of liver cell nuclei from young adult and old mice with endogenous nucleases and deoxyribonuclease I. The results suggest that in the chromatin the bulk of the nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) may be folded or compacted into domains or loops and associated at a few points with a nuclear protein skeleton structure represented by the final pellet fraction which is resistant to deoxyribonuclease I. Disulfide bonds appear to play a role in the linkage of regions of DNA with this nuclear protein skeleton structure. The amount of DNA that could be released from the pellet fraction by disulfide reducing agents was significantly greater with old than with young adult mice. In addition, the amount of chromatin material released into the first soluble fraction decreased and that in the second soluble fraction increased with age. Treatment of the nuclei with disulfide-reducing agents did not correct this particular age-related change. Previous results had shown a similar alteration with age of chromatin subjected to digestion by micrococcal nuclease. The combined results suggest the existence of a supranucleosomal alteration in chromatin structure during aging. PMID- 7130640 TI - Regenerating liver in aged rats produces unaltered phosphoglycerate kinase. AB - Pure phosphoglycerate kinase from old rat liver shows altered properties. However, when old animals are partially hepatectomized, the regenerating liver produces the "young" form of the enzyme. By 4 or 5 days after hepatectomy, the enzyme once again becomes "old" in its properties. The results are interpreted as showing that normal enzyme is produced that becomes post-synthetically modified. This interpretation agrees with the idea that in old animals, "young" enzymes become conformationally modified, perhaps because of a slowing of protein turnover. PMID- 7130641 TI - Effect of cold exposure on thyroid hormone in Fischer 344 rats of increasing age. AB - Male rats aged 6 weeks, 6 months, and 18 months were kept at 4 to 5 degrees C for 12 days and compared with age-matched controls at room temperature as to survival, weight change, food consumption, core body temperature, and several parameters of thyroid hormone economy. After 12 days in the cold, 14%, 50%, and 71% of 6-week-, 6-month-, and 18-month-old rats, respectively, were living. Weight declined in both older groups, though at a faster rate in the oldest. Increasing age did not affect serum T3, rT3, TSH, or the ability to convert T4 to T3 by 20% liver homogenate. Cold exposure, however, resulted in an increase in serum T3 and a decrease in T4 to T3 conversion by liver homogenate in a similar magnitude both in mature and early senescent rats. PMID- 7130642 TI - Aging and metamemory: the roles of relatedness and imagery. AB - The hypothesis that age deficits in long-term episodic memory tasks are due to imparied metamemorial skills was investigated in a paired-associate task that required participants to predict the likelihood of recalling individual items. Both young and old adults were able to predict their ability to recall, and both age groups were equally sensitive to the effects of differences in the degree of relatedness between word-pair members on subsequent recall. However, both old and young adults were insensitive to the beneficial effects of using interactive imagery at encoding. It was concluded that differences in metamemorial skills are not responsible for age differences in memory. PMID- 7130643 TI - Expectancy for events in old age: stimulus sequence effects on P300 and reaction time. AB - Event-related brain potentials were collected from 10 young (M = 22 years) and 10 elderly (M = 77 years) women. Stimuli were random sequences of 1000- and 1500-Hz tone pips in a two alternative, forced choice, reaction time task. Trials were sorted and averaged according to the sequence of the preceding four tones: continuations of repetitions (AAAAA) and alternations (ABABA) and discontinuations of repetitions (BBBBA) and alternations (BABAA). For both groups the P300 component of the event-related brain elicited larger P300s than did discontinuations of alternations, an effect especially large for the elderly women. Mean reaction time did not differ between the two groups, although P300 latencies were significantly longer for the elderly group. Results are discussed in terms of age-related differences in response strategies and sensitivity of P300 latency to response strategy. PMID- 7130644 TI - Age and temporal resolution in color vision: When do red and green make yellow? AB - The ability to temporally resolve color stimuli was compared in young and old adults. Stimuli consisted of pairs of brief green and red flashes separated by six levels of interstimulus interval and presented at two different luminance levels. Integration of the color pairs to produce reports of yellow decreased significantly with increasing interstimulus interval, particularly for the younger group. This difference remained when the age-related loss in retinal illumination was compensated by increased stimulus luminance. These data indicate a decline with age in temporal resolution in color vision. Further, they suggest that age differences in temporal resolution can be more appropriately attributed to age-related differences in visual/neural mechanisms than to changes in the ocular media or photoreceptor activity. PMID- 7130646 TI - Explicating activity theory: a formal replication. AB - The principal intent of this paper is to replicate formally the work of Lemon, Bengtson, and Peterson (1972), the first researchers to carefully articulate a systematic statement of the activity theory of aging, but whose test of the theory resulted in disappointing ambiguous findings. Probability samples of three distinct types of retirement communities (N = 1209) provided far greater variation in background variables than existed in the original study. Behaviorally based activity scales were drawn from daily activity inventories rather than the single-item ordinal measures of activity items used in the original research. Multiple Classification Analysis was employed to sort out the effects of each activity type from the others and from the effects of age, gender, and health upon life satisfaction. Different from the results of Lemon, Bengtson, and Peterson, our findings, although mixed, lend strong support to the activity theory of aging. Informal activity contributed positively, strongly, and frequently to the life satisfaction of respondents. Solitary activities had no effect on life satisfaction. Formal activity had a negative effect. All activity effects were similar in the three communities. The implications of these findings for activity theory are discussed at length. PMID- 7130645 TI - Stimulus generalization of lifted weights in older and younger women. AB - Older (62 to 86 years) and younger (17 to 30 years) women were essentially similar in acquisition of weight discriminations and in generalized responding to a range of weights during postdiscrimination tests. In both age groups, acquisition was facilitated by increases in the difference between the positive and negative stimuli, and postdiscrimination gradients were displaced away from the value of the negative stimulus, particularly when it was the heavier of the training pair. The finding from personality test scores that the older women were more introverted than the younger ones, together with the absence of age differences in acquisition and generalization, does not support the Eysenck-Gray hypothesis that introversion influences conditioning processes. The results do suggest that basic conditioning processes are maintained with increasing age in healthy older adults. PMID- 7130647 TI - Self-conception and life satisfaction: integrating aged subculture and activity theory. AB - This study seeks to expand the traditional activity theory explanation of adjustment to aging by integrating it with the aged subculture theory advanced by Rose. A path model is developed that adds self-conception to social activity, social adequacy, and other predictors of life satisfaction. This model is applied, using an analysis of covariance structures approach, to data from two subsamples of older adults from a national Harris survey. As a result of this analysis, self-conception is shown to be an important intervening variable between social activity and life satisfaction, especially for the subsample of older people who prefer to spend time with others their own age. Finally, a symbolic interactionist perspective is suggested for understanding the importance of self-conception in the process of successful aging. PMID- 7130649 TI - Indirect modernization and the status of the elderly in a rural Third World setting. AB - Currently the majority of the world's elderly reside in less developed countries and their proportion is increasing. This paper presents evidence that the process of modernization can have a negative impact on the elderly in even the most remote rural Third World settings, even though those settings are not modernized or in the process of modernization in any of the normal uses of that concept. Fieldwork was conducted in Helambu, Nepal on a sample of 37 persons over the age of 50 that included 86% of population aged 60 and over. Despite high levels of activity, health, social and economic status, the elderly were greatly dissatisfied with their situation. The paper demonstrates the manner in which modernization in India has profoundly changed household/family organization in Helambu and produced this situation. PMID- 7130648 TI - Predictors of retirement. AB - Predictors of retirement among men were analyzed using data from seven longitudinal studies, multiple definitions of retirement, multivariate analyses, and unbiased statistical techniques. Results show that the predictors of retirement vary depending on how retirement is defined. The strongest predictors of objective retirement among men over age 65 (i.e., employed less than full-time and receiving a pension) are structural factors such as socioeconomic status and job characteristics. The strongest predictors of early retirement (i.e., retiring before age 65) and of age at retirement include both structural factors and subjective factors, characteristics are more important predictors than all the others combined. PMID- 7130651 TI - Arterial supply of ligaments of the metacarpophalangeal joints. PMID- 7130650 TI - Nutrient pathways of flexor tendons in primates. AB - The perfusion and diffusion pathways to the flexor profundus tendons of 40 monkeys were investigated by measuring the uptake of tritiated proline by various tendon segments. In the absence of all vascular connections, the process of diffusion provides nutrients to all areas of flexor tendon and in this study the process of diffusion was greater. The distal segment of tendon was observed to be profused most rapidly. The proximal tendon segment is perfused from both the muscular-tendinous junction and the vinculum longus; vincular segment perfusion is via the vinculum longus vessels alone; central segment perfusion is shared by the vinculum longus and vinculum brevis vasculature. The distal segment uptake is by both the process of diffusion or vinculum brevis perfusion. The osseous attachment at the distal phalanx contributes little to tendon nutrition. PMID- 7130652 TI - Pathological anatomy of the hands in Apert's syndrome. PMID- 7130653 TI - Composite toe (phalanx and epiphysis) transfers in the reconstruction of the aphalangic hand. AB - Twenty children with ectrodactyly have had 36 digits reconstructed with toe phalanges inserted into the existing soft tissue finger pouches or pouches constructed with local tissue. Care is taken to preserve the periosteum, epiphyseal plate, and collateral ligaments of the transfers. No surgical microvascular anastomoses are performed, and the entire procedure takes less than 30 minutes. Epiphyseal patency rates in children with a mean follow-up of 3.4 years and a median of 4 years are 90% for those operated on at 6 months to 1 1/2 years of age, 67% in those operated on at 1 1/2 to 5 years, and 50% in children operated on at 5 to 13 years of age. Radiographic growth measurements show average growths greater than 90% of the expected growth based on measurements of the contralateral donor phalanx for all transfers with open epiphyses. These reconstructed digits provide fingers that are sensate, capable of pinch and grasp, and able to tolerate heavy use. PMID- 7130654 TI - Central polydactyly--a review of 12 cases and their surgical treatment. PMID- 7130655 TI - Ulnar dimelia--a limb without anteroposterior differentiation. AB - A case of ulnar dimelia with radial aplasia and polydactyly and the main features of its treatment are described. I believe that this abnormality results from impairment of the mechanisms responsible for organization and differentiation of the limb bud in the anteroposterior direction. This deformity is not the result of duplication of any of the parts of the limb, either compensatory or because of a primary duplicated limb field. The anomaly should be called "anteroposteriorly undifferentiated limb with polydactylism" because the long bones in the forearm are probably not ulnae. Similarities exist between the human condition and certain mutations that appear from time to time in chickens, in which a primary mesodermal defect has been found to be at fault. PMID- 7130656 TI - Open treatment of fingertip injuries in adults. PMID- 7130658 TI - Reversed cross-finger subcutaneous flap. PMID- 7130657 TI - Pisiform area pain treatment by pisiform excision. AB - Thirty-three patients with pisiform area pain have been treated. Of these, the pisiform bone was excised in 21 patients who had intractable pisiform bone pain that was not relieved by the conservative methods of immobilization, local steroid injection, and anti-inflammatory medication. The indications for excision were painful union or nonunion of pisiform fractures, pisiform-triquetrial arthritis, and tendonitis of the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) insertion. Wrist strength and mobility was maintained by doing a subperiosteal dissection and removal of the pisiform bone. This technique preserves the insertion of the FCU tendon and its distal extension, the piso hamate and the piso metacarpal ligaments. PMID- 7130659 TI - Wrist involvement in rheumatoid swan-neck deformity. AB - Two observations have led to the consideration of another possible factor in the etiology of rheumatoid swan-neck deformity. Distraction of the rheumatoid wrist with correctable carpal collapse and reversible swan-neck deformities resulted in easier initiation of proximal interphalangeal joint flexion, not found in hands with boutonniere deformity or lack of deformity. Review of x-rays of rheumatoid patients with swan-neck deformity indicates that most have evidence of carpal collapse. With carpal collapse and proximal migration of the carpal-hand unit, long or extrinsic motor systems are no longer working at physiological length or optimal efficiency. An imbalance is created, resulting, in effect, in an "extrinsic-minus" phenomena and swan-neck finger deformity. PMID- 7130660 TI - Vascularized fibular graft for infected loss of the ulna: case report. PMID- 7130661 TI - Complications of distal radial fractures: pins and plaster treatment. AB - Recent advances in the treatment of comminuted distal radial fractures has led to the use of pins and plaster, a concept described by many authors. This paper examines whether the use of pins and plaster maintains reduction of distal comminuted radial fractures, and, if so, if it is accomplished with a minimum of complications. With follow-up ranging from 1 month to 1 year following pin removal, 80 consecutive comminuted distal radial fractures treated with pins and plaster were analyzed for change in fracture reduction, associated injuries, and complications incurred during and as a result of the treatment mode. Thirty-three percent of our patients had some complications due to their pins and 16% required reoperation for carpal tunnel syndrome or replacement of loose pins, sequestrectomy, or extended treatment in long arm casts. PMID- 7130663 TI - Irreducible palmar dislocation of the proximal phalanx of the thumb--case report. PMID- 7130662 TI - Palmaris profundus--rare anomalous muscle. PMID- 7130664 TI - Two cases of Kimura's disease in the hand--case report. PMID- 7130665 TI - Acute gonococcal flexor tenosynovitis in a woman with asymptomatic gonorrhea- case report and literature review. PMID- 7130666 TI - Sandblasting injury of the hand. PMID- 7130667 TI - Avulsion-fracture at the proximal attachment of the radial collateral ligament of the fifth metacarpophalangeal joint--a case report. PMID- 7130668 TI - Scanning microdensitometry of objects small relative to the wavelength of light. AB - Diffraction effects may have to be taken into account in microdensitometry when dealing with relatively dark specimens even an order of magnitude larger than the wavelength of light, and become progressively more important with smaller objects. According to geometrical optical theory, when scanning across the straight edge of a uniformly absorbing, semi-infinite object the distribution error per scan line is directly proportional to the diameter of the measuring spot. Diffraction theory predicts similar results for measuring-spots larger than about 3 times the wavelength of light, but a significant error per scan line with very small or even infinitesimal measuring-spots. Diffraction theory further indicates that point absorbance measurements can be 95 + % accurate in the centers of 6.25, 2.5, and 2.0 microns diameter disks with absorbances respectively up to about 1.0, 0.39, and 0.25, but that this accuracy is unattainable with any object less than 1.25 microns in diameter. Scanning, integrating absorbance measurements are of somewhat lower accuracy than central point measurements with relatively large objects, e.g., they are only about 89% accurate with a 6 micron diameter object of absorbance 1.0. With very small objects, diffraction theory shows distribution error to be almost independent of the size of the scanning spot, and with an object of less than about 0.125 micron diameter the apparent integrated absorbance predicted by diffraction theory is effectively identical with that predicted by geometrical theory for an infinitesimal object scanned with a finite measuring-spot, i.e., it is the product of the object area and 0.4343 (1-It), where It is the true transmission. Scanning microdensitometry of objects of very low true absorbance is effectively free from distribution error. In practice, distribution error can be reduced by using an off-peak wavelength, by reducing the area illuminated, and by routine measurement and offsetting of apparent glare (some of which is actually due to diffraction). Little or nothing is to be gained by using a measuring-spot smaller than about one-quarter the wavelength of light. PMID- 7130671 TI - Kinetic behavior of membrane-bound, irreversible enzyme systems: experimental and theoretical considerations. PMID- 7130670 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of actin in the pancreatic exocrine cell. AB - Immunoreactive actin molecules have been localized in pancreatic acinar cells by the protein A-gold technique. The labeling was found at the level of the filamentous cell web, and in close association with the Golgi cisternae, condensing vacuoles, and zymogen granules delimiting membranes as well as with the plasma membrane. A weak labeling was also present over the dense content of the zymogen granules. The association of actin with different membranes implicates that contractile proteins might constitute structural membrane proteins and, thus, might play an important role in protein secretion. PMID- 7130669 TI - Autoradiographic localization of steroid binding in human tissue labeled in vitro. AB - A procedure for the rapid preparation of autoradiograms from tissues incubated in vitro with 3H-estradiol is described. Slices of tissue were incubated in culture medium containing 17 nM 3H-estradiol, washed to remove unbound steroid, then processed for thaw-mount autoradiography. Exposure times were generally 3 to 4 weeks. Simultaneous in vitro competition with unlabeled progesterone, dihydrotestosterone, or hydrocortisone had no effect on the distribution or intensity of exposed silver grains, while competition with unlabeled estradiol or moxestrol abolished nuclear localization of silver grains. The exchange of labeled estradiol for bound endogenous estradiol during in vitro incubation of the tissues was demonstrated by a comparison of the pattern of incorporation of 3H-estradiol in tissues previously treated in vivo with unlabeled estradiol versus those not primed. A similar distribution and intensity of silver grains was observed in both the treated and untreated tissue groups. The rationale for the advantages of in vitro steroid autoradiography versus the in vivo technique is discussed. PMID- 7130672 TI - Comparative distribution of laminin, type IV collagen, and fibronectin in the rat glomerulus. AB - The distribution of laminin, type IV collagen, and fibronectin was investigated in the rat kidney cortex by immunolabeling. It was demonstrated by immunofluorescence on both unfixed cryostat sections and fixed ultracryomicrotome sections, by immunoperoxidase on fixed cryostat sections, and by immunoferritin on isolated glomerular basement membranes (GBM). This multifaceted approach provided complementary and convergent results. Distinct patterns were found for each antigen in the glomerulus and remaining kidney cortex. Laminin was localized predominantly in the GBM, where it was concentrated in the laminae rarae. Staining also occurred to a lesser extent in the mesangial matrix. Type IV collagen was evenly distributed in the lamina densa of the GBM and in the mesangial matrix. Fibronectin was most abundant in the mesangial matrix, but it could also be detected in the peripheral GBM, where it was localized in the laminae rarae. Labeling for fibronectin was particularly prominent at the endothelial-mesangial interface. The findings indicate that the three layers of the GBM differ in their composition: The lamina densa contains type IV collagen and the laminae rarae contain the two attachment proteins, fibronectin and laminin. The mesangial matrix stains for all three antigens, but it is also heterogeneous and can be subdivided into several domains--i.e., the endothelial mesangial matrix, which is particularly rich in fibronectin, the intermesangial matrix, which contains mainly type IV collagen and fibronectin, and the GBM (where it continues over the mesangial regions), which stains most heavily for laminin. PMID- 7130676 TI - Exact cortical extent of the origin of the corticospinal tract (CST) and the quantitative contribution to the CST in different cytoarchitectonic areas. A study with horseradish peroxidase in the monkey. AB - The complete cortical extent of the origin of the corticospinal tract (CST) and the quantitative contribution to the CST of different cytoarchitectonic areas were established, using the technique of retrograde labeling with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the monkey. HRP was applied to the transected stump of the cut CST at the level of the first segment of the cervical spinal cord (Cl). Labeled cells were plotted on the projection drawings of every 10th frontal sections and reconstructed on the cortical surface of the hemisphere. The CST cortex occupied the upper two thirds of Brodmann's areas 6, 4, 3, and 1-2 combined. It also covered completely areas 5, 31, and 32, as well as, a part of areas 7 (the parietal operculum) and insula. These areas included not only the entire cortical fields corresponding to the limbs and trank representations of the precentral motor (MI), supplementary motor (MII), primary somatosensory (SI), and the second somatic sensory (SII) areas, but expanded more widely than the delimitation for the CST cortex by the earlier studies. The contralateral and ipsilateral hemispheres contained 74,710 and 3,130 CST cells respectively. Area 4 on the contralateral hemisphere contained about a half (50.8%) of the total CST cells, and 79.0% of CST cells of both hemispheres was located in the cortex anterior to the central sulcus (MI and MII); area 6 (11.9%), area 4 (51.6%), area 3 a (5.9%), area 32 (9.6%). Remaining 18.1% of CST cells occurred in the postcentral areas (SI); area 3 b (2.6%), area 1-2 (4.4%), area 5 (8.8%), area 31 (2.3%). Area 7 and insula (SII) contained only 3% of CST cells. About an half of CST cells resided in the sulcal cortex. Earlier findings on the CST cells were also confirmed, i.e., the CST cells are located exclusively in the deeper portion of the cortical layer 5, are distributed in a cluster, and are all pyramidal shape of various sizes. Soma diameters of labeled CST cells were determined, and the size distribution in each area revealed that the large-sized CST cells were located only in areas 4 and 3 a. Areas 6, 3 b, 32, 31, and insula contained only the small-sized CST cells, and other areas contained the small and medium types. To determine the origin of the total fibers contained in the pyramidal tract (PT), HRP was also applied to the cut stump of the PT at the level of the upper most medullar pyramid. The results are discussed in comparison with the findings on the CST system. PMID- 7130675 TI - A Golgi study on neuronal morphology of the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus of the lizard. AB - The architecture and cellular morphology of the ventral geniculate nucleus (vLGN) of Lacerta sicula (Rafinesque) were investigated by means of classical neuroanatomical methods (Bodian, Kluver-Barrera, Cresyl-violet, and rapid Golgi impregnation). The vLGN of L. sicula is located in the laterodorsal portion of the diencephalon throughout the ventral thalamus. It appears sickle-shaped in cross section and contains a) a lateral neuropil, close to the marginal optic tract; b) a medial cell plate and c) an internal neuropil. Golgi preparations show a diffuse population of multipolar, "tufted" and bipolar neurons together with scattered glial cells in the lateral neuropil of vLGN. In the cell plate, two or three rows of cells of medium size, largely corresponding to the so called "cellule a doppio pennacchio" (Beccari, 1923) are found. These cells are endowed with two dendritic trunks, extending respectively into the internal neuropil and toward the optic tract. This latter process shows a quite complex arborization, closely intermingling with the retinal fibres arising from the marginal optic tract. The axons of these cells contribute to the fasciculus geniculatus descendens, the main efferent system of the vLGN. PMID- 7130674 TI - Use of lectins for detection of glycoconjugates in the glandular cells of the human bronchial mucosa. AB - Paraffin-embedded human bronchial biopsies, obtained in macroscopically healthy areas, were examined using nine peroxidase-bound lectins. These were either isolated or purified by affinity column chromatography (Ulex europeus, Triticum vulgare, Glycine max, and Arachis hypogatea lectins) or commercial preparations (Lotus tetragonolobus, Canavalia ensiformis, Helix pomatia, Phaseolus vulgaris, and Lens culinaris lectins) and conjugated to peroxidase (except for concanavalin A). These labeled lectins were used as specific molecular probes to localize differences in carbohydrate-containing components present in the different types of glandular cells of human bronchial mucosa. The choice of fixative was crucial and tests used for this study have shown that Carnoy's solution seems to be the most appropriate solution to preserve mucous glycoproteins in situ. Comparison of the affinity of several lectins for human bronchial glycoproteins and for bronchial mucosa demonstrates the predominance of serum-type glycoproteins in serous cells of the submucosal glands and mucin-type glycoproteins in mucous cells of the submucosal glands and in goblet cells of the bronchial epithelium. Furthermore the data obtained with some lectins, such as Helix pomatia agglutinin, suggest that there are some differences in the mucins synthesized by goblet cells and by mucous cells. PMID- 7130673 TI - Immunoelectron microscopic localization of immunoglobulins and complement in human renal glomeruli. AB - A study was undertaken to evaluate some processing variables affecting the immunoelectron microscopic demonstration of immunoglobulins and complement (C3) in human glomeruli. Percutaneous biopsies were performed on 28 patients with various types of glomerulonephritis. Light microscopic, electron microscopic, and immunofluorescence examinations were performed by routine methods. For immunoelectron microscopy, fixation in paraformaldehyde (PA) or periodate-lysine paraformaldehyde (PLP) was used. With the diffusion technique, using tissue chopper or cryostat sections, human immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgA, IgM, and C3 were localized in glomeruli with peroxidase-labeled antisera. Using PLP and the tissue chopper sections, good ultrastructure was achieved. The antigens could be demonstrated in intramembranous, subepithelial, subendothelial, or mesangial immune deposits. Penetration of antibodies and quality of peroxidase reaction in the cryostat sections did not differ from that of the tissue chopper sections. Freezing and thawing, however, resulted in inferior morphology. If PA was used, the antigens could not be reliably demonstrated. The results of light microscopy, electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence microscopy were in good agreement with those from the immunoperoxidase procedure. The present study shows that PLP preserves well the antigenicity of human immunoglobulins and C3, resulting in good ultrastructure. PA fixation, on the contrary, caused a loss of antigenicity before an adequate ultrastructure could be achieved. PMID- 7130677 TI - Correlation between the morpho-functional organization of some portions of the visual analyser of chelonia and their ecology: I. Normal morpho-functional characteristics of the optic nerve and the tectum opticum. AB - Several methods (light optic, electron microscope and electrophysiological) were used to study the optic nerve and the tectum opticum of water turtles (two species) and of land tortoises (two species). As the result of study of the two levels of the visual analyser in four species of Chelonia three groups of signs of the morpho-functional organization were distinguished: signs common for the Chelonia under study; ecologically specific signs--common for water turtles and species-specific traits which are--different in species of the same ecological group. Specific features of structural-functional organization of the visually directed behaviour in Chelonia at the neuronal populations level were shown to correlate with the ecological features to a greater degree than with the systematic position of the species. PMID- 7130678 TI - Modified growth cones in mouse neuroblastoma cultures; an electron microscopic study. AB - Growth cones of differentiated neuroblastoma cells in monolayer cultures were studied by electron microscopy. Morphological differentiation of the growth cone formation was induced by sodium bromide. Upon prolonged application of 10(-4) to 10(-5) M sodium bromide to the cultures, a peculiar or modified formation of the growth cone occurred. Growth cones lengthened gradually. The ultrastructure of the growth cone in contrast to the control was typified by a round to oval structure, midway being electron-dense and carrying laterally denser cytoplasmic protrusions. Bundles of microtubules, aggregates of many dense-cored vesicles, 70 150 nm in diameter, a few less electron-dense, as well as some agranular vesicles were present. Comparing the findings with previous ultrastructural accounts of growth cones of cultured ganglion cells or neuroblastoma cells, differences outnumbered similarities. The organization of the microtubule bundles and the abundance of dense-cored vesicles, sometimes extending distally was remarkable. The presence of an electron-dense substance, of unknown origin, extending laterally with the cytoplasmic protrusions has not been describe as yet. PMID- 7130679 TI - Significance of glycosidases in myelin-lipid metabolism. I. Studies in diencephalon of fresh water turtle (Lissemys punctata granosa). AB - The contribution deals with functional significance of glycosidases in myelin lipid metabolism. Glycosidases (beta-galactosidase, beta-glucosidase and beta glucuronidase), in diencephalon of turtle, are observed in the myelinated fibers of tractus opticus and dorsal and ventral peduncles of lateral fore-brain bundles. Further, phospholipids preparations of this area have represented mirror image of glycosidases, suggesting role of these enzymes in its metabolism. Glycolipids concentration in myelin is also very high, further, suggesting the role of glycosidases in their degradation. The enzymatic activity in cellular elements is quite poor and same is also true with phospholipids. PMID- 7130680 TI - [A rare variation of the origin of the posterior cerebral artery (a. occipitalis lateralis from the internal carotid artery]. AB - A rare condition of the origin of the lateral occipital artery is described. The artery arises from the internal carotid artery and gives off cortical branches and central branches. From the A. occipitalis medialis origin from the arterial circle, central and cortical branches arises too. The caliber of the branches and the side of origin are discussed with other results from normal brains and our knowledges of the genesis of the cerebral arteries. PMID- 7130682 TI - Cytoarchitectural and dendritic patterns of the dorsal column nuclei of the opossum. AB - Cytoarchitectural and dendritic patterns of dorsal column nuclei of the opossum, Didelphis marsupialis virginiana, were studied with Nissl and Golgi preparations. Two basic cell types, round cells and irregular cells, are found. Round cells have a large, round cell body (20-30 mu) with a distinct nucleolus in the nucleus. The cytoplasm is fine, evenly dispersed Nissl material with occasional tigroid bodies. Irregular cells have triangular, multipolar or fusiform cell bodies (8-10 mu) with indistinct nucleus and nucleolus. Three cellular regions differentiate the rostrocaudal axis of the nucleus cuneatus: (1) rostral region (2) obex region and (3) caudal region. These regions are distinguishable on the basis of round cell arrangements, total cell populations, and round cell to irregular cell ratios. In contrast, two cytoarchitecturally distinct regions occur along the rostrocaudal region of the nucleus gracilis: (1) a rostral region and (2) a caudal region. Round cells have a sparse dendritic arrangement of a multiplanar, radiate type. Round cells forming small clusters are arranged as if on the surface of an imaginary sphere with at least one dendrite from each cell radiating toward the center of this sphere. Only fusiform irregular cells were observed with Golgi stains and their cell bodies exhibited a polar, radiating dendritic pattern. Dense dendritic arborizations are observed in the obex region of both gracile and cuneate nuclei. PMID- 7130681 TI - Postnatal maturation of the ipsilateral optic tract in pigmented and albino mice. AB - After unilateral enucleation, degenerating axons in the ipsilateral optic tract of conventionally reared and dark-reared albino and pigmented mice were revealed by Fink-Heimer staining. The total number and the spatial distribution within the optic tract of these axons was found to be influenced by both pigmentation and by visual deprivation. The results are discussed in terms of delayed maturation of the optic tract contingent upon visual deprivation or anomalous ocular pigmentation. PMID- 7130683 TI - An electron microscopic study of myelination of pyramidal fibres at the level of the pyramidal decussation in the human fetus. AB - The ultrastructure of pyramidal fibres at the level of the pyramidal decussation was studied in a 23 week-old human fetus (220 mm. C.-R.). It was found that the fibres are mainly unmyelinated. However, well-myelinated fibres were scattered above the pyramidal decussation and they were also present below the decussation in both the anterior and the lateral corticospinal tract. Within the tracts, well differentiated glial cells were observed. PMID- 7130684 TI - Working together: the National Association of Gay Alcoholism Professionals. AB - This article briefly describes the formation of the National Association of Gay Alcoholism Professionals (NAGAP). It then discusses the need for education, information, and advocacy that prompted the development of NAGAP's goals. There are four primary goals: (1) creating and fostering a network for support and communication among gay and lesbian alcoholism professionals; (2) educating those who work with gay/lesbian alcoholics; (3) raising the gay and lesbian communities' consciousness about alcoholism; and (4) improving treatment for gay/lesbian alcoholics, partly through advocacy. NAGAP's ultimate goal is to serve as a national "voice of conscience for the whole alcoholism field." PMID- 7130685 TI - Who should be doing what about the gay alcoholic? PMID- 7130686 TI - Alcoholism and the homosexual community. PMID- 7130688 TI - Counseling the homosexual alcoholic. PMID- 7130687 TI - The ties that bind: strategies for counseling the gay male co-alcoholic. AB - Within the gay male subculture, strong pressures strengthen the ties between the gay male alcoholic and emotionally significant other persons in his life. This article is an attempt to describe a theoretical model for viewing co-addiction with a more specific discussion of how this model applies to gay male relationships. The brief theoretical discussion is followed by a discussion of common presenting complaints of gay co-alcoholics and a more detailed treatment of counseling strategies, from initial contact to participation in support programs, that have proven effective in an outpatient setting. PMID- 7130691 TI - Alcoholics Anonymous and the gay alcoholic. PMID- 7130690 TI - A gay-identified alcohol treatment program: a follow-up study. PMID- 7130689 TI - Specific approaches and techniques in the treatment of gay male alcohol abusers. AB - An extended discussion of specific therapeutic approaches and techniques with homosexual male alcohol abusers, including dealing with low self-esteem, sober sex, getting high, getting "far out" sexually, double lives, second rate relationships, social bonding, and aging. In this paper, the bias of treatment approaches is toward individualized, interpersonal, holistic eclecticism: a combination of responsibility building therapy, awareness therapy, medical and neurophysiological approaches, strategic therapy, utilization of altered states of consciousness, and attitudinal change therapy. PMID- 7130692 TI - Preventing alcohol abuse in the gay community: toward a theory and model. AB - Urban gay communities present unique populations for a comprehensive prevention program. They are well defined, bounded communities with rapid internal communication, can be considered "at risk" for alcoholism, and are traditionally "underserved" for prevention and treatment. Models of alcoholism epidemiology elucidate critical factors relevant to the urban gay population, and indigenous gay organizations afford effective means of implementing a program. The model presented in this paper is based upon current research about successful prevention programs and uses accepted strategies tailored to the specific characteristics of the urban gay community. The basic premise of the model is that community self help is the most effective approach to alcohol and drug abuse prevention. PMID- 7130693 TI - Alcoholism and homosexuality: a theoretical perspective. AB - Although causal relationships between homosexuality and alcoholism have not been established, the myths and assumptions surrounding this issue are numerous. Much of the available literature on the subject is from a psychoanalytic perspective, emphasizing latent homosexuality as a cause of alcoholism. Very little is from the perspective of gay and lesbian populations. This paper analyzes the assumptions underlying the biological and genetic approaches, learning theory, psychoanalytic perspectives, and sociological models as they relate to alcoholism and homosexuality. PMID- 7130694 TI - Stress, symptom proneness, and general adaptational distress during pregnancy. AB - Symptom proneness (SP), the 20 psychiatric items of the Cornell Medical Index, here called the Cornell Psychiatric Items (CPI), and a test developed partially from the Schedule of Recent Experiences called the Utah Stress Scales (STRESS) were used to predict general adaptational distress (GAD) symptoms during pregnancy on a sample of 1306 primigravidas. The causal model explored in seven path analyses developed for months 3-9 of pregnancy is that SP and STRESS affect CPI, and that SP, STRESS, and CPI directly affect GAD symptoms. Results suggest that CPI is most predictive of GAD symptoms until the ninth month when SP and STRESS become more predictive. It is suggested that GAD pregnancy symptoms are affected by situational stress, symptom proneness, and level of psychological upset and that this system of relations changes over the course of pregnancy. This information should have important implications for anticipating potential problems and improving the quality of nursing care of pregnant women. PMID- 7130695 TI - The stress of a family move as a precipitating factor in children's burn accidents. AB - The present study focuses on the stress of a family move as a precipitating factor in children's burn accidents in a group of 330 burned children. Data on the type of burn injury (flame versus scald) and the age and sex of the child were related to the amount and type of family stress which the child and his/her family had experienced. Children in the study sample were found to have moved at approximately three times the rate of children in the general population. It was found that children under five, who were scalded, were more likely to have moved than older children who had sustained a flame burn. A critical period at 2-5 months after the move was identified where the child seemed to be especially vulnerable to burn accidents. Possible explanations for this critical period are suggested. PMID- 7130696 TI - Type A behavior and upper respiratory infections. AB - The present study investigates the relationship between upper respiratory infection (URI) and Type A behavior pattern. Type A and Type B college students completed a health survey which measured both incidence of and response to URI's. Overall, results revealed a pattern indicating that Type A's reported experiencing significantly more URI's than did their Type B counterparts, and that female Type A's reported significantly more frequent URI's than did female type B's. The results were discussed in terms of the Type A's stressful life style increasing his/her susceptibility to viral respiratory disease. The Type A's propensity to minimize or failure to attend to illness symptoms was also discussed. PMID- 7130697 TI - Type A personality as a moderator of the effects of role conflict, role ambiguity and role overload on individual strain. AB - The relations between three types of role stress (role ambiguity, role conflict, role overload) and three measures of individual strain were examined in a sample of 91 middle managers. Separate measures of psychological strain (anxiety, resentment, depression), physical strain (headaches, dizziness, shortage of breath, nausea, fatigue) were developed. In addition, the heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration rate of each subject was assessed. The relations between role conflict and physical strain and between role conflict and psychological strain were significantly positive and higher among Type A personalities than among Type B personalities. The relations between role stress and heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration rate were negligible and were not moderated by personality (Type A or Type B). The results highlight the important role of personality factors in determining how people react to different kinds of stress. PMID- 7130698 TI - Campylobacter enteritis - the first five years. PMID- 7130699 TI - The occurrence of Campylobacter jejuni in dog faeces from a public park. AB - Dog faeces collected from a public park were cultured on selective media for Campylobacter spp. Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from 12 (4.6%) of 260 specimens. In contrast Salmonella spp. were found in only three (1.2%). Six of the 12 isolates were nalidixic acid-resistant thermophilic campylobacters (NARTC), whereas during the same period of study none were found among human isolates. Most of the campylobacter positive faeces were found during June and July. Dog faeces deposited in public places constitute only a small potential source of infection by this organism. PMID- 7130700 TI - Studies on the growth of Vibrio cholerae biotype eltor and biotype classical in foods. AB - The growth of Vibrio cholerae biotype eltor and biotype classical was studied in a range of cooked foods, shellfish and raw vegetables, incubated at 22 degrees, 30 degrees and 37 degrees C. Both biotypes grew in all cooked foods but growth was not demonstrated on raw shellfish. The organism multiplied on some vegetables to levels of the order of 10(6)/g. The classical biotypes of V. cholerae showed a longer lag period than the eltor biotype in some foods particularly when incubated at 22 degrees C. The eltor biotypes reached a higher level in the stationary phase than the classical biotypes. PMID- 7130701 TI - Antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of hospital and non-hospital strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from nasal carriers. AB - The nasal carriage rate of Staphylococcus aureus was significantly higher in hospitalized persons (children, adult females and staff) - 53.8%, - than in similar persons at a local clinic - 29.8% (P less than 0.001) - in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. However, unlike studies carried out elsewhere, a higher proportion of S. aureus strains obtained from persons at the clinic were resistant to commonly used antimicrobial agents than were strains isolated in the hospital. This has been attributed to the ease at which these drugs can be obtained by the general population and used unsupervised and indiscriminately. Methicillin was the most effective antimicrobial agent against pathologic staphylococci (2.2% resistance), followed by erythromycin (16.5% resistance), co-trimaxozole (28.0% resistance), chloramphenicol (76.9% resistance), tetracycline (78.6% resistance) and penicillin and ampicillin (97.8% resistance). The widespread resistance of S. aureus to penicillin and ampicillin (and other antimicrobial agents) is of clinical significance in the treatment of post-operative infections, since carriers are reportedly more prone to such infections than are non-carriers. PMID- 7130702 TI - Vi serology in screening of typhoid carriers: improved specificity by detection of Vi antibodies by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. AB - A purified soluble Vi antigen was used in counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE), passive haemagglutination (HA) and solid phase radio-immunoassay (SPRIA) for detection of serum Vi antibody. Serum Vi antibody was detected in 13 of 14 chronic typhoid carriers by both CIE and HA. SPRIA studies showed that Vi antibodies in sera of these carriers were mainly of the IgG class. Successful treatment with amoxycillin in one carrier, who initially showed a positive Vi test, resulted in a reversion in 6 months to seronegativity as measured by Vi CIE. However, Vi antibody was also detected in 10 sera (3%) from 329 control subjects by HA but not by CIE. When the CIE assay was applied to 1030 serum specimens obtained from hospitalized patients, it was able to detect one typhoid carrier, but one (0.1%) non-carrier also gave a positive Vi CIE test. It is thus concluded that Vi CIE is more specific and no less sensitive than Vi HA for the detection of the typhoid carrier state. The finding by SPRIA that the anti-Vi antibodies present in typhoid carriers' sera were mainly of the IgG class further justified the use of CIE as a precipitation test for their detection. PMID- 7130703 TI - An investigation of microbial contamination in the home. AB - An investigation of the bacterial flora in over 200 homes is reported. The occurrence of potential pathogens and the levels of contamination at individual sites, particularly in the kitchen, toilet and bathroom is described and the implications for hygiene practices in the home discussed. PMID- 7130704 TI - Field trials of second-generation anticoagulants against difenacoum-resistant Norway rat populations. AB - Trials of rodenticidal baits containing 50 p.p.m. difenacoum, 50 p.p.m. bromadiolone or 20 p.p.m. brodifacoum were carried out on farmsteads against populations of Rattus norvegicus containing difenacoum-resistant individuals. Six difenacoum treatments failed in 14--42 days of baiting. Two treatments with bromadiolone succeeded in 23 and 33 days, but four further treatments lasting 35- 56 days failed to eradicate the populations. Brodifacoum gave virtually complete control of six populations in 21--73 days and of the ten residual populations left behind by the other two compounds, after baiting for a further 11--85 days. The performance of both bromadiolone and brodifacoum was well below that reported by previous investigators, indicating the possibility of low-grade resistance to these compounds in the difenacoum-resistant strain. PMID- 7130708 TI - Factors affecting the incomes of men and women physicians: further explorations. PMID- 7130707 TI - The postnatal acquisition of factors which affect the influenza haemagglutination inhibition test. AB - Levels of maternally transferred antibodies against the surface antigen of the A/Texas/1/77 strain of influenza virus showed the expected decline during infancy when measured by complement fixation (CF). However, this decline was not observed when these antibodies were measured by haemagglutination-inhibition (HI). It has been postulated that this discrepancy is due to the acquisition, in the early days of life, of non-specific serum factors which increase the HI activity of sera. The levels of these factors were determined indirectly by calculating HI:CF ratios and it was shown that the factors are rapidly acquired by children between the fifth and twentieth week of life. PMID- 7130705 TI - Antibody against viruses in maternal and cord sera: specific antibody is concentrated on the fetal side of the circulation. AB - Paired maternal and cord sera from 100 pregnancies were tested for antibodies against herpes simplex virus, measles virus and respiratory syncytial virus by complement fixation and for antibodies against rubella virus, influenza A virus and influenza B virus by haemagglutination-inhibition. For four viruses (herpes simplex, measles, respiratory syncytial and rubella) higher levels of antibody were found in cord than in maternal sera. There was no difference between maternal and cord serum titres against influenza B virus but significantly higher levels of antibody against influenza A virus were found in maternal sera than in cord sera. This discrepancy was investigated by measuring antibodies against the surface antigens of influenza A by a complement fixation technique, and by single radial haemolysis. Both methods showed a preponderance of virus-specific antibody in cord sera. We conclude that IgG antibodies against most, if not all, viruses are concentrated on the fetal side of the circulation, but the conventional haemagglutination-inhibition techniques may fail to detect this difference. PMID- 7130706 TI - Radial haemolysis for the detection of rubella antibody in acute postnatal rubella. AB - One hundred and forty-eight sera from 101 cases of acute postnatal rubella were examined by the radial haemolysis (RH) technique currently recommended by the Public Health Laboratory Service of the United Kingdom. In 75 cases the date of onset of rash was known. No sera were RH positive until the third day after the onset of rash and one serum was still negative at 9 days. By 10 days all sera gave a zone of at least 10 mm. The antibody response detected by RH appears later than that detected by haemagglutination inhibition (HI). Thirty-nine of the 101 cases could be diagnosed by seroconversion or a significant rise in titre using the HI test (diagnosis of the remainder depending upon rubella-specific IgM tests). Using the RH test this figure rises to 48 but in ten of these cases reliance on RH would have meant a delay in diagnosis. The results also indicate that many more sera would need to be tested for rubella-specific IgM if the RH test was used instead of the HI test for evaluating possible cases and contacts of rubella. PMID- 7130711 TI - Modified Jones' operation (preliminary report). PMID- 7130710 TI - Immunospecific ferromagnetic iron-dextran reagents for the labeling and magnetic separation of cells. AB - Ferromagnetic iron dextran particles were prepared by reacting a mixture of ferrous chloride and ferric chloride with dextran polymers under alkaline conditions. Particles purified by gel filtration chromatography were in the size range of 30-40 nm, had an electron dense core of about 15 nm, were stable against aggregation in physiological buffer, showed little non-specific binding to cells and had a magnetic moment. Protein A from Staphylococcus aureus was covalently coupled to periodate-oxidized ferromagnetic iron-dextran particles. These conjugates were used to indirectly label antigen sites on human red blood cells and thymocytes for visualization by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Cells labeled with these immunospecific ferromagnetic particles are were quantitatively retained by a simple permanent magnet and could be separated from unlabeled cells. Applications of these novel reagents in the separation of cells, cell membranes and receptors in drug targeting studies are discussed. PMID- 7130709 TI - Cell labeling and magnetic separation by means of immunoreagents based on polyacrolein microspheres. AB - Polyacrolein (PA) microspheres were synthesized by means of ionizing radiation and shown to contain aldehyde groups which form covalent bounds with amino compounds and proteins. PA microspheres made fluorescent after reaction with fluorescein-labeled antibodies were found to specifically label sensitized sheep red blood cells (SRBC). PA microspheres could also be grafted onto a variety of polymeric spheres of different sizes and composition by ionizing radiation. These hybrid spheres, i.e., preformed polymeric spheres with PA microspheres grafted on their surfaces could bind antibodies which retained specificity of reaction with cell surface receptors. Purification of sensitized SRBC from a mixture containing chicken red blood cells (CRBC) by means of hybrids magnetic spheres in a magnetic field was demonstrated. PMID- 7130714 TI - Mahogony seeds--an unusual poison. PMID- 7130712 TI - Diagnosis of myocardial infarction. PMID- 7130715 TI - Foreign body (live fish) in the hypopharynx. PMID- 7130713 TI - Simultaneous occurrence of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix and penis in a married couple. PMID- 7130716 TI - Compulsory accounts for medical practitioners--new income-tax rules. PMID- 7130717 TI - Serum immunoglobulins in nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 7130718 TI - Unusual presentation of pyomyositis. PMID- 7130720 TI - Cystic disease of the liver. PMID- 7130721 TI - 57th All-Indian Medical Conference: Nagercoil: 1981. PMID- 7130719 TI - Epignathus. PMID- 7130722 TI - Presidential address: Indian Medical Association. PMID- 7130724 TI - Some aspects of diabetic nephropathy. PMID- 7130723 TI - Biochemical aspects of lower urinary lithiasis in children. PMID- 7130725 TI - Cytogenetic analysis of fifty clinical cases. PMID- 7130726 TI - Dubin--Johnson syndrome in childhood. PMID- 7130727 TI - Vaccine and vaccination. PMID- 7130728 TI - Myxoedema conditioned pellagra. PMID- 7130729 TI - Is routine circumcision necessary? PMID- 7130732 TI - Sirenomelia with exomphalos major. PMID- 7130731 TI - Chronic pneumothorax with sequelae. PMID- 7130730 TI - Loin-pain-haematuria syndrome. PMID- 7130733 TI - Anti-epileptic drugs. PMID- 7130734 TI - Central nervous system lesions in Fisher syndrome: report of a case with CT findings. PMID- 7130736 TI - Coelomomyces from Aedes cinereus and a mosquito iridescent virus of Aedes cantans in Sweden. PMID- 7130735 TI - Immunologic changes from light. PMID- 7130737 TI - The sunburn cell in hairless mouse epidermis: quantitative studies with UV-A radiation and mono- and bifunctional psoralens. AB - The production of the sunburn cell by UV-A radiation and topical psoralens in hairless mouse epidermis has been studied. It has been shown that the appearance of this cell is dependent on the dose of both UV-A radiation and of the psoralen. The time-course with 8-methoxypsoralen has peak sunburn cell numbers at 28 hr postirradiation. A comparison of 2 bifunctional (8-methoxypsoralen and 5 methoxypsoralen) and 2 monofunctional (angelicin and 3-carbethoxypsoralen) psoralens showed the former are more potent. This suggests that DNA crosslink lesions may play a rle in sunburn cell production. PMID- 7130740 TI - Complications in methotrexate treatment of psoriasis with particular reference to liver fibrosis. AB - All patients taking methotrexate for treatment of psoriasis over the past 5 yr have been reviewed. Thirty-eight patients have had pretreatment liver biopsies and at least 1 repeat liver biopsy. Of the 38, nine (24%) have developed significant liver fibrosis or cirrhosis, and have stopped treatment. The high incidence of fibrosis is attributed to synergism between methotrexate and other hepatotoxic factors, particularly alcohol, the use of a baseline biopsy to identify subsequent changes, and the early detection of fibrosis by sensitive histological techniques. PMID- 7130738 TI - Comparative studies on eosinophil chemotactic factors during leukocyte migration under agarose. AB - Several known eosinophil chemotactic factors are compared with regard to their biological behavior during in vitro migration under agarose: zymosan activated serum (Zas), containing the chemotactic fragment C5a, the lymphokine eosinophil stimulation promoter (ESP), neutrophil-derived eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECF) and the N-formyl-methionyl-phenylalanine (NFMP) peptide induced chemotaxis and chemokinesis of granulocytes. All factors except NFMP attracts eosinophils and neutrophils. ECF alone selectively enhances eosinophil migration, and NFMP is inactive towards eosinophils. ESP is the least potent factor but affects eosinophil migration over a prolonged period of time. These different biological properties of the chemotactic factors may help to explain the differential influx of eosinophil and neutrophil leukocytes to tissue sites. PMID- 7130739 TI - The effect of accumulated lipids on measurements of sebum secretion in human skin. AB - When sebum is collected from the skin surface in an absorbent material, the amounts obtained in successive collections at the same site decline steadily. In the present study, sebum was absorbed into bentonite clay applied to 2.5 sq cm areas on the foreheads of 3 subjects for 3-hr intervals during 24 hr. The amounts of sebum obtained, measured by thin-layer chromatography, declined for 12 hr and then remained constant for the remaining 12 hr. It was inferred that the final, sustainable rate represents the true rate at which sebum was being secreted by the sebaceous glands, and that the additional sebum collected at earlier intervals was obtained from an accumulation in the stratum corneum or in the follicular canals. For the 3 subjects, the accumulated sebum averaged 213 micrograms/sq cm, compared with a sustainable secretion rate of 25 micrograms/sq cm/hr. The large quantity of accumulated sebum, relative to the secretion rate, could obscure differences between subjects when sebum secretion rates are measured by short-term collections of sebum in absorbent materials. PMID- 7130741 TI - Serum levels of 8-methoxypsoralen in two different drug preparations: correlation with photosensitivity and UV-A dose requirements for photochemotherapy. AB - In a quantitative study we have compared the serum levels, the time course and the photosensitizing capacity of a conventional crystalline 8-methoxypsoralen brand and an investigational liquid formula. Evidence is presented showing that the liquid preparation is superior to the crystalline form: it peaks earlier after ingestion, it produces higher and more constant degree of photosensitization, it is eliminated more rapidly from the blood, and it requires a lower UV-A dose for eliciting photosensitivity reactions aiming at a reduction of the total cumulative UV-A dose required for clearing psoriasis. PMID- 7130742 TI - Cutaneous blood flow during white dermographism in patients with atopic dermatitis. AB - Cutaneous blood flow was determined before and immediately after rubbing the skin of 7 patients with atopic dermatitis and 6 normal subjects, using the local atraumatic 133Xe-method. In the atopic patients the rubbing of eczematous skin produced white dermographism and simultaneously the cutaneous blood flow decreased in all the patients from 15.2 +/- SEM 1.7 ml/100 g . min before the rubbing to 6.2 +/- SEM 1.6 ml/100 g . min during white dermographism (p less than 0.002). In all the normal subjects the rubbing stimulus was followed by an increase in blood flow from 5.2 +/- SEM 0.6 to 24.4 +/- SEM 3.1 ml/100 g . min (p less than 0.001), although red dermographism was not seen in all. It is concluded that the most reasonable explanation for the pallor during white dermographism is the reduced cutaneous blood flow. PMID- 7130743 TI - Retinoic acid causes premature desquamation of cells from confluent cultures of stratified squamous epithelia. AB - Cells from 2 types of stratified squamous epithelia were grown to confluence in vitro. In these cultures highly differentiated cells were shed into the culture medium at a constant rate for at least 4 weeks, thus providing a unique system in which to study factors that influence desquamation. Retinoic acid (RA) decreased the rate of desquamation in calf esophagus epithelial cell (CEEC) cultures and increased the rate of desquamation in human foreskin epithelial cell(HFEC) cultures. Cells shed from CEEC and HFEC cultures treated with RA were less differentiated, as assessed by their protein/DNA ratio, than cells shed from control cultures. These data indicate that retinoic acid induces premature desquamation from stratified squamous epithelia. PMID- 7130746 TI - DNA repair response in human epidermal keratinocytes from donors of different age. AB - We have compared the excision-repair and growth properties of epidermal keratinocytes from humans of different ages. Keratinocytes isolated from newborn and adult abdominal skin at autopsy were cultured on collagen gels. Repair replication was assayed by the 5-bromodeoxyuridine density-labeling method following ultraviolet (UV) irradiation (254 nm) of the cultures. The keratinocytes from newborn donors proliferated more rapidly and attained a higher concentration at confluence than did those from aged donors. Semiconservative DNA replication was inhibited by UV radiation to an equal extent in cell cultures from newborns and adults. After a UV dose of 13 J/m2, the time course of DNA repair was similar for the respective cultures. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the time course of repair for keratinocytes in the proliferative or the plateau phase of growth. The dose-response curves for repair replication in cells from both young and old donors maximized at about 50 J/m2 but the attenuation in repair at higher doses appeared somewhat greater in cells from older donors. We conclude that no significant age-related differences exist in the rate and extent of the repair-replication response of human epidermal keratinocytes to UV-radiation damage in DNA. However, it remains to be determined whether other cellular recovery responses to damaged DNA are also relatively unrelated to age. PMID- 7130747 TI - The association of urinary tract infection with sexual intercourse. AB - To assess the significance of sexual intercourse as a precipitating factor of urinary tract infection in premenopausal women with recurrent infection, 15 patients were monitored with daily dipslides and calendar recording of intercourse episodes after antimicrobial prophylaxis was discontinued. Eleven patients experienced 16 infections; 12 infections occurred within 24 hr of an intercourse episode, two occurred during the menstrual period, and two had no recognizable association. In 12 control subjects, followed in a similar fashion, three infections--all within 24 hr of an intercourse episode--were documented. There was no difference in frequency of intercourse between patients and controls, but the frequency was higher in infected women than in uninfected women (P less than 0.02). These data suggest that in sexually active women, most urinary tract infections are intercourse-related. PMID- 7130745 TI - Extracellular granular material and degeneration of keratinocytes in the normally pigmented epidermis of patients with vitiligo. AB - Multiple biopsy specimens from the skin of 28 patients with common vitiligo were examined by light and electron microscopy. The patients were grouped according to the activity of their disease: progressing, stable, repigmenting, and resistant to treatment with psoralen plus sunlight. Three biopsy sites were sampled from each patient: (W) a white spot; (I) the pigmented and white interface; and (P) normally pigmented skin 1-15 cm away from I. Control specimens were obtained from 17 persons without vitiligo. Two microscopic abnormalities were observed in the epidermis of the patients with vitiligo: deposits of extracellular granular material, and foci of vacuolar degeneration of basal and parabasal keratinocytes. The extracellular granular material appeared to be derived from the cytoplasm of vacuolated keratinocytes. The abnormalities were observed in greatest abundance in the normally pigmented skin of patients with rapidly progressing or stable disease. They were absent from repigmenting skin and from the skin of healthy controls. Epidermal infiltrates of mononuclear leukocytes were seen only in the normal pigmented skin of the 2 patients whose vitiligo was resistant to treatment. Our observations indicate that cellular degeneration and the generation of debris in vitiligo are not limited to melanocytes but include keratinocytes and probably whole epidermal melanin units. Our findings also indicate that the fine structure of the epidermis in normal-appearing skin is markedly altered by the disease process in patients with vitiligo. PMID- 7130748 TI - Protective effect of colectomy in frog virus 3 hepatitis of rats: possible role of endotoxin. AB - Four to six days after colectomy, rats resisted a challenge of frog virus 3 that in sham-operated animals led to lethal hepatitis. Furthermore, the beneficial effect of colectomy was lost after intravenous administration of a dose of bacterial endotoxin as small as 0.01 100% lethal dose. The protection was related to neither a different distribution of the virus in body organs nor a stimulation of the reticuloendothelial system. The virus-induced early events--destruction of liver sinusoidal cells with leakage of cathepsin D into serum and inhibition of liver macromolecular synthesis--evolved similarly in both groups of rats. After an identical consumption of complement at the beginning of infection, a renewal in complement activity in the protected rats contrasted with an increasing deficiency in the control animals. The protective role of colectomy seems to be related to the suppression of the main source of bacterial endotoxin. PMID- 7130749 TI - The epidemiology of infections due to Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria lactamica in a northern Nigerian community. AB - The epidemiology of infection due to Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria lactamica was studied in a northern Nigerian community. A low meningococcal carriage rate was observed throughout the two-year survey. Initially, most meningococci isolated from nasopharyngeal carriers belonged to serogroup C or to serogroup Y. Following an outbreak of group A meningococcal disease, more group A meningococcal carriers were detected. Antibody studies indicated that infection with group A meningococci had been more widespread in the community than was suggested by regular carrier surveys. Carriage of meningococci was detected most frequently in children one to nine years of age. Children were identified as the first carriers in households more frequently than adults. The half-life of carriage was three months. The meningococcal carriage rate did not increase during the hot dry season when epidemics of meningococcal disease occur most frequently in Nigeria. Neisseria lactamica was isolated from the nasopharynx of children more frequently than were meningococci. PMID- 7130744 TI - A low-molecular-weight soluble protein from bovine lingual epithelium. II. Purification and characterization. AB - In an earlier study of rat lingual epithelium, we examined the total SDS-soluble protein from epithelia isolated at different states of development by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In this study, rather than work with total SDS-soluble proteins, we have carried out a series of sequential extractions of bovine lingual epithelium. To separate epithelium from connective tissue, slices of dorsal tongue mucosa were incubated in a solution containing EDTA and 4 proteolytic enzyme inhibitors. We have isolated and partially characterized a low molecular-weight (LMW) protein from the phosphate-buffered saline extract of bovine lingual epithelium. In the work reported here, we describe some of the biochemical and immunologic characteristics of this protein. The bovine lingual LMW protein has a molecular weight of 8700 +/- 450, an isoelectric point of 4.7 +/- 0.2 pH units, and a high content of the acidic amino acids aspartate and glutamate. We prepared an antibody to LMW protein and examined its specificity by a microenzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). We found that the antibody to LMW protein reacts very strongly against LMW protein while it exhibits no cross reactivity with low levels of an authentic keratin protein but moderate cross reactivity at higher concentrations of this authentic keratin protein. In a previous publication we have reported the immunohistochemical localization and distribution of this LMW protein. PMID- 7130751 TI - Infection due to Yersinia enterocolitica in children with abdominal pain. PMID- 7130750 TI - An institutional outbreak of hepatitis B related to a human biting carrier. AB - An outbreak of hepatitis B in a residential institution for the mentally retarded was studied. Initially one overt case of hepatitis was noted. A serologic screen of students and employees revealed a total of 12 individuals positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Subtyping by radioimmunoassay subsequently demonstrated that the population of HBsAg-positive individuals could be subdivided into two groups, based on the HBsAg subtype: adw2 or ayw3. The five individuals with subtype adw2 all were carriers. The ayw3 group, in contrast, were acutely infected except for one carrier with persistent hepatitis B e antigen. Both the ayw3 carrier and several of the acutely infected individuals were aggressive biters. Human biting, a frequent occurrence in the classroom studied, was one probable mode of transmission in this outbreak. The resolution of the outbreak was achieved by rapid screening for HBsAg with subtyping of positive patients and careful observation of the setting for putative modes of transmission. PMID- 7130752 TI - Recurrence of herpes simplex virus after dental extraction. PMID- 7130753 TI - Field trial of trivalent measles-rubella-mumps vaccine in Japan. PMID- 7130754 TI - Tuberculous lymphadenitis: a survey of 94 cases. PMID- 7130756 TI - Antibodies to lipopolysaccharide in the acute-phase sera of patients with meningitis due to Haemophilus influenzae type b. PMID- 7130755 TI - Effect of temperature on the susceptibility of Sporothrix schenckii to amphotericin B. PMID- 7130757 TI - Systemic IFN-alpha treatment of multiple bladder papilloma grade I or II patients: pilot study. AB - Bladder papillomatosis offers a good target to evaluate IFN-alpha systemic treatment. We carried out a pilot study on eight multiple bladder papilloma patients under the same treatment scheme (1 x 10(6) IU/amp. every 48 h over six months), and they were followed-up for over two years after treatment. Recurrent patients underwent a similar second treatment. IFN-alpha therapy showed the following variations of effects: total disappearance, size decrease or persistence of papillomas, neither size increase nor appearance of new ones, remarkable valuable recurrence frequency rate decrease in all cases, and recurrences with smaller papillomas. This IFN-alpha treatment scheme would be fit to carry out broader controlled studies to show frequencies of the different kinds of responses. The inclusion of a minimum (dose-frequency-period) IFN-alpha treatment period after the first six months' therapy is proposed in order to achieve total disappearance of recurrences. PMID- 7130758 TI - Human IFN alpha alters phosphorylation of ribosomal proteins. AB - Incubation of HeLa cells with human alpha interferon (HuIFN-alpha) resulted in increased phosphorylation of total ribosomal proteins (ribosome-associated and ribosome structural proteins) above that found for cells incubated in medium alone. Maximum phosphorylation of these proteins occurred with 4000 units/ml of HuIFN-alpha, 1-2 h of incubation of cells with HuIFN-alpha and a 32P pulse period of 1 h. Fractionation of total ribosomal proteins into ribosome-associated and 80S ribosomal structural proteins showed that the interferon-induced increase in phosphorylation was associated only with a 36K ribosome-associated polypeptide and phosphorylation of 80S ribosomal structural proteins was inhibited in interferon-treated cells. The level of inhibition of phosphorylation of ribosomal structural proteins in large and small subunits in interferon-treated cells was 14-19% and 76-81%, respectively. The inhibition of phosphorylation of ribosomal structural proteins persisted for 24 h following an initial 2 h of incubation of cells with interferon. Interferon treatment inhibited phosphorylation of several proteins associated with purified 80S ribosomes. Interferon treatment considerably reduced yields of coxsackievirus B3 in HeLa cells, but had little to no effect on rates of protein synthesis during 10 h of incubation of cells with interferon. The results show that interferon induces rapid (within 1 h) phosphorylation-dephosphorylation reactions involving ribosome-associated and ribosomal structural proteins of HeLa cells. PMID- 7130759 TI - Human interferon-beta: effects of deglycosylation. AB - Human fibroblast-derived interferon-beta (IFN-beta) labeled in vivo with 35S methionine and purified to greater than 90% radiochemical purity has been used to study the effect of glycosidases on its biological activity and its molecular weight. Incubation of the radioactive interferon with the glycosidases causes a reduction in the estimated molecular weight from 23,000 to 18,000 as determined by electrophoresis on SDS-gels. There are intermediate transient sizes that are generated prior to 18,000, but not proteins are observed that are smaller than 18,000 even after prolonged incubation. The deglycosylated IFN-beta (18,000) induces the antiviral state in cells in culture and inhibits the growth of cells in culture. We conclude that the carbohydrate of IFN-beta is not essential for its biological activity on cells in culture. PMID- 7130760 TI - Effects of beta interferon on concanavalin A binding and size of HeLa cells. AB - Treatment of HeLa-S3 cells with 640 u/ml of human beta interferon (HuIFN-beta) in suspension culture increases the cell volume and the heterogeneity of the population with respect to cell size, as measured by Coulter electronic volume analysis. Based on such analysis, the cell surface area is increased 11% by 24 h, and 42% by 48 h after beginning of interferon treatment. Binding of [125I] Concanavalin A (measured at 22 degrees C) is increased 75% by 24 h, and 120% by 48 h on a per-cell basis. It follows that interferon treatment for 24 h causes a 58% increase in the abundance of functional Con A receptor sites per unit area of cell surface. The further increase in Con A binding after treatment of cells with interferon for 48 h can be attributed to increased surface area of cells. PMID- 7130761 TI - [Immunoregulation by liposomal model membrane]. PMID- 7130762 TI - [New crosslinks of collagen]. PMID- 7130763 TI - [Biosynthesis of heparin proteoglycan and the functional domains for anticoagulant activity of heparin]. PMID- 7130765 TI - [Arrangement of references by personal computer]. PMID- 7130764 TI - [Transfer of cloned genes into mammalian cells]. PMID- 7130767 TI - [Changes of hormones in relation to the parturition]. PMID- 7130766 TI - [Various aspects of the mechanism of the onset of labor--elective induction of labor]. PMID- 7130768 TI - [The retrospective observation of the cervical smear of the cervical squamous cell cancerous patients]. AB - This study is aimed cytologically to observe the development of the squamous cell carcinoma and to study the role of the cervical smear in the diagnosis of the cervical cancer. The cervical squamous cell cancerous patients who have the past history of the cervical smear for more than six months were selected and their cervical smears were analyzed retrospectively. The result of the cervical smear were classified into three: Negative, suspicious and positive for the statistical purposes. Each patient's cervical smears were arranged spectroscopically by the length of the elapsed time from the date of the smear to that of the diagnosis. The result of the cervical smear, the length of the elapsed time and the progression of the carcinoma were observed. It was suggested cytologically that the cervical squamous cell carcinoma will grow more slowly. This result showed us the possibility of the extension of the cytologic screening interval for the diagnosis of the cervical cancer. But the cytological analysis of the individual cervical smears suggested us that there are some problems about the confidence of the cytological diagnosis of the cervical cancer. It is our impression that the conservative screening interval will be better to keep the high diagnostic accuracy. PMID- 7130769 TI - [Prolactin releasing activity in serum of pregnant women and patients with galactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome]. AB - Serum samples obtained from 18 normal men and women, 24 pregnant women of the third trimester, and 8 patients with galactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome (GAS) were subjected to a 3-phase methanol extraction. The serum extract released prolactin (PRL) specifically from rat anterior pituitary in vitro. The PRL releasing activity (PRA) was dependent on the incubation time and dose of serum extract, while independent on TRH or PRL in serum. The mean PRA in serum of pregnant women was significantly (p less than 0.02) higher than one of normal subjects. The mean PRA in serum of GAS was significantly higher than in pregnant women (p less than 0.05), and in normal subjects (p less than 0.001). When the individual PRL levels were compared to the PRA in samples from pregnant women and normal subjects, a significant (p less than 0.02) positive correlation evolved. These results indicate that a PRL releasing substance(s) distinct from TRH is (are) present in serum, and has (have) a relationship to the PRL concentration and late pregnant states. PMID- 7130770 TI - [Development of a fetoscope and its clinical application]. AB - One of the major goals in modern obstetrics is to provide more detailed informations of prenatal fetal physiology. Since 1972, more than 200 amniocentesis were performed in our hospital and the importance of prenatal genetic diagnosis has been recognized. But amniocentesis has the limitations which are 1) the lack of expression of many single gene hereditary disorders in amniotic fluid and its cells, 2) the large percentage (90%) of nonviable fetal cells in any given sample, 3) the length of time required to culture fetal cells. Accordingly the necessity of development of other methods to obtain further direct data on the fetus from the uterine cavity has been indicated. Among gynecological endoscopies, fetoscopy which is direct visualization of the fetus by introduction of an endoscope into the amniotic cavity is expected to obtain direct information from the uterine environment in pregnant women. By our newly developed fetoscope, we investigated clinical indications and contraindications of fetoscopy as well as future possibilities of this endoscope. Our present study indicates that further developments and future benefits of fetoscopy entirely depend on the progress of laboratory techniques which can provide more accurate data through specimens obtained fetoscopy. PMID- 7130771 TI - [Studies on the classification of endometriosis]. AB - A new classification system of endometriosis proposed by the American Fertility Society (AFS classification) was utilized to categorize patients with endometriosis after surgical treatment and the following results were obtained. 1. AFS classification system was useful to categorize patients with endometriosis, because of a simple and objective point system. 2. There were discrepancies in categorized patients between AFS system and a system proposed by Acosta et al. (Acosta's system). One-third of patients categorized as "Severe" by Acosta's system was classified to be "Moderate" by AFS system. These discrepancies occurred when lesion of endometriosis was just restricted within ovaries. 3. Conception was reduced once ovaries were involved and fecundability rate was significantly reduced if ovarian endometrioma was greater than 3cm in diameter. 4. Acosta's system revealed differences among fecundability rate among the different categories, however, AFS system could not demonstrate a direct correlation between the categories of endometriosis and fecundability rate. PMID- 7130772 TI - [Influences of indomethacin on the cardiovascular and metabolic systems of fetuses]. AB - The influences of indomethacin--a drug with prostaglandins inhibiting effect--on the cardiovascular and metabolic systems of fetuses were studied. 1) 1mg/day of indomethacin was administered subcutaneously to pregnant Wister rats for 5-6 days. The rats were administered laparotomyon on the 21st day of conception, and the histopathological changes of the lungs of the fetuses were studied. The findings demonstrated no histopathological changes due to indomethacin nor any hypertrophy of the smooth muscles in the small arteries of the lungs. 2) 10-35mg of indomethacin was administered intravenously to rabbits in the final stages of pregnancy, thus, indomethacin was absorbed into the maternal livers, placentas, fetal livers, maternal plasmas, and amniotic fluids as the serum concentrations of indomethacin increased with each added dosage. The percentile changes in relation to the maternal plasma concentration values revealed high percentages in fetal livers, followed by placentas, maternal livers, and fetal plasmas. Amniotic fluid concentrations were as low as 20 percent. 3) As for the clinical results of the use of indomethacin (N = 302), tocolysis showed that abortions numbered 7 out of 101 (5.3%), premature births 63 out of 155 (40.6%), SFD 14 out of 302 (4.6%), perinatal deaths 8 out of 302 (2.6%), and deaths due to distress 3 out of 302 (1%). No neonatal pulmonary hypertension was observed in the 8 premature infants that were delivered dead. PMID- 7130775 TI - [Pulsatile fluctuation of human luteinizing hormone (hLH) in normal menstrual cycle, as assessed by the in vitro bioassay and improved radioimmunoassay]. AB - Plasma samples obtained by continuous withdrawal for a 10-hour period in normal menstrual cycle were assayed for human luteinizing hormone (hLH) by both the in vitro bioassay and improved radioimmunoassay (RIA). The pulsatile patterns of both biological and immunological hLH levels were demonstrated with high frequency and low amplitude in the follicular phase and with low frequency and high amplitude in the luteal phase in the present study, as seen in the literature, although the assay procedures were different. The basal levels of immunoreactive hLH were 17.99mIU/ml with 95% confidence limits at 14.49 and 22.34mIU/ ml in the follicular phase and 10.79 (6.62 : 17.58) mIU/ml in the luteal phase. These two values were comparable to those in the literature. On the other hand, those of bioreactive hLH in the corresponding phases were 21.68 (15.21 : 30.90) mIU/ml and 6.22 (4.94 : 7.83) mIU/ml, respectively. The differences of the basal levels in these two phases were more pronouncedly assessed by the bioassay than by the RIA. The ratios of biological to immunological hLH activities (B/I ratios) at the trough (base) were over the unity (1.21 (1.03 : 1.41) ) in the follicular phase, whereas those in the luteal phase were decreased down to 0.58 (0.44 : 0.76). This depression is likely due to the poor specificity of the antiserum employed in the RIA. The half disappearance times (t1/2's) of the immunoreactive hLH were shortened significantly in the preovulatory phase(83.7(64.3 : 103.1)min)in comparison with those of the bioreactive hLH(122.9(98.2 : 147.6) min). The B/I ratios at the peaks of the pulses were depressed down in the preovulatory phase. The possible existence of hLH with immunoactivity and no, or little, bioactivity was suggested from these two evidences in this stage of menstrual cycle. The difference in the t1/2's of bioreactive hLH in the follicular and luteal phase (103.6 (94.7 : 112.5) min and 87.2 (72.5 : 101.9) min, respectively) indicated proportional differences of hLH subpopulations with various clearance rates in these two phases. PMID- 7130773 TI - [Clinicopathological study of ovarian embryonal carcinoma (Higuchi-Kato)]. AB - Prognoses of embryonal carcinoma (Higuchi-Kato) of the ovary are extremely poor, and new modalities of the treatment are desired. In the present paper, we describe a clinicopathological study of ovarian embryonal carcinoma (Higuchi Kato) with special references to the treatment and prognosis. 1) The patients examined were 20 in all, 8 belonging to embryonal carcinoma (Higuchi-Kato) Group A, 6 to the Group B, and 6 to the Group C. 2) The median age of patients was 20 years old. 3) The development of tumor was unilateral in all patients but one unsettled. 4) One patient was pregnant when the tumor was discovered. 5) The prognoses of patients in Group C were better than those of others. 6) Serum AFP is a good tumor marker, correlating well with the clinical courses of the patients. 7) To maintain ovarian function of young patients in stage Ia, unilateral adnexectomy with contralateral wedge resection and postoperative intensive chemotherapy are considered to be a choice of treatment method. PMID- 7130774 TI - [Intrauterine growth of live-born Japanese infants between 28 and 42 weeks of gestation]. AB - Intrauterine growth of live-born infants between 28 and 42 weeks of gestation has been measured by birth weight. All live-born infants in Miyagi prefecture where is situated at the middle part of Japan were 31,534 from February, 1978 to January, 1979. Out of the 31,534 live-born infants, there were 11,025 cases whose records were incomplete, because of uncertainty concerning duration of pregnancy. So, we investigated 19,509 live-born infants. Most of them were born at term (37 to 41 weeks of gestation). Premature delivery rate was 3.36% and postterm delivery rate was 3.78%. Finally, we made the intrauterine growth curves derived from 19,509 live-born infants at each week of gestation and weights for 10th, 50th and 90th percentile. PMID- 7130776 TI - [Serum sex steroid hormones in women with aging, and in the patients of climacteric syndrome and squamous cell carcinoma of the uterus]. AB - The endocrinological studies were conducted in 116 normal women with aging, 16 women with climacteric syndrome and 31 patients of cervical cancer. The levels of serum estrone, estradiol and estriol had a tendency of gradual decline after the age of 40, and decreased rapidly 3 years after menopause, but still remained in a certain level thereafter throughout the senile period. The serum progesterone tended to decrease after the age of 40. While the serum testosterone showed no particular change before menopause, began to decrease after menopause. Women with climacteric syndrome were found to have a significant low serum estrogen and testosterone than in normal women, while a relative low tendency of serum progesterone in the premenopausal women of climacteric syndrome were observed. There was a relative high serum progesterone and testosterone found in adult and premenopausal patients of cervical cancer than in normal women, but showed no any difference of estrogen between them. The serum estrogen/testosterone ratio in cervical cancer group, was higher than that in the normal. Serum estrogen from the ovarian plexus was found several ten times higher than that in the iliac artery. However, progesterone and testosterone were found a slightly higher in the former. PMID- 7130777 TI - Functional life span of the corpus luteum gravidarum: an estimation from the mode of fluctuation of serum hormones after artificial termination of pregnancy and succeeding exogenous hCG administration. AB - Concentrations of estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17 OHP), hCG and hPL were measured by radioimmunoassay in sera obtained serially from 35 subjects who received artificial termination of pregnancy and 24 of them were administered 10,000 IU of hCG 3 to 5 days later when endogenous hCG had sufficiently decreased. The subjects were operated respectively at 4-11 weeks (Group A) and 12-23 weeks (Group B) of gestation. In Group B, all the hormones declined promptly showing a hyperbolic pattern. In contrast, E2, P and 17-OHP in Group A revealed a significant delay of decline although hCG and hPL decreased as fast as hormones in Group B. When hCG was administered, P and 17-OHP showed a trend to elevate in Group A, but they showed a trend to decline in Group B. When compared in percentage value, the statistically significant difference is proved in 17-OHP between the two groups. The significant delay of E2, P and 17-OHP and the significant elevation of 17-OHP in Group A as compared with Group B were clearly demonstrated. Since 17-OHP is mainly of luteal origin, these findings seem to confirm that the corpus luteum gravidarum functions as far as 11 weeks of gestation and then involutes. PMID- 7130778 TI - [Transplacental transport of beta2-stimulant(ritodrine hydrochloride) in sheep in the late stage of pregnancy]. PMID- 7130779 TI - [Ovarian preservation in situ in early cervical carcinoma(Stages O and Ia)]. PMID- 7130781 TI - [Symptoms of the fetus--screening of fetus abnormalities]. PMID- 7130780 TI - [Significance of prolactinoma in management of anovulation]. PMID- 7130782 TI - Gonad dose measurement for the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by teletherapy cobalt-60 unit. PMID- 7130783 TI - [Non-surgically treated primary malignant lymphoma of the brain: recurrences in 2 occasions following the cessations of antineoplastic agent administration]. PMID- 7130784 TI - [Biochemical estimation of post-treatment surveillance for ovarian cancer: simultaneous determination of serum C-reactive protein level and lymphocyte responses to phytohemagglutinin]. PMID- 7130785 TI - Cloning of human tumor stem cells: role in cancer treatment and new drug development. PMID- 7130786 TI - Pancreatic cancer. PMID- 7130787 TI - [A clinicopathological study on depth of invasion of early gastric cancer]. PMID- 7130789 TI - [Increase of anti-tumor activity in experimentally induced tumor-bearing animals by simultaneous administration of two immunopotentiating agents]. PMID- 7130788 TI - Localized hyperthermia in the treatment of cancer. PMID- 7130790 TI - [The prospect of drug distribution to hepatic cancer in intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy -examination by infusion of 81mKr and 133Xe via catheter into hepatic artery]. PMID- 7130791 TI - The value of combined treatment in management of Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7130792 TI - [The prophylactic effects of a streptococcal preparation OK-432 on carcinogenesis in rats by MNNG and DMH]. PMID- 7130793 TI - [Combination therapy of radiation and immunomodulators in the treatment of MM46 tumor transplanted in C3H/He mice]. PMID- 7130794 TI - [Experimental study of an active specific immunotherapy modified with irradiation. 2. Inhibiton of transplanted MM46-tumor growth in C3H/He mice pretreated with immunotherapy]. PMID- 7130796 TI - [Abstracts of the 19th congress of the Japan Society for Cancer Therapy. Abstracts of workshop]. PMID- 7130797 TI - [Review on internal medicine, 1981--liver diseases]. PMID- 7130795 TI - [Preoperative infusion chemotherapy (adriamycin) in breast cancer]. PMID- 7130798 TI - [Liver diseases. A 1. The metabolic disorders and the liver injury]. PMID- 7130800 TI - [Liver diseases. A 3. Drug-induced hepatic injury]. PMID- 7130799 TI - [Liver diseases. A 2. Pathogenesis and characteristics of alcoholic liver injury in Japan]. PMID- 7130801 TI - [Liver diseases. A 4. Immune-mediated liver injury]. PMID- 7130802 TI - [Liver diseases. B 1. Type A hepatitis]. PMID- 7130803 TI - [Liver diseases. B 2. Hepatitis B]. PMID- 7130804 TI - [Liver diseases. C 1. Fulminant hepatitis: the present status and major problems of its therapeutic intervention]. PMID- 7130805 TI - [Liver diseases. C 2. Liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 7130807 TI - [Gastric emptying in patients with gastroduodenal disease. The third report: Effects of small doses of intramuscular administration of anticholinergic drug on gastric emptying]. PMID- 7130806 TI - [Cardiac involvement in polymyositis: in relation to myopathy and pulmonary involvement]. PMID- 7130808 TI - [Plasma catecholamines in young and older Japanese men with borderline hypertension]. PMID- 7130809 TI - [A case of multiple primary cancers associated with IGA deficiency--a successful case in operation after blood administration of IGA deficiency-donor's blood]. PMID- 7130810 TI - [A case of right ventricular myxoma with cardiac tamponade]. PMID- 7130811 TI - [A case of insulin autoimmune syndrome with cholestatic hepatitis induced by methimazole and propylthiouracil]. PMID- 7130813 TI - [Transient and marked improvement of paralysis after the intravenous infusion of arginine in a case of hypokalemic periodic paralysis]. PMID- 7130812 TI - [Elevated trypsin level in chronic pancreatic pleural effusion]. PMID- 7130814 TI - Exercise training program. PMID- 7130817 TI - Thyroglossal cyst carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature. PMID- 7130815 TI - Bipolar affective disorder: report of a case treated with carbamazepine (Tegretol). PMID- 7130816 TI - Anaphylaxis to succinylcholine: a case report and discussion of therapy. PMID- 7130818 TI - Extracranial carotid disease: noninvasive evaluation. PMID- 7130819 TI - A successful partnership. I. Incidence, awareness, and control of hypertension. PMID- 7130824 TI - Systolic-diastolic hypertension in the elderly. PMID- 7130820 TI - A successful partnership. II. A new initiative for hypertension control. PMID- 7130822 TI - Justice for all: abolition of the defense of insanity. PMID- 7130821 TI - Benign liver tumor: report of a case in a newborn and review of the literature. PMID- 7130823 TI - Travelers' diarrhea: recent advances in prophylaxis and treatment. PMID- 7130826 TI - Office surgery: an old concept modernized. PMID- 7130825 TI - Electrocardiogram of the month: the locus of the focus. PMID- 7130828 TI - Factor IX Zutphen. A genetic variant of blood coagulation factor IX with an abnormally high molecular weight. AB - A genetic variant of blood coagulation factor IX has been isolated from the plasma of a patient with severe hemophilia B (congenital factor IX deficiency). The isolated variant--factor IX Zutphen--has a strongly reduced affinity for binding of Ca2+, it cannot be cleaved proteolytically by factor XIa, and it has a molecular weight of about 90,000, which is much higher than the 65,000 found for normal factor IX and acarboxy factor IX. Available data indicate that these unique properties of factor IX Zutphen are connected with the presence of an extra polypeptide (molecular weight 33,000) that is linked to the factor IX molecule by a disulfide bond and thus prevents effective binding of Ca2+ or factor XIa. Such a model might explain the extremely low specific coagulant activity of factor IX Zutphen. PMID- 7130827 TI - Megakaryocytopoiesis and granulopoiesis following cyclophosphamide. AB - CTX is a marrow-suppressant drug that has been reported to have a "sparing effect" on blood platelets. To investigate whether CTX spares platelet precursor cells as well as platelets, blood platelets, megakaryocytes, and CFU-M were studied in mice after the injection of CTX. The soft gel in vitro culture system was utilized to assay for CFU-M in marrow and spleen. CTX produced only a mild thrombocytopenia to 88% to 95% of control values. This was followed by a modest, but significant thrombocytosis of 120% of controls on day 10. Despite the slight effect on blood platelets, striking changes were observed in megakaryocytes and CFU-M. Megakaryocytes and CFU-M were decreased to 10% to 25% of control values within 24 hr of CTX administration. This was followed by a recovery of spleen megakaryocytes and CFU-M to normal within 6 days, followed by a 24-fold increase above control values in spleen megakaryocytes and a 29-fold increase in spleen CFU-M. In contrast, recovery of megakaryocytes and CFU-M in the marrow was delayed for 2 weeks. An increase in marrow CFU-M above control values was not observed, although megakaryocytes increased to 150% of control. Granulocytes and their progenitor cells (CFU-GM) responded in a similar manner after CTX administration. These results indicate that blood platelet levels are only slightly decreased after a single injection of CTX whereas CFU-M and megakaryocytes are markedly decreased. The recovery and increased production of megakaryocytes and CFU-M in the face of a near-normal platelet level suggests that factors other than the platelet level are responsible for production of CFU M and megakaryocytes. PMID- 7130829 TI - Serum erythropoietin (ESF) titers in anemia of chronic renal failure. AB - ESF titers were determined in 99 patients of various stages of chronic renal failure, by using the fetal mouse liver cell bioassay. Of these patients 45 were receiving conservative therapy and 54 on maintenance hemodialysis. ESF levels were significantly below normal in both groups of patients. A significant inverse relationship was found between hemoglobin concentration and ESF level in the predialysis patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. No correlation was found between both parameters in the predialysis patients with chronic nonglomerular renal disease. A significant positive correlation was found between hemoglobin concentration and ESF level in nephric dialysis patients who were transfusion independent. Transfusion-dependent nephric dialysis patients had lower hemoglobin concentrations and lower ESF levels before transfusion than did nephric dialysis patients who were transfusion independent. In nephric dialysis patients ESF levels fell sharply after blood transfusion, whereas in anephric dialysis patients such a physiologic ESF response was not found. It was concluded that despite the presence of an absolute ESF deficiency in all anemia uremic patients, this anemia cannot be explained by ESF deficiency alone. The increasing degree of anemia found in predialysis patients with deteriorating renal function appears to be primarily caused by factors other than ESF deficiency, the most likely being accumulation of uremic inhibitors of erythropoiesis. In dialysis patients in whom inhibitor levels are relatively homogeneous, the degree of anemia appears to be directly related to the residual capability of the kidney or the extrarenal sites to produce ESF. PMID- 7130830 TI - Immune response in experimentally induced uremia. IV. Characterization of suppressor peritoneal macrophages in the uremic rat. AB - The effect of unstimulated uremia PM phi on the response of syngeneic control NA spleen cells to mitogens was examined. Nonstimulated PM phi purified from uremic rats were found to be significantly more suppressive than similar numbers of control PM phi. It was found that indomethacin treatment, as well as anti-la treatment, only partially reverses the suppressive activity of uremic PM phi as compared to control PM phi, thus indicating that uremic suppressor PM phi have different characteristics from control PM phi. In addition, uremic PM phi suppress via a suppressor factor released to the supernatant over 24 hr incubation. The enhanced suppressor activity of uremic PN phi as well as their different characteristics may have relevance to the severely suppressed cell mediated immunity observed in uremia. PMID- 7130831 TI - Paired determinations of blood carboxyhemoglobin concentration and carbon monoxide excretion rate in term and preterm infants. AB - Paired determinations of COHb and VeCO were performed on 30 term infants (38 to 42 weeks' gestation) and 26 preterm infants (28 to 37 weeks' gestation) during the first week of life. All subjects were breathing room air at the time of the study. Values of COHb were corrected for RAco by linear regression of COHb (percent saturation) vs RAco (ppm). Regression coefficients for term and preterm infants with no history of pulmonary impairment were nearly identical (COHb = 0.175 RAco + 0.45, r = 0.77, n = 25 for term infants; COHb = 0.168 RAco + 0.51, r = 0.82, n = 9 for preterm infants) and agreed well with theoretical values. For the group of term infants, linear regression of Veco (microliter/kg/hr) vs. COHbc, where COHbc = COHb - 0.17 RAco, resulted in VEco = 23.4 COHbc + 4.02, r = 0.75, n = 30. The corresponding relationship for preterm infants with no history of pulmonary impairment was VEco = 24.7 COHbc + 3.85, r = 0.61, n = 13. For a subpopulation of preterm infants with a history of pulmonary dysfunction, the correlation decreased significantly, with VEco = 4.34 COHbc + 17.6, r = 0.097, n = 11. These results demonstrate that (1) COHbc is a reasonable index of VEco and consequently of the heme catabolic rate in both term and preterm infants with no clinical history of pulmonary dysfunction and (2) inference of VEco from COHbc may be misleading in certain cases without a consideration of the factors relating these two variables. PMID- 7130832 TI - Absorption of biliary cobalamin in baboons following total gastrectomy. AB - Absorption of radiolabeled cobalamin in baboons was assessed by whole body counting. Retention of biliary cobalamin and an aqueous solution of cyanocobalamin was measured in normal baboons and in baboons after total gastrectomy by using 57Co-labeled biliary cobalamin and 58C0-cyanocobalamin, with and without baboon gastric juice containing intrinsic factor. Radiolabeled biliary cobalamin was obtained by intravenous injection of 57Co-cyanocobalamin in baboons and collection of bile through a cannula placed in the common bile duct. Cobalamin absorption was not completely abolished by gastrectomy and biliary cobalamin was better retained than cyanocobalamin; intrinsic factor enhanced absorption of both forms. After gastrectomy there was steady depletion of liver and serum cobalamin levels, which ceased after a new equilibrium was reached between a progressively diminishing cobalamin loss and the impaired but significant residual level of absorption. These studies in the nonhuman primate provide further information concerning the enterohepatic circulation of cobalamin and suggest that the form of cobalamin in bile may be more readily absorbed than is cyanocobalamin or that bile itself may have an enhancing effect on cobalamin absorption. The data also suggest that physiologically significant amounts of cobalamin may be absorbed in the absence of a gastric source of intrinsic factor. PMID- 7130834 TI - Effects of a dietary prostaglandin precursor on the progression of experimentally induced chronic renal failure. AB - The effect of increasing a dietary PG precursor on the progression of chronic renal failure was studied in the partially nephrectomized rat. NLA or HLA diets were pair-fed to groups of 3/4-nephrectomized and sham-operated rats. Serum creatinine and urinary protein excretion were measured serially. Nephrectomized rats on the NLA diet had progressive deterioration of renal function, the serum creatinine level rising to 1.55 mg/dl by week 20. At week 20, by contrast, nephrectomized rats on the HLA diet maintained stable renal function; the serum creatinine level was 0.97 mg/dl at week 20. Urinary protein excretion was significantly lower and glomerular sclerosis was prevented in the rats fed the HLA diet. No changes were observed in the levels of blood pressure, serum cholesterol, or serum triglycerides as an effect of the diet. Increased PGE2 production, measured by radioimmunoassay in the renal cortex of rats on the HLA diet, suggested that the protective effect upon renal function in this model of chronic renal failure may be mediated by increased renal cortical PG formation. PMID- 7130833 TI - Influence of asbestos fibers on collagen and prostaglandin production in fibroblast and macrophage co-cultures. AB - The interaction of fibroblasts, macrophages, and crocidolite asbestos fibers was studied in cell culture. We determined the effects of co-cultivation and asbestos fibers on collagen, total protein, and PG production. The co-cultivation of guinea pig alveolar macrophages and fetal lung fibroblasts resulted in a 155% increase in protein and a 31% increase in collagen production above fibroblast controls. The collagen was derived exclusively from the fibroblasts. Although total protein production was derived predominantly from the fibroblasts, the macrophages in co-culture also contributed to the protein levels. The addition of asbestos fibers to fibroblast cultures resulted in a decrease in collagen and total protein production. The addition of asbestos fibers to fibroblast and macrophage co-cultures prevented the enhancement of collagen production and limited the increase in protein production above fibroblast controls. PGE2, PGI2, and TXA2 were measured in macrophage and fibroblast cultures. Very low, almost undetectable PG production was observed under basal conditions by either cell type alone or in co-culture. Bradykinin induced release of these PGs in fibroblast but not macrophage cultures. This release was enhanced in co-cultures. Asbestos fibers, when added to the co-cultures caused a significant increase in the release of PGs, particularly PGE2. PGE2 is known to inhibit collagen and total protein production by fibroblasts. The increased release of PGs in asbestos treated co-cultures may have contributed to the described asbestos suppression of collagen production PMID- 7130835 TI - Modification of the breath hydrogen test: increased sensitivity for the detection of carbohydrate malabsorption. AB - The pulmonary excretion of hydrogen after a carbohydrate meal has been used to diagnose carbohydrate malabsorption in the small intestine In this study, the protocol for performing breath tests has been modified by the addition of a prolonged carbohydrate-free preparation (greater than 15 hr) and the administration of the test sugar in a defined formula containing protein and fat. The carbohydrate-free preparation significantly decreased baseline H2 excretion, implying that elevations in baseline H2 concentrations are related to carbohydrate malabsorption occurring on the night preceding the breath test. The excretion of H2 after carbohydrate meals was prolonged (greater than 8 hr), with the majority of H2 excreted more than 4 hr after the meal. The time course of H2 excretion was similar in all subjects tested and was independent of the dose and type of sugar used. When H2 excretion between 4 and 7 hr after the meal was analyzed, all subjects taking at least 3 gm of lactulose excreted significant H2 as compared to those taking carbohydrate-free meals. The addition of 10 gm of lactulose to the standard preparation on the night preceding a breath test caused a leftward shift in the time curve of H2 excretion after a subsequent 10 gm lactulose meal, indicating earlier H2 production in the colon. These results imply that breath testing can be used to determine the capacity for intestinal sugar absorption in humans and demonstrate that prior sugar malabsorption may affect the breath H2 response to a meal. PMID- 7130837 TI - Managing the abnormal Pap smear. PMID- 7130836 TI - IgG subclasses in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. AB - One hundred seventy-five patients with a serum monoclonal IgG who had been followed up for more than 5 years without the development of multiple myeloma, amyloidosis, or other serious diseases were designated as having MGUS. The monoclonal IgG of 83% of patients was classified as IgG1; that of 9%, IgG2; that of 6%, IgG3; and that of 2%, IgG4. The median values for hemoglobin, leukocytes, platelets, calcium, creatinine, size of the M spike, and plasma cell content in the bone marrow were not significantly different in the four subclass groups. The IgA level was reduced in 8% and the IgM in 20% of the total group. The uninvolved IgG subclass levels were reduced in 81% of the IgG1 patients and in all the IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 patients. The patients with MGUS wer compared to 229 patients with multiple myeloma. The monoclonal IgG of the myeloma patients was classified as IgG1 (73%), IgG2 (14%), IgG3 (8%), and IgG4 (6%). The median hemoglobin values were higher in IgG3 and IgG4 groups. Renal insufficiency and size of the M protein spike were similar in the four subclass groups. Either IgA or IgM was reduced in 75% of the patients. The uninvolved IgG subclasses were reduced in 96.5% of all patients. The 5-year actuarial survival was 30% for the IgG1 group and 33% for the IgG2 group. Twenty patients with MGUS subsequently developed multiple myeloma. Analysis of the results from these patients did not show a difference from the other MGUS patients. The results suggest that the IgG subclass in MGUS does not affect either the features of the disease or the tendency for later development of multiple myeloma. PMID- 7130838 TI - Acute renal failure in the surgical patient. PMID- 7130839 TI - Alkaline reflux gastritis. PMID- 7130840 TI - A modification of the Blom-Singer valve for restoration of voice after laryngectomy. AB - The authors have been involved in developing a modification of the Blom-Singer valved prosthesis for restoration of voice after laryngectomy. This is a case report on the first patient who underwent this procedure in Britain. It was found essential that a different design of valved prosthesis be invented and this is described. Aspects for consideration when selecting a potential candidate for this procedure are outlined, and guidelines given for choosing suitable patients. PMID- 7130841 TI - Inferior glottoscopy. A new approach to the problem of phonation. PMID- 7130843 TI - Oncocytomas of the salivary glands. AB - Two cases of oncocytoma of the parotid gland are presented, one of which was dominantly cystic and had recurred after 21 years. The light and electron, microscopic pictures are presented. The literature has been reviewed, and 131 cases were found in salivary glands; hence, oncocytomas in this location are rare. In older persons, they are found predominantly in the parotid gland, but have also been reported in the minor salivary glands. It is pointed out that electron microscopy or histochemical examination is indispensable for the demonstration of mitochondrial hyperplasia. PMID- 7130842 TI - Extra-cranial tumours of the infratemporal fossa. AB - We have reviewed the world literature on infra-temporal fossa tumours and have presented a further 12 cases diagnosed by ourselves. The similarity in incidence of the 3 types of tumor (1) primary, (ii) contiguous and (iii) metastatic between our series and world experience has been observed. The anatomy of the intra temporal fossa has been described in detail and the connection between the infra temporal fossa and the parapharyngeal space is clarified. We also have emphasised the relationship between the deep lobe of the parotid gland and the infra temporal fossa, and the improbability of deep lobe tumours spreading to the infra temporal fossa, although superficial lobe tumours may do so by invasion through the mandibular notch. Attention has been direct to the frequent presentation of these tumours in the superior gingivo-buccal sulcus. Since facial pain is frequently a presenting symptom of these tumours many months before diagnosis, emphasis has been laid on the desirability of CAT scanning forming an integral part of the investigation, especially in patients complaining of undiagnosed facial pain. PMID- 7130844 TI - A surgical technique for reconstruction of full-thickness defects of the cheek and lips after cancer surgery. PMID- 7130845 TI - The use of osteomyocutaneous flaps in mandibular reconstruction. PMID- 7130846 TI - Haemangiopericytoma of the larynx. A clinico-pathological study with review of the literature. PMID- 7130847 TI - Second thoughts on the second filter with special reference to the Kemp echo. PMID- 7130848 TI - The effect of vinblastine sulphate on the neurological elements of the rabbit cochlea. PMID- 7130849 TI - Orthopaedic theatres: a possible noise hazard? PMID- 7130850 TI - Rhinomanometry and septoplasty. PMID- 7130851 TI - Squamous cell carcinomas of the posterior wall of the hypopharynx. PMID- 7130852 TI - Influence of polyunsaturated fats on composition of plasma lipoproteins and apolipoproteins. AB - The mechanisms of the hypocholesterolemic effect of polyunsaturated fats (PUSF) are not well understood. One possibility is that these fats uniquely reduce the cholesterol content of lipoproteins. The present study was carried out to determine specifically whether the ratio of cholesterol-to-protein (or apoB) in LDL (or other lipoproteins) is reduced by PUSF; also, lipoprotein composition was examined for other possible changes. Eight men and two women with different levels of plasma cholesterol were studied on the metabolic ward for 8 weeks. They were given a diet high in saturated fats (SF) for 4 weeks and another rich in PUSF for 4 weeks. On PUSF diets, mean plasma cholesterol decreased by 25% (SF = 296 +/- 27 (SEM) vs. PUSF = 223 +/- 21 mg/dl) as did total plasma apoB (155 +/- 8 vs. 116 +/- 13 mg/dl). LDL-Cholesterol decreased by 26%, and LDL-apoB fell by 29%. The mean ratio of cholesterol-to-apoB did not change significantly (SF = 1.52 +/- 0.04 vs. PUSF = 1.48 +/- 0.07). Likewise, HDL-cholesterol decreased by 15% (SF = 51 +/- 5 vs. PUSF = 43 +/- 4 mg/dl), and total plasma apoA-I was reduced by 19% (95 +/- 15 vs. 77 +/- 6 mg/dl); also, no change in the cholesterol to-apoA-I in HDL was noted. Finally, there were no changes in cholesterol/apoB or triglyceride/apoB ratios in VLDL despite a 23% decrease in plasma triglycerides on PUSF. Thus, the hypocholesterolemic effect of PUSF was uniform for all lipoproteins and usually was accompanied by a corresponding decrease in concentrations of apoprotein constituents. PMID- 7130854 TI - Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry of globotriaosylceramide. AB - Resonances in the carbon-13 natural abundance, proton-decoupled, 90.5 MHz nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of globotriaosylceramide were assigned to specific carbon nuclei. The chemical shifts were rationalized in terms of the number of sugar residues, the sugar ring structures, the positions and anomeric configurations of the intersugar linkages, and the approximate degree of unsaturation of the alkyl chains of the ceramide moiety. PMID- 7130853 TI - Bile acids and lipids in isolated rat hepatocytes: content, synthesis, and release, as affected by cholestyramine treatment of the donor rats. AB - Contents of bile acids and lipids, as well as rates of triglyceride synthesis, were determined in isolated hepatocytes from control or cholestyramine-fed rats (denoted below as "control" or "treated" hepatocytes, respectively). During a 3 hr incubation period, total bile acid production was markedly higher in "treated" cells than in "control" cells. With both kinds of cells a marked fall in production rate occurred after the first hour of incubation. Newly produced bile acids appeared in the conjugated form with both kinds of hepatocytes. "Control" cells produced only taurine-conjugated, while "treated" cells made both taurine conjugated and glycine-conjugated bile acids. However, with exogenous taurine (0.5 mM), the latter cells also produced taurine-conjugated bile acids only. With both kinds of cells, cholic and beta-muricholic acids, but not dihydroxylated bile acids, appeared as newly formed species during the incubation. Addition of dialyzed rat serum to the incubation did not result in a stimulation of bile acid production, with either kind of hepatocytes. "Treated" cells had a slightly higher content of free cholesterol than control cells; contents of other lipids were not different. Fractional release of bile acids and lipids into the medium did not differ between the two kinds of cells. Triglyceride synthesis from added [14C]palmitate (0.5 mM) was 1.8-fold higher in "treated" than in "control" hepatocytes. PMID- 7130855 TI - Compartmentalization of phosphatidylethanolamine in microsomal membranes from rat liver. AB - Microsomal membranes from rat liver were treated with the cross-linking reagent 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DFDNB). Experimental work showed that at a probe concentration of 0.75 mM all free phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS) were found as dinitrophenyl derivatives: 29% of PE was in monomeric form, 9% dimeric, 2% interacted with PS, and 63% cross-linked to protein. PS showed a greater percent in monomeric and dimeric form and only 31% was cross-linked to protein. The cross-linking pattern of PE was clearly different from that pattern which is present in the inner mitochondrial and erythrocyte membranes. In vivo labeling of PE with [(3)H]glycerol and [(3)H]ethanolamine followed by phospholipase A(2) treatment of isolated microsomes established a heterogeneous labeling pattern during the first 2 hours. During this period, the specific activity of the phospholipase A(2)-sensitive compartment was considerably higher. The differential distribution of radioactivity after in vivo labeling in the part of the PE which reacted with increasing concentrations of DFDNB also indicated compartmentalization. After in vivo labeling with the precursors, the time course of the specific radioactivity demonstrated an initial high labeling, almost exclusively in the monomeric form, followed by a later appearance of the label in the protein-bound PE. The experiments indicate that the biosynthesis of PE takes place in a compartment that is more accessible to surface probes and that the labeled molecules are transferred in a time-dependent process to a second compartment where the lipid is not available for phospholipase A(2) action but is available for cross-linking to protein.-Valtersson, C., and G. Dallner. Compartmentalization of phosphatidylethanolamine in microsomal membranes from rat liver. PMID- 7130857 TI - Adipose tissue cellularity in woodchucks: effects of season and captivity at an early age. AB - The objectives of this study were to determine the roles of adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia in the prehibernatory weight gain of adult woodchucks and in the increased body weight of woodchucks born in captivity. The seasonal increase in weight in wild adult woodchucks was associated with an increase approaching tenfold in both body fat and in subcutaneous and retroperitoneal adipocyte size. There was no increase in total adipocyte number. Four groups of woodchucks were used in the study of the effect of captivity: I) animals born to females bred in the laboratory; II) those born to females captured just before parturition; III) those captured at weaning; and IV) animals captured at 12 months of age. At 14 months non-fat body weight and subcutaneous adipocyte size were equal in the four groups. The males but not the females in Groups I, II, and III had both an increased body fat content and a significantly increased total adipocyte number in comparison to the males in Group IV and the adults in the seasonal study. This study demonstrates that captivity at an early age, unlike prehibernatory weight gain, is associated with an increased adipocyte number in male woodchucks, and this increase can occur after weaning. PMID- 7130856 TI - Effects of dietary carbohydrate and fat on plasma lipoproteins and apolipoproteins C-II and C-III in healthy men. AB - Effects of isocaloric changes in dietary fat and carbohydrate on plasma apolipoproteins (apo) C-II, C-III, and lipoproteins were assessed in nine healthy men. Carbohydrate and fat comprised 80% of total calories. After a 1-week basal diet (40% of calories from carbohydrate), the subjects received either a high (65% of calories) or low (15% of calories) carbohydrate diet for 3 weeks; subsequently the diets were switched, those initially on high carbohydrate going on to low carbohydrate, and vice versa, and the new diets were maintained for 3 weeks. ApoC-II, C-III, and triglycerides initially rose and then declined during the high carbohydrate diet period; high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) decreased. Comparing results after 3 weeks of high carbohydrate diet to those after 3 weeks on low carbohydrate, we observed the following significant differences: 1) total plasma apoC-II and C-III were higher; the apoC-III/C-II ratio in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and in the lighter HDL subfraction (HDL2) was lower indicating net lipoprotein enrichment with apoC-II than with apoC-III; 2) unsialylated apoC-III0 comprised a higher percent of total VLDL apoC III mass; 3) HDL2 and HDL2/HDL3 ratio were lower. Isocaloric changes in dietary carbohydrate and fat cause significant alterations in plasma levels of VLDL and HDL 2, the two major lipoproteins that transport apoC-III and apoC-II. Diet induced changes in circulating apoC-III and C-II may, in part, play a role in regulation of plasma triglycerides in man. PMID- 7130858 TI - Isolation of human serum HDL1 by zonal ultracentrifugation. AB - High density lipoprotein subfraction-1 (HDL(1)) is thought to interact with the high-affinity apoprotein B, E receptors of peripheral cells and may act as a modulator of LDL binding and uptake. In the present study the concentration and composition of HDL(1) in normal and hypercholesterolemic sera were studied using zonal ultracentrifugation. To permit separation of the HDL(1) from VLDL, LDL, and Lp(a), the apoB-containing lipoproteins were first precipitated from serum using the phosphotungstic acid/magnesium chloride (PTA/MgCl(2)) method after which the supernatant fraction was subjected to zonal ultracentrifugation. It could be demonstrated that following PTA/MgCl(2) precipitation HDL(1) floats as a single peak at d 1.08-1.09 g/ml (NaBr) and is sufficiently separated from high density lipoprotein-2 (HDL(2)) and high density lipoprotein-3 (HDL(3)). The HDL(2)/HDL(3) subfraction pattern was not affected by the precipitation method. As previously described, in vitro incubation of serum leads to the LCAT-dependent interconversion of HDL(3) or HDL(2). Using the technique described here, it was discovered that a simultaneous elevation of HDL(1) occurred. This increase in HDL(1) concentration could not be observed when LCAT was inhibited by heat inactivation or addition of Ellman's reagent. In normal fresh serum only a small HDL(1) peak could be detected, but in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (apoB, E receptor deficiency) HDL(1) was elevated five to tenfold compared to normal values and further increased in concentration upon incubation of serum. On the other hand, in sera of patients with familial HDL deficiency (Tangier disease), HDL(1) was undetectable. Analysis of the HDL fractions in serum of a patient with abetalipoproteinemia revealed that following in vitro incubation there was formation of HDL(1) despite the lack of apoprotein B-containing lipoproteins. These data support the concept that HDL(1) formation occurs during LCAT-mediated HDL(3)/HDL(2) interconversion in vitro.-Schmitz, G., and G. Assmann. Isolation of human serum HDL(1) by zonal ultracentrifugation. PMID- 7130860 TI - Computerized rapid high resolution quantitative analysis of plasma lipoproteins based upon single vertical spin centrifugation. AB - A method has been developed for rapidly quantitating the cholesterol concentration of normal and certain variant lipoproteins in a large number of patients (over 240 in one week). The method employs a microcomputer interfaced to the vertical autoprofiler (VAP) described earlier (Chung et al. 1981. J. Lipid Res. 22: 1003-1014). Software developed to accomplish rapid on-line analysis of the VAP signal uses peak shapes and positions derived from prior VAP analysis of isolated authentic lipoproteins HDL, LDL, and VLDL to quantitate these species in a VAP profile. Variant lipoproteins VHDL (a species with density greater than that of HDL(3)), MDL (a species, most likely Lp(a), with density intermediate between that of HDL and LDL), and IDL are subsequently quantitated by a method combining difference calculations with curve shapes. The procedure has been validated qualitatively by negative stain electron microscopy, gradient gel electrophoresis, strip electrophoresis, chemical analysis of the lipids, radioimmunoassay of the apolipoproteins, and measurement of the density of the peak centers. It has been validated quantitatively by comparison with Lipid Research Clinic methodology for HDL-, LDL-, and VLDL-cholesterol, and for MDL- and IDL-cholesterol by comparison of the amounts of MDL or IDL predicted to be present by the method with that known to be present following standard addition to whole plasma. These validations show that the method is a rapid and accurate technique of lipoprotein analysis suitable for the routine screening of patients for abnormal amounts of normal or variant lipoproteins, as well as for use as a research tool for quantitation of changes in cholesterol content of six or seven different plasma lipoprotein fractions.-Cone, J. T., J. P. Segrest, B. H. Chung, J. B. Ragland, S. M. Sabesin, and A. Glasscock. Computerized rapid high resolution quantitative analysis of plasma lipoproteins based upon single vertical spin centrifugation. PMID- 7130859 TI - Proposed nomenclature of apoE isoproteins, apoE genotypes, and phenotypes. PMID- 7130861 TI - Inguinal fat pad weight plotted versus body weight as a method of genotype identification in 16-day-old Zucker rats. AB - By plotting the weights of inguinal fat pad versus body weights in littermates from fa/fa X Fa/fa crosses, we observed that the data distributed along two widely separated regression lines as of 16 days of age. This procedure enabled us to determine unequivocally the genotype of every pup in seven litters. By its rapidity, its simplicity, and reliability, this method of genotype identification may be useful to many investigators. PMID- 7130862 TI - Observations of hope. PMID- 7130864 TI - Moire contourography and infrared thermography: changes resulting from chiropractic adjustments. PMID- 7130863 TI - Chiropractic manipulative therapy in the treatment of headaches: a retrospective and prospective study. PMID- 7130866 TI - Cephalgia secondary to neuroma in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis: a case report. AB - A case is presented in which a 26-year-old male with intermittent headaches of many years duration, presents to the Arlington chiropractic Clinic for evaluation and therapy. Routine palpation of the painful area reveals a small mass in the region of the greater occipital nerve. Microscopic examination of the tumor after surgical removal suggests neuroma formation. Headaches did not recur. This patient also experienced exacerbations and remissions of vague low back pain with no radiation. A sacroiliitis was both clinically and radiographically evident. These findings, a positive HLA B27 and the consistent symptom complex allowed a diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis to be ascertained. It is concluded that palpation of the painful area is a vital portion of the physical examination and must be included in all evaluations. This case also demonstrates that the diagnosis of one problem does not preclude the presence of others. When one condition is diagnosed and therapy is instituted, diagnostic suspicion must not be relaxed. PMID- 7130865 TI - Computerized paraspinal skin surface temperature scanning: a technical report. PMID- 7130867 TI - Hemolytic anemia apparently caused by heterozygosity for hemoglobin J-Baltimore. PMID- 7130868 TI - Why the malpractice crisis? PMID- 7130869 TI - Is there trouble in your office family? PMID- 7130871 TI - Isometric exercise testing in diagnostic cardiology. PMID- 7130872 TI - Allrid v. Emory University: applying Georgia's medical malpractice statute of limitations in a difficult case. PMID- 7130873 TI - Prognosis for Alabama infants with birthweights less than or equal to 1000 grams. PMID- 7130874 TI - Out of hospital deliveries in Alabama 1940-1980. PMID- 7130870 TI - Cancer prevention Study II. PMID- 7130875 TI - Experience with superficial temporal-middle cerebral artery bypass surgery for stroke. PMID- 7130876 TI - Neonatal mortality in Alabama 1970-1980. PMID- 7130877 TI - The management of burned hand and its deformities. PMID- 7130878 TI - Injection-corrosion studies upon renal vessels in Oriental subjects. PMID- 7130879 TI - The correlation between the activation coefficient of erythrocyte transketolase activity and diabetic neuropathy. PMID- 7130880 TI - Diabetes mellitus in the tropics: a case with pancreatic calcification and chronic cassava toxicity. PMID- 7130881 TI - Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung. PMID- 7130882 TI - Simulation of cutaneous North American blastomycosis by infected keratinous cyst. PMID- 7130883 TI - Fasciola hepatica in human pancreas. A case report. PMID- 7130884 TI - Hemagglutination for detection of thyroglobulin and microsomal antibodies in Thai people. PMID- 7130886 TI - Androgen and oestrogen dynamics in hyperthyroidism. AB - Using constant infusions of [3H]testosterone and [14C]oestradiol or [3H]androstenedione and [14C]oestrone the dynamics of androgen and oestrogen metabolism and production in patients with hyperthyroidism were measured. The metabolic clearance rates of testosterone and oestradiol were decreased but those of androstenedione and oestrone were within the normal range. The conversion ratios of testosterone to androstenedione and of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were decreased whereas those of androstenedione to testosterone and androstenedione to DHT were increased. These changes could be explained by increased serum levels of sex hormone binding globulin which binds testosterone and DHT but not androstenedione. The fraction of androstenedione infused into and measured as oestrone in the blood was normal in seven out of nine subjects and the fraction of testosterone infused and measured as oestradiol was normal in all nine subjects. The production rates of testosterone and oestradiol were in the normal range but the production rates of androstenedione and oestrone were raised in half the subjects. PMID- 7130885 TI - Influence of adrenalectomy on maturation of gonadotrophin function in the male rat. AB - The effects were studied of adrenalectomy performed at 25 days of age on the maturation of LH function and the testes during puberty (i.e. 30-50 days of age) in the male rat. In intact rats the plasma LH level increased and then decreased and the plasma testosterone level increased progressively. In adrenalectomized rats the plasma levels of LH and testosterone did not vary significantly over the same period of time. Adrenalectomy decreased the plasma levels of LH and testosterone. The different perturbations in hormonal balance induced a decrease in the size of the seminiferous tubules and a delay in spermatogenesis. PMID- 7130887 TI - Pimozide-induced chronic hyperprolactinaemia and quantitative initiation of spermatogenesis in maturing rats. AB - When pimozide was given to maturing rats, a rise in the level of prolactin in the serum was accompanied by a fall in LH. There was also incomplete initiation of spermatogenesis as well as simultaneous adrenal hypertrophy. Bilateral adrenalectomy failed to prevent hyperprolactinaemia-induced antispermatogenic response, while a significant ameliorating effect was observed with LH, indicating that hyperprolactinaemia influenced the quantitative initiation of spermatogenesis by affecting the secretion of LH. PMID- 7130888 TI - Development of sexual dimorphism in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the rat. AB - Synapses develop at similar rates in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of rats of both sexes, but values are higher in male than in female animals from birth to maturity. Male-type development cannot be mimicked by neonatal androgenization but results suggest that female-type development can be induced by neonatal castration of males. The results suggested that both prenatal and postnatal androgens are essential to normal male development. PMID- 7130889 TI - Gestational effects on placental and serum androgen, progesterone and prolactin like activity in the mouse. AB - The concentrations of androgen, progesterone and prolactin-like activity in serum, placentae and media from placental incubations during the second half of pregnancy in the C3H mouse were evaluated. Serum concentrations, placental content and in-vitro placental release of androgen were raised on day 10 of pregnancy. Serum progesterone levels showed minor fluctuations during the second half of gestation, whereas placenta content and in-vitro release of progesterone were increased on day 10 of gestation. The serum profile of prolactin-like activity showed a significant mid-pregnancy increase on day 10 which did not correlate with placental content or in-vitro placental release of prolactin-like activity. The placental content and in-vitro release of prolactin-like activity were low during mid-pregnancy and increased during the latter days of gestation when serum prolactin-like activity was reduced. PMID- 7130890 TI - Influence of protein deficiency in rats on hormonal status and cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptors in maternal and fetal tissues. AB - The influence of dietary protein deficiency on maternal plasma corticosterone and progesterone levels as well as on maternal and fetal liver and lung cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptors has been studied in Sprague-Dawley rats during the last 3 days of gestation. Plasma corticosterone levels of control but not protein deficient rats increased on days 20 and 21 of gestation; corticosterone levels of protein-deficient rats decreased on day 21 of gestation. Maternal adrenalectomy caused only a moderate decrease in corticosterone levels in both groups of pregnant rats. Fetal corticosterone levels of the two groups of rats were similar. Progesterone levels were consistently lower in protein-deficient than in control animals from day 20 of gestation until 2-12 h after parturition. There were no differences in the binding of [3H]dexamethasone to liver cytosol of non pregnant control and protein-deficient rats. However, receptor levels were lower in pregnant controls than in pregnant protein-deficient rats. Maternal protein deficiency led to an increase in fetal liver glucocorticoid receptor levels but exerted no significant effect on receptor levels in fetal lung. It is suggested that lower levels of plasma corticosterone and progesterone and high levels of liver glucocorticoid receptors in protein-deficient rats might be related to some of the adverse consequences of maternal malnutrition on fetal development. PMID- 7130891 TI - Oxytocin may play a role in the control of the human corpus luteum. AB - The effects of oxytocin on dispersed luteal cells from human corpora lutea of the menstrual cycle were studied. Oxytocin at a concentration of 4 mi.u./ml produced a slight increase in basal progesterone production. However, higher oxytocin concentrations (400 and 800 mi.u./ml) markedly inhibited both basal and human chorionic gonadotrophin-induced progesterone production. These data provide evidence for an effect of oxytocin on the human corpus luteum. In view of the inhibitory action of oxytocin, increased secretion of this hormone may be important in the demise of the corpus luteum at the end of the menstrual cycle. PMID- 7130892 TI - The origin of cortisol in the blood of fetal sheep. AB - The blood clearance rate (BCR) of cortisol was measured in non-pregnant ewes and in pregnant ewes and their intact or bilaterally adrenalectomized fetuses. In pregnant sheep the placental transfer of cortisol in both directions was established. The BCR of cortisol in the non-pregnant sheep was 51.7 +2- 4.9 (S.E.M.) l/h (n = 36) or 1.15 l/h per kg body weight. This was lower than that in the pregnant ewe (97-143 days of gestation) of 76.9 +/- 4.21 l/h (n = 9) or 1.85 l/h per kg. In the intact fetus the BCR was 8.2 +/- 0.26 l/h (n = 10) over the same period of gestation. The percentage of the maternal production rate of cortisol transferred to the fetus was 1.4 +/- 0.11% (n = 9) and the placental transfer from fetus to mother was 19.5 +/- 1.5% (n = 8). The BCR in pregnant ewes bearing bilaterally adrenalectomized fetuses was not significantly different from that of mothers of intact fetuses (58.4 +/- 7.7 l/h; n = 6). The BCR of adrenalectomized fetuses was 8.4 +/- 1.37 l/h (n = 8). The placental transfer of cortisol from mother to fetus was sufficient to account for all the cortisol measured in adrenalectomized fetuses and in intact fetuses of 100-121 days of gestation. However, it accounted for only 37% of the cortisol measured in fetuses of 122-135 days of gestation and 12% or less in fetuses older than 136 days of gestation. PMID- 7130894 TI - Direct effect of melatonin on the accessory sexual organs in pinealectomized male rats kept in constant darkness. AB - Pinealectomized and sham-pinealectomized male rats were subcutaneously implanted with 2 cm silicone elastomer capsules filled with testosterone or dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and placed in constant darkness (DD) for 50 days. The data revealed that the sham-pinealectomized group treated with testosterone differed from the pinealectomized group, having lower weights of accessory sexual organs and levator ani muscle. Pinealectomy had no effect on organ and muscle weights of DHT-treated animals. Exposure of male rats to DD resulted in a marked decrease in weights of ventral prostate, seminal vesicle, coagulating gland and levator ani muscle and a decrease in plasma DHT levels. However there was no significant reduction in plasma LH, FSH or testosterone. Pinealectomy of the rats exposed to DD resulted in restoration of both DHT levels and accessory sex organ weights. Melatonin implants in pinealectomized males led to an increase in both testosterone and DHT levels, accompanied by a decrease in sexual organ weights. The data indicate that the anti-gonadal effect of the pineal gland cannot be completely mediated by melatonin and that melatonin and some unknown factors can act at the tissue level to reduce the size and function of the affected sexual organs. PMID- 7130893 TI - A new bioassay for human growth hormone based on incorporation of labelled proline into skin. AB - An in-vitro bioassay for human growth hormone (hGH) has been developed, based on the dose-related enhancement of radioactivity in skin of hypophysectomized rats given daily s.c. injections of hGH and a single i.p. injection of labelled proline. The measured radioactivity, taken as the response, was shown to be independent of the site at which the skin was sampled. Valid dose-response relationships were obtained after as little as 3 days of treatment with GH. The assays by this method are shown to be more precise than the widely used weight gain and tibial-width bioassays. Assays carried out gave an average index of precision of 0.036. PMID- 7130895 TI - Autoshaped key pecking maintained by access to a social space. AB - When four experimentally naive pigeons were exposed to occasional forward pairings of a keylight followed by a doorlight (that signaled access to a large social space), all subjects began to peck the lit key. In a second experiment, where the keylight either preceded the presentation of the doorlight or was presented independently of it, key pecking was maintained only in the former circumstance. The unconditioned stimulus in these experiments--arrival in the social space--did not elicit pecking. Hence, the conditioned response of key pecking and the unconditioned response of entering the social space differed. This demonstration of autoshaping with a social-space unconditioned stimulus argues against a stimulus-substitution account of the findings. PMID- 7130896 TI - The neuromuscular basis of swimming movements in embryos of the amphibian Xenopus laevis. AB - When removed from their egg membranes, Xenopus embryos can swim. High-speed cinematography shows that, in swimming, lateral undulations pass rostro-caudally down the body. The swimming rhythm period is 40-100 ms. In swimming, electrical activity in myotomal muscles alternates on opposite sides of a segment and sweeps rostro-caudally in ipsilateral myotomes. Myotome muscle physiology was examined. Muscle fibres are electrically coupled to each other, and the fibres are able to spike. The possible role of a myotomal conduction pathway in swimming is discussed. PMID- 7130897 TI - The central nervous origin of the swimming motor pattern in embryos of Xenopus laevis. AB - Rhythmic motor nerve activity was recorded in stage 37/38 Xenopus embryos paralysed with curare. The activity was similar to the swimming motor pattern in the following ways: cycle period (40-125 ms), alternation of activity on either side of a segment, rostro-caudal phase lag. Episodes of rhythmic motor activity could be evoked by stimuli that evoke swimming and inhibited by stimuli that normally inhibit swimming. On this basis we conclude that the swimming motor pattern is generated by a central nervous mechanism and is not dependent on sensory feedback. In addition to the swimming pattern, another pattern of motor activity ('synchrony') was sometimes recorded in curarized embryos. In this, the rhythmic bursts on either side of a segment occurred in synchrony, and the rhythm period (20-50 ms) was half that in swimming. This was probably not an artifact of curarization as there were indications of a similar pattern in uncurarized embryos. Its function remains unclear. PMID- 7130898 TI - The neuromuscular basis of rhythmic struggling movements in embryos of Xenopus laevis. AB - Xenopus embryos struggle when restrained. Struggling involves rhythmic movements of large amplitude, in which waves of bending propagate from the tail to the head. Underlying this, electrical activity in myotomal muscles occurs in rhythmic bursts that alternate on either side of a segment. Bursts in ipsilateral segments occur in a caudo-rostral sequence. Curarized embryos can generate motor nerve activity in a struggling pattern in the absence of rhythmic sensory stimulation; the pattern is therefore produced by a central pattern generator. PMID- 7130899 TI - Differences between directly measured and calculated values for cardiac output in the dogfish: a criticism of the Fick method. AB - Cardiac output has been measured directly, and calculated by the Fick method, during normoxia and hypoxia in six artificially perfused dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula) in an attempt to estimate the accuracy of this method in fish. The construction and operation of a simple extra-corporeal cardiac bypass pump is described. This pump closely mimics the flow pulse profiles of the fish's own heart and allows complete control of both cardiac stroke volume and systolic and diastolic periods. During normoxia (PO2 = 21 kPa) there was no significant difference between directly measured and calculated values for cardiac output. However, some shunting of blood past the respiratory surface of the gills may have been obscured by cutaneous oxygen uptake. In response to hypoxia (PO2 = 8.6 kPa) there is either a decrease in the amount of blood being shunted past the respiratory surface of the gills and/or an increase in cutaneous oxygen uptake such that the Fick calculated value for cardiac output is on average 38% greater than the measured value. It is proposed that the increase in the levels of circulating catecholamines that is reported to occur in response to hypoxia in this species may play an important role in the observed response to hypoxia. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for the calculation of cardiac output by the Fick principle in fish. PMID- 7130900 TI - Antigenic variation of Borrelia hermsii. AB - At least 24 different serotypes were detected in populations of Borrelia hermsii that originated from a single organism. These serotypes were identified by staining with specific fluoresceinated antisera prepared against cloned populations of living organisms of each type. In the order of decreasing frequency, the 10 types more often encountered were 7, which was clearly dominant, and 2, 17, 24, 13, 2, 1, 21, 11, and 12. Each of the 24 types were shown to change to 7 or more other serotypes. Spirochetemia in mice was persistent, and relapses occurred when the concentration of organisms was sufficient for detection by visual means. After mice were inoculated with a single organism, peak spirochetemia usually occurred on day 4, after which clearance of organisms occurred, and an apparently pure population was replaced by a mixed population consisting of as many as seven variants. These types persisted for 2-3 d before being replaced by other types. Conversions occurred constantly and were independent of relapses. The rate of conversion in mice treated with cyclophosphamide to delay antibody production was comparable to that of controls. Spontaneous conversion was clearly demonstrated in tubes of fortified Kelly's medium inoculated with a single organism of type 7 or 21. 11 different variants appeared in eight cultures of type 21 by the time growth had reached 4 X 10(6)-10(7) organisms/ml. The rate of spontaneous change was estimated to be or approximately 10(-4)-10(-3) per cell per generation. PMID- 7130901 TI - Variable major proteins of Borrellia hermsii. AB - Borrelia hermsii, a relapsing fever agent, manifests antigenic variation in vivo and in vitro. We studied three mouse-passaged serotypes of strain HS1 (7, 14, and 21) and a HS1 derivative obtained after multiple in vitro passages (C serotype). All four serotypes had two major proteins in whole cell lysates fractionated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. One major protein species (pII) had the same apparent subunit molecular weight (or approximately 3.9 X 10(4) in all the serotypes. In contrast, the other abundant protein in lysates, pI, had a different apparent molecular weight in each serotype. In one gel the molecular weights of pIc, pI7, pI14, and pI21 were 1.9, 4.2, 4.1, and 4.0 X 10(4), respectively. Serotype-specific mouse antisera bound to both hemologous and heterologous pIIs, to homologous pI, but not to heterologous pI in Western blots. Hybridomas were raised from spleens of mice infected with B. hermsii. Monoclonal antibodies were identified by immunofluorescence assays using whole organisms. Monoclonal antibodies specific for serotype 7 (H1826) or for serotype 21 (H3326) bound only to pI7 or pI21, respectively, in Western blots. The surface location of the pI was suggested not only by the immunofluorescence studies but also by the labeling of pI7 and pI21 when whole cells of serotypes 7 and 21 were incubated with 125I in the presence of Iodogen. Under the same circumstances, pII was relatively poorly labeled. These studies have identified the variable pI proteins of B. hermsii as serotype-specific antigens. A change from one pI to another may be the basis of antigenic variation of Borrelia species during relapsing fever. PMID- 7130902 TI - Loss of secretion in mouse-human hybrids need not be due to the loss of a structural gene. AB - Three cloned mouse-human lines (B1-29, E2-42, and A2-31) secreting human immunoglobulin (Ig) were obtained from a fusion between the mouse myeloma line NS 1 and human tonsillar lymphocytes stimulated in vitro with pokeweed mitogen. One line, B1-29, has continued to secrete human IgG for a period of 2 yr in culture. This line was recloned three times to give a panel of secreting and nonsecreting subclones. Most of the nonsecreting subclones had also lost surface Ig. The structural genes for human Ig heavy chains have been provisionally assigned to chromosome 14, which also encodes the enzyme nucleoside phosphorylase. Human nucleoside phosphorylase was detected in all secreting and nonsecreting B1-29 subclones, indicating the presence of human chromosome 14. The retention of chromosome 14 in nonsecreting clones implied that the structural genes for human Ig were A2-31 and E2-42, which had stopped secreting, an attempt was made to restimulate the secreting of human Ig with mitogens A2-31 was unique among the cell lines examined, in that chromosome 14 could not be detected by an isoenzyme marker. Lipopolysaccharide, at an optimum dose of 10 micrograms/ml, restimulated these nonsecreting hybrid lines to secrete human IgG in levels up to 0.7 micrograms/ml. Loss of Ig secretion may not therefore be caused by loss of Ig structural genes. PMID- 7130903 TI - Localization at high resolution of antibody-induced mobilization of vaccinia virus hemagglutinin and the major histocompatibility antigens on the plasma membrane of infected cells. AB - We examined the consequence of simultaneous or independent binding of monospecific antibody to the hemagglutinin (HA) of vaccinia virus and the A-, B- and -determinants of HLA on HeLa or Raji cells or KkDk determinants of H-2 on L929 cells. The bound antibodies were marked by goat-anti-mouse (GAM) or goat anti-rabbit (GAR) fluorochrome conjugates suitable for light microscopy and GAM or GAR gold conjugates, used in electron microscopy. Specificity and amount of antibody adsorbed was ascertained by complement-mediated lysis of 51Cr-labeled cells and by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis. Regardless of the order of either antibody to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) or antibody to HA addition after warming to 37 degrees C, there was evidence by light microscopy for co-patching and co-capping of the viral and host antigens. Electron microscopic examination revealed that goat-anti-rabbit 20 nM gold conjugate and goat-anti-mouse 5 nM gold conjugate, marking respectively the HA and MHC molecules, became concentrated in patched or caps in which the two antigens frequently overlapped or were closely associated. The contiguous MHC and HA antigens were also engulfed, as evidenced from the of two sizes of gold particles inside endocytic vacuoles. The significance of these observations is discussed in relation to the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated killing virus-infected targets. PMID- 7130904 TI - Protein antigens of the RNA-protein complexes detected by anti-SM and anti-RNP antibodies found in serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and related disorders. AB - Evidence has been obtained previously indicating that the antigens reacting with the anti-Sm and anti-RNP sera are present as a large complex, and similar protein bands are obtained with both types of sera. Inthe present study, it proved possible to break up this complex using SDS treatment before immunoprecipitation. After such treatment, different protein bands were immunoprecipitated by the two antisera; Sm determinants resided, at least partially, in a 19-kd protein. Sequential immunoprecipitation with and without prior SDS treatment provided further evidence for these specificities and suggested that two classes of particles exist in different tissues, one containing proteins immunoreactive with the Sn and RNP antisera and the other containing proteins immunoreactive only with the Sm antisera. The latter particle contained all the bands seen with the first type except for the absence of the 19-kd band. Nitrocellulose blot analyses confirmed the assignment of the 25- and 16-kd polypeptides to Sm antigenic determinants; analyses for RNP proved les informative by this technique. Some differences in the banding patterns were obtained using cells from different species: the 25-kd Sm band was usually double in human cells and single in rat and rabbit tissue. Methods of extraction also caused some differences which was especially true for the rabbit thymus extract widely used for Sm and RNP studies. Additional immunoreactive bands at 68 and 70 kd also were detected when the Sm and RNP antisera were used in nitrocellulose blot analyses. Furthermore, evidence was obtained for a number of other antibodies in lupus sera which have not as yet been detected by serological methods. PMID- 7130909 TI - Validity of monoamine oxidase in serum for diagnosis of liver cirrhosis: estimation of predictive values, sensitivities and specificities. AB - The validity of monoamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.4) activity in serum for the diagnosis of fibroproliferative liver disorders was assessed by measuring the specificity, sensitivity and positive and negative predictive values of the enzyme. Enzyme activity was measured in sera of 567 patients including those with biochemically and/or histologically verified non-fibrotic liver diseases (n = 64), liver fibrosis (n = 45), and liver cirrhosis (n = 51). The fraction of liver cirrhotic subjects with pathologically elevated monoamine oxidase activity (greater than 630 U/1) was 0.61, whereas only 0.16 of the cases with liver fibrosis and 0.11 of those with non-fibrotic liver diseases had abnormally high enzyme activities. Among the various categories of diseases tested, significantly increased enzyme activities were confined to liver cirrhosis and chronic active hepatitis. For liver cirrhosis, sensitivities and specificities were calculated as functions of various cut-off (critical) values of monoamine oxidase activity in serum, and with respect to a reference population of healthy men and non cirrhotic subjects. The predictive value of the positive test result (enzyme activity higher than 720 U/1) at a prevalence of liver cirrhosis of maximum 0.033 (estimated incidence of chronic liver diseases in West Germany) is 0.68 if tested against healthy persons and less than 0.30 if tested against patients with non liver cirrhotic diseases. It is concluded that monoamine oxidase is probably not helpful in the early diagnosis of fibroproliferative liver dysfunctions but may provide a parameter of complications of cirrhosis, e.g. portal-systemic collateral circulation (portal hypertension). PMID- 7130908 TI - The suitability of the iliac crest biopsy in the element analysis of bone and marrow. AB - Bone samples from the iliac crest were taken from 20 subjects and the content of some trace elements (iron, zinc, selenium, cobalt, strontium, aluminium, scandium, rubidium and fluorine) and of the matrix elements calcium, phosphorus and sodium was determined. The samples were taken in accordance with Burkhardt's method, which is often used in hospital for bone biopsies. The sources of errors occurring during the analysis of trace elements using this clinical procedure and the contamination of the samples by blood and the surrounding tissue are discussed. In-vivo activation analysis is also discussed as an alternative method of element analysis of the skeleton. PMID- 7130907 TI - The determination of calcium, glucose, urea and uric acid using the Kodak EKTACHEM multilayer film technology: an evaluation. AB - Calcium, glucose, urea and uric acid determinations on the "'Kodak Ektachem Four Chemistry Analyzer" were tested for precision and an estimation of the accuracy was performed with our laboratory routine methods using patients' sera and proficiency fluids. Precision -- examined over a period of six weeks -- was very good. Even the very stringent claim of the College of American Pathologists (CAP) -- that analytical dispersion should be less than 1/16th of the normal range -- was fulfilled in almost all control samples. The results from patients' sera measured using both the Ektachem and the routine laboratory methods showed very good correlation. Proficiency fluids tested for calcium, glucose and uric acid all resulted in values well within the assigned interval. Some negative bias was noted for the urea determination however. This could not be completely eliminated even though the samples had been reconstituted with a bicarbonate solution according to the manufacturer's instructions. The linear range of the four determinations was checked: calcium is linear up to 4.2 mmol/l, glucose up to 33 mmol/l, urea up to 60 mmol/l and uric acid up to 1370 mumol/l. Our results confirmed the long-term stability of analyzer and slides to be so high that one calibration per week is sufficient. PMID- 7130905 TI - Hematological characterization of congenital osteopetrosis in op/op mouse. Possible mechanism for abnormal macrophage differentiation. AB - Compared with normal littermates, the op/op mice had very few macrophages in the peritoneal cavity and severely reduced numbers of monocytes in the peripheral blood. Moreover, osteopetrotic animals demonstrated an altered distribution of hemopoietic tissue with a 10-fold decrease in the number of marrow cells. Liver hemopoiesis persisted in 4-wk-old mice as evidenced by the presence of hemopoietic stem cells (HSC). Moreover, the concentration of HSC was decreased in marrow and increased in the spleen of op/op mice. In spite of the paucity of cells of monocyte-macrophage lineage in vivo, progenitor cells from hemopoietic tissues of op/op mice formed increased numbers of monocyte-macrophage colonies in vitro in the presence of exogenous colony-stimulating activity (CSA). The source of this critical CSA was a medium conditioned by stromal fibroblastoid colonies formed in vitro by normal marrow cells. Therefore, these data suggest that op/op mice possess normal monocyte-macrophage-osteoclast progenitor cells but these cells are unable to fully differentiate in the op/op mouse microenvironment. In support of this, in cultures of stromal fibroblastoid colonies from op/op marrow or spleen, the concomitant growth of macrophages, normally very dense, was drastically reduced. Moreover, transplantation of op/op spleen cells into lethally irradiated littermate recipients resulted in their hemopoietic reconstitution without signs of macrophage defect. Thus, the op/op splenic cells do not transfer the disease and are capable of normal differentiation in normal in vivo environment. These observations support the hypothesis that the defect in op/op mice is a result of the failure of hemopoietic stromal fibroblastoid cells to release sufficient amounts of CSA necessary for normal differentiation of cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage. PMID- 7130906 TI - [Bases for the use of information theory in qualitative clinical chemical investigations. Use of information theory in clinical chemical investigations, I]. AB - Using information theory, a model communication channel has been constructed to assess the information gain from the performance of clinical chemical tests, in particular qualitative tests. The construct of the model communication channel is especially clear, and it can be easily adapted to the most varied clinical enquiries. The information theoretical parameters, transinformation and test capacity, are used to characterize the information properties of a clinical chemical test. The calculations necessary for the practical application can (primarily when matrices are used) be performed without difficulty, even by non mathematicians, using modern table calculators. The procedure is illustrated with many numerical examples, and especially applied to combination of qualitative tests. PMID- 7130911 TI - Government regulation of patient's rights. PMID- 7130912 TI - Continuity of care. PMID- 7130913 TI - Occupational illness in family practice. PMID- 7130914 TI - Nutrition instruction in a clerkship. PMID- 7130915 TI - Pap smear screening and invasive cervical cancer. AB - Possible failures of Pap smear screening were assessed among 63 cases of invasive cervical cancer that occurred in a group practice population between 1965 and 1975. Review of medical records revealed 33 (53 percent) cases with no history of Pap smears within two years prior to diagnosis. Among the 30 patients with recent Pap screening, 11 (17 percent) had negative smears; these could only be explained as false negatives or unusually rapid progression of disease. The remaining 19 (30 percent) had abnormal smear results, a number of whom received suboptimal follow-up care. Similar experiences have been reported from several other health care settings. Implications for preventive practices are discussed. PMID- 7130916 TI - Impact of flexible sigmoidoscopy on physician compliance with colorectal cancer screening protocol. AB - The flexible sigmoidoscope may represent a partial solution to the longstanding problem of physician and patient noncompliance with sigmoidoscopy for the detection of colorectal cancer. A three-year longitudinal audit of medical records revealed at least a sevenfold increase in the number of sigmoidoscopies performed after the introduction of flexible sigmoidoscopy to a salaried medical group. This procedure has made a significant contribution to patient care and resident education in the UCLA family practice residency program. PMID- 7130910 TI - Self-ratings of skills in geriatric medicine by family physicians. PMID- 7130919 TI - Stepfamilies as patients. AB - Census figures point out the increase in the population of stepfamilies, families in which one adult is a stepparent. Since it is likely that family physicians will have more stepfamilies in their patient populations than in previous times, it is important for physicians to be aware of the characteristics of stepfamilies that are not present in intact nuclear families. These characteristic are (1) the formation of the stepfamily out of loss, (2) a common history of some family members, (3) a parent-child bond that predates the couple bond, (4) a biological parent elsewhere, (5) children as members of two households, and (6) the legal limitations of the step relationship. Functions the physician might be able to serve for the stepfamily as its members work on the tasks associated with each characteristics are described. Recommendations for residency training and resources for physician and patient education are given. PMID- 7130920 TI - Pediatric health care in family practice. AB - This paper describes the 32,926 health care problems of 9,117 pediatric patients visiting 12 Colorado family practices (4 rural, 3 urban, and 5 residency practices) over a one-year period. All 12 practices utilize the Family Medicine Information System (FMIS), a selectively automated system for storing and analyzing medical, family, and billing data. Age-sex distribution, visiting patterns, and morbidity are described for patients under 18 years of age. The 25 most frequent pediatric diagnoses account for 77 percent of visits, and 121 diagnoses account for 94 percent of pediatric visits. All diagnostic categories are explored in detail, and comparisons are made among urban, rural, and residency practices. PMID- 7130918 TI - Ethical considerations concerning adolescents consulting for contraceptive services. AB - Adolescents increasingly come to physicians' offices for contraceptive care. This raises the issue of parental involvement, often formulated in terms of conflict around the issues of consent and confidentiality. In the past two decades, a new philosophy has emerged that deals with the issues from a perspective of the "civil rights" of adolescents. This concept, referred to as the "mature minor doctrine," allows for parents or the state to represent the minors' interest only as long as the adolescent is not able to do so. The ethical justification for this position is based on the principles of autonomy and beneficence. The legal implications are being developed in state laws which recognize that teenagers should have access to confidential medical care in order to facilitate contraceptive knowledge and prevention of pregnancy. PMID- 7130917 TI - Obstructive epiglottitis in adults. AB - Acute epiglottitis, considered primarily a disease of infancy and early childhood, is seen rarely in adulthood but may be increasing in incidence. Although it may appear more slowly in adults, it is imperative to establish a rapid diagnosis and promptly assure care for this life-threatening disease. Epiglottitis may cause total obstruction of the upper airway, and it often falls to the primary care physician to discriminate this disease from the many self limiting infections of the upper airway. The diagnosis should be considered if dysphagia and sore throat are not accompanied by hoarseness. Management of the airway is the first priority, but intravenous antibiotic use is justified. PMID- 7130921 TI - Insect stings. AB - Recently, significant gains have been made in the care of the patient allergic to stinging insects. Though epinephrine continues to be the drug of choice for the management of the anaphylactic reaction, newer delivery systems allow self administration of the drug immediately following a sting to abort or attenuate a subsequent reaction. Patients most at risk, those with a history of life threatening episodes of anaphylaxis following a sting, can be diagnosed and treated with the recently released Hymenoptera venoms with the expectation of excellent results. This success, however, has been accompanied by the frustration of not knowing the natural course of the disease in sufficient detail to counsel in cases of less dramatic insect hypersensitivity. PMID- 7130923 TI - Evaluation of the patient-centered pelvic examination. PMID- 7130922 TI - Subacute thyroiditis in a primary care clinic. PMID- 7130925 TI - The peripheral generation of action potentials in excitatory motor neurons of a crab. AB - The effects of temperature on the firing patterns of the excitatory motor supply to the bender muscle were examined in autotomized walking limbs of the crab Pachygrapsus crassipes. A brief electrical shock applied to the limb nerve evoked an action potential in one or both of the excitor axons and an excitatory junctional potential (ejp) in the bender muscle fibers. However, at high temperatures a single shock to one of the excitor axons (E2) resulted in a short train of nerve spikes and a concomitant burst of ejps. Extracellular recordings made from two sites along the E2 axon demonstrated that the additional action potentials are generated peripherally. Furthermore, myogram recordings from bender muscles in untethered animals indicate that peripheral generation of spikes does take place in intact crabs exposed to high temperatures. The peripheral generation of action potentials exhibited a critical temperature threshold which could be altered by acclimation and by low levels of ethanol in the saline bathing the autotomized limb preparation. This phenomenon may, therefore, be closely associated with membrane fluidity. PMID- 7130924 TI - Purification and physical properties of arginase from Xenopus laevis. AB - Arginase from the liver of Xenopus laevis has been purified to homogeneity by heat treatment, acetone fractionation, and isoelectric focussing. The main component had an isoelectric point (I.E.P.) of 7.3; there is a minor component of I.E.P. 7.8. The molecular weight of the enzyme, as determined by gel filtration on Sephadex G200, is 76,000 daltons, substantially less than that of rat liver arginase studied concurrently. The molecular weight of the subunits, as determined by electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate, is 18,000 daltons, again less than that of rat liver arginase. The data indicate that Xenopus liver arginase, like rat liver arginase, is a tetramer. The molecular weight of arginase from adult Xenopus laevis corresponds to that from larval Rana esculenta. PMID- 7130926 TI - Nonuniform distribution of enzymes in fish eggs. AB - The distribution of enzymes in the blastoderm and the yolk was investigated in the eggs of the bony fish, Misgurnus fossilis. The total activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD), and aldolase (ALD) did not change during early development. However, the enzymes were redistributed in the egg: at the blastula stage the blastoderm contains about 60% of the total ALD activity and 80% of the total LDH and G-6-PD activities. The "free cytoplasm" volume, in which the enzymic proteins can be solubilized, is greater in the yolk than in the blastoderm. Low levels of homologous enzymes from other species injected into the egg are distributed between the blastoderm and the yolk in the same way as are the native enzymes; they are primarily localized in the blastoderm. Injected exogenous enzyme concentrates preferentially in the yolk, apparently being distributed proportionately with respect to the "free cytoplasm" volumes. The ratio of these "free cytoplasmic" volumes, determined by distribution of the injected enzyme (LDH), in the yolk and in the blastoderm is 6.8. On the basis of our results we propose that many egg enzymes are noncovalently bound to blastoderm structures, and that the "nonbound" fraction of the enzymes in the cytosol is distributed proportionally to the "free cytoplasm" volumes in the blastoderm and in the yolk. Fractionation of the subcellular constituents of blastoderm extracts by ultracentrifugation or by gel filtration on Sepharose in the presence of an excess of LDH reveals the high-molecular weight LDH-containing complexes. These complexes are absent in the yolk and in the unfertilized eggs. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the binding of the enzyme to subcellular structures in the blastoderm is an important mechanism in ooplasmic segregation. PMID- 7130927 TI - The role of androgens in follicular development in the ovary. I. A quantitative analysis of oocyte ovulation. AB - In an attempt to understand more fully processes that control the selection or recruitment of follicles for ovulation, the superovulation paradigm in combination with the androgen, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, or the antiandrogens, cyproterone or cyproterone acetate, was used in the immature mouse to alter the developmental potential of follicles destined to ovulate or to become atretic. Quantitative analysis of the numbers of eggs ovulated after one or more rounds of stimulation by pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin followed by human chorionic gonadotrophin (PMSG-hCG), revealed a dose-dependent ovulation response to exogenous androgen and antiandrogen. Low dosages of androgen improved the ovulation response significantly. Large dosages of cyproterone and cyproterone acetate (100 mg/kg body weight) generally decreased the ovulation number in gonadotrophin-injected mice, suggesting a role for androgen in preovulatory events that occur within the ripened follicle after the ovulatory stimulus (hCG) has been received. Low dosages of cyproterone, particularly 25 mg/kg, significantly enhanced the ovulatory response, a phenomenon not observed for cyproterone acetate at this dosage. Radioimmunoassays of serum LH suggested that the differential response of the ovary to the two antiandrogens was probably related to endogenous LH release. Experiments in which the time of administration of hCG +/- cyproterone was varied after PMSG priming suggested that cyproterone at a dosage of 25 mg/kg had a "rescuing" effect on follicles destined to become atretic for up to 96 hr after PMSG priming. Cyproterone at a dosage of 100 mg/kg had no such effect, and actually decreased the magnitude of the ovulatory response at all time points tested, suggesting that follicular atresia was accelerated by this treatment. Experiments in which the time of administration of cyproterone (100 mg/kg) was varied after hCG suggested that whatever the important androgen-mediated events preceding ovulation, these events occur within 2 to 3 hr after the hCG signal. By quantitating the numbers of eggs over several superovulation cycles, it could be shown that hormonal treatment in one induced cycle could affect significantly the ovulation response in subsequent cycles, suggesting that androgens influence the development of classes of follicles other than preovulatory follicles. These studies suggest that the process through which follicles are selected for ovulation is extremely sensitive to the androgenic environment and that the developmental pathways leading to ovulation or preovulatory follicular atresia are closely linked. PMID- 7130928 TI - Characterization of spermatid/sperm basic chromosomal proteins in the genus Xenopus (Anura, Pipidae). AB - Spermatid/sperm basic chromosomal proteins from 17 species and subspecies of the genus Xenopus (Anura, Pipidae) were compared. Electrophoresis on acetic acid/urea/Triton X-100 polyacrylamide gels revealed that each Xenopus species with a diploid chromosome number of 36, 72, or 108 showed multiple, diverse spermatid/sperm-specific basic chromatin proteins with mobilities greater than the somatic histones. The numbers and mobilities of these proteins were characteristic of each Xenopus species and each subspecies of Xenopus laevis. Cytochemical tests revealed that the sperm basic nuclear proteins of these Xenopus species and subspecies were rich in arginine and lysine and contained more arginine than the nuclear proteins of somatic cells. X. tropicalis (2n = 20) and X. sp. n. (Zaire) displayed spermatid/sperm-specific basic chromatin proteins which migrated within the histone H1 region of acetic acid/urea/Triton X-100 polyacrylamide gels. Cytochemically the sperm nuclei of these species resembled those of somatic cells. These observations suggest that spermatid/sperm basic nuclear proteins can be used as molecular markers for individual species and subspecies of the genus Xenopus. PMID- 7130929 TI - Sperm interaction with the zona-free hamster egg. AB - The interaction of sperm with the zona-free hamster egg was studied. Hamster sperm were capacitated in Tyrodes media, containing 50% heat-inactivated serum and used to inseminate zona-free eggs in BWW containing 10% serum. Capacitated sperm began fusing with eggs within the first hour of insemination and by 3 h penetration had ceased as indicated by the absence of further changes in the mean number of sperm incorporated per egg. Penetration by capacitated hamster sperm was linearly related to the log of the motile sperm concentration at concentrations above 10(4) cells/ml. The viability of sperm and eggs in culture was limited in these studies to approximately 3-5 h. The existence of a block to unlimited sperm penetration of the zona-free egg was sought in reinsemination experiments. A relatively low sperm concentration was used to initiate egg responses, followed, at timed intervals, by reinsemination with a high challenge concentration of sperm. Subsequent polyspermy levels reflected the presence or absence of the egg's block to polyspermy response. In order to circumvent the problems arising from the rapid aging of hamster sperm in culture, mouse sperm were employed, a convenience afforded by the lack of species specificity in this egg. Reinseminated eggs incorporated additional sperm during the challenge; therefore, the hamster egg is not capable of preventing unlimited sperm penetration. The implications of these findings to the use of the zona-free hamster egg test in fertility evaluation is discussed. PMID- 7130930 TI - Mouse embryos and uterine epithelia show adhesive interactions in culture. AB - To investigate the cellular mechanisms in preimplantation adhesion of the mammalian blastocyst to uterine epithelium, it is essential to avoid the complexities of the maternal environment but at the same time prevent the introduction of competing artificial surfaces, to which embryos preferentially adhere. We demonstrate here that sealed vesicles of isolated uterine epithelium cultured together with blastocysts in hanging drops provide an optimum system for encouraging and observing the adhesive interactions. The responses of the embryonic and maternal cells were identical to those known in vivo. Microvilli were seen on both surfaces, and in places the membranes were drawn into close apposition with some desmosomelike junctions. After blastocyst adhesion occurred trophoblast cells invaded the epithelium and showed phagocytic activity, closely resembling the invasion that follows adhesion during normal pregnancy in mice. Key words blastocyst, cell adhesion, implantation, microvilli, phagocytosis, trophoblast. PMID- 7130932 TI - Water exchange and water balance in arthropods. PMID- 7130933 TI - Regulation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase: inheritance and biochemistry of a low-activity genetic variant in the platyfish, Xiphophorus maculatus. AB - Analysis of an electrophoretic variant coded by the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-2 (GAPD2) locus of the platyfish (Xiphophorus maculatus) revealed that the variant allele produced a defective subunit. As a homotetramer (from tissue extracts of homozygotes), the variant enzyme had only 12% the activity of homotetramers specified by the normal allele. In heterozygotes the defective subunits aggregated with the normal subunits to produce hybrid tetramers in the amounts expected for equal production of the two subunits by the two alleles but with the activity reduction expected according to the subunit composition. The total activities of muscle extracts in heterozygotes were reduced to about 55% of normal, consistent with that expected if neither compensatory synthesis of allelic products of the GAPD2 locus nor the GAPD1 locus took place. This result implies that regulation of the production of this enzyme is constitutive (produced at maximal rate) or depends on a mechanism which does not recognize the functional activity of the gene products. The absence of detectable segregation distortion suggests that the variant had no significant effect on viability, and thus may be selectively neutral, though producing in several tissues an activity deficiency of 88% in homozygotes. PMID- 7130931 TI - Cyclophosphamide-induced leukopenia and suppression of limb regeneration in the adult newt, notophthalmus viridescens. AB - Cyclophosphamide (cytoxan), a clinical immunosuppressant, produced a marked, persistent leukopenia (greater than 40% reduction) in adult newts in contrast to a transient, milder leukopenia accompanying amputations without cytoxan treatments. In addition, cytoxan suppressed the formation of regeneration blastemata initially: however, blastema formation occurred if a second amputation was performed two or more weeks following the cessation of cytoxan treatments. The failure of the leukopenias of these latter cases to be corrected suggests that although a cytoxan-induced leukopenia is correlated with the absence of forelimb regeneration, this leukopenia is not, of itself, a sufficient condition to inhibit regeneration. PMID- 7130935 TI - Pattern regulation during regeneration of embryonically produced symmetrical forelimbs in the axolotl, ambystoma mexicanum. AB - Embryonic axolotls (Stages 32-34) underwent surgery during which a graft of flank tissue was transferred from a donor animal to the anterior margin of the forelimb field in a host animal. Double-posterior forelimbs containing from one to eight digits developed. These limbs were amputated at a level proximal to the elbow to assess their regenerative ability. The majority (62%) of these limbs failed to regenerate externally visible structures. Symmetrical limbs bearing five digits or more than five digits regenerated with greatest frequency (54%). Symmetrical forelimbs bearing four digits or fewer that four digits regenerated less frequently (31%). All regenerates displayed double-posterior symmetry and usually contained fewer digits than were present in the original limb. The significance of these findings is discussed in the context of the current model for pattern regulation in epimorphic fields. PMID- 7130934 TI - Red cell metabolism in buffaloes and camels. AB - Red cell GSH, GSH regeneration rates, and the activities of ten enzymes were measured in the red blood cells of camels and buffaloes. The activity of G6PD was found to be much higher in both the species compared to that found in other ruminants such as sheep, goats, and cattle. Although there were no significant differences in the level of red cell GSH in the two species, there was a striking differences in the rate of GSH regeneration, the mean rate of 0.162 +/- 0.009 mumoles/min/gHb in the camels was significantly higher than the 0.082 +/- 0.011 mumoles/min/gHb observed in the buffaloes. PMID- 7130936 TI - Timing of gastrulation in fused double-embryos formed from eggs with different cleavage schedules in the starfish, Asterina pectinifera. AB - The aim of this study is to explore the control mechanism which regulates the timing of gastrulation. We wished to know whether the timing is rigidly determined within the constituting cells of the embryo of whether it is changed by intercellular communication systems. Starfish-fused double-embryos were formed by contact between pairs of denuded eggs with different cleavage schedules, one egg in each pair being distinguished with vital stain. Electron microscopy revealed identical ultrastructural characteristics in every cell contact: Septate junctions were found not only between cells in the contact area between the two counterparts constituting a fused embryo but also between cells within a counterpart. In fused embryos formed from stained eggs and unstained eggs with the former having started the first cleavage 30 min earlier than the latter, the stained counterparts began to invaginate about 30 min earlier than the unstained. When fused embryos were produced by putting stained eggs in contact with unstained eggs which had begun the first cleavage 2 hr later than the stained eggs, gastrulation of the stained counterparts took place about 2 hr earlier than that of the unstained counterparts. These results suggest that the timing of gastrulation is fixed within the cells of an embryo and cannot be altered in spite of the cell-to-cell communication that appears to exist. PMID- 7130937 TI - The effect of sperm concentrations during preincubation and at insemination on fertilization of rat eggs in vitro. AB - Rat epididymal spermatozoa, at a concentration of 40-65 X 10(4) cells/ml, were preincubated for 5-5, 5 hr and then added to eggs from superovulated, immature rats. By 10-12 hr after insemination, 86% of the eggs had undergone fertilization, but many of them (41%) were polyspermic. When sperm were preincubated at almost the same concentration and for the time stated above, but then diluted to 1-3 X 10(4) cells/ml before insemination, the number of fertilized eggs and the incidence of polyspermy were both reduced, being 56% and 5%, respectively. When a sperm concentration of 1-3 X 10(4) cells/ml was used both during preincubation and at insemination, the fertilization rate of 60% or more, with polyspermy not in excess of 10%, a sperm concentration of 30-100 X 10(4) cells/ml during preincubation and then diluted to approximately 1-3 X 10(4) cells/ml at insemination appears to be optimal. PMID- 7130938 TI - The effects of antisperm plasma membrane antibodies on sperm-egg binding, penetration, and fertilization in the pig. AB - A procedure using published surgical techniques is described for determining the effects of antiplasma membrane antibodies on sperm-egg binding, penetration, and fertilization in vivo in the domestic pig. Time of ovulation was controlled and sperm inseminated at precise times relative to ovulation. Sperm were exposed to antibodies (Fab) and then washed free of excess antibody and placed in one uterine horn near the uterotubal junction. Sperm exposed to control material were placed in the opposite horn as a control. One horn was tied with two ligatures near the body of the uterus. Eggs were collected by flushing the oviducts at prescribed times after insemination. in nine animals used for this study, antibodies to boar sperm plasma membranes completely blocked sperm-zona binding, penetration of the zona, and fertilization. In contrast, sperm were bound to the zona pellucida and penetrated eggs in every case on the control side. These results indicate that insemination in vivo is useful in screening antibodies produced against specific plasma membrane antigens to determine their role in fertilization. PMID- 7130939 TI - Prolactin induces increase in the specific gravity of salamander, Hynobius retardatus, that raises adaptability to water. AB - The migration of the salamander, Hynobius retardatus, from land to water, which normally occurs in the breeding season, was induced by the injection of prolactin. The migration was accompanied by certain morphological changes (wider tail or swollen body); the observed morphological changes resembled those of salamanders collected from ponds during the breeding season. The prolactin treated salamanders sank to the bottom of the water. In contrast, the control salamanders that did not receive prolactin floated near the water surface. The specific gravity of the whole body of the prolactin-treated animals was greater than unity. Prolactin injection induced a remarkable enlargement of the tissue between the skin and muscle, in which a considerable amount of mucopolysaccharide rich substance accumulated. Because of the hydrophilic nature of the mucopolysaccharides, and increased mucopolysaccharide may absorb more water, which, in turn, may result in an increase of the osmotic pressure of the serum. This may eventually cause the animals to migrate from land to water to quench the "thirst." The absorption of water may make the specific gravity greater, and this allows the animals to sink in water. PMID- 7130941 TI - The treatment of patients with pituitary tumors. PMID- 7130940 TI - Histologic evaluation of the sympathectomy induced by guanethidine sulfate in neonatal rats. AB - Guanethidine sulfate was administered to rats from birth to 14 days of age. Cell counts were carried out in the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion at 30, 45, and 90 days of age. Massive permanent destruction of sympathetic ganglionic cells was demonstrated during the experimental period. Evidence for a natural loss of neurons during the morphogenesis of the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion is presented. PMID- 7130942 TI - Tracheobronchial laser surgery. PMID- 7130943 TI - Metastatic potential of biologic variants of skin squamous cell carcinoma. PMID- 7130945 TI - Caribbean basin refugees: the impact of Cubans and Haitians on health in South Florida. PMID- 7130944 TI - Measles elimination in Florida. PMID- 7130946 TI - NIH consensus development conference: computed tomographic scanning of the brain. PMID- 7130948 TI - Vaccinia virus-induced changes in [Na+] and [K+] in HeLa cells. AB - A flame photometric technique is described for determining average values for intracellular [Na+] and [K+] in HeLa cells. Ion measurements were made on unwashed cells disrupted ultrasonically in the presence of residual medium; corrections for the latter were made by measurement of extracellular volume in cell plus medium preparations using 125I-labelled polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as the marker in an isotopic dilution technique. Accurate measurement of the volume occupied by the cells was critical and required a concentration step. This was achieved by concentrating cell suspensions in a microhaematocrit centrifuge using calibrated capillary tubes. Most reliable values were obtained in our system using HeLa S3 (suspension) cells grown as monolayers, which were removed by EDTA and held in suspension for a minimum of 2 h. Uninfected HeLa cells had values of 20 to 30 and 110 to 120 mM for Na+ and K+ respectively. At 13 h after inoculation with vaccinia virus, a dramatic reversal in [Na+] and [K+] occurred, but throughout the infection cycle the total [Na+ + K+] varied little. The significance of these data is discussed in relation to theories of virus-induced modulation of protein synthesis in infected cells and in cell-free systems. PMID- 7130947 TI - Canine parvovirus: a biochemical and ultrastructural characterization. AB - A canine virus derived from a diseased dog has been plaque-purified and characterized in detail. Analysis of infected cells demonstrated that virus antigen accumulated in the nucleus at 12 to 24 h post-infection and the cytopathology at the ultrastructural level was diagnostic of a parvovirus infection. The purified virus particles were 23 to 26 nm in diam. and banded at a density 1.44 g/ml in CsCl. Detailed biochemical analysis revealed a single stranded DNA genome and three structural proteins of mol. wt. 82,300, 67,300 and 63,500. All of the data presented are consistent with the classification of this virus as a parvovirus. PMID- 7130949 TI - Identification of structural proteins of Rhizobium meliloti temperate phage 16-3. AB - The structural proteins of Rhizobium meliloti temperate phage 16-3 have been analysed by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing and agarose gel electrophoresis. Five major and five minor proteins were identified and characterized with respect to their size, isoelectric point and their distribution between the head ad tail of the phage particle. The synthesis of structural proteins was studied by one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. PMID- 7130950 TI - Identification of the cap-binding protein of two strains of influenza A/FPV. AB - We have identified the cap-recognizing protein of two strains of influenza A fowl plague virus (FPV) by photoaffinity labelling of virion proteins with a photoreactive analogue of the 5'-methyl cap structure of messenger RNA. The cap recognizing protein of influenza A/FPV/Rostock/34 is the P2 polypeptide, and that of influenza A/FPV/Dutch/27 (Dobson) is the P3 polypeptide. In each case the cap recognizing protein is the product of RNA segment 1. PMID- 7130951 TI - An immunoradiometric assay of serum interferon using a monoclonal antibody. AB - An immunoradiometric assay for human interferon-alpha (HuIFN-alpha) has been adapted for the assay of low concentrations of HuIFN-alpha in human serum. The sensitivity of the assay is 5 to 10 IU/ml and the coefficient of variation less than 10%. The assay was shown to compare well with a biological (antiviral) assay in the measurement of serum interferon following intramuscular injection of HuIFN alpha in nine volunteers. Serum interferon was also measured in the serum from 250 normal human donors. Two donors appeared to have detectable levels of HuIFN alpha. PMID- 7130953 TI - The stupid war of the I.Q. PMID- 7130952 TI - Discrete subgenomic DNA fragments in incomplete particles of adenovirus type 2. AB - Discrete subgenomic DNA fragments were found in three out of thirty-two preparations of adenovirus type 2 incomplete particles grown in human Hep-2 cells and examined over the course of 1 year. One preparation contained three fragments corresponding to 5, 14 and 19% of the genome, another contained a 37% fragment and the third a 40% fragment. Each fragment hybridized exclusively to the left end of the genome. Digestion of the nick-translated 37% fragment with HindIII confirmed that it contained the left 37.3% of the genome. Synthesis of these fragments was not dependent on high input multiplicity of infection. Comparable fragments were not found in unpackaged DNA from the corresponding infected cells. This is consistent with the hypothesis that such fragments are generated during virus assembly or, alternatively, may reflect the very small proportion of these fragments relative to the pool of unpackaged DNA within the cells. The possibility that they are generated by errors in DNA replication is discussed. PMID- 7130954 TI - Spectrum of clinical and autopsy findings in trisomy 18 syndrome. AB - Clinical observations and autopsy findings in 16 cases of full 18 trisomy are presented. These patients were seen during the ten-year period of 1971-1981. In 14 cases, typical clinical features allowed a tentative diagnosis. However, two cases presented with an atypical phenotype: a Potter's syndrome associated with urethral atresia was superimposed, obscuring the more classical trisomy 18 stigmata. This combination is believed to be unique. Cardiovascular defects, varying in type and degree were invariably present. A very high incidence of major gastrointestinal and urogenital abnormalities was also noted. Histological abnormalities giving evidence of organ dysplasia, were observed in the central nervous system, pancreas, kidneys and ovaries. PMID- 7130955 TI - [Familial observation of partial trisomy 6, and probable partial monosomy 18q by parental translocation]. AB - Partial trisomy 6q (6q23 leads to qter), resulting from a non-balanced translocation 6/18, was detected in a child and his paternal uncle. Features of note in the uncle included micrognathia, scoliosis and mild mental retardation. The child presented a moderate hypertelorism, a flat nose bridge, carp-shaped mouth and minimal cutaneous syndactyly of the 2nd-3rd toes. These clinical signs have also been mentioned in the few cases of partial trisomy 6q described in the literature. In addition, our two patients present a cubital deviation of the fingers and, in the uncle, urinary tract malformations. The transmission of the 6/18 translocation in this family is discussed. PMID- 7130956 TI - Genetic and cytogenetic studies in patients with intersexuality or infertility. AB - A total of 198 patients has been investigated from the genetic and cytogenetic points of view. Chromosomal aberrations were probably responsible for 8 and genic causes for 11 of the 24 cases of intersexuality. Among 96 infertile males the prevalence of abnormal karyotypes was significantly higher in azoospermic (34%) as compared to oligospermic (9%) individuals. However, if persons with hypogonadism or Klinefelter's signs are not considered, the frequency of abnormal karyotypes decreases and the difference between azoospermic and oligospermic men becomes non-significant (19% and 7%, respectively). Genic factors may be the cause of sterility in about one-fourth of these males. Chromosome causes were identified in 29 and abnormal genes postulated in 9 of the 78 sterile females. Among the more rare karyotypes found, the following were considered in more detail: 45,X/46,X,i (Yp) (observed among the intersex patients); 46,X,r (Y), and 46,XY,t(2;8) (2p12 leads to pter::8 pter) (both found among the infertile males). Y/F ratios were calculated for 47 azoospermic, 40 oligospermic and 30 control individuals; the differences between their means were statistically non significant. PMID- 7130957 TI - [Acetylcholinesterase of amniotic fluid: application to prenatal diagnosis of neural tube closing defects. I. Quantitative tests]. AB - Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in amniotic fluid from 165 normal pregnancies and 38 abnormal pregnancies was measured, using a direct assay of AChE activity after inhibition of ChnS with ethopropozine ("Lysivane"). Samples from normal pregnancies of 16-24 weeks gestation have a mean AChE activity of 2,7 U/1 and those obtained at 26-40 weeks have a mean level of 0,6 U/l. Contamination of amniotic fluid with fetal or maternal blood was observed to elevate AChE activity leading to uninterpretable results. Assays in artificial mixtures of amniotic fluid with maternal or fetal blood confirm the risk related to added erythrocyte number. Higher mean AChE activity, 8 U/l, was observed in association with open NTD, but in 7 cases the level was as in normal pregnancy. Elevated levels of AChE were found in association with Turner's syndrome (1) and intra uterine death (2); no increase was observed in 7 cases of omphalocele or laparoschisis, in 6 cases of atresia and 2 cases of hydrocephaly. In practice frequent occurence of bloody samples, specially from abnormal pregnancies, limits application of the test for antenatal open NTD diagnosis. This test appears as and useful preliminary stage providing informations for realization and interpretation of gel electrophoresis of cholinesterases. PMID- 7130958 TI - [Interstitial deletion of chromosome 7 (7q33 to q35)]. PMID- 7130959 TI - [Agnathia, apropos of a case]. AB - A male 32 weeks still-born with agnathia is reported. Other malformations are pointed out: microstomia, microglossia, type III microtia and meatal atresia. There are vertebral clefts of D7 et D10. Probands and parents chromosomal analysis are normal. Mother is 28 years old, gravida 7, para 3 and father is 46 years old. They are algerian, healthy, non related. A single one male child is alive and in good health. PMID- 7130960 TI - Robertsonian t(Dq;Dq) translocations in man. AB - A study of the chromosomes of 32,930 patients, karyotyped in the period 1966-1981 in the Division of Human Genetics of the Catholic University, Leuven, Belgium, revealed 71 D/D translocation carriers (33 males and 38 females). The origin of D/D Robertsonian translocations, reproductive failures in male and female carriers and stability of translocated chromosomes are discussed. PMID- 7130961 TI - [Amniotic fluid acetylcholinesterase and prenatal diagnosis of neural tube defects. II. Qualitative test]. AB - The qualitative acetylcholinesterase (AChE) test has been used in conjunction with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) assay on 255 amniotic fluid samples: 191 from normal pregnancies, 44 from abnormal pregnancies (foetal anomalies or intrauterine death). In all cases of normal amniotic fluid obtained before 25 weeks, gel revealed a single major band of non specific cholinesterase, even in fluids contaminated by maternal of foetal blood, whereas 5 fluids contaminated by foetal blood were false positive on AFP. In 8 normal specimens with clear aspect, obtained after 25 weeks, gel revealed a second (AChE) faint band, inhibited by BW 284 C 51. That result shows the risk of false-positive for samples obtained in late pregnancy. All 20 cases of neural tube defect gave a characteristic AChE band: large and intense band. In 9 cases of abdominal wall defect, 3 presented an AChE faint band, just as 2 cases of atresia and 2 cases of hydronephrosis. Negative AChE results were found un 1 case of congenital nephrosis, 3 cases of hydrocephaly and 1 case of teratoma. The main value of qualitative AChE test seems today in diagnosing neural tube defects with a greater sensibility and in classifying bloody fluids in which the AFP is at or above the cut-off level. PMID- 7130962 TI - [Neonatal autopsy and genetic counseling. 350 cases]. AB - Congenital anomalies or malformations have now become the principal cause of neonatal deaths, as confirmed by the present study of 350 consecutive autopsies studied from 1977 to 1981. The overall incidence of congenital malformations for the whole period considered was of 36.8%. However, during this short four-year lapse of time, a steady increase from 26.8% in 1977 to 48.1% in 1981 could be noticed. This increase is concomitant to the decrease of the "classical" causes of neonatal deaths, namely prematurity sequellae and intrapartal death. Indeed, many different entities have been identified; it seems interesting to point out, however, the relatively great number of autosomal recessive diseases found in the present series. For a full genetic profit, neonatal autopsy should be complete and systematically followed by genetic counseling. PMID- 7130963 TI - [Genetic nosology and atresia auris congenita]. PMID- 7130964 TI - [Meiotic chromosomes and masculine infertility: evaluation of results]. AB - Meiotic chromosome studies in male infertility are controversial: some authors find them useful, others do not. Indeed, interpretation of data already published is still difficult, for some main reasons discussed in the text: the small volume of testicular tissue available for observation, the lack of uniformity in the selection of patients from series to series, the presentation of the results. Nevertheless, critical analysis of the literature leads to the conclusion that in 10% of patients whom underwent testicular biopsy, meiotic chromosome anomalies can easily explain their infertility. Our personal series of 450 cases confirms this order of magnitude. Therefore, we think that meiotic chromosome analysis is certainly useful in the evaluation of male infertility, both for diagnosis and prognosis. PMID- 7130965 TI - Reexamination of hepatitis B virus subtypes and e-antigen expression by radioimmunoassays. AB - Radioimmunoassay methods were used to determine both the hepatitis B virus (HBV) subtype and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and antibody (anti-HBe) status of a group of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive blood donors. The study involved sera containing HBV of the three major occidental subtypes, adw2, ayw3, and ayw2. The previously reported association of the y-type virus with HBeAg and the d types with anti-HBe was again observed. However, when the two y subgroups, ayw2 and ayw3, were considered individually, it was evident that the ayw3 specimens alone accounted for the association with HBeAg while the ayw2 sera were strongly associated with anti-HBe. The study also indicated that the prevalence of HBeAg declined and that of anti-HBe increased progressively with advancing age. On the average, ayw2 donors were significantly older than the adw2 donors, and donors from both of these groups were older than the ayw3 donors. It is postulated that the observed age differences account, at least in part, for the differing prevalence of e markers in the three HBV subtype groups, and that these age differences, in turn, may reflect a tendency for infections with the ayw2 viral strain to persist longer than adw2 infections, and both of these longer than ayw3 infections. Alternately, the three subtypes may represent epidemiologic shifts from remote ayw2 and adw2 infections to more recent ayw3 infections. PMID- 7130966 TI - Inbred rat strains mimic the disparate human response to Rift Valley fever virus infection. PMID- 7130968 TI - Cellular response in humans following vaccination with Gripax influenza virus. AB - Cellular response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to influenza antigens was measured in a group of young nurse-student volunteers (17-24 years old), following vaccination with a formol-inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine (Gripax). Cord blood lymphocytes (controls) did not react with any of the antigens. This excluded the possibility of any nonspecific mitogenicity of viral antigens. Viability of the cells was indicated by their responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Prior to immunization antigenic recognition to circulating strains (A/England (H3N2) and B/Hong Kong) was found in about 44% of the vaccinees; recognition of the recent strain A/USSR (H1N1) was found in only 10.5%. Following vaccination, approximately 80% of the subjects exhibited cellular response to all three vaccine strains. This includes the negative subjects, who showed an approximate 70% rate of conversion. There was no correlation between the antibody state and cellular response prior to and following vaccination as gathered from matched data of each participant. PMID- 7130969 TI - Some characteristics of infants preferred toys. AB - Mothers of 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month-old infants indicated on a written questionnaire their child's favorite toys. The objects were coded on four different dimensions; (a) whether the preference was for a specific object or for a general class of objects, (b) the material composition of the object, (c) the stimulation provided by the object, and (d) the infant's actions with object. At 3 months of age less than half of the infants had a favorite object, but by the end of the first year almost 90% had at least one favorite toy. A number of age and gender differences were found in the relative frequencies of the object, characteristics investigated. These are discussed in terms of the cognitive, motivational, and environmental characteristics typical of different development levels during the first year of life. PMID- 7130967 TI - Immunogenicity in chimpanzees of experimental hepatitis B vaccines prepared from intact hepatitis B virus, purified polypeptides, or polypeptide micelles. AB - The immunogenicity of three experimental hepatitis B vaccines was evaluated in chimpanzees. Although no antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) was detected in two chimpanzees that received an aqueous polypeptide vaccine subcutaneously, a strong anti-HBs response was observed two and ten weeks, respectively, following challenge with hepatitis B virus. Inoculation of two additional chimpanzees with a micellar preparation of these polypeptides by the intravenous route resulted in anti-HBs production in one of the chimpanzees. Two chimpanzees inoculated subcutaneously with an aqueous vaccine of formalin inactivated intact hepatitis B virus developed anti-HBs in low titers, but the development of antibody to the hepatitis B core antigen following challenge inoculations suggested that subclinical HBV infections may have occurred despite prior vaccination. PMID- 7130971 TI - Effects of pergolide and bromocriptine on male rat sexual behavior. PMID- 7130970 TI - The comparative roles of dopaminergic and serotonergic mechanisms in mediating quipazine induced locomotor activity. PMID- 7130972 TI - Parkinson's disease putamen: normal concentration of synaptic membrane marker antigens. PMID- 7130973 TI - beta-Carbolines as selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors: in vivo implications. AB - The inhibitory action of a range of beta-carbolines on human and rat monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B has been studied. Concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine and phenylethylamine, approximately at their Km values, were used as substrates for MAO A and B respectively. A wide variation in selectivity was found, with harmaline being 10,000 times more potent an inhibitor of A than B whereas, using tetrahydro-beta-carboline and harmane, the difference was nearer to ten-fold. Of the carbolines which have been found endogenously, tetrahydro-beta-carboline, 6 methoxytetrahydro-beta-carboline and harmane are all sufficiently potent inhibitors of human MAO A, with I50 values of 5 X 10(-6), 10(-6), 5 X 10(-7) M respectively, for this property to be of possible physiological significance. Harmane, with an I50 of 5 X 10(-6) M, might also play a role as an inhibitor of MAO B. PMID- 7130974 TI - Different pharmacokinetic and pharmacological effects following acute and chronic treatment with imipramine. AB - Two schedules of imipramine (IM) administration were compared, a single intraperitoneal dose (10 mg/kg) (I) and chronic oral dosage (10 mg/kg twice a day for 14 days) (II). During schedule I, IMI reached maximal concentration in brain twice as high as that of its metabolite, desipramine (DMI), but disappeared more rapidly. During schedule II, DMI achieved concentrations twice as high as those of IMI which were maintained in a long-lasting plateau and there were considerable differences in areas of brain concentration curves. During schedule I, depletion of brain noradrenaline (NA) induced by H77/77 and of 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) by p-chloro-amphetamine, were inhibited. During schedule II, after DMI concentration had become high and that of IMI low, only NA depletion but not that of 5-HT, was inhibited. At the same time, fenfluramine induced hyperthermia was not antagonized although it was inhibited in schedule I. These findings may be relevant to those obtained clinically and may help to shed light on mechanisms of antidepressant action. PMID- 7130975 TI - Excitatory effects of kynurenine and its metabolites, amino acids and convulsants administered into brain ventricles: differences between rats and mice. AB - When introduced intracerebroventricularly, quinolinic acid appeared to be the only kynurenine metabolite among those tested (L- and DL-kynurenine sulfate, kynurenic and nicotinic acids, nicotinamide) which induced locomotor excitement and clonic seizures in rats; in high dosage all exhibited convulsant action in mice. L-Kynurenine sulfate (500 micrograms) induced continuous rotation in rats around a longitudinal axis in one or other direction. It also potentiated the convulsant effect of strychnine sulfate and caffeine. Neither the excitatory amino acids, L-glutamic and L-aspartic acids nor the inhibitory amino acids, GABA, glycine and taurine induced excitement or seizures in rats but did in mice. In rats, GABA, glycine and taurine induced sedation, side position and discoordination. The convulsants, strychnine sulfate and pentylenetetrazole, induced seizures both in rats and mice. Differences between species may derive from the better access of intracerebroventricularly administered drugs to mouse hippocampus. Thus mice may be preferable for studies of this type on excitatory amino acids (including kynurenine pathway metabolites) and rats for those on inhibitory amino acids. PMID- 7130976 TI - Protective effect of adrenergic blocking agents against kidney hemorrhagic necrosis of choline deficiency. PMID- 7130977 TI - GABA turnover in mouse brain: agreement between the rate of GABA accumulation after aminooxyacetic acid and the rate of disappearance after 3-mercaptopropionic acid. AB - GABA levels of the whole mouse brain were studied after in vivo inhibition of GABA synthesis by 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA, 100 mg/kg i.p.) and of GABA degradation by aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA, 3.8-60 mg/kg i.v.). The influence of 3 MPA on GABA levels was investigated in brains where postmortal GABA accumulation was allowed to occur and in brains where this phenomenon was avoided by very rapid dissection and homogenization of the brain in acid (within 50 sec after decapitation). The post-mortal GABA increase was blocked by 86% after injection of 3-MPA and 3 min before decapitation. In the group where the postmortal accumulation was avoided by very rapid homogenization of the brain in acid, GABA levels decreased by 15% within 2 min after 3-MPA (mean turnover time = 14 min). From 2 to 4 min the GABA concentration remained stable at this decreased level. GABA accumulation after AOAA was maximal after a dose of 7.5 to 15 mg/kg. i.v. Doses higher than 60 mg/kg always produced convulsions. The phase of most rapid accumulation of GABA after AOAA indicates a mean turnover time of about 10 min. The first rapid phase of accumulation was followed by a slower phase. It is probable that the turnover time of whole mouse brain GABA is approximately 10-14 min. It is also concluded that AOAA in a dose of around 15 mg/kg i.v. hardly can inhibit GAD in vivo in the mouse brain and that this dose, by this route of administration, could be used for studies of GABA synthesis in vivo in the mouse. PMID- 7130978 TI - Brain stem auditory evoked responses in psychiatric patients and healthy controls. PMID- 7130979 TI - Comparison of some peptidic and proteic ovine pineal fractions with a bovine pineal E5 fraction. AB - Using rather simple and mild extraction and separation methods, three ovine pineal fractions (XM 300 R-PP7.2' and PP7.2 S) were obtained, which contain peptidic/proteic substances and which show fluorescence characteristics of indoles. The ovine fractions were compared with the bovine pineal E-5 fraction. The ovine fractions are chemically sensitive to normal laboratory light and stable in red light (lambda greater than 600 nm). Immunologically, these fractions and the bovine E 5 fraction are stable. From the results of radioimmunological experiments it was concluded that the bovine pineal E 5 fraction as well as the ovine pineal fraction XM 300 R-PP7.2 and PP7.2S may contain (a) peptide(s) ending by the same carboxy terminal tripeptide Pro-Arg Gly(NH2). PMID- 7130980 TI - Stimulatory effects of melatonin on ependymal epithelium of choroid plexuses in golden hamsters. AB - Ependymal epithelial cells from the choroid plexuses (CPs) separately of lateral (I + II), IIIrd and IVth ventricles of male Golden Hamsters were studied by electron microscopy and morphometry. The 16 hamsters were distributed between three injections groups: vehicle only, 25 micrograms and 2500 micrograms melatonin (M) by subcutaneous injection daily at L11 to L11.75 in a LD 14:10 daily photoperiod. After 28 consecutive daily injections, animals were killed and the CPs were dissected, fixed and prepared for electronmicroscopy. Thirteen measures of the CP ependymal cells were made, by planimetry, morphometry or direct counting or linear measurement on the EM prints. Effects of melatonin occurred only on the cells from the lateral ventricles. Here M at high dosage caused cell swelling (averaging 50% increase in area), and other cellular changes were graded in relation to M dosage. These were increased (to 26%) in mitochondrial area per cell, and increased (to 50%) in length of apical microvilli. Since in other work the latter form a major locus of ouabain sensitive Na+, K+-ATPase, it is suggested that M may possibly have a stimulatory effects on transport and related CSF secretory activities by these cells. PMID- 7130981 TI - The peripheral and central nervous organization of the locust coxo-trochanteral joint. AB - The micromorphology of the locust cox0-trochanteral joint was examined in cobalt stained material. Peripheral nervous system, musculature, and internal proprioceptors--two strand receptors and a muscle receptor organ--of the metathoracic coxa are compared with those of the pro- and mesothoracic legs. The number and position of trochanter levator and depressor motoneurons as well as the central projections of coxal sense organs are described. Evidence for a femoro-tibial strand receptor was obtained by tracing the path of a particular nerve branch. PMID- 7130983 TI - Unchanged rate of axonal regeneration by cyclophosphamide in rat sciatic nerve. AB - The rates of axonal regeneration and initial delay in motor and sensory axons of cyclophosphamide-treated and control rat sciatic nerves after cold injury were determined by using fast axoplasmic transport. The rates in motor and sensory nerves were not significantly different between the two groups. The difference of initial delay in motor nerve was not significant, but in sensory nerve the drug treated group showed a longer initial delay than the control. These results suggest that the enhancement of motor function recovery by cyclophosphamide is not due directly to an increased rate of axonal regeneration, nor to a decreased initial delay. PMID- 7130982 TI - Structural comparison of a homologous neuron in gryllid and acridid insects. AB - The fast extensor tibiae (FETi) motor neuron is responsible for exciting the extensor tibiae muscle to produce most of the force for jumping in acridids. Because of its relatively large size and crucial role in jumping, FETi has been studied in an ever-increasing number of orthopteran species. Here we describe the structure of the metathoracic FETi neuron in six species of acridids and in two species of gryllids. The morphology of FETi within the respective groups is essentially equivalent, but marked differences are apparent between acridid and gryllid FETis. There are similarities in the size and location of the cell body and the course of the neurite through the ganglion. Differences are found in the number of large branches, density of branching, and the volume of neuropil receiving branches. We propose that the gryllid FETi is an intermediate form between slow extensor tibiae motor neurons involved in walking and acridid fast extensor tibiae motor neurons specialized for jumping. PMID- 7130984 TI - Synthesis of naphthoquinoles as potential antitumor agents related to jacaranone. AB - Naphthoquinols 3a, 3b and 3c were synthesized from the corresponding naphthoquinones by the series of reactions, protection of one carbonyl with trimethylsilycyanide, reaction with the enolate of methyl acetate, and hydrolytic deprotection with aqueous silver fluoride. The unusual internal hemiketals 4a and 4b appeared to be byproducts of one of these reactions. These naphthoquinols, which are related to the antitumor compound jacaranone (1a), were tested for cytotoxicity and found to be inactive. PMID- 7130986 TI - KB cell culture I. Role in discovery of antitumor agents from higher plants. AB - KB (Eagle) cell culture has played a powerful role in discovery of antitumor agents from higher plants. Had KB alone been used as a preliminary screen, with in vivo screening limited to KB-active extracts, fractions, or compounds, KB activity of crude products would have led to discovery of vinblastine, vincristine, podophyllotoxin (from which the semisynthetics VM-26 and VP-16 were derived), and all but one of the antitumor agents now under development toward or in clinical evaluation, including bouvardin, bruceantin, camptothecin, ellipticine, homoharringtonine, maytansine, taxol, thalicarpine, and tripdiolide. Indicine N-oxide is the only important antitumor agent which would have been discovered only by in vivo screening of crude plant products. A substantial number of compounds effective against lymphoid leukemia L1210 and B16 melanoma were isolated from plants, extracts of which were active against KB. PMID- 7130985 TI - Effect of extracts of Angelica polymorpha on reaginic antibody production. AB - An aqueous extract of Angelica polymorpha was examined for its immunoregulating properties. Its effect on the production of antibodies was tested in (C57BL/6 X DBA/2)F1 mice. When the animals were treated daily with the extract, the serum titers of reaginic antibodies normally observed after a single injection dinitrophenylovalbumin (DNP3-OA) were significantly lower, and the higher and more sustained reaginic titers induced by booster injections of DNP3-OA were also inhibited. The immunosuppressive activity was observed both by oral and intraperitoneal administration of the extract, and it was not removed by dialysis. In contrast, the serum titers of IgG were not significantly altered by the administration of the extract. The extract had little or no effect on the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction or the release of histamine from sensitized rat lung fragments. PMID- 7130987 TI - Purification and some properties of two proteinase inhibitors from Erythrina acanthocarpa seed. AB - Two proteinase inhibitors (DE-1 and DE-2) were purified from Erythrina acanthocarpa seed by gel filtration followed by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and DEAE-sepharose. They contain 163-164 amino acids (molecular weight 18000) including four half-cystine residues and resemble the Kunitz-type proteinase inhibitors. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of DE-1 also shows homology with those of the Kunitz-type inhibitors. For DE-2 no free N-terminal amino acid was found. DE-1 contains a potent inhibitor for both porcine trypsin and bovine alpha-chymotrypsin. Inhibitor DE-2 inhibits alpha-chymotrypsin strongly and it has practically no action on trypsin. PMID- 7130988 TI - New taxanes from Taxus brevifolia. AB - The isolation of two taxanes from Taxus brevifolia Nutt. is described, together with the isolation of two acetylated taxol derivatives from an acetylated fraction from the same plant. The compounds were identified on the basis of their spectroscopic properties as taxa-4(20),11-diene-2 alpha, 5 alpha, 7 beta, 9 alpha, 10 beta, 13 alpha-hexaol 2,7,9,10,13-pentaacetate (1) (decinnamoyltaxinine J), 10-deacetylbaccatin III (2), taxol 2',7-diacetate (3), and 10-deacetyltaxol 2',7-diacetate (4). PMID- 7130989 TI - Identification of terpenoids from the leaves of Piptocarpha paradoxa and their biological activities. PMID- 7130990 TI - Linkage of autosomal dominant type I hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy to the Duffy locus on chromosome 1. AB - Data from English families confirms the probable linkage of the loci for autosomal dominant type I hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN) and the Duffy blood group. The locus for autosomal dominant type I HMSN is in chromosome 1 near the centromere, about 15 centimorgans from the Duffy locus. The linkage between type I HMSN and the Duffy locus and the two recombinants found between Duffy and type II HMSN support the hypothesis that there are at least two genetic variants of autosomal dominant HMSN. PMID- 7130991 TI - The treatment of inflammatory polyneuropathy by plasma exchange. AB - Observations are reported on six patients with inflammatory polyneuropathy who were treated by plasma exchange. In four cases the polyneuropathy was acute and in two it was chronic or relapsing. Two acute cases and one chronic relapsing case had plasma exchange during a rapidly progressive phase of the disease, and showed a prompt and substantial recovery of function. The other three patients were exchanged when disease activity had reached a plateau. Only minor degrees of improvement were seen in two of these cases. One patient showed an initial mild deterioration before subsequent recovery. There were no significant side effects. These findings are discussed in relation to the pathogenesis and clinical management of inflammatory polyneuropathy. PMID- 7130992 TI - Zinc concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid of normal adults and patients with neurological diseases. AB - Zinc concentrations in CSF were determined with flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry in patients assumed to have a normal CSF. No sex difference was found. There was a correlation between zinc, protein and albumin concentrations in CSF. In patients with increased protein levels in CSF or subarachnoid haemorrhage increased zinc concentrations were found. PMID- 7130993 TI - Zinc and copper in multiple sclerosis. AB - The serum concentrations of zinc and copper were measured in 50 patients with multiple sclerosis. Lower serum zinc levels were found compared to age- and sex matched controls. In younger patients low serum copper concentrations were noted. Zinc concentrations in CSF were unchanged. The possibility that malabsorption of the metals causes the low serum concentrations is discussed. PMID- 7130994 TI - EEG and computed tomography in the investigation of patients with senile dementia. AB - Fifty-six patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer type and 84 normal elderly people were examined by EEG and computed tomography. In discriminant function analysis of the computed tomography indexes the highest discriminant function coefficient was for width of the third ventricle. Using computed tomography, the groups were correctly classified for 84% of the subjects. In discriminant function analysis of the EEG variables the highest discriminant function coefficient was for dominant occipital rhythm; the groups were correctly classified for 86% of the subjects. In discriminant function analysis of the width of the third ventricle, an index of cortical atrophy, the dominant occipital rhythm, age and sex, the width of the third ventricle had the highest discriminant function coefficient; the groups were correctly classified for 90% of the subjects. PMID- 7130995 TI - Incidental focal intracranial computed tomographic findings. AB - Of 3000 consecutive computed tomography (CT) head scans there were 28 adult patients who had a focal intracranial lesion, who presented with nonspecific symptoms, and who had normal initial neurological examination. These lesions included cerebral infarction (8), focal atrophy (5), intracerebral haematoma (3), chronic subdural haematoma (3), focal calcification (3) and intracranial neoplasm (6). Neurological consultation was obtained after the CT in all cases. Angiography was subsequently performed in 16, and eight patients underwent surgery. In no case was there evidence that clinical outcome was improved because of the early CT diagnosis. PMID- 7130996 TI - Alexia and agraphia in Wernicke's aphasia. AB - Three patients with otherwise typical Wernicke's aphasia showed consistently greater impairment of reading than auditory comprehension. While this syndrome resembles alexia with agraphia, the paraphasia of speech, repetition, and naming underline the aphasic nature of the disorder. Together with previous reports of isolated word deafness in Wernicke's aphasia, these cases suggest a relative independence of auditory and visual language processing. PMID- 7130997 TI - Acute cerebral demyelination: clinical and pathological correlation with computed tomography. AB - A 30-year-old woman died eleven weeks after the onset of an acute illness during which she developed quadriplegia, dysphasia, incontinence, confusion, emotional lability and gaze palsies. The CT scan demonstrated large white matter low attenuation lesions with no mass effect and minimal contrast enhancement. At necropsy the lesions were shown to be those of massive cerebral demyelination. PMID- 7130998 TI - Epilepsy and coeliac disease. AB - A number of neurological disorders have been described in association with coeliac disease, including epilepsy. A review of 177 patients with coeliac disease failed to show an increased prevalence of epilepsy. This is contrary to the findings of other workers, and requires further investigation. PMID- 7130999 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid oestrone in pseudotumour cerebri. AB - The concentration of oestrone in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from obese young women with pseudotumour cerebri was much greater than predicted and found in normal subjects. Each woman with pseudotumour cerebri, and a high level of CSF oestrone and a CSF protein less than 0.2 g/l, had clinical improvement when treated with an 800 calorie/day diet and dexamethasone 2 mg/day. PMID- 7131000 TI - Joubert-Boltshauser syndrome with polydactyly in siblings. AB - Two siblings are described with clinical features of the Joubert-Boltshauser syndrome. Both had polydactyly and one had fleshy tumours of the tongue. Computed tomography of the brain showed hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis, associated in one case with a cyst of the fourth ventricle. PMID- 7131002 TI - Intracranial lesion localisation: a simple method using CT scanning. PMID- 7131001 TI - Failure of postural manoeuvres to prevent lumbar puncture headache. AB - Diagnostic lumbar puncture was performed on 76 neurological inpatients. They were randomly allocated to one of four bed rest positions for four hours following the procedure (supine and horizontal, prone and horizontal, supine with head-down tilt and prone with head-down tilt) after which they were allowed to get up. There was no substantial or significant difference in the incidence of headache between the four groups. Expectation of headache did not appear to be an important factor in its development. PMID- 7131003 TI - Chiari (type 1) malformation and syringomyelia in a patient with Noonan's syndrome. PMID- 7131006 TI - The assessment of drug treatment of spastic gait. PMID- 7131005 TI - Altered motor unit architecture in hemiparetic patients. A single fibre EMG study. PMID- 7131004 TI - Unusual presentation of cerebral arteriovenous malformation: report of a case with visual failure. PMID- 7131007 TI - What should neurologists do? PMID- 7131008 TI - Erythrocyte deformability in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7131009 TI - Ruptured intracranial aneurysms: has the incidence of early rebleeding been over estimated? AB - Of 110 consecutive patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms, 49 underwent delayed neurological deterioration, involving 57 episodes in all. During the first three weeks after the presenting haemorrhage less than a third of these episodes were due to confirmed rebleeding. Rebleeding episodes were found to have a "flat" distribution in time during this period, but episodes of non haemorrhagic deterioration "peaked" between days 4-12. This peak coincides with the peak for rebleeding which was described in earlier studies on aneurysms, and it is suggested that confusion between non-haemorrhagic deterioration and rebleeding may have led to a significant over-estimate of the incidence of early rebleeding with important implications for the optimum timing of surgical intervention. PMID- 7131010 TI - Recurrence of pituitary adenomas after transcranial operation. AB - A series of 289 pituitary adenomas operated upon transcranially have been assessed for the frequency of recurrence. Ten patients died in the postoperative period, and nine patients have been lost to follow up. Follow up data is therefore available in a series of 270 cases for a period extending up to 30 years after the initial operation. There have been 13 histologically verified recurrences (4.8%), and a further six cases are known from CT scan or air study evidence to have residual or recurrent tumour which has not necessitated re exploration. The total recurrence or residual tumour rate could therefore be regarded as 7.4%. The large majority (77%) of recurrences have been within 10 years of the first operation, and the rest between 10 and 20 years. Histologically, all were chromophobe adenomas, and the average age of their initial presentation was lower than the peak incidence of pituitary adenoma as a whole. Two patients showed frank malignant change in the second biopsy. In recurrent tumours, most had had only subtotal excision with some macroscopic evidence of invasion or degeneration, such as cystic change, haemorrhage or necrosis. Microscopic evidence of aggressive growth and capsular invasion by tumour cells also was relatively frequent. Postoperative radiotherapy decreased and delayed recurrence, although the vast majority of cases in the series received radiotherapy. Surgery for recurrence appeared an effective method of treatment, and no patient died following repeated operation. Initial transcranial excision in more recent years using the operating microscope followed by uniform radiotherapy, appears to have considerably reduced the already small recurrence rate of pituitary adenoma. PMID- 7131011 TI - Patterns of sensory loss following fractional posterior fossa Vth nerve section for trigeminal neuralgia. AB - Twenty-five patients with trigeminal neuralgia have been treated by fractional posterior fossa Vth nerve section. The procedure is shown to be effective in relieving pain, preserving corneal sensation and the motor root. Nineteen patients showed little loss of light touch sensation, and in 15 of these there was dissociation of sensory loss to pinprick and light touch. The results support the concept that there is some anatomical separation of fibres subserving light touch and pain in the posterior root of the nerve. PMID- 7131012 TI - Measurement of the Achilles tendon reflex for the diagnosis of lumbosacral root compression syndromes. AB - The Hoffmann reflex and the Achilles tendon reflex were measured in a group of 194 subjects suspected of having a lumbosacral root compression syndrome. The Achilles tendon reflex was elicited manually with a metal hammer. There was a high correlation between the H-M interval and the Achilles tendon reflex-M interval. The usefulness of the Achilles tendon reflex was evaluated in a selected sub-group of 61 patients with proven L5 or S1 root compression. Neither the H-reflex nor the Achilles tendon reflex appeared to be of any value in detecting L5 root compression. Both the H-reflex and the Achilles tendon reflex proved to be useful for diagnosis of S1 root compression syndromes, the latter being the more sensitive method. PMID- 7131013 TI - Multiple sclerosis with clinical and radiological features of cerebral tumour. AB - Three cases of multiple sclerosis, all confirmed pathologically, are described in whom both the unusual clinical features and the CT scan appearances suggested cerebral tumours. The failure of mass effect reliably to differentiate plaques and tumours on a CT scan is stressed and the literature relating to CT scanning in multiple sclerosis is reviewed. PMID- 7131014 TI - Follow-up of patients with suspected multiple sclerosis: a clinical and electrophysiological study. AB - We re-examined 21 patients with suspected multiple sclerosis, seven classified as probable and 14 as possible cases. At the first investigation all patients but two had abnormal visual evoked potentials and somatosensory evoked potentials, or both. All but three had an increased intracerebral production of immunoglobulin G expressed by the cerebrospinal fluid IgG index. At follow-up two to four years later, 13 of 16 patients (81%) in whom both evoked potentials and IgG index were abnormal initially had entered into a higher multiple sclerosis diagnostic class. In the five patients in whom either evoked potentials or IgG index were normal the original diagnosis was unchanged. PMID- 7131015 TI - Prosopagnosia: a double dissociation between the recognition of familiar and unfamiliar faces. AB - Two cases of a dissociation between prosopagnosia and impaired capacity to match familiar faces were studied. Recognition of familiar faces recovered in the first patient, whereas prosopagnosia persisted in the second patient despite recovery of matching unfamiliar faces and other visuoperceptive skills. This double dissociation is discussed in relation to current views of prosopagnosia. PMID- 7131016 TI - Platelet size: no correlation with migraine or monoamine oxidase activity. AB - A Coulter Model "S Plus" counter has been used to study platelets from 39 migrainous patients between attacks, six during attacks, eight with active cluster headache and 26 controls. None of the patient groups showed any abnormality in platelet size profile. There was no correlation between platelet monoamine oxidase activity and mean platelet volume in any of the groups. PMID- 7131017 TI - Effect of desmopressin on normal and impaired memory. AB - In view of the reported influence of vasopressin on the memory process of animals, trials were carried out on normal subjects and patients with memory disorders using the vasopressin analogue desmopressin. No beneficial effects could be demonstrated. PMID- 7131019 TI - Dementia and hydrocephalus in Paget's disease: a case report. AB - Dementia and hydrocephalus in an elderly female were related to basilar impression caused by Paget's disease of the skull. Ventricular and lumbar thecal pressures were normal, but isotope cisternography suggested obstructive hydrocephalus. The patient improved after ventricular shunting. The importance of prompt investigation of dementia occurring in patients with Paget's disease is emphasised. PMID- 7131018 TI - Transient visual obscurations, without papilloedema. AB - Two cases of frontal, space occupying tumour without papilloedema are reported. Both presented with frequent, stereotyped attacks of visual disturbance with orbital headache, neck pain and unsteadiness of gait. Intermittent occipital lobe ischaemia, related to compression of the posterior cerebral artery against the tentorium by distorted, herniating brain, seems a probable explanation. PMID- 7131020 TI - Brain weights in alcoholics. AB - An analysis of the brain weights of 168 alcoholics showed that the mean brain weight of male alcoholics was less (p less than 0.001) than that of a normal population. Two subgroups of alcoholics were identified. Firstly, those with nutritional brain damage (Wernicke's encephalopathy, caused by vitamin B1 deficiency) and, secondly, those with brains which appeared "normal" macroscopically and microscopically. Any change in the brain weights of this second group was unlikely to be caused by nutritional damage. Both groups had abnormally low brain weights which suggests that alcohol, the factor common to both groups, is more important than nutritional deficiencies in causing brain damage and a reduction in brain weight. PMID- 7131021 TI - Polymyalgia rheumatica with diffuse cerebral disease responding rapidly to steroid therapy. AB - A 58-year-old woman presented with the classical features of polymyalgia rheumatica. She also had a global dementia; CT scan and EEG showed diffuse cerebral disease. After steroid treatment, the polymyalgia rheumatica and dementia rapidly resolved and the CT scan and EEG became normal. The inter relationships of the giant cell arteritides are discussed in the light of this report of the association of polymyalgia rheumatica and steroid-responsive diffuse cerebral disease. PMID- 7131023 TI - The conduction velocity of slower and the fastest fibres in infancy and childhood. AB - Motor nerve conduction velocity of the ulnar nerve was measured in 54 infants of various ages. Conduction velocity of slower fibres was measured using Hopf's technique, and maximal conduction velocity was measured with the usual method. Both maximal conduction velocity and conduction velocity of slower fibres increased with maturation. The former was about 65 m/s at the age of about 3-5 years, but thereafter it decreased slightly to about 60 m/s. Conduction velocity of slower fibres increased gradually until about 3 or 4 years of age, and then ranged about 40-50 m/s. The difference between the two velocities increased until 7 or 9 months of age; during the next 8 years, it tended to decrease to about 8 16 m/s. The increasing difference in size between the largest and the smallest myelinated fibres with maturation correlated with the developmental increase of the difference between maximal conduction velocity and conduction velocity of slower fibres. The anatomical evidence of the slight decrease of the axon diameter of the large fibres at the age of 7-14 years may correspond to the slight reduction of maximal conduction velocity after about 5 years of age. PMID- 7131022 TI - Treatment of the Guillain-Barre syndrome by plasma exchange. AB - Twelve consecutive patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome were treated with plasma exchange. Examination two weeks after treatment was commenced showed that three had not improved. Five showed only a minimal improvement, which was considered to be compatible with the natural history of the disease. The remaining four patients showed a more substantial improvement which could have been related to the plasma exchange. PMID- 7131024 TI - Familial myasthenia gravis. AB - A family is reported in which myasthenia gravis and thyroid disease occur over three generations. The grandmother and granddaughter have ocular myasthenia and an aunt in the second generation had generalised myasthenia gravis with a thymoma. The pattern of histocompatibility antigens (HLA) haplotypes, anti-AChR antibodies, anti-striate muscle antibodies and thyroid disease is described. The haplotype HLA-A1, B8 was found in affected members of the first and third generation but the family study showed that this was not the same haplotype because the HLA-A1, B8 haplotype in the third generation was contributed by an unaffected person marrying into the family in the second generation. PMID- 7131025 TI - The latency of the anal reflex. PMID- 7131026 TI - Rhythmic alternating asterixis. PMID- 7131027 TI - Subacute sensory neuropathy. PMID- 7131028 TI - Familial cerebral amyloid angiopathy presenting as recurrent cerebral haemorrhage. AB - Eleven patients belonging to two generations of a Dutch family with cerebral and cerebellar haemorrhage, haemorrhagic infarction and infarction are described. Their ages varied from 44 to 58 years. The principal clinical characteristics was recurring cerebral haemorrhages, sometimes preceded by a history of migrainous headaches or mental changes. In 4 of the 6 autopsied cases, old and new multiple cerebral haemorrhagic infarcts and infarcts were found, in one case a single cerebral haemorrhage and in another a cerebellar haemorrhage. In 5 cases this resulted in secondary subarachnoid haemorrhage. In one case the infarcts were only slightly haemorrhagic and did not result in subarachnoid haemorrhage. This patient presented as dementia. Microscopically, in these 6 cases and in one biopsy specimen hyaline thickening of the walls of cortical arterioles was found. The arteries of the arachnoid showed marked tortuosity, concentric proliferation, and focal hyalinization of the walls. Amyloid was found in the hyalinized vessels in 5 cases, but not outside the central nervous system. We believe that we are dealing with an inherited disorder with an autosomal dominated mode of inheritance, in which microangiopathy leads to cerebral haemorrhage and (haemorrhagic) infarction. It seems likely that amyloidosis underlies the angiopathy, and that this family suffers from a condition similar to the one described by Gudmundsson in 1972. PMID- 7131030 TI - Acute polymyositis with subcutaneous oedema. PMID- 7131029 TI - Cytochemical studies of lectin binding by diseased human muscle. AB - The binding characteristics of lectins with varying sugar specificities were investigated in muscle biopsies from normal individuals and from patients with neuromuscular disorders. Horseradish peroxidase (HRPA) and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated lectins were used for light microscopy and ferritin-conjugated Concanavalin A (Con A) for electron microscopy. In normal and diseased muscle a lectin specific for alpha-D-mannosyl residues (Con A) and a group of lectins specific for beta-D-galactosyl residues were found to bind to the perimysial and endomysial connective tissue, blood vessels and capillaries and clearly demonstrated the perimeter of each muscle fibre. Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), specific for N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetyl-neuraminic acid residues, had a similar distribution of staining although it appeared to stain the capillaries more strongly. In contrast, lectins specific for alpha-L-fucose and N-acetyl-galactosamine did not stain specifically any structures in normal or diseased muscle. In biopsies from dystrophic patients Con A, WGA and the beta-D galactose specific lectins were always associated with splits and in biopsies from a variety of disorders discontinuities in staining were observed at the periphery of occasional fibers. These were not found in normal muscle. Electron microscopy showed Con A bound to the basement membrane of muscle fibres and capillaries and the connective tissue. The plasma membranes themselves were unstained. These preliminary investigations of lectin binding in muscle have shown important differences in diseased muscle and demonstrate the application of lectin chemistry to the study of membrane structure. PMID- 7131031 TI - Presence of plasma branched-chain fatty acids in multineuronal degeneration, hepatosplenomegaly and adrenocortical insufficiency. AB - We have previously reported a unique disorder in two brothers with multi-system neuronal degeneration, hepatosplenomegaly and adrenocortical deficiency. The clinical features were different from Refsum's disease. Biochemical analysis suggested that a metabolic defect of the omega 6 polyenoic fatty acid pathway may be involved. In the present study, were have further identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry two branched-chain fatty acids, phytanate and pristanate, in these two patients' plasma. This small, but unequivocally elevated elevated amount of branched-chain fatty acids were primarily localized in the triacylglycerols of plasma low density lipoprotein. Such branched-chain fatty acids were not detected in skin, liver and sural nerve samples. These two cases may represent an alternative metabolic error to that found in Refsum's disease leading to phytanate accumulation. PMID- 7131032 TI - Neuromuscular and related changes in malnutrition. A review. PMID- 7131033 TI - Internodal myelin volume and axon surface area. A relationship determining myelin thickness? AB - Internodes from normal, remyelinated and regenerated nerve fibres have been isolated from rat spinal roots and sciatic nerve. The internodes have been examined quantitatively by light and electron microscopy to determine their internodal length, myelin thickness, and the circumference and cross-sectional area of both the axons and fibre. Comparison of these measurements of the axon and myelin sheath has revealed a close relationship between the volume of myelin comprising the internode and the area over which the Schwann cell and axon are in close proximity, i.e. the surface area of the axolemma beneath the internodal myelin sheath. The same relationship described not only the internodes on normal nerve fibres, where internodal length is proportional to axon diameter, but also the short and thinly myelinated internodes formed in the adult animal on remyelinated and on regenerated axons. Examination of data presented by Berthold (1978) revealed that a closely similar relationship is also present in feline nerve fibres. In view of the constancy of the relationship between such different types of internode it is suggested that the regulation of myelin volume, and thereby of myelin thickness, may be mediated via the area of the axolemma or of the Schwann cell membrane beneath the myelin sheath. PMID- 7131036 TI - Synaptic and non-synaptic components of the human cervical evoked response. AB - The human cervical evoked response comprises a main negative wave and a following positivity. The peak of the negative wave, N13, is preceded by a small notch, N11, on the ascending negativity and is followed by another notch, N14, on the descending negative slope. The mechanisms of the components in the human cervical evoked response are still subject to discussion. In the present study conventional neurophysiological techniques were applied to see whether the components were of synaptic or non-synaptic origin. Resistance to high-frequency stimulation, refractoriness as tested by train or double shock conditioning stimuli and the effect of graded stimulation revealed that N11 and N14 fulfilled the criteria of a non-synaptic origin. N13 and the positive wave had properties pointing to a synaptic origin, the latter evidently reflecting an inhibitory mechanism. Each component in the human cervical evoked response both morphologically and functionally resembled the well known subcomponents in the spinal cord dorsum potential in experimental animals. PMID- 7131035 TI - The pathogenesis of globoid cell leucodystrophy in peripheral nerve of the mouse mutant twitcher. AB - The twitcher mouse is affected by a disease with pathological features resembling those of human globoid cell leucodystrophy (Krabbe's disease): it also has an identical enzyme deficiency. The progress of the disease has been studied in peripheral nerves. Myelin sheaths develop normally until about the 15th day when the rate of myelination declines. Demyelination, first affecting paranodal regions is seen from the 10th-11th day before clinical signs appear. Krabbe-type inclusions are seen in macrophages and Schwann cells a few days later. Demyelination becomes extensive with increasing age, affecting fibres of all sizes, and axons rapidly remyelinate. Axons are not involved but quantitative studies show that they remain smaller than normal. Changes in twitcher nerves are compared to those in the neuropathy in human Krabbe's disease. PMID- 7131034 TI - The effects of the increase of arterial potassium upon the excitability of normal and dystrophic myotonic muscles in man. AB - Progressively increasing concentrations of potassium chloride were administered intra-arterially to patients affected with dystrophia myotonica (Steinert's disease) and to healthy volunteers before and after parenteral taurine treatment. Changes in the excitability of thenar eminence muscles were related to plasma potassium concentrations. A rise in the plasma potassium brought about a parallel increase of muscular excitability in normal individuals whilst in dystrophic myotonic patients it was associated with a two-phase phenomenon: the severity of myotonia first decreased and then, at higher plasma potassium levels, greatly worsened with the occurrence of spontaneous myotonic discharges. The administration of taurine, a membrane-stabilizing drug, considerably lowered the excitability of both normal and dystrophic myotonic muscles. The effects of potassium and taurine on muscular membrane conductance may explain the observed changes in muscular excitability. PMID- 7131037 TI - Patterns of avian muscle fiber type regeneration. Evidence for a myotrophic influence. AB - Serratus superficialis metapatagialis (SSM) and posterior biventer cervicis (BVC) muscles were free-grafted into the site of the slow tonic anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) of adult pigeons. Grafts were prepared for histochemical examination at 1, 3, 7, 12 and 15 days; at monthly intervals from 1 to 4 months; and at various intervals up until 23 months after surgery. Few original muscle fibers survived the trauma of grafting and contributed to the regenerated muscle. The arrangement of fast and slow fibers and the percentage of slow fibers were recorded for each graft at least one month of age. Young grafts of the SSM (one to four months of age) regenerated a segregated pattern of fast and slow fibers that resembled control SSM muscles, whereas early grafts of the BVC regenerated a mosaic arrangement characteristic of normal BVC muscles. The percentages of slow fibers in both SSM and BVC grafts up to 4 months after surgery did not significantly differ from control muscles. Both SSM and BVC grafts older than 4 months of age had a significantly higher percentage of slow fibers than control muscles. These data indicate that the donor muscle influences the pattern of fiber types that is originally manifested and this pattern is maintained relatively intact for 4 months. Eventually the nerve at the host site modifies this pattern, and the fibers of the graft assume the histochemical characteristics of the muscle removed from the host site. In addition, the time required for histochemical stabilization of muscle fibers of avian heterotopic autografts is longer than that for whole muscle grafts in rats or avian minced muscle preparations, and is comparable to tenotomized avian muscle. PMID- 7131039 TI - Mitochondrial myopathy and cardiomyopathy with neurodegenerative features and multiple brain infarcts. PMID- 7131038 TI - The concentration of IgM in the cerebrospinal fluid of neurological patients. AB - The level of IgM was determined by Particle Counting Immunoassay in the cerebrospinal fluid. In non-neurological patients (N = 20) the mean was 97.5 micrograms/l with the upper reference limit at 380 micrograms/l. The mean IgM index was 0.021 with the upper reference limit at 0.071. Of 21 patients with stroke, 5 had an IgM index exceeding the reference limit. High levels and indices of IgM were observed in most patients (N = 27) with infectious meningo encephalitis. In this group, the IgM index was abnormal in about 30% of cases with a normal total protein content, and was more often increased than the IgG index. In multiple sclerosis patients (N = 80), the IgM index was increased in 32%. In this disease very high values of IgM index (greater than 0.13) were never associated with very high values of IgG index (greater than 1.8). A significantly higher proportion of males was found in the group of patients with very high values of IgM index (N = 11). No significant influence of the age of onset, the interval between onset and sampling and clinical state was observed. However, of 10 patients with a multiple sclerosis history exceeding 15 years none had an IgM index exceeding the upper reference limit. Four patients with multiple sclerosis had a high IgM index without either an increase of the IgG index or the presence of oligoclonal bands. PMID- 7131040 TI - Multiple sclerosis and dog ownership. A case-control investigation. AB - In 1977 and 1978 Cook and his associates demonstrated a positive association between ownership of small dogs and both familial and sporadic cases of multiple sclerosis in New Jersey. Because of the far reaching implications of this work, a similar study was carried out and 72 patients with clinically definite multiple sclerosis (MS) who were resident in the area covered by the Oxford Regional Health Authority, were interviewed to ascertain their past exposure to housepets and other animals. Two hospital controls were chosen for each patient matched for age and sex and area of residence, and these were interviewed in the same manner as the MS cases by the same interviewer, usually in the patients' homes. Similar proportions of cases and controls had resided in a household with a dog at some time prior to the onset of their disease and there was no evidence that cases had lived with more dogs or had lived with them for longer periods than had controls. There was no indication that cases had greater exposure than controls to dogs or any other housepet in the early years of their life or in the period immediately prior to disease onset. Our data suggest that exposure to housepets and other domestic animals is unlikely to be an aetiological factor in MS. PMID- 7131041 TI - The effects of 2,5-hexane dione on remyelination in the peripheral nervous system of the mouse. AB - We compared the development and resolution of a demyelinating lesion (produced by the intraneural injection of lysophosphatidyl choline) in mice exposed to a known neurotoxic agent (2,5-hexane dione) with similar events in control animals. A prolongation of the pro-myelin stage was observed in the hexane dione-treated animals: the suppression of remyelination became progressively more marked with the length of exposure to hexane dione. Prolongation of the pro-myelin stage is an indication of a disturbance in some component of the complex interaction between Schwann cell and axon, and presumably reflects the neurotoxicity of 2,5 hexane dione. PMID- 7131043 TI - An electron microscopic study of autonomic nerve cells in the cloacal region of the lamprey, Lampetra japonica. AB - Two types of autonomic nerve cell in the cloacal region of lamprey, Lampetra japonica have been studied by electron microscopy. Large ganglion cells (LGC) were unipolar and individually invested with a satellite cell sheath. The LGC satellite cell complex measured 24 microns X 38 microns on average. Granular endoplasmic reticulum and cored vesicles (80-140 nm in diameter) were scattered in the perikaryon. Two kinds of peculiar cytoplasmic filament were seen in LGC: one type was about 20 nm in diameter with periodic dense material on the surface and the other had a diameter of about 8 nm and showed an undulating profile. Nerve endings containing abundant small clear vesicles (30-50 nm in diameter) and a few larger cored vesicles (50-100 nm in diameter) were found in synaptic contact with LGC. Small ganglion cells (SGC) were also unipolar and covered incompletely by a satellite cell sheath. The SGC-satellite cell complex measured 6 and 12 microns on average. The SGC was packed with organelles and the perikaryon appeared more electron dense than that of LGC. SGC perikaryonal cytoplasm contained dispersed granular endoplasmic reticulum and numerous large cored vesicles (55-220 nm in diameter). Nerve endings containing numerous large cored vesicles (70-170 nm in diameter) and variable numbers of small clear vesicles (30-50 nm in diameter) were seen on the surface of SGC. PMID- 7131042 TI - Development of resistance to lead encephalopathy during maturation in the rat pup. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the maturational period during which the rat pup becomes resistant to the toxic effects of lead on the brain. Pups were fed lead, as lead acetate, by esophageal catheter for 14 days beginning at various ages between 14-24 days. The daily lead doses, which produced a hemorrhagic cerebellar encephalopathy in at least 50% of pups, were 400 micrograms Pb/g body weight for animals fed from 14 days of age, 800 micrograms/g for animals fed from 16 days, and 1600 micrograms/g for animals fed from 18 days. In contrast, pups fed even higher lead doses beginning at 20 days showed only a patchy cerebellar edema by light microscopy while pups fed from 24 days had normal cerebellums by light microscopy. The encephalopathic lead doses in the younger pups resulted in the same cerebellar lead concentrations (about 30 micrograms/g protein) as the higher lead doses fed pups beginning at 20 ot 24 days. When corrected for blood lead concentrations, the cerebellar lead concentrations were 20-25% higher in the encephalopathic compared to the older encephalopathy-resistant animals. This difference may be accounted for by cerebellar hemorrhages in the younger animals. Polarographic studies showed inhibition of respiration in cerebellar slices from animals fed lead from 14 days of age but not in animals fed from 20 or 24 days of age. Our results that, during the encephalopathy-sensitive age period, a critical cerebellar concentration of lead is associated with the encephalopathy. Resistance to lead encephalopathy in older animals, with similar cerebellar lead concentrations, may be related to a capacity to sequester lead in new cellular locations away from its site of action on aerobic energy metabolism. PMID- 7131044 TI - An ultrastructural analysis of the development of foetal rat retina transplanted to the occipital cortex, a site lacking appropriate target neurons for optic fibres. AB - Foetal retina was removed from donor rats at 15 days of gestation and transplanted to the occipital cortex of neonatal host rats. The purpose of this procedure was to examine the development of retinal neurons and photoreceptors, and document synaptic patterns during maturation of the transplanted retina in an environment lacking a normal target for optic axons. Host animals were sacrificed at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 days and samples of cortex containing the transplant were subjected to a light and electron microscopic analysis. During early stages of development, (5 days) the retina assumes a radial orientation with the scleral (outer) surface located centrally and the vitreal (inner) surface occupying the periphery. Numerous mitotic figures are found at the centre of the transplant and columns of primitive neuroblasts appear to radiate out from this zone. By 10 to 15 days after transplantation the retinal tissue contains numerous small rosettes each of which displays a histotypic organization with recognizable layers of sensory cells and their centrally-projecting processes, an outer limiting membrane, made up of a network of zonulae adherentes, and a rudimentary outer and inner plexiform layer which delineate the cells of the inner nuclear layer. Ultrastructural analysis of such rosettes confirmed the presence of typical bipolar, amacrine, horizontal and ganglion cells, but revealed that while the plexiform layers were occupied by numerous processes from these neurons, few if any, of these exhibited synaptic vesicles. By 20 to 30 days following transplantation sensory cells have completely differentiated, giving rise to prominent inner and outer segments which display typical cilia, centrioles and basal bodies, together with numerous stacked lamellae of photoreceptors which were contorted, presumably due to growth in an abnormal site. It should be further emphasized that these structures developed in the absence of pigment cells. Synaptic development ensues during this period to form characteristic dyads within the outer and inner plexiform layers. Additionally, clusters of amacrine to amacrine contacts occurred in the inner plexiform layer and were found to be increased relative to other types of junctions. In general, synaptogenesis takes place in the outer and inner plexiform layers and all categories of retinal synapses are established, but the process was found to be significantly delayed in comparison to normal retina at the same stage of development. Quantitative analysis revealed a reduced number of presumptive ganglion cells in proportion to the other categories of neurons. Optic fibres remained small and failed to myelinate. It is suggested that lack of an appropriate target for optic axons induced this alteration and may be indirectly related to the delay in the onset of synaptic development. PMID- 7131045 TI - The early formation of the corpus callosum: a light and electron microscopic study in foetal and neonatal rats. AB - A light and electron microscopic study of the developing corpus callosum was carried out in foetal and neonatal rats in order to determine the mode of growth of the earliest callosal axons across the midline and to investigate the potential role played by non-neuronal cells during the formation of the tract. The axons of the corpus callosum first cross the midline between the 18th and 19th days of gestation by traversing the anterodorsal aspect of the pre-existing hippocampal commissure. Prior to the appearance of the callosal axons at the midline, there is an aggregation of astrocyte processes anterior and dorsal to the hippocampal commissure. Careful examination of these processes in different planes of section shows that they are not organized in any obvious way that would provide a clearly defined path for the growing axons; nor are there any preferentially oriented extracellular spaces at the midline. No specialized membrane contacts could be seen between non-neuronal cell processes and the early callosal axons. Thus, there is no overt morphological evidence for an active role of non-neuronal cells in axon guidance in the initial formation of the corpus callosum. The development of the corpus callosum is accompanied by the formation of a temporary cavum septi pellucidi, which is always closed to the subarachnoid space. The cavum persists during the first postnatal week, after which time it becomes populated by cells of the lateral septal nuclei. Macrophages are present within the cavum and may play a role in its formation. Macrophages are also found within parts of the corpus callosum. No obvious degeneration of axons is seen in the corpus callosum during its early development. PMID- 7131046 TI - Fine structure of Periplaneta americana neurons in long-term culture. AB - A new culture technique is described for dissociated ganglia of embryos of Periplaneta americana. Neurons obtained by the mechanical dissociation of ganglia from 23-26 day old embryos were grown for seven days in a combination of Schneider's Drosophila Medium and Eagle's Basal Medium and then transferred to a combination of Leibovitz's L-15 Medium and Yunker's Modified Grace's Medium supplemented with ecdysone. Neurons cultured in this way survived for periods in excess of one month. The cells had a typically neuronal ultrastructure and produced axonal processes that associated to form fibre bundles. Within these processes neurosecretory granules, dense-core vesicles and clear vesicles were found. In some instances these vesicles aggregated at points of contact between fibres giving the appearance of presynaptic endings. These cultures would appear to be suitable for pharmacological studies of the insect nervous system. PMID- 7131047 TI - Differentiation of the nodal and internodal axolemma in the optic nerves of neonatal rats. AB - Axon plasma membranes (axolemma) were studied by freeze-fracture electron microscopy at stages prior to and during myelination in the optic nerves of neonatal rats. In unensheathed axons, intramembranous particles associated with the internal (P) and external (E) leaflets of the axolemma increased in number before reaching a plateau (approximately 600/micron2 in both leaflets) at about 9 days postnatally. In newly myelinated fibres, by contrast, the distribution of particles was asymmetrical; fewer particles (approximately 200/micron2) were found on the E-face and greater numbers (approximately 1400/micron2) were present on the P-face, distributions similar to those observed in mature myelinated fibres. Node-like aggregations of particles were not found in unensheathed pre myelinated axons nor were they present in axons presumed to be ensheathed by glial cytoplasm but not yet myelinated, although nodal specializations could be easily identified in fibres with only a few turns of compact myelin. These observations show first that there is a redistribution of particles in the P- and E-faces of the internodal axolemma coincident with the onset of myelination and secondly, that nodal specializations (represented by the increased densities of E face particles) appear after ensheathment but before the formation of compact myelin in fibres of the rat optic nerve. PMID- 7131048 TI - Ultrastructural studies of young and old mouse neuromuscular junctions. AB - The ultrastructure of the neuromuscular junction of young and old male CBF-1 mice was analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The age-related findings were similar in both the phasic extensor digitorum longus muscle and the tonic soleus muscle but more pronounced in the latter. Presynaptic terminals of old mice compared to young showed decreases in nerve terminal area, mitochondria and synaptic vesicles, but increases in smooth endoplasmic reticulum, coated vesicles, cisternae, microtubules and probably neurofilaments. On the postsynaptic side there were increases in complexity of junctional folds and subsarcolemmal vesicles, and the appearance of lipofuscin deposits. Occasional denervated postsynaptic regions were encountered in old neuromuscular junctions, but the predominant characteristics of aging changes were not those of denervation. Rather, a unique and uniform process involving most of the population of nerve terminals, possibly of physiologically adaptive significance, appears to occur with age in both phasic and tonic limb muscles. PMID- 7131049 TI - Ultrastructure of the central nervous system in a myelin deficient rat. AB - Myelin deficiency (md) is a new mutant in the Wistar rat caused by an X-linked recessive lethal gene. One-half of the male offspring develop tremor and ataxia at 10-12 days of age and seizures at 16-21 days. Usually, the animals die 24-28 days postnatally unless survival is prolonged by anticonvulsants. Light microscopic examination of the C.N.S. shows a complete lack of myelin. The P.N.S. is normally myelinated, however. Frontal cortex, corpus callosum, optic nerves, cerebellum and spinal cord were studied routinely in affected animals aged 3-46 days. Abnormal males were identified three days after birth by the absence of myelinated axons from the ventral funiculus of the cervical cord. In mutants aged 3-16 days, axons had the usual ultrastructural features but were either entirely non-myelinated or, rarely, were invested by poorly organized, non-compacted, myelin-like loops of membranes, 2 to 4 in number. In mutants aged 17-20 days, axonal swellings appeared. These increased in number with longer survival times and contained large numbers of microtubules, neurofilaments, mitochondria and dense bodies. Normal C.N.S. myelin was not observed at any age. Two types of abnormal glial cell occur in md. The first, present in white matter at three days of age, is an abnormal oligodendrocyte. The cytoplasm contains dilatation of the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and the nuclear envelope is widened. A second cell-type, conspicuous by 10 days, has an electron-dense nucleus with prominently clumped chromatin and large cytoplasmic lipid droplets. This second cell type is believed to be a microgliacyte. The number of cytologically-normal oligodendrocytes decreases as mutants age while hypertrophied, filament-rich astrocytes occur in increasing numbers. The myelin defect in md C.N.S. is probably due to an abnormality of oligodendrocytes. Axonal alterations are probably secondary. Myelin deficiency resembles the murine mutant, Jimpy (jp), although ultrastructural changes in oligodendrocytes appear to be dis-similar and md, in contrast to jp, contains no normal-appearing C.N.S. myelin. PMID- 7131050 TI - Comparison of movement-related activity in two cortical motor areas of primates. PMID- 7131051 TI - Setting and resetting of level of postural muscle tone in decerebrate cat by stimulation of brain stem. PMID- 7131052 TI - Morphological and physiological characteristics of inhibitory burst neurons controlling horizontal rapid eye movements in the alert cat. PMID- 7131053 TI - Inhibition of spinal dorsal horn neuronal responses to noxious skin heating by medial hypothalamic stimulation in the cat. PMID- 7131054 TI - Spatial receptive fields of catfish retinal ganglion cells. PMID- 7131055 TI - Temperature and criterion effects in a somatosensory subsystem: a neurophysiological and psychophysical study. PMID- 7131056 TI - Management of intrauterine hydrocephalus. AB - The aggressive treatment of hydrocephalus has been of benefit to many children. Sophisticated two-dimensional ultrasound techniques allow the diagnosis of prenatal hydrocephalus to be made with accuracy and ease. In the past, the medical decisions governing the management of hydrocephalus in utero were made by obstetricians and were directed at reducing maternal mortality and morbidity. Now, with improved diagnosis and support facilities for the newborn, neurosurgical input is being requested as more concern is expressed for the fetus. Based on their experience with seven cases of intrauterine hydrocephalus in the past 3 years, the authors present their program for the management of this problem. If antenatal ultrasonography shows hydrocephalus without other anomalies, they recommend that the fetus be born by elective Caesarean section at the time of pulmonary maturity, and that early ventricular shunting be carried out. This plan should minimize nervous system trauma resulting from hydrocephalus and the birth process. If, however, antenatal diagnostic studies show cerebral or other major system anomalies in addition to hydrocephalus, than standard obstetrical care should be given. Antenatal ultrasonography has been found to be reliable in assessing fetal lateral ventricular size and shape, and to correlate well with the results of postnatal computerized tomography scanning. PMID- 7131058 TI - Craniovertebral junction malformations. Clinicoradiological findings, long-term results, and surgical indications in 63 cases. AB - The fate of a series of 63 patients operated on between 1953 and 1979 was studied retrospectively to assess the efficacy of neurosurgical treatment in relieving symptoms associated with craniovertebral junction (CVJ) malformations. Fifty eight patients underwent posterior cervicomedullary decompression, and the other five underwent transoral clivus-atlanto-odontoidectomy. Long-term results with the posterior approach showed that 50% of the patients benefited from surgery, 25% remained unchanged, and 25% continued to deteriorate or died. Patients with dorsal nervous tissue and/or meningeal anomalies, such as Arnold-Chiari malformation, hydrosyringomyelia, dural fibrous ring, or obstruction of the cisterna magna, did better than patients with ventral cervicomedullary indentation caused by a clivus-atlanto-odontoid bone complex. Anterior decompression is preferable to a posterior approach only if the CVJ malformation involves a ventral deformity in the absence of dorsal compression by soft tissue. PMID- 7131057 TI - Investigation and management of suprasellar arachnoid cysts. PMID- 7131059 TI - Spinal cord injury, spinal fracture, and spinal stenosis in ankylosing spondylitis. AB - The authors report a retrospective review of 105 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) diagnosed over a 6-year period in Tucson, Arizona. In the series, there were 13 patients with spinal fractures and eight with severe spinal cord injury. Two patients with central cord contusion had no demonstrable cervical spine fracture. Injury was often trivial and dislocation at fractures sites was minimal, demonstrating the extreme fragility of these patients. Spinal stenosis, which has not previously been associated with AS, was documented in three cases. Pseudarthrosis, a destructive vertebral lesion that does not require surgical decompression or fusion, was found in four patients; this entity is believed to originate as a pathological or traumatic fracture. Atlanto-axial subluxation and basilar invagination associated with spinal ankylosis occurred in one patient. The study emphasizes the value of computerized tomography scanning of the spine for diagnosis, and halo-vest application as a nonoperative treatment for cervical immobilization. Early diagnosis and appropriate therapy to decompress, reduce, and immobilize unstable spinal lesions may result in reduction of the 29% mortality rate and 45% permanent neurological morbidity rate observed after spinal fracture in this series of AS patients. Because of the high operative complication rate observed, nonsurgical immobilization is the recommended treatment unless spinal dislocation or bone fragment displacement has occurred at the fracture site. PMID- 7131060 TI - Secondary removal of retained bone fragments in missile wounds of the brain. AB - Secondary operations for the removal of retained bone fragments have been performed in 116 of the 1133 casualties with craniocerebral missile wounds incurred in the war in Vietnam, 1967 to 1970. Various complications developed in 19 of these 116 casualties. Dehiscence of the wound occurred in eight patients, five of whom developed a cerebrospinal fluid fistula. Infection manifested itself in 16 cases with retained bone fragments prior to their secondary removal; however, infection first became apparent after the secondary operation in seven patients. Two of the seven patients with infection died. The neurological deficit became worse in four of the 116 patients following the secondary removal of a bone fragment: there was complete resolution of that deficit in one, and return to the neurological status existing after the initial operation in another; the other two patients developed a permanently disabling neurological deficit, an incidence of 1.7%. PMID- 7131061 TI - Effect of early operation for ruptured aneurysms on prevention of delayed ischemic symptoms. AB - The effect of removal of subarachnoid blood clots on the prevention of delayed ischemic deficit was evaluated in 239 consecutive patients with ruptured supratentorial non-giant aneurysms. All patients were hospitalized within 24 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and were classified in Grades 1 to 4 according to the system of Hunt and Hess; classification was made immediately preoperatively in patients operated on within 48 hours after SAH, or 48 hours after SAH in patients for whom delayed operation was planned. Delayed ischemic deficit causing permanent disability or death occurred in 11 (25%) of 44 patients in whom surgery was planned to be delayed for 10 days or more, in 26 (27.7%) of 94 patients in whom the aneurysms were obliterated and blood clots adjacent to them were removed within 48 hours of SAH, and in 11 (10.9%) of 101 patients in whom the aneurysms were obliterated and extensive and aggressive removal of thick subarachnoid clots lying along the arteries (identified on computerized tomographic scan) was performed within 48 hours of SAH. Accordingly, early operation is an effective and reliable method to reduce the occurrence of severe delayed ischemic deficit only when subarachnoid blood clots are removed extensively and aggressively along the arteries within 48 hours of SAH. PMID- 7131062 TI - Reversal of intracerebral steal by STA-MCA anastomosis. AB - A major factor determining the severity of neurological deficits caused by cerebral ischemia is the ability of the vasculature to provide collateral circulation to the ischemic areas. By establishing a major conduit by means of extracranial-intracranial anastomosis, the increased perfusion pressure through the collateral arterioles may reduce morbidity in these patients. Twenty-seven patients were selected for superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) anastomosis based on clinical and angiographic evidence of lesions of the internal carotid arterial system. Cerebral blood flows (CBF's) were determined by the xenon-133 inhalation method using 16 symmetrically placed scintillator probes; two-compartment analysis was used to compute a mean flow for the compartment. An average mean flow was computed for each hemisphere, and for four regions with the lowest mean CBF in each hemisphere. The CBF was measured preoperatively and within 8 weeks postoperatively. The average mean flow was 29 ml/100 mg/min in the symptomatic hemisphere, and 30 ml/100 gm/min in the asymptomatic hemisphere. In 11 patients, the mean flow for the symptomatic hemisphere increased by 24% postoperatively, and for the asymptomatic hemisphere by 23%. Regions with lowest CBF showed an increase of 32% in the symptomatic hemisphere, and of 35% in the asymptomatic hemisphere. The low-flow regions differed from the total hemisphere (symptomatic: p less than 0.02; asymptomatic: p less than 0.05). Areas of lowest blood flow preoperatively had the greatest increase in flow postoperatively. Postoperative elevation of CBF in the contralateral hemisphere is consistent with an "intracerebral steal" before surgery. The postoperative elevation of flow in the asymptomatic hemisphere is related to improved perfusion pressure in the symptomatic hemisphere. PMID- 7131063 TI - Valve invagination in ventriculoatrial shunting. PMID- 7131064 TI - Performance of chronically implanted induction-powered oscillator epidural pressure transducers. PMID- 7131065 TI - Implanted pulsatile balloon device for simulation of neurovascular compression syndromes in animals. AB - A self-contained neurovascular compression simulator (NCS) has been designed to function as an artificial artery that pulsates with the heart. When implanted in animals, this device simulates those naturally occurring situations in which there is compression of nervous elements in the region of the brain stem or other areas by aberrant, or ectatic branches of normal arteries. The NCS consists of an intra-aortic balloon, a smaller (cephalic) balloon, a connecting tube, and an injection port, all fabricated of polyurethane-silicone compounds. With each heart systole, the rise in intra-aortic pressure is transmitted to the smaller cephalic balloon in the form of a pulsation. Thus, part of the cardiac ejection energy is transferred to the desired nervous structures. The performance of each NCS is tested in vitro in a pulse duplicator system. The NCS was chronically implanted for up to 2 years in four dogs and 10 baboons. The cephalic balloon was placed intracranially in the subarachnoid space on the ventrolateral medulla adjacent to the entry zone of the ninth and 10th cranial nerves on the left side of baboons and on the right side of dogs. The position of the balloons was checked by fluoroscopy. Following implantation, the NCS could be inflated or deflated at will using the injection port which served to restart or discontinue the pulsations. No occlusion of the aorta or reduction of blood flow to the lower limbs or trunk was detected. By means of the NCS, an experimental model of neurogenic hypertension was produced in baboons. PMID- 7131066 TI - Effects of vertebral column distraction in the monkey. AB - Experiments were performed to assess the effects of vertebral column distraction on evoked potential responses from multiple recording sites along the conducting pathway in the monkey, and on concurrent blood flows, measured with the radioactive microsphere technique, along the axis of the central nervous system. Linear distractive loads were applied until the amplitude of the evoked response was significantly reduced. In four monkeys, the loads (100 to 150 lb) were sustained, whereas in two monkeys the forces (80 to 110 lb) were relaxed. The earliest response changes were most marked in recordings dependent upon the integrity of the upper cervical dorsal columns or brain stem-lemniscal pathway. The responses returned to control levels with load relaxation, but maintenance of the tractive load produced generalized and progressive response attenuation. At selected periods of significant changes in the evoked potential response, blood flow remained stable except for the late onset of regional ischemia in the middle cervical through upper thoracic spinal cord levels in the animals undergoing sustained loads. These findings indicate that brain-stem or spinal cord dysfunction occurring with both acute and gradual elongation of the spinal canal are the result of excess tensile stress acting on fiber tracts, and the delayed onset of spinal cord ischemia is the probable result of a similar mechanical process acting upon intrinsic spinal cord blood vessels. PMID- 7131067 TI - Effect of high-dose corticosteroid therapy on blood flow, evoked potentials, and extracellular calcium in experimental spinal injury. AB - High-dose methylprednisolone (15 to 30 mg/kg), administered 45 minutes after severe contusion injury (400 gm-cm) to cat spinal cords, rapidly reverses the typical posttraumatic ischemia that occurs in spinal injuries. White matter blood flow improves despite the systemic hypotension associated with bolus intravenous injections of such massive corticosteroid doses. In addition, this treatment facilitates extracellular calcium ionic recovery in contused spinal cords, and salvages evoked potential activity that is lost in untreated cats. These data suggest that high-dose corticosteroid treatment causes local vasodilation of spinal cord blood vessels. The consequent blood flow increase may account for the beneficial effects of high-dose corticosteroid treatment on both functional recovery and histopathological appearance of injured spinal cords. PMID- 7131069 TI - Long-term axonal apposition in rat sciatic nerve neuroma. AB - Long-term electrophysiological cross-talk between nerve fibers has been demonstrated in rat sciatic nerve following induction of an amputation neuroma. Experiments wee designed to establish an anatomical basis for this phenomenon. The sciatic nerve was transected and the epineurium oversewn with 10-0 nylon in 16 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. The resulting neuromas were prepared for ultrastructural analysis 7, 14, 30, and 60 days later. An analysis of the unmyelinated nerve fibers showed normal configuration of the fibers, with normal organelles, separated by Schwann cell processes in the neuroma. However, degenerating unmyelinated nerve fibers and nerve fibers with masses of neurofilaments were often observed. In approximately 10% of the total population observed, there were two or more unmyelinated nerve fibers in a single Schwann process fascicle. Some of the multiple unmyelinated nerve fiber fascicles had nerve fibers that were in membranous apposition. This configuration of unmyelinated axons could form the anatomical basis for long-term physiological cross-talk between axons in a neuroma, and could be of consequence in pain production. PMID- 7131070 TI - Surgical treatment of spinal cord astrocytomas of childhood. A series of 19 patients. PMID- 7131068 TI - Intraoperative monitoring of brain-stem auditory evoked potentials. AB - Brain-stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) were monitored during 545 neurosurgical operations in the cerebellopontine angle. The BAEP were irreversibly obliterated in five patients who required deliberate section of the auditory nerve. Technical difficulties interfered with monitoring in three cases, and three patients had deafness and absent BAEP preoperatively. Reversible alterations in BAEP were seen during 32 operations, with recovery after as long as 177 minutes of virtually complete obliteration. Changes in BAEP were associated with surgical retraction, operative manipulation, positioning of the head and neck for retromastoid craniectomy, and the combination of hypocarbia and moderate hypotension. In 19 cases, waveforms improved after specific interventions made by the surgeon or anesthesiologist because of deteriorating BAEP. In 13 other cases, BAEP recovered after maneuvers not specifically related to the electrophysiological monitoring, most often completion of operative manipulation. Whenever BAEP returned toward normal by the end of anesthesia, even after transient obliteration, hearing was preserved. Irreversible loss of BAEP occurred only when the auditory nerve was deliberately sacrificed. The authors conclude that monitoring of BAEP may help prevent injury to the auditory nerve and brain stem during operations in the cerebellopontine angle. PMID- 7131071 TI - Pencil gliomas of the aqueduct of Sylvius. Report of two cases. PMID- 7131072 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid edema: a rare complication of shunt operations for hydrocephalus. Report of three cases. AB - Three cases are presented in which a rare complication occurred after a shunt operation for hydrocephalus. On postoperative computerized tomography (CT) scans, extensive low-density areas appeared in the white matter along the ventricular catheter. After shunt revision, gradual resolution or disappearance of the low density area was clearly demonstrated on CT. In one patient, a collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was confirmed at operation and appeared to lie in the extracellular spaces of the white matter. The phenomenon is considered to be localized CSF edema, different from porencephaly. PMID- 7131073 TI - Spinal intradural schwannoma without attachment to a nerve root. Case report. PMID- 7131074 TI - Surgical treatment of post-lumbar puncture dural CSF leak causing chronic headache. Case report. AB - A 58-year-old woman experienced incapacitating headache and occipital paresthesiae for 5 years after lumbar myelography. Conservative methods of treatment failed. Successive investigations for a suspected cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak were unrevealing. Leakage of CSF from the subarachnoid space into the epidural space in the lumbar region was finally confirmed when oil-soluble contrast material (Pantopaque), injected into the cervical subarachnoid space, was revealed by a specific technical modification to be escaping from the lumbar sac. Repair of the dural defect with dorsolumbar fascia resulted in almost complete alleviation of symptoms. This case is unusual because of the radiographic technique used, the duration of symptoms, and the rarity of reports of successful surgical treatment for this serious complication of lumbar puncture. PMID- 7131076 TI - Air embolism associated with wounds from a pin-type head-holder. Case report. PMID- 7131075 TI - Spontaneous intracranial extradural hematoma. Case report. PMID- 7131077 TI - Femoral nerve injury following appendectomy. Case report. PMID- 7131078 TI - Unusual presentation of cervical chordoma with long-term survival. Case report. PMID- 7131079 TI - Salmonella typhi epidural abscess occurring 47 years after typhoid fever. Case report. PMID- 7131080 TI - Method of eyelid closure in facial nerve paralysis. Technical note. PMID- 7131081 TI - Cerebral cysticercosis. PMID- 7131082 TI - Radionuclide hepatobiliary imaging: nonvisualization of the gallbladder secondary to prolonged fasting. PMID- 7131083 TI - Radioiodide uptake and turnover in a pseudo-medullary thyroid carcinoma. AB - A mass in a woman's neck, with no sequestration by Tc-99m imaging, was accompanied by an elevated serum calcitonin on one occasion. Light microscopy of a biopsy was consistent with medullary thyroid carcinoma. Electron microscopy showed secretory granules similar to those found in normal C-cells and in medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. The neck mass (and pulmonary and hepatic metastases likely from the principal mass) concentrated radioiodide (I-131). Subsequent immunoperoxidase examination of the tissues showed them to contain thyroglobulin but not calcitonin. The tumor was thus likely of follicular-cell origin. Reports of radioiodide uptake in medullary thyroid carcinoma may be correct, but each case will have to be re-examined with attention to tissue markers such as thyroglobulin and calcitonin. These markers might more correctly classify the origin of the tumor. The possibilities of cell interconversion and of dual origin are also discussed. Whole-body turnover of radioiodide was quantified as well as that in the pulmonary lesions. Rapid removal of radioactivity was present, suggesting that agents reducing iodide turnover might have therapeutic value in these cases. At five days after radioiodide administration, a biopsy specimen showed that the tumor-to-blood ratio (per gram) was greater than 1. PMID- 7131085 TI - Measurement of fecal C-14 excretion. AB - Simultaneous measurements of fecal C-14 and expired 14CO2 in the breath are necessary to evaluate patients with various ileal abnormalities and bile salt malabsorption. Following the oral ingestion of the labeled bile acid, glycine-[I 14C]cholic acid, detection of increased fecal C-14 without abnormal expiration of 14CO2 identifies patients with ileal resection. This contrasts with the normal fecal C-14 content and abnormal expired 14CO2 found in patients with bacterial overgrowth. Fecal C-14 content was determined by utilizing Van Slyke combustion of the specimen and trapping the liberated 14CO2 with Scintisorb C. The method is simple, rapid, and accurate, and expands the diagnostic usefulness of the bile salt absorption test. PMID- 7131086 TI - The relevance of basic technetium chemistry to nuclear medicine. PMID- 7131084 TI - Technetium-99m labeling of antibodies to cardiac myosin Fab and to human fibrinogen. AB - We have developed a method of labeling biologically active labile macromolecules, such as human fibrinogen (HF) and anticardiac-myosin Fab (AM-Fab), with Tc-99m at neutral pH. This method uses dithionite reduction of pertechnetate and subsequent labeling, to test the method with acid-labile macromolecules. Complexes of diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid with macromolecules such as human fibrinogen (D-HF) and anticardiac-myosin Fab (D-AM-Fab) were labeled and utilized in in vitro and in vivo studies. In biodistribution studies, the Tc-99m D-HF had a two component blood clearance (half-times 1 hr and 15 hr) and was 80--88% coagulable. The Tc-99m AM-Fab retained its immunoreactivity as tested by affinity chromatography; also during in vivo localization in experimental myocardial infarction. This labeling technique provides an easy and efficient approach to the Tc-99m labeling of other biologically active and acid-labile macromolecules. PMID- 7131088 TI - The relationships between the Ga-67 uptake and nuclear DNA Feulgen content in thyroid tumors: concise communication. AB - It has been reported that Ga-67 uptake by malignant tumors differs somewhat according to the histologic type. Previously, we reported that uptake of Ga-67 is predictably low in well-differentiated adenocarcinoma of the thyroid gland but high in anaplastic carcinoma and malignant lymphoma. We studied the relationship between Ga-67 uptake and nuclear DNA content in four papillary adenocarcinomas, three follicular adenocarcinomas, three anaplastic carcinomas, and five malignant lymphomas of the thyroid gland. In anaplastic carcinoma and malignant lymphoma, the nuclear DNA content and proliferative index were significantly higher than in well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. These results suggest that there is close correlation between Ga-67 uptake and degree of malignancy of thyroid tumor cells. PMID- 7131087 TI - Noninvasive quantitation of right-ventricular volume overload in adults by gated equilibrium radionuclide angiography. AB - R-wave-synchronized equilibrium radionuclide angiography (RNA) is a noninvasive method whose time-activity curves provide count information that is proportional to ventricular volume. We have performed resting gated RNA in nine consecutive adult patients undergoing cardiac catheterization for evaluation of left-to-right shunting. Pulmonary/systemic flow ratios (Qp/Qs) calculated from RNA correlated well with Qp/Qs defined by oximetry (r = 0.87, y = 0.85x + 0.11, sy . x = 0.46). In five patients imaged before, and within 1 mo after, successful surgical repair, RNA Qp/Qs declined from a mean (+/- s.d.) of 2.9 +/- 1.0 to 1.1 +/- 0.2. Right/left ventricular end-diastolic volume ratios declined from 3.1 +/- 1.3 to 1.7 +/- 0.2. Although left-ventricular ejection fraction did not change, right ventricular ejection fraction declined in these patients. Imaging in nine patients with right-ventricular dysfunction, but without shunt or regurgitation, yielded a mean Qp/Qs of 0.94 +/- 0.27. We conclude that Qp/Qs, right-ventricular ejection fraction, and relative ventricular enlargement may be accurately quantitated and followed serially after therapeutic intervention using gated RNA. PMID- 7131089 TI - Metabolic effects of infection by the stomach worm Obeliscoides cuniculi in rabbits fed diets varying in nutritive quality. AB - Rabbits parasitized by Obeliscoides cuniculi were used as models for stomach worm parasitism in ruminants. A 3 X 4 randomized complete block design containing three levels of of infection (NI, no infection; LI and HI, infections produced by 1,800 and 30,000 larvae, respectively) and four levels of diet (PC, high protein and carbohydrate; pc, low protein and carbohydrate; Pc, high protein, and low carbohydrate; pC, low protein and high carbohydrate) was replicated four times. Mean weight gains for rabbits on diets pc or PC were not influenced by infection level, whereas LI rabbits on diets Pc and pC gained as well as the NI animals and more than the HI ones. Only HI rabbits exhibited anorexia. NI and LI rabbits has positive feed conversion efficiencies, whereas those of HI rabbits were negative. The apparent digestibilities of organic matter, protein, and ash in rabbits with different infection levels varied with diet. Daily nitrogen balances were positive. The changes in concentrations of amino acids in the plasma typically associated with systemic, fever-producing infections or with starvation or protein-calorie malnutrition did not occur in infected rabbits. Only the high level infections produced adverse effects on productivity. These effects occurred on diets pc, Pc and pC and were mediated by anorexia. PMID- 7131090 TI - Effect of age and body weight on the maintenance requirement of lean and obese Zucker rats. AB - The effect of age (34-215 days) and body weight (80-627 g) on the maintenance requirements of lean (n = 4) and obese (n = 4) Zucker rats was determined in 5 maintenance trials. The rats were fed a semipurified, 20% protein diet. The metabolizable energy intake (MEI) required for maintenance of body weight (BW) was determined in weekly intake-metabolism trials. Maintenance requirements [kilocalories MEI/(day.kilogram BW)] were lower (P less than 0.01) for obese rats than for lean rats, and they decreased with age for both types, respectively (Y = 206.23 - 0.3524 X; r = -0.547 and Y = 252.61 -0.4818 X; r = -0.649). Maintenance requirements (kilocalories MEI/day) of obese rats were lower (P less than 0.01) than lean rats, respectively, when expressed in terms of grams body weight (Y = 7.03 + 0.1333 X; r = 0.994 and Y = 9.04 + 0.1441 X; r = 0.994), metabolic body size (kilogram 0.75) (Y = -4.52 + 132.33 X; r = 0.989 and Y = 0.05 + 130.52 X; r 0.992) or least squares, type-specific exponent [Y = 119.03 (kilogram0.77); r = 0.975 and Y = 120.87 (kilogram 0.71); r = 0.986]. The results indicate that obese Zucker rats have lower maintenance requirements than their lean littermates and that maintenance requirements are as closely related to body weight as to metabolic body size or type-specific exponent for each body type. PMID- 7131091 TI - The effect of dietary cysteine level on cysteine metabolism in rats. AB - Male, Sprague-Dawley rats were fed L-amino acid diets that contained 0.4% L methionine and either 0, 0.2% (control), or 2.6% L-cysteine (free base) for 5 or 20 days. Hepatic cysteine dioxygenase activity in rats fed 2.6% cysteine was 5 and 3-times as great as in pair-fed control rats at 5 and 20 days, respectively. Cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase activity in liver of rats fed 2.6% cysteine for 20 days was about 40% of the pair-fed control level. The activity of cysteine sulfinate aminotransferase and the rate of cysteine desulfhydration were not influenced by dietary cysteine content. Rats that had been fed these diets for 5 days were intubated with 5 g of diet that contained either 0.2% or 2.6% L-[35S] cysteine. The 24-hour urinary excretion of total 35S, 35SO4, and [35S] taurine by rats that had been fed 2.6% cysteine for 5 days and intubated with 0.2% L[35S] cysteine was 1.4-, 1.8-, and 2.4-fold, respectively, that of pair-fed control rats. About 2.1, 1.8, and 9.1 times as much 35S, 35SO4, and [35S] taurine, respectively, were excreted by rats fed 2.6% cysteine for 5 days and intubated with 2.6% L-[35S] cysteine as was excreted by pair-fed control rats. Urinary excretion of these metabolites was not different between rats fed 0 and 0.2% cysteine. These results indicate that the cysteine sulfinate pathway plays a major regulatory role in the metabolism of excess cysteine. PMID- 7131092 TI - Nutritional evaluations of three dietary levels of lactalbumin throughout the lifespan of two generations of Syrian hamsters. AB - Syrian hamsters were fed one of three levels of lactalbumin (10, 20 or 40%) or a commercial diet from 4 weeks of age. The hamsters were mated at 12 weeks of age and parents (Fo generation) and offspring (F1 generation) remained for life on the assigned parental diet. Hamsters were killed to evaluate nutritional status from both generations at 4, 10, 22, 34 and 64 weeks of age. Remaining hamsters were allowed to live out their natural lifespan. Female hamsters generally grew faster with each increment in lactalbumin. Growth was greatest in male hamsters on the 20% lactalbumin diet and greater in the F1 than in the F0 generation. Reproduction was superior in hamsters fed the commerical diet and differed by season in those given purified diets, with the best performance following the autumn matings. Litter size and body weights of offspring at weaning increased from hamsters fed 10% of those fed higher levels. In the F0 generation, the longest female lifespans were observed in the 20 and 40% lactalbumin groups, respectively. The F1 generation females had longer survivals with each increase in lactalbumin. Male survival in both generations increased from the commercial diet to the 40 and 10% lactalbumin levels and was greatest in males fed 20% lactalbumin diet. PMID- 7131094 TI - Comparative effects of inorganic and organic dietary sources of selenium on selenium levels and selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity in blood of young turkeys. AB - The effect of various dietary sources of Se on Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase (SeGSH-Px) activity in plasma and whole blood was studied in turkeys. Day-old poults were fed low Se diets (supplemented with vitamin E) for 15 to 24 days before being fed experimental diets for 7 to 10 days. Menhaden fish meal (0.1 ppm Se) increased plasma SeGSH-Px activity by 45% of the response to 0.1 ppm Se as Na2SeO3. Poults supplemented with 0, 0.1, 0.2, or 0.4 ppm Se as Na2SeO3, had similar increases in plasma and whole blood Se levels; however, SeGSH-Px activity of plasma (r = 0.96) was better correlated with dietary Se than that of whole blood (r = 0.64). The supplement of 0.4 ppm Se increased the activity of SeGSH-PX almost 20 times in plasma but only 1.6 times in whole blood. The effectiveness of several compounds providing 0.2 ppm Se for increasing plasma SeGSH-Px activity was: Na2SeO4 greater than SE-DL-cystine greater than Se-DL methionine and Se-DL-ethionine. The effect of Na2SeO3 was not significantly different from that of Se-DL-cystine, Se-DL-methionine or Se-DL-ethionine. The ratio of SeGSH-Px activity:Se concentration, indicating the amount of Se associated with enzyme activity, was highest in plasma of poults fed Na2SeO4 and Se-DL-cystine. The data demonstrate differences in the availability of various Se sources for SeGSH-Px activity of poults. PMID- 7131093 TI - Factors affecting endogenous oxalate synthesis and its excretion in feces and urine in rats. AB - It has been observed that the feces as well as urine of rats fed diets supplemented with 3% glycine and 5.2% hydroxyproline contain unexpectedly high amounts of endogenously formed oxalate. That intestinal microorganisms do not synthesize significant amounts of oxalate was indicated by the findings that oral tetracycline had no effect on oxalate excretion and that germ-free rats excreted more oxalate than conventional rats. Since little intraperitoneally injected [14C] oxalate appeared in the feces, and rat intestinal mucosa homogenates were found to produce oxalate from a variety of precursors of which glyoxylic acid was far the most important, it is probable that the intestinal mucosa may be an important source of fecal oxalate observed in these studies. Ninety percent of weanling rats fed complete diets supplemented with glycine and hydroxyproline developed urinary stones in 38 days. It has been concluded that in the treatment of patients with histories of calcium oxalate urolithiasis, more concern than is commonly shown should be directed towards the feeding of diets high in precursors of endogenous oxalate synthesis. PMID- 7131096 TI - Inhibition of L-kynurenine 3-hydroxylase from Saccharomyces carlsbergensis by alpha-keto acid derivatives of branched chain amino acids. AB - L-Kynurenine 3-hydroxylase [EC 1.14.1.2] was partially purified from the mitochondrial outer membrane fraction of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis by Sephadex G-200 gel chromatography, and the effects of leucine and its related compounds on the enzyme were investigate. Alpha-Keto acid derivatives of the the three branched chain amino acids were found inhibitory to the partially purified kynurenine 3-hydroxylase, but branched chain amino acids were without effect. Alpha-Ketoisocaproate (KIC), a keto acid analogue of L-leucine, inhibited kynurenine 3-hydroxylase noncompetitively with apparent Ki values of 4.2 and 8.3 mM for kynurenine and NADPH respectively. Alpha-Ketoglutarate and pyruvate were mixed-type inhibitors of the enzyme. KIC production by S. carlsbergensis grown in medium containing no leucine was negligible, while that in leucine incorporated into cells. From the results, it was proposed that KIC produced from leucine lowered synthesis of NAD from tryptophan by inhibiting L-kynurenine 3 hydroxylase, a possible rate-limiting enzyme in the tryptophan-NAD pathway in Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. PMID- 7131095 TI - Placental transport of retinol in sheep. AB - Six ewes in the last trimester of pregnancy were maintained on adequate intakes of vitamin A. Indwelling catheters were implanted surgically in fetal jugular veins and carotid arteries. Three ewes and three fatal lambs received intravenous [15-3H] retinol 19 days prior to parturition, followed by sequential sampling of maternal and fetal blood. Fetal plasma retinol was found to be complexed with retinol-binding protein and another protein other than prealbumin, with a total molecular weight of 30,000 to 35,000. Transfer of labeled retinol from ewe to fetus peaked at 24 hours after maternal injection. Calculation of plasma retinol transport rate from the areas under the radioactivity-time curves showed that transport in the fetus averaged 5% of that in the ewe. Approximately 250 microgram of retinol was transferred daily from ewes to fetal lambs and 50 microgram/day carried back to mothers. The study suggested that the carrier system of retinol in blood may not be the same in the fetal lamb as in adults, and demonstrated that retinol transfer is appreciable from fetus to ewe. PMID- 7131097 TI - Effect of branched chain alpha-keto acids on kynurenine 3-hydroxylase from rat liver. AB - In the preceding paper, we found that branched chain alpha-keto acids, alpha ketoglutarate and pyruvate were inhibitory to kynurenine 3-hydroxylase [EC 1.14.1.2] from Saccharomyces (Shin, M. et al. (1982): J. Nutr. Sci. vitaminol., 28, 191-201). As kynurenine 3-hydroxylase is reported to be a rate-limiting enzyme in the tryptophan-NAD pathway in rats, branched chain amino acids, branched chain alpha-keto acids and several other keto acids were tested for their effects on kynurenine 3-hydroxylase activity in the mitochondrial outer membrane fraction prepared from rat liver. In contrast with the yeast enzyme, the rat liver enzyme was resistant to alpha-keto acid-inhibition and more than 70% of the enzyme activity was maintained even in the presence of 20 mM of each alpha keto acid. The present result implies that the mechanism of the hepatic NAD lowering effect of leucine in rats might be completely different from that operative in Saccharomyces. PMID- 7131098 TI - Lysosomal changes in fatty liver induced in rats by high protein pyridoxine deficient diet. AB - The effect of high-protein pyridoxine-deficient diet on the localization of lysosomes and acid phosphatase activity in the rat liver was studied using light and electron microscopy. Numerous lysosomes containing lipid droplets appeared to arise directly from GERI (Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes) near bile canaliculi and thereafter large crystal clefts were frequently found in these lysosomes. The increase appearance of lysosomes in hepatocytes was compatible with increased lipid droplets and represented an indication of breakdown of stored lipids. Acid phosphatase activity was localized almost exclusively in lysosomes with or without lipid droplets. We postulated that one of the causes of accumulation of lipid in hepatocytes, including that of triglyceride and cholesteryl ester, might be associated with a relative deficiency of intralysosomal digestion in these conditions. PMID- 7131099 TI - Effects of treatment with thiamin antagonists, oxythiamin and pyrithiamin and of thiamin excess of the levels and distribution of thiamin in rat tissues. AB - Levels of thiamin and its derivatives in brain, heart and liver were determined in control, thiamin-deficient, pyrithiamin-treated and oxythiamin-treated rats at various times after the start of treatment. With 10 micrograms of thiamin/100 g/day subcutaneously, rats rapidly lost thiamin from the tissues until growth maintenance levels were reached. Oxythiamin had a minimal further effect on tissue thiamin while pyrithiamin caused further marked reduction. With higher levels of thiamin intake, tissue thiamin levels increased with intakes of up to 150-200 micrograms/100 g/day after which they did not show any further significant increase. Levels of pyrithiamin above 50 microgram/100 g/day for 20 days had only minimal further effect upon tissue thiamin levels over that with 50 micrograms. PMID- 7131100 TI - Effect of body lipid mass on red blood cell-and plasma-tocopherol levels. AB - A study on the relation of plasma- and RBC-tocopherol to plasma lipids and adiposity led to the following findings. Plasma tocopherol increased in parallel with increased plasma total lipid and beta-lipoprotein levels, while RBC tocopherol levels had little correlation with those of plasma lipids or beta lipoproteins. The RBC-to-plasma tocopherol ratio decreased with increased plasma lipids and beta-lipoproteins. Though the relations of HDL-cholesterol, total lipids and beta-lipoproteins to RBC tocopherol levels resembled each other, those of HDL-cholesterol to plasma tocopherol levels and RBC-to-plasma tocopherol ratios differed greatly from the relationship in total lipids and beta lipoproteins, especially the RBC-to-plasma ratios which had no definite pattern. Plasma tocopherol was unrelated to obesity grade, while the RBC tocopherol and RBC-to-plasma ratios decreased with increased obesity. PMID- 7131101 TI - The lethal protein from Kintoki beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) identified as a lectin. AB - A glycoprotein isolated from Kintoki beans (Phaseolus vulgaris cultivar Kintoki) agglutinated human erythrocytes of all types and erythrocytes of rat, rabbit, sheep, and mouse. The lectin activity was not affected by 1 hr heating at 60 degrees C, but decreased slightly on heating for the same period at 70-80 degrees C and markedly at 90-100 degrees C. The activity was inhibited by galactose, lactose, N-acetyl galactosamine and fetuin. The inhibition was, however, weak, as often found for nonspecific lectins. The activity did not change when tyrosine residues or small parts of amino groups were modified, but decreased considerably when histidine residues or carboxyl groups were modified. This lectin was found to be relatively resistant to trypsin, and, particularly, to pepsin. All mice died within 48 hr when 200 microgram lectin per gram body weight was injected intraperitoneally and 14 microgram intravenously. The toxic activity changed in parallel with the lectin activity upon various treatments of the glycoprotein. In addition, blood analyses of injected mice suggested that the toxicity might be developed by the action of the lectin on blood cells. PMID- 7131103 TI - Effect of intestinal flora on the metabolism of amino acids and proteins in mouse. PMID- 7131104 TI - Predictable confusion. PMID- 7131102 TI - Influence to timing of sucrose meal feeding and physical activity on plasma triacylglycerol levels in rat. AB - The present study was undertaken to determine whether the timing of sucrose meal feeding relative to periods of physical activity affects plasma triacylglycerol (TG) levels in rats. Animals were daily meal-fed on a basal diet and a 35% sucrose diet for 10 weeks. Meal times were at 08.00-09.00 hr and 21.00-22.00 hr. Voluntary running in wheels was allowed between 22.00-08.00 hr, but was restricted from 08.00 to 22.00 hr. The sucrose diet was given at the morning meal time to one group (M-S eaters) and at the evening meal time to another group (E-S eaters). The timing of the sucrose meal did not have any influence on consumption of either of the two diets, physical activity, weight gain, or the weight of several organs and tissues. Plasma TG, however, was significantly higher in the M S eaters than in the E-S eaters. Lipoprotein lipase activity of several tissues was not affected by the timing of the sucrose meal. The Triton-induced increase in fasting plasma TG was significantly higher after the sucrose meal than after the basal meal regardless of the timing of the sucrose diet. The TG accumulation rate during the physically inactive period was significantly greater in the M-S eaters than in the E-S eaters, while during the physically active period it was equal in both groups. These results suggest that the effect of sucrose feeding on plasma TG may be conditioned by the timing of sucrose feeding and rats' physical activity. PMID- 7131105 TI - Personality characteristics of successful bomb disposal experts. PMID- 7131106 TI - Urine monitoring of textile workers exposed to dichlorobenzidine-derived pigments. AB - Urine samples from 36 workers exposed to dichlorobenzidine (DCB)-derived pigments and 12 controls were screened for aromatic amines by a nonspecific colorimetric method and then further analyzed by GC/MS specifically for DCB and monoacetyldichlorobenzidine. Of the samples screened for aromatic amines, six (17%) of the exposed population and one (7%) of the control population registered positive (1.0 part per billion [ppb] or greater). One of the positive samples (5.6 ppb) reflected medication, and the remainder (1.1 to 1.8 ppb) were due to high urinary background. The specific analyses were negative (less than 0.2 ppb) for DCB or monoacetyldichlorobenzidine in all samples. PMID- 7131107 TI - Control of manual lifting hazards: II. Job redesign. AB - Job content and workplace components can be altered to assure that lifting stresses remain within the acceptable limits defined for the industrial population-at-large. The plan for redesign advocates (1) maintaining the weight handled within the recommended limits; (2) modifying the workplace to enhance postural stability and to avoid handling weights and excessive physical loading; and (3) increasing available job time by reducing frequency of lifts and/or introducing appropriate rest periods. Limits recommended by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health on acceptable loads are reviewed. PMID- 7131109 TI - Physiologic effects of respirator dead space and resistance loading. AB - Air-purifying respirators impose several loads on breathing. The effects of inspiratory flow resistance, respiratory dead space such as that of a full-face mask, and moderate exercise and maximal exercise were assessed alone and in combination in nine normal volunteers. There were significant effects on respiratory timing variables (e.g., inspiratory time, inspiratory: expiratory time ratio), peak mouth pressure and peak inspiratory flow rate. Only minimal effects on heart rate were noted. These results suggest that prospective workers who must utilize respirators should be observed during exercise as well as at rest and that a respirator dead space and inspiratory resistance should not produce a significant heart rate change but should lead to adaptation of the inspiratory: expiratory time ratio. Workers who show atypical responses should be assessed particularly carefully. PMID- 7131108 TI - Missing records in occupational disease epidemiology. PMID- 7131110 TI - Role of exercise testing in assessing functional respiratory impairment due to asbestos exposure. AB - To evaluate the complaint of exertional dyspnea in asbestos-exposed shipyard workers, pulmonary function tests were performed at rest and during exercise on 90 subjects with pleural plaques. We divided the subjects into four groups based on resting pulmonary function studies. Group I subjects (eight) had a restrictive defect; group II subjects (30) had an obstructive defect; group III subjects (six) had an isolated reduction in diffusing capacity; and group IV subjects (46) had a normal study. Subjects with a restrictive defect demonstrated minor physiologic abnormalities during exercise. Subjects with an obstructive defect demonstrated abnormalities consistent with their obstructive defect. Subjects in groups III and IV demonstrated an abnormally elevated wasted ventilation fraction, which may be an early indicator of interstitial disease due to asbestos exposure. We believe exercise testing was a useful tool in excluding the presence of significant functional exercise limitation due to asbestos exposure in the majority of subjects and also in disclosing some physiologic abnormalities in some of the subjects in our study. PMID- 7131111 TI - Respiratory morbidity among processing and mill workers. A cross-sectional survey in three tire-manufacturing plants. AB - Three hundred seventy workers in three tire-manufacturing plants were studied to determine the presence of respiratory morbidity among workers with relatively low current exposure to respirable dust (range, 0.04 to 0.70 mg/m3). Workers in the processing, milling, and less dusty areas of the plants were divided into three groups on the basis of their current and past exposure to respirable dust. Significantly more eye irritation (p less than .01) was found among workers in the milling areas. Workers in the milling areas who were current cigarette smokers had significantly (p less than .05) more chronic bronchitis and loose or productive objective cough than all other current cigarette smokers. The mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), when corrected for age and height, decreased significantly (p less than .01) with increasing duration of cigarette smoking. The mean FEV1 and the forced vital capacity (FVC), when corrected for age, height and cigarette smoking, were the lowest in the group with the lowest dust exposure and highest in the group with moderate dust exposure (the milling areas). The measurement of the difference in flow at 50% of FVC on air and on a helium-oxygen mixture is a sensitive test for small-airway obstruction in the laboratory. In the field, however, the helium-oxygen flow difference did not vary with duration of cigarette smoking as expected, and there was no significant variation by exposure category. PMID- 7131112 TI - The role of the occupational medical department in health care cost containment. PMID- 7131113 TI - Chromatic adaptation and flicker-frequency effects on primate R-G-cone difference signal. PMID- 7131114 TI - Identification of the R-G-cone difference signal in the corneal electroretinogram of the primate. PMID- 7131115 TI - Equating colors for saturation and brightness: the relationship to luminance. AB - With a modified step-by-step brightness-matching procedure, a series of colors, with dominant wavelengths from 400 to 670 nm, was adjusted so that the saturations and brightnesses of the colors appeared equal to those of the reference, which was a mixture of 570-nm and white light. The results show that equally bright and equally saturated colors are not equal in luminance. We also report a saturation function of spectral lights derived by utilizing these equally bright and equally saturated colors. Finally, our equally saturated colors do not plot as a circle in the 1976 CIE u', v' space, which indicates some limitations of this uniform chromaticity diagram. PMID- 7131116 TI - Brightness of equal-luminance lights. AB - The brightness of lights defined by heterochromatic flicker photometry as being of equal luminance was determined by direct comparison with a white standard. Stimuli included mixtures of white and colored lights. Eight different colorimetric purities were tested for each of eleven primaries. Adaptation to a known white was maintained. Resulting brightnesses were expressed in terms of the ratio of the amount of light required for a brightness match to the amount required for a flicker photometric match (B:F). B:F ratios varied with the primary, being largest for red and blue primaries. The variation of B:F ratio with colorimetric purity differed depending on the primary, although for any given dominant wavelength the highest-purity stimulus always had the largest B:F ratio. The data qualitatively exclude a number of simple models of brightness generation. PMID- 7131117 TI - Role of threshold in afterimage visibility. AB - The negative afterimage from grating can be considered equivalent to a renal grating, the contrast of which decreases over time. The interval between the onset of the afterimage and the time at which the effective contrast of the afterimage falls below threshold defines afterimage duration. In a series of experiments with several predictions based on this formulation were confirmed. Square-wave gratings yielded longer afterimage durations than sinusoidal gratings, a difference that is attributable to the difference in threshold between these two types of grating. Also, grating adaptation before afterimage induction was found to abbreviate afterimage duration because of threshold elevation. Finally, it was found that, even after fading to invisibility, an afterimage could interact with a real grafting to influence threshold performance on a forced-choice detection task. PMID- 7131118 TI - Eliminating transient artifacts in stabilized-image contrast thresholds. AB - In the measurements of contrast thresholds for stationary, stabilized images, the choice of the psychophysical procedure may profoundly affect the results by constraining the time course of the stimulus presentation. With some procedures, the subject is unable to ignore transients; as a result, he necessarily responds to onset and offset transients rather than to the intended stimulus. Here we report significant effects of (a) the rapidly of onset and (b) the duration of the stimulus on thresholds for stabilized sinusoidal-grating patterns; these effects occur with both forced-choice and standard yes/no procedures. No value of either parameter (a) or (b) can eliminate such presentation effects when these procedures are used. However, we have devised a new, continuous-presentation procedure that yields results that do not depend on these parameters. Contrast thresholds for stabilized and for unstabilized stimuli measured by this procedure differ by 1 log unit or more, in good agreement with the results obtained by careful use of the method of adjustment. PMID- 7131119 TI - Rocky Mountain spotted fever. A case presentation with discussion of fatal complications. PMID- 7131120 TI - Acute rheumatic fever at Oklahoma Childrens Memorial Hospital 1975-1980. PMID- 7131121 TI - [Study on vestibular function in pupils of primary and secondary schools in Kanagawa prefecture (The fifth report)]. PMID- 7131123 TI - [Heredity of the congenital profound deafness--analysis of 25 pairs of deaf twin]. PMID- 7131122 TI - [Eye movements and pursuit eye movements in normal subjects]. PMID- 7131124 TI - [Mechanical properties of the human vocal fold in vivo--in the case of vocal fold diseases]. PMID- 7131125 TI - [Sensorineural hearing loss in patients with Behcet's disease]. PMID- 7131126 TI - [Defense mechanism of cochlear aqueduct to infection--scanning electron microscopic study]. PMID- 7131127 TI - [Pupillary reactions in Meniere's disease]. PMID- 7131128 TI - [Diagnosis of goiter and thyroid neoplasms]. PMID- 7131129 TI - Phagocytosis of the A band following Z line, and I band loss. Its significance in skeletal muscle breakdown. AB - A band phagocytosis, following Z line and I band loss, is described in polymyositis, in epsilon amino caproic acid induced myopathy and in an experimental myositis of guinea pigs. It is far less prominent in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. This form of necrosis is always associated with lesions in the plasma membrane. It is argued that the ensuing ionic equilibration with the extracellular fluid allows activation of a calcium activated proteinase (CAP) which digests the Z line. Breakdown of the myofibrils into individual A bands promotes rapid phagocytosis of the myofibre contents and facilitates regeneration of the muscle. PMID- 7131131 TI - Toxicity of the immune suppressant cyclosporin A in the rat. PMID- 7131130 TI - Morpho-functional patterns of kidney injury in the experimental leptospirosis of the guinea-pig (L. icterohaemorrhagiae). AB - Thirty-seven guinea-pigs experimentally infected with a virulent strain of L. icterohaemorrhagiae, were submitted to a renal function study as evaluated through the maximal urinary concentration (MUC) test, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and afterwards had their kidneys examined by light and electron microscopy. Vascular changes were also studied after the administration of colloidal carbon as a marker. Through the MUC test and BUN determination, two groups of tubulo interstitial lesions can be visualised, one in animals without renal sufficiency, manifested chiefly by cell edema with RE dilation and another, in animals with renal insufficiency, characterised not only by marked cell edema and mitochondrial changes, but also by proximal tubule regenerative aspects without overt tubular necrosis. Interstitial edema and focal nephritis was prominent in both groups, a finding which minimises their role in the pathogenesis of renal failure in experimental leptospirosis. Vascular injury, affecting the vessels of the renal microcirculation chiefly at the cortico-medular junction, was observed in both groups. Its severity and extension ran parallel to the intensity of the tubular injury. This suggests a simultaneous action of a noxious agent liberated by the leptospires over both structures, tubular damage being accentuated by the local circulatory changes. PMID- 7131133 TI - Proctitis cystica profunda and radiation fibrosis in the rectum of the female Wistar rat after X irradiation: a histopathological study. AB - Part of the rectum of the female Wistar rat was X-irradiated (1500 rad-3000 rad) without surgery. In the early phase (second week after irradiation) radiation damage of the rectum was haemorrhagic radiation proctitis and in the late phase a rectal obstruction. The dose-effect relationship using rectal obstruction as the end point is a sigmoid curve with a LD50 of 2150 rad. Latency time decreases with increasing dose and is 150 days at the LD50. Histopathologic findings revealed excessive submucosal radiation fibrosis and numerous mucosal glands and cysts within the fibrotic submucosa. As the time after irradiation increased the extension of submucosal mucinous glands increased and sometimes the entire submucosa was replaced completely by mucosal glands and cysts. It is suggested that invasion of mucosal epithelium into the submucosa was allowed by manifold fragmentation of the muscularis mucosae due to lymphocysts having developed immediately after irradiation. The small arteries showed proliferation of the endothelium and adventitia, thickening and hyalinization of the wall, resulting in severe narrowing and even occlusion of the lumen. PMID- 7131132 TI - Necrosis of the pars recta (S3 segment) of the rat kidney produced by hexachloro 1:3 butadiene. AB - Administration of hexachloro 1:3 butadiene (HCBD) intraperitoneally at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight caused necrosis of the parts recta of the proximal tubules situated in the outer stripe of the outer medulla of the rat kidney. The earliest morphological changes detectable by light microscopy were observed after eight hours, with several proximal tubules showing necrosis. By sixteen hours a distinct band of tubular necrosis was seen in the outer stripe of the outer medulla. One and two days after dosing proximal tubular necrosis was still evident whereas distal tubules were unaffected. By three days, vacuolation was observed in the pars convoluta of some proximal tubules. Active tubular regeneration was apparent by day five, which was accompanied by a marked increase in renal water and nonprotein sulphydryl content (NP-SH). By day fourteen substantial recovery had occurred. Ultrastructural changes were seen as early as one hour after HCBD (300 mg/kg, ip) although necrosis was not marked until 8 hr. Mitochondrial swelling was seen 1-4 hr after dosing in the S1 and S2 segments of the proximal tubule. By 8 hr the major pathological changes were largely confined to the S2 segment and consisted of loss of brush border, mitochondrial swelling and cellular necrosis. In conclusion HCBD produces a site-specific nephrotoxic effect on the proximal tubule in the rat. The pattern of injury was similar to that associated with some other nephrotoxic and ischaemic models of acute renal failure. PMID- 7131134 TI - Structure of the glomic arteries. AB - The structure of the arteries which supply blood tp the carotid bodies was examined in five cases in which the weights of the cardiac ventricles were normal and in which hypoxaemia due to emphysema or systemic hypertension were absent. The right glomic arteries were studied by light microscopy, and the left by electron microscopy. A sixth case, also free from myocardial hypertrophy, was used solely for an examination of the common carotid artery, the carotid sinus and the internal carotid artery by light and electron microscopy. The glomic arteries resembled the carotid sinus in being highly elastic with a rich supply of non-myelinated nerve fibres and thus had a structure consistent with having a baroreceptor function. PMID- 7131135 TI - Tracheopathia osteoplastica: a study of the minimal lesion. AB - We describe the pathological findings in a case of tracheopathia osteoplastica (TPO) of minimal extent. Although described clinically such minimal lesions have not been previously studied pathologically. Our observations lend strong support to the view-point that the nodules of TPO develop as ecchondroses of the tracheal cartilage rings. It is anticipated that TPO of minimal extent will be increasingly identified clinically and diagnosed on biopsy specimens. PMID- 7131136 TI - Ultrasound imaging in the diagnosis of muscle disease. AB - A comparative study has been done of the static B-scan ultrasound appearance of the quadriceps muscle of the thigh in 60 new patients attending our muscle clinic and in 60 control children. In the control subjects there was good visualization of bone and fascia, which stood out clearly against the background of echo-free muscle tissue. Striking change was found in children with neuromuscular disease. Muscular dystrophies were associated with an increase in the intensity of echo reflected from the muscle substance, with corresponding loss of bone echo. Spinal muscular atrophies and neuropathies also showed an increase in muscle echo along with atrophy of the muscle and increase in depth of subcutaneous tissue. Various congenital myopathies also showed changes. Infants with hypotonia from nonneuromuscular causes had normal scans. Severity of change on the scan did not relate to functional disability, and some children had good function yet strikingly abnormal scans. Three degree of change on the scan correlated with the degree of disruption of muscle architecture on biopsy. Ultrasound imaging has proved to be a useful, noninvasive screening tool in the investigation of children with neuromuscular disease. PMID- 7131137 TI - Isolated proteinuria: analysis of a school-age population. AB - Proteinuria was found in at least one of four specimens in 10.7% and in at least two of four specimens in 2.5% of 8,594 schoolchildren, ages 8 to 15 years. To determine the risk of renal disease in isolated proteinuria, the screening program was followed by a systematic clinical evaluation of the proteinuric children. After those with both proteinuria and hematuria were excluded, none of the remaining children was found to have an overt renal disease. Despite urinary protein concentrations in excess of 1,000 mg/dl and protein excretion rates of up to 1 gm in 24 hours, proteinuria proved to be transient or intermittent in every child when a large enough number of urine samples was tested. Children with the highest protein excretion rates (more than 6 mg/hour/m2 at night or more than 20 mg/hour/m2 during the day) and those with the most persistent patterns of proteinuria underwent renal function studies, intravenous pyelography, and renal biopsy. No significant abnormalities was found. Mild nonspecific changes were seen in 12 of 28 biopsies, with mesangial deposits in four. The results show that if hematuria and other signs have been excluded, a benign renal morphologic picture is almost invariably to be expected in intermittent proteinuria; renal biopsy, therefore, is not indicated. PMID- 7131139 TI - Idiopathic membranous nephropathy in children. AB - To determine the prognosis in children with membranous nephropathy, we reviewed the clinicopathologic features and outcome of 22 patients, 11 male and 11 female, age 11 months to 19.9 years (mean 12.0 years). Patients had biopsies within six months of onset of symptoms and were divided into two groups according to the biopsy findings: group 1 (Stages I and II) and group 2 (Stages III and IV). Follow-up time was identical in both groups (mean 4.8 years). The nephrotic syndrome was present in 13 of 16 patients in group 1 and in all six patients in group 2. In group 1, eight of the 16 patients had repeat biopsies one to 11 years (mean three years) after onset. Of these, two progressed to Stages III and IV, whereas progression to renal insufficiency occurred in only one. In group 2, two of the six patients had repeat biopsies two years after onset and remained in the same group; progression to renal insufficiency occurred in five of the six patients. The difference in progression to renal insufficiency between the two groups is significant (P = 0.001). The stage of glomerular lesion at the time of onset seems to be a factor in predicting the prognosis of membranous nephropathy in pediatric patients. PMID- 7131138 TI - Natural history of primary distal renal tubular acidosis treated since infancy. AB - Clinical and pathophysiologic studies were performed in five unrelated children with primary distal renal tubular acidosis who were diagnosed during infancy and followed for 3 to 9 1/2 years. All patients had permanent defects in hydrogen ion secretion, sodium reabsorption, and concentrating capacity. A transient, age related, proximal tubular defect in sodium and bicarbonate reabsorption was also present. Renal bicarbonate wasting was mainly observed during the first years of life and progressively decreased with advancing age. Glomerular filtration rate remained within normal limits. Following sustained therapy with sodium and potassium bicarbonate, the patients had optimal growth, arrest of progression of nephrocalcinosis, and lack of other characteristic features of the disease with the exception of polyuria. Dosage of alkali was mainly determined by the magnitude of the renal bicarbonate loss and decreased progressively from a maximum of 3.9 to 10.0 mEq/kg/day during the first year of life to about 3 mEq/kg/day at or beyond 6 years of age. The total dosage of alkali required could be derived by the sum of the urinary excretion of bicarbonate plus 2 mEq/kg/day, which represents mean endogenous acid production. Although calciuria was normal when metabolic acidosis was corrected, patients with higher urinary sodium excretion had higher urinary excretion of calcium and thus were at greater risk of developing nephrocalcinosis if therapy was not carefully controlled. PMID- 7131140 TI - Idiopathic membranous glomerulopathy in Canadian children: a clinicopathologic study. AB - The 1,205 renal biopsies performed at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, were reviewed to identify membranous glomerulopathy. Fourteen patients had a clinicopathologic diagnosis of idiopathic membranous glomerulopathy. Typical thickening of glomerular capillary basement membranes, a spike-and-dome pattern, and subepithelial electron-dense deposits were noted. Strong deposits of IgG and weaker deposits of C3, IgM, and IgA were present in glomeruli. Stages of membranous glomerulopathy on electron microscopy were I in one biopsy, II in nine biopsies, and III in four biopsies. Two additional biopsies from one child initially showed minimal lesion-type disease; later, a third showed membranous glomerulopathy. At presentation 11 patients had nephrotic syndrome, seven had hypertension, and eight had hematuria. Now four are in remission, seven have active disease with normal renal function, and three have renal failure. Patients with hypertension tended to do worse than those without. Age at onset, presence of nephrotic syndrome or hematuria, and administration of steroids or immunosuppressive drugs did not adversely affect outcome. Furthermore, clinical outcome did not correlate with stage of disease. Hence pathologic and most clinical features do not predict long-term prognosis in children with membranous glomerulopathy. PMID- 7131141 TI - Febrile infants: predictors of bacteremia. AB - One hundred and seventy-five infants less than 8 weeks of age, presenting to the pediatric emergency room of the Bronx Municipal Hospital Center with rectal temperature greater than or equal to 38 degrees C (100.4 degrees F), were studied. House officers recorded their impressions of the infants on a number of variables prior to performing a lumbar puncture and obtaining laboratory data. All infants were admitted for parenteral antibiotic therapy pending culture results. Culture-positive bacterial infections occurred in 6.3% (n = 11); the incidence of bacteremia was 3.4% (n = 6). Of special concern were the 134 infants who had no visible source for their fever during the first examination. A major goal was to determine whether there were any early predictors of bacteremia in this group. The individual variables of white blood cell count greater than or equal to 15,000/mm3, band count greater than or equal to 500/mm3, temperature, impression of irritability, tone, cry, and activity level were not related to the presence of bacteremia. An erythrocyte sedimentation rate greater than or equal to 30 and the examiner's impression of sepsis were significantly associated with bacteremia but did not correctly identify all cases. However, the combination of impression of sepsis, white blood count greater than or equal to 15,000/mm3, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate greater than or equal to 30 identified all infants with bacteremia and excluded 82% of the infants who were eventually shown not to have bacteremia. PMID- 7131142 TI - Hemiplegic migraine in childhood: diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. AB - Focal neurologic deficits, particularly hemiplegia, are occasionally observed in the pediatric migrainous population during the headache attack and are often mistaken for other neurologic or neurosurgical conditions. Clues to the correct diagnosis, illustrated by three patients in this report are: (1) rapid spontaneous recovery from the acute neurologic deficit, (2) striking electroencephalographic abnormalities, frequently consisting of focal slow waves during the acute stage, with rapid resolution, (3) significant past history of recurrent episodes, and (4) positive family history of migraine. Review of previously reported cases indicates that cerebral arteriography in the acute stage should be avoided if the clinical syndrome is typical. Preliminary results of prophylactic treatment with propranolol are encouraging; smaller dosage than those previously recommended sometimes can be effective. PMID- 7131144 TI - Loss of bone mineral content in lactating adolescents. PMID- 7131143 TI - Carnitine deficiency presenting as familial cardiomyopathy: a treatable defect in carnitine transport. AB - We studied a boy who presented at age 3 1/2 years with cardiomegaly, a distinctive electrocardiogram, and a history of a brother dying with cardiomyopathy. From age 3 1/2 to 5 years, cardiac disease progressed, resulting in intractable congestive heart failure. Skeletal muscle weakness developed and a muscle biopsy showed lipid myopathy. Muscle and plasma carnitine were reduced to 2 and 10% of the normal mean values, respectively. Therapy with L-carnitine (174 mg/kg/da) was begun at age 5 1/2 years and continued to the present (age 6 1/2 years). The cardiac disease has resolved and the muscle strength has returned to normal. Plasma carnitine concentrations have risen to the low-normal range, while urinary carnitine excretion has increased to values which are 30 times normal. The renal clearance of carnitine exceeds normal at all plasma concentrations and plasma carnitine values do not change acutely after an oral carnitine load. These results suggest that there is a distinct form of carnitine deficiency which presents as cardiomyopathy and may be successfully treated with L-carnitine. A defect in renal and possibly gastrointestinal transport of carnitine is a likely cause of this patient's disorder. PMID- 7131145 TI - Incidence of diaper rash when using cloth and disposable diapers. PMID- 7131146 TI - Eruptive vellus hair cysts: a benign condition. PMID- 7131147 TI - Effect of diarrhea on serum zinc concentrations in infants and children. PMID- 7131148 TI - Hereditary transcobalamin II deficiency presenting as red cell hypoplasia. PMID- 7131149 TI - Blount disease (tibia vara): another skeletal disorder associated with childhood obesity. PMID- 7131150 TI - Chronic meningitis, polyarthritis, lymphadenitis, and pulmonary hemosiderosis. PMID- 7131151 TI - Partial splenic embolization in the management of hypersplenism secondary to Gaucher disease. PMID- 7131152 TI - Selective embolization of a stenotic intrarenal artery for control of hypertension. PMID- 7131153 TI - Physiologic changes associated with ligation of the ductus arteriosus in preterm infants. AB - Cardiorespiratory and transcutaneous oxygen monitors were used on 13 preterm neonates to examine physiologic changes during ductus arteriosus ligation. Transcutaneous oxygen decreased 30 seconds after left lung deflation; all infants required increases in inspired oxygen and ventilation to correct abnormal values after the left lung was compressed. Transcutaneous oxygen decreased 30 seconds after ductus arteriosus ligation (mean delta tcPO2 = -17 mm Hg +/- 11.4) but increased 150 seconds after left lung inflation (mean delta tcPO2 = 46.9 mm Hg +/ 28.8). Arterial blood pressure increased (mean delta systolic BP = 17.9 mm Hg +/ 9.5) and heart rate decreased 10 seconds after ductus arteriosus ligation. In five neonates, gradual closure of the ductus arteriosus over 40 to 75 seconds resulted in a more gradual increase in blood pressure. Intraventricular hemorrhage was confirmed in two patients after surgery. Ligation of the ductus arteriosus results in an abrupt increase in blood pressure, which may be related to the pathogenesis of intraventricular hemorrhage. We suggest that the ductus arteriosus be closed gradually to allow a more gradual increase in blood pressure. PMID- 7131156 TI - Whole blood platelet volumes in newborn infants. PMID- 7131155 TI - Continuing education in the community hospital and reduction in the incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage in the transported preterm infant. PMID- 7131154 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of Krabbe disease: galactosylceramide metabolism in cultured amniotic fluid cells. PMID- 7131157 TI - Hematologic abnormalities in adolescents who take oral contraceptive pills. PMID- 7131158 TI - Serum ferritin as a measure of iron stores in adolescents. PMID- 7131160 TI - Adverse behavioral reactions in children treated with carbamazepine (Tegretol). PMID- 7131159 TI - Metabolism and renal elimination of furosemide in the newborn infant. PMID- 7131161 TI - Hydrochlorothiazide disposition in a mother and her breast-fed infant. PMID- 7131162 TI - Applied pharmacokinetics in acute exacerbations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7131163 TI - Mesangial cellularity in steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 7131164 TI - Neonatal herpes simplex virus infections. PMID- 7131165 TI - Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors in normal breast-fed infants. PMID- 7131166 TI - Pathophysiology of constipation. PMID- 7131167 TI - The developmental field concept in clinical genetics. AB - Fields are those parts of the embryo in which the processes of development of complex structure appropriate to those parts are controlled and coordinated in a spatially ordered, temporally synchronized, and epimorphically hierarchical manner. Disturbances of field development may be corrected or may lead to anomalies of abnormal or incomplete differentiation. Powerful evidence for the existence of developmental fields comes from the observation of identical malformations resulting from two or more different causes; this identifies groups of embryonic structures that respond as a single developmental unit. Early action of a dysmorphogenetic cause in a field may lead to an extensive defect (e.g., cyclopic holoprosencephaly), later action to a lesser defect (e.g., single upper central incisor as mildest expression of autosomal-dominant holoprosencephaly). Disturbances of "long-distance" inductive relationships between primordia may simulate the presence of a malformation syndrome (e.g., renal and limb anomalies as disturbance of the acrorenal developmental field). The biology of developmental fields is complex but accessible through knowledge of comparative anatomy and embryology, phylogeny, experimental embryology, developmental genetics, and teratology. It challenges the clinician to a deeper understanding of development in order to give better care to the malformed and their families. PMID- 7131168 TI - Detection of human teratogenic agents. AB - Criteria for definition of a human teratogen are similar to Koch's postulates and include (1) presence of the agent during the critical period of development, (2) production of congenital defects by the agent in an experimental animal, and (3) evidence that the agent acts directly on the embryo or fetus. Examples of how teratogens have been identified through specific syndrome identification and by application of experimental animal information are given. Hyperthermia, an example of the latter, is discussed in some detail. Certain bias factors that confound epidemiologic studies are discussed. A system for detection an prevention of human teratogenicity is proposed. The system is based on the integration of three data bases: (1) the exposed parent-child pair, (2) the chemical and biologic effects of the agent, and (3) identification of specific exposure syndromes. PMID- 7131169 TI - Fetal hydantoin syndrome: current status. PMID- 7131170 TI - Fetal alcohol syndrome: a new primate model for binge drinking and its relevance to human ethanol teratogenesis. AB - Ethanol was administered nasogastrically to four gravid pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) weekly from 40 days after conception to term. Three animals received 2.5 gm/kg and one received 4.1 gm/kg per dose. One animal aborted after the first dose of 2.5 gm/kg ethanol. Serum ethanol and acetaldehyde were measured after each dose in the other three animals, who carried to term. After delivery the infants were assessed for growth, dysmorphic features, and neurologic and psychological development over six months and were compared with 10 age- and sex matched controls. Complete autopsies with neuropathologic examinations were performed. The animal exposed to the high dose had neurologic, developmental, and facial anomalies similar to those seen in human fetal alcohol syndrome. One of the animals exposed to the more moderate dosage was similarly but less severely affected. The study demonstrates that a model for binge drinking and fetal alcohol syndrome can be developed in a primate. The model should be useful in exploring the mechanisms of teratogenesis and in determining the median effective dose for the production of the various anomalies seen in fetal alcohol syndrome. PMID- 7131172 TI - Vascular pathogenesis of limb defects. I. Radial artery anatomy in radial aplasia. AB - Twelve human fetuses with radial aplasia were dissected to evaluate the vasculature of the arm. Three types of vascular patterns were found. In type I there was a single midline superficial vessel with no radial or ulnar artery. This pattern occurred in four perfused twins (acardia) with twins reversed arterial perfusion sequence, one fetus with clinical trisomy 18, and one with an unknown disorder with multiple field defects. In type II there was absence of the radial artery with or without persistence of the embryonic median artery; the other vessels were normal. This pattern was seen in three fetuses with unknown disorders associated with multiple malformations. In type III the radial artery was present but had an abnormal course. This pattern was found in three fetuses with thrombocytopenia-absent radius syndrome. From these dissections and the results of animal experiments on the embryology of the vasculature, the following conclusions can be drawn. Vasculogenesis precedes differentiation of mesenchyme into muscle and bone. The embryonic capillary net determines the adult vascular anatomy of the limb. Failure to form, malformations, or disruption of the capillary net results in anomalies of the adult vasculature and may lead to musculoskeletal defects. Failure to chondrogenesis does not disturb the capillary net, and normal arteries will develop. Absence of the radial artery found in association with radial aplasia implies that there was abnormal vasculogenesis or disruption of developing vessels, or both. Either can lead to this congenital musculoskeletal defect. PMID- 7131171 TI - Determinants in the morphogenesis of muscle tendon insertions. AB - The factors that normally determine the location and insertion of a muscle were explored in human experiments of nature with early problems in morphogenesis. Monozygotic conjoined twins for whom there could be no genetic determinants for muscle attachments at the sites of juncture served as one model; these attachments had to follow general principles of morphogenesis. A second type of problem involved absence of bone that presumably antedated muscle and tendon development (e.g., genetically determined radial aplasia). A third category included mechanical alteration of early limb position that may have occurred prior to the development of muscle attachments (e.g., early amnion rupture sequence). The dissection findings from all three types imply a general hierachy of muscle tendon attachments. Tendons appear to attach preferentially to bone. In the absence of the bone to which they would normally attach, they will attach to the next closest bone. If no such bone is available, tendons may attach to other tendons; and if no tendons is available, occasionally they will attach to the fascia of another muscle. If there is no connective tissue attachment site, there will be no muscle, implying a need for function in the development and preservation of muscle. PMID- 7131173 TI - Vascular pathogenesis of transverse limb reduction defects. AB - Evaluation of four patients with unilateral transverse limb reduction defects indicates that some instances of this structural defect may be the result of an in utero vascular accident. Three of the four patients had microscopic evidence of fetal vascular occlusive disease on multiple sections of the placenta, suggesting that occlusion of the brachial artery was secondary to embolization from the placental vascular thrombi. The fourth, a 116 mm crown-rump long fetus, had a massive thrombus occluding the brachial artery, which was felt secondary to hypovolemia and hypoperfusion associated with fetal blood loss during placental abruption. Recognition of the disruptive vascular pathogenesis of some cases of unilateral transverse limb reduction defects explains their negligible recurrence risk. In such cases attention should be focused on careful gross and, microscopic evaluation of the placenta. PMID- 7131174 TI - Tension: the basis of umbilical cord growth. PMID- 7131175 TI - Possible mesodermal origin for axial dysraphic disorders. AB - We report four patients who provide clinical evidence supporting the hypothesis that axial dysraphic states may result from a primary disturbance in the chordoaxial mesoderm. One infant had complete craniorachischisis, an omphalocele, and ambiguous genitalia. A second infant had anencephaly and an omphalocele. The third had iniencephaly. The fourth had cervical vertebral fusion defects, an occipital menigocele, and a laterality malformation sequence. Alteration in the development of structures derived from the chordoaxial mesoderm could explain all of the structure defects observed in the four patients. This hypothesis accounts for the nature of the defects seen in association with dysraphic disorders and for the genetic relationship observed between neural tube defects and vertebral anomalies. PMID- 7131177 TI - Children of incest. AB - Twenty-nine children of brother-sister or father-daughter matings were studied. Twenty-one were ascertained because of the history of incest, eight because of signs or symptoms in the child. In the first group of 21 children, 12 had abnormalities, which were severe in nine (43%). In one of these the disorder was autosomal recessive. All eight of the group referred with signs or symptoms had abnormalities, three from recessive disorders. The high empiric risk for severe problems in the children of such close consanguineous matings should be borne in mind, as most of these infants are relinquished for adoption. PMID- 7131176 TI - Origin of scalp vertex aplasia cutis. PMID- 7131178 TI - The Robin sequence as a consequence of malformation, dysplasia, and neuromuscular syndromes. AB - The Robin sequence is a pathogenetically and etiologically heterogeneous conditions that can be an isolated defect or one feature of many different syndromes. The association of this pattern of malformation with neuromuscular conditions has been alluded to in the literature but not well documented. We report a family with a distinct neuromuscular condition that includes the Robin sequence and discuss the human syndromes and animal models in which the Robin sequence occurs. PMID- 7131179 TI - An update on the holoprosencephalic disorders. AB - Holoprosencephaly is an etiologically heterogeneous condition. Recently a number of new causes have come to light, several syndromes have been delineated or partially delineated, and a few associations have become apparent. This article updates the nosology of human holoprosencephaly. PMID- 7131181 TI - Immunization of cats against shedding of Toxoplasma oocysts. AB - Development of immunity to the shedding of oocysts was examined in 75 kittens that survived infection with the three stages of Toxoplasma gondii. Of 16 kittens fed bradyzoites in cysts, 94% were immune and did not shed oocysts. Of seven injected with tachyzoites 86% were immune. Of 18 fed sporozoites only 11% were immune, but following injection, 54% of 12 were immune. After the administration of either bradyzoites or tachyzoites from nonoocyst-producing strains, only 9% of 22 were immune. Considering all inocula, immunity was present in 93% of kittens that had previously shed oocysts, 25% of those that only develop antibody, and none that had neither shed nor developed an antibody titer. After a second challenge with a different isolate, a similar percentage of immunity was observed. Infection with killed tachyzoites, alone, or together with Freund's complete or incomplete adjuvants was followed by immunity in only one of 24 kittens. Eighty-five percent of 13 kittens were immune, after they had been treated prophylactically with 200 mg/kg monensin, or 60 mg/kg cat sulfadiazine combined with 1 mg/kg cat of pyrimethamine; oocyst shedding had been suppressed in all. It is concluded that cats can be immunized against oocyst shedding by infections where oocysts are produced, or where developmental stages are suppressed by chemoprophylaxis, but not if enteroepithelial stages are absent, as in the oocyst-less strain examined. PMID- 7131180 TI - Limited joint mobility in diabetes mellitus of childhood: natural history and relationship to growth impairment. AB - We report a prospective study of the recently recognized complication of limited joint mobility in childhood diabetes, summarizing data collected over the seven years after the initial description of this sign. Of 309 patients, ranging in age from 1 to 28 years, 30% had limited joint mobility. No race or sex influence on expression of limited joint mobility was found; its appearance was temporally more influenced by age than by duration of diabetes. Of 142 patients with diabetes onset before puberty and of longer than three years' duration, 74 had limited joint mobility. Disproportionate distribution of height percentiles for age characterized this entire group, but those with limited joint mobility had four times the skewing of those without (74 vs 37% below the twenty-fifth percentile). The presence or absence of thyroid microsome or islet cell antibodies did not relate significantly to limited joint mobility. Diabetes control, assessed subjectively by clinical estimation and objectively by hemoglobin A1 levels, was generally unrelated to the joint findings. For patients with diabetes duration less than five years, there was a significant association between hemoglobin A1 and limited joint mobility, but the variability in values explained by this association was small (11%). PMID- 7131182 TI - Elevated levels of phospholipase B in mice infected and challenged with Plasmodium yoelii. AB - Marked increases in phospholipase B activity were measured in spleen homogenates and sera of CD-1 mice given a primary infection of Plasmodium yoelii. The rise in enzyme activity paralleled parasitemia and splenomegaly, all reaching maximum values 14 days after infection. Maximum enzyme activity and splenomegaly were noted 5 days after challenge in mice given a secondary infection indicating an anamnesticlike response following a subsequent contact with the infecting parasite. These observations represent a new finding of this enzyme activity in a protozoan infection. PMID- 7131183 TI - Interference in the establishment of superinfections with Trypanosoma congolense in cattle. AB - To examine the influence of an established infection on subsequent challenge with another unrelated trypanosome serodeme, cattle were subjected to two challenges, 5 to 6 wk apart, with unrelated isolates of Trypanosoma congolense. The primary infection inhibited the establishment of the second infection despite the initial absence of detectable antibody to the trypanosomes used for the second challenge. This was true whether the second challenge consisted of bloodstream forms of the parasite or metacyclics from infected Glossina m. morsitans. Rechallenge with bloodstream forms resulted in a slight antibody response, which was only detectable by immunofluorescence and was much less than in the challenge controls. Although animals subjected to the second challenge by tsetse flies showed no appreciable increase in parasitemia and, in most instances, no chancre reaction at the site where the tsetse bit, they developed readily detectable neutralizing antibody to the metacyclic trypanosomes. That this interference effect was not the result of specific immunity and required an active infection was confirmed by the finding that when infected animals were treated with Berenil prior to rechallenge, they were fully susceptible to the infection. PMID- 7131184 TI - Comparison of recovery of schistosomula of Schistosoma japonicum from lungs of mice and rats. AB - Various strains of mice and rats were exposed to small doses of Schistosoma japonicum cercariae. At intervals, they were challenged with 200 to 230 cercariae per mouse and 500 to 520 cercariae per rat. Age-matched control animals received only the challenge infection from the same pool of cercariae. Recoveries of schistosomula from experimental and control groups were different on day 3 through day 5, with peak recovery on day 3 or 4 in four strains of mice examined (DBA/2, C57BL/6, C3H/He, and SWM) as well as in Fischer rats, indicating rapid migration of S. japonicum to the lung compared with that of S. mansoni. Significant reductions of recovery of schistosomula from lungs were demonstrated in DBA/2, C3H/He, SWM, and B10.S mice at week 3, but not in BALB/c, CBA, and C57BL/6 mice. Significant reductions were also demonstrated in Donryu, Wistar, Sprague-Dawley and Fischer rats at week 6. The degree of reduction depended on cercarial doses used for the initial exposure. Studies in DBA/2 mice revealed that the degree of reduction intensified biphasically, being greatest at week 5 and at week 12. The lowest recovery was demonstrated at week 6 in Fischer rats, when recovery of schistosomula tentatively increased in DBA/2 mice. A good correlation was found between recovery of schistosomula from lungs and recovery of adults by portal perfusion when DBA/2 and C57BL/6 mice, and Fischer rats were used for comparison. Thus, the present results provide basic information on the lung recovery of schistosomula of S. japonicum in suitable and unsuitable hosts. PMID- 7131185 TI - Stage-specific cross-resistance between Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Strongyloides ratti (Nematoda) in rats. AB - Stage-specificity of cross-resistance between Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Strongyloides ratti was investigated. Results showed that immunization with tissue-migrating larvae was sufficient to generate cross-resistance and that host defense mechanisms operating in the cross-resistance were directed against tissue migrating larvae but not against intestinal adult worms. In addition, no significant potentiation of the cross-resistance was observed after multiple immunization. These observations suggest that host defense mechanisms against heterologous challenge infection were qualitatively and/or quantitatively different from those against homologous challenge infection. PMID- 7131186 TI - Diethylcarbamazine-enhanced activation of complement by intact microfilariae of Dirofilaria immitis and their in vitro products. AB - Microfilariae of Dirofilaria immitis and their products inhibited hemolytic complement in sera from various animal species. Inhibition of hemolytic complement activity, fluorescent antibody detection of specific complement proteins binding to microfilarial surfaces, and immunoelectrophoretic evaluation of complement protein C3 conversion demonstrated that (1) intact microfilariae depleted hemolytic complement activity maximally in the presence of diethylcarbamazine whereas the complement-fixing activity of microfilarial products was little affected by diethylcarbamazine; (2) complement proteins C3, properdin, and C5 bound to the cuticular surface of microfilariae; and (3) C3 was converted to a faster-migrating species during incubation with microfilariae or their products. The complement-depleting activity of in vitro products from viable microfilariae was soluble in 10% trichloroacetic acid, resistant to beta elimination with 0.5 M NaOH, susceptible to treatment with 0.2 M periodate, and composed of 56% neutral sugar, 18% protein, 12% hexosamine, and 10% sulfate. The polysulfated, acidic mucopolysaccharide nature of the surfaces of microfilariae and the results presented here indicate that polyanionic components on worm surfaces or shed by microfilariae react with host complement proteins. This interaction may be enhanced by diethylcarbamazine and contribute to the pathology associated with microfilaremias. PMID- 7131187 TI - The function of microtubules during spermatogenesis of Ancylostoma caninum. AB - Ancylostoma caninum spermatogonia appeared as unspecialized cells with large nuclei and little cytoplasm when examined by electron microscopy. Mitochondria and ribosomes were numerous but endoplasmic reticulum of either the rough or smooth variety was rarely observed. Microtubules were abundant but were mostly concentrated in areas where the cells connected with a central cytoplasmic core, or rachis. Microtubules present elsewhere in the cytoplasm were not associated with any particular organelle. In spermatocytes, microtubules became numerous and formed the spindle apparatus during the rapid meiotic divisions. Following the meiotic divisions the nuclei of the resulting spermatids were devoid of a nuclear envelope, and the chromatin became highly condensed. At this time, the microtubules surrounded the elongating nucleus as it became confined to the tapering, posterior portion of the spermatid. These observations indicate that microtubules are involved in determining this final morphological appearance of Ancylostoma spermatids. However, there is no evidence to indicate the microtubules are assembled into motile organelles to be utilized by the ameboid in utero spermatozoa. PMID- 7131188 TI - Development and fate of the membranous organelles in spermatozoa of Ancylostoma caninum. AB - During development membranous organelles first appeared in the primary spermatocytes of Ancylostoma. They were derived from the Golgi as two separate components. One component, an electron-dense spheroid, quickly fused with other newly-formed cup-shaped, membranous structures to form the asymmetrical organelles. Initially the membranous organelles had a homogeneous matrix but later became filled with quantities to 6- 8-nm filaments. Following the meiotic reduction divisions each cell assumed a bipolar configuration. The membranous organelles and mitochondria were confined to the broad anterior region while the non-membrane bound nucleus became located in the narrow posterior region. Golgi membranes, endoplasmic reticulum, and numerous ribosomes were sloughed from the main cell body. The filaments lost their association with the membranous organelles and attached to the plasma membrane while the membranous portion of each organelle became progressively more complex and assumed a peripheral position in the cytoplasm. The resulting spermatid, with its condensed, posteriorly-projected nucleus, and broad anterior cytoplasm, had a tadpolelike appearance. Subsequent to deposition in the female uterus the membranous organelles fused with the plasma membrane and the mature spermatozoa became pleomorphic and moved in an ameboid manner. Because the pseudopods in the mature cell originated in those areas where the filaments previously attached to the plasma membrane it is surmised that the filaments consist of, or contain, actin. The significance of the fusion of the membranous organelles with the sperm plasma membrane, however, remains unknown. PMID- 7131189 TI - Inhibitory effects of monensin on shedding of Toxoplasma oocysts by cats. AB - Toxoplasma oocyst shedding by cats was suppressed by 0.02% monensin incorporated in dry cat food. Ten of 12 cats that had not shed oocysts were immune when reinfected with mice chronically infected with Toxoplasma. The medicated food, which was well accepted and tolerated by kittens, could be useful to minimize risks of infection for pregnant women and small children from pet cats defecating in soil close to homes. However, in the presence of stray cats a false sense of security may be engendered. PMID- 7131190 TI - Sporogony of Isospora suis Biester, 1934 of swine. AB - Sporogony of Isospora suis of swine is described. Unsporulated oocysts were collected immediately after defecation, mixed in 2.5% potassium dichromate solution, incubated at various temperatures, examined at different time intervals, and classified as to stage of development. The uninucleate sporont underwent nuclear division and became binucleated, and then divided to form two round, uninucleate sporoblasts. Binucleate sporoblasts elongated to form binucleate sporocysts, each of which then gave rise to four sporozoites. Sporulation was completed within 56 hr at 20 C, 40 hr at 25 C, 16 hr at 30 C, and 12 hr at 37 C. No sporulation occurred at 4, 40, 42, 45, or 50 C. The thermal death point was between 37 and 40 C. PMID- 7131191 TI - Isolation of Toxoplasma from the soil during an outbreak of toxoplasmosis in a rural area in Brazil. AB - During an outbreak of human toxoplasmosis attempts were made to isolate Toxoplasma from soil near Alem Paraiba, Brazil. Five soil samples were collected from the gardens and also from humid shady areas near the houses. After several washings, these soil samples were centrifuged in a glucose solution, and the supernate removed to be centrifuged in water. The sediments obtained from each of the five soil samples were then inoculated orally in groups of mice. Only one soil sample, obtained from a vegetable garden, gave rise to infection in mice. Toxoplasma-like cysts were found in the brains of two mice and also a few mice from all the four subsequent passages. Cyst-positive mice presented antibodies against T. gondii. Two young cats, seronegative by the Sabin-Feldman dye test, subsequently ingested the cyst-positive mouse brain. One cat eliminated Toxoplasma-like oocysts between the 5th and 11th days after the infection and the other cat between the 6th and 16th days. Seroconversion was observed in both cats, 15 days after the inoculation. These results further emphasize sanitary precautions essential to the control of Toxoplasma. PMID- 7131192 TI - Effect of cytochalasin-B, low Ca++ concentration, iodoacetic acid, and quinacrine HCl on the attachment of Giardia trophozoites in vitro. AB - Giardia sp. trophozoites were isolated directly from the small intestines of rats and permitted to attach to polystyrene Petri dishes incubated at 37 C. Attached trophozoites were treated in vitro with various agents which inhibit cell motility (cytochalasin-B, low Ca++, colchicine) and metabolism (iodoacetic acid, 2,4-dinitrophenol) and chemotherapeutic agents (quinacrine-HCl, metronidazole). Trophozoite attachment was sensitive to cytochalasin-B, low Ca++, iodoacetate, and quinacrine-HCl. Contractile proteins (actin, myosin) have been demonstrated previously in the periphery of the ventral disc. The effect of cytochalasin-B and low Ca++ concentrations on trophozoite attachment is consistent with the suggested role of contractile proteins in the mechanism of attachment. The effect of iodoacetate suggests that energy for attachment is derived from glycolysis. The effect of quinacrine-HCl on attachment was rapid (less than 10 min with 10.0 micrograms/ml). Its mode of action on attachment is not understood. PMID- 7131193 TI - Experimental transmission by mosquitoes of Plasmodium hermani between domestic turkeys and pen-reared bobwhites. AB - Plasmodium hermani was experimentally transmitted from domestic turkey poults (Meleagris gallopavo) to pen-reared bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) and then from these bobwhites back to domestic turkey poults. Transmission was achieved by Culex nigripalpus both by bites of the mosquito and by intraperitoneal injection of sporozoites. All of the 23 bobwhites and the 13 turkeys exposed to sporozoites became infected. These results indicate that the bobwhite might be a reservoir host for this malaria of wild turkeys in nature. PMID- 7131194 TI - Effect of Triton X-100 on tegument and muscle in Schistosoma mansoni. AB - Short periods of in vitro incubation of Schistosoma mansoni with low concentrations of the nonionic detergent Triton X-100 caused marked changes in the physiological and morphological status of the parasite. Less than 15 min of exposure to 1 mM Triton at 37 C led to irreversible destruction of the tegument, relaxation and depolarization of the muscle, and loss of response to electrical stimulation, to 60 mM K+-HBS, or to 10(-6) M praziquantel. A 5-min incubation in 100 microM Triton X-100 caused no gross structural damage, changes in tegumental or E2 electrical potential, or decrease in response to praziquantel, but markedly inhibited the ability of 60 mM K+-HBS or electrical stimulation to cause muscle contraction. Radioactive calcium influx measurements indicated that a 5-min exposure to 100 microM Triton X-100 may be uncoupling membrane depolarization from development of muscle tension by interfering pharmacologically with calcium channels. Longer incubations (15 min) in the presence of 100 microM Triton X-100 caused transitional physiological changes suggesting that the mode of action of the detergent was passing from a specific, pharmacological mode to a nonspecific disruptive action. PMID- 7131195 TI - Karyological studies of bovine pancreatic flukes (Eurytrema sp.) and their phenotypes. AB - Chromosomes of gonadal tissues from pancreatic flukes of bovines were examined using air-drying techniques. Detailed karyological analyses on somatic cells with 26 chromosomes demonstrated the existence of two different karyotypes in these flukes. In conventional Giemsa preparations, two (Nos. 5 and 7) of 13 pairs of homologs showed a significant variance of morphology between flukes designated Types I and II by size. Additional differences were demonstrated by the C-banding method. The C-banded pattern in Nos. 3 and 8 of each karyotype was different, thereby indicating a different distribution of constitutive heterochromatin on these chromosomes. Among flukes recovered from seven cattle, 76.7% of the flukes were Type I (smaller) and 23.3% were Type II (larger). Obvious phenotypic variance between Types I and II was seen in the taxonomic characteristics such as body size, comparative size of the ventral to the oral sucker, and the egg size. Considering the variance of both types, as based on the statistical data of these characteristics and on comparable published data, at least two species of flukes can be found in the Japanese bovine pancreas. These were Eurytrema coelomaticum for Type I and E. pancreaticum for Type II, respectively. PMID- 7131196 TI - Skin surface lipids of the domestic chicken, and neutral lipid standards as stimuli for the penetration response of Austrobilharzia variglandis cercariae. AB - Lipids were extracted from the skin of 2-wk-old domestic chickens using sterile cotton gauze dampened with chloroform:methanol (2:1). Preparative thin-layer chromatography separated the skin lipids into six major fractions: phospholipids, free sterols, free fatty acids, triglycerides, methyl esters, sterol esters. The penetration response of the marine avian schistosome cercaria, Austrobilharzia variglandis, to chicken skin lipid fractions, and to neutral lipid standards, was tested by coating lipids on agar in a Petri dish containing a seawater overlay. All neutral lipids tested produced significantly greater penetration responses than the chloroform control. The phospholipid skin fraction killed cercariae. Lipid from whole chicken skin produced the greatest penetration response, followed by free fatty acids and free sterol skin fractions. Of the standards tested, the whole neutral lipid standard, containing cholesterol, oleic acid, triolein, methyl oleate, and cholesteryl oleate, produced the greatest response, followed by the cholesterol standard and the oleic acid standard. PMID- 7131199 TI - Effect of medium supplements on tick cells in culture. AB - The growth of tick cells in Leibovitz's L--15 medium supplemented with various concentrations of fetal bovine serum (FBS), tryptose phosphate broth (TPB), and tick egg extract (TEE) was evaluated using a protein assay. A continuous cell line from Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (RA 243) was compared with young lines of cells isolated from embryos of R. appendiculatus (RAE 25) and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (RSE 8). We found fetal bovine serum and tryptose phosphate broth both to be essential supplements. The addition of tick egg extract further stimulated growth. The yield of cellular protein in both young and continuous lines of tick cells increased as a function of the concentration of tryptose phosphate broth from 0 to 10%, and fetal bovine serum from 2.5 to 20%. The growth of the RA 243 line correlated negatively with the size of the inoculum and positively with the concentration of fetal bovine serum, as the greatest increase in cell protein was obtained when cells were seeded at a low density into a medium containing 20% fetal bovine serum. The addition of an extract prepared from eggs of R. sanguineus or Hyalomma excavatum improved yields of cultures and promoted cell growth at low population densities. The protein yield increased as a function of tick egg extract concentration, but 0.8% inhibited growth of the RA 243 line. The RA 243 line could be propagated in a medium supplemented with 10% tryptose phosphate broth, 5% fetal bovine serum, and 0.5% tick egg extract. PMID- 7131198 TI - Quinone inhibition of sex pheromone activity in the ticks Dermacentor andersoni Stiles and Dermacentor variabilis (Say). AB - Disruption of sex pheromone activity in female Rocky Mountain wood ticks, Dermacentor andersoni Stiles, and American dog ticks, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), was achieved by treatment with the quinones para-benzoquinone and menadione. The most effective treatments were those administered by inoculation to unfed, mature, adult females prior to feeding. Inoculation of p-benzoquinone was also effective when administered to feeding ticks, from 2 to 5 days after they had attached, though not to the same extent as when it was given to unfed ticks. Decreases in sex pheromone activity were also observed with D. andersoni females, but not D. variabilis females, allowed to feed on rabbits receiving menadione daily by oral administration. Histochemical studies and electron microscopy revealed loss of neutral lipid secretory droplets in the pheromone glands, but no damage to gland structure, following treatment with p benzoquinone. Elemental analysis revealed more than four times as much chlorine in pheromone glands of p-benzoquinone-treated D. variabilis females than in pheromone glands from control specimens. An extract of partially fed D. variabilis females treated with p-benzoquinone before feeding contained much more 2,6-dichlorophenol than an extract of untreated, partially fed females. Evidently, the quinone affects the neutral lipid component of the female sex pheromone gland, disrupting secretion and release of pheromone to the external body surface. PMID- 7131200 TI - Lack of multiplication of Toxoplasma in macrophages of rats in vitro. PMID- 7131197 TI - The effects of cortisone on fecundity, number, and distribution of adult Trichinella spiralis and on trichinous enteritis in the host. AB - The effects of cortisone on fecundity, distribution, and numbers of adult Trichinella spiralis and on enteritis in the host were compared in mice receiving different numbers of larvae. As the amount of cortisone given to mice was increased enteritis decreased, and fecundity of adult worms increased. Injection of mice with cortisone caused retention of a greater percentage of adult worms in the anterior regions of the host small bowel than in uninjected mice. By day 11 PI, when adult worms in cortisone-injected mice were more widely distributed along the host small intestine, fecundity of adult worms isolated from mice receiving more worms (500, 1,000, or 2,000 worms) attained levels previously seen only in worms from mice infected with 250 T. spiralis. The extended longevity of adult worms in cortisone-injected mice was accompanied by a severe reduction in fecundity after day 11 PI. Addition of cortisone to the culture medium at concentrations above 0.1 mg% was accompanied by a reduction in fecundity of adult worms. PMID- 7131201 TI - IgE in Paragonimus ohirai-infected rats: effect of x-irradiation. PMID- 7131202 TI - Isolation of a concanavalin A-binding glycoprotein from adult Schistosoma japonicum. PMID- 7131203 TI - Intestinal lysophospholipase and eosinophil responses to Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus (Acanthocephala). PMID- 7131204 TI - The rate of attachment of Fasciola hepatica miracidia to various species of lymnaeid. PMID- 7131205 TI - Relationship of the amoebocyte-producing organ with the generalized amoebocytic reaction in Lymnaea truncatula Muller infected by Fasciola hepatica L. PMID- 7131206 TI - Infectivity of jird-passaged and dog-passaged strains of Brugia pahangi (Nematoda: Filarioidea). PMID- 7131207 TI - In vitro cultivation of third-stage larvae of Litomosoides carinii to the fourth stage. PMID- 7131209 TI - Examination of real and virtual leaks in vacuum freeze dryers. PMID- 7131210 TI - Permeation of preservative through rubber membranes as a basis for predicting loss of preservative into rubber closures. PMID- 7131208 TI - Product sterilization in flexible pouches. PMID- 7131211 TI - Statistical methods in parenteral drug research IV. Continuous statistical distribution functions, confidence limits, and tests of normality. PMID- 7131212 TI - An evaluation of the Snijders-Oomen Nonverbal Intelligence Scale for Young Children. PMID- 7131214 TI - Assessment of pediatric pain: an empirical perspective. PMID- 7131213 TI - Conceptions of cancer: the perspectives of child and adolescent patients and their families. PMID- 7131215 TI - Teaching mothers through videotape modeling to change their children's behavior. PMID- 7131216 TI - An adaptation of the Minnesota Child Development Inventory for preschool developmental screening. PMID- 7131217 TI - Missouri Children's Behavior Checklist ratings of preschool children as a function of risk status for developmental and learning problems. PMID- 7131220 TI - Follow-up on a follow-up study: pitfalls and ethical implications. PMID- 7131218 TI - Teacher interaction with learning-disabled children and average achievers. PMID- 7131219 TI - Relationships among measures of activity in children. PMID- 7131221 TI - In defense of program evaluation as an ethical issue. PMID- 7131222 TI - Antepartum fetal heart rate testing and the post-term gestation. PMID- 7131223 TI - FHR short and long-term variability associated with fetal breathing. PMID- 7131225 TI - Sinusoidal fetal heart rate associated with maternal administration of meperidine and promethazine in labor. PMID- 7131224 TI - Human fetal transcutaneous pO2 during paracervical block. PMID- 7131226 TI - Polymer drug combinations. VI. Sustained release of levamisole from ion exchange resins. PMID- 7131227 TI - [Determining of blood urea using an ammonia gas electrode]. PMID- 7131228 TI - [In vitro diffusion and skin penetration of azelaic preparations: study of correlations]. PMID- 7131229 TI - [Peptide alkaloids of spurred rye and their semisynthetic derivatives. I. Chemistry of alkaloids (brief survey). II. Pharmacology of ergot]. PMID- 7131230 TI - Effect of various drugs and extrinsic denervation on the non-adrenergic inhibitory neurons in the rat stomach. AB - The effects of various drugs and extrinsic denervation on the non-adrenergic inhibitory nerves in the rat stomach were examined. Stimulation of the intramural nerves supplying the longitudinal smooth muscle strips taken from the rat stomach produced responses consisting initial contractions followed by relaxations in the presence of guanethidine in case of the tone of the preparation maintained with serotonin. After scopolamine treatment, transmural nerve stimulation (TMS) caused a relaxation or a relaxation followed by a transient after-contraction. All of these responses were abolished reversibly with tetrodotoxin. After cold storage of rat stomach strips for 5 d at 4 degrees C, the TMS-induced response was not observed, but noradrenaline still relaxed these strips. The TMS-induced relaxation reached a maximum amplitude at 2-5 Hz, and was entirely independent of alpha- and beta-blockers, or a combination of them. It was not affected by treatment of 6-hydroxydopamine and reserpine. These results strongly suggested that the relaxation was not myogenic, but neurogenic, and was not elicited by stimulation of adrenergic neurons. Strychnine and poly-L-lysine inhibited the relaxation elicited by TMS even in normal and transection-treated rats. Histochemical studies showed degenerative changes due to the dissection at the axons of a ganglion in the Auerbach's plexuses by transection. The effect of various drugs and extrinsic denervation on the response to TMS in relation to non adrenergic inhibitory nerves in the rat stomach is discussed. PMID- 7131231 TI - Antitumor activity of 13-methyl-berberrubine derivatives. AB - The antitumor activity of several 13-alkyl-berberrubine and newly synthesized ester derivatives, using experimental tumors (S-180, NF sarcoma, Ehrlich carcinoma and L-1210) in mice was tested. For chemotherapeutic evaluation, the therapeutic indices and ratios were determined. Our present findings confirmed that in berberrubine derivatives, the 9-demethyl structure was essential for the manifestation of antitumor activity and demonstrated tht ester derivatives also exhibit a remarkable antitumor activity, and the 13-methyl derivatives of both berberrubine and palmatrubine alkaloids showed high antitumor activity. PMID- 7131232 TI - The etiology of caffeine-induced aggravation of gastric lesions in rats exposed to restraint plus water-immersion stress. AB - Caffeine augmented formation of gastric lesions in rats exposed to restraint plus water-immersion stress for 3 h, together with inhibition of gastric secretion and gastric motility. The etiology of the lesion aggravation by caffeine was studied by measuring several parameters which were relevant to the mucosal defensive factors. Caffeine increased the susceptibility of gastric mucosa to erosive action of acid when simultaneously combined with the stress procedure. Injection of caffeine via an intraperitoneal route, but not via an intraarterial route, caused a decrease in gastric tissue blood flow when no marked fall in body temperature was seen. This indicates that the caffeine-induced decrease in gastric tissue blood flow is not due to its direct action on the gastric mucosal vessels. Hexosamine content of gastric wall tissues, however, was not significantly changed in caffeine-pretreated rats at 3 h after stress. These results suggest that caffeine aggravates stress-induced gastric lesions through some mechanism in reducing mucosal blood flow which is responsible for liability of mucosal autodigestion. PMID- 7131233 TI - Electrophysiological approach to the action of taurine on rat gastric mucosa. AB - The effect of taurine on isolated rat gastric mucosa was examined electrophysiologically in order to clarify the mechanism of taurine-induced effect on drug absorption. Although taurine itself had little effect on the electrical parameters, potential difference (PD), short-circuit current (Isc), and tissue electrical resistance (R), of the gastric mucosa, sodium lauryl sulfate, an anionic surfactant, was shown to reduce these parameters remarkably. On the other hand, when aspirin was present, taurine showed different effects on the gastric mucosa depending on the concentrations of aspirin. Taurine decreased Isc significantly in the presence of aspirin at low concentration (1 mM), which has in itself no influence on the electric parameters. In contrast, aspirin at higher concentration (10 mM) was shown to act as barrier breaker of the gastric mucosa resulting in a marked decline of PD and Isc. When taurine was added, however, these parameters were reasonably recovered. It seems to be likely that taurine acts as a protector against the aspirin-induced damage in the gastric mucosa. PMID- 7131234 TI - Stimulation of bone resorption by comparatively high dose of zinc in rats. AB - The changes of femoral calcium and acid phosphatase activity were examined in rats orally administered zinc sulfate (10 mg Zn/100 g body weight) for 3 d. Zinc administration to intact rats produced significant decreases of calcium levels in the serum, and femoral diaphysis and epiphysis, while it caused remarkable remarkable elevation of acid phosphatase activity in the femoral diaphysis and epiphysis. Thyroparathyroidectomy significantly prevented the alterations of the calcium content and the enzyme activity in the femoral diaphysis and epiphysis caused by zinc administration to intact rats. The present results suggest that comparatively high dose of zinc may stimulate bone resorption mainly mediated through the actions of parathyroid hormone, due to maintain calcium homeostasis. PMID- 7131235 TI - Some pharmacological properties of morphine-7,8-oxide (morphine epoxide). AB - Morphine-7,8-oxide (morphine epoxide) is assumed to be a metabolite of morphine. Morphine epoxide in antinociceptive action was practically as potent as morphine. The development of tolerance in antinociceptive action was slower in the rats treated with morphine epoxide than in the rats with morphine. Furthermore, morphine epoxide was less potent than morphine in the inhibition of abstinence syndrome. PMID- 7131236 TI - Effect of pyrimidines, purines and their nucleosides on antitumor activity of 5 fluorouracil against L-1210 leukemia. AB - The chemotherapeutic action of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) monotherapy on L-1210 leukemia in mice was compared with combinations of pyrimidines (uracil, uridine, deoxyuridine, cytosine, cytidine, deoxycytidine, thymine and thymidine) or purines (adenine, adenosine, deoxyadenosine, guanine, guanosine, deoxyguanosine and inosine) with 5-FU. The antitumor activity of 5-FU was enhanced by coadministration of uracil, thymine or guanosine, but the toxicity of the first two compounds was also enhanced. Only when 5-FU was administered with guanosine, was not only the antitumor activity but also the therapeutic ratio potentiated without increasing its toxicity. A time interval between the administration of 5 FU and guanosine diminished the survival effect. Therefore, the 5-FU-guanosine combination produced its optimal chemotherapeutic effect by simultaneous injection. The potentiation of antitumor effect of 5-FU by guanosine was prevented completely by cytidine or uridine, and partially by deoxyuridine, adenosine or deoxyadenosine. PMID- 7131239 TI - Loneliness and patterns of self-disclosure. AB - The first study in this paper examined the hypothesis that feeling lonely is related to a self-perceived lack of self-disclosure to significant others. Thirty seven male and 38 female undergraduates rated themselves on the UCLA Loneliness Scale and the Jourard Self-Disclosure Questionnaire. Analyses showed that for males and females, loneliness was significantly and linearly related to a self perceived lack of intimate disclosure to opposite-sex friends. For females, loneliness was also associated with a perceived lack of self-disclosure to same sex friends. The second study investigated the relationship between loneliness and actual disclosure behavior. Twenty-four lonely subjects and 23 nonlonely subjects were paired with nonlonely partners in a structured acquaintanceship exercise. Both opposite-sex pairs and same-sex pairs were included in the design. Postexercise ratings by partners indicated that lonely subjects were less effective than nonlonely subjects in making themselves known. Analysis of the intimacy level in the conversations showed that lonely subjects had significantly different patterns of disclosure than nonlonely subjects. We suggest that the self-disclosure style of the lonely person impairs the normal development of social relationships. PMID- 7131237 TI - Determination of oxycodone metabolites in urines and feces of several mammalian species. AB - Determination of oxycodone metabolites excreted in urines and feces of several mammalian species was studied by use of the tritium labeled compound. It was found that the radioactivity was excreted more in the urines than in the feces in rabbits, guinea pigs and mice, but not in rats, who eliminated it equally into the urines and feces. Most of the radioactivity was excreted in 48 h after the administration. Seven metabolites, oxymorphone, 6 alpha-oxycodol, 6 beta oxycodol, 7 beta-hydroxy-6 beta-oxycodol, noroxycodone, oxycodone N-oxide, and 6 alpha-oxycodol, N-oxide, as well as well as unchanged oxycodone, were found to be excreted into urines of rabbits in both free and conjugated forms except two N oxides, which were found only in the free form. It was discussed that analgesic effect of oxycodone would mainly be attributable to the oxycodone itself, but not to the metabolites. PMID- 7131241 TI - Episodic and semantic memory in posthypnotic amnesia: A reevaluation. AB - Recently, Kihlstrom found that a suggestion for posthypnotic amnesia produced impairments on episodic but not semantic memory tasks. During amnesia testing, highly and very highly susceptible subjects showed reduced recall for a previously learned word list but no deficits on a word association task designed to elicit the forgotten words as associates. He hypnotized that posthypnotic amnesia involved a dissociation between episodic and semantic components of memory. We tested the alternative hypothesis that Kihlstrom's findings resulted from experimental demands conveyed by the wording of the amnesia suggestion he employed. We found that subjects could be induced to show only episodic impairments (thereby replicating Kihlstrom) or both episodic and semantic impairments (contrary to Kihlstrom) by subtly varying the wording of amnesia suggestions. These findings are inconsistent with a dissociation hypothesis. Instead, they support the notion that hypnotic amnesia is a strategic enactment strongly influenced by expectations generated in the amnesia testing situation. PMID- 7131238 TI - Why never forgetting a face matters: visual imagery and social memory. AB - This research tested the hypothesis that individuals who tend to form vivid visual images of others (vivid imagers) have more accurate social memories than those who form relatively nonvivid visual images of others (nonvivid imagers). In the first investigation, vivid imagers outperformed nonvivid imagers in remembering details concerning the attitudes, activities, and life history of a woman whom they observed being interviewed. Investigation 2 provided more definitive evidence for the link between visual imagery and social memory by demonstrating that vivid imagers had more accurate memories after seeing an interviewee answer questions, whereas seeing the interviewee had no impact on the memories of nonvivid imagers. The discussion considers the impact that imagery processes may have on a variety of social thought processes. PMID- 7131240 TI - Psychopathology as a function of neuroticism and a hypnotically implanted aggressive conflict. AB - Hypnotically implanted paramnesias (false stories) designed to arouse an unacceptable aggressive impulse successfully generated psychopathology in experimental subjects who were high in neuroticism. Control subjects received a similar paramnesia that was designed to arouse an acceptable impulse. The induced psychopathology approximated that observed in a psychiatric outpatient population. Experimental subjects who directed their aggressive impulses at fictitious authority figures experienced more psychopathology than did experimental subjects who directed their impulses at an authority figure who was physically present. Experimental subjects told shorter Thematic Apperception Test stories and expressed more blatant anger and aggression in their stories than did the controls, but the two groups did not differ in terms of the amount of anger and aggression projected nor did they differ in the amount of paramnesia material projected. PMID- 7131242 TI - Application of structural modeling with latent variables to adolescent drug use: a reply to Huba, Wingard, and Bentler. AB - I propose that strong claims about the superiority of latent variable (LV) structural modeling, compared to other causal approaches to nonexperimental data, are both overstated and premature. Focusing primarily on a recent article by Huba, Wingard, and Bentler (1981) appearing in this journal, I argue both that the authors' application of these models is seriously flawed and that the data employed to test the models are of questionable quality. I conclude that statements about powerful inferences that can be made from analyses of LV models should be moderated. A more prudent position is advocated in this paper: I argue that the evaluation and testing of LV models should proceed, but with caution and self-criticism; even highly sophisticated methods like LV modeling cannot substitute for the collection of high quality data and the clear operationalization of constructs and hypotheses. PMID- 7131244 TI - Attributional styles and life events in the classroom: vulnerability and invulnerability to depressive mood reactions. AB - A core prediction of the reformulated model of learned helplessness and depression (Abramson, Seligman, & Teasdale, 1978) is that when confronted with the same negative life event, people who display a generalized tendency to attribute negative outcomes to internal, stable, or global factors should be more likely to experience a depressive mood reaction than people who typically attribute negative outcomes to external, unstable, or specific factors. We tested this prediction with a prospective design in a naturalistic setting by determining whether the content of college students' attributional styles at one point in time predicted the severity of their depressive mood response to receiving a low grade on a midterm exam at a subsequent point in time. Consistent with the prediction, students with an internal or global attributional style for negative outcomes at Time 1 experienced a depressive mood response when confronted with a subsequent low midterm grade, whereas students with an external or specific attributional style for negative outcomes were invulnerable to this depressive mood response. In contrast to the results for the internality and globality dimensions, students' scores along the stability attribution dimension were not correlated with the severity of their depressive mood response to the low midterm grade. In the absence of a negative life event (i.e., receipt of a high midterm grade), students' generalized tendencies to make internal or global attributions for negative outcomes at Time 1 were not significantly correlated with their subsequent changes in depressive mood although there was a nonsignificant positive correlation between severity of depressive mood response and the tendency to make global attributions for negative outcomes at Time 1. PMID- 7131243 TI - On the usefulness of latent variable causal modeling in testing theories of naturally occurring events (including adolescent drug use): a rejoinder to Martin. AB - This paper considers the arguments raised by Martin (1982) against the methodologies used by Huba, Wingard, and Bentler (1981) and their subsequent conclusions. Several of Martin's criticisms are the result of a misreading of our paper and selective citations, whereas other criticisms were discussed in the original paper and resolved through alternate forms of data analysis. Further analyses are presented to address issues raised by Martin. Martin's arguments against latent variable models are refuted. PMID- 7131245 TI - Individual differences in relative hemispheric alpha abundance and cognitive responses to persuasive communications. AB - Three experiments are reported investigating individual differences in interhemispheric electroencephalogram (EEG) activity and cognitive responses to persuasion. Experiment 1 indicated that subjects who were characterized by relative left hemispheric EEG activity over the parietal areas also produced a less affectively polarized profile of thought listings about the persuasive communication. Moreover, this individual difference emerged only when subjects were confronted by the forewarning and message; the basal patterns of interhemispheric EEG activity, which were obtained prior to the announcement of the attitudinal recommendation, did not portend distinguishable profiles of cognitive responding. Experiment 2 replicated the major findings of Experiment 1 using different topics and a within-subjects rather than a between-subjects design. Further analyses suggested that thinking about an attitude issue rather than responding to a persuasive communication was sufficient to obtain the above relationship between interhemispheric EEG alpha abundance and cognitive response. Experiment 3 used Tesser's time-to-think procedure to assess interhemispheric EEG patterning as a function of the affective polarization of topic-relevant thinking. The results supported the expectation that as subjects thought longer about attitude issues they exhibited a shifting of relative hemispheric EEG activity from the left toward the right parietal areas of the cerebral hemispheres. The significance and limitations of these findings for research on attitude change and the utility of including psychophysiological approaches to elusive research problems in personality and social psychology are discussed. PMID- 7131246 TI - Suggestions for altered auditory sensitivity, the negative subject effect and hypnotic susceptibility: a signal detection analysis. AB - Two experiments used signal detection procedures to assess the effects of hypnotic susceptibility, a hypnotic induction procedure, and suggestions for altering auditory acuity on measures of sensitivity and response bias. In Experiment 1, low susceptibles showed higher sensitivity than high susceptibles, and hypnotic induction failed to affect the sensitivity of either highs or lows. Among the high susceptibles, suggestions to either increase or decrease acuity produced increments in sensitivity and reduced individual differences. Thus, suggestions (regardless of the direction of change suggested) probably motivated highs who would have otherwise performed inefficiently to perform as efficiently as the low susceptibles. With respect to response bias, high-susceptible hypnotic subjects given a suggestion for increased acuity behaved in terms of suggested demands; they showed an increased tendency to response "signal." Low-susceptible hypnotic subjects given the same suggestion responded in a counterdemand or "negative subject" fashion; they developed a bias to say "noise." Experiment 2 used a more difficult discrimination task to replicate and extend this counterdemand effect in low susceptibles. Implications for hypnosis research and for research on the negative subject effect are discussed. PMID- 7131247 TI - [Determination of D-penicillamine and its metabolites in blood and urine]. PMID- 7131250 TI - [Studies on fungal products. VI. Biological effects of ergosterol-5,8-peroxide]. PMID- 7131251 TI - [Hygroscopicity of cephalexin crystals]. PMID- 7131249 TI - [Determination of clofexamide and its metabolites in plasma by gas chromatography]. PMID- 7131248 TI - [Studies on thin-layer stick chromatography. IV. Screening procedure for doping drugs from urine of race horses]. PMID- 7131252 TI - [Synthesis and antiinflammatory activity of hydrocortisone 17,21-diesters]. PMID- 7131253 TI - [Pharmacological studies on Saiko-prescriptions. I. Effects of Saiko prescriptions on the isolated smooth muscles]. PMID- 7131254 TI - [Pharmacological studies on Saiko-prescriptions. II. Effects of constituent crude drugs of Saiko-prescriptions and its fractions on isolated smooth muscles]. PMID- 7131255 TI - [On the flavonoid constituents from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. I]. PMID- 7131256 TI - [Photo-stability of aliphatic diamines in aqueous theophylline solutions under oxygen]. PMID- 7131257 TI - [Development of new reaction utilizing sulfur-containing leaving groups: its application to the synthesis of the physiologically active amides]. PMID- 7131258 TI - [Studies on thermal properties of a new hypoglycemic agent, a cyclic guanidine derivative]. PMID- 7131259 TI - [Studies on anti-tumor active glycoprotein from Chlorella vulgaris. I]. PMID- 7131260 TI - [Kinetic isotope effect on metabolism of deuterated paeonol]. PMID- 7131261 TI - [The behavior in gastrointestinal tract and biliary excretion of acemetacin]. PMID- 7131262 TI - [Studies on the constituents of Talinum paniculatum Gaertner. I]. PMID- 7131263 TI - Synthesis and evaluation of some alkoxy-, chloro-, and acyloxy-conjugated styryl ketones against P-388 lymphocytic leukemia and an examination of the metabolism and toxicological effects of 1-(m-ethoxymethyloxyphenyl)-1-nonen-3-one in rats. AB - A number of analogs of a new antineoplastic agent, 1-(m-ethoxymethyloxyphenyl)-1 nonen-3-one (IIIa) were prepared and evaluated against murine P-388 lymphocytic leukemia. Metabolic studies of IIIa in rats showed that it was sequestered rapidly to the brain and hence probably to other adipose tissue, which may account for the absence of IIIa and metabolites in urine and feces. A detailed toxicological evaluation of IIIa in rats showed marked pathological changes principally in the liver and spleen as a result of erythrophagocytosis from bleeding into the abdomen. PMID- 7131265 TI - In vitro skin evaporation and penetration characteristics of mosquito repellents. AB - An in vitro apparatus was used to study mosquito repellent evaporation and penetration characteristics with skin. The mosquito repellents 2-ethyl-1,3 hexanediol, N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide, N,N-diethyl-p-toluamide, 1 (butylsulfonyl)hexahydro-1H-azepine, and N,N'-dicyclohexamethyleneurea were studied. In vitro repellent duration, calculated from repellent evaporation rates, was compared to in vivo duration at the same dose (0.3 mg/cm2) to assess the validity of the model. In vitro durations for 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol, N,N diethyl-m-toluamide, N,N-diethyl-p-toluamide, and N,N'-dicyclohexamethyleneurea correlated with in vivo durations (r2 = 0.94), although in vitro durations was longer than in vivo duration. 1-(Butylsulfonyl)hexahydro-1H-azepine, which had the longest in vivo duration, had an in vitro duration that exceeded the test period (12 hr). The 0-12-hr in vitro percutaneous penetration correlated with corresponding data available from in vivo studies. PMID- 7131264 TI - Species differences in the urinary excretion of the novel primary amine conjugate: tocainide carbamoyl O-beta-D-glucuronide. AB - The metabolism of the antiarrhythmic drug tocainide (I) has been shown previously to occur via a novel pathway involving the addition of carbon dioxide to the primary amine nitrogen of I followed by conjugation with glucuronic acid. The product of this reaction, tocainide carbamoyl O-beta-D-glucuronide (II), the principal metabolite of I in humans, has been found to cyclize under strongly basic conditions to form 3-(2,6-xylyl)-5-methylhydantoin (III). Thus, evidence for the existence of II can be obtained by two different procedures: conversion of II to III in the presence of strong base and by hydrolysis of II with beta glucuronidase. The principal purpose of the present investigation was to identify suitable species for studies of the mechanism involved in the formation of II, as well as to find an animal model suitable for toxicological evaluation of tocainide and structurally related compounds. Eight animal species were examined to identify those capable of metabolizing I into II. The fraction of an intraperitoneal dose excreted in urine as II was estimated by measurement of tocainide released by beta-glucuronidase mediated hydrolysis of urine and by the quantitation of III formed after alkalinization of urine samples. Urinary recovery of unchanged drug ranged from 9.5% of the dose in the gerbil to 48.7% in the cat. The percent of the dose excreted in urine as acid hydrolyzable conjugates ranged from less than 1% in the gerbil to a mean of 13% in the rabbit. Guinea pigs, dogs, cats, rabbits, and pigtail monkeys excreted amounts of II ranging from 0.2 to 2.4% of the dose. Thus, none of the species appeared to be a suitable model for the study of the mechanism of formation of II because of the quantitative insignificance of this pathway. PMID- 7131266 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of digitoxin formulations. AB - A rapid, selective, and simple high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for digitoxin formulations is described. The method utilizes a conventional octadecyl bonded phase column with detection at 220 nm. The isocratic solvent system resolves digitoxin from its potential degradation products and provides an accurate assay for tablet and injectable formulations with a relative standard deviation of 1.4 and 3.3%, respectively. The method is sufficiently sensitive to monitor content uniformity of tablets and the minimum quantifiable amount of digitoxin was determined to be 20 ng. The total chromatograph time was approximately 15 min. PMID- 7131267 TI - Chromatographic study of interactions between polyvinylpyrrolidone and drugs. AB - A chromatographic technique for the study of possible interactions of drugs with soluble or insoluble polymer additives is proposed. Crospovidone was used as a stationary phase. The method allowed the rapid determination of interaction constants in the range of greater than 1 M-1 as relevant for applications in practice. The interaction of 39 drugs and model compounds of diverse chemical structure with povidone and crospovidone was studied. The results closely agreed with data obtained from conventional equilibrium dialysis and sorption studies. The complexation reaction was found to be dominated by hydrogen binding. A close correspondence between the strength of interaction and the nature, number, and position of hydrogen-donating functional groups in the active ingredient was observed. The binding tendency was enhanced when the functional groups were connected with aromatic residues. The carboxyl group was more effective than the hydroxide or amino groups. The binding can be quantified by the binding constants, Kp and Ks, respectively, describing the interaction with polyvinylpyrrolidone via independent binding sites. At pH 1, with the exception of tannic acid, all investigated drugs exhibited Kp and/or Ks values well below an upper limit of 10 M-1. Hence, with additive-drug ratios commonly used in pharmaceutical preparations, the bound amount of drug after oral administration can hardly exceed 3%. In view of this already low degree of potential binding and considering its reversible character and its decreasing tendency with increasing pH during GI passage, the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone in pharmaceutical preparations is not expected to interfere with GI drug absorption. PMID- 7131268 TI - Isocratic high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of tricyclic antidepressants and metabolites in plasma. AB - An isocratic high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of six tricyclic antidepressants and their major metabolites is presented. Hexane containing 0.5% diethylamine was used as an extraction solvent to minimize adsorption onto glass. A reversed-phase cyanopropylsilane column was used with a mobile phase consisting of 70% acetonitrile and 30% 0.03 M acetate buffer, pH 7.0. Good identification and quantitation were obtained by the use of both UV detection at 245 nm and spectrofluorometric detection with an excitation wavelength of 276 nm and an emission filter with a 370-nm cutoff. A minimum detectable limit of less than 5 ng/ml of plasma is possible with this system. The reproducibility and precision of the method are shown from the analysis of samples containing 20-400 ng/ml in plasma. PMID- 7131269 TI - Chelation of mercury by polymercaptal microspheres: new potential antidote for mercury poisoning. AB - Newly synthesized polymercaptal microspheres of 0.8 +/- 0.02 micron were shown to have a specific and fast intake of mercury compounds over a whole range of pH while maintaining low toxicity. The microspheres bind easily with mercury compounds which are already bound to the biological mercury binders, albumin or cysteine. Mercury was recovered completely from the microspheres by using a solution of thiourea in hydrochloric acid. Due to their high surface area, low toxicity, and strong affinity toward mercury compounds, the microspheres have a potential use as a new oral drug for treatment in cases of mercury poisoning. PMID- 7131270 TI - Relative bioavailability of commercially available ibuprofen oral dosage forms in humans. AB - Two human bioavailability studies were conducted to assess the in vivo performances of recently marketed 200-, 300-, and 400-mg ibuprofen capsules relative to the innovator's 300- and 400-mg tablets when administered as single oral 300- or 400-mg doses. An ibuprofen oral solution was also administered in each trial. Within each study, the products were equivalent to each other and to the oral solution with respect to the extent of ibuprofen absorption. Absorption rates, however, differed markedly among the products studied. Ibuprofen was more slowly absorbed from the 300- and 400-mg capsules than from the respective strength tablets. The 200-mg capsule exhibited an absorption rate comparable to the 400-mg tablet but more rapid than the 400-mg capsule. It was concluded that two of the duplicator's 200-mg capsules were bioequivalent to one of the innovator's 400-mg tablet. The duplicator's 300- and 400-mg capsules were bioinequivalent to the innovator's 300- and 400-mg tablets, respectively, due to their slower rates of absorption. PMID- 7131271 TI - The role of surfactants in the release of very slightly soluble drugs from tablets. AB - The ability of surfactants to accelerate the in vitro dissolution of very slightly soluble drugs has been ascribed to wetting and/or micellar solubilization. Deflocculation as a mechanism to accelerate dissolution has not been investigated. In the present study, the effect of a surfactant on the dissolution kinetics of prednisolone from tablets and the mode of action of the surfactant were investigated. The dissolution of prednisolone at 37 degrees in 0.1 N HCl containing different concentrations of the nonionic surfactant, octoxynol 9, followed zero-order kinetics. The rate constant was increased by 15, 150, and 950% when octoxynol was added to the dissolution medium at 0.0039 and 0.032% (approximately 0.5 and 4.0 times the critical micelle concentration) and incorporated into the tablets (for a final concentration of 0.0039%), respectively. The surface tensions of the dissolution media were 71, 35, and 31 dyne/cm for 0, 0.0039, and 0.032% octoxynol, respectively. The largest decrease in surface tension corresponded to the smallest increase in dissolution rate, indicating that wetting was unimportant. The micellar solubilization capacity of octoxynol was much too small to account for the increases in dissolution rate. Microscopic particle size measurements and sedimentation volume determinations showed the pronounced deflocculation of prednisolone by the surfactant. The observed increases in specific surface area at the two octoxynol concentrations were in good quantitative agreement with the increases in dissolution rate according to the Noyes-Whitney equation. PMID- 7131272 TI - Synthesis of some benzofuran and furocoumarin derivatives for possible biological activity. AB - Condensation of 5-formyl-6-methoxy-2,3-diphenylbenzofuran (I) and 6-formyl-5 methoxy-2,3-diphenylbenzofuran (II) with aliphatic or aromatic primary amines led to the formation of the corresponding anils (IIIa-k and IVa-c). The anils (IIIa,f,k or IVa-c) reacted with ethyl cyanoacetate, ethyl acetoacetate, or diethyl malonate to form the respective esters (Va-c or VIa-c). When Va-c or VIa c were treated with pyridine hydrochloride, demethylation occurred followed by cyclization to form the corresponding furocoumarins (VIIa-c or VIIIa-c). Reduction of the anils using sodium borohydride furnished the corresponding Mannich bases (Xa-d and XI). The antimicrobial activity of compounds IIIi, IVc, Va, VIa, and VIIIa was investigated. PMID- 7131273 TI - Aspirin--a national survey V: Determination of aspirin and impurities in enteric coated tablets and suppository formulations and in vitro dissolution of enteric coated tablets. AB - The results of a national survey on the quality of enteric coated aspirin tablets and aspirin suppositories are presented. The tablets were analyzed for strength, salicylic acid content, in vitro dissolution rate, and related aspirin impurities. The suppositories were analyzed for strength and salicylic acid content. The methods of analysis and validation of data are also presented. PMID- 7131274 TI - Potential anticonvulsants IV: Condensation of isatin with benzoylacetone and isopropyl methyl ketone. PMID- 7131275 TI - GC analysis of imidazopyrazole in plasma using nitrogen-specific detection. AB - A sensitive, specific GC assay for imidazopyrazole in plasma was developed using nitrogen-specific detection. The samples are extracted with methylene chloride containing 7-bromo-imidazopyrazole as the internal standard and the extract derivatized with pentaflourobenzoyl chloride prior to isothermal chromatography on an OV-17 column. Peak-height ratio measurements produced linear standard curves over the concentration range of 0.045-40 microgram/ml. The practical limit of sensitivity was 50 ng/ml and typical between-run variability for replicate analysis of a control specimen produced a coefficient of variation of 5.1%. This method is applicable to the study of the pharmacokinetics of imidazopyrazole following therapeutic doses and was used to support such studies in parallel with Phase I clinical studies in children. PMID- 7131276 TI - Stability of concentrated aqueous solutions of pralidoxime chloride. AB - Concentrated aqueous solutions of pralidoxime chloride degrade more rapidly than dilute solutions. The rate and degree of degradation is dependent on the initial and final pH as well as the container in which the solution is stored. The effects of glass, metal, plastic, and rubber stoppers on the stability of concentrated and dilute solutions are discussed. The stability and shelf lives of 50% aqueous concentrates at different temperatures were determined. PMID- 7131277 TI - Growth and characterization of calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals (weddellite). AB - Conditions are given for the growth of calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals (weddellite) in aqueous solution. The crystals obtained were characterized by scanning electron microscopic, spectroscopic, and thermal methods. The dissolution kinetics and electrophoretic mobility were determined; the thermodynamically unstable calcium oxalate dihydrate had a higher dissolution rate and a lower zeta potential than the monohydrate and underwent a phase transformation into the more stable calcium oxalate monohydrate. The results obtained on the chemical stability and the surface charge of calcium oxalate dihydrate offered additional information for assessing the current theories on the formation of calcium oxalate renal stones. PMID- 7131278 TI - Effect of initial conditions and drug-protein binding on the time to equilibrium in dialysis systems. PMID- 7131279 TI - Estimation of all parameters from nonisothermal kinetic data. AB - A method is described which estimates (using least-squares analysis) all parameters (kinetic parameters and also zero and infinite time assays) from nonisothermal kinetic data. This method overcomes the time delays required for infinite time assays and biased estimates caused by the use of those assay results. Flexible temperature and data collection programs can be used. The mathematical models account for thermal volume expansion and the appropriate model is selected by statistical tests (provided the reaction is studied over approximately 90% decomposition). The models use a reparameterized Arrhenius equation in which the frequency factor is replaced by ka, the rate constant at a specified temperature. This improves the numerical procedure and allows room temperature stability to be estimated directly. PMID- 7131280 TI - Development of a method for study of the tendency of drug products to adhere to the esophagus. AB - A method to determine the adherence of drugs to the esophagus was developed using isolated swine esophagi. A number of types of tablets and capsules (e.g., of doxycycline) were tested. The results showed that the tendency of products to adhere to the esophagus can be regulated by pharmaceutical properties. It was concluded that the method described is simple, inexpensive, and accurate. PMID- 7131281 TI - Erythrocyte changes in aqueous polyethylene glycol solutions containing sodium chloride. AB - The behavior of rabbit erythrocytes in aqueous solutions of polyethylene glycol 300 (I) and polyethylene glycol 400 (II) containing sodium chloride was investigated during 2-120 min incubation at 37 degrees. No hemolysis was found in I (0-10.1%) and II (0-12.9%) solutions in the presence of sodium chloride (0.45 1.35%), but prelytic potassium ion loss and changes in the appearance of the erythrocytes proceeded with the passage of time. The potassium ion loss increased with increasing concentration of polyethylene glycol and/or sodium chloride. The mean cellular volume of erythrocytes decreased temporarily (during the first 2 min) in both I (6.7%) and II (8.6%) solutions containing sodium chloride (0.68 1.35%), and then increased progressively to the same value as that determined by solution of sodium chloride at the same concentration but without polyethylene glycol (approximately 30 and 120 min in I and II solutions, respectively). Both I (10.1%) and II (12.9%) induced a stomatocytic transformation of erythrocytes, but at the higher concentrations (0.9-1.35%) of sodium chloride, II accelerated the progress of spontaneous transformation of erythrocytes, but at the higher concentrations (0.9-1.35%) of sodium chloride, II accelerated the progress of spontaneous transformation to echinocytes. The results indicate that these solutions were not isotonic with rabbit erythrocytes. PMID- 7131282 TI - Anthralin: chemical instability and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibition. AB - The chemical stability of the antipsoriatic drug, anthralin (1,8-dihydroxy-9 anthrone), in solution has been studied using high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis. The time course for decomposition in solution has been correlated with that of the inhibition of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, one of the most widely documented biochemical properties associated with anthralin. Solutions of anthralin in aqueous buffer (37 degrees, pH 7.5, under light protection) completely within 4 hr giving the 10,10'-dimer (40%), no detectable 1,8-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone, and a greatly increased potency of inhibition of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. This increased inhibitory potency could not be explained by formation of the dimer which, like anthralin and its quinone, were shown to be only weak inhibitors of the enzyme. In acetone solution exposed to light and air, anthralin decomposed completely within 4 days, in part via the dimer as intermediate. The final solution had the characteristic color of anthralin-brown, contained the quinone (20%), and like decomposed aqueous solutions of anthralin, completely inhibited glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The results show that neither anthralin, nor either of its two identified decomposition products, is the potent toxic species against glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. PMID- 7131283 TI - Steroidal oxazoline derivatives: synthesis and in vitro effect on bovine pancreatic ribonuclease activity. PMID- 7131285 TI - Potential alkylating agents derived from benzimidazole and benzothiazole. PMID- 7131284 TI - Chromatographic assay of neomycin B and C in neomycin sulfate powders. AB - A chromatographic assay of neomycin sulfate powders on strongly alkaline ion exchange resin (hydroxide form) is described. D-(+)-alpha,alpha-Trehalose was used as an internal standard. The amount of neomycin B and C in commercial samples was determined with the proposed method, and the results are compared with those obtained by microbiological assay. In addition, minor neomycin components were estimated by TLC and GLC methods. PMID- 7131287 TI - Stability assay of allantoin in lotions and creams by high-pressure liquid chromatography. AB - A high-pressure liquid chromatographic method for indicating stability is described for the rapid quantitative analysis of allantoin in lotions and creams. Allantoin was extracted from the preparations using distilled water containing 70% (v/v) methanol and separated from interferences by reversed-phase chromatography. The separation was carried out using an amino column (250 X 4.5 mm i.d.) and a mobile phase of distilled water containing 70% (v/v) acetonitrile. Quantitation was accomplished using a UV detector at 220 nm. The assay has a relative standard deviation of approximately 1.7% (n = 10) and the average recovery from laboratory prepared samples was 100%. PMID- 7131286 TI - Complexation of procainamide with dextrose. AB - The percent of procainamide complexed with dextrose was determined to be directly related to the concentration per mole fraction of dextrose in the solution. The complexation process was reversible and did not proceed at lower pH (approximately 1.5). The rate of formation of complex was dependent on the initial pH value of the solution and the pH decreased as the concentration of the complex increased. The increase in the concentration of procainamide did not change the equilibrium concentration of the complex. The addition of sodium chloride or edetate disodium did not alter the rate of formation of the complex or its equilibrium concentration. The addition of hydrochloric acid prevented the formation of the complex and on adding hydrochloric acid after the formation of the complex, procainamide was completely freed. PMID- 7131288 TI - Inhibition of gentamicin uptake in rat renal cortex in vivo by aminoglycosides and organic polycations. PMID- 7131289 TI - Effect of albumin binding on the hepatic transport of rose bengal: surface mediated dissociation of limited capacity. AB - We have studied the steady-state removal of rose bengal by perfused rat livers to decide whether the tight association of this anion with albumin is consistent with the conventional view that only the free fraction in the sinusoidal lumen is available for hepatic transport. The results show that the concentration of free dye is not nearly high enough to account for the observed removal rate. From these observations we argue that the liver cell surface reduces the affinity of rose bengal for albumin by a factor of approximately 100 below that observed in free solution. The findings extend and refine the results of a similar experiment with taurocholate we reported previously and they confirm the suggestion by others that the dissociation mechanism displays saturation kinetics as the albumin concentration increases. PMID- 7131290 TI - Opiate modulation of pancreatic polypeptide release by a meal in the dog. AB - It has been reported that morphine abolished the plasma pancreatic polypeptide (PP) response to a meal in man, but the mechanism of this action is unclear. This study was designed to investigate the effect of low doses of the endogenous opiate peptide. Met-enkephalin and naloxone on basal- and meal-stimulated PP release in order to examine the role of opioid modulation in the release of this hormone. Four gastric fistula dogs underwent a series of six studies, a test meal alone. Met-enkephalin infusion (40 microgram/kg/hr), naloxone infusion, meal plus naloxone infusion and meal plus Met-enkephalin plus naloxone. Gastrin and PP were measured by radioimmunoassay. Basal PP levels averaged 35.1 +/- 3.0 fmol/ml. Although Met-enkephalin had no effect on basal PP levels, it significantly (P less than 0.05) inhibited the mean peak increment of PP stimulated by a meal (control, 331 +/- 39 fmol/ml; Met-enkephalin, 145 +/- 49 fmol/ml; P less than 0.05). This inhibition was completely abolished by naloxone. Naloxone alone did not alter basal- or meal-stimulated plasma PP levels. Neither Met-enkephalin nor naloxone altered basal or stimulated plasma gastrin levels. This study demonstrated that opiate peptides play a role in the regulation of the release of PP by a meal; it thus suggests the possibility of an opioid modulatory mechanism for the release of this hormone. PMID- 7131291 TI - Comparison of the transplacental pharmacokinetics of cortisol and triamcinolone acetonide in the rhesus monkey. AB - The late gestational age rhesus monkey was used to study the transplacental pharmacokinetics of radiolabeled triamcinolone acetonide (TAC) and cortisol. Tritiated-TAC and [14C]cortisol were administered simultaneously via the maternal radial vein were administered simultaneously via the maternal radial vein and blood samples were serially drawn from catheters implanted in both the maternal femoral artery and fetal umbilical vein and artery. High-performance liquid chromatography of the processed blood samples revealed that from 93 to 100% of the 3H in the fetal circulation was parent TAC, whereas only 14 to 49% of the 14C was cortisol during the 40-min period after dose administration. Fetal tissue samples taken at 3 hr after dose administration showed that 75 to 96% of the 3H present was TAC, whereas no cortisol was observed. TAC demonstrated dose independent kinetics. Samples collected from the umbilical vein of the in situ placenta after fetectomy revealed that cortisol was extensively converted to cortisone by the placenta, whereas TAC was refractory to placental metabolism. This placental conversion of cortisol to cortisone and the further metabolism and conjugation of cortisol by the fetoplacental unit resulted in a fetal to maternal plasma cortisol ratio of 0.2. In contrast, the lack of placental or fetoplacental metabolism of TAC resulted in a fetal to maternal plasma TAC ratio of 0.6. PMID- 7131292 TI - Inhibitors of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase. 1. Effects of 2-cycloocytyl 2-hydroxyethylamine on rat brain and adrenal catecholamine content and blood pressure. AB - Acute administration of 2-cyclooctyl-2-hydroxyethylamine (CONH), a potent phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase inhibitor, produced time- and dose-related reductions of blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). CONH did not affect the blood pressure of age-paired normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY), or the heart rate of either animal group. CONH produced dose- and time-related reductions in epinephrine (Epi) levels in the hypothalamus and brainstem of both SHR and WKY. The drug also produced dose- and time-related reductions in hypothalamic and brainstem norepinephrine concentrations and elevations in dopamine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid concentrations in both SHR and WKY. CONH was about equally effective in reducing brain norepinephrine and Epi concentrations in both animal strains, but CONH was more effective in elevating brain dopamine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid concentrations in SHR than in WKY. Subchronic administration (3 days) of CONH produced a dose-related reduction in blood pressure in SHR, but had no affect on blood pressure in WKY. The changes in blood pressure in SHR were accompanied by a dose-related reduction in hypothalamic Epi concentrations, but the drug treatment produced no affect on the concentration of Epi in the brainstem. The results of this study suggest that brain Epi-containing neurons may be directly involved in the regulation of blood pressure or alternatively they may indirectly control cardiovascular function by modulating brain norepinephrine- and/or dopamine-neuronal activity. PMID- 7131294 TI - Properties of pentazocine as a discriminative stimulus in the squirrel monkey. AB - Squirrel monkeys were trained to discriminate i.m. injections of pentazocine (3.0 mg/kg) from vehicle. Stimulus control was considered to have been established when the monkeys reliably completed at least 22 of the 25 trials (i.e. 88%) on the appropriate lever in both pentazocine and vehicle sessions. In cross generalization tests, two groups of drugs were shown to produce pentazocine-like discriminative effects: 1) the pure opiate agonists morphine, levorphanol and levomethorphan and 2) cyclazocine, phencyclidine and dextrorphan, drugs previously shown to have common discriminative effects. In addition, l pentazocine proved to be about twice as potent as the racemic mixture. Butorphanol, SKF 10,047 and dextromethorphan produced pentazocine-appropriate responding in 80% of the trials, whereas ketocyclazocine, ethylketocyclazocine and nalbuphine produced less than 50% pentazocine-appropriate responding. Four nonopioid drugs from a variety of pharmacologic classes (apomorphine, d amphetamine, secobarbital and mescaline) failed to show any discriminative properties in common with pentazocine. In antagonism studies, naltrexone completely blocked the discriminative effects of pentazocine, whereas haloperidol produced only a partial blockade. The discriminative effects of l-pentazocine and levorphanol could also be antagonized by naltrexone, but those of dextrorphan could not. The results suggest the pentazocine has both a morphine-like component of action and a component shared with the nonmorphine-like opioids. PMID- 7131295 TI - Maintenance of schedule-controlled behavior by intravenous injections of nicotine in squirrel monkeys. AB - Lever pressing by squirrel monkeys was maintained by i.v. injections of nicotine (3-560 microgram/kg) or cocaine (3-300 microgram/kg) under two intermittent schedules of self-administration. Under a fixed-interval schedule, the first response after a specified interval of time produced an injection. Under a second order fixed-interval schedule, the completion of every 10-response fixed-ratio unit produced a brief visual stimulus and the first fixed-ratio unit completed after a specified interval produced both the brief stimulus and an injection. As the dose of either drug was increased, the rate of responding first increased and then decreased; maximal response rates maintained by nicotine were approximately equal to those maintained by cocaine in some monkeys, but less than those maintained by cocaine in other monkeys. Patterns of responding maintained by the two drugs were qualitatively similar in all monkeys and were characteristic of performances maintained by other reinforcers under fixed-interval or second-order fixed-interval schedules. Doses of nicotine greater than 30 microgram/kg/injection usually produced vomiting, but often maintained responding well above the rates maintained by saline. When the nicotinic antagonist, mecamylamine (1.0 mg/kg i.m.) was administered before every experimental session, responding maintained by nicotine, but not by cocaine, fell to within saline control levels; increasing the dose of nicotine to as high as 1700 microgram/kg/injection did not restore responding. Under the intermittent schedules studied here, nicotine served as an effective reinforcer to maintain responding and the reinforcing effects of nicotine were blocked by mecamylamine. PMID- 7131293 TI - Inhibitors of phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase. 2. Comparison of nonaromatic analogs of phenylethanolamines, 7,8-dichloro-1,2,3,4 tetrahydroisoquinoline (SKF-64139) and 2,3-dichloro-alpha-methylbenzylamine: effects on rat brain and adrenal catecholamine content and blood pressure. AB - Intraperitoneal injections of the phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase inhibitors 2-cyclohexyl-2-hydroxyethylamine, 1-aminomethylcycloundecanol, 7,8 dichloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline and 2,3-dichloro-alpha-methylbenzylamine all lowered blood pressures in spontaneously hypertensive rats. The drugs did not affect the blood pressures of age-paired normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats or did the drugs alter the heart rates of either animal group. All of the phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase inhibitors tested lowered hypothalamic epinephrine content which in spontaneously hypertensive rats could be correlated with the reduction in blood pressure. These data support the hypothesis that central nervous system epinephrine may play an important role in the regulation of blood pressure and in the genesis and/or maintenance of hypertension. The results also suggest the hypothesis that the blood pressure lowering effects of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase inhibitors may be mediated by their effects on hypothalamic epinephrine content. PMID- 7131296 TI - Effect of calcium concentration on collateral arteries from the hind limb of the dog. AB - Changes in extracellular calcium on collateral arteries were compared with noncollateral branch arteries from the normotensive extremity. Six weeks and 4 months after occlusion of the right superficial femoral artery, a collateral, a segment of branch artery from the opposite extremity and both anterior tibial arteries were removed. Exposure to calcium-free medium rapidly decreased the response of developing collaterals to l-epinephrine (10(-6) M) and initially increased the response by branch arteries. The fast response, dependent on intracellular calcium stores, decreased in collaterals but increased in branch arteries up to 40 min in calcium-free medium. The slow response, which is dependent on extracellular calcium, could not be sustained. Developing collateral and branch arteries responded similarly to [Ca++] 0.2 to 6.0 mM. Fast and slow components were unaffected in developing collaterals by calcium concentration. Fully developed collaterals were more sensitive to the effects of calcium depletion and to high and low calcium concentrations than developing collateral arteries. To evaluate the role of hypotension, anterior tibial arteries exposed to low blood pressure were compared with contralateral normal anterior tibial arteries. No differences were observed at 6 weeks or 4 months. The role of calcium in the response of developing collateral arteries differs from that in similarly sized branch arteries. These differences are not due to the pressure differential. PMID- 7131297 TI - Effects of barbiturates and ethanol on the physical properties of brain membranes. AB - Synaptic plasma membranes (SPM) and myelin were prepared from mouse brain and their physical properties evaluated by fluorescence probes. 1,6,-Diphenyl-1,3,5 hexatriene (DPH) was used as a probe of the membrane core and endogenous tryptophan as a probe of membrane proteins. In vitro addition of pentobarbital or ethanol decreased the fluorescence polarization of DPH in SPM. These decreases were not due to changes in fluorescence lifetime and indicate that both drugs increased the rotation mobility of the probe in the membrane core. This action was shared by other barbiturates and their potencies were correlated with their lipid solubility. In contrast to the effect on SPM, pentobarbital increased the fluorescence polarization of DPH in SPM phospholipids but had little effect on the fluorescence polarization of DPH in a total lipid extract from SPM. Pentobarbital did not affect fluorescence polarization of DPH in myelin. Analysis of the temperature dependence of pentobarbital effects indicated that the initial rigidity of the membranes was one factor determining whether the drug decreased, increased or did not change the membrane fluidity. Pentobarbital decreased the fluorescence intensity of SPM tryptophan, but did not affect the fluorescence of free tryptophan. Ethanol did not alter tryptophan fluorescence. Thus, pentobarbital, but not ethanol, produced a detectable perturbation of synaptic proteins. These results indicate that both pentobarbital and ethanol fluidized the hydrophobic core of the membrane, but pentobarbital differed from ethanol in its action on very fluid lipid domains and on membrane proteins. PMID- 7131298 TI - Selective effects of phenylethylamine on central catecholamines: a comparative study with amphetamine. PMID- 7131301 TI - Rapidly developing functional tolerance to ethanol is accompanied by increased erythrocyte cholesterol in mice. AB - We investigated the time course for development of functional tolerance to the ataxic effects of ethanol in four genetically distinct mouse populations. Two inbred-strains (C57BL/6J and DBA/2J) and two lines of mice (long-sleep and short sleep) selectively bred for differences in acute ethanol sensitivity were used. Mice were injected i.p. with ethanol in doses that produced ataxia and were tested repeatedly for their ability to balance on a wooden rod. When they regained their balance at threshold, brain ethanol levels were measured in some mice and booster injections of ethanol were administered to the remaining animals. This sequence was repeated for five injections, delivering a total of 6 g/kg of ethanol to the final group of animals. Functional tolerance developed in all four populations of mice as evidence by threshold brain ethanol levels that were significantly higher after two or three successive injections than after one injection. The magnitude of tolerance was not increased by practice on the dowel. To investigate whether alterations in membrane lipid composition accompanied this rapid development of tolerance, we used erythrocytes as a model system and measured the cholesterol and phospholipid content of their membranes. The erythrocyte membranes from ethanol-tolerant mice of each population contained more cholesterol than those from controls. The erythrocyte membrane phospholipid content of ethanol-tolerant animals changed only slightly in two populations. PMID- 7131300 TI - Effect of altered disopyramide binding on its pharmacologic response in rabbits. AB - This study was undertaken to determine whether pharmacologic response to disopyramide is related to unbound or to total plasma concentration. Pharmacologic response, measured as changes in QRS duration of the EKG, was determined in rabbits at various steady-state concentrations of disopyramide under normal and altered plasma protein binding conditions. Plasma protein binding was increased by injection of 40 mg/kg of human glycoprotein fraction VI. The concentration-response curve for total concentration was displaced toward higher concentrations after increasing the plasma protein binding of disopyramide. The concentration-response curves obtained for unbound drug with and without the increased binding were superimposable. The displacement of the concentration-response curve for total drug was identical to the increase in concentration of the bound drug in plasma. These results demonstrate that the unbound concentrations of disopyramide in plasma are a better measure of the pharmacologic response than is the total plasma concentration. PMID- 7131299 TI - Presence of histamine and histamine-metabolizing enzyme in rat and guinea-pig microvascular endothelial cells. AB - Purified microvascular endothelial cell preparations from guinea-pig perirenal fat pad, heart ventricles and brain cortex were found to contain high histamine methyltransferase (HMT) activity (4, 3, 4.4 and 1.2 nmol of histamine methylated/hr/mg of protein, respectively). The microvascular cells appeared to be the major source of HMT activity in the whole fat pad but not in heart and brain cortex, where the enzyme was present in other cells. The myocyte, for example, was an additional source of HMT activity (1.0 U/mg of protein) in heart. The same preparations from rat had no detectable HMT activity (less than 0.1 U/mg of protein). In contrast to HMT, the second histamine-metabolizing enzyme, diamine oxidase, was found in the microvascular preparations from both species, usually at much higher activity than the parent tissue. All the endothelial cell preparations contained a small (0.1-0.6 microgram/g of tissue; 10-50 ng/mg of protein) pool of histamine which was resistant to the action of Compound 48/80, although the functional significance of this pool is unclear. Thus, in addition to the presence of serotonin- and catecholamine-degrading enzymes, the microvascular endothelium also contains histamine-inactivating enzymes. PMID- 7131302 TI - Placental transfer and metabolism of 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol-17 beta and estradiol-17 beta in the rhesus monkey. AB - The synthetic estrogen component of many oral contraceptives, 17 alpha ethynylestradiol-17 beta (EE2) and the naturally occurring estrogen, estradiol-17 beta (E2) were studied in four pregnant rhesus monkeys (71% term: 108-121 days gestational age). Under ketamine anesthesia, catheters were implanted in the maternal femoral artery and fetal interplacental artery. After simultaneous i.v. administration of [3H]EE2-[14C]E2 to the maternal animal, serial blood samples were drawn from both mother and fetus. The estrogens and metabolites were identified and quantified by the comigration of radioactivity with reference standards in several high-performance liquid chromatography systems and subsequent selective enzyme hydrolysis of the conjugates. Only estrone (E1), E1 sulfate, EE2 and EE2-3 sulfate were observed in the fetal circulation, whereas the major radiolabeled compounds in the maternal circulation consisted of the above plus E2, E1 glucuronide and EE2-3 glucuronide. In order to determine whether the placenta could convert E2 to its metabolite E1, the placentas of three term rhesus monkeys were perfused in situ via the umbilical artery with 120 ml (15 ml/min) of Hanks' balanced salt solution (pH 7.4) containing [3H]E2. High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of umbilical vein samples revealed that 96% of the E2 was metabolized to E1. These studies indicate that the placenta can metabolize the potent naturally occurring estrogen E2 to the less potent E1. In contrast, the synthetic estrogen EE2 does not undergo this placental metabolic conversion and thus enters the fetal circulation as the parent compound. PMID- 7131303 TI - Arrhythmogenic effects of toxic concentrations of the antiarrhythmic drug lorcainide on the isolated canine ventricle. AB - The effect of the new antiarrhythmic drug lorcainide was studied on the specialized conducting system of isolated canine ventricle. Transmembrane action potentials were recorded simultaneously from three subendocardial sites within the ventricular basis, free wall and apex. At concentrations of 3 x 10(-6) and 2.4 x 10(-5) M, lorcainide caused a dose-dependent decrease in maximum rates of rise and in amplitude of the action potential; 0.6 x 10(-6) M had no significant effect, resting potential and action potential duration remained unchanged with 0.6 x 10(-6) M and 3 x 10(-6) M. The most prominent effect of 2.4 x 10(-6) M lorcainide was the appearance of an increasing notch resulting in clear separation of the action potential in an initial short spike depolarization (50 120 msec) with or without a subsequent plateau depolarization 280-370 msec). Both components demonstrated an independent and inhomogeneous conduction through functionally different pathways. Changes in stimulation rate or premature stimuli resulted in nonstimulated reexcitations resembling bigemini, ventricular tachycardia or regional ventricular fibrillation. The results indicate that dissociation of the action potential in two components is due to toxic alterations of ionic channels of the fiber membrane and that nonstimulated reexcitations are due to reentry via functionally fast and slow pathways. PMID- 7131304 TI - Different patterns of respiratory responses to chemical stimulation of muscle receptors in the rabbit. PMID- 7131305 TI - Effects of 3,4-dihydro-8-(2-hydroxy-3-isopropylaminopropoxy)-3-nitroxy-2H-1 bezopyran (K-351) on smooth muscle cells and neuromuscular transmission in guinea pig vascular tissues. AB - The effects of 3,4-dihydro-8-(2-hydroxy-3-isopropylaminopropoxy)-3-nitroxy-2H-1 benzopyran (K-351) on vascular smooth muscle cells and neuromuscular transmission were investigated by the microelectrode and mechanographic methods using intact and skinned smooth muscles from guinea pigs. K-351 markedly inhibited the norepinephrine-induced contraction and slightly reduced the K-induced contraction in the mesenteric artery, but did not affect the acetylcholine-induced contraction in the coronary artery. K-351 inhibited the contraction evoked by perivascular nerve stimulation to a greater extent than that evoked by exogenously applied norepinephrine in the pulmonary artery. However, these sequences were reversed in the mesenteric artery. In the mesenteric artery, K-351 (6 x 10(-7) M) suppressed and phentolamine (10(-6) M) enhanced the contraction evoked by perivascular nerve stimulation, at frequencies over 1.0 Hz. In the mesenteric artery, K-351 did not affect the spike evoked by an outward current pulse or the spike on the excitatory junction potential; in the portal vein, it did increase spontaneously generated spikes due to depolarization of the membrane. In the skinned mesenteric artery, K-351 did not modify the amplitude of Ca-induced contraction. The excitatory junction potential evoked by perivascular nerve stimulation (0.1-1.0 Hz) was markedly inhibited by K-351 with no effect on the facilitation process, whereas phentolamine enhanced both excitatory junction potentials and the facilitation process. These findings indicate that K-351 inhibited mainly intra- and extrajunctional alpha adrenoceptors and, as the former was not affected by phentolamine or prazosin, the action of this new agent differs from the actions of heretofore available alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonists. PMID- 7131307 TI - Pirmenol hydrochloride (CI-845) and reference antiarrhythmic agents: effects on early ventricular arrhythmias after acute coronary artery ligation in anesthetized rats. AB - The coronary artery-ligated rat was investigated as an experimental model for studying the effects of pirmenol hydrochloride and reference for studying the effects of pirmenol hydrochloride and reference agents on early ventricular arrhythmias. Coronary artery ligation caused 89% lethality (ventricular fibrillation) within 10 min in untreated control rats. Vagal stimulation applied during periods of high-rate ventricular tachycardia reduced sinus, atrioventricular nodal and ventricular ectopic beats, with no uncoupled ectopic beats seen during stimulation. Rats studied with composite epicardial electrodes showed continuous electrical activity throughout diastole. These factors indicate that a reentry mechanism is likely involved. Pretreatment with pirmenol afforded protection in a dose-related fashion. A dose of 1.25 mg/kg increased survival to 58%, and all rats dosed with 2.5 to 10 mg/kg survived. Suppression of ventricular fibrillation was dose related and was complete at 5 mg/kg. The pirmenol plasma levels of 1.2 +/- 0.1 microgram/ml seen after the 5 mg/kg dose are similar to plasma levels seen at clinically effective doses, as well as at doses effective in other experimental arrhythmias. The reference agent quinidine was also highly effective in this model, all rats pretreated with 5 mg/kg survived with reduced premature ventricular beats and without a single episode of ventricular fibrillation or death. Fibrillation and/or death were also reduced by the reference agents, bretylium, lidocaine, propranolol and verapamil. The high efficacy of pirmenol against early ventricular arrhythmias in this study further defines its spectrum of activity, and suggests that pirmenol may be effective in a clinical setting where a reentrant mechanism is operative. PMID- 7131306 TI - Effects of epinephrine on automaticity and the incidence of arrhythmias in Purkinje fibers surviving myocardial infarction. AB - The role of the sympathetic nervous system in the development of late-phase ventricular arrhythmias occurring 24 hr after myocardial infarction was investigated using canine ventricular preparations in vitro. One day after two stage ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery, transmembrane action potentials from subendocardial Purkinje fibers were monitored in noninfarcted (NZ) and infarcted (IZ) zones during Tyrode's superfusion at 37 degrees C. In combined preparations incorporating both NZ and IZ, epinephrine (10(-7)-10(-5)M) produced dose-dependent increases in spontaneous rates of depolarization, slope of phase 4 depolarization and incidence of spontaneous and induced arrhythmias. In particular, premature electrical stimulation induced increased numbers of unstimulated responses or rapid, repetitive depolarizations. These responses to the drug were antagonized by propranolol (10(-6)M) but not phentolamine (10(-7)M). Epinephrine appeared to promote the functional dissociation of conducted impulses often observed in the IZ of combined preparations. In preparations excised from either NZ or IZ alone, epinephrine induced elevated spontaneous firing rates, particularly in the IZ, but no increase in arrhythmias. These data suggest that elevated levels of beta adrenergic receptor stimulation 24 hr after myocardial infarction may increase ventricular vulnerability to arrhythmias arising through enhanced automaticity or reentry. PMID- 7131308 TI - The role of mechanical and hormonal stimuli on uterine involution in the rat. AB - 1. Distension of part of the uterus of the rat after parturition by an inert material ('Silgel') prevented involution, as measured by change in collagen content and weight in the distended part. The other parts of the uterus, those emptied at parturition, involuted at the normal rate. 2. Removal of the distending material four days after parturition was followed by involution (measured in the same way) in this part of the uterus. 3. Removal of all fetal material from one horn before the end of pregnancy (at day 19) was followed by involution, but at a slower rate than after normal term. Bilateral ovariectomy at the same time as removal of fetuses increased the rate of this involution, but it was still slower than at normal term. 4. Ovariectomy alone on day 19 had no effect on subsequent changes in the uterus; weight and collagen content then followed the normal course to term. 5. It is concluded that mechanical factors associated with the presence of material within the uterine cavity play a preponderant role in maintaining the uterine wall, though hormonal factors can affect its reaction to a lesser extent. PMID- 7131309 TI - Feed-forward dendritic inhibition in rat hippocampal pyramidal cells studied in vitro. AB - 1. Intracellular recordings from CA1 pyramidal cells in the rat hippocampal slice preparation have been used to study the neuronal pathways involved in hippocampal synaptic inhibition.2. When direct comparisons are made in a single pyramidal cell, orthodromic stimulation delivered to stratum (s.) radiatum in normal recording conditions is found to be more effective than antidromic stimulation in producing inhibitory post-synaptic potentials (i.p.s.p.s).3. Orthodromic i.p.s.p.s in normal conditions appear to be complex, multiphasic events, whereas antidromic i.p.s.p.s are relatively simple. The orthodromic i.p.s.p. involves both a GABA-mediated dendritic component and a non-GABA-mediated component neither of which is activated by antidromic stimulation.4. Barbiturates induce a late depolarizing phase of the orthodromic response, a ;depolarizing i.p.s.p.', which is mediated by GABA. The depolarizing i.p.s.p. is not produced by antidromic stimulation.5. Injections of tetrodotoxin and bicuculline methiodide localized to either somatic or apical dendritic regions reveal that the depolarizing i.p.s.p. is produced by GABA released from neuronal elements in the dendritic field which acts on pyramidal cell dendrites.6. The depolarizing i.p.s.p. is strongly temperature-dependent and increases in amplitude and duration progressively as slices are cooled from 37 to 22 degrees C.7. Depolarizing i.p.s.p.s can be produced by orthodromic stimulation in s. oriens as well as in s. radiatum. In each case the depolarizing i.p.s.p.s appear localized to the dendrites in the field stimulated.8. We conclude that the depolarizing i.p.s.p. evident in the presence of barbiturates is caused by the same synaptic release of GABA which in normal conditions produces hyperpolarizing dendritic i.p.s.p.s.9. Numerous comparisons between orthodromic and antidromic stimulation indicate that dendritic i.p.s.p.s are activated by feed-forward pathways. PMID- 7131311 TI - Cholinergic and catecholaminergic receptors in the Xenopus oocyte membrane. AB - 1. Neurotransmitter-receptors in the membrane of Xenopus oocytes have been studied using electrophysiological techniques. Neurotransmitters and related agents were applied while recording either membrane potential or membrane current. The majority of ovarian oocytes used were at stages IV and V.2. Three types of oocytes were examined: inner ovarian epithelium covered (e.c.) oocytes; epithelium manually removed (e.r.) oocytes; and collagenase treated (c.t.) ooctyes.3. Ovarian oocytes are sensitive to some cholinergic and catecholaminergic agents. Responses to serotonin were seldom observed and when present were much weaker than responses to other agents. No responses were observed to the amino acids: aspartate, glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and glycine; or to octopamine and histamine.4. Acetylcholine (ACh) usually depolarized the membrane, in a dose-dependent manner, with threshold concentrations as low as 10(-9)m. The ACh-potential was due to an increase in Cl permeability and had a reversal potential around - 19 mV. The intracellular Cl ion activity, measured with a Cl-ion sensitive micro-electrode, was about 65 mm and the estimated Cl-ion equilibrium potential, E(Cl), agreed with the reversal potential of the ACh-potential.5. Curare (10(-4)m), tetrodotoxin (10(-6)m), or alpha-bungarotoxin (10(-6) g/ml.) did not block the response to 10(-6)m-ACh; whereas atropine (10(-7)m) blocked it. No response to nicotinic agents (e.g. nicotine, 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium) was observed. These results suggest that the ACh receptors in the oocyte membrane are muscarinic in nature.6. The apparent latency of the ACh potential, examined by ionophoretic application of ACh to e.r. oocytes and c.t. oocytes, ranged from 0.5 sec to over 20 sec. Intracellular injection of ACh was without effect.7. Responses to catecholamines were observed mostly in e.c. oocytes; while in e.r. and c.t. oocytes they were rare and of very small amplitudes.8. The usual response to both dopamine and (-) epinephrine was a transient hyperpolarization manifested by an initial increase in K-permeability followed by a decrease. The latency of these responses ranged from 10 sec to over 30 sec and their reversal potential was nearly - 100 mV, which coincided with E(K).9. Oocytes responded to the beta-adrenergic receptor agonist, isoproterenol, as well as (-)-epinephrine. Pre-treatment with the beta adrenergic receptor blocker, propranolol, abolished the response to both (-) epinephrine and (-)-isoproterenol. The dopamine potential was also reduced considerably. Both the alpha-adrenergic receptor agonist, phenylephrine, and the alpha-adrenergic receptor blocker, phentolamine, were without effect.10. Maturation of the oocytes, induced in vivo by gonadotropin or in vitro by progesterone, led to loss of responsiveness to both cholinergic and catecholaminergic agents. PMID- 7131310 TI - Pharmacological evidence for two kinds of GABA receptor on rat hippocampal pyramidal cells studied in vitro. AB - 1. The rat hippocampal slice preparation has been used in conjunction with intracellular recording and ionophoresis to study the action of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) on CA1 pyramidal cells.2. GABA elicits a hyperpolarizing (h.) response at the soma. The reversal potential of this h. response is the same as for inhibitory post-synaptic potentials (i.p.s.p.s) evoked by stimulating pyramidal cell axons.3. GABA elicits primarily depolarizing (d.) responses when applied to the apical dendrites, but h. responses can also be found.4. The GABA antagonists bicuculline methiodide, picrotoxin, penicillin, and pentylenetetrazole are all ten to one hundred times more potent on the d. response than on the h. response. Hyperpolarizing responses are uncovered in the dendrites when intermediate doses of these drugs block the d. response.5. The GABA analogue, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo [5,4-c]pyridine-3-ol (THIP), which has been proposed to activate synaptic receptors preferentially in other systems, elicits h. responses in the dendrites. It is one seventh as potent as GABA in eliciting d. responses.6. Pentobarbitone enhances d. responses to a much greater extent than h. responses, while diazepam enhances h. responses to a greater extent.7. Nipecotic acid, low temperature, and low sodium media all increase the size of d. responses to ionophoretically applied GABA indicating that an active uptake process limits their size.8. We conclude that h. responses reflect the activation of synaptic receptors which are highly concentrated on the pyramidal cell soma-initial segment, but are also present on the dendrites. Depolarizing responses, which are evoked in the dendrites, reflect the activation of extrasynaptic receptors.9. We propose that an ordinarily undetectable amount of synaptically released GABA can ;spill' over onto extrasynaptic (d.) receptors. Depolarizing receptor activation can be detected in the presence of pentobarbitone. Spillover is markedly enhanced at subphysiological temperatures presumably due to enhanced release of GABA and impairment of the GABA uptake system. PMID- 7131313 TI - Extrinsic innervation of the canine abdominal vena cava and the origin of cholinergic vasoconstrictor nerves. AB - 1. The effects of electrical stimulation of the greater splanchnic nerve and the vagus nerve on the middle segment of the inferior vena cava (i.v.c.) were studied in anaesthetized and unilaterally or bilaterally adrenalectomized dogs. The vascular response of the segment was measured as the change in pressure of an intravascular cuff inserted into the lumen of the segment.2. Electrical stimulation of the greater splanchnic nerve of either side caused an increase in the tension of the vein with a delay of less than 3 sec. The tension increased with frequency of stimulation until it reached a maximum at the frequency of 32 Hz. The maximum tension development was consistently larger, by a factor of about two, when the right greater splanchnic nerve was stimulated than when the left was. It seems that the right greater splanchnic nerve supplies more sympathetic nerve fibres to the middle segment of the i.v.c. than does the left.3. The response to electrical stimulation of the right or left greater splanchnic nerve was markedly reduced by phentolamine or hexamethonium. The response remaining after treatment with phentolamine or hexamethonium was augmented by neostigmine and diminished by atropine.4. The electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve elicited no response of the vein before and after treatment with neostigmine.5. The effects of electrical stimulation of the right greater splanchnic nerve were further confirmed by a preparation in which the middle segment of the i.v.c. was perfused with Krebs solution in situ. The relation between the frequency of stimulation and the magnitude of the response was almost the same as in the in vivo experiments.6. It was also confirmed in the perfused preparation that the response to electrical stimulation of the right greater splanchnic nerve was reduced by phentolamine and the remaining response was augmented by neostigmine and abolished by atropine.7. Our data show that the middle segment of the canine i.v.c. receives both adrenergic and cholinergic excitatory innervation, preferentially via the right greater splanchnic nerve.8. The infrarenal segment of the i.v.c. was also examined in the in vivo experiment, in which it was shown that this segment received much clearer dominant innervation of the right greater splanchnic nerve.9. The infrarenal segment of the i.v.c. is also supplied with excitatory adrenergic fibres and, in some cases, with the cholinergic ones from the right greater splanchnic nerve. PMID- 7131312 TI - Response latency of brisk-sustained (X) and brisk-transient (Y) cells in the cat retina. AB - 1. Several methods for evaluating light-evoked response latency and its variability in brisk-sustained (X) and brisk-transient (Y) retinal ganglion cells were tested. The most accurate procedure proved to be that described by Levick (1973), in which the time of the occurrence of the fourth impulse after stimulus onset is taken as an estimate of the latency.2. The shortest response latencies are obtained when the stimuli are the same size as the receptive field centre. At medium and high response amplitudes (> 150 impulses/sec) the response of brisk transient (Y) cells to these optimal stimuli is 10-15 msec faster than that of adjacent brisk-sustained (X) cells.3. The response latency of brisk-sustained (X) cells for stimuli larger than the receptive field centre increases, whereas that of brisk-transient (Y) cells remains constant. Brisk-sustained (X) cells respond faster than do brisk-transient (Y) cells to stimuli smaller than the receptive field centre.4. No systematic difference exists between brisk-sustained (X) and brisk-transient (Y) cells in regard to the temporal variability of the response. The standard deviation of the latency for stimuli of optimal size decreases from 2.0-8.0 msec at medium stimulus contrast to 0.6-2.0 msec at high stimulus contrast.5. The response of OFF-centre cells to the disappearance of a light spot is always slower than that of an ON-centre cell of the same class to the onset of this stimulus. However, when OFF-centre cells are stimulated with dark spots, their response latency does not differ from that of ON-centre cells of the same class.6. No simple relationship exists between the response latency and the response amplitude. At medium and high discharge rates, most brisk-transient (Y) cells respond faster than an adjacent brisk-sustained (X) cell with equal response. At the same response amplitude, the latencies become shorter as the background illumination is raised. The same discharge rate can be obtained with stimuli of sub-optimal and supra-optimal size, but the latency for the larger stimulus is shorter than that for the smaller one. Latency, therefore, is an additional parameter characterizing the light-evoked response. PMID- 7131314 TI - Transport specificity for neutral and basic amino acids at maternal and fetal interfaces of the guinea-pig placenta. AB - 1. The unidirectional influx of amino acids into the guinea-pig syncytiotrophoblast was measured using a single circulation paired-tracer dilution technique which allows separate characterization of both fetal and maternal interfaces. An in situ preparation perfused through the fetal circulation was used to examine the fetal side, while an isolated preparation perfused through both the fetal and maternal circulations was used to study both interfaces simultaneously.2. On the fetal side the maximal uptake (U(max)) determined at tracer concentrations was high for the short-chain neutral amino acid alanine (76%) and the long-chain neutrals, leucine (75%), phenylalanine (90%) and tyrosine (82%) and for the basic amino acid lysine (65%). In contrast, U(max) was negligible for alpha-methylaminoisobutyric acid and taurine, a beta amino acid.3. The uptake of alanine and phenylalanine on the fetal side was inhibited by both short-chain (alanine, serine, cysteine) and long-chain (phenylalanine, methionine, leucine) neutral amino acids. d-alanine had no effect on l-alanine uptake whereas d-phenylalanine significantly inhibited that of l phenylalanine. Diaminobutyric acid, lysine and arginine were effective inhibitors of alanine uptake but had no effect on phenylalanine uptake.4. On the maternal side uptake of alanine, phenylalanine and lysine was measured. Over a wide range of concentrations self-inhibition of alanine influx was similar to the cross inhibition observed with phenylalanine. In contrast, the influx of phenylalanine, which was strongly self-inhibited, was only partially cross-inhibited by alanine.5. Influx of alanine and phenylalanine was measured at various perfusate concentrations and was found to be saturable on both maternal and fetal sides. The data were fitted to a single hyperbola and, on the maternal side, the K(m) for alanine (10.3+/-2.7 mm, mean+/-s.e., n = 3) was three-fold higher than the value measured for phenylalanine (3.1+/-0.8 mm). On the fetal side the K(m) values for alanine (8.4+/-1.4 mm, n = 4) and phenylalanine (11.9+/-1.9 mm, n = 3) were similar.6. The uptake of alanine, phenylalanine and lysine appeared to be highly sodium-dependent accounting for 40-70% of the total influx. However, the inhibited fractions were found to be different on the two sides of the placenta.7. The results of uptake, cross-inhibition and Na(+)-dependency experiments suggest the presence of an alanine-serine-cysteine (ASC) type system and a leucine (L) type system with markedly overlapping specificities at both the fetal and maternal interfaces. Separate kinetic characterization of a two carrier system was not possible under the conditions of these experiments. However, kinetic parameters for the over-all transport of alanine and phenylalanine were measured. PMID- 7131316 TI - On the pyrogenic action of intravenous lipid A in rabbits. AB - 1. Previous evidence purporting to show that lipid A is the pyrogenic moiety of endotoxin is demonstrably inconclusive. 2. We have extracted lipid A from endotoxin of Salmonella typhosa and tested the pyrogenic action of the lipid A, the residual polysaccharide and the parent endotoxin, by intravenous injection in conscious rabbits. 3. Lipid A dissolved in an aqueous solution of rabbit serum albumin induced a significant pyrexia of short latency, while neither rabbit serum albumin alone, nor the polysaccharide from S. typhosa, affected body temperature. The physical presence in the injectate of the polysaccharide from S. typhosa did not enhance the pyrogenicity of the lipid. 4. Dose-response curves for lipid A and the parent endotoxin, over the dose range 10 ng-20 micrograms, showed that lipid A incorporated in endotoxin was much more pyrogenic than pure lipid A in solution. When separated from the polysaccharide component of endotoxin, lipid A lost more than 99.9% of its pyrogenic activity, at threshold doses. PMID- 7131315 TI - The properties of single cones isolated from the tiger salamander retina. AB - 1. The properties of isolated single cones were studied using the voltage-clamp technique, with two micro-electrodes inserted under visual control.2. Single cones had input resistances, when impaled with two electrodes, of up to 270 MOmega. This is probably lower than the true membrane resistance, because of damage by the impaling electrodes. The cone capacitance was about 85 pF.3. The cone membrane contains a time-dependent current, I(B), controlled by voltage, and a separate photosensitive current.4. The gated current, I(B), is an inward current with a reversal potential around -25 mV. It is activated by hyperpolarization over the range -30 to -80 mV, and at constant voltage obeys first order (exponential) kinetics. The gating time constant is typically 50 ms at the resting potential of -45 mV, rises to 170 ms at -70 mV, and decreases for further hyperpolarization.5. The spectral sensitivity curve of the cone light response peaks at 620 nm wave-length, and is narrower than the nomogram for vitamin A(2)-based pigments. The light responses of isolated cones are spectrally univariant.6. Voltage-clamped photocurrents were recorded at various membrane potentials, for light steps of various intensities. The photocurrent reversed at around -8 mV. The time course of the photocurrent, for a given intensity, was approximately independent of voltage (although its magnitude was voltage dependent). The shape of the peak current-voltage relation of the light-sensitive current was independent of light intensity (although its magnitude was intensity dependent).7. These results can be explained if: (a) light simply changes the number of photosensitive channels open, without altering the properties of an open channel; (b) the reactions controlling the production of internal transmitter, the binding of internal transmitter to the photosensitive channels, and the closing and opening of the channels are unaffected by the electric field in the cone membrane, even though at least some of these reactions take place in the membrane.8. I(B) plays only a small role in shaping the cone voltage response to light. PMID- 7131317 TI - Energy expenditure of 'cafeteria'-fed rats determined from measurements of energy balance and indirect calorimetry. AB - 1. Energy expenditure was determined in rats fed a standard laboratory diet or a varied and palatable 'cafeteria' diet, from metabolizable energy intake and body energy gain over a 15 d experiment. This was compared with measurements of oxygen consumption (Vo2) made over 24 h during the first and second weeks of the experiment. 2. Metabolizable energy intake was elevated by 50% in 'cafeteria'-fed rats and these animals gained more weight and had a higher body fat content than stock-fed controls. Energy expenditure derived from these measurements was 45% higher in the 'cafeteria' group, and the net efficiency for energy gain was significantly reduced. 3. Vo2 was increased by 45% in the 'cafeteria' group and the daily energy expenditure, estimated from Vo2, was identical to that derived from the energy balance for controls, and differed by only 3% for the 'cafeteria' group. 4. These results confirm the high levels of diet-induced thermogenesis previously seen in hyperphagic, 'cafeteria'-fed rats and reaffirm the validity of the carcass balance method for estimating energy expenditure. PMID- 7131318 TI - An electrophysiological study of somatic and visceral convergence in the reflex control of the external sphincters. AB - 1. Mass wave and single unit discharges have been recorded from pudendal efferents innervating the external anal and urethral sphincters in chloralose anaesthetized or decerebrate cats.2. Reflex discharges in these neurones were elicited by electrical stimulation of the contralateral pudendal nerve, the posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh, or the vesical or colonic branches of the pelvic nerve. The latencies of the evoked responses were 5.5-20 msec. The vesical branches of the pelvic nerve produced discharges less consistently than the other nerves.3. Irrespective of whether afferent stimulation produced an early evoked response there was always a prolonged period of depression of pudendal nerve excitability following the stimulus. Condition-test interactions showed that this depression began within 50 msec of the stimulus and that its duration varied between 150 and 2500 msec in single units, with a modal value of 500 msec.4. No evoked response or depression of excitability was seen when afferents in the hypogastric or lumbar colonic nerves were stimulated.5. Increasing intravesical or intracolonic pressure, within physiological limits, produced a graded reduction in the size of evoked discharges.6. Short trains of stimuli (four shocks in 20 msec) applied to the raphe nucleus, were capable of inhibiting test responses in pudendal efferents for periods of up to 800 msec.7. The possible functional roles of two groups of sphincteric reflex interneurones, with either excitatory or inhibitory receptive fields, are discussed. PMID- 7131319 TI - Pressure-volume relationships above and below atmospheric pressure in the synovial cavity of the rabbit knee. AB - 1. The pressure-volume relationship in the synovial cavity of the rabbit knee was investigated by the infusion of a non-absorbable oil into the cavity. 2. The pressure (P)-volume (V) curve was sigmoid. Its slope dP/dV (elastance) was steep at subatmospheric, physiological pressures, least steep at 5 cm H2O, and steepened progressively at higher, pathological pressures. 3. Elastance dP/dV was a good approximation to linear functions of P below atmospheric pressure and above 5 cm H2O. Each part of the pressure-volume relationship could therefore be described by an exponential expression. 4. Flexion of the joint increased pressure at a given volume. This was mainly due to steepening of the pressure volume curve, and also partly due to a shift towards the pressure axis. 5. Pressure-volume curves determined by the infusion of normal saline or Krebs solution were grossly distorted, because these fluids were absorbed across the permeable synovium. 6. The physiological significance of the synovial pressure volume curve is discussed, and mechanical explanations of the curve are suggested. PMID- 7131320 TI - Forestomach motility in the chronically vagotomized sheep. AB - 1. The motility of the reticulo-rumen and omasum in conscious sheep was studied by electromyography from chronically implanted nichrome wire electrodes. The sheep were subjected to vagotomy and were maintained totally by intragastric infusion of liquid nutrients before and after vagotomy. Before vagotomy the motility of the forestomach was essentially similar to that seen in roughage-fed sheep.2. Bilateral thoracic vagotomy transiently abolished all electrical activity of the reticulo-rumen and omasum, but within 1 day some activity returned. Frequent periods of rhythmic local small group discharges were seen over the reticulo-rumen, while the omasum showed prolonged (1-5 min) bursts of mainly slow wave activity.3. Within 1-2 weeks of vagotomy strong contractions of the reticulo-rumen were visible by radiography. Electromyographically, they comprised a rhythmic series of some two to five large group discharges recurring approximately once a minute. Each series of activity was separated from the next by a short period of quiescence. The discharges occurred almost simultaneously over the whole reticulo-rumen and so contrasted with the progressive forward or backward spread of activity seen in the intact animal. The bursts of activity in the omasum, lasting 0.5-2 min, were not co-ordinated with the activity of the reticulo-rumen as they are in the intact animal.4. The activity in the reticulo rumen and omasum was not affected by bilateral section of the splanchnic nerves and removal of the coeliaco-mesenteric ganglia. Reticulo-rumen but not omasal activity was abolished by atropine (0.1 mg/kg) or hexamethonium (2 mg/kg), while both were stimulated by pentagastrin (3 mug/kg).5. Following vagotomy reticulo rumen motility was no longer influenced by feeding, or by tactile stimulation of the buccal cavity or oesophagus. Severe distension of the abomasum caused a slight acceleration of the motility rhythm compared to the inhibition seen before vagotomy.6. It is concluded that the reticulo-rumen motility observed after vagotomy is an intrinsic cholinergic motility which is dependent upon the activity of the myenteric plexus. The motility of the omasum after vagotomy is similar to that seen in the intact animal and differs from that of the rumen in that it appears not to depend wholly upon cholinergic control. PMID- 7131321 TI - Spontaneous and evoked excitatory junction potentials in rat tail arteries. AB - 1. The frequency, amplitude and time course of spontaneous excitatory junction potentials (s.e.j.p.s) and their relationship to the time course and amplitude of evoked excitatory junction potentials (e.j.p.s) were examined. 2. The frequency and amplitude of s.e.j.p.s varied dramatically between cells. There was good correlation between their rise and decay times. 3. The amplitude and time course of e.j.p.s also varied between cells. E.j.p.s with large amplitudes and fast time courses were recorded in cells with high s.e.j.p. frequencies. 4. Active responses propagated only for very limited distances. 5. The frequency of s.e.j.p.s decreased after reserpine and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) treatments, suggesting that s.e.j.p.s were related to spontaneous release of noradrenaline from nerve terminals. PMID- 7131322 TI - Local effects of bleaching in retinal rods of the toad. AB - 1. Suction electrode recordings were used to study the recovery of responsiveness in single toad rods after bleaching a small fraction (less than 5%) of the rhodopsin. 2. After a spatially uniform bleach that initially abolished the dark current over the entire length of the outer segment, the more proximal regions recovered faster than the more distal regions. For a time the most basal region was almost fully recovered while the tip remained fully saturated. 3. Such a gradient of responsiveness did not occur during uniform steady background illumination of dark-adapted cells. 4. The entire outer segment recovered uniformly after a longitudinally graded bleach that simulated the pattern produced by self-screening in the intact eye. 5. The recovery of the distal end of the outer segment was not affected by a bleach at the proximal end. This suggests that the differences in recovery rate reflect intrinsic local properties of the outer segment rather than longitudinal diffusion of a substance from the inner segment. 6. For at least the first 3 min after bleaching with a narrow transverse slit the reduction of responsiveness remained most pronounced in the bleached region, suggesting that this effect of bleaching does not spread extensively. 7. The increased noise induced by bleaching is shown to originate locally in the bleached region of outer segment. 8. When the tip was locally saturated after a bleach or during steady light, the current recorded from the tip was predominantly capacitive, resulting from intracellular voltage change. This indicates that when the dark current is abolished the outer segment plasma membrane has negligible leakage conductance. PMID- 7131323 TI - Interstitial space of mouse skeletal muscle. AB - 1. A new preparation of mouse skeletal muscle, prepared from pectoral muscles, is described.2. The sorbitol space of this muscle, both in vivo and in vitro, has been measured with dynamic loading of the muscle in vitro as an experimental variable.3. The Na(+) and K(+) contents of the muscle have been determined and the apparent intracellular concentration for these ions calculated both in vivo and after incubation in vitro.4. Histological studies on the incubated muscle have been made so as to permit comparison of the changes in the chemical measurements with changes in the ultrastructure of the muscle.5. The results of these experiments show that there is an increase in the apparent extracellular space of the muscle following incubation. This increase is constant, and independent of the load, with the important exception that unloaded muscles do not reach an equilibrium during the period of incubation and have a much greater apparent extracellular space.6. Intracellular Na(+) and K(+) concentrations are consistent with the sorbitol being restricted to an extracellular phase in the loaded muscle; but the evidence implies that sorbitol in the unloaded muscle penetrates into a space from which Na(+) is excluded.7. The total water content of the muscle per unit weight is unchanged by incubation, indicating that the apparent change in sorbitol space is in the ratio of intracellular space to extracellular space rather than by addition of water to the extracellular space. The significance of these results is discussed with reference to the use of such preparations for in vitro studies. PMID- 7131324 TI - Quantitative measurements of centrally and retinally generated saccadic suppression in a locust movement detector neurone. AB - 1. Chronic recordings from tethered but otherwise freely moving locusts demonstrate that the response of the descending contralateral movement detector (d.c.m.d.) neurone, an identified visual interneurone of the brain, is greatly reduced during the performance of saccades. 2. The reduction in the response of the d.c.m.d. is effected by both a centrally generated corollary discharge and the changing contrast of the image of the visual background on the retina. 3. The corollary discharge that is concomitant with a saccade reduces the d.c.m.d. response by 0 . 94 log units, and this reduction is independent of contrast frequency. 4. Changing contrast produced by relative motion of eye and background reduces the sensitivity of the d.c.m.d. neurone by 0 . 16 log units for each 10 fold increase in contrast frequency. This retinally generated reduction in sensitivity is not significantly different whether the locust performs saccades or is fixating with the visual background passively moved. The maximal reduction in the d.c.m.d. response by retinal sources is 0 . 45 log units. 5. Proprioceptive reafference does not contribute significantly to saccadic suppression of the response of the d.c.m.d. neurone. PMID- 7131325 TI - Control of evaporative heat loss during changes in plasma osmolality in the cat. AB - 1. The effects of intravenous infusion of hypertonic saline and distilled water into normally hydrated and dehydrated cats have been examined at both high and neutral ambient temperatures.2. In hydrated cats measurements of body temperature (T(b)) and evaporative heat loss (e.h.l.) show that infusion of 30% saline (1.5 ml./kg) at an ambient temperature of 38 degrees C, lowers e.h.l. by an average of 0.21 W/kg (P < 0.001) and elevates T(b) by 0.43 degrees C (P < 0.01).3. At 25 degrees C alterations in these two parameters were in the same direction, though not statistically different from pre-infusion levels (P > 0.05).4. Infusion of distilled water (15 ml./kg) into dehydrated animals produced significant increases in e.h.l. (+0.35 W/kg, P < 0.001) and reductions in T(b) (-0.45 degrees C, P < 0.001) at 38 degrees C. No significant effects were observed at 25 degrees C.5. Infusion of water into normally hydrated animals at 38 degrees C also significantly increased e.h.l. (+0.13 W/kg, P < 0.05) and insignificantly lowered T(b) (-0.03 degrees C, P > 0.05).6. Local heating of the preoptic hypothalamic area in four animals indicated that hypertonic saline infusion into normally hydrated animals caused a reduction in the slope and displacement to the right of the relationship between hypothalamic temperature and e.h.l.7. Conversely, water infusion into dehydrated animals increased the slope and shifted this relationship to the left.8. These experiments provide evidence for an osmotic interaction in body temperature regulation which acts to alter the responsiveness of the hypothalamus to increasing temperature. This osmotic component may be an important factor in the alterations in thermoregulation seen in dehydrated animals. PMID- 7131327 TI - Phenylalanine transport in guinea pig jejunum. A general mechanism for organic solute and sodium cotransport. AB - 1. Sodium-dependent phenylalanine transport by guinea pig jejunum exhibits apparently pure K-type activation kinetics where Vmaxs is constant but KT decreases as [Na+] increases. At 0, 3 and 6 mM sodium, however, the results deviate from the expected hyperbolic kinetics and give a plateau. 2. This finding is interpreted in terms of the hypothesis that the outer face of the brush border membrane contains enough Na+ to support amino acid and Na+ cotransport at essentially maximal rates, even after preincubation of the tissues in vitro for several minutes in sodium-free buffers. 3. Sodium could move dynamically into this region from tissue stores and across the paracellular pathway. Passage of NaCl directly across the brush border also seems possible by reversal of the (neutral) Na+ and Cl- cotransport system. 4. To reconcile contradictory observations obtained in different laboratories, either with intact-epithelium preparations or with isolated brush border membrane vesicles, we include a theoretical analysis of the kinetics of organic solute and Na+ cotransport. For simplicity, this analysis is limited to cases of 1/2 stoichiometry and to neutral organic solutes such as sugars and monoamino-monocarboxylic amino acids. 5. Cotransport is explained in terms of a general, allosteric mechanism involving one site for S and another for Na+. There is no preferential order for binding, but only the ternary complex S-carrier-Na+ can translocate at quantitatively significant rates (obligatory activation kinetics). Since Na+ crosses the membrane as the free cation, under physiological conditions (inside-negative membrane potential) it will move towards its position of electrical equilibrium, hence unidirectionally. This explains why, with intact-tissue preparations, solute influx exhibits Michaelis-Menten kinetics. 6. By definition, cotransport kinetics are mixed type and involve effects on both KT and Vmaxs. Macroscopic deviations from this expected behaviour can be explained in terms of quantitative differences in the values of certain dissociation constants, all within the framework of the same general mechanism. Thus, apparently pure K-type activation kinetics will be seen when both the absolute value of the constant, K'a, and the ratio between constants, Ka/Ks, are small. The reciprocal situation will be true for systems exhibiting apparently pure V-type activation kinetics. PMID- 7131326 TI - Neural encoding of input transients investigated by intracellular injection of ramp currents in cat alpha-motoneurones. AB - 1. Input-output relations were analysed in spinal alpha-motoneurones during current transients reaching a steady level after a linear growth of different slopes. The motoneurone output considered in the analysis was the instantaneous frequency of the cell discharge.2. In all motoneurones firing frequency during the ramp exceeded that of the final steady level and it was related to the velocity of rise of the current. In the majority of motoneurones the instantaneous frequency grew during the ramp stimulus, as if it were dependent on current intensity as well as on its rate of rise. Only in a few cells was firing frequency constant over the first two interspike intervals during the ramp, as would be expected if this response depended solely on the rate of rise.3. Frequency-velocity (f/v) plots for different rates of rise of the injected current showed a linear relation for each interspike interval. Presence or absence of an intensity component was revealed in these plots by divergence or, respectively, overlapping of the f/v relations for the first and second intervals. Divergence was eliminated by subtraction of the estimated intensity component. The slope of the f/v relation for the first interval did not change significantly after subtraction of the intensity component and was taken as an index of the dynamic sensitivity of the motoneurones. The slope of the f/v relation varied greatly (from 47 to 330 impulses s(-1). (nA ms(-1))(-1)) in the population examined and was higher in motoneurones with a long-lasting afterhyperpolarization (a.h.p.) than in those where it was short-lasting.4. It is proposed that the ability of the motoneurones to encode both the steady level and the rate of change of input signals depends on the conductance changes responsible for the a.h.p. and their accumulation. A positive correlation was found between the size of the a.h.p. potassium current, estimated as a.h.p. peak voltage/cell input resistance, and the slope of the f/v relation for the first interval. PMID- 7131328 TI - Postnatal development of sympathetic innervation of rat brown adipose tissue reevaluated with a method allowing for monitoring flavoprotein redox state. AB - 1. A reflection spectrometric method was developed which allowed the simultaneous measurement of flavoprotein absorption and fluorescence on an in vitro preparation of brown adipose tissue. 2. From their spectral characteristics and from the effects of substrates and a metabolic inhibitor (amytal) it was shown that the absorption and fluorescence signals are associated with different flavoproteins. 3. The fluorescence signal is mainly due to changes in the redox state of NADH dehydrogenase, and the absorption signal to changes in redox state of he flavoproteins in the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase pathway. 4. The results suggest that changes in the flavoprotein redox state in response to electrical nerve stimulation, exogenous norepinephrine and substrate addition reflect changes in the metabolic activity of the tissue. These responses were studied in the postnatal period. 5. The amplitude of the tissue response to either nerve stimulation or norepinephrine administration is already maximal at birth and decreases in animals 50 days old. The frequency of nerve stimulation of the concentration of norepinephrine required to produce a half maximum response is significantly higher for the new-born as compared to 13 day and 50 day old animals. 6. For small stimulation intensities a steady state oxidation of the NADH dehydrogenase concomitant with a steady state reduction of the flavoproteins in the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase pathway was recorded. 7. It is concluded that in rats less than 12 hours old, brown adipose tissue is functionally innervated although previous histochemical studies had failed to detect nerve terminals containing catecholamines at this early age. PMID- 7131329 TI - Laminar distribution and convergence of deep and superficial peripheral inputs in the forelimb representation of rat SI somatosensory cortex. AB - The laminar distribution of single unit responses to stimulation of peripheral nerves (deep and superficial radial nerves) or to stimulation of peripheral receptive fields has been studied in the forelimb representation of the first somatic sensory cortex (SI) of the rat. 1. Under both conditions the majority of the responding units was located in layers IV, V and VI of the cortical area containing dense neuronal aggregates in layer IV. 2. Following electrical stimulation of the deep radial nerve (DRN) and of the superficial radial nerve (SRN), 18.9% of the neurons were observed to receive convergent inputs from both nerves. 3. Following natural stimulation of the forelimb, no evidence of convergent inputs on single neurons was obtained. 4. There was no clear submodality segregation in the receptive fields observed during vertical penetration. PMID- 7131331 TI - [Plasma cholesterol distribution in the intestinal villus of the rat]. AB - 1. The distribution of plasma cholesterol in the various tissues of the rat intestine and in the epithelial cells localized at the different levels of the villus was investigated. Isotropic equilibrium and isotopic infusion or pulse were performed and analyzed by biochemical and radioautographical techniques. 2. The plasma cholesterol exchanges 55% of the total cholesterol in the epithelium and more (80%) in the core of the villus. The flow of plasma cholesterol through the epithelial basal membrane is lower than through the capillary membrane, but, it does not depend on the localization of the epithelial cell in the intestine (jejunum or ileum) or on the villus (crypt or top). 3. These results suggest the existence of fast intercellular cholesterol exchanges through the lateral membranes and heterogeneity of synthetic and plasma cholesterol within the epithelial cell. PMID- 7131330 TI - [Respiratory thermal exchanges in man as a function of inspired gas temperature]. AB - 1. Measurements of respiratory water vapor loses (MEH20) and of respiratory evaporative (WEV) and convective (WCV) heat losses were made on four of five subjects at three levels of inspired gas temperatures (T1): 10 degrees C, 22 degrees C, 40 degrees C, and at almost constant water vapour pressure (8.5 to 11 torrs). For T1 = 22 degrees C and P1H20 = 8.5 torrs, the mean value of MEH20 is 29.5 +/- 1.6 mg of water per dm3 of ventilated gas (BTPS), while the values of WEV and WCV are respectively 8.1 +/- 1.9 watts and 1.6 +/- 0.4 watts. 2. When T1 increases, MEH20 and WEV increases and WCV decreases. Results show that WCV changes in sign and becomes a thermal gain when T1 is higher than core temperature. The total respiratory heat drain, convective plus evaporative, involved of the conditioning of respiratory gases is a small part of the total body heat balance (approximately 15%). However this heat drain which slowly decreases when T1 increases, represents the largest energy expenditure of the human organism in respiratory function. PMID- 7131332 TI - [Maximal oxygen uptake in French children in relation to age, sex and physical training]. AB - 1. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) was determined in 451 boys and girls ranging from 11 to 16 years and divided in two groups. Group I (n = 287) was considered as an untrained reference group. Group II (n = 174) was regularly trained. This group concerned school-children affiliated to a swimming club and trained 5 to 10 h per week. Body growth is nearly the same in the two groups until puberty but, at 15-16 years in the boys, 14-16 years in the girls, height and weight are higher in group II. 2. In group I, between 11 and 16 years, VO2 max increases by 50% in boys against only 25% in girls. For the same age, VO2 max remained smaller in girls, even before puberty although there is no difference in body growth. At 11 years, specific VO2 max averaged 47 ml . min-1 . kg-1 in boys and 40 ml . min 1 . kg-1 in girls and decreases with age only in sedentary girls down to 37 ml . min-1 . kg-1. From the results presented here it appears that maximal oxygen uptake in the average french schoolchild is similar to those of subjects from different countries with same cultural and socio-economical level. 3. In group II, VO2 max is similar in both sexes at 11-12 years old, and then up to 16 years of age increases more rapidly in boys (+100%) than in girls (+50%). Specific VO2 max ranges between 57 and 62 m. min-1 . kg-1 in boy swimmers and averages 53 ml . min-1 . kg-1 in girl swimmers. The influence of physical training on aptitude development is discussed and compared with previously published data. PMID- 7131333 TI - Anatomical organization of cat intercostal motor nuclei as demonstrated by HRP retrograde labelling. AB - 1. Intercostal muscles participate both in postural and respiratory functions to a variable degree dependent upon the specific interspace or muscle. In order to determine if these physiological properties are related to a special organization at the spinal cord level, we have used the retrograde transport of HRP as a tool for studying the spinal distribution and morphology of intercostal motor cells in the adult cat. 2. Results obtained after intramuscular injections of the enzyme suggest that the intercostal motor columns could be distributed, in thoracic spinal segments, among two areas according to the respiratory or postural muscle specialization. Moreover, it appears that both postural and respiratory muscles are innervated by motor cells whose size is not related to histological or functional characteristics of the muscle. PMID- 7131334 TI - Adaptation of connective tissue length to immobilization in the lengthened and shortened positions in cat soleus muscle. AB - 1. The aim of this study was to investigate length adaptation of connective tissue in adult cat soleus muscle immobilized in the lengthened position for 28 days (group I) or in the shortened position for 14 (group II) or 28 days (group II). 2. The method, combining passive tension-length curves of the whole muscle with measurement of the length of the contractile part of isolated fibres, enabled separate determination of length of the very slightly compliant tendinous part, and of the highly compliant parallel elastic component (PEC) mainly constituted of belly connective tissue. 3. PEC length was found to increase in group I and to shorten in group II and III, showing that it adapted to the length imposed on the muscle. 4. Tendinous part lengths did not change significantly in any of the three groups compared to the controls. 5. Comparison of the respective adaptations of PEC and contractile tissue lengths showed that PEC adaptation was insufficient in groups II and III. PMID- 7131335 TI - [Gastric lipolysis in the young rabbit: origin and physiological importance of the lipase]. AB - 1. Lipolytic activity of pregastric and gastric secretions and extracts of the gastric wall of weaned and non weaned rabbit was measured in vitro on several substrates: lipids from rabbit and cow milk or from several lipid emulsions (triglycerides containing 3 identical chains, medium or long; coconut or sunflower oil; fats extracted from rabbit or cow milk). Only extracts and gastric secretions possess a lipolytic activity. This persists without attenuation if the pancreatic duct is ligatured. It is reduced after weaning. 2. This lipolytic activity evolves in the presence of high concentration of serum albumin (3%). In this case its optimal pH is 7. Its action preferentially liberates medium chain fatty acids, and, amongst long chain fatty acids, the unsaturated one. Sodium taurocholate (6 mM) slightly increases its effect, which remain unchanged after preincubation of gastric extracts or secretions at pH greater than 2.6. These results show that a gastric lipase exists in the young rabbit. 3. The differences observed between the conditions of activity of young rabbit gastric lipase, pregastric esterase or lipase of man, calf and rat and pancreatic lipase are discussed. We suggest the probable importance of gastric lipase in the particular way and means of digestion and absorption of the lipids of maternal milk in the young rabbit. PMID- 7131336 TI - [Plasma catecholamines in dogs during cold exposure and muscular exercise at the same level of energy expenditure]. AB - Plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine and substrate concentrations (glycemia, free fatty acids (FFA), lactic acid) have been compared in same dogs exposed to cold then made to perform a running test. Under both conditions energy expenditure was increased to the same level for each dog, approximately 7 fold the metabolic rate at rest: 1. Catecholamines were increased in cold exposed as well as in running dogs. However plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations were respectively 2,5 and 3 times higher during cold exposure than they were during muscular exercise. 2. Under both conditions hyperglycemia was observed; however it was more noticeable during cold exposure than during running. Lactic acid increased under both conditions but average concentrations were not significantly different. FFA were increased only during cold exposure. 3. It may be concluded that for the the same level of energy expenditure a greater degree of involvement of the adrenal medulla and sympathetic nervous system is to be found during cold exposure than during exercise. This difference may partly explain that the relative contribution of substrates to the energy expenditure could be different during cold exposure and muscular exercise. PMID- 7131337 TI - [Vesico-anal correlations during miction in human beings]. AB - 1. The electrical activity of external anal sphincter (EAS) and internal anal sphincter (IAS), and the endo-anal pressure were recorded during the miction on 10 male adults with no signs of anorectal nor urologic affection. 2. During the premictionary period, the sympathetic hypertonicity was due to a large vesical proprioceptive activity; that initiated a higher frequency and amplitude of the IAS slow potential oscillations, and masked the inhibitory parasympathetic effect usually triggered by rectal distension. 3. During the vesical systolic phase the vesico-anal reflex induced by a parasympathetic activation and by: (a) a total absence of the EAS electrical activity during the duration of the miction period; (b) a two stage development of the IAS electrical activity: a tonic first stage of short duration and constant activity, followed by a second larger stage of variable form in accordance with the type of pattern (tonic, intermediary of which followed a similar developmental stage to that of the IAS. 4. This vesico anal reflex makes it possible to assume that IAS activity plays a specific and important functional role in the maintenance of anal continence. PMID- 7131338 TI - Thermophysiological responses to humid heat: sex differences. AB - 1. Thermophysiological responses of four men and four pre- and postovulatory women were compared in humid heat conditions. Responses of pre- and postovulatory women are similar except for body temperature levels, which were significantly higher after ovulation. 2. Pronounced sex-related differences were observed in sweating rate and in body temperature variations. For the same evaporation, the sweat rate in men was higher than in women; as a consequence of this, the dripping rate was larger in men and thus the sweat decline was more important. Body temperature increases were larger in men in function of time and therefore temperature regulation in women was considered to be more efficient. PMID- 7131340 TI - Synchronous double carcinoma of colon (a case report). PMID- 7131339 TI - Use of metoclopramide in the differential diagnosis of drug-induced involuntary movements. PMID- 7131341 TI - Multiple cysts in the liver and infantile polycystic disease of kidneys (a case report). PMID- 7131342 TI - Primary retroperitoneal hydatid cyst (a report of 3 cases and review of the literature). PMID- 7131343 TI - Splenic and orbital hydatid cysts and treatment with mebendazole (a case report). PMID- 7131344 TI - Leiomyosarcoma of penis (a case report). PMID- 7131345 TI - Anaemia and gastro-intestinal function in ancylostomiasis. PMID- 7131346 TI - Use of lignocaine in bronchoscopy. PMID- 7131347 TI - Changes in rate pressure product during induction of anaesthesia in cardiac patients. Role of topical anaesthesia of larynx. PMID- 7131348 TI - Considerations on the interrelation between some meteriological conditions and the development of acute myocardial infarction in Bombay (a preliminary communication). PMID- 7131349 TI - Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion; prevalence in respiratory disorders. PMID- 7131350 TI - Drill biopsy as an outpatient procedure for definitive diagnosis of breast swellings (a preliminary communication). PMID- 7131351 TI - Tritrichomonas foetus: fine structure of freeze-fractured membranes. AB - Freeze-fracture techniques reveal differences in fine structure between the anterior three flagella of Tritrichomonas foetus and its recurrent flagellum. The anterior flagella have rosettes of 9-12 intramembranous particles on both the P and E faces. The recurrent flagellum lacks rosettes but has ribbon-like arrays of particles along the length of the flagellum, which may be involved in the flagellum's attachment to the cell body. This flagellum is attached to the membrane of the cell body along a distinct groove that contains few discernible particles. Some large intramembranous particles are visible on the P face of the cell body membrane at the point where the flagellum emerges from the cell body. The randomly distributed particles on the P and E faces of the plasma membrane have a particle density of 919/micron2 and 468/micron2 respectively, and there are areas on both faces that are devoid of particles. Freeze-fracture techniques also reveal numerous fenestrations in the membrane of the Golgi complex and about 24 pores per micron2 in the nuclear membrane. PMID- 7131352 TI - Xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase in Leishmania: divalent cation activation. AB - Xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (XPRTase; EC 2.4.4.22) was found in the promastigotes of four species of Leishmania (L. mexicana, L. donovani, L. braziliensis and L. tarentolae). In no case was there any transribosylation from 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRibPP), forming XMP, in dialyzed preparations, unless activated by a divalent cation. Magnesium and zinc were very low in activation efficiency in all cases, while manganese was optimally efficient. Cobalt was essentially equal to manganese for activation of the enzyme from L. mexicana and L. braziliensis but much less efficient for the enzyme from L. donovani and L. tarentolae. Gel filtration profiles of cell extracts of L. mexicana on Sephadex G-200 indicated that the enzymes catalyzing the transribosylation from PRibPP to guanine, hypoxanthine, and xanthine were inseparable. All were eluted near the void volume. The enzyme for adenine transribosylation was clearly separate. When cell extracts of L. mexicana were applied to Sephadex G-100 columns, the activity toward XMP formation from xanthine eluted with the void volume, together with a portion of that for the formation of GMP and IMP from guanine and hypoxanthine. A second peak of HGPRTase (EC 2.4.2.8) eluted somewhat later and was devoid of XPRTase activity. XPRTase from promastigotes of L. mexicana is heat labile, has rather a broad pH optima, and is stable to freezing when protected by nonspecific cell protein (40,000 g supernate as opposed to 100,000 g supernates). PMID- 7131353 TI - Ribosomal DNA of Leishmania brasiliensis: number of ribosomal copies and gene isolation. AB - The DNA content of the hemoflagellate Leishmania brasiliensis, strain Y, has been determined by colorimetric reactions and found to be nearly 0.226 pg/cell. When this DNA is bound to filters and hybridized with labeled rRNA from the same organism, saturation is reached at 0.47% of the DNA, corresponding to an estimated 160 ribosomal gene copies. When the DNA is sheared and centrifuged to equilibrium in CsCl gradients, two major satellites of the main band (rho = 1.712 g/cm3) are observed: a heavy one (1.720 g/cm3), which hybridizes with labeled rRNA, and a light one (1.699 g/cm3) with the electron microscopic characteristics of the kinetoplast DNA network. PMID- 7131354 TI - Surface changes induced by immune serum on Eimeria tenella sporozoites and merozoites. AB - The surface of merozoites and sporozoites of Eimeria tenella was affected by incubation with E. tenella-immune chicken serum (ICS). Normal chicken serum (NCS) and heat-inactivated ICS had no effect on the pellicular surface of either developmental stage. Sporozoites formed surface bulges or swellings after 10 min of incubation with ICS, and by 15 min postincubation, the morphology of the sporozoites was distorted by a surface coating of fibrinous material. Merozoites exposed to ICS were similarly coated, but surface swelling was not as severe. The coating formed rapidly and was seen as early as 5 min postincubation. Sporozoites incubated with heat-inactivated ICS supplemented with normal chicken serum were coated with a fibrinous material and in some cases lysed. These data indicated that complement must be present for the surface interaction to occur. PMID- 7131355 TI - The fine structure of Acanthamoeba astronyxis, with special emphasis on encystment. AB - The fine structure of the trophozoite, encysting cells, and the cyst of Acanthamoeba astronyxis has been examined. In the trophic form a microtubule organizing center was associated with a well developed Golgi complex. During encystment the organelles of the amoeba changed considerably. The profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum elongated and were often arranged in circles of multilayered concentric systems, enclosing mitochondria, the nucleus, or other inclusions. The mitochondria showed a tendency toward elongation and constriction. One or two nucleolus-like bodies appeared in the nucleus. Lipid droplets increased considerably in amount and were distributed individually or as aggregates. The mature cyst was star-shaped and surrounded by an almost circular exocyst and an endocyst that was closely apposed to the cell membrane. Both walls differed in their thickness and granulation. The exocyst was continuous over the entire cyst, while the endocyst was interrupted by gaps, ostioles, in the region of the rays. Within the ostioles was a bell-shaped structure, the operculum. The latter was composed of a granular material comparable in electron density to that of the endocyst. PMID- 7131356 TI - Abstracts: 35th annual meeting of the Society of Protozoologists, San Francisco, 1-5 August 1982. Abstracts of various foreign societies of protozoologists. PMID- 7131357 TI - Paediatric neurosurgery--the next fifty years. PMID- 7131358 TI - Operative treatment for longstanding Osgood-Schlatter's disease. PMID- 7131359 TI - Ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint. Part 3. PMID- 7131360 TI - Occult carcinoma of the thyroid. A changing pathology? PMID- 7131362 TI - Primary non-specific ulcer of the small intestine. PMID- 7131361 TI - Multiple liver abscesses in a patient with the hyper IgE syndrome. PMID- 7131363 TI - Infective complications after choledochotomy. Incidence after T-tube drainage of the common bile duct or after choledochoduodenostomy. PMID- 7131364 TI - Metachronous carcinoma of the jejunum. PMID- 7131365 TI - Subcutaneous emphysema of thigh secondary to diverticular disease. PMID- 7131366 TI - Pyeloduodenal fistula. PMID- 7131368 TI - Choledocholithiasis associated with plant material in the common bile duct. PMID- 7131367 TI - Pyeloduodenal fistula secondary to renal tuberculosis. PMID- 7131370 TI - Bone scintigraphy as an investigative aid for dysbaric osteonecrosis in divers. PMID- 7131371 TI - Measurement of Eustachian tube function using electro-acoustic techniques. PMID- 7131372 TI - Stress fractures at Commando Training Centre Royal Marines, Lympstone--a retrospective survey (September 1979-October 1981). PMID- 7131369 TI - Fracture of the neck of the radius with spontaneously reduced dislocation of the elbow. PMID- 7131373 TI - Bullet and missile wounds in Northern Ireland. PMID- 7131374 TI - Lung abscess. PMID- 7131375 TI - A two year exchange appointment with the Federal Germany Navy. PMID- 7131377 TI - Comparative studies on the effect of ionizing and nonionizing radiations on the kinetics of DNA synthesis and postirradiation degradation in Micrococcus radiodurans r(11)5. PMID- 7131376 TI - Alteration in radiation-induced change in K+ permeability of mouse fibroblast LM cells by modification of their membranes with unsaturated fatty acids. PMID- 7131378 TI - Restoration of radiation injury by ginseng. III. Radioprotective effect of thermostable fraction of ginseng extract on mice, rats and guinea pigs. PMID- 7131379 TI - Recovery of number and radiosensitivity of myeloid stem cells (CFU-C) in the sublethally x-irradiated mice. PMID- 7131382 TI - Plutonium in Japanese tissues. PMID- 7131380 TI - Oocyte depopulation pattern in adult Indian desert gerbil exposed to internally deposited 32P, 60Co and 45Ca. PMID- 7131381 TI - Recovery kinetics from the damage by step-up and step-down heatings in combination with radiation in Chinese hamster cells. PMID- 7131383 TI - Effects of hyperthermia at 50 degrees C on V-79 cells in vitro. PMID- 7131384 TI - Physical basis of RF hyperthermia for cancer therapy (4) A device for non invasive local deep heating in hyperthermia treatment. PMID- 7131385 TI - Evaluation of 99mTc labeled amino acids as radiopharmaceuticals IV. S-Substituted cysteines and N-substituted iminodiacetic acids. PMID- 7131386 TI - A study on the excretion of Pb-210 and Po-210. PMID- 7131387 TI - Effects of gamma-rays on morphology of the thymus of the adult fish of Oryzias latipes. PMID- 7131388 TI - [Small ultrasonographic atlas of the peritoneum]. PMID- 7131389 TI - [Computed tomography exploration of the normal lumbar spine: methodology and anatomical appearances]. AB - A new method for exploring the lumbar spine by means of serial computed tomography sections is proposed, radio-anatomical appearances of the normal lumbar canal and its contents being described and illustrated. PMID- 7131390 TI - [Familial anomaly of the seventh cervical vertebra. Radio-clinic comparison in a fourteen member family]. AB - We report a fourteen member family presenting with an anomaly of the seventh cervical vertebra. The symptoms associate pain and paresthesias, a C8-D1 syndrome or arterial manifestations. The radiologic lesions noticed are bilateral in twelve cases, either cervical ribs or apophysomegaly of the seventh vertebra's transverse process. There is no correlation between the severity of the clinical impairment and the importance of the radiologic image. We insist on the familial character rarely reported in the literature of an anomaly noticed in radiologic practice. PMID- 7131391 TI - [Metastases of the sub-arachnoidal space from medulloblastoma. Computed tomography study]. AB - A detailed analysis of C.T. finding with infiltration of the diffuse sub arachnoidal space by medulloblastoma in a infant is reported. The C.T. sign who's same a cisternography with hydrosoluble contrast was in this case more helpful in obtaining the specific diagnosis. PMID- 7131393 TI - [What is the cost of the upkeep of radiological equipment?]. PMID- 7131392 TI - [Thrombosed carotid aneurysm and CT scan. Report on three cases]. AB - Thrombosed intracranial aneurysms are always large aneurysms with a diameter superior to 25 mm. They are easily detected by computed tomography, but their diagnosis when they are located in the sphenoidosellar region may cause problems. Three cases of giant aneurysms have been discovered by CT scan over a period of 27 months. PMID- 7131394 TI - [The new radiology]. AB - After a brief analysis of the relations existing between the disciplines of Radiology, Biophysics, and Clinical Medicine, and, the political and administrative sectors, certain themes are developed concerning general problems related to modern radiology: its true place in Medicine today, its evolution, and its organization as a function of current technological advances. Among the questions discussed are the training of new radiologists, the development of complex technical equipment and thus the mode of practice of radiology, the organization of hospital teams and the recruitment of staff adapted to perform tasks of increasing diversity, and the future of research in this field. PMID- 7131395 TI - [Ultrasonographic appearances of hepatic amebic abscesses. Findings in 22 cases]. AB - Ultrasonographic findings in 22 patients with hepatic amebic abscesses are described. All patient were febrile, complained of pain in the liver region, and had a raised ESR with polymorphonucleosis, and enhanced immunofluorescence or hemagglutination. Initial ultrasonography demonstrated a preferential site for the lesion in the right side of the liver, with three non-specific types of image. Indirect signs and the severity of the disease could be determined. Patients were followed up during specific treatment with metronidazole by means of clinical, biological, and ultrasonographic examinations, confirmation of healing depending entirely upon clinical evidence of absence of hepatic signs. Three types of healing, as shown by ultrasonography, are described: the homogeneous hypoechogenic form, known as the slow healing form, can raise ultrasonographic diagnostic difficulties. Apart from routine straight radiography of the chest and abdomen, ultrasonography was, in the majority of cases, the only radiological examination conducted, even in cases of recurrence or relapse; it enables the puncture to be controlled directly. Scintigraphy and scanning were rarely employed, except when ultrasonography was ineffective, and arteriography was reserved for certain very particular differential diagnosis problems. An algorithm, employed for facilitating diagnosis of hepatic amebic abscesses, emphasizes the primary role played by ultrasonography. PMID- 7131396 TI - [Echographic survey of hepatic metastases]. AB - In a study covering 105 patients with hepatic metastases, all of whom underwent at least two echographies, the authors were able to make comparisons with the previous examination in 220 cases. Comparisons dealt with modifications in the echographic aspect (observed in 72 cases among the 220 comparisons), modification in volume and modifications in the number of metastases. In most cases, modification of the echostructure corresponded to a volumetric change. Three evolutionary parameters should be considered: the number of metastases, if there are no more than five; the diameter of the largest liver metastasis, unless it is over 7 cm, in which case it is also advisable to retain two other metastases of 5 cm or less: the size of the liver (left liver measured on the median line and right liver along the right mamillary line). This last parameter appears to be the only valid one when dealing with diffuse metastatic forms. PMID- 7131397 TI - [Radiological features of small bowel involvement in Henoch-Schonlein syndrome of the adult. Report of 6 cases]. AB - Henoch's purpura involve often the small intestine. These involvement are rarely visualised by radiology. They consist of submucosal edema with thickening of the folds and hematoma with intramural thumbprints on the mesenteric border. The lesions are segmental. The disease process is reversible and healing is complete without stenosis or fibrosis. PMID- 7131398 TI - [Closed injuries to the extracranial carotid artery]. AB - A series of 26 cases of injury to the extracranial carotid artery included 3 patients with false aneurysms, 21 dissecting aneurysms, and 3 aneurysms following direct trauma. Clinical and angiographic findings, and clinical course in the 26 patients are described, together with changes observed on angiography in the 11 cases where this was repeated. Prognosis in this series appeared to be better than that usually described. PMID- 7131400 TI - [Xerographic measure of Achilles tendon thickness in familial hypercholesterolemia]. AB - The authors have applied a xeroradiographic method to the measurement of Achilles' tendon thickness in familial hypercholesterolemia. They have not found a significant increase of the thickness, unless patients with xanthomas were included. Statistical value of the method is thus contested. PMID- 7131399 TI - [Diagnostic reliability and economic profitability of 105 mm photography in digestive radiology]. AB - A strict methodology using data-processing programmes was employed to compare diagnostic reliability and economic profitability of 105 mm photography and conventional radiography during 500 radiological examinations of the digestive tract. Films were evaluated twice on two separate occasions to determine correlation with predicted diagnosis and the amount of film exposed during the two investigational methods. Results demonstrated that a reliable diagnosis could be established with 105 mm photography (sensitivity: 97, 4 p. cent; specificity: 90 p. cent; diagnostic precision: 94 p. cent), that it was economically profitable (economy of 1 m2 of sensitized film surface at each examination), and that productivity was improved by the use of this method. PMID- 7131401 TI - [Analysis of the radiologic image of the Achilles tendon. Radio-echo-anatomic study. Localization of the plantaris muscle]. AB - Contribution of radiological, ultrasonographic, and anatomical findings to the interpretation of the radiological image of the Achilles' tendon. Localization of the plantaris muscle. PMID- 7131402 TI - [Spondylocostal dysostosis and polydactylia]. AB - The authors report the case of a 22-month-old boy who presented a spondylocostal dysostosis associated with preaxial polydactylia. This peculiar malformation syndrome seems to be the first reported in the literature till today. PMID- 7131403 TI - [Primary sclerosing cholangitis. External biliary drainage by the transhepatic percutaneous approach. A case report]. AB - A 25 year old man had a primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). The surgical management (cholecystostomy and external biliary drainage) failed with persistence of cholestasis and serious infection. Third surgical time impossibility induced the authors to suggest percutaneous transhepatic drainage. As well adapted and efficient with clinical and biological improvement, the drainage has been maintained. The patient was still doing well 6 months later. Therefore this radiological technique seems to be an useful palliative treatment of PSC in slowing down the evolution. PMID- 7131404 TI - [Real time ultrasonic guidance of percutaneous fine needle biopsies]. AB - Real time ultrasonic guidance of percutaneous fine needle biopsies with a standard transducer is described. This technique is simple, reliable, and cheap to obtain samples in focal liver and pancreatic lesions or abdominal masses. PMID- 7131405 TI - [Percutaneous puncture under sectorial real time ultrasonography control]. AB - A technique for percutaneous puncture is described which employs sectorial scanning real time ultrasonography without a mechanical system for needle control. The method has given satisfactory results in 200 punctures, including one case in which a liver metastasis 13 mm in diameter was detected and another case with a wirsung's duct of 4 mm diameter. PMID- 7131406 TI - [Laryngo-tracheo-bronchography by inhalation. Preliminary experience]. AB - Inhalation of hytrast powder, allows a visualisation of the larynx, trachea and main bronchi. The pharynx and segmental bronchi are seldom opacified. Areas without ventilation are never visualized. PMID- 7131407 TI - [Long-term angiographic surveillance of operated ascending aorta dissections]. AB - Systematic angiographic surveillance of ascending aorta dissections demonstrates the frequency and diversity of often asymptomatic anatomical lesions. A study in 10 previously operated cases enabled differentiation with the prosthetic tube, usually implanted in the ascending aorta, of proximal postoperative lesions (residual dissection, aortic incompetence, aneurysm) which may require further surgery in the more or less long term, and distal lesions (the usual persistence of a false channel in type I dissections) which are generally left untouched. PMID- 7131409 TI - [Lymphography as an investigation method for bladder cancer in adults]. AB - The use of lymphography as an investigational method in bladder cancer is a controversial subject. Results of a personal series of 90 cases, including 50 that were histologically confirmed, are compared with those reported in the published literature. Results were fairly different from those previously described, as though there was a lower sensitivity (43 as against 85 p. cent in the literature), specificity was much higher (100 as against 94 p. cent) as well as positive predictive value (100 as against 69 p. cent). This improvement was mainly due to the use of Piver and Wallace's assessment criteria, and results should be improved still further in the future by more frequent use of needle puncture cytology. Even with the increasing employ of the scanner, lymphography still remains a precise method for investigating bladder cancer. PMID- 7131408 TI - [Ultrasonographic findings in intestinal occlusion. Report on 8 cases]. AB - Findings after ultrasonographic examination of occluded intestinal loops in 8 patients can be divided into four categories; anomalies of the caliber, wall, and topography of the occluded loops, and associated anomalies of peristalsis and peritoneal effusions. Associated with a straight film of the abdomen, ultrasonography enables a precise diagnosis to be made in the majority of cases. PMID- 7131411 TI - [Total agenesis of the corpus callosum: ultrasonographic appearances. In two cases]. AB - Transfontanellar ultrasonography in two neonates demonstrated total agenesis of the corpus callosum: this was confirmed by computed tomography in one case, this not being necessary in the other infant. Diagnostic signs on pneumoencephalography and computed tomography are described, and those observed on supplementary ultrasonography are outlined: absence of the corpus callosum normally observed on ultrasonography, and the radial disposition, in a sagittal section, of the sulci of the internal surface of the cerebral hemispheres, which appears to be specific to this type of malformation. A frontal section shows a very typical "bull's head" deformity of the ventricular system. PMID- 7131410 TI - [Athlete's pubic pain syndrome or "pubialgia". Comparison of radiological and scintigraphic findings]. AB - The pubic pain syndrome in athlete's results from two principal mechanisms: muscle insertion tendinitis or dynamic arthropathy of the pubis. Classification of these two entities is established by comparing radiological and scintigraphic findings. PMID- 7131412 TI - [Behcet's disease associated with pulmonary lesions: a case report]. AB - A 24-year-old man presented clinically confirmed Behcet's disease. He developed thoracic pain accompanied by hemoptyses as a result of thromboses and aneurysm formation in the pulmonary artery. The presence of these aneurysms was suggested by perihilar images on standard radiography, and confirmed by pulmonary arteriography findings and results of histological examination of the operative specimen. Radiological and anatomical evidence of the presence of bronchial endarteritis lesions was also obtained. PMID- 7131413 TI - [Arterial thrombosis in Behcet's disease. Report on three cases]. AB - Three patients with Behcet's disease developed arterial thromboses affecting the external iliac, middle superficial femoral, and radial arteries respectively. Arterial thrombosis occurs mainly in affected males, is predominant in the upper limbs, and usually appears several years after the onset of the disease: it is probably more frequent in the familial forms. PMID- 7131414 TI - [The flexion test in cervical myelography with water soluble contrast media]. AB - The flexion test can supply important data during cervical myelography with water soluble contrast media in patients with cervical lesions. Flexion causes disappearance of false stenoses of the cervical subarachnoid space, related to folds in the yellow ligament and to disc protrusions occurring during extension. Blocking of the column of contrast medium in severe stenoses of the canal is relieved by flexion of the cervical spine. Moreover, flexion and extension tests during myelography often serve to differentiate between hard and soft herniated disks. PMID- 7131416 TI - Statistics and general practice. PMID- 7131417 TI - Education in terminal care. AB - A survey of the education in terminal care received by a wide range of doctors in Scotland showed that clinical instruction in the physical and emotional aspects of the care of the dying had been generally inadequate, and that the educational influence of a special unit or hospice could be significant. Doctors who had undertaken traineeships in general practice tended to have had more comprehensive training in terminal care-and to be more enthusiastic about further education than others. We conclude that planned vocational training schemes in all disciplines need to be re-examined for the provision they make for education in terminal care, and that continuing education in the subject may need to be improved for all doctors. PMID- 7131415 TI - [Endo-urological techniques. New applications in two cases]. AB - Two new indications for the application of endo-urological techniques are reported. One case involved recanalization of stenosis at the ureterovesical junction, while in the other case a double J ureteral endoprosthesis was extracted by the transnephropyelostomy percutaneous route. PMID- 7131418 TI - Continuing education--a new approach. AB - Many teachers of general practice in this country and abroad have called upon colleagues in practice to take upon themselves a larger share of continuing education within this branch of the profession.One response to this call, reported in this article, was a five-day intensive course for 29 established general practitioners, held at the Eastbourne Postgraduate Medical Centre, 1980. The course was planned entirely by a team of seven general practitioners who had gained their teaching experience as vocational training course organizers. The course and its evaluation are described. We offer it as a new approach to continuing education which some of our general practitioner colleagues may prefer to conventional courses, but we do not suggest that our approach should replace well-tried and successful methods. PMID- 7131419 TI - A clinical study of econazole cream in the treatment of fungal skin infections. AB - An open assessment of the efficacy of econazole nitrate (Pevaryl) cream in the treatment of 140 patients with proven dermatomycoses was conducted at five university health centres. Specimens were obtained from 129 patients at the end of treatment and 121 (93.8 per cent) showed no evidence of fungi. After a further month without treatment 108 patients reattended and, of these, 98 (90.9 per cent) remained clinically and mycologically free from infection. Trichophyton rubrum and Epidermophyton floccosum were the fungi most frequently isolated, and the distribution of species and areas of the body affected were similar for all five centres. PMID- 7131421 TI - Why not modify the standard record card? PMID- 7131420 TI - Hand, foot and mouth disease in two Edinburgh practices, 1980. AB - The experience of two Edinburgh practices during an outbreak of hand, foot and mouth disease in 1980 is described. Twenty-five cases were diagnosed, nearly all of them under the age of 10 years. PMID- 7131422 TI - Minor surgery -- one general practitioner's experiences. AB - A study was made of 869 personal cases of minor surgery performed in a cottage hospital over the seven years 1974-1980 inclusive. Results showed a wide range of procedures, little waiting time for patients, low infection rates and low referral to consultants subsequently. The cost benefits to the community and hospital services and the job satisfaction for the general practitioner are discussed. PMID- 7131423 TI - Neurological complications of sarcoidosis. AB - A patient with acute neurological complications of sarcoidosis is described. PMID- 7131424 TI - Attendance for contraception and termination of pregnancy--a comparison of two practices. PMID- 7131427 TI - Coping with blindness. PMID- 7131426 TI - Residual coding in ICHPPC: the size of the problem and its impact on research. AB - In initial field trials of the International Classification of Health Problems in Primary Care (ICHPPC), the number of problems coded in residual (;other') categories was <5 per cent. Since then, there have been no published analyses of the residual category. Problems have been coded and computerized for over eight years at the Medical University of South Carolina Department of Family Medicine model practice. An analysis of that experience demonstrates that 14.3 per cent of the 85,000 problems were coded as residuals. Many classes or subclasses had >40 per cent coded as residuals. A residual as large as this is a major deterrent for research or practice analysis in a residency setting in anything more than a general category or descriptive manner. If many residuals also occur in other settings, this aspect of the code as well as the coding itself will need further study and improvement. PMID- 7131425 TI - Rubella screening: organization and incentive. AB - Women aged 15-44 in a total population of 13,300 were screened for rubella immunity. Seventy-one per cent of the women at risk responded to a letter asking them to attend for a blood test, and of these nearly two thirds were screened. Practice expenditure on the programme was three times greater than income. We suggest a simpler, cheaper way of screening which involves minimal extra work and where an age-sex register is not required. We propose the introduction of a higher item-of-service payment for rubella vaccination. PMID- 7131428 TI - Why not scrap the word trainee? PMID- 7131429 TI - Serological and cytological evidence for increased Y-chromosome related material in Sxr,XY (sex-reversed carrier, male) mice. AB - In order to define the nature of the genetic lesion which gave rise to Sxr, the sex-limited autosomal dominant sex reversal condition in the mouse, cytological and serological studies were carried out comparing Sxr,XY (males carrying the sex reversal gene) and normal XY male mice. Cytotoxic H-Y antisera were absorbed by splenocytes or sperm from both Sxr,XY and normal XY male mice. Our results indicate that for both types of tissue, Sxr,XY cells absorbed consistently greater amounts of cytotoxic activity than did normal XY cells. Whole-mount electron micrographs as well as light micrographs of silver-stained spermatocytes suggest that during meiotic prophase in Sxr,XY males, the paracentromeric region of the normal Y chromosome pairs with a supernumerary Y chromosomal fragment. This fragment can be identified as one of Y chromosomal origin by its thickened axial core. Taken together, our findings support the notion that the Sxr syndrome in the mouse can be due to a supernumerary Y chromosomal fragment containing male determining factors (including one or more H-Y structural or regulatory genes) rather than to a constitutive autosomal mutation. PMID- 7131430 TI - Rosette inhibition test: a multicentre investigation of early pregnancy factor in humans. AB - The rosette inhibition test for the detection of early pregnancy factor is described in detail. The extended methodology presented here represents the cumulative experience of three independent laboratories. Special reference is made to the effect on the assay of varying the conditions of rosette formation between lymphocytes and sheep red blood cells. Antilymphocyte sera prepared for use in the rosette inhibition test fell into three categories: (i) with no rosette inhibiting activity, (ii) with rosette inhibiting activity which is not affected by the presence of EPF, and (iii) rosette inhibiting activity which is significantly increased in the presence of EPF. To date, this third reaction has been found to be a specific indication of the presence in serum of early pregnancy factor. PMID- 7131431 TI - Histological and immunological studies of post implantation death of Mus caroli embryos in the Mus musculus uterus. AB - Mus caroli blastocysts surgically transferred to the Mus musculus uterus implant and develop successfully during the first 9.5 days of gestation. At this time, the trophoblast giant cell area becomes infiltrated with lymphocytes and, subsequently, massive hemorrhage occurs, associated with embryo death. This process is specific for the xenogeneic embryos and does not affect adjacent allogeneic embryos present in the same uterus. Cells taken from the resorbing tissues contain a population of large Thy 1+, Lyt 1+, Lyt 2+ cytotoxic cells capable of lysing Mus caroli concanavalin A blasts in vitro. It is suggested that failure of the Mus caroli embryos in the Mus musculus uterus is mediated by the maternal immune system and that the xenogeneic blastocyst transfer system provides a suitable animal model system for studies of mechanisms that prevent rejection of the fetal allograft. PMID- 7131432 TI - A proposed scoring system for the management of female urinary incontinence. AB - The management of urinary incontinence is frequently ineffective. Inappropriate surgical intervention can convert medically treatable incontinence into a more serious and less remediable condition. To allow a more scientific approach to management, we have developed a scoring system for female incontinence based on three primary controlling factors: (1) the direction of the urethra, (2) the urethral vesical angle and (3) the urethral pressure profile. For each factor a score of 1 to 3 was assigned according to the deviation from normal anatomy or function. Scores ranged from 3 to 9. Patients scoring 6 to 9 were treated surgically, by ventral suspension of the bladder neck and urethra. Patients scoring 3 to 5 were treated medically and underwent surgery only if indicated for other pathology. Thirty-three patients were evaluated and treated with this approach, with a one- to two-year follow-up. This system appears to provide an objective method of choosing between surgical and medical therapy for urinary incontinence. PMID- 7131433 TI - Evaluation of student performance in an obstetrics and gynecology clerkship. PMID- 7131434 TI - Two-year follow-up of 3,466 sterilizations in India. AB - Because female sterilization is being used extensively as a method of limiting family size, its early complications as well as long-term sequelae should be carefully documented. This analysis of a two-year controlled prospective study of 3,466 sterilized women shows that the incidence of poststerilization gynecologic abnormalities was not significantly higher than what might be expected in the general population and declined markedly over time. Poststerilization surgery rates were also low. The incidence of weight gain among sterilized women was significantly higher than that of weight loss. Analysis of menstrual patterns showed no change in menstrual cycle parameters after sterilization for the majority of the cases. Both favorable and unfavorable changes in menstrual cycle parameters were reported. The two-year pregnancy rate was 0.4%. One ectopic pregnancy was reported. PMID- 7131435 TI - The early stages of vulvar carcinoma. Diagnostic problems. PMID- 7131436 TI - Complications of laparoscopic sterilization. PMID- 7131437 TI - The new frontier in consumer obstetrics. A commentary. PMID- 7131438 TI - Heterotopic pregnancy as a result of induced ovulation. A report of two cases. PMID- 7131440 TI - Mature, solid teratoma of the fallopian tube. PMID- 7131439 TI - Magnesium deficiency in pregnancy. A case report. PMID- 7131441 TI - Progestins and the menopausal woman. PMID- 7131442 TI - The effects of progestins on vasomotor flushes. AB - For patients with severe vasomotor flushes who require therapy but for whom estrogens are contraindicated, progestins can be tried. These drugs appear to offer the benefit of a reduction of vasomotor flushes without such unwanted side effects as the increased risk of contracting endometrial cancer. However, progestins cannot replace estrogens universally since there is no evidence that they prove effective against osteoporosis-related fractures and genital atrophy. Nonetheless, as more physicians begin to add medroxyprogesterone acetate to the estrogen regimen to reduce the risk of endometrial hyperplasia, it might be that a lower dose of estrogen will be necessary to relieve flushes. We hope that this additive effect exists, although it has not yet been shown. Whether or not the addition of medroxyprogesterone will carry risks or counteract the beneficial effects of estrogens on such disorders as osteoporosis remains to be elucidated. What is clear from the medroxyprogesterone and estrogen studies is that whenever these drugs are discontinued, the vasomotor flushes can recur, albeit with less intensity and less frequency. PMID- 7131443 TI - Effects of progestational agents on serum lipids and lipoproteins. PMID- 7131444 TI - Effects of progestins on bone metabolism in postmenopausal women. PMID- 7131445 TI - Progestin therapy for perimenopausal women. PMID- 7131446 TI - Clinical use of progestins in the menopausal patient: dosage and duration. AB - Although estrogens are the principal hormone needed by postmenopausal women, there are many benefits of progestins. There is some increased risk of endometrial cancer from estrogen-replacement therapy; however, added progestin decreases this risk to less than that observed in untreated postmenopausal women. Climacteric women at the greatest risk of endometrial cancer can be identified by the progestin challenge test. There may also be some protection from breast cancer in progestin-treated postmenopausal women. Progestins are effective in managing the increased breast tenderness and aggravation of fibrocystic breast disease that may occur in some estrogen-treated postmenopausal women. Both estrogens and progestins are effective in retarding the progression of osteoporosis, but estrogen-progestin combination therapy may promote new bone formation. Long-acting injectable progestins are effective in relieving vasomotor symptoms. Finally, progestins also reduce the incidence of postmenopausal bleeding and the necessity of diagnostic curettage. The progestin should be continued for ten days each month as long as the patient experiences withdrawal bleeding. When withdrawal bleeding ceases, the progestin may be discontinued. However, the progestin challenge test should be repeated annually to ensure that the endometrium is not being stimulated by either exogenous therapy or increased endogenous estrogens. PMID- 7131447 TI - Effects of various types and dosages of progestogens on the postmenopausal endometrium. PMID- 7131448 TI - Surface morphology and functional studies of human alveolar macrophages from cigarette smokers and nonsmokers. AB - The surface of macrophages inhabiting the peritoneal and alveolar spaces is pleomorphic in structure. The internal structure of these cells has been widely described and is not discussed here. Although external cell morphology has been well characterized by many researchers, this subject has not been reviewed. This review, therefore, describes in detail the surface features of macrophages as well as factors affecting macrophage morphology. Morphological studies of human cells are emphasized. Functional studies are presented and, when possible, morphological parameters are correlated with cell function. Because cigarette smoking has been well studied, the effects of this pulmonary insult are described in detail. PMID- 7131449 TI - Differentiation of various mononuclear phagocyte colony-forming cells by hypotonic lysis. AB - Various classes of murine mononuclear phagocyte colony-forming cells (CFU) present in peritoneal exudate, alveolar spaces, and blood are capable of extensive proliferation and form colonies in vitro. In this study, the sensitivity to hypotonic lysis of the proliferative capacity of various classes of mononuclear phagocyte CFC as well as three cell lines was investigated. The results showed that alveolar CFC (AL-CFC) and a macrophage cell line J774 are most resistant to hypotonic conditions, and the committed stem cells for both granulocytes and macrophages (GM-CFC) and blood monocytes (BL-CFC) are most sensitive to hypotonic conditions. Within 7 min all GM-CFC and BL-CFC are killed but less than 5% of AL-CFC are killed. Peritoneal exudate CFC (PE-CFC) displayed intermediate sensitivity since 50% of them were killed within 7 min in the hypotonic conditions. These data suggest that various classes of mononuclear phagocyte CFC can be distinguished from each other by their ability to resist hypotonic lysis. PMID- 7131450 TI - Scientific program: 19th national meeting, Reticuloendothelial Society. St. Louis, Missouri, October 17-20, 1982. Abstracts. PMID- 7131453 TI - The significance of fibronectin in cryoprecipitation in rheumatoid arthritis and other diseases. AB - Fibronectin, a glycoprotein produced by mesenchymal cells, was present in 11 of 16 plasma cryoprecipitates and 12 of 14 synovial fluid (SF) cryoprecipitates. In some SF cryoprecipitates it was the major protein component. Fibronectin levels were related to the development of serum turbidity in the cold and fibronectin was involved in the development of cold turbidity induced by some charged polysaccharides in plasma, serum, and SF. It is suggested that fibronectin, which is synthesized by vascular endothelial cells and synovial lining cells, is involved in the development of some cryoprecipitates in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other diseases. PMID- 7131452 TI - Morphological and biomechanical studies of rheumatoid pannus and cartilage. AB - Invasive pannus or granulation tissue was observed in 0.2 mm thick slices of cartilage and adjacent subchondral bone taken from fresh metatarsal and metacarpal heads removed surgically from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Application of stress to the slices showed "tracking" of pannus or invasive tissue between lacunae and through breaches in the subchondral plate. Softened regions in the cartilage matrix became creased and were easily distinguished from regions of normal consistency. The pannus-matrix interface was not disrupted by stresses as high as 30 g/mm2. PMID- 7131457 TI - Reliability of xerographic reproduction measurements of ulnar deviation. AB - The lack of a practical validated measure of ulnar deviation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has precluded serious consideration of conservative treatments to correct ulnar deviation. The xerographic photocopier provides an available, inexpensive, safe instrument for recording hand positions. Randomized xerographs detected differences in individual finger angles in both RA and normals (p less than .01) when using a standardized method for angle measurements. This method is simple, safe (no radiation), and offers a practical approach to assessing the treatment of ulnar deviation in RA. PMID- 7131458 TI - Serum sulphydryl levels in early synovitis. AB - The determination of serum sulphydryl levels has been assessed as a diagnostic/prognostic indicator of rheumatoid arthritis in patients attending an early synovitis clinic. This simple assay has been compared with other test systems including C-reactive protein, plasma viscosity, IgM rheumatoid factor and immune complexes. Results show that a low serum sulphydryl at presentation is a useful prognostic indicator for development of persistent synovitis. Patients with normal sulphydryl levels suffered only mild or transient symptoms. These results suggest that, since stimulated phagocytes generate the oxygen-derived species responsible for sulphydryl oxidation, such cells are active before the patient develops persistent symptoms. PMID- 7131455 TI - Spinal stenosis: a review of 23 cases. AB - Twenty-three cases of spinal stenosis suspected clinically and confirmed by computed tomography (CT) scanning are reviewed. The usually prolonged delay from the onset of symptoms to the time of diagnosis can be reduced by an awareness of the frequently bizarre, but usually bilateral clinical features. Confirmation of stenosis has required myelography, but CT scanning frequently may confirm the diagnosis without myelography and, being noninvasive, may facilitate earlier and more appropriate treatment. PMID- 7131451 TI - Rat polyarthritis: induction with adjuvants constituted with mycobacteria (and oils) from the environment. AB - Mycobacteria inhabiting plants, soils and water can cause arthritis in rats. The list of arthritogenic mycobacteria from animal sources must also be extended. The arthritogenic activity is present in dead bacteria and resists extraction into ethanol-ether (1:1 v/v). Polyarthritis is only induced in conjunction with certain (oily) lipids = coarthritogens: some of these lipids are present in/on skin, intestines, etc. Isostearic acid is also a coarthritogen. Preliminary observations suggest the leprosy bacillus (M. leprae) is not arthritogenic but may confer immunity to the M. tuberculosis arthritogen. Some adjuvant-active corynebacteria/propionibacteria did not cause polyarthritis in 2 rat strains (DA, PVG) responding vigorously to mycobacterial arthritogens. PMID- 7131456 TI - Relevance of urinary excretion of alcian blue-glycosaminoglycans complexes and hydroxyproline to disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Urinary excretion of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and hydroxyproline was studied in 42 adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A significant increase of GAG and hydroxyproline was found in RA patients compared to normal controls. RA patients fulfilling the criteria of disease activity were found to have urinary excretion of GAG and hydroxyproline higher than of RA patients not fulfilling these criteria. No significant correlation however was observed between urinary GAG and hydroxyproline. GAG and hydroxyproline excretion might be the expression of cartilage destruction and bone involvement and both may be related to the activity of the rheumatoid process. PMID- 7131454 TI - Monthly pulses of methylprednisolone in SLE nephritis. AB - The results of a double-blind trial of pulse methylprednisolone in 9 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and biopsy proven diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis are reviewed. Patients were given 1 g of methylprednisolone or placebo intravenously, on 3 consecutive days, once a month, for 1 year. After 1 year, the methylprednisolone pulse group showed a significant improvement in serum creatinine whereas the placebo group showed none. More than 2 years after completing the study, renal function remained stable in the methylprednisolone group while the placebo group demonstrated significant deterioration in these values. Because of the limited number of patients involved, a concurrent control group was employed to confirm these results. PMID- 7131459 TI - Severe thrombocytopenia in an adult patient with mixed connective tissue disease. PMID- 7131460 TI - Deforming arthritis of the hands in Behcet's disease. PMID- 7131461 TI - Ulnar deviation of the fingers in gout simulating rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Two cases of gout with marked ulnar deviation (UD) are reported. Both cases were previously diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis (RA) at referral, but gout was clinically suspected because of atypical features of RA, and subsequently confirmed by demonstration of monosodium urate crystals under the polarized microscope. No definitive evidence of associated RA was present in either case. Although UD in gout is distinctly rare, it is important to recognize this deformity in gout in order to avoid inappropriate therapy. Mechanical factors might have contributed to the hand deformities in both cases. PMID- 7131462 TI - Scalp vein sign in Paget's disease of bone. AB - Prominent scalp vein dilatation was observed in 55% of 71 patients with Paget's disease of bone involving the skull. None of 137 pagetic patients without skull involvement showed visible dilatation of their scalp veins. Following disease suppression with oral etidronate disodium therapy, 21 of 30 patients showed diminution in their scalp vein distension. This "scalp vein sign" may serve as 1 marker of pagetic skull disease and provides another clinical feature of disease activity. PMID- 7131463 TI - Myocarditis in Behcet's disease--a case report and review of the literature. AB - A 33-year-old male with Behcet's disease developed congestive heart failure without apparent etiology. Although an electrocardiogram and thallium-201 scintigraphy showed myocardial ischemic damage, there were no abnormalities detected in the coronary arteries. Echocardiographic studies and a left ventriculogram were compatible with congestive cardiomyopathy. These findings suggested that the patient had myocarditis, an unusual association with Behcet's disease. PMID- 7131464 TI - Tendon involvement in a case of ochronosis. AB - A patient with severe skeletal and systemic involvement due to ochronosis is reported. On radiographic examination there was a linear density attached to the left lesser trochanter. The possible role of ochronotic pigment deposition in tendon, leading to metaplastic bone formation, is discussed. PMID- 7131465 TI - Septic arthritis due to saccharomyces species in a patient with chronic rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7131467 TI - Eye involvement in a patient with familial Mediterranean fever. PMID- 7131466 TI - Long bone erosions and ascites in progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). PMID- 7131469 TI - Sexually transmitted arthritis? Two informative cases. PMID- 7131470 TI - Acral vasospasm complicating therapy with ibuprofen and tolmetin. PMID- 7131468 TI - Reactive arthritis--the need for diagnostic caution. PMID- 7131471 TI - Bee venom therapy of adjuvant arthritis. PMID- 7131472 TI - Partial nephrectomy for renal haemangioma. AB - Three cases of renal haemangioma presenting with haematuria are reported. Each was investigated by angiography and treated successfully by partial nephrectomy. PMID- 7131473 TI - Urographic appearances in renal failure due to intraluminal ureteric obstruction. AB - With reference to a series of 13 patients, the urographic signs seen in the conditions of acute, post-acute, chronic and acute-on-chronic obstruction are described. These are seen in a relatively pure form in patients with renal failure due to ureteric calculi. Patients in renal failure with acute, post-acute or acute-on-chronic obstruction are anuric or oliguric; patients with chronic obstruction due to bilateral ureteric stones are polyuric. After removal of the stones the urine output returns to normal in cases of acute obstruction, is reduced in chronic obstruction but is increased in post-acute obstruction. A further case is described which illustrates the importance of recognizing post acute obstruction unaccompanied by pain: the kidney may be completely obstructed and so be destroyed. The different types of obstruction are recognized by considering the nephrographic and pyelographic signs together with the presence of pain. PMID- 7131474 TI - Hospital admissions for abdominal pain in childhood. AB - From January to March 1980, a consecutive sample of 50 children admitted to hospital with acute abdominal pain provisionally diagnosed as appendicitis but who recovered spontaneously without a specific physical diagnosis was studied. The instruments used were a standardized parental interview and Rutter A(2) and B(2) questionnaires which are designed as screening devices to explore levels of emotional adjustment in children. A comparison was made with 43 children (controls) matched for sex and age from the same schools. Forty children suffering from acute appendicitis were studied in the same way. A significantly increased number of children in the nonspecific group obtained abnormal scores on the Rutter Scales compared with the control group (P less than 0.025). An unexpectedly large number (31%) of boys suffering from acute appendicitis obtained abnormal scores on the Rutter Scales. Postal follow up three months following discharge from hospital indicated that 8 (16%) of the nonspecific group were incapacitated to the extent of missing school. During the study, 15 children had a normal appendix removed at operation. Seven of them showed a significant degree of maladjustment. PMID- 7131475 TI - Exchange transfusion in life-threatening sickling crises. AB - Five patients are reported with sickle cell syndromes (HbSS, HbSC and HbSthal) in whom rapid exchange transfusion led to resolution of life-threatening infarctive crises. The technique appears to be of value in the management of severe complications of sickle cell syndromes. PMID- 7131476 TI - Studying general practice in the inner city--a model for linking available sources of data: preliminary communication. AB - The effect of implementing proposals intended to improve general practice primary care in inner London is not known. To test it requires a model of how general practice works and methods of measuring appropriate variables. The methods must be sufficiently simple to allow measurement prior to, as well as during, change. This paper presents such a model, describes methods used to measure some of those variables, and illustrates the results. PMID- 7131477 TI - Data on lung cancer in radiation workers. PMID- 7131478 TI - Diabetic scrotal gangrene. PMID- 7131480 TI - Synthesis and immunoadjuvant activities of 2-acetamido-5-O-acetyl-6-O-acyl-2 deoxy-3-O-[(R)-2-propionyl-L-alanyl-D- isoglutamine]-D-glucofuranoses as potential prodrug forms of 6-O-Acyl Derivatives of N-acetylmuramyl dipeptide. AB - 2-Acetamido-5-O-acetyl-6-O-acyl-2-deoxy-3-O-[(R)-2-propionyl-L-alanyl-D- isoglutamine]-D-glucofuranoses, designed as prodrug forms of the corresponding immunoadjuvant-active 6-O-acyl derivatives of N-acetylmuramyl dipeptide (MDP), were synthesized from benzyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-5, 6-O-isopropylidene-beta-D glucofuranoside and found, when administered to mice in an aqueous medium, to elevate antibody production against bovine serum albumin. The 5,6-di-O-acetyl derivative 8 exhibited activity similar to that of MDP at 50 micrograms/dose. The antibody titer measured for the 5-O-acetyl-6-O-stearoyl compound 9 was comparable to that obtained with 6-O-stearoyl-MDP at 50 micrograms, and both compounds were more active than MDP at 5 micrograms. The more lipophilic 5-O-acetyl-6-O-[2 (behenoyloxy)isobutyryl] compound 10 was considerably more active than MDP at both 50 and 5 micrograms; moreover, its potent adjuvant activity was not diminished at the lower dose. The three 5-O-acetylated 6-O-acylated dipeptidyl furanose derivatives also significantly stimulated production of circulating antibodies against hepatitis B vaccine in mice; titers were comparable to those observed with the alum-adsorbed vaccine. The range of immunoadjuvant activities obtained with 8-10 and control compounds supports a prodrug mechanism for this class of furanoid MDP analogues. PMID- 7131479 TI - Design, synthesis, and testing of potential antisickling agents. 1. Halogenated benzyloxy and phenoxy acids. PMID- 7131482 TI - Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine ribonucleosides as anticoccidials. 2. Synthesis and activity of some nucleosides of 4-(alkylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[3, 4-d]pyrimidines. AB - A series of 4-(alkylamino)-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1H-pyrazolo[3, 4-d]pyrimidines was synthesized by enzymatic and chemical methods. On the basis of the previous finding that 4-(alkylthio)-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines were effective anticoccidial agents, this series was examined for efficacy against Eimera tenella in chicks. The most active anticoccidial agent in the present study was the 4-cyclopentylamino derivative (8), which cleared chicks of the parasite at 200 ppm in the diet. Some members of this series were toxic to embryonic chick liver cells, mouse cells, and human cells in vitro. The 4 diethylamino derivative (16), which was not toxic in vitro, appeared to be toxic in chicks. PMID- 7131481 TI - Synthesis and in vivo antitumor activity of potential 5-fluorouracil prodrugs. PMID- 7131483 TI - New anticancer agents: synthesis of 1,2-dihydropyrido[3,4-b]pyrazines (1-deaza 7,8-dihydropteridines). AB - Reaction of alpha-aminoacetophenone oximes (2) with ethyl 6-amino-4-chloro-5 nitropyridine-2-carbamate (1) gave ethyl 6-amino-5-nitro-4-[(2-oxo-2 phenylethyl)amino]pyridine-2-carbamate oximes (3), which were hydrolyzed under acidic conditions to give the corresponding ketones (4). Related pyridines substituted with a keto side chain were prepared from 1 and 1,3-diaminopropanone oximes and by oxidation of the side-chain hydroxy group of ethyl 6-amino-4- [[3 (N-methyl-N-phenylamino)-2-hydroxypropyl]amino]-5-nitropyridine-7- carbamates (6). Catalytic hydrogenation of the nitro group of 4 over Raney nickel in a large volume of ethanol gave the 1-deaza-7,8-dihydropteridines (7). Several of the oximes 3 were successfully hydrogenated to give 7 directly. The resulting 1-deaza 7,8-dihydropteridines showed potent cytotoxicity against cultured L1210 cells and significant anticancer activity against lymphocytic leukemia P-388 in mice. These biological activities are attributed to the accumulation of cells at mitosis. PMID- 7131484 TI - Estrogenic and antiestrogenic activity of monophenolic analogues of tamoxifen, (Z)-2-[p-(1,2-diphenyl-1-butenyl)phenoxy]-N, N-dimethylethylamine. AB - Five hydroxylated analogues of tamoxifen [1, (Z)-2-[p-(1,2-diphenyl-1 butenyl)phenoxy]-N,N-dimethylethylamine] and its geometric isomer were prepared by reaction of protected hydroxy-alpha-ethyldeoxybenzoins with 4-[2 dimethylamino) ethoxy]phenylmagnesium bromide, followed by acid-catalyzed dehydration-deprotection and chromatographic separation of isomer mixtures. Estrogen receptor binding affinity and estrogenic and antiestrogenic activity of each of the compounds were determined in the rat, in comparison with 4 hydroxytamoxifen (2). The new compounds had a wide range of receptor binding affinities, with that of 3-hydroxytamoxifen (6c), the most strongly bound, approaching that of estradiol. The trans isomers 6a,b were more strongly bound than were the cis isomers 7a,b. Antiestrogenic activity was seen in all compounds except 7b. This was also true for estrogenic activity, except that in 6c this activity was also substantially reduced. Maximal antiestrogenic effectiveness of 6c occurred at a 10-fold greater daily dose (50 micrograms/rat) than that required for maximal effect of 2. PMID- 7131485 TI - Carboxyimamidate, a low-molecular-weight polyelectrolyte with antitumor properties and low toxicity. AB - A new polyelectrolyte was synthesized and evaluated for antitumor activity. The product is a derivative of ethylene/maleic anhydride copolymer of low molecular weight (Mn approximately equal to 1100). The anhydride groups were first converted to the half-amide, half-ammonium salt by reaction with ammonia. A percentage (14-25 wt %) of these groups was further converted to the imide by heating. The product, carboxyimamidate (Carbethimer, N-137) inhibited the growth of a number of solid tumors in vivo. Sensitive tumor models included Lewis lung carcinoma, Madison 109 lung carcinoma, M5076 ovarian tumor, colon carcinoma 26, B16 melanoma, and P815 mastocytoma. Activity was dose related between nontoxic dose levels of 300 and 2000 mg/kg ip. PMID- 7131486 TI - Synthesis, 470-MHz 1H NMR spectra, and activity of delactonized derivatives of the anticancer drug etoposide. AB - The anticancer drug etoposide (VP 16-213, 1) contains a highly strained trans fused gamma-lactone. This functionality is readily metabolized to an inactive ring-opened hydroxy acid (2). To prevent this detoxification of the drug and to investigate whether the lactone is essential for drug activity, we synthesized a cyclic ether analogue of etoposide (3) and tested it in the mouse leukemia L1210 system in vitro and in vivo. This ether analogue of etoposide was found to retain activity in the L1210 system, but the activity was reduced relative to the parent drug. A synthetic intermediate, the ring D opened diol of the reduced lactone (4), was also tested and found to be inactive in the L1210 system. The complete 470-MHz 1H NMR spectra of etoposide and its derivatives are reported. The usefulness of introducing deuterium at C-13 to determine J2,3 is also demonstrated. This coupling constant is characteristic of cis or trans stereochemistry across the C-D ring fusion. PMID- 7131487 TI - (+/-)-cis-2-acetoxycyclobutyltrimethylammonium iodide: a semirigid analogue of acetylcholine. AB - The title compound was prepared to complete a series of small ring (cyclopropane, cyclobutane) cis/trans 1,2-disubstituted semirigid congeners of acetylcholine. A multistep synthetic sequence, beginning with cis-cyclobutane-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride, permitted unequivocal preparation of the (+/-)-cis target compound 4. The geometry of 4 was confirmed by comparison with an authentic sample of the (+/ )-trans isomer. The cis and trans isomers were equipotent as muscarinic agonists, but they were much weaker than acetyl-beta-methylcholine. PMID- 7131488 TI - Antimalarials. 14. 5-(aryloxy)-4-methylprimaquine analogues. A highly effective series of blood and tissue schizonticidal agents. AB - A series of five 5-(aryloxy)-4-methylprimaquine analogues has been prepared and evaluated for antimalarial activity. The compounds were tested for suppressive activity against Plasmodium berghei in mice and for radical curative activity against Plasmodium cynomolgi in the rhesus monkey. The compounds were not only significantly superior to primaquine as radical curative agents but also were suprisingly highly effective as suppressive agents. PMID- 7131489 TI - Modifications of primaquine as antimalarials. 3. 5-Phenoxy derivatives of primaquine. PMID- 7131490 TI - Hypobetalipoproteinemic agents. 3. Variation of the polycyclic portion of 4-(1 adamantyloxy)aniline. PMID- 7131491 TI - Analogues of 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate. AB - A number of analogues of 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) have been synthesized and their affinities to muscarinic receptor from rat or dog ventricular muscle measured. We have determined that the muscarinic receptor can to a different degree accommodate either a halogen in the ortho, meta, or para position of one phenyl ring or the replacement of one phenyl ring with an alkyl group. Our in vitro competition studies show that the affinities lie within a 270-fold range, from the highest affinity compound, 3-quinuclidinyl alpha-hydroxy-alpha cyclopentylphenylacetate (2), to the lowest affinity compound, 3-quinuclidinyl alpha-hydroxy-alpha-2-propargylphenylacetate (11). PMID- 7131492 TI - Synthesis and study of a spin-labeled cyclophosphamide analogue, 3-(1-oxy-2,2,6,6 tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)cyclophosphamide. AB - 3-(1-Oxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)cyclophosphamide (7) was isolated in 36% yield following H2O2-Na2WO4 oxidation of 3-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4 piperidinyl)cyclophosphamide (6), which was synthesized in three steps (25% yield) starting with 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine. Binding of 7 to mouse liver microsomes was investigated by optical and electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Compared with the mouse liver microsomal metabolism of 1, separate incubations of 6 and an ca. 1:1 mixture of 1 and 6 gave approximately 90 and 60% less acrolein, respectively. A spin-labeled metabolite of 7, viz., N-(1-oxy 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)phosphoramide mustard (9), was synthesized and its intramolecular O-alkylation at pH 7.4, 37 degrees C, was studied by 31P NMR spectroscopy. Compounds 7 and 9 were inactive in screening tests against L1210 lymphoid leukemia in mice. PMID- 7131493 TI - Antiinflammatory properties of 8-aryl-5-isopropyl-2H-1,3-dioxolo[4,5-g]quinazolin 6(5H)-ones and -thiones. PMID- 7131494 TI - On telling dying patients the truth. PMID- 7131495 TI - Medical ethics: some reservations. PMID- 7131496 TI - The ethics of society rather than medical ethics. PMID- 7131497 TI - In defence of clinical bioethics. PMID- 7131498 TI - The ethics of telling the patient. PMID- 7131499 TI - Of gossips, eavesdroppers, and peeping toms. PMID- 7131500 TI - Medical ethics needs a third dimension. PMID- 7131501 TI - Clinical freedom. PMID- 7131503 TI - Advice for the homosexual patient. PMID- 7131504 TI - Continuing medical education: 1960s to the present. AB - Since the 1960s, continuing medical education (CME) has undergone a period of reappraisal of its effectiveness and consideration of alternatives to the traditional teaching model. In this paper the authors discuss three proposals that were developed out of these concerns: the establishment of a national plan, a process program model based on the identified needs of physicians, and the use of mandatory continuing education as part of a relicensing/recertification procedure. The problems and controversies in each of these areas are explored. Recommendations for changes in CME are discussed and summarized into three areas: organizational needs, programmatic needs, and physician needs. The authors attempt to point out the general agreement in these recommendations as well as the difficulty of achieving any uniform or orderly change in the future. PMID- 7131505 TI - Inside the chart review. AB - The study on which this article is based was conducted at the University of North Carolina's Family Practice Center to analyze the content of teaching that occurred in the face-to-face chart review sessions. Data were collected from a sample of 276 chart reviews and processed by a microcomputer program that compiled reports of types of problems encountered by residents, topics of discussion pertinent to those problems, and learning needs defined as a result of those discussions. Reports were generated for faculty members nad residents, and summary reports were produced for the teaching encounters. This system of computerized data analysis can be used to identifying learning needs of residents and areas of teaching emphasis for faculty. The information can be used for educational planning and faculty development. PMID- 7131502 TI - Obstructed death revisited. PMID- 7131506 TI - Clinical reading and writing skills of junior medical students. AB - A three-year study was designed to assess general reading and writing skills of 231 entering medical students and to compare these scores with those of clinically oriented reading and writing skills in the same cohort of students three years later. Standardized reading and writing tests were administered to all entering freshmen in the class of 1982. Clinical reading and writing examinations were developed by the authors and members of the faculty. The reading test consisted of 16 multiple-choice questions in response to three short discussions in medical journals. Clinical writing was assessed through scoring each student's latter of referral to another physician after he read a "mock" chart of a patient's hospital care. The results showed that entry-level reading comprehension and clinical reading had a significant association as did entry level English composition and clinical writing. Regression analysis showed that the entry-level reading and writing scores were better predictors of clinical reading and writing skills than any other prematriculation variables. The implications of these findings for medical education are discussed. PMID- 7131507 TI - Teaching behaviors of residents and faculty members. AB - In the study reported here, the authors examined resident and faculty teaching behaviors in an attempt to see whether they are complementary or duplicative. Thirty-two teaching sessions were observed, and behaviors were recorded using a teaching behavior checklist devised for the study. The predominant behaviors for all teachers observed were those of responding to questions by the students are addressing problem-solving and psychosocial issues. Residents spent more time at the bedside and saw more patients in their sessions than did the faculty members. The results of the study suggest that teaching roles of faculty members and residents are complementary. The implications of this conclusion for clinical teaching are discussed. PMID- 7131508 TI - Faculty development and human resources management in the academic medical setting. AB - Faculty members of academic medical centers are resources of the institution, and their maturation is part of the academic medical center's program of human resource development. Although the individual is ultimately responsible for his own development, programs of human resource management should be developed for academic medicine. Four basic areas have been suggested for these programs: professional development, institutional development, curricular change, and organizational change. Professional development is the area of most activity but is limited mainly to assessing the faculty member's teaching ability. Research aimed at the evaluation of clinical teaching is a relatively new field. Medical student and house officer evaluation, the use of videotapes, and the enlistment of educational consultants and technologists have begun, but there is little continuing research using these techniques and others at most institutions. The evaluation material is used to help the medical educator but only if the faculty member seeks out and uses the evaluation material to improve his teaching skills. As the educational process is linked more to the rewards system of the medical school, such as promotion, internal grants, and merit pay, motivation for improvement in instruction will be more universal. Medical academic human resource management will truly arrive only when the faculty members themselves perceive the need and desire it. PMID- 7131509 TI - Design of a course on the medical consequences of nuclear war. PMID- 7131510 TI - NBME part I examination: possible explanations for performance based on personality type. PMID- 7131511 TI - Use of CME programs: solo versus groups practitioners. PMID- 7131512 TI - Development of a clerkship curriculum in the family life cycle. PMID- 7131513 TI - Developing oral and written formats for evaluating clinical problems-solving by medical undergraduates. PMID- 7131514 TI - Effects of behavioral science orientations on attitudes of first-year residents in family practice. PMID- 7131515 TI - Preventing and investigating fraud in research. PMID- 7131517 TI - Family practice. PMID- 7131518 TI - State retention. PMID- 7131516 TI - Applicants to U.S. medical schools, 1977-78 to 1981-82. PMID- 7131519 TI - The maintenance of high ethical standards in the conduct of research adopted June 24, 1982, by the Executive Council of the Association of American Medical Colleges. PMID- 7131520 TI - A device for iontophoretic anaesthesia of the tympanic membrane. PMID- 7131521 TI - A voice-operated response unit for use in the psychological assessment of motor impaired subjects. PMID- 7131522 TI - Design improvements to an operating table clamp. PMID- 7131523 TI - The Canadian Medical & Biological Engineering Society's clinical engineering policy and procedures. PMID- 7131524 TI - A cartilage elastometer for use in the living subject. PMID- 7131526 TI - A rugged strain gauge ultrasonic therapeutic exposimeter. PMID- 7131525 TI - Single needle dialysis. PMID- 7131527 TI - Decreasing the particle size of aerosols of local anaesthetic by heating. PMID- 7131528 TI - The comparative evaluation of electromedical equipment by the UK health departments. PMID- 7131529 TI - Formation of total, active and stable E-rosettes by human lymphocytes stimulated with con A derivatives. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy human volunteers where incubated for 48 hr with 10 micrograms/ml of native Con A or its dimeric derivatives, succinyl- and acetyl-Con A. The percentage of total-active and stable E-rosettes were determined before and after incubation. There were no differences among the three forms of the lectin. Stable E-rosettes exhibited the most dramatic effects from Con A stimulation. They increased from approximately 2% in control cultures to 20 25% in stimulated cultures. Treatment with the Con A inhibitor alpha-Methyl-D mannoside after Con A stimulation did not affect the rosette formation. Our results suggest that redistribution of membrane receptors on stimulated lymphocytes is not responsible for increased E-rosette formation after Con A stimulation since dimeric forms of Con A are not able to induce membrane receptor redistribution. PMID- 7131530 TI - Lack of toxicity of alfalfa saponins in cynomolgus macaques. PMID- 7131531 TI - Human sickle erythrocytes: survival in chimpanzees. AB - The survival characteristics of human sickle (SS) erythrocytes (RBCs) transfused to intact chimpanzees were determined. The mean post-transfusion recovery of 51Cr labelled SS RBCs in four chimpanzees was 30.5% +/- 15.2 SD, and the half-life survival was 4.2 h +/- 0.8 SD. The recovery of control (hemoglobin AA) human red cells in five chimpanzees was complete and their mean intravascular T 1/2 was 22.3 h. Shorter survival of sickle erythrocytes was also shown by transfusing chimpanzees with mixtures of human cells such as 51Cr AA RBCs and 59Fe SS RBCs, or 51Cr SS RBCs and non-labelled fetal (cord blood) erythrocytes. The difference in survival of AA and SS RBCs resembles that in human recipients and was probably caused by sickling of SS cells in the chimpanzee circulation. These primate animals could, therefore, be used as a model for in vivo studies of sickle cell disease. PMID- 7131532 TI - Serology and lymphocyte surface markers of great apes maintained in a zoo. PMID- 7131533 TI - Analysis of reproductive data in a breeding colony of African green monkeys. PMID- 7131534 TI - Intestinal HCO3- secretion in Amphiuma: stimulation by mucosal Cl- and serosal Na+. AB - The requirement for Na+ and Cl- in the bathing media to obtain a maximal HCO3- secretory flux (JHCO3-) across isolated short-circuited Amphiuma duodenum was investigated using titration techniques and ion substitution. Upon substitution of media Na+ with choline, HCO3- secretion was markedly reduced. Replacement of media Cl- produced a smaller reduction of JHCO3-. The presence of Cl- enhanced HCO3- secretion only if Na+ was also in the media. Elevation of media Na+ or Cl- in the presence of the other ion produced a saturable increase of JHCO3-. In the presence of Na+, Cl- stimulated JHCO3- when added to the mucosal but not the serosal medium. In the presence of Cl-, Na+ elevated JHCO3- when added to the serosal but not the mucosal medium. The ability of mucosal Cl- to stimulate JHCO3 was not apparently dependent on mucosal Na+. Simultaneous addition of 10 mM Cl- to the Na+ -free mucosal medium and 10 mM Na+ to the Cl- -free serosal medium stimulated JHCO3- above levels produced by serosal Na+ alone. In conclusion, intestinal HCO3- secretion required mucosal Cl- and serosal Na+ and did not involve mucosal NaCl cotransport. The results are consistent with a mucosal Cl- absorptive mechanism in series with parallel basolateral Na+ -H+ and Cl- -HCO3- exchange mechanisms. PMID- 7131535 TI - Steady states and the effects of ouabain in the Necturus gallbladder epithelium: a model analysis. AB - A simple numerical model for the Necturus gallbladder epithelium is presented. K+, Na+ and Cl- cross the mucosal and serosal membranes as well as the junctions by means of electrodiffusion; furthermore the mucosal membrane contains a neutral entry mechanism for NaCl and the serosal membrane contains an active pump for K+ and Na+. The values which have been used for the model are taken from the literature. The model can only attain steady states if the resistance of the serosal membrane is lower than 1000 omega cm2. Values reported in the literature for the resistance of this membrane vary from about 3000 to about 100 omega cm2. We shall argue, however, that the higher estimates are in error because they are derived from a model of the tissue in which each membrane and the junction are modeled by a resistor; this procedure is invalid because the resistance of the lateral intercellular space relative to the resistance of the tight junctions is neglected and consequently the resistance of the serosal membrane is overestimated by a factor of about four. Apart from predicting a realistic steady state at normal external concentrations the model can predict quantitatively several experimental results obtained from the living epithelium. We have focused on the experiments which test the permeabilities of the serosal membrane and the properties of the pump: i) Replacement of serosal Cl- by an impermeant ion. ii) Replacement of serosal K+ by Na+. iii) Inhibiting the (Na+, K+)-pump. The best correspondence between model and experiments is obtained when the pump is assumed to be electrogenic (or rheogenic) with a ratio of coupling between Na+ and K+ of 3:2. In this case both model and direct experiments (also presented in this paper) show an initial abrupt depolarization of 6 to 7 mV. The model also shows that it cannot be concluded from i and ii that the Cl- permeability of the serosal membrane is low. The model explains, even with high passive Cl- permeabilities, why the intracellular Cl- concentration is relatively unaffected by paracellular currents, a fact which in other epithelia has been taken as an implication of a low Cl- permeability of the serosal membranes. PMID- 7131536 TI - Role of the bilayer in the shape of the isolated erythrocyte membrane. AB - The determinants of cell shape were explored in a study of the crenation (spiculation) of the isolated erythrocyte membrane. Standard ghosts prepared in 5 mM NaPi (pH 8) were plump, dimpled disks even when prepared from echinocytic (spiculated) red cells. These ghosts became crenated in the presence of isotonic saline, millimolar levels of divalent cations, 1 mM 2,4-dinitrophenol or 0.1 mM lysolecithin. Crenation was suppressed in ghosts generated under conditions of minimal osmotic stress, in ghosts from red cells partially depleted of cholesterol, and, paradoxically, in ghosts from red cells crenated by lysolecithin. The susceptibility of ghosts to crenation was lost with time; this process was potentiated by elevated temperature, low ionic strength, and traces of detergents or chlorpromazine. In that ghost shape was influenced by a variety of amphipaths, our results favor the premise that the bilayer and not the subjacent protein reticulum drives ghost crenation. The data also suggest that vigorous osmotic hemolysis induces a redistribution of lipids between the two leaflets of the bilayer which affects membrane contour through a bilayer couple mechanism. Subsequent relaxation of that metastable distribution could account for the observed loss of crenatability. PMID- 7131537 TI - Intracellular potential and K+ activity in rat kidney proximal tubular cells in acidosis and K+ depletion. AB - Techniques were developed for the measurement of intracellular potentials and potassium activities in rat proximal tubule cells using double barreled K+ liquid ion-exchanger microelectrodes. After obtaining measurements of stable and reliable control values, the effects of K+ depletion and metabolic and respiratory acidosis on the intracellular potential and K+ activity in rat kidney proximal tubular cells were determined. At a peritubular membrane potential of 66.3 +/- 1.3 mV (mean +/- SE), intracellular K+ activity was 65.9 +/- 2.0 mEq/liter in the control rats. In metabolic acidosis [70 mg NH4Cl/100 g body wt) the peritubular membrane potential was significantly reduced to -47.5 +/- 1.9 mV, and cellular K+ activity to 53.5 +/- 2.0 mEq/liter. In contrast, in respiratory acidosis (15% CO2) the peritubular membrane potential was significantly lowered to -46.1 +/- 1.39 mV, but the cellular K+ activity was maintained at an almost unchanged level of 63.7 +/- 1.9 mEq/liter. In K+ depleted animals (6 weeks on low K+ diet), the peritubular membrane potential was significantly higher than in control animals, -74.8 +/- 2.1 mV, and cellular K+ activity was moderately but significantly reduced to 58.1 +/- 2.7 mEq/liter, Under all conditions studied, cellular K+ was above electrochemical equilibrium. Consequently, an active mechanism for cellular K+ accumulation must exist at one or both cell membranes. Furthermore, peritubular HCO3- appears to be an important factor in maintaining normal K+ distribution across the basolateral cell membrane. PMID- 7131540 TI - The effect of status on blood pressure during verbal communication. AB - Blood pressures and heart rates of 40 subjects were recorded at 1-min intervals over 35 min during which subjects engaged in a variety of verbal activities with either a high-status or an equal-status experimenter. All subjects showed statistically significant increases in blood pressure and heart rate when speaking compared to when quiet. Blood pressure increases during speaking of the 20 subjects exposed to a high-status experimenter were significantly greater than those of subjects exposed to an equal-status experimenter. While the blood pressure increase was related partly to the act of speaking, the amount of increase was also related to the social distance between experimenter and subject. The results are discussed relative to behavioral interventions for the treatment of hypertension. PMID- 7131541 TI - Psychophysiological and cognitive characteristics of ulcer and rheumatoid arthritis patients. AB - This study examined differences in the physiological and cognitive response patterns among peptic ulcer, rheumatoid arthritis, and healthy group subjects to two types of stressors-slides of autopsies and imagined scenes involving conflicts and attitudes proposed to be associated with the two psychosomatic disorders. Ten subjects were assessed in each group. Results indicated that the ulcer patients demonstrated a heart rate accelerative trend, while arthritic and normal subjects showed significant deceleration, in response to the aversive slides of autopsies. Ulcer patients also reported paying less attention to the slides, and experiencing more anxiety when viewing them, relative to the other subjects. In response to the imagined scenes, the arthritic patients responded with more heart rate acceleration, apparently because of the greater emotional imagery produced by the scenes in these subjects. Finally, self-report and interview data did not lend support to a derivative of the specificity-of attitude model of psychosomatic disorders. PMID- 7131539 TI - Family attitudes in youth as a possible precursor of cancer among physicians: a search for explanatory mechanisms. AB - A measure of youthful family attitudes, the Closeness to Parents Scale, has continued to be predictive of cancer among physicians in a prospective study of medical students. Nonetheless, questions have remained concerning the meaning and reliability of this measure and whether its predictive value is diminishing over time. Perhaps more important, it is necessary to ascertain whether the relationship is the result of some methodological artifact or whether it is mediated by an association with known risk factors, such as smoking, drinking, and radiation exposure. Each of these issues was examined in turn, using a variety of statistical techniques to refine the scale and to equate cancer and control groups with respect to risk factors as well as possible artifacts. In a group of 913 men, it was found that the scale is primarily a function of good father-son relationships and that its association with later cancer persists even after the influence of possible mediating and artifactual variables is statistically controlled. Several possible explanations for these findings are discussed. PMID- 7131538 TI - Cell pH and luminal acidification in Necturus proximal tubule. AB - Cellular potential and pH measurements (pHi) were carried out in the perfused kidney of Necturus on proximal tubules with standard and recessed-tip glass microelectrodes under control conditions and after stimulation of tubular bicarbonate reabsorption. Luminal pH and net bicarbonate reabsorption were measured in parallel experiments with recessed-tip glass or antimony electrodes, both during stationary microperfusions as well as under conditions of isosmotic fluid transport. A mean cell pH of 7.15 was obtained in control conditions. When the luminal bicarbonate concentration was raised to 25 and 50 mM, pH, rose to 7.44 and 7.56, respectively. These changes in pHi were fully reversible. Under all conditions intracellular H+ was below electrochemical equilibrium. Thus the maintenance of intracellular pH requires "active" H+ extrusion across one or both of the cell membranes. The observed rise in pHi and the peritubular depolarization after stimulation of bicarbonate reabsorption are consistent with enhanced luminal hydrogen ion secretion and augmentation of peritubular bicarbonate exit via an anion-conductive transport pathway. PMID- 7131542 TI - Nutrition education in supermarkets: an unsuccessful attempt to influence knowledge and product sales. AB - Although much evidence links dietary patterns with coronary heart disease, effective and economical methods for inducing dietary change in nonclinical populations are needed to influence public health. This study was designed as a preliminary investigation of the feasibility of conducting effective nutrition education campaigns in supermarket settings. Eight supermarkets from a supermarket chain in the Twin Cities area participated. Four were assigned to an experimental condition in which educational materials consisting of posters, recipes, and brochures were placed in the dairy section during a 6-month period. Four other stores were assigned to a control condition and received no educational materials. Shoppers in experimental and control stores completed a nutrition survey pre- and post-intervention. In addition, sales data for 25 dairy products were collected during a 10-month period. A significant increase in knowledge on the nutrition survey between pre- and posttests occurred among shoppers in all stores. There was no significant knowledge or product sales effect due to the education campaign. Study results suggest that, overall, shopper knowledge of food selections for cardiovascular disease risk reduction is high and improving. Unfortunately, knowledge is often not reflected in food purchase patterns. PMID- 7131543 TI - Treatment of excessive crying in a terminal cancer patient: a time-series analysis. AB - Spectral analysis was used to investigate the modification of the excessive crying (48% of waking time observed during baseline) of a terminal cancer patient. Initial assessment revealed a cyclic pattern of crying and dozing throughout the day and night. Intervention involved timeout from social stimulation contingent upon crying and differential social reinforcement for behaviors incompatible with crying. Analysis showed the gradual elimination of crying during the 15-day intervention. During the initial phase of intervention crying ceased to be emitted in the presence of hospital staff but was evoked by the presence of family members. As this pattern of crying diminished, the frequency and duration of family visits, as well as the frequency of positive patient utterances and conversation, increased. Clinical, ethical, and methodological issues surrounding the use of timeout are discussed. PMID- 7131544 TI - The effects of ultrasound examination on maternal anxiety levels. AB - A study has been conducted to assess the psychological effects of real-time ultrasound on the pregnant woman's attitudes and anxiety levels. A consecutive series of primiparae, fulfilling the selection criteria of obstetrically "low risk," was assigned at random to two conditions of ultrasound, namely, (a) high feedback (N = 67), where the woman saw the moving fetus in utero; and (b) low feedback (N = 62), where the monitor screen was not visible and no specific feedback was provided. A third group of women was assessed following a wait period in order to compare state anxiety levels among the three groups. Attitude assessments showed consistent preultrasound-post-ultrasound change, with more uniformly positive attitudes displayed by the high-feedback group. No between group differences in state anxiety emerged as a result of ultrasound compared with a wait control period. No differences emerged with respect to anticipatory anxiety measures. The results are considered in the context of evidence on the importance of psychological state on the course and outcome of pregnancy. It is suggested that the low-risk characteristics of this sample may have precluded effects on anxiety and it is concluded that the therapeutic potential of ultrasound warrants further study. PMID- 7131545 TI - A laboratory technique for the assessment of pain behavior. AB - The understanding and assessment of headache has been handicapped by inadequate assessment of pain behavior. The current study aimed to develop a simple laboratory technique to evaluate a headache sufferer's apparent oversensitivity to, and avoidance of, stimuli such as noise and bright lights. The results revealed that subjects could reliably calibrate the stimuli on a scale from "comfortable" to "definitely unpleasant." Significant group differentiation (controls/headache prone) was possible on the basis of auditory stimulus sensitivity, irrespective of current pain state. On the other hand, endurance time at an intense level differentiated subjects in pain from those pain-free, irrespective of group (headache/nonheadache). The advantages and potential of such an objective assessment of pain are discussed. PMID- 7131546 TI - Social support and functioning among community and clinical groups: a panel model. AB - This study examined the relationship between social support and personal functioning in a longitudinal assessment of a representative sample of community men and women. Although there was considerable temporal stability in several indices of support and personal functioning, changes in levels of support during the follow-up period were associated with changes in functioning. These relationships varied according to the individual's gender and the source of support. Family support was more strongly related to functioning among women, while work support was more strongly related to functioning among men. In comparable analyses on patients recovering from alcoholism, levels of support and functioning were more variable over time, and changes in family support were somewhat more strongly related to changes in functioning. The findings are discussed in light of a perspective that considers the role of environmental stressors and resources in adaptation. PMID- 7131547 TI - Angiographic findings and the type A pattern assessed by means of the Bortner Scale. PMID- 7131548 TI - A comparison of psychological and pharmacological treatment in smoking cessation. AB - A double-blind trial of a smoking-withdrawal chewing gum containing 2 mg nicotine was conducted with 100 consecutive patients in a smoking cessation clinic. All patients received the usual psychological treatment given at the clinic. In addition, the patients were randomly assigned to a nicotine gum (the experimental group) or a placebo chewing gum (control group). The abstinence rates for the experimental group at 1, 3, and 6 months after quitting were 90, 76, and 63%, respectively. The comparable abstinence rates for the control group were 60, 52, and 45%. The differences were significant at the 5% level at all three follow-up periods. When nicotine dependence, as measured by a standard questionnaire, was taken into consideration, it was found that 71% of the high-nicotine-dependent smokers in the experimental group were abstinent after 6 months, as compared to 39% in the placebo group. In contrast, low-nicotine-dependent patients achieved 75 and 65%, respectively, for the same time interval. The gum was well accepted by patients and gave no serious side effects. PMID- 7131549 TI - Increasing the adherence of diabetic adolescents. AB - This study examined the effects of sequentially introducing self-monitoring, goal setting, and behavioral contracting procedures on increasing the regimen compliance of nonadherent adolescent diabetics. For each of three insulin dependent subjects, a multiple-baseline across-behaviors design was used to study three of the following target behaviors: urine testing, insulin injections, exercise, wearing diabetic identification, and home blood glucose testing. In addition to self-monitoring of adherence, measures of metabolic control of diabetes were collected before and after an 8-week treatment and at a 2-month follow-up. Adherence increased and was maintained at desired levels for two of the subjects following introduction of goal setting procedures. Metabolic control measures also showed substantial improvement for these subjects. The third subject, whose family was experiencing a variety of severe problems, did not show reliable improvement. The data suggest that graduated goal setting is a promising approach for improving adherence to diabetic regimens. PMID- 7131551 TI - Review of a modified Bristow procedure for recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation. PMID- 7131550 TI - Informing patients about drug side effects. AB - Two hundred forty-nine newly diagnosed hypertensive patients prescribed thiazide medication were recruited for study. Two-thirds were given a leaflet or patient package insert (PPI) that described the drug and its possible side effects, and one-third were not. At a revisit about 1 month later, patients were asked whether they had experienced any of 17 different "health problems." For each problem that they experienced, they were asked whether they thought the problem was related to the medicine they were taking. Ten of the health problems were taken verbatim from the PPI's list of possible drug side effects. Patients who received the PPI reported experiencing about the same number of side effects as the non-PPI subjects. However, those who received the PPI were more likely to attribute experienced reactions to the drug. This was true for both reactions specifically listed in the PPI and for similar reactions not listed. Results support the notion of an "attribution-labeling" process rather than a "suggestion" effect. PMID- 7131552 TI - Radiological seminar CCXXIV: Radionuclide cerebral angiography and brain death. PMID- 7131554 TI - Assessment of the naked DNA content in oligonucleosome preparations. PMID- 7131553 TI - Medico-legal brief: MD wins suit against Blue Shield. PMID- 7131555 TI - Structure of Panulirus interruptus hemocyanin at 5 A resolution. PMID- 7131556 TI - Studies on hemoglobin intermediates. A new method for studying the reaction of Hb4(CO)3 with CO in human, carp, rabbit and opossum hemoglobin. PMID- 7131558 TI - Shape, conformation and stability of fibronectin fragments determined by electron microscopy, circular dichroism and ultracentrifugation. PMID- 7131557 TI - Three-dimensional crystals of a membrane protein complex. The photosynthetic reaction centre from Rhodopseudomonas viridis. PMID- 7131559 TI - Interaction of vinblastine with steady-state microtubules in vitro. PMID- 7131561 TI - Abstracts of the fourth meeting of the Australian and New Zealand Section of the International Society for Heart Research, Auckland, New Zealand, 16-17 August, 1982. PMID- 7131560 TI - Structure of satellite tobacco necrosis virus at 3.0 A resolution. PMID- 7131562 TI - D-600 blocks spontaneous discharge, excitability and contraction of cultured embryonic chick heart cells. PMID- 7131563 TI - Free energy change of ATP-hydrolysis: a causal factor of early hypoxic failure of the myocardium? PMID- 7131564 TI - Intact isolated sinus node cells from the adult rabbit heart. PMID- 7131566 TI - Mass fragmentographic determination of myocardial free fatty acids. PMID- 7131565 TI - Therapeutic effect of diltiazem on myocardial cell injury during the calcium paradox. PMID- 7131567 TI - Effect of isoproterenol and taurine on heart calcium in normal and cardiomyopathic hamsters. PMID- 7131568 TI - Calcium uptake during post-ischemic reperfusion in the isolated rat heart: influence of extracellular sodium. PMID- 7131569 TI - Action potential characteristics of rat cardiac cells do not change with time in culture. PMID- 7131571 TI - Embryo transfer in vivo. AB - Records of 44 patients with advanced ectopic pregnancy were reviewed. The author demonstrates that in vivo embryo transfer can reimplant later than one week of gestation and that implantation does not require endometrium as the only implantation site. Other tissues and organs can support implantation, but adequate hormonal secretion is necessary. PMID- 7131570 TI - Program and abstracts of the meeting of the American Section of the International Society for Heart Research. 26-29 May 1982. New Orleans. PMID- 7131572 TI - Conversion of atrial flutter to sinus rhythm by carotid sinus pressure. AB - Conversion of atrial flutter to normal sinus rhythm via carotid sinus stimulation by manual pressure is not a well-known phenomenon. Two cases of atrial flutter in which carotid sinus pressure restored the sinus rhythm are presented. Since this procedure is usually benign, it is recommended that it be tried on patients having atrial flutter with fast ventricular rate accompanied by hemodynamic decompensation. This may be particularly useful if the patient has been receiving digoxin, that is, when cardioversion may become potentially problematic. Electrophysiological mechanisms of conversion of atrial flutter to sinus rhythm are discussed. PMID- 7131573 TI - Iatrogenic injuries to extrahepatic ducts and associated vessels: a twenty-five year analysis. AB - From 1966 to 1981, there were 4,425 cholecystectomies at Saint Francis General Hospital and affiliated hospitals with a resultant iatrogenic injury rate of 6.3 percent. There were 279 intraoperative surgical accidents which involved injuries to the extrahepatic veins, arteries, and ducts. In addition, there were postoperative subdiaphragmatic collections of serum, bile, and/or blood. The mortality rate for these 279 injuries was zero but the morbidity was 32 percent. The ultimate success of the intraoperative phase of cholecystectomy depends upon the knowledge and experience of the surgeon, adequate lighting, retraction, and satisfactory anesthesia. PMID- 7131575 TI - Intrauterine growth retardation associated with uterine malformations. AB - Intrauterine growth retardation is caused by factors that prevent adequate fetal nourishment or by factors that intrinsically affect the fetus. Limited available space due to a congenitally malformed uterus may prevent normal intrauterine development. Two cases are presented here. A review of the available literature confirms the tendency of women with congenital uterine malformations to have smaller offspring. Intrauterine growth retardation should be added to the more commonly known complications associated with a congenitally malformed uterus. PMID- 7131574 TI - Multifocal defects and splenomegaly in sarcoidosis: a new scintigraphic pattern. AB - Sarcoidosis involves the spleen in a significant percentage of patients afflicted with this disease. The most commonly applied modality for studying such patients is the (99m)Tc-sulfur colloid scan. Different patterns have been recognized: "normal" spleen and nonspecific splenic enlargement, with or without focal areas of photon deficiency, which was thought to represent an infarction in a previous report. We have encountered two patients showing splenomegaly and multifocal photon deficiencies secondary to sarcoid granulomata. These cases are presented to inform clinicians of a new pattern. Our patients were managed with systemic corticosteroids and palliation of pain. If symptoms persist or worsen, splenectomy may be necessary to avoid spontaneous rupture. An abbreviated differential diagnosis of the enlarged spleen with multiple focal defects is discussed. PMID- 7131576 TI - Hope Index Scale: an instrument for the objective assessment of hope. AB - Although many clinical observations suggest that Hope influences the onset, duration, prognosis, and recovery from mental and physical illnesses, a lack of direct scientific proof persists because no method exists for the objective assessment of hope. We have now constructed the Hope Index Scale, a testing instrument for the measurement of this rather elusive human attribute. Upon testing control and experimental subjects, it was found that score distribution on the Hope Index Scale correlates negatively with Beck's Hopelessness Scale (Pearson r = -.88, P <.001) and is independent of age, race, or sex. It is concluded that this tool can help identify individuals with varying degrees of psychosocial problems and that scores of 150 or below are indicative of pathologic hope deficit often associated with suicide. PMID- 7131577 TI - Pathogenesis of tubal pregnancy. AB - A review was made of 706 ectopic pregnancies treated at Howard University Hospital over a 20-year period. Comparison of two 10-year periods was made with special regard to the association of an inflammatory process in the involved tube. It is not the intention of this study to deny chronic pelvic inflammatory disease as a factor in the etiology of ectopic pregnancy, but it is not considered the main cause.An inflammatory process was associated in 40.1 percent of cases during the first 10 years, and 16.7 percent of cases in the second 10 years. Further study is necessary to elucidate the cause of ectopic pregnancy, probably in the direction of functional disturbances rather than structural defects. PMID- 7131578 TI - Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: treatment success with dexamethasone. AB - A newborn infant with clinical and radiologic evidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia was successfully managed with dramatic improvement within 36 hours of treatment with dexamethasone.As treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia is controversial, it is interesting to observe the clinical progress of one suggested mode of therapy with such remarkable results as illustrated in this case, particularly with radiologic follow-up. PMID- 7131579 TI - Acrocephalosyndactyly with hydrocephalus and dextrocardia in a Nigerian child. AB - A rare case of dextrocardia and hydrocephalus in a patient with acrocephalosyndactyly is reported. In the patient presented here, barium meal studies showed the gastrointestinal tract to be in normal position. There was no evidence of cardiac disease but the patient showed some neurological retardation at age nine months. PMID- 7131580 TI - Treatment of colorectal cancer. AB - Carcinoma of the colorectum should be suspected and diagnosed early and treated adequately. Principles of surgical therapy are discussed. Meticulous follow-up is essential and re-exploration to remove recurrent disease is necessary. PMID- 7131581 TI - On the choice of subject populations for research in neurobehavioral toxicology. AB - The choice of experimental subjects for research in neurobehavioral toxicology influences the questions that may be asked and the generality of findings obtained. In particular, the relative merits of "random bred" animals, heterogeneous stocks, selected lines, and inbred strains are discussed. Several aspects of genetic-environmental coaction that may influence data are described, and general issues for their analyses discussed. PMID- 7131582 TI - The injection of the delayed neurotoxin tri-O-tolyl phosphate into embryonating chicken eggs and its effects on subsequent chick development. AB - Tri-o-tolyl phosphate (TOTP) was injected into the yolk sac of 120-h chicken embryos at concentrations equivalent to 200,100, 50, 25, or 0 (vehicle control) microgram TOTP/g egg. On d 22 of incubation, all live hatchlings were wing banded, weighed, and housed in a brooder battery according to treatment level. Birds were examined daily for mortality as well as for development of clinical signs indicative of delayed neurotoxicity. Body weights were determined at weekly intervals for 4 wk. At the end of the fourth week, all birds were killed and necropsied. Liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius, ovary or testes, and comb (male only) were removed and weighed. The injection of 200 microgram TOTP/g egg significantly depressed hatchability when compared to controls. Chick mortality was not significantly affected by TOTP injection. Clinical symptoms characteristic of delayed neurotoxicity did not develop during the 4-wk observation period. TOTP injection caused a transient growth depression that disappeared by 4 wk of age in both sexes. Organ weighs at 4 wk of age were not consistently affected by the treatment. PMID- 7131583 TI - Studies on the effect of dietary protein and fat content upon DDT metabolism in rat liver. AB - Rats were supplied with 25 kinds of food, which were divided into 5 classes of protein and 5 classes of fat content, to examine the effect of dietary protein and fat on the metabolism and retention of DDT in the liver. The results suggested that dietary protein and fat changed DDT and its metabolites concentration in liver. The concentration of DDT decreases according to the increase of dietary protein content. The concentration of DDT and its metabolites in liver increases when the dietary fat content increases. Polynomial and multiple regression analyses were carried out to confirm the effect of dietary protein and fat on DDT metabolism. The results suggest that the residual concentration of DDT and its metabolites (DDD and DDE) is a function of dietary protein and fat content, and can be represented in equation form. The estimation of the concentration of DDT and its metabolites from the equation agrees well with the measured concentration in liver. PMID- 7131584 TI - Multiparametric evaluation of the toxic responses of normal human cells treated in vitro with different classes of environmental toxicants. AB - Eight compounds representing three classes of chemicals were evaluated for their toxic effects on normal neonatal human foreskin fibroblasts in vitro. A battery of toxicity assays was employed to measure the effects of the chemicals on cell viability, DNA synthesis, protein synthesis, DNA repair synthesis, cell ultrastructure, membrane-bound and soluble cytoplasmic proteins, and the activities of six enzymes: beta-glucuronidase, acid phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, 5'mononucleotidase, and calcium-magnesium activated (Na+,K+)-dependent ATPase. The compounds evaluated included two antibiotics, each with a metabolic derivative-sulfamethazine (SMZ) and acetylsulfamethazine (ASZ), and carbadox (CBX) and desoxycarbadox (DCX); two anthelmintics-haloxon (HAL) and sansalid (SAN); and a steroid with a metabolic derivative, 17 alpha-estradiol (17-AE) and 17 alpha-estradiol-17-beta-D-glucoside (AE-G). Compounds with similar biological functions often elicited different patterns of response in the normal fibroblasts. For example, the two anthelmintics, HAL and SAN, were similar to each other in that they induced 50% relative cloning efficiencies (EC50) at approximately the same concentrations (HAL = 52 microgram/ml, SAN = 58 microgram/ml), and neither inhibited protein synthesis. They differed, however, in their effects of DNA synthesis. SAN did not inhibit DAN synthesis, while HAL was a profound inhibitor of DNA synthesis (98% inhibition after 4 h at 100 microgram/ml). Because the various toxicants elicited such a variety of response patterns as measured by a multiplicity of parameters, we conclude that similarities in survival responses of cells to closely related toxicants may arise frequently through toxic action at different sites within the cells. PMID- 7131585 TI - Cadmium toxicity in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. AB - Primary cultures of rat hepatocytes served as an experimental model to evaluate the cytotoxicity of cadmium chloride. Cellular injury was assessed by a series of enzymatic and functional indices in 24-h-old cultures exposed for 1 h to concentrations of cadmium chloride ranging from 50 to 400 muM. In cultures that were evaluated immediately after the 1-h exposure to cadmium, little evidence of toxicity was observed as evaluated by total cellular protein content and cell viability. In similarly treated cultures, leakage of lactate dehydrogenase from the hepatocytes into the culture medium was increased in a dose-dependent manner. The most sensitive indicators of cadmium toxicity proved to be two parameters of metabolic activity: lactate-to-pyruvate (L/P) ratios, and intracellular levels of urea. Cadmium exposure produced substantial increases in L/P ratios and decreases in urea content in the cultured liver cells. If the cultures were allowed to recover by replacing the cadmium-containing medium after 1 h of exposure with fresh medium for 24 h, cellular protein content and cell viability were shown to decrease by 40%. These findings indicate that measures of metabolic integrity of cultured hepatocytes are more sensitive indices of early cadmium cytotoxicity than are routine, nonspecific measures such as cellular protein content and dye exclusion viability tests, which detect the later stages of cell injury, i.e., cell death. PMID- 7131586 TI - Cardiopulmonary toxicity of tetrachloroethylene. AB - Tetrachloroethylene (1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethene) is a widely used organic solvent capable of producing adverse renal, hepatic, and central nervous system effects. The cardiac effects of tetrachloroethylene, thus far unexplored, were studied in several species. To standardize the dosimetry, tetrachloroethylene was prepared for intravenous injection in solutions of Tween 80, which had no demonstrable cardiotoxicity. In rabbits under urethane and in cats and dogs under pentobarbital, tetrachloroethylene increased the vulnerability of the ventricles to epinephrine-induced extra-systoles, bigeminal rhythms, and tachycardia. The mean threshold doses of tetrachloroethylene were 10 mg/kg in rabbits, 24 mg/kg in cats, and 13 mg/kg in dogs. In rabbits this threshold dose for cardiac arrhythmias correspond to blood levels between 2.2 and 3.6 microgram/ml. Animals demonstrating a reflex bradycardia to vasopressor doses of epinephrine were relatively resistant to the arrhythmogenic action of tetrachloroethylene. Ventricular arrhythmias occurred in less than 30% of the animals after tetrachloroethylene alone. In cats higher doses of tetrachloroethylene (40 mg/kg) produced acute pulmonary edema. Tetrachloroethylene (30-40 mg/kg) decreased left intraventricular dP/dt (max) in dogs, without significantly increasing left intraventricular end-diastolic pressure, although there was a transient decrease in arterial blood pressure that accompanied the early phase of myocardial depression. These results are being used as the basis for studies of the chronic effects of tetrachloroethylene on cardiac performance. PMID- 7131588 TI - Effects of organotin compounds on maximal electroshock seizure (MES) responsiveness in mice. I. TRI(n-alkyl)tin compounds. AB - Male mice (25-30 g) were injected (ip) with 0, 3.5 X 10(-6), or 17.5 X 10(-6) mol trimethyltin bromide (TMT), triethyltin bromide (TET), tri-n-propyltin chloride (TPT), or tri-n-butyltin bromide (TBT) per kg. Additional groups of mice were also injected (ip) with either 0 or 17.5 X 10(-6) mol sodium bromide (NaBr) or 17.5 X 10(-6) mol stannic bromide (SnBr4) per kg. The mice were tested with maximal electroshock seizure (MES) at 0.5, 4, 21-24, and 96 h following exposure to the organotin compounds. Mice exposed to TMT, TET, TPT, or TBT exhibited dose dependent decreases in MES severity as evaluated by seizure-grade distributions and duration of tonic seizure phases. The tri-n-alkyltin compounds exhibited a structure-activity relationship in their ability to decreased maximal responsiveness to the MES test. In order of decreasing ability they were: TMT greater than TET greater than TPT greater than TBT. Administration of NaBr and SnBr4 did not alter MES responsiveness, indicating the essential role of the alkyl moieties of the tri-n-alkyltin compounds in producing alterations in central nervous system function. PMID- 7131587 TI - Assessment of the effects of acrylamide, methylmercury, and 2,5-hexanedione on motor functions in mice. AB - Neurotoxic effects of acrylamide, methylmercury, and 2,5-hexanedione were studied in forth female BALB/c mice. The chemicals were dissolved in distilled water and administered via light-tight drinking bottles. Three control groups were used. The first received distilled water, the second received concentrated saccharin solution to assess the effects of reduced water intake, and the third was maintained on a reduced food diet. Motor functions were quantified by measuring landing foot-spread and rotarod performance. Baseline data were collected before dosing started. Mice were placed, twice weekly, on an accelerating rotarod, and their retention time was recorded. In the landing foot-spread test, the experimenter dropped mice from 15 cm onto a flat, smooth surface once a week. The hindlimb splay was then measured by the examiner. Both experimenter and examiner were unaware of the identity of each group (except of the food deprived group, in the case of the experimenter) during the first exposure. Decreased retention time and increased hindlimb splay were observed in mice after 12 d of exposure to acrylamide. Recovery followed treatment cessation. Increased hindlimb splay preceded an obvious decline of rotarod performance in the group receiving the 10 ppm of methylmercury solution. Mice receiving the 20 and 40 ppm of methylmercury solutions did not display any change in these tests before overt signs of toxicity. 2,6-Hexanedione produced a small decline in performance to a constant level after 85 d of exposure. After dosing termination, performance returned to baseline values. Control groups showed no change in performance on either the rotarod or the landing foot-spread test. Our data show that the rotarod and hindlimb splay tests in mice are about equal in sensitivity to the effects of the neurotoxic chemicals tested. PMID- 7131589 TI - Effects of organotin compounds on maximal electroshock seizure (MES) responsiveness in mice. II. Tricyclohexyltin and triphenyltin. AB - Male mice (25-30 g) were injected (ip) with either 0, 3.5 X 10(-6), 17.5 X 10( 6), or 26.25 X 10(-6) mol/kg of either tricyclohexyltin bromide (TCT) or triphenyltin acetate (TPhT) in a corn-oil vehicle. The mice were tested for maximal electroshock seizure (MES) at 0.5, 4, 24, and 96 h following exposure to the organotin compounds, and the durations of seizure phases were measured and used to assess seizure severity. No significant changes in seizure-grade distribution, as compared to controls, were observed in any of the TCT- or TPhT treated groups at any of the time points examined. No significant changes in the duration of seizure phases, as compared to controls, were observed in animals dose with 3.5 X 10(-6) mol/kg of TCT or TPhT at any of the time points evaluated. At 0.5 h following exposure, the mice dosed with the two higher levels of TCT or TPhT exhibited increases in MES severity. At 4 and 24 h following exposures, the mice exposed to the two higher dose levels of TPhT exhibited decreases in MES severity, followed by a recovery of normal seizure severity at 96 h. Conversely, the animals dosed with the higher dose levels of TCT exhibited at increased MES severity at 4, 24, and 96 h following exposure. These results, in combination with those in the preceeding paper (Doctor and Fox, 1982), reveal that at equimolar doses TCT And TPhT possess a different spectrum of action than the tri n-alkyltins. PMID- 7131590 TI - The Clara cell: an electron microscopy examination of the terminal bronchioles of rats and monkeys following inhalation of hexachlorocyclopentadiene. AB - The effects of inhalation of hexachlorocyclopentadiene (Hex) up to 14 wk on the terminal bronchioles of rats and monkeys was examined by electronic microscopy. Exposed rats elicited a concentration-related increase in the incidence of electron-lucent inclusions in the bronchiolar Clara cells when compared to controls. The inclusions in the high-concentration (0.2 ppm) group were round and more abundant than the rod-shaped inclusions observed in the intermediate (0.05 ppm) and low-concentration (0.01 ppm) exposure group. No ultrastructural changes were observed that could be attributed to the inhalation of Hex vapor in exposed monkeys. The origin and significance of these inclusions is discussed in light of the literature. PMID- 7131591 TI - Coumaphos: delayed neurotoxic effect following dermal administration in hens. AB - This study reports the differential neurotoxic effects of coumaphos [O,O-diethyl O-(3-chloro-4-methyl-7-coumarinyl) phosphorothioate] when applied orally or dermally in the adult hen. Dermal administration of single (50-500 mg/kg) or daily (100 mg/kg) doses resulted in delayed neurotoxicity in hens, similar to that caused by other delayed neurotoxic organophosphorus compounds. Coumaphos caused loss of weight and produced ataxia, which progressed to paralysis and death. Degeneration of axons and myelin in the spinal cord was the most consistent histopathologic alteration and was identical to that reported for other delayed neurotoxic organophosphorus esters. Only one hen showed peripheral nerve degeneration. Oral administration of a single 100 mg/kg dose or daily doses of 10 mg coumaphos caused severe acute toxicity and killed all treated hens 1-8 d. These hens did not develop delayed neurotoxicity. Some hens given a single oral 50-mg/kg dose or daily 5-mg/kg doses of coumaphos recovered from the initial cholinergic effect and developed clinical signs of delayed neurotoxicity. These hens, however, improved with time and did not show unequivocal nervous-tissue damage at termination. PMID- 7131592 TI - Effect of phospholipase A2 on calcium transport in brain synaptosomes. AB - Pretreatment of isolated brain synaptic endings with commercial phospholipase A2 isolated from venom of Apis mellifera, followed by a BSA washing, selectively inhibited the depolarization-dependent portion of 45Ca uptake. Phospholipase A2 initially caused an increase of synaptosome respiration and subsequently inhibited their oxygen uptake, but this effect was completely abolished in BSA containing media. The classical uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation, DNP, produced release of 45Ca or [3H]GABA from superfused synaptosomes previously loaded with radioactive calcium or GABA. The treatment of synaptosomes with phospholipase A2 had no effect on the spontaneous efflux of 45Ca or [3H]GABA. However, depolarization-dependent release of [3H]GABA from synaptosomes treated with phospholipase A2 was significantly inhibited. We suggest that the inhibition of depolarization-dependent influx of 45Ca into synaptosomes treated with phospholipase A2 may be attributed to the lesion of the specific function of plasma membrane rather than to the impairment of the calcium-sequestrating function of intraterminal structures. PMID- 7131593 TI - Sonication-enhanced histochemistry of wheat germ agglutinin binding to intracellular sites of rat layer V cortical neurons and spinal motoneurons. AB - Cellular surface carbohydrates have been studied extensively in relation to cell interactions. However, the presence of intracellular carbohydrates not associated with cell surface membranes has not been well-defined histochemically. We describe a technique for the ultrastructural localization of intracytoplasmic carbohydrates using a wheat germ agglutinin peroxidase conjugate. The ultrastructural aspects of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) binding to intracellular structures of rat somatomotor cortex layer V neurons and spinal cord motoneurons were examined using sonication to enhance penetration of the lectin-peroxidase conjugate. In addition to the membrane-associated structures previously described by others, WGA binding was observed on neuronal nuclear chromatin, nuclear pores, ribosomes, microtubules, vesicular organelles, and to synaptic complexes, primarily in the presynaptic bouton. The results support data indicating that complex carbohydrates may be important in neuronal molecular processing. PMID- 7131594 TI - Kainic acid alters cholinergic responses in the rat retina: a 2-deoxyglucose study. AB - Intraocular injections of the neuroexcitatory toxin, kainic acid, did not alter the output of the retinal ganglion cells, as determined by the rate of glucose use in the stratum griseum superficialis of the superior colliculus. However, significant differences were observed in cholinergic interactions of the ganglion cells after kainic acid treatment. Intraocular injection of kainic acid prevented the increase in the stratum griseum superficialis activity typically produced by systemic injection of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP). In addition, the retinal ganglion cells were strikingly sensitive to intraocular injections of acetylcholine 1 week after exposure to kainic acid, as reflected in the marked increased glucose utilization in the stratum griseum superficialis. This responsiveness to acetylcholine may be entirely due to the 80% decrease in acetylcholinesterase in the retina observed 1 week after kainic acid exposure or in part to a supersensitivity of the ganglion cells following the period of acetylcholine depletion. PMID- 7131595 TI - Studies in neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis: enzymes of liver and brain tissues involved in the defense against oxidative damage. AB - The levels and the nature of peroxidase isozymes in the liver and brain tissues of a patient with Batten-Spielmeyer-Vogts (BSV) syndrome were found to be comparable to those of normal controls, indicating that peroxidase deficiency is probably not the basic genetic defect in Battens disease. The isoelectric focusing profile (four isozymes at pI 4.0, 4.5, 5.3, and 7.2) of liver peroxidases in the BSV patient was similar to that of normal control. Ion exchange chromatography revealed no noticeable difference in the liver peroxidase isozymes of the normal control and the BSV syndrome patient. The quantitative difference often observed in total peroxidase activity in normals and BSV syndrome patients can be attributed to different amounts of hemoglobin, which is known to express peroxidase activity. The levels of other enzymes known to be involved in the defense of tissues against oxidative damage, such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and catalatic and peroxidatic activities of catalalase in the liver and brain tissues of the Battens patient, were comparable to the levels in the control subject. The brain peroxidase from both normal subjects and the Battens patient was completely inhibited by 5 mM sodium azide, whereas it did not affect the liver peroxidase activity. PMID- 7131596 TI - Toxic effects of ouabain and food and cosmetic dyes on nerve growth factor promoted differentiation of neurites in culture. PMID- 7131597 TI - Cytotoxicity of chloropeptide in isolated hepatocytes and its inactivation by microsomes. AB - Chloropeptide, a hepatotoxic mycotoxin of Penicillium islandicum Sopp, induces gross changes in cell morphology including blebbing and ballooning of the cytoplasmic membrane in the isolated hepatocytes, and this hepatotoxic potential of chloropeptide is abolished by microsomal cytochrome P-450 system. PMID- 7131598 TI - Effect of chlorinated ethanes and ethylenes on electron transport in rat liver mitochondria. AB - For all members of the chlorinated ethane and ethylene series except monochloroethylene, the effects on the oxygen consumption of isolated rat mitochondria were studied. All the tested compounds inhibited glutamate and malate oxidation, and their inhibitory potency increased in the order of the number of contained chlorines. The eight compounds of greatest potency were also investigated for their inhibition of succinate oxidation in mitochondria and inhibition of NADH oxidation in sonicated submitochondrial particles. The data obtained suggested that the inhibition of substrate oxidation was due to blockade of electron transport and the most susceptible portion was located from NADH to CoQ. PMID- 7131599 TI - Phagocytosis of colloidal carbon in perfused liver of rats and rabbits. AB - A constant-flow, nonrecirculating system was used to study the extraction efficiency of colloidal carbon in the perfused liver of rats and rabbits. In both species, a diminution in perfusate flow produced an increased extraction efficiency. The extraction efficiency also increased with a decrease in the carbon concentration of the perfusate. In identical conditions regarding the flow rate and carbon concentration, the perfused liver of the rabbits showed a relatively lower phagocytic efficiency than that of the rats. PMID- 7131600 TI - Effects of prenatal treatment with methylazoxymethanol acetate on growth, development, reproductive performance, learning ability and behavior in the rat offspring. PMID- 7131601 TI - Experience with 115 civilian venous injuries. AB - Retrospective analysis of 115 patients with venous injuries managed at Lincoln Hospital in a 7-year period disclosed a total mortality of 15%. Retrohepatic caval injury was uniformly fatal; infrarenal caval injury was not. Fifty-six per cent of victims of truncal venoarterial injuries died. Isolated venous injury of the extremity was never lethal. Ligation of injured veins of the neck and upper extremities was well tolerated. Ligation of external iliac, or common femoral, or superficial femoral veins resulted in edema in 50% of the patients compared to 7% after repair (p less than 0.05). Venoarterial injuries of iliac or femoral-level veins resulted in 37% incidence of compartment syndrome against 5% in isolated arterial injuries (p less than 0.01). Therapeutic fasciotomy after the onset of clinically evident compartment syndrome did not prevent foot drop in any patient. We advocate that all major veins of the lower extremities be repaired with the same care as arterial injuries. Prophylactic fasciotomy for all patients with iliac or femoral venoarterial injuries should be considered as strongly as with popliteal venoarterial injuries. The caliber and patency of repaired veins must be assessed by venography at operation, and again before discharge from the hospital. PMID- 7131602 TI - The use of topical antimicrobials combined with Biobrane in burn wound infections. PMID- 7131603 TI - Effect of thermal injury on glucocorticoid and androgen binding in skeletal muscles with different fiber populations. AB - The role of glucocorticoids and androgens in postburn augmentation of skeletal muscle proteolysis was investigated following a 3-second single hindlimb scald (6 to 7% body surface area) in the rat. Soleus muscles and calf muscles from the burned and unburned hindlimbs were excised 3 days postburn and compared to age matched controls to evaluate both the local and systemic effects of burn injury. Free tyrosine content in soleus and calf muscles of the burned limb was 30% and 58%, respectively, higher than in corresponding control muscles. Net proteolysis in burned limb soleus muscles, as measured by tyrosine "production' in vitro, was more than doubled as compared to controls. In contrast, tyrosine content and production by muscles from the unburned limb of burned rats dis not differ from controls. Specific binding of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone in cytosols of burned limb soleus and calf muscles was more than 80% below control level. Soleus muscles from the unburned limb of burned rats showed a 60% decrease in dexamethasone binding but that of the unburned limb calf muscles did not differ from controls. The latter difference and the observation in control rats of a relatively lower dexamethasone binding in calf muscles as compared to soleus muscles suggest that the glucocorticoid binding could be influenced by the type of fibers comprising the muscle. Unlike the glucocorticoid binding, neither the thermal injury nor the muscle fiber type had a significant effect on specific cytosolic binding of the androgen methyltrienolone by the muscle tissues studies. It is concluded that thermal injury restricted to one hindlimb leads to regional differences in skeletal muscle proteolysis and glucocorticoid binding. Muscles of the burned region exhibit stimulation of proteolysis and virtual disappearance of cytosolic glucocorticoid receptors. Muscles from the unburned region appear to have a normal rate of proteolysis and either normal or decreased glucocorticoid binding. It remains to be elucidated whether the decrease in cytosolic glucocorticoid receptors is due to changes in receptor synthesis and degradation, or to accelerated translocation of the receptors into the nucleus. PMID- 7131604 TI - Mechanisms of burn shock protection after severe scald injury by cold-water treatment. AB - Following a 3-second subxiphoid immersion of shaved, unresuscitated guinea pigs in 100 degrees C water, cardiac output (CO), mean systemic blood pressure (BP), total peripheral resistance (TPR), hematocrit (HCT), serum histamine (SH), and serum lactate (SL) were measured in untreated and cold-water treated animals up to 24 hours after injury. Animals receiving cold-water treatment (CWT) were immersed in 15 degrees C water for 15 minutes immediately after scald injury. CWT significantly (p less than 0.05) reduced SH and SL for up to 8 and 24 hours, respectively, after injury compared to untreated injured animals. HCT of CWT animals remained significantly lower than that of untreated animals for the first 8 hours after injury. However, CWT-animal HCT was not significantly different from control-animal HCT for this same period. CWT-animal BP was significantly greater than untreated-animal BP for the first 8 hours after injury. CWT- and untreated-animal TPR progressively rose after injury; however, at 24 hours after injury CWT-animal TPR was significantly reduced to 87% +/- 18.0 of preinjury values while untreated-animal TPR was maximally elevated to 170% +/- 10.0 of preinjury values. At 4 hours after injury CO of both untreated and SWT animals was significantly depressed at 56% +/- 3.0 and 50% +/- 10.0 of preinjury values, respectively. However, by 24 hours after injury untreated-animal CO remained depressed at 52% +/- 3.0 while CWT-animal CO was significantly improved at 92% +/ 19.0 of preinjury values. These studies document a beneficial hemodynamic response of severely burned animals after CWT and further verify the phenomenon of cold inhibition of burn wound tissue histamine release after severe scald injury. A correlation between decreased serum histamine and lactate levels and improved cardiovascular function following severe scald injury and CWT is also suggested. PMID- 7131605 TI - Improved survival with aggressive surgical management of noncandidal fungal infections of the burn wound. AB - A period of aggressive surgical treatment of early identification of fungal infection of the burn wound was compared with the previous 5 years' experience with patients suffering from fungal infection of burn wounds. The portion of those patients with Candida infections diagnosed and treated premortem increased from 48.0% to 63.6% and of patients with noncandidal infections from 40.8% to 67.0% in the more recent period. The mortality of patients with Candida infections in 1973 to 1977 was 83.3% and in 1978 was 87.5%. The mortality of noncandidal infections, 87.4% in 1973 to 1977, was 25.0% in 1978. Local surgical control of the infected portion of burn wounds is an effective way of improving the survival in noncandidal burn wound infections. Surgical excision of burn wounds does not alter the poor prognosis of patients with Candida invasion of the burn wound. PMID- 7131606 TI - The Parkland formula in patients with burns and inhalation injury. AB - Clinical concern over the fluid status of patients with burns and inhalation injury led us to review the course of 101 consecutive adult patients with large (20%-60% BSA) burns, all resuscitated with the Parkland formula. The results indicate that this regimen may have resulted in unnecessarily large fluid loads in patients with inhalation injury. In order to avoid the highly significant excess amount of fluid over the calculated estimate, patients with burns and inhalation injury should be resuscitated with substantially less than formula predictions, with acceptance of urine output in the range of 0.3-0.5 ml/kg/hr. PMID- 7131607 TI - A burn specific health scale. AB - The outcome of burn care is conventionally measured in terms of mortality. To extend our understanding beyond this level, and specifically to develop insight into the morbidity and other sequelae or burn injury, we have constructed a Burn Specific Health Scale (BSHS). The scale is composed of 114 items, based on the selection of items from a much larger pool by a group of professional and patient judges. The scale has been utilized to quantify dysfunction and distress across six major domains of health. Preliminary internal consistency and reliability testing of the scale has proved satisfactory. We present here the results of testing in 40 initial patients, with the following conclusions: 1) The psychosocial performance of patients with major burns lags behind their performance in other areas, and we need to explore alternate clinical strategies for their support; 2) The BSHS can be used to determine both individual and group performance and needs for intervention; 3) The postburn recovery is dynamic and undergoes marked changes for a prolonged period of time, at least 1 year post hospitalization: this must be considered when such patients are being evaluated for various purposes, e.g., disability. PMID- 7131608 TI - Steroid therapy following isolated smoke inhalation injury. AB - Steroids have no positive influence upon pulmonary related morbidity and mortality following combined smoke inhalation and thermal cutaneous injury (3, 4). Steroid administration following isolated smoke inhalation without concomitant thermal cutaneous injury has, however, been shown to have beneficial effects in previous animal studies (1). This potential therapeutic approach to treatment has not been examined in the clinical setting. Recent hotel fires in Las Vegas, Nevada, resulted in a large cohort of individuals with similar smoke exposures without associated injuries. Two of four hospitals in the triage system administered steroids following injury. Patients were divided into two groups, a steroid-treated, and a non-treated group. These groups were compared using multivariate and frequency analyses. There were no detectable differences in sex, signs, symptoms, and previous medical history. There were likewise no differences between groups with respect to oxyhemoglobin saturation, arterial oxygen tension, arterial pH, and pulmonary-related morbidity and mortality. These data suggest that steroid coverage has little beneficial effect upon pulmonary-related morbidity and mortality following isolated smoke inhalation injury. PMID- 7131609 TI - The effects of thermal injury on rat skeletal muscle microcirculation. AB - An intravital microscopic study of rat skeletal muscle microvasculature was undertaken to assess changes in peripheral blood flow distant from thermal injury following burning. We found a significant increase in RBC velocity and quantitative flow in arterioles of animals with major thermal injury (28% TBSA full-thickness burn) compared to flow in animals with minor burns (18% TBSA) and control animals. There was no evidence for arteriolar diameter changes, erythrocyte sludging, or leukocyte-endothelial adherence. Major thermal injury is associated with an increase in skeletal muscle arteriolar blood flow distant from the site of injury. PMID- 7131610 TI - Hemoperfusion for imipramine overdose: elimination of active metabolites. AB - The serum concentrations of imipramine and its pharmacologically active metabolites were followed during resin hemoperfusion for imipramine overdose. The initial serum concentration of 2-hydroxy-imipramine plus 2-hydroxy-desipramine was 13.3% of the total tricyclic antidepressant level (imipramine + desipramine + hydroxymetabolites). Despite high extraction ratio (greater than or equal to 0.75) and clearances (130--180 mL/min) for both imipramine and its metabolites, the calculated amount of drug removed was small. Only 0.91% of the estimated dose ingested was removed as imipramine, 0.52% as desipramine, and 0.33% as hydroxylated metabolites. While the hydroxylated metabolites of imipramine may contribute to its toxicity, it is unlikely that the small amount removed can explain reports of apparent clinical benefit from hemoperfusion. PMID- 7131611 TI - Effects of hemodialysis and dimercaprol in acute dichromate poisoning. AB - A 22-month-old infant died after ingesting sodium dichromate his father had brought from work. Treatment included folic acid and dimercaprol administration, hemodialysis, and exchange transfusion. To evaluate this treatment, four dogs were hemodialyzed after receiving intravenous sodium dichromate: their dialyzer chromate clearance was similar to their renal chromate clearance and their dialyzer chromate clearance was not significantly different before or after dimercaprol administration. This and other cases in the literature indicate that although chromate poisoning is often fatal, supportive care, forced diuresis, and chelating agents may be helpful. Hemodialysis may be required if renal failure occurs. Awareness of toxicity and prevention remain the most important approaches. PMID- 7131612 TI - Thallium intoxication treated with combined hemoperfusion-hemodialysis. AB - A 32-year-old woman who ingested thallium sulfate was treated with combined hemoperfusion-hemodialysis. Classical therapy, including Prussian Blue, was also administered. The clearance rate of the hemoperfusion and hemodialysis were 139 and 47 mL/min, respectively. The efficiencies of these different methods were compared with each other and with the classical methods. It was concluded that hemoperfusion was the most efficient technique in extracting thallium sulfate. The combined hemoperfusion-hemodialysis procedure is proposed for the treatment of severe intoxications with thallium sulfate. PMID- 7131613 TI - Isopropyl alcohol poisoning treated with hemodialysis: kinetics of isopropyl alcohol and acetone removal. AB - A comatose and hypotensive patient was successfully treated with hemodialysis after ingesting 480 mL of isopropyl alcohol. Removal of isopropyl alcohol and its major metabolite acetone was measured in urine, blood, and dialysate. According to dialysate measurements, approximately 19 g of isopropyl alcohol and 7 g of acetone were removed per hour using a standard 1 m2 dialyzer. The average dialysance of isopropyl alcohol and acetone were 137 and 165 mL/min, respectively. Removal of isopropyl alcohol was 52 times and acetone 40 times more efficient through hemodialysis than through urinary excretion. Since coma and hypotension portend a bad prognosis and since urinary excretion is slow relative to hemodialysis removal, hemodialysis may be considered life-saving in patients comatose from isopropyl alcohol poisoning. There have been two previous reports of hemodialysis used for treatment of isopropyl alcohol intoxication [1, 2]. Neither of these reports describes the kinetics of isopropyl alcohol removal. This paper reports a third patient treated with hemodialysis who afforded us the opportunity to study blood, urine, and dialysate levels of isopropyl alcohol and its chief metabolite, acetone. By utilizing these results a comparison was made of urine excretion to dialysis removal of these compounds to compare their respective efficacy. In addition, the estimated removal by dialysance calculations was compared to estimated removal by measurement of dialysate volumes and concentrations. PMID- 7131614 TI - Efficacy of hemoperfusion in the therapy of bromvalerylurea (bromural) intoxication. AB - We have found that charcoal hemoperfusion is effective in removing bromvalerylurea (BVU) from circulation. A patient poisoned with BVU showed a marked lightening of coma after 3 h of hemoperfusion. The BVU concentration in the patient's serum was decreased significantly by hemoperfusion. In an experiment with dogs without hemoperfusion, the BVU concentration had its peak at the fourth hour after oral administration and decreased in 24 h. In an experiment with hemoperfusion, BVU concentration in dogs decreased markedly during hemoperfusion. After hemoperfusion a rebound of concentration was observed. PMID- 7131616 TI - Fetal death due to accidental maternal carbon monoxide poisoning. PMID- 7131615 TI - Acute thioproline poisoning. AB - Thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (A.T.C.) has been marketed in France since 1964 for the treatment of hepatic and biliary disorders. [Hepalidine (Riker Lab.): Packs of 20 tablets, each containing 100 mg. Thiobiline (Riker Lab.): Packs of 20 vials, each containing 100 mg.] As early as 1970, both the Paris and Marseilles Poison Control Centres had emphasized the toxicity of this drug which induces convulsions in children subject of overdosage [1]. Brugarolas and Gosalvez have recently suggested the use of A.T.C. in the treatment of epidermoid carcinoma. They believe that the drug causes reverse transformation of tumor cells to normal ones [2]. If its efficiency is confirmed, A.T.C. should soon be very widely used and therefore its therapeutic risk needs to be clarified. PMID- 7131617 TI - Phencyclidine intoxication: assessment of possible antidotes. AB - Phencyclidine (PCP), a widely abused drug currently, has multiple pharmacological actions, including psychotomimetic [1], anesthetic [2], sympathomimetic [2], anticholinergic [3-7], and dopaminergic [8-10]. Similarly, PCP intoxication in man can present with diverse symptoms: schizophrenia-like delusions and hallucinations; mania; violence, dyskinetic, catatonic, or stereotyped movements; hypertension; and coma [11, 12]. There is general agreement that the treatment of PCP intoxication includes support of vital functions and acidification of the urine [13]. However, there is no known specific antidote for PCP toxicity. Although diazepam [13], haloperidol [14, 15], and chlorpromazine [16] have been reported to improve the agitation and psychotic symptoms caused by PCP, the therapeutic efficacy of these agents has rarely been documented with objective clinical measures. Recently we found that intramuscular physostigmine and haloperidol [17, 18] improved several symptoms of acute PCP intoxication as measured by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) [19]. PMID- 7131618 TI - Protective effects of clonidine and verapamil in experimental amitriptyline poisoning in rabbits. AB - The effects of various agents on acute amitriptyline-induced cardiotoxicity were investigated in conscious rabbits. Amitriptyline (50 mg/kg, IP) regularly produced consistent and reproducible electrocardiographic changes such as lengthening of Q-T intervals, widening of the QRS complex, arrhythmias of various types, convulsion, and severe hypotension. Prevention of these toxic manifestations by the use of various agents alone or in combination was explored. Clonidine (50 micrograms/kg, IV) and verapamil (0.25 mg/kg, IV) alone or in combination at lower doses (25 micrograms/kg plus 0.125 mg/kg, respectively) significantly reduced the lengthening of the QRS and Q-T intervals, restored sinus rhythm, maintained blood pressure at a constant level, and protected against a lethal dose of amitriptyline (75 mg/kg). These results suggest that verapamil, clonidine, and their combination appear to be promising antidotal agents in restoring cardiac function under these conditions. PMID- 7131619 TI - Maternity and child health services (MCH) and the prevention of disability. PMID- 7131620 TI - The effect of traditional birth attendants and tetanus toxoid in reduction of neo natal mortality. PMID- 7131621 TI - Mother milk and the Indonesian economy: a major national resource. PMID- 7131622 TI - State of children's health in Pakistan--1979. PMID- 7131623 TI - Heights and weights of Iranian preschool children in a rural health care network. PMID- 7131624 TI - Physical growth of preschool children in relation to a water resource development scheme in Thailand. PMID- 7131625 TI - Serum total protein, albumin and globulin of pregnant and lactating ghanaian women. PMID- 7131626 TI - Birthweights in Southern Zaria, Northern Nigeria. PMID- 7131627 TI - "QUAC-stick" in assessment of nutritional status of pre-school children. PMID- 7131628 TI - Malnutrition and child feeding practices in the Kingdom of Tonga. PMID- 7131629 TI - Infant feeding, beliefs and practices: a study of Cameroonian health care personnel. PMID- 7131630 TI - Nutrition education: its impact on malnutrition. PMID- 7131631 TI - Nutrition and child care amongst Ethiopian refugees in Eastern Sudan. Perspectives in primary case. PMID- 7131632 TI - Carcinoma of the hypopharynx. AB - This article provides an overview of the Toronto experience with carcinoma of the hypopharynx. The symptoms and clinical features of patients presenting with this disease are described. The majority of patients present with either advanced primary tumors or with disease already involving the regional lymph nodes. Survival for all patients presenting with this disease has not changed over a 16 year period. No patients presenting with bilateral or fixed nodal disease achieve five year survival. The results of radical treatment using different approaches are reviewed. Radical radiation therapy with surgery deferred for residual or recurrent disease offers a similar survival to routine combined treatment but preserves laryngeal function in 85% of those who survive five years. The prospects for improving the results of primary radical radiation therapy and our ability to surgically cure patients who fail radiation therapy are discussed. PMID- 7131633 TI - Laryngeal carcinoma in the pre-teen patient. PMID- 7131634 TI - [Metastasis of a hypernephrome to the ear]. AB - Renal cell carcinoma (Grawitz tumor, hypernephroma), may metastasize to the head and neck region at different stages of its evolution. The authors present a case of a 79 year old woman who consulted for otalgia, deafness, and tinnitus. A polyp in the external auditory canal proved to be a metastasis of a renal carcinoma. The patient underwent a nephrectomy eight years previously and had no problems since. The data on otolaryngological metastasis of this tumor as well as its pathogenesis are reviewed. PMID- 7131635 TI - A comparison of three modes of hearing aid-telephone coupling. AB - The stray magnetic field emitted by telephone receivers has been used by hearing aid wearers to improve telephone communication. Recent technical advances by Bell Canada have eliminated the magnetic field. The company sponsored the design of a hearing aid modification to compensate for the loss of this magnetic field. This report concerns the evaluation of the modification. The results of two experiments indicated that it did not provide a satisfactory substitute for the magnetic field. A by-product of this project was the development of a device (audiometer-telephone interface) which permits simulation of telephone listening, thus allowing clinical assessment of a patient's telephone communication ability. PMID- 7131636 TI - Diazepam as an anti-motion sickness drug. AB - Diazepam has been used empirically for the relief of vertigo and, in addition, there are animal studies to suggest that this drug suppresses the vestibular system. One might anticipate therefore that diazepam would be an effective antimotion sickness drug. To study this, motion sickness was generated in four groups of normal subjects by having the subject make controlled head movements while rotating at constant velocity. Every subject was subjected (using a double blind technique) to four different drug states, namely no drug, placebo, dimenhydrinate, and diazepam. Each group of subjects received the drug state at a different time interval (i.e. 30, 60, 90, and 120 min) prior to the motion sickness exposure. Motion sickness endpoints were measured subjectively using a nausea scale and objectively using a sweat sensor. The results showed significant antimotion sickness properties for both dimenhydrinate and diazepam as compared to the placebo. For the time intervals studied, the maximum effect was obtained at 120 min for both drugs. PMID- 7131637 TI - Salicylate ototoxicity in the chinchilla: a behavioral and electron microscope study. AB - Normal audiograms were obtained from a group of behaviorally conditioned chinchillas. Following this the animals were injected with sodium salicylate. Temporary hearing losses were measured 1 1/2 hours after treatment. Animals were anesthetized and blood samples taken to determine salicylate levels. The animals were then decapitated and the temporal bones were examined by SEM and TEM. No morphological correlate was seen for temporary hearing losses which were generally in the neighborhood of 30-40 dB. PMID- 7131638 TI - The value of sodium chloride crystal application to the round window for Meniere's disease. PMID- 7131639 TI - Frequency specificity and on-effect in brainstem electric response audiometry. AB - Auditory brainstem responses recorded with tone bursts (1, 2, 3, 4 kHz; 70, 50, 30 dB SL) are compared with the recordings obtained with merely the first period of these bursts. No significant differences are found. The initial cycle of a tone burst is apparently the effective stimulus for the brainstem potential. This illustrates how the brainstem electric response is an on-effect. Measurements of the frequency spectra of the first period stimuli indicate better the real frequency specificity of the tone burst method. As duration is irrelevant for evoking the auditory brainstem response, single sine stimuli seem to offer the maximum frequency specificity that can be obtained with tonal stimuli. PMID- 7131640 TI - Therapeutic embolization for severe epistaxis. AB - Severe intractable epistaxis remains a therapeutic challenge for the otolaryngologist. Embolization would appear to add a valuable treatment modality in dealing with particular cases refractory to conventional management. In selective cases it may prove superior to surgical intervention because of repeated accessibility and circumvention of the problem of collateral internal maxillary artery flow. This paper presents three cases of epistaxis of unusual causes which were initially uncontrolled by conventional management. Each patient received preliminary selective carotid angiography followed by one of two different intra-arterial embolization methods. The results were effective and illustrate the potential adjunctive or primary role embolizing procedures have in dealing with uncontrolled epistaxis. PMID- 7131641 TI - Ulcerative tuberculous tonsillitis: an uncommon entity. PMID- 7131642 TI - Thrombosis of an oral varix. PMID- 7131643 TI - Submandibular duct relocation for drooling. PMID- 7131644 TI - Effectiveness of transtympanic neurectomy in management of sialorrhea occurring in mentally retarded patients. PMID- 7131645 TI - Morphological evidence of a permeability barrier in urodele testis. PMID- 7131646 TI - Stereological studies on the epiphyseal growth plate with special reference to the distribution of matrix vesicles. PMID- 7131647 TI - The intramembrane structure of tight junctions: an experimental analysis of the single-fibril and two-fibril models using the quick-freeze method. PMID- 7131648 TI - Coated vesicles and cell plate formation in the microspore mother cell. PMID- 7131649 TI - Number changes and development potential of wool follicle cells in the early stages of fiber differentiation. PMID- 7131650 TI - Electron microscopy of MAP 2 (microtubule-associated protein 2). PMID- 7131651 TI - A profile of reported skunk rabies in Arkansas: 1977-1979. AB - Skunk rabies in Arkansas increased from 90 laboratory confirmed cases in 1977 to 140 in 1978 and 297 in 1979. In 1979, the Arkansas Department of Health declared a skunk rabies epizootic in Arkansas. Skunk rabies accounted for 90% of the total rabies cases in 1978 and 1979. March, April and May had the highest incidence in each year. SYMVU computer analysis illustrated the distribution and spread of rabies. In general, rabies was confined to the upland areas of the state. Regression analysis of 16 density-independent variables revealed no correlation with the distribution of rabies, indicating the primary determinants to be biotic. PMID- 7131652 TI - Observations on Turgida turgida (Rudolphi, 1819) (Nematoda: Physalopteroidea) in the American opossum (Didelphis virginiana). AB - Turgida turgida is a common parasite of the stomach of the American opossum in Florida. Worms were usually found attached to the greater curvature of the corpus of the stomach. Ulcers always occurred at the site of the attachment. Large ulcers were associated with groups of adult parasites and were found in the oldest experimental infections. Turgida turgida fed on food within the stomach of the opossum and attached to the stomach wall when not feeding. Third-and fourth stage larvae were found in opossums in Florida mainly from May to August suggesting that this is a major period of transmission. PMID- 7131653 TI - Horn aberrations in Dall's sheep (Ovis dalli) from Yukon Territory, Canada. AB - Horn aberrations in Dall's sheep from the Kluane Lake area of Yukon Territory were of two basic types. In the more prevalent type, the horn was severed at an annual growth check and the terminal segment of the remaining portion formed a short conical protuberance. The second type had characteristics of the first, but in addition, underwent extreme twisting or torquing during subsequent growth. Sheep with aberrant horns represented 2% of the Kluane Lake population or 14% of harvestable rams (greater than or equal to 6 yr old). Deformed horns, occurring in ewes and rams, were generally observed in animals 6 yr or older. Aberrations followed necrosis of the terminal segment of the horn core: cavitation of the sheath between successive periods of growth or the sequestering of portions of necrotic core within the sheath resulted. All sheep examined (eight) had a normal complement of 54 chromosomes. PMID- 7131654 TI - Aberrations of the tooth arcade and mandible in Dall's sheep from southwestern Yukon. AB - Nine Dall's sheep (Ovis dalli dalli) collected in the Ruby Mountains of southwestern Yukon were examined for aberrations of the tooth arcade and mandible. Missing and displaced teeth were common in older sheep (greater than or equal to 6 yr). Necrosis of the mandible was observed in five of eight rams and in one ewe. Corynebacterium pyogenes was cultured from exudates from two rams with enlarged fistulated mandibles. The sequence of events leading to lesions of the tooth arcade and to "lumpy jaw" is postulated to be associated with abnormal wearing of teeth and a disrupted alignment of the tooth arcade, impaction of vegetable matter between teeth and between the gingiva and the root of the tooth, and penetration of the traumatized gingiva membrane and alveolus by oral bacteria which induce a necrotizing infection. PMID- 7131655 TI - Effects of ration, season and animal handling on composition of bison and cattle blood. AB - Composition of ration and season of sampling markedly affected the composition of blood in six tamed bison (Bison bison) steers and eight Hereford cattle (Bos taurus) steers. Observed values extended reported ranges for albumin, phosphorus and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in bison serum. There were several differences between species in blood composition. In particular, erythrocytic and BUN values were higher in bison than in cattle. Overall mean values for bison and cattle receiving experimental rations were, respectively: BUN, 17.1 mg/dl and 14.1 mg/dl; hemoglobin, 17.8 g/dl and 13.3 g/dl; packed cell volume (PCV), 47.6% and 35.6%; red blood cells, 9.3 x 10(6)/mm3 and 8.2 x 10(6)/mm3; mean corpuscular volume (MCV), 51.3 mean 3; mean corpuscular hemoglobin, 18.9 pg and 16.1 pg. The significant changes in blood composition associated with changes in ration composition support the use of blood composition as an index of nutritional status. There were no sex-specific differences in blood of 20 bison from Elk Island National Park and 34 bison from Wood Buffalo National Park, Alberta. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level was higher in juvenile than in adult bison. Impoundment of wild bison for 24 hr was accompanied by a decrease in BUN and an increase in PCV. Wild bison that were killed during handling had significantly higher blood levels of ALP, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, MCV and phosphorus. PMID- 7131657 TI - Heartworms (Dirofilaria immitis) in coyotes (Canis latrans) in New England. PMID- 7131656 TI - Comparison and assessment of drugs used to immobilize Alaskan gray wolves (Canis lupus) and wolverines (Gulo gulo) from a helicopter. AB - One hundred and three Alaskan gray wolves and 12 wolverines were immobilized in the Nelchina and upper Susitna River Basins of southcentral Alaska between March 1977 and May 1981. Sixty-five wolves were immobilized with a mixture of phencyclidine HCl and promazine HCl (PP/HCl); 38 wolves were immobilized with etorphine HCl (EHCl) and 12 wolverines were immobilized with EHCl or with a mixture of EHCl and xylazine HCl (XHCl). Phencyclidine HCl is no longer commercially available and an assessment of etorphine HCl as a replacement drug was made. Etorphine HCl dosage of 2.5 mg/wolf proved to be a suitable replacement for PP/HCl for immobilizing wolves while 0.7 mg EHCl with 50 mg XHCl appeared suitable for wolverines. PMID- 7131658 TI - Notoedric mange in gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis). PMID- 7131659 TI - Psoroptes cuniculi in captive white-tailed deer in Michigan. PMID- 7131660 TI - Gastric nodules caused by "Anisakis type" larvae in the bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus). PMID- 7131661 TI - Prevalence of cutaneous fibromas in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in New York and Vermont. PMID- 7131662 TI - Carcinoma in the urinary bladder of a white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). PMID- 7131663 TI - Multiple primary tumors in a fennec fox (Fennecus zerda). PMID- 7131664 TI - Chronic cranial osteitis in a Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep. PMID- 7131665 TI - Secondary amyloidosis in Dall's sheep. PMID- 7131666 TI - Lead poisoning in swans in Washington State. PMID- 7131668 TI - Answer is still out regarding BCG's possible anticancer role. PMID- 7131667 TI - Parathion poisoning of wild geese in Texas. PMID- 7131669 TI - What patients want: the full facts, please. PMID- 7131670 TI - Cyanide evades some noses, overpowers others. PMID- 7131671 TI - Facial color and syncope. PMID- 7131672 TI - Risks to children from tomographic scan premedication. PMID- 7131673 TI - Human in vitro fertilization. PMID- 7131674 TI - Axillary extra mammary tissue. PMID- 7131675 TI - Post-treatment lumbar puncture. PMID- 7131676 TI - Withholding of life-sustaining treatment from the terminal ill, incompetent patient: who decides? Part I. PMID- 7131677 TI - Biochemical and hematologic correlates of alcoholism and liver disease. AB - Quadratic multiple discriminant analysis of 25 commonly ordered laboratory tests resulted in correct classification of 100% of nonalcoholics without overt liver disease, 98% of alcoholism treatment program patients with presumed mild liver involvement, 96% of alcoholics with liver disease, and 89% of nonalcoholics with liver disease. Direct comparison of the biopsy-verified alcoholic and nonalcoholic liver disease groups resulted in 100% discrimination, and removal of traditionally evaluated liver tests from the battery of 25 tests did not substantially alter the original classification accuracy. Alcoholic and nonalcoholic liver disease was still 100% differentiable when equated for number of patients with cirrhosis, hepatitis, and hepatitis combined with cirrhosis or fibrosis. Additional utility of the quadratic discriminant approach was demonstrated when 83% alcoholic and 83% nonalcoholic liver disease cases were diagnosed correctly in a prospective manner. In contrast, use of aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase ratios (ie, SGOT to SGPT) identified correctly 75% and 33% of patients, respectively. PMID- 7131678 TI - Hepatitis B immunity in hospital staff targeted for vaccination. Role of screening tests in immunization programs. AB - To estimate how many hospital workers might be exempted from immunization with newly available but expensive hepatitis B vaccine, baseline serum samples were analyzed to determine prevalence and titer of hepatitis B (HB) surface antibody (anti-HBs) and prevalence of core antibody (anti-HBc). Among 1,370 persons tested, anti-HBs was present in 279 (20.4%), including 192 (14.0%) with titers of 10 ratio units or greater. In a subset of 746 subjects who denied recent exposures, and who were tested for anti-HBc and anti-HBs, at least one of the two antibodies was found in 172 (23.1%). There were 47 (6.3%) who had anti-HBs alone and 27 (3.6%) with anti-HBc alone. Prevalence was related more closely to clinical service (eg, renal dialysis or surgery) than to title (eg, physician or technician). PMID- 7131679 TI - 'Esophageal angina' as the cause of chest pain. AB - One hundred consecutive medical emergency patients with anterior chest pain were followed to their final diagnosis to discover the prevalence of esophageal disease as the cause of anginal pain. Seventy-seven of the patients had pain that was anginal in character, and one fifth of these (16 patients) had abnormalities demonstrated by the following esophageal investigations: endoscopy with biopsy, manometry, radiology, and acid perfusion. The 16 patients whose anginal pain was thought to be due to esophageal disease all performed normally on an exercise tolerance test, and in eight of them the association between the esophagus and their symptoms was demonstrated by a positive provocation test result: esophageal acid perfusion was the most useful investigation in this group. PMID- 7131680 TI - Postsplenectomy sepsis and mortality in adults. AB - From 1955 to 1979, in Rochester, Minn, 193 residents with a mean age of 46 years underwent splenectomy. Only two cases of fulminant sepsis were documented during the 1,090 person-years of follow-up (0.18 cases per 100 person-years) in this unselected population. The incidence of any type of serious infection subsequent to splenectomy was estimated at 7.16 infections per 100 persons-years of follow up (78 cases). The incidence of infections was significantly increased among patients undergoing incidental splenectomy in conjunction with abdominal operations for malignant neoplasms or other conditions. Immunosuppression, radiation, and chemotherapy also significantly increased the risk of subsequent infection. The low risk of fulminant sepsis after splenectomy in the general adult population justifies a policy of individualization of each case as to the relative merits of splenectomy v splenic preservation. PMID- 7131681 TI - Reliability and validity of American Medical Association's guide to ratings of permanent impairment. AB - We examined the American Medical Association's Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment rating schedule to determine whether this guide provided a reliable and valid assessment of hand impairment. A sample of 118 patients with permanent hand impairment was assessed using the guide. In addition, each patient underwent tests of finger dexterity, hand strength, hand-eye coordination, and the rate of manipulation. The reliability, based on the correlation between the two raters, was 0.75. For the injured hand, psychomotor test scores were highly correlated with the rating of permanent impairment in all cases. These differences were statistically significant for approximately two thirds of the cases. The guide's ratings showed both substantial reliability and accuracy with the various tests of hand function. PMID- 7131682 TI - Atrioventricular block induced by swallowing in a patient with diffuse esophageal spasm. AB - A patient had syncope induced by swallowing. Electrocardiographic monitoring during eating and esophageal balloon inflation demonstrated a second-degree atrioventricular block (Mobitz type II) with dizziness. Radiologic and manometric examinations of the esophagus showed diffuse esophageal spasm associated with hypertension of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES), gastroesophageal reflux, and a sliding hiatal hernia. Cineradiographic observations were made during ingestion of a meal mixed with barium; at the time of cardiac dysrhythmia, the proximal part of the esophagus containing the bolus assumed a balloonlike shape, while the distal part and the UES contracted. On the basis of these observations and review of all published cases, we propose the pathways of this esophagocardiac reflex and discuss up-to-date treatment. PMID- 7131683 TI - Fatal encephalitis apparently due to rabies. Occurrence after treatment with human diploid cell vaccine but not rabies immune globulin. PMID- 7131684 TI - Survival during fasting may depend on fat as well as protein stores. PMID- 7131685 TI - Pneumococcal meningitis associated with retroperitoneal abscess. A rare complication of lumbar puncture. PMID- 7131686 TI - Well-tolerated bacteremia of five years' duration. PMID- 7131687 TI - Pregnancy after gliosis uteri (endometrii). PMID- 7131688 TI - Myocardial infarction in a national-class swimmer. PMID- 7131689 TI - Chest pain: heart? gullet? both? neither? PMID- 7131690 TI - Infection after splenectomy. PMID- 7131691 TI - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Council on Scientific Affairs. PMID- 7131692 TI - Quadratic discriminant analysis as an aid to interpretive reporting of clinical laboratory tests. PMID- 7131693 TI - Light from surgical microscope may damage retina during eye surgery. PMID- 7131694 TI - Oncogene's point mutation produces cancer. PMID- 7131695 TI - Withholding of life-sustaining treatment from the terminally ill, incompetent patient: who decides? Part II. PMID- 7131697 TI - Potency of ragweed extracts. PMID- 7131696 TI - Cause of death in the very old. PMID- 7131698 TI - Postpartum hemolytic-uremic syndrome. PMID- 7131699 TI - Metrizamide cisternography. PMID- 7131700 TI - Vaccination and breast feeding. PMID- 7131701 TI - Nasal packing after surgery. PMID- 7131702 TI - The limited spectrum of patients studied in exercise test research. Analyzing the tip of the iceberg. AB - To investigate reasons for the wide variation in formal studies of sensitivity and specificity indexes for the diagnostic efficacy of the graded exercise test for angiographically defined coronary disease, data were collected on 205 consecutive exercise tests at two hospital-based exercise laboratories. For calculations of sensitivity and specificity, stress test data are usually analyzed with many exclusions for ineligibility, with equivocal results omitted, and only in patients undergoing angiography. Consequently, only 3% of patients who received the tests in this survey would have been included in a typical formal study of diagnostic efficacy. In the same way that the visible tip of an iceberg misrepresents its extent and depth, the patients assembled in studies of diagnostic tests may be a highly selected group that misrepresents the intended population. PMID- 7131703 TI - Primary immunization with tetanus and diphtheria toxoids. Reaction rates and immunogenicity in older children and adults. PMID- 7131704 TI - Maternal Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type X. Successful management of pregnancy and parturition. PMID- 7131705 TI - Bronchogenic carcinoma with invasion of the spine. Treatment with combined surgery and perioperative brachytherapy. AB - A 64-year-old man with bronchogenic carcinoma was noted to have invasion of the chest wall and spine at time of diagnosis. Computed tomography and myelography demonstrated destruction of the vertebral body with epidural extension. After preoperative radiotherapy, resection of the involved lung, chest wall, and spine was accomplished. Afterloading catheters were placed for tumor-bed perioperative iridium 192 irradiation. The patient is free to disease two years after treatment. We describe the afterloading perioperative brachytherapy technique used and suggest this multidisciplinary approach for bronchogenic carcinoma invading the spine. PMID- 7131706 TI - Antenatal treatment of hydrocephalus by ventriculoamniotic shunting. PMID- 7131707 TI - Central bilateral pulmonary infiltrates in an asymptomatic man. PMID- 7131709 TI - The 6th Conference on Prevention for Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease. January 10, 1981, Kyoto. PMID- 7131708 TI - An extensive primary myocardial fibrosis in progressive systemic sclerosis--a case report with autopsy findings. AB - An extensive myocardial fibrosis due to progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) was described in a 36-year-old normotensive woman without pulmonary hypertension. An electrocardiogram showed low voltage and a pseudo-infarctional pattern in leads V1 through V3. Right ventricular dilatation and generalized left ventricular hypokinesis were present, but her pulmonary artery pressure was normal. Serum creatine kinase (CK) was elevated to 2305 U/L and CK-MB isoenzyme was as high as 7.1%. Simultaneously performed isoenzyme analysis of CK from the homogenate of the skeletal muscle of the patient showed a similar pattern, thus confirming that serum CK originated mainly from the skeletal muscle lesions. Autopsy findings demonstrated diffuse myocardial fibrosis and relatively unremarkable changes in the lungs and the kidneys. Our case serves as a warning that primary myocardial fibrosis could be, in some cases, so extensive that it might lead to a rapidly aggravated myocardial dysfunction and eventual death. PMID- 7131710 TI - The throat culture in Kawasaki disease. AB - Recently, Kawasaki disease has been attracting more attention as a new acquired heart disease in pediatrics, but the etiology of this disease has still not been established. In this study, the authors performed throat cultures not only on the patients themselves but also on their parents in order to investigate its etiology. No abnormal and specific bacterium was found in the present study. However, there have been many reports which may suggest bacterial or viral involvement at the onset of this disease. Therefore, it may be necessary to continue bacteriological analysis more systematically. PMID- 7131711 TI - A study of nutritional and bio-geochemical factors in the occurrence and development of Keshan disease. AB - Keshan disease is a chronic endemic cardiomyopathy, which was first discovered in the rural areas of China. The author proposes that Keshan disease is a nutritional bio-geochemical disease. The differences between the endemic and non endemic areas consist of the water-soil factors (bio-geochemical elements) in the natural environment. The etiological factor of the natural environment in the endemic region acts on the human body by way of the food consumed. Those who lived on a "single type of food", which was produced from their own fields, were liable to suffer from Keshan disease. Young females of child-bearing age and children after lactation were the most frequent victims of the disease. The use of soy-beans to improve the diet and oral administration of sodium selenite will prevent Keshan disease. Experiments on animals fed on cereals and vegetables from the endemic areas areas have shown that there might be some myocardial necrotizing factor and/or growth inhibition factor in the water-soil elements. PMID- 7131712 TI - Atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries in collagen disease and allied disorders, with special reference to vasculitis as a preceding lesion of coronary atherosclerosis. AB - To clarify the etiology of atherosclerosis in collagen disease, the prevalence and quality of coronary arterial lesions was examined histopathologically. The materials consisted of 68 autopsy cases, including 10 of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 28 of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 8 of progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS), 5 of dermatomyositis (DM) and 17 of miscellaneous collagen disease (MD). As a control group (C), 9 age-matched cases of hematologic disorders were chosen. In order to conduct systematic research on coronary arteries, tissue blocks were taken, according to the method proposed by the "Vascular Lesion of Collagen Disease Research Committee" in Japan. To estimate the narrowing of the coronary arterial lumen quantitatively, the coronary stenosis index (CSI), which was the sum of the grade of three main coronary arterial narrowing scores, were used. Significant coronary stenosis (more than 75% occlusion of the lumen) was observed in 8 cases of SLE, one of PSS, 2 of DM and 4 of MD. Stenosis was due to atherosclerosis except in 3 cases of MD. The degree of stenosis expressed by the CSI was higher in MD, SLE and DM than in C (p less than 0.05). Atherosclerotic lesions in collagen disease tended to have a higher population of cellular components than did those in C. There were no statistical correlations between the CSI and some risk factors (age, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and long-term corticosteroid administration). In the 12 cases with significant stenosis due to atherosclerosis, only 4 patients received corticosteroid hormone for more than one year. Active vasculitis with prominent inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in 2 cases of RA, 3 of SLE and 9 of MD. In cases of vasculitis in SLE examined by the serial section method, luminal narrowing caused by intimal fibrocellular proliferation seemed to have a close relationship with inflammatory cell infiltration in the media and the adventitia. It was concluded that prolonged stimulation of the injured intima by the common risk factors played an important role in the acceleration of coronary atherosclerosis and this intimal change should be reconsidered as a preceding lesion of coronary atherosclerosis. PMID- 7131713 TI - Long-term follow-up of electrocardiographic findings in patients with acute myocarditis proven by endomyocardial biopsy. AB - Sixteen cases of acute myocarditis, proven by endomyocardial biopsy, of possible viral origin which were described in a previous paper have been followed up for up to 5 years. The cases were divided into 3 groups according to the electrocardiographic (ECG) patterns: with conduction disturbance at the early stage (Group I, 9 cases), without conduction disturbance (Group II, 4 cases); early death cases in which the follow-up could not be carried out (Group III, 3 cases). In Group I, 2 cases revealed persistent complete A-V block, 4 showed incomplete recovery of right bundle branch and/or fascicular blocks, and 3 showed complete recovery of the ECG abnormalities. In Group II, all 4 cases showed a pseudoinfarction pattern which consisted of abnormal Q waves, poor R wave progression and ST elevation. These findings disappeared during the follow-up period. All patients of Groups I and II are still alive after a follow-up period of up to 5 years. PMID- 7131714 TI - A trial procedure to prevent aneurysm formation of the coronary arteries by steroid pulse therapy in Kawasaki disease. AB - Sixty patients with Kawasaki disease in the acute phase were studied using a two dimensional echocardiography. Coronary lesions in Kawasaki disease were characterized echocardiographically by an increase of echo density of the coronary artery and by dilatation or aneurysm of the coronary artery. These findings appeared in the sequence mentioned above in patients who were studied serially. In the group treated with corticosteroid, 62% of the patients showed a disappearance or an improvement of the coronary dilatation or aneurysm, while only 33% of untreated patients showed such an improvement. In patients with coronary aneurysms on the initial echocardiogram, 53% of the pulse therapy group showed an improvement, but none of the untreated group did. A similar result was obtained by an analysis of its therapeutical effect, according to the number of vessels involved. Thus, corticosteroid pulse therapy was shown to be effective for the prevention of coronary arterial aneurysms in Kawasaki disease, if it was given in a sufficient dose in the acute phase of this disease. PMID- 7131715 TI - Relationship between left ventricular muscle volume and body surface area corrected by subcutaneous fat weight in normal children. AB - Left ventricular muscle volume (LVMV) was measured echocardiographically in 688 normal children ranging in age from 5 to 15. Lean body surface area (BSA) was obtained from height and lean body weight, which was estimated using triceps skinfold thickness, upper arm circumference and body weight. Regression lines of LVMV against BSA or lean-BSA were compared between boys and girls. There was statistically significant sex difference in regression lines when LVMV were plotted against BSA (p less than 0.005), but this difference disappeared when plotted against lean-BSA. We conclude that the sex difference of LVMV with a similar BSA originates from the difference of lean body weight between boys and girls. PMID- 7131716 TI - The natural history of congenital heart disease in young adults. AB - Under the Heart Disease Program for elementary school children and junior high school students in Osaka City, the cardiac patients found through mass examination are supposed to be checked annually by the program's staff. After their graduation from junior high school, however, the cardiac patients leave our medical jurisdiction. In order to gather information from those graduates, we have mailed and continue to mail questionnaires to them once every 5 years. By analyzing that information, we sought to describe the natural history of congenital heart disease in young adults. The study revealed that among graduates older than 20 years of age as of March 31, 1978, 17.5% underwent initial cardiac surgery; 1.8% were found to have no more cardiac lesions due to spontaneous healing; 12.3% answered that they had no significant changes; 2.0% were found to have deteriorated cardiac lesions and 2.1% of the graduates had died. Eight point one per cent of the graduate did not answer, although minimum data as to whether they were alive or not was gathered. The mortality rates were calculated by using all follow-up data. It was revealed that the mortality rate for cardiac patients under 14 years of age, for those between 15 and 20 years of age and for those older than 21 years of age are 14 times, 6 times and 3 times as high as the general population in each age group, respectively. The mortality rate for those with mild cases of cardiac lesions is 3 times higher than the general population. It is 13 times higher among moderate cases and 77 times higher among severe cases when compared to the general population. PMID- 7131718 TI - [Studies on pharmacokinetics of digoxin in hyperthyroid and hypothyroid dogs]. PMID- 7131717 TI - Development of a heart disease screening system for school children and its results in the Tokyo area in 1980. AB - After the revision of the School Health Law in Japan the systems for heart disease screening for school children showed a great advance and the computerized devices for automatic evaluation of selected leads ECG and PCG were developed rapidly and have been improved in Japan. Two systems of heart disease screening for school children have been developed, that is, the Tokyo system and the "ECG PCG for all children system". The Tokyo system utilizes a questionnaire, a physical examination by school physicians and a chest X-ray for the primary screening procedure and ECG-PCG for the secondary procedure. The "ECG-PCG for all children system" utilizes a questionnaire, a chest X-ray and ECG-PCG. The superiority of the ECG-PCG system was shown in comparison with the Tokyo system. Nearly twice as many cases of congenital heart disease were detected by the ECG PCG system as compared with the Tokyo system, and many cases were disclosed for the first time. The "ECG-PCG for all children system" will probably be more popular in the near future in accordance with the advance of computerized systems. PMID- 7131719 TI - [Effects of visceral sensation on the dorsal horn cell activity. 3. Effects of thiamylal and changes of the rectal luminal pressure]. PMID- 7131720 TI - [Comparison of contractile responses to single twitch, train-of-four, and tetanic stimulations during neuromuscular block and subsequent recovery]. PMID- 7131721 TI - [The relationship between hypotensive effect of sodium nitroprusside and adrenal catecholamine release]. PMID- 7131722 TI - [Low flow nitrous oxide-halothane anesthesia]. PMID- 7131723 TI - [Changes in ventilation-perfusion ratios caused by pulmonary lavage]. PMID- 7131724 TI - [The effect of cervical epidural anesthesia on hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction]. PMID- 7131725 TI - [Fibrinolysis in hemorrhagic shock]. PMID- 7131726 TI - [Anesthetic dosage required for caudal anesthesia in children--evaluation by epidural radiography]. PMID- 7131727 TI - [Hypertension induced by droperidol two case reports]. PMID- 7131728 TI - [Case of myocardial infarction developing during emergency surgery]. PMID- 7131730 TI - [The effect of hypertonic solution on the red blood cells--II. The mode of actions of hypertonic D-glucose solution on the red blood cells]. PMID- 7131729 TI - [Anesthetic and postoperative management of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease associated with vocal cord paralysis]. PMID- 7131731 TI - [Evaluation of left ventricular function by intraesophageal cardiography]. PMID- 7131732 TI - [Analytic study of pulmonary shunt fraction with changes in inspired oxygen concentration.--Part 3. Comparison of Qsp/Qt and A-aDo2 with M index]. PMID- 7131733 TI - [Effect of reduced glutathione on hepatic adenine nucleotides and energy charge in endotoxin treated rats]. PMID- 7131734 TI - [Effect of succunylcholine and pancuronium on intraocular pressure and aqueous outflow]. PMID- 7131735 TI - [Serum lidocaine concentrations during continuous epidural anesthesia with an infusion pump]. PMID- 7131736 TI - [Caudal anesthesia in pediatric surgery--a simplified method and behavior of the continuous epidural catheter]. PMID- 7131737 TI - [Physostigmine reversal of postanesthetic somnolence]. PMID- 7131738 TI - [Assessments of protective effects of laryngotracheal anesthesia with 4% lidocaine against sequelae of tracheal intubation--a double blind study]. PMID- 7131739 TI - [The tracheal change due to the goiter]. PMID- 7131740 TI - [Anesthetic management of pheochromocytoma with a triple lumen thermodilution catheter monitoring]. PMID- 7131741 TI - [Anesthetic managements of a patient with myasthenia gravis and myotonia congenita]. PMID- 7131742 TI - [Enflurane in cesarean section]. PMID- 7131743 TI - [Nociceptive neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord]. PMID- 7131745 TI - [Evaluation of left ventricular performance by echocardiography during anesthesia]. PMID- 7131744 TI - [Influence of posture and thoracotomy on arterial oxygenation during one-lung anesthesia]. PMID- 7131746 TI - [Cardiovascular effect of dopamine and dobutamine in dogs with severe metabolic acidosis]. PMID- 7131747 TI - [Enflurane in pediatric anesthesia]. PMID- 7131748 TI - [Application of butorphanol for modified neuroleptanesthesia--a controlled comparative study of butorphanol and pentazocine]. PMID- 7131749 TI - [Anesthesia with buprenorphine for cardiac surgery]. PMID- 7131750 TI - [Anesthesia for the left stellate ganglionectomy for a patient with QT-interval prolongation]. PMID- 7131751 TI - [Local anesthetic intoxication manifested in ECG abnormality during general anesthesia in infants]. PMID- 7131752 TI - [A case report of misdiagnosis caused by faulty urethral catheter]. PMID- 7131753 TI - [Convulsion in a patient with serum hypoosmolarity after alphadione anesthesia]. PMID- 7131754 TI - [Anesthesia in China]. PMID- 7131755 TI - [Clinical effects of cefoxitin on postoperative infections]. AB - Cefoxitin (CFX) administered to 15 hospitalized patients with postoperative infections mainly caused by Gram negative rods. Out of 15 cases treated with CFX, 11 cases showed excellent or good response. CFX was ineffective in only 1 case infected with P. mirabilis, Enterobacter and S. faecalis. Bacteriological findings revealed that CFX was highly effective against E. coli, Klebsiella, P. morganii and Neisseria, and antibacterial activity of CFX was equal or slightly superior than those of ABPC and CEZ, however, CFX was less effective against Enterobacter and S. faecalis. No side effect was observed during the course of therapy with CFX. PMID- 7131756 TI - [Susceptibilities of Pseudomonas species to aminoglycosides and tetracyclines]. AB - Pseudomonas aeruginosa has attracted much attention through its role in hospital outbreaks of disease. However, other members of the genus Pseudomonas, particularly Pseudomonas maltophilia and Pseudomonas cepacia, may be isolated as opportunistic pathogens of man, and can be found in hospital materials. These organisms have been less susceptible to the commonly used antibiotics. This report deals with the in vitro sensitivity of Pseudomonas strains except for P. aeruginosa to aminoglycosides and tetracyclines. The following bacteria were tested: P. maltophilia (50 strains), P. fluorescens (29 strains), P. putida (52 strains), P. cepacia (49 strains), P. putrefaciens (18 strains), P. acidovorans (12 strains). All of the strains for this study were isolated from routine cultures of infected clinical materials which sent to the Clinical Laboratories, Juntendo University Hospital during the 1 year period of 1980. The tests for susceptibility of the strains to the 3 aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin) and 3 tetracyclines (tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline) were all performed by the serial 2-fold agar plate dilution method on heart infusion agar, standardized by the Japan Society of Chemotherapy, using the microplanter apparatus with an inoculum size of approximately 10(8) CFU/ml. There were similar sensitivity patterns for the aminoglycosides tested; most of the strains of P. maltophilia, P. cepacia and P. acidovorans were resistant to the aminoglycosides, while most of P. fluorescens, P. putida and P. putrefaciens were sensitive. Minocycline and doxycycline were extremely active to the Pseudomonas species studied. Tetracycline was almost ineffective against P. maltophilia and P. cepacia. PMID- 7131757 TI - [Experiences with intravenous drip infusion therapy of amikacin for severe infections in patients of hematological disorder]. AB - Amikacin was studied for clinical effect in 7 patients with acute leukemia, 1 patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia-blastic crisis, 1 patient with malignant lymphoma and 1 patient with aplastic anemia, who were suffered from severe infection such as sepsis, pneumonia or subcutaneous abscess. Most of these patients had bleeding tendency, so amikacin was administered by intravenous drip infusion in a dose of 200 mg--400 mg for 1 hour. Total doses of amikacin were between 3.2 g and 12.6 g. These doses of amikacin gave good response to 3 patients with sepsis, 1 patient with subcutaneous abscess and 1 patient with pneumonia. We didn't observe any side effect most likely associated with amikacin. Therefore, intravenous drip administration of amikacin might be useful drug for management of severe infections in patients of hematological disorder, and seemed to be as safe as intramuscular administration. PMID- 7131758 TI - [Evaluation of clinical efficacy of sulbenicillin following surgery of malignant maxillary tumors. Transport of sulbenicillin to the exudates from the surgical wound of the maxilla and its therapeutic effects]. AB - In order to know the amount of sulbenicillin (SB-PC) transported to the maxillary sinus through the blood supply after injecting by intravenous drip infusion, the authors measured SB-PC content of the exudate which was gathered from the exploratory operative maxillary sinus. This measurement was performed 3 times at 2, 4 and 6 hours after injecting 5 g of SB-PC by intravenous drip infusion. From results of these measurements, it became obvious that the SB-PC content reached to the maximum value (24.5 +/- 16.69 mcg/ml) at 2--4 hours after the injection. Next, the preventive and therapeutic effect on the postoperative maxillary infection was evaluated for 13 patients of maxillary cancer. The effect was excellent in 2 cases (16.7%), good in 8 cases (66.7%) and fair in 2 cases (16.7%). So, the ratio of effectiveness was 83.3%. The side effect of SB-PC was observed only in 1 patient who complained of palpitation, but it was not severe. PMID- 7131760 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies on amoxicillin sustained-release preparation in the otorhinolaryngologic field]. AB - Fundamental and clinical evaluations of a new continual penicillin, C-AMOX, were performed. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Concentration in serum: The level of serum concentration after giving 500 mg of oral C-AMOX was determined in 3 cases of health adult. The maximal level measured 4.8 micrograms/ml at 4 hours after oral administration. Even 8 hours after oral administration, clinically effective serum C-AMOX concentration 1.6 micrograms/ml was still demonstrable. 2. Concentration of tissues: At 4 hours after a single oral dose of 500 mg, the concentration in the tissues of palatine tonsilla was 0.6 microgram/g as against 4.9 micrograms/ml in the serum, and the concentration in the tissues of mucous membrane of maxillary sinus was 0.5 microgram/g when measured 4.6 micrograms/ml in the serum. 3. Results of clinical treatment: C-AMOX of oral administration was tested in 46 cases of usually encountered acute an chronic infections in the otorhinolaryngologic field, the results being excellent in 25 cases, good in 14 cases and fair in 6 cases. When the excellent and good were bracketed together, it amounts to 39 cases (84.8%). It can be considered as high effective ratio. No side effect was shown with the oral administration of C-AMOX. PMID- 7131759 TI - [Pharmacokinetics and clinical evaluation of amoxicillin sustained release preparation]. AB - C-AMOX--long acting amoxicillin preparation (gastro coating 3, enterocoating 7)- has been investigated to give following results. A pharmacokinetic study of C AMOX was conducted in 6 healthy male volunteers in postprandial state (30 minutes after light mean). The levels of 1.8--2.5 micrograms/ml in blood was detected for 6 hours after 500 mg dose orally. It was seemed to be long acting amoxicillin in blood levels. And, the calculated data of AUC of C-AMOX was 15.17 micrograms . hr/ml administered 500 mg dose, and 14.33 micrograms . hr/ml of AMPC twice 250 mg doses, respectively. The urinary excretion rate was 56.1% of the dose during 10 hours. Sixty-six patients with respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections and others were treated with C-AMOX 0.5 g twice daily for 4--7 days mainly. Thirty one patients of all were cured excellent, 27 were good, 4 were fair and 4 were poor. The global efficacy rate was 87.9%. Only 1 patient was occurred diarrhea, and no abnormal laboratory finding was observed. PMID- 7131761 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies of fortimicin in the field of dermatology]. AB - 1. Fortimicin (KW-1070) was found to be similar to amikacin in vitro activity against S. aureus of 27 strains and S. epidermidis of 17 strains isolated in dermatological field. 2. Serum and skin levels of the drug were determined in rats. Mean serum levels (n = 4) were 4.91 mcg/ml at 1/4 hour, 2.40 mcg/ml at 1/2 hour, 2.40 mcg/ml at 1 hour and 0.51 mcg/ml at 2 hours. The corresponding skin levels were 2.15 mcg/g, 2.27 mcg/g, 0.83 mcg/g and 0.19 mcg/g. 3. Seven cases with dermatological infections were treated with fortimicin. No side effects were observed both in subjective and in laboratory findings. PMID- 7131762 TI - [Clinical studies of fortimicin in the field of surgery]. PMID- 7131763 TI - [Clinical studies of fortimicin in surgical infections]. AB - A new aminoglycoside antibiotic, fortimicin, was administered intramuscularly to 3 patients (panperitonitis). Clinical response was excellent in 2 cases and good in 1 case. The effective rate was 100%. In these patients, fortimicin was given in a dose of 600 mg, 2 or 3 times daily for 6 to 7 days. No adverse effect was observed. Therefore fortimicin was suggested to be a useful drug for the treatment of panperitonitis. PMID- 7131764 TI - [Clinical studies on fortimicin in otorhinolaryngological infections]. PMID- 7131765 TI - [Studies on fortimicin in the field of ophthalmology]. AB - Bacteriological and clinical studies of fortimicin in the field of ophthalmology were performed and the results obtained were as follows. 1. The concentration of fortimicin in serum, primary aqueous humor and secondary aqueous humor after intramuscular injection of 30 mg/kg to rabbit reached the peak value of 23.36 microgram/ml after 1/2 hour, 6.07 microgram/ml after 1 hour and 60.6 microgram/ml after 1 hour, respectively. 2. The concentration of fortimicin in primary aqueous humor after subconjunctival injection of 10 mg (0.5 ml) in the rabbit eye reached the peak value of 8.06 microgram/ml after 1/2 hour. 3. The concentration of fortimicin in plasma and primary aqueous humor after intramuscular injection of 200 mg in patients of cataract before operation reached the value of 8.85 microgram/ml and 0.74 microgram/ml after 1 hour. 4. Fortimicin was administered to 5 cases of internal hordeolum and 2 cases of corneal ulcer. Clinical effects were excellent in 3 cases, good in 2 cases and fair in 2 cases. Side effect was observed diarrhea, but the causal relationship with fortimicin was unknown. PMID- 7131766 TI - [Tissue distribution of fortimicin used in the field of obstetrics]. AB - A new aminoglycoside antibiotic, fortimicin, was administered intramuscularly at a dose of 200 mg, and the tissue distribution of the drug was investigated with time-course in the uterine fundus, uterine cervix, oviduct, endometrium and ovary. Patients who required total hysterectomy or uterine appendices resection due to uterine myoma, etc. were studied. The uterus levels of fortimicin were about 2 mcg/g at 2 hours after intramuscular administration in the uterine fundus and uterine cervix and reduced to trace after 8 approximately 9 hours. The genital organs levels of fortimicin were ranged from 0.71 to 4.6 mcg/g at 1 approximately 3 hours after intramuscular administration and then reduced to the levels of 0.79 mcg/g in the oviduct, of 0.25 mcg/g in the endometrium and of 0.45 mcg/g in the ovary after 5 hours. PMID- 7131767 TI - Reversibility of kanamycin-induced neuromuscular and cardiovascular depressions by 4-aminopyridine, in comparison with neostigmine. AB - Antagonistic actions of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and neostigmine methylsulfate (NSG) on the neuromuscular and cardiovascular depressions by kanamycin (KM) were studied in urethane anesthetized rats, in comparison with D-tubocurarine (D-Tc). Measured parameters were indirectly elicited twitch of tibialis anterior muscle, mean arterial pressure and heart rate. All parameters were progressively depressed by continual infusions (0.2 ml/min) of KM (70 mg/ml) and D-Tc (10 microgram/ml). 4-AP 2.8 mg/kg s.c. significantly antagonized these depressive actions of both of D-Tc and KM, while NSG 0.1 mg/kg s.c. significantly antagonized only those of D-Tc and more strongly than 4-AP did in cardiovascular depression. 4-AP could antagonize the complete neuromuscular blockade and lethality of KM to the equilevel of conscious rats and those of D-Tc to 2.78 and 1.78 time doses of conscious rats in the complete neuromuscular blocking dose and lethal dose respectively. These results suggest that the antagonistic action of 4 AP results from its facilitation activity in the neurotransmitter release and its augmentative activity in the muscle contractility and also indicate a possibility that 4-AP can be used as a relief agent for the neuromuscular and/or cardiovascular depressions induced by some aminoglycoside antibiotics and nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking drug in the clinical aspect. PMID- 7131769 TI - [Clinical results and safety of drip infusion of gentamicin in complicated chronic urinary tract infections]. AB - 1. Clinical pharmacology: The pharmacological studies on gentamicin (GM) were carried out in some clinical patients. The peak serum level following intramuscular injection (i.m.) of GM 60 mg was 4.69 microgram/ml after 1 hour. When same dose of the drug was given by drip infusion (d.i.) over 1.5 and 2 hours, the peak serum concentrations were 5.17 microgram/ml and 5.08 microgram/ml, respectively. No marked differences in the results of pharmacokinetic studies between i.m. and d.i. were observed. 2. CLINICAL RESULTS: GM was administered in a dose of 60 mg once or twice a day by d.i. against 18 cases with chronic complicated UTIs. The duration of treatment varied but usually 5 days. An overall excellent or moderate effect was seen in 78% with the criteria proposed by the UTI committee. 3. Clinical chemistry and laboratory findings: The clinical abnormal values from laboratory tests of renal, hepatic functions and peripheral hematology in patients treated with GM were observed in 1 case which was a slight increase of BUN (12.5 approximately 22.2 mg/dl) and a slight elevation of GOT (30.g approximately 48.6 u). The abnormal values, however, returned to normal within 10 days after the discontinuance of the drug. 4. Clinical tolerance: No adverse reactions were encountered in all treated cases. 5. SUMMARY: Based on the clinical pharmacology and clinical studies, drip infusion administration of GM can be given safely and effectively in treatment of chronic complicated UTI. PMID- 7131768 TI - [Ototoxicity study of netilmicin in pregnant guinea pigs and the embryo]. AB - The ototoxicity of netilmicin (NTL) in pregnant guinea pigs (Hartley strain) and the newborn was examined and compared to that of gentamicin (GM). NTL was administered intramuscularly at dose of 90 mg/kg to pregnant guinea pigs from day 0 to day 35 of pregnancy (the early period of pregnancy) or from day 42 of pregnancy to 1 day prior to delivery (the late period of pregnancy). GM at dose of 45 mg/kg or physiological saline were administered intramuscularly to pregnant guinea pigs during the late period of pregnancy. Four of 5 dams given NTL during the early period of pregnancy, 4 of 7 dams given TNL during the late period of pregnancy, and 2 of 4 dams given GM during the late period of pregnancy died. No pinna reflex loss in frequency range from 2 to 20 KHz were detected in mother guinea pigs treated with NTL either during the early period of pregnancy or during the late period of pregnancy. GM caused a loss of pinna reflex at 20 KHz in mother guinea pigs treated during the late period of pregnancy. Histopathologically, no damages were detected in the cochlea of mother guinea pigs treated with NTL during the early or late period of pregnancy, whereas slight scattered loss of hair cells was seen in the vestibulum. However, GM at dose of 45 mg/kg, caused an incomplete scattered loss of outer hair cells in the spiral organ, moderate atrophy of the spiral ganglion cells and a partial loss of hair cells in the vestibular organs in mother guinea pigs treated during the late period of pregnancy. In newborn guinea pig from the pregnant one treated with NTL during the early period of pregnancy, there was no loss of pinna reflex. The same results were obtained in newborn guinea pigs from the pregnant ones treated with either NTL or GM during the late period of pregnancy. No histopathological damages were detected. The present study suggests that NTL has a minimal effect on the auditory and vestibular organs in pregnant guinea pigs and the newborn and is considered to be 1 of the aminoglycosides with low ototoxic potential. PMID- 7131770 TI - [Infections during induction chemotherapy of acute leukemia and their control V. Clinical evaluation of a large dose of amikacin injected intravenously]. AB - In this study, we treated severe infections (21 cases) accompanied with induction chemotherapy in 20 patients with acute leukemia by the combination of a large dose (600 approximately 1,200 mg/day) of amikacin with other antibiotics. Infections during induction chemotherapy of acute leukemia consisted of sepsis (8 cases), pneumonia (7) and others (6), and most of causative organisms were Gram negative bacteria, such as Ps. aeruginosa (7 strains), Flavobacterium (5), Serratia (3), Ps. cepacia (2), E. coli (2) and others. The combination chemotherapy of a large dose of amikacin with other antibiotics was found to be effective (71.4%) for such infections. Side effects were negligible except for drug eruption. Therefore, a large dose of amikacin should be given for the treatment of severe infections accompanied with induction chemotherapy of acute leukemia. PMID- 7131771 TI - [Effects of cefoxitin on infections secondary to hematopoietic malignancies]. AB - Cefoxitin (CFX) was administered to 12 patients for evaluation of clinical effects of CFX against secondary infections complicated with hematopoietic malignancies, and the following results were obtained. 1. The clinical effects were excellent in 1 and good in 8 out or 11 cases with efficacy rate of 81.8%. Out of 12 cases treated with CFX, 1 case was excluded from clinical evaluation because of prophylactic use. It is noted that all cases with pyelitis showed good response to CFX. 2. The serum levels of CFX were determined in 1 patient with renal failure. After intravenous drip infusion of 2 g in 200 ml of glucose solution, the serum concentrations were 67.2 micrograms/ml and 7.53 micrograms/ml at 14 hours and 24 hours (after hemodialysis), respectively. 3. No side effects attributed to CFX were observed. These results indicate that CFX is an effective and safe antibiotic for the treatment of severe infections accompanying hematopoietic malignancies. PMID- 7131772 TI - [Clinical studies of cefoxitin in the field of abdominal surgery]. AB - Cefoxitin (CFX) was administered to total 25 patients who were admitted to the surgical ward of the hospital. The results of these studies are as follows. 1) Dis susceptibility tests of the 20 strains (many Gram-negative bacilli and 2 strains of anaerobic Bacteroides) isolated from the patients to antibiotic were performed and 17 strains were good susceptibility to CFX. 2) In 9 patients of postoperative infections, 8 patients (including 2 patients with infections due to mixed E. coli and Bacteroides) were good with the clinical efficacy rate of 88.9%. 3) In 16 patients used for prevention of postoperative infections, 15 patients were good with the clinical efficacy rate of 93.8%. 4) No side effects were noted due to CFX. The results of these studies demonstrated that CFX is safe and effective in treatment of infections and for prevention of postoperative infections in the field of gastrosurgery. PMID- 7131773 TI - [Clinical evaluation of cefoxitin in the field of gyneco-obstetrics: effects in the treatment of infections and prevention of postoperative infections]. PMID- 7131774 TI - [Identification of nitrosodimethylamine-forming aerobic bacteria isolated from the gastric contents of the monkey, Macaca irus]. PMID- 7131775 TI - [Mole % guanine plus cytosine of butyrate-producing anaerobic cocci and DNA-DNA relationship among them]. PMID- 7131776 TI - [Simple method for preparation of specific rabbit anti human IgG serum]. PMID- 7131777 TI - [Difference in oxygen requirements between the metronidazole-sensitive parent strain and its resistant variant of Campylobacter jejuni]. PMID- 7131778 TI - Observations of the effect of arrhythmias on the cerebral function by recordings of 24-hour continuous electrocardiograms. Comparison between the sick sinus syndrome and atrio-ventricular block. AB - The influence of arrhythmias on cerebral function was investigated in 8 patients with sick sinus syndrome (bradycardia tachycardia syndrome) and 8 patients with advanced or complete atrioventricular block using 24-hour continuous recordings of the electrocardiogram and conventional electroencephalogram recordings. Syncope was observed more frequently in the atrio-ventricular block group, and was observed frequently when the longest heart beat pause during a 24-hour day was longer than 2.2 sec. Cerebral infarction as a complication of these arrhythmias was observed only with the sick sinus syndrome group. The maximum heart rate during a 24-hour day and the difference between maximum and minimum heart rate were significantly lower in the atrioventricular block group than in the sick sinus syndrome group. The electroencephalogram results showed a slight slowing of the background activity and the appearance of slow wave bursts in both groups. These abnormal findings were improved during intracardiac pacing in the atrio-ventricular block group. A quantitative analysis of the frequency of the electroencephalogram at various heart rates demonstrated the optimum pacing rate for the cerebral function. These results suggest that both the cerebral function and the cardiac function must be considered in the treatment of patients with bradycardia arrhythmias. PMID- 7131779 TI - Reliability of telephone transmission facilities for computerized electrocardiogram analysis in Japan. AB - The reliability of telephone electrocardiogram (ECG) transmission facilities was assessed in order to carry out the computerized ECG analysis using the IBM-Bonner program. Simulated ECGs were transmitted repeatedly over telephones from an internal laboratory and from an external hospital which was 1,000 Km distant. The simulated ECG was transmitted in a highly reproducible state and with no appreciable distortion. The telephone ECG transmission facilities using the public telephone network in Japan proved to reliable for computerized ECG analysis. PMID- 7131780 TI - Analytical studies on neurocirculatory asthenia and related diseases using psychological and cardiovascular parameters. AB - In order to analyze the nature of the cardiovascular complaints in neurocirculatory asthenia (NCA) and related diseases, 83 cases were studied on the basis of the results of psychological tests (Cornell Medical Index and Yatabe Guilford test) and cardiovascular and respiratory parameters. Almost all of the patients with normal psychological test results had abnormalities in one or more of the following: blood pressure, pulse rate, cardiac index, TII in the standing position, and cardiothoracic ratio. The data suggest that the cardiovascular complaints of the normal psychological test group can be attributed to somatic factors, especially to a small size of the heart. On the other hand, the group with psychological abnormalities had hearts of normal sizes, a less marked lowering of TII in the standing position, but markedly abnormal respiratory patterns. This indicates that the respiratory abnormalities seen in this group are likely to be the symptoms of cardiac psychoneurosis. PMID- 7131781 TI - The surface morphology and ultrastructure of renal arterial smooth muscle cells in patients with renovascular hypertension. AB - The surface and internal ultrastructure of renal arterial smooth muscle cells were investigated in 3 patients with renovascular hypertension. The most characteristic features of the surface pathology in hypertrophied smooth muscle cells consisted of various degrees of surface defects, including both extensive loss of surface details and an irregular thickening and disruption of the basement membrane, which was widely separated from the plasma membrane by a clear space. Ultrastructural changes include the appearance of highly lobulated nuclei, multinucleation, disorganization of myofilaments and increased numbers of rough surfaced sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, which are usual manifestations of cellular hypertrophy. These results suggest that ionic movement across the cell membranes, particularly of Ca2+, is probably abnormal in hypertrophied smooth muscle cells. This may result in functional disorders of hypertensive arteries. PMID- 7131782 TI - Serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol: as a cholesterol risk factor index for atherosclerotic diseases. AB - Serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL.CHO) of health individuals (342 males and 483 females) was measured with other serum lipid contents as well as several factors which may be possibly associated with atherosclerotic disorders including ischemic heart disease. As a cholesterol risk factor index (CRFI), (total cholesterol-HDL.CHO)/total cholesterol was studied. With the increase of CRFI in male plus female group, highly significant correlations were detected in the following factors: i.e. cholesterol, triglyceride, uric acid in serum; the number of erythrocytes and the components; obesity and blood pressure. HDL-CHO was negatively related to the increase of CRFI. In female, all these correlations to CRFI were found. In male, however, only 3 categories such as serum lipid components, the number of erythrocytes and obesity were related to CRFI. With the advance of age, significant changes were found mainly in female: in CRFI, cholesterol, triglyceride, uric acid, glucoxyloxal transferase, erythrocyte components, and blood pressure. In male, only the last two factors were correlated with aging. Thus, the relation of CRFI to other categories depended not only sex but also aging. PMID- 7131783 TI - Relationship between changes in regional myocardial contraction and energy metabolism following coronary flow reduction. AB - To investigate the relationship between mechanical and metabolic deterioration in the ischemic myocardium following a decrease of coronary blood flow, the patterns of regional myocardial contraction and myocardial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content were analyzed simultaneously in canine left ventricles with constriction of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). The patterns of contraction in the ischemic region were monitored by means of ultrasonic dimension gauges implanted in the endocardial surface and were classified into 5 types; Type 0 = normal, Type I = late systolic lengthening, Type II = early and late systolic lengthening with end diastolic length elongation, Type III = systolic bulge with early diastolic shortening, and Type IV = holosystolic bulge. Type I developed in 6/8 dogs with 1-49% LAD flow reduction, Type II in 6/8 dogs with 50-74% reduction, and Types III and IV in all dogs with 75-100% reduction. The myocardial ATP content (microM/Gm tissue) at the sites of the patterns of myocardial contraction measurement was analyzed. No differences in ATP content were noted between Type 0 and Type I (3.70 +/- 0.51 vs. 3.60 +/- 0.36). In contrast, the ATP content in Type II was significantly reduced (2.94 +/- 0.20) compared to Type I (p less than 0.005). In Types III + IV with systolic bulge, the ATP reductions were severer (2.59 +/- 0.36) than in Type II (p less than 0.05). In conclusion, it can be said that as the LAD flow reduction advanced, the patterns of myocardial contraction were transformed from Type 0 to Type IV with accompanying ATP reductions. PMID- 7131784 TI - Influence of acute hemodynamic changes on the peak velocity of contractile element shortening and maximum velocity obtained by the calibrated apex cardiography in dogs. AB - The effect of various alterations in preload, afterload and inotropic state of the left ventricle on the noninvasive peak velocity of contractile element shortening (Vpm) and maximum velocity of contractile element shortening (Vmax) was studied in the anesthetized dogs in an attempt to test the methods and clarify some of the determinants of these parameters. Calibrated displacement left apex cardiogram obtained with time constant 3 sec and calibrated first derivative of apex cardiogram were recorded simultaneously with left ventricular pressure and its first derivative, electrocardiogram and phonocardiogram. The values of Vpm obtained from catheterization and calibrated apex cardiography were similar in magnitude and standard deviations under various hemodynamic interventions. A highly significant relation was found between these invasive and noninvasive parameters of myocardial contractility. Both Vpm and Vmax were elevated during the administrations of isoprenaline and strophanthin, where only Vpm showed a decrease after extreme volume or pressure load. In conclusion, the results from this study suggest that Vpm and Vmax of the calibrated apex cardiography are a reliable noninvasive tool for assessing left ventricular function; furthermore, Vpm is relatively load independent, whereas Vmax is virtually unchanged over a broad range of loading conditions. PMID- 7131785 TI - Characteristic alterations in adrenal catecholamine contents in SHR, SHRSP, and WKY during development of hypertension and stroke. AB - The role of adrenal catecholamines (CAs) was investigated with regard to the etiology of hypertension and cerebral stroke in the spontaneously hypertensive rats-stroke prone (SHRSP). The adrenal CAs in SHRSP were measured by high performance liquid chromatography with an electrochemical detector or by gas liquid chromatography with an electron capture detector and the findings were compared with those in the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto strain (WKY). It has been proposed that the facilitation of peripheral sympathetic norepinephrine (NE) neurons in the young animals may act as a trigger in the development of hypertension in the SHR. This was verified by estimating the adrenal NE contents in both SHRSP and SHR at 4 weeks of age. A deficiency in adrenal dopamine (DA) in 4-week-old SHRSP was also observed. This deficiency may contribute to the facilitation of the adrenal NE cell. SHRSP was clearly distinguished from SHR by comparing the adrenal catecholamine contents of each strain. The contents of all three CAS in SHRSP were similar to those in WKY during the development of hypertension, while the contents of epinephrine and DA in the SHR were much higher than those in the WKY. Only in SHRSP did the contents of all three CAs increase rapidly after the development of hypertension. These rapid increases may be related to stroke. PMID- 7131786 TI - Analysis of cardiac actions of nitroprusside in intact dogs and in isolated atria. AB - The effects of intravenous administration of sodium nitroprusside to a donor dog on cardiac pacemaker activity and contractility were investigated in a cross circulated dog heart preparation; i.e., the isolated atrial muscle was perfused with blood from a pentobarbital anesthetized donor dog. Intravenous administration of nitroprusside (1-10 micrograms/Kg) caused a hypotension with tachycardia, and occasionally with bradycardia. This effect was blocked by atropine injections into the donor dog, but no significant chronotropic and inotropic changes were observed in the isolated atria. Larger doses (over 100 micrograms/Kg) of nitroprusside produced positive chronotropic and inotropic effects in isolated atria, which were inhibited completely by propranolol. Moreover, direct intraarterial injection of nitroprusside (10-1,000 micrograms) had no significant chronotropic and inotropic effects in isolated atria, although acetylcholine (0.01-0.1 micrograms) induced negative chronotropic and inotropic effects. From these results, it is concluded that nitroprusside has no direct cardiac effect and that it causes a release of catecholamines in doses which produce a profound hypotension. PMID- 7131787 TI - Effects of L-carnitine on action potential or canine papillary muscle impaired by long chain acyl carnitine. AB - It has been reported that long chain acyl carnitine accumulates in ischemic myocardium, and L-carnitine prevents ventricular arrhythmias as well as the accumulation of long chain acyl carnitine in ischemic and free fatty acid supplemented hearts. The purpose of this study was to observe the electrophysiological effects of long chain acyl carnitine, and to evaluate the protective effect of L-carnitine on the transmembrane action potential impaired by long chain acyl carnitine. Using standard microelectrode techniques, transmembrane action potentials were recorded from isolated canine papillary muscle. Palmitoyl carnitine (0.3 mM and 0.6 mM) decreased the resting membrane potential, action potential amplitude and maximum upstroke velocity of phase 0, and shortened action potential duration and effective refractory period in a concentration-dependent manner. Application of L-carnitine (25 mM) prevented the effect of palmitoyl carnitine (0.3 mM) on the transmembrane action potential. These results suggest that long chain acyl carnitine plays an important role in arrhythmogenesis, and that the effect is prevented by L-carnitine. PMID- 7131788 TI - Left ventricular-right atrial communication with an aneurysm of the atrioventricular membranous septum. A case report. AB - A 40-year-old man with combination of left ventricular-right atrial communication and aneurysm of the atrioventricular membranous septum is presented. A supravalvular type defect, 14 X 15 mm in size, was closed with a Teflon patch. An oval shaped aneurysm of the atrioventricular membranous septum, 20 X 17 mm in size was also noted, but was left untouched. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case with this combination in Japan. PMID- 7131789 TI - Rate dependent left bundle branch block with gradual transition between normal intraventricular conduction and complete left bundle branch block. A case report. AB - A case of 70-year-old woman with ischemic heart disease is presented. The electrocardiogram showed atrial fibrillation and a tachycardia-dependent, left bundle branch block. A number of intermediate QRS patterns from normal intraventricular conduction to complete left bundle branch block were seen, and the transition was gradual. Increasing grades of aberrance were seen following a shorter preceding cycle length. PMID- 7131790 TI - [Studies on blood component transfusion with continuous blood cell separator (IBM 2997). Part 2: methods of granulocyte and platelet harvesting and efficacies of the component transfusion]. PMID- 7131791 TI - [Sialytransferase activity of normal human hemopoietic cells and leukemic cells]. PMID- 7131792 TI - [Case of multiple myeloma associated with hyperviscosity syndrome successfully treated with plasma exchange using a cellulose acetate hollow fiber system]. PMID- 7131793 TI - [A case of adult T-cell leukemia with extensive involvement of the stomach, peritoneum and meninges]. PMID- 7131794 TI - [Studies on the diagnosis and therapy of iron deficiency anemia using the indices of storage iron]. PMID- 7131795 TI - [Changes of granulocytes during the recovery period of agranulocytosis, and in vitro CFU assay for the determination of causative drugs]. PMID- 7131796 TI - [A case of malignant histiocytosis with non-healing granuloma in soft palate and left leg]. PMID- 7131797 TI - [A case of pure red cell aplasia associated with thymoma, granulocytopenia, hypogammaglobulinemia, and hypothyroidism]. PMID- 7131798 TI - [A case of multiple myeloma with generalized extramedullary plasmocytoma causing establishment of myeloma cell line]. PMID- 7131799 TI - [Two cases of hypoplastic leukemia induced to complete remission with anabolic steroid]. PMID- 7131800 TI - [A family of hereditary stomatocytosis]. PMID- 7131801 TI - [A boy with acute undifferenciated leukemia who developed interstitial pneumonia immediately after remission of meningeal leukemia]. PMID- 7131802 TI - [Promotion mechanism of vascular permeability by Hageman factor]. PMID- 7131803 TI - [Activation mechanism of human prothrombin by staphylocoagulase]. PMID- 7131804 TI - [Family of abnormal antithrombin III. Clinical studies]. PMID- 7131805 TI - [Isolation and property of abnormal antithrombin]. PMID- 7131806 TI - [Regulation of plasminogen activation]. PMID- 7131807 TI - [Function of platelet microtubules--a new approach]. PMID- 7131808 TI - [Relationship between platelet adhesiveness and aggregation; isolation and analysis of membrane protein responsible for platelet adhesion in cattle]. PMID- 7131809 TI - [Reactions of platelet membrane glycoprotein, glycocalicin, GPI and thrombin]. PMID- 7131810 TI - [Surface structure of anti-thrombotic biomaterial]. PMID- 7131811 TI - [Metabolism and action of prostaglandin D2 in blood platelets]. PMID- 7131812 TI - [Structure and functions of human factor XII]. PMID- 7131813 TI - [Hospital infections: viewpoint of clinical laboratories]. PMID- 7131814 TI - [The role of the bacteriology laboratory in control of nosocomial infections]. PMID- 7131815 TI - [Diagnosis of cancer by aldolase isoenzyme analysis]. PMID- 7131816 TI - [Leucinamide specific cytosol leucine aminopeptidase]. PMID- 7131817 TI - [Isolation and functional characterization of human null lymphocytes]. PMID- 7131818 TI - [Inhibitory effects of sulfonylureas (hypoglycemic agents) on the color reaction using oxidase]. PMID- 7131819 TI - [A simple method for the determination of liver--and bone--type alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes]. PMID- 7131820 TI - [Studies on inhibition of cold activation of serum complement (ch50)]. PMID- 7131821 TI - [Changes of urinary excretion of orotic acid in a patient with ornithine carbamyl transferase deficiency]. PMID- 7131822 TI - [Fragility of red cells in patients with acute leukemia and myeloproliferative disorders examined by coil planet centrifuge]. PMID- 7131823 TI - [Clinical application of differential leukocyte volume distribution analysis (2)]. PMID- 7131824 TI - [Left ventricular performance in patients with artificial pacemakers estimated by echocardiography]. PMID- 7131826 TI - [Automation of cancer cytology utilizing the image analysis system: from fundamental research to practical use]. PMID- 7131827 TI - [The anticipations and the features on the development of EDPS in clinical laboratories]. PMID- 7131825 TI - [Studies on measurement of residual volume by using a single breath nitrogen method]. PMID- 7131828 TI - [Requisition entry by mark sheet]. PMID- 7131829 TI - [Personal ID clinical laboratory system]. PMID- 7131830 TI - [The input-output of information of clinical laboratory examination using CRT(cathode-ray tube) display terminal]. PMID- 7131832 TI - [Probational trial for laboratory data analysis system]. PMID- 7131831 TI - [Development of individual quality control system by DEC-MUMPS computer]. PMID- 7131833 TI - [Pathology and cytology of the epithelial tumors and related lesions of the stomach, with special reference to WHO classifications]. PMID- 7131834 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of free thyroxine using microencapsulated antibodies--basic examination and clinical application]. PMID- 7131836 TI - [Clinical significance of appearance of mid-beta lipoprotein band in hepatic diseases]. PMID- 7131835 TI - [Studies on determination for serum free thyroxine and its clinical significance]. PMID- 7131837 TI - [Ribonucleases in liver diseases]. PMID- 7131838 TI - [Functional expansion and clinical approach of clinical biochemical information system]. PMID- 7131839 TI - [A basic and clinical study on platelet factor 4 (PF4)]. PMID- 7131840 TI - [Idiopathic hypertrophic osteoarthropathy]. PMID- 7131841 TI - [Angiographic evaluation of the ischemic vascular disease of the extremities]. PMID- 7131842 TI - [New method of digital angiography]. PMID- 7131843 TI - [Diagnosis of abdominal malignant lymphoma by computed tomography]. PMID- 7131844 TI - [67Ga-scintigraphy by PHO/CON for the detection of adrenal metastases]. PMID- 7131845 TI - [Radiation treatment of Pancoast's tumor]. PMID- 7131846 TI - [Extensive dural arteriovenous malformation involving the Galenic system-a case report]. PMID- 7131847 TI - [Two cases of meningeal carcinomatosis with interesting appearance in computed tomography]. PMID- 7131849 TI - [A case of renal pelvic adenocarcinoma-angiographic findings]. PMID- 7131848 TI - [Two cases of retroperitoneal neurinoma]. PMID- 7131850 TI - [Acute pancreatitis accompanied by hemorrhagic pseudocyst of the omentum]. PMID- 7131851 TI - [Heart failure--scintigraphic study]. PMID- 7131852 TI - [Management of maxillary neoplasms-present status]. PMID- 7131853 TI - Population studies on Oncomelania quadrasi, the snail intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum, in the Philippines. 3. Data transformation for significance test of snail density. AB - For the comparative study of densities of Oncomelania quadrasi, the snail intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum in the Philippines, the survey data should be transformed to stabilize the variance in determining the significant difference of densities among populations and to evaluate control measures by the difference, since the snail is distributed unevenly in the field. Comparison was made for the efficiency of stabilizing variance among 7 transformation formulas so far reported, and 2 new additional formulas in the present study. As a result, a simple transformation by y=log (x+0.01) was found to be most reliable. This nonparametric transformation can be applied to any snail population irrespective of the type of distribution and the degree of clumping. By this formula, there is no need to discard snail-free samples which are important to evaluate control measures. Using this transformation, snail survey data were analyzed in the areas where control measures were undertaken during the past several years. And significant reduction of snail densities was proven using the t-test. PMID- 7131854 TI - Pathogenicity of sialodacryoadenitis virus for rats after brain passages in suckling mice. PMID- 7131855 TI - A battery-operated stunning rod for immobilizing the venomous snake, habu, Trimeresurus flavoviridis. PMID- 7131856 TI - Resistance of mice to secondary infection with Schistosoma japonicum, with special reference to neutrophil enriched response to schistosomula in the skin of immune mice. AB - The lung recovery assay for schistosomula has been used as a rapid method for measuring acquired resistance to Schistosoma mansoni infection in challenged animals. This assay method was successfully utilized in the present study with S. japonicum in mice. Assay of resistance to reinfection with the lung recovery technique and with the conventional perfusion method demonstrated that a considerable level of resistance developed in mice which had received the primary infection of 30 S. japonicum cercariae 8 weeks prior challenge infection. In a histological study of this period, as early as 4 hours after challenge exposure there was already a dense accumulation of cells around a small proportion of schistosomula in the immune mouse skin. Light and electron microscopy revealed that the adherent cells were mainly neutrophils. There was a more increase in the cellular reaction around the schistosomula in the skin 24 hours after challenge and the cells of this reaction were still predominantly neutrophils with a few eosinophils. A small proportion of these entrapped schistosomula showed structural damage. In contrast, schistosomula in the lungs of immune mice were essentially without cellular association. It appears from our work that the adherence of neutrophils to schistosomula in immune mouse skin contributes to a reduction in the number of worms which subsequently develop. PMID- 7131857 TI - Inhibition of leukocyte migration in agar by soluble extract from a human ovarian carcinoma cell line. AB - A soluble membrane extract was prepared by a hypotonic extraction method from a cultured cell line, CKS, derived from serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary. The leukocyte migration inhibition assay in agar was used to determine the cell mediated immune response with this extract in patients with ovarian carcinoma in comparison with patients with other benign or malignant tumors and normal healthy subjects. With 100 micrograms protein/ml of the extract, leukocytes from 15/25 patients with ovarian carcinoma showed positive response, whereas 5/30 patients with benign tumors, 2/23 patients with non-ovarian carcinomas, and 0/13 normal healthy controls did so. These findings suggested that the soluble membrane extract from the CKS cells specifically inhibited migration of leukocytes from patients with ovarian carcinoma. There was a tendency that the stage III or IV patients responded to the extract more frequently than the stage I patients irrespective of histological type of ovarian carcinoma. The migration inhibition assay with a basic encephalitogenic protein (100 micrograms protein/ml) from bovine brain was performed simultaneously with the ovarian cancer extract. One of 20 patients with ovarian carcinoma, 1/29 patients with benign tumors, 1/22 patients with non-ovarian carcinomas, and 0/13 normal healthy controls responded positively. Therefore, cross-reactivity between the basic protein and tumor associated antigens could not be demonstrated in the present study. PMID- 7131859 TI - The crystals of IgG Fc-like fragment by natural cleavage of human IgG during 9 years storage. PMID- 7131858 TI - Morphological alterations of Schistosoma japonicum associated with the administration of amoscanate. AB - Morphological alterations of Schistosoma japonicum induced by the administration of a curative dose (20 mg/kg) of the schistosomicide, amoscanate (4 isothiocyanate-4'-nitrodiphenylamine, CGP4540), were studied. Worms from amoscanate-treated ddY mice exhibited remarkable changes on the surface of male and female worms, as well as in the vitelline cells of females. Various types of lesions, such as swelling and ballooning of the tegument, constriction of folds and channels, disruption of sensory receptors and exfoliation of surface layers, were prominent in many areas of the worm body. These alterations were variable in different worms recovered from the same host. The extent of the lesions was not dependent on the period of recovery after treatment. PMID- 7131860 TI - [Pyloric function and chronic gastritis. -Relationships between reflux bile acids and the deformity of duodenal bulb and/or pyloric ring]. PMID- 7131862 TI - [Morphological changes of the mucosal capillaries in ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 7131861 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of group I pepsinogens (PG I) in human serum with reference to serum PG I concentrations in normal controls, patients with gastroduodenal disorders and renal failure cases]. PMID- 7131863 TI - [Clinical significance of HDL-binding ICG in various liver disease]. PMID- 7131864 TI - [Clinicopathological study of the gallbladder in congenital dilatation of the bile duct--with special reference to the association with cancer]. PMID- 7131865 TI - [Studies on vitamin E in patients with chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 7131866 TI - [Pancreatic enzymes released into the serum and pancreatic exocrine function from the follow-up study in cases of pancreatic and non-pancreatic disease]. PMID- 7131868 TI - [4 cases of splenic pseudocyst associated with pancreatic diseases]. PMID- 7131867 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cyst -review of 24 cases-]. PMID- 7131869 TI - [Evaluation of gastric emptying and pyloric loss in cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 7131870 TI - [Minute lesions of the stomach and duodenum in Crohn's disease]. PMID- 7131871 TI - [The mechanism of experimental stress ulcer from the viewpoint of gastric mucosal blood flow, oxygen tension and energy metabolism]. PMID- 7131872 TI - [The studies on function of peripheral blood monocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide in liver disease]. PMID- 7131873 TI - [Clinical studies on liver injuries in obese subjects. (3) A transient increase in serum GPT activity during the first two weeks after caloric restriction]. PMID- 7131874 TI - [Application of lactoferrin in the diagnosis of pancreatic disease -development of the radioimmunoassay of Lactoferrin and its clinical application]. PMID- 7131875 TI - [A case of gastric candidiasis with alcoholemia]. PMID- 7131876 TI - [A case of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome with focal cancer in the small intestinal polyp]. PMID- 7131877 TI - [An autopsy case of hepatic amyloidosis accompanied with jaundice]. PMID- 7131878 TI - [A case of true pancreatic cyst with calcification]. PMID- 7131879 TI - [Radioimmunodetection of CEA producing tumors using antibodies to CEA]. PMID- 7131880 TI - [Clinical evaluation of plasma free methionine concentration and prothrombin time for differential diagnosis of fulminant hepatitis]. PMID- 7131881 TI - [Isozyme pattern of hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenase in various liver diseases]. PMID- 7131882 TI - [Fatty acid analysis by high performance liquid chromatography]. PMID- 7131884 TI - [Studies on the cervicobrachial disorder among cash register operators. Part 2. A review on clinical findings and working conditions of patients]. AB - Complaints, clinical findings and working conditions of the patients suffering from occupational cervicobrachial disorders (OCD) were discussed, with special reference to the prognosis of the patients. Subjects were 120 cash register operators with OCD engaged in supermarkets at which the authors participated in the health care activities for the prevention of the disorder. Thirty-three of them suffered from the disorder after getting well from the first onset. The authors discussed on the relationship between complaints and clinical findings of the patients and duration needed for recovery, the relationship between clinical finding and complaints of "the upper extremities" by the questionnaire of "complaints in daily life" and the relations of appearance of lowered grip strength to complaints and clinical findings. Case studies were also examined as to the influence of working conditions on the prognosis of the patients. Results were summerized as follows. 1. The severer the grade of OCD, the longer the duration needed to recover. 2. There were more complaints of arms, "the upper extremities" and "the legs", increased appearance of lowered back strength, cinesalgia of the shoulder, neck, and wrist joints, paresthesia, positiveness of Morley's test and muscle tenderness in the extensor muscles in the fingers, neck, back and so on among the patients with delayed recovery than among those recovered within 3 months. 3. Lowered back strength, muscle tenderness in the neck and in various sites of the body were observed more among the patients with many complaints of "the upper extremities" than among those without. 4. Lowered grip strength was not considered to be useful for early diagnosis of the patients. 5. Such working conditions, as carrying heavy goods and keeping upper extremities raised for a long time were considered to hamper the recovery of the disorder. PMID- 7131883 TI - [Studies on the cervicobrachial disorder among cash register operators. Part 1. Changes of characteristics of patients after improvement of working conditions]. AB - Occupational cervicobrachial disorders (OCD) among cash register operators have become an important problem since 1969. Some improvements of working conditions, such as, shortened operating time, adoption of worker rotation system and change of mechanical registers with heavy keytouches to electronic ones with light keytouches, were introduced in 1973-1974 at supermarkets at which the authors engaged in health care activities for the prevention of the disorder. Analysis was made for characteristics of 120 cash register operators of these supermarkets suffering from OCD during the period from 1972 to 1978, with special concern for differences before and after the improvement of working conditions. The subjects were divided into three groups by the year of their first consultation, A: 1972 1973, B: 1974 and C: 1975-1976. Patients of group A had engaged in cash register operation under the working conditions before improvements, and those of group C had engaged after improvements of working conditions. The authors observed that the incidence of the disorder among group C were less than that of group A, but the proportion of severe cases to all the patients were not changed. In group C more cases with chronic onset were observed than among the other two groups, and those patients with chronic onset took longer period for recovery compared with the other patients. In patients of group C compared with those of group A fewer complaints and muscle tenderness in the hands and fingers were noticed, and more cases with lowered back strength and cinesalgia of the neck were observed. The reasons for this were considered to be that the improvement of working conditions reduced the loads to the hands, but not much reduced the loads to the neck and the back. PMID- 7131885 TI - [On vibration hazards of chipping-hammer operators in an iron foundry. Part 2. Results of the hygienic control]. AB - We previously reported that the working and health conditions of vibrating tool operators in an iron foundry were investigated in 1975 and vibration hazards were observed to occur frequently in workers operating chipping-hammers powered by compressed air. After that, we instituted medical treatment for the afflicted workers and improvement of working conditions in the foundry, and have performed annual medical examinations for four years. In this paper, the course of hygienic control and the change in the medical findings of twenty-four chipping-hammer operators are reported. 1. The following measures were taken to improve the working conditions of chipping-hammer operators and therapy for patients (Table 1): (1) The operating time of vibrating tools, including chipping-hammer, was limited to two hours per day. The casting process was improved to diminish the flashes that are the objects of chipping-hammer operation. For the purpose of reducing the vibration transmitted to the operator, a servo-arm that has a servomechanism for the chipping-hammer was developed and introduced. (2) Infrared lamps in the foundry and air curtains at the doorway were installed for keeping the chipping-hammer operating area warm. A warm room was set up in the foundry for providing warmth during rest periods and protective clothing against the cold was provided. (3) Workers who displayed health disturbances by medical examinations were treated during the cold season from November to April by periodic visits to the clinic or extended hospitalization, or transferred to job without vibration exposure, according to their stage of disease. Preventive treatment with vasodilator and bubble bath was performed in winter for the chipping-hammer operators. 2. In order to estimate the effect of these countermeasures, annual medical examinations were conducted in March 1975, March 1976, April 1977 and March 1978. Such subjective symptoms as Raynaud's phenomenon, finger numbness, finger listlessness, heavy-headedness, forgetfulness, irritability and hearing disorder showed a tendency for improvement, but other complaints did not (Tables 2-4). The improvement of Raynaud's phenomenon is considered to be due not merely to the countermeasures but also to reducing the chance of provocation and therefore the countermeasures should not be overestimated as a factor of recovery of vibration hazards. Of the functional tests, a tendency for improvement was recognized in sensory functions and peripheral circulatory functions, but not in motor functions (Tables 5, 6). However, the course of recovery was not fast and some advanced cases, especially those using chipping-hammers for more than ten years, showed less improvement after hospital treatment (Table 7, Fig. 1). This indicates the importance of hygienic control which enables vibration hazards patients to have early diagnosis and treatment. Furthermore, in order to eradicate the vibration hazards in the cast metal industry, a drastic reform of the finishing process is considered to be necessary. PMID- 7131886 TI - [Pathogenesis of hyperlipidemia and fatty liver of rabbits induced by methyl iodide. Increased synthesis and secretion of triglyceride in the liver]. AB - Male Japanese white rabbits were injected subcutaneously with methyl iodide (57 mg/kg body weight/day) on two successive days and their lipid metabolism was investigated 48 hr after the last injection. The plasma triglyceride levels increased from the preinjection average of 56.1 mg/dl to 246.0 mg/dl on an average, the individual values being greatly variable. Analysis of lipoprotein profile of plasma showed a significant increase of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). Lipolytic activities in postheparin plasma did not change. However, rates of triglyceride secretion into plasma, measured by Triton WR 1339 injection method, were significantly higher in the animals treated with methyl iodide than in the controls. Histological investigation of the liver showed diffuse fat deposits in the hepatocytes without any destructive and inflammatory changes. The results indicate that hyperlipidemia and fatty liver of rabbits induced by methyl iodide is related to the elevation of triglyceride synthesis and its secretion in the liver. PMID- 7131887 TI - [Spectrophotometric determination of lead in blood with tetraphenylporphine trisulfonic acid]. PMID- 7131888 TI - [A study of direct injection method using glass-insert in gas chromatographic determination of toluene in whole blood]. PMID- 7131889 TI - [Effects of physical exercise on cerebral and hepatic sugar metabolism in rats]. PMID- 7131890 TI - [Relationship between sleep efficiency index and urinary excretion of catecholamines in humans]. PMID- 7131891 TI - [Determination of bromine contents in the blood and hair of workers exposed to methyl bromide by radioactivation analysis method]. AB - The bromine contained in blood and hair samples obtained from workers exposed to methyl bromide was analyzed by non-destructive activation analysis. The samples were irradiated for 1 min in pneumatic irradiation facility of Kyoto University research reactor with an estimated thermal neutron flux density at 2 X 10(13)n X cm-2 X sec-1. The irradiation was counted with Ge(Li) detector. The duration of measurement of radionuclide bromine in blood and hair was 200 sec within 2-10 min after irradiation. The bromine content of serum sample obtained from a worker suspected of methyl bromide poisoning was found to be 412 micrograms/g on 13 days apart from exposure to methyl bromide. The biological half-life of bromine in this case was found to be about 16 days. Then bromine contents in serum and hair samples obtained from workers exposed to methyl bromide were found to be 1.7 and 2.6 times higher respectively than those of nonexposed workers. Any correlations of bromine contents were not observed between serum and hair samples obtained from workers exposed to methyl bromide, nor between bromine amount in the serum of workers exposed to methyl bromide, and the terms exposed to it, but statistically significant positive correlation was observed between bromine amount in the hair of workers exposed to methyl bromide and the terms exposed to it. PMID- 7131892 TI - [Automated microdetermination of lead in capillary blood from earlobes by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry]. AB - Recent development of flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry has made possible more precise and sensitive determinations of metals including lead. This means that a sample size of microliter order of blood has come to give a sufficient analytic signal. Blood lead which has usually been determined using venous blood was determined in the present study using a small amount of capillary blood. The method developed is of lead determination in the capillary blood sample from earlobe by means of flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry equipped with an automated microsampling system or autosampler. Thus, 70 microliters of heparinized whole blood sample from earlobe gave a satisfactory result in the lead analysis. The procedure is as follows. 1) Blood obtained from the earlobe is collected in a heparinized capillary tube. 2) The blood is diluted in the ratio of 1 : 9 with Triton 5000 X solution for complete hemolysis of erythrocytes, by which the matrix-bound lead is released and a better distribution of samples is made possible in the graphite tube. 3) Finally the sample is analyzed by a flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometer with an autosampler. Making sure the analytical method to be accurate and reliable for blood lead determination, the authors compared capillary blood lead levels (Pb Bc) with venous ones (Pb-Bv) from the same subjects in the same sampling session. It was found that the correlation between Pb-Bc and Pb-Bv was highly significant (n = 144, r = +0.998, y = 0.97 x+0.32, p less than 0.001) and that they were almost of the same level. It was concluded that the method developed may be recommended for the routine clinical use. PMID- 7131893 TI - Protection with cycloheximide or emetine against pulmonary edema induced by ozone or nitrogen dioxide. AB - Pretreatment with cycloheximide or emetine provided significant protection against pulmonary edema in rats exposed to ozone or nitrogen dioxide. Other inhibitors of protein-synthesis, actinomycin D or puromycin, failed to show such effects. Possible actions of these agents as well as the doses and times that afforded the significant protection were investigated. These agents, by themselves, did not alter the water content of the lungs. In vitro study revealed that both cycloheximide and emetine hardly acted as scavengers of oxidant. Pretreatment with either agent was associated with a significant increase in the activity of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase of the lungs, but the increase did not necessarily coincide with the protection. Activity levels of non-protein SH, glutathione-peroxidase and -reductase in the lungs of rats treated with either agent were scarcely altered. The effect of these agents administered in vivo or in vitro on the in vitro lipid peroxidation by air was also investigated. Other possible mechanisms of these agents responsible for the protective effect against pulmonary edema induced by oxidants were also discussed. PMID- 7131894 TI - [An electron microscopic study of disturbance of the respiratory tract mucous membrane caused by tetrahydrofuran]. PMID- 7131895 TI - [Properties and mechanism of hyperlipidemia induced in rabbits by tributyltin fluoride]. AB - Male Japanese white rabbits were given tributyltin fluoride (TBTF) by gastric intubation with a single dose of 100 mg/kg body weight and their lipid and glucose metabolisms were investigated. After administration of TBTF, a reversible, but remarkable increase of lipids in plasma, particularly of triglycerides and total cholesterol, was observed. Ultracentrifugation of plasma lipoproteins revealed a marked increase in chylomicron+VLDL (very low density lipoprotein) fraction. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in postheparin plasma reduced significantly (p less than 0.02) to the levels of about 50% of the control. Fasting blood glucose level was elevated and a significant inhibition of insulin (IRI) release in response to the intravenous glucose infusion was observed in TBTF treated rabbits, but the level of blood glucose and the degree of inhibition of IRI release were low compared with those of triphenyltin fluoride treated rabbits, in which much greater fasting hyperglycemia was observed. Microscopic examination of pancreas, kidneys and thyroid gland did not reveal histological alterations contributing to the hyperlipidemia. These results suggest that hyperlipidemia induced in rabbits by tributyltin fluoride is due to decreased LPL activity. The decrease in LPL activity seems to be related to the inhibition of insulin release from islets by TBTF. PMID- 7131896 TI - [Effects of aromatic nitro and amino compounds on the osmotic fragility of red cells]. AB - Using the Coil Planet Centrifuge system, effects of single and repeated subcutaneous injections of p-nitrochlorobenzene [PNCB], aniline [AN] and phenylhydrazine [PH] on the osmotic fragility of red cell membrane in rabbits were studied. Methemoglobin [MHb] levels and appearance of Heinz bodies were also determined. In the single injection experiment, the osmotic fragility was increased immediately after the subcutaneous injections of PNCB [50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg], AN [50 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg] and PH [25 mg/kg and 45 mg/kg]. The increased MHb levels were observed first, and secondly the maximum changes of the osmotic fragility and appearance of Heinz bodies were observed nearly simultaneouly after the injections of these three compounds. In the repeated injection experiment, hemolysis starting point was shifted toward higher osmotic pressure immediately after the injections of PNCB [5 mg/kg/day and 10 mg/kg/day], AN [20 mg/kg/day and 30 mg/kg/day] and PH [1 mg/kg/day and 3 mg/kg/day], while it was shifted toward lower osmotic pressure after the last doses of PNCB and PH. Hemolysis ending point was shifted toward higher osmotic pressure after the injections of PNCB [10 mg/kg/day] and AN, while it was shifted toward lower osmotic pressure after the injections of PNCB [5 mg/kg/day] and PH. The injection of PNCB induced continuously the increased MHb levels and appearance of Heinz bodies. The injection of PH induced the continuous appearance of Heinz bodies and the transiently increased MHb levels. Although the injection of AN induced the transiently increased MHb levels, there were no appearance of Heinz bodies. These findings show that the early and continuous changes in red cell membrane induced by these three compounds were able to be detected by the use of the Coil Planet Centrifuge system. The changes in red cell membrane induced by single and repeated injections of PH were able to be detected even when the increased MHb levels were not detected. Furthermore, the changes induced by the repeated injection of AN were able to be detected even when the increased MHb levels and the appearance of Heinz bodies were not detected. Thus, it seems likely that the Coil Planet Centrifuge method is useful to examine workers exposed to aromatic nitro and amino compounds. PMID- 7131897 TI - [Effects of milled asbestos and glass fibers of 2 different lengths on macrophages]. PMID- 7131898 TI - [Detection of Thallium in the urine of a poisoned patient]. PMID- 7131899 TI - [Dose-response relationship in the incidence of urinary bladder carcinoma in mice by implanting pellets containing a chemical carcinogen]. PMID- 7131900 TI - [Desorption and gas chromatographic analysis of organic vapors collected on active carbon tubes]. PMID- 7131901 TI - [Automated analysis of vocal cord vibration from ultra high-speed films using angular bend function]. PMID- 7131902 TI - [Effects of data compression on the P-wave recognition with the adaptive correlating filter]. PMID- 7131903 TI - [Development of an optical transducer for precordial low-frequency vibration measuring system]. PMID- 7131904 TI - [Automatic classification of sleep staging by autoregressive model of EEG]. PMID- 7131906 TI - [Experiments on discrimination of abnormalities by computer processing of the standing position-anteroposterior radiograms of the stomach]. PMID- 7131905 TI - [Photo-coupled bio-analytical system with a liquid crystal optical modulator]. PMID- 7131908 TI - Symposium on toxins. Proceedings of the 28th symposium on toxins, Iwate, on july 23 and 24, 1981. PMID- 7131907 TI - [Opponent color responses of visually evoked potentials in monkey brain]. PMID- 7131909 TI - Natural killer cell activities of several inbred strains of the guinea pig and their susceptibilities to rabbit antiserum directed to guinea-pig brain tissue. AB - Natural killer (NK) cell activities of spleen and peripheral blood leukocytes from several inbred guinea-pig strains, established in this Institute, were assessed in an 18-hr 51Cr-release assay. As target cells in the NK assay, a human myeloid cell line, K562, appeared to be the most suitable among several cultured cell lines tested. Intensities of cytolysis were different from strain to strain, but generally high in JY-2, JY-4 and JY-10 and low in JY-1. Treatment of the effector cells with rabbit anti-guinea-pig brain tissue serum plus complement reduced the NK activity, whereas treatment with rabbit anti-guinea-pig thymocyte serum, or rabbit anti-asialo GM1 serum, plus complement showed no significant effect on the NK activity. PMID- 7131910 TI - [The 24th annual meeting of the Japanese Society of Nephrology]. PMID- 7131912 TI - [I. Isolation of an isomeric species of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA): CEA-S]. PMID- 7131911 TI - [The quantitative analysis of stress thallium myocardial scintigraphy using Goris' method]. PMID- 7131913 TI - [Isolation of CEA isomeric species and clinical evaluation of its radioimmunoassay. 2. Determination of CEA isomeric species by radioimmunoassay and its clinical evaluation]. PMID- 7131914 TI - [Evaluation of various systolic phase indices in ischemic heart diseases by cardiac pool imaging]. PMID- 7131915 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of clinical efficacy of liver scintigrams. (2) Analysis of inter-observer variations in SOL (space-occupying lesion) diagnosis]. PMID- 7131917 TI - [Comparative evaluation of wide-field gamma camera performance]. PMID- 7131916 TI - [Experimental and clinical evaluation of RIA-mat PTH using human C-terminal (65 84) PTH]. PMID- 7131918 TI - [Experimental and clinical evaluation of the trypsin radioimmunoassay kit]. PMID- 7131919 TI - [Basic evaluation of ferritin radioimmunoassay kit "Dainabot"]. PMID- 7131920 TI - [Studies on the measurement of serum free thyroxine with Amerlex Free T4 RIA Kit]. PMID- 7131921 TI - [Determination of blood digoxin concentrations by radioimmunoassay--evaluation by SPAC Digoxin Kit]. PMID- 7131922 TI - [Clinical significance of 67 Ga scintigraphy of inflammatory foci localized in the abdominal region]. PMID- 7131923 TI - Structure of the inner retinal surface in simple diabetic retinopathy. AB - An eye with moderate simple diabetic retinopathy in a 47-year-old man was enucleated for rubeotic glaucoma of 2 months' duration and was subjected to histopathological and ultrastructural studies. Particular attention was paid to the structure of the retinal surface as examined by scanning electron microscopy. Six normal eyes and 2 eyes with long-standing central retinal vein occlusion served as the control. The inner retinal surface in normal eyes with posterior vitreous detachment appeared as a smooth, continuous sheet seen by scanning electron microscopy. No cell-like structure was detected on the retinal surface. In the eye with simple diabetic retinopathy, on the other hand, numerous spherical cells with pseudopodic protrusions were observed throughout the retinal surface which were identified as macrophages in light, scanning and transmission electron microscopic studies. The macrophages were particularly dense and were arranged in circinate pattern corresponding to circinate lesions within the retina. The macrophages were also densely populated in retinal areas with hard exudates. In areas adjacent to the macrophages, the inner retinal surface lost its smooth and continuous structure. The matrix in the inner limiting membrane disappeared in such areas so that a coarse network of filaments lay bare on the retinal surface. These findings indicate that the inner retinal surface would be pathologically altered in simple diabetic retinopathy, particularly where hard exudates are located. PMID- 7131924 TI - Snowball opacity in retinoblastoma. AB - From 1933 through 1980, 207 retinoblastoma patients were treated in our department. Recently, both hereditary and bilateral cases have increased in number, as some of the patients have borne children. Nine out of 87 patients in the last 16 years have had large snowballs in the vitreous or in the anterior chamber. We reported herein findings in two retinoblastoma patients, aged 14 and 17 years. In the first case the possibility of retinoblastoma was less likely to be considered because of the patient's age, but conclusive diagnostic findings were provided by ultrasonography and CT scan as well as by demonstration of a snowball in the anterior chamber. The second case was one of retinoblastoma that occurred 15 years after irradiation. The patient had been on a combination of radiotherapy and cryotherapy, and her eye had to be enucleated 17 months later because of the appearance of snowball opacities in the vitreous. We conclude that snowballs in the anterior chamber and the vitreous may provide an important clue as to the diagnosis and treatment of retinoblastoma. PMID- 7131925 TI - Anomalous retinal correspondence in esotropia. AB - The incidence of anomalous retinal correspondence (ARC) and the effect of strabismus surgery on ARC were investigated among esotropic patients. From the results obtained, we speculated that the critical period for the occurrence of ARC would be around the age of 3 years. The normalization of ARC was observed in 21% of the cases who underwent surgery. As the eye position in all the normalized cases was parallel or exotropic postoperatively, we speculated that the alignment or slight overcorrection of eye position is necessary for the ARC to be normalized. PMID- 7131926 TI - Orbital leiomyoma accompanied by orbital pseudotumor. AB - We examined a 53-year-old man who had diplopia and proptosis of the right eye. Computed axial tomography showed a mass extending from the retrobulbar space to the apex and the lower portion of the right orbit. The tumor removed by the first operation from the retrobulbar space was diagnosed as leiomyoma. The mass palpated through the tissues of the lower right eyelid in the initial examination enlarged 7 months after the first operation. The tumor specimen subsequently obtained from this portion histologically revealed inflammatory pseudotumor. Therefore it was concluded that this patient had a leiomyoma accompanied by an inflammatory pseudotumor ipsilaterally. PMID- 7131927 TI - The corneal endothelial cells in ocular hypertension. AB - In order to evaluate the effect of the intraocular pressure (IOP) on the corneal endothelial cells, we investigated the endothelial cells of 37 untreated ocular hypertensive patients (72 eyes) and 40 normotensive individuals (65 eyes) by means of the contact type specular microscope, both groups being in the similar age range. The IOP was measured with a Goldmann applanation tonometer and the corneal thickness was determined with a pachymeter of Haag-Streit modified by Mishima & Hedbys. Endothelial photographs were taken in the central area of the cornea and the individual cell area was computed using a computerized image analyzer. The correlation among the IOP, the corneal thickness and the corneal endothelial cell size was analyzed. The mean cell size of corneal endothelial cells failed to be significantly correlated with either the IOP or the corneal thickness and did not show a significant difference between the right and left eyes in ocular hypertensive patients. The mean cell size of central corneal endothelial cells in ocular hypertensives was noted to be larger than that of the normotensives in each age group. The difference was of statistical significance in the subjects younger than 49 years old, and the mean difference in the cell size was the greatest in the patient group younger than 30 years old. PMID- 7131928 TI - Length perception in degeneratio pigmentosa retinae cases and normal subjects with limited visual field. AB - To investigate quantitatively the visual disturbance in cases of degeneratio pigmentosa retinae, the effect of the visual field size on length perception was studied. In the experiment, 3 patients were asked to compare the length of two lines presented on the screen for 5 seconds under monocular and free viewing conditions. The difference threshold value for stimulus length was estimated by the descending method of limit. Three normal subjects participated in this experiment under two conditions; one was the free viewing condition mentioned above and the other was a limited visual field condition. In the latter case, subjects viewed through a pinhole on the Lo-Vac contact lens. With this contact lens, they had almost the same visual field size and visual acuity as the patients. In these cases, subjects could move the eye and head freely. The results suggested that accurate length comparison is possible only when the lines are perceived simultaneously. PMID- 7131929 TI - Supraliminal contrast sensitivity functions in recovered optic neuritis. AB - The supraliminal contrast sensitivity functions in patients with recovered optic neuritis were classified into three function types: 1) type with a decrease in sensitivity in the high and an increase in the low spatial frequency region, 2) type with flat shape as found in normal subjects, and 3) type with a decrease in the low and an increase in the high frequency region. These abnormal functions may be explained by an inhibitory interaction between two parallel channels of high and low frequency, which may have a dependence on the most central and the paracentral region in the visual fields, respectively. The measurements of the supraliminal contrast sensitivity functions are clinically useful for understanding the visual processes in cases with recovered optic neuritis. PMID- 7131930 TI - Effects of N-demethylated carbachol on intraocular pressure and pupil in ocular hypertensive patients. AB - The effects of N-demethylated carbachol on intraocular pressure and pupil size were studied in 18 ocular hypertensive patients. Topical administration of N demethylated carbachol in 9%, 15% and 30% solutions has been demonstrated to bring about miosis which was found to be dose-dependent. No significant change of intraocular pressure clearly attributable to this drug has been demonstrated. PMID- 7131931 TI - Complement levels in human tears. AB - The single radial immunodiffusion technique was modified to determine tear complement component C3 with small sample volume. The C3 levels in the tears from 18 normal subjects and 42 patients with ocular diseases were determined using this method. In the normal subjects, the mean level of tear C3 was 5.12 mg per 100 ml. The physiological level of tear C3 was estimated to be less than 10 mg per 100 ml from the results in normal subjects and patients with noninflammatory ocular diseases. The cases of severe inflammatory diseases such as antiviral keratoconjunctivitis, herpetic keratitis and acute catarrhal conjunctivitis showed a high level of C3 in the tears. The C3 level was relatively low in the cases of mild inflammatory diseases such as allergic conjunctivitis. These results indicated that protein concentration of C3 in the tear was proportional to the severity of inflammation of the anterior ocular segment. PMID- 7131932 TI - Quantitative cytotoxicity of preservatives evaluated in cell culture with Chang's human conjunctival cells--effect of temperature on cytotoxicity. AB - Experimental investigations of time-dependent cytotoxicity of preservatives at concentrations commonly used in eyedrops were conducted with Chang's cultured human conjunctival cells exposed to the rest solutions at 4 degrees C, 15 degrees C and 37 degrees C for logarithmic prolonged time in the range of 128 minutes. Cytotoxicity was expressed quantitatively by the exposure time causing 50% cell damage (CDT50) calculated by the Van der Waerden method. Chlorobutanol at 0.2% concentrations showed no cytotoxicity. CDT50 of 0.3% and 0.4% chlorobutanol at 37 degrees C were 30 minutes, 19 seconds and 17 minutes, 47 seconds, respectively, which were more rapid than the estimated CDT50 at 4 degrees C and 15 degrees C. Ethylparaben at 0.05% concentration caused no cell damage. CDT50 of a mixture of 0.2% chlorobutanol and 0.05% ethylparaben was 37 minutes, 38 seconds at 37 degrees C and more rapid than at 4 degrees C and 15 degrees C. CDT50 of 0.007% benzalkonium chloride was 98.9 seconds at 37 degrees C, 94.2 seconds at 15 degrees C and 91 seconds at 4 degrees C. PMID- 7131933 TI - Attenuated ventilatory responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia in assisted breath hold drivers (Funado). AB - The steady-state ventilatory responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia in 7 assisted breath-hold divers (Funado) were compared with those in 7 normal sedentary controls. Ventilatory response to hypercapnia was measured from the slope of the hyperoxic VN-PETCO2 line, where VN was normalized minute ventilation using the allometric coefficient and PETCO2 end-Tidal PCO2. The slope of this line in the Funado (1.48 +/- 0.54 liters . min-1 . Torr-1) was significantly less than in the control (2.70 +/- 1.08 liters . min-1 . Torr-1) (p less than 0.025). On the other hand, hypoxic sensitivity estimated by hyperbolic and exponential mathematical equations was not found to be significantly different between the two groups, although estimated increments in ventilation using the hyperbolic equation exhibited significantly lower response in the Funado than in the control only when PETO2 decreased lower than 50 Torr (p less than 0.05). These findings in the Funado were different from our previous observations obtained in unassisted breath-hold divers (Kachido), in whom no obvious attenuations in CO2 sensitivity were seen. This difference was assumed to be derived from more hypercapnic and hypoxic conditions produced in the Funado than in the Kachido during diving activities. PMID- 7131934 TI - Cardiac output responses in rest and work during acute exposure to simulated altitudes of 3,000, 4,500, and 6,000 m, and during overnight sleep at 4,500 m. PMID- 7131935 TI - Search for the central origin of efferent fibers in the carotid sinus nerve of the cat. AB - Using the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) technique, the central origin of efferent fibers in the carotid sinus nerve (CSN) was examined in the cat. To avoid false labeling due to uptake from the nerve endings in the adjacent tissues of the CSN, the critical amount of HRP was sought, which was estimated at 0.5 mg. Applying 0.5 mg of HRP to the central cut end of the CSN, many labeled cells were found in the petrosal ganglion, but no labeled cells were found in the central structure. The findings of this study indicate that the origin of the most efferent fibers in the CSN is not in the central structure, but that it may be in the extracranial part of the glossopharnygeal nerve. PMID- 7131936 TI - Different reflex responses in cardiac and renal sympathetic nerve activities during coronary occlusion in the dog. AB - This study was undertaken to scrutinize the difference in the response of cardiac sympathetic nerve activity (CSNA) and renal nerve activity (RNA) to coronary artery occlusion. The magnitudes and time courses of per cent changes in CSNA and RNA, recorded simultaneously in 22 dogs, were compared with each other during a 1 min occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery under four different conditions. With afferent nerve intact, changes in CSNA and RNA showed similar biphasic patterns comprising initial increases (CSNA, 9 +/- 3.1% (S.E.); RNA, 16 +/- 6.4%, at 20 sec of occlusion) and subsequent decreases (CSNA, -3 +/- 4.3%; RNA, -11 +/- 6.5%, at 60 sec), despite the progressive fall in arterial pressure (from 109 +/- 4 to 89 +/- 4 mmHg). After carotid sinus denervation, the initial increases in both nerve activities were reduced and the subsequent decreases became more evident. The decreases in RNA (-47 +/- 8.0%) were significantly greater than those in CSNA (-23 +/- 5.6%). After bilateral cervical vagotomy, changes in both CSNA and RNA showed in contrast similar monophasic increasing patterns (CSNA, 18 +/- 4.0%; RNA, 25 +/- 5.6%, at 60 sec), where RNA increased more than did CSNA. After carotid sinus and vagoaortic denervation, CSNA and RNA increased only slightly throughout the occlusion. These results conclusively indicate that the reflex responses in CSNA and RNA during coronary occlusion are quantitatively different, though qualitatively similar, and that RNA is inhibited significantly more than CSNA by the reflex mediated through the afferent vagal nerves. PMID- 7131938 TI - Quantitative analysis of photoreceptor inputs to external horizontal cells in the goldfish retina. AB - The types of photoreceptors converging onto L-type external horizontal cells (LEHCs) were identified, and their interactions studied, by analyzing responses recorded intracellularly in live, immobilized goldfish under dark-adapted conditions. Our observations indicate that LEHCs receive inputs from red sensitive and green-sensitive cones, in that: (1) the response waveform differed markedly when elicited by shorter (less than 550 n m)-, as opposed to longer (greater than 600 nm)-, wavelength stimuli; (2) on plotting response amplitude vs. log stimulus intensity, the slope of the curves increased as the stimulus wavelengths were decreased, when the amplitude was measured at times greater than 100 msec after the onset of the flash; (3) the spectral sensitivity of LEHC responses, measured at times greater than 100 msec after stimulus onset, was intermediate between those of red-sensitive cones and green-sensitive cones; and (4) the amplitude of responses to flashes of mixed wavelengths differed from those predicted by the principle of univariance. When brief, red (706 nm) flashes were presented simultaneously with, or within 600 msec after brief, green (502 nm) flashes, the amplitudes of LEHC responses were significantly larger than predicted from linear summation of red and green inputs. Our observations thus indicate not only that red-sensitive and green-sensitive cones converge on the LEHC, but in addition, that their inputs interact to enhance LEHC responses. The enhancement might occur, at least in part, presynaptically. PMID- 7131937 TI - Thermogenic response to glucagon in cold-acclimated mice. AB - Heat production after injection of glucagon and norepinephrine was measured in warm- and cold-acclimated mice. Glucagon and norepinephrine in a dose of 100 microgram/100 g caused a marked increase in oxygen consumption. Heat production after administration of glucagon and norepinephrine was significantly potentiated by cold acclimation. A significant positive correlation was observed between the increase in oxygen consumption after injection of glucagon or norepinephrine and the weight of brown adipose tissue in warm- and cold-acclimated mice. These findings indicate that glucagon is a calorigenic hormone in mice and its effect is potentiated by cold acclimation possibly due to an activation of thermogenic mechanism(s) in brown adipose tissue. PMID- 7131939 TI - Postnatal development of evoked responses in the auditory cortex of the cat. AB - Postnatal development of the auditory evoked cortical response was investigated in the cat by laminar field potential analysis. Responses were induced by electrical stimulation of the cochlear nuclear complex and by sonic stimulation under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia. As is well known, the auditory evoked cortical response in adult cats is a diphasic positive-negative wave in the superficial cortical layers and a negative-positive wave in the deeper cortical layers. By contrast, the cortical response in neonatal kittens was a monophasic negative wave in the superficial cortical layers and a positive wave in the deeper cortical layers (sN-dP wave). After 1 week, the sN-dP wave was preceded by a small wave which was positive in the superficial cortical layers and negative in the deeper cortical layers (sP-dN wave). As animals grew older, the sP-dN wave became dominant over the sN-dP wave to take an adult-like configuration of responses at 3 to 4 weeks of age. The sN-dP wave was separable from the preceding sP-dN wave by double shock stimulation at a certain time interval. Therefore, these two wave components are presumably mediated by two different types of thalamocortical projections. The level of potential reversal in each wave component shifted from the deeper cortical layers to the more superficial cortical layers during maturation. The latency of the response decreased sharply from 44 msec at birth to 11 msec by 3 weeks, and thereafter gradually to 5 msec in adulthood. PMID- 7131940 TI - Activation of dopaminergic receptors within the caudate-putamen complex facilitates reflex bradycardia in the rat. AB - The cardiovascular responses to intravenous doses of epinephrine were assessed in sham-operated, substantia nigra (SN)-lesioned, and SN-stimulated rats under urethane anesthesia. Activation of nigrostriatal dopamine pathways with SN stimulation, although showing no alteration in the epinephrine-induced hypertension, did produce a significant enhancement in reflex bradycardia compared to the controls. In contrast, inhibiting nigrostriatal dopamine pathways with SN lesions led to a significant reduction in the epinephrine-induced bradycardia. Furthermore, local injection of a dopamine receptor agonist apomorphine into the caudate-putamen complex (CP) facilitated reflex bradycardia, while intra-CP injection of dopamine antagonists such as haloperidol and pimozide inhibited it. Moreover, the enhancement in the reflex bradycardia induced by intra-CP administration of apomorphine could readily be abolished by pretreatment with intra-CP administration of either haloperidol or pimozide. Therefore, the present data indicate that a dopaminergic synapse occurs within the caudate putamen complex which mediates reflex bradycardia in the rat. PMID- 7131941 TI - Ventilatory volume and pressure required for oscillatory ventilation in dogs. AB - We determined the ventilatory volume and pressure required to maintain a PaCO2 of 40 mmHg in dogs at between 0.5 and 16 Hz. The ventilator used was that incorporating a powerful, specially made loudspeaker to which a sine-wave signal was introduced. A windmill-type flowmeter measured the minute volume. The tidal volume, expressed per kg of body weight, was 16.1 at 0.5 Hz, decreasing linearly with log f, and reaching a value of 6.1 ml/kg at 16 Hz. The minute volume increased 10 times from 0.5 to 16 Hz. The intratracheal pressure was 12 to 13 cmH2O between 0.5 and 2 Hz, rising to 16 at 4 Hz and finally reaching 77.2 cmH2O at 16 Hz. The PaO2 values were always above 500 mmHg when FIO2 was 1.0. The frequency-impedence data were analyzed for R, I and C values. The fitting of the data to an R-I-C series model was good, but the R values obtained were considerably higher than those reported using a smaller amplitude of oscillation. PMID- 7131942 TI - Fine spontaneous contractions of the arterial wall of the rat in vitro. AB - Fine spontaneous contractions of the vascular wall were recorded from the isolated carotid artery of the rat. The amplitude and/or frequency of these fine contractions decreased in lower temperature and increased in norepinephrine. It was suggested that there is an important relationship between these fine contractions and vascular "tone" of the artery. PMID- 7131943 TI - Resting pulmonary ventilation and dead space ventilation during the menstrual cycle. AB - By reanalyzing our previous study (TAKANO et al., 1981) of resting ventilation and PACO2 during the menstrual cycle of eight healthy women, we found that relative to the follicular phase, a 9.4% increase in VA (p less than 0.05) and a 2.5 mmHg decrease in PACO2 (p less than 0.001) occurring during the luteal phase, both of which have been reported previously, were attributable mostly to a decrease in VD (-7.2%, 0.05 less than p less than 0.1) but not to an increase in VE (+1.9%, N.S.), the latter two changes producing an 8.7% decrease in VD/VT (p less than 0.01). PMID- 7131944 TI - Transient length responses of heart muscle in Ba2+-contracture to stepwise tension reductions. AB - The transient length response to the cat papillary muscle in Ba2+-contracture to stepwise tension reduction was found to consist of four different phases. This result is discussed in relation to the transient tension response of the same preparation observed in the previous length-clamp experiments. PMID- 7131945 TI - Therapeutic effect of taurine administration on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury. AB - To determine the therapeutic efficacy of taurine administration on liver injury, the effect of taurine on hepatic lipid peroxide level following carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administration was investigated. To CCl4 intoxicated rats (CCl4, 2 ml/kg, i.p.), 3 ml of a 10% aqueous solution of taurine was administered after CCl4 administration (at 12, 16, and 20 hr after), and rats were sacrificed at 24 hr after CCl4 administration in order to estimate the level of lipid peroxides in the liver. The decrease of hepatic lipid peroxidation induced by CCl4 was noticed in the taurine-treated rats. Taurine had no effect on mixed function oxidase activity in hepatic microsomes as well as no effect on hepatic antioxidant content in the CCl4-intoxicated rats. Hepatic taurine content decreased significantly 12 and 24 hr after CCl4 administration, whereas oral administration of taurine to CCl4-intoxicated rats was able to protect these rats from hepatic taurine depletion. These results suggest that hepatic taurine may play a critical role on the protection of hepatocytes against hepatotoxins such as CCl4 and the administration of taurine may be useful in the treatment of hepatotoxin-induced liver injury. PMID- 7131946 TI - Effects of renal sympathectomy on sodium and water excretion in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - In stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP), urinary excretion of sodium and water and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) are markedly decreased by acute normalization of the renal perfusion pressure using an aortic clamping technique. To examine the mechanism for the decreased sodium and water excretion, SHRSP rats were subjected to bilateral renal denervation. Sodium and water excretion and GFR in SHRSP with aortic clamping were significantly restored by the renal denervation. The restoration was more prominent in the urine flow and GFR. When renal perfusion pressure was normalized by administration of sympatholytic drugs in another group of SHRSP, sodium and water excretion were decreased. However, the extent of the decrease in urine flow but not in sodium excretion was significantly less than that in SHRSP with aortic constriction. GFR was not changed by administration of the sympatholytic drugs. Renal denervation lowered the blood pressure in SHRSP. These results suggest that renal sympathetic nerve activity is greatly involved in the reduced water excretion and partly involved in the reduced sodium excretion in SHRSP rats. PMID- 7131947 TI - Effect of 4-aminopyridine on the rat superior cervical ganglion. AB - Effect of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) on the isolated superior cervical ganglion of the rat was investigated by means of the sucrose-gap-method. 4-AP initiated discharges of postganglionic neurons and simultaneously increased the amplitude of the compound action potential evoked by supramaximal preganglionic nerve stimulation at concentrations higher than 0.1 mM. Ganglionic discharges induced by 4-AP were characterized by low frequency and high amplitude. These 4-AP induced discharges were unaffected by removal of the preganglionic nerve trunk. These discharges were suppressed by d-tubocurarine, Ca removal from saline, or preganglionic denervation, whereas discharges of high frequency and low amplitude were observed after 4-AP in Ca-free solution or in denervated preparations. During perfusion with 4-AP, antidromic action potentials were recorded from the preganglionic nerve. When 4-AP was applied to the preganglionic nerve trunk, however, postganglionic responses were unaffected. It is suggested that discharges of postganglionic neurons were induced by 4-AP, possibly as a result of an initiation of action potentials in preganglionic terminal fibres running in the ganglion. PMID- 7131948 TI - Alteration of norepinephrine release from [3h]-norepinephrine preloaded basilar artery by naphthalenesulfonamides. AB - The effects of W-7, W-5, No. 233, and chlorpromazine on sympathetic nerve transmitter efflux were compared in superfused canine basilar arterial preparations preloaded with [3H]-norepinephrine. In vitro experiments suggest that these agents are selective calmodulin antagonists. The electrical transmural stimulation-induced efflux of tritium was reduced by W-7 and W-5, although they were unexpectedly equipotent since W-5 is a chloride-deficient derivative of W-7 and has a lower affinity for calmodulin than does W-7. The median inhibitory concentration (IC50) of W-7 for stimulation-induced efflux was 3.4 X 10(-6) M. The addition of No. 233 at relatively high concentrations (3 X 10(-5) M and 5 X 10(-5) M) caused a reduction in stimulation-induced efflux. Chlorpromazine produced a dual effect on the efflux: enhancement at low concentrations (below 1 X 10(-6) M) and reduction at high concentrations. The IC50 values of No. 233 and chlorpromazine were 3.5 X 10(-5) M and 2.5 X 10(-5) M, respectively. The additions of these four agents also caused a significant elevation in the spontaneous basal efflux of tritium from the preparations. The concentrations of the agents that elevated the spontaneous efflux to the level of half the stimulation-induced efflux were closely fitted to the IC50 values for stimulation induced efflux. This finding indicates that the elevation in spontaneous efflux is directly proportional to the reduction in electrical stimulation-induced efflux. From these findings, it is concluded that naphthalenesulfonamides including W-7 have a direct effect on sympathetic nerve terminals which is independent of the effect on calmodulin. PMID- 7131949 TI - Effect of morphine on the stimuli-induced calcium uptake into synaptosomes isolated from morphine-tolerant rats. AB - Effects of morphine on calcium uptake into synaptosomes isolated from acutely or chronically morphine-tolerant rat brain was studied. Addition of morphine inhibited the depolarization-stimulated uptake of calcium without affecting uptake under nondepolarizing conditions. This inhibition was prevented by simultaneous addition of naloxone with morphine before calcium uptake was initiated. Acute tolerance to morphine increased depolarization-stimulated synaptosomal calcium uptake. On the other hand, chronic exposure of rats to morphine to elicit tolerance to and physical dependence on morphine did not influence synaptosomal calcium uptake. However, these preparations apparently lost the ability of in vitro morphine-inhibition of calcium uptake into the synaptosomes. Our results suggested that adaptive changes of synaptosomal calcium uptake produced by exposure to morphine may be involved in tolerance and physical dependence development, but influence of morphine on calcium uptake by the synaptosomes isolated from the rats acutely tolerance to morphine was differed from that of chronic tolerant rats. PMID- 7131950 TI - Studies on chemotherapy of parasitic helminths (VII). Effects of various cholinergic agents on the motility of Angiostrongylus cantonensis. AB - Effects of various cholinergic agents on the motility of Angiostrongylus cantonensis were studied to define the neuropharmacological properties of this worm. Stimulation of the motility and/or contraction were shown by eserine, ACh, carbachol, nicotine, DMPP, pyrantel, and Ba2+, but not by pilocarpine and McN-A 343. Contraction was similarly observed by these agents in the preparations paralyzed with praziquantel. Paralysis was caused remarkably by d-tubocurarine and slightly by succinylcholine, while the contraction induced by eserine and DMPP was little influenced by these drugs. Both the motility and the eserine induced contraction were little influenced by hexamethonium, but stimulated remarkably by atropine. Though hemicholinium-3, morphine, and picrate showed little effect, guanidine stimulated remarkably the motility and also the eserine induced contraction. The stimulatory action of guanidine was antagonized by strychnine. Strychnine paralyzed the motility, and the eserine-induced contraction was antagonized by the pre- and post-treatment with strychnine. From these results, it is suggested that the excitatory cholinergic mechanism in A. cantonensis is nicotinic, and it is basically similar to that reported in Ascaris suum. PMID- 7131951 TI - Vasodilator and hypotensive effects of the optical isomers of nicardipine (YC 93), a new Ca2+-antagonist. AB - Vasodilator and hypotensive effects of (+) and (-) nicardipine were investigated in anesthetized dogs. When administered intravenously, (+) nicardipine was 3 times as potent as the (-) isomer in increasing vertebral blood flow and in lowering mean blood pressure. When injected into the vertebral artery, (+) nicardipine was also 3 times as potent as the (-) isomer in increasing vertebral blood flow. Upon both routes of administration, the duration of the action after (+) nicardipine was longer than that after the (-) isomer. However, there were no differences of plasma nicardipine levels after intravenous injection of both isomers to conscious beagle dogs. The LD50 values of (+) nicardipine in mice and rats upon intravenous injection were only 1.5-2 times smaller than those of the ( ) isomer. These results indicate that there exists a stereoselectivity of vasodilator and hypotensive actions among the nicardipine isomers. PMID- 7131952 TI - A new device for the determination of microsomal cytochrome P-450 in renal tissue preparations from various species contaminated with mitochondria and hemoglobin. AB - Using a spectrophotometer connected to a microcomputer, the carbon monoxide difference spectrum of renal microsomal dithionite-reduced cytochrome P-450 was measured avoiding the effects of the contaminating mitochondrial cytochromes and hemoglobin by subtracting the CO difference spectrum of a succinate-treated microsomal suspension from that of a dithionite-treated one. By this method, we quantitatively determined the microsomal cytochrome P-450 in kidneys from various species. The absorption peak of the renal microsomal cytochrome P-450 was about 452 nm in rats and about 450 nm in mice, hamsters, rabbits, guinea pigs, dogs, and pigs. Compared with the renal cytochrome P-450 contents in rats, the contents on a g tissue basis were greater in pigs, dogs, and mice and were about the same in hamsters and rabbits. The renal cytochrome P-450 contents in guinea pigs were less than those in rats. PMID- 7131953 TI - Effect of doxapram on the action of other drugs and the hepatic drug-metabolizing system in mice. AB - Effects of doxapram, a respiratory stimulant, on the action of other drugs and the activity of the hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme were studied in mice. The hypothermic effect induced by aminopyrine and the muscle relaxant effect induced by meprobamate were potentiated by the pretreatment with doxapram 60 min before. Furthermore, doxapram significantly enhanced the lethalities of picrotoxin and strychnine and the analgesic actions of aminopyrine and morphine. The plasma concentration of aminopyrine or pentobarbital in doxapram-treated mice was higher than those in untreated mice, and the plasma concentration of normustard related to an active metabolite of cyclophosphamide after the administration of cyclophosphamide was lower in doxapram-treated mice. On the other hand, doxapram (50 mg/kg, i.p.) reduced remarkably the activities of aminopyrine N-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase in the hepatic 9,000xg supernatant fraction, and also reduced the cytochrome P-450 contents in hepatic microsomes. However, no significant alteration by doxapram was observed on the activities of NADH ferricyanide reductase and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome b5 contents. It seems likely that the mechanisms of the interaction between doxapram and combined drugs involved the depression of the hepatic drug-metabolizing system in microsomes and a subsequent variation of drug level in the plasma. PMID- 7131954 TI - High K+,Na+-deficient solution inhibits tension, O2 consumption, and ATP synthesis in smooth muscle. AB - In guinea pig taenia coli, added 45.4 mM K+ induced a sustained contraction, increased the rate of oxygen consumption, and slightly decreased the ATP content. In substituted 154.2 mM K+, Na+-deficient solution, only a transient contraction was induced. Oxygen consumption also showed only a transient increase and ATP content of the muscle rapidly decreased. Such an inhibition of sustained contraction and the decrease in both oxygen consumption and ATP content were recovered when 5.5 mM pyruvate or 50 mM NaCl was added during the 154.2 mM K+ induced contraction. In rabbit aorta, substituted 80 mM K+, 74.2 mM Na+ solution induced a sustained contraction, increase in oxygen consumption, and no change in ATP content. The 80 mM K+ solution without added glucose also induced a sustained contraction followed by a slight increase in oxygen consumption and a slight decrease in ATP content. The 154.2 mM K+, Na+-deficient solution produced similar changes in both oxygen consumption and ATP content as the 80 mM K+, glucose depleted solution. However, the 154.2 mM K+ solution induced only a transient contraction in the vascular smooth muscle. When 100 mM sucrose was hyperosmotically added to the 154.2 mM K+ solution, the suppressed muscle tension increased again, although the ATP content did not increase. From these and the previous results, it is concluded that glucose utilization by the taenia coli is inhibited in the 154.2 mM K+, Na+-deficient solution, and the decreased energy production of the muscle cell does not compensate the increased energy consumption induced by the high concentration of K+. In the aorta, although the Na+-deficient solution also decreases ATP production, it is the cell swelling induced by a high KCI concentration in the medium, not the decrease in energy metabolism, that has a direct inhibitory effect on muscle tension. PMID- 7131955 TI - Potentiating effects of dipyridamole on the secretion of pancreatic juice induced by secretin in the blood-perfused dog pancreas. PMID- 7131957 TI - [The subject types in word association and their relationship to response styles and subscales of MMPI and WAIS]. PMID- 7131956 TI - Taurine acts on presynaptic autoreceptors for GABA in the cerebellum: effects on Ca2+ influx and GABA release. PMID- 7131958 TI - [Spectral analysis of finger photoelectric plethysmogram in its relation to emotion: visual display of baseline deflection and pulse wave]. AB - The present study applied spectral analysis of finger photoelectric plethysmogram (PTG) to describe the emotional factor involved in baseline deflection of PTG. Using 23 normal male students as subjects, PTG was measured under rest, verbal instruction, and electric shock conditions. PTG spectral analysis via fast Fourier transform was carried out on the consecutive 10 X 9 ms X 1 024 points X 4(398.64 s) samples in each condition with frequency resolution at 0.0109 Hz. In the analysis of power spectra, two distinct power peaks were observed in all conditions; below 0.3 Hz and around 1.0 Hz. It was confirmed that the former was baseline deflection and the latter was heart beat component. There were no differences in each peak frequency among conditions. Whereas peak power below 0.3 Hz tended to increase all through verbal instruction and electric shock conditions as compared to rest one. These results were discussed in relation to anxiety involved in emotion. PMID- 7131959 TI - [Hemispheric asymmetry in tactile recognition tasks with left and right handers]. AB - A tactile recognition test was conducted to examine the laterality differences in the adult left and right handers. In one condition (Non-rotation condition), tactually presented nonsense figures were matched to the visually presented recognition display. In another condition (Rotation condition), tactual stimuli were presented in various direction so that subjects matched the stimuli to the visual display by means of mental rotation. The results obtained from the right handers showed that there was no hand difference in the Non-rotation condition while significant left hand superiority was revealed in the Rotation condition. Left handers did not show any hand difference in both conditions. These results suggest that hemisphere difference in tactile recognition of the left handers is not identical to that of the right handers. PMID- 7131960 TI - [The effects of hippocampal lesions on two types of avoidance learning in rats: effects on learning to be active or to be inactive]. AB - Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of hippocampal lesions upon various behaviors of rats in both shock and shock-free situations. The main emphasis, however, was placed on the study of the effects of the lesion upon avoidance learning to be active and inactive. In Experiment I, partially hippocampectomized rats, as compared with the control rats, showed better performance in the avoidance task to be active, but groups did not differ in the avoidance task to be inactive. Having assumed that the latter result was due to the insensitivity of the stabilimeter device used to detect rat's movements, they were detected visually by an observer under a blind condition in Experiment II. Hippocampectomized rats were shown to be poorer than control rats in learning to avoid by being immobile. The results were discussed with reference to Issacson (1974) and Blanchard, Blanchard, Lee, and Fukunaga (1977). The results obtained in shock free situations did not differ significantly among groups. But there was some evidence showing the mean durations of freezing and immobility to be less per episode in hippocampectomized than control rats. PMID- 7131961 TI - [Effects of head movements on sound localization in pseudo-phonically reversed hearing]. AB - Measurements of sound localization in the lateral dimension were taken with or without head movements when the observer wore the electronic pseudophone in an anechoic chamber. Tones of various frequencies as stimuli were presented from the loudspeakers located on the horizontal plane of the observer's head and on the circle, 2 m in diameter, around the observer, who pointed with his hand the position from which he thought the sound originated. The results of three subjects showed that: when the inter-aural axis of the pseudophone was 180 degrees reversed, real and apparent locations of the sound were symmetrical with respect to the median of the observer's head under the head-fixed condition, but were symmetrical with respect to the position of the observer's head as a center under the head-free condition. The implication of the results obtained was discussed. PMID- 7131962 TI - Intrahepatic periductal glands and their significance in primary intrahepatic lithiasis. AB - Resected hepatic tissues of 24 patients with primary intrahepatic lithiasis were examined histo-pathologically. Calcium bilirubinate stones, cellular debris and mucinous substances occupied the lumen of large dilated intrahepatic bile ducts. Numerous mucin secreting glands were seen within or around the wall of these bile ducts. Similar structures were demonstrated in two patients with non calculous congenital dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts. Cholestasis was often absent in the hepatic parenchyma. Production of intrahepatic gallstones may be caused by not only biliary stasis and infection, but also by intraductal mucin and slow flowing bile in combination with cellular debris, bile pigment and other bile components. PMID- 7131963 TI - Identification of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in bile of patients with malignant biliary tract disease. AB - As a diagnostic aid of malignant hepato-biliary tract disease, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in the bile and serum were evaluated in 12 patients with benign and 19 patients with malignant hepato-biliary diseases. Of the 12 patients with benign disease, 3 had a residual choledocholithiasis. CEA levels were determined in 7 patients with cancer of the head of pancreas or of the duodenal ampulla. Bile samples were obtained via biliary tract drainage after allowing for sufficient time to exclude the effects of pre-existing bile stasis or inflammation. The average serum CEA levels from 8 patients with benign disease were 1.5 +/- 0.23 ng/ml in contrast to 3.3 +/- 0.55 ng/ml in 18 with a malignancy (p less than 0.05). The average CEA levels in bile from 9 patients with benign and 19 with a malignancy were 1.7 +/- 0.31 ng/ml and 7.6 +/- 1.70 ng/ml respectively (p less than 0.01). In 3 with residual choledocholithiasis, serum and bile CEA levels were 2.0 +/- 0.46 ng/ml and 13.1 +/- 6.47 ng/ml. The serum and bile CEA levels from 7 patients with cancer of the head of the pancreas or of duodenal ampulla were 2.5 +/- 0.32 ng/ml and 8.8 +/- 3.3 ng/ml, respectively. Although measurement of both serum and bile CEA levels in patients with hepato biliary tract disease proved to be useful for differentiation of malignant from benign disease, the high value obtained strongly suggests the presence of a malignancy in addition to the residual choledocholithiasis and cancer of the head of the pancreas or of the duodenal ampulla. PMID- 7131964 TI - Gastric secretion in hyperthyroidism. AB - The coexistence of hyperthyroidism and peptic ulcer is considered to be extremely rare. We have treated 24 patients with both hyperthyroidism and peptic ulcer during the years 1968-1978. With regard to the correlation between hyperthyroidism and peptic ulcer, we found that the mean value of gastric acid output was higher in the hyperthyroid patients than in the controls, and an extremely high gastric acid output was noted in 8 of the hyperthyroid patients. These results suggest that hyperthyroidism coexisting with peptic ulcer may not be so rare. PMID- 7131965 TI - Postoperative long-term cancer chemotherapy (PLCC) extends life-span of non curatively resected patients with stage IV gastric cancer. AB - Postoperative long-term cancer chemotherapy (PLCC) with a combination of Mitomycin-C, Tegafur and PSK (an immunostimulant) was applied to non-curatively resected cases with stage IV gastric cancer (invading the adjacent organs and/or with metastasis to the liver, peritoneum, and/or distant lymph nodes). This approach has a significant life-prolongation effect. The two-year survival rate was 16.8 per cent in the PLCC group, such being higher than 6.7 per cent and 1.7 per cent in MMC and no chemotherapy groups (p less than 0.05). 50 per cent survival periods in those with liver metastasis were 8.3 months in the PLCC group, such being longer than 5.2 and 2.8 months in MMC and no chemotherapy groups (p less than 0.002) respectively. Combination therapy of PLCC and intra arterial infusion of 5-FU through the proper hepatic artery prescribed for 8 patients with liver metastasis resulted in a 3-month prolongation of 50 per cent survival periods, compared with PLCC alone (p less than 0.05). In those with peritoneal dissemination the rate was 10.5 months in the PLCC group, that is longer than 6.5 months in the MMC group (p less than 0.02). In cases of invasion to other organs plus distant lymph node metastasis, the time was 11.0 in PLCC and 7.0 months in MMC groups (p less than 0.05). Thus, PLCC is a palliative approach for non-curatively resected carcinoma of the stomach. PMID- 7131966 TI - The role of vagotomy in healing of gastric ulcers induced in rats. AB - The role of vagotomy for healing of gastric ulcer is obscure. To investigate the effect of vagotomy on healing of experimentally-induced gastric ulcer, a mucosal defect of a constant size was made in the gastric fundus of control rats and other rats subjected to abdominal bilateral vagotomy. Gastric acid secretory response to electrical stimulation of the cervical vagus nerve and changes in body weight and in ulcer index (mm2) were estimated postoperatively, in these groups. Significant acid secretory responses to the vagal stimulation and constant weight gain were observed in the control rats while there was no acid secretory response and a lesser weight gain in the vagotomized rats than in the controls. There were no significant differences of postoperative ulcer indices between the two groups. These results suggest that the procedure does not alter gastric mucosal circumstances related to the healing of the gastric ulcers, although vagotomy abolishes the cephalic phase of gastric acid secretion. PMID- 7131967 TI - Bentall's operation. A modification for coronary-graft anastomosis in an annuloaortic ectasia without displacement of the coronary origins. AB - Bentall's operation using a composite graft for complete replacement of an ascending aortic aneurysm and associated incompetent aortic valve is being widely used. In case of no displacement of the coronary origins, however, this technique often leads to difficulties in restoring the coronary flow. We now report a successful modification for this coronary-graft anastomosis. PMID- 7131968 TI - Direct communication of the right pulmonary artery with the left atrium in an infant. AB - An 8-month-old Japanese girl with cyanosis and evidence of a round shadow connected with the right cardiac border on the chest X-ray film was diagnosed as a case of direct communication of the right pulmonary artery with the left atrium (RPA-LA communication) following cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography. She had a history of transient congestive heart failure in the early neonatal period. A secundum atrial septal defect and a two-lobed right lung were also present. The patient became asymptomatic after a successful ligation of the anomalous connecting vessel. PMID- 7131969 TI - Induction of carcinoma of the gallbladder in hamsters by insertion of methylcholanthrene beeswax pellets. PMID- 7131970 TI - Translateral retroperitoneal approach in radical surgery for pancreatic carcinoma. AB - Investigations of the lymphatic routes using dye during operations and histological studies on the resected specimen of the pancreas and autopsied cases with pancreatic carcinoma have led to the conclusion that the surgery should be performed more extensively to improve the results and should consist of a complete lymphatic excision surrounding the celiac axis and the trunk of the superior mesenteric artery including dissection of the nerve plexus and wide retroperitoneal dissection surrounding the pancreas, upwards to the level of adrenal glands, and downwards to the level of iliac bifurcation. A translateral retroperitoneal approach was found to be the most useful and safe method for such extended resection in patients with pancreatic carcinoma. Our radical procedure for pancreatic carcinoma is described herein. PMID- 7131971 TI - [Changes in pulmonary function during hemodialysis]. PMID- 7131972 TI - [Effect of noradrenaline on turnover of pleural fluid]. PMID- 7131973 TI - [Morphology and function of the alveolar macrophages in normal and inflammatory lungs]. PMID- 7131974 TI - [Analysis of ventilatory control by an automated system in patients with chronic pulmonary emphysema]. PMID- 7131975 TI - [Effect of increased vascular pressure on transvascular fluid filtration of the lung in anesthetized dogs]. PMID- 7131976 TI - [Studies on dynamics of airways during cough]. PMID- 7131977 TI - [Mechanism of the appearance of pulmonary tram line shadow]. PMID- 7131978 TI - [Idiopathic bronchial ulcer or erosion--clinical studies]. PMID- 7131979 TI - [Autopsy case of pulmonary neoplasm with multiple cavities in the lung]. PMID- 7131980 TI - [Retromediastinal pheochromocytoma--a case study]. PMID- 7131981 TI - [Familial occurrence of diffuse panbronchiolitis accompanied with elevation of cold agglutinin titer in a father and his two daughters]. PMID- 7131982 TI - [Bronchial chondroma--a case study]. PMID- 7131983 TI - [Experimental chronic respiratory failure induced with paraquat in rats- evaluated by growth rate of rats and lung histopathology]. PMID- 7131984 TI - [Metabolism of heparin in the lung--experimental investigation of heparin metabolism in rabbits]. PMID- 7131985 TI - [An animal model of hypersensitivity pneumonitis--histological and immunological studies of pigeon breeder's lung in rabbits]. PMID- 7131986 TI - [Suppression of macrophage chemotaxis by sera from patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis]. PMID- 7131987 TI - [Effects of pentobarbital on adult rats exposed to high concentrations of oxygen]. PMID- 7131988 TI - [A comparison of two different exponential descriptions (Salazar-Knowles' and Colebatch-Gibson's) for the static deflationary pressure-volume curve]. PMID- 7131989 TI - [One-stage bilateral thoracotomy for bilateral pulmonary metastases from adrenal gland carcinoma]. PMID- 7131990 TI - [Case report of a severe hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by a humidifier]. PMID- 7131991 TI - [A case of egg-induced BEAP syndrome (bronchiectasis, eosinophilia, asthma, pneumonitis]. PMID- 7131992 TI - [A case of tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica complaining of cough and hemoptysis]. PMID- 7131993 TI - [Tumor-like x-ray shadow produced by mycobacterium kansasii infection]. PMID- 7131994 TI - [Anatomic correction of complete transposition of the great arteries -- experience in 4 patients]. PMID- 7131995 TI - [Surgical management for complete transposition of the great arteries with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary stenosis]. PMID- 7131996 TI - [Surgery of corrected transposition of the great arteries and DORV with atrioventricular discordance]. PMID- 7131997 TI - [A case of ILL-TGA with dextrocardia treated by Mustard's operation with the transpulmonary closure of VSD]. PMID- 7131998 TI - [Early and late results of Mustard procedure for complete transposition of great arteries]. PMID- 7131999 TI - [Results after Mustard's operation for transposition of the great arteries]. PMID- 7132000 TI - [The Senning operation for transposition of great arteries with intact ventricular septum]. PMID- 7132001 TI - [The development of pulmonary vascular obstruction disease in transposition of the great vessels and intact ventricular septum after successful Senning operation in early infancy]. PMID- 7132002 TI - [Successful case of double-valve replacement for aortic steno-regurgitation and mitral stenosis combined with thrombocytopenia and eosinophilia]. PMID- 7132003 TI - [A case of neurilemmoma of the trachea]. PMID- 7132004 TI - [Clinical conference at the Department of Surgery, University of Tsukuba. 1. Aneurysm-excluding bypass in ruptured aneurysm of the aortic arch]. PMID- 7132005 TI - [Surgical treatment of interventricular septal perforation complicated with acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7132006 TI - [A case of coronary artery fistula, complicated with myocardial infarction and angina]. PMID- 7132007 TI - [Further observation concerning empyema after resection for bronchogenic carcinoma and survival (cooperative study in Japan)]. PMID- 7132008 TI - [Simplified cold cardioplegia]. PMID- 7132009 TI - [Surgical treatment of carcinoma of esophagus and gastric cardia]. PMID- 7132010 TI - [Experience with anterior approach (Masaoka's method) without clavicular amputation for resection of pulmonary apical carcinoma]. PMID- 7132011 TI - [Late cardiac tamponade due to pericardial effusion]. PMID- 7132012 TI - [A clinical case of malignant localized pleural mesothelioma]. PMID- 7132013 TI - [Left-sided cervical aortic arch--complicating with aneurysm of right-sided descending aorta]. PMID- 7132014 TI - [Clinical conference at the Department of Surgery, University of Tsukuba. 2. Surgical indication in a case of lung cancer with past history of myocardial infarction in an 80-year-old patient]. PMID- 7132015 TI - Morphological studies on the vomeronasal organ in the golden hamster. PMID- 7132016 TI - Lysogenicity and phage typing of Yersinia enterocolitica isolated in Japan. PMID- 7132017 TI - Ultrastructural studies on the degranulation and regranulation of adrenal catecholamine-storing cells in the domestic fowl after reserpine treatment. PMID- 7132018 TI - Serovars and biovars of Pasteurella haemolytica isolated from calves. PMID- 7132020 TI - [Arterial supply of the masseter muscle in horse]. PMID- 7132019 TI - Development of the external genitalia in bovine fetuses. PMID- 7132021 TI - Some observations on the parafollicular (C) cells in the equine thyroid. PMID- 7132022 TI - Sero-epidemiologic survey on canine parvovirus infection. PMID- 7132023 TI - Susceptibility to Babesia rodhaini infection due to sex and age of mice. PMID- 7132024 TI - [Radioisotope methods and computer technics in the study of the circulatory system]. PMID- 7132025 TI - [First pass technic in radioisotope angiocardiography. Left ventricular function at varying times following myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7132026 TI - [First pass technic in radioisotope angiocardiography. II. Magnitude of the ejection fraction, disorders of the walls mobility and the pulmonary circulation time depending on the degree of left ventricular damage and the location of the infarction area]. PMID- 7132027 TI - [Evaluation of postinfarction cardiac wall mobility disorders and of the left ventricular ejection fraction by the gating technic of radioisotope angiocardiography]. PMID- 7132028 TI - [Clinical studies of the hemodynamics of coronary circulation using the methods of selective administration of xenon-133 into the coronary vessels]. PMID- 7132029 TI - [Importance of isotope adrenal studies in the diagnosis of secondary hypertension]. PMID- 7132030 TI - [Clinical usefulness of radioisotope ventriculography]. PMID- 7132031 TI - [Effect of preliminary administration of the synthetic antioxidant ionol on the contractile function of the heart during transitory ischemia and reperfusion]. PMID- 7132032 TI - [Work of left ventricular ejection in mitral and aortic defects]. PMID- 7132033 TI - [Effect of smoking on microcirculation in vessels of the bulbar conjunctiva in essentially healthy young subjects]. PMID- 7132035 TI - [Set of measures to control smoking as a component of multifaceted prevention of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7132034 TI - [Population genetic studies of cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 7132036 TI - [Incidence and characteristics of dyslipoproteinemia in men with ischemic heart disease detected in an epidemiologic study]. PMID- 7132037 TI - [Low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the blood of healthy and hyperlipemic men 40--59-years-old]. PMID- 7132038 TI - [Distribution of high density lipoprotein cholesterol in different age groups of Muscovite men]. PMID- 7132040 TI - [Determination of normal (desirable) body weight for 40--59-year-old men according to the results of an epidemiologic study of cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 7132039 TI - [Concentration of low density lipoprotein subclass cholesterol and testosterone in the plasma of men residing on Prangli Island in the Estonian SSR]. PMID- 7132041 TI - [Psychological aspects of people's participation in preventive examinations (primary screening)]. PMID- 7132042 TI - [Current problems in preventive cardiology]. PMID- 7132043 TI - [Hyperuricemia, risk factors of ischemic heart disease and the character of nutrition]. PMID- 7132044 TI - [Arterial hypertension and level of occupational performance of industrial workers]. PMID- 7132045 TI - [Morbidity, mortality and organization of medical services for acute myocardial infarct patients in Krasnoiarsk]. PMID- 7132046 TI - [Problems in the rehabilitation and long-term treatment of heart failure patients]. PMID- 7132047 TI - [Role of somatotropic hormone in the dystrophic syndrome of patients with chronic circulatory failure]. AB - Concentrations of somatotropic hormone (STH) in the blood were determined in 71 patients with varying degrees of chronic circulatory insufficiency and the dystrophic syndrome and in 12 healthy individuals. The degree of dystrophic changes in the body was evaluated by figures of the dry body weight. In 36 patients with severe circulatory insufficiency albumin metabolism was also studied. The results showed that the basal level of STH of the blood rises when chronic circulatory insufficiency supervenes and develops. No relationship between the degree of STH rise in the blood and dystrophic changes in body was found. A reverse correlation between the STH content in the blood and the size of the dry body weight in patients with enhanced breakdown of albumen suggests that in cardiac insufficiency STH plays a role in the adaptation of metabolism to the dystrophic process in the body, perhaps by stimulating the metabolism of fats. PMID- 7132048 TI - [Electrical position of the heart and variants of the normal 35 lead cartogram]. PMID- 7132049 TI - [Features of atrioventricular valve function in patients with interatrial septal defects according to echocardiographic findings]. PMID- 7132050 TI - [Use of echocardiography in the diagnosis of narrowing of the left ventricular inflow tract in congenital heart defects]. PMID- 7132051 TI - Sodium homeostasis in dogs with chronic renal insufficiency. AB - Volume homeostasis in the fasting rate and 24-hr sodium balance are maintained in chronic renal insufficiency as a result of adaptations in the residual nephrons. This study evaluates the limitations to these adaptations and the dynamics of sodium excretion (UNaV) after an acute challenge with 100 mEq of sodium chloride in normal dogs (GFR 50 ml/min) and in dogs with one remnant kidney and moderate chronic renal insufficiency (GFR 15 ml/min). When food was administered with the sodium challenge, no or minimal changes in serum protein and hematocrit values occurred, and the natriuretic responses were small and equivalent in normal and remnant dogs. On the other hand, when the sodium challenge was given without food, the natriuretic response was large in normal dogs and markedly blunted in remnant. Within 5 hr of the sodium challenge, the various groups of normal dogs excreted 40 to 63% of the sodium load, but the remnant animals eliminated only 12 to 22% (P less than 0.001). The blunted natriuresis in remnant dogs was associated with a prolonged hemodilution of circulating proteins, indicating a longer lasting expansion of the intravascular volume. The blunted response was independent of sodium diet, of the administration route (p.o. vs. i.v.) or strength (isotonic vs. hypertonic) of the sodium load, and appears to result from an inability of the remnant kidney to rapidly excrete a sodium load. Thus, administration of sodium to dogs with chronic renal insufficiency leads to prolonged sodium retention, prolonged extracellular fluid (ECF) volume expansion, and requires a prolonged excretory cycle to restore 24-hr balance. PMID- 7132052 TI - Lymphocyte and granulocyte function in zinc-treated and zinc-deficient hemodialysis patients. AB - Lymphocyte blast transformation and granulocyte motility were studied in 20 clinically stable hemodialysis patients, 10 of whom were receiving 50 mg of zinc (as zinc acetate) per day and 10 of whom were not. Plasma zinc concentration was significantly higher in zinc-treated than in untreated patients (108 +/- 5 vs. 82 +/- 2 micrograms/dl). Mononuclear cell subpopulation analysis showed equivalent proportions of T lymphocytes and monocytes in both groups, but B lymphocytes were reduced in untreated patients (10 +/- 0.7 vs 14 +/- 0.5%). Lymphocyte blast transformations in response to nonspecific mitogens, soluble antigen and mixed lymphocyte culture were not significantly different in the two groups, nor was lymphocyte zinc concentration. Zinc-treated patients showed significantly greater granulocyte responsiveness to zymosan-activated serum (21 +/- 1 vs. 14 +/- 2 mean), greater chemokinetic activity (50 +/- 4 vs. 27 +/- 3 mean) and higher granulocyte zinc concentration (114 +/- 6 vs. 47 +/- 2 micrograms/10(6) cells) than untreated patients. Granulocyte zinc correlated significantly with plasma zinc (r = 0.81, P less than 0.001) and with granulocyte motility (r = 0.63, P = 0.001). Moderate zinc deficiency in hemodialysis patients does not result in abnormal lymphocyte blast transformation in vitro, but it does result in granulocyte zinc depletion and impaired granulocyte motility. PMID- 7132053 TI - Quantitative bone histology in children with chronic renal failure. AB - Quantitative bone histology (on undecalcified sections following double tetracycline labeling), radiographs, and biochemistry were studied in 47 children, ages 1 to 17 years, with glomerular filtration rates (GFR) below 80 ml/min/1.73m2. The earliest histologic change was an increased osteoid surface accompanied by increased osteoblast and tetracycline surfaces. However, significant bone disease (increased osteoclastic surface, fibrosis, increased osteoid area, increased mineralization lag time, and reduced tetracycline uptake at osteoid surfaces) occurred only at GFR below 30 ml/min/1.73m2. Radiographs and alkaline phosphatase were normal in 25% of children with significant bone disease; parathyroid hormone was increased in 48% of children without bone disease. Thus, these noninvasive investigations were poor predictors of disease presence. GFR was the most sensitive indicator because bone disease occurred only at GFR below 30 ml/min/1.73m2 and was present in all children with GFR below 20 ml/min/1.73m2. It was concluded that bone histology is required for early detection of bone disease and is an essential tool in experimental studies of renal osteodystrophy. However, because the level of GFR will indicate the presence or absence of bone disease in most children, bone biopsy can be avoided generally in clinical practice. PMID- 7132054 TI - Metabolic balance studies and dietary protein requirements in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. AB - Balance studies for nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, and calcium were carried out in eight men undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) to determine dietary protein requirements and mineral balances. Patients were fed high energy diets for 14 to 33 days which provided either 0.98 (seven studies) or 1.44 g (six studies) of primarily high biological value protein/kg body wt/day. Mean nitrogen balance was neutral with the lower protein diet (+0.35 +/- 0.83 SEM g/day) and strongly positive with the higher protein diet (+2.94 +/- 0.54 g/day). With the higher protein diet the balances for potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus were strikingly positive, there was an increase in body weight in all patients, and a rise in mid-arm muscle circumference in five of the six patients. The relation between protein intake and nitrogen balance suggests that the daily protein requirement for clinically stable CAPD patients should be at least 1.1 g/kg/day; to account for variability among subjects 1.2 to 1.3 g protein/kg/day is probably preferable. Potassium balance correlated directly with nitrogen balance (r = 0.81). High fecal potassium losses (19 +/- 1.2 mEq/day) in all patients probably helped maintain normal serum potassium concentrations. Mean serum magnesium was increased (3.1 +/- 0.1 mg/dl), and magnesium balances were positive suggesting that the dialysate magnesium of 1.85 mg/dl is excessive. The net gain of calcium from dialysate was 84 +/- 18 mg/day; this correlated inversely with serum calcium levels (r = -0.90). PMID- 7132055 TI - Hemodynamic study of hypotension during hemodialysis. PMID- 7132056 TI - Sodium homeostasis: steady states without a set point. PMID- 7132057 TI - Surfeit, deficit, and the set point for sodium homeostasis. PMID- 7132058 TI - Glomerular charge and urinary protein excretion: effects of systemic and intrarenal polycation infusion in the rat. AB - To study the role of the fixed anionic sites of the glomerular capillary wall in protein filtration, the negative charges were neutralized in vivo. With systemic infusion of the polycation protamine sulfate, glomerular staining for polyanion was reduced and protein excretion increased by 154%. To avoid systemic side effects in subsequent studies, small doses of a polycation were infused directly into one renal artery. The contralateral kidney was infused with the vehicle solution. Albumin excretion from the experimental kidneys in the first 1-hr collection after infusing 0.5 mg protamine sulfate was 24.3 +/- 6.3 micrograms/min/kidney (N = 13; P less than 0.01). Albuminuria declined during the subsequent 3 hr with a second infusion inducing a second proteinuric response. The degree and longevity of the albuminuric response was correlated directly to the dose of protamine sulfate. The polycations hexadimethrine and poly-l-lysine also induced proteinuria. The increased protein excretion consisted of albumin; the excretion of nonalbumin protein was identical in the experimental and control kidneys. Hemodynamic factors did not explain the increase in proteinuria. Morphologically, the polycation-treated kidneys showed scanty foot process fusion and a decrease in free negative sites in the lamina rarae of the glomerular basement membrane. The results strongly support an important role for glomerular charge in preventing filtration of circulating plasma albumin. PMID- 7132059 TI - An analysis of glomerular dynamics in rat, dog, and man. AB - A network thermodynamic model was utilized to assess similarities and dissimilarities in the predicted response of human, rat, and dog glomeruli to change in the independent variables regulating glomerular filtration. The analysis in rat and dog employed basal values reported in the micropuncture literature. The analysis in man was based on a calculated total nephron vascular resistance (Rt) of 1.2 X 10(10) dyne sec cm-5 with a range of pre- (Ra) and postglomerular (Re) resistances and capillary hydraulic conductivities (Kf) that would provide a nephron blood flow (GBF) of approximately 550 nl/min and single nephron filtration rate (SNGFR) of approximately 65 nl/min. The maximal putative value for Ra/Re in man was approximately 1.1, a ratio demanding a Kf greater than 20 nl/min mm Hg to obtain the required SNGFR. Solitary changes in Ra and Re, glomerular capillary resistance, proximal tubule pressure, serum protein concentration, total vascular resistance, and Kf were induced and the resultant effect on SNGFR was examined in the three species. The relationship between changes in individual resistances, glomerular blood flow, glomerular filtration, and glomerular capillary pressure also was assessed. The patterns of response in man and dog, determined by the model, were remarkably similar and distinct from those of the rat in many regards. Except when the maximal possible Ra/Re ratio is assumed for man, filtration pressure equilibrium was not found; plasma flow dependence of SNGFR was not evident in rat, dog, or man. The differences in SNGFR control predicted for the rat, on the one hand, and dog and man on the other may have distinct physiologic significance. PMID- 7132060 TI - Polycystic kidney and liver disease in Springbok: I. Morphology of the lesions. AB - Spontaneous polycystic kidney and liver disease in an inbred herd of Springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis) was studied by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and microdissection. Springbok are a small species of gazelle of the family Bovidae native to South Africa. Since 1976, 18% of all live calves born have had nephromegaly and died within 2 weeks of birth. Examination of kidney and liver from ten calves which had died or were sacrifices since 1978 revealed bilateral, symmetrical nephromegaly due to moderate to marked focal dilatation of tubules predominately in the outer zone of the medulla. Microdissection of renal tissue from three affected calves indicated polycystic kidneys had cysts in all of the bends of Henle's loops, over half of the ascending limbs, and about one fourth of the collecting ducts. All of these calves had proliferation and cystic dilatation of bile ducts in most hepatic portal areas. The bile ducts were irregularly dilated and confluent with only a slight increase in periductular connective tissue. Ultrastructural studies revealed no consistent changes in the basement membranes of either the renal or hepatic cysts. This disease has several features similar to the autosomal recessive form of polycystic kidney disease in man and may prove a useful animal model. PMID- 7132061 TI - Absorption and disposition of furosemide in congestive heart failure. AB - Changes in response to furosemide and other diuretics in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) could occur because of disease-induced changes in absorption of the drug or changes in disposition which affect its access to its site of action. A difference was not found in the bioavailability of forosemide in patients with CHF compared to normal volunteers, 31 +/- 12 vs. 38 +/- 20% (mean +/- sd), respectively. Both groups showed considerable interindividual variability, though serial analyses within individuals revealed consistency. Amounts of furosemide delivered into the urine after an intravenous dose correlated significantly to that after an oral dose implying that the interindividual variability is not caused primarily by variability in absorption in either group. Overall, disposition kinetics of furosemide did not differ between groups. Because of heterogeneity of renal and cardiac function among the patients, we were able to demonstrate correlations of plasma and renal clearance of furosemide with renal function; in turn, renal function correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction. Consequently, some patients had changes in furosemide disposition, but, for the most part, differences in response to furosemide were caused by abnormal responses to, rather than changed handling of the diuretic. PMID- 7132062 TI - Nephrology forum. Mechanisms of urine concentration. PMID- 7132063 TI - [Early infantile autism (Kanner) I]. PMID- 7132065 TI - [Significance of congenital angiocardiopathies for infant mortality]. PMID- 7132064 TI - [Chemotherapy of purulent meningitis in childhood. II. Special pharmacokinetics of the most commonly used chemotherapeutics in purulent meningitis]. PMID- 7132066 TI - [Use of leukocytes for enzyme tests in the diagnosis of carbohydrate metabolism disorders]. PMID- 7132067 TI - [Significance of progesterone, testosterone and cortisol in the diagnosis of adrenogenital syndrome in children]. PMID- 7132068 TI - [Making a diagnosis. Side effects of metoclopramide]. PMID- 7132069 TI - [Early infantile autism (Kanner) II]. PMID- 7132070 TI - [Polyradiculoneuritis in childhood (Guillain-Barre syndrome]. PMID- 7132071 TI - [Myoclonic encephalopathy]. PMID- 7132072 TI - [Polygraphic EEG studies in newborn infants during intensive care. Short-time prognosis]. PMID- 7132073 TI - [Effectivity evaluation and optimization of phototherapy]. PMID- 7132074 TI - [Bilirubin in cerebrospinal fluid of the newborn infant. II. Influencing Factors influencing the bilirubin content of cerebrospinal fluid]. PMID- 7132075 TI - [Means of improving the organization of emergency care and surgical treatment of closed abdominal injuries]. PMID- 7132076 TI - [Autovenous shunting in microsurgery of the lymphatic vessels]. PMID- 7132077 TI - [Relation of the arteriovenous differential in lipid content to the level of blood alpha-cholesterol in arteriosclerosis with predominant lesions in the arteries of the pelvis and lower extremities]. PMID- 7132078 TI - [Deep lymphatic collector in postthrombotic venous insufficiency]. PMID- 7132079 TI - [Clinico-morphogenetic aspects of gangrene of the lower extremities in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7132080 TI - [Characteristics of thermoregulation of the body during surgery on the vessels of the lower extremities under peridural anesthesia]. PMID- 7132081 TI - [Surgical aspects and vascular complications of intra-aortic counterpulsation]. PMID- 7132082 TI - [Comparative analysis of the angiographic determination of left ventricular heart volume]. PMID- 7132083 TI - [Experimental study of the polymer component with antimicrobial properties in the composition of heart valve prostheses]. PMID- 7132084 TI - [Role of Doppler echocardiography in the diagnosis of an interventricular septal defect]. PMID- 7132085 TI - [Surgical treatment of contractures of the 1st digit of the hand by plastic repair with a free skin-fat flap from the foot on microvascular anastomoses]. PMID- 7132086 TI - [Optimization of the surgical technic and venous shunting methods in arterial occlusions of the femoral-popliteal-tibial segment]. PMID- 7132087 TI - [Diagnosis of disorders of lymph outflow in lymphostasis of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7132088 TI - [Choice of the management procedure at the surgical treatment stage in diabetes mellitus with arteriosclerotic occlusions of the major arteries]. PMID- 7132089 TI - [Surgical treatment of thrombo-obliterative diseases of the arteries of the extremities]. PMID- 7132091 TI - [Surgical treatment of arteriosclerotic occlusions of the terminal portion of the aorta and arteries of the lower extremities in the middle-aged and elderly]. PMID- 7132090 TI - [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of arteriovenous angiodysplasias of the peripheral vessels]. PMID- 7132092 TI - [Subcutaneous radial vein as an arterial replacement]. PMID- 7132093 TI - [New method for the surgical prevention of pulmonary artery embolism: application of an absorbable clip to the inferior vena cava]. PMID- 7132094 TI - [Diagnosis of the initial stages of obliterative diseases of the extremities]. PMID- 7132095 TI - [Occupational profile of endarteritis obliterans patients]. PMID- 7132096 TI - [Characteristics of blood-flow changes in major vessels and muscles in obliterating lesions of the vessels of the leg in diabetics]. PMID- 7132097 TI - [Profundoplasty of the single extremity in aortofemoral occlusions]. PMID- 7132098 TI - [Reconstructive operations in occlusive lesions of the major arteries of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7132099 TI - [Use of xenoperitoneal prostheses in arterial prostesis]. PMID- 7132100 TI - [Hyperbaric oxygenation in the combined treatment of endarteritis obliterans]. PMID- 7132101 TI - [Method of treating the "inclusion syndrome" in severe ischemia of the extremities]. PMID- 7132102 TI - [Changes in the complex compounds of heparin with thrombogenic proteins in Leriche's syndrome in the dynamics of surgical intervention on the major vessels]. PMID- 7132103 TI - [Rheography of the abdominal aorta and its branches in acute experimental obstruction of both iliac arteries]. PMID- 7132104 TI - [Central hemodynamics in acute embologenic arterial obstruction]. PMID- 7132105 TI - [Peripheral artery lesion in Marfan's syndrome]. PMID- 7132107 TI - [Atypical vascular injuries and their possible sequelae]. PMID- 7132106 TI - [Circulating immune complexes and the complement system in thromboembolism of the major arteries of the legs]. PMID- 7132108 TI - [Role of the heredity factor in the development of primary varicose veins of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7132109 TI - [Clinico-diagnostic aspects of the development of postthrombotic disease against a background of varicose veins]. PMID- 7132110 TI - [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of recurrences of varicose veins]. PMID- 7132111 TI - [Supplementary diagnostic methods in venous diseases of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7132112 TI - [Choice of anesthesia methods in the surgical treatment of venous diseases of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7132113 TI - [Prosthesis of the inferior vena cava in wounds]. PMID- 7132114 TI - [Peacetime wounds of the heart]. PMID- 7132115 TI - [Fistulae between the coronary arteries and the right chambers of the heart]. PMID- 7132116 TI - [Assessment of the late results of mitral commissurotomy based on results of biochemical study]. PMID- 7132117 TI - [New approach in reconstructing the popliteal and tibial vessels]. PMID- 7132118 TI - [New methods of restoring the venous blood flow in a wound to the proximal section of the femoral vein]. PMID- 7132119 TI - [Reconstructive plastic repair of the small intestine in the surgical treatment of dumping syndrome]. PMID- 7132120 TI - [Functional characteristics of the intestines after a resection with preservation of the pylorus in gastric peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7132121 TI - [Lung reactions and complications after gastric resection and vagotomy for gastric and duodenal peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7132122 TI - [Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on the postoperative course of gastric and duodenal peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7132123 TI - [Secretory function of the operated stomach]. PMID- 7132124 TI - [Autonomic regulation in gastric and duodenal peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7132125 TI - [Microflora of the upper sections of the digestive system in peptic ulcer following various types of vagotomy]. PMID- 7132126 TI - [Causes of recurrent peptic ulcers of the anastomosis and jejunum and the surgeon's procedure]. PMID- 7132128 TI - [Incidence of acute gastroduodenal erosions and ulcers after surgical interventions on the blood vessels]. PMID- 7132127 TI - [Anesthesiological support for emergency and planned operations in complicated gastric and duodenal peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7132129 TI - [Evacuatory function of the resected stomach (an experimental study)]. PMID- 7132130 TI - [Prognostic indications for surgery in peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7132131 TI - [Results of a comparative study of lavsan, catgut, chromic catgut and oxcelon suture materials in experimental and clinical operations on the digestive organs]. PMID- 7132132 TI - [Selective proximal vagotomy in treating duodenal peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7132134 TI - [Surgical treatment of complicated duodenal and pyloroduodenal ulcers]. PMID- 7132133 TI - [Vagotomy in the surgical treatment of pyloroduodenal ulcers]. PMID- 7132135 TI - [Choice of the method of surgery in peptic ulcers of the anastomosis and the recurrence of gastroduodenal ulcers]. PMID- 7132136 TI - [Experimental and clinical data on using a segment of the greater curvature of the stomach in plastic surgery]. PMID- 7132137 TI - [Errors in the diagnosis and treatment of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]. PMID- 7132139 TI - [Surgical treatment of gastroduodenal ulcers]. PMID- 7132140 TI - [Surgical treatment of extrabulbar duodenal ulcers]. PMID- 7132138 TI - [Comparative evaluation of selective proximal vagotomy (SPV) and gastric resection in the surgical treatment of peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7132141 TI - [Surgical treatment of "difficult" duodenal ulcers]. PMID- 7132142 TI - [Surgical procedure in large and giant stomach ulcers]. PMID- 7132143 TI - [Organ-preserving operations in treating peptic ulcers following gastroenterostomy]. PMID- 7132144 TI - [Effect of anesthesia and the surgical intervention on the membrane digestion of the small intestine in duodenal peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7132145 TI - [Advantages of vagotomy over gastric reresection in the surgical treatment of peptic ulcer of the anastomosis and jejunum]. PMID- 7132146 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of the disturbances of evacuation from the gastric stump in the early postoperative period]. PMID- 7132147 TI - [Glucocorticoid function of the adrenal cortex in gastric and duodenal peptic ulcer before and after surgical treatment]. PMID- 7132148 TI - [Effect of a long-term course of peptic ulcer on liver function and morphology]. PMID- 7132149 TI - [Model of functional intestinal obstruction]. PMID- 7132151 TI - [Intraoperative endoscopic pH measurement]. PMID- 7132150 TI - [Prolonged maximal histamine test for intraoperative pH determination]. PMID- 7132152 TI - [Device for positioning fibroscopes for disinfection]. PMID- 7132153 TI - [Current problems in herniology]. PMID- 7132154 TI - [Clinical classification of peritonitis]. PMID- 7132155 TI - [Treatment of suppurative wounds with a pulsating stream of antiseptics]. PMID- 7132156 TI - [Treatment of trophic ulcers and delayed wound healing with lasers]. PMID- 7132157 TI - [Acute intestinal obstruction in advanced middle aged and elderly patients]. PMID- 7132158 TI - [Problem of infection in acute surgical diseases of the internal organs]. PMID- 7132159 TI - [Ways of reducing mortality following the surgical treatment of peptic ulcer in advanced middle aged and elderly patients]. PMID- 7132160 TI - [Age and changes in circulating blood volume in peritonitis]. PMID- 7132161 TI - [Activity of the trypsin-trypsin inhibitor system in acute surgical diseases of the abdominal organs]. PMID- 7132162 TI - [Closed splenic injuries]. PMID- 7132163 TI - [Features of tetanus in tropical countries]. PMID- 7132164 TI - [Water metabolism after surgery of thyrotoxicosis]. PMID- 7132165 TI - [Preoperative preparation of patients with severe thyrotoxicosis]. PMID- 7132166 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of solitary growths of the thyroid]. PMID- 7132167 TI - [Treatment of nodular goiter]. PMID- 7132168 TI - [Treatment of surgical diseases in diabetes mellitus patients]. PMID- 7132170 TI - [Errors and risks in surgery of acute cholecystitis]. PMID- 7132171 TI - [Treatment of infiltrates and abscesses of the abdominal cavity]. PMID- 7132169 TI - [Intensive therapy of acute blood loss]. PMID- 7132173 TI - [Heart valve bioprostheses with reduced immunogenic properties]. PMID- 7132172 TI - [Treatment of anaerobic non-clostridial infection]. PMID- 7132174 TI - [Treatment of external pancreatic fistulas by a filling technic]. PMID- 7132175 TI - [Retrograde intubation of the small intestine in the treatment of functional intestinal obstruction in children]. PMID- 7132176 TI - [Topography of early glaucomatous visual field defects in computerized perimetry]. AB - A total of 301 visual fields of 215 glaucoma patients exhibiting early glaucomatous field loss up to Stage II according to Aulhorn were investigated to determine the frequency distribution of absolute and relative defects at the 73 test points of Program 31 of the Octopus computer perimeter. The following results were obtained: (1) The frequency of absolute and relative defects was higher in the upper half of the visual field; (2) The frequency of both absolute and relative defects increased from 6 to 30 degrees eccentricity in the upper visual field, predominantly in the upper nasal quadrant, whereas in the temporal lower quadrant there were less absolute defects but equally frequent relative defects; (3) Defects in the nasal quadrant and above the horizontal meridian are most frequent (between 18 and 30 degrees absolute, between 12 and 30 degrees relative), while temporally of the blind spot and below the horizontal meridian they are quite rare; (4) In the upper half of the field, defects are closer to the fixation point and blind spot; the area between blind spot and macula largely free of defects. --In 71 eyes of 69 patients a similar frequency distribution was found with the Competer computer perimeter (test field 15-20 degrees eccentricity) giving good correlation with the Octopus results. --In 301 eyes of 215 patients with early glaucomatous defects the four test points in the region of the blind spot were evaluated and compared with the results of 121 eyes of 71 patients with ocular hypertension and no field changes. It appears highly probable that an increase in the size of the blind spot is associated with the incidence of field defects. --The distribution of early glaucomatous field defects in 214 eyes revealed a combination of paracentral scotomata with peripheral defects in 75.2%, exclusively peripheral scotomata in 19.6% and exclusively paracentral scotomata in 5.1%. The significance of the results with regard to the pathophysiology of glaucomatous visual field loss is discussed. PMID- 7132177 TI - [Osteoma of the choroid]. PMID- 7132178 TI - [Cogan-Reese syndrome]. AB - The clinical, histological and ultrastructural findings in a case of Cogan-Reese syndrome (iris nevus) are presented. The typical iris nodules first appeared 14 years after a unilateral, juvenile, open-angle glaucoma was diagnosed. No lasting regulation of the intermittently elevated pressure was possible either medically or surgically. The failure of two filtering operations was due to the histologically verified endothelialization of the blebs. Endothelialization and deposition of Descemet's membrane on the anterior surface of the lens and on the zonule is described for the first time in this syndrome. The histological findings support the view that the peripheral anterior synechiae and iris nodules are secondary to the endothelialization. Hence the diagnosis of Cogan-Reese syndrome cannot be made until relatively late in the course of this disease. Cytological similarities between the proliferating endothelium in this case and in Chandler syndrome support the recent hypothesis that the Cogan-Reese syndrome belongs to the irido-corneal-endothelial group of syndromes. PMID- 7132179 TI - [Psychogenic visual disturbances in children and adults. Ophthalmological, neurological and psychodynamic findings]. AB - In large series of ophthalmic patients there may occasionally be some in whom the reduction of visual acuity cannot be explained by organic findings. In such patients simulation is suspected. However, simulation is not the only cause of decreased visual acuity and a lack of organic pathologic findings. It is obvious that all efforts must be made to exclude organic changes as the cause of decreased visual acuity. With modern diagnostic modalities this is possible to a large extent. If there are no organic pathologic findings, a psychiatric exploration is indicated. In the eight patients presented in this paper the reduction of visual acuity was the expression of a psychologic conflict situation. The cases are described in detail and the difference between simulation and a psychogenic decrease of visual acuity is pointed out. PMID- 7132180 TI - [Perimetric and visumetric methods for measuring individually tolerated intraocular pressure in glaucoma]. AB - These techniques are used in far-advanced cases of glaucoma when the campimetric method is not practicable due to a considerable loss of visual field. The patient takes a mixture of glycerol and ascorbic acid as a hypotensive agent, his visual field or visual acuity and intraocular pressure are checked every 30 minutes. The intraocular pressure determined together with the maximum field size or with the best visual acuity is considered the individually tolerated value. The average was 21.9 mmHg. The aim in treating glaucoma should be to maintain an intraocular pressure not exceeding the tolerated value; if this cannot be achieved with drug therapy surgery is indicated. PMID- 7132181 TI - [Dominant infantile macular degeneration]. AB - In view of its dominant mode of inheritance this condition is to be distinguished from Stargardt Macular degeneration, which - as is known - is transmitted autosomal-recessively. In the fluorescein angiogram a central degenerated area can be seen, whereas the peripheral areas of the fundus are not involved. For this reason dominant infantile degeneration of the macula is a separate condition and should be included in the differential diagnosis of macular degenerations. PMID- 7132182 TI - [Corneal sensitivity in diabetes mellitus]. AB - We measured corneal sensitivity in 30 eyes of juvenile and 70 eyes of maturity onset diabetics by means of the esthesiometer developed by Draeger. We found a significant decrease in corneal sensitivity in both juvenile and maturity-onset diabetics with a positive correlation between the decrease of corneal sensitivity and duration of symptoms in juvenile diabetics. In addition, the decrease in corneal sensitivity was more marked in diabetics with insufficient blood sugar control. Only 43% of diabetics with fundal changes had a concomitant decrease in corneal sensitivity. Diabetic retinopathy therefore seems to precede a polyneuropathy demonstrable by measurements of corneal sensitivity. PMID- 7132183 TI - [Amaurosis with ophthalmoplegia: two unusual cases]. PMID- 7132184 TI - [A case of primary chancre of the eyelid]. PMID- 7132185 TI - [Anthrax of the eyelids]. PMID- 7132186 TI - [Treatment of corneal injuries and eye disease with actihaemyl]. AB - A report on the results of local application of Actihaemyl eye gel in the treatment of corneal diseases caused by exogenous, neurogenic and exogenous endogenous factors. Overall, the regenerative effect on the corneal epithelia and parenchyma was convincing in epithelial defects, traumatically induced lesions, acid burns, photoelectric keratitis, ulcers with loss of substance (in this case in combination with antibiotics), dystrophic processes and in postoperative treatment following corneal transplants and cataract operations. PMID- 7132187 TI - [A new indirect binocular spectacle ophthalmoscope]. AB - A new indirect spectacle ophthalmoscope is described. Its main features are a fixed interpupillary distance (59, 62, 65, 68 mm.), a variable viewing beam stereoangle, a precentered halogen lighting beam with Maxwellian view and an iris diaphragm to limit the viewing area, which has never been a feature of a binocular ophthalmoscope before. These features, on a lightweight spectacle frame, make indirect binocular ophthalmoscopy an easy-to-master method even for examining patients with small pupils and hazy media. PMID- 7132188 TI - [Induced ocular hypertension: experimental investigations on rabbit eyes]. AB - The distribution of fluorescein introduced into the vitreous or respectively the anterior chamber with and without induced ocular hypertension was investigated. In frozen sections it can be seen clearly that with induced hypertension fluid is forced out of the vitreous into the anterior chamber. An important point is that there was no direct discharge of fluorescein into the choroid. PMID- 7132189 TI - [Multiple recurrent occlusions of the retinal and cerebral arteries in a 20-year old woman]. AB - A 20-year-old woman experienced recurrent and sometimes multiple retinal and cerebral arterial occlusions over a period of 2 1/2 years. Coagulation studies revealed only minor abnormalities such as raised beta-thromboglobulin and an increased euglobulin lysis time which, together with a history of migraine, may have been of etiological significance. The nature of this condition remains obscure and, no satisfactory treatment has been found so far. PMID- 7132190 TI - [Acute multifocal placoid posterior pigment epitheliopathy]. PMID- 7132191 TI - [Electronystagmographic evaluation of surgical results in nystagmus treatment]. AB - In the management of congenital, ocular nystagmus as well surgical procedures (according Kestenbaum, Anderson and similar modifications) with the purpose of shifting nystagmus "neutral zone" in the primary position of gaze, as nonsurgical treatment with prisms, show favourable effect on head position, nystagmus intensity and visual acuity. In this preliminary report the authors tried to evaluate, by means of electronystagmography, their clinical experiences in some treated nystagmus cases, objectively. The electronystagmographic findings of nystagmus amplitude, frequency and intensity, depending on position of gaze, were before and after surgery, respectively treatment analysed. PMID- 7132192 TI - [Symptomatology of a primary intraorbital meningioma of the optic nerve]. AB - Report on an 18-year-old man with a histologically confirmed intraorbital meningioma (transitional type) of the right optic nerve. The symptoms were slowly progressive loss of vision with central scotoma and pallor of the disk, without proptosis or disturbance of eye motility. Computer tomography performed preoperatively did not permit the differential diagnosis of glioma. PMID- 7132193 TI - [Post-traumatic recurrent corneal erosion and cryotherapy]. PMID- 7132194 TI - [Aniridia caused by contusion-related rupture of a bleb following Elliot's trepanation]. AB - This case report deals with a 68-year-old man in whom a contusion resulted in a complete loss of the iris through an Elliot fistula. The abrupt increase in intraocular pressure caused the iris to be extruded through the fistula and the ruptured conjunctiva. A functional drainage bleb was reconstructed by pulling and suturing subconjunctival tissue underneath the ruptured conjunctiva. PMID- 7132195 TI - [Prevention of retinal detachment in Vorarlberg]. AB - Since the eye department in Feldkirch is the only surgical eye department in Vorarlberg, it is possible to survey all patients from within a geographically defined area and draw conclusions from the morbidity of certain retinal degenerations concerning the percentage distribution in the population as a whole. In this paper, peripheral retinal degenerations are analyzed with regard to frequency of occurrence, symptoms, age and sex distribution as well as localization on the fundus. The prophylactically treated eyes are compared with all cases of ablatio retinae which occurred during the same period. The need for treatment of peripheral retinal degenerations and the efficacy of such treatment are discussed. PMID- 7132196 TI - [Phacoemulsification in infants]. AB - In the light of findings associated with "deprivation amblyopia" early surgery for total congenital cataract appears desirable, if possible in the first months of life. Surgery was performed on a total of seven eyes of infants - with phacoemulsification via the pars plana - before the patients were six months old. The special features of the surgical method employed and the experience gained in using it are discussed. PMID- 7132197 TI - [Assessment of eye damage for private accident insurance]. AB - Together with a team from the HUK association (an association of liability, accident, transport and legal protection insurance-companies) the authors discussed a new assessment table for diminution of vision and have recommended its use by private accident insurance companies. The table was worked out on the basis of guidelines issued by the Deutsche Ophthalmologische Gesellschaft in 1981. In cases of bilateral eye damage the total extent of the disability - based on the specific diminution of usability of each eye - should be calculated according to the conditions of the insurance companies and not by a medical expert. Further proposals for the assessment of visual field defects and other kinds of eye damage covered by private accident insurance were also brought into line with the recommendations issued by the Deutsche Ophthalmologische Gesellschaft in 1981. PMID- 7132198 TI - [Lapses of style in ophthalmological literature]. PMID- 7132199 TI - [Hereditary drusen of Bruch's membrane. II: Studies of semi-thin sections and electron microscopy results]. AB - Examination of a bulbus from a patient with hereditary drusen of Bruch's membrane revealed gradual development of drusen from fingerlike and fungous projections of the basal membrane of the retinal pigment epithelium culminating in large deposits with a conspicuous radial and laminar arrangement. The granular material which formed the drusen contained cellular debris as well as fragments of the fibrous long-spacing collagen. Cells of the pigment epithelium proliferated as metaplastic glial cells with formation of a new stratum separating the layer of cones and rods from Bruch's membrane. Transmembranous fibrovascular proliferation from the choroid into the periretinal space was not encountered and does not seem to play a decisive role in the pathogenesis of the disease. PMID- 7132200 TI - [Assessment of lesions in various sections of the visual pathway]. AB - The suitability of ultrasonography, computer tomography and Octopus perimetry is illustrated with reference to an investigation carried out in 60 patients. First, the characteristic symptoms are described, depending on the localization of the lesion in the visual pathway. Then the advantages and disadvantages of the various examination methods are compared. In the orbita, echography is the most accurate method in the anterior segments, while the balance shifts increasingly in favor of CT toward the retrobulbar region. As far as intracranial tumors are concerned, there is good correlation between CT and VF findings in the case of sellar processes and pathologic changes of the midline and occipital lobe. In the frontotemporal region, on the other hand, VF defects are found in only one-half of the cases, while in the case of vascular lesions there is no apparent correlation between perimetry findings and the size of the lesion demonstrated on the computer tomogram. The importance of the Octopus for early recognition of such lesions is discussed. PMID- 7132201 TI - [Limbal opening of the conjunctiva in cataract and detachment surgery]. PMID- 7132202 TI - [The problem of axial arrangement of visual receptors]. PMID- 7132203 TI - [Selection of a simulating test for evaluation of the perception of extremely small objects]. PMID- 7132204 TI - [Visual efficiency and rate of fatigue development in female workers assembling ferromagnetic memory elements]. PMID- 7132205 TI - [Determination of serum levels of certain lipids in patients with primary glaucoma]. PMID- 7132206 TI - [Timoptic in the treatment of glaucoma]. PMID- 7132207 TI - [Results of trabeculectomy in the treatment of glaucoma complicating progressive primary iridal atrophy]. PMID- 7132208 TI - [Tests reflecting the state of binocular vision in the evaluation of cure of convergent alternating squint. I. Evaluation of simultaneous perception]. PMID- 7132209 TI - [Evaluation of retinal correspondence of the squinting eye and leading eye in cases of convergent squint treated by the localization method]. PMID- 7132210 TI - [Evaluation of refraction errors by means of refractometry, He-Ne laser and skiascopy]. PMID- 7132211 TI - [Refraction studies in preschool children]. PMID- 7132213 TI - [Studies of the relative spectral sensitivity of the eye]. PMID- 7132212 TI - [Visual system in children with infantile cerebral palsy]. PMID- 7132214 TI - [Optometry with the use of diminution of the retinal image by distancing the test to the examined subject]. PMID- 7132215 TI - Comments on morphologic renal damage correlated with vesico-ureteral reflux. PMID- 7132216 TI - The development of segmental scarring in previously normal kidneys seen in three children with vesicoureteric reflux. PMID- 7132217 TI - Renal growth and operative correction of severe vesicoureteral reflux in children. AB - We report about 32 operated children with 40 complicated refluxes. 10 of the operated children suffered from double kidneys with double ureters. We examined these children before and 3 years after the operation. The data were registrated according to the recommendations of Jacobsson, Claesson, Olsson and Ringertz. We operated on 22 children because of 30 complicated refluxes, 20 out of the 30 measured kidneys showed normal data before the operation, 8 of these 20 kidneys developed normally after the operation, 12 times this was not the case. However, all of these unsatisfactory or worsened data were within the standard deviation. In this group pathological values were not found. Among 10 out of 30 renal units which were out of the standard deviation, when measured before the operation, 3 kidneys improved and showed data within standard deviation after the operation. 7 kidneys continued to have pathological data, all out of the standard deviation. 2 of these 7 afflicted kidneys showed even worse values after the operation in comparison to the preoperative pathological values. PMID- 7132219 TI - [Intrarenal reflux in dogs]. PMID- 7132218 TI - [Treatment and prognosis of segmental renal hypoplasia]. AB - Among 140 children with vesicorenal reflux 14 patients were found to be suffering from renal insufficiency. Seven of these patients had histologically proven bilateral segmental renal hypoplasia. Thanks to early commencement and sustainment of antihypertensive therapy, the prognosis of the condition was decisively improved. It does not appear to be worse than in other forms of reflux nephropathy at the renal insufficiency stage. Clinical courses in which there is no deterioration in renal function for more than 10 years are not uncommon. It is also possible to perform an anti-reflux plasty at the renal insufficiency stage. It is thus possible to permanently eliminate feverish infections of the urinary tract. PMID- 7132220 TI - Hypertension, a frequent complication in children and adolescents with reflux nephropathy. PMID- 7132221 TI - Intrarenal reflux--clinical and preliminary experimental findings. PMID- 7132222 TI - Differentiated diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 7132224 TI - Childhood cancer studies in West Germany: the first 10 years. PMID- 7132223 TI - [Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Variability of a morphologically definable disease]. AB - The term of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) has emerged from the morphologic evaluation of renal biopsies. The clinical picture associated with this pattern varies between apparent acute glomerulonephritis (GN), the steroid resistent nephrotic syndrome, a combination of both, or asymptomatic protein uria and microscopic hematuria--with or without persistent depression of serum complement (C3). The histological picture is subdivided into the classical, lobular, crescentic or focal pattern. According to fine structural differences in the basement membrane changes 3 types can be recognized. An attempt is made to summarize the present understanding of this MPGN complex in its clinical, serological and morphological variability. The condition is compared to the proliferative form of lupus nephritos. A case of focal type I MPGN is presented with documentation of three serial biopsies. The Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Padiatrische Nephrologie is conducting a cooperative MPGN study so far including 54 children and adolescents. PMID- 7132225 TI - [Chemotherapy of different intensity and reduced radiotherapy of Hodgkin's disease in childhood--a report on 170 patients of the cooperative study HD 78]. PMID- 7132226 TI - [Significance of clinical and intraoperative findings for the prediction of splenic involvement in children with Hodgkin's disease: a retrospective analysis of 154 patients in the therapy study HD 78]. PMID- 7132228 TI - [DNA-ploidy and proliferation in metastatic neuroblastoma]. AB - Nuclear DNA contents of tumor cells were measures by fluorescence cytophotometry in bone marrow and touch preparations of 26 children with neuroblastoma, registered in the NBL79 study of the German Pediatric Oncology society. In all cases tumor cells were found to have a higher DNA-content as compared to the normal diploid (2c) DNA-value of granulocytes in the same preparation. Average ploidy values of the histograms of bone marrow metastases were in the tetra- to hypertetraploid (4c-5c) range and showed unimodal distribution in the majority of cases. In the primary tumors there was also a wide distribution of DNA-values in the aneuploid range. A bimodal distribution with stemlines at 2,5c and 5c was found in a stage I, grade I, differentiated primary tumor. Various ploidy patterns found at different sites in the large tumor mass of a newborn might be interpreted as an expression of different degrees of differentiation within the same tumor. In 2 of 4 patients where primary tumor and metastatic lesions could be examined there was a higher ploidy in the 5c to 6c, or even in the 8c range in the metastatic cell population. It appears, thus, that clonal evolution of tumor cells occurs during growth and spread of neuroblastoma. PMID- 7132227 TI - [Medulloblastoma study of the German Society for Pediatric Oncology, a first report]. AB - The principle of giving intensive polychemotherapy in the time between operation and irradiation was applied in a cooperative phase-2-study in children with medulloblastoma of the posterior fossa. A first evaluation of 33 of 47 registered patients was attempted after the study existing now for 1 year and 10 months. In the majority of patients the chemotherapy protocol could be fully realized without any deductions. Side effects including two therapy related fatalities were analysed. In all patients irradiation was not delayed and could be started about 11 weeks after operation and could be carried through without any major draw-backs. Analysis of survival can only be preliminary due to the short duration of the study, but patients' survival is compatible with other reported studies. The therapeutic principle presented here shall be compared in a randomized and extended fashion with a conventional therapeutic approach. PMID- 7132230 TI - [Morphologic-clinical correlation in different forms of diabetic glomerulosclerosis]. AB - One hundred and eleven cases of diabetic glomerulosclerosis (biopsies n=106, autopsies n=5) are divided into three groups: Diffuse diabetic glomerulosclerosis (n=74), mixed diffuse-nodular glomerulosclerosis (n=14) and nodular diabetic glomerulosclerosis (n=23). The clinical parameters, data concerning duration of diabetes and of renal disease, as well as types of therapy, were correlated with the different morphologic groups. The following results could be observed: nodular glomerulosclerosis very frequently occurs in women, often accompanied by a diabetes-manifestation beyond the fourth decade of life. This correlated with the longest duration of diabetes and frequently showed a greatly increased serum creatinine level. Proteinuria of about 90% is the most frequent and first symptom of diabetic glomerulosclerosis. Therapy with insulin apparently shows an advantageous influence on proteinuria. In summary, however, the variability of clinical symptoms and signs should be emphasised, preventing in some cases a diagnosis being made on clinical findings alone. PMID- 7132229 TI - [Fat and renal failure--therapeutic aspects]. AB - There is current debate as to whether or not the hyperlipidaemia seen in patients (1) with chronic renal insufficiency, (2) on regular dialysis treatment and (3) after successful renal transplantation should be specifically treated. The reduced HDL cholesterol fraction suggests that the risk of cardiovascular complications may be increased. Therapeutic possibilities include increased physical exercise and a reduction of carbohydrate intake. If these measures fail, then treatment with clofibrate or bezafibrate should be considered. The recommended dosage of clofibrate is 1.0-1.5 g/week (with CPK-control), and of bezafibrate is 400-500 mg/week in patients with chronic renal insufficiency (creatinin-clearance below 20 ml/min). In patients on regular dialysis treatment plasma lipids are reduced by adding carnitine. Most investigators believe that a specific therapy of the hypercholesterolaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia of patients with nephrotic syndrome is not necessary since the disturbances in fat metabolism are associated with an increased levels of HDL-cholesterol. With remission of the nephrotic syndrome an improvement of the hyperlipoproteinaemia is observed. If patients with acute renal failure are under parenteral nutrition fat infusion is recommended once per week to avoid a deficiency of essential fatty acids which is augmented by daily dialysis therapy. PMID- 7132232 TI - Protein synthesis in the blood lymphocytes of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and its relationship to prognosis. AB - Protein synthesis primed by endogenous messenger RNA (mRNA) as well as polyuridylic acid-[poly (U)] directed polyphenylalanine synthesis was measured in extracts of blood lymphocytes from a series of 50 chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients and compared with the prognostic stage. Patients were clinically classified according to the new international workshop classification [4]. There were 23 patients at stage A, 14 at stage B and 13 at stage C. Extracts from patients of the high risk group (stage C), defined by anemia and/or thrombocytopenia, exhibited a significantly higher poly (U)-translation activity than extracts from low and intermediate risk patients-stages A and B--(P less than 0.01). This finding has a sensitivity of 62% but a specificity of 100%. During follow-up, an increase of poly (U)-translation and endogenous protein synthesis was observed after changing from stages A or B to stage C. Activity of protein synthesis could neither be correlated with proliferation activity, as measured by lymphocyte doubling time, nor with the expression of immunologic surface markers, nor with serum immunoglobulin (Ig) levels. PMID- 7132234 TI - Accidental overfluoridation. PMID- 7132231 TI - Acute renal failure--an integrative discussion of morphologic and functional findings. AB - The ultrastructural alterations at the nephron established in animal experiments, were also confirmed, by means of an electron-microscopic examination, in eight cases of human acute renal failure (ARF). Special consideration was given in this study to single cell alterations, particularly in proximal tubular cells, with emphasis being placed on alterations due to single cell damage in the region of the renal fluid compartments. The ultrastructural alterations of the tubular cells in ARF, suggest serious impairment of the cellular capacity for electrolyte transport and metabolic processes. The shunt paths between the tubular fluid compartment and the functional interstitium, arising from necrosis of the tubular cells or dissolution of the gap or tight junctions, were discussed in terms of their significance for the directional, active transport processes of the tubular cells for sodium chloride and the passive water flow. The morphologic findings were reviewed in light of recent findings on cellular membrane processes and electrolyte transport. A reinterpretation of the morphologic and functional findings in ARF is suggested. This takes into consideration single cell function and the integrity of the renal fluid compartments. PMID- 7132233 TI - Circulatory changes during mental stress in tetraplegic and paraplegic man. AB - In ten patients suffering from complete chronic cervical spinal cord lesion, the effect of mental stress was studied. Before, during and after stress, variations of blood pressure, heart rate and plasma catecholamines were tested. The study showed a loss of hemodynamic reactions under mental stress in tetraplegics, namely the pressure response, the typical increase in heart rate and in plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline. It is concluded, that changes in sympathectomized man interfere with the acute hemodynamic stress reaction and impair the blood pressure homeostasis. PMID- 7132235 TI - Adrenergic mechanisms and blood pressure regulation in diabetes mellitus. AB - Changes in blood pressure (BP) and plasma norepinephrine (NE) following various stimuli of the sympathetic, nervous system were studied in six healthy subjects and in 17 diabetic patients. The latter were subdivided in three groups: (1) six patients with neither peripheral neuropathy nor autonomic dysregulation, (2) six patients with severe peripheral neuropathy without autonomic dysregulation, and (3) five patients with autonomic dysregulation, three of whom suffered also from peripheral neuropathy. The following procedures were performed: (1) cold pressor test (2 min), (2) mechanical irritation of the skin by suction (0.75 kg/cm2, 10 min), (3) orthostasis (10 min), and (4) i.v. infusion of NE (50, 100, 200 ng kg-1 min-1 for 15 min each). Both the stimulated endogenous plasma NE levels and BP response to exogenous NE were the same in normal subjects, in diabetic controls and in diabetics with peripheral neuropathy without autonomic dysregulation. In contrast, diabetics with postural hypotension showed a less pronounced release of NE to standing (P less than 0.05), but not to cold pressor test and mechanical skin irritation. Furthermore, they showed increased vasoreactivity to the highest dose (P less than 0.05), but not to the lower doses of exogenous NE. Thus NE release and adrenergic BP regulation seem to be altered only in diabetics with clinical signs of autonomic dysregulation. These alterations can only be evaluated when patients are exposed to stimuli of higher intensity, such as orthostasis or infusion of a high NE dose. PMID- 7132236 TI - Studies on erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase in essential hypertension. AB - There is accumulating evidence that acetylcholinesterase (AChE might be involved in the transport of sodium across biological membranes. Consequently, because in primary hypertension abnormalities in the transport of sodium by red blood cells have been documented. AChE activities were measured in hemoglobin-free red-blood cell membranes of patients with essential hypertension. In the absence of any effectors, the Michaelis constant of AChE for acetylcholine (Km) was 1.57 . 10( 5) mol/l, both in normotensives and in hypertensives. Sodium inhibited AChE at low substrate concentrations, whereas the enzyme was activated by sodium at moderate and high substrate levels. With increasing sodium, the substrate optimum was displaced toward higher substrate concentration. On the other hand, an inhibition of AChE by excess substrate could be demonstrated. Erythrocyte AChE activity of male patients with essential hypertension was no different from that of the normotensive controls. Therefore, abnormalities in electrolyte transport mechanisms reported in essential hypertension might be independent of AChE activity. PMID- 7132237 TI - Intracellular sodium and calcium in essential hypertension. AB - Intracellular sodium and calcium activities were measured by ion-selective electrodes in red blood cells of primary hypertensives and of normotensives with and without a familial disposition to hypertension. Intraerythrocytic sodium activity was markedly elevated in patients and normotensives with a familial disposition to hypertension (15.16 +/- 2.35 mmol/l in hypertensives and 9.74 +/- 1.43 mmol/l in normotensives, respectively, mean value +/- SD) as compared to the corresponding group without such a history (8.35 +/- 2.08 mmol/l in hypertensives and 7.00 +/- 1.38 mmol/l in normotensives). Mean intraerythrocytic calcium activity showed the highest values in patients with hypertension (32.8 +/- 32.5 mumol/l in patients with and 25.3 +/- 19.0 mumol/l in those without a familial disposition to hypertension), whereas in normotensives mean calcium activity was much lower (9.6 +/- 9.7 and 4.8 +/- 4.5 mumol/l, respectively). Our results document that a disturbed intraerythrocytic sodium metabolism is limited to patients with essential hypertension and a familial disposition to hypertension and, to a lesser extent, to normotensives showing a familial disposition to hypertension. Thus, a genetically determined alteration in intracellular sodium can be assumed. Furthermore, the observation of an enhanced intraerythrocytic calcium in some essential hypertensives with and without a familial disposition suggests additional factors, other than sodium, responsible for the disturbed intracellular calcium balance in these patients. PMID- 7132238 TI - [Activity of the glutathione redox system in human erythrocytes at various ages]. AB - Human erythrocytes were separated into three groups according to their density and age by centrifugation in a continuous Percoll gradient. The specific activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductases as well as the glutathione and selenium content were highest in the youngest cell and uniformly decreased by about 20-30% in the eldest group. The age-dependence of superoxide dismutase was much more pronounced. The malondialdehyde content taken as an estimate for lipid peroxidation showed an inverse age dependence and increased by 35% in the eldest cell population. Red blood cells from 10 anemic patients exhibited less glutathione and also less malondialdehyde, while GSH-peroxidase and GSSG reductase contents were higher. The parameters showed similar age profiles as in healthy subjects. The findings support the concept of lipid peroxidation as one of the causal events in red cell aging, but do not allow to deduce the involvement of a single enzyme related to the glutathione redox cycle in this process. PMID- 7132240 TI - The epidemiology of anaesthetic anaphylactoid reactions in Australasia. PMID- 7132239 TI - Epidemiology of adverse reactions in anaesthesia in the United Kingdom. AB - Adverse reactions to intravenous anaesthetics and muscle relaxants are characterised by peripheral vasodilatation with oedema, hypotension, tachycardia, bronchospasm and (more rarely) vomiting and abdominal cramps. The number of published cases in the U.K. is rising yearly. The frequency with all cremophor containing drugs is about 1 in 1,000 cases but the number recorded following other induction agents is increasing. Most reactions following muscle relaxants have been documented in other countries but this probably reflects local interpretation rather than true geographical differences. The incidence could be reduced by avoiding the use of all cremophor-containing drugs and death from actual incidents could be prevented by having adequate resuscitation measures available. PMID- 7132241 TI - Pathophysiological basis for the use of steroids in the treatment of shock and trauma. PMID- 7132242 TI - Prevention of acid aspiration by H2-receptor antagonists. PMID- 7132246 TI - An electron microscopic study on the development of muscle spindles. PMID- 7132243 TI - Histamine and some of its metabolites in human body fluids. AB - The concentrations of histamine, t-methylhistamine and t-methylimidazoleacetic acid were measured in human cerebrospinal fluid, plasma and urine, Especially noteworthy are the levels of histamine in cerebrospinal fluid which are far higher than those of t-methylhistamine and of t-methylimidazoleacetic acid, and high enough to stimulate histamine receptors in the central nervous system. It is suggested that mast cells, which surround the subarachnoid space, may contribute histamine to the cerebrospinal fluid and may offer a target for drugs and for immunologic actions. The t-methylhistamine and t-methylimidazoleacetic acid levels in cerebrospinal fluid may reflect central histaminergic activity, although a source of these metabolites in addition to histamine needs to be considered. PMID- 7132244 TI - Immunological and non-immunological mechanisms involved in adverse reactions to drugs. AB - This communication reviews the mechanisms involved in anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions to intravenous drugs used in anaesthesia. Although the mechanisms involved are pertinent to other drugs and substances used in clinical practice, the use of the intravenous route makes this a particularly worrying problem in anaesthetic practice. Despite the similarity of the clinical manifestations to those expected from immediate immunological hypersensitivity (anaphylaxis), relatively few reactions involve antibodies. Instead, a variety of mechanisms occur where activation of the blood inflammatory response systems, particularly complement, may be either primary or secondary to activation of the coagulation or fibrinolytic cascades of the blood clotting mechanisms. Immediate anaphylactoid reactions, manifest in the release of vasoactive substances such as histamine, may therefore pose very minor problems compared with coagulation problems arising in the peri- and post-operative period. It is important to discover the mechanism of all adverse reactions not only if these are to be avoided in the reactants in the future but also because of the necessity for devising suitable prophylactic and therapeutic measures for general use. The practical problems of such investigations are explored with particular reference to the laboratory investigation of subclinical reactions in terms of plasma histamine release and changes in blood leucocyte distribution. PMID- 7132245 TI - Effects of histamine on the circulatory system. AB - Experiments have been made in anaesthetised cats and dogs and in healthy, human volunteers to compare the changes in blood pressure and heart rate during systemic administration of histamine. Histamine, 1 x 10(-9) to 1 x 10(-7) mol/kg/min, lowered blood pressure in a similar dose-dependent fashion in all three species. In man and the cat this was accompanied by clear dose-dependent tachycardia whereas in the dog heart rate changes were minimal. Pharmacological analysis of the depressor responses to histamine in all three species and the reduction in total peripheral resistance in the cat and dog showed that the immediate responses to histamine in all three species involved H1-receptors and that sustained responses involved H2-receptors. Abolition of responses to histamine throughout infusions required H1-and H2-receptor blockade. Histamine antagonists, used in doses which cause abolition of cardiovascular responses to large doses of histamine, do not cause any significant change in the resting cardiovascular system. PMID- 7132247 TI - A possible role of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase in platelet activation. PMID- 7132248 TI - A serological study on Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and fever of unknown origin (FUO) in Jakarta, Indonesia, in 1982. PMID- 7132249 TI - [Effect of psychological factors on the clinical evaluation of the efficacy of treatment]. PMID- 7132250 TI - [Selective phlebography of the thymus gland in myasthenia]. PMID- 7132251 TI - [Bicycle ergometry in the diagnosis of alcoholic myocardiopathies]. PMID- 7132252 TI - [Acinetobacter anitratus as a causative agent of sepsis]. PMID- 7132253 TI - [Use of conjunctival biomicroscopy as a method of studying the microhemocirculation in clinical practice]. PMID- 7132255 TI - [Adaptation reactions in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7132254 TI - [Microcirculatory disorders in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7132256 TI - [Clinical and functional characteristics of the preasthmatic state]. PMID- 7132257 TI - [Functional state of the tracheobronchial tree in chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 7132258 TI - [Possible role of dysimmunoglobulinemia in the pathogenesis of acute pneumonia]. PMID- 7132259 TI - [Diagnosis of mediastinal tumors and cysts]. PMID- 7132260 TI - [Clinical and x-ray diagnosis of subdiaphragmatic abscesses]. PMID- 7132261 TI - [Criteria for the efficacy of hemosorption in mechanical jaundice]. PMID- 7132262 TI - [The silent gallbladder and its diagnostic significance]. PMID- 7132264 TI - [Sources of error in the diagnosis of colon cancer]. PMID- 7132263 TI - [Simultaneous endoscopic determination of the acid secreting function of the stomach and the alkalizing function of the duodenum]. PMID- 7132265 TI - [Effect of drugs on intestinal blood flow (based on rectal rheographic data)]. PMID- 7132266 TI - [Experience in dialysis therapy of chronic glomerulonephritis complicated by chronic kidney insufficiency]. PMID- 7132267 TI - Head and neck cancer--a brief review of 852 patients treated in Kurume University Hospital during the 10 years from 1971 to 1980. PMID- 7132268 TI - Carcinoma of the larynx--a retrospective investigation of 252 patients. PMID- 7132269 TI - Malignant tumor of the major salivary gland--a retrospective review of 18 patients. PMID- 7132271 TI - Carcinoma of nasal cavity--a retrospective investigation of 20 patients. PMID- 7132270 TI - Carcinoma of the thyroid gland--a retrospective investigation of 75 patients. PMID- 7132273 TI - Malignant melanoma of the nasal cavity--report of a case. PMID- 7132274 TI - Malignant melanoma of the oral cavity--report of a case. PMID- 7132272 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma of the neck of unknown origin--report of 4 cases. PMID- 7132275 TI - Sarcoma of the maxilla and the maxillary sinus--report of 7 cases. PMID- 7132276 TI - Neurogenic malignant neoplasm of the neck--report of 3 cases. PMID- 7132277 TI - Malignant lymphomas of the head and neck--a retrospective study of 75 patients. PMID- 7132278 TI - Carcinoma of the maxillary sinus--a retrospective investigation of 124 patients. PMID- 7132280 TI - Carcinoma of the ethmoid sinus--report of 2 cases. PMID- 7132279 TI - Carcinoma of the frontal sinus--report of 2 cases. PMID- 7132281 TI - Carcinoma of the sphenoid sinus--report of a case. PMID- 7132282 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma presumebly originating from the lacrimal sac--report of a case. PMID- 7132283 TI - Carcinoma of the lip and oral cavity--a retrospective investigation of 113 patients. PMID- 7132284 TI - Carcinoma of the epipharynx--a retrospective investigation of 16 patients. PMID- 7132285 TI - Carcinoma of the mesopharynx--a retrospective investigation of 43 patients. PMID- 7132286 TI - Carcinoma of the ear--report of 6 cases. PMID- 7132287 TI - Carcinoma of the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus--a retrospective investigation of 67 patients. PMID- 7132288 TI - Vascular endothelium: recent advances and unanswered questions. PMID- 7132289 TI - Acute adriamycin cardiotoxicity: morphologic alterations in isolated perfused rabbit heart. AB - Adriamycin is an antitumor agent whose use is limited by cardiac toxicity resulting in a late congestive cardiomyopathy. The time course of the cardiac changes and whether they are due to direct effect of the drug on the myocyte is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the very early changes in subcellular structure caused by adriamycin in an isolated, perfused, working heart. Eighteen rabbit hearts were perfused with oxygenated Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer at 39 degrees C. containing either 1, 2, 4, or 8 mg. per liter of adriamycin for periods of 30 to 150 minutes; 10 controls were perfused with buffer only. Light microscopic study of sections through both ventricles revealed no differences between treated and control hearts. Electron microscopy showed a striking and distinctive central clumping of nuclear chromatin in all 18 hearts exposed to adriamycin, but in no controls; this nuclear change was more marked with increasing dose of drug, but not with longer durations of perfusion. In 15 of 18 hearts sarcomeres and mitochondria were normal, and in 15 of 18 mild cytoplasmic vacuolization was present. In contrast, of 10 control hearts nuclei in seven were normal, and three showed some focal peripheral clumping of chromatin; seven had normal sarcomeres and mitochondria, and three showed mild cytoplasmic vacuolization. Thus, exposure of the isolated rabbit heart to adriamycin results in acute and distinctive nuclear alterations, with associated mild cytoplasmic changes. To what extent these nuclear effects mediate subsequent myocyte degeneration or dysfunction remains to be determined. PMID- 7132291 TI - Assessment of Dharmendra antigen. (V) attempts for purification of specific skin delayed hypersensitivity (DH) inducing antigen (S) from lepromin. AB - After electrophoresis (in pyrogen-free conditions) of Dharmendra antigen sonicates on agarose gel slides, the components (anionic and cationic) were eluted in pyrogen-free normal saline. On skin testing, it was found that only anionic component produced specific skin DH reactions in tuberculoid leprosy patients. The significance of the observations is discussed. PMID- 7132290 TI - An electron microscopic study of heme uptake by rat duodenum. AB - The uptake of heme by mucosal absorptive cells of rat duodenum was studied by electron microscopy; normal and iron-deficient animals were used. Heme was administered as hemoglobin or hemin chloride by means of an intragastric tube and also by injection into a closed duodenal loop. The peroxidatic activity of heme was utilized to locate it on the cell surface and within the cell; aldehyde-fixed mucosal tissue was incubated in a solution of 3,3'-diaminobenzidine. Heme was observed first on the surfaces of the microvilli of the absorptive cell and in apical pits between individual microvilli. Shortly thereafter, heme appeared within membrane-bound tubules which apparently communicated with the apical pits. At later intervals, secondary lysosomes, located in apical cytoplasm and in the supranuclear region of the cell, contained heme; the manner of heme transfer from the apical pit-tubular system to the lysosomal compartment was not defined. Gradual loss, with time, of 3,3'-diaminobenzidine reaction product from secondary lysosomes indicated cleavage of heme therein. Normal and iron-deficient rats handled heme in a similar manner. PMID- 7132292 TI - Assessment of Dharmendra antigen. (VI) skin tests with fractionated nucleic acids. AB - Leprosy patients were skin tested for induction of skin delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) with various preparations of Dharmendra Antigen (DA) (sonicated antigen, DNA + RNA and DNA). Extracted nucleic acids produced smaller reactions (including some negative ones) as compared to sonicated whole antigen (which included proteins). BCG fractions, prepared similarly, produced non specific skin reactions. PMID- 7132293 TI - Indirect assay of beta hydroxy beta methyl glutaryl CoA reductase in the sera of leprosy patients--a further probe into cholesterol metabolism. AB - With an aim to study the cholesterol biosynthetic capacity of the leprosy patients, the enzyme Beta hydroxy methyl glutaryl CoA reductase (HMG CoA) has been indirectly determined in the sera of leprosy patients and their family members by assaying the circulating levels of HMG CoA and mevalonate and finding out the ratio between two. The ratio was around 1 in leprosy patients indicating a normal HMG CoA reductase activity and approximately the same values were obtained in cases of healthy controls. The results suggest that cholesterol biosynthetic capacity of leprosy patients is normal. Whether cholesterol, the final product or intermediates like mevalonate are utilised by the invading M. leprae, thereby causing a lowered cholesterol level remains to be seen. PMID- 7132294 TI - Study of toxicity of clofazimine with special reference to structural and functional status of small intestine. PMID- 7132295 TI - Total and differential serum proteins and globulins in leprosy. AB - Total and differential serum proteins were estimated in 177 adult male patients and globulins in 135 patients. Total serum proteins were slightly lowered in BB, BL and LL patients. Total albumin was low in all types of leprosy, especially in the BL group. Alpha-1 and alpha-2 fractions were unchanged all through the leprosy spectrum. Beta globulins were significantly lowered in LL patients as compared to the controls. Gamma globulins were elevated in all types of leprosy more so in BB, BL and LL patients. Details are presented. PMID- 7132296 TI - PHA induced blastoid transformation of lymphocytes in leprosy contacts. AB - PHA-induced blastoid transformation of lymphocytes was studied in 29 contacts of leprosy patients. 21 contacts taking DDS as prophylaxis showed significant depression of lymphocyte transformation while 8 contacts not taking DDS showed no depression as compared to controls. DDS thus has an inhibitory effect on cell mediated immune response. PMID- 7132297 TI - Nerve damage in tuberculoid leprosy. AB - The pattern of ulnar nerve damage was studied in forty five patients suffering from Borderline Tuberculoid leprosy. All the patients were subjected to sensory and Voluntary Muscle Testings of the hands. It was observed that while all patients should evidence of sensory and autonomic deficit in the ulnar nerve supplied areas of the hands, only forty patients showed the evidence of motor deficit in the muscles supplied by the same nerve. The probable mechanism of selective sparing of motor function in the remaining five patients is discussed. PMID- 7132298 TI - Role of surgical decompression in ulnar neuritis of leprosy. AB - The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of neurolysis in relieving the pain of acute painful neuritis and assess its effect on the sensory motor deficit. Thirty eight ulnar nerves were operated and followed up for 8 to 125 weeks. Following surgery relief from pain was gratifying. However the pain recurred in cases of lepromatous leprosy in subsequent episodes of ENL reaction. Sensory recovery was appreciable and occurred within 8 weeks. Four cases had 75% recovery; five had 50 to 75% recovery and 11 cases had up to 50% recovery. Motor recovery took a longer time to appear. Proximal supplied muscles recovered first followed by smaller muscles. In most cases further deterioration of muscle power was prevented. Only 3 cases deteriorated. Recovery was more pronounced in LL cases. Patients with shorter duration of acute symptoms and history of smaller number of attacks of acute painful neuritis showed a higher incidence and better grade of recovery. PMID- 7132299 TI - Tuberculoid leprosy or sarcoidosis? A diagnostic dilemma. AB - During an intensive survey in a leprosy endemic area in South India, a young male adult was detected with infiltrated skin lesions and diagnosed as a case of major tuberculoid leprosy. The presence of leprosy in the individual could not be clinically established, despite a histological diagnosis of tuberculoid leprosy made on his skin biopsy. In a eighteen year follow up during which he was examined on six occasions, the skin patches continued very much the same in appearance with a progressive increase in size; he was re-biopsied from the same lesion thrice and was declared tuberculoid or borderline tuberculoid leprosy. At no time did the clinical findings warrant a diagnosis of leprosy but suggested that it could be sarcoidosis or lupus vulgaris. The biopsy done for the fifth time from the same skin lesion during the seventh examination and from the site of Kveim test confirmed the condition to be sarcoidosis. PMID- 7132300 TI - A sociological study of leprosy cases in the Gandhi Kusth Ashram, Jodhpur (Rajasthan). AB - A Sociological study was carried out in respondents of a Lepers Colony (Gandhi Kusth Ashram), Jodhpur. An attempt was made to study the knowledge about causation of Leprosy, age at onset, and treatment. The reason for leaving their original place of origin (South India) was enquired. A majority (95.2%) of patients were Hindus, had onset of leprosy in the age group of below 20 years to 30 years (80.94%) had a literacy rate of 6.3% only. A history of contact with a case of leprosy could be traced in 38% but within the family only in 11.9%. The infection as a cause of leprosy was recognised only by 3.57% patients but a majority had no idea about aetiology (70.24%) or thought it to be due to punishment for past sins (3.57%) or due to supernatural causation (1.19%). Most of them (70.2%) left home for fear of losing family prestige and to hide the disease (25.00%) or hatred of other family members (4.76%). PMID- 7132301 TI - Age-at-onset of leprosy. (An analytic data from Northern India). AB - Very little information is available from Northern India about various intriguing facets of epidemiology of leprosy. Age-at-onset is a very important aspect of the epidemiology of the disease process. In the present study an analytic data of the patients from Northern India is presented. The mean age-at-onset of leprosy in males was 31.49 years and in female 29.43 years. The mean age-at-onset for N, N ? L and L types was 30.14, 30.12 and 34.13 years respectively. The data compared well with those of earlier series. PMID- 7132302 TI - Researches on the post-lepromin scar (P.L.S.). PMID- 7132303 TI - Measuring prejudice against homosexuality (homosexism) among college students: a new scale. PMID- 7132304 TI - The validity of attitude change by classical conditioning. PMID- 7132305 TI - Aggression, retaliation, and religious affiliation. PMID- 7132306 TI - Sports medical problems on physical activity in middle and old age. PMID- 7132307 TI - Resting and exercise respiratory function in young female child runners. PMID- 7132308 TI - Incidence of otorhinolaryngological diseases in water sports. PMID- 7132309 TI - Metabolic and physiological responses of college females to prior exercise, varied rest intervals and a strenuous endurance task. PMID- 7132310 TI - Nutrition of athletes: the role of confectionery (and ice-cream) in the diet of young girls in training. PMID- 7132311 TI - Cardiac output in male middle aged runners. PMID- 7132312 TI - Physical exercise therapy in juvenile diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7132313 TI - Ventilatory and metabolic reactions to heat stress during prolonged exercise. PMID- 7132315 TI - Profound sinus bradycardia in the athletic heart syndrome. PMID- 7132314 TI - Preliminary research regarding the application of echocardiography in the analysis of left ventricular function under dynamic conditions. PMID- 7132316 TI - Clinical and radiological aspects of gymnast's shoulder. PMID- 7132317 TI - Clinical and radiological aspects of gymnast's elbow. PMID- 7132318 TI - Oxygen cost of walking and running in untrained, sprint trained, and endurance trained females. PMID- 7132319 TI - The effect of varying lengths of stride on performance during submaximal treadmill stress testing. PMID- 7132320 TI - Anthropometric, strength, and performance characteristics of American world class throwers. PMID- 7132321 TI - One mile run performance as a function of prior exercise. PMID- 7132322 TI - Year round training effects on swimmers' heart rate during bicycle ergometer and swimming exercises. PMID- 7132323 TI - Effects of five-month conscription on physical fitness of 75 recruits. PMID- 7132324 TI - Quantitative studies of monocyte maturation in patients with malignant melanoma. AB - Peripheral blood monocytes were cultured from normal volunteers and patients with malignant melanoma in a suspension culture containing 50% autologous plasma. The number of monocytes that matured into macrophages in the normal control population was 8.29 +/- 3.14 X 10(4) cells/ml blood, whereas in patients with malignant melanoma the number of matured monocytes was 3.15 +/- 2.80 X 10(4) cells/ml blood. The low macrophage maturation in patients with malignant melanoma was not found to be associated with any serum factors. Furthermore, from morphological studies done using scanning electron microscopy, there was no apparent difference between macrophages maturing from normal individuals or patients with malignant melanoma. From analysis of this adherent cell population there appears to be an intrinsic defeat in the maturation of monocytes in vitro in the case of patients with malignant melanoma. PMID- 7132325 TI - Development of a new miniature method for the study of wound healing in human subjects. AB - A new miniaturized method for evaluation of healing potential in human subjects has been developed. A small, standardized, subcutaneous wound is made in a standard location. Expanded PTFE tubing is placed in the wound and removed at specific intervals. The ingrowth of connective tissue is evaluated by histology and by measurement of hydroxyproline accumulation. Beginning on the fifth day, hydroxyproline accumulation correlates with visual accumulation of tissue in the tubing. Preliminary results show decreased hydroxyproline accumulation in the wounds of patients with preoperative debility. This is to be expected on the basis of previous clinical experience and laboratory studies. This method has the further advantage that the catheters may be placed with local anesthesia in outpatients and therefore may be applied systematically to populations, as well as for observation in patients requiring operation. PMID- 7132326 TI - Platelet-mediated cardiac ischemia. AB - Although platelets have been associated with angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and sudden death, the platelet's capacity for induction and propagation of cardiac ischemia remains incompletely defined. We therefore evaluated the effects of platelet activation occurring within the coronary circulation and tested the hypothesis that inhibition of platelet function would prevent platelet-induced cardiac ischemia. Human platelets were isolated from blood obtained from normal donors by Sepharose 2B column chromatography, resuspended in Hepes buffer, and added to the perfusate of a Langendorff rabbit heart (platelet counts greater than 10,000/microliters). Without, and with low dose (10 microM) prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), a reversible inhibitor of platelet function, immediate and irreversible global cardiac ischemia, as monitored by NADH fluorescent photography, ensued (N = 4) following platelet activation with thrombin (0.1 to 1 U/ml). Higher concentrations of PGE1 (0.1 to 1 mM, N = 2) or aspirin ingestion (1000 mg taken approximately 12, 4, and 1 hr prior to experiment, N = 2) completely prevented this platelet-induced myocardial ischemia. Aspirin, unlike PGE1, was effective despite its inability to block thrombin-induced platelet aggregation in our in vitro gel-filtered system. We conclude that activation of platelets within the coronary circulation is sufficient for induction of irreversible cardiac ischemia. The efficacy of aspirin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, further suggests that the products of arachidonate metabolism (e.g., thromboxanes) have a fundamental role in the genesis of platelet-mediated myocardial ischemia. PMID- 7132328 TI - Cerebral amino acid levels and transport after portocaval shunt in the rat: effects of liver arterialization. AB - Altered plasmatic and cerebral amino acid patterns have been observed after portocaval shunt in the rat. Similar alterations have been found in plasma and in cerebrospinal fluid of cirrhotic patients and are likely to play an important role in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy. Impaired liver blood flow could contribute to these biochemical abnormalities. Therefore we wondered whether liver arterialization, by improving liver perfusion, could have any beneficial effects on the altered amino acid levels occurring in the rat after portocaval shunt. Amino acid concentrations were determined in four cerebral regions and in the plasma of shunted rats with or without liver arterialization, 4 weeks after surgery. Blood-brain barrier transport was studied with the Oldendorf's technique. After portocaval shunt, we observed lower plasma levels of the branched chain amino acids valine, isoleucine, leucine, and net higher levels of the aromatic tyrosine and phenylalanine and of glutamine. In the cerebral regions, we observed a slight increase of branched chain amino acids and an enormous increase of tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, histidine, and glutamine. Arterialization of the liver made no difference to the postportocaval shunt plasma levels of branched chain amino acids, while it almost normalized those of aromatics. In the cerebral regions, we observed a marked improvement in the level of tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and histidine. The enhancement of blood-brain barrier transport for the neutral amino acid class, observed after portocaval shunt, was not influenced by liver arterialization. We conclude that, in our model, liver arterialization improves the pathologic amino acid levels following portocaval shunt. This would be in agreement with clinical reports suggesting that hepatic encephalopathy is less frequent after portocaval shunt when associated with arterialization of the liver. PMID- 7132327 TI - In vitro determination of accuracy of cardiac output measurements by thermal dilution. AB - The accuracy of cardiac output (C.O.) measurements by the thermodilution method was evaluated in an in vitro model within a flow range from 1 to 5 liters/min. For C.O. determinations, a 5F Swan-Ganz balloon-tipped thermodilution catheter and a 9520 Edwards computer were used. We made 420 measurements at known flow rates. In serial determinations, we achieved an overall accuracy of 86 to 93% compared to the reference flow; for single determinations, the accuracy ranged from 75 to 85%. The indicator volume (3, 5, or 10 cc) had no influence on the results. The thermodilution determinations at each flow rate were reproducible at between 2.5 and 8.5%. There was no difference in accuracy or reproducibility when ice-cold or room temperature saline was used. Caution in the interpretation of single C.O. determinations in low-flow states, i.e., in pediatric patients, is recommended. PMID- 7132329 TI - Modification of the serum bromide assay for the measurement of extracellular fluid volume in small subjects. AB - Serum bromide has been used in the past to measure extracellular fluid volume in infants. In this report, a modification and refinement of a previously described spectrophotometric assay suitable for determining bromide levels in blood is presented. The assay involves sample deproteinization with perchloric acid followed by spectrophotometric analysis of the complexes formed by the reaction between sodium bromide and gold chloride. Linear standard curves were obtained by diluting 1:2 with pooled serum at the following bromide concentrations: 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg%. Intra- and interassay variation using this technique was extremely small (n = 6, correlation coefficient, 0.995, and n = 5, correlation coefficient, 0.988, respectively). For toxicological analysis, a linear standard curve was derived from sodium bromide standards at the following concentrations: 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg%. The reproducibility and reliability of this assay have been excellent and the correlation with neutron activation analysis was excellent. The assay is easily adapted for the analysis of large numbers of samples, is easy to perform, and requires only small sample volumes. PMID- 7132330 TI - A quantitative morphometric analysis of rat ileal Thiry-Vella fistulae. AB - Controversy exists regarding the mechanism and degree of mucosal alterations occurring in defunctionalized segments of intestine. This study compares the results of a quantitative analysis of mucosal components, including Paneth cells and immunocytes, between in-continuity and defunctionalized (Thiry-Vella) segments of rat ileum. The micrometer component quantitator was used for the light microscopic morphometric analysis. Intracellular lysozyme and IgA were identified employing the unlabeled antibody enzyme immunohistochemical staining technique. The vol% of the ileal mucosal components of animals from the control group and from the in-continuity segments of the experimental group were comparable. Analysis of the Thiry-Vella fistulae, however, revealed a statistically significant decrease in the vol% of columnar epithelial cells and increase in the vol% of lysozyme-containing Paneth cells and interstitium of the lamina propria. Since Thiry-Vella fistulae are neurovascularly intact, mucosal alterations imply a causal relationship to interaction with chyme. The data suggest that chyme has both a stimulatory (on the columnar epithelium) and suppressive (on the the Paneth cell population) effect. The vol% of IgA containing Paneth cells and the percentage of the lamina propria represented by IgA-containing immunocytes were also substantially decreased. Normally secretory IgA is the immunoglobulin of highest concentration intraluminally and among immunocytes within the lamina propria, presumably in response to local antigenic stimulation. The presence of immunoglobulin within Paneth cells may reflect the phagocytosis of immunoglobulin complexed antigens. The data suggest that the degree of local antigenic stimulation is decreased in Thiry-Vella fistulae. PMID- 7132331 TI - Cytological changes induced by pulmonary infarction in a canine model. PMID- 7132332 TI - Obstetrical considerations for the working woman. PMID- 7132333 TI - Role of brachytherapy in the management of recurrent carcinoma of the head and neck. PMID- 7132334 TI - Elevated CSF protein in uremia and dehydration. PMID- 7132335 TI - AMA 1981 interim meeting report: health manpower. PMID- 7132336 TI - CAT scan of the month: lipoma of the right gluteus and thigh. PMID- 7132337 TI - EKG of the month: QT prolongation induced by quinidine in therapeutic doses. PMID- 7132338 TI - Hemiplegia--an 11-year summary. PMID- 7132339 TI - Steatorrhea as the presenting manifestation of adenocarcinoma of the colon. PMID- 7132340 TI - Prolonged postoperative succinylcholine-induced apnea with pseudocholinesterase deficiency. PMID- 7132341 TI - The two faces of opportunity. PMID- 7132342 TI - Management of hyperlipidemia in coronary artery disease. PMID- 7132343 TI - Public Health Report. Benefits of childhood immunization programs. PMID- 7132344 TI - EKG of the month. Unipolar pacemaker inhibition due to increased skeletal myopotentials. PMID- 7132345 TI - Pyridoxal phosphate blocks aggregation of molybdate treated glucocorticoid receptors in HeLa S3 cells. AB - We have compared the effects of sodium molybdate and pyridoxal phosphate on the sedimentation properties of cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptors. Whole HeLa S3 cells were incubated with [3H]-Dexamethasone (Dex) at 0-4 degrees C to produce unactivated cytoplasmic steroid receptors. When these cells are lysed in 10 mM Tris, 1 mM EDTA, 12 mM alpha-thioglycerol pH 7.4 (buffer A), [3H]-Dex receptor sediment as 7-8S species in sucrose gradients prepared in the same buffer. Sedimentation of receptors on gradients containing buffer A plus 20 mM sodium molybdate (buffer B) results in an approximately 9S species. Treatment of these receptors with pyridoxal phosphate (10 mM) followed by reduction with NaBH4 and sedimentation on sucrose gradients prepared in either buffer A or B results in the production of 3-4S species. Although [3H]-Dex labeled cells lysed in buffer B yield approximately 9S species when analyzed in gradients prepared in buffer B, centrifugation of these receptors in buffer A yield 7-8S species. Similarly when cells are lysed in buffer A labeled receptors sediment in sucrose gradients prepared in buffer B as approximately 9S species. Receptors prepared in buffer B and treated with pyridoxal phosphate and NaBH4 sediment in buffer B gradients as two discrete approximately 7S and approximately 3.5S species. Pyridoxal phosphate and NaBH4 treated receptors prepared in buffer B sediment as disperse 3-6S species when analyzed in buffer A gradients. Based on these observations we conclude that pyridoxal phosphate, NaBH4 reduced receptors are not particularly susceptible to subsequent molybdate action, but molybdate pre-treated receptors can be influenced by pyridoxal phosphate. PMID- 7132346 TI - Autoradiographic analysis of nuclear estrogen binding sites during postnatal development of the genital tract of female mice. AB - Autoradiographic analysis of [3H]-estrogen nuclear binding sites was performed on developing genital tracts (uterus, cervix and vagina) of mice 1 to 90 days postpartum. During days 1 to 15 postpartum, nuclear estrogen binding sites were observed exclusively within mesenchymal cells; epithelial cells did not exhibit nuclear labelling. At 18 days postpartum vaginal and cervical epithelial cells exhibited nuclear estrogen binding sites for the first time, whereas the initial appearance of estrogen receptor activity in the epithelium of the uterus was detected at 20 days postpartum. Thereafter, nuclear estrogen binding sites were maintained in both epithelial and stromal cells into adulthood. The acquisition of nuclear binding sites within epithelium of female genital organs at 18 days is discussed in terms of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions and the acquisition of growth responsiveness. PMID- 7132347 TI - Steroid-binding properties of the rat seminal vesicle androgen receptor: short term and long-term competition of various steroids with radioactive dihydrotestosterone. AB - Competition of 22 steroids with [3H]-dihydrotestosterone for the binding to the androgen receptor of the rat seminal vesicle has been studied. The effect of each competitor was determined in short term (1 h) and long term (67 h) incubations, and the results were evaluated by considering the kinetic aspects of competition. This approach made possible to investigate separately the ligand specificity of the association and dissociation parts of the steroid-receptor interaction. According to competitory behavior, the investigated steroids could be divided into three groups. In Group I, the association and dissociation rates of the competitors are close to that of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone. Steroids in Group II can still associate at a remarkable rate with the receptor, but the resulting complexes are much less stable than the 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone-receptor complex. Finally, steroids of Group III do not exhibit significant binding. By correlating the binding characteristics and the structure of the test compounds it was possible to assess the significance of certain features of steroid molecules in the binding. Moreover, other correlations between the competitive behavior and some known biological activities of these steroids point to the potential usefulness of our procedure in the screening of synthetic steroids. PMID- 7132348 TI - New aromatase assay and its application for inhibitory studies of aminoglutethimide on microsomes of human term placenta. AB - A new, simple, fast and highly practicable aromatase assay and its application is described. This test depends on the release of tritiated water after aromatization of [1 beta,2 beta-3H]- or [1,2-3H]-androstendione or testosterone. In tests with [1 beta,2 beta-3H]-androstendione, nonradioactivity labeled estrogens are formed whereas in tests using [1,2-3H]-androstendione as substrate both estrogens and water contain tritium atoms. Tritiated water is determined by a two-phase scintillation technique depending on the limited emulsifying capacity of dioxane-based scintillation solution for water. A small volume (0.1 ml) of water is completely emulsified by the scintillation solution (10 ml) and all tritium-labeled substances can be measured. After addition of 2 ml distilled water 95% of the tritiated water is partitioned in the aqueous phase and only (1 beta,2 beta-3H]-androstendione or [1,2-3H]-androstendione and tritium labeled estrogens can be counted. The amount of tritiated water in each test can be calculated by impulse differences before and after addition of 2 ml distilled water. This aromatase assay using [1,2-3H]-androstendione was compared to a method described by Thompson and Siiteri [1] depending on extraction of steroids prior to scintillation counting. A good agreement of both methods was found. In tests with human term placenta aromatase in microsomes the apparent Km of androstendione was determined to be 8.9 nM. Aminoglutethimide showed a 50% inhibition of the placental microsomal aromatase at 0.6 microM. PMID- 7132349 TI - A micromethod for the measurement of estrogen receptors using high pressure liquid chromatography. AB - Adequate sample size has been one of the difficulties encountered in routine determination of estrogen receptors in prostatic disease. The recent commercial availability of protein analysis columns for use with high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipment has made the achievement of a considerable reduction in sample size feasible. We present a method for determination of ER which includes the use of 16 alpha-125-iodo-estradiol ( [125I]-E2) of 1600 Ci/mmol specific activity, the use of G-25 column chromatography, followed by fractionation by HPLC and finally relation of the fmol specifically bound to mg protein measured in the HPLC peak. Data obtained upon determination of ER in the immature rat uterine model system are given to show consistent recoveries, ligand specificity, saturability, inhibition, and commonly accepted KD and n values for this system. Also, in a pilot study on 13 samples from human prostatectomies, the utility of the HPLC technique for ER measurement in that tissue using single point analysis is demonstrated. For comparison, all receptor determinations reported were also made using conventional methods. PMID- 7132350 TI - Steroid side-chain modification and receptor affinity: binding of synthetic derivatives of corticoids to human spleen tumor and rat liver glucocorticoid receptors. PMID- 7132351 TI - Radioimmunoassay of plasma and urine 6 beta-hydroxycortisol: levels in healthy adults and in hypercortisolemic states. AB - A reliable radioimmunoassay for plasma and urine 6 beta-hydroxycortisol after chromatography on Sephadex LH 20 column has been described and evaluated. The antiserum used was raised in the rabbit injected with 6 beta-hydroxycortisol-3(O carboxymethyl)oxime-bovine serum albumin. In control subjects, urine 6 beta hydroxycortisol levels ranged from 137 to 348 micrograms/24 h (mean +/- SD: 238 +/- 66) in adult males (n = 14) and from 80 to 432 micrograms/24 h (mean +/- SD: 210 +/- 93) in adult females (n = 15). In plasma, 6 beta-hydroxycortisol levels ranged from 0.53 to 3.13 ng/ml (mean +/- SD: 1.14 +/- 0.57) in adult males (n = 17) and from 0.53 to 2.69 ng/ml (mean +/- SD: 1.22 +/- 0.53) in adult females (n = 19). In patients with Cushing's syndrome high levels were found in urine as well as in plasma. Finally the higher concentrations of 6 beta-hydroxycortisol found in adrenal effluent in comparison with those of the peripheral vein blood has clearly demonstrated that 6 beta-hydroxycortisol is secreted by the adrenal besides its extra-adrenal formation from cortisol. PMID- 7132352 TI - Glucocorticoid metabolism in human placenta, decidua, myometrium and fetal membranes. AB - The metabolism of cortisone (E) and cortisol (F) by human placenta, decidua, myometrium, chorion and amnion during pregnancy was studied in vitro. Early pregnancy, midpregnancy and term placentae metabolized F efficiently yielding E as the major product. The capacity of the placenta to inactivate F to E was observed as early as the 8th week of pregnancy and there was a significantly higher (P less than 0.001) net production of E in early pregnancy placenta than in term placenta. In contrast to the placenta, midpregnancy and term decidua metabolized mainly E to F with a net production of F. Term chorion demonstrated an equal degree of oxidative and reductive glucocorticoid metabolism while term amnion and myometrium had negligible metabolic activity. Thus the net production of F from E by the decidual membrane unit is due to metabolic activity in the decidua as early as the 13th week of pregnancy and not to activity in the fetal membranes. PMID- 7132353 TI - The effect of lyophilization on steroid receptor behavior, as defined by sucrose density gradient analysis. AB - The effects of lyophilization of both cytosol and tissue powder were examined by sucrose density gradient analysis (SDGA) of uterine estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) from pig and calf. Cytosol prepared from lyophilized material (both cytosol and tissue powder) was compared to that prepared concomitantly from frozen, pulverized powders of the same tissue. It was found that both ER and PgR responses to SDG ionic strength and the ability of ER to demonstrate temperature-dependent 4S leads to 5S transformation were unimpaired by lyophilization. In addition, lyophilized cytosol and lyophilized tissue powder gave equivalent results. A few experiments examining lyophilization effects on steroid receptors from human breast biopsies did note some diminution of the 8S form of both ER and PgR following lyophilization, although this effect was variable in extent. It is nevertheless concluded that much lyophilized material exhibits many of the same responses as frozen, and may be used in lieu of the latter, at least within the confines of the parameters described here. PMID- 7132354 TI - Estrogen and progesterone receptors in mammary tumors induced in rats by simultaneous administration of 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone. AB - Mammary tumors were promoted in male rats of the Wistar WAG strain by continuous and simultaneous administration of 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone. Tumor induction and growth were dependent on estradiol and on progesterone. Their histological features were comparable with those of human breast cancers. Hormone receptors were present in tumor cells. Estradiol receptor was found in 95% of them, at a higher level in nuclei than in cytosol. Progesterone receptor was present in 75% of tumors. In all cases, the level of androgen receptor was low. PMID- 7132355 TI - Resolution of two fractions of androgen receptor from mouse kidney. AB - Putative androgen receptors from mouse kidney were separated and re chromatographed on DNA-cellulose columns. With either [3H]-dihydrotestosterone or [3H]-testosterone as ligands, two major fractions of androgen receptors were obtained in both elutions from DNA-cellulose columns; these eluted, respectively, at 140-150 mM NaCl (lower-salt) and 180-190 mM NaCl (higher-salt). Therefore, the two major peaks detectable with extracts of mouse kidney result from differences that are intrinsic to the receptor complexes rather than heterogeneity of the DNA cellulose matrix. These findings are discussed in relation to two forms of androgen receptors that exist in a different proportion in extracts of brain and in relation to other steroid receptors. PMID- 7132356 TI - Detection and quantitation of 19-norandrosterone in urine by isotope dilution mass spectrometry. AB - A highly accurate method has been developed for detection and quantitation of 19 norandrosterone, the major urinary metabolite of 19-nortestosterone in man. A suitable 14C labelled standard was obtained by i.m. injection of [4-14C]-19 nortestosterone into a human volunteer. A fixed amount of this internal standard was added to a fixed amount of urine and the mixture was treated with Helix pomatia for 24 h. After extraction and purification by t.l.c., the mixture was converted into methoxime-trimethylsilyl derivative and analyzed by combined GC MS. Unlabelled 19-norandrosterone could be quantitated from the ratio between the tracings of the ions at m/z 256 and m/z 258, corresponding to M-90-31 ions. In alternative procedures the ions at m/z 346 and 348 (corresponding to the M-31 ions) could be used. Under the conditions employed, urinary 19-norandrosterone could be identified and quantitated in concentrations exceeding 20 ng/ml. The steroid could be traced in urine up to 6 weeks after i.m. administration of 25 mg of the decanoate of 19-nortestosterone (Deca-Durabol). When using radioimmunoassay with antibodies towards unmetabolized 19-nortestosterone, it was possible to trace urinary 19-nortestosterone only for 1-2 weeks after the administration. The present method has been successfully used for analysis of 19 norandrosterone in urine samples obtained from athletes involved in competition. PMID- 7132357 TI - The incidence of carcinoma of the gastric remnant. AB - Carcinoma of the gastric remnant (stump carcinoma) is defined as cancer that has developed in the remnant of the stomach when primary resection was carried out at least 5 years earlier and for benign disease. Little is known about the incidence of the disease. In several publications adequate calculation is missing and unfortunately in well-designed investigations considerable numbers of patients who are to be followed from the day of the resection until many years later are missing. Thus calculations are based on a group of selected patients. We succeeded in analyzing 97% of our patients in a period for over 26 years. Stump cancer occurred in 1.9%. In our opinion stump cancer is not an independent disease, but similar to cancer of the stomach. It seems that resection provides a decrease of the chance that eventually gastric cancer may arise. PMID- 7132358 TI - Lipomas of the tongue--report of two cases. PMID- 7132359 TI - Low-grade keratinizing squamous carcinoma recurrent in same extremity three times in nine years via local embolic interstitial dermal metastasis. PMID- 7132360 TI - Transitional cell carcinoma of the anterior urethra. AB - We report a case of transitional cell carcinoma of the anterior male urethra. Unlike squamous cell carcinoma of the anterior urethra, which usually requires partial penectomy, transitional cell carcinoma of this location can be managed with conservative local resection and preservation of the penis. Possible explanations for the origin of this lesion are discussed. PMID- 7132361 TI - Testicular relapse in acute childhood leukemia. AB - The successful induction and maintenance of hematologic remission in childhood acute leukemia has led to the recognition of extramedullary leukemia as a major clinical problem [1-6]. The central nervous system is the most common site of extramedullary relapse [1,7-12]. A more recently recognized form of extramedullary relapse is the testis [13-22]. This paper will review a series of patients with childhood acute leukemia who suffered testicular relapse. Modes of therapy for testicular relapse and research conducted into the etiology of testicular relapse will be discussed. PMID- 7132362 TI - Teratoma of thyroid gland in infancy: review of the literature and two case reports. AB - Teratomas of the cervical area are relatively rare tumors--only 132 cases have been reported. This paper adds two more cases to the literature and reviews the important clinical aspects of the disease. This tumor commonly presents in early infancy with increasing respiratory distress; polyhydramnios is commonly associated with tumors greater than 10 cm in diameter. They are always benign in infants and are believed to arise from the thyroid gland. Prompt surgical removal is mandatory. Thyroid function studies should be initiated preoperatively, if feasible, and definitely postoperatively to avoid the possible complication of hypothyroidism in the young infant. PMID- 7132363 TI - Academic pitfalls in America--1907-1982. PMID- 7132364 TI - Excretion of tumor-associated antigen(s) in the urine of patients with colon carcinoma. AB - Urine samples collected from patients with colon carcinoma and from normal donors were tested for antigenic activity by the microcomplement-fixation assay. When autologous serum was used as the antibody source, 65.4% (17/26) of the urine samples from patients with colon carcinoma were positive for antigen as opposed to only 10% (2/20) from normal volunteers. Absorption of a representative serum with cultured colon cancer cells completely removed reactivity against its autologous urine. Using this serum to screen urine from colon carcinoma patients, antigenic activity was found in 71.4% (30/46) of the samples; however, only 10% (2/20) of the urine samples from apparently healthy volunteers were positive. Analysis of urine samples collected from three patients before and after resection of their primary colon carcinoma and from nine patients undergoing hyperthermia for liver metastases revealed that two of the patients who had curative surgical procedures had marked decreases in urinary antigen levels by the second postoperative day, while the third patient whose disease was unresectable had no significant decrease. Seven of nine patients with metastatic disease had a greater than fourfold increase in antigen activity after hyperthermia and chemotherapy. These results suggest that tumor-associated antigens were excreted into urine, possibly the result of treatment-caused tumor necrosis. Therefore, assessment of tumor-associated antigen(s) in the urine of patients with colon carcinoma may serve as a marker for response to treatment of this disease. PMID- 7132365 TI - The influence of pancreatic hormones and diabetogenic procedures on erythropoietin production. AB - The influence of the pancreas on renal and extrarenal erythropoietin (Ep) production and on the elaboration of the hepatic erythropoietic factor (HEF) was studied in these experiments. Insulin was found to elevate Ep levels in the anephric hypoxic rat when compared to controls, whereas glucagon treatment augmented the hepatic Ep response to hypoxia in the subtotally hepatectomized (hepx) animal while lowering it in the renal intact rat. Production of experimental diabetes either through chemical induction by alloxan or following pancreatectomy diminished the Ep response in all groups tested. Treatment with antiglucagon caused an elevation in the Ep response to hypoxia in the intact rat but lowered Ep levels in the hepx animal. In addition, glucagon and a synthetic hepatotrophic agent (L-histidyl L-lysine acetate) stimulated HEF production in the hepx rat, although none of the agents tested were capable of enhancing HEF levels in the intact rat. PMID- 7132366 TI - Colorectal carcinoma: evaluation of histologic grade and factors influencing prognosis. AB - We analyzed 246 patients with adenocarcinoma of colorectum treated with "curative" surgery alone. In reviewing these cases it is apparent that patients with poorly differentiated tumor (Grade 3) have an increased likelihood of deep invasion of tumor through the bowel wall and lymph node metastases compared to well (Grade 1) or moderately differentiated tumor (Grade 2). Poor differentiation of the tumor, deep penetration through the bowel wall and lymph node metastases appear to represent unfavorable prognostic indices in patients operated upon. Age, sex, size of primary tumor, and large bowel site of tumor origin were unrelated to the prognosis. Compared to Grade 1 and 2 tumors, patients with Grade 3 lesions had more local recurrences and/or distant metastases. These findings suggest that histologic grading is an important adjunct to the clinical evaluation and treatment planning of patients with colorectal carcinoma. PMID- 7132368 TI - Primary adenocarcinoma of the appendix: a report of two cases. AB - Primary adenocarcinoma of the appendix is rare; approximately 200 cases have been reported. Preoperative diagnosis is extremely difficult. We report two cases with two distinctive histologic patterns of adenocarcinoma resulting in different outcomes. The classification and treatment of primary epithelial malignant tumors of the appendix are also discussed. PMID- 7132367 TI - Comparison of cytosol estrogen receptor status in ovarian carcinoma using different radiolabeled ligands and methods. AB - It is not uncommon to find more than one class of steroid hormone receptors present in a given tissue specimen. In this study we compared methods with different ligands and incubation conditions. Samples were also assayed using the dextran-coated charcoal as well as sucrose gradient. The purpose of this paper is to show the need for a standardization of technique if we are to draw meaningful conclusions from the values obtained by different workers. Whereas normal ovaries and benign ovarian lesions lacked estrogen receptors, the presence of estrogen receptor was confirmed in malignant ovarian lesions. PMID- 7132369 TI - Chondroma of the larynx. AB - Chondroma of the larynx is rare, but should be suspected in elderly patients with persistent voice changes or recurrent colds when carcinoma has been disproved. We report a patient with chondroma of the larynx. The diagnosis was established following complications associated with anesthesia for an unrelated ailment. PMID- 7132370 TI - The management of breast carcinoma in pregnancy and lactation. AB - Until recent years, the prognosis for breast cancer in pregnancy and lactation was regarded as grave. The current new data suggest that pregnant women with early breast carcinoma may be treated in the same way as nonpregnant women without affecting pregnancy. However, women with breast cancer in their first trimester of pregnancy and in whom axillary lymph nodes are involved, should receive chemotherapy and have their pregnancy terminated. Toward the end of pregnancy, adjuvant therapy, when needed, can be delayed until after delivery. In patients with advanced disease pregnancy should be terminated and subsequent treatment initiated. During lactation, diagnosis of breast carcinoma requires suppression of lactation by means other than estrogens. The carcinoma will be treated by standard methods. After radical mastectomy for breast cancer, subsequent pregnancies are allowed but should be delayed until the period of greatest risk has passed. PMID- 7132371 TI - Influences of operative stress on cell-mediated immunity and on tumor metastasis and their prevention by nonspecific immunotherapy: experimental studies in rats. AB - Influences of operative stress on nonspecific cell-mediated immunity and on liability to tumor metastasis and preventive effects thereon of a nonspecific immunopotentiator OK-432 were examined. Syngeneic female SD rats were inoculated SC with 200 mg of a transplantable mammary carcinoma MRMT-1 at the dorsal flank. After 2 weeks the tumor was surgically excised simply or combined with 30-min laparotomy. It was revealed by follow-up examination that the laparotomy stress significantly increased incidence of postoperative lung metastasis. It was found that PHA-induced blastogenesis of peripheral lymphocytes was markedly reduced in the early period following laparotomy. Preoperative or post-operative (especially the former) administration of OK-432 was effective for preventing both the postlaparotomy facilitation of lung metastasis and the postlaparotomy reduction in PHA lymphoblastogenesis. PMID- 7132372 TI - Sweat gland carcinoma with hypercalcemia. AB - A case is presented in which a large recurrent malignant tumor of the thigh of probable sweat gland origin is associated with hypercalcemia. The tumor invaded the periosteum of the pubis. Hypercalcemia subsided following hemipelvectomy and the patient has remained asymptomatic since 1977. PMID- 7132373 TI - [Inhibitory effect of noradrenaline on dopamine release from the hypothalamus of the rat]. AB - 1. The release of dopamine from the anterior hypothalamic/preoptic region of the anesthetized and artificially ventilated rats was investigated in vivo using a superfusion technique with a push-pull cannula. L-DOPA and pargyline were added to synthetic cerebrospinal fluid superfusing the area. Dopamine was measured by electrochemical detection after separation by liquid chromatography. Dopamine release rapidly reached stable values after the addition of L-DOPA. 2. Serotonin (10-6M) slightly inhibited dopamine release. Other experiments are necessary to characterize this interaction. 3. Lesions of the ventral noradrenergic bundle by a knife cut significantly increased the release of dopamine. 4. This lesion prolonged the apparent half-life of noradrenaline in the AH/PO. 5. Low concentration (10-7M) of noradrenaline inhibited dopamine release when a lesion was performed prior to the superfusion. 6. These data are compatible with a tonic noradrenergic mechanism mediating an inhibitory control of dopamine release in the AH/PO. PMID- 7132374 TI - [Comparative vasodilator action of 5 vasodilators: dihydroergotoxine, nicergoline, papaverine, naftidrofuryl and buflomedil on the femoral artery of the dog]. AB - 1. Papaverine (PAP), Naftidrofuryl (NAF), Buflomedil (BUF), Nicergoline (NIC) and Dihydroergotoxine (DIT) were injected in the dog iliac artery at increasing doses (25, 100, 400, 1600 micrograms . kg-1) successively at 10 minutes intervals and the femoral blood flow was measured with an electromagnetic flowmeter. The same volume of saline was injected in the contralateral iliac artery. Heart rate and radial artery pressure were measured and the femoral resistances computed. Noradrenaline (2 microgram . kg-1) was injected before and after the highest dose of vasodilators. 2. The three muscular vasodilators (PAP, BUF, NAF) had an immediate, powerful, dose-dependent but short lasting effect since only after 1600 microgram . kg-1 of PAP, there was still a significant vasodilator effect after the tenth minute. Little or no effect was observed on systemic blood pressure except for the higher doses of these compounds which produced a slight decrease accompanied by a simultaneous tachycardia. 3. The two ergot derivatives NIC and DHT caused a moderate but much longer acting decrease of femoral resistance although 100 micrograms . kg-1 DHT also caused an increase of the femoral resistance. This biphasic effect has been already described on other experimental models. The higher doses of these compounds decreased systemic blood pressure and produced a slight bradycardia as already reported (Boismare and Lefrancois, 1978; Huchet et al., 1981; Moore et al., 1981). The pressor effect of noradrenaline was reversed by NIC and DHT, confirming their alpha adrenoceptor blocking properties. PMID- 7132375 TI - The action of muscarinic agonists and antagonists on frog atrial fibers. Electrophysiological studies. AB - Voltage clamp experiments have been conducted on frog atrial fibers to study the mechanism of the negative inotropic effect induced by muscarinic agonists. The results have shown that muscarinic agonists exert a dual effect: 1.) A reduction of the slow inward current (Is) amplitude; 2.) An increase in the potassium conductance. Dose-effect curves for both Is and K+ extra-current show that the inhibition of Is appears at lower agonist concentrations and can mainly account for the negative inotropic effect. It is suggested that the action of muscarinic agonists may involve one or two types of muscarinic receptors. The slow channel conductance could be controlled by the intracellular cyclic nucleotides concentration (cAMP and cGMP) via a muscarinic receptor (R1) with a high affinity for agonists. The increase in the potassium conductance could be mediated either by an increase in the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration or by a second type of muscarinic receptor (R2) with a lower affinity for muscarinic agonists and controlling a specific potassium channel. PMID- 7132376 TI - [Study of stimulated gastric secretion in the rat using Ghosh and Schild's technic]. PMID- 7132378 TI - Oxygen diffusive shunts under conditions of heterogeneous oxygen delivery. PMID- 7132377 TI - [Method for studying the vascular region of bone]. PMID- 7132379 TI - Theory of biological similarity revisited. PMID- 7132380 TI - Significance of the information content of DNA in mutations and evolution. PMID- 7132381 TI - A more explicit estimate for the "implications of athlete's bradycardia on lifespan". PMID- 7132382 TI - A model for the lymphocyte production pathway in bone marrow. PMID- 7132383 TI - The composition-dependence of the extent of reaction between a multivalent acceptor and a bivalent ligand: implications of self-interaction of the ligand in precipitin effects. PMID- 7132384 TI - A mitotic theory. PMID- 7132385 TI - Development and evolution. PMID- 7132386 TI - Historical biology and the problem of design. PMID- 7132387 TI - Photooxidation and the evolution of circadian rhythmicity. PMID- 7132388 TI - Splicing and transport of eukaryotic mRNAs: a theoretical model. PMID- 7132389 TI - Theoretical requirements for the interpretation of signals of intramuscular tension. PMID- 7132390 TI - The blood-brain barrier: an alternative hypothesis. PMID- 7132391 TI - Genetic coding: approaches to theory construction. PMID- 7132392 TI - The intestinal proliferon hypothesis. PMID- 7132393 TI - The short time scale behaviour of an enzymatic reaction is always stable: comment to a paper by Seshadri and Fritzsch. PMID- 7132394 TI - Influence of 3HTdR on the circadian rhythm--a model analysis for mouse epidermis. PMID- 7132395 TI - Evolutionarily stable levels of altruism in haploid and diploid species. PMID- 7132396 TI - A mathematical approach to the prediction of the rate of penetration of ions in the sweat duct. PMID- 7132397 TI - Theoretical studies of hemoproteins. II. Dynamical behaviour of ligand binding of allosteric proteins. PMID- 7132398 TI - Unstable activator model for size control of the cell cycle. PMID- 7132399 TI - The intestinal proliferon hypothesis. PMID- 7132400 TI - Evaluation of spasmolytic activity of clausmarin-A. a novel coumarin from Clausena pentaphylla (Roxb.) DC. AB - Crude ethanolic (50%) extracts of five species of Clausena exhibited varying degrees of spasmolytic activity on the isolated guinea-pig ileum preparation. The aerial parts of Clausena pentaphylla had maximum activity. Its active principle clausmarin-A, a novel coumarin terpenoid, was evaluated in detail for spasmolytic activity in various in vivo and in vitro test models. The activity of clausmarin A compared favourably with that of papaverine. PMID- 7132401 TI - [The "nivrees", or ichthyotoxic plants of French Guyana]. AB - An attempt to clarify the taxonomy, the biogeography and the ethnobotany of the fishing poisons of Guiana and adjacent countries is presented. Collections have been made for every drug and field-notes concerning all ethnic groups of Guiana. Data are compared with published sources, particularly those of the past centuries. Ichthyotoxic plants have been classified into three groups: rotenone yielding plants (Lonchocarpus, Derris, Tephrosia), saponin-yielding plants (Sapindaceae), and the "kunami" group of plants (Compositae, Euphorbiaceae). For each drug the vernacular names, the synonyms still used, the most notable morphological characteristics are specified, as well as ethnological observations and active constituents when known. Drugs and fishing-related techniques were selected long ago by Amerindians then often diffused through Amazonian countries by mixed-blood populations. PMID- 7132403 TI - Traditional phytotherapy in the Agri Valley, Lucania, southern Italy. PMID- 7132402 TI - Cholesterol-lowering effect of Guatteria gaumeri (preliminary report). PMID- 7132404 TI - Experience with profound hypothermia and circulatory arrest in the treatment of aneurysms of the aortic arch. Aortic arch replacement for acute arch dissections. AB - In a series of 21 consecutive patients, the aortic arch, varying portions of the ascending and descending aorta, and in some the aortic valve were replaced with the aid of a standard method of profound total body hypothermia and circulatory arrest. Fourteen patients underwent elective and seven patients emergency arch replacement. A combination of surface cooling and cardiopulmonary bypass was used to produce total body hypothermia. Replacement of the aortic arch was performed during a single period of circulatory arrest. Cardiopulmonary bypass was utilized for core rewarming. The average cerebral ischemic time was 37 +/- 14 minutes at an average core temperature of 13.7 degrees +/- 1.8 degrees C. The average myocardial ischemic time was 79 +/- 28 minutes with an average duration of cardiopulmonary bypass of 130 +/- 32 minutes. Of the 14 patients undergoing elective operation, three died; of the seven patients undergoing emergency operations, three died (two with ruptured aneurysms and one with acute arch dissection). Fifteen patients are alive and well 2 months to 7 years following the operation. All are free of neurologic sequelae. One has an asymptomatic residual dissection in the descending aorta. This experience indicates that profound total body hypothermia with circulatory arrest is a safe and effective method for elective surgical treatment of enlarging aneurysms of the aortic arch and for emergency treatment of acute dissections if the intimal tear is located in the aortic arch. The technique is simple and produces results superior to those reported for methods which involve selective cerebral perfusion during arch replacement. PMID- 7132405 TI - The relationship between myocardial temperature and recovery after experimental cardioplegic arrest. AB - The aim of this study was to determine the temperature for optimal myocardial preservation during cardioplegic arrest. In isolated canine hearts perfused by a support dog, functional and metabolic recovery was measured after cardioplegic arrest using the St. Thomas' Hospital solution. The temperature range, -2 degrees to 37 degrees C, was studied using a 2 hour arrest period. A 6 hour arrest period was used to enhance differences in the range 4 degrees to 20 degrees C. Cooling to -2 degrees C produced severe mitochondrial damage seen on electron microscopy and zero recovery of function. Reperfusion after 2 hours of arrest at 4 degrees or 15 degrees C was followed by complete functional and metabolic recovery. As the temperature during arrest was raised above 20 degrees C, recovery decreased markedly, culminating in ischemic contracture at 37 degrees C. The severe stress of 6 hours of arrest revealed further increases in protection conferred by stepwise cooling to 4 degrees C. In diseased hearts, long periods of ischemia are less well tolerated than in the normal hearts used in this study. Therefore, the additional protection conferred by cooling to 4 degrees C is of clinical importance. The conclusion is that during cardioplegic arrest, provided freezing is avoided, the lower the myocardial temperature, the better is the protection against ischemia. PMID- 7132406 TI - Benefits of normothermic induction of blood cardioplegia in energy-depleted hearts, with maintenance of arrest by multidose cold blood cardioplegic infusions. AB - This study tests the hypothesis that warm induction of cardioplegia prior to prolonged maintenance by multidose infusions of cold blood cardioplegic solution would increase the tolerance of energy-depleted hearts to subsequent aortic clamping. Eighty percent depletion of subendocardial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was produced in 30 dogs by 45 minutes of normothermic ischemia. This was followed either by unmodified blood reperfusion or 2 additional hours of aortic clamping with multidose cold blood cardioplegia. We compared a brief (5 minute) period of 37 degrees C cardioplegic induction to standard 4 degrees C blood cardioplegic induction to determine if warm induction would enhance metabolic and functional recovery. Warm cardioplegic induction resulted in more oxygen consumption than cold induction (16.9 versus 8.1 cc/100 gm), and lower levels of glucose-6 phosphate (G6P), suggesting better aerobic metabolism (0.97 versus 1.87 microM/gm wet weight). Prompt repletion of creatine phosphate (CP) occurred with warm and cold cardioplegic induction, although ATP levels levels remained low. Hearts undergoing ischemia and unmodified reperfusion consumed insufficient oxygen to meet basal metabolic needs during reperfusion (7 cc/100 gm below requirement) and recovered only 33% +/- 5% of control left ventricular performance. Better function occurred with cold cardioplegic induction (63% +/- 5%), and almost complete recovery (85% +/- 5%) occurred when warm induction of cardioplegia was used. We conclude that warm induction followed by prolonged cold multidose blood cardioplegic arrest enhances aerobic metabolism, results in normal left ventricular performance, and improves tolerance of aortic clamping in energy depleted hearts. PMID- 7132408 TI - Experimental evaluation of magnesium cardioplegia. AB - The effectiveness of magnesium solution in protecting ischemic myocardium was evaluated in a blood-perfused, isolated rabbit papillary muscle preparation. Anoxic cardioplegia was induced by either a control solution containing no magnesium or a test solution containing a magnesium concentration of 160 mEq/L. The magnesium solution induced a very rapid cardiac arrest, less than 1 minute, in contrast to more than 10 minutes with the control solution. Restarting time was not affected by magnesium cardioplegia. Following 30 minutes of anoxic cardioplegia, the magnesium group showed significantly (p less than 0.01) better recovery of myocardial contractility, 91.3% +/- 8.3% (n = 6), than the control group, 77.7% +/- 4.1% (n = 6). These protective effects of magnesium were lost when the ischemic time was longer than 45 minutes. PMID- 7132407 TI - The control of myocardial Ca++ sequestration with nifedipine cardioplegia. AB - Myocardial 45Ca sequestration was studied in dogs after an injection of 45CaCl2 during 60 minutes of global ischemia and 30 minutes of reperfusion using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) at 32 degrees C. Group I (n = 10) received a standard hyperkalemic cardioplegic solution and Group II (n = 10) received the same cardioplegia solution plus nifedipine (100 micrograms/300 cc). After aortic cross-clamping, 300 cc of cardioplegic solution was delivered at 0 and 30 minutes at 4 degrees C. Tissue specific activity (SA = cpm x 10(4)/gm) and plasma specific activity (SA = cpm x 10(4)/ml) were determined before release of the cross-clamp and serially by biopsy during reperfusion. The ratio of tissue SA to plasma SA, termed relative specific activity (RSA), indicates myocardial 45Ca sequestration. Nifedipine led to a marked decrease in sequestration. Group II RSAs were 31.5%, 82.1%, and 39.6% less than Group I RSAs at 0, 20, and 30 minutes of reperfusion. All differences were highly significant (p less than 0.01). During the first 20 minutes of reperfusion, the Group I RSA increased 498% while the Group II RSA increased only 23.8%. A correlation is shown between the decreased calcium sequestration and improved myocardial performance after CPB, demonstrated in previous experiments using nifedipine. Nifedipine in combination with a hypothermic hyperkalemic cardioplegic solution effectively controls myocardial calcium sequestration during 60 minutes of ischemia arrest and the immediate 30 minutes of reperfusion. PMID- 7132409 TI - Adequacy of the perfusate: its influence on successful myocardial protection. AB - The hypothesis tested was that the composition of the prime and the perfusate at the time of reperfusion had an influence on postischemic cardiac performance. Twelve dogs in two equal groups had long (210 +/- 10 minutes) hypothermic (25 degrees +/- 1 degree C) perfusions. Each had 180 minutes of global ischemia and were given 500 ml of the same cold (4 degrees C) cardioplegic solution (CPS) every 45 minutes and topical hypothermia with a resultant average myocardial temperature of 10 degrees +/- 2 degrees C. Group A had a prime (1,958 ml) consisting of a 50/50 mixture of 5% dextrose in water and 5% dextrose in Ringer's injection to which mannitol (12.5 gm), furosemide (20 mg), and heparin (6,000 units) were added. Group B received a prime (1,868 ml) of 5% dextrose in Ringer's injection (1 L) and 750 ml of 6% helastarch in normal saline to which NaHCO3 (10 mEq), furosemide (20 mg), mannitol (25 gm), and heparin (6,000 units) were added. During perfusion, Group A received lactated Ringer's solution and Group B received a 1 : 2 portions of Ringer's injection and 6% helastarch. Additionally, Group B received additional furosemide and mannitol 5 minutes prior to the reperfusion interval. The results showed a marked difference between groups in postischemic cardiac recovery 120 minutes after cessation of cardiopulmonary bypass. The Group B dogs had statistically (less than 0.02) greater cardiac output, stroke volumes, and stroke work index at equal preloads and lower total peripheral resistances. Arterial systolic, diastolic, and mean pressures and right atrial pressures were not different. The Group A dogs required nearly threefold the volume of fluid additions required during bypass and twice the amount of NaHCO3 as Group B dogs. It is concluded that the composition of the prime and fluids used during bypass and use of agents to counteract tissue water accumulation during the ischemic and reperfusion intervals strongly influences postischemic cardiac performance. Further, these data suggest that the composition of the perfusate may have a greater influence on the functional recovery of the heart than the composition of various CPSs. PMID- 7132410 TI - The surgical treatment of ventricular tachycardias. Simple aneurysmectomy versus electrophysiologically guided procedures. AB - Between 1971 and 1982, 41 patients were operated upon for recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia. All but three had severe coronary artery disease with a history of myocardial infarction. In 10 patients (Group I) simple aneurysmectomy with or without aorta-coronary bypass grafting was done. Thirty-one patients (Group II) had an electrophysiologically guided procedure, mainly partial or complete encircling endocardial ventriculotomy (EEV) at the earliest source of electrical activity during ventricular tachycardia. The results in the two groups indicate a clear superiority of electrophysiologically guided procedures over a simple aneurysmectomy regarding early and late disappearance of tachycardiac rhythm problems (p = 0.01); the differences between the two groups in hospital mortality (p = 0.43) and long-term survival are not significant. We compared our data with results in 160 cases of simple aneurysmectomy and 224 cases of electrophysiologically guided operations recently published in the literature. This comparison confirms the higher efficiency of mapping-guided procedures in eradicating ventricular tachycardias. The improvements in hospital and long-term survival, again, are not significant. PMID- 7132411 TI - Reconstruction of the pulmonary outflow tract without prosthetic conduit. AB - New techniques of correction of complex congenital anomalies, avoiding the use of prosthetic conduits, are presented. In transposition of the great arteries (TGA) with ventricular septal defect (VSD) and pulmonary stenosis, the technique comprised the resection of infundibular septum, the suturing of an intraventricular baffle directing blood from the left ventricle to the aorta, and the reconstruction of the pulmonary outflow tract by direct implantation of the posterior rim of the pulmonary arterial trunk on the right ventricle, completed by an anterior patch. In most cases, the pulmonary bifurcation was translated anterior to the ascending aorta. This technique was feasible even in infants and in patients with a small VSD. Thirteen patients, from 3 months to 8 years of age, were treated by this technique, with four deaths, one residual VSD (reoperated), and eight good results (4 to 16 months). A similar repair was used in three cases of double-outlet right ventricle (DORV) with subpulmonic VSD and pulmonary stenosis or pulmonary artery banding, with two operative deaths and one good result. The same technique of pulmonary outflow tract reconstruction was used in four cases of truncus arteriosus. Two deaths were attributed to severe pulmonary regurgitation, a complication which should be prevented in future cases by a reliable method of inserting a valve in the pulmonary outflow tract. In pulmonary atresia with VSD and absent pulmonary trunk, the continuity between the right ventricle and the pulmonary branches was established via an arterial tube resected from the ascending aorta. This technique was successfully used in one child with extremely small pulmonary branches. These preliminary results led us to conclude that many complex congenital cardiac anomalies can be effectively treated without a prosthetic conduit. PMID- 7132412 TI - Cusp disruption by massive lipid infiltration. A rare cause of porcine valve dysfunction. AB - A 68-year-old man underwent reoperation because of severe incompetence of a mitral valve xenograft, 96 months following implantation. Gross examination of the device showed yellow spots on the cusps, suggesting lipid infiltration, and a torn commissure. Plasmatic cholesterol and lipiprotein levels were normal. X-ray examination of the explants showed no calcific deposits. Histologic and electron microscopic studies disclosed massive accumulation of lipid clefts and droplets, predominantly at the level of the tear; focal loss and detachment of the endothelial lining and scanty porcine fibroblasts and collagen bundles with preserved periodicity were also noted. Primary disruption of porcine valvular bioprostheses without significant calcifications or collagen breakdown is uncommon. In the present case, lipid accumulation was the main determinant of tissue failure. PMID- 7132414 TI - Intermittent aortic regurgitation following aortic valve replacement with the Hall-Kaster prosthesis. AB - Intermittent aortic regurgitation (AR) was encountered in four of 160 consecutive patients subjected to aortic valve replacement (AVR) with the Hall-Kaster prosthesis. In all four cases, mechanical obstruction to the free movement of the occluder was carefully excluded. All cases were confirmed at reexploration of the valve. The major orifice of the valve was reorientated with correction of AR. A possible mechanism for this phenomenon is wide opening of the occluder beyond the axis of blood flow, resulting in nonclosure during diastole. Meticulous care should be taken in the orientation of this aortic prosthesis to avoid its opening beyond the axis of flow and resulting in postbypass AR. PMID- 7132413 TI - Review of 387 isolated mitral valve replacements by the Model 6120 Starr-Edwards prosthesis. AB - Between February, 1965, and July, 1980, 387 patients underwent an isolated mitral valve replacement with the non-cloth covered Starr-Edwards ball valve (Model 6120) at the University of Louvain. The mean age of the patients was 48.765 years. The overall operative mortality was 6.1%. The mean age of the patients who died was 52.3 years and all but four were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Class III or IV. The actuarial survival rate is 78% at 5 years after operation, 72% at 10 years, and 70% at 13 years. The overall incidence of thromboembolic complications is 3.4% per patient-year with a total follow-up of 1,675 patient-years. Valve dysfunction has never occurred, and endocarditis, hemolysis, and paravalvular leakage have never reached a significant incidence. Hemodynamics investigations show a residual diastolic gradient of 6.6 mm Hg for the size 3M valves and 7.92 mm Hg for the size 2M valves. These current data over an extended follow-up interval (15 years) indicate that the Starr-Edwards Model 6120 prosthesis continues to perform satisfactorily in terms of mortality and morbidity, and there have been no instance of late failure due to valve dysfunction. PMID- 7132415 TI - Postinfarction cardiac rupture. AB - This paper records an experience of 42 cases of cardiac rupture or syndromes simulating rupture. These include free wall rupture, hemopericardium without rupture, septal rupture associated with free wall rupture, pseudoaneurysm, and septal rupture. These groups constitute a series of syndromes with many features in common in terms of clinical presentation, difficulty in assessment, timing of operative intervention, and operative management. Free wall rupture, which can be simulated by hemopericardium without rupture, is not always rapidly fatal. Successful intervention was achieved in six of the 13 cases in the free wall group. Ventricular septal defect occurs less frequently than free wall rupture, is more easily diagnosed, and less frequently requires urgent medical intervention. In 12 of the 14 cases of acute rupture, stabilization of the patient by conservative measures could not be achieved and operation was undertaken within 1 week of infarction. There were seven survivors, in four of whom the defect reopened, with successful reoperation in three. In the remaining 15 cases, stabilization by conservative measures was achieved and operation was delayed until at least 2 weeks after infarction. There were 14 survivors and only one instance of reopening of the defect. PMID- 7132416 TI - How should clear cardioplegia be administered? A method of rapid arrest with high flow and pressure. AB - Most of the currently described methods of administering cardioplegia appear to be less than optimal because of low flows utilized and slow cardiac arrest evolving over a period of several minutes. This may account for some reports of suboptimal protection, namely ventricular dysfunction and elevation of cardiac isoenzymes in the blood following operation. A method of pressurized injection of clear cardioplegic solution with immediate cardiac arrest (6 to 4.1 seconds) is described. The technique utilizes a 16 Fr. cannula under a driving pressure of 300 mm Hg, which gives an aortic root pressure of 80 to 105 mm Hg (mean 98 mm Hg). Monitoring of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), creatine kinase (CK) MB, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH1 and LDH2) isoenzymes was carried out in 200 consecutive cases of aorta-coronary bypass. Myocardial infarct index (MII), calculated from the CK disappearance value, measured a mean of 5.3. Peak value of CK-MB occurred immediately after operation (2 hours) and ranged from 10.2 +/- 2.6 IU for 30 minutes of ischemia to 13.3 +/- 4.2 IU for 61 minutes, gradually decreasing to less than 2 IU in 48 hours. None of the patients required inotropic agents postoperatively and 89.9% had spontaneous re-establishment of normal cardiac beat following coronary reperfusion. The electrocardiogram (ECG) failed to show any detectable myocardial infarction during this period of time. The system satisfactorily protected the heart for up to 70 minutes of ischemia. The total amount of cardioplegic solution used for 60 minutes measured 1,200 +/- 200 ml. Myocardial temperature dropped to 15 degrees C within 12 +/- 4.3 seconds. The method more closely approximates the ideal flows and pressures for the coronary vascular bed and size of the adult human heart. PMID- 7132417 TI - Suture obliteration of the circumflex coronary artery in three patients undergoing mitral valve operation. Role of left dominant or codominant coronary artery. AB - Three patients, two undergoing mitral valve replacement and one a mitral valve annuloplasty with a Carpentier-Edwards ring, had suture obliteration of the circumflex coronary artery. Examination of the distance of the circumflex artery from the mitral anulus in 15 specimens showed a direct correlation to the type of coronary dominance. That is, left dominance (4.1 mm, range 3 to 6.5) or codominance (5.5 mm, range 4.5 to 7.5), where the posterior descending artery arises from the circumflex, was associated with greater proximity to the mitral anulus than right dominance (8.4 mm, range 6 to 11.5). Two of our patients had left dominance and one codominance, predisposing them to circumflex injury. Factors that identify patients at high risk for such injury are therefore left dominance and codominance. Surgeons forewarned with this information can now focus on the proximal third of the circumflex--the area most predisposed to injury. PMID- 7132418 TI - Ischemic injury to the brachial plexus following subclavian flap aortoplasty. AB - An ischemic brachial plexus lesion developed 6 days postoperatively in an infant undergoing subclavian flap aortoplasty for coarctation. To our knowledge, this complication has never been previously reported. Types of postoperative brachial plexus lesions are discussed. The blood supply to the brachial plexus is described. An ischemic lesion of the plexus should be suspected when brachial palsy follows operations that involve sacrifice of the subclavian artery. PMID- 7132419 TI - Transatrial correction of origin of both great vessels from right ventricle with pulmonary hypertension. AB - The operative treatment of seven patients with origin of both great vessels from the right ventricle plus pulmonary hypertension is discussed. Except for one patient with an atrioventricular canal type of ventricular septal defect (VSD), all patients had subaortic VSDs. All had transatrial repair, and none died. The clinical and operative findings and the merits of a transatrial approach are discussed. PMID- 7132421 TI - [The effect of epidural analgesia in labour upon serum catecholamine levels]. AB - The serum levels of catecholamines were determined in 26 healthy parturients. Epidural analgesia was given in 13 cases, while the remaining women were given classic parenteral analgesia and served as controls. The blood samples were taken before analgesia and after delivery and also from the clamped umbilical vein from the newborn after delivery. There was a statistically significant decrease of catecholamine levels in the epidural group and a slight increase in the control group. There were no differences among the newborns. PMID- 7132420 TI - [The frequency of bacteriuria in pregnancy]. AB - The authors present the results of a bacteriological urine analysis of 1774 pregnant women controlled in the Gynecological Dispensary Pescenica in Zagreb. In 2824 examined urine specimens sterile urinocultures were found in 67.6% and bacteriuria in 32.4%. Significant findings of bacteriuria were recorded in 10.5% and insignificant ones in 21.9% of the specimens. The most common bacteria were E. coli (45.24%), then Staphylococcus albus epidermidis (17.4%), Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus (14.64%), Proteus mirabilis (9.39%), and Enterococcus (5.24%). Urine specimens were taken by the dip slide method. A rather high percentage of significant asymptomatic bacteriurias (10.5%) suggests the early detection and therapy in urinary infections as the best prevention of pyelonephritis gravidarum and gestosis. A routine bacteriological urine analysis in pregnant women should be one of the factors included in prenatal care. PMID- 7132422 TI - [Morphology of prematures' placenta]. AB - The author examined the placentas of 165 (16 immature and 149 premature) infants. Pathologic changes were observed in 145 cases (87.88%), i.e. a premature ageing of the placenta (with small fibrotic villi), a thrombus underneath the foetal membranes, inflammation, and decidual hematoma. These changes are considered to play a role in the etiology of premature deliveries. Since deliveries are very often completed quickly, the author does not think that these changes are the consequence of premature delivery. PMID- 7132423 TI - [Ultrasound diagnosis of early pregnancy failures]. AB - A total of 754 patients with suspected abnormal intrauterine pregnancy and ectopic pregnancy were examined by ultrasound in 1979 and 1980. The correlation between clinical, laboratory and ultrasound findings was made. Plasma hCG levels are shown to be valid in the differentiation between nonpregnant cases and normal intrauterine pregnancies and ectopic cases but not between intrauterine early pregnancy failures and ectopic pregnancies. In the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy, ultrasound, in combination with the plasma hCG determination and, in some cases, with laparoscopic findings, is a very useful method. According to the results obtained, ultrasound is the method of choice for the detection of early pregnancy failures: missed abortion, blighted ovum, incomplete abortion, and hydatidiform mole. PMID- 7132424 TI - [Persisting suppression of hyperprolactinemia after bromcriptine withdrawal]. AB - The 22-years old patient with secondary amenorrhea, galactorrhea and macroprolactinoma of hypophysis was observed. After the therapy with Parlodel, which lasted 34 months, her menstrual cycle became regular and the level of prolactin was normal. The quantity of Parlodel used daily for the normalization of prolactin was 20 mg at the beginning, and only 2,5 mg later on. This quantity was taken intermittently, only until the ovulation. She conceived 5 months after therapy withdrawal. During the pregnancy period, prolactin in serum was not higher then physiological value. The pregnancy did not cause any growth of tumor. After the delivery and the break of lactation, hyperprolactinemia persisted, but only 29,1-34,4% of the value before the beginning of the therapy. PMID- 7132425 TI - [Evaluation of the results of induced, stimulated, and other labour]. AB - A total of 1229 deliveries in 1981 were analysed for the effect of the induction of labour on its duration, way of completion, and the newborn's vitality. It has been found that induction significantly reduces the duration of labour in primiparae, and in multiparae in particular. In induced labour vacuum extractor (P less than 0.010) and cesarean section (P less than 0.001) and in stimulated labour vacuum extractor (P less than 0.001) are more frequently used. The vitality of children is significantly lower in induced labour (Apgar 8-10: P less than 0.020; Apgar 4-7: P less than 0.010). Stimulation does not influence the distribution of the frequency of children according to the gestation age. There are no unsuccessful induced deliveries but only incorrect indications. PMID- 7132426 TI - [Analysis of 1022 ectopic pregnancies in the last 20 years]. PMID- 7132427 TI - [Advantages and disadvantages of IUD insertion immediately after abortion]. AB - In 672 women the interval insertion of intrauterine contraception devices (IUD) was applied: Lippes loop D in 138 women. In 530 women the insertion was applied immediately after artificial abortion: Lippes loop C in 390 and Lippes loop D in 140 cases. Data on the effectiveness of intrauterine contraception were biostatistically treated. One- and two-year gross cumulative rates of pregnancy were 4.4 and 6.4, respectively 3.7 and 6.3 for the interval insertion of Lippes loop C and D, and 2.1 and 4.5, respectively 4.2 and 11.2 for the postabortion insertion of the same devices. Two-year cumulative rates of spontaneous expulsions of 18.5 and 8.1 for interval insertions were significantly higher than in the group of women in whom the insertion of the same devices was performed immediately after abortion and in whom these rates were 11.1 and 5.9. The removal of intrauterine contraception devices because of bleeding and pain, or because of both, with the rates of 6.4 and 3.2 in 100 women after a two-year use, was less frequent in the group of women in whom interval insertion was performed than in the group of postabortion insertions with the corresponding rates of 7.3 and 9.9, respectively. To prevent repeated abortions, a frequent use of postabortion IUD insertion is recommended. Only when an intensified bleeding is expected, it is advisable to postpone insertion at least until the first menstruation. PMID- 7132428 TI - [Cervical pregnancy]. PMID- 7132429 TI - [Role of team work in preventing the birth of abnormal children]. AB - In diagnosing and preventing the birth of abnormal children the authors stress the necessity of team work of different specialists and their centralisation at the University complex or hospitals. The results of such a team work organised at the Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Ljubljana and their experience in detecting some of monogenic, chromosome, and etiologically unknown disorders are presented, as well as the results of the follow-up of certain cases. The value of team work in genetic counselling is also pointed out. PMID- 7132430 TI - Primary hyperparathyroidism associated with hypernephroma: a diagnostic challenge. AB - During the past 16 years, in which 1,600 patients were surgically treated for primary hyperparathyroidism, 10 of these patients also were operated on for hypernephroma; in another patient a hypernephroma was detected 7 2/3 years after treatment for hyperparathyroidism. Four additional patients have elevated serum calcium and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone values after nephrectomy for hypernephroma, and a provisional diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism has been made in these patients. Thus, the occurrence in the same patient of two disorders that may have similar biochemical abnormalities produced by similar pathophysiologic mechanisms provides a unique diagnostic challenge to the physician. The correct diagnosis of these occasionally associated disorders is facilitated by a high degree of alertness and the performance of adequate renal radiographic procedures. These should include excretory urography in patients with persistent hypercalcemia unless the procedure is contraindicated. PMID- 7132431 TI - Daily and seasonal variation in sudden cardiac death, Rochester, Minnesota, 1950 1975. AB - Incidence cases of coronary heart disease that occurred in Rochester, Minnesota, during the years 1950 through 1975 were used for a study of the distribution of sudden cardiac death (1,054 cases) by day of the week and season of the year. Overall, sudden cardiac death--that is, death within 24 hours of onset of symptoms--occurred with greater frequency on Saturdays than on other days of the week. The frequency of occurrence of sudden cardiac death by season varied somewhat--the highest frequency was in winter and the lowest in summer-- but no more than expected by chance. Among males, there was a decreasing trend by day of the week from Saturday to Friday, and this was so for those with and those without a history of coronary heart disease (P less than 0.01). PMID- 7132432 TI - Remarks at the commencement exercises of Mayo Medical School. PMID- 7132433 TI - Increase of cell surface hyaluronic acid during aging in human liver cells. PMID- 7132434 TI - Age dependency of DNA repair in rats after DNA damage by carcinogens. AB - Damage to DNA seems to be an important cause of cancer and to play a role in aging. Much of this damage results from the action of chemical agents in the environment. These chemicals provide a chance to study DNA repair mechanisms and to construct a model for the investigation of changes in repair with aging. To damage the DNA of male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 6, 22-24 and 24-26 months, three carcinogens were used: N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU), methyl methane sulfonate (MMS) and N,N-dimethyl-nitrosamine (DMN). DNA repair was measured as unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) in ten (MNU and DMN) and five (MMS) different organs. MNU and MMS react with DNA without being first metabolized and show a higher UDS in lower concentration than DMN which is metabolized enzymatically prior to the reaction. This result suggests that MNU and MMS produce more damage in the DNA. There are distinct differences in the spleen, lung, liver, kidney and heart in young animals as well as in the tissues of the kidney and the duodenum in old rats. Clearly we can see a reduction of UDS in the old as compared to the young animals after damage by MNU in the skin, lung, brain and heart, by MMS in the heart and liver, and by DMN in the kidney, duodenum, lung and liver, and by all three mutagens in the spleen and testes. These results confirm those obtained after damaging DNA by means of gamma- and UV-irradiation. PMID- 7132435 TI - Variant forms of immunoreactive thyrotropin in aged rats. PMID- 7132436 TI - A commentary to the paper entitled: Diameters of erythrocytes of different ages measured by scanning electron microscopy (T. Vomel, D. Platt and W. Strobelt). PMID- 7132438 TI - Age-related changes in normal human basement membrane. AB - Basement membranes were studied in the seminiferous tubules of the male, and capillaries of the pectoralis muscles in "normal" males and females. Age-related changes in basement membrane thickness were investigated on electromicrographs by quantitative morphometry. Specimens obtained from either autopsies or surgical procedures were divided into four different age groups ranging from age 16 to age 87 years. The results show a statistically significant increase in the basement membrane thickness correlated with age, in basement membranes associated with both mesenchymal (capillaries) and epithelial (testes) tissue. A comparison of capillary basement membrane in the pectoralis muscle and seminiferous tubule basement membrane in the male show a constant increase in thickness until the age of 60 years, following which only slight increases were noted. The basement membrane thickness in capillaries of the pectoralis muscle in females showed linear increases throughout the lifespan, although at a lower rate than in the male; at age 80 years, it had the same thickness as the male. A comparison of basement membrane thickness between the youngest and oldest groups showed an increase of approximately 50% in all tissues studied. PMID- 7132437 TI - Stimulation of renal sodium excretion in mature rats. AB - In adult rats a saline load is followed by an increase in renal excretion of sodium and by a low rate of ion exchange (hydrogen ions and potassium for sodium), caused by inhibited aldosterone secretion. Under analogous conditions a saline load provoked sodium retention and a distinct increase in renal excretion of hydrogen ions and potassium in young rats, which can be explained by a non regulated, very intensive ion exchange. The repeated administration of NaCl solution alone and in combination with cyclopenthiazide produced an accelerated maturation of kidney function in 10- and 33-day-old rats measurable by an increase in sodium excretion and reduced ion exchange. In adult rats as well as immediately after birth (5-day-old rats) this effect cannot be provoked by the various pretreatments acting in mature rats. PMID- 7132439 TI - Ageing in vivo does not alter the kinetics of DNA strand break repair. AB - The alkaline elution technique has been used to measure the apparent rate constant for repair of DNA strand breaks induced by X-radiation in human transformed lymphocyte DNA. Repair follows first-order kinetics and is essentially complete within 60 min. Although biological variation is observed there is no significant change in rate of repair with age of lymphocyte donor. In light of this it is unlikely that age-associated changes in DNA which have been widely observed arise from a changed persistence of strand breaks. PMID- 7132441 TI - Some precautions in the use of time-domain dielectric spectroscopy with biological and other lossy dielectrics. PMID- 7132440 TI - The use of in vivo-in vitro labeling techniques to study phospholipid fatty acid turnover and fatty acid esterification into triglycerides in adipose tissue of aging mice. AB - We are interested in membrane phospholipid and triglyceride synthesis and turnover in aging cells. As a preliminary, short-term feasibility study we have used an established in vivo-in vitro technique to estimate the initial rates of [1-14C] palmitate (complexed to albumin) esterification to triglycerides and phospholipids in adipocytes and non-adipocytes in the epididymal fat pads of aging mice (8-92 weeks). We have expressed our data in terms of unit cell, unit triglyceride mass and unit (membrane) phospholipid mass. Fat pad and adipocyte size, cell surface area, and adipocyte volume changes were measured and found to follow the same relations as reported in the literature, with some exceptions in very old mice (retired breeders). Rates of fatty acid esterification to triglycerides were about 100 times faster than those to phospholipids in adipocytes. Aging caused a marked fall in the rates of triglyceride fatty acid formation from added palmitate; thus, the rate of fatty acid esterification to triglycerides fell from 0.75 to 0.13 nequiv. fatty acid per min per fat pad (youngest most active group, cf. oldest group). Esterification of fatty acids into phospholipids in adipocytes of the oldest mice was significantly lower than in those of the young and middle-aged groups. Contamination of adipocytes by non adipocytes was observed in fat pads from old, but not from young, mice. The non adipocytes accounted for about half of the phospholipid fatty acid esterification. The rate of phospholipid esterification was so slow in adipocytes (all ages) and so relatively fast in non-adipocytes that further studies of phospholipid fatty acid turnover in adipocytes using this system are not considered feasible, especially as a means for studying removal rates of autoxidized fatty acids from membrane phospholipids in vivo during aging. PMID- 7132442 TI - Camera speeds for normal and pathological gait analyses. PMID- 7132443 TI - Simple equipment to measure biomechanical quantities of muscles and organs which includes a polarity-programmable peak detector. PMID- 7132445 TI - Computer-simulated object for testing principles for radiographic reproduction of slices, applied to ectomography. PMID- 7132444 TI - Ultrahigh-energy hydrogen thyratron/SCR bidirectional waveform defibrillator. PMID- 7132446 TI - Measurement of water loss in exercising animals using an electronic humidity detector. PMID- 7132447 TI - Hardware cone cell model; operational characteristics. PMID- 7132448 TI - Evaluation of alternative model structures of metabolic systems: two case studies on model identification and validation. PMID- 7132449 TI - On the spread of deformation potentials in the skin. PMID- 7132450 TI - Drift-free electronic integrator for respiration studies. PMID- 7132451 TI - Simple design for an impedence plethysmograph. PMID- 7132452 TI - First heart sound spectra in relation to anterior mitral-leaflet closing velocity. PMID- 7132453 TI - The use of the singular value decomposition in electrocardiography. PMID- 7132454 TI - Raster-scan method for observing physiological entrainment phenomena. PMID- 7132455 TI - Measurement of pressure under the foot during function. PMID- 7132456 TI - Classification of the electromyogram by a pattern-recognition method. PMID- 7132457 TI - Magnetic and electric fields produced during pulsed-magnetic-field therapy for non-union of the tibia. PMID- 7132458 TI - Wideband compander system for biological signals. PMID- 7132460 TI - Rotating treadmill for the continuous measurement of anterior-posterior forces during walking. PMID- 7132459 TI - Measurement of respiratory flow by inductance pneumography. PMID- 7132461 TI - Microprocessor-based controller for in-series cardiac assistance. PMID- 7132462 TI - Optical method for haematocrit determination. PMID- 7132463 TI - Social networks, beliefs, and the decision to seek medical care: an analysis of congruent and incongruent patterns. AB - This article focuses on the impact of congruent and incongruent patterns of symptom specific beliefs and social network advice on the decision to seek medical care for symptoms. Data from 769 individuals who reported symptoms in the Los Angeles Health Survey are used to examine this issue. Further, the role of more general health orientations and social network influences in the decision to seek care is examined under these congruent and incongruent conditions. It is concluded that the more general factors, which have little effect on the aggregate, may play a role in decision making when beliefs and advice are incongruent. Further, it is concluded that reports of beliefs and advice about specific symptoms that have been given after the decision has been made to seek care may be valid and not the result of retrospective reconstruction. PMID- 7132464 TI - Improving physician compliance with preventive medicine guidelines. AB - Similar general medical outpatient clinics with randomly assigned patients were used to evaluate the effectiveness of a program that was to increase house staff compliance with preventive medicine guidelines. Two clinics were designated experimental and two served as controls. In the experimental clinics, age specific checklists of all recommended preventive procedures (drawn from the Canadian Task Force report on The Periodic Health Examination and American Cancer Society guidelines) were appended to each patient's chart. In addition, house officers were presented with a series of weekly seminars dealing with issues in screening, as well as the specific recommendations included in the checklist. House officers in all four clinics were tested for their knowledge and attitudes toward the preventive program before and after the intervention. Counts of immunizations and mammograms performed and the total populations eligible for these procedures were determined for all four clinics. As predicted, test scores as well as mammography and immunization rates increased significantly (from 2-40 per cent) in the intervention clinics as compared with controls. We conclude that this intervention was clearly effective in the short run. However, follow-up studies will be necessary to determine whether the desired long-term effect has been achieved. PMID- 7132465 TI - A description of a means of improving ambulatory care in a large municipal teaching hospital: a new role for nurse practitioners. AB - We describe a nurse practitioner program that has improved ambulatory care in a large municipal teaching hospital. The significant feature of this program is an expanded role for nurse practitioners in the follow-up of patients with complicated illnesses. Benefits of this program include improved continuity of care and an easing of the house staff's service burden. Similar use of nurse practitioners at other municipal teaching hospitals would be a useful approach to problems in quality of care and continuity of care. PMID- 7132466 TI - Spending time with patients: the impact of organizational structure on medical practice. AB - This article assesses whether the amount of time that physicians spend overall, in the office, and in the hospital per patient visit depends upon the organizational structure of the physician's practice (i.e., does the physician practice in the fee-for-service system or in an HMO, and if in an HMO, in what type of an HMO). Data pooled from two national studies (N = 2.521) reveal several interesting patterns, including: 1) on all measures, solo physicians spend more time per patient visit than physicians in group practice; 2) overall and in the office, internists spend more time per patient visit than general practitioners; 3) overall and in the hospital, obstetricians-gynecologists spend more time per patient visit than general practitioners; 4) overall and in the office, physicians in prepaid group practices spend less time per patient visit than physicians in fee-for-service group practices; 5) overall and in the office, physicians reimbursed on a straight salary basis spend more time per patient visit than nonsalaried physicians; and, 6) in the hospital, physicians in staff model HMOs spend more time per patient visit than physicians in fee-for-service group practice. The implications of these findings for future studies of the effects of organizational structure on medical practice are discussed. PMID- 7132467 TI - Anxiety and depression in elderly and dying patients. PMID- 7132468 TI - Arthritis in the elderly. PMID- 7132469 TI - Drugs in the elderly. PMID- 7132470 TI - Narcotics in the elderly. PMID- 7132471 TI - Terminal care: the national scene and the individual patient. PMID- 7132472 TI - Symposium on clinical pharmacology of symptom control. PMID- 7132473 TI - [Decreased number of gallstone operations in Skaraborg county during 1970]. PMID- 7132474 TI - [Medical experiences from the defense military exercise "Northern Lights": the biggest exercise of health care. Valuable experiences should give higher quality]. PMID- 7132475 TI - [The effect of estrogen on the lower urinary tract in women]. PMID- 7132476 TI - [Lymphangiectasis--an unusual disease with varying radiologic and clinical manifestations]. PMID- 7132477 TI - [Patient transportation by helicopter--an illustrative case]. PMID- 7132479 TI - [The frozen shoulder--a mysterious pain]. PMID- 7132478 TI - [Lead poisoning in metal blasting and burning--wrong information about safety equipment]. PMID- 7132480 TI - [Postoperative wound infections--care at the clinic for infectious diseases]. PMID- 7132482 TI - [Uric acid and arthritis in Australia. Purified plant extract from meadow saffron is a good preparation against acute gout attacks]. PMID- 7132481 TI - [Survey of arterial surgery in Sweden. There are great differences between regions]. PMID- 7132483 TI - [Electroconvulsive therapy - a review]. PMID- 7132485 TI - [Nutrition problem in cancer patients: what role do acquired food aversions play?]. PMID- 7132484 TI - [Therapy of orthopedic infections. Cooperation between the orthopedist and the physician treating infection]. PMID- 7132486 TI - [Advantages to patients having dialysis at county hospitals]. PMID- 7132488 TI - [Teenage girls smoke more than boys of the same age in most countries]. PMID- 7132487 TI - [Datura stranionium poisoning]. PMID- 7132490 TI - [Tobacco-induced cancer in different countries--a study on lung cancer was misleading]. PMID- 7132489 TI - [Whooping cough and whooping cough vaccination - a dilemma of the vaccination policy]. PMID- 7132491 TI - [Smoking has essential importance for mortality in many diseases]. PMID- 7132493 TI - [Practical guidelines for electroconvulsive therapy]. PMID- 7132494 TI - [Is chemical warfare of immediate interest? The paper of the Swedish National Defence Research Institute informs about the C-weapon]. PMID- 7132492 TI - [Cytochemical assessment of malignancy of breast tumor]. PMID- 7132495 TI - [Obscure symptoms complicate the diagnosis of brain abscess]. PMID- 7132496 TI - [There is no decline of traffic accident injuries in children as car passengers]. PMID- 7132497 TI - [Psychiatry in geriatric care is discussed. There is more to be desired for future design]. PMID- 7132498 TI - [Tip toe gait in children]. PMID- 7132499 TI - [Moire topography-a non-invasive method for diagnosis and documentation of scolioses in screening of children]. PMID- 7132500 TI - [Health education and health care campaign in primary care, school, working life]. PMID- 7132501 TI - [The Swedish dense organisation agrees to cooperation with health services. Do the health organization participate in the purchase of helicopters?]. PMID- 7132502 TI - [The general practitioner should have a wide diagnostic register]. PMID- 7132503 TI - [Rings of white dots in the fundus oculi in patients with Sjogren-Larsson syndrome]. PMID- 7132505 TI - [The significance of cryotherapy for the treatment of benign and malignant mouth mucosal changes]. AB - Leukoplakia and haemangioma of the oral mucosa can be removed by cryosurgery with excellent success. Cryosurgical treatment of mucosal carcinoma should only be applied if the chances for an operation are restricted by certain factors, for instance poor general condition of the patient or haemorrhagic diathesis. The advantages of cryotherapy as applied to the oral mucosa rest in the bloodless application of this technique and in the possibility to heal, with tender scar formation, mucosal changes even of large dimensions, provided they grow superficially. PMID- 7132504 TI - [Head and neck cancers. What's new in clinical oncology for the practicing ENT physician?]. AB - An interdisciplinary evaluation is made of the most common forms of head and neck cancer, with emphasis on certain aspects.--In the field of x-ray diagnostics, computed tomography dominates varying importance being given to the individual organs. Nuclear medicine pays particular attention to skeletal scintigraphy and gallium scintigraphy. In radiation therapy, progress has been made especially through the use of optimal radiation planning as well as the use of the after loading technique and neutron radiation. Antineoplastic chemotherapy is currently being used as palliative treatment, adjuvant chemotherapy and as the first step towards a curative therapy. PMID- 7132506 TI - [Low-frequency hearing of the worker exposed to noise]. PMID- 7132507 TI - [Use of a body acoustic probe and the conduction of brain stem potentials for the determination of sound conduction during tympanoplasty]. AB - A new procedure of evoking brain stem potentials is introduced. Contrary to evoking brain stem potentials by acoustic stimulation via earphone or loudspeaker, we touch the middle ear apparatus at various locations using a piezoelectric transducer with a screwed-on probe, thus causing physiological movements within the sound conducting structures (Fig. 3). As a reaction to this kind of stimulation--1000 clicks with a duration of 0.1 ms were given--far field brain stem potentials can be recorded. The calibration of this special sound probe--not bigger than a pencil (Fig. 1)--was made by equalizing the mechanically and acoustically evoked guinea-pig brain stem potentials (Fig. 2). The intraoperative control of sound transmission to the inner ear is ascertained by the mechanically evoked potential's latency and amplitude. In order to apply the procedure in tympanoplasty we made a number of recordings after having simulated various kinds of middle ear pathology in the guinea pig. Four cases of various kinds of ear disease (interruption of the ossicular chain - Fig. 4 -, soft tissue bridge between incus and stapes - Fig. 5 -, otosclerosis - Fig. 6 -, Torp prosthesis - Fig. 7 -) are presented. As a result of our intraoperative recordings we can demonstrate that the presented method may be a valuable contribution to the examination of acoustic transmission through the middle ear during tympanoplasty under general anesthesia. PMID- 7132508 TI - [Time resolution ability of the ear in presbycusis and sensorineural hearing disorders]. AB - In psychoacoustical and electrophysiological experiments the time resolution ability in monaural and binaural hearing was investigated for defined signal parameters. The binaural stimulation is characterized by signals of different structure (dichotic stimulation). With regard to different functional changes in the peripheral and central areas of the hearing organ caused by presbycusis, these investigations confirm that there are similar changes in time resolution processes which may influence speech discrimination in presbycusis to a high degree. In patients with sensorineural hearing loss time resolution ability was reduced only slightly. No defined correlation between lack of time resolution ability and type or degree of hearing loss could be established. PMID- 7132509 TI - [What effect does ligation of the large neck arteries have on cochlear potentials?]. AB - In guinea-pigs the course of summating potentials (SP) is observed. After the potentials have been identified by their typical form, their sensitivity to a reduction of oxygen, damage by streptomycin and adaptation to excessive noise, the quantity of the SP after ligature of the main neck arteries is recorded. After ligature of the external carotid arteries, the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries on both sides, the SP remain active. This is presumably caused by anastomoses between the external carotid and subclavian arteries, the subclavian and spinal arteries, the external carotid and basilar arteries, and the double origin of the vertebral arteries on both sides. The subclavian arteries and the common carotid arteries can be ligated on both sides in random order. The SP remain almost unchanged as long as one vessel is open. PMID- 7132510 TI - [The dynamic behavior of inner ear fluids]. AB - To study the movement of the endolymph and the exchange of substances between serum and endolymph or perilymph, fluorescent dyestuffs were applied directly into the endolymph of the cochlear duct or were given intraperitoneally. In addition, glucose concentrations in endolymph and perilymph were determined after experimental alteration of blood glucose levels. The bulk flow of the endolymph in the cochlear duct in the direction towards the saccule is much quicker in the basal coil than has been described up to now. At the base of the cochlea the perilymph of the scala tympani hardly shows any movement. Fluorescein applied parenterally was demonstrated in the upper coils of the scala tympani more intensively than in the scala vestibuli. In the basal portion of the scala tympani it is practically undetectable. The changes in the glucose concentration of the endolymph were less than in the perilymph. The movement (bulk flow) of the inner ear fluids and the exchange of different substances from the serum is different in the cochlea not only between endolymph and perilymph but also between basal and the apical parts. PMID- 7132511 TI - Sclerosing lesions of the temporal bone. AB - Sclerosis of the mastoid portion of the temporal bone is often seen on radiographs of patients who have or have had chronic otitis media. Occasionally lesions are seen that cause sclerosis of the entire temporal bone. The otolaryngologist must be alert to the fact that these findings may signify important pathology beyond that of chronic otitis media and indeed may be indicative of life threatening problems in adjacent or distant areas. In this paper the differential diagnoses of sclerotic lesions of the temporal bone will be discussed. These include fibrous dysplasia, osteopetrosis, meningioma, ossifying fibroma and metastatic lesions to the temporal bone. Three representative cases with sclerotic temporal bones are presented. The first is a patient with a conductive hearing loss secondary to stenosis of the external auditory canal. He was found to have a fibrous dysplasia of the temporal bone. The second case is an elderly male with a draining ear and a facial nerve paresis. He was found to have adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland metastatic to the temporal bone. The third case is that of a woman with a meningioma who demonstrated a sclerotic temporal bone on routine radiographs of the skull. PMID- 7132512 TI - An assessment of grafts in the posterior cricoid lamina. AB - Subglottic stenosis is a recognized complication of prolonged intubation. To date, there is no uniformly successful operative procedure for severe subglottic stenosis, fulfilling the criteria of decannulation and a serviceable voice. The surgical ideals for such a procedure should include the use of autogenous grafting material, avoidance of internal stenting, and limited manipulation of the mucosa. This study was intended to assess the fate of isolated hyoid and thyroid alar grafts interposed in the posterior cricoid lamina. Additionally, anterior/posterior splits with and without anterior grafting were evaluated. Seventeen dogs were used in the determinate animal model. Vocal cord mobility was evaluated by direct laryngoscopy prior to sacrifice. Graphic gross anatomical specimens depict the effects of anterior/posterior splitting on the cricoid cartilage. Clinical correlations are suggested. PMID- 7132513 TI - Trachea stoma vent voice prosthesis. AB - Having been in use for the past couple of years, the "duckbill" valved Silastic tube developed by Blom and Singer is well established as a device for vocal rehabilitation of the laryngectomee. The newer "voice button" prosthesis developed by Panje incorporates a similar vale in Silastic. Neither of these devices can be used with tracheal stomal stenosis or with a deep tracheal stoma behind prominent sternomastoid muscles. The ritual of taping the Blom-Singer prosthesis and the frequent failure of the tape to hold are other distinct disadvantages. Limitations are imposed on patient selection with the Panje prosthesis because of the rigid dimensions and the possibility of aspiration of the device, as well as the necessity for manual dexterity on the part of the patient. A new device has been fashioned utilizing the "duckbill" Silastic tube as a valve attached to a new type of trachea stoma button. This appears to have universal application, is not difficulty to change, requires no taping, and is self-maintaining. There is no possibility of aspiration. The device is simple and appears to overcome many of the disadvantages of the other two. The tracheal esophageal puncture must be made in a cephalad direction so that the tracheal air diverted through the prosthesis will be directed toward the pharynx and not toward the esophagus. Prostheses directed caudad will not function and those patients should be repunctured. PMID- 7132515 TI - Raeder's syndrome associated with internal carotid artery dilation and sinusitis. AB - Raeder's syndrome consists of ipsilateral ptosis, miosis and facial pain with intact facial sweating. When not associated with other neurologic signs, the clinical course of this conditions is self-limited. Patients will have resolution of facial pain but persistence of miosis and ptosis. Treatment is symptomatic with arteriography reserved for those patients with protracted symptoms or atypical presentations. A case of Raeder's paratrigeminal syndrome is presented with abnormal dilation of the subcavernous portion of the internal carotid artery thought to be secondary to inflammation of the adjacent sphenoid sinus. Facial pain and the abnormal dilation of the carotid artery resolved, but miosis and ptosis persisted. Because of the therapeutic indication and prognostic value, an awareness of Raeder's syndrome is stressed when evaluating patients with facial pain or possible Horner's syndrome. PMID- 7132514 TI - Rhinocerebral mucormycosis: predisposing factors. AB - Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is, with few exceptions, only reported in patients with severe metabolic or immunologic imbalances. Factors which may predispose to the development of mucormycosis are reviewed. These factors include ketoacidosis and immunologic deficiency states due either to the primary disease or to the treatment for other diseases. An appreciation for these predisposing factors is very important in order that aggressive diagnosis and therapy be undertaken without delay. PMID- 7132516 TI - Principles of surgical management of midfacial carcinoma. AB - A series of large, midfacial, squamous cell and basal cell carcinomas treated by the Departments of Otolaryngology and Dermatology (Cleveland Clinic Foundation) are reported. Most cases required total/partial resection of the external nose, upper lip, hard palate, nasal septum, and adjacent midfacial soft tissues. Emphasis is placed on the principles of preoperative and intraoperative management as it relates to intraoral prosthetic design and total margin control of the surgical specimen. The immediate and delayed reconstructive philosophy and techniques employed here are discussed in detail. Recurrence rates and free-to disease survival times are also reviewed. PMID- 7132517 TI - Fibrolipoma of the pyriform sinuses: thirty-seven year follow-up. AB - Lipomas and fibrolipomas of the larynx and hypopharynx are rare. Indeed, by 1934 Birkett was able to report only 42 extrinsic and 5 intrinsic cases. Additional occurrences have been reported since then and it has been emphasized that these tumors although histologically benign are clinically malignant. A case of recurrent fibrolipoma of the pyriform sinuses requiring right transthyroid lateral pharyngotomy in 1951 and 1966 and left transthyroid lateral pharyngotomy in 1961 is reported. The patient has been followed by one observed for the last 35 years and is at present in her 84th year. There has been neither histopathological evidence of liposarcomatous transformation nor recurrence since 1966. Previous recurrences appeared on the contralateral side from first observance after 10 years and on the same side after 15 years. PMID- 7132518 TI - Laryngeal papillomatosis: recurrence after 33-year remission. AB - After repeated laryngeal papilloma excisions, a 4-year-old Caucasian male became symptom-free. Benign squamous papilloma recurred in the larynx and trachea at age 37 after a gunshot wound, prolonged nasogastric intubation, several laparotomies, endotracheal anesthesias, and massive weight loss. This case and others in the literature suggest that current therapy produces prolonged remission, not "cure." Its course reinforces accumulating evidence for the existence of human papilloma viruses (HPV) whose DNA apparently becomes incorporated into host laryngeal cell DNA, supporting an hypothesis that HPV remains in normal-appearing epithelium adjacent to papilloma. Like herpes zoster varicella virus, HPV may lie dormant until reactivated by host immunosuppression, trauma, malnutrition or sepsis, features also present in the patient described. Repeated intubation probably injured and destroyed cells, releasing viral material. Papilloma patients in remission probably should be warned of factors, including intubation for elective surgery, which could induce recurrence. PMID- 7132519 TI - Reflectance spectrophotometric studies on mucosal pathology of the upper airway. AB - Reflectance spectrophotometry analysis has been applied to the human nasal mucosa in vivo to determine the objective parameters of the colors of the mucous membrane, as well as to study the hemodynamics and enzymatic activities related to respiratory chain metabolism in the nasal mucosa. In 24 normal subjects, there were three main spectral peaks: the peak at around 500 nm (PI), the smallest at 560 nm (P2) and the highest one at 660 nm (P3). In 28 patients with nasal allergy, spectral P3 shifted remarkably toward the shorter wavelength at around 640 nm, compared to that of normal subjects. Additionally, the increment of the absorption band at P2 was also observed. These phenomena could be seen in the nasal mucosa of the subjects after use of decongestant spray. Reflectance spectrophotometric analysis will serve as a non-invasive method of giving us useful information for a further understanding of the mucosal pathophysiology of the upper airway. PMID- 7132520 TI - Computed tomography of laryngeal cancer with histopathological correlation. PMID- 7132521 TI - Hyperuricemia: a possible etiologic factor in chronic recurrent parotitis. PMID- 7132522 TI - Bilateral palatal myoclonus. AB - Palatal myoclonus is a relatively rare cause of objective tinnitus. Usually noted in young and middle aged adults, it is occasionally seen in both the older and younger population. The diagnosis of this entity is not difficult and can be made during a routine office evaluation. Such evaluation is aided by the use of the impedance audiometer and the fiberoptic nasopharyngoscope. Thorough evaluation of the patient is required to rule out the multiple possible causes of this entity. Furthermore, no completely successful method of treatment has been described, with therapy including many different medical and surgical modalities, as well as the possibility of spontaneous resolution. PMID- 7132523 TI - Renal clear cell carcinoma metastatic to the nose and paranasal sinuses. AB - Two cases of metastatic renal clear cell carcinoma to the nose and the paranasal sinuses are reported. Case 1 was a 73-year-old man with metastases to the bilateral maxillas and left cervical lymph nodes. These metastatic lesions were surgically eliminated together with the primary renal cancer. Case 2 was a 48 year-old man with a right maxilloethmoidal metastasis. Because of severe repeated bleeding and profound necrosis, conclusive diagnosis was hard to obtain. In both cases primary renal carcinoma was detected after the nasal tumors were confirmed to be a metastatic clear cell carcinoma. Early diagnosis and surgical removals of both primary and metastatic tumors are important to prolong the patient's life. When persistent epistaxis with intranasal necrotic mass occurs, the possibility of metastatic renal clear cell carcinoma should be considered. PMID- 7132524 TI - Jet ventilation for operative laryngoscopy. AB - High pressure oxygen jet ventilation via a small bore endotracheal tube has been found to be a very effective method for operative laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy under general anesthesia. Advantages of this technique include easily visualization of the larynx and good access for surgical manipulations and bronchoscopic procedures while maintaining excellent patient oxygenation and ventilation. There are few contra-indications for this procedure. Over the past 7 years we have done several thousand operative laryngoscopies using high pressure oxygen jet ventilation with few complications and excellent anesthetic and surgical results. PMID- 7132525 TI - Equipment for aspirating middle ear fluid samples. PMID- 7132526 TI - New approach in migraine prevention. PMID- 7132527 TI - The pathophysiology of compression injuries of the peripheral facial nerve. AB - The buccolabial branches of guniea pig facial nerves were crushed to produce axonotmesis, Wallerian degeneration, and demyelination. The lesions were followed from 1 to 8 weeks by transmission electron microscopy, electrophysiological tests, and cytochemical staining methods for Na+ channels. The first week demonstrated the classic degenerative neural changes. At 2 weeks the axoplasmic side of the demyelinated axolemma demonstrated diffuse staining for Na+ channels at a distance of 1 micrometer. At 4 weeks multiple condensed areas of dense staining were noted along the demyelinated axolemma. These staining areas resemble in character and length a normal node of Ranvier and denote new Na+ channels. The internodal distance is shorter than for the normal facial nerve. At 6 weeks a thin layer of myelin covered the nerve fibers. At 8 weeks half of the nerves were normal sized and the myelin sheath was normal in width. Following nerve crushing, electrical activity is present for 24-48 hours in the axonotmetic distal stump. Then the axon becomes unresponsive to electrical stimulation. There is gradual resumption of electrical activity between 5 and 14 days. Normal conduction resumes by 8 weeks. This study provides ultrastructural and cytochemical evidence for nerve fiber reorganization, axolemmal plasticity and sodium channel production and redistribution following Wallerian degeneration and demyelination in axonotmesis. Resumption of electrical neural excitability is achieved by an increase in the density of sodium channels and reduction in the internodal distance as a means for impedence matching. Reduction of the cross sectional diameter of the regenerating axon facilitates electrical conduction. PMID- 7132529 TI - [Immunosuppressive therapy in patients with HBeAg-positive chronic active hepatitis B?]. AB - The course of HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis was followed in 36 patients who were treated by immunosuppression and in 45 controls by means of serial determinations of HBeAg titers and by repeated biopsies of the liver. In the treated group remission occurred in 52% (HBeAg negative) resp. 48% (HBeAg positive); in the control group these percentages were almost identical, that is to say 61% resp. 41%. During therapy 5 out of 9 HBeAg positive patients and 7 out of 12 HBeAg negative patients developed cirrhosis of the liver as compared to 5 resp. 10, and 2 resp. 12 patients in the control group. Judging from these results it seems unlikely, that the course of HBsAg positive, chronic-active hepatitis in patients, whose serum shows a positive HBeAg titer by immunodiffusion, might be influenced in a positive way by immunosuppressive therapy. PMID- 7132530 TI - [Effect of a lithogenic diet and starvation on the regeneration of gallbladder epithelium]. AB - Regeneration of gallbladder epithelium of rodents is accelerated if a diet inducing cholelithiasis is given, as well as during starvation; both types of dietary regimens have something in common. The increased turnover of mucosal cells and the desquamation of these cells into the lumen of the gallbladder are causative factors for gallstone formation. PMID- 7132528 TI - [Gastroenterology x-ray quiz]. PMID- 7132531 TI - [Sonography of the pancreas tail region]. AB - Details of sonographic examination of the pancreas tail region are described. Since the pancreas is curved in 2 dimensions, examination of the tail region may be facilitated by exploiting the scoliosis of the vertebral column and by a modified technique of examination. PMID- 7132532 TI - [Differential diagnosis of pancreatitis: metastasis to the pancreas]. AB - A case report is given of a patient with a metastasizing teratocarcinoma of the testis (ripe teratoma and embryonal carcinoma), which was misinterpreted in the beginning as acute pancreatitis. At post mortem, metastases of this tumour were found in the pancreas, which apparently had led to inflammatory lesions of this organ, which could not explain however all of the clinical symptoms seen before. The literature dealing with cases suffering from acute pancreatitis induced by tumours is reviewed. A list of possible associations between pancreatitis and tumours is given. PMID- 7132534 TI - Leprosy and primary health care. PMID- 7132533 TI - [Drug therapy in the eighties and the liver]. AB - Drug therapy of liver diseases is fundamentally rather difficult, due to the elaborate function of the organ. Nevertheless there are essential aims to be achieved in the pharmacological and clinical research; drug therapy of liver disease as it is being conducted nowadays has to be ridded from dead freight in favour of compounds, whose efficacy has been proven; indications have to be defined properly. It is also to be hoped, that in the decade to come a new immunostimulatory and antiviral therapy will be developed for treatment of chronic active viral hepatitis; the problem of acute viral hepatitis might be solved through development of a polyvalent vaccine. There is also a good possibility for temporary substitution of liver function by new devices. PMID- 7132535 TI - Leprosy and primary health care: Tanzania. PMID- 7132536 TI - Leprosy control in a primary health care programme in the Sudan. PMID- 7132537 TI - In reality: a medical anthropologist's reservations about the viability of leprosy control within primary health care. PMID- 7132538 TI - Primary health care in relation to leprosy in Sri Lanka. PMID- 7132539 TI - General health education as the main approach to leprosy control, Dichpalli, India. PMID- 7132540 TI - Leprosy and primary health care. PMID- 7132541 TI - Leprosy and primary health care: the Mandwa project, India. PMID- 7132542 TI - The potential benefit of primary health care to leprosy control. PMID- 7132543 TI - Primary health care and leprosy. PMID- 7132544 TI - [The outcome of a follow-up of children with minimal cerebral dysfunction--from early infancy to school age]. PMID- 7132545 TI - [Endocrine manifestations in decompensated liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 7132546 TI - [Pregnancy and multiple sclerosis--a case report and analysis of immunological reactivity]. PMID- 7132547 TI - [Melanomas of the uvea]. PMID- 7132548 TI - [A familial epidemic caused by the bacterium Yersinia enterocolitica]. PMID- 7132550 TI - [Modern interpretation of auscultation phenomena of the lung]. PMID- 7132549 TI - [The diagnosis of pulmonary hydatid disease by cytologic techniques]. PMID- 7132551 TI - [New terminology in auscultation phenomena in the lung]. PMID- 7132552 TI - [Rational use of antiarrhythmic agents]. PMID- 7132553 TI - [Notes in medical terminology (24)]. PMID- 7132554 TI - Androgenic suppression of mouse hepatic FAD-containing monooxygenase activity. AB - Sex-related differences in the activity of hepatic FAD-containing monooxygenase (FAD-M) were found in C3H/St mice. Adult female mice had enzyme activities nearly two-fold greater than male mice and these differences, which were absent in sexually immature mice, became apparent at the onset of puberty. The sex differences in hepatic FAD-M appeared to be mediated through the suppressive effect of testosterone; castration of male mice enhanced enzyme activity, while androgenic replacement returned activities to control levels. Testosterone's suppressive effect was found to be relatively specific for hepatic FAD-M. Treatment of castrated male mice with both the anti-androgen flutamide and testosterone returned enzyme activity to control levels, suggesting that testosterone's regulation of hepatic microsomal FAD-M is receptor-mediated. Female gonadectomy had no effect on this enzyme's activity. PMID- 7132555 TI - Reversible stimulation of the Na+/K+ pump by monensin in cultures of vascular smooth muscle. AB - Two ionophores, monensin and salinomycin, increased total cell Na+ and ouabain sensitive 86Rb+ uptake in cultures of smooth muscle cells from rat aorta. Monensin was used to produce graded increases in cell Na+ in order to assess the Na+ dependence of the Na+/K+ pump in the intact cell. The relationship between internal Na+ and ouabain-sensitive 86Rb+ uptake was hyperbolic (K'Na = 3 mM). Monensin did not stimulate 86Rb+ uptake in the absence of external Na+. Loading the cells with Na+ by exposing cultures to a K+-free medium for 3 hr maximally increased cell Na+ and ouabain-sensitive 86Rb+ uptake to the same extent as monensin. Total cell Na+ and pump activity in monensin-treated cells returned to the initial values after removing the ionophore. Monensin was then able to increase total cell Na+ and ouabain-sensitive 86Rb+ uptake to the same extent as the initial treatment with the ionophore. PMID- 7132556 TI - Impaired angiotensin-induced drinking in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - The drinking response during the 30 minutes following intracerebro-ventricular injection of angiotensin II (AII) (1 to 200 ng) was compared in male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto control rats (WK). SHR drank significantly less than WK at the 10, 50 and 100 ng doses. In contrast, responses to intracerebroventricular carbachol and intraperitoneal hypertonic saline were not different between SHR and WK. These agents are believed to induce drinking by mechanisms independent of angiotensin. Binding of I125-labelled AII to particles prepared from the hypothalamus, thalamus, septum and midbrain (HTSM) region was measured in one month old male and two month old female SHR and their respective age matched WK controls. No differences were found in binding between SHR and WK of either sex. These data demonstrate an impairment of drinking responses in the SHR which seem to be specific for angiotensin. This finding supports the hypothesis that the CNS angiotensin system might be abnormal in these animals. PMID- 7132557 TI - Volume of distribution and transcapillary passage of small unilamellar vesicles. AB - This study investigated the biodistribution of bovine brain sphingomyelin (SM)/cholesterol (CH) (2/1; M/M) small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) in mice, addressing specifically the volume of distribution and transcapillary passage of the SUV. The complex of nitrilotriacetic acid with In-111 or Ga-67 ions was encapsulated in the SUV as the radioactive marker for various studies. The structural integrity of liposomes in vitro and in vivo was monitored by the technique of gamma ray perturbed angular correlation. Our data suggested that initially the SM/CH SUV remained within the vascular system and occupied a volume of distribution approximately 1.28 times larger than that of erythrocytes in the vascular system of mice. However, our data also indicated that with time the SM/CH SUV could get out of the vascular system of mice and were taken up by surrounding tissues over a period of 24 hours. PMID- 7132558 TI - In vivo studies of dopamine receptor ontogeny. AB - Studies of the ontogeny of dopamine and neuroleptic receptors in the central nervous system of the rat were carried out in vivo using 3H-spiperone as ligand. It was demonstrated that intraperitoneal injections can be successfully used to label these receptors in rat pups up to at least 30 days of age. The time course and characteristics of 3H-spiperone binding in the brain of 5, 15 and 30 day old rat pups were determined and found to include appropriate regional distribution, saturability and appropriate pharmacology. The developmental pattern of 3H spiperone binding paralleled what has been seen using in vitro techniques. In addition preliminary autoradiographic studies describe the neuroanatomical pattern of dopamine receptor ontogeny in the striatum. PMID- 7132559 TI - Conformational preferences of dopamine analogues for inhibition of norepinephrine N-methyltransferase. Conformationally defined adrenergic agents. AB - A series of analogues of dopamine (DA) with varying degrees of conformational flexibility have been examined as potential substrates or competitive inhibitors of the enzyme norepinephrine N-methyltransferase (NMT). A conformationally defined (rigid) analogue of the fully extended conformation of DA, 2-amino-6,7 dihydroxybenzonorbornene hydrobromide (3; 6,7-D2HX) proved to be a better substrate than the non-catechol parent 2-aminobenzonorbornene (4; 2HX). However, analogues 3 and 4 displayed equivalent competitive inhibitory activity toward phenylethanolamine (PEA). Neither 6,7-ADTN (5), a DA analogue in the 2 aminotetralin (2AT) system, nor 6,7-DTHIQ (7), a DA analogue in the tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) system, showed substrate activity; 6,7-ADTN was a poorer competitive inhibitor than the parent 2AT but 6,7-DTHIQ was a better competitive inhibitor than its parent, THIQ (8). A tricyclic conformationally defined analogue 9 of 6,7-ADTN was devoid of either substrate or inhibitory activity. From these results it may be concluded that a fully extended side chain conformation is required for NMT substrate activity, and the better substrate activity for 6,7-D2HX compared to 4 is consistent with a proper catechol orientation for interaction with the norepinephrine (NE) binding site of NMT. PMID- 7132560 TI - The distribution of copper in neonatal mottled mutant mice after exposure to copper and penicillamine. AB - Tissue copper levels of brindled (Mobr) mice and normal litter-mates after single and repeated dosing with CuCl2 and/or D-penicillamine are examined, together with a study of the cytosol distribution of copper after CuCl2 treatment. The results confirm that the mutant mouse kidney is capable of extensive copper accumulation in association with the low MW copper-binding protein. Deficient tissues such as brain, heart and spleen are able to sequester sufficient of the exogenous copper to raise their levels to the normal control level, whereas mutant liver levels, even after copper treatment, remain below normal, indicating that the Mo gene affects the ability of the liver to retain copper. PMID- 7132561 TI - Specific binding and pharmacological interactions of apamin, the neurotoxin from bee venom, with guinea pig colon. AB - This paper describes the interaction of apamin, the bee venom neurotoxin, with its receptor in the guinea pig colon. The pharmacological activity of the toxin was assayed by measuring its contracting effect on guinea pig colon preparations that had been previously relaxed by neurotensin. The IC50 value of apamin in this in vitro bioassay is 7 nM. These pharmacological data are compared to the binding properties of apamin to smooth muscle membranes prepared from guinea pig colon. The highly radiolabeled monoiododerivative of apamin binds to its colon receptor with a dissociation constant Kd* = 36 pM. The maximal binding capacity of colonic membranes is 30dfmol/mg of protein. The dissociation constant of the unmodified toxin is 23 pM. The difference between the toxin concentrations that produce half maximal effects in the binding and pharmacological studies arises from the different experimental conditions used for the two assays. PMID- 7132562 TI - Effects of ascorbic acid on the uptake of serotonin in differentiated neuroblastoma cells. AB - Ascorbic acid causes concentration-dependent and time-dependent effects on [3H] serotonin (3H-5HT) uptake into differentiated neuroblastoma N-2a cells. Preincubation of cells with ascorbic acid inhibits both passive diffusion and active transport of 3H-5HT (0.1 microM). The kinetic characteristics of the active uptake process change with ascorbic acid treatment, resulting in an increase in the Km from 0.27 microM to 3.0 microM and in the Vmax from 453 to 2369 fmol/min/10(6) cells. This inhibitory effect of ascorbic acid appears to be due to its reducing properties. PMID- 7132563 TI - Brain 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol levels are dependent on central noradrenergic neuron activity. AB - The effect of manipulations aimed to alter brain noradrenergic neuron activity on the levels of free and conjugated DOPEG in discrete brain areas was studied in the rat. Electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle for 10-20 min produced a frequency dependent elevation of free and conjugated DOPEG concentrations in the anterior cerebral cortex and in the hippocampus. In contrast, acute interruption of noradrenergic nerve impulse flow by application of tetrodotoxin (50-100 ng) into the medial forebrain bundle markedly diminished cortical and hippocampal DOPEG levels at 0.5-2 h post-injection. Cortical conjugated and free DOPEG levels were also reduced (by 80-96%) 2-3 weeks after bilateral electrolytic lesion of the locus coeruleus, 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesion of the ascending noradrenergic pathways or noradrenergic denervation by the neurotoxic agent DSP4. Finally, the alpha-adrenoceptor blocking agents yohimbine (1-10 mg/kg, ip) and RX 781094 (3-10 mg/kg, ip) increased whereas the alpha-adrenergic agonist clonidine (0.01-1 mg/kg, sc) decreased DOPEG levels in the cerebral cortex, hypothalamus and septal areas. These data indicate that free and conjugated DOPEG formation is dependent on, and may serve as an index of, central noradrenergic neuron activity. PMID- 7132564 TI - Proton nuclear magnetic resonance of regenerating rat liver after partial hepatectomy. AB - Spin-lattice (T1) and spin-spin (T2) proton nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation times were measured over a 48-hours period of experimental liver regeneration in Wistar rats. T2 showed an early significant increase reaching a plateau 30% above baseline from the 10th hrs onwards. Laparotomized control animals showed no change in T2 values. The increase in T1 occurred at a later stage but was no different from that in laparotomized controls. T1 reached a peak, 20% above baseline, around the 30th hr. The changes observed were far less marked than those previously described for cancer tissue, which showed about a 60% increase in T1. Liver T1 fluctuations followed a circadian pattern, with a minimum at night's end and a maximum around mid-day. No circadian rhythm was seen for T2. The observed T1 and T2 changes were discussed with respect o mitotic and metabolic events known to occur during regeneration of the liver. PMID- 7132566 TI - Vitamin E dependent reduced glutathione inhibition of rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation. AB - Effects of reduced glutathione (GSH) were investigated on in vitro lipid peroxidation of hepatic microsomes obtained from Long-Evans Hooded rats fed chemically defined, purified diets containing adequate or documented deficiencies of vitamin E (E), selenium (Se) or both. Glutathione inhibited lipid peroxidation mediated by both NADPH-dependent enzymatic and ascorbate-dependent non-enzymatic systems. The inhibitory effect of GSH was observed in microsomes obtained from E supplemented groups whereas it has no effect on microsomes from E deficient animals. Selenium status had no effect on GSH inhibition. Glutathione was found to be specific for the E dependent inhibition of lipid peroxidation and could not be substituted by other sulfhydryl compounds tested. Also, GSH did not inhibit non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation of heat-denatured microsomes from either E supplemented groups or any of the other dietary regimens. PMID- 7132565 TI - Halogenated biphenyls as AHH inducers: effects of different halogen substituents. AB - 4'-Iodo-, 4'-bromo-, 4'-chloro- and 4'-fluoro-2,3,4,5-tetrachlorobiphenyl were administered to immature male Wistar rats and the effects of this homologous series of 4'-halo-2,3,4,5-tetrachlorobiphenyls on the microsomal drug metabolizing enzymes were determined. All the halogenated biphenyls increased microsomal benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase (or aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, AHH), ethoxyresorufin (ER) O-deethylase and dimethylaminoantipyrine (DMAP) N demethylase. The effects of the 4'-halo-2,3,4,5-tetrachlorobiphenyls on the microsomal enzyme activities and on the relative peak intensities and spectral shifts of the reduced cytochrome P-450:CO and ethylisocyanide (EIC) binding difference spectra were similar to those observed after coadministration of phenobarbitone (PB) and 3-methylcholanthrene (MC). The relative activities of the halogenated biphenyls were determined using two in vitro assays; namely cytochrome P-448 associated induction in rat hepatoma H-4-II E cells in culture and competitive binding to the hepatic cytosolic Ah receptor protein from male Wistar rats. Dose-response experiments for the iodo, bromo, chloro and fluoro analogs gave EC50(M) values of 8.5 x 10(-9), 6.6 x 10(-8), 5.7 x 10(-7), and 3.3 x 10(-5), and 1.5 x 10(-6), 2.5 x 10(-6), 4.1 x 10(-6) and 2.5 x 10(-5) for the Er O-deethylase induction and receptor binding assays respectively. The relative potencies of the 4'-halo-2,3,4,5-tetrachlorobiphenyls followed the order I greater than Br greater than Cl greater than F for both assays and differences in the EC50 values for the iodo and fluoro analogs were greater than three orders of magnitude for ER O-deethylase induction in rat hepatoma cells in culture. One possible explanation for these effects may be associated with differences in the polarizability of the laterally substituted halogen groups. However, other differences in the physico-chemical properties of the halogen atoms may also be important. PMID- 7132567 TI - Evidence for multiple leukotriene D4 receptors in smooth muscle. AB - Using pure leukotriene D4 (LTD4) as the agonist, we determined the dissociation constants, Kb and pA2 values, for the selective leukotriene antagonist FPL 55712 on guinea pig ileum, trachea, and parenchyma. Responses of the 3 tissues to LTD4 were competitively antagonized by FPL 55712. Kb and pA2 values were similar for trachea and parenchyma. However, these values differed from those obtained in ileum. We propose the existence of multiple LTD4 receptors, with those in lung differing from LTD4 receptors in ileum. PMID- 7132569 TI - Detailed examination of episodic bursts of rGH secretion by high frequency blood sampling in normal male rats. AB - Episodic bursts of rat growth hormone (rGH) secretion were examined in detail by monitoring circulating rGH concentration every 2 min (70 ul blood samples were taken). Conscious free moving normal male rats implanted with indwelling cannulae were used. Between 11:00-13:00 h and between 14:00-15:20 h, basal levels of rGH were found to be 30-50 ng/ml. Bursts of rGH secretion had many different shapes, including a "single spike", "compound peak" and "plateau" but not regularity or periodicity of changes of rGH concentration was observed. Therefore we could not apply basic statistical treatments such as the standard deviation or standard error of means which are based on the assumption of normal distributions. When the downward slopes of each major spikes comprised more than 3 sequential samples, the decay slope was analyzed. Of 16 slopes, 10 were parallel with a theoretical curve of a 7 min half-life (rGH half-life is 5-7 min) indicating that no more rGH was secreted during the period of the downward slope. The slopes with significantly slower disappearance rates can be interpreted as indicating that a significant amount of rGH is secreted during the period of the downward slopes. Our experimental design revealed a more complex pattern or rGH secretory bursts than had hitherto been described. Our technique revealed more physiological characteristics of rGH secretion by more frequent sampling of very small volumes of blood. This technique eliminated unnecessarily excessive bleeding and avoided the necessity of returning red blood cells. PMID- 7132568 TI - Altered platelet serotonin uptake kinetics in schizophrenia and depression. AB - Platelet uptake of serotonin (5-HT) was studied in drug-free groups of normal controls, depressives and schizophrenics. The Michaelis constant was significantly higher in both the schizophrenics and the depressives than in the controls. The Vmax did not differ significantly between the three groups. Uptake velocity at low substrate concentrations was significantly lower in the schizophrenic group and showed a similar trend in the depressives. There were no significant differences in Km or Vmax when depressives wee subclassified as unipolar and bipolar. There were no significant correlations between 5-HT uptake kinetics and severity of illness. These findings raise the possibility of a structural defect inthe 5-HT reuptake system in the major psychoses that reduces the affinity of the carrier for the amine. This alteration, if present in central serotonergic neurons, may play a role in the etiology and pathogenesis of depression and schizophrenia. PMID- 7132570 TI - Changes in hepatic energy charge, blood ketone body ratio, and indocyanine green clearance in relation to DNA synthesis after hepatectomy. AB - The changes in the energy charge (ATP + 0.5 ADP)/(ATP + ADP + AMP) levels of the remnant liver were studied in relation to changes in the incorporation rate of methyl-3H-thymidine into DNA, the blood ratio of acetoacetate/beta hydroxybutyrate and indocyanine green (ICG) clearance in 70% hepatectomized rabbits. The energy charge levels of the remnant liver decreased rapidly to 0.767 from 0.856 of normal, despite a marked enhancement of mitochondrial phosphorylative activity, concomitant with the fall in blood ketone body ratio, before a maximal increase of DNA synthesis after hepatectomy. Blood ketone body ratio was correlated with hepatic energy charge (r = 0.696, p less than 0.01). After a maximal increase of DNA synthesis, hepatic energy charge levels and the blood ketone body ratios increased gradually to normal levels, concomitant with a rise in ICG clearance. Energy charge levels of the remnant liver can be evaluated by the blood ketone body ratio. PMID- 7132571 TI - SAH analogs, modified in the aminoacid region, inhibitors of phosphatidyl ethanolamine methylase activity and 3H-SAH binding to rat brain membranes. AB - The study of phosphatidylethanolamine methylase inhibition by 10 SAH analogs points out the importance of the L-homocysteine amino and carboxylic groups and the sulfur atom for the activity of SAH. Besides, the inhibition of phosphatidylethanolamine methylase by SAH analogs is correlated with their affinity for the 3H-SAH binding sites on the rat cortical membranes. PMID- 7132572 TI - Isopropanol enhancement of carbon tetrachloride metabolism in vivo. AB - We examined the effects of isopropanol (ISOP) pretreatment on the metabolism of 14CCl4 to 14CO2 and CHCl3 exhaled in the breath, to 14C metabolite excreted in 24 hr urine and feces from 0 to 24 hr, and to 14C metabolite bound to liver at 24 hr. Fasted male rats were given 0.1 or 2.0 mmoles 14CCl4/kg. ISOP pretreatment, which markedly enhanced the hepatotoxicity of CCl4, selectively enhanced the rate and total extent of 14CO2 and CHCl3 metabolite exhalation. The pathways of CCl4 metabolism leading to CO2 and CHCl3 metabolite formation may be more relevant to the hepatotoxicity of CCl4 than the pathways leading to urinary, fecal or covalently bound metabolites. PMID- 7132573 TI - Analysis of endogenous pyrrolidine levels by mass fragmentography. AB - Pyrrolidine, one of biogenic volatile amines, possesses nicotine-like synaptotropic actions on the nervous systems. In the present study, pyrrolidine levels in the tissues were examined by using mass fragmentographic technique. High concentrations of pyrrolidine were found in the seminal vesicle and lung of rabbits. Only trace amounts of pyrrolidine existed in the brain of mice and rats, although higher concentrations were detected in the brain of rabbits. In the rat brain, however, high levels of pyrrolidine were found in the pineal gland, pituitary gland and corpus striatum. PMID- 7132574 TI - Endogenous opiates and stress ulceration. AB - Parenteral administration of the opiate antagonist, naltrexone, had a cytoprotective effect against stress-induced ulceration. This effect appears to be due to blockade of peripheral rather than central endogenous opiates and is not related to the central inhibitory effect of opiates on gastric acid secretion. Opiates have complex effects on gastric mucosal blood flow which may explain their role in stress ulceration. PMID- 7132575 TI - EEG and behavioral effects of gamma-hydroxybutyrate in the rabbit. AB - The effects of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) upon sleep wakefulness patterns and quantified nuchal muscle activity were examined in the rabbit in a dose-response paradigm (25-1,000 mg/kg). Relative to control (saline) values, there was no facilitation of sleep onset or epileptogenic activity at any of the dosages studied. However, at the higher GHB concentrations, slow wave sleep and tonic muscle activity were enhanced and a high amplitude, slow activity was superimposed on background EEG patterns. The highest concentration of GHB (1,000 mg/kg) was associated with depression of motor activity. An enhancement of paradoxical sleep observed at lower GHB levels in other species occurred in attenuated form in the rabbit. The results indicate dose-related effects on both sleep and motor activation in the rabbit, but the absence of seizure activity for the concentrations of GHB studied. PMID- 7132576 TI - Distribution of (3H)QNB binding in dog gastric smooth muscle pre- and post vagotomy. AB - Tritiated quinuclidinyl benzilate [(3H) QNB] was used to characterize muscarinic cholinergic receptors in membrane fragments prepared from the circular smooth muscle of the dog stomach. In preliminary experiments the effect of protein, incubation time, temperature and pH on QNB binding were evaluated. Muscarinic cholinergic antagonists and agonists inhibited QNB binding in a concentration dependent manner, but the nicotinic antagonist hexamethonium and adrenergic compounds were not effective in displacing QNB from binding sites. Scatchard plot analysis of binding data showed an asymmetric receptor distribution in the stomach. The cardia bound 425fmol of QNB/mg protein with a Kd of 0.05nM, the fundus 267fmol/mg protein with a Kd of 0.09nM and the antrum 147 fmol/mg protein with a Kd of 0.14nM. In a second series of experiments, binding of QNB was measured in dogs which had been vagotomized three weeks earlier. Vagotomy had no effect on the apparent Kd but disrupted the asymmetric receptor distribution seen in the normal dog such that the Bmax of the cardia fell to a value of 222fmol/mg protein. PMID- 7132577 TI - Teratogenic action of platinum thymine blue. AB - The teratogenic activity of the antitumor agent cisplatinum-2-thymine (platinum thymine blue) was investigated in rats. Pregnant Wistar-derived albino rats were given single ip injections of an aqueous solution of platinum thymine blue (PTB) at one day of pregnancy from day 5 through day 14 (sperm day=day 0). The dosages used ranged from 20 to 80 mg/kg maternal body weight. At autopsy (day 20) fetuses were recovered and subsequently examined for skeletal and soft-tissue abnormalities. PTB was embryolethal and teratogenic at several stages during rat gestation. Embryonic death occurred following all doses, and was dose dependent, except at day 5. The majority of malformed fetuses, however, were observed only after treatment at day 6 or 7 following injection with 50, 60, or 80 mg/kg. Eye defects were the predominant abnormality followed by hydrocephalus, gastroschisis, and ectopia cordis. The skeleton was only slightly affected. PTB is a potent inhibitor of DNA synthesis, but its mechanism of teratogenic action is unknown. PMID- 7132578 TI - The late stage following continuous amphetamine administration to rats is correlated with altered dopamine but not serotonin metabolism. AB - In previous experiments rats pretreated with slow-release d-amphetamine (d-Amp) pellets for 4 1/2 days, given a 12-hr drug-free period, and then injected with d Amp have been found to show a behavioral syndrome which has similarities to that induced by acute injections of the hallucinogens LSD and mescaline. The present results indicate that rats administered this same drug regimen have large decreases in Dopamine (DA), dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid (Dopac), and homovanillic acid (HVA) in caudate nucleus, smaller decreases in DA with no changes in Dopac and HVA levels in nucleus accumbens, but no alterations in 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5HIAA) levels in caudate, accumbens, brainstem and hippocampus. Increased 5HIAA levels are found in rats sacrificed with pellets intact following 3 days of continuous d-Amp administration, while sleep deprived and in motor stereotypies. The late and hallucinatory stage following continuous d-amp is correlated more closely with alterations in dopamine than of 5HT. PMID- 7132579 TI - Regulation of glucose metabolism in the lung: hexokinase-catalyzed phosphorylation, a rate-limiting step. AB - A measurement of uptake and phosphorylation of 2-deoxyglucose in rat lung slices under appropriately designed conditions showed that glucose metabolism in lung at the physiological concentration of the sugar will be limited by the rate of its phosphorylation and not by its transport into the cells. PMID- 7132580 TI - Pharmacological activity and toxicity of phencyclidine (PCP) and phenylcyclohexene (PC), a pyrolysis product. AB - Initial acute behavioral studies in mice indicated that phencyclidine (PCP) produced marked motor impairment as measured by the inverted screen technique with an ED50 value of 4.1 muMole/kg (i.v.). Phenylcyclohexene (PC) was considerably less active with an ED50 value of 325 muMole/kg (i.v.). PCP was also shown to be more lethal than PC as acute (24 hr; i.v. injection) LD50 values (muMoles/kg) in males were 57 and 448, and in females were /6 and 425, respectively. A greater acute lethality was also produced by PCP after i.p. and p.o. administration. Subchronic (14-day) exposure (i.p.) to PCP at doses up to approximately 40 percent of the acute LD50 value (123.6 muMole/kg, i.p., daily) was without significant effect on body and organ weights, hematology and clinical chemistry, and humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Higher doses of PCP were not possible because of acute lethality. Subchronic exposure to PC (63.4, 317, and 634.5 muMoles/kg; 4 percent, 20 percent and 40 percent of acute i.p. LD50 value, respectively) produced several marked effects. At the highest dose tested, body weight and thymus weight in both males and females, and liver weight in males were significantly decreased. The spleen weight of males exposed to 317 muMole/kg PC was also significantly decreased. Humoral immunity (production of antibody forming cells) was significantly inhibited in both males and females exposed to PC. In contrast, cell-mediated immunity (development of a delayed-type hypersensitivity response) was only significantly inhibited in females. As PCP has no measurable toxicity under these conditions and PC produced significant effects at relatively high doses, the results suggest that neither chemical is exceptionally toxic following subchronic exposure. PMID- 7132581 TI - Isolation and determination of cholesterol glucuronide in human liver. PMID- 7132582 TI - Uptake and oxidation of malonaldehyde by cultured mammalian cells. AB - Primary cultures of rat skin fibroblasts were used as a model system to investigate the cellular uptake and oxidation of malonaldehyde (MA). The cells were grown in a medium containing 10(-5) M, 10(-4) M or 10(-3) M concentrations of [1,3-14C]MA. There was a limited, concentration-dependent uptake of MA by 24 hr (approximately 4% at all concentrations). The uptake of [1,2-14C]acetate by 24 hr was in the major lipids. Despite its low uptake and rapid oxidation to CO2, pretreatment of the cells with 10(-3) M MA for 24 hr produced a latent inhibition of [14C]glucose oxidation. Limited cellular uptake of MA may explain the tolerance of cells grown in culture to relatively high MA concentrations. PMID- 7132583 TI - Selective deposition of trans-8- and cis-9-octadecenoates in egg and tissue lipids of the laying hen. AB - The disposition of trans-8-octadecenoate-8(9)-3H (8t-18:1-3H) was compared to cis 9-octadecenoate-10-14C (9c-18:.1-14C) in the major egg yolk neutral lipids and in organ lipids from the laying hen. trans-8-Octadecenoate was preferentially incorporated into only the phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), whereas discrimination against 8t-18:1-3H occurred in the phosphatidylcholines (PC), triglycerides (TG) and cholesteryl esters (CE). The a-acyl position of both PE and PC from the 2 acyl position of these phospholipids was found. Preferential incorporation of 9c 18:1-14C occurred at the combined 1- and 3-acyl positions and at the 2-acyl position of yolk TG. Tissue lipid analyses indicated that there was preferential deposition of 9c-18:1-14C into all organs. Individual liver lipid classes displayed the same relative order of discrimination against 8t-18:1-3H as did egg yolk lipids (CE greater than TG greater than PC greater than PE). PMID- 7132584 TI - Uptake and metabolism of free fatty acids by the Morris 7777 hepatoma and host rat liver. AB - The relative capacity of Morris 7777 hepatomas and livers of tumor-bearing rats to take up and subsequently metabolize intravenously injected radiolabeled free fatty acids was investigated. The objective was to determine differences in lipid metabolism which may affect the lipid composition previously observed in this tumor. Both tissues demonstrated comparable selectivity in the uptake of palmitate, linoleate and arachidonate from blood, although the hepatoma took up one-tenth as much free fatty acid per g wet wt as liver. A much greater percentage of fatty acid taken up by the hepatoma was converted to aqueous soluble radioactivity, perhaps the result of oxidation. In the hepatoma, palmitate was incorporated into phospholipid molecular species in a pattern similar to that observed for diglyceride, which suggested that phospholipid synthesis occurred predominantly de novo. On the other hand, in liver, a large percentage of palmitate was incorporated into polyunsaturated phospholipid molecular species that were not present in the diglyceride pool, which suggested significant incorporation by the acylation of monoacyl phosphoglycerides. These studies indicate that the specificity for the uptake of fatty acids was not different in the two tissues; however, the subsequent metabolic processes are markedly different. PMID- 7132586 TI - Direct estimation of dolichyl phosphate in rat liver by high pressure liquid chromatography. PMID- 7132585 TI - Occurrence of octadecenoic fatty acid isomers from hydrogenated fats in human tissue lipid classes. AB - The level of trans-18:1 isomers in several isolated lipid classes of human liver, heart, red blood cells and plasma was determined. Phospholipids contained substantially fewer trans-18:1 isomers than triglycerides. The double bond distribution of the cis and trans octadecenoate fraction of triglycerides and phosphatidylcholines from human liver and heart was determined. Whereas the double bond distribution of the triglycerides correlated closely with the pattern found in dietary hydrogenated vegetable oils, the phosphatidylcholine fraction showed evidence of selective incorporation or metabolism of specific trans positional isomers. In general, isomers with double bonds near the methyl terminus were present at levels higher than expected from their relative abundance in the diet. Refinements in methodology needed to analyze octadecenoate double bond configuration and location in human tissues are presented. PMID- 7132588 TI - The role of the laboratory during and after pregnancy. PMID- 7132589 TI - Cytology as a means of detecting neural tube defects. PMID- 7132587 TI - Stereospecificity of premature human infant lingual lipase. PMID- 7132590 TI - Palmitic acid concentration in amniotic fluid: a modified method to aid prediction of fetal lung maturity. PMID- 7132591 TI - The lecithin-sphingomyelin ratio in amniotic fluid by thin layer chromatography: three areas of difficulty. PMID- 7132592 TI - Dried blood spots: a convenient technique for neonatal hormone screening. PMID- 7132594 TI - Laboratory monitoring of banked human milk. PMID- 7132593 TI - Biochemical monitoring of high-risk pregnancies. PMID- 7132595 TI - The infected neonate. PMID- 7132597 TI - [Changes in the arteries of the pelvic region following radiation and combination therapy of bladder cancer]. PMID- 7132596 TI - Two immunological tube tests for pregnancy: a comparative study. PMID- 7132598 TI - [Role of pelvic arteriography in evaluating the efficacy of radiation and combination therapy of bladder cancer]. PMID- 7132599 TI - [Accuracy of topometric information input from computerized tomographic data into a radiation planning system]. PMID- 7132601 TI - [Multipositional radioisotope scintigraphy of the kidneys]. PMID- 7132600 TI - [Optimization of methods of radiotherapy of cancer of the tongue, mouth mucosa and oropharynx]. PMID- 7132603 TI - [Standardization of tritium labeled compounds]. PMID- 7132602 TI - [Value of radioimmunologic analyses in studying the physiological diurnal (circadian) rhythms of normal and sick children]. PMID- 7132605 TI - [Change in bone marrow hematopoiesis during chronic exposure to tritium oxide and external gamma radiation]. PMID- 7132604 TI - [Frequency of chromosome aberrations in myelokaryocytes during chronic exposure to tritium oxide and external gamma radiation]. PMID- 7132606 TI - [Trends in the use of radiopharamaceuticals in the Federal Republic of Germany]. PMID- 7132608 TI - [Radioimmunologic diagnosis of parathyroid gland diseases]. PMID- 7132607 TI - [Change in the functional status of the hemostatic system during acupuncture reflexotherapy of late radiation-induced disorders of blood and lymph circulation]. PMID- 7132609 TI - Radiologic reporting of orthopedic trauma. PMID- 7132610 TI - "Dieseling"-a potentially lethal phenomenon in air weapons. PMID- 7132612 TI - Individualization from footwear-a case report. PMID- 7132613 TI - Ante-mortem injury or post-mortem?--Diagnosis using histamine as a marker. PMID- 7132615 TI - The basis of the legal liability of the hospital. PMID- 7132611 TI - Suicide by home-made gun. PMID- 7132614 TI - A profile study of sexual offenders in Hong Kong. PMID- 7132616 TI - Disaster victim identification-the transmission of antemortem dental records by telephoto. PMID- 7132617 TI - Some criminological and psychiatric aspects of homicide in Iceland. PMID- 7132618 TI - The resistance of human skin to compressive cutting. PMID- 7132619 TI - Estimation of stature from parts of humerus and radius. PMID- 7132620 TI - The effects of alcohol on four choice serial reaction time. PMID- 7132621 TI - Alcohol and fatal road traffic accidents. PMID- 7132623 TI - Waddiloves Hospital--an open forensic psychiatric unit. PMID- 7132622 TI - Pattern of suicides in Delhi--a study of the cases reported at the Police Morgue, Delhi. PMID- 7132625 TI - A case of fatal Lomotil overdosage. PMID- 7132624 TI - Violence in the semi-secure ward of a psychiatric hospital. PMID- 7132626 TI - Contraceptive advice and assistance to a child under sixteen. PMID- 7132627 TI - A fatality due to drug synergism. PMID- 7132629 TI - [Effect of x-ray hardness on the informativeness of fluorograms]. AB - The power unit model URP-phi built on a single-phase generator supplied by a full wave rectification circuitry along with an X-ray image intensifier model URI 230/150 enable the fluorography under radioscopy control. During X-ray examinations it automatically selects anode voltage of the X-ray tube depending on both the density of the subject under study and the examining angle. Specified in the URP-phi the anode voltage-current relationship provides higher X-ray intensity attenuation through the subject for anode current 3 mA compared to the current 1 mA, the detection of low contrast abnormalities being virtually the same for the fluorograms of the stepped phantoms. PMID- 7132628 TI - [Basic quality parameters of the technical aspects of x-ray diagnosis]. PMID- 7132630 TI - [Photography schedule in x-ray diagnostic facilities using image intensifiers]. AB - To provide optimal informativeness of fluorograms obtained with the help of radiodiagnostic complexes which are provided with luminance amplifiers of roentgen image (ARI), the magnitudes of X-ray radiation power dose, exposure dose on a photo film, roentgen radiation power dose in X-ray inspection regime worked out by the complex to the moment of a signal hit on photography, and tolerable ratio of their external magnitudes had to be chosen in accordance with ARI parameters: magnitude of conversion ratio, photography frequency, operation speed of exposure metering system and communication system of main power supply circuit. PMID- 7132631 TI - [Trends in the development of input devices for x-ray diagnostic apparatus]. PMID- 7132633 TI - [Determination of the basic parameters of PERP2-3-P electroradiographic plates]. PMID- 7132634 TI - [Continuous-beam medical laser unit]. PMID- 7132635 TI - [Technique and methods of bronchoholography]. AB - A new roentgenological technique of a bronchial tree examination- bronchoholography has been described. To receive holographic image of a contrast bronchial tree the authors introduced changes and additions in usual bronchography technique: a contrast bronchial tree has been recorded on a video tape of a tape recorder at the moment of deep inspiration, the patient was rotating around its vertical axis at that time. Then bronchial tree videogram has been transferred on a cine film. After this 25--40 exposures which represented bronchi images in different foreshortenings--straight, angle and side chest projections have been selected. The selected exposures have been reproduced with the help of a laser light source by a holographic method on a photomaterial and thus a superpositional deep hologram of a bronchial tree has been received. PMID- 7132632 TI - [Transparency of x-ray rasters for scattered radiation]. PMID- 7132636 TI - [Use of impulse sources of x-rays in medicine]. PMID- 7132637 TI - [Electroradiography in a trauma unit]. PMID- 7132639 TI - [Superposition of scintigraphic images using a computer]. AB - A new method of coincidence of scintigrams received from a patient laying in an arbitrary position is proposed. Coincidence of point sources at 2 anatomical reference points is made before examination. Coincidence is realized by rotation and movement of one image relatively to the other one. This method is realized on a specialized data processing system MDS. Programming language is FORTRAN-4. The method is applied to complex examinations of the lungs and liver. PMID- 7132638 TI - [Control of the output of gamma-therapeutic apparatus by means of wedge-shaped filters]. AB - The conditions necessary to keep the capacity of a remote gamma-therapeutic device constant by means of special filters introduced in clinical practice are considered. The filters are designed to turn isodoses by the preset angles. For the case, when the extent of irradiation procedures performed with wedge-shaped filters is equal 10% of the given time interval, the capacity of the device has been found to be constant while radiation source output increases by 25%. PMID- 7132641 TI - [Stationary apparatus for shielded roentgenkymography]. PMID- 7132643 TI - Metabolic and thermoregulatory responses to exercise during the human menstrual cycle. AB - Metabolic and thermoregulatory responses to exercise during the human menstrual cycle. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 270-275, 1982. Six healthy adult females with presumptively normal menstrual cycles volunteered to exercise on a bicycle ergometer on five separate days (days 2, 8, 14, 20, and 26 of the menstrual cycle; day 1 = onset of menstruation). On each experimental day each subject exercise at four submaximal exercise intensities and at an exercise intensity that elicited a peak oxygen uptake. At rest and at each exercise intensity metabolic and thermoregulatory measurements were made. There were no changes at rest or at any exercise intensity relative to cycle day in absolute oxygen uptake (l . min-1). Similarly, mean peak oxygen uptake and average work time to exhaustion were not different during the various phases of the menstrual cycle. The mean core temperature (Tre) at each exercise intensity was elevated on days 14 and 20 above that observed during flow (day 2) and the follicular phase (day 8). This implied a dissociation of metabolic responses from thermoregulatory responses to exercise during the human menstrual cycle similar to that previously observed in exercising febrile males. PMID- 7132642 TI - Reproductive system function in women cross-country runners. AB - Reproductive system function in women cross-country runners. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 263-269, 1982. The incidence and etiology of altered menstrual cycle function in women engaged in endurance athletic activities were investigated by studying endocrine, anthropometric, and training parameters in 41 cross-country runners. The prevalence of altered menstrual cycle patterns was significantly higher in the subjects than in college-aged; 49% reported normal cycles and 51% were either oligomenorrheic (46%) or amenorrheic (5%). No significant differences between those reporting normal menstrual cycling (N) and those reporting oligo/amenorrhea (O/A) were found in the following areas: number of miles run/week, number of years of training, age when training began, sum of skinfold thicknesses, somatotype, or post-exercise levels of growth hormone, prolactin, or hematocrit. However, a difference (P less than 0.05) was found in the mean age of menarche (N = 12.9 +/- 0.3 yr; O/A = 14.3 +/- 0.5 yr). In addition, more O/A (68%) than N (42%) began training in the year of or prior to menarche. Evaluation of seven runners from one school who qualified for the national meet (1 amenorrheic, 5 oligomenorrheic, and 1 normal) revealed that the basal estrogen, progesterone, prolactin, and thyroid hormone levels were normal and that there were normal luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone responses to synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). These data are consistent with an alteration of hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian function above the level of the pituitary. PMID- 7132644 TI - Effects of propranolol on perceived exertion soon after myocardial revascularization surgery. AB - Effect of propranolol on perceived exertion soon after myocardial revascularization surgery. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise. Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 276 280, 1982. This study evaluated the effects of propranolol on ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), heart rate (HR), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) during graded exercise testing of myocardial revascularization surgery patients before hospital discharge. Eighty-six men performed a symptom-limited, graded exercise test on a treadmill an average of 11 d after surgery. Patients were assigned to three groups: those not taking propranolol (no-propranolol group, N = 54), those taking propranolol (propranolol group, N = 22), and those exhibiting exertional hypotension during testing (hypotensive group, N = 10). Test results showed that estimated METs during peak exercise were similar for the three groups. The propranolol group demonstrated a lower HR for submaximal and peak exercise when compared with the no-propranolol group, but RPE was the same for matched exercise intensities. The hypotensive group failed to increase SBP during exercise, but perceived the matched exercise intensities to be the same as the other two groups. The HR response of the hypotensive group was similar to that of the no-propranolol group. Thus, an abnormal SBP response during exercise was not reflected in a changed RPE when compared with patients who increased SBP appropriately. It was concluded that propranolol does not affect RPE during graded exercise testing soon after cardiac surgery. PMID- 7132640 TI - [Dosage factor for the increase of exposure for x-ray screening rasters]. PMID- 7132645 TI - Plasma catecholamines, heart rate, and cardiac sympathetic activity in exercising dogs. AB - Plasma catecholamines, heart rate, and cardiac sympathetic activity in exercising dogs. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 291-285, 1982. The purposes of the study were, 1) to assess the respective roles of locally released norepinephrine in the sinus node and of plasma catecholamines in the control of heart rate during exercise and 2) to verify whether the heart is a source of plasma catecholamines during exercise. Plasma catecholamines (radioenzymatic assay) and heart rate were measured in the last minute of a 5-min exercise period (3.2 km . h-1, 39% slope) in six normal dogs, in six dogs treated with 5 mg . kg 1 sotalol, and in six dogs sympathectomized with 50 mg . kg-1 6-hydroxydopamine. Compared to the exercise heart rate values of the normal dogs (228 +/- 8 beats . min-1) and the sympathectomized dogs (226 +/- 9 beats . min-1), the sotalol treated dogs had significantly lower rates (148 +/- 6 beats . min-1). However, plasma catecholamine response was higher in the sotalol-treated dogs (7380 +/- 1350 pg . ml-1) and in the sympathectomized dogs (4280 +/- 680 pg . ml-1) than in the normal dogs (1890 +/- 360 pg . ml-1). Since the action of plasma catecholamines on the sinus node is potentiated by denervation hypersensitivity, it is suggested that in exercising normal dogs, heart rate control could be ensured by locally released norepinephrine rather than by plasma catecholamines. Plasma catecholamines were assessed in six normal dogs at rest and at various exercise levels (HR = 90-200 beats . min-1) and in blood sampled simultaneously in the aorta and the coronary sinus. Plasma catecholamines in the coronary sinus and aorta were similar at rest (490 +/- 90 vs 580 +/- 80 pg . ml-1, respectively) and at the low-intensity exercise (710 +/- 140 vs 880 +/- 120 pg . ml-1, respectively). For moderate and severe work loads, plasma catecholamine concentrations in the coronary sinus (960 +/- 160 and 1570 +/- 340 pg . ml-1, respectively) were lower than in the aorta (1380 +/- 260 and 2950 +/- 100 pg . ml 1, respectively). These results suggest that in exercising dogs the heart is not a source of plasma catecholamines. PMID- 7132647 TI - Alterations in anaerobic threshold as the result of endurance training and detraining. AB - The response of anaerobic threshold (AT) to endurance training and detraining was studied in 21 males (mean age = 25 yr). Members of the exercise group trained on a cycle ergometer at 80% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) for 30 min four times per week for 9 wk. Nine weeks of detraining followed. A step-wise incremented cycle ergometer test was used to measure maximal and submaximal values of metabolic variables at 3-wk intervals. The criterion for determination of the onset of metabolic acidosis was a systematic increase in the ventilatory equivalent for O2 (VE/VO2) without an increase in the ventilatory equivalent for CO2 (VE/VCO2). Significant increases and decreases of VO2max for the exercise group during training and detraining, respectively, were revealed by ANOVA. Following 9 wk of training, elevations of 70.4% and 19.4% had occurred in AT expressed as absolute VO2 (AT l . min-1) and percent of VO2max (AT-VO2), respectively. The latter change was not statistically significant. Losses of training gains in AT (l . min-1) were significant after 6 and 9 wk of detraining. The results of this study indicate that 9 wk of training is of sufficient duration to cause a significant alteration in AT. Loss of this training gain occurs rapidly and appears to be similar to changes in VO2max. PMID- 7132646 TI - The effects of hypercapnia on the metabolic response to steady-state exercise. AB - Studies on isolated muscle and resting man have demonstrated that altering CO2 stores influences intracellular lactate production and/or tissue lactate release. In the present project, subjects (N = 6) performed steady-state exercise for 30 min while inspiring 0, 2, 4, or 6% CO2 and 21% O2. They were tested on eight occasions, four at 50% and four at 65% VO2max. Arterialized venous blood PCO2 increased in proportion to FICO2 (P less than 0.05). Blood pH had a similar but inverse relationship, decreasing from 7.371 to 7.233 (P less than 0.05). The VI increased directly with PCO2 (P less than 0.05), but no differences were found for VO2 or VO2. The R decreased in proportion to PCO2 (P less than 0.05) at both exercise intensities. Blood lactate was reduced (P less than 0.05) with CO2. At 65% VO2max lactate had an inverse linear relationship with blood PCO2 (P less than 0.05). The mean lactate decreased 43% from 3.88 mM . l-1 with 0% CO2 to 2.22 mM . l-1 with 6% CO2. The R shift suggest that carbohydrate metabolism may have been inhibited and lipid metabolism enhanced. PMID- 7132648 TI - Blood acid-base and lactate relationships studied by ramp work tests. AB - The effect of work rate increase in ramp work tests was studied in six healthy subjects. Each subject exercised on a cycle ergometer with the work rate incremented by either 65.4 W . min-1 and 49.0 W . min-1 for the fast ramps or 8.2 W . min-1 and 6.1 W . min-1 for the slow ramps for male and female subjects, respectively. Gas exchange was monitored by open-circuit spirometry. Arterialized venous blood samples were obtained from a dorsal hand vein. The peak VO2 was not significantly different for fast (3218 +/- 602 ml . min-1, X +/- SD) and slow (3237 +/- 601 ml . min-1) ramp tests. Gas-exchange anaerobic threshold, determined by multi-segment linear regression of VE vs VO2, was similar for fast and slow ramp tests (1742 +/- 415 and 1925 +/- 639 ml O2 . min-1, P greater than 0.05). The VO2 at which blood lactate increased 0.5 mM above resting levels was lower (1463 +/- 259 ml . min-1, P less than 0.05) than the gas-exchange anaerobic threshold for the slow ramp test. The VO2 at which blood lactate reached 2.0 mM was greater (2383 +/- 247 ml . min-1, P less than 0.05) than the gas-exchange anaerobic threshold for the fast ramp test. In addition to these lactate differences, blood pH and HCO3- did not change in direct proportion to the lactate concentration in either test. Blood PCO2 was significantly (P less than 0.05) greater at the point of exhaustion in the fast ramp test (42.2 +/- 2.3 mmHg) than in the slow ramp test (26.7 +/- 2.1 mmHg). It is concluded that the gas-exchange anaerobic threshold can be clearly dissociated from the blood lactate threshold by altering the work rate forcing function. Other mechanisms, such as H+ efflux and CO2 storage capacity, are more likely explanations for the gas-exchange anaerobic threshold. PMID- 7132649 TI - "Biorhythms" and men's track and field world records. AB - The claims that athletic performance, like all human behavior, are governed by three invariant "biorhythms" were tested for all men's metric world records in track and field from 1913-1977 (N = 700). Outstanding performances are said to occur during positive cycle phases; and poor performances, errors of judgment, and accidents, during the negative phases and particularly at crossover points (critical days). "Biorhythm" amplitudes were calculated, and a chi-square (X2) analysis was used to compare the frequencies of records occurring in the positive, negative, and critical phases of each cycle with a random model. The phase-distribution of records within each individual cycle fit the random model (X2 less than or equal to 2.22, P greater than 0.30). The combined effects of the three cycles, determined from the mean "biorhythm" amplitude (X2 = 1.30, P greater than 0.20) and the number of cycles in each phase (X2 = 3.50, P greater than 0.30), also showed no significant departure from the expected frequencies. The number of records broken on single or multiple critical days was as expected from the number of critical days in ech cycle (X2 = 3.37, P greater than 0.15). These data reinforce our previous study on Australian records and the preponderance of acceptable published research into sports, accidents, and medical data in that they provide no evidence of the existence or effects of "biorhythms." PMID- 7132650 TI - Forces predicted at the ankle during running. AB - A biomechanical model of the ankle joint was developed and was used to predict the forces at the ankle during the stance phase of running. Measurements from five cadavers were averaged to obtain insertion points and directions of pull of equivalent tendons with respect to the assumed center of the ankle joint. A minimum joint force solution was obtained by assuming that only two equivalent muscle groups could exert force at one time. Three subjects ran at 4.47 m/s across a force platform that recorded the external forces and moments acting on the foot. Cinematography was used to measure the foot and leg positions during stance. Peak resultant joint forces ranging from 9.0 to 13.3 times body weight and peak Achilles tendon forces ranging from 5.3 to 10.0 times body weight were predicted. Small variations in some cases resulted in large differences in predicted forces. The highest tendon forces predicted exceeded those reported to cause damage to cadaver tendons in other studies. PMID- 7132651 TI - The effects of caffeine and exercise on body weight, fat-pad weight, and fat-cell size. AB - The present investigation was designed to test the ability of caffeine ingestion to enhance the reduction of body fat with exercise. Mature male rats (average weight of 442 g) were assigned to four grouping combinations of the two treatment variables: caffeine ingestion (caf, no caf) and exercise training (ex, sed). Two groups trained by swimming 90 min, 5 d/wk (caf-ex, no caf-ex) while two groups served as untrained controls (caf-sed, no caf-sed). Forty-five minutes prior to swimming, doses of saline only or of caffeine dissolved in saline (5 mg caffeine/kg body weight) were administered to the no caffeine and caffeine groups, respectively. After 9 wk of training, body weight and epididymal and retroperitoneal fat-pad weights were significantly reduced in the caffeine groups and in the exercise groups (P less than 0.05). Epididymal fat-cell size was significantly reduced by caffeine treatment, and exercise training reduced fat cell diameters in both epididymal and retroperitoneal fat-pads (P less than 0.05). The additional 22% reduction in body weight, 25% reduction in epididymal fat-cell size, and 5 and 6% reductions in epididymal and retroperitoneal fat-pad weights, respectively, in the caf-ex group beyond the no caf-ex group support the hypothesis that fat loss with aerobic exercise can be increased when caffeine is ingested prior to the training sessions. PMID- 7132653 TI - [Drug reference guides. Aid or restriction for the physician?]. PMID- 7132654 TI - [Malaria prophylaxis and therapy]. PMID- 7132652 TI - Mechanical and physiological calibration of four cycle ergometers. AB - Mechanical and physiological calibrations were performed on four research-grade cycle ergometers. Ten subjects rode each ergometer twice in a randomized testing order. The subjects pedaled at 60 rpm for 5 min at each of three power outputs, i.e., 49, 98, and 147 W. Heart rate, metabolic, and perceptual data were obtained each minute. Prior to and immediately following these test rides, mechanical calibrations were obtained in duplicate. From the mechanical calibrations, Ergometer A was approximately 10% below actual values at each power output. Ergometer B demonstrated a variable error, with the largest percentage and absolute errors occurring at the lower power outputs. Ergometers C and D generally demonstrated less than a +/- 3% error. Following the physiological calibration, Ergometer B exhibited a substantial drift in calibration, while Ergometers A, C, and D maintained their original calibration. The physiological data supported the mechanical calibration, and Ergometer B demonstrated a substantial drift between the first and second trials and produced substantially different results compared with the other three ergometers. Ergometers A, C, and D demonstrated acceptable consistency in results both within trials and among ergometers. These results demonstrate the importance of proper calibration and of understanding the calibration characteristics of ergometers selected for research purposes. PMID- 7132655 TI - [Importance and administration of beta-lactam antibiotics in practice]. PMID- 7132656 TI - [Colon sonography. A new procedure of colon imaging]. PMID- 7132657 TI - [Spontaneous perforation of the colon]. PMID- 7132658 TI - [Penis fracture]. PMID- 7132660 TI - [Ergospirometric studies of circulation in healthy humans. Effect of iodine brine baths on work-induced changes in blood pressure, respiratory gas exchange and metabolic parameters]. PMID- 7132661 TI - [Thrombocytopenia-radius aplasia syndrome]. PMID- 7132662 TI - [Psychological effects of caffeine]. PMID- 7132663 TI - [Treatment of hypertension (I)]. PMID- 7132659 TI - [Do age and the duration and type of angina pectoris have significance for the severity of coronary sclerosis?]. PMID- 7132664 TI - [Extrarenal azotemia. Classification and pathogenesis]. PMID- 7132665 TI - [Course and therapy of severe death-cup mushroom poisoning (Amanita phalloides)]. PMID- 7132666 TI - [A case of kala-azar (visceral leishmaniasis)]. PMID- 7132667 TI - [Bioavailability of hydergine specific]. PMID- 7132668 TI - [Oligosymptomatic thyrotoxic crisis and its treatment by plasmapheresis]. PMID- 7132670 TI - [The pharmacist's dilemma]. PMID- 7132669 TI - [Bee venom containing Forapin in the treatment of mesenchymal diseases of the locomotor system. Report on treatment results in 211 patients]. PMID- 7132671 TI - [Treatment of hypertension (II)]. PMID- 7132672 TI - [Artificial rectal occlusion, a recent concept in the treatment of anal incontinence. 5-year results]. PMID- 7132673 TI - [Defecation difficulties in children. Diagnostic triad]. PMID- 7132674 TI - [Primary pulmonary hypertension in childhood]. PMID- 7132675 TI - [Drug therapy of coronary heart disease. Comparative effects of nifedipine and isosorbide dinitrate]. PMID- 7132676 TI - [Medical climatologic study of Malta]. PMID- 7132677 TI - [Lipid lowering improved? Therapeutic progress by using biological mechanisms]. PMID- 7132678 TI - [The law and medicine--an attempt at an understanding]. PMID- 7132679 TI - [Medical technical error and physician liability from the history of medicine viewpoint]. PMID- 7132680 TI - [The physician's liability from the viewpoint of the insurance medicine representative. Intermediate report of a study]. PMID- 7132682 TI - [The law and medicine. Physician liability from the viewpoint of the judge]. PMID- 7132681 TI - [The law and medicine--from the viewpoint of the district attorney's office]. PMID- 7132683 TI - [The law and medicine--from the viewpoint of the medical expert]. PMID- 7132684 TI - [The weather and man]. PMID- 7132685 TI - [Cimetidine: reduction of creatine clearance without modification of the digoxin kinetics]. PMID- 7132686 TI - [Distrust of measurement data]. PMID- 7132687 TI - [Hypertension control. A community task of medicine]. PMID- 7132688 TI - [Tetanus in chronic arterial occlusive disease and ischemic ulcers]. PMID- 7132689 TI - [Pregnancy hyperlipoproteinemia (I)]. PMID- 7132690 TI - [Effect of a lipid-lowering diet on lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in the serum]. PMID- 7132691 TI - [Diabetic microangiopathy in ear lobe biopsy. Comparative light optical findings in various microangiopathies]. PMID- 7132692 TI - [Benign drug-induced esophageal stenosis]. PMID- 7132693 TI - [Surgical treatment of therapy refractory pruritus vulvae in lichen sclerosus]. PMID- 7132694 TI - [Patients demand!]. PMID- 7132695 TI - [De-pathologizing cancer. Family therapeutic aspects in dealing with cancer]. PMID- 7132697 TI - [Prevalence of subclinical Junin virus infection in a select population of an endemic area of argentinian hemorrhagic fever]. PMID- 7132696 TI - [Alveolar hypoventilation in neuromuscular diseases]. PMID- 7132698 TI - [Effect of the normalization of arterial pressure on electrocardiographic changes in 97 patients with essential hypertension]. PMID- 7132699 TI - [Fever of unknown origin]. PMID- 7132700 TI - Serum alpha-fucosidase and hexosaminidase as biological markers in human cancer. PMID- 7132701 TI - Effect of Solanum glaucophyllum feeding on erythropoiesis and iron metabolism in the rat. PMID- 7132703 TI - [Left posterior hemiblock following cardiac resuscitation maneuvers in hypertrophic myocardiopathy]. PMID- 7132702 TI - [Genetic study of 6 cases of ichthyosis]. PMID- 7132704 TI - [Gingival metastasis, mediastinal syndrome and acute abdomen]. PMID- 7132705 TI - [The future of endocrinology]. PMID- 7132706 TI - Differences in mental representations spontaneously adopted for reasoning. PMID- 7132707 TI - The role of arousal in memory for conversation. PMID- 7132708 TI - Mental shock can produce retrograde amnesia. PMID- 7132709 TI - Memory for unique personal events: the roommate study. PMID- 7132710 TI - An examination of practice effects in recognition. PMID- 7132711 TI - Testing psychological theories about inference making. PMID- 7132713 TI - Associative facilitation of word recognition as measured from a neutral prime. PMID- 7132712 TI - On the locus of the stimulus suffix effect. PMID- 7132714 TI - Speech imagery is not always faster than visual imagery. PMID- 7132715 TI - The perception of semantic relations in pictures. PMID- 7132716 TI - Is three greater than five: the relation between physical and semantic size in comparison tasks. PMID- 7132717 TI - Configurational effects on the enumeration of dots: counting by groups. PMID- 7132718 TI - A critical examination of the effect of inservice training on staff performance. PMID- 7132719 TI - Parent involvement in the education of handicapped children: a critique. PMID- 7132721 TI - Psychopathology and mental retardation: survey of a developmental disabilities mental health program. PMID- 7132720 TI - Etiology of mental retardation: clinical vs. neuroanatomic diagnosis. PMID- 7132722 TI - Psychological documentation in supplemental security income claims alleging mental retardation. PMID- 7132724 TI - Direct and photosensitized UV radiation and the eye: experimental and clinical observations. PMID- 7132723 TI - Prostaglandins and the eye: rapid transition from basic to applied and implications for expanded clinical consideration. PMID- 7132725 TI - Renal retinopathy--the renewed entity. PMID- 7132726 TI - Promotion of sterol efflux and net transport by apolipoprotein E in lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency. AB - In the plasma of 4 subjects homozygous for deficiency of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase, the level of many apolipoproteins (apo A-I, apo A-II, apo B, apo D) was greatly relative to normal, while that of apo E is increased 5-fold. The lipoprotein complex containing lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase with apo A-I and apo D in normal plasma is completely absent. The major part of apo E is unassociated with other apolipoproteins. The apoprotein-dependence of sterol efflux and net transport from human skin fibroblasts into plasma was determined by immunoaffinity chromatography. In normal plasma the major component of efflux of sterol radioactivity from labeled fibroblasts was dependent upon unassociated apo A-I. In LCAT-deficient plasma, apoprotein-dependent efflux was largely a function of unassociated apo E. When fibroblasts were incubated with fibrinogen free unfractionated LCAT-deficient plasma, there was no spontaneous net transport of sterol either into or from the cells, indicating that efflux and influx rates were in balance. When apo E was removed by affinity chromatography, there was net transport from plasma to cells. These findings suggest a novel metabolic role for apo E in the promotion of sterol transport uncoupled to LCAT-activity. PMID- 7132727 TI - Postnatal development of adipose tissue in normal children on strictly controlled calorie intake. AB - The relations between adipose tissue development at birth, later expansion of fat mass and the behavior of fat mass and fat cell growth from birth to 12 mo of age have been studied in normal children born to normal, obese or diabetic mothers and maintained on strictly controlled calorie intake. A simple method for fat cell size determination on microsamples of fat tissue, specifically designed for small children, is reported. In the first 3 mo of life, a marked increase of fatty tissue from 13.4 +/- 0.4 to 20.3 +/- 0.8 percent of total body mass was observed. Subsequently, a sharp decrease in the relative amount of fat mass occurs, probably related to an increased energy expenditure or to a slightly higher protein content in the diet. No sex related differences in body weight, body fat mass, sum of skinfold thickness or fat cell weight were found throughout the study. No significant differences in body fat mass, sum of skinfold thickness and body fat mass as percent of body weight was observed at birth and at 3 or 6 mo of age in children of obese or gestational diabetic mothers, in comparison with children of normal mothers, and no significant correlation was found between maternal adiposity (sum of skinfold thickness or pre-gravidic overweight) or glucose tolerance (blood glucose area after OGTT) and adipose tissue development in the first 6 mo of life. Thus, in children on strictly controlled intake, obesity or diabetes in the mother do not relate to the rate of fat accumulation. Moreover, no relations were found between adipose tissue development at birth and subsequent rate of fat enlargement in the first year of life. Thus, when the interference of a different calorie intake is excluded, adiposity at birth has no predictive value for possible fatness later in infancy. PMID- 7132728 TI - Cimetidine effect of dopaminergic modulation of prolactin release in healthy women. AB - The aim of the present study was to test whether cimetidine (Cim) influences PIF (prolactin inhibitory factor), and thereby indirectly affects the release of prolactin (PRL) from the pituitary lactotrophs. For that purpose 10 mg metoclopramide (Met), known for its dopamine-receptor blocking properties, were first given orally to 6 subjects. This raised the PRL level from 13 +/- 2 to 97 +/- 12 ng/ml in 60 min (p less than 0.001). PRL tended to plateau at this level until 120 min. An additional 7 subjects were then injected iv with 400 mg Cim, 90 min after oral administration of placebo. Placebo did not change the basal PRL level, but the subsequent Cim injection raised the PRL level from 14 +/- 4 to 66 +/- 9 ng/ml (p less than 0.01). When, in the same subjects, an oral dose of Met was given (10 mg) PRL increased from 19 +/- 4 to 112 +/- 10 ng/ml (p less than 0.001). A subsequent Cim injection, given on top of the PRL plateau, 90 min after the Met ingestion, however, failed to induce any further increase in PRL. To exclude that this failure was not merely a reflection of a Met-induced depletion of the PRL stores, 25 micrograms thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) were given iv to an additional 6 subjects, 90 min after ingestion of either placebo or Met. Also in these subjects placebo left basal PRL unaffected. The subsequent TRH injection, however, raised PRL from 10 +/- 2 to 55 +/- 6 ng/ml (p less than 0.001). Met increased PRL from 17 +/- 4 to 133 +/- 19 ng/ml (p less than 0.01) in these subjects, and TRH, subsequently injected, induced a further PRL increase to 174 +/- 18 ng/ml (p less than 0.01). The observation that Cim fails to elicit an increase in PRL after priming with Met thus indicates that Cim, under normal conditions, stimulates the PRL release via a reduced dopaminergic inhibition of the lactotrophs. PMID- 7132729 TI - The effect of shellfish in the diet upon the plasma lipid levels in humans. AB - In order to document any hypercholesterolemic effects from the ingestion of shellfish, 6 normal men were given two diets containing different shellfish, each preceded by a low cholesterol baseline diet. Diet I contained 449 mg cholesterol per day from lobster, crab, and shrimp. Diet II contained clam, oyster, and scallop and provided 447 mg of sterols of which cholesterol constituted only 40 percent. The other sterols are uniquely characteristic of these shellfish (i.e. brassicasterol, 24-methylene cholesterol, etc.). In a second study, 2 normal men and 1 type II hypercholesterolemic woman were fed the baseline diet and shellfish diet II to provide 623 mg of sterols per day. The plasma cholesterol of the 6 subjects averaged 184 +/- 35 mg/dl during baseline, 192 +/- 35 mg/dl in shellfish diet I (p less than 0.05) and 182 +/- 24 mg/dl during shellfish diet II. In the second study, the plasma cholesterol of the 2 normal men did not change. The cholesterol of the hypercholesterolemic woman increased from 311 mg/dl (baseline) to 352 during the shellfish diet (p less than 0.05). Plasma triglyceride levels remained unchanged. Our data indicated that large quantities of lobster, crab, and shrimp were only mildly hypercholesterolemic in normals, but less so than other cholesterol-containing foods. Clams, oysters, and scallops were not hypercholesterolemic in normal subjects but were in a hypercholesterolemic patient. PMID- 7132730 TI - Factors affecting unstimulated flux through the hexose monophosphate shunt during incubations of human red blood cells. PMID- 7132731 TI - Glycerol-induced hypoglycemia: a syndrome associated with multiple liver enzyme deficiencies. Clinical and in vitro studies. AB - A 4 10/12 yr-old white male presented with a history of occasional grand mal seizures and hypoglycemic episodes after overnight fasting. Upon evaluation, he became hypoglycemic after 1 g/kg oral glycerol challenge (plasma glucose: 31 mg/dl in 45 min), but had normal glucose, alanine and fructose tolerance tests. He responded well to a glucagon challenge after 11 hr fast but he became hypoglycemic and could not normalize his blood glucose after a 2nd glucagon stimulation test after 17 hr of fasting. Studies conducted on a percutaneous liver biopsy, and compared with 3 non-hypoglycemic controls, showed reduced activities (20%-30% of normal) of alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, alpha glycerophosphate oxidase and fructose-1,6-diphosphatase. Alpha glycerophosphate in the patient's liver was elevated. Two types of electrophoresis showed absence of one enzymatically active zone and overall decrease of staining intensity for alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase. Other liver enzymes tested were normal. The 50% inhibition of the patient's liver fructose-1,6-diphosphatase by alpha glycerophosphate occurred, in vitro, or lower concentration than in controls (11 versus 22-40 mM). Electron microscopy revealed hepatocytes with moderately swollen mitochondria that very occasionally contained dense inclusions in the inner mitochondrial matrix. After discharge from the hospital, the patient followed a normal course, with a regimen of multiple snacks and avoidance of high fat food in the morning. PMID- 7132732 TI - Reciprocal responses to clofibrate in ketogenesis and triglyceride and cholesterol secretion in isolated rat liver. AB - The effect of clofibrate on the production of ketone bodies and the secretion of lipids was examined in the isolated rat liver. Feeding of clofibrate (0.3% in the diet) for a week caused the liver enlargement. The drug increased ketone body production and conversely decreased the secretion of triglyceride and cholesterol in the perfused liver, in particular when oleate was provided to the perfusion medium. Fractionation of the liver perfusate at the density of 1.006 g/ml showed that changes in the rate of lipid secretion were largely due to the modification of the rate of very low density lipoprotein secretion. These observations indicated that the enhancement of fatty acid oxidation by clofibrate resulted in the concomitant decrease in the flux of free fatty acid into triglyceride synthesis and subsequent formation and secretion of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in the liver. Measurement of activities of enzymes involved in hepatic cholesterogenesis proved that the alteration of the rate of hepatic cholesterogenesis might not be a factor responsible for the hypocholesterolemic action of clofibrate. PMID- 7132733 TI - Heat production by adipocytes from obese subjects before and after weight reduction. AB - Microcalorimetry has been employed to measure the heat production by adipocytes obtained by percutaneous biopsy from lean subjects and from obese subjects before and after weight reduction. Cellular heat production was significantly lower in obese than in lean subjects. After weight reduction cellular heat production increased in fat cells from the obese subjects but was still significantly lower than in cells from control subjects. A number of variables reflecting uptake and mobilization of depot fat have measured and correlated to the heat production values in the obese subjects. The findings are consistent with the view that a decreased total metabolic activity might contribute to the development or perpetuation of obesity. PMID- 7132734 TI - Action of L-epinephrine on the renin-aldosterone system and on urinary electrolyte excretion in man. AB - The effect of L-epinephrine infusions (0.5-6.5 micrograms/min for up to 24 hr) in recumbency, on the renin-aldosterone system was studied in normal volunteers on diets containing 200 mEq sodium. Urinary sodium excretion was increased, potassium excretion was decreased, aldosterone excretion was suppressed while blood pressure and heart rate were minimally affected by epinephrine (1 microgram/min). Inulin and para-aminohippurate clearances changed transiently and slightly during epinephrine infusions over 10 hr in normal subjects. In separate experiments, epinephrine lowered serum K, raised serum Na, raised plasma renin activity and, usually lowered plasma aldosterone concentrations. There was an excellent correlation between epinephrine-induced changes in serum K and plasma aldosterone concentrations (r = +0.85, p less than 0.001). Significant dose response relationships were found between L-epinephrine infusion rates of 0.5-6.5 micrograms/min and observed serum K concentrations. We conclude that L epinephrine infusions at rates probably well within the physiological range, induce hypokalemia (by increased cellular uptake of K) which lowers aldosterone secretion depsite concomitant elevation of PRA and causes natriuresis for up to 24 hr. PMID- 7132735 TI - The conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine in man. Direct measurement by continuous intravenous tracer infusions of L-[ring-2H5]phenylalanine and L-[1 13C] tyrosine in the postabsorptive state. AB - Steady state phenylalanine and tyrosine turnover and the rate of conversion of phenylalanine of tyrosine in vivo were determined in 6 healthy postabsorptive adult volunteers. Continuous infusions of tracer amounts of L-[ring 2H5]phenylalanine were determined intravenously for 13-14 hr. After 9-10 hr, a priming dose followed by a continuous infusion of L-[1-13C]tyrosine was added and maintained, along with the [2H5]phenylalanine infusion, for 4 hr. Venous plasma samples were obtained before the initiation of each infusion and every 30 min during the course of the combined [2H5]phenylalanine and [13C]tyrosine infusion for determination of isotopic enrichments of [2H5]phenylalanine, [13C]tyrosine, and [2H4]tyrosine by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometric analysis of the N trifluoroacetyl-, methyl ester derivatives of the amino acids. Calculated from the observed enrichments, free phenylalanine and tyrosine turnover rates were 36.1 +/- 5.1 mumole . kg-1 . h-1 and 39.8 +/- 3.5 mumole . kg-1 . h-1, respectively. Phenylalanine was converted to tyrosine at the rate of 5.83 +/- 0.59 mumole . kg-1 . h-1, accounting for approximately 16% of either the phenylalanine or the tyrosine flux. The results indicate that the normal basal steady state phenylalanine hydroxylase activity in vivo in man is lower than that obtained from phenylalanine loading studies. This supports the existence of some type of substance activation of the enzyme as reflected in the previously reported exponential relationship between phenylalanine concentration and phenylalanine hydroxylase activity in vitro. The use of continuous simultaneous infusions of tracer amounts of stable isotope-labeled phenylalanine and tyrosine provides a direct means for studying physiological regulation of phenylalanine hydroxylase activity in vivo. PMID- 7132736 TI - Impaired prolactin responsiveness to dopamine antagonists in acromegaly. AB - Prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) secretion have been evaluated in 17 acromegalic patients following acute administration of two dopamine (DA) receptor antagonists, i.e. sulpiride (SULP) and domperidone (DOM). Six patients had persistent hyperprolactinemia. In 8 normoprolactinemic patients, i.m. injection of 100 mg SULP elicited only a slight rise iN plasma PRL, which was strikingly lower than that SULP induced in control subjects. Likewise, an i.v. bolus injection of DOM (4 mg) was barely effective to raise plasma PRL in the 11 normoprolactinemic and the 6 hyperprolactinemic patients. DOM was instead capable of inducing a clear-cut rise in plasma PRL in normoprolactinemic controls and in a group of subjects with puerperal hyperprolactinemia. Neither drug affected GH secretion in acromegalic patients. It is proposed that a defective tuberoinfundibular DA function or, alternatively, a diminished PRL reserve due to a decrease pituitary lactotroph mass may be responsible for the blunted PRL responsiveness of acromegalics. However, standing the paucity of present knowledge on the pituitary PRL secretory pool in acromegalics, neither hypothesis seems capable to account satisfactory for the reported results. PMID- 7132737 TI - Relationship of plasma leucine and alpha-ketoisocaproate during a L-[1 13C]leucine infusion in man: a method for measuring human intracellular leucine tracer enrichment. AB - The keto analog of leucine, alpha-ketoisocaproate (KIC), is formed intracellularly from leucine and is released, in part, into the systemic circulation. Therefore. KIC can be used to estimate intracellular leucine tracer enrichment in man during labeled-leucine tracer experiments without requiring tissue biopsy samples. This approach was studied in young, healthy, male adults maintained on different dietary protein intakes from generous (1.5 g kg-1d-1) to deficient (0.0 g kg-1d-1) for 5-7 day periods. At the end of each dietary period, the volunteers were given a primed, continuous infusion of L-[1-13C]leucine either after an overnight fast (postabsorptive state) or while being fed hourly aliquots of the same diet. The plasma concentrations of all 3 branched-chain amino and keto acid pairs were measured from early morning blood samples taken from 4 subjects at 4 different levels of protein intake. Leucine concentration showed a weak correlation, and valine concentration showed a strong correlation with protein intake; isoleucine and the 3 keto acids did not. However, each branched-chain amino acid concentration was strongly correlated with its corresponding keto acid concentration. In plasma samples obtained during the L-[1 13C]leucine infusions, the ratio of [1-13C]KIC to [1-13C]leucine enrichment ratio remained relatively constant (77 +/- 1% over the wide range of dietary protein intakes and for both the fed and postabsorptive states. For the tissues from which the plasma KIC originates, the rate of plasma leucine into cells will account for approximately 77% of the intracellular leucine flux with the remaining 23% coming primarily from leucine release via protein breakdown. The constant nature of the plasma KIC to leucine 13C enrichment ratio implies that relative changes in leucine kinetics will appear the same under many dietary circumstances regardless of whether plasma leucine or KIC enrichments are used for the calculations. PMID- 7132739 TI - Plasma vitamin D metabolite levels in phosphorus deficient rats during the development of vitamin D deficient rickets. AB - Plasma levels of the vitamin D metabolites were related to changes in bone morphology during the development of rickets in rats deprived of phosphorus and vitamin D. Weanling rats were studied at 1, 3, and 5 wk after onset of diets deficient in phosphorus or in both phosphorus and vitamin D. Bone histology and morphometry were carried out and measurements were made of 45Ca and 32P absorption, serum Ca and P, and plasma 25(OH)D3, 24,25(OH)2D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3. After 1 wk of vitamin D restriction, the plasma levels of 25(OH)D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3 were non-detectable (less than 0.5 and less than 0.8 ng/ml). The plasma 1,25(OH)2D3 level was elevated at 1 wk (105.5 pg/ml) and fell to 19 pg/ml by 5 wk. At 1 wk mild rachitic lesions in epiphyseal cartilage were observed despite the elevated 1,25(Oh)D3 level. Serum Ca and P levels and values for 45CA and 32P absorption decreased and the severity of the rickets increased with the fall in plasma levels of 1,25(OH)2D3. In Vitamin D replete, phosphate deficient rats the epiphyseal cartilage was normal throughout the 5 wk study period. Our results provide further evidence that physiological levels of 1,25 (OH)2 D3 will not prevent rickets without adequate plasma concentrations of either 25(OH)D3 or 24,25(OH)2D3. PMID- 7132738 TI - Bone matrix and mineral abnormalities in postmenopausal osteoporosis. AB - Iliac crest biopsies from 56 postmenopausal osteoporotic females with spontaneous compression fractures and decreased total body Ca were compared to similar tissue from 48 normal controls. Biopsies were analyzed for bone density, Na, Ca, Mg, P, Co3, and hydroxyproline (OH-P). From the results OH-P/matrix, % mineral, and the ion content of the mineral were calculated. osteoporotic subjects showed decreased bone density, % mineral in bone, and OH-P in the bone matrix. Within the mineral, CO3 and Ca/P were decreased, while Na and Mg were increased. Statistical analysis showed that matrix OH-P and % mineral varied independently, and therefore the patients were separated into 4 subgroups: Group Ia: decreased matrix OH-P with normal % mineral (n = 9), Group Ib: decreased matrix OH-P with decreased % mineral (n = 5), Group IIa: normal matrix OH-P with normal % mineral (n = 33), Group IIb: normal matrix OH-P with decreased % mineral (n = 9). Decreased % mineral was associated with decreased bone density and an increase in Na and Mg in the mineral, which suggests skeletal Ca deficiency. Decreased matrix OH-P was associated with decreased bone density and, in the low % mineral group, with decreased mineral CO3 and Ca/P, suggesting a mineral of decreased mean crystal size. When both abnormalities coexisted (Group Ib), the greatest reduction in total body Ca was seen. Patients with normal matrix and normal % mineral (Group IIa) still had decreased bone density. The results suggest that in a large, clinically homogeneous population of postmenopausal osteoporotic women, 4 subgroups can be identified by differences in chemical composition of iliac crest biopsies. PMID- 7132740 TI - Exercise does not change high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in women after ten weeks of training. AB - Effects of a 10 wk, three times per wk individualized bicycle ergometer training program were investigated in 16 healthy sedentary women 19-29 yr-old who were not taking oral contraceptives or other medications. Twelve women were in an interval type program, 6 in a continuous program, all performing 30 min exercise per session at 70% maximum heart rate reserve. Conditioning responses did not differ between the training regimens. Training produced increases in maximum oxygen uptake and physical work capacity. Percent body fat determined by underwater weighing was significantly reduced as was resting heart rate, after the training program. Maximum heart rate was unchanged. Despite changes in "fitness" variables, post-training values of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides did not differ from pretraining. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly reduced at 2 and 5 wk of training and returned to control levels at 10 wk. Exercise conditioning leading to improved physical fitness in healthy women may not be associated with increments in high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. PMID- 7132741 TI - Altered erythrocyte Na+ + K+ pump in adolescent obesity. AB - The number of Na/K pump units and the cation transport activity of the pump were measured in erythrocytes from two etiologically different groups of obese adolescents and a group of normal controls. There was a significant reduction in the number of pump units, as measured by saturation ouabain binding, in erythrocytes from adolescents with idiopathic, early onset obesity. Individuals whose obesity developed subsequent to the appearance of a variety of hypothalamic lesions showed no reduction in the red cell complement of Na/K pump when compared to controls and the cation transport activity of their cells was higher than both the controls and the subjects with idiopathic obesity. These results support data obtained in adults that reduced red cell Na/K pump levels are seen in a group of individuals with idiopathic obesity. They further suggest that such reductions are not likely to be secondary to the obese state per se. PMID- 7132742 TI - High density lipoprotein subfractions and postheparin plasma lipases in alcoholic men before and after ethanol withdrawal. PMID- 7132743 TI - The relationship between alanine and ketone body in vivo. PMID- 7132744 TI - The alanine-ketone body cycle hypothesis. PMID- 7132745 TI - Prostaglandins and arachidonate metabolites. PMID- 7132746 TI - Characterization and assay of diacylglycerol lipase from human platelets. PMID- 7132747 TI - Purification and assay of 9-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase from rat kidney. PMID- 7132748 TI - Purification of PGD2 11-ketoreductase from rabbit liver. PMID- 7132749 TI - Isolation and properties of an NAD+-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase from human placenta. PMID- 7132750 TI - Microassay procedure for NAD+-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase. PMID- 7132751 TI - Purification of NADP+/NADPH-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase and prostaglandin 9-ketoreductase from porcine kidney. PMID- 7132752 TI - Isolation of NADP+-dependent PGD2-specific 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase from swine brain. PMID- 7132753 TI - Isolation and properties of a 15-ketoprostaglandin delta 13-reductase from human placenta. PMID- 7132754 TI - Measurement of prostaglandin omega-hydroxylase activity. PMID- 7132755 TI - Purified human placental arylsulfatases: their actions on slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis and synthetic leukotrienes. PMID- 7132756 TI - Radioimmunoassay and immunochromatography of 12-L-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. PMID- 7132758 TI - Problems of PGE antisera specificity. PMID- 7132757 TI - Radioimmunoassay of the 6-sulfido-peptide-leukotrienes and serologic specificity of the anti-leukotriene D4 plasma. PMID- 7132759 TI - A radioimmunoassay for thromboxane B2. PMID- 7132760 TI - Preparation of selectively labeled phosphatidylinositol and assay of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C. PMID- 7132761 TI - Radioimmunologic determination of 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGE2: a method for its stable degradation product, 11-deoxy-15-keto-13,14-dihydro-11 beta, 16 xi-cyclo PGE2. PMID- 7132762 TI - Radioimmunoassay of 5 alpha, 7 alpha-dihydroxy-11-ketotetranorprostane-1,16-dioic acid, a major prostaglandin F metabolite in blood and urine. PMID- 7132763 TI - Preparation and analysis of radiolabeled phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine containing 3H- and 14C-labeled polyunsaturated fatty acids. PMID- 7132765 TI - Synthesis of stable thromboxane A2 analogs: pinane thromboxane A2 (PTA2) and carbocyclic thromboxane A2 (CTA2). PMID- 7132764 TI - Preparation of PGG2 and PGH2. PMID- 7132766 TI - Preparation, purification, and structure elucidation of slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis from guinea pig lung. AB - The work that we have described had originally three main aims: (a) to design a new purification system for SRS-A from which we would obtain pure material for the structural analysis: (b) to define the functional groups in the pure material by spectrophotometric, chemical, and enzymic inactivation methods; and (c) to deduce the complete covalent structure by an accepted spectroscopic method capable of defining structure in atomic detail. These aims have been achieved. The structure of SRS-A, the physiologically more relevant example of the SRSs that were studied, because it was derived immunologically from an animal model of an acute hypersensitivity reaction, has been rigorously defined. Of paramount importance in the determination of this structure was the mass spectrometric analysis of the intact molecule. Degradative and comparative studies are not capable of unequivocally defining structure. For example, the mass spectrum clearly showed the absence of an amide or similar C-terminal blocking groups or, as has been suggested, a sulfone in the molecule; such conclusions could not be drawn from comparative chromatographic data even on multiple systems. Mass spectrometric analysis of the intact molecule could overcome these problems by allowing the complete covalent structure to be collated from the information obtained from each fragmentation. The use of stable isotopes and accurate mass measurement removed possible ambiguities in the interpretation, and the sensitivity and specificity of mass spectrometry made it the method of choice for the structural analysis. PMID- 7132768 TI - Separation of arachidonic acid metabolites by high-pressure liquid chromatography. PMID- 7132767 TI - Extraction and thin-layer chromatography of arachidonic acid metabolites. PMID- 7132769 TI - Preparation of 18O derivatives of eicosanoids for GC-MS quantitative analysis. PMID- 7132771 TI - Quantitative assay of urinary 2,3-dinor thromboxane B2 by GC-MS. PMID- 7132770 TI - Quantitation of 15-Keto-13,14-dihydro-PGE2 in plasma by GC-MS1. PMID- 7132772 TI - Preparation of 2,3,4,5-tetranor-thromboxane B2, the major urinary catabolite of thromboxane B2 in the rat. PMID- 7132773 TI - Measurement of 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) in biological fluids by GC MS. PMID- 7132774 TI - Purification of PGH-PGD isomerase from rat brain. PMID- 7132775 TI - Isolation of PGH-PGD isomerase from rat spleen. PMID- 7132776 TI - Purification of PGH-PGE isomerase from sheep vesicular glands. PMID- 7132777 TI - Informatics to improve medical care of a nation. PMID- 7132778 TI - Comments on Lindberg's correction for the effects of observer variation on probabilistic diagnosis. PMID- 7132779 TI - Computer implementation of the hierarchical-modular approach to treatment protocols. PMID- 7132780 TI - Reliability of history taking and physical examination in jaundice. PMID- 7132782 TI - A quarter of a century with computers in medicine. PMID- 7132781 TI - Index for rating predictive accuracy of screening tests. PMID- 7132783 TI - Prenatal diagnosis: cell biological approaches. PMID- 7132784 TI - Fetoscopy and fetal biopsy. PMID- 7132785 TI - Application of cell-fusion techniques to induce amniotic fluid cells to express special functions and for complementation analysis. PMID- 7132786 TI - Cellulase enzyme from Aspergillus niger. AB - Cellulase enzyme was produced by a selected strain of Aspergillus niger isolated from deteriorated wood and grown on different carbon sources. Filter paper gave the highest yield, followed by carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Cellobiose as well as glucose gave a low yield, while the yield from lactose was negligible. The concentration of filter paper cellulose that induced the maximum yield of the enzyme was 1%. Both soluble cellulose (CMC) and cotton cellulose treated with phosphoric acid (swollen) were easily hydrolyzed by cellulase; an increase in cellulase concentration lead to more hydrolysis of CMC and gave linearity in the reaction velocity. At certain concentrations of the enzyme, increase in CMC concentration, (up to 1%) resulted in more reducing sugar. Beyond this point no more hydrolysis occur. PMID- 7132787 TI - Characterization of type XIX capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae IID 559. PMID- 7132788 TI - Characterization of avian paramyxoviruses isolated from feral ducks in northern Japan: the presence of three distinct viruses in nature. AB - Seventy-eight strains of avian paramyxoviruses (PMV) were isolated from cloacal and/or tracheal swabs taken from 1,342 feral ducks, comprised of spot-bill ducks, mallards, pintails, teals, falcated teals, wigeons and buffle-heads, in Wakuya cho, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, between 1976 and 1979. Five and a half percent of the ducks were positive for virus. Serological and structural characterization indicated that three different avian paramyxoviruses are prevalent in the Japanese feral duck population. The first group of PMV was Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and in vivo pathogenecity tests in embryonated chicken eggs and 1 day-old chicks revealed that all the NDV strains isolated were avirulent. The second and most prevalent strain was closely related to PMV-4, duck/Hong Kong/D3/75 strain. The viruses of the third group were recovered only from pintails. They cross-reacted antigenically with PMV-3 when antisera to the PMV-3 reference strains, turkey/Wisconsin/68 and parakeet/Netherlands/449/75, were employed. However, no cross-reaction was observed when antiserum to pintail/Wakuya/20/78, the prototype of this group, was used. The viruses of the third group also differed in viral polypeptide profile from the reference strains of PMV-3. PMID- 7132789 TI - Studies on the neutralizing antibody to herpes simplex virus. III. Detection of type-specific antibody by slow-reacting complement-requiring neutralizing antibody assay. AB - The type-specific antibody responses in rabbits immunized with both types of herpes simplex virus (HSV), measured by complement-requiring neutralizing (CRN) and slow-reacting CRN (s-CRN) antibody assays were compared. Titers of type specific antibody measured by s-CRN antibody assay were always markedly higher than those measured by CRN antibody assay. The s-CRN antibody assay was so sensitive that even an undetectable level of CRN antibody could be readily detected by this method. The detection of type-specific antibody by s-CRN antibody assay may be useful when attempting to analyze human HSV infection. PMID- 7132790 TI - A passive hemagglutination test for detection of antibodies against M antigen of group A type 12 streptococci in human sera. PMID- 7132791 TI - Scanning electron microscopic studies of the extracellular polysaccharides (EP) synthesized in colonies of Streptococcus mutans: development of EP and the effect of dextranase on them. PMID- 7132792 TI - Occurrence and biochemical properties of Haemophilus species in pharyngeal flora of healthy individuals. PMID- 7132793 TI - Age distribution of the antibody to type C influenza virus. PMID- 7132794 TI - [Effect of a number of physicochemical factors on the lytic activity against yeasts of thermophilic bacteria in the genus Bacillus]. PMID- 7132795 TI - [Formation of B group vitamins by the thermophilic hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium Pseudomonas thermophila K-2]. PMID- 7132796 TI - [Effect of Na-benzylpenicillic salt on methane formation by Methanobacillus kuzneceovii]. PMID- 7132797 TI - [Antibacterial properties of Helichrysum plicatum DC]. PMID- 7132799 TI - History taking. PMID- 7132798 TI - [Inoculability of enteropathogenic bacteria depending on the method of taking specimens from patients]. PMID- 7132801 TI - Personality factors as predictors of medical students performance. AB - Personality characteristics were studied among a group of candidates chosen to study medicine in a selection process determined in large part by personal interview ratings. These personality characteristics were examined further with regard to their relation to student performance in an interpersonally community oriented school of medicine. Seven scales taken from the California Psychological Inventory (CPI) were studied in regard to their relationship to interview ratings, cognitive and clinical performance and an overall rating by a team of teaching staff. 'Dominance', 'Self-acceptance', 'Well-being'., 'Tolerance', 'Responsibility' and 'Achievement via conformance' were found to be significantly, albeit modestly, correlated to interview ratings, while 'Achievement via independence' was not. All seven CPI scales, except Responsibility significantly differentiated between contrasted groups on cognitive examination scores and overall teachers' ratings, but not on clinical ratings. Discriminant analyses suggested that 'Achievement via independence', 'Self-acceptance', 'Dominance' and 'Achievement via conformance' were the best overall predictors of congnitive performance and teaching staff ratings. Implications for selection of training of interpersonally, community-oriented professionals in medicine and allied helping fields are discussed. PMID- 7132800 TI - Examination anxiety in medical students: experiences with the visual analogue scale for anxiety. AB - Medical students' levels of anxiety under different conditions of stress were investigated, as well as the stability of anxiety ratings from one examination to another. After completing an end-of-term psychiatry examination, fourth-year medical students at Monash University were asked to score the Visual Analogue Scale for Anxiety (VASA) for three situational cues; usual day-to-day anxiety, highest anxiety associated with major exams the previous year and anxiety experienced in the end-of-term examination just completed. Twenty-eight weeks later students rated their anxiety in a subsequent end-of-term psychiatry examination. Most students rated themselves toward the lower end of the VASA for day-to-day anxiety and as having significantly, though not markedly higher anxiety in the end-of-term psychiatry examinations. The previous year's examinations, marking the end of pre-clinical training, provoked extremely high anxiety for most students, who achieved academically despite this. Comparison of anxiety ratings for the two end-of-term examinations indicated that VASA ratings shifted substantially for half the class. This variation suggests that students' levels of anxiety are not stable and predictable from one examination to another. Examination anxiety should not be seen necessarily as a consistent response to a specific and recurring situation. It is postulated that a range of situational factors and personal pressures, operating at the time, may determine how much anxiety is experienced as a reaction to the examination. PMID- 7132802 TI - Description of an examination for the objective assessment of history-taking ability. AB - A novel examination of the ability of final-year medical students to take a targeted history is described. One hundred and nine students were examined in 1 day. Each student interviewed three patients, each with a different problem. One of these persons was a real patient, while the other two were simulated patients. Patients were able to give consistent histories and the use of simulated patients enabled a high degree of standardization to be achieved. The examination provided a useful degree of discrimination among students; the marks scored followed a normal distribution with a mean value of 22.2 and a range from 16 to 29 out of a maximum of 30 marks. We believe that this examination is valid, reliable and practical. PMID- 7132803 TI - Recall of lecture information: a question of what, when and where. AB - In this paper we report on a study in which both immediate and long-term (4-month delay) recall of lecture information was tested in a group of preclinical medical students. Comparisons were made of the recall of visually and verbally presented lecture information and of information presented during different time periods in the lecture. A clear superiority of visual information over verbal information was found in both immediate and long-term recall. Information presented between the fifteenth and thirtieth minutes of the lecture was recalled best whereas the worst recall was found for information presented in the first 15 minutes. The seating position of the student in the lecture theatre was also found to be associated with the level of immediate recall but this may be a reflection of motivational factors which determine where students choose to sit rather than of seating position per se. The overall pattern of results indicate that the level of recall of lecture information by medical students is therefore a function of what type of information is presented, when during the lecture it is presented and where the student sits in the lecture theatre. PMID- 7132804 TI - Microfiches as an aid to teaching histology. AB - A set of six colour microfiches and an atlas of black-and-white prints of the photomicrographs used in the microfiches have been prepared by the author and have been used for teaching an Histology course to medical students for 4 years. Students reaction to them and their use has been gauged by voluntary questionnaires. Of students who responded, 78% found the microfiches made the course easier for them; 76% like the microfiches because they can use them for home study; 77% find them useful for class discussion; 62% like them because of their colour reproduction. A small group of fifteen students, who failed the Histology course the year prior to the introduction of microfiches and subsequently repeated the course, felt they could revise better with the help of the microfiches. Also they felt the course was clearer. Comparison of the examination results of the students for the 4 years preceding the introduction of microfiches with those of the 4 years since, shows an improvement in mean percentage achieved together with a decrease in the standard deviation (s.d.). PMID- 7132805 TI - Residents' training goals in respiratory knowledge and skills: perspective of three parties. AB - Medical residents, full-time respiratory teaching staff, and community-based doctors rated the importance of fifty-five respiratory training goals involving knowledge and skills necessary for the future practices of all medical residents. Residents also rated their perceived preparedness in these training areas. Intra- and inter-group analyses indicated that residents agreed more often, and consistently assigned more importance (94% of goals) to the training goals, than did the teachers and doctors. Although the residents considered themselves prepared for 69% of the training goals, they also had moderate intra-group disagreement. These results may reflect variable training experiences and/or institutional practices, but areas of less than adequate preparation were identified and can be corrected. The other two groups were in general agreement except regarding some clinical skills. This study offers possible explanations for the group responses and indicates the potential benefit for groups to discuss, identify, and survey training goals. PMID- 7132806 TI - The tracer method of curriculum analysis: identifying changes in oncology subject matter in medicine. AB - Changes occurring in oncology subject matter in an undergraduate medical curriculum over a 5-year period were documented using the tracer method of curriculum analysis. The tracer method is an empirical approach somewhat analogous to tracing one thread through a tapestry, as a way of following a subject matter interwoven throughout a curriculum. Advantages of the method can be to bring particular material to the attention of teaching staff and students, to facilitate more efficient instruction, and to introduce peer review of educational material. PMID- 7132807 TI - Interdisciplinary teaching of community paediatrics. AB - An experiment of combining decentralized and interdisciplinary teaching is described. Seminars were arranged at a district hospital for medical, nursing and social work students to discuss families with a chronically ill child. The purpose of these seminars was to teach co-operation between different health care workers, and to stress the importance of becoming acquainted with the family situation, and learn what a child's illness means to the whole family. An evaluation of the first three seminars shows that this type of teaching was very well received by the students, professionals and families concerned. The students considered house calls an important part of their education and felt that more interdisciplinary teaching should be included in their curriculum. In addition to the teaching aspect, the families involved also considered the seminars a positive experience as they receive more information about their child's disease, and deficiencies in treatment could be corrected. PMID- 7132808 TI - Doctors who did not participate in a continuing education programme. AB - One hundred doctors were interviewed regarding their use of a series of educational programmes which had been mailed to them unsolicited. Doctors who used the materials did not differ from those who did not with respect to geographical location, sex and higher qualifications. The forty-five doctors who had used the programmes tended to be younger than those who did not. The commonest reason given for non-participation in the programme was lack of time. Following the interviews at least five doctors, who had not previously done so, used the programmes. PMID- 7132809 TI - A reciprocal relationship between the adenohypophysis and the pineal gland. AB - Data are presented which indicate an influence of the pineal gland on the adenohypophysis and the effects of some adenohypophyseal hormones on the pineal gland, suggesting the existence of a reciprocal relationship between these two glands. PMID- 7132810 TI - A hypothesis on the pathogenesis of rheumatoid and other non-specific synovitides based on a combination of observations often overlooked. AB - In early synovitides the tissue inflammatory cell reaction is often weak and sometimes absent, many alterations being consistent with nonvasculitic exudation (I). Increased permeability to protein may require little, if any, endothelial damage. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA) increased transfer of fluid and protein from vessels is not restricted to joints, suggesting that exudation is more liable to induce inflammation in joints than in other tissues of ambulant individuals (II). At least 17 vascular, rheological and other "primary" mechanisms may contribute to the formation of exudates; combinations of only a few of these may be required to produce joint effusions. Some mechanisms may explain why inflammation in RA favours joints (III). Joint effusions increase intra-articular hydrostatic pressure, contributing to synovial hypoxia, glycolysis and acidosis, which may be important "secondary" mechanisms in synovial inflammation (IV). Only a few of the "primary" mechanisms are strictly local ones, and RA may predominantly be a systemic disease dependent on combinations of minor aberrations in metabolic, endocrine and other functions (V). The combination of contributing mechanisms is not necessarily the same in two patients fulfilling the criteria for RA, and patients with clinically different types of synovitis may share pathogenetic mechanisms (VI). PMID- 7132811 TI - Implications from studies of the nucleus accumbens: toward a multi-factor theory of schizophrenia. AB - A model is propose of dopamine and histamine modulation of afferent hippocampal activity in the nucleus accumbens. It is suggested that increased dopamine action leads to an increase in the signal/noise ratio or a form of contrast enhancement. To the contrary, the effect of an increased histamine action would be to inhibit the most salient incoming hippocampal message; i.e., a form of contrast reduction. PMID- 7132812 TI - DNA ligase: a site for the immunological destruction of cancer cells. AB - An hypothesis is presented which could lead to cancer treatment by passive immunotherapy. It is based on the specificity of antigen-antibody reactions. Essential enzymes produced by cancer cells which are involved in the replication and invasiveness of cancer might be nullified by such treatment. PMID- 7132813 TI - Risk, susceptibility and the epidemiology of proliferative neoplastic disease: descriptive vs. mechanistic approaches. AB - Recently there has been a confusing and somewhat frustrating difference of opinion in epidemiology concerning the relative merit and utility of descriptive versus mechanistic knowledge in approaching the comprehension and control of human cancer. This distinction has both historical and evolutionary rationale; it generally being necessary to know something of WHAT is happening before one can be legitimately concerned with HOW it is happening. As outlined below, however, there is little justification for making value judgements based on this distinction, and the situation is more one in which descriptive approaches and mechanistic approaches are equally essential in the development of a systematic viewpoint, a viewpoint providing guidance to meaningful intervention. PMID- 7132814 TI - Language and the brain: implications from new computer models. AB - Computer systems for processing and "understanding" natural language have, up to now, used semantic and syntactic procedures that provide meanings of words in terms only of other words or some structural algorithms that ultimately relate to other words. There is a long-standing and widely held belief that words, or their unknown neuronal correlates, are fundamental to verbal meaning, concepts, and thought but over the last decade, evidence has been accumulating in neurology and psychology to indicate that this is not so. We have developed a new computer system for representing the meaning of words and sentences, by which word meanings are described non-verbally in terms of sensorimotor and other modality codes. It is suggested here that the principles of this system might usefully be applied to understanding the cerebral mechanisms of some verbal and cognitive processes and their disorders. In particular the hypothesis is proposed that verbal meaning is essentially non-verbal, and that it may be represented, for both words and sentences in terms of interassociated modal percepts or their neuronal correlates. PMID- 7132815 TI - Predictive dentistry: a study in carbohydrate metabolism. AB - The virtues of prediction in the so-called health sciences are well-known. There is still small but burgeoning interest in predictive medicine; little has been done in predictive dentistry. The evidence presented in this report suggests that carbohydrate metabolism may be utilized as a predictive instrument in dentistry. While the emphasis in this document rests on biochemical techniques, there are other avenues, physiologic ones, such as photomotogrammetry, which can also be used. It is hoped that these paradigms will catalyze interest in this fascinating subject and generate research by others along these lines. PMID- 7132816 TI - Nutrient-genetic drive hypothesis of biological expression. AB - The cellular change from an ordered to anaplastic state occurs as a part of a normal biological process which works to increase the chance of survival of the genome. This change of state is driven primarily by changes in the micronutrient environment. The anaplastic state of cells provides a framework for dramatic changes in biological expression, and offers a means for the introduction of new species. Neoplasms are a product of this natural mechanism for survival of the genome with unfortunate consequences for the host cell population. PMID- 7132817 TI - The relation of genetics to essential hypertension: a review. AB - Essential hypertension is fundamentally a genetic disease which emerges because of environmental impact. The genetic factors involve intracellular abnormalities which affect calcium metabolism within smooth muscle cells and possibly within the heart and sympathetic nervous system. These abnormalities are influenced by one or more proteins of which calmodulin is a candidate. Sodium pump abnormalities may be primary but may be secondary feedback effects. Homeostasis keeps the blood pressure and cardiac function normal, but eventually becomes less effective. Such homeostasis is produced by negative feedback, but positive external factors also influence the eventual results. Gross homeostasis is provided by the baroreceptors, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, etc. The malfunction of any one or any combination of these systems may produce or accelerate hypertension. Hyperplasia and hypertrophy of arteriolar smooth muscle play their role but also multiply the genetic cellular defects. It is possible that in the early history of man essential hypertension had an advantage which now has become obsolete because normotensive man's potential lifespan has been increased by modern civilization. PMID- 7132818 TI - The pneumatic antishock garment. PMID- 7132820 TI - Ambulance deployment with the hypercube queuing model. AB - A computer-implemented mathematical model has been developed to assist planners in the spatial deployment and dispatching of ambulances. The model incorporates uncertainties in the arrival times, locations, and service requirements of patients, building on the branch of operations research known as queuing theory. Several system-performance measures are generated by the model, including mean neighborhood-specific response times, mean utilization of each ambulance, and statistical profiles of ambulance response patterns. This model has been implemented by the Department of Health and Hospitals of the City of Boston. PMID- 7132819 TI - Intracranial pressure monitoring in the emergency setting. AB - The contemporary treatment of patients with severe head injuries includes intracranial pressure monitoring. Devices currently in clinical use include the intraventricular catheter, the Richmond and Philly Bolt subarachnoid screws, the subdural cup catheter, and the fiberoptic-pneumatic epidural sensor. Although these devices are suitable, they all carry the risk of infection. A totally implantable device would reduce this risk. PMID- 7132821 TI - Helicopters: extending the prehospital transportation system. AB - Early efforts to upgrade the prehospital care system were directed toward improved communications, training, education, and ground transport. Increased sophistication within these components of the integrated emergency medical services system prompted the need for categorizing and formally designating trauma centers. With the designation of comprehensive trauma centers to serve not only local areas but macroregional trauma needs, the requirements for faster transport in a medically controlled environment to cover greater distances became evident. Thus, the helicopter has emerged as the appropriate prehospital transport vehicle to fulfill such needs. What remains is the stimulus and mechanism to fully integrate all of these components into a medically controlled, cost-effective, regionally coordinated system. PMID- 7132822 TI - Prosthetic heart valves for the elderly. PMID- 7132824 TI - An electronic device for rehabilitation of senile dementia patients. AB - Senile dementia patients are usually considered hopeless--incapable of learning or improving. There is hope for improvement in such patients, however, and certain techniques effective in enhancing alertness in other brain-damaged patients can be helpful to these patients. A simple, widely available electronic television game is used, and a special training technique was designed to teach the patients how to successfully play the game. The fascinating attraction of this game engages the patient's attention, and success in playing the game promotes alertness. The training method encourages the patient to succeed at the game and thereby enhances his interest in his surroundings and his competence and self-esteem. PMID- 7132823 TI - The genucentric joint orthosis. AB - Pain and instability of the knee, major causes of disability in the geriatric population, impair independence in ambulation and transfers, and lead to falls that can result in fractures of the hip and further deterioration of the knee joint. The newly developed genucentric joint seems effective in meeting the needs of the multiple-handicapped elderly with mediolateral instability of the knee, poor blood circulation, and limited energy. Clinical results indicate that the genucentric joint orthosis can be worn with significant improvements in comfort when compared to more common knee orthoses, eliminating migration and reducing pistoning to the point where it is undetectable. PMID- 7132825 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging: methods and current status. AB - Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a new noninvasive tool for the imaging specialist. Images are produced, not with X rays, but through the use of radio waves that stimulate transitions between "spin states" of nuclei in a magnetic field. The time required for the nucleus to return to equilibrium gives information about the environment of that nucleus. In this way, tissue chemical abnormalities such as detection of carcinoma and elucidation of metabolic pathways can be determined in vivo. Clinical experience is being accumulated which seems to indicate a role for NMR in the diagnostic evaluation of patients. PMID- 7132826 TI - Salary trends for CEs and BMETs: the emergence of a database. AB - More than 700 survey responses have been analyzed to examine correlations between salary, job position, academic background, age, hospital size, and certification status for clinical engineers and biomedical equipment technicians. Compensation increases in relation to academic credentials, level of responsibility, and size of hospital. PMID- 7132827 TI - The AAMI standard test load for electrical risk current measurements. AB - The AAMI standard test load prescribed in AAMI's American National Standard, Safe Current Limits for Electromedical Apparatus, addresses the need to accurately measure electrical risk currents associated with the use of electromedical patient care equipment. Its purpose is to simulate a good electrical contact to the body and to roughly approximate the body's physiological response to electrical current flow as a function of frequency. Although the AAMI test load meets these needs well for most measurement situations, it may overstate the risk current arising from low-impedance sources when higher frequencies (greater than 1 kHz) are present. This problem of source impedance emphasizes the need for standards to express requirements in terms of performance rather than to require that specific test methods be used. Specific test methods may be appropriate if they adequately cover the requirements of the measurement or if any limitations they have are clearly understood by everyone. The present AAMI test load can remain an effective measurement tool, provided users understand its limitations. PMID- 7132829 TI - Monitoring of serum gentamicin level in a general hospital. PMID- 7132828 TI - Haemoglobin E trait: microcytosis and erythrocytosis. PMID- 7132830 TI - Inadvertent injection of adrenaline into subarachnoid space--a case report. PMID- 7132831 TI - Biotyping and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Klebsiella species. PMID- 7132832 TI - Behcet's syndrome with sagittal sinus and inferior vena caval thrombophlebitis. PMID- 7132833 TI - Epidemiology of diabetes in Singapore. PMID- 7132834 TI - Intussusception among infants and children in Malaysia. PMID- 7132835 TI - Prolonged apnoea after suxamethonium in a Malaysian patient due to silent plasma cholinesterase--first case report. PMID- 7132836 TI - Study of maternal deaths in Kerian (1976 - 1980). PMID- 7132837 TI - Carcinoma of the vulva--a Malaysian experience. PMID- 7132838 TI - Approximate estimation of the condition of denervated muscle by studying intensity duration curves. PMID- 7132839 TI - Soil-transmitted helminthiasis in Selangor, Malaysia. PMID- 7132841 TI - The Declaration of Lisbon: patients have rights, too. PMID- 7132840 TI - Occupational diseases in Malaysia: the need for better notification. PMID- 7132842 TI - Lyme disease challenges Australian clinicians: the implications of Australia's first reported case of Lyme arthritis. PMID- 7132843 TI - Hypercoagulation in glomerulonephritis. Evidence of the important role of the clotting system is mounting. PMID- 7132844 TI - First aid for snake bite. PMID- 7132845 TI - Epidural analgesia. PMID- 7132846 TI - General practitioners and hospitals. PMID- 7132847 TI - Accuracy and reproducibility of Dial-A-Flo infusion meters. PMID- 7132848 TI - Orthomolecular medicine. PMID- 7132849 TI - Genetic screening of newborn in Australia: results for 1980. AB - Since screening of newborn infants for phenylketonuria (PKU) by Guthrie bacterial inhibition assay was established in the 1960s, 2779 790 infants have been tested in Australia. Two hundred and forty cases of PKU (rate: 1/11 582) and six cases of the variant forms of malignant hyperphenylalaninaemia (MHPA) (rate: 1/463 298) have been detected. In 1980, 18 infants with PKU were detected. Screening for congenital hypothyroidism was carried out in six centres, and 40 new cases were detected in 1980. PMID- 7132850 TI - Suicide and attempted suicide among Australian children. AB - We examined Australian figures for suicide and Western Australian figures for attempted suicide of children up to 14 years of age. The proportions of children threatening or attempting suicide among referrals to child psychiatry outpatient clinics and among those admitted to a child psychiatry hospital are estimated. These figures provide some indication of the incidence and nature of suicidal behaviour among Australian children. There is a strong possibility the rates of suicide and attempted suicide among children are considerably underestimated. Attempted suicide in children is very serious. PMID- 7132851 TI - Correction of hallux valgus. PMID- 7132852 TI - The cleft lip and palate clinic. PMID- 7132853 TI - Septic arthritis caused by Pasteurella multocida. AB - A patient with rheumatoid arthritis developed an infection in the right hand after she administered an antibiotic capsule to her cat. Two weeks after this, septic arthritis developed in her right knee. The organism isolated was Pasteurella multocida, which is part of the feline normal oral flora. The infection was treated with penicillin and drainage. PMID- 7132854 TI - Mycobacterium ulcerans infection across Lake Victoria. PMID- 7132855 TI - Lyme arthritis in the Hunter Valley. PMID- 7132856 TI - Miracle cures. PMID- 7132857 TI - Gatekeeping at the nursing home. PMID- 7132858 TI - Encephalopathy from bismuth subsalicylate. PMID- 7132859 TI - Reg. vs Dr. Leonard Arthur. PMID- 7132860 TI - Cancer screening lesson. PMID- 7132861 TI - Colorectal cancer: surveillance or early diagnosis? PMID- 7132862 TI - High rate of hysterectomy in Australia. PMID- 7132863 TI - Fictitious masses with pelvic imaging. PMID- 7132864 TI - Population-based comparative study of campylobacter and salmonella enteritis in South Australia. AB - A total of 658 cases of campylobacter enteritis was reported in South Australia in the 18 months from March, 1980. Although Campylobacter sp. may cause more gastrointestinal disease than Salmonella sp. during some time periods, our data suggest that the reverse applies over all. However, since campylobacter enteritis tends to affect older persons who possibly are investigated less frequently, the relative prevalence of campylobacter infection may have been understated. Both diseases are notified among preschoolers to a disproportionate extent; however, Campylobacter sp. show a greater predisposition that Salmonella sp. for affecting teenagers and young adults. Persons with campylobacter infection are more likely to be residents of metropolitan areas than their counterparts with salmonella enteritis. Virtually all persons with campylobacter infection experience some diarrhoea; three-quarters have abdominal pain; approximately one-third report blood, and a similar proportion mucus in their stools. Children are more likely than adults to have mucus, and possibly blood, in their stools. PMID- 7132865 TI - Blood lead levels in Queensland children. PMID- 7132866 TI - Envenomation by a King Island tiger snake (Notechis ater humphreysi). AB - A venomous King Island tiger snake (Notechis ater humphreysi)bit a herpetologist on the hand on the forty-eight floor of a Sydney city building. Prompt first-aid treatment, comprising the application of a wide constrictive bandage the length of the limb, combined with immobilisation, delayed central movement of the venom until resuscitative care and antivenom were available. The patient had received tiger-snake antivenom 16 years previously, and also suffered from atopic eczema. Administration of 6000 units of tiger-snake antivenom after parenteral administration of an antihistamine was uneventful. A transient rash on the second day and a mild urticarial rash on the twelfth day after envenomation may have been either serum reactions or allergic response to other medication. PMID- 7132867 TI - Virilisation in a woman after menopause. PMID- 7132868 TI - Malaria vaccine still far away. PMID- 7132870 TI - Blood selenium levels of Kangaroo Island residents. PMID- 7132871 TI - Oxazepam withdrawal syndrome. PMID- 7132872 TI - Skin absorption of paraquet. PMID- 7132869 TI - Acute dystonic reaction to Maxolon (metoclopramide) PMID- 7132873 TI - Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: intrauterine repair in fetal sheep. AB - A congenital diaphragmatic hernia was created surgically in three sheep fetuses in midgestation. After allowing at least one month for interference with lung development, an in-utero repair was performed three weeks before delivery. The study indicates the potential of intrauterine repair for this defect. PMID- 7132874 TI - Isolation of Legionella pneumophila from hospital water systems in Victoria. AB - A survey of water symptoms in 12 Victorian hospitals was undertaken to establish the prevalence of Legionella pneumophila in buildings not known to be associated with cases of Legionnaires' disease. Samples of hot, cold and shower water were taken, together with water from cooling towers, and isolation was attempted by guinea-pig inoculation. Legionella pneumophila was not isolated from any of the hot, cold or shower samples, but six strains were isolated from five of the cooling towers sampled. PMID- 7132875 TI - Determinants of patient compliance and clinical response in general-practice treatment of hypertension. AB - Self-reported compliance, its relationship with clinical response, and possible determinants of each were examined in 154 general-practice patients who were treated for hypertension. Patient compliance and therapeutic response were highly correlated. Multivariate analyses supported the proposal that (a) relative body weight, drug regimen complexity, and concern at the time of diagnosis were independently influencing patient compliance; (b) compliance was contributing to blood pressure control; and (c) compliance and blood pressure control were each contributing to a lack of concern about hypertension and its risks. Prescribing simple drug regimens, and intentionally increasing the patient's concern at the time of diagnosis may be useful methods to promote compliance with antihypertensive therapy. PMID- 7132876 TI - Interviews of medical school entrants: to what purpose? AB - Students entering the Faculty of Medicine at The University of New South Wales are selected by one of two methods. Most of the students are selected solely on the basis of results of higher school certificate examinations, the remainder under a special category for mature-age entrants. After they have been accepted into the school, all students are invited to attend a brief interview. This paper is a report of a retrospective analysis of some of the impressions recorded by interviewers over a four-year period. Over a period of three years, interviewers would have rejected from 18% to 29% of students who had been selected on academic criteria. The use of interviews as a screening or rejection procedure rather than a selection procedure is discussed and some future research questions are outlined. PMID- 7132877 TI - Death from a snake bite: associated with the supine hypotensive syndrome of pregnancy. AB - A young pregnant woman, near term, died shortly after being bitten by an immature brown snake (genus Pseudonaja). Analysis of the bitten area suggested that the degree of envenomation was mild, and could not satisfactorily explain her rapid demise. It was concluded that the supine hypotensive syndrome of pregnancy was a contributing factor in her death. PMID- 7132878 TI - Erythromycin ototoxicity. PMID- 7132879 TI - Acute leukaemia after alkylating-agent therapy of ovarian cancer. PMID- 7132880 TI - Hypersensitivity pneumonitis in a mouldy house. AB - Two cases of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, one confirmed by histopatholgy, are described. The patients were members of different families and developed the disease as occupants, at separate times, of the same inner-city dwelling. We believe the disorder resulted from exposure to thermophilic microorganisms prevalent in their domestic environment. Both patients recovered after moving from this place of residence. The need for greater awareness of this variety of hypersensitivity pneumonitis is stressed. PMID- 7132881 TI - Electroencephalographic studies on patients with GH deficiency. PMID- 7132883 TI - A new electronic measurement of correlations between the air exchange pressure and the flow velocity of the surgical face mask. PMID- 7132882 TI - A case of idiopathic hypoparathyroidism with short stature. PMID- 7132884 TI - Reevaluation of regional cerebral blood flow studies in patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms. PMID- 7132885 TI - Reduction of erythrocyte sedimentation rate by volatile anesthetics in vitro. PMID- 7132886 TI - [Transsexualism: sex change operations]. PMID- 7132887 TI - [Cataract operations based on the degree of endothelial injury]. PMID- 7132888 TI - [Socio-medical problems in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7132889 TI - [For which liver diseases is immunosuppressive therapy indicated?]. AB - This paper reports on 464 cases of chronic hepatitis, of which 271 aggravated under the usual conservative treatment and thereafter were treated with an immunosuppressive agent. The results answer the question of "when an immunosuppressive therapy is justified". An improvement of liver diseases could be reached as follows: lupoid hepatitis 84%, chronic aggressive hepatitis with strong activity 78%, chronic aggressive hepatitis with low activity 53%, chronic persisting hepatitis 34%, mixed form of chronic aggressive hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis 34%, HBsAg-negative cirrhosis 57.9%, HBsAg-positive cirrhosis 60%, HBsAg-negative chronic aggressive hepatitis 66.7%, HbsAg-positive chronic aggressive hepatitis 76.2%. PMID- 7132890 TI - [Congestive heart insufficiency: pathophysiology and therapy]. PMID- 7132891 TI - [Acute kidney failure caused by roentgen contrast media]. PMID- 7132892 TI - [Specific follow-up program for thyroid cancer]. PMID- 7132893 TI - [Physician's performance under the pressure for specialization and demand for complete care]. PMID- 7132894 TI - [Hormone therapy in the climacteric--women demand explanation]. PMID- 7132895 TI - [Computer tomography: indications and current value]. PMID- 7132896 TI - [Obturation ileus caused by a foreign body]. PMID- 7132897 TI - [Urinary calculus disease and pregnancy]. PMID- 7132898 TI - [Paracetamol, pharmacodynamic, clinical toxicology and pharmacokinetic]. PMID- 7132900 TI - [Prognostic evaluation of malignant melanoma]. PMID- 7132899 TI - [What's your diagnosis?]. PMID- 7132901 TI - [Chemotherapy of Bacteroides infections]. PMID- 7132902 TI - [Iodized table salt-advantage or danger?]. PMID- 7132903 TI - [Recommendations for efficient use of urine microscopy]. PMID- 7132904 TI - [MD-KOVA system for analysis of urine sediments]. PMID- 7132906 TI - [Semi-quantitative determination of urinary glucose using a new test strip with an enlarged scale]. PMID- 7132905 TI - [Reflectometric determination of ammonemia - testing of a new system]. PMID- 7132907 TI - [Testing of a test strip for determination of the specific weight of urine]. PMID- 7132908 TI - [Pollution by anesthetic gases in operating rooms]. PMID- 7132910 TI - [Case of lung neoplasm in bronchopneumopathy from isocyanates]. PMID- 7132909 TI - [Erythrocyte protoporphyrin values measured by the direct method in the population of Civita Castellana not occupationally exposed to lead compounds]. PMID- 7132911 TI - [Cytogenetic studies in subjects occupationally exposed to ionizing radiations]. PMID- 7132912 TI - [Influence of comminution on the diffractometric response of kaolin]. PMID- 7132913 TI - [Antibiotic resistance in bacteria--origin and mechanisms]. PMID- 7132914 TI - [Clinical trials of drugs]. PMID- 7132915 TI - Intraocular lens implantation for cataracts. PMID- 7132916 TI - Fish oil for prevention of atherosclerosis. PMID- 7132918 TI - [Sandflies (Diptera, Phlebotominae) of Afghanistan. 1. The fauna and zoogeography]. PMID- 7132917 TI - [Epidemiological characteristics of echinococcosis in Algeria]. PMID- 7132920 TI - [Scientific research in the field of tropical diseases]. PMID- 7132919 TI - [Electron microscopic and electrophysiological study of the effect of the antimalarials dabequine and chloroquine on the retina of white rats]. PMID- 7132921 TI - [Control of malaria vectors by ecologically safe methods]. PMID- 7132922 TI - [Classification of the Central Asian group of desert plaque foci by hydrothermic coefficient levels]. PMID- 7132923 TI - [Dynamic intestinal obstruction in taeniarhychiasis (a clinical case)]. PMID- 7132924 TI - An implantable, remotely programmable insulin infusion system. PMID- 7132925 TI - Computerized breath-by-breath analysis of respiratory variables during exercise. AB - An on-line analysis of respiration with a breath-by-breath method during exercise is presented. Special emphasis is given to the computer processing of signals for gas flow rate and for O2 and CO2 concentrations. The validity and reliability of the method to measure oxygen uptake (VO2) was tested by ten subjects in repeated tests. Mean oxygen uptake was 2.3% less with the computerized breath-by-breath method than with the Douglas-bag method which was used as reference. The breath by-breath method is planned to be used primarily for evaluating the work capacity of healthy and disabled persons. However, in addition to being suitable for such routine uses, the method described also yields respiratory data whose analysis can be valuable in a variety of clinical and research work. PMID- 7132926 TI - [Hepatic function in the newborn infant. Introductory note]. PMID- 7132927 TI - [Immunological and virological studies in bronchiolitis in infants]. PMID- 7132928 TI - [Pneumopericardium and pneumoperitoneum in ventilated newborn infants]. PMID- 7132929 TI - [Socio-economic, environmental and familial factors in respiratory pathology in infants. Study of 138 patients]. PMID- 7132930 TI - [Bone photodensitometry in childhood. Method and 1st results]. PMID- 7132931 TI - [A case of K-dependent hemorrhage in the post-neonatal period]. PMID- 7132932 TI - [Case of "upper limb-cardiovascular syndrome" (Holt-Oram syndrome)]. PMID- 7132933 TI - [Clinical polymorphism of celiac disease]. PMID- 7132935 TI - Traveling in search of a health system. PMID- 7132934 TI - [Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in females]. PMID- 7132936 TI - Upper extremity--replantation surgery. PMID- 7132937 TI - Gouty arthritis. PMID- 7132938 TI - Child abuse. PMID- 7132939 TI - Propranolol-use in the elderly. PMID- 7132941 TI - Human exposure to animal rabies in Minnesota 1971-1980. PMID- 7132940 TI - Preliminary results of Minnesota Colon Cancer Control Survey: fact or fable? PMID- 7132942 TI - Death and decision making among Minnesota physicians. PMID- 7132943 TI - Physician need in Minnesota. PMID- 7132944 TI - Sexual abuse of children: diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7132945 TI - Treatment of chronic psoriasis vulgaris. PMID- 7132946 TI - Polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis. PMID- 7132947 TI - HLA in human disease: what does it mean? PMID- 7132948 TI - Use of intracoronary streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7132949 TI - Torsades de pointes: definition and management. PMID- 7132950 TI - Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Part 1. Diagnosis. PMID- 7132951 TI - Subunit selectivity in the monooxygenase-like activity of tetrameric hemoglobin. AB - The aniline hydroxylase activity of adult rabbit hemolysates (1 mM with respect to hemoglobin concentration) was found to be 80 pmoles of p-aminophenol formed per minute per milliliter. This value is comparable to that observed for adult human hemolysates. The characteristics of this O2-requiring aromatic p hydroxylation reaction are typical of the monooxygenase reactions catalyzed by the liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 system. Both systems are inhibited by carbon monoxide, which coordinates directly with the heme iron atoms of the respective hemoproteins. With the use of 13C-NMR spectroscopy, separate, well resolved signals were observed for 13C-enriched carbon monoxide bound to the alpha- and beta-subunits of the tetrameric (alpha 2 beta 2) rabbit hemoglobin. By appropriately adjusting conditions, the hemoglobin was converted into hybrids of ligation varying from full oxygenation to intermediate forms in which the oxygen was progressively replaced by 13CO, first on the beta-subunits, then on the alpha subunits until full CO ligation was accomplished. The state of ligation of the hemoglobin in each case was determined from the integrated areas of the signals in the corresponding 13C-NMR spectra. The corresponding aniline hydroxylase activity of the rabbit hemolysates containing such hybrids revealed that the monooxygenase activity of intact tetrameric hemoglobin is determined predominantly (if not exclusively) by the ligation of the beta-subunits. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of differential subunit behavior for a monooxygenase-like enzymatic activity. PMID- 7132952 TI - Fluorimetric analysis of the binding of warfarin to human serum albumin. Equilibrium and kinetic study. AB - Binding of warfarin to human serum albumin results in a red shift of the UV absorption maximum, suggesting that the binding site is a hydrophobic area of the protein. The enhancement of the fluorescence of warfarin upon binding to human serum albumin was used to study the binding equilibrium and the kinetics of this drug-protein interaction. From equilibrium fluorescence measurements, contributions from free and bound warfarin could be evaluated. From the resulting Scatchard plots, equilibrium constants ranging from 4.2 X 10(5) to 3.5 X 10(5) M 1 for temperatures from 8 degrees to 37 degrees were calculated. The reaction is slightly exothermic (delta H = -1.2 kcal m mole-1) and strongly entropy-driven (delta S = +21 cal . mole-1 . K-1). The reaction rate constants of the warfarin albumin interaction were determined by the stopped-flow technique. The association rate constant varies from 2.2 X 10(5) to 7.7 X 10(5) M-1 sec-1 from 10 degrees to 32 degrees. The corresponding activation enthalpy is 9.0 kcal . mole-1. These values are not consistent with a diffusion-controlled reaction. The dissociation of the complex was studied by making use of the direct competition between warfarin and phenylbutazone for the same binding site. The dissociation rate constant varies from 2.5 to 10.8 sec-1 in the same temperature range. Activation parameters obtained in the kinetic experiments correspond very well with the thermodynamic parameters calculated from the equilibrium study, validating the fluorescence approach to the equilibrium studies. PMID- 7132953 TI - Characterization of S-adenosylhomocysteine binding to isolated rat hepatocytes and purified rat liver plasma membranes. Effect of analogues of S adenosylhomocysteine. AB - Studies on the disposition of extracellular S-adenosylhomocysteine by isolated rat hepatocytes have shown that S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine is not taken up by cells, but binds to acceptor(s) on the cell surface. The Scatchard plots for the binding of S-adenosylhomocysteine to hepatocytes and purified rat liver membranes at 0 degrees were nonlinear, and consistent with high-affinity components with Kd values of 0.4 microM and 0.7 microM, respectively. About 60% of the S adenosylhomocysteine that was bound to cells and purified membranes dissociated rapidly from its binding sites. The rapid initial phase was followed by a second slow phase obeying first-order kinetics, corresponding to a dissociation rate constant of 0.09 min-1. S-Tubercidinylhomocysteine and unlabeled S adenosylhomocysteine were potent inhibitors of the binding of S [14C]adenosylhomocysteine, whereas S-3-deazaadenosylhomocysteine, S adenosylmethionine, and S-adenosyl-D-homocysteine were less effective. A fraction of the S-adenosylhomocysteine that was bound to rat hepatocytes was displaced by low concentrations of sinefungin and its metabolite, A9145C, but these compounds were weak inhibitors of S-adenosylhomocysteine binding to purified membranes. 5' Deoxy-5'-S-isobutylthioadenosine showed slight inhibitory activity against S adenosylhomocysteine binding to both cells and purified membranes. In conclusion, the equilibrium binding, dissociation rate kinetics, and displacement curves in the presence of S-adenosylhomocysteine analogues show that S-adenosylhomocysteine binds to a heterogeneous population of binding sites of intact hepatocytes and purified liver plasma membranes. PMID- 7132954 TI - Suicide inactivation of hamster hepatic arylhydroxamic acid N,O-acyltransferase. A selective probe of N-acetyltransferase multiplicity. AB - Kinetic parameters (ki and KI) were determined in vitro for the suicide inactivation of hamster hepatic N-arylhydroxamic acid N,O-acyltransferase by N hydroxy-2-acetamidofluorene and N-hydroxy-4-acetamidobiphenyl. The inhibition of hamster hepatic N-arylhydroxamic acid N,O-acyltransferase by N-hydroxy-2 acetamidofluorene was not reversed by incubation with cysteine. Partial protection of the enzyme against inactivation was observed with low molecular weight nucleophiles (e.g., cysteine). Hamster hepatic CoASAc-dependent N acetyltransferases were inactivated irreversibly by incubation with N-hydroxy-2 acetamidofluorene. p-Aminobenzoic acid CoASAc-dependent N-acetyl-transferase activity, but not sulfamethazine CoASAc-dependent N-acetyltransferase activity, was protected against inactivation when cysteine was included in the incubation mixtures. Therefore, although hamster hepatic CoASAc-dependent sulfamethazine N acetyltransferase may be associated with N-arylhydroxamic acid N,O acyltransferase, the CoASAc-dependent p-aminobenzoic acid N-acetyltransferase appears to be a different enzyme. The use of N-arylhydroxamic acids as suicide substrates is a promising technique for probing the mechanism of N-arylhydroxamic acid N,O-acyltransferase-mediated reactions, for exploring the relationships between N-arylhydroxamic acid N,O-acyltransferase and CoASAc-dependent N acetyltransferases, and for selective inactivation in vitro of multiple forms of CoASAc-dependent N-acetyltransferases. PMID- 7132955 TI - Further studies of the suicide inactivation of purified rat liver cytochrome P 450 by chloramphenicol. AB - The kinetics and reversibility of the suicide inactivation of rat liver cytochrome P-450 by chloramphenicol have been investigated with the use of a reconstituted monooxygenase system purified from liver microsomes of phenobarbital-treated rats. At a ratio of 1 unit of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase per nanomole of cytochrome P-450 and a chloramphenicol concentration of 1 mM, the t1/2 for the inactivation of cytochrome P-450 is less than 2 min. The inactivated cytochrome regains some of its activity upon incubation at 25 degrees or 37 degrees, and experiments with [14C]chloramphenicol show that this partial reactivation is accompanied by the release of some of the 14C originally bound covalently to the cytochrome P-450. Previous work has shown that the 14C-labeled material spontaneously released from 14C-labeled cytochrome P-450 is in the form of oxalic acid, and that the latter is derived from a hydroxylamine-labile adduct of chloramphenicol and cytochrome P-450 [Biochem. Pharmacol. 30:875-881 (1981)]. In the present investigation the 14C-labeled material released by hydroxylamine was identified as the hydroxamic acid of oxalic acid. Trapping experiments with the amino acid cysteine suggest that the adduct, the spontaneous degradation of which appears to be involved in the reactivation of cytochrome P-450, contains an ester rather than a thioester linkage between cytochrome P-450 and a metabolite of chloramphenicol. However, this metabolite may not be identical with chloramphenicol oxamyl chloride, which was the active metabolite implicated in the formation of the 50% covalently bound material which was stable to hydroxylamine treatment. PMID- 7132956 TI - Aromatase enzyme catalysis is involved in the potent inhibition of estrogen biosynthesis caused by 4-acetoxy- and 4-hydroxy-4-androstene-3, 17-dione. PMID- 7132957 TI - Inhibition of calf thymus and rat hypothalamic synaptosomal protein carboxymethyltransferase by analogues of S-adenosylhomocysteine. PMID- 7132958 TI - Ames test and antitumor activity of 1-(X-phenyl)-3,3-dialkyltriazenes. Quantitative structure-activity studies based upon molecular shape analysis. AB - A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) based upon molecular shape analysis has been developed for a set of 18 1-(X-phenyl)-3,3-dialkyltriazenes for which mutagenic potency is reported. An "active" molecular shape is proposed which suggests, in turn, a self-consistent mechanism for the microsomal hydroxylation of the nitrogen methyl group. A second QSAR has been constructed for an alternate set of 24 1-(X-phenyl)-3,3-dialkyltriazenes for which antitumor potency is reported. The QSAR suggests that the "active shape for antitumor potency is the same as that hypothesized for Ames mutagenic potency. A QSAR for a therapeutic index (TI) has been constructed to allow optimization of the difference between antitumor and mutagenic potencies. Large TIs require substituents on position 3 of the phenyl ring which are hydrophilic. The antitumor QSAR has been applied to three known compounds to test its reliability. A compound is predicted that is expected to have high antitumor activity and low mutagenicity. An overview of the methodology of molecular shape analysis, and its limitations, is included as part of this report on the development of QSARs. PMID- 7132959 TI - Antiviral, antimetabolic, and cytotoxic activities of 5-substituted 2' deoxycytidines. AB - Various 5-substituted 2'-deoxycytidines, including 5-bromo-dCyd, 5-iodo-dCyd, 5 nitro-dCyd, 5-ethynyl-dCyd, 5-propyl-dCyd, (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-dCyd, and (E)-5 (2-iodovinyl)-dCyd, were evaluated for their antiviral and antimetabolic properties in primary rabbit kidney (PRK) cell cultures and for their inhibitory effects on murine L1210 cell proliferation. All dCyd analogues proved to be selective inhibitors of herpes simplex virus (HSV) replication: 5-bromo-dCyd, 5 iodo-dCyd, 5-nitro-dCyd, and 5-ethynyl-dCyd were more selective in their anti-HSV activity than were the corresponding 5-substituted 2'-deoxyuridines, whereas 5 propyl-dCyd, (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-dCyd, and (E)-5-(2-iodovinyl)-dCyd were as selective as their dUrd counterparts. The dCyd analogues were also less cytotoxic (for both PRK and L1210 cells), as could be monitored by inhibition of either cell proliferation or host-cell DNA synthesis (incorporation of radiolabeled precursors). Of all 5-substituted 2'-deoxycytidines tested, the (E)-5-(2 halogenovinyl) derivatives emerged as the most potent and most selective inhibitors of HSV (Type 1) replication. PMID- 7132960 TI - Properties of dihydrofolate reductase from a methotrexate-resistant subline of human KB cells and comparison with enzyme from KB parent cells and mouse S180 AT/3000 cells. PMID- 7132961 TI - Epidermis: a site of drug metabolism in neonatal rat skin. Studies on cytochrome P-450 content and mixed-function oxidase and epoxide hydrolase activity. PMID- 7132962 TI - Heat treatment mimics guanosine-5'-triphosphate effects on dopaminergic 3H-ligand binding to bovine caudate membranes. AB - Exposure of bovine caudate homogenates to 53 degrees rapidly (less than 4 min) abolishes subsequent specific binding of the agonist ligand [3H]dopamine to D-3 sites but not that of the butyrophenone dopaminergic antagonist [3H]spiroperidol to D-2 sites in bovine caudate membranes. It has been suggested that this represents selective heat inactivation of the binding site for [3H]dopamine. However, the binding of the agonist [3H]apomorphine is decreased with a time course and temperature dependence indistinguishable from that of [3H]dopamine, despite the ability of [3H]apomorphine to label D-2 sites as well as D-3 sites in control membranes. Heat treatment thus appears to mimic the effects on dopaminergic binding of guanine nucleotides, which, rather than causing a reduction in the number of binding sites, radically lowers agonist affinity at both D-2 and D-3 sites while leaving antagonist affinity at these sites unchanged. In addition, heat treatment and maximal guanine nucleotide addition (300 microM GTP) cause identical decreases in the affinities of agonists in the displacement of [3H]spiroperidol, and similar increases in pseudo-Hill coefficient of these displacements. The effects of heat treatment and guanine nucleotides are not additive, suggesting that their effects may involve a common mechanism. Thus, it is strongly suggested that brief exposure to 53 degrees inactivates not the D-3 site itself, but rather a guanine nucleotide binding factor that regulates both D-2 and D-3 agonist affinities and, as in the beta adrenergic system, is essential for formation of high-affinity agonist/receptor complexes. PMID- 7132963 TI - Study of the interaction between human serum albumin and some cephalosporins. AB - Dialysis and microcalorimetric methods were used to calculate the binding parameters of some cephalosporins to human serum albumin (HSA) and to study the nature of the interactions involved in the binding process. Dialysis results agree with microcalorimetric data for cephapirin, cephradin, cefamandole, and cefazolin. Binding forces seem to be principally electrostatic. The parts of the drug molecule involved in HSA drug binding have been identified by high resolution NMR. The major binding site for cephalosporins with high HSA affinity is thought to be the electron-rich heterocyle fixed on the methylene at position 3. Four classes of cephalosporin have been defined: (a) very weak affinity for HSA (cephalexin, cephradin); (b) moderate affinity (cephapirin, cefoxitin, and cefotaxime) in which binding to the protein involves the heterocycle substituent of the acetamide chain carbon atom; (c) strongly binding (cefamandole), in which binding to HSA is by means of the methyltetrazole ring; and, finally (d), cefazolin, with two classes of binding sites for protein, showing strong and moderate affinity. PMID- 7132964 TI - Isolation and preliminary characterization of electrophoretic variants of copper, zinc superoxide dismutase. AB - Three electrophoretic variants of superoxide dismutase can be detected in bovine erythrocytes by gel electrophoresis and electrofocusing. The two major forms, having isoelectric points at pH 5.2 and 4.9, were isolated by preparative focusing or chromatography. No differences were found in molecular weight, metal content, antigenicity, electron spin resonance spectrum, visible and ultraviolet optical spectra. In contrast, holo- and apo-superoxide dismutase, which have an electrophoretic mobility similar to that of the two major forms, showed unresolved isoelectric points but significantly different antigenicity. This result suggests that their different electrophoretic mobility is mainly conformation-related. The variant with pI 5.2, corresponding to the protein purified by ordinary procedures, was found to be inactivated by heat treatment faster than the other form. The latter one, on the other hand, gave rise to a multiple pattern of electrophoretic bands after incubation at 75 degrees C. It is suggested that superoxide dismutase multiplicity in erythrocytes is not genetically determined, but may be related to segregation of subunits, made non identically by post translational asymmetrical modification. PMID- 7132965 TI - Liver phosphorylase kinase: characterization of two interconvertible forms and partial purification of phosphorylase kinase a. AB - The presence of two interconvertible forms of phosphorylase kinase has been confirmed in rat liver extracts. The pH optimum of the nonactivated form (PhK b) was lower than the pH optimum of the activated form (PhK a) as reported by others (2). In the absence of calcium the Km of PhK b for phosphorylase b was 53 +/- 10 U/ml with a Vm of 17 +/- 1 U/gm of tissue. The Km of PhK a for phosphorylase b was 20 +/- 2 U/ml with a Vm of 65 U/gm. Calcium stimulated both forms of phosphorylase kinase (A0.5 approximately 0.03 micro). In the presence of 0.1 microM calcium the Km for phosphorylase b of both forms of the enzyme was reduced. In addition, calcium increased the Vm of both forms, but the effect was greater for PhK b than for PhK a. The Km of both forms of phosphorylase kinase for ATP was 0.05 mM and was unaffected by calcium. All of these studies were done using liver phosphorylase b as substrate. Conditions for assaying PhK a activity virtually independent of PhK b activity also are indicated. This will enable the monitoring of interconversion reactions in tissue extracts. Phosphorylase kinase a was purified to near homogeneity using DEAE-cellulose, Sepharose 4B gel filtration and ATP affinity chromatography. The molecular weight was approximately 1 x 10(6). The pH profile, calcium requirements and kinetic constants were the same as those for PhK a in the crude extract. PMID- 7132966 TI - Cooperativity of enzymatic reactions and molecular aspects of energy transduction. AB - This theoretical article concerns the basic principles of enzymatic conversion at the molecular level. The high rate of enzymatic reactions can be explained by a concept of collective substrate conversion of a cooperative nature. The proposed mechanism of charge separation in electron transport includes two aspects: electron tunnelling and coupled proton transfer. Energy transduction in muscle contraction and oxidative phosphorylation is outlined. PMID- 7132967 TI - Induction and inhibition of Friend erythroleukemia cell differentiation by pyrimidine analogs: analysis of the requirement for intracellular accumulation and incorporation into DNA. AB - Alkyldeoxyuridines which differ from thymidine by a C5 substitution of straight or branched alkyl chains of two to six carbon atoms have been tested for their ability to be taken up, phosphorylated, and incorporated into DNA. Analysis of the uptake of 5-ethyl-2'-deoxyuridine and 5-propyl-2'-deoxyuridine (n-PrdU)- similar to both thymidine and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine--indicates that transport is dependent upon a functional cellular thymidine kinase. All of the aforementioned pyrimidines with the exception of n-PrdU are phosphorylated to the triphosphate and incorporated into DNA. The homologs 5-iso-propyl-2'-deoxyuridine (iso-PrdU) and 5-hexyl-2'-deoxyuridine are neither transported into the cell, phosphorylated, nor incorporated into DNA. These analogs were tested (i) for their ability to induce in the absence of dimethyl sulfoxide and (ii) to determine whether they enhance or inhibit dimethyl sulfoxide-induced differentiation of Friend erythroleukemia cells. Inhibition of erythroid differentiation appears to require the incorporation of thymidine analogs into DNA, and thus only 5-ethyl-2'-deoxyuridine and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine were effective in inhibiting dimethyl sulfoxide-induced differentiation. The observation that iso-PrdU, and to a lesser extent n-PrdU and 5-propyldeoxyuridine monophosphate, induce differentiation under conditions in which they are not detectable intracellularly is strong evidence that this class of inducer acts at the cell membrane. PMID- 7132968 TI - Monoclonal anti-GAT antibodies with different fine specificities express the same public idiotype. AB - We have studied the idiotypic specificities expressed by 22 anti-GAT hybridoma products (HP). These antibodies, although derived from cells of mice with three distinct heavy-chain linkage groups (BALB/c, Igh-1a, DBA/2, Igh-1c and C57BL/6, Igh-1b) all express the same public idiotypic specificity, p. GAT, defined by the heterologous binding of anti-idiotypic serum 715 to C57BL/6 anti-GAT antibodies. None of these antibodies expressed the strain-restricted idiotypic specificity, s.r. GAT-1, defined by the binding of anti-idiotypic serum JL 122 to BALB/c anti GAT antibodies. BALB/c anti-GAT HP could be shown to fall into three subsets with respect to their fine antigenic specificity for GAT, GT and GA. An individual idiotypic specificity, i1-GAT (defined by syngeneic anti-idiotypic sera raised against one of the BALB/c HP), was also found on a group of BALB/c HP which all shared a similar fine antigenic specificity pattern. Taken together, these observations suggest that the expressed mouse anti-GAT repertoire derives from a very few V-germ-line genes (VH-GAT and VK-GAT) which are highly conserved in the species, and which determine the structure resulting in the p. GAT idiotypic specificity. The variations in fine specificity and individual idiotype are likely therefore to reflect somatic variations affecting these germ-line genes. PMID- 7132969 TI - Consequences of avidity in lymphocyte receptor-multivalent antigen binding in affinity maturation. AB - A mathematical model proposed by Crothers & Metzger (Immunochemistry 9, 341-357, 1972), describing the influence of multiple site interactions on the effective antigen binding property of antibodies was used to assess the possible role of lymphocyte receptor affinity in antibody affinity maturation. The model proposed that observed association constants (KobsS) were primarily dependent on the number of allowed active site-antigen interactions (n), the density and orientation of antigenic sites and the intrinsic association constant (K1) of an univalent antibody active site interacting with an univalent antigen. Because of the inherent uncertainty involved in the estimation of lymphocyte membrane structure and molecular parameters necessary to utilize other mathematical models, the Crothers and Metzger model was applied to the case of surface membrane bound immunoglobulin (smIg) on B-lymphocytes interacting with polyvalent antigens as a simple and direct concept. Consideration of red blood cells, dinitrophenyl16 guinea-pig albumin, and fluorescyl220 keyhole limpet hemocyanin as model antigens revealed that Kobs was many orders of magnitude higher than K1 when only a few interactions were allowed. A dissociation rate of several hours for release of polyvalent antigen from cooperating smIg was calculated for receptors with a K1 as low as 10(3) M-1. Assuming prolonged antigen contact as necessary to activate lymphocytes, cells bearing low-affinity receptors are functionally indistinguishable from those carrying higher-affinity smIg in their ability to retain antigen. The presumed role for antigen-driven selection of lymphocytes bearing increasingly higher-affinity smIg, which results in antibody affinity maturation, must be reexamined if the K1 of smIg does not confer a selective advantage to lymphocytes for retaining antigen. PMID- 7132970 TI - A comment on the 'speculation' of Jarvis and Voss. PMID- 7132971 TI - Failure to demonstrate a role for line Ib tumor-associated surface antigen in the etiology of age-dependent polioencephalomyelitis. AB - In the preceding paper [Morris et al. (1982), Molec. Immun. 19, 973-982] we demonstrate an associative interaction between the line Ib tumor-associated surface antigen (Ib-TASA) and the Dk/Kk regions of the major histocompatibility complex, i.e. 'altered-self' antigen. We originally hypothesized that age dependent polioencephalomyelitis (ADPE) occurred as the result of immune recognition of a 'self'-determinant on the 'altered-self' antigen. In this report we used the non-ionic detergent, NP-40, to solubilize Ib cell surface antigens. Although immunization of immunocompetent C58 mice with the soluble NP-40 Ib cell extract afforded protection to lethal tumor challenge, the extract failed to induce ADPE in immunosuppressed mice. Data presented here demonstrate that Ib TASA is not involved in the etiology of ADPE. The evidence suggests that lactic dehydrogenase virus, which is a silent virus passaged with line Ib leukemia, is the causative agent of the paralytic disease. PMID- 7132972 TI - [Opening address of the President: 77th Conference of the Germany Society of Pediatrics]. PMID- 7132973 TI - [Immunization plan: considerations and recommendations for immunization of children]. PMID- 7132974 TI - [Hepatitis vaccine]. PMID- 7132975 TI - [Intensive care: indication and limitations]. PMID- 7132976 TI - [Specific and unspecific antibiotic therapy]. PMID- 7132977 TI - [Respiratory tract infections and pneumonia]. PMID- 7132979 TI - [Treatment of inflammatory heart disease]. PMID- 7132978 TI - [Treatment of excessive growth]. PMID- 7132980 TI - [Possibilities of pediatric acid to developing countries from the Federal Republic of Germany]. PMID- 7132981 TI - [Ethical aspects of foreign aid for children of the Third World]. PMID- 7132982 TI - [Under fives' clinics]. PMID- 7132983 TI - [Demand of developing countries for German physicians]. PMID- 7132984 TI - [Partnership of clinics in the Federal Republic of Germany and developing countries]. PMID- 7132985 TI - [Possibilities of effective cooperation in pediatrics between rich and poor countries]. PMID- 7132986 TI - [Principles of care for the newborn in the Third World]. PMID- 7132987 TI - [Vesico-uretero-renal reflux (VUR)]. PMID- 7132988 TI - [Therapy of chronic nephritis]. PMID- 7132989 TI - [Renal osteodystrophy - a multifactorial disorder]. PMID- 7132991 TI - [Inguinal hernia and umbilical hernia]. PMID- 7132990 TI - [Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis - optimal time for operation]. PMID- 7132992 TI - [Roentgen diagnosis in intersexuality]. PMID- 7132993 TI - [Time and procedure for operation of hermaphroditism]. PMID- 7132994 TI - [Intersexuality, diagnosis and therapy: psychological aspects]. PMID- 7132995 TI - [Fluoride prophylaxis of caries]. PMID- 7132996 TI - [Ductus arteriosus persistens in the newborn with respiratory distress syndrome. Experience with indomethacin and operative ligation]. PMID- 7132997 TI - [Treatment of the newborn with respiratory distress syndrome and persistent ductus of Botallo]. PMID- 7132998 TI - [Persistent fetal circulation syndrome in the newborn. Diagnostic and therapeutic measures]. PMID- 7132999 TI - [Spontaneous course of ventricular septum defects and its significance for therapy]. PMID- 7133000 TI - [Prognosis in transposition of great vessels]. PMID- 7133001 TI - [One- and two-dimensional echocardiographic findings in hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS)]. PMID- 7133003 TI - [Digoxin elimination by means of peritoneal dialysis in infants and toddlers]. PMID- 7133002 TI - [Effect of oral digitalis therapy on left ventricular myocardial function in infants with heart insufficiencies]. PMID- 7133004 TI - [Initial results of prazosin in the treatment of severe heart insufficiencies in children]. PMID- 7133005 TI - [Differential diagnosis of inflammatory heart diseases using two-dimensional echocardiography]. PMID- 7133006 TI - [Clinical studies of diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of infectious endocarditis in children]. PMID- 7133007 TI - [Prevention of bacterial endocarditis in practice. Results of parental questioning]. PMID- 7133008 TI - [Durability and complication rate of heart pacemakers in children]. PMID- 7133009 TI - [Mexiletine in the treatment of ventricular rhythm disorders]. PMID- 7133010 TI - [Side effects of anti-arrhythmia agents aprindine and prajmalium bitartrate, in children]. PMID- 7133012 TI - [Estimation of the caloric need with the help of a graph]. PMID- 7133011 TI - [Standards for assessment of normal and pathologic weight in relation to height as variable]. PMID- 7133013 TI - [Cholesteryl ester storage disease. Clinical and morphological aspects]. PMID- 7133014 TI - [Iron-deficiency and replacement in infancy]. AB - The frequency of iron-deficiency anaemia was investigated in 376 children with the aid of serum ferritin determinations. The children, resident in Budapest or Miskolc were 6 months to 3 years old. Marked iron-deficiency (serum ferritin less than 10 micrograms/l) could be demonstrated in 33.8% of the investigated population. The frequency of iron-deficiency was related to the socio-economic and cultural status of the mother, a factor which is thought to influence the feeding habits. In areas where iron-deficiency is frequently detected regular iron-prophylaxis is recommended. PMID- 7133015 TI - [Doppler-sonography of cerebral blood-flow in infants]. AB - Doppler-sonography of the intracranial arteries in the sagittal section through the open anterior fontanelle may yield valuable information on the cerebral blood flow in infants. Applying the directional method, the anterior-cerebral artery could be recorded in all probands; by using the pulsed technique at least one artery was identified in 95% of the cases. There was a significant difference in pulsation-index (P.I.) between the pulsed and the directional method. Both methods revealed a reduction of the P.I. in infants with brain edema, and an increase of the P.I. after intracranial haemorrhage had occurred. The P.I. was significantly increased in infants younger than 36 gestational weeks, compared with healthy term newborns older than 40 weeks. The clinical relevance for diagnostic purposes as well as for therapeutic monitoring is discussed. PMID- 7133016 TI - [Psychometric results in patients with Klinefelter syndrome]. AB - In psychodiagnostic investigation 12 Klinefelter-patients and 12 psychosomatic patients matched for age and socioeconomic status were compared. Our results are generally in agreement with the observations in recent research concerning some personality traits. 1. The intelligence of Klinefelter-patients rather meets the mark of practical than educational standards. Therefore these patients quite often fail at school, which otherwise is adequate to the level of their general IQ. 2. Klinefelter-patients generally score low in the masculinity-scale. Equally remarkable is the tendency towards introversion, shyness, inhibition and an unstable emotionality. PMID- 7133017 TI - [Sterile vesiko-ureteral reflux. Radiological kidney surface measurements as follow-up criteria]. AB - 33 patients with 46 sterile vesicoureteral refluxes were followed by repeated clinical-urological and radiological studies over a period from 1 to more than 6 years. The results of the evaluation, obtained by only looking at the urograms, were compared with the following measurements: the length of each kidney, the length ratio right to left, and the parenchymal area. At the end of the follow-up period, 2 out of 32 initially normal kidneys (about 6%) had pathologically low values, whereas 3 out of 14 already initially damaged kidneys (21,5%) showed a further decrease of these values. Preceding urinary tract infections with consecutive pyelonephritis, leading to a progressive shrinkage of the organ over many years, are thought and discussed to be more responsible for these results than the sterile reflux itself. PMID- 7133018 TI - [Strychnine in non-ketotic hyperglycinemia]. PMID- 7133019 TI - [Encephalitis of the basel ganglia associated with mumps]. AB - Two weeks after epidemic parotitis a 10-year old boy developed an acute extrapyramidal syndrome together with pyramidal tract signs but without impairment of consciousness. The CSF showed mild pleocytosis. The CT of the brain exhibited a well defined circumscribed and symmetrical swelling and hypodensity of the basal ganglia and of the internal capsule. Only slight and transient dysrhythmia was to be found in the EEG. Therapy with Prednisolone, Biperidene and Tiapride resulted in regression of symptoms. But one year later rigor and pyramidal tract signs remained evident in spite of intensive physiotherapy and logopaedic measures. Residual symmetric atrophia of the basal ganglia became evident in the CT by dilatation of the anterior horns of the lateral ventricles caused by lacking of the vault of the caudate nuclei heads. PMID- 7133020 TI - [Should splenic tissue be re-implanted after splenectomy due to birth trauma?]. AB - Splenectomy results in loss of about 1/4 of the reticulo-endothelial system and 1/3 of the lymphatic tissue. Reduced phagocytosis and "clearing" capacity are reflected in the appearance of Howell Jolly bodies, thrombocytosis and decreased circulating immune-complexes. Reduction of IgM and compensatory increase of IgG and IgA levels further indicate immunological impairment. Transitory reduction of complement activity and the number of T-lymphocytes in the first weeks post splenectomy constitute a significant limitation of immunological function and are accompanied by low serum tuftsin levels. These factors help explain the increased susceptibility to overwhelming infection seen in splenectomized patients. The lethality rate due to sepsis has been reported to be as high as 50%. Patients with hematological disorders, with systemic malignancies and children under 4 years of age who undergo splenectomy because of abdominal trauma are at especially high risk. The most common infectious agents are Haemophilus influenzae and Pneumococcus. The present report describes 2 infants who underwent splenectomy for the treatment of splenic rupture due to birth trauma. In one case, splenic tissue was homogenized and re-implanted; in the second case, splenectomy was followed by penicillin prophylaxis. The clinical course in the latter patient was complicated by Candida meningitis. PMID- 7133021 TI - [Cytochemical demonstration of calcium in the myocardium]. PMID- 7133022 TI - [Clinical diagnostic errors. I. Incidence of clinical diagnostic errors in forensic autopsy material from 9431 hospital cases]. PMID- 7133023 TI - [Clinical diagnostic errors. II. Analysis and evaluation of clinical diagnostic errors by the forensic medical expert]. PMID- 7133024 TI - [Digitalis poisoning in forensic autopsy material]. PMID- 7133025 TI - [Vitamin A storing cells in the normal and damaged rat liver]. PMID- 7133026 TI - [Primary pulmonary hypertension]. PMID- 7133027 TI - [Experience with the use of seat belts based on autopsy cases]. PMID- 7133028 TI - [Dissecting aneurysm of the ductus Botalli and the aorta in the newborn]. PMID- 7133029 TI - Comutagenic effect of norharman with aminopyridine derivatives. AB - The mutagenicities of 3 monoaminopyridines, 4 methyl-substituted monoaminopyridines and 3 diaminopyridines were tested with or without norharman in the Salmonella assay system. None of the compounds was mutagenic without norharman. However, 3-aminopyridine and 2-amino-3-methylpyridine were mutagenic in the presence of norharman and S9 mix; 3-aminopyridine was mutagenic to TA98, but not to TA100, while 2-amino-3-methylpyridine was mutagenic to both TA98 and TA100, although its mutagenicity was much stronger in TA98. PMID- 7133030 TI - An in vivo sister-chromatid exchange assay in the larvae of the mussel Mytilus edulis: response to 3 mutagens. AB - An in vivo sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) assay using the larvae of the mussel Mytilus edulis was developed. Larvae were exposed to mutagens beginning 12 h after fertilization and harvested 12 h later in the late trochophore stage. Dose responses to the mutagens bromodeoxyuridine, mitomycin C and methyl methanesulfonate were linear. The sensitivity of the SCE response of mussel larvae to these mutagens compares favorably with that of other systems and indicates this assay to be valuable in marine genetic toxicological monitoring. PMID- 7133031 TI - High-sensitivity in micronucleus induction of a mouse strain (MS). PMID- 7133032 TI - Genotoxicity evaluation of cyclosporin A, a new immunosuppressive agent. PMID- 7133033 TI - Higher efficiency of hamster hepatocytes than rat hepatocytes for detecting dimethylnitrosamine and diethylnitrosamine in hepatocyte-mediated Chinese hamster V79 cell mutagenesis assay. AB - The mutagenicities of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) and diethylnitrosamine (DEN) on Chinese hamster V79 cells were examined by cocultivation of the cells with primary cultures of rat hepatocytes or hamster hepatocytes. Mutations in V79 cells were selected by resistance to ouabain. The mutation frequencies induced by all doses of DMN (1, 5, 10 and 50 micrograms/ml) and DEN (10, 50, 100 and 500 g/ml) were substantially higher on cocultivation with hamster hepatocytes than with rat hepatocytes. Thus it is proposed that hamster hepatocytes are useful for detecting mutagenesis in V79 cells induced by nitrosamines. PMID- 7133034 TI - The frequency of sister-chromatid exchanges in human lymphocytes treated with some methylindoles. PMID- 7133035 TI - Excision-repair patch size in DNA from human KB cells treated with UV-light, or methyl methanesulfonate. AB - We have used the method of combined bromodeoxyuridine density label and radioactive label to measure the size of the repair patches appearing in the DNA of KB cells following treatment with UV-light or MMS. The repair patch size distribution was found to be the same for both agents, corresponding to the insertion of 34-40 nucleotides. These results, confirm recent results obtained by the bromodeoxyuridine-photolysis technique, that simple alkylating agents induce 'long patch' repair in human cells. PMID- 7133036 TI - Human leukocyte interferon does not induce sister-chromatid exchanges in human blood lymphocytes. AB - The effect of human leukocyte interferon on sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) and chromosomal aberratins was studied in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of 4 healthy male donors. No significant differences were found in the incidence of SCE and aberrations. Also the response to PHA stimulation and the rate of cell multiplication was not altered when the lymphocytes are exposed to human leukocyte interferon. PMID- 7133037 TI - A freeze-fracture study of normal and dystrophic C57BL mouse muscle. AB - Freeze-fracture replicas of normal and dystrophic C57BL mouse muscle and kidney were examined to see whether here was a deficit in plasmalemmal particles which others suggest is a feature of dystrophies. When compared with normal membranes there was an increase in the particle density in dystrophic extensor digitorum longus muscle, a decrease in dystrophic soleus muscle, and no change in dystrophic kidney. Therefore there was not a general deficit in intramembrane particles in this dystrophic tissue. Indirect evidence supported the hypothesis that abnormalities in dystrophic mouse muscles are caused by abnormal motor input. The density of indentations, parallel to the T-tubule, on the flat surface of the terminal cisternae can be modulated by the motor nerve. Changes were found in indentation density in dystrophic muscle which were similar to changes seen after transection of the spinal cord in the mid-thoracic region. There were parallel changes in contractile properties and indentation density in dystrophic fibers. PMID- 7133038 TI - Unilateral calf enlargement following S1 radiculopathy. AB - Two cases of unilateral calf enlargement following S1 radiculopathy are reported. "True" muscular hypertrophy could be confirmed by computerized tomography of the muscle. Muscle biopsy disclosed that fiber hypertrophy exceeded grouped fiber atrophy. In one case both fiber types were involved, and in the other mostly type 1 fibers were affected. Electromyography revealed dense pseudomyotonic activity and fasciculations. These findings are discussed in view of the current literature. PMID- 7133039 TI - Lipid composition of sarcoplasmic reticulum from mice with muscular dystrophy. AB - We have recently reported on the isolation and characterization of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) from normal and dystrophic mice. These purified fractions were similar in functional characteristics. We now present an analysis of the lipids in our purified SR. The lipids were generally found to be similar. Most of the differences found between the two preparations were consistent with a somewhat greater surface membrane contamination in SR fractions from dystrophic mice. This was so with respect to cholesterol content and fatty acid composition. A small decrease, however, in content of phosphatidylcholine was observed in the dystrophic SR fractions. Fluorescence polarization studies using the probe 1,6 diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene in sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes over the temperature range 3 to 38 C showed slightly greater anisotropy in the dystrophic fractions, which is also consistent with a greater contamination of this fraction by surface membrane elements (sarcolemma and transverse tubule). PMID- 7133040 TI - Parenteral branched-chain amino acid treatment and avian dystrophy. AB - Genetically homozygous line 413 dystrophic chickens were given twice-daily intraperitoneal injections of solutions containing branched-chain amino acids (BCCA-leucine, valine, isoleucine) either alone or in combination; and their alpha-ketoacid analogs (alpha-ketoisocaproic and alpha-ketoisovaleric acids). Another trial consisted of an amino acid mixture containing BCAA. Amino acid supplementation in each case significantly prolonged righting ability measured regularly by a standardized flip-test procedure. Enhanced functional ability was not generally accompanied by a decrease in plasma creatine kinase activity. However, a measurable increase in the affected pectoralis major muscle mass and protein content (female chickens in particular) was found with BCAA therapy. Moreover, the increase in muscle bulk was attended in some cases by a reduction in the relative number of degenerating fibers quantitated microscopically. Contrariwise, the amino acid mixture caused a reduction in pectoralis muscle mass. It is concluded that parenteral BCAA therapy offers limited benefit in retarding dystrophic symptoms in the chickens. PMID- 7133041 TI - Single fiber electromyography in chronic renal failure. AB - Nineteen patients with chronic renal failure receiving intermittent hemodialysis had single fiber electromyography studies of their extensor digitorum communis muscles. Jitter values were abnormal, more so in men than in women. The jitter abnormalities tended to improve after intermittent hemodialysis treatments lasting longer than 1 year. PMID- 7133042 TI - Abnormal distribution of proteins in the soleus and extensor digitorum longus of dystrophic mice. AB - Proteins of the whole muscle homogenates of the slow-twitch soleus (SOL) and fast twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) of normal and dystrophic C57BL/6J mice at 4, 8, 12, and 32 weeks of age were resolved on polyacrylamide isoelectric focusing gels. Gels of the normal SOL proteins at all ages contained two bands specific to SOL and not represented in EDL. Gels of normal EDL contained three bands highly amplified in EDL but barely detectable in SOL. The distribution of proteins in dystrophic SOL was abnormal at all age groups studied due, in part, to a decrease in the proportion of SOL-specific proteins relative to other proteins in the muscle. The distribution of proteins in dystrophic EDL appeared abnormal first at 12 weeks due to a decrease in the relative proportion of EDL amplified proteins. Due to these and other changes, at 32 weeks the dystrophic SOL and EDL were almost indistinguishable on the basis of their proteins' distributions. PMID- 7133043 TI - T system abnormalities in differentiating skeletal fibers of dystrophic chickens. AB - Ultrastructural T system abnormalities are common in mature skeletal fibers from dystrophic chickens, but little is known of their development. Muscle strips from dystrophic and normal chickens aged 1 day through 4 weeks were examined in ultrathin plastic sections. At hatching, triads were sparse, with no apparent abnormalities. At 1 week, triads were more common; in some dystrophic fibers the T tubules were swollen, ballooned beyond the triad, or assembled asymmetrically, with or without supernumerary (greater than 2) junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum components. At 12 weeks, many dystrophic fibers also displayed degenerative changes, i.e., myofibrillar disintegration and cytoplasmic dispersion. At 4 weeks normal triad assembly was complete, T system abnormalities were widespread in dystrophic fibers. Fiber degeneration had progressed to breakdown and replacement. Thus, derangement of the T system (which parallels onset of muscle dysfunction) superimposed on triad assembly suggests that compromised excitation contraction coupling is an early event in the chicken dystrophy. PMID- 7133044 TI - Changes in muscle esterases in genetically dystrophic and control littermate mice. AB - The hypothesis that the existence of a family of isoenzymes is at the basis of the heterogeneity of esterase activity among skeletal muscles from dystrophic Re 129J and control littermate mice was tested using isoelectrofocusing (IEF) in polyacrylamide gel. All muscles considered showed not only quantitative heterogeneity, as previously observed in this laboratory, but also qualitative differences with regard to their esterase isoenzymes. Differences in the number and the relative amounts of isoenzymatic bands were found between different muscles from both control and dystrophic animals. In most dystrophic muscles a new isoenzymatic band appeared at pH 6.6. Another band, identified at pH 5.12, was more pronounced in dystrophic than in control muscles. The specificity of these observations is indirectly supported by the fact that other tissue, such as heart, liver, and kidney, did not show the quantitative or qualitative abnormality present in the dystrophic skeletal muscles. PMID- 7133045 TI - Congenita myasthenia gravis. PMID- 7133046 TI - Proteinase inhibitors and muscle degeneration. PMID- 7133047 TI - Sporotrichosis-like mycetoma caused by Actinomadura madurae. PMID- 7133048 TI - [The action of antifungal imidazole derivatives on rat liver mitochondria]. PMID- 7133050 TI - Isolation of keratinophilic fungi from soil in Bihar (India). PMID- 7133049 TI - Dermatomycosis in goats in India. PMID- 7133051 TI - Carnitine in Trypanosoma brucei brucei. PMID- 7133052 TI - P-NMR studies of pH homeostasis in intact adult Fasciola hepatica. PMID- 7133053 TI - Intestinal epithelial membrane changes in rats immune to Trichinella spiralis. AB - Establishment of Trichinella spiralis infective larvae is blocked to a large degree in the immune rat as compared with the nonimmune host. The rapidity with which this response occurs indicates that most worms are either prevented from penetrating the intestinal epithelium or are rejected immediately after cell entry. It is proposed that interference with larval infectivity is due to alterations in the epithelial cell apical or brush border membrane. Alterations may result from prior infection or may reflect an acute change induced by challenge infection. In either case the establishment of normal populations of larvae in the mucosa is disturbed. Lectin binding capacity of brush border membranes was used to assess possible membrane alterations. This parameter in uninfected (control) rats was compared with that in infected rats, which acquire resistance to subsequent challenge, and in infected rats immediately after a challenge inoculum. Enriched brush border membrane preparations were characterized for their binding of wheat germ agglutinin, which attaches specifically to the carbohydrate, N-acetylglucosamine. Maximum specific binding of 125I-labeled wheat germ agglutinin occurred within 20 min. The spontaneous rate of dissociation was negligible for 90 min. Highest specific binding resulted at 24 degrees C, pH 6.0 and with 75 micrograms brush border membrane protein per assay tube. Results suggested the existence of multiple binding sites. 1 mg of membrane protein from uninfected rats and rats immunized by primary infection maximally bound 9.8 X 10(10) and 4.3 X 10(10) molecules of wheat germ agglutinin, respectively. Binding for the 'immune' brush border membrane, as compared with the 'uninfected' brush border membrane was reduced during the first 3 weeks of infection and remained low for at least 3 months. No further reduction in binding was observed for brush border membrane isolated within minutes after a secondary infection. These results reveal the induction by a primary infection of changes in brush border membrane structure and the persistence of these changes in the immune host. In view of the rapid turnover time of epithelial tissue the mechanism by which this change is perpetuated speculatively involves immune elements in the lamina propria. PMID- 7133054 TI - Distinctive chromosomal abnormalities in histologic subtypes of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - Using a new high-resolution technique for chromosomal analysis, we have successfully studied biopsy specimens of lymph nodes from 42 of 44 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and have categorized them using the new international histologic formulation and immunologic markers. Abnormalities of the clonal chromosomes were detected in all 42 patients. Three recurrent chromosomal aberrations were found to correlate with certain histologic types: a translocation between chromosomes 18 and 14 in 16 of 19 patients with follicular lymphomas (small cleaved cell, mixed cell, and large cell); a translocation between chromosomes 8 and 14 in 5 of 6 patients with small noncleaved-cell (non Burkitt's) or large-cell immunoblastic lymphoma; and a trisomy 12 in 4 of 11 patients with small-cell lymphocytic lymphoma. Our findings suggest that characteristic chromosomal defects occur in certain lymphoma subtypes and that high-resolution chromosomal analysis promises to become an important tool in improving our basic understanding of lymphoid cancers. PMID- 7133056 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 45-1982. A 63-year-old woman with hypercalcemia and facial weakness. PMID- 7133055 TI - Rates of total hip arthroplasty; a population-based study. AB - Three hundred eighty-one total hip arthroplasties were performed on residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, during the period from 1969 to 1980, for a rate (adjusted for sex and age) of 44.6 per 100,000 person-years. Rates rose with age, were higher for women than men, and were higher among urban than rural residents of the county. If we assume that the Olmsted County experience is medically optimal and apply it to the 1980 United States population, we calculate a national requirement of over 100,000 total hip arthroplasties per year, well above the current actual figure. If this calculated number of total hip arthroplasties were actually performed each year, over 1.4 million hospital days would be required, and direct medical costs would probably exceed $1 billion annually. PMID- 7133057 TI - How preventable is bacterial meningitis. PMID- 7133058 TI - The treatment of gram-negative bacteremia and shock. PMID- 7133059 TI - Deflation of a Foley catheter balloon. PMID- 7133060 TI - Intraventricular hemorrhage in the premature infant. PMID- 7133061 TI - Nifedipine for relief of esophageal chest pain? PMID- 7133062 TI - High-density lipoproteins and atherosclerosis. PMID- 7133063 TI - Carpet-layer's knee. PMID- 7133064 TI - The increasing costs of a "core" medical library. PMID- 7133065 TI - Complaints about "the chief complaint". PMID- 7133066 TI - Bimanual dexterity in major league baseball players: a statistical study. PMID- 7133067 TI - Patterns of diffusion through skin capillaries in patients with long-term diabetes. AB - We used intravital fluorescence videomicroscopy to study the pattern of transcapillary and interstitial diffusion in the nail folds of 13 patients with long-term diabetes and of 12 healthy controls. In both groups intravenously injected sodium fluorescein left the intravascular compartment. Its distribution in the pericapillary space and in the remote parts of the interstitial space was measured on single frames of the television tape by videodensitometers that are sensitive to intensities of fluorescent light. In the diabetics the dye passed both physiologic diffusion barriers--the capillary wall and the pericapillary space--in significantly increased amounts (P less than 0.01). The enhanced penetration of the tracer into the remote area caused an early homogeneous, milky blurring of the capillary image, whereas in the controls the pericapillary space remained clearly delineated for as long as 40 to 50 minutes after the appearance of the dye. The altered pattern of diffusion could be explained by increased permeability of the diffusion barriers, or, alternatively, by either changes of the mobility of the dye due to binding of the dye by intravascular or interstitial proteins or abnormal hemodynamics in the microvascular circulation. This technique provides a quantitative, noninvasive method of studying the natural history of diabetic microangiopathy. PMID- 7133068 TI - Small-area variations in the use of common surgical procedures: an international comparison of New England, England, and Norway. AB - We examined the incidence of seven common surgical procedures in seven hospital service areas in southern Norway, in 21 districts in the West Midlands of the United Kingdom, and in the 18 most heavily populated hospital service areas in Vermont, Maine, and Rhode Island. Although surgical rates were higher in the New England states than in the United Kingdom or Norway, there was no greater degree of variability in the rates of surgery among the service areas within the three New England states. Hernia repair was more variable in England (P less than 0.05) and hysterectomy in Norway (P less than 0.05) than in the other countries. There was consistency among countries in the rank order of variability for most procedures: tonsillectomy, hemorrhoidectomy, hysterectomy, and prostatectomy varied more from area to area than did appendectomy, hernia repair, or cholecystectomy. The degree of variation generally appeared to be more characteristic of the procedure than of the country in which it was performed. Thus, differences among countries in the methods of organizing and financing care appear to have little relation to the intrinsic variability in the incidence of common surgical procedures among hospital service areas in these countries. Despite the differences in average rates of use, the degrees of controversy and uncertainty concerning the indications for these procedures seem to be similar among clinicians in all three countries. PMID- 7133069 TI - Isoniazid-induced carbamazepine toxicity and vice versa: a double drug interaction. PMID- 7133071 TI - Sounding boards. Misuse of laboratory tests and diagnostic procedures. PMID- 7133070 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 46-1982. A 42-year-old woman with headache of long duration and recent papilledema. PMID- 7133072 TI - Sounding Boards. Historical controls: the practitioner's clinical trials. PMID- 7133073 TI - Laetrile. PMID- 7133074 TI - Cerebral atrophy in young torture victims. PMID- 7133075 TI - Anaphylaxis associated with insect repellent. PMID- 7133076 TI - Long-term survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. PMID- 7133077 TI - Sodium nitroprusside in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7133078 TI - Transient hypertension after high doses of metoclopramide. PMID- 7133079 TI - "Cold" thyroid nodules seen with nonradioactive iodine. PMID- 7133080 TI - Acute thyroid swelling after needle biopsy of the thyroid. PMID- 7133081 TI - Interaction of alpha-thalassemia and homozygous sickle-cell disease. PMID- 7133082 TI - Otalgia in infants travelling in airplanes. PMID- 7133083 TI - Occasional notes. The SAG index. PMID- 7133084 TI - The gasping syndrome and benzyl alcohol poisoning. PMID- 7133085 TI - Carotid bruit and the risk of stroke in elective surgery. PMID- 7133087 TI - Digoxin antibodies and digitalis intoxication. PMID- 7133088 TI - Surgery for patients with carotid-artery murmurs. PMID- 7133086 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 47-1982. Persistence of a mediastinal mass after chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7133089 TI - Carcinogenesis and exposure to electrical and magnetic fields. PMID- 7133090 TI - Nutritive value of processed meats. PMID- 7133091 TI - Hereditary renal carcinoma and chromosomal defects. PMID- 7133093 TI - Screening for iron deficiency. PMID- 7133092 TI - Hypertryptophanemia and indoleketonuria in two mentally subnormal siblings. PMID- 7133094 TI - Inversion petechiae. PMID- 7133095 TI - American medical care--is it worth it? PMID- 7133096 TI - Hypoglycemia associated with antibodies to the insulin receptor. AB - Antibodies to the insulin receptor are insulinomimetic in vitro, although they generally induce insulin resistance in vivo. We report the novel case of a patient who presented with fasting hypoglycemia as the sole manifestation of autoantibodies to the insulin receptor. Prednisone therapy (120 mg per day) produced a rise in fasting glucose to more than 100 mg per deciliter (6 mmol per liter) within 48 hours, although there was no detectable change in the titer of antireceptor antibodies. After 10 weeks of therapy, the titer of antireceptor antibodies had fallen approximately 100-fold, and prednisone could be discontinued without recurrence of hypoglycemia. This case demonstrates that antireceptor antibodies must be considered in the differential diagnosis of hypoglycemia, especially in patients with other manifestations of autoimmunity. PMID- 7133097 TI - Effects of hospital revenue bonds on hospital planning and operations. PMID- 7133098 TI - Law-medicine notes. Psychiatric evaluations and mitigating circumstances in capital-punishment sentencing. PMID- 7133099 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 48-1982. Recurrent pancreatitis in a four-year-old girl. PMID- 7133100 TI - Antibodies and disorders of glucose metabolism: a courting couple. PMID- 7133101 TI - Radioactivity in cigarette smoke (continued) PMID- 7133102 TI - Fenfluramine in autism. PMID- 7133103 TI - Pseudoxanthoma elasticum and mitral-valve prolapse. PMID- 7133104 TI - "High-risk" bundle-branch block. PMID- 7133105 TI - Platelet transfusions from single donors. PMID- 7133106 TI - Cutaneous "MAIS" infectious granuloma. PMID- 7133107 TI - Neuronal origin of human esthesioneuroblastoma. PMID- 7133108 TI - Turnips and false-positive hemoccult tests. PMID- 7133109 TI - Don't overlook iron overload. PMID- 7133110 TI - Stereo earphones and hearing loss. PMID- 7133111 TI - More noise in the ear canal. PMID- 7133112 TI - Health care and American business (continued) PMID- 7133113 TI - Special report. Air transport of pediatric emergency cases. PMID- 7133114 TI - The inability of Fusarium species extracts to induce dieback in pine. AB - Cultures of F. moniliforme var. subglutinans, F. moniliforme, F. lateritium, F. equiseti, F. semitectum and F. solani from pine and F. moniliforme and F. graminearum from southern U.S. corn were grown on rice and corn, extracted, and checked for toxicity in mice, chicken embryos, and pine seedlings, and for mutagenicity by the Ames test. While extracts from both fungal groups contained toxins, none of the extracts induced dieback in pine seedlings. Almost all of the cultures isolated from corn in contrast to those from pine, were mutagenic. Thin layer chromatography did not detect T-2 toxin, moniliformin, or vomitoxin, indicating that these toxins do not elicit dieback symptoms in pine. PMID- 7133115 TI - Mycotoxin formation in moist wheat under controlled temperatures. AB - One-kilogram parcels of wheat with 20.5% moisture content were maintained at 15 degrees and 22 degrees C for 10 weeks to study quality changes. Temperature, moisture, oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, microflora incidence and abundance, seed germination, fat acidity values, aflatoxins, sterigmatocystin, ochratoxin A, penicillic acid, citrinin and zearalenone were monitored. By two weeks, trace levels of ochratoxin had formed at both temperatures. By 10 weeks, the wheat contained at least three times more ochratoxin A at 22 degrees C than at 15 degrees C. Strains of Penicillium verrucosum var. cyclopium were associated with ochratoxin A production. No other mycotoxins were detected. The effect of temperature was significant for all variables (greater effect at 22 degree C) except A. glaucus gr. and Penicillium (P less than .01). The effect of time was significant for all variables except bacteria (P less than .01). The shape of the response was fully characterized by the linear and quadratic terms, except for % moisture which was linear only, and for bacteria for which time was not significant. The interaction between time and temperature was significant (P less than .01) for total fungal propagule count, % moisture, and Aspergillus versicolor, indicative of the steeper rise in slope for 22 degrees C. PMID- 7133116 TI - Accidental poisoning of children by veterinary drugs. PMID- 7133117 TI - The acetylcholine receptor cloned east and west. PMID- 7133118 TI - Human metallothionein genes--primary structure of the metallothionein-II gene and a related processed gene. AB - The complete nucleotide sequence of two of the human metallothionein gene family has been compared. One is a functional metallothionein-II gene, the other a pseudogene, lacking introns, terminating in a poly(A) tail and flanked by two direct repeats. In addition, we have detected a size polymorphism associated with the processed gene in the population, examined, and we have observed a region of apparent secondary structure homology between of 5' flanking region of the functional metallothionein-II gene and that of a mouse metallothionein-I gene. PMID- 7133119 TI - Self-pituitary grafts are not rejected by frogs deprived of their pituitary anlagen as embryos. AB - In the present study, we have adopted the model of Triplett to reinvestigate the timing of development of immunological tolerance to self-organ-specific antigens. We have removed pituitary or eye analgen from embryos before development of the immune system and returned them at a later time as differentiated organ implants to their now immunocompetent larval or adult original owners. If immunological tolerance to these putative organ-specific self-antigens occurs at an early and fixed time period, than organ-deprived hosts, lacking the opportunity to become tolerant, would be expected to reject such implants. Our results show that self implants were never rejected whereas control allogeneic implants were usually rejected by larval hosts and were always rejected by adult hosts. These data, which contrast with those reported by Triplett, suggest that frogs, and perhaps other higher vertebrates, can become tolerant to self-organ-specific antigens throughout life. PMID- 7133120 TI - Clonal interaction in tumours. AB - The development of cancer is contingent on the emergence of at least one clone of transformed cells. One method used to investigate whether human tumours are monoclonal depends on the mosaicism in the normal tissues of women heterozygous for the two forms of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD). This mosaicism results from the inactivation of one X chromosome in all somatic cells and should not exist in a monoclonal population. Following the discovery in feral mice of an electrophoretic variant (A) of the X-coded enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK-1) which differs from the form (B) found in common laboratory mouse strains it was reported that fibrosarcomas induced chemically in hybrids of feral and laboratory-bred mice expressed both enzyme phenotypes, but the conclusion that both were expressed by neoplastic cells was based solely on morphological evidence. The development of histocompatible substrains of mice homozygous for one or other alloenzyme has made it possible to study the clonal composition of tumours under experimental conditions in which the neoplastic status of subpopulations of cells can be verified by transplantation. The experiments we now report, while confirming that murine fibrosarcomas are often pleoclonal, show that the clonal composition may change markedly during tissue culture and on transplantation to congenic hosts. These changes presumably reflect changes in the growth kinetics of differentiating subpopulations of the tumour. Cloned sublines are less readily transplantable than uncloned tumour cell populations, and some sublines are less readily transplantable than others; this suggests that sublines resistant to a host's attack are selected on transplantation or that some sublines require the cooperation of others to survive. We postulate that changes in clonal composition occur also during tumour development, metastasis and recurrence. PMID- 7133121 TI - Hydrogen ion currents and intracellular pH in depolarized voltage-clamped snail neurones. AB - Until now the only reported effect of depolarization on the intracellular pH (pHi) of excitable cells in an acidification of the cell cytoplasm. It seems unlikely that this could be a direct effect of membrane potential because pHi is known to be regulated by an electroneutral mechanism and in most cells H+ ions are not in equilibrium with the membrane potential (Em). In any case the membrane conductance to H+ ions would be expected to be small because they are at such low concentrations on either side of the cell membrane. But it is possible that the H+ ion permeability of the membrane increases on depolarization just like that of other ions in the bathing medium depolarization just like that of other ions in the bathing medium (Na+, K+ and Ca2+ for example). To test this idea we have made pHi measurements on molluscan neurones under voltage-clamp. Our findings, presented here, provide evidence for a large increase in H+ ion permeability in depolarized cells. We suggest that this increase in proton conductance may be the basis for the "nonspecific' currents previously described in perfused molluscan neurones and we assess the physiological significance of this newly discovered pathway. PMID- 7133122 TI - Intracellular Cl- accumulation reduces Cl- conductance in inhibitory synaptic channels. AB - Glycine increases Cl- conductance in neurones of the lamprey central nervous system and mimics the natural inhibitory transmitter pharmacologically. We have use current noise produce by glycine to examine in more detail the characteristics of inhibitory channels in Muller cells in the brain stem reticular formation. The channels have large conductances and mean open times consistent with large amplitudes and long durations of spontaneously occurring inhibitory synaptic currents. We now show that, unlike any post-junctional channels reported so far, their conductance decreases rapidly with increasing intracellular concentration of the permeant ion. This surprising behaviour is inconsistent with constant field theory and also with a single-site pore model such as proposed for cationic channels at the motor endplate, both of which predict an increase in conductance with concentration. In addition, the decrease in conductance cannot be explained quantitatively by a two-site, single-file pore model such as proposed for K+ channels and Na+ channels in nerve and for gramicidin channels. This property of the inhibitory channel may be functionally important in preventing intracellular Cl- accumulation during periods of intense synaptic activity when inhibition might otherwise convert progressively to excitation as the Cl- equilibrium potential became more and more positive. PMID- 7133123 TI - Denervation of newborn rat muscle does not block the appearance of adult fast myosin heavy chain. AB - Several observations, both in vivo and in vitro, have indicated that the development and maturation of mammalian skeletal muscle fibres is influenced by nerve-muscle interactions. Morphological maturation of newly regenerated adult mouse muscle fibers in an organotypic nerve-muscle culture system depends on the presence of spinal cord neurones. Sciatic nerve transection in newborn rats has been shown to modify the development of the histochemical and contractile properties of the denervated muscles. In addition, neural influences are important for the appearance of certain of the myosin small subunits. It has been proposed that the nerve also controls the changes in myosin heavy chain isozymes appearing during development. One such transition occurs in rat muscle where the neonatal form of myosin heavy chain is replaced by the adult form during the second post-natal week. Here we demonstrate that innervation of the rat gastrocnemius muscle (a fast-contracting muscle in the adult) is not required for the appearance of the adult form of myosin heavy chain. PMID- 7133124 TI - The fetal soul. PMID- 7133125 TI - Food--the best medicine. PMID- 7133126 TI - Fire deaths and toxic gases. PMID- 7133127 TI - Harvard accused of impropriety. PMID- 7133128 TI - NSF budget for 1983: spending lags behind inflation. PMID- 7133129 TI - Research on ageing: US physicians come to life. PMID- 7133130 TI - Gigaseal patch clamp recordings from outer segments of intact retinal rods. PMID- 7133131 TI - US medical schools: counting social costs. PMID- 7133132 TI - Anti-ovalbumin monoclonal antibodies interact with their antigen in internal membranes of Xenopus oocytes. PMID- 7133133 TI - Anatomy of a human cancer gene. PMID- 7133134 TI - The biology of teratocarcinomas. PMID- 7133135 TI - A point mutation is responsible for the acquisition of transforming properties by the T24 human bladder carcinoma oncogene. AB - The genetic change that leads to the activation of the oncogene in T24 human bladder carcinoma cells is shown to be a single point mutation of guanosine into thymidine. This substitution results in the incorporation of valine instead of glycine as the twelfth amino acid residue of the T24 oncogene-encoded p21 protein. Thus, a single amino acid substitution appears to be sufficient to confer transforming properties on the gene product of the T24 human bladder carcinoma oncogene. PMID- 7133136 TI - Structure of physiologically classified neurones in the kitten dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. AB - The mammalian forebrain, including the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd) and the visual cortex, continues both structural and functional development postnatally and is therefore a useful model for the study of developmental processes in the central nervous system (CNS). We report here the first description and comparison of the structural development of individual, functionally identified neurones in the mammalian forebrain. This comparison is made for the three main cell groups of the central visual pathways (W-, X- and Y cells), in the neonate and the adult. In the adult, these three classes of neurones have different characteristic electrophysiological properties(1-9) and relay information in parallel about different features of a visual scene8,9 from the retina through the LGNd to the visual cortex. In addition, each of the three functional cell types has a characteristic structure in the adult10,11. By injection of the enzyme marker substance, horseradish peroxidase, into electrophysiologically identified neurones, the present study demonstrates that each of these functional classes of neurones also has a characteristic morphology in the neonate (in the LGNd of kitten 3-4 postnatal weeks of age). However, striking differences in the rates of maturation are seen. The W-cells are already mature at this age. The X-cells are the least developed. Surprisingly, some Y cells are mature. Due to the susceptibility of Y-cells to an abnormal visual environment during development12-18, they had previously been thought to be slower to mature. PMID- 7133137 TI - Monocular deprivation affects X- and Y-cell retinogeniculate terminations in cats. AB - The X- and Y-cell pathways in cats form two functionally distinct, parallel systems from the retina through the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) to the visual cortex1-4. We recently used the technique of intraaxonal injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to demonstrate major differences between X- and Y cells in their retinogeniculate termination patterns5 (compare Figs 1 alpha and 2 alpha). Normally, axons of X-cells innervate geniculate lamina A or A1 (depending on the eye of origin) in narrow zones oriented perpendicular to the lamination. Some X-cells also terminate sparsely (that is, with few boutons) in the medial interlaminar nucleus (MIN), a subdivision of the LGN. Y-cell axons terminate either in laminae C and A (from the contralateral retina) or in lamina A1 (from the ipsilateral retina) in broad zones5,6, and most also terminate densely (with many boutons) in the MIN. We now report that cats raised with monocular lid suture develop abnormal retinogeniculate termination patterns. Many X-cell axons arising from the deprived eye have unusually broad terminal fields in lamina A or A1, and some also densely innervate the MIN. Many Y-cell axons from the deprived eye have dramatically shrunken or absent terminal fields in the A laminae and MIN. These changes constitute the most peripheral effects of monocular deprivation discovered so far, are consistent with previous reports of functional abnormalities among deprived geniculate neurones4,7,8 ad suggest possible mechanisms by which the visual environment influences neuronal development. PMID- 7133138 TI - The role of position in determining homoeotic gene function in Drosophila. AB - Homoeotic mutations of Drosophila lead to the replacement of one structure by another, for example, Antennapedia replaces the antenna with a mesothoracic leg and bithorax produces an anterior wing instead of the anterior haltere. The transformed structures differentiated by the homoeotic mutants are essentially normal--only the position in which they appear is abnormal. The mutant phenotypes suggest that in normal development homoeotic genes are involved in developmental alternatives and contribute to a genetic address that defines the particular developmental pathway taken by a primordial group of cells. Thus, in the absence of homoeotic gene function, primordia in different positions should follow the same basic developmental pathway. This is indeed the case for embryos that show no activity of bithorax genes; thoracic and abdominal segments develop as mesothorax. The simplest view on homoeotic gene function is that the genes act selectively on primordia depending on their position in the embryo. To test this hypothesis, we used a mutation at the Antennapedia locus, Antp, which transforms the antenna into a mesothoracic leg, and we observed the function of the homoeotic genes engrailed and Ultrabithorax in two apparently morphologically identical appendages which develop from primordia in different positions. Our results indicate that position is the relevant factor in the function of these two homoeotic genes. PMID- 7133139 TI - Kinetics of sickle haemoglobin polymerization in single red cells. AB - Kinetic studies on solutions of purified haemoglobin S indicate that the rate of intracellular polymerization is an important variable in the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease. Until now, however, no experimental technique has been available to measure directly the kinetics of intracellular polymerization. Indirect methods, which use visual determination of cellular shape changes or changes in filterability of red cell suspensions, have given apparently conflicting results. Here we report our initial results on the application of a laser-photolysis, light scattering technique to measure directly the kinetics of haemoglobin S polymerization in single red cells. In our experiment, deoxyhaemoglobin S is rapidly formed by photolysing the carbon monoxide complex with an argon ion laser focused inside the cell, and the change in scattered light is used to detect the appearance of polymer. We find a very wide distribution of delay times, ranging from 1 ms to greater than 100 s, indicating that the polymerization inside red cells proceeds by the same nucleation and growth mechanism as in solutions of purified haemoglobin S. PMID- 7133140 TI - [Cancer as a function of disposition, exposure and age]. AB - Essential parameters in carcinogenesis are the genetic and extragenetic disposition of an individual, its exposure to chemical, physical or viral influences in the environment as well as its age as the time that is needed to induce cancer. Cancer prevention seems only possible by reducing the exposure. It will be discussed whether the increase in life expectancy has become so important during the past decades that it compensates all efforts of reducing the exposure. PMID- 7133141 TI - A sensitive assay for thymine dimers. PMID- 7133143 TI - [Magnetic shielded room to measure very low magnetic and electric fields]. AB - An extraordinary magnetically shielded room was designed and constructed for the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Institut Berlin to measure extremely weak magnetic fields of the human body with SQUID-magnetometers. The inner and the outer dimensions of the cube-shaped room are 2.25 m and about 5 m. The shield has 6 magnetic shells of a high-permeability alloy and an inner shell welded of massive copper plates. The total weight of the magnetic alloy is about 10 t and about 5 t for the inner copper shell. The required shielding factor of 1000 for the very low frequencies was greatly surpassed by the real measured value of 10000 (measured without any compensating or idealizing method). With rising frequencies the shielding factor reaches higher values, at 50 Hz more than 100000 and a million for 1000 Hz. First measurements in the shielded room with high resolution magnetocardiograms (HR MCG) and high-resolution electrocardiograms (HR ECG) showed new methods for non-invasive electrophysiological investigations in man. PMID- 7133142 TI - Detection of lung- and breast carcinoma by quantitating serum anti-T IgM levels with a sensitive, solid-phase immunoassay. PMID- 7133144 TI - Accumulation of mycotoxins by Baccharis coridifolia: a reason for livestock poisoning. PMID- 7133145 TI - IgA- and IgG-enhancing but IgE-suppressing characteristics of lipopolysaccharide- or cholesterol-ovalbumin conjugate intubated to mice. PMID- 7133146 TI - [Role of singlet oxygen in porphyria diseases]. PMID- 7133147 TI - Lectin-like properties associated with mucus and mucilage of diverse biological origin. PMID- 7133148 TI - Lipophilic substances in human faeces: the structure of a novel limonoid. PMID- 7133149 TI - Intestinal changes in gnotobiotic piglets experimentally inoculated with porcine rotavirus. AB - Intestinal lesions were studied in 8 gnotobiotic piglets orally given porcine rotavirus by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Five of these piglets were killed 6, 12, 18, 24 and 48 hours after inoculation, respectively. Of the other 3 piglets, one died 60 hours and two became moribund 96 and 114 hours after inoculation, respectively. All the infected piglets showed diarrhea between 18 and 24 hours after inoculation. Examination of the small intestine by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy indicated the extensive degeneration and desquamation of epithelial cells with villi stripped and shortened. Villous degeneration, especially that in the jejunum and ileum, was very severe 24 hours after inoculation. Within 48 hours after inoculation, all the stripped villi were replaced by multiplication of regenerated cuboidal epithelial cells. Transmission electron microscopy revealed many virus particles in the epithelial cells of the small intestine 18 hours after inoculation. PMID- 7133150 TI - Hematopathological changes in dead and moribund chicks induced by chicken anemia agent. AB - Fifty day-old chicks were inoculated wit the Gifu-1 strain of chicken anemia agents. They began to show anemia and a drop in body weight 10 days postinoculation. Thirty-five of them died over a period of 12 to 23 days, mostly between 14 and 18 days postinoculation. Hematocrit value and red and white blood cell counts were markedly reduced in moribund birds. Polychromatic erythrocytes and granulocytes dropped in incidence in the peripheral blood accompanied with a fall in hematocrit value, and gained again with recovery from anemia. Macroscopically, dead and moribund birds revealed yellow bone marrow, marked atrophy of the thymus and bursa of Fabricius, discoloration and swelling of the liver, spleen and kidneys. In some cases, there were partially well-defined necrotic foci in the liver, round heart, fresh hemorrhages in the proventricular mucosa, erosion on the gizzard mucosa, and subcutaneous edema. Microscopically, marked hypoplasia or aplasia of hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow and severe depletion of lymphocytes in lymphoid organs, such as the thymus, bursa of Fabricius, spleen, and cecal tonsils, were commonly seen in affected birds. The changes described above suggested that the anemia induced by chicken anemia agent might closely be related to the bone marrow function. PMID- 7133151 TI - Genetic relationships among 5 inbred strains established from common ancestor, dd mouse, as assessed by mandible analysis. AB - By multivariate analysis using mandible measurements genetic relationships were investigated among 5 inbred strains, DDD, DDK, DSD, DD/Tbr and DDY, derived from the common ancestor, dd mouse. (1) In canonical discriminant analysis (discriminant analysis with reduction of dimensionality), 3 DD strains, DDD, DSD, and DDY, were closer to one another than to any control strain on planes Z1-Z2, Z1-Z3, and Z2-Z3. Only the DDK strain was quite far from those 3 strains. (2) In the discriminant analysis, however, the 5 inbred strains could be classified correctly at the rate of 100%. They were genetically different from one another. (3) The causes for this genetical difference seemed to be the genetic heterogeneity of the ancestor dd mouse and the method of inbreeding which had been independent since the separation. PMID- 7133152 TI - Intrapressures and oxygen contents of air sacs at deformation of expiratory oxygen-concentration curve in chickens. AB - Intrapressures and oxygen contents of air sacs were measured in adult hens showing spontaneous deformation episodes of expiratory oxygen curve. Differential pressures between air sacs were also determined. The deformation resembled that seen at the time of uneven pulmonary ventilation in mammals. To analyse the mechanism responsible for genesis of the deformation episode, an airway was obstructed in the unilateral extrapulmonary primary bronchus by a small balloon. This maneuver caused the expiratory oxygen curve to deform and values of intrapressure and oxygen content of air sacs to change similarly to those of the spontaneous deformation episode. Some of the latter changes in intrapressure and oxygen content caused by obstruction in the left bronchus were different from those caused by obstruction in the right one. The side of airway obstruction at the spontaneous deformation episode could thus be deduced by this result. It was hypothesized that respiratory air from the lung-air sac system on the obstructed side might have flowed through the clavicular air sac to the primary bronchus on the non-obstructed side and vice versa. This condition might induce large respiratory fluctuations of oxygen content in the clavicular air sac, and would be responsible for plateau inclination (deformation) of the expiratory oxygen curve. PMID- 7133153 TI - Evidence that phentolamine is not an inhibitor of extraneuronal uptake. AB - 1. Tracheal segments from guinea-pigs pretreated with 6-hydroxydopamine were incubated in isoprenaline at 37 degrees C for 5 min in the absence or presence of phentolamine. Catechol-O-methyl transferase was inhibited by 100 mumol l-1 U 0521. Tissues were prepared for fluorescence histochemistry and accumulated isoprenaline in trachealis smooth muscle cells (fluorescence) was measured by microphotometry. 2. Phentolamine, in concentrations up to 100 mumol l-1, had no effect on isoprenaline fluorescence. 3. It is concluded that phentolamine does not inhibit extraneuronal uptake in concentrations used to block alpha adrenoceptors in isolated tissue experiments. Thus, is can be present in experiments designed to examine the effects of extraneuronal uptake inhibitor drugs on beta-adrenoceptor-mediated responses. PMID- 7133155 TI - Effects of the cardiotonic drug ARL-115 on the release of noradrenaline from the cat atrium, the binding of 3H-ouabain to plasma membranes and the movements of calcium in mitochondria. AB - The cardiotonic pyridine derivative ARL-115 increased the spontaneous and electrically-evoked release of 3H-noradrenaline from the cat right atrium superfused with oxygenated Krebs-bicarbonate solution at 37 degrees C. On the contrary, ouabain inhibited the evoked release while it also enhanced the spontaneous release of the transmitter. Vanadate did not affect either spontaneous or evoked release. Tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA) and 4 aminopyridine (4-AP) greatly potentiated 3H-noradrenaline release induced by electrical stimulation; when applied in addition to each agent, ARL-115 failed to further increase the secretory response. 3H-ouabain specific binding to partially purified bovine adrenal medulla plasma membranes was very efficiently antagonized by cold ouabain, but not by vanadate or ARL-115, even at concentrations as high as 10(-3) mol/l. 45Ca uptake into isolated bovine adrenal medulla mitochondria was prevented by dinitrophenol (DNP) but unchanged in the presence of ARL-115. 45Ca release from preloaded mitochondria was, again, markedly increased by DNP, but not affected by ARL-115. The results suggest that ARL-115 enhances the release of noradrenaline from cardiac sympathetic nerves by a TEA- and 4-AP-like action. In this manner, ARL-115 would inactivate the K+ current in the nerve terminals, thereby prolonging the duration of the action potential, allowing the Ca2+ channels to remain open longer and more Ca2+ to enter the terminal. ARL-115 is not acting like digitalis. PMID- 7133154 TI - Peripheral catecholamine release by alpha-latrotoxin in the rat. AB - Intraarterial injection of alpha-latrotoxin (alpha LTx), the major toxin of the black widow spider (Latrodectus mactans tredecimguttatus) venom, into carotid catheterized rats, induced prompt and marked rises in plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations, indicating that the toxin stimulates catecholamine release from both the adrenal medulla and sympathetic nerve terminals. Pretreatment with the ganglionic blocker chlorisondamine greatly reduced the plasma adrenaline response to alpha LTx but had almost no effect on the noradrenaline response, indicating that alpha LTx-stimulation of sympathetic nerve terminals is direct, whereas catecholamine release from the adrenal medulla is probably mediated by preganglionic release of acetylcholine. In vitro, alpha LTx induced a dose-dependent release of 3H-noradrenaline from rat irides preincubated with this radioactive amine and this effect was not changed by chlorisondamine plus atropine. By contrast, the toxin had no effect on 3H noradrenaline release from suspensions of cultured rat chromaffin cells. Specific, high affinity binding of 125I-alpha LTx in iris and adrenal medulla homogenates was found to be exceedingly low, suggesting that it might be restricted to nerve terminals. No 125I-alpha LTx binding was seen nor could any effect of the toxin on 14C-5-hydroxytryptamine release be found in rat blood platelet preparations. alpha LTx binding and its amine releasing effect seem, therefore, to be specific for neurons and absent from other cells, even those, like adrenomedullary cells and blood platelets, which share with neurons their origin and/or other important characteristics. PMID- 7133156 TI - Possible site of the in vivo disposition of sodium nitroprusside in the rat. PMID- 7133158 TI - [Improper treatment of patients with parkinsonism due to drug use]. PMID- 7133159 TI - [Experiences with flexible rectosigmoidoscopy]. PMID- 7133160 TI - [10-year results of "curative" surgery of rectum and colon cancer]. PMID- 7133157 TI - Protective effect of saikosaponin-d isolated from Bupleurum falcatum L. on CCl4 induced liver injury in the rat. AB - The effects of saikosaponin-d extracted from the roots of Bupleurum falcatum L. on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury were studied in rats. Pretreatment with saikosaponin-d produced a remarkable inhibitory action on acute hepatic injury by CCl4. A significant inhibition of lipid peroxidation induced by an acute dose of CCl4 in the liver of rats pre-treated with saikosaponin-d was also noted. Continuous injection of CCl4 caused liver cirrhosis in rats but the severity of cirrhosis was reduced in rats treated simultaneously with CCl4 and saikosaponin-d. PMID- 7133161 TI - [Early recognition of cerebral movement disorders in very young children]. PMID- 7133162 TI - [Cholesterol metabolism in atherosclerosis. II. Cellular cholesterol ester accumulation]. PMID- 7133163 TI - [Euthanasia and (or) assistance in suicide]. PMID- 7133164 TI - [Side effects of nitrofurantoin]. PMID- 7133165 TI - [Fever, jaundice and thrombocytopenia in the last trimester of pregnancy: toxicosis?]. PMID- 7133166 TI - [The subclavian vein as an approach for the electrode in implantation of a pacemaker]. PMID- 7133167 TI - [Teratogenic effect of diethylstilbestrol during pregnancy; the extent of the DES problem in the Netherlands]. PMID- 7133169 TI - [Physiological heart stimulation using a new type of pacemaker]. PMID- 7133168 TI - [Vasovasostomy: results 1975-1981 of reconstructive operations following the sterilization of males]. PMID- 7133170 TI - [An 80-year-old woman with weight loss]. PMID- 7133171 TI - [Vasovasostomy]. PMID- 7133172 TI - [Diagnosis in hypertension: a source of paradoxes and doubt]. PMID- 7133173 TI - [Intestinal parasites in Vietnamese boat people in the Netherlands]. PMID- 7133174 TI - [Lung sequestration]. PMID- 7133176 TI - [The significance of behavior and personality for the development of heart diseases]. PMID- 7133175 TI - [Transient ischemic attacks and the prevention of brain infarcts]. PMID- 7133178 TI - [Recommended amount of vitamin D in food]. PMID- 7133177 TI - [Potentiation of the coumarin effect by amiodarone (Cordarone)]. PMID- 7133179 TI - [Purulent pericarditis]. PMID- 7133180 TI - [De Quervain's disease, a forgotten diagnosis?]. PMID- 7133181 TI - [Maximum values for work load and oxygen consumption in Surinam creoles]. PMID- 7133182 TI - [Aortic valve replacement: 10-year experience]. PMID- 7133183 TI - [Prevalence of hand and forearm dermatoses in a urban population group (Vlaardingen)]. PMID- 7133184 TI - [Results of examination and treatment of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis]. PMID- 7133185 TI - [Liver and bile duct disorders in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease]. PMID- 7133186 TI - [The protruding ear]. PMID- 7133187 TI - [Enuresis somnambulans]. PMID- 7133189 TI - [Behavior therapy]. PMID- 7133188 TI - [Prognostic significance of the analysis of estradiol receptor activity in tumor tissue of patients with primary breast carcinoma]. PMID- 7133190 TI - [Progress in the diagnosis of tubal pregnancy]. PMID- 7133191 TI - [The incidence of smoking before during and after pregnancy]. PMID- 7133192 TI - [The round atelectasis, a pseudotumor of the lung]. PMID- 7133193 TI - [A 13-year-old girl with a focus of endometriosis in the lung]. PMID- 7133195 TI - [Descending thoracic aortic aneurysm]. PMID- 7133194 TI - [Vaccination against hepatitis B; an interim advice from the Public Health Council]. PMID- 7133196 TI - [Replantation and revascularization of more than 100 fingers, hands and legs in the Rotterdam-Dijkzigt]. PMID- 7133197 TI - [Tuberculosis of the larynx in Tanzania]. PMID- 7133198 TI - [Grams of salt and millimeters of mercury]. PMID- 7133199 TI - [Cholesterol and cancer mortality]. PMID- 7133200 TI - [What type of conjunctivitis poses a threat for newborn infants?]. PMID- 7133201 TI - [Pollution of the environment and mass screening]. PMID- 7133202 TI - [Pharmacotherapy of emesis resulting from cytostatic agents]. PMID- 7133203 TI - [Congenital disorders of the chest wall]. PMID- 7133204 TI - [Neurological complications in legionnaires' disease]. PMID- 7133205 TI - [Vaginal aplasia: clinical problems and technical solutions]. PMID- 7133206 TI - [A vaginally delivered dicephalus: an obstetrical, pediatric and anatomical report]. PMID- 7133207 TI - [Explosive diarrhea during treatment with beta blockers]. PMID- 7133208 TI - [Craniocerebral injuries of various types and severity]. PMID- 7133209 TI - [Uvulectomy: a surgical procedure within the traditional medicine of Tanzania]. PMID- 7133210 TI - [Prematurely ruptured membranes]. PMID- 7133211 TI - [Radiation hazards in thyroid scintigraphy of newborn infants]. PMID- 7133213 TI - [The death rattle]. PMID- 7133214 TI - [Surgery of the liver]. PMID- 7133212 TI - [Decreasing nation-wide mortality of acute heart infarct and other ischemic heart diseases]. PMID- 7133215 TI - Current treatment of Reye's syndrome. PMID- 7133216 TI - The diagnosis and treatment of Reye's syndrome. PMID- 7133217 TI - Ethical considerations in treating sexual problems. PMID- 7133219 TI - Radiation treatment of prostate cancer. PMID- 7133218 TI - Growing skull fractures. PMID- 7133220 TI - Pancreatic ascites and pleural effusions. PMID- 7133221 TI - Percutaneous drainage of pyogenic hepatic abscess. PMID- 7133222 TI - Isolation of Legionella pneumophila from a lung specimen. PMID- 7133223 TI - Short stature and language delay in a 5-year-old girl: 18p- syndrome. PMID- 7133224 TI - Neoplastic progression evidenced in the L929 cell system. I. Selection of tumorigenic and metastasizing cell variants. AB - Starting with a L929 cell strain of low tumorigenicity, and through in vivo and combined in vivo--in vitro manipulation, we have isolated a number of related culture cell lines with different tumorigenicity and metastasis ability in C3HA/H mice. Within our system, tumorigenicity can be greatly enhanced without the simultaneous development of metastasis ability, the latter arising only after long-term in vivo serial transplantation. Metastatic variants express better the ability to undergo to cascade of metastasis than the primary tumor. The selection of metastatic variants from a tumor, using its subcutaneous inoculation, renders cell lines with different behavior. Finally, viable cells are recovered from lungs of animals inoculated with metastatic variants that would not be expected to show true metastatic foci; the results are commented in relation to the phenomenon of metastasis dormancy. Our experiments are discussed under the scope of the hypothesis of neoplastic progression as a multistep process. PMID- 7133225 TI - Neoplastic progression evidenced in the L929 cell system. II. In vitro growth properties and biochemical characteristics of cell variants with different malignant behavior. AB - Using a culture cell system, derived from a low-tumorigenic strain of L929 mouse fibroblasts, including cell variants with different malignant behavior in vivo, we have tried to dissociate a group of biological and biochemical transformation associated properties with respect to the process of neoplastic progression. It is shown that morphologic changes, nonalignment in vitro, and growth in soft-agar are not sufficient alterations for in vivo malignant behavior and, also, not useful indicators for further neoplastic progression. The rate of hexose uptake should also be considered as unrelated to this process. The increase in tumorigenicity, but without the concomitant development of metastasis ability of the cells, was associated with the decrease of a 160k cell surface protein and the diminution of the tumor dose 50%. Finally, further alteration in morphology and the appearance of a 177k cell surface protein were associated with the development of metastasis ability, in an early stage; loss of fibronectin and the ability to grow as macrocolonies in increasing concentrations of deoxyglucose appeared as associated to more advanced stages of neoplastic progression. On the whole, the approach of taking the in vivo behavior, and not the in vitro properties, as end-point for the study of transformation is recommended on the basis of this and a previous paper. PMID- 7133226 TI - Use of tissue culture in predictive testing of drug sensitivity in human ovarian cancer. Correlation between in vitro results and the response in vivo. AB - The present work uses an in vitro test model to measure the sensitivity of human ovarian cancer cells to Melphalan and Melphalan combined with Adriamycin. With this model we studied the possible correlation between the in vitro results and the response to these cytostatic drugs in vivo. Cancer cells from 20 patients with advanced ovarian cancer were tested. The in vitro effects of the drugs were measured as differences in incorporation of labeled 3H-thymidine in drug containing tubes and in control tubes. The effects of the drugs on the different cancer cells varied greatly from strong sensitivity to resistance. In vitro and in vivo results were compared one year after start of patient treatment. The overall agreement was 16/20, 80%. The in vitro method thus estimates a tumor cell characteristic which has a biological meaning also in in vivo conditions. PMID- 7133227 TI - In vivo suppression of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma by human antibody-dependent leukocytes. PMID- 7133228 TI - Ceruloplasmin in Hodgkin's disease. AB - In 56 patients with Hodgkin's disease different clinical and histological stages the activity of polyphenoloxidase was repeatedly examined in the course of the disease as an indicator of serum ceruloplasmin concentration. In untreated patients the ceruloplasmin concentration was on average twice as high as in healthy controls. Repeated examinations made in the course of the disease demonstrated a good correlation of the values with the clinical condition of the patient, with the exception of some terminal stages and conditions following repeated chemotherapy, when liver damage was expected. The decrease to control levels in the course of therapy indicated the onset of remission. In contrast, increased levels indicated progression of the disease and necessity of treatment prolongation. Excluding intercurrent infections, higher ceruloplasmin levels above those found at remission were a clear sign of the progression. The correlation of ceruloplasmin values and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (1 h) was highly significant. The diagnostic and prognostic value of ceruloplasmin and/or serum copper determination is discussed. PMID- 7133229 TI - Non-invasive methods for detection of cardiomyopathy in the course of antineoplastic treatment. AB - In our group of patients suffering from cancer and treated by polychemotherapy and monitored in a complex non-invasive way we obtained data as follows: A normal physical, sensoric and biochemical cardiac finding prior to treatment has been observed in 47 patients out of 68 (69.1%). A pathological cardiac finding prior to treatment has been found in 18 patients out of 68 (26.5%). Pathological changes evidencing for cardiomyopathy (CMP) induced by chemotherapy have been detected in 19 patients out of 68 (27.6%). Out of 18 patients with a pathological report prior to treatment in 8 of them the polycardiographic, echocardiographic, and biochemical alterations deteriorated during the chemotherapy. CMP induced by polychemotherapy has been found altogether in 27 patients out of 68 (39.6%). In this group of patients with clinically and biochemically detected CMP due to antineoplastic treatment, we found a significant decrease of ejection fraction (EF) (values less than 50%) and a marked increase Weisler's index (WI) (values greater than 0.520) approximately in 30% of patients. Our preliminary results show that polycardiographic examinations of systolic time interval (STI), the EF detected echocardiographically, as well as determination of myocardial isoenzyme creatine phosphokinase (CK-MB) activity represent useful non-invasive methods of early detection of any myocardial damage in the course of actinochemotherapy. A systematic monitoring of patients reduces the uncertainty with antitumor chemotherapy so that it enables--in a majority of cases--to bring the planned antineoplastic treatment to a successful end. PMID- 7133230 TI - Prediction of cancer incidence in Cracow and Bratislava. AB - Projections for the incidence of all and selected major sites of cancer in the cities of Cracow and Bratislava were constructed for each year of the period 1978 1982 on the basis of data observed in the years 1968-1977. More or less increasing of unchanging trends were predicted for the malignant neoplasms of bladder, larynx and lung in males and of breast and ovaries together with decreasing trends of uterine cervix in females in the both cities. The trends predicted for the cancer of stomach in both sexes, of prostate and uterine corpus as well as of all sites in males showed different orientations in the compared cities. The factors connected with and usefulness of the adequate predictions of cancer incidence are discussed. PMID- 7133231 TI - Potentiating effects of laser radiation on some immunological traits. AB - In vitro laser irradiation of peripheral blood lymphocytes increased the activity of T and B lymphocytes, determined by active rosette-forming cells and by immunofluorescence. Time and dose-dependent of irradiation was studied. The increase of lymphocyte activity was found, both in normal controls and in cancer patients. PMID- 7133232 TI - Radiosensitizing ability and cytotoxicity of some 5(4)-substituted 2-methyl-4(5) nitroimidazoles. AB - Radiosensitizing efficiency and cytotoxicity of three 2-methyl-4(5) nitroimidazoles substituted with electron-withdrawal groups -NO2, -Cl and -OCH3 in 5(4)-position ("ortho" position) have been evaluated in vitro on V 79-379 A cells under aerobic as well as under hypoxic conditions. It has been established that 2-h incubation of cells at 37 degrees C in the presence of increasing (up to 2 mM) concentration of the compounds causes a moderate cytotoxicity for P7(2 methyl-5(4)-chloro-4(5)-nitroimidazole) and P5(2-methyl-4,5-dinitroimidazole). Cytotoxicities of these compounds are much stronger under hypoxic than under aerobic conditions. The compound P9(2-methyl-5(4)-methoxy-4(5)-nitroimidazole) is practically completely nontoxic. The radiosensitizing efficiency of P5, P7, and P9 at 2 mM concentration expressed by ER (enhancement ratio) equals 1.75, 1.57 and 1.14 respectively. A discussion regarding the features of electron-affinity, cytotoxicity and radiosensitizing ability of the compounds studied is presented. PMID- 7133233 TI - Chromosome aberration persisting in cells of continuously irradiated mice. AB - Cytogenetical analysis of the bone marrow cells in mice irradiated continuously with the dose rate 0.478 Gy/day made within the course of various accumulated doses demonstrated the decrease in the number of chromosome aberrations till the post irradiation day 3 in all groups reaching about 75% on average. At further examination periods on day 10 and 30 the decrease in the aberrations appeared to be slower and was dependent on the magnitude of the accumulated dose. Increased number of the aberrant cells as compared with the controls was noted in the groups with the accumulated dose higher than 10 Gy and on the hundred postirradiation day, as well. PMID- 7133234 TI - Metastasis of a cultured human bladder carcinoma cell line transplanted into nude athymic mice. AB - Earlier reports concerning metastasis from human tumors transplanted to nude mice indicate that the metastatic potential is correlated with invasive subcutaneous growth. It also seems that cultured cell lines are more prone to metastasis than heterotransplanted solid tumors. A malignant human uroepithelial tumor, grown in culture since 1970, was injected subcutaneously to six nude mice. All animals developed locally invasive tumor nodules. Postmortem examination revealed metastatic growth in the pancreas, in the mesenteric fat tissue, in the stomach wall and intestines and in the lymphatic vessels of mesentery. The findings are well in accordance with earlier reports. PMID- 7133235 TI - Cytogenetical changes and their relation to survival of bone marrow hemopoietic cells during continuous irradiation. AB - In this paper the frequency of aberrant cells in the bone marrow of continuously irradiated mice with the dose rates 0.05 Gy/day and 0.50 Gy/day was studied. The aberrant cell values were found to be increased non-proportionally with the accumulated doses and their level was influenced mainly by the irradiation period in the dose range 0.5-5 Gy. The most significant reduction in the lymphocyte number and to some extent the granuloid cells number in the bone marrow occurred in the dose rate 0.50 Gy/day. The frequency of aberrant cells in the bone marrow increased at the same time to 15-20%. Possible mechanisms influencing the different response of cells to irradiation are discussed. PMID- 7133236 TI - Clinical factors related to the presence of estrogen receptors in breast cancer: a prognostic stratification analysis. AB - The techniques used for determination of hormone receptors have provided a biochemical basis to the concept of hormone-dependence in breast cancer. By medical experience clinical factors were established for determination of hormonal treatment in breast tumors. The criteria used need now to be re evaluated in terms of hormone receptor contents. We analysed a group of 155 patients with histologically confirmed breast carcinoma in which estradiol receptor determination was performed. Of these tumors 54% had more than 10 fmol of estradiol per mg protein. Menopause, advanced age, late first childbirth, obesity, early menopause and nuliparity were associated, in that order, with the presence of estrogen receptors in breast tumors. Prognostic stratification analysis brought out polar groups of estrogen receptor contents. Young, premenopausal women with children had only 16% estrogen receptor-positive tumors. Postmenopausal women, either without children or with late first childbirth had as much as 81% of estrogen receptor containing tumors. Clinical variables related to the presence of estrogen receptor positive tumors in the breast cancer population were coincident to risk factors for breast cancer in the healthy population. Possible implications of this coincidences are discussed. PMID- 7133237 TI - CEA levels in active and non-active malignant tumors. AB - A total of 895 CEA estimations were carried out on serum samples from 283 patients with different primary tumor sites. All assays were performed during the period of follow up or treatment of the patients. Concomitantly with CEA estimation, activity of disease was recorded, based on objective laboratory and clinical parameters. The results obtained proved a high accuracy rate for normal CEA values in non-active disease as well as elevated CEA values in active disease. It is concluded that the correlation between CEA level and activity of disease in various neoplasms in an important aid in clinical decision making during the course of disease, provided false positive or negative results are taken into consideration. PMID- 7133238 TI - Interrelation between lipidemia and somatomedin activity in cancer and age associated pathology. AB - The study included 191 patients with obesity, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, endometrial cancer, breast cancer and healthy subjects of various age. Somatomedin activity was determined by incorporation of radioactive natrium sulfate in vitro into the cartilage of female rats. The results of the study showed that somatomedin activity was not changed in subjects with normal metabolic parameters and ranged from 0.47 to 0.69 U/ml. In patients with diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis and obesity accompanied by increased blood concentration of cholesterol and triglycerides, somatomedin activity rose up to 1.36- 1.62 U/ml. In patients with breast and endometrial cancer somatomedin activity was also increased, particularly in those with hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia (3.04 U/ml for breast cancer patients and 2.20 U/ml for endometrial cancer patients). Theoretically, this may promote proliferation of somatic cells and thus contribute to tumor processes in oncological patients whose pool of cells is extremely sensitive to mitogenic agents. PMID- 7133239 TI - Maturation index values and estradiol blood levels in uterine cervical cancer. AB - Maturation index (M.I.) values and blood estradiol-17-beta levels were estimated in a series of menopausal uterine cervical cancer patients and non cancer healthy menopausal women. Blood estradiol-17-beta levels did not exhibit differences in between the studied groups of cases. Three groups of uterine cervix cancer patients (before treatment, 6 weeks after radiation and 2 and more years after treatment) are all characterized by different M.I. values representing entirely different type of menopausal cytology. Atrophic type before treatment; "mixed" type 6 weeks after radiation and proliferative-estrogen type in 2 and more years after treatment. Very high karyopyknotic index values (KPI) in the group before treatment and very low values in the late after treatment group seem to support some scepticism in regard to strict specificity of M.I. and KPI as for expressing estrogen activity only. PMID- 7133240 TI - Prognostic significance of reactive changes in regional lymph nodes in gastric and mammary carcinomas. AB - Regional lymph nodes in 80 cases of gastric and 70 cases of breast cancer have been examined and the reactive types have been correlated to the survival periods of the patients. In both groups of patients, a prognostically favorable sign was the detection of lymphocytic predominance combined with sinus histiocytosis, moreover, in patients with gastric cancer also the reactive type of predominance of germinal centers with sinus histiocytosis. Prognostically unfavorable sign was the detection of lymphocytic depletion, in particular if sinus histiocytosis was absent. The presence of metastases in the lymph nodes--apart from the reactive type--cannot be regarded as a sign of bad prognosis. PMID- 7133241 TI - Hairy-cell leukemia and toxoplasmosis. AB - Investigation for Toxoplasma gondii infection using complement fixation test and microprecipitation method in agar gel was performed in fifteen patients with clinically and morphologically typical hairy-cell leukemia. Positive complement fixation test was found in four patients. In three patients an initially high complement fixation titer or its considerable increase associated with positive microprecipitation in agar gel suggested a recent toxoplasmosis. The importance of search for Toxoplasma gondii infection in hairy-cell leukemia patients especially before splenectomy and the necessity of reinvestigation after splenectomy is stressed. PMID- 7133242 TI - Modified megathrombocyte index in the diagnosis of thrombopoiesis injury produced by cancer chemotherapy. AB - The border-line separating the normal platelet from the megathrombocyte was lowered from 2.5 microns, classically used, to 2 microns. This modification allowed more precise definition of normal frequency of megathrombocytes among platelets (megathrombocyte index--MI) which was 10-35%. The modified MI determination demonstrated the same kinetics of changes following the intensive cancer chemotherapy as the classical one and, moreover, enabled individual diagnosis of thrombopoiesis perturbation induced by chemotherapy which was not possible with the classical MI. PMID- 7133243 TI - [Central nervous system and neuromuscular diseases with abnormal mitochondria. Analysis and critical evaluation of the so-called "mitochondrial encephalomyopathies"]. PMID- 7133244 TI - [Pain and depressive mood in the long term prognosis of lumbar disk prolapse]. PMID- 7133245 TI - [Subacute myelo-optical neuropathy (SMON) in thallium poisoning]. PMID- 7133246 TI - [The significance of changed monoamine oxidases in patients with psychiatric diseases]. PMID- 7133248 TI - [Case report on neurologic concomitant symptoms in angioneurotic edema]. PMID- 7133247 TI - [The mechanisms of the distribution of lithium between erythrocytes and plasma]. PMID- 7133249 TI - [Psychopathometric methods: I. General part]. PMID- 7133250 TI - [Essential fields of psychoanalytic treatment]. PMID- 7133251 TI - [The melancholic patient and the other person. Toward the mutual understanding with the melancholic patient]. PMID- 7133252 TI - [Borderline syndrome, neuroses and personality disorders. A comparative study based on research-oriented criteria for borderline schizophrenia]. PMID- 7133253 TI - [Patients in neurologic practice]. PMID- 7133255 TI - [The pleasure of lust murder]. PMID- 7133254 TI - [The knowledge level concerning youth cults, of established neurologists and psychiatric clinics. Results of a survey]. PMID- 7133256 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of lesions of the brachial plexus. Apropos of 100 cases]. PMID- 7133257 TI - [Exploratory cervical hemilaminectomy and early neurotization of the brachial plexus]. PMID- 7133258 TI - [Neurotization with the spinal nerve (nervus accessorius) in avulsions of roots of the brachial plexus]. PMID- 7133260 TI - [Neurolysis of the ulnar nerve at the elbow. Apropos of 20 cases]. PMID- 7133259 TI - [Ulnar nerve tunnel syndrome at the elbow (49 cases). Valve and dangers of microsurgical neurolysis]. PMID- 7133262 TI - [Multiple tunnel syndromes]. PMID- 7133261 TI - [Intraneural synovial cysts of the common peroneal nerve]. PMID- 7133263 TI - [Tumors of the brachial plexus. Apropos of 10 cases]. PMID- 7133264 TI - [Surgery of peripheral nerves in leprosy patients]. PMID- 7133265 TI - [Fascicular structure of peripheral nerves: upper limb]. PMID- 7133266 TI - [Axonal ramification in regeneration of peripheral nerve fibers]. PMID- 7133267 TI - [Value of electromyography in lesions of the peripheral nerves]. PMID- 7133268 TI - [Experimental fascicular nerve autografts. Comparison between predegenerated and fresh grafts]. PMID- 7133269 TI - [Treatment of painful neuroma by a nerve anastomosis, "neuronal trap" loop]. PMID- 7133270 TI - [Analytic results of sutures and grafts. Data from the literature]. PMID- 7133271 TI - [Transthoracic approach to dorsal disc hernias]. AB - Three cases of thoracic disc protrusions, treated by the transthoracic surgical approach, are reported. The signs and symptoms of the patients were not essentially different from findings encountered in other types of space-occupying thoracic intra-spinal lesions. The diagnosis by high resolution computed axial tomography provides more information and may eliminate future use of myelography. In their median localisation, the thoracic disc protrusions are equally accessible by either a right or a left transthoracic approach. Yet, the right lateral approach was preferred because of the overlapping aorta on the left. If, for some reason, a left lateral approach is considered, the level of entry of Adamkiewicz artery should be identified by preoperative spinal angiography. The postoperative results are excellent in all three cases as opposed to a fourth operated by laminectomy. PMID- 7133272 TI - [103 cases of juxtarolandic meningioma]. PMID- 7133273 TI - [Incidence of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone in patients with severe head injuries]. AB - Eight patients with severe craniocerebral trauma were studied prospectively to assess the effects of the injury on sodium and water balance. Hyponatremic hypo osmolar states occurred in 5 of the 8 patients. The cause was an inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (I.S.A.D.H.). We found an early I.S.A.D.H. (appearing within 2-3 days post trauma) whose presence was related to the craniocerebral injury (2 cases). We also found a late I.S.A.D.H. which may represent a response to positive-pressure ventilation, semi-recumbent position and centrally acting drugs. This tardive I.S.A.D.H. appeared 9-10 days after admission (3 cases). Radioimmunoassay for circulating and ventricular C.S.F. neurophysins shows an early and transitory increase of hNpI (the carrier of A.D.H.). hNpI was detectable during the hyponatremic hypo-osmolar states, thus demonstrating an inappropriate secretion of A.D.H. PMID- 7133274 TI - [Venous graft bypass between the subclavian artery and a cortical artery, prior to carotid ligation for giant cervical carotid aneurysm]. AB - Three cases of giant aneurysm of the cervical internal carotid artery are reported. In 2 cases the aneurysm was on the left side, with a symptomatology of repeated TI A's. In 1 case the aneurysm was on the right side, with a pharyngeal symptomatology. All 3 cases were an indication of cervical internal carotid artery ligation. Prior to the carotid ligation it was thought preferable to perform an extra-intracranial arterial By-pass. The superficial temporal artery not being available, a long By-pass was performed, between the subclavian artery and a cortical artery, by means of a saphenous vein graft. In 2 cases the By-pass was angiographically patent, 11 months and 1 year postoperatively. In one case, the postoperative angiogram (3 weeks) failed to show the By-pass. The advantages and disadvantages of the procedure are discussed. PMID- 7133275 TI - [Sequential scintiscans. An easy method for testing C.S.F. shunts]. AB - Different procedures have been since 1965 by the authors to test with isotopes the patency of shunts for hydrocephalus. The authors now measure the time 99m Technetium takes to appear in the thyroid gland after injection in the flushing device. This method shows easily and very quickly, with no computing, the dynamics of C.S.F. shunts. No hospitalisation is necessary and it is often possible to determine the cause of the disturbance in the shunt. PMID- 7133276 TI - Somatomedins in aging and dementia disorders of the Alzheimer type. AB - Serum levels of somatomedins were determined in apparently healthy aged individuals and dementia patients primarily with clinically suspected Alzheimer type disorder. Serum somatomedin values, determined by radioreceptorassay and radioimmunoassay, fell with advancing age in normal subjects. A significant elevation in serum somatomedins was observed in dementia patients. CSF somatomedin levels were also increased in the only two patients with suspected Alzheimer type disease examined. Since somatomedins are believed to act as anabolic hormones, it was suggested that the elevated levels represent a compensatory mechanism to overcome receptor insensitivity in patients with dementia disorders of the Alzheimer type. PMID- 7133277 TI - Reduction of odor and nasal pungency associated with aging. AB - Aging can seriously blunt suprathreshold sensations mediated by the olfactory receptor system and by common chemical receptors. Despite large individual differences, on the average any given stimulus seemed only about half as intense to the elderly (20 subjects, 65-83 yrs) as to the young (20 subjects, 18-25 yrs). The nature of the loss was a constant percentage reduction of perceived magnitude at stimulus levels from weak to strong. The stimuli were iso-amyl butyrate (a nonirritating fruity odor) and CO2 (which is practically odorless but triggers common chemical sensations effectively). The method used was magnitude matching, by which subjects made numerical estimates of the perceived magnitude of various levels of the two chemical stimuli and of the loudness of low-pitched noises. The loudness estimates served to adjust each subject's chemical estimates to help compensate for individual idiosyncrasies in the use of numbers and potential biases associated with age. Common chemical and olfactory losses seem to be unrelated; aging can dull one sense and leave the other acute. PMID- 7133278 TI - A rationale for studying the transmissibility of Alzheimer's disease. AB - Despite extensive chemical, epidemiological, histopathological and pharmacological investigations of Alzheimer's disease (AD), its etiology remains elusive. This article describes studies supporting a rationale for exploring a transmissible slow viral etiology of at least some forms of AD. To date, a major limitation in these studies has been reliance upon induction of AD histopathology as the outcome measure of successful transmission. Future studies should consider novel outcome measures for the detection of successful, although histopathologically inapparent, transmissible infection. In addition, the need to inoculate a diverse variety of rationally selected, potential hosts is stressed. PMID- 7133280 TI - [Key problems of epilepsy during the developmental ages]. PMID- 7133279 TI - Philothermal response of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in dementia of the Alzheimer type. AB - The philothermal response, i.e., the tendency of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) to migrate along a temperature gradient toward warmer temperatures, was evaluated in 11 patients with a clinical diagnosis of dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) and compared to 11 age and sex-matched mentally normal individuals. While the total number of migrating PMNs did not differ significantly between these two groups, there was a significant difference in the spatial distribution of the responding cell population. The numerical parameter, R, has been introduced to provide a quantitative measure of the distribution of populations characterized by differences in motile behavior. This R value was unusually high for 10 of the DAT patients but only one of the comparison individuals. No relation between R and duration of illness, age, or sex was detected. These preliminary findings, based on a small number of clinically diagnosed DAT patients, suggest that the philothermal response may represent a biological marker with diagnostic usefulness for at least one subgroup of DAT patients. PMID- 7133281 TI - [Migraine associated with hypoglossal nerve paralysis?]. PMID- 7133282 TI - [Familial occurrence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with a peculiar clinical picture]. PMID- 7133283 TI - [Heterolateral vascular bruit in a case of extensive angioma of the right occipital lobe]. PMID- 7133284 TI - [Teratoma adultum coexisting with congenital deformity of the spine and spinal cord]. PMID- 7133285 TI - [Psychological mechanisms of social behavior patterns in epileptic boys]. PMID- 7133287 TI - [Results of computer tomography of the head in children with epilepsy]. PMID- 7133286 TI - [Diphenylhydantoin treatment of epileptics with radioimmunological monitoring of the drug levels]. PMID- 7133288 TI - [Evaluation of the auditory apparatus psychophysical and objective methods in patients after temporal lobectomy]. PMID- 7133289 TI - [Catamnestic EEG studies in children after parainfectious viral meningoencephalitis]. PMID- 7133290 TI - [Diagnostic value of the creatine coefficient in progressive muscular dystrophy, duchenne type]. PMID- 7133291 TI - [Protracted manganese-induced encephalopathy. Preliminary results of treatment with Sinemet preparation]. PMID- 7133292 TI - [Spirographic studies of patients with hemiplegia during neurological rehabilitation]. PMID- 7133293 TI - [Histography of intracranial pressure. Practical clinical application]. PMID- 7133294 TI - [Clinico-theoretical aspects of cerebrospinal fluid pressure changes in patients treated for hydrocephalus]. PMID- 7133295 TI - [Radiotherapy of central nervous system neoplasms. Indications for irradiation and technics]. PMID- 7133296 TI - [A giant chondromyxoid fibroma originated from the right orbital roof.--A case report--]. AB - The authors reported a case of giant chondromyxoid fibroma of the right anterior cranial fossa, arising from the right orbital lamina of frontal bone. A fifteen year-old boy was admitted because of a recent history of the right exophthalmus and headache. Neurological examination was essentially negative except papilledema in the both optic fundi and the right olfactory disturbance. Skull plain x-ray films showed the bony destruction of the right supraorbital bone and the some of abnormal calcification in the right anterior cranial fossa. CT scan showed cystic low density spots surrounded by irregular ring-like high density areas in the right anterior cranial fossa. Operation was performed on two stages and the tumor was removed totally. The tumor was arising from the orbital lamina of the frontal bone. The size of resected tumor was 7x5x4 cm. The pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of chondromyxoid fibroma. Postoperatively, the patient is fully schooling without any disturbance 2 years and 7 months after the discharge. In Japan, two cases of intracranial chondromyxoid fibroma have been reported in literature. The authors discussed the histology of chondromyxoid fibroma and the genesis of the membraneous bone origin of the intracranial chondromatous tumor. PMID- 7133297 TI - [An interesting case of the traumatic middle meningeal arteriovenous fistula]. AB - The authors reported an interesting case of the traumatic middle meningeal arteriovenous fistula which was caused by the minor head injury on the opposite side complicated with a subarachnoid hematoma, and was completely cured 35 days after head injury without any surgical intervention. A 75-year-old woman fell down after unconsciousness fit and hit her right head, then visited Matsuyama Shimin Hospital complaining of nausea, vomiting and severe left temporalgia. Neurologically, no other abnormalities were found. On plain skull roentogenograms, a linear fracture was noted on the right temporal bone, but not on the left side. A subarachnoid hematoma localized in the left Sylvian fissure was identified on plain computed tomograms. Left carotid angiograms revealed the middle meningeal arteriovenous fistula at the left middle fossa, which showed an characteristic drainages, i.e. mainly draining to the pterygoid venous plexus and the superior sagittal sinus, partially to the cavernous sinus. She was admitted to our ward and was treated only conservatively. Thirty-five days after head injury, her complaints improved remarkably and left carotid angiograms, performed on the next day, disclosed complete disappearance of the previous fistula, and suggested the point of fistula clearly. Documenting the computed tomogram and the angiograms of our case, possible mechanism of fistula formation and its spontaneous cure was discussed. The middle meningeal arteriovenous fistula was formed by the interaction between the direct or indirect influence of head injury and anatomical, histological and pathological factors of meningeal vessels themselves. Spontaneous cure of the fistula resulted from thrombosis at the point of fistula. In our case, irregularity of the wall of anterior middle meningeal artery on the repeated angiograms supported this view. PMID- 7133298 TI - [A rare case of HGH producing adenoma in direct contact with an IC medial type aneurysm]. AB - A rare case of HGH producing pituitary adenoma which was in direct contact with right IC medial type aneurysm was reported. A 60-year-old woman was admitted to our clinic in February, 1981, for the acromegalic features, who was treated by 5 mg/day of CB-154 since 1976 under the diagnosis of HGH secreting adenoma. The diagnosis of bitemporal hemianopsia was made in 1977, but it was disappeared at the time of admission to our clinic. A coronal section of computed tomography demonstrated a high contrasted tumor shadow in the sella turcica without definite suprasellar extension. A right carotid angiography showed the right IC-medial type aneurysm between the right posterior communicating artery and ophthalmic artery. In March, 2-81, direct neck clipping of the aneurysm and subcapsular removal of the adenoma were performed by the right frontal approach. From the operative findings it was concluded that the aneurysm was partially embedded in the adenoma tissue. Post operative course was uneventful except for the fact that the basal HGH level could not be normalized without CB-154 therapy. Many cases of association of cerebral aneurysm with pituitary adenoma were reported in the literature. However, direct contact between the tumor and the aneurysm could not be detected. This case seems the first report of the direct association of cerebral aneurysm with pituitary adenoma. Etiology for the unique combination of adenoma and aneurysm was discussed. It has been well known that the prolonged high level of serum growth hormone in acromegaly produces arteriosclerotic and degenerative changes in the arterial wall. It was speculated that the formation of the aneurysm in our case particular was due to the combination effects of the following events. That is, the direct mechanical pressure of pituitary adenoma to the right IC arterial wall, the arteriosclerotic or degenerative change of the arterial wall due to the prolonged exposure to the high level of HGH, and finally traction effect of the adenoma to the arterial wall because of the reduction of the size of the adenoma due to CB-154 therapy, all above mentioned influences were considered to contribute to the aneurysm formation. Finally, the preoperative bilateral carotid angiography is not unnecessary to the operative planning of the pituitary adenoma, especially when the adenoma was HGH producing one. PMID- 7133299 TI - [Incidental meningioma]. AB - Intracranial tumors are accidentally discovered during operations for neurosurgical diseases, such as head trauma or cerebral aneurysm. Furthermore, in the autopsy specimen, intracranial tumors which had not been recognized before the patient's life are sometimes found incidentally. Those tumors are; meningioma, glioma, pituitary adenoma, and so forth. Among these instances, meningioma seems to be the most frequent. In this paper, the authors discussed five cases of asymptomatic meningiomas found unexpectedly, referred as "Incidental Meningioma." Incidental meningioma listed up here are five out of 38 clinical cases with intracranial meningioma which authors experienced during recent twelve years in our hospital. In 480 autopsy cases in our hospital in the same period, there was only one case with which incidental intracranial tumor was detected. This incidental tumor was index-finger tip sized parasagittal meningioma. This was not included in this series. These 5 clinical cases were composed of all women ranging in age from 48 to 72 years. Three of them were discovered during aneurysm surgery, the other one was found during the evacuation of acute subdural hematoma. The remaining one case (Case 5) was demonstrated intracranial meningioma unexpectedly by CT scanning. The size of those tumors were ranged from 7 to 20 mm in diameter except Case 5. In Case 5, tumor size was about 30x40 mm in diameter. The localization of those tumors were; three convexity, one pterion, and one falx meningiomas. Positive findings referable to those tumors at ancillary neuroradiological examinations, were shown only in one case (Case 2) with the exception of Case 5 retrospectively. That was abnormal calcified shadow in frontal bone at the right side in Case 2. The histological nature of them was various, but psammomatous type belonging to transitional meningioma was worthy to note, because such a type was relatively rare in our total cases. Incidental tumors seemed to be relatively rare in cases with cerebral aneurysm. In our series comprising 747 operated cases for cerebral aneurysm, there were 5 cases with incidental tumor (0.67%). Three of these 5 cases were incidental meningioma which were listed up in the paper. In all cases with incidental meningioma, except for Case 5, there were no definite feeding arteries, and they could be easily extirpated, with uneventful recovery. PMID- 7133300 TI - [A case of nodular calcification of the ligamentum flavum with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the cervical spine]. AB - A 72-year-old male noted weakness in the right lower extremity in August 1979, and clumsiness of the finger movement in the right hand in April 1980. In June 1980, he became tetraplegic and was unable to stand or walk. He also developed hypesthesia in the four extremities and difficulty in voiding. On admission to this hospital (July 12, 1980), neurological examination showed spastic tetraparesis, more pronounced on the right side. Deep tendon reflexes were markedly increased in the four extremities. Chaddock reflex in the right lower extremity and Tromner reflex in the both upper extremities were elicited. Hypesthesia below the level of C4 was present with anesthesia in the Th9-11 region. Plain film and tomogram of the cervical spine showed ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament from C3 to C6 and a lobulated nodular calcification in the posterior part of the spinal canal at the level of C4,5 intervertebral space. CT scan revealed nodular calcifications in the ligamentum flavum not only at the level of C4 but also at the level of C6. Laminectomy from C3 to C6 was performed on August 21. The ligamentum flavum with nodular calcifications was removed. His postoperative course was uneventful. Seven weeks postoperatively the patient was able to walk without assistance and had no difficulty in voiding. He was discharged on October 14 with excellent activities of daily life. The content of the nodular calcification was identified as a kind of calcium phosphate by the physico-chemical analysis. Ossification and/or calcification of the ligamentum flavum in the cervical spine is rare, while ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament is frequently encountered in the cervical spine. Only two cases with nodular calcification of ligamentum flavum in the cervical spine have been reported. To our knowledge, this is the first case of the nodular calcification of the ligamentum flavum in the cervical spine associated with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. Two dimensional analysis by CT scan was very useful in locating the lesion and deciding the operative procedure. PMID- 7133301 TI - [Stenosis of the intracranial internal carotid artery by a craniopharyngioma: report of a case]. AB - Stenosis of the intracranial internal carotid artery by other tumors than meningiomas and pituitary adenomas is a rare occurrence. We present here a case with craniopharyngioma, which developed severe stenosis of the intracranial internal carotid artery 7 years following partial removal and irradiation. This severe stenosis of the intracranial internal carotid artery would result from combination of compression of the arterial walls against the surrounding bony structures and radiation effect on the arterial walls. A 29-year-old male was found to have a craniopharyngioma, which was treated by partial removal in 1971. He had suffered bilateral optic atrophy, right homonymous hemianopsia and panhypopituitarism. Angiography revealed elevation of the A-1 and opening of the carotid siphon on both sides. He had a course of 5,000 rads of Lineac irradiation in 1972. He showed no clinical improvement. He became totally blind in 1976. He was admitted again in 1979, because of left sided weakness and Korsakoff syndrome. Examination disclosed that there were bilateral optic atrophy, left hemiplegia with hyperreflexia and pathological reflexes, hypesthesia in the left side of the face and Korsakoff syndrome, chiefly consisting of confabulation. Angiography showed that the right internal carotid artery was markedly elevated and stenosed. The left internal carotid artery was elevated and the left A-1 was stenotic. The territory of the left distal anterior cerebral artery was filled from the anterior falx artery of the ophthalmic artery. The right A-1, M-1 and M 2 were filled through the left A-1. The territory of the right anterior cerebral artery was filled through the right posterior pericallosal artery and that of the right middle cerebral artery was partly filled through the posterior temporal and occipito-parietal arteries of the posterior cerebral artery. A right superficial temporal-middle cerebral artery bypass surgery was performed with some clinical improvement. PMID- 7133302 TI - [Operation for infratentorial arteriovenous malformations]. AB - Concerning infratentorial AVMs in three representative localizations, their surgical approaches, technical standards and technical difficulties were described and discussed. At the beginning, our opinion emphasized that feeding arteries should be divided into parent feeders and proper feeders. Parent arteries are anatomically normal ones even if dilated by the presence of peripheral shunt. Proper feeders, however, supply only AVMs without perfusing any normal brain tissue. Draining veins were also divided into two, parent drainers and proper drainers. Vascular connections should be separated at proper feeders and proper drainers in case of surgical removal of AVM. Three characteristics were summarized as follows: 1) Tonsillar AVM does not offer any problem to its surgical approach. Technical standard for removal of AVM is described here. Principal parent feeder in this lesion is PICA and parent drainer is inferior vermain vein. 2) AVM in the cerebellopontine angle has three major problems in surgery. i) Main feeder is AICA. Differentiation between parent feeder and proper feeder is sometimes difficult because of its long and complicated course. ii) A part of AVM often clings to the cranial nerves (VII, VIII). iii) A part of AVM occasionally intrudes into the side wall of the pons. The latter two problems could be solved by leaving a part of AVM after isolation from blood flow. 3) AVM is the upper vermis offers a lot of debates. Its surgery is the most controversial one. Three surgical approaches are proposed and discussed. i) Subtemporal transtentorial approach. ii)Suboccipital transtentorial approach. iii) Infratentorial supracerebellar approach. PMID- 7133303 TI - [Correlation of vasospasm with operative results in ruptured aneurysms]. AB - The present study is a retrospective clinicoradiological correlative investigation of subarachnoid hemorrhage associated with ruptured aneurysms. There were 360 patients in whom the source of subarachnoid hemorrhage was shown by angiography to be a ruptured aneurysm, and 302 of them underwent surgery. Arterial vasospasm was demonstrated in 113 of 360 patients (31%). When the time relationship between the subarachnoid hemorrhage and vasospasm was considered, vasospasms were revealed in 35 patients (31%) to ten days after a hemorrhage. In these cases with preoperative vasospasm, 17 patients were operated within 14 days and 43 patients later than two weeks. On the examination, their clinical state was graded according to Hunt and Hess. The surgical results were also grade in five groups (excellent, good, fair, poor and died) according to the functional results at discharge from the hospital. Of 35 patients of grade I and II at operation, 23 patients (66%) were of excellent or good results. However, of 14 patients of grade IV and V at operation, only on patient took good result. Of 12 patient in whom severe vasospasm was demonstrated and surgery was delayed more than two weeks, 8 patients (66%) had good result. Postoperative vasospasm was recognized in 2 patients, who took poor result. Surgery was carried out in 32 patients on the first or second day after subarachnoid hemorrhage, and 7 patients (22%) of them took good result. The overall mortality was 59% (19 patients). In ten patients, surgery was carried out on the third or fourth day after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Five patients had good result (50%) and four (40%) died. Considering the relationship between the timing and result of surgery, the mortality was 35% in patients operated on in the first week, whereas there were only 38 deaths among the 252 patients operated on after that interval. Among the death patients who were in grade IV or V at admission, intracranial hematoma was seen in 73%. It was concluded that in patients classified as grade I or II, the operation should be performed as soon as possible to prevent another rupture. In grade IV and V patients with severe damage by large hematoma, the mortality and morbidity were high even after evacuation of the hematoma. Patients with marked and diffuse vasospasm should be given conservative treatment at first and then operated on when the patients condition becomes good. PMID- 7133304 TI - [Subdural hematoma from arterial rupture -mechanism of arterial rupture in minor head injury]. AB - Five cases of subdural hematoma from arterial rupture (SDH-AR) are described and other 39 reported cases are reviewed. The average age of the patient is 59 and male to female ratio is 2:1. Fifty two percent of the patients have history of recent head injuries most of which are trivial. A very few patient have initial loss of consciousness. Approximately half of the patients with history of head trauma have long lucid interval (average of 7 days). Those patients without history of head trauma have spontaneous onset of the symptoms and some of the have acute onset of headache and loss of consciousness, simulating cerebrovascular accident. Natural history of the SDH-AR is progressing deterioration of the symptoms, resulting in coma and death. Skull fracture is seldom demonstrated in the patients with SDH-AR. Angiography shows and extracerebral avascular mass over the cerebral convexity with marked midline shift. In 3 cases including our 2 cases, extravasation of the contrast medium from the cortical artery is observed and this is a useful finding for making diagnosis of this disease. Computerized tomography reveals high density extracerebral mass with remarkable mass effect. Craniotomy discloses subdural clot and spurting arterial rupture from a branch of the cortical artery around the Sylvian fissure. In some cases, subarachnoid hemorrhage is observed but in none of the cases, cerebral contusion or laceration is present. It is presumed that the mechanism of the arterial rupture is gliding movement of the brain within the skull upon injury, tearing an arterial twig with dural attachment. Hypertension, arteriosclerosis and brain atrophy may be important contributing factors to this mechanism. Pseudoaneurysm of the cortical artery caused by closed head injury is also associated with this mechanism and may explain delayed sudden onset of the symptoms in some patients with SDH-AR. PMID- 7133306 TI - [Chronic subdural hematoma developing after EMS for moyamoya disease]. AB - A case of chronic subdural hematoma following EMS (Encephalo-Myo-Synangiosis) for moyamoya disease was presented. Two and a half year-old girl was admitted to our division because of right hemiparesis. Left carotid angiography revealed a very narrow left carotid bifurcation and small moyamoya vessels. EMS was performed on the left side and a right hemiparesis was improved. But she developed a headache and vomiting one month after the operation. CT scan and angiogram showed a chronic subdural hematoma on the left side. A hematoma weighing approximately 30 g was evacuated. We reviewed a similar case of 5-year-old boy in the literature and discussed the mechanism accounting for formation of the chronic subdural hematoma following EMS. PMID- 7133305 TI - [Unilateral inferior temporal lobectomy with hippocampectomy for acute ischemic brain edema]. AB - Intractable brain edema with hippocampal gyrus herniation through the incisura of the tentorium is a fatal complication of the main cerebral artery occlusion and severe vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage. We presented 10 operative cases of ischemic brain edema, 3 due to middle cerebral artery occlusion, 2 due to internal carotid artery occulsion and 5 due to severe vasospasm, discussing the surgical indication and prognosis in severe ischemic brain edema cases. Internal decompression by frontal and anterior temporal lobectomy with extensive craniectomy was done in 4 cases and hippocampectomy with extensive craniectomy in 5 cases with hippocampal herniation. Of the 8 survivors, one was fully independent, five required assistance and two totally disabled in activity of daily living. Patients with ischemic brain edema due to main cerebral artery occlusion showed better recovery by internal decompression with hippocampectomy than those with vasospasm. From above results, inferior and medial temporal lobectomy including the hippocampal gyrus to relieve peduncle compression, blockage of cerebrofluid circulation proved life saving in patients with severe ischemic brain edema. PMID- 7133307 TI - [A case of aspergillotic meningoencephalitis associated with trigeminal neuralgia]. AB - A case of aspergillotic meningoencephalitis associated with trigeminal neuralgia was reported. The patient, a 41-year-old female, was admitted to our hospital on Nov. 20, 1977 with the chief complaint of right trigeminal neuralgia. On admission right facial paresthesia and right abducens palsy were found. The skull x-ray and tomogram showed enlargement of the right superior orbital fissure. Ct scan revealed an irregular high density around the right superior orbital fissure. The examination of spinal fluid showed 75 mg/dl protein, 72 mg/dl sugar and 11 cells. A biopsy of the mass and trigeminal rhizotomy were performed on Dec. 21, 1977. Microscopically, the specimen was composed of nonspecific granulomatous inflammatory tissue. Thereafter, loss of visual acuity, total ophthalmoplegia and facial paresis gradually appeared on the right side with high fever elevation. Immunologically, peripheral blood lymphocytes responded normally to PHA and PWM, but numbers of lymphocytes showed a tendancy of decrease with deterioration. On the other hand, serum IgG and IgM levels were rather increased. CT scan showed that an irregular high density mass extended to the right orbital apex and the pterygoid fossa. Spinal fluid revealed 260 mmH2O pressure with 76 mg/dl protein, 55 mg/dl sugar and 293 cells, but no organisms were demonstrated. Four months after the operation, swelling of the right subtemporal region became remarkable, in which region a puncture revealed much pus retention, and Aspergillus fumigatus was cultured from the aspirated pus. The patient became comatose and died on May 20, 1978. Autopsy showed thick, yellowish green pseudomembranes covering from the right temporal tip to the basal cistern. The both of cerebral hemispheres were swollen and revealed multiple small softenings all over the brain. Small hemorrhage occupying the right temporal subcortex and microabscess located in the left thalamus were also seen. Microscopical examination disclosed that the pseudomembrane was composed of the necrotizing suppurative inflammation with branched septate hypha of Aspergillus. There have been a few reports of aspergillotic meningoencephalitis associated with trigeminal neuralgia and enlargement of the superior orbital fissure like this case. Some discussion was made on the importance for the diagnosis of aspergillosis to perform fungal culture and histological examination of materials obtained from the inflammatory site, and immunological data of this case was also presented. PMID- 7133308 TI - [Penetrating transorbital intracranial foreign body]. AB - About a month prior to admission to our hospital, a 25-year-old man had a quarrel with his friend and was stabbed in his left eye with a cracked bottle of beer. He underwent emergency operation for the injured left eye. Subsequently he was admitted to an ophthalmological ward in our hospital for plastic surgery of an artificial eye. An intracranial foreign body was pointed out, and he was soon transferred to our neurosurgical ward. Plain x-ray films and tomograms of the skull and CT scan showed a foreign body at medial portion of the left superior orbital fissure. Carotid angiography revealed no significant implication of the cerebral vessels. As there was a strong suspicion of cerebral contusion or liquorrhea, a pterional craniotomy was so designed as to do removal of thie foreign body and repair of the dura mater in one stage. The post-operative couse was uneventful without liquorrhea or miningitis. It was emphasized that pterional approach used by Hamby (1970) for surgery of malignant exophthalmos was useful and felicitious in this case. It was additionally reported that cerebrospinal orbitorrhea observed in this case was rare and it might be the third case in the literature. PMID- 7133309 TI - [Four cases of hangman's fracture]. AB - Four cases of hangman's fracture were reported. The cases were disturbed between 67 and 85 years of age and all were males. The exact mechanisms of injuries of these cases were not precisely documented, but all struck the head by falling for some distance. Three of them showed cerebral concussion immediately after injuries. One of four patients had complete transverse cord lesion at C5 level and the other showed right Brown-Sequard syndrome at C4 level, while another two showed no neurological deficits except for neck pain. Radiological findings disclosed fracture of the pedicles or the lamina of the axis and anterior spondylolisthesis of the axis upon the third cervical vertebra. In one patient, fracture of the body of third cervical vertebra was combined. All cases were initially treated by skeletal traction, in order for reduction of dislocation, then fixation of the injured spine. Steroid and mannitol were administered to patients with complete cord section and Brown-Sequard type of lesion. Two out of four patients showed uneventful clinical course. A patient shown Brown-Sequard syndrome revealed fairly good recovery, and another with showing transverse cord lesion died from fatal gastrointestinal bleeding 15 days after injury. Analysis of C2 fractures experienced in these four cases suggested that direct downward forces along the longitudinal axis when the head remained in extension or flexion caused these fractures, whereas pure hyperextension injures of the upper cervical spine, which has been considered as main mechanism, had only a minor role. PMID- 7133310 TI - [Orbital neurilemmoma originated from the supraorbital nerve: case report]. AB - The patient, 41 years old, female, was admitted to our hospital with the chief complaint of the progressively increasing painless swelling of the right eye. On examination, the right eye slightly protruded compared with the left and upward movement of the right eye was limited. Skull x-ray film (posteroanterior) showed a dome-shaped expansion in the roof of the right orbit. Orbital venogram showed inferior and medial displacement of the P1 and P2 portions and the second segment of the superior ophthalmic vein. CT scan in coronal view showed a tumor in superior par of the right orbit. Operation was performed by subfrontal approach. It was noticed that the supraorbital nerve entered the tumor. The mass, 5 g in weight, was successfully removed. Pathologically, the diagnosis of neurilemmoma was made. Postoperatively, the proptosis diminished and the ocular movements became normal in all directions. Neurilemmoma of the orbit is an uncommon tumor, accounting for only 1.7-5.6% of all orbital tumors. Identifying the original nerve of the tumor has been even rarer. Including this case, there have been only 8 individually reported descriptions. In three cases the tumor originated from the supraorbital nerve, in three cases from the ciliary nerve, in two cases from the infraorbital nerve. PMID- 7133311 TI - [A case of arteriovenous malformation showed onset of symptoms on the late neonatal period]. AB - Arteriovenous malformation ruptured in the neonatal period is rare. The authors report a case of arteriovenous malformation showed onset of symptoms on the late neonatal period. A female Japanese baby was born at full term. Neonatal history was uneventful until she had bad temper, pallor and vomiting on 23th day. Her head size increased abnormally until it was 42.5 cm when she was admitted to Shizuoka Children's Hospital with a diagnosis of possible hydrocephalus at 2 months old. CT scan showed a large cystic cavity communicated with the dilated lateral ventricles. The ventriculo-peritoneal shunt was performed, but unfortunately the shunt was removed for the suspicion of abdominal complication. At the age of 4 months, right retrograde brachial angiography showed a tangle of abnormal vascular channels in the right fronto-lateral basal region (15X13X8 mm in size), which was fed a frontopolar artery and drained to superior saggital sinus. Frontal osteoplastic craniotomy was performed and total arteriovenous malformation with a partial frontal lobe was excised. Ventriculo-peritoneal shunt was reinserted for the post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus. She was healthy on 3 years old with mild motor deficit. PMID- 7133312 TI - [A case of atypical moyamoya disease with a ruptured aneursym on moyamoya vessel]. AB - A 45-year-old female had sudden onset of severe headache, nausea and vomiting without any inducing moments and was transferred to our hospital by an ambulance car. On admission the patient was alert and showed only signs of meningeal irritation. There were no other neurological deficits at all. Immediate CT examination revealed a small high density spot in the area of the right basal ganglia, and a large high density in the frontal horns of both lateral ventricles. Right carotid angiogram showed completely patent carotid siphon with Moyamoya vessels. A small round aneurysmal shadow of 3 mm in diameter was seen in the area of these Moyamoya vessels of the right basal ganglia, and it was thought to be corresponding to the high density spot in the CT examination. Left carotid angiogram showed stenosis of C portion with typical Moyamoya vessels. Therefore, diagnosis of atypical Moyamoya disease with a ruptured aneurysm and ventricular penetration of hematoma was made. The patient was placed on conservative treatment. On 25th day from onset, repeated angiogram showed enlargement of the aneurysmal shadow from 3 mm to 5 mm in diameter. So, on 33rd day, right STA-MCA anastomosis and encephalomyosynangiosis were carried out. Angiogram on 12th day after surgery revealed no aneurysmal shadow. The patient was discharged without any neurological deficit at all. Previous paper, which reported cases of Moyamoya disease with aneurysm, were reviewed. According to the location of the aneurysm, these cases were classified into 3 types angiographically; type I: aneurysm in the area of Moyamoya vessels, type II: aneurysm of cerebral-peripheral artery, and type III: aneurysm of the circle of Willis. It has been generally believed that the Moyamoya disease may be associated with either a true or a pseudoaneurysm in the case of type I. However, pseudoaneurysm in the area of Moyamoya vessels has not been found in postmortem examination but true aneurysms so far. Therefore it may not be denied that the aneurysm of this case was true aneurysm although it showed an enlarging tendency and disappeared rather spontaneously. PMID- 7133313 TI - The effect of x-radiation given after neonatal administration of ethyl nitrosourea on incidence of induced nervous system tumours. AB - Neonatal rats were injected with neurocarcinogenic amounts of ethyl nitrosourea (ENU) and whole-body X-irradiated 24 h later. An absorbed radiation dose of 1.25 Gy caused a statistically significant decrease in the incidence of nervous system tumours induced by ENU (10 mg/kg). Absorbed doses of 0.2 Gy or 1.25 Gy given after ENU (4 mg/kg) also reduced their incidence, but not significantly so. The X irradiation did not affect the range of histological appearances amongst the tumours but malignant schwannomas, particularly those of the trigeminal nerve, were significantly reduced by 1.25 Gy given after ENU (10 mg/kg). The mean latency for clinical signs of tumour appearance was not affected by radiation. A small number of nervous system tumours occurred in rats given neonatal X radiation only and it seems highly likely that these were radiation-induced. PMID- 7133314 TI - The development of retinitis in mice with nonfatal herpes simplex encephalitis. AB - A mutant strain of herpes simplex virus, type 1 (HSV1), selected for high resistance to acyclovir (ACV) was inoculated intracerebrally into mice. The mice survived with no obvious neurological signs but developed cataracts within 4-8 weeks of inoculation. Histological examination revealed only a mild encephalitis, but around 7 days after injection a florid, necrotizing, viral retinitis developed. There was almost simultaneous involvement of both eyes. Inflammatory cell infiltration and early myelin degeneration along the course of the optic nerve suggested cell to cell spread of virus to the retinal nerve cell bodies. Although virus could only be recovered from the eye in the early stages of retinitis, destruction of the neural retina was frequently complete and subsequently the optic nerve showed Wallerian type degeneration. Visible cataracts were a late complication, but changes in the lens were initiated during the phase of acute retinitis. This experiment shows that antiviral agents may induce mutant forms which cannot reproduce classical disease, but are capable of permissive infection in unexpected sites. Herpes retinitis is occasionally recognized as a complication of fatal HSV encephalitis in man. Theoretically, more effective treatment of encephalitis with nucleoside analogues, for example with acyclovir, could reveal the development of retinitis in survivors. PMID- 7133315 TI - Retarded fetal brain development resulting from severe dietary iodine deficiency in sheep. AB - Sheep have been used to study the effect of dietary iodine deficiency on the development of the fetal brain. Severe iodine deficiency caused reduction in fetal brain and body weights and in brain DNA and protein from 70 days gestation to parturition. The lowered brain weight and brain DNA at 70 days gestation indicates a reduced number of cells, probably due to slower neuroblast multiplication which normally occurs from 40-80 days in the sheep, and the reduction in DNA and protein after 80 days implies that the development of neuroglia could be slowed also in iodine deficiency. Morphological changes were observed in both the cerebral hemispheres and the cerebellum. In the cerebral hemispheres of the iodine-deficient fetuses an increased density of neurons was apparent histologically in the motor cortex and visual cortex and in the CA1 and CA4 areas of the hippocampus in comparison with controls. In the cerebellum there was delayed migration of cells from the external granular layer to the internal granular layer and increased density of Purkinje cells in the iodine-deficient fetal brains. In addition, the molecular area was increased and the medullary area reduced in comparison with controls. These change are indicative of delayed brain maturation. Evidence of fetal hypothyroidism was provided by low fetal thyroid iodine and plasma T4 values, thyroid hyperplasia from 70 days gestation, significant reduction in body weight at the same time as the brain retardation, and absence of wool growth and delayed skeletal maturation near parturition. It is apparent from the biochemical and histological changes observed during iodine deficiency that iodine is an essential element for normal fetal brain and physical development in the sheep. PMID- 7133316 TI - Effects of opiates and osmotic stimuli on rat neurohypophyseal metabolic activity monitored with [3H]-2-deoxyglucose. AB - The metabolic activity of the neural lobe of the rat pituitary gland was measured by autoradiographic estimation of the rate of accumulation of 1-[3H]-2-deoxy-D glucose ( [3H]-2DG). Replacement of drinking water by 2% saline for 5 days resulted in a 300% increase in [3H]-2DG accumulation in the neural lobe. Morphine (8 mg/kg s.c.) increased [3H]-2DG uptake by 213%, and this effect was antagonized by naloxone. Morphine-tolerant rats also showed an increased uptake of [3H]-2DG, and morphine actually reduced the neural lobe activity in these animals. Rats with monosodium glutamate induced lesions of the circumventricular organs no longer showed any increase in neural lobe activity after morphine. Homozygous Brattleboro rats on an ad libitum water intake showed greater neural lobe activity than normal controls, and replacement of drinking water with 2% saline for 24 h resulted in a massive increase in [3H]-2DG uptake. In none of these studies was any alteration detected in the metabolic activity of the supraoptic or paraventricular nuclei. PMID- 7133317 TI - Effects of acute and chronic 17-beta-estradiol administration on rhombencephalic, pineal and pituitary catecholamine levels in ovariectomized rats. AB - In the intermediate-posterior lobe of the pituitary gland there was a 2-fold increase in both dopamine and norepinephrine concentrations 12 h following estradiol injection to ovariectomized rats. Similar, but smaller, increases in dopamine levels were noted 24 h after injection of estradiol and following chronic estradiol treatment, as well as in norepinephrine levels 24 h after estradiol. In contrast, the dopamine content of anterior pituitary decreased following estradiol treatment. Epinephrine levels were not changed in the pituitary gland. No changes in four discrete brain stem regions or pineal gland catecholamine concentrations, with the exception of a small increase in dopamine concentration in the A2 area, were observed following either acute or chronic estradiol administration. Our results suggest that estrogens can selectively modulate catecholamine metabolism in the anterior and intermediate-posterior lobes of the pituitary gland. PMID- 7133318 TI - Episodic lh secretion in the immature male and female rat as assessed by sequential blood sampling. AB - Using a repeated sampling method, the precise and detailed secretory pattern of luteinizing hormone (LH) was studied in the immature female and male rat. Animals which had been kept under controlled environmental conditions were implanted with a intracardiac cannula 1 day before, and sequential 50-microliters blood samples were collected every 10 min for a 4-hour period at 24-27 days of age. The concentrations of LH in the whole blood were determined by radioimmunoassay. When an LH pulse was defined as a rapid increase in LH concentrations to the levels higher than 0.28 ng/ml (mean of minimally detectable amounts plus 2 SD), LH was secreted in a pulsatile fashion in both the female and male rats. Most animals showed 1 or 2 LH pulses over the 4-hour sampling period, and the mean amplitudes were slightly but significantly higher in the female than in the male. PMID- 7133319 TI - Pineal gland inhibition of prolactin cell activity is independent of gonadal regression. AB - In order to determine whether the inhibitory effect of the pineal gland on the PRL cells of blind-anosmic female rats is a result of the attendant gonadal regression observed in these animals, mammotroph activity was compared between intact and ovariectomized rats eight weeks after prepubertal blinding and olfactory bulbectomy. PRL synthesis was evaluated by measuring the amount of 3H leucine incorporated into PRL by interior pituitaries in vitro. PRL synthesis was reduced by 47% in blind-anosmic rats, an effect which was reversed by pinealectomy. Although ovariectomy itself led to a 64% decrease in PRL synthesis, dual-sensory deprivation in these animals resulted in a further 59% suppression of PRL production. PRL storage, as estimated by measuring total immunoreactive PRL in vitro also appeared to be significantly depressed in blind-anosmic female rats. Once again, ovariectomy had no effect on this reduction. PRL release, as assessed by monitoring serum levels of the hormone, was decreased in blind anosmic rats. Ovariectomy also caused a reduction in serum PRL levels; however, the combination of blinding and olfactory bulbectomy had no further depressive effect on circulating PRL titers in these animals. Correlated with the decrease in PRL cell activity in both intact and ovariectomized blind-anosmic rats was a pineal-induced decrease in anterior pituitary weight and DNA content in both sets of animals. From these data we conclude that the pineal's inhibition of the PRL cell in blind-anosmic female rats is largely independent of the gonads and, therefore, could not be secondary to gonadal involution. PMID- 7133320 TI - Effects of melatonin on thyroid physiology of female hamsters. AB - The effects of melatonin administration on thyroid physiology of female hamsters was investigated. A protocol of 25 micrograms given daily as subcutaneous injections late in the light period was found to inhibit blood levels of thyroxin (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyrotropin (TSH). The free T4 index (FT4I) and the free T3 index (FT3I) were also significantly inhibited by melatonin injections. Decreasing the photoperiod under which the hamsters were kept, from 14 h light/10 h dark (14L/10D) to 10L/14D also resulted in decreased blood levels of these hormones. A protocol of melatonin injections using 2.5 mg daily, on the other hand, did not significantly inhibit blood levels of thyroid hormones or TSH; injection of this dose every afternoon into hamsters in long photoperiod significantly augmented the blood levels of T4. Continuously available melatonin in the form of subcutaneous implants of 1 mg melatonin in beeswax did not inhibit blood levels of thyroid hormones; furthermore, such implants prevented the inhibitory effects of injections of 25 micrograms melatonin. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that melatonin interferes with neurotransmitters which influence the synthesis or release of hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone. PMID- 7133321 TI - Muscarinic mechanisms and sex hormone secretion in rat adenohypophysis and preoptic area. AB - The highly specific tritiated muscarinic antagonist N-methyl-4-piperidyl benzilate [(3H)-4NMPB] was used in direct binding and in competition experiments with the muscarinic agonist oxotremorine to investigate the influence of in vivo endocrine manipulations involving estrogen on muscarinic receptors in the adenohypophysis and hypothalamus. In the adenohypophysis the characteristics of antagonist binding in ovariectomized female rats, like those in androgenized females, resembled those in normal male rats; this trend was reversed in ovariectomized females after implantation of 17 beta-estradiol capsules, with the characteristics of antagonist binding now resembling those in normal female rats at estrus. Agonist binding characteristics also showed some distinct differences between treated and normal female rats: the proportion of high affinity binding sites decreased both in ovariectomized and androgenized rats, while the affinity of these sites became greater as compared to control animals. The results clearly show that changes in the levels of sex steroids, as a result of the above mentioned endocrine manipulations, influence the behavior of the muscarinic receptors in both areas, and suggest muscarinic participation in the regulation of gonadotropin release in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis. PMID- 7133322 TI - Impaired copulatory behaviour of male rats with hyperprolactinaemia induced by domperidone or pituitary grafts. AB - Sexually experienced male CFHB rats, castrated and implanted with testosterone, were chronically treated with domperidone (ca. 5 mg/kg/day). Twice-weekly tests of sexual behaviour showed a significant elevation of both mount latency and ejaculation latency, and suppression of mounting rate after 2-3 weeks of treatment. The number of mounts and intromissions before ejaculation was increased on some tests by domperidone. Experienced male WAG rats, also castrated and testosterone implanted, received three pituitary grafts under the kidney capsule. An increase in ejaculation latency was seen during the first week and then again several weeks after grafting, though implantation of non-endocrine tissue (muscle) into the controls may also have affected behaviour. Both treatments elevated serum prolactin levels, domperidone much more substantially than pituitary grafts. Serum testosterone levels were sustained within the normal intact range by the implants. The weights of the seminal vesicles, ventral prostate and adrenal glands were not significantly altered by either treatment. These experiments show that hyperprolactinaemia induced by two independent methods can retard sexual behaviour in male rats. PMID- 7133323 TI - Adrenocortical responses following limbic stimulation in rats with hypothalamic deafferentations. AB - In view of the involvement of limbic structures in adrenocortical regulation, their afferent projections to the mediobasal hypothalamus were investigated. Electrical stimulation via chronically implanted electrodes in the dorsal hippocampus, the medial septal nuclei, the basolateral amygdala or the mesencephalic reticular formation all elicited a significant increment in plasma corticosterone levels in adult male rats under pentobarbital anesthesia. Complete or anterior hypothalamic deafferentation blocked these adrenocortical responses completely, and posterior hypothalamic deafferentation attenuated them to a marked extent. In animals with bilateral medial forebrain bundle lesions, hippocampal stimulation had no effect upon plasma corticosterone levels. These studies demonstrate that extrahypothalamic effects upon adrenocortical secretion are neurally mediated, and that the integrity of neural pathways impinging upon the mediobasal hypothalamus from both the rostral and the caudal directions is essential to these effects. PMID- 7133324 TI - The traction reaction in infancy-clinical and electromyographic study of normal infants. AB - The traction reaction was studied in 23 normal infants on 45 occasions at ages ranging from 2 weeks to 12 months. The distribution of the developmental phases of the reaction to some extent differed from that expected from age according to the description of Vojta (1976). EMG recordings from 15 trunk and leg muscles were obtained on 37 occasions from 20 of the infants. Six types of EMG activation pattern during traction were observed in different overlapping age periods from 1 month to 12 months. From these patterns, four well separated stages of motor development were distinguished. They were as follows: 1) No EMG activity related to traction. 2) Trunk flexor activation with weak or irregular activation in leg muscles. 3) Reciprocal activation in trunk flexor and extensor muscles combined with strong co-activation of the leg muscles, and 4) Trunk muscles activated as in stage 3, but the coactivation in leg muscles abolished and gradually followed by functionally adequate activation in some of the leg muscles. PMID- 7133325 TI - Cerebral palsy in Eastern Denmark 1965-1974. I. Decreased frequency of congenital cases. Cerebral Palsy Registry of Denmark Report No. VII. PMID- 7133326 TI - Language development at the age of 3 years of infants malnourished in utero. AB - To evaluate if language testing might provide useful information about the developmental outcome at pre-school age of term infants malnourished in utero, a group of these infants was studied in combination with a group of normally grown term infants matched for age, sex, birth rank and social class. Both groups were free from significant neonatal morbidity and debilitating diseases. Intrauterine malnutrition was defined as underweight for gestational age and the presence of wasting to select those S.G.A. infants with easily recognizable signs of malnutrition at birth. The Reynell Developmental Language Scales were used to test language and the results were related to a separate assessment of behaviour and neurology. Both verbal comprehension and expressive language were significantly less developed in infants malnourished in utero. A firm relation was established between language delay and behaviour problems. It was concluded that language development can be used to assess the developmental progress of infants malnourished in utero if performed in combination with behaviour assessment. Many of these infants will benefit by speech therapy during behaviour therapy at pre-school age. PMID- 7133328 TI - Cervical diplomyelia revealed by computed tomography (CT). PMID- 7133327 TI - Gliomas of the anterior visual pathway in children. Tumour behaviour and effect of treatment. AB - An analysis of 16 cases of optic glioma in childhood is presented. All tumours were astrocytomas of the juvenile pilocytic of type low malignancy. In 7 of 13 patients with involvement of the chiasm there was a significant progression of tumour during the follow-up period, including 4 cases with fatal outcome. Patients under 5 years of age had a more unfavourable course than older children, but at the same time they had received lower doses of radiotherapy. The 5 patients treated with an absorbed dose of 39 Gy or more are alive without signs of progression 7-20 years after treatment. It is concluded from this material and from a survey of literature that many cases of optic glioma in childhood do not have a benign course. Guidelines for treatment are proposed. PMID- 7133329 TI - Craniosynostosis, ataxia, trigeminal anaesthesia and parietal alopecia with pons vermis fusion anomaly (atresia of the fourth ventricle). Report of two cases. AB - A probably new syndrome of craniosynostosis, ataxia, trigeminal anaesthesia, and parietal alopecia area associated with pons-vermis fusion anomaly (atresia of the fourth ventricle), in two unrelated Mexican girls, is described. The cerebellar anomaly was proven by CT scan only and it correlated with ataxia. Other abnormalities seen in both patients were midfacial hypoplasia, bilateral corneal opacities, low-set ears, mental retardation and short stature. This disorder could be a new neurocutaneous syndrome. PMID- 7133330 TI - Transient EEG patterns during sleep in healthy newborns. AB - 24 healthy full-term newborns underwent polygraphic recordings of EEG, EMG, EOG, ECG, abdominal and thoracic respiration during day-time-sleep. Transient EEG patterns (rhythmic alpha and beta activity, spikes/sharp waves and frontal sharp transients) were visually evaluated and quantified. Rhythmic alpha activity is not very prominent. It is found in all states of sleep and appears only as scattered waves and interrupted sequences. Their duration varies from 1 to 5 sec. Rhythmic beta activity is a feature of quiet and active-REM sleep, repeatedly in spindle-shaped formations. "Typical" sleep spindle activity, however, is very rare. In a few cases rhythmic beta activity also appears in the form of the delta brush pattern. Spikes/sharp waves are sporadic in appearance, non-repetitive in nature and occur mostly multifocal with parietal predominance. They are more frequent in quiet sleep (1 per 2.3 min on average) than in active-REM sleep (1 per 18 min), and were rare in transitional states of sleep (1 per hour). "Frontal sharp transients" show great variations of configuration. They occur most frequently in quiet sleep. Often they appear only unilaterally. Their voltage maximum is frontal, fronto-temporal or praecentral. They are more frequent in REM sleep after wakefulness than after quiet sleep. The individual as well as the sleep-state related frequencies of spike/sharp waves and "frontal sharp transients" tend to differ widely with a range of a factor 10. In some of the newborns these graphoelements are not observed at all during certain sleep phases. PMID- 7133331 TI - Decreased amino acids in various brain areas of patients with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. AB - In an effort to further understand the pathogenesis of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, an X linked recessive disease of purine metabolism associated with a deficiency of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase, we have analyzed the amino acids in autopsy brain material obtained from five patients and six controls. The amino acids glycine and glutamine serve as substrates for the synthesis of purines in man. Amino acids were measured in the occipital cortex, limbic cortical area, cerebellar cortex, hippocampus and putamen. In general the amino acids were usually lower in concentration in brain material from affected individuals. Most dramatically decreased were threonine, serine, valine, isoleucine, lysine and arginine. Only glutamine and urea were higher than controls. Glutamate, gamma aminobutyrate and cystathionine were essentially unaffected. The data reported here do not support a role for increased glycine in the pathogenesis of this disease as implied by findings previously reported in cultured cell lines (Skaper and Seegmiller 1976, 1977). The current findings suggest that individuals with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome have a generally lower concentration of free amino acids in brain. This decrease may be involved in the etiology of the disease or the decrease may be a result of the generally malnourished state of these individuals. These results imply that affected patients have a limited supply of amino acid precursors available for the synthesis of either proteins or neurotransmitters that the brain requires for normal function. Thus, the low amino acid pools could be an important factor in the brain dysfunction observed in patients with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. PMID- 7133332 TI - A variant of Jansky-Bielschowsky disease. AB - A series of 18 patients with Jansky-Bielschowsky disease is presented. Two children only showed the classical features of the disorder, whereas the remaining 16 differed from the cases previously published in the following respects. Clinically: later onset of age, early onset of visual failure and an intermediate course of the disease. Neurophysiologically: spikes in response to intermittent stimulation appeared by the age of 7-8 years and disappeared after 11 years. The visual evoked response was extinct at an advanced stage of the disorder. Morphologically: accumulation of cytosomes with curvi-linear and fingerprint profiles in solid tissues, but lymphocytes showed no storage material. Electron microscopy of the lymphocytes revealed nothing abnormal. PMID- 7133334 TI - Fluctuating dystonia and allied syndromes. AB - Dystonia musculorum deformans is a descriptive diagnosis. A number of other conditions such as Hallervorden-Spatz disease and juvenile paralysis agitans have to be excluded. Then the history of a child's illness may suggest a particular syndrome such as the progressive dystonia with marked diurnal fluctuations. Two case reports are given of children who show fluctuation of symptoms but their histories varied from those previously described. Problems of treatment are discussed and it is suggested that fluctuation of symptoms may indicate a response to levadopa while those with a relentless progression of symptoms may respond to other drugs such as orphenadrine. PMID- 7133333 TI - Cerebrovascular Doppler-ultrasound examination in children: principle, indication and findings. AB - The cerebrovascular Doppler examination (cv-Doppler) is a reliable noninvasive method for the diagnosis of obstructions in the extracranial cerebral arteries, and of major arteriovenous shunts in adult patients. The method was applied in 38 children aged 4 months to 17 years. 25 patients with symptoms of cerebrovascular disease underwent cerebral angiography. Six patients had extracranial arterial obstruction, all correctly diagnosed by Doppler. Six children had obstruction of the middle cerebral artery, four were indirectly predicted by Doppler. Four of these twelve patients had extra-intracranial bypass surgery. The patency of the anastomosis could be documented in all cases by Doppler. Ten children had arterio venous shunts. Of these, 7 patients with an av-angioma and one patient with a carotid-cavernous-sinus fistula were diagnosed correctly by Doppler, as was the cessation of pathologically increased blood flow in the feeding and draining vessels in the 5 patients who had surgical intervention. cv-Doppler results were normal in 3 cases with normal angiography. These results demonstrate that cv Doppler examination can be useful also in children for the diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease and noninvasive documentation of the hemodynamic effect of neurovascular surgery. PMID- 7133335 TI - Progressive neurological disorder associated with obstructive jaundice and vitamin E deficiency. AB - A ten-year-old girl had obstructive jaundice in the newborn period which persisted for 4 years despite choledochojejunostomy at 6 weeks. From the age of 6 years she developed a progressive neurological syndrome characterized mainly by dysarthria and ataxia. A causal relationship with her profound vitamin E deficiency seemed likely. Treatment with vitamin E over a 2 1/2 year period appeared to arrest the progression of the neurological deficit and subsequent increase in dosage produced some improvement in her ataxia. PMID- 7133336 TI - A case of cerebral arterial occlusion with retinitis pigmentosa. PMID- 7133337 TI - Peripheral and central myelinopathy in Cockayne's syndrome. Report of 3 siblings. AB - Three siblings with Cockayne's syndrome are reported. Sural nerve biopsies revealed segmental de- and remyelination with onion-bulb formation. Disturbed visual and brain-stem auditory evoked responses indicated demyelination of the central nervous system. The peripheral and central myelinopathy increased with age, suggesting a progressive disorder. Our observations support the theory of Cockayne's syndrome being a leukodystrophy. PMID- 7133338 TI - Does acyclovir prevent the diagnosis of herpes encephalitis? PMID- 7133339 TI - Phase relationships between thoracic and abdominal respiratory movement during sleep in 31 - 38 weeks CA normal infants. Comparison with full-term (39 - 41 weeks) newborns. PMID- 7133340 TI - Sleep apneas in normal neonates and infants during the first 3 months of life. AB - Sleep polygraphic recording was carried out on 52 normal full-term babies. 16 infants were recorded at 2 - 7 days of age, 14 at 2 to 5 weeks, 13 at 6 to 9 weeks and 9 at 10 - 13 weeks. Central apneas of 2 sec and over were analysed in Active Sleep (AS), Quiet Sleep (QS) and Transitional Sleep (TS). Apnea Index (AI, percent of non-breathing) and Number of Apneas (NA) per 100 min of sleep state (for 2 - 4 sec, greater than or equal to 5 sec, greater than or equal to 6 sec and greater than or equal to 10 sec apneas) were determined. Obstructive and mixed apneas were tabulated separately. % of Periodic Breathing (PB) was also determined. These results were statistically tested using different methods. AI and number of less than 5 sec apneas are higher in AS than in QS during the period studied. A decrease of AI and NA occurs before the end of the 2nd month both in AS and QS. During the first five weeks of postnatal life the AI, the NA and the % of PB are higher in infants born at 38 - 39 weeks of Gestational Age (GA) than in infants born at 40 - 42 weeks. A positive correlation between short apneas (less than 5 sec) and apneas greater than or equal to 5 sec was found in AS and in total sleep. Obstructive and mixed apneas were very infrequent. Apneas are not affected by recording technique, sex or sleeping position of infants. There is a great interindividual variability of NA, particularly during the first month of life. Little normative data has been published so far concerning the incidence of respiratory apneas during day sleep in full-term infants recorded by polygraphy. PMID- 7133341 TI - Detection of risk factors for "near miss SIDS" events in full-term infants. PMID- 7133342 TI - Neuronal control of neonatal respiration - sleep apnea and the sudden infant death syndrome. AB - During the last decade evidence has been accumulated that there might be a continuum from normally occurring short spells of apnea during sleep to life threatening long lasting respiratory pauses with marked bradycardia or even cardiac arrest from which, however, the infant could be resuscitated - the so called Near Miss for Sudden Infant Death Event - and finally, to the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). There are still many missing links between these three phenomena and it seems likely that the connection between all three is not a straight matter in degree of immature dysfunction of cardiorespiratory control mechanisms. However, no other concept has shead so much light on SIDS and - most probably - no other concept with its consequence of continuous home monitoring has already salvaged so many babies as research into the different sleep apnea syndromes during infancy. However, for the final evaluation of the above mentioned hypothesis two issues urgently need clarification: a) How much apnea is normal at different ages and in different risk groups of infants. b) Can "near miss infants" or future victims of SIDS be identified on the basis of the amount of apnea prior to the event. In the first part of this survey brain mechanisms possibly underlying both, sleep apnea and serious apneic events will be discussed. In the second part new normative data on the amount of apnea will be presented together with 2 extraordinary cases who could be studied by means of longterm polygraphic sleep recordings prior to a definitely serious near miss event in one case and a crib death in another. PMID- 7133344 TI - [Overcorrection. Analysis of a technique of behaviour modification in mentally backward children]. PMID- 7133343 TI - Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS): an integration of ontogenetic pathologic, physiologic and epidemiologic factors. PMID- 7133345 TI - [Forms of evolution of child psychosis]. PMID- 7133347 TI - [Between she-dog and she-wolf or about the "child abduction" fantasm]. PMID- 7133346 TI - [The extrafamily elective mutism in children, in connection with 14 observations]. PMID- 7133348 TI - [Exploratory study of the early development of shared focal attention in the mother-infant system. II. Investigation in two families with psychotic transaction]. PMID- 7133349 TI - Treatment of ischemic deficits from vasospasm with intravascular volume expansion and induced arterial hypertension. AB - In 58 patients with progressive neurological deterioration from angiographically confirmed cerebral vasospasm after spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage, arterial hypertension was induced in an attempt to improve their deficits. The most effective regimen consisted of intravascular volume expansion, blockade of the vagal depressor response, and the administration of antidiuretics and vasopressor agents. With this protocol, arterial blood pressure could be sustained at high levels for prolonged periods. Neurological deterioration was reversed in 47 patients, transiently in 4; permanent improvement occurred in 43. Complications experienced during therapy included pulmonary edema, dilutional hyponatremia, aneurysmal rebleeding, coagulopathy, hemothorax, and myocardial infarction. Elevating systemic arterial pressure in states of cerebrovascular insufficiency resulting from vasospasm is safe if meticulous attention is paid to physiological, biochemical, and hematological parameters, with the exception that it may be hazardous in the presence of an untreated ruptured or intact aneurysm. Intravascular volume expansion and induced hypertension are effective in reversing ischemic deficits from vasospasm provided that treatment commences before cerebral infarction and that adequate pressures are maintained for a sufficient period. The production of a hypervolemic state by the use of colloid and crystalloid infusion accompanied by atropine blockade of the vagal depressor response and blunting of the diuresis with vasopressin enables arterial pressure to be elevated for longer than 1 week. PMID- 7133350 TI - Moderate head injury: completing the clinical spectrum of brain trauma. AB - We have divided head injury into three categories based on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) (severe, 3-8; moderate, 9-12; and minor, 13-15). In a previous report, we described significant disability after minor head injury. The present report describes 199 patients with moderate head injury, 159 of whom underwent follow-up examinations at 3 months. In contrast to patients with minor head injury, half as many were students (17%) and twice as many were intoxicated (53%). Seventy-five patients were studied with computed tomographic (CT) scanning; 30% of the scans were negative and 31% showed a space-occupying mass. As reported by Gennarelli et al. in patients with severe head injuries, those with moderate head injury and subdural hematoma had a very poor outcome: 65% died or were severely disabled and none made a good recovery as measured by the Glasgow Outcome Scale. At 3 months, 38% of the moderate head injury patients had made a good recovery compared with 75% of the minor head injury patients. Within the good recovery category, however, there was much disability (headache, 93%; memory difficulties, 90%; difficulties with activities of daily living, 87%), and only 7% of the patients were asymptomatic. The Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery in an unselected subset (n = 32) showed significant deficits on all test measures. Sixty-six per cent of the patients previously employed had not returned to work, compared to 33% of the minor head injury patients. The major predictors of unemployment after minor head injury were premorbid characteristics (age, education, and socio-economic status). In contrast, all predictors in moderate head injury were measures of the severity of injury (length of coma, CT diagnosis, GCS on discharge). We conclude that: (a) moderate head injury, not described previously in the literature, results in mortality and substantial morbidity intermediate between those of severe and minor head injury; (b) unlike minor head injury, the principal predictors of outcome after moderate head injury are measures of the severity of injury; and (c) more attention should be directed to patients with moderate head injury than to those with the most severe injuries, in whom brain damage is probably irreversible and all forms of management have demonstrated little success. PMID- 7133351 TI - Hemodynamic effects of N2O, O2 barbiturate anesthesia and induced hypotension in early versus late aneurysm clipping. AB - The cardiovascular effects of large dose thiopental anesthesia and induced hypotension were examined in 22 patients undergoing clipping of ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Eleven patients operated on within 4 days of the initial bleed (early group) were compared with those operated on more than 10 days after the bleed (late group). Systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures, central venous pressure, and cardiac output were measured. The cardiac index and the systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance were calculated. Before the induction of anesthesia, the cardiac index was 4.00 +/- 0.3 litres/minute/m2 in the early group compared with 2.89 +/- 0.23 litres/minute/m2 in the late group (P less than 0.05). Five and 10 minutes after the administration of mannitol (1 g/kg) and at an induced hypotensive level of 60 torr, the cardiac index remained significantly higher in the early group (P less than 0.05). There was no significant difference in the mean arterial blood pressure between the groups. Systemic vascular resistance was significantly higher in the late group during the postinduction and the pre-mannitol infusion periods and at induced hypotensive levels of 50 and 40 torr. Central venous pressure was significantly higher in the early group only at the preanesthesia (control) measurement. There was no significant difference between the groups in the pulmonary artery wedge pressure or the pulmonary vascular resistance. PMID- 7133352 TI - Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea in association with a congenital defect of the cochlear aqueduct and Mondini dysplasia. AB - Unrecognized spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) otorrhea led to recurrent bacterial meningitis in three children. The underlying cause of the spontaneous CSF otorrhea was proved to be a congenital cystic dilatation of the cochlear aqueduct and Mondini dysplasia of the temporal bone. The CSF leak recurred in all patients after an initial surgical attempts to close the defects through a tympanotomy. A suboccipital approach was used successfully to obliterate the CSF fistulas in two children; a translabyrinthine approach was used in the other. A search of the literature revealed that Mondini dysplasia is a congenital anomaly that can commonly cause spontaneous CSF otorrhea in children. The authors discuss the management of this uncommon entity on the basis of a literature review and their own experience. PMID- 7133353 TI - Subarachnoid enhancement secondary to subarachnoid hemorrhage with special reference to the clinical significance and pathogenesis. PMID- 7133354 TI - Craniopharyngiomas in children. AB - Forty-three children with craniopharyngiomas were operated upon at The Neurological Institute of New York between 1952 and 1977. The removal was thought to be total in 14 children and subtotal in 20, and cyst aspiration/biopsy was performed in 9 cases. Radiation was given as part of the initial therapy in 6 children after subtotal removal and to 8 others after aspiration/biopsy. There was 1 postoperative death. All children with tumors thought to have been removed totally are alive. The 10-year actuarial survival rates are 52% for subtotal removal alone and 87% for subtotal removal plus radiation. Tumors have recurred by 10 years in half of those thought to be totally removed, in more than 90% of those subtotally removed, and in less than 25% of those at risk after subtotal removal and radiation therapy. Tumors recurred in 22 children, and 17 underwent reoperation. Total removal was obtained in 4 cases, and 5 had radiation after subtotal removal. Radiotherapy alone was used in 2 cases. Recurrences usually occurred within 2 years. However, after "total" removal recurrences were quite delayed. Our data indicate that total removal allows excellent survival rates and that some of these children are potentially cured. The attempt at total removal did not inflict a severe hypothalamic or visual burden on these children. Where total removal is not possible, further therapy, either radiation or reoperation, will be required. Radiation dramatically decreased recurrence and improved survival after subtotal removal. PMID- 7133355 TI - Intracranial epidural suppuration: the occult empyema. PMID- 7133356 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea: a complication of therapy for invasive prolactinomas. AB - The majority of invasive prolactinomas can be predicted with a high probability if the preoperative prolactin level is above 2000 ng/ml. As these tumors cannot be extirpated radically, adjunctive radiation therapy is used to improve the results of treatment. On the basis of reports that bromocriptine induces tumor shrinkage and has an antimitotic effect, we combined adjunctive irradiation with bromocriptine therapy in 14 patients who had particularly extensive invasion. Two of these patients developed cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea 3 and 5 months, respectively, after the completion of radiation therapy. In both patients, the fistula was localized in the sellar region and was closed successfully. Rapid tumor shrinkage caused by irradiation combined with bromocriptine therapy may be a factor causing this complication; postoperative rhinorrhea is otherwise extremely rare in our surgical series. We also observed a third patient who did not have an operation, but who developed rhinorrhea after a course of irradiation and bromocriptine treatment. The periods of rhinorrhea coincided with periods of bromocriptine treatment. PMID- 7133357 TI - Brain water accumulation after the central administration of vasopressin. AB - The intraventricular administration of vasopressin or DDAVP (desmopressin acetate) increased the brain water content from 78.2% to 79.2-79.5%. This was achieved without an accompanying water load. The applied water load alone did not increase the water content of the brain. There was no significant difference in the water content of the brain between animals treated with intraventricular vasopressin and intravenous water load and animals receiving only intraventricular vasopressin. The water content of the olfactory bulbs of the control animals was 3.8% higher than that of the hemispheres. While the water content of the hemispheres increased by 1.3%, that of the olfactory bulbs did so by 1.7% subsequent to the intraventricular administration of DDAVP. Measurement of the brain electrolyte content was not conclusive as to the mechanism of water permeability changes. The possible mechanism is discussed. Although no tissue or cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of vasopressin enabling comparison with clinical pathological conditions have been measured, it is suggested that increased secretion of vasopressin into the cerebrospinal fluid in conditions such as subarachnoid hemorrhage or intracranial hypertension of various origins might play a role in edema formation. PMID- 7133359 TI - Penetrating spinal injury by a glass fragment: case report and review. PMID- 7133358 TI - Early management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. AB - The Lund Clinic serves a population of 1.46 million inhabitants. During the calendar year 1981, 72 patients presented with a ruptured supratentorial aneurysm, diagnosed either at angiography or at autopsy. Upon admission, 60% of the patients were in good condition and 40% were in poor condition. Eighty-three per cent were admitted within 72 hours after the subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). In the total series, 50% made a good recovery; the overall management morbidity was 19% and the management mortality was 31%. Thirty-one patients in Grades I-III underwent early operation (43% of the total series), with a favorable outcome in 74% and 7% mortality. Of the 35 patients who were admitted early and in good condition, 71% made a good recovery, and the management mortality was 9%. These figures may be compared to the 51% favorable outcome and 27% mortality reported from the Cooperative Aneurysm Study with late operation. In the early operation cases, the incidence of significant arterial narrowing at postoperative angiography performed on Day 9 +/- 2 after SAH was 30% and the incidence of permanent neurological deficits of delayed onset was 10%. Two of the early operation patients developed permanent symptomatic hydrocephalus. PMID- 7133360 TI - Closure of myelorachischisis defects with reverse latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps. AB - The closure of myelorachischisis defects has been difficult and at times complicated. Over the past 2 decades, the use of rotational advancement flaps has been increasingly popular, but can be attended by instances of skin ischemia and necrosis. The development of the myocutaneous and muscle flap concept has aided reconstructive surgery. Extensive experience with the useful latissimus dorsi flap with and without overlying skin has been obtained for the reconstruction of a variety of truncal defects. We describe the use of bilateral "reverse" latissimus dorsi muscle flaps based on the paraspinal perforators for the closure of myelorachischisis defects in two patients. Coverage was uneventful in both instances. A 2-year follow-up revealed no compromise of upper extremity function due to sacrifice of the latissimus dorsi muscles. We offer an approach to the problem of closure of large myelorachischisis defects: bilateral reverse latissimus dorsi muscle flaps and delayed skin coverage. This approach seems to offer a good muscle layer over the dural closure and to provide long-standing durable coverage without apparent compromise of upper extremity function. PMID- 7133361 TI - Presidential address to the Neurosurgical Society of America, 1982. PMID- 7133362 TI - Surgical indications in single suture craniosynostosis. PMID- 7133364 TI - Selection of patients for extracranial external carotid artery surgery and extracranial-intracranial bypass. PMID- 7133363 TI - Uniform code of medical professional liability in malpractice reform. PMID- 7133365 TI - Hysteric reactive psychoses: a follow-up. PMID- 7133366 TI - Suicide and depression in the male part of the Lundby study. Changes over time during a 25-year observation period. AB - In the Lundby study, 3,563 persons from a geographically delimited area in Sweden have been examined by psychiatrists on repeated occasions during a 25-year period. Mental disorders, personality traits, social factors, etc., have been recorded. Great efforts have been made to get sufficient outside information about the living as well as the deceased. During the observation period 28 persons, 23 men and 5 women, committed suicide. More than half of the suicide individuals had had a depressive disorder. The male part of the cohort has been studied concerning changes over time of prevalence of depression and age standardized rates of completed suicide. When the first 10-year period 1947-1957 was compared with the last 15-year period 1957-1972, the prevalence of depression was found to have increased over time, while the suicide rates had decreased among men in the Lundby cohort. PMID- 7133367 TI - Mortality in the Lundby study. Natural death in different forms of mental disorder in a total population investigated during a 25-year period. AB - There is an increased mortality among persons who are or who have been under psychiatric care. In any normal population many individuals suffer from mental disorders without coming into contact with psychiatric services, and our knowledge of the mortality pattern of these groups is limited. The Lundby cohort comprises 3,563 persons from a total population, followed concerning mental disorders during 15 and 25 years. In the present study we have investigated the mortality from nonviolent, natural causes among persons in the Lundby cohort with a history of mental disorders, irrespective of contact with psychiatrists or other physicians. The relative death rate from natural causes compared with the standard population was found to be 1.5 among men and 1.2 among women with backgrounds of mental disorders. Neurotics had no excess mortality in this study. PMID- 7133368 TI - Exchange mechanism of tyrosine between plasma and red blood cells in normal subjects and psychiatric patients. AB - The saturable mechanism of tyrosine (TYR) uptake by the membrane of red blood cells incubated at 37 degrees C has been studied in normal subjects and psychiatric patients. This uptake is markedly inhibited by incubation at 0 degree C, and weakly inhibited by iodoacetic acid and ouabain. The uptake of TYR is significantly lower in unipolar- and bipolar-depressed patients, and significantly higher in schizophrenics compared to normal controls. These results indicate a possible disturbance of functional capacity of membrane transport in some psychiatric diseases. PMID- 7133369 TI - Effects of adrenaline administration on platelet MAO of anxious and normal subjects. PMID- 7133370 TI - Cimetidine-induced mania. PMID- 7133371 TI - Simultaneous study of 24-hour patterns of melatonin and cortisol secretion in depressed patients. AB - The temporal organization of melatonin and cortisol secretion were studied in depressed patients in order to investigate a possible relationship between the secretory patterns of the two hormones. Women who suffered from a primary affective disorder were studied twice as inpatients, the first time during the depressive episode and the second time after amitriptyline treatment and clinical recovery. During both 24-hour studies blood was collected at 1-hour intervals during the day and at 30-min intervals at night. A dissociation of melatonin and cortisol secretory patterns was observed in the 3 patients in whom the two hormones were determined simultaneously. 2 patients exhibited alterations in the circadian rhythm of both hormones during illness. After recovery, however, the melatonin rhythm remained altered but the cortisol rhythm was normalized. Another patient showed a nocturnal melatonin rise and day-night melatonin differences closer to those seen in normal subjects, but she had altered cortisol secretory patterns during depression which normalized after recovery. These results suggest that the melatonin and cortisol rhythms are controlled by different mechanisms. PMID- 7133372 TI - Violent death and mental disorders in the Lundby Study. Accidents and suicides in a total population during a 25-year period. AB - The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between mental disorders and death from suicide and accident. The violent death group was drawn from a prospective psychiatric cohort study of 3,563 persons followed during 25 years (the Lundby Study). The deceased persons in the cohort had all been examined by psychiatrists on one or two occasions during their lives. Among men with a background of mental disorders, the age-standardized suicide rate was found to be about 4 times higher and the age-standardized accident rate about 2 1/2 times higher than that of the standard male population. When the immediate circumstances around the unnatural deaths were studied, mental as well as somatic disorders were found to have been present at the time of death in a high proportion of the cases. Neoplasms were found in 3 of the 28 suicide persons. PMID- 7133373 TI - Genetic vulnerability for depression and life events. AB - In the last decades there has been an increased interest in studies of life events and depression. Although evidence has accumulated suggesting that life events might be relevant for the occurrence and development of depression, their pathogenic role is still poorly understood. In the present study, we have investigated whether a possible interaction exists between external events and biological vulnerability for depression. On the basis of an intensive family study, 128 depressed patients, consecutively admitted to the department of psychiatry of Umea University Hospital have been divided into 2 groups, those suffering from 'depression pure disease' (i.e. those with a family loading for affective disorders, n = 48) and, those suffering from 'depression sporadic disease' (i.e. those without any heredity for affective disorders, n = 80) according to Winokur's classification. The occurrence of life events has been assessed in each patient by means of a semistructured interview. The mean number of events experienced by the patients in the two groups proved to be similar during the different time periods taken into account, and the mean number of events per patient was similar to that found by other authors who studied life events and depression. None of the categorizations used to group the life events discriminated between the groups. It is concluded from this study that genetic vulnerability for depression does not enhance an individual's vulnerability for stressful events. PMID- 7133374 TI - Action of lysine-vasopressin on human electroencephalographic activity. Night sleep pattern, auditory evoked potential, contingent negative variation. AB - This study is an investigation of the central effects of vasopressin in man, as this hormone proved able to modify learning processes in animals and was applied successfully to post-traumatic, amnesic patients. Electrophysiological techniques were used to assess the effects of lysine-vasopressin (LVP) given by nasal spray (7 and 14 IU) on night sleep pattern (12 subjects), auditory evoked potentials (AEP; 26 subjects), and contingent negative variation (CNV; 26 subjects). Night sleep EEG was not modified to a great extent: in particular REM sleep did not undergo any change after LVP. Nor were AEPs modified, either in the 6-hour period following drug administration or 1 week after; CNV, however, reacted in a significant manner 6 h after drug intake, and the modifications were still present after 1 week. LVP did not affect CNV amplitude itself but its evolution through time, as CNV habituation was prevented. Such effects are discussed with regard to the neurochemical mechanisms of vasopressin action and CNV genesis. PMID- 7133375 TI - Neuroendocrinological and clinical data upon trazodone treatment in depressed patients. AB - Prolactin and somatotropin secretory rhythmicity was studied in 7 inhibited depression male patients, evaluated by the Hamilton Rating Scale for depression, before and after trazodone (400 mg i.v. once daily) treatment. The mean 24-hour hormone levels of the patients were comparable to the controls. Trazodone enhances the prolactin value, increasing chiefly the titres during sleep which were lower in respect to controls before treatment. The drug decreases the mean 24-hour somatotropin levels, mainly the values during sleep. A serotoninergic effect is possibly involved. An improvement of mood has been observed in all cases. PMID- 7133376 TI - Assay of human erythrocyte catechol-o-methyltransferase activity with naturally occurring catecholamines as substrates. AB - This report describes a simple and sensitive radiometric assay for catechol-o methyltransferase activity in human erythrocytes and other tissues. Saturating concentrations of the endogenous catecholamines and S-adenosylmethionine are used under optimum assay conditions. Erythrocyte catechol-o-methyltransferase activity is also dependent on storage conditions, as activity was lost at -20 degrees C but not at -80 degrees C. PMID- 7133377 TI - Mouth asymmetry during spontaneous speech. AB - A high proportion of normal subjects have speech expression controlled predominantly by the left hemisphere. Since the left hemisphere also has stronger control of the right side of the lower face, it might be expected that normal subjects would show a right-sided asymmetry in mouth opening during speech. This hypothesis was tested by measuring lip opening in 196 subjects. Of these, 150 (76%) showed greater right-side opening. This tendency was found for males, females, left- and right-handers in four experiments using two different techniques. Mouth asymmetry during speech may provide an indication of which hemisphere is dominant for expressive speech. PMID- 7133378 TI - Speech lateralization assessed by concurrent task performance. AB - A sequential button pressing task using either the left or the right hand while concurrently performing a speech task was investigated. Subjects with left hemisphere speech representation, determined by a dichotic monitoring task showed a lateralized practice effect: left-hand performance improved with practice during the speech task, but right-handed performance did not. Subjects with right hemisphere speech representation showed disruption of either hand with concurrent speech, and no lateralized practice effect. The results from this study suggest the mechanisms mediating speech perception and speech production may not always be concordantly lateralized. A discriminant analysis of the data showed that 93% of subjects could be correctly classified according to side of representation of speech perception given the performance measures on the concurrent tasks. PMID- 7133379 TI - Language in the absence of inner speech. AB - A 54-year-old man abruptly became mute with mild right hemiparesis. Written expression, comprehension of speech and print, calculating ability, and verbal short-term recall, although slow, were largely preserved. Extensive studies demonstrated complete loss of inner speech. He was unable to speak to himself and unable to appreciate the phonological structure of words. Instead, his preserved language skills were based on a highly developed visual imagery. This case greatly extends the range of language skills previously thought possible in individuals who suffer the loss of inner speech. PMID- 7133380 TI - Hemispheric differences in the neural processing of stimulus location and type: effects of selective attention on visual evoked potentials. AB - Hemispheric differences in a negative brain potential associated with selectively attending the location and type of stimulation were investigated. The earlier portion of this negativity (between 125 and 222 msec after stimulation) was associated with attending the location of the stimulus. It was symmetrical in the central scalp regions but was greater in the hemisphere contralateral to the attended visual field in the posterior scalp region. The latter portion of this negativity (from 222 to 272 msec after stimulation) primarily was associated wih attending one of the different types of stimuli presented at a given location and was greater over the left posterior regions of the scalp. These results were interpreted in relationship to the time-course of different types of information processing in the left and right hemisphere. PMID- 7133381 TI - The effect of change in a stimulus sequence on P300. AB - In past studies, the P300 amplitude of the ERP has been found to be enhanced for infrequent, unpredictable and/or task-relevant eliciting events. A fourth factor, namely the physical change between two consecutive stimuli in event sequences used, has often been confounded with frequency, predictability and relevance. The current study examined whether change also increases the P300 amplitude. Fourteen adults viewed sequences of slides in which predictability, task (counting) and change varied within subject. ERP was recorded at Cz, Pz, Oz and Fz. P300 amplitudes were significantly larger: (1) for unpredictable than for predictable events, (2) for counted than for non-counted stimuli, and (3) for stimulus change rather than no stimulus change. The change effect interacting with counting suggested that P300 amplitude may be particularly increased by stimulus changes imbedded within only certain cognitive tasks. PMID- 7133382 TI - Interference of concomitant tasks on simple reaction time: attentional and motor factors. AB - Simple reaction times to lateralized unstructured visual stimuli were measured in normal subjects while they were carrying out concomitant left hemisphere tasks. Three tasks were used. In the first task the subjects had to pay attention to strings of digits, acoustically presented, and detect letters randomly interspersed among the digits; in the second task the subjects had to memorize strings of acoustically presented digits; in the third task they had to repeat each digit of a string as soon as they heard it. In spite of the greater difficulty of the first two tasks with respect to the third one, only this last task, the only one requiring a verbo-motor response, produced a significant disadvantage for the left hemisphere responses to light. It is argued that in RT experiments a specific left hemisphere interference takes place when the secondary task requires the organization of a motor response PMID- 7133383 TI - Dichotic lateral asymmetry: the effects of grammatical structure and telephone usage. AB - No confirmation could be obtained that the magnitude of the dichotic REA for speech is affected by whether the stimuli are syntactically structured. Recall order was controlled in Experiment 1 by cueing one ear immediately after a dichotic stimulus; in Experiment 2 by cueing before a stimulus. The subject's reported ear preference for telephone usage was correlated with his ear difference in the first experiment but not in the second. Perhaps telephone usage causes an attentional bias (for speech) to one or other ear, more often to the right; which is over-ridden by the precued instruction to attend to a particular ear. PMID- 7133384 TI - Reaction-times of normal subjects to monaurally presented verbal and tonal stimuli. AB - Sixteen right-handed subjects responded to monaurally presented verbal and tonal stimuli with their right and left hands at separate times. Subjects' reaction times to speech were significantly faster when they heard words in their right ears, while their reaction-times to tones proved significantly faster after left ear stimulations. Reaction-times to speech were significantly faster when subjects responded with their right hands, but after tonal stimulation. Left handed responses were significantly faster. These results were interpreted as demonstrating consistent laterality effects--the faster response occurring after intrahemispheric processing. Furthermore, the interactions between ear stimulated and hand of response were suggestive of minor hemisphere processing. PMID- 7133385 TI - Visual perceptual deficits in clumsy children. AB - In a previous study clumsy children were found to be impaired in their ability to match the length of successively presented straight lines, and the ability to perform this task correlated with their degree of motor impairment [3]. The present experiments explore two possible explanations for this pattern of results. One possibility is that this earlier result tapped a memory deficit in the clumsy children. The first experiment shows that the clumsy children still experience difficulties in matching the length of a line to a second line which is simultaneously present. This suggests the difficulty is one of perception and not memory. The second experiment explores whether faulty perception of length in the clumsy children is related to eye movement problems. No support for this idea was found; with tachistoscopic presentations at durations which exclude subjects making eye movements the clumsy children are still clearly impaired in judging the length of lines. PMID- 7133387 TI - Braille reading and left and right hemispace. AB - Twelve blind adults were timed in locating phonologically and semantically defined targets in Braille lists. The "reading" hand was placed either out from or across the body, i.e. in ipsilateral or contralateral hemispace. Despite strong and consistent, if idiosyncratic, hand superiorities for all types of list, contrary to two previous reports there was no evidence of either a general left-hand preference or an overall left-hand superiority. Moreover neither the magnitude nor the direction of hand superiorities changed when hands were tested in contralateral hemispace. At least this complex continuous task, hemisphere hand connections appear more important than hemisphere-hemispace relationships. Left-hand (or left-hemispace) superiorities in tactual tasks of a verbal nature may only occur with novel, unfamiliar or perceptually degraded materials. PMID- 7133386 TI - Information processing deficits in hydrocephalic and letter reversal children. AB - Hydrocephalic, letter reversal and normal children were tested with a tactile matching-to-sample task, a tachistoscopic matching-to-sample task, and a dichotic listening paradigm. For hydrocephalics, intrahemispheric as well as interhemispheric errors occurred; the partial callosal hypothesis was not supported. Letter reversal children demonstrated an interhemispheric deficit only in tactile performance. PMID- 7133388 TI - Dissociation of ear preference in monaural word and voice recognition. AB - The ambiguity in the literature concerning cerebral dominance for voice recognition, has been investigated with a monaural go-no go task, using male and female voices. A left ear advantage for the male, and a right ear advantage for the female voice was found, suggesting that both hemispheres can perform voice recognition. A monaural word recognition test showed the expected left hemisphere dominance. PMID- 7133389 TI - Lateral eye movements and the recall of spatial information in a familiar, large scale environment. AB - The relationship between cerebral asymmetry and memory for locations in a familial large-scale environment was examined. Subjects were classified as showing a preference for right or left hemisphere processing on the basis of the direction of their lateral eye movements. Knowledge of the locations of 10 landmarks in a familial large-scale space was assessed. No differences were found between right and left movers. It was concluded that memory for the location of landmarks in a familiar large-scale space is processed equally effectively by those who prefer to process information with the right or left hemisphere. PMID- 7133390 TI - Normal CT anatomy of the spine. Anatomo-radiological correlations. AB - To analyse the anatomo-radiological correlation of the spine and spinal cord, 22 formalized, frozen anatomical specimens corresponding to different regions of the spinal column (8 cervical, 5 dorsal, and 9 lumbar) were studied by CT scans on axial, sagittal and coronal planes and by contact radiography after they were cut into anatomical slices in order to clarify the normal CT anatomy of the spinal column. The results obtained from CT patient scans, performed exclusively on the axial plane, were compared with those obtained from the anatomical specimens (both CT and contrast radiography). High resolution CT programs were used, enabling us to obtain better individualization of the normal structures contained in the spinal column. Direct sagittal and coronal sections were performed on the specimens in order to get further anatomo-radiological information. Enhanced CT studies of the specimens were also available because of the air already present in the subarachnoid spaces. Excellent visualization was obtained of bone structures, soft tissue and the spinal cord. High CT resolution of the spine appears to be an excellent neuroradiological procedure to study the spine and spinal cord. A metrizamide CT scan is, however, necessary when a normal unenhanced CT scan is insufficient for diagnosis and when the spinal cord is not clearly visible, as often happens at the cervical level. Clinical findings are certainly very useful to ascertain the exact CT level and to limit the radiation exposure. PMID- 7133391 TI - Neuroradiological treatment of carotid and vertebral fistulas and intracavernous aneurysms. Technical problems and results. AB - Thirty-three patients have been treated with balloon catheters since 1978. Debrun's detachable balloons were used in 31 and a Fogarty catheter in the other two. Problems were encountered from the introduction of the catheter to the detachment of the balloon. We have treated 21 fistulas between the internal carotid and cavernous sinus, 3 fistulas between the external carotid and jugular vein, 2 mixed fistulas between internal and external carotid and cavernous sinus, 2 vertebral fistulas and 5 intracavernous aneurysms. Delayed angiographic control has shown that the arterial axis remained patent in a high percentage of cases and that the formation of an asymptomatic pseudo-aneurysmal sac within the cavernous sinus is the rule. Long-term clinical follow-up has confirmed the angiographic results. In two patients neurological complications led to the patients' death. PMID- 7133392 TI - Computed tomography in dystrophia myotonica. AB - The calves and thighs of ten patients with dystrophia myotonica and four normal controls were studied by CT. The morphology of the anterior and posterior muscle groups of the calf and the extensor, flexor and adductor groups of the thigh were studied and their attenuation values analysed. Clinical measurement of muscle force was compared with attenuation values in each muscle group. The principal morphological change observed in diseased muscle was fatty infiltration. The amount of fatty infiltration in the calf muscles paralleled the severity of clinically apparent disease. However, in the thigh, fatty infiltration was observed in the extensors of three of the five patients who clinically had involvement of calf muscles alone. Detailed analysis of attenuation values was no better in detecting diseased muscle except of the adductor group of the thigh in those patients with both proximal and distal lower limb involvement. Comparison between muscle force and attenuation values showed a significant correlation in only the anterior muscle group of the calf in the normal controls and in those patients with clinically apparent disease of the calf muscles alone. PMID- 7133393 TI - Adrenoleukodystrophy--its diverse CT appearances and an evolutive or phenotypic variant: the leukodystrophy without adrenal insufficiency. AB - The CT appearance of adrenoleukodystrophy is discussed on the basis of 16 personal observations and a review of the literature. CT appearance was typical in 10 of the 16 cases, atypical but suggestive of adrenoleukodystrophy in four cases, and misleading in two cases. Atypical CT presentations were most often observed at an early phase of the disease and included unilateral lesions or lesions without opacification at the periphery of the edemalike areas after contrast enhancement. In three cases, neurological signs, CT scans, and conjunctival and skin biopsies were highly suggestive of adrenoleukodystrophy, but there was no adrenal insufficiency. These cases may correspond to an evolutive or phenotypic variant of adrenoleukodystrophy. PMID- 7133394 TI - Lateral C1-C2 puncture: a technique to reduce adverse reactions in metrizamide sellar cisternography. AB - Fifteen metrizamide sellar cisternograms performed with lateral C1-C2 puncture are presented. The technique is explained and adverse reactions are compared with those reported in cisternograms performed with lumbar injection. Attention is drawn to the simplicity of the method, the small amount of contrast medium required and the few and mild adverse reactions. PMID- 7133395 TI - Occipitalization of the ventral part and vertebralization of the dorsal part of the atlas with insufficiency of the transverse ligament. PMID- 7133396 TI - Contrast enhancement around a prolapsed disk. AB - Five patients with herniated intervertebral disk had undergone a preoperative CT examination with intravenous contrast medium. In 2 cases, intense enhancement was seen around the prolapsed disk. In 1 case, there was an arachnoideal thickening over the herniation, but in the other case, nothing unusual was found around the prolapse at operation. The etiology of the phenomenon is discussed. PMID- 7133397 TI - Non-neoplastic gliotic cerebellar cysts: clinical and computed tomographic correlations. PMID- 7133399 TI - Aneurysms of persistent trigeminal arteries. Report of two cases. PMID- 7133398 TI - Percutaneous puncture of spinal cysts in the diagnosis and therapy of syringomyelia and cystic tumors. AB - The experience with percutaneous puncture of intraspinal cystic lesions is reported in four cases: an extradural cyst demonstrated with air, a spinal cord tumor with lipiodol and two cases of syringomyelia with metrizamide. Percutaneous puncture of cystic lesions makes possible an accurate delineation of the lesion and a histological approach through biochemical and cytological analysis of the aspirated cystic fluid, while aspiration of the fluid of cystic tumors decompresses the spinal cord and thus plays a therapeutic role. PMID- 7133400 TI - Thoracic vertebral artery. An anomaly of the vertebral artery. PMID- 7133401 TI - Posterior lateral choroidal artery in antero-posterior angiographic projection. AB - Opacification of the lateral posterior choroidal artery in antero-posterior projections was analysed in 282 left-sided brachial angiograms. In 40.5% of cases the artery was sufficiently opacified to evaluate its course. The authors report the time intervals for filling of the artery in normal angiograms. The pattern described may serve as a basis for the evaluation of the displacement of the lateral posterior choroidal artery by midline tumours. PMID- 7133402 TI - Growth and target finding by axons of the corticospinal tract in prenatal and postnatal rats. PMID- 7133403 TI - Ipsilateral visual field represented in the cat's visual cortex. AB - Responses to visual stimulation were recorded in cells from the border region between cortical areas 17 and 18 in anaesthetized cats. There was found to be a band of ipsilateral representation, the cells of which had rather large receptive fields centered up to 8-12 degrees into the ipsilateral hemifield. The edges of the receptive fields extended 2-3 degrees still further ipsilaterally. The cortical region involved is very small, however, stretching 0.2-1.0 mm mediolaterally, and possibly restricted largely to layers II and III. Hence, in cats, as in sheep and hamsters, there is a band about 20 degrees wide of visual field along the naso-temporal division that is represented in the visual cortices of both hemispheres. PMID- 7133404 TI - Cerebellar macroneurons in microexplant cell culture: ultrastructural morphology. AB - Microexplant cell cultures of fetal rat cerebellum contain essentially monolayer networks of Purkinje cells, occasional granule cells and neurons from the deep nuclei. The neurons and occasional filament-packed glial cells develop on top of a sheet of flattened, non-neuronal cells. In the absence of extrinsic input to the cerebellum and greatly reduced numbers of granule cells, the Purkinje cells develop a stunted and non-oriented dendritic arbor similar to that observed in agranular cerebella. The Purkinje cell dendritic branches, however, are spine covered. Although the spines are not enveloped by glia and are only rarely contacted by a presynaptic bouton, most spines display a patch of electron-dense material resembling a postsynaptic membrane specialization. The Purkinje cells develop synaptic interactions among themselves and with granule cells. The ultrastructural morphology of boutons derived from both Purkinje cells and large neurons of the deep nuclei, identified after intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase, is consistent with that observed in vivo. The present study indicates that cerebellar Purkinje cells survive and differentiate in a culture system in which individual neurons are accessible for electrophysiological and morphological analyses. PMID- 7133405 TI - The globus pallidus and its rostroventral extension into the olfactory tubercle of the rat: a cyto- and chemoarchitectural study. AB - The globus pallidus is characterized by a high iron content and the distribution of the ferric iron in the rat brain provides evidence that globus pallidus extends rostroventrally below the anterior commissure and into the olfactory tubercle. The extension of the globus pallidus into the olfactory tubercle is consistent with the notion of the ventral striatum,14 in the sense that it provides for an expected close proximity between the striatum and the globus pallidus throughout the dorsoventral extent of the corpus striatum. The distribution of enkephalin, and of acetylcholinesterase- and succinate dehydrogenase-positive neurons is also consistent with an extension of the ventral part of globus pallidus to the base of the forebrain in the rat. Since part of the ventral pallidum corresponds to a region that is usually referred to as the subcommissural part of the substantia innominata, it seems reasonable to restrict the term substantia innominata to the more caudally-located sublenticular part of the substantia innominata. PMID- 7133406 TI - Interpositus nucleus influences on pyramidal tract neurons in the cat. AB - The influences of the interpositus nucleus on pyramidal tract neurons were investigated by stimulating, in unanesthetized cats, interpositus nucleus foci which activated single muscles in limbs, while recording unitary discharges of pyramidal tract neurons located in foci (area 4 gamma) from which contraction was obtained in the same muscles as those excited from interpositus nucleus (agonist pyramidal tract neurons), in their antagonist (antagonist pyramidal tract neurons), or in heteronymous muscles (heteronymous pyramidal tract neurons). It was found that agonist pyramidal tract neurons were inhibited from the interpositus nucleus, whereas antagonist pyramidal tract neurons displayed a pure excitatory or an excitatory-inhibitory pattern, and the heteronymous neurons were not significantly influenced. A direct activation of interposito-thalamic efferents could be responsible for these effects. In fact, unitary discharge changes of pyramidal tract neurons, elicited from interpositus nucleus stimulation, persisted after chronic intermediate cortex ablation and dentate nucleus lesions, and disappeared following coagulations in the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus. These results suggest that interpositus nucleus efferents, which activate a given muscle, via the rubrospinal pathway, could inhibit the discharge of pyramidal neurons controlling that muscle, via collaterals direct to the thalamic ventrolateral nucleus. PMID- 7133407 TI - Pharmacological characteristics of facilitation of hippocampal population spikes by cholinomimetics. AB - In rats under urethane anaesthesia, various cholinomimetics, acetylcholine antagonists and other agents were released iontophoretically in the pyramidal layer of area CA1. Like acetylcholine, a variety of cholinomimetics readily enhanced population spikes evoked by fimbrial-commissural stimulation. Judging by the equipotent iontophoretic currents, the strongest muscarinic agonist was muscarine. Other potent agonists included carbachol, methacholine, propionylcholine, bethanechol and the much slower-acting arecoline, pilocarpine and oxotremorine. Choline was about 5 times weaker than acetylcholine. Though not as effective as acetylcholine, some nicotinic agonists also consistently enhanced population spikes, particularly dimethylphenylpiperazinium and acetylthiocholine. Other nicotinic agents, such as butyrylcholine, nicotine and tetramethylammonium were much less active. Both scopolamine and atropine, given systematically in high doses (10-80 mg/kg), strongly depressed or abolished the action of muscarinic agonists, but to a lesser and more variable extent the action of ACh. They did not antagonize dimethylphenylpiperazinium. When applied iontophoretically, alpha-bungarotoxin, tubocurarine or mecamylamine did not block the action of any of the cholinomimetics. Indeed, in higher doses they tended to promote population spikes (a comparable enhancement was also seen with larger iontophoretic doses of atropine or scopolamine). On the other hand, gallamine and dihydro-beta-erythroidine antagonized muscarine but not dimethylphenylpiperazinium; a less selective block of cholinomimetics was produced by suxamethonium. It was concluded that both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors (or receptors with mixed properties) appear to be involved in the facilitatory action of acetylcholine on population spikes evoked by fimbrial commissural stimulation. PMID- 7133409 TI - [Basal and exercise electrocardiograms in mitral valve prolapse]. PMID- 7133408 TI - Single unit analysis of the posteroventral cochlear nucleus of the decerebrate cat. AB - Single unit recordings were obtained in the cochlear nuclear complex of the unanesthetized, decerebrate cat. Sixty-six of 282 units were localized to the posteroventral cochlear nucleus, 17 from the multipolar cell area and 49 from the octopus cell area. Spontaneous rates ranged from less than 1 to 75 spikes per second in the multipolar cell area and from less than 1 to 135 spikes per second in the octopus cell area. Poststimulus time histograms revealed four response types, at the best frequency, in the posteroventral cochlear nucleus. These responses were: (1) primary-like (maximum response shortly after the stimulus onset, followed by a reduction in activity to a steady state); (2) chopper (similar to primary-like but with multiple peaks in the first 10-15 milliseconds); (3) onset-ex (onset response followed by a low level of excitation); and (4) onset-in (onset response followed by inhibition). The onset in responses represented the first observations of inhibition, at best frequency, for onset units in the mammalian cochlear nuclear complex. Analysis of interspike interval distributions showed that both spontaneous and driven activity consisted of irregular intervals for all four response types. Activity-intensity functions for primary-like, chopper and onset-ex units showed monotonic increases with increases in stimulus intensity. Activity-intensity functions for onset-in units were non-monotonic. Latency-intensity functions for primary-like, chopper and onset-ex units exhibited monotonic decreases with increases in intensity. Latency intensity functions for onset-in units were non-monotonic. In contrast to primary like, chopper and onset-ex units, onset-in units do not retain the intensity and temporal information coded in the eighth nerve, as least for stimuli above 2 kilohertz. It is hypothesized that a depolarization block, caused by the massive eighth nerve input to octopus cells, is responsible for the inhibition observed from onset-in units. PMID- 7133410 TI - [The hemisectorial role of the vagus nerve in migratory sinus arrhythmia with atrioventricular conduction disorder]. PMID- 7133411 TI - [The electrocardiogram after left ventricular aneurysmectomy. Study of patients with post-infarction aneurysm]. PMID- 7133412 TI - [Hancock's bioprosthesis in the aortic position. Echocardiographic evaluation]. PMID- 7133413 TI - [Thrombosis of the Bjork-Shiley aortic valve prosthesis. Clinical and therapeutic aspects]. PMID- 7133414 TI - [Behavior of heart rate and systolic arterial pressure during intermittent isometric contraction]. PMID- 7133415 TI - [Doppler ultrasonography in the diagnosis of arteriopathies of the lower limbs]. PMID- 7133416 TI - [Ultrasonic arteriography with Doppler effect and chromatic analysis of flow rates (Echoflow) in the diagnosis of arteriopathies of the superficial vessels and postoperative controls. Examination method and experience in 142 cases]. PMID- 7133417 TI - [Therapeutic effects of hydroquinidine in atrial fibrillation]. PMID- 7133418 TI - [Comparison of 2 groups of patients with ischemic cardiopathy treated with droprenylamine and prenylamine]. PMID- 7133419 TI - [Behavior of heart rate and systolic arterial pressure during isometric exercise after administration of salbutamol, dilazep, indomethacin and a placebo]. PMID- 7133420 TI - [Late reoperations for re-obstruction or infection in aorto-iliac and femoro popliteal obliterating arteriopathies. 10 years of personal experience]. PMID- 7133421 TI - [Platelet aggregation in obliterating arteriopathies of the lower limbs. Preliminary findings]. PMID- 7133422 TI - [Treatment of aorto-caval fistulas caused by rupture of an aneurysm of the subrenal abdominal aorta]. PMID- 7133423 TI - [Phlebomanometry in post-thrombophlebitic syndromes]. PMID- 7133424 TI - [Conservative open-heart surgery of the mitral valve. Technic and results]. PMID- 7133426 TI - [Low doses of methyldopa in the treatment of mild essential arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7133425 TI - [Treatment of essential arterial hypertension with the fixed-dose combination of atenolol and chlorthalidone (Tenoretic) in a single daily administration]. PMID- 7133427 TI - [Evaluation of the antihypertensive effectiveness of the atenolol-chlorthalidone combination (Tenoretic)]. PMID- 7133428 TI - [Evaluation of a long-acting hydroquinidine preparation]. PMID- 7133429 TI - [Doppler ultrasonography in phlebology]. PMID- 7133430 TI - [Preoperative hemodilution with autotransfusion in vascular surgery. Analysis of several clinical parameters]. PMID- 7133431 TI - [Levels of anesthetic gas contamination in operating rooms]. PMID- 7133433 TI - [Althesin in labor]. PMID- 7133432 TI - [Anesthesia for the day hospital. Possibilities and limitations of TNS anesthesia in eye surgery]. PMID- 7133434 TI - [Sepsis in resuscitation. Incidence, epidemiology and prevention]. PMID- 7133435 TI - [Possibilities of preventing metabolic acidosis during operations using extracorporeal circulation]. PMID- 7133436 TI - [Combination of continuous peridural anesthesia and ketamine in intravenous drip for vascular surgical operations]. PMID- 7133437 TI - [Anesthesia problems in the surgery of tracheal stenosis]. PMID- 7133438 TI - [Use of the combination of stellate ganglion block and general anesthesia in the preparation of arteriovenous shunts in chronic uremic patients]. PMID- 7133439 TI - [Anesthesia problems in the orthopedic surgical treatment of children with infantile cerebral palsy]. PMID- 7133440 TI - [Use of althesin as a single anesthetic agent in open eye surgery]. PMID- 7133441 TI - [The internal jugular vein: a safe approach to the central venous system in open heart surgery]. PMID- 7133442 TI - [Syndrome of post-traumatic pulmonary fat embolism. Clinical case]. PMID- 7133443 TI - [Intractable pain after laryngectomy for laryngeal carcinoma. Clinical experience]. PMID- 7133444 TI - [The operating room explosion at the Parma Hospital (13 November 1979)]. PMID- 7133445 TI - [Combination of sympathetic block and photothermography in vascular diagnosis]. PMID- 7133446 TI - [Protective anesthesiological methods in surgery of the supra-aortic trunks]. PMID- 7133447 TI - [Unusual method of administration of copper salts in a suicide]. PMID- 7133448 TI - [Epidemiological study of patients in coma hospitalized in 4 hospitals of Liguria]. PMID- 7133449 TI - [Post-anesthetic recollections and dreams: comparison of 3 technics of balanced anesthesia]. PMID- 7133450 TI - [Prolonged central venous catheterization in intensive therapy and resuscitation. Study of bacterial pollution and complications]. PMID- 7133451 TI - [Complications and safety in the use of hyperbaric subarachnoid anesthesia in aged patients]. PMID- 7133452 TI - [121 cases of brachial plexus block via the axillary route]. PMID- 7133453 TI - [Anesthesia in plastic and reconstructive surgery]. PMID- 7133455 TI - [Mucoid impaction of the bronchi simulating a tumor]. PMID- 7133454 TI - [Use of labetalol in anesthesia for microsurgery of the ear in controlled hypotension]. PMID- 7133456 TI - [Rare cause of acute respiratory syndrome in the adult caused by lesional pulmonary edema immediately after orotracheal intubation]. PMID- 7133457 TI - [Atelectasis caused by bilateral interstitial pulmonary edema as a complication of hemorrhagic shock and total pulmonary collapse]. PMID- 7133458 TI - [Atypical metastases of breast carcinoma. An isolated localization in the transverse colon treated with radical surgery]. PMID- 7133459 TI - [Rupture of the left ventricle associated with mitral valve substitution]. PMID- 7133460 TI - [Surgery of Oddi's sphincter: papillo-infundibular divulsion]. PMID- 7133461 TI - [Traumatic hernias of the diaphragm. Review of cases]. PMID- 7133462 TI - [Gastric resection with Roux gastroenteroanastomosis in the surgical treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 7133464 TI - [Suture materials]. PMID- 7133463 TI - [Lymphatico-venous anastomoses with a cannula-needle for treatment of lymphedema of the lower limbs. Technical notes]. PMID- 7133465 TI - [Personal experience in Meckel's diverticulum]. PMID- 7133466 TI - [Traumatic arterial lesions. Considerations of 116 cases]. PMID- 7133467 TI - [Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Description of a case]. PMID- 7133468 TI - [Importance of intestinal pH in the appearance of colo-rectal tumors]. PMID- 7133469 TI - [Evaluation of the effect of prolactin on synthesis of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in rat skin]. PMID- 7133470 TI - [Prognostic factors in right colon cancer]. PMID- 7133471 TI - [The role of digestive endoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of esopho-gastric caustic burns]. PMID- 7133472 TI - [Possible relations between dehiscence of the colorectal anastomosis and local recurrences after anterior resection for cancer of the rectum and sigmoid]. PMID- 7133473 TI - [Intraoperative irradiation in non-radical surgery of abdominal neoplasms]. PMID- 7133474 TI - [Primary segmental megaureter. Anatomo-clinical and therapeutic aspects]. PMID- 7133475 TI - [Rupture of the spleen caused by closed abdominal trauma. Review of 68 surgically treated cases]. PMID- 7133476 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of fistula-in-ano. AB - The operative treatment for anal fistula in 51 patients began with an intra-anal procedure to detect the internal opening. It was located in all cases by operative inspection and the use of a hooked probe. Pre-operatively, the internal opening was identified by digital examination in 98%. All internal openings were located at the dentate line; 68.9% were found in the posterior quadrant. In 14 cases a high extension was found; horseshoeing occurred in 9 cases. The recurrence rate was 4%: in two cases a high extension was missed, but both were cured by a second operation. Anal control was slightly impaired in 10%. PMID- 7133477 TI - Anal manometry, its applications and indications. AB - A manometric system is described to record the anal high-pressure zone. Anal manometry was performed in 77 individuals. It appeared that amplitude at rest is the most suitable variable to assess sphincter strength. Anal manometry is indicated in patients with chronic constipation or faecal incontinence. It may also be applied to postoperative assessment of operative procedures involving sphincter control. PMID- 7133478 TI - The influence of intramedullary nailing on the development of metastases in the treatment of an impending pathologic fracture: an experimental study. AB - An experimental model was developed to study the effects of a pathologic fracture and intramedullary nailing on metastatic spread. The end point used was the production of lung metastases in rats inoculated intracortically with a rat rhabdomyosarcoma. We found that a pathologic fracture markedly increases the incidence of lung metastases and that intramedullary nailing, by decreasing the incidence of fractures, decreases this incidence. The surgical procedure itself does not increase the incidence significantly. It is concluded that in metastatic disease prophylactic nailing of an impending pathologic fracture is the treatment of choice. PMID- 7133479 TI - Atherosclerotic lesions at the bifurcation of the common femoral artery. AB - In 100 corpses of patients over 45-years of age, the bifurcation of the right common femoral artery was resected. Five transverse sections were made of every specimen. The percentage of narrowing due to atherosclerosis was calculated accurately in every section. The investigation revealed that the proximal tract of the superficial femoral artery is not narrowed by atherosclerosis to a significantly higher degree than that portion of the deep femoral artery situated 1 cm distal to the origin of the lateral circumflex femoral artery. Also, in a large number of cases, it proved to be untrue that the origin of the deep femoral artery is narrowed more severely than the more distal tract of this artery. PMID- 7133480 TI - Rupture of an aneurysm of the middle colic artery. PMID- 7133481 TI - Non-occlusive ischaemic colitis. PMID- 7133482 TI - A fatal case of pseudomembranous enterocolitis not associated with the use of antibiotics. PMID- 7133483 TI - [Effect of risk factors on the site and development of stroke]. PMID- 7133484 TI - [Congenital rubella and occupations which expose subjects to a high risk of contagion]. PMID- 7133485 TI - [A case of malignant glaucoma treated by vitrectomy]. PMID- 7133486 TI - [Chronic use of vasodilators in the therapy of congestive cardiac insufficiency]. PMID- 7133488 TI - [Behavior of the blood sugar curve during the menstrual cycle]. PMID- 7133487 TI - [Vascular injuries of the limbs. Contribution of experiences]. PMID- 7133489 TI - [Blood lipids in the diagnosis of viral hepatitis]. PMID- 7133490 TI - [Mass screening for diabetes and goiter in the population of the commune of Urbino]. PMID- 7133491 TI - [Traumatic rupture of the diaphragm with occlusion of polyvisceral herniation]. PMID- 7133492 TI - [Retrospective study on attempted suicides in a decennium. Clinical contribution from the Resuscitation Center]. PMID- 7133493 TI - [The electrocardiogram in pregnancy: electroventricular axis, the ST segment and T wave. Statistico-clinical data]. PMID- 7133494 TI - [Personal studies on ionizing radiotherapy and topical intracavitary corticosteroid treatment of aneurysmatic bone cysts]. PMID- 7133495 TI - [Anatomo-clinical correlations in a case of adrenal ganglioneuroma]. PMID- 7133496 TI - [Epileptic syndromes and brain tumors. Preliminary data]. PMID- 7133497 TI - [Mesenteric cysts. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 7133498 TI - [Hepatoprotective drugs. Clinical results of the use of a sulfhydryl-methylating preparation]. PMID- 7133499 TI - [Epidemiological and clinical aspects of Mycoplasma pneumoniae bronchopneumopathies in the environs of the Marche]. PMID- 7133500 TI - [Importance of active and passive prevention of cancer, arteriosclerosis and senility]. PMID- 7133501 TI - [Environmental cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 7133502 TI - [The possible evaluation of immunity with the DNCB skin test in relation to blast transformation of lymphocytes]. AB - 55 patients with various types of malignant neoplasias at different stages were given DNCB skin tests in the Oncological Department of the S. Paolo Hospital in Savona. Lymphocyte blastisation was evaluated both before and after the skin test. In about 75% of the patients it was observed that DNCB sensitisation increased lymphocyte blastisation capacity independently of the level of reaction to the skin test, the type of neoplasia or the patients' age. Indeed increased blatisation was more noticeable in non-responsive DNCB. The hypothesis is advanced that DNCB has the capacity indirectly to stimulate blastisation by unknown mechanisms. PMID- 7133503 TI - [Acute Candida arthritis. Isolation of Candida krusei in a heroin addict]. AB - Candida arthritis in men is very rare. In most cases Candida albicans is isolated from joints (commonly the knee) of immature infants or of immunodeficient subjects without underlying joint disease; Candida non albicans is isolated from joints of immunodeficient patients with underlying joint disease. A case of Candida arthritis in a heroin addict is described. This is the second report of Candida arthritis in a heroin addict, but it is the first in which Candida krusei has been isolated. PMID- 7133504 TI - [40 cases of multiple sclerosis treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy]. AB - 40 patients affected by Multiple Sclerosis, all in a worsening phase, have been treated with cicles of HBO since 1979. The therapy consists of a first cycle of dayly treatment (5 in a week) for a total of 10-15 sessions (90' at 2 ATA) and subsequently, according to the case, 3-5 sessions every 1-2 months, or 1 monthly treatment. Six cases did not showed improvements; among these, 4 have received adequate treatment, but in 5 cases the clinical picture do not worsen. The resting 34 cases (85%) had remarkable improvements, complete or near total recovery of one or more symptoms after the first cycle or the following treatments. Improvements or recovery of symptoms can be temporary or permanent along the period of observation (from 3 to 33 months). In 8 subjects the improvement were progressive after successive cycles. Cerebellar, sensorial, and sphincterial symptoms are the most susceptible of positive changes. Walking improvements, hand use normalisation and a better bladder control have allowed many patients a very satisfactory recovery of autonomy. PMID- 7133505 TI - [Hyperbaric therapy of multiple sclerosis]. AB - After a review of theories on the aetiopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and the theoretical basis of present day therapy of the disease, the known results of general hyperbaric oxygen treatment are listed. A detailed description of the therapeutic action of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HOT) in multiple sclerosis and the biological theory behind the treatment follows. Finally the results obtained on 1000 patients treated in the 1977-81 period are reported. PMID- 7133506 TI - [Popliteal radionecrosis resolved by hyperbaric oxygenation]. PMID- 7133507 TI - [Considerations on collateral treatments used with hyperbaric oxygenation in the therapy of gas gangrene]. AB - The devastating nature of gas gangrene has in the past necessitated radical surgery to prevent the destructive spread of the disease. The advent of antibiotics only partly reduced the need for radical amputations and distressing multilations. Immediate, extensive surgery has now been reduced to a minimum thanks to Hyperbaric Oxygen which rapidly dominates the toxicity of Clostridium. Experience shows that it is still, unfortunately, necessary to emphasize the futility of certain ill-timed and often exaggeratedly multilating surgical approaches, which have at times utterly nullified the clearly positive results obtained by HOT in three cases of post-traumatic gas gangrene. PMID- 7133508 TI - [Telethermographic evaluation of a case of joint pathology from swimming with fins]. PMID- 7133509 TI - [Use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in a case of inguino-genital gangrene]. AB - A case of inguinogenital gangrene in a 63 years old man is reported. The patient was admitted to the hyperbaric medicine centre in a serious general condition. The use of HOT, antibiotics and selective surgery as treatment of metabolic disturbances effectively improved the patient's general condition, and HOT also proved effective in the treatment of hepatic insufficiency. PMID- 7133510 TI - [Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in radionecrotic lesions]. AB - The Anaesthesia and Recovery Service at the Galeazzi Orthopaedic Centre in Milan has an HOT unit where various cases of necrosis following radiotherapy for neoplasias have been and are still being treated. Some cases of radiodermitis and osteoradionecrosis only cured after HOT treatment are presented. The recovery of the scarring and granulation processes in these cases is attributable to the increased perfusion and above all diffusion of oxygen which activates the heating processes in the hypoxic tissues. An additional advantage of HOT is that patients can be treated in outpatients department (for periods ranging from 25 to 70 days according to the seriousness of the case), thus avoiding long-term hospitalisation and withdrawal from normal working life. PMID- 7133511 TI - [Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the treatment of various orthopedic disorders]. AB - A Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HOT) unit was set up some months ago in the Anaesthesia Service of the Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute in Milan. HOT can be used in a number cases which are not relevant to the present report. In the field of Orthopaedics and Traumatology HOT in isolation or in association has proved useful in the following field: acute and chronic osteomyelitis; infected and non infected pseudoarthroses; slow bone-knitting following limb lengthening or high risk fractures; local oedemas and disturbed scarring. Cases of patients sent to hospitals and Centres specialising in the treatment of all the above pathologies are presented. The results are highly encouraging given the high percentage of cures and the rapidity with which they were obtained. HOT has the added advantage of not requiring long-term hospitalization, since patients can be treated in outpatient departments. PMID- 7133512 TI - [Considerations on the establishment of a computer center for use at hyperbaric medicine centers]. AB - The advantages and prospects deriving from the establishment of a special computer centre to serve hyperbaric medicine centres are described. Improved management of hyperbaric chambers, the availability of a data bank, the assistance to medical biological and bio-engineering research are only some of the fundamental benefits to be derived from such a centre. PMID- 7133513 TI - [First aid in excessive heat loss]. AB - The main physiopathological changes occurring in heat loss and therapeutic warming stages are examined. Excessive heat loss in water is much more frequent than is imagined and effects: Swimmers through cutaneous transpiration and respiration. Sailors and surfers through heat dispersion in water and exposure to air and wind. Deep and Scuba divers due to respiratory mixes as well as heat dispersion. The first aid treatment of heat loss whether mild or severe is then analysed. As far as possible first aid should concentrate on maintaining the cardiorespiratory functions. Heat treatment should be reserved for specially equipped treatment centres. PMID- 7133514 TI - [Hyperbaric oxygen therapy as an aid in the neuromotor rehabilitation case of post-traumatic paraparesis]. PMID- 7133515 TI - [Necrotizing cellulitis caused by mixed bacterial flora (aerobic and anaerobic) treated with hyperbaric oxygenation]. PMID- 7133516 TI - [Amniotic fluid monitoring]. PMID- 7133517 TI - [Amniotic fluid crystallization]. PMID- 7133518 TI - [Response of the Fallopian tubes to in-vivo stimulation with prostaglandins]. PMID- 7133519 TI - [Effectiveness and limitations of antiprolactinemic agents in the treatment of inadequate luteinic phase]. PMID- 7133520 TI - [The Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome with chromosome XO/XX mosaicism (single pelvic kidney)]. PMID- 7133521 TI - [Pregnancy in a rudimentary uterine horn. Asymptomatic development until the 16th week]. PMID- 7133522 TI - [A case of pelvic actinomycosis]. PMID- 7133523 TI - [New therapeutic approach in trichomoniasis: vaccination with Solcotrichovac]. PMID- 7133524 TI - [Use of dipyridamole in the prevention of postoperative thromboembolic complications in gynecologic surgery]. PMID- 7133525 TI - [Toxoplasmosis and pregnancy]. PMID- 7133526 TI - [Criteria for the clinical management of vesicular mole. A polycentric study of 383 cases]. PMID- 7133527 TI - [Uterine adenomyosis. Presentation of 184 cases]. PMID- 7133528 TI - [Breech delivery in the Obstetric and Gynecologic Division of the United Hospitals of Pesaro. Period of 1961-1977]. PMID- 7133529 TI - [Association of rare dysembryogenetic ovarian neoplasia with cervix carcinoma]. PMID- 7133530 TI - [Clinico-pathological study of Brenner tumor. Observation of 9 cases]. PMID- 7133531 TI - [Hemangiopericytoma of the vulva]. PMID- 7133532 TI - [Induction of internal abortion and vesicular mole with intramuscular administration of 15(S)15-methyl-prostaglandin F2alpha]. PMID- 7133534 TI - [Clinical considerations on 20 cases of medically treated tubal sterility]. PMID- 7133533 TI - [Drug treatment of retained abortion, intrauterine death of the fetus and of vesicular mole with 15-ME-PGF2alpha]. PMID- 7133535 TI - [Kymographic utero-tubal insufflation as a diagnostic medium in tubal sterility]. PMID- 7133536 TI - [Lymphography in carcinoma of the corpus uteri. Retrospective study of 51 cases]. PMID- 7133537 TI - [Lincomycin in the treatment of anaerobic infections in obstetric and gynecologic surgery]. PMID- 7133538 TI - [Changes in prolactin in uremic patients under periodic hemodialytic treatment]. PMID- 7133539 TI - [Labetolol in the therapy of secondary arterial hypertension. A polycentric study]. PMID- 7133540 TI - [Hemodialysis in limited care facilities. Contribution of the volunteer services]. PMID- 7133541 TI - [Dialysis and quality of the water]. PMID- 7133542 TI - [A case of hypersiderosis. The long-term iron supplement in uremic patients treated with periodic dialysis]. PMID- 7133543 TI - [Control of sodium exchange in hemofiltration]. PMID- 7133544 TI - [Tubular reabsorption of urea during diuretic therapy]. PMID- 7133545 TI - [Changes in serum profile of medium molecules in patients treated with dialysis for various lengths of time]. PMID- 7133546 TI - Cortico-cortical neurones of somesthetic area SI as studied in the cat with fluorescent retrograde double-labelling. PMID- 7133547 TI - Dichotomizing peripheral fibres revealed by intracellular recording from rat sensory neurones. PMID- 7133548 TI - Comparison of caudate nucleus and substantia nigra control of medial thalamic cell activities in the rat. PMID- 7133549 TI - Voltage noise power spectra reflect ciliary movement frequencies in statocyst hair cells. PMID- 7133550 TI - Recurrent inhibition of motoneurones prior to and during ramp and ballistic movements. PMID- 7133551 TI - Forebrain sites for the hypothermic effect of dexamphetamine in mice. PMID- 7133552 TI - The characteristics of the opioid-related analgesia induced by the stress of swimming in the mouse. PMID- 7133553 TI - Kyotorphin (L-Tyr-L-Arg) inhibits extinction of pole-jumping avoidance response in the rat. PMID- 7133554 TI - Acetylcholine synthesis and glucose oxidation are preserved in human brain obtained shortly after death. PMID- 7133555 TI - Localization of motoneurons innervating the tensor tympani muscles: an horseradish peroxidase study in the guinea pig and cat. AB - Motoneurons innervating the tensor tympani muscle were identified in the adult guinea pig and cat by the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method. After HRP injection into the tensor tympani muscle, HRP-labeled neurons were seen in the regions outside the cytoarchitectonically-defined confines of the trigeminal motor nucleus; in the regions rostral to the rostral pole of the nucleus, as well as in the regions ventral and ventrolateral to the nucleus at the levels of the rostral half (guinea pig) or the rostral two-thirds (cat) of the nucleus. The tensor tympani motoneurons were generally smaller than the masticatory motoneurons. PMID- 7133556 TI - Evidence for separate projections of hippocampal pyramidal and non-pyramidal neurons to different parts of the septum in the rat brain. AB - Large (200 nl) intraseptal injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) resulted in retrograde axonal labeling of both pyramidal and non-pyramidal neurons throughout all septo-temporal levels of the hippocampal formation in the rat brain. Small (50 nl) injections of HRP into the medial septum labeled cells of non-pyramidal shape in the stratum oriens and the stratum radiatum of regio inferior, stratum oriens of regio superior and the hilus of the area dentata. Small (50 nl) injections of HRP restricted to the lateral septum resulted in retrograde labeling of pyramidal cells in regio inferior and regio superior without labeling of non-pyramidal cells. These results suggest a new efferent projection system from the hippocampus consisting of non-pyramidal neurons which innervate the medial septum/diagonal band complex in the rat brain. PMID- 7133557 TI - Termination and cells of origin of the ascending intra-nuclear fibers in the spinal trigeminal nucleus of the cat. A study with the horseradish peroxidase technique. AB - Termination and cells of origin of the ascending intranuclear fibers in the spinal trigeminal nucleus were studied with the anterograde and retrograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP) techniques in the cat. HRP injections into the nucleus caudalis labeled many axons ascending ipsilaterally within the trigeminal spinal nucleus. These fibers gave off collaterals to the nucleus interpolaris and oralis, and the ventral part of the principal sensory nucleus. HRP injections into the principal sensory nucleus labeled ipsilaterally many small neurons in the caudal portion of the nucleus interpolaris and in laminae III and IV of the nucleus caudalis. A few neurons were labeled in laminae I and V. PMID- 7133558 TI - Afferent visual projections in three species of lungless salamanders (family Plethodontidae). AB - Afferent visual projections were demonstrated in three species of plethodontid salamanders by means of anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. On the contralateral side three optic tracts and seven neuropil areas can easily be distinguished, which are similar among the three species examined as well as in European salamandrids. On the ipsilateral side the marginal optic tract shows great diversity. The retinal projections of the latter range from weakly labeled terminal fields restricted to the thalamus to heavily labeled fields covering the entire tectum opticum. PMID- 7133559 TI - Independent systems of orientation columns in upper and lower layers of monkey visual cortex. AB - Using a multi-microelectrode, in 5 animals, orientation tuning was measured simultaneously in 30 closely spaced parallel penetrations perpendicular to the surface of the striate cortex. Actual penetration angles were determined by three dimensional track reconstruction. Above and below layer IVc, two columnar systems were found whose orientation angles were independent. PMID- 7133560 TI - Co-localization of amines and peptides in the same median neurosecretory cells of locusts. PMID- 7133561 TI - Autoradiographic demonstration of binding sites for [3H]desipramine in rat brain. AB - Many of the characteristics of [3H]desipramine ([3H]DMI) binding sites, previously established with brain homogenates, were confirmed in slide-mounted sections of rat forebrain. A 1:1 ratio of specific to non-specific binding was established. The proportion of specifically bound [3H]DMI was reduced in brain sections from rats pretreated with 6-hydroxydopamine but not with 5,6 dihydroxytryptamine. High resolution localization of [3H]DMI binding sites was achieved by exposing the sections to tritium-sensitive film. PMID- 7133562 TI - Spatial mapping: definitive disruption by hippocampal or medial frontal cortical damage in the rat. PMID- 7133563 TI - Respiratory neurons in the region of the retrofacial nucleus: pontile, medullary, spinal and vagal projections. AB - Activities were recorded from single respiratory neurons in the area of the retrofacial nucleus. Stimuli were delivered in the dorsal (DRN) and ventral (VRN) medullary respiratory nuclei, the rostral pons, the cervical spinal cord and the vagus nerve to elicit antidromic potentials for these neurons and, hence, establish their axonal projections. The great majority of the antidromically activated retrofacial inspiratory neurons sent their axons to the contralateral VRN. A majority of expiratory neurons had their axons in the contralateral DRN or in both the DRN and spinal cord. For the phase-spanning neurons, the projections were found mainly in the VRN, spinal cord or pons. PMID- 7133564 TI - Comparison of anterior hypothalamic and preoptic thermosensitive neurons in vitro. AB - Single-unit studies of neurons in anterior hypothalamic (AH) slices and medial preoptic (MPO) slices in vitro isolated from each other revealed that thermosensitive neurons found in both slices have essentially the same properties. Quantitative differences observed were that AH neurons had lower firing rate at neutral temperature and AH warm-sensitive neurons had higher threshold temperature above which the neurons were thermosensitive. Some of AH and MPO warm-sensitive neurons tested did not lose their thermosensitivity in Ca2+-deficient solution. Thus, the primary warm-sensitive neurons having inherent thermosensitivity exist in the AH as well as MPO. PMID- 7133565 TI - Acetylcholinesterase content in both motor nerve and muscle is correlated with twitch properties. AB - The activity and molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were studied in the rat soleus muscle and its nerve, as compared to their fast-twitch counterparts. The soleus muscle and its nerve exhibited both significantly lower AChE activity and less of the G4 (10S) molecular form. In addition, the soleus muscle displayed a specific increase in the A8 (13S) and A4 (8.8S) asymmetric forms, not seen in any of the fast-twitch muscles examined. These results indicate that the AChE content of a muscle and its nerve are linked and depend on the twitch properties, and that the slow-twitch muscle is characterized by a specific set of AChE molecular forms. PMID- 7133566 TI - Microtubules in inner ear hair cells of the snake. PMID- 7133567 TI - High level of tubulin microheterogeneity in the mouse brain. AB - Using a high resolution isoelectric focusing method, we have demonstrated a high level of tubulin heterogeneity in mouse brain: 21 isotubulins were identified. Determination of the apparent molecular weight and analysis of the peptide map of each isotubulin species allowed us to identify 7 alpha and 14 beta tubulin subunits. Furthermore, variations in this tubulin population during brain development were confirmed; in particular, an increase in the number of beta isotubulins was observed at the beginning of the postnatal period. PMID- 7133568 TI - Nutritional factors in lead poisoning. PMID- 7133569 TI - Mixed response to first NP survey. PMID- 7133570 TI - Sexual dysfunction of the male with diabetes mellitus. AB - The literature states that 40 to 60 percent of males with diabetes will at some time become impotent. Nursing awareness and intervention in this problem can make a positive impact on the sexual functioning of males with diabetes. This article supplies suggestions for nursing care of males with diabetes mellitus and autonomic neuropathic impotence. Included is a description of the problem, including incidence, clinical morphology, description of normal male sexual functioning, pathogenesis, differential diagnosis, psychotherapeutic and surgical interventions. Nursing intervention includes a section on counseling by the nurse practitioner. PMID- 7133571 TI - Depression in the school-aged child: implications for primary care. AB - The diagnosis, classification and treatment of depression as a pediatric problem are receiving attention by an increasing number of clinicians and researchers today. Until recently skepticism concerning the emotional ability of a child to experience depressive feelings or illness resulted in a scarcity of research on the topic. A review of literature published in the last two decades reveals that depression can and does exist in children as young as six years. Furthermore, several studies suggest that it is underdiagnosed and underreported in pediatric clinical settings. Current literature provides pediatric practitioners with "at risk" factors and symptoms of childhood depression to aid in casefinding, referral and treatment necessary to promote the emotional well-being of a child. PMID- 7133572 TI - Alcohol abuse in adolescents. AB - The problem of alcohol abuse among teenagers is a major health concern in this nation. The primary care provider's role in prevention, early detection and referral is diversified. This role is tailored in response to the clinician's assessment of his or her target population, the practice setting and the community resources and referral possibilities. Prevention and early detection are primary goals, with the aim of achieving health coping strategies, improving school performance, preventing accidents, increasing meaningful socialization, and preventing serious pathological changes and death as realistic outcomes for adolescents. PMID- 7133574 TI - NPs face different 'reality shock'. PMID- 7133573 TI - Glycosylated hemoglobins. PMID- 7133575 TI - [Preserved dura mater as a universal filling material in scleral surgery for retinal detachment]. PMID- 7133576 TI - [Use of the dura mater in reoperations for retinal detachment]. PMID- 7133578 TI - [Choice of the material for scleral filling in retinal detachment]. PMID- 7133577 TI - [Use of meliterized sclera as filling material in retinal detachment]. PMID- 7133579 TI - [Choice of the filling material in surgery for retinal detachment]. PMID- 7133580 TI - [Comparative evaluation of silicone rubber and autocartilage as filling material in operations for retinal detachment]. PMID- 7133581 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the filling material in the surgical treatment of retinal detachment]. PMID- 7133582 TI - [Comparative evaluation of silicone fillings of cold and hot vulcanization for interventions in retinal detachment]. PMID- 7133583 TI - [Surgical results in retinal detachment and complications in using different filling materials]. PMID- 7133584 TI - [Experience in using silicone rubber in the surgery of retinal detachment]. PMID- 7133585 TI - [Thyrotropic exophthalmos and its pathogenetic treatment]. PMID- 7133586 TI - [Treatment of tapetoretinal dystrophy with an adenosine triphosphoric acid preparation]. PMID- 7133587 TI - [Phototherapy of partial optic atrophy]. PMID- 7133588 TI - [Effect of weakened fusional reserves on refractogenesis in schoolchildren]. PMID- 7133590 TI - [Visual acuity under reduced lighting and during gradual loss of vision in the initial stage of glaucoma]. PMID- 7133589 TI - [Color stress as a method of detecting the focal reaction in endogenous uveitis]. PMID- 7133591 TI - [Classification of keratoconus]. PMID- 7133592 TI - [Pathogenetic study of postoperative corneal astigmatism after cataract extraction]. PMID- 7133593 TI - [Lactate dehydrogenase activity in corneal cells in hypothermic storage]. PMID- 7133594 TI - [Eye changes in exposure to vibration]. PMID- 7133595 TI - [Diversity of the clinico-genetic manifestations of Frank-Kamenetsky's syndrome]. PMID- 7133596 TI - [Case of Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl syndrome]. PMID- 7133597 TI - Distribution of estrogen and progesterone receptors on primary tumor and lymph nodes in individual patients with breast cancer. AB - Primary breast cancer tissue and lymph nodes were obtained from 55 patients, Histologically, 34 of these patients had positive and 21 negative lymph nodes. Estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) were determined by a dextran-coated charcoal assay. The tumor tissue was ER positive in 58% of the cases and PR positive in 34%. The malignant lymph nodes were ER positive in 56% and PR positive in 24%. ER in 14% and PR in 5% of the benign lymph nodes could be detected. The primary tumor tissue and the corresponding malignant lymph nodes showed an identical ER and PR status, i.e. both tumor sites were receptor positive or both receptor negative, in 68 and 74%, respectively. However, 21% of the patients had receptor-positive tumors but receptor-negative lymph nodes. Receptor-positive lymph nodes in combination with receptor-negative tumors occurred in only 11% for ER and 6% for PR. These data show that receptor-positive malignant lymph nodes mostly display the same receptors status as the corresponding primary tumor, whereas receptor-negative lymph nodes may be combined with receptor-positive tumors. PMID- 7133598 TI - Estradiol receptor in human breast cancers throughout the menstrual cycle. AB - The existence and the concentration of the estradiol receptor (ER) in breast cancers of pre- and postmenopausal patients were measured. ER status and concentration are significantly higher in cancers of postmenopausal women. Breast cancers operated at various phases of the menstrual cycle showed remarkable differences in ER incidence and concentration. The highest values were found in the early proliferative phase, whereas the ER incidence is lowest in cancers which were operated at early secretory phase. ER concentrations found in late proliferative and late secretory phases are significantly lower than those found in cancers of postmenopausal patients. Statistically significant differences of the ER concentrations between the various phases of the menstrual cycle could not be secured. PMID- 7133599 TI - Cryosurgery of penile carcinoma. Short report on preliminary results. PMID- 7133600 TI - Carcinoma of the pancreas in Iraq. AB - This paper presents clinical observations on 130 patients with carcinoma of the pancreas, including 19 with periampullary cancer, the first large study of this disease in Iraq. All of the patients were admitted to the First (one of three) Surgical Unit of the University of Baghdad Teaching Hospital (the Medical City) during the period 1965-1977. The diagnosis and extent of disease were confirmed surgically in all patients. The clinical presentation, histopathologic characteristics, and prognostic features of the disease in Iraq seem no different from those seen in other parts of the world. Though relatively uncommon (1.4% of all male and 1.2% of all female cancers in the Baghdad Cancer Registry), cancer of the pancreas is the second most common tumor of the digestive system, next to that of the stomach. PMID- 7133601 TI - Effect of the tumor promotor 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate on the rate of disappearance of nicotine from mouse skin. AB - The rate of disappearance of nicotine from mouse skin was increased by the presence of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) during the first 2-hour period following the application of nicotine to mouse skin. The biological half life (t1/2) for nicotine alone was 1.2-1.3 h whereas in the presence of TPA, t1/2 was 0.8 to 0.9 h. The disappearance of nicotine from mouse skin followed first order kinetics over a period of 6 h whereas the loss of nicotine in the presence of TPA from mouse skin followed first-order kinetics for the first 2 h, then the nicotine level became fairly constant for the time period of 2-5 h. Benzo (alpha) pyrene did not affect the rate of disappearance of nicotine from mouse skin. Neither cotinine nor nicotine 1'-N oxide, metabolites of nicotine, was detected in mouse skin following the topical application of this alkaloid. PMID- 7133602 TI - Murine colonic mucosal metabolism and cytotoxicity of benzo [alpha] pyrene. AB - Homogenates of colonic mucosa from seven mouse strains metabolized 14 C-benzol [alpha] pyrene (BP) to alkali-soluble and water-phase products. In those strains in which liver aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity is inducible by beta naphthoflavone (beta-NF), the C57Bl/6, BALB/c, C3H and random-bred Swiss CD-1, colonic metabolism of BP was also induced by intraperitoneal treatment with 150 mg/kg beta-NF 24 h before assay. No increase in the colonic metabolism of BP was seen after beta-NF treatment of the noninducible strains, AKR, DBA and SWR. A detailed study of the products formed was carried out with C57BL/6 male mice. High-performance liquid-chromatography analysis of the products of BP metabolism revealed that phenolic derivatives predominated, but that a small percentage of the BP was converted into the proximate carcinogen, the BP-7,8-diol. Addition of uridine 5'-diphosphoglucuronic acid to the incubation mixture caused an increase in total product formation and a shift from alkali-soluble to water-phase products. Of the water-phase products formed by beta-NF-induced colonic mucosal homogenates, about 40% were nondialyzable and associated with precipitable material. In a study of the cellular effects of BP on the colonic mucosa, intrarectal administration of 1 mg BP had a significant cytotoxic effect, as indicated by the number of pyknotic cells and 3H-thymidine-labeling index, and prior treatment with beta-NF afforded significant protection against this cytotoxicity. PMID- 7133604 TI - CFU-s and CFU-c proliferation after treatment of normal bone marrow cells with Ehrlich ascitic fluid. AB - The possible role of some soluble factor produced by tumor cells or by tumor-host interaction on homeostatic mechanism of normal bone marrow was investigated. Our data show that the in vitro pretreatment of normal bone marrow cells with Ehrlich acellular ascitic fluid (EAF) produces a severe reduction of the number of colonies either in CFU-s (colony-forming unit-spleen assay for pluripotent stem cell compartment) or in CFU-c (colony-forming unit-culture test for granulocytic committed compartment). The differentiation of CFU-s and CFU-c was also affected in respect to the controls. In fact, when normal bone marrow cells were pretreated with EAF the proportion of erythroid colonies deriving from CFU-s changed in favor of the undifferentiated one, while the proportion of pure granulocytic colonies was increased in the CFU-c assay. PMID- 7133603 TI - Hepatocellular ligandin during N-2-fluorenylacetamide carcinogenesis. AB - Ligandin was decreased by 75% as determined immunologically and by glutathione-S transferase or steroid isomerase activities in rat hepatocellular carcinomas induced by exposure to N-2-fluorenylacetamide. Minor variable differences in ligandin levels were noted between the putative, premalignant nodules induced by this regimen and normal liver. PMID- 7133605 TI - Salicylate-induced bleeding problem in ophthalmic plastic surgery. AB - A 54-year-old woman with clinically asymptomatic PCV underwent eyelid surgery. Twenty-four hours after an uncomplicated procedure she had a severe bleeding diathesis following the ingestion of a small amount of aspirin. Treatment of her bleeding disorder and a review of the effects of salicylates on platelet function are discussed. PMID- 7133606 TI - Local injection of steroids for juvenile hemangiomas which disturb the visual axis. AB - Steroids have been used sine 1967 for the treatment of hemangiomas and for orbital hemangiomas since 1970. These were systemically administered which caused concern because of the possible systemic side effects. In 1979. Kushner described local injection of steroids in the eyelid of infants where an hemangioma obstructed the visual axis or refractive error was induced by pressure from the lesion. Five cases of lid hemangioma were treated using this method with varying degrees of success (possibly depending on percentage of mix of the tumor, capillary vs. cavernous). There were no measurable deleterious effects from the injections after a two-year follow-up. PMID- 7133607 TI - Argon laser trabeculoplasty: its effect on medical control of open-angle glaucoma. AB - Twenty persons with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) were followed for an average of one year in a prospective study after argon laser trabeculoplasty was performed in one eye. By one month the mean intraocular pressure (IOP) had fallen 39% and was associated with an 80% increase in mean facility of aqueous outflow. Eighteen persons with POAG were evaluated for the possibility of maintaining an IOP of less than 22 mm Hg with less medication than was required prior to laser treatment. One third of these patients required no medication after treatment, and 39% required less; however, 28% of persons who were poorly controlled before treatment required the same regimen to maintain control after laser trabeculoplasty. Six out of nine persons no longer required a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor while six out of eight persons no longer required a miotic. Laser trabeculoplasty failed to produce a sufficiently large fall in IOP in most persons on maximal medication to permit discontinuation of all medication; but it produced its most satisfying response in persons whose glaucoma was less difficult to control. PMID- 7133608 TI - Pupillary block glaucoma following intraocular lens implantation. AB - Seven cases of pupillary block granuloma occurred in a series of 665 consecutive cases of cataract extraction with insertion of an iris supported intraocular lens, an overall incidence of 1%. The incidence with an iris plane lens was 1.7%, and for all other styles used the incidence was 0.3%. Common factors noted were iris plane intraocular lens and early postoperative complications predisposing to pupillary block. In four of the seven cases, there was a period of normal intraocular pressure followed by elevated intraocular tension with a deep central anterior chamber two weeks to fifteen months following cataract extraction, with subsequent development of corneal edema and typical shallowing of the anterior chamber with iris bombe. Five of seven cases ultimately regained control of intraocular pressure although extensive peripheral anterior synechia were present. No patient ultimately had a visual acuity better than 20/50. PMID- 7133609 TI - A loading guide for C-loop intraocular lenses. PMID- 7133610 TI - A teaching mirror for patient's observations during indirect ophthalmoscopy. AB - We developed a technique by which patients can observe the central fundus of their own contralateral eye during indirect ophthalmoscopy. This is achieved by adding an angulated mirror to the side of the presently available teaching mirror of the indirect ophthalmoscope. Self-indirect ophthalmoscopy is also feasible when the light source is kept stable. PMID- 7133611 TI - Malignant glaucoma following cataract extraction and intraocular lens implant. PMID- 7133612 TI - Office slit lamp discissions in artiphakic eyes. AB - What is believed to be the first reported series of discissions in artiphakic eyes done in the office with a standard examination slit lamp is reported. Adequate optical openings were obtained in 22 of 24 eyes. No major complications such as vitreous wick, endophthalmitis, epithelial implantation, or lens dislocation occurred in this small series. It is felt to be a safe, inexpensive alternative to operating room discissions. PMID- 7133613 TI - Pigment in cellular membranes on intraocular lens implants. AB - Cells with protoplasmic pigment granules on the surface of intraocular lens implants can be divided by their basic nature into histiocytes, epitheloid cells, giant cells, small fibroblast-like cells, iris melanocytes, pigment epithelium, and probably corneal endothelium. All these cells are part of a cellular membranes that have been observed on lens implants at times between eight months and three and a half years after lens implantation. PMID- 7133614 TI - Long-term study of iris sutures in rabbits. AB - A review of the literature of iris suture studies in rabbits, monkeys, and man reveals that all studies have been limited to six months or less. This project addresses the longevity of 10-0 prolene as an iris suture in vivo in the rabbit over a two-year period. Light and scanning electron microscopy examination demonstrated 10-0 prolene as relatively non-degradable and inert. PMID- 7133615 TI - Spontaneous repair of the medial canthus after removal of basal cell carcinoma. PMID- 7133617 TI - Trabeculectomy: square or triangular scleral flap? PMID- 7133616 TI - An unusual intranasal anomaly of the lacrimal drainage system. AB - A newborn infant presented with a mass in the medial canthal area. Radiologic evaluation demonstrated this to be an abnormality in the nasolacrimal system. Examination of the nose showed a large cystic structure totally occluding the right naris. Surgical excision of the entire cyst was required to alleviate the patient's recurrent mucoceles of the lacrimal sac and epiphora. The need for nasal examination and more thorough evaluation in cases of recurrent obstruction is emphasized in evaluating patients with congenital obstruction of the nasolacrimal drainage system. PMID- 7133618 TI - The Nerf ball for preoperative reduction of intraocular pressure. PMID- 7133619 TI - A "part-time" locking needle holder. PMID- 7133620 TI - Effect of acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) on epithelial wound healing. AB - The rate of reepithelialization of the rabbit cornea, receiving isotonic NaCl solution and acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) solution at 10 and 20% concentrations, following a superficial epithelial ulcer was studied by fluorescein staining, photography and light microscopy. Acetylcysteine solution does not seem to retard normal epithelial healing compared with control animals which received isotonic NaCl solution. PMID- 7133621 TI - Corneal epithelial changes in diabetic rats. AB - Electron microscopy of streptozotocin diabetic rat eyes showed increased intracellular levels of tonofilaments and glycogen, thickenings and infoldings of subepithelial basement membrane and basal cell degeneration after 8 months. Glycogen, glucose, sorbitol, and fructose were measured in corneal epithelium from short- and long-term diabetic rats. The small increase in sorbitol pathway products which were found after 8 months of diabetes (less than 1.0 mosm/1 tissue water) confirmed similar findings in rabbits and humans. Thus, the morphologic changes occur in the absence of significant accumulation of sorbitol pathway products. Osmotic damage secondary to corneal epithelial cell accumulation of sorbitol is probably not a significant factor in corneal epithelial diabetic disease. PMID- 7133622 TI - The pressure dependency of aqueous humor formation in the anesthetized cat. AB - In cats anesthetized with pentobarbital Na, a highly significant correlation was found between the rate of aqueous humor production and eye arterial perfusion pressure (blood pressure minus intraocular pressure). The filtration coefficient for water was 0.312 microliter min-1 mm Hg-1. This value is not significantly different from those reported earlier for enucleated, arterially perfused eyes of the same species. PMID- 7133623 TI - Guidelines for the classification of lenses and the characterization of lens proteins. Notes from the EURAGE workshop in Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium. PMID- 7133624 TI - Immunological properties of rat lens gamma-crystallins. II. Characterization of low molecular weight components. AB - Two low molecular weight proteins with isoelectric points above pH 8 occur in the water-soluble proteins of the 24-day-old rat lens. Their molecular weights, estimated by SDS gel electrophoresis, are 9,500 and 10,500 daltons. The 9,500 dalton protein cross-reacts with gamma 1-crystallin. The 10,500-dalton protein designated gamma 3-crystallin is nonidentical with gamma 1 and gamma 2 crystallins and shows no cross-reactivity with alpha- and beta-crystallins. PMID- 7133625 TI - The apparent efficiency of the arteriovenous pumping mechanism in the rabbit eye at low frequencies. PMID- 7133626 TI - Retinal involvement in familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. AB - 34 cases of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy were seen during a 40-month period ending April 1981. There were 30 cases from 11 families and 4 sporadic cases. The familial cases showed the mode of inheritance compatible with the autosomal-dominant inheritance. Ophthalmoscopy and super-wide panoramic fluorescein angiography revealed characteristic retinal vascular abnormalities in all cases, embracing supernumerous vascular branchings, arteriovenous shunt formation in the extreme periphery, generalized hyperpermeability of vessels and incomplete arteriovenous interdigitating pattern. Vitreoretinal adhesion was present in the peripheral temporal retina in all cases. An avascular zone wider than 1 disc diameter was noted in the majority of cases in the extreme temporal periphery. A V-shaped retinal degeneration was seen along the temporal meridian in 18 cases (48%). Retinal detachment was present in 19 eyes of 14 cases, and it was rhegmatogenous in 11 and traction-induced in 8 eyes. Retinal exudates and total posterior vitreous detachment was seen only occasionally. PMID- 7133627 TI - Genetics of lattice degeneration of the retina. AB - First-degree relatives of proband patients with lattice degeneration of the retina revealed a significantly higher prevalence of the disease than the prevalence in the general population: the former had the disease about three times as frequently as the latter. The observed data were analyzed in terms of their accordance with recognized genetic models. The inheritance pattern did not fit well to a monogenic mode of inheritance, and it was hypothesized that a polygenic or multifactorial mode of inheritance is the most likely for lattice degeneration of the retina. PMID- 7133628 TI - Perifoveal capillary network and visual prognosis in diabetic retinopathy. AB - Fluorescein angiography was carried out in 93 eyes with diabetic maculopathy and the state of the perifoveal capillary network within the zone of one half the disc diameter was studied. Nonperfusing capillary areas were found and the condition was classified into two grades: grade 1, the nonperfusing area less than 50% of the circumference of the network, and grade 2, more than 50% of the network. The visual prognosis was followed for 2 years. The initial and final visual acuities were significantly lower in the grade 2 than in the grade 1 group. There were more eyes showing visual deterioration during the follow-up period in the grade 2 than in the grade 1 group. It was thought that the condition of perfusion of the perifoveal capillary network is one of the determining factors of the visual prognosis in diabetic maculopathy. PMID- 7133629 TI - Retinal vascular patterns in the macula and the perimacular area in premature and full-term infants. AB - 27 eyes of 20 premature and full-term infants were subjected to trypsin digestion, and a study was made of the extension of the temporal retinal vessels and of the formation of the radial peripapillary capillaries (RPCs) and the capillary-free zone in the macula. The advancing borders of the temporal retinal vessels exhibited a V-shaped appearance in cases of 23-29 weeks in gestational age. The RPCs were observed in cases after the 27th week of gestation. The capillary-free zone in the macula was observed in cases after the 25th week of gestation. There were two eyes having extremely small and incomplete capillary free zones: in one eye a vascular network was present in the region corresponding to the center of the macula. It was thought that the vascular network in the temporal horizontal aspect of the macula is formed by anastomosis of the superior and inferior temporal vessels, and that the capillary-free zone in the macula develops secondarily as the result of retraction of the capillaries. PMID- 7133630 TI - Radiation effects on retinoblastoma successively transplanted into nude mouse eyes. AB - 27 surgical specimens of retinoblastoma were transplanted into the anterior chamber of athymic nude mice (BALB/cA nu/nu), and 8 of them proliferated progressively filling the eyes. Among 7 specimens originally showing the rosette type, 1 case exhibited a typical Flexner-Wintersteiner rosette but the other 6 showed only an incomplete rosette after transplantation. One specimen originally showing the undifferentiated type exhibited the same cell type after transplantation. After the 2nd and 7th passage in the nude mouse, a chromosome analysis of the tumor cells confirmed that the cells were from the original human retinoblastoma. After the 7th passage the effects of radiation on the ultrastructure of the transplanted retinoblastoma cells were studies. The Linac beta-ray was radiated at single doses from 300 to 1500 rad, and the eyes were fixed on the 11th day and examined by light and electron microscopy. With 300 and 450 rad, no apparent change was found, but over 600 rad, degenerating cells being polygonal in shape and stained heavily with toluidine blue, were seen; they increased in number by increasing the dose of radiation. These degenerating cells contained vacuoles, dilated endoplasmic reticulum, myelinated figures, laminated and dense particles and empty mitochondria. They also showed partial disappearance of the cell membrane and karyorrhexis. By increasing the dose of radiation, the mitotic figures decreased, but even with 1500 rad, a few mitotic figures were still encountered. PMID- 7133631 TI - Experimental central serous chorioretinopathy in monkey eyes: fluorescein angiographic findings. AB - In an adult Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscatus), intravenous injections of adrenalin were repeated daily: 0.125 mg/kg for 7 days and 0.375 mg/kg from the 11th day on. In a cynomolgus monkey (Macaca irus), daily injections were carried out with intravenous adrenalin (0.11 mg/kg for 12 days and a double dose from the 13th day on) and also with intramuscular prednisolone. After the 39th injection in the former and after the 32nd injection in the latter monkey, disciform serous retinal detachment was seen to occur in the posterior pole region, and fluorescein angiography revealed multiple dye leakage spots at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium. Sometimes these changes subsided, but on continuing injections, these changes recurred on new locations. Two types of fluorescein leakage spots were recognized, i.e. ink blot type with progressive simple enlargement with time and the mushroom or jet type showing these patterns during enlargement. No abnormality was found in the optic disc, retinal vessels or in the choroidal circulation. The fluorescein angiographic findings were in close resemblance with those seen in the human central serous chorioretinopathy. It was discussed that these fundus changes of the monkey eye produced by repeated adrenalin injections would serve as a good animal model of the human disease. PMID- 7133632 TI - Taking the mystique out of low vision. AB - Rehabilitation of the partially sighted patient is often a difficult problem from both a physical and psychological point of view. The physical aspect is addressed, providing a concise and practical approach to low vision evaluation and management that avoids discussions of optics and complex theory. Suggestions are given for patient examination procedures, determination of their low vision needs, and making referrals to rehabilitation agencies. Recommended vendors, agency addresses, and other useful information are provided. A suggested method of low vision evaluation in an office or clinic that uses the help of ophthalmic assistants or nurses and maximizes assistance to the patient is presented. PMID- 7133633 TI - Cataract extraction in an eye with filtering bleb. AB - Seventy-two ophthalmologists with a major interest in glaucoma (glaucoma surgeons) responded to a questionnaire as to how they would remove a cataract from a hypothetical 60-year-old patient with a functioning filtering bleb in the superior nasal quadrant. The majority recommended an intracapsular cataract extraction through a lateral or inferolateral limbal incision or a superior corneal incision anterior to the bleb. Most of the glaucoma surgeons preferred to close the wound with five to nine interrupted 10-0 nylon sutures. Estimates of the percentage of blebs failing after cataract extraction ranged from zero to more than 50%, with a median of 30%. The majority of the glaucoma surgeons stated that they would never, or only under exceptional circumstances, implant an intraocular lens in an eye with a filtering bleb. Twelve ophthalmologists with a major interest in intraocular lens implantation (implant surgeons) responded to the same questionnaire. They were more likely than the glaucoma surgeons to recommend extracapsular cataract extraction and to implant an intraocular lens in an eye with a filtering bleb. PMID- 7133634 TI - Pseudophakia and glaucoma. AB - A retrospective study of 40 eyes with pseudophakia and glaucoma is presented. Consideration of pre-existing and secondary types of glaucoma is given. Complications relating to pseudophakia and glaucoma are included as well as a discussion of mechanisms. Visual function results are given and medical and surgical therapies are outlined. PMID- 7133635 TI - Cataract surgery in retinitis pigmentosa patients. AB - From the UCLA Retinitis Pigmentosa Registry, 30 patients with 54 aphakic eyes were studied in a retrospective analysis to evaluate the results of cataract surgery. Patients consisted of 19 men and 11 women, with an age range at the time of cataract surgery from 24 to 75 years (mean 47 years). After surgery all aphakic eyes showed some improvement in visual acuity; 83% of eyes demonstrated improvement in visual acuity of at least two lines on the Snellen chart, and 52% of eyes achieved a visual acuity of 20/50 or better. In all eyes, the postoperative visual field was unchanged when compared with the preoperative visual field. Subjectively, 83% of patients reported benefit from cataract surgery. Guidelines for the preoperative evaluation of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) patients with cataracts are presented. PMID- 7133636 TI - Pharmacologic therapy of aphakic cystoid macular edema. A review. AB - Pharmacologic therapy of aphakic cystoid macular edema (ACME) in the past has included the use of topical, periocular, and systemic corticosteroids as well as inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis. Preliminary studies have suggested a beneficial effect of systemic corticosteroids on ACME, although it has been said that this effect is temporary and that recurrences are common. To date, no adequate therapeutic or prophylactic trial of topical, periocular, or systemic corticosteroids for ACME has been performed. Several elegant clinical trials have been done to study the effects of indomethacin, a prostaglandin (PG) synthesis inhibitor, on the incidence of ACME. It seems likely that topical, and perhaps systemic, indomethacin is effective in reducing the incidence of angiographically proved ACME. To date, however, no trial has demonstrated a sustained effect of topical or systemic PG synthesis inhibitors on ACME or visual acuity. Further studies of the role of PG synthesis inhibitors (especially topical agents) in the therapy of ACME are necessary. In addition, further efforts should be made to determine the efficacy of the use of PG synthesis inhibitors in combination with corticosteroids. PMID- 7133637 TI - Pathology of cystoid macular edema. AB - In order to define the pathology of cystoid macular edema (CME), 35 human cases with histopathologic features of CME were reviewed. The macular cysts appeared in different layers of the retina in eyes after cataract extraction, retinal vein occlusion, trauma, diabetes mellitus, and accelerated hypertension. The pathologic process varied from transudation, exudation to liquefaction necrosis. The experimental models of lens extraction and talc retinopathy in rhesus monkeys were examined. Disruption of the blood-retinal barrier at the retinal vasculature and retinal pigment epithelium were noted after lens extraction. Cystoid degeneration of the macula was seen in monkeys with talc retinopathy. The possibility that disruption of the blood-retinal barrier and microinfarction play important roles in the formation of the macular cysts is proposed. PMID- 7133638 TI - Micronics and overrefraction. AB - Phoropter overrefraction, aided by a TI 58 or 59 calculator and programmed module, was evaluated as a routine procedure in 5,350 refractions. This technique provided increased patient acceptance of their glasses, better use of paramedical personnel, decreased refraction time, and improved cost efficiency of refracting. There was a 74% reduction of spectacle remakes and a 37.5 to 50% increase in refractions performed daily. This technique was compared to the previous 2,813 refractions using the conventional technique of refracting and to 2,600 refractions aided by an objective refractor. This study supports the thesis that overrefraction gives a higher degree of correlation of the images seen by the patient during the refraction procedure and the images seen with the final dispensed glasses. This correlation is possible because many of the variables in the refraction technique, refractor lens systems, or trial lenses, are reduced with the overrefraction technique. PMID- 7133639 TI - Prismatic scanning method for improving visual acuity in patients with low vision. AB - Frequently, patients with macular lesions and others who are visually handicapped do not receive adequate low vision care by ophthalmologists if a routine trial of low vision aids has no gratifying results. This paper describes for the first time a technique in which functional vision was achieved with the aid of prismatic scanning in patients for whom the usual low vision aids had proved ineffectual. The procedure in which prisms are used to achieve functional vision in patients with macular lesions in uncomplicated, inexpensive, and rapid; indeed, it can be used by an ophthalmologist in routine office practice with existing equipment. PMID- 7133640 TI - Ocular melanocytosis. A study to determine the prevalence rate of ocular melanocytosis. AB - A cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of ocular and oculodermal melanocytosis. Thirteen thousand one hundred fifty patients were examined for ocular and oculodermal melanocytosis. Fifty-three percent of these patients were black, 40% were white, and 7% were of other racial groups. In the white population, the prevalence of ocular melanocytosis was determined to be 0.038% (2/5251). In the black population, the prevalence of oculodermal melanocytosis was 0.014% (1/6915). PMID- 7133641 TI - Uveal malignant melanoma associated with ocular and oculodermal melanocytosis. AB - Seventeen patients with ocular or oculodermal melanocytosis were identified among 1,250 Caucasian patients with uveal malignant melanoma. The uveal melanomas in these seventeen patients were similar in size, cell type, and tendency to metastasize to those occurring in reported populations without ocular or oculodermal melanocytosis. Clinical and histopathologic study of these 17 cases indicated that all of the affected eyes had episcleral and choroidal melanocytosis and that other ocular and periocular tissues (sclera, iris, conjunctiva, angle structures, and optic disc) were involved less commonly. The uveal malignant melanoma that was present in each of these cases involved the eye with melanocytosis. Furthermore, the melanoma arose from the zone of uveal melanocytosis in every eye with sectoral involvement. Statistical analysis of these data supports the contention that uveal malignant melanoma has a higher incidence in white persons with ocular or oculodermal melanocytosis than in those without these conditions. PMID- 7133642 TI - Inhibitors of surgically induced miosis. AB - Miosis induced by surgical trauma is a frequent problem during extracapsular cataract surgery. In experimental surgery on rabbits, the inhibitory effect on pupillary constriction of cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors, local anesthetics, capsaicin (presumed substance P depletor), sympathomimetic agents, and anticholinergic agents were studied. In eyes predilated with tropicamide, iris massage caused marked pupillary constriction. Randomized pretreatment with the following agents significantly inhibited miosis: flurbiprofen, P less than 0.005; topical anesthetics (benoxinate, P less than 0.001, cocaine, P less than 0.05, proparacaine, P less than 0.005); and retrobulbar capsaicin, P less than 0.005. No significant inhibition was shown with topical indomethacin aqueous solution (P less than 0.15), topical tetracaine (P less than 0.15), or retrobulbar lidocaine (P less than 0.15). No single agent or combination of agents blocked the total miotic response; however, a combination of flurbiprofen, benoxinate, and capsaicin blocked more than two third of the miosis. Phenylephrine, a sympathomimetic (active) mydriatic agent, was more effective than anticholinergic (passive) mydriatic agents in obtaining maximal pupillary size after surgical iris massage. PMID- 7133643 TI - Ocular involvement in xeroderma pigmentosum. AB - A 37-year-old, white woman with xeroderma pigmentosum had reduced vision for many years because of primary and secondary corneal epithelial edema and stromal haze. Corneal grafting was required, but was not successful. Numerous primary dermal tumors of various types involving the lids of both eyes had been excised surgically or treated by freezing with liquid nitrogen. Squamous cell carcinomas involving the limbal area of the globe and adjacent tissues were excised from the left eye at age 12, the right eye at age 32, and the left eye (again) at age 36. The right limbal tumor soon recurred and invaded the orbit despite radiation treatment; this required right orbital exenteration. The second left limbal tumor recurred one year later, soon after the recurrence of a left lower lid basal cell carcinoma. Left orbital exenteration was required. Corneal graft failures and recurrent ocular squamous cell carcinoma involving the eye in xeroderma pigmentosum can be difficult management problems. PMID- 7133644 TI - Cervical mycobacteriosis. Relation to BCG vaccination, treatment of results of treatment. PMID- 7133645 TI - Non-lethal midline granuloma of the nose. PMID- 7133646 TI - Surgical treatment of atrophic rhinitis by closure of the nostril. PMID- 7133647 TI - Computer analysis of fixation-suppression of caloric nystagmus. AB - Effects of the ocular fixation upon caloric nystagmus were quantitatively analyzed and compared between normal subjects and patients by using a PDP 11/40 computer. The slow-phase velocity was the best parameter to separate normal from abnormal visual fixation. An analysis of caloric nystagmus with failure of fixation-suppression (FFS) made it possible to classify patterns of FFS into three types. The combination of FFS with impairment of the optokinetic responses provides a useful diagnostic tool with respect to lesions located between the brain stem and the cerebellum. PMID- 7133648 TI - Eye movements induced by electrical stimulation in the rabbit's mesodiencephalon. AB - 32 adult albino rabbits were used to investigate the oculomotor function of the mesodiencephalon. Bipolar electrical stimulation was used to induce saccades in unanesthetized rabbits. Saccades were induced from relatively broad regions of the rabbit's mesodiencephalon except for tractus opticus, a part of nucleus lateralis posterior thalami and some parts of nucleus pretectalis anterior. The direction of the saccades was generally ipsilateral to the stimulation site. Although the saccades were not influenced by caloric nystagmus or in blindfolding, the pattern of them was greatly influenced by a lateral recumbent position. Nystagmus was induced from tractus opticus, nucleus pretectalis anterior and nucleus lateralis posterior thalami. The nystagmus became remarkable in blind-folding, or when an eye ipsilateral to the stimulation site was covered. This electrically induced nystagmus did not undergo any modulations by ablation of the flocculus and paraflocculus contralateral to the stimulation site. PMID- 7133649 TI - [Treatment problems in multiple and combined fractures of the long tubular bones]. PMID- 7133650 TI - [Clinical x-ray characteristics of recurrent fractures]. PMID- 7133651 TI - [Use of total Sivash and Shersher hip joint endoprostheses without severing the greater trochanter]. PMID- 7133652 TI - [Rehabilitative treatment of diaphyseal fractures of the humerus complicated by radial nerve injury]. PMID- 7133653 TI - [Transosseous osteosynthesis in defects and pseudarthroses of the lower extremities against a background of disturbed peripheral blood circulation]. PMID- 7133654 TI - [Comparative study of the blood circulation in the bone marrow and skeletal muscles in acute experimental ischemia of the extremities]. PMID- 7133655 TI - [Use of pyromecaine for peridural anesthesia in orthopedic injury patients]. PMID- 7133656 TI - [Blood coagulating system in the replacement of extensive tibial defects in unstable fixation of the bone fragments]. PMID- 7133657 TI - [Diagnosis of sacroiliac joint injury]. PMID- 7133658 TI - [Treatment of diaphyseal fractures of the long tubular bones by a transosseous extrafocal compression-distraction method]. PMID- 7133659 TI - [Transosseous osteosynthesis in treating fracture-dislocations of the shoulder]. PMID- 7133660 TI - [Surgical treatment of tibial fractures]. PMID- 7133661 TI - [Prolonged anesthesia in pelvic bone fractures]. PMID- 7133662 TI - [Comminuted intra-articular fractures of the distal metaepiphysis of the tibia and their treatment]. PMID- 7133663 TI - [Functional treatment of clavicular fractures]. PMID- 7133664 TI - [Device for repositioning the fragments and reducing dislocations of the upper extremity]. PMID- 7133665 TI - [Osteosynthesis with Bogdanov's spiral pin]. PMID- 7133666 TI - [Device for treating bone tissue]. PMID- 7133667 TI - [Osteosynthesis of the bones of the lower extremities with a billet beam]. PMID- 7133668 TI - [Department of the State Institute for Physician Advanced Training and the Research Institute: joint work experience]. PMID- 7133669 TI - High energy solar radiation and the origin of life. AB - Recent satellite observations of young, sun-like stars allow an estimation of the ultraviolet and X-ray radiation environment of the primitive Earth. Energy from these sources is found to be much higher than previously believed. We suggest that the influence of high energy radiation on the early development of life be reexamined. PMID- 7133670 TI - Polynucleotide replication coupled to protein synthesis: a possible mechanism for the origin of life. AB - A mechanism is suggested for the replication under primitive conditions of long polynucleotides by the sequential incorporation of sequences related to those of modern transfer RNAs. It is proposed that replication of such molecules became established as the result of a replicative advantage arising from the concomitant linkage together of amino acids to form polypeptides. Initially these polypeptides may have been of random sequence. Selection of primitive tRNAs in which the amino acid and anticodon stem sequences were rotationally symmetrical could have led to specific, anticodon-directed aminoacylation and fixation of the genetic code along the lines suggested by Hopfield. (Hopfield, 1978). The primitive replication-coupled system would then have been able to synthesize specific proteins containing one amino acid residue for each primitive tRNA incorporated during replication. The end result of this line of evolution is postulated to have been a nucleoprotein structure resembling the ribosome. The primitive system would then have been able to give rise directly to triplet-coded protein synthesis. Some recent RNA sequence data are discussed which are consistent with derivation of modern protein synthesis from the primitive replication-coupled mechanism. PMID- 7133671 TI - Ambiguity and the evolution of the genetic code. AB - The evolution of the genetic code is an extremely complex problem. The addition of a new method by which the code could evolve, however, allows much to be explained about the way in which the present codes (gamma 3 and gamma 3) originated. The idea that ambiguity would allow the length of the codon to change is very useful, since it predicts the distribution of the 4-blocs and 2-blocs in the code, determines where variations in the code are probable, and presents a scenario for the evolution of the code. PMID- 7133674 TI - [The significance of mother's milk and breast feeding in the light of current knowledge]. PMID- 7133673 TI - Clay and the origin of life. AB - Research concerning the possible role of clay in chemical evolution is reviewed. The probable importance of clays in the origin of life is assessed. PMID- 7133675 TI - [Significance of modern radiologic examination in the diagnosis of colonic polyps]. PMID- 7133672 TI - Evolution of major metabolic innovations in the precambrian. AB - A combination of the information on the metabolic capabilities of prokaryotes with a composite phylogenetic tree depicting an overview of prokaryote evolution based on the sequences of bacterial ferredoxin, 2Fe-2S ferredoxin, 5S ribosomal RNA, and c-type cytochromes shows three zones of major metabolic innovation in the Precambrian. The middle of these, which reflects the genesis of oxygen releasing photosynthesis and aerobic respiration, links metabolic innovations of the anaerobic stem on the one hand and, on the other, proliferation of aerobic bacteria and the symbiotic associations leading to the eukaryotes. We consider especially those pathways where information on the structure of the enzymes is known. Halobacterium and Thermoplasma (archaebacteria) do not belong to a totally independent line on the basis of the composite tree but branch from the eukaryote cytoplasmic line. PMID- 7133676 TI - [Prenatal determination of the sex of the fetus by measuring the testosterone level of the amniotic fluid]. PMID- 7133677 TI - [Occupational disorders of the upper limbs in glass cutters]. PMID- 7133678 TI - [Thoughts on genetics]. PMID- 7133679 TI - [Pathogenesis of porphyria cutanea tarda]. PMID- 7133680 TI - [Field studies of the FSME-immune vaccine against tick encephalitis in Hungary]. PMID- 7133681 TI - [The role of non-stress cardiotocography in the evaluation of fetal health]. PMID- 7133682 TI - [Familial copper deficiency]. PMID- 7133683 TI - [An unusual case of induced psychosis]. PMID- 7133684 TI - [Hungarian-Polish medical relations in the 16th century]. PMID- 7133685 TI - [Differential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 7133686 TI - [Significance, incidence and diagnosis of luteal deficiency]. PMID- 7133687 TI - [Leukemia in infancy in Hungary]. PMID- 7133688 TI - [The epidemiology of obesity]. PMID- 7133690 TI - [Guidelines for human radioisotope drug studies]. PMID- 7133689 TI - [Hyperammonemia: partial carbamyl phosphate synthetase deficiency]. PMID- 7133691 TI - [Physician-patient relations and social psychology]. PMID- 7133692 TI - [Diagnostic value of the xylose test]. PMID- 7133693 TI - [Prospective responsibility in the work of the pediatrician]. PMID- 7133694 TI - [A new possibility of verifying the wellbeing of the fetus by its thoracic movements]. PMID- 7133695 TI - [Surgical management of penile induration using tissue substitution]. PMID- 7133696 TI - [Can tractor driving and handling of other heavy equipment cause vibration damage in the upper limbs?]. PMID- 7133697 TI - [Apudoma of the stomach producing pancreatic polypeptide hormone]. PMID- 7133698 TI - [Pharmacology of fluorine]. PMID- 7133699 TI - [Errors and their consequences in the management or ureteral injuries in males]. PMID- 7133700 TI - [Occupational rehabilitation of patients with rheumatic heart valve defects]. PMID- 7133701 TI - [Treatment of bacterial vulvovaginitis in children (a new method of drug administration)]. PMID- 7133702 TI - [Hemoglobin S/C disease]. PMID- 7133703 TI - [Endolaryngeal cryotherapy]. PMID- 7133704 TI - [New ways and possibilities in radiologic diagnosis]. PMID- 7133705 TI - [The effect of prenatal administration of vitamin B6 on the blood oxygen transport serum prolactin level in the mother and her newborn infant]. PMID- 7133706 TI - [The effect of fluoride on calcitonin secretion provoked by intravenous calcium loading]. PMID- 7133708 TI - [Clinical observations on non-insulin dependent juvenile diabetic patients]. PMID- 7133707 TI - [Miliary tuberculosis of the liver (granulomatous hepatitis)]. PMID- 7133709 TI - [Unusual complication of a strangulated inguinal hernia: spontaneous fecal concretion in the scrotum. African experience]. PMID- 7133710 TI - [Transient protein losing enteropathy]. PMID- 7133711 TI - The otolaryngologic clinics of North America. Symposium on granulomatous disorders of the head and neck. PMID- 7133712 TI - Granulomatous disorders of the temporal bone. PMID- 7133713 TI - Granulomatous inflammations of the nose and paranasal sinuses. PMID- 7133714 TI - Granulomatous diseases of the larynx. PMID- 7133715 TI - Inhalant granulomas: silicosis, asbestosis, berylliosis. PMID- 7133716 TI - Treponemal infections of the head and neck. PMID- 7133717 TI - Gout and its manifestations in the head and neck. PMID- 7133718 TI - Cholesterol granuloma. PMID- 7133719 TI - Idiopathic midline granuloma. PMID- 7133720 TI - Temporal arteritis. AB - Temporal arteritis is generally a benign and self-limiting disease, which has been recognized for approximately 50 years. Although it has been uncommon, it is becoming increasingly prevalent among elderly individuals. Its major complication involves loss of vision, and approximately 50 per cent of all untreated patients become blind in one or both eyes. This can be prevented by early recognition and prompt treatment of the disease process. Steroids given to suppress the inflammatory involvement of the arterial wall safeguard the blood supply to the eye. If vision is lost, however, the loss is usually permanent. Although its diagnosis can be confusing initially, temporal arteritis should be easily diagnosed by its local and systemic manifestations, including headache of recent onset in an elderly patient, visual disturbance, an increased sedimentation rate, and a classic palpable tenderness along the course of the temporal artery. Immediate hospitalization is recommended when the diagnosis is made and steroid therapy is begun, along with measures for symptomatic relief of headaches. With the increasingly aging population in the United States, one predicts that this disease entity of obscure etiology will become prevalent. Thus all physicians should have a basic knowledge and understanding of the disease process. PMID- 7133721 TI - Granulomatous and related reactions associated with malignant disease of the head and neck region. PMID- 7133722 TI - [Transitory bilirubinemia in the newborn infant]. PMID- 7133723 TI - [Skeletal development of the hand and size of the bone centers of the knee in childhood with reference to possible determination of maturity (planimetric method)]. PMID- 7133724 TI - [Development of the cranial dimensions in the first 2 years of life]. PMID- 7133726 TI - [Ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysms in childhood]. PMID- 7133725 TI - [Ultrasonic localization of the kidney for percutaneous kidney biopsy in the child]. PMID- 7133727 TI - [The "syndrome of the 5th day"--a rare complication after appendectomy in children]. PMID- 7133728 TI - [Initial experiences at a newly built nephrology clinic for children in Berlin=Marzahn]. PMID- 7133729 TI - [Legal questions in child health care. I: Problems of consent and explanation in pediatrics]. PMID- 7133730 TI - [Legal questions in child health care. II: Offenses against children and adolescents. Child abuse]. PMID- 7133731 TI - [Legal questions in child health care. III: Supervisory obligation of parents and health facilities]. PMID- 7133732 TI - Medico-legal aspects of complications following pain relieving blocks. AB - Nerve blocks administered for the relief of chronic pain are sometimes followed by complications which give rise to litigation. The grounds for legal action may be that: (1) complications were caused by the procedure; (2) the patient did not consent to the procedure; (3) the procedure was carried out inexpertly; (4) the wrong procedure was performed; (5) the treatment of the complication was inadequate. Many of these problems can be avoided by care in the selection, investigation and documentation of cases, by considered choice and meticulous performance of the block(s) and by adequate attention to aftercare. PMID- 7133733 TI - Alteration of human pain thresholds by nutritional manipulation and L-tryptophan supplementation. AB - Pain perception and tolerance thresholds of 30 normal subjects were determined by electrical stimulation of dental pulps before and after dietary manipulation which included either tryptophan supplementation or placebo. Perception threshold levels were similar in tryptophan and placebo subjects; however, pain tolerance levels were significantly higher in the group receiving tryptophan. Side effects such as nausea, skin itching, weight loss and mood elevation were more common in the tryptophan group than in the placebo group. PMID- 7133734 TI - Intracerebroventricular self-injection of morphine in response to pain in the rat. AB - Rats were chronically implanted with a lateral cerebral ventricular guide cannula. After recovery they were trained to self-inject morphine sulfate. A week after this training period, self-injection behavior was studied during nociceptive stimulation. In response to a nociceptive stimulation rats increased their intracerebroventricular self-administration of morphine. This effect is specific for morphine since under identical conditions rats did not increase NaCl administration. Naloxone pretreatment inhibits self-administration of morphine in 5 rats. However, two rats increased morphine self-intake. These results show that rats can directly perceive a decrease of pain sensation induced by the morphine self-administration. This experimental situation is therefore similar to the therapeutic situation in humans, in which the criterion of efficacy of an analgesic is a reduction of the conscious pain sensation. Experimental self administration during painful stimulation might therefore be used for preclinical evaluation of the efficacy of an analgesic drug. PMID- 7133735 TI - Social reintegration of paraplegics and tetraplegics in the Cape Province of the Republic of South Africa. AB - Rehabilitation of the disabled is a dynamic process which should start from the first day post-injury. Total rehabilitation should include, not only attaining maximum function, but also, satisfaction with life in one's own environment. The obstacles created by able-bodied society, are problems that face the disabled person. The right to participate in, and contribute to, all aspects of economic, social and political life is theirs too, as is the right to make decisions about the future. This should not be overlooked, as decision making sows the seeds of motivation. This in turn dictates the measure of success of social reintegration. Assistance is provided in South Africa by various organisations of central government, provincial and local authorities and private welfare organisations. The Cripple Care Association is a private welfare organisation which provides assistance and acts as a link with other relevant organisations. In the Western Cape the number of successfully rehabilitated persons increases and their presence in the community creates an awareness of their needs. This in turn initiates the process of positive change and action. PMID- 7133736 TI - Marital, educational, employment, income and general financial status prior to and one to six years post-spinal cord injury. PMID- 7133737 TI - Social and vocational reintegration of paraplegic and tetraplegic patients in Switzerland. AB - The purpose of this statistical review (based on 90 acute SCI admissions into the Swiss Paraplegic Centre, Basle in 1979), is to give, in the form of an evaluation, consideration to the social and vocational significance of the patients' disability. Seventy patients (77.8 per cent), are working or will work, (of 35 tetraplegics, 25, of 55 paraplegics, 45); and 67.8 per cent drive a car. So far as marital status is concerned there have been no significant changes as yet. The important question of resettlement was ideally solved in 80 per cent of patients. The improvement of education following injury was in general relatively limited. Twenty-five per cent reported that they have improved their education subsequent to their disability, these coming from the group having initially more than basic education. Socio-economic conditions of our patients are satisfactory. Cases of hardship have been substantially supported by the Swiss Paraplegic Foundation. PMID- 7133738 TI - Review of the social situation of paraplegic and tetraplegic patients rehabilitated in the Hexham Regional Spinal Injury Unit in the north of England over the past four years. AB - The various aspects of the social circumstances of patients rehabilitated in the North of England Regional Spinal Injury Unit between 1975 and 1979 have been investigated. The study was carried out by making use of computerised analysis of a specially developed questionnaire. A Research Medical Social Worker was appointed to visit each patient at their home in order to record all relevant information into the questionnaire. A summary of the resulting information is presented. The study has been of particular value in two respects. Firstly, it has revealed the comprehensive social circumstances of these patients. Secondly, it has enabled us to evaluate the quality of service provided by the Hexham Regional Spinal Injury Unit, and it has enabled us to recommend an expansion of some of the aspects of the service provided by a Spinal Injury Unit. PMID- 7133739 TI - The social aspects of the treatment of spinal cord injured patients in Israel. AB - The paper presents the rehabilitation framework of spinal cord injured patients in the Sir Ludwig Guttman Centre in Israel. The social worker's special role in our centre is described, from the beginning of his work just after the patient's admission. A trusting relationship is established between the patient and the social worker throughout hospitalisation and subsequently. The social worker also deals with the special needs of the patient's family, providing emotional support and information on legal rights, etc. We present the specific social structure of Israel in relation to the rehabilitation of the disabled as well as the different official agencies providing services for them. There are considerable differences between the benefits provided by the various agencies for the needs of the spinal cord injured. As the needs of the injured are the same, irrespective of the cause of injury, the task of the social worker is, therefore, extremely difficult. PMID- 7133740 TI - A home for paraplegic soldiers. PMID- 7133741 TI - A social and psychological study of 166 spinal cord injured patients from Queensland. AB - The follow-up of 166 patients discharged from the Brisbane Spinal Injuries Unit has shown that facilities for spinal cord injured patients in Queensland are inadequate. The size of Queensland adds to the problem. There would appear to be a real need for choices in accommodation, together with Care Attendant Schemes available when necessary. Appropriate training facilities and equal job opportunities for both sexes are required together with transport and essential equipment. Discrimination exists but mainly through ignorance or lack of communication. Within the Spinal Injuries Unit patients would like to see a total care plan with better facilities. The majority would also like to see care extended by periodic home visits following discharge. The study highlights the importance of the social and psychological aspects of spinal cord injury and the need for these two factors to be considered from the time of admission if successful resettlement is to be finally achieved. PMID- 7133742 TI - Social and professional evaluation of para and tetraplegics. AB - The most important problems of chronically ill individuals after spinal cord trauma have been assessed from data obtained from case histories, social interviews and questionnaires obtained from 191 patients. The average time from trauma to observation was 9.3 years. Complete self-care was achieved by 56 per cent, a degree of ambulation by 52 per cent and 35 per cent had a useful vocational activity. The authors advise the positive evaluation of results of treatment after trauma, and call attention to the necessity of giving greater emphasis on training in activities of daily living even at the expense of decreasing training in ambulation, since only a small group of patients use ambulation as a form of locomotion. The difficulties in obtaining employment by disabled persons even after changing their vocation is stressed. PMID- 7133743 TI - Stenosis and movement of the cervical spine in cervical myelopathy. AB - The width of the spinal canal in 55 patients with cervical myelopathy was compared to a control group of 225 patients without myelopathy. There was a statistically significant narrowing of the cervical canal in the patients with cervical myelopathy, especially in men. Neck movement in the sagittal plane was studied in pantopaque myelograms in 43 patients with cervical myelopathy. It was found that retroflexion causes the most severe narrowing of the spinal canal. Patients with congenital cervical stenosis showed the greatest changes. Sagittal movement of the cervical spine was measured 1--3 years after the Cloward fusion operation in 38 patients and compared to a corresponding age group of 33 and a younger group of 26 healthy controls. The fusion of two or more vertebrae leads to considerable limitation of sagittal movement of the cervical spine on the average of 23,5 degrees in comparison with 40,6 degrees in the corresponding age control group. With the increasing age, anteflexion and retroflexion deteriorate equally, whereas the fusion operation restricts mainly the retroflexion of the cervical spine. In fact, the therapeutic effect of the Cloward operation seems to lie in the restriction of movement of the cervical spine. PMID- 7133744 TI - Experience with self intermittent catheterisation for women with neurological dysfunctions of the bladder. AB - Self intermittent catheterisation (SIC) was taught to 24 women with neurological diseases involving the bladder. The major causes of neuropathic bladders were traumatic lesions of the spinal cord (17 cases, 70 per cent), diabetes and multiple sclerosis. Patients were aged 16--65 years (mean 36 years). Initial acceptance of the procedure proved to be a temporary problem in some fastidious women, but the majority eagerly accepted the opportunity to be free of permanent drainage equipment. A bladder relaxant drug was used in order to suppress spontaneous detrusor contractions in patients with intact lower motor neurones. A training period of 1 day to 2 weeks, depending on manual dexterity, was sufficient to ensure competence in the technique. All patients were able to perform the procedure with few incidents of infection while in the Hospital, but in four patients it proved to be impractical and was discontinued after 1 to 2 weeks. After discharge home three patients have gone back to permanent Foley drainage. Women who have good home settings or who are able to ambulate to some degree, do well on SIC, but the advantages of prevention of infection and freedom from drainage bags do not, as yet, outweigh the social problems for many women confined to wheelchairs such as architectural barriers, time schedules and suitable clothing. Selected patients must be both well motivated and independent in transfers so that while an excellent solution for some, SIC is far from being the solution for all women with neurological dysfunction of the bladder. PMID- 7133745 TI - An outbreak of hysterical paraplegia. AB - The diagnosis of hysterical paraplegia, following injury, has only rarely been made, and no report of such cases has been recorded in the recent textbooks by Guttmann, Bedbrook and other authors. In a review of non-traumatic paraplegia, treated at the Sheffield Unit, the diagnosis was not made during a period of 15 years, until the winter of 1977/78 when four such cases were confidently recognised in a short period of time. This surprising development encouraged me to review these cases to ascertain whether there were any common factors to explain such an unusual outbreak. The patients were all young men engaged in heavy physical work and other circumstances common to most of them were service in a uniformed organisation; with psychiatric illness, and marriage breakdown as principal features. Fortunately recovery was rapid and complete in most cases. PMID- 7133746 TI - Percutaneous embolisation of major spinal cord artery as a treatment for intractable spasticity. AB - Based on the angiographic findings of the injured spinal cord percutaneous embolisation of Adamkiewicz's artery was carried out to control intractable spasticity in ten cases of late stage spinal cord paralysis. The purpose of this procedure was to interrupt the reflex arcs of the lower extremities by decreasing the blood supply to the lumbar enlargement. Results were excellent in two cases, good in five and poor in three. Major effects were found in adduction and flexion spasticity of the hip joints and bladder function was always preserved in these patients. It is speculated that occlusion of Adamkiewicz's artery mainly affected the lower thoracic and the upper lumbar segments. Anastomosis between the anterior spinal artery and the two posterior spinal arteries might have provided sufficient collateral blood circulation to the conus level. It is emphasised that the percutaneous embolisation of Adamkiewicz's artery reduced the intractable spasticity of the lower extremities without changes in the voiding function of the automatic bladder. PMID- 7133747 TI - Clinical and anatomical observation of a patient with a complete lesion at C1 with maintenance of a normal blood pressure during 40 minutes after the accident. AB - The authors report on their clinical observations concerning a patient with a complete spinal cord injury at the level of C1, followed by a cardiac hypoxic arrest, due to immediate respiratory paralysis after the accident. Normal cardiac activity was obtained as a result of rapid resuscitation measures, using only intubation and external cardiac massage without any drug administration. The blood pressure was maintained without any drugs at a level of 130 Torr during 40 minutes before it fell to a permanent level of 50--40 Torr on ventilation alone. The diagnosis during the first hours was believed to be that of an irreversible coma with no evidence of vertebral injury. The patient started to recover consciousness after a few days but died on the 15th day. The case is discussed in the light of the literature and of the recent physiological experiments concerning the rapid changes of blood pressure after spinal cord section in animals. PMID- 7133748 TI - Developing a system of comprehensive care for the spinal cord injured patient in Houston, Texas, U.S.A. AB - The authors agree with the principle, widely accepted, that spinal cord injured (SCI) individuals should receive all their acute, rehabilitative and follow-up care in a spinal cord injury centre. The evolution of rehabilitation medicine and services in the United States, however, has favoured the separation of acute and rehabilitation care for spinal cord injured patients, as well as other disabilities. This has resulted partly from specialisation of medical and allied health personnel, physical separation of acute and rehabilitation facilities, and reluctance of some funders of health care to see rehabilitation as a natural extension of medical care in these patients. In Houston the proximity of a rehabilitation facility to three acute care university hospitals, representing three medical schools, provided an opportunity to improve communication among the medical personnel. These individuals have recognised the value of early rehabilitation even while the patient is acutely ill; they agreed to institute a system of care wherein the rehabilitation physician partakes in the early management in a designated area of the acute hospitals for spinal cord injured patients and works toward early transfer to the rehabilitation hospital in as ideal a condition as possible. Surgeons, who have initial primary responsibility, also visit the rehabilitation hospital, following their patient's progress at selected conferences and at the bedside. This paper describes how, a spinal cord injury service was established, how the major barriers to early transfer were confronted, and the results of the first 6 months of operation. PMID- 7133749 TI - A new transfer device for paraplegics. PMID- 7133750 TI - Lipid abnormalities in chronic renal failure associated with spinal cord injury. AB - Serum lipid fractions were studied in ten patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) associated with long-standing spinal cord injury (SCI). A group of age-and sex-matched patients with long-standing SCI but normal renal function were included for comparison. Serum triglycerides were markedly elevated in SCI-CRF patients. Both SCI groups exhibited moderate hypocholesterolemia. High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was severely reduced in the SCI-CRF group and moderately reduced in the SCI-control group. Chronic renal failure, reduced physical activity and several other factors may be operative in the genesis of hypertriglyceridemia and reduced HDL-cholesterol levels in this condition. Further investigations are necessary to examine the possible effect of these lipid abnormalities on the cardiovascular system in these patients. PMID- 7133751 TI - Paraplegia following aortic surgery. AB - It has long been recognised that paraplegia may occur after various surgical procedures on the heart and the aorta. Paraplegia occurring following traumatic rupture of the aorta has not been commonly reported due to the dismal prognosis of such rupture. Over the past 3 years, we have encountered five patients who survived traumatic rupture of the aorta and developed paraplegia, and three patients who had chronic dissecting aneurysms of the aorta who also developed paraplegia. These patients continued to show neurological and functional improvement over the years. We are presenting these cases to illustrate their neurological improvement and to show that the prognosis for these patients may not be as dismal as previously reported once they survive the acute episode. PMID- 7133752 TI - Survival following traumatic tetraplegia. AB - The records of 363 patients presenting to the Spinal Unit of Royal Perth Rehabilitation Hospital with traumatic tetraplegia are reviewed. Mortality rates in both short and long terms are tabulated and correlated with the level of the lesion, age of the patient at the time of injury and completeness of the lesion. The mortality rate for patients sustaining a complete lesion above C5 at the end of 1 year after injury was 20 per cent if under the age of 45 years and 75 per cent if over the age of 45 years. The mortality rate of patients sustaining a complete lesion below C5 at the end of 1 year after injury was 8 per cent if under the age of 45 years and 66 per cent if over the age of 45 years. PMID- 7133753 TI - The gracilis musculocutaneous flap as a method of closure of ischial pressure sores: preliminary report. PMID- 7133754 TI - Anaemia in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury. PMID- 7133755 TI - An unusual injury of the cervical spine caused by a fork lift. AB - A case of very unusual aetiology is reported. A severe traumatic injury of the cervical spine was associated with a suspended bilateral phrenic nerve paralysis, with limited sensory involvement, and weakness of the muscles of the right upper limb. The neurological status was otherwise normal, apart from slight weakness of the left upper limb. Artificial ventilation was necessary. Respiratory recovery was slow. The neural aetiology is discussed in relation to spinal cord and/or root involvement. PMID- 7133756 TI - Recovery of simple hand function in tetraplegia patients following transfer of the musculo-cutaneous nerve into the median nerve. PMID- 7133757 TI - The adult ORLAU swivel walker--ambulation for paraplegic and tetraplegic patients. PMID- 7133758 TI - The effect of exposure of Staphylococcus aureus to penicillin on susceptibility to the bactericidal activity of human leukocytes. AB - The effect of brief exposure of staphylococci to penicillin upon susceptibility to leukocidal activity was studied. Antibiotic pretreated staphylococci were incubated with normal human leukocytes and viability of the bacteria was determined. Penicillin pretreated staphylococci were more susceptible to killing by leukocytes than untreated control bacteria. The extent of sensitization varied between different strains of staphylococci. When staphylococci were exposed simultaneously to leukocytes and penicillin, the bacteria were protected from the lethal action of penicillin. This study demonstrates that phagocytosed staphylococci are protected from penicillin, but prior exposure to the antibiotic increases their susceptibility to the activity of leukocytes. PMID- 7133759 TI - Iron deficiency and anemia among Indian women in Fiji. AB - In June 1979, 245 Hindu and 240 Moslem women of childbearing age (14-45 yr) living in a semi-rural area north of Lautoka were tested for anemia and for iron deficiency. Ninety-six (39%) of the 245 Hindu women and 77 (32%) of the 240 Moslem women were anemic according to World Health Organization criteria. Most of the cases of anemia were due to iron-deficiency. The prevalence of anemia did not change significantly with advancing age or increasing parity. Hookworm ova were found on examination of a single specimen of feces in 27 (14%) of 195 Hindu and 50 (24%) of 209 Moslem women. The presence of hookworm did not correlate with anemia. The red cell folate level was less than 160 micrograms/l in 117 (24%) of 478 women and the serum vitamin B12 level was less than 100 ng/l in 47 (10%) of 476 women. Subnormal levels of these vitamins did not correlate with anemia. The serum ferritin was determined to assess tissue iron stores. Two-hundred-and twenty-four (46%) of 484 Indian women tested had serum ferritin values of less than 10 microgram/l; 400 (83%) had ferritin values of less than 26 microgram/l. The high prevalence of iron deficiency appears to be due predominantly to dietary factors. PMID- 7133760 TI - The preparation of glomeruli from renal biopsy specimens for scanning electron microscopy. AB - A method for the preparation of human renal biopsy specimens for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is described. This involves glomerular isolation by fine needle dissection and the simultaneous processing of 10 or more specimens in a specially designed tissue cassette. The method is simple and reliable with minimal glomerular loss during processing. Processed glomeruli appear intact under the SEM. They have clean surfaces with minimal extraneous deposits. Surface topography of the glomerulus is clearly seen and changes of the podocytes in glomerular diseases can be readily studied. PMID- 7133761 TI - A morphometric study of the pelvi-ureteric junction and review of the pathogenesis of upper ureteric obstruction. AB - A morphometric analysis has been made of the normal human pelvi-ureteric junction and upper ureter. There was found to be no anatomically definable pelvi-ureteric junction. Muscle bundles of renal pelvis and upper ureter run a spiral course and do not form clear-cut layers. There is a great normal variation of thickness of the renal pelvic and ureteric muscularis, as well as of the total thickness of these structures. Smaller, but sometimes still large differences, are seen between right and left pelvi-ureteric specimens of individual patients. Suggested normal ranges of thickness are: (1) Renal pelvis: total thickness 340-1300 micrometers, muscularis 270-1100 micrometer. (2) Upper ureter: total thickness 450-1000 micrometer, muscularis 240-790 micrometer. No neurones are present in the renal pelvis or upper ureter. The possible etiologies of pelvi-ureteric obstruction are discussed. PMID- 7133762 TI - Toxin-induced cell membrane injury in guinea pigs given lincomycin. AB - Guinea pigs treated with lincomycin developed colitis, acute cholecystitis and abnormalities in red blood cell morphology. The present study was designed to study the production of clostridial toxins after lincomycin treatment. Lincomycin produced abnormalities in conventional but not in germ-free guinea pigs. Clostridium difficile was cultured from cecal contents of conventional guinea pigs treated with lincomycin. Cecal filtrate from sick guinea pigs was subjected to Sepharose 4B-CL and Sephadex G-200 column chromatography, yielding a partially purified toxin. Both cecal filtrate and partially purified toxin samples contained a heat labile substance which was cytotoxic to human lung fibroblast Wl 38 cells, and which was neutralized by Clostridium sordelli antitoxin. Toxin samples given orally or intraperitoneally killed normal guinea pigs. Finally, toxin samples induced red cell membrane changes in vitro as well as producing features of acute inflammation in healthy explants of guinea pig cecum and gallbladder in organ culture. Lincomycin treated guinea pigs produced Clostridium difficile toxin(s) which in turn caused diffuse cell membrane injury. PMID- 7133763 TI - A quality assurance programme for quantitative urine analyses. AB - Eighty-six Australasian laboratories participated in an interlaboratory quality assurance programme for 10 urine analytes. Twelve liquid samples were prepared from commercial lyophilized urine control material and distributed in 3 batches of 4. Use of pre-set acceptability limits for total laboratory error and target values facilitated timely feedback in graphic form. The samples had concentrations which were linearly related; this allowed simple calculation of overall imprecision and bias, graphic feedback of all submitted results, and comparison of performance between laboratories. A number of unsuitable and poor methods were identified. Particular attention must be paid, in future, to more widespread use of appropriate calibration and quality control materials, to avoidance of transcription and calculation errors, and to analysis of urine samples with elevated levels of analyte. Current laboratory performance can meet analytical goals for analyses of urine creatinine, phosphate, urate, and glucose but analysis of urine sodium, potassium, urea, calcium, osmolality, and proteins require a significant improvement. PMID- 7133764 TI - An inter-laboratory survey of qualitative urinalysis. AB - An inter-laboratory survey of qualitative urinalysis was carried out in Australasia during 1981. Eighty-one laboratories analysed 6 samples of urine distributed in 3 batches of 2 at regular bimonthly intervals, mostly with commercially available reagent strips. Fewer than 30% of laboratories performed any form of quality control for analytes other than pH. Results indicated that improvement in the analysis of urine bilirubin, protein, glucose, ketones and blood is required, and recommendations to improve standards are made. PMID- 7133765 TI - [Resistive and capacitative function of the vessels of the small intestine and filtration-absorption relations in short-term myocardial ischemia in cats]. PMID- 7133766 TI - [Changes in the blood transaminase activity and biochemical indices in the acute period of myocardial infarct in monkeys]. PMID- 7133767 TI - [Use of inosine in revivification for preventing postresuscitation circulatory failure]. PMID- 7133768 TI - [Dynamics of the development of postischemic cerebrovascular phenomena during perfusion of the cerebral vessels with a stable blood volume]. PMID- 7133769 TI - [Changes in the mechanical properties of the brain in the development of edema due to repeated venous stasis]. PMID- 7133770 TI - [Biogenic amine metabolism in experimental pulmonary edema]. PMID- 7133771 TI - [Role of the lysosomes in the pathogenesis of novodrin lesions of the myocardium]. PMID- 7133772 TI - [Early differences in the composition of cholesterol esters in the liver and blood serum as affected by an atherogenic diet]. PMID- 7133773 TI - [Effect of platelet homogenates on the morphological picture of L-929 mouse cells cultured in vitro]. PMID- 7133774 TI - [Superficial morphological and ultrastructural changes in BALB C/3T3 mouse cells cultured in a medium with an added verrucarin E analog WER I]. PMID- 7133775 TI - [Alveolar soft part sarcoma]. PMID- 7133776 TI - Prophylactic psychiatry. AB - The great contributions of Gantt to the problems of prophylactic psychiatry are pointed out. The author reviews his experiences with a 30-year follow-up of a population of 1800 persons. Over the 30 years, there appeared to be a 50% increase of neuroses, which raises great problems for mental health services. The Berlevag population was offered optimal psychiatric services. Behavior therapy of neuroses and drug treatment of depression may possibly have lowered the prevalence of mental disorders. Psychophysiologic tests were used in the project. It is hoped that such tests may be utilized for early detection and treatment of mental disorders. PMID- 7133777 TI - Effects of hemispheric asymmetry on electrodermal conditioning in a dichotic listening paradigm. AB - It was predicted that when an auditive verbal conditional stimulus (CS+), previously associated with an aversive unconditional stimulus (UCS), is presented to the right ear (initial left hemisphere input), in a dichotic listening task, with the CS- simultaneously presented in the left ear, the result would be greater resistance to extinction than when the same CS+ is presented to the left ear (initial right hemisphere input). In the same vein, it was predicted that, when a tonal CS+ is presented to the left ear, greater resistance to extinction would occur as compared with when it is presented to the right ear. During a dichotic test phase, each group was split into two subgroups, and the CS+ and CS- repeatedly were presented simultaneously to each ear. Half of the subjects in each subgroup had the CS+ presented to the left ear. The other half had the CS+ presented to the right ear. Skin conductance responses were recorded from both hands. Results showed significantly larger responding in all groups to the CS+/UCS compound during the acquisition phase. However, during the dichotic extinction phase, the verbal CS+ right-ear subgroup showed significantly larger resistance to extinction as compared with the verbal CS+ left-ear subgroup. No differences were found between the two tonal subgroups. PMID- 7133778 TI - Roles of the qualities and locations of stimuli and responses in simple associative learning. The quality-location hypothesis. AB - The Quality-Location Phenomenon is defined by the previous research of Lawicka (1964 and 1969) in which dogs easily learn go/no-go tasks to differences in stimulus quality and go-left/go-right tasks to differences in stimulus location whereas the opposite pairings of tasks and stimulus attributes are difficult to learn. The Lawicka-Konorski explanation in terms of drive differentiation and response selection is described, and a new hypothesis, the Quality-Location Hypothesis, is offered. This hypothesis states that the quality of a stimulus best serves as a cue for the quality of a response, whereas the location of a stimulus best serves as a cue for the location of a response. The evidence for the hypothesis is reviewed, and experimental considerations for its evaluation are mentioned. PMID- 7133779 TI - Behavior analysis of cigarette smoking. AB - Patterns of cigarette smoking, treated as series of discrete events in time, were investigated with a variety of quantitative techniques designed to characterize individual subject smoking series and to illuminate the relationship between cigarette smoking and environmental events. Data were collected from a total of 35 subjects who were either participants in residential laboratory studies or in a smoking cessation program. Cigarette smoking events were found to be fairly irregularly distributed with respect to time within individual subject series. However, strong dependencies were found between the occurrence in time of individual acts of cigarette smoking and coffee drinking. In addition, the distribution and frequency of smoking events throughout one-hour activity sequences were found to be dependent upon the nature of the activity, and the temporal scheduling of activities was found to affect several quantitative indices of smoking patterns. PMID- 7133780 TI - Autonomic responsivity during visual search of hyperactive and reading-disabled children. AB - Heart rate and skin conductance measures, recorded during a visual search task, were compared for hyperactive, reading-disabled, hyperactive reading-disabled, and control elementary school boys. As shown in past work, basal autonomic levels did not statistically differentiate groups. In all groups, heart rate levels increased with task complexity, but more so on reward than on nonreward trials. In the intertrial interval, heart rate decelerated consistently when subjects were anticipating stimuli associated with reward, but when reward was uncertain, heart rate accelerated slightly or stayed the same. Control subjects exhibited anticipatory heart rate deceleration more consistently than did clinical subjects, especially the solely hyperactive ones. Skin conductance levels first decreased, then rose as task complexity increased, but the groups did not differ on this measure. A conditioning model is outlined to explain directional changes in heart rate. PMID- 7133781 TI - Hippocampal lesions and Pavlovian cardiovascular conditioning. AB - New Zealand albino rabbits received either sham, cortical control, or hippocampal lesions and were subjected to differential Pavlovian conditioning in which tones of different frequencies served as conditional stimuli (CSs), and a brief paraorbital electric shock train served as the unconditional stimulus. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and electromyographic (EMG) conditional responses (CRs) were recorded. Animals with cortical and hippocampal damage or animals with cortical damage alone revealed attenuated bradycardiac CRs, but HR CRs of the former two groups did not significantly differ. BP changes were minimal; reliable differences were not obtained between CS+ and CS-. However, these changes consisted of small but reliable depressor responses, which were not affected by either cortical or hippocampal lesions. Few EMG CRs were obtained. These data, combined with those of previous experiments, suggest that forebrain structures may modulate higher level processing of stimulus information, perhaps in terms of assessing the biological significance of such stimulation. PMID- 7133782 TI - [Lymphatic nodules of the bone marrow in autopsy cases]. PMID- 7133783 TI - [An unusual case of double IgD-IgA monoclonal gammopathy]. PMID- 7133784 TI - A pediatrician's view: Normal adolescent sexuality. PMID- 7133785 TI - Adolescent sexuality: an ethical issue for the pediatrician. PMID- 7133786 TI - Communicating with adolescents and young adults about sexuality. PMID- 7133787 TI - Adolescent sexuality and the family. AB - The pediatrician is in an excellent position to provide anticipatory guidance to parents in their attempts to cope with their teenagers' sexuality. The primary approach is early recognition of the child as a "sexual" being. Encouragement of dialogue between parent and child about many issues, including sexuality, appears to be the most natural course. Age-appropriate publications can be used along with parent discussions (not as a substitute for discussion). By the time the child reaches adolescence, a parent should have taken as much opportunity as was given to provide the basis for reasonable decision-making by the adolescent. The parent may offer support and guidance in decision-making, but often finds that dogmatic, obedience-centered dictates fall on deaf ears. Handling one's sexuality is a part of the normative process in attaining adulthood. Adolescents who are developmentally competent should be given full support in taking responsibility for their own sexual behavior. This includes consenting for one's own care when appropriate. A developmental perspective in consideration of the needs of parents and teens provides the framework for the pediatrician to be a resource for both. PMID- 7133788 TI - On masturbation. PMID- 7133789 TI - Preparation for menarche: maturational event vs. hygienic crisis. PMID- 7133790 TI - Symposium on the newborn. PMID- 7133791 TI - Patent ductus arteriosus: recent advances in diagnosis and management. PMID- 7133792 TI - Neonatal polycythemia and hyperviscosity. PMID- 7133793 TI - Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. PMID- 7133795 TI - Interventions in the premature nursery: impact on development. PMID- 7133794 TI - The infant of the diabetic mother. PMID- 7133796 TI - Noninvasive diagnostic techniques in newborn infants. PMID- 7133797 TI - Intracranial bleeding from child abuse: the value of skull radiographs. PMID- 7133799 TI - Unusual renal distortion and displacement due to the spleen. AB - Occasional normal anatomic variations may produce radiographic appearances that closely simulate disease and visceral enlargement may cause unusual displacements of adjacent organs. Two cases are reported in whom prominent splenic lobulation caused flattening of the upper pole of the left kidney. The appearance simulated that produced by a supra-renal mass. The value of CT in differentiating this normal variation from disease is discussed. A third patient in whom massive splenomegaly caused upward displacement of the left kidney is also reported. The literature concerning visceral relationships in the left upper quadrant and the normal variations that simulate disease is reviewed. PMID- 7133798 TI - The radiology of enteritis due to hemolytic-uremic syndrome. AB - The hemolytic-uremic syndrome is a distinct entity of variable severity and unknown etiology characterized by hemolytic anemia, renal failure, and thrombocytopenia. Some patients present with a gastrointestinal prodrome prior to the development of renal failure. Radiologic features include submucosal edema, spasm, and superficial ulcerations. There may be subsequent post-ischemic stricture formation. When these non-specific radiologic features are correlated with patient age, clinical history, and peripheral blood smear, the radiologist may be the first to suggest the diagnosis of hemolytic-uremic syndrome. PMID- 7133800 TI - Ct in the surveillance and current control of children with extracranial malignant tumours. AB - The clinical value of computerized body tomography (CT) was analysed in 221 consecutive examinations performed in the evaluation and surveillance of 74 children with various types of extracranial solid malignant tumours. CT was performed as part of a routine diagnostic reassessment in 104 cases and was clinically indicated in 117. CT detected subclinical relapse in five cases in the first category of scans and was diagnostic of local recurrence, progression or complications in 20 of the clinically indicated examinations. CT has been non contributory or incorrect in 12 cases, and informative about the therapeutic response or confirmative of remission in the remaining scans. In order to utilize the limited capacity of the scanner in the best way possible, CT should primarily be performed in patients, where clinical findings indicate need for further investigations. Its use as an adjunct in the periodic diagnostic reassessment should be restricted to high risk patients or selected cases, otherwise difficult to investigate. PMID- 7133801 TI - Changes in cerebral white matter in a case of congenital muscular dystrophy. PMID- 7133802 TI - Cystic neuroblastoma of the adrenal gland--a potential source of error in ultrasonic diagnosis. PMID- 7133803 TI - Recovery of cardiovascular function in newborn lambs after thoracotomy. AB - Knowledge of the quality and speed of recovery after thoracotomy is crucial for studies of the early changes in cardiovascular function in the neonatal period. We studied the early recovery period after thoracotomy with pericardiotomy, but without ventriculotomy, in 21 lambs operated on between 2-24 days after birth. In 15 lambs, we measured resting pH,, PaO2, PaCO2, O2 consumption, cardiac output, heart rate, and aortic and pulmonary arterial pressures, before and after thoracotomy, daily for 1 wk. We found that, except for PaO2 (82 versus 87 torr), all variables returned to normal by the third day after thoracotomy. Four lambs were exposed to hypoxia (FIO2 0.09 for 1 h) before and 3 days after thoracotomy; hypoxia-induced changes were not different at the two different periods. Six other lambs, undergoing thoracotomy within the first 3 days after birth and exposed to hypoxia on the third postoperative day, had hypoxia-induced responses similar to six age-matched nonthoracotomized lambs. These findings indicate recovery of cardiovascular function by 48-72 h after thoracotomy. We believe, therefore, that reliable studies of the circulation in lambs are possible as early as 3-4 days after birth, even if thoracotomy is required for making measurements. PMID- 7133804 TI - Uteroplacental blood flow during pregnancy in chronically catheterized guinea pigs. AB - Uterine blood flow and its distribution to uterus, placenta and subplacental structures was measured in 18 pregnant guinea pigs studied under chronic steady state conditions. Maternal cardiac output averaged 266 +/- 14 ml/min. Placental blood flow (PBF) remained less than 4 ml/min until 50 days gestation, after which it increased rapidly, attaining flows of 16 ml/min at term. PBF also increased linearly with placental weight (r = 0.76, P less than 0.001); however, the increase in PBF with gestational age is evident even in narrow weight ranges, indicating hyperperfusion of term placentas relative to those earlier in gestation. Fetal weight correlated with measured placental blood flow supplying the corresponding placenta after 50 days gestation (r = 0.72, P less than 0.001). PMID- 7133805 TI - Polyamine metabolism during the perinatal development of the rabbit right and left ventricle. AB - The right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) free wall weights, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) specific activity and polyamine content were determined in fetal, 1-, 2-, 7-, 14-, and 21-day-old rabbit hearts. There was a significant increase in the LV free wall weight and a decrease in RV free wall weight between 1-7 days. By day 7 the LV/RV mass ratio doubled and reached a ratio comparable to that seen in adult rabbit hearts. The rate of change in the LV and RV free wall weights were comparable after day 7. There was a significant increase in LV ODC specific activity and a decrease in RV ODC specific activity after birth. The LV ODC specific activity was significantly greater than RV ODC specific activity in both 1 and 2 day old rabbit hearts whereas they were not significantly different in 7 and 14 day old rabbit hearts. The molar content (nmoles/mg wet weight or nmoles/mg protein) of putrescine decreased approximately 3-fold after birth in the RV but increased approximately 2-fold in the LV. The molar content of spermidine and spermine was transiently increased after birth (1 day old) in both RV and LV with approximately a 2-fold increase in spermidine and a 2.5-fold (LV) and 4-fold (RV) increase in spermine content. The increase in LV putrescine content after birth was due, at least in part, to the observed increase in ODC specific activity in the LV free wall. The putrescine/spermidine ratio increased in the LV and decreased in the RV immediately after birth up to day 7. As opposed to the short-lived increase in spermidine and spermine observed in both the RV and the LV free wall, increased ODC specific activity and putrescine accumulation uniquely characterized the preferential growth of the LV between day 1 and 7. PMID- 7133806 TI - Blood coagulation changes following hypoxemia in the near-term fetal lamb. PMID- 7133807 TI - Maternal hyperglycemia and its effect on the placental transport of ascorbic acid. PMID- 7133808 TI - Reduction of cerebrospinal fluid phenylalanine after oral administration of valine, isoleucine, and leucine. AB - A supplement of the branched chain amino acids, valine, isoleucine, and leucine (VIL) was administered orally to patients with phenylketonuria, either together with unrestricted diet of natural protein or with a low phenylalanine diet. The VIL supplement brought about a significant reduction of the cerebrospinal fluid serum ratio of phenylalanine from a mean value of 0.254 without VIL to 0.204 with VIL. The reduction varied from 15-40% (mean 21%). Concentrations of glycine, lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan, and tyrosine were within normal limits in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of infants with phenylketonuria. No amino acid imbalance was created by the supplement and no adverse effects from VIL were observed. PMID- 7133809 TI - Maturation of the small intestine: absorption of L-valine in rats. PMID- 7133810 TI - In vitro study of the incorporation and transport of nonesterified fatty acids into the phospholipids of the red blood cell membranes of cystic fibrosis patients. AB - The in vitro incorporation and transport of plasma nonesterified fatty acids into phospholipids of red cell membranes have been studied in cystic fibrosis and healthy children. Red blood cells were labeled in vitro by an active "acyltransferase"-dependent incorporation of radioactively labeled nonesterified fatty acids. [3H]-Palmitic and [14C]-linoleic acid, bound to albumin, have been studied simultaneously because it has been shown before that the concentration of palmitic acid increases and the concentration of linoleic acid decreases both in the plasma nonesterified fatty acid fraction and in the various phospholipids of the erythrocyte membranes of cystic fibrosis patients. The labeled cells were reincubated in autologous serum and the radioactivity present in the serum lipids and in the major phospholipid fractions of the erythrocyte membranes was measured. A general conclusion is that the in vitro turnover of labeled palmitic and linoleic acids in the phospholipids of the erythrocyte membranes is higher for cystic fibrosis patients than for healthy children. No difference is detectable between the in vitro behaviour of [14C]-linoleic versus [3H]-palmitic acid in cystic fibrosis patients compared with healthy children. PMID- 7133813 TI - Control of breathing in children with interstitial lung disease. AB - Control of breathing at rest was studied in 14 children (4-16 years old) with interstitial lung disease (ILD). Four of them were tested several times. Breathing pattern and the mouth occlusion pressure (P0.1) were measured. Results in ILD children were compared to values in healthy children previously reported. Respiratory frequency and minute ventilation were increased (P less than 0.02). Inspiratory time (TI) was shortened (P less than 0.001), the shortening in TI being significantly related to the increase in lung elastance (EL). The ratio of TI to the total duration of the respiratory cycle (TI/TTOT) was lowered (P less than 0.01). Tidal volume (VT) both in ml and normalized for body weight (BW) was normal. P0.1 was higher than predicted. The increase in P0.1 was significantly related to change in arterial O2 pressure (PaO2) which was reduced in 10 cases. There was a significant relationship between the increase in P0.1 and in EL. The increase in mean inspiratory flow (VTBW/TI) was related to the increase in EL. But VTBW/TI was not increased as much as P0.1. Consequently the effective inspiratory impedance was enhanced. This high effective inspiratory impedance was related to the increased lung elastance. PMID- 7133811 TI - Changing plasma and urinary organic acid levels in a patient with isovaleric acidemia during an attack. AB - Organic acids in plasma and urine of a patient with isovaleric acidemia were measured serially during a severe ketoacidotic attack. Urinary ketone bodies, lactic acid and 2-hydroxy-n-butyric acid changed in parallel with the plasma isovaleric acid concentration, which was correlated closely with the severity of the clinical symptoms. A 2-day lag was observed between the time of the peak plasma isovaleric acid level and that of the highest urinary excretion of 3 hydroxyisovaleric acid, methylsuccinic acid, mesaconic acid and 2 hydroxyisobutyric acid, the total quantity of which amounted to one-third of that of isovalerylglycine on the 4th day of the attack. Urinary isovalerylglycine excretion remained at a plateau for 4 days after the highest level of plasma isovaleric acid was observed. The decrease of urinary hippuric acid excretion during the attack continued until the patient had recovered enough to be able to eat. Benzoic acid administration concomitant with leucine and glycine canceled the effect of glycine in lessening the rise of plasma isovaleric acid concentration after a leucine load. PMID- 7133812 TI - Intestinal maturation in the rat: the effect of glucocorticoids on sodium, potassium, water and glucose absorption. AB - The effect of glucocorticoids on the intestinal transport of water, electrolytes, and glucose in the infancy period is not known. Therefore, we studied the effect of parenteral glucocorticoids on intestinal transport of water, electrolytes and glucose in suckling rats with an in vivo single pass perfusion technique. Glucocorticoids enhanced significantly net sodium transport only in the colon segments compared to controls. Net sodium transport in the small intestinal segments was similar in glucocorticoid and control groups. Similar to adult animals, glucocorticoids enhanced glucose transport in the ileum, but not in jejunum segments. Net potassium absorption was decreased five-fold in jejunum segments and reversed to net secretion in the ileum and colon segments by glucocorticoids. These results are the first to extend the known effects of glucocorticoids into the infancy period. PMID- 7133815 TI - Mucin release from rabbit tracheal epithelium in response to sera from normal and cystic fibrosis subjects. AB - We have developed an assay for the release of mucous glycoproteins secreted by rabbit tracheal mucosa to study the mucus-stimulating properties of cystic fibrosis (CF) serum. Glycoproteins are labeled to equilibrium with both [35] sulfate and [3H]-glucosamine. The relative secretory rate (RSR) of these glycoproteins is assessed after incubation with 50% (v/v) CF and control sera. Serum from all sources significantly increased the RSR for incubation times ranging from 10 min to 4 h. CF serum produced a significantly greater RSR than control serum after 10 min exposure, but not after longer exposure intervals. After 10 min, RSR for [35SO4]-glycoproteins was 3.6 +/- 0.2 in the presence of sera from healthy individuals, and 2.3 +/- 0.4 in the presence of sera from control patients with lung disease. Heterozygote RSR values were usually higher than control values, but not different than CF homozygote values. The CF serum activity was reduced by freezing and thawing. Increasing the calcium content of incubation medium did not alter serum effects. Calcium inophore A23187 did not mimic CF serum activity. High molecular weight and albumin, but not IgG, fractions from Sephadex G-200 chromatography of CF and control sera generally contained high levels of mucin-release activity. No chromatographic pattern of activity was distinctive for CF. PMID- 7133816 TI - Babies at double hazard: early development of infants at biologic and social risk. AB - From the population of a neonatal intensive care unit, 114 infants and their families were followed from birth to age 3 1/2 years. Infants showing massive brain damage at birth and/or severe mental retardation at 7 months of age were excluded from this analysis. The remainder were predominantly poor and nonwhite. The group showed normal cognitive development through age 15 months. By 28 months of age and thereafter, a severe decline in cognitive status proved to be associated with social class. In addition, serious behavioral maladjustment led to improverished cognitive development. The incidence of maladjustment was unrelated to social class. The impact of maladjustment on test scores was significant in all classes, but greater for the higher rather than the lower socioeconomic social groups. Neither neurologic pathology (excepting severe brain damage) nor gestational age (small for gestation age [SGA] vs appropriate for gestational age [AGA]) had a significant effect on IQ scores at 3 1/2 years of age. It is suggested that environmental deficits and stresses impair early cognitive and psychosocial development for both full-term and premature infants, but that the latter group is more vulnerable to environmental insufficiencies than are full-term babies. PMID- 7133817 TI - Validation of an early language milestone scale in a high-risk population. AB - Detailed language evaluations were obtained by interviewing the parents of 191 healthy children aged 0 to 3 years, and by testing the children themselves. From these data, normative values were derived for 41 language milestones in the first 36 months of life. These values were used to construct the Early Language Milestone Scale (ELM Scale), a brief language assessment tool suitable for use by general pediatricians. Physician use of the ELM Scale in a population of 119 children considered at high risk for the presence of developmental disability yielded 97% sensitivity and 93% specificity for the ELM Scale as a detector of developmentally delayed children, when compared with more formal developmental measures as applied by a clinical psychologist or speech pathologist. Early language milestones are a sensitive indicator of developmental integrity; delayed achievement of early language milestones strongly suggests the presence of a significant underlying developmental disability. The ELM Scale may be adopted as a valid measure of developmental status among children considred at high risk for the presence of developmental disabilities. PMID- 7133814 TI - The effects of chronic renal failure in infancy on growth, nutritional status and body composition. PMID- 7133818 TI - Congenital central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome in six infants. AB - Six infants with congenital alveolar hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) were seen and observed over several years. Two had an association of CCHS with Hirchsprung's disease. All infants were treated by tracheostomy and mechanical ventilation. Three infants have survived (including one with CCHS and Hirchsprung's disease). However, all survivors have required frequent rehospitalization. The infant with the longest survival (now 4 years of age) has developed significant daytime problems involving the "behavioral control" of ventilation. One infant was considered as a "near miss for sudden infant death syndrome" and became significantly symptomatic after establishment of delta (stage 3-4 non-rapid eye movement) sleep, which normally develops between 2 and 4 months of age. CCHS involves autonomic nervous system dysfunction, and the question of a defect involving the integration of chemoreceptor information more than a direct defect of the central chemoreceptor is discussed. PMID- 7133819 TI - Chronic alveolar hypoventilation secondary to macroglossia in the Beckwith Wiedemann syndrome. PMID- 7133820 TI - Recurrent pneumonia in children and its relationship to bronchial hyperreactivity. AB - To determine what conditions are most likely to cause persistent or recurrent pneumonia (PRP) in children, the records of 81 children referred to James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children for evaluation of PRP were reviewed. Twenty patients had an apparent underlying cause that predisposed them to PRP. Of the 61 remaining patients (mean age 3.8 years) without any apparent cause for PRP, 49% had a history of allergy or family history of asthma, 31% patients had a history of wheezing and 18% were wheezing during their initial visit. No patient had an elevated sweat chloride determination or immunoglobulin deficiency. Of the 12 patients who were able to be recalled for pulmonary function testing, three had airflow obstruction that responded to an inhaled bronchodilator (isoproterenol). Of the nine patients with normal function, eight responded to methacholine with a decrease from base line in the one-second forced expiratory volume of greater than 20%. In all, 92% of those tested had bronchial hyperreactivity. These results indicate that asthma is a common cause of PRP in children and that PRP may occur as the initial symptom even in the absence of wheezing. PMID- 7133821 TI - Membranous laryngotracheobronchitis. PMID- 7133822 TI - Evaluation of infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia using cardiac catheterization. AB - Nine infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia underwent cardiac catheterization to define thier circulatory status. In room air, the mean cardiac index was normal (3.4 liters/min/sq m), but pulmonary arterial pressure (39 mm Hg, mean) and pulmonary vascular resistance (8.6 Wood units . sq m) were elevated. Preejection period/right ventricular ejection time ratios determined echocardiographically correlated well with values obtained at catheterization, but did not correlate well with hemodynamic values. Administration of 40% and 88% oxygen caused variable responses in hemodynamic measurements. Studies of left ventricular function were normal in all patients. These findings raise questions about the long-term prognosis of infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. PMID- 7133824 TI - Serial studies of circulating immune complexes in poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. AB - Levels of circulating immune complexes were determined in 30 children who suffered from acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. The study was started in the acute phase of the disease and continued for one year. Raji cell radioimmune assay was used for the detection of immune complexes. The patients had significantly elevated levels of immune complexes during the acute phase, especially in the first three days after the onset of hematuria. Six months later the levels of immune complexes declined to slightly elevated levels, and nine months after the initial attack, no immune complexes were detectable. However, the patients who had persistent hematuria and proteinuria continued to have detectable immune complexes during this time. PMID- 7133823 TI - Multiple microaerophilic streptococcal lung abscesses after orthodontic treatment. AB - An immunocompetent 12-year-old boy developed multiple microaerophilic streptococcal lung abscesses after application of orthodontic bands ("braces"). The dental work was done in the supine position. The data suggest that the patient aspirated the organisms and, possibly, flecks of dental cement, during orthodontic treatment. "Rubber dams" should be used to help prevent aspiration in children who receive dental work in the supine position. When a rubber dam cannot be used, as with orthodontic treatment, physicians should advise patients who are at risk for developing pulmonary infection (eg, patients with neuromuscular diseases which compromise cough and/or gag, cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, primary immunodeficiency, etc) to have this dental work, including orthodontic treatment, performed in the erect position. PMID- 7133825 TI - Examination of genitalia in children: 'the remaining taboo'. AB - Trained student observers rated 123 physical examinations by pediatric house staff during health care maintenance visits to assess the frequency of examinations done on male and female genitalia compared with examination of ears, heart, and abdomen. Sixty-five observations were made of 21 male house staff and 58 observations of 18 female house staff. One to five examinations per physician were observed. Whereas physicians examined the ears, heart, and abdomen of pediatric patients greater than or equal to 97% of the time regardless of the sex or age of the child, female genitalia were examined 39% of the time and male genitalia 84% of the time. Female genitalia were examined approximately half as frequently as male genitalia at all ages with a trend to less frequent genital examinations on older children. Both male and female physicians examined female genitalia less frequently than male genitalia. It is concluded that increased emphasis is needed in house staff training programs on the examination of genitalia. PMID- 7133826 TI - The irresponsible expert witness: a failure of biomedical graduate education and professional accountability. AB - Many forces have created the epidemic of negligence and malpractice litigation. One of the contributing factors to the rising rate of nonmeritorious litigation is the increasing number of unequalified and irresponsible expert witnesses. The high remuneration has attracted physician-scientists who are unaware of the proper role of an expert witness. They are frequently manipulated by the attorneys and function as partisans rather than scholars. The role of the expert witness should be taught in medical and graduate school. Testimony should be taught in medical and graduate school. Testimony should be treated as a scholarly endeavor and experts should be encouraged to seek peer review of their opinions and not to testify secretly and in isolation. It is suggested that greater visibility of experts and their testimony (light of day phenomenon) should raise the quality of expert witness testimony and encourage more qualified experts to participate as expert witnesses, thus removing the stigmata usually associated with unqualified expert witnesses. PMID- 7133827 TI - Early contact and maternal-infant bonding: one decade later. PMID- 7133829 TI - Current distribution and trends in the location pattern of pediatricians, family physicians, and general practitioners between 1976 and 1979. AB - The literature suggests that pediatricians in the United States are concentrated in the more densely populated regions and states, whereas family physicians and general practitioners are more likely to settle in rural areas. The rapidly increasing supply of all child health physicians had led many to hypothesize that the traditional geographic preferences of pediatricians would expand to include smaller communities. Data for 1976 to 1979 confirm the urban concentration of pediatricians and the more even distribution of family physicians and general practitioners. These data also demonstrate a marked imbalance of pediatricians within county groups, resulting in some areas of shortage even within highly metropolitan communities. Evidence of a trend toward increased dispersion of pediatricians into urban shortage areas is presented, but there is no indication that enough pediatricians will settle in rural areas to meet the needs of children in those small communities. PMID- 7133828 TI - Family life events and behavioral problems in preschool-aged children. AB - The relationship between family life events and rates of maternal reports of child behavior and child rearing problems was studied in a birth cohort of 1,265 New Zealand preschool-aged children. Mothers experiencing a large number of life events reported higher rates of child rearing problems. The correlation between family life events and child rearing problems persisted when a number of statistical measures of family and social background were taken into account. Possible explanations for the relationship between family life events and maternal reports of child rearing problems are discussed. PMID- 7133830 TI - The increasing number of children using psychiatric services: analysis of a cumulative psychiatric case register. AB - Psychosocial problems of children have received increasing attention in the pediatric literature, but it remains unclear to what extent psychiatric services are available and used for the treatment of these problems. This paper examines the utilization of psychiatric services by children over an 18-year period in Monroe County, NY, where a psychiatric case register monitors utilization since 1960. Reporting to the register is estimated at more than 90% of utilization for the child population. By 1977, the last year for which reasonably complete data are available, enough information had accumulated to study the lifetime utilization of all children up to 17 years of age. During the last three years of the study period, the lifetime prevalence of illness treated in psychiatric facilities including private psychiatrists' offices was 3% for children aged 5 to 9 years, 5.5% for children aged 10 to 14 years, and 7.3% for those aged 15 to 17 years. The incidence of newly recognized and treated illness was approximately .7% per year in the age range 5 to 14 years and 1.0% for those aged 15 to 17. Community mental health centers brought a marked increase in treated incidence especially for the nonwhite population. Utilization rose during the first 15 years of the study period and reached a plateau by the mid-1970s. Two interpretations of this stabilization of utilization are offered. The first one suggests that needs and utilization are still increasing, but that this rise is masked in the data by a drop in reporting providers. The second interpretation suggests that supply and demand for services have become balanced since the establishment of four community mental health centers. PMID- 7133832 TI - American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Diseases 'Red Book' update. PMID- 7133834 TI - Isoniazid and other drugs. PMID- 7133833 TI - Neural tube defects decreasing in England. PMID- 7133831 TI - Observation scales to identify serious illness in febrile children. PMID- 7133836 TI - Promoting successful breast-feeding. PMID- 7133835 TI - Agoraphobia and imipramine withdrawal? PMID- 7133838 TI - Bilirubin toxicity model questioned. PMID- 7133837 TI - Care for foster children on the move. PMID- 7133839 TI - CHARGE association. PMID- 7133840 TI - Adverse reactions associated with DTP immunizations. PMID- 7133841 TI - Improvement of phagocytosis and nitroblue tetrazolium reduction after exchange transfusions in two preterm infants with severe septicemia. PMID- 7133843 TI - [Anemic syndrome in children with chronic kidney failure]. PMID- 7133842 TI - [Clinical importance of the comprehensive study of transamidinase, lactate and malate dehydrogenases and isoenzymes of the redox enzymes in glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis in children]. PMID- 7133844 TI - [Characteristics of the adaptive reaction of central and peripheral blood circulation in pyelonephritis in children]. PMID- 7133846 TI - [Role of genealogical analysis in detecting infants at risk of kidney diseases]. PMID- 7133845 TI - [Radioisotope renography in the assessment of kidney function in glomerulonephritis in children]. PMID- 7133847 TI - [Composition of the peripheral blood lymphoid population in hypoplastic anemias in children]. PMID- 7133848 TI - [Granulocyte characteristics in leukopenias in children]. PMID- 7133849 TI - [Peripheral blood and the cytochemical indices of children of the peoples in northern Siberia]. PMID- 7133852 TI - [Treatment aspects of glomerulonephritis in children]. PMID- 7133850 TI - [Diagnosis of chronic duodenal obstruction in children]. PMID- 7133851 TI - [Respiratory emphysema caused by foreign bodies in the respiratory tract in children]. PMID- 7133854 TI - [Current views of juvenile gynecomastia and its possible treatment methods]. PMID- 7133855 TI - [Experience in organizing recreation in Noril'sk]. PMID- 7133853 TI - [Current concepts of the causes of sudden death in infants]. PMID- 7133856 TI - [Case of acrodynia]. PMID- 7133857 TI - [Case of meningoencephalitis of mononucleosis etiology in a 5-month-old infant]. PMID- 7133858 TI - [Rheumatoid arthritis with secondary amyloidosis in an 11-year-old boy]. PMID- 7133859 TI - [Lymphocytes binding the basement membrane antigen of the kidney glomeruli in glomerulonephritis in children]. PMID- 7133860 TI - [State of the blood coagulation system in neonates according to microcoagulation test data]. PMID- 7133861 TI - [Cytophotometric determination of DNA in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of neonates]. PMID- 7133862 TI - [Functional activity of the peripheral blood neutrophils in asphyxia neonatorum]. PMID- 7133864 TI - [Role of immune complexes in newborn infants with acute respiratory viral infections and pneumonia]. PMID- 7133866 TI - [Evaluation of the functional state of the adrenal cortex in newborn infants with suppurative septic pathology]. PMID- 7133865 TI - [State of the immunological reactivity in newborn infants with suppurative septic infection]. PMID- 7133863 TI - [Pathology of the microcirculatory bed in premature infants]. PMID- 7133868 TI - [Effect of different types of infant food on the physical development and health status of infants in the 1st year of life]. PMID- 7133869 TI - [Interrelation of thiamine and lipid metabolic disorders in infants with chronic nutrition disorders and rachitis]. PMID- 7133867 TI - [Principles of neonatal care in a pediatric polyclinic]. PMID- 7133870 TI - [Rachitis and rachitis-like changes in children receiving anticonvulsant therapy]. PMID- 7133872 TI - [Computerized diagnosis of syndrome of multiple congenital developmental defects]. PMID- 7133871 TI - [Evaluation of clinical laboratory findings in infants with secondary transient thymomegaly]. PMID- 7133874 TI - [Mitral valve prolapse syndrome in children with arrhythmia of uncertain etiology]. PMID- 7133873 TI - [Clinical picture and treatment of chalasia in infants]. PMID- 7133875 TI - [Role of instrumental methods in the diagnosis of diseases of the lower urinary tract in children with pyelonephritis]. PMID- 7133876 TI - [Septic forms of yersinia infections in children]. PMID- 7133877 TI - [Lung damage in severe forms of acute intestinal infections in children as a manifestation of infections toxic shock]. PMID- 7133878 TI - [Use of leukocyte interferon in the treatment of children with viral hepatitis]. PMID- 7133880 TI - [Chronic colitis in children]. PMID- 7133882 TI - [Etiology and pathogenesis of funnel chest]. PMID- 7133879 TI - [Clinical variants and types of course of food allergy in children]. PMID- 7133881 TI - [Level of chorionic gonadotropin in the serum of the human fetus and neonate]. PMID- 7133883 TI - [Arterial hypertension of complex origin in a child]. PMID- 7133884 TI - [Necrotizing ulcerative enterocolitis and its complications in infants]. PMID- 7133886 TI - [Analysis of growth and skeletal maturation of 80 young international gymnasts]. PMID- 7133885 TI - [Thyroid function in mothers and neonates with congenital hypothyroidism]. PMID- 7133888 TI - [Severe neonatal hypoxemia and tolazoline. Apropos of 10 cases]. PMID- 7133887 TI - [Recurrences of acute rheumatic fever in Tunisian children. Apropos of 100 cases]. PMID- 7133891 TI - [Congenital myasthenia and arthrogryposis. Apropos of 2 cases manifesting at birth]. PMID- 7133889 TI - [Spontaneous chylothorax in neonates. Favorable course through the use of medium chain triglycerides]. PMID- 7133890 TI - [Polycystic kidneys dominantly transmitted in an infant]. PMID- 7133892 TI - [Extramembranous glomerulonephritis in chronic septic granulomatosis]. PMID- 7133893 TI - [What is your diagnosis? Bochdalek's hernia in an infant]. PMID- 7133895 TI - Visual masking with presentations in same and opposite visual fields: evidence for contralateral masking. AB - Three experiments were conducted in a preliminary attempt to study the effects of presentations of an informational target stimulus to the right or left visual fields when the target was either preceded or followed by a noninformational masking stimulus and when the mask was presented to the same or opposite visual field of the target. Results indicated that masking was more effective in the same than in the opposite visual field but that masking of the opposite visual field was feasible for both forward and backward masking. Laterality effects were also found for forward and backward masking, with a modest advantage of the right visual field (left hemisphere) in both cases. Limitations of the data and directions for future research were discussed. PMID- 7133894 TI - Construct validity of the Weigl Color-Form Sorting Test. AB - This research, conducted on 38 male psychiatric inpatients, replicated previous findings that inability to "shift" conceptual attitude on the Weigl Color-Form Sorting Test is consistent with indices often associated with cortical dysfunction, such as Bender-Gestalt recall, WAIS Similarities subtest scores, and age. Regression analysis yielded a multiple R of .52, with ability to shift predictable from the difference between WAIS Verbal IQ and subjects' age. The relationship between the Weigl and the Hooper approached significance, but that between the Weigl and Trail Making did not. The Weigl might serve as a non-verbal instrument to assess cortical dysfunction where inability to "shift" appears to tap a dysfunction in symbolic reasoning rather than spatial reasoning. PMID- 7133896 TI - Spatial mapping of two-dimensional sound patterns presented sequentially. AB - Man's spatial perception was investigated on the basis of acoustic input in the extrapersonal frame of reference. Sounds from a two-dimensional loudspeaker array outlined sequentially the contours of various digits. The underlying mechanisms involved in this auditory-spatial task were analyzed according to alterations in the vertical and horizontal spread of the patterns. The results demonstrated that two-dimensional sound patterns are identified mainly but not only on the basis of their horizontal spread. Differences between visual and auditory pattern perception are discussed in the context of supramodal spatial functions, and the present findings are linked to their neuropsychological application. PMID- 7133897 TI - Comparison of the Bender-Gestalt and revised Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration. AB - The Bender-Gestalt and the Developmental Test of Visual-motor Integration were administered to two groups of 40 children each, ages 7 through 10 yr. Developmental age scores (Koppitz scoring) and age equivalents (Revised Beery manual) were obtained. Children screened for learning disabilities were selected for one group and children enrolled in regular classrooms were selected for another group. The correlation of .74 between the Bender and Beery test scores was high and statistically significant for the learning-disabled group. The correlation of .36 was low though statistically significant for the regular students, which suggests the groups performed differently on the tests. A significant mean difference of 9 mo. was noted between the Bender and Beery scores. PMID- 7133898 TI - Effects of contextual interference on the memory of older females differing in levels of physical activity. AB - The acquisition and retention effects of contextual interference on a coincidence anticipation task over long retention intervals were investigated on older females (54 to 83 yr.) differing in levels of physical activity. Half of the subjects were regular participants in an exercise program for older adults. The other half did not participate in the program and through a self-report instrument indicated minimal involvement in physical activities. Active subjects recalled the tasks after 10 min. better than the less active subjects, but no differences were found at the longer intervals (1 wk. or 40 days). A significant interaction occurred between activity level and contextual interference in retention supporting Battig's (1979) views on memory. High contextual interference facilitated retention for active subjects. Responding to variable input over trials (high contextual interference) is considered by Battig to induce multiple and variable processing strategies which would facilitate retention. These results support a relationship between levels of activity and cognitive functioning of aged subjects. PMID- 7133899 TI - Perception of the Muller-Lyer illusion for augmenters and reducers: an exploratory study. PMID- 7133900 TI - Locus of control in predicting differential response to a treatment for flight anxiety. AB - Response to an informational-experiential treatment for flight anxiety was compared for 5 internal and 6 external aerophobics. The treatment provided an understanding of the noises and events of a typical commercial flight by relating these to flying an airplane simulator. Locus of control was significantly related to outcome of treatment. Internal subjects reported both more control and less anxiety on an actual post-treatment commercial flight than did external subjects. The results support the contention that understanding is a form of control and that internal persons more effectively utilize control-oriented treatments. PMID- 7133901 TI - Short-term retention of temporal auditory information. AB - To determine the short-term retention characteristics of temporal information when subjects experienced time under a conscious cognitive strategy for time estimation, i.e., subjects were instructed to refrain from employing time-aiding techniques, auditory durations of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 sec. were estimated by 30 subjects by reproduction. Five levels of retention interval were used, viz., immediate reproduction, 30-sec. rest, 30-sec. interpolated activity with a response uncertainty of 0 bit per response, 30-sec. interpolated activity with a response uncertainty of 1 bit per response, and 30-sec. interpolated activity with a response uncertainty of 2 bits per response. Variable error evaluated effects of forgetting. When subjects hold durations of 8, 16, and 32 sec. in memory for a 30-sec. rest or 30-sec. interpolated activity, they become more variable than if they recall the item immediately. The variabilities between the 30-sec. rest and the 30-sec. interpolated activity retention intervals were similar. Two explanations for the presence of an interaction between duration and retention interval under the variable error were suggested. The constant error was used as an index of bias. Immediate reproduction of the retention interval had less mean constant error than 30-sec. rest retention under the 8-, 16-, and 32-sec. durations. That particular result was explained in perceptual terms. PMID- 7133902 TI - Extension of the use of measures of cognitive style to moderately-severely retarded trainees in a field setting. AB - This study investigated the feasibility of using measures of cognitive tempo with 66 institutionalized moderately-severely retarded adolescents and adults in the field settings of three Activity Centres--one rural and two urban. The Matching Familiar Figures Test and the Porteus Maze Tests could, with characteristic modifications, be administered to this type of population, the typical response being slow and error-prone. Either one or both could contribute usefully to the prediction of work performance in the groups concerned, but would have little to offer over and above conventional individual tests of general intelligence. PMID- 7133903 TI - Preliminary investigation of EMG biofeedback induced relaxation with a preschool aged stutterer. AB - A 4 1/2-yr.-old stutterer was run on a series of comparative speech tasks and EMG recording periods to assess the potential of using EMG biofeedback-assisted relaxation to reduce stuttering. The basic finding was that the subject was able to reduce the level of tension in the laryngeal area by using EMG biofeedback but not without some difficulty. The effect of EMG biofeedback training on his frequency of stuttering was small but in the direction of less stuttering. PMID- 7133904 TI - Sex differences in self-assessed, everyday spatial abilities. AB - 397 female and 383 male college students assessed themselves on six everyday spatial abilities relative to others of the same gender and age. Males consistently judged themselves to have significantly greater spatial ability than females. Differential participation in sports is tentatively suggested as a critical social influence affecting not only putative spatial performance but even within-gender self-assessments of commonplace activities using spatial ability. PMID- 7133905 TI - Reliability of the Speech Sounds Perception Test. AB - Several studies have examined the test-retest reliability of the Halstead-Reitan battery of which the Speech Sounds Perception Test is one component. However, there are no data on internal reliability. Clinical experience with the test suggests that the subtests are not equally difficult. The present study examined the internal reliability in two independent samples (ns = 106 and 81). In both samples, a significantly greater number of errors was found on the first half of the test. Also in both samples, the largest number of errors occurred on Subtests B and A, while the fewest errors were found on Subtests E and D. The split-half reliability coefficients for the two samples were .74 and .87. There was also some tentative support for the use of an abbreviated version. A formula was generated (Series A + Series B + Series C + 2) which correctly classified a high percentage of patients in both samples (96% and 90%) using performance above and below the conventional cutoff score of eight errors. PMID- 7133908 TI - Perceptions of restricted relationships of divorced and widowed women and men. AB - 48 female and 48 male college students judged the extent to which the formerly married are restricted in their social relationships. Each subject evaluated one of four groups: widowed women, divorced women, widowed men, or divorced men. There was limited support for the hypotheses that the divorced would be perceived as more restricted than the widowed and that women would be perceived as more restricted than men. PMID- 7133906 TI - Learning a motor skill with spatial and temporal parameters. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine how individuals learned a motor skill having temporal and spatial parameters. For scores of 10 adult males one-way repeated-measures multivariate analysis indicated that subjects learned the skill but follow-up analysis showed acquisition occurred on accuracy only. Some processing limitations were possible with the number of trials a possible limiting factor. PMID- 7133907 TI - Anagram solution time and effects of distraction, sex differences, and anxiety. AB - A single-solution anagram task was administered to high and low test-anxious 32 male and 32 female undergraduates under conditions of high and low external distraction. No significant main effects were found linking solution times to either test-anxiety level or the presence or absence of distracting stimuli. Following a planned post hoc analysis which assigned the anagrams into 'hard' or 'easy' categories, a significant main effect for level of test anxiety was found for the 'hard' anagrams, indicating that test anxiety debilitates performance only when the criterion task is especially difficult. Difficulty of anagrams also significantly interacted with subjects' sex, test anxiety, and distraction. The results are discussed in terms of the hypotheses that distracting stimuli may produce increases in arousal during difficult tasks and that these increments may either compromise or improve performance, depending upon the level of test anxiety which is viewed as a determinant of the initial arousal level of the subject. PMID- 7133909 TI - Intellectual deficiencies in left-handers: a review of the research. AB - The purpose of this paper was to examine current research and to determine whether the idea that the majority of left-handers were intellectually inferior to right-handers is empirically supported. This view was inferred in two studies and partially endorsed in another. Inquiry indicated that the cognitive performance of left-handers was not significantly lower than that of right handers. Based on empirical evidence, then, the idea that left-handers possess cognitive deficits was not demonstrated. PMID- 7133910 TI - Toy play, play tempo, and reaction to frustration in infants. AB - Measures of toy play including duration and tempo of play were obtained for a combined sample of 7 male and 5 female infants 22 to 26 mo. of age. Additional measures of reaction to frustration were obtained during a second session where toys were placed out of reach of the subjects. Measures of frustration included crying, squirm/escape attempts, and non-crying vocalizations. Several correlations between toy play and reaction to frustration were found and were indicative of a general relationship between response persistence during play and attempts to escape from the frustrating situation. PMID- 7133911 TI - Hyperlexia: precocious word recognition in developmentally delayed children. AB - Seven children who had unusually precocious word-recognition skills and otherwise had multiple significant developmental deviations were identified. Past findings are reviewed along with psychometric results and clinical observations of the seven hyperlexic children. Implications concerning the syndrome of hyperlexia and how this behavioral pattern may disrupt the acquisition of appropriate modalities of communication are discussed. PMID- 7133912 TI - Field-dependence/independence and active learning of verbal and geometric material. AB - Field-independent individuals generally perform better on learning and memory tasks than field-dependent persons. One explanation for this superiority is that field-independent subjects take a more active approach to learning, while field dependent subjects take a more passive, spectator approach. In the present study, field-dependent and independent subjects were asked to sort geometric and verbal material into pigeon holes according to category exemplars, forcing both groups to take an active role in learning. Subsequently, they were asked to recall the locations of the categories. Both groups excelled at the sorting task; however, field-dependent subjects were poorer at it. On the recall task, there was a continued superiority in performance by field-independent subjects. The results suggest that memory differences between the two groups cannot be reduced to active versus passive learning styles. To the contrary, active learning may interfere with the memory of field-dependent persons by increasing demands for processing. PMID- 7133913 TI - Scaling apparent distance in a large open field: presence of a standard does not increase the exponent of the power function. AB - Apparent distance in a large open field was scaled by the method of magnitude estimation with or without a standard distance present. The presence of the standard did not increase the exponent of the power law. The average exponent of the power function relating judged to physical distance was .87. The results are consistent with those of other studies showing that apparent distance is a decelerating function of actual distance in a natural outdoor setting. PMID- 7133914 TI - Geophysical variables and behavior: VI. Lunar phase and accident injuries: a difference between night and day. AB - There was an excess of injuries during the full and new moons in hours of darkness, but either a deficit or no significant difference occurred during these phases in daylight hours. Implications for research were suggested, and conjecture regarding explanations for the apparent dark-light interaction with phase of moon were offered. PMID- 7133915 TI - Scales for subjective distance in a large open field from the fractionation method: effects of type of judgment and distance range. AB - By means of the method of fractionation, scales for subjective distance were derived from five different types of judgment accomplished with two ranges of distance estimated in a large open field. It was found (a) that the scales for subjective distance are to a considerable extent influenced by ways of obtaining the judgments, (b) that the scales are relatively uninfluenced by range of distance, (c) that the exponents of the scales for egocentric distances are different from those for exocentric distances, (d) that the functions for egocentric distances are slightly decelerated but for exocentric distances slightly accelerated, and (e) that the average exponent for all subjects was 0.98. PMID- 7133916 TI - Hemispheric functionality patterns between dextrals and sinistrals in tactile visual tasks at lower or higher level of mental processes. AB - Two different patterns of unilateral tactile-visual recognition tasks with random shapes were administered to 64 subjects, 32 right-handed (16 males, 16 females) and 32 left-handed (16 males, 16 females). The main effects were found in the over-all performance: dextral subjects performed better than sinistral subjects; males performed better than females. On the task at a lower level of mental process dextral subjects performed better over-all than the sinistral subjects; however, neither group showed superiority of one hand over the other. On the task at a higher level of mental process performance of sinistral subjects improved to a level equivalent to that of the dextral subjects. Dextral subjects tended to perform better with their left hands, whereas the sinistral subjects scored equally with both hands. The findings are discussed in terms of quantitative and qualitative differences in patterns of hemispheric functionality between dextral and sinistral subjects, and the more specific cerebral activation for tasks at a higher level of mental process is hypothesized. PMID- 7133917 TI - Perception of time during examination. PMID- 7133918 TI - Right-left discrimination: no sex difference among normals on the Hand Test and the Route Test. AB - 84 male and 76 female high school students were individually examined on two tests which involve right-left discrimination. The Hand Test requires distinguishing drawings of right from left hands. The Route Test involves walking out patterns with various turns according to diagrams drawn on cards. Results on both tests showed a wide range of performance, but differences between the sexes were minute and statistically nonsignificant. In addition to right-left discrimination, each test also taps different additional spatial functions. Both tests are easy to administer in clinical settings; normative data given here can be useful in evaluating patients' performance. PMID- 7133919 TI - Asymmetric parafoveal interference with dichoptic presentations. AB - A Landolt C target and letter X nontarget were dichoptically presented to 8 subjects. The nontarget presented to one eye foveally or peripherally flanked the area of the parafovea corresponding to that receiving the target in the other eye. Identification of the orientation of the C was poorer with the nontarget in the peripheral position. If, as has been proposed previously, asymmetric lateral inhibition is responsible for the phenomenon, its locus would seem to lie beyond the retina. PMID- 7133920 TI - Repression-sensitization, stress, and perception of pain in others. AB - To assess the influence of individuals' defensive style on perception of pain in others, 60 undergraduate women rated the amount of pain expressed in slides of people displaying high or low pain. Subjects were categorized as high or low on Byrne's Repression-Sensitization Scale, and their level of stress was varied by presentation of an anxiety-provoking film (stress condition) or a neutral film (control condition) prior to the rating task. A significant interaction between Repression-Sensitization and slide category (high versus low pain) indicated that sensitizers assigned higher ratings of pain than repressers to slides that were relatively low in rated expressiveness of pain. Individual differences in readiness to recognize potentially threatening stimuli seem most evident when the stimuli are relatively ambiguous. The manipulation of stress produced no significant effects on ratings of pain. PMID- 7133921 TI - Verbal estimation, production, and reproduction of time intervals by type A individuals. AB - The purpose of the study was to determine by means of the classical time estimation procedures if Type A persons estimate the passage of time differently than Type B persons. 42 male undergraduates were classified Type A or Type B on the basis of the student's version of the Jenkins Activity Survey. Subjects were asked to estimate verbally, produce, and reproduce 8 and 17 sec. as well as estimate verbally 6.5 min. There were no significant differences between the two groups on the time estimations; compared to the standards the two groups performed similarly. PMID- 7133922 TI - Influence of vision on haptic encoding processes. AB - Sighted subjects (n = 15) assembled 6-piece jigsaw puzzles under four conditions of visual-haptic perception which both separated these perceptual systems and required the simultaneous use of vision and touch. The time required and haptic scanning strategies used to assemble the puzzles in each of the four conditions were examined to determine the influence of type of visual involvement upon haptic encoding processes and the degree to which the visual and haptic systems are linked. Results indicate that a cognitive component is involved during visual tactual form perception which affects how the perceptual modalities work together and how information is selected, encoded, and processed. When vision and touch were used simultaneously to examine the same stimulus, and visual information was adequate for responding, vision dominated touch. However, in conditions of visual haptic perception in which visual input was inadequate for responding or when haptic perception was independent of vision, subjects relied upon a form of information which was specifically tactual in nature and independent of visual or verbal recoding. PMID- 7133923 TI - Listeners' identification of environmental sounds. AB - To determine if listeners can accurately identify various environmental sounds, a total of 40 sounds, including animal, inanimate, musical, and human sounds, were recorded, randomly arranged on a master tape, and presented to 30 judges for identification. Analysis indicated that, in general, listeners can accurately identify environmental sounds. However, their accuracy was not equal for all four classes of sounds investigated: human sounds yielded the highest accuracy, followed by musical and inanimate sounds, and animal sounds were least accurately identified. Implications and suggestions for research are discussed. PMID- 7133924 TI - On why Wayne Dennis found Hopi infants retarded in age at onset of walking. AB - Dennis (1940) found Hopi infants were slower in onset of walking whether or not the cradleboard was used, than infants from other socioethnic groups. This investigation supplemented a repetition of the interview procedure used by Dennis with questions concerning circumstances of Hopi life infants, who were discovered to begin walking at a mean age of 12.5 mo., were advanced by 2.5 mo. over the date of walking recorded by Dennis. Infants reared on the cradleboard, like those studied by Dennis, walked as early as unrestrained infants. Differences in genetic background, physical health, and nutritional status between the earlier time and the present day which could account for the delayed onset of walking noted by Dennis were evaluated. Former inadequacy of the infants' diet seemed to be the most significant of the possible underlying conditions. The accelerated date of walking at present may reflect the enhanced quality of Hopi infant nutrition brought about by external programs for food supplement, particularly the Indian Women, Infants and Children's program. PMID- 7133925 TI - Correlation of shyness and self-esteem for elementary school children. AB - 98 children were identified as shy based on their self-perceptions and specific criteria related to shyness. These shy children were administered a self-esteem inventory and self-report measures of shyness. A significant correlation of .63 was found between shyness and self-esteem scores which indicated that shyness is related to low self-esteem. PMID- 7133926 TI - Pupillometric analysis of two theories of obesity. AB - A pupillometric analysis was conducted on the effects of internal and external food-related cues on overweight and normalweight subjects. Specifically, half of the subjects in each of these groups were sated and the other half hungry when they viewed slides of main courses and snacks. Only normalweight hungry subjects responded with markedly increased pupillary dilation, indicating heightened affect/interest, but to pictures of main courses, not to snacks. The lack of marked dilations among overweight subjects, even the so-called hungry group, seems to support Schachter's 1971 theory of obesity over Nisbett's 1972 one. PMID- 7133927 TI - Visual information processing at the blind spot. AB - The perceptual completion at the blind spot was studied by presenting test patterns around the blind area of 3 subjects with normal acuity, and conditions generating the perceptual completion were investigated. To be filled in, a stimulus must fall on at least two quadrants around the blind spot. Both a region between 3.0 and 3.9 degrees in radii around the blind spot, which can generate white homogeneous completion, and the region between 4.3 and 5.2 degrees, which can not generate any completion solely, play important parts in provoking completion. Periodic stimuli were more effective than non-periodic ones. PMID- 7133928 TI - Fifth European Conference on Visual Perception. Groot Begijnhof, Leuven, Belgium, 31 August-3 September 1982. Abstracts. PMID- 7133929 TI - The assimilation-enhancing effect of a dotted surround upon a dotted test region. PMID- 7133931 TI - A psychophysical investigation of the behavioural relevance of neurophysiological feature detectors (S cells). AB - The aim of the study was to establish whether monaural auditory stimulation (a nonretinal perceptual variable) affects the class 1 oblique effect (a behavioural manifestation of simple cells). The left or right monaural stimulus was a pure tone, 1000 Hz, 70 dB(A), delivered continuously throughout the experimental sessions. The left or right monocular stimulus was a thin red phosphorescent bar the orientation of which was manipulated. In order to determine the oblique effect differential orientation thresholds for principal meridians were compared to those for oblique orientations. The results, indicating an interaction effect of the monaural and monocular stimulation on the magnitude of the oblique effect, are a further demonstration that the oblique effect is not as simple as some theories (derived from extrapolation from neurophysiological findings) would imply. PMID- 7133930 TI - Brightness effects in diffuse and sharp illusory figures of similar configuration. PMID- 7133932 TI - Meridional differences in temporal resolution. AB - Previous investigations of temporal resolution have shown that performance is influenced by a number of stimulus parameters. The interstimulus interval needed for accurate two-pulse discrimination has been shown to (i) decrease monotonically with flash duration, luminance, and contrast; and (ii) increase monotonically with the spatial frequency of the target. A signal-detectability two-alternative forced-choice procedure was employed to reexamine the effects of spatial frequency on temporal resolution. Also assessed was the effect of grating orientation on such performance. The results confirm that temporal resolution declines with increases in spatial frequency. Furthermore, temporal resolution was significantly lower when oblique, as opposed to vertical, grating targets were used. The 'oblique effect' in temporal resolution was observed only with the highest-spatial-frequency target (15 cycles deg-1), and not with stimuli of lower spatial frequency (0.9 and 3.8 cycles deg-1). These findings suggest that stimulus parameters which elicit greater transient channel activity, as opposed to sustained channel activity, enhance temporal resolution. When transient activity is at a minimum, meridional differences in temporal resolution are likely to be attributable to sustained channel activity. PMID- 7133933 TI - Thresholds for seeing visual phantoms and moving gratings. AB - Moving visual phantoms look like real gratings and generate movement aftereffects as do real gratings. Three experiments have been carried out to test whether phantoms resemble real gratings in other ways. Changes in the spatiotemporal frequency of an inducing grating effect the minimum contrast at which it will induce phantoms, but only insofar as the changes affect the visibility of the inducing gratings. Changes in the areal extent of the inducing grating and in the extent of the gap across which phantoms must be induced alter the visibility of the phantoms but, again, only to the extent that the changes affect the visibility of the inducing gratings themselves. Phantoms induced by high-contrast gratings may be cancelled by gratings of near-threshold contrast when the latter are presented 180 degrees out of phase with the inducing gratings. It is concluded that the appearance of phantoms is governed solely by the detectability of their inducing gratings, but that the effects of phantoms on pattern-sensitive channels are not the same as are the effects of real gratings. The pattern characteristics of phantoms thus do not represent a spread of energy from inducing to phantom regions of visual space or their neural representations. PMID- 7133936 TI - On the failure to recognize the back of one's own hand. PMID- 7133935 TI - Depth, connectedness, and structural relevance in the object-superiority effect: line segments are harder to see in flatter patterns. AB - A briefly flashed line can be identified more accurately when it is part of certain types of pattern than in others (the 'object-superiority effects'). Three experiments were designed to investigate what aspects of these patterns determine the facilitatory effect of context. Subjects identified which of four line segments was present in various briefly flashed figures. Other subjects rated the figures for three-dimensionality, connectedness, and 'structural relevance' of the target line. Little relationship was found between connectedness ratings and accuracy in the identification task, but accuracy was highly correlated with mean depth rating (accounting for 95% of variance) and with mean structural-relevance rating (88%). Because of the high correlation (r = 0.98) between these two judgments in the present experiments, and confounding with other stimulus variables in previously published studies, the relative importance of these two global attributes cannot yet be determined definitively (though there was some evidence that for these patterns depth judgments were primary and structural relevance judgments derivative). A reexamination of pertinent research suggests that comparisons between well-matched stimuli (as in the object-superiority effect) are likely to be more robust and informative than comparisons between lines alone and in context (the 'object-line effect'). PMID- 7133934 TI - Further remarks concerning visual images observed following unilateral enucleation. AB - Following an earlier report, the article offers additional points concerning visual images observed after enucleation. These concern: (i) the relationship between field-cut due to the lesion before surgery and corresponding blank areas within the post-enucleation images; (ii) similarities in motion between the foveal images and foveally-fixated afterimages; (iii) possible correspondence of time course of the images to transneuronal atrophy and cell loss in human and monkey studies. PMID- 7133937 TI - Classification of impossible objects. AB - A mathematical scheme is proposed for the classification of impossible objects. Impossible objects are usually defined from a psychological point of view as mental images of 'solid objects' which cannot exist in a real three-dimensional world. From the mathematical point of view, however, various kinds of impossibility can be observed in such objects, and they are classified according to the kinds of impossibility they possess. Since impossible objects are treated in a purely mathematical way, the results afford a powerful basis for the psychological study of human visual perception of impossible objects. Several psychological problems arising from the present results are also discussed. PMID- 7133938 TI - The effect of familiar size at familiar distances. AB - The effect of familial size as a distance cue was tested with familiar objects at familiar distances. Experiment 1 showed that there were no uncontrolled distance cues available and that in their absence the retinal image did not affect depth or size perception. Under these conditions, size and distance judgments were essentially indeterminate and independent of each other. In experiment 2 a paradigm was employed which allowed a direct determination of whether equivalent changes either in size of a familiar object or in its true distance produced equivalent changes in its perceived distance. The results showed that there were no uncontrolled distance cues, and that subjects perceived the familiar object as having its familiar size. Moreover, changing the retinal image of the objects had almost exactly the same effect on their perceived distance as did changing their true distance. Hence, familial size does effectively govern the perception of distance when there are no competing cues. PMID- 7133939 TI - A nonspecific learning effect in the perception of random-dot stereograms? AB - An experiment is reported the object of which was to check whether a small amount of nonspecific experience in perceiving random-dot stereograms could facilitate the perception of a previously unseen stereogram. The mean stereopsis perception time of a group of totally naive subjects was found to be significantly slower than that of a group who had previously been shown two different stereograms. Closer inspection of the data showed that this difference was primarily due to approximately one third of the naive group who were much slower than the 'experienced' group. It is therefore suggested that nonspecific experience provides most initial help for relatively slow perceivers, since many naive subjects can perform as well as those with prior experience of other stereograms. PMID- 7133940 TI - Duration differences: attentional demand or time error? AB - Underwood (1975) has used judgments of duration to compare the attentional demands of learning and recall. His study is critically discussed and two further experiments are reported. In experiment 1 subjects spent 50 s learning a list of words and a further 50 s either trying to recall them or learning another list. In contrast to Underwood's subjects both groups judged the first interval to have been longer than the second. In experiment 2 three separate groups of subjects spent 50 s learning a list of items (nonsense syllables, unrelated words, or related words, as in Underwood's experiment) and then a further 50 s trying to recall them. Once again the first interval was judged to have been of greater duration. The implications of these findings for the use of duration judgments as a measure of attentional demand are discussed. PMID- 7133941 TI - Three stimuli for visual motion perception compared. PMID- 7133942 TI - Patterns of perceived similarity cannot be generalized from long to short exposure durations and vice versa. PMID- 7133943 TI - Spatial orientation of a limb using egocentric reference points. PMID- 7133944 TI - The relationship of estimated comprehensibility to the rate of connected speech. PMID- 7133945 TI - Spatial contrast sensitivity does not explain random figure discrimination latency. PMID- 7133946 TI - Octave equivalence as measured by similarity ratings. PMID- 7133947 TI - Visual comparison processes: identity and similarity decisions. PMID- 7133948 TI - Effects of aging on the suprathreshold responses to vibration. PMID- 7133949 TI - Contralateral enhancement and suppression of vibrotactile sensation. PMID- 7133951 TI - A parametric investigation of multiletter matches. PMID- 7133950 TI - On the interdependence of temporal and spatial judgments. PMID- 7133952 TI - Binocular rivalry of real vs. subjective contours. PMID- 7133953 TI - Models for psychiatry: icons or effigies? AB - Toulmin notes that a good model takes us beyond the phenomena from which we began [67]. It also tempts us. Models demand that we attempt to represent the dynamic relationships between variables. When we use them, we risk insulating our findings from empirical disproof [68]. Self-certifying myths, like articles of faith, need to yield to the demands of science. Psychiatric theory and practice need to yield to the demands of experience. We need to move away from ethereal assumptions to tangible mastery of the understanding of behavior. Freud, in The Interpretation of Dreams [69], writes, "Analogies of this kind are only intended to assist us in our attempt to make the complications of mental functioning intelligible. We are justified, in my view, in giving free rein to our speculations so long as we retain the coolness of our judgment and do not mistake the scaffolding for the building. We have been obliged to build. If we are not wholly in error, other lines of approach are bound to lead us into much the same region and the time may come when we shall find ourselves more at home in it!" PMID- 7133954 TI - Dostoevsky's The Idiot and psychic disorders in epilepsy. PMID- 7133955 TI - The mentalist hypothesis, empirical data, and internal consistency. PMID- 7133956 TI - Open information and secrecy in research. PMID- 7133957 TI - Sex hormones and behavior in animals and man. PMID- 7133958 TI - The general anesthesia receptor. PMID- 7133959 TI - The determination of aminoglycoside antibiotics in serum: a comparison of a high performance liquid chromatographic method with a microbiological assay. AB - A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the determination of gentamicin and tobramycin in serum is compared with a microbiological method. The determination of gentamicin by chromatographic methods is complicated by the fact that gentamicin is a mixture of related compounds, giving rise to several chromatographic peaks. Good results were obtained when the sum of the peak heights of the chromatographic peaks corresponding with the gentamicin components are taken as a measure for the gentamicin concentration. Accuracy, precision and selectivity of the methods are discussed. PMID- 7133960 TI - Penicillin allergy, humoral aspects. PMID- 7133961 TI - Interactions of drug metabolites with hepatic cytochrome P-450. Some implications for drug metabolism. PMID- 7133962 TI - Pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutic aspects of some psoralen derivatives used in dermatology. PMID- 7133963 TI - Natural products in therapy. Prospects, goals and means in modern research. AB - A review is presented which shows the vegetable kingdom as an almost inexhaustible reservoir of potential drugs. Some historical aspects about the use of plants and their constituents in medicine are dealth with. A number of problems connected with the search for new prototype drugs of biological origin is reported as well as modern methods used in this promising research. Some examples are given concerning recent results of investigations of plants used in traditional and modern medicine in China. Special attention is paid to the present role of natural products in therapy: as biologically active compounds as such, as starting materials for (semi)synthetic drugs and, last but not least, as source of inspiration or as models for the synthesis of new drugs with better therapeutic, chemical or physical properties than the original compounds. PMID- 7133964 TI - [Connective tissue diseases]. PMID- 7133965 TI - [Chronic rheumatic diseases in children]. PMID- 7133966 TI - [Metabolic bone diseases, Paget's disease and miscellaneous bone diseases]. PMID- 7133967 TI - [Microcrystal-induced joint diseases]. PMID- 7133969 TI - [Biological tests in rheumatology]. PMID- 7133968 TI - [Articular cartilage and degenerative joint diseases of the limbs]. PMID- 7133971 TI - [Why new anti-inflammatory drugs?]. PMID- 7133970 TI - [Medicosocial aspects of the control of rheumatism]. PMID- 7133972 TI - [Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with pirprofen. Comparison of 2 dosage regimens]. AB - One hundred ninety-five patients suffering from active rheumatoid arthritis were included in a two-week double blind multicentric study, whose purpose was to compare the efficacy and tolerance of a daily dose of 600 mg of pirprofen to that of 1200 mg and the placebo. The results show that there is a dose-effect relationship of definite clinical interest. Thus, the investigators judged the clinical results satisfactory in 60% of the patients in the 1200 mg group (400 mg t.i.d.) 44% of those in the 600 mg group and 36% of those on placebo. The difference is statistically significant (p less than 0.05). Side effects, primarily digestive, were noted in 34% of patients receiving 1200 mg/day, 15% of 600 mg/day and 32% placebo. 2 patients in the 1200 mg group interrupted their treatment for gastralgia and 1 patient on placebo for palpitations. PMID- 7133973 TI - [Comparative double blind study of pirprofen, indomethacin, and placebo in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the spine]. AB - 137 out-patients suffering from osteoarthritis of the spine were treated for two weeks by pirprofen (600 mg/day), indomethacin (75 mg/day), or placebo. At the end of the trial, spontaneous pain disappeared in 47% of patients in the pirprofen group, 38% in the indomethacin group, and 17% in the placebo group. The efficacy of pirprofen and indomethacin, compared to the placebo, is demonstrated with respect to both spontaneous pain (p less than 0,01) and functional disorders (p less than 0,05). Side effects, especially digestive, were noted in 29% of patients treated by pirprofen, 33% of those treated by indomethacin and 17% of those on placebo. Tolerance was satisfactory in 86%, 80% and 90% of patients. Pirprofen is thus judged an effective drug for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the spine. PMID- 7133974 TI - [A study of the analgesic effects of pirprofen after oral surgery]. AB - In this multicentre, double-blind clinical study, the pain-relieving effects of single doses of pirprofen (200 and 400 mg) and pentazocin (100 mg) were compared with those of a placebo in 210 patients after oral surgery. Pirprofen and pentazocin were significantly more effective than the placebo. At either of the two dosage levels, pirprofen proved more active than pentazocin. A dose-activity ratio could be established with pirprofen and showed that the 400 mg dose was distinctly more effective than the 200 mg dose (p less than 0.05). The analgesia procured by the drug was perceptible after about 15 minutes. One of the 51 patients who received the 400 mg dose developed diarrhoea, this being the only side effect observed. PMID- 7133975 TI - [Pseudotumoral expansive form of late cerebral radionecrosis after irradiation of an extracranial tumor]. PMID- 7133976 TI - [Is annual X-ray examination of the chest still justified in industrial medicine?]. AB - Between 1975 and 1979, 137.526 annual X-ray examinations of the chest were performed among the employees of a large Paris administration. Fifty-four cases of tuberculosis, 28 cases of sarcoidosis, 10 cases of bronchial carcinoma and 26 miscellaneous chest diseases were detected. This study confirms the inadequacy of radiological examination for detecting chronic obstructive bronchopulmonary conditions. The small proportion of tuberculosis (0.39 p.1000) and bronchial carcinoma (0.07 p.1000) revealed by this method suggests that it should be reserved to high risk patients. PMID- 7133977 TI - [Management of polycythaemia with pipobroman]. AB - From 1971 to 1980, 86 patients with polycythaemia (vera 69, undetermined 15 and respiratory 2) were treated with pipobroman (N,N' bis bromopropionyl piperazine). The initial treatment in doses of 75 mg/day resulted, within 45 days, in complete remission in 46/49 new patients (93.9%), and in 17/20 previously treated patients with polycythaemia vera (85%) and in 14/15 patients with apparently primary polycythaemia. The main duration of the first remission was 17.5 months. Relapses occurred in 30% of the cases but responded to pipobroman at the initial high dosage level. Low-dose maintenance treatment appears to be necessary. Adverse effects on the blood were rare; they included leucopenia (8%) and moderate thrombocytopenia (7%); macrocytosis was noted in 20% of the patients. Acute leukaemia (3 cases) and osteomyelofibrosis (3 cases) were only observed in patients previously treated with 32 P or busulfan. Pipobroman therefore appears to be much less toxic than other alkylating agents. Its is as effective as 32 P but acts more rapidly. It seems to have little oncogenic power, but a more prolonged study is required to ascertain this point. PMID- 7133978 TI - [Mononucleosic acute cerebellitis]. PMID- 7133979 TI - [Reflex decalcifying algoneurodystrophia in patients with osteomalacia]. PMID- 7133980 TI - [Recurring tamponade in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis treated with pericardotomy and corticoids]. PMID- 7133981 TI - [Alcoholic ketoacidosis]. PMID- 7133982 TI - [Procainamide-induced lupus with circulating anticoagulant]. PMID- 7133983 TI - [Pericarditis due to Pasteurella multocida]. PMID- 7133984 TI - [Second-look laparotomy for subclinical recurrence of colorectal cancer. Carcinoembryonic antigen assay]. PMID- 7133985 TI - [Neurogenic appendicopathy. A facultative precursor of appendiceal carcinoids. Contribution to Feyrter's theory of disseminated endocrine-(paracrine) cells]. PMID- 7133986 TI - [Contractile proteins and blood platelets]. AB - There is evidence to indicate that the morphology and function of a cell depend on the nature and location of intracellular polymeric cytoskeletal structures. In non muscle cells, the main polymeric cytoskeletal structures are in general terms those of the microtubules and microfilaments: actin and myosin. The regulation of platelet contractile protein function is highly complex and proceeds by many different mechanisms. This biochemical complexity is required because actin, myosin and associated proteins have essential and various functions in not one but several of the events following platelet stimulation. The aim of this review is triple. To analyse, according to recent data, the properties of the platelet contractile proteins actin and actin-binding proteins, and myosin. To try to understand their role in the different steps of platelet activation: shape change, secretion, contraction and aggregation. To define the role of calcium in the contractile protein regulation. PMID- 7133987 TI - [Intracellular calci-proteins of low molecular weight]. AB - The role of calcium as an intracellular second messenger is now widely recognized. Upon stimulation of a eukaryotic cell, its cytosolic concentration increases 100 fold from pCa 7 to pCa 5. Calcium effects within the cell are mostly mediated through binding of the ion to low molecular weight proteins that form an evolutionary family including parvalbumin, calmodulin, troponin C, the alkali and regulatory light chains of myosin, the S-100 protein and the vitamin D dependent intestinal calcium-binding protein. The structural, evolutionary and functional unit of each of these proteins is the calcium-binding domain, made of a 12-residue binding loop flanked on each side by a ca 12-residue long alpha helix. Calcium binding proteins differ in the number of domains and in the Ca2+ binding properties of the domains. Parvalbumin exhibits two high affinity Ca2+ Mg2+-binding sites involved in the relaxation phase of fast skeletal muscle. In contrast, calmodulin and troponin C exhibit low affinity Ca2+-specific sites that trigger Ca2+-dependent effects. Calcium binding to calmodulin is sequential and ordered and results in a conformational change that enables the protein to interact through a hydrophobic patch with the numerous calmodulin-dependent enzymes. Calmodulin is highly conserved, ubiquitous and multifunctional. It is responsible for the Ca2+ control of cell motility, of energy production through the glycogenolytic pathway, and of the modulation of messengers, amongst which are Ca2+ itself, cAMP and neurotransmitters. PMID- 7133988 TI - [PDGF (platelet derived growth factor): a regulator of connective tissue proliferation or an artefact?]. AB - Platelets carry, and release after stimulation, mitotic activities for connective tissue cells in culture. One of these activities has been studied carefully: the PDGF, it is a peptide, molecular weight 30,000, pHi 9.8-10, heat stable. Beside this mitotic activity, PDGF bears migrative, chemotactic and metabolic functions. Hypothetical theories have implicated PDGF in different pathological conditions (atherosclerosis, myelofibrosis, ...) but there is no direct proof that PDGF is active in vivo. Recently there has been experimental data suggesting that the mitotic activity of PDGF in vitro could be a technical artefact. PMID- 7133989 TI - [Cellular aspects of thrombosis in the diabetic]. PMID- 7133990 TI - [Study of coagulation and fibrinolysis in 131 cases of recurrent deep vein thrombosis]. AB - The study concerns 131 patients with a history of recurrent deep vein thrombosis. The predisposing and triggering factors of thrombosis have been carefully recorded and a study of hemostasis parameters has been performed, including AT III determination, fibrinolytic activity before and after venous occlusion, plasminogen, alpha 2-antiplasmin and histidine-rich glycoprotein determination. A congenital AT III deficiency was detected in six patients (4.4%). The most frequent finding was a decrease in fibrinolytic activity after venous occlusion. If one accounts for patients with a disease predisposing to thrombosis: Behcet's disease, cancer, hiatus hernia, Cockett's syndrome (14 patients), or a biological anomaly such as: deficiency in AT III, decrease in fibrinolytic activity. circulating anticoagulant, increase in lipids or uric acid, decrease in plasminogen or increase in alpha 2-antiplasmin (57 patients), there are still 60 patients (45% of the cases) in whom thromboses remain unexplained. PMID- 7133991 TI - Formation of alkali labile linkages in DNA by hedamycin and use of hedamycin as a probe of protein-DNA complexes. AB - Hedamycin forms a stable complex with DNA and introduces alkali labile linkages in the DNA. These labile linkages are located at deoxyguanosine residues and are cleaved by the treatment used for breakage at bases alkylated by dimethyl sulfate. The reaction of hedamycin with all G residues in the chain is not uniform, and certain positions, particularily those in TG tracts, are especially reactive. The reaction of hedamycin with DNA can be inhibited by ethidium bromide, suggesting that intercalation is important in positioning the reactive group of hedamycin near to the base which is modified. The low amount of hedamycin needed to produce observable breakage, its specificity for reaction with DNA and its ability to react with DNA under mild conditions make it suitable for use as a probe of protein-DNA complexes. This was shown by the ability of lac repressor and RNA polymerase to block reaction of hedamycin with the DNA of the lac regulatory region. PMID- 7133992 TI - Adaptive increase of O6-methylguanine-acceptor protein in HeLa cells following N methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine treatment. AB - We have assayed in extracts of HeLa cells the amount of acceptor protein that removes O6-methylguanine adducts from alkylated DNA. Cells were treated with single or multiple nontoxic doses of N-methyl-N'-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and the extracts were analyzed up to 32 h after the last exposure. The acceptor activity assayed immediately (1 h) after single exposures decreases linearly with dose indicating that the acceptor protein is used up by endogenous O6-methylguanine adducts in a stoichiometric reaction. Multiple exposures, assayed 8-24 h after the last exposure, increase the amount of acceptor protein in a dose dependent fashion followed by a decrease above a cumulative dose of 100 ng/ml. Under conditions of maximum induction, there are about 300,000 acceptor protein sites per cell, approximately 3 fold above the constitutive level. Both in adapted and unadapted cells the methyl group from O6-methylguanine adducts in the alkylated DNA is transferred to cysteine residues of the acceptor protein(s). PMID- 7133993 TI - Eukaryotic ternary transcription complexes. II. An approach to the determination of chromatin conformation at the site of transcription. AB - Digestion of rat liver nuclei by endogenous nucleases or micrococcal nuclease releases a chromatin fraction containing RNA polymerases I and II bound to DNA fragments in ternary transcription complexes. To label the DNA in these transcription complexes, the polymerases were allowed to add radioactively labelled ribonucleotides in vitro to in vivo-initiated RNA chains. During this transcription step, nucleic acids were photochemically cross-linked using 8 methoxypsoralen. Nucleic acids in transcription complexes were then sized by gel electrophoresis. Under conditions where RNA polymerases I and II were active in vitro, most of the labelled DNA was found in a series of fragments of sizes which were multiples of approximately 200 base-pairs. When polymerase I alone was active, the smallest member of this series carried the bulk of the label; when polymerase II also was active, a significant proportion of the label was carried on the dimer and higher oligomers. Proteins other than polymerase alone are shown to be responsible for the pattern of DNA fragments protected from nucleases. Therefore active RNA polymerases I and II in vivo are in close proximity to structures protecting DNA fragments, the sizes of which are similar to those found in nucleosomes. We have yet to establish that these structures are composed of histones. PMID- 7133994 TI - Ultrafast sequencing of oligodeoxyribonucleotides by FAB-mass spectrometry. AB - A fully instrumental method is described for the bidirectional sequencing of oligodeoxyribonucleotides. The method makes use of the negative ion fragmentation patterns of fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. It is less time consuming than any other sequencing procedure known to date. Since one sequencing run takes as little as one hour, this new method is anticipated to cut down considerably the time required for the controlled synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides of (currently) up to ten nucleotide units in length. PMID- 7133995 TI - Sequences of three molluscan 5 S ribosomal RNAs confirm the validity of a dynamic secondary structure model. AB - The collection of known 5 S rRNA primary structures is enriched with the sequences from three mollusca, the snails Helix pomatia and Arion rufus, and the mussel Mytilus edulis. The three sequences can be fitted in a five-helix secondary structure model previously shown (De Wachter et al. (1982) Biochimie 64, 311-329) to apply to all 5 S RNAs regardless of their origin. One of the helices in this model can undergo a bulge-internal loop transition. Within the metazoan kingdom, the dimensions of each helix and loop are rigidly conserved, except for one helix which can comprise either 6 or 7 base pairs. PMID- 7133997 TI - Automation of the computer handling of gel reading data produced by the shotgun method of DNA sequencing. AB - This paper describes a computer method for handling gel reading data produced by the shotgun method of DNA sequencing. The method greatly reduces the time the sequencer needs to spend checking and editing his data and yet it produces a consensus sequence for which the accuracy of determination of every base can be clearly shown. The program can take a batch of new gel readings, screen them against vector sequences removing any that match, and then compare and align all the sequences to produce a final consensus. No information is lost in this process as alignments are achieved by making only insertions and because all the individual gel readings are added to a database from which they can be retrieved and displayed lined up one above the other. This allows the user to check on the alignments achieved by the program and if necessary change them. As each gel reading is added to the database the consensus is automatically updated accordingly and used for the next comparisons. This is a much faster process than comparing each new gel against every individual gel in the database. PMID- 7133996 TI - Production and characterization of monoclonal antibody against 10S DNA polymerase alpha from calf thymus. AB - One hybridoma cell line that produces an antibody directed against 10S DNA polymerase alpha purified from calf thymus was obtained. The monoclonality of the antibody was tested by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectrofocusing and antibody subclass determination. The antibody specifically recognized the 10S DNA polymerase alpha and 6.5S DNA polymerase alpha-2 from calf thymus, but not 6.5S DNA polymerase alpha-1. The antibody precipitated both polypeptides of 140-150,000 and 46-50,000 dalton of 10S DNA polymerase alpha. The antibody also recognized the DNA polymerase alpha purified from human cells, but did pig DNA polymerase alpha only partially. The antibody did not crossreact with rat DNA polymerase alpha, calf DNA polymerase beta, virus DNA polymerase and E. coli DNA polymerase I. This antibody will be a useful tool for studying the mechanism of DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. PMID- 7133998 TI - Identification of the cap binding protein of influenza virus. AB - The presence of a cap binding protein in influenza virus PR8 has recently been demonstrated by photoaffinity labelling with the cap-analogue (gamma [3 2P]-[4 (benzoylphenyl)methylamido]-7-methylguanosine 5'-triphosphate). This paper describes the identification of the labelled protein using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The protein is shown to be PB2, the smaller of the two basic P proteins in the polymerase complex. PMID- 7133999 TI - Gel electrophoresis of partially denatured DNA. Retardation effect: its analysis and application. AB - The hypothesis about the role of partial denaturation in DNA retardation during its electrophoresis in denaturing gel /1,2/ was tested. We used partially melted DNA molecules in which the size of the melted regions and their location were known. They were obtained through glyoxal treatment of the melted regions by a procedure allowing the denatured state to be fixed at any point within the melting range. The approach and the availability of the melting maps of DNAs made it possible to investigate DNA molecules differing in length and in the size of the melted regions. The presence of a denatured region at the end of the molecule or inside of it was shown to decrease its electrophoretic mobility, the effect depending on the size of the melted region and on the DNA length. On the basis of the experimental results an explanation is proposed for the cause of retardation in the case of partially denatured DNA. PMID- 7134000 TI - Blotting of RNA onto ion exchange paper allowing subsequent characterization by in situ translation in addition to blot hybridization. AB - We present the preparation of an ion exchange paper which can be used as a solid carrier in the transfer of RNA from gels. In addition to detection by blot hybridization to specific probes, transferred RNA can be characterized by cell free translation in situ. Preparation of the paper is simple, inexpensive and reproducible. Examples of applications are shown and possible other applications are discussed. PMID- 7134001 TI - Ionic competition and 67Ga in vivo accumulation. AB - The effect of several citrates of trivalent cations on 67Ga citrate uptake by tumor-bearing animals has been studied. A relationship between the ionic size of the simultaneously injected cation and the 67Ga uptake inhibition indicates that the cation characteristics (ionic radius and electrical charge) seem to play the most important role in this radioactivity accumulation. The apparent agreement of this phenomenon with the isomorphous replacement hypothesis is discussed. PMID- 7134002 TI - [Prognosis and life expectancy in patients with hyperthyroidism]. AB - The term "hyperthyroidism" comprises several different diseases of which two have to be distinguished particularly: 1. hyperthyroidism with Graves' disease: the immunopathogenesis of Graves' disease allows a symptomatic therapy only; therefore its prognosis is not as good as for the 2. autonomous hyperthyroidism ("toxic goiter"), which can be cured definitely by operation or radioiodine therapy. Both diseases may aggravate under iatrogenic iodine exposure (iodine containing drugs or X-ray contrast media) to a thyroid storm; this most severe kind of hyperthyroidism still leads to death in almost 40% of the patients. PMID- 7134003 TI - The evaluation of noise reduction and resolution degradation in scintigraphic images due to the smoothing procedure. AB - The decrease of the spatial resolution and the reduction of statistical error due to smoothing procedures with "unity" matrices, applied to scintigraphic images were analyzed. A quantitative relation was obtained between the resolution decrease factor kR and the product of the error reduction factor and the linear size of the picture element (m . kf). The numerical values of kR for the case of single smoothing with "unity" matrices of any size were compared with those for an n-fold smoothing. It was shown that the latter is more advantageous, i.e. it give lower values of the factor kR for the same values of (m . kf). PMID- 7134004 TI - Patient exposure and radiation risk in Bulgarian diagnostic nuclear medicine. I. Survey of diagnostic nuclear medicine procedures in Bulgaria in 1980. AB - For the estimation of population exposure and radiation risk due to diagnostic nuclear medicine in Bulgaria a nationwide survey for 1980 was made of the number and type of radiopharmaceutical applications, administered activity and age and sex distribution of the examined patients. The total number of diagnostic applications was 116418 (40,5% males and 59,5% females), i.e. 13.1 applications per 1000 inhabitants. The total administered activity of all 44 radiopharmaceuticals used in vivo was about 2.1 TBq (or 56 Ci). The age and sex distribution of the examined patients was similar to that in other countries: only 17.4% of all patients were within the reproductive age, 52.7% were over 45 years old. In comparison with the situation in other developed countries it is noted that the number of diagnostic applications of 131I-iodide was relatively high in the year of the survey performed. PMID- 7134005 TI - Patient exposure and radiation risk in Bulgarian diagnostic nuclear medicine. II. Somatically effective dose equivalents to the patients and assessment of risk. AB - Somatically effective dose equivalents from some frequently employed diagnostic radiopharmaceutical applications in Bulgaria are reported for 1980. Using ICRP risk factors for stochastic somatic effects, the excess number of expected fatal malignancies in the future resulting from this medical radiation source was calculated. This number (approx. 10) is relatively small in comparison with the total number of officially registered malignancies in Bulgaria. A comparison of the traditionally used population doses (e.g. GSD, LSD) in Bulgaria and other countries is also included. It is recommended to reduce the use of 131I-iodide in thyroid in vivo diagnostics in order to lower radiation exposure of patients. PMID- 7134006 TI - Radiation effects of iridium-192 implants in the cat brain. AB - The radiation effects of 192Ir permanent implants into the cat brain were studied with respect to morphological changes, blood flow, brain water and electrolytes. 192Ir wires (10 animals) and non-radioactive silver wires (5 control animals) were placed stereotactically into the left internal capsule. Activity of 192Ir was 0.31 mCi, and accumulated dose at 5 mm distance was 3060 rad after 21 days and 4680 rad after 35 days, respectively. None of the animals presented a neurological deficit, and the EEG recording was without significant changes. Histological damage which could be attributed to the radiation was not observed. Serum proteins, however, were detected immunohistochemically in reactive astrocytes (3x), in macrophages (2x) and as diffuse perivascular accumulation. Brain water in the white matter near the implantation site increased from 68.6 to 73.2%, corresponding to a volume increase of about 17%. There was no change in the grey matter or the opposite hemisphere. Cerebral blood flow decreased slightly but there was no relationship with the development of edema. The findings suggest that low dose rate topical irradiation of the brain produces primarily membrane dependent changes, resulting in local brain edema. PMID- 7134008 TI - Fatty acid breath test values in the malabsorption range in cancer patients. AB - Fatty acid absorption breath tests (FABT) were found to be abnormal in most subjects in a group of cancer patients selected to exclude common causes of abnormal lipid absorption, including chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The breath tests were abnormal in both quality (delayed peak in 9 of 10 patients) and quantity (reduced maximum peak in 5 of 10 patients) of fatty acid absorption. Retrospective separation of patients into 2 groups (normal or low maximum peak height FABT), either at a common time after the start of the test or at each individual's maximum peak height FABT regardless of time, was significant at 0.005 and 0.001, respectively. The low maximum peak heights were in the range of the malabsorption syndrome. Further studies of pancreatic function and fat malabsorption are warranted before the abnormal results can be ascribed to altered intermediary metabolism or peripheral utilization of lipids. PMID- 7134007 TI - Carcinogenesis, vascular disease, and the free radical reaction. PMID- 7134009 TI - Diet in the epidemiology of oral cancer. PMID- 7134010 TI - Dietary practices of early life and spontaneous tumors of the rat. AB - A complete life history was obtained of the dietary practices, growth responses, and diseases of outbred male Charles River COBS rats permitted to select their own diets. Simple correlation analyses proved inadequate for detecting an association between any single factor at any age and tumor development. A multifactorial model showed that animals that developed tumors could be distinguished from those that did not, solely on the basis of age- or weight specific information prior to maturity. The combination of variables that maximize the probability of a neoplasm is: 1. a high absolute protein intake shortly after weaning, 2. a high degree of efficiency in converting consumed food into body mass at the time the individual enters puberty, 3. a high level of protein intake relative to body weight during the early adult period and concomitantly, 4. a high level of food intake, and 5. a rapid growth rate during early postnatal life so that comparatively less time is required to attain a specified body weight than a subsequent weight increment. The opposite set of conditions reduces the probability of neoplasm occurrence, which is even further minimized if the proportion of protein in the diet in early postweaning life and the absolute intake of protein during the early adult period are relatively high. Differences in temporal-specific dietary practices and growth responses accounted for differences in the tissue origin of the tumors. PMID- 7134012 TI - [Prognosis of tuberculosis in Poland. V. Mortality in the years 1980-2000]. PMID- 7134011 TI - Activation of Trp-P-1 and Trp-P-2 in vitro and in vivo. AB - Isolated perfused livers were not able to activate the promutagens Trp-P-1 and Trp-P-2 to their genotoxic metabolites. On the contrary, inherently active mutagenic compounds were detected in the bile of living rats to which Trp-P-1 and Trp-P-2 had been administered intravenously. The excretion of active mutagens through the bile may explain the tumorigenic effect that these compounds exert on the liver during chronic feeding experiments. PMID- 7134014 TI - [Specificity of the immunological system of the lung]. PMID- 7134013 TI - [Implantation of neoplastic tissue into the chest wall as a complication of transthoracic thin-needle aspiration biopsy]. PMID- 7134015 TI - [Prognosis of tuberculosis in Poland. I. Epidemiological and epidemiometric model. Assumptions and prognosis]. PMID- 7134016 TI - [Prognosis of tuberculosis in Poland. II. Infection of the population during the years 1980-2000]. PMID- 7134017 TI - [Prognosis of tuberculosis in Poland. III. Tuberculosis incidence in the years 1980-2000]. PMID- 7134018 TI - [Prognosis of tuberculosis in Poland. IV. Tuberculosis prevalence in the years 1980-2000]. PMID- 7134019 TI - Alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme of colonic carcinoma in Wistar-Furth rats. AB - Wistar-Furth (WF) strain rats have been shown to have a high incidence of spontaneous colon cancer. We have compared the alkaline phosphatase (AP) isoenzymes in colonic carcinomas of these inbred WF strain rats with the isoenzymes in the non-carcinomatous colon of the same strain and the normal colon of Wistar strain rats, from which the WF strain was derived. On electrophoresis of AP specimens partially purified by acetone fractionation, the non carcinomatous colon was found to have three main isoenzymes, while the normal colon had two. Colonic carcinomas gave one band which migrated slower than any bands from either normal or non-carcinomatous colon. The electrophoretic mobility of AP from colonic carcinomas was retarded by neuraminidase treatment. This did not influence the isoenzymes from non-carcinomatous and normal colon. The inhibition patterns of the enzyme from colonic carcinoma by amino acids, inorganic phosphate and urea were different from those of the isoenzymes in the other two tissues. AP of colonic carcinoma was also the most heat-labile. There were no significant differences in the enzymic properties of the isoenzymes from non-carcinomatous and normal colon. The enzymic properties except for electrophoretic mobility were found to be the same between APs of colonic carcinoma and the placenta. PMID- 7134020 TI - [Hemodynamics in coronary failure--a problem of arrhythmia and conduction disorders]. PMID- 7134021 TI - [Screening for neoplasms of the large bowel using the hemoccult test]. PMID- 7134022 TI - [Hemodynamics of pulmonary circulation at rest and during exertion in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis]. PMID- 7134024 TI - [Hemorrhagic diathesis caused by mesenchymo-capillary changes in patients with bronchial asthma chronically treated with triamcinolone acetonide]. PMID- 7134023 TI - [Carbohydrate metabolism of erythrocytes in chronic terminal renal failure]. PMID- 7134025 TI - [New aspects in the treatment of Cushing's disease]. PMID- 7134026 TI - [Case of primary pulmonary hypertension, an attempt at vasodilator therapy]. PMID- 7134027 TI - Comparison of enkephalin and atropine in the inhibition of vagally stimulated gastric and pancreatic secretion and gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide release in dogs. AB - Enkephalins have been detected in vagal nerves and myenteric plexus neurons but no study has been performed to determine their action on vagally stimulated gastric and pancreatic secretion. In this study we infused IV methionine enkephalin (Met-enk) alone, naloxone (a pure opiate antagonist) alone, or their combination before, during and after vagal stimulation in 4 dogs with esophageal, gastric and pancreatic fistulas. For the comparison, atropine was given before, during and after vagal stimulation in the same animals. Vagal stimulation was obtained by 15 min sham-feeding, which produced an increase in gastric H+ output to a peak of about 75% of the maximal response to pentagastrin and pancreatic protein secretion amounting to about 71% of the maximal response to caerulein. It was accompanied by a significant rise in serum gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) levels. Met-enk inhibited significantly both gastric H+ and pancreatic protein secretion and reduced plasma PP but not gastrin levels. Similar effects were obtained after the administration of atropine. The effects of Met-enk were partly reversed by the addition of naloxone. We conclude that (1) enkephalin suppresses vagally stimulated gastric and pancreatic secretion and plasma PP release; (2) these secretory effects of enkephalin seem to be mediated by opiate receptors and could be explained by its inhibitory action on acetylcholine release ("anticholinergic" action) in the stomach and the pancreas. PMID- 7134028 TI - Ceruletide decreases food intake in non-obese man. AB - Cholecystokinin decreases food intake in animals and in man. This study investigated whether the structurally related ceruletide reduces food intake in healthy non-obese man. Twelve females and 12 males participated, after an over night fast, in each of two experiments. During the basal 40 min, saline was infused IV. Thereafter, the infusion was, in random double blind fashion, either continued with saline or switched to 60 or 120 ng/kg b. wt/hr ceruletide. Butter was melted in a pan and scrambled eggs with ham were prepared in front of the subjects, who were instructed to eat, together with bread and mallow tea, as much as they wanted. With 120 ng/kg/hr ceruletide, the subjects ate significantly less (16.8 percent) than with saline (3725 kJ +/- 489 SEM and 4340 kJ +/- 536, respectively; p less than 0.025). They also reported less hunger (p less than 0.005) and activation (p less than 0.005) and activation (p less than 0.01), and had longer reaction times (p less than 0.01) and a weaker psychomotor performance (p less than 0.025). 60 ng/kg/hr ceruletide decreased food intake only slightly (6.6%; 3089 kJ +/- 253 and 3292 kJ +/- 300 respectively) and no significant changes in the above measures occurred. In conclusion, ceruletide reduces food intake in man, thus resembling the effects of cholecystokinin. PMID- 7134029 TI - Central antinociceptive effects of lysine-vasopressin and an analogue. AB - Vasopressin (VP) neurons project to extrahypothalamic sites involved in pain perception, including the substantia gelatinosa of the spinal cord as well as the trigeminal and vagus nerves. Previous studies have reported antinociceptive activity following intracerebroventricular (ICV) or subcutaneous (SC) VP injections (16-100 microgram) on the tail-flick test while hyperalgesia has been observed in rats either genetically deficient in VP or treated with antisera to VP. The present study investigated whether nanogram (ng) doses of lysine vasopressin (LVP) and a VP analogue with prolonged activity increased tail-flick latencies and flinch-jump thresholds following ICV or SC injections. LVP (150 and 500 ng, ICV) significantly increased tail-flick latencies while the analogue 1 deamino-(8-Lys-N epsilon-(Gly-Gly-Gly))-VP (500 ng, ICV) produced more powerful and prolonged analgesia. In contrast, latencies were not increased by SC injections of LVP (150-1500 ng). Further, flinch-jump thresholds were affected minimally by either ICV or SC LVP injections. These data suggest a role for VP in pain modulation and a central site of this action. PMID- 7134030 TI - Vasopressin analog (DDAVP) facilitates concept learning in human males. PMID- 7134031 TI - Angiotensin II antagonists versus drinking induced by bombesin or eledoisin in pigeons. PMID- 7134032 TI - The stability and metabolism of intravenously administered neurotensin in the rat. AB - The clearance and metabolism of synthetic and tritiated (3H) neurotensin (NT) were studied following its intravenous injection in a pharmacologic dose (500 pmol/kg) into anesthesized rats. Immunoreactive NT (iNT), measured in a radioimmunoassay (RIA) with use of a carboxyl-(C)-terminal directed antiserum, displayed an apparent half-life (t 1/2) of 0.55 min, while that measured by an amino-(N)-terminal directed antiserum had a t 1/2 of 5 min. The radiolabel from injected 3H-NT (3H on Tyr3,11) had a t 1/2 of 6.5 min. High-pressure liquid chromatography of extracts of plasma obtained from the circulation 0.5-3 min after injection of NT and 3H-NT showed the presence of NT and the generation mainly of the fragments NT1-8, NT1-11, and NT9-13, as well as free 3H-labeled tyrosine. The apparent half-lives of intravenously injected synthetic NT1-8, NT1 11 and NT1-12 measured with the N-terminal RIA were 9, 5 and 5 min, respectively, while that for NT9-13 was less than 0.5 min. These results indicate that exogenously injected NT is rapidly metabolized to form N-terminal fragments which are cleared more slowly than NT. These findings suggest that use of N-terminal antisera to detect the release of endogenous NT into the circulation is likely to yield measurements of the fragments NT1-8 and NT1-11 which thus far have been found to be biologically inactive. PMID- 7134033 TI - Partial structure of a large canine cholecystokinin (CCK58): amino acid sequence. AB - A cholecystokinin molecule larger than any previously chemically characterized was purified from canine proximal small intestine mucosa. The purification procedure consisted of sequential steps of affinity chromatography, gel filtration, and high pressure liquid chromatography. Activity was detected and quantitated by radioimmunoassay with an antibody that recognized the carboxyl terminal sequence of porcine cholecystokinin. Microsequencing of the purified peptide revealed an amino terminal nonadecapeptide sequence (AQKVNSGEPRAHLGALLAR) not present in known cholecystokinin molecules followed by a nonadecapeptide sequence (YIQQARKAPSGRMSVIKNL) that corresponds exactly to the amino terminal sequence of porcine cholecystokinin 39 except for reversed positions of a Met and a Val residue. Based on the sequence analysis, immunoreactivity, and presence of biological activity in two bioassay systems, this peptide, tentatively named cholecystokinin 58, may be a biosynthetic precursor of the smaller forms previously characterized in gastrointestinal and brain tissues. PMID- 7134034 TI - Double-enkephalins--synthesis, activity on guinea-pig ileum, and analgesic effect. AB - We have synthesized enkephalin analogues in which C-terminal methionine or leucine residues are replaced by a second active fragment of the enkephalin analogue. Synthesis of two compounds is described: in one, two fragments of a D Ala2-enkephalin analogue are connected by a -NH-NH-bridge, and in the other, three methylene groups are incorporated between the amino groups. The first compound is a very potent inhibitor of electrically induced contractions of guinea-pig ileum and produces a strong analgesia when administered intraperitoneally in mice. The second compound is less active on the ileum and fails to produce analgesia after systemic injection. The double-enkephalins may interact with mu-receptors. PMID- 7134035 TI - [Incidence of central nervous system lesions in malignant lymphoma and non Hodgkin lymphoma]. PMID- 7134036 TI - [N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity in the serum and urine of children with lipid nephrosis]. PMID- 7134037 TI - [Echoencephalographic studies in stroke]. PMID- 7134038 TI - [Unilateral hypoacusia following encephalomeningitis during epidemic parotitis in children]. PMID- 7134039 TI - [Tolerance and results of using Polfa antismoking lozenges in subjects ceasing smoking and in non-smokers]. PMID- 7134040 TI - [Behavior of the activity of various enzymes in the subcellular fractions in liver diseases]. PMID- 7134041 TI - [Postcholecystectomy syndrome--a new concept]. PMID- 7134042 TI - [Genetic counseling in psoriasis]. PMID- 7134043 TI - [Case of a primary abdominal form of Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 7134044 TI - [Surgical treatment of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis]. PMID- 7134045 TI - [Lipid metabolism disorders in patients with chronic renal failure]. PMID- 7134046 TI - [Exocrine pancreatic function in various forms of diabetes studied by the pancreozymin-secretin test]. PMID- 7134047 TI - [Glycocorticosteroids in the treatment of acute viral hepatitis]. PMID- 7134048 TI - [Acid-base equilibrium disorders in patients following partial gastrectomy]. PMID- 7134050 TI - [Nosological syndromes in the literature]. PMID- 7134051 TI - [Effect of drugs (dipyridamole, heparin, propranolol, and verapamil) on blood viscosity and plasticity of erythrocytes in in vitro studies]. PMID- 7134049 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the prophylactic and therapeutic use of Dibekacin and metranidazole in severe surgical infections]. PMID- 7134052 TI - [Blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in juvenile diabetes]. PMID- 7134054 TI - [Effect of cold on left ventricle contraction periods]. PMID- 7134053 TI - [Contents of glycogen and lipids in white blood cells of workers exposed to organic solvents]. PMID- 7134055 TI - [Trichomoniasis in children with symptoms of urinary tract infection]. PMID- 7134056 TI - [Intraosseous femoral neurilemmoma]. PMID- 7134057 TI - [Hemofiltration]. PMID- 7134058 TI - Disseminated intravascular coagulation in newborn infants. Prevalence in autopsies and significance as a cause of death. AB - Two hundred and one consecutive autopsies of the newborns were clinicopathologically analyzed for the prevalence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and its significance as a cause of death. DIC confirmed histopathologically by the presence of many microthrombi in three or more organs was accompanied in 24 cases (11.9%) with various underlying diseases. Factors predisposing to DIC in the newborns included hyaline membrane disease (29.2%), maternal complications (70.8%) and infections (16.7%). Microthrombi were found in the lungs of all the cases with DIC, but were rare in the kidneys, especially in glomeruli. Visceral lesions of DIC were characterized by a wide diversity of histopathological features including ischemic lesions. PMID- 7134059 TI - Morphological alterations in epithelial cells of the mouse gallbladder 30 hours after treatment with lithogenic diet. AB - Mice were fed a gallstone inducing diet. Thirty hours after treatment, distinct morphological alterations in the gallbladder epithelium occurred. The most striking effect was the short-term appearance of large cisternae, which emerge as a result of coalescence of dilated cavities of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. At the same time, an increased storage of small granular material was observed. These alterations did not appear after treatment lasting for less or more than thirty hours. The development started with an enlargement of the endoplasmic cavities, whereas the Golgi apparatus did not seem to undergo transformations; therefore, a transport stop of the secretory products of the epithelial cells must be located at the connection between both organelles. The formation of the endoplasmic cisternae seemed to be caused by a reversible block of the intracellular transport pathway of the secretion products. PMID- 7134060 TI - The microvascular architecture of spleen in congestive splenomegaly. A morphological-histometric study. PMID- 7134062 TI - Peritoneal mesothelioma presenting as umbilical tumor. PMID- 7134063 TI - The impact of growth pattern on survival in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas classified according to Lukes and Collins. AB - 203 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas assigned as follicle centre cell (FCC) type according to the classification of Lukes and Collins (1975) were analyzed according to growth pattern. Nodular cases had a better prognosis than diffuse ones even within a certain cell type. The abundance of parafollicular lymphocytes was a better criterium of nodularity than prominence of venules. Degrees of nodularity was best scored according to distribution of diffuse and nodular areas. Prognosis was better with a higher degree of nodular growth even within a certain cytological cell type. Therefore it is proposed that scoring according to different degrees of nodularity has a high prognostic impact and could be an alternative to scoring according to cell type within the group of follicle centre cell lymphomas. PMID- 7134061 TI - Malignant histiocytosis with slow clinical course. AB - Previously we reported that malignant histiocytosis presenting as lethal midline granuloma (MH-LMG) showed rapidly progressive course (mean survival 14 months). Because of the same biopsy findings of polymorphic cellular infiltrates (PCI), we considered that MH-LMG and midline malignant reticulosis (MMR) are similar disease. In this paper, we studied 5 cases with MH-LMG showing slow clinical course with more than 5 year survivals, and a similarity found in MH-LMG and MMR in which disseminated and localized disease are present, is discussed. Among clinical data, no abnormality in hematologic findings in MH-LMG with slow clinical course was the only different point from that with progressive course. Biopsy findings of PCI in which atypical histiocytes with positive reactions for lysozyme by immunoperoxidase procedures were present, were identical with those in MH-LMG with progressive course. Autopsy findings justified a diagnosis of MH. MH with slow clinical course seems to be identical with MMR showing localized lesion. Therefore a term MMR should be replaced by a term MH-LMG in the classification of LMG. PMID- 7134064 TI - Cytophotometric characterization of the WHO grades of transitional cell neoplasms. AB - The WHO classification of urothelial bladder tumours is widely used, but does not seem to be entirely satisfactory. The main problem is the unhomogeneous WHO II group, and borderline cases in particular are difficult to evaluate histopathologically. Objective assessment of atypia would allow more reliable correlation between morphology and biological behaviour of the tumours to be made. We describe measurements of atypia in 3 characteristic cases of papillary bladder tumour of each WHO grade I, II, and III using Feulgen-DNA-cytophotometry. The mean optical density and nuclear area is determined in 5 micron thick tissue sections. The optical density and nuclear area for each specimen are plotted in a scatter diagram, and the position and variability of the cluster are evaluated. Cytophotometric characterization resulted in defined groups of WHO-graded tumours, and due to this encouraging result the method will be applied in a more comprehensive study of WHO II carcinomas. PMID- 7134065 TI - A morphometric analysis of normal and sub-normal human mammary tissue. AB - A morphometric study of normal and sub-normal adult human mammary tissue is presented. The semi-quantitative analysis showed an increased number of lobules in sub-normal glands versus normal ones. Minor alterations, consistent with the classical concept of incipient fibrocystic disease were found in both. Quantitative morphometry (Multiple Purpose Test) confirmed the first, rather subjective, impression that the section surface occupied by lobules was nearly three times larger in sub-normal glands. This finding was due to an higher number of more extended lobules per surface unit. The extra-lobular ducts in sub-normal tissues appeared larger, but their number per surface unit was not significantly increased when compared to normal specimens. Variations between individuals, even as variations in the same gland were wide. It is suggested that "adenosis" is an age-related phenomenon and that fibrosis and cystic dilatation may be a normal manifestation of ageing of the breast. A reevaluation of the concept of true mammary dysplasia might be needed. PMID- 7134066 TI - Breast masses in young girls. Report of five cases. AB - The pubertal breast may be the seat of lesions comparable to those of the adult female breast. Of the five girls referred to in this report, aged 11 to 15 years, three had fibrocystic disease, one had a huge intracystic papilloma and the last one had multiple papillomas. The two girls with fibrocystic disease and the one girl with multiple papillomas had a family history of breast cancer which had appeared in their grandmothers. The possible relationship between the breast diseases of the two generations is discussed. PMID- 7134067 TI - Adrenal, cutaneous and myocardial lesions in fulminating endotoxinemia (Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome). PMID- 7134068 TI - Congenital masses of the head and neck. PMID- 7134069 TI - Flexible sigmoidoscopy in primary care. The procedure and its potential. AB - In comparison with the rigid sigmoidoscope, the flexible instrument has certain advantages that enhance its value in the office setting. This article describes one institution's success with the flexible scope in outpatient examinations and the proper technique for its use. PMID- 7134070 TI - Intervention in family violence. A role for the physician-and for society. AB - Contrary to long-standing mores, what goes on in the person's home is not always sacred. When family relationships break down and family members deal violently with various stresses and problems, intervention is in order. Certain changes in societal attitudes would help prevent the problem. Physicians-alone or working with other social or health service personnel-can play an important role in intervention and treatment. PMID- 7134071 TI - Headaches in children. Cause for parental concern but commonly benign. AB - Headaches in children are usually a benign symptom, but they can generate much anxiety in parents. The physician can alleviate this by following a thorough and informed approach to diagnosis and by offering simple, straightforward treatment. PMID- 7134072 TI - Steroid myopathy. Insidious cause of muscle weakness. AB - Steroids are so commonly prescribed for so many conditions that physicians tend to become somewhat cavalier in their use. With drug therapy of any type, however, this tendency can lead to trouble. Steroid myopathy, as occurs in Cushing's syndrome. Can develop with steroid therapy and can cause irreversible atrophy if not detected and treated early. PMID- 7134073 TI - Promoting teenage sexual abstinence. PMID- 7134074 TI - Adolescent morality-a clinician's viewpoint. PMID- 7134075 TI - Thanatopsis. Death and dying revisited, part 2. PMID- 7134077 TI - Caring for patients who are not easy to like. PMID- 7134076 TI - Hodgkin's disease presenting as a thyroid mass. AB - Extranodal presentations of Hodgkin's disease are relatively unusual, and the presentation of the disease as a thyroid mass is rare. The patient described here had an enlarging thyroid mass over a year and was treated for some months with levothyroxine sodium (levothroid, Synthroid) suppressive therapy, with no results. Clinical staging after initial surgery revealed stage IIIA2 Hodgkin's disease, and combination chemotherapy was immediately begun. PMID- 7134078 TI - Urinary tract infection in the adult. A guide to treatment. AB - Urinary tract infection usually responds to any general urinary chemotherapeutic agent. In this article, the another describes therapies for specific infections that he has used for over 20 years in hundreds of patients, with excellent results. PMID- 7134079 TI - Severe complications of intravenous phytonadione therapy. Two cases, with one fatality. PMID- 7134080 TI - Hair analysis. Proven and problematic applications. AB - Hair analysis has important uses in screening for metal intoxication and exposure to environmental pollutants, as well as applications in forensic medicine. In addition, hair analysis has been hailed as the new "in" tool for diagnosis of nutritional deficiencies and chronic diseases, but data to support these applications are fragmentary at best. PMID- 7134081 TI - Medical evaluation of Indochinese refugees conditions to consider. PMID- 7134082 TI - Calcium channel blockers: indications and limitations 1. Clinical pharmacology and use as antiarrhythmic agents. AB - In the atmosphere of euphoria that often surrounds introduction in the new drugs, indications may be exaggerated and limitations downplayed. This two-part article carefully assesses the advantages and disadvantages of the new calcium channel blocking drugs. In the various indications for which their use has been approved and looks into possible future applications. PMID- 7134083 TI - Echocardiography in the diagnosis of right ventricular endomyocardial fibrosis. PMID- 7134084 TI - Factors affecting resolution of pericardial effusions in primary hypothyroidism: a clinical, biochemical and echocardiographic study. PMID- 7134085 TI - Psoriasis and gout. PMID- 7134086 TI - Limited joint mobility in Type I diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7134087 TI - The glucagon test in obstructive and hepatocellular jaundice. PMID- 7134088 TI - Intravenous urography and childhood trauma. PMID- 7134089 TI - Polyneuritis following BCG re-vaccination. PMID- 7134090 TI - Meningioma of the third ventricle. PMID- 7134091 TI - Recurrent hemiplegia due to hypoglycaemia. PMID- 7134092 TI - Hypoglycaemia following removal of phaeochromocytoma: case report and review of the literature. PMID- 7134093 TI - Hyperthyroidism with periodic paralysis, acropachy, pre-tibial myxoedema, transient atrial fibrillation and myopathy. PMID- 7134094 TI - Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava. A case report with a review of the literature. PMID- 7134095 TI - Inflammation of a small bowel leiomyoma mimicking acute appendicitis. PMID- 7134096 TI - Neuropsychiatric manifestations of bromide ingestion. PMID- 7134097 TI - Dystonia associated with carbamazepine toxicity. PMID- 7134098 TI - Extrapyramidal and cerebellar syndrome with encephalopathy associated with cimetidine. PMID- 7134099 TI - [About vibrations for use in chest physiotherapy. Experimental study]. AB - The objective of the present study is to gauge mechanical and manual external vibrations for a rational use in chest physiotherapy. The observed frequencies are included between 22 and 100 Hz. The efficacy (significantly) is not yet proved and further studies are necessary to define the practical aspects of these vibrations. PMID- 7134100 TI - [Benign hypoglycemiant pleural tumors. Report on two cases]. AB - Two cases of hypoglycemiant pleural fibroma are reported: -- the first case, in a patient with sarcoidosis, was diagnosed following the onset of neuropsychic manifestations due to hypoglycemia; --the second case, much more atypical, was a patient with an enormous pleural tumor affecting cardiorespiratory function to such a degree that almost total incapacity ensued: the hypoglycemia was detected during routine pre-operative investigations. Various extrathoracic manifestations accompany these tumors: osteo-articular (present in 1 patient), and thyroidal (present in both cases). The various mechanisms proposed to explain the development of hypoglycemia in patients with certain extra-pancreatic tumors are reviewed. PMID- 7134101 TI - [Primary hypoglycemic mesenchymatous tumor of the pleura (Doege-Potter's syndrome) : a case report]. AB - A patient had been operated 4 years ago for a hypoglycemic tumor of the pleura. The lesion could be separated from the lung, and histological examination demonstrated an undifferentiated markedly cellular appearance of the tumor. Ultrastructural features were not in favor of a mesothelial tumor. Prognosis in such cases depends upon the histological type of tumor present, but remains uncertain, particularly in some apparently morphologically benign forms. Th most valid hypothesis to explain the genesis of this syndrome involves the role played by the non-suppressible insulin-like activity of a substance secreted by the tumor. This is a glycoprotein, molecular weight 90 000, which has recently been isolated, and which could play an important role as a non-suppressible insulin like protein. PMID- 7134102 TI - [Lonely pulmonary varices. Report of two new cases]. AB - Authors report two new cases of lonely pulmonary varices, raising the number of lonely pulmonary varices to 34 and to 61 the number of pulmonary varices related in literature. In both cases the dilated veins were discovered by chance on a chest roentgenogram. The pulmonary angiogram has brought the diagnosis out. A recall of the clinical symptoms and radiological aspects shown off the importance of the pulmonary angiography and of a regular supervision of those patients. If some complications appear or if some shadows extend on chest roentgenogram, the surgical treatment might become necessary. PMID- 7134103 TI - [Severe pneumopathy due to Legionella pneumophila: report on two cases]. AB - Two patients with severe forms of legionnaires' disease presented similar manifestations of a confusional syndrome, a major infectious syndrome resistant to cyclines, beta-lactams, and aminoglycosides, altered hepatic and renal functions, and a fulminating course with the need for assisted ventilation in one case. Indirect immunofluorescence serology gave very positive results in both patients and changes in serum levels were reported 6 and 8 months after the onset of the disease. A serotype I strain of Legionella pneumophila was isolated by direct immunofluorescence from bronchial aspiration products in the second case. These cases are discussed in relation to reports in the published literature. PMID- 7134104 TI - The anatomy of the avian digestive tract as related to feed utilization. AB - The anatomy of the avian GI tract is believed to markedly influence the utilization of feed processed by it. The anterior portion of the tract is adapted for ingestion, storage, and partial digestion of starch and proteins. The structure of the avian intestine is similar to that of other monogastrics except that lacteals are not found. Damage to the intestinal epithelium may decrease nutrient absorption, whereas epithelial replacement may result in improved nutrient utilization. Mitochondrial and other organelle changes are associated with changes in nutrient absorption. The avian intestine has a prominent glycocalyx overlying the microvilli. The avian liver lacks the true lobular structure of the mammalian liver. The hepatocytes are arranged in plates two cell layers thick around the bile caniculi. The avian pancreatic structure contains two main and two smaller lobes containing acinar cells, which secrete digestive enzymes into the the pancreatic ducts, and endocrine cells, which secrete hormones into the general circulation. The structure of the colon is similar to that of the intestine except for poor enervation. PMID- 7134105 TI - Gastrointestinal motility and its regulation. AB - Cineradiography and intraluminal pressure recordings, together with data from strain gauges and Ag/AgCl electrodes, have been used to evaluate gastrointestinal motility in fowl. Substantial differences exist with mammals. Gizzard and duodenal activities are closely in phase with one another, and intrinsic slow wave control is lacking although duodenal slow waves may be recorded. These slow waves may be more important in ileum, colon, and ceca. Extensive reverse peristalsis is apparent in both areas and considered normal for overall intestinal operation. PMID- 7134106 TI - Starch digestion in fowl. AB - Starch is usually the largest single nutrient in feed and provides the greatest proportion of metabolizable energy. Amylose and amylopectin comprise starch and are packed by plants in granular form. Granule stability is a function of the proportions of each polymer and the manner in which they are crystallized. Plant source determines granule size and stability. Grains generally have granules that are smaller and less stable than tuber or legume sources. Pancreatic alpha amylase is the only enzyme elaborated by fowl that digests starch. Avian and mammalian sources are very similar, and inhibitors would not ordinarily be encountered in practice. The primary products of amylose digestion are maltose and maltotriose which further include alpha-limit dextrins when amylopectin is the substrate. Having starch in granule form reduces polymer access by the enzyme, and digestion difficulties occur in proportion to stability of structure. Moisture combined with heat destabilize granule structure and their use at one time or another in the manufacture of most feeds alleviates digestibility problems. Large amounts of the enzyme are present with the chick at hatch, and the pancreas is more than capable of synthesis commensurate with need. Gelatinization, enzyme adequacy, predominance of starch from grain, and lack of inhibitors account for the relative absence of practical problems involving this nutrient. PMID- 7134107 TI - Defense mechanisms of the avian gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 7134108 TI - Adaptation of chickens to cool temperature Brooding. AB - The response of various strains of chickens to brooding temperatures of 32.2 C and 26.7 C was compared. Variation in response was assessed by mortality, weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion (FCR), rectal temperature, relative yolk sac and liver weights, packed cell volume (PCV), plasma glucose, and plasma cholesterol. Brooding at 26.7 C increased mortality, FCR, PCV, and plasma cholesterol and decreased weight gain, relative yolk sac weights, and temporarily reduced rectal temperatures but did not affect relative liver weight or plasma glucose. The magnitude of these differences was affected by both strain of bird used and method of attaining the cool temperature. Maximal effect of brooding at 26.7 C was obtained if there was excessive air flow over the chicks when feed and water were placed outside the heated area. Although feed consumption, gain, feed conversion, and mortality were affected by the cool temperature brooding, regardless of feed and water location, the magnitude of the effect was greatly diminished if feed and water were placed under the heated hover area. PMID- 7134109 TI - Relationship between Eimeria adenoeides infection and aflatoxicosis in turkey poults. AB - Three-week-old turkey poults receiving 250 micrograms/kg of dietary aflatoxin displayed prolonged prothrombin times due to decreased fibrinogen levels and depressed activity of factor II. Decreased body weights and increased mortality were also evident. Poults experiencing an Eimeria adenoeides infection had slightly increased prothrombin times that were not corrected by the addition of specific clotting factors. These birds exhibited significant reductions in total plasma protein levels. The combination of E. adenoeides and aflatoxicosis resulted in a significant depression in body weight, altered prothrombin time, and decreased levels of plasma calcium, protein, and fibrinogen. Increased mortality was also observed. E. adenoeides did not affect the hemostatic system of the turkey as severely as does aflatoxin. Turkeys were shown to be highly susceptible to aflatoxin when compared to chickens. PMID- 7134111 TI - Effect of various media and incubation conditions on recovery of inoculated Salmonella from poultry feed. AB - Samples of commercially pelleted poultry feed (30 g) were inoculated with nalidixic acid-resistant marker strains of Salmonella heidelberg or S. montevideo at levels of 1 (low), 20 (medium), or 40 (high) cells/g of feed, then 100 ml of either a nonselective preenrichment medium (lactose broth) or a selective enrichment medium [selenite cystine (SC) or tetrathionate brilliant green (TT) broth] was added and incubated at either 37 or 43 C for 24 or 48 hr in different experiments. Four selective plating media [MacConkey with 100 ppm nalidixic acid, brilliant green (BG) sulfa, modified BG, bismuth sulfite] were then streaked. MacConkey agar with nalidixic acid served as a control to which the other three plating media were compared. After 24 hr incubation at 37 C, colonies with characteristics typical of Salmonella were selected from the plates and examined biochemically and serologically to determine if they were the marker organism. In this study, preenrichment was counterproductive, because the marker organisms were recovered much more often with direct enrichment in SC or TT broth than with reenrichment in lactose broth. The TT broth produced 135 positive recoveries, whereas only 88 positive recoveries were made with SC. No differences were observed between 37 and 43 C or 24 and 48 hr incubation of the selective enrichment media. Overall efficiency of the plating media for Salmonella recovery from feed, when compared to the control (MacConkey), was BG sulfa, 65%;modified BG, 64%; and bismuth sulfite, 40%. The most effective enrichment broth-plating medium combination was TT-BG sulfa, yielding 86% positive recoveries when compared to the control. PMID- 7134110 TI - Further studies with an inactivated oil emulsion Newcastle disease vaccine in broiler breeders. AB - Chickens vaccinated with a live Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine and subsequently revaccinated with an inactivated oil emulsion ND vaccine had higher and more persistent hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody titers than birds vaccinated with live ND vaccine. The geometric mean HI antibody titers of flocks vaccinated with the inactivated ND vaccine ranged from 121 to 172, whereas the titers of flocks vaccinated every 90 days with a live ND vaccine ranged from 18 to 54. Breeder flocks revaccinated with live LaSota ND vaccine had lower egg production than the flocks vaccinated with inactivated vaccine. The average egg production per hen for the 40-week laying cycle was 174 and 170 eggs per hen for hens in the two houses vaccinated with the inactivated vaccine. Hens vaccinated with the live virus vaccine averaged 167 and 164 eggs per hen. The increase in egg production would more than offset the additional cost of the oil emulsion ND vaccine as well as the cost of injecting each individual bird at 18 weeks of age. Between 8 and 32 weeks after onset of egg production, geometric mean maternal antibody titers in 1-day-old chickens derived from breeders vaccinated with live ND vaccine ranged from 7 to 24, whereas, chicks from breeders vaccinated with the inactivated oil emulsion vaccine had maternal antibody titers that ranged from 64 to 89. PMID- 7134112 TI - Effects of sulfaguanidine and amino acid imbalances on the induction of niacin deficiency in mature and immature Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). AB - Effects of sulfaguanidine, leucine, or leucine plus isoleucine in a niacin free diet on body weight changes, liver weight, pyridine nucleotide concentrations, and activities of enzymes in mature female or immature Japanese quail were measured. The inclusion of .5% of sulfaguanidine or a high level of leucine in a niacin free diet had no influence during an 8-week period on liver pyridine nucleotide levels and the development of niacin deficiency symptoms in mature female quail. This would suggest that the mature female quail has a low requirement for dietary niacin. Immature quail were also tested to study the effects of amino acid imbalance on the induction of niacin deficiency. Although there was a marked reduction in body weight gains by the administration of leucine or leucine plus isoleucine, these treatments did not appear to accentuate niacin deficiency symptoms in these animals. Also pyridine nucleotide levels and malic enzyme, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and aldolase activities in liver tissues were not affected by these treatments. PMID- 7134113 TI - A homologous radioimmunoassay for turkey prolactin: changes during the reproductive and ovulatory cycle. AB - A rabbit antiserum to turkey prolactin (tPRL) was used in a homologous radioimmunoassay with 125I-tPRL. This assay did not cross-react with turkey luteinizing hormone (tLH), chicken LH (cLH), turkey follicle stimulating hormone (tFSH), or turkey growth hormone (tGH). The within- and between-assay coefficients of variation were 6.2 and 14.0%, respectively, and the useful range of the standard curve extended from .5 to 10.0 ng/tube. In two separate experiments, the plasma concentrations of prolactin were estimated throughout the reproductive cycle of the turkey hen using a heterologous assay previously described and the current homologous assay. The correlation coefficients between the two estimates of prolactin in nonbroody hens were .84 and .83. In both experiments, the plasma concentrations of prolactin were low when egg production was initiated, rose to maximum concentrations 5 to 7 weeks later, and thereafter declined. In the first experiment, the hens were selected because their plasma contained large amounts of immunoreactive PRL during the first 2 weeks after photostimulation in the heterologous tPRL assay. This immunoactivity was not evident when using the homologous assay. Using the heterologous assay, no differences in the plasma prolactin concentrations were detected between broody and nonbroody hens during the reproductive cycle. However, using the homologous assay, a sustained increase in the concentration of prolactin was noted for several weeks after broody behavior was detected. The maximum levels observed in broody hens were equal to those observed when the rate of egg production was maximal. There were no statistically significant changes in the concentrations of prolactin during the ovulatory cycle. PMID- 7134114 TI - Further studies on the effect of the recessive white genotype on early growth rate and body size. AB - Previous studies from this laboratory have demonstrated a relationship between the C+ and c alleles at the recessive white locus and body weight at 8 and 26 weeks of age. Similar studies have been conducted on the same randombred population 20 and 21 generations later. In addition, one experiment involved a comparison of colored and recessive white birds when grown on a low energy replacement starter vs. a high energy broiler starter. The 1981 progeny studied were produced by 100 females housed in single bird cages and inseminated with pooled semen from 20 males. The gene frequency for the recessive white gene (c) was .56 +/- .023 and the recessive white segregates were approximately 35% of the progeny produced. The 8-week body weights of the recessive white progeny as a percentage of the colored phenotype (C+/-) was 88.8% for males and 92.5% for females. These body weight differences at 8 weeks were highly significant (P less than .005). The recessive white genotype also reduced 26-week body weight of females and 38-week egg weight. As expected, there were highly significant differences (P less than .001) in body weight at 4, 6, and 8 weeks of age due to rations. However, there was no evidence of a genotype X ration interaction. The observed differences between genotypes (C+/- vs. c/c) were similar regardless of the energy level of the ration. These results confirm and extend the earlier observations on the depressing effect of the recessive white genotype on early growth and support the conclusion that this relationship represents a pleiotropic effect of the gene and is not the result of linkage disequilibrium. PMID- 7134115 TI - The effect of environmental temperature on sensible and latent heat production of broiler chickens. AB - Sensible and latent heat (moisture) production data were obtained for broiler chickens grown from 3 to 7 weeks of age on litter at three environmental temperatures: 15.6, 21.1, and 26.7 C. Shape of the specific sensible and latent heat curves were similar for the 15.6 and 21.1 C temperatures, but the sensible heat production at 15.6 C was about 12% greater than for 21.1 C for chickens weighing between 500 and 1000 g; the different increased for heavier chickens. Heat production curves for 26.7 C were markedly different from the other two temperatures. Specific sensible heat at 26.7 C was 2.8 cal/hr (g) and was independent of body weight over the range 500 to 1800 g. The data were compared to those published since 1969 to determine if increased growth rates have affected heat production data. Results indicate no discernible effect for cool temperatures, but for warm temperatures it appears that increased growth rates may be accompanied by an approximately proportional increase in specific sensible heat production. PMID- 7134116 TI - Vaccination of broiler chicks from breeder flocks immunized with a live or inactivated oil emulsion Newcastle disease vaccine. AB - One-day-old chicks used in this study were from breeder flocks vaccinated with live (B1 and LaSota) or inactivated oil emulsion Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine. Chicks were vaccinated against ND by various procedures. The vaccination response was evaluated by hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titers and by challenge. Chicks from breeder flocks vaccinated with live virus vaccine had a geometric mean hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titer (GMT) for Newcastle of 7 (low maternal antibody titer) at 1 day of age, whereas those chickens derived from breeder flocks vaccinated with inactivated oil emulsion ND vaccine had a GMT of 84 (high maternal antibody titer). One-day-old chicks injected with live B1 vaccine were not immunized against ND regardless of breeder flock source. However, chickens with low maternal antibody titers were effectively immunized against ND when injected at 1 day of age with an inactivated or inactivated plus live ND vaccine. Chicks with high maternal antibody titers were not effectively protected when vaccinated with inactivated vaccine at 1 day of age; however, these chicks were protected when injected with a combined live and inactivated ND vaccine. Chicks from both breeder flocks were effectively immunized against ND when injected at 1 day of age with a live or inactivated ND vaccine and revaccinated by aerosol at 21 days of age with live B1 ND vaccine. Even though they were protected against ND, there appears to have been an interference phenomenon in chicks derived from breeder flocks vaccinated with the live ND vaccine. Beak-O-Vac vaccinated chickens were not effectively protected against ND when compared with chicks vaccinated by aerosol at 1 day of age. Water vaccination at 7, 14, or 21 days of age was as effective as aerosol vaccination when administered to chicks with low maternal antibody titers. However, water vaccination was not as effective as aerosol vaccination when administered to chicks with high maternal antibody titers. PMID- 7134117 TI - Noncitrinin toxicity of Penicillium citrinum contaminated corn. AB - Day-old white Leghorn chicks were fed P. citrinum-contaminated corn at 3.88, 7.75, 31, or 62% levels in the ration for a period of 5 weeks. High treatment levels (31 and 62%) of contaminated corn in the ration caused severe growth depression, high mortality, and significant decreases in feed consumption. Necrosis of periportal and centrilobular hepatocytes, glomerular atrophy and hyperplasia, degeneration and necrosis of tubular cells, lymphoid depletion, suppression of hematopoiesis, necrosis of pancreatic acinar cells, and a cardiac and skeletal myopathy were observed microscopically in chicks fed 31 and 62% contaminated corn in the rations. Low levels of contaminated corn in the ration (3.88 and 7.75%) caused few clinical effects; however, liver and kidney changes were observed microscopically. Ultrastructural observation of affected tissues showed swelling of mitochondria, dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum, increased numbers of autophagic vacuoles and paramyelin figures, and lipoprotein peroxidation of organelles. The toxin (s) present in the P. citrinum contaminated ration have not been identified. PMID- 7134118 TI - Comparison of ochratoxin, aflatoxin, and T-2 toxin for their effects on selected parameters related to digestion and evidence for specific metabolism of carotenoids in chickens. AB - Aflatoxicosis, ochratoxicosis, and T-2 toxicosis were produced by feeding diets containing graded concentration of the appropriate toxin to broiler chicks from hatching unit 3 weeks of age. Aflatoxin, even at levels not growth inhibitory, produced a malabsorption syndrome characterized by steatorrhea, hypocarotenoidemia, and decreased concentrations of bile salts and pancreatic lipase, trypsin, amylase, and RNase. The T-2 toxin at concentrations higher than required to inhibit growth produced a mild malabsorption syndrome characterized by steatorrhea and decreased levels of pancreatic lipase, trypsin, amylase, and RNase. The only suggestion of malabsorption during ochratoxicosis was a severe hypocarotenoidemia. The following observations indicated a lack of correlation between lipid malabsorption and hypocarotenoidemia. The T-2 toxicosis exhibited lipid malabsorption in the absence of hypocarotenoidemia, ochratoxicosis exhibited hypocarotenoidemia in the absence of lipid malabsorption, and aflatoxicosis exhibited both symptoms. These findings imply that carotenoids are physiologically active compounds with specific metabolic processes and are not inert substances swept along with lipids as is commonly assumed from the ability to grow apparently healthy birds free of carotenoids. The current findings also indicate that great specificities exist in mycotoxicoses despite superficial similarities. PMID- 7134119 TI - Effects of feeding vomitoxin contaminated wheat on the performance of broiler chickens. AB - Two experiments were conducted to ascertain the effect of feeding vomitoxin to meat-type chickens. In each experiment 360 day-old commercial chickens of the Shaver strain were housed in Petersime batteries for 28 days and fed diets containing 0, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60% of wheat containing 3.00 ppm of vomitoxin. Analysis indicated that the vomitoxin levels in the diets ranged from less than .02 (control) to 1.87 ppm. Each diet was fed in either the all-mash or the crumbled form. There was no evidence of feed refusal or emesis nor were there any significant effects on mortality, body weight gain, live body weight, feed consumption, or feed conversion when these diets were fed. Subjecting the feeds to the pelleting crumbling process had no effect on the level of vomitoxin found in the finished feed. No organ damage from feeding vomitoxin was evident. PMID- 7134120 TI - Effect of gibberellic acid on production characteristics of aged and force molted chickens in cages. AB - Production characteristics of individually caged 72-week-old brown egg type hens or 86-week-old hens of a similar strain that had previously been subjected to different watering systems (continuous flow cups vs. intermittent flow troughs) and the stress and recovery of a forced molting program were evaluated in two trials over a 4 to 5-week interval following 6 alternate day subcutaneous injections (2.4 mg/bird) of gibberellic acid (GA3). Egg production and feed consumption of the 72-week-old hens maintained at constant temperature (20.0 +/- 1.0 C), humidity (55%), and light intensity (10.76 1x) were significantly greater (GA3 X time, P less than .05) in the GA3 treated birds and were accompanied by significantly larger eggs (Ga3 X time, P less than .05) with generally thinner shells. In the second trial, the 86-week-old hens responded with similar trends but the differences were less and related in part to prior watering system. No statistically significant differences were found for egg production, feed consumption, and egg weight as previously observed, but there was significantly greater shell thickness of eggs from the GA3 -treated birds previously adapted to cups as compared to trough waterers (GA3 X time X waterer, P less than .025). No statistically significant effects of GA3 on body weight were observed in either trial. The data suggest that the differences in response between the two trials may be related to the initial differences in egg production and, thus, the levels of circulating gonadal hormones, since GA3 has been shown to have androgenic activity in chicks, and estrogenic as well as other hormonal activity in other species. PMID- 7134121 TI - The effect of environmental temperature on immune response and metabolism of the young chicken. 2. Effect of the immune response to sheep red blood cells on energy metabolism. AB - We investigated the effect of an immune response, following injection with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in pullets, on energy balance characteristics and on protein and far gain. Controls were sham-immunized with phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Feed intake, body weight, rate of gain, and metabolizability of gross energy were not significantly (P greater than .10) affected by SRBC-immunization. The magnitude and composition of energy gain were influenced by SRBC immunization. The SRBC-immunized pullets retained significantly (P less than .01) more energy, deposited significantly (P less than .05) more fat, and had a significantly (P less than .01) lower maintenance requirement of metabolizable energy than PBS-injected pullets during days 1 to 5 after injection. During days 6 to 10 after injection, SRBC-immunized pullets deposited significantly (P less than .05) less fat and significantly (P less than .10) more protein than PBS injected pullets. Effects of vaccination on metabolic rate and performance characteristics may be comparable with these effects of SRBC-immunization. PMID- 7134122 TI - Free amino acids in the plasma of poults used as an indicator of possible limiting amino acids in presently available protein sources. AB - Free amino acids in the plasma of poults were used to determine limiting amino acids in turkey starter diets that incorporated each of four protein sources (pea protein concentrate, dehulled soybean meal, herring fish meal, and poultry residue meal) in comparison with a control diet that contained fish meal and soybean meal. The control diet has been consistent in producing maximum growth with lower free amino acid levels in the blood plasma of poults in our laboratory. The diet that contained pea protein concentrate plus added methionine produced significantly lower plasma levels of methionine, arginine, proline, threonine, leucine, and taurine than the control values. The addition of threonine to the methionine supplemental pea protein concentrate significantly reduced the free isoleucine and leucine in the plasma. Soybean meal with methionine failed to produce a weight gain equal to the control diet, supplementing lysine improved growth rate, and threonine was the next limiting amino acid. The poults fed the herring fish meal basal diet with no amino acid supplementation produced a growth rate equivalent to the control birds. Free methionine was significantly lower, which indicated less available methionine in the fish meal. Supplementation of 26% poultry residue meal with methionine and lysine improved growth rate. Further addition of histidine or histidine and tyrosine resulted in no further improvement in growth rate. The free amino acids in the plasma would indicate that methionine, lysine, histidine, leucine, and isoleucine were limiting in the poultry residue meal studied. PMID- 7134123 TI - Use of single-stage low protein diets for growing Leghorn pullets. AB - Two experiments were conducted in which growing White Leghorn pullets were fed single-stage 14% CP diets from 0 to 19 weeks. In the first trial, diet treatments were 1) conventional step-down protein, 2) reverse-protein, 3) 14% CP single stage with methionine and lysine adjusted to 2 and 5% of CP, respectively, 4) as per 3 to 12 weeks followed by 14% CP with no amino acid constraints to 19 weeks. Each treatment was tested with 14 replicated cages each of 11 commercial strain Leghorn pullets. Single-stage 14% CP diets reduced pullet weight to 16 weeks relative to conventionalLy fed birds, although after this time no significant (P greater than .05) effect was observed. Pullets fed the reverse-protein diets were significantly (P less than .01) smaller than birds from all other treatments. During a subsequent 52-week laying period, rearing treatment had no significant effect on egg production, egg weight, shell deformation, feed intake, or Haugh units. A second trial was conducted to note the effect of energy level on the birds' response to low-protein diets. Diets of 14.4% CP were formulated to provide either 2610 or 3164-kcal ME/kg. A third treatment allowed for self selection of two diets providing concentrated sources fo protein or energy. Each treatment was tested with nine replicate cages of 10 commercial strain White Leghorn pullets. Dietary energy had little effect on pullet development. Although birds offered the low-energy diets consistently consumed more protein, diet had no effect on body weight or carcass composition at 18 weeks. The data indicate that single-stage low-protein diets are suitable for growing pullets to maturity. Compared to a conventional step-down protein program, the single-stage 14% CP diet does not control body weight but does give comparable laying performance, albeit at reduced protein intake during rearing. The simplicity of the program is discussed relative to industry needs. PMID- 7134124 TI - Plasma levels of cholesterol and testosterone in White Leghorn hens that laid soft-shelled and shell-less eggs. AB - Plasma concentrations of cholesterol and testosterone were determined in White Leghorn hens that had just laid soft-shelled (SS) or shell-less (SL) eggs and compared to those that laid hard-shelled (HS) eggs. Hens were bled at two different ages, at 22 to 34 and 66 to 74 weeks of age. Blood samples were collected in the morning hours (0600 to 1200 hr) for both age groups with an additional evening bleed (1500 to 1900 hr) for the 66 to 74-week-old hens. Both plasma constituents were higher in hens that laid SS or SL eggs when compared to those which laid HS eggs, but differences were statistically significant only for the 66 to 74-week-old hens bled in the morning hours. The results of this study indicate that elevated levels of testosterone and its precursor, cholesterol, may be related to the production of eggs with little or no shell calcification. PMID- 7134125 TI - Food and water intake following injection of glucose into the lateral ventricle of the brain of broiler type chicks. AB - The effects of glucose and 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) on food intake and water consumption were investigated in broiler chicks. Artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) containing either glucose or the glucose antimetabolite 2-DG was injected into the lateral brain ventricles of fasted and satiated chicks. The satiated chicks received 10 microliters of CSF containing either 5 or 10% 2-DG, whereas those fasted for 24 hr received CSF with 10, 20, or 30% glucose (dextrose) in 10 microliters volumes. Chicks were maintained in a thermoneutral environment with continuous lighting. Intraventricular injections of 5 or 10% 2-DG had no significant effect on food intake or water consumption in the fully-fed chicks. In the 24-hr fasted chicks, 10% glucose had no effect on food or water intake. The decrease in food intake observed following the injection of 20 and 30% glucose appeared to be an osmotic effect. Based on results obtained, it was suggested that selection for increased growth rate, such as in broilers, may have resulted in a decrease in glucoreceptor sensitivity. Such a decrease in sensitivity could lead to an increased food intake as occurs in broilers. PMID- 7134126 TI - Adenohypophyseal cytology of chemically and surgically thyroidectomized cockerels. AB - Reproductive traits and histology of the adenohypophysis were studied in adult White Leghorn cockerels after surgical thyroidectomy or .1% propylthiouracil (PTU) food supplementation. Both treatments caused hypothyroidism as judged by a marked reduction in plasma thyroxine levels, a decrease in resting metabolic rate values, an increase in liver and adipose tissue weights, and a marked elevation in the alcianophilic cell population in the adenohypophysis. Both the PTU-treated and thyroidectomized birds demonstrated reduced testes and comb weights. However, although thyroidectomy was found to increase the number of PAS-positive cells in the adenohypophysis, the PTU treatment reduced them. This phenomena is discussed. PMID- 7134127 TI - Plasma estrone levels in the chick embryo. AB - Plasma estrone (E1) concentrations in male and female chick embryos were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA) on days 9.5, 11.5, 12.5, 13.5, 14.5, 15.5, and 17.5 of development. Levels of E1 in female embryos demonstrate a statistically significant increase from days 9.5 (275.0 pg/ml) to 13.5 (399.0 pg/ml). On days 14.5 to 17.5 plasma E1 values appear to decrease with respect to day 13.5 values (day 14.5, 349.0 pg/ml; day 15.5, 326.0 pg/ml; day 17.5, 338.6 pg/ml). This change, however, may or may not be real (P less than .06). In male embryos, plasma E1 concentrations remain at a relatively steady level throughout development (day 9.5, 184.4 pg/ml to day 17.5, 230 pg/ml) and are statistically significantly lower than those of female embryos. Results are discussed in terms of the possible role of E1 in the growth and differentiation of accessory and secondary sex characters. PMID- 7134128 TI - Fertility of the turkey hen as affected by initial insemination and onset of egg production. AB - A comparison between initial inseminations of Large White turkey hens prior to or after onset of egg production was undertaken to determine the effect on fertility. Semen from Bronze toms was utilized for the initial inseminations whereas all subsequent inseminations utilized White sires. After 10 weeks there were no significant differences between treatments for percent egg production or hatchability. Inseminating prior to the onset of egg production resulted in a significantly different (P less than or equal to .05) 8-week average of 97.5% fertility in the early insemination (EI) group as compared to an average of 90.4% in the late insemination (LI) group. Differences between the EI and the LI groups were greatest during the last 2 weeks of the experiment during which the EI hens maintained higher levels of fertility. Bronze poults were observed in the EI progeny following three subsequent inseminations with semen from White sires, whereas no Bronze poults were obtained from the LI hens following the third subsequent insemination with White semen. PMID- 7134129 TI - Ultrastructure of the guinea fowl (Numidia meleagris) spermatozoon. AB - The ultrastructure of guinea spermatozoa was characterized by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The average lengths and widths (measured at the widest points) of the segments were as follows: acrosome, 1.8 x .47 mu; nucleus, 12.8 x .49 mu; midpiece, 3.9 x .59 mu; flagellum, 59 x .52 mu. Thus, the guinea sperm cell is slightly smaller than the chicken or turkey spermatozoon. The ultrastructure of the guinea spermatozoon was similar to that of the chicken and turkey with two exceptions: 1) the mitochondria had cristae aligned parallel and oblique with respect to the outer limiting membrane and 2) there was no proximal centriole, the distal centriole projected into the implantation fossa with "arms" of the nonstriating connecting piece extending laterally from the centriole to the implantation fossa. PMID- 7134130 TI - Seminal plasma free amino acids and seminal and blood plasma proteins of the guinea fowl (Numidia meleagris). AB - Glutamic acid was the major free amino acid in guinea seminal plasma, representing 90.00% of the total amino acids. Threonine comprised 3.74%, aspartic acid 3.23%, and serine 1.50%. Others were detected at less than .50% of the total free amino acids. Blood plasma protein concentration and SE were 2.68 +/- .35 g/100 ml, and the proteins were fractionated by disc acrylamide electrophoresis into seven major bands: albumin, alpha-1, a dense beta fraction, and four postbeta, or gamma, proteins. Seminal plasma protein concentration and SE were .45 +/- .03 g/100 ml, and the proteins separated into nine fractions: albumin, alpha-1 and -2, beta-1, -2, and -3, and three postbeta, or gamma, bands. PMID- 7134131 TI - The effect of crumbled and pelleted feed on the incidence of sudden death syndrome among male chicken broilers. AB - An experiment involving 7200 male broiler chickens was conducted to estimate the effect of feeding crumble-pellet diets on the incidence of Sudden Death Syndrome (SDS). Mortality due to SDS was significantly higher for birds fed a crumble pellet regimen in its usual form or in a ground form compared with birds fed all mash diets. Birds fed the crumble-pellet dietary regimen grew more rapidly than those on either the ground crumble-pellet regimen or on all-mash. There was no significant (P = .05) difference in the growth rate of the birds fed the ground crumble-pellet regimen compared with those fed all-mash. It was concluded that the higher incidence of SDS was due to some factor(s) in the pelleting process itself rather the rapid growth resulting from the higher density of pelleted feeds. PMID- 7134132 TI - Sodium chloride requirement of young turkeys. PMID- 7134133 TI - Studies on dimensional characteristics of spermatozoa in pure and strain crosses of White Leghorn cockerels. AB - Sperm head dimensional characteristics were evaluated in three pure strains (M, N, and P) and three strain crosses (N x P, M x N, and P x M) of White Leghorn cockerels. A total of 120 collections from 24 cockerels were taken. The average sperm head length recorded was 14.58 +/- .09 mu, with an average maximum value of 15.29 +/- .19 mu for spermatozoa from the P x M strain cockerels. The average sperm breadth was found to be .722 +/- .005 mu. Maximum values were found for spermatozoa from the M x N strain cockerels that averaged .735 +/- .004 mu. There was a significant difference (P less than .01) between strains for sperm head length. The P x M strain had a significantly longer sperm head length than the other strains. This may be associated with heterosis. There were no significant differences among strains for sperm head breadth. The mean sperm head area was recorded to be 10.61 +/- .08 mu 2. Maximum sperm head area was observed in semen from P x M strain cockerels (11.03 +/- .15 mu 2). The average sperm head shape was found to be 20.14 +/- .22. There were significant differences (P less than .01) among strains for sperm head area and sperm head shape. The repeatability estimates for all the dimensional characteristics showed that they are highly repeatable traits, indicating that additive gene action is playing an important role in the expression of these traits. PMID- 7134134 TI - Survival under heat stress of lines selected for fast and slow growth at two temperatures. AB - Two replicates of four lines of White Leghorn chickens previously selected for fast and slow gain from 5 to 9 weeks of age in a hot (32.2 C) and cold (21.1 C) selection environment were grown from 5 to 9 weeks in the hot and cold temperature environments and then subjected to high temperature stress at 40.6 C. Four different experiments were run. The percent mortality was analyzed when approximately 50% of the birds had died. Birds reared in the cold environment were heavier and consistently had higher mortality than those reared in the hot environment when both were subjected to acute heat stress (40.6 C). The importance of acclimation to mild heat stress on response to acute heat stress was demonstrated by the mortality difference. No significant differences in survival under heat stress were found between lines selected in the hot and the cold selection environments. Lines selected for fast growth had significantly higher mortality rates under high temperature stress than lines selected for slow growth in replicate 1 but not in replicate 2. Estimates of the genetic correlation between weight gain from 5 to 9 weeks of age and percent mortality under heat stress after two generations of selection in replicate 2 was -.004, and after three generations of selection in replicate 1 was +.076. PMID- 7134135 TI - Effect of atmospheric ammonia on laying hen performance. AB - In periods of extremely cold weather, energy conservation in a pit-type laying house usually results in a restricted ventilation rate and an increase in air pollutants particularly ammonia. Results show that 200 ppm ammonia for 17 days causes a significant loss in percent egg production and the hens lose a significant amount of weight with a reduced feed intake. Although not satisfactory, it appears that lesser amounts of ammonia (100 ppm) can be tolerated for short periods without an immediate drastic loss in laying performance if a choice has to be made between frozen waterers and cold stress versus atmospheric ammonia in the laying house. PMID- 7134136 TI - Performance of laying turkeys grouped according to daily food intake. AB - The individual food intake of 120 Large White turkey hens in cages was measured for 3 weeks for 36 to 39 weeks of age. Based on that rate of intake, hens were divided into four treatment groups: two high intake (HI) and two low intake (LI). A control diet was fed to one HI group and one LI group. In addition, diets with different nutrient density were formulated for one HI group and one LI group. The experimental period was for 10 weeks beginning when the hens were 39 weeks of age. There were no significant differences among the groups for rate of egg production, total number of eggs, egg weight, or egg specific gravity, although there were significant differences for the daily intakes of protein, sulfur amino acids, lysine, phosphorus, calcium, and metabolizable energy. These data indicate that, at 39 weeks of age, there was no benefit from grouping birds based on previous food intake and feeding them diets to increase or decrease daily intake of certain nutrients. PMID- 7134137 TI - Natural occurrences of ochratoxicosis in poultry. AB - Five independent episodes of ochratoxicosis in about 970,000 turkeys, two episodes in about 70,000 laying hens, and two episodes in about 12,000,000 broiler chickens were investigated. Ochratoxin A concentrations in suspect feed and ingredients ranged from less than .2 to 16 ppm. Feed samples tested for T-2 toxin, F-2 toxin, heavy metals, and polychlorinated biphenyls were negative. Minor amounts of aflatoxin (less than 60 ppb) were found in suspect feed from two episodes. The main symptoms in turkeys were mortality (up to 59%), nephrotoxicity (pale, swollen kidneys that became tan colored in the sequel to acute toxicity), decreased feed consumption (as little as 20% of the normal feed intake) prior to death, and secondary air sacculitis. Histopathology revealed edema and necrosis of the proximal tubules of the kidneys and no changes in the liver or other organs. Suspect feed containing 2 ppm ochratoxin A increased uric acid levels in serum when fed to poults in the laboratory. The episodes in laying hens were characterized by reduced egg production, poor egg shell quality, and nephropathy. The episodes in broiler chickens were characterized by poor growth rate, poor feed conversion efficiency, poor pigmentation, nephropathy, and increased incidence of air sacculitis. Obtaining feed and ingredients free of ochratoxin, cleaning the feed and ingredient handling equipment, and adding antifungal agents to the feed proved beneficial. Eight of the 9 episodes were traced to the corn supply and the ninth episode was traced to corn gluten meal that became contaminated during storage after manufacture. Evidence was obtained that the ochratoxin was unstable and declined in concentration during storage. Aqueous acetone was a better solvent for extracting ochratoxin than was the recommended phosphoric acid: chloroform. The ochratoxin extracted from high potency samples consisted of ochratoxins A, B, and C in ratios of about 90:8:2. PMID- 7134138 TI - Influence of salinomycin on antimicrobial resistance of coliforms and streptococci from broiler chickens. AB - An experiment was conducted to evaluate antimicrobial resistance of coliforms and streptococci isolated from feces of chickens fed salinomycin. Two groups of 20 chickens were fed either a control feed or feed supplemented with 80 g/ton salinomycin. Chicken fecal coliforms and streptococci were isolated at 5, 15, 19, 22, 26, 33, 40, and 47 days of age and their resistance to 11 or 12 antibacterial agents (coliforms and streptococci, respectively) were determined in both groups of chickens. Salinomycin significantly reduced the number of coliforms resistant to sulfadiazine and reduced the number of streptococci resistant to erythromycin and lincomycin. Streptococci from birds fed salinomycin had lower minimum inhibitory concentrations for streptomycin. No streptococci isolates developed resistance to salinomycin. Coliforms from birds fed salinomycin had more (P less than .05) resistance patterns involving two, five, and six drugs. Numbers of coliforms resistant to streptomycin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, and cephalothin were greater (P less than .05) from birds fed salinomycin. PMID- 7134139 TI - Use of dietary ammonium sulfate in control of growth rate of broiler breeder replacement pullets from one day of age. AB - Meat-strain chicks were offered diets supplemented with graded levels of ammonium sulfate in Experiment 1 from 0 to 4 or 6 weeks of age and then received unsupplemented diets to 6 or 10 weeks of age. Levels of 13.8 or 27.6 g/kg of dietary ammonium sulfate reduced feed intake to 98 or 74% and restricted body weights to 90 or 72% of control values up to 6 weeks of age with no apparent diet related mortality. In Experiment 2, meat-strain birds were fed ad libitum to 20 weeks of age. Starter and grower diets were supplemented with 13.8 or 27.6 g/kg ammonium sulfate to 12 weeks or 13.8 g/kg to 16 weeks of age. Control birds received unsupplemented diets, which were fed skip-a-day from 6 to 20 weeks of age. Birds receiving supplemented diets had lower feed intake and body weights initially but attained higher body weight at 20 weeks and experienced higher mortality. The number of settable eggs and other breeder parameters did not differ significantly between birds reared on supplemented and control rations. It was concluded that prolonged supplementation of diets with ammonium sulfate, to restrict growth rate, was not advantageous for meat-strain replacement birds. PMID- 7134140 TI - Effects of frequency of semen collection on reproductive performance of male turkeys fed low protein diets during the breeder period. AB - Eight-week-old Large White male turkeys were fed ad libitum a 17% protein corn soybean meal diet until 28 weeks old. At 28 weeks the average body weight was 14.2 kg and 75% of the males were producing semen. The turkeys were fed diets containing 8, 11, 13, or 17% protein from 28 to 53 weeks. At 53 weeks the average body weights were 17.6, 18.9, 19.0, and 19.2 kg for birds fed 8, 11, 13 and 17% protein, respectively. The turkeys consumed less of the 8 and 11% protein diets: .88 and .92 of the amount of the 17% protein diet consumed during weeks 28 to 53. Semen was collected one time (1x) (Tuesday) and 3x (Monday-Wednesday-Friday) per week from 20 turkeys in each dietary treatment. Semen volume averaged .29 and .21 ml per ejaculate for the 1x/week and 3x/week semen collections, respectively, with no effect of dietary treatment. Sperm concentration (8.28 x 10(9) sperm/ml) was consistent in all groups throughout the experiment. Fertility of eggs set and hatchability of fertile eggs was high (+91%) for hens inseminated with semen collected 1x/week from males fed 8, 11, 13, and 17% protein diets, respectively. However, fertility of semen from the 3x/week semen collection was 79% after the 1st insemination and increased to 92% after the 2nd weekly insemination. Overall fertility for the 10 weeks was 94 and 92% for the 1x/week and 3x/week semen collections, respectively. PMID- 7134141 TI - Dietary cellulose, wheat bran, and fish meal in relation to hepatic lipids, serum lipids, and lipid excretion in laying hens. AB - Isonitrogenous diets supplemented with 10% cellulose, 10% wheat bran, or 10% fish meal were fed to White Leghorn hens from 245 to 322 days of age. Neither body weights nor egg production of the hens fed these diets differed significantly from those of controls fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet. Supplemental fish meal and wheat bran did not significantly affect liver weight or liver lipids, although serum lipids of the hens fed the diet containing fish meal were significantly lower than those of the hens fed the basal diet. The hens fed the cellulose-supplemented diet, however, exhibited significantly decreased liver weights, serum lipids, and liver lipids, which were accompanied by a significant increase in excreta lipid. It is speculated that lipid excretion may be involved in some dietary induced alterations in the hepatic lipid concentration of laying chickens. PMID- 7134142 TI - Dietary energy requirements of broilers reared in low and moderate environmental temperatures. 1. Adjusting dietary energy to compensate for abnormal environmental temperatures. AB - Four trials were conducted to determine the feasibility of replacing fossil fuel energy with dietary energy to meet the 23- to 48-day-old broiler chicken's energy requirements during abnormal cold exposure. Sexed broilers were fed 3250 or 3500 kcal metabolizable energy (ME)/kg in a 21.1 C environment (a normal management situation), and 3250 or 3125 kal ME/kg in a 26.7 C environment. Body weights and feed utilizations increased when broilers were exposed to a 15.6 C environmental temperature and fed 3375 kcal ME/kg dietary energy as compared to feeding a 3250 kcal ME/kg dietary energy in the same environment. When broilers were reared in a 10.0 C environment, maximum body weights were not obtained by increasing the dietary energy from 3250 to 3500 kcal/kg dietary energy. Broiler males, fed 3250 kcal ME/kg and reared in either a 21.1 or a 26.7 C environment, were larger than males reared in 10.0 C environment. No significant differences were found in broiler female weights reared in a 10.0, 15.6, or 21.1 C environment and fed 3250 kcal ME/kg in each temperature regimen. Feed utilizations were the same broilers were reared in a 15.6 C environment and fed 3375 kcal ME/kg compared to broilers reared in a 21.1 C environment and fed 3250 kcal ME/kg. These results indicate that maximum performance of 23- to 48-day-old broilers may be achieved in a 15.6 C environment by feeding a high energy diet (3375 kcal/kg). Results also showed that dietary energy may replace fossil fuel energy that would normally be supplied in a 21.1 C environment. PMID- 7134143 TI - The influence of low protein grower diets on spring housed pullets. AB - Two experiments were conducted using Leghorn-type pullets, hatched in November and December, to study the influence of level of protein (9, 14, and 21%) fed from 8 to 20 weeks of age on performance in the laying house. Feeding the diet containing 9% protein resulted in decreased body weight at 20 weeks of age compared to weight of those birds fed the two higher protein levels. The lighter body weight persisted throughout the laying period. Throughout the laying period the birds of lighter weight laid less eggs of lower weight. PMID- 7134144 TI - Performance of growing turkey hens as influenced by supplemental dietary fat and different ME:nutrient ratios. AB - Rate of gain and feed efficiency of growing hen turkeys from 1 to 126 days of age was improved by supplementing diets with a blended fat at levels ranging from 2 to 8%. The favorable response to supplemental fat occurred with diets base on corn or milo with the greatest responses obtained with the corn-based diets. There was no significant difference in body weight and feed efficiency between the hens receiving diets in which the concentration of nutrients were adjusted with increases in metabolizable energy (ME) concentration or diets in which nutrient concentrations remained constant (nonadjusted) irrespective of ME level. Body weight of hens at 126 days of age was increased from .4 to 1.8% for each 1% supplemental fat on the basis of regression analysis. Feed efficiency improvement varied from 1.4 to 1.5% for each 1% supplemental fat. Efficiency of protein utilization was improved significantly by the addition of supplemental fat, occurring primarily with the nonadjusted diet series. Efficiency of ME utilization was improved in both diet series by supplemental fat. Supplemental fat improved protein efficiency of milo-based diets but had no effect on ME utilization. Hens receiving fat-supplemented, corn-based diets exhibited a higher percentage of pendulous crops as compared with hens receiving the control corn diet or the milo-based diets. PMID- 7134145 TI - Elevated seminal plasma protein: a characteristic of Yellow turkey semen. AB - Semen volume, seminal plasma color, protein concentration, and subfractions from 8 white semen (WS) and 8 yellow semen (YS) Large White turkeys were measured for 15 weeks. Average volume was .29 +/- .01 ml for WS and .32 +/- .02 ml for YS males. Plasma from WS was white and averaged 1.84 +/- .07 g/100 ml protein, whereas YS seminal plasma was yellow with 7.03 +/- .5 g/100 ml protein. Protein subfractions in WS and YS seminal plasma were qualitatively similar and consisted of prealbumin, albumin, alpha-1 and -2, beta-1, -2, and -3, and postbeta (gamma). The alpha proteins were more frequently seen in YS seminal plasma. The elevated protein of YS seminal plasma was due to an increased concentration of all proteins, with the possible exception of beta-3, with albumin contributing the most. Except for prealbumin and beta-3, the seminal proteins had the same electrophoretic mobility as counterpart blood proteins. Blood and seminal plasma protein concentrations were poorly correlated (+ .039; P less than or equal to .75). Blood protein concentrations from 68 toms ranged from 3.3 to 5.7 g/100 ml and averaged 4.2 g/100 ml; seminal plasma protein concentrations ranged from .93 to 12.8 g/100 ml. Nineteen percent of the males had YS with seminal plasma protein greater than 4.0 g/100 ml. The high correlation between intensity of the yellow color in YS seminal plasma and protein concentration (+ .76; P less than or equal to .01) indicates that semen quality of turkey breeders could be improved by selection on the basis of low seminal plasma protein concentration. PMID- 7134146 TI - Effects of holding temperature and storage time on respiratory rate, motility, and fertility of chicken and turkey semen. AB - A series of experiments was conducted to measure the respiratory activity, motility, and fertility of chicken and turkey sperm in undiluted and diluted (1 part semen to 5 parts Beltsville Poultry Semen Extender) semen held at either 41, 25, 15, or 5 C for 3 or 6 hr. Sperm respiration was temperature dependent, increasing with increasing temperature. When incubated under identical conditions, the respiratory rate of spermatozoa in diluted semen of both species was significantly (P less than .05) higher than in undiluted semen. In undiluted and diluted chicken and turkey semen, sperm mortality was lowest at 41 C. No differences in the motility of spermatozoa from undiluted and diluted semen of either species were observed in the unstored controls. Sperm motility in samples held at 15 or 5 C was similar to that of the unstored controls. The fertility of diluted chicken semen was highest (75%) after 6 hr of storage at 5 C. Fertility levels (71 to 83%) of chicken semen was highest (75%) after 6 hr of storage at 5 C. Fertility levels (71 to 83%) of chicken semen held for 3 hr at 25, 15, or 5 C did not differ from the unstored control. In contrast, the fertilizing capacity of diluted turkey semen (0 to 45%) was significantly lower than the unstored controls (68%), regardless of holding times and temperatures. The fertility of undiluted turkey semen was significantly (P less than .05) lower than the unstored control in all cases, with the exception of semen held at 25 C for 3 hr. PMID- 7134147 TI - Physiology of turkey embryos during pipping and hatching. V. Plasma total calcium, magnesium concentrations, and total calcium to magnesium ratios. AB - Plasma total calcium to magnesium ratios were observed as an index of muscular activity during pipping and hatching of chick and poult embryos. No significant changes were observed in plasma calcium (Ca) or magnesium (Mg) concentrations, but the total Ca to Mg ratio increased significantly just prior to pipping. Lighting the incubator during the last 5 days of incubation in significantly increased plasma Ca and Ca:Mg ratios. Lighting also resulted in significantly better hatchability and less late embryonic mortality. An increased plasma Ca:Mg ratio may be a physiological mechanism to provide increased muscular activity for the embryo in breaking the shell and emerging from it. PMID- 7134149 TI - Where there's hope there's life. PMID- 7134148 TI - The effects of red and white light during the prebreeder and breeder periods on egg production and feed consumption in Large White turkey. AB - Large White turkey hens were conditioned with 5 lx of white or red incandescent light from 20 to 32 weeks of age. Hens from both of these groups were given white or red incandescent light at two intensities (approximately 85 and 160 lx) during a 20-week breeder period. Feed consumption was greatest for hens no white light during the prebreeder period (P less than or equal to .01), but hens on red light consumed the greatest amount of feed during the breeder period. The only consistent finding concerning egg production was the hens exposed to high intensity (160 lx) white light, regardless of whether the prebreeder light was white or red, had the poorest egg production (P less than or equal to .01). It is concluded that red light during the prebreeder or breeder periods is not beneficial for egg production over that achieved with low intensity white incandescent light, and that bright white incandescent light is deleterious to egg production. PMID- 7134150 TI - The breast and its disorders. PMID- 7134151 TI - Mastalgia. PMID- 7134152 TI - The diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer. PMID- 7134153 TI - Breast abscesses and breast cysts. PMID- 7134154 TI - Gynaecomastia. PMID- 7134155 TI - Mastectomy and reconstruction. PMID- 7134156 TI - A mastectomy advisory service. PMID- 7134157 TI - Psychological aspects of breast cancer and its treatment. PMID- 7134158 TI - Septicaemia in the elderly. PMID- 7134159 TI - Adverse interaction of levodopa with tricyclic antidepressants. PMID- 7134160 TI - [Clinical relevancy of cellular immunity in bronchogenic carcinoma]. PMID- 7134161 TI - [Follow-up and psychological guidance of bronchogenic carcinoma patients]. PMID- 7134162 TI - [Development and trial of a screening method for 8-year-old psychiatrically disturbed children]. PMID- 7134163 TI - [Diagnosis of perceptual disorders with the Colored Progressive Matrices]. PMID- 7134164 TI - [Use of story development for the resolution of a pathogenic double bind: case report and treatment of a wind phobia]. PMID- 7134165 TI - [A comparative study of suicide attempts of German and Japanese adolescents]. PMID- 7134166 TI - [Child rearing counseling--family--autonomy]. PMID- 7134168 TI - [Humanizing hospitals]. PMID- 7134167 TI - [What is your diagnosis?]. PMID- 7134169 TI - [Heterotropic gastric mucosa in the duodenum]. PMID- 7134170 TI - [Non-malignant biliary diseases and the duodenum]. PMID- 7134171 TI - [The role of digitalis in the management of congestive heart failure]. PMID- 7134173 TI - [Wirsungorrhagia]. PMID- 7134172 TI - [Hemobilia]. PMID- 7134174 TI - [Foreign bodies in the duodenum]. PMID- 7134175 TI - [Duodenoscopic diagnosis and therapy of biliary ascaridiasis]. PMID- 7134176 TI - [Duodenal and jejunogastric intussusception: a rare complication after partial gastrectomy]. PMID- 7134177 TI - [Double pylorus and pyloric septum as sequelae of ulcer disease]. PMID- 7134178 TI - [Medical care of the aged]. PMID- 7134179 TI - [Expectation of elderly patients of their physician]. PMID- 7134180 TI - [Psychotropic drugs for old and very old patients]. PMID- 7134181 TI - [Can preventive medicine prepare for a healthy old age?]. PMID- 7134182 TI - [Smoking and means of dissuasion]. PMID- 7134183 TI - [Problems of medical acute help in developing countries]. PMID- 7134184 TI - [Early and late complications after surgical hemorrhoid therapy]. PMID- 7134185 TI - [The value of pancreatic function tests in detecting exocrine pancreatic insufficiency]. PMID- 7134186 TI - An evaluation of collagen gel in chronic leg ulcers. PMID- 7134187 TI - [Recent progress in diagnosis and treatment of the echinoccosis of the liver]. PMID- 7134188 TI - [Psychiatry in India]. PMID- 7134189 TI - [Case report. Esophageal ulcer]. PMID- 7134190 TI - [Treatment principles of acute ischemic cerebrovascular diseases]. PMID- 7134192 TI - [Amyotrophic laternal sclerosis. Epidemiologic study]. PMID- 7134191 TI - [Cerebrovascular accidents caused by neurosyphilis]. PMID- 7134193 TI - [Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Clinical and prognostic study]. PMID- 7134194 TI - The effects of cigarette smoking on the human placenta: a light and electron microscopic study. AB - A histological and electronoptical study of placentae from women who smoke cigarettes during pregnancy shows a tendency towards a paucity of vasculosyncytial membranes, villous cytotrophoblastic cell proliferation, focal syncytial necrosis, decreased syncytial pinocytotic and secretory activity, dilatation of syncytial rough endoplasmic reticulum, abnormalities of syncytial microvilli, focal infolding of the free plasma membrane of the syncytiotrophoblast, degeneration of isolated cytotrophoblastic cells, irregular thickening of the trophoblastic basement membrane and degeneration of villous capillary endothelial cells. It is thought that many of these changes are due to placental ischaemia consequent upon nicotine-induced constriction of the uterine vessels; some of the changes cannot be explained on this basis and it is suggested that these may possibly be due either to cadmium toxicity or to accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. There is apparently some impairment of placental function in cigarette smokers but this is probably offset by the ability of the placenta to repair ischaemic damage and to undergo a compensatory hyperplasia. PMID- 7134195 TI - A three-dimensional study of the normal human placental villous core: II. Stromal architecture. AB - The three-dimensional architecture of the villous core of the chorionic villi has been studied in the human placenta throughout pregnancy by scanning electron microscopy, and compared with light microscopic and transmission electron microscopic, findings. Five different types of villi are recognizable: the mesenchymal villi are characterized by a network of tiny bundles of collagen fibrils, enmeshing mesenchymal cells, Hofbauer cells and vessels. The immature intermediate villi display a system of intercommunicating channels, parallel to the major axis of the villi. Within the channels, Hofbauer cells are present. The mature intermediate villi show narrow and short stromal channels, surrounded by a rather tight network of collagen fibrils. Large vessels and a highly compact network of collagen are typical of the stem villi. The terminal villi contain sinusoidally dilated capillaries and a small amount of connective tissue. These findings have numerous functional implications. They are particularly related both to the presence of the stromal channels which could facilitate the macrophagic and immunological task of the Hofbauer cells, and to the different types of villi, playing different roles in placental and fetal life, under normal and pathological conditions. PMID- 7134196 TI - The role of the placenta in the supply of essential fatty acids to the fetal sheep: studies of lipid compositions at term. AB - A study has been made of the comparative distribution and fatty acid compositions of the major lipid fractions of maternal plasma, placenta and fetal plasma of the sheep at approximately 120 days of gestation. Cholesteryl esters and phospholipids constituted the major lipid fractions present in both maternal and fetal plasmas. In the placenta, phospholipids accounted for some 60 per cent of the total lipid present. Within the phospholipids of the maternal and fetal plasmas and placenta, phosphatidylcholine comprised the largest component. Whereas maternal plasma contained high levels of linoleic and arachidonic acids, fetal plasma contained a low proportion only a linoleic acid and high proportions of delta 5,8,11 eicosatrienoic acid and arachidonic acid. In the maternal plasma the arachidonic acid:linoleic acid ratio was only 0.17, but in the fetal plasma the ratio was 3.32. The differences in the lipid and fatty acid compositions between the maternal plasma, fetal plasma and placenta are discussed in relationship to the distinctive polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism of the fetal and newborn lamb. PMID- 7134197 TI - The protein composition of the fibrinoid material at the human uteroplacental interface. PMID- 7134198 TI - Chronic villitis of unknown aetiology in placentae of idiopathic small for gestational age infants. AB - Placentae from 63 term pregnancies were studied. Of these, 19 were from normal pregnancies in which the neonates were within the normal weight range for their gestational age. The remaining 44 placentae were from pregnancies in which the infants were small for their gestational age (SGA). A chronic villitis was found in 68 per cent of all placentae. In the control group this lesion was present in 26 per cent but a mean of only 1.2 per cent of villi in these cases was inflamed. In the SGA group 86 per cent of placentae showed a chronic villitis and in these an average of 10 per cent of the villi were inflamed. Lymphocytic infiltrates in basal plate anchoring villi were observed in 48 of the 63 placentae and there were no differences among the various groups. Vascular lesions were found, similar to those described in placental bed arteries in preeclampsia and more recently in biopsies of the placental bed of SGA infants and in the decidua of mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus: this type of vasculopathy has also been described in rejection of renal transplants. It is suggested that the cellular infiltrate around and inside anchoring villi and free villi in cases of chronic villitis may represent the histological hallmark of an immunological reaction between mother and fetus rather than a response to infection. PMID- 7134199 TI - Steroid concentrations in placenta and fetal membranes at elective caesarean section and after spontaneous labour. PMID- 7134200 TI - [Changes in the amino acid spectrum of blood in burns and their importance in developing corrective amino acid preparations]. PMID- 7134201 TI - [Nature of the residual changes after the sanatorium and health resort treatment of adolescents with pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7134202 TI - [Clinico-roentgenologic characteristics of less pronounced forms of intrathoracic lymph node tuberculosis in children]. PMID- 7134203 TI - [Characteristics of intrathoracic tuberculosis in children]. PMID- 7134204 TI - [Differential diagnosis of tuberculosis and nonspecific lung pathology in adolescents and prepubescent children]. PMID- 7134205 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of respiratory organ sarcoidosis in children]. PMID- 7134206 TI - [Diagnostic importance of kidney function studies in children and adolescents with pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7134207 TI - [Thyroid function of children in tuberculosis and tuberculosis infection]. PMID- 7134208 TI - [Characteristics of the course of newly diagnosed tuberculosis in adolescents]. PMID- 7134209 TI - [Late results of the chemotherapy of pulmonary tuberculosis in adolescents]. PMID- 7134210 TI - [Clinical characteristics and treatment of the complications of antituberculosis inoculations in children and adolescents]. PMID- 7134211 TI - [Bacteriological diagnosis of renal tuberculosis complicated by a nonspecific infection]. PMID- 7134212 TI - [Effectiveness of conservative and surgical treatments in newly detected pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7134213 TI - [Hepatotoxic action of rifampicin and isonicotinic acid hydrazide]. PMID- 7134214 TI - Disposition of intravenously administered pethidine in man. PMID- 7134215 TI - The effect of pigment type and concentration on the incidence of edge splitting on film-coated tablets. PMID- 7134216 TI - Some aspects of the photochemical degradation of chloramphenicol. PMID- 7134217 TI - Solid dispersion of chlorthalidone in urea phase diagram and dissolution characteristics. PMID- 7134218 TI - Drug loading studies on ultrafine solid carriers by sorption procedures. PMID- 7134219 TI - [Optimization of pharmaceutical formulations by the simplex method using a TI 59 calculator]. PMID- 7134220 TI - [Delayed-action matrices based on polymers whose solubility varies with pH]. PMID- 7134222 TI - [Tanning and tanning materials]. PMID- 7134221 TI - An investigation of the effect of an antacid mucosal protective on gastric mucus. PMID- 7134223 TI - [Specific drugs in dermatologic therapy]. PMID- 7134224 TI - [Black radish as a source of various phytopharmaceuticals]. PMID- 7134225 TI - Oral glucosamine sulphate in the management of arthrosis: report on a multi centre open investigation in Portugal. AB - An open study was carried out by 252 doctors throughout Portugal to assess the effectiveness and tolerability of oral glucosamine sulphate in the treatment of arthrosis. Patients received 1.5 g daily in 3 divided doses over a mean period of 50 +/- 14 days. The results from 1208 patients were analyzed and showed that the symptoms of pain at rest, on standing and on exercise and limited active and passive movements improved steadily through the treatment period. The improvement obtained lasted for a period of 6 to 12 weeks after the end of treatment. Objective therapeutic efficacy was rated by the doctors as 'good' in 59% of patients, and 'sufficient' in a further 36%. These results were significantly better than those obtained with previous treatments (except for injectable glucosamine) in the same patients. Sex, age, localization of arthrosis, concomitant illnesses or concomitant treatments did not influence the frequency of responders to treatment. Oral glucosamine was fully tolerated by 86% of patients, a significantly larger proportion than that reported with other previous treatments and approached only by injectable glucosamine. The onset of possible side-effects was significantly related to pre-existing gastro-intestinal disorders and related treatments, and to concomitant diuretic treatment. PMID- 7134226 TI - Inhibition of spontaneous platelet aggregation and adhesion by indobufen (K 3920). A randomized, double-blind crossover study on platelet, coagulation and fibrinolysis function tests. AB - In a randomized double-blind crossover study in 12 patients with atherosclerotic disease, the effect of 2 dosages (100 and 200 mg twice daily) of indobufen, a new synthetic inhibition of platelet aggregation, on some platelet functions, coagulation and fibrinolysis tests was investigated. Regardless of the dosage used, indobufen was shown to induce a prompt normalization of the enhanced platelet aggregation of these patients. The effect lasted for the entire period of drug administration and in 50% of patients a normal platelet aggregation was maintained until the fourth day after discontinuation of the drug. Indobufen was also able to reduce platelet adhesiveness and to lengthen bleeding time, especially when the higher dosage was used. PMID- 7134227 TI - Comparison of the antigenicity and tolerance of an influenza aluminium oxide adsorbate vaccine with an aqueous vaccine. AB - A randomized trial was carried out in 189 adult subjects to test the antigenicity and tolerance of two experimental influenza vaccines, one adsorbed onto aluminium oxide and the other one aqueous, with equal antigen contents. Blood samples for antibody assays, using the haemagglutination inhibition test and the neuraminidase inhibition test, were taken before and 30, 90 and 180 days after vaccination. The results showed that the adsorbate influenza vaccine had a superior immunogenic action to the aqueous vaccine at the same dose rate. There were no significant differences between the tolerances of the two vaccines, which were injected with a needle. About 81% of the vaccinated subjects showed no subjective or objective signs of intolerance. Systemic reactions, which were reported by 9% of the vaccinated subjects, were verified by the doctor in only 2% of cases. PMID- 7134228 TI - Antibody formation after vaccination with adsorbed and non-adsorbed A/New Jersey/8/76 influenza vaccines. AB - A study was carried out to determine the titres of haemagglutination inhibiting and neuraminidase antibodies after vaccination of 90 subjects, aged 19 to 35 years, with three aluminium oxide adsorbate and three fluid monovalent influenza A/New Jersey/8/76 vaccines with 54, 108 and 216 IU/dose. Blood samples were taken 1, 3 and 6 months after vaccination. The serological findings showed that adsorbate vaccines induced higher antibody titres than did fluid vaccines with double the antigen content. 'Unprimed persons' reacted to the adsorbate vaccine vaccination with a much higher antibody formation response. PMID- 7134229 TI - The use of flupenthixol ('Fluanxol') in the management of behavioural disorders in disturbed and psychotic children. AB - Twenty-four children treated wih flupenthixol for behavioural disorders were studied in the out-patient clinic. The drug was given in small doses (0.4 to 2.0 mg per day) for periods ranging from 6 months to 2 years as an alternative to psychotherapy in cases where the latter was not possible. All patients were diagnosed clinically and psychologically as suffering from progressive symptoms of aggression or psychosis. Both the clinical and the psychological assessments showed improvement, particularly in insomnia and aggression. There was also improvement in social contact and concentration leading to improvement in performance at school. Although the health of the children remained very delicate, the results achieved with flupenthixol appeared to be stable even after treatment was stopped. PMID- 7134230 TI - A new subcutaneously-implantable reservoir for sustained release of nicotine in the rat. AB - A subcutaneously-implantable reservoir for the sustained release of nicotine is described. The device, dubbed INR for Implantable Nicotine Reservoir, is a small glass cup sealed with Silastic polymer. It releases 3.4 mg of nicotine per 24 hours. When implanted into moderately-sized female Sprague-Dawley rats it produces blood nicotine levels of 400-500 ng/ml which remain relatively stable over at least 18 days. INRs are nontoxic, reproducible, inexpensive, and adaptable for pharmacological and toxicological studies in rats and other small animals. PMID- 7134231 TI - Effects of cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor, on mouse brain catecholamine biochemistry. AB - Cycloheximide (CXM), a protein synthesis inhibitor, has been shown to result in a marked inhibition of central catecholamine (CA) synthetic mechanisms at doses that cause amnesia in animals. Unlike other inhibitors of CA synthesis no significant depletion of whole brain NE or DA concentrations was observed 0.75, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 17, or 24 hours after administration of CXM (120 mg/kg) to C57BL/6J mice. In order to investigate the underlying basis of maintenance of CA levels in face of CA synthesis inhibition, the effects of CXM on in vitro release of 3H-NE was studied in mouse hypothalamic slices. CXM, in a dose related manner, significantly inhibited the potassium stimulated release of NE from hypothalamic slices. Anisomycin, another protein synthesis inhibitor, similarly inhibited NE release. These studies further document the effects of protein synthesis inhibitors on CA mechanisms and suggest that disruption of CA biochemistry may play a role in the amnesia observed after administration of protein synthesis inhibitors. PMID- 7134232 TI - Time course of certain behavioral changes after hippocampal damage and their alteration by dopaminergic intervention into nucleus accumbens. AB - Independent groups of rats with hippocampal, neocortical, or sham lesions were observed 7, 14, or 28 days after surgery in an open field-hole board apparatus and in a smaller circular apparatus. In the circular apparatus, animals were observed after unilateral injection of the dopamine agonist, 3,4 dihydroxyphenylamino-2-imidazoline (DPI) or saline into nucleus accumbens. Behavioral changes in locomotion, exploration and grooming measured in the open field were consistent with those found previously after hippocampal damage, with each behavioral anomaly demonstrating a specific pattern of change after surgery. In general, the injection of DPI into nucleus accumbens produced greater behavioral change in animals with hippocampal damage than in animals with either neocortical or sham lesions. The drug-induced changes in the hippocampally lesioned rats made their behavior more like that of control animals. These results suggest that destruction of the hippocampus may induce alterations in dopaminergic mechanisms in nucleus accumbens which can be modified by appropriate pharmacologic intervention. PMID- 7134233 TI - Mechanisms of dopamine induced changes in hippocampal glycoprotein metabolism. AB - In rat hippocampal slices incubated in the presence of dopamine, a relatively strong correlation was observed between changes in the incorporation of 3H-fucose into total proteins and the formation of GDP-3H-fucose. However, in hippocampal homogenate the incorporation of 14C-fucose from GDP-14C-fucose was not stimulated by dopamine. In contrast, the incorporation of 3H-fucose was stimulated by dopamine to a similar extent observed in hippocampal slices. Furthermore, in hippocampal slices dopamine did not increase the activity of fucosyltransferase. These results, together with our previous findings, suggest that the increased incorporation of fucose induced by dopamine in the hippocampal slices may be due to a receptor-mediated cAMP-dependent regulation, which controls the rate of fucosylation of acceptor-glycoproteins either at the level of fucose phosphorylation or of formation of GDP-fucose rather than the activity of fucosyltransferase. PMID- 7134234 TI - Acute tolerance to the discriminative stimulus properties of morphine. AB - Two pigeons were trained to discriminate intramuscular injections of 1.0 mg/kg morphine from water by presenting food after keypeck responses on one key when morphine was administered and after responses on a second key when water was administered. Following training, close to 100% of responses occurred on the appropriate key following administration of 1.0 mg/kg morphine or water. Morphine (0.1-5.6 mg/kg) produced dose-dependent increases in the percentage of morphine appropriate responses (discriminative stimulus properties) and decreases in the rate of responding. A shift to the right of the morphine dose-effect curve for the discriminative stimulus properties of morphine resulted from a single injection of morphine (10.0 mg/kg) 24 hrs prior to testing (i.e., acute tolerance) but not from a single injection of pentobarbital (17.0 mg/kg). Tolerance to the discriminative stimulus properties of morphine was reversible within five days of the single injection. Tolerance did not develop to the effects of morphine on response rate. Naloxone antagonized both the discriminative stimulus properties and the response rate-decreasing effects of morphine. Thus, a single administration of morphine can alter morphine discriminability without affecting other aspects of behavior. PMID- 7134235 TI - Prior hot plate exposure enhances morphine analgesia in tolerant and drug-naive rats. AB - The associative model of morphine tolerance predicts that established tolerance should be attenuated, i.e., extinguished, by placebo injections in the former morphine injection environment. The present study examined the effect of placebo sessions, with and without accompanying nociceptive stimulation, on the extinction of analgesic tolerance. In Experiment 1, rats rendered tolerant to morphine displayed recovery of morphine's analgesic action only following placebo sessions including exposure to a painful hot plate surface (52.5 degrees C); placebo sessions on a cool plate (23-24 degrees C) failed to attenuate tolerance even though these placebo sessions more closely matched the stimulus conditions of tolerance acquisition. In Experiment 2, repeated hot plate exposures were similarly found to enhance morphine analgesia in drug-naive rats. These results question an extinction account of the effect of hot plate placebo sessions observed in Experiment 1. Instead, they suggest that nociceptive hot plate exposures, per se, are sufficient to enhance subsequent morphine analgesia. PMID- 7134236 TI - Effects of pentobarbital in mice selected for differential sensitivity to ethanol. AB - Two lines of mice have been genetically selected for differential sensitivity to ethanol. These lines have been designated long sleep (LS) and short sleep (SS) on the basis of their hypnotic response to the ethanol selection dose. Earlier studies of these mice suggested that this difference was limited to alcohols and did not extend to other classes of hypnotics. The present study examined hypnotic and hypothermic responses produced by pentobarbital in recent generations of these mice. Dose-dependent differences in sleep time and in hypothermia were found, with SS mice affected to a greater degree than LS mice. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that the half-life of pentobarbital disappearence from SS blood was twice that reported for SS mice of the 18th generation. The half-life in the LS line had not changed. The volumes of distribution and waking brain concentrations were identical in LS and SS mice. An altered rate of elimination (not differential CNS sensitivity) appeared to be the major factor responsible for the differences observed between these lines. PMID- 7134237 TI - Amphetamine anorexia and hypothalamic catecholamines in genetically obese mice (obob). AB - Genetically obese mice (obob) and their lean littermates were acclimated to a restricted food-access schedule of six hours and then treated with various doses of amphetamine (0, 3, 5 or 10 mg/kg). Saline-treated obob mice maintained on this schedule retained the primary characteristics of obob mice fed ad lib, i.e., hyperphagia, hyperglycemia, elevated hypothalamic norepinephrine (NE) levels. Both lean and obese mice treated with amphetamine showed a dose-dependent decrease in food intake and hypothalamic NE levels. In obob mice amphetamine treatment reduced food intake and hypothalamic NE levels to values which were not significantly different from those of similarly treated lean mice. When the drug dose was administered on a body weight basis, however, brain amphetamine levels were twice as high in obob as in lean mice. When the amphetamine dose was adjusted to produce approximately equivalent brain levels of amphetamine in obob and lean mice, the obob mice ate significantly more than lean mice. The results indicate that amphetamine is an effective anorectic agent capable of reducing food intake, body weight, and hypothalamic NE levels in obob mice. PMID- 7134238 TI - Locomotor hypokinesia in the reserpine-treated rat: drug effects from the corpus striatum and nucleus accumbens. AB - A mechanographic method was used to assess the locomotor performance induced by apomorphine or other dopaminergic drugs in reserpine-treated rats. Reserpine was found to induce locomotor hypokinesia. The hypokinesia was dose-dependently reversed by apomorphine (APO), bromocriptine and pergolide. Locomotion was induced by microinjection of APO into the nucleus accumbens. No locomotor effect was found after injection into corpus striatum. Injection into both nuclei was not superior to accumbens only. Intra-striatal or intraaccumbens injections of trifluoperazine blocked the effect on locomotion by systematic apomorphine. The results confirmed that reserpine-induced locomotor hypokinesia is reversed by dopaminergic stimulation in the nucleus accumbens. There were indications that blockade of striatal or accumbens' dopamine receptors counteracts apomorphine induced locomotion presumably by interaction with postural motor control. Evidence was found for separate dopaminergic control of locomotion and muscletone. This may be of importance for the development of new antiparkinson drugs. PMID- 7134239 TI - Discriminative stimulus properties of ketamine stereoisomers in phencyclidine trained rats. AB - Rats were trained to discriminate phencyclidine (PCP) from saline in a two-lever drug discrimination task on a fixed-ratio 32 schedule of food presentation. The subjects were given IP injections of 3.0 mg/kg PCP or saline daily on a double alternation schedule. After reliable discriminative control of lever choice was established, dose-response determinations for generalization to the training dose of PCP were made with several doses of PCP, a racemic mixture of ketamine and the pure levo (-) and dextro (+) salts of ketamine. All three forms of ketamine produced dose-dependent PCP-appropriate responding. ED50 values were determined for each drug for percent drug-lever appropriate responding and for suppression of operant responding during test sessions. There was a greater difference between doses which produced drug-lever appropriate responding and doses which suppressed response rates for PCP than for any of the forms of ketamine. (+/-)- and (+)-ketamine were about 2 times more potent than (-)-ketamine for producing drug-lever appropriate responding but were roughly equipotent for response rate suppression. Thus there is no qualitative and little quantitative stereospecificity for the PCP-like discriminative stimulus effects of ketamine in rats. PMID- 7134240 TI - Reproductive state modulates ethanol intake in rats: effects of ovariectomy, ethanol concentration, estrous cycle and pregnancy. AB - Intact adult female rats had a greater preference for a 4% (v/v) ethanol solution than ovariectomized (OVX) rats in a two-tube preference situation. This preference difference was not particular to the 4% concentration, but was exhibited for solutions ranging from 1-9% ethanol. OVX animals reached peak preference at weaker ethanol concentrations than did control animals, while the volume of absolute ethanol consumed by each group was high dependent on the concentration of ethanol offered. OVX, but not intact, rats showed a strong positive correlation between alcohol preference and preference for a saccharine solution. Pregnant and lactating rats exhibited depressed preference for 4% ethanol. Preference returned to control levels following weaning. Ethanol intake and preference varied systematically over the four-day estrous cycle, being lowest on the day of proestrus. PMID- 7134241 TI - Ethanol reinforced responding in the rat: a concurrent analysis using sucrose as the alternate choice. AB - Rats were trained on a two lever concurrent schedule of reinforcement (Fixed Ratio 8 Fixed Ratio 8) with ethanol (5% v/v) and water as the two available fluids. After establishing baseline responding patterns, various concentrations of sucrose (0.05% to 5.0% w/v) were substituted for the water in an ascending series. When water was the alternative fluid, ethanol responding predominated. With increasing sucrose concentration, percent ethanol responding decreased. At sucrose concentrations between 1.00% and 1.25% approximately half of the total responses per session were for each substance. This change in relative responding for the two fluids occurred as a result of increased total responding and not as a result of decreased ethanol responses. When ethanol was paired with either a 3% or 5% sucrose concentration, ethanol responding decreased, with increased sucrose responding. However, when the number of responses required to obtain these sucrose solutions was greatly increased (Fixed Ratio 64), ethanol responding increased to levels of up to twice that of the water ethanol condition. This increased ethanol responding was found to remain in the following ethanol water session after the sucrose schedule manipulation. PMID- 7134242 TI - Rapid acquisition of oral phencyclidine self-administration in food-deprived and food-satiated rhesus monkeys: concurrent phencyclidine and water choice. AB - Eight rhesus monkeys were trained to self-administer orally-delivered phencyclidine, with water concurrently available, under a fixed ratio (FR) schedule during daily 3-hr sessions. Liquid deliveries (0.55 ml) were contingent upon lip-contact responses on solenoid-operated drinking spouts. During the sessions, phencyclidine and water were available under FRs ranging from 1 to 16. Water was always available between sessions (FR 1), and food initially was available 24 hr/day. In Experiment 1 the monkeys initially were given access to water (FR 1) during the 3-hr sessions. Subsequently, phencyclidine (0.25 mg/ml) was substituted for water, and the monkeys were reduced to 85 percent of their free-feeding weights. The FR value was then increased from 1 to 8. Next, the monkeys received concurrent access to water from one spout and phencyclidine from the other (each under the FR 8 schedule), then the FR value was increased to 16 for both drug and water. Orally-delivered phencyclidine was rapidly demonstrated to function as a reinforcer (37.2 sessions) without using food to induce drinking. In Experiment 2 a similar procedure was used for another group of monkeys, except the monkeys remained food satiated throughout the acquisition phase. Phencyclidine was rapidly demonstrated to function as a reinforcer (25.9 sessions), although intakes were lower than in Experiment 1. After concurrent phencyclidine- and water-maintained performance stabilized at FR 16, the monkeys were food deprived, and phencyclidine intake increased to the levels reported in Experiment 1. Food deprivation greatly enhanced the reinforcing effect of phencyclidine and changed the temporal pattern of responding, but neither food deprivation nor food-induced drinking were necessary conditions to demonstrate the drug's reinforcing effects. PMID- 7134243 TI - Effects of naloxone and diprenorphine on spontaneous activity in rats and mice. AB - The narcotic antagonist naloxone has been reported to decrease locomotor activity in the rat, presumably blocking endogenous opiate systems. Naloxone has a greater affinity for receptors which preferentially bind morphine and other opiate alkaloids as compared to receptors that bind endogenous opioid peptides. Diprenorphine, another pure opiate antagonist, binds with equal affinity to both receptor subtypes. Therefore, the effects of the narcotic antagonists naloxone and diprenorphine on spontaneous activity were compared in rats and mice, tested individually and in pairs. Only naloxone (10 mg/kg) affected spontaneous activity in rats tested individually, decreasing both gross and fine activity. In rats tested in pairs, naloxone (1.0 and 10 mg/kg) decreased both fine and gross activity, while diprenorphine (10 mg/kg) produced significant decreases only in fine activity. In mice tested individually, naloxone produced modest (nonsignificant) decreases in activity while diprenorphine (10 mg/kg) significantly enhanced activity. Neither opiate antagonist produced consistent effects on activity in paired mice. These results illustrate the species and situation dependence of the effects of opiate antagonists and point out the need for testing more than one narcotic antagonist in research designed to provide inferential information concerning possible physiological functions of endogenous opioid peptides. PMID- 7134244 TI - Phencyclidine in combination with pentobarbital: supra-additive effects on complex operant behavior in pigeons. AB - Pigeons acquired a different four-response chain each session by responding sequentially on three keys in the presence of four colors. The response chain was maintained by food presentation under a fixed-ratio schedule. Errors produced a brief timeout but did not reset the chain. When phencyclidine was administered alone, the overall response rate decreased and the percent errors increased with increasing doses. Similar effects were found with a high dose of pentobarbital alone. When phencyclidine was administered in combination with pentobarbital, the phencyclidine dose-effect curves for rate and accuracy shifted to the left as the dose of pentobarbital was increased. Combinations of phencyclidine with a high dose of pentobarbital produced supra-additive effects; i.e., the effects on rate and accuracy were greater than expected from simple addition of the effects of each drug given alone. These results extend the generality of previous findings in patas monkeys in a similar repeated-acquisition task. PMID- 7134245 TI - The inhibitory effect of diazepam on conditioned defensive burying is reversed by picrotoxin. AB - The ability of picrotoxin to reverse the effect of diazepam was studied using the conditioned defensive burying paradigm. Although picrotoxin alone had no detectable effect on the conditioned defensive burying response of rats, picrotoxin was able to reverse the usual inhibitory effect of diazepam on defensive burying. These results suggest that the anxiolytic effect of diazepam may depend upon the integrity of GABAergic neural systems. PMID- 7134246 TI - Schooling behavior of tadpoles: a potential indicator of ototoxicity. AB - Fish and tadpoles in schools use hair cells of their lateral line system to assess their position in relation to neighbors. This suggests that pharmaceutical agents that damage hair cells in the mammalian inner ear may also alter geometry in fish and tadpole schools. We used a computer-based image analysis system to examine the effect of the ototoxic aminoglycoside antibiotic, streptomycin, on school geometry for tadpoles of the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis. Tadpoles exposed to streptomycin in the surrounding water show a general tendency toward clumping, and an increase in the distance over which they orient parallel to neighbors, compared to controls. These behavioral responses appear in 18 min or less, and are evident in some tadpoles exposed to concentrations as low as 5 micrograms/ml. Results suggest that analysis of spatial relations in tadpole schools could serve as a method for rapidly detecting ototoxic potential of agents suspected of damaging hair cells. PMID- 7134247 TI - Effects of compactin (ML-236 B) on biliary lipid composition and cholesterol catabolism in the hamster. PMID- 7134248 TI - Presence of a circulating depressor substance by rat cross perfusion after chronic CCl(4) treatment. PMID- 7134249 TI - Effects of sorbinicate and nicotinic acid on blood viscosity, red cell deformation and platelet function. PMID- 7134250 TI - Fluorescein spectrophotofluorometry: a sensitive quantitative method for evaluating the blood brain barrier. PMID- 7134251 TI - Inhibition of food intake in the rat by antidepressants. PMID- 7134252 TI - Suppression of gastric acid secretory and ulcerogenic effects of cysteamine in chronic antrectomized rat. PMID- 7134253 TI - [Synthesis and testing of potential anti-parkinson agents. 3: Biologically active silicon compounds]. PMID- 7134254 TI - [In the vivo release of drugs from hydrogels]. AB - The in vivo release of chlorpromazine and dioxopromethazine from equiviscous methyl cellulose and polyvinylpyrrolidone hydrogels has been determined in 8 volunteers and brought in relation to results obtained from in vitro studies. For all the individual variations observed, the availability of the drugs was, as a rule, greater from the hydrogels based on the loosely-binding methyl cellulose (e.g., more than doubled) than from the hydrogels based on polyvinylpyrrolidone. Whereas the in vivo and in vitro liberation rates of chlorpromazine (which has a relatively great association power) were of comparable magnitude, the in vivo release of dioxopromethazine was considerably lower as was to be expected considering the results from in vitro studies. Obviously, physico-chemical factors (in the present case, the coefficient of distribution) super-impose the effect of the binding on the bioavailability. Already 10 min after application of the hydrogels, the liberation rate amounted up to 73%. PMID- 7134255 TI - The prolonged release of oxytetracycline hydrochloride from ethylcellulose microcapsules. AB - Oxytetracycline hydrochloride microcapsules were prepared by separation of ethylcellulose from cyclohexane solution following cooling. Incomplete release was found when testing the dissolution rate in water. Interaction of the polymer with oxytetracycline was elucidated by IR spectroscopy. More release of the drug in water agreed with the diffusional model, but in acid it was more complex. PMID- 7134256 TI - [Elimination kinetics following repeated administrations of chemotherapeutic agents]. AB - Repeated administrations of the chemotherapeutic agents nalidixic acid, retacillin, oxacillin, ampicillin and gentamicin acts on the transport of organic acids by the kidney. With the exception of nalidixic acid, all the chemotherapeutic agents under study produced a significant dose-dependent increase in the renal clearance of p-aminohippuric acid (PAH) in adult rats aged 55 days. Due to nephrotoxic effects, the renal clearance of PAH is decreased by very high doses of nalidixic acid and gentamicin. In contrast to this, the changes in PAH clearance were less marked in 10-day-old rats in which the ability of the kidney to transport organic acids is low. On repeated administrations of chemotherapeutic agents, one has on principle to consider the production of a diminishing effect due to increased renal clearance. PMID- 7134257 TI - Structure-olfactory activity relationship in a group of substituted phenols. AB - Using phenol as the standard relative olfactory thresholds have been determined for a series of substituted phenols in experiments with 8--10 human subjects. Significant relations have been obtained describing the activity as a square function of the hydrophobicity parameter corrected for ionization. Chromatographic measurement of phenol polarity has been proposed based on retention indices determined on phases of different polarity. The human sense of smell system has been discussed as a model for studies on drug-receptor interactions involving the living organism as a whole. PMID- 7134258 TI - [Use of paraformaldehyde tablets for bacterial count reduction, disinfection, cold sterilization, and sterile preservation of medical instruments. 3: On the use of paraformaldehyde tablets in medical institutions]. AB - Paraformaldehyde tablets are very effective against a wide spectrum of organisms. They may be recommended for targeted degerming measures in medical practice. Their utilization requires the observance of the conditions necessary for their efficient use. The tablets should be employed only in containers which are as tight-fitting as possible (preferentially instrument cabinets, Heynemann cabinets, catheter boxes and plastic bags). Paraformaldehyde tablets are well suited for the reduction of the bacterial population and the storage of nonwrapped sterilized instruments. For this purpose, 1 tablet/dm3 is needed. The exposure time required for bacterial count reduction is no less than 3 h. Despite certain limitations, paraformaldehyde tablets may be used for disinfecting. The objects to be disinfected should be neither too contaminated nor too soiled. The minimum period of exposure is 5 h, and 10 tablets/dm3 are necessary. Cold sterilization requires 10 tablets/dm3, too; but the exposure time ranges from 15 to 24 h. This method (which must be considered an expedient) should be employed only if the respective device or instrument cannot be sterilized by other sterilizing techniques. In any case, 80% relative air humidity is a must in the devices in which paraformaldehyde tablets are used. PMID- 7134259 TI - [More cyclic sulfone metabolites of phenothiazine drugs]. PMID- 7134260 TI - [Development of parenterally-administered diffusion cells with delayed drug release. 1. Initial use with water soluble, stable drugs, the example being a phentolamine diffusion cell]. PMID- 7134261 TI - [X-ray diffraction studies for characterizing the delayed hardening process of suppositories]. PMID- 7134262 TI - Effect of in vivo increase of free fatty acids on human plasma protein binding of furosemide. AB - The in vivo effects of increased free fatty acid (FFA) plasma levels on the protein binding of furosemide were investigated in 30 adult-onset diabetics and 22 patients suffering from bacterial infections (gram- negative bacilli and gram positive cocci). In diabetics, FFA were 2.43 +/- 1.63 mEq/l, and in subjects with bacterial infections 1.82 +/- 0.92 mEq/l. Furthermore, the percent of oleic acid and, to a very lesser extent, palmitoleic acid increased linearly with the increase of the FFA plasma level. The free furosemide fraction was about 1% or less in subjects with a molar ratio of FFA to albumin below 4, but a displacement of the drug from the plasma proteins occurred consistently when this ratio was above 4. At a molar ratio of FFA to albumin as high as 9.34, the free furosemide was 6.7% of the total concentration (8.9 microgram/ml). These results do not quantitatively agree with previous in vitro studies employing single fatty acids and human serum albumin, suggesting that in vivo plasma composition is not adequately reproduced during in vitro experiments on protein-binding displacement of drugs by FFA. PMID- 7134264 TI - A compartmental model for investigating the influence of physiological factors on the rate of washout of 133Xe and 37Ar from the body. PMID- 7134263 TI - Effects of carbocromene on ventricular fibrillation during acute myocardial ischemia in anesthetized dogs. AB - The effects of carbocromene, 4 mg/kg intravenously, prior to coronary artery occlusion plus 40 microgram/kg/min during coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion on ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) were studied in pentobarbital-anesthetized open-chest dogs and compared to controls receiving saline. Coronary artery occlusion decreased VFT by 46 +/- 4% (mean +/- SEM, p less than 0.02) in controls and by 22+/-3% in drug-treated animals. Reperfusion of the occluded artery decreased VFT by 83+/-7% (p less than 0.01) in controls and by 47+/-5% in carbocromene-treated hearts (p less than 0.02). Hemodynamics did not change in the drug group during coronary artery occlusion. In controls, blood pressure and dP/dtmax decreased while heart rate, end-diastolic pressure and ST-T segments increased significantly during both coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion. The underperfused, ischemic region was assessed by staining with Evans blue and involved 34+/-3% of the left ventricular mass in controls but only 27+/-3% in carbocromene-treated hearts (p less than 0.05). These results indicate protective effects of carbocromene on ventricular vulnerability in canine hearts during coronary artery occlusion and subsequent reperfusion. PMID- 7134265 TI - The use of phantom views to reduce CT streaks due to insufficient angular sampling. AB - An artefact that can occur in CT scans with too few views is the appearance of streaks at some distance from the sharp edge that causes them. We investigate, for parallel beam scanners, the effectiveness of the method of phantom views, as well as other methods of angular interpolation, in diminishing the view-limited streak artefact. The phantom view method consists of inserting data points obtained by interpolation in angle, along with the real data points. We show by a theoretical analysis, as well as by using simulated scans, that the phantom view method does tend to diminish the distant streaks more than other methods tested. Furthermore, we show that there is a point of diminishing returns in increasing the number of phantom views. PMID- 7134266 TI - A comparative method based on ROC analysis for the quantitation of observer performance in scintigraphy. AB - A method is proposed for the evaluation of observer performance based on the concept of count density: it provides a description of the effects of different display or processing techniques that is easily graphed. A set of ROC curves is produced for use as a calibration for other ROC graphs. Each curve is obtained experimentally using the same series of images and varying only the count density. The effect of an image processing operation is evaluated by comparison with the calibration curves, and is expressed as the change in count density in unprocessed images that produces the same effect on an observer as the processing. The relative change in count density is defined as the gain of the processing operation. The method is used to quantitate the effects of three linear filters, and of their respective noise textures, on the detectability of spheres 3 cm in diameter immersed in a uniform background. The smoothing filters gave the largest gain (2.5) of the three. When stimulated image data were manipulated so that filtering changed the noise texture only, with spatial resolution and noise variance held constant, the smoothing filter provided a gain of about 0.25 for the targets considered; this corresponds to a loss of about 75% of the counts in an unprocessed image. PMID- 7134267 TI - Unsharpness and contrast in digitised images. AB - The physical quality of a digitised image is affected by non-digital processes in the imaging instrumentation and by digital processes in the computer. The spatial unsharpness depends on instrumental resolution and on the pixel size of the digital array. The image contrast depends on the properties of the imaging system and on the number of grey scales used in the digital sampling process. The possibility is examined of constructing formulae for spatial unsharpness, and for the analogous parameter in the intensity dimension, defined as threshold contrast, in terms of instrumental and digital components. Formulae are developed from simple principles and tested against the observed properties of computer simulated images. The conclusion is that the concepts and the formulae provide a basis for predicting the effects of digital processing on the total unsharpness and contrast of digitised images. PMID- 7134268 TI - Thresholds in radiobiology. PMID- 7134269 TI - Variation on the pylon for the below-knee amputee. Suggestion from the field. PMID- 7134270 TI - Developing a clinical education program from the clinician's perspective. AB - As the number of physical therapy programs increases, more physical therapy departments will be developing clinical education programs. A guide for clinicians who are developing clinical education programs is presented. Suggestions are made for developing a philosophy of clinical education and for structuring the program. Topics discussed include guidelines for clinical instructors and students, learning contracts, negotiable time, and program evaluation. Examples adapted from the clinical education materials developed at Massachusetts Rehabilitation Hospital are included. PMID- 7134272 TI - American Physical Therapy Association awards for 1982. PMID- 7134271 TI - The 1982 presidential address. 'Firing up' for the future. PMID- 7134274 TI - [Malignant melanomas of the lower leg]. PMID- 7134273 TI - [The soleus syndrome. Apropos of 3 cases of intermittent claudication of venous origin]. AB - The typical case present with a unilateral, atypical claudication with discrete oedema, occurring after repeated exercise. These paradoxical features of venous pain, aggravation with attacks, resolution after prolonged rest and the absence of arterial signs are suggestive of the disease. The syndrome may present as repeated calf thromboses or recurrent varicose veins suggesting some deep obstruction. An inflammatory and oedematous process linked to exercise is associated with a congenital predisposition: a constriction of the venous arcade at the insertion of the soleus. Phlebography confirms the absence of thrombophlebitis and shows underlying stasis and poor opacification of the deep popliteal and, most importantly, anterior hooking and actual kinking of the vein on the lateral film which persists on mild flexion. A simple surgical procedure to free the vein turns this incapacitating and potentially thrombogenic pathology into a benign condition. TITLE: Therapeutic modalities for ischaemic atrophy in its acutely painful phase or the exceptional use of corticotherapy in phlebology. PMID- 7134275 TI - [Simulation of liquid transcapillary exchanges]. AB - The exchange between capillaries and the interstitial spaces are analysed using Wiederhielm's technique, and programmed in Basic language. The physiological variants represented are the hydrostatic pressures: arteriolar, venular and interstitial, and the oncotic, plasmatic and interstitial pressures. This technique enables us to analyses the relations between filtration, reabsorption. Plasmatic protein leaks, and lymphatic flux. It also enables us to simulate oedema of venous obstruction or lymphatic oedema, or protein deficiency oedema. PMID- 7134276 TI - [Surgery of deep venous reflux following phlebitis]. AB - Ten patients presenting major post-phlebitic sequels underwent the surgical restoration of their deep venous system, using valvular plastic, venous transposition, or the transplant of a section of counter-lateral saphenous vein. The techniques used, the preoperative assessment and the postoperative treatment are all described. With an average of 24 months since the operation, there are 8 successes; 7 out 9 patients are back at work, and 6 no longer wear elastic compression. However, this type of surgery is recent, and our knowledge of venous haemodynamics must be extended if we are to generalize these techniques. PMID- 7134278 TI - Responsibilities of the mentor to his Ph.D. student in physiology. PMID- 7134277 TI - [Therapy of white atrophy during the hyperalgesic phase or unusual use of cortico steroid therapy in phlebology]. AB - An ischaemic atrophic ulcer is a serious disease because of the pain it causes and because of its lingering course which is due to the poor effectiveness of available treatments. Today, at the first sign of pain (which precedes the ulcer) or in the first 48 hours after the appearance of the ulcer, high dose corticosteroid therapy (0.6 mg/kg Prednisolone) is prescribed for the first few days, reducing over one week to a local corticosteroid treatment (betamethasone cream) Dressings should be changed twice weekly. A splint may be added depending on the seventy of the oedema and sclerosis will be avoided during the hyperalgesic phase. PMID- 7134280 TI - A pulsatile cardiovascular computer model for teaching heart-blood vessel interaction. PMID- 7134279 TI - How to get a job in physiology. PMID- 7134281 TI - Acid-base balance in the dog. PMID- 7134282 TI - Repeated cardiac output determination in the experimental animal. PMID- 7134283 TI - Back problems in work and leisure. PMID- 7134284 TI - The Pritikin programme--a way of life. PMID- 7134285 TI - Ultrasonography of muscle in physiotherapeutic practice and research. PMID- 7134286 TI - The effect of exercises starting within twenty-four hours of infarction. PMID- 7134288 TI - Management of rehabilitation services. PMID- 7134287 TI - Epidural analgesia for thoracotomy patients. PMID- 7134289 TI - Psychology in the physiology curriculum. PMID- 7134290 TI - Pelvic arthropathy in pregnancy and the puerperium. PMID- 7134291 TI - Rehabilitation: its relationship to physiotherapy. PMID- 7134292 TI - Power grasp aid to rehabilitation. PMID- 7134293 TI - A guide to statistics. PMID- 7134294 TI - Statistics from physiotherapy departments. Their reliability for costing and comparison. PMID- 7134296 TI - Operations for cervical fusions. PMID- 7134295 TI - Differential diagnosis and management of neck pain. PMID- 7134297 TI - Neck fusion--a patient's view. PMID- 7134298 TI - Neck traction. PMID- 7134299 TI - [Elimination of silymarin by cholecystectomied patients. 2. Biliary elimination after multiple oral doses]. PMID- 7134300 TI - Isolation of drug metabolism modifiers from roots of Angelica koreana. PMID- 7134301 TI - Antiviral substances from the root of Paeonia species. PMID- 7134302 TI - [The mirror sign in presenile and senile dementias (especially in Alzheimer-type dementias)]. PMID- 7134303 TI - [Principles for the evaluation and differentiation of single protein findings in the cerebrospinal fluid with the examples of IgG, IgA, IgM and transferrin]. AB - Valuation methods for IgG, IgA, IgM and transferrin in normal and pathologically abnormal CSF samples are described. All proteins were determined by a modified electro-immuno-precipitation technique on cellulose acetate films in CSF which had not been concentrated. The methods for valuating IgG, IgA and transferrin were derived from criteria for the relation between each of the different proteins and the total protein concentration of normal CSF samples. Due to the limits of detection with our equipment, a different evaluation scheme was used for IgM. This was based on the changes in IgM concentration in the CSF which had a total protein content between 500 and 2.500 mg/1. These methods of valuation can be used to interpret changes in the mechanisms of the cerebral barrier function and/or the immunological status of neuropsychiatric diseases. PMID- 7134304 TI - [Effect of music on depressed patients]. AB - The effects of the performance of various forms of music and an acoustic non musical comparative stimulus on the condition and efficiency of depressive persons were studied. These persons react in the mot uniform manner to the performance of Vienna waltzes and slow phrases of piano concertos by Mozart, partly with considerable improvements of their condition and increase in efficiency while contrary reactions were produced by other forms of music. Persons suffering from depressive defect schizophrenia with reduced drive showed positive effects after waltz music and folksongs. The results are encouraging to include suitable music under group therapeutic conditions in the complex psychiatric therapy rehabilitation strategy. PMID- 7134305 TI - [Facial Expression and gestures in the murals of the church in Bojana]. AB - The study is an attempt to analyse mimicry and gestures in six of the portraits of Christ and in another four figures of laymen in the mural paintings of the church in Bojana which were created by an unknown artist called Master of Bojana in 1259. Besides his excellent performances as an innovator in this art, we are also surprised by his talent to express the various mental conditions and interrelations of the individual figures by the play of their features and their gestures. The portraits of laymen completely convey the mental characteristics of these people while the figures of Christ may be considered as examples of high human values and virtues. This characteristic feature of the works of the Master of Bojana makes his artistic creation stand out in a more plastic and qualitative manner, permits a deeper insight into his master works and explains their irresistible effect on the viewers. PMID- 7134306 TI - Plaques, tangles and Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 7134307 TI - The neuropsychiatric implications of low level exposure to lead. PMID- 7134308 TI - The diagnosis and classification of mental disorders in French-speaking countries: background, current views and comparison with other nomenclatures. PMID- 7134309 TI - Psychiatric research and primary care in Britain-past, present and future. PMID- 7134310 TI - Reasons and causes: the nature of explanations in psychology and psychiatry. AB - The relationship between psychological and biological processes is examined. Criteria for the distinction between reasons and causes are described. These provide a basis for a separation of those mental states and behaviour that can be explained in a reductionist fashion, and those that are not reducible. The proposed conceptual framework has clinical and research implications. PMID- 7134311 TI - Visual recognition through kinaesthetic mediation. AB - A case is reported in which mercury intoxication produced visual symptoms with an unusual compensation. The similarity of this patient to Schn., a much reported neuropsychiatric case, was striking and prompted correlation of the two cases. Experimental psychological studies performed on the present case provide a basis for an understanding of both cases. PMID- 7134313 TI - Psychological concomitants of cancer: current state of research. PMID- 7134312 TI - Non-MAOI antidepressant drugs and cognitive functions: a review. AB - Little is known about the effects of non-MAOI antidepressants on cognitive functions, despite their wide application to ambulant patients. Evidence from studies involving healthy volunteers suggests that differences exist between drugs, with imipramine, amitriptyline and mianserin being associated with the most marked detrimental effects. However, these findings have generally not been supported by the few studies using clinical populations, for which improvements in cognitive functions are often recorded following treatment. The reasons for this discrepancy are discussed, and the need for further research suggested. PMID- 7134314 TI - Skin conductance habituation during acute episodes of schizophrenia: qualitative differences from anxious and depressed patients. AB - Skin conductance habituation was measured in schizophrenic patients (N = 41) during an acute episode and compared with neurotic patients (N = 86) who were either predominantly anxious or predominantly depressed. All patients were tested before the onset of drug treatment. Between the 14th and 15th tone of the 17 tone simple habituation series a loud 'dishabituating' tone was inserted. In terms of traditional measures based on response frequency, non-habituation was most frequent in the anxious patients and least frequent in the depressed patients, with schizophrenic patients being intermediate. However, in terms of response amplitude the schizophrenic patients showed significantly faster habituation than either neurotic group. This paradox seems to be a consequence of the frequency of spontaneous fluctuations which was highly related to habituation status in the schizophrenic group, but not in the neurotic groups. When habituation was defined in terms of response amplitudes falling below spontaneous fluctuation amplitudes (rather than zero) the schizophrenic group showed the lowest frequency of non habituation. None of the groups showed any evidence of dishabituation after the loud tone, but the schizophrenics showed a significantly smaller response to the loud tone itself. Following Groves & Thompson (1970), this is interpreted as showing that the loud tone induced a greater response because of its perceived difference from the other tones rather than a sensitization effect because of its loudness. In these terms the schizophrenic patients showed greater response generalization than the neurotic patients. PMID- 7134316 TI - Family history and schizophrenia: characteristics of groups with and without positive family histories. AB - Social and demographic characteristics were examined retrospectively in a sample of 475 hospitalized schizophrenics to test the hypothesis that they can be meaningfully distinguished by the presence or absence of psychiatric disorders in their relatives. Cases with a positive family history of psychiatric disorders (FHP cases) were significantly more likely to have been born in the United Kingdom and to have had older mothers. Those who had relatives with psychiatric disorders other than schizophrenia were significantly more likely to have been diagnosed as schizo-affective. The findings are thought to reflect a constitutional trait in parents of FHP cases leading to delayed child bearing. They also support the 'environmental stress' theory of immigrant psychosis and the hypothesized genetic link between schizo-affective and affective disorders. PMID- 7134315 TI - The appreciation of imagery by schizophrenics: an interpretation of Goldstein's impairment of the abstract attitude. AB - Three experiments are reported in which schizophrenics are compared with other psychiatric patients on (i) the imagery value of words in their speech, (ii) their memory for words differing in imagery value, and (iii) their ability to distinguish the imagery value of two words. The study was designed to evaluate a neglected interpretation of Goldstein's ideas that schizophrenics are more concrete, in that their 'action is determined by momentary sense impressions'. The results gave no support for this interpretation and it is suggested that an abnormal way of categorizing the world is more likely to be a useful way of formulating Goldstein's ideas. PMID- 7134317 TI - Schizophrenia and religious affiliation in Northern Ireland. AB - First admissions for schizophrenia in Northern Ireland are significantly higher for the Roman Catholics than for the rest of the population, although not as high as in the Irish Republic. The excess of Catholic cases affects only the never married, and derives much more from the rural west of the territory than from the industrial east. It does not appear to be accounted for by geography per se, by the differential use of services, diagnostic bias, social class distribution, or mean age at marriage. There are indications that some conflict around sex and marriage and, more doubtfully, a sense of relative deprivation may be contributing factors. PMID- 7134318 TI - Electrodermal activity and therapeutic response to neuroleptic treatment in chronic schizophrenic in-patients. AB - Electrodermal measures, psychiatric ratings (Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Clinical Global Impressions) and several Wechsler subtest scores were obtained for 26 hospitalized chronic schizophrenics during drug 'washout'. The psychiatric ratings and Wechsler scores were obtained again after 6 months' treatment with thiothixene or thioridazine. Results revealed that those patients who displayed therapeutic benefit from the neuroleptic treatment displayed greater pre treatment electrodermal activity and higher skin conductance levels, compared with schizophrenics who did not benefit. No effect for laterality was noted. PMID- 7134319 TI - An efficacy study of electroconvulsive therapy and antidepressants in the treatment of primary depression. AB - At discharge, a significantly larger percentage of unipolar patients treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) respond with marked improvement as compared with those receiving antidepressants or other treatment. No treatment appears to be more efficacious in the bipolar group. In studying the covariables related to the length of time between hospitalizations, we found that the type of treatment is not important for the unipolar patient, whereas a combination of ECT and antidepressants lengthens the time to rehospitalization of the bipolar patient. Previous hospitalization is an important predictor variable for all patients. PMID- 7134320 TI - Strategies of research on economic instability and health. AB - Recent research on unemployment and health has depended heavily on macro-social and ecological data analyses. In order to redress this imbalance, the report summarizes the methods and results of a prospective study of a permanent factory shutdown, thereby illustrating and dissecting some of the strengths and weaknesses of the micro-epidemiological level of analysis. This leads to a broader analysis of research strategy questions which consider macro and micro approaches and variations on the two. PMID- 7134321 TI - Impact of treatment intervention on the relationship between dimensions of clinical psychopathology, social dysfunction and burden on the family of psychiatric patients. AB - The interdependence of the three areas of patient improvement assessments used in a comparative study has been studied. The three dimensions are clinical psychopathology, social dysfunction and burden on family. A high correlation has been found between these dimensions. The differential effect of two modalities of treatment delivery on the interdependence of these three dimensions is discussed. PMID- 7134322 TI - Latency models: the statistical analysis of response times. PMID- 7134323 TI - Speech dominance, handedness and electro-convulsions. AB - This paper discusses methods for assessing speech dominance in cases for unilateral ECT. The use of formal laterality tests has been strongly advocated in the literature, but is seldom adopted in clinical practice. Assessment of handwriting type (left/right, inverted/non-inverted) has been put forward as an alternative, but is not valid. Consideration of handedness alone is the most common practice, but is of little value. From current evidence on the relation of handedness to speech dominance, the paper evaluates the likely outcomes of always administering right-sided ECT, and of giving formal tests to left-handers only. PMID- 7134324 TI - Control theory: a useful conceptual framework for personality-social, clinical, and health psychology. PMID- 7134325 TI - Saltation in somesthesis. PMID- 7134326 TI - Psychometric detection of schizotypy. PMID- 7134327 TI - Linguistic input and the child's acquisition of language. PMID- 7134328 TI - Methodological issues in conceptualizing and treating childhood social isolation. PMID- 7134329 TI - Prenatal gonadal hormones and sex differences in human behavior. PMID- 7134330 TI - Phonetic trading relations and context effects: new experimental evidence for a speech mode of perception. PMID- 7134331 TI - Geometrical approximations to the structure of musical pitch. PMID- 7134332 TI - Tracing the dynamic changes in perceived tonal organization in a spatial representation of musical keys. PMID- 7134333 TI - Visual information channeling in normal and disordered vision. PMID- 7134334 TI - Treatment of social isolation and loneliness in a sample of visually impaired elderly persons. PMID- 7134335 TI - Mathematical achievement of third- and fourth-grade students in compensatory education when using two types of calculators. PMID- 7134336 TI - Reliability and validation of a psychiatric assessment instrument for the hospital treatment of adults. PMID- 7134337 TI - Behavioral/emotional problems in mentally retarded children and youth. PMID- 7134338 TI - Medication-usage patterns and medical decisions: days hospitalized. PMID- 7134339 TI - Sleep problems and type A-B behavior in college students. PMID- 7134340 TI - Recognition of suicidal lethality factors by psychiatric nursing assistants. PMID- 7134341 TI - Coping with stress: does humor help. PMID- 7134342 TI - Efficacy of open focus training in reduction of state anxiety. PMID- 7134343 TI - The pragmatic processing of intonation and word order in 2.0- to 4.0-yr.-old children. PMID- 7134344 TI - Victim's provocativeness and victim's attractiveness as determinants of blame in rape. PMID- 7134345 TI - "Aggressive and socially disruptive behavior among maximum security psychiatric patients:" a perspective. PMID- 7134346 TI - Marginality, suicides, and suicide attempts. PMID- 7134347 TI - Concurrent validity of Templer and Templer/Mc Mordie Death Anxiety Scales. PMID- 7134348 TI - Pavlovian trace conditioning and inhibition of fear in shuttlebox-avoidance behavior. PMID- 7134349 TI - Childhood experiences of a client with multiple personality. PMID- 7134350 TI - Perceptions of child psychologists held by parents of Australian school children. PMID- 7134351 TI - Role conflict for aides in a homemaker aide program for frail elderly persons. PMID- 7134352 TI - Parental hypertension and cardiovascular response to cognitive and isometric challenge. PMID- 7134353 TI - Cardiac output and blood flow distribution during rest and classical aversive conditioning in monkey. PMID- 7134354 TI - Self control of stress-induced cardiovascular change using transit time feedback. PMID- 7134355 TI - The heart beats to reward: the effect of monetary incentive on heart rate. PMID- 7134356 TI - Magnitude of incentive effects on heart rate. PMID- 7134357 TI - Visual evoked potentials change as heart rate and carotid pressure change. PMID- 7134359 TI - Comparison of linear and quadratic classification of event-related potentials on the basis of their exogenous or endogenous components. PMID- 7134358 TI - Behaviorally signalled awakenings in relationship to duration of alpha activity. PMID- 7134360 TI - Color-graphics terminal provides added dimension to biofeedback system. PMID- 7134361 TI - Hyperstress and outcomes in a long-term smoking intervention program. AB - A group of 182 smokers in a CHD risk factor intervention program were prospectively followed for 4 years to note the relationship of selected psychosocial factors to long-term outcomes in smoking cessation. The results of the study suggest that the combined effects of high levels of presumed stress and low self-reliance (measured by a multimode method) have predictive value in determining failure in long-term follow-up. The results were linked to a possible treatment-person interaction and to current theory on conditioned emotional states and addictive smoking. PMID- 7134362 TI - Situational variations of blood pressure in ambulatory hypertensive patients. AB - Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded at 15-min intervals for 24 hr in 60 untreated patients with uncomplicated mild essential hypertension using a new automatic noninvasive portable recorder. During the recording, the patients went about their normal daily routine, of which they kept a detailed record. The data were analyzed for five different recording situations: in the clinic, at work, at home, asleep, and average of the entire 24-hr period. Twenty-four hour readings were also compared with previously obtained casual readings. Clinic readings were correlated with the average 24-hr values, but for individual patients clinic pressures were relatively poor predictors of 24-hr pressures. Pressures recorded in the clinic were also greater than average 24-hr values. Similar degrees of correlation were found between clinic, home, work, and sleep pressures. Pressures recorded in the clinic were similar to pressures at work but higher than at home or asleep. In contrast, heart rate was similar in all conditions except during sleep, when it was lower. Previously measured casual pressures were also correlated with the clinic readings, with systolic values being similar, but diastolic values higher in the clinic during the 24-hr recording. For patients with clinic diastolic pressures in the range 90-104 mm Hg, 24-hr pressures varied from 75 to 100 mm Hg. We conclude that pressures measured casually in the clinic do not accurately reflect average 24-hr pressures and that ambulatory recording is helpful in the evaluation of mildly hypertensive patients. PMID- 7134363 TI - Conditioned dysphagia in cleft palate children after pharyngeal flap surgery. AB - A nonorganic pattern of maladaptive eating behavior was identified and diagnosed as conditioned dysphagia in a group of 28 children who had successfully completed pharyngeal flap surgery for correction of hypernasality. The physically intrusive diagnostic and surgical procedures are thought to contribute to the acquisition of a conditioned avoidance response to deglutition that is resistant to extinction but reversible after deconditioning therapy. Comparison with 22 matched normal siblings and 25 normal control children identified conditioned dysphagia as occurring in about 40% of the cleft palate children within 1 year after surgery. Characteristic eating problems included slowness, requiring assistance, eating only small pieces of solid foods, and not finishing meals. Early detection, treatment, and preventive measures are suggested at or about the time of surgery to avoid consequent nutritional deficits and, in some severe cases, a threat to survival if untreated. PMID- 7134364 TI - Circulatory, plasma catecholamine, cortisol, lipid, and psychological responses to a real-life stress (third molar extractions): effects of diazepam sedation and of inclusion of epinephrine with the local anesthetic. AB - We studied the circulatory, psychological, plasma catecholamine, cortisol, and lipid responses to a real-life stress--third molar extractions--in 21 patients and the effects of sedation with intravenous diazepam and of inclusion of epinephrine with the local anesthetic. Across all patients, the surgery was associated with significantly increased heart rate (25%), systolic blood pressure (13%) and cardiac output--as indicated using impedance cardiography (34%)- without a significant change in diastolic blood pressure. Plasma norepinephrine increased by 60% during the surgery in nonsedated patients. Diazepam sedation abolished the norepinephrine response to the surgery, without significantly affecting the heart rate or systolic pressure responses. Receipt of epinephrine with the local anesthetic resulted in a fivefold increase in mean plasma epinephrine 5 min after the injection, as well as increased cardiac output. The direct effect of epinephrine accounted for the cardiac output increase observed during the surgery. The results suggest the participation of the sympathetic nervous system in producing the circulatory responses to dental surgery. The elimination of sympathetic recruitment by diazepam-induced sedation, however, without concomitant reductions in heart rate or systolic pressure responses, suggests that other systems besides the sympathetic nervous system influence the circulatory response to this real-life stress. PMID- 7134365 TI - Use of psychostimulants in medically ill depressed patients. PMID- 7134366 TI - Levels of anxiety and depression in spinal cord-injured patients. PMID- 7134367 TI - Psychiatric consultation to internal medicine: an internist's thoughts. PMID- 7134368 TI - Psychiatric consultation to internal medicine: a psychiatrist's thoughts. PMID- 7134370 TI - Do weak alternating magnetic fields have biological effects? PMID- 7134369 TI - Hypochondriasis, masked depression, and electroconvulsive therapy. PMID- 7134371 TI - Ischaemic heart disease--the long term outlook. PMID- 7134372 TI - Bacterial profile of diarrhoeal disease in Benin City. PMID- 7134373 TI - Prolonged hospital stay for whooping cough: the need for prevention. PMID- 7134374 TI - Aspects of preventive medicine. PMID- 7134375 TI - The nature, amount and ethical content of clinical research in a non-teaching area. PMID- 7134376 TI - Evaluation of the routine medical examination of 13-year-old "public school" pupils. PMID- 7134377 TI - The mechanism of enhanced radioresistance by phenylhydrazine in mice. PMID- 7134378 TI - DNA damage and radiosensitizers: M. luteus sensitive sites for misonidazole-TAN combination. PMID- 7134379 TI - Models for DNA damage formation and repair in mammalian cells exposed to ionizing radiation. PMID- 7134380 TI - Interaction of hyperthermia and radiation on the survival of synchronous 9L cells. PMID- 7134381 TI - Teratologic studies of prenatal exposure of rats to 915 MHz microwave radiation. PMID- 7134382 TI - The constant low oxygen concentration in all the target cells for mouse tail radionecrosis. PMID- 7134383 TI - Secondary neoplasms in patients treated for cancer: etiology and perspective. PMID- 7134384 TI - Influence of location within a tumor on the survival of dissociated cells heated in vitro. PMID- 7134385 TI - The ultrastructure of radiation injury in rat lung: modification by D penicillamine. PMID- 7134386 TI - Functional integrity of mouse spleen lymphocytes in vitro after radiolabeling with indium-111. PMID- 7134387 TI - Animal rabies--government control policy. PMID- 7134388 TI - Oil from municipal refuse: implications and potential. PMID- 7134389 TI - Infectious disease--time for a re-think. PMID- 7134390 TI - Chronic sickness in the housing stock. PMID- 7134391 TI - Educating Mr. Punch--'home safety'. PMID- 7134392 TI - Environmental comfort and energy conservation. PMID- 7134393 TI - Looking after ourselves: an individual responsibility? PMID- 7134394 TI - A plan for hearing conservation. PMID- 7134395 TI - Adapting a lateral cassette holder for paediatric radiography. PMID- 7134396 TI - Marking of breast tissue by needle localization under mammographic control. PMID- 7134397 TI - Objective test results--a simple system of analysis. PMID- 7134398 TI - [The skeletal elements of the 2d branchial arch]. PMID- 7134400 TI - [Osteoporosis--detection by simple roentgen methods]. PMID- 7134401 TI - Acute plastic bowing fractures of the extremities in the childhood. PMID- 7134399 TI - [Recent views on the roentgendiagnostic assessment of the petrous bone]. PMID- 7134402 TI - Osteoid osteoma (some diagnostic problems). PMID- 7134403 TI - [Functionally induced mucosal folds in the digestive tract]. PMID- 7134404 TI - [Plasty of Vater's papilla--clinico-roentgenologic and endoscopic control studies]. PMID- 7134405 TI - [Clinico-roentgenologic diagnosis of invagination ileus in children]. PMID- 7134406 TI - [Comparative studies on the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux by roentgen examination and pH-metry]. PMID- 7134407 TI - [Results of urography in a polyclinic--correlation of questions of indications, referral diagnosis and roentgen diagnosis]. PMID- 7134408 TI - [Value of excretion urograms following cardiovascular roentgen contrast media studies in children and adults]. PMID- 7134409 TI - [Aorto-arteriography in spinal anesthesia]. PMID- 7134410 TI - [Indirect sublingual lymphography in the maxillofacial and neck regions]. PMID- 7134411 TI - [Reactive hyperplasia of the retroperitoneal lymph nodes as an early manifestation of the spread of lymphogranulomatosis]. PMID- 7134412 TI - [Indirect lymphography of the ovary]. PMID- 7134413 TI - [Genetic and somatic risks in roentgen diagnosis]. PMID- 7134414 TI - [The so-called "battered child syndrome" from the viewpoint of the pediatric radiologist]. AB - The diagnosis of the Battered-Child Syndrome (BCS) is made by the pediatrician and the radiologist. The recognition of this entity by the radiologist is possible because of the high frequency of the typical skeletal lesions. This skeletal changes are illustrated by X-ray pictures and bone scans. Not only skeletal trauma can be discovered but also visceral injuries may be combined and diagnosed in the BCS. For the detection of all changes in the BCS nowadays all possible imaging procedures should be used. Some forensic problems in this field are added. PMID- 7134415 TI - Role of radiology in the study and identification of casualty victims. AB - Radiology is assuming an increasingly important role in the investigation of casualty victims. Radiographic screening for foreign bodies, personal effects, dental and surgical artifacts and occult skeletal injury has long been an established technique in forensic medicine. Positive radiographic identification of the victims by comparison with antemortem films and records is a more recent, important development. Large scale radiographic investigations may require improvised facilities posing unaccustomed technical and logistical problems. Radiologic experience gained from aviation accident investigation is found to apply in other casualty situations as well as in individual fatality investigations. Radiologic data may aid determination of the cause of incidents, resulting in improved safety procedures and design, as well as serving humanitarian and forensic functions. PMID- 7134416 TI - [Sonography of perirenal hematoma after percutaneous renal biopsy in children]. AB - Gray scale ultrasonography was used to evaluate the incidence of renal or perirenal hematoma in children after percutaneous renal biopsy. On a total of 57 infants and children, we found perirenal hematoma in 10 cases or 16%. In an additional patient with macroscopic hematuria, ultrasound revealed pelvic obstruction due to clot formation. In this study the clinical findings and hematocrit were not really contributive in the detection of hematoma, making ultrasound the method of choice to monitor post biopsy complications. PMID- 7134417 TI - [Intestinal lesions following radiotherapy in the pelvic and abdominal regions. Radiological and pathological-anatomical findings]. PMID- 7134418 TI - [Significance of analysis of lumbar vertebra radiographs for the localization of intervertebral disk damage]. AB - The author analyses clinical and radiological changes of the lumbar spine in patients suffering from syndrome of lumbar root compression. He describes the problem of height localisation of vertebral disc disturbances, analyses anatomical conditions of one segmental area and demonstrates his method for analysis of height localisation of disc disturbances by X-ray pictures. By comparison and studies of many X-ray pictures of the lumbar spine the author developed an easy method for localisation of the damaged disc and the narrowing of the spinal canal by precise measurements of the difference between depth (sagittal diameter) of upper and lower plate of a vertebral body. The results are based on Y-ray pictures and radiculographies of 300 patients, 156 of whom got surgical treatment. The rest was treated by conservative methods. Complete correspondence of findings by X-ray pictures and radiculographies was found in 91.4%. The surgeon found total (100%) correspondence of findings by radiculographies and intraoperative picture. PMID- 7134419 TI - [The computer in radiology. findings obtained by the text rail]. AB - As a dedicated solution for professional classification, the COMRAD (COMputer in RADiology) system makes available a "dialog system" that enables the fully integrated processing of operational layouts or word processing and administration of medical practice. The dialog system is based on data files which enable direct access to all stored data as well as the storage of new data, thus avoiding a multiple input and storage. The operational layout of text processing which is to be introduced by this paper, permits radiological findings to be prepared in a flow text, strictly observing a division of the analysis into a descriptive and a evaluative report. The synthesis of the findings is reached through a dialed description of a pathological condition, which is automatically supplemented for assessment by the pertinent evaluation text including its variables. In contrary of assembling text modules the texts of all not directly dialed findings without pathological changes are automatically incorporated both into the description and into the assessment. The variables may be standard attributes, free attributes and pairing attributes. PMID- 7134420 TI - [Reliability of CT diagnosis in cerebral sinus thrombosis]. AB - There is no reliable CT diagnosis in all cases of cerebral sinovenous thrombosis. The hyperdense sinus structures may indicate an acute thrombotic occlusion, but we know other reasons of this finding. Only the so-called empty triangle sing is pathognomonic, while the unilateral or bilateral hemorrhages, circumscript or diffuse edema with small ventricles and the tentorial hypervascularity are not specific of sinovenous occlusion. We present our findings in 15 cases of sinovenous thrombosis and conclude, that the combination of clinical course and CT-finding with specific or some non-specific signs will give the correct diagnosis of sinus thrombosis with or without angiography. PMID- 7134421 TI - [Neuroradiology, clinical picture and pathology of cerebral venous angiomas]. AB - Twelve cases of venous angioma of the brain are presented. The neuroradiological and clinical findings in our series as well as in 45 previously reported cases are summarized. Angiography shows a normal arterial phase but consecutively a network or medusa-like pattern of numerous dilated medullary veins. converging towards one or several draining vessels with transcerebral course. The angiographic appearance is characteristic but not uniform, showing subgroups with faint blush, early filling veins and drainage into different directions. Some cases of venous malformations cannot be classified on the basis of angiographic findings and differentiation of telangiectases or cavernomas may be difficult. CT findings are non-specific, but contrast-enhanced CT almost invariably shows an enlarged transcerebral vessel, suggesting the presence of venous malformation. The lesion has to be classified as a vascular hamartoma. Although not an uncommon finding at autopsy venous angioma has been considered rare, because its clinical and radiological characteristics are little known. Though it may be asymptomatic, more than 30% of the reported cases (50% in our series) suffered from epileptic seizures. In about 10% of all cases symptoms of intracranial hemorrhage related to venous angioma were observed. PMID- 7134422 TI - [Bilateral hypoplasia or the internal carotid artery]. PMID- 7134423 TI - [Radiological picture of a hemangiopericytoma at the base of the skull]. PMID- 7134424 TI - [Extravertebral manifestations of ankylosing hyperstosis (Forestier's disease)]. PMID- 7134425 TI - [Dysspondylis: a contribution to Scheuermann's disease]. AB - Juvenile aberrations of the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs are abnormalities of the chondral, periosteal and apophyseal ossification. Differentiation of clinically insignificant variations and potentially or manifestly pathogenic dysspondylies is suggested. The occurrence of abnormalities of bodies and discs is different in particular parts of the spine. The semiology of eight dysspondylies in individual segments of the spine is described. M. Scheuermann presents the most frequent dysspondyly. PMID- 7134426 TI - [Diabetic osteopathy of the foot]. PMID- 7134427 TI - [Myelolipoma of the adrenal gland in whole-body computed tomography. Report on 2 histologically confirmed cases with clinic-radiological correlations]. AB - Myelolipomas are rare non-functioning benign lesions. They occur almost exclusively in the adrenals and are usually small and asymptomatic. We report two cases of unusually large symptomatic myelolipomas of the adrenal which were examined by urography, ultrasound, angiography and computed tomography (CT). A review of the literature of 25 similar cases is presented with a discussion of the pathogenesis. Diagnostic features of an adrenal myelolipoma are (1) a non functioning, (2) radiolucent, (3) solid and (4) avascular mass arising from the adrenal. With CT the preoperative diagnosis becomes possible by assessing the fat contents, tumor alignment and lack of invasiveness. PMID- 7134428 TI - [Roentgen quiz. Sclerosing of the 1st metacarpus]. PMID- 7134429 TI - The radiographic follow-up of patients with Ewing sarcoma: a demonstration of a general method. AB - An analysis of the patterns of detectable tumor recurrence using the concepts of hazard rate, predictive value, and cumulative probability was undertaken to assess the appearance of metastases in Ewing sarcoma. This study comprises 107 patients who were seen between 1964 and 1977. The distribution of the sites of metastases indicates that repeated examinations of both lungs and bones are necessary for the effective surveillance of both truncal and extremity primary lesions. The hazard rates for metastases suggest that these serial examinations should be concentrated early in the follow-up period for truncal primaries and more uniformly distributed for extremity primaries. The method used is general and is applicable to any disease for which the surveillance for recurrence or a complication is of major concern. The results of the analysis may be used in the selection and scheduling of follow-up examinations for patients with Ewing sarcoma, and in advising the patient of the prognosis for continued remission. PMID- 7134430 TI - Work in progress. Transcatheter thermal venous occlusion: a new technique. AB - Diatrizoate (76%) contrast agent heated to 100 degrees C was injected into the veins of dogs and one human volunteer for the nonsurgical occlusion of the vessels. Follow-up venograms and histologic examinations, at intervals varying from one day to four weeks later, revealed thrombosis of the injected veins in all animals. Thrombosis occurred one to five days after injection of contrast agent. The authors conclude that hot contrast medium is a safe and convenient agent for inducing thrombosis. It is much easier to use than mechanical devices, tissue glues, and plastics, which involve complex procedures and specialized equipment. In contrast to other sclerosing agents, hot contrast agent is rapidly converted into a nonsclerosing agent by cooling. The new technique allows a more controlled thermal injury to the vascular wall and is under fluoroscopic control. PMID- 7134431 TI - Experimental evaluation of Ethibloc for nonsurgical nephrectomy. PMID- 7134432 TI - Colonic infarction following ethanol embolization of renal-cell carcinoma. PMID- 7134433 TI - A computer system to monitor radiology department activity: a management tool to improve patient care. AB - A microcomputer system has been developed and installed at the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology to monitor the moment-to-moment activity in a radiology department. Data about department performances are collected, summarized, and displayed in graphs and tables on terminals at stations throughout the department. The system is currently used to monitor a wide variety of functions including patient waiting time, report production time, film-library operations, equipment maintenance, and room use. Since the displays are updated in real-time, it is possible to identify and address problems as they occur, thereby providing a method of evaluation that leads to improved performance as related to patient care. PMID- 7134434 TI - Comparative in vitro evaluation of the nitinol inferior vena cava filter. AB - An inferior vena cava filter made from nitinol, a thermal shape memory alloy, was evaluated. A series of in vitro experiments was designed to assess its shape recovery, orientation, and positioning after delivery and its embolus-capturing efficiency. For comparison, the Mobin-Uddin and Kimray-Greenfield filters were also tested. The results indicate that the nitinol filter is easily and accurately delivered and is superior to the other filters in its ability to capture emboli. In addition, it showed no tendency to migrate or to elevate the upstream hydrostatic pressures significantly. PMID- 7134435 TI - Work in progress. Flashing tomosynthesis: a tomographic technique for quantitative coronary angiography. AB - Flashing tomosynthesis, a procedure that consists of a recording step and a reconstruction step, facilitates the tomographic imaging of coronary arteries. In a comparative study 10 postmortem coronary arteriograms were examined with 35-mm cine technique and with flashing tomosynthesis. The degrees of stenosis found with both of these techniques were compared with morphometrically obtained values. A higher correlation coefficient existed for the degrees of stenosis obtained with tomosynthesis and morphometry (r = 0.92, p less than 0.001, SEE = 9%) than for those obtained with cine technique and morphometry (r = 0.82, p less than 0.001, SEE = 16%). The technique has also been successfully carried out in 5 patients with coronary artery disease. PMID- 7134436 TI - Computed tomographic determination of tracheal dimensions in children and adolescents. PMID- 7134437 TI - Lateral inspiration and expiration radiographs of the neck in children with laryngotracheitis (croup). PMID- 7134438 TI - Computed tomographic studies of the head in a teaching hospital and a community hospital: a comparison. AB - This investigation compared the use of computed tomography (CT) of the head at a large primary medical-school-affiliated hospital and at a large community hospital. There were two aims: first, to study the intrinsic characteristics of the patients in an attempt to determine the potential for developing accurate discrimination algorithms; and second, to study the patterns of neurodiagnostic tests used at these facilities. The results indicated that separability of patients into normal and abnormal categories at both institutions was extremely small. In addition, there was no significant difference in the numbers of types of ancillary tests used at both institutions. Overall, these data once more confirm the difficulty of altering CT usage patterns in primary or secondary hospitals without significantly affecting the number of abnormal patients identified. PMID- 7134439 TI - Intracranial neoplasms in children: the effect of computed tomography on age distribution. AB - In a review of all children with brain neoplasms evaluated at a large pediatric center during a three-year period following the introduction of computed tomography (CT), a change was observed in the age distribution at the time of clinical presentation as compared with a previous series evaluated prior to the introduction of CT. In children under six years of age, there was a highly significant trend for earlier diagnosis; within this age group, relatively more children were diagnosed in the first two years of life. Between six and twelve years of age, there was no change in frequency of brain tumor diagnosis between the two series. Above age twelve, there was again noted a highly significant increase in detection of brain tumors in the more recent series. These differences between the two series may be attributed, at least in part, to earlier referral and diagnosis since the advent of CT, although other factors cannot be excluded as possible causes of the differences. PMID- 7134440 TI - Intraspinal synovial cysts: natural history and diagnosis by CT. PMID- 7134441 TI - Neurotoxicity of iohexol: a new nonionic contrast medium. AB - The neurotoxicity of iohexol was evaluated and compared with the neurotoxicity of sodium diatrizoate, meglumine iothalamate, and metrizamide. Direct neurotoxicity was evaluated with in vitro rat hippocampal slices, and angiographic neurotoxicity was studied in a cat's spinal cord following thoracic aortography. In the experiments with the hippocampal slices, the ionic agents, sodium diatrizoate and meglumine iothalamate, and metrizamide caused early excitatory changes in electrical activity and later inhibition, but iohexol caused only inhibition. In the experiments with the cat's spinal cord, the ionic contrast materials produced an increase in the ventral root reflexes, and iohexol and metrizamide produced no significant effect. These results indicate that iohexol is less neurotoxic than metrizamide and the ionic contrast materials and may be a very useful angiographic and/or myelographic contrast agent. PMID- 7134442 TI - Malignant external otitis: CT evaluation. AB - Malignant external otitis is an aggressive infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa that most often occurs in elderly diabetics. Malignant external otitis often spreads inferiorly from the external canal to involve the subtemporal area and progresses medically towards the petrous apex leading to multiple cranial nerve palsies. The computed tomographic (CT) findings in malignant external otitis include obliteration of the normal fat planes in the subtemporal area as well as patchy destruction of the bony cortex of the mastoid. The point of exit of the various cranial nerves can be identified on CT scans, and the extent of the inflammatory mass correlates well with the clinical findings. Four cases of malignant external otitis are presented. In each case CT provided a good demonstration of involvement of the soft tissues at the base of the skull. PMID- 7134443 TI - Computed tomography of the infrahyoid neck. Part I: normal anatomy. PMID- 7134445 TI - Normal colon wall thickness on CT. PMID- 7134444 TI - Computed tomography of the infrahyoid neck. Part II: pathology. PMID- 7134446 TI - Computed tomography of cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas. AB - Ten cases of cystadenoma or cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas were examined by computed tomography (CT). All but one showed characteristic findings consisting of both cystic and solid components. Innumerable small cysts producing a honeycomb appearance were noticed in serous cystadenomas. A well-defined multilocular cystic mass containing thin, straight, and/or curvilinear septa or a unilocular cystic tumor with a papillary projection and locally thickened wall was present in mucinous cystadenomas. The CT findings in cystadenocarcinomas varied depending on the relative size of the cystic and solid portions and the grade of malignancy. CT was useful in detecting and diagnosing cystic neoplasms of the pancreas and differentiating benign serous cystadenomas from potentially malignant cystadenomas in typical cases. However, aspiration biopsy is recommended when findings are equivocal. PMID- 7134447 TI - Computed tomography utilization and charges in 1981. AB - Data are reported from 94 medical computed tomography (CT) installations that operated 153 CT units in 1981. All CT installations began operation before 1977 and are the most experienced CT facilities in the United States. Sixty-five per cent of studies are head CT, and 68% of body CT procedures are in the abdomen and pelvis. Intravenous contrast material is used in almost 70% of body and 80% of head examinations. On average, each CT unit performs 62 patient procedures in a 56 hour week and is estimated to be operating at 90% capacity. The total typical charge is $324 for head CT and $362 for body CT. CT equipment with scanning times of less than 10 seconds per image is more efficient and examines more patients per hour. CT installations are continuing to increase in overall patient volume and in the percentage of body examinations, even in the most experienced CT installations. PMID- 7134448 TI - High-resolution real-time sonography of the thyroid. PMID- 7134449 TI - High-frequency real-time ultrasound of the neonatal biliary system. PMID- 7134450 TI - The sonographically patent umbilical vein in portal hypertension. AB - A patent umbilical vein is a sonographic sign of portal hypertension. The specificity of the sign is not known. In a review of 12 patients with sonographically demonstrated patency of the umbilical vein, we found two patients in whom no clinical evidence existed to suggest the presence of portal hypertension. In six of 10 healthy subjects, the lumen of the proximal umbilical vein measured up to 3 mm in diameter. A review of the literature indicates that in normal injection-corrosion studies, a tiny vessel can be seen in noncirrhotic livers. A patient umbilical vein greater than 3 mm must be demonstrated, at least throughout the course of the intrahepatic portion of the ligamentum teres, to confirm portal hypertension. PMID- 7134451 TI - Prenatal detection of umbilical cord allantoic cyst. PMID- 7134453 TI - Radionuclide imaging and ultrasound in liver/spleen trauma: a prospective comparison. AB - In a prospective blind study of liver/spleen trauma, 32 consecutive patients were evaluated by radionuclide imaging (99mTc-sulfur colloid) and gray-scale ultrasound. Six patients (19%) had inadequate sonograms due to injuries and pain. Thirteen (41%) were normal, 13 (41%) were abnormal with one technique or the other, and there was a discrepancy in 2 (6%). Of the 13 abnormal patients, 1 had a lacerated spleen, 2 had angiographic confirmation of a subcapsular hematoma, and 10 showed resolution on follow-up. Two patients with left-sided trauma had abnormal radionuclide scans of the liver; sonograms were initially normal in one of them, but subsequent imaging confirmed the abnormality. The authors feel that imaging with 99mTc-sulfur colloid should be the primary screening examination for liver/spleen trauma. PMID- 7134452 TI - Liver scintigraphy in colon carcinoma: correlation with modified Duke pathological classification. AB - Hepatic scintigraphy was performed prior to surgical exploration in 89 patients with primary carcinoma of the large bowel. Of these patients, 26% had positive liver scans at the time the diagnosis was established. The presence or absence of liver metastasis by scintigraphic criteria was correlated with surgical findings, a modified Duke pathologic classification, and the presence of tumor markers. The sensitivity of hepatic scintigraphy was 96% and the specificity was 98%. A total of 63% of patients with abdominal lymph node involvement had positive liver scans while 4.6% of patients without lymph node involvement had positive scans. A total of 91% of patients with positive liver scans had positive abdominal nodes. Of 60 patients with normal liver scans, one (1.7%) had hepatic metastasis and 27% had tumor in regional lymph nodes. Hepatic scintigraphy is highly sensitive in detecting liver metastasis from large bowel carcinoma. However, a negative liver scan did not exclude abdominal lymph node spread. PMID- 7134454 TI - Rotation therapy using a novel high-gradient filter. PMID- 7134455 TI - The relationship between milligram-hours and dose to point A in carcinoma of the cervix. AB - The relationships between the Fletcher and Manchester methods in dosimetry of cancer of the uterine cervix were explored in order to compare dose prescriptions between the systems, to optimize the best features of both systems, and to establish the necessity for computerized dosimetry. A total of 91 Fletcher-Suit radium applications was analyzed by a linear least-square regression analysis to compare Point A and Point B doses of the Manchester system will milligram-hours of the fletcher system. Although moderately high correlations were found between milligram-hours of radium and doses at Point A and Point B, it was concluded that direct comparisons, particularly between individual patients, are fraught with dose uncertainties of clinical significance. In addition, the correlation between milligram-hours of radium and Point A dose was markedly affected by the position of the colpostats and tandem, thus making it difficult to formulate a simple conversion factor between the two systems. PMID- 7134456 TI - Tantalum air-interspace crossed grid: design and performance characteristics. PMID- 7134457 TI - Quantification of calcium in solitary pulmonary nodules using single- and dual energy CT. PMID- 7134458 TI - Radiation exposure to the female breast during an upper gastrointestinal tract examination. PMID- 7134459 TI - Clinical experience with combined videofluorography and pulsed fluoroscopy. PMID- 7134460 TI - Radioresistance in some human tumor cells conferred in vitro by repair of potentially lethal X-ray damage. PMID- 7134461 TI - The response of kidney to ionizing radiation combined with hyperthermia induced by ultrasound. AB - Mouse kidneys were made hyperthermic (42.5 degrees C for 30 min) one hour before, during, or one hour after local irradiation to determine the effect of hyperthermia on radiation damage. An ultrasound beam was used to induce hyperthermia. The urinary concentrations of total protein and albumin were used as criteria of kidney injury. Hyperthermia alone did not induce proteinuria. Radiation alone produced proteinuria that was not correlated with dose. Hyperthermia induced during or after irradiation resulted in a thermal enhancement factor of 1.29 +/- .33. Hyperthermia induced one hour before irradiation resulted in a thermal enhancement factor of 0.88 +/- .05, indicating a radioprotective effect. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first time such an effect has been shown. PMID- 7134462 TI - Three-dimensional viewing system for tomographic scan interpretation. PMID- 7134463 TI - Transhepatic embolization of hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm following biliary drainage. PMID- 7134464 TI - Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage: advantages of the left-lobe subxiphoid approach. PMID- 7134465 TI - Continuous, gentle suction apparatus for abscess drainage. PMID- 7134466 TI - Leakproof adapters for arterial infusions. PMID- 7134467 TI - An improved method for intra-arterial foreign body retrieval. PMID- 7134468 TI - Supine oblique metrizamide lumbar radiculography. PMID- 7134469 TI - Fast digital recording of X-ray dilution curves: a preliminary evaluation. AB - A digital radiography apparatus that is implemented on a computed tomography (CT) scanner allows for the fast recording of dilution curves of thin sections of a CT scan. Densities are plotted vs. time, and structures can be allocated by reference to the corresponding CT image. Intravenous bolus passage in the larger vessels, and enhancement in the organs was determined in patients. Modulations that resulted from breathing posed problems, but those that resulted from pulsation may yield useful additional information. Possible clinical applications are discussed. PMID- 7134470 TI - The computerized diagnostic radiology department: update 1982. AB - The small digital computer is becoming ever more powerful, reliable, and inexpensive. Diagnostic radiology and the computer are becoming more intertwined. During the past decade, computed tomography (CT) has achieved outstanding success. CT and other digital image systems that are capable of computer manipulation, storage, and viewing are becoming more numerous. Of increasing importance are the new and maturing reporting and operations/management systems. The many facets of newer computer and diagnostic radiology developments are discussed, and a model is presented here that integrates all applications into a single system. Many benefits in improved patient care and general operations of the department would result from its implementation. Some elements of this model exist now and can be installed with relatively little effort. Development of the entire model is within the state of current technology. A number of trends suggest that diagnostic radiology is becoming more ready to use such a model. PMID- 7134471 TI - Pregnancy and women radiologists. PMID- 7134472 TI - Vaginography. PMID- 7134473 TI - The third generation of cephalosporins, Part II. PMID- 7134474 TI - Normal personality processes. PMID- 7134475 TI - The theory of cognitive orientation: widening the scope of behavior prediction. PMID- 7134476 TI - National differences in anxiety and extroversion. PMID- 7134477 TI - Gums and stabilisers for the food industry. Interactions of hydrocolloids. Proceedings of an international conference: Clwyd, Wales, July 1981. PMID- 7134478 TI - [The ego and reality]. PMID- 7134479 TI - [Narcissism, self value sense and object relations]. PMID- 7134480 TI - [Dream and self]. PMID- 7134481 TI - [Balint groups with clinic physicians]. PMID- 7134482 TI - [The psychoanalyst and the transsexual patient. A contribution to necessary explanation of "psycho"-surgical interventions on the sex characteristics]. PMID- 7134483 TI - [Crises intervention and suicide prevention]. PMID- 7134484 TI - Age of onset of affective illness. AB - The age of onset of affective illness as measured by the initial psychiatric consultation for four affective subtypes was evaluated. Bipolar I (mean age = 28.00) and cyclothymics (mean age = 27.58) sought psychiatric consultation for their affective symptoms significantly earlier than unipolar patients (mean age = 34.69). Bipolar II patients (mean age = 31.54) sought psychiatric consultation at an age intermediate between bipolar I and unipolar patients. Male bipolar II patients sought psychiatric treatment significantly later than female bipolar II patients and there was a nonsignificant trend toward male cyclothymics initially seeking treatment later than female cyclothymics. In all, the range of age of onset for the four affective subtypes was quite wide suggesting that a patient was at risk for developing an affective disorder at any time from adolescence to the geriatric age range. PMID- 7134485 TI - On the long-term development of shinkeishitsu-neurotics treated by Morita therapy. A statistical quantitative analysis. AB - We considered the long-term development of shinkeishitsu-type neurotics (hypochondriacal neurosis: 154 cases; anxiety neurosis: 122 cases; obsessive neurosis: 436 cases; depressive neurosis: 123 cases) treated by Morita therapy by using the Life Table analysis. We obtained the following results: (i) at least 90% of the patients improved greatly within at most 8 years after admission; (ii) the mean time required for the patients to improve greatly are 38.0 months in hypochondriacal neurosis, 34.8 months in anxiety neurosis, 50.0 months in obsessive neurosis, and 47.4 months in depressive neurosis. PMID- 7134486 TI - Neuroendocrinological aspects of depression and symptomatological picture. AB - Cortisol and prolactin circadian rhythms were determined in a group of depressed hospitalized women who were submitted the next day to the dexamethasone suppression test. The depressed were classified as endogenous and non-endogenous according to symptomatological criteria. Some significant differences were found between the two groups when compared to control subjects in cortisol as well as prolactin biorhythms, and the cortisol suppression percentages were significantly lower in the endogenous than in the non-endogenous. This difference is abolished by benzodiazepine treatment. PMID- 7134487 TI - [Diet triggered depression as well as its treatment: a behaviorally oriented group therapy concept]. AB - Preliminary results of a behavior-oriented therapeutic concept for adipose females, who can be called a risk group because of their psychic instability, are presented. 6 adipose females, who at the beginning of the therapy showed a partial endomorphic cyclothymic axial syndrome according to Berner, participated in group therapy. Half of the patients were additionally supported with antidepressants. The results show that those patients with additional medicamental treatment did profit far more from the therapeutic supply than did the others in all examined parameters: they were better motivated to stay with the group, became socially more competent, and lost more weight. PMID- 7134488 TI - [Under what conditions can further course research still be expected to produce new knowledge on endogenous psychoses?]. AB - Exhaustive follow-up studies of schizophrenia from Zurich, Bonn and Lausanne have produced strikingly similar results, despite considerable methodological differences. These 'classical' modes of differentiating the endogenous psychoses are critically analyzed. In contrast, the application of the operational research criteria recently developed by American authors results in a narrowing of the concept of schizophrenia and a proportional broadening of the cyclothymic disorders. Use of the Viennese research criteria, the definition of an 'axial syndrome' of schizophrenia, has the identical nosological effect. While the American diagnosis is phenomenological and essentially 'atheoretical', the Viennese view is based on the hypothesis of a core disorder. Further comparative polydiagnostic studies are called for in order to determine the relative value of these various research instruments. PMID- 7134489 TI - [Epidemiology and diagnosis of hypertension in the Upper Silesian industrial region. II. Evaluation of the effectiveness of antihypertensive treatment in the industrialized and non-industrialized regions during the years 1977-1979]. PMID- 7134490 TI - [Ventricular fibrillation as a complication of myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7134491 TI - [Spontaneous leukocyte agglutination test in chronic bronchitis and endo- and exogenous bronchial asthma]. PMID- 7134492 TI - [Electric stimulation of the right atrium as a substitute for the exercise test]. PMID- 7134493 TI - [Polyneuropathy after acute Phytosol poisoning]. PMID- 7134494 TI - [Epidemiology and diagnosis of hypertension in the Upper-Silesian industrial region. IV. Serum uric acid level in normotensive and hypertensive persons in the industrialized and non-industrialized regions]. PMID- 7134495 TI - [Spontaneous leukocyte agglutination in the sputum of patients with chronic spastic bronchitis and endo- and exogenous bronchial asthma]. PMID- 7134496 TI - [The results of supradural and subdural use of surgical glue Chirurcoll-Polfa in experiments with rabbits and dogs]. PMID- 7134497 TI - [Neurosarcoma of the retroperitoneal space]. PMID- 7134498 TI - Studies on (n, alpha) recoils of 6Li and 10B in the reactor UTR-Kinki by gas phase electrodeposition. AB - The energies of recoil particles from (n, alpha) or (n, 2 alpha) reactions of Li and B were investigated by solid state detector and gas phase electrodeposition as previously reported on 228Th series. Nuclear reactor of UTR-Kinki was used as thermal neutron source. Particles from 6Li (n, alpha) 3T and 10B (n, alpha) 7Li were collected on a sheet of triacetate film by gas phase electrodeposition at atmospheric pressure. The film was etched with 6M-NaOH at 50 degrees C. The tracks thus obtained were taken as photographs with a microscope (X600). By counting the number of tracks on the film at various etching times, the energies of alpha-particles were evaluated according to the calibration curve of 227Ac series. Among various peaks of tract density, the two peaks having the evaluated values of 1.85 MeV for 6Li and 1.48 MeV for 10B agreed approximately with the theoretical values of 2.05 MeV and 1.47 MeV of alpha-particle energies for respective reactions. PMID- 7134499 TI - [A new correction method for radionuclide formation in neutron activation analysis using a reactor power meter coupled with a microcomputer]. AB - Neutron flux and irradiation time should be accurately known in neutron activation analysis using very short lived nuclides in which conventional monitoring methods i.e., a comparator method, flux monitor method and so on cannot be used satisfactorily. Especially, fluctuation of neutron flux has not been corrected. We noted a change of reactor power at a pneumatic operation, and found out a new correction method for its correction in activation analysis. In our small nuclear reactor, TRIGA-II, the reactor power increased rapidly a few % when a pneumatic-operated capsule arrived at a core of the reactor, and decreased when the capsule left from the core. If the duration between these two changes of the reactor power is equal to the irradiation time, and that the reactor power is proportional to the neutron flux, we can regard an activity formation as a time integration of the reactor power. Then, the correction system was made of a reactor power meter, a V-F converter (voltage to frequency converter), a clock time, a counter, a microcomputer, electric circuits and so on. The signal of the reactor power during the irradiation was counted through the V-F converter, and was accumulated in a memory of the microcomputer. The neutron fluence was calculated in this microcomputer. This method was examined by means of activation of copper and selenium standard samples by 9-11 sec irradiations. The observed activity involved +/- 10% error. However, the error in the corrected activity was decreased to a few % using this correction method. As a result, we found that this method can be used to obtain accurate value for radionuclide formation. PMID- 7134500 TI - Development of pancreatic glucagon-specific radioimmunoassay with use of synthetic human glucagon (19-29) as immunogen. PMID- 7134501 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of triiodothyronine (T3) by solid phase method--studies of Amerlex T3 RIA kit]. PMID- 7134502 TI - [Fire resistance of radioisotope instruments]. PMID- 7134503 TI - [Current trends in the development and application of sealed radiation sources and isotope gauges in Japan (II)]. PMID- 7134505 TI - [Epiphyseal chondroblastoma. Clinical and anatomo-radiographic aspects]. AB - The clinical radiological and anatomohistological features of fourteen cases of epiphyseal chondroblastoma are described. The seat, origin, and evolution of the tumor are discussed. The diagnosis of the epiphyseal localization is easy, but there are same problems in the differential diagnosis of the epiphyseal metaphyseal of metaphyseal forms. PMID- 7134504 TI - [Vascular tumors of somatic soft tissues: a xerographic evaluation]. AB - The xeroradiographic features of 34 soft tissue vascular tumors, either benign and malignant, were retrospectively evaluated and analyzed. The incidence of the main semeiologic landmarks in benign and malignant lesions was submitted to statistical evaluation. Benign vascular tumors (hemangiomas, lymphangiomas and mixed forms) often appear as irregular nodes with granular or worm-like structure due to the dilatation of small vessels. Lymphangiomas may contain also rounded or ovoid opacities due to the presence of lymphatic cysts. Vascular malignancies (angiosarcomas) are always radiopaque masses, with irregular borders and infiltration of the surrounding structures. Xeroradiography is proposed as a first-line technique for the diagnosis of soft tissue vascular tumors, before more complex and expensive procedures, like CT or arteriography, are undertaken. PMID- 7134506 TI - [Role of CT in the assessment of the spread of gastric carcinoma to the upper abdomen]. PMID- 7134507 TI - [Phlebography of the cavernous and intercavernous sinuses; an investigation complementary to CT detecting intrasellar space-occupying lesions]. AB - The technique of peri-hypophyseal phlebography is briefly described and the theoretical bases that inspire its utilizations and indications are pointed out. On the basis of 20 preliminary cases, the main applications of this investigation are illustrated, with a particular attention concerning the early diagnosis of lesions too small or too dishomogeneous to be detected with certainly on CT (i.e. intrapituitary microadenomas smaller than 5 mm; associated intrasellar lesions as empty sella + pituitary tumor). PMID- 7134508 TI - [Light production from intensifying screens (theoretical and experimental aspects)]. AB - The authors show the results of an experimental study on the light conversion efficiency of the absorbed energy from an incident X-ray beam by different kinds of intensifying screens. They stress that the absolute speed curves drawn for each intensifying screen, express (in the energy range 10 to 100 keV) the light output for an incident X-ray of a certain energy value. In this way, the knowledge of the X-ray tube emission spectra for a fixed kVp allows to forecast with good accuracy, the light output and the emerging spectra from an intensifying screen. They emphasize the importance of the K-edge (K shell electrons binding energy) as a factor affecting the phosphors behaviour both for what concerns the radiation filtration and the light conversion efficiency of the absorbed radiation. PMID- 7134509 TI - [Tangential pendular cobalt-therapy in the management of malignant testis tumors: a clinical evaluation after 14 years' experience]. AB - 129 cases of malignant testis tumors (88 seminoma and 41 carcinomas) treated at Istituto del Radio "O. Alberti" from 1966 to 1979 were statistically reviewed. All patients had inguinal orchiectomy followed by irradiation to iliac and lumbar para-aortic lymph nodes, with an original technique, tangential pendular cobalt therapy, worked out at our Institute in 1966. Results are very good: there is calculated with actuarial method, a 92% of patients with seminoma alive at 5 years and 84% of patients with carcinoma. Earlier or later iatrogenic sequences did not happened. The worth and actuality of tangential pendular cobalt therapy to post-operative irradiation in patients with stage I or II malignant testis tumors is confirmed. PMID- 7134510 TI - [The dosimetry of gynecological curietherapy by means of computed tomography]. AB - The dosimetry of endocavitary curietherapy by means of CT in 15 patients, affected by cancer of the uterine cervix was studied. The results were compared with those obtained by the method of the European Group of Curietherapy. The authors measured the dimensions of the treated volume and the dose at critical points. The good relationship between the 2 methods is demonstrated, and the great possibilities opened by the new method are emphasized. PMID- 7134511 TI - [Case of otocraniofacial and vertebral malformation syndrome. The postnatal evolution of congenital vertebral blocks]. PMID- 7134513 TI - [Multiple abscesses of the bile duct: role of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography in diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 7134512 TI - [Case of postmortem angiocardiography in a patient with a hypoplastic syndrome of the left heart]. PMID- 7134514 TI - [Case of emphysematous pyelonephritis]. PMID- 7134515 TI - [Case of acute kidney failure from focal tubular necrosis and chronic lead nephropathy]. PMID- 7134516 TI - A unique DNA found in post-mitochondrial fractions from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. PMID- 7134517 TI - [Hematologic variables in a sample of school children of northern area of Santiago]. PMID- 7134518 TI - [Normal initial cerebrospinal fluid examination and acute bacterial meningitis]. PMID- 7134519 TI - [Etiology of acute suppurative otitis media in infants]. PMID- 7134520 TI - [Massive hepatic distomatosis]. PMID- 7134521 TI - [Comparative study of the Patri-Sepulveda weight/age tables and weight/height curves with the Sempe, Stuart, WHO and Colombian tables]. PMID- 7134522 TI - [Continuing education in pediatrics]. PMID- 7134523 TI - [Magnitude of the unattendance in secondary prophylaxis of rheumatic fever at the Cardiovascular Polyclinic of the Roberto del Rio Hospital over the period of a year's observation]. PMID- 7134524 TI - [Exclusive natural lactation and associated factors in a peripheral clinic 1981]. PMID- 7134525 TI - [Pathogenesis of acute kidney failure and its relation to the renal physiology in the newborn infant]. PMID- 7134526 TI - [Acute pneumonias caused by Gram-negative organisms]. PMID- 7134527 TI - [Mortality caused by acute renal failure in critically ill patients]. PMID- 7134528 TI - [DNA biosynthesis in the liver of animals bearing extra-hepatic tumors: role of DNA polymerase]. PMID- 7134529 TI - [Effect of age on the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate content of red blood cells]. PMID- 7134530 TI - [Variations in blood levels of T3, T4, and TSH in relation to sex]. PMID- 7134531 TI - [Zinc in patients with chronic renal insufficiency subjected to periodic maintenance hemodialysis]. PMID- 7134532 TI - [Zinc in patients with chronic renal insufficiency subjected to extrarenal depuration technics by peritoneal dialysis]. PMID- 7134534 TI - [Presentation of a case of Ollier's disease]. PMID- 7134533 TI - [Human Yersinia enterocolitica infection. Presentation of 3 cases]. PMID- 7134536 TI - [Peripheral symmetric gangrene. Apropos of a case in a patient on periodic hemodialysis]. PMID- 7134535 TI - [Massive acute right hydrothorax during peritoneal dialysis]. PMID- 7134537 TI - [Brucellar hepatic abscess]. PMID- 7134538 TI - [Sinus arrhythmia caused by sinoauricular block of autonomic origin]. PMID- 7134540 TI - [Stomach cancer mortality in Spain: changes from 1951 to 1977]. PMID- 7134539 TI - [Current considerations on the hypereosinophilia syndrome]. PMID- 7134541 TI - [The cervical column: functional disorders and arthrosis (the neurotic cervical syndrome)]. PMID- 7134542 TI - [Importance of post-exercise gammagraphy using T1-201 in the diagnosis of coronary disease]. PMID- 7134543 TI - [Acute infectious endocarditis after valvular replacement surgery. I. Clinical and etiological study of 949 operated patients]. PMID- 7134544 TI - [Intracranial arteriovenous malformations]. PMID- 7134545 TI - [Eosinophilic granuloma of bone. Comments on a case with an ultramicroscopic study]. PMID- 7134546 TI - [Pulmonary edema following re-expansion of pneumothorax]. PMID- 7134547 TI - [Pulmonary histoplasmosis. 2 radiological findings]. PMID- 7134548 TI - [Hypereosinophilic syndrome associated with bone - connective tissue malformations. Contribution to the clinical description of a rare entity]. PMID- 7134549 TI - [Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Half a century of polemics]. PMID- 7134550 TI - [Infectious arthritis]. PMID- 7134551 TI - [Blood levels of thyroid hormones in the elderly]. PMID- 7134552 TI - [Neurosis and palpitations]. PMID- 7134553 TI - [Monoarthritis and oligoarthritis in an emergency service]. PMID- 7134554 TI - [Effects of sucrose ingestion on calciuria and other urinary constituents in renal lithiasis patients and in asymptomatic relatives]. PMID- 7134555 TI - [Total body opacification in the study of the tumorous liver]. PMID- 7134556 TI - [Werner syndrome: clinical and immunological aspects in 2 brothers]. PMID- 7134558 TI - [Diabetic nephropathy. Incidence and current therapy]. PMID- 7134557 TI - [Bronchopulmonary cancer in our environment. Apropos of 72 cases]. PMID- 7134559 TI - [Post-traumatic acute renal insufficiency. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7134560 TI - [Breakthrough bacteremia and osteomyelitis caused by Yersinia enterocolitica]. PMID- 7134562 TI - [Ionizing radiation. Exposure, pathological effects and protection]. PMID- 7134561 TI - [Arteriomesenteric ileus in a child]. PMID- 7134563 TI - [Ionizing radiation. Health effects of low doses]. PMID- 7134564 TI - [The natural sources of ionizing radiation exposure]. PMID- 7134565 TI - [Current status of the irradiation of the French population due to medical radiodiagnostic practice]. PMID- 7134567 TI - [The radiological impact of the French nuclear program (PWR) in 1990]. PMID- 7134566 TI - [Exposure of industrial origin. Transfer to the environment]. AB - The purpose of this paper is to show how to assess the consequences of gaseous and liquid releases. The following points are studied successively: --atmospheric dispersion and depletion process, in order to evaluate wet and dry deposition; - marine diffusion in order to evaluate the contamination of aquatic products; - the different models permitting to assess the contamination of vegetal and animal products; --the models used for the doses calculations resulting from external exposure due to the plume or the deposit. The calculation of the individual and collective effective dose equivalents is presented for each pathway to man. PMID- 7134568 TI - [Technico-economic evaluation of radiologic protection. Methodological aspects]. PMID- 7134569 TI - [Role of 2 international agencies (U.S.C.E.A.R. and I.C.R.P.) in radiologic protection]. PMID- 7134570 TI - [Obstetric anesthesia with thiopental and its impact on bilirubinemia in newborn infants]. PMID- 7134572 TI - [2 years in the life of a recovery room: experience at the Clinica Puerta de Hierro in Madrid]. PMID- 7134571 TI - [Analgesia in cesarean sections: its impact on the newborn infant in the presence or absence of naloxone]. PMID- 7134573 TI - [Accidental catheterization of the left pericardiophrenic vein]. PMID- 7134574 TI - [Horner syndrome following epidural anesthesia]. PMID- 7134575 TI - [Motor and postural manifestations of temporal lobe epilepsy seizure]. AB - This study reports on 73 epileptic seizures (in 36 patients) originating in the temporal lobe (stereo-EEG) presenting motor or postural signs. Motor symptoms occur rarely in the early phase of seizures (less than 10% of our series) and they are exceptional during spontaneous seizures. The critical electrical discharge always affects extra-temporal structures such as the rolandic operculum, the cingulate gyrus, etc. The occurrence of motor symptoms during the late phase of seizures is associated with a long duration of the critical discharge and, again, with the involvement of extra-temporal structures. The characteristics of the associated clinical signs (e.g., frequent loss of contact with the environment, relatively rare oroalimentary automatic activities), together with the high frequency of secondary 'generalizations' are consistent with the stereo-EEG findings and indicate that these seizures also affect extra temporal regions. PMID- 7134576 TI - [Myoclonus in prolonged coma]. PMID- 7134577 TI - [Evoked somatosensory cerebral potentials from the lower limb in newborn infants and infants]. AB - In 26 babies, from 1 day to 3 months old, the somatosensory scalp potentials (SEPs) were evoked by electrical stimulation of the tibialis posterior nerve. No reproducible response in any location was obtained in 6 cases. In the other 20 cases, the initial wave was positive in 18 cases, with a peak latency at about 35 msec (P36) but the initial latency differed according to the location of the electrodes on the midline and to the baby. In a systematic topographical study, P36 was found to be variable in its distribution and its latency without correlation, whether with the baby's age, size, physiological state or intensity of stimulation. Our results are compared with SEPs obtained from the lower limb in adults and from the upper limb in children. PMID- 7134578 TI - [Evoked somatosensory potentials of the trigeminal nerve in man--initial results]. PMID- 7134580 TI - [Myotonia and muscular weakness corrected by exercise--clinical and EMG study apropos of a case]. PMID- 7134579 TI - [Effects of strict control of blood sugar by an artificial pancreas on nerve conduction velocity in diabetics]. AB - This study concerned 13 patients with diabetes mellitus who, although under insulin therapy treatment, had poor control of their diabetes. Motor conduction velocity (MCV) in the peroneal, ulnar and median nerves, sensory conduction velocity (SVC) of the median nerve and sensory potential amplitude (SPA) of the median nerve were determined immediately before and after 24 h of strict control of blood glucose by an artificial pancreas. A significant increase in the MCV of the ulnar nerve (P less than 0.01) and in the SCV of the median nerve (P less than 0.05) was found. This acute improvement led us to presume that repair of anatomic lesions would be extremely unlikely. Only a metabolic disturbance due to hyperglycemia can be rapidly corrected. This metabolite alteration may be held partly responsible for the slowing of nerve conduction in diabetes. No significant difference was noted in the MCV of the peroneal nerve and of the median nerve and the SPA of the median nerve. This suggests that advanced degenerative lesions are present in these nerves particularly in the lower limbs. Such lesions cannot be rapidly reversed by metabolic control. PMID- 7134581 TI - [Paraneoplastic neuromuscular manifestations--apropos of a case presenting successively a picture of myotonia, then myasthenia with myositis 4 years before the diagnosis of a colonic neoplasm]. PMID- 7134582 TI - [Role of the lateral pterygoid muscle in mandibular movements]. AB - The two bundles, superior and inferior, of the lateral pterygoid muscle were studied by EMG and integrated EMG during various movements of the mandible in 36 children and 2 adults. At the same time, the EMG of other masticatory muscles was also recorded. The functional specialization of the two bundles is expressed by different levels of recruitment: In the inferior bundle (pterygo-condylian,) electrical activity is stronger in the movements of opening, antepulsion and controlaterality. In the superior bundle (spheno-meniscal), activity is stronger in the movements of occlusion and retraction. Thus the inferior bundle principally has a function of stabilization of the temporomandibular joint. PMID- 7134583 TI - [Electrophysiological study of 2 cases of polyneuritis induced by a combination of n-hexane-methylethyl ketone]. PMID- 7134584 TI - [Modification of EEG activity following subarachnoid injection of metrizamide prospective study of 92 cases]. PMID- 7134585 TI - [Complications of heart catheterization. Study of 2000 consecutive patients]. PMID- 7134586 TI - [Changes in ischemic cardiopathy mortality in Spain (1968-76)]. PMID- 7134587 TI - [Quantitative angiography of the left ventricle in children. II. Pathological values in congenital acyanotic cardiopathies]. PMID- 7134589 TI - [Location of the geometric center of the left ventricle and its applications in quantitative angiocardiography]. PMID- 7134588 TI - [Value of the ajmaline test in the detection of intermittent AV block]. PMID- 7134590 TI - [Axial angiocardiography in tetralogy of Fallot]. PMID- 7134591 TI - [Treatment of atrial fibrillation in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome using ajmaline and quinidine]. PMID- 7134592 TI - [Left coronary-right atrial fistula]. PMID- 7134593 TI - [Isolated idiopathic chylopericardium. Diagnosis and treatment apropos of a case]. PMID- 7134594 TI - [Criss-cross heart. Angiographic analysis of a new case]. PMID- 7134595 TI - [Esophageal achalasia. Results of surgical treatment in 50 cases]. PMID- 7134596 TI - [Termino-lateral esophago-jejunal anastomosis with a defunctionalized poop: technic of choice in total amplified gastrectomy]. PMID- 7134597 TI - [Stomach cancer. Analysis of the provincial distribution of our cases with etiological considerations and a proposal for a prospective study]. PMID- 7134598 TI - [Ultrasonics and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Correlation in biliopancreatic pathology]. PMID- 7134599 TI - [Necrosing ischemic colitis. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 7134600 TI - [Ampullomas. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 7134601 TI - [Chylothorax and the pathology of the lymphatic pleura]. AB - The diagnosis of chylous effusions of the pleura hardly poses any problems if one carefully differentiates the true chylothorax rich in triglycerides from chylous effusions rich in cholesterol and poor in triglycerides. The pathology of chylothorax requires a double breach of both thoracic duct and pleura. The causes are dominated by complications of thoracic surgery direct trauma, closed chest injuries and malignant mediastinal tumours. Other rarer causes raise the difficult problem of the spontaneous chylothorax. Even the idea of an idiopathic chylothorax is controversial and makes one suspect the rupture of a previously fragile thoracic duct, following apparently minimal trauma. Treatment is not yet standardised but requires strict rest, and a medium chain triglyceride diet, correction of fluid and electrolyte balance and careful nutrition. Surgery, generally delayed for a few weeks, may lead to the repair of a lymphatic leak, localised by a biological tracer or a contrast material; sometimes only a ligature at the base of the thoracic duct will dry up the effusion. The prognosis still remains mediocre and is dominated by the cause, notably when this is a tumour and also by the localised or diffuse character of the lymphatic disturbance. PMID- 7134602 TI - [Massive haemothorax during haemodialysis in a child]. AB - A massive haemothorax occurring acutely during haemodialysis in a child of 8 1/2 years is reported. The pleural effusion occurred synchronously with a round, dense shadow in the parenchyma similar to an intra-pulmonary haematoma. The density became bullous in six weeks and disappeared in three months. The suggested cause of this haemothorax is a pulmonary embolism whose site of origin was the arteriovenous fistula. This would have been responsible for the adjacent pleural and parenchymal haemorrhage in the lung. The heparin given intravenously at the beginning of the haemodialysis session probably contributed to the size of the haemorrhage. PMID- 7134603 TI - [Bacteriology of bronchial secretions. Proposals for a practical attitude in bacterial respiratory tract infections]. AB - The inadequacy of the standard bacteriological method in the study of expectorations is unanimously accepted. Oropharyngeal contamination of specimens largely explains why this examination is a poor index of the causative organisms in bacterial respiratory infections. In a mixed clinical situation with few or non-specific signs of bacterial infection and of variable severity, the physician should answer two questions: 1) Is it a bacterial infection? 2) What is the causative organism? and their corollary: 1) Should one prescribe an antibiotic? 2) Which one? Only culture of blood or pleural fluid allow an accurate reply to these questions in about 50% of cases and they are the indispensable investigations of reference. Initial efforts undertaken to improve the standard examination of expectorations never overcome the stumbling block of oro pharyngeal contaminations. The bacterial count of expectorated bacteria, a non traumatic method, represents some real progress. In 50% of cases it enables a predominant pathogen to be identified before any antibiotics are given. Bronchoscopy diminishes contamination, allows direct sampling and the inspection and biopsying of bronchial mucosal lesions and aids drainage in very suppurative disorders. Trans-tracheal puncture avoids oropharyngeal contamination in the majority of cases and appears to provide reliable results much more often. A pragmatic approach is recommended according to the clinical picture. Bronchial and limited alveolar infections which are well tolerated, heal without exception on blind antibiotic therapy. In suppurating infections (bronchiectasis, cavitating pneumonias), the yield and the reliability of the examinations are increased. Serious bacterial infections, by their extent or by their site, justify a more aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic attitude. It should be stressed, however, that death caused by inadequate antibiotic therapy remains the exception when one or two successive courses of antibiotics have been prescribed for the pathogens presumed responsible according to the clinical picture or found after one or more bacterial examinations. PMID- 7134604 TI - [Continuous non-invasive monitoring in respiratory resuscitation]. AB - Non-invasive methods of monitoring have two principal objectives: --the detection of vital problems requiring immediate treatment : reflex monitoring or type I; - continuous surveillance, as sophisticated as possible, of a large number of parameters which help to predict the outcome either spontaneously or as a result of treatment. These two objectives are reached in different ways according to whether the patients are or are not artificially ventilated. At present it seems that the best compromise between cost, ease of operation, reproducibility and non invasiveness are obtained by the following techniques: --type I Monitoring (reflex) in patients artificially ventilated : pressure or spirometric alarm; if spontaneously breathing : electrical impedance or simple E.C.G.; --type II Monitoring (or reflection) in patients on ventilators : study of expired CO2, careful analysis of pressure curves, compliance; for those breathing spontaneously : PO2 and PCO2 picked up transcutaneously and possibly impedance of the lungs separately. PMID- 7134606 TI - [Case-finding in diseases of the small airways]. PMID- 7134605 TI - [Continuation of the azygos vein with agenesis of the inferior vena cave]. AB - The authors present a case of agenesis of the inferior vena cava, above the kidneys, with deviation of the venous blood into a very dilated azygos vein. This anomaly is shown on a P.A. chest film by an opacity in the right tracheobronchial angle corresponding to the azygos prominence. the existence of an anastomosis between the azygos vein and the right auricle by the supra hepatic veins is demonstrated. The authors review the normal radiology of the azygos vein and the radiological approach necessary for the diagnosis of this malformation. In this study the CT scanner is the investigation of first choice, before cavography which demonstrates the associated venous anomalies. This anomaly is latent and therapeutic intervention is not required, but it is important to recognise it on a chest radiograph. PMID- 7134607 TI - [Chronobiology in present-day medicine]. PMID- 7134608 TI - [Broncho-pneumopathy and antibiotics]. PMID- 7134609 TI - [Arsenic poisoning]. PMID- 7134610 TI - [Effects of diet therapy on the pattern of weight gain in diabetic pregnancy]. PMID- 7134611 TI - [Does echocardiography take the place of "invasive" examinations?]. PMID- 7134612 TI - Colorectal cancer. Recent trends. PMID- 7134613 TI - Colorectal cancer. PMID- 7134614 TI - Colorectal cancer. Surgery. PMID- 7134615 TI - Colorectal cancer. Chemotherapy. PMID- 7134616 TI - Colorectal cancer. Prospects in management. PMID- 7134617 TI - Colorectal cancer. Relevance of colonic mucosal inflammation to aetiology. PMID- 7134618 TI - Colorectal cancer. Genetic factors. PMID- 7134619 TI - Colorectal cancer. Pathology and natural history. PMID- 7134622 TI - [Wheelchairs-Forsaken by research and development?]. AB - Research and development in the area of wheelchair design has almost come to a standstill in the post-WW II period. The project outlined in this paper has considered technical-functional aspects, handling characteristics, recent ergonomic findings, as well as semantic functions, and translated these into exemplary solutions. The concept of an indoor wheelchair with a limited range of outdoor uses is determined by the unit construction principle (seating and frame). The chair has a firm upholstered seat with the backrest being adjustable to individual needs by means of a gas compression spring (working/resting positions). The seat folds and can be detached from the frame. The frame, too, is collapsible by means of a folding mechanism. Armrests are adjustable in height to individual needs. A special alternative has been developed for elderly persons where specific requirements and needs had to be accommodated. PMID- 7134621 TI - [Survey of rehabilitation facilities with psychologic and therapeutic services in the Federal Republic of Germany]. AB - Rehabilitation facilities (N=110) in the Federal Republic of Germany had been surveyed in order primarily to take stock of the psychological/psychotherapeutical services available for treatment in various disorders. The numbers of psychologists employed are shown to vary with the diagnostic groups served by the respective institutions. Facilities in the field of child and adolescent psychiatry, for the care of disabled person, and of persons with dependence problems are much better provided with psychologists than are facilities in the fields of psychiatry, neurology, and internal medicine. The same picture is found as regards the patients/psychologist ratios applicable in the different facilities. Preference of certain psychotherapeutical models (behavioural therapy, client-centered psychotherapy, psychoanalysis) varies with facility type. Especially noteworthy is an apparent predominance of inpatient services as opposed to outpatients models of service delivery. This fact is an indication of insufficient availability of follow-up care. Finally, various curricular aspects of the professional training of psychologists are outlined in relation to the recently established specialty of rehabilitation psychology. PMID- 7134620 TI - Colorectal cancer. Radiological assessment. PMID- 7134623 TI - Compensatory renal hypertrophy in Sprague-Dawley rats: glomerular ultrafiltration dynamics. AB - The factors responsible for the increase in glomerular filtration rate associated with compensatory hypertrophy in Sprague-Dawley rats were studied 2 weeks following uninephrectomy. In sham-operated rats, the single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) was 40 nl/min and the calculated glomerular plasma flow (GPF) was 138 nl/min. Proximal intratubular free-flow (PT) and stop-flow (PSF) hydrostatic pressures were 12 and 34 mm/Hg, respectively. The estimated glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure (PGC) was 49 mm Hg and the estimated efferent effective ultrafiltration pressure (PUFEA) was 12 mm Hg, indicatng filtration pressure disequilibrium. The specific ultrafiltration coefficient was calculated to be 0.039 nl/s . mm Hg per glomerulus. In uninephrectomized rats, SNGFR increased to 61 nl/min and the calculated GPF increased to 266 nl/min. PT was 12 mm Hg; PGCe was 49 mm Hg and PUFEA was 15 mm Hg. Kf was calculated to be 0.053 nl/s . mm Hg per glomerulus. These data indicate that in Sprague-Dawley rats under conditions of filtration pressure disequilibrium, the increase in GFR associated with compensatory hypertrophy is in part related to a significant change in Kf. PMID- 7134624 TI - The association of renal infarcts with carotid artery catheters used for clearance studies. PMID- 7134625 TI - Glutathione-S-transferase and GSH-peroxidase activities during the state of GSH depletion leading to lipid peroxidation in rat liver. AB - Depletion of hepatic glutathione (GSH) in phenobarbital-induced rats by phorone (diisopropylidene acetone; 0.25 g/kg i.p.) or vinylidene chloride (VDC; 0.5 g/kg i.p.) led to an enhanced lipid peroxidation in vitro as evidenced by the measurements of malondialdehyde and conjugated dienes. During this state of GSH depletion inducing lipid peroxidation no significant alterations in the activity of hepatic GSH-peroxidase were observed whereas the GSH-S-transferase activities towards an aryl substrate (CDNB) and an epoxide substrate (1,2-epoxy(p nitrophenoxy)propane) significantly decreased under the treatments with VDC. The GSH-reductase activity was significantly reduced after treatment with either agent. These results clearly indicate 1st, that GSH-S-transferases are involved in the conjugation of GSH to VDC, 2nd, that GSH peroxidase remains unaffected during lipid peroxidation induced by GSH-depletion as a consequence of treatment with phorone or VDC, and 3rd, that the availability of reduced GSH may be decreased further under these conditions due to the lower content of glutathione reductase. PMID- 7134626 TI - Transport of L-cysteine and reduced glutathione through biological membranes. AB - Comparative studies were carried out on in vivo and in situ absorption in rats and in vitro uptake by red cells of L-cysteine (CySH) and reduced glutathione (GSH). After oral administration of CySH, the plasma and liver CySH levels and liver GSH level significantly increased, but the plasma GSH level did not. In contrast to the results with CySH, when GSH given orally at a dose equivalent to that of CySH either on a weight or molar base, no increase in the levels of GSH was observed at either dose level. In a rat small intestine recirculation system in situ, CySH added to the recirculation perfusate disappeared progressively with time from the perfusate, indicating that transportation occurred across the intestinal wall, but with GSH such disappearance was not observed. CySH was taken up well by rabbit erythrocytes in vitro, but GSH was not. It was concluded, therefore, that CySH passes through biological membranes and serves as a good source of SH groups, whereas GSH is ineffective when given orally because of its poor absorption from the digestive tract and/or poor ability to permeate through the membrane. PMID- 7134627 TI - The effect of organic copper complexes on the glutathione status of the liver of fed and rats starved for 24 hours. AB - Starving rats for 24 hours causes the GSH values of the liver to fall by about 2.0 mumol/g of liver and the mixed disulphide values to rise by about the same amount. Total glutathione remains unchanged. Readily permeable organic copper complexes with superoxide-dismutating properties are capable of partially reversing these starvation-induced changes. 5 minutes after intraportal administration of 1.6 micrograms of Cu succinate per 260 g of rat, the GSH value of starved animals has risen from 5.12 mumols/g of liver to 5.94 mumols, and the mixed disulphide value has fallen from 3.64 mumols of GSH equivalents/g of liver to 2.75 mumols. 1.6 micrograms of Cu indomethacine administered by the same route cause a subsequent rise in GSH of 0.83 mumol/g of liver and a drop in the mixed disulphide value of 0.80 mumol of GSH equivalents. Cu salicylate and Cu aspirinate exhibit somewhat milder effects of the same type. In contrast, Cu tyrosine causes a slight drop in GSH in starved animals. None of these treatments have any effect on the glutathione parameters in animals which have been fed. It is proposed that a starvation-induced increase in the stationary O(2) equilibrium concentration probably occurs. Superoxide radicals shift the redox status of glutathione in the direction of the disulphides. This situation can be partly reversed by intraportal administration of organic copper complexes.U PMID- 7134628 TI - The use of a new radioactive-iodine labeled lipid marker to follow in vivo disposition of liposomes: comparison with an encapsulated aqueous space marker. AB - The in vivo disposition of multilamellar liposomes extruded at 0.6 micrometers (PC/DPPA/CH/ alpha-T = 4:1:5:0.1 molar ratio) when injected i.v. into mice has been examined utilizing a novel iodinatable phospholipid derivative as a lipid phase marker (p-hydroxybenzamidine phosphatidylethanolamine: 125I-BPE) and compared to that using 14C-inulin as an aqueous phase marker. At times up to 5 h post-dose the disposition of both markers was essentially identical with the exception of blood and intestine, where 125I-BPE levels were consistently higher than 14C-inulin levels. At time intervals from 5-72 h post-dose 125I-BPE levels in all the organs examined were lower than those of 14C-inulin. These differences in the behaviour of the two labels may be explained in terms of exchange of the iodinated lipids, excretion of released inulin and long term metabolism of the lipid marker. We conclude tha 125I-BPE is a useful marker for following liposome disposition in short-term studies particularly in view of the easily quantifiable nature of gamma-radioactivity which obviates the need for sample preparation. PMID- 7134629 TI - Effect of phenobarbital on cytoplasmic and nuclear distribution of 3H-arginine in rat liver. AB - Rat liver derived from animals receiving phenobarbital (80 mg/kg intraperitoneally) exhibited an increase in the cytoplasmic concentration of radioactive amino acid (initially injected as arginine) as early as 1 hour after the injection. This increase in uptake resulted in an unequal distribution of the radioactivity between the cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments; while other organelles retained their normal (per cent) allotment of the radioactivity. The cytoplasmic and nucleoplasmic protein profiles from gel chromatography show quantitative changes that may be due to increased synthesis and migration of a cytoplasmic protein to the nucleus where its nuclear function remains to be examined more thoroughly. PMID- 7134630 TI - Effects of pepstatin on reducing hypoxia-induced injury in the isolated guniea pig heart. AB - Intracellular cathepsin D is thought to play a role in myocardial injury produced by ischemia and hypoxia. Pepstatin, a known inhibitor of cathepsin D, was infused into isolated guniea pig hearts (Langendorff preparation) in order to observe if such an administration of pepstatin would protect against the effects of a two minute exposure to hypoxia. Hypoxia was produced by exposing the hearts to perfusion fluid aerated with 20% 02/5% CO2/75% N2 and containing 0.5 microgram/ml of norepinephrine. Contractile force, heart rate, coronary flow and ECG were monitored. Samples of heart tissue were assayed for cathepsin D activity. Infusion of 0.06 mg/min of pepstatin for 30 minutes produced no significant alterations in the parameters of cardiac function studied. However, this amount of pepstatin inhibited 97% of the cathepsin D activity of the hearts. The characteristics ECG alterations produced by hypoxia were significantly reduced after infusion of pepstatin. These data indicate that pepstatin may protect the heart against hypoxia-induced injury. PMID- 7134631 TI - Effect of hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidase activities in rats pretreated with Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton. AB - Hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidase activities such as aniline hydroxylase and aminopyrine demethylase activities decreased to about 50% of the control levels 1 day after i.v. injection of 4.0 mg/kg Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (N-CWS) to rats. These levels recovered gradually, and returned to almost the same levels as the control 6 days after injection. Cytochrome P-450 content and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity showed almost the same temporal changes as the mixed-function oxidase activities; cytochrome b5 content ws less affected than the others by the treatment. The enzyme activities and contents decreased less 1 and 3 days after i.v. injection of 0.4 and 0.04 mg/kg N-CWS than after the 4.0 mg/kg injection. These levels recovered gradually as well as the 4.0 mg/kg group. Three days after i.p., s.c. and p.o administration of 4.0 mg/kg N-CWS to rats, aniline hydroxylase activity and cytochrome b5 content decreased significantly to 82 and 92% of the control, respectively, in the s.c. pretreated group, but the others did not change significantly. PMID- 7134633 TI - Further studies on the interaction of ethanol and nicotine in the pregnant rat. AB - Because alcohol and cigarette smoking are considered to be deleterious to the fetus, the combined effect of ethanol and nicotine during pregnancy was investigated. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats receiving a liquid alcohol diet at moderate dose-levels from gestational day 1 through 12, and a continuous subcutaneous infusion of nicotine from gestational day 6 through 12, revealed no significant reproductive and developmental disturbances. PMID- 7134632 TI - The antischistosomal activity of oltipraz. AB - Administration of a single oral dose of oltipraz (5-(2-pyrazinyl)-4 methyl-1,2 dithiol-3-thione) to mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni resulted in the elimination of the parasites. Oltipraz is a slow-acting drug and approximately 2 months are required until its full schistosomicidal effect becomes evident. One of the earliest effects of the drug is a reduction of the glutathione stores of the worms. The antischistosomal activity of oltipraz is lowered when drug metabolism is stimulated by pretreatment with phenobarbital or butyl hydroxyanisole (BHA). By contrast, administration of L-cysteine is synergistic with the antischistosomal effect of oltipraz. Evaluation of a limited number of oltipraz analogs revealed among dithiolthiones rather stringent structural requirements for antischistosomal activity. PMID- 7134634 TI - Experimental studies of reflux esophagitis following total gastrectomy in rats pathogenesis and treatment. AB - Reflux esophagitis was successfully produced in all rats operated on by total gastrectomy and esophagojejunostomy. Its histopathological features comprised erosion and ulceration associated with inflammatory cell infiltration, with hyperplasia of the mucosal epithelium in some animals. These rats were dosed with sodium polyacrylate for protecting the mucosal surface, underwent jejunal diversion for preventing the reflux of digestive juice, or were treated with both in combination, to observe the repairing status of the esophageal ulcer, using the ratio of the length of the regenerated epithelium in the ulcer to the length of the ulcer as the index for the degree of repair. The oral ingestion of 5% sodium polyacrylate solution in drinking water proved the most effective means of administration of this agent. The repair was more improved greater in the group undergoing jejunal diversion, and was greatest in the group receiving both in combination. From these findings, oral administration of a mucosal surface protector, sodium polyacrylate, is an effective therapeutic regiment in mild cases of reflux esophagitis following total gastrectomy, as well as elimination of the cause by diversion of the route in severe cases. The combination of the two therapies will probably by the most effective therapeutic means for this disease. PMID- 7134635 TI - Release of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and gastrin after a test meal with a low glucose load in patients after BII resection, proximal duodenopancreatectomy (PDP) and jejunoileal bypass. AB - The response of serum gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), serum gastrin, and blood glucose to a mixed liquid test meal with a low glucose load was measured in seven controls, in each of five patients after B II resection and proximal duodenopancreatectomy (PDP), and in three patients after jejunoileal bypass. The gastrin and glucose levels behaved as expected. However, in contrast to previously published data with higher glucose loads the integrated GIP response was slightly decreased after BII resection and significantly decreased not only after jejunoileal bypass but also after PDP. Subsequently we studied postprandial GIP release after test meals containing a low and a high glucose load in each of three controls and three patients after PDP. The results confirm a discrepant behavior of GIP release in dependence on the glucose content of the test meal after PDP compared to the controls. The hypothesis is discussed that these results reflect a special dose-effect relationship between glucose and GIP release in man. PMID- 7134636 TI - Protective effects of verapamil against isoprenaline- induced mobilization of mitochondrial calcium and cellular lipid droplets in the myocardium. AB - Calcium level and lipid droplets accumulation is studied in the mouse myocardium of animals receiving a single injection of isoprenaline (ISP), of animals receiving ISP after 4-8 days of pretreatment with verapamil (Isoptin), and, of control animals. The animals are sacrificed 4h after the ISP-injection. Calcium is determined in isolated mitochondria and in whole tissue homogenates by atomic absorption spectrometry. Lipid droplets accumulation is analysed by quantitative stereological technique. Mitochondrial calcium is raised by 65% and calcium of whole tissue homogenates by 21% following ISP stimulation. At the same time, the myocardial fractional volume occupied by lipid droplets in the ISP treated animals increases to 14 times that of control. The ISP stimulated elevation of mitochondrial calcium is reduced by 73% and that of lipid fractional volume by 71% after pretreatment with verapamil. No similar reduction of calcium content is observed in the whole tissue homogenates. These results are discussed in terms of the role of Ca2+ in ISP induced myocardial necrosis. PMID- 7134637 TI - Effects of prolonged cold injury on the subcutaneous microcirculation of the hamster. I. Technique, morphology and tissue oxygenation. AB - An animal model is described allowing for direct measurements of local tissue PO2, microhemodynamics and vascular density in the event of a prolonged non freezing cold injury. The model consists of implanting a transparent skin fold chamber in the dorsal skin fold in hamsters and of inserting two permanent indwelling catheters in jugular vein and carotid artery, respectively. The microcirculation was studied using a Wild Photomacroscope for photography and a platinum multiwire electrode for measurements of local PO2 in the conscious animal. After 72 h of recovery from anesthesia and surgery, the experimental was started with the animal immobilized. The decrease of local s.c. temperature was achieved by perfusing a heat exchanger with distilled H2O and Isopropanol 70% (1:1) at a rate of 81/min with the heat exchanger located directly beneath the aluminium frame of the chamber. With this technique, a decrease in local tissue temperature from 28 degrees C to 15 degrees C could be obtained within 15 min and was kept constant for 60 min. After photography of the microcirculation and local PO2-measurements, the local temperature was further reduced to 5 degrees C with 15 min. Sixty minutes later, the area exposed was slowly rewarmed from a level of 5 degrees C within 30 min. This procedure was repeated in intervals of 24 h over a period of five days. During the course of the experiments, local PO2 values shifted toward hypoxic or even anoxic values. Intravital microscopic observation revealed aggregate formation, stasis and obstruction of capillary flow associated with pronounced tissue anoxia after five cold exposures. This event resulted inevitably in tissue necrosis and scar formation after seven consecutive exposures to cold. It is concluded that this model can be used to study the effects of local non freezing cold injury in a precisely reproducible manner. PMID- 7134638 TI - Effect of anthelmintic treatment of ewes at parturition and lambs at weaning on the build up of Haemonchus contortus populations in lambs in the Netherlands. AB - In two groups of ewes and lambs, grazing pastures which were used respectively by calves and sheep in the previous year, infection with Haemonchus contortus was virtually prevented by a single treatment of the ewes with fenbendazole before turning out. In another group, grazing a pasture which was not grazed in the previous year, a delay of approximately eight weeks in the build up of high H contortus burdens in lambs was obtained by this treatment, compared with a group of untreated ewes grazing similar pasture. In two groups of lambs treated with fenbendazole at weaning and subsequently grazed on pastures which could be considered free or almost free of H contortus respectively, the build up of high pasture infectivity levels for H contortus also took at least six to eight weeks. It is suggested that treatment of ewes at parturition and lambs at weaning might delay the build up of high H contortus burdens in the lambs by less than the six to eight weeks observed in these experiments when such treatment is less than 100 per cent effective. PMID- 7134639 TI - Preparation of an isolated cutaneous infusion in sheep. PMID- 7134640 TI - Effects of praziquantel and metrifonate on Schistosoma bovis infections in Sudanese cattle. AB - Twelve nine-month-old zebu calves were each experimentally infected with 10,000 Schistosoma bovis cercariae. Four were treated orally with 20 mg/kg praziquantel at weeks 9 and 14 after infection, and four were treated orally three times with metrifonate at week 11 (25 mg/kg) and again at week 14 (50 mg/kg). Praziquantel proved to be highly effective, reducing faecal egg counts near to zero; the mean live worm count in the treated calves at week 16 was only 32, compared to 2850 in the untreated group, a reduction of 98.9 per cent. In contrast, metrifonate treatment caused only a very short-lived, partial reduction in faecal egg counts, and no reduction in live worm counts. PMID- 7134641 TI - Multiple avian influenza infection: selection of a non-avid virus by a heterologous avian host. AB - Experimental infection of domestic fowl, ducks and geese with an influenza A virus (H7N2) isolated from a domestic duck showed that this virus was apathogenic for these poultry. A second virus (H6N2), also apathogenic and more 'non-avid' than any such isolates previously recognised in surveillance of domestic poultry in Hong Kong, was isolated from one goose after H7N2 shedding had ceased. This goose, in effect, acted as a selective isolation system for the H6N2 virus whose presence in the field isolate could not be detected in spite of multiple passage in embryonated eggs. PMID- 7134642 TI - Immunisation of lambs against Echinococcus granulosus using antigens obtained by incubation of oncospheres in vitro. PMID- 7134643 TI - Arterial and venous ammonia concentrations in the diagnosis of canine hepato encephalopathy. AB - Fasting venous ammonia concentrations were measured in 105 dogs with liver disease. In 69 of these patients and in 38 normal dogs simultaneous arterial and venous ammonia concentrations were measured. In patients with liver disease ammonia values were significantly higher in arterial blood than in venous blood, therefore arterial measurements are preferable for clinical diagnosis. A significant positive correlation was demonstrated between arterial or venous concentrations and the degree of hepato-encephalopathy. In an individual patient, however, the fasting ammonia concentration is an unreliable indicator of the degree of encephalopathy. Elevated ammonia values confirm the diagnosis of hepato encephalopathy, but normal levels do not exclude it. A strong correlation was found between the existence of encephalopathy and the presence of portosystemic collateral circulation. PMID- 7134644 TI - Rectal ammonia tolerance test in the evaluation of portal circulation in dogs with liver disease. AB - An ammonia tolerance test (ATT) is described in control dogs and in patients affected by liver disease with or without portosystemic collateral circulation. The administration of a 5 per cent ammonium chloride solution rectally proved to be preferable to oral administration. A statistically significant difference was shown between the results of the ATT in patients with and those without portal shunts, but not between control dogs and patients without portal collateral circulation. A simplified ATT is proposed in which venous ammonia determinations are made before and 20 and 40 minutes after rectal administration of 5 per cent ammonium chloride solution at a dose of 2 ml/kg bodyweight. PMID- 7134645 TI - Demonstration of acid alpha naphthyl acetate esterase activity in bovine lymphocytes and monocytes or macrophages. AB - Nonspecific acid alpha naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) activity has been demonstrated in bovine lymphocytes and monocytes-macrophages. The lymphocytes exhibited a solitary reddish brown globular reaction adjacent to the cell membrane (T-pattern) whereas the monocytes-macrophages revealed a diffuse reddish brown cytoplasmic reaction (M-pattern) product. Cytocentrifuge smears of lymphocytes forming rosettes with sheep erythrocytes also revealed T-pattern ANAE reaction in the majority of the cells. Similar T- and M-patterns of ANAE activity were observed in cryostat sections of biopsies collected from normal bovine lymph nodes and horn cancer tissue sections from bullocks. PMID- 7134646 TI - Ultrastructural and biochemical effects of staphylotoxin on alveoli isolated from rat mammary gland. PMID- 7134647 TI - Ultrastructural changes in the nasal turbinate bones of pigs in early infection with Bordetella bronchiseptica. AB - The ultrastructural changes in the turbinates of young pigs killed four, seven, 14 and 28 days after intranasal inoculation (dpi) with Bordetella bronchiseptica were restricted to osteoblasts. In a few cells irregularities and evagination of the nuclear membrane were associated with enlargement of the Golgi apparatus at four dpi. By seven dpi many osteoblasts had these changes and also a dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum while mitochondria retained normal definition: an amorphous degeneration occurred within the enlarged Golgi apparatus. These features had progressed at 14 and 28 dpi to produce shrunken osteoblasts with small, irregular nuclei, a grossly distended endoplasmic reticulum, absent or degenerate Golgi apparatus, but apparently intact mitochondria. At this stage the numbers of osteoid fibres were greatly reduced and macroscopic hypoplasia of the turbinates was observed. PMID- 7134648 TI - Disc electrophoresis of phenol:acetic acid:water-soluble proteins for the identification of Yersinia species. AB - Disc electrophoresis of phenol:acetic acid:water extracts of Yersinia pestis, Y produced pseudotuberculosis, Y enterocolitica, Y philomiragia and Y ruckeri protein separation patterns characteristic of each species. The patterns produced by Y pestis, Y pseudotuberculosis, Y enterocolitica and Y ruckeri showed features in common. Those given by Y philomiragia strains were quite distinctive and showed little similarity to the other Yersinia species. All Y enterocolitica strains produced similar patterns irrespective of biochemical properties. Strains classified as Y intermedia or Y enterocolitica-like produced patterns indistinguishable from those given by Y enterocolitica. PMID- 7134649 TI - Effect of removing anthelmintic selection pressure on the benzimidazole resistance status of Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis in sheep. PMID- 7134650 TI - Quantitative recovery of isolated mucosal mast cells and globule leucocytes from parasitised sheep. AB - A method of the quantitative recovery of mast cells and globule leucocytes from the gastric mucosa of parasitised sheep is described. The optimal yields of viable cells from small samples of tissue digested with collagenase and hyaluronidase were measured. Mast cell/globule leucocyte yields were significantly increased in sheep orally challenged with 3000 to 5000 Ostertagia circumcincta per day. In these groups as many as 23 per cent of the cells were mast cells/globule leucocytes. Enrichment of these cells was achieved by Percoll density gradient centrifugation and fractions containing 34 to 84 per cent mast cells/globule leucocytes were isolated. PMID- 7134651 TI - Histopathology of periodontitis ('broken-mouth') in sheep: a further consideration. AB - Histological observations of serial sections through the anterior teeth and periodontia of mature five-year-old sheep with 'broken-mouth' revealed two important histopathological features which advance the understanding of the disease mechanism. The periodontal pockets may extend not only in a vertical but also in a horizontal direction. The host response associated with microbial plaque at the advancing front and the more established regions showed obvious cellular differences. At the advancing front emigrating neutrophils are very evident, the pocket epithelium very thin, sometimes with microulceration. In the more established regions dense plasma cell infiltrates are common, with low numbers of neutrophils. It was concluded that broken-mouth periodontitis results from an active progression of plaque-forming oral microorganisms (of unknown species) advancing along the root surface between the cementum and periodontal tissues. PMID- 7134652 TI - Alternative substrates for use in the detection of goats heterozygous for beta mannosidosis. PMID- 7134654 TI - Maximum capacity of the bovine liver to remove manganese from portal plasma and the effect of the route of entry of manganese on its rate of removal. AB - The rate of uptake of manganese by the liver was measured during infusions of manganese into either the visceral or the systemic circulation of four cows surgically prepared with cannulae in a mesenteric vein, the portal vein and a hepatic vein and in one carotid artery. In three experiments the maximum capacity of the liver to remove manganese from plasma was measured by infusing manganese chloride solution into a mesenteric vein at increasing rates for six hours. In two experiments the rate of uptake of manganese by the liver was determined during infusions of manganese chloride solution into a jugular vein for six hours at a constant rate. Virtually all the manganese infused into a mesenteric vein was cleared during its first pass through the liver, up to a maximum rate (mean +/- SEM) of 97.1 +/- 14.1 mumol per minute or 12.7 +/- 2.3 mumol per minute per kg of liver weight. However, when manganese was infused into a jugular vein at rates less than this maximum rate of uptake only approximately 50 per cent of the manganese in portal plasma was removed during a single passage through the liver. PMID- 7134653 TI - Tylosin tartrate and tiamutilin effects on experimental piglet pneumonia induced with pneumonic pig lung homogenate containing mycoplasmas, bacteria and viruses. AB - The effects of tylosin tartrate and tiamutilin were examined in pneumonias induced experimentally in neonatal piglets with a homogenate of pneumonic pig lung, obtained from pigs with naturally acquired enzootic pneumonia. The homogenate contained mycoplasmas, including Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M suipneumoniae) and M hyorhinis, and certain bacteria and viruses. The experimental pneumonias generally resembled mycoplasmal pneumonia histologically but were complicated by aspiration pneumonia in some animals. both tylosin tartrate (50 mg/kg) and tiamutilin (10 mg/kg) administered orally twice daily for 10 days, beginning 14 days after intranasal infection, significantly reduced the incidence and severity of macroscopical pneumonic lung lesions. M hyopneumoniae could be isolated from the lungs of the unmedicated piglets, but not from drug treated piglets. The numbers of M hyorhinis, Acholeplasma granularum, Haemophilus parasuis, Pasteurella multocida and P haemolytica in the lung tissue of the infected piglets were significantly reduced by drug therapy. The role of bacterial in the experimental infection appeared to be that of secondary invaders. PMID- 7134655 TI - Epidermal structure and surface topography of canine skin. AB - The stratum corneum of canine skin when measured in cryostat sections was found to have a mean thickness of 47.5 cell layers and measured 13.3 micrometers. The living epidermis was composed of three to six cell layers and measured 10.1 micrometers. Stratum corneum thickness was similar on the back and abdomen but was greater in the inguinal fold. Lipid was found in the distal intercellular spaces of the corneum to a mean depth of 34 cell layers. The surface topography of freeze dried canine skin was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The interfollicular stratum corneum was generally covered by a thin homogeneous film but in some areas hexagonal squames surrounded by amorphous globular material, which appeared to be oozing onto the surface, could be found. This material, which was also found sealing the bases of hair follicles and matting together the emerging hairs, appeared to be sebaceous lipid. PMID- 7134657 TI - [Radiographic measurement of the heart and great vessels]. PMID- 7134656 TI - [Morphological measurements of the heart and great vessels]. PMID- 7134660 TI - [Echocardiographic measurements of the heart and aorta]. PMID- 7134659 TI - [Angiocardiographic measurements of cardiac volume]. PMID- 7134661 TI - [Radioisotope measurements of the heart and aorta]. PMID- 7134658 TI - [Measurements of the heart and great vessels with computed tomography]. PMID- 7134662 TI - [Phonocardiography]. PMID- 7134663 TI - [Normal blood volume]. PMID- 7134664 TI - [Normal cardiac output]. PMID- 7134665 TI - [Venous pressure]. PMID- 7134666 TI - [Systolic time interval]. PMID- 7134668 TI - [Pulse wave]. PMID- 7134667 TI - [Dynamic characteristics of left ventricle in diastole]. PMID- 7134669 TI - [Heart rate]. PMID- 7134670 TI - [Microcirculation]. PMID- 7134671 TI - [Organ blood distribution and blood flow supply]. PMID- 7134672 TI - [Cerebrovascular circulation]. PMID- 7134673 TI - [Coronary circulation]. PMID- 7134675 TI - [Renal circulation]. PMID- 7134674 TI - [Pulmonary circulation]. PMID- 7134676 TI - [Hepatic circulation]. PMID- 7134677 TI - [Intestinal circulation]. PMID- 7134678 TI - [Blood circulation in the extremities]. PMID- 7134679 TI - [Lymphatic circulation]. PMID- 7134680 TI - [Angle pressure index]. PMID- 7134681 TI - [Isotope clearance method of blood flow volume determination]. PMID- 7134682 TI - [Fetal and neonatal blood circulation]. PMID- 7134683 TI - [Physiological nature of blood]. PMID- 7134684 TI - [Modeling of respiration by computer]. PMID- 7134685 TI - [Scanning electromicroscopic observation of pre-alveolar branches in the resin casts of canine pulmonary arteries]. PMID- 7134686 TI - [Reproducibility of treadmill exercise tests in patients with chronic lung disease]. PMID- 7134687 TI - [Usefulness of the transcutaneous Po2 monitor during exercise in patients with respiratory disease]. PMID- 7134688 TI - [The effect of acebutolol, beta 1-selective blocker, on patients with essential hypertension and asthma]. PMID- 7134689 TI - [Erythrocyte electrolyte concentrations as an indicator of digitalis therapy]. PMID- 7134690 TI - [A comparative evaluation of cross-sectional echocardiography and computed tomography in a detection of left ventricular thrombus]. PMID- 7134691 TI - [Electrocardiographic findings in patients with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy in kumamoto]. PMID- 7134693 TI - [Problems in treatment with non-steroidal antirheumatic agents]. PMID- 7134692 TI - [One stage operation for the case with coarctation, A Sr, MR, TR and ASD]. PMID- 7134694 TI - [Rheumatoid arthritis of old age]. PMID- 7134695 TI - [Osteonecrosis of the humeral head in a patient with bronchial asthma]. PMID- 7134696 TI - [Control of gastric acid secretion]. PMID- 7134697 TI - [Functional colopathies. Diagnosis]. PMID- 7134699 TI - [Neuroradiologic study of endo-exocranial arterial correlates developed from the ophthalmic artery and its anastomoses]. PMID- 7134700 TI - [Anatomic study of macroscopic arterial vascularization of the trunk of the optic nerve in man. Study using diaphanization]. PMID- 7134702 TI - [Vascularization of the papilla and its ischemic disorders]. PMID- 7134701 TI - [Certain physiological aspects of chorio-retinal microcirculation]. PMID- 7134698 TI - [Angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and driver's licenses. Practical attitudes]. PMID- 7134703 TI - [Microcirculation of the internal ear]. PMID- 7134704 TI - [Cerebral microcirculation: its characteristics, regulation and reactions to ischemic conditions]. PMID- 7134707 TI - [Importance of ophthalmodynamometry and ophthalmodynamography in the diagnosis of cerebral circulatory disorders]. PMID- 7134706 TI - [Examination of the fundus oculi in patients with carotid atheromatous pathology. Clinical importance and prognostic significance]. PMID- 7134708 TI - [Advances in the surgical treatment of isolated oculomotor paralysis]. PMID- 7134709 TI - [Diagnosis of cerebral vasculitis]. PMID- 7134705 TI - [Ultrasonic Doppler effect exploration of the ophthalmic artery and its branches]. PMID- 7134710 TI - [Acute retinal necrosis, an inflammatory or vascular disorder?]. PMID- 7134711 TI - [Facial pain and intermittent amaurosis in a case of premaxillary hemangioma]. PMID- 7134712 TI - [School medicine and school health services in the city of Lausanne]. PMID- 7134714 TI - [School health services of the city of Lausanne. III. Examples of activities and of practical studies]. PMID- 7134715 TI - [Cooperation of school health services with other services of the city of Lausanne, different university, institutional, and faculty services]. PMID- 7134716 TI - [Physiopathology of osteoporosis]. PMID- 7134713 TI - [Structure and activities of the 3 sections of school health services]. PMID- 7134718 TI - [Technical problems in the radiologic diagnosis of osteoporosis]. PMID- 7134717 TI - [Laboratory tests and bone biopsy in the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis]. PMID- 7134719 TI - [Osteopathy and gastroenterology]. PMID- 7134720 TI - [Fluorine and osteoporosis]. PMID- 7134721 TI - [Repercussions of certain popular beliefs (witchcraft) on current medical practice]. PMID- 7134722 TI - [L-Methionine treatment of Parkinson's disease: preliminary results]. AB - Eleven patients with previously untreated Parkinson's disease were treated with L Methionine for periods from 2 weeks to 6 months. The treatment was well supported and good improvement in clinical signs, particularly akinesia and rigidity, appeared within approximately three weeks, the effect on tremor being less marked. Therapeutic effects were similar to those observed with L-dopa treatment. Correlation of clinical effects with a marked increase in the number of 3H Spiroperidol binding sites (Bmax) to lymphocytes was noted. This therapeutic effect suggests the role played by modifications of membrane fluidity on dopaminergic receptors, both lymphocytic and striatal, in the etiology of Parkinson's disease, and opens up new therapeutic possibilities in this disease. PMID- 7134723 TI - [Total right hemispherectomy: neurophysiological study after twenty-six years]. AB - Twenty-six years after a total right hemispherectomy for tumor when thirteen years old, a right-handed patient presented with disturbances of equilibrium, urinary incontinence, and a marked reduction in motor impulses, in spite of a subnormal intelligence quotient (0.85). Computed tomography examinations suggested the presence of a normal pressure hydrocephalus. However intracranial pressure monitoring and isotopic and cerebrospinal fluid perfusion tests showed the absence of any cerebral obstruction, and free communication between the cerebral and spinal spaces, though intracranial volume capacity accommodation was greatly reduced. Clinical examination demonstrated good quality sensory appreciation by the left half of the body, the possibility of detecting an object in the visual hemifield supposedly blind, and perfect location of a sound source. Somesthetic evoked potentials were studied by stimulating the median nerve in the left and right wrist regions. Left hemisphere evoked potentials from a contralateral stimulus, were of normal latency, amplitude and morphology, the response to an ipsilateral stimulus also presenting an early potential component (N 26 starting at N 21). This exceptional finding in a hemispherectomized patient could be related to activity of the spinoreticulothalamic tracts in the lemniscal or extralemniscal systems. Auditory function tests demonstrated perfect stereoaudiometry and the quality of perception during dichotic listening tests. Auditory evoked potentials in the brain stem included only minor functional-type anomalies, with slightly increased latencies in the pons on the left, and the mesencephalon and pons on the right. The presence of a bilateral wave VI was related to activity of the median geniculate pathway. Visual function tests showed good quality left photomotor reflexes and positive object detection in the anopsic hemifield. Results of these tests were reproducible during the same examination and after an interval of several months. The relevant literature is reviewed. PMID- 7134725 TI - [Cleido-cranial dysostosis with malformation of the cervico-occipital junction]. AB - A 66 years old man with cleido-cranial dysostosis suffered from a progressive ataxic gait for 45 years. Physical examination discovered cerebellar and pyramidal signs and altered deep sensibility in lower limbs. Roentgenograms showed skeletal dysostosis and a severe malformation of the cervico-occipital junction. The disease was transmitted with a dominant autosomic inheritance. The patient died from cardiac and respiratory distress. Post mortem examination confirmed radiologic anomalies: basilar invagination with a low-situated brain stem. The paucity of neurological complications of cleido-cranial dysostosis is emphasized. This is apparently the first reported case with clinical signs of cervico-occipital malformation. PMID- 7134724 TI - [Silver stain of unconcentrated cerebrospinal fluid. Preliminary results in multiple sclerosis and other neurological diseases]. AB - The authors present a new technique for the analysis of the cerebro spinal fluid (C.S.F.) proteins: silver stain after isoelectric focusing with possibility of immunofixation. This technique is simple and results are obtained after six hours only after sample deposition. If immunofixation is used a further 24 hours washing is necessary. It is highly sensitive and bands containing 25 ng of proteins can be clearly distinguished so that small volumes (10 microl. at mean) of unconcentrated C.S.F. can be used. With this technique abnormal distinct bands of IgG specificity are seen in the majority of central and peripheral nervous system inflammatory disorders. No distribution of these bands, particularly in the more cathodal zone, seems to be specific of any disease including multiple sclerosis (M.S.). The abnormal IgG bands in M.S.C.S.F. seem to have their counterpart in the serum. These results need further verification. The usefulness of this technique for research purposes is stressed. The protein pattern obtained must be interpreted in the light of the concepts of genetic polymorphism, microheterogeneity and heterogeneous mode of antibody production. PMID- 7134726 TI - [Wallenberg's syndrome due to a dissecting aneurysm of the vertebral artery]. AB - A 54 year old man without pathologic past history but mild hypertension, obesity and gastric ulcer, presented with a syndrome of Wallenberg. He had complained for five days of progressive and diffuse headache. The neurological condition improved initially, but the patient died suddenly two weeks later. Pathological examination showed no significant alteration except for left ventricular enlargement and mild arteriosclerosis. There was a hemodissection (dissecting aneurysm) of the left vertebral artery next to the inferior oliva. It induced a lateral infarct and a limited dorsal infarct at the middle third level of medulla oblongata. Although the location of the arterial changes is usual, their nature is exceptional. The cause of the arterial hemodissection could not be ascertained: fibrous arterial dysplasia, atherosclerosis or congenital abnormalities of internal elastic layer may be discussed. But no definite conclusion can be reached. PMID- 7134727 TI - [Conference at Salpetriere. 7 October 1981. Lasting stupor, tetraparesis, decerebration and decortication in a 32 year-old woman]. PMID- 7134728 TI - Extracellular potassium ion activity during PGO spike in cat lateral geniculate nucleus. PMID- 7134729 TI - Sleep alterations following total cerebellectomy in cats. AB - Polygraphic sleep studies were conducted in six cats just before cerebellectomy and 3 and 10 days after the operation. These studies were continued in the four surviving animals 30, 100, 200, 300, and 315 days days post-operatively. The findings confirmed the existence of two postoperative phases correlated with the degeneration of brainstem structures: an initial period (day 3) was characterized by a significant increase in wakefulness; a second, later period (days 10 and 30) was distinguished by numerous slow waves and sleep spindles in the electrocorticogram. There was a stable increase in the amplitude and density of rapid eye movements, perhaps reflecting the ataxia evident during the waking state after cerebellectomy. At day 3, there was a significant decrease in the duration of paradoxical sleep (PS) periods, followed by a significant increase at day 10 that continued to the end of the study. The number of PS states tended to decrease and the PS latency tended to increase in the long-term survivors. All other sleep parameters appeared to normalize by day 100. These findings suggest that the cerebellum plays a modulatory role with respect to the pontine structures responsible for the generation of phasic activity during PS. PMID- 7134730 TI - Excessive daytime sleepiness: a 1-year study in an unselected inpatient population. AB - A prospective epidemiological investigation of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) was carried out in an unselected inpatient population admitted to a general hospital during a 1-year period. The study comprised 2518 patients, 1347 female and 1171 male, aged 6-92 years (mean, 55.2). On the basis of histories and clinical and polysomnographic data, EDS was found in 28 cases (1.11%). Of these, 25 (0.99%; 18 female and 7 male; mean age, 61.3) had sleep apnea syndromes (SAS) with predominantly obstructive apnea. Two patients (0.07%; one female and one male; mean age, 65.5) had idiopathic CNS hypersomnia, and one male patient (0.03%) aged 48 years had a combination of narcolepsy and SAS. Differences and agreements of our findings with previous literature data are discussed. The present study shows that in an unselected inpatient population, EDS is a relatively common sleep disorder, usually found in mild to moderate forms. Because it is not severe, it disturbs only relatively domestic activities of elderly retired patients or others who do not work outside the home, and is often masked by other troubles. For these reasons, EDS in the aging population may pass unnoticed in epidemiological studies based only on data from sleep disorder centers. PMID- 7134731 TI - Topographic cortical mapping of EEG sleep stages during daytime naps in normal subjects. AB - Computer-generated cortical maps of power spectral estimates derived from 16 leads were drawn based on daytime sleep recordings in four normal volunteers. These data were compiled from nine 10-s artifact-free, EEG epochs from awake, stages 1-4 and REM sleep in each volunteer. EEG leads were placed on the left hemisphere and midline according to the 10-20 system with four additional interpolated posterior locations. Magnitude spectral estimates with 1 Hz resolution and adjacent frequencies (delta 2-4, alpha 8-12, beta 13-18) were analyzed with two-way ANOVA (lead by sleep stage). Delta activity was relatively uniform and of low amplitude in awake, eyes-closed subjects, and REM. Delta power increased at the vertex in stage 1. With progressing, non-REM sleep stages, it increased in power and enlarged radially to the intraparietal sulcus posteriorly, and the superior frontal gyrus anteriorly. Comparison of maps with ear and a computed average reference yielded similar topographic patterns. Alpha activity was expectedly maximal occipitally in awake subjects, but surprisingly a frontal area appeared in slow wave sleep. Beta activity in awake subjects was low and maximal parietally; stages 1 and REM showed even lower and more uniform distribution. Stage 2 showed the greatest power, concentrated at the vertex, with stages 3 and 4 diminishing. These data suggest that sleep stages are not completely uniform electrophysiologically across the cortex. This opens the possibility for a new method for the diagnosis of sleep disorders and alternatives in sleep staging. PMID- 7134732 TI - The threshold of sleep: perception of sleep as a function of time asleep and auditory threshold. AB - A number of studies have found that many subjects have reported being awake when awakened during various periods of electroencephalographically (EEG)-defined sleep. These observations have led to an examination of the perception of sleep after periods when EEG-defined sleep was experimentally varied between 1 and 140 min. Twelve normal young adult subjects slept in the laboratory for 5 consecutive nights. Each subject was briefly awakened five times on each night, and subjective state, auditory arousal threshold, and sleep/wake time estimation data were collected. The threshold of sleep onset (i.e., the point at which a report of sleep was given 50% of the time) occurred 2-4 min after the first sleep spindle. In contrast, auditory thresholds rose rapidly within 1 min of the first sleep spindle. The threshold data corroborate the appearance of a sleep spindle as an objective measure of sleep onset. However, subjective sleep onset appears to be a relatively lengthy period during which perception of state is blurred and uncertain. PMID- 7134733 TI - All-night sleep polygraphic recordings of healthy aged persons: REM and slow-wave sleep. AB - All-night polygraphic recordings of 15 healthy aged persons (82.1 +/- 4.8 years old) were conducted for 3 consecutive nights. Thirteen young males (20.9 +/- 0.8 years old) were used as the control group. Compared with the young adults, the aged subjects showed extraordinary reductions in stages 3 and 4 sleep. In the young adults, the four rapid eye movement (REM) periods showed progressive increases in length, whereas in the aged subjects, the same REM periods tended to decrease in length. In the young adults, the percentage of REM sleep increased during the second half of the night, whereas that of the aged subjects was fairly uniform throughout the night. The circadian rhythm of REM sleep for the aged persons apparently shifted, with the acrophase occurring during the first half of the night rather than in the early morning hours. PMID- 7134734 TI - Self-representation in dream experiences during sleep onset and REM sleep. AB - The Scoring System for Latent Structure (SSLS) was used to test three hypotheses regarding the degree of self-participation in dreams reported during sleep onset (SO) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. These hypotheses were that (a) the ratio of interactive to associative sentences would be significantly greater in REM than in SO; (b) the level of Ego activity would be significantly greater in REM than in SO; and (c) the ratio between interactive sentences with Ego not present and interactive sentences with Ego present would be significantly different in REM and in SO. None of these hypotheses was confirmed. However, the following significant differences were found: (a) the ratio between sentences with Ego substituted and the total number of interactive sentences was greater in REM than in SO (p less than 0.05); (b) the ratio between sentences with Ego substituted and sentences with Ego present was greater (p less than 0.05) in REM than in SO; (c) the ratio between sentences with Ego inserted and sentences with Ego substituted was greater in SO than in REM (p less than 0.01); and (d) the relative incidence of defective Ego was greater (p less than 0.01) in SO than in REM. These data were interpreted in terms of psychodynamic models of dream formation. PMID- 7134735 TI - [Effect of furosemide and aminophylline in experimental acute post-ischemic renal failure]. PMID- 7134736 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of entero-gastric reflux using Tc99 HIDA]. PMID- 7134737 TI - [Benign tumor of Vater's ampulla]. PMID- 7134739 TI - Malacological observations bearing on the epidemiology of schistosomiasis in a rural Bahian community. PMID- 7134738 TI - [Additional information on fascioliasis hepatica in Curitiba (State of Parana, Brazil)]. PMID- 7134741 TI - Group G streptococcal arthritis. AB - Six cases of Lancefield Group G streptococcocal arthritis are described. Two cases had pre-existing chronic arthritis (one rheumatoid) with infection of a joint prosthesis. Three cases had neoplastic disease before or at the same time as septic arthritis. Skin reactions, including cellulitis and scarlatiniform rash were prominent in five cases. One patient may have acquired a Group G streptococcus from her dog. Five cases responded well to penicillin and the sixth who was allergic to that drug was cured by erythromycin. This unusual cause of septic arthritis is being recognized more frequently in the United Kingdom. PMID- 7134740 TI - Clinical features of first attack of rheumatic fever in adults. AB - The clinical features of the first attack acute rheumatic fever in 32 adults are described in a prospective study. Classical migratory polyarthritis occurred in 11 patients whilst the arthritis in the remaining 21 was additive in type, rapidly becoming symmetrical. The lower limb joints were involved more frequently than those of the upper limb. Mild transient carditis was present in only one patient. All patients showed evidence of antecedent streptococcal infection but none had chorea, subcutaneous nodules or erythema marginatum. The disease ran a benign course so that the sensitivity of the modified Jones criteria for adult rheumatic fever needs re-evaluation. Rheumatic fever is still a significant health problem in Iraq and should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute polyarthritis in adults. PMID- 7134744 TI - Polymyalgia rheumatica in a defined elderly community. AB - Responses to a symptom questionnaire, together with an erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) estimation, were used to screen for polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) in 247 elderly people receiving social services care. Three cases of PMR were discovered of whom two were previously undiagnosed. The prevalence of PMR in this study is higher than that estimated from hospital ascertained cases. PMID- 7134743 TI - The recovery of the severely disable stroke patient. AB - Fifty-three stroke patients with severe functional loss at two weeks, following the stroke were followed up for one year. No improvement occurred in 47% during this time and this was associated with abnormalities of muscle tone, incontinence of urine or faeces, perceptual disorders and previous disabilities affecting locomotion. Remedial therapy continued for long periods especially in the group who did not improve. It is suggested that rehabilitation resources could have been used more appropriately. Further research is required to determine whether intensive therapy is of value in the severely disabled stroke patient especially those with perceptual and cognitive dysfunction. PMID- 7134746 TI - Parenteral iron therapy in the anaemia of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7134745 TI - Diclofenac sodium, diflunisal and naproxen: patient preferences for anti inflammatory drugs in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Ninety patients with active rheumatoid arthritis took part in a cross-over trial comparing diclofenac sodium, diflunisal and naproxen. The efficacy of the three drugs was similar though there were trends in favour of diclofenac sodium in some measurements. The incidence of side-effects was similar with the three drugs and each was chosen by a significant group of patients as continuation therapy at the end of the study. PMID- 7134747 TI - Disorders of haemostasis in diabetes mellitus. AB - The frequent occurrence of vascular complications in diabetes mellitus has prompted extensive research into possible mechanisms which may relate to these complications. Recently, most emphasis has been directed towards the platelet and there is now good evidence of disordered platelet function, platelet biochemistry and platelet vessel wall interaction in many diabetic patients. In addition to these disturbances of platelet behaviour, other haemostatic abnormalities are not uncommon in the diabetic patient. These include evidence of coagulation activation, impaired fibrinolysis and altered blood viscosity. All of these changes could theoretically predispose to a thrombotic state, but the precise relationship between the observed abnormalities and the development and progression of the vascular complications remains to be established. PMID- 7134748 TI - Lung asbestos bodies and pleural plaques at autopsy. AB - Examination for lung asbestos bodies and pleural plaques was made in 996 consecutive unselected autopsies in Torino. The prevalence of asbestos bodies was 12.4% and that of pleural plaques 19.1%. Both findings were found with significantly greater frequency in men, and in the age group above 50 years. In addition, their occurrence increased with age up to 70 years, then decreased thereafter. A significant association between the severity of plaque lesions and the presence of asbestos bodies was found, whereas the number of asbestos bodies was not related to the presence of pleural plaques. It is suggested that pleural plaques are more reliable markers of asbestos exposure started many years earlier, and that lung asbestos bodies are more reliable indicators of more recent exposure. PMID- 7134742 TI - Multisystem presentation of eosinophilic fasciitis. AB - A 20-year-old man experienced the onset of progressive scleroderma-like skin changes with eosinophilia and hypergammaglobulinaemia after strenuous military activity. A biopsy showed faciitis. Concomitant splenomegaly, polysynovitis, restrictive lung function, myositis, decrease hepatic clotting factors and proteinuria were documented. He responded well to corticosteroids, relapse upon their discontinuation and had a complete remission of both skin and systemic features while on penicillamine and azathioprine. He is new in good health and has received no medication for the past two years. PMID- 7134749 TI - Multiple neonatal screening for aminoacidopathies by ion exchange chromatography. AB - The experience gained in a pilot programme for multiple screening for amino acid disorders is reported. Over 222,000 newborn infants were screened by ion-exchange chromatography using dried blood spots. The acceptability, reliability and validity of the method are reported, and an outline is given, of the field evaluation of the method over 4 years, together with a short cost analysis. Incidences of the screened diseases and their differences from other reports are also discussed. PMID- 7134750 TI - Development of the ciliary epithelium in human nose. AB - In 15 foetuses, ranging in age from the 8th to the 23rd menstrual week, the development of ciliated cells in the nose was analysed quantitatively by counting ciliated cells in high power fields. The formation of ciliated cells is the first step in the differentiation from embryonic to respiratory epithelium, which starts in the 9th menstrual week. The density of ciliated cells increases strongly and reaches a maximum already in the 16th week. It does not further increase in older foetuses and prematures. Based on the rapid increase in density it is assumed that the differentiation of ciliated cells takes about 2-3 days which is considerably shorter than for goblet cells. PMID- 7134751 TI - Carcinosarcoma of the nose and paranasal sinuses-a case report. PMID- 7134752 TI - Protein and energy metabolism in growing rabbits, I. PMID- 7134753 TI - Protein and energy metabolism in growing rabbits, II. PMID- 7134754 TI - [Bioccipital atrophic lesions of uncertain nature at the source of visual agnosia]. PMID- 7134755 TI - [Periodic syndrome and headache in the preschool age]. PMID- 7134756 TI - [Carpal tunnel syndrome. Epidemiologic, clinical and electromyographic findings. Study of 50 patients]. PMID- 7134757 TI - [Post-traumatic headache in outpatient therapy]. AB - The author reports results achieved by a benzamide, tiapride, in the treatment of 43 subjects showing post-traumatic headaches in a INAIL out patient department of neurology. The drug was administered per os at a dose of one tablet twice a day at the beginning of the treatment. In 9 cases, the posology was afterwards increased to 3 tablets. Results were good in 72,1% of the cases and the positive action of the drug was not limited to the disappearance of the headache, but was extended to the total symptomatology of the subjective syndrome of the patients suffering from cranium trauma. The drug was well tolerated in all the cases except in one: the treatment had to be interrupted on account of vertigo sensations. The author confirms the possible activity of the molecule in posttraumatic headaches. He also points out the facility that it offers for the social and working recovery of the subject. PMID- 7134760 TI - [Modifications of (CNV) in patients with various types of pain treated with tiapride]. PMID- 7134759 TI - [Functional and clinical selectivity in myodystrophic deficits]. PMID- 7134758 TI - [Preliminary study on the use of acetylcarnitine in patients with mental deterioration]. PMID- 7134761 TI - [Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in Italy]. PMID- 7134762 TI - [Vascular pathology of the spinal cord. II. Etiopathogenetic and clinical aspects]. PMID- 7134763 TI - The combined use of radionuclide angiography and Doppler-sonography in the screening of carotid lesions. AB - The aim of our research is to check if the combined use of radionuclide angiography and Doppler-sonography leads to correct screening of carotid lesions in the neck, independently from the indexes of reliability of the individual examinations. 125 cerebrovascular patients (for a total of 250 carotid studies) were investigated with radionuclide angiography and Doppler-sonography. 100 of these carotids were also angiographically investigated. On the basis combined angioscintigraphic and Doppler results, these patients have been classified in four groups. When both non-invasive examinations result negative, the angiography shows pathological arteries only in 22% of cases. When only radionuclide angiography is positive, the angiography shows pathological findings in 63% of cases: when only Doppler is positive, the angiography confirmation occurs in 72% of cases. Finally, when both non-invasive tests results positive, there is always arterial pathology in the angiography. PMID- 7134764 TI - [Problems inherent in the adaptation of an epileptic student to mandatory education. Study conducted in the province of Ancona]. PMID- 7134765 TI - [Attitude of the population to problems related to epileptic syndromes. Cognitive study conducted in 3 communities in the province of Ancona]. PMID- 7134767 TI - [Modification of early postoperative x-ray diagnosis after gastrectomy]. AB - A modification of the early postoperative X-ray research after gastrectomy is described. The application of gastrografin happens through a nasogastric tube. By changing the position of its tip during the screening control, an excellent and precise representation of the anastomotic region wil be achieved. We present a research of 35 patients. PMID- 7134766 TI - [Dose-effect relationship of glucagon on the stomach, pylorus and duodenum]. AB - The effect of glucagon on the stomach, pylorus and duodenum was evaluated within the first 30 minutes p.i. Glucagon was administered intravenously in a dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 1 mg. The hypotonic effect was greater on the duodenum than on the stomach. The dose response of the pylorus was not uniform. It was possible to point out a direct relationship between the intensity and duration of the hypotonic effect and the administered dosage. PMID- 7134768 TI - [Immaturity and hypoxia of the cerebral medulla in cranial computerized tomography in premature and newborn infants]. AB - Computerized tomography and ultrasonography are the image producing procedures of choice to demonstrate the extent of hypoxic cerebral damage. CT findings of immaturity and leukomalacia in premature and newborn babies are presented. Possibilities and difficulties in distinguishing one from the other are discussed on the basis of some representative cases. PMID- 7134769 TI - [Somatic radiation risk in conventional tomography of the skull and thorax]. AB - The somatically significant dose index can be considered as a measure for the somatic radiation risk to which the population is exposed. Figures are stated for conventional tomography of the skull and thorax. These are compared with the corresponding data for other x-ray examinations, especially computerised tomography. PMID- 7134770 TI - [Vascular changes in the kidney after blunt abdominal trauma in a child]. AB - A genuine trauma, which had been overlooked at first, resulted in macrohaematuria. Infusion urography showed an enlarged left kidney with delayed and incomplete visualisation of the renal pelvis. Angiography showed swelling of the left kidney and small arterial ruptures with pseudoaneurysmatic contrast medium deposits in the parenchyma. Three months later, the angiogram showed largely normalised vessels. PMID- 7134771 TI - [Radiographically negative gallbladder--a surgically controlled study]. AB - If the biliary tract is well seen, but the gallbladder remains unvisualized, one may conclude an obstruction of the gallbladder duct. The author shows by means of 108 cases, confirmed by surgery, that operation is indicated if the duct of the gallbladder is obstructed: Although mechanical obstruction of the cystic duct with a calculus was seen in only 10 cases (9,2%) at the time of operation, calculi were found in 101 patients (93%) in the biliary tract system, presenting with cholecystitis and mucosal oedema. In 103 patients (95,4%), the pathological findings had its origin in the biliary tract itself, in 5 cases (4,6%) the pathology was located in the surrounding area and affected the bile system. False positive findings did not occur in any patient. Hence, the sensitivity that the biliary system is diseased if the cholangiogram is positive and the colecystogram is negative, was practically 100%. Finally, the author discusses the question why out of a total of 232 patients with X-ray finding of an obstruction of the gallbladder duct, the patients of the Surgical Clinics were operated with an incidence of 94%, whereas patients who had been transferred to us by Internal Medicine Clinics were operated with an incidence of 18%. PMID- 7134772 TI - Contribution to morphological analysis of certain EEG graphoelements in various forms of epilepsy. PMID- 7134774 TI - Postnatal ontogenetic development of epileptic reactivity and activities of some glycolytic enzymes in rabbit motor cortex. PMID- 7134773 TI - Responsiveness disturbances in patients with epileptogenic cerebral tumours. PMID- 7134775 TI - Atypical melano-phakomatosis with myasthenic syndrome and peripheral neuritis case report-. PMID- 7134776 TI - [Comparative study of biochemical indicators of iron concentration, in 2 population of pregnant women, with and without prenatal care]. PMID- 7134777 TI - [Mortality due to violent causes in the municipality of Sao Paulo, Brazil. IV - The situation in 1980]. PMID- 7134778 TI - [Epidemiology of cancer of the esophagus in Sao Paulo, Brazil]. PMID- 7134779 TI - [Prevention of dental caries: the question of salt fluoridation]. PMID- 7134780 TI - [Significance of trends in infant mortality rates in the municipality of Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil) in the last 30 years (1950-1979)]. PMID- 7134782 TI - [The effect of adrenaline and isoprenaline on calcium level in the plasma of rats of various ages]. PMID- 7134781 TI - Modification of instrumentation for research on lingual vibrotactile sensitivity: elimination of the tongue clamping procedure. PMID- 7134784 TI - [Affecting the immunity response with deoxycholic acid]. PMID- 7134783 TI - [Reduced renal sensitivity to endogenous arginine-vasopressin in primary hyperaldosteronism during concentration tests]. PMID- 7134785 TI - [Possibilities of treatment of gynecological inflammations]. PMID- 7134787 TI - Exercise-induced asthma after walking, running and cycling. AB - Bronchial response to 6 min exercise performed as treadmill-walking, treadmill running, ergometer bicycling and free running were compared in 11 subjects with exercise-induced asthma (EIA). The study was performed under control of air temperature and relative humidity. The three different types of exercise were performed on consecutive days, and the ventilation was monitored using pneumotachography and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). The decrease in peak expiratory flow after treadmill-running was 25.5 +/- 4.5% (mean +/- SEM), after bicycle ergometer exercise 26.0 +/- 3.0%, after treadmill-walking 26.0 +/- 3.0% and after free running 27.0 +/- 3.5%. No statistical difference in bronchial response was demonstrated between the four types of exercise. The total ventilation for the 6 min period of exercise was 421, 411 and 427 litres for treadmill-walking, treadmill-running and bicycle ergometer exercise, respectively. It is concluded that the type of work is of little importance in EIA. PMID- 7134786 TI - Renal function in dogs with chronic moderate unilateral ureteral obstruction. AB - Partial obstruction of the left ureter was created in seven dogs. Renal function was studied 3 weeks later. Total renal blood flow (RBF) and intrarenal blood flow distribution were studied using the microsphere technique. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), effective renal plasma flow (CPAH) and the excretion of sodium and osmolar substances were determined using the clearance technique. RBF, GFR and CPAH in the hydronephrotic kidney were reduced to approximately 30% of the same parameters in the contralateral kidney. Urinary sodium excretion was consistently lower in the hydronephrotic than in the contralateral kidney. Volume expansion with isotonic saline solution revealed that this reduction of sodium excretion from the hydronephrotic kidney was out of proportion to the extent of GFR reduction. The contralateral unobstructed kidney did not compensate for this salt retention by increasing its sodium excretion. PMID- 7134788 TI - HbA1 determination by agar gel electrophoresis after elimination of labile HbA1: a comparison with ion-exchange chromatography. AB - A rapid and simple method, Agar gel electrophoresis (GlytracTM, Corning Medical), for HbA1 analysis was evaluated and compared with an ion-exchange chromatography method capable of estimating HbA1 (a+b) and HbA1c separately. Preincubated samples from diabetics and normals were analysed by both methods and showed good correlation (r=0.97, n=89). The following data were obtained with agar gel electrophoresis. Incubation of erythrocytes at a glucose concentration of 30 mmol/l for 6 h at 37 degrees C gave an increase of 1.39% HbA1. This increase was almost reversed by reincubation in low glucose medium. By preincubation of erythrocytes in saline HbA1 decreased 0.90 +/- 0.39% HbA1 (mean +/- SD) in diabetics and 0.38 +/- 0.26% HbA1 in normal controls. This preincubation step is necessary to eliminate the labile HbA1 fraction when HbA1 is to be used as an index of long term glucose control in diabetes. The HbA1 ranged from 5.1 to 7.4% (n=68), mean 5.8% (SD 0.5). HbA1 in patients with juvenile diabetes ranged from 6.1 to 19.3%. Within-run precision (CV) was 2.3 and 2.5% in normal and diabetic samples, respectively. Between-run precision was 5.7%. Variation in temperature between 18.5 and 31.5 degrees C did not affect the HbA1 values significantly. Within-run and between-run precision for chromatography was 3.4 and 4.7% respectively. Agar gel electrophoresis is a simple and rapid method for HbA1 determination, with acceptable precision and accuracy. PMID- 7134789 TI - Copper and zinc in human serum in Norway. Relationship to geography, sex and age. AB - Serum samples were collected from the adult population, age groups from 20 to 54 years, in 11 different Norwegian municipalities and analysed for zinc and copper by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Significant differences were found between several of the municipalities when the mean concentration of zinc in serum in 200 randomized samples were compared, with only two municipalities being different for copper. The values for zinc ranged from 13.8 to 18.3 mumol/l and copper varied between 16.3 and 19.2 mumol/l. An age related increase in the copper concentration was evident in the male population, and age-adjusted means showed a slight, but significantly higher serum copper concentration in females (18.4 mumol/l) than in males (16.5 mumol/l). For zinc the opposite sex-relationship was indicated with the highest values in males, 15.8 compared to 15.1 mumol/l in serum from females. No significant correlations were found between the concentrations of zinc and copper in serum. In all age groups of women, however, a small negative correlation was found giving a significant tendency. PMID- 7134790 TI - Nation-wide TSH-screening with low recall rate. Laboratory results of a two-year study. AB - The laboratory results from the Danish neonatal TSH screening programme for congenital hypothyroidism are reported for a period of 2 years. The screening was based on a single determination of TSH in blood samples taken on the fifth day of life (PKU-filterpaper). The TSH assay (double antibody radioimmunoassay) has a sensitivity of 10 mU TSH/1 blood and a precision of 20-30%. 127,111 samples have been tested. In 3% TSH was greater than 10mU/1 and in 0.64% greater than 25 mU/1. The cut-off point was fixed at 25 mU TSH/1. Values above this level were corroborated by a T-4 radioimmunoassay on the original blood specimen. TSH greater than 25 mU/1 together with T-4 less than 45 nmol/1 blood was found in 37 samples. In 18 samples with TSH greater than 25 mU/1 there was no material left for the T-4 determination. These 55 samples (37 + 18) resulted in a request for a venous sample (recall rate 0.043%). An elevated TSH was verified in 32 of the 55 samples. The repeat samples were collected on average on the 25th day after birth. Three of the 32 babies were clinically diagnosed before the screening result was available. PMID- 7134791 TI - Antithrombin III and dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids. AB - Immunoreactive antithrombin III and antithrombin III activity was found to be significantly higher in 81 Greenland Eskimos than in 50 Caucasian Danes. Sixteen Eskimos who had emigrated to Denmark had significantly lower immunoreactive antithrombin III levels than the Greenland Eskimos, though higher than the Danes. The immunoreactive antithrombin III increased significantly while the increase in antithrombin III activity was insignificant in 20 male Caucasian Danes upon 3 weeks supplementation of the diet with 10 ml daily of a cod liver oil concentrate. The high antithrombin III level in the Eskimos may at least partly be a consequence of a high dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids. It may also play a role for the low incidence of thrombosis apparently found in Greenland Eskimos. PMID- 7134792 TI - Angiotensin II and renal excretion of sodium and potassium in unanaesthetized dogs. AB - Aldosterone is a kaliuretic hormone. It is also widely believed to be instrumental for physiological renal sodium sparing. How, then, can mammals respond to incipient dehydration or low sodium intake without inappropriate potassium loss? To study this problem angiotensin II (A II) was infused intravenously in six dogs. The dose rate was 10 ng per kg per min, probably maintaining plasma A II in the upper physiological range. The A II infusions lasted 3 h, i.e. long enough for the effects of increased aldosterone release to be observable. Mean arterial blood pressure increased by 8% while effective renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate fell by 28% and 7%, respectively. Renal sodium excretion fell to near 8% of the preinfusion control values. Plasma aldosterone increased three-fold. Yet no kaliuresis occurred. Potassium and chloride excretion declined by 50% and 80%, respectively. In five of the six dogs urine flow decreased 50% or more with concomitant increase of urine osmolality. Our data indicate that physiological increments of A II can bring about sustained renal sodium sparing without inducing potassium wasting. PMID- 7134793 TI - Effect of physical training on peak oxygen consumption rate and exercise-induced asthma in adult asthmatics. AB - Sixteen adults with perennial asthma were trained for 2 months using heavy exercise. Eleven comparable subjects performing light exercise with the same frequency and duration served as controls. After the training the peak oxygen consumption rate (Vo2max) was increased by 10% (P = 0.02) in the heavily trained group, whereas no significant change was observed in the control group. The difference in Vo2max between males and females averaged 20% and is thus of the same magnitude as found in healthy subjects. An exercise-induced asthma (EIA) test comprising 6 min of free running was carried out in all participants in both training groups before and after the training period. The post-exercise decrease in pulmonary function assessed by peak expiratory flow (PEF) was 36 + 4% (mean +/ SEM) before heavy training and 33 +/- 2% after two months of training (paired t test: P = 0.18); for the control group the decrease was 40 +/- 6% and 40 +/- 7% (P = 0.22), respectively, at the pre- and post-training investigation. It is concluded that physical training may increase the Vo2max in asthmatic patients by the same amount as in normal subjects, whereas no influence on the degree of EIA could be detected. PMID- 7134794 TI - Aldosterone, angiotensin II, and renal salt sparing. PMID- 7134795 TI - Reference intervals for haemoglobins estimated by isoelectric focusing. PMID- 7134796 TI - Colloid osmotic pressure of human subcutaneous interstitial fluid sampled by nylon wicks: evaluation of the method. AB - Interstitial fluid was collected from human subcutaneous tissue by implantation of multifilamentous nylon wicks on the side of thorax. The skin was anaesthetized by a small injection of lidocaine. Direct measurement of colloid osmotic pressure in a control group of 20 healthy volunteers gave a mean of 15.8 (SD 2.3) mmHg in wick fluid and 26.9 (SD 4.1) mmHg in serum samples. Standard deviation of the method for wick fluid samples was 1.2 mmHg. Significant blood contamination occurred in less than 20% of the wicks. Fluid content in wicks varied within narrow limits independent of its colloid osmotic pressure. The dynamics of wick fluid protein uptake was studied by uptake of 131I albumin from plasma, and by measurement of colloid osmotic pressure after 30, 60, 120 and 180 min of implantation. The results showed an initial rapid uptake from plasma of a major part of the wick fluid proteins within 30 min. After 120 min wick fluid colloid osmotic pressure reached the same level whether the wicks were 'primed' with serum proteins or not. Altogether these observations support the view that wick fluid reflects interstitial tissue fluid with respect to colloid osmotic pressure when the wicks are implanted for 60 min. PMID- 7134797 TI - Influence of body posture on transcapillary pressures in human subcutaneous tissue. AB - Capillary pressure in the human circulation varies within a wide range depending on the height difference between the capillary and the heart. To study the influence of body posture on transcapillary pressures in subcutaneous tissue, 28 healthy volunteers were examined. Interstitial colloid osmotic pressure (IIi) was measured in fluid collected by implantation of multi-filamentous nylon wicks. Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (Pi) was measured by a 'wick-in-needle' method. Samples for determination of plasma colloid osmotic pressure (IIp) were obtained by venipuncture. In the upright position IIi was 15.2 (SD 2.1) mmHg on the thorax and 10.4 (SD 2.1) mmHg at the ankle. Similar values were obtained in subjects examined after 2 h in a horizontal position. During sustained rest in bed (40 h) IIi on thorax was practically unchanged, while IIi at the ankle rose from 10.1 (SD 2.9) mmHg to 12.2 (SD 2.8) mmHg. Pi averaged -1.3 (SD 1.6) mmHg on the thorax and -0.4 (SD 2.5) mmHg at the ankle, but the difference was not statistically significant. Altogether the body-posture dependent variations in IIi and Pi are small, and can compensate for only a fraction of the changes in capillary pressure. PMID- 7134798 TI - Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic and hydrostatic pressures in subcutaneous tissue of patients with nephrotic syndrome. AB - Colloid osmotic pressure in plasma (IIp) and in interstitial fluid from subcutaneous tissue (IIi) was measured in 13 patients with nephrotic syndrome and in 20 healthy volunteers. Interstitial fluid was sampled by nylon wicks, and interstitial fluid pressure was measured by the 'wick-in-needle' technique. In the persons with normal plasma proteins we found a mean IIp of 26.9 mmHg, a mean IIi of 15.8 mmHg on the thorax, and a mean IIi of 11.1 mmHg on the lower leg. A fall of IIp from normal values to 16.5 mmHg caused a fall in IIi of about 8 mmHg on the thorax and about 7 mmHg on the leg without oedema formation. In patients with IIp from 16.0 mmHg down to 8.0 mmHg, IIi did not change very much, and was about 5.5 mmHg on the thorax and 2.6 mmHg on the leg. These results support the view that reduction of IIi plays an important role as an oedema preventing factor in patients with hypoproteinaemia. PMID- 7134799 TI - Long-term reproducibility of the intravenous fat tolerance test. AB - The reproducibility of the intravenous fat tolerance test (IVFTT) with Intralipid was studied in 26 healthy volunteers, in whom the test was repeated after 5-9.5 years (mean interval 6.5 years). Mean body mass, IVFTT fractional removal rate and serum TG (triglyceride) concentration were not significantly changed with time, whereas a slight increase of the serum cholesterol concentration from 5.09 +/- 0.12 to 5.54 +/- 0.19 mmol/1 (P less than 0.05) was found. The coefficient of variation intra-individually for the IVFTT k2 value was 16%. The corresponding figure for the serum TG concentration was 29%. The results suggest that the IVFTT might be a useful tool in long-term evaluation of serum TG abnormalities. PMID- 7134800 TI - Trivariate evaluation of a thyroid hormone panel in clinical practice compared with multiple univariate evaluation. AB - The results from 510 consecutive routine determinations of free thyroxine index, free triiodothyronine index and thyrotropin were evaluated using both a trivariate reference region and the combined three univariate reference intervals. The results from 109 patients were discordant when evaluated by both the trivariate and the triple univariate reference regions. In 108 of these subjects the hormone results were found to be abnormal by the triple univariate evaluation method but normal when the trivariate reference region was used. The latter evaluation was in accordance with the clinical findings of the patients, who were euthyroid as evaluated from the 105 medical records we could trace. In one subject, clinically euthyroid, trivariate evaluation misclassified the patient as abnormal in contrast to the classical univariate evaluation. We conclude that the trivariate evaluation method was in better agreement with the clinical diagnosis of the patients and should be used in the routine evaluation of trivariate data in order to diminish the number of false abnormal results. PMID- 7134801 TI - Simultaneous determination of prednisolone and cortisol in serum by HPLC and by isotope dilution--mass spectrometry. AB - A reference method for the simultaneous assay of cortisol and prednisolone by isotope dilution-mass spectrometry has been developed. A fixed amount of 2H4 labelled cortisol is added to a fixed amount of serum. The mixture is then extracted, converted into methoxime-trimethylsilyl derivative, and subjected to analysis by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The ions at m/e 603, m/e 605 and m/e 609 are followed through the gas chromatography. These ions correspond to the M-31 ions in the mass spectrum of methoxime-trimethylsilyl ether derivative of prednisolone, unlabelled cortisol and 2H4-cortisol, respectively. With the use of a standard curve, the concentration of prednisolone can be calculated from the ratio between the peak at m/e 603 and the peak at m/e 609 and the concentration of cortisol can be calculated from the ratio between the peak at m/e 605 and the peak at m/e 609. The coefficient of variation was about 2% with respect to determination of prednisolone and about 3% with respect to determination of cortisol. This method was compared with a routine method based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) The coefficient of variation was 2-3% with respect to determination of cortisol and 1-3% with respect to determination of prednisolone. There was a good correlation between the isotope dilution method (x) and the HPLC method (y). In the assay of serum prednisolone the regression analysis gave the following equation: y = 1.02x -69 nmol/l, r = 0.99. In the assay of serum cortisol, the regression equation was: y = 1.07x-14 nmol/l, r = 0.95. It is concluded that the HPLC-method, used for routine determination of cortisol and prednisolone, has an accuracy sufficient for its intended use. PMID- 7134802 TI - Effects of neomycin alone and in combination with cholestyramine on serum methyl sterols and conversion of acetate and mevalonate to cholesterol. AB - Serum free methyl sterols (cholesterol precursors) and the acetate-mevalonate test (the 14C/3H ratio in serum cholesterol after an intravenous injection of a 14C-acetate-3H-mevalonate mixture) were studied in hypercholesterolaemic patients treated with neomycin, cholestyramine or their combination so as to show whether the two tests could detect changes in cholesterol synthesis (measured with faecal steroids). During a 2-week neomycin treatment the ratio increased (+55%) proportionately with the increase in faecal steroids (+29%), the decrease in serum cholesterol (-20%) being negatively correlated with the change in serum methyl sterols. After 1 to 2 years on neomycin, faecal steroids were still high and serum cholesterol low. The ratio had fallen, however, below the initial level, the respective proportionate decrease in methyl sterols being insignificant. In cholestyramine-treated patients a marked increase in cholesterol synthesis (171% increase in faecal steroids) was reflected in a proportionate increase in the ratio (+196%) and serum methyl sterols (+134%). Inclusion of neomycin in the cholestyramine treatment increased faecal steroids (overall increase 206%) and further decreased serum cholesterol (from -25% to 38%) but tended to reduce the ratio and serum methyl sterols. The findings suggest that neomycin activates the pre- and post-mevalonate steps of cholesterol synthesis. PMID- 7134803 TI - On accuracy in clinical chemistry. PMID- 7134804 TI - A possible model for accuracy control of determination of serum cholesterol with use of reference methods. A NORDKEM project. AB - A candidate definitive method for determination of total serum cholesterol developed at the Center for Analytical Chemistry, National Bureau of Standards, USA, has recently been compared with a reference method based on isotope dilution mass spectrometry, developed at Huddinge Hospital. There was no significant difference (0.2%) in results obtained with the two methods. The Huddinge method was used here for assessment of inaccuracy of a defined enzymatic method, set up and used at four laboratories, one in each of four Nordic countries. The results obtained in the analysis of 21 patient samples were not significantly different from those obtained with the isotope dilution method. In the analytical range 1.7 14.2 mmol/1, the regression equation for the defined enzymatic method (y) versus the isotope dilution method (x) was y = 0.994x - 0.06 and the correlation coefficient 0.9999. The mean between-laboratory variation for the defined enzymatic method was 2.3%. The possibility is discussed that the defined enzymatic method can be used as candidate secondary reference method for assessment of inaccuracy of field methods in national quality control activities. In such a control system, the accuracy can be traced back to the definitive methodology through the hierarchical system. PMID- 7134805 TI - Evidence of increased peripheral catecholamine release in patients with long standing, untreated essential hypertension. AB - In 20 middle-aged men with untreated sustained essential hypertension for more than 5 years, both plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline were positively and significantly correlated with blood pressure. In both hypertensives and 19 normotensive control subjects supine arterial adrenaline concentrations were more than twice the venous concentrations consistent with adrenal production of this catecholamine. Adrenaline a--v(arterial-venous)differences(mean +/- SE) were significantly higher in the hypertensive group (82 +/- 15 pg/ml) than in the controls (50 +/- 5 pg/ml) indicating increased release of adrenaline in the hypertensives (P less than 0.05). Similarly, v-a(venous-arterial) differences of noradrenaline were significantly higher in the hypertensive (44 +/- 20 pg/ml) than in the control group (-10 +/- 16 pg/ml) indicating peripheral noradrenaline release in patients with essential hypertension. The findings are compatible with increased forearm noradrenaline and adrenal adrenaline release in these patients with long-standing untreated essential hypertension. PMID- 7134806 TI - Urinary calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals in ethylene glycol poisoning. AB - Four patients admitted for ethylene glycol intoxication had massive crystalluria, predominantly of needle-shaped calcium oxalate monohydrate--sometimes referred to as the 'hemp seed' habit. A few 'envelope' type crystals of calcium oxalate dihydrate were observed in one urine sample. Although not a pathognomonic sign, the presence of a large number of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals (Whewellite) supports the diagnosis of ethylene glycol poisoning in patients having a metabolic acidosis of unknown aetiology. We conclude that the monohydrate form rather than the dihydrate form is the predominant type of calcium oxalate crystal formed in ethylene glycol poisoning. PMID- 7134807 TI - A rapid one-step method for the isolation of human granulocytes from whole blood. AB - A rapid one-step method for the separation of granulocytes, mononuclear cells and erythrocytes from peripheral blood using two different gradients of Percoll (density solution I: 1.075 kg/l; solution II: 1.096-1.098 kg/l) is described. The influence of temperature on the density of solution II was tested and the variations were found to be of some importance. The average yield of granulocytes from 14 donors was 87.6 +/- 9.6%, and the purity of the granulocytes was 99.66 +/ 0.33%. PMID- 7134808 TI - Toxicity of phospholipase C in rabbits. AB - Tissue thromboplastin is the most potent physiological trigger of blood coagulation and is probably involved in the pathogenesis of several forms of intravascular coagulation. Phospholipase C from Bacillus cereus is an effective inhibitor of thromboplastin. As part of an investigation into the possible use of phospholipase C as a therapeutic or prophylactic agent in thrombosis and other forms of intravascular coagulation, we have previously studied its effect in rats. We now report on the toxicity in rabbits (along with some data on cats and monkeys). Estimated LD50 for rabbits was about 0.45-0.65 mg/kg (as compared to 1.70 mg/kg for rats). No respiratory or circulatory changes were observed, but phospholipase C caused a significant increase of several plasma enzymes in rabbits. PMID- 7134809 TI - Intracellular potassium in man. A comparison of in vivo and in vitro measurement techniques. AB - In order to evaluate different methods of estimating intracellular content of potassium, determinations of potassium were made in erythrocytes, in muscle biopsy specimens and in the total body. The total body potassium (TBK) was related to body weight (Bwt), lean body mass (LBM), dry LBM, soft fat-free solids (SFFS), total body water (TBW) and calculated intracellular fluid (ICF). Sixty two healthy subjects and 80 patients with various diseases and therapy known to influence the potassium metabolism were studied. Statistically significant correlations were found between potassium content in muscle biopsies related to fat-free solids and TBK/Bwt (r = +0.56, P less than 0.05), TBK/LBM (r = + 0.58, P less than 0.01), dry LBM (r = + 0.54, P less than 0.05) and TBK/SFFS (r = + 0.68, P less than 0.01). A correlation was found between muscle potassium related to intramuscular water and TBK/TBW (r = + 0.47, P less than 0.05). No correlations were found between EK and TBK/LBM, TBK/dry LBM or TBK/ICF. Between EK and serum potassium a negative correlation (r = -0.31, P less than 0.05) was found in a group of untreated hypertensives. It is concluded that the quotients of TBK (TBK/LBM, TBK/TBW and TBK/SFFS) might be used in the study of intracellular potassium--at least in the study of patient groups. PMID- 7134810 TI - Hepatic galactose elimination kinetics in the intact pig. AB - The hepatic galactose elimination kinetics was studied in eight anaesthetized pigs by hepatic vein catheterization. Galactose was given as successive constant intravenous infusions so that steady-state concentrations, ranging from 50 mumol/l to 8 mmol/l, were obtained. Concentrations were measured in a peripheral artery and in the hepatic veins. Hepatic blood flow was determined by constant infusion of indocyanine green. The elimination kinetics is described by a mathematical model which assumes that the liver sinusoids are perfused with unidirectional blood flow and that the elimination in the hepatocytes takes place according to Michaelis-Menten kinetics. This creates a decreasing sinusoidal blood concentration from the inlet to the outlet of the liver. The estimated maximal elimination rate, Vmax, was on average 0.67 mmol min-1 kg-1 liver (range 0.55-0.95) and the half saturation concentration Km 0.25 mmol/l (0.12-0.58). The estimate of Km is similar to the value found in the isolated perfused pig liver (0.23 mmol/l), whereas the estimate of Vmax is about 50% higher (0.43 mmol min-1 kg-1 liver), probably due to both extrahepatic elimination in the splanchnic area and a better function of the liver in situ than in the isolated preparation. PMID- 7134811 TI - The concentration of free calcium ions and total calcium in pregnancies at term. AB - The concentration of free calcium ions (cCa2+), total calcium (ctCa) and pH was measured in 46 normal pregnancies at term. Measured with a combined Ca2+-pH electrode system in whole blood, maternal plasma cCa2+ was 1.18 +/- 0.03 mmol/l, and the corresponding plasma pH was 7.37 +/- 0.05 (mean +/- SD). In the cord vein, plasma cCa2+ was 1.44 +/- 0.07 mmol/l and pH 7.37 +/- 0.05. In the cord artery, plasma cCa2+ was 1.47 +/- 0.07 mmol/l and pH 7.29 +/- 0.07. PMID- 7134812 TI - Measurement of the uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity in blood. PMID- 7134813 TI - Injury to cultured human fibroblasts induced by low density lipoproteins: potentiating and protective factors. AB - Low density lipoproteins (LDL) injured cultured fibroblasts provided a certain ratio existed between lipoproteins and infranatant proteins. The mechanism of action appeared similar to the mechanism whereby LDL injure endothelial cells in culture. Enrichment of normal fibroblasts with cholesterol esters by pretreatment with chloroquine and LDL potentiated injury inflicted by subsequent LDL exposure. Pretreatment with chloroquine alone offered partial protection against LDL induced damage while indomethacin and sulphinpyrazone added prior to or together with LDL had no effect. PMID- 7134814 TI - Anterior left ventricular wall circulation in patients with coronary artery disease. AB - The human anterior left ventricular circulation was investigated at rest and during submaximal atrial pacing by measuring the great cardiac venous blood flow by the constant infusion thermodilution method. Forty-seven patients with angina pectoris participated in the study and were grouped stepwise according to degree of arteriosclerosis in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), from normal to occluded vessel. Special attention was paid to patients with earlier infarcts and to collateral circulation. Blood flow to the myocardium was slightly but significantly reduced only among patients with a subtotal stenosis of the LAD without demonstrable collateral circulation, and only during atrial pacing. This conforms with an increased coronary arteriolar resistance in these patients. Myocardial oxygen extraction was, however, increased in all groups of patients with LAD stenosis from 50% to occlusion, except in patients with an earlier anterior wall myocardial infarction. This suggests a disproportion between oxygen demand and blood flow leading to increased extraction in patients without infarcts and a shunting of blood through scarred myocardium with a low oxygen demand in those with a previous necrosis, and is confirmed by a decreased ratio between myocardial flow and cardiac work. Patients with an increased oxygen extraction may benefit from coronary bypass surgery to the LAD area while those without may not. PMID- 7134815 TI - Activity of creatine kinase isoenzymes in the serum after acute alcohol intake and in chronic alcoholism. AB - The activities of CK and its isoenzymes were determined in the sera of six test subjects just before, and 6 and 24 h after, alcohol intake. The CK activity was higher after alcohol intake, but the change was not significant. CK-MB isoenzyme was not observed. The activities of CK and its isoenzymes were also determined in serum from 14 chronic alcoholics, who had consumed alcohol for several days before the blood sampling. Pathologically high activity of creatine kinase was found in six of them, but CK-MB and CK-BB isoenzymes were not found. PMID- 7134816 TI - The continuous thermodilution method for measuring high blood flows. AB - The continuous thermodilution method for the measurement of blood flow from 300 to 1500 ml/min was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. In vitro experiments indicated that thermotransport within the catheter, causing a temperature measurement error, can occur. Flow model measurements were used for consequent modification of the original thermodilution formula for calculation of flow. In the in vivo investigations the thermodilution and electromagnetic methods were compared for measurement of pig portal blood flow. Using the modified formula for the flow calculations, good agreement was found between the two methods (r = 0.958). For the continuous thermodilution method in vivo the standard deviation of a single measurement was 19 ml/min and the coefficient of variation 1.6%. PMID- 7134817 TI - Arterial pH monitoring with monocrystalline antimony sensors. A study of sensitivity for PO2 variations. AB - Monocrystalline antimony catheter electrodes were studied intra-arterially in non heparinized dogs. The sensitivity for variations in arterial PO2 (PaO2) was evaluated for this kind of metal-metal oxide pH sensor. The influence of PaO2 compensation on a previous pH sensitivity estimate was calculated. When the mV signal from the antimony sensor, after compensation for pH and temperature variations, was expressed as a function of log10 PaO2, a non-linear relation was found for the PaO2 range studied, 2.9-50 kPa. After calculations this range was divided into a lower and a higher sub-range. A first-order linear approximation was applied for these subranges. The sensitivity for oxygen was 70 mV/log10 PaO2 in the range 2.9kPa less than PaO2 less than 10 kPa, and 20.7 mV/log10 PaO2 in the range 10 kPA less than PaO2 less than 50 kPa. The non-logarithmic sensitivity for intra-arterial oxygen is contradictory to results from in vitro studies in test solutions. The present study indicates that the monocrystalline antimony pH sensor has a sensitivity for PaO2 variations which is closely correlated to the haemoglobin-oxygen dissociation function. When compensation for PaO2 variations was performed on an earlier evaluated study over a wide pH range but limited PaO2 range, the pH sensitivity previously found was not influenced. PMID- 7134818 TI - Continuous intra-arterial PO2 monitoring with a surface heparinized catheter electrode. A study of conformity in conventional blood gas analysis and of long term electrode function in the non-heparinized dog. AB - Surface-heparinized catheter PO2 electrodes were used for continuous intra arterial monitoring in non-heparinized dogs. During one-day experiments the read out of the electrode monitoring unit was compared with that of conventional blood gas analysis. Furthermore, the electrodes were studied after long-term implantation. The intra-arterial PO2 electrodes have previously been reported to be linear in the gas phase, water phase and in heparinized blood. The present study demonstrates that the catheter electrodes remain linear after surface heparinization. As compared with the conventional blood gas analysis it was found that the desk analyser in the range PaO2 greater than 18 kPa underestimated the actual PaO2 as compared to the invasively monitored PaO2, but in the range below 7 kPa the desk analyser overestimated the PaO2. Surface-heparinized PO2 catheter electrodes were studied after up to 23 days of implantation. No coagulation phenomenon was found around the catheters, neither macroscopically nor by scanning electron microscopy. The electrical function withstood 7 days of implantation. After more extended periods the electrical leads were broken without any damage to the catheter itself. When compared with acutely implanted surface-heparinized electrodes, there was no difference in monitoring characteristics between the acutely implanted and the long-term implanted PO2 electrodes. PMID- 7134819 TI - Accumulation of pyroglutamic acid (5-oxoproline) in homocystinuria. AB - A 12-year-old boy with homocystinuria due to a cystathionine synthetase defect was shown to accumulate large amounts of pyroglutamic acid (pyroglu). In four different urine samples the concentration ranged between 4.1 and 9.7 mol/mol of creatinine. The pyroglu concentration in plasma was 1.6 mmol/l, and in erythrocytes 750 nmol/g cells. Normally only trace amounts are present. The pyroglu levels normalized during treatment with pyridoxine and folic acid. Accumulation of pyroglu has not previously been described in homocystinuria. Homocysteine can replace cysteine as a substrate for gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of glutathione, giving gamma glutamylhomocysteine. This dipeptide is efficiently split by gamma glutamylcyclotransferase to pyroglu and homocysteine. This reaction sequence most likely explains the accumulation of pyroglu in our patient. Ten other homocystinuria patients, who all had lower plasma levels of homocysteine, did not accumulate pyroglu. Our patient might either be a new variant, or more likely the pyroglu formation occurs only high levels of homocysteine. PMID- 7134820 TI - Home testing for pregnancy--can it be recommended? AB - A kit for home testing for pregnancy (Predictor) was tested by 201 volunteers with a menstrual delay of eight days or more who had requested a pregnancy test at a pharmacy. This number corresponds to two-thirds of the women attending the pharmacy for this purpose during the study period. The same urine sample was also tested by experienced analysts with Pregnosticon All-In--an essentially identical method with a guaranteed sensitivity of 1000 U/1 (2nd IS)--as well as assayed for choriogonadotrophin (CG) content by a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay. Of 101 samples with a CG concentration of more than 1000 U/1 all were positive with the home test. Of 95 samples with a CG concentration below 1000 U/1, 91 were recorded as negative, two as equivocal and two as positive. The figures for sensitivity and predictive values of positive and negative test results were thus 98-100%, and those for Pregnosticon All-In were 99-100%. We conclude that home testing for pregnancy with suitable reagents may offer acceptable sensitivity and efficiency. PMID- 7134821 TI - Plasma concentrations of five proteinase inhibitors in healthy school-age children and in children with familial risk of ischaemic heart disease. AB - The plasma concentrations of five proteinase inhibitors (alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor, alpha 2-antitrypsin, antithrombin III, C1-inactivator, alpha 2 macroglobulin) in healthy school-age children were determined by electroimmunoassay. The concentrations of the same proteins were further determined in children with a familial risk of developing ischaemic heart disease. A significantly lower concentration of antithrombin III and a higher concentration of fibrinogen was found in this group. PMID- 7134822 TI - Effect of physical training on serum lipids and serum HDL cholesterol in young men. AB - To examine the effect of physical training on serum lipoproteins and lipids a group of 54 young males participated in a longitudinal study. The participants underwent a supervised physical training programme for 12 weeks. Initially and at the end of the training period the group was exercise-tested on an ergometric bicycle, performed a 12-min run test, and had blood samples drawn for determination of serum lipoproteins and lipids. Although maximum oxygen uptake (P less than 0.001) and the distance run (P less than 0.01) were significantly increased after physical training, we found virtually unchanged body weight and serum levels of HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol and triglycerides. It is suggested that the previously described effects of physical training on HDL cholesterol is caused by a body weight reduction rather than changes in physical condition. PMID- 7134823 TI - High performance thin layer chromatography of disaturated phosphatidylcholines in amniotic fluid. AB - A method for isolation and quantification of disaturated phosphatidylcholines in amniotic fluid is described. Phospholipids are extracted with chloroform/methanol, and the unsaturated lipids are reacted with osmium tetroxide. The saturated phospholipids are separated on high performance thin layer silica gel plates with a concentrating zone. The coloured lipid spots are quantified by reflectometric scanning and compared with standards. The between day coefficient of variation is 4-5% for values near the lower reference limit. Total analysis time for an amniotic fluid sample is about 2 h. PMID- 7134824 TI - Combined scintigraphy of liver, spleen, and lung in the diagnosis of subphrenic abscess. AB - Two hundred and fifty-six patients have, during the past 5 years, been examined by combined liver, spleen, and lung radionuclide imaging. The reason for this investigation was to identify or rule out subphrenic abscess, which is a rare but feared complication of abdominal surgery. Primary subphrenic abscess may also be seen, and in such cases the diagnosis is extremely difficult. Subphrenic abscess was demonstrated by radionuclide imaging in 17 patients, and all of these were later confirmed by surgery. In this study there was one false-positive and one false-negative result. During this period other pathological conditions involving lung and liver and with symptoms similar to subphrenic abscess have also been demonstrated by this technique, such as lung embolism and liver abscess. PMID- 7134825 TI - Hepatic elimination of endogenous gastrin in pigs. AB - To assess hepatic elimination of gastrin, concentrations of gastrin were determined radioimmunochemically in plasma samples collected simultaneously in six pigs from the portal vein, hepatic vein, and a peripheral artery before and after stimulation of the antrum with meat extract. The portal plasma flow and the total plasma volume were measured. During meat extract stimulation the antral release of gastrin increased significantly (p less than 0.05), from 15.9 +/- 3.4 ng/min to 35.6 +/- 5.4 ng/min, and the hepatic elimination increased significantly (p less than 0.05), from 10.4 +/- 2.8 ng/min to 25.5 +/- 5.9 ng/min (mean +/- S.E.M., six pigs). The artery to mesenteric vein concentration ratio was 1.03 +/- 0.05 in the basal and 0.97 +/- 0.10 in the stimulated period, indicating neither release nor uptake of gastrin in the intestines of five pigs. Hepatic elimination of gastrin was roughly proportional to the gastrin concentrations in portal venous plasma. The mean hepatic plasma clearance of gastrin was 148 +/- 26 ml/min and the total body clearance 268 +/- 43 ml/min. Thus extrasplanchnic gastrin removal accounted for half of total body elimination. It is concluded that in anesthetized pigs the "first-pass" effect on portal gastrin content makes the liver one of the important sites for elimination of endogenous gastrin. PMID- 7134826 TI - Serum and urinary bile acids in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - Serum concentrations and daily urinary excretions of unsulphated and total cholic (C) and chenodeoxycholic (CDC) acid were determined by radioimmunoassay in 15 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Thirteen patients had increased fasting serum bile acid concentrations; two of them had an increase of C only. An increase of C and CDC in serum was always followed by an increased urinary excretion of C and CDC. The individual serum bile acids were separated by gas liquid chromatography. 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid was increased in nine patients, and its serum concentration was correlated to the total serum bile acid concentration. Deoxycholic (DC) and lithocholic (LC) acid were found in most patients, but their serum concentrations were not correlated to the total serum bile acid concentration. Minor bile acids comprised an average of 2% of the total concentration. PMID- 7134827 TI - Effect of cimetidine on the absorption of vitamin B12. AB - The effect of cimetidine on the absorption of orally administered crystalline or food (egg yolk-bound) vitamin B12 (B12) was studied in 13 patients. Absorption or crystalline B12 was normal and not significantly changed by cimetidine. In contrast, the uptake of food-bound B12 decreased in all patients, from a mean of 5.3% without the drug to 2.5% after it, a fall of 53% (p less than 0.0001). This impairment of B12 absorption raises the possibility that long-term, full-dose therapy with cimetidine may produce B12 deficiency similar to that seen in other hypochlorhydric states. Our data indicate that cimetidine-induced B12 malabsorption would not be detected by the standard Schilling test. PMID- 7134828 TI - Gastric acid response to sham feeding and pentagastrin before and after parietal cell vagotomy in patients with duodenal ulcer. AB - The influence of sham feeding (PAOSh) preceding pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion (PAOPg) was investigated in 28 patients with duodenal ulcer (DU) before vagotomy and in 36 after parietal cell vagotomy (PCV). Sham feeding had little influence on PAOPg, and it is concluded that the two secretion tests may be combined. The ratio PAOSh/PAOPg was significantly reduced by PCV. Fourty-four patients with DU were studied for 1 year after PCV, and their PAOPg was measured preoperatively and their PAOPg and PAOSh postoperatively. Seven of the 44 patients had recurrent ulcer within 1 year. PAOPg had no predictive value pre- and post-operatively, but postoperative PAOSh and PAOSh/PAOPg were both significantly higher in patients with recurrent ulcer. It is concluded that PAOSh and PAOSh/PAOPg after PCV may assess completeness of vagotomy, but the relationship between PAOSh and risk of recurrent ulcer may be stronger than that between PAOSh/PAOPg and recurrence. PMID- 7134829 TI - Postprandial serum bile acids in resected and non-resected patients with Crohn's disease. AB - Fasting and postprandial serum conjugates of cholic acid (CCA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CCDA) were determined by radioimmunoassay in 46 healthy individuals and 15 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 7 bowel-resected and 8 non resected. All patients had normal conventional liver test results, and fasting values of CCA and CCDA were within the reference ranges. Two findings appeared: the mean postprandial increases in CCA and CCDA were both lower in CD patients than than in healthy individuals, and the postprandial increase in CCA was lower in the resected patients than in the non-resected, whereas the postprandial increase in CCDA was the same in the resected and the non-resected patients. These findings show that in CD patients, whether resected or not, the postprandial levels of bile acids are low. This could reflect a decreased absorptive capacity of bile acids in the small intestine. The finding that postprandial CCA, but not CCDA, was lower in resected than in non-resected patients may reflect different sites of CCA and CCDA absorption. PMID- 7134830 TI - Quantitative electron microscopical studies of parietal cells after antral exclusion in the rat. AB - Antral exclusion was performed in seven adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, which were killed 10 weeks later. Fasting serum gastrin concentrations were almost four times higher than in unoperated controls. There was a slight increase in the thickness of the gastric mucosa, but quantitative electron microscopy showed no significant changes in parietal cells. PMID- 7134832 TI - Bioavailability of iron from Western-type whole meals. AB - The absorption of non-heme iron was measured in 10 meals designed to correspond to a whole main meal with an energy content of about 1000 kcal. The extrinsic tag method was used to label the non-heme iron, and two meals were compared in each subject by means of two radioiron isotopes. All absorption figures were related to the absorption of a 3-mg reference dose of inorganic iron, and all absorption figures were normalized to a 40% absorption from the reference dose, a level corresponding to absorption in subjects who are borderline iron-deficient. In spite of the similar energy content of the meals and only a twofold variation in content of non-heme iron (3.9-7.8 mg), there was a fivefold difference in absorption of non-heme iron (0.33-1.80 mg). Considering also the content of heme iron in the meals, the calculated variation in absorption was sixfold (0.33-1.95 mg). The main part of this variation can be explained by a varying content of ascorbic acid and meat. The absorption of iron from meals can be expressed in different ways. The percentage absorption is a measure of the bioavailability, which can be markedly modified by several components of a meal. The amount absorbed is, moreover, related to the amounts of heme and non-heme iron present. The amount absorbed per unit energy in the meal, the bioavailable nutrient density, is an expression of great importance in the practical assessment of the nutritive value of a meal with respect to iron. PMID- 7134831 TI - Nitrite and nitrosamines in gastric juice: risk factors for gastric cancer? AB - Nitrite and nitrosamine concentrations have been measured in 108 patients undergoing gastroscopy as a part of routine gastrointestinal investigations. The nitrite and nitrosamine values of 20 patients with duodenal and 11 patients with benign gastric ulcer were within the range of the values of 26 normal subjects. The nitrite and nitrosamine concentrations in 32 patients with inflammatory changes of the gastric mucosa were slightly higher than normal values and correlated with the progressive degrees of the severity. In 19 patients with atrophic gastritis the concentrations of nitrite and nitrosamines were significantly elevated in comparison with those of all other groups. Our data suggest a relationship between the constant exposure of an already damaged gastric mucosa to N-nitroso compounds and the known high incidence of gastric cancer in atrophic gastritis. PMID- 7134833 TI - Psychic disturbances in adult coeliac disease. I. Clinical observations. AB - Adult coeliac patients living in a defined area of Sweden were examined for a history of major psychiatric illness occurring before the coeliac disease had been diagnosed. Eight of 42 patients without dermatitis herpetiformis (19%) and one medical control subject had attended a psychiatric clinic over a 10-year period for neurotic disorders (p less than 0.05), mostly depression. Our study shows that psychiatric illness may be severe in undiagnosed adult coeliac patients. It was found to be the commonest reason for granting disability pension in our series, having occurred in altogether six patients. PMID- 7134834 TI - Psychic disturbances in adult coeliac disease. II. Psychological findings. AB - Psychiatric illness has been observed to be a main cause of disability in undiagnosed adult coeliac disease. A consecutive series of 16 patients with newly detected adult coeliac disease underwent assessment of personality by means of the MMPI. The coeliacs scored high, 70.3 +/- 12.5, only on MMPI scale 2 ('depression'), which was the only significant difference from matched surgical controls. The score correlated 0.66 with daily fat excretion (p less than 0.05) but was unrelated to abdominal complaints. The general intellectual level, assessed by the SRB test, was similar in coeliacs and controls. Our results suggest that depressive psychopathology is a feature of adult coeliac disease and may be a consequence of malabsorption. PMID- 7134835 TI - Sclerosing cholangitis in ulcerative colitis. A follow-up study. AB - In the 5-year period 1974-78, 48 (14%) of 336 patients with ulcerative colitis were found to have hepatobiliary disease. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) was successfully performed in 39 of these 48 patients, and sclerosing cholangitis was demonstrated in 19. One is excluded from this series because Crohn's disease was diagnosed at reclassification of the bowel disease. Two of the 18 patients with ulcerative colitis and sclerosing cholangitis have died, one of cholangiocarcinoma and one of an unrelated cause. The remaining 16 patients have been observed for a median period of 6 years (3-13 years) since the diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease. Ten have remained symptom-free, four have had intermittent or non-progressive symptoms, and two have developed symptoms of advanced chronic liver disease. The bilirubin level, which was initially raised in one of the patients, was elevated in four at the follow-up examination. Otherwise the laboratory values have remained stationary. Evidence of a progression of the hepatobiliary disease was found in most patients by repeated liver biopsy and particularly ERC. It is concluded that sclerosing cholangitis may remain asymptomatic for several years. Since progressive cholangiographic changes were often seen without concomitant worsening of symptoms, laboratory data, and liver biopsy findings, it is concluded that these criteria are of limited use in evaluating the progression of this disease. PMID- 7134836 TI - Early increased pancreatic secretory capacity during alcohol adaptation in the dog. AB - Pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate and protein in response to graded secretin administration with and without concomitant 5 micrograms . kg-1 . h-1 atropine was examined in gastric and duodenal fistula dogs after 6 and 12 months of 2 g.kg 1.day-1 ethanol intake. Maximal responses of water and bicarbonate were significantly increased after 6 months of alcohol treatment compared with untreated animals, from 12.3 to 18.1 ml/10 min for volumes and from 1.76 to 2.63 meq/10 min for bicarbonate outputs. No further increase occurred during the following 6 months. The sensitivity to secretin was not changed, and the atropine dose did not affect the responses. The protein output in the untreated dogs was constant at 12.8 mg/10 min at all secretin doses and was reduced by 50% by concomitant atropine. Long-term administration of ethanol seemed to induce a dose related increase of the protein response to secretin, the maximal output being 30.9 mg/10 min. The infused dose of atropine shifted the dose-response relationship to the right, thus making it more evident. Six months' alcohol treatment thus increased the secretory capacity of the pancreas in response to secretin. The increased volume and bicarbonate responses are best explained by the previously described neogenesis of ducts in alcohol-fed dogs. The increased protein response is assumedly due to the here-described appearance of acinar cell responsiveness to secretin. PMID- 7134838 TI - Antroduodenal motility before, during, and after food intake in patients with X ray-negative dyspepsia and abnormal duodenal loop and in healthy people. AB - Antroduodenal motility was studied before, during, and after food intake in patients with X-ray-negative dyspepsia and abnormal duodenal loop and in normals. No differences were observed between X-ray-negative dyspepsia and a proximally located abnormal duodenal loop. Patients with a distal duodenal anomaly had significantly higher food-stimulated duodenal activity than any of the other groups studied, whereas no differences were observed in antral motility. PMID- 7134837 TI - Virus antibodies in the serum of patients with liver disease. AB - Two hundred and twenty-six patients suspected of having liver disease were examined clinically, by a liver biopsy and laboratory test, according to a prospective scheme. Blood samples obtained just before the liver biopsy were coded and subsequently examined blindly, using the complement fixation test (CFT). The antigens were influenza A and B viruses, parainfluenza 1, 2, and 3, respiratory syncytial viruses, varicella, morbilli, cytomegalo and herpes simplex viruses. The sera were also examined by the CFT against Mycoplasma pneumoniae antigen. Antibodies against rubella virus were determined in a haemolysis-in-gel test. HBsAg and HBsAb were determined by a staphylococcal radioimmunoassay, and sera from patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) and chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) were also examined for antibodies against hepatitis A virus by radioimmunoassay. Highly significant antibody titres against morbilli virus were found in patients with CAH and CPH. Patients with CPH or liver cirrhosis also had significantly higher titres against rubella virus than other groups. Some patients with liver granulomas had high titres against rubella virus. Only in one patient with CAH was a positive test for HBsAg found, and in one a positive test for HBsAb. Seven patients in the CAH and CPH groups had very high titres against both rubella and morbilli viruses. PMID- 7134839 TI - Coeliac disease, fertility, and pregnancy. AB - The effect of coeliac disease and its treatment on fertility and pregnancy in 74 patients is reported. Those on a normal diet had a shorter reproductive period, were relatively infertile, and had a higher incidence of spontaneous abortions than those on a gluten-free diet. Although maternal health did not appear to be seriously impaired by pregnancy in undiagnosed coeliacs, those on a gluten-free diet had significantly fewer symptoms and had heavier babies. PMID- 7134840 TI - Ultrasonography, 99mTc-DIDA cholescintigraphy, and infusion tomography in the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. AB - Ultrasonography, 99mTc-DIDA cholescintigraphy, and infusion tomography of the gallbladder were compared in a prospective study comprising 45 consecutive patients clinically suspected of having acute cholecystitis. The diagnosis of acute cholecystitis was established or excluded by operation in 35 patients, by oral cholecystography in 5, and by intravenous cholangiography in 5. The predictive values of a positive and a negative test were 100% and 83%, respectively, by ultrasonography and 98% and 88% by cholescintigraphy. Corresponding values for infusion tomography were 87% and 33%. The results suggest that in patients suspected of having acute cholecystitis, 99mTc-DIDA cholescintigraphy and ultrasonography provide a rapid and reliable diagnosis. PMID- 7134841 TI - Brain availability of monoamine precursors in adult coeliac disease. AB - Adults with untreated coeliac disease show signs of reduced central monoamine metabolism. The reason is obscure, and in the present study we investigated the brain availability of the monoamine precursors tryptophan and tyrosine in 11 untreated coeliac patients. The brain availability appeared to be unaffected in most of the patients, and the rise in serum tryptophan levels after oral casein administration was similar in coeliac and control subjects. Four of the 11 coeliac patients showed impaired brain availability with respect to tryptophan. Since they comprised all with a history of major psychiatric illness, this observation may have therapeutical implications for the management of depression in adult coeliac patients. PMID- 7134843 TI - Reflux esophagitis. PMID- 7134842 TI - Impaired in vitro function of neutrophils in Crohn's disease. AB - The in vitro function of neutrophil granulocytes from 11 patients with Crohn's disease was studied. Nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test results were normal in all patients. Increased intracellular survival of Staphylococcus aureus, impaired glucose-1-14C metabolism of the granulocytes at rest and during phagocytosis, and reduced and delayed staphylococcus-induced granulocyte chemiluminescence response were recorded in the patients with Crohn's disease, a defect that may be involved in the pathogenesis of the chronic granulomatous inflammatory response in this disease. PMID- 7134844 TI - The effect of early pancreatectomy and peritoneal lavage on the development of experimental haemorrhagic pancreatitis in pigs. AB - Forty-seven piglets were operated on; haemorrhagic pancreatitis was induced in 42 of them. The effects of pancreatic resection and peritoneal lavage on the development of the disease were compared. Since the pancreatic phospholipase A2 value has been shown to be important in the pathophysiology of the disease, the effect of pancreatic resection on the enzyme serum activities was studied. Early pancreatic resection and early peritoneal lavage were equally effective in reducing the mortality of the animals. When the pancreatic resection was performed later, most of the animals died. The difference in mortality between the groups was statistically significant (p less than 0.01). In the animals with late pancreatectomy the high serum phospholipase A2 activities fell to normal levels within a few hours after the operation. This strongly suggests that the enzyme is of pancreatic origin. PMID- 7134845 TI - Plasma cholesterol fractions after jejunoileal bypass with 3:1 or 1:3 jejunoileal ratio. AB - Jejunoileal bypass results in a 40% reduction in total plasma cholesterol both with a 3:1 and with a 1:3 jejunoileal ratio of the segments left in continuity, in spite of a lower rate of cholesterol degradation to bile salts with a 1:3 jejunoileal ratio. We measured total cholesterol, total triglycerides, and high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in plasma from 34 patients who either were waiting for or had had bypass surgery with 3:1 or 1:3 jejunoileal ratio 3, 9, or 15 months earlier. Total cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly reduced after bypass surgery but showed no significant difference between 3:1 and 1:3 bypass and no significant changes with time after surgery. The HDL cholesterol showed no significant differences between the groups except for a moderately decreased level in the 1:3 bypass group 3 months after surgery. LDL cholesterol was pronouncedly reduced in the bypass groups compared with the unoperated group and was not significantly related to the jejunoileal ratio of the bypass or to the time since surgery. PMID- 7134846 TI - Fasting serum bile acids in liver disease. A comparison with histological features. AB - In a prospective series of 205 patients undergoing liver biopsy, fasting plasma total bile acid (TBA) levels were compared with 11 different histological features. The TBA level was found to correlate positively (P less than 0.001) with the extent of total hepatic damage. In both alcoholic (no. = 93) and non alcoholic disease (no. = 112) TBA levels correlated better with characteristics consistent with inflammation and Kupffer cell activity than with connective tissue changes. The degree of steatosis had no effect on TBA levels. Of 117 patients with greater than or equal to 5 of 33 possible biopsy score points, 44, or 38%, had normal TBA levels. All patients with biopsy scores greater than or equal to 12 had abnormally high TBA. Although an elevated fasting TBA level is specific for hepatobiliary disease, the test is insensitive and is not appropriate for screening purposes. This applies equally to alcoholic and non alcoholic liver disease. PMID- 7134847 TI - Failures after surgical treatment of patients with hiatus hernia and reflux symptoms. A pathophysiological study. AB - Patients treated surgically for hiatus hernia and reflux symptoms may still have reflux symptoms at follow-up examination, even though relapse of the hernia cannot be demonstrated on X ray. In an attempt to explain the causes of surgical failures, a group of 13 patients with persisting reflux symptoms after a modified Belsey MK IV repair for sliding hiatus hernia and reflux symptoms underwent intraluminal oesophageal manometry, acid clearing test, and 12-h continuous pH recording in the lower part of the oesophagus. None of the patients had radiological relapse of the hernia. The results of these tests, pre- and post operatively, were compared with the results obtained in a group of successfully treated patients and with normal subjects. No differences of clinical importance could be demonstrated between the two patient groups with regard to the preoperative test results. Postoperatively, the 'failures' had low sphincter pressure, prolonged acid clearing, and pathological acid reflux. The tests seem of little value in the prediction of symptomatic failures, but do to some extent explain the symptoms of surgical 'failures'. PMID- 7134848 TI - Pancreatic synthetic rates: a new test of pancreatic function. AB - Synthesis of pancreatic enzymes was measured in 7 patients with chronic pancreatitis and 10 patients with no pancreatic disease, on the basis of the incorporation of 75Se-methionine into pancreatic exocrine proteins. Two of the patients with chronic pancreatitis had normal exocrine function. Pancreatic secretion was stimulated by intravenous infusion of secretin (1 clinical unit x kg-1 x h-1) and cholecystokinin (1 Ivy dog unit x kg-1 x h-1). 75Se-methionine (3.0 microCi x kg-1) was added to the infusion. Synthetic rates were significantly greater in all the patients with chronic pancreatitis, including the two individuals with normal responses to stimulation with secretin and cholecystokinin. Studies of synthetic rates may therefore be able to confirm the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis before exocrine insufficiency becomes manifest. PMID- 7134849 TI - Incidence of alcoholic chronic pancreatitis in Copenhagen. AB - A retrospective study of 126 patients with chronic pancreatitis diagnosed from 1970 to 1979 is presented. The aim was to evaluate whether the incidence of chronic pancreatitis had increased and to present briefly the clinical aspects of chronic pancreatitis in Copenhagen. The annual incidence of chronic pancreatitis rose from 6.9 to 10.0 per 100,000 during the 10 years of the study. This increase was only due to an augmentation in the number of patients with alcoholic chronic pancreatitis. Clinical aspects of chronic pancreatitis were similar to those found in other European countries. The present study suggests that alcoholic chronic pancreatitis will be a commoner disease in Denmark in the future. PMID- 7134850 TI - Renal excretion of and the effect of posture on serum group I pepsinogens. AB - Serum group I pepsinogens (PG I) were determined by a radioimmunoassay method in blood drawn from the right femoral vein, the right renal vein, the liver vein, the right atrium, and the left femoral artery from 10 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. Clinically they had no cardiac insufficiency, and their renal function was normal. The serum PG I concentration was similar in the femoral artery and vein and in the right atrium. On the other hand, serum PG I was higher in the liver vein and lower in the renal vein than in the other sampling sites. The renal arteriovenous serum PG I difference was positively correlated to the arterial concentration. The influence of posture on serum PG I was studied in another nine healthy subjects. Serum PG I was lower in the supine position than in the erect position. PMID- 7134851 TI - The effect of partial gastrectomy on bone mineral metabolism. AB - The occurrence of postgastrectomy bone disease was studied in 42 patients who had been subjected to gastric surgery for duodenal or gastric ulceration 5-7 years earlier. Hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, and an increase in serum alkaline phosphatase were infrequent. No difference was observed in S-25OHD between the patients and controls, but S-24,25(OH)2D was higher in the patients. The bone mineral density (BMD) values showed no statistically significant difference between the patients and controls before or after the operation. There was a slight fall in BMD values during the follow-up period, but the decrease was similar in the patients and controls and was not statistically significant. The histomorphometric analysis revealed a greater amount of trabecular bone and osteoid in the patients. The means of the osteoid variables were well within normal limits, but a very slight increase in osteoid volume was observed in 4 of the 35 patients. It is concluded that a partial gastrectomy and vagotomy had not caused significant disturbances in bone mineral metabolism. The vitamin D status of the patients was good owing to the adequate dietary regimens that had been given to the patients. PMID- 7134852 TI - Predictive value of the concentration in serum of total 3 alpha-hydroxy bile acids in the diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease. AB - Fasting serum levels of total 3 alpha-hydroxy bile acids were measured in 163 consecutive patients, who clinically were suspected of having a hepatobiliary disorder. By means of routine biochemical liver tests and paraclinical investigations the clinical suspicion was confirmed in 95 patients and disproved in the other 68 patients. A comparison between this diagnostic grouping and the serum bile acids levels showed that the predictive value of serum concentrations above a discrimination value of 10 mumol/l--that is, the predictive value of a positive test--was 1.0 (0.94-1.0), whereas the corresponding predictive value of a negative test was 0.66 (0.56-0.75). Thus, fasting serum levels of total 3 alpha hydroxy bile acids may be used as a highly specific and moderately sensitive diagnostic test for hepatobiliary disorders. Furthermore, the study showed that the nosographic sensitivity of total 3 alpha-hydroxy bile acids in patients with verified cirrhosis was significantly greater than that of serum bilirubins and not significantly different from those of the other routine biochemical liver tests. PMID- 7134853 TI - Evaluation of a new method for abdominal compression for use in oesophageal investigation. AB - The use of conventional extra-abdominal compression with a constant cuff pressure was shown to give various pressures intra-abdominally in different subjects. A feedback system was therefore used, in which the extra-abdominal pressure is controlled by the intra-abdominal pressure. For an intra-abdominal pressure increase of 15 mm Hg the external cuff pressure in 20 subjects varied from 21 to 98 mm Hg. There was, however, an almost linear relationship between increased intra-abdominal pressure and cuff pressure. The extra-abdominal pressure required to obtain a certain intra-abdominal pressure also varied with the size of the cuff. To obtain relevant and comparable results in studies of hiatal incompetence and gastro-oesophageal reflux, the feedback system is recommended and the size of the intra-abdominal cuff should be stated. PMID- 7134854 TI - Influence of food intake and postural changes on gastroesophageal sphincter pressure in patients with reflux esophagitis and in controls. AB - The gastroesophageal sphincter pressure (GESP) was studied before, during, and after food intake in 9 reflux esophagitis patients and 11 healthy controls. A significant decrease in GESP was observed 5, 10, and 30 min after the beginning of the meal in reflux esophagitis patients, contrasting with an increase during food intake in the control group. In the supine position GESP was significantly lower than in the sitting position in esophagitis patients, contrasting with a significantly higher GESP in the supine position in the control group. These results may explain why patients with gastroesophageal reflux often develop their symptoms during food intake and in the supine position. PMID- 7134855 TI - Gastric acid secretion in children with duodenal ulceration. PMID- 7134856 TI - The effect of variations in intragastric pressure and gastric emptying of a saline meal in humans. AB - We have investigated the effect of variations in intragastric (IG) pressure on gastric emptying (GE) of a saline meal in six healthy subjects and six vagotomized patients. IG pressure was measured by an IG flaccid bag and GE by a marker. Studies were done during infusion of 0, 3, and 9 micrograms x kg-1 x min 1 dopamine without and after an injection of domperidone, a dopamine antagonist. Graded doses of dopamine decreased IG pressure and delayed GE emptying in both healthy and vagotomized subjects. A significant correlation was found between variations of IG pressure and GE. Both dopamine effects were antagonized by domperidone. These studies indicated that dopamine or its agonist and domperidone may be indicated in vagotomized patients with accelerated or delayed GE of liquids, respectively. PMID- 7134857 TI - Endoscopic duodenal biopsy compared with biopsy with the Watson capsule from the upper jejunum in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. AB - Forty-eight patients with dermatitis herpetiformis were investigated with duodenoscopy, endoscopic biopsy, and conventional upper jejunal biopsy. Three endoscopic biopsy specimens were obtained from the duodenal bulb, three to six specimens from the second part of the duodenum, and one suction biopsy from the upper jejunum. In 60%, 71%, and 65% of the patients subtotal or partial villous atrophy was found in biopsies from the three levels, respectively. In eight patients (17%) mucosal abnormalities were confined to the duodenal biopsies and in two patients to the jejunal biopsies. The technique of endoscopic biopsy is advocated because multiple visually selected duodenal specimens may be obtained and because this technique also enables a complete evaluation of the stomach. PMID- 7134858 TI - Bypass revision in unsatisfactory weight loss after jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity. AB - Sixteen patients with unsatisfactory weight loss after end-to-side jejunoileal bypass were treated with either simple resection of the elongated segment of the shunt (10 patients) or resection combined with conversion to an end-to-end anastomosis (Scott) (6 patients). This led to an additional median weight loss of 13.5 kg (range, 3-25 kg) after 1 year. Scott's procedure yielded the greatest weight loss, but the price was bypass enteritis, arthritis, or electrolyte disturbances in all but one patient. Two of these patients required conversion to gastroplasty. After simple resection of the shunt less than half of the patients required electrolyte supplementation. Most of these patients, however, had unsatisfactory weight loss, which necessitated further surgery in five patients. Only 6 of the 16 patients had good results. In consequence, we have for the past 2 years used conversion to gastroplasty in patients with unsatisfactory weight loss after jejunoileal bypass. PMID- 7134859 TI - Role of delayed gastric emptying in the pathogenesis of cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcer in the rat. AB - Cysteamine is a potent duodenal ulcerogen in rats. It has been demonstrated to inhibit gastric empyting, whose role in ulcer formation is unknown. In the present study the effect of cysteamine on gastric motility and emptying rate in rats was studied by direct fluoroscopic observation. The delayed gastric empyting was due to a pronounced relaxation of the stomach and a complete blocking of gastric peristalsis. These effects have their maximum within the first 4 h after administration of cysteamine. Thereafter peristalsis and gastric empyting slowly return. In controls contrast medium administered intragastrically was completely discharged from the stomach within 30 min. After cysteamine the first small amounts of contrast medium were discharged into the duodenum after 4 h, and contrast medium remained in the stomach for at least 12 h after administration. The size of the stomach reached a maximum after 3 h and approached normal values again after 12 h. Because of complete gastric retention the acid gastric secretions provoked by cysteamine probably accumulate in the stomach during the first 4 h after cysteamine administration, and because of the absence of peristalsis they are not mixed with gastric contents. After 4 h this pool of undiluted gastric secretions gradually is emptied into the duodenum, where the mucosal resistance is reduced by inhibition of the secretory activity of Brunner's glands, and ulceration rapidly develops. The time relationship is supported by histopathologic findings and measurements of gastric acid secretions after cysteamine. Vagotomy augmented the inhibitory effect of cysteamine on gastric motility. The relaxation was even more pronounced, and contrast medium was not discharged from the stomach within 24 h. In these rats cysteamine induced ulcerations in the stomach. PMID- 7134860 TI - In vitro synthesis of triglycerides and cholesterol in human gallbladder mucosa. AB - Triglyceride and sterol synthesis was investigated in vitro in the gallbladder mucosa from control subjects and patients with acalculous cholesterolosis. The incorporation rate of 14C-acetate was 1.6 +/- 0.2 nmol/g/h into cholesterol (sum of squalene, methyl sterols, and cholesterol) and 5.7 +/- 0.8 nmol/g/h into triglycerides. The rates were significantly correlated with each other (r = 0.667). The conversion of 3H-mevalonate into cholesterol (49 +/- 10 nmol/g/h) and triglycerides (4.7 +/- 1.2 nmol/g/h) indicated a high activity in the postmevalonate cholesterol synthesis and an active shunt pathway of mevalonate metabolism. The synthesis rates of cholesterol, triglycerides, and sterol esters were closely interrelated, were unaltered in cholesterolosis, and were not correlated with the serum, biliary, and mucosal lipid concentrations. Thus, despite marked lipid accumulation the lipid synthesis proceeds effectively in the gallbladder mucosa with cholesterolosis. PMID- 7134861 TI - Immunohistochemical evaluation of carcinoembryonic antigen, secretory component, and epithelial IgA in tubular and villous large-bowel adenomas with different grades of dysplasia. AB - In a material of 513 consecutively collected large-bowel polyps, tubular and villous adenomas with corresponding histologic grades of epithelial dysplasia were selected. Fifty-two samples of the former and 27 of the latter category were evaluated semiquantitatively for immunohistochemical staining of the epithelial marker proteins carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), secretory component (SC), and IgA. No consistent differences in the overall staining properties were found between the two types of tumours. In both categories the staining intensity for SC and epithelial IgA decreased with increasing degree of dysplasia, most strikingly so for IgA. This observation shows that the malignant alterations impair the capacity of the columnar epithelium to produce SC and to express it as a functional receptor mediating uptake of dimeric IgA. Thus, the absence of epithelial IgA in large-bowel adenomas may be a useful adjunct in grading of dysplasia. Conversely, the presence of CEA did not seem to be related to dysplastic alterations in the epithelium. PMID- 7134862 TI - Intestinal absorption and 25-hydroxylation of vitamin D in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - The absorption, metabolism, and excretion of vitamin D3 was studied in eight women with an established diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), and the results were compared with those obtained from eight healthy women of a similar age. Four patients had hyperbilirubinemia, low serum calcium levels, and a reduced mineral content of the bone, whereas the other four were presymptomatic with respect to bone disease. Vitamin D absorption was studied after oral administration of tritiated vitamin D, and the appearance of serum radioactivity was recorded. After this, the liver 25-hydroxylation of vitamin D was studied by administering an intravenous dose of tritiated vitamin D and then chromatographing serum samples to determine the radioactivity of the 25-OH D fraction. All PBC patients had normal 25-hydroxylation capacity of the vitamin, and there was no difference in the urinary excretion of radioactivity. On the other hand, the intestinal absorption of vitamin D was severely impaired both in the symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. The absorption of the vitamin was negatively correlated to the amount of fecal fat, and the results suggest that low serum levels of 25-OH D in symptomatic PBC seem to be caused by the steatorrhea, whereas hepatic conversion of vitamin D into 25-OH D seems to be well preserved even in patients with hyperbilirubinemia and signs of osteomalacia. The absorption-metabolism test may be a valuable tool in the study of patients with cholestatic liver disease for determining the nature of the vitamin D deficiency and the logical form of substitution therapy. PMID- 7134863 TI - Bone mineral and intestinal calcium absorption after partial gastrectomy. AB - Fifty patients who had undergone partial gastrectomy for benign ulcer disease 3-4 years previously were examined. Blood haemoglobin, serum iron, calcium, and phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, urine excretion of calcium and phosphorus, faecal fat, body weight, and bone mineral density by 241Am gamma ray attenuation were determined preoperatively and at the follow-up investigation. Radiocalcium (47Ca) absorption was measured at the follow-up and compared with that of controls. An increase was found in serum alkaline phosphatase and a decrease in serum inorganic phosphorus and urinary calcium excretion. The other biochemical data did not change significantly. The bone mineral density of the gastrectomized patients did not differ from that of the controls in either sex. The intestinal 47Ca absorption showed no significant difference between the patients and controls. PMID- 7134864 TI - Preparation of 125I-labeled gastric inhibitory polypeptide, using water-insoluble 1,2,4,6-tetrachloro-3 alpha,6 alpha-diphenylglycoluril (Iodo-gen) as the oxidizing agent. AB - The preparation and evaluation of a 125I-labeled gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) by means of a modified Iodo-gen method are described. The portal vein fasting plasma GIP concentration was determined in 6 groups of rats with 10 rats in each group. In three of the groups, three separately prepared Iodo-gen tracers were used in the radioimmunoassay, and in the three other groups three separately prepared chloramine-T tracers were used. The mean fasting portal vein plasma GIP concentrations in the three groups were 45.0 +/- 5.0, 41.9 +/- 3.9, and 39.6 +/- 2.7 pmol/l, respectively, with the Iodo-gen tracers and 80.3 +/- 4.6, 78.4 +/- 5.4, and 85.7 +/- 3.7 pmol/l with the chloramine-T tracers. The values obtained in each of the groups with the Iodo-gen tracers were significantly lower than those obtained in each of the groups with the chloramine-T tracers. This may be due to a better preserved immunoreactivity of the Iodo-gen tracer than of the chloramine-T tracer. The explanation of this may be the water insolubility of Iodo-gen, which may prevent oxidation of easily oxidized residues of the peptide during the radioiodination procedure. PMID- 7134865 TI - Clearance of hepatitis B e-antigen in chronic hepatitis B infection. AB - HBeAg and anti-HBe were determined by radioimmunoassay (Abbott HBe) in serial serum samples from 22 patients who had been HBsAg-positive for more than 1 year. Seventeen patients (77%) were HBeAg-positive at onset of illness. Eight of these patients were persistently HBeAg-positive during 2.5-8.5 years' follow-up study (mean, 5.4 years). Chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) developed in one of these patients and chronic active hepatitis (CAH) in seven patients. Nine persistently HBsAg-positive patients were transiently HBeAg-positive. Seven of these patients developed CPH, and they all lost HBeAg within 2 years of onset of illness. One patient, who was HBeAg-positive for 4 years, developed CAH with cirrhosis after loss of HBeAg. In five patients, HBeAg could not be detected. They were anti-HBe positive at onset of illness; four developed CAH and/or cirrhosis, and one developed CPH. Progression from CPH or nonspecific reactive hepatitis to CAH was observed in two persistently HBeAg-positive patients. Prolonged detection of HBeAg in CPH is a reason for repeated liver biopsy to reevaluate the diagnosis. The behaviour of the e-antigen system in CAH seems to be more complex than in CPH, perhaps indicating a different pathogenetic mechanism of chronicity in CAH. PMID- 7134866 TI - Effect of human pancreatic polypeptide and its C-terminal hexapeptide on pancreatic secretion in man and in the dog. AB - Human pancreatic polypeptide (HPP) and its C-terminal hexapeptide (HP-PP) were infused intravenously in graded doses into healthy human subjects and dogs with chronic pancreatic fistula during submaximal stimulation with secretin. Plasma levels of PP were measured by radioimmunoassay, and pancreatic volume flow and bicarbonate and protein outputs were monitored. PP and HP-PP in humans did not affect secretion-induced volume flow or bicarbonate secretion, but at the highest doses it reduced the protein outputs. In dogs both HPP and HP-PP inhibited dose dependently the pancreatic volume flow and bicarbonate and protein outputs. There was a linear correlation between the dose of HPP infused and the increments in plasma PP levels in these experiments. The inhibition of pancreatic secretion occurred at doses of exogenous HPP which produced blood plasma PP concentrations not significantly different from those normally seen after a meat meal. We conclude that there is a marked difference in the effect of HPP on the exocrine pancreas in man and the dog, that PP may play a role as a physiological inhibitor of pancreatic protein secretion in man and of both bicarbonate and protein secretion in the dog, and that the effect of HPP on the exocrine pancreas can be mimicked by its C-terminal hexapeptide. PMID- 7134867 TI - Prolonged secretory inhibition during cimetidine treatment in Zollinger-Ellison patients. AB - In 23 Zollinger-Ellison patients who had been treated continuously with cimetidine for more than 3 months repeated measurements of basal acid output (BAO) were carried out 10-12 h after the last drug dose, to evaluate the prolonged inhibition of gastric acid during continuous cimetidine treatment. Most patients had a markedly prolonged inhibition of BAO after a few weeks of treatment compared with the BAO before cimetidine treatment. The prolonged inhibition became significant after 6 to 12 months of treatment (p less than 0.05). In some patients the prolonged inhibition was transient. In seven patients cimetidine therapy was discontinued for 3 days. Measurement of BAO after 12, 36, and 60 h of withdrawal revealed a marked inhibition lasting more than 60 h in four patients. Determination of plasma cimetidine could not demonstrate any detectable amounts after 12 h of withdrawal. The prolonged inhibition of BAO observed during continuous cimetidine treatment is of significant importance for evaluating secretory data. The phenomenon is still unexplained. PMID- 7134868 TI - The effect of atropine on plasma vasoactive intestinal polypeptide after intraduodenal infusion of fat in man. AB - Plasma vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) was measured in six healthy young men after intraduodenal infusion of 100 ml Lipomul (66 g triglycerides) on 2 separate days. On one of the days 0.5 mg atropine sulphate was injected intravenously at the start of the fat infusion, immediately followed by 0.75 mg atropine sulphate infused intravenously during the first hour. Plasma VIP rose significantly (p less than 0.05) and stayed significantly elevated for at least 120 min after intraduodenal infusion of fat alone. This effect was abolished by atropine, suggesting that the VIP release seen after intraduodenal fat may be dependent on a certain tone of muscarinic receptors influencing the VIPergic neurons. However, we cannot exclude the possibility that the blocking effect of atropine in part reflects a delayed transit time of fat in the intestine. PMID- 7134869 TI - Vegetarian fasting of obese patients: a clinical and biochemical evaluation. AB - The effects of vegetarian fasting were evaluated in 14 grossly obese patients who participated in a program comprising 5 weeks' fasting in a lactovegetarian health center. Before and after the fasting period the patients were hospitalized and put on a standardized weight-maintaining diet; at the health center they consumed vegetable juices containing less than 1 MJ and 3 g of protein per day. The weight reduction (mean +/- S.D.) was 13.4 +/- 5.0 kg (from 132.0 +/- 27.2 to 118.6 +/- 16.1 kg). Except for the first few days the patients had no severe hunger sensations. No severe adverse clinical effects were noted. The laboratory status- comprising serum or plasma levels of minerals, protein, and lipids; hematological data; and variables reflecting liver and thyroid function--revealed abnormal group mean values only for ferritin and the acute-phase reactants haptoglobin, C reactive protein, and anti-chymotrypsin in the obese. The levels of potassium, retinol-binding protein, and haptoglobin decreased, and aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase activities and free fatty acid and glycerol concentrations increased as a result of the fasting. The most striking effect of the weight reduction was an increase in the HDL cholesterol levels. Fasting according to the described regimen thus seems to provide a safe method for treatment of obese patients. PMID- 7134870 TI - Effect of pentagastrin on regional gastric blood flow in conscious cats. AB - Total gastric flow studies indicated that a transient, considerable flow increase was followed by a more moderate increase of total gastric flow during pentagastrin stimulation in anesthetized cats. In conscious cats regional gastric flow studies, using hydrogen clearance techniques, suggested that raised flow to the corpus region during the stimulation period was accompanied by a moderate decrease of antral flow. PMID- 7134871 TI - Long-term effects after partial gastrectomy in elderly men. A longitudinal population study of men between 70 and 75 years of age. AB - Subjects who have had a partial gastrectomy are today mainly found among the elderly. In the population study of 70-year-olds in Gothenburg in 1971-72, 449 men were investigated. Out of these, 10% had had a partial gastrectomy. A total of 331 subjects was re-examined 5 years later at the age of 75. Two groups were recognized in accordance with operative method: Billroth type I (B I) and Billroth type II (B II). In comparison with the non-operated group, the B-II operated group showed a mean lower body weight of about 6 kg at 70 and 11 kg at 75 years. Although the body weight was lower among operated subjects, no difference was found in the intake of energy and nutrients. There was a greater occurrence of bone fractures among the operated subjects. Tobacco smoking was commoner among subjects with partial gastrectomy. Among the B I and B II groups there was a change in the blood constituents B-hemoglobin, P-vitamin B12, S calcium, S-ALP, and S-TIBC. At the age of 75 the bone mineral content of the heel bone, as measured with photon absorptiometry, was lower among operated subjects. An increased occurrence of smoking-related cancer was found among subjects with partial gastrectomy. PMID- 7134872 TI - Changes in the morphology of villar epithelial cells adjacent to duodenal ulcers during the process of healing. AB - Fifteen patients with active duodenal ulcers were treated for 6 weeks with ulcerone, aluminium sucrose sulphate, or bromazepam to promote healing. Biopsies taken from the edge of ulcers before treatment showed an epithelium exclusively populated with cells of a mucus-secreting type which resembled those normally found in the gastric antrum. Biopsies taken at endoscopy from the edge of ulcers or scars at time intervals during treatment to endoscopic healing showed, irrespective of the drug used, a sequence of ultrastructural changes in villar epithelial cells, from a gastric secretory to a duodenal absorptive cell type. We suggest that the gastric cells in the duodenum are derived from stem cells in the crypts of Lieberkuhn surrounding an ulcer and are produced in response to luminal fluids of abnormally low pH. Their function is probably protective, in that they isolate regions of ulceration from the healthy mucosa and, by the continuous secretion of gastric mucin, protect the ulcer from the harmful effects of luminal acids. Their transformation to absorptive cells during ulcer healing is part of a natural sequence that is aided by, but not dependent on, drug therapy. PMID- 7134873 TI - Liver attenuation values at computed tomography related to liver copper content. AB - Forty-three patients were examined with computed tomography of the liver and liver biopsies with measurement of hepatic copper content. All recorded liver attenuation values were within normal range, even in patients with markedly elevated hepatic copper content. No statistically significant correlation between the liver attenuation values and the copper concentrations in liver tissue was demonstrated. At present, therefore, computed tomography has no place in monitoring the development of copper accumulation. PMID- 7134874 TI - Bile acid malabsorption after jejunoileal bypass is less compensated for with a 1:3 than with a 3:1 jejunoileal ratio. AB - A previous study surprisingly showed that after jejunoileal bypass a ratio of 1:3 compared with 3:1 between the jejunal and ileal segment left in continuity resulted in a smaller synthesis rate, pool size, and postcibal jejunal levels of bile acids. These findings are reevaluated in the present study of 34 patients who either were waiting for or 3, 9, or 15 months earlier, had undergone bypass surgery with a 3:1 or 1:3 jejunoileal ratio. Compared with 3:1 bypass, the 1:3 bypass resulted in (i) greater reduction of the fasting bile acid pool, significant for chenodeoxycholic acid but not for cholic adic, (ii) less increase in synthesis rate of both bile acids, (iii) less decrease in relative content of taurine-conjugated bile acids in bile, and (iv) equal reduction of postcibal levels of bile acids in jejunum. We conclude that the increase in synthesis of bile acids compensates insufficiently for the excess fecal loss; the lower synthesis rate after bypass with a short jejunum relative to ileum in function may be due to an impaired stumulation of bile acid synthesis, the mechanism of which is unexplained. PMID- 7134875 TI - Seasonal occurrence of abdominal pain and endoscopic findings in patients with gastric and duodenal ulcer disease. AB - Fifty patients with peptic ulcer disease were followed up to 1 to 5 years. Panendoscopy was repeated on the average of 5.6 times a year, also in patients who were actually well. The pattern of changes during on calendar year was a substantial comparative unit. The incidence and intensity of pain, erosions, and ulcers were registered in yearly charts, and the results were calculated per month from 100 yearly cycles. Pain appeared to be the most frequent symptom, being reported in 50% to 100% of visits in particular months. Its decrease in springtime and in August was significant at the level of p less than 0.5, whereas the increase in early autumn was more significant, with p less than 0.01, as was also the next decrease in December. Although pain appeared more often than ulcer niches, and although 4% of patients never felt pain, the only positive correlation found (p less than 0.05) was that between incidence of pain and of ulcer. Erosions occurring in 10% to 30% seemed to be the most constant feature in these cases, whereas the appearance of ulcers ranged from 15% to 60%. The lower ulcer incidence in August and in December was highly significant (in both, p less than 0.001). PMID- 7134876 TI - Chronic inflammatory bowel disease in patients with coeliac disease. AB - Six patients with coeliac disease and inflammatory bowel disease are described. Of special interest were two patients with coeliac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis and ulcerative colitis, one of whom also had sclerosing cholangitis. Three patients had both coeliac disease and ulcerative colitis, and one of them also had sclerosing cholangitis. In one patient with coeliac disease Crohn's disease of the small bowel was diagnosed. There seems to be association between coeliac disease without dermatitis herpetiformis, and ulcerative colitis. The possible combination of coeliac disease and inflammatory bowel disease deserves more attention than it has hitherto received. PMID- 7134877 TI - Hepatic versus duodenal bile. AB - During nonacute operations for uncomplicated gallstone disease hepatic bile was obtained from a catheter placed in the common duct via the cystic duct. Simultaneously, duodenal bile was obtained via a duodenal tube placed as close as possible to the duodenal papilla. Fifteen patients were studied. The mean concentration of lipids of the duodenal bile was 55% of that of the hepatic bile. Comparison of the samples showed duodenal bile to contain relatively less phospholipids and more bile acids. Incubation of bile with pancreatic juice showed a gradual decrease of lecithin compensated for by an increase of lysolecithin. This degradation might facilitate absorption, and this could explain the difference found between duodenal and hepatic bile. Simple storage at -20 degrees C resulted in a loss of phospholipids in duodenal but not in hepatic bile. PMID- 7134878 TI - Endoscopic and clinical findings in first-degree relative of duodenal ulcer patients and control subjects. AB - The first-degree relatives of duodenal ulcer patients and of control probands were evaluated clinically and by gastroduodenal endoscopy for prevalence of duodenal ulcer. The control probands were randomly selected from a control population. 199 relatives of 51 duodenal ulcer probands were interviewed, and 154 of these were endoscoped. 154 control relatives who had been endoscoped were matched with the DU relatives according to sex and age. Endoscopic evidence of present or past duodenal or pyloric ulcer was present in 20 (13.0%) of the DU relatives and in only 6 (3.9%) of the control relatives (p less than 0.01). The frequency of macroscopic duodenitis and gastric erosions was also significantly higher (p less than 0.05) in DU relatives than in controls. A history of epigastric pain was obtained in 54 (35.1%) of endoscoped DU relatives and in 24 (15.6%) of control relatives (p less than 0.01). This study has shown an increased prevalence of endoscopic evidence of duodenal ulcer in the first-degree relatives of duodenal ulcer patients. The finding that duodenitis is also more prevalent in DU relatives than in controls support the view that duodenitis is linked with duodenal ulcer. PMID- 7134879 TI - The in vivo metabolism of C3 in hepatobiliary disease associated with ulcerative colitis. AB - To study possible pathogenetic mechanisms in hepatobiliary disease associated with ulcerative colitis (UC), we performed a metabolic investigation of component C3 of the most important effector of humoral immunity, the complement system. Purified and biologically active C3 was labelled with 125I and injected together with 131I-albumin into seven patients. All had hepatobiliary disease, and total colectomy had previously been performed for severe UC in all patients. The results were compared with those for 16 normal individuals. The fractional catabolic rates (FCR) were calculated by the metabolic clearance method and by analysis of the plasma radioactivity disappearance curve. An increase in the FCR of C3 was found in the patient group, indicating that humoral immune mechanisms may be of pathogenetic importance in hepatobiliary disease associated with UC. The increased FCR was compensated for by and increased synthesis rate of the protein. PMID- 7134880 TI - Basal serum gastrin concentration related to complications, blood groups, and season in duodenal ulcer. PMID- 7134881 TI - Sensitivity of the parietal cell to pentagastrin in health and duodenal ulcer disease: a reappraisal. AB - In view of the conflicting results on whether pentagastrin sensitivity is genuinely increased in duodenal ulcer (DU) patients, the pentagastrin-gastric acid relationship was restudied in 17 normal subjects and 15 DU patients. In a reproducibility study performed on nine healthy subjects the mean pentagastrin responses obtained on 2 different study days, using a step technique (range, 0.025-6.4 micrograms kg-1h-1), were congruent at each of the five measuring points. Analysis of variance revealed no significant overall differences. However, ED50 values showed a large within- and between-subject variation and failed to correlate significantly, this because a plateau response was not regularly obtained with the top dose. Consequently, ED50 values in normal subjects and DU patients showed a large scatter and were not significantly different, although the potency ratio calculated from the linear parts of the respective dose-response curves was significantly different (2.6; 95% confidence limits, 1.8-3.9). This study thus supplies further evidence that the parietal cell of DU patients has a higher sensitivity to pentagastrin and demonstrates that the reliability of individual ED50 estimations obtained in pentagastrin dose response studied should not be overrated. PMID- 7134882 TI - A long-term follow-up study of the hepatic copper and serum ceruloplasmin concentrations in patients with chronic liver disease. AB - Hepatic copper content, measured by neutron activation analysis, has been studied in 70 patients during a median observation period of 3 years. In 15 patients with chronic active hepatitis the median hepatic copper content was 39 micrograms/g dry weight at the start and 28 micrograms/g dry weight at the end of the observation period, during which the clinical condition was improved in most patients. The hepatic copper content did not change significantly (41 versus 54 micrograms/g dry weight) in 28 patients with hepatobiliary disorders associated with inflammatory bowel disease. In 27 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis the median hepatic copper concentration was initially 176 micrograms/g dry weight, and at the follow up 186 micrograms/g dry weight. Serum ceruloplasmin was elevated in most of the patients with hepatobiliary disorders associated with inflammatory bowel disease and in all the patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and remained at high levels throughout the observation period. In primary biliary cirrhosis the hepatic copper content was correlated with bilirubin and alkaline phosphatases but not with ceruloplasmin, coagulation factors, or aminotransferases. Ceruloplasmin was not significantly correlated with other "liver tests". We conclude that the hepatic copper content and serum ceruloplasmin were remarkably constant during 3 years of observation in various liver disorders. Our study gave no evidence of a hepatotoxic effect of copper, since no relation between the initial hepatic copper concentration and the clinical course could be detected. PMID- 7134883 TI - The intraductal pancreatic pressure in chronic obstructive pancreatitis. PMID- 7134884 TI - The diagnostic value of fasting serum total bile acid concentration in patients with suspected liver disease. A prospective, consecutive study. AB - To assess the diagnostic value of fasting serum total bile acids (STBA) in liver disease, STBA together with serum bilirubin (BIL), serum alkaline phosphatase (AP), and serum aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) were measured in 66 consecutive patients who had a liver biopsy. Twenty-four of the patients who had normal liver histology all had normal STBA values (less than 8 mumol/l). In the remaining 42 patients with abnormal liver histology STBA values were elevated in 21, corresponding to a sensitivity of 0.50. The same figures for BIL, AP, and ASAT were 0.52, 0.76, and 0.79, respectively. The predictive values of elevated (PVpos) and normal (PVneg) STBA for disclosing or excluding liver disease, respectively, were not better than the figures for BIL, AP, and ASAT. None of the tests were suited for distinguishing among various liver diseases. It is concluded that STBA had no diagnostic advantage as compared with the commonly used liver function tests BIL, AP, and ASAT. PMID- 7134885 TI - Stereomicroscopic Investigation of the anal canal epithelium. AB - Macroscopic specimens on the anal canal from 22 patients with colorectal carcinoma and 5 patients with anal canal carcinoma were investigated by stereomicroscopy after whole-mount staining with alcian blue. The specimens were thereafter cut up systematically and prepared for conventional light microscopy to correlate stereomicroscopic and histologic findings. The results show that different surface relief and colour intensity correspond to different types of surface epithelium. Stereomicroscopy, however, did not show differences between various histological types of anal canal carcinoma. PMID- 7134886 TI - A method for the quantification of cellular composition in lymphoma biopsies. AB - A method for the classification and quantification of lymphoma cells in non Hodgkin lymphomas is described. Lymphoma-cell types were defined and used in differential counts of haematoxylin and eosine stained paraffin-embedded sections. The following cell types were distinguished: small lymphoid cells (small lymphocytes and small plasma cells), medium-sized lymphoid cells (round, cleaved and cerebriform lymphocytes, and medium-sized plasma cells), and large lymphoid cells (lymphoblastic, round triple-nucleolated, and pleomorphic types). The intra-observer agreement in the classification of cell types was 43-85%. The agreement in distinguishing small, medium-sized, and large lymphoid cells was 85 92%. In differential counts in contrast to conventional histologic classification all cellular profiles were classified regardless of possible tangential cutting. 92% of the cellular profiles at different sectional planes of the same cells were consistently classified, indicating that tangential cutting of cells only influenced the differential counts to a minor degree. By the quantification of cellular composition in multiple, randomly selected areas, classified as representative at low power magnification, only small intra-lymphoma variations were observed in contrast to marked inter-lymphoma variations. The high reproducibility of lymphoma-cell types in combination with the small intra lymphoma variation makes the quantifiable method suitable in the histological evaluation of non-Hodgkin lymphomas. PMID- 7134887 TI - Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. AB - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficient erythrocytes are particularly sensitive to oxidant stress. In order to evaluate if these cells are protected against oxidant damage, we assayed the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in erythrocytes of G-6-PD deficient (hemizygous and heterozygous) subjects. Normal levels of antioxidant enzymes were found in all subjects examined both with positive and negative histories of haemolytic crisis after fava bean or drug ingestion. In contrast, high levels of catalase and GSH-Px were found in a small group of G-6 PD deficient subjects (hemizygous and heterozygous) with beta-thalassaemia trait, probably by reason of the chronically enhanced oxidant stress which is present in beta-thalassaemia. PMID- 7134888 TI - Serum erythropoietin levels by radioimmunoassay in polycythaemia. AB - A radioimmunoassay (RIA) method for erythropoietin (Epo) was developed and validated against the polycythaemic mouse assay. The correlation was good, with a r = 0.94. Several other criteria of specificity were also filled by the RIA, which had a lower detection limit of 5 microU/ml. The mean serum-Epo level in 6 patients with secondary polycythaemia, 50.2 +/- 26.2 microU/ml, was significantly higher than in a group of 11 normal subjects, 28.7 +/- 7.2 microU/ml (P less than 0.0002). However, the Epo level in 31 polycythaemia vera (PV) patients, M = 21.9 +/- 6.6 microU/ml, was not significantly different from normal (P = 0.006). Since previous studies with bioassay of heat-treated and concentrated plasma samples have shown a decreased serum-Epo level in PV, Epo levels were measured before and after heat treatment and concentration of samples from normals and polycythaemics. It was found that the levels of immunoreactive material increased after heat treatment and 40 times concentration in samples from normals and patients with secondary polycythaemias, but decreased in PV. We conclude that the Epo levels in serum in the low range measured by our and previous RIA:s probably are not true Epo levels but are partly due to an unspecific serum effect, that was removed by heat treatment. PMID- 7134889 TI - Degradation of soluble immunoglobulin aggregates in vitro by monocytes from normal subjects and from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The capacity of human peripheral monocytes to degrade soluble immunoglobulin (IgG) aggregates (AIgG) was studied in vitro. Under serum-free conditions peripheral monocytes from normal donors were able to degrade soluble AIgG in a linear and time-dependent fashion. Addition of fresh human or fresh guinea-pig serum to the incubation mixtures caused a marked increase in degradation of the amount of soluble AIgG available. The stimulatory effect of fresh serum was complement-mediated, because it was abolished by heat treatment of the serum and was not seen when C4- or C3-deficient sera were tested. Functional inactivation of C3 receptors on the phagocytes by trypsin also abolished the complement mediated stimulation, suggesting cooperation between Fc and C3 receptor in degradation of soluble AIgG. No significant differences were found between monocytes from normal donors and those from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, as far as degradation is concerned in the presence of complement. PMID- 7134890 TI - What is schizophrenia? AB - One of the main questions related to schizophrenia is, naturally enough, what is it? Such a question may seem obvious, naive, impossible, or any combination of these. And certainly it is a bit demanding to expect that anyone could say what schizophrenia is in 1,000 words. On the other hand, we felt that it was worth the effort. We hope that presenting these brief discussions on "what is schizophrenia" by persons who have worked extensively in the field will allow the reader to note areas of overlap and disagreement as well as variations in emphasis. Although no one may yet be able to provide the definitive answer, at least this collection of informed opinions may help clarify the major questions. The essays by Herbert Y. Meltzer and Robert Paul Liberman are the first in a series. Further collections of these statements will be presented in subsequent issues. Readers' responses and comments are cordially invited. PMID- 7134891 TI - Measurement of premorbid adjustment in chronic schizophrenia. AB - The Premorbid Adjustment Scale (PAS) is a rating scale which was developed to be applicable in a research setting. It is designed to evaluate the degree of achievement of developmental goals at each of several periods of a subject's life before the onset of schizophrenia. A description of the scale and its use is presented, along with a discussion of psychometric properties. The PAS has been found to be useful in identifying patients likely to become chronically hospitalized or at high risk for readmission. It may also serve as a possible predictor of patients with brain abnormalities on a computerized tomography (CT) scan. PMID- 7134893 TI - A 15-year followup of 646 schizophrenic outpatients. AB - The 15-year hospitalization course of 646 chronic schizophrenic outpatients treated between 1958 and 1963 was determined using records of the research clinic, the Kings County Psychiatric Hospital, and the New York State Department of Mental Hygiene. The cohort was heterogeneous with regard to previous history of hospitalization: 20.6 percent had never been hospitalized, 22.0 percent had experienced only crisis admissions, and 57.4 percent had experienced long-term psychiatric hospitalization. The results indicate that 58.8 percent were hospitalized subsequent to project entry. A relationship was observed between previous history and hospitalization and hospitalization during the followup period. Patients with no previous history of hospitalization was less likely to be hospitalized than patients with crisis admissions only, who in turn were less likely to be hospitalized than patients with a history of hospitalization in a long-term psychiatric treatment facility (39.1 percent vs. 53.5 percent vs. 67.9 percent; p less than .001). The implications of these findings for future followup studies are discussed. PMID- 7134892 TI - Documenting an episode of psychiatric illness: need for multiple information sources, multiple raters, and narrative. AB - It is argued that the structured psychiatric interview, which has become the foundation of much modern clinical research, is not a sufficient method of documenting an episode of psychotic illness. This valuable resource needs to be supplemented by a high standard of recorded observation throughout hospitalization by all staff in contact with the patient. The conversion of observations into ratings can involve considerable error and should be left to at least two highly trained research workers. The only data worthy of this effort are the entire body of clinical information obtained from all sources. This requires detailed written records. The advantages of a narrative record, in addition to numerical ratings, is that it can be reinterpreted at any time using different systems of psychopathological or nosological ideas. PMID- 7134894 TI - Patient and family attitudes about schizophrenia: implications for genetic counseling. AB - Psychiatrists are giving increased attention to genetic counseling for mental illness. However, the burden of these illnesses are perceived by families and the degree to which families feel a need for genetic counseling have yet to be established. Attitudes and perceptions measured in this study focus on etiology, familial risk, and socioeconomic burden of schizophrenia, as well as childbearing plans and the acceptability of genetic counseling. Members of 17 families, each with a child diagnosed schizophrenic, were studied using the Family Attitudes Questionnaire. The results demonstrate that the well family members view schizophrenia as a severe and debilitating illness. The results also show that there is a disparity between the attitudes of well family members and patients: 92 percent of parents compared to 25 percent of patients identified schizophrenia as a disorder associated with extreme burden. Regarding childbearing decisions, 29 percent of parents compared to 66 percent of patients say they would have children (in hindsight or in future) based on what they now know about schizophrenia in their family. This result corroborates reports from genetic counselors for other illnesses: the wish for children appears to override considerations of risk and burden for those potentially genetically affected persons who have not reached their desired family size. PMID- 7134895 TI - Cognitive brain potentials in children at risk for schizophrenia: preliminary findings. AB - Event-related brain potentials were recorded to auditory stimuli from children at risk for schizophrenia and normal control children who were part of two independent samples being followed longitudinally. Subjects were required to detect (with a reaction time response) one of two infrequent events (either a pitch change or a missing stimulus), each of which occurred 17 percent of the time, and was embedded in a sequence of frequent events occurring 66 percent of the time. The event-related potential (ERP) elicited by both infrequent stimuli consisted of a positive-going wave peaking at 350 msec for the pitch change ERP (P350) and 400 msec for the missing stimulus ERP (P400) and a slow wave, which overlapped with and extended beyond the P350 and P400 potentials. When the eliciting event was relevant, these potentials were significantly larger than when it was irrelevant. When the waveforms by the highrisk (HR) subjects were compared to those produced by the normal control (NC) subjects, the HR subjects of both samples showed significantly less late positive amplitude (P350 and P400) than the NC subjects, but only when the eliciting event was relevant. This effect appeared to be independent of reaction time, as reaction time means and variances were quite similar between risk groups. Other possible explanations for this amplitude reduction were explored. Since late positive component amplitude reduction has been consistently reported to characterize the waveforms of adult schizophrenics, the reduction seen in children at genetic risk for schizophrenia may be a premorbid indicator for the development of the psychosis. PMID- 7134896 TI - Effects of stimulating psychodynamically relevant unconscious fantasies on schizophrenic psychopathology. AB - This article reviews a series of studies investigating the relationship between various unconscious fantasies and manifest pathology in adult schizophrenics. The results support the view that the activation of specific fantasies can lead to both the exacerbation and amelioration of symptoms in schizophrenia. The theoretical and clinical implications of the experimental findings are discussed, and suggestions for further research are offered. PMID- 7134897 TI - First person account: maintaining mental health in a turbulent world. AB - The article and the poems that follow are part of the Schizophrenia Bulletin's ongoing First Person Accounts series. We hope that mental health professionals- the Bulletin's primary audience--will take this opportunity to learn about the issues and difficulties confronted by consumers of mental health care. In addition, we hope that these accounts will give patients and families a better sense of not being alone in confronting the problems that can be anticipated by persons with serious emotional difficulties. Although there are a number of books and articles describing the personal experiences of patients and families with mental disorder, we believe there is a continuing need for experiences to be shared among mental health professionals, families, and current and former patients. We welcome other contributions from patients, ex-patients, or family members. Our major editorial requirement is that such contributions be clearly written and organized and that a novel or unique aspect of schizophrenia be described, with special emphasis on points that will be important for professionals. Clinicians who see articulate patients, with experiences they believe should be shared, might encourage these patients to submit their articles to First Person Accounts, Center for Studies of Schizophrenia, NIMH, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rm. 10--95, Rockville, MD 20857. PMID- 7134898 TI - [Psychiatry and culture]. PMID- 7134899 TI - [The effect of socio-cultural factors on the demand for psychiatric services]. AB - Western psychiatrists observed during the last twenty years progressive changes of the morbidity. The classic neurosis became rare, the character pathology steadily increased, the non-psychotic depressions showed a marked increase and new categories of patients (both individual or collective) appeared. The only conceptual model which enables us to understand this phenomena is the "New Triangle". By this name the author designates a multisystemic application of Engel's bio psycho-social model to psychiatry. The interacting elements of the "New Triangle" are: the individual with his/her psychic structure and his/her history, the extra and/or intra-psychic stressors and the stress protective factors (social support systems). A modification of their equilibrium will result in a nonspecific (crisis situation) or specific, decompensation. The ways the particular sociocultural aspects of the post industrial society may modify an aspect or/and another of the "New Triangle" are described. It seems desirable to be no longer content with a nosological diagnosis, but to endeavour to establish a systemic situational one in which the interaction type and functional level of all elements of the "New Triangle" be evaluated. PMID- 7134900 TI - [Sociocultural aspects of depression. Results of an epidemiologic study of young adults in Zurich]. AB - In a general population sample of young adults the sociocultural aspects of the depressive syndrome are investigated. In the context of a theory of social integration the association of depression with the material resources, with social belonging and with self realisation are analysed. There are marked correlations with the perceived fulfillment of basic social needs. The correlations with the structural prerequisites for social integration, however, are much weaker. PMID- 7134901 TI - [The couple in our culture: psychopathologic implications]. AB - First, we should think about the meaning of the couple and then about its make-up and structure. Cultural influences on the couple will thereby be clearer. This pertains to the so-called normal couples, as well as to any pathology concerning relationships and communication. PMID- 7134902 TI - [The future of the psychiatric hospital--dissolution or change?]. AB - A great variety of therapeutic models and alternative ways of taking care of the mentally disturbed have lately made the future of the independent psychiatric hospital rather uncertain. Out-patient and partially in-patient facilities, psychiatric wards within the frame of general hospitals, the transfer of chronic cases to non-psychiatric nursing homes, and redress in cases of misplaced persons, constitute steps and measures entailing a considerable shrinkage in the size and extent of the psychiatric hospital of today, although the alternatives mentioned cannot, of course, entirely replace it. There is in the population an estimated need for 1.1 to 1.6 psychiatric hospital beds for every 1000 of persons. The psychiatric hospital of the future should aim at attending to and satisfy the various needs of the following three categories, i.e. 1. crisis intervention in cases of gravely upset, psychotically agitated or suicidal patients, 2. programs of intensive therapy by specialized nursing teams for average and long-term mentally disturbed patients, and finally, 3. a certain supply of asylums for the comparatively small number of most severely handicapped persons. The experiences drawn from these combined operations will be of great value to the research field, as well as in the basic and continued training of personnel. PMID- 7134903 TI - [Psychotics and psychotic treatment in ambulatory psychiatry today]. PMID- 7134904 TI - [The psychiatrist as "mediator"--a new career image?]. PMID- 7134905 TI - [Clinico-experimental study of daily variations in depressed patients]. AB - Forty hospitalized depressive patients of both sexes with primary depressive syndrome and concomitant diurnal variations were investigated at defined times with the following method: special questionnaire on subjective evaluation of depressive diurnal variation (TSF), mood scale (Bf-S of v. Zerssen), Necker cube, tests of autonomic function (amount of saliva and circulatory variables), global assessment of the depth of depression.--The quantitative differentiation into diurnal variations of different extents undertaken by means of the TSF were validated by the daily difference of the Bf-S. Between the extent of the depressive diurnal variation and the nosological group as well as the depth of depression no relationship could be found. Also the rate of turning over the Necker cube did not show any alteration in the diurnal rhythmicity. On the other hand, the inverse diurnal rhythmicity of the amount of saliva, also according to the corresponding results in the literature, can be interpreted as influence of the depressive diurnal variation. The resting values of pulse rate and blood pressure followed the diurnal physiological rhythm, but in addition they revealed a quantitative influence of the depressive diurnal variation (amplification). No systematic influences could be demonstrated for the orthostatic values.--The results show that in this methodological procedure only a few variables could be demonstrated to be associated with the depressive diurnal variation. On the other hand, it could be proved that not only mental but also certain autonomic components of the depressive syndrome undergo an alteration with the depressive diurnal variation. PMID- 7134906 TI - [Clinico-pathologic study of 12 cases of ganglioneuroblastoma of the central nervous system]. AB - Twelve cases of ganglioneuroblastoma of the brain, tumour rarely observed in infants and young adults, are documented. The macroscopic, histologic and biological features of this tumour are discussed and compared with those of the literature. The author proposes an histogenetic hypothesis, which takes into consideration the possible association of an underlying dysplastic condition, comparable to that observed in cases of phakomatosis. Attention is drawn to the diagnostic difficulties, especially in that which concerns the diagnosis on frozen sections. PMID- 7134907 TI - [Computerized tomography of lumbar radicular processes]. AB - The typical CT-findings in lumbar disc herniations, spinal stenosis as well as tumors of the lumbar-sacral region are described. Difficulties in diagnosing recurrent hernias are discussed. We try to establish indications for an appropriate use of this new method instead of in addition to the more conventional neuroradiological investigations (myelography, spinal phlebography). PMID- 7134908 TI - [Electromyography in Charcot-Marie disease]. PMID- 7134909 TI - II. Early activation in stroke: does it make a difference? AB - The effect of early systematic activation in daily nursing care was studied in an experimental group of patients with acute stroke. The staff had received an educational programme on stroke and its care. Sixty stroke patients were admitted to two general medical wards during a period of 9 months. Fifty-two stroke patients from two other such wards formed a control group. The functional capacity was measured by a specially constructed Activity Index (AI) at regular intervals in all patients. The functional capacity of the experimental group improved significantly with the special care in hospital up to 4 weeks after the stroke, while the change in the control group was non-significant according to the chosen level of significance. During the remainder of the 3-month study period with routine care in both groups, the two groups improved more equally. The activation programme may thus have had a stimulation effect while it was in progress. PMID- 7134910 TI - III. One year after stroke: a follow-up of an experimental study. AB - The long-term effect of an early activation programme in nursing care (APN) during the first four weeks after a stroke was studied in 33 survivors one year after the stroke. Twenty-six patients formed a control group. Functional capacity was tested with an Activity Index (AI). All patients except three were interviewed concerning household work, locomotion, and psychosocial and intellectual activities before and after the stroke. There were no significant differences in functional capacity between the experimental (E) and control (C) groups one year after the stroke. In both groups AI had improved considerably compared with the values on admission. Comparison of the pre- and post-stroke performance revealed that the decrease in median scores was most prominent in household work and psychosocial functions in both groups. A long-term effect of the APN was not proved. The ADL part of the AI had a strong predictive value for one-year survival. PMID- 7134911 TI - Associated reactions in the hemiplegic arm. AB - Of 40 stroke patients attending a rehabilitation department, 32 (80%) had associated reactions affecting the hemiplegic arm. These involuntary movements nearly always occurred in association with yawning and less frequently with stretching, coughing, sneezing and laughing. In many patients the pattern of these reactions differed from previous descriptions. In the majority of patients they raised false hopes about the recovery of arm function, but sometimes they were a cause of distress. All 8 patients who did not have associated reactions had some voluntary movement of the affected arm and 4 of them had very useful manipulative function. By contrast, 25% of those with associated reactions had no voluntary arm movement and only 2 (6%) had very useful hand function. Involuntary arm movements are common in hemiplegia and those involved in care of stroke patients should be aware of them. PMID- 7134912 TI - Effect of EMG feedback on paretic muscles and abnormal co-contraction in the hemiplegic arm, compared with conventional physical therapy. AB - The effectiveness of EMG feedback in hemiparetic patients with an impaired arm and hand function was compared with conventional physical therapy in 18 patients, who were assigned to two groups. EMG feedback in the experimental group (n = 9) was confined to augmenting the reduced muscle activity in one proximal and one distal agonist, and to decreasing the excessive activity in one proximal antagonist and in two distal muscle groups. The control group (n = 9) was treated with conventional physical therapy. Overall duration for both treatments was 2 1/2 moths, which included 28 sessions of one hour, three times a week. Major differences in the effect of EMG feedback were found in abnormal co-contractions as compared with reduced muscle activity in agonists. The most prominent effect was found at the end of the EMG feedback training in abnormal co-contractions. Several days after ending the EMG feedback a decrease in abnormal co-contractions in the exclusively trained muscles could still be demonstrated, compared with abnormal co-contractions in untrained muscles and abnormal co-contractions in muscles treated with conventional physical therapy. However, part of the effect was lost. By contrast, intensive EMG feedback therapy had no specific effect on proximal and distal agonists of the hemiplegic arm, when compared with conventional physical therapy of a long duration. The performance of isolated voluntary movements, the occurrence of pathological associated movements and the function of the arm and the hand were not affected by the EMG feedback therapy, or by conventional physical therapy. PMID- 7134913 TI - Variation of time-distance parameters of the stride as related to clinical gait improvement in hemiplegics. AB - Gait improvement was evaluated in two different ways for 20 hemiplegics during an average follow-up period of 8 weeks in early rehabilitation. One way was by weekly measuring time-distance parameters of the stride on an electrical contact system walkway. The second was a clinical evaluation of gait improvement. The parameters studied were contact time, double contact time, stride length, velocity, time symmetry and distance symmetry. The variation of each of these parameters during the follow-up period was correlated with the variation in gait evaluated clinically. This correlation showed that both evaluations agreed, supporting the usage of time-distance parameters as a tool for an objective follow-up of walking ability of hemiplegics during rehabilitation. PMID- 7134914 TI - Site of brain lesion and functional capacity in rehabilitated hemiplegics. AB - Degree of motor impairment, some sensory qualities and self-care ADL were registered in 53 patients with hemisyndrome due to stroke in whom the brain lesion could be visualized by computerized tomography or by cerebral angiography. Central brain damage (internal capsule, basal ganglia, thalamus) resulted in significantly higher degree of motor impairment than neo-cortical damage, while the size of the damage apparently did not influence the motor-function. Self-care ADL was significantly associated with level of motor impairment. Moreover, significantly less final recovery of exteroception and kinesthesia was observed for lesions in the non-dominant than the dominant hemisphere. It is suggested that in patients found suited for admittance to rehabilitation wards visualization of the brain damage may be a useful adjunct when stating the goals for the rehabilitation process. PMID- 7134915 TI - Reaction time of elbow flexion during passive movements. AB - The effect of passive movements of the elbow on biceps EMG reaction time (RT) was studied in 10 normal subjects. Each subject was required to perform a simple RT task, flexing the left elbow to a tone stimulus, under three different conditions: (a) during passive flexion (PFLX) of the elbow, (b) during passive extension (PEXT), and (c) without passive movements (STAT). A forearm-rotator was used to produce a constant movement with angular velocity of 20 deg/sec, and in each condition the tone stimulus was always presented at the same angle of the elbow joint. Significant differences in mean EMG-RTs were found between the three conditions; the shortest EMG-RT of all was observed in the PFLX condition (77.0 +/- 15.0 msec), followed by that in STAT (93.1 +/- 11.8 msec) and lastly in PEXT (116 +/- 23.1 msec). Neurophysiological mechanisms underlying these phenomena are discussed. PMID- 7134916 TI - The pneumatic post-amputation mobility aid in geriatric rehabilitation. AB - Several disadvantages of rigid temporary dressings for geriatric amputees led to the trial of a relatively new kind of pylon--the Pneumatic Post-Amputation Mobility Aid (PPAM). Thirty-five geriatric amputees who were referred to a geriatric rehabilitation hospital participated in the study. Thirty-three of these patients learned to walk with the device easily and safety. The below-knee amputees achieved independent gait with a walker as early as their second treatment. The above-knee and the double below-knee amputees required closer supervision. The inexpensive price of the PPAM, its handiness, the possibility of treating several patients with the same device, and the lack of negative side effects, point to the advantages of this kind of pylon for geriatric patients. PMID- 7134917 TI - I. Evaluation of the functional capacity of stroke patients through an activity index. AB - An evaluation instrument, the Activity Index (AI), has been constructed for measuring the functional capacity of stroke patients from the acute phase of the disease onwards. The Index consists of 16 variables divided into three main parts: mental capacity, motor activity, and ADL function. The maximum score is 92. In a group of 112 stroke patients the Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient for the total AI was 0.94, indicating a high degree of homogeneity of the test. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient between the AI and the Rankin disability scale was -0.94. The results of a bivariate linear regression analysis between the values of the Activity Index on admission (about 48 hours after the stroke) and the scoring on later test occasions, grouped as dead, low score, medium score, high score, respectively, indicated the instrument's high predictive validity. The AI can be used by different categories of trained staff in clinical practice or clinical research. PMID- 7134919 TI - A validation of questionnaire information on occupational exposure and smoking. AB - Occupational exposure information obtained via a questionnaire to close relatives of 160 deceased smelter workers was compared with data from employee registers. The data from the questionnaire regarding employment at the smelter had a very high validity, ie, a sensitivity of 98% and a specificity of 99%. When an assessment of arsenic exposure was made from information in the questionnaire, the sensitivity was only 40%, but the specificity was over 90%. Data on smoking habits were available from medical files for only 14 of the subjects. For all 14, the information was identical to the data in the questionnaires. It appears that questionnaires may sometimes be of use for exposure assessments in occupational health epidemiology. PMID- 7134918 TI - Charcoal sampling and gas chromatographic determination of N,N-dimethylformamide in air samples from a polyurethane plant. AB - A charcoal sampling method and a gas chromatographic determination of N,N dimethylformamide in the air of a plant producing polyurethane lumps is described. The collection efficiency was checked by drawing standard N,N dimethylformamide air mixtures through the sampling tube at 0.1 1/min and detecting the organic vapors spectrophotometrically at 215.4 nm. At 1,000 mg/m3, samplings could be carried out for 190 min with negligible N,N-dimethylformamide losses (lower than 1%). The analysis of N,N-dimethylformamide was performed by gas chromatography on Porapack Q and Tenax GC after extraction with 2 ml of acetone/100 mg of charcoal, with a mean recovery of 90 (SD 2) %, in the range of 0.05-0.5 mg of N,N-dimethylformamide/100 mg of charcoal. The relative standard deviation of the entire procedure was 3.5%. Because of the good adsorbing efficiency of the charcoal, short-term sampling could be carried out at a relatively high N,N-dimethylformamide concentration. Stationary and personal sampling resulted in mean values ranging between 1.26 and 1.60 mg/m3. The method is particularly suitable in instances where other pollutants are present, and therefore it can be used also for other work areas as well. PMID- 7134920 TI - Heart rate as an estimator of oxygen consumption during manual postal delivery. AB - Nine young healthy postmen performed three progressive maximal exercise tests (on a bicycle ergometer and with and without a 10-kg shoulder bag on a treadmill) for which the least-squares regression equations of heart rate (HR) on oxygen consumption (VO2) were established. HR and VO2 were then measured during five modes of simulated postal delivery: on level ground by foot (F), bicycle (B), and push-cart (C) and on stairs by foot (S/F) and push-cart (S/C). The respective work HR values were inserted into the three regression equations established for HR/VO2, and VO2 was solved for. The estimated VO2 values tended to be systematically higher than the measured ones. The best regression proved to be that established for the treadmill plus mailbag; the regression coefficients between the measured and estimated VO2s were higher than 0.75, and the percentage differences between the means of the measured and estimated values were no more than 10% for F and B delivery. All the regressions yielded inaccurate estimations of VO2 for C, S/F and S/C delivery. It was concluded that HR is acceptable as an estimator of VO2 only when the test work closely resembles the muscle work in the job. PMID- 7134921 TI - Mortality of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide applicators in Finland: first report of an ongoing prospective cohort study. AB - Some recent epidemiologic studies have suggested that chlorinated phenoxy acid herbicides are human carcinogens. The mortality experience in a cohort of 1,926 men who had sprayed 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5 trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) during 1955-1971 has been followed prospectively from 1972 to 1980. The total phenoxy acid exposure was generally rather low because the duration of work had mostly been less than two months. In 1972-1976 mortality from all natural causes in the cohort was only 54% of the expected value (based on age-specific rates for the general population), and in the succeeding 4-a period 81% of the expected value. In the assessment of cancer, mortality allowance was made for 10- and 15-a periods of latency between the first exposure and the start of the recording of vital status during the follow up. No increase in cancer mortality was detected, and the distribution of cancer types was unremarkable. No cases of death from lymphomas or soft tissue sarcomas were found. The study results must, however, be viewed with great caution owing to the small size of the cohort, the low past exposure, and the brief follow-up period. PMID- 7134922 TI - Exposure to toluene: uptake, distribution and elimination in man. AB - Twelve male subjects were exposed to a toluene concentration of about 300 mg/m3 in the inspiratory air during rest and/or physical exercise on a bicycle ergometer. Each subject was exposed during four consecutive 30-min periods. The uptake of toluene was about 50% of the inspired amount at rest, with a decrease to about 30% at a work load of 150 W during the fourth period. The total uptake of toluene during 2 h of work at 50 W was about 2.4 times higher than at rest. There was a close linear correlation between the alveolar and arterial concentrations of toluene, both during and after exposure. The means of the exhaled amounts of unchanged toluene during the first 20 h after exposure ranged between 7 and 14% of the amount taken up. The urinary excretion of hippuric acid indicated an influence of food, especially at low uptake levels. PMID- 7134923 TI - Exposure to toluene: concentration in subcutaneous adipose tissue. AB - Twelve male subjects were exposed to a toluene concentration of about 300 mg/m3 in the inspiratory air during rest and/or physical exercise on a bicycle ergometer. Each subject was exposed during four 30-min periods. Before exposure the subjects' body fat was calculated by means of underwater weighing and skeletal measurements. Needle biopsies of subcutaneous adipose tissue were taken up to 12 d after the exposure was concluded. The concentration of toluene in the adipose tissue was determined by gas chromatography after evaporation into nitrogen at a high temperature. After exposure at rest for 2 h, the mean concentration of toluene in adipose tissue was 0.7 mg (7.7 mumol)/kg. The corresponding value after 2 h of work at 50 W was 9.9 mg (109 mumol)/kg. There was a declining concentration of toluene in adipose tissue with an increasing degree of obesity. The half-time for toluene in adipose tissue ranged between 0.5 and 2.7 d. It increased with increasing amounts of body fat. PMID- 7134924 TI - Application of the chicken embryo in testing for embryotoxicity: thiurams. AB - A test protocol was developed for the testing of chemicals for toxicity on the chicken embryo. The protocol called for a continuous monitoring of the developing embryo for those that died before maceration. The eggs were injected on day 3, and the test was continued up to day 14 of incubation. The following parameters of embryotoxicity were used: early deaths (spanning the first 2 d after injection), late deaths with malformed embryos, late deaths with nonmalformed embryos, and malformed survivors. The order of embryotoxic potency, in descending order, among the thiurams was tetramethylthiuramdisulfide, tetramethylthiurammonosulfide, tetraethylthiuramdisulfide. It was found that late deaths were seen in 70% of the cases with malformations. The most common types of malformations were eye defects and open coeloms. Dead embryos frequently had multiple malformations. In lethal cases, embryonic development terminated at stages 25/26 and 29 on the Hamburger-Hamilton scale. PMID- 7134925 TI - Phenoxy acid herbicides cause peroxisome proliferation in Chinese hamsters. AB - An increase in either the size or amount of peroxisomes was obtained in the liver cells of Chinese hamsters after the animals were exposed to the phenoxy herbicides 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or 4-chloro-2 methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA). At the dose level studied, 2,4-D was found to be more potent than MCPA in increasing the number of peroxisomes. A phenoxy acid derivative, clofibrate, one of the peroxisome proliferators known to possess carcinogenic properties in rodents, appeared to be still more potent in inducing peroxisome proliferation than either of the herbicides studied. Further investigations are warranted to clarify the significance of peroxisome proliferation to the toxicity of phenoxy herbicides. PMID- 7134926 TI - Obstetric histories of women occupationally exposed to styrene. AB - To evaluate the possible embryotoxic effects of styrene, 67 female lamination workers occupationally exposed to styrene and 67 age-matched female industrial workers with no obvious chemical exposure were interviewed. The women, all under 40 a of age, did not differ significantly with respect to number of births, pregnancies, or spontaneous and induced abortions prior to the exposure period. During the styrene exposure the number of births was significantly lower among the exposed group, a result partly explained by a higher number of induced abortions. No differences were found in this material with regard to the number of spontaneous abortions. PMID- 7134927 TI - Acute solvent-ethanol interactions with special reference to xylene. AB - Acute ethanol ingestion inhibits the metabolism of the common industrial solvents trichloroethylene and dimethylformamide. The solvents in turn may interact with ethanol metabolism as shown by an accumulation of acetaldehyde and occasional symptoms of alcohol intolerance. It was recently found that mutual metabolic interaction occurs even in the context of ethanol ingestion (0.8 g/kg in single dose) combined with subsequent inhalation exposure to m-xylene (6.0 & 11.5 mmol/m3 (140 & 280 ppm), over 4 h). Ethanol impaired the metabolic clearance of m xylene, raised the blood xylene concentration, and decreased the urinary excretion of methylhippuric acid. Thus, ingestion of ethanol is a noticeable source of error in the biological monitoring of xylene uptake. Some people appear to be susceptible to combined ethanol-xylene exposure and may develop nausea and dermal flush. PMID- 7134928 TI - Assessment of coronary heart disease risk among viscose rayon workers exposed to carbon disulfide at concentrations of about 30 mg/m3. AB - Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure, and two coronary heart disease risk indices were assessed for a group of 70 male viscose rayon workers exposed to carbon disulfide (CS2) and individually matched for age, height, and weight with 70 male referents. Environmental CS2 levels were below 35 mg/m3 during 1972-1979. The study, undertaken to define some risk factors for coronary heart disease and to determine some parameters of lipid metabolism, found no differences between the group of CS2-exposed workers and the referents. Apart from a possible toxic effect directly induced by CS2 on the myocardium, the results suggest that CS2 exposure up to about 30 mg/m3 does not promote coronary atherosclerosis and hence does not increase coronary heart disease by this mechanism. PMID- 7134929 TI - Distribution and elimination of 2-[14C]-acetone in mice after inhalation exposure. AB - This study was undertaken to determine the tissue distribution and elimination of acetone and its metabolic radioactive fragments in mice after exposure to about 1,200 mg/m3 (500 ppm) of 2-[14C]-acetone vapor. The tissue concentrations of acetone seemed to reach steady state plateaus within 6 h of exposure. In the adipose tissue the maximal concentration was about one-third of that in the highly perfused nonadipose tissues, in which acetone was rather evenly distributed. The contents of radioactivity also reached a plateau within 6 h of exposure in all tissues except the liver and brown adipose tissue. In these tissues the radioactivity increased during exposures up to 24 h. Prolonging the exposure time from 6 h to 6 h/d for three and five consecutive days gave no or only a small additional accumulation of radioactivity in all tissues except adipose tissue. The half-times of acetone after 6 h of exposure were between 2 and 5 h in all tissues. Almost equal amounts of acetone were excreted via the lungs unmetabolized or metabolized to carbon dioxide. In all tissues endogenous levels of acetone were reached within 24 h after exposure. Thus, acetone did not accumulate after prolonged or repeated exposure to concentrations of 1,200 mg/m3. PMID- 7134930 TI - Mercury in urine.--Sex, age and geographic differences in a reference population. AB - The urine of 103 inhabitants from Hadeland and 240 persons from Odda, Norway, was examined with respect to the content of mercury and creatinine. Odda is a small community in a narrow fiord on the western coast of Norway. The sea water is polluted with mercury and other heavy metals emitted from a zinc smelter. Hadeland is a less industrialized county in the eastern part of Norway without any known inorganic mercury contamination of the external environment. None of the participants of the study were occupationally exposed to mercury. The mercury excretion was significantly higher among people living in Odda and highest among those living close to the zinc smelter. This finding probably reflects a contamination of the external environment. Women in Odda and Hadeland had a higher mercury excretion than the males of the respective regions. Mercury excretion also seemed to be age-dependent in that there was a gradual reduction in mercury excretion with advancing age. Although there seem to be age- and sex dependent differences with respect to mercury excretion, 100 nmol of mercury/1 of urine and 10 nmol of mercury/mmol of creatinine are suggested as upper limits for "normal" mercury excretion among non-occupationally exposed persons living in Norway. PMID- 7134931 TI - Long-term development of occupational accidents in Finland. AB - In Finland the number of occupational accidents has been increasing throughout the 1900s. This increasing long-term development is related to the improved insurance coverage of workers. The severity of accidents has decreased during the past three decades. Accident curves show variations related to fluctuations in the national economy. The occurrence of accidents seems to be very sensitive to economic determinants. The structural changes of work brought about by automation should lead to a decrease in the occurrence of accidents. With the exception of economic factors and structural changes in the labor force, no signs of any major decrease in the occurrence of accidents have been detected. PMID- 7134932 TI - Inhalation anesthetics, anticancer drugs and sterilants as chemical hazards in hospitals. AB - In recent years, there has been a considerable increase in the use of chemicals (chemical sterilants and antimicrobial agents, antineoplastic drugs, and anesthetic gases) in hospitals. The possible existence of occupational health hazards has often been overlooked in light of the great advantages provided by the use of chemical agents. It appears that certain hospital sectors, such as anesthesia units, sterilizing units and oncology units, require different degrees of caution and protective measures with respect to the handling of chemicals. The scientific evidence on which recommendations should be based is, in most cases, fairly meager; until more is known about the hazards, it would be prudent to minimize the occupational exposure to chemicals in hospitals. PMID- 7134933 TI - Degradation products of plastics. Polyethylene and styrene-containing thermoplastics--analytical, occupational and toxicologic aspects. PMID- 7134934 TI - [Treatment of therapy-resistant depressions. Results of combined infusion treatment]. AB - 230 patients with therapy-resistant depression were given intravenous drip infusion treatment with clomipramine (a predominantly serotonin-uptake inhibitor) and maprotiline (a predominantly noradrenaline-uptake inhibitor), preceded by a five-day tranquilizing regimen with a neuroleptic drug. During the treatment period of 10-20 days the patients were given one infusion daily, while later both antidepressants were taken orally. The neuroleptic drug was given at night from the start of the infusion phase to the end of hospitalization. After four weeks' treatment 68% of the endogenous depressives and 54% of the exhaustion depressives had completely remitted. In patients who fail to respond the infusion regimen can be repeated after carefully rechecking the patient's diagnosis. After discharge and resumption of work the antidepressants should be reduced stepwise. A prerequisite for success in the management of refractory depression is the combination of drug administration with adequate psychotherapeutic and physiotherapeutic measures. The infusion regimen is relatively easy to administer, can be given on an outpatient basis and could be the treatment of choice in the future not only for treatment-resistant depression but also for patients whose depressive state requires rapidly effective antidepressive measures. In view of the encouraging experience obtained to date with this treatment, the World Health Organization is conducting an international collaborative research project involving 12 psychiatric centres to elucidate the effectiveness of intravenous infusion therapy in different races with different dietary habits and varying climatic conditions. PMID- 7134935 TI - [Epidemiology of acute drug poisoning in Switzerland]. AB - In the last five years some 8 in 100 000 people in Switzerland died by poisoning. The majority (74-82%) were suicides, but 14-20% were classified as accidental death. About 40% of all cases involved poisoning by drugs. The most frequent fatal poisons were hypnotics. Among the serious cases reported to the Swiss Toxicological Information Center or admitted to hospital (VESKA statistics), poisonings by combinations of drugs were the most frequent, followed by overdoses of sleeping tablets, analgesics and psychoactive drugs. In children the most frequent causes were analgesics and sleeping tablets. The bromocarbamide poisonings of the early seventies were largely replaced by overdoses of benzodiazepine sleeping preparations and prescription-free barbiturate- and diphenhydramine-containing preparations. In Swiss hospitals the mortality from poisoning by drugs was 1.5%. PMID- 7134936 TI - [Assays of serum concentrations in drug intoxications]. AB - Drug assays in serum and urine of patients with drug poisoning are most often performed to identify the ingested substances. Semiquantitative screening tests are usually sufficient for this purpose, while serum drug level determinations for therapeutic monitoring require rapid, specific and precise laboratory techniques. Results should be interpreted in the light of various pharmacokinetic factors and especially the presence of active metabolites, which may influence the concentration-effect relationships. Critical concentration ranges are known for several drugs but, except in cases with paracetamol overdose, drug levels alone are rarely decisive for the therapeutic procedure. Further studies are necessary to define the potential benefit of routine serum level measurements in drug poisoning. PMID- 7134937 TI - [Acute poisoning caused by antidepressive drugs]. PMID- 7134938 TI - [Acute poisoning in drug addicts]. AB - Death in drug addicts is frequently caused by intoxication due to drug overdose or additional ingestion of hypnotic drugs. Only 25 (1%) of 2594 well documented cases in a poison control center linked to an intensive care unit were concerned with drugs. Ten patients were severely intoxicated and all were hospitalized. Of 612 patients treated in the ICU, 8 (1.5%) were drug addicts with severe intoxications. Heroin was regularly involved, but only 3 had pure heroin intoxication. In 5 patients hypnotic drug poisoning predominated, most frequently due to deliberate barbiturate ingestion. All 8 patients were unconscious, 6 were artificially ventilated, and 5 received antidotes. PMID- 7134939 TI - [Prognostic factors in acute digitalis poisoning]. AB - The prognostic significance of various clinical and biochemical factors was investigated in 179 patients who had ingested more than 2 mg digitoxin. The mortality rate in this series was 17%. Supraventricular arrythmias had no influence on prognosis, but the death risk was higher in males and in patients with AV block. It increased with age, with digitoxin and potassium serum levels and even more with persistent hyperkalemia. Two other factors--previous heart disease and vomiting--were also significant in patients without heart block. Calculated on the basis of 4 clinical factors, the mortality rate varied from 2 to 74%. The death risk in acute digitalis poisoning can therefore be easily assessed simply from clinical criteria. PMID- 7134940 TI - [Positive diagnosis of Gilbert syndrome. Retrospective analysis of 59 cases with special reference to the nicotinic acid test]. AB - The results of a retrospective analysis of 59 patients with Gilbert's syndrome are presented. All the patients were selected on the basis of repeatedly documented, predominantly unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in the absence of liver or hemolytic disease. The peak incidence of Gilbert's syndrome was in the 15-30 years age group with males predominating almost fivefold. Scleral icterus or a laboratory finding of hyperbilirubinemia represented the major reasons for workup. Presenting symptoms such as fatigue, upper abdominal pain and fat intolerance were largely nonspecific. Whereas minimal values for total serum bilirubin concentrations were, at l.57 +/- 0.56 mg/dl (mean +/- S.D.), often within the normal range (less than 1.2), maximal values were always clearly elevated (2.05 +/- 0.65). The sex difference in bilirubin levels was also maintained in the Gilbert's syndrome, since mean values in women were lower than in men. As expected, neither liver scan nor histology yielded evidence of structural abnormalities. The results of liver function studies such as galactose elimination capacity, aminopyrine breath test, or fasting and postprandial serum bile acids, were all within normal limits. In contrast, the initial plasma disappearance of bromsulphthalein (BSP-k1) was reduced in 6 patients to a mean of 8.7% per min (normal value 12.6 +/- 1.6), which suggests that these subjects belong to the Gilbert type with diminished hepatic clearance of anionic dyes. The hematological investigations, including hemoglobin electrophoresis, Coombs tests and erythrocyte enzymes, yielded normal results. However, osmotic fragility was increased in 5 cases and erythrocyte survival reduced to less than 24 days in 9 cases (of 17 investigated). In 35 patients, a nicotinic acid test was performed in which total serum bilirubin rose within 3 hours from a mean of 1.66 +/- 0.7 to 3.51 +/- 0.75 mg/dl. Between the third and fifth hour bilirubin levels plateaued, yielding retention values of 98%, 92% and 92% respectively. These retention values may be considered in indirect estimate of bilirubin clearance. Retentions exceeding 70% after 5 hours correspond to bilirubin clearances of less than 20 ml/min, representing evidence in favour of the diagnosis of Gilbert's syndrome. PMID- 7134941 TI - [Vascular diseases in lipedema of the legs. Special symptoms, common therapeutic results, viewpoint on vascular surgery]. AB - Lipedema of the legs is a symmetrical thickening of upper and lower leg and topically accentuated fat pads. The back of the foot is usually free of swelling. Pathogenetically it is a disturbance of the distribution pattern of subcutaneous fat tissue. Epidemiologically, the subjects affected are women, starting from puberty. Weight reduction programs do not influence the real deformations. If this abnormal fat tissue is infiltrated by angiological diseases, these manifest themselves in modified form. In particular, all the symptoms are more painful. In arterial ischemic syndromes that taut skin is susceptible to necrosis at atypical locations. For reconstruction of trunk arteries it is advisable to bypass larger bulges for better wound nealing. Venous strips should be peeled out away from fat pads and venous-bridges very carefully to protect the tissue. Acute and chronic phlebothrombosis lead to unusual and asymmetrical forms of swelling. The venous ulcer lies directly beneath a fat-muff in the gaiter region. Since they are hard to compress, free skin transplants should be considered early in the course of development. Surgery of varicose veins calls for most careful technique to ensure wound healing. From the lymphological viewpoint there are clinically and lymphographically mixed forms of lymphedema with lipedema. PMID- 7134942 TI - [Occupation-related lung diseases in hard metal production and manufacturing. An allergic process?]. AB - The clinical heterogeneity of hard metal disease lung with its two basic forms, i.e. hart metal pneumonitis and hard metal asthma, supports the view of different pathogenetic mechanisms. Cobalt, which is generally considered the noxious agent in hard metal diseases, is cytotoxic on the one hand and allergenic on the other. Four typical, extensively investigated cases are presented, i.e. hard metal pneumoconiosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, toxic-irritative hard metal asthma and allergic cobalt asthma. The immunological results were negative in the patient with hard metal pneumoconiosis. A hard metal grinder with typical occupational hypersensitivity pneumonitis showed a high level of precipitating antibodies against Aureobasidium pullulans, a well-known antigen in humidifier fever and sequoiosis. The inhalative provocation test induced on both patients with hard metal asthma an immediate and prolonged, i.e. a dual asthmatic reaction. Only the patient with allergic contact eczema due to cobalt and a positive epicutaneous test of the delayed type and a positive scratch tests of the immediate type with cobalt chloride. PMID- 7134943 TI - [Coronary care units-early discharge and telemetry]. AB - Data of 170 consecutive patients admitted to a coronary care unit (CCU) with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are reviewed and nature, incidence and time of occurrence of complications are studied. 94 of 170 patients had complications during the day of admission, while 7 of the remaining 76 experienced problems on the second day. On the third day only 3 patients had complications. Patients with complications on the day of admission are at high risk for severe complications and have a hospital mortality of 42%. Patients without complications during first 24 hours rarely have complications later and have a hospital mortality of 4%. It is concluded that patients with uncomplicated AMI can be transferred to a general ward after a 24 hour period of monitoring in CCU. These patients need supervision of myocardial function and rhythm over the next days. Checking of myocardial function has to be done clinically, while rhythm monitoring continuous telemetry of the ECG signal is suitable. PMID- 7134944 TI - [Trichinellosis with neurological complications. Case report and short overview]. AB - A 53-year-old, previously healthy man developed persistent diarrhea 4 days after ingestion of smoked but uncooked pork sausages in the Southern Tyrol. On his return to Switzerland he ate the same sausages and was admitted to hospital with migrating muscle pain, fever and chills. While fever and diarrhea soon regressed, the patient exhibited neurologic symptoms and change of character. The leukocyte count was 14 000/mm3 with 39% eosinophils. 40 days after hospitalization a second muscle biopsy established the diagnosis of Trichinella spiralis infection. At the same time, serologic tests were positive for Trichinella spiralis. Epidemiology, parasitology, symptomatology, diagnosis, therapy, prophylaxis and prognosis of trichinellosis are briefly discussed. PMID- 7134945 TI - [Experience with measurements of intracranial pressure in post-hypoxic and post traumatic coma]. AB - In 27 patients intracranial pressure monitoring (ICP) was carried out for 4-5 days (severe head injury 23, hypoxia after cardiac arrest 3, brain tumor 1). Patients were included who reached a score of 8 or less on the Glasgow Coma Scale and who did not need immediate surgery. The measurements were done with epidural screws (20 patients) and with indwelling ventricular catheters 7). The individually highest ICPs were recorded 3-4 days after incident. 14 patients recovered completely, 3 remained slightly and 3 severely disabled, and 7 patients died. ICP monitoring permitted precise and rational therapeutic management but was of little value prognostically. Poor Glasgow scores were linked to high mortality. The advantages and disadvantages of the two ICP monitoring techniques are discussed. ICP monitoring is recommended as a useful and safe tool for titrated management of deeply comatose patients. PMID- 7134946 TI - [Boletus luridus and alcohol. Case report]. AB - When ingested with alcohol, certain drugs (e.g. cephalosporins, sulfonylurea, metronidazole, griseofulvin, chloramphenicol), calcium cyanamide, dimethyl formamide and certain mushrooms cause a disulfiram-alcohol type reaction. Three cases of a disulfiram-alcohol type reaction after ingestion of Boletus luridus and alcohol are described. No serious symptoms were observed. In contrast to Coprinus atramentarius, the toxin of Boletus luridus is unknown. PMID- 7134947 TI - [Orellanus syndrome: mushroom poisoning with kidney insufficiency]. AB - The Orellanus syndrome is a rare nephrotoxic disease caused by several fungi of the genus Cortinarius. For a long time the sole report of this syndrome was a mass intoxication in Poland. About 32 cases of Orellanus syndrome caused by Cortinarius orellanus, speciocissimus and splendens have been described in recent years. A few other species are also suspected of being nephrotoxic. The syndrome is characterized by a delayed latency period of 2 days to 3 weeks, and a chronic evolution involving fatigue, anorexia, headache, thirst, pains in the lumbar region and renal insufficiency with oliguria and anuria, and the clinical picture by reversible or irreversible interstitial nephritis. In this report the clinical and mycological features are summarized. PMID- 7134948 TI - [Synoviorthese]. AB - Among the various possibilities for local treatment of rheumatoid synovitis, intra-articular injection of corticosteroids has only a very temporary effect. The same can be said of local treatment with cytostatics, though the effect is somewhat longer-lived. After intra-articular treatment with 1% osmic acid, joint effusions in particular remain under control over a lengthy period of time. The most effective conservative local treatment appears to be radionuclide therapy, and in older patients it may be a true alternative to surgical synovectomy. Radionuclides with varying physical properties are administered according to the size of the joint. The dosage of these substances also depends on the size of the joint. If precautions are taken, side effects are rare. PMID- 7134949 TI - [Modern antibiotic therapy in acute ORL infections. Results of a survey, bacteriological viewpoints and suggestions for antibiotic therapy]. AB - To gain information on antibiotics usage in the daily practice of ENT specialists in the Zurich area, 64 questionnaires were distributed at the beginning of 1980. Approximately half the questionnaires were returned. The results of antibiotics usage in common ENT infections are summarized and their bacteriological spectrum is discussed in the light of the literature. Finally, the spectrum of activity and daily cost of various antibiotics are discussed and an appropriate antibiotic therapy is recommended. PMID- 7134950 TI - [Primary hyperparathyroidism of the aged female: effect of estrogens on calcium metabolism]. AB - Serum calcium, urinary calcium and a calcium loading test were evaluated twice in 5 elderly women with primary hyperparathyroidism, once not under and once under estrogen therapy. The treatment produced a significant lowering of blood calcium and normalization of urinary calcium excretion in the fasting state, per 24 h and after calcium load. Estrogen therapy might be useful in conservative treatment of asymptomatic hyperparathyroidism and in symptomatic cases where surgery is impossible. PMID- 7134951 TI - [Phenacetin abuse V: number of phenacetin abusers in Basel autopsy material 1978 1980. Results of a prospective study]. AB - Between 1978-1890 the incidence of analgesic (phenacetin) abuse in autopsies of adult inhabitants of Basle was 3.87%. Only 2.3% of these were known abusers. The incidence of abuse varied considerably in different age groups, with a maximum of 16% in women in the age group 50-59 years. The sex distribution was male/female 1:1.93. It can therefore be assumed that 1500-3000 inhabitants of Basle actively abuse or abused phenacetin containing analgesics. Extension of the prescription requirement to all salicylate and paracetamol containing analgesics is accordingly recommended. PMID- 7134952 TI - [Rare variant of a Turner-Ullrich syndrome]. AB - A 25-year-old patient with 45-X0-Turner syndrome exhibited at autopsy dysgenesis of the ovaries and anomalies of the phenotypus and the great blood-vessels (especially coarctation of the aorta). Also found were abnormalities of the urogenital tract, osteoporosis, spider finger, "pectus excavatum" and idiopathic medionecrosis which had led to a rupture of the ascending aorta. This combination of symptoms of Turner syndrome on the one and of Marfan syndrome on the other suggests that in our case two different syndromes coincided accidentally due to a chromosomal aberration. Also worth mentioning is an extraordinary structure of the media in the great blood vessels of the pelvic and femoral region, a texture nerve previously described in the literature. PMID- 7134953 TI - [Nephrology in general practice]. AB - Hints for the practitioner concerning the management of patients with renal disease are presented. Important facts relating to history, physical, laboratory and radiological findings are stressed and diagnostic assessment is briefly described. Although the general practitioner will refer such patients in most instances to a nephrologist, he should know what kind of further examinations and studies are necessary for correct diagnosis and adequate treatment. The present therapeutic possibilities have greatly improved, but one still disappointing aspect is the treatment of certain forms of glomerulonephritis. The cumulative survival rates in patients undergoing hemodialysis and renal transplantation are assessed and compared with the survival rates in patients suffering from myocardial infarct and carcinoma of the breast, colon and the lung. Essential preventive measures are avoidance of toxic substances like analgesics and consistent antihypertensive therapy even in patients with a renal ailment. The dosage of drugs which are mainly eliminated by the kidneys must be adapted to renal function (serum creatinine or clearance of endogenous creatinine). PMID- 7134954 TI - [1st use of lactitol in the treatment of porto-systemic encephalopathy]. AB - Lactitol (beta-galactosido-sorbitol) is not absorbed in the small bowel but metabolized by colonic bacteria, and should therefore be as effective in the treatment of portal-systemic encephalopathy as lactulose (beta-galactosido fructose). This hypothesis was tested in a 61-year-old alcoholic with an end-to side portacaval anastomosis and chronic portal-systemic encephalopathy. Under controlled conditions he was switched from optimized treatment with lactulose to several regimens with lactitol (40-68 g/day), after which he was maintained on the new treatment for 1 year. On lactitol his condition was at least as good as on lactulose, but lactitol produced no taste aversion because it is less sweet. In addition, the patient no longer had nausea after taking the drug because lactitol can be supplied in a nonhygroscopic, chemically pure, crystalline form and therefore is less hyperosmotic than lactulose, which is supplied with contaminations of galactose and lactose. Obviously the data in single case represent only a feasibility study. Nevertheless, the outcome in this patient, together with the advantages of the new sugar, justify the planning of controlled clinical trials. PMID- 7134955 TI - [Acute delirium in bismuth poisoning]. AB - Typical clinical signs and symptoms of bismuth intoxication are illustrated in a cases of a 45-year-old woman. Initially psychasthenia appears followed by acute delirium with ataxia, myoclonic jerks and occasionally coma. If patients survive the acute phase they recover only gradually following discontinuation of bismuth medication. In cases of extreme intoxication, permanent memory deficits may occur. Etiology, pathogenesis, laboratory findings, differential diagnosis and therapy of this rare iatrogenic encephalopathy are discussed. PMID- 7134956 TI - [Epidemiological and medical importance of trichinosis in wild animals in Belgium. A summary of studies 1979-1981]. PMID- 7134958 TI - Aneurysms. PMID- 7134957 TI - [Parasites of stone martens (Martes foina) in the canton of Vaud 1980-1981]. PMID- 7134959 TI - Artificial intelligence. PMID- 7134960 TI - Effect of chronic irradiation of 60Co-gamma-ray at low dose rate on rhesus monkey - effect on peripheral blood and testis. AB - The authors have demonstrated that after a long-term chronic irradiation of 2.17 rad/day for 2 months, the testis of the experimental monkey (Macaca mulatta) is extremely atrophied with a loss of reproductive ability. But the effect on peripheral blood is not apparent even after irradiation for 57 months. It should be noted that rhesus monkeys, being as sensitive to irradiation and similar in evolutionary steps as human beings, could be used as experimental animals to further study the dose rate for aspermatogenesis, the morphological injuring effect on the reproductive system and the cytogenetic effect of irradiation, and this is highly important to working out a standard of promised dose of irradiation for X-ray workers and an index or radiation protection monitoring. PMID- 7134961 TI - A hypothesis of DNA structure--inspiration from the topological transformation of supercoiled DNA. PMID- 7134962 TI - Purification and characterization of a DNA polymerase-template complex in mouse ascites tumor cells. AB - A DNA polymerase-template complex found in mouse Erhlich ascites tumor cells was purified by twice discontinuous gradient centrifugations and agarose gel filtration. After purification, the specific activity of the complex increased about 500-fold. The size of the complex was found to be 510,000 daltons. The shape of the complex was globular under electron microscope. Its diameter was between 100-110 A. The complex was isolated into two main enzyme proteins and a homogeneous DNA template by DEAE cellulose chromatography. The main enzyme had a molecular weight of 300,000 daltons and a sedimentation coefficient of 9.5s. The endogenous template DNA showed a single zone in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. The sedimentation coefficient was determined to be 3.8s. PMID- 7134963 TI - Use of human erythrocyte ghosts for transfer of 125I-BSA and 125I-DNA into animal cells through cell fusion. AB - 125I-BSA and human 125I-DNA fragments have been prepared for tests for loading efficiency by the erythrocyte ghosts, which is found to be 3.7 and 3.0 per cent respectively. The experiments are reproducible. The 125I-DNA fragments trapped in the erythrocyte ghosts are transferred into DON cells through cell fusion or "microinjection". The injection efficiency appraised by autoradiography amounts to 58 per cent. PMID- 7134964 TI - Change in cancer gene pinpointed. PMID- 7134965 TI - Sensitivity to carcinogenesis in nude mice: skin tumors caused by transplacental exposure to ethylnitrosourea. AB - Female athymic nude mice and their phenotypically normal littermates were exposed transplacentally to ethylnitrosourea. Skin tumors (papillomas and sebaceous adenomas) developed on the nude mice with an almost tenfold greater incidence than on their haired littermates. Skin tumors were also induced on nude mice but not haired controls by direct intraperitoneal treatment with ethylnitrosourea. These results indicate that nude mice have higher than normal susceptibility to carcinogenesis under some circumstances. PMID- 7134966 TI - Damage to hypothalamic dopaminergic neurons is associated with development of prolactin-secreting pituitary tumors. AB - Old female rats with spontaneous prolactin-secreting pituitary tumors (prolactinomas) and young females with prolactinomas produced by prolonged estrogen treatment had damaged tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons. Since these neurons inhibit the function of pituitary prolactin-secreting cells, their destruction may lead to development of prolactinomas. PMID- 7134967 TI - Habituation and sensitization of startle reflexes elicited electrically from the brainstem. AB - Repetitive elicitation of startle-like responses by electrical stimulation of the cochlear nucleus led to sensitization followed by habituation. In contrast, repetitive elicitation of startle-like responses by electrical stimulation of the reticular formation led only to sensitization. Since these different locations represent different points along the acoustic startle circuit, the data suggest that sensitization may be related to the motor side of reflex arcs, whereas habituation may be related to the sensory side. PMID- 7134969 TI - Topological structure in visual perception. AB - Three experiments on tachistoscopic perception of visual stimuli demonstrate that the visual system is sensitive to global topological properties. The results indicate that extraction of global topological properties is a basic factor in perceptual organization. PMID- 7134968 TI - A specific and enduring improvement in visual motion discrimination. AB - Training improves the ability of human observers to discriminate between two similar directions of motion. This gradual improvement is specific to the direction on which an observer is trained, and it endures for several months. Improvement does not affect motion perception generally, nor does it depend on recognition of details of the movement. PMID- 7134971 TI - Cassava: a basic energy source in the tropics. AB - Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is the fourth most important source of food energy in the tropics. More than two-thirds of the total production of this crop is used as food for humans, with lesser amounts being used for animal feed and industrial purposes. The ingestion of high levels of cassava has been associated with chronic cyanide toxicity in parts of Africa, but this appears to be related to inadequate processing of the root and poor overall nutrition. Although cassava is not a complete food it is important as a cheap source of calories. The crop has a high yield potential under good conditions, and compared to other crops it excels under suboptimal conditions, thus offering the possibility of using marginal land to increase total agricultural production. Breeding programs that bring together germ plasm from different regions coupled with improved agronomic practices can markedly increase yields. The future demand for fresh cassava may depend on improved storage methods. The markets for cassava as a substitute for cereal flours in bakery products and as an energy source in animal feed rations are likely to expand. The use of cassava as a source of ethanol for fuel depends on finding an efficient source of energy for distillation or an improved method of separating ethanol from water. PMID- 7134972 TI - No fraud found in alcoholism study. PMID- 7134970 TI - Potassium iodide: effectiveness after nuclear accidents. PMID- 7134973 TI - Aphasia and speech organization in children. AB - A long-standing controversy concerns whether lateralized cerebral specialization for speech and language is present at the time of language origins (developmental invariance) or whether it gradually develops from initial bilaterality (developmental progression). Thus controversy is complicated by conflicting reports of the incidence of childhood aphasia. The discrepancies are largely due to one early study. When methods for estimating speech organization distributions are applied to later studies, the developmental invariance position is supported. PMID- 7134974 TI - Odor quality: semantically generated multidimensional profiles are stable. AB - Odors of ten compounds were characterized by approximately 150 subjects who used a list of 146 descriptors. Duplicate profiles correlated highly (P less than .001) and consistently higher than profiles of different odors. Profiles also agreed with those obtained previously. Thus, profiles based on combined responses of many subjects are stable constructs. PMID- 7134976 TI - Rotational invariance in visual pattern recognition by pigeons and humans. AB - Pigeons and humans chose which one of two alternative visual forms was identical to, or a mirror image of, a previously presented sample form. The two comparison forms were presented in various orientations with respect to the sample. The two species yielded similar accuracies, but although human reaction times depended linearly on the angular disparities, those of the pigeon did not. Humans appeared to apply a well-known, thoughtlike, mental rotation procedure to the problem, whereas pigeons seemed to rely on a more efficient automatic process that humans can use only in simpler rotational invariance tasks. Mirror-image forms may be better discriminated by the pigeon's visual system than by the human one. PMID- 7134975 TI - Color vision is altered during the suppression phase of binocular rivalry. AB - Increment-threshold spectral sensitivity functions were determined during the dominance and suppression phases of binocular rivalry. The shapes of the functions obtained during the dominance phase exhibited three maxima at approximately 440, 530, and 610 nanometers and resembled functions obtained for nonrivalrous control conditions. However, the functions measured during suppression had a single broad peak near 555 nanometers and were adequately described by functions measured with flicker methods during nonrivalrous conditions. The results indicate that binocular rivalry differentially attenuates opponent-color information relative to achromatic information. PMID- 7134977 TI - Lesion-induced sprouting in the rat dentate gyrus is inhibited by repeated ethanol administration. AB - The effect of ethanol on hippocampal axonal sprouting was studied with a histochemical technique for identifying acetylcholinesterase. Unilateral lesion of the entorhinal cortex in adult rats produced an increase in the density of acetylcholinesterase staining in the outer molecular layer and a concomitant increase in the width of the pale-staining commissural-associational zone of the dentate gyrus. Other rats were given ethanol (11.3 +/- 0.45 grams per kilogram) for 2 weeks before and 9 days after receiving the lesion. Ethanol abolished the expansion of the commissural-associated zone. The effect of ethanol on sprouting axons suggests that it may inhibit recovery of function after brain injury. PMID- 7134978 TI - Synchronous neural afterdischarges in rat hippocampal slices without active chemical synapses. AB - Extracellular field potential and intracellular recordings from neurons in rat hippocampus show that, even with synaptic transmission blocked, antidromic electrical stimuli can trigger afterdischarges of up to 9 seconds duration; during these discharges action potentials of a single neuron were synchronized with extracellularly recorded population spikes. Apparently mechanisms other than recurrent chemical synapses can synchronize and recruit epileptiform events. Measurements of transmembrane potential indicate that transient extracellular electrical fields (ephaptic interactions) contribute to the observed synchrony; electrotonic coupling and changes in the concentration of extracellular ions may also contribute. PMID- 7134979 TI - Stimulation of feeding in rats by intraperitoneal injection of antibodies to glucagon. AB - Intraperitoneal injections of antibodies to pancreatic glucagon at the onset of the first meal after 12 hours of food deprivation increased meal size 63 percent and meal duration 74 percent in rats. The antibodies also reduced the increase in hepatic vein blood glucose that occurred during meals in control rats, but did not affect the prandial increase in portal vein blood glucose. These results suggest that, under these conditions, pancreatic glucagon is necessary for the normal termination of meals. PMID- 7134980 TI - Photoreceptor membrane shedding and assembly can be initiated locally within an insect retina. AB - Photoreceptors of locust compound eyes add new receptor membrane at dusk and shed membrane at dawn. When part of an eye is masked before dusk, premature assembly of new membrane is initiated in the masked ommatidia but not in the adjacent unmasked ommatidia. Similarly, masking some ommatidia just before dawn prevents normal shedding only in the masked ommatidia. Therefore, the shedding and assembly phases of photoreceptor membrane turnover can be initiated by a change in the state of illumination of individual ommatidia. PMID- 7134981 TI - Deoxyglucose analysis of retinotopic organization in primate striate cortex. AB - We have anatomically analyzed retinotopic organization using the 14C-labeled 2 deoxy-D-glucose method. The method has several advantages over conventional electrophysiological mapping techniques. In the striate cortex, the anatomical substrate for retinotopic organization is surprisingly well ordered, and there seems to be a systematic relationship between ocular dominance strips and cortical magnification. The 2-deoxyglucose maps in this area appear to be largely uninfluenced by known differences in long-term metabolic activity. This method should prove useful in analyzing retinotopic organization in various visual areas of the brain and in different species. PMID- 7134982 TI - Touching textured surfaces: cells in somatosensory cortex respond both to finger movement and to surface features. AB - Single neurons in Brodmann's areas 3b and 1 of the macaque postcentral gyrus discharge when the monkey rubs the contralateral finger pads across a textured surface. Both the finger movement and the spatial pattern of the surface determine this discharge in each cell. The spatial features of the surface are represented unambiguously only in the responses of populations of these neurons, and not in the responses of the constitutent cells. PMID- 7134983 TI - Manipulation of event-related potential manifestations of information processing stages. AB - The timing of two event-related potential components was differentially affected by two experimental variables. The earlier component (NA) was affected by degradation of the stimuli and the later component (N2) by the nature of a classification task. The results support the hypothesis that NA and N2 reflect sequential stages of information processing, namely, pattern recognition and stimulus classification. PMID- 7134984 TI - Impulse conduction in the mammalian brain: physiological properties of individual axons monitored for several months. AB - Microelectrode recordings were used in conjunction with antidromic activation to monitor impulse conduction along individual mammalian cerebral axons for periods of up to 165 days. Approximately half of the axons studied showed a stable conduction velocity and stable aftereffects of impulse activity. The remaining axons showed slow and progressive increases or decreases in conduction velocity overtime. In these latter axons, changes in the magnitude of the aftereffects of impulse conduction were far less pronounced than were changes in axonal conduction velocity. PMID- 7134985 TI - Electric and magnetic field detection in elasmobranch fishes. AB - Sharks, skates, and rays receive electrical information about the positions of their prey, the drift of ocean currents, and their magnetic compass headings. At sea, dogfish and blue sharks were observed to execute apparent feeding responses to dipole electric fields designed to mimic prey. In training experiments, stingrays showed the ability to orient relative to uniform electric fields similar to those produced by ocean currents. Voltage gradients of only 5 nanovolts per centimeter would elicit either behavior. PMID- 7134986 TI - The case of the misplaced gene. PMID- 7134987 TI - Popliteal cysts: variations on a theme of Baker. AB - Adams in 1840 was the first to describe popliteal cysts, "the enlarged bursa is normally situated beneath the inner head of the gastrocnemius and communicates with the joint by a species of valvular opening." Baker whose name has been given to the cysts suggested in 1877 that the cyst may be a distended bursa related to the semimembranosus tendon. He also suggested that the cyst was connected with the knee synovium and pointed out that the fluid could not return to the joint. He considered that rupture could occur with the formation of calf cysts and that the leak could come from the popliteus bursa. He also commented (Case 1) on difficulty in distinguishing this syndrome from venous thrombosis. He quotes Foucher (1856) who described a typical history of a recurrent cyst with rupture. "An officer first noticed a small swelling in the inner side of the popliteal space, three days after a forced march on a rough road. The tumour only very gradually increased. About eighteen months after its first appearance a sudden effort at extending the leg caused a rupture of the wall of the cyst, the tumour disappearing at the same time that the calf of the leg began to swell. A bandage was applied, but the patient was not laid up. Two years afterwards the cyst was larger than ever; and for a short time the patient was obliged to lie up, as part of the fluid contents of the cyst, after a tight bandaging, had extended on both sides of the knee. Ultimately the disease disappeared." Foucher described 6 cases, but did not observe the communication of the cyst with the knee. Thus, though much of what we know today has been known for over a century, medical text books give scant attention to the subject. The varied clinical patterns derived from popliteal cysts still lead to misdiagnosis with undesirable if not disastrous consequences. Current knowledge of this subject is brought together in this review. PMID- 7134988 TI - Pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis: a vascular hypothesis. AB - Past research into the pathogenesis of RA has generally concerned itself with established inflammation. The present review summarizes alterations in microvascular anatomy and function which occur during the hypoxic state, in various experimental and disease conditions. It further shows that tissue hypoxia is a common finding in RA and that the microvascular alterations of RA are similar to those produced by experimental hypoxia. The available data suggest that microcirculatory compromise, concomitant with an increase in metabolic needs of synovial tissue, may initiate tissue injury via anoxia and acidosis, resulting in hydrolytic enzyme release, increased vascular permeability and acceleration of inflammatory processes. It is further believed that the microcirculatory abnormality may be generalized, accounting for the systemic manifestations often seen in RA. Factors effecting arteriolar blood flow obstruction are reviewed to identify areas for future investigation in RA and other disorders involving microvasculopathy. The multitude of longknown and newly recognized factors predisposing to vasospasm and vasodilatation have been outlined as a guide to possible mechanisms which may be operative in RA. An attempt has been made to gather and synthesize the available data in the hope that it may stimulate other investigators to pursue more definitive research into specific areas which may show early microvascular abnormalities in the pathophysiology of RA. Identification of factors operative early in the pathogenesis of RA, before it becomes self-perpetuating, may well be a step in the direction of preventing the ravages of this disease, or providing insight to more effective control. PMID- 7134989 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of inflammation of the temporomandibular joint. PMID- 7134991 TI - Dysplasia and preclinical carcinoma of the uterine cervix: diagnosis and management. PMID- 7134990 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid immune complexes in systemic lupus erythematosus involving the central nervous system. PMID- 7134992 TI - The earliest diagnosis of cervical cancer and its precursors. PMID- 7134993 TI - Staging and reporting of cervical carcinoma. PMID- 7134994 TI - Radiation treatment of carcinoma of the cervix. AB - To give the optimal treatment to each individual with cancer of the cervix, there must be very close cooperation and professional rapport between the radiation oncologist and gynecologic oncologist. Patients should be evaluated together with a review of the pertinent pathology and diagnostic roentgenograms in order to determine the optimal, individualized treatment plan for each patient. In the radiotherapeutic management of patients with cervical cancer, meticulous care must be taken in the treatment setups for external radiotherapy and the intracavitary radium applications. External fields should be carefully shaped to minimize the amount of normal tissue treated. Radium applications must be carefully reviewed with attention to and correction of minor deviations in the radium geometry, which could give rise to "hot" or "cold" spots in the radium dosage. With attention paid to the above factors, radiotherapy in the treatment of cervical cancer can be extremely rewarding. The majority of the patients treated will be cured and will be able to return to normal, functional lives. Most of the patients seen with cervical cancer do not have other major medical illnesses that will limit their lifespan, and as a result, 10-, 20-, and 30-yr survivals after treatment are being reported. PMID- 7134995 TI - Pelvic exenterative therapy and the treatment of recurrent carcinoma of the cervix. PMID- 7134996 TI - DES-related female genital changes. PMID- 7134997 TI - Right ventricular infarction - clinical haemodynamic, echocardiographic and therapeutic considerations. PMID- 7134998 TI - Augmentation mammoplasty for the male transsexual. PMID- 7134999 TI - Chlorpromazine induced T wave and QT alternans - a case report and review. PMID- 7135000 TI - Resistance to oral anticoagulant therapy - case report and review of literature. PMID- 7135001 TI - Cortical blindness complicating acute nephritis - a case report and electrophysiological study. PMID- 7135002 TI - The current status of calcium antagonists in cardiovascular therapy. PMID- 7135003 TI - Factors influencing leucocyte counts on peripheral blood. PMID- 7135004 TI - Effect of D-penicillamine and levamisole on human lymphocytes in vitro. PMID- 7135005 TI - Standardized mortality ratios for some cancer sites among the main ethnic and Chinese dialect groups in Singapore, 1970. PMID- 7135006 TI - An outpatient observation of the foreskin among Chinese children in Hong Kong. PMID- 7135007 TI - Myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome - a clinical study. PMID- 7135008 TI - Production and reproduction. Women and breastfeeding: some Nigerian examples. AB - Breastfeeding is of crucial importance in the developing world, not only to the health of the mother and her infant, but to the community in general. The importance of breastfeeding of infants lies not only in its nutritional and hygienic properties, but also because of its immunological effects and its influence in the control of fertility. The literature review is combined with a discussion of aspects of research undertaken by the authors under the headings of length of breastfeeding, bottlefeeding and breastfeeding and fertility. Most of the examples come from Nigeria, but the problems discussed are common to much of the developing world. Under a discussion of social and policy implications, the need for governments in the developing countries to adopt the recent World Health Organisation's code of practice to curtail the sale of artificial infant milks, is stressed. It is suggested that health agencies in countries like Nigeria should go to the rural areas now, to instruct the women and men in the dangers of bottle feeding and the benefits of breastfeeding, before the 'modernisation' of infant feeding, so evident in the towns, spreads to the rural areas. PMID- 7135009 TI - Psycho-social influence on self-care of the hemodialysis patient. AB - The purpose of this paper is to clarify the psycho-social factors needed for chronic hemodialysis patients to properly engage in self-care behaviors for diet and other matters. The hypotheses concerning the psycho-social factors of self care for hematocrit, water, sodium and potassium were verified. This study has yielded several results, of which the following four are the most important. First, since patients engage in many kinds of self-care behaviors--some effectively and others not so--it is important that we distinguish them according to their effectiveness. Some patients are in fact doing things every day that are actually detrimental to their health. Second, the physical patient's conditions, 'behavioral senses' regarding his habits, and the criticisms he receives in his work place generally tend to interfere with his self-care behaviors. Yet those who are aware of its influence and who try hard to overcome it tend to be more successful than those who are less aware and do not try as hard. Moreover, the factor that distinguishes these two types of patient is their personality characteristic of perceived 'external-internal locus of control over what happens to them'. Thus it is important to perceive the 'internal locus of control'. Fourth, since the patient's feeling that life is meaningful enables him to actively pursue self-care efforts, such a feeling helps bring about favorable medical test scores. And whether the patient is able to develop a feeling that his life is meaningful is closely related to his family and work. Therefore, it can be said that the patient will need to be provided with such psychosocial support as helping him to solve whatever problem he may have in his family and job, so that he may feel that 'life is meaningful'. PMID- 7135010 TI - Mutual support groups in Great Britain. A survey. PMID- 7135011 TI - The demand for dental health. AB - This study evaluates the determinants of demand for dental health in the context of an econometric model where dental health and dental care are jointly endogenous. The theoretical analysis is based on the application of economic theory to production activities occurring at the individual or household level. A number of hypotheses concerning the change in demand for home and market dental care with respect to price and income changes are posited and empirically tested. Additional hypotheses concerning the relation between dental care and dental health are also examined statistically while controlling for a variety of sociodemographic and economic factors. One of the key empirical findings is that the net price elasticity for dental services is quite low (-0.2) for this sample of individuals with high dental insurance coverage. PMID- 7135012 TI - A resource inventory approach to needs assessment. Examples from a statewide hypertension control program. PMID- 7135013 TI - Medicine under socialism. Some observations on Yugoslavia and China. PMID- 7135014 TI - Illness behavior and the sick role in chronic disease. The case of multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7135015 TI - The primary medical care practitioner's attitudes toward psychiatry. An Israeli study. AB - General practitioners are important to the delivery of mental health care because they perform three important functions, as an identifier, as a referral agent and as a caregiver. This study investigates the importance of the attitudes G.P.s hold on their performance of two of these functions, screening and referring. Relying on items developed in previous investigations, four measures of attitudinal dimensions are developed using factor analysis: Belief in Psychogenesis, Psychiatric Fatalism, Referral Reluctance and G.P. as Caregiver. These attitude dimensions are then related to the functions of screening and referral. Three major findings emerge from the results. First, the attitudinal dimensions uncovered are empirically distinct, suggesting that no single pro-to anti psychiatry is present. Second, attitudes play a role in the screening of cases. A G.P. is more likely to identify cases if he believes in the psychogenesis of physical disorders, and is not concerned that identification and referral will lead to negative consequences for the patient. Third and finally, attitudes do not play a strong role in the referral of cases once they have been identified as such. The findings are presented and interpreted by referring to the sensitive position G.P.s occupy between the public and the psychiatrist. PMID- 7135016 TI - Fear of death and dying among medical students. PMID- 7135018 TI - The ethnography of health care decisions. PMID- 7135017 TI - Psychology in an integrated undergraduate medical curriculum. PMID- 7135019 TI - Variation in the choice of treatment in two Mexican communities. PMID- 7135020 TI - Help-seeking behavior among foreign-born and native-born Mexican Americans. AB - For many aspects of help-seeking behavior, generalizations about ethnic minorities obscure important intraethnic variations. This paper examines the distinction between foreign-born and native-born Mexican Americans and its impact on correlated traits which are significant in the help-seeking process: socioeconomic status, level of acculturation, intensity of religious affiliation, the presence of an extensive social support system, and familiarity with public agencies. Two case studies are presented to illustrate differences in the search for help for emotional problems. Intraethnic diversity is demonstrated with regard to attitude toward and availability of potential sources of help, selection of helping agents in times of emotional need, frequency of consultation, and the relationship between ethnicity and mental health. PMID- 7135022 TI - The implications of role expectations for birth assistance among Bariba women. PMID- 7135021 TI - Recognizing active labor. A test of a decision-making guide for pregnant women. PMID- 7135023 TI - The logic of well being. Therapeutic narratives in Cairo, Egypt. PMID- 7135024 TI - Childbirth in Tunisia. Implications of a decision-making model. PMID- 7135025 TI - Northern Thai health care alternatives. Patient control and the structure of medical pluralism. AB - Two distinct features characterize village behavior in dealing with health care alternatives in Northern Thailand. First, the individual strives to preserve a secure social environment by controlling the course and choice of treatment during an illness crisis. Second, there are two spheres of health care discernible beyond any division based solely on type of medical technology, or urban-rural or modern-traditional dichotomies. One sphere, 'officially sanctioned', is socially distant from the patient and totally dependent on the support, and under the aegis of central authority; the other sphere, 'locally sanctioned', is socially close to the patient and dependent on the approval and support of only the local population. The nature of each sphere is dependent upon (1) the way in which practitioners are validated and sanctioned; (2) the internal organization of each practitioner group; and (3) the style of interaction between the practitioner and patient and his or her family. The variable success of patients in controlling the course of their treatment is demonstrated by the styles of interaction in the respective spheres. Attempts to manipulate the healer by influencing the context of healing, the amount and terms of payment for services rendered, and the type of therapy given are major parts of this control. The history of the local medical system suggests that patients in the research area became accustomed to these efforts to control quite early. Such attempts have been instrumental in shaping the present form of the medical system; therefore, a connection between those efforts to control the course of healing and the shape of the medical system is postulated and explored here. PMID- 7135027 TI - Patient symptoms and physician prescribing patterns in the elderly. AB - The aim was to determine if different doctors prescribed differently for older patients with the same diagnoses as patients who were younger. Five ambulatory care physicians were selected randomly from a staff of 15. Over age 65 male patients (N = 329) were compared with 889 younger patients in regard to symptoms and medications. Patient-rated symptoms differed by age of patients but not by the five physicians. Comparison of 20 types of medications showed seven differed by patient age but none by physician. Analysis of data in an age x physician grouping, however, showed that certain physicians treated older patients differently in regard to use of digitalis, tranquilizers and pain medications. The findings suggest remarkable similarity in symptoms for older patients seen by different physicians. While use of the medications did not differ between physicians for patients as a total group, they did differ when age of the patient was taken into account. The inconsistent use of certain medications for the old without support of symptoms and diagnoses raises questions about how the old are viewed as a group by some physicians. PMID- 7135026 TI - The role of cultural explanations in 'somatization' and 'psychologization'. AB - Ethnographic and clinical research has described Chinese views of psycho-social distress as characterized by the 'somatization' of illness complaints and the 'underutilization' of mental health services. The hypothesis which states that such observed differences in American and Chinese illness behavior, including health-care decisions, derive in part from cultural modes of explaining illness and social behavior is termed the 'interpretative hypothesis'. The 'interpretive hypothesis' is explored by eliciting causal inferences about illness and behavioral difficulties from samples of (Caucasian) American and Hong Kong Chinese students at the University of Hawaii. Explicit procedures are developed for the reliable identification of elements of meaning in explanations given by the two groups. Comparative analysis gives limited support to the 'interpretive hypothesis' in showing a more 'psychologized' American model of illness in comparison with the 'situational' explanations given by the Hong Kong Chinese. The contrasts in common sense explanations offered by each sample suggest that these differences are related to implicit cultural modes of interpreting social behavior which have been characterized by other researchers with oppositions such as 'individual-centered' vs 'situation-centered', and 'internal' vs 'external' locus of control. These speculations, however, are tempered by the finding that the Hong Kong Chinese respondents make relatively greater use of personality attributions (a kind of psychological construct) in explaining interpersonal problems. This result indicates that global characterizations of explanatory modes should be limited to specific domains of discourse. PMID- 7135028 TI - Ageing in the South Pacific. Physical changes with urbanization. AB - The process of ageing, the place the elderly hold in the South Pacific societies and the care they receive as they move from adult independence to geriatric dependence varies considerably in different Pacific Polynesian populations. This provides unusual opportunity to examine the physical changes of ageing in people of the same broad genetic make-up exposed to environmental changes brought about by urbanization. Epidemiological surveys carried out since 1962 among New Zealand Maoris, Tongans, Cook Island Maoris in Rarotonga and Pukapuka, and Tokelauans living in Tokelau and following migration to New Zealand, provide the main data base for this presentation. The pattern of blood pressure, body weight, serum lipids and clinical disorders show considerable variation which relate most closely to the adoption of westernized life-style and moving into an urban environment. Analysis of the ECG pattern, in Pukapukans, in whom blood pressure shows only a minor increase with age, compared with age and sex-matched subjects studied in Newcastle, England provide insights into the ageing heart. An examination of mortality based on risk factors at entry shows an inverse relationship of serum cholesterol to total mortality in New Zealand Maori men and women, in Tokelau men but not women. Increasing systolic blood pressure was related to mortality in New Zealand Maori men, Tokalau men and Caucasian women, but not in the other race sex groups. The pattern of ageing and risk factors must clearly be examined in individual populations because while death is the end the pathways vary. PMID- 7135029 TI - End stage renal disease (ESRD) and the marital dyad. a literature review and critique. AB - As medical advances have increased the expected longevity of ESRD patients, the familial elements of adjustment to this illness and its treatment regimen have become particularly important. Over the past dozen years, a body of literature has accumulated on the psychosocial adjustment of ESRD patients and their partners. In general, it has shown that each spouse's individual adjustment may be strongly influenced by the other's reactions to the illness. However, a good integration of an interpersonal framework has been lacking in most of these studies. This article reviews the area and offers methodological and theoretical suggestions for future investigations. PMID- 7135030 TI - Food as medicine and medicine as food. An adaptive framework for the interpretation of plant utilization among the Hausa of Northern Nigeria. PMID- 7135031 TI - Prevalence of treated and untreated psychiatric disorders in three ethnic groups. AB - The pattern and overlap of treated and untreated rates of psychiatric symptoms and disorders were examined in a sample of whites, blacks, and Mexican-Americans. In addition, we compared treatment sources for family or personal problems for the three groups. The results suggest caution in substituting treated for untreated rates and also in interchanging rates based on symptom scales with rates from clinical diagnostic instruments. Underutilization was assessed by linking psychiatric status with reports of help-seeking behavior. Comparisons indicated that all groups underuse services relative to need, but underutilization is greater for blacks and Mexican-Americans. With the exception of nonpsychiatric physicians, use of treatment sources was similar for all groups. Whites were much more likely than blacks or Mexican-Americans to use this source of care. Possible reasons for this difference are discussed in the context of the methodology employed in the study. PMID- 7135033 TI - [Concern for the health of the people is the most important task of a socialist society]. PMID- 7135032 TI - Measurement and analysis of Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Epilepsy and Persons with Epilepsy. AB - The Scale of Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Epilepsy and Persons with Epilepsy (ATPE) was developed as a contemporary, brief, easy to administer and score, psychometrically sound instrument. The 32 item scale consists of 25 statements from which an attitude score is derived and 13 statements from which a knowledge score is derived. Data were collected and analyzed which indicate satisfactory item characteristics, scale reliability and internal consistency. Scale development supports the content validity of the scale, while data from multiple regression and factor analyses support its construct validity. The scale should be useful for the investigation of questions concerning the formation, structure, correlates and modification of knowledge and attitudes regarding epilepsy and persons with epilepsy. PMID- 7135034 TI - [Means of reducing the losses in the annual work day allocation of physicians in outpatient polyclinic institutions]. PMID- 7135035 TI - [Role of rehabilitative treatment in the system of dispensary care for the population]. PMID- 7135036 TI - [Principles of the primary and secondary prevention of nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 7135037 TI - [Work capacity of women cured of cervical cancer and the problems of their work rehabilitation]. PMID- 7135039 TI - [Experience in organizing the work of pediatric hospitals]. PMID- 7135040 TI - [Attracting students to research work as a form of optimizing the academic process]. PMID- 7135038 TI - [Development of generalized indices]. PMID- 7135041 TI - [Museum of the Central Institute of Physician Advanced Training of the Order of Lenin]. PMID- 7135042 TI - [Treatment of unilateral fracture-dislocations and isolated femoral dislocations by transosseous osteosynthesis]. PMID- 7135043 TI - [Treatment of inveterate fractures of the distal epimetaphysis of the radius in the elderly]. PMID- 7135044 TI - [Myxomas of the endocardium]. PMID- 7135045 TI - [Diagnosis of dermoid cysts of the pelvic area using echography]. PMID- 7135046 TI - [Myxomas of the left atrium]. PMID- 7135047 TI - [Polarography in the diagnosis of different types of viral hepatitis]. PMID- 7135048 TI - [Diagnostic problems in berylliosis]. PMID- 7135049 TI - [Hypothermia in operations on the cirrhotically altered liver]. PMID- 7135050 TI - [Diagnosis and classification of arteriovenous aneurysms of the spinal cord]. PMID- 7135051 TI - [Pregnancy in hypothyroidism]. PMID- 7135052 TI - [Glucocorticoid receptors in the myometrium in uterine myoma]. PMID- 7135053 TI - [Prognosis of the indications for performing a relaparotomy]. PMID- 7135054 TI - [Pathogenesis of congenital hydronephrosis]. PMID- 7135055 TI - [Erythrocyte surface architectonics in cancer and chronic diseases of the stomach]. PMID- 7135057 TI - [Improvement in primary medical care for the population of the Baskir ASSR]. PMID- 7135056 TI - [Clinico-epidemiological characteristics of salmonellosis]. PMID- 7135058 TI - [Effectiveness of dispensary care in chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 7135059 TI - [Endopulmonary cytogram]. PMID- 7135060 TI - [Medical museums and the education of the Soviet physician]. PMID- 7135061 TI - [Organization of outpatient polyclinic care in the countries of Europe]. PMID- 7135062 TI - [Evaluation of cardiovascular function in the work capacity expertise of hypertensive patients]. PMID- 7135063 TI - [Differential diagnosis of sepsis from systemic and chronic diseases]. PMID- 7135064 TI - [Treatment of duodenal peptic ulcer by the transduodenal administration of drugs via a fiberendoscope]. PMID- 7135065 TI - The clinical anatomy of the cervical dorsal rami. AB - A detailed description of the anatomy of the cervical dorsal rami is provided on the basis of the past literature and independent studies on five cadavers. In particular, the anatomy of the upper cervical dorsal rami and the innervation of the cervical zygapophyseal joints are described. The clinical significance of the cervical dorsal rami is discussed in relation to headache, occipital neuralgia, and neck pain. The surgical anatomy of cervical facet denervation is discussed. The radiologic anatomy of the medial branches of the cervical dorsal rami is described, and target points suitable for diagnostic blocks or facet denervation are illustrated. PMID- 7135066 TI - Reciprocal angulation of vertebral bodies in a sagittal plane: approach to references for the evaluation of kyphosis and lordosis. AB - In order to establish a sagittal plane curve reference table for standing subjects examined laterally, we determined an easily reproducible standard posture. A sample of 100 healthy subjects from 20 to 29 years of age, was chosen (43 women, 57 men). The reciprocal angulations of each vertebral body in relation to the others were fed into a digitalizer and studied by computer. The study particularly concerns maximum kyphosis, maximum lordosis, sacral base slopes, and the tilt of intermediate vertebral bodies. The dispersion of the results is remarkably wide and, within the extreme values, the distribution is irregular. Individual correlations of these values are often dispersed, but spinal morphotypology. For considerable lengths, average values cannot be used as norms, given the wide span of values. Only the extreme limits are useful for the appreciation of curves as excessive, insufficient, or inverted. PMID- 7135067 TI - Scoliosis and cor pulmonale. AB - Twenty patients with cor pulmonale due to scoliosis and associated spine deformities seen at the Twin Cities Scoliosis Center in the past 20 years have been reviewed. The average age was 37 years. The average scoliosis was 135 degrees and ranged from 90 degrees to 200 degrees. Fifteen patients were placed in halo traction, nine of whom went on to surgical stabilization. Of the nine patients having surgical treatment, five had postpoliomyelitis curves, two had congenital, one had infantile idiopathic, and one had frontometaphyseal dysplasia. The best results were in the postpoliomyelitis group, with an average pretreatment vital capacity of 595 cc and posttreatment vital capacity of 1071 cc; the average PaO2 increased from 55 to 64 mm Hg, and the average PaCO2 decreased from 52 to 43 mm Hg. The only death in the postpoliomyelitis group occurred six years postoperatively. Of the four nonpoliomyelitis patients having surgery, only one survived, the patient with frontometaphyseal dysplasia. The difference between the poliomyelitis and nonpoliomyelitis groups was striking. Patients with cor pulmonale due to spine deformity should have careful evaluation and a trial of halo traction. If the vital capacity improves, the PaO2 increases, and the PaCO2 decreases, then surgical stabilization can often be successfully accomplished. If these parameters do not improve in traction, then surgical treatment can be abandoned. PMID- 7135068 TI - Congenital kyphosis. AB - Thirty-four consecutive patients with congenital kyphosis treated surgically between 1971 and 1979 at Boston Children's Hospital were reviewed. Cases were classified into 25 Type I (failure of formation), seven Type II (failure of anterior segmentation), and two Type III (mixed). Staged anterior decompression and posterior fusion was the treatment in 15 Type I cases. Five Type II cases underwent posterior fusion. Patients ambulated in a body cast postoperatively for six months. Neurologic deficit improved postoperatively in six of eight cases. Pseudarthrosis occurred in two of 27 cases (7%) followed for one year. Early surgical treatment of Type I deformity is recommended. Anterior decompression is essential with neurologic deficit. Anterior and posterior fusion are recommended when kyphosis is greater than 60 degrees. PMID- 7135069 TI - The unstable burst fracture. AB - Sixteen patients with "unstable" burst fractures of the thoracolumbar junction were treated with a modified posterolateral decompression and Harrington rod instrumentation. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) could assess the midsagittal diameter of the spinal canal and accurately localize the site of neural impingement. A surprisingly large proportion of cases had CT-demonstrated posterior element fractures which were missed using conventional radiographic modalities. The surgical goal was to provide the optimal environment for neurologic recovery. All 12 patients with neurologic deficits improved postoperatively, including five of eight patients with conus medullaris lesions who had full recovery. One-stage decompression-stabilization reduces the incidence of progressive kyphosis, neurologic deterioration, and mechanical back pain common in both conservative treatment and with wide laminectomy. PMID- 7135070 TI - A biomechanical analysis of the clinical stability of the lumbar and lumbosacral spine. PMID- 7135071 TI - Analysis and quantitative myoelectric measurements of loads on the lumbar spine when holding weights in standing postures. AB - Ten subjects executed a number of weight-holding and force-resisting work tasks while standing either upright or with their trunks in 30 degrees of forward flexion. All tasks involved sagitally symmetric body configurations and were performed isometrically. A simple calculation scheme was devised to predict the lumbar trunk muscle contraction forces and the lumbar spine compression forces required for execution of each task. The myoelectric activity was recorded quantitatively at eight sites over the lumbar trunk muscles and at four sites over the abdominal muscles. Good correlation was found between the predicted muscle contraction forces and the myoelectric activities. PMID- 7135072 TI - Congenital unfused lateral mass of axis. PMID- 7135073 TI - Effects of corrective scoliosis surgery on somatosensory evoked potentials. PMID- 7135074 TI - New initiatives-and new hopes? PMID- 7135075 TI - Special education and research: a recent survey. PMID- 7135077 TI - The role of further education colleges. PMID- 7135076 TI - Teachers and research in special education. PMID- 7135078 TI - Furthering education in the centres. PMID- 7135079 TI - Special needs beyond sixteen. PMID- 7135080 TI - [Evaluation of the tasks of the departmental plan "Surgery of the Thorax and Abdomen" of the Major Problem Commission No. 31 in the 6th 5-year-plan]. PMID- 7135081 TI - [Gastric resection, truncal vagotomy or supraselective vagotomy in the treatment of ulcer disease?]. PMID- 7135082 TI - [The ideal cholecystectomy and its advantages]. PMID- 7135083 TI - [Mesenteric venous thrombosis]. PMID- 7135084 TI - [The importance of the deep femoral artery in reconstructive aortoiliac surgery]. PMID- 7135085 TI - [Reconstructive vascular surgery in older patients]. PMID- 7135086 TI - [The problem of recurrence in inguinal hernia]. PMID- 7135087 TI - [Carcinoembryonic antigens in tumors of the large intestine and rectum]. PMID- 7135088 TI - [Treatment of pilonidal cyst in the sacral region]. PMID- 7135089 TI - [Current problems in trauma surgery]. PMID- 7135090 TI - [Problems of bone hardness in fracture healing]. PMID- 7135091 TI - [Experience in the treatment of multiple injuries in a type II polyclinic]. PMID- 7135092 TI - [Multiple injuries--comments on the classification of multiple injuries and basic approaches in clinical practice]. PMID- 7135093 TI - [Replantation of the amputated hand]. PMID- 7135094 TI - [Possibilities of rehabilitation therapy in an unusual loss of movement stereotyping in a finger]. PMID- 7135095 TI - [Surgical problems in allergies to metals]. PMID- 7135096 TI - [Fractures and pseudoarthroses of the 1st rib]. PMID- 7135097 TI - [Percutaneous repositioning of radial neck fractures with a bone hook]. PMID- 7135098 TI - [Replantation surgery--history, the present and perspectives]. PMID- 7135099 TI - The value and limitations of the tuberculin test. PMID- 7135101 TI - Pulmonary tuberculosis as a present-day thoracic surgical problem. PMID- 7135100 TI - The dynamics of tuberculosis in South Africa and the impact of the control programme. PMID- 7135102 TI - Traditional attitudes towards tuberculosis. PMID- 7135104 TI - Straight and crooked thinking about tuberculosis. PMID- 7135103 TI - The economics of short-course therapy for tuberculosis in the Cape Divisional Council area. PMID- 7135106 TI - The value of different diagnostic treatment and preventive programmes. PMID- 7135105 TI - Tuberculosis control in South Africa. "Where have we gone wrong?' and "A look at the future'. PMID- 7135108 TI - Reversible methods of sterilization. PMID- 7135107 TI - The relevance of short-course tuberculosis chemotherapy to the African situation. PMID- 7135109 TI - Amniotic fluid infection. PMID- 7135110 TI - Trazodone hydrochloride in depressive illness. PMID- 7135111 TI - Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of malignant tumours of the abdomen. AB - Our initial experience of 50 patients who underwent fine-needle aspiration biopsy for suspected abdominal malignant disease confirms the safety and effectiveness of the technique. A positive diagnosis of malignant tumour was made in 36 out of 42 patients who were finally shown to have malignant disease. The correct diagnosis was made on 13 out of 17 patients with a pancreatic tumour; in 17 out of 17 with a liver tumour; in 3 out of 3 with renal masses; and in 3 out of 5 with other malignant lesions. Ultrasound was used for localization of the aspiration site in 38 patients, angiography in 11 patients and direct puncture in 2. During the biopsy of 55 sites, the needle was inserted into the abdomen 190 times and the only significant complication was the development of retroperitoneal haematoma in 2 patients. PMID- 7135112 TI - Repair of a cosmetic defect of the lower leg with a myocutaneous free flap. PMID- 7135113 TI - Effects of caffeine ingestion on thermoregulatory and myocardial function during endurance performance. AB - The effect of caffeine administration on thermoregulatory and myocardial function during endurance performance was studied. A caffeine solution (250 ml; 5 mg caffeine/kg body weight) ingested 1 hour prior to 2 hours of running by 5 subjects was shown to have no significant effect on sweat loss, water deficit, percentage change in plasma volume, final rectal temperature and serum electrolyte levels, as compared with a similar control group who were given a caffeine-free drink. The rectal temperatures in both groups did, however, reach levels known to be associated with heatstroke despite a recommended regimen of fluid replacement. No pathological electrocardiographic changes occurred in either group. It is therefore concluded that the use of caffeine for ergogenic purposes by young athletes is a relatively safe procedure. PMID- 7135114 TI - The effect of corticosteroid therapy on lysosomal enzymes and protein and lipid metabolism in rabbit lung after administration of Freund's adjuvant. AB - The effect of corticosteroid therapy on the broncho-alveolar cell response, the changes in activity of some lysosomal enzymes and the protein and lipid biosynthesis rates in lung tissue of normal rabbits and of rabbits after induction of an acute inflammation by the intravenous injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) 0,2 ml/kg body weight was investigated. Three intramuscular injections of methylprednisolone acetate (Depo-Medrol) 1,2 mg/kg over a period of 8 days reduced the mean total broncho-alveolar free cell yields significantly. The percentages of lymphocytes and granulocytes were decreased. The increase in the macrophage percentage was associated with a significant increase in the acid phosphatase activity of the broncho-alveolar cells. The beta glucuronidase activity, on the other hand, was lowered in alveolar cells and even significantly suppressed in lung tissue. Protein and lipid biosynthesis was significantly retarded in lung tissue 8 days after the start of therapy. Administration of a single dose of CFA 0,2 ml/kg evoked an acute lung inflammation and a significant increase in total alveolar free cell yields. The macrophage percentage was reduced and the lymphocyte numbers doubled, whereas the granulocyte percentage increased more than sevenfold. The change in the percentage distribution of granulocytes may be associated with the marked increase in beta-glucuronidase activity of the cells as well as of the lung tissue. In the inflammatory phase, protein biosynthesis was significantly increased but lipid synthesis was not affected. Corticosteroid therapy in animals treated with adjuvant reversed all the effects of CFA. It has very pronounced anti-inflammatory action and a catabolic effect on protein and lipid metabolism. PMID- 7135115 TI - The effect of external stimulation on arousal and motor performance in Parkinson's disease. An experimental study. AB - Motor performance in 8 bradykinetic parkinsonian patients and 8 controls matched for age and sex was studied using measurement of the successive reaction time (SRT) with and without an external warning stimulus. The difference between the SRTs with and without warning was used as a measure of arousal. In both groups a warning stimulus reduced the SRT from a peripheral muscle. Motor performance in the control group following external arousal was significantly better than that in the parkinsonian group. These results suggest that parkinsonian bradykinesia is partially caused by an arousal defect of the 'exo-evoked' attentional system of the ascending reticular formation of the brainstem and that a defect in catecholamine turnover in these structures plays an important role in the mechanism of impaired arousal in these patients. PMID- 7135116 TI - Comparisons in the therapeutic management of Black paediatric outpatients by primary health care nurses and doctors. AB - Studies were conducted in 1977 and again in 1980 comparing the knowledge and information escorts of paediatric outpatients had about the child's illness and treatment after completing primary care consultations of various kinds. Primary health care nurses achieved the best communication as judged by answers to a questionnaire administered to the escorts by a social worker. Understanding was greater when patients were seen initially by doctors in the Department of Paediatrics outpatient clinic rather than by doctors in the Soweto polyclinics. Some of the associated factors are discussed. PMID- 7135117 TI - Chronic sclerosing osteomyelitis in a long bone caused by actinomycosis. A case report. PMID- 7135118 TI - Dietary folic acid deficiency leading to megaloblastic anaemia in infancy. A case report. PMID- 7135119 TI - Persistent left superior vena cava complicating haemodynamic monitoring. A case report. PMID- 7135121 TI - Acute respiratory arrest in status asthmaticus. A report of 2 cases. PMID- 7135120 TI - Mollaret's meningitis associated with cerebrospinal fluid leak. AB - Mollaret's meningitis or the benign recurrent meningitis syndrome is a rare disorder not previously described in Africa. The syndrome has a characteristic clinical presentation with spinal fluid pleocytosis, often with unusual 'epithelial' cells. With contemporary techniques no causative organism has been incriminated. The aetiology remains speculative, but we report on a patient found to have a cerebrospinal fluid leak, which may represent a factor in the pathogenesis of this disorder. PMID- 7135122 TI - Progressive supranuclear palsy (Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome). A case report. PMID- 7135123 TI - The effects of benoxaprofen on mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leucocyte motility. PMID- 7135124 TI - The suprapubic approach in the surgical treatment of female stress incontinence. AB - Stress incontinence in women is a frequent and humiliating complaint, the aetiology and pathogenesis of which are not always apparent. Routine investigation followed by standard vaginal or abdominal surgical procedures will cure most uncomplicated cases. However, in complicated cases a more sophisticated pre-operative evaluation and a more versatile surgical approach are indicated in order to restore the changed anatomy and function. PMID- 7135125 TI - Ender nail fixation for intertrochanteric fracture. AB - Fifty patients were treated with Ender nails for intertrochanteric hip fractures. The simplicity of the operative technique, the early bone healing and the low morbidity and mortality rates makes this the most suitable method for patients with stable fractures, and for all critically ill patients. PMID- 7135126 TI - Quantitative selenium-75-cholesterol imaging and computed tomography of the adrenal glands in Conn's syndrome. AB - Six consecutive patients with biochemically proven primary aldosteronism (4 with unilateral aldosteronomas and 2 with bilateral hyperplasia) underwent imaging with 75Se-selenomethyl-nor-cholesterol (Scintadren; Radiochemical Centre, Amersham, UK) and computed tomography (CT) of the adrenal glands to aid in lateralizing unilateral aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA) and to differentiate APA from idiopathic adrenal hyperplasia (IAH). Scintadren quantitative imaging alone was successful in lateralizing the lesion in all 4 cases of unilateral APA; mean uptake by the affected adrenal gland was 0.47% of the administered dose as against 0.23% in the normal gland (P less than 0.01). The mean uptake ratio for the adenomatous as against the normal gland was 2.03 (range 1.75-2.21), which was significantly greater than the uptake ratio of 0.82 in 4 normal individuals (P less than 0.01). CT lateralized all the APAs. In the 2 cases of IAH, Scintadren uptake was bilaterally increased in one case in which CT was normal, whereas in the other case Scintadren uptakes were normal while CT showed two abnormal glands. The overall diagnostic yield for Scintadren was 83%; the figure for CT was also 83%. When the results of Scintadren imaging and CT are pooled, the accuracy in lateralizing APAs and differentiating APA from IAH as a cause of Conn's syndrome is 100%. PMID- 7135127 TI - Rapid resolution of visual field defects and reduction in macroprolactinoma size with bromocriptine therapy. A case report. AB - Therapy for large prolactinomas depends very much on the treatment modalities available at a particular institution. Surgery is often unsuccessful in restoring endocrine function to normal. Previous reports have demonstrated evidence of tumour regression after 3 or more months' therapy with bromocriptine (Parlodel; Sandoz). More recently, objective evidence of rapid reduction in the size of large prolactin-secreting pituitary tumours, in patients who have had no prior therapy, has been reported. We describe a patient presenting with a chiasmal syndrome and amenorrhoea due to a pituitary macro-adenoma with suprasellar extension i whom rapid tumour regrowth to its pre-operative size occurred 3 months after surgery and irradiation. Administration of bromocriptine (up to 7.5 mg/d) resulted in complete resolution of the visual field defects, radiographic evidence of tumour regression and normoprolactinaemia within 12 days of commencing bromocriptine. Further significant tumour size reduction and improved anterior pituitary function were found after another 5 weeks of therapy. PMID- 7135128 TI - [Methylmalonic aciduria. A case report]. AB - A Black girl aged 19 months presented with vomiting, dehydration and severe acidosis without apparent cause. Further investigation revealed urinary excretion of large amounts of methylmalonic acid. The literature on methylmalonic aciduria is briefly reviewed. Seven possible biochemical defects have been described. Our patient did not improve with vitamin B12 therapy but the response after instituting a low-protein diet was excellent. The condition may be life threatening if left untreated. PMID- 7135129 TI - Giant chondromatous hamartoma of the first rib. A case report. AB - Primary rib tumours uncommon in children and their diagnosis and management pose unique problems. The majority of these growths arise from cartilage and are malignant. Chondrosarcoma of varying histological gradations is the common tumour. The distinction between benign and malignant tumours is seldom clear-cut. We describe the presentation, management and pathological features in a child with a gaint chondromatous hamartoma of the first rib. PMID- 7135130 TI - Nerve grafting in paraplegia. PMID- 7135132 TI - Tardive dyskinesia. PMID- 7135133 TI - The risk determination of geriatric problems. AB - Ten geriatric problems which eventually lead to impairment, disability or handicap with progressive deterioration of bodily structure and function are discussed. At the geriatric clinic at Tygerberg Hospital, Parowvallei, CP, 1150 patients were examined to distinguish the low-risk patients with no serious impairment of health from those suffering from disabilities of moderate nature and severe life-threatening handicaps. The increasing number of geriatric patients attending the clinic and the associated administrative problems have made this study necessary. PMID- 7135131 TI - Pulmonary fibrosis following long-term nitrofurantoin therapy. PMID- 7135135 TI - Chloroquine-induced pigmentation. Case reports. PMID- 7135134 TI - The effect of paraquat on the incorporation of radiolabelled proline into acid extractable lung proteins and collagens. AB - In this comparative study we describe the influence of paraquat on the rate of L 2,3-3H-proline incorporation into the acid-extractable proteins and into newly synthesized protropocollagen molecules from the lungs of rats and rabbits. Exposure to paraquat took two forms: (a) addition of paraquat in vitro to lung tissue taken from rats and rabbits, and (b) intraperitoneal injection of paraquat prior to death. Paraquat (0,5 - 1,0 mM) added in vitro significantly slowed the rates of 3H-proline incorporation into the acid-extractable proteins and into newly synthesized protropocollagen in both rat and rabbit lung tissue. Paraquat administered intraperitoneally (27 mg/kg) to rabbits did not markedly influence the rate of 3H-proline incorporation into acid-extractable proteins and collagen assessed in vitro 24, 48 and 96 hours after injection. Paraquat injected intraperitoneally into rats induced no significant difference in synthesis rates of acid-soluble proteins up to 48 hours after injection. During the same period, the collagen synthesis rate of rat lung tissue was reduced. At 96 hours an increase was found when the rate of synthesis was expressed as cpm/mg DNA and as cpm/microgram hydroxyproline. PMID- 7135136 TI - Fungating Bowen's disease with presumed arsenic intoxication. A case report. AB - A patient with a bizarre fungating tumour of the anterior abdominal wall is described. The lesion had the histological features of Bowen's disease and also had the appearance of a basal cell carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation. In addition, the patient had 'raindrop' pigmentation typical of chronic arsenic intoxication. As far as we know, Bowen's disease has once previously been reported in a Black patient in South Africa. We have not encountered any other description in the literature of Bowen's disease presenting as a fungating tumour. PMID- 7135137 TI - The normal foreskin in the young child. PMID- 7135138 TI - Paralysis of ocular divergence--a sign of raised intracranial pressure. PMID- 7135139 TI - Determination of the mode of transmission of cholera in Lebowa. An epidemiological investigation. AB - In early November 1981 an epidemic of cholera broke out in the Mokerong district of Lebowa. A large proportion of patients originated from the village of Moletlane. A matched-pair case-control study was conducted in the village at the height of the epidemic (18-24 November), and the investigation revealed that the consumption of water from the Gumpies River was significantly more common among cholera patients than among matched controls. The drinking of water sold by water vendors was also positively associated with an increased risk of contracting cholera. PMID- 7135140 TI - Communication in genetic counselling. AB - The importance of genetic counselling is being emphasized to an increasing degree, especially in view of advancements in the field of prenatal diagnosis and in methods of practical primary prevention. Genetic counselling is a process allowing specific information to be made available to clients in a specific manner. It only recently became apparent that knowledge about the process of the transmission of information in genetic counselling was inadequate and that re evaluation was necessary. In genetic counselling communication is characterized by a distinctive type of psychodynamics in which philosophical, ethical and social factors and interrelations feature. An outline of the components of the communication process is provided. A model for the genetic counsellor's role in the comprehensive genetics team is suggested, and problem areas in the communication process are discussed. PMID- 7135141 TI - Duchenne's muscular dystrophy in six siblings. The case for early diagnosis and neonatal screening. AB - Six brothers aged from 15 months to 13 years with confirmed Duchenne's muscular dystrophy are described. The serum creatine kinase levels ranged from 2420 IU/I in the youngest boy to 769 IU/I in the eldest. The diagnosis of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy was only made when the eldest boy was 13 years old, despite the fact that his parents had sought medical advice when he was 5. The importance of early diagnosis, detection of carriers and neonatal screening is discussed in relation to the prevention of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. PMID- 7135142 TI - Subacute cor pulmonale in hypersensitivity pneumonitis. A case report. AB - A 37-year-old non-smoking woman exposed to avian antigens developed progressive respiratory symptoms over several months, culminating in cor pulmonale. Transient nodular shadowing was noted on the chest radiograph, and pulmonary function tests showed a predominantly obstructive pattern. Elimination of antigenic exposure and treatment with diuretics and subsequently corticosteroids resulted in marked but incomplete improvement. PMID- 7135143 TI - The effects of naftifine on the ultrastructure of Candida parapsilosis: a freeze fracture study. AB - Naftifine, a new antimycotic drug, was found to induce dose-dependent ultrastructural changes in C. parapsilosis. Increased accumulation of lipid particles in the cytoplasm, thickening of the cell wall and alterations of the plasma membrane by vesicular structures were the most obvious findings. Vesicular inclusions have also been observed in the cell wall. These changes caused a progressive destruction of the cell architecture which is presumed to result from interaction of naftifine with fungal sterol biosynthesis. PMID- 7135145 TI - Mortality by sickening of the breathing organs as per international statistic data. PMID- 7135144 TI - Murine model of pulmonary mucormycosis in cortisone-treated mice. AB - Intranasal inoculation of Rhizomucor pusillus sporangiospores into cortisone treated mice produced pulmonary and disseminated mucormycosis (phycomycosis). Evidence for infection in cortisone treated mice was obtained by recovery of Rh. pusillus from homogenates of tissue. Confirmation of infection was shown histologically. The 50% infectious dose was 2.4 x 10(2) colony forming units for lung infections and 2.7 x 10(5) colony forming units for brain infections. No evidence of sporangiospore germination was found in tissues of non-cortisone treated mice although sporangiospores were found throughout pulmonary tissues. In infected tissues of cortisone-treated mice, hyphae were covered with leukocytes and tissue necrosis was extensive. PMID- 7135146 TI - An investigation on the health condition of rural residents over sixty as related to some socio-hygienic aspects of their living standards. PMID- 7135147 TI - [Research on home and leisure time accidents of workers resulting in disability]. PMID- 7135148 TI - Brief analysis on occupational health in Cuba. PMID- 7135149 TI - The main guidelines for the improvement of the health care system in Ukrainian SSR. PMID- 7135150 TI - Criteria of estimating environment and its influence on the human body. PMID- 7135151 TI - Problems of organization and complex technical endowment of the curative prophylactic institutions using various types of computers, within the action of population's general dispensary follow-up. PMID- 7135152 TI - Distribution of family income: improved estimates. AB - This article describes the results of research to improve estimates of the distribution of family income. In this research, a microdata file was constructed for 1972 using several data sources. The data obtained from these sources were combined and adjusted to produce more precise estimates. Current Population Survey estimates were then evaluated using these improved estimates. Using the improved estimates increased 1972 mean income for all units by 11 percent. The income share of the top 5 percent of the distribution increased substantially. Property income increased and wage and salary income decreased in relative importance. The mean income of family units headed by persons aged 65 or older increased by about 40 percent, by far the largest rise for any group examined; the increase was far lower for low-income family units in that age group. A simple update of mean incomes to 1979 showed no substantial changes from the 1972 pattern of adjustments. PMID- 7135153 TI - Alteration of ethanol-induced sleep latency by physostigmine in animals. AB - One of the presumed effects of ethanol is the suppression of acetylcholine release at presynaptic sites. If these neuronal effects are associated with CNS depression, then administration of a cholinesterase inhibitor (physostigmine) with ethanol should result in antagonism of this CNS depression. In the present study electrophysiological measures of sleep were used to assess the degree of CNS depression in response to ethanol alone (2.0 g/kg), physostigmine (1.0 mg/kg) alone, and the combination of both drugs administered together. These results were evaluated with respect to a saline control. Our findings indicate an antagonism between ethanol and physostigmine; the shortened sleep latency observed in animals receiving ethanol was reversed to control levels with administration of physostigmine. PMID- 7135154 TI - Mechanism of alcohol sensitivity and disulfiram-ethanol reaction. AB - Human aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) consists of two main isozymes with low and high Km for aldehyde. ALDH isozymes in hair sheats were tested from 40 Japanese using isoelectric focusing and blood acetaldehyde determination with gas chromatography. About 43% of Japanese, who lacked the low Km enzyme (ALDH I) showed an elevated acetaldehyde concentration due to their inability to metabolize acetaldehyde quickly and effectively. Studies regarding the inhibitory reaction of disulfiram and its metabolites have been performed. Among the metabolites, diethylamine inhibited the low Km enzyme strongly. It is presumed that vasomotor symptoms and high acetaldehyde concentration in blood after alcohol intake in patients who are treated with disulfiram might be mainly due to a decrease in activity of the low Km enzyme caused by diethylamine which is produced in vivo as one of the metabolites from disulfiram, rather than to an inhibitory reaction of disulfiram only. Thus, alcohol sensitivity in Mongoloids and disulfiram-ethanol reaction may have a common mechanism. PMID- 7135155 TI - Estimation of phencyclidine in leafy mixtures and in vapor phase after smoking. AB - Five street samples of leafy material coated with phencyclidine (PCP) were analyzed by a gas chromatographic nitrogen detection assay. The samples contained 15.6+1.8% PCP by weight or 32.2+ 13.8 mg PCP per "joint". An aliquot of a joint was smoked with a laboratory apparatus and the vaporized PCP was collected on a filter. Only 22.6+8.0% of the PCP or 6.7+2.1 mg PCP, reached the filter. This amount is in an approximation of the dose of PCP which becomes available to the oral and pulmonary mucosa following the smoking of a single PCP coated joint. PMID- 7135156 TI - Free amino acids in the brain of ethanol treated rats. AB - Both acute and chronic ethanol administration to rats produce changes in free amino acids involved in nervous system function. Glutamic and aspartic acid levels are especially increased. Chronic ethanol treatment produces in addition an increase in GABA and a decrease in glutamine level. Taurine and glycine were not affected by ethanol. These variations may be explained by changes in transport phenomena and in the redox balance. They seem to correlate with the behavioural effects of acute and chronic alcohol intoxication. Tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophan which are related to serotonin and catecholamines formation, were found to be decreased by acute and short chronic ethanol administration. PMID- 7135158 TI - FeCl3/HCl/KI versatile wide application reagent. AB - The multiplicity of the interaction products of FeCl3 and KI are adequate to detect drugs bearing a nitrogen group, bases, imides, purines, in particular. To take advantage of the chemical ability of the two constituents of the reagent singularly they are applied to the plate in sequence. FeCl3 will act as a positive ion Fe+3 and it will chealate, oxidate, and produce salts. KI by reacting with FeCl3 will produce a new chemical specie, for example, Fe(Cl3I3)6( 3), Werner complexes, and production of elemental iodine that further interacts with KI and drugs facilitating detection with adequate sensitivity and for practical use. PMID- 7135157 TI - Hyperbaric ethanol antagonism in mice: time course. AB - C57BL/6J mice were injected intraperitoneally with 3.6 g/kg ethanol and exposed to 1 ATA air or to 1 or 12 ATA helium-oxygen immediately, 5, 10 or 20 minutes after injection. Immediate and delayed hyperbaric exposure produced similar significant reductions in sleep-times and increases in wake-up brain ethanol concentrations. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of delayed hyperbaric treatment in reducing ethanol sleep-time and eliminate decreased absorption and altered distribution as critical factors mediating the antagonism. The results are consistent with current theories of anesthesia and support a direct mechanism involving brain cellular membranes. PMID- 7135159 TI - Barbiturate chemistry: separation TLC identification and mechanism of reaction. AB - Thin layer chromatography and chemical detection procedures for barbiturates are described and the reaction mechanism introduced. We show that by this technique barbiturates can be characterized as long, intermediate, short, and very short acting, with a few exceptions, by Rf value and by the typical spot color hue. The factors involved and chemical requirements for color are mentioned, e.g. 1. Behavior in organic solvents 2. Silica Gel polarity and pH 3. Functional groups responsible for interaction with the reagent 4. pH and chemicals of the color developer 5. Mechanism of reaction. PMID- 7135160 TI - Norepinephrine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and choline reuptake kinetics and the effects of ethanol in long-sleep and short-sleep mice. AB - The reuptake characteristics of norepinephrine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and choline were investigated in the long-sleep (LS) and short-sleep (SS) mouse lines. Kinetic analysis revealed no significant differences between lines in affinity (Km) or maximal velocity (Vmax) for norepinephrine and GABA measured in cortex and cerebellum or for choline measured in striatum and cortex. In vitro ethanol dose-response curves (0-1.7 M) for these neurotransmitters showed highly significant inhibition of reuptake except for reuptake of choline in cortex. All responses to ethanol were identical in both lines of mice. The magnitude of GABA reuptake inhibition was greater in cortex than in cerebellum. On the other hand, choline reuptake was very sensitive to ethanol in striatum, but was unaffected in cortex. These data suggest some regional specificity in ethanol's solubility. Inhibition of reuptake by ethanol concentrations greater than 0.86 M was determined to be irreversible and not due to hypertonic lysis. Our data are in complete agreement with previously published studies which suggest that ethanol inhibits neurotransmitter reuptake. However, since the LS and SS mice were selected for differential sensitivity to ethanol, and since we found no differences between lines in kinetic parameters or acute responses to in vitro ethanol, it appears that inhibition of neurotransmitter reuptake is not involved in the depressant effects of ethanol. PMID- 7135161 TI - The BrdU content of DNA is decreased during reversal of inhibition of myogenesis by deoxycytidine. AB - The mechanism by which 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) inhibits cell differentiation is unresolved. The ability of deoxycytidine to reverse the inhibition of myogenesis produced by BrdU has been cited as evidence that the inhibition is not a direct result of the incorporation of BrdU into cellular DNA. In contrast to previous work, the present study demonstrates a direct correlation between the effects of deoxycytidine on myogenic cells and a reduction in the substitution of BrdU for thymidine in the DNA. Further-more, the reversal occurs at the same degree of BrdU substitution (20-30%) as is required to inhibit myogenesis when cells are grown in BrdU alone or with deoxycytidine in a medium that prevents the conversion of deoxycytidine to thymidine. The effects of deoxycytidine thus do not support a mechanism of action of BrdU in myogenic cells independent of its effects on DNA. PMID- 7135162 TI - Characterization of dominant hamster cell mutants resistant to oxygenated sterols. AB - Stable mutants of Dede and CHO cells, resistant to suppression of cholesterogenesis by oxygenated sterols, have been isolated in a single step. Luria-Delbruck fluctuation analysis indicated a random occurrence of resistant at a rate of 1 x 10(-7) mutations/cell/generation. Cholesterol biosynthesis, 3 hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity, and growth of the mutant cells were coordinately resistant to oxygenated sterols in the culture medium, and this resistance was expressed as a dominant trait in somatic cell hybrids of the wild-type and mutant cells. The dominant resistance was employed in the selection of various cells hybrids. There was complete additivity of reductase activities in mixed lysates of inhibited wild-type and uninhibited mutant cells, indicating that cytosolic (in)activation factors were not causative of this resistance. We suggest that oxygenated sterols are (co)repressors in suppression of the synthesis of the reductase and that the resistance mutant phenotypes result from altered regulatory loci. PMID- 7135163 TI - Aedes albopictus cells resistant to adenosine because of a defect in nucleoside transport. AB - By growing Aedes albopictus mosquito cells in media containing increasing concentrations of adenosine and subsequently plating low numbers of cells in the presence of EHNA (an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase), three clones were obtained which were resistant to adenosine. The adenosine-resistant clones contained level of adenosine and thymidine kinase similar to those in the parental cells, but were unable to incorporate labeled nucleotides (adenosine, uridine, thymidine, or guanosine) into TCA-precipitable material. The inability to incorporate nucleosides was also reflected in an enhanced resistance to several nucleoside analogs such as 5-fluorodeoxyuridine and tubercidin but not to the unribosylated base, 5-fluorouracil. Direct measurements over short time intervals indicated that the primary defect in these cells was at the level of nucleoside transport. PMID- 7135164 TI - Analysis of early antigenic changes on heterokaryons between L-cells and a teratocarcinoma-derived cell line, TerC. AB - A method is presented for the detection of antigenic changes in heterokaryons during the first 24 h after fusion, as detected by antibody- and complement mediated inhibition of 125IDU uptake. The method employs a variation of the HAT selection protocol, and a mathematical model which allows the reactions of a minority population of heterokaryons to be distinguished from those of the parental cells. This procedure is applied to fusions of clones of the teratocarcinoma-derived cell line TerC, which demonstrate very low levels of H-2b expression, with an L-cell derivative rich in H-2k antigens. Heterokaryons demonstrate an initial tendency for levels of H-2b and H-2k expression to converge, beginning within a few hours of fusion; however, H-2b expression never attains the levels of H-2k, even in long-term hybrids. These results are largely confirmed by quantitative absorptions, except that no diminution of H-2k expression is observed, suggesting that fusion with the TerC parents may transfer a resistance to complement damage to the L-cell parent. PMID- 7135165 TI - Dominant allele-specific regulation of expression of H-2Kk gene products revealed by somatic cell hybridization. AB - A study has been made of the H-2 profiles of the AKR thymoma K36 and two series of somatic cell hybrids derived from it. Despite expressing good amounts of the H 2Dk product, the H-2Kk antigen was barely detectable in this tumor, approximately only 1% of that expressed by a comparable AKR lymphoma, 339. The isoelectric focusing profile of the H-2kk product immunoprecipitated from K36 was found to be identical to that from normal AKR lymphocytes. The phenotype of K36 therefore results from regulatory constraints. Fusion of K36 with normal K-2k lymphocytes resulted in hybrids expressing the H-2Kk product. Fusion of K36 with normal H-2b lymphocytes resulted in good expression of the H-2Dk and H-2Db alleles in addition to good expression of the H-2Kb products. The expression of the H-2Kk antigen remained marginal. The data suggest a suppressive mechanism which is trans-acting and dominant and specific for the H-2Kk allele. PMID- 7135166 TI - Isolation of Chinese hamster ovary cells with reduced unscheduled DNA synthesis after UV irradiation. AB - A simple procedure has been worked out to obtain UV-sensitive mutants of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. In this procedure, conventional mutagenesis is followed by BrdU--light treatment to enrich the population for UV-sensitive cells. Colonies that are allowed to form subsequently are duplicated by replica plating and screened on the master plate for their UV sensitivity and their capacity to carry out UV-induced DNA repair synthesis. Putative mutants are isolated from the replica. With this combination of methods, we succeeded in isolating CHO mutants with an 85-95% reduced level of UV-induced DNA synthesis in combination with an increased UV sensitivity. PMID- 7135167 TI - Mutagen treatment of single Chinese hamster ovary cells produces colonies mosaic for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. AB - When populations of single Chinesee hamster ovary (CHO) cells were exposed to the mutagen ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS), allowed to grow into colonies, and stained for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity, two types of unstained colonies were observed at a frequency of about on per thousand stained colonies. These negative-staining colonies consisted of (1) colonies uniformly deficient in staining activity (pure); and (2) colonies containing both stained and unstained sectors (mosaic) in various relative sizes and patterns. Unstained cells isolated from mosaic colonies were genetically stable and had significantly reduced or absent G6PD activity. Random cell aggregation or chromosome segregation from tetraploid cells is not a significant cause of the sectoring phenomenon. Also, mosaic colonies are not principally caused by mutation at one of two replicated G6PD genes and their subsequent segregation during division. The simplest explanation for this phenomenon is that EMS induces a mutational change in one of the two DNA strands and DNA replication then produces normal and mutant double stranded DNAs which segregate into wild-type and G6PD-deficient cell types, producing a mosaic colony. PMID- 7135169 TI - The effect of general and epidural anesthesia upon neonatal Apgar scores in repeat cesarean section. AB - One-hundred and ninety-five elective cesarean deliveries were studied to determine the effects of general and epidural anesthesia upon the neonatal condition, as reflected by the one and five minute Apgar scores. Ninety were performed under general anesthesia, 0.5 per cent halothane, 50 per cent nitrous oxide and 50 per cent oxygen; 105 used the epidural technique, 3 per cent chloroprocaine plus 0.75 per cent bupivacaine. All patients were tilted to the left during operation. No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of mean Apgar scores at one and five minutes, p less than 0.1. Neither was a significant difference noted in terms of depressed infants, Apgar score less than 7, at one or five minutes, p greater than 0.1. More significantly, no correlation was noted between the duration of anesthesia and the Apgar scores in either group, p greater than 0.1. Specifically, no significant increase was found in depressed infants in the prolonged, greater than or equal to 15 minutes, incision to delivery group, p greater than 0.05. These data seem to suggest that the use of general anesthesia, in the technique described, yields infants with Apgar scores as good as those of infants delivered under regional block anesthesia and that prolonged duration of general anesthesia is not associated with a depression of the Apgar scores. PMID- 7135168 TI - Genetic analysis of tumorigenesis: X. Chromosome studies of transformed mutants and tumor-derived CHEF/18 cells. AB - Chinese hamster embryo fibroblast cell line CHEF/18 is stably diploid, anchorage dependent, has a high serum requirement, and a does not form tumors in nude mice. The chromosome constitutions of spontaneous and chemically induced anchorage independent and/or low-serum CHEF/18 mutants and tumors produced in nude mice by some of these mutants are compared. We find a correlation between diploidy and nontumorigenicity among the anchorage-independent mutants but not in the low serum mutants. One of the four spontaneous and six of the 15 chemically induced anchorage mutants have remained diploid. The remaining 12 mutants are pseudodiploid or aneuploid, and seven of them contain changes in chromosome 1, either a translocation or a deletion involving breakage at the same position (1q11-12). Each of the tumors induced by six mutants has a unique pattern of rearrangements; however five of the six have changes involving chromosome 3. This chromosome was also frequency rearranged in tumor-derived cells previously investigated. PMID- 7135170 TI - Pressure studies on the continent reservoir ileostomy. AB - The continent Koch ileostomy constitutes a major improvement in the quality of life for patients requiring an ileostomy. Complete continence is achieved in most patients, although the mechanisms underlying this control of fecal flow are poorly understood. Pressure studies on the pouch, the nipple valve and the outlet were preformed and results showed the presence of a high pressure zone in the nipple valve relative to the pouch. The high pressure zone maintained, even when the intra-abdominal pressure was raised or during contractions of the pouch, and most likely, contributes to continence. The pressure in the nipple valve and outlet was further intermittently increased by spontaneously occurring phasic and tonic contractions. Distention of the pouch with air caused a tonic contraction that was first recorded from the pouch and that traveled aborally along the intestinal layers of the intususcepted nipple valve and the outlet. By frequent emptying of the pouch, such contractions are avoided, and the risk of desusception of the nipple valve may be reduced. PMID- 7135171 TI - Drains and antibiotics perioperatively for elective cholecystectomy. AB - In a review of 512 patients having elective cholecystectomies without choledochotomy, patients having drainage of the gallbladder bed were found to have longer postoperative hospital stays, higher incidences of fever postoperatively and both wound infections and postoperative complications than those patients not having such drainage. The use of antibiotics perioperatively and gallbladder bed closure did not alter these outcomes. We conclude that the routine use of drainage and prophylactic antibiotics in elective cholecystectomy not only is unnecessary but also may be harmful. PMID- 7135172 TI - Surgical treatment of carcinoma of the vulva. AB - In a prospective study, 169 patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva were treated by radical surgery. One hundred patients, without palpable inguinal lymph nodes, had a vulvectomy only, and the remaining 69 underwent vulvectomy in combination with groin dissection. Different prognostic factors were analyzed, and the results of radical surgery were evaluated. It was found that a small, exophytic, microscopically well differentiated tumor confined to one anatomic area will carry the best prognosis. Conversely, a patient with a large, endophytic, poorly differentiated tumor with inguinal lymph node metastasis will have the least favorable outcome. If there is metastatic spread to the deep inguinal node, Rosenmuller, the prognosis is quite bad. The crude five year survival rate was 56 per cent and the corrected survival ate was 65 per cent. Eleven patients died of early complications, seven of pulmonary embolism. It was concluded that radical surgery gives the best cure rate. It is suggested that operation for invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva in all patients should consist of vulvectomy with primary skin grafting and bilateral superficial inguinal gland excision en bloc. PMID- 7135173 TI - Transcutaneous drainage of abscesses of the liver guided by computed tomography scan. AB - Six instances of pyogenic abscess of the liver, diagnosed and localized by computed tomography scan, showed dramatic improvement after treatment by needle aspiration and antibiotics or precutaneous continuous aspiration and antibiotics. An intercostal trocar drain, 18F, was used to obtain optimal drainage also of viscous purulent material and debris. After drainage was begun, improvement was rapid and without complication or mortality. We have collected from the literature 59 patients with abscesses of the liver treated by the same methods with a surprisingly low mortality, 1.5 per cent. It seems that the continuous percutaneous drainage of the pyogenic abscess of the liver, guided by computed tomography scan or ultrasonography, may be the method of choice and that open surgical drainage should be limited to special instances. PMID- 7135174 TI - Beneficial effect of ethamsylate on the relative blood flow of the pancreas in acute canine necrotizing pancreatitis. AB - The beneficial effect of ethamsylate in maintaining the relative pancreatic blood flow in acute canine necrotizing pancreatitis has been demonstrated. This beneficial effect is a function of the action of the drug in tending to maintain pancreatic blood flow, thereby minimizing the significant decrease which normally occurs in this parameter in acute necrotizing pancreatitis. The exact mechanism of action of the drug is unclear. Concurrent measurements of oxygen consumption by the pancreas show an apparent beneficial trend in the ethamsylate-treated group, although this was not proved to be statistically significant. PMID- 7135175 TI - A prospective randomized study of recurrent choledocholithiasis. AB - To assess the value of choledochoduodenostomy versus sphincteroplasty and T-tube drainage for the treatment of recurrent choldocholithiasis, 120 patients with this condition who underwent, through a randomized process, choledochoduodenostomy, group A, 40 patients; sphincteroplasty, group B, 40 patients, are presented in this study. Results revealed that, in the patients of group A, no death occurred, and that the low early morbidity rate was 10 per cent with a shorter hospital stay. Also, no patients underwent further operation for reasons related to the disease or the operation. In contrast, with regard to the patients in group B, the mortality was 5 per cent; the early morbidity rate, 25 per cent, and the late reoperation rate, 12.5 per cent. Similarly, for the patients in group C, the mortality was 2.5 per cent; the early morbidity rate, 30 per cent, and the reoperation rate, 22.5 per cent. These differences in mortality, early morbidity and reoperation rates between the patients in group A and those in group B and C are significant, p less than 0.001. From our results, choledochoduodenostomy is recommended for patients having clinical and operative findings which were used as criteria for eligibility in the present study. PMID- 7135176 TI - Routine angiography following partial hepatectomy in patients with malignant lesions of the liver. AB - Postoperatively, celiac and superior mesenteric angiography was performed upon 17 consecutive patients with malignant lesions of the liver who had undergone partial hepatectomy. Residual or recurrent tumors were detected in six patients. The causes of residual tumors were classified into four patterns; multiple dissemination probably by surgical manipulation, residual tumor at the site of the resectioned stump, erroneous diagnosis preoperatively due to the uptake of contrast material by the major tumor and metachronous occurrence of tumors. Rational treatments for these tumors were proposed. In addition, vascular patterns of the regenerating liver were evaluated in the remaining 11 patients. Stretching and elongation of not only the hepatic artery but also the portal vein in the hepatic remnant were constant findings. The differentiation of residual tumors from regenerating nodules was also discussed. PMID- 7135177 TI - Splenomegaly without an apparent cause. AB - Twenty-eight patients undergoing splenectomy for splenomegaly of unclear causation are presented. The cause of splenomegaly was determined at splenectomy in seven patients, none of whom had lymphoma. In three additional patients, disease associated with splenomegaly developed in the follow-up period after splenectomy. During the entire follow-up period, only one instance of lymphoma has developed. Especially in young patients who have a history of recent infection, a delay in performing splenectomy for splenomegaly is indicated. PMID- 7135178 TI - Varying frequency of acute appendicitis in different phases of the menstrual cycle. AB - From the results of this study, it can be concluded that a difference is noted in the frequency of acute appendicitis and the number of appendectomies performed in different phases of the menstrual cycle. Therefore, the female sex hormones might play an important role in the cause of acute appendicitis. This is further supported by the lower sex specific incidence of acute appendicitis for women in the second, third and fourth decades of life. PMID- 7135179 TI - A clinical and an experimental study of suture sinuses in abdominal wounds. AB - A retrospective clinical study of suture sinuses in abdominal wounds has been undertaken with a review of the hospital records of 30 patients. Twenty-six of the 31 suture sinuses reviewed were associated with monofilament suture material, and a knot of this type of material was removed from 15 sinuses. It is suggested that optimal management requires exploration of a suture sinus done under general anesthesia and secondary intention healing of the resulting wound. The importance of the knot of monofilament material in the causation of suture sinuses, suggested by the results of clinical study, was investigated in an experimental study. However, the studies failed to demonstrate that a knot of suture material provides the nidus of infection from which a wound sinus may develop. PMID- 7135180 TI - Inherent complications of Hartmann's operation. AB - A series of 67 patients treated by Hartmann's operation was studied, special attention being given to complications originating from the rectal stump. In 13 patients, complications--abscesses of the rectal stump and fistulas from the rectal stump to the small intestine--were seen. Eight of those occurred in patients with leakage at the anastomotic site after anterior resection and in patients with radionecrosis of the rectum. It is concluded that the risk of rectal stump complications is slight in patients with diverticulitis and with carcinoma, who made up the large majority of those in whom Hartmann's operation may be needed. PMID- 7135181 TI - Temporary saphenous vein arteriovenous shunt in femoropopliteal arterial bypass. PMID- 7135182 TI - Axillary thoracotomy. AB - Between 1978 and 1981, we have used a vertical axillary thoracotomy in 106 patients for 109 operations. The approach provides a fast and easy entrance into the thoracic cavity. Exposure was adequate. The procedure was well tolerated, even by patients with respiratory compromise, and morbidity was minimal. This approach is recommended as an alternative to the formal posterolateral thoracotomy and anterior mediastinotomy in selected patients. PMID- 7135183 TI - Brachial basilic fistula disconnection and brachial basilic loop graft interposition. PMID- 7135185 TI - Simultaneous correction of stenoses at the origins of the superficial femoral and deep femoral arteries. PMID- 7135184 TI - Omental pouch technique for reimplantation of the spleen. PMID- 7135186 TI - Vasectomy: "the most unkindest cut of all"? PMID- 7135188 TI - Metrizamide myelography. PMID- 7135187 TI - Epidermoid carcinoma of the anus. PMID- 7135189 TI - Arteriovenous shunts between dural branches of the carotid artery and the cavernous sinus. AB - Three cases with dural arteriovenous shunts of the cavernous sinus are reported. The clinical signs usually were mild and included frontal headache, dilated conjunctival veins, exophthalmos, bruit, and oculomotor nerve palsy. Arterial contributions to the fistulae arose from meningeal branches of the internal and external carotid arteries. The precise diagnosis was made by selective angiography supplemented by subtraction and magnification techniques. The distal occlusion of the feeding arteries close to the shunt offers advantages when compared with conventional vessel ligation because of a more effective exclusion of vascular abnormalities from the circulation. PMID- 7135190 TI - A growth-hormone--producing pituitary adenoma and an internal carotid artery aneurysm. AB - The case of a growth-hormone-producing pituitary adenoma which was in direct contact with a right internal carotid, medial-type aneurysm is reported. Direct clipping of the aneurysm and subcapsular removal of the adenoma were performed through a right frontotemporal craniotomy. The rarity of this direct contact and the cause of formation and enlargement of the aneurysm are discussed. The importance of angiography in cases of pituitary adenoma is stressed. PMID- 7135191 TI - Long-term evaluation of cerebral blood flow, transient ischemic attacks, and stroke after STA-MCA anastomosis. AB - A group of 107 consecutive patients with patent extracranial-intracranial bypasses were followed an average of 25.2 months to determine the long-term results on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), and stroke incidence. Average mean rCBF initially rose to 110% at 1 week, then gradually fell to 105% at 6 months, and 85% at 2 years. Maximum increase in cerebral blood flow occurred in patients with middle cerebral artery stenosis or those in the preoperative low flow group, i.e., less than 50 ml/100 gm/min. In the group with TIAs plus mild stroke, the mean rCBF rose to 122% at 1 week, compared to the group with TIAs only who showed a mean increase to 107% at one week. Clinical improvement was excellent or good in 82% of those with TIAs only; in those with TIAs plus mild stroke, 77% had excellent or good relief of TIAs; and in those with mild stroke only, 70% recovered from their neurological deficits. In the 25.2 months of average follow-up, stroke occurred in only 1 patient on the side of the anastomosis, and in 2 patients on the side opposite the anastomosis, giving an average stroke incidence of 1.5% per year. PMID- 7135192 TI - Management of spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistulae. AB - Fifteen cases of spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistulae, including 4 patients with spontaneous cure and 8 treated with electrothrombosis, are reviewed. Careful angiographic observation will verify closure of the fistula. Aggravation of visual and/or ocular symptoms can also develop with spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistulae. Recurrence of symptoms and development of collaterals were noted, especially after carotid ligation or embolization of the external carotid artery. Electrothrombosis successfully closed the fistulae in 7 patients. The internal carotid artery was occluded in 1 patient who had a preoperative carotid stenosis at the cervical level. The ability to differentiate angiographically between single and multiple fistulae provides a new possibility that spontaneous carotid cavernous fistulae can be treated with detachable balloon catheters. PMID- 7135193 TI - Use of ultrasonically guided probes and catheters in neurosurgery. AB - The utility of two-dimensional, real-time intraoperative ultrasound sector scanning for purposes of tumor localization, tumor biopsy, cyst drainage, and placement of ventricular shunt catheters in 13 patients is demonstrated. The technique allows the neurosurgeon to assess the progress of the procedure as it happens. The surgeon can observe biopsy probes entering tumors, thus confirming the location of the tissue sample. Shunt catheters can be easily guided into optimal positions for drainage. The technique is simple and safe, and could become a valuable aid in certain types of neurosurgical operations. PMID- 7135194 TI - Neurosurgical residency training programs. PMID- 7135195 TI - The demonstration and significance of neural compression after spinal injury. AB - Standard metrizamide myeLography and CT myelography can accurately and safely define neural compression after a spinal injury. A lateral C1-C2 spinal puncture and a radiolucent fracture board reduce movement of the spine, and by injecting metrizamide in an isotonic concentration and by limiting the amount of contrast above a block, the risk of seizure is minimized. This capability for directly determining neural compression has important implications for the treatment of spinal fractures, and the significance of persisting posttraumatic neural compression is discussed. We believe neural compression should be the primary indication for surgical decompression after spinal injury and that evaluation for it should now be a standard part of the examination of patients with spinal fractures with potential for neurological recovery. PMID- 7135196 TI - Arteriovenous malformation of the spinal cord and cauda equina fed by branches of the internal iliac artery and associated with vertebral hemangiomas. AB - A rare case of an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the spinal cord is presented. The patient was a 35-year-old man who experienced progressive paraparesis and rectovesical disturbances. In this patient a spinal AVM was fed by branches of the left internal iliac artery and was associated with a sacral hemangioma. An additional hemangioma of the third lumbar vertebral body was also found. On reviewing the literature, only 4 cases, including ours, of spinal AVM with feeding vessels originating from the internal iliac artery were found. One of these patients had an associated vertebral hemangioma. PMID- 7135198 TI - Office personnel and medicolegal claims. AB - In the current litigious milieu much can be done by office personnel to forestall the occurrence of a claim or to diminish the probability of the plaintiff succeeding if it should occur. Among the important factors are a friendly, courteous attitude, no matter how trying the circumstances, and proper training of the personnel in handling of emergencies, failures or cancellations of appointments, requests for refills of prescriptions, malfunctioning of equipment, and confrontation with attorneys. PMID- 7135197 TI - Sugarplum fairies. Visual hallucinations. PMID- 7135199 TI - Vertical prisms. How to avoid them. AB - Prescribing vertical prisms not infrequently leads to unsightly spectacles at best, and computing them may lead to errors at worst. Prismatic compensation for a particular reading point is of little value when the patient uses other eccentric portions of the lens, and it is not necessary if the patient learns to use (or continues to use) the optical centers. Clinical evaluation of eye-head posture and vertical phorias may reveal tell-tale clues in managing vertical imbalances in general and the anisometropic presbyope in particular. PMID- 7135200 TI - In vitro studies of parathyroid hormone release: effect of cimetidine. AB - We studied parathyroid hormone (PTH) release from cell suspensions of fresh and cryopreserved human parathyroid tissue. A sensitive PTH assay with midregion specificity and adaptation of "micro" methods of cell plating permitted conservation of tissue (200 microliters aliquots) and high reproducibility (5 to 10 aliquots per experimental condition). Viability of cells in suspension was confirmed by increased PTH release with increased incubation, increased incorporation of tritiated leucine with increased incubation, and incorporation of tritiated leucine following experimental incubation. Because of conflicting reports regarding the in vivo effect of cimetidine on PTH release, we incubated cells from both adenomatous and hyperplastic glands at 0, 10(-4)M, 10(-5)M, and 10(-6)M cimetidine (10(-5)M is therapeutic) and at 0.25, 1 to 1.2, and 2 mM Ca++. Despite occasional statistically significant (P = 0.05) differences in PTH release with and without cimetidine, therapeutic levels of cimetidine had no consistent effect on PTH release from pathologic parathyroid tissue in vitro. PMID- 7135201 TI - Parathyroid adenolipoma: clinical and morphologic features. AB - Adenolipoma--or parathyroid hamartoma--has been described s a very rare lesion of the parathyroid gland, often unassociated with clinical hyperparathyroidism. A few reported cases in which the diagnosis was discovered pathologically following parathyroid resection for hyperparathyroidism have been called unique. In a 2 year period the diagnosis of parathyroid adenolipoma was made in three instances, with each clinical presentation consistent with primary hyperparathyroidism. In the first patient, a 64-year old man reporting to an emergency department for treatment of migraine headache, a prolonged history of unrecognized hypercalcemia was discovered, and he underwent cervical exploration. At operation, a 105 by 2.0 cm tumor weighing 17.5 gm was encountered. The other two patients were middle aged women who had hypercalcemia (one requiring preoperative calcitonin treatment). The diagnosis of adenolipoma was made morphologically, although the clinical course was otherwise indistinguishable from other forms of primary hyperparathyroidism. Each of the three patients were cured following adenolipoma resection. This small series of patients in the experience of a single surgeon in a brief period might indicate that this diagnosis is by no means rare, and the functional nature of these tumors was the characteristic that brought them to diagnosis. The hypercalcemia was somewhat more severe in these cases--but the hyperparathyroidism was otherwise unremarkable. The morphologic features of these tumors include unusual size, proliferating fat content, and a fibrillar stroma. Adenolipoma of the parathyroid can cause primary hyperparathyroidism and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of the morphologic lesions of the parathyroid glands that can produce a hypercalcemic syndrome. PMID- 7135202 TI - The anatomy of primary hyperparathyroidism. AB - Although several classic anatomic studies describing the number, location, size, and weight of normal parathyroid glands have been reported, as detailed description of the parathyroid glands in a large series of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism has not been available. Drawings were made of the exact locations of each of the normal and enlarged parathyroid glands identified, immediately following neck explorations in all patients with primary hyperparathyroidism during a 4-year period (1977 to 1981). The enlarged glands were also measured and weighed after excision. The records of 273 patients were reviewed. Single gland enlargement (adenoma) was found in 218 patients (80%). Hyperplasia of all identified parathyroid glands was found in 42 patients (15%). Two adenomas (at least two other glands grossly and microscopically normal) were found in seven patients (2.6%). Seven patients (2.6%) with biochemical evidence of the disease had only normal glands at neck exploration. Adenomas in ectopic locations were frequent. However, their locations, with few exceptions, were predictable. The larger an adenoma, the more likely it was to be ectopic. Right superior gland adenomas (mean size 2.6 cm) were ectopic in 39%. Left superior glands (mean size 2.62 cm) were ectopic in 36%. No superior parathyroid adenomas were intrathyroidal. five of 223 (2%) adenomas were entirely surrounded by thyroid parenchyma in the lower pole. Nearly all inferior gland adenomas within the thymus could be readily excised through the cervical incision. In the seven cases in which only normal parathyroids were identified, no fewer than three glands wer proven in each. Three patients have had subsequent mediastinal exploration and excision of an adenoma. This failure rate of cervical exploration (4%) is attributed to mediastinal adenomas, and a second adenoma, and incorrect diagnosis. An awareness of the frequency of ectopic adenomas and their usual locations is of considerable benefit to the surgeon. Identification of the normal glands is of great importance as the search for a specific missing gland (adenoma) can be conducted in a logical sequence based on anatomic and embryologic knowledge of the parathyroids. PMID- 7135203 TI - Relation of postoperative hypocalcemia to operative techniques: deleterious effect of excessive use of parathyroid biopsy. AB - The ideal operation for primary hyperparathyroidism remains controversial. The postoperative serum calcium concentrations of two groups of patients who underwent different parathyroid operations at the University of Chicago Hospitals were studied. Group 1 consisted of 57 patients (operated upon prior to 1978) who had excision of an adenoma and any other questionably enlarged parathyroid glands and intentional biopsy of all other glands that could be identified. When hyperplasia was present, resection of three and one half glands was performed. Group 2 consisted of 50 patients (operated upon in 1980 to 1981) who had bilateral neck explorations and removal of the adenoma with biopsy of only one or two parathyroid glands. The last gland was not biopsied. When hyperplasia was present, excision of two glands with subtotal excision of two other glands was performed. Initial neck exploration cured 52 of 57 (92%) group 1 patients. In these individuals the postoperative serum calcium values fell to the same levels whether an adenoma or hyperplasia was present and whether one, two, or three glands were removed. During the first 4 postoperative days, 48% of these individuals had one or more serum calcium values of 7.9 mg/dl or lower. None had permanent hypoparathyroidism, however. Each of 50 group 2 patients was cured by the initial neck exploration. Serum calcium values of 7.9 mg/dl or lower occurred in 26% of these patients. Thus, transient postoperative hypocalcemia was decreased in both the adenoma and the hyperplasia groups by these more conservative operations. Recurrence has not occurred during this short follow-up period. While other studies have focused on glandular excision as the major cause of postoperative hypocalcemia, our data suggest that the excessive use of parathyroid biopsy may also have a deleterious effect. PMID- 7135204 TI - Comparison of fine-needle and coarse-needle biopsies in evaluating thyroid nodules. AB - The purpose of this study was to compare the results of fine-needle biopsy (FNB) and coarse-needle biopsy (CNB) in evaluating patients with dominant thyroid nodules. Five hundred twenty-six patients were seen because of solitary thyroid nodules. Three hundred of these underwent satisfactory CNB and FNB. Using the incidence of cancer found at operation as a guide to the specificity of the biopsy, CNB was better than FNB in determining underlying pathologic condition. The main difference between the two techniques was the inability of FNB to distinguish adenomatous hyperplasia from true adenoma. FNB, however, was as good as most older techniques in selecting patients for surgery. The main limitation of CNB was that it could only be applied on 69% of solid lesions. PMID- 7135205 TI - Castration induces a marked reduction in the incidence of thyroid cancers. AB - Although thyroid disease in humans predominates in females, the prognosis of thyroid cancer in males is much less favorable. To further explore the role of male sex hormones, we utilized the experimental model of radiation-induced follicular cancer in the rat, studying the effects of castration on tumor development. Microscopic evidence of tumor formation was correlated with the biochemical parameters serum thyroxine (T4), thyrotropin (TSH), and thyrocalcitonin (TC) at 24 months. The incidence of follicular carcinomas in intact males ws 58%, compared to 28% in comparable females. Castration of males caused a reduction in the incidence to 22%. Mean circulating levels of TSH were markedly elevated in all three irradiated groups. Mean T4 levels were reduced significantly only in irradiated castrated animals. TC levels were reduced in all irradiated groups. We conclude that although elevated levels of TSH probably play a significant role in the development of radioactive iodine-triggered follicular thyroid neoplasms in the rat, male sex hormone may also play an important role beyond their known effect on basal and thyrotropin-releasing hormone-stimulated TSH. PMID- 7135206 TI - Management of the adrenal "incidentaloma". AB - The suprarenal fossa has been a clinically silent area of the body where nonfunctional lesions of soccer ball size could go undetected until they disturbed functions of adjacent organs. Unless an adrenal tumor was suspected by biochemical or clinical screening information, early diagnosis was an exception, and localization usually required invasive techniques. With the advent of noninvasive computer-assisted radiologic and sonographic techniques, surgeons now have the reverse problem of early diagnosis of asymptomatic adrenal mass: do we need to know about nonfunctioning "incidentalomas" and what further action is compelled by their discovery? Sophisticated adrenal imaging techniques, even if noninvasive, should be be utilized as a localizing technique after the biochemical determination of adrenal disease is established. Localization should not precede the biochemical confirmation of endocrine active adrenal disease. For adrenal masses discovered in asymptomatic patients, predictability of curative adrenal surgery is only as good as the strength of the causal link between the clinical evidence of adrenal disease and the localizing information; thus the indication for operation does not rely solely upon the resolving power of adrenal imaging to demonstrate adrenal masses. This causal link is not strengthened by one radiographic test that confirms the results of another in the absence of evidence that adds functional significance to the radiographic findings. For the "incidentaloma" of the adrenal that might represent neoplasm, techniques similar to those employed for thyroid masses should be used for diagnosis rather than the routine prescription of operation based on the mere presence of a space-occupying lesion. Direct correlation of imaging studies applied to prior patient findings is necessary before operation is indicated for adrenal "incidentalomas." PMID- 7135208 TI - Incidental pituitary adenomas: a retrospective study. AB - A retrospective study was performed to study the incidence, morphology, and endocrine activity of incidental pituitary tumors in 500 consecutive autopsied subjects. Forty-two pituitary glands were found to have occult pituitary adenomas. These tumors were more frequently found in patients who died in the sixth or seventh decade of life. There was no obvious sex predominance. Of these patients 48% were obese, 34% were diabetic, and 57% were hypertensive. However, in only one case a pituitary lesion was clinically questioned but specific endocrine functions were not performed. The tumor size ranged from 1 to 15 mm, with 62% of tumors being less than 3 mm. In 34 cases the tumors were located along the lateral aspect of the gland, and 36% of these tumors stained positive for the presence of prolactin. Suspicious or abnormal areas were found in 11 of 17 cases in which skull x-rays were taken. In this article we discuss the factors that may affect the recovery incidence of occult pituitary adenomas. The biologic behavior of these microadenomas, especially those classified as prolactinomas, is unclear, but there clinical effects appears to be relatively benign. PMID- 7135207 TI - Probable clonal origin of aldosteronomas versus multicellular origin of parathyroid "adenomas". AB - Adrenocortical adenomas causing hyperaldosteronism in two women heterozygous at the X chromosome-linked glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) locus exhibited only one G-6-PD isoenzyme. This finding suggests a clonal development for these benign tumors and contrasts with the multicellular origin of parathyroid adenomas reported in three patients from our institution in 1977 and found subsequently in seven other hyperparathyroid women whose cases are reported here. One of these seven patients had hereditary hyperparathyroidism. In this case each of three glands removed showed both A and B G-6-PD isoenzymes in similar ratios as were found in normal tissues. The multicellular origin of hereditary hyperparathyroidism is compatible with the concept of parathyroid lesions being manifestations of the first genetic event in Knudson's two mutational-event theory for the initiation of cancer. The multicellular origin of sporadic parathyroid tumors suggest that they are caused by some factors stimulating many cells in the parathyroid glands. The young average age of onset of eight cases of parathyroid cancer from five families with hereditary hyperparathyroidism in the literature is also compatible with Knudson's theory. G 6-PD studies of other aldosteronomas, parathyroid tumors, and other endocrine neoplasms may provide important information about the pathogenesis of these conditions. PMID- 7135209 TI - What's new with G-17? PMID- 7135210 TI - Use of neuron-specific enolase as a serum marker for neuroendocrine neoplasms. PMID- 7135211 TI - Comparison of partial and complete arterial occlusion models for studying intestinal ischemia. AB - Mucosal albumin clearance was measured in jejunal segments of dogs under control conditions and following complete or partial arterial occlusion of varying durations (1, 2, 3, or 4 hours). The rate of albumin clearance was estimated from the luminal perfusion rate and the activity of protein bound 125I in the perfusate and plasma. Partial and total arterial occlusions of 60 minutes to 4 hours' duration produced significant increases in mucosal albumin clearance. The magnitude of the rise in albumin clearance was directly related to the duration of ischemia in both total and partial arterial occlusion models. However, the magnitude of the increase in albumin clearance was significantly greater with total arterial occlusion for any given duration of ischemia. The albumin clearance results obtained in the present study compare favorably with previously reported morphologic changes in the intestinal mucosa produced by both total and partial occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery. The agreement between morphologic and physiologic measurements indicates that mucosal albumin clearance may be a useful tool for studying the pathophysiology of intestinal ischemia. PMID- 7135212 TI - Multiple congenital aneurysms associated with spontaneous vascular rupture. PMID- 7135213 TI - Thrombolytic therapy--a new realistic approach in treatment of thromboocclusive vascular disease. PMID- 7135214 TI - [Effect of hemosorption on the level of circulating immune complexes in diseases of the internal organs (I)]. PMID- 7135215 TI - [Differential diagnosis in nephrological practice]. PMID- 7135216 TI - [Neuroendocrine apparatus of the kidneys in disease]. PMID- 7135217 TI - [Nephrotic syndrome developing after an insect bite]. PMID- 7135218 TI - [Hematuric nephritis]. PMID- 7135219 TI - [Antibodies to viral antigens in glomerulonephritis and other kidney diseases]. PMID- 7135220 TI - [Albumin metabolism in diffuse kidney diseases]. PMID- 7135221 TI - [Mechanism of the diuretic effect of heparin in chronic glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7135222 TI - [Indomethacin in the treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7135223 TI - [Effectiveness of long-term ambulatory indomethacin treatment of patients suffering from the hypertensive form of chronic glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7135224 TI - [Fibrinolytic properties of the blood plasma, urine and edematous fluids of nephrotic syndrome patients]. PMID- 7135225 TI - [alpha-Lipoprotein cholesterol content of the blood serum in nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 7135226 TI - [Role of genetic and teratogenic factors in the formation of renal dysembryogenesis]. PMID- 7135227 TI - [Biologically active substances in the terminal stage of chronic kidney failure]. PMID- 7135228 TI - [Clinico-cytological comparisons in chronic glomerulonephritis with kidney function disorder]. PMID- 7135229 TI - [Potentials of conservative therapy in chronic kidney failure]. PMID- 7135230 TI - [Parathormone and calcitonin in the blood in chronic kidney diseases]. PMID- 7135231 TI - [Causes of hyperaluminemia in patients maintained on hemodialysis]. PMID- 7135232 TI - [Tubular function disorders in the tubulo-interstitial component of chronic compensated glomerulonephritis and their clinical significance]. PMID- 7135233 TI - [Late results of the surgical treatment of renovascular hypertension due to nonspecific aortoarteritis]. PMID- 7135234 TI - [Survival and prognostic significance of a kidney lesion in systemic scleroderma]. PMID- 7135235 TI - [Various factors influencing the colony forming ability of human bone marrow cells]. PMID- 7135237 TI - [Differential diagnosis and pathogenetic therapy of hysterical and hysteriform states]. PMID- 7135238 TI - [Theory of systemic regulation of the aggregate state of blood]. PMID- 7135236 TI - [Colony-stimulating capacity of precursor cells of granulomonopoiesis in the bone marrow in polycythemia vera and symptomatic erythrocytosis]. PMID- 7135239 TI - [Temporary disability evaluation in erythremia]. PMID- 7135240 TI - [Myelocarcinomatosis with diffuse generalized osteosclerosis (2 cases with an atypical course)]. PMID- 7135241 TI - [Atrial myxoma simulating septic endocarditis]. PMID- 7135242 TI - [Case of leukemoid reaction in lung cancer]. PMID- 7135243 TI - [Differential diagnosis of the icteric form of hemochromatosis and viral hepatitis]. PMID- 7135244 TI - [Course of lymphogranulomatosis following splenectomy]. PMID- 7135245 TI - [Ways of establishing a diagnosis in atypical forms of various hemoblastoses]. PMID- 7135247 TI - [Combined chemo-and radiation therapy of chronic lympholeukemia]. PMID- 7135246 TI - [Prevention of malignant tumors]. PMID- 7135248 TI - [Cytochemistry of hairy cell leukemia]. PMID- 7135249 TI - [Gamma-scintigraphic study of hematopoiesis in myelofibrosis and osteomyelosclerosis in subleukemic myelosis and erythremic patients]. PMID- 7135250 TI - [General characteristics of shifts in the system of hemostasis in obliterating atherosclerosis]. PMID- 7135251 TI - [Clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune hemolytic anemias with incomplete warm agglutinins]. PMID- 7135252 TI - [Dieresis of erythrocytes in the body after damage to their membranes]. PMID- 7135253 TI - Reproduction and fetal development in mice chronically exposed to nitrous oxide. AB - The effects of exposure to nitrous oxide on reproductive indices, fetal development, and male fertility were examined in Swiss/ICR mice. In experiment I, female mice were exposed for 4 hours per day on days 6-15 of pregnancy, to 0.5% (5,000 ppm), 5.0% (50,000 ppm), or 50% (500,000 ppm) nitrous oxide. Control mice were untreated, exposed to compressed air, or treated with retinoic acid on day 8 of gestation. In experiment II, male mice were treated, as above, for 9 weeks and then mated nightly for 7 nights to untreated, virgin females. In experiment I, 1,761 fetuses from 154 dams were examined and found to be without evidence of adverse nitrous oxide treatment effects. In experiment II there were no differences among the groups in the ability of males to impregnate females or in litter size, fetal wastage, or fetal size. When we compare nitrous oxide with other inhalation anesthetics we have studied employing a similar protocol, we find the order of reproductive toxicity to be: halothane greater than enflurane greater than methoxyflurane greater than nitrous oxide. None of the agents were toxic, however, at the trace concentrations usually found in operating rooms. PMID- 7135254 TI - The teratogenicity of cocaine. AB - Pregnancy rats and mice received high doses of cocaine hydrochloride by intraperitoneal injection. Despite treatment periods which included most of organogenesis, no increase in congenital abnormalities was observed. Rats showed significant reductions in maternal and fetal weights as well as increased resorption frequencies. Fetal edema was also found. Mice showed only decreased fetal weights with no increase in malformations. PMID- 7135255 TI - The effects of chlorpromazine and phenobarbital on cerebellar Purkinje cells. AB - The morphological effects of two chemically different neuroactive drugs (chlorpromazine and phenobarbital) on developing Purkinje cells in the rat cerebellum were examined to determine the presence of cytological alterations. Therapeutic dosages of both drugs were chronically administered to separate groups of maternal rats beginning on day 18 postcoitus. Entire litters were sacrificed on postnatal days 13, 15, 18, and 21. Light microscopic quantitation of Purkinje cells demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in total numbers below control levels at all ages examined for both drugs. Pyknotic Purkinje cells, which appeared more numerous in the drug tested groups, had a paucity of synaptic contacts on both the soma and dendritic branches. Both drugs tested produced similar results within the parameters examined. These alterations have been discussed in relation to possible mechanisms and sites of action. PMID- 7135257 TI - X-ray induced dysplasia in the developing telencephalic choroid plexus of mice exposed in utero. AB - Pregnant NMRI-mice were X-irradiated with single doses of 0.95 Gy (100 R) and 1.9 Gy (200 R) on day of gestation (dg) 12. For sampling, anesthetized animals were perfused with buffered glutaraldehyde solution or fixed by immersion in Karnovsky solution. LM, SEM, and TEM studies were carried out on brains prenatally and up to the age of 20 months to follow the radiation effects on the developing lateral choroid plexus. Radiation-induced changes were found using all three methods and at all stages studied. The normally sickle-shaped and stretched choroid plexus is shortened and irregular, and the dome-shaped plexus cells are flattened. Their superficial fine structures, i.e., the microvilli and cilia, are altered. Three stages of severity can be distinguished and the internal hydromicrocephalus increases from stage I to III. Intercellular spaces of the treated plexus epithelium are often dilated, but the tight junctions at the ventricular surface seem to be intact. The interstitium shows large dilations in comparison with the controls. Thus, gross changes and alterations in the fine structure can be induced in the choroid plexus by doses of 0.95 Gy and 1.9 Gy, which persist throughout postnatal life. PMID- 7135256 TI - Birth weight and birth defects in relation to maternal spermicide use. AB - The possible effects of maternal spermicide use on birth characteristics of offspring were examined in two studies. First, birth weight of offspring was examined in a cohort study of 302 women who reported using spermicides and 716 women who used no contraceptive methods in the year prior to pregnancy resulting in a 1974 live birth (without a malformation) in Upstate New York. There was no evidence that spermicide use prior to the last menstrual period (LMP) had an effect on mean birth weight or on the proportion of lower weights. Mean birth weight of female births was significantly lower in post-LMP spermicide users than in pre-LMP-only spermicide users and no-contraceptive users. In multiple linear regression analyses of birth weight among births to spermicide users, including maternal smoking during pregnancy and other variables, time of discontinuation of spermicide use was an important predictor of female (but not male) birth weight. In the second (case-control) study of 715 Upstate New York births with selected birth defects and 715 control births (matched on maternal age and race), no significantly increased relative risks were associated with maternal spermicide use prior to LMP or after LMP. Based on small numbers, relative risks for post LMP spermicide use were greater than 1.00 for hypospadias (8/2 or 4.00, not significant) and for limb reduction defects (6/3 or 2.00, not significant). PMID- 7135258 TI - In vitro effects of the teratogen and folic acid antagonist, 9-methyl pteroylglutamic acid, on glycosaminoglycan accumulation in fetal rat limbs. AB - Fetal rat limbs were obtained from pregnant females on the 14th day of gestation. Forelimbs and hindlimbs were pooled separately and preincubated for 22 hours at 37 degrees C in Eagle's MEM containing the teratogen and folic acid antagonist, 9 methyl pteroylglutamic acid (9-mePGA). Following removal of old medium, fresh medium together with the teratogen were added at the same concentration as before. Tritiated glucosamine (10 micro Ci) was added to each vial and the incubation continued for 4 hours at 37 degrees C. Tissues were homogenized, digested with pronase, and glycosaminoglycans (GAG) selectively precipitated with cetylpyridinium chloride. In vitro exposure of fetal limbs to various doses of 9 mePGA resulted in a significant increase in the accumulation of labeled GAG by fetal forelimbs at the high and intermediate dosage levels. No effect was observed at the lowest dose. Accumulation of labeled GAG by fetal hindlimbs although similar to fetal forelimbs in control incubations, was unaffected by in vitro exposure to 9-mePGA at any of the dosage levels studied. PMID- 7135260 TI - Developmental abnormalities of the olfactory bulb: a comparative teratological and experimental study of the pig and chick embryo. AB - We collected newborn pigs with facial dysmorphy. In ten animals complete unilateral or bilateral hare lip was found to be associated with agenesis, aplasia, or hypoplasia of the olfactory bulbs. In order to get insight into a possible pathomorphogenetic relation between these types of clefts, malformations of the olfactory bulbs, and the role of the derivatives of the olfactory placode, the right olfactory placode was extirpated in 180 chick embryos at stage 17-18 according to Hamburger and Hamilton. Forty of the 78 surviving embryos showed shortening and deviation of the upper bill to the right, absence of the right nasal ostium, and agenesis of the right olfactory bulb. These results provide experimental evidence that the olfactory placode induces the outgrowth of the olfactory bulb. The further suggest an involvement of the olfactory placode in the normal development of the face. PMID- 7135259 TI - Inhibition of beta-aminopropionitrile (beta APN)-induced skeletal teratogenesis by the flavonoid beta-hydroxyethylrutosides (HR) in hamster fetuses. AB - Since biochemical studies have shown that flavonoids such as beta hydroxyethylrutosides (HR) protect against the damage to collagen induced by lathyrogens in adult rats, this compound was given to pregnant hamsters in order to determine its effects on the teratogenicity induced by beta-aminopropionitrile (beta APN). A dose of 2,500 mg/kg of beta APN alone given by gavage on day 11 produced a high frequency (69.5%) of skeletal anomalies in the offspring of hamsters. Administration of HR immediately following beta APN to pregnant animals resulted in a significantly decreased teratogenic response (P less than 0.05). These data provide evidence to support the view that the primary mechanism for the beta APN-induced skeletal dysmorphogenesis is the inhibition of cross linking during the maturation of collagen fibers. PMID- 7135261 TI - Altered glycosaminoglycan composition of rat forelimb-buds during hydroxyurea teratogenesis: an indication of repair. PMID- 7135262 TI - Growth characteristics of the murine trisomy 19 thymus. AB - Development of the trisomy 19 mouse thymus was studied by (1) evaluation of cell and nuclear counts and volume distributions and (2) examination of the in vivo cell cycle characteristics using flow cytometry. Direct preparations of thymuses from affected animals and their normal littermates at 17, 18, 19 gestational days, and at term were used. Cell numbers in aliquots from the trisomic thymus suspensions were always significantly less than those in the normal animals. There were no differences in cellular or nuclear volumes between the two groups. However, the populations of cells in the trisomic suspensions showed a lag in the normally occurring transition from a larger to a smaller size. DNA distribution histograms from these suspensions were generated using a TPS-1 Cell Sorter, and percentages of cells in different phases of the cell cycle were estimated using computer analysis. The resulting graphs and numerical data from the trisomic mice, when compared with the normals, showed consistent increases in the relative numbers of cells in the S and G2 + M phases of the cell cycle. Because growth retardation is a major feature of trisomy 19, as well as in other murine trisomies, these results suggest that cell cycle alterations may, in part, contribute to the reduced cell number, delayed development, and smaller size of the trisomic animals. PMID- 7135264 TI - Effusive-constrictive pericarditis in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7135263 TI - Trisomy 13 in the mouse. AB - The fetal development of mice trisomic for chromosome 13 (Ts 13) was investigated. Trisomic fetuses were obtained from the progeny of male mice heterozygous for the two Robertsonian translocation chromosomes Rb (11.13)4Bnr and Rb (6.13)3Rma mated to "all acrocentric" NMRI females. Trisomic fetuses were found at all stages between days 12 and 19 of gestation (vaginal plug day counted as day 1). The frequency of trisomy was 24.8% of all surviving implants. The frequency of Ts decreased slightly but not significantly with progressing pregnancy. In eight newborn litters, two dead and four living trisomic newborns (13.6%) were found. The latter died within a few hours after birth. The most conspicuous features of Ts 13 fetuses were their small size and a marked hypoplasia as compared with their normal euploid in utero mates. The weight of the the trisomic fetuses and that of their placentas was significantly lower than of the normal controls at all stages studied. The general developmental delay and the delay of the ossification of Ts 13 fetuses were about 1 to 11/2 days. Cleft palate was observed in 86% of the Ts 13 fetuses. Edema developed in the neck and back of the trisomic fetuses from day 14 on; this disappeared after day 17. It is suggested that the hypoplasia and general retardation of growth found in trisomy 13 and in other autosomal trisomies, as well as the more or less specific palatal and cardiovascular malformations in this disorder, may be caused by impaired proliferation of trisomic cells. This postulated impairment of cell growth may also affect the fetal part of the placenta. PMID- 7135265 TI - Myocardial necrosis associated with isoproterenol abuse: a ten-year follow-up. PMID- 7135266 TI - Presumed aspergillosis associated with orbital floor prosthesis. PMID- 7135267 TI - [Vitamin B1 - a secret deficiency vitamin?]. PMID- 7135269 TI - [Behavior therapy with socially insecure children]. PMID- 7135268 TI - [Periarthritis humeroscapularis: alternative therapy of pain using magnet bands]. PMID- 7135270 TI - [The patient expects information on a drug from the physician]. PMID- 7135271 TI - [Is there a special addictive personality?]. PMID- 7135272 TI - [Therapeutic experiences and prognosis in heroin dependence]. PMID- 7135273 TI - [Therapy of alcoholism]. PMID- 7135275 TI - [Biological and psychological theory of the etiology of addiction]. PMID- 7135274 TI - [Epidemiology of the consumption of legal and illegal drugs in Switzerland]. PMID- 7135276 TI - Beginnings of bronchitis. PMID- 7135277 TI - Interactions between response to inhaled prostaglandin E2 and chronic beta adrenergic agonist treatment. AB - Cumulative inhalation dose-response curves for the response to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) have been constructed in normal subjects and patients with mild, stable asthma. In normal subjects cumulative inhalation dose-response curves were also constructed for salbutamol. In normal subjects dose-related bronchodilatation occurred in response to both PGE2 and salbutamol, although both the within subject and the between-subject variation was significantly greater with salbutamol. Most asthmatic subjects gave a biphasic response to PGE2 on at least one occasion, PGE2 being a bronchoconstrictor above a certain level of specific airways conductance (sGaw) and a bronchodilator below. Chronic treatment with inhaled salbutamol (400 micrograms four times a day) had no effect on the normal subjects' response to salbutamol but there was a significant shift of the PGE2 dose-response curve to the left, indicating increased bronchodilatation (p less than 0.02). Stabilisation of the asthmatics' dose-response curve in the direction of bronchodilatation also occurred and was more pronounced (p less than 0.005). In the normal subjects PGE2 may be concerned in the control of airway smooth muscle tone and in limiting bronchoconstriction induced by mediators such as histamine, and chronic salbutamol treatment may be important in enhancing these effects of PGE2. 80 mg oral propranolol given one and a half hours before had no effect on PGE2-induced bronchodilatation; but the question whether chronic treatment with beta-blockers has any effect needs investigation. PMID- 7135278 TI - Localised airway narrowing in sarcoidosis. AB - Four patients developed multiple narrowings or occlusions of bronchi during the early stages of sarcoidosis when the chest radiograph showed no evidence of pulmonary fibrosis. Three of the patients had symptoms of breathlessness and wheezing and all had an obstructive defect of ventilation. Bronchography showed stenoses that were not apparent at bronchoscopy. It is concluded that the possibility of bronchial narrowing should be considered in patients who develop breathlessness or wheezing at any stage of sarcoidosis, and that bronchoscopy should be supplemented by bronchography. PMID- 7135279 TI - Pulmonary sarcoidosis with an alveolar radiographic pattern. AB - Thirty-three cases of sarcoidosis (4.4% of 746 patients) showed an alveolar radiological pattern. A study of pulmonary function was carried out in 25 patients and compared with that of 46 patients with the interstitial radiological type of sarcoidosis. Twenty-two cases have been followed up from one to six years after the initial examination. The radiographic lesions were most often bilateral and included nodules greater than 15 mm with ill-defined margins or diffuse, infiltrative, non-retractile opacities with fluffy margins. Bilateral mediastinal lymph nodes were present in 27 patients. In 20 patients an associated reticulation was found on radiography. In four patients an open lung biopsy was done. The granulomatous nodules were identical to those found in other forms of sarcoidosis, although they were more confluent in the affected areas. Clinical and functional findings did not differ from those in the more common forms of sarcoidosis. Alveolar sarcoidosis has a sudden course. The alveolar radiological patterns always disappeared, with or without steroid treatment, while reticular patterns persisted in four patients. Rapid radiological changes were observed. Some functional abnormalities persisted in cases that were followed. It is concluded that alveolar sarcoidosis is a distinct acute form of sarcoidosis. PMID- 7135280 TI - Outcome of carcinoma in situ and early invasive carcinoma of the bronchus. AB - Seventeen patients in whom a squamous carcinoma in situ of the bronchus had been resected have been followed for up to 16 years. The crude mortality rate for these patients is remarkably high, with seven (41%) dead after five years and 14 (82%) after 10 years. Half the patients had died as a direct result of malignant disease by 10 years--because of recurrence, metastatic disease, or the development of a second tumour. A guarded long-term prognosis must be given in these patients owing to the many deaths (mainly from other respiratory diseases) besides those from recurrent cancer. PMID- 7135281 TI - Cytological sampling at fibreoptic bronchoscopy: comparison of catheter aspirates and brush biopsies. AB - A prospective study was undertaken to compare bronchial brushings with dry catheter aspiration for the cytological diagnosis of lung cancer at fibreoptic bronchoscopy. Duplicate samples taken by aspirate and brush were obtained at 103 consecutive routine bronchoscopies. Aspirate and brush samples were reported on separately by two cytologists. At the end of the study a 30% sample, including the 19 cases with different findings by the two methods, were subjected to a blind crossover review, and then an open review. Forceps biopsy specimens for routine histological assessment were taken in 94 cases (92%). Ninety-eight of 103 (95%) aspirates and 99 of 103 (96%) brush specimens were technically satisfactory. Carcinoma was diagnosed at bronchoscopy on cytological or histological evidence or both in 57 cases. Fifty-five of these tumours (96%) were recognised by either the aspirate or the brush method, 52 (91%) by brush, and 50 (88%) by aspirate. Thirty-four cases (60%) could be diagnosed from histological specimens. The order of cytological sampling did not systematically affect yield. It is concluded that fine-catheter aspirates, permitting smears to be prepared in the laboratory, are a satisfactory alternative to brush smears for the cytological diagnosis of lung cancer at bronchoscopy. The routine use of both techniques at bronchoscopy will increase diagnostic yield by about 5%. Duplicate sampling may be especially useful in obtaining diagnostic material from upper lobe or apical-segment tumours. PMID- 7135282 TI - Morphological assessment of sucrose preservation for porcine heart valves. AB - Porcine aortic valves stored in various concentrations of sucrose (50-80%) for up to 52 weeks were examined both histologically and by electron microscopy. The valves were compared with porcine aortic valves stored in a nutrient and antibiotic medium for 12 weeks. Overall preservation was better in those porcine valves stored in sucrose solution than in nutrient and antibiotic medium, the best preservation being in 50% sucrose. Despite wide separation of collagen at that concentration seen on electron microscopy (not noted histologically), tissue preservation was good after storage in sucrose solutions at concentrations up to 80%, at which clumping of collagen and distortion of fibroblasts occurred. It is suggested that sucrose solution is acceptable for the long-term preservation of biological valves. PMID- 7135283 TI - Intravascular bronchioloalveolar tumour. PMID- 7135284 TI - Intravascular bronchioloalveolar tumour. PMID- 7135285 TI - Recurrent leiomyoma of the oesphagus. PMID- 7135286 TI - Open-heart surgery in sickle-cell haemoglobinopathies: report of 15 cases. PMID- 7135287 TI - Implications of histologically reported residual tumour on the bronchial margin after resection for bronchial carcinoma. AB - A group of 64 cases with histologically reported residual tumour on the bronchial margin after resection for bronchial carcinoma has been examined. Carcinoma in situ of the bronchial mucosa was described in nine cases, invasive carcinoma of the bronchial mucosa in 29, peribronchial malignancy in 18, and lymphatic permeation in eight. Survival with peribronchial malignancy and lymphatic permeation was poor. Nevertheless, the finding of earlier workers that residual mucosal tumour at the margin of the resected bronchus may not adversely affect survival has been confirmed. The reason for the prolonged survival of some patients despite reported tumours of the bronchial stump mucosa may be that such reports are sometimes artefactual, and two possible mechanisms for this are discussed. PMID- 7135288 TI - Value of radiotherapy for tumour on the bronchial stump after resection for bronchial carcinoma. AB - Two groups have been selected from 1000 patients who had lobectomy or pneumonectomy for bronchial carcinoma. The first group was of 26 patients with tumour affecting the mucosa of the resected bronchial margin reported histologically at the time of surgery. Twelve of these were given postoperative radiotherapy but with no apparent benefit, either in the incidence of recurrence of tumour at the bronchial stump or in five-year survival. The second group was of 17 patients who developed recurrence of tumour at the bronchial stump, bronchoscopically confirmed, some time after surgery. In six of these cases the recurrence was detected while it was confined to the bronchial stump region, and these patients were then given radiotherapy. Five of the six survived five years after radiotherapy, with complete eradication of the tumour recurrence confirmed by repeat bronchoscopy. In 11 cases the tumour recurrence was not detected until it had become more extensive. Radiotherapy may also have prolonged survival in some of these patients, although none survived five years. PMID- 7135289 TI - Tracheal damage after endotracheal intubation: comparison of two types of endotracheal tubes. AB - Twenty-eight patients who required endotracheal intubation for open-heart surgery were randomly allocated to one of two types of endotracheal tube. The tracheal mucosa was examined with a fibreoptic bronchoscope at the time of extubation, usually 24 hours after operation. The degree of oedema, inflammation, and ulceration was scored by the bronchoscopist, who also photographed the whole length of the trachea. An independent observer subsequently scored any tracheal damage from these photographs. Both observers found significantly less mucosal damage with the low-pressure, high-volume type of cuff than with the traditional high-pressure, low-volume type. This difference may be related to the differences in lateral wall pressures exerted by the two types of cuff. The low-pressure type of cuff may be preferable in patients requiring prolonged endotracheal intubation. PMID- 7135291 TI - Diagnosis of atrial thrombi by ultrasound. AB - Left atrial thrombi were shown by two-dimensional echocardiography in three patients with mitral valve disease and neurological symptoms. In two patients the atrial thrombi had probably been the source of a previous cerebrovascular embolus. In the third, two-dimensional echocardiography detected the development of a recent ball-valve thrombus in the left atrial cavity, which caused intermittent obstruction and syncope. Echocardiographic findings were correlated with anatomical and histological data in all three patients. The spatial orientation provided by the multiple imaging planes of two-dimensional echocardiography permitted correct estimates of the size and position of the thrombus, and this mode was superior to the standard M-mode technique for non invasive imaging of thrombus. Despite limitations of technique and resolution, the information provided by ultrasound can be extremely helpful in the management of patients. Ultrasonic screening (particularly the two-dimensional mode) is to be recommended in patients with neurological symptoms and clinical evidence of cardiac disease or arrhythmia. PMID- 7135290 TI - Puncture of thoracic lesions under sonographic guidance. AB - Thirty-six punctures of thoracic lesions have been performed with a compound B scanner or a real-time linear-array scanner for guidance. Twenty-three fluid collections were punctured and aspiration biopsies were performed on 13 echogenic lesions. All the punctures were successful at the first attempt. No complications occurred. The results confirm the usefulness of sonography for guiding punctures of thoracic fluid effusions and solid masses. Usually a static B-scanner is sufficient, but when masses are small or surrounded by vital structures puncture may be controlled by a real-time scanner. PMID- 7135292 TI - Radiological pituitary fossa changes in chronic bronchitis. AB - Fourteen male patients with chronic bronchitis and hypoxia had a lateral radiograph of the pituitary fossa. Nine of the 14 had definite or probable abnormalities, a significantly higher frequency (p less than or equal to 0.01) than is represented by the two out of 14 age-matched men from a control group with head injuries. The most common change was thinning or erosion of the lamina dura. Patients with hypercapnia were no more prone to such abnormalities than were those with normocapnia, a finding that conflicts with a previous paper. We confirm that radiological pituitary fossa changes do occur in chronic bronchitis, that they are unrelated to steroid treatment, and that they are probably not solely due to the chronically raised intracranial pressure associated with hypercapnia. Other possible mechanisms are discussed--in particular hypoxia, which might produce changes on account of the increased cerebral blood flow and engorged intracranial blood vessels. PMID- 7135293 TI - Carboxyhaemoglobin and plasma thiocyanate: complementary indicators of smoking behaviour? AB - Carboxyhaemoglobin and plasma thiocyanate concentrations were measured in 79 non smokers and 360 cigarette smokers. The mean levels were 0.73% and 7.09% carboxyhaemoglobin and 40 . 2 and 133 . 8 mumol thiocyanate/1 plasma respectively. With 1 . 6% carboxyhaemoglobin and 73 . 0 mumol thiocyanate/1 plasma as critical values the concentrations of carboxyhaemoglobin in 96.6% of subjects and of thiocyanate in 93.4% were compatible with reported smoking status. This difference between the two tests is significant (p less than 0 . 005). Statistical combination of the carboxyhaemoglobin and thiocyanate results, with the use of linear discrimination analysis, only marginally improved their diagnostic efficiency (96.8% of subjects were grouped correctly). This analysis did, however, successfully regroup 21 of 26 individuals with contradictory carboxyhaemoglobin and thiocyanate classifications. It is concluded that in this study determination of thiocyanate added little to the information obtained from carboxyhaemoglobin measurements alone. PMID- 7135294 TI - Carbon monoxide diffusing capacity in polycythaemia rubra vera. AB - The diffusing capacity of the lung, or transfer factor, for carbon monoxide (TLCO) was measured in 12 patients with polycythaemia rubra vera. This was significantly raised (mean 152% predicted, SEM +/- 14%) and remained so even after correction to a standard haemoglobin concentration of 14 . 6 g/dl (mean 139% predicted, SEM +/- 13%). Serial measurements of TLCO on two patients after treatment of polycythaemia rubra vera showed a greater fall in relation to haemoglobin concentration than would have been predicted on theoretical grounds if the increases in TLCO had been due entirely to the increased haemoglobin concentration. The pulmonary capillary blood volume (estimated from TLCO) also fell in these two patients after treatment. There was a strong correlation between TLCO and the technetium-99m-labelled red cell volume for the seven men (r = 0 . 92; p less than 0 . 01) and five women (r = 0 . 99; p less than 0 . 001) when studies were performed on the same day. In patients with polycythaemia rubra vera who have no evidence of coexistent pulmonary disease the pulmonary capillary bed appears to share in the expansion of the body blood volume. The single-breath TLCO test may act as a convenient and simple monitor for the response of the disease to treatment. PMID- 7135296 TI - Two-dimensional echocardiographic features of Bjork-Shiley aortic prosthetic valve dehiscence. PMID- 7135295 TI - Biomechanics of the pulmonary autograft valve in the aortic position. AB - Pulmonary autograft valve replacement has been simulated by implanting the pulmonary valve into the aortic position of the same cadaver heart from both human and porcine sources. The forces acting on the pulmonary valve leaflets have been calculated on the basis of a triaxial ellipsoid mathematical model. These forces on the pulmonary autograft valve were shown to be essentially similar to those previously reported for aortic valve leaflets. Biomechanical measurements have been made on the simulated autograft valves and on the isolated pulmonary valve cusps. The tensile strengths of the pulmonary valve cusps in both circumferential and radial directions were roughly three times greater than those of aortic valve cusps. This indicated the ability of the pulmonary valves to accept, ab initio, aortic valve closing pressures. Pressure-induced changes in dimension, calculated on the basis of diameters of the simulated pulmonary autograft root, also indicated that the distensibility of the autograft valve was limited. It reached a maximum at 30 mm Hg (4 kPa) without any suggestion of further distension to the point of distortion and incompetence. The combination of the calculated forces acting on the valve and the biomechanical measurements have shown that pulmonary valves used as autograft aortic valve replacements are able to tolerate aortic pressures from the time of implantation. These experimental results from simulated autografts support the clinical use of this valve over the past 13 years. PMID- 7135297 TI - Quinticuspid aortic valve causing aortic valve incompetence and stenosis. PMID- 7135298 TI - Hyperfunction of Blalock anastomosis associated with Marfan's syndrome. PMID- 7135300 TI - Tracheo-oesophageal fistula and bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsies after blunt chest trauma. PMID- 7135299 TI - Severe hypotension due to potassium-induced pericardial injury. PMID- 7135301 TI - Large cavitary dead space as an unusual cause of hypercapnic respiratory failure in pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 7135302 TI - Detection of metastatic calcification in lungs and stomach with radionuclide in multiple myeloma. PMID- 7135303 TI - The air crescent sign of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in acute leukaemia. PMID- 7135305 TI - High-frequency jet ventilation: a case report. PMID- 7135304 TI - Abscess formation in an intrathoracic goitre. PMID- 7135306 TI - [Biotransformation of metapramine in three animal species (dog, rabbit, rat) and in man]. PMID- 7135307 TI - [Pharmacokinetic study of three amoxycillin formulations for intramuscular injection]. PMID- 7135308 TI - [Compared alteration in paracetamol and hexobarbital metabolism due to liver disease]. PMID- 7135309 TI - [Social and economic implications of the treatment of hypertension]. PMID- 7135310 TI - [A constantly developing domain: arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7135311 TI - [Necrotizing anorectitis and proctitis after long term utilization of a dextropropoxyphene and paracetamol association in suppositories, 7 cases]. PMID- 7135312 TI - [Terpene rectitis. 2 clinical cases]. PMID- 7135314 TI - [Human breast milk as a compartment of drug distribution]. PMID- 7135313 TI - [Fetal drug effects: newborn infant drug effects]. PMID- 7135315 TI - [Drug induced granulopenia and agranulocytosis. A polycentric study conducted by the association of French Pharmacovigilance Centers]. PMID- 7135316 TI - [Drug induced white blood cells injury (antimitotic chemotherapy) and other drugs]. PMID- 7135317 TI - [Differential diagnosis of drug induced leucopenias (Weighted Assessment Method [W.A.M.] )]. PMID- 7135318 TI - [Leucopenias and cimetidine]. PMID- 7135319 TI - [Clinical evolutive and etiological aspects of drug-induced agranulocytosis. 42 cases]. PMID- 7135321 TI - [A proposal for the assessment of drug-induced adverse reaction case reports. I. Informativity]. PMID- 7135320 TI - [Haematogical abnormalities during treatments with thiamphenicol (about 261 treatments)]. PMID- 7135322 TI - [Blood dyscrasias and imputability. Observations from the Bordeaux-Aquitaine Pharmacovigilance Center]. PMID- 7135323 TI - [Practical considerations in attributing drug effects: 1 000 cases]. PMID- 7135324 TI - [Rate of occurrence of adverse drug reactions in patients admission in a emergency unit]. PMID- 7135325 TI - [Industrial pharmacosurveillance and medical representative: compatibility]. PMID- 7135326 TI - [Systematic follow up of inquiries about adverse drug reactions: a 9 month experience]. PMID- 7135327 TI - [Drug interactions involving miconazole]. PMID- 7135328 TI - [Haemorrhage associated with vitamin K deficiency in pregnant women and newborns. Relationship with rifampicin therapy in two cases]. PMID- 7135329 TI - [Anesthesia and anaphylactoid reactions. Epidemiological study of 4.452 cases reports]. PMID- 7135330 TI - [Pemphigus occurring in the course of treatment with D-penicillamine]. PMID- 7135331 TI - [Drug-induced Lyell's syndromes (9 cases)]. PMID- 7135332 TI - [Neurologic side effects of quinolones]. PMID- 7135333 TI - [Nephrotic syndrome during a treatment of rheumatoid polyarthritis with pyritinol]. PMID- 7135335 TI - [Jejunal perforation caused by slow-release potassium chloride tablets]. PMID- 7135334 TI - [Anticoagulants and pregnancy. Apropos of a case of embryopathy caused by acenocoumarol]. PMID- 7135336 TI - [Re-evaluation of the undesirable effects of vancomycin]. PMID- 7135337 TI - [Aseptic osteonecrosis of the femur head and corticotherapy]. PMID- 7135338 TI - Joint report of the Subcommittees on Animal Models of Hemorrhagic and Thrombotic Diseases and on platelets. PMID- 7135339 TI - The significance of thromboelastography in comparison with other global clotting tests. PMID- 7135340 TI - Dependency of platelet aggregation in vitro on the degree of platelet activation and shear rates. PMID- 7135341 TI - The intrinsic fluorescence of human fibrinogen and its fragments D and E. AB - The tryptophan fluorescence of fibrinogen and its final degradation products- fragment D and E--were compared. Fibrinogen and its derivatives exhibit identical emission and excitation spectra. Their fluorescence intensity is influenced to a different extent by pH titration and temperature. Our studies showed that tryptophan residues of core fragments D and E are much more exposed to quenching effects of acrylamide and ions than intact fibrinogen, which may be caused by conformational changes occurring over the domains during plasmin digestion of fibrinogen molecule. PMID- 7135342 TI - Reactivity of fibrinogen derivatives with antisera to human fibrin D-dimer and its gamma-gamma chain remnant. AB - Highly purified D-dimer was obtained from plasmin digest of human cross-linked fibrin. After reduction of its disulfide bonds, the gamma-gamma chain remnant, containing cross-linking site, was then isolated by ion-exchange chromatography on CM-cellulose. Antisera obtained by immunizing rabbits with D-dimer and its gamma-gamma chain remnant contained a small population of antibodies which specifically reacted with D-dimer. Thus, a specific radioimmunoassay system allowing detection and quantitation of D-dimer in the presence of fibrinogen and monomeric fragment D was made possible. PMID- 7135343 TI - Catabolism of purified rat fibrin(ogen) plasmin degradation products in rats. AB - The blood clearance of purified plasmin degradation products (X, Y, D-dimer, Dcate, D EGTA, E-fibrin, Ecate and E EGTA) of rat fibrin(ogen) has been studied in a homologous system. Transcapillary flux rate constants, fractional catabolic rate constants and the ratios of intravascular and extravascular pools have been calculated. There are considerable differences in these constants between the two early fibrinogen degradation products X and Y. Also the differences between fibrinogen D and E fragments, derived from different parts of the fibrinogen molecule, are considerable. However, the differences between fibrin fragment D dimer and fibrinogen fragment Dcate are relatively small. Also the differences between fragments E-fibrin, Ecate and E EGTA are small. The main fraction of all E-fragments is extravascular. PMID- 7135344 TI - A possible method to control prolongations of bleeding time under antiplatelet therapy with ticlopidine. AB - The interactions of oral and i.v. administrations of corticosteroids with the effects of ticlopidine were studied, in a search for an antidote for possible excessive prolongations of bleeding time induced by antiaggregating agents. Indeed, the results show that an i.v. injection of methylprednisolone or an oral treatment with prednisolone counteract the prolongation of bleeding time but do not interfere with the inhibition of platelet aggregation brought about by ticlopidine. This could be ascribed to a vasoconstrictive effect of corticosteroids, possibly through reduction of vascular prostacyclin release. If this mode of action was confirmed, this useful finding would essentially apply to ticlopidine, but not to cyclooxygenase inhibitors such as aspirin which, by themselves, abolish prostacyclin production. PMID- 7135345 TI - Degranulation of rabbit platelets with PAF-acether: a new procedure for unravelling the mode of action of platelet-activating substances. AB - Aggregation and secretion of ATP induced by thrombin, collagen, the snake venom component convulxin and platelet-activating factor (PAF-acether) were studied after the exposure of rabbit platelets to 1 microM of PAF-acether. This concentration, which is around 6 orders of magnitude above the concentration needed to induce full aggregation, was required to remove most of the releasable ATP from the platelets. The depleted platelets aggregated to PAF-acether, to thrombin and to convulxin under conditions where only very low amounts of ATP were secreted, confirming that these agents do not require the release of dense body components to trigger aggregation. Furthermore, when exposure to PAF-acether was associated to inactivation of platelet cyclooxygenase with aspirin, aggregation to thrombin persisted, validating the claim that thrombin induces aggregation by a third pathway unrelated to ADP and to thromboxane A2. Aggregation by collagen was markedly reduced by exposure of the platelets to PAF acether or to aspirin; when both procedures were associated, aggregation was suppressed. Failure to desensitize the rabbit platelets to PAF-acether upon exposure to high amounts of it indicates the absence of irreversible membrane changes due to PAF-acether, and allows its use as a depleting procedure for the dense body materials, which does not affect platelet membrane components as is the case for thrombin. PMID- 7135346 TI - Factor IX thrombogenicity: in vivo effects on coagulation activation and a case report of disseminated intravascular coagulation. AB - An episode of defibrination with bleeding following high dose Edinburgh Factor IX (D.E.F.IX) replacement in a patient with haemophilia B undergoing knee joint replacement is reported. We have also monitored plasma fibrinopeptide A levels in patients with haemophilia B following ten standard doses of D.E.F.IX (15-20 u/kg) and have been unable to document any change. Activation of the coagulation system, as previously noted, appears to be related to the use of Factor IX concentrates in high doses. PMID- 7135347 TI - On the reliability of the use of heparin immobilized on agarose for the study of the interactions among heparin, thrombin and antithrombin. AB - The extent of inhibition of thrombin was re-examined as a consequence of the sequence of addition of thrombin and antithrombin III to a column of heparin immobilized on agarose. With the use of pure enzyme, pure inhibitor, and a highly sensitive chromogenic substrate, no appreciable difference in the extent of thrombin inhibition was observed between the two sequences of addition. These observations, together with a demonstrated sensitivity of the method to variations in experimental protocol, challenge the conclusions reached in an earlier work (Hatton and Regoeczi, Thromb. Res. 1977; 10:645) which utilized this experimental approach but which employed larger quantities of reactants and a less sensitive substrate. PMID- 7135348 TI - Assessment of antithrombotic properties of sodium ibuprofen. AB - The effect of sodium ibuprofen on platelet activity in vivo and the lysability of ex vivo thrombi was investigated. The formation of a hemostatic platelet plug in the rabbit mesentery and platelet embolism as a response to a laser-induced injury in the ear chamber of rabbits were used as models for determining platelet activity. Ibuprofen at a dose of 25 mg/kg i.v. was found to increase the primary (PHT) and the total hemostatic plug formation time (THT). The same dose decreased the number of cumulative emboli over a 10 min period after a laser injury to arterioles. A dose of 10 mg/kg i.v. did not affect the formation of the hemostatic platelet plug. In dogs, doses of 10, 25 und 50 mg/kg did not enhance the release of 125I-FDP from the thrombi after incubation in plasmin, but the largest dose which is approximately five times the recommended dose in humans, did significantly decrease the thrombus weight 90 and 180 min after the drug administration. In conclusion, sodium ibuprofen was shown to have an inhibitory effect on platelet function in vivo and in large doses was also found to diminish the thrombus weight. PMID- 7135349 TI - 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha and thromboxane B2 in uterine vein blood--a possible role in menstrual bleeding. AB - The role of the haemostatic system in relation to menstrual bleeding is poorly understood. Platelet retention to glass beads and plasma concentrations of 6-oxo PGF1 alpha and thromboxane B2 were measured in uterine and peripheral venous blood obtained from 18 women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy. Concentrations of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha were significantly (p less than 0.01) higher in uterine (1.4 +/- 0.3 ng/ml, mean +/- SEM) than in peripheral vein blood (0.2 +/- 0.1 ng/ml) as was the level of thromboxane B2 (0.5 +/- 0.1 and 0.2 +/- 0.1 ng/ml, respectively). Platelet retention in uterine vein blood (11 +/- 4%) was significantly lower than in peripheral blood (42 +/- 4%; p less than 0.01) and the degree of platelet retention correlated inversely with the plasma concentration of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha (r -0.43; p less than 0.01). There was a significant rank correlation between time since menstruation and concentrations of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha in uterine (tau + 0.69; p less than 0.001) and peripheral (tau + 0.56; p less than 0.05) vein blood. The results indicate that an increased local production of prostacyclin (PGI2) relative to thromboxane A2 at the time of menstruation could contribute to the mechanism of uterine bleeding. PMID- 7135350 TI - On the interaction of heparin-containing polymers with plasma proteins and blood. AB - In vitro exper iments showed that polymeric hydrogels containing covalently immobilized heparin affect the parameters of blood clotting system. This is not accounted for by the elution of heparin into the surrounding medium and this property of heparin-containing polymers is caused by specific interaction of immobilized heparin with plasma proteins. By the methods of coagulograms and thromboelastography it was revealed that the decrease of total blood anticoagulant activity takes place due to the decrease in blood of fibrinogen, prothrombin and thrombin content and the suppression of fibrin stabilizing factor activity. Free heparin content in blood was left unaffected. It was found that plasma proteins permeate the hydrophilic polymer matrix and interact with immobilized heparin. Binding strength for immobilized heparin is decreased in the array fibrinogen congruent to thrombin much greater than plasmin greater than serum albumin. Complexes of immobilized heparin with fibrinogen, thrombin and plasmin display lytic action towards unstabilized fibrin. PMID- 7135351 TI - Preoperative blood tests in prediction of postoperative deep vein thrombosis. AB - Fifty six patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery were investigated preoperatively with tests of coagulation, platelet function and fibrinolysis. Ten patients developed postoperative deep vein thrombosis, detected by the labelled fibrinogen uptake test and confirmed by ascending phlebography. None of the tests showed a statistically significant difference between the group mean of patients who developed DVT and of those who did not. Potential discriminators were used to derive a prognostic index for prediction of patients who would develop postoperative DVT. An index based on two preoperative blood tests i.e. three hour fibrin digestion and APTT had a successful prediction rate of 59 percent. PMID- 7135352 TI - Detection of hypercoagulability by the measurement of the dynamic loss modulus of clotting blood. AB - The dynamic loss modulus of clotting whole blood was measured in thrombotic patients to characterize the physical properties of coagulation in the hypercoagulable state. The dynamic loss modulus was measured by a Sonoclot. Thrombotic patients consisted of 30 with deep vein thrombosis and 25 with arterial thrombosis. An accelerated increment rate of the dynamic loss modulus at the beginning of gelling was the characteristic of hypercoagulability. This characteristic occurred more frequently than other abnormalities in other tests for hypercoagulability (beta-thromboglobulin, antithrombin III and TEG). Only in deep vein thrombosis, a moderately positive correlation was noted between the increment rate of the dynamic loss modulus and the plasma fibrinogen level. PMID- 7135353 TI - Studies of anti-Xa activity in human plasma. II: The role of lipoproteins. AB - The major plasma inhibitor of factor Xa is thought to be anti-thrombin III (At III). However, adsorption of plasma by aluminium hydroxide (A1(OH)3) increases its rate of neutralisation 7-8 fold, and this 'fast-acting' anti-Xa activity has been shown to be independent of At III. Gel filtration of plasma indicated that the anti-Xa activity after A1(OH)3 adsorption was located largely in the high molecular weight (greater than 200,000) fractions, which contain most of the plasma lipoproteins. Purified lipoproteins of very low-density (VLDL), low density (LDL) and high density (HDL) were prepared by ultracentrifugation and their anti-Xa activities measured before and after adsorption by A1(OH)3. Both LDL and HDL had significant anti-Xa activities by clotting and amidolytic assays. A1(OH)3 adsorption of LDL and HDL gave a marked increase in anti-Xa clotting activity and a decrease in amidolytic activity. Incubation of the adsorbed lipoproteins with phospholipase enzymes destroyed the anti-Xa activity, and prior incubation of Factor Xa with Ca++ and phospholipid protected it against inactivation, indicating that the anti-Xa activity of the adsorbed lipoproteins is mediated via binding of Xa to phospholipid in the lipoproteins. These results indicate that lipoproteins, especially LDL and HDL, are responsible for the increased anti-Xa activity of plasma after A1(OH)3 adsorption. These lipoproteins appear to contain high affinity phospholipid binding sites for Xa which are revealed by A1(OH)3 adsorption. PMID- 7135354 TI - The kinetic mechanism of glutathione peroxidase from human platelets. AB - Human platelet glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) exhibits a ping-pong type kinetic mechanism. Peroxide changes the redox state of the enzyme and renders it highly stable against attack by alkylating agents. Peroxide seems also to act as a positive homotropic modulator modifying the allosteric kinetics of the enzyme. The combination of these two mechanisms accelerates response against peroxides. This finding reassesses importance of GSH-Px for the platelet protection. PMID- 7135355 TI - Selective arterial medial injury fails to produce intimal hyperplasia in experimental animals. AB - The hypothesis was tested, in rats and rabbits, that selective medial injury may lead to arterial intimal hyperplasia. Lesions were produced by passage of a micro suture through the arterial wall without penetration to the lumen, or controls in which the suture did penetrate. Vessels were examined histologically at intervals up to 2 weeks after suturing. Only vessels with penetrating sutures developed intimal hyperplasia, suggesting that medial injury alone is insufficient for the production of arteriosclerosis. PMID- 7135356 TI - Extraction and identification of human platelet integral membrane proteins using Triton X-114. PMID- 7135357 TI - Prevention of lipid induced platelet aggregation by aspirin. PMID- 7135358 TI - Enhanced platelet turnover and prostaglandin production in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - The anti-hypertensive effect of ketanserin, a selective 5-HT2 antagonist, both in experimental and human pathology (1,2) could implicate the blood platelets as a source for peripherally available 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), acting to increase peripheral vascular resistance (3). Therefore we examined various blood platelet parameters in spontaneously hypertensive rats in comparison with normotensive Wistar rats. PMID- 7135359 TI - Substitution therapy with an antithrombin III concentrate in shock and DIC. AB - In 15 patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit for shock and with signs of DIC, Antithrombin III (AT III) was substituted. Immediately after the first blood sampling, 1,000 units of AT III was given. This was followed by 500 units AT III after 24 h and after 48 h. A continuous dose of heparin of between 250 and 500 I.U./h was simultaneously given. The following results were obtained: The activity of AT III on admission of 63 +/- 19% increased to 83 +/- 17% 30 min after the initial substitution. There was a clear difference between the recovery of the substituted AT III in acute DIC and in patients in a steady state. AT III recovered in circulation was 47 +/- 15% in the former group but 83 +/- 16% in the latter cases. One unit of AT III per kg body weight increased AT III activity in circulation by 1% in acute DIC but by 1.8% in a steady state. The average half life of the substituted AT III was 4.4 +/- 1.6 h in acute DIC and was 20.2 +/- 4.1 h when the patients were in a steady state. PMID- 7135360 TI - Platelet survival in patients treated with ticlopidine following reconstructive arterial surgery. PMID- 7135361 TI - Use of the whole-blood aggregometer to study the aggregation of "giant" platelets. PMID- 7135362 TI - [A case of Q fever]. PMID- 7135363 TI - [2d-tier veterinary care? (3)]. PMID- 7135364 TI - [Tuberculosis in raptorial birds. Clinical cases and differential diagnosis]. AB - Four cases of avian tuberculosis in two goshawks (Accipiter gentilis gentilis), a lanner falcon (Falco biarmicus sp.) and a kestrel (Falco tinnunculus tinnunculus) are reported. All birds, except for the kestrel, were affected with generalized tuberculosis. Clinically, the lanner falcon and kestrel showed lameness due to tuberculous arthritis of a knee joint. One of the goshawks died suddenly. On post mortem examination, the bird was found to be emaciated, and there was involvement of one knee joint. The other goshawk showed convulsive seizures for three weeks before she died. Histological examination revealed tuberculous meningitis and encephalitis. The diagnosis was based on the detection of acid-fast organisms in every case and was verified in three cases by cultures of the causative organism. Tuberculosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of emaciation, lameness, arthritis, skin lesions, convulsions and frounce in raptors. PMID- 7135365 TI - [Egg retention in a turtle]. PMID- 7135366 TI - [Triploidy as a possible cause of intersexuality in chickens (Gallus domesticus)]. AB - A number of cases of intersexuality occurred in a fairly large number of cases in 6-8 months-old laying hens on two poultry farms in the province of Limburg. When macroscopic and microscopic studies failed to supply any evidence concerning the cause of the considerable development of the right gonad, it was decided to do a chromosome analysis. Three intersexes in which the chromosomes were studied, were found to be triploid birds showing a ZZW sex chromosome combination, which aberration may have been the cause of the intersexuality observed. PMID- 7135368 TI - [A structure for the veterinary care of pets]. PMID- 7135367 TI - [Preliminary communication. Applicability of the Welsh breed in Dutch pig breeding]. AB - An experimental cross-breeding scheme using Welsh Pigs in the 'Gemert District' integrated group is described in this preliminary communication. This experiment was carried out to examine whether it would be possible to produce F1 sows (Welsh x Dutch Landrace), the longevity of which was superior to that of the current Great Yorkshire (GY) crossed with the Dutch Landrace (NL) when the Welsh breed was used, unaccompanied by any loss of performance among the offspring. F1 animals having Welsh blood included a larger proportion of halothane-positive pigs than did the GY x NL cross-bred animals. In addition, animals crossed with those of the Welsh breed showed increased back-fat depth. However, this would appear to be of minor importance as these F1 animals, mated with GY boars, produced fattening piglets, the carcass qualities of which were equivalent to those GY x (GY x NL) animals. The growth rates of animals having Welsh blood would seem to be even more satisfactory. A definite conclusion regarding longevity cannot be reached at this stage as the findings concerning the majority of animals were recorded up to and including the third litter. The studies are being continued in order ultimately to arrive at more definite and more justified conclusions. PMID- 7135369 TI - [Massive cat mortality caused by disinfection of cages with Lyorthol?]. PMID- 7135370 TI - [Zinc poisoning in foals]. PMID- 7135371 TI - [Ringworm in cattle]. PMID- 7135372 TI - [2d tier veterinary care? (7). Hospitals - 2d tier veterinary care - health costs insurance]. PMID- 7135373 TI - [Computerized tomography of the head in tuberculous meningitis]. PMID- 7135374 TI - [Congenital syphilis: a forgotten disease]. PMID- 7135375 TI - [Intelligence and concentration capacity in children with leukemia and their adaptation to school]. AB - In this study we test the hypothesis that children, suffering from acute lymphatic leukaemia (ALL) have more concentration problems, a lower intellectual capacity and more adjustment problems at school. The study deals only with those children whose ALL had been diagnosed at least three years before. Standardized tests have been given to fourteen children (aged 6-12), being treated or checked by the Children's Oncology Center of Amsterdam. Teachers were given a questionnaire and a written interview. Parents were interviewed orally. Scores on tests and questionnaire were compared with scores from norm groups. The study's most important results are: these children with ALL have a low concentration capacity, some adjustment problems at school (withdrawn behavior), but intellectually they don't function at a lower level. PMID- 7135376 TI - [Cleft lip and palate and partial hypophyseal disorders in an infant]. PMID- 7135377 TI - [Modern endoscopic technics for the study of the upper airways in children]. PMID- 7135378 TI - Neonatal meningitis due to Enterobacter sakazakii. PMID- 7135379 TI - [A newborn infant with the xxxxy-syndrome]. AB - In a three weeks old infant with dysmorphic features a 49, XXXXY karyotype was demonstrated from chromosome preparations of lymphocytes. In the literature only a few newborn infants have been described with this syndrome. The most frequent symptoms of the syndrome in older patients are mental retardation, dysmorphic signs, hypogonadism and skeletal malformations. In our patient we found a low birth weight, a peculiar facies, in addition to a patent ductus arteriosus, a scoliosis and normal external genitals. The most typical skeletal malformations may develop at a more advanced age. PMID- 7135380 TI - [Mechanisms and significance of bronchial sensitivity in children]. PMID- 7135381 TI - [Surgical aspects of necrotizing enterocolitis]. AB - Between January 1980 and December 1981 13 babies were admitted to the Pediatric Surgical Department of Nijmegen, The Netherlands because of necrotizing enterocolitis or its complications. Two patients underwent surgical exploration, but had no bowel necrosis. One of them recovered and the other had to be operated later on because of ileal stenosis. Two patients had resection of necrotic bowel and a primary anastomosis. One survived and one died. Five patients with perforation of the gut underwent resection and ileostomy. Two of them developed a colonic stricture later on that had to be resected. In all five the ileostomy was closed after recovery. Four patients, who were treated conservatively elsewhere, developed bowel stricture. In three of them after resection a primary anastomosis was done. One had a colostomy after resection, that was closed later on. PMID- 7135382 TI - [Severe anemia caused by transient erythroblastopenia in young children]. AB - In the period 1975-1981 seventeen patients aged from 4 to 30 months were seen with transient normochromic, normocytic anemia and reticulocytopenia caused by erythroblastopenia. The majority of the cases (12/17) were seen in autumn and winter. In 16 of the patients bone marrow aspirates were obtained; they showed erythroblastopenia. In 7 cases we observed young lymphoid cells, which suggested the diagnosis of leukemia. Distinguishing features of congenital hypoplastic anemia and transient erythroblastopenia of childhood are compared. Except for blood transfusion, therapy e.g. corticosteroids is not necessary in transient erythroblastopenia of childhood. Spontaneous recovery is a diagnostic feature, contrasting with congenital hypoplastic anemia. PMID- 7135383 TI - The distribution of HLA haplotypes in families with one untyped parent. AB - For non-Mendelian diseases, the distribution of shared haplotypes in multiplex sibships provides a powerful tool to investigate the hypothesis that disease susceptibility genes map in the neighborhood of the HLA complex. Occasionally, ambiguous sibships arise because all offspring inherit an HLA haplotype that is identical in state from an untyped parent. The scoring procedure developed here uses the population frequency of the haplotype as well as the sibship size to estimate the probability that, with respect to the untyped parent, all sibs are identical by descent. The resulting score from an ambiguous sibship can then be combined with scores from unambiguous sibships to form the statistic suggested by Green & Woodrow. It is shown that failure to include this type of ambiguous sibship may result in a significant loss of information. PMID- 7135384 TI - The HLA antigens in Indian Hindus. PMID- 7135385 TI - Cutaneous penetration of some hairdyes in the hairless rat. AB - The cutaneous penetration of certain number of oxidation dyestuffs for hair [p aminophenol, 2,4-diaminoanisole, 2,4-diaminophenoxyethanol, resorcinol, 3 acetylamino-2,6-dimethylphenol and the indamine: N-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-3-amino-6 methylbenzoquinoneimine], either alone or when formulated with other dyestuffs, and under various experimental conditions, has been evaluated in the hairless rat using C14 labeled molecules. It has been found that: Dyestuffs having indamine structures, formed by oxidation of their precursors (bases, couplers), for all practical purposes do not cross the cutaneous barrier. No fixation of those dyestuffs investigated (resorcinol, 2,4-diaminoanisole, 2,4 diaminophenoxyethanol) which do pass through the cutaneous barrier is found in either liver or thyroid of the experimental animals, 4 days after their topical application. The amount of the hairdye 3-acetylamino-2,6-dimethylphenol which penetrates the cutaneous barrier is constant for quantities of hairdye solution greater than or equal to 20 mg/cm2 of skin. The type and composition of the excipient used in the formulation of hairdyes plays an important role in their penetration. PMID- 7135386 TI - [Toxic effects of nitrosamines with respect to marine organisms]. AB - Nitrosamins present in the aquatic medium are considered as carcinogenic substances to the laboratory animals. This experimentation has for object to precise toxicity effects of the nitroso-compounds: nitrosodimethyllamine (NDMA) on two phytoplankton cultures, and on the common mussels. The addition of NDMA to the seawater of aquarium, in particular experimental conditions induces toxicity effects on the growth and behavior of phytoplanktonic cultures and of the common mussels: Mytilus edulis (tissus modification, and attack of some organs). PMID- 7135387 TI - [Kinetics of the in vitro dissolution of cadmium oxide particles in human plasma and cadmium binding to plasma proteins--effect of chelating agents]. AB - The solubility in biological liquids of particles which penetrate as far as alveolar compartment, has a determinant influence on their absorption into the blood stream. The experiments conducted in vitro have enabled cadmium oxide dissolution parameters in human plasma at 37 degrees C to be calculated, as well as cadmium dissolved concentration according to time and cadmium particle level, initial dissolution rate and dissolved cadmium concentration at saturation. The smaller the particles, the quicker they dissolve. Dissolved cadmium is distributed between diffusible cadmium (2%) and cadmium binding proteins (98%) chiefly in albumin and IgA. The cadmium binding protein fraction can be mobilized by chelating agents. In vitro studies allow the determination of mobilized cadmium fraction according to time. The calco sodic salt of ethylen diaminotetraacetic acid and N-acetyl-DL penicillamine are the most energetic compounds, compared to meso 2,3 dimercaptosuccinic acid, and 2,3 dimercapto-1 propan sulfonic acid. PMID- 7135388 TI - [Human allergic hypersensitivity and chemical residues in food]. AB - Chemical and immunological basis of hypersensitivity reactions to low molecular weight substances are recalled. Then the authors give examples of directly reactive chemicals as penicillins and some antineoplastic drugs. The possible role of reactive impurities as penicillins and aspirin is also reminded. It is emphazised that some substances induce allergic reactions through their metabolites: such reactions are mostly unforeseeable. The second part of the paper recalls the main clinical manifestations of these allergic hypersensitivity reactions to chemical residues in food. It is finally emphazised that the datas from animal experiments and epidemiological studies could allow a classification of chemical substances according to their potential risk. This would be of great importance to determine which substances may be authorized in food stuffs and/or to specify the maximum allowable concentrations. PMID- 7135389 TI - [Value of the study of trigeminal nerve evoked potentials in chronic trichloroethylene poisoning. Preliminary results]. AB - Results of a study concerning the trigeminal nerve impairment as the one caused by trichlorethylene chronic intoxication by somatosensory evoked potential reveal three kinds of anomalies: increase of the stimulation voltage, excessive latency delay with morphological anomalies and excessive graph amplitude. These anomalies confirm clinical disturbance (hypoesthesia in the trigeminal area) and open a debate about the real mechanism of the trichlorethylene neurotoxicity. PMID- 7135390 TI - [Acute nadoxolol poisoning. A multicentric study of 35 cases]. AB - Between 1976 and 1980, 35 cases of nadoxolol poisoning were collected from french antipoison centers. Acute intoxication was voluntary (50%) or accidental (50%). The ingested dose ranged between 0,25 and 22,5 g. Clinical symptoms appeared three hours after ingestion and consisted of cardio-vascular disorders which were present in 10 patients: bradycardia (7 cases), cardiogenic shock (6 cases), intraventricular block (5 cases), increase of P.R. interval (4 cases) and Q.T. interval (3 cases). The toxic dose in otherwise healthy adults was 5 g. The treatment consisted of gastric lavage and correction of cardiovascular disorders with sodium lactate (4 cases) or dopamine (1 case). All the patients recovered. PMID- 7135391 TI - Inhalation carcinogenicity bioassay of vinyl bromide in rats. PMID- 7135392 TI - Studies on the effects of L-ascorbic acid on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. II. An in vivo assessment in mice of the protection afforded by various dosage forms of ascorbate. PMID- 7135393 TI - The hematotoxic effects of inhaled benzene on peripheral blood, bone marrow, and spleen cells are increased by ingested ethanol. PMID- 7135394 TI - Studies on the deposition and distribution of catechol from whole cigarette smoke in BC3F1/Cum mice. PMID- 7135395 TI - Modulation of pulmonary p-nitroanisole O-demethylase by intratracheally instilled heavy metal salts. PMID- 7135396 TI - Congenital malformations induced by infusion of sodium cyanide in the golden hamster. PMID- 7135397 TI - Teratology study in Fischer 344 rats exposed to ethylene oxide by inhalation. PMID- 7135398 TI - Metabolism and disposition of morphine in the rat, hamster, and guinea pig. PMID- 7135399 TI - Toxicity of free and liposome-encapsulated adriamycin following large volume, short-term intraperitoneal exposure in the rat. PMID- 7135400 TI - Dose-response relationships in 1,3-butanediol-induced potentiation of carbon tetrachloride toxicity. PMID- 7135401 TI - Bone marrow toxicity in vitro of chloramphenicol and its metabolites. PMID- 7135402 TI - Effect of pyrethroids on [3H]kainic acid binding to mouse forebrain membranes. PMID- 7135403 TI - The effect of application frequency on epidermal carcinogenesis assays. AB - Classic mouse skin-painting assays of such highly-complex mixtures as petroleums and synthetic fuels may lead to severe local cytotoxic effects that can alter tumorigenesis. This effect can be particularly disruptive in dose-response studies where a wide range of doses is employed. The experiments described here illustrate that frequency of exposure may be more important than the concentration of individual doses. C3Hf/Bd mice were exposed to 2 shale oils in experiments in which a constant weekly dose was either applied once or divided into 2 or 4 equal parts and applied either twice or 4 times each week. In experiments with either oil, a single weekly application was more effective in total tumor production and less cytotoxic than more frequent application of less concentrated doses. PMID- 7135404 TI - Deposition pattern of the antifertility agent, gossypol, in selected organs of male rats. AB - Male rats received daily, oral doses of gossypol-acetate (40 mg/kg body wt) for 2, 4, or 8 weeks to determine patterns of gossypol deposition in the spleen, liver, heart, kidneys, lungs, and testes during establishment of a gossypol induced infertility. Infertility was exhibited at the end of the 4-week dosing period. Free and bound gossypol accumulated in all of the organs. PMID- 7135405 TI - Induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in cultured human lymphocytes. AB - Lymphocytes from a non-cancer population (203) of non-smokers, former smokers and smokers were cultured in vitro and assayed for basal and induced AHH activity. A wide range of AHH activities was measured, but there was no indication of separate groups in the distributions of the activities or inducibility. However, smoking slightly increased the basal AHH activity and significantly decreased the inducibility. AHH activity was dependent on the age of the donor, on the season, and correlated with lymphocyte stimulation by mitogens. A lung-cancer population (49 persons) was also tested. They were all smokers, but gave results that were more like those of non-cancer non-smokers, except for the fact that 37% of them gave a basal AHH activity that was too low to be measured, compared to 16% of the non-cancer persons. The observations that many factors, such as season, age and even smoking, affect the AHH activity necessitate a careful control of conditions for the study of the association between AHH inducibility in human lymphocytes and lung cancer. As cancer itself may also have an effect such a study should be done as a prospective study of a selected population. PMID- 7135406 TI - Neonatal toxicity in rats following in utero exposure to chlorphentermine or phentermine. AB - The administration of chlorphentermine (30 mg/kg) to pregnant rats during the last 5 days of gestation resulted in the development of a phospholipidosis in the lungs of the dams. The disorder developed in utero, as the phospholipidosis was evident in the lungs of the neonates when examined at 12 h postpartum. In contrast, a phospholipidosis was not observed in the lungs of the dams or neonates following phentermine treatment (30 mg/kg). Concurrently, neonates of the chlorphentermine-treated dams displayed a significant decrease in body weight in comparison to controls. Between 16 h and 24 h postpartum, 83% of the neonates of chlorphentermine-treated dams died. Cross-fostering and starvation experiments revealed that the lethality was not due to aberrant maternal behavior by the chlorphentermine-treated dams or malnutrition of the neonates. Histological examinations revealed endothelial and septal alterations in the lungs of neonates from chlorphentermine-treated dams. No signs of toxicity, as evidenced by the maintenance of body weight, or lethality were observed in the neonates of the phentermine-treated dams. PMID- 7135407 TI - Formaldehyde and tumors in hamster respiratory tract. AB - Male Syrian golden hamsters were exposed to 10 ppm of formaldehyde (H2CO) 5 times/week for lifetime. Survival of the treated animals was reduced relative to unexposed controls. No tumors were observed in histologic sections of respiratory tract tissues from either unexposed or treated animals. Only a minimal increase in hyperplastic and metaplastic areas was observed in nasal epithelium of exposed animals. However, there was evidence that H2CO could serve as a cofactor in the incidence of respiratory tumors induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Animals were exposed once per week to 30 ppm H2CO (5 h/day) for lifetime. No tumors were observed in the respiratory tract of the H2CO-only control group exposed to this regimen. Hamsters receiving exposures to H2CO at 2 days prior to each of 10 weekly DEN injections had a higher number of tracheal tumors/tumor-bearing animal at autopsy than those receiving DEN alone. PMID- 7135408 TI - Hexadecane enhances non-biliary, intestinal excretion of stored hexachlorobenzene by rats. AB - [14C]Hexachlorobenzene (100 mg/kg) was orally administered to 4 groups of rats. Ten days later the effects of hexadecane (3 x 5 ml/kg by gavage) and/or bile duct ligation on urinary and fecal excretion and tissue levels of hexachlorobenzene were examined. Hexadecane did not affect urinary excretion of hexachlorobenzene, whereas bile duct ligation tripled it. Each of the 3 treatments (n-hexadecane, bile duct ligation and the combination of the two) resulted in a significant increase in fecal excretion of hexachlorobenzene. Moreover, the combination of hexadecane and bile duct ligation produced a greater increase in fecal excretion of hexachlorobenzene than either treatment alone. Concentrations of hexachlorobenzene in blood, fat and kidney were not affected by any of the treatments, but liver concentrations were reduced significantly by bile duct ligation. Concentrations of hexachlorobenzene in intestinal contents indicate that intestinal-wall passage is the primary route of elimination from the body and that enhancement of elimination occurs mostly distal to the jejunum. PMID- 7135409 TI - Uptake of chromium by rat liver mitochondria. AB - Isolated rat liver mitochondria rapidly accumulate chromate (1.2 microM 51CrO4(2 )) to about 0.25-0.30 nmol Cr/mg protein. The relative uptake decreases with increasing chromate doses. Chromate uptake decreases when pH is raised from 7.0 to 7.5.N-ethylmaleimide (0.25 mM) and butylmalonate (5 mM) inhibit chromate uptake to 70% and 30% of control values, respectively, whereas mersalyl (40 nmol/mg protein) causes an inhibition of greater than 95%. Both sulphate and phosphate decrease mitochondrial chromate uptake, the former being more effective in lower doses (5 mM). These results indicate that transport of chromate is mediated both on the dicarboxylate and the phosphate carrier. The extensive mitochondrial chromium accumulation can be explained by trapping of chromium, probably by reduction of chromate to the trivalent form, within the mitochondria. Release of chromium after chromate loading was seen after 15 min. Added after chromate loading, mersalyl partly prevents this release. Trivalent chromium as 51CrCl3 is taken up to a much lower degree than hexavalent chromium as 51CrO4(2 ). The presence of glutathione (5 mM) reduces the uptake both of 51Cr-III and 51Cr-VI, indicating extramitochondrial reduction of Cr-VI to Cr-III and subsequent binding to GSH. PMID- 7135410 TI - Preparation and properties of primary maintenance cultures of adult rabbit hepatocytes. AB - Static and rotary cultures of adult rabbit hepatocytes can be produced reproducibly following their isolation by means of a simplified, inexpensive recycling perfusion system. Light and electron microscopic examination of the cultures showed that these hepatocytes retained the morphological characteristics of fully differentiated hepatic parenchymal cells for up to 5 days in static culture and for up to 10 days in rotary culture, after which time they progressively degenerated and were replaced by other cell types. These hepatocytes exhibit several major metabolic functions characteristic of liver in vivo, including bromsulphthalein uptake, albumin synthesis, bilirubin conjugation, lipid synthesis, urea production and responsiveness to insulin. The xenobiotic metabolising capability of the cultured hepatocytes was much more stable than that of rat hepatocytes and the mixed function oxidase activity was typical of cytochrome P-450, rather than cytochrome P-448 as indicated by the metabolite profiles of biphenyl, aminopyrine, ethylmorphine, benzo[a]pyrene and 7 ethoxycoumarin. Treatment with phenobarbitone led to drug metabolising enzyme induction: SKF525A and alpha-naphthoflavone were effective inhibitors of drug metabolising activity. PMID- 7135411 TI - Carcinogenicity study of the pesticide maleic hydrazide in mice. AB - The carcinogenicity of the pesticide maleic hydrazide (MH) was studied in C57BL/B6 mice. After subcutaneous (s.c.) administration no significant increase in the incidence of liver-cell tumours was seen over that in solvent-treated controls, and although a statistically significant difference in the incidence of liver-cell tumours was observed between treated and untreated males, this was considered biologically inadequate as evidence of carcinogenic effect. When MH was administered orally, no significant increase in the incidence of liver-cell tumours was seen. These results partially confirm the negative finding of a recent parallel study in rats [1]. PMID- 7135412 TI - Dopamine and norepinephrine turnover in various regions of the rat brain after chronic manganese chloride administration. AB - Rats were treated with MnCl2 X 4H2O (1 mg/100 g/day, i.p.) for a period of 4 months. The turnover of dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) was measured in several brain regions (brain stem, hypothalamus, corpus striatum and "rest of the brain") by the decay in endogenous DA and NE after inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase by alpha-methylparatyrosine. Monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and manganese levels were also estimated. Manganese treatment produced a decrease in DA level and turnover in the corpus striatum but not in the rest of the brain. An increase in contents of NE was observed both in the brain stem and hypothalamus. NE turnover was found to be increased in the brain stem, decreased in the hypothalamus and unaltered in the rest of the brain. MAO activity was not significantly altered in all the brain regions studied. These results which show that chronic administration of manganese may cause regionally different changes in catecholamine turnover were discussed in relation to the accumulation of manganese in the brain regions and to other metabolic changes associated with manganese toxicity. PMID- 7135413 TI - Effects of an extract from the sea squirt Ecteinascidia turbinata on DNA synthesis and excision repair in human fibroblasts. AB - An aqueous ethanol extract from the marine tunicate species Ecteinascidia turbinata was studied to determine its effect on semiconservative DNA synthesis in human skin fibroblast cultures as measured by [3H] thymidine uptake in acid insoluble cell fractions. In addition, the effect of this extract on DNA excision repair in ultraviolet light (254 nm) irradiated fibroblasts was measured by the bromodeoxyuridine photolysis assay, thymine dimer chromatography, and DNA single strand break analysis on alkaline sucrose gradients. An extract concentration of 0.5 mg/ml resulted in 91 and 98% reductions in cell growth and DNA synthesis, respectively, after 20 hr. An extract concentration of 3.0 mg/ml resulted in a 44% reduction in excision repair in ultraviolet-irradiated cells over a 6 hr repair period; this was reduced to 26% after 24 hr of repair, and to 15% after 48 hr. Repair inhibition was accompanied by an accumulation of single-strand DNA breaks which was enhanced by the addition of 2 mM hydroxyurea. These results are discussed with respect to a mechanism of action of the marine tunicate extract at the level of DNA polymerases and are contrasted with previously studied inhibitory mechanisms of arabinofuranosyl nucleosides. PMID- 7135414 TI - Isolation and amino acid sequence of caudoxin, a presynaptic acting toxic phospholipase A2 from the venom of the horned puff adder (Bitis caudalis). AB - A presynaptic acting toxic phospholipase A2, designated caudoxin, was purified from the venom of Bitis caudalis by a combination of gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. The specificity of the enzyme was shown to be of the A2 type. The enzyme contains 121 amino acid residues in a single chain and is cross linked by seven disulfide bridges. Application of cyanogen bromide cleavage and digestion with trypsin and chymotrypsin yielded peptides providing the necessary overlaps to complete derivation of the sequence. Structural features of caudoxin in relation to other toxic and non-toxic phospholipases A2 are discussed. PMID- 7135415 TI - Purification and pharmacological characterization of a cardiotoxin-like protein from Formosan banded krait (Bungarus multicinctus) venom. AB - By ion exchange chromatography followed by gel filtration, a polypeptide toxin was purified from Formosan banded krait (Bungarus multicinctus) venom. The toxin had a molecular weight of 7000 +/- 300 and showed an amino acid composition characteristic of cardiotoxin from cobra venom. The i.p. LD50 value of the toxin was 2.5 (1.9-3.2) mg per kg mouse. Pharmacological studies showed that the toxin (10 micrograms/ml) induced contracture in chick and mouse skeletal muscles, depolarized the cell membrane of the mouse diaphragm, arrested the contraction of spontaneously beating atria and the electrically driven ventricle strip of the rat, and caused direct hemolysis of guinea-pig erythrocytes. From these chemical and pharmacological characterizations it was concluded that this toxin has characteristics similar to those of cobra venom cardiotoxins. PMID- 7135416 TI - Damage in vitro to various organs and tissues by rubescenslysin from the edible mushroom Amanita rubescens. AB - Rubescenslysin, a haemolytic protein from Amanita rubescens, disrupted the cytoplasmic membrane of human leucocytes which were more sensitive than erythrocytes. In the isolated hearts of rats and guinea pigs it caused systolic contracture, which was preceded by potassium outflow and sometimes by a transient positive inotropic effect. On the electrically stimulated guinea-pig left atrium it showed at first a positive, followed by a negative inotropic effect; on the spontaneously beating right atrium it produced transient positive followed by negative inotropic and chronotropic effects. Atria were less sensitive than intact hearts. In the isolated rat phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation it produced a contracture, which was associated with reduction of indirect and direct contractility. In the isolated guinea-pig ileum it produced a slow contraction followed by tachyphylaxis. As excitability declined due to rubescenslysin, so did excitability by acetylcholine and potassium. Atropine and pheniramine had only feeble antagonistic effects, but papaverine was more powerful. In isolated rat hepatocytes, rubescenslysin caused a rapid outflow of potassium and coarse cell protrusions while later the cells became stainable with trypan blue. In the isolated perfused rat liver it produced a rapid outflow of potassium and of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial enzymes, and a somewhat slower outflow of lysosomal beta-glucuronidase, accompanied by a rise in the lactate/pyruvate ratio and a decrease in bile production. In the isolated perfused rat kidney it caused an outflow of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial enzymes, together with massive proteinuria and serious restriction of sodium and potassium reabsorption and of urine output. In all the tissues investigated the effects of rubescenslysin began within a few min, were dose-dependent and practically irreversible. There were only minor differences in sensitivity between various organs and species. The observations indicate that the toxin is relatively nonspecific in its attack on components of cell membranes. PMID- 7135417 TI - Biochemical effects of the plant Lantana camara on guinea pig liver mitochondria. AB - Lantana camara caused, in guinea pigs, a decrease in hepatic mitochondrial protein content. The phospholipid to protein ratio did not change but there was a marked increase in the cholesterol to protein ratio and the cholesterol to phospholipid ratio. Enzyme activities of succinic dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase and Mg2+-ATPase increased, while the activity of NADH-ferricyanide reductase remained unaffected. Mitochondrial swelling, in the absence or presence of ascorbic acid, decreased in hepatic mitochondria from lantana-intoxicated guinea pigs. PMID- 7135418 TI - Effects of Loxosceles laeta spider venom on blood coagulation. AB - The hematologic effects of intradermal injection of Loxosceles laeta venom in rabbits were studied with special reference to partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, platelet count and fibrinogen-fibrin degradation products. The in vitro effect of Loxesceles laeta venom on human platelet aggregation was also studied. Fibrinogen and platelet count decreased and fibrinogen-fibrin degradation products increased at 12 hr. PMID- 7135419 TI - Effect of a scorpion (Leiurus quinquestriatus H and E) venom on blood gases and acid-base balance in the rat. AB - Leiurus quinquestriatus crude venom caused metabolic alkalosis which was partially compensated by respiratory acidosis. Fraction 1 of the venom caused metabolic and respiratory acidosis. The other fractions caused metabolic alkalosis with various degrees of compensation by respiratory acidosis. Fraction 1 caused a marked decrease in blood pH. Hypoxia seemed to be an important contributing factor for this change. Sodium levels decreased while potassium levels increased in the plasma. PMID- 7135420 TI - The role of corticosterone in cadmium-induced thymic atrophy in mice. AB - Serum corticosterone levels were determined at intervals after i.p. injection of 1.8 mg cadmium (Cd)/kg body weight. Thymus weight decreased significantly 3 days after injection. The effect of Cd injection on serum corticosterone levels was almost indistinguishable from that of saline injection. Further, Cd-induced thymic atrophy was observed in adrenalectomized mice as well as in sham-operated ones. These results suggest that corticosteroid effect is not essential for the induction of thymic atrophy by Cd. PMID- 7135421 TI - Transplacental passage of dichloromethane and carbon monoxide. AB - Maternal blood dichloromethane concentrations were higher than fetal blood dichloromethane concentrations and maternal and fetal blood carbon monoxide concentrations were the same in pregnant rats exposed to 500 ppm of dichloromethane. Fetal blood carbon monoxide concentrations were higher than maternal blood carbon monoxide concentrations in pregnant rats exposed to 20 ppm of carbon monoxide. These results show that maternal exposure to dichloromethane is accompanied by fetal exposure to both dichloromethane and carbon monoxide. PMID- 7135422 TI - Evaluation of ocular irritancy potential: intralaboratory variability and effect of dosage volume. AB - A series of 7 compounds was evaluated for ocular irritancy potential in the rabbit eye when applied at volumes of 100 microliters (1 material) or 10 microliters (7 materials). All of the materials had been rated for ocular irritancy in previous tests and ranged in efficacy from mild to corrosive. Eyes were examined by two independent readers for up to 21 days post-dosing and evaluated by the Draize system. Only differences among rabbits were found to contribute to the observed variability of the scores obtained. Also, a dose effect relationship was clearly discernable in terms of both duration of effect and maximal score. When these materials were tested at 10 microliters, the rank correlation of severity was not changed. Therefore, reducing the volume of test material instilled into the rabbit eye moderates the response without compromising test sensitivity. PMID- 7135423 TI - Extracellular requirements for the endocytosis of carcinogenic crystalline nickel sulfide particles by facultative phagocytes. AB - Various culture medium components were examined for their effect upon the phagocytosis of carcinogenic crystalline and non-carcinogenic amorphous NiS by cultured fibroblastic cells using both a visual and radioactive assay for phagocytosis. Crystalline NiS was phagocytosed by cells in a simple salts/glucose maintenance medium to an extent similar to that observed in complex culture medium fortified with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), suggesting that serum proteins and other components in complex culture medium exert little influence upon the uptake of these heavy metal particles. Phagocytosis of crystalline NiS was shown to be highly dependent upon Ca2+ since omission of Ca2+ from the salts/glucose medium substantially reduced phagocytosis, while readdition of Ca2+ stimulated uptake in a concentration-dependent manner. The uptake of the NiS particles was inhibited by trifluoperazine, a calmodulin antagonist, implicating intracellular Ca2+ in this phagocytosis process. Since the opposite surface charge of crystalline and amorphous NiS has been related to their different phagocytic uptake by cells whose primary function is not phagocytosis (facultative phagocytes), these results show that the culture medium components do not modify the surface charge of these particles in a way that significantly influences their uptake. PMID- 7135424 TI - Alterations in the rat kidney associated with sodium saccharin feeding. AB - Sodium saccharin has previously been demonstrated to induce hyperplasia and tumors of the urothelium of the rat urinary bladder. It was fed as 5% of the diet to male F344 rats for 2 years. In the present experiment, mild simple hyperplasia of the urinary bladder epithelium was again frequently observed, and a marked nodular and papillary hyperplasia of the urothelium of the kidney pelvis was also found in approximately half of the sodium saccharin-fed rats. This was infrequently associated with focal calcification of the renal papilla and pelvis. In contrast, rats fed sodium saccharin had a significantly reduced incidence of the interstitial nephritis frequently observed in older rats. No significant incidence was observed of lesions of tissues other than those of the urinary tract. PMID- 7135425 TI - The effect of ethanol administration on renal and hepatic mixed-function oxidases in the Fischer 344 rat. AB - Administration of ethanol in the drinking water increases hepatic cytochrome P 450 content and xenobiotic metabolism. However, the effect on renal xenobiotic metabolism has not been investigated. Chronic consumption of ethanol (15% solution in the drinking water) increased hepatic cytochrome P-450 content as well as ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase, aniline hydroxylase and benzphetamine-N demethylase activities. No change in renal cytochrome P-450 was detected after chronic ethanol consumption whereas ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase activity in renal microsomes was significantly increased. PMID- 7135427 TI - Digital counter tallys number of tissue sections cut and recycles at selectable intervals. AB - A digital counter is described for use on any microtome. The counter performs three independent functions: 1) a cumulative count is maintained, 2) a second interval counter recycles each time a preselected number of sections are cut, and 3) a third rounds counter records the number of times the interval counter recycles and also recycles at selected intervals. The digital counter activates relays when recycling and can control motorized microtomes during serial sectioning. PMID- 7135428 TI - Design and synthesis of new reactive fluorescent dyes for cytofluorometry. AB - Our purpose has been to synthesize reactive fluorescent compounds with different excitation and/or emission spectra that can be used for multiple fluorescence analysis in combination with the "natural" cell fluorescence exhibited by reduced coenzyme (NAD(P)H) or flavins. Synthesis of condensation products of p-bis(2 chloroethyl)-amino-benzaldehyde is described. Their absorption spectra range from 360 to 480 nm and their emission spectra lie between 520 and 590 mm. Examples of cytological applications are given. PMID- 7135426 TI - Effect of endosulfan and quinalphos on intestinal absorption of glucose in the freshwater murrel, Channa punctatus. AB - The effect of four concentrations of two agricultural pesticides, endosulfan and quinalphos (100 ppm, 10 ppm, 1 ppm, 0.1 ppm) on the rate of uptake of glucose by the intestine of a teleost fish, Channa punctatus after 1 h at 23 degrees C has been studied. The rate of absorption of glucose by the intestine was also examined in fish exposed to LC50 for 96 h (endosulfan 2 micrograms/l, quinalphos 0.25 mg/l) and to a sublethal concentration of the two pesticides for 15 and 30 days by bath. All the four concentrations of the two pesticides decreased the rate of intestinal glucose transport. Increase in the concentration of the pesticides decreased the uptake of glucose to a greater extent but the decrease was not proportional to the increase in the concentration of the pesticides. The rate of glucose absorption was also reduced by exposure of fish to the pesticides by bath. The decrease in intestinal glucose transport was greater in fish exposed for 96 h than after either 15 or 30 days. Of the two pesticides, endosulfan was more effective in reducing the glucose transport rate. PMID- 7135429 TI - Cytochemical method to localize acidic nuclear proteins. AB - Fast green FCF was used to localize acidic nuclear proteins in sections of young flower buds of Limnophyton obtusifolium (L.) Miq. After extracting nucleic acids, the slides were stained at hydrogen ion concentrations ranging from pH 2.6 to 9.0. At pH 5.0 and 8.0 staining is confined to the nucleus with no cytoplasmic reaction. Staining intensity is greater at pH 5.0 than at pH 8.0. The proteins responding to fast green at pH 8.0 are basic proteins. The positive reaction at pH 5.0 is attributed to acidic nuclear proteins. These findings are confirmed by control preparations. Acetylated slides and slides treated with 0.25 N HCl were unstained at pH 8.0 but staining at pH 5.0 was undisturbed. Dilute alkali (0.003 N NaOH) reduced staining intensity at pH 5.0 but had no effect at pH 8.0. Methylated slides did not stain at pH 5.0, but at pH 8.0 staining was unaffected. Deamination blocked staining at both pH's. It is concluded that fast green at pH 5.0 specifically binds with acidic nuclear proteins. PMID- 7135430 TI - An improved technique for preparing polycationic ferritin derivatives. AB - Cationized ferritin molecules, which are positively charged at physiological pH, can be used as a cytochemical marker to visualize negatively charged groups over cell surfaces. The preparation of cationized ferritin, however, is hampered by irreversible aggregation of the ferritins and by poor reproducibility of pI values. In this report we describe an improved method which allows production of ferritin derivatives with different pI values. An elaborate protocol for the preparation of cationized ferritin is given as well as a table for the adjustment of their pI values to between 4.5--10.0. PMID- 7135431 TI - A simple method for fabricating inexpensive storage boxes for 6.35 mm-thick glass knives. PMID- 7135432 TI - A microtome section counter. PMID- 7135433 TI - The use of stomach cytase from the water snail Pila globosa in root tip squashes of ferns. PMID- 7135434 TI - Chromosome preparation from planarian blastemas: a procedure suitable for cytogenetic and cytochemical studies. PMID- 7135435 TI - [Risk of infection by iatrogenic asplenia--a study about the indication of exploratory laparotomy with splenectomy (LS) in case of Hodgkin's disease]. AB - A retrospective evaluation of the data of all patients with Hodgkin's disease (collective of Freiburg) treated between 1964 and 1977 was made in order to find out if there was an increased risk of infection after a diagnostic laparotomy with splenectomy (LS). Among a total number of 592 patients, 277 had been submitted to LS (since 1969). 185 patients had a total remission, 130 of them after primary LS, 34 after secondary LS, and 21 without any treatment of the spleen. An inquiry conducted by means of a questionnaire showed no differences between the compared groups as to the frequency of not septic infections such as pulmonary tuberculosis, angina tonsillaris, pyodermia, sinusitis, complications in wound healing, urinary tract infections, and infections of the intestine. However, there was a significant increase of unspecific pneumonias and herpes zoster manifestations after (long-term observation) secondary LS. There were no differences regarding the frequency of febrile and not febrile colds, but after LS, the colds had a longer and more severe course.--The analysis of the cause of death in the 277 patients who died showed a lethal septicaemia in seven cases. All these patients had been submitted to LS. In three of these patients, a recurrence was proved or could not be excluded, four presented as total remission with respect to Hodgkin's disease.--These results and the communications of literature permit to conclude that the iatrogenic asplenia represents an additional immunological risk. They suggest a further reduction of the indication for LS, the criteria of which are discussed. PMID- 7135436 TI - [Therapy and prognosis of medulloblastoma]. AB - Between 1962 and 1981, 37 patients with histologically proved medulloblastomas were treated at the Radiologic Hospital and the Children's Hospital of the University of Munster. Because of the inadequate treatment over this long period, the collective was divided into three groups. The first group comprised 18 patients, 15 of whom died after having been operated, so that they could not be submitted to a sufficient radiotherapy. Two patients were unconscious when admitted; they died without therapy. One patient was submitted to a primary palliative irradiation with 10 Gy. The second group comprised seven patients who received only a postoperative irradiation of the skull. One of these patients is alive since 228 months without any recurrence. The other six patients had an average survival time of 9,2 months. The third group comprises twelve patients who were submitted to an irradiation of the skull and an additional irradiation of the whole cerebrospinal axis. Nine of these twelve patients were also treated by chemotherapy according to the SIOP scheme. Their average survival time is 28,4 months. Five patients are still alive and have no recurrences or metastases. The best survival chances actually seem to be provided by a radiotherapy of the whole cerebrospinal axis combined with chemotherapy. PMID- 7135437 TI - [Computer-assisted irradiation planning for tumor therapy with fast neutrons at the Neutron Therapy Unit CIRCE in Essen]. AB - A series of programs for the irradiation planning in tumor therapy with fast neutrons is presented. With these programs it is possible to calculate the dose distribution of single and multiple field as well as of uni- and biaxial rotating irradiations. The programs consider the patient's contour and calculate the total dose, the gamma dose and the gamma/total dose ratio. The output of the calculated dose distributions is made on a colour graph terminal. A hardcopy output by line printer is also possible. PMID- 7135438 TI - [Determination of the effective dose equivalent in gynecologic radium therapy]. AB - In this study, the authors describe how to determine the effective dose equivalent absorbed by occupationally exposed persons during a gynecologic radium therapy. The observed irradiation conditions of the physician and the medical staff are approximated by a standard geometry, for which conversion factors between the measured personal dose, the effective dose equivalent and different organ doses, respectively, are calculated. The results are job-specific conversion factors between dose to a personal dosimeter and the effective dose equivalent for the occupationally exposed persons involved. According to the individual tasks, these factors are between 0.59 and 1.13. PMID- 7135439 TI - [Measurement of the air activation caused by the use of medical accelerators]. AB - The air is activated when a medical accelerator is operated in order to produce a continuous radiation the maximum energy of which is higher than 10.55 MeV. The induced activity can be measured by a simple method. The consequences regarding radiological protection and the organization of continuous radiation therapy with the examined accelerators (Clinac 20, Betatron 42 MeV) are discussed. PMID- 7135440 TI - Application of scattering foil systems for forming large-sized uniform electron therapy fields. AB - The methods of forming extended fields in electron therapy using foil systems for scattering electron beams from the LUE-25 medical linear accelerator are discussed. Procedures for calculating shadow compensator parameters are presented. The role of the initial electron beam size in the choice of the parameters of scattering and compensating filters is evaluated. Advantages offered by this beam shaping technique for reducing the bremsstrahlung background level are considered. The experimental results show that highly uniform dose fields can be formed, if shadow compensating systems are used. The depth dose distributions of 27-MeV electrons obtained with a defocusing magnet system and with a system of scattering foils and compensators are compared. PMID- 7135441 TI - [Population kinetics of microcolonies causing "shouldered" survival curves at low LET]. AB - The well-known fact that the dose dependence of cell survival, when measured by the macrocolony-forming test, can be fitted with the multitarget expression is re investigated by considering the delayed loss of cellular reproductivity in a microcolony. As the reproductive capacity of each single cell of the microcolony must be lost in order to prevent the development of a macrocolony, the reproductive death of a microcolony is in mathematical analogy to the multitarget model and provides the biological explanation for its formal applicability. Published data from colony-size distributions and the model of "latent genetical damage" are utilized to understand the exponential dose dependence of single cell survival in a microcolony. Exponential survival curves obtained at high LET are explained by an undelayed loss of reproductivity in the irradiated cell. The restitution of the "shoulder" in delayed-plating and split-dose experiments is interpreted by repair effects. PMID- 7135442 TI - Extracorporeal irradiation of dog blood: the effects of a radiostrontium irradiator on blood stem cells (CFU-C). AB - The radiation sensitivity of dog blood stem cells was measured in vitro and in an extracorporeal circulation passing through a radiation field. It was established that the calculated D0 was as low as 0.45 Gy. Investigating the cell killing rate in our equipment (Buchler type 90Sr device for extracorporeal irradiation), we found an overkill situation; the dose delivered was in excess of that which would be required for the total eradication of all stem cells in the peripheral blood passing through the radiation field. Various other types of devices used for extracorporeal irradiation of blood are also reviewed. PMID- 7135444 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of the primary tracheal malignoma]. PMID- 7135445 TI - [Combination of radiotherapy and selective chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced ovarian carcinomas]. AB - A report is given on 160 patients suffering from ovarian carcinomas the stages which were exactly determined by TNM classification. 32 patients had tumors of the stages T1-T3, 128 patients had tumors of the stage T4. All T3 subgroups showed favorable results after radical surgery and a postoperative combination of radiotherapy and selective cytostatic chemotherapy. The therapy plans including radiotherapy had more advantages than those without radiotherapy. Furthermore, the cytostatic treatment was more successful after a chemotherapy resistance test than after blind administration of cytostatic drugs. PMID- 7135443 TI - [Influence of x-rays and quinacrine (atebrine) or chloroquine (resochine)--alone or in combination--on growth and melanin formation of Harding-Passey melanoma cells in monolayer culture]. AB - Harding-Passey melanoma cells in monolayer culture (HPM-73 line) were treated during exponential growth phase with single doses of X-rays (85 kV) from 2 up to 16 Gy (200 to 1600 rd). While 2 or 4 Gy resulted in a growth retardation (up to 2 days) followed by resumption of proliferation thereafter, 8 Gy, and still more pronounced 16 Gy, resulted in a significant decrease of the survival rate (till about 5 to 10% after 8 Gy). In the course of several days after 8 or 16 Gy numerous large cells--in comparison with controls--were formed, and following exposure to 8 Gy the average cellular protein content had more than doubled (and after 16 Gy more than tripled) in the course of 11 days. The inhibitory effect of X-irradiation on cell multiplication was significantly augmented by continuous incubation in culture media containing either quinacrine (atebrine) or chloroquine (resochine) in concentrations (3-6 X 10(-6)M) which in itself were not or only little inhibitory. Especially noteworthy was the death of all cells in cultures irradiated with 8 Gy and incubated for several weeks with 6 X 10(-6)M quinacrine or chloroquine. Also, treatment with 6 X 10(-6)M chloroquine of cultures irradiated with 4 Gy resulted in death of all cells. The specific melanin content (E400/10(6) cells or E400/mg cell protein) of cultures significantly increased several days after X-ray irradiation. Also, treatment with chloroquine (but not with quinacrine) resulted in an increased melanin content which was most strikingly increased after the combined treatment of irradiation and chloroquine. The effects of quinacrine and chloroquine on pre irradiated cells were discussed under the aspect of the well-known inhibitory action of these substances on DNA-synthesis, especially in connection with DNA repair processes. PMID- 7135446 TI - [Combination of three therapy methods (operation-radiotherapy-chemotherapy) in case of mammary carcinoma with lymph node metastases]. PMID- 7135447 TI - [Observations of the thyroid function after treatment of the laryngeal carcinoma with 60Co]. AB - We have examined 16 patients with laryngeal carcinomas who had been submitted to laryngectomy and subsequent 60Co therapy (dose 60-70 Gy, thyroid exposure 50-60 Gy). After an interval of several years, some patients showed alterations of the thyroid function, i.e. a problematic hypothyreosis in two patients and a latent or compensated hypothyreosis in six patients. The latter could be demonstrated by several functional in-vitro tests (T3 saturation, T4, T3-RIA, TSHV, TRH). Especially the TRH test showed significant alterations in four patients. The results obtained from this relatively small number of cases correspond to the descriptions in literature of irradiation damages to the thyroid caused by the treatment of the laryngeal carcinoma. Despite the necessity of further control examinations of a greater number of patients, the results achieved hitherto suggest a prophylactic or substituting hormone treatment during the radiotherapy of the laryngeal carcinoma. PMID- 7135448 TI - [Representation of the growth of pulmonary metastases in case of testicle tumors]. PMID- 7135449 TI - [Presentation of the growth of pulmonary metastases in case of testicle tumors]. PMID- 7135450 TI - [Different effects of irradiation with UVA and UVB radiation. Circulatory function and vigilance after single and serial exposition]. PMID- 7135451 TI - [Irradiation of mouse embryos in pronucleus and 2-cell stages: dependence of micronucleus formation and cell proliferation upon DNA amount and cell cycle phase]. AB - 1-or 2-cell mouse embryos were X-irradiated with 1.88 Gy. At irradiation time both pronuclei of each 1-cell embryo (see introduction) had a haploid DNA-amount and were in G1-phase. In contrast the cell nuclei of the 2-cell embryos had a tetraploid DNA-amount and were in late G2. DNA-amount and the cell cycle phases respectively were determined cytofluorometrically. The blastocyst formation was more impaired after irradiation of 1-cell embryos (28%) than 2-cell embryos (73%; controls: 100%). Cell death, which was observed in the cell proliferation investigations, should be the most important reason for the impaired early embryonic development. The different extent of cell death can be explained with the different amount of micronucleus formation. This chromosomal damage, which leads to a hypoploid DNA-amount of the cell nuclei, was more bulky after irradiation of 1-cell embryos than 2-cell embryos. Mechanisms which could cause a higher micronucleus formation after irradiation of haploid cell nuclei (pronuclei) in G1-phase than after irradiation of tetraploid cell nuclei in G2 phase are discussed. PMID- 7135452 TI - The transition in Korean family planning behavior, 1935-1976: a retrospective cohort analysis. AB - This study traces the diffusion of family planning behavior-the use of abortion, contraception, and/or sterilization-in Korea between 1935 and 1976. Within- and cross-cohort examinations were made of the levels of ever-use of family planning, method of initiation of family planning, and patterns of family planning behavior. Ever-use of any of the three modes was very low for all cohorts prior to the introduction of the National Family Planning Program in 1962; afterwards, family planning diffused at a rapid rate. A major determinant of ever-use levels attained by cohorts married before 1962 was the length of time between the introduction of the program and menopause. PMID- 7135453 TI - Fertility and family planning in Haiti. AB - This paper presents data on current levels and trends in fertility in Haiti and discusses some of the factors that determine the current situation. Particular attention is given to knowledge and use of contraception and the impact of the recently established national family planning program. The major source of data is the 1977 Haiti Fertility Survey, but more recent information on family planning program activities is also presented. Factors likely to influence future trends in fertility and family planning are presented in concluding. PMID- 7135454 TI - Nutrition intervention: an evaluation of six studies. AB - Six nutrition intervention studies were evaluated in the context of a predetermined methodology covering several categories of evaluative criteria. After a presentation of reasons for including each study, a summary is presented of the results of each study in light of the present investigators' evaluation and secondary analyses. Nutrition intervention programs can have a positive effect on health indices of infants and children, but much can be done in future nutrition projects to improve project design and thereby assist and facilitate more meaningful evaluations of nutrition intervention. To this end, a set of points for consideration by those designing nutrition intervention projects is provided. PMID- 7135455 TI - Sex roles in instructional materials: testing the stereotypes. AB - This special report discusses the significance and potential benefit of portraying men in nontraditional sex roles within pictorial instructional print materials on health and child care. It is based on the cognitive and behavioral findings of a comparative research study conducted in selected rural and periurban areas of Mexico on the use of two versions of an ORS pictorial pamphlet. Major findings of the study were: (1) portraying nontraditional sex roles for men in the ORS pamphlet did not reduce the credibility of technical information contained in the pamphlet; (2) a significantly greater number of subjects preferred the version that portrayed the father figure as co-caretaker of a sick child. These unexpected results have important implications for instructional and motivational communication and health education projects throughout the developing world. PMID- 7135456 TI - Control of lidocaine therapy: new perspectives. AB - Although lidocaine has been available for clinical use for 30 years, it still retains an important place amongst antiarrhythmic drugs. It is still widely regarded as the first line of therapy in ventricular arrhythmias occurring after myocardial infarction or cardiac surgery. Recently, however, its use has been advocated in the prophylaxis of primary ventricular fibrillation occurring after myocardial infarction. This recommendation is based primarily on the well designed and controlled study of Lie and co-workers (1). The results of this study have been reviewed and compared with the results of 11 other studies showing no significant effect of lidocaine in this situation (2). One other study did show that lidocaine gave protection against primary ventricular fibrillation (3). The authors concluded, however, that all the other studies had major defects in trial design, and were prepared to accept the conclusion that lidocaine was effective in preventing primary ventricular fibrillation after myocardial infraction. Similar conclusions were made by De Silva and co-workers (4). As a result, the drug is given in several centres in the U.S.A. to patients admitted with suspected acute myocardial infarction, particularly those aged less than 70 years who are seen within 6 h of the onset of chest pain (5,6). PMID- 7135457 TI - Plasma disopyramide concentrations following a 300-mg oral loading dose in acute myocardial infarction. AB - Plasma disopyramide concentrations were measured in 19 patients with suspected myocardial infarction (MI) following an oral loading dose of 300 mg. Infarction was confirmed in 17 patients. In 10 patients blood samples were collected frequently over a period of 6 h, and in the remaining nine, blood samples were collected for 60 h whilst they were receiving a maintenance dose of 100 mg six hourly. There was a wide variation in the absorption of the drug, and only 8 patients achieved plasma concentrations in the range 2-4 mg/L within one hour of ingestion; 8 of the patients on maintenance therapy were within this range 24 h following the start of therapy. Although only 2 noninfarct patients were observed, they achieved the highest plasma disopyramide concentrations--above the therapeutic range--within 1 h of receiving the loading dose. Narcotic analgesia was associated with poor absorption of the drug, but this does not exclude severity of infarction or vomiting after the loading dose from contributing to the wide variation in plasma concentrations in the early stages following the loading dose. It is concluded that this regime is unsuitable for prophylactic use in acute MI. PMID- 7135458 TI - Phenytoin metabolism in subjects with long and short plasma half-lives. AB - Normal adult men with long and short phenytoin plasma half-lives were given 300 mg oral doses of phenytoin once daily for 15 days. Plasma levels of phenytoin (DPH) and its major metabolite (p-HPPH) were measured during the period of drug administration and for 5 days thereafter. Average steady-state plasma levels of DPH rose to 13.4 micrograms/ml in the long half-life group, compared with 3.6 micrograms/ml in the short half-life group. HPPH levels in the long half-life group were about one half of those observed in the short half-life group. The DPH/HPPH ratios in plasma specimens showed excellent correlation with the plasma half-lives of DPH and average steady-state levels, suggesting that this ratio could provide guidance in the selection of optimum dosage regimens for problem patients. PMID- 7135459 TI - Liquid chromatography determination of clobazam and its major metabolite N desmethylclobazam in human plasma. AB - A specific procedure for the analysis of clobazam and N-desmethylclobazam in plasma is described. Reversed-phase liquid chromatography was performed on a Radial-pak cartridge using a mixture of 45% acetonitrile and 55% buffer solution (pH 7); the ultraviolet detector was set at 254 nm. The method used diazepam as internal standard and diethylether as extraction solvent. The calibration curves are linear between 50 and 500 ng/ml for clobazam and between 100 and 1000 ng/ml for N-desmethylclobazam. The day-to-day precision of the procedure at clobazam plasma concentrations of 50, 250, and 500 ng/ml generated coefficients of variation of 2.2, 6.6, and 11.3%, respectively. No interference occurred in plasma from patients treated with various drugs. The method has been used to study the pharmacokinetics of clobazam and N-desmethylclobazam in patients receiving oral clobazam. PMID- 7135460 TI - Analysis of morphine in serum by high performance liquid chromatography with amperometric detection. AB - In this report we describe a rapid and sensitive micromethod using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection (ED) to measure morphine concentration in serum or plasma. The separation of morphine and the internal standard 5-hydroxyquinoline, from interfering compounds present in plasma was achieved by paired-ion reverse phase chromatography using a 70 mM phosphate buffer at pH 5.80. The flow rate was 1 ml/min. Oxidation of morphine and the internal standard was obtained at a potential of 0.60 V. Only 100 microliter of serum or plasma was required. Analytical recoveries for morphine and 5-hydroxyquinoline were determined as 78% and 63% respectively. The between day precision of serum samples containing 250, 100, and 25 microgram/L of morphine (n = 20) was 6.5%, 5.2%, and 9.5% respectively. The detection limit was determined as 1 microgram/L at a sensitivity of 5 nA/V. In our preliminary studies, 3 children between the ages of 0 and 5 years received a bolus of morphine of 11 microgram/kg, followed by an infusion of 2 microgram/kg/min during surgery. The time-concentration curves demonstrate an initial rapid fall in morphine concentration with subsequent attainment of a steady state concentration of approximately 90 microgram/L after 1 h. This concentration would be expected to produce optimal analgesia in conscious patients. PMID- 7135461 TI - Interferences in a high pressure liquid chromatographic assay of theophylline. AB - Interference by salicylic acid was noted in a high pressure liquid chromatographic assay of theophylline in serum. The acid eluted very close to theophylline in a mobile phase consisting of 0.01 M acetate buffer, pH 4.0, containing 28% methanol on a C-18 reverse-phase column. The two peaks could be resolved by switching to a mobile phase containing 18% methanol, 1.6% acetonitrile, and 1.6% acetic acid in water. However, in this mobile phase traces of the extracting solvent, ethyl acetate, caused a sharpening of the theophylline peak leading to spuriously high results. The problem was overcome by using chloroform to extract the theophylline from serum. PMID- 7135462 TI - [For better or worse. Couples in the psychogeriatric nursing home]. AB - Since 1968 a special wing for married elderly couples has been in operation at the psychogeriatric nursing home "Heremalerhof" at Harmelen (The Netherlands). At least one of the two partners admitted suffered from dementia in old age and needed more nursing-care than could be offered at home or in a home for the aged. The information of this paper spans the admission period of 26 couples in this institution. Of this group, there was 8 couples where both partners were considered for immediate admission into a psychogeriatric nursing-home because of dementia. At the end of the period there were 6 couples more in which both partners suffered from dementia. Therefore only 12 partners returned to normal life in society after the admission period. Of the 12 partners who returned to normal life in society, 10 were available for an interview. At that time, 6 partners still adhered to their previously taken decision. There is certainly a need for an institution for couples, of which one of the partners needs much care because of dementia in old age. It could function best as an independent institution, yet closely connected with a psychogeriatric nursing-home. PMID- 7135463 TI - [Life course and institutionalization: the deceptive effect of the percentage]. AB - At one moment in time the percentage of elderly people living in an old people's home (bejaardenoord) or nursing-home (verpleeghuis) is much higher in the Netherlands than in comparable western countries. About 11% of people 65 years of age and more are living in such institutions. However, in discussions about institutionalization, people are making the same fallacious statements based on the percentage at one moment in time as indicated in literature as "% fallacy" (Kastenbaum & Candy, 1973). In this article we have calculated that about 35% of all elderly people in the Netherlands will be institutionalized before before death. Although at one moment in time about 2% of the elderly are living in a Dutch nursing-home, the incidence is as high as in the old people's home. That is why almost the same number of elderly people will be institutionalized before death in both institutions. Three examples are given of the fallacious use of the percentage at one moment in time. An attempt is made to calculate the chance which persons have, at different ages, to be institutionalized in later life. We use the incidence-rate in 1977 and 1978 and the life expectancy inthe period 1970 1975. The results indicate high chances for elderly people at different ages to be institutionalized in later life in an old people's home. PMID- 7135464 TI - [Comments on "Building blocks for a policy for the elderly"]. AB - In the beginning of 1982 at last the third report of the government on the policy on the elderly was published. The two reports before were published in 1970 and 1975. The central issue is that the services available for the elderly should be maintained at the present level, despite the growth of the number of the aged and the economic recession. The policy as practiced in the last years is judged to be continued. However, a critical analysis of this policy is absent in the report. Neither does the report make choices; it describes the possible developments in the next decade. The facts and research -data used to describe these future developments are not critically considered. Still a lot of positive aspects may be mentioned; for example the fact that the policy on the policy starts before 65. Actually most figures deal with persons 55 and over. Also the attention given to scientific research is positively judged. PMID- 7135465 TI - Pulsatile perfusion is still indicated for kidney preservation. PMID- 7135466 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to mouse major histocompatibility complex antigens. AB - As part of our continuing effort to produce a library of hybridoma antibodies specific for the products of the mouse major histocompatibility complex (MHC), nine antibodies reacting with antigens of the H-2d haplotype have been produced by cell fusion between immune spleen cells and the SP2/0.Ag.14 cell, of H-2d origin. Serological characterization revealed that seven antibodies reacted with H-2 antigens and two with Ia antigens. Of the anti-H-2 antibodies, four detected private specificities of H-2Kd or H-2Dd antigens and three detected public specificities of H-2d and other haplotypes. One of the anti-Ia antibodies detected a private Ia specificity corresponding to Ia.23 and the other detected a previously undescribed public specificity. Anti-H-2d hybridoma cells represent a potential "autoreactive" situation in that the antibodies produced by the cells should react with their own H-2 antigens unless expression of the corresponding H 2d antigens in these cells was altered. In order to examine whether H-2d antigens continued to be expressed on these anti-H-2d hybridoma cells, binding of 125I labeled monoclonal anti-H-2Kd and/or H-2Dd antibodies was studied. Among the four hybridoma clones tested, three bound specifically three independent 125I-labeled anti-H-2d antibodies, including two cases in which binding of autologous antibodies was detected. The last clone did not bind any of the anti-H-2d antibodies, although it bound an anti-H-2k antibody, indicating selective loss of H-2d antigens. These observations demonstrate that neither loss nor retention of H-2d antigen expression on the cell surface is obligatory in hybridoma cells producing anti-H-2d antibodies. PMID- 7135467 TI - Major histocompatibility complex-linked spleen-dependent transfusion "collapse curves" in inbred rats. AB - In most donor-host combinations among seven inbred rat strains, transfused allogeneic red blood cells were cleared from the circulation of unsensitized hosts at a rate no different from that of syngeneic red blood cells. In four strain combinations, however, allogeneic red blood cells were cleared very rapidly, and in six combination, clearance was effected at a rate intermediate between the rapid clearance rate and the syngeneic rate. In strain combinations exhibiting rapid clearance, females cleared allogeneic red blood cells significantly more rapidly than did males. Rapid clearance was linked to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of the donor strain but not to the MHC of the host strain. All donor-host combinations showing rapid clearance possessed identical RT2, RT3, and AgS red blood cell alloantigens. Red blood cells removed rapidly from the circulation by allogeneic hosts were sequestered in the spleen rather than lysed in the circulation. The phenomenon was mediated by splenic reticuloendothelial cells and could be completely circumvented by prior splenectomy. Rapid clearance was apparently not antibody mediated. The phenomenon of rapid clearance of allogeneic red blood cells in rats appears to be analogous to the "collapse curves" of human blood transfusion. PMID- 7135468 TI - Natural killer activity by spleen, lymph node, and thymus cells during the graft versus-host reaction. PMID- 7135469 TI - Immunoglobulin (Gm) allotype frequencies in patients with renal failure. PMID- 7135470 TI - Assessment of motor function in spasticity. PMID- 7135471 TI - Measuring regional blood flow with tracer microspheres: a method, its problems and its application. PMID- 7135472 TI - The course of Trypanosoma brucei ssp. infection in domestic chickens. AB - Three unrelated stocks of Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) brucei were tested for their ability to infect domestic chickens. One of them, Lugala/55/EATRO/459, regularly produced a chronic infection. This was characterized by a low parasitemia (3-100 mouse infective organisms per ml of blood) that lasted for nine months in pullets and over one year in cockerels. Advances and remissions of the parasitemia were detected during the course of the infection. There was no obvious impairment of the health of the birds and their growth rate was indistinguishable from that of uninfected chickens. A second stock of T. brucei produced a transient infection that lasted for a few days only and a third failed to infect. These observations, of persistent symptomless infections, raise the possibility that domestic chickens and other birds may act as reservoirs in the cycle of infection in nature, as do many game animals. PMID- 7135473 TI - In vitro phagocytic activity of neutrophils of various cattle breeds with and without Trypanosoma congolense infection. AB - A simple in vitro-technique using latex beads was used for the investigation of the phagocytic activity of neutrophils in bovines of different breeds, infected and non-infected with T. congolense. It was found that the N'Dama, assumed to be trypanotolerant, have a significantly higher number of neutrophils and neutrophils with phagocytic activity per mm3 blood, compared to the more susceptible Zebu, the Baoule and the crossbreed M75, ranging between these two breeds. The first appearance of T. congolense in the blood was accompanied by a significant increase of phagocytizing neutrophils in 21 bulls of different breeds and 12 N'Dama cows in comparison to the pre-infection levels or to the animals which remained free of trypanosomes. A possible involvement of the neutrophils in the defence against trypanosomes by phagocytosis is discussed. PMID- 7135474 TI - The fine structure of adult Onchocerca volvulus. II. The intestine and the reproductive system of the male worm. AB - The morphology of the gut and the genital duct of five male worms from Liberia and two male worms at least five years old, from Upper Volta are described. The lumen of the intestine can be distended vesicularly or it can be reduced to a cleft which is filled with microvilli. The intestinal epithelium contains concentric spherules or dense bodies with piles of lamellae. In parts of the intestine of a live worm the cells can be completely disintegrated. The wall of the testis consists of a squamous epithelium which contains numerous dense bodies on the luminal side. The wall of the vas deferens is a squamous or cuboid epithelium which contains glycogen and various particles. In the ejaculatory duct the epithelial cells are linked together by desmosomes at their luminal side. The brownish appearance of some organs under the light microscope is related to the accumulation of iron containing particles. PMID- 7135475 TI - Anthropophily of Simulium damnosum s.l. and its role as a vector of human onchocerciasis in the Yemen Arab Republic. AB - Immature stages of Simulium damnosum s.l. were collected in four of the main wadis (Surdud, Zabid, Rasyan, Ghayl) which drain westward to the Red Sea. The species was absent from the Wadi Tuban which flows to the south-east, but other black-fly species were found herein. For the first time it was shown that S. damnosum s.l. in the Yemen bites man, may ingest microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus and can harbour filarial infections. Out of 303 flies which were caught on human bait in the Wadi Rasyan 33% were parous, four contained developing and three third-stage larvae (two of the flies had larvae in the head) indistinguishable from those of Onchocerca volvulus. The significance of these findings for the epidemiology of onchocerciasis and the possibility of vector control measures are discussed. PMID- 7135476 TI - [Immunoglobulin concentrations and their correlation with the level of antibodies in echinococcosis patients]. AB - A comparison of immunoglobulin concentrations between 136 patients with surgically proved echinococcosis and control persons revealed significantly higher concentrations of immunoglobulins only in the IgG class, a phenomenon, which was more pronounced in patients with secondary echinococcosis. In the first twelve months after surgical treatment the IgG and IgA values decreased faster than the IgM values, however, in the postoperative period the IgG persisted longer than the other immunoglobulins. Antibody titers and IgG concentrations observed showed a positive correlation in the follow-up time. From these results it is suggested, that the antibodies before and after surgical treatment of echinococcosis belong to the IgG class. PMID- 7135477 TI - Observations on mebendazole vs. thiabendazole in the treatment of human trichinellosis. AB - Six patients with acute trichinellosis were studied. Three patients were treated with mebendazole and the other three with thiabendazole. Both drugs were given at a daily dose of 50 mg per kg body weight for seven consecutive days. No substantial differences were evident in the efficacy of the two drugs when symptoms, clinical findings, and laboratory data were followed for three months. However, mebendazole was better tolerated than thiabendazole. The diagnosis was based on epidemiological data and positive antibody tests. In two cases, diagnosis was confirmed by isolation of trichinella larvae from 10 ml blood samples filtered through polycarbonate membranes. PMID- 7135479 TI - [Cytofluorometric study of the content of glycogen and its fractions in rat liver cells during synthesis and breakdown]. AB - A cytofluorometric study was made of the total glycogen and its fractions in isolated rat liver cells of starved rats, and of rats refed at various intervals after starving and at different times of the day. It was established that the population of liver cells of both starving and eating animals was not uniform as concerns its glycogen content. In spite of the absence of glycogen in the majority of liver cells of starved animals, some single cells revealed considerable amounts of glycogen. The liver cells of rats that started to refeed are able to start glycogen synthesis without delay. The synthesis of glycogen is proceeding mainly at the expense of a labile fraction; the content of glycogen in the stable fraction changes only during the first two hours after refeeding to remain unchanged afterwards. PMID- 7135478 TI - [Quantitative analysis of the polymorphism of the C-bands of chromosomes 1, 9, 16 and Y in Latvians]. AB - A quantitative analysis of the C-band polymorphism in chromosomes 1, 9, 16 and Y was made in 50 phenotypically normal individuals (25 males and 25 females). At an average level of the chromosome spiralization (the mean chromosome size is 2-7 micrometers) mean C-band lengths of chromosomes 1, 9, 16 and Y obtained in the course of the study are 1.09, 0.94, 0.82 and 0.80 micrometers, respectively. A comparative analysis of the mean C-band lengths in chromosomes 1, 9, 16 in the male and female groups has revealed no sex differences. The highest variability of the C-band size is found for chromosome 1 and the lowest--for chromosomes 16 and Y. PMID- 7135480 TI - [Effect of artificial NaC1 and KC1 gradients on the active transport of organic acids in energy-depleted kidney proximal tubules. II. The KC1 gradient]. AB - The stimulatory effect of KCL in bath medium on fluorescein uptake in superficial proximal tubules in the absence of Na in bath medium was observed on Na- and energy-depleted slices of the rat kidney outer cortex. In the absence of K gradient between bath medium and tubular cells, the fluorescein uptake increased with raising the intracellular K concentration. The efflux of fluorescein from the tubules was inversely proportional to K concentration in the cells. Visual control showed that at high K concentrations fluorescein was accumulated mainly in the tubular walls (i. e. in the cytoplasm of tubular cells). It is suggested that the raise of K concentration in cells results in the intracellular binding of organic acid. PMID- 7135481 TI - [Induction of chromosome aberrations and mitotic disorders in a bone marrow cell culture of Papio hamadryas in exposure to cytochalasin B]. AB - A 24-48 hours' treatment with cytocholasin B (1 mg/ml) increases significantly the number of chromosomal aberrations and mitotic abnormalities in primary cultures of bone marrow of the baboon Papio hamadrias. The addition of erythropoietin in concentration of 0.25 units per ml, either before or after the addition of cytochalasin, increases the number of chromosomal aberrations due to hormone stimulation of cell division. At this concentration, erythropoietin alone does not induce any chromosomal aberrations, but stimulated mitotic activity. Cytochalasin B induced aberrations in chromosomes increase the frequency of chromosome rearrangements of the chromatid type, while the main type of mitotic aberrations observed was the induction of multinuclear aneuploid cells. PMID- 7135482 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in the sympathetic axons, their synapses and lemmocytes of frogs resulting from anoxia]. AB - Under anoxia, ultrastructural alterations were revealed in the cytoplasm of sympathetic axons and their synapses, and in lemmocytes in unmielinated bundles of the frog urinary bladder. Anoxia acts as a stimulator. Six minutes anoxia causes the amplification of activity of nerve bundle organoids: augmentation of the granular ER, the number of ribosomes and pinocytotic vesicles, and swelling of mitochondria in trunk and preterminal areas of nerve bundles in lemmocytes. In par distance synapses, small synaptic vesicles are modified, vacuoles are formed, and mitochondria get swollen; the cytoplasm of lemmocyte processes around the synaptic boutons is swollen, its fibrillar structures and part of ribosomes disappear. Under a prolonged anoxia, the number of ribosomes in nerve bundles is reduced, the mitochondria are getting more numerous but with lower electron density; the big dense cored vesicles are accumulated in synapses. After the frog death due to anoxia, deformation of part of the organoids is seen to accompany these changes. PMID- 7135483 TI - [Morphochemical specialization of individual types of neurons in the visual analyzer of the rabbit brain]. AB - Using quantitative cytophotometry it was shown that different neuron groups of the rabbit's visual analyser had various specificity with respect to the vision function. Middle cells of external geniculate body (EGB), neurons of the lower part of layer III, cells of layer IV, and large neurons of layer V of the visual cortex most of all undergo changes during 2.5 months of deprivation. One month later rehabilitation changes were most pronounced in the middle neurons of EGB and later IV neurons of the visual cortex. But the higher sensitivity of these cells to deprivation in comparison to other neurons, and the type of their organization enable us to relate them to specifically vision cells. Mechanisms of possible rearrangement of the neuron metabolism with deprivation and rehabilitation are discussed. PMID- 7135484 TI - [Formation of aberrant polyploid hepatocytes in exposure to the alkylating preparation dipin and to stimulation of proliferation]. AB - One month after the treatment of mice with the alkylating drug Dipin followed by partial hepatectomy 4.7--35.1% of hepatocytes with micronuclei and nuclear bridges in liver were registered. The ploidy level sharply increased. Aberrant cells were the most polyploid ones (16c, 32c). The DNA-fuchsin content in these aberrant polypolid cells decreased by 10--15% due to degrading and non replication of DNA in the micronuclei. PMID- 7135485 TI - [Dependence of 3T6 cell proliferation on the serum concentration in the medium]. AB - The characteristics of 3T6 cells in various growth phases and their reaction to the serum content decrease was studied using flow cytofluorimetry, autoradiography and thymidine incorporation in acid-insoluble cell fraction. It is concluded that 3T6 cells are arrested in G1 period after reaching the confluent state, or when the serum concentration in the cultural medium is below 0.5%. The "quiescence" state of 3T6 cells cannot be identified with Go state. The variable data seen in the case of the culture transfer into the medium with decreased serum content may suggest the necessity to control the arrest of cell proliferation in each case examined. PMID- 7135486 TI - [Absorption study of 3H-stearic acid in the rat small intestine using electron microscopic autoradiography]. AB - Using electron microscope autoradiography evidence was provided on the space time character of the absorption, resynthesis, transfer and exocytosis of lipids in the form of chylomicrons; this evidence correlating with data on distribution in the subcellular compartments of epithelial cells of the intestine. The majority of fatty acid enters the lymph in the form of resynthesized lipids. Part of fatty acid is transported from the enteral environment to the internal one, escaping from the stages of esterification and triglyceride and chylomicron formation in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. PMID- 7135487 TI - Oophorectomy in advanced breast cancer: clinical radiologic correlations. AB - The radiograms of the chest and skeleton of 49 patients with advanced breast cancer treated with bilateral ovariectomy were reviewed. The modifications in the secondary localizations and/or their appearance after castration were compared with the findings of the clinical examination. Appearance or progression of intrathoracic lesions, like the appearance or progression of osteolytic lesions, corresponded to a progression of the disease in other sites. Osteoblastic evolution of osteolytic lesions and the appearance of osteoblastic lesions in bones undamaged before ovariectomy were signs of a favorable response to therapy. The response of chest and bone metastases is usually rather early, and the first radiographic survey should be performed about 3 months after ovariectomy. PMID- 7135488 TI - Early gastric cancer: a morphologic study of 41 cases. AB - The incidence as well as the morphologic features of early gastric cancer observed in 41 cases during the last 5 years are reported. The incidence of early gastric cancer was 9.11% among the total gastric carcinomas seen during the above period. As regards age and sex, the patients suffering with early as well as advanced gastric cancer revealed insignificant variation. With gastric biopsies, the diagnostic accuracy was 88.5%. There were multifocal lesion in 29.2% of cases with a total of 85 foci. Type IIc was the predominant macroscopic lesion, followed by type III. The antrum and the angularis of the lesser curvature were the main sites for early gastric cancer. The intestinal and well-differentiated types of early gastric cancer were the main histologic features seen. Diffuse type and submucosal lesions were more frequent in 6 (14.6%) cases observed with regional lymph node metastases. Our study revealed that there has been a gradual increase in the number of gastric biopsies, early gastric cancer, and the early:advanced gastric cancer ratio. PMID- 7135489 TI - Arguments in favor of precautional treatment of cervical nodes in clinically N0 oral cancer. AB - Our retrospective and unrandomized clinical study covers 317 squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity initially N0 and treated with curietherapy from January 1959 to December 1970. Upon conclusion of the treatment of T, a radical dissection of the neck was performed only on 110 patients (34.7%) and the other 207 were not submitted to surgery. The incidence of N0 N+ cases was 27.3% (30/110). The clinical evolution showed that in the group not submitted to radical dissection 53 of 179 cases (29.6%) with adequate follow-up had lymph nodal relapses; 15/69 of these were initially T1 (21.7%) and 38/110 initially T2,3 (34.5%). The data concerning clinical evolution and analysis of the survival curves for the 2 groups supply arguments in favor of the systematic treatment of the lymphatic areas of the neck in initially N0 oral carcinomas. PMID- 7135491 TI - Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy: a case report with subsequent evolution into a lymphoplasmacytic-lymphoplasmacytoid malignant lymphoma. PMID- 7135490 TI - Local microwave hyperthermia in cancer therapy. Preliminary report. AB - From February 1981 to September 1981, 16 patients (19 fields) with histologically proven malignancy (10 squamous carcinoma, 4 melanoma, 1 adenocarcinoma, 1 chordoma) were treated with hyperthermia combined with radiotherapy or chemotherapy (1 patient). There were 5 females and 11 males; average age was 65 years, range 45 to 94 years; 15 patients had a Karnofsky index greater than 50%. Hyperthermia (42.5 44.0 degrees C) was induced by 250 MHz to 1 GHz microwaves (BSD - 1000 Unit). Thermometry was performed by means of non-perturbing probes placed in intratumorally inserted catheters and by measurement of skin temperatures. After hyperthermia plus radiotherapy (18 fields), 9 patients showed 100% response, 5 a volume regression of more than 50%, 3 less than 50% and 1 no change. After chemotherapy plus hyperthermia, 1 patient showed no change. No significant side effects were observed (3 skin burns in 147 hyperthermia treatment sessions). PMID- 7135492 TI - Solitary plasmacytoma of the vertebral column. A report of 15 cases. AB - The clinical features and the treatment results of 15 patients with solitary plasmacytoma of the spine observed in a 28-year period (1950-1977) are reported. The signs at presentation were back pain in 4 cases and spinal cord compression in 11 cases. Three of these patients had paraplegia. Radiologically, the alteration encountered was an osteolytic lesion in all cases. The local treatment was radiotherapy in 11 cases and surgery plus radiotherapy in 4 cases. In 3 patients systemic chemotherapy was also employed. Seven patients are alive without signs of disease 3 to 9 years (mean 6 years) after diagnosis. Eight patients developed multiple myeloma in a period ranging from 1 to 8 years (mean 3.5 years). The relationship between multiple myeloma and solitary plasmacytoma of the spine, as well as the best treatment for the latter, are discussed. PMID- 7135493 TI - [Development and main achievements in biochemistry of farm animals in the Ukraine]. PMID- 7135495 TI - [Studies on influence of detergents on human serum albumin using temperature perturbation difference spectrophotometry]. AB - The temperature-perturbation difference spectra (TPDS) of human serum albumin (NSA) were studied after incubation with different synthetic detergents--anionic, cationic, amphoteric, nonionogenic--in various molar ratios. It is shown that the detergents studied have a different effect on the perturbation of tyrosine residua spectra. Under these conditions the rigidity of their environment depending on the nature and concentration of the mentioned detergents is supposed to change. PMID- 7135494 TI - [Amino acid composition of preparations acid-soluble skin collagen and free amino acids in rat serum under loading with valine and methionine]. AB - The valine and methionine loading against a background of protein-free diet evokes interrelated changes in amino acid composition of acid-soluble skin collagen preparations and free amino acids pool of blood serum in rats. The isolated collagen preparations also differ essentially from the normal preparations in the content of disulphide groups and elution profiles. PMID- 7135496 TI - [Phospholipid composition of mucous membrane tissue in the gastrointestinal tract of rabbits in simulated Salmonella infections]. AB - The paper deals with the phospholipid composition in the mucosa tissue of different areas of gastrointestinal tract and in membranes of the villous margin of small intestine enterocytes under conditions of experimental salmonellosis infection. A decreased relative content of cardiolipin is observed in all periods of the infection process in the stomach mucosal tissue and in the period of the disease height and convalescence--in the sigmoid colon. Phosphatidyl choline appears in the tissue of duodenum and jejunum during the height of the infection process. An increase in a relative content of lysophosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl serine and a decrease in that of phosphatidyl ethanolamine are revealed in membranes of enterocyte villous margin when modelling the diarrhea process by the intraperitoneal administration of the lipopolysaccharide complex of salmonellas. The found changes in the composition of phospholipids in the mucous membrane tissue and membranes of the enterocytes villous margin are supposed to reflect alterations in the functional state of the intestine barrier and play a definite role in development of the diarrhea syndrome. PMID- 7135497 TI - [Insensitivity of purified glutathione reductase from adrenal cortex to o,p' dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane]. AB - The activity of partially purified glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2) was studied as affected by 1-(o-chlorophenyl)-1-(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethane (o,p' DDD, chloditane). The glutathione reductase from human and dog adrenal cortex was purified by means of precipitation with (NH4)2SO4, by affinity chromatography, sephadex G25, DEAE-cellulose and CM-cellulose chromatography. A 56.6- and 41-fold purification was obtained for the enzyme from human and dog adrenal cortex, respectively. o,p'-DDD did not influence the activity of purified glutathione reductase in vitro. The rate of NADPH oxidation by adrenal cortex cytosol in the glutathione reductase reaction increased under the effect of o,p'-DDD. PMID- 7135498 TI - [Glutamate decarboxylase activity in subcellular fractions of tissues of brain visual analyzer in dogs during postnatal ontogenesis]. AB - Fractions of mitochondria, synaptosomes and fragments of membranes isolated from structures of dog brain visual analyzer in the postnatal ontogenesis period differs in the glutamate decarboxylase activity. Till the 45th day of development it rises, as a rule, in all the fractions under study and then it lowers. An increase in the activity in most cases is more pronounced in subfractions of heavy synaptosomes and fragments membrane. The enzyme activity in the visual cortex (field 17), anterior corpora bigemina and external geniculate body rises differently. In one-day animals GABA is formed in the fraction of heavy synaptosomes of anterior corpora bigemina and external geniculate body with a higher intensity than in the visual cortex area (field 17) that may be associated with earlier GABA accumulation in GABA-ergic neurons of subcortical structures of the visual analyzer than in its cortical structures. PMID- 7135499 TI - [Glutamate decarboxylase activity in subcellular fractions of tissue of brain visual analyzer of dogs subjected to visual deprivation]. AB - Glutamate decarboxylase activity in fractions of mitochondria, synaptosomes and membranes fragments of tissues brain visual analyzer central structures of the dog was found to decrease during visual deprivation. A degree of the decrease is different and depends on the deprivation duration. During a 45-day deprivation the specific activity of the enzyme lowers significantly in all subfractions, decrease is especially sharp in subfractions of heavy synaptosome and membranes (by 71-85%). The decrease in the activity is more pronounced in the anterior corpora bigemina and in external geniculate body than in the cortex visual area (field 17). During a 90-day deprivation the activity lowers in all the structures but to a less extent than during the 45-day deprivation. The specific activity in subfractions of heavy and light synaptosomes is 40-67% lower than normal and in the membrane and mitochondrial subfractions differs slightly. In the visual deprived dogs the intensity of GABA formation reduces in all the subfractions, the decrease being higher during the 45-day deprivation. PMID- 7135500 TI - [Separation of lipid extract from animal blood and tissues and isolation of squalene and sterols from it]. AB - Methods are described for extraction of lipids from animal blood and tissues and for their separation into certain components by thin-layer chromatography and subsequent rechromatography. The methods may be employed when studying the lipid metabolism in tissues with application of various carriers and systems of solvents. PMID- 7135501 TI - [Comparative characteristics of the activity of enzyme systems for nitrogen metabolism in the liver of human fetuses during embryogenesis]. AB - The activities of alanine aminotransferase (ES 2.6.1.2), aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) and monoaminoxidase (EC 1.4.3.4) in the liver nuclei and mitochondria of human fes rises gradually beginning from the early periods of the antenatal development till birth and reaches the highest value in the last month of the fetus intra-uterine life. The monoaminoxidase activity is found in the liver nuclei of 21-32-week human feti. The activity of RNase (EC 2.7.7.16) and DNase (EC 3.1.4.5) in the liver nuclei is 10 and 15 times as low, respectively, by the 40th week of development, and 1.5 times as low in mitochondria. PMID- 7135502 TI - [Effect of ethonium on glycolysis in rat liver]. PMID- 7135503 TI - [Effect of chlorofos on oxygen uptake in rabbit placenta]. AB - Pregnant rabbit females were subjected to daily peroral administration to chlorofos in a dose of 50 and 75 mg per 1 kg of mass for 24 h. It is found to produce an essential effect on oxygen uptake and glycolysis in the placenta tissue. The detected changes expressed in decreased intensity of endogenic respiration and an increased glycolytic activity of the placenta tissue evidence for disturbance in the organ functional state. PMID- 7135504 TI - [Oxidation of different substrates in mitochondria of bovine and rat adrenal cortex]. AB - The rate of oxygen uptake by mitochondria of bovine and rat adrenals was determined during oxidation of the Krebs cycle substrates. Succinate is established to be oxidized most actively under in vitro conditions. PMID- 7135505 TI - [One hundred years of immunology--science of the future]. AB - The review is concerned with the history of immunology, the latest achievements of molecular immunology in the field of immunoglobulin structure, organization of immunoglobulin genes, cooperation of immunocompetent cells in the immune response. Problems of new biotechnology, that is production and use of monoclonal antibodies, and also the main trends of fundamental research in modern immunology are under discussion. PMID- 7135507 TI - [Features of the preparation and estimation of homogeneity and native state of smooth muscle actin]. AB - It is shown that smooth muscle actin preparations, produced with the help of techniques described in literature, have contaminations of tropomyosin and proteins with the molecular weight of 250 000, 80 000 and 18 000. The composition of contaminations depends on the method of preparation and conditions of dissociation of native actomyosin material. A method is proposed for actin separation from acetone-treated actomyosin followed by salting out with 50 mM MgCl2. Gel-electrophoresis in the presence of Na-dodecylsulphate has shown that the actin preparations are homogeneous and have the same cofactor activity for the myosin ATPase as actin from the rabbit skeletal muscle. It is supposed that in the cytoplasm of smooth muscle cells as well as in the non-muscle ones there is a considerable part of actin is the monomer form. It gets easily lost in the process of fibrillar actin separation. This may account for low actin output in spite of its relatively high contents in smooth muscles. PMID- 7135506 TI - [Use of affinity immunoelectrophoresis in the presence of concanavalin A for characterization of neurospecific protein D2]. AB - The affinity immunoelectrophoresis method in the presence of ConA was used to determine the dissociation constant of the human neurospecific protein D2 complex with lectin. Preliminarily protein D2 from the triton extract of the human embryo brain membrane fraction was partly purified by chromatography on phenyl-sepharose and was identified by the method of rocket-line immunoelectrophoresis with antiserum against neurospecific antigen D2 of the rat brain. PMID- 7135508 TI - [Structural differences of C-terminal fragment of the alpha-subunits of rabbit muscle aldolase in normal animals and in experimental atherosclerosis]. AB - The COOH-terminal BrCN fragment of the aldolase alpha-subunit from muscles of rabbits in norm and under atherosclerosis was studied by the method of dansyl fingerprints in a silicagel and polyamide thin layer. It is shown that under atherosclerosis the amount of peptides in the fragment under study increases and the topography of two of them changes. The content of lysine, serine and valine enhances in it. The results evidence for structural differences in C-terminal fragment of aldolase alpha-subunits in muscles of rabbits in norm and under experimental atherosclerosis. PMID- 7135509 TI - [Two forms of alkaline phosphatase in blood serum in liver diseases]. AB - A fraction whose electrophoretic mobility in polyacrylamide gel corresponded to the liver isoenzyme was produced due to trypsin hydrolysis of the high-molecular alkaline phosphatase of blood serum of patients suffering from liver diseases and of liver homogenates. In the presence of positively and negatively charged micelles of detergents the electrophoretical mobility of high-molecular alkaline phosphatase in agarose changed essentially as compared to that in the presence of the noncharged detergent micelles. Similar changes in mobility were not observed for the liver isoenzyme. Due to the autolysis of liver homogenates the activity of the zone corresponding to the liver isoenzyme in the electrophoretic mobility increases and that of high-molecular alkaline phosphatase decreases. Similar changes were observed in sera as well, however, their rate is lower. PMID- 7135510 TI - [Role of pyruvate dehydrogenase and ATP-citrate (pro-3S)lyase in inhibition of the biosynthesis of fatty acids by nicotinic acid]. AB - The pyruvate dehydrogenase and ATP-citrate(pro-3S)lyase activity in the liver after administration of nicotinic acid to chickens against a background of stimulated lypogenesis is shown to increase in the period of maximum fall of the acetyl-CoA-carboxylase activity. Affinity of ATP-citrate (pro-3S)-lyase to citrate at this time is lowered, the content of citrate and isocitrate is elevated and CoASac is decreased to some extent. A conclusion is made on the absence of substrate limitation of acetyl-CoA-carboxylase with administration of nicotinic acid to chickens under conditions of the fatty acid biosynthesis intensification. PMID- 7135511 TI - [Peculiarities of the metabolism of beta-oxybutyric acid in liver and skeletal muscles of piglets]. AB - The intensity of [3-14C] oxybutyrate oxidation in the skeletal muscle and thin intestinal mucosa of the 30- and 60-day piglets in vitro is 1,2-4 times as high as the degree of its utilization in the lipid synthesis. Differences in the degree of utilization of [3-14C] oxybutyrate in the energy processes and lipid synthesis in the 30-day piglets tissues is considerably higher after weaning, but in the 60-day piglets--before weaning them from sows. The degree of [3-14C] oxybutyrate oxidation in the skeletal muscle and thin intestinal mucosa of piglets is 1.3-8 times and the degree of its uptake in the lipid synthesis in these tissues and liver is 3-9.1 times as high as the degree of [1-14C] glucose up-take in these processes. [3-14C] oxybutyrate uptake in the lipid synthesis in thin intestinal mucosa of piglets is more intensive than in the liver and skeletal muscle. PMID- 7135512 TI - [Preparative isolation of thiamine triphosphate by means of cation-exchange resins]. AB - KY-2 and KY-2-8 cation-exchange resins are described as employed for preparative isolation of thiamine triphosphate. When it is eluted from the mentioned resins by distilled water, the preparation needs no additional purification from low molecular admixtures. The preparation purity was controlled by paper electrophoresis in 0.025 M citric-acid buffer (pH 3.8-4.0). PMID- 7135513 TI - [Proteolytic splitting of proteins from the cortex and nuclear zones of the crystalline lens]. AB - The proteolytic attacking capacity by pronase, a proteolytic wide-range enzyme, has been studied in soluble and insoluble proteins from the cortex and nuclear lens zones of young (aged 1.5-2 years) and old (aged 6-12 years) animals. It is established that proteolysis stability of proteins from the cortex lens zone in young and old animals is the same. The soluble proteins of the lens nucleus are attacked by the enzyme considerably weaker in old animals than in young animals; insoluble proteins in the process of ageing get more sensitive to the pronase action. Post-translation modifications of proteins--deamidation, intra- and intermolecular crosslinkage--may be the reason of changes in the pronase attacking capacity of proteins in the nuclear lens zone of old animals. PMID- 7135514 TI - [Collagen and glycosaminoglycan content of tissues under emotional effects in hypothalamic zones]. AB - The content of carbohydrate-containing bipolymers in the tissues of aorta, skin and blood serum of rabbits was studied under the effect of electrostimulation of supraoptical, ventromedial and medial mammillary nuclei of hypothalamus. The stimulation of supraoptical and ventromedial nuclei of hypothalamus is shown to be accompanied by an increase in the amount of collagen, glycosaminoglycans, sialic acids and glycoproteins which was estimated by the content of protein and hexosamines. Stimulation of the medial mammillary nucleus causes opposite changes. PMID- 7135515 TI - [Carbohydrate component of immunoglobulin G in cattle suffering from leukosis]. AB - No essential differences are found in the composition and total amount of carbohydrates in the studied preparations of the immunoglobulin G subfraction in cattle suffering from leucosis and of the immunoglobulin G subfraction, identical in evolution, in healthy animals. It is shown that the main mass of carbohydrates is connected with Fc-fragment and heavy chains of the protein under study. PMID- 7135516 TI - [Dynamics of the content of free amino acids in the liver and serum of rats during ontogenesis]. AB - Dynamics of free amino acid reserves in newborn 3, 6, 12 and 24-month rats was studied in ontogenesis. At all stages of postnatal life they get distributed differently in the liver and blood serum. Both individual and common peculiarities of amino acidic reserve distribution are marked. PMID- 7135517 TI - [Distribution of total and hormonal iodine in rat tissues in hyperthermia]. AB - It is found that a short-term (5 and 20 min) thermal effect (45 degrees C) induces no essential changes in the functional activity of the thyroid gland in rats. The level of total and hormonal iodine in the most important tissues is unchanged or insignificantly increased. With an increase in the thermal load time (60 min) there occurs an inhibition of the hormonogenic function of the thyroid gland which is accompanied by a pronounced decrease in the content of thyrohormones in blood and tissues. A tendency to an increase in the level of total and hormonal iodine under these conditions is observed only in kidneys. PMID- 7135518 TI - [Mathematical estimation of enzymic interrelations in brain mitochondria]. AB - Results are presented of mathematical analysis of succinate dehydrogenase and NADH-dehydrogenase activities in mitochondria of rabbit brain. The type of the function describing the correlation between the enzymes is found to be independent of changes in the environments. PMID- 7135519 TI - [Diagnostic value of ultrasonography, infusion tomography of the gallbladder and 99mTc-DIDA hepatobiliary scanning in cases of suspected cholecystitis]. PMID- 7135520 TI - [Percutaneous knee joint operations with an arthroscopic technic]. PMID- 7135521 TI - [Kinesiology of the Monk prosthesis. A radiological study]. PMID- 7135522 TI - [Determination of bleeding time by the Ivy method]. PMID- 7135523 TI - [Spontaneous disappearance of renal calculi in a child with bilateral fractures of the femur]. PMID- 7135524 TI - [Rupture of the Achilles tendon after local steroid injection]. PMID- 7135525 TI - [Symmetrical bilateral fracture of the 1st rib]. PMID- 7135526 TI - [Prader-Willi syndrome]. PMID- 7135527 TI - [Leukemic infiltration into the central nervous system in chronic lymphatic leukemia]. PMID- 7135528 TI - [Information and knowledge about urinary infections in the Danish population]. PMID- 7135529 TI - [Biological and social characteristics in pregnant girls aged 14-19 years]. PMID- 7135530 TI - [Proposals for the prevention of fulminating infection after splenectomy]. PMID- 7135531 TI - [Alternatives to splenectomy]. PMID- 7135532 TI - [Surgical complications and fulminating infections following elective splenectomy for hematological disease. A 10-year retrospective study]. PMID- 7135533 TI - [Practical directives for modern electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)]. PMID- 7135535 TI - [Late results of the operative treatment of funnel chest]. PMID- 7135534 TI - [Sagittal technic for leg amputation for vascular insufficiency. A retrospective study]. PMID- 7135536 TI - [Emepronium (Cetiprin) and corrosive injuries in the mouth and esophagus]. PMID- 7135537 TI - [Intrauterine exposure to saccharine and risk of cancer of the bladder in man]. PMID- 7135538 TI - [Hepatitis B surface antigen. Evaluation of various methods for use in blood donor screening]. PMID- 7135539 TI - [Preventive services for preschool children in the primary health service. VI. Consumer's evaluation of child health examinations by physicians and home visits by the health visitor]. PMID- 7135540 TI - [Compulsory military service. Stress reactions during military service]. PMID- 7135541 TI - [Publication survey of medical societies in 1981]. PMID- 7135542 TI - [Building up of a new malformation register by the Health Board]. PMID- 7135544 TI - [Surgical treatment of severe drooling in mentally retarded patients]. PMID- 7135543 TI - [Pressure ulcers and paraplegia. Reconstruction of sensory soft tissue coverage using a neurovascular island flap]. PMID- 7135545 TI - [Sequelae of Osgood-Schlatter disease in adults]. PMID- 7135546 TI - [Influence of hemodialysis on heart minute volume and oxygen balance of the myocardium]. PMID- 7135547 TI - [Provocation of coronary artery spasm]. PMID- 7135548 TI - [Prevention of recurrence of malaria with primaquine]. PMID- 7135549 TI - [Subclavian artery aneurysm as a late complication of clavicular fracture]. PMID- 7135550 TI - [Endoscopic papillotomy in juxtapapillary duodenal diverticula]. PMID- 7135551 TI - [Anal atresia combined with unilateral agenesis of the ovary and uterine tube]. PMID- 7135552 TI - [Intestinal tuberculosis]. PMID- 7135553 TI - [Organic solvents and presenile dementia. A screening study of a work place]. PMID- 7135554 TI - [Exposure to formaldehyde and lung cancer in Danish physicians]. PMID- 7135555 TI - [Register of congenital anomalies in the County of Funen. III. Geographical differences]. PMID- 7135556 TI - [Biliary atresia and neonatal hepatitis. Differential diagnosis and therapeutic possibilities in neonatal cholestatic hepatitis]. PMID- 7135557 TI - [Surgical treatment of biliary atresia]. PMID- 7135558 TI - [Blunt frontal neck trauma. II. Clinical picture and late results]. PMID- 7135559 TI - [Thrombosis prevention in Denmark. Results of a questionnaire study]. PMID- 7135560 TI - [Measurement of blood glucose with the Glucometer]. PMID- 7135561 TI - [Skin circulation in regular smokers]. PMID- 7135562 TI - [Jet ventilation for direct laryngoscopy]. PMID- 7135563 TI - [Acute epiglottitis]. PMID- 7135564 TI - [Alloplastic knee replacement by the Marmor method]. PMID- 7135565 TI - [Duodenal compression in children. Radiology and symptoms in 10 children]. PMID- 7135566 TI - [Regional intravenous anesthesia without a bloodless field. Residual nerve block following intravenous block with bupivacaine (Marcain)]. PMID- 7135567 TI - [Polycystic kidney diagnosed ante partum by ultrasonic scanning]. PMID- 7135568 TI - [Foreign body as the cause of small intestinal intussusception]. PMID- 7135569 TI - [Atypical course of infectious mononucleosis]. PMID- 7135570 TI - [Commitment of mentally ill]. PMID- 7135571 TI - [Blunt frontal neck trauma. I. Incidence and type of injury]. PMID- 7135572 TI - [Violence-related injuries a prospective study]. PMID- 7135573 TI - [Political abuse of psychiatry-seen from an international viewpoint]. PMID- 7135574 TI - [Hyaline membrane disease in the newborn. Results from 10-year study. Seasonal variations in mortality--folic acid deficiency?]. PMID- 7135575 TI - [Chlamydia trachomatis as the cause of conjunctivitis in infants]. PMID- 7135576 TI - [Acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 7135577 TI - [Contact lenses]. PMID- 7135578 TI - [Survey of the literature by means of the EPOS/VIRA system]. PMID- 7135579 TI - [Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and acute intravascular hemolysis. Discrepancy between the degree of hemolysis and cold agglutinin titer]. PMID- 7135580 TI - [Myasthenia gravis treated by plasmapheresis and immunosuppressive therapy]. PMID- 7135581 TI - [Amebic necrosis of the liver]. PMID- 7135583 TI - [The need for teaching gerontology and geriatrics in the medical curriculum a debate]. PMID- 7135582 TI - [Radial scars or infiltrating epitheliosis in the body of the breast]. PMID- 7135584 TI - [The Danish-Saudi-Arabian health project in Jizan. Status after 6 months]. PMID- 7135585 TI - [Heights and weights of Danish children]. PMID- 7135586 TI - [Fatal poisoning]. PMID- 7135587 TI - [Reconstruction of the deep femoral artery in chronic ischemia of the lower limb. Description of 3 types]. PMID- 7135588 TI - [Granulomatous skin reactions following tattooing]. PMID- 7135589 TI - [The effects of parathyroid hormone on renal function in normal individuals and patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism]. PMID- 7135590 TI - [Pancytopenia in vitamin B 12 and folic acid deficiencies]. PMID- 7135591 TI - [Gastrobronchial fistula]. PMID- 7135592 TI - [Recurrent ventricular fibrillation resulting from decrease in serum potassium within the normal range]. PMID- 7135593 TI - [Volvulus as a complication of endometriosis in the small intestine]. PMID- 7135594 TI - [Poisoning with sneezing powder]. PMID- 7135596 TI - [Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis]. PMID- 7135595 TI - [Postinfectious varicella arthritis]. PMID- 7135597 TI - [New local steroids]. PMID- 7135598 TI - [Hypotension]. PMID- 7135600 TI - [The Jizan project. Experience gained by the Danish Board of Health during the 1st year of cooperation with Saudi Arabia]. PMID- 7135599 TI - [Medical and surgical injuries in exercise arrangements]. PMID- 7135601 TI - [Health advices for travellers]. PMID- 7135602 TI - [Delirium tremens]. PMID- 7135603 TI - [Throat infections. Clinical and microbiological diagnosis]. PMID- 7135604 TI - [Intestinal tuberculosis in the municipality of Copenhagen in 1971-1980]. PMID- 7135605 TI - [Pseudocyst in the adrenal gland]. PMID- 7135607 TI - [Delirium tremens--incidence and prevention]. PMID- 7135606 TI - [Use of hospital beds in 1979]. PMID- 7135609 TI - [Hospital admission of residents of the county of Ringkoping to departments for somatic disease outside the county]. PMID- 7135608 TI - [Preventive services for pre-school children in the primary health service. VII. Health educational assessment of routine health examinations by the general practitioner and home visits by the health visitor]. PMID- 7135610 TI - [Value of intravenous urography as a routine examination in infravesical obstruction]. PMID- 7135611 TI - [Drowning and near-drowning accidents among children admitted to hospital in the Southern district of the County of Copenhagen 1967-1978]. PMID- 7135612 TI - [Colposuspension by the Buch method. A clinical and urodynamic evaluation]. PMID- 7135613 TI - [Penicillin-induced liver involvement in rheumatoid arthritis. A review illustrated by a case report]. PMID- 7135614 TI - [Lactate acidosis]. PMID- 7135615 TI - [Diffusion emphysema following ventilation with N20/02 in status asthmaticus]. PMID- 7135616 TI - [Polycystic kidney diagnosed during pregnancy]. PMID- 7135617 TI - [Monosymptomatic abducens paresis caused by intracranial aneurysm]. PMID- 7135618 TI - [Recurrent toxic shock syndrome in a man after surgery for a pilonidal cyst]. PMID- 7135619 TI - [Connatal teeth]. PMID- 7135620 TI - [Ambulatory patients in psychiatric inpatients and day wards in the County of Arhus]. PMID- 7135621 TI - [Examination of acute psychiatric patients]. PMID- 7135622 TI - Cryomicroscopy and radiation damage. International Study Group for Cryo Electron Microscopy Workshop. Schloss Ringberg am Tegernsee, 9-14 November 1981. PMID- 7135623 TI - Cryo electron microscopy. PMID- 7135625 TI - Properties of organic specimens and their supports at 4 K under irradiation in an electron microscope. AB - Radiation damage is one of the most severe problems in the electron microscopy of organic materials. Observations which were made in an electron microscope with a superconducting lens system have shown that the damage caused by the electron beam is considerably reduced by one to two orders of magnitude if the specimen is cooled to liquid helium temperature (4.2 K). This cryoprotection is even higher in favorable cases, particularly when embedded specimens are used. The cryoprotection decreases for specimens mounted on plastic carrier films due to the low thermal and electrical conductivity of these materials at low temperatures. PMID- 7135626 TI - The "EM" program system. AB - "EM" is a computer program system concerned with the processing of electron micrographs. It provides facilities for two- and three-dimensional image reconstruction, correlation, filtering, etc. as well as for storage and display of image data. A description of the scientific aims, the system design, and the possibilities to display pictures is given. The handling of the command language is illustrated by some examples. PMID- 7135624 TI - Preparation of biological cryosections for analytical electron microscopy. AB - A cooling chain for studies of ultrastructure and elemental composition of cryofixed biological cells and tissues is described. The technique is demonstrated for yeast cells. The preparation steps such as cryofixation, cryosectioning, transfer into the electron microscope as well as imaging and X ray microanalysis in the STEM are discussed with respect to the present possibilities and problems. Whereas freeze-dried cryosections can be studied routinely, imaging of the ultrastructure and measurement of the elemental distribution in frozen-hydrated sections turn out to be limited. PMID- 7135627 TI - Reproducibility of electron diffraction intensity data obtained from hydrated microcrystals of rat hemoglobin. AB - Analysis of electron diffraction patterns from rat hemoglobin taken at 200 kV on a wet stage yields intensity data to a resolution of 2-3 A which are as reproducible as those from typical X-ray diffraction. Some crystals were so similar that the differences in measured intensities were insignificant (R = 0.056), but in other cases real differences between crystals were observed (R = 0.33). Dynamic scattering was insignificant under our diffraction conditions; however, exposures to electron doses as low as 10(-2) e/A2 produced detectable changes in measured intensities. Limits to the reproducibility of the data are set by radiation damage and errors in microdensitometry. PMID- 7135628 TI - Towards higher resolution in biomolecular electron microscopy. AB - Technical advances in electron microscopy have opened up exciting prospects to peer into the finest details of biomolecular organisation. Unfortunately, the potential of today's instruments cannot be fully exploited due to the intrinsic susceptibility of biological specimens to dehydration and electron irradiation. A survey is given of recent activities and trends aimed at overcoming these limitations. PMID- 7135629 TI - Methods for studying the dynamic behavior of biological macromolecules. PMID- 7135630 TI - Stereochemistry of iron in deoxyhaemoglobin. AB - The EXAFS of human deoxyhaemoglobin closely resembles that of a synthetic model in which the displacement of the iron from the mean porphyrin plane is 0.426 +/- 0.004 A, similar to the displacement of 0.56 +/- 0.03 A found by single crystal X ray analysis of deoxyhaemoglobin. We find the same Fe-N of 2.06 +/- 0.01 A distance as Eisenberger et al., but show that the displacement of the iron from the nitrogen plane cannot be calculated from that distance. PMID- 7135631 TI - Spinal decompression sickness: mechanical studies and a model. AB - Six experimental investigations of various mechanical aspects of the spinal cord are described relevant to its injury by gas deposited from solution by decompression. These show appreciable resistances to gas pockets dissipating by tracking along tissue boundaries or distending tissue, the back pressure often exceeding the probable blood perfusion pressure--particularly in the watershed zones. This leads to a simple mechanical model of spinal decompression sickness based on the vascular "waterfall" that is consistent with the pathology, the major quantitative aspects, and the symptomatology--especially the reversibility with recompression that is so difficult to explain by an embolic mechanism. The hypothesis is that autochthonous gas separating from solution in the spinal cord can reach sufficient local pressure to exceed the perfusion pressure and thus occlude blood flow. PMID- 7135632 TI - Operator performance in the one-atmosphere diving system JIM in water at 20 degrees C and 30 degrees C. AB - Performance and physiology of five operators of the one-atmosphere diving system JIM were assessed when diving JIM in mild (20 degrees C) and warm (30 degrees C) water. Each operator completed a minimum of 3 dives at each water temperature; during each dive 5 walks of 18 m and 3 step maneuvers were accomplished. At the conclusion of 40-min dives in water at 30 degrees C, operator heart rate averaged 151 beats/min, system interior temperature averaged 32.6 degrees C, and the mean respiration rate of operators was 28 breaths/min. Task completion times were faster in warm water. Thermal considerations in the deployment of the JIM system are discussed in relation to these data. PMID- 7135633 TI - Errors involved in using thermal flux transducers under various conditions. AB - Commercially available sensors are being used by several investigators to measure thermal flux through the skin and skin temperature at a given site. Since these transducers place an additional thermal resistance into the system, they perturb the quantities that are being measured. This problem has been analyzed theoretically to obtain the following relatively simple equations: (Q0 - Q)/Q0 = EQ = QRt/(Ta - Te) and (Ts - Ts,0)/(Ta - Te) = [EQ/(1 - EQ)] [1 - EQ2 - (Ts - Te)/(Ta - Te)] in which Q = measured thermal flux; Rt = thermal resistance of the transducer; Ta, Ts, and Te = deep tissue, skin, and environmental temperatures, respectively; and the subscript 0 denotes unperturbed values. These equations can be rearranged easily to obtain improved estimates for the unperturbed values, Q0 and Ts,0, using the measured values, Q and Ts. Use of these relationships to estimate errors for various conditions previously reported in the literature reveals that the EQ can be as large as 10% to 20% for nude subjects in hyperbaric heliox or water, and the error in skin temperature can exceed 1 degree C. When used under a 1-clo garment, the transducer will perturb Q by 4% and Ts by 0.3 degrees C. PMID- 7135634 TI - Combined effect of beating rate and hydrostatic pressure on excitation in cardiac muscle. AB - Canine cardiac Purkinje fibers stimulated at frequencies from 1-4 Hz were exposed to hydrostatic pressures of 1 and 150 ATA. Both increases in stimulation frequency and pressure slowed conduction and decreased maximum upstroke velocity of the action potential. Depression of these variables was greatest when rapid rate and elevated pressure were combined. Membrane potential decreased at 150 ATA at all frequencies. Post-overdrive hyperpolarization was reduced 45% at 150 ATA. Action potential duration increased at 150 ATA at all frequencies. Elevated pressure had no effect on the interval dependence of repolarization time to -60 mV but had a slight effect on time to full repolarization. Pressure effect on resting potential was reduced in elevated extracellular potassium. Arrhythmias developed in more than 50% of the tissues at 150 ATA and a frequency of 4 Hz. The results are discussed with respect to ionic mechanisms underlying action potential propagation, to electrogenic pump activity, and to the arrhythmogenic nature of pressure-frequency interactions. PMID- 7135635 TI - Effect of high pressure on EEG burst suppression dose of thiopental in rats. AB - The anesthetic induction dose of thiopental in rats was studied at 1 ATA air, 1 ATA helium-oxygen (He-O2), 4 ATA air, and at 4 ATA air plus 67 ATA helium (71 ATA). The compression rate was 0.3 ATA/min, and 1 h was spent at pressure before the experiment started. Thiopental was infused at a rate of 7.5 mg X kg-1 X min 1. The depth of anesthesia was assessed by electroencephalographic (EEG) recording using burst suppression of 1 s as the biological end point. The mean induction dose at 1 ATA air was 53.1 mg/kg and at 71 ATA was 74.7 mg/kg, an increase of 41%. The induction doses at 1 ATA He-O2 and 4 ATA air were 46.4 mg/kg and 45.3 mg/kg, respectively. PMID- 7135636 TI - Effects of hyperbaric oxygen on heart, brain, and lung functions in rat. AB - Electrocardiogram (ECG), electrocorticogram (ECoG), and respiratory rate (RR) were monitored in awake, unrestrained rats during continuous exposure to 1, 3, and 5 ATA O2 until death. The RR showed a consistent pattern at 1 and 3 ATA O2, while no pattern at 5 ATA O2 was observed. A characteristic pattern in heart rate (HR) was demonstrated at 3 ATA O2. At 5 ATA O2 a continuous reduction in HR occurred, while at 1 ATA O2 no significant change was found. The ECG at 3 ATA O2 showed various arrhythmias prior to convulsions, which were severely intensified concurrently with and following convulsions and respiratory distress. The ECG arrhythmias at 1 ATA O2 occurred after the first day of exposure and were intensified during respiratory distress and increased RR. The ECG arrhythmias at 5 ATA O2 usually occurred following the appearance of the first paroxysmal cortical electrical discharges (FED), and were extremely intensified following the onset of the first generalized clinical convulsions. Increased slow-wave activity in ECoG preceded the onset of the FED at 3 and 5 ATA O2. During days 2 and 3 at 1 ATA O2 the ECoG mostly contained slow and low-amplitude waves. The different levels of oxygen in this study often showed different effects on a particular physiological parameter. It is concluded that alterations in ECG, ECoG, HR, and RR at some pressures signal the appearance of severe pathophysiological changes during prolonged hyperbaric oxygen exposure in rats, and that the relations of these effects are not uniform at all oxygen pressures. PMID- 7135637 TI - Basic issues in prescribing preventive decompression. PMID- 7135638 TI - [Arthrodesis of the hip joint. Indications, biomechanic planning, performance and results]. PMID- 7135639 TI - [Arthrodesis of the knee joint: indication and technique]. PMID- 7135640 TI - [Screw-fixation in arthrodesis of the ankle-joint]. PMID- 7135642 TI - [Operative fusion of the vertebral column]. PMID- 7135641 TI - [Arthrodesis after injuries of the wrist]. PMID- 7135643 TI - [Impacted fracture of the femoral neck in children]. PMID- 7135644 TI - [Measurements of force in case of external compression osteosynthesis in the fracture gap of the human being]. PMID- 7135646 TI - [Posttraumatic 131J-19-cholesterol incorporation of the suprarenal gland of rats]. PMID- 7135645 TI - [Computed tomography in injuries of the spine]. PMID- 7135648 TI - [Preoperative roentgen diagnosis in recurrent shoulder dislocation]. PMID- 7135647 TI - [Knee joint endoprostheses--results of a follow-up]. PMID- 7135649 TI - [Ligamentous pelvic ring injuries. Treatment and late results]. PMID- 7135650 TI - [Indications and technic for the stabilization of the posterior Volkmann's triangle in malleolar fractures]. PMID- 7135651 TI - [Replacement of traumatically destroyed finger joints by St. Georg's prostheses]. PMID- 7135652 TI - [Bilateral perilunar dislocation fracture]. PMID- 7135653 TI - [Two training programs: orientation]. PMID- 7135654 TI - [Health of the elderly person]. PMID- 7135655 TI - [Helping behavior in nursing care: a frequently ignored reality]. PMID- 7135657 TI - [Nursing and health: a point of view]. PMID- 7135656 TI - [Nursing and anthropology: two "crossroad sciences" on an intertwining course]. PMID- 7135658 TI - [Priorities in nursing research in Quebec in the 80's]. PMID- 7135659 TI - [Health insurance in Quebec: objectives of the medical profession and of society. 2. Objectives of society]. PMID- 7135660 TI - [Diuretics in the treatment of arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7135661 TI - [A fish story: parasito]. PMID- 7135662 TI - [Evaluation of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. II. Action potentials of motor units isolated in the non-ambulatory stage]. PMID- 7135663 TI - [Congenital and infant cataracts: 1--Etiology and methods of study]. PMID- 7135664 TI - [The eye and the child: the most widespread false concepts]. PMID- 7135665 TI - [Report of the New Brunswick Task Force on the environment and Reye's syndrome]. PMID- 7135666 TI - [Attitude to aging and the elderly]. PMID- 7135668 TI - A clinical study of 30 gastric carcinoids. AB - The clinical picture in 30 patients operated on for gastric carcinoids was studied retrospectively. There were 12 men and 18 women, with an age range of 32 79 years (mean 57 years). The tumours were located in the corpus area of the stomach in more than half of the patients and in one-third were relatively small (less than or equal to 1 cm). Four patients had multiple tumours. Metastases were found in eight patients, mostly those with larger primary tumours. In no case was the carcinoid syndrome present. The patients presented symptoms simulating those of more common affections of the stomach, such as polyps, ulcer and carcinoma. Barium contrast study and gastroscopy did not reveal the true nature of the gastric disease and even biopsy of the stomach failed to give a correct preoperative diagnosis in four of five patients. Since six patients had achylia preoperatively, it is emphasized that the possibility of a gastric carcinoid, especially in the corpus area, is more likely in association with this condition. PMID- 7135667 TI - Fatty acid composition of serum lipids in diabetic children and their matched healthy controls. AB - The fatty acid compositions of the serum cholesterol esters, phospholipids and triglycerides were determined in 28 insulin-dependent diabetic children and 13 healthy controls. The diabetic children were on a regulated diet and the disease was under good control. The relative contents of linoleic and arachidonic acids were higher in the serum lipids of the diabetics than in the controls as could be expected from the dietary advice given. However, the degree of diabetic control was not significantly correlated to the fatty acid content of any lipid fraction. The serum concentration of apolipoprotein (apo) A-I was directly correlated to the content of polyunsaturated fat and the ratio between polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids in the triglycerides. The apo A-II concentration was significantly correlated to the ratio between homo-gamma-linolenic and arachidonic acid in all serum lipid esters. No similar relationships were seen among the healthy controls. The different relationships between serum apolipoprotein concentrations and the fatty acid composition in serum in diabetics and controls is compatible with the hypothesis that not only the quantity but also the quality of the serum lipoproteins are different in these two categories of children. PMID- 7135669 TI - Neonatal convulsions treated with continuous, intravenous infusion of diazepam. AB - Eight patients born at term in the years 1974-76, with neonatal convulsions due to severe perinatal asphyxia, were treated for 6-11 days with continuous intravenous infusion of diazepam. Doses of 1.0-1.5 mg per hour (mg/h) were usually required to stop the convulsions. In one infant 2.75 mg/h was needed. During the treatment, all infants had measurable serum concentrations of diazepam, half of them above 35 mumol/1. The convulsions stopped in all eight infants, and did not return after discontinuation of the infusion. Side-effects were noted in all infants, but they were all able to breathe adequately. At follow-up the psychomotor development was normal in all cases and there were no signs of neurological disorders, except in one patient, in whom mild epilepsy was observed. Continuous infusion of diazepam should be given in doses of at least 1 mg/h (corresponding to around 0.3 mg/kg h) to stop convulsions in full-term infants efficiently and should be increased under close supervision and with monitoring of respiration and heart rate until treatment is effective. PMID- 7135670 TI - Thermodynamical aspects of the determination of bicarbonate in urine. AB - Despite the fact that the composition of urine varies a lot during the day, this has essentially been neglected as a factor of importance in determinations of urine bicarbonate. The investigations reviewed in combination with an own study shows that qualitative and quantitative factors in urine composition impacts the solubility of carbon dioxide as well as the dissociation constant for the bicarbonate buffer system. These two "constants" are of outstanding importance in the determination of bicarbonate, using the total carbonic acid method as well as the carbon dioxide equilibration method. Nomograms are presented to quantify the influence of different urine compositions on the determinations of bicarbonate in final urine and tubular fluid. PMID- 7135672 TI - Peripheral embolization of separated angiographic catheter. PMID- 7135671 TI - Oxygen tension alterations in the intervertebral disc as a response to changes in the arterial blood. AB - Measurements of oxygen tension in the canine lumbar intervertebral disc, by the use of a polarographic oxygen electrode, were performed. The oxygen tension in the arterial blood was changed by regulating the oxygen concentration in the inspired air. The alterations in oxygen tension in the nucleus pulposus, as a function of distance to the vertebral endplate were determined. The response times registered in the disc matrix were relatively short (within five min.), which implies an efficient solute transport from the vertebral blood pool underneath the hyaline cartilage into the avascular intervertebral disc. PMID- 7135673 TI - The amount of adenine nucleotides and glycolytic intermediates in erythrocytes, liver and muscle tissue correlated with the body weight (age) in Wistar rats. AB - The concentrations of adenine nucleotides in the liver and skeletal muscle increased during the maturation period (during the first 100 days of life) and remained fairly constant in adult rats. The concentration of adenine nucleotides in erythrocytes decreased with age. The concentrations of hexose monophosphates increased with age in liver and muscle tissue and decreased with age in erythrocytes. The observed changes of metabolites in the different tissues with increasing age of rats could not be explained by a changed water content. PMID- 7135674 TI - Treatment of detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia by bio-feedback. PMID- 7135675 TI - Pacemaker process of ureteral peristalsis in multicalyceal kidneys. AB - The mechanical activity of isolated strips from different areas of the pyeloureteral system was investigated in 10 pigs: calyx, renal pelvis, pyeloureteral junction and ureter. Additionally, electrical activity was measured in some pyeloureteral preparations using the sucrose-gap technique. Regular spontaneous activity with an average frequency of 9.5/min was recorded in calyceal strips, decreasing to 5.4/min in renal pelvis, 5.7/min in pyeloureteral preparations and to 1.2/min in ureteral preparations. The activity of renal pelvis, pyeloureteral and ureteral preparations was less regular, and bursts of fast activity (near 10/min) could be observed in all these preparations. The membrane potential of pyeloureteral strips showed spontaneous generator oscillations of about 10/min. Variations in the pattern of ureteral peristalsis are due to different coupling ratios of membrane potential oscillations to contractions. Adrenaline (10(-5) mol/l) increased the frequency of the oscillations and enhanced their manifestation in the mechanical recordings, whereas tetraethylammonium (5-20 mmol/l) only increased the coupling ratio. The following concept for the generation of ureteral peristalsis in multicalyceal kidneys is developed: several (primary) oscillators exist in the calyces; in the pyeloureteral junction a (secondary) pacemaker exists which has an intrinsic frequency similar to that of the calyceal pacemakers; both processes cooperate in the generation of ureteral peristalsis. PMID- 7135676 TI - [Paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma in children]. PMID- 7135677 TI - Experimental infection in uremic rats: preliminary observations. PMID- 7135678 TI - Erectile impotence--clinical experience with the phalloplethysmography. AB - The clinical experience and results of NPT recording on three different groups of patients (a group of normals, a group with high suspicion of psychogenic impotence and a group of organic impotence with a well-known etiology) are reported here. A new classification of erectile capacity which is not only based on change in circumference of the penis, but also on duration of complete erection and rigidity of the penis is proposed. The phalloplethysmography, which is based on the REM-related tumescence is a reliable method for discrimination between organic and psychogenic impotence. A rigidity test, however, is essentially for the detection of insufficient rigidity in spite of normal penile expansion during NPT recording. PMID- 7135679 TI - Urethrography and urethroscopy in males. A prospective study in the diagnosis of urethral stenosis before prostatectomy. PMID- 7135680 TI - [Use of BCG vaccine in the combined treatment of patients with tumors of the urinary bladder]. PMID- 7135681 TI - [Intra- and postoperative electrouterography and pyelomanometry in hydronephrosis in children]. PMID- 7135683 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of urethral strictures complicated by a false passage]. PMID- 7135682 TI - [Indications for nephrectomy after unsuccessful plastic surgery on the upper urinary tract in children]. PMID- 7135684 TI - [Combined studies of urodynamics in children with enuresis and urinary incontinence]. PMID- 7135685 TI - [Causes of acute lesions of hydatids of the testis and its appendices]. PMID- 7135687 TI - [Epidemic parotitis as one of the causes of male infertility]. PMID- 7135686 TI - [Electrospermography, a new diagnostic test for male sterility]. PMID- 7135688 TI - [Various unresolved problems in pyelonephritis in children]. PMID- 7135689 TI - [Diagnosis and tactics of treating apostematous pyelonephritis and carbuncles of the kidney]. PMID- 7135690 TI - [Features of erythropoiesis in chronic pyelonephritis]. PMID- 7135691 TI - [Reconstruction of an external arteriovenous shunt into a subcutaneous fistula]. PMID- 7135692 TI - [Priapism in glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7135693 TI - [Oleogranuloma of the sex organs]. PMID- 7135694 TI - [Prospidin cream in the treatment of pointed condylomata acuminata]. PMID- 7135695 TI - [Controlled hypervolemic intraoperative hemodilution in children with nephrolithiasis]. PMID- 7135696 TI - Prediction of survival and recurrence in bladder carcinoma. AB - We have followed a large population of patients receiving radiation treatment for bladder carcinoma with respect to survival and recurrence-free survival. Bivariate and multivariate life table analyses have been performed using a set of independent variables. The most important were T class, grade (G), urinary carcinoembryonic antigen (U-CEA) taken before treatment and cytological analysis 4 months after treatment. We compared the usual way of classifying a patient (T + G) with the combination of U-CEA and cytology since the latter two variables seemed to have great prognostic importance. The analyses show that T + G gives the best significance for survival (p = 0.0003) while U-CEA and cytology is better for recurrence-free survival (rho = 0.0002). 0.0002). PMID- 7135697 TI - Effect of partial cystectomy on the induction of pre-neoplastic lesions in rat bladder initiated with N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine followed by bladder carcinogens and promoters. AB - The effect of partial cystectomy on the occurrence of pre-neoplastic lesions, papillary or nodular hyperplasia (PN hyperplasia), of the bladder in male F344 rats was studied in an experiment in which bladder carcinogens and promoters were given to the rats after initiation with BBN. The bladder carcinogens tested were N-ethyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (EHBN) and N-4[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2 thiazolyl]formamide (FANFT) and the bladder promoters were sodium saccharin, sodium cyclamate, and DL-tryptophan. Partial cystectomy significantly decreased the occurrence of PN hyperplasia in rats treated with EHBN and tended to inhibit that in rats given saccharin or tryptophan. Thus partial cystectomy inhibited rather than enhanced the induction of PN hyperplasia. PMID- 7135699 TI - Urethral replacement with autologous venous graft: an experimental study in the dog. PMID- 7135698 TI - The effect of orally administered cadmium on the ultrastructure of the rat prostate. AB - The effects of cadmium and nickel chloride, administered in drinking water at 5 and 50 ppm, on the rat prostate are described. Zinc concentrations in the two lobes of the gland were unaffected by the metals and no consistent changes were observed at the subcellular level by X-ray microanalysis. The ultrastructural appearance of the prostate gland in rats of varying ages was unaltered following cadmium administration at those levels, while plasma testosterone concentrations did not differ significantly in cadmium treated animals. Low levels of cadmium (less than 5 ppm) were accumulated by the ventral lobe of the prostate, although the metal was not detectable subcellularly. The results are discussed in relation to human prostatic carcinoma. PMID- 7135701 TI - Mammalian skeletal muscle: an interpretation of the scanning electron microscopic image. PMID- 7135700 TI - Irritant skin reactions to urostomal adhesives. PMID- 7135702 TI - Comparative morphology of the North American species of Spinitectus (Nematoda: Spirurida) analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 7135704 TI - Image reversal in microscopy. PMID- 7135706 TI - Long term prognosis of the surgical treatment of congenital heart disease. PMID- 7135703 TI - Luxury consumption of phosphorus by five Cladophora epiphytes in Lake Huron. PMID- 7135705 TI - Ontogenetic changes in the digestive tract of the larval gizzard shad, Dorosoma cepedianum. PMID- 7135708 TI - Address by Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Aetna Life & Casualty Company. PMID- 7135707 TI - Psychiatry for the 80's: old problems, new prospects. PMID- 7135709 TI - Dynamic chest roentgenography (ECG-gated interlaced radiography system) for evaluation of heart and great vessels. PMID- 7135710 TI - Experimental underwriting program: preliminary report. PMID- 7135711 TI - Mortality in 4100 insured applicants with ECG and chest X-ray: relation to cardiovascular and other risk factors, including relative heart diameter. PMID- 7135712 TI - Paramedical examination quality control: one company's approach. PMID- 7135714 TI - INSURE project on lifecycle preventive health services: a progress report. PMID- 7135715 TI - Malignant melanoma--prognosis. PMID- 7135716 TI - Inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 7135713 TI - Address by President, American Medical Association. PMID- 7135717 TI - Surgical problems of inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 7135718 TI - [Microsurgical treatment of secondary glaucomas]. PMID- 7135719 TI - [Narrow-glaucoma in young persons and its surgical and laser treatment]. PMID- 7135721 TI - [Features of ocular pathology among the indigenous inhabitants of Chukotka]. PMID- 7135720 TI - [Effect of different drug bases on the miotic effect of pilocarpine]. PMID- 7135722 TI - [Late results of intralamellar scleroplasty in highly progressive myopia]. PMID- 7135723 TI - [Volume of myopic eyes and its relation to refraction]. PMID- 7135724 TI - [Anterior keratotomy as a method of correcting mild and moderate myopia]. PMID- 7135725 TI - [Age and changes in the biochemical and biomechanical indices of the sclera in healthy subjects and myopia]. PMID- 7135726 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the results of campimetry and perimetry of Bjerrum's zone in patients with the early stages of glaucoma]. PMID- 7135727 TI - [Results of extrascleral alloscleroplasty with thymol preservation in highly progressive myopia]. PMID- 7135728 TI - [Cycloplegia in mild myopia]. PMID- 7135729 TI - [Several indices of the acid-base status of myopic schoolchildren]. PMID- 7135730 TI - [Intracapsular implantation and its place in the intraocular correction of aphakia]. PMID- 7135731 TI - [Use of fluorescence angiography in the early diagnosis of papilledema]. PMID- 7135732 TI - [Local hemo- and hydrodynamics of the eye following eye surgery in children with ketalar monoanesthesia]. PMID- 7135733 TI - [Clinical observations of progressive photopic dysfunction]. PMID- 7135734 TI - [Immunity disorders in uveitis patients with systemic and syndromal diseases]. PMID- 7135735 TI - [Role of changes in chorioretinal structures in the mechanism of the therapeutic effect of argon lasers (experimental study)]. PMID- 7135736 TI - [Laser retinometry in lens opacities]. PMID- 7135737 TI - [Glaucoma surgery--deep sclerectomy]. PMID- 7135738 TI - [Immobilized streptokinase (streptodecase) in the treatment of intraocular hemorrhages]. PMID- 7135740 TI - [Reduction in the productivity of stereophotogrammetrists and their occupational selection]. PMID- 7135739 TI - [Experience with the use of solcoseryl in the treatment of corneal diseases]. PMID- 7135741 TI - [Ultrasonic scanning in the diagnosis of retinoblastomas]. PMID- 7135743 TI - [Successful filling of a defect in the ulnar nerve with an autograft 16 cm long]. PMID- 7135742 TI - [All-purpose set of microsurgical instruments for ophthalmology]. PMID- 7135744 TI - [Treatment of proctologic patients in polyclinics]. PMID- 7135745 TI - [Provisions for transfusions in surgery involving acute occlusion of the hepatoduodenal ligament]. PMID- 7135746 TI - [Vagotomy in the emergency treatment of duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 7135747 TI - [Diseases of the greater omentum in emergency surgery]. PMID- 7135748 TI - [Improvements in the diaphyseal plate for surgical treatment of trochanteric fractures of the femur]. PMID- 7135749 TI - [Blood prolactin levels and functional status of the sympatho-adrenal system during complex treatment of breast cancer]. PMID- 7135750 TI - [Blood circulation in a stomach transplant after Kirschner esophagoplasty]. PMID- 7135751 TI - [Laparocentesis in the diagnosis of acute surgical diseases and injuries of organs of the abdominal cavity]. PMID- 7135752 TI - [Changes in stomach volume after vagotomy in duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 7135753 TI - [Etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of different forms of acute suppuration of the lungs]. PMID- 7135754 TI - [Principal reasons for repeated surgery in gastroduodenal ulcer and ways of preventing it]. PMID- 7135755 TI - [Segmental structure of the human liver]. PMID- 7135756 TI - [Enterostomy with intubation of the small intestine in the complex treatment of diffuse suppurative peritonitis]. PMID- 7135757 TI - [Raynaud's syndrome in occlusive diseases of vessels of the upper extremities]. PMID- 7135758 TI - [Treatment of patients with a single lower extremity with obliterating diseases of the aorto-iliac and femoro-popliteal areas]. PMID- 7135759 TI - [Rheographic diagnosis of hemodynamic shifts in venous insufficiency of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7135760 TI - ["Pressure-volume" relationship in the development of hemodynamic relationships in diseases of the veins of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7135761 TI - [Metastatic staphylococcal destruction of the lungs]. PMID- 7135762 TI - [Intraorgan angioarchitectonics of the large intestine in portal hypertension in a transillumination image]. PMID- 7135763 TI - [Pancreatic injuries and traumatic pancreatitis]. PMID- 7135764 TI - [Surgical treatment of fractures of the base of the acetabulum]. PMID- 7135765 TI - [Fixation with pins and extra-focal compression-distraction osteosynthesis in open diaphyseal fractures of the shin bones]. PMID- 7135766 TI - [Determination of optimum physical activity for congenital heart defect patients after surgery]. PMID- 7135767 TI - [Specific immunotherapy in children with acute pyocyaneus destructive pneumonia]. PMID- 7135768 TI - [Blood supply in congenital crural pseudarthrosis in children]. PMID- 7135770 TI - Nutritional myopathy in a cat. AB - A case of nutritional myopathy in a cat primarily caused by vitamin E deficiency is described. The animal which had been fed a diet consisting almost entirely of boiled Norwegian coley, was presented with swollen muscles in both the hind and fore legs. Sections of biopsy material revealed chronic, severe myositis, with normal muscle tissue undergoing a series of degenerative changes. Correct dietary management, with multivitamin and mineral supplementation, led to a complete clinical recovery, the cat regaining full use of its legs within 14 days. PMID- 7135769 TI - Copper supplementation of drinking water for cattle grazing molybdenum-rich pastures. AB - A field trial was carried out with young cattle grazing molybdenum-rich pastures to test the efficacy of supplying copper salts in drinking water. One group was given two copper injections and 1.8 kg barley supplemented with 125 mg/kg copper, while the other received drinking water containing 2 to 3 mg/litre copper as copper sulphate supplied by means of a proportioner. The results demonstrated that this low concentration of copper in the water was effective in maintaining normal blood levels and in preventing scouring and subsequent loss of condition. The proportioner was capable of finely controlling the level of copper added to the water. PMID- 7135771 TI - Production of enteritis in pigs by the oral inoculation of pure cultures of Campylobacter coli. AB - Pure cultures of an isolate of Campylobacter coli obtained from small intestinal lesions in a seven-day-old piglet were used to inoculate hysterectomy derived, colostrum deprived piglets, conventional sucking piglets and conventional weaned pigs in three separate controlled experiments. Rectal temperatures rose to 40 degrees C in inoculated hysterectomy derived, colostrum deprived pigs within four days of infection and a mucoid yellowish diarrhoea containing occasional flecks of blood developed. C coli was isolated only from the faeces of the infected pigs and from all levels of their intestines at post mortem examination 12 days after inoculation. The small intestine was flaccid, pale and thickened in all cases, the contents were mucoid, the mucosa was hyperaemic and the mesenteric lymph nodes were enlarged. Mild villous atrophy and inflammatory changes were seen in the small intestines of the inoculated pigs. Mild colitis was present in both inoculated animals and controls. Agglutinating antibody to the inocular strain of C coli was present only in sera from the inoculated pigs at titres of up to 1:640. Similar changes were seen in conventional sucking piglets but in the weaned pigs no definite clinical signs were observed although the pathological changes were present. Both C coli and other enteric pathogens were present in the herd of origin of the conventional pigs. PMID- 7135772 TI - Recurrence of rinderpest in Nigeria. PMID- 7135773 TI - Incidence of bovine copper deficiency in England and the Welsh borders. PMID- 7135774 TI - Mucormycosis in the bovine abomasum. PMID- 7135775 TI - Management problems and disease in farmed deer. PMID- 7135776 TI - Performance of lambs from a clean grazing system subsequently grazed on contaminated pasture. PMID- 7135777 TI - Botulism in foxhounds. PMID- 7135778 TI - Herbal medicine. PMID- 7135779 TI - Continuing education for the veterinary profession. PMID- 7135780 TI - Pathogenesis of the downer cow syndrome. AB - A historical review of the downer cow literature is presented in order to provide a background for understanding current research. Initially thought to be an entity separate from parturient paresis, the condition has eventually come to be regarded as a complication of parturient paresis. Since many other factors also contribute to the syndrome, it is difficult to define precisely what is meant by the term 'downer cow'. A hypothesis that many primary factors, including parturient paresis, may cause the initial stage of recumbency is presented. This is followed by secondary muscle and nerve damage caused by tissue compression. This damage leads to permanent recumbency even if the primary factors have been ameliorated by therapeutic measures. Support for this hypothesis is given from the literature on cattle and other species and from recent experiments on cows. The concepts are applied to a discussion of prevention and therapy of downer cow cases. PMID- 7135781 TI - Epididymitis in a goat. PMID- 7135782 TI - Weather and BRSV infection. PMID- 7135783 TI - Survey of lameness in British dairy cattle. AB - During 1977 a survey was undertaken by practising veterinary surgeons of the incidence of different lesions causing lameness in dairy cattle. Forty-eight veterinary practices participated and they treated 7526 cases of lameness in 1821 herds. The average incidence of lameness among all cows was 5.5 per cent and the annual incidence among practices ranged from 1.8 to 11.8 per cent. Most lesions (88.3 per cent) occurred in the feet; the commonest were foul of the foot (16.7 per cent), white line abscess (15.6 per cent), sole ulcer (13.6 per cent), punctured sole and pus (10.4 per cent) and underrun heel (8.7 per cent). These proportions varied in different parts of the country. Eighty-four per cent of foot lesions occurred in the hind feet and of these lesions 85 per cent occurred in the outer claw; 42 per cent of foot lesions occurred in abnormally shaped claws. The remaining 11.7 per cent of lesions occurred in the legs and trunk, 76 per cent of which occurred in the hindlimb. Trauma was the main cause of leg lesions, which occurred most frequently in the joints and ligaments. PMID- 7135784 TI - Toxicity study of oxfendazole in pregnant sows. AB - The safety of oxfendazole when administered to pregnant sows was assessed. Thirty six pregnant sows were dosed orally on repeated occasions at dose rates of 4.5 mg/kg bodyweight and 13.5 mg/kg during the critical period of embryo organogenesis and implantation. Twelve sows were observed as untreated controls. Oxfendazole was administered as 6.48 per cent medicated pellets. Records were kept of the reproductive performance of all 48 sows. There were no obviously drug related clinical signs of toxicity in the sows after treatment with oxfendazole, neither were drug-related anatomical or behavioural abnormalities detected in the newborn pigs. PMID- 7135785 TI - Surgical relief of oesophageal impaction in a whooper swan. PMID- 7135787 TI - Anaesthesia in rabbits. PMID- 7135786 TI - Use of alphaxalone-alphadolone in ruminants. PMID- 7135788 TI - Trisomy of the X chromosome in a Murrah buffalo. PMID- 7135789 TI - Demodectic mange in goats. PMID- 7135791 TI - Hip luxation in small animals. PMID- 7135790 TI - Passive protection of lambs against septicaemic pasteurellosis. PMID- 7135792 TI - Two deaths resulting from apparent parenteral injection of strychnine. PMID- 7135793 TI - Fetal rat development as influenced by maternal lead exposure. AB - The teratogenic and neurologic effects of lead acetate on fetal rat development were investigated. Thirty-six female hooded rats were assigned to 4 treatment groups (0, 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg) and given daily oral doses of lead acetate. Animals were treated for 3 weeks prior to breeding and continuing throughout gestation. Rats were euthanized at day 20 of gestation. Blood sampling indicated that maternal blood lead concentrations in treated dams were maintained during gestation. Lead exposed groups had significant (at least p less than .01) maternal kidney and liver as well as fetal kidney lead content. Conceptus weight was significantly reduced in treatment groups. It was concluded that although significant amounts of lead crossed the placenta, as exemplified by fetal kidney values, no teratogenic response or reduction in fetal brain DNA content was produced in the rat. PMID- 7135794 TI - Aspiration of methyl chloroform. PMID- 7135795 TI - Some common toxicoses in raptors. PMID- 7135796 TI - Arsenic concentrations in cattle liver, kidney and milk. PMID- 7135798 TI - The toxicity of Cassia occidentalis to goats. AB - The toxic effects of oral administration of Cassia occidentalis to goats was evaluated. The prominent signs of Cassia poisoning were diarrhea, inappetence, dyspnea, staggering, ataxia and recumbency. Lesions consisted of hemorrhages and congestion in the heart, lungs, abomasum and spleen, catarrhal enteritis, hepatic fatty change and necrosis, splenic hemosiderosis, pulmonary emphysema, necrosis and/or degeneration of the epithelial cells of the renal convoluted tubule, and packing of the glomeruli with endothelial and small round cells. These changes were accompanied by increases in GOT activity and in the serum concentrations of ammonia and urea, as well as by decreases in the total protein and calcium in serum. There were decreases in Hb, PCV and RCB, and increased leucocyte counts. Total lipids were higher in the liver, kidneys and heart of the Cassia-poisoned goats. PMID- 7135797 TI - Jimson weed seed toxicity in cattle. AB - A subacute experiment was undertaken for 14 days. The results obtained from these studies suggest that: 1) unless a highly Jimson weed seed contaminated feed is ingested (greater than 0.09% of body weight) or force fed, death should be a rare consequence of Jimson weed seed contamination; 2) Jimson weed seed toxicity in cattle as a result of feed contamination appears a self-limiting problem (rumen atony and anorexia prevent further intoxication until the blood levels of alkaloids are reduced to allow normal ruminant intestinal function); 3) cattle may exhibit signs of atropine toxicity at contamination levels of 881 seed/kg of feed or higher; 4) rumen fluid from heifers fed diet containing 4,408 Jimson weed seed had the greatest VFA concentration change from day 0 to 7; 5) in vitro fermentation of diets resulted in no difference in IVDMD values, but VFA concentration values tended to increase with increased concentrations of Jimson weed seed in the diet. PMID- 7135799 TI - Urine and tissue oxalate and hippurate levels in ethylene glycol intoxication in the dog. AB - Oxalate, hippurate and ethylene glycol were measured in dogs given 5 ml/kg ethylene glycol orally. Eight hours after administration, oxalate levels were 7.2 9.1 ppm in renal tissue and 10-100 ppm in urine. Hippurate was 40-90 ppm in urine. Ethylene glycol was 10-100 ppm in renal tissue and 5,300-27,000 ppm in urine. The above substances were measured in urine and renal tissue from normal dogs, dogs in non-toxic renal failure and clinical cases of ethylene glycol intoxication. Urine was analyzed for ethylene glycol by gas chromatography using direct injection. Ethyl ether extraction provided good recovery of ethylene glycol from tissues and blood. Results were confirmed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Oxalic acid (CA oxalate) was extracted with acidic methanol, methylated and analyzed by GC. Results were confirmed by GC/MS. Hippuric acid (calcium hippurate) was extracted with acidic methanol and chromatographed by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Ultraviolet spectrometry and mass spectroscopy were used to confirm the results. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and TLC with densitometry were used to quantitate hippuric acid. PMID- 7135800 TI - Relay toxicity of strychnine in raptors in relation to a pigeon eradication program. PMID- 7135801 TI - [Chronic pneumonia and circumscribed pneumosclerosis. Need for and possibility of their differentiation]. PMID- 7135802 TI - [Pathologically altered lung picture]. PMID- 7135804 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of pulmonary changes in systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 7135805 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of changes in the lungs caused by organophosphate insecticide poisoning]. PMID- 7135806 TI - [Radioisotope scanning in pulmonary echinococcosis]. PMID- 7135803 TI - [Potentialities of bronchography in the diagnosis of respiratory insufficiency in chronic lung diseases]. PMID- 7135807 TI - [Right ventricular hypoplasia syndrome. Atresia of the right atrioventricular orifice (x-ray study)]. PMID- 7135808 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of the supracardial form of partial anomalous inflow of pulmonary veins]. PMID- 7135809 TI - [Clinical and x-ray diagnosis of legionnaires' disease (legionellosis)]. PMID- 7135810 TI - [X-ray study in the diagnosis of the absence of the hepatic segment of the inferior vena cava]. PMID- 7135811 TI - [Film for exposure from the screen of an x-ray electron-optical transducer]. PMID- 7135812 TI - [Experience in the preventive examination of the paranasal sinuses with an x-ray image amplifier]. PMID- 7135813 TI - [Transseptal puncture of the left auricle in disseminated nonspecific aortoarteritis as a method of subsequent contrast examination of the aorta]. PMID- 7135814 TI - [Case of varicose enlargement of the pulmonary vein in mitral stenosis]. PMID- 7135815 TI - [Case of progressive pulmonary dystrophy]. PMID- 7135817 TI - [Differences in the milk yield with reference to the standard and factual duration of lactation in different lengths of the calving period]. AB - Attempt is made to elucidate and evaluate the difference in the milk yield on a total and per day basis during the calving period at both actual and standard lactation period. It was found that at duration of the calving interval that was admittedly shorter than the standard -- 365 days -- the cows had shorter lactation period than the standard one. At duration of the calving interval of 360 to 370 days (365 days on a average) which is standard for this country none of the groups of cows reached the normative duration of the claving period in terms of milk-yielding capacity. This was better expressed also with the lengthening of the calving period over 365 days. When the cows fail to reach the standard (normative) duration of the lactation period considerable amounts of milk are presumably lost -- for 300 days of lactation, -both for the lactation period as a whole and for each single day of the calving period. PMID- 7135818 TI - [Cytological, microbiological and biochemical analysis of cow's milk at the beginning of lactation]. AB - Milk samples of eleven cows of first lactation and ten cows of second lactation were studied in dynamics with regard to their cytological, microbiological, and biochemical properties. The milk was ampled with all quarters individually every other day up to the 10th day, and every fifth day up to the 20th day from calving. It was found that on the second day of calving the cell content of the milk of cows of both first and second lactation was higher, showing a trend of a rapid drop and reaching 441--484 thou. per 1 cm3 by the sixth day. In the course of 20 days following calving there were essential differences in the level of infections with the cows of the two groups. On the basis of the microbiologic investigations it was considered possible to differentiate the inflammation processes of the udder from the normal status on the sixth day. PMID- 7135819 TI - [Various biochemical properties of Salmonella strains isolated from animal food products]. AB - Studied were a total of 488 Salmonella strains isolated from food products and washings from productional surfaces for the presence of variants, with the use of tests of producing gas from glucose and hydrogen sulfide and the coincidence of the two properties. It was found that 7 species only had biochemical variants. Most frequent were the variants with S. cholerae suis. Biochemical variants were found in 24.79 per cent of the typed Salmonellae, these of the S. cholerae suis species being 19.26 per cent -- 7.58 per cent were gas-negative, 6.14 per cent were hydrogen sulfide-negative, and 5.53 per cent were simultaneously gas- and hydrogen sulfide-negative. The coincidence was 5.53 per cent, i.e., it lower than the values average for the biochemical variants as cited in the literature. Of all investigated strains of Salmonellae 12.6 per cent were gas-negative, 6.55 per cent--hydrogen sulfide-negative, and 6.35 per cent -- gas- and hydrogen sulfide negative. The lower values found -- as compared to those of Ewing and Ball -- could be explained by the fact that 77.68 per cent of all biochemical variants belong to Salmonella cholerae suis. PMID- 7135816 TI - [Methemoglobin level in the blood of agricultural animals and poultry]. AB - Studies were carried out with all kinds of farm animals and birds with regard to the quantitative determination of methemoglobin in their blood in connection of seasonal changes. Blood was immediately treated upon sampling. Methemoglobin determination was carried out spectrophotometrically. Evaluated was also the percent of nitrates in the rations of the animals and birds. It was found that during the winter the amound of methemoglobin in the blood of both animals and birds varied from 0.25 to 4.4 of the total amount of methemoglobin. Its percent content during the summer varied from 0.25 to 4.17 with animals, and from 9.5 to 15.7 with birds of the total amount of methemoglobin. The amount of blood methemoglobin was found to correlate directly with the percent of nitrates in the ration. Except for birds, the seasons had no effect on the values of methemoglobin. The breed, weight, age, and physiologic status (pregnancy, barrenness) did not either affect the amount of methemoglobin. There were individual variations of the methemoglobin values with animals of one and the same species. PMID- 7135820 TI - [Dynamics of the histological changes in the liver of lambs during experimental and spontaneous Cysticercus tenuicollis invasion]. AB - A histologic investigation of the liver was carried out with lambs after experimental and spontaneous infection with Cysticercul tenuicolis. Varying in character was the response of the host to the parasite at the site of localization. In some cases the connective tissue component was prevailing, while in others there was predominantly a cell-inflammatory demarcation around the cysts. There were also cases presenting no local reaction around the larvae. The development of progressive degenerative and necrotic lesions within the liver parenchyma was encountered which, by the end of the experimental period invariably resulted in cirrhosis. PMID- 7135821 TI - [Preventive measures in the use of chicken bedding in lamb fattening]. AB - Investigations were carried out on the composition and some properties of the manure bedding from poultry-dressing combines as well as of the complete ration offered together with some beding. High variability of the indices was established so far as the nutrient value and the contamination with occasionally pathogenic bacteria (coli, proteus, and others) and moulds were concerned. No obligatorily pathogenic bacteria and mycotoxins were established. The reasons for illness and culling of lambs fattened with such feed were shown to be associated with the status of the urinary system in the first place. The presence of fungi and bacteria in meals of deep bedding from poultry houses and the occasional presence of chemical compounds in the meat of the fattened animals have made necessary further profound studies aimed at completely elucidating their effect on the health of ruminant animals and the quality of the meat obtained. PMID- 7135823 TI - [Toxicological evaluation of "Farmakhim" thiabendazole in mammals and birds]. AB - Studied were the acute toxicity (albino mice and rats, chicken broilers), species specific tolerance (lambs, sheep, goats, pigs, calves, chicks, chickens), and subchronic toxicity (albino rats, pigs, pulets) of tiabendazole Pharmachim (TP). It was found that LD50 of TP at the oral application to albino mice, weighing 18 20 g was 2.7 g (2.14 divided by 3.40) per kg for albino rats weighing 120-200 g it proved technically undeterminable. For broilers at one month it was 4.0 g (2.54 divided by 6.28) per kg. LD50 of TP of the firm Merck Sharp and Dome for albino mice was 2.9 g (2.28 divided by 3.68), and for broilers -- 5.0 g (4.31 divided by 5.8) per kg. The lethal dose for lambs was 400 mg/kg, for sheep -- 800 mg/kg, for goats -- 500 mg/kg, and for calves -- 500 mg/kg. When treated with amounts of 450 and 850 mg/kg pigs vomited. The same was true of drugs when offered the preparation at the rate of 300 mg/Kg chicks and chickens tolerated amounts of 500 mg/kg. TP was well tolerated by pigs, rats, and pullets when given with the feed for 30 days in 0.1 per cent conc.; in 0.4% conc. (pigs), 0.5% (albino rats), 0.3% (pullets), and 1% (albino rats and pullets) led to the arrest of growth and rise of transaminases and urea in the blood serum (rats and pigs) and the adverse effect of the red blood picture (rats, pigs, and pullets). Histologically, there were vascular troubles and granular degeneration that predominated in the kidneys, and were more slightly expressed in the remaining parenchymal organs. PMID- 7135822 TI - [Results and problems of a new breeding method in pig husbandry]. AB - The results and problems are referred to of the mass and model implementation in this country in the past 5 years of biotechnical methods of reproduction in industrial pig farming, namely: 1. Methods employed on a mass scale in the field of artificial insemination, synchronization of estrus with replacement pigs, diagnosis of early pregnancy along with hormonal methods for the stimulation of conception and prolificacy of sows. 2. Methods of model implementation -- programmed farrowing with the use of prostaglandin F2 alpha, hormonal protection of embryogenesis along with apparatus methods determining the most appropriate time of insemination. 3. Methods in the phase of scientific development -- insemination with deep-frozen semen, implantation of fertilized zygotes, programming of ovulation, and others. Established were organizational and administrative advantages and the veterinary and zootechnical of these methods. PMID- 7135825 TI - An ultrastructural and morphometric study of bladder tumours (II). AB - Bladder tissues from 3 groups of patients were examined, using the light and electron microscopes (LM and TEM). One group of patients had a history of well differentiated papillary transitional cell carcinomas and specimens were taken from cytoscopically normal areas. In a second group frank papillary carcinoma was biopsied. Finally, patients with no history of urothelial tumours and a normal cytoscopic appearance were biopsied during investigations for various benign conditions and these served as controls. In tissues from the first two groups certain differences were seen when these were compared to the controls and the frequency of these was significant. Light microscopic examination of 0.5 micros toluidine blue stained sections revealed an increased number of immature, small dark cells in the superficial layer of the epithelium (P less than 0.001). Electron microscopic examination showed that in place of the characteristic asymmetric unit membrane of mature superficial cells, the surface was frequently covered with microvilli and the junctional complexes were often atypical. There was an increased number of abnormalities in the basal lamina (P less than 0.001). These features were seen in the absence of cytoscopic and light microscopic changes in three out of eight patients with a history of tumours. It is, therefore, suggested that these are the earliest detectable morphological abnormalities in the pre-neoplastic urothelium. PMID- 7135824 TI - Striae: morphological aspects of connective tissue. AB - The study of 15 abdominal striae in women aged 25 to 57 shows important histological modifications in the skin. The collagen is fragmented and the ground substance is abundant. Fibroblasts are globular, quiescent, and lose all signs of fibrillar secretion. In the light of the recent biochemical data, our results suggest that the striae are the consequence of fibroblastic dysfunction, due to abdominal distension. Comparison with scarred and normal skin indicate that striae are a special entity belonging to the group of connective dystrophies. PMID- 7135826 TI - Pathology of chronic vitamin E deficiency in fatal familial intrahepatic cholestasis (Byler disease). AB - A case of fatal familial intrahepatic cholestasis (Byler disease) developed a neuromuscular syndrome similar to that in experimental vitamin E deficiency and abetalipoproteinemia, and died of hepatic and cardiac failure. Serum vitamin E level was extremely low. Autopsy revealed intrahepatic cholestatic cirrhosis without obliterative lesions in the bile duct system and marked splenomegaly with splenoma-like nodules. The other pathological lesions were considered to be due to chronic vitamin E deficiency as follows:1. Mitochondrial changes especially of the hepatocyte and cardiac muscle. 2. Cardiomyopathy. 3. Myopathy. 4. Vasculopathy. 5. Systemic lipofuscinosis. 6. Lesions of the reproductive and endocrine organs. 7. Kyphoscoliosis and pes cavus. 8. Systemic neuroaxonal dystrophy with peripheral neuropathy. PMID- 7135827 TI - Epithelial dysplasias in chronic pancreatitis. AB - The present 280 specimens of chronic pancreatitis were examined to determine the type and frequency of epithelial dysplasia of the duct system. The epitheilal dysplasias were divided into 3 degrees of severity according to cytological and histological criteria. Dysplasia was demonstrable in 40.1% of the 280 specimens. Of these 32.9% were classified as dysplasia grade I and 7.1% as dysplasia grade II. Dysplasia grade III did not occur. The epithelial proliferations were correlated with the topography, the stage of the scarring and the degree of obstruction of pancreatic secretion. An increase in dysplasia was evident in relation to the stage of the scarring and to the obstruction of secretory outflow. In correlation with the topography of the chronic pancreatitis there was the highest frequency of epithelial dysplasias in uniformly scarred glands (47.7%). Papillary and pseudopapillary hyperplasias with atypia were demonstrated in 17.9 vs. 4.5% of the cases with epithelial proliferations. PMID- 7135828 TI - Primary carcinoid tumor of the ear. PMID- 7135829 TI - Isolation of type 5 adenovirus mutants with a cold-sensitive host range phenotype: genetic evidence of an adenovirus transformation maintenance function. PMID- 7135830 TI - Identification of adenovirus-type 12 gene products involved in transformation and oncogenesis. PMID- 7135831 TI - Polypeptides of canine distemper virus strains derived from dogs with chronic neurological diseases. PMID- 7135832 TI - The cleavage site of the hemagglutinin of fowl plague virus. PMID- 7135833 TI - Panhandles and hairpin structures at the termini of germiston virus RNAs (Bunyavirus). PMID- 7135834 TI - Tumor- and growth-related membrane changes caused by transformation with different fragments of the adenovirus 12 genome. PMID- 7135835 TI - Interference resistant mutants of phage f1. PMID- 7135836 TI - A sensitive bioassay system for detecting defective interfering particles of rabies virus. PMID- 7135837 TI - The discriminability of spatial phase relationships in amblyopia. AB - Previous work has shown that anomalies in the contrast sensitivity functions of amblyopes are often insufficient to explain the degree of visual deficit in more complex tasks. Our stimuli were compound gratings composed of a fundamental and its third harmonic, added in either square-wave or triangle-wave phase. At medium to high spatial frequencies we find that many amblyopes, unlike normal observers, are unable to distinguish between such gratings which have identical power spectra, but different phase spectra. In this frequency range they can, however, easily distinguish between a compound grating and its fundamental component alone. It seems that in amblyopia visual processing occurs over a more truncated frequency range than is implied by detection experiments. Various explanations of this observation are considered. PMID- 7135838 TI - Do preferential looking techniques underestimate infant visual acuity? PMID- 7135839 TI - A failure to observe negative preference in infant acuity testing. AB - Held et al. (1979) Vision Res. 19, 1377-1379, reported that infants' psychometric functions in preferential looking experiments exhibit a region of below chance performance or "negative preference". They argued from this that previous preferential looking experiments may have systematically underestimated acuity because they ignored this negative preference. We present data from an experiment designed to reveal negative preference in the version of the preferential looking paradigm used in our laboratory. The results do not exhibit negative preference apart from random variations about 50%. Gwiazda et al. (1980) Am. J. Optom. physiol. Opt. 57, 420-427; 428-432, developed a psychophysical procedure for infant testing that is designed to yield accurate threshold estimates in a short period of time. We present the results of computer simulations of more conventional psychophysical procedures. The simulations demonstrate that an up down staircase procedure is more efficient than the Gwiazda et al. procedure. PMID- 7135840 TI - Global visual processing for saccadic eye movements. AB - Four experiments are reported in which saccadic eye movements are examined when the eye moves to targets in peripheral vision which consist of two discrete stimuli. It is found that under a variety of conditions, the saccade amplitude is such that the saccade lands at an intermediate position between the stimuli. This result has been termed the global effect and is interpreted as an influence of the global target configuration on the saccade amplitude. It is suggested that this phenomenon may be explicable in terms of activity in an ensemble of cells with large receptive fields. The experiments demonstrate the global effect in the situations of rapid automatic tracking, scanning for target detail and comparison of target configurations. The effect depends in a systematic quantitative manner on the properties of the visual stimuli. This may be loosely described by saying the saccade is directed to the centre of gravity of the target configuration. The saccades are however in general directed closer to the near target than predicted by the geometric centre of gravity. Although the effect appears in a similar form in all the conditions tested, minor differences do occur. It is also shown that the effect shows a dependence on the latency of the saccade, being most pronounced for saccades with short latencies. It is suggested that this may be a consequence of the dynamics of visual information processing. PMID- 7135841 TI - Retinal location and visual localization during pursuit eye movement. AB - Experiments were performed to measure the mislocation of a brief visual stimulus presented during pursuit eye movements in different places over the retina. The results obtained show that the mislocation for regions 5 degrees from fovea in the direction of motion is greater than in fovea. This fact shows that some kind of reorganization takes place in the visual localization mechanisms during pursuit eye movements. The results cast doubts on the concept of "perception time" which is often used to explain the visual mislocation phenomenon. PMID- 7135842 TI - Temporal sensitivities to square-wave gratings, sawtooth-wave gratings and their fundamentals: more evidence for multiple spatial frequency channels in human vision. PMID- 7135843 TI - Discrimination and detection thresholds: the effect of observer criterion on the spatial properties of chromatic and achromatic mechanisms. AB - Spectral sensitivity functions were determined for structured test targets presented on a white background field. Data obtained for threshold detection of the targets are consistent with results obtained from previous studies which used unstructured test fields showing functions, with three maxima, dependent on opponent colour mechanisms. Data obtained from threshold discrimination measurements show a marked reduction in the blue sensitivity when 1 degree test targets are used. This effect decreases significantly when larger targets are used. A change of the observer's criterion can significantly alter the relative contributions of the achromatic and chromatic channels at threshold. PMID- 7135844 TI - Detection/discrimination in the long-wavelength pathways. PMID- 7135845 TI - Adaptation in the long-wavelength pathways. AB - We describe and test predictions of a model of long-wavelength test sensitivity upon large, uniform backgrounds. The model explains changes in sensitivity in the red-green detection pathways strictly based upon losses of sensitivity in the receptors. We derive the prediction that field mixture data for field-mixtures of mu1 (fixed) and an addend, mu 2, must follow the same shape on different intensities of the fixed background, mu 1. This prediction is not in good agreement with the measurements. PMID- 7135846 TI - Gravity and the tilt aftereffect. PMID- 7135847 TI - Position discrimination may be better than detection. PMID- 7135848 TI - The modulation transfer function of a display oscilloscope: measurements and comments. AB - It is pointed out that "spot size" of high resolution oscilloscope displays typically refers to the width of the spot at its half peak amplitude point, not to the width of the whole light distribution. The modulation transfer function of oscilloscope displays can have a more pronounced effect upon stimulus contrast than is generally realized, particularly when short viewing distances are used. We present measures of the spot profiles of a typical display, and use these to derive the MTF of the instrument. A simple correction is described to derive the actual contrast of a sine wave grating, given the manufacturer's specification of spot size. PMID- 7135849 TI - Field sensitivity of the "red" mechanism derived from primate local electroretinogram. AB - Using the local ERG in response to a long-wavelength stimulus as an indicator, field sensitivity functions have been obtained from cynomolgus macaque monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) with flashed and sinusoidally flickering test stimuli. These functions show the reciprocal of the relative radiance, for various adapting wavelengths, required to reduce a 667-nm test response to a criterion level. The resulting functions resemble both Stiles's pi 5 and the SR function of Smith and Pokorny, provided that pi 5 and SR are displaced about 7 nm toward longer wavelengths, in agreement with microspectrophotometric evidence. When field sensitivity functions are obtained with a 20 Hz sinusoidal test stimulus, using a continuous change of field wavelength, the direction of a slow spectral traverse has a large effect upon the shape of the sensitivity and phase functions -a hysteresis effect These effects do not occur at 5 Hz. The test light is proven to be ineffective upon G cones, and it appears unlikely that measurably significant signals are significantly induced into G cones as an indirect result of the modulation of R cones. Therefore, the steady background light absorbed in the G cones seems to be influencing the response of the R cones. PMID- 7135850 TI - Changes of visual sensitivity caused by on- and off-transients. AB - The effects of abrupt increases and decreases of light in one part of the retina on sensitivity in an adjacent part of the retina were studied under low scotopic conditions near absolute threshold. The basic finding is that a brief annular surround decreases sensitivity to test spots occurring near the time of its onset or its offset, but that the surround increases sensitivity to test spots occurring the first few hundred milliseconds following its offset. If the annulus is presented in one eye and the test flash to the other, annulus onset reduces sensitivity, but annulus offset has almost no effect on thresholds in the contralateral eye. In fully dark-adapted observers, absolute sensitivity is somewhat greater when the test flashes are preceded by a flashed surround than when they are presented alone. These results challenge the idea that sensitivity to these stimuli is limited by an irreducible level of noise in the dark and under dim illumination. PMID- 7135851 TI - Binocular vision in strabismic humans with alternating fixation. AB - Grating acuity, interocular suppression and binocular interaction were evaluated at different positions in the visual field of strabismic humans with alternating fixation. In all cases, the suppression of the deviated eye was most intense in a region corresponding to the fovea of the fixating eye, but reduced or absent in the periphery. In addition, suppression was found in part of the peripheral visual field of the fixating eye. For most subjects, the monocular properties of both eyes were normal. However, for one subject with a strong preference for one of the eyes, visual acuity and luminance detection were selectively impaired in the chronically suppressed regions of the non-preferred eye. Regardless of which eye was currently used for fixation, the visual information available to the subject came from both eyes. In parts of the visual field, the two eyes tended to replace each other. In the far periphery, and especially in the upper and lower hemifield, signals from the two eyes were often combined in a binocular perception of depth. PMID- 7135852 TI - Pattern-evoked potentials and Bloch's law. AB - Experiments are described which show that the latencies, unlike the amplitudes, of the C1 and C2 components of the human pattern-onset VEP do not conform to the contrast equivalent of Bloch's law. Whereas each component's amplitude is linearly related to the log of the (contrast X duration) product below a critical duration of 50 msec, its latency is independent of the stimulus pattern's duration and determined by its contrast alone; increasing by 30-35 msec for a 1.4 log unit contrast decrease. The relationship between these results and corresponding single-unit findings in the cat is discussed. PMID- 7135853 TI - A-type horizontal cells of the superior edge of the linear visual streak of the rabbit retina have oriented, elongated dendritic trees. AB - The horizontal cells of the rabbit retina have been studied by light microscopy of Golgi-impregnated whole-mount retinas. The two types of horizontal cell of the rabbit retina are similar to the horizontal cells of the cat retina in most respects. However, the majority of the A-type horizontal cells of the rabbit have asymmetrical dendritic fields compared to the circular, symmetrical dendritic fields of this cell type in the cat. The A-type horizontal cells of the superior edge of the linear visual streak in the rabbit retina are the most strikingly asymmetric and most of them are elongated and oriented in a direction approximately parallel to the linear visual streak. Like H1 axon terminals of the turtle retina the oriented, elongated A-type horizontal cells of the rabbit visual streak region may play a role in the neurocircuitry which underlies orientation sensitive ganglion cells. PMID- 7135854 TI - Model of the accommodative mechanism in the human eye. AB - The crystalline lens of the age 11 human eye has been modelled mathematically, using simplified assumptions about lens curvature, internal organization and elasticity. From this representation, expressions for description of strain and stress during accommodation have been obtained. Solution of these equations indicates that the lens capsule acts as a force distributor, spreading tension applied by the suspensory apparatus evenly over the surface of the underlying lens material. It also becomes clear that the vitreous body provides an essential support function during the accommodative process. Finally, the relative contribution of lens-associated structures has been determined for five different values of the Poisson ratio. In order for accommodation to occur by relaxation of zonular tension, this value must be greater than 0.38; with an additional constraint of the net axial force equalling zero during a small accommodative change, the Poisson ratio equals 0.46. PMID- 7135855 TI - Effect of chromatic adaptation on the achromatic locus: the role of contrast, luminance and background color. AB - Two superposed annular test lights of complementary spectral composition were presented as 60-90' incremental test flashes on 480' steady backgrounds. Two observers adjusted the ratio of the two test lights to maintain an achromatic appearance under conditions of adaptation that varied with respect to background luminance, chromaticity and stimulus contrast. The shift in chromaticity of the achromatic point was in the direction of the chromaticity of the background, while the magnitude of the shift increased as an increasing function of background luminance and as a decreasing function of contrast. These data confirm and extend a model of chromatic adaptation that has the following properties: (1) non-additivity of transient test and steady background fields, in the sense that the background, although physically adding to the test flash, only affects its hue by way of altering the gain of cone pathways; (2) Vos-Walraven cone spectral sensitivities; and (3) adaptation sites in the cone pathways having the same action spectra as Stiles' pi 5, pi 4 and (modified) pi 1 mechanisms, and which generate receptor-specific attenuation factors (von Kries Coefficients) according to Stiles' generalized threshold vs intensity function, zeta (x). PMID- 7135856 TI - Dichoptic color fusion studied with wavelength discrimination. AB - In order to investigate dichoptic color mixture, wavelength discrimination thresholds were measured in the presence of a dichoptically added field. The dichoptically added field was a 1.1 degrees bipartite field identical to the discrimination field, its wavelength being equal to the standard wavelength of the discrimination field. The discrimination thresholds were measured in dichoptic viewing covering a range from 450 to 650 nm. It was found that discrimination was deteriorated in the presence of the dichoptically added field for all the wavelengths used. However, the deterioration was largely independent of the luminance of the added field. These results suggest that: (a) central color fusion indeed occurs but, (b) additive color mixture fails in dichoptic mixing. PMID- 7135857 TI - Contrast sensitivity in children. AB - We have used a spatial two-alternative, forced-choice staircase technique to measure contrast sensitivities for sinusoidally modulated gratings. Subjects, all of whom were untrained observers, consisted of children of ages 2-16 yr and adults. Our testing method was completely successful with children who were over 3.5 yr but failed with those below 2.5 yr. Mean contrast sensitivities of the youngest group from which data were obtained (2.5-4.5 yr) were 0.35 log units lower than those of adults. However, there was very little difference between these two groups in the middle range of spatial frequencies tested. A gradual increase with age of contrast sensitivities was found up to about 8 yr. This change is probably due to a combination of neural development and non-visual factors. PMID- 7135858 TI - Exchange thresholds for green tests. AB - Thresholds for detection of foveal pi 4-detected 522 nm, 1 deg, 200 msec test flashes rise by up to 0.4 log units just after a pi 4-equated "exchange" field has been substituted for the adaptation field, and take 60-90 sec to recover. This effect is not changed by an intense blue auxiliary field, and varies with the difference between adaptation and exchange field wavelengths as if only inputs from long-wavelength (LW) cones are involved. The effect can be virtually eliminated by adaptation to a background which alternates at 15 Hz between selected pi 4-equated long- and short-wavelength fields, which suggests that the LW cones exert their effect at a red-green opponent site. PMID- 7135859 TI - Neurons in cat visual cortex tuned to the direction of motion in depth: effect of positional disparity. AB - We investigated sensitivity to the direction of stimulus motion in depth in neurons of cat visual cortex by using bar stimuli with different image velocities on the two retinae. These stimuli were presented at seven different retinal disparities (i.e. with different locations in depth). Approximately one-fourth of the neurons examined were sensitive to the direction of stimulus motion in depth. In general, the motion-in-depth tuning of these neurons was either unaffected by disparity or changed simply and systematically as a function of disparity, even when disparity was varied over the broad range of 12 degrees. In their relative indifference to disparity, the motion-in-depth neurons contrast with the units that are very selective to disparity and that respond best to sideways motion. Human equivalents to these two classes of units might provide a physiological basis for the distinction between binocularly-driven channels for motion in depth and for disparity (i.e. relative position in depth) that have been proposed on psychophysical grounds. PMID- 7135860 TI - Comparison of subjective and objective measurements of ocular alignment in the vertical direction. PMID- 7135861 TI - Measurements of visual suppression during opening, closing and blinking of the eyes. AB - We have previously shown that the sensitivity of human vision, as measured with a stimulus that bypasses the eyelids, is briefly impaired at the time of an eyeblink. We now find that the visual loss is almost equally extensive during eye closure if the eyes then remained closed. But little impairment occurs during eye opening when the eyes then remain open. We have previously concluded that, in blinking, visual suppression is associated with an inhibitory signal sent out by the brain. We now conclude that this signal arises primarily as a corollary to the efferent discharge that closes the eyelids. PMID- 7135862 TI - [Autonomous adenomas of the thyroid gland]. PMID- 7135864 TI - [Dynamics of neuromotor changes in disorders of thyroid function]. PMID- 7135863 TI - [Index of peripheral thyroid effects]. PMID- 7135865 TI - [The onset of the bronchodilator effect of semi-depot corticoids in chronic bronchial inflammations with obstruction]. PMID- 7135866 TI - [Values of serum gastrin in patients with stomach and duodenal ulcer after administration of secretin]. PMID- 7135868 TI - [Surgically treatable hypertension]. PMID- 7135867 TI - [The role of hemodialysis recirculating apparatuses in the spread of HBsAg at Czechoslovak hemodialysis centers]. PMID- 7135869 TI - [Changes in the repolarization phase of the electrocardiogram in active athletes]. PMID- 7135870 TI - [Nocardia infection]. PMID- 7135871 TI - [Thermal lesions of the respiratory organs, their diagnosis and treatment during phases of medical evacuation]. PMID- 7135872 TI - [Field preparation of medical school students in reserve training school]. PMID- 7135873 TI - [Principles of treatment for purulent-septic complications]. PMID- 7135874 TI - [Informativeness of individual dosimetry for purposes of triage of victims with radiation lesions]. PMID- 7135875 TI - [Medical rehabilitation of patients who have sustained viral hepatitis A]. PMID- 7135876 TI - [Disinfection of viral hepatitis]. PMID- 7135877 TI - [Methods of human heat adaptation]. PMID- 7135878 TI - [Analysis of methods of evaluating thermal stress]. PMID- 7135879 TI - [Dynamics of various psychophysiologic indices during exposure to accumulations of Coriolis accelerations]. PMID- 7135880 TI - [Individual features of autonomic regulation of bodily functions during adaptation of sailors to the tropics]. PMID- 7135881 TI - [Microcirculation in acute blood loss in the presence of hypoxia]. PMID- 7135882 TI - [Treatment of chronic osteomyelitis patients with a biological paste]. PMID- 7135883 TI - [Classification of cicatricial-ulcerative deformities of the duodenal bulb on the basis of endoscopic findings]. PMID- 7135884 TI - [Diagnosis and specialized treatment of closed injuries of organs in the neck and their complications]. PMID- 7135885 TI - [Rehabilitation of servicemen in a dispensary after injuries and orthopedic surgery]. PMID- 7135886 TI - [Ingrown toenail and its treatment]. PMID- 7135887 TI - [Experience with the use of several laboratory methods of study in the performance of routine sanitary inspection of food items]. PMID- 7135888 TI - Studies on the retention of passively transferred antibodies in man. I. Quantitative measurement of the antibody activities to HBs by radioimmunoassay and its application to studies on the blood level of intravenously administered 7 S or 5 S antibody. AB - Measurement of diluted samples of high-titred antisera to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs) by radioimmunoassay (RIA) proved that the RIA kit can be used quantitatively in a wider range than stated by the manufacturer. Analysis of the blood level of anti-HBs activities by RIA in a homologous system gave straight declines corresponding to the diffusion and the catabolic phases of human 7 S or 5 S antibody. The half-life of the intravenously given antibody was calculated from the catabolic decline to 17.7 days for human immunoglobulin or 2.7 days for human F(ab')2 fragment. PMID- 7135889 TI - Build-up maintenance of IgG serum concentrations with intravenous immunoglobulin in patients with primary humoral immunodeficiency. AB - 6 patients with antibody deficiency disease had intravenous immunoglobulin substitution and their serum IgG levels were monitored for at least 6 months. After three IgG infusions of 6-12 g each at intervals of 3 or 4 weeks, the IgG serum concentrations were between 300 and 500 mg/dl in 3 patients. In the 3 other patients, higher serum levels were obtained after considerably more IgG infusions given at intervals of 8 days or less. Maintenance of subnormal levels was achieved by replacement of approximately 10 mg/kg body weight/day. In 1 patient, the serum IgG was kept at about 1,000 mg/dl by replacement of 54 mg/kg/day, i.e. by infusions of 9 g every 3-4 days. PMID- 7135891 TI - [Late sequelae of prolonged phthalan exposure]. PMID- 7135890 TI - Survival of transfused platelets collected into new formulation plastic packs. AB - Platelet concentrates were prepared in plastic packs of polyvinyl chloride with tri(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate as plasticizer. They were stored, with gentle shaking, at room temperature for periods up to 7 days before labelling with isotope and reinfusing. In vivo survival studies, platelet counts, pH and electron microscopy indicated that platelet concentrates prepared in the new plastic were superior to those prepared in the standard pack currently in use. Oxygen was found to diffuse through the new pack more rapidly than through the standard pack. A shelflife of up to 1 week at room temperature seems possible for platelet concentrates prepared in the new plastic. PMID- 7135892 TI - [Results and basic tasks of research in the practical work on child and adolescent hygiene]. PMID- 7135893 TI - [Acute poisonings by amido- and nitro- derivatives of benzene]. PMID- 7135894 TI - [Specialized outpatient care in infectious diseases]. PMID- 7135895 TI - [Organization of specialized care for infectious diseases on an outpatient basis]. PMID- 7135896 TI - [Encephalomyelopolyradiculoneuritis in an adult following a history of the toxic form of diphtheria]. PMID- 7135897 TI - [Ultrastructural bases of heart failure]. PMID- 7135898 TI - [Statistical treatment of the qualitative signs of the microcirculation in biomicroscopy of the bulbar conjunctiva]. PMID- 7135899 TI - [Hemodynamic variants of the acute period of uncomplicated myocardial infarct and the trends in their drug therapy]. PMID- 7135900 TI - [Effect of clofelin treatment on external respiration in middle-aged and elderly hypertension patients]. PMID- 7135901 TI - [Compensatory reactions based on electroencephalographic data after focal vascular lesions of the cerebral hemispheres]. PMID- 7135902 TI - [Clinical EEG comparisons in autonomic vascular and visceral paroxysms]. PMID- 7135903 TI - [X-ray study of the gastrointestinal tract with a barium suspension and D xylose]. PMID- 7135904 TI - [Effect of cholagogues on gastric secretion in peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7135906 TI - [Modern treatment methods in chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 7135905 TI - [Myocardial metabolism in ischemia (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 7135907 TI - [Prevention and treatment of postoperative complications in gastric and duodenal peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7135908 TI - [Multiple primary cancer of the large intestine]. PMID- 7135909 TI - [Morphofunctional changes in the upper digestive canal in chronic glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7135910 TI - [Urinary microflora in calculous pyelonephritis and its role in recurrent stone formation]. PMID- 7135911 TI - [External respiratory indices and physical loading tolerance in chronic obstructive bronchitis]. PMID- 7135912 TI - [Local ventilation in chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 7135913 TI - [Oxygen transport in thromboembolisms of the small branches of the pulmonary artery]. PMID- 7135914 TI - [Characteristics of tuberculosis patient contingents in an urban locality]. PMID- 7135915 TI - [Structural changes in the adrenal cortex in those suffering from Itsenko Cushing's disease treated with chloditan]. PMID- 7135916 TI - [Clinical and treatment characteristics of acute alcoholic paranoia]. PMID- 7135917 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of meningoencephalitis with consciousness disturbance]. PMID- 7135918 TI - [Defective interfering mumps virus produced by chronically infected cell cultures]. AB - HEp-2 and L-41 culture chronically infected with mumps virus at late passage levels produced 10(2)--10(3) PFU/ml small-plaque slow-replicating virus and defective interfering particles (DIP) in significant amounts. The DIP were characterized by the polypeptide composition similar to that of the virus, the presence of subgenome sise of RNA, and marked interfering activity with regard to the original mumps virus. PMID- 7135919 TI - [Characteristics of the persistence of the tick-borne encephalitis virus against a background of experimentally induced allergic encephalomyelitis in M. rhesus monkeys]. AB - Asymptomatic persistence of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus was modeled by subcutaneous inoculation; the virus and the antigen were detected up to 307 days by the cell co-cultivation, tissue explants, and immunofluorescence methods. At early and late periods of the persistent infection (1 1/2, 8 1/2, or 10 1/2 months) for the purpose of its stimulation, an autoimmune disease, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), running a course of the type of delayed hyperergic reaction was induced in the animals by inoculation of an encephalitogenic mixture (EM). After EM inoculation, a chronic demyelinating process developed in the CNS without the involvement of neurons; proliferation of immunocompetent cell elements was observed in the spleen and lymph nodes; a short time or stable stimulation of TBE-specific humoral immunity was observed. Against the background of the development of chronic EAE and a short-time stimulation of humoral immunity, persistence of TBE virus was prolonged for over 2 years, its location being unchanged (different parts of the brain, spleen). Despite long term persistence of TBE virus in the CNS, no clinical and morphological symptoms of chronic TBE were found. Possible mechanisms of the effect of this stimulating factor favouring the activation of the persisting TBE virus on the one hand and limiting this process on the other are discussed. PMID- 7135920 TI - [Isolation and translation of late mRNA coding for the structural proteins of simian adenovirus SA7]. AB - A total preparation of cytoplasmic RNA was isolated from late stage-infected African green monkey kidney cells using phenol extraction procedure. The poly (A) containing mRNA fraction was selected on oligo(dT)-cellulose columns. The resulting mRNA preparations were heterogenous in size and contained about 20--60% of SA7-derived sequences. SA7 late mRNA was efficiently translated in rabbit reticulocyte cell-free system giving rise to a number of polypeptide products that were related by antigenicity to authentic SA7 virion proteins. The main translation product having a molecular weight of 114 kilodaltons was identified as intact SA7 hexon protein. PMID- 7135921 TI - [Rapid method of producing influenza A virus variants resistant to amantadine and remantadine and their primary characteristics]. AB - A rapid method for production of influenza A virus variants resistant to the adamantane series derivatives, amantadine and remantadine, has been developed. The method consisted of two stages. In the first, the virus was subjected to one passage in the presence of the preparations under a liquid overlayer in a one cycle experiment. In the second stage, the resulting virus was titrated by the plaque method, the agar overlay containing the preparations in a concentration which was not toxic for the cells. Production of large and small plaques in the presence of the preparations in agar was an indication for selection of resistant virus variants and their further study. Cross-resistance of amantadine- and remantadine-resistant variants to remantadine and amantadine, respectively, was studied. No complete cross-resistance in these viruses could be demonstrated. The amantadine-resistant virus was not inhibited by remantadine, whereas the remantadine-resistant virus was significantly inhibited by amantadine as was demonstrated by both virological methods and by induction of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and synthesis of viral proteins. The experimental results suggest that the mechanisms of formation of influenza A virus resistance to amantadine and remantadine are not absolutely identical. PMID- 7135922 TI - [Localization of the tryptophan residues of influenza virus matrix protein in reconstructed proteoliposomes: a fluorescent analysis]. AB - Influenza virus matrix protein (M-protein) interaction with model phospholipid membranes, liposomes, was studied. Measuring of the effectiveness of energy transfer from M-protein triptophan residues to a fluorescent zond pyren included into the lipid phase of proteoliposomes was employed to assess the steric organization of the proteoliposome protein-lipid complex. A steric model is proposed in which M-protein molecules are located on the surface of lipid bilayer forming trimers. Analysis of pyren fluorescence proper demonstrated a strong influence of M-protein on the lipid bilayer structure: the viscosity of the lipid phase in the presence of M-protein was increased 2.3-fold. PMID- 7135923 TI - [Effectiveness of a combination of remantadine and ribamide administered by aerosol in experimental influenzal infection in white mice]. AB - The effectiveness of remantadine, ribamide, and combination there of administered in aerosol on experimental influenza A/Aichi/2/68 virus infection in white mice was studied. Each of the drugs used alone was found to produce significant reduction in the mortality rate. Use of the drugs in combination both for therapeutic-prophylactic and for therapeutic purposes is of the additive nature, reducing the mortality of the animals by 50% as compared with the control group. PMID- 7135924 TI - [Electron microscopic study of the genome homology of simian adenoviruses SA7 and SV30 and human adenovirus type 5]. PMID- 7135925 TI - [Variability of the virulent properties of influenza A viruses in recombination]. AB - The pattern of redistribution of human virulence in epidemic strains of influenza viruses in recombination with human avirulent strains was studied. In the course of recombination of epidemic and attenuated influenza virus strains variants with different human virulence were obtained. Some recombinants manifested enforced reactogenic properties as compared with the epidemic strain (X/28, M/35, and 0/26 -H1N1, and 2P--H3N2). At the same time, recombinants No 19 (H1N1) and 1P (H3N2) with a similar set of surface antigens were innocuous for man after intranasal administration. Using the observed differences in sensitivity to remantadine as a marker of recombination, we obtained several sets of recombinants which had the antigenic structure of surface proteins of epidemic viruses and remantadine sensitivity of the other parent. PMID- 7135926 TI - [Effect of protease inhibitors on influenza virus reproduction]. AB - Natural inhibitors of proteases have been shown to inhibit plaque production by influenza virus. Investigation of the fate of viral intracellular proteins revealed the inhibiting effect of these inhibitors on their posttranslation cutting. It is assumed, therefore, that the antiviral effect of the preparation under study is associated with inhibition of viral proteins cutting, in particular, of hemagglutinin. A comparative study of the antiviral activity of inhibitors of proteases from various sources was carried out: from potato, haricot, common honey locust, as well as trypsin inhibitor from soybeans. The highest antiviral activity determined by the plaque reduction test was found with the preparation obtained from potato. PMID- 7135927 TI - [Use of inbred mice for assessing the neurovirulence of strains of the tick-borne encephalitis virus complex and the immunogenicity of a concentrated tick-borne encephalitis vaccine]. AB - The sensitivity of different lines of inbred mice to strains of the tick-borne encephalitis complex viruses differing in their biological properties and the degree of attenuation was compared. The mice differing in their genetic characteristics and susceptibility to extraneurally inoculated virus were shown to have different immunological responsiveness to inoculation of an inactivated vaccine antigen. PMID- 7135928 TI - [Polylysogeny in Vibrio eltor]. PMID- 7135929 TI - [Identification of a new antigenic variant of simian adenovirus SA7 P]. AB - Serological, biological, and physico-chemical properties of a new antigenic variant of simian adenovirus SA7P were studied. Neutralization tests with hyperimmune specific antisera demonstrated the new antigenic variant SA7P to have very significant antigenic similarity with the prototype SA7 strain. Same as the latter, SA7P does not agglutinate rat red blood cells, is highly oncogenic for newborn Syrian hamsters and capable of transforming rat kidney cell cultures. At the same time, the method of heteroduplex analysis showed SA7P DNA to be homologous to DNA of the reference SA7 strain by 85% and to contain 3 non homologous regions in the right part of the virus genome. Comparison of the physical maps of the 2 virus DNAs by 4 restrictases established considerable differences in the number of recognition sites and their location. PMID- 7135931 TI - Leptospirosis: a review of the Jamaican experience compared with other Caribbean territories. PMID- 7135930 TI - [Cellular immunity factors in the pathogenesis of recurrences of chronic herpetic infection]. AB - Comparative studies of various factors of cellular immunity in human chronic herpetic stomatitis (CHS) in periods of relapses and remission of the infection revealed no significant changes in specific cellular immune response, blasttransformation of lymphocytes to herpes simplex virus antigen. At the same time, the indices of nonspecific cellular responsiveness: the rosette-forming activity of T-lymphocytes and the level of leukocyte interferon were markedly reduced in the period of recurrence of the infection and increased as remission developed. The role of immune factors in the pathogenesis of herpes relapses is discussed. PMID- 7135932 TI - Hodgkin's disease in Jamaica: changing patterns in histological subtypes. PMID- 7135933 TI - Hodgkin's disease in Jamaica: presenting clinical features. PMID- 7135934 TI - Hodgkin's disease in Jamaica: response to treatment. PMID- 7135935 TI - Rate and rhythm changes in the heart during intubation of the trachea. PMID- 7135936 TI - Hysterosalpingography at the University Hospital of the West Indies. PMID- 7135937 TI - Emphysematous pyelitis and papillary necrosis. PMID- 7135938 TI - Actinomycosis: a report on five cases. PMID- 7135939 TI - Spontaneous rupture of the diaphragm during delivery. PMID- 7135940 TI - Quality of care in women with stage I cervical cancer. AB - A study was done to assess the quality of care received by women with stage I cervical cancer. Through a population-based registry serving 13 counties of western Washington, including Seattle, we identified all women residents in whom local-stage cervical cancer developed between January 1974 and December 1978 (N=369). The cases were subdivided into stage IA (microinvasive) and stage IB (frankly invasive). Quality of care was defined as optimal or suboptimal at the outset of the study; this definition applied to all cases. In patients with stage IB cervical cancer, striking relationships were found between the quality of care and initial and referral hospital characteristics and physician's specialty. No differences were found, however, in three-year survival between the optimally and suboptimally treated groups. PMID- 7135941 TI - Infective endocarditis due to anaerobic and microaerophilic bacteria. AB - Seven cases of infective endocarditis (IE) due to anaerobic or microaerophilic bacteria were seen in a period of 42 months at Rancho Los Amigos Hospital (Downey, California), representing 10.6 percent of the total number of 66 cases that carried the diagnosis of IE. Five of the 66 patients had polymicrobial endocarditis. Three of five patients with polymicrobial endocarditis had at least one anaerobic or microaerophilic microorganism isolated from the blood, and all five patients practiced intravenous drug abuse. Six of the seven patients with anaerobic or microaerophilic IE were women. The three patients who had anaerobic Gram-negative bacillary endocarditis were drug abusers. None of the isolated organisms were Bacteroides fragilis. The following heart valves were involved in the seven patients with anaerobic or microaerophilic IE: tricuspid (three), mitral (two), aortic (one) and tricuspid plus aortic (one). Three of the seven patients had preexistent valvular disease, and two required tricuspid valvulectomy. Only one patient had serious systemic embolism (cerebral), but all four drug abusers had septic pulmonary embolism. All seven patients recovered with appropriate antimicrobial therapy. PMID- 7135942 TI - CT-evidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage due to presumed gnathostomiasis. PMID- 7135943 TI - Bleeding after liver biopsy. PMID- 7135944 TI - Pulmonary embolism in Buerger's disease. PMID- 7135945 TI - Traveler's diarrhea. PMID- 7135946 TI - Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. PMID- 7135947 TI - Ethical problems in medical practice. A protocol for the guidance of physicians. PMID- 7135948 TI - Polyarthritis associated with breast carcinoma. PMID- 7135949 TI - Metaldehyde poisoning from slug bait ingestion. PMID- 7135950 TI - Infectious mononucleosis. PMID- 7135951 TI - Infant passenger safety education in perinatal services in California. AB - Of 166 hospitals surveyed in California, 53 (31.9 percent) routinely provide some information on infant car-safety to parents of newborns and 115 (69.2 percent) were interested in developing a more comprehensive program of infant passenger safety. More than 80 percent of the hospitals estimated that less than a fourth of the infants were safely restrained on leaving the hospital. Larger hospitals provided more car safety education and expressed greater interest in developing comprehensive programs in the future. Although present services are limited, there is interest in expanding infant passenger safety education not only in perinatal services but in childbirth classes as well. PMID- 7135952 TI - 'Loads' alert. AB - "Loads," a combination of glutethimide and codeine, are a relatively new form of drug abuse that is increasing in popularity in the Los Angeles area as a heroin substitute. Preliminary findings based on interviews and treatment of a group of preferential Loads abusers seen over a one-year period suggest that this combination has a potential for serious intoxications and withdrawal complications. The common withdrawal symptoms include those produced by both a sedative-hypnotic and a major narcotic and necessitate a detoxification plan based on the pharmacologic rationale of the abused combination. PMID- 7135953 TI - The bedside Sherlock Holmes. AB - There are a multitude of diagnostic clues contained in clothing, jewelry, possessions and other extracorporeal attachments that each patient brings with him or her to a physician. Because of the emphasis of classic physical diagnosis on the body of a patient solely, and because of modern practices that may have patients stripped of these articles before the first encounter with their physician, these interesting and enlightening findings are often ignored or unavailable. Incorporation of these observations into the panoply of data obtained from the history and physical examination will enhance both the accuracy and adventure of differential diagnosis. Such exercises in observation, moreover, may increase general physical diagnostic skills as well as enliven bedside rounds. PMID- 7135954 TI - Urology/sexuality clinic: results of counseling of 67 men. AB - Of 67 psychogenically impotent men encountered in a new Urology/Sexuality Clinic during its first 36 months of operation at the University of California Medical Center in San Francisco, 52 returned for more than one urologic counseling visit, rendered individually by the senior author in all cases. There was a 79 percent success rate in the form of reinstatement of sexual activity, generally within three sessions, at weekly intervals. Success appeared, for the most part, unrelated to age, to previous treatment elsewhere, or even to major medical or surgical problems among some of these men who ranged in age from 18 to 78 years. PMID- 7135955 TI - [Isolation of lymphocytes and granulocytes in human peripheral blood in a Ficoll and Uropoline gradient]. PMID- 7135957 TI - [Association of vaginitis and urinary tract infections in non-pregnant women]. PMID- 7135956 TI - [Ibuprofen pharmacokinetics in patients with liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 7135958 TI - [Atypical pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma]. PMID- 7135959 TI - [Case of tuberculous peritonitis in a woman treated for infertility]. PMID- 7135960 TI - [Angiomatosis of the liver as a rare cause of death]. PMID- 7135961 TI - [Case of multiorgan injury]. PMID- 7135962 TI - [Traumatic fracture of the 1st rib]. PMID- 7135963 TI - [Acute unintentional intraoperative hemodilution]. PMID- 7135964 TI - [Variability of disease picture during successive exacerbations in mixed collagen disease]. PMID- 7135965 TI - [Reye's syndrome--a hereditary amino acid metabolism error]. PMID- 7135966 TI - [The need for early diagnosis and treatment of fractures of the jugal bone and arch]. PMID- 7135967 TI - [Value of diagnostic studies in closed injuries of the abdominal cavity]. PMID- 7135968 TI - [Various causes of delayed diagnosis of cancer of the esophagus and cardia]. PMID- 7135969 TI - [Early results of operations for vesico-ureteral reflux by the Cohen method in children]. PMID- 7135970 TI - [Significance of the duration of infertility for the prognosis of fertility in men with decreased semen value]. PMID- 7135971 TI - [Computers in the study of various atherosclerosis risk factors]. PMID- 7135972 TI - [Treatment of endometriosis]. PMID- 7135973 TI - [Hydronephrosis of the residual kidney caused by chronic non-specific ureteritis]. PMID- 7135974 TI - [Diagnosis of intra-abdominal abscesses]. PMID- 7135975 TI - [Case of a giant myoma in a 38-year-old multipara]. PMID- 7135976 TI - [Use of collagen membrane in the surgical treatment of extensive ureteral strictures]. PMID- 7135977 TI - [A suggestion for screening examinations for breast cancer]. PMID- 7135978 TI - [Penetration of antibiotics into peripheral infection foci]. AB - The general pharmacokinetics of first order open one- and two-compartment models are given. Particular attention is drawn to the penetration of peripheral foci by antibiotics. The amount of a substance transported to a focus of infection is proportional to the area under the plasma concentration curve. The peak in peripheral foci appears somewhat later than in the plasma and is a little lower. However, when substances are excreted rapidly from the body the level in peripheral foci often remains above the serum level towards the end of the dosage interval. Intermittent administration achieves a higher peripheral concentration than a continuous infusion of the same dosage. PMID- 7135979 TI - Evolution and pathology of rectal cancer. PMID- 7135980 TI - Assessing the problem, preparing the patient, and minimizing the risks in rectal cancer surgery. PMID- 7135981 TI - Anterior and low anterior resection. PMID- 7135982 TI - Per-anal anastomosis. PMID- 7135983 TI - The parasacral sphincter-splitting approach to the rectum. PMID- 7135984 TI - Abdominoperineal excision. PMID- 7135985 TI - Management of the colostomy. PMID- 7135986 TI - Radiation therapy of rectal cancer. PMID- 7135987 TI - The follow-up of patients after definitive resections for large bowel cancer. PMID- 7135988 TI - Parietal cell vagotomy: experience with 114 patients with prepyloric or duodenal ulcer. PMID- 7135989 TI - The role of portal blood factors in regeneration of the liver. PMID- 7135990 TI - Adverse reactions following T-tube removal. PMID- 7135991 TI - The importance of anti-lipid A (anti-endotoxin): prevention of "shock lung" and acute renal failure. PMID- 7135992 TI - Arteriovenous fistulas for dialysis: blood flow, viscosity, and long-term patency. PMID- 7135993 TI - Tubo-ovarian abscess in the postmenopausal woman. PMID- 7135994 TI - Geriatric medicine--a demographic imperative. PMID- 7135995 TI - The assessment of rehabilitation potential in the elderly. PMID- 7135996 TI - Does cobalt pretreatment of mice induce a phenobarbitone-type cytochrome P-450? AB - 1. Pretreatment of male C57BL/6JHan mice with 40 mg/kg cobaltous chloride for two days, or three days pretreatment with 80 mg/kg phenobarbitone led to an increase of biphenyl-4-hydroxylation of similar magnitude. 2-Hydroxylation remains unaffected in both cases. 2. The time course shows an equivalent decrease in 2- and 4-hydroxylation for 6 h, when microsomal Co concn, reaches its maximum. Thereafter 4-hydroxylation increases to reach the enhanced values. 3. Kinetic analysis of biphenyl 2- and 4-hydroxylation reveals distinct differences. The apparent Km for 4-hydroxylation decreases in Co-pretreated mice but remains constant in phenobarbitone-pretreated animals. Also, the ratio of 4- to 2 hydroxylation in microsomes from phenobarbitone-treated animals remains unchanged for substrate concn. of 10(-5) to 2 X 10(-3) m, but for Co-pretreatment this ratio increases markedly from 2 to 5, with increasing substrate concn. 4. Increasing concn. of the competitive inhibitor, metyrapone, reveal a greater susceptibility of microsomal cytochrome P-450 from Co-treated mice than normal or phenobarbitone-induced animals. In contrast, deprivation of reducing equivalents in vitro in the presence of metyrapone shows similarities between microsomes from cobalt- and phenobarbitone-pretreated mice. PMID- 7135997 TI - The metabolism of [14C]cimetidine in man. AB - 1. The excretion and metabolism of [2-(14)C]cimetidine (500 mg orally) was studied in five male volunteers. 2. Over 70% of the 14C was excreted in the urine after 24 h by all individuals with 5% in the faeces; 97% being recovered in total after three days. 3. Unchanged cimetidine was the largest urinary component (63%), followed by a polar conjugate tentatively identified as cimetidine N' glucuronide (24%). Smaller amounts of the oxidized metabolites, cimetidine sulphoxide and 5-hydroxymethylcimetidine, together with the hydrolysis products, cimetidine guanylurea and cimetidine guanidine, were also observed. 4. Cimetidine and its sulphoxide were identified in faecal samples. Anaerobic incubations of cimetidine or cimetidine sulphoxide with faecal homogenates showed that reduction was the predominant reaction under these conditions. 5. Studies in one individual over a wide dose range (0.5 mg to 1.5 g orally) showed little variation in excretory profile or metabolic spectrum. PMID- 7135998 TI - Kinetics and retention of solanidine in man. AB - 1. When [3H]solanidine was administered to normal human subjects by i.v. injection, the tritium concentration in the erythrocytes was 2-5 times greater than in the plasma. Three phases in the clearance of tritium from the plasma were identified having half-times of 2-5 min, 120-300 min and 70-105 h. 2. Rates of excretion of 3H in urine and faeces were low: 24 h after administration, 1-4% of the dose of 3H had been excreted in urine and 1-3% in faeces. During the following week the combined rates of excretion were about 2% a day. 3. Solanidine has been detected in human post-mortem liver and its identity confirmed by mass spectroscopy. 4. These data show that solanidine is absorbed from the diet and stored in the body for prolonged periods of time. We suggest that at times of increased metabolic stress (pregnancy, starvation, debilitating illness), stored solanidine might be mobilized from innocuous loci with deleterious effects. PMID- 7135999 TI - Effects of endotoxin upon rat hepatic microsomal drug metabolism in vivo and in vitro. AB - 1. Bacterial endotoxin, a soluble lipopolysaccharide, has been studied to ascertain its effects in vivo and in vitro on the hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes of adult male and female rats. 2. 24 h after a single 1 X 0 or 2 X 0 mg/kg i.p. dose of endotoxin, hexobarbital sleeping time was significantly increased in adult male rats. Significant inhibition of liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 occurred after 6 h and continued only until 24 h after endotoxin administration, while injection of inactivated endotoxin did not result in any significant decrease of hepatic mixed-function oxidase enzymes or cytochrome P 450. In contrast, rho-nitrophenol-UDP-glucuronyltransferase enzyme activity was unaffected by these levels of endotoxin. 3. Electron-microscopic examination of rat liver hepatocytes did not reveal any significant change in ultrastructure 24 h after a single i.p. dose of endotoxin. 4. Endotoxin failed to depress the phenobarbitone- or 3-methylcholanthrene-induced forms of cytochrome P-450 and the dependent mono-oxygenase enzymes. Simultaneous administration of phenobarbital and endotoxin resulted in 100% mortality of rats. Combination of 3 methylcholanthrene and endotoxin did not block the induction of cytochrome P-448 or dependent benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase activity. 5. Addition of endotoxin in vitro resulted in significant inhibition of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 and aminopyrine N-demethylase activity only on preincubation with an NADPH generating system supplemented with EDTA. PMID- 7136000 TI - Polymorphic acetylation of sulphamethazine in rural bedouin and urban-dwellers in Saudi Arabia. AB - 1. The polymorphic acetylation of sulphamethazine (sulphadimidine, sulphamezathine) has been investigated in a population of 109 Saudi male arabs of rural bedouin origin and in 126 Saudi female arabs from urban cosmopolitan areas of Jeddah. 2. Rural males excreted 5-79% of the administered dose (1 X 5 g/m2 body surface area) in the 0-12 h urine and the urban females excreted 5-97%. 3. The frequency distribution of the ratio acetyl sulphamethazine/sulphamethazine was bimodal in rural, urban and the combined populations with a clear antimode at 70% acetylation of the recovered dose. 4. The incidence of slow acetylators was 67 X 9, 59 X 5 and 63 X 4% in the rural, urban and combined populations. The incidence of the As allele in Saudi arabs was thus 0 X 80+/-0 X 03 S.E.M., which is similar to that found in the neighbouring countries, of Egypt and Sudan. Since no significant difference in As frequency was apparent between the rural (pure) and urban (cosmopolitan) arabs, it is concluded that immigrants to Saudi Arabia from other muslim countries have not affected the gene frequencies with respect to acetylation. 5. Methodology of assessing acetylation phenotype is discussed. It would appear that urine analysis alone gives satisfactory discrimination between phenotypes. PMID- 7136001 TI - The fate of [14C]trithiozine in man. AB - 1. Radioactivity of [14C]trithiozine (4-(3,4,5-trimethoxythiobenzoyl)tetrahydro 1,4-oxazine) was recovered quantitatively in the excreta within four days of a single dose (400 mg) given to four human subjects. The urine was the major route of elimination. 2. The concn. of parent drug in plasma showed a peak at 1 X 5 h after dosing and a half-life 7 h. Two metabolites were detected in plasma, corresponding to the products of desulphuration and demethylation. 3. Little unchanged drug was excreted in urine (0 X 9%). Major pathways of metabolism were O-demethylation at the 3 or 4 positions of the benzene ring followed by conjugation, S-oxidation to the sulphoxide, and desulphuration of the thiobenzoyl group to form the benzoyl analogue. The trimethoxybenzoyl metabolite underwent O demethylation at the 3 or 4 position of the benzene ring following by conjugation, mono- and di-hydroxylation of the heterocyclic ring and scission of the heterocyclic ring to yield both neutral and acid metabolites. PMID- 7136002 TI - Dose-related effects of m-xylene inhalation on the xenobiotic metabolism of the rat. AB - 1. Male Wistar rats were exposed for two weeks (6 h/d, 5 d/week) to 0, 50, 400 or 750 p.p.m. of m-xylene vapour in the air. 2. Microsomal enzyme activities were significantly increased in the liver as follows: NADPH-cytochrome c reductase (less than or equal to 1.2-fold), O-deethylation reactions (less than or equal to 1.8-fold) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity (less than or equal to 2.9 fold). Cytochrome P-450 concentrations also increased with dose. 3. Microsomal affinity to m-xylene increased with dose of m-xylene in vivo, similar to the increased affinity seen in type I spectra390-420nm formation with cytochrome P 450 in vitro. 4. Reduced glutathione concn. in liver declined significantly, while in the kidneys the glutathione remained unchanged. 5. In the kidneys, the concn. of cytochrome P-450 (less than or equal to 1.3-fold), O-deethylation activity (less than or equal to 5.3-fold) and the rate of glucuronidation (less than or equal to 1.8-fold) increased with the dose of xylene. 6. Microsomal protein contents in liver and kidneys increased with the two highest doses of xylene. 7. The hepatic and renal effects were dose-dependent and closely related to the accumulation of m-xylene in perirenal fat. 8. Despite stimulation of xenobiotic metabolism by m-xylene, inhalation did not alter the serum transaminase activity or cause morphological changes in the liver. PMID- 7136003 TI - Fate of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin metabolites from dogs in rats. AB - 1. Metabolites of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) were extracted from the bile of TCDD-treated dogs and administered by gavage to bile-duct-cannulated rats and also to an intact rat. 2. Radioactivity of the TCDD metabolites was rapidly cleared from the body of the rats, indicating that bioaccumulation of these compounds does not occur. 3. Biliary excretion was the most important route of elimination in the cannulated rats and amounted to greater than 30% of the administered dose within 24h. TCDD metabolites were also eliminated to a minor extent by the kidneys. The combined recovery of radioactivity in faeces, bile and urine after 24h accounted for greater than 85% of the dose. 4. The intact animal exhibited a somewhat different kinetic behaviour in that only 13% dose was excreted in faeces and urine after 24h, which indicates enterohepatic circulation. The administered radioactivity was completely recovered after 72h. 5. Results from the present experiments indicate that metabolism of TCDD is the rate-limiting step in elimination of TCDD from the liver. Interspecies variability in the toxicity of TCDD may in part be attributable to different rates at which the species metabolize and excrete TCDD. PMID- 7136004 TI - Hepatic microsomal drug metabolism in the pregnant rat. AB - 1. Hepatic microsomal drug metabolism determined with the substrates aniline (p hydroxylation), ethylmorphine (N-demethylation) and p-nitrobenzoic acid (reduction), decreased during gestation in the rat to 53-73% of non-pregnant control levels by day 20 of gestation. 2. Enzyme activity remained low at one day post-partum, but had returned to control non-pregnant levels by five days post partum. 3. The total capacity of the liver to metabolize drugs remained unchanged or increased because liver weight was increased by up to 40% during pregnancy. 4. Changes in drug metabolism were not related to alterations in the concentration, substrate-induced binding affinity (Ks) or maximal spectral change (delta Amax) of cytochrome P-450. 5. Alterations in hepatic drug metabolism are possibly mediated via changes in microsomal phospholipids and/or the cytochrome P-450 spin state equilibrium as as pregnancy was associated with a decrease in (a) microsomal total phospholipids, (b) the phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylethanolamine ratio and (c) the high-spin form of ferricytochrome P 450. PMID- 7136005 TI - Inhibition of tissue aryl hydrocarbon (benzo[a]pyrene) hydroxylase by 7,8 benzoflavone in birds. AB - 1. Addition of 7,8-benzoflavone (7,8-BF) inhibited both hepatic and renal constitutive activity of aryl hydrocarbon (benzo[a]pyrene) hydroxylase in vitro for a number of avian species. Inhibition of hepatic benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase was 70-94% in wild pigeon; 46-88% in homing pigeon; 85-93% in house crow; 18-53% in common kite; 56-86% in cattle egret; and for the renal enzyme was 43-84, 52 88, 18-73 and 13-48% respectively. 2. 3-Methylcholanthrene treatment of homing pigeons resulted in the induction of liver and kidney benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase activity. Induced enzyme activity was also significantly inhibited by 7,8-BF. PMID- 7136006 TI - 3-thiomethylparacetamol sulphate and glucuronide: metabolites of paracetamol and N-hydroxyparacetamol. AB - 1. Two new metabolites of paracetamol, 3-thiomethylparacetamol sulphate and glucuronide, have been isolated and identified. 2. The metabolites occurred in both rat and mouse urine after administration of either paracetamol of N hydroxyparacetamol. The amount excreted increased proportionally with the dose. PMID- 7136007 TI - Selection of an animal model for implant fixation studies: anatomical aspects. AB - A number of different animal models have been employed by investigators to study the biology of the bone-cement interface as it relates to the problem of hip implant loosening in humans. This study compares to the human three species (baboon, dog, and sheep) currently under use as experimental animal models from an anatomical point of view. A number of parameters, important for the dimensional design of a femoral prosthesis, loads at the hip joint and its subsequent performance, were used for comparing external and internal femoral anatomy. The baboon and dog femora were found to be most similar to the human femur in their external anatomy. The quantification of cancellous bone distribution within the medullary canal revealed that, of the species studied, the sheep femur provided the least support to the prosthesis. The results suggest that the dog and baboon are anatomically appropriate for studying hip implant biomechanics experimentally. Thus, from an anatomical point of view, the current extensive use of the dog as an experimental animal appears appropriate. PMID- 7136008 TI - Assessment of observer variability in the classification of human cataracts. AB - An in vitro cataract classification system was developed in our laboratories and used to demonstrate a relationship between sustained aspirin intake and the apparent deceleration or retardation of human cataract formation. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the reliability of this cataract classification schema. Sets of extracted human cataractous lenses, which had been photographed in vitro, were randomly assigned to five observers. The task was to classify the lenses on the basis of nuclear and cortical involvement, as reflected in color and area changes along five groupings. Assessments were made on the basis of both intraobserver and interobserver agreement levels, corrected for chance (weighted kappa values). All five examiners evidenced levels of intraobserver agreement which ranged between "Good" and "Fair" and "Excellent" (.46-.83). Each of the five observers was ranked on the basis of his agreement levels with the remaining four observers. The results followed a predictable pattern such that the more experienced the observer in classifying cataracts, the more consistent his rankings vis-a-vis the remaining four evaluators. These results are discussed in the general context of observer variability studies in the field of medicine. PMID- 7136010 TI - Transformation of tomatidine by Gymnoascus reesii. PMID- 7136009 TI - The diagnostic evaluation of risk factors for urinary tract stones: an analysis of care patterns in five hospitals. AB - Medical records of hospitalized primary urolithiasis patients in five Connecticut hospitals were studied to determine the aggressiveness of the diagnostic search for metabolic and other renal stone risk factors. A total of 924 patients over three years were analyzed. Routine serum, urine, and X-ray tests were generally performed according to accepted criteria. However, medical histories were generally inadequate, and 24-hour urine studies for calcium and uric acid were performed on less than half of the patients for whom they were indicated. Neither the complexity of the stone problem nor the stone event number appeared to influence the intensity of the diagnostic search in any important way. Other deficiencies included the lack of followup of abnormal test findings and the lack of treatment of problems discovered. The diagnostic approach in each hospital was stable over time. PMID- 7136011 TI - [Optimization of culture conditions for Acinetobacter calcoaceticus grown on n alkanes in a laboratory fermenter]. AB - The growth conditions for the cultivation of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus in a commercial laboratory fermenter have been optimized. This was done taking former results of shake cultures as a basis. At the end of the logarithmic phase up to 10 g/l dry weight were obtained. The following culture conditions have been used: The medium contained 10 ml/l n-alkane and 6 g/l NH4Cl. The pH was adjusted to 6.5 and pO2 employed to 70% saturation. A 12 times higher amount of dry weight was observed compared with shake culture technique. PMID- 7136012 TI - Effect of medium treatment on microbial degradation of sterols by Nocardia. AB - The rate of transformation of cholesterol by Nocardia sp. is affected by the culture medium composition as well as by the way it has been treated before inoculation. When 1% of peptone was sterilized separately and afterwards added to the basic medium, the transformation of cholesterol to bisnorchola-1,4-dienic acid, as well as further aerobic degradation, was accelerated by a factor of 2. If this enriched medium was kept at rest overnight, the rate of transformation was lowered to half. Heating of additional peptone together with a basic medium resulted only in a slight diminution of the transformation of the preceding 4-ene metabolite to the final 1,4-diene when compared with a normal basic medium without any additive. PMID- 7136013 TI - [Cytochrome pattern of methylotropic acetic acid bacterium MB 58 as dependent on growth conditions]. AB - In contrast to methylotrophic bacteria investigated up to now the facultative methylotrophic Bacterium MB 58 (Acetobactersp. MB 58) does not possess a cytochrome aa3-complex, but we could find out cytochrome, cytochrome cco, cytochrome a1, and moreover cytochrome d in dependence on the growth conditions. Cytochrome d was found only in stationary phase of heterotrophic growth. Under methylotrophic growth conditions cytochrome d could be demonstrated only by lowering of the aeration rate during the fermentation, by variation the pH-value of the growth medium from 4.0 to 6.5 and with low growth rates (low dilution rates) during continuous fermentation. The addition of cyanide to the oxidized suspension of bacteria during the registration of the cytochrome-redox-difference spectrum allowed the selective representation of cytochrome d under all conditions even if no identification was possible in the spectrum normally. The oxidation of cytochrome d of Acetobacter sp. MB 58 in the presence of cyanide is an indication of its cyanide insensitivity. The low level of b-type cytochromes could be represented by a special technique for registration of spectra. In this connection a unknown absorption peak at 570 nm was registered. The cyanide insensitivity of cytochrome d from Acetobacter sp. MB 58 and the occurrence of several terminal oxidases is appreciated as a hint for a branched respiratory chain. PMID- 7136014 TI - [Circulating immune complexes and age]. AB - The circulating immune complexes were quantitatively determined by PEG precipitation in the serum samples of 413 from the clinical point of view healthy persons subdivided into several age groups. In comparison with the other age groups the age group of 0-15 years showed the lowest immune complex values (mean = 3.14 +/- 0.96 mg protein/ml) with a significant higher distribution (p = 5%). Significant differences between the persons of the age of 16-30, 31-45 and 46-60 years were not traceable. The average values of the circulating immune complexes amounted to 3.82 +/- 0.75, 3.9 +/- 0.67 respectively 3.91 +/- 0.38 mg protein/ml. In comparison with these three age groups the circulating immune complexes showed with an average value of 3.62 +/- 0.75 mg protein/ml a falling tendency for the persons more than 60 years old. There existed a statistical significant difference (p = 5%) for the persons of the age of 31-45 years. A sexual dependence of the immune complexes could not be found within the age groups. Autoantibodies (ANF, anti-dsDNA antibodies) were traceable in the serum of 23 (24.7%) of the persons more than 60 years old. The comparison of the sera with and without autoantibodies didn't show any significant difference with regard to the immune complexes. PMID- 7136015 TI - [Age-specific peculiarities of the acid base balance and the influence of various diets]. AB - The acid-base balance was studied in animals (486 male white rats) belonging to two age groups, one young (4 to 5 months) and the other old (24 to 28 months), as was the influence exercised by various diets. With growing age we found a rising trend towards a decrease in blood pH and a statistically significant increase in PCO2 in association with an insignificant decrease in the parameters for the system's metabolic element. Functional tests carried out by adding acidifying or alkalizing substances showed a declining reliability of the organism's puffer systems and a deminished reserve capacity of the regulatory mechanisms of the acid-base balance with growing age. We found that various nutrients (fats, proteins and carbohydrates) have a different impact on the acid-base balance in animals of various ages. While animals fats and proteins produce metabolic acidosis, carbohydrates produce metabolic alkalosis. We discovered some of the mechanisms responsible for the changes observed in the acid-base balance of both young and old animals. Our experiments showed light on the close relationship existing between the acid-base balance and the character and the nature of nutrients, thus convincingly demonstrating the possibility of active alimentary control of the organism's internal state. PMID- 7136016 TI - [The manifestation of psoriasis arthropathica in later life]. AB - The article deals with a group of 12 patients (8 females and 4 males), who generally first developed arthralgia as a feature of psoriasis beyond the age of 60. In all cases psoriasis arthropatica was diagnosed on the basis of physical, laboratory and X-ray examinations. Radiomorphological changes in the skeletal system are described in detail. The article also contains information on the treatment given, which in later life should be chiefly symptomatic on account of the increased risk of side-effects. PMID- 7136017 TI - [Rheumatoid arthritis in people of advanced age]. AB - The special position occupied by rheumatoid arthritis in people of advanced age was studied by drawing on a sample of 39 patients who had developed the disease at the age of sixty and over. In the majority of patients the disease was of acute and monoarticular onset, and the pattern of involvement was more often asymmetrical than in younger patients. In three patients the disease followed a fulminant course. The radiological differential diagnosis was complicated primarily by underlying osteoporosis and concomittant degenerative changes. Laboratory tests produced no significant differences compared with the "classic" form of rheumatoid arthritis. Only the percentage of serologically negative patients was slightly increased. Emphasis is put on the difficult differential diagnosis, especially in cases where the onset of the disease is monoarticular. PMID- 7136018 TI - [Progression of idiopathic scoliosis in the middle aged]. PMID- 7136020 TI - [Patient compliance as a function of type of management and age]. AB - For the medical monitoring of selected groups of patients to be successful, it is necessary that the patients concerned cooperate in every respect. Our studies have showen that compliance was best (82 per cent) in the case of those locked after in their homes. Groups of specially selected patients came next with just under 80 per cent. Cooperation was least satisfactory (33 per cent) among those who were not given a definite appointment. PMID- 7136019 TI - [Diabetes mellitus in advanced old age. 3. Cardiovascular risk patterns in long term diabetics who have grown old compared to newly detected cases of late-onset diabetics]. AB - The investigation of each 131 long term diabetics of 60 years and older (average: 71 years) with a mean diabetes duration of 19.7 years with respect to the presence of 5 classical risk factors of the "metabolic syndrome" yielded a significant more seldom appearance of hypertension and overweight (p less than 0.01) in comparison to newly detected old age diabetics (group comparison done with the principle of biostatical gemini forming), while the frequencies of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and hyperuricemia didn't differ in the two groups. Though the cardio-vascular risk profile of the long term diabetics (mean value: 2.28 risk factors per patient) shows more favourable with this (selection by overmortality of diabetics with several risk factors already with shorter disease duration?) than with newly detected diabetic patients (mean value: 2.85 risk factors per patient) is demanded on account of the negative influence of the cardiovascular risk factors on the development of macroangiopathy to mind these pathogenic magnitudes of influence also with longer duration of the diabetes stronger than before now in higher ages too. PMID- 7136021 TI - [Evaluation of operative mortality among patients aged over 80 between 1970 and 1980]. AB - The second surgical department of the Postgraduate Medical School conducted a 10 year analysis covering patients aged over 80. The results suggest that elective surgery is advisable even at this advanced age. A sound pre-operative diagnosis can help ensure that aged patients undergo an operation at the earliest possible date, the death rate from surgery carried out in a late acute stage being much higher. The authors take issue with the view -- still regarded as a dogma in the surgical world -- that the operation should be "minimal". They note that good results in "geriatric" surgery depend on good management and adequate pre operative and post-operative observation. PMID- 7136022 TI - Lips and labial regions in old age. AB - The author records the morphology and functions of 80 old (66 to 92 years) subjects lips and labial regions. She mentions the following types: 1. no wrinkles, normal lips and surroundings; 2. marked sulcus nasolabialis; 3. marked sulcus nasolabialis and sulcus tristitiae; 4. marked sulcus nasolabialis and sulcus tristitiae and many small wrinkles instead or in place of the latter; 5. sagging, floppy lower lips. Those types were often found to coincide with the look, the gait, the psycho-somatic status. According to our experiments, the simultaneous marked presence of sulcus nasolabialis and sulcus tristitiae is a real sign of old age. Lonely old people often have marked sulci tristitiae and many small wrinkles. The morphologic and functional changes described in the foregoing are related primarily with the psychovegetative disposition; their emergence is not due to the normal or abnormal clinical laboratory parameters. The above recording is an effort to provide guidance on geriatric therapy, prognosis, rehabilitation, possibilities of prevention. PMID- 7136023 TI - [Diagnosis of spinal diseases]. PMID- 7136024 TI - [Necessity, possibilities and limits of inclusion of family and factory physicians into the ambulatory care of diabetics]. PMID- 7136025 TI - [Problems in the diagnosis and treatment of acute poisoning]. PMID- 7136026 TI - [Current treatment with clofibrate or clofibric acid (Regadrin)]. PMID- 7136027 TI - [Depression in general practice]. PMID- 7136028 TI - [Psychotherapy of anorexia nervosa in puberty]. PMID- 7136029 TI - [Problem of acute congested kidney in non-urology patients]. PMID- 7136031 TI - [Role of disulfiram in the treatment of withdrawal in alcoholics]. PMID- 7136032 TI - [Legal property status of day care and nursing home residents]. PMID- 7136030 TI - [Prognosis of biliary and liver changes in cholelithiasis]. PMID- 7136033 TI - [Training program for the improvement of the physician-patient relations]. PMID- 7136034 TI - [Significance and tasks of hygiene in the scientific technical revolution]. PMID- 7136035 TI - [Incidence and significance of extracardially caused heart rhythm disorders and ECG changes]. PMID- 7136036 TI - [Ren mobilis symptoms and indication for surgery]. PMID- 7136037 TI - [Localization and spread of phlebothrombotic processes in acute venous thrombosis of the shoulder axillary vein]. PMID- 7136038 TI - [Possibilities of direct sound and impulse ultrasound treatment of radiohumeral epicondylitis]. PMID- 7136039 TI - [Combination of apparatus for objective rheobase measurements in the management of pregnancy]. PMID- 7136040 TI - [Puerperal fever in a community hospital - a case report from the perspective of the clinician]. PMID- 7136041 TI - [Significance of psoriasis vulgaris in childhood]. PMID- 7136042 TI - [Changes in manganese concentration in blood in myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7136044 TI - [Bronchus dystopia with emphysema and solitary lung cyst in children]. AB - Occasionally bronchial dystopia may be the cause of lobular emphysema. Only by bronchoscopy and bronchography exact diagnosis is possible. For therapy in children the methods of lung resection should be taken into consideration. PMID- 7136043 TI - [The effect of bronchial reactivity on the hemodynamics of the pulmonary circulation in the early diagnosis of chronic non-specific lung diseases]. AB - For the early diagnostics of chronic nonspecific pulmonary disease reversible functional disorders in persons without any symptoms and those with manifest obstruction should be identified. Provocation tests with acetylcholine-ultrasonic aerosol have proved themselves. In 25 persons without any respiratory symptoms and in 27 patients with manifest obstruction the reactions of increased airway resistance to the hemodynamic of the pulmonary circuit were studied. It is possible to separate clearly groups with different pulmonary artery stream resistance measured by means of microheart-catheterization after inhalation of 0.01% acetylcholine-ultrasonic-aerosol. PMID- 7136045 TI - [Comparative consideration of the diagnostic capacity and risks of various roentgenologic methods in the complex diagnosis of malignant bronchial obstructive diseases]. AB - Basing on own experience and literature reviews the significance and hazards of the various diagnostic methods in bronchial carcinoma are discussed. In routine programmes bronchography should be given up for therapeutic decision finding. Tomography and mediastinoscopy usually allow to make clear the disease pattern without increasing essentially the risk of a following surgical intervention. PMID- 7136046 TI - [Mass screening for goiter under a public x-ray program]. AB - The photofluorograms obtained during the 1976 public x-ray screening programme in the urban region of Rostock were scrutinized for dilations of the mediastinum and displacements of the trachea which might indicate strumae. Suspicious x-ray findings were verified scintigraphically in 42 of 117 cases. Tracheal constriction and displacement were found in 28 patients. Except for two suffering from hyperthyroidism, all patients were euthyroid on the basis of the in vitro diagnosis. 14 of 18 "cold" nodes and regions were clarified cytologically. Altogether, 21 patients were treated by hormone substitution, 4 by surgery and 1 (female) by radio-iodine therapy. This shows that public x-ray screening programmes are a suitable tool for identifying treatable strumae regardless of age for little additional cost. PMID- 7136047 TI - [Detection of lung fibrosis in a polyclinic department for lung diseases and tuberculosis]. AB - 34 persons with pulmonary fibrosis found by the Chest Clinic were evaluated. Nearly half of all patients were sent by other physicians. Dyspnea and bronchitis are of the first place in the range of frequency of complaints. In some cases the troubles were existing for 20 years. In the main cause of delay was diagnosis' failing inspite of suspicious x-ray picture and troubles mentioned above. PMID- 7136048 TI - [Bronchial asthma following Daphnia allergy]. AB - In general medical practice too little attention is devoted to daphnia allergy. Therefore in the past 6 years we asked 611 patients with extrinsic and intrinsic asthma whether they have an aquarium in their residence resp. whether they use fish-food with dried daphnia. 43 patients with atopic asthma and allergic rhinitis were exposed, 28 of them had high positive Prick-test-reaction with daphnia extracts. All these sensitized patients had their symptoms in connection with the exposition to dried daphnia. But nobody told spontaneously about this special cause of symptoms. After avoiding contact to daphnia all patients became free from symptoms. Therefore it is recommended always to ask for daphnia exposition when making the allergic case history. PMID- 7136049 TI - [Is there a relation between occupational exposure of the welder and the formation of bronchial cancer?]. AB - From 1961 to 1979 844 men with a bronchogenic carcinoma have been operated in the Pulmological Department of the Wittenberg-Apollensdorf hospital. 63 patients (7.5%) were younger than 45, 781 (92.5%) were older than 45 years of age. Those who are employed in the metal industry are at the top of the occupational index in both age groups, whereas those employed in the chemical industry are only on place 5, although the district of Halle from which the patients mostly are coming is the centre of the chemical industry in the GDR. In our investigations it is remarkable that the group of welders, and heating fitters is to be found on place 2 among the younger patients, whereas the older ones occupy place 11. PMID- 7136050 TI - [Smoking cessation--report from a practical endeavor]. AB - For persons willing to give up smoking a cessation clinic for smokers was opened in the district town Oschersleben in 1972. Psychotherapeutic group discussions were used as working methods. The persons wanting medical advice came to the cessation clinic by their own free will or by referring by a doctor. 53.6% of 742 patients succeeded in stopping smoking (on the conditions that they had not smoked) for at least 6 months. The weaning was especially successful for those persons sent to the clinic by a doctor. These patients had a 15% higher rate of success. By this cooperation the effectiveness of a cessation clinic for smokers may be increased. PMID- 7136051 TI - [A case of generalized tuberculosis]. AB - A 52 years old female with suspected malignancy was hospitalized because of fever and lymph node swelling. In spite of lymph node biopsy, bone marrow aspiration, blood culture and other diagnostic procedures, no clue to definite diagnosis was obtained. During the course of hospitalization, abscesses with fistulae appeared and tubercle bacilli were demonstrated in the pus from a subcutaneous abscess. Thus, the diagnosis of tuberculosis was established. Finally the patient died of massive bleeding as a result of perforation into thoracic aorta of the zone of necrosis of esophageal wall. It is to be emphasized that tuberculosis should be kept in the list of differential diagnosis of continuous fever. PMID- 7136052 TI - Bronchodilator aerosol puffer in breathing system. PMID- 7136053 TI - [Reference values. The Respiration Pathophysiology Task Force, East Germany]. PMID- 7136055 TI - [Report of a meeting of the Therapy of Tuberculosis Task Force, East Germany]. PMID- 7136054 TI - [Detection of antigen-antibody complexes by various methods and their significance for diagnosis and therapy. The Clinico-Immunologic Diagnosis Task Force, East Germany]. PMID- 7136056 TI - [The incidence of chronic bronchitis in older workers in agriculture]. PMID- 7136057 TI - [Damage to the hearing of colloquial speech as a result of noise and age-related hearing loss]. PMID- 7136058 TI - [The determination of metabolites of aromatic hydrocarbons by high-performance liquid chromatography]. PMID- 7136059 TI - [A method of early diagnostic monitoring in manganese exposure]. PMID- 7136060 TI - [Initial results in the management and planning of recent occupational medicine fitness and monitoring studies in East Germany - diagnostic, paraclinical and specialty studies of function and performance]. PMID- 7136061 TI - [The deposit of industrial wastes--behavior of lead ions in soils, loose rocks and in deposits]. PMID- 7136062 TI - [Use of brown-coal surface mines for the production of drinking water from the standpoint of water hygiene]. PMID- 7136063 TI - [Practical experiences in the control of biological and chemical contaminants of drinking water]. PMID- 7136064 TI - [Study of an ECHO virus 30 meningitis epidemic occurring in a coastal city in 1976]. PMID- 7136065 TI - [The effectiveness of recent cephalosporins against urinary tract and wound infection bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. PMID- 7136066 TI - [Organization of inpatient care of carcinoma in situ in East Germany 1973-1978]. PMID- 7136067 TI - [The effect of diabetes heredity on the cardiovascular risk profile of recently detected diabetics]. PMID- 7136068 TI - [Chronic lymphatic leukemia]. PMID- 7136069 TI - [Problems in the planning and implementation of a study of the determination of psychotherapy needs]. PMID- 7136070 TI - [The appraisal of work incapacity--a new consideration on the problem of illness status]. PMID- 7136071 TI - [Work incapacity in accidents in the years 1975-1979 in insurance carriers of social insurance in the urban and rural district of Stralsund]. PMID- 7136072 TI - [Days of absence from illness in nursery schools in a rural district]. PMID- 7136073 TI - [Work incapacity behavior and group specific behavior norms. Selected results of a study of ward collectives]. PMID- 7136074 TI - [Theoretical prerequisites and the currency of research on premorbid states]. PMID- 7136075 TI - [Expectations of seekers of marital and sexual counseling]. PMID- 7136076 TI - [Review of the development of physical therapy--with reference to the capital of East Germany, Berlin]. PMID- 7136077 TI - [Qualifications for use of work time funds at medical university facilities]. PMID- 7136078 TI - [Increase in the efficiency of ambulatory-inpatient care in an industrially concentrated area]. PMID- 7136079 TI - [Epidemiology of hyperuricemia and gout]. AB - Also in the GDR during the last 10 years the frequency of the disturbances of the purine metabolism increased. With a rate of prevalence of about 20% this anomaly of metabolism reaches the highest percentage of the metabolic disturbances. The increasing accumulation of the disturbances of the purine metabolism on account of complex examinations depends above all on the changed eating and drinking habits of the population. Also influences on body-weight, blood pressure and bodily activities are to be taken into consideration. Sex, age and genetic loads belong to the non-correctable factors of influence. The influences of methodical problems must particularly be taken into consideration in long-term studies. The accumulation of uric arthritis is still relatively small in the GDR in contrast to other industrial countries. However, in our county exact epidemiologic investigations are still necessary. PMID- 7136081 TI - [Diagnostic criteria and therapy of gout]. AB - Among the diagnostic criteria the proof of urate crystals in the joint fluid is regarded as absolutely specific in the acute gout. In contrast to this the hyperuricaemia as an isolated finding has only a slight diagnostic value. For scientific and clinical proposes 7.0 mg/dl is to be regarded as upper limit value of the serum uric acid for the two sexes together. The chronic primary gout may with the help of the clearance of uric acid, the daily excretion of the quantity of uric acid as well as the pH-measurement of the urine pathogenetically be differentiated into a type of overproduction (type I about 20%) and into a type of renal excretion (type II about 80%), from which therapeutic consequences are the result. By dispensary care of the chronic form of the course we succeed, as a rule, in avoiding severe organic lesions at the kidney. PMID- 7136080 TI - [Extraarticular diseases and findings in gout]. AB - Disturbances of the renal function, urolithiasis and hypertension are observed in a high percentage already in the asymptomatic stage of the primary hyperuricaemia. They determine above all the fate of the patient with gout. In primary uric arthritis over-accidentally frequently obesity, steatosis hepatis, hyperlipoproteinaemias, manifest diabetes mellitus and premature arteriosclerosis are found, without up to now proving a causal connection. Also these diseases often coin the clinical picture and demand particular attention in the diagnostics of patients with gout. PMID- 7136082 TI - [Synovial milieu in gouty arthritis]. AB - The synovial milieu in uric arthritis is characterized with the help of own findings of examinations and data in literature. Apart from the mean values of cytological and biochemical findings of the synovia the changes under therapy are described on the basis of individual examples. The formation of monosodium urate crystals seems to be the starting point of the inflammatory joint process in gout. The size of the arthritic syndrome is among others determined by the local metabolic process, in which case lactate acidosis and reduction of energy as well as the increase of enzyme activities seem to stand in the foreground. PMID- 7136083 TI - [Roentgen examinations of joints in patients with gouty arthritis]. AB - The radiological examination of the joints affected is necessary for the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and the assessment of the course of the chronic gout. The roentgen-morphological individual symptoms develop depending on the quantity-time-quotient of the precipitation of urates. Frequently apart from degenerative, destructive or osteoplastic symptoms only the signs of a chronic arthritis are an expression of the clinically existing chronic gout. The interpretation of the individual symptoms must be done taking into consideration the total clinical findings. In the primary attack of gout roentgen-morphological alterations at the joints are not to be expected. PMID- 7136085 TI - [Prognosis for disorders of purine metabolism]. PMID- 7136084 TI - [Pathogenesis of gouty arthritis]. AB - The urate crystal stands in the centre of the pathogenesis of gouty arthritis. External influences, such as changes of temperature and mechanical loads as well as factors, which lead to a short term change of the level of uric acid in the serum, such as alcohol, meals rich in purine, uricosurics and saluretics are, indeed, able to induce an attack of gout, but they are no obligatory prerequisite. The granulocytes are to be regarded as the second important prerequisite of the crystal arthritis. They become effective either via the process of phagocytosis or their cell membrane produces prostaglandins, the formation of which is evoked by electrostatic forces of the crystals. Mediators, such as kinins, Hageman's factor and complement are mainly responsible for the initial pain reaction, vasodilation and leukotaxis, lysosomal enzymes evoke the secondary changes at the joint. PMID- 7136086 TI - [Prevention and therapy of disorders of purine metabolism]. AB - To the most important prophylactic measures for the prevention of a disturbance of the purine metabolism belong the normalisation of the body-weight, a mixed diet without protein carriers containing much purine, a regular physical activity, a life without hectic conditions as well as without an excess of conflict situations and a moderate taking of alcohol. These recommendations are of particular importance for patients endangered by gout. In patients with hyperuricaemia they form the basic treatment for the prevention of a uric arthritis, a urate nephrolithiasis and a gouty nephropathy. The clinical and paraclinical results of the directives must be continuously tested with regard to the effectiveness. To the comprehensive prophylaxis also belong the preventive measures against an associated disturbance of an associated disturbance of metabolism or concomitant disease. An additional medicamentous therapy is necessary, when the success of the basic therapy is insufficient and there are already organ manifestations of a disturbance of the purine metabolism. The application of antihyperuraemic drugs corresponding to types should be performed by uricostatic drugs, uricosuric drugs and citric acid-citrate mixtures. The approach according to a 3-step-programme is most useful. In the treatment of the concomitant diseases certain preventive measures are to be taken into consideration. The therapy of an acute attack of gout is at present without any essential problems. Patients with disturbances of the purine metabolism need a permanent care by the physician. PMID- 7136087 TI - [Polymorphism of articular chondrocalcinosis]. AB - The articular chondrocalcinosis--conditioned by the formation of crystals of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate in the joint cartilage--increasingly gains clinical interest. The symptomatology is multivariant: mono-, oligo- and polyarticular with simultaneous localisation in the discs. Characteristic, but not proving, is the calcification demonstrated in the X-ray picture. Apart from the familial forms increasingly are observed spontaneous, solitary cases in persons older than 50 years (in 3% of all postmortem examinations). The chondrocalcinosis gains differential-diagnostic importance as to primary osteoarthroses, attacks of gout, rheumatoid arthritis and other diseases of bones and joints. It appears symptomatically in hyperparathyroidism and hemochromatosis. The present paper gives as survey on the modern state of knowledge concerning clinic, heredity, diagnostics and pathogenesis. PMID- 7136088 TI - [Value of Beckenkamm histobiopsy in the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma infiltrates in bone marrow]. AB - In order to find out the optimum method for the proof of infiltrates of malignant lymphomas in the bone marrow the frequencies of positive findings of the marrow in 41 patients with Hodgkin's disease and 89 patients with a malignant non Hodgkin-lymphoma which were established by sternal puncture, cytology of the iliac crest and histology of the iliac crest were compared. It could be elaborated that the histobiopsy of the bone marrow is the only sufficient method for proving a specific affection of the marrow in Hodgkin's disease, since the gain of positive findings in the cytology of the iliac crest and in the sternal puncture was significantly lower in Hodgkin's disease as well as in the malignant non-Hodgkin-lymphomas. In these cases the inferiority of the cytologic methods could be explained on the one hand by the often only focal spreading of the lymphoma infiltrates in the bone marrow and on the other hand by an increased inclination to fibrosis in the focal as well as in the diffuse infiltrates. By comparison with present findings of post-mortem-examinations the representation of the biopsy cylinder of the iliac crest could be derived for the whole marrow organ, as far as the biopsy was performed technically correct. PMID- 7136089 TI - [Studies on the incidence of diabetes mellitus in obese patients]. AB - In a retrospective investigation 228 obese persons with healthy metabolism and diabetics (NIDD) were invited to a check-up 4-10 years after a reduction of weight which was performed during a clinical treatment in the 2nd Medical Clinic of Halle University. 95 patients did not comply with the invitation, 9 patients had died in the meantime. Among the 24 obese persons examined were 9 patients with NIDD. In other 19 patients a diabetic metabolic disturbance had become manifest in the meantime. 78 obese persons underwent a clinical examination, among them 9 NIDD. 60 patients had a normal and 18 a pathological carbohydrate tolerance. Of these 18 patients in 9 patients an up to now unknown diabetes mellitus could be proved. The obesity coincides with a relatively high rate of disturbed carbohydrate tolerance and a larger proportion of manifest diabetics compared with the normal population. In the own group of patients the morbidity of diabetes among the obese persons increases from 10.5 to 30% after on an average 7 years. Obese persons who had essentially exceeded their initial weight in the meantime and show further metabolic disturbances are particularly endangered. PMID- 7136090 TI - [Experimental studies on the rheologic behavior of blood in ultraviolet therapy]. AB - The increased apparent blood viscosity proved in peripheral circulatory disease, the frequent failure of therapy by means of vasodilating medicaments and the successful therapy with the help of ultraviolet radiation of blood (UVB) by means of various techniques motivated investigations of the flow properties of blood with UVB. In six patients with angiologically ascertained arterial occlusive disease the flow properties of blood were investigated under standardized conditions by both viscosimetric techniques and independent of it by means of the centrifugation method. Plasma viscosity, apparent blood viscosity, parameters of aggregation and deformation of erythrocytes were determined before and after fictitious UVB on the hand one and before and after real UVB on the other hand. It was shown that within the limit of measurement accuracy there were no significant differences between fictitious and real UVB in plasma viscosities. Both the aggregation parameter of the centrifugation method and the apparent blood viscosity for low shear gradients before the 3rd UVB and all following ones differed significantly from those of the first UVB. No changes were found in the deformation parameters HCC infinity and the apparent viscosity for high shear gradients during UVB therapy. Possible mechanisms leading to the demonstrated improvements of the flow properties of blood by means of UVB are discussed. PMID- 7136091 TI - [Identification of the site of block in high degree AV conduction disorders on the surface ECG]. AB - The possibility of identifying the site of block by analysing the surface ECG was studied in 124 patients with 2nd or 3rd degree AV-block. In all cases His-bundle electrography was performed. With regard to the QRS-duration (both in conducted and in escape beats) and to functional peculiarities of the AV-conduction or of the automatic centres in patients with narrow QRS complexes nearly all cases with the prognostically less favourable His-Purkinje-block are discernible. PMID- 7136092 TI - [Indication for prophylactic and therapeutic thrombocyte substitution]. AB - The substitution of thrombocytes is on principle indicated only when a disturbance of the formation is present. The prophylactic application, i.e. before the occurrence of a haemorrhage, which is sometimes life-limiting, is to be preferred, however, on account of the danger of sensitization it is bound to particular conditions: temporarily limited need of substitution, decreased immune reagibility of the recipient (basic disease, therapy), medico-therapeutically induced thrombocytopenia (cytostatic drugs); example: haemoblastoses. Prerequisites are subtile control of clinical effectiveness and formation of antibodies. In planned bone marrow transplantation only preparation of individual donors (not related!) with HLA-A/B match are to be used. The same is applied to already alloimmunized patients, in which case a negative lymphocytotox cross test must still be present. Patients without option to transplantation or without HLA antibodies may receive also random preparations of individual donors or mixed preparations. AB0-minor-incompatibilities are without significance, AB0-major incompatibilities are not permissible. The introduction of thrombocyte-specific testings is urgently to be aspired to.--Exclusively therapeutic substitution of thrombocytes, i.e. in manifest haemorrhage, is performed in a primarily not limited period of substitution, in a completely immune competent recipient with regularly low values of thrombocytes without cytoreductive therapy (example: aplastic anaemia). In these cases on account of high danger of sensitization only preparations of individual donors with HLA-A/B-match should be used. In cases of exception in thrombocytopenic, life-threatening haemorrhages on account of metabolic disturbances (immune thrombocytopenia, massive transfusions) the substitution with thrombocytic mixed concentrates is satisfied.--The substitution of thrombocytes is a common task of clinic and blood donation service, which opens new possibilities of therapy (e.g. transplantation of bone marrow). PMID- 7136093 TI - [Studies of glycosylated hemoglobins and albumins in diabetes mellitus with retinopathy]. AB - The correlation between the diabetic retinopathy and the levels of glycosylated haemoglobin and albumin was examined in 133 diabetic patients. 25 healthy persons served as controls. 53 out of the 133 diabetic patients suffered in different grades of diabetic retinopathy, 80 diabetics developed no retinopathy. There was no significant difference in the age of patients with or without retinopathy. The duration of diabetes was significantly longer in diabetics with retinopathy. The glycosylated haemoglobin and albumin levels of diabetics were significantly higher as compared to the levels of the controls. There was no difference in the glycosylated haemoglobin and albumin levels of diabetic patients with or without retinopathy. According to these results there is no correlation between the formation of diabetic retinopathy and the elevated levels of glycosylated haemoglobin and albumin. Thus the development of diabetic retinopathy takes many years, the cause of our results may be the relative short period of the examinations. Following this study we do hope to get more data to this important question. PMID- 7136094 TI - [Therapy of polyposis coli et recti]. PMID- 7136096 TI - [Detoxication of methanal preserved bioprostheses]. AB - The substitutes could be decontaminated by means of six to eight times soaking into sterile sodium chloride solution (154 mmol/l = 9 g/l) in each case half an hour if a short preparation time for the implantation of protein cross-linked and methanal storaged bioprotheses is existent. This procedure must be carried out under strict aseptic conditions. A microbial recontamination of the preparations threats moreover. PMID- 7136095 TI - [Stability of acetate buffered methanal solutions]. AB - The determination of the concentration in acetate puffered methanol solutions (formaldehyde solutions) with pH = 5.60 during 14 months disproved the opinion of the limited durability of these solutions. Neither a significant decrease of the methanal mass concentration nor a noticeable change of the pH value could be proved during the period of the examination under different influences of light and temperature. Methanal solutions can be applied farther in the practice of the preservation. PMID- 7136097 TI - [Mechanical resistance of methanal preserved bioprostheses]. AB - Methanal (formaldehyde) preserved and ethane acid peroxide finally sterilised aortic segments showed in vitro and in vivo a significant decrease of the material characteristics in case of watering for 180 days. Intraperitoneal incorporation in a xenogeneous animal species during 60 days reduced the mechanical stability of the substitutes without long-term watering and also with long-term watering, but with an additionally greater negative effect. PMID- 7136098 TI - [Experimental study on the pathogenesis of gastric stump neoplasms]. AB - The influence of the duodenogastric reflux of the carcinogenesis in the operated stomach was tested in an animal experiment in 47 Wistar rats. Cancers were observable differently frequently under various intensity of the reflux dependent on the operation method. The carcinogenesis in the operated stomach (gastric stump carcinoma) will be influenced decisively by the duodenogastric reflux in the opinion of the authors. Conclusions for the practice were pointed out. PMID- 7136099 TI - [Animal experimental model of lung contusion]. AB - Introduction and discussion of an experimental animal model to the representation of an isolated lung contusion in rats. The damage is realized by means of pressure waves. There can be observed distinct lung contusions - even unilateral without chest wall lesions or extrathoracal injuries. One can also recognize temporal lapses of different intensity of the trauma. The model appears suitable to the presentation of a possible independent pathogenesis of the lung contusion. PMID- 7136100 TI - [Effect of serum factors on antibiograms]. AB - The influence of serum factors on the antibiogram was investigated in 21 patients. The plate culture and the culture in tubes were used in combination. A different interaction of the 4 examined antimicrobiotics (gentamycin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and nitrofurantoin) with the serum factors was shown which were modified by the duration of the infection (pyelonephritis). PMID- 7136101 TI - [Simple method of intravascular blood collection from rabbit ears]. PMID- 7136102 TI - [Comparative studies of plication surgery under experimental conditions]. AB - Adhesions of the small intestine were produced by scarification in 43 dogs. The 38 surviving animals were relaparotomised after 3 weeks and the adhesions were separated. Afterwards the Noble operation in 11 animals, the modified operation by Childs in 10 animals, the interior splinting of the small intestine by Reifferscheid-Phillipp in 10 animals, and the simple closure of the abdominal cavity in 7 animals (control group) were carried out. The autopsy was performed 1 to 8 weeks after the operation. The intestine was in perfect plication order after the noble operation. Overlapping of loops without complications were existing after the operation by Childs. Unsystematic fixations without kinking were observed after the interior splinting, but in one case no adhesion was visible after 2 months and in another case a heavy inflammation of the abdominal wall was caused by the splint. Kinking, unsystematic fixation, and wide lumina without ileus were discovered in the control group. - The Noble operation is expanding with reference to the time. The operation by Childs is a simple and short-term operation. The interior splinting under experimental circumstances is a lengthy and traumatising procedure in the opinion of the author. PMID- 7136103 TI - [Experimental surgery of the choledochus]. AB - The authors carried out choledochal grafts in dogs with autologous parietal peritoneum and adjoining fascia of the musculus rectus abdominis. The patch was fixed with the tissue adhesive hystoacryl without suture. Additionally there was used an interior splinting with a polyethylene tube coated with paraffin. The inserted tube rubed off itself in case of a proper size. Adhesive must not get into the choledochus. 15 of the 20 experiments in dogs were successful. PMID- 7136104 TI - [Basic studies of ultrasonic surgery. III. Histomorphologic changes in various tissues following exposure to ultrasound]. AB - Absorption of ultrasound leads to reversible or irreversible changes in biological tissues in dependence on the sound intensity. The ultrasound causes under appointed conditions in skin, muscles, vessels, nerve tissue, and bone histopathological changes in a different scale which must be observed in the ultrasonic surgery. 200 tissue specimens from 40 guinea pigs were taken from defined localisations after an ample ultrasound exposition and were evaluated microscopically by hematoxylin-eosin staining technique. Skin and vessels showed very vehement reactions. Intact osseous tissue reacted with periosteal callus formation. Practical conclusions can be draws for the ultrasonic surgery by the discussion on histopathological changes. PMID- 7136105 TI - [Animal experimental studies of the bladder effectiveness of the anticholinergic agent Mictonorm]. AB - Pressing need of selectively vesically or spinally acting neuropharmacons exists for patients with neurogenic disturbances of the function of the urinary bladder especially for children with myelomeningocele. The medicament MICTONORM a peripherally effective anticholinergic drug was tested in healthy young pigs with reference to the effect on the storage volume of the bladder. Cystometrograms were recorded in the narcotised experimental animal before and after intravenous application of 0.5 mg MICTONORM per kg body mass. The average increase of the vesical capacity after the drug application amounted to 39.2% (dispersion 6.3 - 95.3%). The values of the vesical pressure showed a nonuniform behaviour. An effect in the afferent part of the vesical reflex arc comes into question for the pharmacon because of the type of action. PMID- 7136106 TI - [Final sterilization of formaldehyde-preserved bioprostheses using peracetic acid]. PMID- 7136107 TI - [Gas chromatographic separation and UV absorption spectrometric identification of single components of solvent mixtures]. PMID- 7136108 TI - [Maximal arm closing strength of young males in power development of both arms in defined work positions]. PMID- 7136109 TI - [Physiologic parameters for the determination of physical continuous endurance in dynamic work with different muscle masses]. PMID- 7136111 TI - [Effect of various light intensities of a halogen metal vapor lamp on the performance of mental work and selected physiologic functions]. PMID- 7136110 TI - [Mental activity based on evoked related brain activity]. PMID- 7136112 TI - [The classification of stress in a load and demand concept from psychophysiologic viewpoints]. PMID- 7136113 TI - [A statistical method for the comparison of measuring procedures under real emmission conditions]. PMID- 7136114 TI - [The evaluation of several years of emmission measurements of air pollutants]. PMID- 7136115 TI - [Experimental study on the problem of the composition of a xylenol fraction--a contribution to analysis of constituents of waste waters in the coal-processing industry]. PMID- 7136116 TI - [Significance and modification of the disease state in gynecology]. PMID- 7136117 TI - [Dental health knowledge and behavior of Berlin preschool children]. PMID- 7136118 TI - [Work therapy placement of psychiatric patients in work collectives of healthy persons]. PMID- 7136119 TI - [Light work prescribed by physicians]. PMID- 7136120 TI - [Duration of prescription, type of work and pretherapeutic situation in light work]. PMID- 7136121 TI - [Selected problems in vocational rehabilitation of the blind]. PMID- 7136122 TI - [Analysis of the status of rehabilitation of nosologic groups of severely psychiatrically damaged residents of the district of Sangerhausen (report on development and current status)]. PMID- 7136123 TI - [Current problems in conception, organization and work of day facilities for educationally unsuitable, production-capable children and adolescents in the field of public health and social medicine]. PMID- 7136124 TI - [Rabbit cage for long-term studies]. PMID- 7136125 TI - [Time series analysis and prognosis of air quality concentration]. PMID- 7136126 TI - [Identification of urea in water model solutions]. PMID- 7136127 TI - [Hepatic artery embolization for treatment of the carcinoid syndrome]. AB - In two patients with carcinoid syndrome and liver metastases embolization of the hepatic arteries was successful. In one case re-embolization was accomplished after one year. Embolization was followed by diminuation of serotonin-metabolites in the urine. The clinical symptoms improved, resulting in better quality of the patients lives. Embolization is to be preferred to application of systemic cytotoxic medication in cases of carcinoid syndrome with disseminated liver metastases. PMID- 7136128 TI - [Causes of death following endoscopic papillotomy]. AB - The results of autopsy carried out in 14 patients who died after undergoing papillotomy show that apart from non-method-related sepsis (4 cases) developing from a cholangitis in underlying choledocholithiasis, haemorrhage from the papillotomy wound is the most dangerous complication of this intervention. In one case the cause of bleeding was the severance of the retroduodenal artery, while in 3 cases bleeding occurred after a repapillotomy. In these patients the source of bleeding was a highly vascular granulation tissue in the early healing phase after the first papillotomy. In view of this danger, the primary papillotomy should as far as possible be a complete one, or else, no repapillotomy should be performed in the proliferation phase of wound healing. PMID- 7136129 TI - [Comparative studies on serum bile acid concentrations before and after cholecystectomy]. AB - In 15 patients without liver disease fasting and postprandial serum bile acid concentrations are determined before and 2-4 weeks after cholecystectomy. In every case a standardized test meal is given and conjugates of cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid are measured by radioimmunoassay. The increase of serum bile acid concentrations for three hours after ingestion of the test meal is not diminished by cholecystectomy. In comparison to 50 healthy volunteers and 25 additional cholecystectomized persons there are no differences in the area under the concentration-time curve. From these results it is concluded that the postprandial serum bile acid level is determined by the enteral liberation of bile acids rather than by gallbladder contraction. PMID- 7136130 TI - [Standard epicutaneous tests: interpretation of the statistical findings of the last five years]. AB - The statistical evaluation of the epicutaneous tests performed between 1976-1980 in the Department of Dermatology at the University Hospital in Hamburg revealed 1320 positive reactions to different contact allergens in 5348 patients (25%). The most frequent responses were found with nickel sulfate. Sixty percent of all positive test reactions were covered by eight of the 30 used allergens ("hit list"). While allergy to tromantidine, arnica and colophony has increased, cases due to methyl salicylate, vioform and turpentine were less frequently seen. Comprehensively, the used standard series has proved to be a representative screening method. PMID- 7136131 TI - [The parapsoriasis-group]. AB - This review deals with the clinical and histological criteria of the parasporiasis-group. The advantage of a simplified classification based on clinical differences is demonstrated. Furthermore the proportion of cases is shown in which malignant transformation (non-Hodgin-Lymphomas) has been reported. Finally it is referred to careful monitoring of patients with distinct parapsoriasis-diseases. PMID- 7136133 TI - [Precise sclerotherapy and discission of insufficient perforating veins]. PMID- 7136132 TI - [Ultrastructure of parapsoriasis lesions. Parapsoriasis en plaques and parakeratosis variegata as prelymphoma; differences from pityriasis lichenoides]. AB - The morphological alterations of involved skin in three different types of parapsoriasis were investigated in 9 patients by electron microscopy. Pityriasis lichenoides chronica (PLC) is characterized by a lymphohistiocytic dermal infiltrate and by epidermotropic histiocytic cells, which penetrate up to the horny layer. In parapsoriasis en plaques (PeP) and in parakeratosis variegata (PV) the dermal infiltrate is mainly composed of lymphocytoid cells, some of which, particularly in PV, reveal the features of Sezary-Cells (11% and 30% respectively). The epidermis is predominantly invaded by partly atypical lymphoid cells. In some instances membrane contacts between Langerhans cells, keratinocytes and atypical lymphoid cells can be observed. The increased number of epidermotropic cells and the increase of atypical lymphoid cells in the dermal infiltrate are the main ultrastructural features of the malignant transformation of PV. Finally, an important difference between PLC and the other two types of parapsoriasis is the fact that in PLC epidermotropic cells are mostly of histiocytic origin, whereas in PeP and PV they are mainly lymphocytes. The electron microscopic findings support the opinion that PLC should not be considered as a type of parapsoriasis and that PeP and PV probably correspond to prelymphoma. PMID- 7136134 TI - [Diagnostic classification with qualitative data]. PMID- 7136135 TI - [Principles, study planning and evaluation possibilities of single case analyses]. PMID- 7136136 TI - [Psychopathology--real science or experience science]. PMID- 7136137 TI - [The concept of "dynamic" coronary artery stenosis]. AB - The present understanding of the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia is primarily based on the concept of either a high-grade "fixed" coronary artery obstruction or a spastic vasoconstriction of an epicardial coronary artery. Both these mechanisms do not sufficiently explain the variable clinical syndromes of angina pectoris, particularly not the variation in anginal threshold experienced by many patients. Therefore, the concept of a variable vasoconstriction ("functional component") superimposed on an atherosclerotic lesion ("organic component") constitutes a plausible hypothesis connecting both pathogenetic mechanisms. The pathophysiological basis for this concept of "dynamic" changes in the degree of coronary artery stenosis, the clinical relevance and the therapeutical consequences are discussed. PMID- 7136138 TI - [Functional evaluation of left ventricular dynamics by use of 2-dimensional echocardiography: comparison with left ventriculography and assessment of normal 2-dimensional echocardiographical values]. AB - The role of 2-dimensional echocardiography was comparatively evaluated to left ventriculography, with special reference to determinations of left ventricular volume (enddiastolic volume, endsystolic volume), ejection fraction, systolic and diastolic wall stress and left ventricular muscle mass. Prior to left ventriculography, 25 consecutive patients were examined by 2-dimensional echocardiography. There were significant correlations (2-dimensional echocardiography, left ventriculography) between left ventricular volumes, ejection fractions and left ventricular muscle mass. No sufficient correlation was found for systolic wall stress, mainly because of the different wall thickness calculations. Good correlation for systolic wall stress was found when left ventricular dimensions (enddiastolic volume, enddiastolic radius), systolic pressure and M-Mode wall thickness (Ratshin technique) was employed. Methodological combination of measurements of wall thickness by M-Mode echocardiography and measurement of ventricular dimensions by 2-dimensional echocardiography represents a useful advantage in the evaluation of systolic wall stress and left ventricular muscle mass. On the basis of these analyses, 22 healthy volunteers were examined and normal values were established. PMID- 7136139 TI - [Blood-pressure response to ergometric work in normotensive subjects, aged 20-50 years]. AB - Blood-pressure response to ergometric work in normotensive subjects, aged 20-50 years. 1. A standardized ergometric procedure is suitable for diagnosis, especially in borderline hypertension and for the prognostic judgment of stable hypertension. However, knowledge about the age and sex-dependent values of normal exercise blood pressure is scanty. 2. Therefore, the normal blood-pressure and heart-rate response during and until 5 mins after ergometric work (50 to 100 watts) was investigated in 323 normotensive subjects (173 males, 150 females), aged 20 to 50 years. 3. At an equal work load, the systolic blood pressures were not significantly different between men and women, or within the age decades. However, diastolic blood pressure response was significantly (p less than 0.05-p less than 0.001) influenced by age. 4. The upper limit for normal blood pressure in men and women between the ages of 20 and 50 years is 200/100 mm Hg (means + 1 SD) at a work load of 100 watts, and corresponding heart rates of 126 +/- 13 and 145 +/- 10 beats/min, respectively. A normal blood-pressure response in the recovery phase is at most 140/90 mm Hg (means + 1 SD) in the fifth minute. 5. The results are of clinical importance for the assessment of blood pressure during and after ergometric work. PMID- 7136140 TI - [Suprasternal M-mode echocardiography in the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases in adults]. AB - The study describes the technique and standardized evaluation of suprasternal M mode echocardiography. The day-to-day variability of suprasternal echoparameters was tested in 7 subjects studied on five consecutive days. The variation coefficient found ranged from 3.5 to 6%. The interobserver variability were tested by evaluation of 127 suprasternal echocardiograms from two investigators independently. Absolute values differed slightly in only 2 out of 8 parameters between both investigators by about 0.8 and 6.3%. 349 consecutive patients were subsequently studied with the suprasternal notch technique. The clinical diagnosis of these patients were as follows: 35 normal subjects, 122 patients with coronary heart disease, 155 patients with valvular heart disease, 33 patients with dilative and 4 with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The feasibility to record the aortic arch amounted to 68%, the right pulmonary artery was visualized in 85%, and the left atrium was seen in 75% of the patients studied. The echographic parameters correlated to body size, weight and body surface area. It could be demonstrated that also hemodynamic changes caused variations of these echographic parameters. The different clinical entities did not differ from each other with respect to these suprasternal echoparameters for those in whom the pulmonary artery pressure was within normal range. The size of the pulmonary artery and of the left atrium was found increased in those patients with an elevated pulmonary artery pressure. The suprasternal approach seems to be a useful completion of the echocardiographic technique and should be applied routinely. PMID- 7136141 TI - [Rheumatic tricuspid stenosis--a clinical overview with surgical considerations]. AB - 73 patients are reported on who ad different and multiple valvular heart lesions, always including tricuspid stenosis (TS). The pre- and postoperative hemodynamic and clinical findings are presented (as well as the results of surgical treatment). The conclusion is arrived at that TS is frequently involved in rheumatic valvular heart disease and that it needs special attention. It should be confirmed by simultaneous measurements of the right ventricular and right atrial pressures. The surgical results are encouraging. Tricuspid commissurotomy is the favored method, leaving the least gradient. Surgical mortality was 2.7%. Postoperative clinical improvement could be seen in 96% of all patients. PMID- 7136142 TI - [Metastatic mesothelioma of the pericardium]. AB - Primary malignant tumors of the pericardium are very rare. The case of a diffuse metastatic mesothelioma of the pericardium with recurrent pericardial and pleural effusions is reported. The case history, clinical course and the problems concerning the precise diagnosis in a 51-year-old female are described. PMID- 7136143 TI - [Effect of alcohol consumption for a year on isovolumetric and auxotonic parameters in the rat heart]. AB - Ethanol (20%) was given to wistar rats for 12 months, water to controls. In the intact heart in-situ parameters of pressure, volume, blood flow and contractility were recorded under control conditions as well as after dopamine given intravenously. Body weight of the ethanol-treated rats was diminished by 12.2%, heart weight by 12.7%, as compared with controls. A significant difference between controls and ethanol-treated rats was only found for isovolumetric left ventricular pressure. The increase in heart rate due to dopamine is less in the ethanol-treated rats. In all other parameters, no significant differences between both groups were observed. PMID- 7136144 TI - [R-wave amplitude during left ventricular volume changes in healthy hearts]. AB - The relationship between R-wave amplitude and left ventricular volume was studied in four tests, each including six normal adults. The means of 10 heart cycles of the R-wave amplitude in surface ECG lead V5 (RV5) and the echocardiographically determined left ventricular enddiastolic dimension (LVEDD) were compared before and during different interventions. After inhalation of 0.3 ml isoamylnitrit, LVEDD was reduced to 7.7%, RV5 to 15.0% below control. During a maneuver of Valsalva, LVEDD decreased to 8.6%, RV5 to 12.9% below control. In both tests heart rates increased markedly. After oral application of propranolol (0.7 to 1.0 mg/kg) LVEDD did not change, whereas RV5 decreased to 8.2% below control. During rapid intravenous infusion of 1 l NaCl 0.9% in 10 to 15 minutes, LVEDD increased to 15.7% above control. R-wave amplitude remained constant. Thus the results of these last two tests let us doubt whether the Brody-effect can be translated without limitation on the in-vivo situation in man. PMID- 7136145 TI - [Calcified, cystic teratomas of the mediastinum with displacement and compression of heart, great vessels and lung]. AB - In a 25-year-old patient two large, peripherally calcified, cystic teratomas of the anterior mediastinum shifted and partially compressed the heart, the great vessels and the lung. An exact preoperative evaluation was possible with echocardiography and computerized tomography. PMID- 7136146 TI - [Sexual behavior patterns in old age]. AB - Existing studies on sexual behavior of the aged show earnest deficiencies: false sampling, insufficient interviewing instruments and little interest in theory development. As a consequence all results must be taken as preliminary: most elderly reduce their sexual activities and change from genital to tenderness behavior. Men and women experience sexuality differently. Those who live in institutions report of few sexual interest and complain of lacking privacy. Several theories are applied to sexual behavior of the aged: disuse, exchange, role, communication theories and the concept of developmental tasks. Some consequences for research, for the elderly, for the social environment, for sex education and for institutions are discussed. PMID- 7136147 TI - ["Young love is from earth--mature love is from heaven" (Turkish proverb). Attitudes to sexuality in old age]. AB - The prevailing attitudes towards sexuality in old age are described in a rather phenomenological analysis: sexuality ends corresponding to the termination of reproductiveness; sexual needs in old age appear to be pathological; the elderly's sexual acts are disgusting. Empirical findings corroborate those conclusions. The situation is explained by societal circumstances, by the learning histories, and by the living conditions in old age. Examples of agreement with sexuality in old age demonstrate the often idle potentialities which are hidden in this sector of life. PMID- 7136148 TI - [Sex behavior in the elderly: gerontopsychiatric aspects]. AB - The relationship of sexuality and mental illness is not through investigated. There are few experiences. Psychiatric publications are limited and describe the deviate sexuality of demented disorders, psychosis, and neurosis. In the place of foreground of psychiatric publications are the abnormal sexuality and its criminal procedure. The paper describes the most important articles in German and English. Some references to observations in out-patient and in-patient care are following. PMID- 7136149 TI - [Conflict resolution strategies in couples in the 2d half of life]. AB - Starting from the connections between the conflict-solving behaviour of marital couples and the quality of their partnership it can be stated that for this scientifically as well as practically important topic no empirical findings exist, which are related to marriages of the older generation. 48 distressed and 31 nondistressed couples married more than 20 years as well as 29 young couples married less than 5 years were examined by a variant of the revealed difference technique with regard to their use of five operationally defined conflict-solving tactics. It was found that in all three groups the solution of the experimentally induced conflict was most probable by using the tactics "assimilation to the opinion of the wife" and "confirmation of a spontaneous agreement", and most unlikely by using the tactics "deviation from the initial position". The typical strategies of conflict-solving for each sample were identified by means of the statistical procedure of lag analysis. Our results suggest that the conflict solving strategies of the two distressed marital groups are more comparable than those of the two samples long-term married. The gerontological and clinical psychological conclusions are discussed. PMID- 7136150 TI - [Depression and life quality in old age--correlates of negative and positive moods. Results of the Bonn Gerontologic Longitudinal Study]. AB - The paper reports on studies related to consistency and change of morale (mood) in old age. In a longitudinal sample observed from 1965 to 1978 of two cohorts (born 1890-96 resp. 1900-05) we observed consistent average and increasing morale in 46.6% of the cases whereas there was a slight drop in morale in 53.4%. Whereas there was no difference in the cohorts compared, women always showed a lower moral. Decrease in morale correlated in a significant way with decrease of activity and feeling of security. Whereas the objective degree of life stress did not correlate with morale, this was true for the subjective representation of stress as well as the selection of responses to stress (the "coping-styles"). The multifactorial causes of poorer morale (mood) are demonstrated in an interactional model. PMID- 7136151 TI - [Problems of the elderly in "post-strike Poland" at the time of 1980-1981 concluded agreements]. AB - Based on the official agreements concluded between government committees and strikers' committees in Poland in the 2nd half of 1980 and on the declaration of the "Congress of Pensioners" of the ISTU Solidarity, problems of old persons in after-strike agreements concluded in Poland in the 1980/81 period are investigated. In the agreements concluded in the third quarter of 1980 (Szczecin, Gdansk, Lipcowy, Katowice) only basic demands for rising the lowest pensions up to the level of a social minimum (while the problem of adjusting these pensions to the rising living-costs is generally neglected), and tendencies of shortening the life-working-time can be found. Much more differentiated and adapted to single interests of the striking farmers is the agreement concluded in February 1981. The declaration of the congress of pensioners of the ISTU Solidarity is mostly differentiated and engaged in essential problems of old people. But its disadvantage is that neither the government nor even the trade-union leaders are bound to it. PMID- 7136152 TI - [A new probabilistic procedure for the interpretation of laboratory results]. PMID- 7136153 TI - [A simple microliter procedure for the determination of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase]. PMID- 7136154 TI - [A simplified sensitive method for the identification and determination of LP-X]. PMID- 7136155 TI - [Quantitative lipoprotein analysis with the VAC 601 ultracentrifuge using an angle rotor and a fraction slicer]. PMID- 7136156 TI - [Gas chromatographic determination of acetylsalicylic acid and salicylic acid acid in serum]. PMID- 7136157 TI - [A gravitation flow method for cerebrospinal fluid cell sedimentation]. PMID- 7136158 TI - [Cell sedimentation with a sorption chamber-comparative cerebrospinal fluid cytological examinations]. PMID- 7136159 TI - [Determination of the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes in a dialysis chamber]. PMID- 7136160 TI - [Manual determination of HDL-cholesterol with a higher sensitivity]. PMID- 7136162 TI - [A compressed air instrument for flame photometry]. PMID- 7136161 TI - [Determination of selenium in biological matter using the hydride technic in a modified AAS 1 N (VEB Carl Zeiss Jena, DDR)]. PMID- 7136163 TI - [Comparison of various chromogenic substrates for the determination of L-cystine aminopeptidase (serum oxytocinase, E.C.3.4.1.2)]. PMID- 7136164 TI - [Entrainment errors in mechanized analytical methods]. PMID- 7136165 TI - [Determination of serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferase activities using the continuous flow autoanalyzer of the VEB MLW-Pruefegeraetwerk Medingen]. PMID- 7136166 TI - [Usefulness of the amino nitrogen determination methods]. PMID- 7136167 TI - [A simple new method for determination of sodium and potassium in erythrocytes and its comparison with potassium determination in whole blood (indirect method)]. PMID- 7136169 TI - [Determination of streptokinase resistance on KZM-1 (coagulation time meter)]. PMID- 7136168 TI - [Stability of transforming solutions for determination of hemoglobin]. PMID- 7136170 TI - [Thrombocyte count using the electronic particle counter Picoscale (PS-4) from MEDICOR. 3. Possibilities and limits of the technic]. PMID- 7136172 TI - [A method for quantitative electrochemical determination of uric acid in diluted serum]. PMID- 7136171 TI - [Characterization of the enzyme activity change kinetics in blood plasma in experimental hemorrhagic stock]. PMID- 7136173 TI - [Rapid and economical methods for the determination of C-reaction protein using electroimmunoassay]. PMID- 7136174 TI - [Determination of Hepato Quick with KZM-1 (coagulation time meter)]. PMID- 7136175 TI - [Elephantiasis - a tropical nematode infection]. PMID- 7136176 TI - [Value of physical methods in therapy]. AB - Although the possibilities of physical methods and the active principles of physical medicine can only used to a very modest and small extent in the treatment of lymphatic edemas, they are nevertheless some of the few approaches to helping patients with such disorders effectively. As in so many chronic diseases, we must first of all restrict ourselves to assiduous and consistent control of functional disorders in order to improve them and perhaps occasionally eliminate them in mild cases. The active principle is the control of function! PMID- 7136177 TI - [Value of phlebography in the diagnosis of edema of the leg]. AB - In the diagnosis of leg edema, important phlebographic procedures are explained in terms of their technique and the information they provide. Ascending phlebography is the most important procedure for diagnosis of phlebothromboses, post-thrombotic syndromes, occlusions of the deep veins of other genesis, perforans insufficiency as well as vessel malformations. Additional administrations of selective contrast medium, intraoperative techniques as well as transosseous contrast medium administration are mentioned as rare supplementary methods. Peripheral open measurement of venous pressure constitutes an important additional documentation of vein function. The limits of the information provided are explained with reference to the normal phlebogram as well as to findings of venous reflux disturbances in the region of the deep veins, especially in acute thrombosis and occlusion of deep veins. PMID- 7136178 TI - [Job profile of lymph drainage therapist]. AB - Besides psychological care of the patients and necessary secondary measures such as bandaging, stocking or other compression treatment, interval training during compression, positioning supports and breathing therapy, lymphatic drainage therapy is today an important constituent of postoperative treatment after breast amputation and total hysterectomy due to carcinoma. Repeated measurements of circumference ensure a certain control of the result of therapy. PMID- 7136179 TI - [Instructional pamphlet for edema risk patients and edema patients]. PMID- 7136180 TI - The anatomy of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in vertebrate skeletal muscle: its implications for excitation contraction coupling. AB - The sarcoplasmic reticulum in situ is an intricate tubular network that surrounds the contractile material in striated muscle cells. Its topographical relationship to other intracellular components, especially the myofibrils, is rather rigidly maintained by a cytoskeleton which enmeshes Z line material and sarcoplasmic reticulum and, ultimately, is anchored at the plasmalemma. As a result, the two main components of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the junctional SR and the free SR, retain their typical location in the A band region and in the I band region, respectively. The junctional SR, which is thought to be the site for calcium storage and release for contraction, is, thus, always well within one micron of the regulatory proteins associated with the actin filaments. The junctional SR, a synonym for terminal cisterna applying to both skeletal and cardiac muscle, is generally held to be involved in the translation of the action potential into calcium release, mainly because of the close topographic apposition between the junctional SR and the plasmalemma, especially in skeletal muscle. This attractive structure-function correlation is challenged by the observation that in bird cardiac muscle 80% of the junctional SR is spacially far removed from plasmalemma, the site of electrical activity. This anomalous topography is not in conflict with the notion that translation of the action potential into calcium release may be accomplished by a differential transmitter substance, e.g. calcium. Any hypothesis dealing with this problem must account for the anatomy of the bird heart. PMID- 7136182 TI - Electromechanical coupling I. Introduction. PMID- 7136181 TI - Sodium-potassium movement and the regulation of cardiac muscle activity. AB - The changes in intracellular sodium activity and contractility produced by short lasting application of a fast-acting cardiac glycoside were measured in guinea pig ventricular muscle. It was found that under certain conditions the change in twitch tension paralleled the change in sodium activity. It is suggested that the electrogenic sodium pump may be involved in the regulation of both the mechanical and the electrical activity of cardiac muscle. PMID- 7136183 TI - Intracellular membranes as boundaries for ionic distribution. In situ elemental distribution in guinea pig heart muscle in different defined electro-mechanical coupling states. AB - Using x-ray microanalysis and cryoultramicrotomy, calcium and other diffusible elements were localized in heart muscle strips which had been shock frozen under different, defined conditions of electromechanical coupling. Guniea pig papillary muscles were shock frozen: 1) 1/2 seconds after paired stimulation, 2) 5 minutes after rest in normal bath medium and 3) 5 minutes after rest in bath medium to which noradrenaline was added. In 1) high calcium concentrations of 11.5 mmol/kg d.w. were regularly detected in sites at the level of Z-lines, which probably correspond to the Z rete of SR. In 2) in which the mechanogram of the fist contraction after rest normally showed a small and retarded peak, the cell stores seemed to be nearly empty, with exception of a few regions between the mitochondria which revealed calcium accumulations of 77 mmol/kg d.w. These regions included JSR and/or T-tubuli. In 3) in which the mechanogram of the first contraction after rest normally showed a retarded peak with high tension, calcium was found in several cell structures. The highest amount, 25 mmol/kg d.w., was detected over the cell membrane. Measurable amounts were also detected over Z lines and sarcomeres. In the present experiments, the respective rate of rise of tension, and time to peak tension, were extremely different. Possible correlations between different contraction patterns and different calcium stores involved in the various experiments have been discussed. PMID- 7136184 TI - Irregularities in the circular dichroism of oligoribonucleotides. AB - Marked anomalies, previously unresolved, exist in the CD spectra of oligoadenylates and oligouridylates at the pentamer or tetramer stage, indicating that these molecules differ in conformation from the preceding and the following member of the series. The CD of oligoadenylates retains a positive Cotton effect even at 80 degrees C. Caution must be exerted when predicting oligonucleotide structures from CD spectra. PMID- 7136186 TI - The interaction of calf thymus DNA with mercuric acetate and 3,6-bis (acetatomercurimethyl)-dioxane. Small-angle X-ray scattering and viscosity studies. AB - The binding of Hg2+ and 3,6-bis-(acetatomercurimethyl)-dioxane (BAMD) to sonicated calf thymus DNA was studied by small-angle X-ray scattering and viscosity measurements. The scattering experiments with DNA complexed by different amounts of mercurials (for Hg2+ rb=0-0.79, for BAMD rb=0-0.86 mol of mercurial bound per mol of base pairs) established that the rod-like character of the DNA molecules is maintained up to high binding ratios. They revealed further a steady decrease of the cross-section radius of gyration Rc for the DNA X Hg2+ complex and a similar decrease of Rc for the DNA X BAMD complex up to Rb=0.35. This behaviour is certainly caused by the incorporation of both mercurials near the axis of the DNA helix. Binding of BAMD at rb greater than 0.35 led to an increase of Rc which behaviour obviously reflects the location of mercury atoms at large distances from the axis, possibly on the surface of the helix. The increase of the mass per unit length Mc upon binding of the mercurials was found to be much higher than expected. This finding established that the length of the DNA helix decreases by 0.10 +/- 0.01 nm per bound mercurial at low binding ratios (i.e. up to rb=1/3 for BAMD, up to possibly rb=0.5 for Hg2+). A similar conclusion was also drawn from the observed decrease of intrinsic viscosity [n] with increasing rb. The analysis of Mc at high binding ratios suggests that every BAMD molecule bound beyond rb=1/3 decreases the length of the DNA by 0.21 +/- 0.05 nm whereas Hg2+ when bound beyond rb=0.5 causes no change of the length. PMID- 7136187 TI - Growth characteristics of anaerobically treated Ehrlich ascites tumor cells after reaeration as studied by combination of flow cytometry and centrifugal elutriation. AB - Centrifugal elutriation was applied to separate into the cell compartments asynchronous Ehrlich ascites cells grown under different culture conditions. The cytokinetic properties of the recultivated fractions were studied by flow cytometry. The present experiments prove that G1-cohorts grown 12 h under exclusion of oxygen accumulate in the late G1-compartment. The cytokinetic properties of these cells are not changed. In contrast the cytokinetic properties of anaerobically treated S-phase cells are changed; most of S-cells leave the cell cycle after they have attained the DNA content of G2-cells and continue to synthesize DNA without preceeding division. Cells with a DNA content up to the fourfold of normal values are found. PMID- 7136185 TI - Nonlinear polarisationoscillations in a biophysical model system II: external dynamics. AB - To describe a metastable electric dipole state in a biological system, Frohlich suggested a nonlinear model potential. In this paper we investigate a system of two nonlinear dipoles, which are coupled by a dipole-dipole interaction. We apply an external field and add linear damping terms. The external drive leads to a phase-locking of the dipoles. Mathematically, the system corresponds to an externally driven anharmonic oscillator with damping. We investigate the system of coupled oscillators and look for the stable and metastable solutions as a function of the internal and external parameters. PMID- 7136188 TI - The sporulation of Eimeria tenella as revealed by a novel preparative method. AB - A simple technique for obtaining ultra-thin sections of coccidian oocysts is reported. Oocyst walls, the main barriers to fixatives, dehydrating agents and embedding media are ruptured by brief immersion of the organism in liquid nitrogen. Adequate penetration of chemicals is thus assured but with minimal damage to the internal tissue. The fine structure of sporulation of oocysts of Eimeria tenella was studied using this process. Each oocyst produced four sporoblasts. These developed into sporocysts and each produced two sporozoites. PMID- 7136189 TI - [Histological studies of the gamogony and sporogony of Hepatozoon erhardovae in experimentally infected rat fleas (Xenopsylla cheopis)]. AB - We studied, under experimental conditions, the life cycle of Hepatozoon erhardovae in the tropical rat flea, Xenopsylla cheopis, light microscopically on coloured semi-thin sections. Fleas killed and prepared on the day of infection show stomachs filled with mice erythrocytes. Some monocytes are parasitized or show empty envelopes of gametocytes. The latter perforate the wall of the stomach, leaving behind empty parasitophorous vacuoles, and they migrate to the fat-body cells of the flea where they differentiate sexually and where they stay during the whole of their further sexual development. On days 2 and 3 post infection (p.i.) microgametes were observed with one flagellum each, as well as macrogametes in one and the same host cell. Fertilization is induced by gametogamy. During the various divisions of the nuclei on the days 8-12 p.i. droplet-like evaginations are formed on the pellicle of the oocyst from the peripherical chromatin condensations. Between days 12 and 14 p.i. the sporoblasts develop while the oocysts diminish in size. Between days 18 and 20 p.i. 16 sporozoites and a large residual body are differentiated in each sporoblast and surrounded by the sporocyst wall. The oocyst wall is preserved and forms sporocyst balls that are set free when the flea abdomen is pressed. The flea thus presents a highly infective vector; the intermediate host is infected after eating the flea. PMID- 7136190 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with egg antigens of Schistosoma japonicum. AB - A micromethod of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied to infections with Schistosoma japonicum in humans and mice with egg antigens. In mouse infections, antibody responses were detected between 6 and 8 weeks after the cercarial challenge. In human infections, a circum oval precipitin positive group showed the highest reaction values in ELISA. ELISA with egg antigens did not show any cross reaction with sera of humans infected with intestinal parasites (Ascaris, Trichuris and hookworms). Fractionation of the egg antigen was attempted using gel filtration, ion-exchange and lectin affinity chromatographies. Antigenic fractions were detected in two molecular weight groups of glycoprotein, which showed major pI value at 5-6. However, ELISA with partially purified antigen (JEA-1) did not give better sensitivity or specificity than the crude extract. PMID- 7136192 TI - A technique for anaesthetizing pulmonate snails of medical and veterinary importance. PMID- 7136191 TI - Antibody responses in rats infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis and the passive transfer of protective immunity with immune serum. AB - Little haemagglutinating antibody was detected in the serum of rats with primary Angiostrongylus cantonensis infections until the juvenile worms left the brain and lodged in the lungs about 35 days after infection. Antibody titres reached a peak 50 days after infection and were maintained for at least a further 95 days. Increasing the infective dose of A. cantonensis larvae increased the peak antibody titres attained by the infected rats. Re-infection temporarily reduced the serum antibody titre, but later it increased and showed an anamnestic response. Reaginic antibody production was transient during primary infections; re-infection failed to stimulate further reaginic antibody production. Antiserum from immune donor rats protected recipients against A. cantonensis. The transferred immune serum suppressed anti-A. cantonensis antibody production in recipient rats. PMID- 7136193 TI - Pathogenesis of anaemia in hamsters infected with Leishmania donovani. AB - The development of anaemia was studied in hamsters infected with Leishmania donovani. Haematocrit studies as well as erythrocyte survival studies using radioactive chromium (51Cr), gave evidence of a progressive anaemia during the course of infection. The erythrocytes were positive in direct antiglobulin tests using antisera to IgG and complement C3. Moreover, erythrophagocytosis as well as increased deposits of haemosiderin in the liver and the spleen, particularly in the areas of proliferating macrophages, were demonstrated. It would appear that the erythrocytes adsorb immune complexes on their surfaces and become liable to enhanced phagocytosis by the macrophages of the liver and the spleen. PMID- 7136194 TI - Scanning electron microscopical observations on antigen-antibody coat formation on mechanically transformed Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula. AB - As part of a study of the antigenic composition of the tegument of mechanically transformed Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula, the phenomenon of coat formation around such schistosomula when incubated in medium containing serum of S. mansoni infected mice was investigated with light and scanning electron microscopy. Coat formation was only observed on freshly transformed schistosomula, while schistosomula that had been incubated overnight at 37 degrees C in medium without serum from infected mice were no longer able to produce a coat. When freshly transformed schistosomula were incubated in medium containing serum from infected mice, it was found that individual spines on the tegument were covered with a coat within 1 h. After 2 h of incubation, the schistosomula were completely covered with a thick coat, starting at the posterior end. This coat was actively shed by the schistosomula after 3 h of incubation. To investigate the mechanism of coat formation, experiments were carried out using serum from uninfected mice, heat-inactivated serum from infected mice, and the IgG fraction of serum from infected mice. From the experiments it was concluded that the coat consisted of antigen-antibody complexes, involving IgG antibodies and complement. A detailed analysis of the easily obtainable coats may lead to a better understanding of the antigenic structure of the cercarial and schistosomular tegumental membrane. PMID- 7136195 TI - Skin penetration by Necator americanus larvae. AB - Skin penetration by Necator americanus larvae has been investigated in vitro. Larvae were able to penetrate completely human skin from both the epidermal and dermal directions; their passage through the epidermis was marked by cellular destruction. Removal of chloroform soluble skin lipids affected both the percentage of larvae invading and the percentage exsheathing. The larvae released an enzyme at about 37 degrees C, which showed peak activity against azocoll at 37 degrees C and pH 8. It is suggested that initial invasion is a mechanical process and that the enzyme is functional in passage through the germinal layers of the epidermis. PMID- 7136196 TI - Passive immunity in rats infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis: interactions between syngeneic immune serum and sensitized lymph node cells. AB - Immune serum injected into the peritoneum of rats passively protected them against Angiostrongylus cantonensis; this protection was greater than that conferred by passively transferred immune lymph node cells. When immune lymph node cells and serum were transferred together into the same rat, no enhanced protection was observed. The protective effect of serum was inhibited by the lymph node cells to levels commensurate with those conferred by immune lymph node cells alone. Normal lymph node cells also depressed the levels of immunity conferred by immune serum when they were transferred together with serum, but to a lesser extent than did sensitized lymph node cells. Transferred antibody acted to suppress antibody production against A. cantonensis in recipient rats. PMID- 7136197 TI - Fate of microfilariae of Dirofilaria immitis following use of levamisole as a microfilaricide. AB - A pretreatment liver biopsy was secured from each of three dogs with Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae counts of 29,500, 24,700, and 76,700/ml blood, respectively. Post-treatment biopsies were obtained 30 h later following treatment with a single dose of levamisole and a reduction in microfilariae counts of up to 80%. Both pre- and posttreatment biopsies were examined by light and electron microscopy. Microfilariae in dilated sinusoids of pretreatment liver biopsies were not degenerated and were unattended by an inflammatory reaction when examined by either method. However, degenerated microfilariae were present within granulomas in post-treatment liver biopsies examined by light and electron microscopy. Several stages of degeneration of microfilariae, including phagocytosis, were identified by the latter method. PMID- 7136199 TI - [Current status of pacemaker therapy]. PMID- 7136198 TI - [Practical aspects of treatment of heart failure]. PMID- 7136200 TI - [The physician and smoking. Improvement of quality of life through prevention of health hazards]. PMID- 7136201 TI - [Emergencies in general medicine (25). Fever cramps]. PMID- 7136202 TI - [Bile duct and pancreatic diseases. Endoscopic and radiologic diagnosis]. PMID- 7136203 TI - [Bile duct and pancreatic diseases. Roentgenologic and nuclear medicine diagnosis]. PMID- 7136204 TI - [Clinical and laboratory diagnosis in pancreatic diseases]. PMID- 7136205 TI - [Diagnostic peritoneal lavage - using blunt abdominal injuries as example]. PMID- 7136206 TI - [Partial coloscopy. Performance and results in practice]. PMID- 7136207 TI - [Emergencies in general medicine (28). Hematuria]. PMID- 7136208 TI - [Spontaneous regression of tumors. Cancer! Disease without hope?]. PMID- 7136209 TI - [Gastrointestinal precancerous conditions]. PMID- 7136210 TI - [Liver metastases in the sonogram]. PMID- 7136212 TI - [ECG--repetitorium and quiz (7)]. PMID- 7136211 TI - [Recurring squamous cell carcinoma with radiation injury]. PMID- 7136213 TI - [Emergency in general medicine (29). Testicular torsion]. PMID- 7136214 TI - [Alopecia areata and its supportive treatment possibility with Plenosol]. PMID- 7136215 TI - [Non-specific antiphlogistic measures in the otorhinolaryngologic practice]. PMID- 7136216 TI - [Classification of liver diseases. What is currently practiced and what is necessary for clinical, biochemical, biopsy and functional diagnosis]. PMID- 7136217 TI - [Diagnosis and follow-up of liver diseases. Meaningful application of serologic methods]. PMID- 7136218 TI - [Prevention and drug therapy of liver diseases]. PMID- 7136220 TI - [Emergencies in general medicine (30). Priapism]. PMID- 7136219 TI - [Surgical therapy of liver diseases. Indications and results]. PMID- 7136221 TI - [Food additives]. PMID- 7136222 TI - [The need of man for essential fatty acids. What is certain, what probable, what speculation?]. PMID- 7136223 TI - [Correct values for the vitamin B1 needs of the healthy human. Difficulties and questionability of need determination]. PMID- 7136224 TI - [Overweight. Contribution on the formation of various types, its prevention and elimination]. PMID- 7136225 TI - [The "Witzenhaus model." A practicable way of weight reduction]. PMID- 7136226 TI - [ECG--repetititorium and quiz (18)]. PMID- 7136227 TI - [Emergencies in general medicine (31). Pulmonary edema]. PMID- 7136229 TI - [Treatment of the hypertensive crisis with hydergine]. PMID- 7136228 TI - [Effectiveness of Tibirox. Acute and chronic urinary tract infections]. PMID- 7136231 TI - Cancer trends: in neoplastic diseases, a role for human sperm banking. PMID- 7136230 TI - Choices in anesthesia for cesarean section. PMID- 7136232 TI - Anomalous duodenal obstruction of unusual origin: two case reports. PMID- 7136233 TI - Klippel-Feil syndrome: case report. PMID- 7136234 TI - Grand rounds: non-infectious thrombotic endocarditis. PMID- 7136235 TI - Plethysmographic measurement of venous flow resistance in man. PMID- 7136236 TI - [Lymphovenous anastomoses in the region of post-thrombotic lower leg ulcers]. PMID- 7136237 TI - [Traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta]. PMID- 7136238 TI - [Results after resection of the 1st rib in a costoclavicular syndrome]. PMID- 7136239 TI - [Catheter embolism as a chance finding--indications for surgery]. PMID- 7136240 TI - Effect of platelet aggregation inhibitors on the rate of thrombectomy following arterial reconstructions with Gore-Tex prostheses: a retrospective study. PMID- 7136241 TI - [Dissecting aneurysm of the ascending aorta and true aneurysm of the aortic arch]. PMID- 7136242 TI - An unusual type of dissecting thoracic aneurysm in association with right aortic arch. PMID- 7136243 TI - [Aneurysms of the intercostal artery in aortic isthmus stenosis]. PMID- 7136244 TI - [Vascular tumors VII: Kaposi sarcoma (multiple idiopathic pigmented sarcoma of the skin)]. PMID- 7136245 TI - [Painful spider-web varicose veins]. PMID- 7136246 TI - [Homeostasis in the central nervous system]. PMID- 7136247 TI - [The central nervous system and metals]. PMID- 7136248 TI - [Pharmacology of the airways-changing concepts]. PMID- 7136249 TI - [Current aspects of the use of hemosorption in the treatment of psoriasis]. PMID- 7136250 TI - [Cardiovascular system and lipid metabolism in psoriasis]. PMID- 7136251 TI - [Immunopathology of porphyria cutanea tarda]. PMID- 7136252 TI - [Immunotherapy of lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 7136253 TI - [Aseptic eosinophilic pustulosis]. PMID- 7136254 TI - [Experience in the treatment of psoriasis with heparin]. PMID- 7136255 TI - [Prevention of psoriasis attacks]. PMID- 7136257 TI - [Dopegyt and copper sulfate in the combination therapy of chronic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 7136256 TI - [Specific hyposensitizing therapy of dermatoses with soluble bacterial allergens]. PMID- 7136258 TI - [Lipschutz's pseudolues papulesa in men]. PMID- 7136259 TI - [Infiltrative and deep forms of lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 7136261 TI - [Case of severe toxicodermia from an insect bite resulting in dendritic livedo]. PMID- 7136260 TI - [Gougerot--Hailey-Hailey chronic benign familial pemphigus]. PMID- 7136262 TI - [Case of chronic ulcerative pyoderma]. PMID- 7136263 TI - [Experience in developing an animal model of acute diffuse alopecia using cyclophosphamide]. PMID- 7136264 TI - [Experience in the use of the intradermal test with candidin in oncologic patients]. PMID- 7136265 TI - [Study of the population frequency of psoriasis]. PMID- 7136266 TI - [Alimentary instrumental reflex to electric stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamus]. PMID- 7136267 TI - [Reactions of motor cortex neurons during precise instrumental movements in the cat]. PMID- 7136268 TI - [Role of neuropeptides and blockers of protein synthesis in neuronal mechanisms of food-getting behavior]. PMID- 7136269 TI - [Individual features of rat behavior and limbic structures of the brain]. AB - Bilateral ablation of the frontal parts of the neocortex and the hippocampus enhances the rats' reactivity to artificial stimuli (light and sound), and at the same time diminishes their sensitivity to signals of defensive excitation in another individual. Simultaneous bilateral ablation of the frontal neocortex, the lateral and ventromedial hypothalamus enhances in equal measure the rat reactivity to light, sound and the partner's pain cry. Comparison of the results with facts previously obtained and with published data suggests that individual correlations of the "information system" (the frontal neocortex and the hippocampus) with the "motivational system" (the amygdala and hypothalamus) underlie the extra-introversy parameter. Correlation between the "frontal neocortex--hypothalamus" and "hippocampus--amygdala" systems is manifested on the neuroticism (emotionality) scale. Activity of the "hypothalamus--hippocampus" system is of great importance for the lability versus inertia factor. The different forms of disturbance of normal interaction of the above four brain structures are likely to determine the basic varieties of neuroses. PMID- 7136270 TI - [Role of functional interhemispheric asymmetry in the formation of preference for direction of movement in the rat]. PMID- 7136271 TI - [Disruption of conditioned reflex activity during hypokinesia in the rat and the normalizing effect of motor loads]. PMID- 7136273 TI - [Age and adaptive reactions and the role of early experience in learning in the adult rat]. PMID- 7136274 TI - [Periodicity of frequency oscillations in the spontaneous spike activity of pyramidal tract cortical neurons in the cat]. PMID- 7136272 TI - [Formation of a system of food-getting conditioned reflexes during rat ontogeny]. PMID- 7136275 TI - [Lemniscal afferent projections to the caudate nucleus in the cat]. AB - Lemniscal and extralemniscal somatosensory afferent projections from the foreleg to the caudate nuclei were studied in cats under ethaminalsodium anaesthesia. To differentiate the projections, two groups of animals were used, in one of which simultaneous bilateral elimination of the lemniscal system was carried out, and a unilateral elimination in the other one. It was shown by the evoked potentials (EP) method that both caudate nuclei along with the structures of the ventro basal complex receive somatosensory afferentation from the forelegs with the same latency. Kinesthetic impulse activity transmitted by the lemniscal system comes from the stimulated foreleg to the ipsilateral structures of the forebrain along twice crossed pathways (at the medullar and, probably, the diencephalon level), since EPs in the caudate nucleus on the side of the section of the midbrain tegmentum persist in response to stimulation of the ipsilateral limb and disappear after section of the medial lemniscus. PMID- 7136276 TI - [Neuronal composition of microregions of the sensomotor cortex in the cat]. PMID- 7136277 TI - [Recovery cycles of visual cortex electrical responses during the early stages of ontogeny in the cat]. PMID- 7136278 TI - [Neurochemical characteristics of neurons of the ventromedial hypothalamus in the rabbit during negative emotional responses]. PMID- 7136280 TI - [Effect of phenamine and amizil on the interaction of delayed reactions and conditioned reflex differentiation in rhesus macaques and capuchins]. PMID- 7136281 TI - [Generalization of an alimentary conditioned reflex elaborated to electric stimulation of the ventral hippocampus in the cat]. PMID- 7136279 TI - [Effect of chronic alcoholic intoxication on temporal parameters of the process of "motor command" organization and interhemispheric functional relations in man]. PMID- 7136282 TI - [Neuronal correlates of the acceptor apparatus of the results of action at the hippocampal level in the feeding behavior system]. PMID- 7136283 TI - [Role of noradrenaline in the elaboration of conditioned responses of sensomotor cortex neurons to sound in the rabbit]. PMID- 7136284 TI - [Acute extinction of orientational-exploratory reaction of strains of rats in the "open-filed" test]. PMID- 7136286 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of postural reactions in dogs]. PMID- 7136285 TI - [Improved tungsten microelectrodes for recording activity of cells of subcortical structures in chronic experiments]. PMID- 7136287 TI - [Quality of statistics on causes of death: current problems and perspectives]. AB - Statistics of causes of death remain an important source of epidemiological data for the evaluation of various medical and health problems. The improvement of analytical techniques and, above all, the transformation of demographic and morbid structures of populations have prompted researchers in the field to give more importance to the quality of death certificates. After describing the data collection system presently used in Switzerland, the paper discusses various indirect estimations of the quality of Swiss data and reviews the corresponding international literature. PMID- 7136288 TI - [Cancer mortality, according to social indicators]. AB - The age-standardized annual mortality rates for 1969/72 are analyzed for each of 183 districts which have been characterized socio-economically and demographically on the basis of the 1970 census. Discriminant analysis for several malignant tumours shows increased mortality in regions of greater population density (lung cancer) and, independently of this finding, in regions with a higher proportion of persons working in the "tertiary sector" (other malignant tumours). PMID- 7136289 TI - [Evaluation of the Swiss Hospital Association diagnostic and surgical statistics]. AB - Number of admissions, days of care and the average length of stay are presented by age, sex and other criteria for Swiss short stay hospital. Persons 60 and over consumed more than 50 percent of all days of care. On the average, females of all age groups, except from 5 to 54 years of age, were hospitalized longer than males. Principal factors influencing the length of stay are: age, diagnosis and mode of discharge. The increase in the number of persons 65 and over admitted to medical departments corresponds to the demographic development, while it exceeds the demographic increase for surgical departments. PMID- 7136290 TI - [Epidemiologic analysis of occupational accidents using data of the Swiss National Accident Insurance]. AB - The present study is aimed to relate occupational accidents, as recorded by SAIF for 1974, to several risk factors among which the size of industrial enterprises. The results seem to demonstrate that very small enterprises (of less than ten employees) produce the highest rate of occupational accidents and accumulate risk factors. Nevertheless, before going very much further in the comment of results, the authors emphasize the limitations of the available statistical material. Further limitation in planning an ergonomical prevention programme on the basis of those records is to be related to the parameters chosen to explain the genesis of occupational accidents. PMID- 7136291 TI - [Typology of psychosocial causes related to absenteeism due to illness]. AB - This study is concerned with theoretical considerations relating to the psychosocial factors involved in absenteeism caused by illness. A model has been constructed, based on the recognition that personality, the surroundings at work, small groups as well as societal influences act upon the individual and his behaviour at the place of work. Failure to adapt at the working place increases the risk of absence due to illness. The immediate circumstances leading to absence are also analyzed. The model should be operationalized and tested empirically. PMID- 7136292 TI - [Prevention of coronary heart disease. A study of 2 rural communities of Zurich]. AB - This study aimed at reducing risk factors for coronary heart disease through improving living habits in the population. It was conducted in a rural community in the canton of Zurich; a similar community without an intervention programme served for comparison. Data from questionnaires and examinations in random population samples examined at the start and a year later (1974-75) indicated that a favourable effect on smoking habits was achieved while blood-pressure levels were reduced in both communities, presumably because hypertensives were referred to their physician in the intervention as well as in the control area. Serum-cholesterol level and eating habits could not be demonstrably influenced. However, there was a trend toward weight reduction and an increase in physical activity in the intervention community. On comparing the initial findings, based on random samples, with an independent new sample examined at the end of the study, no overall changes in risk-factor levels could be found in the general population but the statistical power to show an effect is impaired by small numbers. The intensity of the intervention programme was limited by the available means; it was well accepted by the population. PMID- 7136293 TI - [Age and toxicopathy--Vaud 1977-1978]. AB - Recent work on principles of pleasure and on endogenous opioid system enlightens some regulations of mental comfort and of homeostasis of the nervous system. From this point of view, the choice of specific drugs, during the first months of their use, would give an indirect picture of the troubles which caused initially the use of these substances. The present study discloses, behind the apparent anarchy of mono- and polytoxicopathies, some constant relations between age and sex of drug-users and specific choice of drugs. PMID- 7136295 TI - [5-years of experience with tranquilizing-analgesics in laryngo-tracheo bronchoscopic procedures in newborns and infants ]. AB - Tranquilizing-analgesics (diazepam-ketamine combination anaesthesia) and O2 injector respiration has proved during a period of 5 years in 270 laryngo-tracheo bronchoscopies of newborns and infants to be an outstandingly well-controllable anaesthesia applicable by the intravenous route which could be applied without danger of depression of breathing or circulation and without injury of the laryngeal protection reflex in this early period of life by means of a balanced cooperation between operator and anaesthesiologist. No serious complications have been observed. The authors' own experiences in handling of the method are described. PMID- 7136296 TI - Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis--a 20-year review of 282 surgically treated infants. AB - A series of 282 children subjected to pyloromyotomy for congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis seen in the years 1961--1980 is presented. The various features relating to presentation, diagnosis and treatment are compared and contrasted in those treated in the first decade, 1961--1970 (series A) with those treated in the second decade, 1971--1980 (series B). It is noteworthy that there was an increased demand for radiological investigation in the second decade, and the fact that the number of patients diagnosed by radiological means only has doubled (from 9% to 19%) in the two series is probably a reflection of medical training and attitude. There was a marked decrease in the amount of post-operative vomiting during the second decade of this study and there was a slight tendency to earlier discharge from hospital in the latter years. The series confirms that congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis treated by pyloromyotomy has no mortality and only a minimal morbidity. PMID- 7136297 TI - [Problems of intramural haematomas in childhood. A report of 5 cases]. AB - 5 cases of intramural haematomas are discussed. The haematomas were of different origin, were localized at different sites and treated differently. In one case an obstructive duodenal haematoma developed after a liver and spleen rupture. This hematoma was treated by gastro-enterostomy. In the second case the cause could not be determined. The third haematoma was induced by an intestinal clamp. In the last two cases there was a tendency to haemorrhages (Morbus Schonlein-Henoch and haemophilia A). PMID- 7136298 TI - Anorectal anomalies--international classification. AB - 80 patients with anorectal anomalies were admitted to the Paediatric Surgical Service of the National Hospital of Norway during the five year period 1970--74. The anomalies were classified according to the International Classification which was found to be of obvious value in comparing material and results. Intermediate and high deformities were generally treated with an initial colostomy and a subsequent sacroperineal pullthrough operation. The low anomalies were generally treated with an anoplasty in two procedures. Patients with poor functional results and incontinence can be improved with free muscle transplantation. PMID- 7136294 TI - [Vaccination: 1982 status]. AB - This review discusses the indications for the routine immunizations covered by the Swiss "Immunization Schedule 1981" (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, poliomyelitis, measles, mumps, rubella, BCG), as well as the indications for special immunizations (hepatitis B, influenza, pneumococci, rabies, tickencephalitis) and for the immunisations for travellers (cholera, yellow fever, meningococci, typhoid fever). Vaccination against measles, mumps and rubella should be given to girls and boys at the age of 18 (to 24) months as a combined injection. In view of the low prevalence of tuberculosis BCG vaccination is justifiable only at school leaving age, if at all. The indications for influenza and pneumococcal vaccines are still limited, the value of a general vaccination of all over 65 year old individuals is not proven for either vaccine. A nationwide vaccination campaign against hepatitis B was started early this year with a newly licensed vaccine for all population groups at risk. Only HDC vaccines should be used for immunisation against rabies. The newly licensed, highly protective oral attenuated live typhoid vaccine will probably replace the parenteral typhoid vaccine. PMID- 7136299 TI - Surgical treatment of ingrowing toenails in infancy and childhood. AB - 76 patients were reviewed retrospectively to assess the efficacy of surgery for ingrowing toenails. 110 primary procedures were carried out with an overall symptomatic recurrence rate of 415. When used as a primary procedure, avulsion alone has a symptomatic recurrence rate of 45%, wedge excision 33% and Zadik's procedure 16%. A nail-bed ablation is the most effective treatment for ingrowing toenails. PMID- 7136301 TI - [Collagen fiber texture and injury pattern of the epiphyseal groove]. AB - Injuries of the epiphyseal plate seem to follow the course of the collagenous fibres in the epiphyseal plate. Studies using polarized light and scanning electron microscopy show the relationship between the collagenous fibres and the direction of fractures of the epiphyseal plates. PMID- 7136302 TI - [Epiphyseal fractures and epiphysiolyses of the distal tibia]. AB - In the years 1979, 1980 and 1981 a follow-up of 72 epiphyseal of the distal tibia was made. Half of the cases of epiphyseal fractures were treated conservatively, the other half operatively. Epiphysiolyses were treated conservatively without exception. In both groups disturbances of growth with partial closure of the growth plate and following malgrowth were found. The statistic evaluation of the case histories showed neither a sign of the cause nor a definite primary therapeutic influence on the disturbance of growth. On the basis of these results the classification effected to date of the epiphyseal traumas as well as their prognosis will be critically examined. From the clinicotherapeutic point of view epiphyseal fractures must be classified as joint lesions and epiphysiolyses as shaft fractures, even if the later are still lesions of the growth plate if considered from an anatomical point of view. On the basis of a clinically orientated new classification of growth plate lesions, therapeutic principles are discussed. PMID- 7136304 TI - [Embolization of arteriovenous angiomas in infancy and childhood]. AB - The authors report on 35 children in whom embolisation of arteriovenous angiomas was performed. Embolisation alone caused the tumor to disappear in 50% of the cases. Permanent success was achieved in all cases by means of embolisation and steroid treatment or by embolisation and exstirpation of the tumor. PMID- 7136303 TI - [Therapy and prognosis of severe soft tissue injuries in children]. AB - In consequence of "run-over" road accidents of children there has been a marked increase in severe soft tissue injuries. --The prophylaxis of bacterial contamination, the immediate reduction of compound fractures as well as the consequent debridement of devitalized soft tissue are shown to be essential components of the acute traumatic wound care. Primary closure of the wound must not be forced. The definite procedure includes reconstruction of vessels, nerves and last but not least osteosynthesis of fractures. Special attention is given to the fixateur externe, which is getting increasingly important in childhood injuries. The follow-up results of 17 multiple injured children with 3rd-degree open fractures and/or severe soft tissue injuries demonstrate that in childhood the results are generally better than in grown-up patients with corresponding injuries. 80% of the children showed very good results. No osteomyelitis was observed. PMID- 7136300 TI - Rectal carcinoma with a large amount of mucin production in childhood--report of a case. AB - A 10-year-old boy with rectal carcinoma underwent an abdominoperineal resection with postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The tumor showed a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma with a large amount of mucin production. Five years later, obstructive hydronephrosis due to postoperative radiotherapy developed and uretero-ileo-cysto-neostomy was performed after transient bilateral nephrostomies. He is now 17 years of age, 7 years after the initial operation, and doing well with nearly normal renal function. Colorectal carcinoma in childhood is very rare and has a poor prognosis, which seems due to the high incidence of mucinous adenocarcinoma and delay in early diagnosis. Besides polyp carcinoma with low grade malignancy, an aggressive abdominoperineal resection with sigmoid colostomy is the treatment of choice as in adults. Postoperative radiotherapy under a total of 3000 rads is also recommended for a better chance of cure. The effectiveness of pre- and postoperative chemotherapy is still doubtful. PMID- 7136306 TI - [Duplicate formation of the diaphragm]. PMID- 7136305 TI - [Surgical indications in cardial insufficiency in infants]. AB - Indications for fundoplication in 70 infants with cardiac sphincter insufficiency are analysed and subdivided into absolute and relative indications in accordance with complications conditioned by reflux. Endoscopy has proved to be the most important diagnostic method for deciding whether antireflux surgery is necessary. It enables proof or exclusion of oesophagitis as the most frequent and most severe consequence of reflux. Functional tests, such as manometry and long-term measurement of pH, are important especially in cases where severity and pattern of the disease have not been clarified. Such tests enable assessment of the function of the cardia and tubular oesophagus, and hence the hazards to which the oesophagus is exposed by the reflux of the gastrointestinal contents. Hence, they represent a contribution to a reduction of the incidence rate of surgery to the absolute minimum which is a "must" at this age, without exposing the young patient to the risk of a serious complication. PMID- 7136307 TI - [Mineral and trace element content of rats with dietary fumaric acid supplement]. PMID- 7136309 TI - Changes in plasma iodine levels in beef cattle turned out to spring pasture. PMID- 7136308 TI - alpha-epsilon Diaminopimelic acid (DAPA) in a sheep rumen infused with a synthetic diet of sugars and urea: evidence for degradation of bacteria. PMID- 7136314 TI - What is life? PMID- 7136312 TI - The nutritional effect of a pepsin stable trypsin inhibitor from barley grains. PMID- 7136311 TI - [Quantification of N metabolism in the forestomachs of dairy cows. 3. Comparison of 2, 6-diaminopimelic acid with 15N as markers for the determination of microbial nitrogen in duodenal chymus of dairy cows]. PMID- 7136313 TI - [Nitrogen digestibility in the deer (C. capreolus L). 1. Digestibility trials in deer]. PMID- 7136316 TI - A simple method for whole-body perfusion fixation of rats and mice. Short communication. PMID- 7136315 TI - [Effect of blood collection and sampling frequency on red cell blood count in the rat]. PMID- 7136317 TI - Postnatal development of the light-dark rhythm of circulating lymphocyte, segmented neutrophil, and reticulocyte counts in laboratory rats. Short communication. PMID- 7136318 TI - A simple head-holder for experimental work with mice. Short communication. PMID- 7136319 TI - [Growth of human malignant tumors following transplantation in nu/nu mice. II. Dependence on the nutrition of grafted mice]. PMID- 7136310 TI - The functional activity of zinc of the feeding of ruminants of economic importance. 2nd part. Experimental deficiency by full-grown ewes. PMID- 7136320 TI - [Measurements of quantitative characteristics in AKR/Nhan and C57BL/6JHan mice and their hybrids. I. Mass, length and body fat]. PMID- 7136321 TI - [Different conception capacities of female Han:NMRI mice. Effect of mating at night and in the morning]. PMID- 7136322 TI - [Combination cages for breeding of guinea pigs]. PMID- 7136323 TI - Identification of Eperythrozoon coccoides by scanning electron microscope. PMID- 7136324 TI - [Asbestos dust hazards in the modern asbestos processing industry]. PMID- 7136325 TI - [The accident law]. PMID- 7136326 TI - [Continued education of safety engineers--a constant challenge]. PMID- 7136328 TI - [Obesity--a surgical problem?]. AB - This a a survey or morbid obesity in man, its causes and possibilities of conservative and surgical treatment. The different aetiological types of obesity are dealt with. Special attention is focused on the mitochondrial oxidation process. PMID- 7136327 TI - [Formaldehyde morbidity study]. PMID- 7136329 TI - [Wound infection prophylaxis in colonic and rectal surgery with metronidazole and neomycin--a prospective study]. AB - In a prospective study the authors report on their experience with preoperative bowel preparation using Metronidazole and Neomycin in combination with a low residue diet and orthograde cleaning of the bowel. They observed (elective surgery) wound infections in only 10%. Before this regimen was introduced the rate of wound infection came up to a percentage of 45. PMID- 7136330 TI - [Anti-infectious regime and bacteriological status]. AB - The functioning of our anti-infectious regimen now working over a period of 7 years with 4 checks per year has been controlled. The wound infection rate came up to a percentage of 1.55. Blunders concerning chemical disinfection especially could be detected in spite of check-ups made every 3 months. PMID- 7136336 TI - [Blunt abdominal injuries. Retrospective study of 697 cases]. AB - In our country the number of abdominal traumata is steadily increasing. Mostly they are caused by traffic accidents in the overcrowded cities. In this retrospective study we analyse all our cases of the last 4 years, which were admitted to our clinic. Only in rare cases diagnosis could be made immediately on the basis of clinical symptoms. The decision to operate or not could only be taken after diagnostic irrigation of the abdominal cavity. In this way early diagnosis could also be made in doubtful cases and the patients operated in time. PMID- 7136334 TI - [Duodenal stenosis of the pars horizontalis inferior as a result of an peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7136333 TI - [Necrosis of the small curvature after selective proximal vagotomy]. PMID- 7136332 TI - [A medical "odyssey" in a congenital unilateral diaphragm defect]. AB - This is a case-report of an undiagnosed congenital defect (aplasia?) of the left diaphragm in a female adult, now aged 43 years. The woman was falsely diagnosed since her youth for cavernous tuberculosis and sent to a tuberculosis hospital for 17 months. Later on, the patient was thought to have a "tear" in the left lung (!) and treated for 9 months as an in-patient. Because of these wrong diagnoses dangerous therapeutic measures were performed. The retrospection this course seems to be rather unbelievable, however it should induce diagnosticians to serious reflections. PMID- 7136337 TI - [Results of proximal tibia osteotomy in varus deformity]. AB - 54 patients (mean age 63.5 years), mostly women, suffering from degenerative arthritis of the knee joint underwent high osteotomy of the condylus of the tibia. Fixation together with compression was achieved by external fixation. The patients were not followed up until one year after completion of treatment. In a percentage of 90 the patients were freed from pain, in 10% the results obtained did not satisfy the patients. PMID- 7136338 TI - [Operative therapy of humeral epicondylitis]. AB - 57 patients underwent surgery for ineffective conservative treatment from 1972 to 1980. Till 1978 Hohmann's operation was performed (incision of the extensor tendons inserting at the epicondyle). After that time we extended this procedure by resecting a strip of tendinous tissue of the proximal extensor or the flexor muscle inserting at the radial or ulnar epicondyle. Patients treated in this way had better results than by the original Hohmann method. PMID- 7136335 TI - [Epidemiology, diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of abdominal injuries]. AB - The low incidence rate of abdominal injuries in the GDR does not allow the single surgeon to collect extensive personal experience. Actual aspects of diagnostics, therapy and prognosis are compiled in a survey. It has to be emphasized that the definite result of treatment depends on the quality of surgico-anaesthesiological care as well as on the severity of the injury, on individual factors and conditions of the local health care system. PMID- 7136331 TI - [Experiences with intraoperative colonoscopy in patient protocols in 2,547 cases]. AB - Technique and indications for intraoperative colonoscopy are reviewed. A total retrograde fiberoptic colonoscopy was performed on the unopened bowel at laparotomy in 1135 patients, and a partial colonoscopy (70 to 90 cm) in 1412 patients. Additional polyps were found in 24% of patients with carcinoma of the rectum and colon (n = 1023), in 26% of patients with diverticulitis (n = 112), and 8.3% of patients with proctological diseases (n = 1412). A second carcinoma was found in 3.1% of cases with colonic carcinoma, in 1.8% of cases with diverticulitis, and 0.35% of cases with proctological diseases. PMID- 7136340 TI - [Plasma cell osteomyelitis--contribution to the differential diagnosis of osteomyelitis]. PMID- 7136339 TI - [Therapy of acromioclavicular luxation]. AB - 62 patients underwent surgery for dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint and were followed up. In acute cases the best results could be achieved by an open reposition in combination with temporarily splinting by a Kirschner-wire and suture of capsula and ligament. A plasty using autologous ligament is necessary in rare cases only. Open reposition, screwing according to Bosworth and a plasty with a strip of autogenous cutis (Bunnell) should be performed in delayed cases. PMID- 7136341 TI - [Unusual course of an osseous stenosis of the thoracic spinal canal]. PMID- 7136342 TI - [Measurement of intraventricular pressure with the biomonitor system]. PMID- 7136343 TI - [Stabilization of the spinal column in spondylitis using Harrington instrumentation]. PMID- 7136344 TI - [Frequency and causes of wound infection and pneumonia rate following various surgical operations]. AB - 753 patients who underwent general surgery were prospectively analysed with respect to postoperative wound infection and the pulmonary infection rate. A clear distinction was made between the real infection rate and those infections that were not combined with other complications and were therefore called "isoated" infections. It could be demonstrated that operations concerned with colon and perforated viscera had an increased isolated wound sepsis rate, the gastric resection, however, could be counted as a clean operation. Furthermore, the would sepsis rate after colonic surgery was also very low in those cases where an adequate operative techique was used. The pulmonary infection rate showed the opposite behaviour, since patients with gastric resection were particularly endangered. The reasons for that are discussed and target groups for use of prophylactic antibiotic therapy are named. PMID- 7136347 TI - [Closed abdominal wound drainage by the Robinson technic. Technology and experience report]. PMID- 7136346 TI - [Anastomotic ulcer following Whipple's operation with stomach preservation]. AB - Using the method proposed by Traverso and Longmire, a partial duodenopancreatectomy was performed on 18 patients without concomitant gastric resection sparing the bulbus duodeni. It had been reported that the postoperative increase in ulcer formation on the anastomosis could be avoided by a duodenal inhibition of gastric secretion. Since, however, ulcers were found in 7 patients on an average of 13 months following surgery, it must be presumed that the duodenal acid inhibition is not sufficient. For this reason Whipple's operation is again being performed in combination with the subtotal gastric resection. PMID- 7136345 TI - [Laryngeal and tracheal stenoses following prolonged intubation and tracheotomy]. AB - Within 15 years we observed 8 stenoses following longtime intubation and tracheostomy (1.87% of all patients who underwent longtime-intubation and 1.11% of all patients following tracheostomy). The stenoses were diagnosed between 4 weeks and 6 months after removal of the device. The primary disease, especially shock, is more important for the development of stenoses than the duration of intubation. PMID- 7136348 TI - [Experiences with the cecal fistula by the Goligher technic]. PMID- 7136349 TI - [Influence of the coagulase reaction on the leukotactic effect of Staphylococcus aureus in artificial body cavities of rabbits]. AB - It was attempted, to determine the influence of coagulase-induced coagula on the leukotactic effects of Staphylococcus aureus in experimental subcutaneous body cavities (KK) of rabbits. Purified staphylococcal coagulase mediated a partial coagulation in the KK when fibrinogen had been added. The coagula delayed the leukotaxis into the KK after the injection of (killed) encapsulated and non encapsulated S. aureus extracted with 6 M guanidiniumchloride (Fig. 1), as well as after the injection of the untreated (viable) staphylococci (Fig. 2). The coagula also delayed phagocytosis, at least during the first hours of the experiments (Fig. 3). PMID- 7136350 TI - [Salmonella landwasser: a new serotype of Salmonella subgenus I (3,10:z:z6)]. AB - A new Salmonella serotype (3,10:z:z6) was isolated from a fecal specimen of a lizard (Lacerta viridis) imported from Northern Italy. The strain was accepted as a new Salmonella, Subgenus I, on January 11, 1980, by Prof. Le Minor, International Salmonella Centre Paris. The organism was introduced into the Kauffmann-White-Scheme, Supplement XXIII as S. landwasser in referring to the first isolation in a Veterinary Research Institut in Landwasser, a suburb of Freiburg (FRG). PMID- 7136351 TI - Two new flagellar antigens of Salmonella, z67 and z68, and revision of the antigen z56. PMID- 7136352 TI - The effect of pure Fusarium toxins (T-2, F-2, DAS) on the microflora of the gut and on plasma glucocorticoid levels in rat and swine. AB - The gut microflora and adrenal cortex hormone levels were monitored in HUNGAHYB piglets of 10-12 kg and in Wistar rats of 100-150 g body weight fed with different pure Fusarium toxins. The feeding of either T-2, T-2 + F-2 and DAS toxins at the 5 microgram/g feed level for one week resulted in the substantial increase of aerobic bacteria count of the intestine. Increase of the DAS dose to a twofold level failed to elicit dose-response and no further increases in bacterial counts were observed. Following the uptake of toxin containing feed, the plasma cortisol and corticosterone levels showed a 2-3 fold rise. Intramuscular administration of toxin T-2 also increased the activity of the adrenal cortex and gut microflora counts also increased. It is suggested that the observed changes in the gut microflora may contribute to the appearance of clinical symptoms developing after feeding of toxins as well as to the triggering and maintaining of the stress. PMID- 7136354 TI - Lipid A in Legionella pneumophila. PMID- 7136353 TI - [The aerobic bacterial intestinal flora of various wintering geese species]. AB - The aerobic fecal flora of wintering Brent Goos (Branta bernicla), Barnacle Goose (Branta leucopsis), Greylag Goose (Anser anser), White-fronted Goose (Anser albifrons), Pink-footed Goose (Anser brachyrhynchus), and Bean Goose (Anser fabalis) was studied. There were no specific differences between the various geese. Bacterial counts were in the range of 10(5)-10(7) CPU per gram of feces. Neither pathogenic bacteria nor rotavirus could be detected in the fecal samples of the wintering geese, so that a contamination of the environment with those pathogenic organisms could be excluded. The majority of the isolated bacteria belonged to the genera Bacillus and Pseudomonas; enterobacteria and streptococci were less common. The observations are discussed regarding their epidemiological and ecological significance. PMID- 7136355 TI - The sensitivities of different immunoassays for detecting leptospiral antigen. AB - The detection of leptospiral antigen in biological fluids is important for the diagnosis of leptospirosis in animals and man. However the sensitivity of dark field microscopy, the usual detection method, is often inadequate. A comparison was made between the sensitivities of several immunological techniques for detecting Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. By staphylococcal coagglutination 10(8) leptospires per ml could be detected and by countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis 10(7) per ml. The best sensitivity obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was 10(5) leptospires per ml, and by radioimmunoassay 10(4) to 10(5) per ml. Radioimmunoassay offers the prospect of improved diagnosis of leptospirosis through the detection of leptospiral antigen. PMID- 7136356 TI - Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to lipopolysaccharide antigen of Leptospira interrogans serovar kremastos and canicola. AB - Monoclonal antibodies to Leptospira interrogans were provided by cell fusions between a myeloma cell line, P3/X63-Ag8.653, and spleen cells of BALB/c mice immunized with two different leptospiral lipopolysaccharide antigens. One antigen was prepared from Leptospira interrogans serovar kremastos strain Kyoto and the other from serovar canicola strain Hond Utrecht IV. Eighteen hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies to the former organisms and five hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies to the latter organisms were established during 6 month cultivation. On the basis of their microscopic agglutination reactivities, 18 anti-kremastos Kyoto monoclonal antibodies were classified into 10 distinct groups, and 5 anti-canicola monoclonal antibodies into 3 distinct groups. PMID- 7136357 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of polycystic ovaries]. AB - Experience obtained by the authors from the use of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of the polycystic ovary syndrome is reported in this paper, with particular reference being made to examination of 32 probands. The ultrasonic findings are described, and a more general assessment is made of the accuracy which can be achieved by the use of the method for diagnosis of polycystic ovaries. These findings were compared, for all probands, with results obtained from pneumopelviography and with surgical as well as with histological findings recorded from seven cases. The potential role of diagnostic ultrasonography for routine examination of probands for polycystic ovaries is discussed in somewhat greater detail. PMID- 7136358 TI - [Prevention and therapy of vaginal stump prolapse]. PMID- 7136359 TI - [Characterisation of the endometrium in patients with uterus myoma]. AB - The examinations described in this paper were undertaken by means of curettage and following hysterectomy for comparative assessment of the endometrium in patients with uterus myomatosus. Hyperplasia of the endometrium was recordable primarily from patients with menopausal ovarian dysfunction. Yet, endometrial structures were normal in 54 per cent of 178 myoma patients, and phases of incomplete secretion were recorded from 14.6 per cent. Effects of age, individual constitution, length of disease, tumour size, and age at menarche were not established. The findings obtained from vacuum curettage were largely in agreement with those gained from surgical specimens. Hence, non-invasive vacuum curettage may be recommended also for therapeutic control. PMID- 7136360 TI - [Haemangiopericytoma of the uterus - importance and incidence of this tumor in the uterus]. AB - Reported in this paper is the case of a woman, 43 years of age, with malignant haemangiopericytoma. The patient had undergone radical surgery and irradiation, following diagnosis of globucellular sarcoma. Metastasis occurred after an interval of six years from surgery. Histological checks revealed a pattern typical of haemangiopericytoma. The patient died one year later. - Morphology, incidence, clinical aspects, and general importance of this rare tumour are discussed against the background of relevant literature. The point is made that histological diagnosis may be quite difficult and that there is only limited possibility to draw conclusions from the morphological pattern of the tumour as to its biological importance. PMID- 7136361 TI - [Indications for vaginal hysterectomy]. AB - The surgical technique recommended for vaginal extirpation of the uterus from patients with corpus carcinoma differs from methods suggested for any other indications, including inadequately controllable metrorrhagia, uterus myomatosus, in situ carcinoma, Stage Ia carcinoma of the cervix, and positional abnormality. Reported are 1,052 cases of hysterectomy for which these indications had been valid. More than 25 per cent of the patients concerned had been above 60 years of age. There had been complications of two types, intra-operative and postoperative. Infections of the urinary tract ranked on top of the list and accounted for 5.6 per cent of all complications. They were followed by intra operative bleeding in 2.6 per cent of the cases and postoperative bleeding in 1.6 per cent. There were also two cases of ileus, one of them fatal. Another death occurred due to cardiac insufficiency. PMID- 7136363 TI - [Physiologic chest movements in the fetus]. AB - Foetal respiratory movement is reported in this paper, on the basis of dynamic, real-time ultrasound tests. The percentual possibility to watch thoracic movement was found to grow along with foetal maturation and gestational age. Absence of respiratory movement might signal a harmless rest phase or danger. PMID- 7136362 TI - [The effectiveness of a general test for Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnancy]. AB - Primary toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnancy (6.7 per thousand pregnancies) is considered to be a potential danger to foetal development (congenital infections in 5.3 per thousand). This conclusion had been drawn from a prospective study into 1,697 pregnant women. It is a primary infection which can be detected only by means of specific diagnostic methods. - Pyrimethamine sulphonamide treatment ,ist be considered as the optional for pregnant women, even by all accounts of side-effects. The risk of foetal infection has been reduced from 64 to 14 per cent by use of such treatment on cases of primary infection. - The results so far obtained from examination of congenitally infected children, aged between nine and ten years, are likely to justify the recommendation of general toxoplasma gondii testing and specific therapy for all cases of primary infection during pregnancy. PMID- 7136364 TI - [A non-invasive stress test for fetal movement stimulation]. AB - A method for foetal stimulation is required for both interpretation of external CTG and assessment of foetal mobility status. All methods so far described in the literature proved to be impracticable for their invasive nature or for insufficient controllability. An approximately unitised level of stimulation is necessary for proper assessment of mobility standards, and this has been achieved by means of sound stimulation. The latter is based on a body sound transmitter coupled to a sinus generator. Sensitivity of the method is 90 per cent. Preliminary comparison between quantity of movement and birth weight of examined foetuses has provided some clues to the effect that the responsiveness to external stimuli of newborns with low birth weight had been comparatively low, which was reflected in less movement activity. PMID- 7136365 TI - [Social gynecologic problems of the older female]. AB - An analysis was made of the situation of the aged woman, above 55 years of age, in the GDR, on the basis of sociogynaecological studies into 1,500 women. The studies were undertaken by means of semistandardised questionnaires and interviews. They included medical, psychological, familial, occupational, and social aspects. A comparison between the situation of aged women in socialist countries and that in capitalist countries has cast light at the gap between the two systems and illustrated the advantages of socialism. PMID- 7136366 TI - [Value scaling of family planning conditions]. AB - Subjective relevance of 26 different conditions of family planning was measured by means of Thurstone's indirect rating method of couple comparison. A population of 560 interviews had been subdivided by conditions of reproduction, that is desire for children, no desire, and not pregnant. Marital status was an additional criterion for subdivision. The following conclusions were drawn: - The rating given by all groups of probands to health and partnership factors was higher and thus more relevant to decision-making in family planning than that given to age, parity, and depending on marital status, was found to undergo variation which was more intensive than any assessment of socio-economic conditions. Reference is made to resulting conclusions of relevance to society. PMID- 7136367 TI - Oral immunisation of foxes against rabies. A field study. PMID- 7136368 TI - [Prevalence of intestinal protozoa in domestic cats in the city of Valdivia, Chile]. PMID- 7136369 TI - Augmentation of haemo-tissue vaccine doses out-turn through blood transfusion in Borrelia anserina infected chickens. PMID- 7136371 TI - [Recovery of disordered motor functions in patients with brain hemorrhages in relation to the localization of the focus of the lesion]. PMID- 7136370 TI - [Various problems in the organization of medical services to stroke patients based on information from the stroke registry]. AB - On the basis of the data of the Cerebral Stoke Register some problems of the medical aid delivery to patients with cerebral stroke in the acute phase are analyzed. It was found that in 30% of all calls the first aid was given by the local doctor; in all other calls the aid was given by emergency and urgent aid teams. The necessity of improving the diagnosis of the stroke type is emphasized. 61.5% of the patients were hospitalized: the indications for the hospitalization were determined with consideration for the clinical picture gravity and the stroke type. Within the first 3 days of the stroke a comatose state was registered in 18.6%; a soporous one, in 11.6%; a stunning, in 19.8%; and clear consciousness, in 50% of the patients. The mortality in the acute period of the stroke was higher among patients who were left for the treatment at home, than among those who were hospitalized. The relationship between the mortality and the patients' age was analyzed incomparable groups. It is stressed that a local doctor has to do a lot od diagnostic, therapeutic, and organizational work. In this connection it is suggested to specialize local doctors at large hospitals or chairs of medical schools (by giving them lectures on the principal problems of diagnosing cerebral stroke, organizing and giving the first medical aid). To raise the level of the cerebral stroke, diagnosis and the quality of the medical aid to be given to patients at home, the work of the local therapist and neuropathologist should be better coordinated. PMID- 7136372 TI - [Symptoms, types of course and prognostic factors in functional psychoses: various nosologic values (review)]. PMID- 7136373 TI - [Psychological aspects of the organization of rehabilitative and psychotherapeutic measures in psychoneurologic institutions]. PMID- 7136374 TI - [Current problems in preventive angioneurology]. PMID- 7136375 TI - [Use of vibrostimulating footgear in the complex treatment of stroke patients]. AB - Under observation there were 95 patients with a history of a cerebral stroke. The therapeutic combination given to 65 of them included vibrostimulation of the bearing zones of the soles of both feet. The stimulation was effected inthe rhythm of man's walk with the use of special footwear developed at the Institute of Engineering Science, the USSR Academy of Sciences. The control group consisted of 30 patients with analogous pathology who did not receive the vibrotherapy. In all patients electroencephalographic, echo-encephalographic, rheoencephalographic and thermometric examinations were carried out. External respiration function was examined too. As a result it was found that the use of local vibrostimulation of the feet contributed to earlier (than in the control) activation of the patients with motor defects caused by the cerebral accident. PMID- 7136376 TI - [Method of biocontrol in the complex treatment of cerebral arachnoiditis]. AB - The authors analyze the results of using the method of adaptive biocontrol of the brain bioelecrical activity in combined treatment of 60 patients suffering from cerebral arachnoiditis. Use was made of a biocontrol modification in which the external feedback signals were formed on the basis of the pathological pattern of the patient's EEG or the alpha-activity. For the first time the slow-wave components of the delta range (2 to 4 Hz) were taken for the controlled parameter in the regulation of epileptiform activity. As a result of the treatment showed a favourable effect that was exhibited by clinical, psychological, and eletrographic findings. Factors influencing significantly the results of the biocontrol are specified. The results of control experiments were also analyzed. The analysis confirmed the specificity of the biocontrol as a therapeutic method, and the fact that is effect is different from that of placebo. The biocontrol method is recommended for use in the treatment of nervous diseases as a method of directed use of the brain reserve capacities. PMID- 7136377 TI - [Role of the diencephalon in the pathogenesis of catarrhal diseases]. PMID- 7136378 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of muscular and periosteal reflexes]. PMID- 7136379 TI - [Organization of voluntary human movements with respect to right- and left handedness]. PMID- 7136380 TI - [Variability of the size of the neostriatum in persons of different sexes and ages]. PMID- 7136381 TI - [Experience with a differentiated clinical approach to epidemiologic description of populations of schizophrenic patients]. AB - Data on the frequencies of various schizophrenia forms among the population of three districts of Moscow are presented. These data were obtained from direct examinations of each schizophrenia case, and are the most differentiated clinically, as compared with those reported in earlier publications. With regard to one district of Moscow a more detailed information is presented: such as, the frequency of admission for schizophrenia to psychiatric hospitals that was found to be 9.63 per 1,000 of population, 9.85 for males and 9.48 for females. The admission frequency for continuously-progressing cases was 2.51; for paroxismally progressing ones 5.26; and for recurrent cases 1.80. In addition to these figures data on the admission frequency with regard to the underlying syndrome at the manifest stage of the disease (within the range of the above-mentioned basic forms of the disease course) are presented. Also the frequencies of various forms of the disease onset and the duration of the patients' stay in hospital and their observation by psychiatrists at home are analyzed with reference to the disease pattern and the frequency of each patients's hospitalization. PMID- 7136382 TI - [Clinico-catamnestic study of reactive psychoses according to the records of psychiatric institutions of the general type]. PMID- 7136383 TI - [Clinical criteria for employment prognosis in epileptic psychoses with a paroxysmal course in the practice of socio-vocational patient rehabilitation]. PMID- 7136384 TI - [Apomorphine in dyskinesia and psychomotor agitation]. PMID- 7136385 TI - [Mechanical properties of the brain during the development of postischemic edema]. AB - The mechanical properties of the brain during the development of postischemic edema in rabbits were studied in vivo by an original method. The effect of the circulatory factors was removed during the study. The experiments showed that ischemia reduces the pliancy of the brain, this is indicative of compensatory processes in its tissue which limit the entry of water into it from the blood. Before the development of marked edema, however, pliancy diminishes which is conducive to advancement of edema. The last circumstance, just as the increase of hysteresis, is evidence that the brain becomes "poor" from the standpoint of the development of edema. The brain consistency index may be an objective in vivo criterion of the degree of water accumulation in it. PMID- 7136387 TI - [Aneurysm of a solitary anterior cerebral artery]. PMID- 7136386 TI - [Late results of the treatment of patients with pituitary adenoma]. PMID- 7136388 TI - [Evaluation of the functional state of the brain stem in arteriovenous aneurysms of the brain by the method of short-latency evoked potentials]. PMID- 7136389 TI - [Classification of consciousness disorders in cranio-cerebral injuries]. PMID- 7136390 TI - [Structural features of the cerebral meninges in the parasagittal area in healthy subjects and in parasagittal meningiomas]. PMID- 7136391 TI - [Group-specific cerebrospinal fluid isohemagglutinins]. PMID- 7136392 TI - [Regional hypothermia of the spinal cord in the acute period of injuries to it]. PMID- 7136393 TI - [Hypothermia of the spinal cord in spastic syndromes]. PMID- 7136394 TI - [Local hypothermia of the spinal cord in the postoperative period]. AB - The authors analyse their observations over 19 patients with acute and neglected trauma of the spinal cord. The patients' ages ranged from 19 to 53 years. The planned and emergency operations on the 19 patients comprised laminectomy with the use of an optic magnifier and some plastic operations on the spinal cord with the use of microsurgical techniques (suturing of roots, opening intracerebral cysts, etc.). Local hypothermia was applied in the postoperative period for the prevention of hemorrhage and oedema of the spinal cord, for relief of spasms and pain, and for the inhibition of auto-immune processes in the spinal cord. The authors confirm that local hypothermia of the spinal cord does not affect body functions and exerts a selective effect on the area exposed to hypothermia. The general positive effect of local hypothermia of the spinal cord in the postoperative period is also pointed out. PMID- 7136395 TI - [Vertebrogenic caudal syndrome]. PMID- 7136396 TI - [Spinal epidural hematoma in tumors of the spinal cord]. PMID- 7136398 TI - [Surgical strategy in the treatment of cranio-cerebral injuries associated with fractures of tubular bones]. AB - The work is based on the analysis of 450 patients with combined injury; 272 of them underwent osteosynthesis in different periods after the injury. Examination and treatment of the combined injuries must be conducted simultaneously. Operations on the extremities are performed only after the patient recovers from shock. Indications and contraindications for applying instrumental methods of examination are discussed. The volume of the neurosurgical intervention in patients with combined craniocerebral injury comprises removal of the hematoma, correction and prevention of dislocation and secondary compression of the brain stem in the postoperative period, and hemostasis. Preference is given to resection trephination and to encephalotomy for removing an intracerebral hematoma. Secondary stem disorders are managed by tentoriotomy; ventricular drainage is applied in hydrocephalus. A classification is suggested which takes into account the severity of the craniocerebral injury and the severity of the injury to the extremity. PMID- 7136397 TI - [Pseudopolymelia in local lesions of the brain of tumor origin (3 cases from our practice)]. PMID- 7136399 TI - [Endogenous lipid pattern, organ distribution and effect of diet on a fatty acid binding protein fraction of rat liver cytosol]. AB - The endogenous lipid pattern of a fatty acid binding protein (FABP; synonym: "Z" protein) in the cytosolic fraction of rat liver involves besides "free" fatty acids also phospholipids and mono-, di- and triacylglycerols. The relation between "free" fatty acids and the sum of all other lipids is nearly 1. In consequence of this result a correction of the idea is necessary that the FABP specifically binds only fatty acids. With immunological techniques it has been shown that the FABP has no organ-specificity and no immunological relation to the lipoproteins of the serum. A high content of fat in the diet (25% fat) compared with a low fat content of the diet (1% fat) led to an increase of the concentration of FABP in the cytosols of different rat organs (liver, intestinal mucosa, fat tissue and heart). Therefore a physiological function in the intracellular translocation of the fatty acids in different rat organs was inferred. PMID- 7136400 TI - [Pathogenesis and hemodynamic significance of veno-arterial reaction in diabetic microcirculation disorders]. AB - In human diabetes mellitus, functional microangiopathy starts with venule dilatation, the cause of which is unknown. The results of comparative measurements of animals with alloxan diabetes verify also an increase in the arterio-venous calibre relation. As studied vital-microscopically, these alterations are due to venule congestion and passive dilatation as a consequence or red cell aggregation and an increase in the viscosity of blood. The increase of the flow resistance on the postcapillary side depends only on rheological but not on nervous-humoral factors, which leads by means of a veno-arterial reaction to increased constrictions of the arterioles. PMID- 7136401 TI - Antihypertensive drugs alter the production and the ratio of prostaglandins E and F in the organs of spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 7136403 TI - Participation of thalamic nuclei in the elaboration of conditioned avoidance reflexes of rats. VIII. Lesions of the nucleus posterior. AB - Bilateral symmetric lesions of the posterior thalamic nucleus reduced the preoperatively learnt avoidance responses in Long-Evans hooded rats strongly. Postoperative acquisition of conditioned avoidance reflexes was rather low in each rat in a simple runway and impossible in an alternation task. Thresholds of reactions to pain (withdrawal of paws from the grid floor) were significantly increased. The lesioned rats had trouble to find the way out, as if they had difficulties to localize the source of punishment or to associate pain information with any other cues. PMID- 7136402 TI - [Production and characterization of antisera against O,O-diethyl-O-(p nitrophenyl)-phosphate (paraoxon)]. AB - Methods for the production of antibodies against Paraoxon in rabbits are described. The highest-titre antisera were produced with conjugates containing a succinyl spacer group with a degree of derivatisation between 8 and 12 haptens per albumin molecule. The antibody response was tested by immunoprecipitation in agar gel with a hapten-rabbit-albumin-complex and by a radioimmunoassay. The synthesis of 125I labelled tracers is reported. The most potent antisera bound 50% of the radioactive tracer after 1:10(5) dilution and showed apparent affinity constants of 10(6) to 10(7) M-1 for Paraoxon. Compared to Paraoxon these antisera possessed cross reactivities with Parathion of 8.8 to 13.8%, with Methylparathion of 0.35 to 0.82%, and with Dimethoat of 0.0006 to 0.0012%. PMID- 7136404 TI - Reaction of chemical probes with phosphatidylethanolamine of liver microsomes. PMID- 7136405 TI - Dolichol distribution and biosynthesis in hepatocytes. PMID- 7136406 TI - Traumatically induced hypophosphataemia in anaesthetized pigs. AB - Clinical studies in severely injured patients have regularly shown hypophosphataemia probably directly related to the humoral response to trauma. In this study 72 anaesthetized pigs were exposed to a standardized missile trauma to find out whether the same type of change could be induced in an experimental animal as far as possible in the absence of other factors known to cause hypophosphataemia. The serum phosphate, calcium, and albumin concentrations and the fractional excretion of phosphate were recorded for 72 hours after inflicting the injury. The fall in serum phosphate after trauma follows a biphasic pattern, with a rapid drop immediately after the injury, a brief increase, and then a gradual slow decrease with a minimum at the end of the experimental period. This decrease was not caused by glucose infusion or phosphaturia due to haemodilution and increase in extracellular volume. The results support the hypothesis that hypophosphataemia in the posttraumatic period is caused by the humoral response to trauma. A new experimental model has been developed for the study of posttraumatic metabolic events. PMID- 7136407 TI - Changes in serum phosphate and calcitonin concentrations during elective surgery of the knee. AB - Hypophosphataemia in connection with surgical trauma is most commonly ascribed to parenteral nutrition, glucose infusion, or haemodilution. We have earlier shown that patients with severe burns develop hypophosphataemia irrespective of such causes, and have introduced the theory that hypophosphataemia can result from the humoral response to trauma. In the present work, 10 otherwise healthy patients undergoing elective surgical treatment of old knee-ligament injuries were examined pre-, per-, and postoperatively with regard to phosphate, calcium, and magnesium homeostasis and hormones regulating this (parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, catecholamines). During operation we noted a significant and rapid fall in serum phosphate concentration, accompanied by increased secretion of calcitonin and catecholamines and a significant fall in serum magnesium. Unchanged fractional and total urinary phosphate excretion indicated that the fall in serum phosphate concentration was mainly due to prerenal causes. PMID- 7136408 TI - Blood pressure responses associated with hemorrhagic shock in anesthetized rats. AB - Blood pressure responses to noradrenaline were studied in anesthetised rats subjected to hypovolemia by a constant pressure--open reservoir technique. Hypovolemia resulted in a decrease of the noradrenaline response, which correlated well to the length of the hypovolemic period and to the arterial perfusion pressure when lower than 60 mmHg. Early after retransfusion of the shed blood the pressure response to noradrenaline continued to decrease and began to recover only after additional 30-60 min. The decline in blood pressure response to noradrenaline during hemorrhagic shock was not significantly altered by adrenalectomy, infusion of various metabolic substrates, such as fat emulsion, Na pyruvate or ATP-MgCl2, or by protection against respiratory and metabolic acidosis. The results imply that high levels of circulating catecholamines, substrate exhaustion and acidosis may be regarded as secondary factors rather than primary causes of decreased blood pressure response and development of irreversible hemorrhagic shock, and they stress the importance of adequate tissue perfusion in the protection against these disorders. PMID- 7136409 TI - Plasma motilin levels in patients with abdominal surgery. AB - Plasma motilin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay both pre- and postoperatively in 37 patients who underwent abdominal surgery. In 8 colorectal cancer patients with tumor removal and in 13 stomach cancer patients with total gastrectomy by Roux-en-Y anastomosis or subtotal gastrectomy of Billroth I anastomosis, the motilin levels decreased before the onset of postoperative peristalsis, and at the time when peristaltic sounds could be detected stethoscopically, the plasma motilin levels had increased by 200% of the preoperative level. Similar motilin levels were maintained until the time of the initial postoperative flatus and/or stool. Thereafter, plasma motilin levels decreased and returned to almost the same levels as the preoperative ones. The postoperative time course of plasma motilin in 10 gallstone patients was very similar to that in the 21 gastrointestinal cancer patients above. In 5 stomach cancer patients with subtotal gastrectomy of Billroth II anastomosis, however, the peak at the time of the initial postoperative peristalsis was not as remarkable as that in the 13 stomach cancer patients. PMID- 7136411 TI - The incidence of acute appendicitis and appendectomy. An epidemiological study of 971 cases. AB - The incidence of acute appendicitis was studied in a well defined population. Results from 971 appendectomies performed on suspicion of appendicitis, comprising 955 primary and 16 interval operations, were collected over a four year period. Appendicitis was diagnosed in 657 cases and the mean yearly incidence was 1.16 per thousand. The incidence in males was 1.33 per thousand versus 0.99 for females. The difference was statistically significant (p = 0.0002). The mean yearly incidences of appendectomies were 1.72 per thousand for males and 1.71 for females. The highest incidences of both appendicitis and appendectomies for both sexes occurred in the second decade of life (2.34/1,000 and 3.63/1,000 per annum, respectively). Slight increases in the frequencies of appendicitis and appendectomies were noticed in the very old patients. There were no differences between the results of this study and other recent comparable reports. Compared with earlier studies there was no marked decline in the incidence of appendicitis. PMID- 7136413 TI - Obstruction of appendix vermiformis causing acute appendicitis. An experimental study in the rabbit. AB - In an experimental model using the rabbit, the role of obstruction in the pathogenesis of acute appendicitis was studied. Twenty-one animals were anaesthesized and underwent laparotomy. The appendices were obstructed by a balloon catheter introduced via a caecostomy. Pressures inside the obstructed appendices were measured by a balloon at the tip of the catheter. The abdominal cavity was closed, anaesthesia was continued, and pressure were registered regularly up to 12 hours afterwards in those animals which remained alive during this period. The animals were then sacrificed, and at autopsy evidence of obstruction, distention and inflammatory changes, both gross and microscopic, was registered. In a total of 15 rabbits, experimental obstruction of the appendix resulted in inflammatory changes in the wall of the appendix, which histologically in all respects were similar to appendicitis in man. In the remaining 6 rabbits, either spontaneous release of obstruction or death early during the experiment occurred. Our experimental data suggest that obstruction is an important agent in the causation of acute appendicitis. PMID- 7136412 TI - Acute appendicitis: a clinical study of 1018 cases of emergency appendectomy. PMID- 7136410 TI - The role of Bacteroides fragilis in the pathogenesis of acute appendicitis. AB - The predominant bacteria from 50 inflamed human appendices were isolated. Anaerobic bacteria were isolated more frequently than aerobic bacteria ( 141 versus 96 isolates). E. coli was the most common aerobic genus (47 out of 50 patients). Bacteria belonging to the B. fragilis groups (B. Fragilis, B. ovatus, B. distasonis, B. thetaiotaomicron, B. vulgatus and B. uniformis) were the most frequently isolated anaerobic microorganisms (87 of 141 strains), and B. fragilis predominated within this group (24 out of 87 strains). There were no significant differences in the numbers and types of bacteria found in three patients groups (Group A--19 phlegmonous; Group B--19 gangrenous; and Group C--12 perforative appendicitis cases). Serological investigations of the humoral antibody responses (IFL) against the predominant bacteria in the three patient groups showed that a doubling, or more, of the titer was observed in the following cases: against B. fragilis, 3 out of 8 patients (Group A); 5 out of 7 patients (Group B); and 7 out of 7 patients (Group C). The corresponding figures for E. coli were 4 out of 18, 3 out of 17, and 5 out of 12 patients. Only minor responses against the remaining aerobic and anaerobic isolates were measured. From the bacteriological and immunological results we conclude that (1) the B. fragilis group were the predominant bacteria in diseased appendices; (2) that significant antibody responses were only observed against B. fragilis; (3) that the response increased with the degree of organ destruction and the length of time elapsed from the onset of the symptoms; (4) that B. fragilis is likely to play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute appendicitis, provided that other predisposing factors, such as a deterioration of the blood circulation in the appendiceal wall, are present. PMID- 7136414 TI - An oral amino acid loading test before and after intestinal bypass operation for morbid obesity. AB - Blood samples were taken from six overweight women after an overnight fast on three different occasions, before an jejunoileal bypass operation and 1 and 6 months after the operation. The preoperative levels of several plasma free amino acids were significantly elevated, e.g. leucine, isoleucine, valine, lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, proline and glutamic acid. One month after the operation all indispensable plasma amino acid concentrations had fallen, in particular the levels of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), lysine and tryptophan. Among the dispensable amino acids, plasma tyrosine, arginine and ornithine concentrations were significantly reduced. No further changes of significance were observed in samples taken 5 months later. A close correlation was observed between the plasma levels of retinol-binding protein (RBP) and thyroxine-binding prealbumin (TBPA). One month after the operation the levels of RBP and TBPA had fallen slightly in two subjects and substantially in one subject. A test diet, containing crystalline amino acids, glucose and fat emulsion was given before operation and twice after the operation. Plasma amino acid changes were studied for a period of 2 hours after the meal. The increases in plasma levels following the test meal were lower for many amino acids after the operation. A linear correlation was found between the postprandial increases in BCAA concentrations and the levels of RBP and TBPA. By using complete, carefully defined diets in loading tests, it should be possible to screen for glucose tolerance and amino acid and lipid malabsorption. PMID- 7136415 TI - The value of conventional barium enema of the colon in patients with haemorrhoids. AB - A conventional barium enema of the colon was performed in 300 patients with haemorrhoids referred to a surgical department. No malignancies were detected by X-ray, while one cancer of the rectum was revealed by sigmoidoscopy. It is concluded that barium enema should not be used as a routine but only in patients with symptoms which cannot be explained by haemorrhoids. PMID- 7136417 TI - Abdominal trauma and laparotomy in 158 patients. A comparative study of penetrating and blunt injury. AB - A comparative study of 158 patients laparotomized for abdominal trauma is presented. 96 had a penetrating and 62 patients a blunt abdominal injury. 95% of the former group was stabbed with a knife and 56% had signs of alcohol intoxication. The blunt trauma patients were in all the studied respects more difficult to handle than those with a penetrating injury. They were older, arrived later at the hospital, were often in shock, more difficult to diagnose and therefore, operated on later, had more severe and associated injuries, had to be given more blood, were more often treated in the I.C.U., developed more severe postoperative complications, were hospitalized longer and had a higher mortality rate. PMID- 7136416 TI - Benign liver tumors and oral contraceptives. PMID- 7136418 TI - The role of endoscopic pancreatography in pancreatic ascites. AB - Pancreatic ascites due to chronic pancreatitis and pancreaticoperitoneal fistula in three patients is reported. The diagnoses were based on amylases in the ascitic fluid. An exact localization of the leakage of pancreatic juice by endoscopic retrograde pancreatography made a rational approach to therapy possible. PMID- 7136419 TI - Alcohol influence and head injury. PMID- 7136420 TI - Distribution of renal cortical and Medullary tissue oxygenation in hemorrhagic shock. AB - Renal cortical and medullary tissue oxygen tension, systemic oxygen supply as well as central and renal hemodynamics were investigated in dogs during graded hemorrhage and subsequent reinfusion of shed blood. The measurements of tissue gas tension were carried out by means of implanted Silastic tubes. The baseline renal cortical PO2 was 35 mmHg and the corresponding medullary PO2 25 mmHg. The lowest mean cortical and medullary oxygen tensions--8 and 12 mmHg, respectively- were recorded during the severest hypotension at 40% blood loss. After reinfusions of shed blood the cortical PO2 underwent a transient increase to the original preshock level decreasing slowly thereafter. Concomitantly, the medullary PO2 reached the prehemorrhage value remaining then stationary until the end of the experiment. Arterial blood PO2 was normal throughout the study. Renal venous PO2 fell during the deepest shock but consistently exceeded the corresponding tissue PO2 levels. It is concluded that hemorrhagic hypotension impaired tissue oxygenation of both cortex and medulla, the effect being greatest in the cortex. PMID- 7136421 TI - Nontoxic goitre. I. Surgical complications and longterm prognosis. AB - In the period 1960-1968, 182 patients underwent surgery for nontoxic goitre at Roskilde County Hospital. The total frequency of peroperative complications was 10%. After a mean interval of 16.4 years, 162 of the patients could be followed up and 86% expressed satisfaction with the result of thyroid surgery. Only two patients (1.2%) had longterm sequelae in the form of voice problems and calcium requirements. No thyroid cancer appeared in the observation period. In 19% there was recurrence of benign goitre. The interval to recurrence was 1 month to 14 years. PMID- 7136422 TI - Nontoxic goitre. II. A study of the pituitary-thyroid axis in 14 recurrent cases. AB - Of 182 patients operated on for nontoxic goitre, 162 could be followed up after a mean period of 16.4 years. In 31 (19%) of the 162 patients the goitre had recurred. No patient had received regular thyroid-substitution therapy postoperatively. Of the 31 recurrences, 14 had not been treated at the time of follow-up. These 14 patients were matched with controls (without recurrence) from the original series, according to sex, age and time of operation. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), serum thyroxin (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroid antibodies were determined in both groups. There were no intergroup differences as regards TSH and T4, which were within normal range. T3 values were elevated in both groups, but were significantly higher in the patients with goitre recurrence than in their control group. Routine postoperative use of thyroid-substitution therapy is not supported by the findings in this study. PMID- 7136423 TI - The posterior approach for subfascial ligation of perforating veins. AB - A posterior midline incision was used for subfascial ligation of incompetent medial and lateral perforating veins in 57 limbs. The indications for surgery were recurrent ulceration in 41 limbs and severe skin changes in 16 limbs. At follow-up two years or more after surgery 48 limbs remained free from ulceration. Wound infection (7%) and necrosis (12%) healed with conservative treatment. In our experience the posterior approach is a good alternative to other methods for ligation of incompetent perforating veins in patients with advanced skin changes, including active ulceration. PMID- 7136425 TI - The relative rate of wound healing in longitudinal and transverse laparotomy incisions. Animal experiments. AB - The wound healing of longitudinal and transverse laparotomy incisions was investigated in rabbits. The longitudinal incision was made in the linea alba cranially and caudally to the umbilicus, and the transverse at the level of the umbilicus. The mechanical testing was performed with a materials testing machine (Alvetron). In order to eliminate the influence on the different incisions of different forces acting upon them the mechanical characteristics of the wounds were expressed in per cent of those from the intact tissues. The measurements of the relative energy absorption displayed no significant difference between healing transverse (comprising rectus muscle) and longitudinal incision wounds. When the rectus wound is excluded, the transverse incision was more resistant to rupture than the longitudinal during the 28 days of wound healing studied. A comparison between the present results and those from investigations of holding power of tissues against suture shows, that the transverse incision should be preferred to the linea alba incision. PMID- 7136424 TI - Occurrence of lateral incompetent perforating veins of the calf. Usefulness of the posterior midline incision. AB - This investigation is an evaluation of the posterior approach for subfascial ligation of incompetent perforating veins (IPV) of the calf. The distribution of veins found incompetent at operation and the incidence of wound complications were studied. 39 patients with clinical multiple perforating vein insufficiency were operated on. At the end of the operation the crural fascia was sutured in half of them. The tissue pressure in the gastrocnemius muscle was measured in 13 patients postoperatively. 151 IPVs were found in the 39 legs operated on (3.8/ leg). 25% were found on the lateral side, and were inaccessible from a medial incision. Postoperative infection was noted in 3 patients and in a further 6 mostly minor skin necrosis with delayed healing occurred. The incidence of delayed healing was not influenced by fascia suture and the tissue pressure was normal in the 13 patients so examined. The posterior incision gives excellent access to both medial and lateral IPVs and makes possible resection of the short saphenous vein at the same time. This approach is useful when ulcers and stasis dermatitis are present on both medial and lateral sides or when there are medial IPVs and signs of incompetence of the short saphenous vein. PMID- 7136427 TI - Surgery for gallstones in old age: do we operate too late? AB - Out of 59 patients of 70 years of age or more submitted consecutively to operative treatment for gallstone disease, 25 patients (42%) had histories of more than one year's duration. Jaundice had been present or was observed in 32 patients (54%) and acute cholecystitis was found in 21 (41%). Choledocholithiasis was found in 32 patients (54%). The patients with complications had significantly longer had symptoms of gallstones than patients without complications. The mortality was 12% (7 patients). Four of these were submitted to operation as an emergency and three were submitted to operation subacutely because of deterioration in their general condition. In cases submitted to elective operation the mortality was thus nil. On the basis of these results and review of the literature, it is concluded that complications of gallstone disease are less well tolerated in elderly patients than in younger patients. In cases where elective operation is possible, elderly patients seem to have just as good a prognosis as slightly younger age groups. Our material seems to indicate that, probably because of their age, elderly patients have their operation postponed despite symptoms of gallstones, until a complication occurs. If this is so it might be questioned whether we operate on these patients too late. PMID- 7136426 TI - Repair of incisional hernias by F. Langenskiold's operation. AB - One hundred and fifteen patients underwent the Fabian Langenskiold repair of an incisional hernia. 81 patients were studied retrospectively in a physical examination by the authors. The follow-up period ranged from 12 months to 15 years, with a mean of 6 years and 2 months. Wound infection occurred in 35.8%. Small herniations and recurrencies were observed in 31%. Five patients had large recurrent hernias (6.2%) reaching preoperative size. Despite the high rate of recurrencies and infections this method was found valuable because it enables restoring of a firm abdominal wall even in large incisional hernias without implantation of foreign materials. PMID- 7136428 TI - Biliary manometry in patients with post-cholecystectomy syndrome. PMID- 7136429 TI - Clinical course and autopsy findings in acute and chronic pancreatitis. AB - A retrospective study of 314 patients hospitalized for pancreatitis in the period 1972-1973, showed that 74 (24%) had died in the course of five years. The aim of the study was to elucidate the etiology and the course of the pancreatitis and the immediate cause of death in the 61 cases where an autopsy was performed. There were three types of histopathological findings at autopsy concerning the pancreas: acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis and one group with no or minimal changes in the pancreas. The last group had had typical clinical symptoms of pancreatitis with abdominal pain and elevated urine and/or serum amylase, in many patients a very marked rise. Alcoholism was the dominant predisposing factor, regardless of the type of histopathological findings, but when the first attack of pancreatitis appeared at advanced age, biliary tract disease and cancer were the dominant causes. Liver damage was a common finding in alcoholic pancreatitis. PMID- 7136430 TI - Passage of molecules through the wall of the gastrointestinal tract. Intestinal permeability to polyethyleneglycol 1 000 in patients with Crohn's disease. AB - We have investigated the intestinal permeability to polyethyleneglycol (PEG) 1 000 in 25 healthy individuals and 28 patients with Crohn's disease who had undergone ileocolic resection. The intestinal permeability was determined by measuring the 6-hour urinary recovery after oral intake of 10 g PEG 1 000. The patients with Crohn's disease excreted significantly less (p less than 0.001) PEG 1 000 than the healthy individuals (33.7 +/- 16.0 per thousand of the ingested dose vs. 48.6 +/- 15.5 per thousand). There was a correlation between the urinary output and the length of ileal resection, but no difference in output between patients with and without recurrent disease or episodic arthralgia. These findings indicate that, although the gut is considerably permeable to larger, polar molecules, and permeability to PEG 1 000 in Crohn's disease is not increased over that in healthy individuals and appears unrelated to the presence of recurrence and arthralgia. PMID- 7136431 TI - Effect of a low-fat diet and antidiarrhoeal agents on bowel habits after excisional surgery for classical Crohn's disease. AB - The effect of dietary restriction and/or antidiarrhoeal agents on the bowel habits in relation to amount of ileal resection was studied in 63 patients after excisional surgery for classical Crohn's disease. Satisfactory function, i.e. one to three bowel movements per day was achieved in all patients with a moderate distal ileal resection (less than 100 cm) after such treatment. One quarter of these patients preferred codein phosphate or diphenoxylate and about one half a low fat diet, either alone or in combination with the above mentioned drugs. About one quarter did not need any form of anti-diarrhoeal therapy. In patients with a more extensive distal small bowel resection (greater than 100 cm), codein phosphate or diphenoxylate was mostly ineffective to control diarrhoea. However, by means of a low fat diet satisfactory bowel habits were achieved in the majority of these patients, although many of them had to combine this treatment with additional amounts of anti-diarrhoeal drugs. Thus, the result was considered unsatisfactory only in three of the 17 patients receiving such a treatment. Two of these patients were previously cholecystectomized however, and the third patient had been subjected to an almost 80% small bowel resection. Low fat diet appears to be an effective therapy for regulation of the disturbances in bowel function occurring after ileal resection and has a particularly important place in patients with extensive resections. PMID- 7136432 TI - Acute appendicitis during the first three years of life. AB - 49 children younger than 3 years old and treated for acute appendicitis were investigated retrospectively. The symptoms of this age group are general and diarrhea is not uncommon. Examination of the urine including microscopy should always be performed. The white cell count in peripheral blood is of doubtful value in diagnosing acute appendicitis. A roentgenographic examination of the abdomen was helpful in 78% of the patients studied. The correct diagnosis was delayed in 43% of the cases and this extended the observation time by 2.9 +/- 2.4 days. The appendix was perforated in 79%, complications occurred in 18% and there was no mortality. A high degree of alertness seems essential for the early diagnosis of acute appendicitis in this age group. PMID- 7136433 TI - Acute right heart failure as a complication of a central venous catheter. A case report. PMID- 7136434 TI - Intravascular foreign body in subclavian vein catheterization by the Seldinger technique. PMID- 7136435 TI - Desmoid tumor in the abdominal wall after treatment with high dose estradiol for prostatic cancer. PMID- 7136436 TI - A comparison of suprapubic and transurethral drainage for postoperative urinary retention in general surgical patients. AB - Percutaneous suprapubic bladder drainage, using an indwelling Silastic catheter, was compared with transurethral catheterization for the management of postoperative urinary retention in general surgical patients. In a prospective controlled trail, the overall incidence of postoperative retention was 7%. The urinary infection rate was 70% with transurethral catheterization and 8% with suprapubic drainage. Patients accepted suprapubic damage much more readily than transurethral cateterization and both medical and nursing personnel found the former method easier to manage effectively. Also, the patients' ability to pass urine spontaneously could be assessed without removing the catheter. However, minor mechanical complications were more common with suprapubic drainage. The cost of the two systems is comparable. We conclude that the routine use of suprapubic catheter drainage in the management of postoperative urinary retention significantly reduces the incidence of infection and is the preferred method of treating this common complication. PMID- 7136437 TI - Primary fracture immobilization as a method to prevent post-traumatic pulmonary changes- an experimental model. AB - Post-traumatic pulmonary insufficiency or "respiratory distress syndrome" (RDS) is one of the most feared complications of severe trauma. The aetiology is probably multifactorial, and is obscure. Although modern treatment has reduced the mortality, there is no certain way of preventing the syndrome. The aim of the investigation was to develop an experimental model on anaesthetized pigs subjected to trauma and folllowed up for 3-4 days, still under anaesthesia, the repeated lung X-rays and post-mortem naked-eye and histological examination of lung tissue. 26 pigs were used. 12 (Group I) were subjected to missile trauma of a limb, with a fracture that was left without immobilization. 10 were treated similarly but with immobilization of the fracture (Group II). Four control animals were prepared and observed under anaesthesia but no trauma was inflicted (Group III). In Group I, all but two developed, 10-70 h after the injury, roentgen and morphological changes identical to those seen in patients with clinically documented RDS. No such changes were seen in the controls or in Group II. With our experimental model it seems possible to induce in experimental animals roentgen and morphological changes corresponding to RDS in man. The method provides new means of studying the mechanisms behind and the effects of different forms of treatment in RDS. The results also support the hypothesis that early immobilization of fractures is an important step in preventing RDS. PMID- 7136439 TI - The significance of patient's age and sex in the interpretation of signs and symptoms in clinically suspected acute deep vein thrombosis. AB - 876 consecutive patients with clinically suspected acute deep vein thrombosis (DVR) in the leg were studied with an ascending phlebography, and the patient's age and sex were correlated to the phlebographic diagnosis. In unoperated patients a thrombus was demonstrated significantly more often in males and in older patients than in females and in younger patients. In operated patients no correlation could be noted between the phlebographic diagnosis and patients's age and sex, but a thrombus was demonstrated significantly more often in operated than in unoperated patients. The results suggest that signs and symptoms of thrombosis are less reliable in females and younger patients than in males and older patients, when a DVT is suspected clinically in unoperated patients. PMID- 7136438 TI - Phantom breast syndrome in young women after mastectomy for breast cancer. Physical, social and psychological aspects. AB - Phantom breast syndrome (PBS) developed in 11 out of 31 (35.5%) consecutive young women, who had undergone mastectomy for breast cancer. Six to 21 months after operation the patients were asked to take part in a follow-up investigation in which physical sequelae, social condition, and psychological reactions were assessed and related to the presence of PBS. There was no correlation between PBS and postsurgical physical sequelae, those who had received adjuvant radiotherapy, or the side on which mastectomy was performed. Socially, the group with PBS was dominated by women with an occupation outside the home. The psychological examination showed that the group with PBS had a definite predominance of women with a severely damaged body image and impaired sexual function in comparison to the group without PBS. However, the predominance did not reach a statistically significant level. Sexual identity, anxiety, affective disorder or changes in close family relationships did not reveal any distinct pattern. In our opinion, the appearance of PBS should be seen in relation to complex psychological reactions to the mastectomy. PMID- 7136440 TI - The prognostic significance of weight loss and its integration in stage-grouping of oesophageal cancer. AB - 166 patients suffering from oesophageal cancer were subdivided into two groups with respect to weight loss. Survival of patients with less than or equal to 10% weight loss was significantly longer than in patients with greater 10% weight loss. Within the group with less than or equal 10% weight loss, patients in initial poor physical condition who improved on parenteral nutrition did as well as those in a spontaneously good condition. 159 could be stage-grouped according to the UICC classification. This classification did not give a clear-cut stratification with respect to survival. If the patients were reclassified into three stages in a system combining UICC stages with degree of weight loss, significant differences in survival between the individual stages could be obtained. It is recommended that the degree of weight loss is integrated in the stage-grouping of oesophageal cancer. PMID- 7136441 TI - Factors influencing survival in patients with cancer of the stomach. A multivariate analysis. PMID- 7136443 TI - Torsio appendicis vermiformis. Report of an unusual case. AB - Torsion of the appendix vermiformis is a rare condition, that clinically simulates an acute appendicitis with sudden severe symptoms. This report describes a case of a 540-degree twisted appendix, that gave rise to prolonged, vague symptoms. This clinical picture has not been described before. PMID- 7136442 TI - Serum glycosyl transferases and carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with colorectal carcinoma in different stages. PMID- 7136444 TI - Traumatic intimal tear of the renal artery without thrombosis. AB - After a skiing accident a 15-year-old boy contracted a 1 cm long intimal tear of the distal part of the main renal artery on the left side demonstrated angiographically. Radiorenography showed a curve compatible with partial obstruction from the injured kidney while the other side was normal. The operation was delayed for 5 days and renewed preoperative angiography showed the same picture as 4 days previously. At operation it was found that an approximately 1 cm long segment of the intima was completely detached from the arterial wall. The loose fragments were removed and the distal intimal ends secured to the vascular wall. The longitudinal arteriotomy was closed directly without vein patch. The postoperative course was uneventful and repeated post operative radiorenograms have shown normal registrations from the left kidney. This case illustrates that an intimal tear may stay open for 5 days and that it can be successfully treated by simple removal of the loose fragments. PMID- 7136445 TI - Breast tumour. An unusual manifestation of a carcinoma of the stomach. AB - A 59-year-old woman presented with an infiltration in the left breast and a large mass of enlarged lymph nodes on the left side of the neck. Radiological and histological examinations showed that the breast involvement was a mastitis carcinomatosa secondary to a carcinoma of the stomach. A review of the literature revealed ten earlier cases of metastases to the breast from a primary carcinoma of the stomach. The cases are discussed especially concerning the way of tumour spread. PMID- 7136446 TI - Presence of melatonin in various cat brainstem nuclei determined by radioimmunoassay. AB - Microdissected samples of juvenile cat brain tissue were assayed for melatonin content using a double antibody radioimmunoassay. Immunoreactive melatonin was consistently detected, albeit in variable amounts, in pineal, habenula, the region of the nucleus gracilis, gigantocellular reticular formation of the pons and medulla oblongata. Among the negative areas were raphe nuclei, substantia nigra and locus caeruleus. These findings suggest that melatonin may play a role in some structures of the central nervous system outside the pineal-hypothalamo pituitary axis. This immunoreactive melatonin could reflect a local synthesis, or a tissular uptake of melatonin from blood or cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 7136447 TI - Benserazide and nomifensine in the diagnosis of prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas. AB - Benserazide, an inhibitor of dopa-decarboxylase, stimulates prolactin (Prl) release in normal women and in puerperae; nomifensine, a dopaminergic drug able to release dopamine and to inhibit its re-uptake at the post-synaptic level, inhibits Prl release in the same subjects. Similar modifications of Prl release are evident in selected cases of non-tumoral hyperprolactinaemia, while neither drug modifies Prl release in patients with a Prl-secreting pituitary adenoma, in patients with 'functional' hyperprolactinaemia and in patients with 'functional' hyperprolactinaemia and in patients with minor abnormalities of sellar tomography. Neither drug modified Prl release in patients with macro- or microadenomas; several patients in the remaining groups failed to respond to one or both tests, the concordance between the two tests averaging 75%. Patients responding to both tests, to one test or to neither test showed progressively higher basal Prl levels. Since benserazide and nomifensine can indicate the presence of a pituitary adenoma earlier than sellar tomography, our results indicate that patients with no Prl response to one or to both tests probably harbour a pituitary adenoma which cannot yet be revealed by sellar tomography. PMID- 7136448 TI - Dissociation of growth and function in the rat thyroid during prolonged goitrogen administration. AB - This study was designed to investigate the changes in growth and function which occur in the rat thyroid during prolonged TSH stimulation. Animals maintained on the goitrogen aminotriazole were sacrificed together with controls at frequent intervals over a period of 5 months. The levels of serum T3 and T4 and TSH were measured by radioimmunoassay. Functional activity was assessed by measurement of the thyroid/serum iodide ratio (T/S) and growth by measurement of thyroid weight, follicular cell number and follicular cell mitotic activity. Serum T3 and T4 rapidly fell to undetectable levels within 2 weeks. The level of serum TSH rose to a stable 5-fold maximum after 4 weeks. The T/S ratio followed a closely similar pattern rising to a sustained 7-fold maximum. Thyroid weight and follicular cell number increased rapidly for the first few weeks but the growth rate declined progressively, falling almost to zero after 80 days. Mitotic activity rose dramatically to a 30-fold peak after 7 days but then declined almost to normal after 80 days, consistent with the observed change in cell number. The results thus demonstrate a clear dissociation between the functional and proliferative activity of the thyroid follicular cells during prolonged stimulation by a sustained elevation of serum TSH and point to the existence of specific growth regulating mechanisms which limit the mitotic response. PMID- 7136449 TI - Growth and maturation in pseudo-hypoparathyroidism: a longitudinal study in 5 patients. AB - In 4 girls and 1 boy with pseudo-hypoparathyroidism growth and physical maturation were followed longitudinally for 7-13 years until adult height had been reached. As a result of early puberty and cessation of growth all patients were relatively shorter as adults than in their childhood years. The difference between average height at the age of 8.0 years and average adult height was 2.25 SD. This observation offers an explanation for the finding in the literature that short stature is more common in adults with this disease than in children. Skeletal age was advanced in all cases and the development of the tubular bones of the hand was more advanced than the development of the round bones. It is possible that this difference resulted from inappropriately early closure of the epiphyseal discs of disproportionally short metacarpals and phalanges. On the other hand it may be an aspecific phenomenon of advanced skeletal maturation. PMID- 7136450 TI - Potentiation by prolactin of the luteotrophic effect of oestradiol in the pregnant rat. PMID- 7136451 TI - [Clinico-manometric correlation in esophageal involvement of progressive systemic sclerosis]. AB - The esophageal response studied in the systemic illness has been developed clearly in the body of the esophagus as well as in the lower esophageal sphincter, showing important alterations in the peristalsis and a significant fall of lower esophageal sphincter pressure, proving conditions such as those in which gastro-esophageal reflux is produced. The authors studied the esophageal motility in 10 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis by electromanometry by means of an open-tipped catheters system. They found that the pressure of the inferior esophageal sphincter was altered in the 100 per cent of the cases; in 50% of the patients there was a lack of peristaltic waves and in the remaining 50% the middle pressure was less than in normal subjects. It was observed dysquinethic waves in 40% of the cases. The intensity of the epidermic compromise is no related with alterations in the esophageal functioning. PMID- 7136452 TI - [Types of duodenal ulcer according to antrum function: its relation to the gastric acid secretory capacity and blood group. Therapeutic implication]. AB - A series of duodenal ulcer patients was studied to determine the relationship of the integrated postprandial gastrin response with the maximal acid secretory capacity, the ABO blood groups, age of onset of ulcer dyspepsia, and the family history of ulcer dyspepsia of the patients. It was found that: 1. The A, B, AB duodenal ulcer patients had a significantly higher maximal acid gastric secretory capacity (P less than 0.001), significantly earlier age of onset of ulcer dyspepsia (P less than 0.001) and significantly stronger family history of dyspepsia (P less than 0.05) than those patients with O blood group. 2. The integrated gastrin response was significantly higher in "hipersecreting" duodenal ulcer patients (secreted more than 25 mMol/h in response to histamine) than in "normosecreting" duodenal ulcer patients (secreted less than 25 mMol/h) (P less than 0.001) but the values for the latter were not different from normal subjects. 3. There was not statistical significant difference between the mean values of the basal serum gastrim levels of normosecreting duodenal ulcer patients, the hypersecreting duodenal ulcer patients and the normal subjects. 4. A significant positive correlation exists between the maximal acid output and integrated postprandial gastrin response in duodenal ulcer patients. (P less than 0.001). This correlation was negative in the normal subjects (P less than 0.01). 5. This finding supports the existence of a positive relationship between the functioning parietal cell and gastrin cell masses. PMID- 7136453 TI - [Ursodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of gallbladder lithiasis]. AB - 22 patients with radiolucid stones and functioning gallbladder were grouped to establish ursodeoxycholic acid efficacy (i.e. gallstones dissolution) and innocuousness for gallbladder lithiasis. Methodological aspects were detailed, the dose determined (8 and 10 mg/k/d.) and the patients evaluated after a six months' treatment. 11 patients received "day-time" doses and the other 11 "overnight" dose. Only 7 subjects turned out to be evaluated for the study of biliary lipids, to the other 15 the development of their gallstones was followed up. Successful gallstone dissolution was achieved in 8 patients (53,3%), 2 reduced size and number. 5 out of these 8 patients received "day-time" doses and the other 3 "overnight" doses. From an attendance point of view, we do not consider biliary lipids study (bile cholesterol saturation rate) to be necessary. PMID- 7136454 TI - [Endoscopic sphincterotomy as a treatment in residual lithiasis of the choledochus]. AB - In this report, the clinical aspects of the residual lithiasis of the choledoch duct, as well as the complications, the diagnosis and the treatment, are developed. The used of endoscopic sphincterotomy is underlined, along with a description of the technique, its indications and contraindications considering this one as the method of choice in the treatment. The experience obtained in ten cases is described in which this method is utilized with success and without complications. PMID- 7136455 TI - [Lymphomatous polyposis of the digestive tract]. AB - A case of multiple lymphomatous polyposis of the gastrointestinal tract is presented. The recent literature on this type of lymphoma is reviewed. Also summarized are the clinical findings, diagnostic procedures, current methods of treatment and prognosis of these patients. Diarrhea upon admission, lead us to a complete work up finally to the correct diagnosis. The lack of symptoms of this patient was in contrast with most of the cases reviewed, so the diagnosis was mainly based on the endoscopic findings (colonoscopy and esofago-gastro duodenoscopy). It is emphasized the importance of repeated biopsies in case of negative ones, as it occurs in this patient, in which an endoscopic "polypectomy" from the recto-sigmoid area, provided enough material to the pathologist, for the diagnosis, after several "non-diagnostic" biopsies taken previously. Finally the therapy for this entity is updated, with special reference to quemotherapy and a list of drugs combination is given. PMID- 7136456 TI - [Active and passive immunization in viral hepatitis A and B]. PMID- 7136457 TI - [Long-term survivors with acute leukemia in Japan--the 7th Nationwide Survey]. PMID- 7136458 TI - [Pathogenesis of leukopenia in systemic lupus erythematosus (I). Effect of prednisolone on colony forming units in culture (CFU-C) growth in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)]. PMID- 7136459 TI - [Pathogenesis of leukopenia in systemic lupus erythematosus (II). Effect of SLE patients' sera and lymphocytes on normal human bone marrow colony forming units in culture (CFU-C)]. PMID- 7136460 TI - [Establishment and characterization of a human myeloma cell line (KMM-1)]. PMID- 7136461 TI - [Intracellular formation of amyloid fibrils in myeloma: cytochemical, immunochemical and electron microscopic observations]. PMID- 7136462 TI - Studies on hemoglobin metabolism: main organ involved and intracellular site of hemoglobin degradation. PMID- 7136463 TI - The Japanese family of congenital hemolytic anemia with high red cell membrane phosphatidyl choline and increased sodium transport. PMID- 7136464 TI - The effect of thymosin on mouse erythroid colony formation. PMID- 7136465 TI - Tissue iron distribution and isoferritin profile in a patient with hereditary sideroblastic anemia. PMID- 7136466 TI - Human bone marrow cells observed under the scanning electron microscope after freeze-cleaving. PMID- 7136467 TI - Human bone marrow sinus: a scanning electron microscopic study. PMID- 7136468 TI - Histological and cytological study on ethylnitrosourea-induced panmyelosis and acute leukemias in Sprague-Dawley rats. PMID- 7136470 TI - Vitamine K-dependent coagulation factors in hepatobiliary diseases. PMID- 7136469 TI - Oral anticoagulants and the metabolism of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. PMID- 7136471 TI - Vitamin K-dependent blood coagulation factors in surgical patients. PMID- 7136473 TI - Normotest screenings and prophylactic oral administration for idiopathic vitamin K deficiency in infancy. PMID- 7136472 TI - Abnormal antigens of factors II, VII and IX in newborns and breast-fed infants with vitamin K deficiency. PMID- 7136474 TI - The effects of vitamin K2 syrup on neonatal hypoprothrombinemia--double blind study. PMID- 7136475 TI - [Diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis in alcoholism]. AB - Alcoholic rhabdomyolysis is only considered to be such a rare disease, because it is often not thought of. When increasing CPK and creatinine levels are found a muscle biopsy should be taken despite a sometimes not typical anamnesis. This is illustrated by the presentation of a case report. Early diagnosis and therapy should make it possible to lower the mortality rate of this disease. PMID- 7136476 TI - [Experimental transmission of rabies to the ferret by an Ixodoidea: Pholeoixodes rugicollis (Schultze and Schlottke, 1929)]. PMID- 7136477 TI - A new genus and two new species of pyroglyphinae (Acari, Astigmata, Pyroglyphidae) from South American birds. PMID- 7136478 TI - [On the arrangement of the branches arising from the aortic arch in the Japanese monkey]. PMID- 7136479 TI - [Dorsal aberrant slips of the levator scapulae, especially on its nerve supply]. PMID- 7136480 TI - [Pseudo-Hakim-Adams syndrome. Neuropsychological study of 23 cases of misdiagnosed Hakim-Adams syndrome]. AB - The authors study the characteristics of a group of 23 patients for whom an initial tentative diagnosis of Hakim-Adams syndrome (H-A syndrome) was eventually rejected. On account of several factors distinguishing these patients from the true H-A group, the authors propose using the term "pseudo Hakim-Adams syndrome". The distinguishing factors include: the grounds for admission, i.e. mental or mnesic deterioration, associated with radiological images of ventricular dilatation; a clinical picture dominated by mental disorders with only rare disorders of gait and sphincter control (several neurological defects were direct consequences of previous cerebral disease); no antecedents of spontaneous meningeal hemorrhage or meningitis in the case history; neuropsychological examination showing fewer disorders of concentration and less dyscalculia and constructive dyspraxia than in true HA, and far more atypical signs of the aphasic and anxio-depressive type. The authors think that various pathological processes may be responsible for this pseudo H-A syndrome in which a predominant mental picture is associated with ventricular dilatation. PMID- 7136481 TI - [EEG in non-traumatic subdural hematoma]. AB - Clinical and EEG data in 44 adult cases of non-traumatic subdural hematoma are reported. Tracings are analysed with reference to consciousness, revealing some very suggestive electrographic aspects. A normal EEG does not rule out the diagnosis. Correct lateralization was established by the EEG in 84% of the cases and there was no incorrect lateralization. Heterolateral suffering reported in the literature must correspond to associated traumatic lesions. Two alpha-type coma tracings, of which one was distinctly asymmetrical, and two tracings comprising generalized paroxysms of triphasic waves are reported. PMID- 7136482 TI - Intellectual function in patients with transient ischaemic attacks (TIA) or minor stroke. Long-term improvement after carotid endarterectomy. AB - Psychological testing was performed in 25 patients (mean age 56 years) with transient ischaemic attacks and/or minor strokes and with angiographically verified internal carotid artery stenosis. The effects of carotid endarterectomy on intellectual functions were evaluated postoperatively at 2 weeks and 8 months respectively. Preoperatively the mean test values were below the normal level for all tests indicating a general intellectual impairment for the group as a whole. This may reflect multi-infarct dementia in statu nascendi. At the early postoperative test session some test results were statistically significantly worse than the preoperative. 8 months postoperatively the mean values for all tests had improved as compared with the preoperative values. This improvement reached a statistically significant level in 6 tests. When the side of operation was considered a pattern emerged: in the 12 patients with left-sided endarterectomies improvement was significant for tests mainly related to left hemisphere function (Word Pairs Test, Story Recall, Trail Making B, Similarities) and in the 13 patients with right-sided endarterectomies significant improvement occurred in the functions mainly related to the right hemisphere (Visual Gestalts, Block Design, Digit Span backwards). This relationship between side of operation and improvement in lateralized functions cannot be explained by retest effects. It is concluded that TIA's and minor strokes per se may impair intellectual function, and that reversal of deterioration and even improved mental state may follow carotid endarterectomy. PMID- 7136483 TI - The effect of carbamazepine on serum immunoglobulin concentrations. AB - Serum IgA, IgG and IgM concentrations were determined in 30 patients with partial epilepsy before and during carbamazepine therapy. None of them had received anti epileptic drugs prior to the study. The IgA and IgM concentrations decreased significantly during the 1st month of treatment (P less than 0.0001). No further decrease was observed during the subsequent 3 months. 15 patients were followed for 8-30 months. The IgA concentrations remained low, while the IgM concentrations tended to increase. However, the IgM concentrations did not reach the levels which were found before carbamazepine was started. Carbamazepine had no influence on the mean IgG serum concentration. There was no relationship between the IgA and IgM concentrations in serum and the serum concentrations of carbamazepine. PMID- 7136484 TI - Pathogenesis of non-traumatic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. AB - 15 consecutive patients with non-traumatic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea were studied. 13 operations were performed on 10 patients. In 8 transcranial operations, an assumed defect in the anterior fossa was plugged with muscle, but only 3 operations were successful. In 4 operations, either transcranial or transsphenoidal, the sella was packed with muscle and rhinorrhea ceased immediately. Based on radiological and operative findings, 3 groups of patients appeared (1) 9 patients had pathology related to the pituitary gland or the sella turcica: enlarged sella, empty sella, pituitary tumour, intrasellar cyst or erosion of the sellar osseous border. (2) 2 patients had rhinorrhea from extrasellar origin. (3) In 4 patients no abnormality could be found. Prior to the rhinorrhea, 6 patients (5 from group 1 and 1 from group 3) had experienced episodes of neurological symptoms, compatible with a pituitary apoplexy. It is suggested that non-traumatic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea in most cases is the result of a spontaneous necrosis in a pituitary adenoma, which has caused sellar bony erosion. PMID- 7136485 TI - Birth order and multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7136486 TI - Late onset epilepsy. A prospective study. AB - 253 cases of late onset epilepsy were studied prospectively. 27 cases (10.7%) had space-occupying lesion, 19 cases (7.5%) had cerebrovascular disease, 13 cases (5.1%) cerebral cysticercosis and 4 cases (1.6%) had diffuse cerebral atrophy. No cause could be detected in 190 cases (75.1%). Analysis of clinical data and radiological studies showed that a majority (85%) of patients with 'tumour' who presented with epilepsy had focal neurological deficit and/or papilloedema. Focal slow-wave abnormality in EEG also gave an indication of an organic lesion. Patients who had epilepsy for more than 1 year, infrequent attacks and partial complex seizures, were less likely to have a tumour. The role of careful clinical examination is stressed. PMID- 7136487 TI - "On-off" phenomena, dyskinesias and dystonias. Comparison of lisuride versus apomorphine acute treatment. AB - In this study the effects of an acute injection of lisuride and apomorphine in 12 subjects affected by dystonic-dyskinetic syndromes of different aetiology are evaluated: 3 patients with spasmodic torticollis, 4 with tardive dyskinesia and 5 Parkinson patients suffering from "on-off" attacks with prominent dyskinesias during the mobile phase. In the last group drugs were administered during the "on" phase. In 11 out of 12 patients both lisuride and apomorphine induced a marked improvement of the abnormal involuntary movements. In Parkinson and torticollis patients both drugs also reduced the rigidity. In comparison to apomorphine, lisuride showed a more effective and long-lasting action. Only in one Parkinson patient did the drugs fail in showing any change. PMID- 7136488 TI - Hypertrophic type of peroneal muscular atrophy and spinal muscular atrophy in siblings. PMID- 7136489 TI - Significance of serum myoglobin in neuromuscular diseases and in carrier detection of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - In a retrospective study, the serum myoglobin concentration (S-myoglobin) was determined in patients with neuromuscular diseases and in carriers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Myoglobin was quantified by a sensitive radioimmunoassay. Serum creatine kinase (CK, EC 2.7.3.2) activity (S-CK) and serum creatine kinase B-subunit activity (S-CKB) were determined for comparison. Sera from 70 patients with various neuromuscular diseases and from 17 female relatives of patients with DMD were analysed. Increased levels of S-myoglobin were found both in dystrophic and in spinal myopathies. Because of a marked overlap of the range of values between the different dystrophic myopathies and even between the dystrophic and the spinal myopathies, S-myoglobin is of little value in the final diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases. In the detection of carriers of DMD, simultaneous determination of S-myoglobin and S-CK gave a higher detection rate compared to the detection rate with S-CK. S-CKB was normal in all carriers and only elevated in some of the patients with DMD and limb girdle muscular dystrophy. PMID- 7136490 TI - Painful legs and moving toes. A report of 3 cases with neurophysiological studies. AB - 3 patients with the condition of "painful legs and moving toes" are reported. The etiology was unknown in 2 of them, but in 1 patient the symptoms were temporarily relieved by surgery for a lumbar herniated disc. The movements restarted 6 months after surgery. EMG studies showed near rhythmical muscle action potentials in the involved muscles of the foot at rates of 3.0, 2.5 and 0.5 cps respectively with a maintained reciprocal innervation. These spontaneous movements could only be suppressed for seconds. The EEG, nerve conduction studies and somatosensory evoked potentials were normal. PMID- 7136491 TI - Mitral valve prolapse and cerebrovascular accidents in the young. AB - The incidence of stroke in the young is reported to be high in India. The role of the mitral valve prolapse (MVP) syndrome in these patients is not clear. A prospective study over a period of 1 year was carried out in order to evaluate the role of MVP in cases of stroke occurring in patients below the age of 40 years. Of the 38 cases of stroke in the young seen during this period, well recognised risk factors of stroke could be detected in 17. MVP confirmed by M mode echocardiography was seen in 13% of all stroke patients and in 23.8% of those in which there were no other risk factors. The incidence of MVP was much higher if only the clinical criteria for diagnosis were used. We believe that MVP is a significant risk factor in younger stroke patients, and, in such cases, merits investigation. The probable pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic implications are discussed. PMID- 7136492 TI - Sequential EEG findings and symptoms in partial seizures of temporal lobe origin. AB - 45 cases of partial seizures of temporal lobe origin undergoing sequential EEG investigation first with routine and then methohexitone activated EEG, 31 supplemented by sphenoidal electrodes, are reported. Methohexitone activated foci from temporal lobes which had previously not displayed temporal spike or sharp wave discharges in 15 (33.3%) cases. In 11 (24.4%) this was the first evidence of the focus in 15 (33.3%) cases. In 11 (24.8%) this was the first evidence of the focus in either temporal lobe and in 4 (8.9%) the focus was contralateral to one already seen in routine EEG. In 3 (6.7%) cases the sphenoidal electrodes were essential for demonstrating the focus. Methohexitone evoked temporal spikes or sharp waves irrespective of the nature of the initial routine EEG which was either normal, had non "epileptic" temporal abnormalities or abnormalities outside the temporal region. 2 X 2 chi 2 tests, comparing the frequency with which a particular symptom was accompanied by an EEG in a sequence with temporal discharges, showed that only in the case of evolution to generalised tonic/clonic seizures (secondary generalization) was the association statistically significant: chi 2 4.28, P less than 0.025. Similar testing of length of history and frequency of attacks against the frequency with which temporal discharges occurred failed to establish a statistically significant association. PMID- 7136494 TI - A clinical study of the Guillain-Barre Syndrome. AB - 60 consecutive patients (age 15-77 years) with the Guillain-Barre syndrome were studied. 37 subjects had an antecedent infection. Onset occurred with motor and/or sensory limb symptoms in 56 cases; 4 subjects experienced onsets with pain, diplopia or bladder disturbances. The motor symptoms reached a maximum within 42 days in all cases, 87% within less than 20 days. All patients had limb muscle weakness at the symptomatic maximum: 50% exhibited cranial-nerve affections and 10 subjects has respiratory insufficiency. Signs of a remission appeared within 60 days after onset in all cases surviving the maximal phase, 81% within less than 40 days. The CSF protein concentration was elevated (0.6-7.8 g/l) in 95% of the patients; an increased mononuclear cells count 6-60 X 10(6)/l) occurred in 27% of cases. Electrophysiological abnormalities were detected in 42 out of 43 examined cases. Totally there were 4 deaths, all caused by cardiac or thrombo-embolic events. Surviving patients had restitutions without functionally significant sequelae within less than 6 months after onset in 73% of cases; all but 2 of the remaining patients recovered within 18 months. The degree of muscle weakness at maximum was the predominant prognostic factor. PMID- 7136493 TI - Basal ganglia calcification on computer tomographic scan. A clinical and radiological correlation. AB - Computerised tomography of the brain was used to demonstrate basal ganglia calcification which may be of an insufficient degree to be seen on skull X-ray. Cases referred for CT scan from hospitals in Singapore for various reasons over a period of 12 months were studied for basal ganglia calcification. There was a startlingly high incidence of 1.5%, as 47 cases (all except 2 were Chinese) showed such calcification. In 42 cases there was no evidence of basal ganglia calcification on skull X-ray. 16 cases showed neurological affection, fits being the commonest manifestation. An unexpected finding was that no case had abnormality of calcium metabolism or evidence of hypoparathyroidism or pseudohypoparathyroidism. The CT scan is very sensitive in demonstrating minimal basal ganglia calcification and our impression is that such calcification is common. PMID- 7136496 TI - Birth order and multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7136495 TI - Serum lipids and anticonvulsants. PMID- 7136497 TI - Sequential determinations of cerebrospinal fluid lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme in human brain tumors on treatment. PMID- 7136498 TI - Age at onset, initial symptomatology and the course of multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7136499 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid protein findings in cervical syndromes classified by myelography, and in multiple sclerosis. AB - Determinations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) albumin, IgG, albumin blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability and local IgG synthesis indexes in CNS were carried out on 85 patients with various neck, shoulder and upper extremity pain syndromes. CSF was obtained by lumbar puncture in 29, and by lateral neck puncture in 56 of the patients. The patients were classified into 3 different groups according to varying severity of degenerative changes, or cavitation verified by myelography. CSF protein patterns in these patients were compared with lumbar CSF findings in 18 patients with multiple sclerosis. CSF protein changes in patients with abnormal myelographic findings were slight. Protein values were clearly more abnormal in lumbar CSF than in cervical CSF, probably due to a retardation of the CSF flow. Only 3 of 62 patients with a narrowing of the cervical spinal canal had pathological values for IgG synthesis or BBB permeability indexes. On the other hand 14 of 18 patients with multiple sclerosis had abnormal, high values for the IgG index. Thus the present results suggest that investigation of the CSF protein pattern has value in differential diagnosis between patients with multiple sclerosis and degenerative diseases of the cervical spine. PMID- 7136500 TI - A comparative study of brain atrophy by computerized tomography in chronic renal failure and chronic hemodialysis. PMID- 7136501 TI - Muscle fiber type morphology and distribution in paraplegic patients with traumatic cord lesion. Histochemical and ultrastructural aspects of rectus femoris muscle. AB - Biopsies of the rectus femoris muscle of 22 paraplegic patients with complete acute spinal cord transection due to trauma were taken for enzyme-histochemical and electron-microscopic studies in successive stages starting from occurrence of the accident (1-17 months). Ingravescent muscular atrophy was demonstrated with a progressive decrease in the fiber diameter and changes in the fiber type distribution with predominant type II atrophy in the first stage and type I atrophy in the later stage of the cord transection. Muscular "neurogenic" changes, such as angular dark atropic fibers, targetoid fibers, and type predominance are frequently observed. Myopathic alterations are observed in a low percentage in the later stages of the lesion. The ultrastructural findings are characterized by myofibrillar alterations and by dilatation and proliferative phenomena of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and T-system. There are ingravescent accumulation of lipid, interstitial fibrosis and microcirculatory alterations. The possible mechanism of "central" muscle atrophy is reviewed and discussed with reference to the morphological findings. PMID- 7136502 TI - Inhibition of corticosterone binding in vitro, in rabbit hippocampus, by chromatin bound aluminum. AB - Brains of patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type and with the dialysis encephalopathy syndrome, exhibit elevated aluminum levels. In Alzheimer's disease and in the experimental aluminum induced encephalopathy, intracellular aluminum is associated with nuclear chromatin. The work reported here was undertaken to test whether chromatin bound aluminum in hippocampus of the rabbit interferes with nuclear binding of corticosterone-receptor complexes. The results showed that the mean binding of corticosterone decreased from 460 +/- 71 fmol/mg DNA in controls, to 343 +/- 81 fmol/mg DNA in hippocampal nuclei from aluminum treated rabbits, representing a decrease of 25%. This reduction occurred in the absence of aluminum induced neurofibrillary degeneration and indicates a possible functional consequence of the presence of aluminum on chromatin, and importantly, in the absence of morphological changes. PMID- 7136503 TI - Failure of hyperthermia to open rat blood-brain barrier: reduced permeation of sucrose. PMID- 7136504 TI - Distal neuropathy in spontaneous diabetes mellitus in the dog. PMID- 7136505 TI - Ribosome-associated membrane contacts between astrocytes in the anoxic brain. AB - Between adjacent astrocytes in cerebral and particularly cerebellar cortices of brains unsuccessfully perfused or subjected to 2-30 min anoxia or short (5 h) autolysis, a new distinct unusual variant of an intercellular apposition was observed, which derived from already pre-existing membrane contacts. This membrane apposition was characterized by thicker contacting plasma membranes than usual, narrower intercellular distance, a fine para- and intermembranous material and ribosomes in the paramembranous position. In addition to these ribosome associated membrane appositions ribosomes-associated gap junction and microtubule associated junction were observed in isolated cases. The reason for binding of ribosomes and microtubules to the plasma membrane and their function in this site is unknown. PMID- 7136506 TI - Selective loss of small myelinated and unmyelinated fibers in Shy-Drager syndrome. AB - The number and sizes of myelinated and unmyelinated fibers in biopsied sural nerves in cases with Shy-Drager syndrome were studied in comparison with cases with olivopontocerebellar degeneration not having autonomic dysfunction. In Shy Drager syndrome there was a tendency for both small myelinated and unmyelinated fiber densities to be reduced in comparison with cases with olivopontocerebellar degeneration. Unmyelinated fibers more than 0.5 micrometers in diameter were significantly reduced in Shy-Drager syndrome, a fact suggesting myelinated fiber degeneration. Multilamellated Schwann cell processes, isolated Schwann cell processes, and collagen pockets were more numerous and conspicuous in cases with Shy-Drager syndrome. It was concluded that unmyelinated fibers and small myelinated fibers in the peripheral nerves were involved selectively in Shy Drager syndrome. The significance of the findings was discussed in terms of autonomic dysfunction observed clinically. PMID- 7136507 TI - Experimental canine distemper encephalomyelitis in neonatal gnotobiotic dogs. A sequential ultrastructural study. AB - The ultrastructural morphogenesis of neuronal degeneration and necrosis and patterns of associated myelin and axonal degeneration were studied in gnotobiotic dogs neonatally infected with neurovirulent R252 strain of canine distemper virus (CDV-R252). Distemper virus-infected neurons underwent a distinct sequence of ultrastructural changes culminating in direct viral-induced necrosis beginning after 21 days post inoculation (DPI). Viral-induced neuronal cytolysis occurs apparently independently of anti-viral immune mechanisms of immunologic destruction. Viral nucleocapsid aggregates in postsynaptic axosomatic and axodendritic complexes and in structurally intact axons provided morphologic evidence for viral-induced functional modulation of synaptic transmission and possible trans-synaptic interneuronal viral spread. There were secondary degenerative axonal and myelin changes, particularly in heavily myelinated tracts. There was no evidence of primary demyelination. Active phagocytosis of degenerating axons and myelin debris in foci of virus-associated necrosis was apparently restricted to CDV-containing macrophages. Demonstration of a productive CDV infection of choroid plexus epithelium 10 DPI and thereafter was identified as an intracranial source of free infectious virus. PMID- 7136508 TI - Effect of chronic dantrolene sodium administration on striatal muscles of the rat. A morphometric study. PMID- 7136509 TI - Glycosaminoglycans in human cerebral tumors. Part II. Histochemical findings and correlations. AB - The occurrence and the distribution of GAGs have been studied histochemically in 224 human cerebral tumors by means of Alcian blue techniques. In the normal peritumoral gray matter the alcianophilia is stronger than in the white matter and demonstrated the presence of HA and CS. In the glioma group the alcianophilia, due to HA and CS, is mainly related to the presence of infiltrated cortex. In the other tumors, GAGs are histochemically disclosed in relation to collagen, reticulin, mesodermic areas, etc. The vessels of every tumor show a positive staining for HA, CS and HS. The histochemical findings are consistent with the biochemical ones as reported in Part I, even though the significance of GAGs in cerebral tumors remains unknown. PMID- 7136510 TI - The effects of chlorpromazine and phenobarbital on vasculogenesis in the cerebellar cortex. AB - The morphological effects of two chemically different neuroactive drugs (chlorpromazine and phenobarbital) on vasculogenesis in rat cerebellum were examined to determine the presence of vascular alterations. Therapeutic dosages of both drugs were chronically administered to separate groups of maternal rats beginning on days 10, 13, 15, 18, and 21. In chlorpromazine-treated animals the specific length of blood vessels was most severely reduced in the Purkinje cell layer. Animals treated with phenobarbital demonstrated an initial reduction in specific length in the Purkinje cell layer but returned to control values by day 21 postnatal (p.n.). Blood vessels in the molecular and granular layers showed little change. The observed changes have been discussed in relation to possible mechanisms and their relationship to neurogenesis. PMID- 7136511 TI - An autoradiographic study of methyl-azoxy-methanol acetate-induced cortical malformation. AB - A completely disorganized pattern of neuronal migration was observed in intracortical neuronal nodules induced by the injection of methyl-azoxy-methanol acetate (MAM) in the rat on the day 14 of gestation. Labeled neurons were found at different cortical levels after a single injection of tritiated thymidine on days 14, 16, or 18 of gestation. Preservation of the ascending migratory progress of neuroblasts toward the cerebral cortex is, however, seen in the largest areas in which no intracortical nodules are found in spite of the abnormal structure of these areas. Neurons labeled on day 16 of gestation occupy deep regions of the cortex, while neurons labeled on day 18 are found at superficial levels. These results indicate variable degrees of disturbance in the migratory pattern in spite of the disorganization of the cortical structure in brains injured at an early stage before the cortical plate is formed. PMID- 7136512 TI - Primary demyelination in experimental canine distemper virus induced encephalomyelitis in gnotobiotic dogs. Sequential immunologic and morphologic findings. PMID- 7136513 TI - [About a case of cirrhotic alcoholic encephalopathy. Methodological remarks and results]. PMID- 7136514 TI - The permeability of the extracellular spaces at the Schmidt-Lanterman clefts and paranodes in peripheral myelin sheaths. AB - Electron dense material was observed in the extracellular spaces between adjacent components of the Schmidt-Lanterman clefts and between lateral loops at the paranodes in some of the heavily myelinated fibers of the anterior roots and peripheral nerves of a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Similar deposits were seen in tissue derived from patients who died with no neurological disease. These deposits were also present in the extracellular spaces of the endoneurium and beneath the outer cytoplasmic collar of the sheath, but did not penetrate the intraperiod line of the compact myelin or the periaxonal space and the lateral loops tended to remain in contact with the axon. The findings suggest that a pathway exists between the extracellular spaces outside the sheath to the innermost portion of the sheath but that the periaxonal space is resistant to the penetration of the extraneous material. PMID- 7136515 TI - Distal symmetric polyneuropathy in the spontaneously diabetic BB-wistar rat. An ultrastructural and teased fiber study. PMID- 7136516 TI - The pathology of Machado-Joseph disease. Report of a possible homozygous case. AB - The clinical and pathological findings in a boy suffering from Machado-Joseph disease are described. The patient was the son of two affected parents and signs first appeared at the age of 8 years. A younger brother also became affected at the age of 7. The patient presented all the characteristic features of the disease which consist of progressive cerebellar ataxia, pyramidal signs, progressive external ophthalmoplegia with variable degrees of extrapyramidal and peripheral signs. He died at the age of 15, after an unusually short duration of the disease. Pathological examination showed degeneration and mild gliosis of the substantia nigra, dentate, pontine and cranial nerve nuclei, anterior horns and Clarke's columns. Additional findings, not previously described were the involvement of sensory ganglia, intermediolateral columns and gracile and cuneate nuclei. It is suggested that the present case is homozygous for the gene of Machado-Joseph disease. The pattern of distribution of the pathological lesions and the sparing of some anatomical structures confirm our view that Machado Joseph disease should be considered a distinct clinico-pathological entity within the group of the autosomal dominant ataxias. PMID- 7136519 TI - Intrauterine purulent leptomeningitis. PMID- 7136518 TI - Hereditary neurovisceral mannosidosis associated with alpha-mannosidase deficiency in a family of Persian cats. AB - Several kittens in a family of Persian cats had a metabolic storage disease. Clinically the disorder was characterized by hepatomegaly, neurological signs and early death. The microscopic lesions consisted of widespread vacuolation of neurons and glial cells in the central nervous system and in liver cells. Electronmicroscopically the lesions consisted of intracytoplasmic accumulation of membrane-bound "empty" vacuoles. In addition to the storage disease, poor myelination of the cerebral white matter was found. The defect was reproduced in breeding trials. On biochemical analysis of brain tissue, deficient function of the enzyme alpha-mannosidase was detected. The clinical and pathological features of mannosidosis in Persian cats were compared to similar defects in other species. PMID- 7136517 TI - Morphologic and histoanatomic observations of the brain in untreated human phenylketonuria. AB - The cerebra of three profoundly retarded adult males with untreated phenylketonuria (PKU) were systematically studied in terms of developmental morphology and histoanatomy against normal age-matched material, technically comparable in preparation. These studies were made possible by the availability of two extensive reference collections of normative neuroanatomic material, the Yakovlev and the Conel collections. The developmental parameters of myelination, width of the cortical plate, cell packing density, neuronal cell size, development of Nissl granulation, dendritic arborization and synaptic spine populations were studied. Our results indicate that there is a marked curtailment of histoanatomical maturation of the brain in PKU by all developmental parameters studied. PMID- 7136520 TI - Automated image analysis of glioblastomas and other gliomas. AB - Tumours of the neuroglia, 172 in all (50 glioblastomas, 65 fibrillar and gemistocytic astrocytomas, 26 pilocytic astrocytomas and 31 oligodendrogliomas), were studied by automated microscopic picture analysis. Thirteen morphometric and densitometric parameters of the tumour cell nuclei as well as two mitotic parameters were determined on 4 micrometers thick Feulgen slide preparations. The correlation of the results with subjectively established grade of malignancy was examined. A close correlation was found between almost all morphometric densitometric nuclear parameters and the morphologically established behaviour of the tumours under study. Based on these results both the method of automated microscopic picture analysis and the selected parameters have been assessed as efficient for the evaluation of the behaviour of glial tumours. The results are readily reproducible and can be obtained without requiring much time. An other advantage of this method is the use of histological preparations, which allows a comparison of the overall structure of the tumour as well as a pinpointed examination of those regions that are representative of the tumour. Subjective grading of glial tumours has been greatly objective by automation. PMID- 7136521 TI - Absorption of topically applied hydrocortisone from the eye of the rhesus monkey. AB - Blood samples were collected from anaesthetized monkeys during one h a) after topical application of an eyedrop of hydrocortisone acetate suspension, b) after topical application of a drop of the vehicle alone, and c) after no application at all. Radioimmunoassay (RIA) showed a rapid and similar increase of hydrocortisone plasma levels in all 3 kinds of experiments. RIA revealed that in monkeys the anaesthetic procedure alone was sufficient to cause a considerable increase of endogenous hydrocortisone levels overshadowing any systemic absorption of topical hydrocortisone. Using tritiated hydrocortisone instead a rapid increase of systemic absorption after topical application was found. A plasma concentration of 1% of the dose was found one min after topical instillation increasing to a maximum of 6-7% at 30 min. The half time of the show phase of elimination was about 19 h. PMID- 7136523 TI - Pattern-reversal electroretinograms in squint amblyopia, artificial anisometropia and simulated eccentric fixation. AB - Pattern-reversal electroretinograms were recorded in 10 normals and 10 adult patients with squint amblyopia (visual acuity 0.3 or less). The effects of artificial anisometropia and simulated eccentric fixation were tested in normals. The pattern-reversal ERG amplitude was reduced linearly with increased defocusing (0 to + 3 D). A significant amplitude reduction was observed when defocusing amounted to + 1 D. The amplitudes were not reduced below the range of normal variability at 4 degrees of simulated eccentric fixation. In the amblyopia patients, refractive errors were corrected. None had eccentric fixation of more than 4 degrees. Yet, the pattern-reversal ERGs were lower in the amblyopic eyes compared with the opposite normal eyes. The difference in amplitude means was statistically significant. The finding supports the view that retinal function is impaired in human squint amblyopia. PMID- 7136522 TI - Atopy and HLA antigens in patients with keratoconus. AB - Thirty unrelated Caucasian patients with keratoconus and 30 patients with regular astigmatism which served as a control group were typed for histocompatibility (HLA) antigens. Their serum levels of immunoglobulins were determined and past and present history of atopic disease of their own as well as among their relatives were examined. No association between keratoconus and any specific HLA antigen was noted. Neither was any statistically significant increase of atopic disease in the keratoconus population observed. Nor was any correlation between elevated IgE level and keratoconus found. However, a statistically significant increase of atopic disease among the relatives of the keratoconus group was found. In conclusion, no evidence for HLA association with keratoconus disease was found. The results suggest that there may be a association between keratoconus and atopic disease. PMID- 7136524 TI - Epithelial second malignant tumours in retinoblastoma survivors. A review and report of a case. AB - The first case of epidermoid carcinoma of the tongue found in a retinoblastoma survivors is described. The patient, 10-year-old girl, had been treated successfully for bilateral retinoblastoma 9 years earlier. According to the literature, second malignant epithelial tumours are, in contrast to mesenchymal tumours such as osteosarcoma, very rare in retinoblastoma survivors. Initially one eye of the patient was treated with irradiation using Stallard's disk (radioactive cobalt), but we consider that Stallard's disk was unconnected with the genesis of the carcinoma of the tongue. PMID- 7136525 TI - Bowen's disease at the limbus. AB - Ten cases of Bowen's disease at the limbus have been clinicopathologically studied and followed up for 1 1/2 to 9 years. The clinical appearance might be classified into 3 principal forms; i.e., papillomatous, leukoplakic and gelatinous forms. However, histopathological differences could not be detected in the respective forms. In the follow-up study no recurrence was observed in the 8 cases treated with excision and cryotherapy, though recurrence and malignant change took place in one case of the remaining 2 cases, treated with excision only. PMID- 7136527 TI - Changes of the cornea endothelium after ultraviolet radiation. AB - The rabbit cornea endothelium has been studied with specular and scanning electron microscopy after exposure with a commercially available ultraviolet lamp. The animals were plased 50 cm from the source, and most experiments were run with a 20 min exposure time. In the specular microscope, the endothelium revealed numerous circumscript reflex-free areas, which were observed from 4 days up to 8 months after the irradiation. A wide variety of changes were found in the scanning electron microscope. One day after the exposure the cells showed indistinct outlines, and they were bulging into the anterior chamber. In some regions the pattern was dominated by marked grooves preferentially along the cell demarcations, whereas other regions showed rough surfaced cells because of cytoplasmic projections and grainy deposits. At the 3 days stage there was a marked pleomorphy, and some cells were on their way to being rejected. After one week the cobblestone appearance of the endothelium was about to decline. Partly rejected cells were still common. In addition, distinct, ringshaped local impressions occurred imitating the previous described grooves. This phenomenon along with some single endothelial cells studied with microvilli were the abnormal findings 8 months after the damage. It is concluded that although ultraviolet radiation is largely absorbed in the cornea, the threshold dose for damage of the endothelium is not beyond those used for practical purpose. The endothelium was surprisingly resistant towards repeated radiation damage. PMID- 7136526 TI - The effect of salt loading diet on the intraocular pressure. AB - Salt tablets are habitually ingested by some people while doing physical exercise in hot climate, in order to prevent sodium depletion. The effects of supplementary salt on the intraocular pressure was investigated on 5 healthy acclimatized subjects who rode a bicycle ergometer at temperature of 35 degrees C and relative humidity of 40%. A significant decrease of 1.0 mmHg in their mean intraocular pressure was detected when 10.2 gm NaCl was added daily to the normal diet. The pressure reduction was associated with changes of the body fluid balance. PMID- 7136529 TI - Variations in central corneal thickness during the first year of contact lens wear. AB - Variations in central corneal thickness during the first year of hard, hydrophilic or silicone lens wear are reported. The mean corneal swelling after 1/2,3 and 6 months was 4.7-3.0% in the first 2 groups (P less than 0.001 - P = 0.005), but only 1.3-0.8% in the latter group (P = 0.011 - 0.050). These differences were statistically significant (P less than 0.001 - P = 0.046) and are ascribed to a higher oxygen tension under the silicone lenses. An over-all reduction of corneal oedema was noted after 1/2 month (P = 0.025). One year after lens fitting a similar and not significant corneal swelling was found in the 3 lens groups. In addition to an initial 'osmotic' adaptation our results indicate that a further corneal adaptation to hard and hydrophilic lenses may take place between 6 and 12 months after lens fitting. Development of lens intolerance was not correlated to the degree of corneal oedema after 1/2 month of lens wear. PMID- 7136528 TI - Human cornea endothelium and ultraviolet radiation. PMID- 7136530 TI - Tear absorption into the filter-paper strip used in the Schirmer-I-test. A methodological study and a critical survey. AB - The absorption of tear fluid into the Schirmer-I-filter paper was evaluated by serial measurements in 5 normal volunteers and in 32 patients with Sjogren's syndrome. The length of wetting was correlated to the weight of tear fluid absorbed in the paper strips. A linear relationship was demonstrated. We conclude that the Schirmer-I-test implies reproducible and fairly precise estimation of the tear flow even in cases of small lengths of wetting. The test is reliable, simple and useful for the diagnosis and follow-up of dry eyes, especially in patients with Sjogrens syndrome. PMID- 7136531 TI - Malignant melanomas of the human uvea: 25-year follow-up of cases in Denmark, 1943--1952. AB - All cases (302) of malignant intraocular melanomas in Denmark between 1943--1952 were followed up and evaluated 25 years after enucleation, which was the treatment used immediately after diagnosis during that period. The follow-up percentage was 99, 82% of the total being dead at the time of follow-up, bringing the real course of the malignant uveal melanoma in a traditionally treated series nearer to the truth. The same series was analysed in 1963 and 1970. Three quarters of the patients were hospitalized immediately before and/or in the process of dying. In the series of choroidal and/or ciliary body melanoma the autopsy frequency was 36. Death with metastases took place in 51% (150). Orbital recurrence was found in 2.5% and 8--12% of cases with extrascleral extension had orbital recurrence. This appeared at an average of 2 years after enucleation and 10% of metastases appeared within the first 6 months post-operatively, more than half within 3 years. The peak incidence was during the first year after enucleation. No second peak was observed. However, metastases appeared even after 23 years. The probability of being alive without metastases after 25 years was found to be 40%, assuming that the patient did not die of another cause. The prognosis was estimated using various clinical and histopathological parameters. Women below the age of 40 had a better prognosis than women above that age. Small tumours, spindle shaped cells, no invasion and low pigment content of tumour were all in favour of a good prognosis. Of the iris melanomas from the period dealt with, only one died with metastasis. The present lively discussion on early enucleation or conservative management is reported and finally the attitude of the Ophthalmic Tumour Centre towards therapy is indicated. PMID- 7136532 TI - A case with leiomyoma of iris extirpated with cryosurgery and its pathological findings. AB - This report describes surgical observation and histopathological findings in a case of a 44-year-old male with leiomyoma of the iris in his left eye which had initiated from uveitis. In view of clinical efficiency and electron microscopic detection of leiomyoma, it is recommended that the tumour be excised after freezing coagulation. For confirmative diagnosis of leiomyoma of the iris, an electron microscopic detection is necessary to demonstrate the characteristic findings including cells with cigar-shaped nuclei, cytoplasmic and plasma-lemmal density, fine filaments, surface-connected vesicles and basement membrane. PMID- 7136534 TI - Outcome of cataract surgery I. A prospective, observational study. AB - In this prospective study outcome assessment comprise what happens to the patient in terms of symptom level and quality of life, patients' contentment with benefit of treatment, problems of aphakic rehabilitation besides postoperative visual acuity and complication rates. 114 cataract patients were observed until 1 year after surgery. 82% of the patients obtained a final visual acuity of 0.5 or better. 26% of the patients were dissatisfied with outcome of surgery and stated no improvement in quality of life. Two main reasons for dissatisfaction were found: macular disease and the defects of vision through aphakic spectacle lenses. In fact 75% of the spectacle-corrected monaphakic patients had complaints about the quality of vision. Most satisfied were the monaphakic patients with contact lenses and biaphakic patients irrespective to method of aphakic correction. PMID- 7136533 TI - Anterior chamber depth, genes and environment. A population study among long-term Greenland Eskimo immigrants in Copenhagen. AB - Previous population studies have demonstrated a shallow anterior chamber as an inherited characteristic of Eskimos, explaining their high prevalence of primary angle-closure glaucoma. In order to evaluate the stability of the anterior chamber depth (ACD) distribution and its inherent morbidity risk in a different environment, immigrant Greenland Eskimo women in Copenhagen, aged 40 years or more were sampled. Those who had been at least 25 years in Denmark were examined (N = 64), using Haag Streit pachymetry, limbal chamber depth (LCD) estimation and gonioscopy. The ACD level of the immigrants was significantly higher than that of their background population, in ethnically 'mixed' as well as 'pure' subgroups, and correspondingly the LCD grading was higher among the immigrants. Primary angle-closure glaucoma was found in 3%. The refraction showed no significant trend towards myopia compared with native Greenland Eskimos. Environmental factors influencing ACD, e.g. through the rate of biological ageing, seem to exist, but their nature is unknown. PMID- 7136535 TI - Outcome of cataract surgery. II. Visual functioning in aphakic patients. AB - The degree rehabilitation obtained by cataract surgery was evaluated by visual acuity and by Visual Functioning Index, which measures the patients' ability of performance of every-day tasks that are dependent on vision. Examinations and Index-scoring were done pre- and post-operatively and at one year follow-up in a non-selected, consecutive series of 114 cataract patients. 82% of the patients obtained a final visual acuity of 0.5 or more. Index scoring at follow-up was significantly improved and indicated that 74% had achieved normal or near-normal visual functioning. Furthermore, we compared visual functioning in monaphakics and biaphakics. Remarkably we found that basic visual functioning as measured by the Index seems equally good in the 2 groups except for the statistically significant better ability for selftransportation in biaphakics. The biaphakic patients, however, were much more satisfied with the outcome than monaphakic. It seems likely that basic visual functioning is gained by first eye surgery and that the more delicate visual functioning and a subjective 'vision-comfort' is the effect of second eye surgery. PMID- 7136537 TI - Combined trabeculectomy and cataract operation. A follow-up study. AB - In a study of 94 combined cataract and trabeculectomy operations performed for 59 open angle simplex and 35 capsular glaucoma with coexisting cataract, followed up for 1 to 9 years, the overall control of intraocular pressure (less than or equal to 21 mm Hg) without therapy was achieved in 61 eyes (65%). The average follow-up time was 3.4 years. The success rate 76% after 1 year follow-up decreased to 63% after 2 years and went from 45 to 66% over a 3 to 8 years follow-up period. Post surgical therapy was required in 33 eyes (35%). Of these 31 eyes were controlled with medical therapy alone. In the light of the results the maintenance of filtration was considered the most important factor of success. Most frequent complications, transient hypotony (37%) and hyphaema (30%) had no significant effect on eventual success. As regards the diagnostic categories no significant difference existed in the success rates between the simplex and capsular glaucoma groups. The importance of periodic observation is discussed. PMID- 7136536 TI - Prostaglandin inhibition and central corneal thickness after cataract extraction. AB - The effect of systemically given naproxen (a qprostaglandin inhibitor) on central corneal thickness was studied in vivo, in the normal cornea, and in the cornea made artificially oedematous by cataract surgery. Only after cataract extraction could an effect be demonstrated. The post-surgical oedema was in this case reduced statistically significant corresponding to approximately 50% of control. Further the secondary rise in CCT on the third post-operative day as seen with non-medicated guttata corneas was absent after naproxen. PMID- 7136538 TI - Regression analysis of the central visual field in chronic glaucoma cases. A follow-up study using automatic perimetry. AB - 90 glaucoma cases (160 eyes) with field defects in at least one eye have been subjected to automatic perimetry on at least 5 occasions. The condition of the field defect is represented by the regression coefficient. The frequency distribution of the coefficients in groups based on references to age, sex, intraocular pressure, exfoliations, haemorrhages and therapy illustrates the possible importance or insignificance of these factors to the decay. The need for several consecutive examinations to establish with some significance a progression of field defects is demonstrated. PMID- 7136539 TI - Optic disc evaluation versus the visual field in chronic glaucoma. AB - A classification of the optic disc (the upper and lower half treated separately) was performed independently by 3 observers. The material consisted of 40 single colour photographs of eyes with glaucomatous field defects and of fellow eyes. The consistency between the observers was found to be good. The sensitivity for the detection of visual field defects from the appearance of the corresponding disc half was 75%. The specificity was 85%. PMID- 7136540 TI - A simple lighting arrangement for ocular photography. AB - The aim of the present work was to create a simple and cheap device for photographing the anterior segment and the media of the eye in direct illumination and by retroillumination. By illuminating the eye from a point near the centre of the anterior surface of the camera lens, the anterior segment and the media of the eye can be photographed. Pictures made in this manner and technical data for the device used are presented. PMID- 7136541 TI - Early effects of sodium iodate on the slow off-effects, particularly the h-wave, and on the c-wave of the DC recorded electroretinogram in rabbit. AB - The early effects of intravenously administered sodium iodate (NaIO3) on the slow, negative 'off-effect', the h-wave, and on the slow, positive 'on-effect', the c-wave, of the DC recorded electroretinogram were studied in 8 rabbits. Both the h- and c-waves disappeared gradually after NaIO3 administration and were replaced by potentials of opposite polarity. These results strongly support the assumption that the h-wave originates in the pigment epithelium and represents the reversal of events underlying the c-wave. The slow, positive 'off-effect', the g-wave, elicited by 'dark flashes' was seen to pass into the potential replacing the h-wave after NaIO3 treatment. PMID- 7136542 TI - Pattern VEP in two immunochemical subtypes of optic neuritis. AB - Visual functions and visual evoked potentials (VEP) were compared in 2 groups of patients with optic neuritis (ON). The subdivision was based on the occurrence of oligoclonal IgG in the cerebrospinal fluid in some patients [the ON (+) group] but not in others [the ON (-) group]. At the onset of ON there were no other signs of neurological disease in these patients. Later the majority of those in the ON (+) group had developed multiple sclerosis but only one patient in the ON (-) group. Recovery after the acute optic inflammation was the same in both groups with respect to visual acuity and fields, but better in the ON (-) than in the ON (+) group with respect to colour vision and pattern VEP. A closer correlation between colour vision defects and VEP latency changes was found for the ON (+) than the ON (-) group, suggesting demyelinating disease as a more probable cause of the optic nerve inflammation in the former than in the latter group. PMID- 7136543 TI - Transient bilateral blindness in relation to subarachnoid haemorrhage caused by spastic ischaemic changes in retina and optic nerve. PMID- 7136544 TI - Short term effects of timolol in chronic glaucoma. A double blind study using computerized perimetry. AB - 15 patients with glaucomatous field defects in at least one eye were subjected to computerized perimetry and IOP, systemic blood pressure and pulse rate measurements before and after timolol or placebo instillation in both eyes. A significant decrease of IOP and pulse rate was found 2 h after timolol. The visual fields were not improved, the correlation between IOP and visual field performance being (though not significantly) positive. The lack of improvement could not be attributed to the decrease in pulse rate. PMID- 7136546 TI - Prevalence of visual field defects due to capsular and simple glaucoma in Halsingland, Sweden. AB - In a region where both simple and capsular glaucoma are common, the observed prevalence of glaucoma with glaucomatous visual field defects based on hospital records is presented. The prevalence increased with increasing age to a maximum of 4.5% of the age group 81-85. Capsular glaucomas accounted for two thirds of the glaucomatous visual field defects. A comparison with previous population surveys indicates that the frequency of simple glaucoma is of the same magnitude as elsewhere. The high frequency of glaucomatous visual field defects can be due to the occurrence of capsular glaucoma. This supports the hypothesis that capsular glaucoma has its own epidemiology. PMID- 7136545 TI - Metoprolol eyedrops 3%, a short-term comparison with pilocarpine and a five-month follow-up study. (Multicenter). AB - A comparative study comprising 30 patients with glaucoma and 11 ocular hypertensives showed that pilocarpine 2%-4% and metoprolol 3% lowered the intraocular pressure to the same extent over a 4-week period. The magnitude of effect corresponded to 29.0% of the untreated pressure level in the pilocarpine group and to 31.9% in the metoprolol group. No statistically significant difference in the pressure lowering effect was found between glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Sufficient control of the intraocular pressure could not be achieved in approximately 35% of the patients with metoprolol single therapy and a tendency towards fading efficiency of metoprolol was noted, but no significant tachyphylaxis appeared during a 5-month follow-up period. Local irritation was the predominant side-effect of metoprolol treatment. Objective adverse reactions recorded were transient, epithelial keratopathy (3 patients) and exanthema (1 patient). Deterioration of a pre-existing visual field defect was observed in one case. PMID- 7136547 TI - Retinal nerve fibre layer photography with a wide angle fundus camera. AB - Retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) photographs taken with a wide-angle fundus camera (Canon CF-60Z) and its built-in blue interference filter (SE-40) of 495 nm wavelength were compared with pictures taken with the same camera and a red-free absorption filter (Wratten No. 58) as well as with photographs taken with a 30 degrees fundus camera and Wratten No. 58 filter. Comparison showed that the best visualisation of the RNFL and its defects was achieved with the 60 degrees picture angle of the Canon camera and SE-40 filter. With a smaller picture angle (30 degrees) and a filter of longer wavelength quality of reproduction deteriorated. PMID- 7136548 TI - The effect of physostigmine on the intraocular pressure in rabbits. PMID- 7136549 TI - Visual evoked potentials to binocular stimulation with disparate patterns. AB - Experiments with VEP to checkerboard stimulation in 4 subjects with normal stereoscopic vision showed that binocular interaction was the same for fused images and for linear pattern displacement induced by horizontal and vertical prisms, as long as the patterns were projected on the macular areas of both eyes. Also in a stereo-blind subject the impaired binocular VEP interaction remained unchanged during linear displacement of the patterns. Thus the previously reported differences in binocular VEP interaction between stereo-normal stereoblind subjects cannot be explained by binocular stimulation with unfused patterns in the latter group. With patterns displaced to different hemifields in the 2 eyes, no binocular interaction was recorded. Experiments with black-and white gratings of different orientations to the 2 eyes showed that binocular VEP reactions remained the same even with patterns perpendicular to each other. However, the binocular interaction was disrupted when the subject viewed the perpendicular patterns through coloured filters. PMID- 7136550 TI - Contrast thresholds of diabetic patients determined by VECP and psychophysical measurements. AB - VECPs to checkerboard pattern reversal (12 Hz reversal) at different contrast levels were measured in normal subjects and in patients suffering from diabetes mellitus, with visual acuities above 0.8. VECP contrast threshold was obtained by extrapolating VECP amplitude vs contrast on a log scale to zero microV. Results were compared with psychophysical thresholds. It was shown that both VECP and psychophysical contrast thresholds were significantly higher in the diabetic patients than in the normal subjects. PMID- 7136551 TI - Ophthalmic changes from age of 10 to 18 years. A longitudinal study of sequels to low birth weight. III. Ultrasound oculometry and keratometry of anterior eye segment. AB - Anterior eye segment features were investigated longitudinally by ultrasound and keratometry in 70 low-birth-weight subjects (LBW less than 2000 g) and 67 full term controls, at the ages of 10 and 18 years. Concerning the changes during adolescence, a slight significant deepening of anterior chamber and lens position is found (about 0.1 mm), while lens thickness, corneal curvature radius and corneal astigmatism have remained stable. Differences between BW-groups indicate a permanent influence of LBW on ocular development, as evident from a presumed early environmental (LBW) arrest of corneal growth, given by a significantly lower value of corneal curvature radius, just as zonular slackness due to a smaller suspension ring may explain a thicker lens. Further a LBW disturbance of correlation between refraction and anterior eye segment parameters is suggested. Besides the documented occasional posterior eye segment damage of LBW (retinopathy of prematurity), the present study indicates a more general restraining influence also on anterior eye segment development. PMID- 7136552 TI - Ophthalmic changes from age of 10 to 18 years. A longitudinal study of sequels to low birth weight. IV. Ultrasound oculometry of vitreous and axial length. AB - The present report on vitreous and axial length completes an analysis of changes in eye size during adolescence. The sample is divided into 70 with low birth weight (less than 2000 g) and 67 full-term controls (FT). 1) Contrary to classical statements regarding early arrest of eye growth, a basic 'pubertal' axial growth of about 0.4-0.5 mm is found in refractively static eyes. Eyes with progressive myopia elongate even more, due mainly to vitreous elongation. 2) The previously reported 10-year LBW ocular size deficit remains an adult feature, even in seemingly normal eyes. There is a parallel permanent lack of catching-up also regarding height, head circumference, and some other anthropometric parameters. 3) Two classical rules of thumb are discussed: a) 1 mm axial length change coincides with 3 D refractive change, and b) that of 24 mm as the emmetropic eye length. Although tenacious, bot statements have to be modified- according to biological variation and the weak correlation between most refractive parameters. PMID- 7136554 TI - The nature of normal blinking patterns. AB - The blinking patterns of 20 normal subjects were examined under controlled experimental conditions. While the mean blink rate was 12.55 blinks/min, there were marked variations between individuals. As well, each subject displayed a characteristic pattern of blinking, mixing inter-blink periods of shorter and longer durations in a regular fashion. PMID- 7136553 TI - Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia involving the orbita. A case report. PMID- 7136556 TI - Anterior vitrectomy for shallow anterior chamber after cataract extraction. AB - Pars plana anterior vitrectomy was performed in 9 patients with shallow anterior chamber after cataract extraction. Five patients had choroidal and/or ciliary body effusion (CCBE), and 4 had aphakic pupillary block (APB). Vitrectomy was performed only after medical treatment failed to restore a normal anterior chamber depth. In all patients the anterior chamber restored during surgery and remained so thereafter, although in patients with CCBE, the fundal pathology subsided days or even months later. The only surgical complication was a longstanding cystoid macular oedema in one patient. Pars plana vitrectomy would appear to have advantages over other surgical techniques, in similar circumstances. PMID- 7136555 TI - Conjunctival and contact lens bacterial flora during continuous 'bandage' lens wear. AB - The conjunctival and contact lens bacterial flora in a group of 63 patients continuously wearing hydrophilic lenses for therapeutic reasons are reported. Thirty-three patients received topical antibiotics both before and during lens wear. There were no significant differences between the flora on the conjunctiva and on the posterior surface of the lenses. Coagulase negative staphylococci were the most commonly occurring microorganisms. Of these, Staph. epidermidis was the predominant species. Before lens fitting the conjunctival flora was significantly more scant in the group receiving topical antibiotics than in the other group (P less than 0.05). The same group showed an apparently increased bacterial growth after lens fitting, while an opposite trend was noted in the group not receiving topical antibiotics. However, none of these changes were even remotely statistically significant. The fitting of 'bandage' lenses does apparently not in itself necessitate the use of topical antibiotics. PMID- 7136557 TI - Outcome of cataract surgery. III. Influence of age, macular disease and type of correction. AB - This study evaluates the influence of age, type of aphakic correction and macular disease on outcome of cataract surgery. This is done by multivariate regression analyses on data collected prospectively in 123 consecutive cataract patients. The analyses showed that age and type of correction had only minor influence on outcome. The most influencing factor was macular disease. If a patient's macula is or becomes diseased then outcome regardless of any other variables will be reduced compared to outcome in patients without macular disease and vice versa. These findings however do not mean that macular disease constitute a contraindication for cataract extraction. In fact we found that also the macular diseased cataract patients do benefit considerably from cataract surgery. PMID- 7136558 TI - Wagner's vitreoretinal degeneration with generalized epiphyseal dysplasia. AB - Wagner's vitreoretinal degeneration, midline facial defects and a moderate generalized epiphyseal dysplasia defined radiologically were encountered in a boy and his father. The familial nature of the condition and its autosomal dominant inheritance are described. Suggestions are made that patients said to have Wagner's disease differ in no way radiologically from cases diagnosed as having Stickler's syndrome. PMID- 7136559 TI - Human corneal endothelial cell density after an in vitro imitation of elevated intraocular pressure. AB - Normal human cadaver corneas were mounted in test chambers 10-52 h post mortem, regenerated for 24 h in a modified tissue culture medium, and exposed to a laboratory imitation of elevated intraocular pressure. The endothelial cell density was determined before application of the pressure and after 24 h of culture without a pressure difference between the anterior and the posterior corneal surfaces. Pressure differences of 160 and 80 mmHg maintained for 8 and 72 h did not lead to decreased endothelial cell densities. PMID- 7136560 TI - The effect of transistor-regulated direct current on non-fractured rabbit femur. AB - An experienced study was performed to examine the effects of transistor-regulated 20 microampere direct current on rabbit femur and to evaluate methods of measuring the effects. The anode and the cathode were both placed in drill holes in the anterior aspect of the cortex of the right femur, the left femur being used as a control with the electrodes without current. The effects of the electrical stimulation were evaluated by means of roentgenograms, photomorphometric measurements of the cortical width and measurements of bone volume, ash-weight and 85Sr uptake. In the roentgenograms it could be seen that osteogenesis was induced both at the anode and the cathode. Also, an increased uptake of 85Sr was demonstrated indicating an increased bone formation rate. PMID- 7136561 TI - Experimental osteoarthritis in the rabbit. A study of 133xenon washout rates from the synovial cavity. AB - Synovial perfusion in 6 rabbit knees, with experimentally induced osteoarthritis (joint instability), was studied by recording the initial 133Xe washout rates from the joint space. The unstable osteoarthritic knee was compared with the contralateral sham operated control knee at intervals of 6 to 96 weeks postoperatively. Within the first half year the ratio between the 133Xe washout rates in the osteoarthritic and control joints was significantly increased. These findings were supported by the increased blood flow to the joint region, visualized by scintigraphy of osteoarthritic rabbits given 99mTc-microspheres intracardially. However, methodological sources of error do not allow any conclusions regarding the much less increased 133Xe washout rates found in advanced osteoarthritis. The initially increased synovial blood flow coincided with the existence of joint effusion and the early development of osteophytes, all conditions supposed to be a consequence of posttraumatic synovitis. Attention is drawn to these pathogenic phenomena in studies dealing with the initial changes in experimental models of osteoarthritis and to a possible etiological significance. PMID- 7136562 TI - Normal gait of young and old men and women. Ground reaction force measurement on a treadmill. AB - Forty normal persons had their gait tested using an instrumented treadmill. All were tested at the same speed of gait. The temporal factors of gait, the ataxia, and the external work of the gait were all calculated from the ground reaction forces. Ten women and ten men 20-29 years and ten women and ten men aged 60-69 were tested. The study demonstrated a constant pattern of gait independent of age and sex. PMID- 7136563 TI - Regional vascular volumes and dynamic haematocrit compared to regional perfusion in canine cancellous and cortical bone. AB - Regional vascular volumes in different areas of long bones in dogs were measured with 125I-fibrinogen and 51C-r erythrocytes. According to the volumes determined, the dynamic small vessel haematrocrit was calculated to be 50 per cent of the arterial cortical bone. The perfusion rate in the same regions was determined with 99Tcm-labelled microspheres (size 15 mu +/- 5 mu). A linear relation between perfusion rate and blood volume was demonstrated. The data obtained showed that the perfusion rate and blood volume in the red marrow in the femoral neck are 25 times greater than values obtained from tibial and femoral cortical bone. A thorough testing of the plasma indicators showed that the distribution volume in the tissue for albumin and transferrin is twice the value determined with fibrinogen. The degrees of the indicators seems to be correlated with molecular weight. PMID- 7136564 TI - Normal range of motion of the hip, knee and ankle joints in male subjects, 30-40 years of age. AB - Studies of the normal range of joint motion in human adults are uncommon, and frequently used references are based on materials not immediately accessible. The present paper reports on ranges of motion in healthy male subjects, 30-40 years old, in a randomized sample from the population in the city of Goteborg. It is based on 210 hips, 180 knees and 192 ankle joints. Arcs of passive motion were measured by techniques suggested by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Significant differences were found between the obtained measurements and previous referenced studies. The differences can be due to the measurement procedure, difficulties in measurement technique, the patient material, and inter-individual variations. There was no statistically significant differences between the motions of the right and left side, and its is therefore suggested that a patient's healthy limb can be used for comparison with the affected side in the presence of disease or a lesion. PMID- 7136566 TI - Juxta-articular bone cyst. AB - Juxta-articular bone cyst was first described as a distinct clinical entity by Hicks in 1956 and called "intraosseous ganglion". Hitherto, some 150 similar cases have been described. The cyst, which is usually solitary, occurs in the epiphysis near a weight-bearing joint in middle-aged persons. It may cause persistent pain but is easily overlooked on ordinary X-rays. The histogenesis is uncertain. Six patients treated by thorough curettage and autologous bone transplantation are presented. All achieved immediate relief from pain. Some theoretical aspects concerning the histogenesis are discussed. PMID- 7136565 TI - Hyperaemia and swelling of a limb upon release of a tourniquet. AB - Using monkeys, a quantitative study was carried out to measure the effect of a tourniquet on the lower limb on peak flow, the amount of acute swelling and the time for it to recover. The disappearance of acute swelling is related to the duration of the period of ischaemia. No significant change in peak flow was demonstrated as the duration of the tourniquet was increased. PMID- 7136567 TI - Osteoarthritis of the trapezio-metacarpal joint. Results of treatment with a silicone cap implant. AB - The results of surgical treatment for arthritis of the first carpometacarpal joint using Kessler's silicone implant were examined in a group of 23 patients. The mean follow-up period was 24 months. Pain relief was obtained in 18 patients (78 per cent), functional improvement in daily activities in 16 patients, and power of pinch and power of grasp were improved in 10 out of 13 patients. Limitation of abduction complicated surgery in 6 patients. A high incidence of subluxation was found without correlation to the subjective results. Most of our patients were satisfied with the functional end results. PMID- 7136569 TI - A prospective prevalence study of scoliosis in Southern Sweden. AB - In Malmo, Sweden, 17,181 school children born in the years 1961-1965 were screened for scoliosis once a year between the ages of 7 and 16 years, during 1971-1980. Children with clinical signs of scoliosis including a positive forward bending test were admitted to the Department of Orthopedic Surgery for reinvestigation and AP roentgenograms. There were 474 children with a scoliosis measuring 5 degrees of more (prevalence 2.8 per cent). Among the girls this prevalence was 4.3 per cent (n = 367) and among the boys 1.2 per cent (n = 107). This combined screening test revealed in girls a higher percentage of scoliosis measuring 10-14 degrees than 5-9 degrees, 1.3 and 1.1, respectively. In boys, however, the number of curves measuring 5-9 degrees was almost equal to the number exceeding 9 degrees. Thus, the rotational component of the scoliosis seems to be less pronounced in girls and curves less than 10 degrees can easily be missed in them. Therefore, 10 degrees is recommended as the lower limit when using this screening technique. With 10 degrees as the lower limit, the scoliosis prevalence was 3.2 per cent in girls and 0.5 per cent in boys. Ninety-six of the girls (1.1 per cent) had a scoliosis exceeding 19 degrees. 46 showed a progression of the scoliosis, which indicated brace treatment in 42 cases and surgical treatment in 4 cases. Among the boys 12 had curves measuring more than 19 degrees (0.14 per cent). Four boys with curves exceeding 24 degrees were treated with a brace. Thus, the risk of progression was higher in girls as compared with boys; 0.5 per cent of the girls and 0.05 per cent of the boys were treated. Another 0.2 per cent of the girls should also have been treated but, for various reasons, treatment was not carried out. PMID- 7136568 TI - Treatment of Colles' fracture. A prospective comparison of three different positions of immobilization. AB - The usual treatment of Colles' fracture, i.e. fracture of the distal radius with dorsal angulation of the distal fragment, is closed reduction and immobilization in a plaster cast. The position of the forearm in the cast varies, according to the reports of various authors. Forty-two extra-articular-fractures of the distal radius have been randomly divided into three groups. All were reduced, and the forearms were then immobilized in three different positions of rotation according to the grouping. The study indicates that the position of the forearm during immobilization is of importance as regards redislocation. After application of a plaster cast with the forearm in pronation there seems to be less likelihood of redislocation occurring than when the forearm is immobilized in supination (P less than 0.05). PMID- 7136570 TI - Obstetrical fracture-separation of the upper femoral epiphysis. AB - During the last 15 years we have treated six neonates with obstetrical fracture of the upper epiphysis of the femur. Two other cases have previously been reported by one of us (S.D.T.) in 1958. A common characteristic was a difficult and traumatic breech delivery, half the babies being "large-for-dates". The clinical and radiological signs of this injury are described. In two babies there were associated injuries of the same limb whilst two others had congenital dislocation of the contralateral hip. The prognosis appears to be excellent, in spite of the severity of the injury, and irrespective of treatment. PMID- 7136571 TI - Dislocated femoral neck fractures. A follow-up study of 98 cases treated by multiple AO (ASIF) cancellous bone screws. AB - A series of 98 dislocated femoral neck fractures were treated by closed reduction and osteosynthesis with multiple AO (ASIF) cancellous bone screws. The patients were followed up for 2 years (or until death). The degree of dislocation did not have a statistically significant influence on the failure rate, which was, however, significantly correlated with poor reduction. Thirty-nine percent of the fractures were complicated by non-union or late segmental collapse. Forty-three of the patients participated in the 2 year follow-up examination. Of these patients, 38 had achieved excellent or good hip function. It was concluded that the reduction was the most important single factor in treatment of these factors. PMID- 7136572 TI - Vitamin D metabolism and osteomalacia in patients with fractures of the proximal femur. AB - A high frequency of histological osteomalacia (25 per cent) was seen in patients with fractures of the proximal femur. No correlation was found between the levels of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25 (OH)2D) and the bone histomorphometric changes. The serum 25-OHD levels were normal, which excludes a dietary vitamin D deficiency or a reduced hepatic hydroxylation of the vitamin. The mean serum 1,25-(OD)2D concentration was significantly reduced in the whole patient group, but surprisingly the levels were normal in those with histological osteomalacia, indicating that an impaired conversion of 25-OHD to 1,25-(OH)-2D was not the primary cause of the bone disease. A reduced sensitivity to 1,25-(OH)2D might be a possible explanation for the osteomalacia. PMID- 7136573 TI - Osteomalacia in fractures of the proximal femur. AB - The occurrence of osteomalacia was studied in 58 hip fracture patients who were admitted to the University Central Hospital of Kuopio for operative treatment. Findings indicating osteomalacia were frequent in the series. Hypocalcaemia was found in 70 per cent and an increase in serum alkaline phosphatase in 22 per cent of the patients. Urinary calcium excretion was decreased in 45 per cent and urinary hydroxyproline excretion was increased in 70 per cent of the cases. The serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were significantly decreased in the patients compared with the controls. Histomorphometric analysis revealed no difference in the amount of trabecular bone in the patients compared with the controls, but the amount of osteoid and resorption surfaces was increased in the patients. Histological osteomalacia was found in 12 out of 50 patients (24 per cent). In 10 of these 12 cases the diagnosis of osteomalacia was supported by biochemical changes. There was only one patient, a 29-year-old man with glutein enteropathy who had an evident reason for osteomalacia. The most obvious cause of osteomalacia was the lack of vitamin D due to a deficient diet and lack of exposure to sunlight. The conclusion drawn was that osteoporosis was the main cause and osteomalacia was an important aggravating factor in the bone fragility in these hip fracture patients. PMID- 7136574 TI - Osteoarthritis of the hip and fracture of the proximal end of the femur. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to verify a long-standing clinical observation that patients with fracture of the proximal end of the femur have less evidence of osteoarthritic changes in their hip joints than would have been expected in patients of similar age groups. The radiographs of 342 patients with fractures and those of 157 controls were examined. The statistical results gave uncontroversial evidence that the incidence of osteoarthritic joints was lower in the fracture group. The difference was even greater with severe osteoarthritic changes. This suggests that patients with osteoarthritis have a "better quality" of bone. They are less likely to be suffering from osteoporosis and less liable to fractures of the proximal end of the femur. PMID- 7136575 TI - Migration of the femoral stem in hip arthroplasties. Analysis of associations with structural, radiological and follow-up variables. AB - Medical and/or distal migration of the prosthetic stem was found in 63 out of 337 patients (19 per cent) treated surgically with a Christiansen hemiprosthesis, a Christiansen total hip prosthesis or a Charnley total hip prosthesis. Fractured bone cement, radiolucent zones at the cement/bone interface, resorption of the femoral calcar and cortical sclerosis were all associated with migration. Varus position of the Christiansen total hip prosthesis was significantly associated with medical migration, and a short stem was significantly associated with distal migration. The other structural variables could not be linked with migration. Distal migration was pain-inducing and was significantly associated with late infection. Medical migration had a less distinct association with pain, and was not correlated with infection. Both medical and distal migration were time dependent, and 4 or more years after operation about 2.5 per cent of the prosthetic stems had migrated. PMID- 7136576 TI - Rearthroplasty of the hip joint. AB - Forty patients were reviewed 24 to 52 months after their second, third and fourth arthroplasty of the same hip. The protocol assessed pain, range of motion, leg shortening, gait performance, radiological appearance of the endoprosthesis and included the patient's own evaluation. Results of rearthroplasty were inferior to those of primary procedure, but still good enough, both in the surgeon's and the patient's opinion, to be the method of choice for revision of a failed total hip replacement. PMID- 7136577 TI - Fractured stem in total hip replacement. A clinical review of 120 cases. AB - Clinical review of 120 cases of fractured stem of the now obsolete Charnley "flat back" has shown an incidence of 1.15 per cent. The period of risk was the 11 years from the time of surgery and 97.5 per cent fractured during that time. Before the fractured occurred 87.8 per cent had normal hip function. There was a linear relationship between the patients' weight and the time of the fracture. Patients of comparable weight, and referred from other units, fractured the stem earlier than patients from our unit. Radiographic evidence of failure of the femoral stem fixation, within 1 year of surgery, was found in 77.2 per cent of the hips where serial radiographs were available. This group fractured the stem, on average, 17.3 months earlier. Loss of calcar height was present in 73.3 per cent and was a technical problem at revision. Study of varus/valgus orientation of the stem did not bear out the commonly held opinion; in patients of comparable weight valgus stems fractured earlier than varus stems. Mechanical loosening of the socket in the group was 12.9 per cent. Detachment of the trochanter following revision was 12.1 per cent and the dislocation rate 5.2 per cent. The findings suggest that the surgical technique, as regards preparation of the medullary canal and the cement injection, and the patients' weight, are the most important factors in the complication under study. PMID- 7136578 TI - Prospective stress radiographic study of knee ligament injuries in 62 patients treated by acute repair. AB - A prospective clinical and stress radiographic study comprising 62 patients was performed to assess the value of acute repair of 35 isolated collateral ligament injuries and 27 major injuries. After a follow-up period of 6 years there was no lateral or medical instability in 42 out of 46 patients. This included 31 out of 33 patients in the group with medial collateral ligament injuries. Among the patients with major injuries 16 (60 per cent) had drawer signs, but in only 6 was there significant instability (greater than 6 mm). In the total material it proved difficult to prevent the development of rotatory instability. This was present in 10 patients preoperatively and in 19 at follow-up. However, this instability was on the whole slight and was experienced as annoying by only 4 patients. Measurement of passive instability showed that 55 per cent (34/62) had become completely stable, but this applied to only 30 per cent (8/27) of patients with major injuries. The functional end result was unsatisfactory in 8 patients (13 per cent). Although several patients could compensate muscularly for a marked passive instability, there was a significant correlation between instability and functional loss. PMID- 7136579 TI - Histological changes in clinical half-joint allograft replacements. AB - Fourteen biopsies of cartilage and subchondral bone were taken from nine half joint knee allografts 10 weeks to 8 years after the transplantation. Deep-frozen cadaver grafts were used to replace the defective half-joint after resection for bone tumour. The biopsies revealed a slow substitution of the dead grafted bone and cartilage. Subchondrally, signs of incorporation could be seen from 12 months on. The dead cartilage matrix degraded gradually and slow simultaneous regeneration was observed. Thus, fibrocartilage was seen on the articular surface of the graft at 12 months, chondrocytes were present at 18 months, but islands of hyaline cartilage were not seen earlier than 7 years after the transplantation. In accordance with the earlier clinical findings, the histological signs of rejection were minimal. The long-term result of half-joint allograft transplantation is obviously dependent on the cartilage component. PMID- 7136580 TI - The use of Ender nails in tibial shaft fractures. AB - The results of 31 fractures of the tibial shaft treated with closed Ender nailing and early weight-bearing are reported. Twenty-five of these fractures were closed and six open. All fractures united between 6 and 16 weeks after operation. No case of deep wound infection was encountered. Comminuted fractures of the proximal and distal third were prone to angular deformities and needed cast protection post-operatively. Nail reinsertion became necessary in two patients. Delay of operation renders closed reduction very difficult. The advantages of this method are: 1) normal knee and ankle movements are possible during healing and 2) there is relatively rapid restoration of bone continuity. PMID- 7136581 TI - Incidence of fractures on the distal radius and proximal femur: comparison of patients in a mental hospital and the general population. AB - A statistically significant increase in the incidence of fractures of the distal radius was found in the general population of southern Sweden during recent decades. As regards fractures of the proximal femur, an increase in the incidence of trochanteric fractures was observed only in women. In male patients at a mental hospital the fracture rate of the distal radius was the same as in the general population but the fracture rate of the proximal femur was about twelve times higher. In female patients at the same mental hospital the fracture rate of the distal radius was three times greater and that of proximal femur about seven times greater than that of the general population. This difference may not only be due to an increased skeletal fragility in patients in mental institutions but may also suggest poorer protective mechanisms against falls. Undiagnosed cardiovascular or neurological diseases, for example intermittent cardiac arrhythmia or transient cerebral ischaemic attacks, may cause falls. Early diagnosis and treatment of such diseases may reduce the number of fractures of the proximal femur. PMID- 7136582 TI - Electrical stimulation of osteogenesis: studies of the cathode effect on rabbit femur. AB - Three series of experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of 20 microampere constant direct current on rabbit femora. Stainless steel cathodes were introduced into the medullary cavity and anodes were placed subcutaneously. Both femora were operated on in the same manner but only the right femur was stimulated electrically. The osteogenic effect was determined histomorphometrically in two of the series. No difference in osteogenic response between the right and the left femora was found. In the third series, the femora were divided into proportionally equal parts and bone volume, ash-weight and activity of 85Sr were determined. A non-significant increase in new bone formation in the cathodal region of the right femora was noted. Our conclusion is that direct cathodal current has a weak stimulating effect on new bone formation in rabbit femora. PMID- 7136583 TI - Gait analysis with an angle diagram technique: application in healthy persons and in studies of Marmor knee arthroplasties. AB - Normal step dimension data were obtained from six healthy subjects by recording step length and step frequency at different walking speeds. In addition, an externally applied goniometer system was used to measure the sagittal knee and hip joint movements in eleven persons with healthy joints. The movements were recorded on an oscilloscope in the form of a so-called angle diagram during walking. In seven patients undergoing Marmor knee arthroplasty the same gait analysis as in the healthy subjects was performed before and after operation. The results were compared by a clinical scoring system for pain and walking ability and by measurement of passive knee mobility and passive extension deficit. The angle diagram permitted recording of functional sagittal mobility and functional extension deficit during walking. The functional knee mobility during walking was found to be pain-dependent; thus increasing pain is accompanied by a gradual decrease in functional mobility despite good passive knee joint motion. In several patients the functional extension deficit during walking was increased compared with the extension deficit on passive movement. The clinical improvements after knee arthroplasty corresponded very well to the increased functional knee mobility during walking measured on the angle diagram. PMID- 7136584 TI - Intraosseous pressure in the patella in relation to simulated joint effusion and knee position: an experimental study in puppies. AB - Simultaneous pressure measurements were carried out in the patella, juxtaarticular epiphyses and the knee joint cavity of six mongrel puppies. The mean intraosseous pressure in the patella was 12.2 mmHg, range 8-15 mmHg. An increase in intraarticular pressure in turn caused an increase in the intraosseous pressure of the patella and juxtaarticular epiphyses. The pressure increase in the patella was the most pronounced. During extension of the knee joint, a significant rise in intraosseous pressure of the tibial epiphysis and patella was observed, whereas during flexion femoral epiphyseal pressure and patellar pressure increased significantly. The introduction of moderate intraarticular effusion amplified intraosseous pressure responses during flexion of the knee joint. The intraosseous pressure changes during knee movement could not be explained solely by the corresponding changes in intraarticular pressure. Intraosseous phlebography revealed a venous drainage system largely parallel to the arterial blood supply. The contrast clearance time was decreased during moderate elevation of the intraarticular pressure, suggesting increased bone blood flow of the patella. PMID- 7136585 TI - Fibrin adhesive system (FAS) influence on bone healing rate: a microradiographical evaluation using the bone growth chamber. AB - A dividable titanium implant containing two canals was inserted into both tibial metaphyses of 5 adult rabbits to test whether the Fibrin Adhesive System (FAS) can accelerate bone regeneration. On one side the implants were pretreated with FAS whereas the implants on the contralateral side were bathed in autologous blood and marrow. After a healing time of 4-5 weeks the assembled implants were removed and then taken apart. The amount of bone which had grown into the canals was quantified by microradiography and microdensitometry. The FAS-treated implants showed a tendency to contain less bone than the medullary cell-treated ones. It is concluded that more evidence should be gathered before recommending FAS treatment to accelerate bone regeneration. It is submitted in addition that the dividable titanium implant, the Bone Growth Chamber, may be useful for quantification of early bone formation under various experimental conditions. PMID- 7136586 TI - Moire topography in school screening for structural scoliosis. AB - Schoolgirls, aged 10-17 years, were screened for structural scoliosis at school using both conventional clinical screening with a forward bending test and moire topography. Those suspected of having scoliosis were examined in an orthopaedic clinic for the presence of clinically significant scoliosis, defined as lateral deviation of 10 degrees or more measured according to Cobb. The screening revealed 41 cases of scoliosis, corresponding to a prevalence of 4.1 per cent. In 39 girls the scoliosis had not been recognized previously. In this study moire topography revealed twice as many cases of scoliosis as did conventional clinical screening. The diagnostic sensitivity of moire topography proved to be high (0.997). The method is, however, loaded by many false positive results. No correlation between the degree of lateral deviation, judged by X-ray examination, and the difference in contour lines, judged by moire topography, was found. PMID- 7136587 TI - A comparative study of the efficiency of different types of school screening for scoliosis. AB - The efficiency of scoliosis screening was studied among school children in the city of Malmo during the seventies. All children were investigated annually during this decade. The efficiency of the screening varied, however, from one in which no specific information at all was given to the school health authorities to the other extreme where a specially trained school nurse carried out a combined moire -- clinical screening programme. A significant decrease in the mean value of the degree of scoliosis was recorded when diagnosis was made with more effective screening. The best result was achieved when using the combined moire - clinical screening programme. Furthermore, with this method, the scoliosis was diagnosed at an earlier age and consequently, the number of cases operated on decreased. Thus the cost of effective school screening will be covered merely by avoiding operation in a few cases. PMID- 7136588 TI - Femoral neck angles: a specimen study with special regard to bilateral differences. AB - The femoral neck angles were determined in 48 pairs of normal specimens from cadavers of elderly Norwegians, 24 males and 24 females. The anteversion angle was found to average 10.4 degrees +/- 6.7 degrees and the neck-shaft 127.7 degrees +/- 7.6 degrees. There were no significant differences between the sexes. The bilateral differences were analysed. The 95 per cent confidence limits of the anteversion and head-neck-shaft angles were calculated to be 11.8 and 13.8 degrees, respectively. PMID- 7136589 TI - Femoral neck angles in osteoarthritis of the hip. AB - Femoral neck angles were determined in 44 patients with unilateral or bilateral idiopathic osteoarthritis of the hip. The mean anteversion angle was 20 degrees +/- 9 degrees and the neck-shaft angle 131 degrees +/- 7 degrees. In comparison with a normal material the anteversion was significantly larger in the patients (P less than 0.001), but no difference was found in the neck-shaft angle. A positive correlation between the size of the anteversion and the severity of the disease was observed. It is concluded that increased anteversion of the femoral neck may contribute to the development of osteoarthritis of the hip. PMID- 7136591 TI - The risk of acetabular protrusion following prosthetic replacement of the femoral head. AB - A total of 24 patients treated with hemiarthroplasty showed a crude frequency of acetabular protrusion of 26 per cent. Two factors were associated with the development of protrusion: the length of the follow-up period and previous hip operation. The frequency of protrusion was estimated using logistic regression techniques based on information concerning the age of the patients, the length of the follow-up period and any previous hip operation. The frequency ranged from 4.8 per cent for a patient of 75 years or under, with a follow-up period of less than 12 months and no previous hip operation, to 61 per cent for patients of over 75 years, with a follow-up period exceeding 12 months, and a previous hip operation. Patients of over 75 years were 1.7 times more likely to develop protrusion than younger patients, patients previously operated on were 2.3 times more likely to develop protrusion than those not operated on previously, and patients with a follow-up time period exceeding 12 months were 7.9 times more likely to develop protrusion than patients with a shorter follow-up time. PMID- 7136590 TI - Wagner resurfacing hip arthroplasty: preliminary results. AB - Resurfacing arthroplasty according to Wagner was used in 40 hips (31 patients) with coxarthrosis or arthritis. The severe, disabling preoperative pain was eliminated in all patients. There was a considerable increase in range of movement, and the functional results were very good. Of the 24 patients previously in employment but disabled by their hip condition, 22 have returned to their former occupations. Complications occurred in only four cases. PMID- 7136592 TI - Influence of hip arthroplasty upon chemotactic behaviour of leucocytes. AB - Fourteen patients treated with total hip endoprosthesis were investigated for leucocyte defects. A chemotactic assay was used as an indicator of leucocyte function. Tests were carried out preoperatively and on postoperative days 1, 3 and 6. The chemotactic index started to decline on the first postoperative day, reached a peak on the third day after surgery and returned to almost preoperative values on the sixth day. The results might provide a clinical explanation for the data showing a high postoperative infection rate in total hip surgery. PMID- 7136593 TI - A vascular necrosis following traumatic hip dislocation in childhood: factors of influence. AB - An evaluation was made of the factors possibly influencing the incidence of vascular necrosis in a collected series of 412 traumatic hip dislocations in children. This series consisted of 145 cases with necrosis, and 267 dislocations in which this complication had not developed after a follow-up period of 2 years or more. The age of the patient, the severity of the injury, the type of dislocation and the interval before reduction proved to be influencing factors. The reduction procedure appeared to play a similar role, but this could not be definitely assessed. The post-reduction immobilization and the interval before weight-bearing had no influence. Therapeutic principles are indicated. PMID- 7136594 TI - Natural history of avascular necrosis following traumatic hip dislocation in childhood: a review of 145 cases. AB - One hundred and forty-five cases of traumatic hip dislocation in children, complicated with avascular necrosis, were reviewed. Necrosis involved the capital epiphysis and the growth plate, and the resulting changes followed different patterns. These changes in younger children were mostly dependent on the disturbance of the growth plate, and resembled Calve-Perthes' disease in most of its features. In older children necrosis of the femoral head occurred, as in adults. Analysis of long-term results suggest that the frequency of deformities is extremely high, and a significant incidence of degenerative joint disease can be anticipated. PMID- 7136595 TI - Level selection in leg amputation for arterial occlusive disease: a comparison of clinical evaluation and skin perfusion pressure. AB - In 102 leg amputations for arterial occlusion including 84 below-knee (BK), 16 above-knee (AD) and 2 through-knee (TK) amputations, the amputation level was determined by means of clinical criteria. The healing results and the selection of levels were then compared with sealed preoperative measurements of the skin perfusion pressure (SPP). Out of 62 BK amputations with an SPP above 30 mmHg wound healing failed in only 2 cases (3 per cent). Out of 13 BK amputations with an SPP between 20 and 30 mmHg 7 cases (54 per cent) failed and out of 9 BK amputations with an SPP below 20 mmHg no less than 8 cases (89 per cent) failed to heal. The difference in failure rate is significant (P less than 0.0001). Out of the 15 failed BK amputations at low pressures (below 30 mmHg) only one case had local signs of ischaemia, which might have warned the surgeons. On the other hand, in 13 out of the 18 cases of primary AK (or TK) amputations there were clinical signs of ischaemia of the calf, comprising temperature demarcation, cyanosis and/or necrotic skin lesion. The SPP below the knee appeared in all these cases to lie below 30 mmHg. In the 5 other cases of primary AK (or TK) amputation the knee was sacrificed for reasons other than signs of local ischaemia, e.g. poor physical or mental condition. It was moreover found that the presence of pulsations in the popliteal artery indicated an 89 per cent chance of healing of BK amputations. Infection was present in 24 BK amputations (28 per cent) and equally frequent among diabetic and non-diabetic cases. The postoperative SPP measured on the stumps averaged only 5 mmHg (P less than 0.05) higher than the preoperative SPP explaining why the preoperative SPP related closely to the postoperative course. It is concluded that ischaemia at the BK election site cannot be ruled out by clinical assessment alone and that preoperative determination of the SPP can be used in determining the chance of healing in BK amputations. PMID- 7136596 TI - Plate osteosynthesis for shaft fractures of the tibia. PMID- 7136597 TI - Dynamics of adrenal steroidogenesis in childhood: steroid excretion in prepubertal and pubertal girls. AB - C19-C21O2-3 steroid spectrum and C21O5 corticoids have been studied in the urine collected from 29 girls aged 2-14 years. A total of 34 investigations was carried out by means of simultaneous two-column gas chromatography. The values of steroid excretion have been expressed in terms related to body weight and body surface, respectively. Before the age of seven the excretion of C19O2 steroids representing adrenal androgens and their metabolites did not exceed 7 micrograms/kg/day or 170 micrograms/m2/day ("infantile type androgen excretion"). Then it began to increase between the 7th and 9th years of life and preceded the appearance of the physical signs of adrenarche. The increase was accelerated during puberty and no value under 18 micrograms/kg/day, or 600 micrograms/m2/day, respectively, was found when the physical signs of adrenarche were present ("puberty type androgen excretion"). Excretion of 11-oxygenated C19 steroids, C21O5 corticoids and pregnenediol was also augmented during puberty; however, when compared with the increase in C19O2 excretion this augmentation was moderate. As a consequence of the marked elevation in C19O2 excretion, the ratio of C19O2 to C21O5, too, increased during puberty, indicating that the cortisol androgen dissociation, otherwise characteristic of childhood, had ceased. It is concluded that the most plausible explanation of the increased androgen production is the gradual development of the zona reticularis during puberty. PMID- 7136598 TI - Skin haemangioma: treatment by cryosurgery. PMID- 7136599 TI - The cerebrospinal fluid of newborn infants with perinatal hypoxia. PMID- 7136600 TI - Thyrotropin and prolactin response to ambient temperature in newborn infants. AB - Plasma TSH and PRL level was measured by RIA in 8 full-term newborn infants with mean birth weight of 3420 g (range 3000-4100 g) and mean gestational age of 39.0 weeks (range 38-40 weeks) at postnatal age of 3-4 days. Determinations were performed at neutral thermal environment (32 degrees C) and after 1 h exposure to cold (28 degrees C) and warm (37 degrees C) environment. In response to cold challenge, TSH and PRL increased significantly from 4.17 +/- 0.28 mU/1 and 4625 +/- mU/1 to 4.76 +/- 0.21 mU/1 (p less than 0.01) and 5975 +/- 944 mU/1 (p less than 0.05), respectively. When the newborns were placed in warm environment, both TSH and PRL fell significantly to 3.52 +/- 0.4 mU/1 (p less than 0.05) and 3318 +/- 759 mU/1 (p less than 0.05), respectively. A weakly significant positive correlation was found between TSH and PRL levels suggesting that thermal stress in the newborn results in similar alterations in TSH and PRL, presumably through the same central mechanism. PMID- 7136601 TI - Current issues in the practice of genetic counselling. PMID- 7136602 TI - [Pathogenesis of bronze-baby syndrome: coproporphyrin excretion in hyperbilirubinemic newborns]. PMID- 7136603 TI - Subdural effusion in the first six months of life. AB - During the period 1978-1981, among 1280 (0-12 months old) infants suffering from consequences of various pre- and perinatal cerebral lesions, positive neuroradiological changes were found in 148 cases. Of these, 56 proved to be real subdural effusions with elevated ICP and increased protein content. Periodical transfontanellar taps and drainage were effective in 49 cases. A neurosurgical operation was performed in 7 infants because of the poor effect of the above treatment. In these 7 infants the encapsulation process was nearly complete. Early chronic subdural effusion exerts a devastating influence on the maturing brain partly by the high ICP. Early treatment often cures the process and major surgery is not needed. Early neurorehabilitation and habilitation coordinated with elimination of the effusion is the method of choice. Prudence is recommended in selecting the appropriate cases for instrumental therapy because some small effusions and fluid accumulations may disappear by the end of the first year. PMID- 7136604 TI - Trisomy 5q15-q31 due to maternal insertion, ins (6; 5) (q21; q15q31). PMID- 7136605 TI - 11q--syndrome. PMID- 7136606 TI - Acute hepatitis B in infants born to HBsAG asymptomatic carrier mothers. AB - Within an eight-month period, five cases of acute hepatitis B were observed in children born to asymptomatic HBsAg carrier mothers. At delivery, four mothers were HBeAg-positive and one was anti-HBe-positive. At an average age of 17+/-3 weeks the infants showed high transaminases levels and appearance of markers of HBV infection. Three children became HBsAG chronic carriers, one had a brief HBsAg-antigenemia (1 week), while the last one showed clinical and biochemical signs of hepatitis B in absence of detectable HBsAg but with anti-HBc and anti HBe (window phase) and later became anti-HBs-positive. PMID- 7136607 TI - Perceptual, motor and attentional deficits in six-year-old children. Screening procedure in pre-school. AB - 3 448 six-year-old Swedish children were screened for perceptual, motor and attentional deficits with the help of a questionnaire containing 34 yes-no questions. Epidemiological aspects of single symptoms and of groups of symptoms are presented. Boys displayed many more problems than girls. Children attending day nurseries had more problems than part-time pre-school children, particularly as regards attention and behaviour. 141 of the children- 82 with and 59 without questionnaire symptoms suggestive of so-called MBD-had been examined in an extended neuro-psychiatric study. A discriminant analysis of the questionnaire was performed for these 141 children which demonstrated that a set of 6 questions had a high discriminating capacity detecting for MBD-syndromes. PMID- 7136608 TI - Smoking habits in 9 000 Danish schoolchildren. AB - A stratified sample of 9 158 Danish schoolchildren from 39 schools and 118 children from a handball club team championship participated in a questionnaire survey of smoking habits. Compared with previous investigations, decrease in the percentage of children who had tried to smoke and in the children who actually smoked were observed. In most of the classes, smokers now constitute a numerical minority. In most of the older age-groups, preponderance of girl smokers is now present. Most of the smokers started to smoke out of curiosity or because their companions were smokers whereas only 5% started to smoke because their parents were smokers. Children in the capital became regular smokers earlier than children in rural areas. Only 8% of the children participating in a championship of handball teams were smokers whereas 31% of the remainder of the material in the same age-group were smokers. If more children could be encouraged to participate in sports, it is possible that attitudes which could reinforce smoking health education could be established. PMID- 7136609 TI - Prevalence of headache in Swedish schoolchildren. A questionnaire survey. AB - Fourhundred and two (402) schoolchildren in the age-groups 7, 11 and 15 years answered a questionnaire concerning headache. Recurrent headache was reported by 23% of the children, while 52% said that they had headache occasionally. Headache was more common among the older children than among the younger ones, and in the oldest age-group headache was more common in girls than in boys. 6% of the children had consulted a physician for their headache. In most cases, the headache was of varying character. It often occurred in the afternoon and evening but even during schooltime, and was generally of short duration. Children with recurrent headache had more severe headache and headache of longer duration than children with headache occasionally who also more often thought that their headache was provoked by illness. In the oldest age-group a positive correlation was found between headache and a high rate of absence from school, and a negative correlation between headache and grade in physical education. PMID- 7136610 TI - Early diagnosis of mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome. PMID- 7136611 TI - Human milk banking. II. Relative stability of immunologic factors in stored colostrum. PMID- 7136614 TI - Epidermolysis bullosa in association with aplasia cutis congenita and pyloric atresia. AB - A female infant born to a mother who had an elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein during early pregnancy, presented a combination of epidermolysis bullosa and aplasia cutis congenita. She developed evidence of upper gastrointestinal obstruction and died at the age of 43 hours. Post-mortem examination showed the presence of pyloric atresia and electron microscopy of skin biopsies showed epidermolysis bullosa simplex. Examination of the placenta revealed a unique abnormality of the membranes, indicating the existence of two sacs. This case and the previously reported cases, which are reviewed, suggest an autosomal recessive inheritance. Serum alphafetoprotein estimation, ultrasonography and fetoscopy with skin biopsy are suggested as a means of pre-natal diagnosis in future pregnancies. PMID- 7136612 TI - Rapid detection of streptococcal antigens by latex agglutination test in neonatal body fluids. PMID- 7136613 TI - Leukocyte transfusion in severe neonatal varicella. AB - A female neonate with severe varicella is reported. She was treated with THF and a leukocyte transfusion from her convalescent mother. This procedure seems to have been a turning point, after which she recovered fully. There were no untoward effects from this treatment. PMID- 7136616 TI - Metabolic events in infants of diabetic mothers during first 24 hours after birth. III. Changes in plasma amino acids. AB - Plasma amino acid concentration (AAC) were studied in 31 diabetic mothers (10 of White class A, 10 of B-C and 11 of D-F) and their 32 infants during the first 24 hours after birth. Only minor differences between the 3 groups were found at birth and 2 hours, and none at 12 and 24 hours after birth. The individual AAC in umbilical vein plasma did not correlate with birthweight. All AAC except aspartic acid, asparagine, cystine and glutamic acid were higher in umbilical venous plasma than in maternal plasma. Umbilical venous-arterial differences of amino acids did not correlate with maternal or umbilical vein insulin concentrations except for threonine and valine. In general essential amino acids decreased after birth. In 8 infants with hypoglycemia and hyperinsulinism at 2 hours of age several plasma amino acids were lower than in the normoglycemic infants. PMID- 7136615 TI - Metabolic events in infants of diabetic mothers during first 24 hours after birth. II. Changes in plasma lipids. AB - Changes in plasma glycerol (FG), free fatty acids (FFA) and triglyceride (TG) were studied in 24 normo- and 8-hypoglycemic infants of diabetic mothers (IDM). In both groups a normal rise in plasma FG 2 hours after birth was found indicating unimpaired lipolysis. The rise in plasma FFA, however, was only about 50% of normal in normoglycemic IDM and about 25% of normal in hypoglycemic IDM. The rise in plasma TG was normal in normoglycemic and about 70% of normal in hypoglycemic IDM. The 2 hour rise in plasma FFA correlated with the 2 hour concentration of insulin and glucose, whereas the rise in plasma FG and TG did not. Maternal plasma FFA correlated with fetal FFA retention (umbilical vein minus artery (V-A) FFA concentrations). No correlations were found between maternal plasma FFA values and birth-weights nor between umbilical V-A FFA concentrations and birth-weights. PMID- 7136617 TI - TSH and thyroxine in stored neonatal filter-paper blood samples from patients with congenital hypothyroidism. AB - Filter paper blood samples collected neonatally from infants with congenital hypothyroidism were analysed retrospectively for TSH (n = 41) and thyroxine (n = 16). The patients were detected by clinical signs and symptoms and treatment was started during the first two years of life. Similar blood samples from control infants were analysed for comparison. All CH patients would have been detected neonatally if screening had been based on TSH analyses with a cut-off limit corresponding to 50 mU of TSH/l of plasma. A screening programme involving analyses of thyroxine would require considerably higher recall frequency to yield 100% sensitivity. These results support a nationwide CH screening program based on TSH analyses of PKU filter paper blood samples using 50 mU/l of plasma as the cut-off limit. PMID- 7136618 TI - Interrelation between fatty acid oxidation and control of gluconeogenic substrates in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants with hypoglycemia and with normoglycemia. AB - Twelve SGA infants were studied from 4 hours after birth (day 1), before and for 4 hours after injection of 0.5 g of fat/kg b.w. (Intralipid, IL). Eight infants were restudied after 24 hours (day 2). A positive correlation was found between initial samples of FFA and glucose on day 1 (n = 11, r 0.71, p less than 0.02) and between FFA and beta-hydroxybutyrate (n = 12, r 0.62, p less than 0.05), suggesting that FFA mobilization and oxidation in SGA infants with low blood glucose. After IL infants with low blood glucose had a more pronounced defect of intravascular lipolysis. Four infants had initial hypoglycemia (HG), with blood glucose 0.4-1.3 mmol/l, and 8 were normoglycemic (NG). In the NG group initial levels of lactate and alanine were within normal limits, and no changes occurred after IL. An early peak of glycerol was seen. In the HG group initial lactate and alanine levels were higher than in the NG group, while glycerol did not differ. After injection of IL, glucose increased at 60 and 120 min in the HG group. A close correlation was found between mean levels of lactate and alanine and a negative correlation between lactate and glucose, while no correlation was found between glycerol and glucose levels. The infants with the lowest initial glucose and the highest lactate levels had the steepest rise in glucose and the fastest decrease in lactase per unit increase in beta-hydroxybutyrate after IL. On day 2 the initial levels of lactate and alanine were lower than on day 1 and all infants were normoglycemic. A glucose peak corresponding to the glycerol peak was seen after IL, but lactate and alanine levels did not change. These data were consistent with reduced lipolytic capacity, low fatty acid oxidation and reduced gluconeogenesis in SGA infants on day 1, especially in those with HG. The glucose and beta-hydroxybutyrate levels were rapidly increasing and lactate levels decreasing after IL, suggesting improving gluconeogenesis concomitantly with increasing fatty acid oxidation. PMID- 7136619 TI - Effects of injected lipid emulsion on oxygen consumption, RQ, triglyceride, free fatty-acid and beta-hydroxybutyrate levels in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants. AB - Ten SGA infants were studied from 4 hours after birth (day l) and again at 28 hours (day 2) before and for 4 hours after single injections of 0.5 g of Intralipid fat/kg b.w. (IL-group). Eight other SGA infants were given 9-10 ml/kg of breast milk (BM-group). After lipid injection the elimination of triglycerides (TG) from plasma was markedly delayed. On day 2 lipolysis had improved but was still slower than in previously studied AGA infants. The initial FFA plasma level was higher on day 1 than on day 2. Oxidation of released fatty acids was confirmed by a significant increase of VO2 and a decrease of RQ on day 1 and 2. In all infants the beta-hydroxybutyrate level in plasma increased and was still elevated 4 hours after injection of fat. A negative correlation was found between beta-hydroxybutyrate levels and RQ. In the BM-group changes in TG and beta hydroxybutyrate levels were small and insignificant. FFA had decreased 60 min after breast milk on day 1. IN CONCLUSION: TG elimination from plasma was impaired on day 1 and had slightly improved on day 2. The fatty acids released by lipolysis were oxidized as seen by increasing VO2, falling RQ and increasing beta hydroxybutyrate plasma levels both on day 1 and day 2. PMID- 7136620 TI - Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in preterm and term neonates. AB - There is a little information on vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the neonatal period. We have measured plasma concentrations of this biologically important peptide in 159 preterm infants and 98 term neonates. Preterm neonates during the first four days of life had plasma VIP concentrations which were five times greater than the levels in 12 healthy adult controls (9.6+/-0.7 pmol/l, mean +/-S.E.M., compared with 1.9+/-0.5 pmol/l, p less than 0.001), and these elevated concentrations persisted throughout the neonatal period. In contrast term infants on the sixth day of life, had plasma VIP concentrations only half those seen in preterm infants on the same post natal age (p less than 0.001). Bottle-fed term infants had higher VIP levels than those who were breast fed (5.6+/-0.4 vs. 4.3+/-0,4, p less than 0.05). Plasma VIP concentrations did not change following a feed in any of the groups of neonates studied. The high plasma levels of VIP described may indicate a reduced neuropeptide clearance mechanism in neonates or alternatively, suggest a hitherto unrecognised role for this peptide hormone in the neonatal period. PMID- 7136621 TI - Comparison between two preparations of human serum albumin in treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia. AB - Thirty-six newborn infants with normal birth weights and with uncomplicated hyperbilirubinaemia, treated with light, were studied. At onset of phototherapy the infants received intravenously 1 g human serum albumin (HSA) per kg body weight as a 9% solution. Two different preparations of HAS were used and compared. One of these, HSAI, contained sodium caprylate and N-acetyltryptophan, 5 mmol/l of each, as stabilizers. HSAII contained only caprylate, 5 mmol/l. Nineteen infants received HSAI and seventeen infants HSAII. The reserve albumin for binding of bilirubin, measured by the [14C] MADDS method, was low in both preparations in vitro. During the infusion, the serum concentrations of albumin and reserve albumin increased and the serum unconjugated bilirubin concentration decreased, resulting in a fall in the index of plasma bilirubin toxicity in all infants. After completion of the infusion, the serum concentrations of albumin and reserve albumin declined, and a slight rise in index occurred. The increase in the serum reserve albumin concentration was markedly higher during infusion of HSAII than of HSAI. It is concluded that infusion of both HSA preparations during phototherapy provides an immediate protection against bilirubin encephalopathy. HSAI is inferior to HSAII, probably due to its content of N-acetyltryptophan. PMID- 7136622 TI - Urinary monohydroxy bile acids in young infants with obstructive jaundice. AB - Using an aluminum oxide column, we fractionated and quantitatively determined urinary monohydroxy bile acids in young infants. For comparison purposes, monohydroxy bile acids were also measured in urine from older children and adults with obstructive jaundice. Lithocholic acid was not found in any specimens of the young infants examined, while 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid was detected in all. In the biliary atresia group, 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid excreted was 0.45+/-0.28 mumol per day (n=7), and in the neonatal hepatitis group, 0.48+/-0.44 mumol per day (n=9). The mean rate of 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid to total urinary bile acids in the biliary atresia group was 2.1%, and 1.3% in the neonatal hepatitis group. In the older children and adults with obstructive jaundice (n=6), 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid was excreted at a mean rate of 3.9% of total urinary bile acids, ranging from 0.63 to 14.81 mol per day. The excretion rate of 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid was related to that of chenodeoxycholic acid (p less than 0.05) in infants, while it was related to that of both chenodeoxycholic acid (p less than 0.01) and cholic acid (p less than 0.05) in older children and adults. PMID- 7136624 TI - Progressive dystonia and dyskinesia in childhood. A review of some recent advances. PMID- 7136623 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid ferritin in newborn infants. Elevated levels in cerebral infection or bleeding. AB - One hundred and four infants with neurological symptoms or suspected infection during the neonatal period were consecutively investigated with respect to ferritin and albumin concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In some cases serial determinations of CSF ferritin were performed during the period in the neonatal unit. CSF ferritin was significantly higher in infants that recovered very soon from a transient neonatal disorder (TND) than in apparently healthy adults. No difference in CSF ferritin was found between full-term infants with TND and pre-term infants with TND or asphyxiated infants. Three out of five infants with septicaemia or meninigitis showed a marked increase in CSF ferritin during the observation period, and the same finding was made in three infants with intracranial bleeding, in whom CSF ferritin values 100 times the upper reference limit for infants with TND were recorded. In two infants with neonatal convulsions secondary to asphyxia moderate CSF elevations were observed. No correlation was found between ferritin and albumin in CSF, suggesting that other mechanisms than passive penetration from blood into CSF must have been responsible for the raised levels of CSF ferritin. More likely the observed ferritin increments reflect ferritin release from macrophages undergoing phagocytosis either induced by cerebral bleeding or due to infectious agents. PMID- 7136625 TI - Sudden infant death in Copenhagen 1956--1971. IV. Infant development. AB - 131 cases of the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) among infants born in the Municipality of Copenhagen in 1956-71 were analysed on the basis of data collected prospectively by the infant health visitors. Compared with living controls, the frequency of maturity and the mean birth weight and length were lower among the SIDS infants. After making the SIDS and control groups comparable with respect to birth weight and type of feeding, we found a tendency towards a slower growth rate among the SIDS victims. The SIDS victims started to smile and prattle later than controls, while there was no difference as regards the average age at which the infants became able to hold their heads. It is concluded that the differences are so small and the individual variations so wide that birth weight and length, growth rate, and psychomotor development will not be useful predictors of the SIDS. PMID- 7136626 TI - Transepidermal water loss in newborn infants. VI. Heat exchange with the environment in relation to gestational age. AB - The amount of water evaporated from the skin of newborn infants and the temperatures of the skin, of the ambient air, and of the surfaces facing the infants were measured and used as a basis for calculation of the evaporative, radiative and convective heat exchange between the infant and the environment. The infants were of varying gestational ages, from 25 to 39 completed weeks of gestation. Evaporative heat exchange was high in the most preterm infants when nursed at a low ambient humidity, while the high ambient humidity needed to maintain these infants at a stable body temperature led to a low loss of heat through radiation and convection or even a heat gain. In the more mature infants evaporative heat exchange was lower, while radiative and convective heat exchange was higher. PMID- 7136627 TI - Incidence and survival curves of cystic fibrosis in Sweden. AB - A registry of all patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) in Sweden has been kept since 1968. During the 10-year period 1968-1977 the number of CF patients in Sweden increased by about 8-9 per year, i.e. from 116 to 200, the median age of patients increased from 5 to 11 years, the percentage of patients above 18 years of age increased from 3 to 9 of the total CF population, and the median survival age increased from 7.5 to 16 years. For CF patients born without meconium ileus the median survival age in 1973-1977 was 17.8 years. From these figures the incidence of CF in Sweden is estimated to be 1 : 2200 to 1 : 4500. Several factors may have contributed to the improved outcome for CF patients, such as better medical treatment with more intensive physical therapy, the use of inhalation therapy and new antibiotics, improved social care and intensified information. PMID- 7136628 TI - Trace metals in cystic fibrosis. AB - Serum zinc and copper concentration, 24 hrs urinary zinc and copper excretion, plasma selenium and red blood cell glutathione peroxidase activity were measured in 13 cystic fibrosis patients aged 6 to 15 years. The mean serum zinc value +/- S.D. (17.3 mumol/l +/- 4.6) did not differ from that of the control group (17.9 mumol/l +/- 3.1). Urinary zinc excretion in 12 out of 13 patients was within the normal range (1.53-13.8 mumol/24 hrs). The mean serum copper +/- S.D. (23.8 mumol/l +/- 4.2) was not significantly elevated as compared to the value found in the control group (19.2 mumol/l +/- 3.5), but 4 children, including 1 with documented portal hypertension, showed an urinary copper excretion greater than 0.94 mumol/24 hrs (normal: 0.16-0.80 mumol/24 hrs). Mean plasma selenium +/- S.D. (0.84 mumol/l +/- 0.25) was significantly reduced as compared to the control group (1.0 mumol/l +/- 0.15) (p less than 0.05). The correlation between selenium concentration and RBC glutathione peroxidase activity was significant (p less than 0.01). A negative correlation was also found between plasma selenium and 24 hrs faecal fat excretion (p less than 0.05). It is concluded that CF children with severe dysfunction of the exocrine pancreas are at increased risk to develop symptoms of subclinical or manifest zinc and/or selenium deficiency. Appropriate supplementation should therefore systematically be considered. PMID- 7136631 TI - Arterial blood pressure serum lipids and cardiovascular complications in families of hypertensive children. AB - The arterial blood pressure (B.P.), the cardiovascular complications and the type of hyperlipoproteinemia were studied in 98 families of hypertensive children (group A) and in 100 families of normotensive children (group B). In group A, hypertension was found in 27% of the parents and 47.4% of grandparents, whereas in group B in 7.5% and 22.5% respectively. In siblings of hypertensive children hypertension was found in 13.5% as apposed to 5.4% of those of normotensive children. Cardiovascular complications were recorded in 27.5% in the parents and grandparents of group A and in 12% in group B. Hyperlipoproteinemia with obvious preponderance of type II (IIa, IIb) and IV was found in 58.5% of parents in group A and 21.1% in group B. PMID- 7136629 TI - Circulatory adaptation in newborn infants of strictly controlled diabetic mothers. AB - Possible relations between neonatal circulatory function and maternal diabetic control were investigated in 22 infants of strictly controlled diabetic mothers during the first 2 days after birth. Eleven infants were delivered vaginally (V) and 11 infants by elective cesarean section (S). Maternal diabetes was more severe in the latter group. Half of the infants had one or more episodes of neonatal morbidity although none presented symptomatic hypoglycemia. Plasma glucose FFA and C-peptide were measured at birth and 3-6 hours later together with skinfold thickness; heart size was determined by X-ray at 24-28 hours; stroke volume and cardiac output were repeatedly determined by transthoracic impedance and ECG. C-peptide at birth was higher in group S than in V. C-peptide in both groups were neither related to glucose or FFA nor to birthweight or skinfold thickness. Infants with neonatal complications including cardiomegaly had the highest C-peptide values. Skinfold was positively correlated to maternal pregnancy glucose level, birthweight percentile and infant heart volume. Mean values for stroke volume and cardiac output were similar in both groups and not different from normal controls when related to body weight. Heart volume and stroke volume were significantly related. ECG abnormalities were seen in 6 infants who showed cardiomegaly on X-ray. We suggest that the present finding of an association between elevated C-peptide concentration at birth and the occurrence of neonatal complications including cardiomegaly and ECG abnormalities could be the consequence of functional hyperinsulinism and that the cardiomegaly is of adaptive type. PMID- 7136630 TI - Omental and mesenteric cysts in children. PMID- 7136632 TI - Combined plasmapheresis and hemodialysis treatment for severe hemolytic-uremic syndrome following Campylobacter colitis. PMID- 7136634 TI - Evaluation of two spirometers and two flowmeters in asthmatic children. AB - The reliability of a Monaghan (M 403) spirometer and a Vitalograph spirometer was evaluated in 46 children with "subclinical" asthma. As in previous studies of healthy children the vital capacity (VC) and the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1.0) were close to those of a Bernstein spirometer. The sensitivity of the spirometers and of two flowmeters (Wright's peak flow meter and Airflometer Glaxo) was evaluated in the asthmatic children after inhalation of salbutamol and the changes after inhalation were compared to those obtained in a previous study of healthy children. The "simple" equipment gave substantial information about the degree of bronchial obstruction. It is concluded that the additional information obtained by using simple pulmonary function tests form a good basis for aggressive therapy. PMID- 7136633 TI - Cystitis cystica in childhood: clinical findings and treatment procedures. AB - During the period 1967 to 1978, 1166 girls were admitted to our department because of urinary tract infection. In 97 of the 439 girls examined by cystoscopy, cystitis cystica was found. The age of the 97 girls varied from 3 to 12 years, mean 7 1/2 years. E. coli was found to be the major pathogenic organism in the urine. All but 3 girls had a history of recurrent urinary tract infection. Urinary tract abnormalities were found with the same frequency as in other studies concerning urinary tract infection in childhood. Vesicoureteric reflux was demonstrated on the cystogram for 33% of the girls. Patients with cystitis cystica are a hard core group requiring long-term treatment and follow-up. Different therapeutic methods are discussed and our experience with chlorhexidine bladder instillation is mentioned. The literature concerning cystitis cystica, especially in childhood, is also discussed. PMID- 7136635 TI - Herpes zoster and varicella in children with Hodgkin's disease. AB - Thirty-nine episodes of herpes zoster and varicella in 94 children with Hodgkin's disease were studied to determine the incidence and complications of these infections and their effect on the prognosis of Hodgkin's disease in children under multimodal treatment. Twenty-nine children (31%) developed herpes zoster and seven (7%) had varicella. Three children had herpes zoster on two occasions. All children with varicella had uncomplicated infections. One patient died and three had visceral complications secondary to herpes zoster infections. Disseminated herpes zoster in nine children (10%) was more often associated with recurrent or active Hodgkin's disease and led to more complications than localized herpes zoster. Although varicella-zoster infection does not impair the prognosis of Hodgkin's disease, it is a potentially fatal infection and an affected child deserves vigorous treatment and support. PMID- 7136636 TI - Clostridium difficile toxin in faecal specimens of healthy children and children with diarrhoea. AB - Presence of cytopathogenic effect (CPE) that could be inhibited by an antitoxin to Clostridium sordelli, known to cross-react with Clostridium difficile toxin, was sought in faecal specimens from 101 infants. Of the children, 45 were healthy, while 56 had been hospitalized because of diarrhoea. CPE was found in 12 of the healthy infants and in 5 of those hospitalized. Faecal specimens of these 5 gave a CPE at titres of 10(3-4), whereas in the 12 healthy infants the titres were 10(1-2). Studies on consecutive samples showed that the CPE could persist for between 7-11 weeks up to 9 months and more. Of the 45 healthy infants, 11 harboured C. difficile compared with 6 of the 56 with diarrhoea. In both groups, 3 CPE-positive infants were culture-negative for C. difficile. Four of those hospitalized had recently been given antibiotics; all were negative in both culture and CPE tests. The present study demonstrates that care should be exercised when interpreting the results of cultures for C. difficile and tests for CPE made on faecal specimens in order to establish a diagnosis of antibiotic associated enterocolitis in infants and children. PMID- 7136637 TI - Dependence of the efficiency of phototherapy on plasma bilirubin concentration. AB - 407 newborns with idiopathic transitory hyperbilirubinaemia were examined with regard to the decrease in serum bilirubin levels during 24 hours of intermittent phototherapy (12 hours of light exposure). The photoeffect (i.e. decrease of serum bilirubin concentration after 24 hours of therapy) showed a unique and predictable nonlinear correlation with the plasma bilirubin concentration before treatment. This relationship can be used for individualizing the duration of phototherapy and the dose of light. The apparent effect of birth weight, gestational age, and postnatal age on the efficiency of phototreatment is only due to differing initial levels of bilirubin concentration. Intermittent illumination seemed to be more efficient than continuous. PMID- 7136638 TI - Teratogenic and pharmacokinetic studies of primidone during pregnancy and in the offspring of epileptic women. AB - Fourteen epileptic women treated with primidone, either alone or in combination with other antiepileptic drugs, were studied prospectively during their pregnancy. Plasma levels of primidone and its metabolites were monitored and correlated to findings in the offspring. Maternal serum concentrations of primidone and metabolites were generally low during pregnancy. The levels of its main metabolites--phenobarbital and PEMA--were found to drop within the first month of pregnancy in two cases. The plasma concentrations remained low until birth and rose sharply thereafter. The phenobarbital/primidone ratio (mean 0.84) and PEMA/primidone ratio (mean 0.56) in pregnant patients were found to be lower than in non-pregnant patients, except when primidone was given in combination with phenytoin in which case the expected phenobarbital/primidone (mean 2.5) and PEMA/primidone (mean 1.5) ratios were found. A ventricular septal defect was found in one of the offspring of the fourteen mothers and five children had microcephaly. There was a high incidence of poor somatic development with dystrophy (n=3) and short stature (n=2). Head circumferences (n=8), lengths (n=4) and/or weights (n=8) were below the 10th percentile in a number of children. Four children showed marked facial dysmorphy. Our preliminary data suggest that primidone intake during pregnancy may be important in the pathogenesis of minor anomalies and in the induction of poor somatic development. PMID- 7136639 TI - Changes in serum zinc concentrations. PMID- 7136640 TI - Peripheral artery catheters in very low-birth-weight neonates. PMID- 7136641 TI - Chronic granulomatous disease with normal neutrophil glutathione peroxidase activity in a brother and sister. PMID- 7136642 TI - Oxygen unloading capacity and available oxygen in congenital heart disease. PMID- 7136643 TI - Failure of pneumococcal vaccination in a splenectomized child. AB - Recurrent Streptococcus pneumoniae septicaemia occurred in a splenectomized child with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Fatal infection took place 1 year after pneumococcal vaccination and was caused by sero-type 18C which was included in the vaccine. The efficacy of pneumococcal vaccination is discussed in relation to specific pneumococcal polysaccharide antibody titers, and it is concluded that vaccination alone is insufficient in preventing overwhelming infections in splenectomized individuals. PMID- 7136644 TI - Multiple congenital abnormalities in a newborn boy associated with maternal use of fluphenazine enanthate and other drugs during pregnancy. AB - A boy was born with a short sloping forehead, wide metopic suture, persistent metopic fontanelle, telecanthus, ocular hypertelorism, nystagmoid eye movements, bilateral cleft lip and palate, imperforate anus, rectourethral fistula, bifid scrotum and an unusual penis with hypospadias. The neutrophil polymorphs had numerous nuclear projections. The pregnancy was complicated by chronic maternal schizophrenia, severe toxaemia and maternal use of fluphenazine enanthate, dicyclomine hydrochloride, doxylamine succinate, pyridoxine hydrochloride and other drugs. Details of mother's illness, pregnancy and drug usage are presented with the clinical findings and investigations. PMID- 7136645 TI - Adrenogenital syndrome and cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7136646 TI - Autoimmunity to insulin in a child with hypoglycemia. AB - Plasma insulin antibodies were present in a 5-year-old boy who had been suffering from frequent hypoglycemic episodes during a year without exogenous insulin administration. The antibodies were of low titre one month after the last hypoglycemic episode, although a possible previous higher titre could have been responsible for the child's symptoms. After 17 months, during which the child remained asymptomatic, insulin antibodies could not be detected in his plasma. This is a new case of insulin autoimmunity associated with hypoglycemia. PMID- 7136647 TI - Plasma exchange in the treatment of severe, childhood onset systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Plasma exchange was used in the treatment of a 10-year-old girl with acute systemic lupus erythematosus. The patient was in a life-threatening condition, and treatment with high dose corticosteroids did not control the disease. The patient's condition improved dramatically during the second day of plasma exchange therapy. It also appeared to have a long-lasting effect in combination with immunosuppressive drugs. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of plasma exchange in a child with systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7136648 TI - The influence of changes in arterial blood pressure on transcutaneous oxygen tension (tcPO2) in the newborn. AB - The possible artefacts in transcutaneous oxygen tension (tcPO2) induced by fluctuations in arterial blood pressure were investigated in ten newborn babies. We mounted one tcPO2 electrode on the foot and another on the chest, and the local arterial blood pressure under the foot electrode was reduced 0.6-2.0 kPa (9 15 mmHg) by elevating the foot 11-19 cm above the heart level. In five mature newborns the tcPO2 of the foot decreased significantly (p = 0.015) during elevation by a mean valve of 0.029 kPa (0.22 mmHg) per mmHg decrease in mean arterial blood pressure. In five premature newborns the artefact was insignificant (p = 0.62). We conclude therefore that, in contrast to adults, the artefacts induced by minor fluctuations in arterial blood pressure in newborns are hardly of clinical importance. PMID- 7136649 TI - Transepidermal water loss in newborn infants. VII. Relation to post-natal age in very pre-term and full-term appropriate for gestational age infants. AB - During the first weeks after birth the transepidermal water loss was determined repeatedly in 7 infants born after 25-27 weeks of gestation, in 13 infants born after 28-30 weeks and in 14 full-term infants. All infants were appropriate for gestational age. The very pre-term infants had high evaporative water losses from their skin on their first days after birth. A gradual decrease was then observed, but after four weeks the values were still higher than those in full-term infants. The transepidermal water loss in full-term infants was unchanged during the first two weeks of life, but increased during the subsequent two weeks. The relation between evaporation rate from an interscapular skin area and ambient humidity was studied repeatedly during the first week of life in two very pre term infants. The magnitude of evaporation decreased with increasing post-natal age, but was still dependent on the ambient relative humidity. PMID- 7136650 TI - Plasma amino acids in term neonates after a feed of human milk or formula. I. Total amino acids and glycine/valine ratios as reflectors of protein intake. AB - Human milk and formulas with different quantities and qualities of protein were compared by measuring sequential postprandial changes in total amino acids and glycine/valine ratios in plasma of 23 healthy term neonates who had previously been breast-fed ad libitum. At the mean age of 5.5 days the infants received from a bottle 1/36 of their body weight of banked human milk (true protein 0.8 g/100 ml), or formula (1.5 g/100 ml of protein, whey-to-casein ratio 60 : 40 (adapted) or 18 : 82 (non-adapted), or 3.0 g/ml of protein, 60 : 40) after a 3.5-4 hour fast. After the feed, the sum of plasma free amino acids rose and the glycine/valine ratio fell, these changes being significant as soon as 30 min after the start of feeding and maximal at 30 min after human milk but at 60 min after the formulas. Both values returned to prefeeding levels, after human milk in 2-3 hours and after the two 1.5 g/100 ml formulas in about 4 hours, but after the 3 g/100 ml formula were still notably altered at 3.5 hours. The postprandial changes measured seemed to reflect dietary protein intake, and to be unaffected by protein quality (adapted vs. non-adapted formulas). The results show that in studies of plasma amino acids in young infants sampling times should be standardized exactly with respect to type of previous feeding and duration of fasting. PMID- 7136651 TI - Plasma amino acids in term neonates after a feed of human milk or formula. II. Characteristic changes in individual amino acids. AB - Postprandial changes in plasma amino acids were studied in 23 term neonates who had previously been breast-fed ad libitum. As a test meal the infants received from a bottle a weight-based amount of banked human milk (true protein 0.8 g/100 ml) or formula with either 1.5 or 3.0 g of protein (adapted or non-adapted) per 100 ml. As regards the essential amino acids, all rose markedly in the plasma after the feed. The postprandial increments were relatively highest for the branched-chain amino acids, which rose 50-300% above the prefeeding concentrations. Peak values were found after human milk at 30 min but after formulas at 60 min. In extent and duration the rises were directly proportional to the amino acid loads given. This was also true for most semi- and non essential amino acids, but plasma glycine, in contrast, regularly decreased, and plasma alanine continued to rise until 120 min after the beginning of the feed; neither change correlated with intake. After the milk feeds commonly given to neonates, postprandial alterations in plasma amino acids seem to be highly predictable. PMID- 7136652 TI - The effect of chlorpromazine in severe hypoxia in newborn infants. AB - Eighteen newborn infants with severe hypoxia during the course of idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia, persistent fetal circulation or right diaphragmatic hernia were treated with chlorpromazine with the aim of improving arterial oxygenation by a postulated vasodilatory action on the pulmonary circulation. Fourteen of the infants improved their PaO2 during the treatment. Nine infants died. The systemic arterial blood-pressure and the urinary output were reduced and some infants were somnolent during the initial period of treatment. No other side effects were noted. Further studies of chlorpromazine as a possible pulmonary vasodilator in newborn infants are justified. PMID- 7136653 TI - The importance of neonatal asphyxia and caesarean section as risk factors for neonatal respiratory disorders in an unselected population. AB - The risk of neonatal respiratory disorders was calculated in an unselected, total population together with the relative contributions of some factors found associated with an increased risk. Postnatal asphyxia, expressed as a low one minute Apgar score, and low gestational age were substantially, independent risk factors. Caesarean section added, though less markedly, to the risk of the above disorders. PMID- 7136654 TI - The bronze baby syndrome. AB - Phototherapy with either daylight or blue lamps resulted in the development of the bronze baby syndrome in 13 infants. 'Thermotherapy' with an incandescent bulb emitting light mainly in wavelengths not effective for phototherapy caused this syndrome in the 14th infant with respiratory failure. Hepatic dysfunction was present in all infants. The infants were well in spite of the bronzing, after their initial condition had improved. Bronzing disappeared within two months in all but one infant; in eight infants with regular blood examination, the hepatic function became normal by ten months of age, but spectroscopy demonstrated the presence of the pigment(s) even at one year. Normal development was observed. PMID- 7136655 TI - Low reserve albumin for binding of bilirubin in neonates with deficiency of bilirubin excretion and bronze baby syndrome. AB - The plasma reserve albumin concentration for binding of bilirubin was found to be low in four newborn infants with deficiency of bilirubin excretion, of whom two had the bronze baby syndrome. Thus, the risk of bilirubin encephalopathy was increased. Also the ratio of binding fraction of albumin, i.e. unconjugated bilirubin plus reserve albumin, to total albumin was low. Possible causes of the low reserve albumin concentration and the ratio are discussed. PMID- 7136656 TI - Plasma copper in foetal malnutrition. AB - Plasma copper in the cord blood of 20 small for gestational age (SGA) term infants was studied. Twenty-five appropriate for gestational age (AGA) term infants were taken as control and another group of 20 preterm AGA infants for comparison. The plasma concentration of copper in term SGA infants was significantly lower than values obtained for the controls, while there was no significant difference from the levels observed in preterm infants. This lowering in the plasma copper levels was possible because of decreased liver synthesis of caeruloplasmin as a result of foetal malnutrition. There was a marked foeto maternal difference in the plasma copper levels in all three groups which was due to much higher levels of non-diffusible caeruloplasmin in the mothers compared to the neonates. PMID- 7136657 TI - Natural killer cell activity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in newborn infants. AB - The ability of lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of preterm and term infants and adult women and men to mediate natural killing (NK) and K cell activity (antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity) was analysed in 4 hours 51Cr-release assays. K 562 cells were targets for NK activity. K cell activity was assayed on antibody-coated rat thymocytes. Lymphocytes from adult male donors were significantly more cytotoxic to K 562 cells than were lymphocytes from adult female donors. Lymphocytes from both preterm and term infants had significantly lower NK and K cell activity than lymphocytes from adult donors. During the first month of life no increase in NK activity or K cell activity occurred in 7 infants who were re-examined. It is concluded that neither NK nor K cell activities are fully developed during the first month of life. PMID- 7136658 TI - Neonatal morbidity of S.G.A. infants in relation to their nutritional status at birth. AB - 46 consecutively born term infants with a birthweight less than or equal to 2.3 percentile for gestational age were divided into two groups according to their nutritional status at birth quantified by the ponderal index (100 x weight/lenght). Though all infants had a ponderal index below the 50th percentile, those with a ponderal index below the 3rd percentile (about half of the study group) were more frequently affected by asphyxia, hypoglycaemia, hypothermia, and hyperviscosity than their more proportionally grown counterparts. On this account the identification of disproportionally grown small for-gestational age infants by using the ponderal index as a yardstick of the nutritional status at birth, is necessary because they constitute a high-risk group among small-for-gestational age infants. PMID- 7136659 TI - A planned prospective evaluation of the anti-infective property of varying quantities of expressed human milk. AB - This paper comprises 261 low birth weight infants who were divided into four groups with different feeding schedules. Group I--expressed human milk for all the feeds; Group II--human milk for half the feeds and the nursery formula for the rest; Group III--colostrum, 20 ml three times a day along with the nursery formula; and Group IV--control--only the nursery formula. The groups were matched by means of a randomized block design for identifiable factors which could predispose to the occurrence of infection. Infections were found to be significantly less in the groups which received human milk (p less than 0.001). PMID- 7136660 TI - Breast feeding: reasons for giving up and transient lactational crises. AB - A prospective study of the course of breast feeding was carried out in a group of 150 mothers. The reasons for terminating breast feeding before six months and the occurrence of transient lactational crises were recorded. 23% of the mothers gave up breast feeding because of lactational difficulties. 12% stopped for external reasons and 65% carried on beyond six months. 36% of mothers experienced one or more transient lactational crises, which were successfully overcome by proper breast feeding techniques in a few days. PMID- 7136663 TI - Somnambulism in childhood--prevalence, course and behavioral correlations. A prospective longitudinal study (6-16 years). AB - The occurrence and course of somnambulism and its correlations with behavioral variables have been investigated annually from 6 to 16 years of age in a sample recruited by random means. The prevalence was highest at 11-12 year. No sex difference was found. Apart from sporadic occurrences, the longitudinal data reveal a group of children for whom somnambulism is rather persistent. But even in this group the somnambulism is usually unrelated to other sleep disturbances (apart from "bad" dreams), deviant behavior or known environmental factors. These children have more inhibited aggression and a more developed mental defence against anxiety as determined by Rorschach tests. At school they appear to be more popular than other children. PMID- 7136662 TI - Serum immunoglobulin E in atopic and non-atopic children aged 6 months to 5 years. A follow-up study. AB - In order to obtain serum IgE reference values for small children we measured the total serum IgE concentration at the ages of 6 months, 1, 3, and 5 years in 66 healthy, non-atopic children who were followed from birth to 5 years of age. From this reference group we had excluded children with symptoms or signs of atopy during the follow-up period, as well as children with blood or nasal smear eosinophilia or positive skin prick tests. We also studied serum IgE levels in groups of children having latent atopy, symptomatic atopy, or severe atopic disease. We suggest that in the definition of reference values the upper limit of normal should be replaced by a zone of uncertainty, lying between the 95th and 97.5th percentiles. Serum IgE is a useful test with high specificity but low sensitivity in the differentiation between atopy and non-atopy. Thus high levels suggest atopy, while normal or low values yield little information. A normal serum IgE level does not necessarily exclude atopic disease. PMID- 7136661 TI - Antibody response to vaccination with pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides in splenectomized children. AB - In 67 splenectomized children vaccinated with a 14-valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine an antibody fold increase above 2 from pre- to postvaccination samples was found in 60% of all single type antibody determinations performed. The vaccine may only afford protection against 55% of those serotypes that cause serious infections in children, assuming a protective antibody level of 300 ng antibody N/ml. Our results indicate a somewhat reduced antibody response to pneumococcal vaccine in splenectomized children and suggest that pneumococcal vaccination may not be relied upon as the only kind of prophylaxis against pneumococcal infection in this patient group. PMID- 7136664 TI - Sleep behaviour studied longitudinally. Data from 4-16 years on duration, night awakening and bed-sharing. PMID- 7136667 TI - Protein-losing enteropathy with small intestinal stenoses and a stagnant loop in a nine-year-old boy. PMID- 7136665 TI - Kingella kingae osteomyelitis mimicking an eosinophilic granuloma. PMID- 7136666 TI - Oesophageal ulcerations in two children taking emepronium bromide. PMID- 7136668 TI - Hypertensive peaks in the pathogenesis of intraventricular hemorrhage in the newborn. Abolition by phenobarbitone sedation. AB - Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) was measured continuously for 3 to 5 days after birth in 27 premature infants with a birth weight under 1500 g, and who required umbilical artery catheterisation. All had respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) occurred in 9 infants (33%), diagnosed by computered tomography (CT). IVH was more common in infants of lower gestational age, in infants delivered vaginally and in infants with perinatal asphyxia. Variable increases in MABP over the resting value occurred in all infants associated with increases in both active and passive motor activity. In 6 infant pairs matched for birth weight, gestational age, mode of delivery and severity of perinatal asphyxia, the infants who developed IVH had higher peak MABP valued compared to matched controls. Resting and minimum MABP values were not different in the two groups. We conclude that the large increases in arterial blood pressure which occur with both spontaneous motor activity and in association with nursing procedures, are an important cause of development of IVH in very low birth weight infants. An example is given to show that pressure peaks can be abolished by phenobarbitone sedation. PMID- 7136669 TI - Dyskinetic cerebral palsy. I. Clinical categories, associated neurological abnormalities and incidences. AB - An unselected series of 116 dyskinetic cerebral palsy cases born 1959-70 was delineated and subgrouped according to neurological criteria into 35 hyperkinetic (30%) and 81 dystonic (70%) cases. Of the hyperkinetics, 80% had a mild motor disability, while 90% of the dystonics had moderate or severe disability. Subordinated spastic signs were found in 9% of the hyperkinetic and in 44% of the dystonic cases. IQ was greater than 90 in 69% of the hyperkinetics and 25% of the dystonics and less than 50 in 11% and 41%, respectively. Two or more additional neurological abnormalities (spasticity, mental retardation, epilepsy, anarthria, dysarthria, hearing deficit) were detected in 46% hyperkinetic and 81% dystonic cases. A heavy multihandicap complex was present predominantly in the dystonic subgroup. The 5-19 year mortality rate was 6% and was confined to the most severely handicapped dystonic cases. The twin rate was 5%. A total of 9% had birth weights less than or equal to 1500 g, and 31% had less than or equal to 2500 g. The weight- and age-specific incidences increased rapidly with decreasing birth weights and gestational ages. The crude incidence of hyperkinetic cerebral palsy was 0.07 and dystonic cerebral palsy 0.17 per thousand live births. PMID- 7136671 TI - Serum bile acids in newborns: evidence for an hepatic dysfunction in low-birth weight infants. AB - The post-prandial pattern of total serum bile acids was studied in 47 newborns: 12 prematures (less than 36 weeks), 17 term low-birth-weight infants (less than the 3rd percentile), 18 term normals. The study was made at the end of the first month. Blood was collected in a peripheral vein using a microcatheter. Samples were taken at fasting time and 30, 60, 120, 180 min after a test meal intake (40 ml/kg of "humanized" milk based formula). Bile acids were assayed using an original enzymatic micromethod which needed only 50 microliter of serum and showed a sensitivity of 0.3 pmol in 200 microliter of reaction medium. The response of serum bile acids after the test meal was very similar in normal term newborns and in adults. Prematures exhibited bile acid levels slightly higher than normals, but this difference was significant only at 0 and 180 min. Low birth-weight infants showed very high values of serum bile acids at all times during the test, compared to normal and premature infants. Serum levels of total bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase were similar in all 3 groups. These results are not consistent with cholestasis but rather indicate a specific dysfunction in bile acid metabolism in low-birth-weight infants. PMID- 7136670 TI - Suppression of aerobic and anaerobic faecal flora in newborns receiving parenteral gentamicin and ampicillin. AB - The immediate effect of parenteral antibiotic treatment (gentamicin and ampicillin) on the aerobic and anaerobic faecal flora of 14 infants with suspected or proven neonatal septicaemia was studied. Eight infants of similar gestational and postnatal age were studied for comparison. All control infants showed an abundant growth of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria as early as the first 2 weeks of life. The treated infants generally had lower counts of aerobic and especially of anaerobic bacteria; in 10 of 16 cultures no anaerobes were isolated. In relation to aerobic strains E. coli dominated in untreated infants and Klebsiella pneumoniae in treated ones. PMID- 7136672 TI - Prolonged breast feeding as prophylaxis for recurrent otitis media. PMID- 7136673 TI - Hypocalcemia in infants of diabetic mothers. Studies in circulating calciotropic hormone concentrations. AB - Twenty-two infants of diabetic mothers (IDM) were studied and were divided into two groups: a first group of 14 IDM did not receive vitamin D3 and was studied at birth and at 2, 24, 48 and 120 hours; a second group was given daily dosage of 60 microgram of vitamin D3 from 3 hours to 120 hours and was studied at 2 hours and 120 hours. In the first group, serum calcium levels decreased markedly during the first 24 hours of life (mean +/- SD: 1.77 +/- 0.3 mmol/l, p less than 0.01) and remained low at 5 days. Serum phosphorus levels remained normal but serum magnesium levels decreased significantly at 24 hours (mean +/- SD: 0.64 +/- 0.108 mmol/l, p less than 0.01) and returned to normal at 5 days. Serum immunoreactive parathormone levels increased consistently to high levels at 24 hours and remained elevated at 120 hours (p less than 0.001). Serum immunoreactive calcitonin levels increased at 24 hours (p less than 0.001) and decreased at 120 hours to low or undetectable values in all infants. In group II, serum 25O-HD levels and 1.25 OH2 D levels increased significantly (p less than 0.001) respectively to 27.2 +/- 2.7 ng/ml and 114 +/- 20 pg/ml at 5 days. The results of this study show hypocalcemia to be a common event in IDM during the first days of life and furthermore hypophosphatemia, hypoparathyroidism, hypomagnesemia or defect of vitamin D metabolism would not seem to be the main etiological factors. PMID- 7136674 TI - Transcutaneous bilirubinometry in fullterm Chinese and Malay infants. PMID- 7136676 TI - Maximal oxygen uptake in relation to age in blind and normal boys and girls. AB - Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) was measured in 180 children during exhaustive work on a bicycle ergometer. The material comprised 12 blind boys and 11 blind girls (8-14 years) as well as 82 normal boys and 75 normal girls (8-17 years). VO2 max increased linearly with age in all four groups. In normal girls mature values were reached at the age of 14 years. Normal boys had significantly higher values than normal girls and their VO2 max increased faster with age. No sex differences in VO2 max were found in blind children. Normal children had significantly higher values than the blind. VO2 max/kg was uninfluenced by age in three of the groups: 55, 45 and 37 ml/min/kg in normal boys, blind boys and blind girls, respectively. In normal girls VO2 max/kg decreased with age from 51 to 42 ml/min/kg. Significant sex differences were found in both normal and blind children. VO2 max/kg in blind boys was 82% of that of normal boys, while blind girls had significantly lower values than normal girls. Most of these differences were established already at the age of 8 years. It is concluded that the differences in maximal oxygen uptake between normal and blind children are to a high degree due to different levels of physical activity during early childhood. PMID- 7136677 TI - Coronary heart risk factors in 177 children and young adults whose fathers died from ischemic heart disease before age 45. PMID- 7136675 TI - The protein tolerance of very low birth weight infants fed human milk protein enriched mother's milk. AB - Pooled breast milk was ultra-filtrated and freeze-dried to give a product with a protein content of 60 g/100 g powder. More than half of the secretory IgA activity against E. coli O antigen was preserved. This concentrated protein was added to the mother's fresh milk providing a protein supply of 3.0-3.5 g/kg/24 hours in four VLBW infants, at a calorie supply of 110 kcal/kg/24 hours. Growth followed the intrauterine rate. Free amino acid levels, acid-base balance and urea concentrations of peripheral whole blood indicated tolerance of the increased supply of human milk protein. PMID- 7136678 TI - Immunoreactive trypsin screening for cystic fibrosis. AB - Immunoreactive cationic trypsin (irCT) was measured in 22 cystic fibrosis (CF) and 132 control infants. IrCT was analysed with radioimmunoassay of dried blood samples collected for PKU screening around the 5th day of life and stored on filter paper. The mean +/- 1 SD level of irCT for the control infants was 42 +/- 19 micrograms/1. Sixteen of the 22 CF children had an irCT level above 100 micrograms/1 (mean + 3 SD) while 6 had a level at or below this cut-off limit. A specificity of 99%, which gives a sensitivity of 73%, and an approximative noise: signal ratio of 30:1, suggests that the irCT test may be unsatisfactory as a neonatal screening method for CF. PMID- 7136679 TI - A family study of coeliac disease. AB - Small intestinal biopsy was performed in all 100 first-degree relatives of 32 index patients with childhood coeliac disease (CD) diagnosed according to the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. CD was found in 2 relatives (2.0%), which means that first-degree relatives of coeliac children would run a ten-fold increased risk of CD compared with the general population of Sweden. Five relatives had a moderately abnormal mucosa. On rebiopsy they had a normal mucosa and are therefore not classified as having CD according to current diagnostic criteria. For practical purposes it would be impossible to perform a biopsy in all first-degree relatives of coeliac patients. However, relatives with a past history of symptoms suggestive of malabsorption and relatives with present signs of malabsorption should be candidates for biopsy. PMID- 7136680 TI - Late prognosis in untreated neonatal polycythaemia with minor or no symptoms. AB - In a series of 635 single non-malformed newborn infants with a gestational age ranging from 35 to 43 weeks we found venous haematocrit values of 60% or greater (range 60-72%) in 117 (18%); 30 neonates (4.7%) had haematocrits above 65%, and of these, 7 had values above 70%. Only 13 developed symptoms, all minor, which might be ascribed to polycythaemia, and all 117 survived. Haemodilution was not performed in any case. Ninety-eight children were followed up at the age of 2.5 years with a physical examination and a Denver Developmental Screening Test. At the age of 6 years an interval story concerning development and health was obtained from a questionnaire in 92 children; 4 children were lost to both follow up investigations. Of the 113 children, 104 (92%) were classified as normal. The remaining children suffered from febrile convulsions (one case), nocturnal enuresis (five cases), speech defect (one case), gross motor clumsiness (two cases) and hyperkinetic behaviour (one case). None had epilepsy or cerebral palsy. The findings were minor and showed no association to haematocrit levels or possible polycythaemic symptoms in the neonatal period. Hence we do not consider preventive haemodilution to be indicated in neonatal polycythaemia with minor or no symptoms within the studied range. PMID- 7136681 TI - Myoelectrical activity in experimental aganglionosis of the colon in the rat. AB - Experimental aganglionosis of the colon was produced in rats by an experimental "aganglionosis producing" procedure. Radiological examination of the aganglionic colon showed a narrow segment distal to a dilated megacolon. Histologically, a transverse section of the aganglionic segment showed 3-4 ganglia in contrast to 32-40 ganglia per section in the normal colon. The myoelectrical activity of the normal colon presented two fast activities, a fast activity with a frequency of 25-40 cycles per sec superimposed over a medium-fast activity of 4-7 cycles per sec. However the aganglionic colon showed only the fast activity with complete absence of the medium-fast activity. Thus the experimental aganglionosis produced a characteristic alteration in the myoelectrical activity of colon. This confirms our earlier findings in children with Hirschsprung's disease. It also suggests that the causative mechanism for the production of a narrow segment in Hirschsprung's disease may not be the hyperactivity or the absence of any specific neuronal mechanisms as proposed earlier. PMID- 7136682 TI - Inhibited growth and development as permanent features of low birth weight. A longitudinal study of eye size, height, head circumference, interpupillary distance and exophthalmometry, as measured at age of 10 and 18 years. AB - A 10-year assessment of ocular function eye size and other anthropometric parameters indicated a negative influence of low birth weight (LBW). The sample consisted of 302 children with BW less than 2000 g and 237 full-term controls. The former had smaller eyes and there were deficits regarding height, head circumference, interpupillary distance and exophthalmometry readings. Based on an 18-year follow-up study comprising 137 of the above 539, the various LBW deficits have proven to be permanent, and due not only to delayed development around the age of 10. The menarche appeared later in LBW girls (13 1/2 years of age) than in controls (13 years). Exophthalmometry readings have led to rejection of one of the presumed classical permanent stigmata of prematurity: ocular protrusion. The findings indicate that low birth weight is an impediment to the overall development of the individual. It also seems to interfere with some of the usual correlations between growth parameters. In addition, the results confirm the well known feature: that males have a more marked growth spurt at puberty than females. PMID- 7136683 TI - Growth and development in a girl with pseudohypoparathyroidism and hypothyroidism. A longitudinal study. AB - Statural growth, physical and skeletal development of a girl with pseudohypoparathyroidism and primary hypothyroidism were analysed in a longitudinal study, which lasted for 12 years from the age of 0.8 years. Growth in height, which slowed down when thyroid therapy was withheld, was within the normal range. Still, as a result of early puberty, the girl became a small adult. Skeletal age was advanced over chronological years by an average of 2.7 years. This rapid skeletal development was more pronounced in the tubular bones than in the round bones of the hand. Two of the five metacarpals of the left hand grew more slowly than the others. This became clinically apparent at the age of 5.6 years. In all five metacarpals growth ceased at the same time, indicating that the abnormally short size of the two metacarpals did not result from early epiphyseal closure. PMID- 7136684 TI - High potential for breast feeding among mothers giving birth to pre-term infants. PMID- 7136685 TI - Histamine: serum concentrations in respiratory disorders of the newborn infant. PMID- 7136686 TI - Detoxification with peritoneal dialysis and blood exchange after diphenylhydantoin intoxication. PMID- 7136687 TI - Insulin resistance in a child with Acanthosis nigricans type A. AB - The patient, a female 6 years 4 months old, diagnosed as affected by Acanthosis nigricans and diabetes mellitus was referred to our Clinic for further investigation of her glucose metabolism. She had a typical face with hypertelorism, prognathism, macroglossia and large auricles. The skin was hyperpigmented, verrucous, hyperkeratotic especially in the folds and flexural areas with small papillomatous or nodular growth; diffused hypertrichosis and hypertrophic clitoris were also present. Biochemical and hormonal investigations revealed no major abnormalities apart from glucose metabolism. After an unsuccessful trial with conventional insulin therapy, endovenous continuous insulin infusion was started: even with 32 U/kg/h it was not possible to achieve normoglycemia. Insulin receptors were studied on erythrocytes: 125I-insulin binding (specific) was clearly lower than normal. The concentration of insulin receptors was reduced, while the average affinity profile was normal. The study of erythrocyte insulin receptors has demonstrated that insulin resistance in this patient is due to a decrease in the number of receptors, i.e. Acanthosis nigricans type A. PMID- 7136688 TI - Intracranial haemorrhage in siblings and ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency. PMID- 7136689 TI - Late presentation of Shwachman's syndrome. AB - Shwachman's syndrome is a rare cause of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in childhood. It is usually associated with poor growth, neutropaenia and dyschondroplasia of bone metaphyses. Numerous associated congenital abnormalities and hereditary conditions have been described. The vast majority of cases are diagnosed before the age of two. The case described is of a girl presenting with steatorrhoea at age fourteen. Although of small stature, she had been completely well until that time. While survival of infantile cases into adolescence is reported, presentation of the condition in later years is rare and Shwachman's syndrome should therefore be considered as a possible cause of pancreatic insufficiency in older children and adolescents. PMID- 7136692 TI - Rapid restoration of injured kidney after immediate removal of opposite normal kidney. In comparison with delayed contralateral nephrectomy. AB - The difference in restoration of injured kidneys according to the time of contralateral nephrectomy was investigated in rats. When the opposite normal kidney was removed immediately or when both kidneys were rendered ischemic totally, the function of the injured kidney or kidneys was rapidly restored and showed almost normal level of blood urea nitrogen as well as normal histology one week after the ischemic damage. But delayed contralateral nephrectomy slowed down the speed of recovery, and the injured kidney did not function completely and showed severe inflammatory reaction in histology four weeks after the injury. It was discussed that retention of some factors like renal hypertrophy factor would cause rapid restoration of the damaged kidney. PMID- 7136690 TI - Transient erythroblastopenia in siblings. PMID- 7136691 TI - Growth hormone deficiency in mitochondrial cytopathy. PMID- 7136695 TI - Childhood type polymyositis and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. AB - A 21-year-old women developed rapid muscle weakness and quickly deteriorating renal function. Pathological findings revealed prominent vasculitis in the muscle and crescentic glomerulonephritis. Combined steroid and heparin treatments could not prevent the development of the renal lesion, but the muscle involvement had soon improved. Although the pathogenesis remains unclear, immune complexes may be involved in this renal lesion. PMID- 7136693 TI - Histological classification of resorbed bone. AB - A histological classification of resorbed bone is reported in this paper. The materials used were 426 human bones in autopsy and surgical cases, ranging from 3 month-od fetus to 95-year-old. The resorbed bones were divided into osteoclasis (osteoclastic resorption) and osteolysis (non-osteoclastic resorption). Osteoclasis was observed in the cases of development, growth, active stage of granulation tissue, and inflammation, and some cases of malignant tumor invasion. Osteolysis was observed in the cases of senile atrophy, osteoporosis, ischemia, radiation damage, hormonal and chemical effects, non-active stage of granulation tissue and inflammation, and some cases of malignant tumor invasion. Based on these findings, human resorbed bones can be classified into three histological types: rapid, slow, and static. Such a classification could be certified through the results of animal experiments. A possibility exists that osteoclasis occurs in rapid resorption and osteolysis is in slow and static resorption. Furthermore, it is suggested that osteoclasis is passive resorption and osteolysis is autolysis. PMID- 7136694 TI - Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid with ectopic ACTH syndrome. AB - An autopsied patient with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid and ectopic ACTH syndrome is reported. A microadenoma of pancreatic islet coexisted in this case, which is assumed to be of D cell origin. Immunohistochemical study revealed decreased number of pituitary ACTH cells. Some of them showed Crooke's degeneration. Hormone assay study of tumor tissue and plasma disclosed abnormal ACTH, beta-MSH as well as calcitonin. Somatostatin and Substance P were also demonstrated in tissue. Histologically the tumor showed solid alveolar pattern with a minor part consisting of small cell variant and this histologic variation is discussed. PMID- 7136696 TI - Scanning electron microscopic studies on acute interstitial pneumonitis. AB - Scanning and transmission electron microscopic studies on two autopsy cases of acute interstitial pneumonitis caused probably by anticancer agents and intravenous hyperalimentation were reported. SEM revealed clearly the light microscopic findings of acute interstitial pneumonitis; hyaline membrane, Masson body, and glandular metamorphosis. Additionally an organization-process of Masson body and the relationship between Masson body and hyaline membrane were shown by SEM. TEM revealed three kinds of myelin-like lamellate structures in the alveolar exudates of both cases, and they were associated with the lamellar body of the B (type II) alveolar epithelium and the secretory granules of Clara-like cell. The myelin-like lamellate structures might suggest the degree of alveolar damage. PMID- 7136697 TI - Rhabdomyosarcoma of the right ventricle. AB - A case of a 66-year-old male with rhabdomyosarcoma of the right ventricle who presented first with a pleuritic chest pain and later developed congestive heart failure with A-V block is described. The total period of the disease was about 9 months. At autopsy the right ventricle and wall were found to be replaced by tumor tissue which was diagnosed histologically as rhabdomyosarcoma of the alveolar type. We described one case and 52 rhabdomyosarcomas of the heart from the literature; the ages ranged from 3 months to 92 years with 29 men and 23 women (unknown 1). The primary lesions were right ventricle 29%, right atrium 26%, left atrium 24%, left ventricle 6%, and others 15%. PMID- 7136698 TI - Malignant mesenchymoma of the heart. AB - A case of a rare primary cardiac tumor in a 46-year-old woman is described. The tumor arose from the left atrium and was histologically composed of multiple mesenchymal elements of fibrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, myosarcoma, and liposarcoma. Metastasis of this tumor occurred in the left femur, lung, and hilar lymph nodes after the second heart operation. Histogenesis of malignant mesenchymoma was considered with a survey of the literature. PMID- 7136699 TI - Peliosis hepatis. Report of two autopsy cases with a review of literature. AB - Two cases of peliosis hepatis, treated with a large dose of predonine for aplastic anemia and multiple myeloma, respectively, were reported. Case 1 showed no abnormal liver function, but, in Case 2 hepatomegaly, retention of ICG, and elevation of LDH level despite the normal serum transaminase were noted. In both cases, peliotic lesions were incidentally observed at autopsy. In Case 1, the lesion was localized in the right lobe only, but, in Case 2 the lesion was present throughout the entire lobes of the liver involving also a part of the spleen and bone marrow of the sternum. Innumerable blood-filled cavities were surrounded by incomplete reticulin or injured hepatocytes. In smaller lesions observed in Case 1, focal necrosis, hemorrhage, inflammation, and thrombi were prominent features. On the other hand, in extensive lesions, as in Case 2, a marked liver cell dissociation with sequent irregular reticulin arrangement was present. Though the etiology and peliosis hepatis is still uncertain in these cases, it was assumed that a large dose of predonine might have some correlation to the occurrence. PMID- 7136700 TI - Cloverleaf skull syndrome. An autopsy case and review of literature. AB - An autopsy case of cloverleaf skull deformity associated with hydrocephalus, systemic skeletal malformation including facial dysostosis, fused elbow, syndactyly of the toes, odd digits and striking anomaly of tracheal cartilage is presented. Extra-skeletal abnormalities included covered anus, dermal sinus and the absence of corpus callosum and the septum pellucidum. Several basal skull deformity appeared to be a primary morphologic alteration associated with premature closure of the specific sutures, which terminally resulted in life threatening hydrocephalus. Histological investigation showed the abnormalities of endochondral ossification in the cartilage at the epi- and meta-physis of the fused elbows. In addition, electron microscopical study revealed unusual fat droplet-containing chondrocytes even in the resting and multiplicative phase. Association of the tracheal anomaly with this syndrome was disclosed in this case. Generalized bone and cartilage abnormalities not only in the skeletal system but also in the internal organs strongly suggest that this disorder involves generalized osteocartilagenous system. The present case makes a total of 14 cases of the cloverleaf skull syndrome reported in the Japanese literatures to date. Major clinical and pathologic findings of these cases were summerized. PMID- 7136701 TI - Hypophosphatasia. AB - An autopsy case of hypophosphatasia in lethal form in a fetus was reported. The female fetus of 40 gestational weeks was prenatally diagnosed as the specific type of congenital disease, because of no detection of calcification of whole bones by X-ray examination. Autopsy showed decrease of the anterio-posterior diameter of the chest and marked short extremities. Laboratory data revealed an extreme low value of alkaline phosphatase in the serum. Microscopical examinations showed marked retardation of calcification in the trabecule of whole bones. Family pedigree in second generations suggested that this disease was an autosomal recessive disorder and the parents were heterozygous carriers. PMID- 7136702 TI - Sudden death due to infantile pancreatitis. AB - The autopsy of a 10-month-old infant girl who died suddenly after a 2-day illness revealed acute pancreatitis and DIC. While the definitive etiology remains unknown, retention of pancreatic juice accompanying proliferation of papillary epithelium within the pancreatic duct adjacent to the ampulla Vater was suggested. Acute interstitial pancreatitis was assumed to have resulted from suppurative inflammation of the pancreatic duct. DIC was probably caused by the release of pancreatic enzymes. PMID- 7136703 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of the oocyst and sporocyst of Toxoplasma gondii. AB - Oocysts and sporocysts of T. gondii were examined with the scanning electron microscope. The oocysts were slightly ellipsoidal in shape with a smooth outline. The sporocysts were also ellipsoidal with a smooth surface on which there were a number of raised ridges. The ridges represent the junctions between the four plates comprising the sporocyst wall. From the distribution of the ridges it was concluded that the wall consisted of two upper and two lower plates which were at an angle to each other and which interlocked along the mid-line suture. The specific orientation of the plates would provide a structure extremely resistant to mechanical disruption. During excystation, an infolding of the surface was observed along the suture lines between the plates of the sporocyst wall. PMID- 7136704 TI - Immunochemical studies of partially hydrolyzed lipopolysaccharide from Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 10953. AB - Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 10953 LPS was split by hydrolysis with 1 per cent acetic acid into acid-soluble polysaccharide and lipid A. Gel filtration of the acid-soluble polysaccharide on Bio-Gel P-60 gave a high-molecular-weight fraction eluted with the void volume (Vo), and a fraction eluted at 2.4 x Vo. The high molecular-weight fraction was serologically active, and contained glucose as the only sugar. The other fraction, which was serologically inactive, contained L glycero-D-manno-heptose, galactose, glucosamine, keto-deoxy-octonate, and phosphorus. The fraction eluted at 2.4 x Vo is thought to constitute the polysaccharide core region, whereas the high-molecular-weight fraction may represent O-antigenic side chains. PMID- 7136705 TI - The use of frozen erythrocytes in macrophage studies. 1. Attachment to the foreign surface receptor of the macrophages. AB - The attachment of red cells to mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro was tested with erythrocytes (from sheep and man) which had been subjected to different cryoprotective agents and freezing procedures. The experiments showed that with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as the cryoprotective agent no difference in macrophage attachment was seen whether the erythrocytes were frozen or not. With the other cryoprotectants tested, macrophages were more efficient in attaching frozen than unfrozen erythrocytes. This was the case with erythrocytes from both sheep and man. Similar results were obtained with fresh (one week) and old (two weeks) erythrocytes. PMID- 7136706 TI - Morphological and histochemical characterization of the medullary cells in the bursal follicles of the chicken. AB - Using light and electron-microscopy and enzyme-histochemical methods the cells in the follicular medulla of the chicken bursa of Fabricius were characterized. The following cell types were identified: lymphocytes of both B and T cell series, lymphoblasts, plasma cells, dendritic reticulum cells and histiocytic reticulum cells--the latter being the only cells phagocytosing the tracer substance used (colloidal carbon). The medullary cells observed showed electron-microscope and histochemical characteristics typical of the germinal center cells in mammalian lymphoreticular tissues. Furthermore, a distinct bursal follicular epithelial cell was identified, and so was a medullary epithelial structure resembling Hassall's corpuscle of the thymus. These findings give further support to the idea that the avian bursa has functions of a peripheral lymphoid organ as well as containing T-derived lymphocytes. PMID- 7136707 TI - [Effects of convallatoxin and ouabain on myocardial microvascular bed by estimating myocardial uptake of 86RbCL]. PMID- 7136708 TI - [Further observations on the effect of prolonged administration of gossypol acetic acid to rats]. PMID- 7136709 TI - [Studies on the antispasmodic and analgesic actions of crystal-8 isolated from Zanthoxylum nitidum (ROXB.) DC]. PMID- 7136710 TI - [A method for the analysis of the absorption kinetics of drugs]. PMID- 7136712 TI - [Tumour chemotherapy XXXXIII. Syntheses of some nitro-tryptophans and their relative compounds]. PMID- 7136711 TI - [Synthesis of 5-pregnen-3 beta-OL-20-one derivatives (A, B ring) and studies on their structure-activity relationships]. PMID- 7136713 TI - [Studies on the Chinese drug, aconitine spp. XX. Alkaloids from Aconitum finetianum Hand-Mazz]. PMID- 7136714 TI - [The prediction of chemical stability of streptomycin sulfate solution by linear non-isothermal method]. PMID- 7136715 TI - [Syntheses of potential antituberculous compounds--5-methoxy-3-arylazoindoles]. PMID- 7136716 TI - [The reduction of prostaglandin intermediate with diisobutylaluminium hydride]. PMID- 7136717 TI - [Synthesis of 6-(2-cyanoethyl)-17 alpha- acetoxy-progesterone compounds]. PMID- 7136718 TI - [Synthesis of the anti-estrogen, delta 4-10 beta-acetoxy-17 beta-hydroxy-17 alpha ethynyl-estren-3-one]. PMID- 7136719 TI - [Polarographic determination of aesculetin in qinpi (Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance or F. chinesis Roxo)]. PMID- 7136720 TI - [Chemical studies on the weak alkaloids of Rauwolfia verticillata (Lour) Baill. F. rubrocarpa H. D. Zhang mss]. PMID- 7136722 TI - [Progress in the research of analytical methods of saponins]. PMID- 7136721 TI - [Studies on the SGPT-lowering active component of the fruits of Schisandra rubriflora Rhed et Wils]. PMID- 7136726 TI - Effects of manganese on carbohydrate metabolism and mitochondrial enzymes in rats. AB - The effect of daily intraperitoneal administration of Mn2+(4 mg/kg) was investigated on the metabolism of carbohydrates and certain enzymes involved in the oxidation of glucose in the rat liver and blood at the intervals of 30, 60 and 90 days after exposure. Mn2+ had no effect on the contents of blood reducing sugars and proteins, however the levels of pyruvic and lactic acids were reduced at 60 and 90 days after the metal treatment. The contents of liver glycogen and proteins remained unaffected while pyruvic acid content was decreased in Mn2+ treated rat liver throughout the experimental period. The activities of glycogen phosphorylase and lactate dehydrogenase decreased while that of phosphoglucoisomerase and glucose-6-phosphatase increased in the post mitochondrial supernatant at 60 and 90 days of Mn2+ exposure. The levels of hexokinase decreased and FDP-aldolase and fructose-1, 6-diphosphatase increased throughout the experimental period. The magnitude of alteration was found to be greater with the increase in the duration of Mn2+ treatment. Several of the mitochondrial enzymes in the liver were inhibited in the manganese exposed rats which may be responsible to inhibit the rate of dehydrogenation of Kreb cycle's intermediates along with the linked respiratory chain and eventually oxidation in the rat liver. PMID- 7136725 TI - The distribution of 14C-p-tert.-butyltoluene (TBT) following inhalation by the rat: a whole body autoradiographic study. AB - The distribution of [methyl-14C]p-tert.-butyltoluene was studied in the rat by use of whole-body autoradiography and liquid scintillation counting. The test substance was administered by inhalation. High concentration of radioactivity was seen in the CNS immediately after inhalation, from where it was rapidly cleared. The liver also contained much radioactivity, as well as the bile, kidneys and the praeputial glands. Increasing amounts of radioactivity were observed in the skin, adipose tissue (brown adipose tissue) and the Harderian gland with increasing survival times. There was still some radioactivity left in the animal 96 hrs after exposure. At least part of the radioactivity in the skin, liver, brown adipose tissue, the Harderian gland and the praeputial glands was found to be non extractable from the sections using both polar and non-polar solvents. PMID- 7136723 TI - Pharmacokinetics of hydroflumethiazide during repeated administration in congestive heart failure. AB - The renal elimination and accumulation of hydroflumethiazide (HFT) during repeated oral administration was investigated in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). When four doses of HFT wee given with 24 hr intervals, the mean 24 hr urinary excretion of HFT was 55-65% of the dose after 75 mg and 53-57% after 150 mg. 24 hr excretion of HFT was not significantly higher after the fourth dose as compared with the first. The renal plasma clearance of HFT was significantly correlated with creatinine clearance (P less than 0.01). The biological half-life (t1/2 beta) of HFT ranged from 6.5-27.9 hrs. Mean t1/2 beta was shorter (P less than 0.05) after 75 mg (9.2 hrs) than after 150 mg doses (14.1 hrs). The disposition rate constant of HFT was not significantly correlated with creatinine clearance or with renal plasma clearance of HFT, indicating that the volume of distribution was reduced at reduced renal function. PMID- 7136724 TI - Effects of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase inhibitors FLA-57 and FLA-63 on ethanol metabolism and aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in rats. AB - In rats pretreated with the dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH)-inhibitors FLA-57 and FLA-63 (60 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, for 4 and 18 hrs), no effects on the blood acetaldehyde level after ethanol administration or on the activity of the low-Km aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in the liver were found. FLA-63 but not FLA-57 decreased the rate of ethanol elimination. FLA-63 inhibited the low-Km enzyme in vitro, but much less than the ALDH-inhibitors disulfiram and cyanamide. FLA-57 caused no inhibition in vitro. The results show that the previously observed suppression of ethanol intake in rats by FLA-57 and FLA-63 was not caused by an acetaldehyde-mediated aversion such as during the disulfiram-ethanol reaction. PMID- 7136727 TI - Studies on the effects of orally administered dicyclohexyl phthalate in the rat. AB - The oral administration of 500-2500 mg/kg/day dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP) to young male Sprague-Dawley rats for 7 days resulted in liver enlargement and induction of some parameters of hepatic xenobiotic metabolism. Additional studies indicated that the hepatic enzyme induction resembled that of sodium phenobarbitone rather than that of polycyclic hydrocarbons. Morphological examination of the livers of DCHP treated rats revealed centrilobular cell hypertrophy and ultrastructural examination demonstrated marked proliferation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Mitochondrial structure and numbers of peroxisomes (microbodies) were not affected. DCHP treatment did not affect kidney and testes weights but some histological evidence of testicular damage was obtained with 2500 mg/kg/day of DCHP. The metabolites of DCHP, namely monocyclohexyl phthalate (MCHP) and cyclohexanol, also induced certain parameters of hepatic xenobiotic metabolism. MCHP, but not cyclohexanol also produced marked testicular atrophy. It is concluded that DCHP is a weak drug-type inducer of hepatic xenobiotic metabolism in the rat and the hepatic effects of this phthalate diester are different from those of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. PMID- 7136728 TI - Possible regulatory role of histamine in human platelet function examined by thrombin-induced serotonin release. AB - The influence of histamine on human platelet function was studied by thrombin induced serotonin release. The thrombin-induced 3H-serotonin release was confirmed to be a rapid process which does not require external calcium. Histamine was found to reduce the release of serotonin and the inhibition was abolished when H1-plus H2-antagonists were added together with histamine. H1- and H2-receptor stimulation was examined in two ways, by a combination of histamine with cimetidine or diphenhydramine and by the selective agonists 2-(2-pyridyl) ethylamine and impromidine. In both instances H1- and H2-stimulation was found to reduce the platelet serotonin release. These results suggest a regulatory role of histamine in the platelet function by stimulation of platelet H1- and H2 receptors. PMID- 7136729 TI - Biphasic effects of inhaled solvents on human equilibrium. AB - Nine healthy male students were exposed for 4 hours at 6-day intervals to atmospheric concentrations of m-xylene (8.2 mumol/l; 200 p.m.) and 1,1,1 trichloroethane (TCE) (8.2 and 16.4 mumol/l; 200 and 400 p.m.) and also to a combination of 8.2 mumol/l of xylene and of 16.4 mumol/l of TCE. The exposures took place during 6 consecutive weeks. Body sway was recorded with the subjects' eyes closed and open on each day with a strain gauge transducer platform prior to and during the exposures. For the average and for the maximal body sway, the ratio of the sway with the eyes closed to the sway with the eyes open was calculated for each recording. Xylene and TCE at 8.2 mumol/l in air tended to decrease the ratio, whereas the higher TCE concentration alone or in combination with xylene tended to have an opposite effect of the same magnitude. The results support the idea that TCE might exhibit a biphasic pattern of acute effects on the central vestibular system. Pharmacokinetic interactions between xylene and TCE were not observed. PMID- 7136731 TI - Autoradiographic studies on the distribution of arsenic in mice and hamsters administered 74As-arsenite or -arsenate. AB - Whole-body autoradiography in combination with other determinations of tissue levels of 74As-arsenic in mice, 5 min. to 30 days after intravenous injections of 74As-arsenite (As III) or -arsenate (As V), showed higher organ concentrations and whole-body retention of arsenic in the As III mice as compared to the As V mice. Only the kidneys (at short time intervals) and the skeleton had higher levels in the As V mice as compared to the As III mice. The skeletal accumulation of As V is probably due to the resemblance of the arsenate to phosphate, so that arsenate may substitute for phosphate in the apatite crystal. The long-term retention of arsenic was most apparent in hair and skin, squamous epithelium of the upper gastrointestinal tract (oral cavity, oesophagus, and the oesophageal part of the stomach mucosa), the epididymis, thyroid, lens and skeleton. The accumulation in hair, skin and the upper gastrointestinal tract may be ascribed to a binding to keratin, the content of which is high in squamous epithelia. The distribution of arsenic in golden hamsters was similar to that found in mice. The significance of the findings in relation to reported adverse effects of inorganic arsenic is discussed. PMID- 7136730 TI - Binding of sulfinpyrazone and its metabolites in human serum and in solutions of human serum albumin. AB - The binding of sulfinpyrazone its sulfone metabolite and its sulfide metabolite to serum protein was studied by equilibrium dialysis. At 20 micrograms/ml 99.1% of the parent compound was bound in serum, whereas 99.8% of the sulfide and 98.3% of the sulfone were bound at this concentration. The binding of the three compounds were studied in diluted serum and in solutions of human serum albumin (HSA). There was no evidence of binding to proteins other than albumin. The association constants to primary and secondary binding sites and the number of binding sites were calculated. For the sulfide a lower K1-value in serum (0.76 . 10(6)M-1) than in the HSA solution (1.8 . 10(6)M-1) indicated the possible presence of a competitively bound substance in serum. In undiluted serum no displacing effect of the sulfide on sulfinpyrazone binding was found when both compounds were present in a concentration of 20 micrograms/ml, but in a HSA solution a pronounced sulfide induced displacement of the sulfinpyrazone from its primary binding site was shown. Acetylation of HSA depressed the binding of sulfinpyrazone but in undiluted serum there was no other effect on sulfinpyrazone binding by the addition of acetylsalicylic acid than could be explained by the displacing effect of salicylic acid. At concentrations of 20 micrograms/ml of sulfinpyrazone and above 50 micrograms/ml of the displacing agent significant displacement was demonstrated with phenylbutazone, tolbutamide and salicylic acid. PMID- 7136732 TI - Effects of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpyruvic acid and its triacetylated derivative on DOPA decarboxylase. AB - Various drugs have been studied in order to improve the bioavailability of L DOPA. In the present study, the alpha-ketoacid of L-DOPA, 3,4 dihydroxyphenylpyruvic acid (DHPPA) and its fully acetylated derivative, triacetoxyphenylpyruvic acid (TAPPA), were investigated. These substances were shown to be equally strong DOPA decarboxylase inhibitors in vitro. The inhibitory activity was, however, only about 1/2000 of that of carbidopa and 1/10 of that of L-alpha-methyldopa. In vivo studies in the rat showed that when either DHPPA or TAPPA was given orally concomitantly with L-DOPA, only DHPPA, which is a transaminase inhibitor, enhanced the L-DOPA induced rise in the cerebral dopamine concentration. TAPPA had, however, an enhancing effect on the L-DOPA-induced rise in the serum L-DOPA concentration. The weak L-DOPA-sparing effect of TAPPA could be explained by its inhibitory effect on DOPA decarboxylase and the marked L-DOPA sparing effect of DHPPA by its action on both transamination and decarboxylation. PMID- 7136733 TI - Acidic amine buffers in electrochemical detection liquid chromatography. PMID- 7136734 TI - Formation of indomethacin esters in polyethylene glycol suppositories. PMID- 7136735 TI - In vitro release studies on lidocaine aqueous solutions, micellar solutions, and o/w emulsions. PMID- 7136736 TI - Isolation and properties of ligatoxin A, a toxic protein from the mistletoe Phoradendron liga. PMID- 7136737 TI - Screening of Iranian plants for antimicrobial activity. PMID- 7136738 TI - Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of 2-arylmethylpyrrolidine derivatives. PMID- 7136739 TI - Evidence for feedback mediated reduction of glomerular filtration rate during infusion of acetazolamide. AB - Systemic administration of acetazolamide (ACZ) causes glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to fall. Clearance and micropuncture experiments were done to define the mechanism of this drug effect. When rats were infused with ACZ intravenously, kidney GFR fell by 30% and single nephron (SN) GFR (measured by collecting distal tubule fluid) fell by 23%. Changes in arterial blood pressure, arterial pH, extracellular fluid volume, and proximal tubule pressure were not sufficient to account for the decrease in GFR. When SNGFR was measured by collecting proximal tubule fluid, with the loop of Henle having been blocked for 2-5 min, SNGFR was higher than the distally measured value and was not different than control. The results are consistent with the fall in GFR being caused by activation of the tubulo-glomerular feedback mechanism. PMID- 7136740 TI - Blood flow in the rabbit tenuissimus muscle. Influence of preparative procedures for intravital microscopic observation. AB - The tenuissimus muscle in the rabbit and the cat is a suitable tissue for intravital microscopic investigation of skeletal muscle blood flow. In this study the influence of surgical procedures necessary for direct microscopic observation on the physiological state of the rabbit tenuissimus muscle was assessed by means of blood flow measurements. Mean resting blood flow was 2.8 +/0 0.8 (mean +2- S.D.) ml.min-1.100 g-1 in the left tenuissimus muscle when prepared for microscopic observation as determined by the radioactive microsphere method. This value was not significantly different from that in the intact unexposed muscle in the contralateral leg, 3.3 +/- 1.1. ml.min-1.100 g-1. Exposure of the muscle to atmospheric oxygen tension resulted in a reduction of blood flow to 0.7 +/- 0.4 ml.min-1.100 g -1, suggesting that local metabolic control mechanisms were active. The normal range of vascular control seemed to be maintained, as demonstrated by an increase in blood flow to 64.2 +/- 18.8 ml.min-1.100 g-1 during "maximal" vasodilation induced by topical application of PGE1. The tenuissimus muscle showed a marked sensitivity to mechanical stimulation. Slight stretching of the muscle, similar to what may occur during surgical preparation, resulted in an increase in blood flow to 17.5 +/- 5.7 ml.min-1.100 g-1. Flow values calculated from data obtained by direct microscopic measurements in the tenuissimus muscle agreed well with those obtained by the microsphere method. PMID- 7136741 TI - Effects of excessive caloric intake and caloric restriction on body weight and energy expenditure at rest and light exercise. AB - The individual response to overeating and semistarvation on energy expenditure at rest and light work before and after a test meal was investigated. This response was related to the change in dry body weight, measured as weight (W) minus total body water (TBW). Experiments were performed on 9 non-obese subjects: (a) with a normal habitual energy intake; (b) (overfeeding) with an extra energy intake of 12 MJ per day for two weeks; and (c) (semistarving) with an energy intake of only 2.1 MJ per day for 2 weeks. Measurements of VO2, VCO2, W and TBW were obtained at the end of each of the three periods. It was found that the perturbation in energy intake from normal to 20-25 MJ per day increased the energy expenditure. The magnitude of this increase was highly individual and inversely related to the change in dry body weight. Energy expenditure, measured under the four standardized conditions, after 2 weeks of starvation was lower than that obtained after the preceding overeating period. This decrease was also roughly inversely related to the change in dry body weight. The results support the idea that part of the regulation of body energy content takes place by way of a change in the efficiency of energy utilization and that the response to a perturbed energy intake varies considerably between subjects. PMID- 7136742 TI - Effects of live ischemia on hepatic protein synthesis in vitro and in vivo. AB - When an in vitro system is used to study the influence of ischemia on hepatic protein synthesis, an important question is whether alterations observed in vitro reflect changes in vivo. In the present study the effects of liver ischemia on protein synthesis were investigated in rats both in vitro and in vivo. Liver ischemia was induced by hepatic artery ligation. Protein synthesis in vitro was determined from leucine incorporation into proteins in liver slices incubated in a medium containing 14C-leucine (0.5 mol/l) and in vivo from leucine incorporation into hepatic proteins after intraportal injection of a tracer dose of 14C-leucine. Leucine incorporation rate in non-ischemic liver was 0.16 mumol.g prot-1.h-1 in vitro and 19.6 mumol.g prot-1.h-1 in vivo. After hepatic artery ligation protein synthesis in vitro was reduced by about 60% and in vivo by about 80%. Thus, the relative changes were of the same magnitude in vitro and in vivo. This indicates that an vitro system can be used to evaluate the effects of liver ischemia on hepatic protein synthesis. PMID- 7136743 TI - Regulation of subcutaneous blood flow during head-up tilt (45 degrees) in normals. AB - Local and remote regulation of subcutaneous blood flow in the forearm and leg was studied during head-up tilt (45 degrees) in 6 young healthy male subjects. Relative blood flow was estimated by the local 133Xe washout technique. Lowering of a leg to a 51% decrease in its subcutaneous blood flow due to a veno arteriolar reflex elicited by the increase in venous transmural pressure. During head-up tilt subcutaneous blood flow in the arm remaining at heart level decreased by 27%, in the leg blood flow decreased by 50%. Following proximal nervous blockade, head-up tilt did not induce vasoconstriction in forearm at heart level, but blood flow in distal leg decreased by 45%. Thus there was no difference in the vasoconstrictor response in the leg to head-up tilt or lowering of the labelled area by 40 cm. Since head-up tilt caused neurogenically mediated vasoconstriction in subcutaneous tissue, subcutaneous blood flow in the extremities seems to be regulated by remote (baroreceptor) as well as local sympathetic reflex mechanisms (veno-arteriolar reflex). PMID- 7136744 TI - Osmotic control of plasma vasopressin in anesthetized dogs. AB - The relation between plasma osmolality (pOsm) and the concentration of immunoreactive vasopressin in plasma from an external jugular vein (pAVP) was studied in dogs prepared with carotid loops and anesthetized with chloralose pentobarbital. Control mean pAVP was 0.6-1.0 microM/ml, after 24 h of dehydration pAVP was tripled. Isosmotic volume expansion for 10 min elicited a decrease in pAVP in all cases not associated with low control values of pAVP. I.v. hyperosmotic infusions (delta pOsm: 9 or 18 mOsm/kg in 10 min) increased pAVP. No significant alterations in pAVP occurred in relation to infusions during which the head or the remainder of the body was selectively supplied by hyperosmotic blood. Statistically, the distribution of the pAVP values suggests the existence of two populations, in euhydrated animals high concentrations (greater than 8 microU/ml) were found in a small fraction of the samples. It is concluded that (i) in chloralose-anesthetized, non-traumatized dogs pAVP is very similar to values found in venous plasma from conscious dogs, (ii) the pAVP measurements support the concept of an episodic secretion of vasopressin, and (iii) under the present circumstances, an ubiquitous increase in pOsm is a more effective stimulus for vasopressin release than a similar but selective increase in the osmolality of the blood flowing towards the head. PMID- 7136746 TI - Effect of regional hypoxia and blood flow on capillary permeability in canine myocardium. AB - The effect of hypoxia and blood flow on the capillary permeability-surface area product (PS) of 51Cr-EDTA was investigated in canine myocardium of open chest anesthetized dogs at constant aortic pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output. PS was determined by bolus injection of 51Cr-EDTA into the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and external registration of the response curve. Vascular conductance (G) and PS were measured: (1) during pump perfusion of LAD with arterial blood (control state), and (2) during vasodilation obtained by LAD perfusion with deoxygenated blood at same blood flow as in control state, and (3) during increased blood flow with deoxygenated blood. Mean value of G in control state was 1.31 ml.min-1 (100 g)-1.(mmHg)-1. The ratio G-hypoxia/G-control used to assess the extent of vasodilation was 2.42 (range 1.67-3.56) during hypoxia and unchanged flow and 2.82 (range 1.81-4.47) during hypoxia and increased flow. Mean value of PS in control state was 36 ml-(100g)-1.min-1. With maximum vasodilation and constant blood flow PS increased to 47.3 ml.(100 g)-1.min-1 (37%) and during increased blood flow to 69.0 ml.(100 g)-1.min-1 (96%). The increase in PS most likely reflects an increase in capillary surface area available for exchange of 51Cr-EDTA indicating a 1.4- to 2-fold recruitment of capillaries. PMID- 7136745 TI - The relation between carotid solute concentration and renal water excretion in conscious dogs. AB - Verney's hypothesis of cerebral osmoreceptors controlling the renal excretion of water via vasopressin was reinvestigated in conscious trained dogs provided with bilateral skin loops containing the common carotid arteries. In multiple experiments in two dogs, bilateral intracarotid injections (0.25 ml. (kg b.wt.)-1 per artery in 10 s) of a hyperosmotic solution of sodium chloride (0.257 mol/l) during transient water diuresis failed to produce an antidiuretic response, although it is estimated that the injections elevated the osmolality of the carotid blood by 12-15%. In another 5 dogs, Bilateral intracarotid infusions of hyperosmotic saline (45 mumol.(kg b wt..min)-1 per artery for 10 min) during sustained water diuresis resulted in a 3% increase in jugular venous osmolality and an antidiuretic response without detectable changes in heart rate or mean arterial pressure. Equal intravenous hyperosmotic or intracarotid isosmotic infusions were not associated with antidiuretic response. Analysis of the concomitant concentrations of vasopressin in plasma fell short of supporting the hypothesis that the antidiuretic response to intracarotid hyperosmotic infusions was exclusively or mainly due to liberation of vasopressin, although the renal response could be mimicked by exogenous vasopressin. It is concluded that the present results-although discordant with several of Verney's results and assumptions-nevertheless support the concept of a cerebral solute receptor influencing the rate of renal water excretion. PMID- 7136747 TI - Permeability of fenestrated capillaries in the isolated pig pancreas, with effects of bradykinin and histamine, as studied by simultaneous registration of filtration and diffusion capacities. AB - Combining an isogravimetric technique and a colorimetric 'on-line' method (Rippe & Stage 1978), filtration capacity (CFC) and diffusion capacity (PS) were simultaneously measured in the maximally vasodilated 'fenestrated' capillary bed of isolated, artificially perfused pancreatic glands in 12 juvenile pigs. Both CFC and PS for Cr-EDTA were about 20 times greater than in the 'continuous' capillary bed of skeletal muscle. With perfusate flow rates of 250 ml/min x 100 g during isogravimetry, PS-Cr-EDTA averaged 110 +/- 10.0 (S.E.) ml/min X 100 g, and diffusion limitation occurred first at flow rates above 300 ml/min X 100 g. CFC was independent of flow rate and averaged 0.641 +/- 0.027 ml/min X 100 g X mmHg. The parallel augmentation of PS-Cr-EDTA and CFC in the fenestrated capillary bed compared with continuous ones seems to reflect both a higher number of capillaries per unit tissue and an increased number of 'small pores' per unit capillary surface, whilst the 'large pore system' appears to be similar. Following bradykinin or histamine infusion, results were similar to those for continuous capillaries (e.g. Rippe, Kamiya & Folkow 1978). Thus, without further vasodilatation CFC increased 3-fold While PS-Cr-EDTA increased only some 25%, and subsequent isoprenaline infusion reversed these effects. Previous studies on continuous capillaries indicate that histamine-type agents act by opening additional 'large pores' in the venular exchange sections (cf. Rippe & Grega (1978, Svensjo 1978), while beta-adrenergic agonists block this effect. The results further suggest that the fenestrae are not involved in these bradykinin histamine effects, but rather function as a high-density, small pore population. PMID- 7136748 TI - The effect of prostaglandin inhibition on renal function in the developing anesthetized lamb. AB - The importance of prostaglandin (PG) compounds for renal function in the developing kidney was studied by comparing renal blood flow (RBF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and fractional sodium (Na) excretion in control lambs and lambs treated with a PG synthesis inhibitor, indomethacin. The lambs were 1-2 and 4-6 weeks old and they were studied either during hydropenia (HP) or volume expansion (VE). Indomethacin significantly decreased Na excretion in both groups of hydropenic lambs. Indomethacin also completely blunted the natriuretic response to VE in the older lambs but had no effect on Na excretion in the volume expanded younger lambs. It is concluded that partial lack of PG inhibiting action on tubular Na transport will contribute to the poor natriuretic response to VE in neonatal lambs. Since PG will act locally rather than being blood-borne messengers, The divergent PG action in younger and older lambs might be explained by local differences in maturation of PG metabolism as well as by local differences in the maturation of PG sensitivity. PMID- 7136749 TI - Efferent renal nerve activity during intracarotid and intracerebroventricular infusions of hypertonic sodium chloride solutions and isotonic volume expansion in the rat. AB - The change in renal nerve activity under conditions known to increase renal sodium excretion was studied. In adult Sprague Dawley rats, anaesthetized with Inactin, normotonic and hypertonic NaCl solutions were infused into 1) a vein, 2) a carotid artery and 3) the third ventricle. The left kidney was freed and placed in a plastic cup. A renal nerve was dissected free and placed on a stainless bipolar electrode. The nerve was cut distal to the electrode. The nerve signals were amplified and recorded on a tape recorder. Simultaneously integrated nerve signals and also atrial and venous pressures were recorded. Intracarotid infusion of a 1 M NaCl solution increased sodium output and temporarily decreased renal nerve activity by some 35%. Corresponding intravenous (i.v.) infusion gave an increase in renal nerve activity and also in sodium output. The latter increase was delayed compared with that caused by the intracarotid infusion. No variations in blood pressure were noted. In control experiments with a slow i.v. infusion of physiological saline, renal nerve activity increased throughout the experiment, while sodium excretion remained constant. During infusion of a 1 M NaCl solution into the third ventricle, renal nerve activity decreased in about half of the cases. This reduction was often accompanied by an increased arterial blood pressure and an increased sodium output. Arterial blood pressure increases were especially pronounced at the highest infusion rats, i.e. 800 ml-min-1. Isotonic volume expansion of 2% of the body weight resulted in a transient decrease in renal nerve activity by about 30%. Venous blood pressure rose and sodium output increased six-fold. The decrease in nerve activity was observed both when the vagal nerves were intact and when they were cut. PMID- 7136750 TI - Some aspects of calcium uptake by human myometrial mitochondria and microsomes relevant to relaxation. AB - Calcium uptake by mitochondria and microsomes isolated from the human myometrium was studied at physiological Ca++ concentrations. The initial rates as well as the maximum velocity of Ca uptake by mitochondria were 10-20 times higher than those by microsomes. The Ca++ concentration for half-maximal transport in the mitochondria and microsomes was about 1 microM and 0.5 microM, respectively. The Ca uptake capacity of mitochondria measured after 20 min of uptake (1 microM Ca++ in the medium) was 10-30 times higher than that of microsomes. The capacity but not the initial rates of Ca uptake by microsomes was increased in the presence of 5 mM oxalate. These were only minor differences in the Ca uptake kinetics of subcellular fraction isolated from the pregnant and non-pregnant myometria. The results of this study reinforce the argument for the domineering role of mitochondria in the relaxation of the human myometrium. PMID- 7136751 TI - Abolished relationship between pancreatic HCO-3 secretion and arterial pH during carbonic anhydrase inhibition. AB - After acetazolamide administration, CO2 hydration in pancreatic cells would be slow and might become a rate-limiting factor to pancreatic HCO-3 secretion. Correspondingly, pancreatic HCO-3 secretion-normally pH dependent-would become slow and pH-independent. However, acetazolamide would not be expected to interfere with the capacity of the secretory mechanism to generate a proton potential gradient between pancreatic cells and interstitial fluid. These predictions were examined in 5 anesthetized, secretion infused (2.7 C. U./kg b.wt. h-1) pigs. Pancreatic juice was collected from a catheter in the pancreatic duct. Arterial pH was varied through i.v. HCl and NaHCO3 infusions and CO2 addition to inspired air. Before acetazolamide, HCO-3 secretion varied with plasma pH and averaged 298 +/- 30 mumol/min at control arterial pH. Acetazolamide (150 mg/kg, i.v.) reduced HCO3 secretion to 84 +/- 12 mumol/min and rendered secretion independent of arterial pH between pH 7.6 and pH 7.0. It is concluded that acetazolamide imposes a pH-independent transport maximum on pancreatic HCO-3 secretion, but does not reduce the capacity of the secretory mechanism to sustain a proton potential gradient between cells and interstitial fluid. PMID- 7136752 TI - Ultrastructural observations in the rat ileal mucosa of possible epithelial "taste cells" and submucosal sensory neurons. AB - Electronmicroscopical studies of the rat ileum have demonstrated the presence of submucosal neuronlike cells located just under the basal lamina of intestinal crypts. These cells had dendrite-like processes and frequently made contacts with adjacent submucosal nerve terminals. Furthermore, within the mucosa epithelial "clear' cells with apical cytoplasmic processes into the gut lumen and basal cytoplasmic processes extending underneath adjacent epithelial cells were demonstrated. The "clear' cells were devoid of secretory granules, as e.g. endocrine cells, and had a morphological resemblance to taste cells. Occasionally the "clear' cells made contacts with submucosal nerve terminals. The possibility that the "clear' cells and submucosal neuronlike cells represent a receptive function within the intestine is discussed. PMID- 7136753 TI - Effect of spinal sympathetic blockade upon postural changes of blood flow in human peripheral tissues. AB - The effect of head-up tilt upon subcutaneous and skeletal muscle blood flow in the crus was studied before and during epidural blockade in 10 subjects. Relative changes in blood flow were estimated by the local 133Xe washout technique. In subcutaneous tissue head-up tilt induced a decrease in blood flow of about 40% and there was no difference in the vascular response to head-up tilt before and during epidural blockade. In skeletal muscle tissue essentially the same was found as head-up tilt decreased blood flow by about 26% the response being uninfluenced by epidural blockade. In 3 patients local nervous blockade was induced by Lidocaine in 133Xe labelled subcutaneous tissue on one side. During epidural blockade and tilt blood flow increased by 12% whereas blood flow decreased by 30% on the control side. Thus epidural blockade had no influence on the vasoconstrictor response in subcutaneous tissue and skeletal muscle to head up tilt whereas local blockade was able to prevent the response. Local mechanisms including the local veno-arteriolar reflex appear to play an important role for the observed maintenance of arterial blood pressure in the tilted position during central sympathetic blockade. PMID- 7136754 TI - Heterogeneity in regulation of glomerular function. AB - The aim was to study differences in filtration driving forces and glomerular filtration rates between superficial and deep nephrons when urine flow rate was altered at the macula densa region. In young rats stop-flow pressures and single nephron glomerular filtration rates (SNGFR) were measured in the superficial proximal tubules and in the loops of Henle in the papilla. SNGFR was also measured with a modified Hanssen technique. The stop-flow pressures of superficial nephrons amounted to 30.9 +/- 0.8 mmHg (mean +/- SE) and those of juxtamedullary nephrons to 52.2 +/- 1.6 mmHg. In the stop-flow condition the net driving filtration forces were calculated to be about 19 mmHg and 50 mmHg for the superficial and deep glomeruli, respectively. In free flow conditions both net driving forces were calculated to be 19 mmHg. The micropuncture technique gave a SNGFR value for superficial nephrons of 29.6 +/- 2.9 and for deep nephrons of 84.1 +/- 8.5 nl x min-1 . g-1 kidney weight (KW). With a modified Hanssen technique the corresponding values were 25.8 +/- 3.3 and 27.7 +/- 2.9 nl . min-1 . g-1 KW. The tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism is considered to have a powerful regulatory influence on the glomerular filtration rate of deep nephrons. PMID- 7136755 TI - Sympathetic effects on cerebral and ocular blood flow in rabbits pretreated with indomethacin. AB - The effects of unilateral stimulation of the cervical sympathetic chain on cerebral and ocular blood flow was investigated in 8 rabbits anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium and pretreated with indomethacin in order to inhibit the formation of prostaglandins. Blood flow determinations were made with the labelled microsphere method during normotension and acute arterial hypertension. Hypertension was induced by ligation of the thoracic aorta. Evans blue was given as a tracer for protein leakage during hypertension. Sympathetic stimulation had no significant effect on the blood flow in the brain under the two conditions studied. In the uvea marked effects of sympathetic stimulation were obtained at normotension as well as at hypertension. There were no indications of breakdown of the blood-brain barrier or the blood-aqueous barrier. Thus, there was no evidence for any prostaglandin-mediated inhibition of sympathetic effects in the brain or the eye. PMID- 7136756 TI - Changes in cadaverine and putrescine metabolism in the mouse kidney induced to growth by an anabolic steroid. AB - The formation of cadaverine and putrescine was studied in the kidneys of gonadectomized male mice stimulated to growth by nandrolone, an anabolic steroid with low androgenic activity. Administration of nandrolone resulted in an increased kidney weight and elevated activities of lysine and ornithine decarboxylase (assayed by measurement of the formation of 14CO2 from the 1-14C labelled amino acids). The responses were dose and time dependent. The elevated enzyme activities were reflected by an increased endogenous kidney content of cadaverine and putrescine as well as in an increased urinary excretion of the diamines. Further, the kidney content and the urinary excretion of the polyamines spermidine and spermine were elevated on nandrolone treatment. Fractionation of kidney extracts on pore gradient electrophoresis revealed an apparent molecular weight of about 95 000 Daltons of the lysine decarboxylase as well as of the ornithine decarboxylase. On electrofocusing it was evident that both enzymes were present as more than one isoelectric form. However, the main form in both cases focused at a pH of about 5.0. PMID- 7136757 TI - Effect of frequency of growth hormone administration on longitudinal bone growth and body weight in hypophysectomized rats. AB - The effect of frequency of growth hormone (GH) administration on longitudinal bone growth and body weight was studied in hypophysectomized rats. Replacement therapy with 3 different doses of human GH [(hGH) Crescormone] was started 10-14 days after hypophysectomy and was continued for 5 days. Longitudinal bone growth, as measured by the tetracycline method, and body weight were determined during the injection period. With a daily replacement dose of 128 micrograms of hGH body weight gain and longitudinal bone growth were significantly higher when the hormone was injected 4 and 8 times per day compared with animals receiving the hormone in one daily injection. When the dose of hGH was 32 or 8 micrograms per day, longitudinal bone growth and body weight gain were more pronounced in animals receiving the hormone 2 and 4 times per day compared with animals receiving the hormone one or 8 times per day. The results of the present study demonstrate that the frequency of GH administration influence body growth. The findings suggest that the secretory pattern of GH influence the growth rate under in vivo condition. PMID- 7136758 TI - Suppression of postganglionic sympathetic discharges by pentobarbital in endotoxic cats. AB - Pentobarbital (7-9 mg/kg) profoundly suppressed the sympathetic postganglionic cardiac and splenic discharges in endotoxic cats under chloralose anesthesia. Concurrently, the pre-existent tachycardia was replaced by bradycardia, and the blood pressure fell further. The findings are interpreted to imply a pentobarbital-induced sympatholysis. PMID- 7136759 TI - Is muscle structure influenced by genetical or functional factors? A study of three forearm muscles. AB - Relative fibre type composition and weights of 3 forearm muscles; the m. extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL), m. extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) and the m. brachioradialis (BR) from both the left and right arm were determined. Fibre type 1 muscle weight of the ECRB, which co-contracts posturally during gripping, was significantly greater in the right than the left forearm. Weights of type 2 fibres in this muscle were, however, similar in the left and right arm. Fibre type weights of both ECRL and BR were also similar in both arms. For all these muscles, intra-individual co-variation in relative fibre type occurrence was found. It is proposed that genetic factors may play a role in determining the relative fibre type composition at least as far as the upper extremities are concerned. However, functional demands are also important determining factors for development of muscle structure. PMID- 7136760 TI - Reflex activation of the sympatho-adrenal system inhibits the gastrin release caused by electrical vagal stimulation in cats. AB - The present study on anesthetized cats was performed to investigate how vagally induced gastrin release is influenced by simultaneous activation of the sympatho adrenal system. The gastrin concentration in portal blood and in antral perfusates was measured with radioimmunoassay. The vagi were activated electrically and the sympatho-adrenal system by bilateral clamping of the carotid arteries. It was found that the vagally induced release of gastrin both into the circulation and into the antral lumen, was markedly inhibited (30% of control values) by simultaneous sympathetic activation, both at neutral and at acid intraantral pH. Infusions of adrenaline or noradrenaline did not mimick the effect on gastrin release induced by clamping of the carotid arteries. It is possible that the inhibitory effect of sympathetic activation on stimulated gastrin secretion is mediated via release of an inhibitory peptide, e.g. somatostatin, from the splanchnic nerves. PMID- 7136762 TI - Concentration of neurotensin in human plasma after glucose, meals and lipids. PMID- 7136761 TI - Relationship between glucose and Ca2+ fluxes under anoxia and acidosis in resting cardiac cell of rat. PMID- 7136763 TI - Atropine-sensitive gastric excitation by local heating- the possibility of visceral axon reflex arrangement. PMID- 7136764 TI - Effect of age on cardiac index, stroke index and left ventricular ejection fraction at rest and during exercise as studied by radiocardiography. AB - Radiocardiography was used to measure cardiac output, stroke volume and left ventricular ejection fraction at rest and during muscular exercise in relation with age in 148 healthy subjects (age range: 6-78 years). A clear dependence of these parameters on age was found. The mean annual decrease at rest was 22 +/- 9 ml/min/m2 for cardiac index, 0.22 +/- 0.04 ml/m2 for stroke index and 0.0017 +/- 0.0003 for left ventricular ejection fraction. Male subjects had significantly (p less than 0.001) greater cardiac (9 +/- 4%) and stroke indices (11 +/- 3%) than females. During submaximal exercise cardiac index increased from 3.5 +/- 0.7 l/min/m2 to 8.1 +/- 1.6 l/min/m2 in male subjects (mean age: 32 years) and from 3.1 +/- 0.4 l/min/m2 to 7.2 +/- 1.2 l/min/m2 in female subjects (mean age: 29 years). The corresponding increases in stroke index and left ventricular ejection fraction were: from 52 +/- 7 ml/m2 to 62 +/- 9 ml/m2, from 46 +/- 7 ml/m2 to 51 +/- 9 ml/m2 and from 0.66 +/- 0.08 to 0.79 +/- 0.05 and from 0.64 +/- 0.10 to 0.72 +/- 0.10. In subjects who were 60 years and older the increases of these parameters during exercise were considerably smaller. PMID- 7136765 TI - Effect of denervation on acetylcholine synthesizing activity and nicotine-like binding sites in rat hind limb muscles. AB - The acetylcholine synthesizing (ACh-s) activity and the binding of the nicotine ligands 3H-alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha Btx) and 3H-d-tubocurarine (d-TC) were analysed in rat hind limb muscles 1-32 days after denervation. Muscles of the contralateral leg served as controls. ACh-s activity was considerably lower in tibialis anterior as compared to the extensor digitorum longus and the peroneus longus muscles. After denervation there was a rapid decrease in ACh-s activity in parallel to a considerable increase in alpha-Btx binding. The binding of d-TC was essentially unchanged following denervation indicating the special characteristics of the newly formed receptors. ACh-s activity can be differentiated into one specific (choline acetyltransferase) and one unspecific component. PMID- 7136766 TI - Contributions of blood drainage from the liver, spleen and intestines to cardiac effects of aortic occlusion in the dog. AB - By occluding the descending thoracic aorta, blood transferred from the lower to the upper part of the body increases left ventricular end-diastolic volume and maintains stroke volume despite a rise in systolic left ventricular pressure (LVP) of about 60 mmHg. Seventy percent of the blood drained stems from the splanchnic circulation. To examine which splanchnic organs contribute to the cardiac effects, selective occlusions were performed during ultrasonic measurements of spleen and liver dimensions and left ventricular myocardial chord length (MCL) in atropinized, open-chest dogs. Drainage of 15 +/- 2 ml from the spleen accounted for 18 +/- 4% of the increase in end-diastolic MCL, whereas liver dimensions remained unaltered. Similar results were obtained during aortic occlusion at high inotropy (isoproterenol infusion). It was ascertained by occlusion of the coeliac and mesenteric arteries that about 50% of the cardiac response to aortic occlusion was due to drainage from the intestines and the aorta. Liver blood volume could be reduced by combined occlusion of the aorta and portal vein or coeliac and mesenteric arteries and was sensitive to changes in pressure in the inferior vena cava, did not contribute to the cardiac response to aortic occlusion. PMID- 7136767 TI - Volume regulation of frog skin epithelium. AB - Previous results (MacRobbie & Ussing 1961) in combination with published values for cellular chloride concentration and for intracellular potentials show that the chloride concentration in frog skin epithelium cells is higher than predicted for equilibrium with the inside bathing solution. Both the apical and the basolateral membrane of these cells are normally almost tight to chloride, so that the maintenance of the high chloride concentration requires little work. A basolateral permeability to chloride is, however, activated by cell swelling, and the cells lose KCl. It is now shown that the KCl thus lost cannot be regained neither in the absence of sodium in the inside bath nor in the presence of furosemide. The volume regulation reactions are, however, independent of the composition of the outside bath. It is concluded that the recovery of KCl by the epithelium is due to a basolateral co-transport of NaCl from medium to cells, combined with return of Na to the medium via the Na-K pump. The co-transport mechanism thus restores the high chloride concentration of the cells, but seems to be virtually dormant unless the cells have lost chloride. PMID- 7136768 TI - Impairment during marked hypotension of the plasma volume control in hemorrhage. AB - During hypovolemia extravascular fluid is transferred across the capillaries into the circulation in order to restore blood volume. Several studies have shown that this process, which mainly occurs in skeletal muscle, effectively can compensate for the blood loss. The preset investigation performed in the cat strongly indicates, however, that this vital compensatory mechanism is inactivated in situations of pronounced hypovolemia leading to hypotension levels of 30-40 mmHg, i.e. when the need for refill of the circulatory system is most in demand. It is suggested that the cessation of fluid transfer from skeletal muscle to blood during marked hypotension is causally linked to the evoked pronounced reduction of blood flow, due partly to the much reduced perfusion pressure and partly to the marked vasoconstriction. Pronounced vasoconstriction in the hemodynamically important vascular bed of skeletal muscle is obviously an essential part of the necessary resistance response evoked in the systemic circulation in order to avoid circulatory collapse already in the early phase of a large blood loss. However, the chances for the organism to survive is minimized if the vasoconstriction leads to impairment of the mechanisms for plasma volume regulation. PMID- 7136771 TI - The feedback effect of granulation-tissue extract on the subcellular level: the degradation of ribosomes. PMID- 7136770 TI - Susceptibility of the sympathectomized ear to noise-induced hearing loss. AB - Unilaterally sympathectomiced rats were exposed to 100 dB Leq frequency-modulated noise for 1 month. Normotensive as well as spontaneously hypertensive animals (with a blood pressure of above 200 mmHg) were investigated. Auditory sensitivity was determined by auditory brainstem responses to 1/3-octave filtered sine waves in the frequency range 0.8-20.0 kHz. In addition, morphological analysis was carried out. It was found that the sympathetic innervation to the inner ear of the rat originated in, or passed through the ipsilateral superior cervical ganglion. Sympathectomy did not alter pre-exposure hearing thresholds nor influence the size of the noise-induced hearing loss either in 3 or 11 months old hypertensive rats, or in normotensive rats of 11 months. A slightly smaller loss was seen in the sympathectomized side in young normotensive rats. It was concluded that the sympathetic does not exert a protection of the inner ear against functional disturbances in hypertension, neither during basal metabolic condition nor during extreme conditions, i.e. during noxious noise exposure. PMID- 7136769 TI - Effects of cervical sympathetic stimulation on cerebral and ocular blood flows during hemorrhagic hypotension and moderate hypoxia. AB - The effect of cervical sympathetic stimulation upon regional blood flows was investigated in albino rabbits during graded hemorrhagic hypotension and mild to moderate hypoxic hypoxia. Regional blood flows were determined using labelled microspheres. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) decreased in response to progressive hypotension and increased considerably during hypoxia (100-200%). Unilateral sympathetic stimulation did not change the ipsilateral cerebral flow responses under either condition. There was a greater tendency to autoregulate down to lower blood pressures in deep than in superficial cerebral structures. During hypoxia cortical gray matter blood flow increased relatively more than did white matter blood flow. Blood flow in different parts of the eye decreased during hypotension and tended to increase during hypoxia. Unilateral sympathetic stimulation reduced flow rates on the stimulated side (10-50% of control side) under both conditions. The vasoconstrictory effect upon retinal blood flow tended, however, to be less during hypoxia. Dural blood flow showed a poor autoregulation and also no consistent vasodilatory response upon hypoxia. Sympathetic stimulation had a very marked effect. The results suggest that the cervical sympathetic nerves do not have any appreciable effect upon cerebral circulation during profound hypotensive and moderate hypoxic states. Dural and most ocular blood flows seem, however, to be clearly affected by sympathetic stimulation even under these extreme conditions. PMID- 7136772 TI - Quantitative measurements of the alcohol concentration and the temperature of breath during a prolonged exhalation. AB - After healthy men drank a moderate dose of alcohol their breath-alcohol concentrations and breath-temperatures were quantitatively determined as a function of expired-volume. All test were made in the post-adsorptive phase of ethanol metabolism and breath samples were analysed by gas-liquid chromatography. The temperatures of breath rose steadily from start to end of exhalation with a mean of 34.48 degrees C after a forced vital capacity (FVC) maneuver. The standard deviation of a single measurement of breath-temperature in randomly selected subjects was +/- 0.402 degrees C. No statistically significant increases in the temperature of breath were noted after an expired volume of 70% FVC. At average expired-breath volumes of 13.5%, 26.2%, 52.2%, 71.7% and 94.2% FVC the breath-temperatures were 33.3 degrees C, 33.5 degrees C, 33.9 degrees C, 34.1 degrees C and 34.4 degrees C whereas breath-alcohol concentration were 79.7%, 85.9%, 90.5%, 95.9% and 98.8% of the 100% FVC alcohol levels. When I corrected for the lower temperatures of breath in the early stages of expiration, the concentrations of alcohol were 86.6%, 90.8%, 93.5%, 96.5% and 98.5% of the 100% FVC levels. These results show that at least 70% of a man's vital capacity must be discarded before a breath-concentration plateau for ethanol develops. But even after a discard breath-volume of 10% FVC the concentration of alcohol reaches 80% of the level in end-expiratory breath. I suspect that ethanol dissolves in the mucous-membranes of the upper respiratory tract and equilibrates with breath in the airway dead-space and in the mouth. PMID- 7136773 TI - Gastric atropine-sensitive excitation by peripheral vagal stimulation after hexamethonium. Antidromic activation of afferents? AB - Experiments were performed in chloralosed cats with ligated adrenals with recording of arterial blood pressure, heat rate and gastric volume, the latter with a balloon method. Electric activation of the peripheral cut vagus at low and high intensity induced gastric excitatory and relaxatory responses, respectively. Hexamethonium blocked the stimulation-bound bradycardia but now high intensities induced excitatory gastric responses, resistant to alpha- and beta-adrenergic blocking agents and naloxone but sensitive to atropine. Heating of the intact vagus, to selectively activate thin afferents, resulted in gastric inhibition, due to vago-vagal reflex activation. When the nerve had been proximally cut, local nerve heating induced excitatory gastric responses, with the same pharmacological characteristics as those caused by electric nerve stimulation. The observations suggest that the hexamethonium-resistant gastric excitatory responses to peripheral vagal stimulation are due to antidromic activation of thin afferents which are proposed to function in axon reflexes affecting gastric motility. PMID- 7136774 TI - Lactate accumulation in muscle and blood during submaximal exercise. AB - Muscle and blood lactate concentration was studied in 10 healthy males during cycling exercise. For each subject the exercise intensity corresponding to a blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol.l-1 (OBLAw) was assessed by a step-wise increased exercise intensity protocol. In a second series of experiments the same protocol was performed but exercise was terminated at OBLAw and a muscle biopsy for subsequent analysis of lactate concentration was obtained from m. vastus lateralis. Biopsies were also taken at rest for histochemical determination of fiber type composition and capillary supply. The exercise intensity, which corresponded to OBLAw, averaged 159(117-216) W, equal to 65 (range 55-84)% of VO2max, and was found to be correlated to capillaries per fiber of the exercising muscle (r = 0.83, p less than 0.01). Muscle lactate concentration averaged 6.9 (range 2.1-12.6) mmol.kg-1 w.w. The change in blood lactate concentration (prior to and 1 min post exercise) was correlated to muscle lactate concentration (r = 0.71, p less than 0.05). It is concluded that great individual variations in the muscle/blood lactate gradient do exist during submaximal steady-state exercise, performed at a certain blood lactate level. PMID- 7136775 TI - Uptake and energy-dependent extrusion of calcium in the rat uterus. AB - The ability of lanthanum (La) to displace extracellular calcium or/and block calcium efflux from smooth muscle cells of the rat uterus was examined. Presence of 10 mM La in the medium used for tissue wash following 45Ca uptake (La method) increased 45Ca efflux particularly in the early phase (60 min) indicating displacement of extracellular calcium. Lowering of temperature from 37 degrees C to 2 degrees C of the La wash resulted in about three-fold increase in 45Ca retention by the tissue. Depolarization of tissue induced by high KCl during La wash at 37 degrees C had no effect on the retention of 45Ca. However, depolarization during 45Ca uptake significantly increased 45Ca uptake by the tissue which was counteracted by the presence of Nifedipine in the medium. The inhibition of tissue metabolic activity by FCCP had different effects on 45Ca retention depending on whether the tissues were washed at 37 degrees C or 2 degrees C. When active 45Ca extrusion during tissue washing was blocked (2 degrees C), 45Ca content of the tissues exposed to FCCP was reduced by about 35%. When tissues were allowed to actively pump out 45Ca (37 degrees C), 45Ca content of FCCP exposed tissues was increased by about 50%. It is concluded that about two thirds of the Ca extruded by the tissue is resistant to La blockage, and is dependent on the energy provided by tissue metabolic activity. During the use of the standard La method for measuring cellular calcium in the uterus, there is an underestimation due to unblocked 45Ca loss. PMID- 7136776 TI - Lactate in blood, mixed skeletal muscle, and FT or ST fibres during cycle exercise in man. AB - The relationship between muscle and blood lactate levels during progressively step-wise incrementing cycle exercise has been investigated in 10 male subjects. Steps between power outputs during exercise were 50 W and each stage, from loadless pedalling until voluntary exhaustion, lasted 4 min. Blood samples and biopsies (m. vastus lateralis) were taken for lactate determination at each power output beginning with the exercise intensity perceived by the subject as being "rather moderate". The ratio muscle:blood lactate was greater than one at all power outputs and increased most markedly at the power output closest to that eliciting 4 mmol x 1(-1) blood lactate (WOBLA). At WOBLA, blood lactate was positively correlated to muscle lactate concentrations which covaried widely among subjects (mean 8.3, range 4.5-14.4 mmol x kg-1 wet weight). Muscles fibres from the WOBLA biopsy in 6 subjects were dissected out and identified as fast twitch (FT) or slow twitch (ST). No significant difference in lactate concentration was observed between pools of FT or ST fibres. PMID- 7136777 TI - Neurotensin-induced release of histamine from rat mast cells in vitro. PMID- 7136778 TI - VIP-stimulated thyroid hormone secretion: effects of other neuropeptides and alpha- or beta-adrenoceptor blockade. PMID- 7136779 TI - Effect of vein pump activation upon muscle blood flow and venous pressure in the human leg. AB - The effect of vein pump activation upon superficial venous pressure and blood flow in human skeletal muscle tissue was studied in 7 healthy subjects. Blood flow was measured in the anterior tibial muscle by the local 133Xe washout technique. The subjects were placed on a steeply tilted couch in nearly erect position. The vein pump in gastrocnemius-soleus muscles was activated by heel raisings, and the anterior tibial muscle remained relaxed during this procedure. Blood flow in the resting anterior tibial muscle was constant before, during and after 20 heel-raisings per min. A more heavy exercise with 40 heel-raisings per min increased blood flow about 100%. This increase in blood flow was absent during venous stasis (40 mmHg), and in areas infiltrated with lidocaine. It is concluded, that intense dynamic exercise in gastrocnemius-soleus muscles, in erect humans, increased blood flow considerably in another crural muscle remaining in the resting state. The present study strongly suggests, that the observed increase in blood flow, was associated with a decrease in regional subfascial venous pressure to below the threshold level of the local sympathetic veno-arteriolar reflex. PMID- 7136780 TI - A mean distance of more than 100 A separates the surfaces of lipoproteins and rat erythrocytes. PMID- 7136781 TI - Contractile properties of two varieties of twitch muscle fibres in Xenopus laevis. AB - The contractile properties of twitch muscle fibres in the iliofibularis muscle of Xenopus laevis with characteristic differences in light-microscopical appearance have been studied under isometric and isotonic conditions. Type 1 fibres (large, pale) have a short contraction time (tc), a shoulder in the relaxation phase, and a high twitch-tetanus ratio. In type 2 fibres (medium-to-large with abundant mitochondria and lipid droplets) tc is longer, half-relaxation time equals tc, and the twitch-tetanus is lower. The capillary density is about 4 times higher for type 2 than for type 1. Computer-fitted hyperbolic force-velocity curves gave the following Hill constants (20 degrees C) for type 1 (2) fibres: P0*/P0 1.03 (1.15), a/P0* 0.48 (0.26), b 3.51 (1.53) 10/s; extrapolated Vmax (0-0.8P0) was 7.60 (6.27) 10/s. Lowered temperature (10 degrees C) increases the curvature of the P-V relation in type 1 fibres, little effect was seen in type 2. Increased PCO2 depressed the isometric tension in both types; in type 1 fibres the P-V relation became less curved, in type 2 fibres no change in curvature was observed. The results suggest that type 1 and type 2 fibres might contain myosin isozymes with slightly different temperature- and pH-sensitivities. PMID- 7136783 TI - Regional tissue fluid pressure in rat calf muscle during sustained contraction or stretch. AB - The tissue fluid equilibration pressure in central and peripheral regions of rat calf muscles has been measured by needles with large smoothed sideholes. Short equilibration periods were normally achieved although saline was not infused. Tissue fluid pressure during rest remained constant at -2 to 0 mmHg. During sustained isometric contraction the average tissue fluid pressure rose almost linearly with increasing force of contraction. The average pressure in the central inner zone of the muscle reached 220 +/- 80 mmHg during maximal force, whereas the average pressure in the outer peripheral zone increased to 85 +/- 56 mmHg, markedly less than in the central zone. Thus, this difference in regional tissue pressure may possibly explain the greater impediment to blood flow in central than in peripheral regions during contraction shown previously by Wisnes & Kirkebo (1976). Although a corresponding regional pressure difference was observed during passive stretch of the muscle, the absolute tissue pressures were much smaller. However, the heterogeneous pattern of muscle fiber directions and relative displacement of various muscle elements during work, may induce shear forces causing focal vessel obstructions that are different during contraction and stretch. PMID- 7136782 TI - Neuromuscular function and mechanical efficiency of human leg extensor muscles during jumping exercises. AB - The influence of prestretch amplitude on the mechanical efficiency was examined with 5 subjects, who performed 5 different series of vertical jumps, each of which differed with respect to the mechanics of the knee joint action during the prestretch (eccentric) phase of the contact on the floor. Electromyographic activity was recorded from the major extensor muscles during the entire work period of 1 min per series. In addition, expired air was collected during the test and recovery for determination of energy expenditure. Mechanical work was calculated from the vertical displacement of the body during the jumps. The results indicated that high net efficiency of 38.7% was observed in condition where amplitude of knee bending in eccentric phase was small. In large range motion the corresponding net efficiency was 30.1%. In jumps where no prestretching of extensor muscles occurred the net efficiency was 19.7%. The high efficiency of small amplitude jumps was characterized by low myoelectrical activity of the leg extensor muscles during the positive (concentric) work phase. In addition, the small amplitude jumps had shorter transition time in the stretch shortening cycle, high average eccentric force and high stretching speed. Therefore the results suggest that the restitution of elastic energy, which was also related to the length change and stiffness of the muscles during stretch, plays an important role in regulating the mechanical efficiency of work. PMID- 7136784 TI - Combined effect of elastic energy and myoelectrical potentiation during stretch shortening cycle exercise. PMID- 7136785 TI - On periodic sweating from the human skin during rest and exercise. AB - The rhythmic variations in the water evaporation rate (gm-2h-1,) from the dorsal side of the forearm have been studied. The evaporation rate is estimated by calculating the difference between the vapour pressures at two distinct points on a line perpendicular to the evaporative surface. Using autocorrelation technique it is found that the evaporation rate is periodic with a period of around 0.7 s. This value is consistent, at rest as well as prior to profuse sweating in exercise, for all the subjects included in the investigation. During profuse sweating the period becomes slightly longer. It is suggested that the variations in the evaporation rate reflect the periodic activity in the sudomotor nerves. PMID- 7136787 TI - Commentary on the reduced urinary noradrenaline excretion following cold stress and exercise in physically trained rats. AB - Urinary catecholamine excretions of rats trained by swimming or running were compared with those of cold-acclimated rats and controls i.e. sedentary warm acclimated rats. During cold stress the trained rats excreted less noradrenaline (NA) than did controls. In fact rats trained by swimming excreted less NA than did cold-acclimated rats, while rats trained by running excreted about the same amount as did cold-acclimated rats. 2 h of swimming increased the urinary catecholamine (CA) excretion of all groups but trained rats excreted less NA than did controls and cold-acclimated rats, which had excretions of similar magnitude. The NA excretions of the two trained groups never deviated statistically from each other. It is concluded that concerning NA requirement in order to maintain homeostasis, training produces "cross tolerance" to cold stress but cold acclimation does not produce "cross tolerance" to acute exercise. Furthermore the positive effect of training on NA excretion during the stress of cold or that of acute exercise seems essentially to be an effect of increased locomotor activity as such regardless of the type of training. It is also suggested that increased levels of locomotor activity of the rat may be of importance for seasonal acclimation of the species by increasing its tolerance to cold. PMID- 7136786 TI - The effect of nicotinic and muscarinic receptor blockade on cholera toxin induced intestinal secretion in rats and cats. AB - The effects of hexamethonium (cholinergic nicotinic receptor antagonist) and atropine (cholinergic muscarinic receptor antagonist) on cholera toxin induced secretion were investigated in denervated segments of the small intestine of rats and cats. While there was no effect of atropine, hexamethonium markedly inhibited choleraic secretion and turned it into a net fluid absorption in many animals. This observation further strengthens our hypothesis that the enteric nervous system is involved in cholera secretion. PMID- 7136788 TI - Inactivation of the potassium transport system of myelinated nerve in the presence of a cyclic ionophore. AB - A potassium carrying ionophore dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 was found to affect the specific ionic currents in the node of Ranvier. Its presence caused an inactivation of the potassium permeability mechanism and a decrease of the sodium permeability. The rate of inactivation of the potassium permeability depended on crown ether concentration, on membrane potential and on temperature. At large concentrations, the rate of inactivation was of the same order of size as the normal rate of activation. The recovery from the inactivated state was slow, it took a few seconds, and recovery time depended on holding potential. The inactivation was caused by potential steps in positive direction. The uncomplexed crown ether is uncharged and does not move due to a potential gradient. The mechanism by which the crown ether makes the inactivation potential dependent remains obscure. A few other ionophores were tested but they did not affect the membrane currents. PMID- 7136789 TI - Increased concentration of neurotensin-like immunoreactivity (NTLI) in rat plasma after administration of bombesin and bombesin-related peptides (porcine and chicken gastrin-releasing peptides). PMID- 7136790 TI - Countercurrent exchange of progesterone and antipyrine between human utero ovarian vessels, and of antipyrine between the femoral vessels in the cat. AB - The utero-ovarian vein and ovarian artery in surgical specimens were cannulated and perfused in a countercurrent manner with isotonic, buffered solutions, fortified on the venous side with progesterone or radiolabelled methylantipyrine. Both substances were gradually transferred from the vein into the artery in the majority of the experiments while albumin was not exchanged. The results point to the existence of a countercurrent exchange mechanism in the human ovarian pedicle. Hardly detectable amounts of methylantipyrine were transferred from femoral vein to artery in the cat. PMID- 7136792 TI - Myoglobin in the quadriceps femoris muscle of competitive cyclists and untrained men. PMID- 7136791 TI - Atropine-sensitive gastric excitation by stimulation of thoracic dorsal roots- antidromic activation of afferents? AB - In chloralosed cats, usually with ligated adrenals and paralysed with gallamine, the thoracic dorsal roots were electrically stimulated and gastric motor responses were recorded. Thoracic dorsal root stimulation regularly elicited gastric contractions after pretreatment with guanethidine and/or hexamethonium which were readily blocked by atropine. It was established that these gastric motor responses were due to peripheral stimulation of the dorsal root and not to spread to the ventral roots. Together with other results (Delbro & Lisander 1980) the findings suggest an antidromic activation of thin afferent fibres with excitatory collaterals to intramural cholinergic neurons which convey the gastric contractions. PMID- 7136793 TI - Capillary supply in hypertrophied human skeletal muscle. PMID- 7136794 TI - Postischemic renal failure. Intrarenal blood flow and functional characteristics in the recovery phase. AB - Intrarenal blood flow, nephron function and whole kidney function were studied in the recovery phase of acute failure induced by 45 min of warm ischemia. Analyses were made 24 h, 7 days and 28 days after the ischemic insult. At 24 h the total renal blood flow was 4.0 ml . min-1 . g-1, decreasing to 1.2 within one week. After four weeks it was normalized to 3.4 ml . min-1 . g-1. The intrarenal blood flow distribution, studied with the 86-Rb extraction method, showed the same pattern of response, with no signs of a persistent heavy reduction in the deeper parts, as was found 10 min after recirculation (Karlberg et al. 1982 a). The contralateral, nonischemic kidney responded with hyperemia in all areas 24 h after the trauma, but after 7 days the values were normal. The function of the superficial nephrons was studied with the micropuncture technique. In the initial phase mainly obstructed nephrons were found, but after four weeks the nephrons were essentially normal. After 24 h the postischemic kidneys were anuric but at 7 days urine production had started and the GFR was 0.1 ml . min-1; this improved to 0.55 ml . min-1 after 4 weeks. PMID- 7136795 TI - Spinal evoked potentials evaluated with two relevant electrode types. AB - The spinal evoked potentials (SEPs) were recorded at the level of the 7th lumbar segment in five cats by stimulating the popliteal nerve separately on both sides. The recordings were performed both with silver-silver chloride cup electrodes and stainless steel needle electrodes. The shapes and latencies of the responses were highly similar, when comparing the responses recorded with the two electrode types as shown by means of transfer function: attenuation and phase curves for both electrode types are highly similar in the bandpass used in the present study. It is concluded that the properties of stainless steel needle electrodes are highly correspondent with the conventional silver-silver chloride electrodes when somatosensory evoked responses are recorded. PMID- 7136796 TI - Renal medullary blood flow studied with the 86-Rb extraction method. Methodological considerations. AB - The 86-Rb extraction method was applied for a study of regional renal blood flow. In the cortex, a sampling time of 30 s led to an underestimation by about 15% as compared with the microsphere method. This was due to incomplete cortical cellular extraction of rubidium with subsequent rapid wash-out the tracer. In the renal medulla, a sampling of 30-60 s gave valid data with almost complete extraction. A sampling time of only 10 s, i.e. a time similar to the intravascular transit time, gave rise to a 50% underestimation of the inner medullary blood flow. Errors due to transport of rubidium by the tubular fluid were investigated in detail. A theoretical analysis based on equilibrium data revealed a maximal error of about 5%. Studies with micropuncture of distal tubules and studies of the urinary transport showed no or negligible contamination from tubular urine. Under control antidiuretic conditions the blood flow in the cortex was 5.2 +/- 0.2 ml . min-1 . g-1 (mean +/- SE, n = 16), in the outer stripe of the outer zone 2.2 +/- 0.1, in the inner stripe 1.5 +/- 0.1 and in the inner zone 0.69 +/- 0.06. PMID- 7136797 TI - Morphology and enzymatic capacity in arm and leg muscles in 78-81 year old men and women. AB - Twelve men and twelve women 78-81 years of age were studied with muscle biopsies from the right vastus lateralis and biceps brachii and with measurements of isometric and isokinetic strength for knee-extention and isometric strength for elbow-flexion. Bicycle ergometry with determination of heart rate and oxygen uptake at submaximal (50 W) and "maximal" work loads was also performed. Body cell mass was estimated from measurements of total body potassium. Muscle fibre composition with respect to slow twitch (ST = type I) and fast twitch (FT = type II) fibres did not differ between the sexes and the younger subjects drawn from population studies. The mean fibre areas averaged in vastus lateralis 4.7 and 3.3 micrometers 2 X 10(3) in men and women, respectively. This is less than 10 up to 30% of values found in sedentary younger subjects. The decline dominated in FT fibres, especially FTb fibres. In contrast biceps brachii did not show any matched fibre size reduction. The number of atrophic fibres was high and so was the frequency of "enclosed" fibres and areas with type grouping (ST fibres), indicating denervation--reinnervation. Such abnormalities are rarely seen in younger ages. Correlation analysis showed that only a minor part of the reduction in body cell mass with age could be explained by a reduction in fibre areas and that a reduction with age of the number of muscle fibres of both fibre types must be assumed. Positive correlations were observed between muscle strength and mean fibre and FT fibre areas. Comparing the present findings of skeletal muscle morphology to those in younger age groups, it is apparent that during the 8th decade of life major changes do occur. The measurements of aerobic and anaerobic enzymatic activities and of muscle capillary supply showed that levels comparable to those of younger age groups are maintained. Thus, quantitative rather than qualitative changes may explain the reduction in work performance with age. PMID- 7136798 TI - Effect of vagotomy on gastric acid secretion in the rat. AB - The effects of pentagastrin, histamine or feeding on gastric acid secretion were studied in conscious rats with total gastric by-pass, achieved by transection of the cardia and pylorus, followed by an oesophago-duodenostomy. After closure of the cardia, the by-passed stomach was connected to the small intestine through a Roux-en-Y loop. A chronic gastric fistula was fitted into the rumen. Basal acid output was low in chronically vagotomized rats, being 6% of that in the innervated animals. A clear-cut stimulation was observed after both pentagastrin and histamine in innervated as well as denervated rats, although the maximal acid output in the denervated group was less than 10% of that in the innervated group. In previous studies on acid secretion in vagotomized rats with chronic gastric fistulas, neither basal nor stimulated acid secretion could be detected. Apparently, by-passing the stomach eliminates sources of error associated with the conventional gastric fistula technique (for instance, neutralization of acid gastric juice by swallowed saliva or regurgitated duodenal juice). Nonetheless, the greatly reduced acid output following vagotomy indicates that normal basal as well as normal stimulated acid secretion is dependent upon an intact vagus. Pentagastrin- and histamine-stimulated acid secretion was blocked by atropine and cimetidine in both the innervated and denervated rats. Feeding caused a significant inhibition of acid secretion in the by-passed, innervated stomach. In the denervated stomach feeding was without effect. The mechanism behind the postprandial inhibition of acid secretion in the innervated stomach is obscure. Direct vagal inhibition as well as humoral substances, liberated by vagal stimulation or by the presence of food in the intestine, may be responsible. PMID- 7136800 TI - Neonatal beta-endorphin and sexual behavior. PMID- 7136799 TI - The adrenergic influence on intestinal secretion in cholera. PMID- 7136801 TI - Effect of diet on the utilization of blood-borne and intramuscular substrates during exercise in man. AB - 20 subjects were studied at rest and during a 25 min submaximal exercise (65% of VO2 max) on two occasions, the first preceded by a fat rich diet and the second by a carbohydrate rich diet. Oxygen uptake, respiratory exchange ratio (R) and arterial-femoral venous differences for glucose, lactate, beta-hydroxybutyrate and FFA (based on the fractional extraction of 3H-palmitate) were measured at rest and during exercise. Changes in intramuscular glycogen, triglyceride and lactate concentrations were determined in muscle biopsies taken before and immediately after exercise form m. quadriceps femoris. R was lower after the fat than after the carbohydrate diet and simultaneously the FFA extraction by the exercising leg was higher. The muscle triglycerides did not changes significantly during exercise after either diet. The glucose extraction was insignificantly greater after the fat diet. The glycogen reduction was numerically smaller after the fat diet, but the difference was uncertain and difficult to evaluate due to a large variation after the carbohydrate diet. However, muscle lactate accumulation and release by the exercising leg was smaller after the fat diet, indicating a slower rate of muscle glycogenolysis. It is concluded that a fat rich diet increases the relative contribution of fat to the oxidative metabolism, that this increase, to a great extent, is covered by plasma FFA and that the concomitant decrease in carbohydrate utilization concerns muscle glycogen rather than blood glucose. PMID- 7136802 TI - Myotonia in the rat diaphragm preparation caused by the sulfhydryl inhibiting para-substituted mercuribenzoates. AB - The sulfhydryl (SH) inhibiting para-substituted mercuribenzoates like pOHMB caused a myotonia which appeared as a smooth myotonic profile during recording of the response to twitch stimulation (0.1/s) of isolated rat diaphragm preparations. The maximum myotonic tension varied from about 10% to 200% of the twitch tension at pOHMB addition, and the myotonic repetitive action potential activity varied from a few to more than one hundred action potentials in different cells of the same preparation. The myotonia did not appear after pretreatment with the SH-reducing agent dithiothreitol, and both dithiothreitol and N-ethyl-maleimide inhibited the motonia. The myotonia increased with temperature, appearing at about 32 degrees C. Increased twitch frequency and tetanic stimulation decreased the myotonia. No change of threshold was observed in myotonic preparations. The myotonia was depressed in K+-free solution, and it was blocked by K+ concentrations exceeding 1.5 X normal. The myotonia was reduced when the NaCl was replaced by sucrose or choline chloride. In Ca2+-free solution the time to maximal myotonic tension and the variability of the maximal myotonia were reduced. CA2+ concentrations above normal inhibited the myotonia. No myotonia was observed in the slow twitch soleus muscle. pOHMB also caused a twitch depression during indirect and direct stimulation. The depression was observed in soleus muscle and in the diaphragm below 30 degrees C. The depression was thus independent of the myotonia. PMID- 7136803 TI - A serial study of fluid balance during pregnancy, lactation and anestrus in goats. AB - Water and salt balance was studied in the same goats during pregnancy, lactation and anestrus. All goats increased their water intake during the course of pregnancy, but individual differences were large. In general, twin pregnant (TP) goats drank more water than single pregnant (SP) animals (3.4 +/- 0.4; N = 11 as compared to 2.5 +/- 0.3 litres/day; N = 5) during the last weeks of pregnancy. During lactation the high water intake TP goats persisted and the SP animals increased their intake to the same level as the TP goats. The water intake was reduced to about 2 1/day in both categories of animals during anestrus. Urine volume largely followed the changes in water intake in the individual animal. A continuous decrease in urine osmolality during the course of pregnancy occurred, but during lactation urine osmolality increased towards anestrus levels. TP goats generally retained more sodium than SP animals during pregnancy and during anestrus, whereas the figures were similar during lactation. Plasma Na, K and osmolality remained unchanged during pregnancy, lactation and anestrus, but a large fall in total plasma proteins and a moderate fall in hematocrit were observed during the course of pregnancy. Glomerular filtration rate of TP goats was elevated by about 35% during the 4th month of pregnancy, but did not differ from anestrus levels during the 3rd and 5th month or during lactation. Effective renal plasma flow was highest during the 3rd pregnancy month and then fell to reach lactation and anestrus levels during the 4th month of pregnancy. A few hours before parturition the animals became markedly dehydrated as shown by sudden increases in plasma Na, K, osmolality, total proteins and hematocrit. This water deficit was replenished within 26 h post-partum. PMID- 7136804 TI - Specificity and distribution of receptor cells in the olfactory mucosa of char (Salmo alpinus L.). AB - Olfactory receptor activity was studied in the char by two methods: (a) recording of the electro-olfactogram (EOG) with two electrodes simultaneously in the olfactory pit and (b) recordings from the olfactory bulb during olfactory stimulation and progressive removal of lamellae in the olfactory rosette. As stimuli were used methionine representing the amino acids and dilute char bile representing the bile salts. By cross-adaptation studies it was demonstrated that receptors sensitive to each of these two stimuli re functionally independent. The results show further that both types of receptors may be found on all lamellae, but differentially distributed within each lamella. Receptors sensitive to methionine are located closer to the raphe than receptors sensitive to bile. The spatial differentiation persists regardless of stimulus concentration. The results are discussed in relation to the projection and growth of primary nerve fibres into the olfactory bulb, and the existence of receptor cells with microvilli and with cilia. PMID- 7136805 TI - Temperature responses of rats to treadmill exercise, and the effect of thermoregulatory capacity. AB - The relationship between work intensity and body temperature was investigated in the rat in an attempt to clarify whether alterations in thermoregulatory capacity can modify the rte and extent of body warming during exercise. Repeated noradrenaline injections led to increased hyperthermic response to that amine. However, during exercise these animals did not attain higher colonic temperatures as did the animals avoiding noradrenaline treatment. If noradrenaline was injected 60 min prior to test-exercise the body temperature of the rats rose to a higher level without the drug. The extent of this rise was, however, independent of the previous noradrenaline-treatment history. Beta blockade abolished the noradrenaline-induced hyperthermia but not the exercise-induced hyperthermia. Despite increased capacity for heat production, cold-acclimated rats did not attain higher colonic temperatures during exercise than did the running-trained, cold-stressed or sedentary control rats. However, the higher tail skin temperature of the cold-acclimated rats indicate that their heat production was enhanced but they maintained lower colonic temperature by dissipating the excess heat through the elevated blood flow to the tail and probably to other extremities. These results indicate that the rise in deep body temperature of the rats during work is proportional to work intensity and that the enhanced heat production capacity can be compensated for by increasing the heat loss activities. PMID- 7136806 TI - Dietary effects on glycogen and lipoprotein lipase activity in skeletal muscle in man. AB - The influence of short-term adaptation to a fat and protein enriched diet (F + P) and a carbohydrate enriched diet (CHO) on skeletal muscle lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and muscle glycogen levels was evaluated in 7 males. Muscle biopsies were taken from the m. vastus lateralis after an uncontrolled, mixed diet (M), after a 3 day F + P) diet preceded by intense exercise, and after a 3 day CHO diet. After the F + P diet glycogen concentration was 55% that of the M diet while LPL activity increased by 21% (n.s.). After the CHO diet glycogen levels increased by 82% and LPL activity decreased by 55% compared to the M diet (p less than 0.01). The changes in LPL after the CHO diet were related to the changes in glycogen concentration (r = 0.98, p less than 0.01). LPL activity in the control situation was directly related to percent slow twitch (ST) muscle fibre type (r = 0.95, p less than 0.01). The results suggest that the uptake of fat from the circulation may be actively regulated by the muscle as a function of intramuscular substrate availability and that this regulation may be related to muscle fibre type composition. PMID- 7136807 TI - Blood flow and secretion in the submaxillary gland of the rabbit during stimulation of the autonomic nerves. AB - The excitation of the chorda-tympani nerve caused a marked increase in the blood flow through the gland and in secretion of saliva; both phenomena had a threshold frequency of around 0.3 Hz and reached a maximum at around 20 Hz, where a 6-fold increase in the blood flow and a salivary secretion of at the most 300 microliters/min were seen. Sympathetic excitation severely retarded the blood flow, which almost ceased at frequencies as low as 3-5 Hz; mostly single shocks of sympathetic stimulation reduced the blood flow through the gland. An on-going parasympathetic activation did not alter the effects of sympathetic stimulation on the blood flow and the parasympathetically produced salivary secretion almost stopped. The experiments support previous results, which have suggested electrical excitation of the sympathetic trunk at or above 2 Hz to cause a vasoconstriction which adversely affects the fluid secretion in the rabbit salivary glands. PMID- 7136808 TI - Plasma and red cell volumes of microwave irradiated mice tissues. AB - A double isotope technique was applied to the microwave irradiation of mice for reliable measurement of the distribution of red cells and plasma. Microwaves provide a means for rapid cessation of circulation. Hematocrit values of blood in minute tissue samples can be estimated. The red cell and plasma volumes as well as the hematocrit values of the liver, kidney, spleen, intestine, lung and brain tissues of mice are presented. A biological filtration of technetium labelled red cells is necessary for their physiological distribution in circulation. PMID- 7136810 TI - On the extensive contact between veins and arteries in the human ovarian pedicle. AB - The human ovarian arteries and their anatomical relation to the utero-ovarian venous plexus were studied in surgical specimens using roentgen angiography and corrosion casts. The arteries were in close contact with the veins, had a tortuous shape and sometimes a helical folding of inner layers of the wall. The results obtained are similar to the findings in a number of animal species and may represent the morphological basis for a counter-current exchange mechanism. PMID- 7136809 TI - Responses of intradental nerve fibres to stimulation of dentine and pulp. AB - In the present work responses of intradental nerve fibres to stimuli that induce fluid flow in dentinal tubules as well as to direct mechanical irritation of the exposed pulp were studied on 9 young adult beagle dogs. Under pentobarbitone anesthesia 31 single functional intradental fibre units were dissected from the mandibular nerve. Stimuli were applied to the lower left canine tooth. Exposed dentine surface was irritated by scraping, air blasts and dry absorbent paper and the pulp mechanically with a von Frey hair. Ten fibre units responded to stimulation of dentine. Six of them were also tested with mechanical irritation of the pulp and were all responsive. Fifteen of twenty fibres responded to mechanical stimulation of the pulp. The mechanosensitive nerve fibres were all A type according to conduction velocities (mean 25.6 +/- 8.1 (SD) m/s). It is concluded that there exist mechanosensitive intradental A-nerve fibres in the dog which are activated by stimuli that induce fluid flow in dentinal tubules. Nerve fibres of this type could be responsible for dentine sensitivity in man. Consequently, the present study gives support to the hydrodynamic hypothesis of dentine sensitivity. Moreover, mechanosensitive nerve fibres could also be responsible for the pain symptoms of pulpal inflammation, because pulpitis may also create suitable circumstances for their activation. PMID- 7136811 TI - Mechanical restitution of the rat papillary muscle. AB - The experiments were performed on isometrically contracting rat papillary muscles paced at 1.0 Hz and at a temperature of 37 degrees C. The contractile response of a test contraction continuously rose when the duration of the preceding stimulus interval was gradually increased from 0.2 s. A maximum value was seen at intervals of 60--120 s. This phenomenon was called mechanical restitution of the papillary muscle. The insertion of a priming beat before the test contraction in order to increase the amount of contractile calcium elevated the mechanical restitution curve but it did not change the maximum contractile force seen after 60--120 s intervals. Lowering the extracellular calcium concentration from 2.0 mM to 1.0 mM, however, depressed this maximum contractile force to about 50%. The mechanical restitution is thought to reflect inflow of activator calcium to a cellular store, from which it is later released in response to the action potential. By using two test contractions a simple method is described to estimate the recirculating fraction of activator calcium between beats in this preparation. In 11 preparations the recirculating fraction of activator calcium was 0.72 +/- 0.03 (mean +/- SE). The results are consistent with the view that the same model of metabolism of activator calcium as previously proposed for rabbit papillary muscles is also applicable to the rat heart. PMID- 7136812 TI - Output of skeletal muscle contractions. a study of isokinetic plantar flexion in athletes. AB - Maximum torques, total work and mean power of isokinetic plantar flexions were measured with simultaneous registrations. The integrated electromyograms (iEMG) were obtained by surface electrodes from all three heads of the m. triceps surae. The method applied offers possibilities for adequate description of dynamic muscular work which in the case of plantar flexion in trained man declines as a negative exponential function of angular motion velocity. The decline is parallel to that of maximum torques. The summed triceps surae iEMG was inversely proportional to the velocity and direct proportional to time suggesting that structural rather than neural factors determine the relationships between velocity of angular motion and maximum torque/total work of single Mmaneuvers. Moreover, the fact that maximum mean power as well as maximum electrical efficiency were reached at the functional velocity of toe-off during gait suggests an influence of pragmatic demands on plantar flexion mechanical output. PMID- 7136813 TI - Giant miniature endplate potentials induced by 4-aminoquinoline. AB - In experiments on the isolated extensor digitorum longus muscle of the rat it was shown that 4-aminoquinoline (125-250 micro M) altered the amplitude distribution of spontaneous miniature endplate potentials to include a large portion of giant miniature endplate potentials with slow rise and decay times. Similar, slow rising giant miniature endplate potentials were induced by the drug at neuromuscular junctions with regenerating nerve terminals, i.e. in a condition where spontaneous as well as evoked transmitter release is depressed. The appearance of giant miniature endplate potentials was not correlated with inhibition of cholinesterase since neostigmine (3 micro M) failed to induce such potentials. Nerve impulse evoked endplate potentials of amplitudes similar to the spontaneous giant miniature endplate potentials had a faster and more uniform rise time. The results suggest that 4-amino-quinoline, by a direct action on the nerve terminal, causes the release of larger than normal quanta of acetylcholine. Quantitative assays of acetylcholine released before and in the presence of 4 aminoquinoline gave similar values showing that the amounts of acetylcholine which give rise to the giant miniature potentials contribute little to the total amount of acetylcholine liberated. PMID- 7136814 TI - Zinc and zinc ligands in human seminal plasma. II. Contribution by ligands of different origin to the zinc binding properties of human seminal plasma. AB - The zinc binding properties of whole human seminal plasma and various fractions of split ejaculates were analysed with gel chromatographic and dialysis methods. The proportion of dialyzable zinc was strongly correlated to the zinc/fructose ratio in the seminal plasma, i.e. correlated to the relative contributions by the prostate and seminal vesicles, respectively. Zinc originates, however, almost entirely from the prostate gland. The non-diffusible zinc ligands thus seemed to originate from the seminal vesicles. This could also be confirmed in experiments with split ejaculates. The high molecular weight (HMW) zinc ligands from the seminal vesicles have also a higher affinity for zinc than the low molecular weight (LMW) ligands from the prostate. A redistribution of zinc therefore takes place after ejaculation. The HMW zinc ligands from the seminal vesicles were found to have an isoelectric point at 6.1-6.7, to be glucoproteins, and to have an apparent molecular weight of 250,000. The possible physiological implications of a redistribution of zinc after the ejaculation is discussed in view of the fact that zinc is of importance for many functional properties of the human spermatozoa. PMID- 7136815 TI - Evidence for a non-classical splanchnic neural control of the feline pylorus. AB - Electrical stimulation of the divided splanchnic nerves proximal to the celiac ganglion in chloralosed cats induced a dilation of the pylorus in the majority of animals. However, in some cats a pure contractile motor response or a biphasic motor response (contraction followed by dilation) was elicited suggesting that the splanchnic nerves convey excitatory fibres to the pylorus as well. The pyloric and gastric contraction at such stimulation was sensitive to atropine, while the pyloric dilation was not sensitive to cholinergic, adrenergic or ganglionic blocking agents in contrast to the adrenergic gastric dilation. Since the splanchnic nerve and the pyloric wall contain numerous neuropeptides, these substances might be involved in a nonclassical neurotransmission of the splanchnic motor responses of the pylorus. PMID- 7136817 TI - Effects of neurotensin on the transit of gastrointestinal contents in the rat. AB - In this study the influence of neurotensin on gastric emptying, transit of gastrointestinal contents and ileo-cecal emptying was studied in the conscious rat. A bolus of radioactive marker was deposited in the gastrointestinal lumen and was monitored at different time intervals during its passage along the bowel. Gastric emptying was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by i.v. infusion of 6 and 12 (p less than 0.01) pmol x kg-1 x min-1 of neurotensin. The transit of the gastrointestinal contents was retarded by 3 (p less than 0.001) and 6 (p less than 0.001) pmol x kg-1 x min-1. In addition, at 12 pmol x kg-1 x min-1 the distribution of the radioactivity was spread out and the radioactive front migrated farther. Infusion of 6 pmol x kg-1 x min-1 of neurotensin also produced spreading of the radioactivity in the intestine with proximal pooling and rapid migration of the front of the radioactive bolus (p less than 0.001). Ileo-cecal emptying was inhibited by neurotensin at 6 pmol x kg-1 x min-1, with pooling of the radioactivity proximal to the ileo-cecal valve (p less than 0.001). These data indicate that neurotensin prolongs the transit time of the chyme in the stomach and small intestine. Thus, neurotensin may facilitate thorough digestion of the chyme in the small intestine and enhance the absorption of nutrients. PMID- 7136816 TI - Transport of glucose across the blood-brain barrier: reevaluation of the accelerative exchange diffusion. AB - In an earlier study of glucose transport across the blood-brain barrier it was concluded that the kinetic transport constants increase as the brain glucose concentration increases, a finding that was attributed to accelerative exchange diffusion (Betz et al. 1975). The conclusion, however, relied upon application of a commonly used simplified treatment of tracer extraction data. In this study it is demonstrated that the simplified treatment is applicable only in the case of zero brain glucose concentration, and a more general model for determination of the kinetic constants is developed. Re-analysis by this model of the data of Betz et al. (1975)--comprising a range of brain glucose concentrations--gave kinetic constants which did not vary significantly over a wide range of brain glucose concentrations. For brain glucose concentrations up to about 12 mmol 1(-1), the kinetic constants obtained for glucose transport across the blood-brain barrier are Km = 6.18 +/- 0.38 mmol 1(-1) Vmax = 1.65 +/- 0.06 mu mol g -1 min -1. PMID- 7136818 TI - Reflex control of cat extrinsic and intrinsic tongue muscles exerted by intraoral receptors. AB - The effects of mechanical and noxious stimulation of the palatal and lingual surfaces on the activity of the extrinsic and intrinsic tongue muscles have been studied in cats. Stimulation of the hard palate produced mainly activation of extrinsic tongue muscles while inhibition was elicited by stimulating the soft palate. Longlasting pressure on the hard palate caused rhythmic tongue flapping by intermittent genioglossal activity. The intrinsic tongue muscles, m. transversus and m. verticalis, were activated by noxious stimuli applied to the hard palate, the effects apparently being mediated by high-threshold afferents. Mechanical and noxious stimulation applied to the dorsal and ventral lingual surfaces of the tongue either activated or inhibited the extrinsic tongue muscles depending on the reflex area stimulated. The intrinsic tongue muscles were activated by noxious stimuli applied to the tongue surfaces. The anastomoses running between the hypoglossal and lingual nerves were found to mediate mainly nociceptive afferent impulses traveling from the hypoglossal to the lingual nerve. The intrinsic muscles were found to be controlled by anastomosal nociceptive afferents. PMID- 7136819 TI - Distribution of some non-physiological amino acids (AIB, DAB, MeAIB) in mice. AB - The distribution of labelled 2-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB), 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) and 2-(methylamino)-isobutyric acid (MeAIB) was studied by whole body autoradiography in mice. All the amino acids were rapidly cleared from the blood and were taken up in most of the organs in the body. The results suggest the presence of operating transport systems for these amino acids into the majority of different cell types in mice. In the central nervous system, small amounts could be registered and in the pancreas there was a marked difference between DAB, which was not taken up, and the other two amino acids which were heavily accumulated. In an early embryo only MeAIB was observed in a high concentration. PMID- 7136820 TI - Oro-gastro-intestinal inhibition of hypernatremia-induced drinking in the goat. AB - Reduction of drinking by slow (5 ml/min) administration for 20 min of nearly body warm (35 degrees C) and cold (15 degrees C) water into the mouth, the abomasum, or the duodenal bulb was studied in goats made thirsty by the simultaneous i.v. infusion of hypertonic (2 M) NaCl at 2 ml/min. During the control experiments the drinking response to corresponding infusion of 1.7 M NaCl was recorded. This in order to eliminate the possible influence on the results of a postabsorptive thirst inhibition which would occur if the administered water was completely absorbed already during the saline infusion. The entrance of warm water into the mouth or into the abomasum caused about 20%, and into the duodenal bulb about 30% reduction of drinking during the infusion of hypertonic NaCl. The corresponding reduction for cold water was when introduced into the mouth and duodenal bulb about 50% and into the abomasum about 60%. Cold water also considerably delayed the onset of drinking. The inhibition obtained during cold water administration was partially compensated for by increased post-infusional drinking. As regards the sensory input underlying preabsorptive inhibition of thirst, it is concluded that (regardless of distension, swallowing, and other mechanical factors) the entrance of pure water into various parts of the alimentary tract contributes to reduce the thirst drive. In addition, stimulation of oral, gastric, and duodenal cold receptors obviously diminish the urge to drink considerably. PMID- 7136821 TI - Protective value of sympathectomy of the ear in noise. AB - Noise-induced hearing loss was assessed in unilaterally sympathectomized rats exposed one month to 100 dB Leq(lin) noise. The systolic blood pressure of these animals was in the range of 110-140 mmHg. Auditory sensitivity was determined electrophysiologically by brainstem response audiometry to 1/3-octave filtered clicks. The results showed that the loss of sensitivity was about 10 dB smaller (p less than 0.01) on the sympathectomized side. This observation may partially explain the individual differences in susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss and point towards protective measures and therapeutic possibilities through manipulation of sympathetic activity in the inner ear. PMID- 7136822 TI - Peripheral nerve function in acute and chronic uremia in rats. PMID- 7136823 TI - [Internal migration and mental disorders: new evidence for an old hypothesis]. AB - The relationships between migration and mental illness have been perhaps the most important research topic of Social Psychiatry. Studies on this issue conducted in Latin America have in general reached the conclusion that migration, and the experience of modernization related to it, is a major risk factor of emotional disturbance. This hypothesis was tested with data from a survey based on a representative sample of 1549 adults living in a low-income neighborhood in Bahia, Brazil. The survey employed the QMPA, a 43-item symptom scale which was developed and tested especially for studies in that sociocultural setting; it showed high sensitivity (.93) and specificity (.72) and adequate overall misclassification rate (.12). Seven trained interviewers applied a family questionnaire (20 items on demographic and socioeconomic information) and the QMPA to all the families (493) in the sample. Multiple classification analysis and covariance analysis were used to control for the effect of potential confounding factors. Crude analyses showed a statistically significant association between migration status and poor mental health. However, taking into account the combined effect of age, marital status and education as confounders resulted in non-significant levels for the association under study. Sex and economic position, despite being themselves related to emotional disturbances, did not appear as confounders or interaction terms in these analyses. The results on rural-urban origin did not provide any evidence in support to the modernization hypothesis. PMID- 7136824 TI - [Theory of Argentine cultural "isoidia"]. AB - For the epidemiological study of mental pathology in the Argentine Republic the country has been systematically divided into 25 Cultural Areas, to which it is necessary to add the "megalopolis" of Buenos Aires City and conurbation. Each one of these Cultural Areas is analysed according to the anthropological method, which enables us to comprise an innumerable series of epidemiological variants. We investigate, for example, in every one of them the situation of the mentally sick within the community and the cultural attitude of the latter towards mental illness. For statistical purposes of Psychiatrical Epidemiology an experimental study of the prevalence of this type of disease is carried out in each of the above mentioned areas. As a complement to this investigation an analysis of the Institutional Prevalence of Mental Pathology has been performed, i.e., of the patients attended at the State Establishments, be they national, provincial or municipal. PMID- 7136825 TI - [Drug addiction and freedom]. AB - The author, in a historical and philosophical approach, analyses the concept of freedom as opposed to slavery. He also refers to the legal and social restrictions and studies the determinism and free will as the causes of human behaviour. Quoting Spinoza, the author states that man accepts the idea of freedom because he realizes the "how" of his options but ignores "why". Without the hypothesis of causality and determinism, there seems to have no science. Without freedom, there seems to be no anthropos man (Jimeno Valdez). The principles of anticausality, of nonreproducibility and of differentiation characterize the human freedom, but are contrary to the way science works. According to the social and political point of view, it was established that the State has the right to oblige and to violently limit freedom. Practically speaking, though, the State is violent just for being the State; the dominant groups are the government because they are and they have been violent. There is a need to limit and to discipline this right of the State of being violent within the dilemma of safety and freedom. By working, the slave avoided the whip. And by doing this, he encouraged the behaviour of the one who whipped him. The non aversive attitudes limit the freedom in the modern world more and more for they also enchain our will, a rebellion becoming impossible. One is not granted the freedom; it shall be conquered and kept. Freedom, either as a concept or a phenomenon, is always relative. The concept of toxicomania or pharmacodependance is analysed according to the same perspective. The conclusion is that this is always more a problem of the society than of the individual, and this is how it has to be understood and treated. The present world is described as a millenial human culture specifically characterized by eight groups of phenomena: 1. Transport increased human mobility, reduced the relative dimensions of the earth, mixed peoples, compared cultures and created opportunities for conflicts; 2. The means of communication spread information surpassing their own capacity of being formed, they becoming traumatic; 3. The natural energies and electronic computing disturbed the work and comsumption market, man becoming insecure and disposable; 4. The industrial development produced a mass-culture and old time establishment became unreliable; 5. The demographic boom altered the age groups ratio which now presents an excess of children and grandparents with a relative lack of parents; 6. The diffusion of knowledge on human nature; 7. The religions emerged again, even the most primitive, persuading youngsters and governments; 8. The law, institutions and governments did not keep up with the rhythm of the changings and progress. The result was a generalized dissatisfaction. PMID- 7136826 TI - [Defusion]. PMID- 7136827 TI - [Family ideology]. AB - This paper treats the definition of the concept of family ideology linking it to that of social ideology. In both cases the ideology is seen as patterns of messages that obey certain semantic rules. Within the family context, it is considered that the conditions of production of the ideology are, concerning the profound structures, the unconscious oedipus conflict and kindred system that determines the family organization. Concerning the surface structures, the myths and beliefs that appear in each group as an answer to the need of accounting for the conflicts inherent to the family structure. The family ideology guides the subjects to places predetermined by the oedipus conflicts, "semanticizes" the conflicts and tends to dissimulate the conditions of production through the illusion that the subject is the producer. To analyze the family ideology, the following items must be taken into account: 1) Which are the semantic lines that are privileged in the couple and parent-children relationships. 2) The relations between the semantic lines established by the articulation rules prescribed by the cultural system. 3) The elementary forms of the ideological universe (the "actantial" model applied to family relationships). These three aspects articulate between themselves through transformation rules. PMID- 7136828 TI - [To encounter oneself, to encounter each other]. AB - The purpose of this article is to elucidate the concept of encounter within the realm of psycotherapy, either individual or group, with its inter and intrapersonal connotations. Its importance is emphasized and means for its achievement are suggested. A double course is followed to attain this end: on the one hand, the tracing of the concept in the contemporary philosophic anthropology (the positions of M. Buber and of K. Jaspers are briefly examined) and in the views of several psychotherapists who have placed it as a significant issue in their treatments (the therapists considered are K. Binswanger, C. Rogers, J. L. Moreno and E. Pichon-Riviere), and on the other hand, some clinical means, and very special attitudes, are indicated as particularly favourable for the promotion of that enlargement of subjectivity leading to the encounter of one self as well as the other person. Some fragments of sessions are presented demonstrating that in general the "how" of the attitude prevailing in the therapeutic relation is more effective than the "what" of the specific technical resources employed. However, some of these are commendable as a more direct way to bring about the experience of encounter. This leads me to psychodrama, with its techniques of the double, the inversion of roles, the mirror, and most of all with the general group sharing that closes the sessions, and to the gestalt methods, which involve in many instances physical contacts with other people, with the precise object of achieving a maximum insight, or, in the already classical expression, awareness, which is basically an encounter with oneself. Implicit in all the above considerations lies the conviction that man must share his existence with others not only for biological reasons; it is an indispensable requirement for his full development as an individual, a requirement for being himself. If one of the goals of psychological treatments is to promote personal growth and proximity to oneself, an intense encounter with the therapist or with the copatients, as the case may be, must be a part of the process of therapy. Also in this context, the fundamental fact in human existence is, using the formulation of Buber, the relation I and Thou, which, in the words of Jaspers now, must be an amorous battle. PMID- 7136829 TI - [HMP K-1 tests norms for argentine subjects between 4 years, 6 months and 5 years, 6 months old]. AB - Percentile norms for Thurstone's test HMP K-1 for argentine subjects are presented in this study. This test was administered to a sample of 400 argentine subjects (200 boys and 200 girls) between 4 years, 6 months and 5 years, 6 months old. The HMP K-1 test is composed of four factors: Verbal meaning, Number fluency, Spatial relations and Perceptual speed. Frequency distribution for both sexes and for the whole sample were obtained for each factor. Then the corresponding accumulated frequency distribution was calculated and transformed into percentile rank. These results are shown in Table 1-2-3 and 4. Percentile ranks corresponding to the whole sample are presented in Table 1. Arithmetic means and standard deviations were calculated for each frequency distribution and are presented in Table 2. Percentile norms corresponding to girls are presented in Table 3. In Table 4 percentile norms corresponding to boys are shown. "t" values were obtained between the arithmetic means of scores of boys and girls, finding that significative differences (p less than or equal to .01) only appeared in factors Number fluency and Spatial relations. These norms based on argentine children allow us to compare a child's score with a norm obtained studying children from the same local environment. PMID- 7136830 TI - [Psycho-oncology and its contribution to the multifactorial approach to cancer]. AB - Psycho-oncology is a relatively new field in the investigation of cancer, although it represents a rather old concern. Those studies in the Literature which contribute to the understanding of the etiology of cancer are discussed. Papers on its treatment are not included. The investigation of psychosocial and personality factors which may influence cancer pathogenesis is exceedingly difficult due to the complexity of this phenomenon, whose morbid entity has been questioned. Most authors consider it a multi-dimensional process. Also, several methodological aspects are discussed. Numerous studies have revealed some interesting results, although these are far from complete. This makes it still impossible to draw definite causal relation. Aspects such as family and individual constellations of factors which appear to predispose to cancer appear as important. Concerning breast carcinomas, a triad of relevant traits have been identified: depressive-masochistic structure, ambivalent or negative attitude toward femininity, and chronic psychic stress. This is a promising start, despite the fact that these traits are quite general. It is hoped that further investigations may throw more light on the pathogenesis of cancer, allowing a clearer definition of preventive and therapeutic measures, both more effective and humane. PMID- 7136831 TI - [Mind, body and the Freudian concept of the psychic]. AB - The purpose of this paper is twofold. In the first place, I intend to set up a general framework for the classification of standard philosophical theories concerning the so-called mind-body problem. Starting with a description of some relevant features of the pretheoretical distinction between the body and the mind. I follow the received distinction between dualistic theories (namely, theories maintaining that mind and body constitute two different ontological realms), monistic theories (that is, theories asserting that, ontologically speaking, only mind or matter exists), and attributive theories (namely, theories positing that mind and body are attributes of a neutral staff). I analyse several versions of each type, paying due attention to interactionism and to the so called identity theory. In the second place I rise a crucial question concerning Freud's views about the nature of the psychical: was Freud a dualist, a monist or and attributionist? Is it possible to assign Freud a neat position on the matter? I argue that Freud's views of the psychical amount to a kind of monism of a materialistic or physicalistic type. As to the version of monism ascribable to Freud, I maintain that it is impossible to produce a precise and simple answer. He seems to fluctuate between a plain reductionism, a sort of identity theory and, even, some version of epiphenomenism. PMID- 7136833 TI - [25th anniversary of the double-bind theory]. PMID- 7136832 TI - [Psychosis: possible model for approaching it by theoretico-clinical observation of children and their families]. AB - In this work we intend to define the constitution of the psychosis in children through a methodological proposal called "genetic model". This model includes the clinical investigation about the child and his family. We have come to this research after several years of having worked as adult and child analysts of diverse pathology. Our research has an initial point, both theoretical and clinical, in the early constitution of the child's psychosis. In our daily practice as analysts we have observed that the aspects dealt with in this work were the commonest to appear, not only in the direct work with the psychotic child and with his family, but also through the task of supervising therapies carried out in hospitals and private health-service clinics in the city of La Plata. We have performed this work with the theoretical guide of Sigmund Freud and Piera Aulagnier's studies. By "genetic model" we understand all the work we have carried out from the anamnesis with the parents and clinical investigation in the child as regards the living conditions in the environment so that the child's ego could emerge. Our observation, while performing the "model" already mentioned, detected that living conditions in our middle-class children are visibly distressing, psychotic in its greatest form. Therefore, we reconsider the existence of an early symptomatology in the constitution of the child's psychosis. The symptomatology commonly found shows the following items: loss of diminution of the libidinal interest on the part of the child towards his mother mate; loss of interest about his nutrition; diminution or loss of perception of his basic needs (absence of vital force); loss of interest to communicate with the external environment; loss of smile and entertainment, within the latter: loss of vocal and corporal play. These symptoms may last for a short period of time (days, weeks) but others may last forever. Generally, they are not detected by the pediatrician or neurologist. Thus, they are not properly dealt with. We believe that this early moment, which will determine the individual's destiny, is detected during the psychoanalytical work with his parents. In this work we realize of the existence of a number of conditions which favour the psychotic state. Among the most outstanding ones we find a daily violence exercised upon the child, a predominance of the death compulsion towards the child who acquires different characteristics: actual hatred, an interest which suffocates and does not let him grow or the most absolute indifference. All these features create subhuman living conditions for the creature's ego. In general, his ego does not grow properly and independently. The parents' failure limits prematurely the child to an infrahuman way of living. It's true that these conditions are necessary but not enough to give place to the psychotic development of the child. The lack of love between parents and the predominance of Thanatos are the two constant factors found when performing our analytical task. PMID- 7136834 TI - [Prevalence of mental disorders in the metropolitan area of the Republic of Argentina]. AB - The survey was carried out during 1979 (September-December). The sample covered the whole Federal District and the nineteen counties of the Greater Buenos Aires with a population of 9.908.001 persons; 18.61% in F. D. and 10,24% en G.B.A. refused to answer; 3411 were interviewed. The responses to the Present State Examination (PSE) were used for case-finding. The PSE is a semistructured interview that has been extensively tested with inpatients and outpatients. It has a technique for case-defining: the index of Definition (I.D.). A set of rules were developed to allocate the profile of symptoms present in the PSE (ninth edition) to one of the eight levels of definition. The rules were incorporated in a computer program called Catego. The prevalence of cases, as defined in the study, is 26% (ID 5-8) (30.8% in the feminine population and 20.3% in the masculine). If the threshold level (5) is excluded, the rate is 10,2%. (6,9% among males and 11,9% among females). The diagnosis derived from the Catego Program, fitted descriptively with the International Classification of Diseases (chapter 5) show the 13% of the population with neurotic perturbations, specially of depressive type, 6% with affective psychosis, 4% of schizophrenic psychosis and 1,3% of paranoic states. The major associations of prevalence rates are with sex and socioeconomic level. There is a preponderance of women with high Index of Definition. Future studies must prove the relationships between disorders and sex. We think that the interdependence of being married, children at home below 14 years, having no employment, can explain the high rates in the female population. The highest levels of the Index of Definition are associated with the lowest socioeconomic levels. The analysis of data presented here suggests more detailed studies, specially on the aetiology of depression and on the relationship between women and mental disorders. PMID- 7136835 TI - Prospective study of social and psychiatric aspects in self poisoned patients. AB - A prospective follow-up study of 257 self poisoned patients in Trondheim, Norway, is presented. The patients were mainly young females living in the central areas of the city where social, psychiatric and material problems are common. The psychiatrist found a suicidal intention in 25.7% of male and in 29.8% of female patients. About half the patients received some psychiatric (28.7%) or social help (21.4%) after discharge. One and/or six months after discharge 229 (89.1%) of the patients were interviewed again. At 6 months 61.1% of male and 50.9% of female patients said that their situation had improved. For the rest it had not changed or had worsened. Suicidal plans were expressed by 1.0% of male patients and 3.9% of female patients. During the first year after discharge four men (3.9%) and two women (1.4%) committed suicide. It seems important to keep in contact with the patients after discharge to identify those who need further help. PMID- 7136836 TI - Health of children whose parents seek psychiatric care. AB - The study comprises 69 pre-school children whose parents, mainly mothers, had sought care at a department of psychiatry in Stockholm. The majority of the parents had attended for recurrent ambulatory treatment (58%) or had only come to the emergency room (25%). The children demonstrated a significantly higher frequency of somatic and emotional symptoms than a matched control group. To a large extent, the index children showed failure to thrive without any apparent organic cause. In exceptional cases there had been co-operation between the departments of psychiatry and paediatrics (one case) as well as between the departments of psychiatry and social welfare (five cases). There is an urgent need to develop methods within the scope of psychiatric care whereby the best interests of both the parents and the children are taken into consideration. PMID- 7136837 TI - Types of life events associated with depression in a Kenyan setting. PMID- 7136838 TI - The treatment of extreme shyness in maladjusted children by implosive, counselling and conditioning approaches. AB - This article deals with the reason why little research has been conducted into the area of timidity or shyness in children, and the effect this has on their socialisation and learning. The study attempts to define and treat the problem of timidity by: reducing anxiety both general and specific; developing greater assertiveness in the child's behaviour; promoting the ability to communicate effectively with other people; discovering and treating the areas which are creating feelings of inadequacy by reducing or eliminating them; investigating parental background and trying to influence this, and attempting to decrease over sensitivity. A control group of 11 and an experimental group of 11 are studied and treated after random sampling. The duration of study is 7 months. They are treated for 6 months and followed up by reassessment of both groups 2 weeks after the 6-month period. The sample is assessed by the MPI (Maudsley Personality Inventory) and a rating scale. Among the implosive approaches used is the forcing of the individual to react by promoting an emotion such as anger, or even verbal or physical attack, to develop communication of some kind. Individuals are therefore forced to participate in activities such as swimming and games, experience loud noises in music, are involved in drama therapy and encouraged to mix with members of the opposite sex. Additionally, behaviour therapy is used including the shaping of increasingly assertive responses. Timidity is modified statistically by showing an improved reading ability and through the measurement of extroversion on the MPI. No such change is reported in the control group. Changes in reading, spelling and math are also in the expected desired direction. PMID- 7136840 TI - Diagnosis of killers seen for psychiatric assessment. A controlled study. AB - 109 killers, 38 nonviolent offenders and 54 community controls were compared on psychiatric diagnosis, the MMPI, Cattell 16 PF, IQ and clinical neurological results. Killers did not differ from nonviolent offenders on diagnosis or personality in general. Only higher MMPI Hysteria scale scores differentiated the killers from the other groups. IQ tended to be lower and neurological findings more often positive in homicide cases than in controls. Results suggest that previous uncontrolled research on homicide has been misleading. PMID- 7136839 TI - Study of delusions in Kenyan schizophrenic patients diagnosed using a set of research diagnostic criteria. AB - Eighty 'psychotic' Kenyan patients of African origin were screened using the New Haven Schizophrenic Index (NHSI). Fifty-one of these (64%) were found positive. Delusions were found to be significantly more common (P less than 0.001) in the NHSI positive group than in the negative group. Sex and age had no effect on the distribution of delusions in general but level of education did. These findings are compared and contrasted with findings of similar investigations and some of their implications are discussed. PMID- 7136841 TI - The role of alcohol, drugs, suicide attempts and situational strains in homicide committed by offenders seen for psychiatric assessment. A controlled study. AB - The use of alcohol and drugs at the time of offence, suicide attempts and situational strains were compared in 109 killers and 38 nonviolent offenders seen for psychiatric assessment. More killers than nonviolent offenders used alcohol and drugs at the time of their offence but there was no difference in previous attempts at suicide nor in situational strains. Killers, however, did have more recent frustrations than the other group. Results suggest that the use of intoxicants in violence-prone individuals is the most important factor in homicide. PMID- 7136842 TI - Suicide rates among public mental health patients. AB - Age-specific suicide rates are presented, based on 207 white patients of the Missouri Department of Mental Health who were identified as having committed suicide during 1972-74. Results, divided by age, sex, diagnosis and patient status, are compared with other studies. Male inpatients are about five times more likely to commit suicide compared to the general population, while female inpatients are about 10 times more likely to do so. In both sexes, the rate is greatest for the diagnosis of major affective disorder. A history of psychiatric treatment increases the suicide risk more for women than for men, although male patients are still about twice as likely to commit suicide than are female patients. A quantitative model is presented which describes the relative influence of age, sex and diagnosis on suicide rates. PMID- 7136843 TI - Judging similarity among strings described by hierarchical trees. PMID- 7136845 TI - An additive factor analysis of the effects of sleep loss on reaction processes. PMID- 7136844 TI - The corroboration time measure: an implicit confidence judgement. PMID- 7136846 TI - Effect of any auditory stimulus on the processing of a visual stimulus single- and dual-tasks conditions. PMID- 7136847 TI - The coding of constrained and preselected movement distance: same-limb versus switched-limb reproduction. PMID- 7136848 TI - Changes of lipid peroxides and alpha-tocopherol in rats with experimentally induced myocardial necrosis. AB - Myocardial necrosis was produced in rats by injection of isoproterenol (80 mg per kg body weight). Lipid peroxides were measured by the thiobarbituric acid reaction. alpha-Tocopherol was assayed by fluorometric analysis. Immediately after isoproterenol injections, serum lipid peroxides increased and serum alpha tocopherol decreased, then gradually returned to the pre-injection levels. Lipid peroxides increased more rapidly in the heart and liver than in serum. Alpha Tocopherol decreased in the heart and liver, then gradually returned to the pre injection levels. These results indicate that increase in serum lipid peroxides reflects production of peroxides in myocardial tissue and in liver. The decrease in alpha-tocopherol may be due to consumption as anti-oxidants in the vascular system and organs. PMID- 7136849 TI - Pharmacokinetic analysis of adriamycin (doxorubicin) and related fluorescent compounds in Ehrlich tumor-bearing mouse plasma and tissues. AB - Pharmacokinetic analysis of the distribution and concentration of adriamycin (ADM) in mouse plasma and tissues was carried out by differentiating the unmetabolized form from metabolized ones using high-performance liquid chromatography after a single intravenous injection. Marked differences between ADM and total ADM equivalent values (total ADM values) or its metabolized forms were observed in the pharmacokinetic behavior in plasma and tissue distributions. The ratios of tissue per plasma for total ADM and for ADM values in the liver, kidney and heart showed a two-digit magnitude each time they were examined. Twenty four h later, the ratios for ADM values in the liver, kidney, heart and lung were at high levels; 43.1, 48.1, 57.9 and 45.5 times, respectively. Twenty min after injection the ratios for total ADM values in the spleen, lung and tumors were comparatively small, but 24 h later, the ratio had increased 36.5, 45.5 and 6.8 times respectively. PMID- 7136850 TI - Discriminant analysis of volume-time and flow-volume parameters between healthy adults and asthmatic patients. AB - Volume-time (V-T) and flow-volume (F-V) curves were measured in all the subjects of nonsmoking young males (mean value 26.3 yrs.), healthy and asthmatic. Eleven parameters of pulmonary function tests, which were composed of two V-T, six F-V, and three mean time constants (MTC) parameters, were calculated from the curves. These were used in the discriminant analysis through all possible selection procedures (APSP) to make clear the importance of the F-V recognition. In using only one parameter, V75, which was one of the F-V parameters, showed the lowest probability of misclassification, 18.78%, and was the most useful parameter to discriminate the two groups. The probability of misclassification of the eleven parameters showed 15.46%, and that of the six F-V ones showed 17.45%. Though the probability of the six F-V ones was higher than that of the eleven ones, it was lower than that of the twoV-T or of the three MTC ones. Therefore the six F-V parameters including V75 was sufficient to discriminate the two groups of subjects. Thus it was made clear that the flow-volume recognition was important by the discriminant analysis. PMID- 7136851 TI - Bone marrow examination for detection of metastasis in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma: an evaluation of 107 patients. AB - As a staging procedure before treatment, examination of bone marrow from the posterior iliac crest was performed on a total of 107 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. Among them, 11 patients (10.3%) had metastasis in the bone marrow: five of 39 adenocarcinomas, five of 33 small cell carcinomas, one of four large cell carcinomas, and none of 31 epidermoid carcinomas. Leukoerythroblastosis was found exclusively in the patients with metastasis, although the presence of tumor cells in the bone marrow did not correlate well with peripheral blood cell counts. Survival following an intensive chemotherapy in patients with bone marrow metastasis was substantially longer for those with small cell carcinoma than for those with other histologic types of bronchogenic carcinoma. PMID- 7136852 TI - Percutaneous transhepatic portal catheterization-modification of Chiba method and portal vein pressure in liver diseases. AB - Percutaneous transhepatic portal catheterization was performed in 68 cases of liver diseases in the 2 year period from 1978 to 1980. The Chiba University method was modified. Portal vein catheterization was successful in 61 cases (90%). Selective splenic vein catheterization was successful in 55 of the 61 cases (90%) and selective superior mesenteric vein catheterization in 59 cases (97%). The liver was punctured an average of 4.6 times in order to successfully insert the catheter into the main portal vein, and the number of punctures was less than 10 in 57 of the 61 cases (93%). The portal vein pressure was 310+/-67 mm H2O in idiopathic portal hypertension (8 cases), 290+/-83 in liver cirrhosis (33 cases), 193+/-71 in chronic hepatitis (7 cases) and 166+/-50 in fatty liver (4 cases). Portal vein pressure rose from 205+/-75 to 380+/-55 mm H2O in 11 cases after forced Valsalva maneuver. No major complications were encountered. PMID- 7136853 TI - Chromosome 8-14 translocation in a non-African Burkitt's lymphoma with leukemic conversion. AB - A specific chromosome translocation, t(8q-; 14q+), was observed in a 43-year-old female with non-African Burkitt's lymphoma in which leukemic conversion had occurred. The chromosome studies used cells from ascites. The ascites was apparently the result of a primary tumor involving the ovaries and contained 68% of lymphoma cells. The frequent occurrence of abnormalities related to chromosomes 1, 8 and 14 in African and non-African Burkitt's lymphomas was emphasized. PMID- 7136855 TI - Immunological properties of erythrocyte catalase in Japanese type acatalasemia. AB - The reaction between acatalasemia hemolysate and anti-normal erythrocyte catalase IgG gave a precipitin line which was interrupted by a normal precipitin line, in the double immunodiffusion method. Hypocatalasemia hemolysate revealed two precipitin lines, one completely, the other partially, fused with a normal precipitin line. No immunological reactions between fresh hemolysates of acatalasemia, hypocatalasemia and normal erythrocytes and antihuman C-reactive protein serum were observed, but the lysates stored for 4 weeks in an ice cold water bath reacted slightly with this antiserum. PMID- 7136854 TI - Electron microscopic investigation of monoaminergic terminals to alpha motoneurons in the anterior horn of the cat spinal cord. AB - In the anterior horn of the cat thoracic cord, networks of the monoaminergic fibers surrounding the alpha-motoneurons were investigated by fluorescent microscopy and submicroscopically. Monoaminergic terminals were recognized by the administration of 5-OHDA electron microscopically. These terminals could be classified morphologically into three types. The physiological significance of monoaminergic control of alpha-motoneurons was discussed. Type I of the labeled terminals did not show any typical synaptic specialization, such as aggregation of synaptic vesicles or thickening of the pre- and postsynaptic membranes. This type did not have synaptic contact with the alpha-motoneurons. Type II showed typical synaptic contact and asymmetrical synaptic type membranous thickening. A large number of small dense-cored vesicles were accumulated in the vicinity of the presynaptic membranes. Type III contained a large number of small and large dense-cored vesicles and a few flattened small vesicles. This type had synaptic contact with the presynaptic nerve ending in which a large number of agranular vesicles were contained. This study demonstrated that alpha-motoneurons in the anterior horn receive supraspinal monoaminergic control in three ways: modulator control through Type I, monosynaptic direct control through Type II, and inhibitory control through Type III. PMID- 7136856 TI - Motor endplate cholinesterase in human skeletal muscle. AB - The activity and properties of cholinesterase (ChE) of the motor endplate and its fractions were studied in isolated human skeletal muscle. This preparation was used since the ChE activity of the membrane preparation was localized only in the motor endplate. The endplate ChE was stable in the isolated membrane for 4 weeks at 4 degrees C. The specific activity of the extracted ChE of human muscle membrane was 29.6% higher than that of the original membrane. Studies with specific substrates and ChE inhibitors indicated that most of the ChE of human muscle membrane and its fractions was acetylcholinesterase, and that the minor component was pseudocholinesterase. A Michaelis-Menten constant of 3.82 mM was estimated in the endplate ChE, and 0.88 mM in the extracted ChE of the endplate. The extracted human endplate ChE was separated into three fractions by Sephadex G 200 chromatography, and into two fractions by acrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 7136857 TI - Stereoscopic observation of the microvasculature of peripheral nerves. AB - The microvasculature of peripheral nerves in dog and human samples was studied by an injection replica scanning electron microscope (SEM) method. The three dimensional relationship of epineural and intraneural vessels was well demonstrated by this method. Epineural vessels were made of both longitudinal arterioles and venules and also a close meshwork of capillaries. In the intraneural microvasculature, longitudinal arterioles and venules made up the perineural vessels, and grouped capillaries corresponded to the fine vasculature of intrafascicular vessels. Between epineural and intraneural vessels, there was little anastomosis but nutrient arteries ran through the epineural vasculature into the intraneural vessels. There was little interconnection of vessels among the intraneural vasculature. It was postulated that the close meshwork of the epineural layer can resist pressure from outside the peripheral nerves but that longitudinal venules seemed to be affected by pressure and tension at the localized area. PMID- 7136858 TI - Berberine therapy of hypertyraminemia in patients with liver cirrhosis. PMID- 7136859 TI - Discriminant analysis of pulmonary function parameters. Healthy adults versus mild asthmatics and moderate asthmatics. AB - Volume-time (V-T) and flow-volume (F-V) curves were measured in all the subjects of nonsmoking young males (mean value 26.3 yrs. of age), healthy and asthmatics. Eleven parameters of pulmonary function tests composed of two V-T, six F-V, and three mean time constant (MTC) parameters, were calculated from the curves. These parameters were used in the two analyses through the all possible selection procedure (APSP) discriminating between healthy adults and mild asthmatics and also between healthy and moderate. Flow rate at 75% of FVC (V75) proved to be the most useful parameter and V50 the next best in both analyses. The probability of misclassification using all eleven parameters was 19.64% in the analysis of healthy adults and mild asthmatics, and 4.29% in the analysis of healthy adults and moderate asthmatics. There was a little difference in the parameters selected at every step. The discriminant analysis proved that the flow-volume patterns were different according to the severity of bronchial asthma. Thus flow-volume recognition was considered to be important in analyzing the severity of bronchial asthma. PMID- 7136860 TI - Alteration of hepatic ornithine decarboxylase and aniline hydroxylase activities following a single dosing of azathioprine to rats. PMID- 7136861 TI - Unilateral cystic inner ear anomalies in siblings. AB - Unilateral cystic inner ear anomalies were diagnosed in two siblings, a 9 year old boy and a 6 year old girl. X-ray examination of the temporal bone was performed, together with audiological examinations and vestibular function tests. The common tomographic X-ray findings consisted of an enlarged solitary sac type deformity of the vestibule with narrowing of the internal auditory canal, severe hypoplasia of the anterior semicircular canal and no visualized cochlea. Pure tone audiometry revealed severe mixed type of hearing loss in the right ear in both children. The test for vestibular function showed no response to caloric testing. PMID- 7136862 TI - Amikacin in experimental tuberculosis of guinea pigs. PMID- 7136863 TI - Stimulatory effect of herbicide 2,4-D on the heterotrophic microbial community in the water of three fish ponds. AB - Herbicide 2,4-D at a dosage of 500 mg l-1 stimulated the proliferation of the heterotrophic bacterial community present in the water of three fish ponds over a period of one year. 2,4-D due to its toxic action might kill the planktonic algal population occurring in the pond water, which on degradation generated more nutrients conductive to bacterial proliferation. The microbial density in different hours were closely correlated (p less than 0.01 less than 0.05) with the variations of each of NH4-N, NO2-N and specific conductivity of water, while the relationship between the former and PO4-P was reciprocal (P less than 0.001). PMID- 7136864 TI - Effect of endotoxin preparations on the course of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection in suckling mice. AB - Death occurred earlier and its rate was higher in suckling mice treated with parent or radio-detoxified endotoxin and subsequently inoculated intracerebrally with lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus than in their virus infected but untreated control littermates. Thus, in suckling mice both the parent and the radio-detoxified endotoxin pretreatment contributed to the outcome of LCM virus infection in the form of lethal meningitis indicating its increasing effect on the cellular immunological reaction to the virus infection. PMID- 7136865 TI - Progestin and oestrogen receptors in meningiomas. Biochemical characterization, clinical and pathological correlations in 42 cases. AB - Progestin receptors (PR) were evaluated in 40 intracranial and 2 spinal meningiomas. PR measured with radiolabelled R 5020 were found in 93% of cases (39/42). PR levels were significantly higher (p = 0.05) in females (mean: 5,720 fmol/gmT) than in males (mean: 3,120 fmol/gmT). Biochemical characterization of the R 5020 saturable binding sites showed that they were mainly cytosolic, had a high affinity constant (Kd approximately equal to 1 nM) and were progestin specific. Correlation with sex suggested some biological activity of PR in meningiomas. Oestrogen receptors (OR) were evaluated in 36 intracranial and 2 spinal meningiomas. OR measured with radiolabelled R 2858 were present in 79% of cases (30/38). OR mean levels were equal in females (mean: 285 fmol/gmT) and in males (mean: 330 fmol/gmT). The relevance of PR and possibly OR in the biology of meningiomas and of leptomeninges was suggested by the presence of receptors in a sample of normal leptomeninges. PMID- 7136866 TI - Medulloblastoma: survey of factors possibly influencing the prognosis. AB - In a series of 310 cases the role of the factors age, sex, location of the tumour (midline or lateral), and medulloblastoma type (classic or desmoplastic) were analysed with regard to the prognosis. The influence of therapy is not considered because of the inhomogeneity of the material and the view nowadays that treatment is insufficient. The occurrence of lateral (or hemispheric) medulloblastomas increases in the group of the 11-15 years old patients. The proportion of the desmoplastic type is greater in adults than in children, but they are distributed almost equally medially and laterally. There seems to be no definite correlation between sex and the survival time. The mean survival time increases with age. With regard to the histological subclassification into children and adults, the mean survival times are nearly identical. The only obvious factor with a decisive influence on the prognosis seems to be the time of appearance of the tumour. Additionally, the data support the conclusion that a desmoplastic medulloblastoma should be considered as a histological variant without clinical relevance. PMID- 7136867 TI - Exposure of the cat brain surface to neurosurgical irrigation fluids, hydrogen peroxide and air. Quantitative assay of blood-brain barrier dysfunction. AB - The effect of different irrigation fluids used in neurosurgery and of cortical exposure to air or hydrogen peroxides on the cat brain surface was tested by quantitative assay of extravasated albumen in the cortex and the white matter. Ringer's solution and Elliott's solution B induced no major blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction after closed subdural perfusion for 3 hours. Normal saline induced slight BBB dysfunction extending throughout the cortex into the white matter after the same time of exposure. When these three solutions were applied to the brain surface via pledgets during exposure for 3 hours no further damage was induced. If 15 minutes exposure to air preceded the open perfusion via pledgets with Ringer's solution or Elliott's solution B for 2 hours and 45 minutes, no significant cortical BBB dysfunction was induced. There was a manifold increase in BBB dysfunction after perfusion with Ringer's solution or Elliott's solution B for 2 hours and 45 minutes followed by exposure to three per cent hydrogen peroxide for 5 minutes and a further 10 minutes perfusion with the previous irrigation fluid. Thus, normal saline was found unsuitable for neurosurgical irrigation purposes, due to disturbance of the BBB. Ringer's solution and Elliott's solution B protected the brain adequately even if only applied in pledgets. A short period of exposure to air had no effect on the BBB in the cortex, whilst exposure to hydrogen peroxide was detrimental to the BBB. PMID- 7136868 TI - Disposable brain shield adapted to the brain retractor. A technical note. PMID- 7136869 TI - A simple method for the control of suction power during neurosurgery. PMID- 7136870 TI - Isolated cerebral cryptococcosis. Case report. PMID- 7136871 TI - A pontine glioma showing a calcified image radiologically. A pontine glioblastoma like tumour associated with a chondrosarcoma. PMID- 7136872 TI - Intracerebral schwannoma. PMID- 7136874 TI - Recommendations for the planning of neurosurgical activity in Italy. PMID- 7136873 TI - Midline giant arterio-venous malformations in infants. AB - Three rare cases of giant midline arterio-venous malformations are presented. The first case is an infant girl with a vein of Galen malformation, who died from a subarachnoid haemorrhage a few weeks after shunt insertion for the control of hydrocephalus. The second case is an infant girl with a massive dilatation of the superior longitudinal sinus, who died from acute cardiac decompensation following direct surgery on the malformation. The third case is an infant boy with very large bilateral angiomas of the basal ganglia, who was not treated surgically. Some unusual features of these cases are discussed. Anatomically, the lesion can be quite different from a typical vein of Galen malformation. Clinically, the presence of cardiac failure and hydrocephalus is not always the case, and the possibility of a subarachnoid haemorrhage must be considered. For these reasons, infants with giant midline AVMs should be treated individually, balancing various considerations. PMID- 7136876 TI - Electrophysiological evaluation of cross-face nerve graft in treatment of facial palsy. AB - A cross-face autogenous single graft was performed in eight patients with facial palsy. Several electrophysiological techniques have been used in a follow-up study of one to three years' duration. Clinical results are extremely disappointing. The only recovery observed could not be ascribed to the graft. The investigations and the motor unit count in the facial muscles led to the conclusion that the surgical technique employed is a failure. The orbicularis oculi muscle in particular has no chance whatsoever of being satisfactorily reinnervated. Various reasons for this poor recovery are analysed: too small a number of properly grafted axons, syncinesis, muscle degeneration and poor myelination. These observations nevertheless suggest some experimental fields which may lead to improvements in the technique to a point where it may become clinically useful. PMID- 7136875 TI - Rapid onset of delayed traumatic intracerebral haematoma with diffuse intravascular coagulation and fibrinolysis. PMID- 7136877 TI - Haemorrhage in pituitary tumours. AB - Evidence of haemorrhage was found in 58 of 320 verified pituitary adenomas (18.1%). Haemorrhage occurred as acute or subacute apoplexy and recent or old silent haemorrhages. The differentiation was based on the predominant clinical features, the operative findings and the length of the history. There was a relatively high incidence of giant or large recurrent adenomas, invasiveness, malignant change, increased vascularity and sinusoidal characteristics on histology among the haemorrhagic tumours. The majority (53.4%) were hypopituitary but 39.6% had no obvious endocrine defect. CT scan has helped in the early preoperative diagnosis of haemorrhage in pituitary adenoma. Transcranial surgery appeared a most effective mode of treatment in the current series. PMID- 7136878 TI - Bilateral supratentorial epidural haematomas occurring independently and consecutively after the removal of a craniospinal meningioma. PMID- 7136879 TI - Traumatic extradural haematomas in children: experience with 62 cases. AB - Sixty-two children with traumatic extradural haematomas are considered According to the clinical history presented--often atypical--and to the grade of neurological impairment, patients have been divided into different clinical groups. Nearly 50% of patients sustained a minor injury, and 26% did not lose consciousness after trauma. Twenty-four per cent of patients did not show fractures on skull X-rays. Atypical location of the haematoma was noted in 22 cases, mainly in the anterior fossa (19 cases). Sixty patients were operated on, while two patients were conservatively treated, owing to the limited size of the haematomas and to the absence of neurological deficits. Associated brain lesions were discovered at surgery in 40% of cases. The overall mortality rate has been 17%, the operative mortality rate 14%. The morbidity rate has been 6%, with 3% of patients presenting severe disability. Morbidity and mortality have been shown to be affected by age--with better prognosis in patients under 10 years of age, by the clinical history presented, by the preoperative conditions, and, mainly, by the presence of associated brain lesions. As regards location, frontal haematomas have shown a better prognosis and a slower course than convexity haematomas. Finally, prognosis of extradural haematomas in children has improved to some extent in the last years with the advent of the CT scan, possibly due to speed and accuracy of diagnosis. PMID- 7136880 TI - Computerized tomography (CT) in patients with head injuries. Assessment of outcome based upon initial clinical findings and initial CT scans. AB - In this study, which comprises 144 consecutive head injuries, the initial clinical assessment and the findings of the initial CT scan are related to the outcome. The mortality is related to the patient's level of consciousness and pupillary light reflex on admission. The disability rate (= number of disabled/number of survivors) was independent of the level of consciousness but closely related to pupillary light reaction. Diminished and obliterated basal cisterns were bad prognostic signs, with a mortality rate of 66% in the latter group. Both disability and mortality increase with the number of different lesion types. PMID- 7136882 TI - Histometric changes of the human spinal motor neurones during normal fetal development. PMID- 7136881 TI - The diagnostic value of measuring creatine kinase BB activity in cerebrospinal fluid following acute head injury. AB - During a period of 2 months the activity of creatine kinase BB (CK-BB) was measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 93 consecutive patients admitted as emergencies to the Neurosurgical Department. Fourteen of the 15 patients with verified brain contusion showed an increased activity of CK-BB in the CSF whereas all patients with various other acute neurological disorders, such as epilepsy and acute headache, had a normal CK-BB activity. Two of 5 patients with subarachnoidal haemorrhage and 13 of 58 patients classified as concussion also showed an increased CK-BB activity. Spinal fluid pressure, number of red cells and activity of CK (total) were less useful than CK-BB in diagnosing acute brain damage. Even diagnostic ventricular puncture with a Fisher cannula, producing a tiny (diameter = 2.8 mm) brain lesion, gave rise to an increased CK-BB activity. CSF sampled repeatedly from 10 other patients with brain contusion showed CK-BB activities that suggest the optimum period for sampling to be between one and 15 hours after head injury. The results obtained suggest that CK-BB is a reliable indicator of brain damage following head injury. PMID- 7136883 TI - Intracranial cholesteatoma extending in the middle and posterior fossa. PMID- 7136884 TI - Hemangiopericytoma of the meninges. Report of two cases. PMID- 7136885 TI - Selective and non-selective beta-blockers: are both effective in prophylaxis of migraine? A clinical trial versus methysergide. PMID- 7136886 TI - Plexiform neurofibroma of the occipital scalp. PMID- 7136887 TI - Cerebral calcinosis and hypoparathyroidism. Case report. PMID- 7136889 TI - [Infection in the cutaneous ureterostomy]. PMID- 7136888 TI - [Metabolic changes in staghorn lithiasis]. PMID- 7136890 TI - [Mortality and morbidity in 50 consecutive ureterosigmoidostomies]. PMID- 7136891 TI - [Ureteral substitution using the ileum]. PMID- 7136892 TI - [Association of cancer and renal tuberculosis: apropos of a new case]. PMID- 7136893 TI - [Retroperitoneal liposarcoma]. PMID- 7136894 TI - [Tumors of the renal pelvis and ureter. Remarks on 3 cases]. PMID- 7136895 TI - [Ganglioneuroma of the bladder]. PMID- 7136896 TI - [Adenomatoid tumor of the epididymis: unusual clinical presentation of a rare tumor]. PMID- 7136897 TI - [Epidermoid cyst of the testis]. PMID- 7136898 TI - The development of the red pulp in the spleen. PMID- 7136899 TI - Serotonin in biological psychiatry. PMID- 7136900 TI - LCEC analysis of indoles in biological tissues. PMID- 7136901 TI - Regulation of 5-HT catabolism. PMID- 7136903 TI - New vistas in glycolipid research. Proceedings of the Biwako Symposium on Glycolipids. Otsu, Japan, September 17-19, 1981. PMID- 7136902 TI - Glycolipids and i: past, present and future. PMID- 7136904 TI - Phosphonosphingoglycolipids, a new class of ionic sphingoglycolipids. PMID- 7136905 TI - Glycophosphosphingolipids: "ganglioside-like" glycolipids from plants and fungi. PMID- 7136906 TI - Biosynthesis and characterization of globoside and Forssman glycosphingolipids in guinea pig tumor cells. PMID- 7136907 TI - Aspects of the future for the analysis of glycosphingolipid mixtures. PMID- 7136908 TI - The sulfoglycolipid, highly acidic amphiphiles of mammalian renal tubules. PMID- 7136909 TI - Substrate specificity of viral, bacterial and mammalian sialidases with regard to different N,O-acetylated sialic acids and GM1. PMID- 7136911 TI - Degradation of glycolipids by water-soluble lysosomal glycosidases. PMID- 7136910 TI - Protein activators for the catabolism of glycosphingolipids. PMID- 7136912 TI - High performance liquid chromatography and structural analysis by field desorption mass spectrometry of underivatized glycolipid. PMID- 7136913 TI - Proteins that transfer sphingoglycolipids. PMID- 7136914 TI - The twitcher mouse: fate of exogenously administered [3H]galactosyl-sphingosine. PMID- 7136915 TI - Studies on sialidoses: GM3 ganglioside sialidase in human leucocytes. PMID- 7136916 TI - Membrane glycosphingolipids in chicken muscular dystrophy. PMID- 7136917 TI - Gangliosides and neutral glycosphingolipids in human brain tumors: specificity and their significance. PMID- 7136919 TI - Possible function of brain gangliosides in survival in the cold. PMID- 7136918 TI - Abnormalities in cerebral lipids and hepatic cholesterol glucuronide of a patient with GM1-gangliosidosis type 2. AB - The brain tissue of a patient with GM1-gangliosidosis Type 2 showed an abnormal distribution pattern of lipids, that is, a marked increase in GM1-ganglioside, asialo-GM1 and cholesterol ester, a significant increase of glucosylceramide, lactosylceramide and asialo-GM2, and a decrease in galactocerebroside and sulfatide. On the other hand, the liver tissue showed a normal pattern of glycolipids, that is, the presence of normal amounts of glucosylceramide, lactosylceramide, globotriaosylceramide, globoside, hematoside (GM3) and GD3. However, it was found that the patient's liver contained a larger amount of cholesterol glucuronide than normal liver and that it was present only in the liver and not in the other tissues. This represents the first report of elevated cholesterol glucuronide in liver of GM1-gangliosidosis. PMID- 7136920 TI - Glycolipid composition of fish brains and its bearing on the phylogeny. PMID- 7136921 TI - Biosynthesis of glycoconjugates in pure cultures of neurons presence of ectoglycosyltransferases. PMID- 7136922 TI - High resolution 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and 'soft ionization' mass spectrometry of glycosphingolipids. PMID- 7136923 TI - Gangliosides of human intestinal mucosa: detection of a possible fetal antigen. PMID- 7136924 TI - Complexity of glycolipids in erythrocyte membranes is promoted by beta galactoside alpha 1 leads to 2 fucosyltransferase. PMID- 7136925 TI - Distinctive characteristics of ganglioside-profiles in human leukemia-lymphoma cell lines. PMID- 7136926 TI - Myxovirus-induced membrane fusion mediated by phospholipids and neutral glycolipids. PMID- 7136928 TI - Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of hematoside and globoside. PMID- 7136927 TI - A new type of glycolipid change associated with oncogenesis: a fucoganglioside accumulation in premalignant hepatic lesion and in hepatoma induced by n-2 acetylaminofluorene. PMID- 7136929 TI - Antiglycolipid antibodies in human sera. PMID- 7136930 TI - New strategies for detection and resolution of minor gangliosides as applied to brain fucogangliosides. PMID- 7136931 TI - Chemistry of gangliosides carrying o-acetylated sialic acid. PMID- 7136933 TI - Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Conference on Shock. Marco Island, Florida, June 1981, Part 1. PMID- 7136932 TI - The isolation and characterization of 4-O-methylglucuronic acid-containing glycosphingolipid from spermatozoa of a fresh water bivalve, hyriopsis schlegelii. PMID- 7136934 TI - The effects of peritonitis on murine renal mitochondria. AB - To examine the coupled respiratory functions of murine kidney mitochondria, peritonitis was created in 29 male Sprague-Dawley rats; 29 rats were paired controls. Peritonitis was created by cecal ligation and perforation. Experimental and control animals were sacrificed at two hours (N = 12), four hours (N = 8), and 6 hours (N = 9), mitochondria were isolated, and state 3, state 4, and Respiratory Control Indices (RCI) were determined. The state 3, state 4, and RCI were unchanged from control values by analysis of variance. From these data, we conclude that the defective oxygen consumptions and organ failure in sepsis is not due to a primary cellular insult to the kidney mitochondria. PMID- 7136936 TI - Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Conference on Shock. Marco Island, Florida, June 1981. Part 2. PMID- 7136935 TI - Importance of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction with atelectasis. AB - This survey summarizes information on various factors that determine responses to hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. The emphasis is on the clinical relevance of these responses for atelectasis. Flow diversion reduces the functional effect of lung collapse by redistributing the pulmonary blood flow so as to promote restoration of arterial oxygen tension. The factors shown to influence the outcome include size of the atelectactic segment, mixed venous oxygen tension, intrapleural and intraalveolar pressure (transpulmonary pressure), cardiac output, and pulmonary transmural vascular pressure. PMID- 7136937 TI - Opsonic fibronectin is necessary for optimal serum-mediated phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus by human neutrophils. AB - Opsonic fibronectin is known to mediate reticuloendothelial (RE) cell and neutrophil uptake of nonbacterial particulates. In a recent study opsonic fibronectin deficiency following burn preceded the onset of sepsis, leading us to hypothesize a role for this protein in antibacterial defense. To test this hypothesis we compared pooled normal human serum to fibronectin-depleted serum in its ability to opsonize and promote phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus by human neutrophil monolayers. Phagocytosis and intracellular killing were evaluated using acridine orange staining and ultraviolet (UV) microscopy. Human serum depleted of opsonic fibronectin by gelatin-sepharose affinity chromatography manifested a marked reduction in its ability to support phagocytosis of S aureus by human neutrophils. Reconstitution of fibronectin deficient human serum with purified human plasma fibronectin restored its opsonic activity. The direct interaction of fibronectin with the bacteria was shown by mixing and/or incubation of the bacteria with normal serum followed by centrifugation and removal of the bacteria. This resulted in a marked (P less than 0.05) depletion (adsorption) of the fibronectin from the serum. Fibronectin appears not to act independently, but was an important cofactor in the ability for serum to stimulate phagocytosis. Thus, plasma fibronectin may be an important protein essential for maximal opsonic activity of serum. Its depletion following trauma and burn may undermine RE cell and neutrophil defense against infection and bacteremia, thus contributing to organ failure during septic shock. PMID- 7136938 TI - Sequestration of fibronectin at the site of an injury. AB - Fibronectin (Fn), a normal serum protein which appears to have important roles in wound healing and in reticuloendothelial system function, is depressed by most types of trauma. Fn is released into the tissue at the site of an injury which suggests the depression is the result of Fn sequestration at the wound site. A competitive inhibition assay for Fn was used to measure the concentration of Fn in fluid draining the site of a radical mastectomy and the level in concurrently obtained plasma. Plasma levels of Fn were significantly depressed following surgery but were returning toward normal by 24 hours postsurgery. The concentration of Fn in drainage fluid collected two hours postop was slightly but significantly lower than the plasma collected simultaneously. By 8 hours after surgery, drainage fluid levels were significantly higher than that in concurrently obtained plasma, and the difference was even more pronounced at 24 hours postop. Fn in the drainage fluid retained opsonic activity but at a lower level than the opsonic activity in plasma. The higher concentration of Fn in drainage fluid than in plasma appears to be due to binding of the Fn to tissue debris in the exudate, which prevents the reentry of Fn into the vascular compartment. PMID- 7136939 TI - Proteolytic enzyme levels during cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - Pulmonary damage resembling "shock lung" is frequently seen following cardiopulmonary bypass. In many of these cases a rise in the plasma level of proteolytic enzymes has been observed. In order to establish whether changes in plasma proteinase activity occur as a result of cardiopulmonary bypass per se, or whether hemodilution and surgical tissue destruction may be responsible, three groups of animals were studied. Control dogs were anesthetized, heparinized, and transfused rapidly with Ringer's lactate to a hematocrit of less than 30%. In the second group hemodilution was combined with a sham thoracotomy. The third group was perfused for 90 minutes on total cardiopulmonary bypass at flow rates between 60 and 95 ml/kg/min using a roller pump and an infant bubble oxygenator. Serum beta-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase activity was measured by spectrophotometry immediately after anesthesia and at fixed time intervals during the experimental procedure, as well as on the second and third postoperative days. It was found that beta-glucuronidase increased 78.2 +/- 6.6% during extracorporeal circulation, while acid phosphatase rose 46.3 +/- 4.2%. Increases in enzyme activity were significantly greater in the perfused group when compared with the sham-operated and the control groups. The results suggest that the postperfusion lung syndrome may be attributable in part to proteinase release caused by blood/material interaction within the extracorporeal circuit. PMID- 7136940 TI - Neurogenic shock syndrome after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in cats. PMID- 7136941 TI - Shock syndrome associated with mastocytosis: pharmacologic reversal of the acute episode and therapeutic prevention of recurrent attacks. AB - Patients with mastocytosis at times experience spontaneous episodes of severe flushing and vasodilatory shock. Antihistamine therapy has not been found to prevent uniformly the recurrence of such attacks or reverse the hypotension during the acute episode when given intravenously. We previously found marked overproduction of prostaglandin D2 in two patients with mastocytosis. This suggested the possibility that prostaglandin D2 may be an important mediator in addition to histamine in mastocytosis. We have now generalized our initial findings and have found an increased production of prostaglandin D2 ranging from 1.5-to 32.6-fold in eight additional patients with severe episodes of flushing associated with mastocytosis. In one of those patients, the release of prostaglandin D2 was found to increase approximately 81-fold during an attack of flushing. Without exception, chronic combined therapy with antihistamines and the prostaglandin biosynthesis inhibitor, aspirin, has successfully prevented the recurrence of such severe attacks in these patients, further implicating prostaglandin D2 as an important mediator. The immediate treatment of an acute hypotensive episode, however, represents a different therapeutic situation. We recently observed a severe hypotensive episode in a hospitalized patient with mastocytosis being treated with an H1 receptor antagonist alone. The hypotension was found to be refractory to intravenous fluids, dopamine, and antihistamines, but was immediately reversed by intravenous epinephrine. The self-administration of subcutaneous epinephrine during episodes of flushing in other patients has also been found to ameliorate the flushing rapidly. The apparent unique effectiveness of epinephrine in this situation may derive from an ability of epinephrine to inhibit mast-cell mediator release as a result of beta-adrenergic receptor activation. PMID- 7136943 TI - Restoration of hepatocellular function and blood flow following hepatic ischemia with ATP-MgCl2. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether hepatocellular function is altered following hepatic ischemia and whether ATP-MgCl2 has any effect on it. To study this, total hepatic ischemia in rats was produced for 60 minutes by placing a ligature around the hepatic artery, portal vein, and the common bile duct. At the end of the ischemic period, the ligature was removed, reestablishing blood flow to the liver. The animals then received IV either 0.25 ml saline (nontreated) or 0.25 ml ATP-MgCl2 (12.5 mumoles each) (treated). Three hours following the end of ischemia, indocyanine green (ICG) clearance was determined by infusing ICG at a concentration of either 5 mg/kg body wt (low) or 25 mg/kg body wt (high). Following infusion of ICG blood samples were taken at five, six, eight, ten, 12, 15, 18, and 20 minutes thereafter to determine the ICG concentration. The clearance of ICG at low as well as at high ICG concentration was markedly depressed in the nontreated animals, suggesting that significant depression in hepatic blood flow as well as hepatocellular function was evident even three hours after ischemia. Administration of ATP-MgCl2 following hepatic ischemia, however, resulted in ICG clearance values similar to sham-operated animals when ICG was given at low as well as high concentration. Thus, ATP-MgCl2 treatment following hepatic ischemia not only seemed to restore hepatic blood flow but also active membrane transport toward normal. PMID- 7136942 TI - Effect of intravenous epinephrine on cerebral cortical blood flow, oxygen tension, and high-energy phosphate metabolism after hypoxic hypotension. AB - An experimental model was examined in which rats were subjected to 30 minutes of hemorrhagic hypotension and hypoxia. In addition to resuscitation by infusion of blood and saline and increasing the fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2), the possible beneficial effects of including intravenous epinephrine as part of the resuscitative regimen were studied. Mean arterial pressure, cortical microflow, and brain tissue oxygen tension were increased after epinephrine (P less than 0.05). Cortical ATP concentration was decreased after hypoxic hypotension and failed to improve after epinephrine. PMID- 7136944 TI - The influence of megadose methylprednisolone on experimental myocardial infarct size. AB - Prior work in our laboratory demonstrated a significant reduction of infarct size following early or late administration of 30 mg/kg of methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MP). This study was designed to determine the influence of larger doses of MP on infarct volume. Healthy anesthetized mongrel dogs with similar cardiac anatomy underwent ligation of the distal third of the LAD coronary artery. Following ligation, animals were randomly placed into control or treatment groups. Treated dogs received an IV bolus of either 50 mg/kg MP at 15 minutes (MP-50) or 30 mg/kg MP at 15 minutes and 1 hour later (2MP-30). Animals were then monitored for 6 hours, sacrificed, and the heart removed. The left ventricle was dissected from the heart, weighed, sectioned, and incubated in nitro-blue tetrazolium solution, an LDH stain. Unstained tissue (infarct) was dissected from the slices and weighed, and infarct volume was calculated. Among 20 untreated animals the infarct size was 14.5% +/- 4.3% of the left ventricle. Treatment with 2MP-30 or MP-50 significantly reduced infarct volume to a similar degree (9.1%-9.6%). There was no difference in the effect on infarct size by "megadose" MP compared to previous results with one injection of 30 mg/kg MP. Therefore, the early use of MP at doses above 30 mg/kg confers no additional protection to the ischemic myocardium. PMID- 7136945 TI - The patient with multiple organ system failure: immunologic monitoring. AB - The patient with multiple organ system failure is commonly suffering from the systemic effects of postsurgical or post-traumatic sepsis. An understanding of the role of the systems that mediate infection and produce much of the clinical picture is an important base for management and for future research. The use of the term "immunity" in relation to this process refers to two general response systems, which differ in some important aspects. The so-called cellular immune system, which embodies specific and preprogrammed responses, centers on the various populations of lymphocytes. Although there is considerable knowledge about their functional biology, this is perhaps more relevant to the transplantation and cancer areas than it is to trauma and surgical infection. Conversely, there is less known about the mediator systems, which seem to be more closely involved in the patient with multiple organ system failure. The relatively nonspecific responses of the circulating fixed macrophages, particularly granulocytes and monocytes, together with complement and other opsonins, clearly need considerable further investigation to define their critical role. This review attempts to outline common knowledge about the response systems that mediate systemic and organ failure in sepsis, and it points out certain areas that seem to hold promise for advances in the management of such patients. PMID- 7136946 TI - Respiratory monitoring in acute multiple organ system failure. AB - Respiratory failure is a common sequel to and a major cause of death in patients with multiple organ system injury. Detailed patient care requires monitoring of lung mechanical properties, gas-exchange, and oxygen transport in the blood. Furthermore, early recognition of lung edema, lung infection, or impaired respiratory muscle function may permit therapeutic maneuvers to prevent progressive deterioration of lung function. Unfortunately, each intervention carries with it a significant risk. Consequently, monitoring must include assessment of the adverse effects of oxygen, mechanical ventilation, artificial airways, and intravascular catheters. Shrewd analysis of limited data may commonly be more effective than sophisticated invasive monitoring with its attendant risks. PMID- 7136947 TI - Arteriolar to venular red cell and plasma dispersion in hemorrhage- and endotoxin shocked cats. AB - The passage of red cells is more rapid than for plasma through the microcirculation of most tissues. The effects of hemorrhage (13 ml/kg) and endotoxin (3 mg/kg) on this phenomenon were studied in the exposed mesentery of cats anesthetized with Dial-urethane using epi-illumination fluorescence or transillumination television microscopy. Femoral artery pressure, arteriolar pressure, and arteriolar and venular diameters were measured. FITC-dextran, the plasma label, and DTAF-labeled red cells (DTAF-RBCs) or sulphemoglobin-labeled RBCs (SH-RBCs) were injected as a bolus (0.005 ml in 0.5 seconds) into a small branch of the mesenteric artery at control and after the experimental procedure. Animals were hemorrhaged from the left femoral artery (13 ml/kg) or injected IV with endotoxin. Time-concentration curves were recorded from video tape recordings of the passage of the indicator by videodensitometry for determination of the mean transit times (t). During hemorrhage and endotoxin the arterial pressure decreased significantly as did the arteriolar flow velocity. Following hemorrhage arteriolar and venular diameters and arteriolar pressures decreased significantly. Postendotoxin, arteriolar and venular diameters increased and arteriolar pressures did not decrease significantly. During control the t of labeled red cells was exceeded significantly by those of FITC-dextran in all microvascular segments. Following hemorrhage the t of the two indicators were increased significantly but were not significantly different in the arterioles. However, they were different in the venules. One hour after endotoxin t was significantly increased in all segments and further increased at three hours. However, the labeled red cell values were still exceeded by the FITC-dextran values at both times. It would appear that the differences in t would be abolished by vasoconstriction reducing axial streaming and plasma skimming whereas vasodilation does not change these phenomena. PMID- 7136949 TI - Thoracic duct lymph flow after pancreatitis: role in circulatory collapse. AB - We examined the effects of acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis on thoracic duct lymph flow and its protein concentration. Thoracic duct lymph flow increased and the protein concentration decreased. These changes in the lymph were associated with steady decreases in arterial pressure and cardiac output and increase in systemic vascular resistance. The results suggest that the increased lymph flow and decreased protein concentration were due to either an ultrafiltration causing a dilution of the lymph protein concentration or to the heterogeneous origin of thoracic duct lymph such that redistribution of blood flow to the essential beds (eg, kidneys) after arterial hypotension altered the lymph flow and its protein concentration. The increase in filtration and the absence of a compensatory "autotransfusion" during arterial hypotension may be a mechanism contributing to circulatory shock in acute pancreatitis. PMID- 7136948 TI - Rheology in the microcirculation in normal and low flow states. AB - A brief review is given for the rheological behavior of blood in the microcirculation in normal and low flow states. Blood viscosity increases in low flow conditions because of the decrease in shear stress which normally causes red cell deformation and disaggregation. The low hematocrit found in the microvessels leads to a decrease in apparent blood viscosity and tends to compensate for the high vascular hindrance due to the narrowness of the vessels. The presence of the less deformable white blood cells in the microcirculation causes a retardation of red cell flux and a redistribution of red cells at bifurcations. Elevated hematocrit, in turn, can cause an enhancement of the interaction between white blood cells and the venular endothelium. Adhesion of white blood cells to microvascular endothelium leads to an increase in flow resistance, especially in low flow states. The optimum hematocrit for myocardial oxygen transport and utilization is shifted from near 40% in normal conditions to 25% in hemorrhagic hypotension. These findings indicate that blood rheology in the microcirculation should be considered in analyzing the pathophysiological disturbances in shock and that improvement of microcirculation rheology offers a promising approach in treatment. PMID- 7136950 TI - An evaluation of the functional implications of the intestinal mucosal lesions in shock. AB - Small intestinal mucosal lesions are reported in clinical shock and are commonly found in experimental shock. Experimental series in which shock is induced by regional intestinal ischemia or IV infusion of live Escherichia coli in cats or by graded intestinal vascular occlusion in rats are described. In all series mucosal damage was related to pronounced hypotension or mortality. In the cat models myocardial dysfunction was demonstrated in vivo by IV volume load and recording of changes in left ventricular filling pressure as related to cardiac performance. Following intestinal ischemia in cats and intestinal vascular obstruction in rats the intestinal venous plasma was found to contain cardiotoxic factors when tested in vitro. It is proposed that the development of small intestinal mucosa lesions in shock tends to further aggravate hypotension by causing intestinal release of cardioinhibitory material. PMID- 7136951 TI - Effect of bilateral nephrectomy on plasma fibronectin levels: its influence on acute fibronectin response to trauma and RE blockade. AB - Plasma fibronectin is important to reticuloendothelial (RE) function and resistance to experimental shock. However, the factors that regulate its level have remained undefined. The present study evaluated the concept that the kidneys may play a role in the modulation of plasma fibronectin levels. Immunoreactive and opsonically active fibronectin in blood over a 28-hour period following bilateral nephrectomy was assessed in male rats (250-350 gm) by electroimmunoassay, peritoneal macrophage monolayer assay, and liver slice bioassay. Controls consisted of sham-operated rats. An acute 25%-30% fibronectin deficiency was detected within the initial 1-2 hours posttrauma in both experimental and control rats. Thereafter, a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in immunoreactive fibronectin developed by 24 hours which was much greater after bilateral nephrectomy as compared to controls (P less than 0.05). With the peritoneal macrophage assay or with the liver slice assay, the plasma or serum from bilateral nephrectomized rats has greater opsonic activity as compared to controls. This corresponded to increased hepatic RE phagocytic function in vivo after nephrectomy. In the 24-hour postnephrectomized rats, fibronectin decreased acutely after RE blockade or traumatic shock (NCD) indicating it was biologically active. These data suggest that the kidneys may participate in regulating the blood level of this protein, which has a role in reticuloendothelial system function and shock resistance. PMID- 7136952 TI - [Prognosis of asphyxia in newborn and premature infants]. PMID- 7136953 TI - [Pathophysiology of perinatal brain damage with special reference to sequelae in the developmental prognosis in children]. PMID- 7136954 TI - [Performances in short time memory and memory of epileptic children]. PMID- 7136955 TI - Cimetidine increases the neuromuscular blocking activity of aminoglycoside antibiotics. PMID- 7136956 TI - Copper and ceruloplasmin (Cp) concentrations during the acute inflammatory process in the rat. AB - We have measured the concentration of copper and ceruloplasmin in serum of rats with carrageenan foot-oedema and in serum and exudate of rats with carrageenan pleurisy. Both serum copper and ceruloplasmin were found to increase in both models of inflammation. In these experimental conditions we have shown a strong positive correlation between copper and ceruloplasmin, in the serum of both normal and inflamed rats. PMID- 7136957 TI - An analysis of piroxicam in rodent models of arthritis. AB - Piroxicam, a potent, long acting non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, was tested in several rodent models of arthritis to assess further the possible mechanisms underlying its anti-inflammatory action. Piroxicam inhibited rat adjuvant disease and its associated manifestations, which include erosion of bone and cartilage (as evidenced by X-ray examination), soft tissue swelling and disease-induced weight loss. Piroxicam also inhibited the edema, the total leukocyte infiltration and the mononuclear cell infiltration into the carrageenan-injected pleural cavity of the rat. The possible relationship of these effects to the clinical activity of piroxicam is discussed. PMID- 7136958 TI - Comparative effects of benoxaprofen and other anti-inflammatory drugs on bone damage in the adjuvant arthritic rat. AB - Benoxaprofen, a new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent recently marketed as an an antirheumatic drug, has been reported to suppress leucocyte migration into inflammatory sites, possibly by its reported inhibition of leukotriene synthesis. Benoxaprofen is also a weak to moderate inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis. The effect of benoxaprofen was examined on adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats by radiographic assessment of bone damage. The effect of benoxaprofen was compared to other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, considered to act primarily by the inhibition of synthesis and/or release of prostaglandins. Drugs were administered from the 15th to the 30th day after induction of the adjuvant disease ('established adjuvant'). Radiographs of adjuvant rats showed extensive bone damage that was markedly suppressed by 30-40 mg/kg of benoxaprofen. Benoxaprofen exerted a dose-related inhibition of bone damage. There was less suppression of bone damage by comparable doses of phenylbutazone, oxyphenbutazone, ibuprofen, fenbufen, naproxen, tolectin and sulindac. Indomethacin, piroxicam and flurbiprofen were nearly as effective but only in doses that produced adverse effects or death in rats. Benoxaprofen may modify the progression of the experimental arthritic disease through a suppression of leucocyte migration. PMID- 7136959 TI - Antiulcer activities of D-penicillamine copper complexes. PMID- 7136960 TI - Epochal trace elements and evolution. AB - The use of some trace elements by plants and animals during the evolutionary process has resulted in epochal changes. Noteworthy is the fact that plants (but not animals) needed boron in order to grow stems and roots as they left the seas and became anchored on land. Iodine is plentiful in sea water but rare on land. Therefore, the iodination of tyrosine provided an iodine transport mechanism which allowed for the metamorphosis and the development of warm bloodedness--a great evolutionary advantage. Zinc from clay was needed for the formation of the first primitive nucleic acids and, later, the presence of zinc in the retina provide the enhanced night vision of the nocturnal predators--a natural advantage. Hence, boron, iodine and zinc can be termed epochal trace elements. Inquiry should be directed towards the possible roles of other trace elements, which may have been epochal in evolution. PMID- 7136961 TI - [Morphological effects of cytochalasin B and colchichine on cultured retinal pigment epithelium]. PMID- 7136962 TI - [Aromatic amino acid composition of calf lens gamma crystallin: effects of conformation in near ultraviolet wavelength (Table 1)]. PMID- 7136963 TI - [Histological findings of corneal tumor in Goldenhar syndrome]. PMID- 7136964 TI - [A study of visual learning gain by means of VEPs. 2. Variation of late components in patients with organic or functional disease of the brain or optic nerve]. PMID- 7136965 TI - [The corneal endothelial cell of ocular hypertension]. PMID- 7136966 TI - [Application of Fourier analysis to the smooth pursuit eye movements in normal subjects and spino-cerebellar degeneration]. PMID- 7136967 TI - [Effects of aging on electrooculography in normal eyes]. PMID- 7136968 TI - [Heterogeneity of human cataractous lens gamma L1 crystallin: amino acid composition of the 8 gamma L1 subfractions]. PMID- 7136969 TI - [Amino acid composition of the main six gamma H crystallin subfractions obtained from human normal lens]. PMID- 7136970 TI - [Spectral and fluorescent studies of water soluble fractions on cataractous human lens]. PMID- 7136971 TI - [Effect of pH on the bioavailability of pilocarpine in the human eye]. PMID- 7136972 TI - [Peripheral iridectomy and trabeculectomy for primary chronic angle-closure glaucoma]. PMID- 7136973 TI - [Keratomycosis in Japan reported from 1976 to 1980]. PMID- 7136975 TI - [Basic study on pars plana vitrectomy. Part 2. Electron-microscopic study of the effect on the blood-ocular barrier of the monkey eyes using horseradish peroxidase tracer technique]. PMID- 7136974 TI - [Studies on seven cases of general fibrosis syndrome. Anatomical anomaly of the extraocular muscles and their surgical correction]. PMID- 7136976 TI - [Projections of extraocular muscle afferents to visual cortex in the cat. I. Cell types in visual cortex responsible for afferent impulses evoked by oculomotor nerve stimulation]. PMID- 7136977 TI - [Congenital nystagmus--effects of surgery]. PMID- 7136978 TI - Genetic aspects of deafness: understanding the counseling process. PMID- 7136979 TI - Genetic counseling in a school for the deaf: a pilot program. PMID- 7136980 TI - General American speech and phonic symbols. PMID- 7136981 TI - School science programs for hearing-impaired students. PMID- 7136982 TI - Vision: its assessment in school-age deaf children. PMID- 7136983 TI - The selection of competencies for certifying teachers in hearing disabilities in Florida. PMID- 7136984 TI - Phonetics curriculum development and implementation for the deaf university student. PMID- 7136985 TI - Microcomputers are "macrocontributors" to special education programs. PMID- 7136986 TI - From the clinic: "THE SHOES"--runners beware. PMID- 7136987 TI - Post vibratory effects on fractionated patellar and Achilles reflex times. PMID- 7136988 TI - Corrective therapy for aging psychiatric patients in Veterans Administration hospitals. PMID- 7136989 TI - Rehabilitation of patients following lower extremity amputation: an analysis of baseline, process and outcome. PMID- 7136990 TI - Decreased incidence of antiarrhythmic drug efficacy at electrophysiologic study associated with the use of a third extrastimulus. AB - Drug trials during electrophysiologic study were performed in 166 patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation. In the first 21 patients (group I), a maximum of two extrastimuli was used. In 145 subsequent patients (group II), drug efficacy was assessed using three extrastimuli if one or two failed to induce VT. The incidence of acute drug efficacy was 15 of 21 (71%) in group I, but only 44 of 145 (30%) in group II (p less than 0.01). To assess the influence of the third extrastimulus on the differing incidence of acute drug efficacy, we examined the 69 group II patients whose VT was initially induced by one or two extrastimuli. Acutely effective agents were identified for 19 of these 69 patients using up to three extrastimuli to define efficacy. In 24 of te 50 patients for whom no effective drug could be found, VT was induced with one or two extrastimuli during all drug trials. In the remaining 26 patients VT could be induced after drug administration only with use of three extrastimuli. If efficacy had been defined using a maximum of two extrastimuli, these 26 patients would have been considered responsive to drug testing. Overall, 45 to 69 (65%) rather than 19 of 69 (28%) would have had a favorable response (p less than 0.001). Fourteen group I patients and 17 group II patients in whom VT was initially induced by one or two extrastimuli received chronic therapy with agents predicted effective during acute drug trials. At 18 months, the cumulative percent of patients free of arrhythmia recurrence by actuarial analysis was 79 +/ 14% in group I and 80 +/- 14% in group II (NS). Use of three extrastimuli during drug trials is associated with a lower incidence of acute drug efficacy. Limited data suggest that prophylaxis against VT induction by three, rather than two, extrastimuli may not be a stronger predictor of chronic efficacy in patients whose VT is initially induced by one or two extrastimuli. Further study is needed to identify optimal pacing methods for antiarrhythmic drug assessment. PMID- 7136991 TI - Beneficial hemodynamic effects of intravenous terbutaline in patients with severe heart failure. AB - The hemodynamic effects of terbutaline infusion at rates of 0.15, 0.3, and 0.45 micrograms/kg/min were studied and compared in eight patients with severe heart failure. Terbutaline infusion at 0.15 micrograms/kg/min infusion produced insignificant effects at 30 minutes. At 0.3 micrograms/kg/min infusion highly significant beneficial hemodynamic effects were observed: at 60 minutes cardiac index increased from 1.79 +/- 0.38 to 3.60 +/- 0.96 (mean +/- SD) L/min/m2 (p less than 0.0001) and stroke volume index increased from 20.1 +/- 6.2 to 36.7 +/- 13.1 ml/beat/m2 (p less than 0.0001); mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure fell from 27.5 +/0- 5.5 to 18.5 +/- 5.7 mm Hg (p less than 0.0001); systemic vascular resistance fell from 2624 +/- 586 to 1455 +/- 500 dynes . sec . cm-5/m2 (p less than 0.0001); and pulmonary vascular resistance fell from 248 +/- 84 to 150 +/- 70 dynes . sec . cm-5/m2 (p less than 0.0005). Mean arterial pressure and O2 uptake did not change significantly; however, mean heart rate increased from 93.4 +/- 22 to 103.1 +/- 26 bpm (p less than 0.005) and plasma potassium fell from 3.86 +/- 0.14 to 3.12 +/ 0.23 mEq/L (p less than 0.05). The 0.45 micrograms/kg/min infusion at 30 minutes produced no greater hemodynamic changes than that from 0.3 micrograms/kg/min. Our study suggests that intravenous terbutaline produces beneficial effects and may be useful in the acute management of severe heart failure. PMID- 7136993 TI - Right and left ventricular response to subcutaneous terbutaline in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: radionuclide angiographic assessment of cardiac size and function. AB - To assess the response of the right and left ventricles to the subcutaneous administration of terbutaline sulfate, a beta-2 selective agonist, we evaluated 14 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with equilibrium radionuclide angiography (RNA). Prior to injection, eight patients (57%) had an abnormal right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF), four (29%) had a low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and three (21%) had low ejection fractions of both ventricles. After terbutaline injection, RVEF increased in 13 of 14 patients (93%) by 17 +/- 8% (p less than 0.001) while LVEF increased in all patients by 15 +/- 7% (p less than 0.001). Both left and right ventricular end diastolic volumes decreased (p less than 0.01), while stroke volume was unchanged. Cardiac output rose by 0.8 +/- 1.3 L/min (p less than 0.05), primarily due to the increase in heart rate (10 bpm, p less than 0.001), since stroke volume did not significantly change. We conclude that in patients with COPD subcutaneous terbutaline has significant beta-1 cardiac effects; it increases the heart rate and decreases cardiac size. PMID- 7136992 TI - Improvement in cardiac performance by oral long-acting theophylline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - Although oral theophylline is a widely used bronchodilator in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), its effects upon cardiac performance have not been fully established. The effect of slow release oral theophylline upon right ventricular and left ventricular ejection fraction was evaluated using first-pass quantitative radionuclide angiocardiography in 15 patients with COPD. After 72 hours of therapy, oral theophylline significantly increased right ventricular ejection fraction (42% to 48%, p less than 0.005). In 7 of 10 patients with depressed baseline right ventricular performance, including two with cor pulmonale, right ventricular ejection fraction normalized (greater than or equal to 45%). After long-term therapy, an average of 16 weeks, right ventricular fraction also increased (43% to 48%, p less than 0.005). Left ventricular ejection fraction improved significantly from 64% to 68% (p less than 0.05) at 72 hours and from 61% to 65% (p less than 0.025) after long-term therapy. These data indicate that oral theophylline produces a sustained modest enhancement of resting biventricular performance in COPD. PMID- 7136994 TI - Evaluation of automated blood pressure measurements during exercise testing. AB - Measurements of systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure were made at rest and during symptom-limited exercise with an automated blood pressure measuring device (EBPM). Comparisons were made between the EBPM readings and those made with mercury manometer. Correlations were high (SBP r = 0.92, DBP r = 0.80) when readings were made in the same arm, but were less satisfactory when the cuffs were on different arms (SBP r = 0.80, DBP r = 0.46). The correlation between two mercury manometer readings was SBP r = 0.90, and DBP r = 0.75. Comparison between EBPM and intra-arterial measurements were similar (SBP r = 0.74, DBP r = 0.79) to comparison between mercury manometer and intra-arterial measurements (SBP r = 0.81, DBP r = 0.61). The EBPM detected SBP at consistently higher levels than did physicians, which may be an advantage in the noisy environment of an exercise test. There was a definite tendency for physicians to record blood pressure to the nearest 10 mm Hg, whereas the frequency distribution curve for EBPM measurements was smoother. The EBPM operated satisfactorily at rest and during maximal exercise and gave as reliable measurements as a physician using a mercury manometer and, in the small number of available cases, detected exertional hypotension more often than the physician. PMID- 7136995 TI - Etiologic aspects of coagulopathy in Takayasu's aortitis. AB - Sixteen patients with Takayasu's aortitis were studied to evaluate the significance of coagulopathy in the etiology. In the initial stage of the disease (three cases) characterized by severe inflammatory symptoms with aortic lesions localized in the thoracic portion, marked hyperfibrinogenemia, and hypofibrinolytic activity of the plasma were observed. In the intermediate stage (five cases) characterized by moderate inflammation and aortic lesions expanded into thoracic and abdominal portions, hyperfibrinogenemia and hypofibrinolytic activity were also seen; in three of these cases, hypercoagulability was evident because of the presence of fibrinogen derivatives having gamma-gamma-diads in the plasma. When the inflammation subsided after the establishment of aortic lesions, the end-stage (eight cases), hyperfibrinolytic activity with normal plasma fibrinogen was observed. It is suggested that hypercoagulability may be in response to the arterial disease and may possibly play a part in the development of this disorder. PMID- 7136996 TI - Ventricular diastolic pressure-volume relations after the intra-atrial baffle operation for transposition of the great arteries. AB - Right and left ventricular diastolic pressure-volume (P-V) relations were assessed in 30 patients approximately 2 years after the Mustard operation. The overall distensibility index (delta V/ delta P), the compliance index at end diastole (dv/dp), and the modulus of ventricular stiffness (Kp) were calculated in all, as well as the half-time of early diastolic pressure fall (T) in 10 cases. Transducer-tipped catheters were used in 15 patients and biplane cineangiography was employed in all. Values for the above indices equal to 2 standard deviations below the mean, obtained from five postoperative Mustard patients with no residual defects, were used as "normals." Seven patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) and six with pulmonic stenosis (PS) were found to have impaired P-V relations. The impairment was more profound in the PH group. Delta v/delta p and dv/dp were abnormal in six of seven patients for both ventricles and T was abnormal in two of five. Kp was abnormal for the LV, and the RV ejection fraction was diminished. In the PS group (nine patients) the impairment was milder, affecting more than LV and end-diastole (dv/dp). Compliance studies might be useful in patients with LV afterload problems following the Mustard operation. PMID- 7136997 TI - Superiority of selected treadmill exercise protocols predischarge and six weeks postinfarction for detecting ischemic abnormalities. AB - We evaluated 29 uncomplicated post-myocardial infarction patients with heart rate limited and symptom-limited modified Naughton treadmill exercise tests predischarge and 31 similar patients with symptom-limited modified Naughton and standard Bruce stress tests at 6 weeks following infarction to determine their comparative value for detecting unsuspected ischemic abnormalities. Predischarge, the symptom-limited modified Naughton test identified a significantly greater number of patients with ECG ST segment depression or angina than did the heart rate-limited test (21 vs 13 patients, p less than 0.05). This resulted from a significantly longer average maximal exercise duration (10.5 +/- 4.9 vs 7.9 +/- 4.2 minutes, P less than 0.001) and higher maximal rate-pressure product (21.9 +/ 5.8 vs 19.2 +/- 4.6 X 10(3), p less than 0.001) during the symptom-limited test. At 6 weeks following infarction, the standard Bruce stress test identified a significantly higher frequency of ischemic abnormalities than did the symptom limited modified Naughton test (20 vs 13 patients, p less than 0.05). This resulted from a higher average maximal rate-pressure product (23.1 +/- 7.3 vs 21.0 +/- 6.2 X 10(3), p less than 0.02), despite a shorter maximal exercise duration (6.9 +/- 1.2 vs 10.7 +/- 4.4 minutes, p less than 0.001) during the Bruce stress test. We conclude that: (1) symptom-limited exercise is superior to heart rate-limited exercise predischarge and (2) the standard Bruce stress test is superior to the symptom-limited modified Naughton exercise test at 6 weeks following infarction for the detection of unsuspected ischemic abnormalities in uncomplicated postinfarction patients. PMID- 7136998 TI - Relative sensitivity of echocardiography and systolic time intervals for assessing acute positive inotropic interventions in normal human subjects. AB - The relative ability of M-mode echocardiography (EC) and systolic time intervals (STIs) to quantify acute positive inotropic interventions (PI) concurrently validated by hemodynamic measurements is unknown. Thus we studied the response of eight patients with normal coronary arteriography and LV function to successive incremental infusions of dobutamine (D-1, D-2) during cardiac catheterization. During D-1 with heart rate, arterial pressure and LV end-diastolic pressure unchanged, dP/dt max increased 65% (p less than or equal to 0.001), QS2 decreased 12% (p less than or equal to 0.01), PEP decreased 24% (p less than or equal to 0.01), LVET and PEP/LVET were not significantly changed, while EC %delta D and mean Vcf increased by 22% and 33% (both p less than or equal to 0.01). During D-2 with heart rate increased (increases 33%, p less than or equal to 0.001), EC Vcf (increases 66%, p less than or equal to 0.01) and PEP (decreases 33%, p less than or equal to 0.001) exhibited the greatest changes of the noninvasive parameters. The observed decreases in QS2 and LVET but not PEP were considerably attenuated after normalization for heart rate. Our data suggest: (1) echo and STIs are complementary in assessing PI; (2) PEP is more sensitive than QS2 in quantitating PI, particularly when large increases in contractile enhancement have occurred; and (3) both noninvasive techniques are less sensitive than dP/dt in detecting positive inotropic action. PMID- 7136999 TI - Circulatory control mechanisms in vasodepressor syncope. PMID- 7137000 TI - Surgical excision of automatic atrial tachycardia: anatomic and electrophysiologic correlates. PMID- 7137001 TI - Ambulatory electrocardiography in the assessment of pacemaker function. PMID- 7137003 TI - Supraventricular tachycardia associated with nodoventricular and concealed atrioventricular bypass tracts. PMID- 7137004 TI - Transient atrial dissociation due to digitalis toxicity. PMID- 7137002 TI - Sustained ventricular tachycardia due to bundle branch reentry. PMID- 7137006 TI - Ischemic and postischemic ventricular wall motion abnormalities in Prinzmetal's angina provoked by hyperventilation. PMID- 7137007 TI - Infradiaphragmatic total anomalous pulmonary venous connection in siblings. PMID- 7137005 TI - Diagnosis of tricuspid regurgitation by radionuclide angiography. PMID- 7137008 TI - Symptomatic venous thrombosis of the upper extremity complicating permanent transvenous pacing: reversal with streptokinase infusion. PMID- 7137009 TI - ECG changes in early stage of magnesium deficiency. PMID- 7137010 TI - Amiodarone--benefits and risks in perspective. PMID- 7137011 TI - Coronary spasm, coronary thrombosis, and myocardial infarction: a hypothesis concerning the pathophysiology of acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7137012 TI - Assessment of regurgitant fraction and right and left ventricular function at rest and during exercise: a new technique for determination of right ventricular stroke counts from gated equilibrium blood pool studies. AB - Calculation of accurate stroke count ratios for the assessment of valvular regurgitation from equilibrium blood pool images has been difficult and did not permit computation of regurgitant fractions (RF) because of contamination of right ventricular (RV) stroke counts by right atrial activity. We describe a new approach to correct for this contamination by subtracting one half of the right atrial counts from the RV counts, assuming that in the standard or "modified" left anterior oblique projection commonly used about one half of the right atrial activity is superimposed to the RV. This new method was tested in 20 patients without valvular disease or shunts. Left ventricular (LV) to RV stroke count ratio approached unity (1.01 +/- 0.14). RV ejection fractions (EF) derived by this technique agreed well with those obtained by gated first-pass studies recorded in the right anterior oblique projection. In 9 normals and 17 patients with moderate severe or severe aortic (12 patients or mitral (7 patients) regurgitation, LVEF, RVEF, and RF were determined at rest and maximum exercise. In patients at rest, LVEF (56.0 +/- 6.4%) and RVEF (49.0 +/- 7.3%) did not differ significantly from LVEF (59.6 +/- 4.2%) and RVEF (52.5 +/- 6.4%) in normals. The calculated RF was negligible in normals (1.9 +/- 8.6%), but averaged 51.8 +/- 9.8% in patients with valvular disease. During exercise, LVEF fell significantly (p less than 0.001) to 44.1 +/- 7.2% in patients but increased to 70.5 +/- 3.8% in normals. RVEF increased in aortic regurgitation to 64.5 +/- 9.8% (NS to normals) but fell in mitral regurgitation to 36.6 +/- 5.9% (p greater than 0.001). In both patient subsets RF decreased with exercise to 25.4 +/- 15.0% in aortic and 39.1 +/- 12.7% in mitral regurgitation. The results indicate that this new approach permits assessment of RVEF and RF from gated equilibrium blood pool studies and is suitable to evaluate the hemodynamic response to physiologic and therapeutic interventions in patients with valvular regurgitation. PMID- 7137013 TI - Early diagnosis of nontransmural myocardial infarction by two-dimensional echocardiography. AB - Thirty patients with chest pain syndromes were studied on admission by two dimensional echocardiography (2DE) to confirm or exclude acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Twelve patients suffered nontransmural AMI and 18 patients had no AMI. There was no significant difference between these groups in background characteristics. 2DE studies were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The most sensitive and specific technique for detecting AMI was qualitative analysis, using the presence of severe hypokinesis as the criterion for an abnormal study. Using this technique, 10 of 12 patients (83%) with AMI and all 18 patients (100%) without AMI were correctly identified. This analysis technique was highly reproducible. These data indicate that in patients with chest pain syndromes without diagnostic ECG findings of AMI, 2DE may provide a rapid, sensitive, specific tool to aid in the establishment of the correct diagnosis. In patients with nontransmural AMI, the presence of severe hypokinesis appears to be the best discriminator of myocardial infarction. PMID- 7137014 TI - Postoperative supraventricular arrhythmias and the role of prophylactic digoxin in cardiac surgery. AB - A prospective study of 182 patients undergoing cardiac surgery was performed. The patients were divided into three groups. Group I consisted of 83 patients who had never been treated with digitalis. Group II comprised 59 patients who were taking digoxin before operation and had medication discontinued 24 to 48 hours prior to surgery; they did not receive maintenance digoxin in the postoperative periods. Group III was made up of 40 patients who were given prophylactic digoxin in the perioperative period; none had taken digoxin before. Sixty of 83 group I patients (72%) and two of the group III patients (5%) developed postoperative supraventricular tachyarrhythmia. Digoxin was reinstituted in 56 of group II patients (95%) for supraventricular arrhythmia and/or heart failure. Of the various factors evaluated, only valvular surgery and ECG evidence of myocardial infarction were associated with postoperative supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. PMID- 7137015 TI - Combined exercise radionuclide and hemodynamic evaluation of left ventricular aneurysmectomy. AB - Twelve patients were studied by rest and exercise radionuclide ventriculography following left ventricular aneurysmectomy (LVA). Left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP) was also measured. Nine patients had been studied pre-LVA at rest and exercise before and after isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN). Resting ejection fraction (LVEF) improved after LVA (p less than 0.25), but exercise LVEF did not. End-diastolic volume (EDV) and resting LVFP also fell after LVA (p less than 0.25 for EDV, p less than 0.05 for LVFP) and although exercise LVFP fell (p less than 0.02), the values were abnormal in all patients. Ejection fraction of contractile segment (EFCS) from the resting radionuclide study pre-LVA was related to resting LVEF post-LVA (r = 0.71 p less than 0.02), although postoperative LVEF could not be predicted from preoperative EFCS in individual patients. Deterioration in LVEF and LVFP from rest to exercise post-LVA occurred both in patients with single vessel occlusion and in those with multivessel coronary disease, irrespective of whether or not revascularization had been performed. Thus LVA is effective in improving resting ventricular function; exercise performance may remain abnormal even in patients without residual coronary disease. PMID- 7137016 TI - Electrophysiologic effects of chronic amiodarone therapy in patients with ventricular arrhythmias. AB - Detailed electrophysiologic studies were performed in nine patients with chronic refractory ventricular arrhythmias before and after 7 to 20 weeks (mean 11 weeks) of amiodarone therapy. The amiodarone dose at the time of the repeat study ranged from 400 to 800 mg/day. The drug reduced the sinus rate (p less than 0.001) and prolonged the sinoatrial conduction time (p less than 0.05) with some prolongation of the corrected sinus node recovery time. Intra-atrial conduction was slightly prolonged both in sinus rhythm and during atrial pacing. Anterograde conduction through the AV node was significantly prolonged both in sinus rhythm (p = 0.001) and during atrial pacing (p less than 0.005), and Wenckebach AV block was seen at significantly lower atrial pacing rates after the drug (p less than 0.005). The HV interval was prolonged both in sinus rhythm (p less than 0.05) and during atrial pacing (p = 0.001), and so was the QRS width during atrial pacing (p less than 0.005) and the QT interval in sinus rhythm (p less than 0.005) and during atrial pacing (p less than 0.005). Significant prolongation of the refractory periods in the atrium, AV node, and ventricular muscle were also seen following the drug. We concluded that the significant electrophysiologic effects of this drug throughout the heart during chronic oral use attest to its clinical effectiveness in patients with atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. With due care and despite its effects on the HV interval and QRS width, it can be used in patients with intraventricular conduction defects complicating severe organic heart disease. PMID- 7137018 TI - Pharmacy and health care in India. PMID- 7137017 TI - Effects of antiarrhythmic surgery on late ventricular potentials recorded by precordial signal averaging in patients with ventricular tachycardia. AB - In seven patients with documented ventricular tachycardia (VT) and prior myocardial infarction, late potentials (LP) were recorded at the end of or after the QRS complex from the body surface using high-gain amplification and the signal averaging technique (RC filter settings 100 to 300 Hz). In 6 to 7 patients VT could be initiated by programmed right ventricular stimulation; in one case, VT was inducible only from the left ventricle during surgery. Surgery was guided by epi- and endocardial mapping. In most cases besides resection of scar tissue, a partial or complete subendocardial encircling ventriculotomy was performed. Postoperatively, LPs were abolished in five cases, VT being no longer inducible. In the remaining two patients, LPs were still present. VT was still inducible in one of these two cases whereas in the other case, no programmed testing was done postoperatively. These data suggest that the abolition of LPs by surgery is closely related to the disappearance of the propensity to stimulus-induced VT. Thus, the averaging technique represents a new approach to the noninvasive control of the efficacy of surgery in patients with VT and prior myocardial infarction. PMID- 7137019 TI - Choosing the right medicine in India. PMID- 7137020 TI - Pharmaceutical education in India. PMID- 7137021 TI - Hospital pharmacy in transition. An interview with ASHP's Joseph A. Oddis. PMID- 7137023 TI - Unemployment among pharmacists. PMID- 7137022 TI - A new look at smoking. PMID- 7137024 TI - Substance-induced organic mental disorders. PMID- 7137025 TI - Constrictive pericarditis: new aspects. AB - The current status of constrictive pericarditis is reviewed with regard to its etiology, physical signs, electrocardiographic findings, and hemodynamic features. Angiographic aspects are also presented. The role and limitations of M mode echocardiography in this disease are emphasized. The value of other noninvasive studies such as measurement of systolic time intervals, myocardial scanning, and high-speed echocardiography is described. Emphasis is placed on the invasive and noninvasive methods that may be useful in separating restrictive cardiomyopathy from constrictive pericarditis. Methods of treatment, indications for pericardial resection, and the current operative results are commented on briefly. PMID- 7137026 TI - Echocardiographic study of right ventricular wall motion in cardiac tamponade. PMID- 7137027 TI - Two-dimensional echocardiographic findings in cardiac trauma. AB - Cardiac contusion is a potentially fatal complication of blunt chest trauma. The diagnosis is obscured because cardiac contusion usually occurs in a setting of multisystem trauma. Furthermore, the electrocardiographic changes are nonspecific. Experience with 2-dimensional echocardiography in evaluating cardiac trauma has not previously been emphasized. This report examines the results of 2 dimensional echocardiographic examinations in 7 patients after significant blunt chest trauma. Generalized right ventricular dilatation was identified in 4 cases; superimposed segmental areas of right ventricular dilatation occurred in 3. Three patients had localized myocardial thinning, and segmental wall motion abnormalities occurred in 2. Additional abnormalities identified included ventricular thrombi (4 right and 1 left ventricular), fibrinous pericardial effusion (1), ruptured tricuspid chordae with flail leaflet (1), and a small aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva (1). It is concluded that 2-dimensional echocardiography is useful for diagnosing cardiac contusion, for estimating the extent of myocardial damage, and for identifying accompanying cardiac lesions such as thrombi, pericardial effusion, and valvular disruption. PMID- 7137028 TI - Assessment of left ventricular relaxation in patients with valvular regurgitation. PMID- 7137029 TI - Detection of mild aortic regurgitation by range-gated pulsed Doppler echocardiograhy. AB - In order to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the range-gated pulsed Doppler echocardiogram for the detection of aortic regurgitation, a study with use of this technique was carried out in 46 patients. They were classified into 3 groups: Group I was composed of 19 patients with a variety of heart diseases but with a competent aortic valve. Cardiac catheterization revealed no aortic regurgitation in any of the 19 patients, and the Doppler echocardiogram detected no turbulent diastolic flow in the left ventricular outflow tract. Group II was composed of 17 patients who clinically and by auscultation had aortic regurgitation, which was confirmed by cardiac catheterization in 6. In all 17 patients the Doppler echocardiogram detected several grades of turbulent diastolic flow compatible with aortic regurgitation in the left ventricular outflow tract. Group III was composed of 10 patients with aortic regurgitation but without the expected clinical or auscultatory evidence. The echocardiogram detected mitral valve flutter in only 1 patient. Cardiac catheterization revealed aortic regurgitation graded 1/4 and 2/4 in 9 patients, and the patient who did not undergo catheterization had a murmur of aortic insufficiency 6 months later. In all 10 patients the Doppler echocardiogram detected a regurgitating turbulent flow compatible with aortic regurgitation in the left ventricular outflow tract. It is concluded that the Doppler echocardiogram was more useful than auscultation and echocardiography for the detection of mild aortic regurgitation. In this study the range-gated pulsed Doppler echocardiogram proved 100% sensitive and specific. However, it will be necessary to study larger groups in order to assess its utility in more complicated conditions (obesity, emphysema, and heart failure) and the differential diagnosis with other diastolic murmurs. PMID- 7137030 TI - Large V waves in the pulmonary wedge pressure tracing in the absence of mitral regurgitation. PMID- 7137031 TI - Pregnancy in patients with a porcine valve bioprosthesis. AB - Seven patients who became pregnant after valve replacement with a Hancock bioprosthesis were followed up during 8 pregnancies. Six had undergone isolated mitral valve replacement, and 1 had mitral and aortic valve replacement. Their age at the time of operation ranged from 14 to 31 years (average 24); delivery occurred 21 to 88 months (average 51.3) after valve replacement. All women were in sinus rhythm at the time of gestation, and administration of oral anticoagulants was avoided in all. No embolic episodes occurred either after operation or during pregnancy, labor, or puerperium. The only major complication during pregnancy was cardiac failure in 1 patient, associated with onset of atrial fibrillation. Four women had vaginal delivery and 3 required cesarean section. All but 1 delivered a normal, healthy baby. One premature infant died soon after birth because of respiratory distress. No maternal or fetal hemorrhagic complications were observed. One patient died 3 months after delivery in severe heart failure caused by diffuse calcification of both mitral and aortic xenografts. Another women underwent successful reoperation soon after the second pregnancy because of calcific stenosis of the mitral porcine valve. It is concluded that (1) bioprosthetic valves can be considered the most suitable devices employed in women of childbearing age because anticoagulants can be avoided, therefore eliminating the risks related to inappropriate administration of oral anticoagulants as well as the hazards associated with the potential teratogenic effect of coumarin drugs; and (2) pregnancy might favor calcification of porcine heterografts, leading to bioprosthetic failure. Until further data are available to support this suspicion, close clinical and echocardiographic follow up study of these patients is recommended after pregnancy. PMID- 7137032 TI - Electrophysiologic drug testing in patients with malignant ventricular arrhythmias: importance of stimulation at more than one ventricular site. AB - Sixty-four patients with symptomatic ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation underwent right ventricular apical programmed stimulation and had no inducible ventricular tachycardia during drug testing. Thirty patients (Group I) did not undergo left ventricular stimulation. Left ventricular stimulation in 38 drug trials induced no ventricular tachycardia in 50% (Group IIA), nonsustained ventricular tachycardia in 24% (Group IIC). Patients in Groups I, IIA, and IIB received chronic antiarrhythmic drug therapy based on the results of electrophysiologic drug testing. Patients in Group IIC underwent further drug testing until sustained ventricular tachycardia was no longer inducible and were then entered into Group IIA or IIB; 4 patients in whom the induction of sustained ventricular tachycardia could not be suppressed by any drug regimen tested were excluded from long-term follow-up. The duration of follow-up (mean +/- standard deviation) was 15.8 +/- 1.5 months in Group I, 13.6 +/- 3.7 months in Group IIA, and 12.1 +/- 4.9 months in Group IIB. Recurrence rates of symptomatic ventricular tachycardia or sudden death were 27% in Group I, 0% in Group IIA, and 20% in Group IIB (p less than 0.02 for Group IIA versus Group I and p greater than 0.05 versus Group IIB). If only right ventricular apical stimulation is performed during electrophysiologic drug testing in patients with malignant ventricular arrhythmias, approximately 50% of drug trials may be incorrectly judged as suppressing the induction of ventricular tachycardia. Drug therapy that suppresses ventricular tachycardia induction with both right and left ventricular programmed stimulation results in a significantly better clinical response than therapy based on the results of only right ventricular apical stimulation. PMID- 7137033 TI - Electrophysiologic study for ventricular arrhythmia: effect on total and myocardial-specific creatine kinase activity. AB - To determine the potential for myocardial injury during electrophysiologic study for ventricular arrhythmia, total creatine kinase and creatine kinase B-subunit enzyme activity were serially measured after the procedure in 24 patients. During electrophysiologic study 14 of the 24 patients had sustained ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation, 4 patients had nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, and 6 patients had no ventricular arrhythmia induced. Cardioversion was necessary because of hemodynamic collapse in 9 of the 14 patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. Coronary heart disease was present in 14 of the 24 patients, in 9 of the 14 with sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation, and in 7 of the 9 patients requiring cardioversion. Total creatine kinase was modestly elevated (greater than twice baseline or greater than normal, or both) 24 hours after electrophysiologic study in 10 (42%) of the patients. Electrophysiologic study with or without the induction of ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation was not associated with increased creatine kinase B-subunit activity even in patients with coronary heart disease. PMID- 7137034 TI - Lack of effectiveness of oral mexiletine in patients with drug-refractory paroxysmal sustained ventricular tachycardia. A study utilizing programmed stimulation. PMID- 7137035 TI - Use of procainamide in patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome to disclose a short refractory period of the accessory pathway. AB - Like ajmaline, procainamide can be used to identify patients with the Wolff Parkinson-White syndrome who have a short refractory period of the accessory pathway in an anterograde direction. Procainamide given intravenously in a maximal dose of 10 mg/kg body weight over a 5 minute period during sinus rhythm produced complete anterograde block in the accessory pathway in 20 of 39 patients. An electrophysiologic investigation performed 24 to 48 hours later revealed that in 19 of the 20 patients the effective refractory period of the accessory pathway was 270 ms or greater. In 18 of the 19 patients not exhibiting anterograde block in the accessory pathway, the refractory period was less than 270 ms. When ajmaline was compared with procainamide in the same patients, 100 mg of procainamide had approximately the same effect as 10 mg of ajmaline. The use of intravenous procainamide is a reliable and rapid method of identifying patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome who may be at risk for circulatory insufficiency or sudden death in case of atrial fibrillation. PMID- 7137036 TI - Electrophysiologic effects of flecainide acetate in patients with sinus nodal dysfunction. AB - Flecainide acetate (R818) is a new antiarrhythmic agent for oral and intravenous use; it has predominantly class I properties and a long plasma half-life. Electrophysiologic effects were evaluated in 11 patients with sinus nodal dysfunction before administration of flecainide acetate and 15 to 60 minutes after intravenous administration of 1.5 mg/kg body weight of flecainide acetate given over 15 minutes. In 8 of 11 patients with maximal sinus nodal recovery time increased after flecainide acetate. However, the mean maximal sinus nodal recovery time was not statistically significantly increased from 1,929 +/- 184 (mean +/- standard error of the mean [SEM]) to 2,770 +/- 500 ms (p less than 0.10). The corrected sinus nodal recovery time increased from 875 +/- 181 before to 1,727 +/- 507 ms after administration of flecainide acetate (p less than 0.05). The sinus cycle length and sinoatrial conduction time were not significantly changed. Flecainide acetate induced a marked prolongation of the H V interval (from 41 +/- 3 to 52 +/- 4 mg [p less than 0.01]) as well as a significant increase in the A-H interval, QRS duration, and QT100 interval. The effective and functional refractory periods of the atria increased by 12% (p less than 0.01) and 11% (p less than 0.01), respectively. The atrioventricular (AV) nodal functional refractory period increased significantly by 7% (p less than 0.01), whereas the 9% prolongation of the effective refractory period was not statistically significant. No side effects were observed. It is concluded that flecainide acetate prolongs atrial and ventricular conduction and refractoriness, and thus appears to be a potent antiarrhythmic agent. However, the sinus nodal function is depressed, and thus caution is advised in the use of flecainide acetate in patients with sinus nodal dysfunction. PMID- 7137037 TI - Influence of the autonomic nervous system on the Q-T interval in man. PMID- 7137038 TI - Application of body surface mapping to exercise testing: S-T80 isoarea maps in patients with coronary artery disease. AB - Body surface electrocardiographic maps were recorded before and after exercise in 25 men with angiographically documented coronary disease. Torso potential distributions at 192 locations were derived from a 32 lead electrode array using methods previously described in our laboratory. The S-T segment was characterized by the spatial distribution of the integral of S-T segment voltage over 80 ms (S T80). Body surface regions where the S-T80 areas were =8 mV . ms or greater were identified in 18 of 25 patients. The most negative S-T80 site on the map was called the "S-T80 minimum." The S-T80 minima were located 1 or 2 electrode rows away from the standard V4--V6 electrode positions in 6 of 18 patients who developed S-T80 areas of -8 mV . ms or greater. Our data suggest that standard electrocardiographic leads may not be optimal for identifying S-T segment depression in all patients with coronary disease. Furthermore, body surface mapping during exercise provides a more quantitative and qualitative method for characterizing the ischemic response to exercise. PMID- 7137040 TI - Intraoperative 2-dimensional echocardiography: ejection of microbubbles from the left ventricle after cardiac surgery. AB - Although the presence of entrapped air in the left ventricle at surgery has long been a concern, its prevalence and clinical significance are unknown. Two dimensional echocardiography provides a unique means for observing intracardiac microbubbles intraoperatively. Accordingly, intraoperative 2-dimensional echocardiograms obtained in 79 patients immediately after cardiopulmonary bypass were examined for the presence of microbubbles. Left ventricular microbubbles were detected in 14% of coronary artery bypass operations (n = 22), 50% of multiple valve replacements (n = 8), 67% of single valve replacements (n = 58), and 100% of atrial septal defect closures (n = 4), left atrial myxoma resections (n = 2), and mitral commissurotomies (n = 2). Microbubbles were not observed in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass with valve replacement (n = 4) or with removal of left ventricular aneurysm (n = 1). Continuous ejection of microbubbles from the left ventricle was frequently noted for extended periods of time and, although no patient in this study showed evidence of gross neurologic dysfunction, the possibility of subclinical organ damage exists. We conclude that 2-dimensional echocardiography is useful for detection of intracardiac microbubbles and therefore may be instrumental in their elimination. PMID- 7137041 TI - Impaired collateral blood flow reserve early after nontransmural myocardial infarction in conscious dogs. PMID- 7137039 TI - Low energy countershock using an intravascular catheter in an acute cardiac care setting. AB - We examined the feasibility, effectiveness, and safety of using an intravascular catheter positioned in the right ventricular apex for countershock in a coronary care unit setting in 8 patients who had recurrent ventricular tachyarrhythmia. Countershock using 2.5 to 40 J stored energy (damped sinusoidal wave form) was attempted 115 times to terminate 100 episodes of ventricular tachyarrhythmia (ventricular tachycardia, 91; ventricular flutter, 3; ventricular fibrillation, 6). Eighty-six (87%) of 99 countershock attempts for ventricular tachycardia, 3 (60%) of 5 for ventricular flutter, and 4 (36%) of 11 for ventricular fibrillation were successful using this technique. The catheters remained in stable position for 1 to 16 days without dislodgment. A majority of the countershocks were delivered by the regular nursing staff in the coronary unit. We conclude that low energy countershock through an intravascular catheter system is feasible, safe, and effective in a coronary care unit setting. Such a system should be beneficial in the acute management of patients who have recurrent ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation. The catheter lead may also prove useful in managing ventricular tachyarrhythmias that occur during electrophysiologic studies. PMID- 7137042 TI - Relation between regional distribution of thallium-201 and myocardial blood flow in normal, acutely ischemic, and infarcted myocardium. AB - Myocardial localization of thallium-201 was compared with direct measurements of myocardial perfusion in normal, acutely ischemic, and recently infarcted myocardium. Studies were performed in 6 chronically instrumented dogs that were subjected to myocardial infarction by occlusion of the proximal left circumflex coronary artery. Four days after myocardial infarction, thallium-201 and 9 +/- 1 micrometer niobium-95-labelled microspheres were injected simultaneously after acute left anterior descending coronary arterial occlusion; the animals were killed 5 minutes later and the entire left ventricle was sectioned into 1 to 2 g samples. Regression analyses between thallium-201 activity and regional myocardial blood flow using all myocardial samples demonstrated a very close linear relation in each dog; r values were 0.98 or greater, indicating that the initial localization of thallium-201 in acutely ischemic and recently infarcted myocardium as a function of regional blood flow was essentially identical. Consequently, in each dog the regional distribution of thallium-201 closely approximated myocardial perfusion over a wide range of blood flow and potentially different local metabolic conditions that may be encountered in the clinical use of the isotope. PMID- 7137043 TI - Definition of ventricular tachycardia. PMID- 7137044 TI - Cardiolocution and dysrhythmia. PMID- 7137045 TI - Intracoronary thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction: duration of ischemia as a major determinant of late results after recanalization. AB - To define the effect of duration of myocardial ischemia on the late results after successful thrombolysis in patients with acute transmural myocardial infarction, data on 39 patients treated with intracoronary infusion of streptokinase were analyzed. Patients with successful recanalization of infarct vessel and a time lag between onset of symptoms and reperfusion less than 4 hours were assembled in group A1 (n = 15), and patients with successful recanalization but a time lag of more than 4 hours (n = 17) in group A2. Group B consisted of 7 patients with unsuccessful thrombolysis. Coronary anatomy, left ventricular volume, ejection fraction, and regional ejection fraction of infarct area were determined before and 4 weeks after thrombolysis with cineangiography. Serum creatine kinase activity was serially measured. Before intervention, the groups were comparable with regard to age, Killip class, localization of infarction, incidence of previous infarction, Gensini score of coronary anatomy, left ventricular volume, ejection fraction, regional ejection fraction of infarct area, and serum creatine kinase activity. Four weeks after the intervention, patients in group A1 had a higher ejection fraction (59%) and regional ejection fraction of infarct area (39%) than patients in group A2 (ejection fraction: 49%, p less than 0.05; regional ejection fraction: 26%, p less than 0.05) and group B (ejection fraction: 44%, p less than 0.05; regional ejection fraction: 25%, p = 0.05). Peak serum creatine kinase activity measured during the acute illness was lower in group A1 (764 U/liter) than in group A2 (1,580 U/liter, p less than 0.05) and group B (2,106 U/liter, p less than 0.05). Thus, contraction of infarct area was improved and enzymatic estimate of infarct size was reduced after early as compared with late reperfusion in patients with acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7137046 TI - Familial aggregation of coronary heart disease and its relation to known genetic risk factors. PMID- 7137047 TI - Effects of acute and chronic minoxidil administration on rest and exercise hemodynamics and clinical status in patients with severe, chronic heart failure. AB - The effects of acute and chronic oral administration of the vasodilator minoxidil on hemodynamics, oxygen consumption, exercise performance, and clinical status were investigated in 10 patients with severe, chronic heart failure refractory to digitalis and diuretic therapy. The cardiac index was 1.99 +/- 0.38 liters/min/m2 at rest and 2.88 +/- 0.79 at symptom-limited maximal exercise on conventional therapy, compared with 2.64 +/- 0.33 liters/min/m2 at rest and 3.55 +/- 0.84 at maximal exercise after short-term minoxidil administration (p less than 0.02, control versus minoxidil at both rest and exercise). Stroke volume was increased after minoxidil treatment, without significant effect on heart rate. Systemic vascular resistance was decreased by minoxidil from 2,050 +/- 722 to 1,325 +/- 374 dynes . s/cm-5 at rest and from 1,500 +/- 830 to 1,206 +/- 589 dynes . s/cm-5 at maximal exercise (p = 0.01, control versus minoxidil). No significant effect was observed on left ventricular filling, right atrial, or mean pulmonary arterial pressure, but pulmonary vascular resistance decreased both at rest and on exercise (p less than 0.05). Maximal exercise oxygen consumption increased from 8.9 +/- 3.2 ml/kg/min on conventional therapy to 10.5 +/- 2.4 on minoxidil therapy (p less than 0.03), median maximal exercise work load increased from 25 to 50 W and medium exercise duration increased from 6.0 to 9.0 minutes. On chronic minoxidil administration all 5 patients who completed a scheduled 6 week follow-up showed symptomatic improvement. However, worsening edema developed in all patients, requiring increased diuretic dosage and close supervision. Symptoms of ischemic heart disease worsened in 2 of 10 patients. We tentatively conclude that minoxidil may be a useful vasoactive agent in the pharmacologic therapy of severe chronic heart failure. PMID- 7137048 TI - Accuracy of cardiac output, oxygen uptake, and arteriovenous oxygen difference at rest, during exercise, and after vasodilator therapy in patients with severe, chronic heart failure. AB - Measurement of cardiac output, arteriovenous oxygen difference, and oxygen uptake in patients with heart failure may be subject to technical and biologic inaccuracies. We measured these 3 variables in 16 patients with chronic heart failure at rest and during exercise. When cardiac output was measured by thermodilution and compared with values calculated by the Fick principle, there was a significant correlation at rest (r = 0.91, p less than 0.001) and at exercise (r = 0.93, p less than 0.001). When the arteriovenous oxygen difference was measured by spectrophotometry of arterial and mixed venous samples and compared with values calculated by the Fick principle, there was a significant correlation at rest (r = 0.80, p less than 0.01) and at exercise (r = 0.76, p less than 0.01). When oxygen uptake was measured from expired gas analysis and compared with values calculated by the Fick principle, there was a significant correlation at rest (r = 0.84, p less than 0.01) and at exercise (r = 0.94, p less than 0.001). In addition, 10 patients received vasodilator treatment which increased cardiac output and decreased the arteriovenous oxygen difference at rest and exercise. There was no significant difference between measured and calculated values for the 3 variables under those additional conditions. It is concluded that despite technical and biologic difficulties, cardiac output, arteriovenous oxygen difference, and oxygen uptake, when calculated from Fick's principle, yield results equivalent to direct measurement. PMID- 7137049 TI - The heart and cardiac conduction system in polymyositis-dermatomyositis: a clinicopathologic study of 16 autopsied patients. AB - We reviewed the clinical records of 16 patients with polymyositis-dermatomyositis syndromes autopsied at The Johns Hopkins Hospital to determine the nature and extent of cardiac involvement and its correlation with the severity of disease as a whole. The adult patients ranged in age from 32 to 84 years (average 56); the 2 children were aged 2 and 10 years. The duration of disease ranged from 1 to 72 months (average 21). Seven patients had dermatomyositis, 5 had dermatomyositis with malignancy, 2 had childhood dermatomyositis, and 2 had an overlap syndrome. Seven patients had clinical evidence of congestive heart failure, 4 of whom had microscopic evidence of myocarditis. Two patients had bundle branch block; in 1 there was direct involvement of the conduction system by myositis and contraction band necrosis. Evidence of active myocarditis was present in 4 patients (25%); all had congestive failure. Focal myocardial fibrosis was present in 4 patients. Vascular alterations were present in the coronary arteries in 5 patients (31%). Three had active vasculitis, 1 had intimal proliferation, and 1 had medical sclerosis with calcification. All patients with active myocarditis had skeletal muscle involvement. Nine patients had myositis without myocarditis. There was no correlation of overall severity of the disease with the presence or absence of active myocarditis. The present study shows that cardiac involvement may be common in polymyositis; congestive failure or conduction abnormalities arising in this setting may be indicative of myocarditis. PMID- 7137050 TI - Overall architecture and pattern of lymph flow in the rat lymph node. PMID- 7137051 TI - Primary epithelial cell cultures derived from canine prostate: isolation, culture, and characterization. AB - Epithelial-cell-enriched primary cultures were established from canine prostate. Minced tissue was dissociated with 750 units/ml of collagenase in F12K tissue culture medium containing 1% fetal bovine serum. This treatment resulted in the gradual removal of stromal elements from the base of the epithelial cells. After 30 minutes of digestion, aggregates of epithelial cells free of stroma were dislodged from the minced pieces of prostate. These aggregates were washed and plated at high density in F12K plus 10% fetal bovine serum. After 12-16 hours in vitro the unattached cellular aggregates were removed from the culture dishes, washed, and reinoculated into new culture vessels containing fresh medium. After 48 hours in vitro, the aggregates had attached to the culture vessels and spread out to yield discrete patches of epithelial cells. By 120 hours in vitro the patches of cells had grown and coalesced to form a confluent monolayer of epithelial cells. Ultrastructural examination of these cultures indicated that adjacent cells were joined by desmosomes and tight junctions and had tonofilaments and microvilli, giving the cells an epithelial appearance. The cells contained rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and secretory granules similar to those of the epithelial cells in the intact organ. In addition, intracellular "blebs" containing acid phosphatase were observed in the monolayers and were found to increase in size and number with time in vitro. Differentiated function of the cultures was demonstrated by the presence of ornithine decarboxylase and acid phosphatase and the ability of the cultures to metabolize testosterone to primarily 5 alpha-reduced metabolites. PMID- 7137052 TI - Permeability of the neonatal rat choriocapillaris to hemeproteins and ferritin. AB - The permeability of the endothelium of the capillaries of the rat choriocapillaris to circulating macromolecules was examined during the first post natal week of development using hemeproteins of different molecular dimensions and ferritin. At this stage of development capillaries and photoreceptor cells in the neural retina are not fully formed, but the choriocapillaris has an adult like morphology. Thus, through these differences in neural and vascular architectures the possible functional relationships between the retina and choriocapillaris can be explored. High levels of horseradish peroxidase [Einstein Stokes radius (ESR) 3 nm] activity were localized in Bruch's membrane within 2 minutes after intravenous tracer injection. In contrast, scant levels of hemoglobin (ESR, 3.2 nm) and no catalase (ESR, 5.2 nm) activity were observed here at 75 and 90 minutes, respectively. Only a few ferritin particles (ESR, 6.1 nm) crossed the choriocapillary endothelium after a 90-minute circulation. The results demonstrate that in the neonatal rat the choriocapillaris has the same restrictive properties as have been described for the adult eye (Pino and Essner, 1980, 1981), even in the absence of retinal capillaries and functional photoreceptor cells. PMID- 7137053 TI - Variability of ciliary ultrastructure in normal dogs. AB - The incidence of abnormal tracheal cilia from each of seven normal healthy dogs was estimated using samples prepared for TEM and SEM from the dorsal, lateral, and ventral aspects of the 3rd, 12th, and 24th tracheal rings. Some samples were demembranated with Triton X-100 and stained with tannic acid to visualize microtubular protofilaments. From each region of each ring of each dog on which TEM was done, 500 transversely sectioned cilia were observed, 27,000 cilia overall. Abnormal numbers of central microtubules and abnormal numbers of peripheral microtubules occurred in all samples in about 2% of all cilia. Compound cilia were consistently observed in samples from the 3rd ring and were not observed in any samples from the 24th ring. Therefore, before abnormal ciliary ultrastructure may be associated with disease, the rate of occurrence must exceed that in appropriate control individuals. Additionally, compound cilia, which have previously been associated with a variety of diseases, obviously occur in normal individuals; however, their observation may be a function of biopsy site selection. PMID- 7137054 TI - Quantitative autoradiography, electron microscopy, and granulometry of endocrine cells in the rabbit colon. AB - A high-resolution autoradiographic study was conducted on 268 thin sections of endocrine cells in the rabbit colon following injection of (3H) L-dopa. Using quantitative autoradiography, silver-proteinate impregnation, granulometry, and statistical analysis of cell populations by the Falck procedure, three cell types were identified--EC, L; and H--as well as a single cell with distinct ultrastructural characteristics. For the first time, a fine quantitative estimation of the handling ability of amine precursor related to the cross sectional areas of each cell type was obtained, using a Kontron Digiplan image analyzer. All cells studied showed the ability to take up the precursor. Labeling indices were 6.63, 2.15, and 2.14 for EC, L, and H, respectively. These data and silver-proteinate impregnations provide good criteria for differentiating EC from H cells despite morphological similarities. After critical analysis of granule diameters, L cells were considered to be pluripotential in secretory activity. PMID- 7137055 TI - Interaction of embryonic surface and cytoskeleton with extracellular matrix. AB - Evidence for cell-matrix in vitro and in the embryo is briefly reviewed, and more detailed observations are presented on the reactions of corneal epithelium and mesenchyme to extracellular matrix (ECM). The basal surface of embryonic corneal epithelium blebs when the underlying ECM is removed. If the epithelium is cultured on top of the lens capsule or collagen gel, the basal surface flattens and the cortical cytoskeleton reorganizes to resemble that present in vivo. The basal surface also responds to soluble matrix molecules (types I-IV collagens, laminin, fibronectin), and the cells step up synthesis of corneal stroma as measured by incorporation of proline into collagen. When embryonic corneal fibroblasts are placed on top of hydrated gels they tend to burrow into the gel rather than sitting on top as does epithelium. When grown inside collagen gels, these mesenchymal cells elongate and the entire cell surface and cytoskeleton organize in response to matrix. Stress fibers and ruffling membranes characterize the cells grown on glass. When embryonic lens or corneal epithelial are place within, instead of on top of, collagen gels, they give rise to mesenchyme-like cells from their apical surfaces. In vivo, these epithelia do not give rise to mesenchyme. The rules for epithelial-mesenchymal transformation in vivo are discussed in relation to these observations on cell-matrix interaction. PMID- 7137056 TI - Morphometric studies on rat seminiferous tubules. AB - The goal of this morphometric study was to obtain quantitative information on the seminiferous tubules of Sprague-Dawley rats, including changes seen at various stages of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium. Tissue from perfusion-fixed testes was embedded in Epon-Araldite; and sections were subjected to morphometric measurements at the light microscopic level, using point counting for volume densities and the Floderus equation for numerical densities. Changes occur in the diameter of the seminiferous tubule, as well as in the volume of the seminiferous epithelium and tubule lumen, from stage to stage during the cycle. A significant constriction of the seminiferous tubule accompanies spermiation. The volume of the seminiferous epithelium per unit length of the tubule begins to increase after stage XIV, and peaks at stage V of the next cycle. The tubule lumen increases dramatically from stages V to VII, at the expense of the epithelium. The number of Sertoli cells is constant per unit length of the seminiferous tubule at all stages of the cycle. This is also true for primary spermatocytes of various developmental phases and for round spermatids from step 1 through step 10 of spermiogenesis. The average number of younger (preleptotene, leptotene, zytgotene) primary spermatocytes per Sertoli cell is 2.34 +/- 0.082 (SEM), the number of older (pachytene, diplotene) primary spermatocytes per Sertoli cell is 2.37 +/- 0.064, and the ratio of step 1-10 spermatids to Sertoli cells is 7.89 +/ 0.27. By studying tangential views of serially sectioned seminiferous tubules at stage V, it is shown that the number of step-17 spermatids associated with each Sertoli cell averages 8.35 +/- 0.128, although the counts ranged from 6 to 11. The only appreciable occurrence of cell death after the last spermatogonial mitosis appears to be a 15% loss during the first meiotic division. From our morphometric results, corrected for volume changes during preparation for microscopy, there are 15.7 million (+/- 0.99 million) Sertoli cells per gram of fresh rat testis. The length of seminiferous tubule per gram of testis is estimated to be 12.4 +/- 0.56 meters, and the tubule surface area per gram testis is 119.7 +/- 2.57 cm2. The daily production of mature spermatids is 9.61 million (+/- 0.615 million) per gram of testis. PMID- 7137057 TI - A fine-structural study of interstitial cell changes in the testes of Necturus maculosus during a portion of the annual cycle, and possible evidence for local feedback control by seminiferous epithelium. AB - The developmental stages of the interstitial cells of Leydig in Necturus maculosus were studied in testes of animals obtained in November and December. As a consequence of the caudal to cranial progression of the wave of spermatogenesis, samples obtained from cranial, central, and caudal portions of these testes exhibit regional differences in the morphology of their Leydig cells. In these samples, fibroblast-like stromal cells with large, dense, elongated nuclei and thin sheets of cytoplasm surround the cranial seminiferous lobules that usually contain spermatozoa. Such stromal cells possess a small juxtanuclear Golgi apparatus, profiles of smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria with tubular and shelf-like cristae. In the central area of the testis, interstitial cells with oval nuclear profiles and a finer chromatin pattern surround degenerating seminiferous lobules. The abundant cytoplasm of these cells contains predominantly smooth endoplasmic reticulum interspersed with a few lipid droplets. These cells contain mitochondria that are packed with tubular cristae. Inthe caudal part of the testis, the Leydig cells have a round nucleus with finely dispersed chromatin. Numerous lipid droplets accumulate in the ample cytoplasm, which is filled with smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The juxtanuclear Golgi apparatus becomes enlarged; associated with it are vesicles with an electron-dense content. The cristae of the mitochondria are more numerous and have tubules of 50-nm diameter mixed with arrays of small tubules 25-30 nm in diameter. The appearance of morphologically mature interstitial cells of Leydig only adjacent to degenerated seminiferous lobules inthe caudal portion of the testis suggests the possibility of local feedback control of Leydig-cell development. PMID- 7137058 TI - Ultrastructure of mucocartilage in the larval anadromous sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L. AB - The fine structure of mucocartilage, a tissue unique to larval lampreys, was examined in Petromyzon marinus L. This tissue is surrounded by a perichondrium of vascularized, dense connective tissue composed of fibroblasts, collagen fibrils, and elastic-like microfibrils, but it is avascular itself and consists of elastic like microfibrils, ground substance, and a few diffusely scattered fibroblasts. Fibroblasts possess rough endoplasmic reticulum, may free ribosomes, a well developed Golgi apparatus, a tubulo-vesicular network, and a number of secondary lysosomes containing crystalline material. The appearance of the organelles suggests the involvement of the cell in the synthesis and secretion of the ground substance and microfibrils. Tubular microfibrils, 11-13 nm in diameter, comprise the major portion of the matrix, and they are similar to those described in developing mammalian elastic tissue (Ross and Bornstein, 1969). The retention of the microfibrils may represent either a primitive form of elastic fiber in this "primitive" vertebrate or reflect the larval condition of the lampreys under examination. Scattered spherical to polyhedral-shaped mitrix granules and intergranular filaments make up the remainder of the matrix. It was concluded that mucocartilage in larval lampreys is not a conventional type of vertebrate connective tissue. PMID- 7137059 TI - Plasmalemmal vesicles (caveolae) of fibrous astrocytes of the cat optic nerve. AB - Plasmalemmal vesicles (caveolae) are described in fibrous astrocytes of the cat optic nerve. In thin sections, astrocytic caveolae appear as flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane with a 60-nm lumen that communicates with the extracellular space through a 35-nm stoma. Occasional bilobed caveolae occur. The caveolae extend approximately 85 nm into the astrocytic cytoplasm and are often embedded within a granular or filamentous ectoplasmic substance connected by 4-8-nm filament bridges to underlying bundles of 10-nm glial filaments. In freeze-fracture replicas, the caveolar stomata appear as dimples on the P face and as craters on the E face, often arranged in hexagonal or linear arrays and spaced at a center-to-center distance of 110-130 nm. The caveolar membrane is apparently particle-free. Fibrous astrocytes related to the connective-tissue septa of the optic nerve show different densities of caveolae on different areas of their plasma membranes. Plasma membranes apposing a basal lamina have few caveolae, whereas membranes not apposed to the basal lamina but to other astrocytic membranes have up to 17 caveolae/micrometers 2. Caveolae also occur on astrocytic plasma membranes apposed to myelin sheaths. Possible functions of the astrocytic caveolae are discussed in the light of plasmalemmal properties of other types of caveolae-bearing cells. PMID- 7137061 TI - Hypnotists. PMID- 7137060 TI - Corneal splitting in the developing lamprey Petromyzon marinus L. eye. AB - The cornea of the adult lamprey has both dermal (spectacle) and scleral components. These are separated by a thin mucoid layer that allows free movement of the globe. This study has shown that during the larval (ammocoete) stage, the lamprey cornea develops in a manner similar to that of other lower vertebrates. Just prior to the period of transformation to the adult parasite, the outer dermal portion of the ammocoete cornea (spectacle) consists of an anterior stratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells at the surface. The stroma of the dermal cornea consists of a thick outer layer of orthogonally oriented collagen with branching fibroblasts and a thin, loosely organized inner layer with slender elongated fibroblasts. The scleral cornea is lined internally by a flattened monolayer of mesodermal cells, the corneal endothelium. Its narrow stroma is composed entirely of thin, orthogonally arranged, collagen-fiber lamellae, and is bounded externally by a thin continuous mesothelial layer of cells that abuts directly onto the loose stromal component of the dermal cornea. During the early stages of transformation, the anterior epithelium of the dermal cornea becomes stratified squamous in type. Later, the inner loose stroma of the dermal cornea (spectacle) begins to separate from the scleral cornea components, and a third complete mesothelial layer forms a distinct inner border for the dermal cornea. A mucoid layer is formed between the dermal (spectacle) and scleral corneas and remains throughout the adult life. PMID- 7137062 TI - An argument for the revival of hypnosis in obstetrics. PMID- 7137064 TI - Ericksonian theories of hypnosis. PMID- 7137063 TI - An evaluation of hypnotic susceptibility and peripheral temperature elevation in the treatment of migraine. PMID- 7137065 TI - A psychoanalytic view of hypnosis. PMID- 7137066 TI - The effect of different types of influence on an "indirect-direct" form of a scale of sensory suggestibility. PMID- 7137067 TI - A failure to support the relationships of selected traits and hypnotic responsiveness in drama students. PMID- 7137068 TI - Hemispheric asymmetry as a model for hypnotic phenomena: a review and analysis. PMID- 7137069 TI - Social influence, Ericksonian strategies and hypnotic phenomena in the treatment of sexual dysfunction. PMID- 7137070 TI - Lung function and treadmill performance of smoking and nonsmoking males receiving ascorbic acid supplements. AB - Twelve cigarette smoking and 10 nonsmoking healthy human volunteers, 25 to 38 yr of age, performed lung function and treadmill performance tests over two periods of 3 wk duration while taking either ascorbic acid (300 mg daily) or placebo tablets in a cross-over design. The two exercise periods were separated by a one month inactive phase. Tablets were administered in a random, double-blind manner. Plasma vitamin C levels were significantly increased after 3 wk of ascorbic acid supplementation in both smokers and nonsmokers as compared to initial levels in the same subjects. No differences between ascorbic acid and placebo treatments of smokers and nonsmokers were observed for 1-s forced expiratory volume, forced vital capacity, 1-s forced expiratory percent, resting heart rate, resting and postexercise systolic and diastolic blood pressures, treadmill workload, postexercise blood lactic acid, and ventilation measurements. The postexercise systolic blood pressure values of the nonsmokers were lower, although not quite significantly, after the ascorbic acid treatment than after the placebo. The 300 mg ascorbic acid supplement appeared to have little effect on the lung function and physical performance of healthy smoking and nonsmoking males. PMID- 7137071 TI - Deleterious effects of prolonged warming of meals on ascorbic acid content and iron absorption. PMID- 7137072 TI - Consumption of foods and nutrients by weanlings in rural Bangladesh. AB - Longitudinal studies of the consumption of foods and nutrients by 70 children between 5 and 30 months of age have been completed, during 632 individual days of observation in rural village homes in Bangladesh. Foods and prepared menu items for each child were weighed before serving; leftover food was subtracted from portions served to determine the amounts consumed. Breast milk intakes were estimated by test-weighing of children before and after all feedings during 12-h daytime periods and were corrected to 24-h consumption. All children between 5 and 12 months of age and 85% of children between 24 and 30 months were breast fed; the average amount of breast milk received by these age groups declined from 632 to 368 g/day. Concurrently, the rate of consumption of cereals increased from 54 to 100% of children, and the amount received increased from 35 to 94 g/day. The children received an average intake of energy between 63 to 71 kcal/kg body weight/day and an average intake of protein between 1.2 to 1.5 g protein/kg body weight/day in the various age and sex categories. The absolute consumption of energy and protein increased with age, but the amount of energy per kg of body weight and the percentage of energy requirement for the amount of energy per kg of body weight and the percentage of energy requirement for length-age remained constant or declined in older girls. Vitamin A consumption, mostly from breast milk, averaged between 152 and 249 micrograms retinol equivalents per day, with younger children receiving more than older ones and boys receiving more than girls. Breast milk was the major source of all nutrients for younger children. Cereals provided more protein and iron than mothers' milk in older boys, but breast milk remained an important source of nutrients for all children. PMID- 7137073 TI - Food supplement usage in seven Western states. AB - Data on food supplement usage were collected from 2451 adults in seven Western states. No significant differences were determined among states. A majority (66.6%) of the sample used some form of food supplements, with 40.0% consuming one to three supplements per day. The archetype food supplement user was likely to be a young female with some college education, who believes that the nutritional quality of food has decreased in the last 10 yr and in the efficacy of supplements for disease prevention or cure, and primarily receives information concerning food and nutrition from books and health food stores. Correspondingly, one of the most frequently cited reasons for using food supplements, next to "to prevent colds and other illnesses" was "to make up for what is not in food." The three most frequently used food supplements, in rank order, were multiple vitamins, vitamin C, and multiple vitamins plus iron. PMID- 7137074 TI - Nutritional status in a healthy elderly population: riboflavin. AB - Riboflavin status in 270 free-living and healthy elderly was determined from dietary intake (3-day food records) and erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficients (EGR-AC). High EGR-ACs (greater than 1.35) indicate poor riboflavin nutriture. Mean dietary intakes of riboflavin were 1.86 +/- 0.64 (SD) for males and 1.58 +/- 0.69 mg/day for females. Approximately 45% of the population were taking some supplemental riboflavin and total riboflavin intakes ranged from 0.65 to 165 mg/day. The mean EGR-AC for those taking supplemental riboflavin was significantly lower than that of the nonsupplemented group (1.06 and 1.16, respectively). Only three subjects had EGR-ACs greater than 1.35. A significant correlation was found between total riboflavin intake and EGR-AC (r = 0.53). In a separate population of 667 volunteers between the ages of 20 and 87 yr, a significant decrease in mean EGR-AC with age was found. The mean EGR-AC for those over 60 yr and not taking a supplement was 1.16 +/ 0.10 compared to 1.23 +/ 0.11 for those from 20 to 29 yr old. Inadequate riboflavin nutriture appears to be more of a problem for younger than older adults. PMID- 7137075 TI - A method for assessing carbohydrate energy absorption and its application to premature infants. AB - A method was developed for assessing indirectly the fecal excretion of carbohydrate-derived energy. Then, eight healthy premature infants (28 to 32 wk gestation, postnatal age 12 to 30 days) were randomly assigned to receive one of two formulas that differed only in the carbohydrate source: 100% lactose or 50% lactose: 50% glucose polymer (lactose + glucose polymer). Excreta collections were analyzed for total nitrogen, urea nitrogen, ammonia, fat, and total energy. Carbohydrate energy absorption was calculated. The formulas were well tolerated and stool frequency, energy intake, weight gain, and nitrogen balance were not different in the two formula groups. Also, there were no significant intergroup (lactose versus lactose + glucose polymer) differences in the coefficients (%) (x +/- SD) of fat absorption (90 +/- 6 versus 93 +/- 5) or carbohydrate energy absorption (96 +/- 1 versus 95 +/- 3). Thus, net carbohydrate-energy absorption appeared normal in these premature infants who showed no clinical formula intolerance. PMID- 7137076 TI - Effect of sampling site on plasma amino acid concentrations of infants: effect of skin amino acids. AB - Plasma taurine, aspartate, threonine, serine, glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, lysine, histidine, and ornithine concentrations are significantly greater (p less than 0.05, "Student's" t test) in blood samples obtained by conventional heel skin puncture techniques from 1-yr old infants than values in venous plasma. Differences in plasma concentrations of taurine, aspartate, serine, glycine, and ornithine were particularly striking, with levels in plasma collected from the heel being 1.6 to 6.7 times higher than levels in venous plasma. These increased plasma amino acid concentrations were shown to result primarily from contamination of the plasma with amino acids present on the skin surface. Thorough washing and stimulation of blood flow to the heel by warming prior to skin puncture reduced observed differences. Plasma amino acid concentrations of blood samples obtained by conventional heel skin puncture procedures can be "normalized" to venous values through the use of data on the amino acid composition of heel skin washings. PMID- 7137077 TI - A short questionnaire for the measurement of habitual physical activity in epidemiological studies. AB - The construct validity and the test-retest reliability of a self-administered questionnaire about habitual physical activity were investigated in young males (n = 139) and females (n = 167) in three age groups (20 to 22, 25 to 27, and 30 to 32 yr) in a Dutch population. By principal components analysis three conceptually meaningful factors were distinguished. They were interpreted as: 1) physical activity at work; 2) sport during leisure time; and 3) physical activity during leisure time excluding sport. Test-retest showed that the reliability of the three indices constructed from these factors was adequate. Further, it was found that level of education was inversely related to the work index, and positively related to the leisure-time index in both sexes. The subjective experience of work load was not related to the work index, but was inversely related to the sport index, and the leisure-time index in both sexes. The lean body mass was positively related the the work index, and the sport index in males, but was not related to the leisure-time index in either sex. These differences in the relationships support the subdivision of habitual physical activity into the three components mentioned above. PMID- 7137078 TI - Hair analyses: worthless for vitamins, limited for minerals. AB - Despite many major and minor problems with interpretation of analytical data, chemical analyses of human hair have some potential value. Extensive research will be necessary to define this value, including correlation of hair concentrations of specific elements with those in other tissues and metabolic pools and definition of normal physiological concentration ranges. Many factors that may compromise the correct interpretation of analytical data require detailed evaluation for each specific element. Meanwhile, hair analyses are of some value in the comparison of different populations and, for example, in public health community surveys of environmental exposure to heavy metals. On an individual basis, their established usefulness is much more restricted and the limitations are especially notable for evaluation of mineral nutritional status. There is a wide gulf between the limited and mainly tentative scientific justification for their use on an individual basis and the current exploitation of multielement chemical analyses of human hair. PMID- 7137079 TI - Breast milk intake: 12 hour versus 24 hour assessment. PMID- 7137080 TI - History and current status of infant formulas. PMID- 7137081 TI - Increased milk iron by dietary supplementation. PMID- 7137082 TI - The clinical usefulness of an algorithm for the interpretation of biochemical profiles with hypercalcemia. AB - A logical, systematic approach to the interpretation of diagnostic biochemical profiles in patients with hypercalcemia has been attempted through the use of algorithms (decision trees). A tentative algorithm (ALG-I) and an expanded and modified version (ALG-II) were compared for effectiveness in tests of 80 patients with hypercalcemia at Charity Hospital in New Orleans. The overwhelming majority (69%) of these patients had malignant disease. Comparative performance indicated that the modified algorithm (ALG-II) assigned the correct diagnostic categories in 66% of cases, compared with 53% for ALG-I, but the clinical performance of ALG I improved (agreement rate of 60%) when it was assumed that patients with malignancy could have coexisting hyperparathyroidism or pseudohyperparathyroidism. The clinical trial indicated that both algorithms were fairly comparable and that their primary use would be as teaching aids for medical students and residents to suggest various diagnostic possibilities for hypercalcemia in patients. PMID- 7137083 TI - A comparison of the clinical usefulness of eight tests for IgM rheumatoid factor. AB - The clinical usefulness of seven commercially available tests for IgM rheumatoid factor are compared using sera from 28 patients with classical rheumatoid arthritis with 126 patients from appropriate control groups. The test system which provided the greatest sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis was considered the most desirable. No attempt was made to test reproducibility. The Ortho latex slide screening test demonstrated the best balance of sensitivity and specificity with 24/28 positive in sera from patients with classical rheumatoid arthritis, and 6/127 positive in non-rheumatoid controls. Of the systems tested, the Behring latex test was least useful due to an unacceptable lack of sensitivity, with only 8/28 positive using sera from patients with classical rheumatoid arthritis. Until a more internationally standardized rheumatoid factor assay is available, the comparative results of this study may serve as a guide to clinicians and laboratory directors in selecting a clinical useful, commercially available test system. PMID- 7137084 TI - Occurrence of lipoprotein-X associated with intravenous administration of lipid emulsion in adults. AB - The intravenous lipid emulsion, Intralipid, both in vivo and in vitro causes a false-positive lipoprotein-X (LP-X) by immunoelectrophoresis and the electrophoresis-polyanion precipitation (EPAP) technic. The in vivo phenomenon has been shown to occur in adults, previously reported only in neonates. The false-positive LP-X may persist in the blood stream for some time following cessation of administration of the "Intralipid". This phenomenon should be taken into consideration when interpreting results of LP-X tests by these technics. It also has been shown that the presence of apolipoprotein-C is not necessary for LP X like cathodal mobility and precipitation by the EPAP technic of complexes of albumin and Intralipid. PMID- 7137085 TI - Multiple endocrine neoplasia. Pituitary adenoma, multicentric papillary thyroid carcinoma, bilateral carotid body paraganglioma, parathyroid hyperplasia, gastric leiomyoma, and systemic amyloidosis. AB - Multiple endocrine neoplasia in a 70-year-old woman are described. The findings include a nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma, a multicentric papillary thyroid carcinoma, bilateral carotid body paragangliomas, parathyroid hyperplasia, gastric leiomyoma and systemic amyloidosis. A study of the kindred revealed that two family members, a daughter and a granddaughter, have clinical and radiographic evidence of pituitary tumors and bilateral carotid body paragangliomas, suggesting that this may represent a genetically determined syndrome inherited as an autosomal dominant. PMID- 7137086 TI - Meningeal myeloma. AB - A case of leptomeningeal myeloma is described and a brief review of the reported cases is made. Afflicted patients may be neurologically asymptomatic or may present with a clinical picture similar to carcinomatous and lymphomatous meningitis. Atypical plasma cells and monoclonal immunoglobulin in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are the two most important findings for the diagnosis of leptomeningeal involvement in a patient with multiple myeloma. PMID- 7137087 TI - Mucus-producing medullary cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland. AB - A case of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid with the presence of mucus-secreting (goblet) cells was reported. Ultrastructurally, the tumor was composed of two types of cells, one with neurosecretory granules and the other with mucus granules. The secretion of calcitonin and mucus was demonstrated by histochemical methods. The presence of two cell populations in this tumor casts doubts on the "APUD" concept, which proposes a neuroectodermal origin for parafollicular (C) cells of the thyroid gland. The significance of this tumor with regard to the histogenesis of the cells involved, is discussed. PMID- 7137088 TI - Plasmacytoma arising in giant lymph node hyperplasia. AB - Giant lymph node hyperplasia (GLNH) is generally thought to represent a benign process. A patient with GLNH of the chest wall had part of the lymph node replaced by large nodules of infiltrating plasma cells, and a serum paraprotein of the IgG lambda type. A peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical technic showed that the plasma cells within areas of typical appearing GLNH were polyclonal, whereas those making up the nodular infiltrates were monoclonal. The observation of a plasmacytoma arising in this lesion demonstrates the neoplastic potential of GLNH. PMID- 7137089 TI - Cytopathology of endometrial adenocarcinoma metastases to the breast examined by fine-needle aspiration. PMID- 7137090 TI - Membranous glomerulonephritis associated with the Guillain-Barre syndrome. AB - A 63-year-old white man had simultaneous onset of the Guillain-Barre syndrome and the nephrotic syndrome, three weeks after having an upper respiratory tract infection. Many granular casts were noticed in the urine sediment. Renal biopsy specimens showed early membranous glomerulonephritis and acute interstitial nephritis by light microscopy, with fine granular deposition of IgG, IgM, and C3 along the basement membrane by immunofluorescence. Electron microscopy revealed subepithelial electron-dense deposits (Stage 1 membranous glomerulonephritis). The association of these two syndromes is rare, although evidence of immunologic dysfunction has been described in both. The recent literature is reviewed and possible pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 7137091 TI - Ocular adnexal oncocytoma. PMID- 7137092 TI - Functional hyposplenism and amyloidosis. PMID- 7137093 TI - Blood group antigen loss in oral malignancies. PMID- 7137094 TI - Electronically determined mean corpuscular volume and marked hyperglycemia. PMID- 7137095 TI - Orcein stain. PMID- 7137096 TI - ABC for melanoma: a clinician's view. PMID- 7137098 TI - Clinical laboratory precision. The state of the art and medical usefulness based internal quality control. PMID- 7137099 TI - Precision in estrogen and progesterone receptor assays. Results of the first CAP pilot survey. AB - In this blind survey involving 47 unselected laboratories, 98% of participants concurred that a nominally mid-range estrogen receptor (ER) positive powder was positive; the concurrence was 91% for the progesterone receptor (PR). This precision exceeds the requirements imposed by the benefit: cost ratios which exist for the hormonal therapy of advanced breast cancer. In the same blind survey, the concurrence on nominally negative ER and PR specimens was 92% and 90%, respectively. These are also quite acceptable for the clinical context in which these tests are applied. Powders of human breast carcinoma are suitable for interlaboratory quality control. The particular lyophilized products we used were not as satisfactory. PMID- 7137100 TI - Glucose stability in lyophilized chemistry quality control serum. A study of data from the quality assurance service (QAS) program of the College of American Pathologists. AB - Data from 2.5 million glucose analyses on pools of lyophilized human quality control serum were used to evaluate analyte stability in the prereconstitution phase. Input information was from laboratories in Regional Quality Control Programs that use CAP Quality Assurance Service (QAS) data processing. Of 31 pools in use between 1977 and 1981, decreasing glucose concentration was detected by, at least, one method in 26 pools, and by two or more methods in 21 pools. Method-associated average decrease in concentration varied from 0.13 mg/dL/month (glucose oxidase-electrode) to 0.19 mg/dL/month (automated glucose oxidase colorimetric). Bidirectional instability as a function of analytic method, i.e., increase with "mild" methods, decrease with "rigorous" methods that was noticed previously with pools analyzed between 1973 and 1977, was no longer seen. Dominant directional changes in the later pools were downward by all methods, when statistically significant trends were demonstrated. PMID- 7137097 TI - Introduction to the report on the quality assurance programs of the College of American Pathologists, 1982. PMID- 7137101 TI - Surveillance and prevention of hepatitis in health care personnel. AB - Supplementary questionnaires from the AABB-CAP Viral Hepatitis Marker Survey were analyzed to determine hepatitis B virus (HBV) risks in health care settings. Policies for personnel screening and HBIG usage in 1979 and 1980 show minimal differences. There was an increase in numbers of laboratory, dialysis, and surgery personnel treated with HBIG in 1980. A smaller number of hepatitis cases was reported in individuals working in these areas in 1980 compared with 1979. PMID- 7137102 TI - Factor XI assay results in the CAP survey (1981). AB - Data from the 1981 CAP Survey for factor XI assay is reviewed. Different instrument reagent combinations are ranked according to precision and sensitivity. Results of the survey questionnaire are analyzed. There is poor correlation between precision and sensitivity of most systems (i.e., instrument and reagent combinations). For any given system, precision appears to decrease with increasing severity of the factor XI deficiency of the specimen. Some comparisons are made to recent CAP surveys of factor VIII and IX activity. Considerable interlaboratory variation is noted with respect to technical aspects of factor assays (i.e., dilution of normal plasma used to construct the standard curve, etc.). Procedures used by some laboratories in handling patient specimens for factor assays, such as freezing the patient specimen, may decrease the chance of identifying a mild factor XI deficiency. The need for standardization of factor assays is evident from the survey data. PMID- 7137103 TI - Are ligand assay methods specific for cobalamin? A survey report. AB - To determine whether or not laboratories participating in the ligand assay survey of the College of American Pathologists can measure cobalamin (vitamin B-12) in the presence of cobalamin analogues, either cobalamin or cobinamide (a model for the non-physiological analogues of cobalamin) was added to pooled human serum, and aliquots of the various samples were submitted to the participants. Nine hundred and nineteen results that represented 13 commercially available methods were analyzed. For a sample containing 412 pg/mL. of cobalamin, the mean interference produced by 400 pg/mL of cobinamide, expressed as the apparent increase in the cobalamin concentration, was 26.5 pg/mL with a range of 18 to 42 pg/mL. The mean recovery of added cobalamin was 104% of the expected value. PMID- 7137104 TI - Interlaboratory survey of enzyme analyses IV. Human versus porcine tissue as source of creatine kinase for survey serum. AB - A special enzyme survey was carried out in 185 laboratories on specimens fortified with either porcine heart or human skeletal muscle creatine kinase (CK). All analytical systems were examined to see if they gave different results for porcine and human CK as compared with analysis of the same specimens on the duPont ACA. Analytical differences were found. However, these differences were small, and, with some exceptions, do not prevent interconversion of units based solely on specimens fortified with porcine CK. Both types of specimens serve equally well in estimating bias and variability of CK analyses. Based on the results for the human material, many laboratories appear to use inappropriate reference ranges for CK. PMID- 7137106 TI - Interlaboratory performance of disk agar diffusion and dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests, 1979-1981. A summary of the microbiology portion of the College of American Pathologists (CAP) surveys. AB - The antimicrobial susceptibility test results of the 1979-1981 College of American Pathologists (CAP) Microbiology Surveys are summarized for the disk diffusion and dilution test methods. Improved interpretive accuracy (97.5%) was detected for the Special Bacteriology participants compared with those reported for 1972 and 1977-1978. The performance accuracy rates for the Comprehensive and Basic Surveys subscribers was 95.8% and 93.7%, respectively (all surveys accuracy rates was 95.2% from 196,775 responses). The dilution methods were graded since 1980 and showed an acceptable or good performance rate of 98.0%. Most reported MICs were from commercial systems, especially those performed in frozen broth microdilution systems. Eighteen per cent of all susceptibility tests are now reported as MICs. Quality control data shows a trend away from costly daily control practices without compromise of test accuracy. Several problem areas continue to plague these methods: (1) poor predictive value of disk results for enterococci; (2) availability of low potency disks with suboptimal accuracy rates, e.g., the 50 micrograms carbenicillin disk; (3) the release of more new drugs requiring individual testing beyond the capacity of the test systems; (4) vague recommendations for reporting and testing certain bacterial species, e.g., methicillin-resistant staphylococci and penicillin-resistant pneumococci; and (5) the lack of contemporary modification in FDA package insert quality control and interpretive criteria guidelines that might reflect new test or therapeutic information. Overall, the 1979-1981 surveys results show improved performance to a high level of predictive and interpretive accuracy among all subscriber groups coupled with a shift toward the more informative quantitative dilution methodologies. PMID- 7137105 TI - Analytic clinical laboratory precision. State of the art for selected enzymes. AB - Results of precision estimates are reported for selected enzyme analytes. Laboratories that participated in regional quality control programs supplied data to a centralized data processing service (College of American Pathologists Computer Center). These data, representing several regional groups which used different commercial sources of control serum, were statistically analyzed by regression of coefficient of variation (CV) upon concentration of analyte using a modified polynomial regression technic. Tolerance limits for long-term within laboratory precision were developed from this data. Estimated CVs were extracted at selected analyte concentrations, and tolerance limits for CVs at these concentrations were developed. In addition, selected individual methods within the larger groups were individually examined to evaluate effect of control material matrix upon clinical estimates of enzyme precision. Differences in selected method groups are discussed. PMID- 7137107 TI - Performance of yeast identification systems. An analysis of the College of American Pathologists Special Mycology Survey data. AB - The performance of approximately 400 participants in the CAP Special Mycology Survey in identifying 15 medically important yeasts was analyzed. With nine strains, users of the API 20C system and Uni-Yeast-Tek (UYT) systems performed comparably. With two strains (Trichosporon cutaneum and Candida guilliermondii) the UYT users performed significantly better than API users; with four strains (Cryptococcus albidus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and two strains of Candida tropicalis), API users significantly outperformed UYT users. Analysis of biochemical reaction patterns demonstrated, with a few exceptions, good reproducibility among laboratories with both kits. With one exception (melezitose variable Candida albicans), the few discrepancies in biochemical reactions had little or no influence on the final identification. From this analysis, we conclude that both API and UYT perform acceptably well in routine clinical laboratories when used in conjunction with morphologic observations and, when indicated, supplemented biochemical test. PMID- 7137108 TI - Comparison of concentration procedures for detection of Schistosoma mansoni eggs in a CAP Parasitology Survey specimen. AB - A comparison of concentration procedures for the detection of Schistosoma mansoni is presented. Ethyl-acetate or formalin-ether centrifugal sedimentation technics are not only the most commonly used, they also lead to more accurate identification of the organism's eggs. PMID- 7137109 TI - Analytical goals and the College of American Pathologists. AB - Classifications of measurement procedures rank routine control and laboratory simulation as the most difficult measurements. Their use in laboratory medicine has led to the development of a science whose purpose is to quantitate various characteristics of laboratory performance. The College of American Pathologists application of the science takes the form of its quality assurance programs, notably the Survey Programs. Until recently, however, the concern for reduction of analytical error and the engrafted aspects of regulation have diverted attention from the major purpose of the programs: the establishment and achievement of analytical goals based on clinical utility. The College is working toward these ends, and its work is based on the following principles: (1) formulation of analytical goals is the responsibility of the profession; (2) the analytical goals are a scientific composite of total analytical error, biologic variation, and medical judgement; (3) analytical goals must be adjustable to accommodate laboratory and clinical advances. PMID- 7137110 TI - Soft agar culture of human transitional cell carcinoma colonies from urine. AB - Soft-agar culture of transitional cell carcinoma colonies from urine, bladder irrigation fluid, and transurethral resection solid tumor specimens demonstrate generally better growth of tumor cell colonies from urine than from irrigation fluid. Growth of tumor colonies from urine was adequate to evaluate presence of tumor and to study growth parameters of the tumor colonies in vitro, although the number of colonies produced from urine was inadequate to evaluate sensitivity or resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Growth in soft agar of transitional cell carcinoma colonies from urine may offer a simple, noninvasive method of evaluating the effectiveness of therapy and the prognosis for tumor progression. PMID- 7137111 TI - The spectrum of pathology of nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in open-lung biopsy specimens. AB - The diagnosis of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection may be difficult to establish unless open-lung biopsy is performed. Mycobacteria were present in resected lung tissues from forty patients at the Mount Sinai Hospital during the period 1969-1980. M. avium-intracellulare was cultured in 24 patients, M. tuberculosis in six, M. gordonae in three, and M. fortuitum in two. In five instances, mycobacteria were seen in smears of lung tissues but failed to grow in culture. Three distinct clinicopathologic groups of patients with NTM were recognized. (1) Eighteen patients had solitary pulmonary nodules resected with the clinical diagnosis of lung cancer. Histologically, they exhibited granulomas with varying degrees of necrosis. Mediastinal lymph nodes had no granulomas, except in one case. (2) Seven patients presented with roentgenologic evidence of bilateral, diffuse interstitial infiltration. M. avium-intracellulare or M. gordonae were isolated from lung tissue which histologically showed interstitial fibrosis and organizing pneumonia. In only one instance a few non-caseating epitheloid cell granulomas were found. Three of these patients had underlying malignancies treated with chemotherapy and one other had arthritis. The other three had no underlying diseases. (3) Three patients had multiple discrete infiltrates on chest roentgenograms. M. avium-intracellulare was isolated from their lung tissues. One of these patients exhibited necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis indistinguishable from Wegener's granulomatosis. It is apparent that classical "tuberculosis-like" granulomatous reaction is the most common histologic pattern but should not be expected in all patients with NTM infections. PMID- 7137112 TI - Mineral dusts as etiologic agents in pulmonary fibrosis: the diagnostic role of analytical scanning electron microscopy. AB - This report demonstrates the value of analytical scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in the evaluation of patients with fibrosing pulmonary disease. We describe the findings in six illustrative cases in which prebiopsy or premortem clinical and epidemiologic information did not suggest an etiologic association with exposure to fibrogenic dusts. Exogenous materials were inconstantly recognized by polarized light microscopy, but examination by SEM resulted in localization of significant inorganic deposits in the biopsy and autopsy tissues studied. Talc, mica, graphite, and mixed inorganic dusts were found in these six cases. Characterization of this material by SEM morphology and x-ray energy spectrometry provided the basis for re-appraisal of the exposure history and its potential pathogenetic importance. The technics described utilize routinely processed, paraffin-embedded tissue, and are readily applicable to problems encountered in the hospital setting. PMID- 7137113 TI - Serum total and isoenzyme lactate dehydrogenase activity in American Burkitt's lymphoma patients. AB - Serum total lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and LDH isoenzyme activities were studied in 45 American patients with a tissue diagnosis of Burkitt's lymphoma. Serum total LDH activity correlated with tumor burden as determined by clinical staging at presentation or clinical stage of the disease process ("disease status"). Tumor lysis by chemotherapy considerably increased the serum total LDH activity. For the LDH isoenzyme pattern, the largest relative increases were found with LDH3 and LDH4, whereas the highest isoenzyme activities occurred with LDH2 and LDH3. Thus, the total and isoenzyme LDH activities are helpful to evaluate the tumor burden and prognosis in patients with Burkitt's lymphoma. PMID- 7137114 TI - An analysis of the importance of the "labile" fraction of glycosylated hemoglobin as determined by a minicolumn method. AB - The authors have studied the contribution of the labile fraction of glycosylated hemoglobin to the total glycosylated hemoglobin (GH) in hospitalized, poorly controlled diabetic patients, and in a large group of outpatient diabetics using a conventional minicolumn method. A 5-hour saline incubation of erythrocytes or extensive dialysis of hemoglobin against a glucose-free buffer were used to remove the labile glycohemoglobin fraction. Equivalent results were obtained with either method. The change in GH after dialysis in a group of poorly controlled diabetics averaged 1.1%, but only 0.2% in a group of outpatients whose glycohemoglobin levels were being determined on a routine basis. In both groups, the size of the dialyzable fraction increased in proportion to the total GH level, and outpatients with a dialyzable fraction greater than or equal to 2.0% always had GH levels greater than or equal to 12.0%. In most cases where the total glycohemoglobin was less than 12%, the size of the dialyzable fraction approached the limits of the analytical variability of the minicolumn method (SD = approximately 0.3). The authors conclude that while saline incubation of erythrocytes is a practical procedure for removal of labile glycohemoglobin in a routine clinical laboratory, the use of this procedure is probably only necessary for patients with a high level of total glycosylated hemoglobin. PMID- 7137115 TI - Eight-parameter automated hematology analyzers: comparison of two flow cytometric systems. AB - The performance of two high-speed 8-parameter automated hematology analyzers (Coulter Counter S-plus and ELT-8) were compared with that of reference instruments (Coulter Counter S Sr and Technicon Autocounter). The precision, linearity, and lack of carry-over of both instruments were superior over that of existing equipment. The especially noteworthy feature of the instruments was their excellent performance in the range of extreme values of both white blood cells and platelets. This enhanced performance, and the fact that all presently known relevant hematologic parameters can be measured by a single instrument on a single sample, make the contribution of these two flow cytometric-based instruments a significant advance in the field of automated laboratory medicine. PMID- 7137116 TI - Lack of clinical relevance in routine final subcultures of radiometrically negative BACTEC blood culture vials. AB - During a 38-month period, 10,106 blood specimens were received in the laboratory for culture. These were inoculated into 26,424 vials and processed using the BACTEC radiometric detection system. Of these vials, 1,914 were eventually found to be microbiologically positive. Isolates from 836 vials were judged to be contaminants. In the remaining 1,078 vials, growth was first detected visually or radiometrically in 1,062 and by final subculture in 16. Growth from these sixteen bottles represented 12 clinically significant bacteremic episodes in as many patients. In nine of these episodes, other culture vials from the same patient were positive radiometrically. Therefore, 358 of 361 (99.2%) bacteremic episodes were detected without the benefit of routine final subcultures. The three patients whose bacteremia was missed were diagnosed clinically and placed on appropriate therapy prior to the detection of the bacteremias by final subculture. PMID- 7137117 TI - Antilung antibodies in asthma. AB - Twenty-four asthmatic patients were evaluated for the presence of circulating cytotoxic lung antibodies. These patients were further classified as either extrinsic or intrinsic asthmatics on the basis of skin testing, age of onset, and atopic history. Of the 12 patients considered to have extrinsic asthma, 10 had positive titers, one borderline, and one negative for cytotoxic lung antibodies. In the group of 12 patients classified as intrinsic asthmatics, eight had negative titers, two borderline, and two positive for cytotoxic lung antibodies. Adsorption studies indicated that these antibodies were organ-specific. Twenty normal non-smoking controls were also tested, all of whom were negative. Five patients with allergic rhinitis, positive intradermal skin tests, and no history of asthma were found to be negative for cytotoxic lung antibodies. PMID- 7137118 TI - Use of a multichannel analysis profile for the assessment of risk of developing coronary heart disease. AB - The use of serum total cholesterol: high density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC:HDL C) is well-established. Because HDL-C measurements are expensive, and cholesterol is part of the multichannel analysis profile, the author attempted to determine whether other parameters which are part of this profile could be useful indicators of the TC:HDL-C ratio. Based on an inverse correlation obtained in healthy men (42-59 years of age) between HDL-C and fasting plasma glucose (r = 0.40, P less than 0.001), triglycerides (r = 0.51, P less than 0.001), and uric acid (r = 0.29, P less than 0.01), a GUT (glucose, uric acid, triglyceride) score was calculated and correlated with the TC:HDL-C ratio (r = 0.86, P less than 0.001). In over 90% of cases the GUT score was able to predict whether an individual was likely to have a TC:HDL-C ratio of less than 4.5 or greater than 4.5. Thus, the GUT score is a useful indicator for an individual who is likely to require a lipid profile which includes HDL-C measurement. PMID- 7137119 TI - Lysozyme (muramidase) in pleural effusions and serum. AB - The authors evaluated the usefulness of paired pleural fluid and serum lysozyme determination in the differential diagnosis of pleurisies in 118 patients. Lysozyme activity of tuberculous effusions was found significantly higher (P less than 0.001) than that of effusions due to malignancy or heart failure, but considerable overlap of the individual values was observed. All patients with tuberculous pleurisy or tuberculous empyema, as well as a group of patients with suspected tuberculous effusion, had pleural fluid to serum lysozyme ratio of 1.0 or greater. In the remaining groups, only three patients, one with malignancy, one with lupus erythematosus, and one with sarcoidosis, exceeded this value. Their results suggest that pleural fluid to serum lysozyme ratio can be applied effectively in the differential diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy. PMID- 7137120 TI - Trapped plasma in the microhematocrit. AB - The amount of trapped plasma in the microhematocrit red blood cell column of samples from 25 normal individuals and 102 patients was investigated. The mean value for the normal individuals was 1.53%, and the mean values for the samples from the patient groups ranged from 1.41% to 1.82%. These groups included patients with sickle cell disease, iron deficiency, and hereditary spherocytosis. There was an inverse correlation between trapped plasma and the MCH in the samples from patients with iron-deficiency (MCH less than or equal to 25.0 pg). These findings have relevance to the determination of the PCV and derived red blood cell indices. PMID- 7137121 TI - Prothrombin antigen evaluation by means of laser nephelometry in health and disease. AB - Prothrombin antigen concentration was evaluated by means of laser nephelometry in 10 patients on coumarin therapy, in 17 patients with cirrhosis of the liver, and in four patients with congenital hypo- or dysprothrombinemias. The average values obtained were 46.4, 37.7, and 35.6%, respectively, for anticoagulated, cirrhotic, and congenitally abnormal patients. These values correlated well with those obtained by means of electroimmunoassay (Laurell) and immunodiffusion (Mancini) methods. Similarly, satisfactory results were obtained in eight normal subjects. Multiple evaluations at different incubation times, also allowed the authors to construct kinetic curves of the interaction between antigen and antibody. However, an abnormal kinetic curve was demonstrated only for coumarin-treated patients. PMID- 7137122 TI - A rapid chromogenic method for the determination of prothrombin precursor in plasma. AB - A method was described for the quantitation of precursor prothrombin using a chromogenic substrate S2238 and Dispholidus typus venom. Prothrombin precursor was detected in the adsorbed plasma of all 65 patients on coumadin therapy tested, but was absent in 20 controls. The technic offered a rapid and sensitive method for determining if a prolonged prothrombin time is due to vitamin K antagonism or deficiency. PMID- 7137123 TI - A source of false results in the intraoperative parathyroid density test. AB - A simple density test offering a valuable clue for the intraoperative differentiation of parathyroid hyperplasia from neoplasia has been described. According to the authors, if a sliver of parathyroid tissue taken from the central portion of a parathyroid gland does not sink in a mannitol solution of a defined specific gravity, it is normal. We have encountered a situation in which a sliver from the central position of an abnormal gland did not sink, thereby seemingly negating the test's utility. However, microscopic examination of the sliver revealed the reason it floated, and an additional sliver from near the surface of the same gland sank. Caution in choosing the appropriate portion of the gland to be tested is emphasized in order to avoid confusing false-negative results, or abandoning what has otherwise been a simple, fast, and accurate adjuvant intraoperative test in our laboratory. PMID- 7137124 TI - Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin in a young adult. AB - Neuroendocrine (Merkel cell) carcinoma of the skin is usually a tumor found in elderly individuals. Microscopically, the tumor is a small cell carcinoma that involves primarily the dermis. The dominant ultrastructural features are the presence of short cell processes containing small, dense-core, membrane-bound granules. The tumor is often locally aggressive, has the potential to metastasize to lymph nodes, and eventually causes death. The authors report a case of such a neoplasm that affected a 24-year-old man with congenital ectodermal dysplasia. It was associated with a concurrent basal cell carcinoma. PMID- 7137125 TI - Systemic visceral talc granulomatosis associated with miliary tuberculosis in a drug addict. AB - Light and scanning electron microscopic study of tissues obtained at biopsy and at autopsy from a 64-year-old male drug addict revealed the presence of foreign body granulomas associated with birefringent crystals in the lungs, liver, bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes. Caseating granulomas associated with Mycobacteriaceae tuberculosis were also present. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis identified the crystals as talc. Minute talc crystals were also visualized in urine sediment, by scanning electron microscopy and identified by energy dispersive X-ray analysis. PMID- 7137126 TI - Coping with urban crime: women's use of precautionary behaviors. AB - This investigation examines the impact of three sets of variables, neighborhood conditions, psychological factors, and life circumstances, on women's use of behaviors designed to protect themselves from criminal victimization. Participants in the study were 299 women living in Philadelphia, Chicago, and San Francisco. Two types of precautionary behaviors were identified: avoiding dangerous situations (e.g., by not going out alone at night) and managing risks in the face of possible danger (e.g., by asking repairmen for identification). The three sets of variables were better able to predict avoidance than risk management behavior. Commonality analyses revealed that psychological factors uniquely accounted for the largest proportion of the variance in the use of both types of precautions. In multiple regression analyses, fear, perceived physical competence, race, and education were significant predictors of avoidance, while fear and perceptions of local social disorder had significant regression effects on risk-management. Implications of the results for research and social policies regarding the impact of crime on communities are discussed, and this area is suggested as a rich context for the exploration of styles of coping with environmental stressors. PMID- 7137127 TI - Social networks and psychiatric clients: the personal and environmental context. AB - The study examines the extent to which characteristics of psychiatric clients (interpersonal problem-solving) and their families (family climate and family social resources) are associated with dimensions of clients' social networks (size and support). Respondents were 35 clients recruited from outpatient psychiatric clinics and the family members with whom they resided. The results revealed that individual and environmental variables were significant correlates of social network dimensions. For example, client problem-solving was positively related to the number of intimates cited by the client, while level of independence was positively related to the degree of support clients reported receiving from their peers. Level of client psychopathology partially moderated the effects of some of the predictor variables. The results highlight the need to examine the individual and environmental processes that shape and are shaped by social network patterns. PMID- 7137128 TI - Social support and adjustment: predictive benefits of social climate indices. AB - This study estimates the relationship between social support and physical and psychological adjustment, using measures that afford a qualitative assessment of social support. Qualitative indices of social support in family (Family Relationships Index) and work (Work Relationships Index) environments were derived from available social climate measures. Respondents were a randomly selected community sample of 267 male and 267 female adult family members. Results support hypotheses that qualitative measures of support in family and work environments predict psychosomatic complaints and depression after variance due to negative life change and quantitative measures of social support is accounted for. While the work environment is a more important source of support for men than women, the family environment provides an especially potent source of support for unemployed women. PMID- 7137129 TI - Social support in high-risk adolescents: structural components and adaptive impact. AB - This study examines the structure of social support and its relationship to adjustment for adolescents from high-stress lower socioeconomic class inner-city backgrounds. An attempt is made to (a) identify meaningful dimensions of perceived social support for this population; (b) examine the degree to which the perceived helpfulness of each source of support varied as a function of age, sex, and ethnic background; and (c) determine the relationship between the dimensions of social support, personal characteristics of the adolescent, and indices of personal and academic adjustment. Factor analyses reveal three distinct support dimensions: Family, Formal, and Informal Support. Multivariate and univariate analyses of variance show differences in the perceived helpfulness of the support dimensions as a function of the adolescent's age, sex, and ethnic background as well as in the relationship of each source of support to the adjustment indices. Implications of the findings for elaborating the impact of social support on coping efforts are discussed. PMID- 7137130 TI - Participation in community intervention design. AB - The role of values in the design of community interventions is discussed. It is argued that participation in the design of community interventions by community members and professional staff associated with the problem of interest is congruent with the values of community psychology. The application and empirical support for the use of five methods for eliciting participation are evaluated. A model of intervention design consisting of seven stages is provided to demonstrate the relative efficacy of participation. PMID- 7137131 TI - Evaluation of a community-based system for training natural helpers. II. Effects on informal helping activities. AB - A set of 37 rural "natural helpers" chose to become involved in a community-based program of training to enhance their helping skills. Data were collected on the following dimensions of the helpers' informal helping activities: number of helping interactions, different persons helped, relationship to helpee, length of helping contact, location, types of helpee problems, kinds of helping behaviors used, and helper-perceived confidence, helpfulness, and satisfaction. Comparison of helpers' reports on these dimensions prior to and after training showed these changes: (a) a greater proportion of interaction with spouses, (b) more interaction in helpees' homes, and (c) more confidence in helping. Comparisons of changes between helpers who acquired specific helping skills and those who did not gave indeterminant results. Helpers' reports of their community behaviors were not congruent with direct observations of their behavior in evaluation sessions. PMID- 7137132 TI - Natural networks: help-giving and help-seeking in two rural communities. AB - A group of 213 respondents in rural communities were interviewed about their help giving and help-seeking behaviors related to 11 problems of living. Respondents were asked whom they had talked to within their natural community networks, who was most helpful, and how effective they rated the helping. The results indicate that over 80% of the respondents saw themselves as active help-givers and receivers in exchanges with spouses, friends, relatives, and others. A wide range of helping activities were reported, led by attempts to understand another person's situation and feelings and just listening. Differences in help-giving and help-seeking were noted. Respondents indicated a general willingness to tackle problems, a preference for help from people within their networks, and that this type of help is effective. PMID- 7137133 TI - The effects of involuntary residential relocation: a review. AB - Research on the effects of involuntary residential relocation on the personal adjustment of individuals is examined. These relocations include institutional transfers, job transfers, and urban renewal projects. The research indicates that although such relocations frequently result in physical and emotional stress reactions, these effects are stronger for some groups and occur only under certain circumstances. The variability in personal reactions to relocation is explained in terms of three types of approaches: the first emphasizes stable individual characteristics; the second, cognitive mediators; and the third, environmental characteristics. The major implication of this review is that relocation be examined from an ecological perspective, which takes into account both the subjective and objective features of the old and new environments. PMID- 7137135 TI - Systemic lymphoma initially presenting as an esophageal mass. PMID- 7137134 TI - Cryptosporidia enteritis in a healthy professional athlete. PMID- 7137136 TI - Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus: a case report with endoscopic and electron microscopic studies. PMID- 7137137 TI - Gastric epithelial dysplasia in relapsing and nonrelapsing gastric ulcer. AB - In 50 patients with benign gastric ulcer (eight relapsing, 42 nonrelapsing) the evolution of the edge and scar histological characteristics was studied with special regard to the pressure and modification of epithelial dysplasia. The patients were endoscopically followed-up; for 1 to 74 months. Dysplasia was present in 29% of observations made in active ulcer and in 19% of patients with scarring gastric ulcer. Severe dysplasia was found only in one case. During follow-up, regression of the dysplastic changes was documented in 64% of the cases, progression from mild to moderate dysplasia in 4%, while no change was recorded in 32%. Appearance of dysplasia or progression from mild to moderate was seen in 62% of the relapsing cases, as opposed to 14% of the nonrelapsing cases (p less than 0.005). Dysplastic changes, usually mild, are relatively frequent in the mucosa both at the edge and scar of gastric ulcer, but they tend to disappear with the healing of the ulcer. Appearance or progression in severity of dysplasia during follow-up are rare, but significantly more frequent in relapsing ulcers, which therefore require more careful follow-up. PMID- 7137138 TI - The "brown bowel syndrome": a case report. AB - Brownish discoloration of the muscular layers of the small intestine has been described in association with deficiency of fat soluble vitamin E occurring in various disorders with malabsorption. A patient presenting with diarrhea ultimately found to have "brown bowel syndrome" is reported with serum levels of vitamin E before and during treatment. A brief review of the nature and significance of ceroid pigmentation of the intestine is included; however, the pathophysiology of the brown bowel syndrome remains to be fully elucidated. PMID- 7137139 TI - Colonoscopic retroflexion in the evaluation of rectal disease. AB - Although previously described and advocated, rectal retroflexion has not been well studied as a diagnostic maneuver. We report 75 cases in which the maneuver was performed during colonoscopy or fibersigmoidoscopy. The technique was both easily performed by the examiner and well tolerated by patients. Rectal retroflexion increased diagnostic yield in six of 75 patients. It proved a useful adjunct to the standard forward-view of the rectum in the evaluation of internal hemorrhoids and in the detection of small perirectal polyps and rectal inflammatory bowel disease. Excluding patients with severe proctitis or a contracted rectal vault, rectal retroflexion is a valuable technique for the evaluation of suspected rectal disease. PMID- 7137140 TI - Abdominal lymphoma mimicking a pancreatic pseudo-cyst. PMID- 7137141 TI - Effects of parathyroidectomy and hemigastrectomy on exocrine pancreatic secretion on dogs. AB - The effects of parathyroidectomy on secretory functions of the pancreas were studied in a group of dogs with previous hemigastrectomy. Free flow of pancreatic juice was obtained by direct cannulation of the main pancreatic duct. A gastric fistula prevented the entry of gastric acid into the duodenum. Parathyroidectomy caused a significant decrease in the secretin-induced volume and bicarbonate secretion. Pentagastrin administration produced a slight increase in volume and bicarbonate secretion which remained below preparathyroidectomy levels. These results were not dependent on calcium blood levels and did not change after calcium administration to the hypocalcemic-parathyroidectomy dog. It is suggested that parathyroid hormone effect on pancreatic secretion is not mediated via gastrin but due at least in part to direct action on the parenchyma. PMID- 7137143 TI - Ruptured hepatic abscess: a rare cause of spontaneous pneumoperitoneum. AB - A 68-yr-old woman who developed an acute abdomen with clinical and radiological evidence of pneumoperitoneum is is described. At surgery, multiple left lobe hepatic abscesses were identified. Perforation of one abscess was apparent. Bacteriological studies revealed Streptococcus faecalis and gas-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae from the abscess cavities. Spontaneous pneumoperitoneum secondary to a ruptured hepatic abscess has to our knowledge never been reported. PMID- 7137142 TI - Chronic pancreatitis and the hepatobiliary system. AB - Alcohol-induced chronic pancreatitis involving the head of pancreas may have profound effects on the hepatobiliary system. The natural history, complications, and management of the syndrome are presented, using selected cases to emphasize important features. Chronic pancreatitis can cause mechanical obstruction to both the distal common bile duct and the proximal pancreatic duct. In the common bile duct this will result in proximal dilatation above the stenosis with bile stasis. Possible sequelae are ascending cholangitis, cholecystitis, biliary calculi formation, and secondary biliary cirrhosis. The mechanical effects of stricture of the proximal pancreatic duct may exacerbate pancreatic dysfunction. The clinicopathological spectrum of chronic pancreatitis with biliary obstruction encompasses three clinical types--"transient," "recurrent", and "persistent." The widespread effects of the syndrome are evident from the involvement of pancreas, proximal pancreatic duct, papilla of Vater, liver, peripheral biliary tree, common bile duct, gallbladder, and reticuloendothelial system. Essential to management is surgery which should be considered when there is objective evidence of obstruction to the common bile duct. Choledochoduodenostomy is the preferred type of operation. If dilatation is mild and jaundice transient, conservative therapy with careful observation is advocated. PMID- 7137144 TI - An abdominal soft tissue mass caused by mesenteric fibromatosis. PMID- 7137145 TI - The use of a single gamma camera in radionuclide assessment of gastric emptying. AB - The assessment of gastric emptying rates by radionuclide labeled test meals has been developing over the past decade. Some investigators have advocated the use of two gamma counters positioned anteriorly and posteriorly to the stomach to attain accurate measurements. Theoretical considerations and phantom studies presented herein demonstrate that a single gamma counter may be used with acceptable accuracy. Application of the technique described will allow for the clinical assessment of gastric emptying in virtually any nuclear medicine department. PMID- 7137146 TI - The influenza herald wave. AB - For three successive years (1976-1979), the community surveillance system of the Influenza Research Center identified a wave of influenza virus infections which occurred during the latter half of one epidemic period and which heralded the epidemic virus for the following year. Recognition of the herald waves required consistent and continuous sampling of respiratory illnesses occurring among persons who constituted a substantial proportion of the population of over two million people in Harris County, TX. The herald wave infections consisted of only 0.4-2.0% of the 2500 to 3000 respiratory illnesses examined for virus. During the first two epidemic periods, the herald wave was easily detected as a wave of influenza B virus infections occurring during an influenza A virus epidemic and then a wave of influenza A virus infections during an influenza B virus epidemic. The third herald wave was obscured because it consisted of a small number of infections caused by viruses antigenically like A/Brazil/11/78(H1N1) which occurred at the end of the outbreak caused by influenza A/USSR/90/77 (H1N1). The herald wave infections were detected among persons who lived in widely scattered areas of the county and who were representative of all age and socioeconomic groups. the herald wave phenomenon has the obvious benefit of providing information about the virus most likely to produce an epidemic during the next respiratory disease season. Under optimal conditions, this could allow six to nine months to prepare and administer control measures. PMID- 7137147 TI - An epidemic outbreak of hepatitis A among homosexual men in Stockholm. Hepatitis A, a special hazard for the male homosexual subpopulation in Sweden. AB - In 1979-1980, a distinct outbreak of hepatitis A occurred among homosexual men in Stockholm, Sweden, city and county area. The epidemic comprised 145 known cases. It began in December 1979 and progressed in waves during the following 10 months, with three distinct peaks separated by about six-week intervals. Actually, the incidence of hepatitis A in the Stockholm area showed a fivefold increase during 1980 as compared to the previous year. Clinical serologic, and social characteristics were studied more closely in 98 of the 145 homosexual men. Verification of hepatitis A was made by a solid-phase radioimmunoassay technique for detection of antibody to hepatitis A virus of the immunoglobulin M class. In addition, 64% of the men showed findings consistent with a prior hepatitis B (antibody to hepatitis B core antigen and/or antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen) and 34% were Treponema pallidum immobilization-positive from a prior or concomitant syphilis. Employment in risk professionals was common; thus, 19% worked in restaurants or otherwise handled food and 20% were engaged in medical care as compared to the 1% occupied in either branch of work among the general population in Sweden. Sexual habits with multiple partners and oral-anal sexual contacts were judged to be of major importance in the spread of this epidemic. Some spread of hepatitis A to the general population probably occurred due to the risk occupations of many homosexual men. PMID- 7137148 TI - Seroepidemiology of infection with hepatitis B virus in Fiji. AB - A batch of 984 sera obtained from a stratified sample of Melanesians and Indians living in rural and urban areas of Fiji in 1981 were for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) by solid phase radioimmunoassay. The prevalence of hepatitis B infection (as measured by the sum of HBsAg and anti-HBc frequencies of HBsAg negative sera in the two groups) was 81.5% and 17.9%, respectively. No major differences were detected between urban and rural populations. While hepatitis B virus is endemic in Melanesians and Indians, the epidemiology of the infection shows certain differences. Among Melanesians, infection appears to be acquired early in life and peak prevalence of serologic markers of infection occurs during the second decade. Among the Indian population, the prevalence of markers increases steadily with age, presumably as a result of continuous exposure and infection throughout life. the high prevalence of infection and carriers among Melanesians is consistent with previous observations among Pacific populations. The lower prevalence of infection among Indians is remarkable, since they constitute almost half of the total population and live under similar conditions. Since the two populations remain largely separate in terms of housing and schooling, and intermarriage is uncommon, it is no possible to determine whether these differences merely represent different degrees of exposure to the virus or are the reflection of differences in susceptibility or response to infection. PMID- 7137150 TI - Risk of cancer and death in relation to serum cholesterol. A longitudinal study in an eastern Finnish population with high overall cholesterol level. AB - The relationship of the risk of cancer and death to total serum cholesterol was studied in a random population sample from two counties of Eastern Finland. Data on total serum cholesterol were recorded between February and April 1972 for 3745 men and 4221 women aged 30 to 59 years who had no history of cancer, diabetes, or cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease in the preceding 12 months. The participating rate in the survey was 92% in men and 94% in women. During six years from January 1, 1973 to December 31, 1978, cancer occurred in 65 men and 78 women at risk and 130 men and 52 women died of any disease. The risk of cancer bore no relationship to serum cholesterol either in men or in women. In men, the risk of death due to any disease and coronary heart disease rose steadily with increasing serum cholesterol from the level of 270 mg/dl (7.0 mmol/liter), whereas in women there was no association between serum cholesterol and the risk of death. PMID- 7137149 TI - Contrasting patterns of familiality for cholesterol and triglyceride in Finland according to type of coronary manifestations and locations. AB - A descriptive genetic analysis (offspring between parent plot) was applied to serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels of 1044 Finnish subjects who were parents, siblings, spouses, and offspring of 204 male probands with angina pectoris or nonfatal myocardial infarction before age 55 years. The same analysis was also applied to 511 relatives of 106 control men matched to the probands for age and location (northeastern Finland or southern Finland). Striking differences in the plot results for triglyceride data suggest that male probands with angina pectoris as first evidence of coronary disease had different familial characteristics than those with nonfatal myocardial infarction at the onset. Further plot contrasts suggest stronger major gene effects for cholesterol and triglyceride levels in northeastern Finland, both in case and control families. Genetic makeup may help explain why men in northeastern Finland have the world's highest rate of early coronary heart disease. PMID- 7137153 TI - Age and sex as factors influencing remission duration in African Burkitt's lymphoma. AB - The frequency of Burkitt's lymphoma peaks in children six to nine years of age and is twice as high in males as in females. To determine if age or sex had any relationship to outcome of therapy, the authors examined the experience of 387 patients treated for Burkitt's lymphoma at the Burkitt Tumor Project, Accra, Ghana, between 1966 and 1978. No age or sex relationship could be demonstrated with overall survival. However, among children without central nervous system disease who achieved an initial remission, the relapse rates were higher for those diagnosed initially in the age interval 6-9 years than for those diagnosed at younger or older ages. This pattern was seen for each stage of the disease as well as overall. Sex did not influence relapse rate. The relationship of these findings to the Epstein-Barr virus and malaria, both suspected factors in the etiology of this disease, is discussed, but neither appears to explain our results. PMID- 7137152 TI - Drinking water and cancer in Louisiana. A retrospective mortality study. AB - Thirteen Louisiana parishes (counties) using the Mississippi river as a source of potable water have the highest mortality rates (1950-1969) in the drinking water source, a comparison of cancer deaths and noncancer deaths from 1960-1975 in selected southern Louisiana parishes was conducted. Parishes were grouped for similarities in industrialization and approximately equal exposure of the population to surface water and ground water. Cancers were studied in groups by hypothesized risk: high for bladder, colon, kidney, liver, lymphoma, rectum, and stomach; low for Hodgkin's lymphoma, leukemia, lung, malignant melanoma, multiple myeloma, and prostate; and questionable for breast, brain, esophagus, and pancreas. Noncancer deaths were randomly selected and matched 1:1 to cancer deaths on age, race, sex, and year and parish group of death. Water source at death was based on residence at death, surface or ground water, and chlorinated or nonchlorinated water. The risk associated with using surface water least likely due solely to change occurred for cancer of the rectum. Other risks which were lower but still greater than 1.0 occurred for cancer of the kidney and breast. No risk was observed for other cancers of the gastrointestinal or urinary tract. Risk for multiple myeloma was associated with use of ground water. PMID- 7137151 TI - Breast cancer in relation to patterns of oral contraceptive use. AB - A total of 112 white females residents of King County, Washington, aged 35-54 years, who had received a first diagnosis of invasive breast cancer between July 1977 add August 1978, were investigated concerning prior use of oral contraceptives. Their responses were compared with those of a random sample of 469 demographically comparable women from the same population. Overall, oral contraceptive use in cases and controls was similar. However, use of oral contraceptives in preparous women was more common among cases than controls, with the estimated risk of breast cancer associated with such use being 2.2 times that of nonusers (90% confidence interval = 1.1-4.6). This relationship could be explained only in part by the effect of oral contraceptives in postponing or preventing childbirth. The association of breast cancer with use of oral contraceptives prior to ever giving birth has been observed in three studies, including this one, suggesting that the susceptibility of breast tissue to hormonal factors that influence the development of malignancy may be altered by having been exposed to the events of pregnancy. PMID- 7137155 TI - Adjustment for obesity in studies of cardiovascular disease. AB - To evaluate the validity and implications of using various obesity indices in adjusting or controlling for obesity, correlations were analyzed between six cardiovascular disease risk factors, age, cholesterol, log triglyceride, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and fasting plasma glucose, and weight (W), height (H), and five commonly used obesity indices, W/H, W/H2, 3 square root W/H, -H/3 square root W, and relative weight in a defined population of 4956 men and women. Subjects were residents of Rancho Bernardo, California and were surveyed in 1972-1974. Correlations of weight, height, and the obesity indices were also evaluated with each other. W/H, 3 square root W/H, and -H/3 square root W were highly correlated with weight (correlations = 0.96-0.997), but also correlated with height (correlations = 0.10-0.48). These very high correlations with weight and moderate correlations with height resulted in risk factor correlations with these three indices reflecting weight-risk factor correlations rather than obesity-risk factor correlations. W/H2 and relative weight were not quite so highly correlated with weight (correlations = 0.83-0.89), very highly correlated with each other (correlations = 0.999), and relatively uncorrelated with height (correlations = 0.17-0.01). W/H2 and relative weight risk factor correlations reflected true obesity-risk factor correlations and were significantly greater than risk factor correlations with weight, W/H, 3 square root W/H, and -H/3 square root W. These data strongly support the use of either W/H2 or relative weight for obesity adjustment in cardiovascular disease studies. Use of W/H, 3 square root W/H, or -H/3 square root W may result in underadjustment for obesity. PMID- 7137154 TI - Mortality related to diabetes and blood glucose levels in a community study. AB - A prospective 29-year population study of diabetes in Oxford, MA, is the basis for a case-control analysis of diabetes mortality rates and their validity. Two case groups were considered, one consisting of previously known diabetics at the study's inception in 1946 and the other defined by hyperglycemia above 140 mg/dl. Mortality rates were significantly higher for diabetics than for age- and sex matched controls, and disproportionately higher for women largely due to the advantageous mortality experience of nondiabetic women compared to nondiabetic men. Estimated survival experience showed longevity to be shorter by some 10 to 15 years for the female and six to nine years for the male diabetic. Mortality rates were also significantly higher for the hyperglycemic group than for matched controls. Although deaths from cardiovascular causes were predominant, they proved significantly higher for women with known diabetes only. Substantial underreporting of diabetes on the death certificates persisted in every decade of the study. The proportion of prevalent and incident cases of diabetes during the 19-year period of the study, whose diagnosis failed to appear anywhere on the death certificate, was found to be at or above 50%. Among subjects with death certificates that did not list diabetes, 4.4 to 14.1% were known to have diabetes, based on the underlying composition of the sample. Prevalent cases of diabetes had a higher reporting rate than incident cases, suggesting that duration of diabetes may also be a factor in such rates. PMID- 7137156 TI - Epidemiologic studies of Streptococcus pneumoniae in infants. The effects of season and age on pneumococcal acquisition and carriage in the first 24 months of life. AB - In a study of the natural history of pneumococcal carriage and infection in infants enrolled at birth in Birmingham, Alabama from November 1974 to December 1975, the authors observed patterns of acquisition and carriage that appeared to be influenced by age and the season of the year. To describe more precisely these effects, the original data were used to construct multiple regression models for acquisition, carriage rates, and duration of carriage of pneumococci during the first 24 months of life. The acquisition rate was strongly seasonal, with a marked winter peak and summer low. Seasonal rate increased with age, while the duration of carriage decreased; these combined effects were reflected in the carriage rate, which increased sharply up to the age of nine months, then leveled off. While age and season accounted for a relatively small part of the variation in acquisition and carriage rates, the models were found to fit the data very well. The authors were able to analyze the data in a precise fashion, confirm earlier observations, and relate them to the work of other investigators over the past 50 years. PMID- 7137157 TI - Hemolytic streptococci and streptococcal antibodies in normal schoolchildren in Kuwait. AB - A total of 1041 asymptomatic "normal" schoolchildren in Kuwait, aged 6-16 years, were investigated over six months from November 1978 through April 1979 for hemolytic streptococcal throat carriage and for streptococcal immune response. A high carrier rate of beta-hemolytic streptococci (47%) with an unusually high prevalence of group C (32%) was found. Group A was isolated in 10%, group B in 2%, and group G in 3% of the children. Comparison of the prevalence of the different serogroups of beta-hemolytic streptococci in our study with that of similar studies reported from temperate, subtropical, and tropical zones showed a high prevalence of groups C and G and a lower prevalence of group A in subtropical and tropical countries in contrast to a high prevalence of group A and lower prevalence of groups C and G in countries with temperate climate. The geometric mean titer of antistreptolysin O in group A carriers in our study was 270 Todd units and significantly higher than that in group C carriers (p less than 0.001), while the geometric mean titer of antihyaluronidase in group A carriers was 240 units and significantly higher than that in groups B, C, and G carriers (p less than 0.0005). The high magnitude of the streptococcal immune response probably reflects a high frequency of streptococcal infections in schoolchildren in Kuwait and possibly indicates a high attack rate of rheumatic fever in the country. PMID- 7137158 TI - On the estimation and testing of interclass correlations: the general case of multiple replicates for each variable. AB - Methods have recently been developed for the estimation and testing of mother child correlations. In this report, these methods are extended to the general case of assessing interclass correlations where multiple replicates are allowed for each of the two classes of individuals under consideration. An algorithm is presented for obtaining the maximal likelihood estimator and an asymptotic test of significance is provided. In addition, a computationally convenient significance test is derived based on the pairwise estimator whereby one estimates the effective number of degrees of freedom in a family as a function of the number of replicates and the estimated intraclass correlation for each of the two types of individuals and sums up the effective degrees of freedom over all families in the sample. These methods are shown to be applicable to more general situations than the analysis of familial data, including the assessment of correlations between two variables measured at one point in time or the same variable measured at two points in time. PMID- 7137159 TI - Re: "interaction of alcohol and tobacco in laryngeal cancer". PMID- 7137160 TI - Re: "a review of goodness of fit statistics for use in the development of logistic regression models". PMID- 7137161 TI - Random and patterned misclassification and bias in case-control studies. PMID- 7137162 TI - Community levels of blood glucose. PMID- 7137163 TI - Hemoglobin E diseases: hematological, analytical, and biosynthetic studies in homozygotes and double heterozygotes for alpha-thalassemia. AB - Two families with Hb E diseases are described. In the Laotian family S, three homozygous Hb E were found. In the Vietnamese family H, double heterozygous Hb E alpha-thalassemia-2 and Hb E-Hb H diseases were found. Anemia or hemolysis was absent in Hb E carriers, unless complicated by iron deficiency, the presence of severe alpha-thalassemia gene (Hb H disease), or oxidative drug (paraaminosalicylic acid). Moreover, iron deficiency or concurrent alpha thalassemia genes resulted in a decreased amount of Hb E in its heterozygous carriers. Mild microcytosis and hypochromia were observed in Hb E heterozygotes, whereas the microcytosis and hypochromia were more pronounced in Hb E homozygotes. Globin chain synthesis studies yielded unbalanced alpha/non-alpha ratios in both heterozygotes and homozygotes (average ratios were 1.13 and 1.56, respectively). The unbalanced biosynthetic ratios with microcytosis and hypochromia in Hb E carriers represented a beta-thalassemia phenotype, which could be a result of reduced synthesis of beta E-globin mRNA, as suggested by recent hybridization studies. PMID- 7137166 TI - Simultaneous detection of two mechanisms of immune destruction of penicillin treated human red blood cells. AB - Two separate processes of putative red-cell destruction in penicillin-induced immune hemolysis were measured simultaneously by a rapid (3 hour) assay utilizing 51Cr-labelled red blood cells (RBC). Antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) was estimated by release of 51Cr; and antibody-dependent phagocytosis (ADPh) by quantitation of 51Cr uptake into mononuclear phagocytes as well as by counts of engulfed RBC. Attacking cells were obtained by Ficoll Hypaque separation of peripheral blood from normal donors. Phagocytosis as well as lysis were proportional to anti-penicillin antiserum concentration, to incubation time, and to the concentration of the attacking cells. Enrichment of mononuclear phagocytes in the attacking cell population by albumin gradient separation led to an increase in phagocytosis as well as in cytotoxicity. Depletion of mononuclear phagocytes resulted in a decline in both processes. Dilution of antiserum abolished ADCC but affected ADPh only slightly. Iodoacetate as well as colchicine inhibited both activities. These results indicate that both processes may be operative in the immune destruction of RBC in vivo. PMID- 7137167 TI - Periodic neutropenia and monocytopenia. AB - A patient with periodic neutropenia exhibited simultaneous monocytopenia, and epinephrine infusion revealed no monocytes in the marginating pool during neutropenia. Lymphocytes, eosinophils, and platelets also fluctuated periodically, but serial bone marrow studies and epinephrine infusion data indicate these fluctuations could have represented epiphenomena rather than a more global form of periodic hematopoiesis. Bone marrow descriptions of most cases of periodic neutropenia have indicated a "maturation arrest" at the promyelocyte or myelocyte stage prior to development of neutropenia; peripheral blood monocytes are usually normal or fluctuate out of phase with neutrophils. In this present case, "maturation arrest" occurred at the myeloblast stage, and neutrophils and monocytes cycled together. Morphologically normal eosinophilopoiesis with a mean eosinophil to erythroid ratio in the marrow of 0.27 +/- 0.10 (SD) persisted despite a sustained disappearance of promyelocytes. PMID- 7137165 TI - Clinical, hematological, and biochemical features of Hb SC disease. AB - Twenty-seven patients were seen and followed at our Sickle Cell Center over a period of seven years. Their clinical, hematological, and biochemical features were determined and compared to those of patients with sickle cell anemia who were concurrently investigated. The data indicate that the mild anemia of hemoglobin (Hb) SC disease is slightly microcytic and hyperchromatic. Parameters of hemolysis and the complications of chronic hemolytic anemia (cholelithiasis, leg ulcers, hepatomegaly, and cardiomegaly) are milder in Hb SC disease than in sickle cell anemia. Asplenia and its sequelae (increased platelet count and reduced serum IgM levels) are less frequent in Hb SC disease. Cerebrovascular accidents and the decreased leukocyte alkaline phosphatase scores are similar in both diseases. Thromboembolic complications, retinopathy, and renal papillary necrosis are more frequent in Hb SC disease. PMID- 7137164 TI - Human macrophage hemoglobin-iron metabolism in vitro. AB - An entirely in vitro technique was employed to characterize hemoglobin-iron metabolism by human macrophages obtained by culture of blood monocytes and pulmonary alveolar macrophages. Macrophages phagocytized about three times as many erythrocytes as monocytes and six times as many erythrocytes as pulmonary alveolar macrophages. The rate of subsequent release of 59Fe to the extracellular transferrin pool was two- to fourfold greater for macrophages as compared to the other two cell types. The kinetics of 59Fe-transferrin release were characterized by a relatively rapid early phase (hours 1-4) followed by a slow phase (hours 4 72) for all three cell types. Intracellular movement of iron was characterized by a rapid shift from hemoglobin to ferritin that was complete with the onset of the slow phase of extracellular release. A transient increase in 59Fe associated with an intracellular protein eluting with transferrin was also observed within 1 hour after phagocytosis. The process of hemoglobin-iron release to extracellular transferrin was inhibited at 4 degrees C but was unaffected by inhibitory of protein synthesis, glycolysis, microtubule function, and microfilament function. These data emphasize the rapidity of macrophage hemoglobin iron metabolism, provide a model for characterization of this process in vitro, and in general confirm data obtained utilizing in vivo animal models. PMID- 7137168 TI - Acquired cyclic neutropenia: successful treatment with prednisone. AB - A previously healthy woman developed severe, periodic neutropenia after ingestion of phenylbutazone. Oscillations in the monocyte count and hemoglobin concentrations also occurred. The neutropenic episodes were associated with severe bacterial infections requiring hospitalization. Lithium induced a transient interruption in the neutropenia, but continued use was ineffective. Prednisone in a dosage of 100 mg daily successfully interrupted the neutrophil cycling and prevented infection. The patient has remained in remission on 10 mg of prednisone on alternate days. PMID- 7137169 TI - Iron overload in hereditary spherocytosis: association with HLA-linked hemochromatosis. AB - Heavy iron loading is a rare clinical finding in patients with hereditary spherocytosis. A pedigree was studied in which the proband, a 38-year-old man, had both hereditary spherocytosis and overt hemochromatosis. He had never received blood transfusions. The 8-year-old son of the proband also had hereditary spherocytosis and mildly increased iron stores. The 39-year-old brother of the proband did not have spherocytosis but did have overt hemochromatosis. Since hemochromatosis is transmitted as an HLA-linked autosomal recessive disorder, HLA haplotypes serve as markers of hemochromatosis alleles. In this pedigree only individuals with two hemochromatosis alleles (homozygosity) had heavy iron loads, whether hereditary spherocytosis was present or not. The presence of hereditary spherocytosis may have contributed to the magnitude of the iron loading but was not a major factor. Our findings suggest that nontransfusional hemochromatosis found in association with hereditary spherocytosis is due primarily to homozygosity for hemochromatosis. PMID- 7137170 TI - Inhibitory effect of short-chain aliphatic acids on deoxythymidine incorporation into DNA in mitogen-stimulated and leukemic lymphocytes. AB - The effect of short-chain aliphatic acids on [3H]deoxythymidine incorporation into DNA was studied in human mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes. Butyric acid at 1-2 mM level was strongly inhibitory; however, its hydroxy or amino derivatives were ineffective. Valeric and propionic acids were less inhibitory. Formic, acetic, and hexanoic acids did not have any inhibitory effect. The effect of butyrate persisted in washed lymphocytes for 24-48 hr depending on the concentration used and the time of its addition into the incubation medium. The inhibitory effects of butyrate, valerate, and propionate on deoxythymidine and amino acid incorporation into DNA and protein were also found in human leukocytes in myelocytic and lymphocytic leukemias. PMID- 7137171 TI - Malignant pericardial mesotheliomas and asbestos exposure: a case report. AB - Three cases of malignant pericardial mesotheliomas are presented with evidence of occupational asbestos exposure. Examination results are compared with findings from experimental and epidemiological research on biological effects of asbestos dust. There are sufficient indications that time-limited effects of asbestos dust established either by measurements or assessment of the amount of concentration after a latency of more than 20 years are apt to result in the development of mesotheliomas of the pleura and peritoneum and, moreover, the pericardium. It is suggested that malignant pericardial mesothelioma also be recognized as another form of occupational disease caused by asbestos dust. PMID- 7137172 TI - Occupation and oral cancer among women in the South. AB - A case-control interview study among 232 North Carolina women with oral or pharyngeal cancer and 410 matched controls evaluated the contribution of occupation to the high risk of this cancer among females in the South. Review of detailed occupational histories found no overall elevated odds ratios for employment in the textile, apparel, or hosiery industry, the major employer of women in the area. Risks also did not increase with years worked in the industry. The findings thus fail to confirm an association reported in surveys in the United States and Great Britain. A new clue to occupational factors was suggested by the excess risk associated with the electronics industry in coastal North Carolina, independent of the participants' tobacco habits. PMID- 7137173 TI - Multiple myeloma in cosmetologists. AB - In an hypothesis-generating activity, data in a population-based cancer registry were analyzed according to occupation and industry. The number of cases of multiple myeloma was found to be excessive for females in the occupation "cosmetologists, hairdressers and manicurists." Race did not explain the excess. People in this occupation have potential exposure to a number of chemicals that produce mutations in bacteria. Studies should be done to investigate the hypothesis that these chemicals cause multiple myeloma in cosmetologists. PMID- 7137174 TI - An outbreak of xylene intoxication in a hospital. AB - On January 3, 1980 an outbreak of illness occurred in 15 employees of a small community hospital. Symptoms included headache, nausea, vomiting, and dizziness or vertigo; the duration of illness ranged from 2 to 48 hours. The employees who became ill all worked in areas of the hospital served by one central ventilation system. None of the 180 persons working in other parts of the hospital developed symptoms requiring medical care. Less than 1 hour before the outbreak occurred, 1 liter of liquid xylene had been discarded down a sink drain in the pathology laboratory. Simulation experiments confirmed that xylene vapor could have been drawn into the room that contained the fan unit of the ventilation system. This outbreak illustrates an unusual route of exposure to a widely used laboratory chemical. PMID- 7137175 TI - Emergence of occupational medical services outside the workplace. AB - A new type of occupational medicine clinic has recently emerged in the United States. These clinics are multispecialty in staffing, are located in hospital outpatient departments, and are affiliated with academic medical centers. Their primary goal is to provide personal health and medical services including diagnosis, treatment, and follow-through of occupationally related diseases. Approximately 15 such clinics have been established in the last several years. A review of the medical, economic, and social forces that have historically shaped the content and scope of occupational medical and health services for workers explains in large part the reasons why many of these clinics have now come into being. Characteristics of eight of these clinics are reviewed in detail. These clinics provide a setting for interdisciplinary and interspecialty education of personnel and offer the medical community a demonstration of a means for better recognition and treatment of occupationally related illnesses. PMID- 7137176 TI - Occupational fluorosis through 50 years: clinical and epidemiological experiences. AB - Fifty years ago, in 1932, skeletal fluorosis was discovered as an occupational disease in cryolite workers in Copenhagen, Denmark. Following the initial reports, new cases were identified in other industries, such as the production of aluminum and superphosphate fertilizer. In light cases of fluorosis, the bone changes are often associated with nonspecific joint and muscle pains, but the disease may be entirely asymptomatic. The fluoride-induced osteosclerosis seems to be reversible, but the long-term significance of fluoride accumulation in the body is not known. Family cases of dental fluorosis have been occurred in long term residents near fluoride-emitting industries, and in hot areas with high, natural fluoride levels in the drinking water. Skeletal fluorosis has only played a minor role in the discussion concerning fluoridation of drinking water, however. Changing and increasing uses of fluorides have led to a renewed interest in this occupational disease. PMID- 7137178 TI - Inadequate labeling of drug products. PMID- 7137177 TI - Drug assay interference caused by plasticizer in Vacutainers. PMID- 7137179 TI - Manufacturers' warranty for drug products. PMID- 7137180 TI - Intravenous gentamicin dilution requirements. PMID- 7137181 TI - Use of continuous narcotic infusions. PMID- 7137182 TI - Job satisfaction and motivation. PMID- 7137183 TI - Cephalosporin prescribing unchanged by newsletter. PMID- 7137184 TI - Hospital pharmacy practice in the People's Republic of China. AB - The practice of hospital pharmacy in the People's Republic of China is described. Since 1949, health care in China has improved. The number of hospitals has increased. While medicines previously were scarce, China now produces approximately 95% of the drugs it needs. China has a long history of traditional medicine; although there are attempts to integrate the concepts of traditional and Western medicine, the practices are still segregated. All hospital pharmacies in China have the responsibilities to guarantee the safe and effective use of drugs within the hospital and to do research. Even though Chinese factories manufacture many pharmaceutical products, the hospital pharmacy must manufacture many more. Hospitals have established Agreed Prescription programs, whereby drugs are manufactured in large batches, repackaged, and distributed to other hospital pharmacies in the area if needed. Quality is assessed chemically and by modern techniques when equipment is available. Most large hospitals now have automated facilities to manufacture sterile solutions. Each hospital has a medical supply committee that supervises the procurement of medical supplies and the reasonable use of drugs. A government resolution mandates that every hospital pharmacy do research. A primary focus of their research is the integration of traditional and Western medicine. Concepts of traditional and Western medicine are taught in separate pharmacy schools. Most pharmacy undergraduate programs are four years, but some schools recently changed to five years. Future challenges for hospital pharmacists in China are to develop the theoretical and technological knowledge of pharmacy, and to expand the scientific and technical information system that is necessary to do research. PMID- 7137185 TI - Evaluation of potential interaction of new cephalosporins with Clinitest. PMID- 7137187 TI - Applications of a minicomputer to clinical pharmacy services. AB - The application of a minicomputer system to clinical services and administrative record keeping is described. All applications were designed and implemented by pharmacists. Programs were created to increase the efficiency of collecting workload statistics for clinical services and to perform pharmacokinetic analyses of patient-specific data. The time required to generate quarterly workload reports decreased from 15-18 hours to 20-30 minutes. The use of the minicomputer also permitted a substantial expansion in the scope of the information collected and reported. The pharmacokinetic programs required approximately two minutes to calculate patient-specific peak and trough concentrations. The minicomputer system has increased the pharmacy department's administrative efficiency and encouraged staff pharmacist involvement in clinical services. PMID- 7137186 TI - Changing an automated drug inventory control system to a data base design. AB - A pharmacy department's change from indexed sequential access files to a data base management system (DBMS) for purposes of automated inventory control is described. The DBMS has three main functional areas: (1) inventory ordering and accountability, (2) charging of interdepartmental and intradepartmental orders, and (3) data manipulation with report design for management control. There are seven files directly related to the inventory ordering and accountability area. Each record can be accessed directly or through another file. Information on the quantity of a drug on hand, drug(s) supplied by a specific vendor, status of a purchase order, or calculation of an estimated order quantity can be retrieved quickly. In the drug master file, two records contain a reorder point and safety stock level that are determined by searching the entries in the order history file and vendor master file. The intradepartmental and interdepartmental orders section contains five files assigned to record and store information on drug distribution. All items removed from the stockroom and distributed are recorded, and reports can be generated for itemized bills, total cost by area, and as formatted files for the accounts payable department. The design, development, and implementation of the DBMS took approximately a year using a part-time pharmacist and minimal outside help, while the previous system required constant expensive help of a programmer/analyst. The DBMS has given the pharmacy department a flexible inventory management system with increased drug control, decreased operating expenses, increased use of department personnel, and the ability to develop and enhance other systems. PMID- 7137188 TI - Program for aminoglycoside dosage calculations using an inexpensive calculator. AB - A program for gentamicin and tobramycin dosage calculations using a pocket-size programmable calculator was developed and evaluated. A program based on the first order one-compartment pharmacokinetics model for aminoglycoside dosage calculations was developed for the Sharp EL-5813 pocket-size calculator, which can store 30 programming steps and has six constant memories. (The program also can be used in other calculators with similar capabilities.) The programming steps and operational procedures for calculating loading and maintenance doses, steady-state peak and trough concentrations, the patient's elimination constant, creatinine clearance, and volume of distribution are presented. The program was evaluated by comparing predicted and observed steady-state peak and trough concentration for 24 patients receiving gentamicin therapy. There was a significant relationship between predicted and observed peak and trough plasma concentrations. The mean time required to program the calculator was less than 30 seconds, and the mean time required for each dosage and plasma-concentration calculation was approximately 2.5 minutes. The program provides a simple method to make aminoglycoside dosage recommendations and predictions of peak and trough plasma concentrations with acceptable accuracy. PMID- 7137189 TI - Obstetric drug information service. AB - An obstetric drug information service in a 435-bed general hospital in Australia is described. The specialized service was established within a general drug information center after receiving a large percentage of calls on the use of drugs during pregnancy and lactation. The service decided to specialize in information on: (1) drugs excreted in breast milk, (2) drug effects on the fetus, (3) drug effects on the pregnant mother, and (4) drugs affecting sperm. An obstetrician is associated with the service to provide clinical judgments, assessments, and his expertise in the field. Monographs were prepared on 97 commonly prescribed drugs. The service provides oral replies and written replies that are checked by the director and deputy director of pharmaceutical services for their accuracy. Of the 1445 inquiries received during an 18-month period, 60% (863) were related to the use of drugs during pregnancy and lactation. The most frequent users of the service were physicians. Specific topics of the calls included inquiries on antibiotics (154 calls), psychotropic drugs (108), and analgesic and cold preparations (58). The center provided written replies for 51% of the calls. The specialized drug information center has received an increasing number of inquiries and positive feedback from its users. PMID- 7137190 TI - Preparing to implement. AB - The steps involved in preparing to implement a pharmacy computer system are described. Although the order in which the various steps have to be completed varies according to the hospital specifics, important elements of the preparation process include preparation of the site, organization of personnel, development of policies and procedures, developing and ordering forms, preparation of the implementation schedule, file development, and preparation of other departments. A well-designed plan and a realistic time schedule for the preparation process facilitates the actual implementation of a pharmacy computer system. PMID- 7137192 TI - Salaries and benefits received by pharmacy residents. PMID- 7137191 TI - Simplified method of calculating and recording the use of tax-free alcohol. PMID- 7137194 TI - Evaluation of gentamicin prescribing after drug-use review. PMID- 7137193 TI - Preprinted order sheet to enhance antibiotic prescribing and surveillance. PMID- 7137195 TI - Digoxin-use review in a skilled-nursing facility. PMID- 7137196 TI - Pharmaceutical manufacturer's responses to drug information inquiries. PMID- 7137197 TI - Pharmacists as a liability-reducing factor. AB - The potential for clinical pharmacy services to reduce the liability of institutions and the personnel who practice in them is presented. Several studies are reviewed that identify the characteristics of patients who are at a high risk of developing complications. Based on these data and data gathered on drug related malpractice claims, pharmacists can concentrate their efforts on those patients who have the greatest liability implications to the institution. Pharmacists' efforts to reduce the liability of their institutions can also provide a justification for their clinical services. PMID- 7137198 TI - USP standards for dissolution and bioavailability. PMID- 7137199 TI - The generalist: a jaundiced view. XIV. Touch. PMID- 7137200 TI - Alcoholism as a risk factor in methadone maintenance. A randomized controlled trial. AB - A randomized controlled trial of 625 addicts on methadone maintenance identified 105 (17 percent) as active alcoholics, 47 (8 percent) as inactive alcoholics, and 473 (75 percent) as nonalcoholics. Subjects were followed for up to 29 months (mean 53.7 weeks) to assess the influence of alcoholism on the rehabilitative process. During the study, alcohol consumption significantly decreased (p less than 0.001) in active alcoholics. Indexes of productive activity on entry or during follow-up revealed no significant differences between active alcoholics and other patients with the exception of alcohol-related hospitalizations (p less than 0.001). Behavioral indexes consistently improved with treatment in all patients, being greatest among active alcoholics (p less than 0.01). During the study, 28 (7 percent) of 399 nonalcoholics were recategorized as active alcoholics, and remission from alcoholism was noted in 28 (27 percent) of patients who were initially classified as alcoholic. These findings suggest that alcoholism does not significantly affect rehabilitation from narcotic use and therefore should not be cause for detoxification from methadone maintenance. PMID- 7137201 TI - General practice care of non-insulin-dependent diabetes with fasting blood glucose measurements. AB - Non-insulin-dependent diabetes can be treated using two criteria, the fasting blood glucose concentration and body weight. The feasibility of this means of control, aiming for a fasting blood glucose concentration of less than 6 mmol/liter (108 mg/dl) has been investigated in 10 general practices. Eight practices now use the method routinely. A one-year follow-up in six practices is reported. The number of patients with a fasting blood glucose concentration of less than 108 mg/dl increased from 39 (26 percent) to 65 (59 percent). The mean fasting blood glucose concentration of all 112 patients was significantly (p less than 0.01) decreased from a mean of 148 to 113 mg/dl at three months, and subsequently increased to a still reduced (p less than 0.01) level of 126 mg/dl after one year. The mean hemoglobin A1c level was decreased (p less than 0.01). Six practices preferred to have special clinics at which fasting blood glucose meaurements were taken. Two practices achieved good results with the administration and tests being undertaken by a practical nurse, with supervision from the general practitioner. Assessment of control by four fasting blood glucose determinations a year is less expensive than regular urine tests, and may improve blood glucose control. PMID- 7137203 TI - Value and limitations of clinical electrophysiologic study in assessment of patients with unexplained syncope. AB - We assessed the value of clinical electrophysiologic study using intracardiac recording and programed electrical stimulation in 34 patients who had unexplained syncope and/or presyncope. All patients had normal electrocardiograms, and no abnormality was detected by clinical examination, ambulatory electrocardiographic recording, or treadmill testing. The electrophysiologic results were diagnostic in four patients (11.8 percent) and led to appropriate therapy that totally relieved symptoms. The results were abnormal but not diagnostic in two patients (5.8 percent) and normal in the remaining 28 patients (82.4 percent). The patients were followed for a mean period of 15 months (range two to 44) after electrophysiologic testing. Sixteen patients (47 percent) had no further episodes in the absence of any intervention. In four patients (11.8 percent), a definitive diagnosis was made during follow-up. In seven patients, permanent pacing was instituted empirically with relief of syncope. Two patients continued to have syncopal spells. We conclude that the diagnostic yield of electrophysiologic testing is low in a patient population that has no electrocardiographic abnormality or clinical evidence of cardiac disease. Empirical permanent pacing in patients with symptoms continuing after our study appeared to be beneficial, but this result is difficult to evaluate because of the high incidence of spontaneous remission in this group. Persistent attempts to document electrocardiographic abnormalities during a typical episode of symptoms appears to be the only definitive way to confirm or exclude an arrhythmic cause of the symptoms. PMID- 7137204 TI - Content and process in ambulatory care. Notes from an internist's practice. PMID- 7137202 TI - Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in diabetic patients. Endocarditis and mortality. AB - The presentation and course of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in 27 diabetic patients (18 insulin-dependent) were compared with those in 34 nondiabetic patients. The groups were comparable in age, proportion with pre-existing cardiac valvular disease, community-acquired bacteremia, fever, and leukocytosis. Endocarditis (vegetation or new regurgitant murmur) was present in eight (30 percent) diabetics and four (12 percent) nondiabetics (p = 0.16). A primary focus of infection was present in 67 percent of diabetics and 65 percent of nondiabetics. Among those with a focus, six of 18 diabetics and none of 22 nondiabetics had endocarditis (p less than 0.005). Fifteen of 54 (28 percent) patients who received appropriate antibiotic therapy died. After stratificaton for underlying illness, there was no mortality difference between those with and without endocarditis (three endocarditis deaths versus 1.78 expected), or between those with and without diabetes (four diabetic deaths versus 4.8 expected). Diabetics with staphylococcal bacteremia were more likely than nondiabetics to have endocarditis in the presence of a primary focus. They had no increase in mortality. PMID- 7137205 TI - Myocardial rupture after myocardial infarction. Detection by multi-gated image acquisition scintigraphy. AB - Myocardial rupture following infarction usually is an acute and dramatic event. Rarely, it may take a subacute course, allowing surgical treatment. We report herein a case of subacute rupture of the heart in a 54 year old patient with acute myocardial infarction. The rupture was diagnosed by the appearance of a radiopaque halo around the heart during radionuclide ventriculography. The patient subsequently underwent surgical resection of a large anterolateral aneurysm and a 2 inch long rupture of the myocardium and survived. Clinical suspicion, prompt diagnosis, and surgical intervention are important in the management of this relatively unusual complication of infarction. PMID- 7137207 TI - Light scattering and its application for the clinical laboratory. AB - Nephelometric systems have enabled precise and rapid quantitation of specific proteins, therapeutic drugs, and other compounds. This paper begins with a discussion of the physics of light scatter and then explores various turbidimetric and nephelometric systems that employ light scatter. A detailed discussion of manual and automated nephelometer-based systems is offered. PMID- 7137206 TI - Monoclonal antibodies: expanded potential for labeled antibody ligand assays. AB - The impact of the availability of monoclonal antibodies is just beginning to make itself felt. This paper describes some of the advantages monoclonal antibodies have over polyclonal for clinical laboratory applications. The use of monoclonal antibodies in the two-site immunoradiometric assay is discussed in detail. PMID- 7137208 TI - Radioligand assay: current trends in automation. AB - Using automatic equipment to perform routine RIA procedures can save time and money, improve precision, and free technologists to work on more-complex, non routine assays. This article examines some of the instruments available for semiautomated and fully automated RIA testing. The pros and cons of automated testing are explored, and a framework for judging the true value and limitations of systems is presented. PMID- 7137209 TI - Lymphomas and their expression in peripheral blood. AB - Circulating malignant cells may be demonstrated in patients with lymphoma. Whereas Hodgkin's disease rarely if ever becomes leukemic, the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas often express varying numbers of neoplastic cells in peripheral blood. The incidence of leukemic manifestation in these patients correlates with the histologic subtype of the lymphoma. Pure morphologic examination of neoplastic circulating cells may not be sufficient to recognize the presence of lymphoma or to diagnose its type. The application of modern laboratory techniques such as enzyme histochemistry, cell surface markers and cell kinetics, may be very helpful in demonstrating the presence of circulating lymphoma cells in recognizing their type. PMID- 7137211 TI - Laboratory testing in the office of family physicians. AB - A survey of family physicians was carried out among members of the state academies of family practice and graduates of residency programs in Ohio and North Carolina. Results of the survey demonstrated both an increasing number of laboratories in the offices of all family physicians as well as in increasing variety of laboratory procedures offered. It was found that solo practitioners frequently perform laboratory work themselves, while group practitioners more often delegate laboratory work to other office staff, such as certified laboratory technicians or nurses. Quality control was offered in one-half of the private offices surveyed, and in three-quarters of the office that employed certified laboratory technicians. Results of this study suggest that the increasing number of family practice residency graduates may result in an increased demand for certified laboratory technicians in private office laboratories. PMID- 7137210 TI - Continuing education for medical laboratory personnel: The telephone conference approach. AB - In the wake of a health care knowledge explosion, maintaining practitioner competency is an important concern of both practicing health care professionals and the many certifying and licensing bodies. One approach to this issue, particularly for professionals in rural areas, is the use of telephone conferencing. With this approach, the practitioner is able to participate in continuing education by listening to a lecture broadcast over conventional long distance telephone lines. In advance of each program, printed and visual materials are forwarded to the respective conference sites. At the end of the lecture, each participant is given the opportunity to engage the speaker in a question and answer session. This paper describes the programmatic activities related to developing, implementing, and evaluating the telephone conference approach. This approach, with respect to the continuing education of medical laboratory personnel, has been operating at the University of Nebraska Center for the past seven years. PMID- 7137214 TI - Titrimetric and gravimetric calibration of pipettors: a survey. AB - Methods for gravimetric and titrimetric calibration of pipets are described. Both methods of calibration gave good reproducibility from 5-500 microliters. The titrimetric method gave the lowest coefficient of variation for pipettors from 1 10 microliters and was the better method for these smaller volumes. In addition, the titrimetric method took one-third the time of the gravimetric method. Pipettors of various types were obtained from 38 different laboratories and used to survey performance. The titrimetric method was used to calibrate 572 pipettors of different types. A significant percentage of the pipettors were greater than 3% from their nominal value. PMID- 7137213 TI - Hematology problem. PMID- 7137212 TI - Two cases of cystinosis. PMID- 7137215 TI - Introduction. Mini-Course: topics in clinical chemistry. I. Organ-specific profiling. PMID- 7137216 TI - Letter to the editor: dominant inheritance of nose pits. PMID- 7137217 TI - Head growth in achondroplasia: use of ultrasound studies. PMID- 7137218 TI - Atelosteogenesis. AB - The name atelosteogenesis is proposed for a lethal chondrodysplasia characterized by deficient ossification of various bones, notably the humerus, femur, thoracic spine, and hand bones. Clinically, the patients have micromelic dwarfism with incurvated legs, club feet, often dislocation of the elbows, and, rarely, a cleft palate. The most characteristic radiographic signs are incomplete ossification of the vertebral bodies with coronal clefts of the lumbar and hypoplasia of the upper thoracic vertebral bodies, a distal hypoplasia and club shape of the humerus and the femur, and the lack of ossification of single phalanges and metacarpals in most patients. Histologically, there are clusters of chondrocytes surrounded by fibrous capsules and, more frequently, degeneration zones containing degenerated chondrocytes and copious amounts of metachromatic material in the epiphyses and the basal zone of the growth plate. PMID- 7137219 TI - Duchenne muscular dystrophy carrier detection using logistic discrimination: serum creatine kinase, hemopexin, pyruvate kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase in combination. AB - In the absence of an unambiguous test for identifying Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) heterozygotes, methods are needed for combination of the results of individually equivocal tests as effectively and rationally as possible. Tw used logistic discrimination to assess the effectiveness of measurements of serum creatine kinase, hemopexin, pyruvate kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase alone and in various combinations in identifying DMD carriers. We analyzed 127 serum samples from 63 normal female controls (20-40 years old) and 67 from 38 obligate DMD carriers. The best two tests to use in combination were creatine kinase and hemopexin, and these two, with lactate dehydrogenase, were the best three. t the 95% level (with 5% of controls misclassified), 54% of the carriers were identified by CK alone, whereas 88% were identified by means of the four tests. Although a small proportion of known carriers still cannot be identified, application of the four tests to a group of 45 possible carrier mothers of isolated cases of DMD resolves the population into fairly discrete "normal" and "abnormal" subgroups. Thus, if bias of selection can be eliminated, application of logistic discrimination may permit a direct estimate of the proportion of mothers of affected boys who are homozygous normal. PMID- 7137220 TI - A genetic catachresis. PMID- 7137221 TI - Chondrodystrophic myotonia (Schwartz-Jampel syndrome): report of a new case and follow-up of patients initially reported in 1969. AB - We report on a 9-year-old boy with chondrodystrophic myotonia (Schwartz-Jampel syndrome) and the progress of a brother and sister with this syndrome first described in 1969. This is an autosomal recessive trait characterized by mask like face, narrow palpebral fissures (due to blepharophimosis, blepharospasm, and abnormal orbital configuration), microstomia, micrognathia, myotonia, muscular hypertrophy, osteochondrodysplasia, and growth retardation. Expressivity varies and in some sibships females are less severely affected than their brothers. The sexual development of the sibs with chondrodystrophic myotonia, who are now in the mid to late second decade, has been normal. Linear growth rate accelerated during puberty but the adult height of the male is less than normal. Administration of human growth hormone had no consistent effect on the growth pattern of this boy. PMID- 7137223 TI - Metaphyseal dysplasia with maxillary hypoplasia and brachydactyly. AB - We report the familial occurrence in a French Canadian family of metaphyseal dysplasia associated to short stature and previously undescribed facial and acral anomalies. Facial manifestations include beaked nose, short philtrum, thin lips, maxillary hypoplasia, dystrophic yellowish teeth. Acral changes include bilateral shortness of metacarpal 5 and/or 2nd middle phalanx of fingers 2 and 5. Dermatoglyphics show low TRC, distal or absent axial triradius, absent triradius C, and radial loop on digit 4. The syndrome appears to be an autosomal dominant trait. PMID- 7137222 TI - An autosomal dominant syndrome of radial hypoplasia, triphalangeal thumbs, hypospadias, and maxillary diastema. AB - We describe a family in which eight persons (three males, five females) in three generations had a syndrome of bilateral and strikingly symmetrical triphalangeal thumbs and radial hypoplasia. The affected males also had a first-degree hypospadias and all affected family members had an anterior maxillary diastema. The syndrome was inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. PMID- 7137225 TI - The effect of parental age on rate of mutation for Duchenne Muscular dystrophy. AB - The effect of parental age on mutation rates at the Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) locus was studied in 514 male probands who constitute two thirds of the known patients in Japan. We were unable to detect an effect of maternal age at birth of proband or maternal grandfather's age at birth of the mother of the proband on the rate of DMD mutations. The result supports an observation on the hemophilia gene. PMID- 7137224 TI - Limb deficiency and splenogonadal fusion. AB - We report a 10-year-old boy with tetramelic limb deficiencies, splenogonadal fusion, and mild mandibular and oral abnormalities. This patient is quite typical of 14 reported cases with this combination of findings. This association must be nosologically closely related to the Hanhart syndrome and other syndromes of limb deficiency and orofacial abnormalities. Recent experience does not support the idea that limb reduction with splenogonadal fusion is an invariably lethal dominant disorder. PMID- 7137226 TI - H-Y antigen expression in patients with X-autosomal translocations and gonadal dysgenesis. AB - Cells from three patients with early gonadal failure and a balanced reciprocal translocation involving the long arm of the X chromosome and an autosome were studied. Fibroblasts from a patient with a similar balanced reciprocal translocation but normal reproductive capabilities were also studied. Two of the four patients were found to have serologically detectable H-Y antigen on their cells. Since H-Y antigen has been found on the cells of other patients with X chromosome abnormalities but without a Y chromosome, it is thought that the X chromosome plays a role in the regulation of H-Y antigen expression. This study suggests that the long arm of the X chromosome may be involved but the location of a regulatory gene cannot be identified in these studies. These cases do not permit us to implicate H-Y antigen as a cause of gonadal dysgenesis and early gonadal failure in females who have structurally abnormal X chromosomes. PMID- 7137227 TI - Malformations in infants of diabetic mothers. PMID- 7137229 TI - Theory of genetic counseling for rare recessive traits with consanguinity. AB - The theory of assessing genetic risk for rare autosomal recessive traits in the face of extensive consanguinity is explored. A general lemma is proved that justifies the partition of posterior probability and recursive incorporation of it, as a means of reducing the logic of analysis to steps of manageable complexity: the conditions are that either the components should be independent or that each component, as it is added, is conditioned on the occurrence of all earlier components. An example is given of a pedigree in which the tracing of a gene by the method of expected proportions is misleading, and another that points up the importance of the posterior information. Four classes of patterns are identified and appropriate methods devised for handling them: the single consanguineous loop, multiple mutually-external loops, nested loops, and multiple closures. The latter problem may be treated in general by the use of truncated generating functions, with or without the use of matrix methods. PMID- 7137228 TI - A lethal, Larsen-like multiple joint dislocation syndrome. AB - We describe here two isolated cases of lethal, Larsen-like multiple joint dislocation syndrome. Death occurred shortly after birth with pulmonary insufficiency due to tracheomalacia and/or lung hypoplasia. Both had abnormal dermal collagen bundles. In one case, histochemical studies showed abnormal cartilagenous matrix and striking deficiency in the dense collagen bundles of joint capsules; electronmicroscopic studies of the hyaline cartilage of the trachea documented a relative increase of the small, short fibers with decrease of the matrix collagen fibers. This study confirms that this Larsen-like syndrome is a disorder of connective tissue, possibly involving dysmaturity of the collagen fibers, with a predilection for joint capsules and tracheal cartilage. This lethal condition is characterized by pulmonary insufficiency, tracheomalacia, and collagen fiber dysmaturity. PMID- 7137230 TI - Phenotypic heterogeneity in cystic fibrosis. AB - We have confirmed heterogeneity in CF using a different combination of primary clinical variables than those used in previous studies. Subgroupings of individuals with similar levels of sweat chloride were independent of the clustering based on level of pancreatic enzyme supplementation and degree of pulmonary involvement. Data from families with multiple CF children are consistent with the hypothesis that the genetic etiology of CF involves two or more genes that modify the expression of the primary gene defect. PMID- 7137232 TI - Early onset of Cockayne syndrome. PMID- 7137231 TI - Sib risks for nonspecific mental retardation in British Columbia. AB - Cases of nonspecific mental retardation (MR) born in British Columbia between 1952 and 1970 ascertained through the British Columbia Health Surveillance Registry were linked by birth registration number to family sibships from computer-linked groupings of birth and marriage records in British Columbia. It was possible to retrieve family information for 97% of the cases by this method. Because of good ascertainment and relatively large sample size, the 1952-1965 birth cohort comprising 2,209 index cases was selected for calculations of overall risks and recurrence risks to sibs categorized by sex, MR level, associated neurological disability, and singleton versus multiple birth. The overall risk of affected individuals among all sibs was 4.4 +/- 0.6%, which was about ten times greater than the minimum population incidence of nonspecific MR. The risk among subsequent sibs of the first affected case in a family was 3.7 +/- 0.8%. These risks varied depending on sex, MR level, and whether the mental retardation was associated with hydrocephalus, microcephalus, cerebral palsy, or epilepsy. The recurrence risk after two affected individuals was 12 +/- 7%--about three times greater than after one affected individual. Even though the frequency of MR is greater among twins than in the overall population, the recurrence risk of nonspecific MR was not significantly different for index cases from either singleton or multiple births. PMID- 7137233 TI - Cockayne syndrome with early onset of manifestations. AB - The Cockayne syndrome is an autosomal recessive syndrome of growth failure and characteristic physical and pathological changes. Typically the disorder becomes manifest in the second year of life; growth and development are normal during the first year. We report presumably monozygotic twins with otherwise classic Cockayne syndrome but with a prenatal onset. Several previously described cases seem to represent a similar form of Cockayne syndrome with early onset of growth failure and development delay. PMID- 7137234 TI - Tracheoesophageal fistula, protruding pinnae, proximal interphalangeal symphalangism of fifth finger. A new syndrome? PMID- 7137235 TI - Mechanisms of late decelerations of the fetal heart rate during hypoxia. AB - Transient maternal aortic occlusion decreases uterine blood flow and results in the delayed deceleration of the fetal heart rate. The response to this maneuver was examined in the hypoxic fetus. Pregnant ewes and their fetuses at 0.8 gestation were catheterized for chronic study. A blood flow transducer was placed around the common umbilical artery, and a Fogarty balloon-tipped catheter was placed in the maternal abdominal aorta distal to the renal arteries. The ewes were made hypoxic by breathing a hypoxic gas mixture through a mask placed over their faces. Transient maternal aortic occlusion resulted in a delayed and transient deceleration of the fetal heart rate in hypoxic fetuses, associated with a significant decrease in mean arterial pressure and umbilical blood flow. Infusion of atropine into the fetus before maternal aortic occlusion modified but did not abolish the fetal heart rate response. The deceleration was associated with the significant decrease in the "double-product" index of myocardial oxygen consumption. The conclusion is that late decelerations result from two mechanisms: chemoreceptor vagal reflex mechanisms and hypoxic myocardial depression. PMID- 7137236 TI - Effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide on uterine blood flow in pregnant ewes. AB - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide has been localized in the uterine vasculature, uterine smooth muscle and the placenta of several species. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide is a potent uterine vasodilator in nonpregnant sheep and also abolishes spontaneous uterine contractile activity, but the effects of this polypeptide on the uterine vasculature of the pregnant animal is currently unknown. The present experiments were performed in seven late-term pregnant sheep which were chronically catheterized to evaluate the uterine vascular effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. An intra-arterial catheter was placed in a branch of the main uterine artery to allow administration of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide directly into the uterine vasculature. Uterine blood flow was continuously monitored via an electromagnetic flow transducer on both main uterine arteries. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide infused at the rate of 1 to 30 micrograms/min produced dose-related reductions in uterine blood flow (33% +/- 9% at 30 micrograms/min). This decrease was due to a reduction in systemic arterial blood pressure, since calculated resistance in the uterine vasculature that received the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide did not change significantly. In addition, the contralateral uterine vasculature that did not receive direct intra-arterial infusions of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide showed identical changes. These data suggest that vasoactive intestinal polypeptide produces peripheral vasodilation at doses which have very little uterine effect locally. These data can be interpreted to mean either that high local endogenous production of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide prevents exogenously administered vasoactive intestinal polypeptide from exerting its vascular effects, or that vasoactive intestinal polypeptide is a very weak uterine vasodilator in pregnant ewes. The clarification of these possibilities will require further experimentation. PMID- 7137237 TI - Ultrasonic measurement of the femur length as an index of fetal gestational age. AB - Fetal femur length was measured with a linear-array, real-time ultrasound scanner in 145 uncomplicated gravid patients from 16 to 42 weeks' gestation. The data were analyzed by means of the method of least-squares linear regression. The results of this analysis generated the following equation: Y = -0.6809 + 0.2127 X (Y = femur length; X = gestational age.) With the use of these data, the error in estimation of gestational age given femur length in the interval 25 to 35 weeks' gestation is less than 5 days. Outside these intervals, there is less precision in this measurement, with a range from 8 days at 15 weeks to 6 days at 40 weeks. Furthermore, the correlation coefficient of gestational age versus fetal femur length is statistically greater than that of the gestational age versus fetal biparietal diameter. These results suggest that the measurement of the fetal femur length is a more precise index of gestational age than is the biparietal diameter. We propose that the ultrasonic measurement of the fetal femur length is a sensitive and precise variable for estimation of fetal growth and development. PMID- 7137238 TI - Enhanced reactivity of the platelet thromboxane pathway in normotensive and hypertensive pregnancies with insufficient fetal growth. AB - The reactivity of the platelet thromboxane pathway was investigated by means of measurement of thrombin-induced formation of malondialdehyde in platelets obtained from 26 women in the third trimester of uncomplicated pregnancies, 27 patients with normotensive pregnancies who were delivered of small--for- gestational age infants, 27 patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension and infants with normal birth weights, and 20 patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension and small--for--gestational age infants. Platelet life span and distribution of platelet volumes were also determined. In normotensive and hypertensive pregnant women with small--for--gestational age infants, platelet malondialdehyde formation was significantly increased, and platelet life span was reduced as compared with the other groups. The enhanced reactivity of the platelet thromboxane pathway may be expected to contribute to the increased in vivo platelet activation and consumption which occur in pregnancies with chronic placental insufficiency. Deficient production of placental vascular prostacyclin might be the underlying cause. PMID- 7137239 TI - Heterotopic columnar epithelium and adenosis in the vagina of the mouse after neonatal treatment with clomiphene citrate. AB - Physiologically, the epithelium of the mouse vagina undergoes conversion during early postnatal life from columnar to stratified squamous. A similar process in the human occurs in the late first and early second trimesters of pregnancy. The mouse vagina has been identified as a good developmental model of the human. Previous work in the mouse has shown that this process is affected by neonatal administration of diethylstilbestrol. We have administered diethylstilbestrol and clomiphene citrate to parallel groups of BALB/c neonatal mice. They were followed up to 24 weeks. In both groups, persistent columnar or heterotopic columnar epithelium, not seen in the control mice, was identified and associated with adenosis. This effect of diethylstilbestrol and clomiphene citrate appears to be similar to the biologic response to transplacental diethylstilbestrol in the human. After transplacental diethylstilbestrol, malignant vaginal tumors rarely develop. If clomiphene citrate, given to the human prior to pregnancy to induce ovulation or by inadvertence during pregnancy, were to circulate into the critical time of vaginal differentiation, a similar biologic potential may exist. The first situation seems to be unlikely. The second is of more concern. PMID- 7137240 TI - Influence of maternal heart rate and gross fetal body movements on the daily pattern of fetal heart rate near term. AB - Continuous measurements of fetal heart rate (FHR), gross fetal body movements, fetal breathing movements, and maternal heart rate (MHR) were made for 24-hour observation intervals in 11 pregnant women at 38 to 40 weeks. There was a significant positive correlation between each mother's daily mean MHR and her fetus' daily mean FHR. There was a trough in mean hourly FHR between 0200 and 0600 hours and a trough in mean hourly MHR between 2400 and 0700 hours. Mean hourly FHR both during and between times of gross fetal body movements was significantly correlated to mean hourly MHR. At term, the mean FHR is strongly influenced by the mean MHR and the presence or absence of gross fetal body movements. PMID- 7137241 TI - Asymmetric release of estrone and estradiol derived from labeled precursors in perfused human placentas. AB - Human placentas were perfused in vitro through fetal vessels of a single cotyledon with a solution of tritiated androstenedione (A) or tritiated testosterone in oxygenated Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer containing glucose. The same buffer, without labeled steroids, was used to perfuse the maternal side of the placenta. Fractions of unrecycled "fetal" and "maternal" perfusates were collected to estimate the steady-state rates of output into each perfusate of labeled estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2), formed by aromatization of the perfused androgens. An unequal distribution of the two estrogens was observed, i.e., a significantly larger proportion of E2 than of E1 was released to the maternal perfusate. Addition of unlabeled A or ethinyl estradiol (10(-5)M) to the fetal perfusion buffer resulted in a redistribution of the E2 output toward the fetal perfusate. These in vitro results are similar to the findings of Walsh and McCarthy, who detected by tracer experiments an unequality in the in vivo fetomaternal distribution of the output of placentally produced E1 and E2 in rhesus monkeys. These results also support the possibility of the existence of saturable specific E2 carriers in the syncytiotrophoblast, postulated by the same authors to explain their findings. However, an extrasyncytial conversion of E2 to E1 could also account for the disproportion in the relative output of the estrogens toward mother and fetus. The perfusion system used in these studies may be useful for the elucidation of factors determining the relative rates of placental secretion of steroids toward mother and fetus. PMID- 7137242 TI - Correlation of ultrasonic measurement of ovarian follicle size and serum estradiol levels in ovulatory patients following clomiphene citrate for in vitro fertilization. AB - Ovarian follicle development was investigated in 38 normally cycling women who received clomiphene citrate, 150 mg per day for 5 days, to maximize follicular development. Ultrasonic determination of follicle growth was performed on a daily basis with a real-time sector scanner and correlated with daily concentrations of estradiol (E2) in the peripheral serum as measured by rapid radioimmunoassay. Human Chorionic gonadotropin was given to induce ovulation, and the day of injection was considered day 0. Mean concentrations of E2 reached a maximum of 1,150 +/- 65 pg/ml on day 0. Mean diameter of the dominant follicle increased to 22.1 +/- 0.4 on day 0. When peripheral concentrations of E2 were correlated with diameter and total follicular volume it was found that plasma E2 levels varied, depending on the number of follicles seen on ultrasound examination, with a mean E2 value of 459 +/- 18.9 pg/ml per follicle per day. Multiple growth of follicles occur with artificial induction of ovulation; therefore, the use of ultrasound is an important parameter to assess follicular maturation and the timing of ovulation more precisely. PMID- 7137243 TI - Association of spontaneous fetal heart rate decelerations during antepartum nonstress testing and intrauterine growth retardation. AB - Two hundred one patients with high-risk pregnancy and 66 patients with term uncomplicated pregnancy underwent a nonstress test 7 days or less prior to delivery. The incidence of spontaneous fetal heart rate decelerations in the high risk group was 5.5%. None of the fetuses in the normal group showed this finding. Among those infants presenting with spontaneous decelerations, there was an 18.2% mortality. Disturbances of intrauterine growth were found in 63.6% of cases. The possible metabolic mechanisms and clinical implications underlying this finding are discussed. PMID- 7137244 TI - Cardiovascular and biochemical effects of infusion of beta hydroxybutyrate into the fetal lamb. AB - Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that beta hydroxybutyrate crosses the ovine placenta in small amounts during maternal hyperketonemia and produces significant reductions in fetal PaO2 and increased fetal lactate levels. The present study evaluates the effects of fetal hyperketonemia on fetal and maternal cardiovascular and biochemical parameters. Pregnant ewes (110 to 120 days' gestation) were instrumented with catheters in the femoral artery, femoral vein, and uterine veins, and electromagnetic flow probes were placed on the middle uterine arteries. The fetal carotid artery and jugular vein were catheterized, and a catheter and balloon were placed in the amniotic fluid. Beta hydroxybutyrate (0.44 mmole/min) and antipyrine (0.03 mmole/min) were simultaneously infused directly into the fetal jugular vein for 90 minutes. The fetal beta hydroxybutyrate level increased from a baseline of 0.12 +/- 0.08 to 6.80 +/- 0.46 mmoles/L and was associated with a significant decrease in fetal PaO2 (23.7 +/- 2.4 to 16.0 +/- 0.4 mm Hg) and a large increase in the fetal lactate (1.85 +/- 0.27 to 5.43 +/- 0.92 mmoles/L) at 90 minutes. The present results suggest that during fetal hyperketonemia fetal oxygenation is significantly reduced and may contribute to the increased perinatal mortality in the pregnant diabetic patient. PMID- 7137245 TI - Effect of abolition of fetal movement on fetal intravascular PO2 and incidence of tonic myometrial contractures in the pregnant ewe at 114 to 134 days' gestation. AB - The possibility that fetal movements play a role in the initiation of the bursts of tonic myometrial activity (contractures) that occur throughout the second half of pregnancy in the sheep has been examined by the administration of the curare derivative pancuronium to abolish fetal movement. The duration and frequency of the electromyographic bursts associated with contractures, as well as the increase in intrauterine pressure generated by the contractures, were unchanged. However, within 1 hour of the abolition of fetal movement, fetal jugular venous PO2 was significantly elevated and remained elevated for at least 6 hours. This observation is in keeping with the view that fetal skeletal muscle movement consumes significant amounts of oxygen. PMID- 7137246 TI - Survival of departments of obstetrics and gynecology: ten points for Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics action in the 1980s. AB - Major changes have occurred in medicine during the past few years: the number of medical students who graduate per year has recently doubled, the federal government pays a significant portion of health care costs, and the body of scientific information is expanding logarithmically. The changes which will occur during the next 10 to 15 years will be equally dramatic, and in order for our specialty to increase its presence and position in medicine, it needs to begin to consider these changes and take actions to capitalize on them. Four areas of change were singled out and discussed in terms of their significance and possible plans of action to address them. The four include the increased numbers of women in obstetrics and gynecology, the demand for departments to generate more practice income, the reduced support for research, and the large numbers of physicians being trained in obstetrics and gynecology. Ten places for action by academic departments of obstetrics and gynecology were outlined, and these are listed in Table III. Continued review of the past and the present will allow us to be prepared for the future. PMID- 7137247 TI - Oral contraceptives and pelvic inflammatory disease. AB - To study the association of the use of oral contraceptives and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), we analyzed data from a large multicenter case control study of contraceptive use and serious gynecologic disorders. The analysis included data from interviews of 648 women hospitalized with an initial episode of PID and 2,516 hospitalized control subjects. The risk of PID for women using oral contraceptives in the 3 months prior to interview was 0.5 (95% confidence limits, 0.4 to 0.6) relative to women using no contraceptive method during this period. This association was not explained by differences between case subjects and control subjects in demographic variables, level of sexual activity, or medical history. The protective effect of current oral contraceptive use against PID was restricted to women using oral contraceptives for more than 12 months; past use of oral contraceptives did not exert a protective effect against PID. Annually, an estimated 50,000 initial cases of PID are prevented by oral contraceptive use; 12,500 hospitalizations are also averted by oral contraceptive use. Consequently, protection against PID is one of the most important noncontraceptive benefits of oral contraception. PMID- 7137248 TI - Second-look operations in the planned management of advanced ovarian carcinoma. AB - Second-look operations were done in 65 patients as part of a planned management program of advanced ovarian cancer. All patients received chemotherapy with cisplatin, and only those who had a good clinical regression after an incomplete initial surgical procedure were subjected to a second operation. At second-look operations, 16 patients (25%) had no macroscopic tumor (surgical complete remission), and these patients have a 72% probability of surviving 5 years. In 49 patients (75%), considerable regression had occurred but macroscopic disease was still present. Incomplete or complete removal of residual disease was possible in 38 cases (58%), but survival curves suggest that removal of all macroscopic residual disease at second-look operations did not improve survival expectancy. In the other 11 cases (17%), although there was slight improvement in the extent of disease, further surgical resection was not possible and the survival expectancy in these cases was very poor. PMID- 7137249 TI - An epidemiologic study of young women with dysmenorrhea. AB - The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was studied in a random sample of 19-year-old women from an urban Swedish population. Dysmenorrhea was reported by 72% of the women. Fifteen percent suffered from dysmenorrhea which limited daily activity and was unimproved by analgesics. Dysmenorrhea occurred significantly (p less than 0.01) more often in women not using oral contraceptives. A significant correlation (p less than 0.01) was found between early menarche and an increased severity of dysmenorrhea. There was a significant correlation (p less than 0.01) between the severity of dysmenorrhea and the amount of menstrual flow. Parous women had significantly (p less than 0.01) less dysmenorrhea than women who had never been pregnant or women who had experienced a legal or spontaneous abortion. Smokers as compared to nonsmokers had significantly (p less than 0.01) less dysmenorrhea. The severity of dysmenorrhea was not affected by height, weight, or regularity of the menstrual cycle. Absenteeism as a result of dysmenorrhea was evaluated. PMID- 7137250 TI - Gallbladder disease in pregnancy. AB - Cholecystosonography was performed on 338 obstetric patients, and the gallbladder was successfully visualized in 93% of them. Gallbladder volume increased with duration of pregnancy. Three and one-half percent of the patients had obvious cholelithiasis, and a total of 4.2% had abnormalities. These findings suggest that cholecystosonography should become part of the routine obstetric ultrasound examination. PMID- 7137251 TI - Trial of labor following cesarean section: a two-year experience. AB - Elective repeat cesarean section is one of the major factors responsible for the increase in the total cesarean section rate observed since 1970. Beginning in January, 1980, a voluntary program encouraging a trial of labor for patients with a documented previous low-transverse cesarean section and no apparent recurring indication was instituted. Two hundred seven patients were managed with an adequate trial of labor, and 84.5% were delivered vaginally over a 2-year period. There were no deaths associated with a trial of labor, and maternal and fetal morbidity was negligible. This voluntary program resulted in a 27.9% decrease in the repeat cesarean section rate over the 2 years reported. Patient and physician acceptance of such a program was evaluated by follow-up questionnaires. Current recommendations include a mandatory trial of labor in patients with only one previous low-transverse cesarean section and no current indication for cesarean delivery. A more liberal management policy regarding patients with two or more previous low-transverse cesarean sections also seems warranted. PMID- 7137252 TI - Insulin receptors on erythrocytes in normal and obese pregnant women: comparisons to those in nonpregnant women during the follicular and luteal phases. AB - Insulin receptors on erythrocytes were studied in nonpregnant women (n = 14) during the follicular and luteal phases, and in pregnant women in the third trimester with normal body weight (n = 14), with weight gain over 14 kg during pregnancy (n = 7), and with obesity before pregnancy (n = 7). Women with increased reticulocytes in the blood were excluded from this study. Insulin binding was slightly decreased in nonpregnant women during the luteal phase, as compared with the binding during the follicular phase. Insulin binding in normal pregnant women was comparable to that in nonpregnant women during the luteal phase. The number of receptors was reduced in those women who gained an excessive amount of body weight during pregnancy or in those pregnant women who were previously obese. These results suggest that an increased insulin resistance during pregnancy, compared to the luteal phase in nonpregnant women, cannot be explained by the changes in insulin receptors but that the reduction in insulin receptors might be one of the causes of the deterioration in carbohydrate metabolism in obese women in late pregnancy. PMID- 7137253 TI - Comparison of antepartum testing schemes for the management of the postdate pregnancy. AB - We analyzed the outcome results of 583 postdate pregnancies managed prospectively by one of three antepartum testing schemes, each predicated on the nonstress test. In scheme 1, we relied upon the contraction stress test for evaluation of the nonreactive nonstress test. In scheme 2, we used a modified biophysical profile to evaluate the nonreactive nonstress test. In addition, patients were tested semiweekly. In scheme 3, we added routine weekly ultrasound evaluation of amniotic fluid volume to scheme 2. Only in scheme 3 did we induce labor for decreased amniotic fluid volume or fetal cardiac decelerations irrespective of reactivity. The incidence of fetal distress, perinatal mortality, and perinatal morbidity was increased in babies with decelerations or decreased amniotic fluid volume. Nevertheless, outcome results in scheme 2 were improved over those with scheme 1 and were best with scheme 3. These results suggest a benefit to both semiweekly testing and liberalized criteria for intervention in postdate pregnancies. We also compared the outcome results of scheme 3 with those reported for schemes in which the weekly contraction stress test was used as the primary form of surveillance. We found the outcome results comparable in that both schemes showed minimal mortality and morbidity statistics but high intervention rates (25% to 30%). Differences in methodology and test criteria, however, make such comparisons less than ideal. PMID- 7137254 TI - Fetal echocardiography. II. The diagnosis and significance of a pericardial effusion in the fetus using real-time--directed M-mode ultrasound. AB - By means of real-time--directed M-mode ultrasound, the hearts of normal and abnormal fetuses were evaluated for evidence of a pericardial effusion. Because of its limited potential space, the pericardial sac appears to become distended with fluid prior to ultrasound evidence of ascites, pleural effusions, or soft tissue edema. Fetal echocardiography, therefore, appears to be useful in the assessment of fetuses at risk for developing hydrops. PMID- 7137255 TI - Interobserver and intraobserver variation in the assessment of antepartum cardiotocograms. AB - Five experienced observers assessed 100 antepartum cardiotocograms from 100 pregnant women by means of three different systems: two commonly used scoring systems and a close look at a 1-minute recording period (window). Variation between observers (interobserver) and within one observer (intraobserver) was determined by calculating the weighted kappa coefficients. Weighted kappa coefficients for interobserver variation in the Visser/Huisjes score and the Fischer score were 0.41 and 0.37, respectively. Weighted kappa coefficients for interobserver variation in a close look at a 1-minute window ranged from 0.09 to 0.69. Thus, a low level of agreement between observers was shown to exist for all three systems tested. The level of intraobserver agreement was shown to be much higher for virtually all three systems. Since the level of interobserver agreement is low, the results of different studies that describe visually assessed antepartum cardiotocograms by means of these scoring systems or 1-minute windows are not comparable, and reproducibility will be low. PMID- 7137257 TI - Intrauterine growth retardation risk detection for fetuses of unknown gestational age. AB - A method of plotting growth rate of the biparietal diameter against the concurrent size of the biparietal diameter was used to assess risk of intrauterine growth retardation. The technique does not require knowledge of gestational age of the fetus. Therefore, it is uniquely useful for patients with unknown or uncertain menstrual dates who present relatively late in pregnancy when a reliable estimate of gestational age cannot be sonographically obtained. One hundred twenty-one patients were studied. Ninety-seven percent of the fetuses who demonstrated a normal rate of growth were either appropriate or large for gestational age by weight. Thirty-five percent of the fetuses who had a subnormal rate of growth of the biparietal diameter were intrauterine growth retarded by weight. The data presented support the use of this technique for assessing the risk for intrauterine growth retardation, when an accurate estimate of gestational age account be made. PMID- 7137256 TI - Fetal heart rate response to scalp blood sampling. AB - Fetal heart rate acceleration in response to various stimuli has long been considered to be a reliable sign of fetal well-being in both the intrapartum and antepartum periods. In an effort to define the correlation between fetal heart rate response and fetal blood pH, we analyzed 200 fetal heart rate tracings of fetuses who had undergone scalp blood sampling in early labor. Data in regard to fetal heart rate response to endoscope placement, scalp puncture, and resultant scalp pH were then analyzed. In no case did a fetus with a scalp blood pH less than 7.20 respond to scalp puncture with an acceleration (defined as an elevation above the baseline of 15 bpm for at least 15 seconds). Among fetuses with a scalp blood pH greater than 7.28, 142 of 144 responded to scalp puncture with an acceleration. Exception occurred in one fetus who was 32 to 33 weeks' gestation, and in one fetus who was moderately Rh isoimmunized. Fetuses with scalp pH in the range of 7.21 to 7.28 showed a variable response. The correlation noted between a reassuring fetal heart rate pattern and the absence of acidosis in conjunction with the inverse (73% of fetuses in whom no acceleration occurred were acidotic) is further verification of both the reliability and complementary nature of intrapartum fetal assessment by both biophysical and biochemical techniques. PMID- 7137258 TI - Fetal weight estimation from ultrasonic three-dimensional head and trunk reconstructions: evaluation in vitro. AB - The theoretical usefulness of volume as a predictor of fetal weight was assessed on 25 dead neonates with weight ranges between 364 and 3,650 gm. The correlation between volume, measured by water displacement, and weight was r = 0.999, with a standard error of 37 gm. A method is described for using volume, calculated from three-dimensional ultrasonic head and trunk reconstructions, to predict fetal weight. For the dead neonates, the correlation between measured weight and calculated head plus trunk volume was r = 0.985, with a standard error of 190 gm. The regression coefficient was 1.73, thus indicating that head and trunk volumes underestimate weight, as might be expected since limbs were not included. We conclude from this "ideal" situation that volume measurements will eventually provide the best estimates of fetal weight, and that three-dimensional head trunk reconstructions are reasonably accurate measures of overall volume. PMID- 7137259 TI - Biologic activity and quantification of messenger RNA coding for human chorionic somatomammotropin in normal and intrauterine growth--retarded pregnancies. AB - Total ribonucleic acid (RNA) from human placentas obtained from normal and intrauterine growth--retarded (IUGR) pregnancies was translated in a reticulocyte cell--free system. Synthesis of human chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS) was estimated as a ratio of specific immunoprecipitated protein over total newly synthesized proteins. There is no significant difference between in vitro hCS synthesis directed by placental RNA from normal and IUGR pregnancies. Measurements of messenger RNA sequences coding for hCS, with a hCS complementary DNA probe, indicated that the hCS messenger RNA (mRNA) concentrations were similar for both groups. Low plasma hCS levels in pregnancies associated with growth-retarded fetuses can be explained by their significantly lower placental weights which correlate with their total RNA content. The total capacity of in vitro hCS production per placenta is significantly lower in this type of abnormal pregnancy. There is a good parallelism between the amount of hCS mRNA, its biologic activity tested in a cell-free system, and the secretion of hCS in the maternal circulation. These data suggest that there is no basic intracellular disturbance in hCS synthesis in placentas from fetal growth--retarded pregnancies. PMID- 7137261 TI - Massive ascites with uterine leiomyomas and ovarian vein thrombosis. PMID- 7137260 TI - Coexisting hydatidiform mole with a live fetus presenting as a placenta previa on ultrasound. PMID- 7137262 TI - Fatal intracranial hemorrhage complicating amniocentesis. PMID- 7137263 TI - Relationship of placental grade to gestational age. PMID- 7137264 TI - Priorities in relation to abortion. PMID- 7137265 TI - Spontaneous abortion incidence in the treatment of infertility: addendum on in vitro fertilization. PMID- 7137266 TI - Communicating uteri. PMID- 7137267 TI - Fetal weight estimations and obstetric management. PMID- 7137268 TI - Abortion mortality. PMID- 7137269 TI - Fetal heart rate and fetal body movements. PMID- 7137270 TI - Visual results in aphakic children. AB - Sixty-five patients less than 10 years of age had cataract surgery on 99 eyes. The visual prognosis depended on the cataract type and whether the treatment was undertaken during the critical period for development of the fixation reflex. All patients received the same surgical technique, aggressive optical correction, and occlusion therapy, if needed. Partial cataracts were the most frequent and the two largest groups were lamellar and axial. The visual outcome was excellent for the lamellar cataracts, whereas axial cataracts were the most amblyogenic. Obtaining a good visual result demanded an understanding of the complexities of amblyopia. PMID- 7137271 TI - A new approach to treating retinal detachment with macular hole. AB - Six consecutive cases of retinal detachment with macular hole were treated successfully by vitrectomy, partial gas-fluid exchange, and prone positioning of the patient for 12 hours. Macular coagulation and macular buckling were not necessary. In five cases the retina remained flat during follow-up periods ranging from one to 16 months. In one case a small detachment recurred 13 months after surgery. A renewed partial gas-fluid exchange resolved the problem. This new technique simplifies the treatment of such cases and macular function is preserved rather than destroyed. We believe than many detachments with macular holes are caused by vitreous traction. PMID- 7137272 TI - A transmission and scanning electron microscopic study of surgically excised preretinal membrane proliferations in diabetes mellitus. AB - Thirty preretinal membranes excised from diabetic patients during pars plana vitrectomy were examined by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, or both. All the specimens were still correctly orientated after removal from the eyes. All the specimens contained collagen in varying amounts and most had blood vessels with a thickened basal lamina and adjacent pericytes. Fenestrated capillaries were identified in only four of the 21 membranes containing blood vessels. A wide variety of cell types were scattered within the membranes, including polymorphonuclear leukocytes, lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages (containing melanin and hemosiderin), glial cells, retinal pigment epithelium, and cells of uncertain derivation. Scanning electron microscopy showed the retinal side of the membranes to be smoother than the vitreal side and disclosed preretinal cells on the vitreal side of the membranes, either as individual stellate cells or as a monolayer of flattened cells with microvilli. Membranes stripped from the surface of the retina had a smooth, generally acellular surface on the retinal side. PMID- 7137274 TI - Serous choroidal detachment and the thickened-choroid sign detected by ultrasonography. PMID- 7137273 TI - Choroidal ischemia. AB - Nine patients, seven women and two men, ranging in age from 21 to 86 years, had generalized vascular disease and significant deficits in choroidal perfusion but no retinal vascular changes. Because these perfusion abnormalities can be identified only by fluorescein angiography and the fundus appears to be normal, choroidal ischemia may be more common than has been realized. Infarction of the choroid, retinal pigment epithelium, and outer retina are usually unassociated with retinal detachment; even ischemia severe enough to induce retinal detachment seldom produces significant atrophy. PMID- 7137275 TI - Divergence paralysis. PMID- 7137276 TI - The effect of hospitalization on intraocular pressure. AB - Thirteen subjects with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension (five men and eight women, ranging in age from 51 to 73 years) were hospitalized for four to six days during which their intraocular pressures were measured four times a day (8 AM, 2 PM, 6 PM, and 10 PM). After leaving the hospital they returned to the outpatient clinic on several occasions for similar measurements (8 AM). Eight patients were taking timolol, pilocarpine, or both and five were receiving no treatment. In all cases, the 8 AM measurement was lower during hospitalization. The difference between the two sets of measurements was significant at P = .021. PMID- 7137277 TI - Cysts of Tenon's capsule following filtration surgery. AB - Hypertrophy of Tenon's capsule resembling a cyst and recurrence of increased intraocular pressures occurred shortly after glaucoma filtration surgery in eight patients on whom a variety of surgical techniques had been used. Preoperatively, the patients generally had secondary glaucomas with intraocular pressures exceeding 40 mm Hg. The cysts of Tenon's capsule were uniformly localized to the filtration site and were dome-shaped and hard. They were associated with intraocular pressures near the preoperative levels. Three patients were successfully treated with corticosteroids and massage. The others required surgical intervention to restore adequate filtration. Prompt recognition of a Tenon's capsule cyst and appropriate management can restore function to an otherwise failing filtration bleb. PMID- 7137278 TI - Bacterial endophthalmitis following cutting of sutures after cataract surgery. AB - Bacterial endophthalmitis developed in four patients after cataract surgery sutures were cut. Wound dehiscence was present in three cases, but in one the wound remained intact. Vitreous cultures identified Streptococcus viridans in two cases and Staphylococcus aureus and St. epidermidis in one case each. Antibiotic therapy was administered by intraocular, periocular, topical and systemic routes and three patients underwent vitrectomy. Visual function recovered to 20/50 in two cases and to 20/100 in a third. Retinal detachment in the fourth case resulted in loss of all visual function. PMID- 7137279 TI - Resorbable implant for orbital defects. AB - Tricalcium phosphate ceramic, a synthetic bone substitute, was inserted into defects created in the inferior orbital rims of 18 rabbits. The animals were killed after three, eight, 24, and 40 weeks. Early sections demonstrated encapsulation with fibrous ingrowth. After eight weeks, osteoid formation was evident with partial resorption of the porous mineral implant. After 24 and 40 weeks, there was progressive replacement of tricalcium phosphate ceramic with trabecular bone, without signs of infection, migration, or rejection. PMID- 7137280 TI - Isolated lateral rectus muscle palsy associated with leukopenia in two adults. AB - Benign lateral rectus palsy developed in two adults, a 62-year-old man and a 56 year-old woman. Both were hospitalized because of headache and diplopia. Extensive laboratory and neurologic testing showed no abnormalities except leukopenia (the white blood cell count was 2,600 cells/mm3 in one patient and 3,100 cells/mm3 in the other). Both recovered without treatment. The benign course and spontaneous improvement in both patients suggested that extensive neurodiagnostic procedures can be deferred for several weeks in such patients. PMID- 7137281 TI - Alveolar soft-part sarcoma. PMID- 7137282 TI - Sodium hyaluronate (Healon) as an aid to internal fluid-gas exchange. PMID- 7137283 TI - Caution on sodium hyaluronate (Healon) syringe. PMID- 7137284 TI - Folk medicines and acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. PMID- 7137285 TI - Insertion of posterior chamber intraocular lens. PMID- 7137286 TI - The air-bubble test for lacrimal system patency. PMID- 7137287 TI - Early vitrectomy in the severely traumatized eye. PMID- 7137288 TI - Ocular side effects of antihistamine-decongestant combinations. PMID- 7137289 TI - Adaptive equipment used in the rehabilitation of hip arthroplasty patients. AB - In this paper an occupational therapy program involved in the acute rehabilitation of patients with total hip replacement and total surface replacement is described. The goal of the program is to help patients achieve independence in activities of daily living by the conclusion of their 2-week hospitalization, while complying with the physical limitations imposed by the surgical protocol. The program consists of instruction in the use of selected adaptive equipment, in activities of daily living, and in environmental modifications. The findings of a retrospective patient survey are included. Specifically, the majority of the patients surveyed were found to be independent in essential activities of daily living by the time they were discharged from the hospital, and that use of the adaptive equipment was very high. PMID- 7137291 TI - Clothing fasteners for women with arthritis. AB - To examine the ability of women with arthritis to manipulate fasteners, 97 women with various forms of arthritis were interviewed and tested using an adjustable bodice-front vest with assorted detachable fastener samples. Since evaluations were performed, in most cases, when the disease was in remission, nearly all of the women were able to manipulate the fasteners presented--sets of zippers, buttons, Velcro, and snaps. The conventional zipper with large teeth and ring pull tab exposed application, and a convex button with a shank used with a vertical buttonhole were manipulated most easily, while fasteners more difficult to manipulate included an invisible zipper, no-sew gripper snaps, and several Velcro samples. Subjects tended to prefer conventional fasteners and methods of application used in ready-to-wear apparel. PMID- 7137292 TI - Correlation of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency with the Southern California Sensory Integration Tests. AB - Correlations between the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP) and the Southern California Sensory Integration Tests (SCSIT) were studied by using test results obtained from a sample of 49 learning-disabled children. It was found that those SCSIT tests with a motor component correlated significantly with the BOTMP battery composite scores. The fine motor composite scores of the BOTMP reflected the greatest percentage of significant correlation with SCSIT tests. These results suggested that the BOTMP would be useful for screening children for referral to occupational therapy by educators. In addition, the high correlation of the BOTMP with the SCSIT motor tests indicated that the BOTMP may be appropriate for use in clinical research to evaluate the effectiveness of sensory integrative procedures in relation to motor function. PMID- 7137290 TI - Arthritis: preferred learning methods among Arizona therapists. AB - Arizona occupational and physical therapists were surveyed about their needs for education in arthritis. Responses to statements regarding attitudes, knowledge, willingness to learn, and preferred methods of learning were subjected to chi square analysis. The results showed that a significant number of both occupational and physical therapists are deficient in knowledge about the disease and maintain negative attitudes about patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Both groups indicated a high interest in continuing education about arthritis. The preferred method of learning was self-study guides. PMID- 7137293 TI - Effectiveness of recruitment and information techniques in occupational therapy. AB - A national survey was conducted to determine how occupational therapists became interested in the field. Results from the study demonstrated that personal contact was the most effective technique for creating an interest in occupational therapy. However, books, magazines, aide and volunteer jobs, guidance counselors, and career days were adjuncts to the recruitment process. This study provides data concerning previous productive means that have been used in recruitment and suggests specific actions for future recruitment. PMID- 7137294 TI - Making videotapes: an activity for hospitalized adolescents. AB - An activities specialist, an instructional technologist, and an occupational therapist developed a videotape program for hospitalized adolescents. The goals of the program were to provide clients with an opportunity to use the videotape medium creatively, to promote communication between staff and clients, and to facilitate each client's mastery of some aspect of the health care experience. The program was initially implemented on a 30-bed adolescent inpatient unit of a pediatric hospital. Later, with little modification, the program was implemented with an outpatient adolescent group of 6 developmentally disabled young male adults whose antisocial behavior had resulted in contact with the penal system. PMID- 7137295 TI - Elevation board. PMID- 7137296 TI - Mother-infant activities as providers of sensory stimulation. AB - A descriptive study was conducted to determine types and amounts of stimulation to five sensory systems of an infant that occurred as a result of everyday mother infant activities. The infant studied was between 4 and 6 weeks of age. Results demonstrated that, overall, the baby received more tactile stimulation than any other type, followed by proprioceptive, auditory, visual, and vestibular stimulation. When activities were compared on a daily basis, feeding was found to provide the greatest amount of stimulation followed by playing, holding/carrying, bathing and changing. When compared on a per minute basis, playing was found to provide more stimulation than any other activity, followed by holding/carrying, bathing, changing, and feeding. The manner in which the various activities were carried out had a strong influence on the types and amounts of stimulation that resulted. Characteristics of both the infant and the mother appeared to be important influences on the types and amounts of stimulation the infant received. It was concluded that both mother and infant should be considered in planning therapeutic programs. PMID- 7137297 TI - The role of occupational therapy in hospice care. PMID- 7137299 TI - The issue: toward specialization. PMID- 7137298 TI - Arm restraints during functional activities. PMID- 7137300 TI - What the copyright laws mean to the writer. PMID- 7137301 TI - Normalization of prism bar vergences. AB - Normal values for asymmetric prism bar vergences were derived from the clinic population of the School of Optometry, University of Alabama in Birmingham. The means, standard deviations, effect of order of prism presentation, and eye dominance were examined for three clinical groups. The results provide standards for prism bar vergence and demonstrate that order of testing and dominance have no significant effect upon the values obtained. PMID- 7137302 TI - Human corneal oxygen flux under soft contact lenses. AB - Central corneal thickness of four human subjects was monitored by optical pachometry during wear of selected hydrophilic (polymacon) contact lenses of known parameters. Simple algebraic techniques were used to calculate anterior corneal surface oxygen flux using central corneal thickness change as an indication of tear layer oxygen tension. PMID- 7137303 TI - The psychological septum. An investigation into its function. AB - An experiment was designed that demonstrates that in a state of normal binocular vision a low plus sphere fogging the vision to 6/12 (20/40) produces an inhibition of the central foveal cones in the fogged eye. This inhibition is a natural process that can be switched on and off rapidly so that the fovea receiving the clearer image can examine it and hence produce maximum binocular acuity. PMID- 7137305 TI - Lens weight as a function of density, shape, and power. AB - An equation to determine the weight of a spherical lens as a function of its density, shape, and power is presented. I found that if center thickness and size are held constant, lens weight increases as the lens power increases in minus or decreases in plus. A way to calculate the power at which two lenses are equal in weight when they differ only in density is also presented. This power is the endpoint of a range of powers above which one of the two lenses is heavier, whereas below this power it is lighter than the other lens. A way to reduce the weight of a lens by altering the surface powers is also suggested. PMID- 7137304 TI - Early visual adaptation in color opponent goldfish ganglion cells. AB - The initial stages of light and dark adaptation in the human visual system cannot be explained by a simple relation between sensitivity and pigment bleaching. We found changes in sensitivity in the goldfish ganglion cells similar to those seen in humans, and our results from experiments suggest that a change in gain, rather than an overloading of the ganglion cell activity, is responsible for the sensitivity loss. Furthermore, long wavelength background lights selected to stimulate only the long wavelength receptor mechanism produce only the early sensitivity changes in the medium wavelength cone mechanism being monitored at the ganglion cell. This suggests that the early gain changes occur due to neural interaction where different receptor signals merge. PMID- 7137306 TI - Control theory approach to accommodation and vergence. AB - A control theory model that treats the accommodative system and the vergence system each as negative feedback systems is investigated. The effects of accommodative vergence and vergence accommodation are included. The controllers in this model are assumed to be linear time-invariant operators. Only time independent stimuli are considered. If vergence accommodation is neglected, the model is consistent with classical graphical analysis. By including vergence accommodation, several important changes occur. Disparity vergence is not, in general, equal to the dissociated phoria. The shape of the zone of single, clear, binocular vision is changed. Instabilities in the system arise. PMID- 7137307 TI - The effect of lifting the lids on corneal astigmatism. AB - Corneal toricity was measured using a keratometer with the lids in the normal position, and with the lids retracted. Lid retraction usually changed the measured toricity. In corneas with more than 1.00 D of with-the-rule astigmatism, the change was in the direction of less with-the-rule astigmatism. In corneas with astigmatism between 1 D with-the-rule and 1 D against-the-rule, the change was not systematic. The results compare with the original experiment of Masci (1965), who also found that corneas with more with-the-rule toricity show a greater reduction in toricity when the lids are retracted. Clearly the pressure the lids exert on the eyeball is a major factor influencing astigmatism. PMID- 7137308 TI - Quantification of arteriolar tortuosity in two normotensive age groups. AB - Arterioles of the human retinal circulation are directly visible and exhibit wide variations in their course. Not only is there marked variation in arteriolar tortuosity within a given age group, but also it has been proposed that the degree of arteriolar tortuosity is different in younger and older age groups. This paper reports on the development of a computer-assisted technique for measurement of arteriolar tortuosity and on the frequency distribution of this index in younger (mean age 22 years) and older (mean age 54.3 years) populations without hypertension. PMID- 7137309 TI - The validity of labeled parameters of aphakia-correcting soft contact lenses. AB - This study examines the validity of labeled parameters of aphakia-correcting soft contact lenses. The Nikon Projection Lensometer (NPL) and the Hydro-Vue Soft Lens Analyzer (HSLA) were used by two independent inspectors to measure 51 aphakia correcting lenses. The contact lens power, diameter, and base curve were measured by each of the inspectors and compared to the labeled parameters. All parameter relations that were analyzed revealed that measurements made by the inspectors were not statistically different (p greater than 0.05) from each other and that their combined measurements were not statistically different (p greater than 0.05) from the labeled values. PMID- 7137310 TI - Residual vision in the low vision patient--some concepts. AB - The ability to function with residual sight--visual ability--varies widely among individuals with low vision. The theoretical nature of visual ability, however, is poorly understood. Various components of visual ability are defined in an attempt to advance the understanding of this subject. PMID- 7137311 TI - Permanent corneal damage in a patient undergoing orthokeratology. PMID- 7137312 TI - Reading addition determination with several luminance levels and target configurations. PMID- 7137313 TI - Eye patching and visual evoked potential acuity in children four months to eight years old. AB - The monocular visual acuities of six children aged 4 months to 8 years were measured using visual evoked potentials (VEP's) before and during patching therapy. A seventh child had both Snellen and VEP monocular acuities determined before patching. In a cooperative child, it was estimated that VEP acuity was within 0.25 octaves (one line on an eye chart) of Snellen acuity. In the four children less than 3 years of age, patching resulted in a 1.8-octave decrease in acuity of the patched eye and a 2.0-octave improvement in the unpatched eye. After cessation of patching therapy, acuity of the previously patched eye improved 2.0 octaves and that of the abnormal eye declined 1.75 octaves. In the two children older than 4 years, patching resulted in 1.25-octave acuity decrease in the patched eye. Cessation of patching resulted in a 1.25-octave improvement in acuity of the patched eye. No permanent deleterious effects of patching on acuity were observed. PMID- 7137314 TI - Effect of orthoptic procedures on stereoscopic acuities. AB - Ten stereophotogrammetry students and three graduate photogrammetrists were given 7 weeks of nonspecific orthoptic exercises. The visual systems of these 13 experimental subjects were matched to those of 13 control subjects chosen from the students and staff of the Ferris State College of Optometry. Stereoscopic acuities were determined before and after the training period on both groups using a Wild Stereoplotter, a Howard-Dolman apparatus, and the Keystone Multi Stereo Test. Stereoscopic acuities as determined on the stereoplotter and the Howard-Dolman apparatus were improved at better than a 0.05 significance level as computed on the Wilcoxon signed rank test and Student's t-test for the difference between two dependent means. PMID- 7137315 TI - Ocular accommodation in the cat after electrical stimulation of mesencephalic reticular formation. AB - We measured ocular accommodation in the cat with a continuously recording infrared optometer. The brain stem reticular formation in an anesthetized cat was stimulated electrically with microelectrodes to evoke accommodation. Sites in the mesencephalic reticular formation caudal and ventral to the III nerve nucleus near the midline gave large positive accommodation responses. The velocity and amplitude of postive accommodation was graded, depending on the applied current and frequency of stimulation. Relaxation of accommodation proceeded at a fairly constant rate upon cessation of electrical stimulation. These findings provide new information on the amplitude and dynamic aspects of ocular accommodation in the cat. Also, the location of the stimulating electrodes suggest that in addition to the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, areas in the mesencephalic reticular formation between the cerebellum and the oculomotor nucleus are involved in ocular accommodation in the cat. PMID- 7137316 TI - Effects of the use of ancillary personnel on professional eye care services. PMID- 7137317 TI - Color photography of meibomian glands. PMID- 7137318 TI - Tilted disc and medullated nerve fibres. PMID- 7137319 TI - Split laser technique for optical study of the crystalline lens. PMID- 7137320 TI - Transient endothelial changes produced by hydrophilic contact lenses. PMID- 7137321 TI - Pathogenesis of thyroid nodules in multinodular goiter. AB - Pathogenesis of nodule formation was studied in over 100 nodular goiters from a subendemic area. 60 surgical specimens were autoradiographed. Only one classical, well-encapsulated adenoma was detected. All other nodules were incompletely encapsulated and consisted of follicles that were morphologically and functionally identical to those of nonnodular parenchyma. Most characteristic was the tremendous interfollicular heterogeneity appearing on autoradiographs. Nodular goiters contain multiple foci and strands of fibrous tissue, which result from scarring of multiple hemorrhagic necroses occurring during goiter growth. Therefore, the slowly growing number of newly formed follicles has to squeeze into the meshes of an inelastic network of connective tissue. Nodular growth pattern is the inevitable consequence. Some particular nodules expand because of excessive accumulation of colloid. We conclude that most thyroid nodules in long standing goiters consist of ordinary, polyclonal goiter follicles which expand in nodular fashion because they replicate within a mold made out of a poorly extensible network of connective tissue. PMID- 7137322 TI - The relationship of body fat weight, determined densitometrically, to relative weight and triceps skinfold in American youths, 12-17 years of age. AB - The relationship between fat weight, measured densitometrically, and the triceps skinfold and Quetelet's Index has been analyzed by means of linear regression analysis of 235 American youths, 12-17 years of age; 48 males and 41 females were from Minneapolis and 121 males and 25 females from the Greater Philadelphia area. Validation was accomplished by using the results of 10 separate regression analysis, each on 90% of the sample, the remaining 10% serving in each instance as the validation group; this is known as the Jackknife Method. When the Minneapolis and Philadelphia components were pooled, suitable regression models were derived with standard deviations of the errors of prediction of 3.330 kg in males and 2.056 in females. When the sample was subdivided by city the SD's remained essentially the same, but the mean errors were larger. It is concluded that the linear regression models can be used on closely similar populations to estimate fat weight for groups, but estimates for individuals may be expected to have an error of +/- 5-6 kg (i.e., 2 SD's) and are therefore not likely to be suitably accurate for use. The regression weights indicate a greater contribution of the triceps skinfold to fat weight than of Quetelet's Index in males. In females the reverse was found. This may affect sex differences in prevalence rates of obesity, if the diagnosis is based upon a single anthropometric indicator. PMID- 7137323 TI - Cone-shaped epiphyses in Japanese children. AB - Cone-shaped epiphyses (CSE) are reported in left-hand radiographs of a sample of 1,399 otherwise normal Japanese children aged 5-11 years. CSE occurred in only three centers: distal thumb, mid-index finger, and mid-fifth finger. The overall frequency of 23% shows a female bias (32% to 16%), which disappears when mid-5 cones are excluded. Chi-squared analyses show significant gender bias for mid-5 cones alone or in combination with the other phalanges, and show significant center associations: CSE in distal-1 and/or mid-2 are more common in association with mid-5 cones than they are without mid-5 cones. The CSE female bias in mid-5 is essentially unchanged across age-cohorts when bone-age is controlled for precocity, and no significant trends in CSE frequency with age are noted for either gender. PMID- 7137324 TI - The genetic demography of the Gainj of Papua New Guinea. I. Local differentiation of blood group, red cell enzyme, and serum protein allele frequencies. AB - Allele frequencies are reported for 19 blood group, red cell enzyme, and serum protein loci (ABO, Rh, MN, Hb-A, LDH-A, LDH-B, SOD, PGM-1, PGM-2, 6PGD, GPT, ESD, ADA, ACP, PGK, MDH, Alb, Hp, and Tf) determined from 310 blood samples collected among the Gainj, a small population of tribal horticulturalists from highland Papua New Guniea. Fourteen of these loci display genetic variants, and ten of them are sufficiently polymorphic to permit a preliminary analysis of Gainj population structure. Patterns of variation among subdivisions of the population are analyzed using an approach analogous to a multivariate analysis of variance with unbalanced design, and weighted genetic distances are extracted from the results. The distance analysis indicates that patterns of genetic variation within this population reflect the geographical distribution of subdivisions, as well as subdivision size and movement among subdivisions. A parallel analysis of the Gainj and two other tribal groups from highland New Guinea, the Murapin Enga and the Simbai Valley Maring, suggests that the Gainj are both genetically divergent from neighboring populations and internally highly differentiated. PMID- 7137325 TI - Dermatoglyphic characters and physique: a correlation study. AB - The association of anthropometrics, particularly hand measurements, with dermatoglyphic characters is quantified. Children with square hands exhibit higher main line indices, a-b ridge counts, and more open atd angles. Adults with broader hands have more arches. Taller individuals with larger hands present higher a-b ridge counts and leaner subjects with long narrow hands, closer atd angles. The correlation of physique and dermatoglyphics is small but if verified, suggests that at early fetal stages, factors responsible for the establishment of dermatoglyphic patterns interact with genetic determinants of adult shape that are already active. PMID- 7137326 TI - Craniocervical morphology and posture in Australian aboriginals. AB - The length of the spinal column as a percentage of stature is smaller in the Australian aboriginal than in most other ethnic groups (Abbie, 1957). It is conceivable that relative lengths of the cervical column might influence population differences in craniocervical posture and craniofacial morphology. The present study aimed to elucidate this relationship by comparing head posture and craniofacial morphology in Australian aboriginals to the same features in a previously studied sample of 120 Danish students (Solow and Tallgren, 1976). The aboriginal sample consisted of 42 young male adults from the Yuendumu settlement, Northern Territory, Australia. Cephalometric films of the natural head position were taken during a field trip to the settlement. The comparison comprised 18 postural and 61 morphological variables. In the aboriginals, the cervical column was shorter and had a less pronounced lordosis. The head was held about 3 degrees lower, and the upper cervical column was 8 1/2 degrees more forward inclined. As a consequence, the craniocervical angle was about 6 degrees larger. Comparison of the craniofacial morphology in the two groups showed in the aboriginals a shorter upper facial height, a larger anterior lower facial height, and a larger vertical jaw relationship (NL/ML). The length of the posterior cranial base, s-ba, was 4 mm shorter (P less than 0.001) in the aboriginals, possibly developmentally related to the generally shorter spinal column in Australian aboriginals. PMID- 7137327 TI - The effect of high altitude on the growth of children of high socioeconomic status in Bolivia. AB - The physical growth of middle to upper class children of primarily European ancestry attending the private French School in L Paz, Bolivia is described and analyzed to determine how high altitude affects growth in this group of children. The sample consists of 323 children, most between the ages of 8 and 14, who reside at altitudes between 3200 and 3600 meters, but who have spent different amounts of time at high altitude. Comparisons between children who differ in their exposure to high altitude, and comparisons between French School children and other samples of high and low altitude children were used to assess the effect of high altitude on growth. Children who had lived all their lives at high altitude were found to be smaller in terms of general body size than those who had spent the shortest amount of time at high altitude, confirming the results of previous investigations of child growth in the Andes. Most studies of indigenous Andean populations have found that chest dimensions relative to stature increase with altitude, but it is not clear that this same trend exists in Bolivian French School children. Although exposure to high altitude does affect the growth of French School children, their height is essentially the same as that of Guatemalan children of high socioeconomic status. Within the age range studied, the effect of high altitude is small relative to that of other environmental factors and genetic factors, even in these children of high socioeconomic status. PMID- 7137329 TI - Incarcerated transmesenteric hernia--a case report. PMID- 7137328 TI - Some variables of the craniofacial complex in a Venezuelan population of Negroid ancestry. AB - A total of 226 individuals (101 males and 125 females), from La Sabana, a Venezuelan Negroid isolate, with ages between 8 and 60 years, were studied in order to characterize the population for its craniofacial variables and to study the behavior of these variables in relation to age and sex. The variables studied were grouped in three categories: direct cephalometric variables, which included 6 measurements taken directly on the individuals; indirect cephalometric variables, which included 18 measurements (9 angular and 9 linear), taken on lateral head films; and dental variables, which included 9 measurements taken from dental models. In general the direct variables showed the lowest coefficients of variation (CV), suggesting homogeneity within this sample. They were followed by the dental and the indirect variables, which had the highest CV values. In order to detect age and sex effects on the variables, sex and age group comparisons were performed with Student t tests. A greater proportion of significant differences were found among the direct variables, indicating that age and sex have more influence on this group of variables than upon the other two. Comparisons of our sample from La Sabana, with samples from African Negroid, Caucasoid, and Amerindian population show that La Sabana individuals have a craniofacial pattern basically Negroid, as we expected, although some contribution from Caucasoides and especially Amerindians is also suggested in our data. PMID- 7137330 TI - Leiomyosarcoma of the colon with hepatic metastases. PMID- 7137331 TI - Cryosurgery or electric coagulation? An experimental study on animals. PMID- 7137332 TI - A simple and safe technique for the local excision of gastric leiomyoma using staples. PMID- 7137333 TI - Use of the colon segment as a gastric substitute after total gastrectomy. PMID- 7137334 TI - Cost of force development as a function of stimulus rate in rat soleus muscle. AB - The energy cost (determined myothermically) and mean stress (force per cross sectional area) development of soleus muscles from adult rats were determined. Muscles were stimulated at various frequencies from 0.25 to 100 Hz over a 4-s interval, and the resulting stress-time integral was averaged over this period to yield a total heat vs. mean stress relation. This relation was characterized by three zones, i.e., 1) a linear zone corresponding to unfused twitches, 2) an intermediate zone corresponding to partial fusion during the relaxation phase only, and 3) a second linear zone corresponding to partially and fully fused tetani. The energy cost of mean stress development in the twitch zone was about four times higher than that of the fusion zone. The results are discussed in terms of the firing frequencies at which motor unit recruitment occurs in mammalian slow-twitch muscles. PMID- 7137335 TI - Intracellular oxygen supply during hypoxia. AB - The intracellular supply of O2 to mitochondria was studied in single-cell suspensions of rat hepatocytes by measuring the O2 dependence of oxidation of cytochromes. Values were obtained by adding standardized O2-containing solutions to anaerobic cell suspensions and observing absorbance changes at wavelength pairs specific for cytochromes a + a3, c + c1, and b561 + b566. Half-maximal oxidation, calculated relative to aerobic cells, occurred at 3.5, 6.2, and 4.9 microM O2, respectively. These values are similar to those for changes in cellular ATP/ADP, lactate/pyruvate, and NADH/NAD+ but are much higher than corresponding values for isolated mitochondria. Analysis of these data indicate that the diffusion coefficient in the region of mitochondria in situ is considerably smaller than the extracellular diffusion coefficient and suggests that a significant O2 gradient in the vicinity of mitochondria occurs under hypoxic conditions. These results suggest that the rate of O2 diffusion may be a critical factor for intracellular O2 supply to mitochondria during hypoxia. PMID- 7137336 TI - [3H]QNB binding to muscarinic receptors in intact avian salt gland cells. PMID- 7137337 TI - Membrane permeability of isolated lung cells to nonelectrolytes at different temperatures. AB - Membrane permeability coefficients (P0) of rabbit lung cells consisting primarily of alveolar epithelial and endothelial cells and of alveolar macrophages from dog lungs were determined for tritiated water, n-[14C]alcohols, and [14C]antipyrine over the temperature range 10 to 37 degrees C with the series-parallel pathway model. In the mixed cell preparation both the diffusional permeability to water (755 X 10(-5) cm.s-1 at 37 degrees C) and the response to temperature change (apparent activation energy, Ea, 10 kcal.mol-1) are greater than the corresponding values in the macrophages (110 X 10(-5) cm.s-1 and 4.8 kcal.mol-1, respectively). The permeability coefficients for the small alcohols (C1-C3) are similar and considerably higher than for water in both cellular preparations. The values of the permeability coefficients and the temperature dependence for antipyrine and the larger alcohols in the mixed lung cells differ from the values obtained in the macrophages. Comparison of our results with those obtained in erythrocytes and Novikoff hepatoma cells demonstrates the differences in water permeability in each cell preparation and the similarity in permeation for the more lipophilic solutes in the cell preparations. These differences may be important in the comparison of results obtained in isolated cellular systems and in intact tissues and organs. PMID- 7137338 TI - Na+-dependent hexose transport in vesicles from cultured renal epithelial cell line. AB - Apical membrane vesicles were prepared from cultured epithelia formed by LLC-PK1 cells using a calcium precipitation technique. alpha-Methylglucoside uptake into this vesicle preparation was markedly stimulated by sodium and inhibited by phlorizin. In addition, a transient "overshoot" of intravesicular alpha methylglucoside concentration above its equilibrium value was observed under initial sodium gradient conditions. The specificity of this sodium-dependent hexose transporter closely resembled that found in the mammalian kidney brush border membrane, e.g., alpha-methylglucoside, D-glucose, and D-galactose apparently share the transporter while 2-deoxy-D-glucose, mannose, and fructose do not. Kinetic analysis of the sodium-dependent component of alpha methylglucoside flux into LLC-PK1 apical membrane vesicles indicates the existence of single transporter with Km congruent to 2 mM and Vmax congruent to 3 nmol.min-1.mg protein-1. Measurement of alpha-methylglucoside uptake as a function of sodium concentration is consistent with a sodium:sugar stoichiometry of approximately 2:1.l There is a good correlation over time between the development of the concentrating capacity of the intact epithelium for alpha methylglucoside and the transport properties of the vesicle preparation. PMID- 7137339 TI - A sensitive photoelectric force transducer with a resonant frequency of 6 kHz. AB - A displacement-type photoelectric force transducer with a projection arm and a resonant frequency of 6 kHz is described. A vane on a moving element partially interrupts a light beam shining on a pair of phototransistors. Movement of the vane causes changes in the phototransistor currents, which are amplified to give an overall sensitivity of 10 mV/mg. Most of the half of each phototransistor not under the vane is covered by a mask, the edge of which is parallel to the edge of the vane. This increases the sensitivity of the transducer so that stiffer moving elements can be used. Compliance of the transducer at the tip of the projection arm is about 10 micrometers/g. The inertia of the lightweight moving element is minimized by having it rotate about a twisting strip hinge. The equivalent mass of the moving element at the tip, 6 mm from the pivot, is about 0.9 mg. The principal advantages of the transducer over other types is that it is nearly impervious to moisture. PMID- 7137340 TI - Reduction of hematopoietic stem cells and adaptive increase in cell cycle rate in rickets. AB - The close but complex physiological interactions between osteogenesis and hematopoiesis during differentiation, development, and function are unclear. As vitamin D has a major role in bone metabolism and function, we have investigated the effects of vitamin D deficiency on bone marrow cellular kinetics. Using rats in vitamin D-deficient status in utero as well as in postfetal life, we have investigated changes in hematopoiesis. Total cellularity, colony-forming unit (CFU) content, and the cycled rate were determined from the axial compartment of the femoral marrow. A marked reduction in the CFU content and a corresponding increase in the cycle fraction began at 30 days of age and stabilized by 45 days of age at 4.2 +/- 0.4 CFUs per 1 X 10(5) nucleated cells in the vitamin D deficient animals as compared with 9.4 +/- 1.6 in the control group. During the same period of time the CFU generation time decreased from 61 +/- 5 h in the normal animals to 24 +/- 6 h in the vitamin D-deficient animals. Administration of either 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D3] or 24,25-(OH)2D3 at 45 days of age on a daily basis for 7-14 days failed to correct the defect although the serum calcium and phosphate were corrected. The data indicate that factors influencing the development of bones may affect bone marrow cells as well. Vitamin D metabolites may be needed for normal development and function of marrow colony-forming cells in utero. PMID- 7137341 TI - Central infusion of vasopressin decreased plasma vasopressin concentration in dogs. AB - The effects of increasing the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) vasopressin concentration (CSFADH) by intracerebroventricular infusion of vasopressin on the plasma vasopressin concentration (PADH) were studied in four groups of anesthetized dogs. One group received an intracerebroventricular infusion of artificial CSF (ACSF) alone for 90 min; the other groups were infused intracerebroventricularly with vasopressin at rates of 10, 20, or 50 microunits/min for 90 min. Arterial blood and CSF samples were taken just before infusion and at 30-min intervals for 210 min. Vasopressin infused intracerebroventricularly at 10, 20, and 50 microunits/min resulted in peak CSFADH of 32.2 +/- 5.3, 82.6 +/- 4.5, and 131.4 +/- 12.5 microunits/ml and reductions in PADH of 32, 47, and 51%, respectively. Only the latter two responses were significant (P less than 0.5-0.01). Because the peak increases in CSFADH after intracerebroventricular infusion of vasopressin ranged from values that were similar to or five times higher than those seen after severe hemorrhage or intracerebroventricular hypertonic saline infusion, we suggest that centrally acting vasopressin may play a physiological role in control of vasopressin secretion. PMID- 7137342 TI - Modulation of corticosteroid secretion by dopaminergic mechanisms in rhesus monkeys. AB - This study was designed to investigate dopaminergic mechanisms in the control of corticosteroid secretion. Ten rhesus monkeys received metoclopramide (1.25 mg iv) or domperidone (1.25 mg iv) with 5% dextrose (vehicle) or with dopamine (4 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) infusions begun 60 min before administration of the dopamine antagonist. Metoclopramide, in the presence of vehicle, increased plasma 18-hydroxycorticosterone from 11.2 +/- 1.0 ng/dl to a maximum concentration of 50 +/- 5.1, plasma aldosterone from 5.4 +/- 0.7 ng/dl to a maximum of 38.2 +/- 4.9, and prolactin (PRL) concentrations from 8.5 +/- 1.2 ng/ml to a maximum of 114.6 +/- 7.2. Domperidone, in the presence of vehicle, increased plasma PRL concentrations from 8.6 +/- 1.2 ng/ml to a maximum of 148.7 +/- 7.8 but had no effect on plasma corticosteroids. Dopamine infusion inhibited the 18 hydroxycorticosterone, aldosterone, and PRL response to metoclopramide and the PRL response to domperidone. These results demonstrate that 18 hydroxycorticosterone and aldosterone responses to metoclopramide and PRL responses to metoclopramide and domperidone are mediated by their antagonist activity at dopamine receptors. Domperidone may fail to stimulate aldosterone secretion because it does not cross the blood-brain barrier or fails to act as an antagonist at the glomerulosa dopamine receptor through which dopaminergic modulation of corticosteroid secretion is mediated. A parallel time course of stimulation of 18-hydroxycorticosterone and aldosterone secretion without changes in other aldosterone precursors suggests that dopamine modulates the activity of the glomerulosa 18-hydroxylase enzyme. PMID- 7137343 TI - Effect of phenoxybenzamine on development of adipose tissue in lean and obese Zucker rats. AB - Young male Zucker lean (Fa/-) and obese (fa/fa) rats were fed the alpha adrenergic blocking agent phenoxybenzamine as a dietary admixture for 35 days. In lean and obese rats, phenoxybenzamine treatment decreased significantly body weight gain, food consumption, grams of carcass fat, and grams of carcass protein. Lean rats exhibited reduced fat cell size and number in retroperitoneal, epididymal, and inguinal fat depots. Obese rats treated with phenoxybenzamine exhibited significantly decreased numbers of fat cells in the retroperitoneal, epididymal, and inguinal fat depots and a small decreased cell size in the inguinal fat depot only. The levels of carcass fat and protein and fat cell number in obese and lean rats treated with phenoxybenzamine for 35 days were similar to pretreatment values in agreement with the lack of body weight gain. Although values in agreement with the lack of body weight gain. Although rats exhibited marked decreases in fat accumulation during phenoxybenzamine treatment, fat cell size and number returned to control values during the posttreatment period with a marked hyperplasia occurring particularly in the retroperitoneal fat depot of obese rats. Serum levels of insulin were suppressed and free fatty acid levels increased in obese rats during phenoxybenzamine treatment, suggesting a stimulation of the sympathoadrenal system. This study shows that despite severe restrictions in fat cell proliferation during the rapid-growth phase of the obese Zucker rat, the mechanisms for cellular proliferation and fat deposition remain intact. PMID- 7137344 TI - Time course of effects of ovarian hormones on food intake and metabolism. AB - The effects of administration of estradiol benzoate (EB) or EB plus progesterone (EB + Prog) on feeding behavior and lipid metabolism were examined in ovariectomized rats killed 1, 2, 3, 7, or 14 days after the onset of hormone treatment. EB caused a transient decrease in food intake and body weight gain and a sustained decrease in adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity, and progesterone attenuated this EB effect. Hepatic acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthetase (FAS) activities decreased in the first days of hormone treatment (both EB and EB + Prog treatments) and returned to normal at 1 wk in both treatment groups. At 2 wk, hepatic ACC and FAS activities were greatly elevated in the EB, but not the EB + Prog group. These data demonstrate the complexity of the patterns of behavioral and metabolic responses after ovarian hormone manipulation in adult female rats. PMID- 7137345 TI - Enrichment of glycine pool in plasma and tissues by glycine, di-, tri-, and tetraglycine. AB - Very little information is available on metabolism of oligopeptides in vivo. The present studies were performed to investigate the metabolic fate of diglycine, triglycine, and tetraglycine when injected into a central vein in rats. These peptides disappeared rapidly from plasma without any significant loss in urine. Plasma and tissue concentrations of glycine were measured when the same amount of glycine was injected in free or peptide form. Two minutes after the injection of glycine (1.l0 mumol/g body wt), there was over a tenfold increase in plasma glycine concentration. This increase was diminished when diglycine instead of glycine was injected. Each increase in the number of glycine residues resulted in further reduction in the initial rise in plasma glycine concentration was increased by each injection. This was more pronounced in the kidney than in the liver. Injection of triglycine and tetraglycine resulted in greater glycine concentration in the kidney than injection of either glycine or diglycine. Furthermore, unlike liver and muscle, each increase in the number of glycine residues resulted in greater recovery of glycine peptides from the kidney. These results suggest that with each increase in the number of glycine residues a greater amount of injected glycine peptide is taken up by the kidney for hydrolysis to glycine. PMID- 7137346 TI - Direct analysis of the effector mechanism of the tubuloglomerular feedback system. AB - The determinants of single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) were examined in Munich-Wistar rats by direct glomerular micropuncture during orthograde perfusion of the same nephron's loop of Henle with isotonic Ringer solution at O and 40 nl/min. At the higher loop flow rate, SNGFR decreased significantly by approximately 35% relative to the nonperfused condition. Whereas indirect stop-flow estimates of mean glomerular capillary hydraulic pressure (PGC) also decreased significantly by approximately 8 mmHg, directly measured PGC values were found to be unaffected by the change in loop flow rate. Instead, both glomerular plasma flow rate (QA) and the ultrafiltration coefficient were found to decrease significantly at the higher loop flow rate, thereby accounting for the measured reduction in SNGFR. Given the observed near constancy of directly measured PGC and significant reduction in QA, both afferent and effect arteriolar resistances were calculated to increase in response to the higher loop perfusion rate. In a separate set of experiments, it was demonstrated that cessation of glomerular filtration increased directly measured PGC in the condition of zero loop perfusion but not when the loop was perfused at a high flow rate. These results indicate 1) that tubuloglomerular feedback-induced changes in SNGFR are not accompanied by changes in PGC; and 2) that tubuloglomerular feedback regulation of GFR is mediated by alterations in vasomotor tone of preglomerular, glomerular, and postglomerular microvessels. 3) Based on the close anatomical contact between mesangial cells and these vessels, a single effector mechanism channeled through mesangial contractility is suggested. PMID- 7137348 TI - Potassium transport by the renal distal tubule: effects of potassium loading. AB - Microperfusion studies were performed on superficial distal tubules to determine the relationship between potassium secretion by the distal tubule and plasma potassium concentrations in rats on a control and a high potassium diet. Potassium was infused in graded doses into animals on a control diet and into animals receiving a high potassium diet. Since potassium loading in rats is known to inhibit proximal tubular sodium and fluid reabsorption and thereby could lead to nonspecific flow-related stimulation of potassium secretion by the distal tubule, continuous microperfusion techniques at constant flow rate were used to measure the rate of potassium secretion. Additionally, plasma aldosterone levels were measured and renal clearance experiments carried out. The results show that potassium secretion, restricted to cells of the late distal tubule, reaches a maximal rate at a plasma potassium concentration of about 6 meq/liter. Potassium adaptation significantly enhances potassium secretion compared with animals on a control diet over a range of plasma potassium from 3.8 to 7.4 meq/liter. Enhanced potassium secretion by the distal tubule, in both control and potassium-adapted animals, is associated with increased aldosterone levels. PMID- 7137347 TI - Pathways for carboxylic acid transport by rabbit renal brush border membrane vesicles. AB - Brush border membrane vesicles were purified from rabbit renal cortex using a calcium-precipitation procedure, and the uptake of carboxylic acids was determined by a rapid-filtration method. L-Lactate, pyruvate (monocarboxylic acids), and succinate (dicarboxylic acid) demonstrated features of Na+ cotransport: enhanced initial rate (1 s) of uptake with an inward Na+ gradient compared with the Na+ -free control condition and transient accumulation of substrate within the vesicles. Kinetic parameters derived for L-lactate and succinate show that each substrate is transported via single pathway and that the two substrates exhibit marginal cross-inhibition. A range of monocarboxylic acids including pyruvate and ketone bodies appear to interact with the monocarboxylic acid carrier. The kinetics of Nat-dependent pyruvate uptake suggest at least two transport pathways-namely, that this monocarboxylate shares both the mono- and dicarboxylic acid carriers. We conclude that isolated rabbit renal microvillus membranes possess independent transport systems for mono- and polycarboxylic acids. PMID- 7137349 TI - Effect of differing concentrations of parathyroid hormone on rat renal electrolyte excretion. AB - Urinary clearance studies were performed on acutely thyroparathyroidectomized rats to study the effect of a range of parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations on renal electrolyte transport. PTH 0.1 U, prime and per hour, significantly increased the plasma calcium concentration, yet fractional calcium excretion was increased by 47.5% and inorganic phosphate excretion remained unaltered. PTH 1 U produced a similar increase in the plasma calcium concentration. However, urinary calcium excretion was unchanged when compared with control animals and a small phosphaturia occurred (from 0.1 +/- 0.1 to 0.8 +/- 0.2%; P less than 0.05). PTH 10 U decreased fractional calcium excretion by 50% and increased fractional phosphate excretion from 0.4 +/- 02. to 19.4 +/- 1.7% (P less than 0.01). Changes in urinary magnesium excretion were similar to those of calcium, being increased with the lowest PTH concentration yet decreased with a 100-fold increase in PTH concentration. These data suggest that PTH, at a low physiological concentration that acts on bone, does not directly alter renal electrolyte handling. High physiological concentrations of PTH, however, produce a brisk phosphaturia and reduce calcium and magnesium excretion. A reappraisal of the accepted role of PTH on renal calcium conservation is therefore required. PMID- 7137350 TI - Components of acidification of an amino acid solution bathing oxyntic mucosa. PMID- 7137351 TI - Importance of dietary amines in meal-induced gastrin release. AB - The dietary chemical constituents responsible for initiating the gastrin secretory response to a meal have yet to be identified. The evidence supporting the importance of dietary amino acids in the initiation of the postprandial release of gastrin is both conflicting and unconvincing. In this study we investigated the role of the amino acid breakdown products ammonia and the amines in the regulation of gastrin release both in vivo and in vitro. Lyophilization of standard rat food under alkaline conditions results in the volatilization of both ammonia and the amines, which can be subsequently condensed in a cold trap. The normal postprandial release of gastrin is significantly reduced by approximately 50% when rats are fed this freeze-dried diet. Addition of the amine-containing condensate back to the freeze-dried diet completely restores this response to normal. Analysis of the completely restores this response to normal. Analysis of the condensate by thin-layer chromatography revealed that it contained ammonia, methylamine, ethylamine, dimethylamine, and a fourth unidentified aliphatic amine. All of the above compounds significantly stimulated the release of gastrin from isolated G cells. Similarly, addition of ammonia and a synthetic amine mixture to the freeze-dried diet completely restored the postprandial release of gastrin to normal levels. In conclusion, our results suggest that dietary amines and ammonia may play a key role in initiating the gastrin secretory response to a meal. PMID- 7137353 TI - Postprandial changes in contractile activity and bile concentration in gallbladder of the dog. PMID- 7137352 TI - Surface epithelial HCO3(-) transport by mammalian duodenum in vivo. AB - Duodenal surface epithelial transport of HCO3(-) was measured by direct titration in anesthetized animals. Alkalinization of the lumen occurred in all species, although basal rates varied considerably: rats (approximately 10), cats (approximately 15), pigs (approximately 25), dogs (approximately 25), guinea pigs (approximately 40), and rabbits (approximately 170 mueq.cm-1.h-1). In cats duodenum transported HCO3(-) at a greater basal rate than jejunum (approximately 5 mueq.cm-2.h-1) and developed a higher transmucosal electrical potential difference (PD, lumen negative). Luminal application of 10 mM HCl for 5 min produced a sustained increase in the rate of duodenal HCO3(-) transport that was accompanied by a rise in appearance of E-like prostaglandin immunoreactivity in the lumen and a decrease in DNA release. In cats pretreated with indomethacin (10 mg/kg iv), acid caused only a transient increase in HCO3(-) transport. Exogenous prostaglandin E2 (1-12 microM, luminal) increased basal HCO3(-) transport in cats, rats, and dogs but had no effect on this transport in guinea pigs and rabbits. However, prostaglandin E2 increased HCO3(-) transport and PD in guinea pigs pretreated with inhibitors of tissue cyclooxygenase activity (indomethacin or aspirin) or gastric H+ secretion (cimetidine). Thus the continuous exposure of the duodenum of herbivores to HCl discharged from the stomach may itself stimulate HCO3(-) transport via an increase in endogenous prostaglandin levels and render exogenous prostaglandins ineffective. Secretin (1-15 CU/kg iv) was without effect in both cats and guinea pigs. In guinea pigs, intravenous glucagon (120-360 micrograms.kg-1.h-1) or gastric inhibitory peptide (5 micrograms/kg) both increased HCO3(-) transport but not PD. Hence, prostaglandin-stimulated and hormone-stimulated mechanisms of HCO3(-) transport probably occur in mammalian duodenum as found previously in the isolated amphibian duodenum. The results suggest that epithelial HCO3(-) transport is a major mechanism of acid disposal, and thus mucosal protection, in mammalian duodenum under the control of hormones and endogenous prostaglandins. PMID- 7137354 TI - Nutrient and bowel segment dependency of human intestinal control of gastric secretion. AB - The gastric secretory effects of protein, fat, and carbohydrate infused at different levels of the small bowel were investigated in seven healthy subjects. Similar caloric loads (53.4 kcal) of protein (essential amino acids), lipid (oleic acid), and carbohydrate (glucose) in isomolar (280 mosmol/l) similar pH (7.4) solutions were infused into 60-cm segments of small bowel (isolated between two occlusive balloons), located distal to the ligament of Treitz (proximal), proximal to the ileocecal valve (distal), and between the two (middle). A submaximal gastric secretory background was provided by continuous intravenous pentagastrin. Protein stimulated acid secretion in the proximal (increase of 8.7 meq/h, representing 84 +/- 5% of control level) and middle (increase of 1.9 meq/h, representing 16 +/- 2% of control level) segments, while it inhibited acid secretion when infused into the distal segment (decrease of 3.7 meq/h, representing 33 +/- 4% of control level). In contrast, both lipid and carbohydrate inhibited acid secretion similarly (33-38% of control level) at all levels of the bowel. The different effects of protein at different levels of the bowel could not be explained by differences in serum gastrin, different degrees of absorption, or different postabsorptive levels of alpha-amino nitrogen. This suggests the presence of hormonal (nongastrin) or neural mechanisms in the proximal bowel to stimulate acid secretion and/or in the distal bowel to inhibit acid secretion. Thus, factors that determine specific nutrient loads to specific segments of bowel can have important physiological effects on gastric acid secretion. PMID- 7137355 TI - Comparison of binding and removal of remnants of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins of intestinal and hepatic origin by rat liver in vitro. AB - Chylomicrons were isolated from intestinal lymph and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) from the perfusate of isolated perfused livers. In vivo the initial phase of clearance of these particles was very rapid. Chylomicrons appeared to be cleared more quickly than VLDL (t1/2 = 3.7 +/- 1.4 vs. 10.6 +/- 4.0 min). Remnants were prepared from these particles in eviscerated rats and isolated using conditions under which contamination of particles from one organ by particles from the other organ was minimal. The removal of these remnant particles by isolated perfused livers was studied. VLDL remnants were removed more rapidly than the nascent VLDL. The removal of 125I-labeled VLDL remnants was inhibited by the presence of unlabeled VLDL remnants or chylomicron remnants in the perfusate. A 15- to 20-fold excess of either particle inhibited about 50% of the uptake of the labeled lipoprotein. The two types of remnants had comparable potency as competitors of uptake. Similarly, the two types of remnants inhibited uptake of a trace of labeled chylomicron remnants. The binding of these particles to rat liver plasma remnants. The binding of these particles to rat liver plasma membranes was also investigated. Both labeled chylomicron remnants and VLDL remnants bound specifically to the membranes, and either type of remnant displaced the binding of the other with equal potency. Taken together, these results indicate that chylomicron and VLDL remnants share the same hepatic removal mechanism and suggest that the rate of removal of a remnant is not a function of the organ of origin of the precursor lipoprotein. PMID- 7137356 TI - Effect of neurotensin on mechanical and intracellular electrical activity of the canine stomach. AB - Intracellular microelectrode and standard organ bath techniques were used to study in vitro the effects of neurotensin on the electrical and mechanical activities of canine antral circular smooth muscle. Neurotensin reduced or abolished spontaneous contractions. Muscarinic and adrenergic antagonists and tetrodotoxin did not block the effects of neurotensin, suggesting that the action of neurotensin was due to a direct action on the smooth muscle cell. Although the inhibitory effect of norepinephrine and neurotensin was similar, the effect of neurotensin did not appear to occur by an adrenergic mechanism because alpha- and beta-receptor blockade had no effect. Neurotensin also reduced or abolished contractions stimulated by pentagastrin and acetylcholine. The inhibitory effect of neurotensin on spontaneous acetylcholine- and pentagastrin-stimulated contractions was associated with a decrease in the amplitude and duration of the plateau potential of the gastric action potential. The data suggest that modulation of antral contractions by neurotensin occurs through a voltage dependent mechanism that operates during the plateau potential. PMID- 7137357 TI - Enrichment of bile with tauroursodeoxycholic acid and biliary cholesterol saturation in hamsters. AB - Three groups of golden Syrian hamsters were fed equimolar amounts of taurine conjugated ursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) or unconjugated ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) with or without excess taurine for 2 wk. They also received a lithogenic diet composed of standard rodent chow containing ethynylestradiol and increased cholesterol. Bile was obtained from the gallbladder after ketamine anesthesia and analyzed for biliary lipids. The percentage of biliary UDCA was higher with TUDCA (38.5 +/- 3.7) than with UDCA plus taurine (26.5 +/- 2.0, P less than 0.01). The glycine-to-taurine ratio of biliary UDCA conjugates was lower with TUDCA (0.9 +/- 0.1) than with UDCA plus taurine (2.1 +/- 0.2, P less than 0.01) and was highest with UDCA without taurine (4.1 +/- 0.1, P less than 0.01). Biliary cholesterol (molar percentage) and the cholesterol saturation indices with or without correction for UDCA-rich bile were significantly lower with TUDCA than with unconjugated UDCA with or without added taurine. In conclusion, administration for 2 wk of TUDCA, compared with an equimolar amount of unconjugated UDCA plus taurine, produced in the bile of hamsters a higher percentage of UDCA, a lower glycine-to-taurine ratio of UDCA conjugates, and a lower saturation index before and after adjustment for UDCA-rich bile. PMID- 7137358 TI - Cardiac output distribution during vasopressin infusion or dehydration in conscious dogs. AB - To better understand the role of arginine vasopressin in cardiovascular regulation, we measured in unanesthetized dogs regional blood flows with radioactive microspheres before and during 1-h vasopressin infusions that increased the vasopressin concentration of plasma by 11 +/- 0.6 pg/ml. Cardiac output measured by an electromagnetic flowmeter decreased by 13%. Blood flows to the skeletal muscle and skin, the areas most affected, decreased by 30.8 and 34.3%, respectively. In the same group of dogs a period of 48-h water restriction increased plasma vasopressin by 6.9 +/- 1.3 pg/ml and reduced cardiac output by 14.4%. Skeletal muscle blood flow decreased by 32.8%, a pattern strikingly similar to that following vasopressin infusion. Obvious differences between vasopressin infusion and dehydration were also noted, in particular in the skin and splanchnic areas. However, the possibility that vasopressin contributed to the cardiovascular adjustments to dehydration must be considered. The use of an antagonist of the vascular effects of vasopressin, [1-deaminopenicillamine, 2-(O methyl)tyrosine]arginine-vasopressin ([dPTyr(Me)]AVP), did not permit us to clarify this issue, because this analogue given alone exerted pronounced systemic and regional cardiovascular effects that resembled those of vasopressin. PMID- 7137359 TI - Catecholamine effects on intracellular sodium activity and tension in dog heart. AB - Because catecholamines have been reported to stimulate the sodium pump and Na+-K+ ATPase in skeletal and cardiac muscle, we examined the effects of isoproterenol (0.2-1.0 X 10(-6) M) and norepinephrine (2-4 X 10(-7) M) on intracellular sodium activity (aiNa) and twitch tension in dog Purkinje strands and ventricular muscles, aiNa was measured with Na+-sensitive microelectrodes. During the initial rapid increase in tension induced by catecholamines in Purkinje strands, no changes in aiNa were found. After 5-10 min aiNa decreased by about 2 mM, coincident with a small decline in twitch tension. When the catecholamine was removed, tension declined rapidly to a level less than control. Recovery of tension to its control level less than control. Recovery of tension to its control level occurred simultaneously with recovery of aiNa. Comparable changes in aiNa occurred in ventricular muscle, but the biphasic effect of catecholamines on tension was not seen. These results are consistent with sodium pump stimulation in cardiac muscle. In Purkinje strands the resulting changes in aiNa may alter the direct positive inotropic effect of catecholamines, probably by influencing Na+-Ca2+ exchange. PMID- 7137360 TI - Mechanisms of initial heart rate response to postural change. AB - We explored in 43 healthy subjects the afferent mechanisms of the initial heart rate response to standing by comparing free standing, 70 degrees head-up tilt, handgrip, and contraction of abdominal and leg muscles. The results indicate the following. 1) Standing evokes an immediate, large, bimodal increase of heart rate (HR) of about 20 s duration that far exceeds the gradual HR rise induced by 70 degrees head-up tilt. 2) The immediate HR increase with active standing is due to the exercise reflex and results in a first peak about 3 s after standing briskly. 3) The secondary, more gradual HR increase after 5 s of standing and the subsequent rapid decrease of HR between about 12 and 20 s corresponds through the baroreceptor reflex with a striking fall, recovery, and sometimes overshoot of arterial pressure. 4) The maximum HR increase found after about 12 s of standing is augmented and delayed after rest. 5) The time course of the initial HR response is not modified by physical training. We conclude that active and passive changes of posture result in fundamentally different cardiovascular effects for about 20 s and that "central command," muscle receptors, high pressure receptors, low-pressure receptors, and the plasma catecholamine level are probably all involved in the initial HR response to standing. PMID- 7137361 TI - Movement of necrotic wavefront after coronary artery occlusion in rabbit. AB - Movement of the necrotic wavefront after coronary artery occlusion (CAO) was defined in rabbits by comparing transient CAO (15, 30, or 60 min) and reperfusion to permanent CAO (n = 5-9/group). At 24 h after CAO the area of necrosis was determined by nitro-blue tetrazolium staining, and the transmural and circumferential extent of necrosis was evaluated at four levels from ligation to apex. Infarct size after permanent CAO for 24 h was 27 +/- 2 (SE) % of the left ventricle. Reperfusion at 60, 30, or 15 min after CAO reduced the infarct size to 24 +/- 3 (P = NS vs. 24 h), 14 +/- 2, and 8 +/- 1% (P less than 0.05 vs. 60 min), respectively. Reperfusion at 15 and 30 min after CAO decreased transmural extent by 49 and 38% (P less than 0.001 vs. 24 h), whereas the circumferential extent was reduced by only 10 and 12%, respectively (P = NS). After 60 min of CAO, reperfusion did not significantly reduce either transmural or circumferential necrosis. Thus early reperfusion reduced infarct size by converting potentially transmural infarcts into subendocardial infarcts but did not significantly reduce the lateral or circumferential extent of necrosis. PMID- 7137362 TI - Metabolic and mechanical effects using L- and D-carnitine in working swine hearts. AB - The purpose of the present studies was to contrast the differences in mechanical and metabolic functions between treatments of L- and D-carnitine as measured in intact, regionally ischemic swine hearts. Coronary flows were decreased in the anterior descending circulation (-53% delta) after an equilibration period of 30 min during which hearts in both treatment groups were supplemented with trace labeled [U14-C]palmitate. Nine hearts were selectively treated with L-carnitine (avg serum concentration 804 nmol/ml) and were compared with eight hearts treated with D-carnitine (same dosage schedule). No differences in fatty acid metabolism or regional shortening were observed between treatment groups in the heart muscle rendered moderate-to-severely ischemic. L-Carnitine did effect a significant reduction in fatty acid uptake and labeled CO2 production as compared with D carnitine in aerobic tissue. This resulted in a secondary improvement in global mechanical efficiency (expressed as a ratio of either left ventricular developed pressure or work/global oxygen consumption) in L-treated hearts. Higher levels of high-energy phosphate stores were also noted in both ischemic and aerobic tissue of L-treated hearts. Thus differences in fatty acid metabolism occurred in working swine hearts based on the structural specificity of carnitine treatment. L-Carnitine favorably modified oxygen consumption and global mechanical efficiency. PMID- 7137364 TI - Effect of serum and stirring on diffusive 125I-albumin and Evans blue dye uptake. AB - The diffusive in vitro uptake of homologous 125I-albumin (MA, nmol.cm-2) and Evans blue dye (EBD) (ME, nmol.cm-2) by the deendothelialized canine aorta from serum and from a simple albumin solution with and without EBD and with and without vigorous stirring was measured in 18 preparations. The results show that 1) MA and ME were significantly smaller from serum than from a simple albumin solution, 2) vigorous stirring of the liquid phase caused a slight decrease (approximately 5%) in MA and increase (approximately 9%) in ME, 3) MA was not influenced by the presence of EBD, and 4) at least 90% of the radioactivity in the tissue was free 125I-albumin with an electrophoretic mobility identical to its nonlabeled cohort molecules and albumin in the original reagent. These observations confirm the identity of the tissue radioactivity with the labeled protein in the reagent, show that less than 10% of the labeled protein is irreversibly bound in the tissue, indicate that significant concentration gradients do not occur in the reagent phase, and indicate that albumin appears to interact with other plasma components in the reagent phase. PMID- 7137363 TI - Myocardial blood flow and function with critical coronary stenosis in exercising dogs. AB - Critical stenosis of coronary arteries does not alter myocardial blood flow (MBF) at rest, but eliminates hyperemia and corresponds to a degree of arterial narrowing that expends subendocardial vasodilator reserve. Because subepicardial vasodilator reserve remains with critical stenosis at rest, we tested the significance of this reserve in six exercising dogs chronically instrumented to measure MBF (microspheres), regional function (systolic wall thickening with sonomicrometers), and coronary blood flow velocity (CBFV, pulsed Doppler). Critical stenosis produced with a hydraulic occluder limited CBFV and mean MBF to the resting level during treadmill exercise, but MBF was maldistributed. Subendocardial MBF decreased 50% (P less than 0.05) and subepicardial MBF increased 104% (P less than 0.01) compared with resting control conditions, suggesting that a transmural "steal" phenomenon had occurred, with augmented MBF in the subepicardial region at the expense of subendocardial MBF. Systolic wall thickening decreased markedly from 31.5 +/- 6.8 to 9.4 +/- 2.0% (P less than 0.01) during exercise, indicating that use of subepicardial vasodilator reserve with critical stenosis had little sustaining effect on regional contractile performance. Rather, subepicardial vasodilator reserve is potentially deleterious, inasmuch as a steal effect could contribute to reduced subendocardial perfusion, the primary determinant of systolic wall thickening. PMID- 7137365 TI - Effect of thyroxine treatment on exogenous myocardial lactate oxidation. AB - The effect of thyroxine treatment on myocardial lactate oxidation was examined by use of an isolated, working rat heart preparation. Thyroxine treatment, both acute and chronic, was associated with a decrease in lactate oxidation, when the heart was perfused with a physiological blend of substrates (free fatty acids, lactate, and glucose). This decrease in lactate oxidation was not caused by a generalized impairment in mitochondrial oxidation of acetyl coenzyme A (CoA), as oxygen consumption was normal and fatty acid oxidation was elevated in the treated animals. The block in lactate oxidation was localized to the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA, as indicated by the depressed oxidation of pyruvate and lactate. Thyroxine treatment was associated with a decrease in pyruvate dehydrogenase activity. The decrease in pyruvate dehydrogenase activity was reversible and was attributed to the enhanced myocardial oxidation of free fatty acids. PMID- 7137367 TI - Relationship of coronary flow and perfusion territory in dogs. AB - In this study the relationship between myocardial flow and perfusion territory at maximal vasodilation was examined for the left anterior descending (A), circumflex (C), right (R), and septal (S) coronary arteries. Average flows to A, C, R, and S were 31.2 +/- 1.5 (SE), 41.2 +/- 13.5 +/- 0.6, and 14.1 +/- 0.6% of total coronary flow. Strong correlations were found between weight and volume, weight and coronary flow, and weight and resistance of the perfusion territories of A, C, R, and S. However, coronary flow (milliliter per minute per gram) to the right ventricle was significantly lower than to the left ventricle. Examination of the distribution of perfusion territories from base to apex of the heart showed that the anterior descending territory increases from base to apex, whereas the right decreases from base to apex. Circumflex flow distribution is relatively uniform between these limits, and the septal artery is most pronounced at midlevel and tapers toward the apex and base. PMID- 7137368 TI - Atrioventricular nodal conduction during atrial fibrillation in rabbit heart. AB - Atrial fibrillation was induced in 15 superfused rabbit atrial-atrioventricular nodal preparations in which surface bipolar electrograms were recorded simultaneously from the crista terminalis, interatrial septum, and His bundle along with microelectrode action potentials from cells in the atrionodal (AN), nodal (N), and nodal-His (NH) regions of the atrioventricular node. Effective engagement of the atrioventricular node with propagation to the His bundle was critically dependent on the relative timing of activation at the crista terminalis and interatrial septal input regions of the atrioventricular node. Conduction through the AN and N regions appeared dependent on the relative timing of activation wave fronts emerging from the two input regions. Asynchronous engagement of AN and N regions resulted in both distortion of action potentials and concealed conduction, with delayed conduction and block to the NH region and His bundle. Successful engagement of the NH region always produced a 1:1 NH-to His bundle relationship. It is concluded that during atrial fibrillation 1) activation of the AN region occurs as a result of the variable interaction of inputs from the crista terminalis and interatrial septum; 2) predictably, effective synchronous engagement of the AN and consequently the N region is responsible for conduction to the NH and His bundle regions; 3) conversely, asynchronous activation inputs from the crista terminalis and interatrial septum result in fragmented, asynchronous as well as concealed conduction within the AN and N regions with block in the atrioventricular node and variable conduction to the His bundle. PMID- 7137369 TI - Right and left ventricular oxygen metabolism in open-chest dogs. AB - A comparison of blood flow and myocardial O2 consumption (MVO2) in the right and left ventricles was made in 21 open-chest dogs. Simultaneous measurements were made of left anterior descending (LAD) and right coronary arterial blood flow and of O2 saturation in the coronary sinus and in from one to four anterior cardiac veins. Blood flow was greater in the LAD than in the right coronary artery, 87 +/ 5 vs. 46 +/- 3 ml.min-1.100 g-1. Similarly, the O2 saturation was 51 +/- 3% in the anterior cardiac veins and 40 +/- 1% in the coronary sinus. In a subset of seven dogs, the O2 saturation in blood from anterior cardiac veins varied substantially from vein to vein. The mean MVO2 was greater for the left than for the right ventricle, 8.6 +/- 1.4 vs. 4.0 +/- 0.3 ml O2.min-1,100 g-1. Increases in LAD flow with no increase in O2 extraction accounted for enhanced MVO2 of the left ventricle due to pacing, isoproterenol, or methoxamine. In contrast, pacing, isoproterenol, or constriction of the pulmonary artery increased MVO2 of the right ventricle by both augmented O2 extraction and a rise in right coronary blood flow. We conclude that right coronary arterial blood flow is lower per 100 g tissue and is less dependent on MVO2 than is LAD blood flow. The heterogeneity of O2 saturation in anterior cardiac veins suggests that regional differences in MVO2 may exist. PMID- 7137370 TI - Different forms of spontaneous discharge induced by strophanthidin in cardiac Purkinje fibers. AB - The effect of strophanthidin on spontaneous discharge in canine cardiac Purkinje fibers perfused in vitro was studied during periodic interruptions (pauses) of the electrical drive. The results show that 1) strophanthidin initially increases the slope of diastolic depolarization and thereby induces a slow rhythm that accelerates progressively during the pause and becomes faster during the increasing strophanthidin inotropy; 2) oscillatory potentials appear only when strophanthidin inotropy reaches its peak (or actually declines) and may cause either a few fast action potentials during the pause or a fast rhythm that eventually overcomes the driven beats; 3) the slow rhythm is eliminated by cesium; 4) the fast rhythm is eliminated by tetrodotoxin; and 5) oscillatory potentials caused by high calcium, norepinephrine, or low potassium are similarly affected by cesium or tetrodotoxin. It is concluded that strophanthidin enhances diastolic depolarization, thereby causing the slow rhythm, and induces oscillatory potentials, thereby causing the fast rhythm. Only the oscillatory potentials are related to calcium overload as determined by several different procedures. PMID- 7137366 TI - Metabolism of norepinephrine in vitro by dog pulmonary arterial endothelium. AB - The importance of endothelial cells in the removal of norepinephrine from synaptic clefts in dog pulmonary artery was studied. Strips of artery cut helically were denuded of endothelium by gently stroking the intimal surface with a wooden applicator stick or were studied with endothelium intact. All strips were prelabeled in L-[3H]norepinephrine (2 X 10(-7) M) and mounted for superfusion. Superfusate was collected continuously before, during, and after electrical stimulation (10 V, 2 ms, 2 Hz). Measurements were made of the amounts of [3H]norepinephrine and its metabolites in superfusate and in tissue. These studies have established that 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol is of neuronal origin and O-methylated metabolites are of extraneuronal origin. The formation of extraneuronal metabolites in smooth muscle and endothelium was examined by either blocking uptake of norepinephrine into each, in turn, or by combining blockade of uptakes with the elimination of access of norepinephrine to endothelial tissue by completely removing it. Electrical stimulation elicited the overflow of large amounts of norepinephrine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol, and O-methylated metabolites into superfusate in strips with intact endothelium; in strips denuded of endothelium there were striking decreases in the amounts of O-methylated metabolites produced. These studies show that pulmonary arterial endothelium participates in the extraneuronal metabolism of norepinephrine released by sympathetic nerve stimulation. PMID- 7137371 TI - A programmable pressure control system for coronary flow studies. AB - An electrohydraulic servo valve capable of reproducing phasic physiological pressure and flow waveforms has been designed and constructed. The device has been utilized successfully in canine coronary flow studies. By measuring coronary pressure directly it is possible to reproduce waveform frequency components as high as 50 Hz in the cannulated left circumflex coronary artery when operated in a negative feedback configuration. It may easily be adapted to operate in a pressure- or flow-controlled mode in any vascular bed. The closed-loop frequency response of the servo valve itself is flat to 100 Hz with a natural frequency of 170 Hz. When utilized in the cannulated bed the frequency response is dependent on perfusion circuit and catheter dynamics. PMID- 7137373 TI - Baroreflex regulation of renal nerve activity during volume expansion. AB - Volume expansion could inhibit renal nerve activity by stimulating cardiopulmonary baroreflexes or by increasing arterial pressure (i.e., stimulating the sinoaortic baroreflexes). Our study assessed the relative roles of these two reflexes in the renal nerve activity responses to volume expansion (15 ml/kg 6% dextran in normal saline). With cardiopulmonary and arterial baroreflexes intact, volume expansion resulted in increases in arterial pressure and pulmonary artery wedge pressure and in decreases in renal nerve activity. After sinoaortic denervation, volume expansion resulted in similar decreases in renal nerve activity for similar increases in pulmonary artery wedge pressure. In contrast, after selective vagotomy (sinoaortic baroreflexes intact) volume expansion resulted in increases in arterial pressure and pulmonary artery wedge pressure, but reductions in renal nerve activity were markedly attenuated. After sinoaortic denervation and vagotomy, volume expansion did not result in significant changes in renal nerve activity. We conclude that decreases in renal nerve activity during volume expansion are mediated mainly by cardiopulmonary receptors with afferent vagal fibers. Sinoaortic baroreceptors appear to play a minor role in mediating these responses. PMID- 7137374 TI - Sensitization of vagal cardiopulmonary baroreflex by chronic digoxin. AB - It has been recently reported that intracoronary acetylstrophanthidin injection acutely sensitizes the cardiac baroreflex (vagal afferents). We wondered whether chronic administration of digoxin also augmented the gain of this reflex. We treated seven dogs with digoxin intravenously (40 micrograms/kg loading dose followed by 15 micrograms.kg-1.day-1) for 7 days; eight additional dogs received vehicle for 7 days. With the dogs under chloralose anesthesia, we assessed the changes in renal nerve activity that resulted from stimulation of cardiopulmonary receptors with volume expansion (15 ml/kg of 6% dextran in saline) in digoxin- and vehicle-treated groups under control conditions, after sinoaortic denervation (SAD), and after SAD plus vagotomy. Under control conditions volume expansion resulted in decreases of renal nerve activity of 13.5 +/- 3.5%/mmHg increase in pulmonary artery wedge pressure in digoxin-treated dogs. This tended to be greater than the response of sham-treated dogs (-9.5 +/- 1.5%/mmHg increase). After SAD, renal nerve activity decreased 19 +/- 5%/mmHg increase in pulmonary artery wedge pressure in the digoxin group compared with only 8 +/- 1%/mmHg increase in the vehicle group. These responses were significantly different. The plasma digoxin level in the digoxin-treated group was in the therapeutic range (1.9 +/- 0.4 ng/ml). Vagotomy abolished the responses to volume expansion in both groups. Thus chronic digoxin treatment resulting in therapeutic plasma levels of digoxin sensitizes vagal afferents mediating the cardiopulmonary baroreflex influence on renal nerve activity. PMID- 7137372 TI - Mechanisms for redistribution of plasma protein following acute protein depletion. AB - Acute plasma protein depletion is followed by a rapid and substantial replenishment of the protein deficit. We studied the effects of plasmapheresis on flow and composition of peripheral lymph in 11 unanesthetized sheep. Whole blood was replaced with red blood cells and lactated Ringer solution to reduce plasma protein concentration ([P]) 26-54%. At 24 h after plasmapheresis, [P] had returned halfway to base line. Lymph flow (L) increased immediately after plasma protein reduction, was maximal 3 h later, and remained elevated for more than 3 days. The increase in L was coupled with a decrease more than 3 days. The increase in L was coupled with a decrease in lymph-to-plasma protein concentration ratio ([L/P]). The plasma-to-lymph oncotic gradient was reestablished by 24 h due to the reduction in lymph protein and the partial return of [P]. After 24 h, L remained elevated despite base-line levels for all measured vascular pressures and plasma-to-lymph oncotic gradients. Although lymph flow was increased, the permeability-surface area product for protein was decreased below base line. The data confirm that the partial return of [P] in the first day after plasmapheresis is due largely to a shift of extravascular protein mass into the vascular compartment and show that redistribution is initiated by increased lymphatic return and maintained by a sustained increase in L and a decrease in protein permeability of the plasma-lymph barrier. PMID- 7137375 TI - beta-Adrenergic dilator effects in consecutive vascular sections of skeletal muscle. AB - Humoral and neurogenic beta-adrenergic dilatation that influenced the resistance function, the capillary exchange function, and to some extent the capacitance function was demonstrated in the vascular bed of cat skeletal muscle. The beta adrenergic effects were mainly confined to the microcirculation, causing dilatation of the precapillary sphincters and the resistance vessels of small calibre. The microcirculatory effects were pronounced in response to epinephrine, but blood-borne and nerve-released norepinephrine also evoked marked effects. The beta-adrenergic inhibition of vascular tone in the microcirculation may serve in the intact organism to improve tissue nutrition by facilitating capillary diffusion exchange. It further seems to regulate transcapillary hydrodynamic exchange, partly by controlling the precapillary sphincters and the capillary hydrostatic pressure. The blood-borne catecholamines, especially epinephrine, also markedly affected total regional vascular resistance and thereby blood flow by dilator interaction with the concomitant alpha-adrenergic vasoconstrictor response. PMID- 7137377 TI - Effect of synaptic blockade on thermosensitive neurons in hypothalamic tissue slices. AB - To understand the basis of hypothalamic neuronal thermosensitivity, single-unit activity was recorded in vitro, from constantly perfused tissue slices of rat preoptic area and anterior hypothalamus, PO/AH. The firing rate and thermosensitivity of individual PO/AH neurons was determined before, during, and after tissue perfusion with a synaptic blocking medium, containing elevated magnesium and decreased calcium concentrations. During synaptic blockade, thermosensitivity was retained in nearly all of the warm-sensitive neurons, and some temperature-insensitive neurons showed increased warm sensitivity. The thermosensitivity of all cold-sensitive neurons was lost during synaptic blockade. These results support the hypothesis that PO/AH cold-sensitive neurons depend on synapses from nearby warm-sensitive neurons for their temperature sensitivity; whereas warm sensitivity is an independent property of certain PO/AH neurons. PMID- 7137376 TI - Evaluation of reaction rate enhancement by reduction in dimensionality. AB - The paths followed by ligands as they react with or dissociate from cell surface receptors may include weak association with nonreceptor portions of the surface followed by lateral diffusion in the plane of the membrane to a receptor. The change in dimensionality of the diffusion process by utilization of these nonspecific paths has been invoked by a number of investigators as a mechanism for enhancing reaction rate in biological systems. This paper extends our previous work on the calculation of diffusive rate constants for ligand-receptor paths. We find that they have little effect on rate constants unless the number of free receptors per cell has been reduced to less than or equal to 10(2). This number represents better than 90% occupancy for most eukaryotes, suggesting that the dimensional change mechanism is of limited consequence. We show further that when the free receptor number is low enough for rate enhancement, then the primary parameter of consequence is D'K*/D, where D' and D are the two- and three dimensional diffusion coefficients, respectively, and K* the nonspecific affinity. A 10-fold rate enhancement with 100 free receptors requires that this parameter be of order 10(-3). This value is barely within the lower limit imposed by currently available experimental information, casting doubt on the relevance of nonspecific paths in cellular systems. PMID- 7137378 TI - Oral antidiuretic therapy: studies in the diabetes insipidus rat. AB - In hypothalamic diabetes insipidus, water balance is achieved primarily through the thirst mechanism. The administration of an antidiuretic agent in the drinking water should restore the antidiuretic response to volume and osmoregulatory drive. To test this hypothesis, homozygous Brattleboro strain rats were given arginine vasopressin (AVP) or 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (dDAVP) in the drinking water in concentrations of 10-10,000 micrograms/l (AVP) and 5-10,000 micrograms/l (dDAVP). Oral AVP was found to be ineffective. Oral dDAVP resulted in 1) a progressive increase in dDAVP dose, from 2.3 to 2,559 micrograms.day-1.kg 1; 2) a dose-dependent increase in urine osmolality from 306 to 1,796 mosmol/kg; and 3) a dose-dependent decrease in urinary solute excretion. At each dDAVP dose level, stable physiological states were achieved within 24 h. Similar antidiuretic states were achieved when dDAVP was administered in increasing doses or when therapy was initiated at a high dose. These findings demonstrate that inclusion of an appropriate antidiuretic agent in the drinking water can restore the renal response to volume-osmoregulatory drive. PMID- 7137379 TI - Baroreceptor reflex gain is not diminished in spontaneous hypertension. AB - The magnitudes of both spontaneous and hypothalamically evoked sympathetic nerve activity are greater in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) than in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Because the baroreceptor reflex influences the magnitude and time course of the sympathetic response to hypothalamic stimulation, we evaluated the role of the baroreceptor reflex in this sympathetic hyperresponsiveness. Changes in spontaneous nerve activity following comparable shifts in mean blood pressure (static reflex gain) were not different between the two strains. The effect of alterations in prestimulation blood pressure on the size of the evoked sympathetic response (response gain) was greater in SHR. Baroreceptor reflex inhibition resulting from the evoked blood pressure rise during hypothalamic stimulation (dynamic gain) was also greater in SHR. Expressing response magnitudes and gains as a percent of the spontaneous activity eliminated these strain differences. Interruption of the baroreceptor reflex resulted in equivalent percent increases in spontaneous and evoked activity in the two strains. Postdenervation levels of spontaneous and evoked nerve activity were greater in SHR. The results show that sympathetic hyperreactivity in SHR is not due to deficient baroreceptor reflex function. PMID- 7137380 TI - Sympathetic activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats after spinal transection. AB - To test the hypothesis that sympathetic hyperactivity and hyperexcitability in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) is generated at spinal and/or ganglionic levels, we measured integrated renal nerve activity (before ganglionic blockade) and adrenal nerve activity (after ganglionic blockade) in 12- to 14-wk-old SHR and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Rats were anesthetized with alpha chloralose, artificially respired, and paralyzed. Spinal cords were transected at C1 to eliminate normal supraspinal control of sympathetic activity. The effectiveness of descending sympathoexcitatory and sympathoinhibitory pathways was tested by measuring changes in nerve activity elicited by graded spinal stimulation. Spontaneous renal nerve activity was elevated in SHR, but stimulation of descending excitatory pathways caused similar responses in SHR and WKY. Spontaneous adrenal preganglionic nerve activity was similar in SHR and WKY, but excitatory stimulation elicited larger adrenal nerve responses in SHR. We conclude that spinal and/or ganglionic mechanisms may generate a component of the sympathetic hyperactivity exhibited by SHR. The larger adrenal preganglionic nerve responses to excitatory stimulation in SHR suggest that spinal systems may be partially responsible for adrenomedullary hyperexcitability in spontaneous hypertension. PMID- 7137382 TI - Plasma catecholamines during hypoxemia in fetal lamb. AB - Changes in peripheral plasma catecholamines were studied during varying degrees of hypoxemia in fetal lambs of 95-140 days gestation. Epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations were measured by radioenzymatic assay in plasma obtained simultaneously from the distal aorta and inferior vena cava in 15 chronically catheterized fetuses with the mother breathing 20, 10, or 8% oxygen mixtures. Levels of both epinephrine and norepinephrine increased significantly after 5 min of hypoxemia and showed a strong inverse exponential correlation with PO2 (P less than 0.001). Plasma norepinephrine always exceeded epinephrine concentrations (P less than 0.01). Resting arterial and venous catecholamine levels were not different, but during hypoxemia arterial levels of both epinephrine and norepinephrine exceeded venous levels significantly, suggesting the adrenal medulla as a major source of these substances. Hypoxemia led to fetal bradycardia, the degree of which moderated somewhat with extremely low oxygen tensions and associated very high catecholamine levels. Fetal blood pressure increased initially in proportion to norepinephrine levels but reached a plateau at concentrations higher than 10 ng/ml. Although concentrations of catecholamines were lower in the earlier gestation fetuses studied, similar qualitative relations between catecholamines and PO2 were evident at all gestational ages. PMID- 7137381 TI - Effects of DDAVP and AVP on sodium and water balance in conscious rat. AB - Many aspects of the physiological adaptation to chronic vasopressin and hypotonic fluid administration remain unclear. We therefore infused vasopressin [either 1 desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) at 0.112 ng/h or arginine vasopressin (AVP) at 2.4 mU/h] and hypotonic fluid (0.22% NaCl at 3.1 ml/h) into conscious unrestrained rats for 4-6 days. To determine if a decrease in the hydrosmotic effect of vasopressin occurred, urinary osmolality, flow rate, and free water reabsorption were measured sequentially in vasopressin-treated and control animals (receiving 0.22% NaCl alone). Progressive increases in urine flow and decreases in urine osmolality and free water reabsorption occurred in vasopressin treated animals. This decreased hydrosmotic effect was noted with both DDAVP and AVP and could be dissociated from hormonal degradation and urinary prostaglandin E2 excretion. Sodium and water balance were measured to assess the determinants of the hypotonic state following chronic vasopressin and hypotonic fluid. In DDAVP-treated animals, sodium balance remained constant and hyponatremia resulted from water retention alone. In AVP-treated animals, a greater degree of hyponatremia was observed and resulted from combined positive water balance and negative sodium balance. The difference in sodium balance observed when DDAVP- and AVP-treated animals were compared could not be attributed to differences in either magnitude of water retention or filtered load of sodium. PMID- 7137383 TI - Effects of aldosterone on potassium distribution. AB - To assess the effects of long-term changes in aldosterone on potassium distribution within the body, two groups of experiments were conducted. In the first, seven normal dogs received continuous infusion of aldosterone at a high physiological rate, 250 micrograms/day. Total exchangeable potassium (Ke) and plasma potassium concentration (KP) were measured before and 4 and 6 days after aldosterone infusion. KP fell by 20% while Ke decreased by 8% after 6 days of infusion; the ratio between extracellular and total body potassium had been altered by the aldosterone infusion. In the second study, 10 adrenalectomized dogs received aldosterone infusion first at 50 micrograms/day, then at 250 micrograms/day. While on each level of aldosterone infusion, three levels of potassium intake were given by iv infusion. When the animals were in electrolyte balance at each level of aldosterone and potassium (after at least 7 days on each level of infusion), Ke (expressed as meq/kg) and KP were measured. The two variables were plotted against each other, Ke being the independent variable. Data taken while the dogs received 50 micrograms/day aldosterone were described by the equation, KP = 0.100Ke + 0.055, while those obtained at 250 micrograms/day were fitted by the equation, KP = 0.057Ke + 1.30. The correlation coefficients for the two were 0.778 and 0.760, respectively. The regressions were significantly different at a level of P less than 0.02. Data from the two groups of experiments are consistent with the hypothesis that aldosterone alters the distribution of potassium between the intra- and extracellular spaces, a greater portion of total potassium being intracellular at higher levels of aldosterone. PMID- 7137384 TI - Kinetics of specific food intake and weight gain in rat. AB - We report the expanded application of a recently developed time-invariant analytic function that relates food intake, growth (weight gain), and dietary nutrient concentration in the laboratory rat. Data from seven experiments were utilized, providing analysis of three stages of rat (Sprague-Dawley) growth (weanling, adult, and pregnant) and a variety of nutrients: casein, lactalbumin, amino acid mix, thiamin, and pyridoxine. For each experiment the rats were fed graded levels of a nutrient, ranging from 0% to a percentage well above the recommended amount, in an otherwise nutritionally adequate diet. Weight-specific weight gains and food intakes were calculated for each dietary group and fitted to the Gompertz equation. The resulting rate constants for each group were identical for weight gain and food intake. The rate constants were then fitted as functions of dietary nutrient concentration by the four-parameter mathematical model for physiological responses. Kinetic rate constants could be characterized as functions of the dietary concentration of each nutrient tested. This approach offers new possibilities for the determination and optimization of dietary requirements. With this approach, one may characterize food intake and growth in a single rate constant, which varies as a function of dietary nutrient concentration. PMID- 7137385 TI - Role of central and peripheral chemoreceptors in diving responses of ducks. AB - Using techniques of vascular isolation and subsequent perfusion we have investigated the effects of altering blood gas tensions, in the cerebral and carotid body circulations, on some cardiovascular responses to diving in unanesthetized ducks. After denervating the right carotid body, perfusion of the innervated left carotid body with hyperoxic blood significantly reduced diving bradycardia and reduced the increase in hindlimb vascular resistance (HLVR) in 1 min dives compared with dives in which the innervated carotid body was autoperfused. Denervation of systemic arterial baroreceptors reduced the fall in heart rate (HR) and increased the rise in HLVR in all dives. Cross-perfusion of the head, from a donor with blood of normal blood gas tensions, did not significantly affect HR or HLVR in 2-min dives compared with dives in which the head was autoperfused. however, cross-perfusing the cerebral circulation with blood of elevated PaCO2 caused significantly greater increases in HLVR than when high PaCO2 only affected the peripheral circulation. We conclude that peripheral chemoreceptors cause virtually all the bradycardia in the later stages of a dive but only about one-half the increase in HLVR, a significant contribution comes from the stimulation of central chemoreceptors with blood of high PaCO2. PMID- 7137386 TI - Circannual body weight rhythms of ground squirrels: role of gonadal hormones. AB - The influence of ovarian and testicular hormones on circannual body weight cycles was assessed in golden-mantled ground squirrels (Spermophilus lateralis), maintained in a LD 14:10 photoperiod at 23 degrees C. Animals were gonadectomized or sham operated at 47 days of age and implanted with empty capsules or capsules filled with estradiol benzoate (EB) or testosterone propionate (TP). Body weight, food intake, and reproductive condition were recorded at weekly intervals. Gonadectomized and intact squirrels of both sexes manifested robust circannual rhythms of body weight; cyclic secretion of gonadal hormones was not necessary for the expression of this circannual cycle. Intact and gonadectomized males weighed substantially more than their female counterparts but only during part of the annual cycle. This sex difference waxed and waned on a circannual basis in the absence of concurrent gonadal hormone secretions. EB phase-delayed attainment of peak body weights in ovariectomized squirrels but did not affect timing of trough body weights. EB increased the amount of food consumed by ovariectomized squirrels particularly during the weight gain phase. TP accelerated attainment of trough body weights in orchidectomized animals. Gonadal hormones modify the magnitude and timing of body weight peaks and troughs but are not necessary for the generation or expression of the circannual body weight cycle or for the sex difference in this cycle. PMID- 7137387 TI - Choriodecidual adhesion promotes decidual prolactin transport by human fetal membrane. AB - The theory of human decidualized endometrium to produce prolactin (PRL) throughout gestation has led to the implication that such production is related to the source of amniotic fluid PRL (afPRL). This study confirms that fetal membranes, amnion and amniochorion with or without adherent decidua, are unable to transfer significant quantities of exogenously administered PRL from the maternal to fetal compartments in vitro. Incubation of amniochorion with decidua adherent to chorion results in a significant increase in the amount of endogenous PRL appearing on the fetal side of the membrane concomitant with a rise in decidual PRL on the maternal side. The results suggest that transport of decidual PRL to amniotic fluid is predicated on retention of the cellular adhesion between maternal decidua and fetal chorion as exists in vivo. Disruption of decidual contact with fetal membrane results in failure of PRL transport to the fetal side despite a steady accumulation of PRL on the maternal side. We conclude that human fetal membranes are highly permeable to decidual PRL in vivo, and that decidua probably represents the major source of afPRL. PMID- 7137389 TI - The prevalence and ramifications of psychopathology in psychiatric residents: an overview. AB - Although estimates of psychopathology in psychiatric residents vary from 4% to 22%, at either end of the spectrum emotional disturbance is a significant problem that merits greater attention. The prevalence of psychopathology may be seriously underestimated when obtained from residency program directors, who may be aware of only the most blatant cases. On the other hand, figures that rely on self report of the subjective impressions of faculty may be spuriously inflated by transient manifestations of stress commonly experienced during residency training in psychiatry. The author makes recommendations for improved screening of candidates and greater commitment by training programs to recognizing and meeting the emotional needs of psychiatric residents. PMID- 7137390 TI - The working family: a researcher's view of health in the household. AB - The author characterizes the underlying assumptions, convictions, and beliefs that each family holds about its environment as the family paradigm, citing the evidence for the family paradigm gleaned from the laboratory study of how families solve problems. He suggests that a family's health depends on the conservation of its paradigm; pattern regulators and ceremonials are two types of family routine that conserve the paradigm. When the paradigm is threatened with collapse, three stages can be delineated: the emergence of rules, the explicit family, and rebellion and action. Each last stage can propel the family toward dissolution or self-healing. PMID- 7137391 TI - Reductions in insurance for mental disorders: adverse selection, moral hazard, and consumer demand. AB - Coverage for mental illness has been sharply reduced in the Federal Employees Health Benefits Program (FEHBP), especially in the largest of the participating plans, the Blue Cross and Blue Shield plan. The authors examine the role of adverse selection (accumulation of high-risk consumers within a given plan), moral hazard (demand for services for illness depending in part on the price of the services), and lack of overt consumer demand in the current trend. They point out the critical need for psychiatry to develop more effective approaches to public education on the nature of mental illness and its treatment. If the recent major cutbacks in the FEHBP prevail, this kind of restriction is likely to become the prevailing mode of mental illness coverage under private health insurance. PMID- 7137388 TI - Critical thermal maxima: correction of equation. PMID- 7137392 TI - Prevalence of affective disorder in a sample of young men. AB - To evaluate the prevalence of depression among young men and the relationship between affective disturbances and drug- or alcohol-use patterns, the author mailed a questionnaire to male students and nonacademic staff, aged 21-25 years, at the University of California, San Diego. Of the 964 men responding, 173 (18%) reported a history of depression, including 69 (7%) whose depressions were serious enough to result in a major life upset. The 318 respondents with some alcohol- or drug- related life impairment (33%) were unevenly distributed among the three depressive history groups, with 44% to 48% of those with depressions also reporting substance problems while the same was true for only 30% of the depression-free men. The author advises clinicians to consider the possibility that a depressive disturbance in young populations may occur in relation to substance intake. PMID- 7137393 TI - A conjoint psychiatry-internal medicine program: development of a teaching and clinical model. AB - At a time when psychiatry's repertoire of successful treatment strategies is burgeoning and the public is seeking primary medical care with greater emphasis on humanistic issues, psychiatry has been paradoxically losing status and trainees, partly because it has failed to make its expertise integratable by nonpsychiatric physicians. In response to the educational and patient care deficiencies that result, two universities developed a teaching and clinical program that leads to partial integration of their departments of psychiatry and internal medicine. This collaborative approach includes a conjoint internal medicine-behavioral medicine inpatient unit and a residency program leading to Board eligibility in both specialties. PMID- 7137395 TI - Family or individual therapy: the ethics of modality choice. AB - The authors examine the ethical issues in choosing between individual and social unit (marital and family) therapies. Although usually neglected in the literature, these ethical questions are important and complex. A general systems perspective is used to provide a framework for ethical analysis. The core of the ethical problem is shown to be the interdependence and irreducible conflict inherent between the individual and social unit levels. The authors outline a general systems approach to identification and consideration of these ethical issues in clinical practice. PMID- 7137394 TI - Training psychotherapists to participate in psychotherapy outcome studies. AB - The authors describe the issues involved in training experienced psychotherapists to participate in outcome studies. Potential areas of conflict among research goals, clinical goals, and therapists' expectations include the restrictions imposed by the research protocol, the therapists' feelings about being evaluated, and the restrictions of a defined psychotherapy. A training program that addresses these issues and an appropriate administrative structure can reduce these conflicts. PMID- 7137397 TI - Dexamethasone suppression test and cortisol circadian rhythm in primary degenerative dementia. AB - Before the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) can be accepted as a valid diagnostic tool for differentiating depression from dementia, it must be demonstrated that dementing illnesses per se are not associated with a positive DST. The authors studied cortisol circadian rhythm and the overnight DST in 15 nondepressed patients with advanced primary degenerative dementia and 15 normal control subjects. Seven dementia patients and no control patients were DST positive. The DST-positive dementia patients had a blunted predexamethasone circadian cortisol rhythm. These results cast doubt on the utility of the DST in diagnosing depression that complicates advanced primary degenerative dementia. PMID- 7137398 TI - High alcoholism rate in patients with essential tremor. AB - The authors reviewed the charts of 36 patients discharged from a VA medical center with a diagnosis of essential tremor over a 10-year period for evidence of alcohol dependency or abuse and for family history of alcoholism and other psychiatric disorders. A sex- and age-matched sample of patients admitted during the same period for herniorrhaphy was used as a control group. Patients with essential tremor had a significantly higher frequency of alcohol dependence and abuse than control subjects and also had a much higher rate of positive first degree family history of alcoholism. The authors suggest that essential tremor is an important cause of secondary alcoholism. PMID- 7137396 TI - Intensive treatment with haloperidol of treatment-resistant chronic schizophrenic patients. AB - The authors treated 11 treatment-resistant schizophrenic patients with steadily increasing doses of haloperidol to determine the therapeutic range of plasma concentrations in such patients. Six patients responded, usually within a few weeks of treatment and at doses of 50 mg/day or less; plasma concentrations ranged between 17 and 42 ng/ml. Five patients were unresponsive, despite treatment for 13-22 weeks, doses of haloperidol of 180-270 mg/day, and plasma concentrations of 51-225 ng/ml. Doses greater than 150 mg/day appear unnecessary, because lesser doses generally provide plasma concentrations of 20-50 ng/ml. Failure to respond within 2 months of reaching such doses or plasma concentrations augurs for continued lack of response. PMID- 7137400 TI - Effect of denial on cardiac health and psychological assessment. AB - To determine how denial of illness affects the relationship between self-reported psychological state and cardiac status, the authors studied 204 men with heart disease. Differing degrees of denial masked the relationship between multiple vessel coronary disease and tension, depression, or fatigue. At 1-year follow-up, denial confused the relationship between fatigue and cardiac state. Denial may augment or diminish risk; patients with high denial who did not complain of depression or tension had a higher risk for coronary disease, and patients with low denial who complained of fatigue had more morbidity at follow-up. Because of its variable effects on illness and its role in confusing the relationship between psychological state and disease, denial must be evaluated carefully. PMID- 7137399 TI - Middle ear muscle activity during REM sleep in schizophrenic, schizoaffective and depressed patients. AB - The authors measured the middle ear muscle activity during REM sleep of normal subjects (N = 13) and patients with schizophrenia (N = 11), schizoaffective disorder (N = 8), or major depressive disorder (N = 10). The rates of middle ear muscle activity for 5 schizophrenic patients were higher than the highest rates of the other groups. The patients with major depressive disorder had normal rates, and the rates of those with schizoaffective disorder were below normal. Within the schizophrenic patients, high middle ear muscle activity could not be directly attributed to background sleep disturbances, age, anxiety, depression, or diagnostic subtype. PMID- 7137401 TI - Factitious psychosis: phenomenology, family history, and long-term outcome of nine patients. AB - Factitious psychological symptoms are defined in DSM-III as symptoms that are under the patient's voluntary control. Using specific criteria for the presence of voluntary control, the authors identified a cohort of 9 patients with factitious psychotic symptoms from among 219 patients consecutively admitted to a research ward for psychotic disorders. The phenomenology and family history of the patients suggested that they were a homogeneous group. All had similar DSM III personality disorders, and most had a remarkably poor long-term outcome. PMID- 7137402 TI - The effect of marital status on stress in medical school. AB - Two competing explanations have been offered to explain why the unmarried experience greater stress--the protection/support hypothesis (emotional support from a spouse offsets daily tensions) and the selection hypothesis (the more emotionally mature individual marries). To assess these hypotheses, the authors compared the difference in stress levels between 61 married and unmarried students during the stressful years of medical school. Stress was measured each year by attrition rates, self-reports, and interviews with spouses. The stressors of medical school were more severe for the single students; moveover, stress levels of formerly single students declined after marriage. The authors believe these results affirm the protection/support hypothesis. PMID- 7137403 TI - Pornographic imagery and prevalence of paraphilia. AB - The authors classified 1,760 heterosexual pornographic magazines according to the imagery of the cover photographs. Covers depicting only a woman posed alone predominated in 1970 but constituted only 10.7% of the covers in 1981. Bondage and domination imagery was the most prevalent nonormative imagery and was featured in 17.2% of the magazines. Smaller proportions of material were devoted to group sexual activity (9.8%), tranvestism and transsexualism (4.4%), and other nonnormative imagery. The authors suggest that pornographic imagery is an unobtrusive measure of the relative prevalence of those paraphilias associated with preferences for specific types of visual imagery and for which better data are lacking. PMID- 7137404 TI - Bright artificial light treatment of a manic-depressive patient with a seasonal mood cycle. PMID- 7137406 TI - Adverse reactions suggesting amoxapine-induced dopamine blockade. PMID- 7137405 TI - L-Tryptophan in the maintenance treatment of bipolar II manic-depressive illness. PMID- 7137408 TI - Use of the microphage migration inhibition factor test to determine the cause of delayed hypersensitivity reaction to haloperidol syrup. PMID- 7137407 TI - Abnormal dexamethasone suppression test results in chronic schizophrenic patients. PMID- 7137409 TI - Hysteroid dysphoria. PMID- 7137410 TI - Combining treatments for depression. PMID- 7137411 TI - Comments on dexamethasone suppression test results. PMID- 7137412 TI - Lead levels and confounding variables. PMID- 7137414 TI - Misdiagnosis of affective disorders in adolescents. PMID- 7137413 TI - Retroperitoneal fibrosis and haloperidol. PMID- 7137416 TI - Late-onset schizophrenia. PMID- 7137415 TI - Suicide and homicide in U.S. prisons. PMID- 7137417 TI - Conscious attentional demands of encoding and retrieval from long-term memory. AB - The importance of allocating conscious attention to encoding and retrieval from long-term memory was investigated. Encoding, retrieval, and reactivation hypotheses were tested. College students were shown schematic faces in a secondary task and numerical problems as a primary task. The primary task was imposed both when the faces were encoded on study trials and when they were retrieved on recognition test trials. Difficulty of the primary task (easy vs. hard) was varied on both study and test trials. The easy problems permitted conscious attention to be given to the secondary faces whereas the hard problems prevented such allocation. Instructions about encoding the faces (incidental vs. intentional) were given to different groups. The degree of conscious attention that was allocated to the faces on study trials was assessed by means of interference, intention, and retrospection criteria of attended processing. Recognition of the faces was better when subjects allocated conscious attention to encoding than when they did not, in consistent support of the encoding hypothesis. The data ruled out a reactivation explanation. Finally, at times, paying special attention at retrieval improved recognition performance, providing weak support for the retrieval hypothesis. PMID- 7137418 TI - Developmental trends in the phonemic organization of individual words. AB - Research with adults indicates that the visual-phonemic representation linked to individual words has a characteristic organization. This structure conforms to a serial pattern, with word beginnings functionally more important than word endings, which, in turn, are functionally more important than word middles. The present experiments were designed to identify possible developmental trends in this organization. The results of two experiments indicated that the adult pattern is apparent for nonreading first graders, but only if the words being learned are monosyllabic. Going grade by grade, the typical adult pattern for bisyllabic words did not emerge clearly until the fifth grade. These findings suggest that the serial organization for individual words is established before children learn to read, and that the pattern emerges for more complex words when they become integrated into more holistic units. PMID- 7137419 TI - Rod persistence on a partial-report task with scotopic and photopic backgrounds. AB - Two experiments were undertaken to demonstrate the participation of the rod system under certain stimulus conditions on the partial-report task of iconic memory. In Experiment 1, scotopically matched letter arrays of differing wavelength produced equivalent partial-report superiority but only if relatively large letters and a long cue delay were employed. In Experiment 2, variable photopic backgrounds were employed in contrast to the constant dark background used in the first experiment. For constant luminance targets, photopically matched red and blue-green backgrounds of 5 ftL (15.9 cd/m2) did not produce equivalent partial-report performance. Partial-report superiority was evident at much longer cue delays with the red background. This was attributed to the minimal stimulation of the rod system by this long wavelength background. However, if an intense adaptation field that saturated the rod system were interposed between stimulus trials, the photopically matched backgrounds then produced equivalent partial-report performance at all cue delays. PMID- 7137420 TI - Influence of chroma on spatial balance of complementary hues. AB - In 1905, Munsell proposed that if the relative areas of two colors are adjusted so that they mix to produce a neutral gray on a spinning Maxwell disk, these colors should appear balanced when juxtaposed with the same relative areas in a composition. This law of "inverse ratios of area" indicates that hues of low chroma should require larger relative areas to balance complementary hues of higher chroma. Several experiments have compared colors of varying chroma in terms of apparent weight, but none have assessed the validity of Munsell's law directly. A group of artists and a group of nonartists with no prior training in the use of color adjusted a panel until the relative areas of two complementary colors appeared balanced. Within-subject correlations between actual settings and theoretical predictions were predominantly high and positive. This was especially true of subjects with formal color training. PMID- 7137421 TI - Values, interests, and psychotherapy. PMID- 7137422 TI - Observations on changing relationships for older married women. AB - Among the social and demographic changes of the twentieth century, the spectacular increase in longevity has had a profound impact on the marriages of older people, and particularly on the experiences and responsibilities of women. The later decades of marriage, like the earlier ones, are marked by life events which result in specific developmental tasks. Although there is individual variation in the ages at which these events occur, a typical pattern is that in their fifties a couple enters the postparental years of marriage; in their sixties they anticipate and deal with retirement; and in their seventies they are likely to be faced with the prospect of separation through the death of one of them. Because of the difference in life expectancy, it is generally the women who must contend with widowhood and build a new postmarital lifestyle. Each decade is also characterized by one or more triads: husband, wife, and married child(ren); husband, wife, and aging parents; and elderly widow, son or daughter, and his/her family. The elderly widow looks to her children--particularly her daughters--for the emotional and practical support she once provided, while the children become sandwiched between the needs of their own children and those of the aged parent. The later decades of marriage thus demonstrate a further permutation and combination of the triads that characterize human development throughout the life cycle--the engagement, disengagement, and reengagement of children and parents. PMID- 7137423 TI - On puritanical character. PMID- 7137424 TI - Sandy's confrontation with her three selves. PMID- 7137425 TI - Three examples of countertransference in Freund's Dora case. PMID- 7137426 TI - The mother and invention: the meaning of a boy's modern story. PMID- 7137427 TI - Equality and genitality. PMID- 7137428 TI - Maternal PKU: control of an emerging problem. PMID- 7137429 TI - Health implications of organics in groundwater. PMID- 7137430 TI - Uses of ecologic analysis in epidemiologic research. AB - Despite the widespread use of ecologic analysis in epidemiologic research and health planning, little attention has been given by health scientists and practitioners to the methodological aspects of this approach. This paper reviews the major types of ecologic study designs, the analytic methods appropriate for each, the limitations of ecologic data for making causal inferences and what can be done to minimize these problems, and the relative advantages of ecologic analysis. Numerous examples are provided to illustrate the important principles and methods. A careful distinction is made between ecologic studies that generate or test etiologic hypotheses and those that evaluate the impact of intervention programs or policies (given adequate knowledge of disease etiology). Failure to recognize this difference in the conduct of ecologic studies can lead to results that are not very informative or that are misinterpreted by others. PMID- 7137432 TI - Child abuse in Georgia: a method to evaluate risk factors and reporting bias. AB - From July 1975 through December 1979, the Georgia Department of Protective Services Central Registry recorded population-based data on confirmed, non confirmable, and ruled-out child abuse reports. We propose that reporting biases are reflected in the differential characteristics of confirmed and ruled-out reports of child abuse. Characteristics, households, or groups equally or more prevalent in the latter category cannot necessarily be considered associated with increased risk of child abuse, even if they are represented in the confirmed abuse population more than in the general public. Important examples of factors or categories for which an association was suggested in other studies but which are not supported by this analysis are: urban residence, teenage motherhood, infancy, and mothers and other female perpetrators. These are conditions or categories associated with greater surveillance; therefore, risk assessment is not possible using the data in this registry. Certain households do appear to be at increased risk for child abuse. These include large families, families without a biological mother or biological father, and families ever needing Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC). This increased risk, however, is slight. Improved surveillance requires identification of reporting biases. A comparison of confirmed and ruled-out reports is an inexpensive and system-specific step toward achieving this aim. PMID- 7137433 TI - The surgical role of family physicians. AB - A sample of Board-certified family physicians was surveyed regarding their role in providing operative surgical care. Twenty-one per cent reported operating and 40 per cent assisting at surgery. The percentage operating was 10 per cent in the East and 29 per cent in the West, while assisting was 22 per cent in the East and 57 per cent in the West. The frequency with which family doctors functioned as surgical operators was found to be inversely related to the perceived number of surgeons practicing in the local community, ranging from 16 per cent in communities where respondents perceived many surgeons to 56 per cent in communities with no surgeons. An interaction effect between geography and the relative number of surgeons in the local community appeared to influence whether the family physician functioned as operator or assistant. There was no independent relationship between community population size and operating by family physicians. The study suggests that the surgical role of the family physician develops in response to his local practice setting, and that the role cannot be defined from data averaged on a national scale. PMID- 7137431 TI - A survey to evaluate parental consent as public policy for neonatal screening. AB - Most states currently have laws which result in compulsory neonatal screening practices, despite a widespread consensus that participation in genetic services and programs should be voluntary. In 1976, Maryland adopted a regulation designed to respect parents' rights to refuse neonatal screening by imposing a parental consent requirement. The results of a study designed to evaluate the effects of this regulation are reviewed here. Many health care providers were unaware of the parental consent regulation. However, hospitals were generally in compliance with the technical stipulations of the regulations. There was little evidence that the regulation resulted in additional costs to the health care system, either in terms of hospital staff time or in terms of loss of efficiency in the number of infants screened. Mothers affected by the regulation were largely in favor of being informed about neonatal screening and learned a significant amount of new information from the disclosure process. They were almost evenly divided on whether they favored parental consent. PMID- 7137435 TI - Rural health care delivery amidst federal retrenchment: lessons from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's Rural Practice Project. AB - This paper examines the experience of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's Rural Practice Project (RPP), a major non-governmental effort in the last decade concentrating on the direct delivery of rural health services. The nine RPP sites started prior to 1977 showed a slow but steady increase in their utilization levels and improvement in their financial status during their initial operational years. The tempo of their development was remarkably similar to that of federally sponsored practices in underserved rural areas. After four years of operation, all of the practices had completed their period of grant support; the practices survived in all cases, with almost all of the practices still retaining community sponsorship, salaried physicians, and a commitment to comprehensive care. Practices in sparsely populated rural areas and in areas with fewer hospital beds grew more slowly than those set in rural areas with higher population density and more ancillary resources. We conclude that the use of time-limited initial subsidies is an effective strategy in starting new rural practices in underserved areas and that those practices have a good chance of surviving their start-up phase. PMID- 7137434 TI - Bats in the belfry: an outbreak of histoplasmosis. AB - The belfry and attic of a 100-year-old school building located in central Illinois were infested with a colony of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus). During the week of April 14, 1980, four workers disturbed the piles of bat droppings in the attic, causing dust to become airborne. Seven to 10 days later, all four workers developed symptoms and chest x-ray findings compatible with acute pulmonary histoplasmosis. Their sera had complement fixation (CF) titers of greater than or equal to 1:32 with fungal antigens and showed M and/or H bands by immunodiffusion tests. An additional 73 persons who had visited the building were also studied, leading to the finding of 16 additional cases of acute pulmonary histoplasmosis, identified on the basis of positive serologies and compatible symptoms. H. capsulatum was isolated from the sputum of one patient and from the soil beneath the hole in the building's eaves where the bats had been entering the attic. Cases were associated with exposure to the attic and with total hours of building exposure when compared with controls. The epidemic curve suggests that sporadic exposures occurred during the spring of 1980, with an epidemic occurring after the bat droppings were disturbed by the four workers. PMID- 7137436 TI - Prevention of mental retardation in offspring of hyperphenylalaninemic mothers. AB - Maternal hyperphenylalaninemia constitutes a potential hazard to the fetus for whom the risks of postnatal mental retardation, microcephaly, and congenital malformations are elevated. Preconception and intragestational dietary treatment can apparently improve the outcome of such pregnancies. In the absence of predictive mechanisms for pregnancies at risk and preventive measures involving reproductive counseling and treatment, there could be a rebound in the population frequency of mental retardation related to disorders of phenylalanine metabolism in subsequent generations. We describe a program serving a population of six million that includes screening, diagnosis, treatment, and counseling of the hyperphenylalaninemias. The program has recently added a simple dedicated register for males and females with hyperphenylalaninemia to supplement traditional methods for continuous surveillance of probands. We registered 153 patients: 43 females and 56 males with phenylketonuria, 23 females and 31 males with benign hyperphenylalaninemia, of which 22, 7, 27 and 5, respectively, had reached their 12th birthday in an 1981. Regional centers in the program provided counseling about the consequences of maternal hyperphenylalaninemia and the options to prevent them. No family has rejected the principle or fact of the Register and its goals. PMID- 7137437 TI - Pesticides in groundwater: the aldicarb story in Suffolk County, NY. AB - Aldicarb, a carbamate pesticide, was detected for the first time in groundwater in Suffolk County, New York, in August 1979. Although all laboratory and field studies indicated that the pesticide could not reach groundwater, a combination of circumstances allowed its residues not only to reach groundwater but also to be ingested by humans. Inquiries in hospitals and poison control centers did not reveal any cases of carbamate poisoning. The extensive monitoring program, conducted by the County in cooperation with the federal and state agencies and the Union Carbide Corporation, showed that 1,121 (13.5 per cent) of the 8,404 wells examined exceeded the state recommended guidelines of 7 ppb. Of the contaminated wells 52 per cent contained adicarb between 8 and 30 ppb, 32 per cent between 31 and 75 ppb, and 16 per cent more that 75 ppb. Residents whose wells exceeded the guideline were advised not to use the water for drinking or cooking purposes and to obtain an alternate source of potable water. The Union Carbide Corporation provided those residents with activated carbon filtration units. The incident raises several serious issues, such as the testing of pesticides under field conditions prior to registration and during their use, the validity of the recommended actionable levels, and the paucity of long-term epidemiologic studies of the health effects resulting from consumption of pesticides in trace concentrations. PMID- 7137438 TI - Parental rights, child welfare, and public health: the case of PKU screening. PMID- 7137439 TI - Mandatory PKU screening: the other side of the looking glass. AB - The challenge that PKU screening programs face is to be effective without sacrificing individual liberty. Most states have assumed that this is impossible, and have enacted mandatory PKU screening tests. It now appears that in fact voluntary screening for PKU can be effective. Accordingly, it seems appropriate to reexamine existing mandatory screening statutes to determine if we can replace government coercion with voluntary informed consent. Focus should be placed on the proper role of the government in screening, and on improving the consent process, and not on those few couples who withhold consent. PMID- 7137440 TI - An attempt to eradicate silicotuberculosis in Ottawa County, Oklahoma. AB - In 1974 and 1975, a selective tuberculosis screening program was conducted in a small mining community in Ottawa County, Oklahoma. Former miners, 50 years of age and over, who had abnormal chest radiographs consistent with silicosis or inactive tuberculosis and positive tuberculin skin tests, were offered isoniazid preventive therapy. Since the project ended, morbidity from silicotuberculosis has declined but silicotuberculosis has continued to occur. In this report, we examine the reasons for the failure to eradicate this disease from the community. PMID- 7137443 TI - Eye sensitivity and vitamin C. PMID- 7137441 TI - Tonsillectomies performed in outpatient settings. PMID- 7137442 TI - Increased incidence of fatal right-sided ectopic pregnancy. PMID- 7137444 TI - Partial characterization of serum suppressor factors in patients with cervical squamous carcinoma. AB - A cell-mediated cytotoxicity system was used to characterize the suppressor factors in sera from patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. The immunoglobulin-M fraction of the sera of 17 patients with different stages of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, separated by Sephadex gel filtration, were tested. All showed marked cytotoxic suppressor activity, including two cases in which sera showed only mild activity. The immunoglobulin-G fraction of sera from 13 patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix was separated by ion exchange chromatography. The cytotoxic suppressor activity of the immunoglobulin-G fraction proved to be comparable in effect to that of the whole sera. By using increasing dilutions of IgG and IgM fractions, it could be demonstrated that IgM fraction retained its activity at 0.01 +/- 0.005 mg/ml whereas IgG fraction was devoid of activity at this concentration, suggesting that these two immunoglobulin fractions act independently. It is suggested that the cytotoxic suppressor activity in sera from patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix resides in the gamma globulin fraction and that both immunoglobulin-M and immunoglobulin-G of their sera manifest the cytotoxic suppressor activity independently. (Am J Reprod Immunol. 2:199-203.) PMID- 7137445 TI - The detection of circulating immune complexes and IgG and IgM rheumatoid factors in normal human pregnancy. AB - The development of immune complexes (IC) and rheumatoid factors (RF) during normal, uncomplicated pregnancy is a controversial issue. Discrepancies in previous reports are due most likely to the different methods used to detect both IC and RF. Using four sensitive radioimmunoassays for immune complexes employing both Clq and mRF and employing sensitive and specific radioimmunoassays for the detection of IgM-RF and IgG-RF, we examined the sera of 35 normal subjects in their third trimester of pregnancy. Immune complex concentrations as measured by four assays were not increased during gestation. However, both IgM-RF and IgG-RF were significantly elevated even though the concentrations of immunoglobulins M and G were virtually identical to the controls. These observations provide further insight into the immunological changes associated with pregnancy. (Am J Reprod Immunol. 2:208-211.) PMID- 7137446 TI - Correlation between regional specificity of antisperm antibodies to the spermatozoan surface and complement-mediated sperm immobilization. AB - Sera from men at risk for immunity to spermatozoa were screened for antisperm antibodies by immunobead binding following passive antibody transfer to antibody free sperm of fertile donors. The percent motile sperm after incubation in diluted antibody positive serum in the presence of complement was compared with the regional distribution of immunoglobulins bound to the sperm surface. The extent of complement-mediated sperm immobilization varied with immunoglobulin class and with the location of antibody bound to the sperm surface. Tests utilizing complement-mediated immobilization of sperm are insensitive to the presence of antibodies of IgG and IgA classes that are directed against the head, the distal one-fifth of the sperm tail principal piece, or the tail end piece. A high degree of immobilization was found only when IgG binding occurred on the distal two-fifths to three-fifths of the principal piece of the tail or when IgM bound to the sperm tail end piece. (Am J Reprod Immunol. 2:222-224.) PMID- 7137447 TI - Essential statistics review. PMID- 7137448 TI - Prospective study of injuries in United States Ski Association freestyle skiing- 1976-77 to 1979-80. AB - This report documents a prospective study of injuries in USSA (United States Ski Association) Freestyle competition undertaken during the four seasons from 1976 77 through 1979-80. In order to ensure adequate reporting and documentation, the study was confined to actual observed competition days. Competition and accident reports were prepared by a representative of the USSA-sanctioned organization conducting each of the competitions studied. Report forms were designed with reference to prior ski accident studies and included demographic information in addition to specific information related to the nature of freestyle ski competition. History and background relative to the disciplines of freestyle skiing is given, including the three disciplines of ballet, aerials, and moguls. Data on 10,118 skier-days revealed incidence of injury to be 2.8 per 1,000 skier days. The distribution of injury to location and type was not similar to that encountered in recreational skiers, and a relatively higher incidence of spine, head, and upper extremity injuries was noted. No incidence of cervical spine injury was encountered. All injured competitors were able to return to competition following recovery from their injuries. This study directs attention to specific aspects of freestyle competition which will require changes in order to further reduce the incidence of injury. PMID- 7137449 TI - Evaluating parameters of a professional hockey team. PMID- 7137450 TI - Soft playing splint for protection of significant hand and wrist injuries in sports. AB - A simple custom-made soft splint has been devised to allow safe sports participation for significant hand and wrist injuries. Made from readily available materials, this "rubber splint" has been used successfully in 113 injuries reviewed in this report. This splint is a result of a modification of an original "Duke" splint described by Dobson, Davis, Lincoln, and Basset, (Exhibit at American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, San Francisco, California, 1971) and the soft cast used at the University of Virginia by McCue and Gieck (personal communication). PMID- 7137451 TI - An update on kinesiology. Summary. PMID- 7137453 TI - Toe extensor weakness resulting from trivial athletic trauma. Report of three unusual cases. AB - Three patients exhibited variable weakness of toe extensors after trivial injuries. The first patient suffered an acute, partial anterior compartment syndrome during a prolonged motorbike ride; the second a traction injury of the deep peroneal nerve while slipping during a racquetball game. The third patient developed a compression injury of the peroneal nerve on the basis of a generalized demyelinating polyneuropathy. The major clues for diagnosis and management came from electromyographic (EMG) examination. PMID- 7137452 TI - Evaluation of the Roux-Elmslie-Trillat procedure for knee extensor realignment. AB - One method for correction of patellofemoral malalignment in acute and recurrent dislocations and subluxations of the patella involves a lateral retinacular release, medial capsular reefing, and medial displacement of the infrapatellar tendon insertion. The procedures was originally described by Roux and later modified and popularized by Elmslie and Trillat. It allows adequate evaluation and easy adjustment of the extensor mechanism at the time of surgery. This current report is an evaluation of 116 of these procedures followed for at least one year and examined by an orthopaedic surgeon. This evaluation indicates that this is a satisfactory method for prevention of recurrent subluxation of the patella with recurrence in only 7% of the cases. A critical evaluation of the results of the procedure reveals only 66% were rated as good or excellent. The results were directly related to associated intraarticular pathology such as hemarthrosis, patellar chondromalacia, degenerative changes on the femoral or tibial articular surfaces, torn or absent semilunar cartilages, torn anterior cruciate ligaments, and insufficient correction of either patella alta or a wide quadriceps angle. The procedure has been slightly modified and the indications for the procedure have been revised. PMID- 7137454 TI - An inexpensive intercondylar notch drill guide. PMID- 7137455 TI - Presidential guest panel. PMID- 7137456 TI - Hazardous practices currently recommended in intestinal analysis. PMID- 7137457 TI - Hyperparathyroidism: problems in surgical management. AB - A retrospective study of 210 patients who had 225 operations for hyperparathyroidism over a 20 year period has been reported. These patients were operated on by 20 staff surgeons, 12 of whom performed such an operation less than five times for this disease during the study period. There was a significant operative and postoperative morbidity of about 8 percent. There was one postoperative death, and two patients died later of related problems. The recurrence rate was 1 percent. The total rate of untoward results was about 18 percent. The success rate of primary operations was 95 percent (71 percent for reoperations). These findings were similar to those in many published reports, but were less than satisfactory. It is possible that results could be improved by putting such patients in the care of experienced surgeons. Careful identification of all of the parathyroid glands is essential to obtain satisfactory results. There was an unusually large incidence of this disease in patients with thyroid disease, immobilization, and thiazide intake. There was a correlation between the preoperative serum calcium levels and the size of the parathyroid tumors that were removed. An interesting "rebound" postoperative hypercalcemia has been described. PMID- 7137458 TI - Lessons of parathyroid reoperations. AB - The case histories of the 23 patients in this series demonstrate the importance of a systematic approach to parathyroid surgery. Ligation of the superior thyroid vessels and mobilization of the upper pole of the thyroid are often necessary to find the superior parathyroid glands that are located on the posterior surface of the thyroid. Devascularization of the thyroid gland does not occur with this maneuver because of abundant collateral circulation from the inferior thyroid artery and tracheal vessels. Normal appearing parathyroid glands should not be resected because this procedure does not treat hypercalcemia and may leave the patient with insufficient parathyroid tissue if an adenoma is found at a later date. Bilateral cervical exploration [35,36] is performed before resection of any abnormal appearing parathyroid tissue. Patients may also have supernumerary parathyroid glands [16], especially in the inferior cervical and superior mediastinal areas that are associated with the thymus [37,38]. PMID- 7137459 TI - The congo red test to determine completeness of vagotomy: clinical application. AB - Over the past 5 years, we have evaluated the Congo red test for vagal competence as to its reliability under varied clinical conditions both intraoperatively and postoperatively. Our technique has been useful and accurate in approximately 200 patients. Insuring completeness of vagotomy during the operation has been of use in 42 patients uncovering an unsuspected incomplete vagotomy in 4. In a series of 31 patients with recurrent ulcer symptoms, the documentation of the cause as well as the presence of the ulcer is possible with one simple maneuver--endoscopy. Furthermore, the test has been utilized postoperatively in over 100 patients to determine the longevity of a negative test as well as the clinical sequelae of apositive study. With a trend to more selective vagal section and a continuing significant incidence of recurrent ulceration, we are convinced that the congo red test is an important adjunct to the surgical care of ulcer patients. PMID- 7137460 TI - Adrenal surgery: trends during the seventies. AB - Surgical experience with adrenal disease from 1970 to 1979 was reviewed in 315 patients. The pathologic conditions that were encountered were hypercortisolism (74 patients), hyperaldosteronism (46 patients), adrenocortical carcinoma (35 patients), pheochromocytoma (77 patients), and nonfunctioning adenoma (47 patients). In addition, 5 patients with metastatic lesions, 14 with cysts, and 4 with myelolipoma were surgically treated. The accuracy of localizing adrenal lesions increased from about 50 percent to almost 100 percent during the decade studied. The increase was due mainly to the introduction of computerized tomography, the most important advance in the management of adrenal disease. The present study shows that adrenal surgery can be performed with low morbidity and mortality. Operative deaths were confined to patients with malignant disease or increased secretion of cortisol or catecholamines. Only patients with adrenocortical carcinoma (2 year survival probability, 34 percent) or hypercortisolism due to cortical hyperplasia (5 year survival probability, 76 percent) had significantly decreased survival. PMID- 7137461 TI - Polymethyl methacrylate dissolved in chloroform as treatment for superficial digital injuries. PMID- 7137462 TI - Decreased prevalence of gallstones in gastric cancer. AB - The prevalence of gallstones and the frequency of previously performed cholecystectomy were examined in 498 autopsy subjects who had gastric cancer and their age- and sex-matched control subjects. The frequency of gallstones not treated by operation and previous cholecystectomy was significantly (p less than 0.01) lower in those with gastric cancer than in the matched-control subjects. It is not possible to determine on the basis of this study what the possible factors that cause this phenomenon are. PMID- 7137463 TI - Pancreatic abscess: an unresolved surgical problem. AB - Twenty patients with pancreatic abscesses were studied to determine if recent diagnostic and therapeutic advances have improved the outlook for those with the disease. An abscess developed as a complication of alcoholic pancreatitis in 10 patients and was due to previous surgery in 9. Ultrasonography and computerized tomographic scanning of the abdomen were helpful in the diagnosis and localization of the abscesses. All 20 patients were treated surgically. Operative mortality was 30 percent and was due to multiple system failure from continuing sepsis. Only 2 of 15 patients who had sump drainage died compared with 3 of 4 patients who were drained with Penrose drains alone. There were two deaths among 10 patients who received nutritional support and four deaths in 10 patients who did not receive hyperalimentation. Pancreatic abscess remains a life-threatening condition. Ultrasonography and computerized tomographic scanning have helped in diagnoses and localization. The addition of sump drainage has reduced the mortality rate from 75 ot 13 percent. Nutritional support also appears to be helpful in reducing mortality. PMID- 7137464 TI - Effects of intraluminal pressure on regional blood flow in obstructed and unobstructed small intestines in the rat. AB - Small bowel circulation in the rat was studied with the microsphere technique before and after 10 minutes of elevated intraintestinal pressure. A distal small bowel loop consisting of 10 vascular arcades was used. The specimens were inflated with nitrogen gas. Regional blood flow in both obstructed and unobstructed small bowels was significantly diminished by an intraintestinal pressure of 40 mm Hg. A pressure of 20 mm Hg impaired circulation only in the obstructed small intestine, whereas the unobstructed intestine did not show a similar decrease. These findings suggest that moderate intraluminal pressures can imply a potential hazard to the vulnerable capillary bed of an obstructed intestine. Hence, it is suggested that intraoperative decompression should be performed to avoid this postoperative threat to bowel viability. PMID- 7137466 TI - Ulcer recurrence, morbidity, and mortality after operations for duodenal ulcer. AB - Due to fear of duodenal ulcer recurrence, PGV is not yet accepted by most surgeons in the United States as a satisfactory operation for treatment of intractable duodenal ulcer. Currently PGV has a 30 day operative mortality of 0.3 percent, a severe morbidity of 1 percent, and a long-term ulcer recurrence rate of about 11 percent. Truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty has a mortality of 0.7 percent, a morbidity of 5 percent, and a recurrence rate of about 10 percent. Truncal vagotomy and antrectomy has a mortality of 1 percent, a morbidity of 5 percent, and a recurrence rate of about 2 percent. Thus, PGV is preferable to vagotomy and pyloroplasty since vagotomy and pyloroplasty has higher mortality and morbidity rates. The recurrence rate is similar. Furthermore, since postoperative morbidity is more difficult to manage than ulcer recurrence, a cogent argument can be made that PGV is superior to vagotomy and antrectomy as an operation for intractable duodenal ulcer. PMID- 7137465 TI - Water-ionic shifts and absorption in relation ot intraintestinal hyperosmolality in the rat. AB - In the rat, a recirculating intestinal perfusion model has been used for a combined study of absorption and transmucosal water-ionic shifts related to intraluminal hyperosmolality. Passive absorption of iodide and active absorption of selenomethionine were not inhibited by intraluminal hyperosmolality. The jejunum was demonstrated to have a greater capacity than the ileum to equilibrate intraluminal hyperosmolality by dilution and to supply its content with cations. The main net movement of sodium into the intestinal lumen was independent of net fluid volume shifts, but constant and specific with respect to time and intestinal level. The experimental model and the findings have been discussed in relation to absorption and obstructive ileus. PMID- 7137468 TI - Salvage of external shunt for hemodialysis. PMID- 7137467 TI - Recurrent carotid stenosis or false aneurysm. A simple approach. AB - The advantages of this method appear to be (1) minimal dissection in the area of previous surgery or aneurysm; (2) high exposure of the upper portion of the internal carotid artery, avoiding damage to the vagus and hypoglossal nerves, plus good exposure and control in a clean area; (3) easy shunting that facilitates the distal anastomosis as well as protects the brain; (4) proper length of the graft is assured by stretching it down the shunt and slitting it to the level of the upper end of the common carotid arteriotomy, (5) no dissection is necessary to preserve the external carotid, and it is not necessary to clamp this vessel; (6) intraluminal ligation of the external carotid artery after reconstruction in the case of aneurysm prevents unnecessary dissection. PMID- 7137469 TI - Intraoperative assessment of limb revascularization by Doppler-derived segmental blood pressure measurements. AB - Prompt recognition and correction of technical errors in vascular procedures in the lower extremities decreases patient morbidity and improves the chances for successful revascularization. A simple, versatile technique for intraoperative hemodynamic assessment of lower extremity revascularization procedures is described. Salient features include ability to detect and correct technical errors without reoperation and its associated morbidity, use of commonly available, inexpensive equipment, and ease of performance without involvement of either specifically trained or inexperienced personnel. PMID- 7137472 TI - Microvascular free-flap coverage of mechanical injuries to the upper extremity. AB - Extensive soft-tissue avulsion injuries of the upper extremities with or without bony involvement are difficult reconstructive problems. They usually cannot be adequately managed by traditional methods using skin grafts or local flaps. Microvascular free-tissue transplantation may offer the best chance for success with these severe injuries. Free-tissue transfer is indicated in this type of injury (1) when no simpler method of obtaining a closed wound is available, or (2) when the quality of soft-tissue coverage by simpler methods would not be adequate from a functional standpoint. For example, if a skin graft is placed over bone and tendons, there may be impairment of function, and certainly this is a poor environment for tendon transfers, nerve repairs, and so forth. The much more adequate tissue of a free-flap coverage provides a better environment for reconstruction. Three cases demonstrating these principles have been presented. PMID- 7137471 TI - Malabsorption secondary to Meckel's diverticulum. AB - This case report of a patient with a large Meckel's diverticulum with associated stagnation and bacterial proliferation demonstrates the resultant metabolic and nutritional alterations that have classically been described with the blind loop syndrome. A lesion as large as the one presented herein has rarely been reported with iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiency anemias secondary to the contaminated small bowel (ileum) syndrome. A discussion of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of this disorder and the multiple disease entities incorporated in the contaminated small bowel syndrome are included. PMID- 7137473 TI - Surgical shrapnel. PMID- 7137470 TI - Intramesenteric ureteroileostomy for urinary reconstruction following pelvic exenteration. PMID- 7137474 TI - [Clinical aspects of cervical spinal cord injuries during the acute stage. Apropos of 117 cases]. PMID- 7137475 TI - [Tomographic study of fractures of the cervical spine. Value of the transverse axial plane and reconstructions]. PMID- 7137476 TI - [Risks in surgery of the injured cervical spine]. PMID- 7137478 TI - [Factors of prognostic value in traumatic quadriplegia (surgical standpoint)]. PMID- 7137477 TI - [Cervical spinal cord injuries: a severity scale from signs on admission]. PMID- 7137479 TI - [Surgery of the cervical spine using a mixed approach]. PMID- 7137480 TI - [Hemodynamic study of quadriplegic patients during the subacute stage]. PMID- 7137482 TI - [Problems posed by injuries of the cervical spine]. PMID- 7137481 TI - [Problems posed by intensive care of tetraplegic patients in the acute stage. Apropos of 47 cases]. PMID- 7137483 TI - [Nicergoline and severe isolated cranial injuries]. PMID- 7137484 TI - [Experimental paraplegia]. PMID- 7137485 TI - [Immunoglobulin content of the amniotic fluid at different times during pregnancy]. PMID- 7137486 TI - [Histochemical analysis of the proteins in human placental tissues in normal pregnancy]. PMID- 7137487 TI - [Characteristics of transplacental digoxin transfer and the effect of this cardiac glycoside on fetal heart activity]. PMID- 7137488 TI - [Characteristics of the tissue oxygen supply of mother and fetus normally and in hypoxia developing during labor]. PMID- 7137489 TI - [Humoral immunity in pregnant women in fetal hypotrophy]. PMID- 7137492 TI - [Hemostatic aspects of the pathogenesis of late pregnancy toxicosis]. PMID- 7137491 TI - [Prevention of the respiratory disorder syndrome in premature newborn infants]. PMID- 7137490 TI - [Immunological approaches to isolating a group of neonates at high risk of infection in normal and complicated pregnancy]. PMID- 7137493 TI - [Effectiveness of active observation in gynecological consultation on pregnant women of a group at risk of developing premature labor]. PMID- 7137494 TI - [Use of magnetophore applicators in obstetrical and gynecological practice]. PMID- 7137495 TI - [Reactions of the hematopoietic organs of newborn animals to glucocorticoids (an experimental study)]. PMID- 7137496 TI - [Inhibition of thrombocyte aggregation activity as affected by tissues of the umbilical artery, vein and chorion]. PMID- 7137497 TI - [Craniocerebral hypothermia in the prevention and combined therapy of cerebral pathology in infants with asphyxia neonatorum]. PMID- 7137498 TI - [ULtrasonic diagnosis of prolonged pregnancy]. PMID- 7137500 TI - [The respiratory function in parturients]. PMID- 7137499 TI - [Effect of influenza on pregnancy, the fetus and the newborn]. PMID- 7137501 TI - [Effect of electroanalgesia on the labor process and status of the fetus and newborn infant]. PMID- 7137502 TI - [Effect of oxygen administered to the mother during cesarean section on the status of the fetus and newborn infant]. PMID- 7137503 TI - [Plasma cholesterol levels in the early puerperium]. PMID- 7137504 TI - [Gynecologic surgery in women over 60]. PMID- 7137506 TI - [Comparative study of the activity of 5-nitrox against clinically isolated Candida in vitro]. PMID- 7137505 TI - [Hypothalamo-hypophyseo-gonadal interrelations in obese women]. PMID- 7137508 TI - [Extraction of pieces of an intrauterine contraceptive device]. PMID- 7137507 TI - [Ultrasonic therapy for treatment of tubal sterility]. PMID- 7137509 TI - [Case of abdominal first pregnancy diagnosed by ultrasound during the 2d half of gestation]. PMID- 7137510 TI - Acute exacerbation of a Dandy-Walker syndrome caused by abscess formation within the cyst: a case report. PMID- 7137511 TI - Mortality and clinical features in cases of death among epileptic children. AB - At a follow-up study of 385 patients with epilepsy beginning under age 15, 22 (5.7%) had died during the first 10 years after the onset of epilepsy and another 11 (2.9%) between 11 and 24 years. Mortality was significantly high in cases with the following clinical features: (1) epilepsy with onset before the first birthday (mortality being 25.5%), (2) symptomatic epilepsy in etiology (17.2%), (3) infantile spasms (40.7%), tonic epilepsy (33.3%) or myoclonic epilepsy (33.3%) as compared with grand mal (5.9%) in seizure type and (4) developmental retardation at the first visit (25.5%). Seizures were not controlled in 31 out of 33 patients at the time of death. The causes of death were status epilepticus or convulsion in 10, pneumonia in 5, severe emaciation in 3, "cerebral palsy" in 5, and drowning, suffocation, traffic accidents or acute lymphocytic leukemia, in one each, and unknown in 6. Most of the patients died at home. PMID- 7137512 TI - Neonatal seizures and subsequent epilepsy. AB - Neonatal findings and evolutionary courses of epileptic seizures were described in newborns who had seizures during the neonatal period and later developed epilepsy. Neonates with CNS dysgenesis ran the highest risk (80%) for subsequent epilepsy. About 30% of those who suffered from perinatal hypoxia and/or intracranial birth injury and 30% of those who had meningitis developed subsequent epilepsy. In perinatal brain injury, those who developed epilepsy showed more abnormal neurological and electroencephalographic findings than those who did not. The more abnormal the neonatal background EEG, the more frequently epileptic fits developed later. There was no such relationship in CNS dysgenesis. Myoclonic seizures were associated with the most severe brain damage. Newborns who later displayed West syndrome had also very abnormal neonatal EEG whereas those who manifested other types of fits more often had less abnormal neonatal EEGs. In West syndrome, hypsarrhythmia was preceded by focal or multifocal spikes, and closely temporally related with the onset of spasms, but there was a variety of intervals between the onset of clinical fits and EEG spikes in generalized or focal motor seizures. PMID- 7137513 TI - Pharmacological in-vitro studies in malignant hyperthermia in childhood. AB - In 91 children the caffeine-halothane test was performed according to the technique used by Britt et al and Kalow et al. The muscles investigated, 12 mm long and 2 to 3 mm in diameter, showed concentration dependent contractures to caffeine and a distinct potentiation after adding halothane. Compared to adults children above the age of 2 show a higher range for caffeine-induced contractures but infants below this age responded the strongest in range and average. While children with neuromuscular diseases usually revealed contractures less than average compared to the reference group there are special myopathies and muscle conditions which lead to a normal reaction to caffeine but increased ones to caffeine plus halothane. The reason for this remains unknown but the patients concerned should be treated like individuals with the proven trait for MH. Out of 22 patients being possibly MH susceptible [9] or having survived an anaesthetic complication [13] 4 showed decreased caffeine thresholds and increased contractures to caffeine plus halothane which is in accordance with MH susceptibility. Basically the pharmacological in-vitro test may reveal false negative results due to diseased muscle fibres or a shifted sensitivity of the contractile elements to calcium. Practically most important however is the inconvertible diagnosis of MH in a given patient, which in the very end will allow decision on the validity of the pharmacological test being used. PMID- 7137514 TI - Facial hemangioma with cerebrovascular anomalies and cerebellar hypoplasia. AB - A 5-year-old female patient with a left facial strawberry nevus, ipsilateral optic atrophy and cerebellar signs was observed. Computed tomography and cerebral angiography confirmed left cerebellar hypoplasia and cerebrovascular abnormalities such as internal carotid arterial stenosis, basilar artery occlusion, and a saccular aneurysm of left carotid siphon, all of which are presumed to develop congenitally. This case may represent a new variety of neurocutaneous syndrome which is different from other syndromes associated with facial hemangioma, such as the Sturge-Weber syndrome and the Wyburn-Mason syndrome. PMID- 7137516 TI - Neurological complications of the trisomy 1Op syndrome: a case report. PMID- 7137515 TI - Basilar artery occlusion in a case of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - This is a report of a case of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), with multiple infarcts in the territories of the basilar artery. He developed abrupt vomiting and transient left hemiparesis at the age of 4 years. The episodes were seen 3 times between 4-year-1-month to 5-year-1-month old. Transaxial computerized tomography (CT) revealed multiple, well-defined but irregularly marginated areas of low density centered in the mid- and upper pons, right cerebral peduncle and thalamus. A right vertebral angiogram illustrated the narrowed basilar artery. The rectus femoris muscle was biopsied at the age of 4-year-1-month which showed marked variation in fiber size, myonecrosis with phagocytosis, central nuclei, and adipose and connective tissue proliferation, which were consistent with those seen in DMD. It remains unknown whether the basilar artery occlusion was an incidental event in this particular case or closely related to the disease process of DMD. PMID- 7137517 TI - Occurrence of storage mites in Finnish farming environments. AB - Qualitative and semi-quantitative microscopic analyses were performed on the mite populations in dust samples collected from the byres and hay and grain storages of 11 farms in Eastern Finland. Storage mites were found in all farms. The mite fauna was more abundant in the byres and hay storages than in the grain storages. The most common species or genera were Acarus siro, Acarus farris, Glycyphagus domesticus, Lepidoglyphus destructor, Cheyletus eruditus, Tydeus spp., and Tarsonemus spp. The results imply that also in northern climates storage mites should be considered as possible causes of allergic disorders among farming populations. PMID- 7137519 TI - Defective serotonin (5-HT) transport mechanism in platelets from patients with endogenous and allergic asthma. AB - The kinetics of the 5-HT-uptake by platelets in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and PRP diluted with autologous platelet-poor plasma (PRP/PPP) were determined in normal subjects, patients with asymptomatic exogenous asthma and those with symptomatic endogenous asthma. In normal subjects the 5-HT-uptake by platelets strictly obeyed Michaelis-Menten's kinetics. In patients with asymptomatic exogenous asthma, the active 5-HT-transport was moderately distorted in PRP and severely altered in PRP/PPP. Patients with symptomatic endogenous asthma exhibited already in PRP a dramatic transport disturbance. The alteration of the active 5-HT-transport was characterized by increasing uptake inhibition by rising 5-HT concentrations in plasma. This phenomenon could be due to changes in the platelet environment, defects in the platelet membrane or intrinsic platelet disorders. It is concluded that asthmatics have genetically or later acquired platelet disorder, which is more clearly observed in patients with symptomatic endogenous asthma than in those with asymptomatic exogenous asthma. PMID- 7137520 TI - Bioavailability of theophylline from three different tablets in asthmatic patients and their bronchodilating effects in combination with terbutaline inhalation. AB - The bioavailability of three different theophylline tablets (microcrystallinic theophylline, Theolair, Nuelin, 3M Riker), choline theophyllinate as a new film coated tablet (Teovent, Ferrosan, Sweden) and theophyllaminopropanol (Oxyphylline, Draco, Sweden) was investigated in eight adult asthmatics and a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study. Effects on ventilatory capacity (FEV1 and FVC), circulation (heart rate and blood pressure) and skeletal muscle tremor were followed. The theophylline concentration was determined by gas chromatography. Forty-five minutes after theophylline administration the plasma concentrations were almost the same for all four formulations. The bioavailability was also almost identical. The half-life for intravenous theophylline in these asthmatics was 7.4 +/- 0.64. The three tablet formation had equal effect on FEV1 and the effect was sustained throughout the 6-h period. Six hours after theophylline administration five terbutaline inhalations induced the same further increase in FEV1. The results indicate that theophylline alone has only a moderate acute bronchodilating effect at recommended plasma concentrations but gives a good effect when combined with inhaled beta 2-adrenostimulants. PMID- 7137518 TI - Investigation of the involvement of Echium plantagineum (Paterson's curse) in seasonal allergy. IgE antibodies to Echium and other weed pollens. AB - The possible allergenicity of an insect pollinated weed, Echium plantagineum, was investigated in a rural area of Australia. Sixty-one subjects with respiratory allergy were studies. Positive skin test reactions to defatted ammonium bicarbonate extract of pollen were found in over 60% of subjects, and positive RAST tests in a similar number. The question of crossreactivity between weed pollens is discussed. The pollen of E. plantagineum was shown to reach the atmosphere in significant amounts about 1 month before the peak grass pollinating period. Evidence that the pollen of E. plantagineum becomes airborne and elicits an IgE response suggests that further attention should be directed to weed pollens as potential allergens. PMID- 7137521 TI - Budesonide and nasal allergen challenge testing in man. AB - In a nasal allergen challenge test, the effect of the glucocorticosteroid, Budesonide, on the pollen allergic type I reaction has been investigated. Placebo and two different dosages of budesonide were administered intranasally for 1 week before the challenge was performed. The study was designed as a double-blind cross-over trial. One week of treatment with the active steroid significantly reduced the nasal secretion compared to placebo as measured with the aid of a symptom score, and significantly reduced the induced nasal blockage measured objectively by means of rhinomanometry. No difference was found between the two dosages of budesonide, 400 micrograms and 100 micrograms daily, used in the study. PMID- 7137522 TI - Oral vasoconstrictors in perennial non-allergic rhinitis. AB - Nasal airway resistance and nasal symptoms were evaluated in patients with perennial non-allergic rhinitis before and after vasoconstrictory drugs and placebo taken orally. The patients were partly selected; those suffering mainly from nasal obstruction being tested. Phenylpropanolamine (PPA) in a dose of 100 mg in a sustained-release preparation clearly decreased the nasal airway resistance measured rhinomanometrically. PPA in a dose of 50 mg and combined with an antihistamine had no obvious decongesting effect. Placebo and dihydroergotamine (DHE) in a dose of 5 mg did not decrease the nasal airway resistance PPA (100 mg) and the combined preparation containing PPA in the lower dose (50 mg) taken twice a day in a cross-over, double-blind study significantly reduced nasal obstruction, secretion, and sneezing compared with placebo. Side effects of PPA are discussed. PMID- 7137526 TI - Enhanced IgE and IgG anti-melittin antibody formation induced by heparin-Melittin complexes in mice. AB - It is known that heparin which is strongly anionic will precipitate in vitro with cationic proteins such as melittin, the principal constituent of bee venom. Our experiments indicate that mice immunized with complexes of melittin and heparin produced greater amounts of IgE and IgG antibody (to this protein) than did mice immunized with melittin alone. It is possible that heparin released from mast cells following a bee sting could complex with melittin and enhance the allergenic properties of this molecule. PMID- 7137524 TI - Lung function studies in children with allergic rhinitis. AB - Thirty carefully selected children with seasonal allergic rhinitis but without history or signs of lung involvement were examined clinically and by lung function tests during the pollen season as well as in the pollen-free season. During the pollen-free season the children had - if anything - slightly better lung function than a healthy control material. During the pollen season the only change was a slight increase in FRC and a decrease in lung clearance index, directly proportional to the change in FRC. Sixteen of the children performed an exercise test in the pollen-free season. A small increase in the volume of trapped gas (VTG) was noted, indicating a subclinical spasm in small airways. Salbutamol inhalation after exercise reduced VTG below base-line values, indicating disappearance of subclinical bronchospasm. Hay fever children thus have a tendency towards bronchospasm after, exercise in the pollen-free season, which, however, is of no clinical importance, as their VTG also after the exercise was less (better) than the predicted normal. PMID- 7137525 TI - Platelet 3H-serotonin releasing immune complexes induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis. AB - In vitro formation of immune complexes was studied by 3H-serotonin release from human platelets by P. aeruginosa antigens in the presence of serum from 22 cystic fibrosis patients, chronically infected with mucoid P. aeruginosa (CF + P) and with a pronounced antibody response against these bacteria, and in 24 patients without P. aeruginosa (CF-P). All CF + P patients responded with 3H-serotonin release (16-34%), whereas CF - P patients released less than 15%. In group of CF + P patients the number of P. aeruginosa precipitins was correlated to the serotonin titer. Time courses indicated that 3H-serotonin release was maximal between 2 and 5 min, and that no further release was observed up to 20 min. There was a gradual increase in 3H-serotonin release with higher platelet concentrations. The response was not changed by complement inactivation, and fractionation of serum demonstrated that the serotonin release was dependent on the presence of the immunoglobulin fraction. These experiments support the suggestion of a type III reaction being involved in the lung damage in CF + P patients and also suggest a possible involvement of serotonin in he inflammatory reaction during chronic P. aeruginosa lung infection. PMID- 7137523 TI - RAST in the diagnostic of dog dander allergy. A comparison between three allergen preparations using two variants of RAST. AB - The results of the skin, bronchial or conjunctival provocation tests and of the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) with dog dander and hair extract preparations from two different producers were compared. 202 asthmatic children were included in the study. The clinical tests, Al-RAST and paper RAST, were performed using only one allergen preparation (Hu073), while two allergen preparations (e2 and e5) were used in Phadebas RAST. A good correlation was generally found between the results of the clinical diagnostic tests, the clinical history and the results of RAST. Phadebas RAST e2 was the most specific but the least sensitive: it gave a class 0 result in 18% and class 3-4 in 34.5% of the subjects with a positive provocation test. The corresponding numbers for e5 RAST were 6.0% and 70.2%, respectively. Al-RAST was equally sensitive, but had lower specificity than Phadebas RAST e5. The correlation between Phadebas RAST e5 and paper RAST Hu 073 was excellent, which indicates a remarkable similarity between these allergen extracts. Using sensitive, immunochemically standardized Phadebas RAST e5 or Al RAST methods, classes 0-1 can be regarded as negative, class 2 as doubtful and classes 3-4 as clinically positive results. PMID- 7137530 TI - Crossed Immunoelectrophoresis analysis of bee venom. Enzymatic identification of antigens. AB - Bee venom obtained by electrical stimulation has been analysed by crossed immunoelectrophoresis against high-titer rabbit antibodies. The antigenic analysis of bee venom revealed that the extract contained 17 antigens, which were detected in the crossed immunoelectrophoresis pattern after staining with Coomassie Brilliant Blue. The crossed immunoelectrophoresis pattern indicated heterogeneity in several of the antigens, as most of the precipitates (exhibiting enzyme and hemolytic activities) represented multiple forms of phospholipase A, hyaluronidase, acid phosphatase and melittin. PMID- 7137528 TI - Characterization of the mouse and rat IgE antibody responses to timothy pollen by means of crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis. AB - The IgE antibody responses to timothy pollen allergens in one rat strain and five mouse strains were investigated by means of crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis. The rodent strains were selected for their capacity to respond with IgE antibody production. When sensitized parenterally with the antigen mixed in alum, the animals produced IgE antibodies to essentially the same antigens in timothy pollen as timothy sensitive patients have been shown to do. Thus, the allergenicity of the complex mixture of antigens in a timothy extract is similarly expressed in animals immunized parenterally with alum as in patients sensitized by inhalation. PMID- 7137527 TI - A radioallergosorbent test (RAST) for Ascaris lumbricoides. AB - An antigen from Ascaris lumbricoides obtained from infected humans has been prepared which can be used for detecting immune response to Ascaris using the skin-prick test. A comparison of immune skin responses between this antigen and the commercial (Bencard) Ascaris suum antigen has been made and a RAST technique for the in vitro detection of specific IgE to Ascaris lumbricoides has been developed using the Lumbricoides antigen. A correlation between skin-prick test and RAST determinations and between RAST and total serum IgE antibodies has been demonstrated. The correlation of RAST results and serum IgE levels agreed with the division of the patients into two classes-allergic and non-allergic-on the basis of clinical criteria for allergy. PMID- 7137529 TI - Crossed radioimmunoelectrophoretic studies of bee venom allergens. AB - Crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) glass slides of honey bee venom showing 18 immunoprecipitates were used in crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE) experiments with sera from 25 patients allergic to honey bee venoms. Phospholipase A, acid phosphatase, hyaluronidase and melittin were demonstrated in the immunoprecipitates using zymographic techniques and direct hemolysis of sheep erythrocytes. The CRIE experiments verified the allergenicity of these proteins. In addition, another antigen (Ag-1) with allergenic activity was identified. This allergen is probably identical to the previously described allergen C in honey bee venom. The presence and complexity of multiple forms of the known allergenic proteins in honey bee venom, was well illustrated in the CIE/CRIE system employed. PMID- 7137531 TI - Allergen content in aqueous and hydrophobic extracts from cow hair and dander. Comparison of extracts by means of quantitative immunoelectrophoresis. AB - Rabbit antibodies were raised separately against an aqueous and a detergent extract of cow hair and dander. It is shown by means of quantitative immunoelectrophoresis that the extracts contain the same major allergens and that these are equally potent in RAST-inhibition experiments. The extraction with a detergent did not lead to the appearance of new allergens. PMID- 7137533 TI - Immunotherapy with grass pollen major allergens. AB - Perennial hyposensitization with a partially purified timothy extract resulted in a statistically significantly higher degree of clinical protection than treatment with the two timothy major allergens (Nos. 19 and 25) and protected better from the second--than during the first grass pollen season. The extracts were standardized biologically and adsorbed to aluminium hydroxide for administration. The therapy had a more beneficial influence on sneezing than on rhinorrhoea and blockage of nasal airways, and an excellent effect on grass pollen asthma was obtained with the partially purified timothy extract. Associated birch pollen allergy was not influenced by hyposensitization with grass pollen. PMID- 7137534 TI - Total serum IgE concentrations in adolescents and adults using the phadebas IgE PRIST technique. AB - Total serum IgE measured with the Phadebas PRIST technique was titrated in 117 normal non-allergic subjects, 237 allergic adolescents or adults and 89 non allergic patients who suffered from asthma, rhinitis, or conjunctivitis. All subjects were of Caucasian origin. In normal subjects, mean total serum IgE was 38 +/- 43 kU/l. This value is exactly the same as that found in a study of Caucasian New Zealanders and very similar to the values found in most U.S. studies. This suggests that the mean total serum IgE concentration is remarkably constant in normal non-allergic Caucasians. The upper limit of the normal range is considered to be 150 kU/l. 38% of allergic patients have total IgE concentrations within the normal range. Some pollen or hymenoptera venom sensitive patients have a total serum IgE concentration below 20 kU/l. The non allergic patients had a mean IgE concentration of 94 +/- 93 kU/l, and 25% of them had a total serum IgE above the normal range. Asthmatic patients had higher mean IgE levels than those who were suffering from either rhinitis or conjunctivitis. PMID- 7137532 TI - Electroencephalogram during and after an acute attack of asthma in children. AB - EEGs were recorded in 12 children who were admitted to hospital because of an asthmatic attack. One EEG was recorded during the attack, one immediately after, and a third EEG several weeks later. The severity of the attack was classified as moderate in eight children, severe in three and very severe in one child. There was a corresponding change in the blood gases, but other laboratory values (electrolytes, glucose, etc.) were normal. Contrary to previous findings, no change was seen in the three successive EEG recordings which had been related to the attacks. It is therefore concluded that an asthmatic attack as such does not give rise to changes in the EEG, and a complicating factor should be suspected if such changes are seen. PMID- 7137535 TI - The protective property of equipotent bronchodilating doses of inhaled KWD 2131 and terbutaline against allergen-induced bronchospasm. AB - The anti-allergic capacity of nebulized KWD 2131 in inhibiting allergen-induced bronchospasm was compared with that of terbutaline in equipotent bronchodilating doses. It was a double-blind cross-over and randomized study also including placebo. Twelve symptom-free extrinsic asthmatics participated in the trial. Equipotent bronchodilating doses of the two beta-receptor-agonists were established in a histamine challenge procedure before the start of the study. Allergen challenge was performed with double concentration steps every 10 min until a greater than or equal to 20% decrease in FEV1 was achieved. Significantly (P less than 0.001) more allergen dose steps could be used after pretreatment with KWD 2131 and terbutaline than with placebo. No difference could be observed between the active compounds. The same allergen log dose gave a 20% decrease in FEV1 after pretreatment with KWD 2131 and terbutaline. The active compounds' protective properties did not differ at a lower degree of allergen challenge. The plasma histamine level was not significantly changed at any point of allergen challenge after pretreatment with either placebo or the active compounds. Therefore, plasma histamine determination was of no value for evaluating the inhibition of mediator release by these drugs. It is concluded that the anti allergic property of KWD 2131 at allergen challenge does not give any further clinical value besides the bronchodilating property. PMID- 7137536 TI - Evaluation of flunisolide nasal solution in the symptomatic treatment of perennial rhinitis. AB - The effectiveness of a topical steroid, flunisolide, was evaluated in patients with perennial rhinitis. Thirty-four patients went through a double-blind cross over study, comparing flunisolide 200 microgram per day with placebo. The symptoms were assessed over two treatment periods each of 4 weeks, with a 2 weeks' washout period in between. There was a statistically significant difference in favour of flunisolide. About half of the patients complained of mild initial irritation from both active drug and placebo. PMID- 7137537 TI - Cell-mediated immunity to human oral carcinoma, and cross reactivity to patients with oral leukoplakia demonstrated by the leukocyte migration test. AB - Tissue extracts from 18 oral carcinomas were tested in the leukocyte migration capillary technique (LMCT) against autologous leukocytes and against leukocytes of healthy matched controls. The normal range was defined as the mean migration index (MI) of the leukocytes of the normal controls +/- 2SD. Three carcinoma patients showed significant inhibition and one was on the lower borderline of the normal range. None showed stimulation. When leukocytes of leukoplakia patients were tested against normal intestine and two homologous oral carcinoma extracts, significantly different MI's were found between carcinoma and normal intestine. The findings are compatible with a state of tissue-specific, cellular hypersensitivity against antigenic components present in oral leukoplakia and in oral carcinoma, and is possibly common between the two. PMID- 7137538 TI - Food hypersensitivity in patients with pollen allergy. AB - Six hundred patients with pollen allergy answered a questionnaire about food hypersensitivity. Hypersensitivity to various nuts, fruits and roots was reported more often by patients with birch pollen allergy (70%) than by patients without birch pollen allergy (19%). The stronger the skin test reaction to birch pollen, the higher was the incidence of food hypersensitivity. A negative correlation was found between grass pollen allergy and food hypersensitivity. In the diagnosis of springtime hayfever, the presence of hypersensitivity to nuts, fruits and roots supports a diagnosis of birch pollen allergy. PMID- 7137539 TI - [High-frequency ultrasonic studies of peripheral circulatory behavior during anesthesia. 1st results with a new measurement procedure]. AB - A new measurement system, based on high-frequency ultrasound Doppler shift detection, was developed to yield semiquantitative information on blood flow velocity in peripheral vascular compartments during anaesthesia. In 25 patients, anaesthetized by mask or intubation techniques, by this device blood flow velocity in the finger tips was recorded simultaneously with other physiological and haemodynamic parameters. In all patients characteristic changes in blood flow velocity were shown very consistently corresponding to different phases of the anaesthetic course. The graphic display of the Doppler shift frequency as an analogue signal yielded a continuous record of pulsatile blood flow velocity, while histograms on a TV-monitor showed its spectral distribution. Medications as well as stimuli from the area of surgery could be shown to reproducibly regarding course and depth of anaesthesia. The high sensitivity of this new monitoring technique producing semiquantitative data offers to the anaesthesist a reliable interpretation of the patient's intraoperative condition. PMID- 7137540 TI - [Toxicity of prilocaine and bupivacaine in intravenous regional anesthesia]. AB - In a prospective randomized study plasma levels of prilocaine and bupivacaine were analyzed after intravenous regional analgesia (IVRA). 20 patients respectively received either 1 mg/kg bupivacaine or 4 mg/kg prilocaine in an equipotent dosis. Prilocaine proved to be significantly less toxic than bupivacaine. Plasma levels of bupivacaine, expressed as percentage of the toxic limit, were threefold higher than those of prilocaine. In one case the maximum level of bupivacaine reached even 85% of the toxic limit. This demonstrates the possibility of dangerous side effects when exceeding the bupivacaine dose of 1 mg/kg. Methaemoglobin formation following use of prilocaine was of no clinical importance. Prilocaine is the agent of choice for intravenous regional analgesia. The use of bupivacaine for IVRA should be limited to special indications. PMID- 7137541 TI - [Error analysis of the thermoindicator method for the determination of the heart minute volume]. AB - In the modern clinical setting, the determination of cardiac output by thermodilution is probably the most widely used method. Factors which are the basis for calculation of cardiac output measured by thermodilution are analyzed and possible sources of errors are described. This method offers the advantage of simplicity and unlimited repeatability at the bedside. Specific sources of error include factors influencing the temperature of the injectate bolus, the determination of initial baseline blood temperature, the integration of the dilution curve and the technique of injection. A model for the determination of the overall accuracy is described. The method can be used reliably. The overall accuracy was found to be from 86% to 93%. PMID- 7137543 TI - [Complication risk using the pulmonary catheter in abdominal infections]. PMID- 7137542 TI - [Experiences with the Haemonetics cell saver]. AB - The Haemonetics-Cell-Saver offers a new method for autotransfusion. It was used in 25 patients intraoperatively as well as in the intensive care ward. Total blood losses amounted to 67 l, of which 47.7 l could be recollected into the sterile processing system. Thus 17.8 l of washed red cell concentrates with an average haemoglobin content of 17.8 g/dl and a haematocrit of 53.8% could be produced, which corresponded to a 53% recovery of RBC loss. Activators of haemostasis and cell debris were successfully eliminated. Changes in cellular and fluid homeostasis and in exogenic and endogenous clotting parameters following autotransfusion were studied. PMID- 7137544 TI - [Blunt neck trauma--the danger of secondary respiratory insufficiency]. AB - It is very difficult to properly assess a lesion of the kind represented by the contuse trauma of the neck, if such assessment has to be effected at the site of the accident. It is a characteristic feature of such a trauma that even hours or days after the accident, acute respiratory insufficiency may suddenly appear if there is an interruption of continuity of the respiratory tract. X-ray and endoscopic findings are mandatory directly after the accident even if it looks as though there are only few signs or symptoms. In case of indication of surgery, all the necessary measures must be taken before initiating anaesthesia to avoid any complications which may be due to hypoxia and aspiration. A case report is given to illustrate the possible discrepancy between the signs immediately after the accident and the findings made later. PMID- 7137545 TI - [Cannulation of the axillary artery in continuous blood pressure monitoring and blood gas analysis]. AB - Catheterisation of the axillar artery for the control of blood pressure and blood gases is described. The advantages over puncturing of small arteries consist in the lower risk of thromboembolic complications and the greater accuracy in blood pressure measurement. Compared with the a. femoralis, the a. axillaris offers the advantages of better intraoperative accessibility, lower risk of contamination and better mobility of the patient. Out of 120 patients who received an a. axillaris catheter preoperatively or in the intensive-care ward for control purposes, complications occurred in 12 cases (haematomas after decannulation, disturbed sensitivity, thrombus at the vascular wall, kinking and obstruction of the catheter), which, however, did not give rise to any clinical sequels. PMID- 7137546 TI - [Oncometry--measurement results and practical experiences with the Oncometer BMT 921 in the intensive care unit]. AB - Measuring the colloid osmotic pressure in the serum of 8 healthy individuals and 28 intensive care patients with the oncometer BMT 921 we obtained reliable results. The mean colloid osmotic pressure in the serum of our intensive care patients was 7 mm Hg less than that of our healthy volunteers. There was a good correlation between the level of the colloid osmotic pressure and the seriousness of the affection and the clinical trend. In view of the simplified process of measurement the control of colloid osmotic pressure represents an important additive diagnostic dimension in intensive care medicine. PMID- 7137547 TI - [Complications and sequellae of partial surgery of the larynx]. PMID- 7137548 TI - [Physical bases for the measurement of impedance in the human ear]. PMID- 7137549 TI - Undergraduate teaching: a developing country experience. PMID- 7137550 TI - Hypotensive anaesthesia for microsurgery of the middle ear. A comparison between enflurane and halothane. AB - One hundred patients undergoing microsurgery of the ear were anaesthetised using thiopentone, nitrous oxide, oxygen and either halothane or enflurane with spontaneous respiration. Blood pressure was reduced to approximately 70 mmHg by the use of hypotensive agents. The efficacy of halothane and enflurane in producing good operating conditions was compared during this technique. Haemostasis was assessed by the surgeon who was unaware which volatile agent was being used. Both agents were found to be satisfactory and enflurane was shown to be a safe and reliable agent with this technique should an alternative to halothane be required. No impairment of renal function was seen with either agent in combination with hypotension. PMID- 7137552 TI - The anaesthetist and the day-surgery unit. PMID- 7137551 TI - Premedication with atropine or glycopyrrolate in children. Effects on heart rate and rhythm during induction and maintenance of anesthesia. AB - Atropine 15 micrograms/kg and glycopyrrolate 5 or 10 microgram/kg were studied as anticholinergic premedicants in groups of 20 children each. A control group of 20 children did not receive anticholinergic premedication. Both atropine and the higher dose of glycopyrrolate produced significant increases in heart rate prior to induction of anaesthesia. The subsequent increase during the process of induction was less than in those who had not received an anticholinergic drug or glycopyrrolate 5 micrograms/kg. Dysrhythmias during induction of anaesthesia occurred slightly less frequently in the patients given atropine or the higher dose of glycopyrrolate. Although the incidence was similar in these two groups, ventricular ectopic beats occurred less frequently following the use of glycopyrrolate. The control of secretions was also superior with this anticholinergic premedicant. PMID- 7137553 TI - Awareness during anaesthesia. PMID- 7137554 TI - Co-axial breathing systems. PMID- 7137555 TI - Pneumocephalus after posterior fossa exploration in the sitting position. AB - Entrainment of air following exploration of posterior cranial fossa in the sitting position was studied in five patients. Intracranial pressure was monitored through a ventriculostomy catheter after closure of the dura. In three patients nitrous oxide was added to the breathing mixture only after the baseline intracranial pressure had stabilised following closure of the dura. A marked rise in intracranial pressure was observed immediately. A rapid decrease in intracranial pressure occurred when nitrous oxide administration was stopped. Two patients were nitrous oxide from the beginning. No change in intracranial pressure was noted. Computerised tomogram on the first postoperative day revealed a significant amount of air in eight cases. PMID- 7137557 TI - Cockayne's syndrome. Another cause of difficult intubation. PMID- 7137556 TI - Inhalation of formaldehyde vapour. A potential hazard of a method of sterilization of bacterial filters. PMID- 7137558 TI - The sick sinus syndrome. A complication during anaesthesia. PMID- 7137559 TI - Postextubation laryngospasm abolished by doxapram. PMID- 7137560 TI - Scoliosis correction and epidural analgesia. Prolonged block following Harrington rod insertion. PMID- 7137561 TI - Haloperidol as an adjunct analgesic in the management of postoperative pain. PMID- 7137562 TI - A cumulative anaesthesia record system. PMID- 7137563 TI - The anaesthetists and distinction awards. AB - The author retired from active practice as a consultant anaesthetist in the British National Health Service during 1980 at the age of 60. He kept a detailed diary for the last full year as a consultant. One of the editors suggested that the diary, augmented by his considered views culled from the experiences of a professional lifetime, could form the basis of a series of essays on various aspects of the life and practice of a consultant anaesthetist during the second half of the twentieth century. This essay considers the history and mechanics of the distribution of distinction awards in the British National Health Service as it has affected anaesthetists. PMID- 7137564 TI - Regional hip blockade for chronic orthopaedic pain. PMID- 7137565 TI - Need there be double standards in anaesthesia? PMID- 7137567 TI - [Simultaneous monitoring of skin, sublingual, esophageal and rectal temperature of intubated patients in an air conditioned operating room. A comparison of methods]. AB - The body temperature of 36 patients of ages 20-83 years, who were undergoing abdominal and extra-abdominal surgery, was measured oesophageally, sublingually, rectally and on the skin during a period of 2 h. The question behind this was: how far can the changes in deep body temperature (represented by the oesophageal temperature) be assessed by methods other than those applied oesophageally. The body temperature sank statistically distinctly, continually and, depending on the chosen method of measuring, by an average of 1.12 degrees C (oesophageal and rectal), 0.99 degrees C (sublingual) and 0.78 degrees C (skin) respectively. The sublingual temperature proved to be the best assessor of deep body temperature. With its help, 91.6% of the variance of oesophageal temperature in the mean was explainable. PMID- 7137566 TI - [Pharmacological modifications of right-to-left shunt in tetralogy of Fallot with a history of hypoxic attacks. Effect of dehydrobenzperidol and noradrenaline during anesthesia]. PMID- 7137568 TI - ["Acupuncture therapy in the anesthesia clinic of the University Clinic of Heidelberg"]. PMID- 7137569 TI - Simultaneous determination of triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesteryl esters by infrared spectrometry. PMID- 7137571 TI - Assay of ephedrine or pseudoephedrine in pharmaceutical preparations by second and fourth derivative ultraviolet spectrophotometry. PMID- 7137572 TI - Determination of selenium in biological samples by hydride generation and atomic absorption spectroscopy. PMID- 7137570 TI - The heterogeneous composition of pharmaceutical-grade nystatin. PMID- 7137574 TI - Ultrastructural aspects of the nasal glands in the rat. AB - The secretory granules of the glands in both the lateral nasal wall and the nasal septum of the rat have been studied by electron microscopic techniques. The glandular tissue in the nasal septum consists of one single gland, which histochemically can be divided into a dorsal and a ventral area. The secretory granules in the acinar cells of the ventral area are electron-dense and non confluent. The dorsal area is composed of acinar cells containing confluent, electron-grey granules and scattered non-confluent, electron-dense ones. The main part of the glandular tissue in the lateral nasal wall is situated around the ostium of the maxillary sinus and can be divided into a dorsal and a ventral part. Ultrastructural studies reveal that the lateral dorsal part resembles the glandular tissue in the ventral area of the septum. Histochemically 2 areas can be distinguished in the ventral part. The acinar cells in one area of the ventral part are characterized by the presence of 2 types of secretory granules: confluent, electron-grey (type A) and non-confluent ones with internal substructures (type B). The other area of the ventral part is composed of acinar cells containing secretory granules resembling those in the dorsal area of the septum. PMID- 7137573 TI - [On the practical-medical mean distances of the fossa cranialis media]. AB - The postnatal growth from different structures would be investigated at 61 skulls of children and 87 skulls of adults. The mean distance between the Foramen caecum and the Protuberantia occipitalis interna (internal length of the skull) increases from 9.7 cm to 14.0 cm. The greatest internal width of the skull grows up in the mean from 6.8 cm to 12.9 cm. The mean surface area of the Fossa cranialis media includes 7.6 cm2 by newborns and 22.4 cm2 by adults. The surface area of the right Fossa cranialis media is significantly more extensive than the left one. The mean radius of the curvature of the Ala minor ossis sphenoidalis increases from 11.8 mm to about 26,0 mm. The side angle of the Ala minor ascends from 75.7 degrees to about 84 degrees in a detour way. The bight to be found underneath for the Polus temporalis has a mean surface area of 24 mm2 in the newborns and 64 mm2 in the adults. The deepest zone of the floor of the Fossa cranialis media is to be located in newborns in the mean 2 mm and in adults in the mean 0.4 mm below the Frankfort plane and 6.4 mm dorsal of the Tuberculum articulare. The mean distance to the Processus zygomaticus cornes to 4.5 mm in newborns and 0.9 mm in adults. The Fossa temporalis deepens in all measured zones during the postnatal development. Apart from the right-left-differences the acceleration during the last 150 years and the sexual dimorphismus of the skull will be discussed. PMID- 7137575 TI - Studies on the histogenesis of the Tunica mucosa of the stomach of the Egyptian water buffalo (Bos bubalus L.). IV. Histogenesis of the omasal mucosa. AB - In the fetal stage of 9 cm CRL 4 order omasal laminae are present. With increasing age they increase greatly in size and conical papillae are seen projecting from their sides into the lumen. At 27 cm CRL stage sporadic smooth muscle cells in the interlaminar spaces, representing the first appearance of the Lamina muscularis mucosae, become visible in the cores of the laminae in the fetus with 32 cm CRL. A fifth order lamina occurs in the fetus with 32 cm CRL as evaginations of epithelium and the underlying Lamina propria mucosae in the interlaminar spaces. The epithelium becomes stratified squamous keratinized assuming the features of the ruminal epithelium after birth. PMID- 7137576 TI - Quantitative studies of the accessory reproductive organs of the male bandicoot rat--a common rodent pest. AB - The accessory organs of reproduction was studied in the male bandicoot rat--a wild pest of our locality. The investigation was carried out by weight and histology with measurement of epithelial tissue. It was found that the bandicoot rat showed all the accessory organs like that of the albino rat. But there are some difference in the weight of these organs. The weight of the testes and some accessory organs such as, epididymis (caput, corpus and cauda), vas deferens, dorsal and lateral prostates, coagulating and ampullary glands, as well as of the penis was lower than in the albino rat. But the preputial gland was significantly heavier in the wild rat. The micro-anatomical features of the accessory organs were virtually similar to that of the albino rat except with some deviations. The epithelial tissue area when measured in these organs in the bandicoot rat showed almost a parallel information with that of the albino rat except with some variations found in some organs. Such variations in the weight or histological structure of these organs could be due to the species-specificity of the animal studied. PMID- 7137577 TI - Fine structure of principal and basal cells of the cauda epididymidis of the South American opossum (Didelphis azarae). AB - The aim of the study was to investigate cytological characteristics of principal and basal cells, at the ultrastructural level, in the cauda epididymidis of the opossum. Adult sexually mature opossums were used. Signs of pinocytosis and absorption and secretion were seen in both cells. These functions and the fine structure of the principal and basal cells of this marsupial are discussed comparatively with the fine structure of these cells in the epididymidis of eutherian mammals. PMID- 7137579 TI - [Our modification of elastometric methods in spondylometric studies]. AB - The author's modification involves the use of elastometer - 70 cm long - onto which 4 indicators in the form of very thin rubber rings were threaded. This device allows the contours of the anterior-posterior curvature of the spinal column to be mapped with well defined borders. The length of the bow and bow string and the angles within the respective segments of the spinal column can be measured on the contours in the author's proposal number 48. This method, which is easily applied under laboratory conditions, reduces measuring errors to a minimum. PMID- 7137578 TI - The accessory head of the flexor pollicis longus muscle and its nerve supply. PMID- 7137580 TI - Catecholamine-containing neurons in the mesencephalic tegmentum of the chicken. Light, fluorescence and electron microscopic studies. AB - The nucleus tegmentalis dorsalis (NTD) which may be homologous with the mammalian locus coeruleus was investigated in the chicken by means of light, fluorescence and electron microscopy. Results are summarized as follows: 1) Numerous neurons emitting green fluorescence by the Falck-Hillarp method were observed in the NTD of the chicken. By consecutive light and fluorescence microscopy on the same section it was established that these catecholamine(CA)-containing neurons clearly coincided with the cell group named nucleus tegmentalis dorsalis by Jungherr (1945). This procedure further showed that there were also non fluorescent neurons in the NTD. 2) On the basis of electron microscopic observation, two types of neurons were recognized in the NTD: medium-(15-25 microns) and small-sized (10-15 microns) neurons. Medium-sized neurons had a round to oval nucleus with several deep infoldings and abundant organelles. From combined fluorescence and electron microscopic examination, they obviously corresponded with CA-containing neurons demonstrated by the Falck-Hillarp method. Small-sized neurons had a round nucleus surrounded by pale cytoplasm. They corresponded with non-CA-containing neurons. 3) From morphometric analysis, it was clear that CA-containing neurons contained a well-developed rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and many lysosome-like dense bodies, unlike non-CA containing neurons. This study was undertaken as the basis of a research program to elucidate the catecholaminergic projections from the NTD. PMID- 7137581 TI - Histogenesis of the loop of Henle in the rat kidney. PMID- 7137582 TI - Developmental reorganization of acetylcholinesterase-rich inputs to somatosensory cortex of the mouse. AB - In this histochemical study, maturational changes in acetylcholinesterase-(AChE) staining in the barrel field of mouse somatosensory cortex were traced. Three distinct stages in the maturation of the AChE positive barrel innervation of mouse can be observed. In the first stage, individual AChE-positive fibers are initially detected in layer IV between 4-5 days postnatal (dpn). This lamina remains lightly stained for the next several days. At 11-12 dpn there is an abrupt increase in the intensity of AChE activity in the barrel hollows, that marks the beginning of the second stage. In the third stage between 17 and 21 dpn, this AChE-rich plexus of fibers is reorganized in the following manner. AChE fiber staining of the barrel hollows becomes limited to the superficial 75-100 microns of barrel depth, i.e. at the boundary between layers III and IV. At deeper levels in layer IV only the septae are AChE-positive. These observations differ from those previously reported for the rat, both in terms of the organization and development of the AChE-positive innervation to the barrels. The present work also provides the first indication that there is a stratification of inputs to the barrels. PMID- 7137583 TI - Appearance and distribution "in situ" of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in cervical myotomes of young chick embryos. Radioautographic studies by light and electron microscopy. AB - Localization of the acetylcholine (nicotinic) receptor sites was investigated in the developing cervical myotomes of the early chick embryo by radioautography at the light and electron microscope level, using 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin. The presence of cholinergic receptor sites was detected in situ as early as 60 hours of incubation (stage 17); their relative density increased in the myotome during the differentiation of the somite. Specific labeling of these receptor sites was detected in the myotomal tissue but not in the notochord, spinal cord or periaxial mesenchyme. The distribution of the receptor sites was uniform in the myotome at 3 days in ovo. An anterior-posterior asymmetry of the density appeared at 4 days in ovo and developed up to the 6th day. The highest density of these toxin-binding receptor sites was observed near the spinal motor nerve bundle as revealed by silver staining. These observations, made in situ, are discussed with respect to the possible neurotrophic or physical effects of the early motor innervation. PMID- 7137585 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of prenatal muscle development in the mouse. AB - Scanning electron microscopy was used to study prenatal muscle development in mouse fetuses ranging from 12 days to 18 days gestation. Some transmission electron micrographs were also used for comparison. At 12 days no myofibres were evident although at 13 days long fibres surrounded by many mononucleated cells could be seen. At 14 days bundles of primary myofibres were observed with new myofibres forming in crevices between adjacent fibres. At 16 days the primary myofibres had separated but smaller secondary myofibres could be seen forming along their surfaces. The myofibres were very compact at 18 days and often appeared fused but this was due to the basal lamina ensheathing clusters of primary myofibres with their secondaries. The scanning electron micrographs appeared to illustrate the theories of muscle development which have arisen out of the various studies employing sectioning techniques. PMID- 7137584 TI - Grafting experiments on determination and migratory behaviour of presomitic, somitic and somatopleural cells in avian embryos. AB - The state of determination of somites, parts of somites, unsegmented paraxial mesoderm and of somatopleure was investigated by grafting these tissues from quail embryos to the wing buds of chicken embryos. It was found that muscular and chondrogenic determination occur before the formation of somites. Muscular determination takes place earlier than previously assumed and ahead of chondrogenic determination. Somatopleure yields cartilage, but no skeletal muscle. Prospective sclerotomes are primarily capable of differentiating into muscle and loose this potency in the course of development. Myogenic cells extensively migrate within the wing bud in a proximo-distal direction, whereas chondrogenic cells both of somitic and somatopleural origin show no overt migratory tendency. PMID- 7137586 TI - An electron microscopical study of neuronal cell clustering in postnatal mouse striatum, with special emphasis on neuronal cell death. AB - In this study, electron microscopy was used to study cell clustering in the postnatal mouse striatum. From the date of birth (PO) through postnatal day 7 (P7), groupings of eight to ten striatal neurons were delimited easily in low magnification electron micrographs. Often, within individual groupings, adjacent neurons were separated only by a thin, 10 nm gap, and formed cell pairs or cell triads. Coincident with marked expansion of the striatal neuropil in the second postnatal week, striatal neurons formed more dispersed cell clusters consisting only occasionally of cell pairs or triads. Single, pyknotic neuronal nuclei were seen in clusters of normal neurons exhibiting different stages of maturation but were absent from clusters consisting only of well-differentiated neurons. The neuropil surrounding cell clusters with pyknotic neurons or that adjacent to neighboring cell clusters often contained degenerating dendrites and axon terminals. Whereas this naturally occurring neuronal cell death was present in the tissue throughout the first postnatal week, only degenerating dendritic and axonal profiles were seen in the P15 striatum. This latter fact suggests that the occurrence of pyknotic neuronal somata does not account entirely for the more localized degeneration of other neuronal profiles and raises the possibility that other degenerative processes may be occurring simultaneously in the tissue. PMID- 7137587 TI - Histochemistry of mouse extraocular muscle. AB - The organization, histochemical and endplate characteristics, and percentage fiber composition are described for mouse extraocular muscle (EOM). Both recti and obliques, but not the retractor bulbi, have two concentric layers, an inner global and superficial orbital. Three histochemical fiber types, coarse, fine and granular, are present in the EOM. The intermediate diameter coarse fibers are focally innervated and occur in both layers in all muscles. The large diameter granular fibers are focally innervated and occur in all EOM in the global layer. The small diameter fine fibers have multiterminal endplates and occur in both layers of the recti. Fine fibers are not seen in the obliques or retractor bulbi. Focal endplates are confined to a broad diagonal band across the middle one third of the muscle, whereas multiterminal endplates are scattered throughout the length of the muscle. PMID- 7137588 TI - The central projections of visceral primary afferent neurons of the inferior mesenteric plexus and hypogastric nerve and the location of the related sensory and preganglionic sympathetic cell bodies in the rat. PMID- 7137590 TI - On the development of the spinal cord of the clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. II. Experimental analysis of differentiation and migration. AB - In order to determine the time and site of origin and the final location of various cell groups in the spinal cord, tadpoles of Xenopus laevis, ranging from stage 48 to stage 56 were treated with tritiated thymidine and sacrificed at various stages from 49 to 66 (stages according to Nieuwkoop and Faber (1967). From the poorly developed matrix at stage 48-49 not only ventral horn cells, but also neuroblasts of the intermediate zone and the dorsal horn arise. Both the matrix and the ventricle expand in a dorsal direction. From the well-developed matrix at stage 54, in which the mitotic activity is almost exclusively confined to its dorsal part, mainly cells of the dorsal horn develop. However, this later stage matrix also gives rise to a considerable number of neuroblasts, which become located in the central parts of the intermediate zone and the ventral horn. Generally the later-born cells come to lie dorsomedially to the older ones. The neuroblasts of the lateral motor column, however, migrate through and settle ventrolaterally to their predecessors. Our observations do not support the basal plate-alar plate concept of His (1893). PMID- 7137589 TI - On the development of the spinal cord of the clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. I. Morphogenesis and histogenesis. AB - The morphogenesis and histogenesis of the spinal cord of Xenopus were examined. The study encompasses the developmental period between stage 41 and stage 66 (stages according to Nieuwkoop and Faber 1967). This period can roughly be divided into three phases. From stage 50 up to stage 53 strong proliferation and rapid growth are the most striking features. This developmental phase is preceded and followed by less dynamic periods. From stage 41 up to stage 50 the rate of proliferation is relatively low. The numbers of cells in the matrix and in the mantle layer are very small. In the mantle layer two classes of early differentiated transient neurons can be distinguished: primitive giant sensory or Rohon-Beard cells and primitive motor neurons. From stage 46 onward the originally tube-shaped spinal cord swells at the thoracic level into a thoracic enlargement. After stage 50 the proliferation strongly increases until a maximum at stage 53. Concomitantly a considerable acceleration of growth takes place. The major part of the mitoses are always concentrated in the dorsal part of the matrix. From stage 51 onward the cervical and lumbar regions show much more mitoses than the thoracic part. Distinct cervical and lumbar enlargements develop and are going to mask the thoracic swelling of the cord. From stage 54 on proliferation continues on an increasingly low level. The period between stage 54 and stage 66 is characterized by differentiation of the spinal neuronal elements. PMID- 7137591 TI - Calcium-containing lysosomes in the outer mantle epithelial cells of Amblema, a fresh-water mollusc. AB - The cells of the outer mantle epithelium contain numerous large pleomorphic electron dense bodies. In their fine structure they resemble lysosomes. Positive acid phosphatase histochemistry confirms that these supranuclear and subnuclear structures are lysosomes. A major portion of the intralysosomal material is resistant to high-temperature microincineration, indicative of an inorganic component. Subsequent microprobe analyses identified considerable calcium within these organelles. Such entities are similar in structure and ionic content to the lysosomes of avian intestinal absorbing cells, another calcium-transporting epithelium. These mantle lysosomes may function in transcellular calcium transport during shell formation, growth, and repair, especially since the mantle is the shell-forming organ in molluscs. PMID- 7137592 TI - Histochemical properties of some jaw muscles of the lizard Tupinambis nigropunctatus (Teiidae). AB - In many vertebrate limb and jaw muscles constituent fibers with differing contractile and metabolic properties are distributed so as to produce distinct intramuscular oxidative and glycolytic regions. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if similar compartmentalization exists in jaw muscles of the teiid lizard Tupinambis nigropunctatus. Nine jaw muscles from two adults and one juvenile were examined, and serial sections from each muscle were analyzed using histochemical techniques to indicate relative contractile, oxidative, and glycolytic capacities of the fibers and their patterns of distribution. Three distinct fiber types were observed. The histochemical profile of type 1 fibers most closely resembled that of tonic muscle fibers, while profiles of type 2 and type 3 fibers corresponded to those of fast-twitch glycolytic (FG) and fast twitch oxidative (FO) fibers, respectively. Three muscles contained only type 2 (FG) fibers, and two muscles contained a noncompartmentalized mixture of all three fiber types. The remaining four muscles were distinctly compartmentalized, having a small, inner oxidative region containing primarily type 1 (tonic) and type 3 (FO) fibers and a larger, outer region consisting entirely of type 2 (FG) fibers. The possible relationships between fiber types, compartmentalization, and jaw function are discussed. PMID- 7137593 TI - Intercellular contacts between migrating blood cells and cells of the sinusoidal wall of bone marrow. An ultrastructural study using tannic acid. AB - The migration of blood cells across the sinusoidal wall of murine bone marrow was studied following fixation with tannic acid-glutaraldehyde. Electron microscopic examination showed regions of close membrane apposition (referred to in this study as "intercellular contacts") between migrating blood cells and cells of the sinusoidal wall (adventitial and endothelial cells). Ultrastructurally the intercellular contacts are pentalaminar structures resembling gap junctions of other organs after tannic-acid fixation. The possibility that these contacts are regions of intercellular communication and/or sites of membrane attachment utilized for locomotion of the migrating blood cells is discussed. PMID- 7137594 TI - Cephalic neurulation in the mouse embryo analyzed by SEM and morphometry. PMID- 7137595 TI - Dorsal cerebral arterial collaterals of the rat. AB - This study demonstrated that distal branches of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) are joined by interarterial anastomoses to rami of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in the normal Wistar rat. Arteries of 36- and 56-day-old animals were dilated with papaverine and injected with Vultex. Vultex arrived at corresponding ACA and MCA collaterals simultaneously as determined by microscopy through a skull window and photography. There were about 29 ACA-MCA junctions per hemisphere. Junction density was nearly constant along the frontal-occipital axis. The anastomoses were most numerous between 2 and 3 mm lateral to the midline and were less than 120 micron in internal diameter. No significant difference was found between total numbers of junctions for right versus left hemispheres or between age groups. The most evident collateral pattern was characterized by two ACA end rami joining two MCA end branches to form a closed, diamond-shaped collateral unit. Considerations were given to alternate routes of blood flow into the MCA tissue field. We conclude abundant dorsal anastomoses exist in 36- and 56-day-old rats and are the prime potential source for ACA collateral supply to the MCA tissue field. PMID- 7137597 TI - Membrane differentiation in the Golgi apparatus of mammalian urinary bladder epithelium. AB - The endomembrane system in superficial and intermediate epithelial cells of mammalian urinary bladder was studied by cytochemistry, thin-section and freeze fracture electron microscopy to determine the sites where special forms of membrane differentiation first appear. Glutaraldehyde-resistant NADH-ferricyanide reductase, distinctive 11-12 nm intramembrane particles (IMP), and asymmetry of membrane leaflets served as markers of membrane maturation. The three markers were specifically associated with the maturing face of Golgi apparatus and were absent from the remainder of the endomembrane system. Activity of this enzyme was associated with the lateral regions of the maturing face, fusiform vesicles, and the plasmalemma. Asymmetric unit membrane (AUM) plaques were not observed in the Golgi apparatus per se but were present in immature fusiform vesicles that had not detached from the maturing face. When freeze-fracture replicas and thin sections were compared, randomly arranged 11-12 nm IMP first appeared in maturing face membranes that were adjacent to clusters of "free" polyribosomes in the Golgi apparatus region. The proximity of these polyribosomes suggests that they may be related to the coincident appearance of the 11-12 nm IMP in the maturing face membrane. Our observations support the hypothesis that membranes undergo differentiation during "flow" through compartments of the endomembrane system. The lateral regions of the maturing face of the Golgi apparatus appear to be a critical location for the morphogenesis of plasma membranes in urinary bladder. PMID- 7137596 TI - Coronary artery distribution in bonnet monkeys (Macaca radiata). AB - Full use of nonhuman primates as a model for coronary vascular disease has been hampered by several factors, including the limited availability of detailed coronary anatomic data. This study was undertaken to identify the gross coronary arterial anatomy of the Bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata). The hearts of sixteen adult male Bonnet monkeys were subjected to postmortem coronary angiography and gross morphological examination. The main left coronary artery divided into the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and the left circumflex coronary artery (LCA). The posterior descending coronary artery (PDCA) arose from the LCA in 31% of the cases and from the right coronary artery (RCA) in 56% of the hearts. Hearts from two animals (13%) had paired arteries, arising from the LCA and RCA, located in the posterior interventricular groove. The arterial supply to the sinoatrial node originated from the LCA in 69% of the animals and from the RCA in the remainder. The atrioventricular node was supplied by a branch of the RCA in 69% of the animals and from the LCA in the remainder. The coronary anatomy of the bonnet monkey resembles that of man more closely than does the dog in terms of origin of the PDCA, supply of the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes, and perfusion of the interventricular septum. The Bonnet monkey may therefore be a useful model for certain specific pathophysiological studies on the coronary circulation. PMID- 7137600 TI - A reexamination of rat ductuli efferentes. AB - In 33 testes from a random selection of rats a 10% suspension of India ink in normal saline was introduced through the rete testis into the emergent ductuli efferentes. Low-power microscopy and microradiography confirmed the individually independent origin of each ductule. Five ductules were isolated in each of 17 testes, 4 ductules in 6, 6 ductules in 8, and in 2 testes, 7 and 9 ductules, respectively. In six animals minor variations existed as between the right and left testes +/- 1 in 4 and +/- 2 in 2. It is necessary to exercise great caution in the interpretation of results of experimental work on alteration of the ductuli, because of variability between colonies and within strains of rats. PMID- 7137598 TI - Association between mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum in rat liver. AB - Mitochondria were isolated from rat liver homogenate by both zonal and sedimentation equilibrium centrifugation. From electron microscopic examination of thin sections it was observed that 81% of the isolated mitochondria were in contact with rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). Intact, non-sectioned mitochondria subjected to negative staining procedures appeared to show points of connection between RER and the outer mitochondrial membrane. After treatment of mitochondria with digitonin to remove outer membranes, some of the resulting mitoplasts (intact inner membranes) remained closely associated with RER. Serial section analysis of intact rat liver indicated that RER saccules fit over mitochondria like caps providing broad areas of contact between the two organelles. The RER saccules were also observed communicating with more than one mitochondrion. PMID- 7137601 TI - Fine structure of the testis in the toad (Bufo arenarum hensel): a freeze fracture study. AB - The present work reports novel findings in the toad testis using freeze-fracture techniques. Tight and gap junctions are observed in the nonfenestrated endothelial cells. Numerous gap junctions are present between interstitial cells. Sertoli-Sertoli junctional specializations in the toad are similar to those described in mammals although they appear to be less elaborate. The appearance of nuclear pores, in the seminiferous epithelium, ranges from a uniformly and apparently random distribution in Sertoli cells to large aggregations of closely spaced pores separated by free areas in the nuclear envelope of spermatocytes. Inasmuch as these features have also been described in mammals, the fact that they are present in amphibia might indicate that they represent a widespread pattern. Concomitantly with increasing chromatin condensation, nuclear pores diminish in round spermatids and seem to disappear in the more mature germ cells. The en face freeze-fracture views of annulate lamellae in the postnuclear cytoplasm and membranous features of the acrosome formation, flagellum, and undulating membrane of elongating spermatids are also described. PMID- 7137599 TI - Intramuscular variation of fiber types in the brachial biceps and the lateral vastus muscles of elderly men: how representative is a small biopsy sample? AB - The aim of the study was to investigate the reliability of the distribution of muscle fiber types determined in small fragments of human skeletal muscle. Fiber type distribution was analyzed in small areas, equivalent to a needle biopsy in size, and in large areas, at nine sites of the brachial biceps (BB) and the lateral vastus (LV) muscles obtained at autopsy from five elderly subjects. It was concluded that in the BB the site of a biopsy should be well defined, since the incidence of fiber types varied systematically. In the LV the biopsy should be large to permit a reliable estimate of the incidence of fiber types; with the needle technique, repeated sampling may be necessary. Small samples are not suited for the analysis of fiber type grouping. PMID- 7137602 TI - The vasculature of the human penis: a reexamination of the morphological basis for the polster theory of erection. AB - The morphology of human penile blood vessels has been studied to characterize columns of smooth muscle found in the intima. Although previous workers (Kiss, 1921; Conti, 1952) termed these intimal pads or polsters and concluded that they were actively responsible for the production of erection, more recent work has questioned these conclusions (Benson et al., 1980; Newman and Tchertkoff, 1980). Serial sections were taken throughout the length of the penis from 11 cadavers and stained with various histopathological stains. Numerous polster-like structures were found, but all could be identified as either branch points in vessels, intimal cushions located at branch points, or arteriosclerotic lesions at various stages of development. None of these structures seem capable of functioning in the manner attributed to them by Conti (1952) and others. Furthermore, comparison of the structures found in the present study to illustrations of polsters in Conti's paper suggest that these are identical. The present study refutes the polster theory of erection and leaves open to further question the mechanisms involved in the control of blood flow into and within the penis. PMID- 7137603 TI - Proliferation of Sertoli cells in fetal and postnatal rats: a quantitative autoradiographic study. AB - Proliferation of Sertoli cells during fetal and postnatal development of the rat was examined and quantified with light microscope autoradiography. Fetuses in utero were injected subcutaneously with 3H-thymidine. The percentages of Sertoli nuclei that had incorporated label were determined in autoradiographs from fetuses aged 16 through 21 days of gestation. To compare the degree of Sertoli cell proliferation during fetal development with that occurring after birth, pups were also studied at intervals between the day of birth and 3 weeks of age. For each fetus or pup, at least 500 Sertoli cell nuclei in each of three sections were scored as labeled or unlabeled. These data were subjected to analysis of variance and the Newman-Keuls test. The percentage of Sertoli cells incorporating 3H-thymidine increased progressively from day 16 of gestation onward, to a maximum of 26.8% on day 20, two days before birth. Thereafter, this percentage dropped steadily until, in pups 21 days after birth, no labeled Sertoli cells were detected. These findings highlight the fetal period as the time of greatest expansion of the Sertoli cell population and indicate that, at birth, proliferation of these cells is already on the decline. PMID- 7137605 TI - Ultrastructural evidence for steroid-hormone production in the adrenal of the marsupial Isoodon macrourus, at birth. AB - To determine whether the adrenal gland of the bandicoot is actively producing steroid hormones at birth, the cellular structure was examined by electron microscopy, and the concentration of cortisol in the gland was determined by radioimmunoassay. Two distinct cell populations were seen in the adrenal gland. One group of cells possessed dark staining granules, normally observed in catecholamine-secreting cells, and the second group contained large amounts of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria with tubulo-vesicular cristae. Both features are characteristic of steroid-secreting cells. A concentration of 0.094 ng of cortisol per adrenal was determined by pooling glands from nine individual newborn bandicoots. This evidence of cortisol secretion from the bandicoot adrenal at birth indicates that, as in many eutherians, the marsupial adrenal may play an important role in determining the length of gestation. PMID- 7137604 TI - A new morphological procedure for viewing microvessels: a scanning electron microscopic study of the vasculature of small intestine. AB - The present study details a new method for the exposure and viewing of individual microvessels located within the small intestine of rats. This procedure will selectively and consistently remove the outer muscle layers and underlying submucosa of the intestinal wall and thereby expose a variety of arterioles in their normal location within the tissue, with their normal relationship to each other undisturbed. The small intestine of the rat was initially fixed by vascular perfusion with 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate/HCL buffer, reinfused with heparinized whole blood, removed from the animal, and secured to a dissecting petri dish for further fixation. Subsequently, the external muscularis was dissected from the sample which exposed the submucosa. In order to remove the connective tissue elements from this layer and uncover the submucosal vasculature, the samples were first transferred to a solution of 30% potassium hydroxide for 2-5 minutes and then to a final digesting solution containing collagenase. Thereafter, the samples were routinely processed for light microscopy and for scanning (SEM) or transmission (TEM) electron microscopy. Examination of the samples revealed excellent preservation of the three dimensional organization of the arteriolar wall with minimal membrane damage. This new technique now makes it possible to visualize the shape and position of individual smooth muscle cells along arterioles of differing size and branching order. PMID- 7137606 TI - Pulmonary air embolism and nitrous oxide challenge. PMID- 7137607 TI - Effects of enflurane on brainstem auditory evoked responses in humans. AB - The effects of enflurane anesthesia on brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAERs) was determined in 10 patients with normal hearing undergoing various surgical procedures. Arterial blood pressure, body temperature, and arterial Pco2 were controlled during the 2- to 5-hour recording sessions. End-tidal enflurane concentrations were continuously recorded on a chemetron Medspect II mass spectrometer in three subjects. BAERs were obtained by, and recorded on a Nicolet CA 1000, from C2 with reference to A1 or !2, with a 2000 click-averaging for each measurement. Enflurane administered at clinical concentrations (0.5% to 3%) produced a consistent changes in BAER latencies. The waves significantly affected (p less than 0.01) were waves III, IV, and V and interpeak latency I-V. The magnitude of theses changes was related to the concentration of enflurane and was magnified by temporarily decreasing the Paco2. These findings confirm similar data obtained in animals which have shown the same effects at doses that can produce generalized seizure activity. BAER analysis shows that changes predominate at the pons and midbrain levels and affect the brain stem conduction time, which likely reflects the action of enflurane on the activity of the reticular activating system. PMID- 7137608 TI - Functional and structural changes in the rabbit vagus nerve in vivo following exposure to various hypoosmotic solutions. AB - Hypoosmolar solutions were recently shown to produce a reversible conduction block of rabbit vagus nerve and to potentiate local anesthetic agents. The object of the present study was to determine the ability of neural tissue to recover structurally and functionally following exposure to hypoosmotic solutions. Cervical vagus nerves of rabbits were bathed in situ for 2 hours in a control solution or in 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6 aqueous dilutions of physiologic salt solution. Nerves excised immediately after exposure, or 1 to 4 weeks later, were subjected to light and electron microscopic examination. Following exposure to control and 0.6 dilution, nerves were normal in all respects at 8 days. However, nerves exposed to 0.4 and 0.5 dilutions, although apparently functionally intact as tested by conduction of C fiber action potentials, showed evidence of axonal damage characterized by accumulation of macrophages and proliferation of Schwann cell processes. It may be inferred that the osmotic fragility of axons is similar to that of erythrocytes and that immersion in 0.6 N osmotic solution is probably harmless to the nerve. PMID- 7137609 TI - Dobutamine and cardiac oxygen balance in patients following myocardial revascularization. AB - Dobutamine is frequently used in the early postoperative period following myocardial revascularization to improve cardiac output. Seven postoperative adult patients with low output syndrome were studied before and during intravenous dobutamine (mean +/- SD: 5.1 +/- 2.5 micrograms/kg/min) infusion. The metabolic effects were evaluated and related to hemodynamic changes. Cardiac index increased 40% (p less than 0.05) with an increase in heart rate (p less than 0.05) and decreases in systemic vascular resistance and right atrial pressure (p less than 0.05). No significant changes occurred in arterial or pulmonary capillary wedge pressures or in stroke volume index. Dobutamine produced a 29% increased in myocardial oxygen consumption which, in these revascularized patients, was accompanied by a 35% increase in coronary blood flow. No significant alteration was observed in coronary sinus oxygen content or in global myocardial lactate extraction. Thus, despite the increased metabolic cost of dobutamine, global myocardial ischemia was not observed. PMID- 7137610 TI - Criteria for selection of ambulatory surgical patients and guidelines for anesthetic management: a retrospective study of 1553 cases. AB - The charts of 1553 patients who were anesthetized for ambulatory surgery were analyzed retrospectively to determine the effect of the type of surgery, the age of the patient, the use of premedication, the duration of anesthesia, and the anesthetic technique on the duration of recovery and the rate of complications. In a 4-month period in 1979, 1073 patients were treated, and another 480 patients were treated during a 2-month period in 1980. Aside from patients undergoing dental surgery, the surgical procedure and the extremes of age affected neither the duration of recovery (193 +/- 97 minutes) nor the rate of complications (2.45%). The use of premedicants other than narcotics did not prolong recovery. There was no relationship between anesthesia time and the duration of recovery. Patients who received local anesthesia had a significantly shorter recovery period than the whole population, and significantly fewer patients receiving local anesthesia had to be admitted to the hospital. Thus, arbitrary limits placed on the type of surgery, age of the patient, the duration of the procedure, and the use of certain premedication appear to be unwarranted. PMID- 7137611 TI - Effect of nitrous oxide solubility on vaporizer aberrance. AB - Concentrations of halogenated anesthetics produced by contemporary vaporizers vary from vaporizer dial settings when carrier gas is not 100% oxygen. This effect is most marked when carrier gas changes from 100% O2 to 100% nitrous oxide (N2O). Vapor concentrations of halothane and enflurane from vaporizers with 6 L/min carrier gas flows were reduced to 3% from 4% until absorption of N20 by the liquid anesthetic ceased. Presaturation of liquid anesthetics with N2O eliminated the transient decrease of vapor output. Steady-state outputs of halothane and enflurane in 100% N2O were 10% below dial settings. The significance of these changes in administration of closed-circuit anesthesia with an out-of-circuit vaporizer is discussed. PMID- 7137612 TI - Plasma cholinesterase activity and tachyphylaxis during prolonged succinylcholine infusion. AB - Fifteen patients were studied during general anesthesia (nitrous oxide-fentanyl, N = 7 or nitrous oxide-isoflurane, N = 8) to determine the relationship between plasma cholinesterase activity and succinylcholine requirements during prolonged infusion. Using train-of-four stimulation, neuromuscular block was maintained at 90% for at least 1 hour, and plasma cholinesterase was measured at 30-minute intervals. During the infusion, succinylcholine requirements increased in every patient (tachyphylaxis), but there was no significant change in plasma cholinesterase activity. Succinylcholine requirements during the 1st hour of infusion in patients given fentanyl were correlated with preinfusion cholinesterase activity. It is concluded that tachyphylaxis to succinylcholine is not the result of increased metabolism from enzyme induction and that succinylcholine requirement is related to plasma cholinesterase activity. PMID- 7137613 TI - Localized clonic convulsions after spinal anesthesia with lidocaine and epinephrine. PMID- 7137614 TI - Persistent sixth cranial nerve paresis following blood patch for postdural puncture headache. PMID- 7137615 TI - Blood pressure measurement in infants. PMID- 7137616 TI - The influence of droperidol, diazepam, and physostigmine on ketamine-induced behavior and brain regional glucose utilization in rat. AB - Diazepam and droperidol are used clinically with ketamine anesthesia to reduce emergence hallucinations, vivid unpleasant dreams, and hyperexcitability. Also, there are reports that the recovery time from ketamine anesthesia is shortened after administration of physostigmine. The authors investigated the influence of diazepam, droperidol, and physostigmine pretreatment on ketamine anesthesia by measuring the brain local regional activity and behavioral responses in rat. The 2-deoxyglucose brain local metabolic mapping method was used to determine regional brain functional activity. The recovery of tail flick response and righting reflex from ketamine anesthesia were prolonged by diazepam and by droperidol pretreatment, but the duration of agitation was shortened; physostigmine caused no significant change in any of these responses. Ketamine alone caused a statistically significant (P less than 0.05) increase in the rate of glucose utilization along the hippocampal molecular layer (control 87 mumol . 100 g-1 . min-1; ketamine 166 mumol . 100 g-1 . min-1) and a decrease in medial geniculate (25%), inferior colliculus (37%), and lateral habenula (18%). Diazepam, droperidol, and physostigmine pretreatment did not significantly alter any ketamine-induced glucose use changes, except for a decreased activity in hippocampal molecular layer with diazepam pretreatment (20%) and an increased activity in the lateral habenula with droperidol pretreatment (94%, P less than 0.05). These findings corroborate the "epileptogenic" character of ketamine anesthesia and implicate the hippocampus as a major focus. The reduced activity in the hippocampus induced by diazepam retreatment and the increased activity in the lateral habenula induced by droperidol pretreatment may be factors in the clinical reduction of ketamine hyperexcitability and hallucination by these drugs. PMID- 7137617 TI - Circulatory responses to airway stimulation and cervical epidural blockade. AB - In order to investigate the effects of acute cardiac sympathectomy, the circulatory responses due to tracheal intubation and broncho-carinal stimulation were compared in lightly anesthetized, paralyzed patients who had either cervical (n = 18) or lumbar epidural blockade (n = 18), or neither (n = 12). The mean analgesic levels obtained using 2% mepivacaine with epinephrine were C4-T8 in the cervical group, and T7-S1 in the lumbar group. Increases in arterial blood pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR) due to laryngoscopy were significant (P less than 0.01) but similar in the three groups of patients. Broncho-carinal stimulation by a suction catheter did not produce noticeable changes in AP and HR in the cervical group; significant increases were observed in the other two groups (P less than 0.01). It was concluded from this study that acute sympathectomy induced in part by cervical or lumbar epidural block does not attentuate circulatory responses due to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. The cervical blockade, however, can prevent such responses due to broncho-carinal stimulation without predominant vagotonic reflexes; this may be attributed to the interruption of sympathetic afferents to the spinal cord at the epidural level. PMID- 7137620 TI - Incidence of venous air embolism during epidural catheter insertion. PMID- 7137618 TI - The effects of high-dose fentanyl on cerebral circulation and metabolism in rats. AB - There is considerable controversy with respect to the effects of narcotics on the cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRo2). The present study examined the effects of high doses of intravenous fentanyl (25-400 micrograms/kg) on the CBF and CMRo2 in rats. Cerebral cortical blood flow and metabolism were measured using the 133Xenon modification of the Kety-Schmidt technique. Fentanyl produced a dose-related decrease in both the CBF and the CMRo2. CBF and CMRo2 were maximally depressed by 50 and 35%, respectively, in rats given fentanyl 100 micrograms/kg compared with nitrous oxide-oxygen ventilated controls. The values for CBF and CMRo2 were 168 +/- 15 ml . 100 g-1 . min-1 and 10.3 +/- 0.7 ml . 100 g-1 . min-1, respectively in the nitrous oxide controls compared with 85 +/- 3 ml . 100 g-1 . min-1 and 7.1 +/- 0.1 ml . 100 g-1 . min-1 in animals receiving fentanyl 100 micrograms/kg. Higher doses of fentanyl did not further decrease either CBF or CMRo2 (108 +/- 12 ml . 100 g-1 . min-1 and 7.0 +/- 0.4 ml . 100 g-1 . min-1, respectively for fentanyl 400 micrograms/kg); however, seizures activity was noticed in about 25% of the rats receiving either 200 or 400 micrograms/kg fentanyl. The seizures seemed to be related to the narcotic in that they could be abolished by injections of naloxone. The seizure activity appeared to increase the CMRo2 relative to animals who received the same dose of fentanyl but did not have seizures. The CBF was not affected. The results confirm that narcotics in high enough doses may depress the CBF and CMRo2. PMID- 7137621 TI - An unusual complication of esophageal obturator airway (EOA). PMID- 7137622 TI - Lubrication of tracheal tubes to prevent sore throat from intubation. PMID- 7137623 TI - Air embolism during radical hysterectomy. PMID- 7137624 TI - An erroneous CVP with the triple-lumen catheter in a short patient. PMID- 7137625 TI - Improved draping for pulmonary-artery catheterization. PMID- 7137619 TI - Erythrocyte membrane expansion due to the volatile anesthetics, the 1-alkanols, and benzyl alcohol. AB - The extent to which semiturgid red cells could enter the tip of a glass micropipette of approximately 1-microgram internal diameter was used to measure the area expansion of freshly drawn erythrocytes. The pipette was mounted in a gas-tight glass observation chamber so that one single cell at a time could be observed while it was being perfused, either with buffer alone or with buffer containing an anesthetic at physiologic concentration. The effect of the drugs was studied at room temperature at doses of 1, 2, and 4 times ED50 for tadpoles. The drugs studied were: halothane, methoxyflurane, diethyl ether, fluroxene, isoflurane, hexanol, heptanol, octanol, decanol, dodecanol, tridecanol, tetradecanol, hexadecanol, and benzyl alcohol. The measured expansion closely approximated the expansion expected by incorporation of the molecules. Tetradecanol and hexadecanol are not anesthetic to tadpoles, but they did expand the membrane. Therefore, expansion may not be related to anesthesia. PMID- 7137626 TI - Relevance of plasma histamine levels to hypotension. PMID- 7137627 TI - Collapse after epidural injection following inadvertant dural perforation. PMID- 7137629 TI - Succinylcholine in Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome. PMID- 7137628 TI - Additional causes of postoperative complications in premature infants. PMID- 7137630 TI - Double, double: arrow introducer kits are self-sealing. PMID- 7137631 TI - Toil and trouble: people fail more often than equipment. PMID- 7137632 TI - [Changes in the activity of protease inhibitors during thoracic tuberculosis surgery under combined anesthesia]. PMID- 7137633 TI - [Changes in pulmonary function in children with funnel chest]. PMID- 7137634 TI - [Oxygen regimen during hyperbaric oxygenation and its effect on cardiac output]. PMID- 7137635 TI - [Effect of fluorocarbon oxygenation of blood (bench studies)]. PMID- 7137636 TI - [Changes in heparin-thrombogenic protein complexes in patients with acquired heart defects during surgery with assisted circulation]. PMID- 7137637 TI - [Diagnostic role of erythrocyte adenine nucleotide levels after surgery under assisted circulation]. PMID- 7137638 TI - [Effect of plasma substitutes on the rheological properties of the blood, the suspension stability of erythrocytes and microcirculation in patients subjected to surgery for mitral valve stenosis]. PMID- 7137639 TI - [Role of the changes in alveolar ventilation and pulmonary circulation in the development of postoperative arterial hypoxemia]. PMID- 7137641 TI - [Blood osmolarity and its correction in critical patients]. PMID- 7137640 TI - [Hemodynamics in children with severe croup]. PMID- 7137642 TI - [Combined intravenous hypnoanalgesia without inhalation anesthetics]. PMID- 7137644 TI - [Hemostasis system in patients with bile duct diseases undergoing surgery under peridural anesthesia and neuroleptanalgesia]. PMID- 7137643 TI - [Analgesic effect of electroacupuncture during surgery of the bile ducts]. PMID- 7137645 TI - [Interaction between alcohol and local anesthetics]. PMID- 7137646 TI - [Method of teaching the puncture of the peridural space]. PMID- 7137647 TI - [Evaluation of complications of subclavian vein catheterization]. PMID- 7137648 TI - [Hormonal and metabolic reactions to surgery during combined anesthesia with pentazocine and seduxen]. PMID- 7137649 TI - [Radioisotopic angiography: its use in the hospital practice of angiology and vascular surgery]. PMID- 7137650 TI - [Arterial injuries]. PMID- 7137651 TI - [Extra-anatomical revascularization of the lower limbs. (1): I. Crossed femoro femoral bypass]. PMID- 7137652 TI - Extra-anatomic bypass operation for aorto-iliac disease in poor risk cardio pulmonary patients. AB - Three years experience with subcutaneous axillo-femoral and bifemoral bypass surgical procedures has been outlined in patients with poor cardio-pulmonary and other risk related factors. Special emphasis has been made regarding technical consideration; advantages and disadvantages have been discussed. There were 49 limbs at risk in this group of 27 patients requiring axillo-bifemoral in 22, and axillo-unifemoral in 5. Sixty-three percent of patients had associated arteriosclerotic heart disease and 48% had severe emphysema. There were 3 peri operative deaths for 11% hospital mortality and 3 late deaths (12.5%). Six of the remaining patients for whom long term follow-up is available, acute graft thrombosis occurred in 3 patients salvaged by graft thrombectomy and 4 patients had late thrombosis resulting in 3 permanent graft failures. Two patients required above the knee amputation. Limb salvage and relief of lower extremity ischemic pains has been gratifying. During the limited follow-up period from 1-36 months (Mean 18) there is 87% patency rate for 43 grafts to 43 limbs. PMID- 7137654 TI - Arterial segmentation of the human spleen by post-mortem angiograms and corrosion casts. AB - In a series of seventy adult human spleens, obtained from embalmed dissecting room cadavers and post-mortem bodies, the extrasplenic division and intrasplenic architecture of the terminal branches of the splenic artery and of its polar arteries were studied via extrasplenic dissection, angiograms and injection corrosion casts. The results showed that the splenic artery is divided into two (85.7%), or three (14.3%) primary branches, each of which is subdivided, mostly, into two to four secondary branches. Moreover, a superior polar artery (60.0%) and inferior polar arteries (80.0%) are given from the splenic trunk or from one of its primary branches. The human spleen is divided accordingly into two or three main arterial segments, separated by a definite avascular plane. Also, a rather constant avascular plane separated the polar segments from the remaining of the organ. Each main segment is also subdivided, usually into two to four less constant secondary segments, the architecture of which and the avascular planes between them are very variable. The findings of this study and other relative studies consist the anatomical basis for highly conservative surgical management, as an alternative to splenectomy, in cases of splenic rupture. PMID- 7137653 TI - Minoxidil in severe and moderately severe hypertension, in association with methyldopa and chlortalidone. AB - Minoxidil is a potent antihypertensive drug widely used in severe arterial hypertension and in that refractory to treatment. Its effectiveness in less severe forms of hypertension was evaluated in 15 patients who had either a severe to moderate arterial hypertension not previously treated, or who did not tolerate the side effects of other antihypertensive drugs. The usefulness of methyldopa and chlortalidone to prevent a potential minoxidil-induced tachycardia and fluid retention, respectively, was also tested. The patients were initially treated with chlortalidone 100 mg/day, and methyldopa 500 mg/day. Minoxidil was then given in increasing doses until the diastolic blood pressure was equal to or inferior to 90 mmHg. This occurred consistently at doses which ranged from 5 to 50 mg/day (average, 29 mg). Treatment with minoxidil was continued for four months; tolerance to the drugs was not observed. Low doses of methyldopa and chlortalidone were effective in controlling the tachycardia and the retention of sodium and water induced by minoxidil. The three associated drugs were well tolerated and the life quality improved in most patients. Hypertrichosis was the most consistent side effect. Two patients were withdrawn from the study after the blood pressure was controlled by minoxidil, because of the appearance of angor in one, and edema and heart failure in the other. PMID- 7137655 TI - Accelerated idioventricular rhythm in a young normal male. PMID- 7137656 TI - Upper extremity thrombosis: etiology and prognosis. AB - Upper extremity thrombosis is responsible for 1-2% of all cases of deep venous thrombophlebitis (DVT). Little has changed concerning the clinical presentation, diagnostic investigation, or treatment of the disorder over the last forty years. However, a changing pattern in the natural history of the disease seems to be emerging with the advent of more invasive procedures and prolonged medical care of critically-ill individuals. Case histories of sixteen (16) patients with seventeen (17) episodes of upper extremity thrombosis are reviewed. Fewer cases of "primary" thrombosis, and fewer acute or chronic sequelae were noted in the present study than would be implied in previous reviews of the subject. It is our opinion that DVT of the upper extremity, especially when due to "secondary" thrombosis, is a more benign and self-limiting disease than has been traditionally reported. PMID- 7137657 TI - [Control of reproducibility with patients' specimens]. PMID- 7137658 TI - [Biochemical aspects of amniotic fluid aspiration]. AB - The authors propose a simple, quick and reliable biochemical method for diagnosis of amniotic aspiration in the newborn infant. The optical density of the infant's first urine is determined at 420, 390 and 405 nm. A urinary meconial index (IMU) is computed from these values. A meconial amniotic inhalation must be suspected if this index is greater than one. The presence of coproporphyrins identified in urine of infants having inhaled meconial amniotic fluid seems to be at the origin of the spectral characteristics of pathological urines. PMID- 7137659 TI - [Pulmonary immunology]. AB - Knowledge of pulmonary immunology is essential to the understanding of certain respiratory diseases. The airways and alveolar zones may be seen separately and in contrast on the basis of the immune system of the lung. Broadly speaking, within the airways there are mast cells, polynuclear eosinophil and lymphocytes. By contrast in the alveolar zones there are macrophages and lymphocytes which are either free in the alveolar lumen or present in the pulmonary interstitial tissue, as well as lymphocytes. In most instances inhaled antigens are not at the origin of an immune response, whether deposited on the mucociliary surface or phagocytosed by the alveolar macrophage. The BALT play a probably primordial role in immune information within the tracheobronchial epithelium. The immune response occurs in the airways in the form of the secretion of secretory A immunoglobulins, whilst in the alveolus phagocytosis by the alveolar macrophage represents the principal means of defence. Such phagocytosis only rarely gives rise to inflammatory phenomena which would impair alveolar function. Finally, the collection of bronchoalveolar washings is a technique which may be used to collect immunocompetent cells of principally alveolar origin for the purpose of their study. PMID- 7137660 TI - [Various amniotic studies in the assessment of fetal pulmonary maturity]. AB - The need for knowledge concerning foetal pulmonary maturity has led biochemists to develop a number of techniques based upon knowledge of amniotic phospholipids. Study of these phospholipids of foetal pulmonary origin is possible using biochemical and physical methods. The former include the L/S (Lecithin/sphingomyelins) ratio, as well as the measurement of total lecithins, or the palmitic acid/stearic acid ratio (P/S). Physical methods are based upon surface tension (Clements test) or fluidity (measurement of microviscosity by polarization of fluorescence) properties of phospholipids. Combination of several reproducible, sensitive and reliable tests (E/S ratio, microviscosity, Clements test) provides adequate information concerning foetal pulmonary maturity. PMID- 7137661 TI - [International system of units]. PMID- 7137662 TI - [A comparison of midazolam and diazepam for intramuscular premedication]. AB - Two groups of 27 individuals--12 males and 15 females each--were constituted thanks to the envelopes technique. The first group received 10 mg of midazolam and the second 15 mg of diazepam as an intramuscular premedication, 30 minutes before a surgical operation. Sedation of preoperatoire anxiety was relevant in 26 subjects after midazolam and in 11 after diazepam (p less than 0,001). Amnesia related to the different times of the operative procedure was more frequent in the midazolam group than in the diazepam group: 70 p. 100 versus 4 p. 100 for the arrival into the operating room (p less than 0,001) and 96 p. 100 versus 78 p. 100 for the recovery on operating table (p less than 0,05). The effects on blood pressure, pulse rate and respiratory rate are not significantly different in both groups: neither is the local and general tolerance. Considering its greater efficiency with a similar tolerance, midazolam as compared with diazepam can be regarded as a superior intramuscular premedicant. PMID- 7137663 TI - [Anaphylactic shock induced by suxamethonium]. AB - The authors have studied 18 cases of anaphylactic shock due to suxamethonium which occurred in eastern France during the period 1972-1980. The drug responsible was succinyl iodide in 15 cases and succinyl chloride in 3. Significant contributing factors were previous drug allergy, spasmophilia and skin hypersensitivity to histamine. Five subjects had never been previously anaesthetized. The predominant clinical symptoms were cardiovascular collapse (72 p. cent), cutaneous and mucous symptoms (72 p. cent) and bronchospasm (33 p. cent). Cardiac arrest was observed in 5 patients; it was postanoxic in 3 cases and primary in 2. The diagnosis of anaphylaxis was based on the simultaneous positivity of at least two of the specific immunoallergic tests: intradermal reaction to a 10(-5) to 10(-3) dilution of the drug; Prausnitz-Kustner test with Parish's variant and human basophil degranulation test. If only one test was positive, this had to be confirmed on two or even three occasions. Thus, 6 patients were tested once, 9 patients were tested twice and 3 patients were tested 3 times. In case of genuine anaphylaxis, suxamethonium must definitely be avoided, and the subject should be provided with an allergy card. PMID- 7137666 TI - [Assessment of acute respiratory failure: shunt versus alveolar arterial oxygen difference]. AB - Information provided by computation of shunt and alveolar arterial oxygen differences have been compared in 58 episodes of acute respiratory failure. In order to demonstrate the role of hemodynamic factors on pulmonary gas exchange, we compared blood gas measurements made in 29 patients with a high cardiac output and a reduced arteriovenous oxygen difference [C(a--v-)O2 less than 3.5 ml], with 33 measurements corresponding to a low cardiac output and a widened C(a--v-)O2 (greater than 6.5 ml). When the data was pooled together, the same P(A--a)O2 corresponded to many different shunt values, depending on the level of mixed venous oxygenation (PV-O2). QS/Qtot and P(A--a)O2 were quasi linearly correlated only when they corresponded to patients with the same C(a--v-)O2. For the same value of shunt, the PaO2 was always raised when the PV-O2 was raised. As far as pulmonary gas exchange is concerned, shunt calculation in acute respiratory failure is preferable to P(A--a)O2, especially when some hemodynamic disturbance is present. PMID- 7137665 TI - [Fluid loading in the surgical care of pheochromocytoma. Hemodynamic study]. AB - Collapse following removal of pheochromocytoma can be usually prevented by fluid loading. Fluid infusion is administered at the early beginning of the surgical procedure and is accelerated just after removal. Some authors prefer to start the fluid infusion in the preoperative period. In every cases preload measurements are of primary importance for a safely fluid administration. Problems of fluid loading in course of pheochromocytoma surgery are studied in six patients. Hemodynamic data are collected during pre, per and postoperative periods. Pre and post operative rapid fluid loading was performed in three patients in order to obtain a left ventricular function curve. Before any fluid treatment, two groups of patients are distinguished: 1) five hypovolemic patients who are about to receive 1 000 +/- 300 ml to normalize pulmonary wedge pressure, 2) one patient with high pulmonary wedge pressure and with alterated myocardial performance observed during rapid fluid loading. Combined use of sodium nitroprusside and fluid loading allowed to control hypertensive accesses and preload elevations and to prevent collapse following tumor removal. Hypovolemia and myocardial lesions are not necessarily present in all cases of pheochromocytoma. The routine use of a pulmonary artery catheter is warranted to improve cardiac pump function by combined fluid and vasodilator management. PMID- 7137664 TI - [Use of a ternary mixture of local anaesthetics for peridural anaesthesia during urgent caesarean operation. Report on 125 cases]. AB - 125 caesarean operations are conducted under peridural anaesthesia with a mixture of local anaesthetics containing per milliliter: 2.5 mg of bupivacaine, 2.5 mg of etidocaine, 12.5 mg of lidocaine, and 5.10(-6) epinephrine. The dose injected is 23.37 +/- 1.98 ml, the volume necessary for blocking a metamer being 1.18 +/- 0.10 ml/segment. Satisfactory analgesia is obtained in 119 cases (95.2 p. cent), with adequate muscle relaxation in all cases. Block anaesthesia occurs after 5.81 +/- 0.67 min, last 197 +/- 62 min, and enable incision after 8.80 +/- 2.55 min with extraction of the infant after 13.72 +/- 2.85 min in 25 "extremely urgent" cases. Apgar is 8.98 +/- 1.62 after one minute and 9.68 +/- 1.31 after five minutes. These results prove that under perfect circumstances it is possible to get out the baby in about ten minutes. PMID- 7137667 TI - [Transthoracic electrical impedance plethysmography and thermodilution: comparative evaluation of two methods for cardiac output measurement in man]. AB - The measurement of cardiac output by electrical impedance plethysmography (non invasive technic) seems to be attractive but is still the subject of a certain number of critics. The authors have tried to compare it with a method which validity is well documented, the thermodilution. By these two methods, 87 measures of cardiac output have been performed in 14 hospitalized patients in intensive care, attained of various affections but exempts of cardiac or pulmonary lesions and in stable hemodynamic state. The stroke volume measured by electrical impedance plethysmography is calculated using Kubicek's formula: SV = Q (L2/Zo2) (dz/dt min) t. Results were as follows: absence of significative difference between the coefficients of variation of each series of measures (coefficient of mean variation, 5,6 +/- 3,4 p. cent for impedance and 3,8 +/- 3,2 p. cent for thermodilution); absence of significative difference between the mean values of cardiac output (7,59 +/- 2,69 l . min-1 for impedance and 7,72 +/- 1,99 l . min-1 for thermodilution); highly significant correlation between values for cardiac output obtained for each of these two methods )r = 0,804; n = 87; p less than 0,001). The authors conclude that in patients in intensive care whose pulmonary or cardiovascular system is not in critical situation, the electrical impedance plethysmography appear as a secure method for cardiac output measurement. However its generalisation still require other works. PMID- 7137668 TI - Futility of skull radiography for nontraumatic conditions. AB - Indications for post-traumatic skull radiographs have been well publicized, and "high-yield" criteria have been established. Such criteria have not been established for patients without trauma. We report a review of 157 consecutive skull series taken for nontraumatic conditions. Skull radiography was found to be extremely "low yield" in the evaluation of the nontraumatized patient--only 4.5% of the films showed significant abnormalities related to the patient's diagnosis. Moreover, regardless of radiographic results, skull films had little impact on further diagnostic workup or on patient management. Our results suggest that more stringent criteria should be considered in ordering skull radiographs for nontraumatic indications. PMID- 7137669 TI - Emergency medical service utilization by the elderly. AB - The growing number of aged in the United States will continue to increase the demand for medical services, including emergency care. In a medium-sized city, 22% of 14,400 emergency medical service responses were to patients over 65 years of age. Of the elderly, those over 75 years were more likely to call EMS than were those between 65 and 74 years old. Men used the service more often than did women. Men were more likely to suffer a cardiac condition; women, an injury. Elderly patients were 1.7 times more likely to require paramedic-accompanied transportation to hospital. PMID- 7137670 TI - Telephone notification of relatives of emergency and critical care patients. AB - Inconsistency in contacting the families of acutely ill patients can negatively affect relatives and induce stress in emergency department staff. Role clarification and performance guidelines are discussed in the context of a telephone notification of relatives checklist, with staff advised in six specific interventions to facilitate consistency; promote clarity; and prevent fears and fantasies, potential misunderstanding, reckless driving, and feelings of helplessness. PMID- 7137671 TI - Myocardial infarction following electrical injury. AB - Reported is a case of myocardial infarction following electrical injury in a previously healthy 57-year-old man. After coming into contact with high tension electrical current, the patient noted chest pain and electrical burns to his extremities. An electrocardiographic diagnosis of inferior wall myocardial infarction was made in the emergency department and was later substantiated by cardiac enzyme and angiographic studies. Although myocardial infarction following electrical injury has rarely been reported in the literature, most cases of severe electrical injury probably warrant cardiac monitoring. PMID- 7137672 TI - Injection of household spray insecticide. AB - During a three-week period, two patients who had attempted suicide by injecting themselves with commercially available household spray insecticides were seen in our emergency department. Both presented with cellulitis at and adjacent to the injection sites, and both were admitted for intravenous antibiotics, warm soaks, and elevation. In both patients abscesses subsequently developed in the areas of cellulitis. It is not clear whether the pathologic processes in these two patients were primarily due to inoculation of microorganisms or to the effects of the insecticide per se. PMID- 7137674 TI - Electrical injuries: pathophysiology and emergency management. PMID- 7137673 TI - Pain insensitivity in psychosis. AB - Three cases of psychosis associated with pain insensitivity are reported. Two patients were diagnosed as schizophrenic, while one patient was diagnosed as manic. In each case, because of pain insensitivity, the underlying medical condition was not apparent. These cases resulted in a diagnostic pitfall, death, and a medicolegal suit. The patient who died was given haloperidol, a drug that may have analgesic activity. Pain complaints of manic and schizophrenic patients should be evaluated with great care. PMID- 7137675 TI - Duration of training in emergency medicine residencies. PMID- 7137677 TI - Emergency venous access and cannulation. PMID- 7137678 TI - Removal of 100-watt electric bulb from rectum. PMID- 7137676 TI - Catheter introducers for hypovolemic patients. PMID- 7137679 TI - Traumatic evisceration of intestinal loops through the anus. AB - A case of traumatic evisceration of intestinal loops through the anus in a young child is presented. This unusual injury took place in a swimming pool and was brought about when a negative pressure applied to the child's perineum by the suction pump created a pressure differential of sufficient force to cause the injury. Surgical management of the case is discussed. PMID- 7137680 TI - Trauma care. PMID- 7137681 TI - The Urban Emergency Department. PMID- 7137683 TI - "Heimlich maneuver" for near-drowning questioned. PMID- 7137682 TI - Pain and spotting in pregnant 16-year-old. PMID- 7137685 TI - Endotracheal tip position in the arrested patient. PMID- 7137684 TI - Metoprolol overdose. PMID- 7137686 TI - Canine cerebral cortical blood flow and vascular resistance post cardiac arrest. AB - seven dogs were anesthetized and instrumented for determination of central venous pressure (CVP), arterial pressure, intracranial pressure (ICP), left atrial pressure (LAP), and frontal cerebral cortical blood flow by the thermal method. A catheter was introduced into the venous return of the cerebral confluence to allow determination of cerebral A-V oxygen saturation differences. The animals were placed on cardiac bypass using a circuit from the right atrium to the pulmonary artery, and a second circuit from the left ventricular apex to the left femoral artery. A heat exchanger was used to maintain a constant blood temperature of 37 C in the output of the left-side bypass circuit. All animals were heparinized during bypass. Ventricular fibrillation was induced after completion of the bypass surgery. Two dogs served as controls for stability of the measured parameters on prolonged bypass. Pre-arrest determinations of hemoglobin, cerebral cortical blood flow, and cerebral A-V oxygen saturation differences were taken. Full circulatory arrest was carried out for 20 minutes in 5 dogs by shutting off the cardiac bypass. Resuscitation was achieved by resumption of bypass perfusion. Acid-base balance was corrected and pre-arrest perfusion pressures were achieved and maintained for 90 minutes. All pressure parameters were monitored continuously. Pre-arrest determinations were repeated at 20, 40, 60, and 90 minutes post resuscitation. A 50% reduction in cerebral cortical blood flow 20 minutes post resuscitation progressed to near zero flow 90 minutes post resuscitation. The changes in net cerebral perfusion pressure produced by the slowly rising intracranial pressure do not account for this flow reduction. Calculation of cerebral vascular resistance reveals a ten-fold increase in resistance post-arrest and -resuscitation. PMID- 7137687 TI - Comparison of peak expiratory flow and FEV1 admission criteria for acute bronchial asthma. AB - One hundred nine episodes of acute bronchial asthma were studied utilizing PEFR and FEV1 measurements to determine objective patient disposition criteria. Of patients with both a pre-treatment PEFR less than 100 L/min, and a post-treatment value less than 300 L/min, 92% required admission or had an unsuccessful OPD course. Of patients with a pre-treatment PEFR less than 100 L/min and an improvement less than 60 L/min after initial terbutaline, 85% were admitted or had problems after discharge. PEFR correlated well with FEV1 at all stages of treatment. PMID- 7137688 TI - Mouth-to-mask ventilation: a superior method of rescue breathing. AB - Tidal volumes achieved using endotracheal intubation with a self-inflating bag were compared to those achieved with the esophageal obturator airway, a bag-valve mask system, and mouth-to-mask ventilation in an experimental model employing 18 unskilled and 4 partially skilled rescuers. When compared to mean tidal volumes achieved with endotracheal intubation (1,193 ml with unskilled, 942 ml with semi skilled rescuers), ventilation with the bag-valve-mask system was significantly less (509 and 495 ml tidal volumes) and was, in fact, well below the value of 800 ml recommended for rescue breathing. Mouth-to-mask ventilation produced tidal volumes (1,093 ml and 1,200 ml) not significantly different from those seen with endotracheal intubation. If clinical findings confirm these experimental results, mouth-to-mask ventilation should replace the bag-valve-mask system in the initial management of respiratory arrest. PMID- 7137690 TI - Fractured femurs in pediatric patients. PMID- 7137689 TI - Use of the emergency department observation unit in the treatment of acute asthma. AB - Because asthmatics have the highest utilization rate (11%) kin our emergency department (ED) observation unit (OU), we conducted a study correlating predictors of the need for OU therapy to initial disposition (ID) and final disposition (FD) using chart audit of treated asthmatics. Twenty-four clinical variables. (historical, physiological, laboratory, therapy response) were examined utilizing chi-square and Student's t tests. Forty-six asthmatics were treated during a four-month period in 1980. The ID breakdown was as follows: 1) home, 17; 2) OU, 23; and 3) admit, 6. Twenty-seven (59%) of the patients received treatment in the OU at some point in their attack (initial or rebound); 18 (39%) were definitively treated in the ED, and nine (20%) were admitted. The mean OU stay was 19 hours at a cost that was 34% of that incurred for a hospital admission. The FD differed from the ID in 14 of 46 (30%): 1) home, 12; 2) holding, observation, and short-term therapy, 18; and 3) admit, 16. Clinical variables correlating significantly with definitive therapy based on ID and FD were historical; symptoms greater than 24 hours, prior OU admissions, and prior hospitalizations. We conclude that the OU is appropriate, safe, and less expensive than admission; is not used for procrastination in decision making and decreases the hospitalization rate. Historical data correlated significantly with both ID and FD, while clinical variables were of little predictive value. PMID- 7137691 TI - The urban emergency department: the issue of professional responsibility. AB - The urban emergency department is routinely asked to manage not only medical emergencies, but also a great variety of social emergencies. This situation is caused in part by budgetary constraints which prevent other agencies from providing 24-hour coverage. In an age of instant access to computerized information, these conditions often result in ethical and legal problems of extreme complexity. A case is presented which raises the issues of confidentiality and liberty in the fiduciary relationship between doctor and patient. The concept of personal care is found to be paramount. PMID- 7137692 TI - The certification examination in emergency medicine: an update. AB - The 1977 field test and first administration of the American Board of Emergency Medicine certification examination produced data which support the assumption upon which it was originally developed. A total of 22 fourth-year medical students, 36 emergency medicine residents, and 36 emergency physicians participated in the field test held in Lansing, Michigan. The examination was found to be highly reliable, to distribute scores among groups according to presumed competence, and to support the concept of treating the examination as a total instrument rather than one subdivided by content areas. Patient management problems were found to be inefficient as a test format. The first administration of the examination, which tested 616 candidates, confirmed the original field test findings. PMID- 7137693 TI - Toxic shock syndrome. AB - Three cases of toxic shock syndrome are presented. All exhibited hypotension and involvement of three or more organ systems. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in all cases. All patients recovered without sequelae. The etiology, clinical features, differential diagnosis, therapy, and preventive measures are discussed. PMID- 7137694 TI - The psychiatric will. A new mechanism for protecting persons against "psychosis" and psychiatry. PMID- 7137695 TI - The importance of Herrnstein's mathematical statement of the law of effect for behavior therapy. PMID- 7137696 TI - Status of minority curricula and training in clinical psychology. PMID- 7137697 TI - Ethical and legal considerations in marital and family therapy. PMID- 7137698 TI - Trends in counseling and psychotherapy. PMID- 7137699 TI - The federal budget and the New Federalism. Trends affecting mental health. PMID- 7137700 TI - Interview with Birch Bayh. Interview by Jerome E. Singer. PMID- 7137702 TI - Public health and psychology. An important, expanding interaction. PMID- 7137701 TI - Cerebral plurality and the unity of self. PMID- 7137703 TI - The second revolution in health. Health promotion and its environmental base. PMID- 7137704 TI - The potential for public health psychology. PMID- 7137705 TI - The public health psychologist. An ounce of prevention is not enough. PMID- 7137707 TI - Perspectives on the interface between psychology and public health. PMID- 7137706 TI - Psychologists in schools of public health. Current status, future prospects, and implications for other health settings. PMID- 7137708 TI - Toward a viable community health psychology. Caveats from the experiences of the community mental health movement. PMID- 7137709 TI - University-based continuing education and mental health system change. PMID- 7137710 TI - An appeal to the APA for a division of family therapy. PMID- 7137711 TI - More on the right to refuse treatment. PMID- 7137712 TI - Recent trends in vascular access. PMID- 7137714 TI - Distal esophageal perforation: esophageal exclusion using a modified Sengstaken Blakemore tube. PMID- 7137713 TI - Abdominal trauma: the limited role of peritoneal lavage. AB - Abdominal trauma was reviewed in 103 cases: 88 (85%) resulted from blunt trauma and 15 (15%) from penetrating trauma. Of the 88 cases of blunt abdominal trauma, 22 were felt to have significant intra-abdominal injuries on clinical evaluation alone. On exploration, 20 (91%) had significant injuries, one had a trivial injury, and one had negative exploration. Peritoneal lavage was performed on 66 of the 88 cases of blunt trauma. The results were positive in 36 cases. On exploration, 23 had significant injuries, nine had trivial injuries, and four had negative laparotomies. Twenty-eight lavages were negative; 26 were managed successfully without exploratory laparotomy, but two had significant injuries. Two patients had insignificant return from peritoneal lavage; both had positive laparotomies. Fourteen of 15 patients with penetrating abdominal trauma were managed by exploratory laparotomy and one was observed after negative lavage. Five of six patients explored for gunshot wounds had significant injuries. Of the eight patients explored for stab wounds, only two had significant injuries. PMID- 7137715 TI - Sepsis-induced depression of phagocytosis in experimental canine peritonitis. AB - Experimental canine peritonitis was produced in 14 dogs by appendiceal ligation. Phagocytic activity in blood and peritoneal fluid was examined during the peritonitis and following surgical intervention. In nine dogs, the gangrenous appendix was resected after 43 hours, the peritoneal cavity was irrigated, and fibrinous exudate debrided. The remaining five dogs were not tested. Leukocytes in blood and peritoneal fluid were counted preligation and at 24, 43, 46, and 55 hours postligation. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) predominated. Phagocytosis and killing of Candida tropicalis by blood and peritoneal PMNs were assayed by a coverslip method. As sepsis progressed, phagocytosis by blood PMNs declined and at 43 hours was 60 per cent of the preoperative level. After resection of the gangrenous appendix, phagocytic activity returned to 90 per cent of preoperative levels at 12 hours postresection. Peritoneal PMNs exhibited a similar, but more depressed pattern of phagocytic activity. Phagocytosis in five sham-operated dogs was unchanged. Thus, phagocytosis by blood and peritoneal PMNs was depressed in peritonitis and was restored following surgical treatment. PMID- 7137717 TI - Closure of Hartmann's procedure: a technical note. PMID- 7137716 TI - Alteration of pulmonary vascular resistance in hemorrhagic shock following resuscitation with crystalloid vs. colloid solution. PMID- 7137718 TI - The difficult exploration for hyperparathyroidism: the missing fourth gland. PMID- 7137719 TI - Biopsy of peripheral lymph nodes. AB - This retrospective study reviews 653 patients who had peripheral lymph node biopsies for purposes of diagnosis from 1973 to 1977. Overall, 56 per cent of the nodes had benign lesions, 29 per cent had carcinoma, and 15 per cent had lymphoma. Supraclavicular nodes had the highest incidence of metastatic carcinoma (54%), and inguinal nodes had the highest incidence of reactive hyperplasia or lymphadenitis (71%). Detailed distribution according to histological subtypes, age, and sex of patients are presented. Statistically, age is the most useful factor in estimating the probability of whether the lymphadenopathy is due to benign or malignant process. The chance that lymph adenopathy is due to malignant lymphoma is relatively constant among all age groups (11-16). However, the majority of patients younger than 30 years old had Hodgkin's disease, while older patients were more likely to have non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. PMID- 7137720 TI - Modified radical mastectomy for carcinoma of the breast. AB - The technique of modified radical mastectomy (total mastectomy and axillary dissection) as carried out by members of the Breast Service at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center is presented. As described by Patey, the pectoralis minor muscle is removed to facilitate dissection of the upper levels of the axilla. Care is taken to preserve the principal neurovascular bundle to the pectoralis major muscle. Indications for and complications of the procedure are indicated, with particular emphasis given to selection of patients for modified radical mastectomy or radical mastectomy. PMID- 7137721 TI - Anaphylactic shock following protamine administration. AB - A severely debilitating anaphylactic reaction occurred in a diabetic when protamine was injected following carotid endarterectomy. The patient had been taking neutral protein Hagedorn (NPH) insulin for several months. Neural and humoral pathways have been well documented as being responsible for its cardiovascular effects; however, little attention has been given to the immunologic mediations of protamine action. On the basis of this report, we suggest that caution is warranted when protamine is administered to patients who may have been sensitized by previous injections. This applies to diabetics, certain blood donors, and previous cardiac surgery patients. Skin testing and specific premedications may be indicated to avoid disastrous consequences. PMID- 7137722 TI - Ontogeny of heparin in mammals: a correlation with the appearance of mast cells in tissues. PMID- 7137723 TI - [Lethal osteogenesis imperfecta. Anatomopathologic (optical and structural) study of 8 autopsy cases]. AB - A pathologic review of lethal osteogenesis imperfecta was performed based in nine cases and mainly concerning eight cases with total postmortem study. One of the cases was classified as type III while all other were of type II. Emphasis is made on the high rate of prematurity, small for date and podalic presentation at birth. In those six cases of lower age lung hypoplasia was present. Well known findings in membranous or enchondral bones were confirmed in this series. Long bones showed characteristic bowings related to the nutrient artery point of entry. Among bone collagen fibres some of them were anomalous in shape or thickness but with normal striation. The only anomaly detected at the cartilaginous epiphysis was the increased wideness of the vascular channels because the existence of loose connective tissue and multivacuolated cells of unknown significance. At the growth plates the vascular channels were too much widened and of abnormal distribution. The proliferative and columnar zones showed poor cellular population and some condrocytes were abnormally vacuolated. The perichondrial ossification groove of Ranvier was absent or underdeveloped in all bones studied coexisting with epiphyseal-metaphyseal deformities. In our present cases, ocular, dental, dermal, cardiac valves and hepatic alterations have been detected. The weight increase and haematopoiesis of the liver was correlated to the hyperplasia and fibrosis of the bone marrow. PMID- 7137724 TI - [Gastroenteritis caused by Campylobacter jejuni in childhood]. AB - Fifteen patients with stool growth of "Campylobacter jejuni" are presented. In one case it was associated with growth of "Salmonella typhimurium". Fourteen cases presented as an acute gastroenteritis whereas the remainder case was considered to be an asymptomatic carrier. The incidence was 5.8%. The disease was more frequent in infancy (13 cases occurred in ages below one year). Diarrhea was the most frequent symptom (93.3%), with presence of macroscopic blood in the stool in 78.5% of these cases. In three cases the process was associated to cow's milk protein-sensitive enteropathy. Four patients were treated with erythromycin and the stool culture become negative at the end of therapy. In the untreated cases the stool culture become negative within a period from five to 15 days. In the asymptomatic carrier the stool culture become negative after a period of two months. PMID- 7137725 TI - [Report of a patient with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome caused by total deficiency of HGPRT and with normal activity in female family members]. AB - Authors present a 10 year old boy with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome with self-inflicted mutilations to the lips, tongue and interior cheek wall, partially avoided by tooth extraction. Hand lesions were prevented by arm restriction. Born with anoxia and in spite of seizures for several years and a marked muscle stiffness, he is relatively aware of his surroundings. HGPRT activity in blood and hair was nil, while the APRT activity was increased. The mother, a maternal aunt and grandmother are not carriers. Hyperuricemia measured several times and treated with allopurinol is kept between 3 and 4 mg/dl and lastly under 3 mg after increasing dosage. Some years ago, elimination of acid uric stones in urine was observed without hematuria. It seems that recently stone elimination produced pain difficult to evaluate in this patient. PMID- 7137726 TI - [Rhabdomyosarcoma of the bile ducts]. AB - Two children of two and three years old affected with biliary tract rhabdomyosarcoma are presented. In both cases the diagnostic was confirmed by anatomopathologic studies of the tumoural piece obtained by surgical extraction. Clinic evolution, surgical technic and cytostatic treatment are described been noticeable a favourable clinic development in both cases. Authors had made a bibliographic revision on the subject, pointing a minor incidence of the biliary tract in comparison with other tumour locations. PMID- 7137727 TI - [Giant epiploic cystic lymphangioma]. PMID- 7137728 TI - [Neonatal intestinal obstruction caused by bilateral polycystic ovaries]. PMID- 7137729 TI - Protection against ionizing radiation from external sources used in medicine. A report of Committee 3 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. PMID- 7137730 TI - A prospective study of chronic lung disease in cotton textile workers. AB - A cohort of both active and retired older cotton textile workers was examined prospectively over a 6-year period to establish the nature and extent of chronic lung disease. Respiratory symptoms and lung function were studied in these workers and in a group of similarly aged controls. The cotton textile workers had higher prevalence and attack rates of respiratory symptoms than did controls even with smoking habits taken into account. Chronic bronchitis developed in 16% of all cotton textile workers compared to 1% of controls over the follow-up period (p less than 0.001). The cotton workers suffered a larger loss of lung function over 6 years than did controls. Male workers lost 42 mL/yr of forced expiratory volume in 1 second, although male controls lost only 25 mL/yr (p = 0.001). Similar differences were seen in women, and in both men and women who were nonsmokers. Retired cotton textile workers had more symptoms and disability than active workers. We conclude that chronic lung disease is not only irreversible but may progress even after exposure to cotton dust has ended. PMID- 7137731 TI - D-Penicillamine therapy in progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma): a retrospective analysis. AB - In a retrospective study on progressive systemic sclerosis, we compared 73 patients who had received D-penicillamine therapy for a minimum of 6 consecutive months with 45 patients who had not received this drug. All patients had diffuse sclerodermatous skin changes and early disease (less than 3-years duration). D Penicillamine was prescribed for an average of 24 months (range, 6 to 68 months) with a maximum daily dose of 500 to 1500 mg (median, 750 mg). During a mean follow-up interval of 38 months, the degree and extent of skin thickness, determined on physical examination, decreased considerably more in the patients treated with D-penicillamine than in patients in the comparison group (p = 0.07). The rate of new visceral organ involvement was reduced in patients treated with D penicillamine, especially for the kidney (p = 0.01). Patients treated with D penicillamine had a greater 5-year cumulative survival rate (88% versus 66%, p less than 0.05). Therapy with colchicine (23 patients) or immunosuppressive agents (26 patients) was not associated with these improvements. PMID- 7137732 TI - Erythrocytosis in patients on long-term hemodialysis. AB - Erythrocytosis was seen in two men during maintenance hemodialysis therapy for end-stage renal disease secondary to apparent chronic glomerulonephritis. Nonrenal causes of erythrocytosis such as polycythemia vera, chronic hypoxemia, high-oxygen affinity hemoglobin, and hepatoma were excluded by appropriate clinical studies. A computed tomographic scan of the abdomen showed numerous renal cysts in each patient consistent with acquired cystic disease of end-stage kidneys. Peripheral serum erythropoietin levels were elevated as measured by sensitive radioimmunoassay. The findings suggest that the erythrocytosis is caused by an erythropoietic mechanism related to the diseased kidneys. A review of the literature failed to show previous reports of this clinical association. PMID- 7137733 TI - Adrenal vein epinephrine levels: a useful aid in venous sampling for primary aldosteronism. AB - We evaluated the usefulness of adrenal vein epinephrine levels as an indicator of adrenal venous dilution in seven patients with primary aldosteronism who had venous sampling. In six patients adrenal vein epinephrine levels greater than 1500 pg/mL confirmed that relatively undiluted adrenal efflux had been obtained. In another patient a low value of left adrenal vein epinephrine indicated that the sample was markedly diluted with nonadrenal blood. Measurement of epinephrine levels appears to be a useful tool for verifying successful venous sampling, particularly when cortisol and aldosterone levels from the same adrenal vein are not elevated or when deep adrenal vein cannulation cannot be confirmed radiologically. PMID- 7137734 TI - Tomographic gallium-67 citrate scanning: useful new surveillance for metastatic melanoma. AB - Conventional gallium scans are not useful to evaluate patients with metastatic melanoma. We evaluated a new method of tomographic gallium imaging. One hundred fourteen tomographic scans were obtained in a prospective surveillance study of 67 patients over a 3-year period. Scans were evaluated and compared to findings of independent clinical evaluations. Sensitivity of gallium identification of tumor involving peripheral lymph nodes and soft tissues, abdomen, mediastinum, and osseous sites was 68% to 100%; overall sensitivity of this technique is 82% with specificity of 99% in 570 organ system assessments. Analysis of discordant findings when a site was clinically occult but gallium-positive showed gallium uptake to be true-positive in six of seven lymphatic sites, three of three lung and mediastinal sites, six of six abdominal sites, but in no brain or bone sites. Gallium lesions identified by computed tomographic scans proved to be false positive at one lymphatic and one bone site, and false-negative at four otherwise clinically evident lymph node and soft tissue sites, seven pulmonary sites, and four brain sites. Gallium tomographic scanning provides a composite assessment of melanoma and may eliminate the need for other studies. PMID- 7137735 TI - Induced vasodilation as treatment for Raynaud's disease. AB - We examined the efficacy of induced vasodilation as a treatment of idiopathic Raynaud's disease. Eight persons with Raynaud's disease and seven normal persons each received 27 simultaneous pairings of hand immersion in warm water (43 degrees C) for 10 minutes with exposure of the whole body to cold (0 degrees C). A second group of seven normal persons and nine persons with Raynaud's disease received no treatments. All subjects had cold test exposures (0 degrees C) at the start and end of the study. Subjects with Raynaud's disease who received treatments showed significant increases in digital temperatures (2.2 degrees C) during the cold test compared with the values of untreated subjects with Raynaud's disease (p less than 0.05); normal subjects who had received treatments showed no difference from those who had not. Digital temperatures of subjects with Raynaud's disease after treatment increased to levels approaching those of normal subjects, although they showed lower digital temperatures during initial exposure to cold (p less than 0.01). This therapy offers a practical alternative to traditional treatments. PMID- 7137736 TI - Human brucellosis caused by Brucella canis: clinical features and immune response. AB - Human infection by Brucella canis is not often recognized due to a lack of serious consideration of the disease as a diagnostic possibility. Another factor is the limited availability of specific serologic tests needed in the absence of cross-reactivity between antibodies to B. canis and other Brucella pathogenic to humans. In addition, the organism may not be isolated from blood culture, particularly after antibiotic therapy. We report clinical and laboratory features of four patients with serologically diagnosed B. canis infection and point out the importance of specific serologic testing for B. canis when brucellosis is a diagnostic possibility. PMID- 7137738 TI - Pittsburgh pneumonia agent may be a common cause of nosocomial pneumonia: seroepidemiologic evidence. PMID- 7137737 TI - Diagnosis of bilateral adrenocortical hemorrhage by computed tomography. PMID- 7137739 TI - Byssinosis: defining cause and disability. PMID- 7137740 TI - Slow progress with scleroderma. PMID- 7137741 TI - Physicians' forecasts of medical practice: why is the glass half empty? PMID- 7137742 TI - The prevalence of skeletal surveys of patients on maintenance hemodialysis. PMID- 7137743 TI - Placebos. PMID- 7137744 TI - Nurses back to work. PMID- 7137745 TI - A foundation for hemochromatosis. PMID- 7137746 TI - Cancer chemotherapy and acral erythema. PMID- 7137747 TI - Detecting gastric malignancy after gastrectomy. PMID- 7137748 TI - Warfarin and cancer. PMID- 7137749 TI - Sigmoidoscopy and bacteremia. PMID- 7137750 TI - Hair loss and 5-aminosalicylic acid enemas. PMID- 7137751 TI - Abdominal films and corticosteroid treatment. PMID- 7137753 TI - Kaposi's sarcoma and hepatitis B vaccine. PMID- 7137752 TI - Hyperbilirubinemia and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. PMID- 7137754 TI - Hepatitis B in families. PMID- 7137755 TI - Antileprosy drugs and lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7137756 TI - Fingerstick blood sugars. PMID- 7137757 TI - Naloxone, itch, asthma, urticaria, and angioedema. PMID- 7137758 TI - [Factors of chronicity in a case of melancholia. Current nosographic problems]. PMID- 7137759 TI - [Confusion and delusion syndrome due to oxolinic acid (1)]. PMID- 7137760 TI - [Exogenous and endogenous interpretative delusions with pseudohallucinations]. PMID- 7137761 TI - [Neurologic and mental disorders in carriers of Leber's disease]. PMID- 7137762 TI - [The melancholic man and social events. Study of 1,010 records between 1900 and 1968]. PMID- 7137763 TI - [Endocervical and vaginal changes in women wearing IUD's]. AB - The authors have studied the endocervical and vaginal changes in common vaginal smears from IUD supplied women. 521 smears from IUD supplied women have been comparized with 500 "normal" smears and 210 from women affected by lesions of the cervix uteri. The results point out that the IUD seems to be the cause of two different alterations: 1) bacteriological changes; 2) cytological changes. 1) There is a noticeable increase in mixed bacterial population and trichomonas; this picture corresponds to the one in women with cervical ectopia. 2) Cytologically there is an increase in parabasal-like cells as those from areas of squamous metaplasia. The Aa. assume that probable hormonal or mechanical changes may cause a squamous metaplasia of the cervix uteri in IUD supplied women. These stimuli themselves are the probable cause of the microbial morbid variations. PMID- 7137765 TI - [A case of fibrous lymphangiectatic polyp of the palatine tonsil]. PMID- 7137764 TI - [Cholesterol bound to high density lipoproteins: critical review of the methods of analysis and personal data]. AB - It is widely known that atherosclerosis through its complication, i.e. heart and brain infarction, is at the present the main cause of death. The atherosclerotic process has been shown in correlation with hyperlipemia especially as far as the plasma lipoprotein cholesterol level is concerned. A preminent role in removing cholesterol from tissues and arterial walls then in preventing atherosclerosis is played by a specific class of plasma lipoproteins, the high density lipoproteins (HDL). Since the HDL-colesterol level seems to have an inverse correlation with the atherosclerotic disease it is of primary importance to define a reliable and reproducible technique to measure it. One of the aims of this paper was to examine the different methods now available for such a determination. This analysis has underlined the discrepancy among the reference values reported in the literature. However, all the authors agree that only the simultaneous measurement of total and HDL-colesterol levels is of prognostic value. Personal studies are here reported on the relationship between total and HDL-colesterol levels and risk factor of cardiovascular diseases. The two mentioned laboratory analyses have been performed on blood samples from 250 between male and female human subjects of different age. The obtained results show that the highest HDL colesterol concentrations determined by a lipoprotein precipitation procedure with dextran sulphate, are typical in the first ten years of life both in male and in female, while the lowest levels of plasma HDL-cholesterol have been evintiated during the fifth decade of life, when the total cholesterol and the risk of cardiovascular complications rich the highest values. In a following set of investigations, the already examined blood parameters together with the risk factor values have been examined in two groups of subjects, the first one represented by adult healthy persons the second one by patients of similar age from a cardiovascular division. The mean levels of total colesterol have been shown similar in both the experimental groups, while plasma HDL-cholesterol is significantly higher in the healthy group. This discrepancy is the cause of definitively higher risk factors in the hospitalized patients. In conclusion, the reported data furtherly stress that the total cholesterol values do not give "per se" any indication of atherogenic risk. They are useful only when examined together with the HDL-cholesterol levels. From that the opportunity to always include the determination of plasma HDL-cholesterol screening lipemic profiles. PMID- 7137766 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of precancerous lesions of the uterine cervix]. PMID- 7137767 TI - [Reliability of 3 diagnostic methods in the study of endometrial neoplastic pathology]. PMID- 7137768 TI - [Electron microscopic study of some cases of microcarcinoma of the cervix. The problem of intercellular junctions in the cervical epithelium]. PMID- 7137769 TI - [Follicular and papilliferous adenocarcinoma appearing in struma ovarii]. PMID- 7137771 TI - [Contribution of electrical examinations to choice of therapy for facial palsy sequelae]. AB - Two simple to conduct electrical examinations can assist determination of any operative procedure that could be required following peripheral facial palsies. These are percutaneous electrical stimulation of the nerve and galvanic stimulation of the muscle. These simple and reliable tests should be known to the ENT specialist, who must request them whenever necessary and be able to interpret the findings. PMID- 7137770 TI - [Acquaintance with the private clinic. Study of the use of a lay center]. PMID- 7137772 TI - [Acoustic variation after surgery for severe Bell's palsy]. AB - Auditory thresholds were studied before and after surgical decompression of the facial nerve in 35 patients following either transmastoidal (20 cases) or transmastoidal and suprapetrosal (15 cases) operations. Seventeen of the patients were under 40 years of age at the time of surgery, which did not affect hearing in the opposite ear. However, auditory threshold levels fell in the operated ear. These were of the bone conduction type, and possessed characteristics of an acute hearing lesion (maximal in the 4000 frequency range and improving progressively) of 0 to 35 dB (mean 5 dB). Possible causes of the hearing loss are discussed. PMID- 7137773 TI - [Hypoglossofacial anastomois. Analysis and results on 12 cases and comparison with results of facio facial anastomosis]. AB - Regular facial clinical testing (G. Freyss) and surface integrated electromyography was employed to quantitatively assess the course of 12 hypoglossofacial anastomoses. Recovery was complete after an average period of 4 months, the time before conducting anastomosis (2 to 14 months after onset of facial paralysis) not affecting the quality of results obtained. Age significantly influenced recuperation of remaining tone, but this was always superior to 70 p. cent in relation to the other half of the face. Motor recovery was not affected by age, and was a mean of 51 p. cent after one year (50 to 70 p. cent when compared with the normal half of the face). Lingual sequelae were minimal, early physical therapy compensating for the inevitable resulting synkinesis. Results after hypoglossofacial anastomosis are compared with those obtained by faciofacial anastomoses (published in 1980). The former is a simpler and more rapid technique which produces more constant results and leads to earlier recovery (4 instead of 9 months after faciofacial anastomosis. Tone is also improved and motility satisfactory. PMID- 7137774 TI - [Palliative surgery for facial paralysis]. AB - Palliative surgery in patients with facial paralysis can be a useful temporary measure before nerve recuperation occurs, or a definitive procedure in cases with permanent loss of the effector muscle. Valid results can be obtained in the periorbital region by performing an external blepharorraphy, together with various static or dynamic procedures for louvering of the upper eyelid. The fascia lata is usually employed to obtain suspension, reequilibrium of soft tissues being ensared by lifting and localized cutaneous resections. Marked hyperactivity on the apposing side can be reduced by selective neurectomies. PMID- 7137775 TI - [Personal experience of anaesthesia in ear surgery. Two year study]. AB - Study of 168 cases of ear surgery, from September 1979 to September 1981. Various anaesthetic protocols were compared with a view to decreasing per-operative bleeding: --in 9 cases: Fluothane --in 11 cases: Alfatesine --in 89 cases: Neuroleptanalgesia --in 39 cases: Narcozep. The various proposals for controlled hypotension are discussed and the conclusion is drawn that, regardless of the method used, the percentage of failures was essentially identical and seemed to be related more to errors in assessment of the duration of the operation than to the drug used. A corollary to this attitude was the possibility of a 25% rate in delayed post-anaesthetic recovery. PMID- 7137776 TI - [Limited resection in partial surgery for carcinoma of the larynx. Prognostic consequences and therapeutic implications]. AB - Limited resection in partial surgery for carcinoma of the larynx leads to discussion of three surgical attitudes: total surgical resection as a matter of principle, additional treatment by radiotherapy, or waiting, with the need for strict surveillance. The present study reports the results of this latter attitude adopted in 23 cases out of 24 of limited resection in a group involving 119 partial laryngectomies (vertical or horizontal) consisting of: 57 cordectomies, 20 hemilaryngectomies, 42 supraglottal laryngectomies. Results of analysis show that there was no recurrence and patients were well with a 3 year follow-up in 19 cases of limited resection out of 24. Overall survival following limited resection was identical to that seen after satisfactory resection, but there was a marked difference with insufficient resection (X2 significant) Following partial laryngeal surgery involving a limit resection, it is felt to be legitimate to temporise as long as the patient can be seen regularly. Such an approach would not seem to modify the overall survival in these patients. PMID- 7137777 TI - [The influence of age on the course and prognosis of carcinomas of the larynx and hypopharynx]. AB - On the basis of clinical impressions only, the authors had felt the carcinomas of the larynx and hypopharynx were probably graver in young subjects than in the elderly, and that age was a determinant factor in therapeutic decisions. 585 records including 216 carcinomas of the piriform fossa and 369 carcinomas of the larynx were studied over a period of 8 years. This study failed to reveal any difference related to age between populations aged less than 60 years and more than 60 years, both with regard to the prevalence of carcinomas whatever the siten the presence or absence of nodes, histological spread, loco-regional prognosis and actuarial survival. The latter parameter was studied by establishing the distribution between patients aged less than 55 and those 55 and over to obtain equivalent groups in terms of numbers. Overall, the prognosis seemed to be rather better in the younger patients, which would imply a therapeutic attitude independent of age. PMID- 7137778 TI - [Surgical diathermy treatment of buccopharyngeal tumors]. AB - Surgical diathermy excision was employed to treatment 138 cases of buccopharyngeal cancer, either as initial followed by irradiation therapy, or as complementary treatment to radiotherapy in unsuccessful cases. Results were favorable in 34 patients with tonsillar carcinoma and 38 cases of soft palate cancer, but the method was only moderately effective for recurrences in these regions. In 36 cases of tongue cancer, and 30 with cancer of the floor of the mouth, this therapeutic procedure was particularly effective for treating patients not responding to radium needle implantation. PMID- 7137779 TI - [Comparative study of the significance of lymphadenopathy in carcinomas of the hypopharynx, larynx and epiglottis. 574 cases]. AB - The significance of the absence or presence of lymphadenopathy is not the same in relation to the site of the primary tumour. This study involved 574 cases, including 213 carcinomas of the piriform fossa and 361 laryngeal carcinomas, and revealed errors of omission (No - N+) in carcinomas of the piriforme fossa (50% cases) and the possibility of errors of commission (N not equal to - N - in carcinomas of the larynx. This merely confirmed the high level of lymphatic affinity of carcinomas of the piriform fossa, but at the same time emphasised the relative reliability of the clinical assessment of relevent classifications. PMID- 7137780 TI - [Treatment of carcinomas of the vallecula and epiglottis by supraglottal surgery. Indications and therapeutic results]. AB - A study of 87 cases of carcinoma of the vallecula and the epiglottis (margin and vestibulum) with the common feature of an essentially identical surgical technique: supraglottal horizontal laryngectomy. In the case of vallecular lesions (34 cases from T1 to T4) this operation, performed from below upwards with lymph node dissection and associated with postoperative radiotherapy, gave oncological results identical to those of total laryngectomy and better than those of other protocols based upon radiotherapy. From a functional standpoint, despite two deaths due to bronchopneumonia, with careful respect paid to local and general contraindications there were no prolonged problems, even if the postoperative course was somewhat longer in lesions of the epiglottis. Carcinomas of the epiglottis (53 cases) did not receive radiotherapy where resection was adequate and lymph node histology negative. The results, better than in those cases involving the vallecula, seemed to be identical to those published in the literature. Such partial surgery, with preservation of the voice, should thus be beneficial in patients suffering from such lesions, in particular when the larynx is unaffected. PMID- 7137782 TI - [Carcino-embryonic antigen assay in cancer of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts]. AB - Radioimmunological assay of carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) was performed in 238 patients with cancer of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts after a minimum follow-up period of 3 years. Secretion of CEA was observed in only 1 out of 3 cases, levels, always being low and only slightly influenced by the localization or size of the tumor, and the condition of the lymph nodes. Initial levels are of no prognostic significance. The appearance of high levels during the course of the disease corresponds to shorter survival, but as it does not precede clinical evidence of recurrence or metastases this assay cannot play a role as a tumor marker. PMID- 7137781 TI - [Circular pharyngo-laryngectomy: reconstruction by free jejunal transplant and vascular microanastomoses in a single stage. 4 cases]. AB - In a certain number of cases, extensive carcinomas of the hypopharynx require total pharyngeal resection, circular, and hence the restoration of continuity by a plastic procedure. Amongst the numerous procedures used (tubular flaps, substitution using a hollow organ), the authors opted for the use of free jejunal transplant with vascular microanastomoses in a single stage. Four cases very different in terms of their indications are reported. The postoperative course was in general very uncomplicated and characterised by the absence of either abdominal or pharyngeal infection. Swallowing became possible on about the 14th day. Vascular permeability was confirmed by arteriography in three cases and was felt to be satisfactory. This is, however, major surgery with a long operation (between 6 and 10 hours) and which at best requires the cooperation of two teams of surgeons. Indications should be considered with caution and in the present study involved only cases of widely extended pharyngeal carcinomas, with the exclusion of oesophageal involvement going beyond the pharyngo-oesophageal sphincter. PMID- 7137783 TI - Singular neurectomy update. AB - The results of a poll revealed that 96 singular neurectomies have been performed by ten surgeons in this country. Eighty-eight of these (91.7%) resulted in complete relief of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). In seven patients (7.3%) there was a sensorineural hearing loss as a result of this procedure. The average hospital stay for patients having this procedure ranged from 2-6 days, and the return to work time ranged from 1 to 3 weeks. These results indicate that singular neurectomy is an effective selective vestibular ablation procedure for BPPV and that the risks and disability are comparable to other routine middle ear procedures. The causes for failure of this procedure to relieve positional vertigo are a) misdiagnosis of BPPV and b) failure to recognize the singular nerve in the middle ear. Knowledge of the pathophysiology of the disorder and of the anatomical variation in the location of the singular canal will reduce these causes of failure. PMID- 7137785 TI - Normal neonatal brainstem auditory evoked potentials. AB - Brainstem auditory evoked potentials present a unique opportunity to assess the neuronal and auditory status of the newborn. To date, sample data have been few in number, thereby limiting their interpretive value. The present study was undertaken in an effort to accrue data generated from a large sample size. One hundred fifty-five normal neonates were tested within the first 36 hours of life. No subjects qualified for inclusion in the High Risk Register for Hearing Loss established by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Each ear was tested independently, using click stimuli at a rate of 30.1 per second at 65 dB HTL. Test runs were replicated for purposes of reliability. A run consisted of 2,000 sweeps of data, each being 10 ms in length. Identification of wave forms were assessed by two or more observers. Total agreement was required from all observers for inclusion of wave peaks for analysis. Latencies of onset of stimulus to peak were obtained. Descriptive as well as inferential statistics were computed. Results provide standardized data for comparison. PMID- 7137786 TI - Hindbrain circulation and its evaluation by dynamic computed tomography. AB - Permanent or transient reduction of blood flow to the end-organs and to the hindbrain is the single major cause of vestibular disorders and a common cause of sensorineural hearing loss. New imaging modalities have become available which allow the recognition of focal areas of hindbrain ischemia in the prestroke stage. The correlation between focal ischemic pathology and clinical findings opens a new approach to the mapping of central pathology. In addition a detailed knowledge of the vascular anatomy of the hindbrain is indispensable for the development of new microvascular surgical techniques aimed at the restoration of sufficient blood supply. PMID- 7137784 TI - Polytomography and congenital anomalies of the ear. AB - Conventional radiography and even high resolution computerized axial tomography leave much to be desired in demonstrating the minutiae of the anatomy of the temporal bone. Multidirectional tomography remains the examination of choice radiographically in cases of congenital anomalies of the temporal bone. Details of the inner, middle and even external ear in the presence of atresia are more clearly delineated by this method than any other to data. Such information is of inestimable value to the surgeon in the diagnosis and surgical correction of anomalies of the temporal bone. Important features of the vestibule, semicircular canals, cochlea, facial nerve, internal auditory canal, temporomandibular joint, pneumatization of the temporal bone, tegmen, tympanic cavity, ossicles, oval and round windows, jugular bulb and carotid artery and the external ear canal are discerned most clearly by multidirectional tomography. PMID- 7137787 TI - What can be done for the recruiting ear? AB - Probably one of the greatest problems in hearing aid fitting is to try to adapt hearing amplification to the recruiting ear. Sound is not loud enough, and then it is too loud. Microchips have permitted hearing aids to be smaller and smaller. However, they still remain either linear output- or input-compression types. Log linear amplification permits the "smart aid" to automatically decrease the gain as the input power of speech or noise increases. This together with a patented low-frequency signal processor permits maximum discrimination with minimal violation of the patient's threshold of discomfort. This is a considerable step in ameliorating the major problem of the recruiting ear. PMID- 7137788 TI - Effect of mastoid cavity modification on middle ear sound transmission. AB - The modified radical mastoidectomy and intact canal wall mastoidectomy are the two most popular procedures used today for the treatment of chronic middle ear and mastoid disease. Their effects on the anatomy of the middle ear and mastoid cavity are quite different and it might also be expected that they would modify middle ear sound transmission in different ways. This paper describes experiments with human temporal bones and a middle ear computer analog model that attempt to define acoustic differences produced by cavity modifications in these two procedures. The temporal bone studies showed that blocking the aditus (as in modified radical mastoidectomy) produced improved sound transmission in the 1,500 to 4,000-Hz range and decreased transmission below 1,000 Hz when compared to the enlarged aditus and enlarged mastoid condition (as in intact canal wall mastoidectomy). Computer model showed better transmission at all frequencies with the intact canal wall mastoidectomy simulation. PMID- 7137789 TI - The homograft tympanic membrane after 12 years. AB - The homograft tympanic membrane has been utilized in reconstructive middle ear surgery since 1968. Previous reports describing its preservation and use were published in 1971, 1972, 1976 and 1978. Throughout this time the same preservative of 70% ethyl alcohol and the same surgical technique of covering the transplant with canal skin or fascia has been employed. These transplants have been used to supplement, not replace, other grafting tissues, and to improve the graft-take rate and hearing results. The graft-take rate has averaged over 90% for the past 12 year and 98% for the past 5 years. The hearing results have been satisfactory in 69 to 95% of the cases depending on the associated ossicular reconstruction. Furthermore these results have been consistent and have not deteriorated with the passage of time. PMID- 7137791 TI - Midfacial necrotizing diseases. AB - Wegener's granulomatosis, a systemic disorder, manifests specific clinical and histopathologic findings that allow it to be separated from an unrelated group of upper airway lesions. Two of these, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and polymorphic reticulosis, are related and may in fact be variable expressions of a lymphoma. A fourth, and fortunately rare, disorder presents as a severely destructive localized lesion without any specific histopathologic findings. PMID- 7137790 TI - Lyophilized partial ossicular replacement allografts. AB - This report deals with the use of partial ossicular replacement allografts (PORAs) in the stable ear, ie, a middle ear free of any residual or recurrent disease process such as fluid, cholesteatoma, or infection. PORAs have been used by Shinn and Smith at the Ear Medical Clinic of Santa Clara Valley between July 1978 and December 1981: they are used to span the distance between the malleus and the head of the stapes or tympanic membrane. Lyophilized ethylene oxide sterilized PORAs have been available through the Northern California Transplant Bank. San Francisco, since July 1978. Twenty-four of 32 PORAs (75%) used in stable ears closed the air-bone gap within 10 dB. Of the eight ears that did not have satisfactory functional hearing, it was evident within one year and there was no further deterioration noted up to four years. These was no evidence of PORA extrusion or erosion. PMID- 7137793 TI - [Lichen purpuricus]. AB - A case of lichen purpuricus in a 19-year-old male is reported. The eruption appeared on the left hand 4 years ago, disappeared spontaneously after 2 years and reappeared later. It was characterized by a few asymptomatic, dark-red colored macules and papules, scattered and not confluent in a plaque. No clinical diagnosis could be made. Histopathological examination showed the presence in the upper dermis of a dense cellular infiltrate and of hemosiderin granules. The infiltrate was composed of lymphocytes, histiocytes and numerous extravasated red cells; it had an bandlike arrangement and was generally separated from the epidermis. On this occasion, a review of the literature and a study of the clinical and histopathological features, as well as of the etiopathogenesis of this dermatosis, are made. PMID- 7137792 TI - X-ray study of the month. Intracavernous internal carotid artery aneurysm. PMID- 7137794 TI - [Cervical Pyoderma gangrenosum: treatment by plasma exchanges]. AB - The authors report one case of Pyoderma gangrenosum whose unusual cervical localization was particularly bothering. Besides, the patient, an 18-year-old girl, had clinical symptoms of Crohn's disease confirmed by radiological investigations and bowel pathology. A benign monoclonal gammapathy and an auto immune haemolytic anaemia were also found. After four plasma exchanges Pyoderma healed rapidly, Crohn's disease stabilized and biological abnormalities disappeared. Comments and review of the literature are reported. It appears that such a case is quite exceptional, as far as clinical, biological data and therapy (plasma exchange) are concerned. PMID- 7137795 TI - [Hyperkeratosis of the keratotic plug type in patients with chronic renal failure and metabolic diseases]. AB - We have noticed in eight male patients transepithelial keratotic plugs which appeared preferentially on zones of supporting points. These plugs evoked in a more or less accurate way, Kyrle's disease or other related syndromes, particularly reactive perforating collagenosis and perforating folliculitis. Seven cases were associated with chronic and severe renal failure complicating a serious diabetes in four cases, one of them with a viral hepatitis. One case has been observed during an important denutrition with digestive disorders. PMID- 7137796 TI - [Heredity and prevention of atopy]. AB - Although clinical studies have been supplying strong arguments in favour of a hereditary transmission of atopy for a long time, the latest works have not made it possible yet to specify the biologic support of this heredity. An obvious correlation, especially, has not been demonstrated between, on the one hand, atopic ground and HLA group and, on the other hand, between a high production of total IgE and HLA group. At present, the production of specific IgE only seems to be really subordinated to the HLA system; it is likely to be the expression of complex immunological disorders of a genetic determinism. Various environmental factors will contribute, on this predisposed ground, to the disclosure or to the worsening of the atopy. Some prevention of atopy may be undertaken. Extended breast feeding, eviction of some environmental nuisance and family affective balance thus represent useful preventive measures. The influence of the date of conception and of the pregnancy and delivery conditions does not appear to be insignificant; but, there, the prevention is more difficult to set up. Finally, the counting of the IgE in the cord blood could lead to the detection of high risk newborns. PMID- 7137797 TI - [Stewart-Treves syndrome with local deficit of cellular immunity: pathogenic hypothesis]. PMID- 7137799 TI - [Existence of a morphologic duality in the oncomiracidium of Polystoimoides nabedei Kulo, 1980 parasite of the urinary bladder of Pelomedusa subrufa Lacepede, 1788 (Chelonia, Pelomedusidae)]. PMID- 7137798 TI - [Isospora from the domestic sparrow; multiplicity of species]. AB - Natural intestinal infection of Isospora in the domestic Sparrow was studied during one year on a farm in Normandy. This survey showed many species and constant multiple infections. Some species were present all year, others were found only at certain times of the year; intensity varied with species and season. Almost all of the Isosporans previously described from the Sparrow were assigned to Isospora lacazei (Labbe, 1893), but this species is shown here in to be a parasite of the Goldfinch. Twelve new species are described on the basis of morphology of fresh sporulated oocysts. The most useful characters are those of: a) the Stieda apparatus and its inclusions;' b) the polar granules (number and shape); c) the residual body (diffuse or well delineated). In addition, the size and shape of oocysts and sporocysts, the number and shape of cristalloids in the sporozoites can be used to differenciate species. The following observations were made on sporogony: a) each species develops at a particular level in the intestine but several species could be found at the same level. However there is a patchy distribution of the species such that no two species occurred in the same villus. b) synchronous excretion of oocysts noted by others was found: the first oocysts appear at the beginning of the afternoon, the last at night fall; each species was found to have a characteristic and limited period of excretion. All the species found belong to the same systematic group (Stieda apparatus "macropylar") which suggests that they arose from successive speciations from a single species and were not acquired from other passerines in the same habitat. PMID- 7137800 TI - [Redial generations of Fasciola hepatica L. in Lymnaea truncatula Muller apropos of the effects of several factors]. AB - There was a succession of 3 redial generations in 4-mm-high snails individually exposed to a single miracidium and then bred at 20 degrees C during 30 days after exposure. The geographic strain of miracidia of Fasciola hepatica had no influence on the development of these redial generations. The succession of these redial generations changed in the case of plurimiracidial exposures. In snails once exposed to high numbers of miracidia (from 5 to 20), the mean number of rediae per snail decreased affecting especially the generations 2 and 3; the maturation of rediae of generations 1 and 2 was later when the number of used miracidia was higher. The same results were found in snails individually subjected to 4 exposures with one miracidium per exposure. The significance of these observations is discussed. PMID- 7137801 TI - [Host-parasite relations of the trematode Microphallus papillorobustus (Rankin, 1940). I. Penetration of cercariae and relationship of the metacercariae with the nervous tissue of Gammarus, intermediate hosts]. PMID- 7137802 TI - [Experimental approach of the role of Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus in the focus of Schistosoma mansoni of Guadeloupe. Comparative development of S. mansoni in 2 natural hosts (R. rattus and R. norvegicus) and 2 laboratory hosts (the white mouse and the white rat)]. AB - We have studied the development of Schistosoma mansoni in two natural hosts, Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus, and in two laboratory hosts, the white Mouse and the white Rat. The study of survival shows that the percentage of cercariae recovered as adult worms four weeks after exposure is 31% in R. rattus, 27% in the white Mouse, 14% in the laboratory Rat and 12% in R. norvegicus. Twenty weeks after exposure, 62% of the Schistosomes which were present four weeks after exposure are still alive in the Mouse, 48% in R. rattus, 8% in R. norvegicus and 5% in the laboratory Rat. The study of growth shows that the average size of males eight weeks after exposure is 7 mm in the Mouse, 5.1 mm in R. rattus, 2.9 mm in the white Rat and 2.6 mm in R. norvegicus. The study of egg production shows that S. mansoni lays eggs in the four Rodents; however only mice and R. rattus eliminate fertile eggs containing infectious miracidia of S. mansoni; in R. norvegicus, as in the white Rat, the eggs of S. mansoni are not fertile and are never eliminated by the host. These results demonstrate that susceptibility is not always associated with permissivity and there is a great difference between the two natural hosts; R. norvegicus accepts S. mansoni but does not allow its transmission; R. rattus which is more favourable to growth and reproduction of S. mansoni, allows the transit and exit of fertile eggs. These experimental data indicate that R. rattus is able to play a part in the dynamics of the guadeloupean schistosomiasis focus while R. norvegicus is unable to contribute to the circulation of S. mansoni and is a decoy host for the parasite. PMID- 7137804 TI - [Preliminary observations on the ovarian state of several Tabanidae (Diptera) of the Upper-Alpes]. PMID- 7137806 TI - [Sergentomyia bernardae n. sp. (Diptera, Psychodidae) a new species collected in the Congolese Mayombe]. PMID- 7137803 TI - Transmission and scanning electron microscopical studies in the tegument of male Schistosoma mansoni after oxamniquine treatment. AB - Schistosoma mansoni recovered from experimentally infected mice orally treated with oxamniquine were studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The worms were examined 24 hours, 3, 7 and 10 days after a single dose of 100 mg/Kg of the drug. After oxamniquine treatment significant structural alterations were observed in tegumental, muscular and parenchymal levels. The initial alterations were confined to basal vacuolation in the tegument and to structural disorganization both in tegumental and non tegumental cells. Ten days after treatment, intercellular oedema became more prominent originating "bubble-like" lesions with varied dimensions. The intercellular oedema leading to the "bubble" formation seems to be the most striking feature caused by oxamniquine treatment. PMID- 7137805 TI - [Sergentomyia horridula (Diptera, Psychodidae) a new phlebotomus collected in the Mayombe (Congo)]. PMID- 7137808 TI - [Sterilization of dressings by ethylene oxide. I. Physisorption]. PMID- 7137809 TI - [Relations between structure and activity in local anesthetics. I. Amino-esters and amino-ethers]. PMID- 7137810 TI - [Study of antimicrobial activity of Anacardium occidentale L]. PMID- 7137807 TI - [Study and development of a radioimmunoassay of antidiuretic hormone sensitive at 10(-12) M]. PMID- 7137811 TI - [Antitumoral activity of culture filtrate of Basidiomycetes]. PMID- 7137812 TI - [Tobacco smoke influence on mice resistance to different viral diseases]. PMID- 7137814 TI - [Purification of plant extracts containing tannins by fermentation]. PMID- 7137813 TI - [Concerning the dosage of the alkaloids in preparation base on the Strychnos Nux vomica L. A study of the official methods french Pharmacopea 9th edition addendum number 30 (1980)]. PMID- 7137815 TI - Current concepts on the management of orbital blow-out fractures. AB - Surgical versus nonsurgical treatment of orbital blow-out fractures has been controversial in the past. In the 1950s it was advocated that all blow-out fractures be treated surgically based on the conception that extraocular muscles were blown out and trapped in the fracture hole, causing double vision and enophthalmos. Gradually, however, a shift to a more conservative approach occurred, probably because of the complications of surgery, the disappointing results in improvement of motility and enophthalmos, and the growing evidence of spontaneous improvement of double vision. This article analyzes the literature chronologically and blends this analysis with the results of a new anatomical approach to the human orbit. New theories on the mechanism of blow-out fractures are postulated. No longer is entrapment of muslces in a blow-out fracture held responsible for the severe motility problems; rather it is viewed as caused by a dysfunction of the entire motility apparatus in the fracture region. Consequently, conventional surgical treatment, repairing the orbital floor only, seems to have lost its theoretical foundation and a conservative approach is advocated until microsurgical techniques become more readily avaliable to treat the sequelae of blow-out fractures at their origin. PMID- 7137816 TI - Pitfalls in flap design. AB - For many years plastic surgeons have been swinging geometrical flaps that do not fit to fill in skin defects. Yet the use of such flaps continues to be advocated in the literature, both here and abroad. It is time to take a more critical look at the flaps we design. PMID- 7137817 TI - Further applications of the rhomboid-to-W technique. PMID- 7137818 TI - V-W plasty. AB - A new technique is presented that combines the use of two juxtaposed Y-V plasties which, when advanced, create a W-shaped sutured wound used to correct bridle-burn scar deformities. Since a considerable amount of the scar can be removed and there are two Y-V advancements, the cosmetic results are better than those obtained with traditional or modified Z-plasty when contracted scars are wide, severe, and unsuitable for Y-V advancement. PMID- 7137819 TI - A new method of dosimetry-a study of comparative laser-induced tissue damage. AB - The use of lasers in medicine and surgery has increased slowly-its effectiveness based on trial-and-error clinical experience. Very little comprehensive data has been published that scientifically presents dosage, energy, absorption, and comparisons between types of lasers. Our laboratory has developed a method for taking the guesswork out of laser dosage using scientific data to optimize therapy and give reproducible responses. Experiments were conducted using an argon laser, a neodymium: YAG laser, and a broad-band infrared light source. This preliminary study uses a beam scan technique, which for the first time permits accurate measurement of the laser intensity incident on tissue. Therefore, this protocol allows the standardization of dosage measurements with good experimental reproducibility in biological models. By using this accurate method of measuring the intensity delivered to pigskin, we are able to reproduce for the first time similar histological damage with the different energy sources. PMID- 7137820 TI - Efficacy of triamcinolone acetonide following neurorrhaphy-an electroneuromyographic evaluation. AB - A primate model to test the effects of triamcinolone acetonide on reinnervation after neurorrhaphy was developed. Reinnervation was assessed in triamcinolone- and placebo-treated nerves. Twelve months after neurorrhaphy, nerves treated with triamcinolone had a faster conduction velocity; a greater amplitude in the evoked response; more and larger axons distally on cross-sectional histological examination; and an evoked response wave form closely resembling normal. We conclude that triamcinolone acetonide instilled locally about a neurorrhaphy immediately after the repair is beneficial for the regeneration of motor nerves in primates. PMID- 7137821 TI - Accidental hypothermia treated with rapid rewarming by immersion. AB - Eighteen consecutive hypothermia patients were treated with rapid rewarming by immersion. Continous electrocardiographic monitoring, acid-base and central venous pressure measurements, vital signs, and fluid resuscitation with lactated Ringer's solution (tritrated to urine output) were employed as part of the therapeutic regimen. This regimen was associated with a single mortality. Rapid rewarming by immersion appears to be a safe, effective, and relatively simple method for treating accidental hypothermia victims. PMID- 7137822 TI - Toxic epidermal necrolysis-case report and review of the literature. AB - A patient who developed toxic epidermal necrolysis secondary to a sulfonamide derivative is presented. Treatment consisted of fluid resuscitation and silver nitrate soaks to the affected areas. Silver nitrate was selected over silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene) and mafenide in view of the nature of the offending agent. Tissue biopsy helps in the differentiation of toxic epidermal necrolysis from staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome. A biopsy is especially useful if the offending agent is not known so that appropriate treatment can be started promptly. The mortality associated with toxic epidermal necrolysis is in the neighborhood of 30%. The priniciples of burn wound management are the key to treatment of this disease. The wound usually heals by epithelialization without the need of skin grafting. PMID- 7137823 TI - Perifolliculitis capitis: surgical treatment for the severe case. PMID- 7137824 TI - Oriental blepharoplasty. PMID- 7137825 TI - Steroid instillation and closed capsulotomy. PMID- 7137826 TI - Prevention and treatment of earlobe keloids. PMID- 7137827 TI - Radiotherapy for keloids. PMID- 7137828 TI - Cholecystokinin metabolism in normal man and patients with duodenal ulcer. AB - Using two cholecystokinin (CCK) radioimmunoassays CCK has been shown to be heterogeneous (CCK-33 and CCK-8) after both exogenous infusion and endogenous release. CCK-39 (CCK variant) was not separated after endogenous CCK stimulation but was identified after the exogenous infusion of 16% pure CCK. The disappearance half-time of 16% pure CCK has been shown to be 2.4 min and one major organ of catabolism identified--the kidney. Degradation of CCK by whole blood occurred after standing for 2 h, but if separation was carried out immediately serum could be left for 6 h before any further degradation took place. Serum appeared to retain its CCK activity more reliably than plasma. Abnormalities in CCK release in duodenal ulcer disease, which are further altered by highly selective vagotomy (HSV), have been demonstrated. Pancreatic exocrine function was not significantly altered by HSV. CCK release and disappearance are more rapid in patients with duodenal ulceration. This observation may be aetiologically important since unopposed postprandial hypergastrinaemia in the absence of effective inhibition by CCK might lead to increased gastric acid production. PMID- 7137829 TI - An assessment of ultrasound scanning in the recognition of colorectal liver metastases. AB - The preoperative detection of visible liver metastases in patients with colorectal cancer is important in determining a rational treatment policy. The accuracy of haptic ultrasound scanning was assessed in 100 patients with primary colorectal cancer. Each patient had a 99mTc-sulphur colloid scan, ultrasound scan, and liver function test. All patients came to laparotomy and the liver was carefully palpated. With very few exceptions the combination of isotope and ultrasound scanning gave accurate information on the state of the liver in all patients in this series. Alkaline phosphatase was the only enzyme whose serum activity was consistently elevated in the presence of liver metastases. Ultrasound scanning of the liver is a simple, safe, accurate, and non-invasive method for preoperative assessment of the state of the liver in patients with primary colorectal cancer. PMID- 7137830 TI - How do surgeons treat haemorrhoids? A study with special reference to Lord's procedure. AB - Forty-eight patients treated for haemorrhoids by Lord's procedure have been followed up for 5 years. Preoperative anal pressure and motility studies suggest that the best long-term results occur in patients with an active internal sphincter. Anal pressure was reduced by dilatation and remained static over the next 5 years. It was not possible to predict which patients would have later recurrence of symptoms from anal pressures measured one year after dilatation. Excellent clinical results were obtained in patients with first- and second degree haemorrhoids, but in those with third-degree haemorrhoids a completely satisfactory outcome occurred in just under half the patients. Members of the Manchester Regional Association of Surgeons completed a questionnaire concerning their methods of treating haemorrhoids. Lord's procedure was the method used most frequently, but only 11% of surgeons used it regularly for patients with third degree haemorrhoids. One-third of the surgeons still used haemorrhoidectomy for 25% of more of all their patients. Outpatient cryosurgery and rubber-band ligation were not popular, but treatment by dietary advice alone was common. PMID- 7137831 TI - Neonatal necrotising enterocolitis: new thoughts for the 'eighties. AB - Neonatal necrotising enterocolitis has become one of the commonest abdominal emergencies seen by the paediatric surgeon. Historical aspects of the condition and current ideas regarding its pathogenesis are described. An immunological basis for the disease is suggested by its relative rarity in regions where breast feeding is widespread and by recent research work on the intestinal immune system. A new theory about the aetiology of the disease, stressing not a specific pathogen but rather the concept of defective intestinal immunity, is postulated. PMID- 7137832 TI - Dilatation of urethral strictures using an endoscopically placed guide. AB - The blind dilatation of a tight urethral stricture can be a difficult and potentially dangerous procedure. The technique described in this paper enables such strictures to be safely dilated after endoscopic placement of a suitable guide over which Cosbie-Ross bougies can be 'railroaded'. The dilatation can be done gently and progressively using initially very fine bougies, which would be dangerous to use without a guide in view of the likelihood of perforating the urethra. PMID- 7137833 TI - Sutureless skin closure of amputation stumps in patients with peripheral arterial disease. AB - A sutureless technique of skin closure for the amputation stumps of patients with peripheral vascular disease is described. It offers less trauma to skin flaps, limits access to the wound by exogenous sources of bacterial contamination, and is very acceptable to the patient. PMID- 7137834 TI - The role of peritoneal lavage in the prediction and treatment of severe acute pancreatitis. AB - Four practice criteria of severity were assessed on admission in 87 patients with acute pancreatitis. The value of hypotension and hypocalcaemia was limited by their lack of sensitivity (14-32%). Hypoxaemia and a positive peritoneal tap had greater sensitivity (47-55%) without losing diagnostic accuracy (83-84%). The presence of one or more positive criteria discriminated between a 'severe' group of patients with a mortality of 43% and a 'mild' group with a majority of 3% (p less than 0.001). Twenty-three patients with predicted 'severe' disease were randomised to receive peritoneal lavage for 72 h (9) or no lavage (14), but no statistically significant benefit has yet been shown from this treatment. PMID- 7137835 TI - Drainage after cholecystectomy. PMID- 7137837 TI - Kirschner operation for cancer of the oesophagus. PMID- 7137838 TI - Anaesthesia for microsurgery of the larynx. PMID- 7137836 TI - Formal duodenal fistula. PMID- 7137839 TI - Toxic dilatation and perforation in inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 7137840 TI - [Value and indication of arteriography in lower limbs trauma]. PMID- 7137841 TI - [Radiological technic. A new radiological method of investigating the small bowel]. PMID- 7137842 TI - [Traumatic carpal dislocations]. PMID- 7137843 TI - [Intracortical bone resorption: its diagnostic value in metabolic bone diseases associated with high bone-turnover]. PMID- 7137845 TI - [Degenerative joint diseases of the hands]. PMID- 7137844 TI - [Acroosteolysis of the hand]. PMID- 7137846 TI - [Diagnosis of monostotic periosteal new bone formation of the phalanges]. PMID- 7137847 TI - [Kienbock's disease radiology]. PMID- 7137848 TI - [Peripheral bone metastases of the upper limb]. PMID- 7137849 TI - [Hand and wrist prosthesis]. PMID- 7137850 TI - The influence of intraruminal and intraduodenal infusion of picolinic acid on metabolism of 65Zn in sheep. AB - Two experiments with sheep were carried out to study the influence of picolinic acid on zinc metabolism. In the first experiment, sheep were infused with water into the duodenum and with picolinic acid into the rumen or duodenum. All the sheep were then intraduodenally dosed with 65Zn. In the second experiment, sheep were intraduodenally infused with water or picolinic acid and then intravenously dosed with 65Zn. Necessary sampling of urine, faeces, blood or digesta were carried out in both experiments. The infusion with picolinic acid did not affect the faecal excretion or endogenous secretion of 65Zn but increased the urinary excretion of the radioisotope and ruminal solubility of zinc. However, te duodenal and ileal solubilities of zinc were not affected by the treatment. It was concluded that an exogenous supplement of picolinic acid is not effective in promoting higher absorption of zinc in ruminant animals. PMID- 7137851 TI - [Method of control of vaccines against ovine abortive chlamydiosis using pregnant mice]. PMID- 7137852 TI - Exchange of digesta via duodenal cannula in sheep, a technique useful for absorption studies with labelled compounds. PMID- 7137853 TI - Intestinal motor and transit disturbances associated with experimental coccidiosis (Eimeria magna) in the rabbit. AB - Digestive motility has been analyzed in three rabbits chronically fitted with intraparietal electrodes, during 6 days before and 18 days after infection with 100,000 oocysts of E. magna. The rate of flow and the transit time of digesta in the small intestine were determined during the same period by marker dilution techniques in three other rabbits fitted with an intraluminal catheter and a cannula at respectively 1.2 and 0.4 m from the ileo-caecal valve. The main disturbances of small intestine motility consisted in a disorganization of the motor profile from the 4-5th day after infection and in a strong inhibition on the 8-9th days. Gastric motility was inhibited from the 4th to the 8th day while the frequency of caecal contractions increased on the 8-9th days. An increase of the rate of flow of digesta appeared on the 8-9th days with a concomitant increase of the transit time in two rabbits and a decrease of transit time in the third rabbit. Intestinal hypomotility and the increase of digesta flow seemed to be the two primary disturbances, the consequences of which were the changes in the gastric and caecal motility and in the transit time of digesta. PMID- 7137855 TI - [What does the term angina pectoris mean today?]. PMID- 7137854 TI - Absorption and half-life of bovine, caprine and ovine IgG1 in the newborn lamb. Effect of experimental prematurity and endocrine factors. AB - The influence of experimental prematurity and endocrine factors on the absorption and half-life of bovine IgG1 was studied in newborn Limousin x Romanov lambs. Six preterm and six full-term animals were bottle-fed with a common bovine colostrum pool during 32 h, whereas seven preterm and six full-term lambs were fed with the same bovine colostrum 2 h post-partum, a caprine colostrum 8 h after birth and an ovine colostrum 16 h post-partum. In the first group, the maximal plasma IgG1 levels were not affected by experimental prematurity; however, the duration of the Ig absorption period seemed to be longer in preterm lambs. In the second group, absorption of blgG1 given at the first feeding was depressed in experimental preterm animals, whereas no difference remained for clgG1 given at the second feeding, and at the third feeding, olgG1 were better absorbed than in full-term lambs. This set of data indicates that the duration of the Ig absorption period was longer in preterm than in full-term lambs. The results obtained confirm the importance of thyroid function for acquisition and maintenance of passive immunity : plasma T4 levels were negatively related to the maximal plasma IgG1 levels in the first group of lambs, and positively related to the half-life of IgG1 in all animals. On the other hand, cortisol was negatively related to IgG1 absorption, at least during the first hours of life. The half life of clgG1 in the plasma of the lambs was not modified by experimental prematurity, and was no different from the half-life of blgG1 in preterm lambs. However, the half-life of blgG1 was significantly lower in full-term than in preterm animals. This observation suggests that a mechanism of recognition of heterologous IgG1 could mature during the last 9 days of gestation. PMID- 7137856 TI - [Disturbances of cardiac rhythm secondary to thyroid disease]. PMID- 7137858 TI - [Valvular aortic regurgitation and stenosis in adults]. PMID- 7137857 TI - [Myocardial infarction in people under 30 years of age]. PMID- 7137860 TI - [Bidimensional echocardiography in ischaemic heart disease]. PMID- 7137859 TI - [The value of early stress tests after myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7137861 TI - [Evaluation of left ventricular kinetics by gamma-angiography during the acute phase of myocardial infarction. Prognostic value]. PMID- 7137862 TI - [Prognostic factors following myocardial infarction cornary angiography]. PMID- 7137863 TI - [Study of the antiarrhythmic effects of Sotalol given orally]. PMID- 7137864 TI - [Treatment of unstable angina pectoris with combined amiodarone-diltiazem]. PMID- 7137865 TI - Emergency biochemistry services--are they abused? AB - An out-of-hours emergency biochemistry service, which allows access by all medical practitioners of varying experience within a hospital, can lead to overuse or even abuse of limited and costly facilities. When the workload increases, problems of staffing a voluntary (but paid) working rota may emerge. An industrial dispute involving medical laboratory scientific officers (MLSOs) caused the role of the emergency service to be examined and alternative regulating mechanisms to be tested. Experience at Glasgow Royal Infirmary between 1974 and 1981 has been reviewed. From 1977 to 1979, when clinicians (usually junior) arranged analyses directly with the MLSOs, test numbers increased by about 26% per annum. This was not associated with any concomitant increase in the range of analyses offered. During a five-week period in 1980, consultant clinicians had to contact a consultant clinical biochemist to arrange all emergency analyses, and test numbers were reduced to 13% of the previous levels. Subsequently, all requests for emergency analyses were made by clinicians to laboratory medical staff, and test numbers fell to approximately 60% of 1979 levels. This requesting system is now firmly established. Continued vigilance is required to maintain the reduced level of requesting, but too great a limitation on emergency requests may cause less efficient patient management. Senior clinical staff should be encouraged to take greater responsibility for the use of emergency laboratory services. PMID- 7137866 TI - An appraisal of the analytical significance of tooth-lead measurements as possible indices of environmental exposure of children to lead. AB - The analysis for lead of whole-crowns from deciduous incisors has been used as an index of the cumulative exposure to lead of children during the prenatal period and until the time of shedding the tooth. The lead was determined by solvent extraction followed by atomic absorption, and strict analytical quality control was employed. The concentrations of lead in pairs of central and lateral incisors from children revealed unexpectedly large differences for some individuals. PMID- 7137867 TI - Zinc and copper determination in microsamples of serum by flow injection and atomic absorption spectroscopy. AB - A new approach to the direct determination of copper and zinc in serum and plasma is described. The sample is injected into a continuously pumped stream of water which is fed into the nebuliser of an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Analytical results are obtained as a series of sharp peaks on a chart recorder. Analytical variables have been investigated, and the proposed method gave results comparable to those obtained using a conventional method based on precipitation of serum proteins with trichloroacetic acid. The proposed method takes less time to perform and was found to give more precise results than the conventional method. In addition, the flow injection analysis method can be performed using microsamples (10-100 microliters) and is thus ideally suited for use on children. PMID- 7137868 TI - Electrophoretically determined haemoglobin A1 concentrations during short-term changes in glucose concentration. AB - In our experience, electrophoresis on agar gel is a very satisfactory alternative to the more widely used chromatographic methods for the determination of haemoglobin A1 (HbA1). Like the chromatographic method, the electrophoretic method is unable to detect any difference between the labile intermediate form of HbA1, which changes rapidly with acute changes in blood glucose level, and the more stable end-product, which reflects long-term glucose levels. In vitro at 37 degrees C the electrophoretically determined HbA1 concentration increases with increasing glucose concentration and with time in both normal and diabetic erythrocytes, but decreases to the preincubation concentration during further incubation of the erythrocytes in a glucose-free medium at 37 degrees C. Similarly, if normal or diabetic erythrocytes are incubated with isotonic saline before the HbA1 assay, the labile fraction is eliminated. In diabetics, the decrease in HbA1 concentration correlates with both the blood glucose level and the preincubation HbA1 concentration. Thus for HbA1 to be an accurate indicator of long-term glucose control in diabetic patients saline incubation of the erythrocytes may be necessary before HbA1 assay by the electrophoretic method, otherwise the assay results will also reflect recent changes in the blood glucose level. PMID- 7137869 TI - Simple and rapid method for the assessment of the oxygen affinity of haemoglobin. AB - The affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen may be expressed as the oxygen tension at 50% saturation under standard conditions (P50). A rapid technique for the determination of P50 using a micro-tonometer with pH electrode and oximeter was evaluated. Equilibration time was found to be 15 minutes with no change in PCV, although plasma haemoglobin levels were slightly elevated. Estimation of P50 in blood from 32 non-smokers gave a mean of 26.4 +/- 0.9 (SD) mm Hg (3.51 +/- 0.12 kPa) with a precision of 0.3 (SD) mm Hg (0.04 kPa). The system was found to be accurate, precise, and simple in operation, allowing up to 16 P50 determinations an hour to be performed with 85 microliters blood samples. PMID- 7137870 TI - Evaluation of four methods for the direct assay of progesterone in unextracted serum. PMID- 7137871 TI - Evaluation of three commercially available C-peptide kits. AB - Three commercially available methods for the determination of C-peptide in human serum were evaluated. All kits were found to be acceptable with respect to precision and analytical recovery, while differences were observed with respect to sensitivity and cross-reactivity to human proinsulin. Furthermore an intermethod comparison was performed. It is pointed out that, before C-peptide determination on serum from insulin-treated diabetic subjects, a PEG precipitation, to remove antibody-bound proinsulin, should be done. PMID- 7137872 TI - Further experience with free thyroxine assays with particular reference to pregnancy. AB - The Amerlex FT4 radioimmunoassay has been assessed. It is simple, quick, and precise. The assay is as good as the FTI or the Immo Phase FT4 assay in hyperthyroid, hypothyroid, or elderly subjects and in women on oral contraceptives. In acute illness and pregnancy, however, over half the values lie below the euthyroid reference range. Further work on blood samples obtained from pregnant subjects demonstrated that while FT4 values given by the Immo Phase and Liquisol kits remain constant, those given by the GammaCoat, Amerlex, and Lisophase kits show a significant decrease with gestation. What the 'true' FT4 is in acute illness and in pregnancy remains an open question. PMID- 7137873 TI - Tumefactive liver infiltration in amyloidosis. AB - A case of tumefactive liver infiltration in primary amyloidosis is presented. Both liver radionucleotide scanning and selective liver angiography indicated a local mass (8 X 15 cm) in the right liver lobe, but at laparotomy no liver tumour was found. The liver was enlarged. It was pale and firmer than usual. Liver biopsy specimens showed that about 30% of the liver mass was formed of amyloid deposited mainly between the liver cells in the perisinusoidal space. Adjacent lymph nodes were histologically normal. Amyloid was later found in a kidney biopsy, but a rectal biopsy showed no amyloid. 1.5 years later the patient is reasonably well, further ruling out the likelihood of neoplastic or malignant liver involvement. Echo studies of the liver showed only generalized enlargement with no focal region, indicating usefulness of this technique in diagnosing liver disease. PMID- 7137874 TI - A comparison of the effects of the slow release formulations of metoprolol and oxprenolol in hypertension. AB - The therapeutic control of blood pressure and heart rate throughout the 24 hour period, was assessed in ten hypertensive patients, following the administration of placebo, conventional metoprolol 100 mg twelve hourly, and the slow release formulations of metoprolol (metoprolol S.A.) and oxprenolol (oxprenolol S.R.), given once daily. Good blood pressure control at rest was observed at two hours post dose following the three drug regimes. Analysis of blood pressure and heart rate values in response to exercise showed no difference between conventional and metoprolol S.A. at either two hours or 12/24 hours post dose. However, at 24 hours, metoprolol S.A. gave better clinical control of the systolic blood pressure and heart rate than oxprenolol S.R. with metoprolol inhibiting exercise induced tachycardia by 29% at 2 hours and 20% at 24 hours (oxprenolol 24% and 11% respectively). In this study, metoprolol S.A. was effective in the control of hypertension throughout the 24 hours period, both at rest and during exercise. The control at 24 hours by oxprenolol S.R. was poor and suggests that the present formulation should be reconsidered. PMID- 7137875 TI - Factors predicting the result of physical training after acute myocardial infarction. AB - We have studied the predictive effect of physical training on physical working capacity (PWC) in a group of 48 male survivors of acute myocardial infarction. In regression analysis with single variables, the training heart rate correlated most strongly with the change of PWC after training (r = 0.54; p less than 0.01). The initial PWC and exercise-induced R wave amplitude change also correlated significantly with the change in PWC after training (r = -0.33; p less than 0.05 and r = 0.32 p less than 0.05, respectively). The initial maximum heart rate and the exercise-induced rise in systolic blood pressure failed to show such correlations. In multiple regression analysis all these variables, with the exception of the blood pressure, were found to make statistically significant, independent contributions to the prediction of the change of PWC after training. The training heart rate was the best criterion in the prediction of the success of physical training after myocardial infarction. Variables obtained from a pre training exercise test can be used as additional criteria. PMID- 7137877 TI - Atrioventricular block, including Mobitz type II-like pattern, during ambulatory ECG recording in young athletes aged 14 to 16 years. AB - Twenty young male athletes, aged 14 to 16 years, and 20 nonathletic male controls of the same ages were studied with regard to atrioventricular block using ambulatory ECG recording. Among the athletic youngsters, the mean hourly heart rates were significantly (p less than 0.01) lower during most of the night hours and during school hours when activities in both groups were uniform. First degree block was found in the athletes in 3 cases, second degree Wenckebach-type block in 3 cases and second degree block with Mobitz type II-like pattern in 2 cases. Among the nonathletes, first degree block was found in one case and second degree Wenckebach-type block in another. The results indicate that after approximately 3 years of physical training, on average 5 times a week, various forms of atrioventricular block, apparently vagally mediated, are observable in young athletes more often than in nonathlete controls. PMID- 7137878 TI - Glucose tolerance and sudden death after myocardial infarction. AB - In connection with a rehabilitation study of myocardial infarction, glucose tolerance tests were performed at the end of the hospital stay in patients recovering from the infarction. At the same time serum cholesterol and triglyceride values were determined. The degree of intimal and medial calcification in the peripheral arteries was estimated on X-ray films. During a 6 year follow-up period 22 patients died suddenly (less than 1 hour) and 28 patients less suddenly. The results of these groups were compared with results of a random sample of 23 surviving patients. Mean 1 and 2-hour glucose values were lower in the sudden death group than in patients who survived (p values less than 0.03 and less than 0.02 respectively). Also the body weight was lower in the sudden death group (p less than 0.05). Differences in the other variables measured were not statistically significant. The mechanisms of the possible protective role of impaired glucose tolerance regarding sudden death are discussed. PMID- 7137876 TI - Familial and sporadic thyroglobulin deficiency with goitre and hypothyroidism. AB - The thyroid proteins and iodocompounds were analysed in the thyroid tissue of 4 patients with nontoxic goitre. Subtotal thyroidectomy was performed for tracheal compression. The thyroid components were labelled with a trace amount of 125I before operation. One patient had congenital goitre and hypothyroidism with cretinoid features. Three other patients belonged to the same family. Two had congenital goitre, one of them with subclinical and biochemical hypothyroidism. There was a range of thyroglobulin (TG) deficiency ranging from virtual absence of TG in the most affected patient to 17% of normal in the least affected one. There seemed to be an inverse relationship between TG content and clinical signs. Also with decreasing TG more iodocompounds were found in the 3-8 S region on gradient centrifugation. In the most affected patient all the radioactivity was in the 3-8 S region, in the least affected one it was all found in the 19 S and 27 S regions. The other patients had an intermediate pattern. The 3-8 S fraction contained albumin, IgG and some material which reacted like TG on immunoelectrophoresis except for the least affected patient. The iodine content was normal whereas the iodination of TG was low-normal or low. Iodotyrosines and iodothyronines were found in all glands analysed on column chromatography but only in the most heavily affected patient did the ratio iodotyrosines/iodothyronines seem to be elevated. Evidently TG was not necessary for hormone formation in this gland but the efficiency of the matrix seemed not to suffice for normal hormone production. PMID- 7137879 TI - Occlusion of the right pulmonary artery: a rare, late complication of radiation therapy. AB - Two cases of total occlusion of the right pulmonary artery 22 and 28 years after mediastinal irradiation are presented. The first patient is alive 29 years after the radiation therapy, and the second patient died of heart failure 31 years after the therapy. This very rare complication is one cause of radiological unilateral hyperlucent lung syndrome. The diagnosis can be confirmed by clinical history, clinical examination, chest roentgenogram, lung scan and pulmonary angiography. PMID- 7137880 TI - Taurine in human auricular myocardium and blood platelets. AB - Blood platelets have been used as a model for the aminergic neurones. In the hypertrophied left ventriles and platelets of spontaneously hypertensive rats the taurine content increases simultaneously. The main purpose of this work was to compare the taurine contents of human platelets and heart tissue. The taurine content was estimated from blood platelets and from the right atrial appendage removed during open heart surgery in 43 patients suffering from ischaemic heart disease. The results indicate that the taurine content increases in the hypertrophied right atrium of the patients with atrial septal defect, as it had previously been shown to increase in the hypertrophied left ventricle in patients who died of congestive heart failure. No correlations were found: 1) between the heart and platelet taurine contents of different groups, 2) between the atrial and platelet taurine in the pooled total results, 3) between the diastolic blood pressure and atrial or platelet taurine levels. Thus the increased taurine content of the auricular tissue is not reflected in the taurine content of the platelets. PMID- 7137881 TI - The incidence of coeliac disease and pyloric stenosis in children in Northern Finland. AB - The incidences of symptomatic coeliac disease (CD) and pyloric stenosis (PS) in children born 1960-1979 were studied retrospectively in Northern Finland. The total incidence of CD was 42.3, and of PS 122.7 per 100,000 live births. The figure for CD was lower than in studies from other industrial countries during the same period. The incidence of CD was highest in the early 1970s, and has decreased significantly, at least in children under two years of age, during the late 1970s. In the city of Oulu the incidence of CD was significantly higher than that in the surrounding countryside. Active search, with small intestinal biopsies, should reveal over 90% of cases with CD before the age of two years. Of 78 children diagnosed as having CD during the observation period, 75% were breast fed for less than three months, 18% had signs of allergy at the time of diagnosis and seven % had IgA deficiency. In four patients CD was associated with diabetes. The incidence of PS varied from 107 per 100,000 live births in the early 1960S to 153 per 100,000 in the late 1960s. No significant seasonal variance was observed in the analysis of 226 children with PS in the study. PMID- 7137882 TI - Anticonvulsant osteomalacia in epileptic outpatients. AB - The occurrence of anticonvulsant osteomalacia was studied in 23 epileptic outpatients, and in age and sex matched controls. Hypocalcaemia was observed in 10, hypophosphataemia in 1, and increased serum alkaline phosphatase in 8 of the patients. The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was significantly lower In the patients than in the controls, but no difference was found in the serum 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D concentration between the patients and the controls. There was no difference in bone mineral density between the patients and the healthy controls. In the histomorphometric study, no differences were found in the amount of trabecular bone or osteoid between the patients and the controls, but the patients had a slightly more extensive trabecular resorption surfaces. Histological osteomalacia was found in two of the 23 cases (9%). We conclude that epileptic outpatients on long-term anticonvulsant therapy have vitamin D deficiency and may develop osteomalacia. PMID- 7137883 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid tryptophan and brain atrophy in patients with chronic schizophrenia. PMID- 7137884 TI - Pneumonia associated with enteritis due to Campylobacter fetus ssp jejuni. PMID- 7137885 TI - Trauma, renal vein thrombosis and subsequent nephrotic syndrome. AB - A case of kidney trauma with local and systemic consequences is given. The patient got a trauma to right kidney region. After a fortnights latency nephrotic syndrome developed. Radiological examinations one month after the trauma revealed a partially recanalized thrombus in the right renal vein. It turned out in renal biopsy that the underlying cause of the nephrotic syndrome was acute proliferative glomerulonephritis with typical humps in electronmicroscopy. In contralateral (non-traumatized) kidney there was in renal biopsy the same type of acute glomerulonephritis as well. The course of the renal lesion was documented by a series of renal biopsies which showed improving proliferative glomerulonephritis. The time course of the events and the bilateral histological changes suggest renal trauma as the cause of acute proliferative glomerulonephritis which is a new aspect. PMID- 7137886 TI - Argininosuccinic aciduria in a Finnish woman presenting with psychosis and mental retardation. AB - Argininosuccinic aciduria (ASA-uria) is a rare inborn error of the urea cycle, in which there is massive excretion of argininosuccinic acid (ASA) in the urine together with elevated concentrations of ASA in the plasma and the CSF. The characteristic symptoms are either those of overwhelming metabolic disease in the newborn period, or variable psychomotor retardation. The present patient, the first Finnish one to be reported, was a 49-year-old woman. She was hospitalized at the age of 26 with a diagnosis schizophrenia and mental retardation. Her clinical symptoms consisted of ataxia, disturbance of coordination, clumsiness, intention treMor and a positive Romberg's sign. The laboratory findings were consistent with the mild, late-onset type of ASA-uria. PMID- 7137887 TI - Classification and treatment of liver disease. PMID- 7137888 TI - Sonography in the diagnosis of renal expansions. PMID- 7137889 TI - The changing tide in the management of trauma! PMID- 7137892 TI - The treatment of pseudoarthrosis of the neck of the femur by repositioning osteotomy. AB - Repositioning osteotomy in the treatment of pseudoarthrosis of the neck of the femur improves the biomechanical preconditions to promote bony union of the pseudoarthrosis. This operative procedure is the method of choice for pseudoarthrosis of the neck of the femur without evidence of avascular necrosis of the femoral head. It is also the method of choice in children and in adolescents even if there is avascular necrosis of the femoral head. The operative technique as advocated by the A.O. group permits exact planning, stable osteosynthesis both of the pseudoarthrosis of the neck of the femur as well as the osteotomy, and allows early mobilisation. In a small series of five cases, union was achieved in all within eight months after the operation. PMID- 7137890 TI - Ipsilateral fractures of the femur and tibia. AB - 14 cases of ipsilateral fractures of the femur and tibia were reviewed from the hospital records. The two commonest patterns were fractures of the shafts of the femur and tibia and fractures of the shaft of the femur and the tibial condyle. Rigid internal fixation of both the femur and the tibia in case of fracture through the shaft of both bones gave satisfactory functional end result. For those in whom the femoral shaft fracture was associated with tibial condylar fracture, rigid fixation of the femoral fracture and conservative management of the tibial condylar fracture with traction was found to be more satisfactory. Initial resuscitation of these severe injuries is very important and significant morbidity from this combination of injury can be expected. Associated vascular and knee ligamentous injury in these cases may be overlooked at the initial presentation and must be looked for carefully. PMID- 7137891 TI - Comminuted fractures of the femoral shaft treated by plate osteosynthesis. AB - 22 cases of comminuted fractures of the femoral shaft treated by plate osteosynthesis have been reviewed. This method of treatment gives excellent functional results if successful. However, the risk of failure is high and occurred in 37% of the cases. Unprotected weight-bearing in the post-operative period and comminution of the medial cortex of the femur with bone defect were the main causes of the failure of the implant and subsequent delayed or non union. 75% of the patients with implant failure required further replating and bone grafting. Perhaps primary bone grafting may be indicated in those who have a medial cortical defect. A full range of knee motion was recorded in 91% of the cases. There was no deep infection in this series. PMID- 7137893 TI - The treatment of unstable trochanteric fracture by Ender's nailing: early results of a prospective trial. AB - The early results of a prospective trial on the treatment of unstable trochanteric fractures of the femur by Ender's nailing are encouraging. The operation is easy to perform, reliable and carries little added risk of operative complications. Most of the patients could walk independently with a stick by the 6th post-operative week. The incidence of complications such as wound infection, hip joint penetration by the nails, superolateral cut out and backing out of the nails distally were low. External rotation deformity of the limb as well as knee pain continued to be problematic especially in the early post-operative period. However, this did not seem to affect rehabilitation and the pain became less of a problem with the passage of time. Early full weight-bearing did not significantly increase varus deformity or implant failure even in Kyle's Type III unstable fractures. PMID- 7137894 TI - Complications in treatment of trochanteric fractures using Ender's nails--a review of 120 patients. AB - A prospective study of 120 Chinese patients with trochanteric fractures treated with the surgical method of Ender's Nailing was undertaken. The average age of the patients was 79 years (ranged from 57 to 105 years). The follow-up period ranged from 4 to 18 months, with an average of 8 1/2 months. The mortality rate was 6%. There was no incidence of non-union, delayed union or deep wound infection. Local complications included extrusion of the nails, perforation of the femoral head, supracondylar fracture of the femur, mild limb shortening and external rotational deformity. Hip and knee pain occurred in a small percentage of patients but these tended to improve with time. Weight bearing walking could be started in the first week after operation in most of the patients. The functional result at 6 months was good in 73% of the patients. This method had the advantage of a limited surgical approach, minimal blood loss and good functional result. Analysis of the causes of the local complications indicated that if operative precautions were taken, morbidity could be reduced. PMID- 7137895 TI - Application of Kuntscher Y nailing for fractures involving upper end of femur. AB - Kuntscher Y nail is biomechanically a stable assembly and is useful in the management of unstable intertrochanteric, subtrochanteric and pathological fractures involving the upper end of the femur. In addition, it was ideal in special situations with fracture of the upper end of the femur; in a mentally ill patient with an unstable trochanteric fracture, for non-union of a trochanteric fracture and for a fracture of the upper end of the femur associated with a fracture further distally of the femoral shaft. Although it proved to be a very stable fixation, the control of external rotation of the distal femoral shaft was a significant problem in two cases. In all six cases stable fixation was achieved which progressed to sound union, including the case with ununited fracture. No technical difficulty was encountered at the time of operation although this could pose a significant problem. The main danger is the splintering of the lateral subtrochanteric femoral cortex during insertion of the neck piece and inability to negotiate the Kuntscher nail through the fenestration in the neck piece. PMID- 7137896 TI - Fractures of cervical spine with neurological lesion treated by reduction and fixation with plates. AB - A series of 61 cases of cervical spine fracture and dislocation with neurological deficit treated operatively were reviewed. All were reduced and internally fixed with plates and screws. The operative technique was not easy and required a great deal of care and experience. Surgery did not significantly alter the neurological recovery in 12 cases with root involvement and 23 cases with complete tetraplegia. Neurological recovery seemed to be better after surgical intervention in the case of incomplete tetraplegias; 18 out of 26 being able to walk eventually. The main value of surgical fixation of these injuries was to allow early rehabilitation without any external cervical support. However, intensive care of the neuro-cardio-respiratory complications in the post operative period was necessary to evert the high risk of mortality and morbidity from surgery. PMID- 7137897 TI - Operative stabilisation of dislocations, fractures and fracture-dislocations of the cervical spine. AB - A retrospective study of 76 patients with surgically treated cervical spine injuries from 1971 to 1980 is presented. The indications for operative treatment, the technical procedures and the preliminary results are analysed. The conclusions are as follows: 1) A rational classification of the cervical spine injuries must precede the decision for operative or conservative management. 2) The intra- and postoperative complications are low with trained staff. 3) Unsatisfactory results from an operation are due to inappropriate indication for an anterior, posterior or combined fusion. 4) A laminectomy should never be done without a fusion, and a decompression of the spinal canal is better done as a rule by an anterior approach. 5) In children an anterior fashion should be avoided in order to prevent deformity from growth arrest of the end plates of the vertebrae. 6) In contrast to the degenerative disc disease the anterior fusion should always be secured by a plate. PMID- 7137898 TI - The treatment of thoracolumbar spinal injuries with paresis by conservative versus surgical methods. AB - 18 patients with cord or root involvement in thoracolumbar injuries underwent posterior spinal surgery, including 11 Harrington instrumentations. 11 similar patients were treated conservatively. Surgery offered no definite advantage for neural recovery, nor did it curtail the duration of hospitalisation. However, it significantly decreased post-traumatic kyphotic deformity and improved the vertebral alignment. Morbidity and implant failure were noted in 27% of the operated cases. It would appear that operative stabilisation of the thoracolumbar injuries of the spine is indicated in selected cases where there is a risk of significant post-traumatic kyphotic deformity with gross vertebral body displacement. PMID- 7137899 TI - Psychological reactions to hand injuries among semi-skilled Chinese workers. AB - It has been widely acknowledged that successful treatment and rehabilitation of patients suffering from hand injuries requires both physical as well as psychological interventions. However, little is understood about the psychological problems experienced by the patients during the course of their injury, recovery and latter adjustment. This paper outlines and presents some preliminary findings of a study on semi-skilled Chinese workers who suffered from hand injuries owing to industrial accidents in Hong Kong. The aim was to explore their reactions to their injuries, which, in most cases, left permanent damage. The patients were assessed within a month after they had been discharged from the hospital after the orthopaedic treatment was completed. Measures of their mood states (based on Analogue Subjective Feelings Scale) and self-esteem (based on Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory) were taken. The results indicated significant difference between those who had suffered more severe disability and those who had suffered less disability in their self-esteem in the family. The general self esteem score was much lower in those who had suffered more severely disabling hand injuries. The patients were under pressure in meeting the demands of the family and their work. The point of importance that emerged from this analysis was that the measures of rehabilitation should not only aim at making the patient meet the original demands but to try and change the environmental expectations to reduce his stress in coping. PMID- 7137901 TI - Problems in major upper limb replantation and revascularization. PMID- 7137900 TI - Clinical replantation of digits and its problem. AB - 571 replanted digits in 395 patients were critically evaluated from the point of view of the surgical technique, level of amputation, post-operative complications and the eventual functional end result. When the period of ischaemia exceeded 10 hours, the risk of failure was higher. Bone union was delayed in the digits in which the period of ischaemia was longer than 5 hours. Single thumb and multiple finger amputations were functionally most useful regardless of the level of amputation, the range of mobility or the sensory recovery. Single finger replantations resulted in poor function especially for the index and little finger. Replantation of a single finger amputation is of questionable value from the point of view of time spent both by the surgeon and the patient. Surprisingly, replantations for amputation proximal to the proximal interphalangeal joint produced much less satisfactory functional result as compared to those for amputations distal to this joint. PMID- 7137902 TI - The free forearm flap--a report of 25 cases. AB - In 25 cases using microvascular techniques, free forearm flaps were used for reconstruction of various tissue defects. 15 flaps were used for repair of hand injuries, 5 for facial defects, 1 for lower extremity deformity and 4 for total rhinoplasty. All flaps survived. The arterial blood supply of the forearm flap comes from the cutaneous branches of the radial artery while its venous drainage is via cephalic vein and the radial comitantes veins. The forearm flap has a thin layer of subcutaneous fatty tissue, can provide quite large area of soft tissue and the vascular pedicle is long with moderately large calibre vessels. The donor area, however, has to be skin grafted, leaving an unsightly scar over the forearm which is one of the shortcomings of this flap. Secondly it means sacrificing a major arterial supply to the hand on the donor side. PMID- 7137903 TI - Rigid internal fixation of fractures--a guide to management. PMID- 7137904 TI - Comparative study of 1624 belted and 3242 non-belted occupants of vehicles involved in an accident: a study of the effectiveness of seat belts. PMID- 7137905 TI - Problems of a double level amputation--a case report. PMID- 7137907 TI - A case of a hermaphrodite presenting as a transsexual. PMID- 7137906 TI - Endobronchial Hodgkin's disease--a diagnostic dilemma. PMID- 7137910 TI - Orthopaedic and microvascular surgery in Singapore. PMID- 7137908 TI - Research and development in obstetrics & gynaecology in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology at the National University of Singapore. AB - This is a review of the research and achievements of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University of Singapore since 1949. The research activities reviewed are Fertility Control, Subfertility, Reproductive Endocrinology, In-Vitro Fertilization, Trophoblastic Disease, Prostaglandins and Perinatal Medicine. The University Department has kept abreast with the Singapore norm of two-child families by providing the most sophisticated technology and expertise. The perinatal mortality and stillbirth rates have been reduced to 11 and 6 per thousand births. Prostaglandin research in the Department includes an investigation of the involvement of these substances in various physiological processes, pharmacological studies with different prostaglandins and development of clinical applications. Between 1974 and 1981 we had studied 12 intrauterine contraceptive devices, both on a departmental basis and in conjunction with international agencies. The newer medicated devices have proved to offer significant advantages over the original inert plastic configuration. Metabolic changes in Singapore women on the oral pill and injection Depoprovera were studied. Impaired glucose tolerance and raised fasting total lipids were found in women on the pill. Marginal changes in carbohydrate metabolism only were found in women on injection Depoprovera. Hypercoagulation changes in the blood occurring in Singapore women varied with the dose of the synthetic or natural oestrogen medication. Initially, the fibrinolytic activity was enough to compensate for these changes; however after two years there were signs of decompensation. Progestogens affect coagulation via their influence on the liver functions. Hypercoagulation changes also occurred in pregnancy and was of a greater magnitude than oestrogen or progestogen medication. In many obstetric disorders, including hydatidiform mole, there was evidence of intravascular coagulation. The introduction of endocrine function tests has greatly improved patient care in our Department, in particular those related to endocrine disorders. Application of the immunoassays to basic research has shown that physiological levels of oestradiol exert a negative feedback effect on both FSH and LH secretions in men. The greater suppression of LH than of FSH secretion by pharmacological doses of estradiol is possibly due to different control mechanisms in the pituitary for the synthesis and release of both gonadotrophins. Physiological level of testosterone per se has a definite negative feedback effect on the secretion of LH but not on FSH. Pharmacological doses of the 5-alpha-reduced metabolites of testosterone have been shown to suppress both LH and FSH indicating that some of the actions of testosterone could be medicated by these metabolites of which the 3 alpha-androstanediol and 3 beta-androstanediol are the more likely candidates. PMID- 7137909 TI - Child health in Singapore--past, present and future. AB - The state of child health in Singapore from 1914 to the present is chronicled. In 1914, there were 225 reported cases of tetanus neonatorum out of 7,420 births and 340 deaths from gastroenteritis with an infant mortality rate (IMR) of 292.9 per 1000 livebirths. In 1936 the infant mortality rate was 167.74, and in 1962, it was still high at 31.2, a figure which exceeded the IMR of USA, UK, Australia and New Zealand. However, by 1976, the IMR had fallen to 11.8 which was lower than that of the above countries and the neonatal mortality rate (NMR) was 8.4 which was also lower than the other four developed countries. In 1981, the IMR fell further still to 10.8 and the NMR was 7.7. The causes of the improvement of child health in Singapore are discussed, and the prospects and priorities for the future are described. PMID- 7137911 TI - Ophthalmology in Singapore, 1934 to 1982. PMID- 7137913 TI - A perspective of dermatology in Singapore. PMID- 7137912 TI - Infant, neonatal and perinatal mortality rates in Singapore. AB - Infant, neonatal and perinatal mortality rates are reliable indices of the health status and delivery of health care in a country. These rates have been declining in Singapore since World War II, and presently have become comparable to those of many developing countries. The pattern has also changed; postneonatal mortality has fallen markedly, resulting in neonatal mortality accounting for 75% of infant mortality, and first week mortality for 85% of neonatal mortality. Perinatal mortality rates have also declined over the years, due mainly to a decline in the first week mortality rates though a slight fall in stillbirth rates has also occurred. Further improvements can be expected in the perinatal and neonatal mortality rates. As neonatal intensive care improves, the prognosis of the very small and feeble infants will be brighter even though the efforts required might be very much greater. Such a challenge will prove to be very exciting and stimulating, and be an impetus to the raising of neonatal intensive care to a much higher level. PMID- 7137914 TI - Two decades of specialised burns care in Singapore, 1961-1982. PMID- 7137915 TI - Thoracic and cardiovascular surgery in Singapore. AB - Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery started in Singapore on the initiative of a number of the leading general surgeons working in general surgical units in the public institutions. Initially, only thoracic surgery was done. This was followed about 15 years later with cardiovascular surgery. A decision was made to establish a Thoracic Surgical Unit at the Tan Tock Seng Hospital in 1965. The Head of Department was appointed. Space had become available at this hospital following the very successful anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy programme. The department was set up in December 1966. It grew steadily over the years. As in other similar centres, the spectrum of patients that underwent operations in the department became predominantly cardiovascular in nature. In December 1981, this department was transferred to the Singapore General Hospital where specialised facilities based on the experience of the surgical team had been installed. PMID- 7137916 TI - Neurosurgery in Singapore. AB - Neurosurgery was first done in 1956 by Sir Douglas Miller of Australia in 'A' Surgical Unit, Outram Road General Hospital. A section on neurosurgery was started in 1965 by Dr C F Tham at Thomson Road General Hospital. In September 1972, a new and fully equipped Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology was established. It is fully staffed and serves the whole of Singapore. PMID- 7137917 TI - The current status of coronary care units in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. AB - Intensive monitoring for patients suffering from acute myocardial infarction first began in USA in 1962. In the past 2 decades, major progress has taken place in the development of coronary care units. The first coronary care unit in Singapore was introduced in 1967. Review of the results obtained from this unit shows that the hospital mortality from acute myocardial infarction can be lowered by intensive cardiac monitoring because of better treatment of cardiac arrhythmias and cardiac failure. However, the outcome of patients with cardiogenic shock is still dismally poor and the mortality in this group of patients is about 85 to 100%. Although the hospital mortality of acute myocardial infarction has been decreased with the introduction of coronary care units, the mortality of this condition in the community is still distressingly high. This is so because the majority of deaths in acute myocardial infarction occur early and outside the hospital environment. Currently the salvage of ischaemic myocardium and the continuing search for an effective treatment for severe pump failure remains the greatest challenge in the present and future management of acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7137918 TI - The development of critical care medicine in Singapore. AB - The development of critical care medicine in Singapore is similar to that in other countries. The fact that intensive care work was not centralised meant that anaesthetists had to attend to patients who were to be found all over a large hospital. Moreover, up to 1967, there was only one ventilator in the Singapore General Hospital although this was commonly used. When open-heart surgery was restarted in 1967, the need for intensive care in the post-operative patients became obvious and a post-basic intensive care nursing course was subsequently started. The quest for an area to centralise intensive care also stepped up and as space in certain wards were generously given toward this cause, intensive care further developed. With the opening of the new Singapore General Hospital, critical care medicine is certainly ready to move toward an even more sophisticated standard. PMID- 7137919 TI - Oncology--the past, the present and the future. AB - Oncology is the science which deals with the study of malignant diseases. Cancer itself is a complex subject which demands the dedication of laboratory scientists and clinicians to work closely together to achieve greater understanding of the problems of malignancy. Simplified education programmes on cancer risk factors and avoidable lifestyles may help to reduce the incidence of certain environment induced malignancies. In Singapore, active cancer research programmes are in existence in the epidemiology and biostatistical analysis of cancers locally and research studies on liver, nasopharyngeal and choriocarcinoma. However, with the increasing mortality from cancer over the years, more integration and cooperation is required among the clinicians, laboratory scientists and the field staff working in different parts of the country, so that eventually the risk from developing certain cancers can be reduced and the overall management of such cancers can be further improved. PMID- 7137920 TI - Gastroenterology and urology in Singapore. PMID- 7137921 TI - The development of and recent trends in occupational health in Singapore. AB - Occupational health in Singapore developed largely over the past 10-15 years. The rapid progress in general awareness, personnel, services, education and research, is described. The role of Singapore as a regional centre for education, consultancy service and research is increasing. The development and functions of government agencies, the University, statutory boards and voluntary organizations are discussed. Common occupational diseases include pneumoconiosis, metal poisoning, occupational dermatitis, noise-induced deafness and psychological disturbances. Evidence suggests gross under-reporting of these conditions. About 150 research papers concerning occupational health in Singapore have been published so far. There can be little doubt that the importance of the discipline will gather even greater momentum in Singapore in the future. PMID- 7137922 TI - The development of blood services in Singapore. AB - The Singapore Blood Transfusion Service (BTS) collects, processes and distributes blood and blood components to all hospitals. It also provides clinical and diagnostic haematological services to the hospitals. Blood donation is based on an entirely voluntary system. Blood donor incentives include a scheme of medical benefits for regular blood donors. Major advances in the 1960s include the introduction of disposable plastic blood packs for blood collections which permitted blood components to be prepared in a closed system. The development of a mobile blood collection service has enabled many more donor sources to be tapped. Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) screening of blood donors was introduced in 1973 as local studies showed that HBsAg positive blood was associated with a high risk of hepatitis. HBsAg positive donors are permanently excluded from the donor panel. BTS provides reference services for Immunohaematology, Coagulation problems, a clinical and diagnostic haematology service and a haemophilia centre. A computerized system of blood donor call up and the introduction of automation in the transfusion and haematology laboratories have helped BTS cope with an increasing volume of work and at the same time restrain manpower increases. PMID- 7137923 TI - Pathology services in Singapore. AB - The provision of an adequate Pathology Service is essential for the rational diagnosis, management and control of diseases. In Singapore such a need has long been recognised, and the service has made substantial progress since it started. PMID- 7137924 TI - Clinical biochemistry in Singapore--past and present. AB - This paper traces the historical development of the practice of clinical biochemistry in Singapore and presents the current status of the special branch of laboratory medicine in the country. The rapid expansion in the field which has taken place over the last three decades, has no parallel in any other medical specialty. This has presented unique problems. The approaches taken to solve these problems are described and the following areas are highlighted: scope of biochemical investigations, research and development, methodology and instrumentation, laboratory workload, automation and computerisation, costing of laboratory service, reference values, quality control, training, education, international relations and professional activities. PMID- 7137925 TI - The development of radiation therapy in Singapore--its present status & future prospects. AB - X-rays were introduced into Singapore soon after their discovery but their use in therapy did not take place until 1914. Radiation therapy was widely used only after 1949 when the first deep X-ray machine was installed. Since then the number of patients given this treatment has progressively increased, keeping pace with the rising cancer incidence. In 1981, 2533 cases were referred for treatment, out of which 1889 were given radiation treatment. The value of radiotherapy in malignant disease has been established both as a palliative as well as a radical method of treatment. Through improved techniques, better therapy equipment, and greater understanding of malignant disease, results of radical radiotherapy have shown progressive improvement. Further advances can be expected with newer techniques which have been put to clinical trials recently. These are planning with CT Scan, conformation radiotherapy, radiation sensitizers and protectors, hyperfractionation, hyperthermia, intraoperative radiotherapy, heavy particle radiotherapy and isotopic immunoglobulin therapy. PMID- 7137926 TI - The cardiovascular laboratory at the Singapore General Hospital, 1964-1981. AB - The invasive cardiac laboratory at the Singapore General Hospital was established in 1964. It was completely renovated and re-equipped in 1975 to cater for all the permutations and combinations that may be required for the safe conduct of cardiac catheterization procedures. A total of 4,849 procedures were done by 33 operators over 18 years. Patients for invasive procedures were usually discussed at the Monday Cardiac Conference prior to a decision being made to study. As such, the selected patients were usually the ill ones and the patients who required cardiac surgery. In the 1807 cardiac catheterizations done between 1975 and 1979, 1137 patients were found to be suffering from congenital heart disease, 586 were found to have acquired heart disease and 46 patients had coronary heart disease. The commonest congenital cardiac defect was atrial septal defect (or patent foramen ovale). Secondary pulmonary hypertension was found in 373 patients with acquired heart disease. Major complications occurred on 149 occasions and these were all in ill patients with severe heart disease. PMID- 7137927 TI - Immunology in Singapore--past and future. AB - In the past, immunology in Singapore was mainly confined to serology for the diagnosis of certain infectious diseases. Postgraduate education for immunology was not well developed and its undergraduate training was restricted to a few lectures within bacteriology. With the establishment of the W.H.O. IRTC in 1969, training and research in immunology were further developed and a group of scientists and technicians to conduct research work was subsequently built up. This enabled the Centre to provide some immunological services to the Government and University, and soon extended these to our neighbouring countries as well. Further research and the maintenance of international standards are essential for the future development of immunology in Singapore. And this is only possible with the moral and financial support of the Government, University and private granting bodies. PMID- 7137928 TI - Nuclear medicine--an overview. AB - A radioactive isotope behaves chemically and biologically like its non radioactive counterpart. The application of this principle to medical diagnosis has evolved into a whole specialty called nuclear medicine. The development of the rectilinear scanner and gamma camera has extended the study of molecular pathways into an exciting imaging modality while developments in radiopharmaceuticals have made radionuclide imaging of many organ systems widely available. The most significant improvements have occurred in bone, hepatobiliary and cardiac imaging. Today, however, nuclear medicine is evolving into a more dynamic study of physiological processes in the body and how these processes may be affected by disease and medical treatment. Emission tomography with a new generation of both gamma and positron emitters will be integral part of nuclear medicine in the future. The challenge to develop radio-labelled antibodies for immunotherapy and immunodetection remains while many of the older techniques like radioimmunoassay, and even the simple colloid liver scan, will continue to contribute significantly to health care. PMID- 7137929 TI - Postgraduate dental education in Singapore. PMID- 7137930 TI - Annals of the Academy of Medicine of Singapore. AB - Shortly after the inauguration of the Academy of Medicine in 1957, the idea of bringing out a journal to be called the "Annals" was considered. It was not until in 1972 that a regular quarterly publication entitled the Annals of the Academy of Medicine was possible. To serve the different specialist disciplines that are embodied in the Academy of Medicine, the Annals has orientated its issues to cover various specialised topics. The contribution of Guest Editors has enhanced the scope of the Annals, thereby enabling it to serve the wide-ranging interests of its members. The listing of the Annals in the Index Medicus in 1979 was an important milestone in the development of the Annals. With the appointment of a full-time Editorial Assistant in 1981, the Annals is now on a much firmer footing to establish itself as a journal of international repute. PMID- 7137931 TI - Fetal alcohol syndrome. Mechanisms of teratogenesis. PMID- 7137932 TI - Drug monitoring in the neonate. AB - Drug monitoring has recently been extended into the neonatal population largely owing to improvements in analytical techniques. This important area of study represents a wide diversity of patients,-from mature infants to low-birth weight infants owing either to premature birth or intrauterine growth retardation. Neonates provide a highly variable population base which undergoes rapid changes in rate of absorption, metabolism, and elimination of drugs during the first weeks of life. Rational drug administration at this time can be very difficult. Drug monitoring in conjunction with effective therapeutic ranges can be of great assistance to the physician. PMID- 7137933 TI - Paternity exclusion and probability of paternity. AB - The principles of paternity exclusion and current systems of paternity testing are reviewed. Recent advances, especially the utilization of human leukocyte antigens (HLA), have greatly improved the likelihood of exclusion of the innocent accused male. Failure to exclude an alleged father through multiple test systems increases the suspicion that he is the biological father. This can be expressed mathematically as the Probability of Paternity, for which the principle of calculation is explained. Legal obligations of the laboratory are briefly explored. PMID- 7137934 TI - Neonatal screening for phenylketonuria. PMID- 7137936 TI - Serum lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. AB - The ratio of lactate dehydrogenase (LD-1:LD-2) in serum was studied in 101 patients admitted to a coronary care unit. The clinical reliability of the test could not be predicted from the normality or abnormality of the total serum lactate dehydrogenase (LD) activity. However, for samples with total LD activity below the middle of the normal range, no information was provided by the test. In contrast, the test provided reliable information when the total LD activity in the specimen was above the middle of the reference range (220 IU per L). PMID- 7137935 TI - Elevation of creatine kinase BB CK in hospitalized patients. Importance of distinguishing BB CK from MB CK. AB - Nine hundred and forty patients (1023 samples) were analyzed by cellulose acetate electrophoresis for creating kinase MB (MB CK) in the routine clinical chemistry laboratory during screening for acute myocardial infarction. Thirty patients showed the presence of BB CK and the associated disease states were identified. Rigid criteria were applied to demonstrate the activity observed was genuinely BB CK. It is noted and demonstrated that careful attention must be paid to the methodology used to distinguish CK isoenzymes, because some assays do not differentiate between BB CK and MB CK. It was shown by us that the false positive rate for MB CK could be as great as 19 percent in laboratories using non discriminant assays for MB CK. Thus, the laboratory must know the limitations of the assays employed to avoid potential errors in MB CK results that could be misused as biochemical evidence of a myocardial infarction. PMID- 7137937 TI - [Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis. Its nosographic situation]. AB - Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis is a well-defined syndrome from the standpoint of clinical, electromyographic, biochemical, microscopic and etiologic features. The syndrome is characterized by acute episodes of flaccid para or tetraplegia induced by excess exogenous or endogenous thyroid hormones. This syndrome is distinct from thyrotoxic myopathy and familial periodic paralysis. The rare occurrence of TPP compared to that of hyperthyroidism, is higher incidence in males and Asiatics and the role of high carbohydrate intake raise questions as to the predisposing factors which lead thyroid hormones to directly or indirectly modify muscle membrane permeability to electrolytes. Cure of hyperthyroidism consistently results in arresting the sequence of the paralytic attacks. PMID- 7137938 TI - Secular acceleration of growth in height in Japanese and its social background. AB - To clarify the true amount of the secular trend of growth in height in Japanese children, birth-year cohorts affected by World War II were excluded from an analysis of the trend in age of maximum increment in mean height (MI age) during the last 80 years. The cohort which experienced the war had an abnormally high maximum annual increment, asymmetry of the histogram representing the annual increments and a poor fit of the logistic function to the adolescent growth curve. The cohorts in which growth in height was under the influence of the great social changes of the war were statistically discriminated according to these three abnormalities of the growth pattern. Since the cohorts which underwent MI age just after the war showed a distorted growth, it is evident that the post-war rapid lowering of MI age for cohorts from 1934 to 1946 should be taken as a convalescent stage after the war-time repression of growth. Excluding the period affected by the war, MI age of both sexes has become earlier by some 0.2 years per decade. The variety of possible causes of the trend towards earlier maturity was investigated by making use of the post-war rapid decline of MI age. Better nutrition is not believed to be the main factor in the trend of growth. Urban population ratio and Engel's coefficient closely paralleled the decline of MI age, which indicates that the progression of urbanization as a way of life has been of prime importance. PMID- 7137939 TI - Increase in length of leg relative to trunk in Japanese children and adults from 1957 to 1977: comparison with British and with Japanese Americans. AB - The secular trends in height, sitting height and leg length in Japanese children have been studied by fitting Preece-Baines Model I curves to the annual mean values from ages five to 17 of school data collected in 1957, 1967 and 1977. The method provides estimates of final adult value, and of age of maximum annual increment. Between 1957 and 1977 the maximal increments in height, sitting height and leg length all became earlier, by about a year in boys and a little less in girls. Japanese now mature about a year earlier than North Europeans. Adult height increased by 4.3 cm in boys and 2.7 cm in girls between 1957 and 1977, the increment being less in the second decade than in the first. Sitting height showed practically no increase whatever; almost the whole secular trend was due to change in leg length. Japanese now have trunk/leg proportions much more similar to those of North Europeans than was the case 20 years ago, but their adult height remains about one standard deviation lower. PMID- 7137940 TI - Time-series analysis of stature and body weight in five siblings. AB - Since 1971, stature and body weight in five siblings have been measured monthly. Time-series analysis of stature, body weight and their increments per month was made by the Program of Census Method IIX11 resulting in three components: a trend and-cycle factor, a seasonal factor and an irregular factor. Significant seasonal variation was found in both stature and body weight. In two young subjects, trend curves of stature are very close to each other while those of body weight are different. Trend factor in increment indicates that growth rate of stature or body weight fluctuates, instead of being smooth, suggesting that from birth to maturity acceleration and deceleration occur alternately, like repeated retardations and subsequent catch-ups. A high peak of body weight increment precedes menarche by 1 1/2 years in two girls. In one case, no adolescent spurt in stature was observed while a high peak appeared in body weight in that period. Irregularity in stature is about one-tenth that of body weight when the two are compared in terms of the ratio of SD of irregular factor/mean of trend factor. The raw data are given in an appendix. PMID- 7137941 TI - Shifting patterns of sex dimorphism in three Japanese populations. AB - Levels of sex dimorphism among three related Japanese populations were calculated for 19 anthropometric variates. Two of the groups were born and raised contemporaneously in Japan; one remained there permanently (the sedentes) and the other migrated to Hawaii. The third group comprised the Hawaii-born offspring of the migrants. The results show a clear reduction in levels of sex dimorphism in the migrants as compared to both the sedentes and the Hawaii-born. Upon finding that the migrant females were generally larger than those of the other two groups, and after reviewing certain sociocultural phenomena related to the migration, it is hypothesized that the reduction in sex dimorphism was a transient change brought about by preferential choice of mates by the male migrants. PMID- 7137942 TI - Growth status of Korean schoolchildren in Japan. AB - The growth status of 845 Korean schoolchildren born and raised in Japan aged between 6 and 17 years in 1978 was studied. The schoolchildren, 403 boys and 442 girls, were urban residents. Height, weight, weight/height, chest circumference/height and sitting height/height of Korean schoolchildren in Japan were compared with those of Japanese children in Japan and Korean children in Korea. Korean schoolchildren in Japan were taller, heavier and relatively longer legged at most ages than native Korean children of the same sex and age. In comparison with the Japanese children, Korean schoolchildren in Japan were slightly taller at every age and in early adolescence lighter and more slender for a given height. These results provide evidence of a more favourable environment of Korean children in Japan as compared with children in Korea. PMID- 7137943 TI - A multivariate analysis of the role of certain anthropometric and physiological attributes in distance running. AB - Previous studies have indicated the relative importance of not only cardiovascular-respiratory function but physical dimensions and body composition as factors involved in success in distance running. A total of 114 Japanese young, middle- and long-distance runners (age = 19 X 0 +/- 1 X 7 yr) served as subjects. Anthropometric characteristics were assessed before the measurement of VO2max (open circuit method) and Qmax (CO2 rebreathing method). Among many anthropometric variables, chest girth, upper leg length and thigh girth were best related to performances over 800, 1500 and 5000 metres, while upper arm girth, the Rohrer Index, and the Ponderal Index represented the 10000m performance. As a result of factor analysis and the multiple regression analysis, three factors (i.e., linearity of physique, girth of physique, and subcutaneous fat) were extracted, and the first two factors were nearly equally related to the 800m, and 1500m and 5000m performances. The 10000m, however, was best accounted for by the second factor. Approximately 20-40% of the variance in the performances was explained by three anthropometric variables. VO2max and Qmax, combined in a linear model, also accounted for approximately 20-40% of the variance in the performances. We conclude that anthropometric attributes would predict the distance running performance to about the same degree as physiological attributes. This may be partly attributed to the homogeneity of the present subjects in terms of their running abilities. PMID- 7137944 TI - Effect of dietary restriction with and without excess leucine on hepatic tryptophan oxygenase, 3-hydroxyanthranilate oxygenase and leucine aminotransferase in rats. AB - Tryptophan oxygenase (EC 1.13.1.12), 3-hydroxyanthranilate oxygenase (EC 1.13.1.6) and leucine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.6) activities were determined in livers of rats subjected to different dietary restrictions, with and without excess leucine. The activities of all three enzymes were significantly increased with undernutrition in animals not receiving excess leucine. Excess leucine with moderate undernutrition (50% ad libitum intake) further induced this effect while excess leucine with severe restriction (25% ad libitum intake) acted in the opposite direction. PMID- 7137945 TI - Physiological effects of varying dietary linoleic acid in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - The effect of dietary variations in linoleic acid (LA) on the development of hypertension was studied in young male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). All groups developed elevated systolic blood pressures, but after 7 weeks on the experimental diets the blood pressures of the rats fed the diet with a low LA content (0.17% as supplied by 8% coconut oil) were significantly lower than the group fed a high level of LA (9.5% as supplied by 17% corn oil) in the diet. Rats fed the high LA diet had increased urine output and developed a mild but persistent polydipsia. After 4 months on the experimental diets, potassium excretion was decreased in proportion to the amount of LA in the diet but sodium excretion was not altered. Serum potassium was significantly elevated in the group fed high LA after 5 months. The effects of LA on hypertension of SHR appear to be opposite to those observed during salt-induced hypertension. Since LA is the dietary precursor of the prostaglandins, the effects observed may be due to the availability of precursor for renal prostaglandin synthesis which has been reported to be altered in SHR. PMID- 7137946 TI - Use of fibroblast culture to diagnose and genotype familial hypercholesterolaemia. PMID- 7137947 TI - A model of L(+)-lactate metabolism in normal man. AB - Mathematical models were used to study the elimination of L(+)-lactate during and after an intravenous load of unlabelled sodium L(+)-lactate in 20 normal postprandial subjects. Clearance of L(+)-lactate from blood was 17.9 +/- 1.1 ml (kg BW)-1 min-1 and the endogenous production rate of L(+)-lactate at rest was 1.38 +/- 0.16 mol (70 kg BW)-1 24 h-1. Clearance and production were unchanged after a 36-hour fast in 4 subjects. Renal excretion of L(+)-lactate accounted for less than 1.2% of the infused load. Clearance of L(+)-lactate was closely related to the pre-infusion concentrations of ketone bodies and alanine. PMID- 7137948 TI - Effects of fasting and subsequent feeding of a complete or tryptophan-free diet on the activity of DNA-synthesizing enzymes and protein synthesis in gastric mucosa of rats. PMID- 7137949 TI - Vitamin E and lipogenesis in the mammalian liver. AB - Mice on tocopherol-supplemented and cod-liver-oil-enriched diets were given intraperitoneal injections of tritiated water. The fatty acids and cholesterol from their livers were then extracted and counted. Tocopherol supplementation depressed fatty acid but not cholesterol synthesis. Cod-liver oil (a vitamin E antagonist) elevated fatty acid but not cholesterol synthesis. In both cases, these effects were cancelled or reversed after about 20 days' ingestion of the diet. PMID- 7137950 TI - Lack of induction of VLDL apoprotein synthesis by medium chain fatty acids in the isolated rat liver. AB - Long chain fatty acids (greater than C16) are known to induce the liver synthesis of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) apoproteins. Since medium chain (less than C16) triglycerides are used as dietary fats and in parenteral nutrition, we have investigated the relative uptake, esterification and oxidation of 14C-labelled fatty acids of a chain length of C10-C14 by the perfused rat liver compared to palmitic acid at two different concentrations: tracer (control) and overload (200 or 600 mumol/200 ml perfusate). The effect on VLDL apoprotein synthesis was simultaneously estimated by 3H-leucine incorporation. The results show: (1) a rapid liver uptake of all fatty acids; (2) a substantial incorporation into liver lipids of C12-C14 and C16, and (3) a higher oxidation rate of medium chain compared to long chain fatty acids; a lack of induction of VLDL apolipoprotein by an overload of fatty acids shorter than palmitic acid in spite of their utilisation for liver and VLDL lipid synthesis. Possible explanations for these differences are discussed. PMID- 7137951 TI - Zinc deficiency: improvement in growth and growth hormone levels with oral zinc therapy. AB - A 14-year-old girl and a 13-year-old boy were found to be growth hormone deficient by insulin-arginine stimulation tests, and were also found to be zinc deficient. When oral zinc replacement was given, they both had a significant increase in growth rate which continued for at least 2 years, and subsequent growth hormone tests were normal. PMID- 7137952 TI - Trehalase deficiency. Prevalence and relation to single-cell protein food. AB - Perspectives in nutrition suggest a greater use of single-cell proteins in the future. The problems of a high purine content and of potential allergens have been solved by technology. The single-cell proteins may contain trehalose, the absorption of which by the human intestine necessitates prior hydrolysis by trehalase, a specific brush-border disaccharidase. The enzymatic analysis of 100 intestinal biopsies discovered 2 cases of very low trehalase level, with an expected clinical intolerance to even small doses of trehalose. It is concluded that tolerance to high doses of trehalose should be excellent in about 98% of healthy people. PMID- 7137953 TI - Comparative effects of semisynthetic D-5-vinyl-2-thiooxazolidone and water extracted rapeseed meal in the rat. AB - The toxic effect of two levels of semisynthetic D-5-vinyl-2-thiooxazolidone (VTO) (0.006 and 0.0012%) was compared in rats with that of 0.005% of the same substance present in 'detoxified' rapeseed meal (DRSM). Diets containing 10% protein as casein (control group) or DRSM were tested. Growth rates and protein efficiency ratio with DRSM were slightly less than in the controls. VTO did not affect the growth rate and seems to increase the protein efficiency ratio. Liver and thyroid weights were normal in rats fed DRSM. VTO increased liver weight independently of the concentration in the diet. The The effect on thyroid weight was proportional to VTO concentration, and the glands reached weights twice or three times that of normal. Both levels of semisynthetic VTO led to damage of the hepatic parenchyma. Liver weight was increased. Animals receiving DRSM did not show differences either in liver weight or histology compared to the controls. Thyroid histology of animals fed VTO or DRSM showed smaller follicles lined by tall cells and reduction of lumenal colloid. These changes were more severe in animals fed VTO. It is postulated that both VTO and isothiocyanate may decrease thyroid hormone production which in turn stimulates TRH and TSH release leading to glandular hyperplasia and hypertrophy. PMID- 7137954 TI - Utilization of L(+) lactate in patients with liver disease. AB - Clearance of intravenously infused sodium L(+) lactate was slower in 37 patients with liver disease (14.5 +/- 0.9 ml (kg BW)-1min-1) than in 20 normal subjects (17.9 +/- 1.1 ml (kg BW)-1min-1). This difference is statistically significant (2p less than 0.0125). Impairment of L(+) lactate utilization was not related to the aetiology of the liver disease. Both increased production and decreased utilization of L(+) lactate were found in patients with secondary malignancy of the liver. Penetration of L(+) lactate into ascitic fluid was variable and estimates of L(+) lactate utilization may be unreliable if ascites is present. PMID- 7137955 TI - Prostaglandin formation in man during intake of different amounts of linoleic acid in formula diets. AB - Prostaglandin formation in healthy female volunteers was investigated during intake of different amounts of linoleic acid in liquid formula diets (LFD). The average amounts of the metabolites convertible to tetranorprostanedioic acid (TNPDA) were 123 +/- 5.2 (x +/- SEM), 175 +/- 7.0 and 352 +/- 10.8 microgram/day, during 2-week periods with a linoleic acid supply of 0, 4 or 20% of energy, respectively. The day-by-day variations in prostaglandin formation were less than the changes observed due to different amounts of linoleic acid. High linoleic acid intake was followed by an increase of TNPDA in the urine after 3-4 days, which was more pronounced when the linoleic acid intake during the period before had been low. In all persons, the highest amount of TNPDA, 411 +/- 13.2 microgram/day, was found between days 5 and 10 of high linoleic acid intake. From day 11 through day 14 an average of 372 +/- 14.3 microgram/day was found and the values were lower in 5 of 6 persons as compared to the values found between days 5 and 10. At the end of the experiment with LFD providing a linoleic acid supply of 0, 4 or 20% of energy, the percentage of cholesteryl linoleate in plasma increased (35 +/- 1.8, 48 +/- 1.0, 63 +/- 0.6) while those of cholesterylarachidonate decreased (14 +/- 1.0, 10 +/- 0.6, 8 +/- 0.6). During the periods without linoleic acid intake the TNPDA excretion was lowest in all persons. A reduction in linoleic acid supply resulted in a decrease of urinary TNPDA within 1 day. PMID- 7137956 TI - Effect of vitamin B6 and B1 deficiencies on the intestinal uptake of calcium, zinc and cadmium. AB - A chronic vitamin B6 deficiency in rats resulted in a non-specific increase (44- 51%) in the in vitro intestinal uptake of both essential (Ca and Zn) and non essential toxic metal (Cd) ions, whereas an acute B6-deficient state only affected the Zn uptake rate. In vitamin B1-deficient animals, a specific decrease (30-32%) was observed in Ca and Zn uptake with a 59% increase in the intestinal uptake of Cd. These altered metal ion uptake rates were probably not a result of hormonal disturbances due to the vitamin-deficient states. PMID- 7137957 TI - Alterations in intestinal function in response to thyroxine and cortisone administration in undernourished rats. AB - Imposition of undernutrition during the suckling period considerably enhanced the intestinal uptake of D-glucose and glycine compared to a control group. Brush border sucrase, and alkaline phosphatase activities were drastically reduced while lactase and leucine amino peptidase levels were significantly elevated at weaning in nutritionally deprived pups as compared to control animals. Cortisone administration to undernourished rats depressed the uptake of D-glucose but stimulated that of glycine. Thyroxine treatment to undernourished animals reduced the uptake of glucose but had no effect on glycine absorption. Brush border sucrase and alkaline phosphatase activities were stimulated in cortisone- or thyroxine-injected undernourished rats but lactase activity was depressed under these conditions. Leucine aminopeptidase activity remained unaffected in cortisone- or thyroxine-administered undernourished pups. PMID- 7137958 TI - The laboratory diagnosis of mild myasthenia gravis. PMID- 7137959 TI - Alcohol and Parkinson disease. PMID- 7137960 TI - Tetrabenazine has properties of a dopamine receptor antagonist. AB - Tetrabenazine is considered to act in a manner similar to reserpine to reduce the involuntary movements of tardive dyskinesia or Huntington's disease and to improve psychoses. We determined that tetrabenazine also has properties of a dopamine receptor antagonist by testing the ability of tetrabenazine to block the inhibitory effect of dopamine on prolactin secretion from rat anterior pituitary glands in vitro and to displace 3H-spiperone binding to dopamine receptors in the pituitary, corpus striatum, and a rat transplantable prolactin-secreting tumor. Under in vitro conditions, 0.5 to 10 microM tetrabenazine directly blocked dopaminergic inhibition of prolactin secretion. Furthermore, 1 hour after tetrabenazine injection (30 mg/kg intraperitoneally) in vivo, when the serum prolactin had increased from 22 +/- 9 to 450 +/- 52 ng/ml (p less than 0.01), pituitary glands of the treated rats examined in vitro were refractory to dopaminergic inhibition of prolactin release. Tetrabenazine apparently interacts with the dopamine receptor because this drug displaced the dopamine antagonist 3H spiperone from dopamine receptors of the three different tissues with an apparent inhibitory constant of about 5 microM. We conclude that tetrabenazine has biological and pharmacological properties typical of a dopamine receptor antagonist. These observations should stimulate a reevaluation of the mechanisms for the actions of tetrabenazine previously attributed exclusively to a "reserpine-like" effect. PMID- 7137961 TI - A defect in catecholamine metabolism in kinky-hair disease. PMID- 7137962 TI - 3-O-methyldopa blocks dopa metabolism in rat corpus striatum. AB - 3-O-Methyldopa (OMD) given to rats inhibits striatal uptake and utilization of L dopa. Thus, the accumulation of L-dopa, dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and homovanillic acid in OMD-pretreated rats after L-dopa injection is significantly lower compared with control rats. This effect of OMD is dose dependent. OMD inhibits L-dopa accumulation in the striatum after inhibition of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase activity with 3-hydroxybenzylhydrazine-HCL. This effect is not mediated through inhibition of firing in dopaminergic neurons, since the accumulation of dopamine in the striatum after gamma-butyrolactone injection was also significantly reduced by OMD. It is suggested that OMD competes with L-dopa and tyrosine uptake into the brain. These findings are in line with clinical observations which indicate that high plasma levels of OMD in parkinsonian patients are associated with poor response to L-dopa. The data presented here indicate that use of catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors with L-dopa may be of value in the treatment of parkinsonian patients. PMID- 7137964 TI - Neurofibrillary axonal pathology in aluminum intoxication. PMID- 7137963 TI - Characterization of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors in human temporal arteries: comparison between migraine suffers and nonsufferers. AB - An increase in the sensitivity of temporal arteries to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) has repeatedly been suggested on indirect evidence as an essential component of a migraine attack. We examined the 5-HT reactivity of isolated human temporal arteries removed from migraine sufferers and from patients operated on because of cerebral disorders. 5-HT constricted these vessels in a concentration-dependent manner, the response being attenuated by 10-8 tp 10-6 M methysergide. There was no difference in reactivity to 5-HT or methysergide between vessels from the two patient groups. The pA2 value calculated for methysergide in controls was 7.8 +/- 0.1 and in migraine patients, 7.6 +/- 0.2, which closely agreed with data obtained graphically using Schild plots: 7.8 amd 7.7. respectively. No difference existed between the patient groups due to age or sex. Thus, clear evidence has been obtained demonstrating the presence of 5-HT receptors in human temporal arteries, although we could observe no difference in the character of the 5-HT receptors between migraine patients and controls. PMID- 7137965 TI - Cataplexy in variant forms of Niemann-Pick disease. PMID- 7137966 TI - Primitive reflexes and cognitive function in the elderly. PMID- 7137967 TI - Concanavalin A binding of the cell surface of Duchenne muscle in vitro. PMID- 7137971 TI - Neuropathological basis for diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 7137970 TI - Predictive value of intrusion errors as a differential diagnostic sign of Alzheimer disease. PMID- 7137969 TI - Entrapment of the suprascapular nerve at the spinoglenoid notch. PMID- 7137968 TI - Sleep-induced nonobstructive hypoventilation associated with diaphragmatic paralysis. PMID- 7137972 TI - [Identification of the antibiotic formed by a Str. canulus 106/78 culture with antibiotic CC-1065]. AB - An antibiotic with a melting point of at least 340 degrees C, [alpha]D + 100 degrees (c 1 per cent in dimethylformamide) was isolated from the mycelium of Str. canulus 106/78. Calculated (%): C 60.63, H 4.69, N 13.6. The UV spectrum of the antibiotic (in methanol solution) showed the terminal absorption, shoulder at 265 nm and maximum at 375 nm. In dimethylformamide solution the UV absorption maximum was observed at 370 nm with E1 1% cm 845. The IR, FMR and 13C-NMR spectra of antibiotic 106 are analogous to the respective spectra of antibiotic CC-1065 which is indicative of their identity. PMID- 7137975 TI - [Antibiotic sensitivity of opportunistic bacteria isolated from patients]. AB - Sensitivity of 147 Enterobacteria strains isolated from feces of various patients was determined with the method of serial dilutions on solid nutrient media. 8 antibiotics were tested. By genera (species) the microorganisms were arranged in the following order: E. coli (65 strains), Citrobacter (33 strains), E. cloacae (15 strains), Serratia liquefaciens (9 strains), Hafnia (6 strains), Klebsiella (4 strains), Pectobacterium (3 strains), non-identified organisms (13 strains). The majority of the strains were resistant to levomycetin (chloramphenicol), morphocycline, tetracycline and tetraolean and at the same time sensitive to streptomycin, neomycin, monomycin and kanamycin. 18 combinations of resistance were found. Repeated examinations of the specimens from the same patient revealed changes in the species composition of the cultures and subsequently in the antibiotic sensitivity spectrum. PMID- 7137974 TI - [Multiple antibiotic resistance of actinomycetes from the nodules and rhizosphere of the alder]. AB - A total of 10 actinomycetous strains isolated from the root nitrogen-fixing tubercles and rhizosphere of alder were studied with respect to their sensitivity to 17 widely used antibiotics. By their cultural and morphological properties the isolates belonged to 3 groups. The strains were characterized by multiple resistance to the antibiotics. They were resistant to nalidixic acid, clindamycin and lincomycin and sensitive to novobiocin and vancomycin. Their behaviour with respect to the other antibiotics was diverse. The resistance spectra were specific of the strains belonging to groups I and II. The strains of group III were more heterogeneous by the character of their antibiotic sensitivity. The results of the study may be used for development of selective conditions for isolation of unusual actinomycetes from the alder tubercles and rhizosphere. The data on the diverse effect of some antibiotics on the growth and development of aerial mycelium of the strains belonging to group III may be used in the studies on cell differentiation of actinomycetes. PMID- 7137973 TI - [Cytomorphological changes in a culture of Streptomyces rimosus, the producer of oxytetracycline, in the presence of different foam retardants]. AB - The data on the effect of chemical foam suppressors of various classes on the morphogenesis of 2 strains of Streptomyces rimosus are presented. Correlation between the age of the culture and its reaction to unfavourable conditions is confirmed. During the first 24 hours of the growth the culture is most sensitive to low aeration rates, addition of the foam suppressors, fat deficiency in the medium. Among the foam suppressors used propinol B-400 had the most significant effect on the cells: destruction of the cell coating, marked changes in the morphogenesis and nucleocytosis of the hyphae of the second generation responsible mainly for the antibiotic biosynthesis. A more active strain was more subject to the foam suppressor toxic effect. PMID- 7137976 TI - [Antistaphylococcal activity in interferon preparations]. AB - Antistaphylococcal bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity was detected in the preparations of human leucocytic interferon of the native type. Such an activity could not be neutralized by the interferon antibodies. However, it was usually lost during the process of interferon purification. It is concluded that this antistaphylococcal activity is not related to interferon and is due to other factors which can be isolated with induced leucocytes. PMID- 7137977 TI - [Effect of gamma irradiation on interferon production and cell metabolism]. PMID- 7137978 TI - [Acute toxic action of combinations of antibiotics with isoniazid]. AB - Acute toxicity of isoniazid combinations with rifampicin or various streptomycin salts was studied on 1237 noninbred mice. The toxic effect of the combinations of the drugs in different weight ratios was estimated with the method of graphic analysis of Leve and Muischnek. The experiments showed that rifampicin and streptomycin had no effect on isoniazid ability to induce spasms. The combination of isoniazid with rifampicin had an additive action with an insignificant decrease in the toxic effect. 1 : 2 was the most optimal ratio of the drugs. When the mixture of isoniazid and streptomycin was used in the same syringe, the toxicity increased. However, injection of these drugs alone with an interval of 1 2 minutes had a more favourable additive effect when used in an optimal ratio of 1 : 1.6. PMID- 7137979 TI - Pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid administered alone and in combination. AB - The pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, administered alone and in combination, were studied in six male and six female normal human volunteers. Each ingested 500 mg of amoxicillin or 125 mg of clavulanic acid or the above agents in combination in randomized sequences. The results indicate that most of the parameters tested for either substance are essentially independent of the presence of the other one. PMID- 7137980 TI - Distribution of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid in infected animals and efficacy against experimental infections. AB - The therapeutic effects produced by formulations of amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid (BRL 25 000A and BRL 25 000G) were compared with those of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid separately against a variety of infections produced by amoxicillin-susceptible and beta-lactamase-producing (amoxicillin-resistant) bacteria. The infection models studied included intraperitoneal infections, a mouse pneumonia, experimental pyelonephritis, and local lesions caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Bacteroides fragilis. The distribution of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid in infected animals after the administration of amoxicillin clavulanic acid was evaluated by measurement of the concentrations of the substances present in specimens collected at the sites of infection. The results showed that both amoxicillin and clavulanic acid were well distributed in the animal body after the administration of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid formulations, being present in significant concentrations at various sites of infection, e.g., peritoneal washings, pleural fluid, pus, and infected tissue homogenates. In a number of cases, the amoxicillin concentrations measured after the administration of BRL 25000 were higher than those found after treatment with amoxicillin alone, presumably as a result of inhibition of bacterial beta-lactamases by clavulanic acid at the site of infection. The ability of clavulanic acid to protect amoxicillin in vivo was confirmed by the efficacy of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid formulations in the treatment of the infections studied, most of which were refractory to therapy with amoxicillin. PMID- 7137981 TI - Inactivation of amikacin and gentamicin by carbenicillin in patients with end stage renal failure. AB - Aminoglycosides are inactivated by carbenicillin in vitro and in patients with end-stage renal failure. In vitro, amikacin is inactivated to a lesser extent than is gentamicin. In five patients on chronic hemodialysis, serum levels of amikacin alone and after repeated intravenous carbenicillin infusions were determined. Analogous gentamicin studies were conducted with five different patients. Neither amikacin serum levels nor serum clearances were affected by carbenicillin. The mean gentamicin serum half-life was significantly lower in the presence of carbenicillin: 18.4 +/- 8.2 compared with 61.6 +/- 30.7 h. Serum clearance increased significantly. The inactivation of gentamicin by carbenicillin was both time related (greater than 12 h of exposure) and concentration dependent (molar carbenicillin/gentamicin ratios greater than or equal to 39:1). Amikacin would be preferable to gentamicin in patients with end stage renal failure. PMID- 7137982 TI - Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin: observations in 28 patients and dosage recommendations. AB - Studies of the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin were conducted in a group of 28 patients with serious staphylococcal infection. Serum specimens were collected before and on 11 occasions after vancomycin administration. Serum concentration time data were fitted to a biexponential equation, using nonlinear regression analysis. A prolonged distribution phase with a half-life of 0.5 +/- 0.3 h (standard deviation) and a central component volume of 9.0 +/- 4.0 liters were demonstrated. Wide interpatient variation was observed in the terminal half-life which ranged from 3 to 13 h (mean, 6 h) and in the distribution volume which ranged from 14 to 111 liters (mean, 39 liters). A correlation of 0.45 (Pearson product moment correlation coefficient) was found between vancomycin clearance and creatinine clearance. Multiple regression analyses demonstrated that 50% of the variance (R2) in the terminal half-life and vancomycin clearance could be explained on the basis of renal function, volume of distribution, age, weight, and sex. These observations suggest that adults with normal renal function should receive an initial dosage of 6.5 to 8 mg of vancomycin per kg intravenously over 1 h every 6 to 12 h. After 24 h, and through the period of therapy, trough and peak serum vancomycin concentrations should be monitored, and the dose and dosage interval should be changed to produce the desired peak (30 to 40 micrograms/ml) and trough (5 to 10 micrograms/ml) levels. PMID- 7137983 TI - Treatment of experimental herpes simplex virus encephalitis with (E)-5-(2 bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine in mice. AB - (E)-5-(2-Bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BVDU) was examined for its ability to increase the survival rate of mice infected intracerebrally with herpes simplex virus type 1 (strain KOS). BVDU was administered orally (through the drinking water), intraperitoneally, or subcutaneously at doses ranging from 40 to 400 mg/kg per day, starting 0, 2, 4, or 6 days postinfection. Regardless of the route of administration, BVDU effected a significant reduction in the mortality rate of mice infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 if treatment was initiated shortly after virus infection, i.e., day 0 or 2 (or day 4, if BVDU was administered subcutaneously) postinfection, at a dosage of 80 mg/kg per day or higher. Similar beneficial effects were noted with orally administered BVDU in mice inoculated intraperitoneally or intranasally with herpes simplex virus type 1. These findings establish the therapeutic efficacy of BVDU in the systemic treatment of herpes simplex virus type 1 encephalitis in mice. PMID- 7137984 TI - Activity of metronidazole and its hydroxy and acid metabolites against clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria. AB - Susceptibility of clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria to metronidazole and its two oxidation products, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-hydroxymethyl-5-nitroimidazole (the "alcohol" metabolite) and 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole-1-acetic acid (the "acid" metabolite), were determined by the agar dilution technique. Results disclosed that the alcohol metabolite, although less active than metronidazole, inhibited the organisms tested at levels considered susceptible for metronidazole. The acid metabolite was less active, not inhibiting the organisms at levels within the susceptible range. In other studies, mixtures of known concentrations of metronidazole and the metabolites were assayed in a bioassay system used to measure metronidazole levels. These studies showed that the bioassay will measure metronidazole or the alcohol metabolite; the acid metabolite is not measured at levels achieved in clinical specimens. Since the activity of the alcohol metabolite is comparable to that of metronidazole, we feel that microbiological assays can be used for therapeutic monitoring of metronidazole levels in clinical situations. PMID- 7137985 TI - Penetration of cefazolin into normal and osteomyelitic canine cortical bone. AB - The ability of cefazolin to cross the capillary membrane and its concentrations in the interstitial fluid spaces were studied in normal and osteomyelitic canine bone. The maximum extraction after a single capillary passage and the net extraction after 3 min, determined with triple-tracer indicator-dilution techniques, demonstrated that cefazolin readily traversed the capillaries of normal and osteomyelitic bone. These studies suggest that the altered pathophysiology of osteomyelitic tissue and the complex diffusional characteristics of cefazolin enhanced the ability of this agent to cross the endothelial cells lining the capillaries of osteomyelitic bone. Volume of distribution studies demonstrated that cefazolin was distributed in the plasma and interstitial fluid spaces of normal cortical bone. Although these spaces were increased 330 and 941% in osteomyelitic tissue, the distribution of cefazolin increased proportionally. There was a direct correlation between the calculated concentrations of cefazolin in the interstitial fluid spaces of normal and osteomyelitic cortical bone and the simultaneous serum levels in animals in which a steady-state equilibrium had been achieved. These studies suggest that a physiological barrier or concentration gradient for cefazolin does not exist in normal or osteomyelitic bone. Cefazolin can cross the capillary membranes of bone and achieve bactericidal concentrations in the interstitial fluid space of normal and osteomyelitic tissue. PMID- 7137987 TI - In vitro susceptibilities of Aeromonas hydrophila against new antibiotics. AB - The antibiotic susceptibilities of 16 clinical isolates of Aeromonas hydrophila obtained from cancer patients with septicemia were studied. Of the new beta lactam antibiotics tested, azthreonam and moxalactam were the most active, followed by cefoperazone, cefotaxime, and ceftizoxime. Excellent activity was demonstrated by chloroamphenicol, tetracycline, aminoglycosides, and trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole. Semisynthetic penicillins had no appreciable activity against this organism. PMID- 7137986 TI - Reduction of experimental gentamicin nephrotoxicity in rats by dietary calcium loading. AB - Since gentamicin accumulates in the renal cortex before renal failure and calcium reduces gentamicin binding to cell membranes, we examined the effect of dietary calcium loading on gentamicin toxicity in male F344 rats. Rats were fed either a normal (0.5%)- or a high (4%)-calcium-content chow. Calcium loading did not alter inulin clearance, urinary excretion of sodium or total osmoles, or serum ionized calcium. However, calcium loading caused elevation of urinary calcium excretion and lowered urinary cyclic AMP levels. The data suggest that calcium loading may have slowed the accumulation of gentamicin (40 mg/kg per day) by the renal cortex. Histological and functional evidence of nephrotoxicity was delayed in onset and attenuated in magnitude. The results indicate that dietary calcium loading reduces experimental gentamicin nephrotoxicity. Protection may be associated with slower renal cortical accumulation of gentamicin. Calcium dependent membrane or intracellular events may mediate this effect. PMID- 7137988 TI - In vitro activities of thirteen beta-lactam antibiotics against Chlamydia trachomatis. AB - The in vitro activity (minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal lethal concentration) of 13 beta-lactam antibiotics against two laboratory strains of Chlamydia trachomatis was compared. No useful activity could be detected. PMID- 7137989 TI - Upper respiratory tract epithelial cells as a component of local immunity against influenza. AB - A conjugate of influenza virus and erythrocytes was used to detect and quantitatively determine the occurrence of respiratory epithelial cells carrying surface-associated antibody. The method was specific since uncoated erythrocytes, or erythrocytes coated with heterologous virus failed to attach. Epithelial cells carrying surface-bound anti-influenza virus antibodies (Ab) were found in the upper respiratory tract of 23 influenza patients and 117 healthy persons during and after an influenza A(H1N1) outbreak, and in 13 volunteers immunized with killed influenza A(H1N1) vaccine. Furthermore, the appearance of Ab-carrying cells correlated with that of circulating and secretory Ab in washings from the same individuals. The results suggest that the respiratory epithelial cells play an important role in the development and function of local anti-influenza immunity. PMID- 7137990 TI - Comparative therapeutic effect of aerosolized and oral rimantadine HCl in experimental human influenza A virus infection. AB - Thirty-six adult volunteers were inoculated intranasally with 7.2 log10 egg infectious doses 50% of an attenuated A/Khabarovsk/77/H1N1 virus. Twenty-four hours later volunteers were begun on both aerosol treatments (rimantadine HCl 25 mg in saline or saline, 10 min exposure twice daily) and oral medications (rimantadine HCl 50 mg or placebo every 6 h, three times daily) which were administered for 5 days. Virus-positive volunteers receiving placebo by both of the two routes had a peak in clinical illness scores on the second treatment day (mean score 5.3), which was not observed in either the aerosol rimantadine (0.6) or oral rimantadine (0.9) treated volunteers. On the second treatment day, the proportion of virus-positive volunteers with elevated axillary temperature measurements and the mean peak temperature measurement were also significantly reduced in both drug groups. No significant effects on the duration of virus shedding were noted. In experimental influenza A virus infection, characterized by mild clinical illness and short duration of virus shedding, low doses of aerosolized rimantadine had a therapeutic effect comparable to that found with larger doses of oral rimantadine. PMID- 7137991 TI - Effects of instrumental consumption on children's food preference. PMID- 7137992 TI - Gnawing is the preferred consummatory behavior initially induced by tail pinch. PMID- 7137993 TI - Dietary experience and sweet taste preference in human infants. PMID- 7137994 TI - Effects of age and feeding regimen on protein and carbohydrate self-selection. PMID- 7137995 TI - Starch content of ordinary foods associatively conditions human appetite and satiation, indexed by intake and eating pleasantness of starch-paired flavours. PMID- 7137996 TI - Age-dependent suppression of body weight gain by exogenous glycerol. PMID- 7137997 TI - Detection of glucose oxidation products in chilled fresh beef undergoing spoilage. AB - The fate of nutrients during storage of longissimus dorsi muscle at 4 degrees C was examined. Glucose concentrations in meat were shown to decrease concomitantly with an approximately fourfold increase in the activity of glucose dehydrogenase. Gluconate concentrations in meat were determined by an enzyme assay and shown to increase from 2.1 to 40.6 microgram/g upon storage of the meat from day 0 to day 6. At day 12, gluconate concentrations had decreased to 5.8 microgram/g. Dark firm dry meat, which contains little or no glucose, did not exhibit the same rise and fall in gluconate concentration. Thin-layer chromatographic analysis confirmed the presence of 2-ketogluconate in 6- and 12-day-old longissimus dorsi muscle that had been stored at 4 degrees C. Gluconate concentrations in irradiated sterile meat inoculated with Pseudomonas fluorescens increased from 4.2 to 77.8 microgram/g during the first 6 days of storage at 4 degrees C. Therefore, glucose in meat stored at 4 degrees C appeared to be converted to gluconate, 2-ketogluconate, or both extracellularly by one of the main meat spoilage organisms, most likely the pseudomonads. PMID- 7137999 TI - Microbiological quality of macaroni and noodle products obtained at retail markets. AB - The microbiological quality of macaroni and noodle products was determined by a statistically based national survey at the retail level. Geometric means of aerobic plate counts for macaroni and noodle products were 520 and 1,400 per g, respectively. Means for yeast and mold counts were 72 per g for macaroni and 100 per g for noodles. Means for counts of coliforms and Staphylococcus aureus were less than 3 per g for both products. Escherichia coli was not found in macaroni but was present in 0.5% of the noodle samples and ranged from 3 to 93 per g. PMID- 7137998 TI - Antimicrobial properties of diacetyl. AB - Diacetyl preparations from three commercial sources were found to be essentially similar when tested primarily against a set of 40 cultures, including 10 of lactic acid bacteria, 4 of yeasts, 12 of gram-positive non-lactic acid bacteria, and 14 of gram-negative bacteria. The compound was effective at pH less than or equal to 7.0 and progressively ineffective at pH greater than 7.0. The lactic acid bacteria were essentially unaffected by concentrations between 100 and 350 micrograms/ml over the pH range of 5.0 to 7.0. Of the 12 gram-positive non-lactic acid bacteria, 11 were inhibited by 300 micrograms/ml at pH less than or equal to 7.0. The three yeasts and the 13 gram-negative bacteria that grew at pH 5.5 were inhibited by 200 micrograms/ml. Diacetyl was ineffective against four clostridia under anaerobic conditions. It was lethal for gram-negative bacteria and generally inhibitory for gram-positive bacteria. Nongrowing cells were not affected. The effectiveness of diacetyl was considerably less in brain heart infusion broth, Trypticase soy agar, and cooked-meat medium than in nutrient broth or plate count agar. The antimicrobial activity was antagonized by glucose, acetate, and Tween 80 but not by gluconic acid. As an antimicrobial agent, diacetyl was clearly more effective against gram-negative bacteria, yeasts, and molds than against gram-positive bacteria. PMID- 7138000 TI - Water disinfection with the hydrogen peroxide-ascorbic acid-copper (II) system. AB - Treatment of secondary effluents with hydrogen peroxide (10 mg/liter)-ascorbic acid (10 mg/liter)-Cu2+ (0.5 mg/liter) for 60 min resulted in around 99% reduction of the initial plate count. Hydrogen peroxide could be replaced by other peroxygen compounds; ascorbic acid could be replaced by other reducing agents, of which sodium sulfite and ethanol were the most effective. Cu2+, however, could not be replaced by other metal ions without loss of bactericidal efficiency of the ternary combination. Enterobacteriaceae, total and fecal coliforms, staphylococci, and micrococci were reduced by 99.0 to 99.9%. Group D streptococci aerobic spores were reduced by 80 and 15%, respectively. Clostridium perfringens, yeasts, and molds were not killed by the disinfectant combinations. The effect of pH was only minor in the range from 6 to 7.5. At a higher pH value the bactericidal effects tended to decrease. The hydrogen peroxide-ascorbic acid Cu2+ combination made it possible to obtain 99% reduction within 30 min. When using the hydrogen peroxide-sodium sulfite-Cu2+ or the hydrogen peroxide-ethanol Cu2+ combinations, 60 min of contact time was necessary to obtain 99% reduction of the initial plate count. Cu2+ combined to an intermediate product of the ascorbic acid autoxidation is the toxic agent, and its penetration into the cell is promoted by hydrogen peroxide. PMID- 7138001 TI - Role of blastospores in protecting Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 3240 from high levels of aflatoxins. AB - The role of blastospores in the protection of Aspergillus parasiticus from high levels of aflatoxins was studied. The strain protects itself from aflatoxicity by forming thick-walled blastospores. The formation of blastospores was not observed under conditions of reduced aflatoxin formation, e.g., under zinc and asparagine deficiencies. The germination of blastospores coincided with an increase in the specific activity of glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP) and a simultaneous decrease in the specific aflatoxin production. PMID- 7138002 TI - Protamine precipitation of two reovirus particle types from polluted waters. AB - Two forms of virus particle are released from reovirus-infected cell cultures, infectious reovirus and potentially infectious reovirus (PIV). PIV particle forms have a complete outer coat and are not infectious until the outer coat is altered or removed. The PIV concentration in polluted waters, however, has not been determined. Protamine sulfate precipitation, using 0.25% fetal bovine serum and 0.005% protamine sulfate for the first precipitation of the sample and 0.0025% for the second, was employed to concentrate infectious reovirus and PIV from water and sewage. Infectious reovirus and PIV particles were concentrated over 500-fold from river water inoculated with virus, and virus recoveries of between 80 and 100% were achieved. Virus precipitates stored at -20 degrees C as a protamine-virus concentrate showed a 5% loss of PIV after 14 days. Virus preparations were assayed, before and after treatment, with 200 micrograms of chymotrypsin per ml, using a fluorescent-antibody procedure. Protamine sulfate precipitation and fluorescent-antibody detection are effective ways to recover and assay reoviruses present in raw sewage. PMID- 7138003 TI - Microbiological quality of some spices and herbs in retail markets. AB - The microbiological quality of 10 spices or herbs was determined by a national survey at the retail level. Aerobic plate count values for the 10 products ranged from less than 100 to 3.1 X 10(8) per g; mean values of the individual spices or herbs ranged from 1,400 to 820,000 per g. Coliform counts ranged from less than 3 to 1.1 X 10(6) per g; however, mean values were less than 20 per g for all products. Escherichia coli counts ranged from less than 3 to 2,300 per g. Except for celery seed, which had a mean value of 7 per g, all mean values were less than 3 per g. Yeast and mold counts were made for 5 of the 10 products. Mean values were generally low; the highest mean (290 per g) was obtained for cinnamon. PMID- 7138004 TI - Vibrio vulnificus biogroup 2: new biogroup pathogenic for eels. AB - Clinical and nonclinical isolates of the lactose-positive Vibrio vulnificus were compared with Vibrio strains isolated from lesions on eels (Anguilla japonica) cultured commercially in Japan. Strains were compared phenotypically and antigenically, for pathogenicity to mice and eels, and for genetic relatedness. The strains isolated from diseased eels differed phenotypically from the original species description of V. vulnificus in that they were negative for indole production, ornithine decarboxylase activity, growth at 42 degrees C, and acid production from mannitol and sorbitol. No relationship between the surface antigens of V. vulnificus strains from environmental and clinical sources and the strains from diseased eels was observed. Typical V. vulnificus strains and the eel isolates were pathogenic to mice; however, only those strains originally isolated from diseased eels were found to be pathogenic to eels. Results of DNA DNA competition experiments revealed that there was greater than 90% relative reassociation between clinical and nonclinical V. vulnificus and strains from diseased eels. Based on the results of the DNA-DNA competition experiments, we conclude that the strains isolated from diseased eels were V. vulnificus; however, the differences in phenotypic characteristics and eel pathogenicity indicated that these strains represent a different biogroup. Therefore, we propose that strains phenotypically similar to the type strain of the species (ATCC 27562) be classified as V. vulnificus biogroup 1 and the strains phenotypically similar to those isolated from diseased eels be classified as V. vulnificus biogroup 2 represented by the reference strain ATCC 33148. PMID- 7138005 TI - Stimulation of 3,4-dichloroaniline mineralization by aniline. AB - Mineralization of free and of humus-bound 3,4-dichloroaniline (DCA) by a Pseudomonas putida strain isolated by analog enrichment was greatly enhanced in the presence of aniline. The addition of aniline to soil that contained 0.2 to 100 micrograms of DCA per g in free or in humus-bound form increased the mineralization rates of DCA severalfold. Within the concentration ranges tested, absolute mineralization of DCA per unit time was positively correlated with both increasing DCA and increasing aniline concentrations. The specific enrichment of microbial populations and the induction of pathways that can co-metabolize DCA are the most plausible explanations for the effect of aniline. The observed phenomenon points to a potential approach for eliminating xenobiotic pollutants from contaminated soils. PMID- 7138006 TI - Metabolism of 7-methylbenz[a]anthracene and 7-hydroxymethylbenz[a]anthracene by Cunninghamella elegans. AB - The fungal metabolism of 7-methylbenz[a]anthracene (7-MBA) and 7 hydroxymethylbenz[a]anthracene (7-OHMBA) was studied. 7-MBA was metabolized by Cunninghamella elegans to form 7-OHMBA-trans-8,9-dihydrodiol and 7-OHMBA-trans 3,4-dihydrodiol as the predominant metabolites. Other metabolites were identified as 7-OHMBA, 7-MBA-trans-8,9-dihydrodiol and 7-MBA-trans-3,4-dihydrodiol, and 7 MBA-8,9,10,11-tetraol. Incubation of 7-OHMBA with C. elegans cells indicated that 7-OHMBA-trans-8,9-dihydrodiol and 7-OHMBA-trans-3,4-dihydrodiol were major metabolites. The metabolism of 7-MBA by rat liver microsomes from 3 methylcholanthrene-treated rats showed that the metabolites were qualitatively similar to those formed by C. elegans, except additional dihydrodiol metabolites were formed at the 5,6 and 10,11 positions. The metabolites formed were isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography and identified by comparing their chromatographic, UV-visible absorption and mass spectral properties with those of reference compounds. PMID- 7138007 TI - Decontaminating infectious laboratory waste by autoclaving. AB - The temperature profile of infectious laboratory waste being autoclaved was examined relative to the type of containers used in the process. A standardized waste load (1,750 +/- 4 g) placed in the container was evaluated by using a direct readout thermocouple. The sensor of the thermocouple was placed within an unused and outdated agar plate, centrally located about 5 cm from the bottom of the container. The gravity displacement autoclave tested reached 121 degrees C within 3 min. Waste within a steel container (plus 1 liter of water) reached 108, 120, and 122 degrees C at 12, 30, and 50 min, respectively. Without the addition of water, the corresponding temperatures were 60, 110, and 120 degrees C, respectively. With a steel container, "autoclavable" plastic bags, and no additional water, the temperatures were 36, 71, and 105 degrees C, respectively. When 1 liter of water was placed in the autoclavable bag, the temperatures were 98, 115, and 121 degrees C, respectively. Waste within a polypropylene container (dimensions similar to those of the steel container) with and without the addition of 1 liter of water, reached a maximum temperature of 108 degrees C at 50 min. With a polypropylene container, autoclavable plastic bag, and 1 liter of water, the corresponding temperature was 99 degrees C. Without the addition of water, the temperature was 92 degrees C. The importance of container, moisture, and material in autoclaving was demonstrated. PMID- 7138008 TI - Fate and effects of methylene chloride in activated sludge. AB - Activated sludge obtained from a municipal wastewater treatment plant was acclimated to methylene chloride at concentrations between 1 and 100 mg/liter by continuous exposure to the compound for 9 to 11 days. Acclimated cultures were shown to mineralize methylene chloride to carbon dioxide and chloride. Rates of methylene chloride degradation were 0.14, 2.3, and 7.4 mg of CH2Cl2 consumed per h per g of mixed-liquor suspended solids for cultures incubated in the presence of 1, 10, and 100 mg/liter, respectively. Concentrations of methylene chloride between 10 and 1,000 mg/liter had no significant effect on O2 consumption or glucose metabolism by activated sludge. A hypothetical model was developed to examine the significance of volatilization and biodegradation for the removal of methylene chloride from an activated sludge reactor. Application of the model indicated that the rate of biodegradation was approximately 12 times greater than the rate of volatilization. Thus, biodegradation may be the predominant process determining the fate of methylene chloride in activated sludge systems continuously exposed to the compound. PMID- 7138009 TI - Thermophilic biotransformations of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene under simulated composting conditions. AB - The biotransformations of 14C-labeled 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene by thermophilic microorganisms in a compost system were determined. The reduction products identified in solvent extracts were similar to those identified in mesophilic systems. A significant percentage of the 14C-labeled products were bound to humus fractions. PMID- 7138010 TI - Aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms in tubercles of the Columbus, Ohio, water distribution system. AB - Aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms were enumerated in tubercles collected from sections of the water distribution pipeline in the Columbus, Ohio, metropolitan area. Coliform bacteria were not detected in the tubercles examined. Sulfate reducing bacteria were detected in 80% of the samples. Nitrate-reducing heterotrophs were present in all samples. The results, including plate counts of aerobic heterotrophs, indicated variation in bacterial densities depending on the tubercle sample and fraction examined. The associations among the viable counts obtained by the different culture methods were analyzed statistically, using three methods (Pearson, Spearman, and Kendall). PMID- 7138011 TI - [Regulation of erythropoiesis in the rat fetus: role of spleen and bone marrow in case of deficiency of hepatic erythropoietic activity]. AB - At the end of intra-uterine life in the rat, hepatic erythron evolution is governed by corticosteroids and it is experimentally possible to prematurely deprive the foetus of a large part of its hepatic erythropoietic tissue by inflicting repeated stress in the pregnant animal. This experimentally induced deficiency of the hepatic erythron leads to an anticipated erythroid activity in the bone marrow. Splenectomy in such fetuses has shown that the spleen does not play a major role in producing circulating anucleated erythroid cells before term. PMID- 7138012 TI - [Mode of formation of the flight muscles in a nematocerous Diptera]. AB - An electron microscope study was conducted on the origin of the dorsal longitudinal muscles of a Nematocerous Diptera (Chironomus). These imaginal muscles arise from three pairs of slender larval muscles that are characterized by the presence of myoblasts located beneath the basal lamina and adhering to the sarcoplasmic membrane. During the last larval instar the myoblasts increase in number, each of the associated muscle fibers loses its contractile material and splits longitudinally into two to form six columns of sarcoplasm. Differentiation of the fibrillar material begins in each of the six muscle rudiments after the adhering myoblasts have become incorporated. There are several possible origins for these myoblasts: they may be embryonic cells that persist in association with the larval muscle fibers; or --as in the case of Cyclorrhaphous Diptera-- they may migrate from elsewhere to invest these fibers. PMID- 7138013 TI - [Effects of cytosine-arabinofuranoside on the development of reptilian embryos (Lacerta viridis, Laur. and Anguis fragilis, L.)]. AB - Administered into the yolk sac of eggs of Lacerta viridis as a single dose of 17 to 40 micrograms, cytosine-arabinoside (Ara-C) was compatible with survival of the embryo, from the sixth day of incubation, for at least 20 to 25 days. The LD50 was 40 to 50 micrograms per egg. Doses of 20 to 40 micrograms of Ara-C introduced in the yolk sac of eggs of the slow-worm (Anguis fragilis) cultured in vitro, at stages of the allantoid bud of 0,5 mm to 2,5 mm long, killed the embryo in 4 to 8 days (possibly due to alterations of capillary blood vessels of allantois and area vasculosa). In the two species, these doses caused cytotoxic effects on embryonic proliferating tissues, growth inhibition and a variety of developmental defects. In young embryos of Anguis fragilis, similar doses of 20 to 40 micrograms of Ara-C caused, in 2 to 4 days, death of many cells in the anlagen of growing organs: neural tube, sensory organs, bronchi, mesoderm of the limb bud, subcutaneous mesenchyme, anlage of dorsal skeletal structures, etc.; followed by growth inhibition and malformations. On the other hand, in the limb bud, the apical ridge was less retrogressed than in control embryos; the limb buds showed slightly better development in treated embryos than in controls, but, Ara-C induced severe damage in their mesoderm. In all embryos of Lacerta viridis, treated at the stage of 6 days or of 10 days of incubation by doses of 20 to 40 micrograms of Ara-C and killed 15 to 35 days later, there was a general reduction of size and of weight and external and internal malformations, more or less severe, were present: modifications of the form of the head, shortening of the lower jaw, labial clefts, microphthalmia, micromelia and other limbs defects, developmental defects of the tail. In some embryos, the only external defects observed were missing fingers and toes; in three of these embryos, the same digits were missing in the four limbs. Modifications of limb morphogenesis induced by Ara-C are compared to structural modifications of the limbs of snake like Reptilia, and the mechanisms involved in the two series are discussed. These results emphasize the interest of the use of drugs interfering with DNA synthesis, in the field of teratology and in the experimental study of regressive evolution. PMID- 7138014 TI - Hyperoxia increases H2O2 release by lung mitochondria and microsomes. PMID- 7138015 TI - Lysolecithin:lysolecithin acyltransferase from rabbit lung: enzymatic properties and kinetic study. PMID- 7138016 TI - Evaluation of a role of acetaldehyde in the mechanism of inhibition of p nitroanisole O-demethylation in isolated hepatocytes by ethanol. PMID- 7138017 TI - The effects of ketone bodies, bicarbonate, and calcium on hepatic mitochondrial ketogenesis. PMID- 7138019 TI - Partial purification and property of pyridoxine (pyridoxamine)-5'-phosphate oxidase isozymes from wheat seedlings. PMID- 7138018 TI - Multiphasic activation of smooth muscle adenylate cyclase by pretreatment with guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p) suggests multiple enzyme populations. PMID- 7138020 TI - Kinetic evidence for a dual cation role for muscle pyruvate kinase. PMID- 7138021 TI - Control of lactate gluconeogenesis by glucose in rat hepatocytes. PMID- 7138022 TI - Ketone body and acetate formation from oleate by isolated rat testicular cells. PMID- 7138023 TI - The oxidation of naphthalene sulfonate dyes by horse radish peroxidase. PMID- 7138024 TI - Kinetic analysis of P-700 photoconversion: effect of secondary electron donation and plastocyanin inhibition. PMID- 7138025 TI - Hydration-dependent hexagonal phase lipid in a biological membrane. PMID- 7138026 TI - Bovine adrenocortical self-phosphorylating protein kinase, SPK 380: purification and characterization. PMID- 7138027 TI - Induction of hepatic cytochrome P-450 by natural steroids: relationship to the induction of delta-aminolevulinate synthase and porphyrin accumulation in the avian embryo. PMID- 7138028 TI - Folate-dependent enzymes in cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells: impaired mitochondrial serine hydroxymethyltransferase activity in two additional glycine- auxotroph complementation classes. PMID- 7138029 TI - Immunochemical studies on the combining site of the D-galactose/N-acetyl-D galactosamine specific lectin from Erythrina cristagalli seeds. PMID- 7138031 TI - gp 110--A major sialoglycoprotein of human cells: isolation and partial characterization from a malignant melanoma cell line. PMID- 7138030 TI - Monoclonal antibodies directed against the sugar sequence of lacto-N-fucopentaose III are obtained from mice immunized with human tumors. PMID- 7138032 TI - Effect of solvents on the catalytic activity of firefly luciferase. PMID- 7138036 TI - Reversible dissociation of concanavalin A into monomers by 2-propanol. PMID- 7138033 TI - The asparagine-linked sugar chains of the glycoproteins in rat erythrocyte plasma membrane--fractionation of oligosaccharides liberated by hydrazinolysis and structural studies of the neutral oligosaccharides. PMID- 7138034 TI - The asparagine-linked sugar chains of the glycoproteins in rat erythrocyte plasma membrane--structural studies of the acidic oligosaccharides. PMID- 7138035 TI - Effect of carbon tetrachloride on polyamine metabolism in rodent liver. PMID- 7138037 TI - Thalidomide treatment of recurrent necrotic giant mucocutaneous aphthae and aphthosis. PMID- 7138038 TI - Measuring scale steroid sulfatase and beta-lipoprotein mobility in ichthyosis. PMID- 7138040 TI - Graying of hair with age and sympathectomy. PMID- 7138039 TI - Successful pregnancy in a patient with dermatitis herpetiformis treated with low dose dapsone. PMID- 7138041 TI - Primary localized gigantism and tuberous sclerosis. PMID- 7138044 TI - High-dose vitamin A therapy for Darier's disease. AB - Three patients with Darier's disease were treated with 1 X 10(6) IU of orally administered vitamin A daily for 14 days. In all patients, 50% to 80% improvement in the skin lesions was noted. Desquamation was minimal, and side effects consisted of drowsiness, mild frontal headache, dry lips and dry nose. During therapy, all patients had a transient, mild increase in the serum triglyceride level, and two patients had a minimal increase in the serum cholesterol concentration. PMID- 7138042 TI - Chronic active hepatitis and erythema nodosum. PMID- 7138043 TI - Cutaneous and subcutaneous inflammatory sclerosis syndromes. AB - Systemic scleroderma and localized scleroderma (morphea) show comparable changes on skin biopsy specimens, and a distinction has often been made on the basis of Raynaud's phenomenon, organ involvement, and laboratory abnormalities characteristically seen in systemic scleroderma. Critical evaluation not only of patients with localized scleroderma but also of those with eosinophilic fasciitis, morphea profunda, and acral pansclerotic morphea has disclosed Raynaud's phenomenon, organ involvement, and laboratory abnormalities typical of systemic scleroderma in a small percentage of patients. Histologically, all five conditions show similar inflammation and sclerosis of the skin, the primary difference being the depth at which these changes occur. These conditions may possibly be related, and the clinical and laboratory differences observed may result from variations in depth, nature, and intensity of the cutaneous and subcutaneous inflammatory sclerosis. PMID- 7138045 TI - Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita. AB - Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita (CMTC) is a rare condition. Less than 60 cases have been reported. We saw four patients who were born in Sydney, Australia, between April 1978 and September 1979. The homes of the four mothers were located within an area having a 19.2-km radius, a population of approximately 900,000, and an annual live birth rate of approximately 19,000. Two patients were male and two were female. All showed segmental involvement and early resolution. Hemiatrophy developed in three patients, but no other associated abnormalities were detected. PMID- 7138046 TI - Risk factors for local recurrence of primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas. Treatment by microscopically controlled excision. AB - Four hundred fourteen primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas were treated by microscopically controlled excision. A five-year mortality-table adjusted cure rate of 93.3% was achieved. The following six parameters were analyzed for correlation with the local recurrence rate: sex, age, lesion diameter, history of previous therapy, anatomic site, and number of stages of Mohs' surgery required for treatment. Only the number of stages correlated significantly with the recurrence rate. However, subpopulations at high risk for recurrent disease could be identified. These consisted of male patients younger than 60 years of age, male patients requiring five or more stages of Mohs' surgery, and patients of either sex with carcinoma of the lower extremity. Modifications of microscopically controlled excision may be warranted in selected patients. PMID- 7138047 TI - A human model for assessing comedogenic substances. AB - Substances that are moderately to strongly comedogenic in the rabbit ear model test have been found to be capable of inducing comedones in the human model described in this report. The test substances are applied under occlusion for one month to the upper part of the backs of young adult, black men who have large follicles. The degree of follicular hyperkeratosis is assessed by a noninvasive "follicular biopsy" techniques, employing a fast-setting cyanoacrylate glue to remove the follicular contents. The rabbit model is more sensitive than the human. Substances that are weakly comedogenic in the rabbit are probably safe for human use with the possible exception of acne-prone persons. PMID- 7138048 TI - The effectiveness of low-strength anthralin in psoriasis. A paired comparison study. AB - Recent trends in psoriasis therapy favor using lower-strength anthralins. To assess the effectiveness of a low concentration (0.01%) v a mid concentration (0.1%) of anthralin, combined with UV-B therapy, a prospective double-blind study was undertaken. Nine patients with chronic plaque-type psoriasis involving more than 25% of the total body surface (excluding the scalp) were treated in a paired comparison manner. Patients were examined each day and the degree of erythema, induration, and scale of lesions was recorded for each side of the body. In all nine patients, the side receiving 0.1% anthralin required an average of 10.8 treatment days to achieve the predefined end point: complete flattening of all plaques to palpation. An identical rate of improvement for the 0.01% anthralin treated side was noted in five of nine patients. The remaining four patients failed to reach the end point on the 0.01% anthralin-treated side even after an average of 15 treatment days. PMID- 7138049 TI - Leprosy downgrading reaction associated with griseofulvin. AB - A dramatic alteration from clinically subpolar tuberculoid leprosy toward subpolar lepromatous leprosy was observed during griseofulvin therapy in a 29 year-old man, despite apparently normal cell-mediated immunity. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a downgrading reaction associated with griseofulvin. It is possible that this reaction was due to inhibition of polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis by griseofulvin. PMID- 7138050 TI - Response of nodular non-X histiocytosis to vinblastine. AB - Progressive cutaneous papulonodular non-X histiocytosis of the face and proximal parts of the extremities developed in a 28-year-old woman. Histologic study showed masses of benign histiocytes with foci of lymphocytes. Occasional cells contained diastase-resistant cytoplasmic polysaccharide that stained positive with PAS stain. No iron, fat, or Touton or other giant cells were present. Ultrastructural study disclosed laminar bodies but no Langerhans' cells or Langerhans' granules. The process responded to low-dose intravenous vinblastine sulfate treatment. PMID- 7138051 TI - Cutaneous Hodgkin's disease. AB - Involvement of the skin in advanced Hodgkin's disease is well known. However, Hodgkin's disease initially seen in the skin is extremely rare. A patient had Hodgkin's disease that was initially seen as a cutaneous lesion on the buttock. Lymphadenopathy developed two months after completion of local radiotherapy to the cutaneous lesion and seven months after initial diagnosis. The histologic changes in both instances were those of Hodgkin's disease. We discuss problems in the diagnosis and treatment of skin involvement with Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7138052 TI - Botryomycosis in pierced ears. PMID- 7138053 TI - Nodular superficial pigmented basal cell epitheliomas. AB - Eradication of multiple nodules, papules, and plaques of pigmented basal cell epitheliomas of the back of one patient was achieved by nine months of daily treatment with 5% fluorouracil cream. Such topical chemotherapy offers the physician an alternative to surgery and radiation in treating patients who have widespread nodular superficial epitheliomas. The need for a prolonged period of treatment and follow-up is emphasized. PMID- 7138054 TI - Generalized ulcerative sarcoidosis. AB - Cutaneous involvement is present in approximately 25% of patients with sarcoidosis. A large variety of morphologic patterns has been well described; ulcerative lesions are rare. A 30-year-old black man had generalized cutaneous granulomas, many of which demonstrated superficial ulceration. The exudative quality of these lesions was probably secondary to recurrent bacterial infection. Use of oral antibiotics, prednisone, and hydroxychloroquine sulfate controlled his disease activity. PMID- 7138056 TI - Commentary: the cutaneous punch. PMID- 7138055 TI - Atypical erysipelas caused by group G streptococci in a patient with cured Hodgkin's disease. AB - Erysipelas developed in a young woman whose condition had been in remission for ten years after treatment of stage IIIA Hodgkin's disease. The erysipelas was atypical both in its clinical manifestation and its causative organism. The patient had an erythematous, macular eruption on both buttocks and thighs. Group G streptococci, a rare cause of erysipelas, were isolated from both blood cultures and a skin biopsy specimen. The unusual clinical manifestation of the disease when the patient was initially seen may have been the result of a group G streptococcal bacteremia, coupled with impairment of the lymphatic drainage of the involved area from a partial thoracic duct obstruction and a restrictive cardiomyopathy, both secondary to previous irradiation treatment. PMID- 7138057 TI - Familial erythromelalgia. PMID- 7138058 TI - Solitary pigmented Bowen's disease. PMID- 7138059 TI - Generalized malignant acanthosis nigricans and primary fibrinolysis. Occurrence with squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. PMID- 7138060 TI - Self-inflicted anonychia. PMID- 7138061 TI - Orthostatic proteinuria. PMID- 7138062 TI - Food intolerance and food allergy in children: a review of 68 cases. AB - The clinical and laboratory features of 68 children with food intolerance or food allergy are reviewed. Young children were affected the most with 79% first experiencing symptoms before age 1 year. Forty-eight (70%) children presented with gastrointestinal symptoms (vomiting, diarrhoea, colic, abdominal pain, failure to thrive), 16 (24%) children with skin manifestations (eczema, urticaria, angioneurotic oedema, other rashes), and 4 (6%) children with wheeze. Twenty-one children had failed to thrive before diagnosis. A single food (most commonly cows' milk) was concerned in 28 (41%) cases. Forty (59%) children had multiple food intolerance or allergy; eggs, cows' milk, and wheat were the most common. Diagnosis was based on observing the effect of food withdrawal and of subsequent rechallenge. In many children food withdrawal will mean the use of an elimination diet which requires careful supervision by a dietician. Laboratory investigations were often unhelpful in suggesting or confirming the diagnosis. PMID- 7138063 TI - Developmental and neurological progress of preterm infants with intraventricular haemorrhage and ventricular dilatation. AB - A prospective neurological and developmental assessment was completed at ages 6, 9, and 12 months on 39 preterm infants under 34 weeks' gestation. In the newborn period each infant had an assessment of gestation and sequential neurological and ultrasound examinations and was placed in one of three groups: intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) (n = 14), IVH followed by ventricular dilatation (n = 11), and control infants with no evidence of IVH (n = 14). When corrected for prematurity the Griffiths's developmental quotients (DQs) were normal at 6, 9, and 12 months for every infant except one aged 12 months. In contrast, the uncorrected DQs at 12 months were under 80 in only one of the 14 preterm infants without haemorrhage, compared with 2 of the 14 with IVH, and with 7 of the 9 with IVH and dilatation. There was also a higher incidence of neurological abnormality at each follow-up age in the infants with IVH plus ventricular dilatation, compared with those with IVH alone, or with infants without IVH. Similar differences were also demonstrated in 5 milestones reflecting gross motor, fine motor, and social or verbal development in the three groups at 6, 9, and 12 months. The neurological and developmental deficits seemed to relate more closely to the presence of post haemorrhagic ventricular dilatation than to the size of the initial haemorrhage itself. These results may have important implications for therapeutic intervention in the management of newborn infants with IVH and ventricular dilatation. PMID- 7138065 TI - Renal function of neonates during gentamicin treatment. AB - Thirteen newborn infants, 8 term and 5 preterm (gestational age 31 to 36 weeks), were treated for between 3 and 7 days with gentamicin and ampicillin or cloxacillin because of suspected bacterial infection. The dosage of gentamicin was carefully monitored by serum concentration assays. Urinary alanine aminopeptidase, urinary beta 2-microglobulin, serum urea, and serum beta 2 microglobulin were measured during and after the end of treatment to detect signs of renal toxicity. Levels of urinary aminopeptidase increased in 12 of them, indicating damage to the cells of the proximal tubuli. Changes in urinary beta 2 microglobulin followed the normal physiological course seen in neonates after birth. Serum levels of urea and beta 2-microglobulin did not indicate any drug associated depression of glomerular filtration rate. PMID- 7138064 TI - Control of vitamin D metabolism in preterm infants: feto-maternal relationships. AB - To assess the relationship between maternal and fetal mineral homeostasis, serum calcium, magnesium, inorganic phosphate, parathyroid hormone, and vitamin D metabolite concentrations in venous cord sera from 15 preterm singletons and 3 twin pairs were compared with the levels found in maternal sera. Cord calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus levels were significantly higher than the respective levels in maternal samples. There was a significant relationship between the two compartments for all three analyses. Cord serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels were significantly lower than those observed for the mothers. Association of the cord concentration with that of the mothers was observed only for the first two metabolites. There was no relationship between the maternal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels and gestational age, calcium, magnesium, inorganic phosphate, or 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Cord 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D correlated significantly only with cord calcium levels. Immunoreactive parathyroid hormone levels were within normal limits both in cord and maternal samples. Our data suggest that after 31 weeks of gestation: (1) calcium, magnesium, and inorganic phosphate cross the placental barrier against a concentration gradient; (2) the fetus depends on the maternal supply for 25 hydroxyvitamin D and 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D; (3) the feto-placental unit synthesizes 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D according to fetal needs. PMID- 7138067 TI - Valvulitis--bacterial or rheumatic? PMID- 7138068 TI - Infantile multicystic encephalomalacia after maternal bee sting anaphylaxis during pregnancy. PMID- 7138066 TI - Screening for cystic fibrosis. AB - Practicable methods are now available for whole population screening of neonates for cystic fibrosis. Although diagnosis and treatment of the disease from birth has not yet been unequivocally shown to improve prognosis, existing evidence suggests that this is likely. Further ethical reasons are proposed in support of neonatal diagnosis and early treatment. The development of tests for prenatal diagnosis and carrier detection is under active investigation, and raises ethical problems for heterozygotes and their medical advisers. The heavy financial and emotional burden this disease imposes on the patient and the family should not be underestimated when policy decisions are made. PMID- 7138070 TI - Orocraniodigital (Juberg-Hayward) syndrome with growth hormone deficiency. PMID- 7138069 TI - Intussusception--the forgotten postoperative obstruction. AB - Ten children developed intussusception after laparotomy. The bowel obstruction caused by the intussusception was evident within 8 days of major laparotomy in 8 children and within 39 days in the other two. It developed after the usual postoperative laparotomy ileus, and did not respond to normal non-operative treatment not even to a barium enema. There was one palpable abdominal mass and no rectal bleeding. Only at surgery was the correct diagnosis made. Eight of 10 intussusceptions affected only the small-bowel; most of them were ileoileal, but 2 were ileocolic. Seven of the 10 intussusceptions needed only manual reduction. Postoperative recovery was uneventful. PMID- 7138071 TI - Accuracy of routine clinical test weighing. PMID- 7138073 TI - Munchausen syndrome by proxy and pseudo-epilepsy. PMID- 7138072 TI - Timing of neonatal cerebroventricular haemorrhage with ultrasound. PMID- 7138074 TI - Effect of cigarette smoking on white blood cells and erythrocyte enzymes. AB - Healthy volunteers smoked 21 to 26 cigarettes containing different amounts of condensate (tar) and nicotine for 16 wk. Enzymes and metabolites of erythrocyte metabolism were not influenced, with the exception of a slight inhibition of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase. Hematological parameters were normal except the white blood count, which was elevated in smokers but remained within the normal range. PMID- 7138075 TI - Methylmercury in human hair: a study of a Papua New Guinean population exposed to methylmercury through fish consumption. AB - The mean methylmercury concentration in hair of a Papua New Guinean population was 15.5 micrograms/g (range = 3.2-50.5 micrograms/g). Nearly all individuals consumed fish 2 to 3 times daily. In contrast, the mean methylmercury concentration in hair of a nearby control group who consumed a similar amount of fish was 6.4 micrograms/g (range = 0.62-25.7 micrograms/g). A control group that consumed fish much less frequently had a mean methylmercury concentration in hair of 2.4 micrograms/g (range = 0.33-9.0 micrograms/g). No statistically significant variations in methylmercury concentrations in hair were found with sex or age within any of the three populations. PMID- 7138076 TI - Duplication diet study on mercury intake by fish consumers in the United Kingdom. AB - Hair samples were analyzed for mercury in 942 persons living in either one of two coastal areas of the United Kingdom who reported above average fish consumption. A duplicate diet study group was selected from the 942 individual's who had elevated concentrations of mercury in their hair. The study group's fish consumption averaged 0.36 kg/person . wk during the duplicate diet. Concentration of total mercury in the blood of the study group ranged from 1.1 to 42.3 micrograms/L with an arithmetic mean of 8.8 micrograms/L. The linear curve fitted to the data on the concentration of total mercury in blood vs. mercury intake was similar to that observed in a previous study made in the United Kingdom, but different from that observed in other studies. The results from the present study indicate that people in the United Kingdom are unlikely to be adversely affected by the presence of methylmercury in the fish they consume. PMID- 7138077 TI - Exposure to formaldehyde: effects on pulmonary function. AB - Forty-seven subjects exposed to formaldehyde (mean air concentration 0.45 mg/m3) and 20 unexposed subjects, all of whom were employed at a carpentry shop, were studied with regard to symptoms and pulmonary function. Symptoms involving eyes and throat as well as chest oppression were significantly more common in the exposed subjects than in the unexposed controls. Spirometry and single breath nitrogen washout were normal Monday morning before exposure to formaldehyde. A reduction in forced expiratory volume in 1 sec by an average of 0.2 L (P = .002), percent forced expiratory volume by 2% (P = .04), maximum midexpiratory flow by 0.3 L/sec (P = .04) and an increase in closing volume in percentage of vital capacity by 3.4% (P - .002) were seen after a day of work and exposure to formaldehyde, suggesting bronchoconstriction. Smokers and nonsmokers displayed similar changes in spirometry and nitrogen washout. PMID- 7138078 TI - Effects of aircraft noise on hearing ability of school-age children. AB - Two hundred one cases with permanent bilateral high-frequency hearing loss and 208 controls with normal hearing were identified through the New York City hearing screening program. Aircraft noise exposure was estimated for the residences of cases and controls from Noise Exposure Forecast contour maps of the New York City airports. The noise exposure estimates had a correlation on 0.89 with noise level measurement made in the area. Birth certificates and questionnaires were used to provide additional information on other sources of noise exposure and potential confounders. The results showed a positive, but not statistically significant association between aircraft noise exposure and the risk of high-frequency hearing loss. PMID- 7138079 TI - Cadmium content of human cancellous bone. AB - The cadmium content of human cancellous bone was related to age, sex, bone loss, physical properties, and elemental composition. Bone specimens from the anterior iliac crest were collected from 889 cadavers with a normal mineral status, and from 50 cadavers which had bone loss from chronic diseases and immobilization. The element concentrations were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Bone fluoride levels ere determined with the ion specific electrode, the mineral density with the gamma ray attenuation method, and the compressive strength with a strain transducer. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The mean cadmium content of 0.22 +/- 9.16 micrograms/g dry weight (+/- SD) in the samples did not change with age and its content was slightly greater in males than in females. Furthermore, no statistically significant relation was found in cadmium content to bone loss changes or to the calcium content of bone. The cadmium content had a high statistically significant positive correlation with the strontium and nickel content. PMID- 7138080 TI - Mortality among male rubber workers in Finland. AB - The deaths of male rubber workers in two processing departments and a tire and tube manufacturing department of a Finnish rubber plant were studied. The number of person-years at risk was 7,049. Follow-up continued for 24 yr, from January 1, 1953 to December 31, 1976. The total number of deaths was 29 compared with 43 expected (relative risk = 0.7). Only 5 deaths from cardiovascular diseases were found vs. 17.9 expected. The relative risk of death from cancer was 1.0 (7/6.8) and 1.7 (5/2.9) for workers who were exposed for more than 10 yr. For other causes of death the relative risk was not dependent on the length of exposure. PMID- 7138081 TI - A epidemiological assessment of water quality and "swimmer's ear". AB - In an effort to determine if bacterial water quality was related to the incidence of otitis externa (swimmer's ear), a retrospective study was conducted from July, 1980 to September, 1980. Data from 29 cases and 29 controls matched for age and sex were collected. Warm air, warm water, age of less than 18 yr, swimming, and length of time spent swimming were associated positively with cases of otitis externa. Water quality, as measured by fecal coliforms, enterococci, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was not found to be associated with otitis externa. PMID- 7138083 TI - Fate and excretion of sodium sulisatin in the rat. PMID- 7138082 TI - [New automatic system for processing bioelectrical signals in electropharmacology]. PMID- 7138084 TI - [Teratogenic activity of a histamine precursor, L-histidine, in pregnant rats]. PMID- 7138085 TI - [Serum beta-glucuronidase activity in patients treated with phenobarbital and diphenylhydantoin]. PMID- 7138086 TI - Naloxone and acute neurogenic hypertension in anaesthetized dogs. PMID- 7138087 TI - Action of metanephrine on the response to catecholamines in the isolated rat atria. PMID- 7138088 TI - [Methodological bases for the ultrastructural study of medullary interstices of the kidney]. PMID- 7138089 TI - [Injuries in pathological kidneys]. PMID- 7138090 TI - [Renal nocardiosis]. PMID- 7138091 TI - [Prolactin and cancer of the prostate (III). Changes in plasma prolactin and testosterone after hormone treatment in prostatic cancer]. PMID- 7138092 TI - [Testicular torsion in childhood apropos of 16 cases]. PMID- 7138093 TI - [Crossed renal ectopia in childhood]. PMID- 7138094 TI - [Inflammatory granuloma in the stoma of a cutaneous ureterostomy]. PMID- 7138096 TI - [Ultrastructural examination in tumoral breast pathology]. PMID- 7138095 TI - [Bladder exstrophy with multiple associated malformations]. PMID- 7138099 TI - [The diagnostic role of electronic microscopy in myopathology]. PMID- 7138097 TI - [The role of electron microscopy in the diagnosis of viral infections]. PMID- 7138098 TI - [The diagnostic value of electron microscopy in dermatology]. PMID- 7138100 TI - [The contribution of electron microscopy to the diagnosis of brain tumors]. PMID- 7138101 TI - [Primary lymphosarcoma of the brain, an anatomoclinical and immunopathological study of 21 cases]. PMID- 7138102 TI - [Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma. A clinical and anatomopathological study of three cases. Histoenzymological and ultrastructural data]. PMID- 7138103 TI - [Foetoplacental lesions caused by human listeriosis. Seven cases]. PMID- 7138104 TI - Carinal reconstruction. AB - Thirty-six carinal resections were performed: 23 for primary neoplasms of the airways, 5 for bronchogenic neoplasms, and 8 for inflammatory lesions. In 31 cases, primary reconstruction was done. Eleven reconstructions were performed without pulmonary resection; in 5, right upper lobectomy was also done, in 9 pneumonectomy, and 6 patients had had a prior left pneumonectomy. Five staged reconstructions were attempted. The mode of reconstruction depended on the precise location and extent of the lesion. Bronchial anastomoses to the side and end of the trachea or to the end of the trachea and to the side of a bronchus predominated. Four deaths occurred among the 31 patients who had primary reconstruction (13%). Two patients with anastomotic stenoses had successful reexcision. Attempts at staged reconstruction failed. PMID- 7138105 TI - Symptomatic status and pattern of employment during a five-year period following myocardial revascularization for angina. AB - The employment status of 100 consecutive male patients between the ages of 30 and 60 years (mean, 49.5 years) operated on for angina and followed for a minimum of 5 years was analysed. There were no early and 4 late deaths. The probability of employment at 1 year was 90%, which was similar to that of a sample from the general population matched for age. This rate, however, showed steady, slow deterioration to 87.6% at 2 years, 82.1% at 3 years, 75.7% at 4 years, and 73.4+ at 5 years. Seventeen patients retired over the 5-year period. There was no correlation between the rate of employment and age (under or over 50) at operation, previous myocardial infarction, or number of grafts inserted. PMID- 7138106 TI - Surgical treatment in Ebstein's malformation. AB - Between January, 1967, and July, 1981, 24 patients with Ebstein's malformation underwent surgical repair. Sixteen had tricuspid valve replacement; 8 did not. All interatrial communications were closed. Two patients had plication of atrialized ventricle. Twenty had dysrhythmias; these were surgically treated in 4. Four patients (17%), each with valve replacement, died in the hospital (70% confidence limits, 9-28%); 3 of these were among the 6 patients who were preoperatively in New York Heart Association Functional Class IV. There were 3 late deaths, 1 from noncardiac causes and 2 from persistent tricuspid regurgitation in patients without valve replacement. No late deaths or valve related complications occurred in the valve replacement group. Dysrhythmias remain a problem, although most patients are symptomatically improved after operation. This experience suggests that good early and late results are obtained with replacement of incompetent tricuspid valves if this is done before advanced symptomatic deterioration, that plication rarely is necessary, and that rhythm disturbances should be recognized and appropriately managed. PMID- 7138107 TI - Ebstein's anomaly: editorial comments and personal observations. AB - Renewed interest in the natural history of Ebstein's anomaly has been created by recent surgical innovations in its management. Tricuspid valve replacement and various types of plastic reconstruction are the two methods of treating Ebstein's anomaly. Replacement of the tricuspid valve has been more successful in older children and adults than in infants, but overall, less successful than procedures involving mitral or aortic valve prosthesis. At the Mayo Clinic, 42 patients with Ebstein's anomaly, aged 11 months to 62 years, underwent surgical repair. Plastic repair was accomplished in 34 of these patients, and right ventricular plication and valve replacement in 6 others. Two patients had valves that could not be reconstructed, and underwent a Fontan procedure instead. Three hospital deaths and two late deaths occurred. There have been no deaths in the 25 patients seen last in the series. Long-term follow-up was obtained in the first 22 survivors. The majority were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III or IV preoperatively; all but 3 had improved to NYHA Class I or II at follow-up. Because of the low mortality rate and good long-term results as well as the fact that the majority of patients can be repaired with a plastic procedure, the operation is advisable for patients who have deteriorated into NYHA Class III or IV. Those patients with moderate to severe cyanosis, paradoxical emboli, or progressive increase in cardiac size are also candidates for operation. PMID- 7138108 TI - Acute empyema in children treated by open thoracotomy and decortication. AB - Acute nontuberculous empyema treated conventionally by thoracentesis, thoracostomy drainage, and antibiotics has an unacceptably high rate of morbidity and mortality. Early open thoracotomy to eliminate the empyema with decortication of the fibrinous peel and reexpansion of the lung has proven safe and effective for 25 years. The goals of treatment of acute nontuberculous empyema are: (1) to save life, (2) to eliminate the empyema, (3) to reexpand the trapped lung, (4) to restore mobility of the chest wall and diaphragm, (5) to return respiratory function to normal, (6) to eliminate complications or chronicity, and (7) to reduce the duration of hospital stay. Our studies confirm the normal values to be expected in patients who have had complete recovery from the acute empyema, and we lay to rest any concern that decortication might, in time, limit pulmonary function. We present the cases of 21 children who had acute and mature empyemas that were treated by open thoracotomy and decortication, with an average follow up of 18 years, among whom there were no deaths or complications. PMID- 7138109 TI - Late patency of the internal mammary artery as a coronary bypass conduit. AB - From January, 1972, through August, 1977, 472 patients had internal mammary artery (IMA) coronary bypass, of which 100 were double-IMA bypasses. We selected those patients having a widely patent IMA one year postoperatively who then had a second catheterization 49 to 105 (mean, 64) months following operation. None of the 93 patients who met these criteria was specifically recalled for this study; they all had follow-up catheterizations for multiple other reasons. All of the 91 left IMA and 22 right IMA bypasses (total, 113) were patent at late catheterization, but 1 right IMA was diffusely narrowed. One left IMA had acute angulation with 50% stenosis proximal to the distal anastomosis, which was unchanged over the follow-up interval. There were 100 patent saphenous vein bypasses at one year and 87 at late catheterization. Late closure of coronary bypass grafts is secondary to progression of coronary disease, atherosclerosis of the bypass conduit, or intimal proliferation. Because we have not encountered the latter two causes of conduit closure, IMA grafts remain our graft of choice for nonemergent operations in patients under 60 years of age having revascularization of the left anterior descending coronary artery system. PMID- 7138110 TI - Waterston anastomosis in two-stage correction of severe tetralogy of Fallot: ten years of experience. PMID- 7138111 TI - Hyperkalemia complicating cardiopulmonary bypass: analysis of risk factors. PMID- 7138112 TI - Mitral annuloplasty in endomyocardial fibrosis: an alternative to valve replacement. AB - The case of a patient with left ventricular endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) causing severe mitral regurgitation is presented. Excision of the fibrotic tissue through the left atrium and mitral annuloplasty resulted in symptomatic relief and uncomplicated pregnancy. An X-linked congenital dermatological condition, Bloch Sulzberger syndrome (incontinentia pigmenti), associated with chronic eosinophilia, was also present. This occurrence with EMF has not previously been reported. Atrioventricular valve reconstruction is a feasible alternative to valve replacement in EMF. PMID- 7138114 TI - Intraoperative use of nifedipine for hemodynamic collapse due to coronary artery spasm following myocardial revascularization. AB - Sudden hemodynamic collapse in the perioperative period following myocardial revascularization may be due to coronary artery spasm. Nitroglycerin has been the standard treatment for this; however, it is not always effective, and the resultant morbidity and mortality are high. We present the case of a patient in whom sudden hemodynamic collapse due to coronary artery spasm was refractory to intravenously administered nitroglycerin but was relieved quickly with sublingually administered nifedipine. In certain selected patients in whom coronary artery spasm is responsible for myocardial collapse, the drug nifedipine may be effective in relieving this spasm and allowing for myocardial recovery. PMID- 7138115 TI - The flat trachea: a cause of tracheal obstruction and its surgical management. AB - Tracheal obstruction requires aggressive evaluation to determine the cause and possible correction. An unusual presentation in an adult man with a primary tracheal malformation is described. Surgical reconstruction was performed, utilizing Erich dental arch bars for external stenting. The results were excellent. To our knowledge, the procedure discussed has not been described and may be applicable elsewhere in tracheal reconstructive procedures. PMID- 7138113 TI - Pulmonary varices associated with mitral valve disease: a case report and survey of the literature. AB - A case of pulmonary varices in a 24-year-old man with mitral regurgitation is reported. A brief summary of the literature on pulmonary varices associated with mitral valve disease is presented, with special reference to its etiology and surgical treatment. It is strongly suggested that production of varicosities of the pulmonary vein requires not only increased pulmonary venous pressure but also other local factors. If the patient has symptoms due to mitral regurgitation, operation for mitral valve disease is indicated. Direct operative intervention for the varices should not be performed. PMID- 7138116 TI - Subacute bacterial endocarditis and complete endocardial cushion defect. AB - Subacute bacterial endocarditis involving the common atrioventricular (AV) valve is a rare complication of complete endocardial cushion defect. This report describes our experience with an 18-year-old patient who was seen with this problem. Diagnosis was established by two-dimensional echocardiography. The operative findings and technique of repair are described. We believe this to be among the first successful reports of complete repair of active endocarditis involving the common AV valve in this congenital anomaly. PMID- 7138118 TI - Median sternotomy T incision for thymectomy in myasthenia gravis. AB - Controversy exists over the surgical approach for thymectomy for myasthenia gravis. Opinion is divided between transcervical thymectomy and transsternal thymectomy performed through a median sternotomy. A technique that combines the advantages of a small, cosmetic T incision with good visualization through a partial sternotomy is presented. We have utilized this technique in more than 35 patients during the past ten years with excellent results. PMID- 7138117 TI - An improved method for collection of shed mediastinal blood for autotransfusion. PMID- 7138119 TI - Balanced drainage system. PMID- 7138120 TI - Intrapleural Bacillus Calmette-Guerin administration. PMID- 7138121 TI - Implantation of the automatic defibrillator: the subxiphoid approach. AB - The automatic implantable defibrillator is an electronic device capable of diagnosing and correcting malignant venticular arrhythmias. While major thoracic surgery was required in the original 24 implants, a new technique for implanting the device has been developed. The first subxiphoid implantations have been accomplished with the defibrillatory function successfully tested intraoperatively. The advantages and indications of the subxiphoid technique are reviewed. PMID- 7138122 TI - Extended endocardial resection for the treatment of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. AB - A total of 40 patients with drug-refractory, life-threatening cardiac rhythm disturbances--ventricular tachycardia in 23 patients and ventricular fibrillation in 17 patients--underwent extended endocardial resection (EER) of scar tissue. Scarring was due to myocardial infarction in 38 patients, to previous congenital heart operation in 1 patient, and to sarcoidosis of the heart in 1. The EER procedure was directed by epicardial and endocardial mapping data whenever possible, and was usually combined with revascularization, aneurysmectomy, or, in 5 patients, mitral valve replacement. Operative mortality was 10%, incident to poor preoperative ventricular function and hemorrhage secondary to previous cardiac surgical procedures. Thirty-three of the 36 survivors (92%) are free of arrhythmia at follow-up periods ranging from 3 to 36 months (mean, 12.5 months); the arrhythmia in the remaining 3 patients is now drug controlled. Thirty-three patients had postoperative electrophysiological studies, and in 30 (91%), the arrhythmia was no longer inducible. The results of surgical treatment for ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation were similar. The results also proved satisfactory whether the EER procedure was directed by visual observation or mapping. PMID- 7138123 TI - The value of radiographic and computed tomography in the staging of lung carcinoma. AB - A prospective double-blind study was undertaken to compare computed tomography (CT) and conventional radiographic tomography (RT) in the staging of lung carcinoma. Seventy-five patients had CT and RT of the mediastinum and hilum prior to operation. The presence or absence of metastasis to lymph nodes documented at the time of operation was the standard applied to the studies. CT correctly predicted the presence or absence of mediastinal lymphadenopathy in most cases (sensitivity 91%, specificity 94%), while RT was less helpful (sensitivity 61%, specificity 86%). Metastatic mediastinal lymph nodes in those patients with false negative CT and RT studies averaged only 0.8 cm in diameter, probably accounting for the negative radiographic findings. Both CT and RT had poor predictive values in detecting hilar lymphadenopathy (sensitivity 73% and 47%, specificity 87% and 72%, respectively). The predictive value of CT in the evaluation of mediastinal lymphadenopathy equaled that of mediastinoscopy or mediastinotomy. When CT of the mediastinum demonstrates no lymphadenopathy, invasive staging can be deferred for definitive thoracotomy. Since false positive values were seen with both CT and RT scans of the mediastinum (4% and 8%, respectively), invasive staging will still be necessary in those patients with positive studies. PMID- 7138124 TI - Lateral thoracotomy and one-lung anesthesia in patients with morbid obesity. AB - Between May, 1980, and October, 1981, 22 morbidly obese patients ranging in weight from 93.4 to 236.8 kg (average, 145.2 kg) underwent transthoracic gastric stapling. Fourteen of these operations were performed using endobronchial intubation and selective collapse of the left lung to facilitate surgical exposure. The patients were compared with 22 consecutive patients treated by trans-abdominal gastric stapling during the same period. None of the 44 patients had evidence of chronic alveolar hypoventilation (pickwickian syndrome). In terms of operating time, blood loss, duration of intubation, and hospital stay, the two groups did not differ significantly. Despite marked shunting during one-lung ventilation, satisfactory arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) could be demonstrated on 100% oxygen for all thoracotomy patients (PaO2 range, 67 to 230 torr; mean, 132.3 torr). In fact, except for a lower PaO2 during one-lung anesthesia, the thoracotomy patients were indistinguishable from the laparotomy patients in terms of perioperative respiratory function. Pain, sedation, and positioning led to significant decreases in vital capacity and one-second forced expiratory volume in both groups on the first post-operative day, and in the thoracotomy group on the second day. There were only two wound infections in the thoracotomy group, as opposed to six infections with two dehiscences in the laparotomy group. It is concluded that lateral thoracotomy with or without one-lung anesthesia can be performed safely in massively obese patients--at least in those without preexisting alveolar hypoventilation syndrome. PMID- 7138125 TI - Pulmonary sequestration causing congestive heart failure in infancy: a report of two cases and review of the literature. AB - Congestive heart failure as a presenting symptom in infants with pulmonary sequestration is rare, and the cases of only 3 such patients have been reported. The clinical features, hemodynamics, and management of two additional patients are described. Both were seen in severe congestive heart failure in the absence of any associated cardiac anomalies. The physical findings, plain roentgenograms, electrocardiograms, and echocardiograms may provide some diagnostic clues, but cardiac catheterization is the essential diagnostic investigation. In 1 patient, pneumonectomy was performed because of extensive changes throughout the affected lung. In the other, ligation of the anomalous systemic artery to the sequestered lobe was the only surgical procedure. Both patients are doing well 15 months and 18 months after operation. Success with the latter surgical approach has not been reported previously. PMID- 7138126 TI - Neointimal obstruction of Carpentier-Edwards valved conduit in two patients with modified Fontan procedure. AB - In 2 patients (single ventricle and dextrotransposition of the great arteries with hypoplastic right ventricle) who underwent a modified Fontan procedure, significant disruption of the tricuspid patch developed. The valved conduits remained patent until reoperation at two and six months, respectively. At the time of reclosure of the tricuspid patch, unavoidable manipulation of the conduits from dissection of adhesions led to detachment and collapse of the neointima, thereby producing complete obstruction of the conduit. The problem was detected immediately in the first patient and prompted clearance of the conduit of the collapsed neointima. In the second patient, the diagnosis was made six months later and conduit replacement was required. Both patients did well following reoperation. We suggest that in patients with woven valved conduits inserted for a Fontan procedure who require reoperation and extensive manipulation of the conduit, removal of the neointima or conduit replacement should be considered. PMID- 7138127 TI - Successful Rastelli operation in infant with complete transposition of great arteries, levoposition of aorta, and subaortic ventricular septal defect. AB - A 10-month-old infant with complete transposition of the great arteries (TGA) [S,D,L] and large ventricular septal defect (VSD) without left ventricular outflow tract obstruction underwent successful Rastelli operation utilizing a 16 mm Hancock graft. The VSD was subaortic, and an internal conduit was placed easily. Postoperative hemodynamic conditions were satisfactory, and the patient was doing well eighteen months after operation. The feasibility of primary Rastelli operation for TGA and VSD in young infants is described. PMID- 7138128 TI - Correction of complete endocardial cushion defect. PMID- 7138130 TI - Intrauterine surgery. PMID- 7138129 TI - Atrial pacing. PMID- 7138131 TI - [Cardioangiosclerosis, ischemic cardiomyopathy and ischemic cardiopathy caused by coronary atherosclerosis. Conceptual confusion]. PMID- 7138132 TI - [Predictive value of myocardial scintigraphy using Tc Sn(II)-pyrophosphate in relation to the time of development of acute precordial pain]. PMID- 7138133 TI - [Electrophysiological evaluation of the treatment of patients with recurrent ventricular tachycardia]. AB - In order to asses the predictive value of serial electrophysiologic studies in the selection of an effective long-term effective antiarrhythmic regimen, we studied 16 patients with recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT), resistant to conventional medical treatment. (group 1) Eleven patients in this group had chronic chagas myocarditis, and several hospitalizations and cardioversions had been required for therapy of VT. In addition, 35 patients (group 2: control) underwent electrophysiological studies to evaluate rhythm disturbances differences to TV. Ventricular Tachycardia was successfully initiated and terminate with programmed electrical stimulation of the right ventricle only in the group 1. After control studies, the effects of several drugs (ajmalin, amiodarone, carbamazepine, disopyramide, diphenilhydantoin, mexiletine, procainamide, propranolol, quinidine and verapamil on the ability to initiate VT were assessed. A drug was considered effective only if it prevented the initiation of VT and allowed long-term suppression o clinical VT. All the patients of group 1 were placed on chronic oral therapy with the effective agent and were followed for an average period of 16 months (range 5 to 47 months). In all 16 patients we could document complete long-term prophylaxis against VT. This method offers advantage in terms of morbidity, mortality, duration of therapy, and promptness of choosing an effective drug add expense to the patient over traditional empirical methods of drug selection. PMID- 7138134 TI - [Echocardiographic study of different forms of pulmonary atresia]. AB - Echocardiographic recognition of pulmonary atresia with either ventricular septal defect or intact ventricular septum is of great value in the differential diagnosis with other forms of right ventricular outflow tract obstruction or hypoplasia of the right ventricle. We studied nine patients with pulmonary atresia seven with ventricular septal defect and two with intact ventricular septum. It was not possible in either group of these patients to register systolic opening and diastolic closure movements of the pulmonary valve. In the group with ventricular septal defect, aortic straddling was present in all cases. In one patient it was possible to register the echoes of an imperforated pulmonary valve. In the remaining patients, the differential diagnosis with persistent truncus arteriosus was not possible. M-mode and Two-dimensional echocardiographic features of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum are specific of this malformation and can differentiate it from other forms of hypoplasia of the right ventricle. PMID- 7138135 TI - [Clinico-echocardiographic correlation in a case of peripartum cardiopathy]. AB - A case of post-partum cardiomyopathy in a patient with pansystolic mitral prolapse is presented. Two days after delivery the patient had an episode suggestive of pulmonary thromboembolism with heart failure. The diagnosis was not confirmed by a lung scan. Chest X rays showed cardiomegaly and pulmonary congestion. M-mode echocardiography showed pansystolic mitral prolapse, dilatation of the left ventricle and generalized hypomobility of the walls. Two weeks later the patient was asymptomatic, chest X rays were normal and the echocardiogram showed mitral prolapse with normal size cavities and movement of the walls. The difficulties to establish the diagnosis of this process employing conventional methods of diagnosis is discussed. The importance of echocardiography in the detection and follow-up of this condition is stressed. PMID- 7138136 TI - [Dysfunction of valvular prostheses. Results of surgical treatment]. AB - Twenty six of malfunctioning valve prosthesis (one patient with two prosthesis) operated between may 1977 and may 1980 at the National Institute of Cardiology of Mexico are revised. Seventeen prosthesis were implanted in the mitral position and 10 in the aortic position. A comparative study is male between the different types of prosthesis, especially between the duramater and the Bjork prosthesis. Clinical diagnosis of malfunctioning prosthesis was made in all the patients; cardiac catherization was done in 20 patients. Phono and Echocardiography were useful tools in most cases. The most frequent causes of prothesis malfunction were: thrombosis, valve rupture and para-valvular leaks. The Bjork prosthesis are the most thrombogenic of all. Valve rupture was prevalent with the duramater prosthesis. Five patients died (19%); acute dysfunction accounted most deaths. The duramater prosthesis have a similar percentage of dysfunction as the most accepted prosthesis; a suggestion is made to modify the supportive ring to make it more beneficial. PMID- 7138137 TI - [Pulmonary mechanics and small airways in patent ductus arteriosus and interventricular communication, in relation to pulmonary arterial flow and pressure]. AB - Eighteen patients with ventricular septal defect or patent ductus arteriosus were studied to investigate the effects of an increase of pulmonary hypertension. In general group II showed similar results as previously reported in patients with atrial septal defect without pulmonary hypertension. In group I, we found an increased frequency of functional abnormalities in the small airways. We do not have a definitive explanation for the origin of these differences. PMID- 7138139 TI - Species differences in the kinetics and metabolism of fenfluramine isomers. AB - After single oral doses of racemic fenfluramine to man and animals (male CD-COBS Sprague-Dawley rat, male CD1-COBS mice and male beagle dogs) plasma and/or brain concentrations of the d- and l-isomers and their deethylated metabolite were measured by gas-liquid chromatography. In rat and mouse d-fenfluramine had a longer half-life (T 1/2) and gave a larger area under the curve (AUC) than the l isomer. These differences were consistent with stereoselective N-deethylation of l-fenfluramine. Thus, in both species the plasma and brain AUC of the l metabolite were double that of the d-form. In man and dog slight or no differences were seen between te kinetic and metabolic profiles of the isomers. Comparison of the plasma concentrations time curve of fenfluramine showed slower elimination in man than in the other species. The T 1/2 of the d-isomer was 2.6 hr in rat, 2.5 +/- 0.2 hr in the dog. 4.3 hr in the mouse and 17.8 +/- 0.9 hr in man. The deethylated metabolite norfenfluramine was present in plasma or brain, or both, of all the species examined as a major metabolite of the drug. At the oral doses of racemic fenfluramine tested the ration of the AUC for d norfenfluramine to d-fenfluramine was 4.4, 2.0, 0.8, 0.3, and the dog, rat man and mouse respectively. The T 1/2 of the metabolite was longer than that of the parent drug in all these species. Similar studies with d-fenfluramine indicated that its kinetic profile was identical to that of d-fenfluramine administered in the racemic form. The l-isomer therefore does not change the absorption, distribution and metabolism of the d-isomer which should be considered as the active form. PMID- 7138138 TI - Haemorheological effects of ketanserin, a selective 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, in aged, spontaneously hypertensive dogs. AB - The intravenous injection of ketanserin (0.63-0.31-0.16 mg/kg) to aged, spontaneously hypertensive dogs produces a dose- and time-dependent reduction of mean arterial blood pressure. Concomitantly the whole blood viscosity at shear rates between 11.5 to 450 sec-1 is reduced in parallel with the reduction of packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC) number and whole blood haemoglobin content. Plasma viscosity and plasma fibrinogen levels are slightly reduced after the highest dose of ketanserin only, while plasma osmolarity is not affected. Packed RBC viscosity and RBC deformability as measured by a filtration technique are not consistently changed by such a treatment. The reduction of PCV, possibly subsequent to plasma volume expansion during whole blood pressure reduction, is the major cause for the decrease in whole blood viscosity. Such a rheological effect of ketanserin may contribute to the reduction of peripheral vascular resistance and the maintenance of microcirculatory flow despite the decrease of capillary perfusion pressure during blood pressure reduction. PMID- 7138140 TI - Regulation of the self-stimulation behavior in rats under painful footshock and environmental changes. PMID- 7138141 TI - Cardiodigin: endogenous digitalis-like material from mammalian heart. PMID- 7138143 TI - Absence of dopamine and muscarinic receptors on human lymphocytes. PMID- 7138144 TI - The disposition of quinfamide in the rat. AB - The disposition of quinfamide 1-(dichloroacetyl)-6-(2-furoyloxy)-1, 2, 3, 4 tetrahydroquinoline, an enteric anti-amoebic agent, was studied in the rat. A peak blood level equivalent to 2.3 micrograms/ml of quinfamide was observed at 7 hr following a 20 mg/kg oral dose. Urinary recovery of radioactivity was much higher (84%) following intravenous than oral (48%) administration. Drug levels, in all of the tissues examined. were low. The major pathways of quinfamide metabolism in the rat involve hydrolysis of one or both ester groups, acetylation of the de-acylated product to 1-acetyl-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-6-quinolinol, oxidation of this to the 1-glycolyl metabolite, and aromatization to 6 hydroxyquinoline. PMID- 7138142 TI - Pharmacological inhibition of the actions of low concentrations of ouabain in guinea-pig isolated atria. PMID- 7138145 TI - Studies on the pharmacokinetics and the metabolism of gitoxin in the guinea-pig: II. the enteral absorption and the enterohepatic recirculation. AB - Absorption of 3H-gitoxin and enterohepatic recirculation of the metabolites excreted in the bile were studied in the guinea-pig. Samples were assayed either by RIA or by selective counting of the radioactivity due to tritium. When administered as hydroalcoholic solutions into the stomach or into the duodenum, gitoxin is nearly completely absorbed (94.5%). But the availability of the drug in the systemic circulation is of only 35% (RIA) or 52% (CH2C12-soluble radioactivity). Only 3-5% of the metabolites excreted in the bile enter the enterohepatic cycle. PMID- 7138146 TI - Action of vinblastine on myenteric neurones of guinea-pig ileum. AB - Motor activity of guinea-pig ileum in vitro was monitored by recording isometric tension. Superfusion of the serosal surface with vinblastine (22 microM) increased the motility of ileum but failed to do so in the presence of local anaesthetics and also in preparations depolarised with K+-Tyrode. Atropine (6 microM) or pentolinium (186 microM) reduced the motor response of vinblastine but higher concentration of atropine (60 microM) or pentolinium (930 microM) did not further attenuate the response. Strychnine (58 microM) reversibly blocked the atropine-resistant motor response elicited by vinblastine. It is concluded that vinblastine produces its motor effects by stimulating the non-cholinergic and to some extent cholinergic excitatory neurones of myenteric plexuses. PMID- 7138147 TI - Structure-activity relationships of 2-aminotetralins and 2-aminoindanes: inhibitory neuroeffector mechanisms in isolated guinea-pig ilea. AB - The ability of 2-aminotetralins (2-ATs), 2-aminoindanes (2-AIs), morphine (M) and clonidine (CLON) to alter neuroeffector transmission was studied on field stimulated (FS) guinea-pig ilea (GPI). The activity of these compounds to inhibit K+, histamine (H), actylcholine (ACh), nicotine (Nic) and serotonin (5-HT) induced contractions was determined using superfused GPI segments. 2-ATs, 2-AIs, M and CLON dose-dependently inhibited contractions produced by low frequency stimulation through alpha-adrenergic, opioid or unknown receptor mediated mechanisms. 2-ATs inhibited ACh, Nic, 5-HT and FS, but not K+- or H-induced contractions. 2-ATs, 2-Ais and M were more potent than hexamethonium in inhibiting Nic-induced contractures. 2-AT and 2-AI-induced inhibition was not antagonized by naloxone or phentolamine. However, the inhibitory effects of 2 ATs. 2-AIs and M on FS-GPI were antagonized by increasing the concentration of Ca2+ ion in the media. These data are consistent with the supposition that 2-ATs, 2-AIs or M alter neuroeffector transmission through competitive changes in Ca2+ disposition in cholinergic neurons of guinea-pig isolated ilea. A discussion relating other biological actions of 2-ATs or 2-AIs (e.g. alpha-adrenergic mediated antinociception) to the observed inhibitory neuroeffector responses is provided. PMID- 7138148 TI - Functional and structural changes in veins in spontaneous hypertension. AB - Six month old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and age and sex matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were examined to evaluate the existence of functional and structural changes in the portal vein (PV), inferior vena cavae (IVC) and pulmonary arteries (PA). PV, central nervous and systolic right ventricular pressures did not differ in the anesthetized SHR when compared with WKY, despite elevated systolic arterial pressure. PV, IVC and PA obtained from SHR were less extensible, developed more tension, exhibited an enhanced sensitivity to serotonin and a thromboxane-like prostanoid, accumulated more of the protein precursors 2-14C-leucine, 2-14C-glucosamine, 7-3H-fucose, exhibited a normal rate of uptake of 2-14C-thymidine, and increased protein content and a decreased concentration of DNA. When examined under light and electron microscopy, the veins and PA obtained from SHR demonstrated medial smooth muscle hypertrophy, and increased density of PAS-Schiff positive stain, enlarged and prominent Golgi apparati and an increased cell diameter through the region of the nucleus. These changes were not due to water-logging since the water content of the veins and PA from SHR and WKY did not differ. These data support the conclusion that PV, IC and PA obtained from SHR exhibit functional and structural changes independent of increases in intravenous pressure. These changes may relate to the increase in blood vessel protein. PMID- 7138149 TI - Effect of clonidine and propranolol on venous smooth muscle from spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Clonidine and propranolol reverse arterial smooth muscle hypertrophy in hypertensive animals. It is uncertain whether this is mediated by a reduction in pressure or withdrawal of sympathetic nerve activity to the vasculature. Veins obtained from spontaneously hypertensive rats undergo hypertrophy and thereby provide a model for the separation of pressure-dependent and independent effects of antihypertensive drugs. Clonidine (0.075 and 0.3 mg/kg/day) or propranolol (0.75 and 3.0 mg/kg/day), administered by Alzet minipump for three consecutive weeks to SHR and age and sex matched Wistar-Kyoto normotensive rats (WKY), produced dose-related reductions in systolic arterial pressure, without affecting central or portal venous or right ventricular pressure. Clonidine reversed the decreased extensibility and the biochemical correlates of hypertrophy which characterized the portal (PV) and vena caval veins (IVC) and pulmonary arteries (PA) obtained from SHR. Moreover, clonidine decreased the uptake of PAS-Schiff stain for neutral and acidic glycosaminoglycans (GAG's) and decreased the medial wall thickness of the PV, IVC and PA obtained from SHR. Clonidine did not affect these parameters in blood vessels obtained from WKY. Propranolol exerted actions similar to clonidine, but its effects were more variable and less effective than clonidine, despite equivalent reductions in arterial pressure. The data support the conclusion that clonidine can reverse the functional morphological derangements of venous and PA dysfunction in SHR. The effects appear to be independent of both a reduction in pressure and withdrawal of sympathetic tone to the blood vessels. The data suggest that clonidine, and to a lesser extent propranolol, may act directly on the veins, or indirectly by inhibiting the release or synthesis of a trophic nonadrenergic factor, to reverse the functional and structural changes in the veins. PMID- 7138150 TI - Seizure activity in animals given enprofylline and theophylline, two xanthines with partly different mechanisms of action. AB - Theophylline, that is a potent adenosine receptor antagonist, and enprofylline (3 propylxanthine), that seems to lack antagonism of neuronal depressant effects of adenosine, have been tested for convulsive activity in three animal species. In urethane-anaesthetized guinea-pigs theophylline produced massive generalized convulsions. Enprofylline was without any seizure activity but produced about the same changes as theophylline in heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate (less marked) and blood gas status. The lethal infused dose of enprofylline ws about twice as large as that of theophylline. This should be compared with the observation that enprofylline is about 5 times more potent than theophylline as a bronchodilator. Also in conscious guniea-pigs, mice and cats enprofylline was shown to be devoid of theophylline-like seizure activity. The CNS-stimulant effects of lethal doses of theophylline progressed until death occurred. The major behavioral effects of lethal doses of enprofylline in contrast were inhibition of activity and sedation. It is suggested that lack of seizure activity reflects inability of enprofylline to antagonize neuronal depressant effects of endogenous adenosine. PMID- 7138151 TI - Factors regulating drug cue sensitivity: the effects of dose ratio and absolute dose level in the case of fentanyl dose-dose discrimination. AB - This study presents a parametric analysis of the difference case in drug discrimination; rats were trained to discriminate a higher training dose of fentanyl, a narcotic analgesic, from a lower dose. Two parameters of dose-dose discrimination were investigated. First, dose ratio indicates the magnitude of the difference, expressed as a ratio, between the higher and the lower of the two training doses; dose ratios were 2, 4, 8, and 16 in four groups of animals. The second parameter is the absolute level of fentanyl dose at which any given ratio can be discriminated; in all four groups, the higher of the two training doses was progressively lowered from 0.04 to 0.00125 mg/kg. It was found that dose-dose discriminability of fentanyl was proportional to dose ratio in the entire 2 to 16 range of dose ratio, and that discriminability decreased monotonically as the absolute dose level was lower. Bias in discriminative responding was determined by absolute dose level only; dose ratio exerted no effect. The slope of the fentanyl generalization gradient increased as the dose ratio was smaller, and decreased as the absolute dose level was lower. Both dose ratio and absolute dose level also exerted effects on the ED50-value, but the effects of dose ratio were apparent only at higher training doses of 0.04 to 0.01 mg/kg. The data are consistent with the suggestion that fentanyl-saline discrimination is a special case of dose-dose discrimination; it is similar to the case where the higher of two training doses differs about 16-fold from the lower one. At this point, the lower training dose produces only liminal effects. PMID- 7138152 TI - Na-Ca exchange in heart and smooth muscle microsomes. PMID- 7138153 TI - Alcohol, immunosuppression, and the lung. PMID- 7138154 TI - Calcitonin therapy for bone disease and hypercalcemia. PMID- 7138155 TI - Osteoporosis in young men. PMID- 7138156 TI - The diagnosis of dysfunctional drinking. PMID- 7138157 TI - Reversible renal insufficiency in multiple myeloma. AB - Forty-five patients met the criteria for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma in a retrospective chart review from 1975 to 1980. Renal insufficiency with peak serum creatinine concentration greater than 1.5 mg/dL involved 69% of all patients. Renal insufficiency was reversible in 55% of the cases. Treatment of hypercalcemia and/or chemotherapy for multiple myeloma was associated with reversibility in 88% of cases. Once renal insufficiency occurred in patients with multiple myeloma, those with reversible renal failure had a duration of survival fourfold longer (11.4 v 2.8 months) than those with irreversible renal insufficiency. In conclusion, reversible renal insufficiency from hypercalcemia or the myeloma process itself develops in a majority of patients with multiple myeloma. If therapy reverses the renal dysfunction, a greater life expectancy occurs. Patients with multiple myeloma and renal insufficiency should, therefore, be examined for reversible causes of renal dysfunction, since if found and treated, a substantial improvement in prognosis is achieved. PMID- 7138158 TI - Characterization of acute renal failure in the burned patient. AB - In a retrospective review of 35 patients seen over a two-year period with second- and third-degree burns of 30% or more of their body surface area, six died within 48 hours. Of the remaining 29 patients, polyuric renal failure developed in ten. The functional pattern of this polyuric renal failure appears to be different from other forms of polyuric acute renal failure in that fractional excretion of urinary sodium remains low and the urine to plasma osmolality ratio is commonly above unity. This functional pattern is consistent with a reduction in glomerular filtration rate with a proximal tubular defect such that a "downstream" osmotic diuresis occurs. The distal nephron appears to be intact and functioning. PMID- 7138159 TI - Masked megaloblastic anemia. AB - In six patients, eight episodes of anemia associated with folic acid or vitamin B12 deficiency were unaccompanied by macrocytosis. Six of the eight episodes of anemia were complicated by illnesses of an inflammatory or infectious nature, two patients had iron deficiency, two appeared to have a thalassemia trait, and one had severe renal failure. In five of the eight episodes, erythropoiesis was not megaloblastic and there was insufficient anisocytosis or poikilocytosis to suggest an underlying vitamin deficiency state. Hypersegmented neutrophils were observed in all episodes, but a neutrophil lobe average of greater than 3.5 lobes per cell was observed only once, and in one patient, less than 5% of the circulating neutrophils were hypersegmented. Giant metamyelocytes, however, were present in the marrow in all of the episodes and provided an important clue to the presence of the vitamin deficiency state. PMID- 7138160 TI - Pityrosporum folliculitis. Its potential for confusion with skin lesions of systemic candidiasis. AB - Development of an erythematous, papulonodular to papulopustular skin eruption in four febrile, immunocompromised patients raised the possibility of a systemic mycosis when Gram's stains of unroofed lesions disclosed budding yeasts. Candidiasis, torulopsosis, sporotrichosis, and cryptococcosis were considered in the differential diagnosis, and therapy with amphotericin B was begun. Skin biopsy specimens disclosed fungi to be located exclusively within intact and ruptured hair follicles. Inability of the fungi to grow on media that were not supplemented with lipid and their structure and location all suggested the presence of Pityrosporum sp. When hematogenous dissemination of a mycosis to the skin is suspected, the diagnosis must be based on biopsy specimen demonstration of dermal invasion, ideally with positive cultures. Pityrosporum sp, common skin saprophytes, may produce folliculitis, and be mistaken for pathogenic yeasts. PMID- 7138161 TI - Writers and physicians: toward a common culture. PMID- 7138162 TI - Venous air embolism. AB - Venous air embolism causes injury primarily by obstruction of blood flow from the right side of the heart to the left. This is due to mechanical obstruction of the right ventricular pulmonary outflow tract and pulmonary vasculature and to poorly understood pulmonary vasoconstrictive mechanisms. Venous air embolism can result in considerable hypoxemia from ventilation-perfusion maldistribution and shunt. With large emboli, systemic hypotension, myocardial ischemia, and arrhythmias can occur and result in death. One should be familiar with the clinical setting where embolism occurs, as prevention is the best treatment. When air embolism is suspected, placement of the patient in the left lateral decubitus position, initiating closed chest massage or, if possible, aspiration of air through a right atrial or Swan-Ganz catheter are all acceptable forms of treatment. The patient should also be given 100% oxygen. PMID- 7138164 TI - Intermittent Cushing's syndrome with an empty sella turcica. PMID- 7138163 TI - Decision-making strategy for clinical-ethical problems in medicine. PMID- 7138165 TI - Graft infection and bacteremia with Listeria monocytogenes in a patient receiving hemodialysis. AB - Patients receiving hemodialysis are particularly susceptible to infection. We report a case of Listeria monocytogenes bacteremia and graft infection developing in a patient receiving hemodialysis. Vancomycin hydrochloride therapy was initiated in anticipation of a staphylococcal infection, and continued as the patient's clinical course improved. Ultimately the arteriovenous graft required excision. Identification of the organism and drug susceptibilities are described. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of both an L monocytogenes arteriovenous graft infection and the use of vancomycin in the treatment of this infection. PMID- 7138166 TI - Pseudomonal abscess formation within a cardiac mural thrombus. PMID- 7138167 TI - Polycythemia rubra vera and artifactual hypoglycemia. AB - A patient with polycythemia rubra vera had had a leukocyte count between 55,000 and 86,000/cu mm and had had serum glucose levels as low as 8 mg/dL. Despite these low serum glucose values, the patient was asymptomatic, and a more careful investigation disclosed that the hypoglycemia was artifactual. This phenomenon, reported in other leukemic states, to our knowledge, has not been previously described in patients with polycythemia rubra vera. Our case broadens the spectrum of the causes of artifactual low serum glucose concentration due to excessive glucose consumption by the WBCs. This phenomenon is related to extreme leukocytosis, regardless of the underlying disease. Unnecessary workup for hypoglycemia can be avoided if its artifactual nature is suspected in any patient with a reported low serum glucose level and high WBC count. PMID- 7138168 TI - Eosinophilic fasciitis: visceral involvement. PMID- 7138169 TI - Subtle cobalamin malabsorption in a vegan patient: evolution into classic pernicious anemia with anti-intrinsic factor antibody. AB - Classic pernicious anemia with abnormal Schilling test results developed in a previously described vegan patient who had coexisting subtle cobalamin malabsorption (demonstrable by abnormal ovalbumin-cobalamin absorption test results but normal Schilling test results). This suggests that the ovalbumin cobalamin absorption test or a modified version may serve as a prodromal phenomenon to identify patients at risk for developing pernicious anemia. The patient's transformation was also accompanied by the appearance of serum anti intrinsic factor antibody. A modified assay retrospectively detected this antibody a year earlier than did the standard assay, indicating that such modification enhances the sensitivity of this useful test. PMID- 7138170 TI - Femoral and skull metastasis with hypercalcemia: occurrence with esophageal carcinoma without dysphagia. AB - The most common initial symptom of esophageal neoplasm is dysphagia. When metastasis occurs, it is most frequent to neighboring lymph nodes, mediastinum, or viscera, eg, the lungs and liver, and only infrequently to bones. Even less frequently do these metastases occur with hypercalcemia. A 59-year-old woman was initially seen with hypercalcemia and bone pain in the hip and leg, which subsequently proved to be the site of metastatic spread secondary to squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Until her death, approximately four months after the diagnosis, she never experienced dysphagia, epigastric or substernal pain, or regurgitation. PMID- 7138171 TI - New echocardiographic observations in a patient with dissimilar atrial rhythms. AB - A patient with an impure flutter was found to have dissimilar atrial rhythms that were confirmed by direct ECG recordings. Echocardiographic studies disclosed that the a waves on the mitral echocardiogram occurred synchronously with the a waves on the esophageal ECG that, in turn, showed atrial flutter at a rate of 300 beats per minute. However, the a waves on the tricuspid echocardiogram coincided closely with the P waves on a surface ECG (lead V) that disclosed a chaotic atrial tachyarrhythmia. These results suggest that echocardiographic study, in conjunction with an esophageal ECG, may be a useful, noninvasive technique for the diagnosis of dissimilar atrial rhythms. PMID- 7138172 TI - Unusual echocardiographic findings in aortic dissection. PMID- 7138175 TI - Tranferring medical records. PMID- 7138174 TI - Coexistence of Gaucher's disease and multiple myeloma. PMID- 7138173 TI - Aplastic crisis due to extensive bone marrow necrosis in sickle cell disease. PMID- 7138176 TI - Glucose-resistant hypoglycemia in inanition. PMID- 7138177 TI - Effects of REMs and PGOs on visual evoked responses during paradoxical sleep of cats. AB - The amplitude modifications of VERs from paired geniculate stimuli during paradoxical sleep were studied in five cats with chronically implanted electrodes, in the presence of REMs and during PGOs without REMs. In both cases the C5 component of evoked potentials was significantly enhanced with respect to the controls. This facilitation affecting presumably only the postsynaptic component of the response seems linked to signals reaching the visual cortex through other than geniculo-striate pathways. The disinhibition of the second VER appears to be due to intracortical mechanisms, and is not specifically related to phasic events of sleep, such as we previously described during light conditioning and in the absence of eye movements. It is proposed that this effect may be a more general phenomenon caused by changes in cortical activation during eye movement and conditioning. PMID- 7138178 TI - Animal hypnosis: an attempt to reach a definition. AB - Animal hypnosis is a prolonged immobility response which may be defined according to several physiological parameters. In the rabbit, EEG, hyppocampal rhythmic activity, spinal reflexes and local cerebral glucose utilization are modified during this condition. The duration of the response is affected by persistent nociceptive stimuli. Corticosterone plasma levels are correlated with individual susceptibility and elevated when habituation to hypnosis occurs. Testosterone metabolism in the hypothalamus is found decreased after a single trial and increased following repeated trials. The possible importance of these modifications is discussed. PMID- 7138179 TI - Effect of magnocellular forebrain nuclei lesions on acetylcholine output from the cerebral cortex, electrocorticogram and behaviour. AB - ACh output from the cerebral cortex, electrocortical activity, spontaneous alternation and the acquisition of a conditioned avoidance response have been investigated in rats 20 days after the placement of a unilateral lesion of the magnocellular forebrain nuclei (MFN). ACh output from the hemisphere ipsilateral to the lesion was 40% lower than in sham operated rats. Electrocortical activity quantified with a frequency analyzer supplemented by a period and power spectrum analysis showed a marked asymmetry between the two hemispheres of the lesioned rats. The total electrical activity was strongly reduced over the lesioned hemisphere. The reduction involved all frequencies but was more evident in the high frequencies. In the lesioned rats spontaneous alternation was not impaired and spontaneous motility was enhanced while the acquisition of a conditioned active avoidance in a two-way shuttle box was significantly hampered. The possibility is envisaged that the destruction of cholinergic fibres impinging upon the cerebral cortex may decrease cortical activation and impair the selective awareness necessary for information acquisition and exclusion of irrelevant output. PMID- 7138181 TI - Visual wulst-optic tectum relationships in birds: a comparison with the mammalian corticotectal system. PMID- 7138182 TI - Electrophysiological and structural studies of the organization of inputs to ganglion cells in the turtle retina. AB - The structure of electrophysiologically identified bipolar, amacrine and ganglion cells has been studied in the turtle retina. The distribution of these cells processes within the inner plexiform layer (i.p.l.) was evident after intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or Procion yellow. The observations indicated that ganglion cells may be subdivided into two groups, on the basis of their organization of inputs. Type A ganglion cells receive only bipolar cells inputs, and Type B ganglion cells receive an additional input from amacrine cells. Each of the two groups of ganglion cells performs specific visual functions, like color discrimination or directional sensitivity. PMID- 7138180 TI - A new appraisal of high pressure nervous syndrome. AB - The principal symptoms of High Pressure Nervous Syndrome (HPNS) were described for Man in 1969. Results obtained since then, for monkeys as well as for Man, have shown that while these original observations remain valid, they must be slightly revised. Firstly, all the symptoms of HPNS do not obey the same laws. Secondly, the gravity of HPNS does not depend only on the depth attained. The symptoms depend on the gas mixture used and, for a given gas mixture at a given depth, on the rate and mode of compression. It is possible to reduce the gravity of HPNS by using a specific mode of compression. However, it should be noted that the disappearance of a given symptom due to the modification of one or several parameters of the compression, does not necessarily signify the disappearance of HPNS. Experiments are still necessary to evaluate the most significant alarm signals for each type of compression used. PMID- 7138184 TI - Dynamics of the cerebellar output: a radioautographic study. PMID- 7138183 TI - [The hierarchical levels of motor organization]. PMID- 7138187 TI - The two types of motor apraxia. AB - Ideomotor and ideational apraxia are higher motor disturbances at two different levels. In ideomotor apraxia the execution of simple and complex, meaningful and meaningless movements with the orofacial musculature and/or with the limbs, is impaired in a very distinct way, as has been described in detail. The parapraxic distortions of movements occur, when the movement is required out of context. The recognition of movements and gestures is intact. In ideational apraxia, in contrast, there is a disturbance in the conceptual organization of complex actions requiring the use of various objects. The syndrome is observed already in the spontaneous behaviour of the patients. There are indications that these patients are also impaired in the recognition of actions. PMID- 7138185 TI - Measure of the correlation between brain activities: a methodological approach. AB - This paper is a short review of the work done on methods of measuring nerve activity. 1) It is proposed that physiologically meaningful measures of mass activities should have the character of time averages. The advantages of continuous integration are discussed. 2) For a comparison of the mass activities from different structures the method of the ongoing cross-correlation coefficient is proposed. The properties of the method are discussed and some preliminary results are reported showing its usefulness in the investigation of the so-called steady state activities. PMID- 7138186 TI - Vestibular mechanisms related to vertical and torsional eye movements. AB - 1. A series of experiments concerning the organization of the vertical vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) of the rabbit are reviewed. 2. Unanesthetized, encephale isole and intact, alert rabbits have been submitted to natural stimulation of the labyrinth consisting in sinusoidal oscillations and static tilts around the longitudinal axis. The oculomotor responses have been recorded at the level of the III nucleus oculomotor neurons (OMN) and from the four vertical eye muscles. 3. The phase and gain of the OMN response at different frequencies of oscillation indicate a serial involvement of the macular ampullar labyrinthine receptors in the activation of the OMN. In the low frequency range of head movements, macular receptors alone can provide adequate ocular compensation. By raising the frequency of head movements, the threshold value of acceleration for recruiting second order vestibular neurons related to semicircular canals is reached and the vertical VOR is controlled predominantly by the ampullar receptors of the vertical canals. 4. These results have been confirmed and extended in the alert, intact rabbit. By orienting the animal in different positions with respect to the axis of oscillation it has been possible to activate selectively one or the other pair of complementary vertical canals. The EMG responses recorded from the vertical eye muscle exhibited different magnitudes in the different orientations, while the phase curve remained the same. 5. The static otolith-ocular reflex has also been investigated by tilting the alert animals oriented in the same way. The pattern of the EMG responses elicited by the pure macular input coincides with that obtained during dynamic stimulation. The existence of separate functional macular regions specifically connected with the different eye muscles and a close convergent action of the two types of labyrinthine receptors in ocular compensation, are suggested. PMID- 7138188 TI - Some physiological properties of the ascending brain stem reticular system. PMID- 7138189 TI - Somatosensory rhythms in the awake cat: a single unit exploration of their thalamic concomitant in nucleus ventralis posterior and vicinity. AB - A microelectrode study was performed in n. ventralis posterior (VP) of the fully alert cat, to study the correlation between thalamic unit activity and the cortical synchronized 14 c/sec rhythms that develop in the somatic area I for forepaw and wrist projections, when the animal is in a state of "quiet waking". (i) Only a small proportion of VP cells underwent changes during the studied cortical rhythms. (ii) None of these cells were typical thalamo-cortical relay cells carrying tactile messages to the cortex. (iii) Cells altering their discharge were of two types, rhythmic (R) cells, discharging at the frequency of the cortical rhythms, and tonic (T) cells, displaying an overall, sustained change during the whole sequence of cortical 14 c/sec. (iv) Among R cells, some were long axon thalamo-cortical cells and others, likely to be interneurones. (v) Some T cells increased their firing rate during rhythmic trains, others came into silence during the same period. (vi) The thalamic circuitry responsible for this particular set of "quiet waking rhythms" is discussed. PMID- 7138190 TI - Changes in the energy substrate after hepatectomy--preferential utilization of fatty acids and its effect on hepatic regeneration after major hepatectomy. PMID- 7138191 TI - The histogenesis of hamster pancreatic cancer induced by N-nitroso-bis(2 hydroxypropyl)amine. PMID- 7138192 TI - Motility of the gastric tube after surgery of the upper alimentary tract with special reference to high pressure zone at the gastroduodenal junction. PMID- 7138193 TI - [Somatosensory evoked potential in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage]. PMID- 7138195 TI - [Application of microfluorometry to cardiovascular surgery. 3. Comparison of crystalloid cardioplegia and cold blood cardioplegia in terms of myocardial metabolism, lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial coenzyme Q10]. PMID- 7138194 TI - [Application of microfluorometry to cardiovascular surgery. II. Evaluation of the ischemic mitochondrial damage and the safety limit of the intermittent cold blood cardioplegia by means of myocardial metabolism]. PMID- 7138196 TI - [An analysis of altered energy metabolism in hemorrhagic and endotoxin shock- experimental studies on the basis of hepatic mitochondrial activities]. PMID- 7138197 TI - [An experimental study of vitamin E on the etiology of pancreatitis]. PMID- 7138198 TI - Hemolysis after implantation of prosthetic heart valves. PMID- 7138199 TI - Surgical treatment of congenital coronary arterial fistula. PMID- 7138201 TI - [Therapeutic effect of canrenoate potassium (soldactone) in patients after open heart surgery]. PMID- 7138200 TI - Conversion of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage tube into an endoprosthesis by means of burying its external tip in the subcutaneous tissue. PMID- 7138202 TI - Solitary schwannoma of sciatic nerve. Diagnosis by CT. PMID- 7138203 TI - [Remarkable intracranial findings in a burn victim]. AB - In a case of death from burning, the examination of the corpse (80 year old female pensioner, walking disability, almost blind, heavy smoker) resulted in a number of remarkable findings: Epidural burn hematoma, retraction and rupture of the dura mater, cauliflower-like swelling of the brain in the frontal area, detachment of both crura cerebri with hemorrhaging into the interstitial tissue, microscopically recognizable hemorrhaging in the right frontal lobe of the brain. The mentioned findings were construed as post mortem changes. The question how such hemorrhaging could occur after death is being discussed by means of the literature. In conclusion, it is pointed out that the findings made in cases of death from burning should be assessed with great reserve. PMID- 7138204 TI - [Determination of barbiturates in bone tissue]. PMID- 7138205 TI - [Offense sex. A criminologic contribution to the manifestations of exhibitionism and other nuisance practices and their practical significance]. PMID- 7138206 TI - [A case of vaginal cyanide administration]. PMID- 7138207 TI - [Spinal fractures caused by hanging]. PMID- 7138208 TI - [Dependence of lactate and glucose levels in blood plasma and the hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit of boars on external factors]. PMID- 7138209 TI - [Comparative studies of skeletal muscle (m. longissimus dorsi) ultrastructure in swine breeds with different degrees of resistance to stress. Comparison between Duroc and Pietrain]. PMID- 7138210 TI - [Glucose level, GOT, alkaline phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase activities in the blood plasma of swine during fattening with crude microbial or yeast protein]. PMID- 7138211 TI - [Use of homogenous programs for complex veterinary testing of milking technics. 1. Studies of vacuum conditions inside and between milking cup spaces in tubular milking facilities]. PMID- 7138212 TI - [Use of homogenous programs for complex veterinary testing of milking technics. 2. Studies of vacuum conditions inside and between milking cup spaces in type M632 fishbone milking facilities]. PMID- 7138213 TI - [Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities in the blood plasma of swine of different age groups and of piglets with inability to stand]. PMID- 7138214 TI - [Effects of the extreme length of daylight on the development of ovaries and uteri and on cerebral epiphysis function in immature swine]. PMID- 7138216 TI - [Dry mass and different mineral (Ca, Mg, Na, P) levels in various organs and skeletal muscles of newborn piglets with very low birth weight]. PMID- 7138215 TI - [Nutrition-induced nephropathies in rats following lactose consumption depending on feed sterilization and microbial status of the animals]. PMID- 7138218 TI - [Culture media for Pasteurella multocida cultivation]. PMID- 7138217 TI - [Studies of various blood parameters in relation to the litter size of swine]. PMID- 7138219 TI - [Relevance of particle size for aerogenic immunization]. PMID- 7138220 TI - [Onset and persistence of immunity to swine fever following aerogenic immunization]. PMID- 7138221 TI - [Glucose levels and various enzyme activities (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, acid and alkaline phosphatases, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) in camel serum during the day]. PMID- 7138222 TI - [Pathoanatomical and pathohistological studies of cyclophosphamide-induced organ changes in calves with special reference to lymphatic organs]. PMID- 7138223 TI - Predisposition to petty criminality in Swedish adoptees. I. Genetic and environmental heterogeneity. AB - The inheritance of criminality was studied in 862 Swedish men and adopted by nonrelatives at an early age. If type of offense and association with alcohol abuse were neglected, criminality was heterogeneous and appeared to be largely nonfamilial. Nevertheless, different genetic and environmental antecedents influenced the development of criminality, depending on whether or not there was associated alcohol abuse. Alcoholic criminals often committed repetitive violent offenses, whereas nonalcoholic criminals were characterized by commission of a small number of petty property offenses. These nonalcoholic petty criminals had an excess of biologic parents with histories of petty crime but not alcohol abuse. In contrast, the risk of criminality in alcohol abusers was correlated with the severity of their own alcohol abuse, but not with criminality in the biologic or adoptive parents. Unstable preadoptive placement was associated with increased risk for petty criminality, whereas low social status was associated with alcohol-related criminality. We discuss the significance of these results in relation to the classification of criminals and current concepts about antisocial personality. PMID- 7138224 TI - Predisposition to petty criminality in Swedish adoptees. II. Cross-fostering analysis of gene-environment interaction. AB - The interaction of congenital and postnatal antecedents of criminality was studied in 862 Swedish men adopted at an early age by nonrelatives. Most explained variability was due to differences between the genetic predispositions of the adoptees, but substantial contributions were also made by postnatal environment, either alone or in combination with specific genetic subtypes. There was no overlap between the congenital antecedents of alcoholism and nonalcoholic criminality, but some postnatal variables were common to criminality and one type of alcoholism that is limited to expression in men, according to earlier studies. Low social status alone was not sufficient to lead to criminality, but did increase risk in combination with specific types of genetic predisposition. Unstable preadoptive placements contributed to the risks of both petty criminality and male-limited alcoholism, but not to other types of alcohol abuse. We discuss these results in terms of their clinical and social implications. PMID- 7138225 TI - Predisposition to petty criminality in Swedish adoptees. III. Sex differences and validation of the male typology. AB - Sex differences in the inheritance of criminality were studied in 913 women and 862 men from the Stockholm Adoption Study. Our multivariate classification of genetic heterogeneity was validated in the female sample by confirmation of predictions derived from the men. The congenital antecedents of criminality were the same regardless of sex, but the congenital predisposition to criminality had to be more severe for a woman to be affected. Furthermore, the postnatal antecedents of criminality that were studied were qualitatively different in the two sexes. Prolonged institutional care and urban rearing increased the risk of criminality in women but not in men. In contrast, multiple temporary placements and low social status of the adoptive home increased the risk ot criminality in men but not women. The antecedents of petty criminality and alcohol abuse were distinct in both sexes. Cross-fostering analysis indicated that postnatal factors were more important for criminality than for alcoholism in women. We discuss the overall significance of this series of reports and make suggestions for future research. PMID- 7138227 TI - Stone-Roth model of civil commitment and the California dangerousness standard: operational comparison. AB - Professional opposition to making "dangerousness" the primary criterion for involuntary civil commitment has galvanized in support of the proposed "new medical model." The Stone-Roth criteria for commitment were applied to patients being committed under California's version of the dangerousness standard. Results showed that 86% of the patients committed under the California statute were viewed by the examining psychiatrists as committable under the Stone-Roth procedures as well. PMID- 7138228 TI - Reliability in the DSM-III field trials: interview v case summary. AB - A study compared the reliability of psychiatric diagnoses obtained from the live interviews and from case summaries, on the same patients, by the same clinicians, using the same DSM-III diagnostic criteria. The results showed that the reliability of the major diagnostic classes of DSM-III was higher when diagnoses were made from live interviews than when they were made from case summaries. We conclude that diagnoses based on information contained in traditionally prepared case summaries may lead to an underestimation of the reliability of diagnoses made based on information collected during a "live" interview. PMID- 7138229 TI - Research diagnostic criteria and DSM-III: an annotated comparison. AB - For several years the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) have been used widely by investigators to select and describe research subjects. These criteria were used as the initial basis for the specified diagnostic criteria for the major diagnostic categories of DSM-III. With the availability of DSM-III in early 1980, research investigators involved in ongoing studies using the RDC and those planning future studies need to understand the relationship between these two systems so that they can make an informed decision about the use of these systems in their work. We compared each of the RDC categories with the corresponding DSM III categories and determined major differences in the way the systems define many of the categories and the reasons form these differences. We delineated some of the issues that need to be considered when making decisions about which sets of criteria to use in research studies. PMID- 7138226 TI - An independent analysis of the Copenhagen sample of the Danish Adoption Study of Schizophrenia. V. The relationship between childhood social withdrawal and adult schizophrenia. AB - This study examines the relationship between childhood behavioral disturbances and adult schizophrenia in the Copenhagen sample of the Danish Adoption Study of Schizophrenia. Using blindly rated information from interviews with adult relatives, childhood social withdrawal (CSW) and antisocial, but not anxious, traits were significantly more common in the biologic relatives of all adoptees with schizophrenia and "chronic schizophrenia" than in the biologic relatives of control adoptees. These traits were equally frequent in the adoptive relatives of schizophrenics and controls. Biologic relatives of schizophrenics with CSW were at high risk as adults for development of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Although retrospective bias in reporting childhood traits cannot be ruled out, these results suggest that CSW and possibly antisocial traits are linked genetically to adult schizophrenia. PMID- 7138230 TI - First-admission psychiatric ward milieu: treatment process and outcome. AB - A two-year, prospective study of 123 first-admission patients examined the impact of different inpatient treatment decision-making styles on patient outcome on a therapeutic community ward and a medically oriented psychiatric ward. Ward philosophy, programmatic and administrative structure, and ward atmosphere defined the ward milieus. Data on length of stay and the use of various therapeutic modalities provided comparisons of treatment process. Standardized ratings of psychopathologic condition and levels of function, readmissions, and illness attitudes were used to assess two-year outcomes. The major finding was the absence of outcome differences despite longer lengths of stay on the therapeutic community ward. Hence, differences in ward decision-making style may not influence outcome, but may affect the process of care among diagnostically heterogeneous, first-admission patients treated in a university setting. PMID- 7138231 TI - Supervising intake diagnosis. A psychiatric 'Rashomon'. AB - Psychiatric diagnoses based on data collected during routine clinical intake evaluations done by trainees are often later used in research studies and in program evaluation. It is commonly assumed that the supervisory process can effectively overcome errors that trainees make in diagnosis. We designed a study to assess the adequacy of patient-in-absentia supervision for ensuring accurate psychiatric diagnoses. In 30% of the cases there were major diagnostic disagreements between the supervised diagnoses and consensus diagnoses based on information provided by both the trainee and an experienced clinician who sat in on the trainee's initial interview. These findings have implications for clinical care, training, and research. PMID- 7138232 TI - Dexamethasone suppression testing of alcoholics. AB - Fourteen (33%) of 43 men hospitalized for alcohol abuse showed abnormal cortisol levels at 4 pm, 17 hours after administration of 1 mg of dexamethasone (median, five days after admission). Most (but not all) of these nonsuppressors showed multiple signs of alcoholic physical deterioration; there may be more than one mechanism by which alcohol abuse can lead to an abnormal result of this test. Suppressors and nonsuppressors reported similar alcohol consumption, symptoms of depression, and occurrence of depression among close relatives. Only two patients (5%) showed abnormal cortisol levels at 8 am, nine hours after administration of dexamethasone. These results suggest that, as a screen for primary depressive illness among recently abstinent alcohol abusers, the 4 pm cortisol level is not specific enough, but the 8 am level might be useful in patients who have no alcoholic relatives. PMID- 7138233 TI - Residence relocation inhibits opioid dependence. AB - Residence relocation affected opioid drug use among 248 addicts in San Antonio, Tex. One hundred seventy-one subjects reported a total of 465 relocations away from San Antonio during a mean follow-up period of 20 years. Subjects were voluntarily abstinent 54% of the time during relocation and 12% of the time during San Antonio residence. The frequency of one-year abstinence after relocation (17%) was nearly three times greater than that after 1,654 treatment and correctional interactions (6%). Treatment preceding relocation led to a notably higher frequency of abstinence (31%). When abstinent subjects returned to San Antonio, they resumed opioid use within one month in 81% of the cases. Possible explanatory factors include drug availability, conditioned abstinence, and peer modeling. The findings suggest that relocation of patients should often be encouraged rather than discouraged. PMID- 7138235 TI - The choice of diagnostic criteria for biological research. AB - The need for operational definitions of psychiatric syndromes is now widely accepted, and their use has improved reliability considerably. However, the existence of numerous competing definitions of several of the major syndromes and political pressures to use particular definitions highlight our lack of adequate criteria of validity. One reason why it is difficult to decide where the boundaries of individual syndromes should best be drawn is that we have largely failed to demonstrate discontinuities or "points of rarity" between related syndromes. The considerations that ought to govern the choice between competing definitions in this situation are discussed, and it is suggested that the best research strategy at present may be to use two or three alternative definitions simultaneously. PMID- 7138234 TI - Clonidine and naltrexone. A safe, effective, and rapid treatment of abrupt withdrawal from methadone therapy. AB - Clonidine hydrochloride and naltrexone hydrochloride, given in combination, were found to provide a safe, effective, and extremely rapid treatment of abrupt withdrawal from methadone hydrochloride therapy. Under controlled inpatient conditions established to assess dosage guidelines and to examine specific signs and symptoms of withdrawal, ten (91%) of 11 patients were able to withdraw completely from methadone therapy by the end of a six-day period. Six days of clonidine hydrochloride treatment, with a peak mean dose of 2.9 mg/day on treatment day 2, attenuated the withdrawal-inducing effects of naltrexone. Naltrexone hydrochloride was gradually increased from an initial 1-mg dose on treatment day 2 to 50-mg maintenance dose on treatment day 5 without an associated increase in withdrawal symptoms. Clonidine significantly decreased BP without producing clinical problems. The withdrawal symptoms of anxiety, restlessness, and muscular aching were most resistant to treatment, but at discharge most patients were completely asymptomatic. PMID- 7138237 TI - Traumatic war neurosis and phenelzine. PMID- 7138236 TI - Recognition of mental disorders. PMID- 7138238 TI - Nicotine influence upon the development of experimental stomach tumors. AB - The study of nicotine action upon N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) stomach cancer development was carried out in rats. As compared with control it was established that combined MNNG and nicotine long-term administration led to the occurrences: 1) stomach pretumorous changes of the whole mucous membrane; 2) earlier development of stomach cancer tumors and its frequency was doubled; 3) progressive decrease of acetylcholinesterase activity, especially expressed in homogenates of cerebrum hemispheres, hypothalamic region and medulla oblongata (where this activity is practically failed to be expressed). The obtained data are the witness of the nicotine ability to enhance the MNNG-stomach carcinogenesis in rats. The possible action of the autonomic nervous system in such nicotine effects is under discussion. PMID- 7138239 TI - [Treatment experiments with glucose-induced hyperglycaemia plus Clostridium spores on the Jensen sarcoma of rats]. AB - Investigations Jensen's sarcoma-bearing Wistar rats demonstrate the possibility to increase significantly the oncolytic effect of an apathogenic strain of Clostridium butyricum (5 x 10(8) spores of Cl. oncolyticum M 55 i.v.) by an artificial short time hyperglycaemia (achieved maximum blood level of glucose 28.87 +/- 8.05 mmol/l). The most impressive effect was observed after a repeated application of this combination at a distance of 7 days. Both the hyperglycaemia and the application of spores have a high tumour selectivity and a relatively good compatibility. The consequence for estimations of the LDH-, ALAT- and ASAT activity in the judgment of the therapeutical tumours damage rate is discussed. PMID- 7138240 TI - Histological changes identical to those of condylomatous lesions found in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. AB - Esophageal specimens derived from sixty patients with an established invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus were histologically surveyed with special reference to the morphological manifestations of human papilloma virus (HPV), known to cause flat, inverted and papillomatous lesions (Condylomas) in the uterine cervix. Epithelial changes fulfilling the criteria of the papillomatous condyloma were present in one case, those of the inverted lesions in three cases, and those of the flat condylomas in a total of 20 cases. The possible role of HPV in the development of these lesions was discussed, and the possibility was presented that HPV could be the agent responsible for or contributing to the evolvement of the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in man. PMID- 7138241 TI - Interrelationship between several prognostic factors in Hodgkin's disease. AB - Material of 150 patients with Hodgkin's disease was demonstrated and analyzed as to the prognostic significance of factors such as clinical advancement of the disease, histology, sex and age. Median survival time differed significantly in various clinical stages, being in I-III A stages as long as 8.0 years, in III B- 5.5 and in IV B--3.4. Median survival time in relative to histologic pattern did not differ significantly in spite of fact that that of LD form was about 2 years shorter than of 3 remaining types. Mean but not median survival time of women was significantly longer than that of men: women were at presentation at less advanced clinical stages and in LD type showed more favourable clinical course than men, but not in NS type. Presence of systemic symptoms was also determinant of worse prognosis. It was observed that simultaneous incidence of unfavourable prognostic factor as LD histology, male sex and advanced clinical stage markedly worsened prognosis. PMID- 7138242 TI - Critical evaluation of the usefulness of different reticulocyte parameters in monitoring the erythropoiesis reaction to cancer chemotherapy. AB - Eighteen patients with various solid tumors were treated with combination of vincristine and 30-50 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide. Prior therapy and in 1-3 day intervals these patients had determined in peripheral bloods: frequency of reticulocytes (%R), absolute reticulocyte count (ARC), corrected reticulocyte count (CRC), reticulocyte production index (RPI) and hematocrit (Ht). These studies have shown that the impairment of reticulocyte production is earlier diagnosed by RPI than ARC and CRC, and finally by %R. On the other hand, %R was the parameter which allowed for the earliest detection of the beginning of recovery post chemotherapy. It is concluded that the RPI is the parameter of choice for detecting the impairment of erythropoiesis during evaluation of new drugs and protocols of cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 7138243 TI - [Malignant neoplasms of the breast in the capital of the German Democratic Republic, Berlin, 1975-1979]. AB - Some important data characterizing the situation in breast cancer control were analyzed in the capital of the German Democratic Republic, Berlin, during the period from 1975 to 1979. In comparison with former periods a progress is demonstrated by a decrease of the diagnostic interval, an increase of stages I and II (73%), an increase of patients treated with radical surgery (85.1%) and an improvement of the relative 5-year-survival rate (67.8% of all stages and age groups). The relative 5-year-survival rate is significantly higher in patients treated in a comprehensive cancer centre with strictly multidisciplinary treatment (75.8%) than in those treated in all other hospitals (63.5%). For patients treated in hospitals with less than 20 new cases per year the survival rate is significantly lower (59.4%), especially for the advanced stages III and IV. Further progress in breast cancer control can be expected by improvement of early detection, centralization of treatment in hospitals with specialized oncological team work and a well organized follow-up system. PMID- 7138245 TI - [Derivatives of 2-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene, VII: Aroyl esters of cis- and trans-2-dimethylamino-3-hydroxy-5,8-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4 tetrahydronaphthalenes]. PMID- 7138244 TI - Synthesis and antianoxia activity of thiophene-substituted vinylsulfoxides and vinylsulfones, X-ray structure determination of E-(methyl-) [2-phenyl-2-(2 thienyl) vinyl]sulfoxide. PMID- 7138246 TI - [Saliva and serum concentrations of oxipurinol after a single oral dose of allopurinol]. PMID- 7138247 TI - Subperiosteal segmental resection and insertion of a fibula graft in the treatment of solitary bone cysts of the humerus. PMID- 7138248 TI - The fibular reciprocal fracture in tibial shaft fractures caused by indirect violence. AB - A series of 200 consecutive junctional middle-distal third tibial shaft fractures caused by indirect violence was analysed with emphasis on the significance of the location of the fibular reciprocal fracture. The fibular fracture was eccentric, i.e. subcapital or malleolar, in 96 patients. This fracture pattern was encountered only in adults and showed significantly more severe initial displacement and with conservative treatment longer union time than fractures with intact fibula or the fibular fracture on the same level with the tibial fracture. Especially for fractures with an initial lateral displacement of more than one half of the diaphyseal diameter and with an eccentric fibular reciprocal fracture internal fixation with uncomplicated postoperative course shortened the union time and prevented residual deformity. A malleolar fibular fracture and the rare separate displaced posterior triangle fracture should in addition as such be regarded as indications for osteosynthesis. PMID- 7138249 TI - Performing shoulder arthrography without image converters in the field of orthopedic accident surgery. AB - This paper describes a method by which a shoulder arthrography may be carried out without the aid of fluoroscopy. To provide all patients with the best therapy possible, one should be able to perform arthrographies without having to own an image intensifier. The process of mixing a radiopaque substance with a local anesthetic agent combined with air will in itself dissolve existing adhesions during the tapping of the joint, as a result of which this diagnostic procedure will turn into therapy. In cases of extensive lacerations of the joint capsule, it is not possible to obtain a clear outline of the intra-articular structures, but on the other hand we shall frequently meet with a diffuse outflow of the mixture into the surrounding musculature. No allergic reactions to the radiopaque substance were observed. PMID- 7138250 TI - Replantation of the hallux by microsurgical techniques. AB - In this report three cases of successful hallux replantation are presented. The indications for this type or surgery are discussed on the basis of the functional results of these replantations. In our opinion, corrective surgery is indicated in all cases of traumatic hallux and/or multiple-toe amputations. PMID- 7138251 TI - Intramedullary Ender nailing combined with Parham's modified band in the treatment of subtrochanteric femoral fractures. Report of four cases. AB - The treatment of oblique subtrochanteric femoral fractures is often difficult. Both fixation with a nail and plate, and intramedullary nailing have several pitfalls. Four cases treated with intramedullary Ender nailing combined with Parham modified bands are presented. The method is technically simple, gives complete reduction, allows early mobilization and gives a good functional result. PMID- 7138252 TI - Pectoralis major rupture in athletes. PMID- 7138253 TI - The gastrocnemius muscle flap in the correction of severe flexion contracture of the knee. AB - Extreme flexion contracture of the knees due to extra-articular contracture of the knee joints is a frequent deformity in catastrophic neurological lesions such as multiple sclerosis, meningomyelocoele, paraplegia, quadriplegia, and cerebral spastic paralysis. Such gross knee contractures together with the coexisting hip flexion contractures create a severe nursing problem. Adequate perineal hygiene and positioning are very difficult to achieve and thus pressure sores frequently develop in these bed-ridden patients in spite of devoted nursing care. The orthopaedic surgeon can help alleviate the plight of these unfortunate victims: first the hip joint contractures are released by the classical methods and then, at the same session, the knee contractures: a simple one stage procedure is described. Primary cover of the large popliteal skin defect is achieved by a gastrocnemius versatile muscle flap, which is itself covered by a free split skin graft. An illustrative case is described. PMID- 7138254 TI - Replacement of the anterior cruciate ligament. a comparative study of four different methods of reconstruction. AB - Eighty-seven patients have been examined 2 years on average after knee ligament reconstruction for a torn anterior cruciate ligament. The patients were divided into four groups according to the type of operation that had been carried out. In the first group an extra-articular lateral repair ("MacIntosh tenodesis") had been performed, in the second group an intra-articular "over-the-top" repair using the quadriceps and the patellar tendon, in the third group a modified "Eriksson" procedure using the patellar tendon, and in the fourth group a combined intra- and extra-articular repair using carbon fibres as a graft. The results of the operations in the different groups are compared. The best results were obtained with the "Eriksson" procedure, closely followed by the "over-the top" repair. Limited range of motion and retropatellar pain resulting from changes in the alignment of the patella were the main problems. The results after the use of carbon fibres were less good. In two cases the graft tore without further trauma, and there were also problems because of restricted range of motion and retropatellar pain. The worst results were found after extra-articular lateral repair, due to insufficient stability in many cases. However, the best results with regard to the range of motion were found in this group. PMID- 7138255 TI - Long-term follow-up results of 97 finger replantations. AB - From a total number of 664 finger replantations (DII-DV) we were able to carry out a follow-up of 97 postoperative cases using the follo-wing assessment criteria: mobility, sensitivity, type of amputation, mechanism of injury, level and extent of amputation. Subjective criteria were also taken into account. Using the results of the study we have been able to formulate an evaluation as to the absolute indication for operation of fingers DII-DV. PMID- 7138256 TI - Magnetic necklace: its therapeutic effectiveness on neck and shoulder pain. AB - The effect of the magnetic necklace on chronic neck and shoulder pain was studied on 101 volunteers, 46 males and 55 females. A double-blind method was applied on 4 divided groups (with pain vs without pain matched with magnetic vs nonmagnetic necklace). All the subjects wore the necklace 24 hours per day for 3 weeks. Subjective evaluation from the subjects with pain, either with magnetic or nonmagnetic treatment, was performed before and 3 weeks after the necklace treatment, and revealed a significant placebo effect in terms of decrease in intensity or frequency of pain. The objective tests with electrodiagnostic procedures were done before the treatment and at 3 weekly intervals. The proximal conduction time of the ulnar nerve was significantly reduced by magnetic treatment in the subjects without pain but was not changed in the subjects with pain. There was no significant change in the excitation threshold of the suprascapular nerve in all subjects. The possible mechanism of magnetic effects on pain and the prospect of magnetotherapy for pain relief in physical medicine are discussed. PMID- 7138258 TI - Urinary bladder dysfunction as a remedial disability in multiple sclerosis: a sociologic perspective. AB - Forty-two patients formed the sample for this study. They represented a self selected subset of 115 patients who complained of bladder dysfunction as a disability secondary to multiple sclerosis. The study generated data on previous management and results, subjects' desired current intervention goals, urodynamic evaluation, and current intervention outcomes. Results indicated that bladder dysfunction disabilities are either ignored or mismanaged and that the disability can be reduced to the patient's satisfaction using clinically available diagnostic methods and indicated management. PMID- 7138257 TI - Upper extremity prone position exercise as aerobic capacity indicator. AB - Peak oxygen uptake of prone upper extremity exercise (VO2peak arm) compared with maximal oxygen uptake of upright lower extremity cycling (VO2max leg) was examined in an unselected young healthy male population (n = 21). The large standard deviation of the mean value of VO2peak arm expressed as a percentage of VO2max leg (60.48% +/- 11.84%) discourages use of a maximal upper extremity exercise test to predict total body aerobic capacity (r = 0.595 p = 0.002). However, the relationship between VO2peak arm and VO2max leg was influenced by the individual's cardiorespiratory fitness and capacity to perform either arm or leg work. When the population was divided into subgroups according to cardiorespiratory fitness or when subjects previously trained for either arm or leg work were excluded from analysis, the predictive power of VO2peak arm improved. (r = 0.946 p less than 0.001). Study results suggest that with careful analysis of subjects' fitness prior to upper extremity exercise testing, such exercise in a prone position can indicate aerobic capacity and may be used for fitness training when lower limb disabilities exist. PMID- 7138259 TI - Lower extremity amputation level: selection using noninvasive hemodynamic methods of evaluation. AB - The superior rehabilitative potential of the below knee amputee versus the above knee amputee is well known. In end-stage occlusive vascular disease, the limiting factor in determining how distal an amputation can be performed is whether or not the stump will heal. The use of clinical judgement to determine the correct amputation level has historically been proven to be too subjective. Therefore, several procedures have been proposed which would hopefully fulfill the need for a reliable, objective method for determining the optimal amputation level. These procedures include the measurement of local and cutaneous blood flow and pressure, blood volume, and skin temperature. After evaluating the studies done on each of these procedures, it is evident that the measurement of skin capillary blood flow is the most accurate parameter for predicting wound healing potential. PMID- 7138261 TI - Paraplegic use of the Orlau swivel walker: case report. AB - This case report describes the characteristics, biomechanics, fitting, training, advantages, and disadvantages of the Orlau swivel walker. Advantages of the walker include stability, easy mobility, and the ability of the wearer to ambulate with free hands. Disadvantages include slow velocity of locomotion, comparative metabolic inefficiency, awkwardness of getting into and from the standing position, and inability to be used on uneven surfaces. In a comparison of the metabolic costs and efficiency of the Orlau swivel walker, bilateral knee ankle-foot orthoses, and a wheelchair, the swivel walker was least efficient (1.9ml O2/kg/m) in comparison to the knee-ankle-foot orthoses (0.9ml O2/kg/m) and the wheelchair (0.18ml O2/kg/m). However, in evaluating a means of locomotion, various factors besides metabolic costs need to be considered; these include efficiency, velocity, the physiologic and psychologic benefits of standing, and the patient's needs. When considering all these factors for an individual patient, the swivel walker may be an effective device for meeting the needs of many individuals with spinal cord injury. PMID- 7138260 TI - Subarachnoid-pleural fistula in traumatic paraplegia. AB - Subarachnoid-pleural fistulas caused persistent pleural effusion in 2 patients with traumatic paraplegia. The fistulas were diagnosed by myelography and radioisotope scan. Most of the previously reported cases of this rare entity have been treated by operative closure of the fistula. Both of the reported patients recovered: one underwent insertion of chest tubes to promote drainage and the other had no specific therapy. The authors believe conservative treatment should be attempted before surgery is considered. PMID- 7138263 TI - Physiatry and physical therapy: models of professional interaction. PMID- 7138262 TI - Tape recorder control for persons with limited hand function. PMID- 7138264 TI - Chinese traditional medicine: its contribution to physical rehabilitation. PMID- 7138265 TI - Abstracts: 59th annual session of the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. PMID- 7138267 TI - Trochanteric pressure in spinal cord injury. AB - Pressure-induced tissue breakdown is a frequent and life-threatening complication for individuals with spinal cord injury. These patients are frequently positioned on their sides to relieve back and sacral pressure while they are in bed. This position causes high trochanteric pressure with the potential for the development of pressure ulcers. In addition, the individual with a spinal cord injury has accompanying absent or diminished sensation, and therefore is not aware of the pressure overload. In this study the positions that will reduce the possibility that trochanteric ulcers will develop are identified. The Pressure Evaluation Pad (PEP), a pneumatic pressure monitoring system, has been used to study the effect of different leg positions on trochanteric pressure. The pressure under the right trochanter was monitored as the contralateral leg was positioned in various degrees of hip and knee flexion or extension. The procedure was repeated for the left trochanter. A study of 50 subjects demonstrated that a position of 30 degrees hip flexion and 35 degrees knee flexion (with lower leg behind midpoint of the body) produced lower contralateral trochanteric pressure than the traditional position of hip and knee flexion across the body. Additionally, thinner patients were found to have higher trochanteric pressure than average weight or obese subjects. Standardizing a method for the positioning of patients on their side can be a significant deterrent to the tissue erosion that greatly interferes with the rehabilitation process. PMID- 7138266 TI - Computed tomography of pressure sores, pelvic abscess, and osteomyelitis in patients with spinal cord injury. AB - Nine patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and large pressure ulcers and other possible complications, were evaluated by computed tomography (CT), conventional radiography, tomography, bone scanning, gallium scanning, and sonography. CT revealed the depth, extent, and relationship of the ulcer-bed to the underlying structures in all 9 patients. CT also positively identified unsuspected intra- and extra-pelvic abscess and pelvic osteomyelitis in 4 patients each. Other modalities identified only 2 of these complications. We believe CT is the modality of choice for evaluation of these complications in SCI patients, because of its superior ability in evaluation of pressure sores and detection of pathologic changes in soft tissue and bone in the pelvic region. PMID- 7138268 TI - Skin surface PO2 and blood flow measurements over the ischial tuberosity. AB - The effect of externally applied load on skin blood flow was examined over the ischial tuberosity by using skin surface oxygen measurements, photoelectric plethysmography, and thermal clearance measurements. The load applied to each transducer in turn was increased every 10 minutes until blood flow was occluded. Cut-off pressures of 40 to 48kPa (300 to 360 mmHg) were recorded. Differences between the average pressure over the entire indenter and pressures at its center were investigated. A combined pressure and PO2 measuring device is presented. PMID- 7138269 TI - CO2 cystometry in myelodysplasia. AB - Findings on consecutive CO2 cystometry in 57 myelodysplastic children are reported. Twenty-six children had autonomous bladders and twenty had reflex bladders. Boys were equally distributed among the 2 common bladder types but girls were found to be predominantly in the autonomous bladder group. Different ancillary parameters were determined such as neurologic level, intelligence quotient, the prevalence of urinary tract infection, intravenous pyelography abnormalities and shunting, and the presence or absence of perianal sensation, bulbocavernosus reflex and erections. There appeared to be no correlation between any of these factors and bladder type except for a lower frequency of urinary infections in the autonomous bladder group. PMID- 7138270 TI - Air pressure splint effects on hand symptoms of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Thirty patients with symptomatic rheumatoid arthritis (RA) of both hands were treated with an air pressure splint. Evaluations were made by measuring ring size, hand volume, range and rate of finger motions, grip strength and degree of pain and stiffness. One hand was randomly assigned to the treatment group while the other served as a control. Patients received the air splint treatment for 5 consecutive days. Data were analyzed by a 2-factor repeated analysis of variance to determine the effectiveness of 1 treatment, the cumulative effect of 5 treatments, the effect of the 5th treatment, and whether the results after the 1st treatment lasted until the 5th treatment. All measurements except hand volume significantly improved with the 1st treatment. Furthermore, the beneficial effects persisted throughout the treatment period. These data indicate the air splint treatment is effective in reducing swelling and other symptoms of RA in the hands. PMID- 7138271 TI - Long thoracic nerve palsy: case report. AB - Although the incidence of isolated long thoracic nerve palsy following acute spinal trauma is rare, one such case is presented with discussion of injury and treatment. The patient is a young man with paraplegia whose hospitalization was prolonged due to isolated right long thoracic nerve palsy. Palsy resulted form overstretching this nerve while using an overhead trapeze. Diagnosis was confirmed by electrodiagnostic studies. Full recovery occurred after 6 months. PMID- 7138272 TI - Electric cart modification for boy with hip extension contractures. AB - A 7-year-old boy with Schwartz-Jampel syndrome was evaluated for a mobility and seating device. Assessment results indicated reduced upper and lower extremity function due to tight stiff muscles, labored and slow movements, hip extension contractures, asthmatic and restrictive pulmonary disease, and normal intelligence. Due to the combination of severe musculoskeletal and pulmonary disease, he had not been able to attend school or interact normally with his environment. Ambulation for more than a few feet was precluded by reduced pulmonary capacity and stiff, slow muscle movements which did not improve with medication. Because of hip extension contractures, he could not sit upright in a chair. An Amigo electric cart with a modified straddle seat enabled the patient to sit upright, attend school, and explore his environment with greater mobility. The unit is simple to operate, adaptable, and cost effective. PMID- 7138274 TI - Needle stimulation. PMID- 7138275 TI - Prognosis of periodic bipolar manic depressive and schizo-affective psychoses. A comparison of two studies. AB - Aspects of the course of manic depressive and schizo-affective psychoses with high recurrence (the patient must have suffered from at least three episodes) are measured by length of episodes, intervals, and cycles. Differences between two patient samples from Switzerland and Poland, and differences between the two diagnostic groups are analyzed taking into account some independent variables such as sex, marital state, age at onset, precipitation, and symptomatology. Bipolar and schizo-affective psychoses show similar patterns of course: early onset, high relapse rate, high number of episodes, and short intervals. Compared to schizo-affective psychoses bipolar psychoses tend to have a higher frequency of episodes per year, shorter intervals, and the length of episodes is longer. Multivariate analysis shows very few correlations of independent variables with aspects of the course. On the whole the differences between the diagnostic groups are much smaller than between the two centers. The Polish and Swiss patient samples differ in course considerably. The patients from Zurich show longer episodes, intervals, and cycles, therefore, the frequency of episodes per year is lower in Zurich. Only a smaller part of the variance can be explained by differences in psychopathology (the Polish patients are more manic and more paranoid). There remain unexplained qualitative differences between the two centers which show how difficult it is to compare scientific results from different sources. PMID- 7138273 TI - Skid loader modification for a man having C5-spared quadriplegia. AB - A front end skid loader was modified to permit a C5-spared quadripletic man to participate in the activities of a family-owned farm. Two elbow control panels each containing 8 microswitches control the motor on/off and 6 electrical actuators that operate engine speed, brake, forward/reverse drive, bucket tilt and bucket arm raise and lower. A self-contained hydraulic crane and electric winch installed on the roof of the protective cage permits transfer to and from the vehicle by 1 attendant operating a control panel on an umbilical cable while guiding the movement of the sling. A modified parachute harness attached to the vehicle frame provides an adjustable quick release restraint system that holds the driver securely in a bucket seat. After 1 year of use no breakdown of the modifications has been reported. Operating the modified farm vehicle has placed this quadriplegic man on a vocational plane equal to other members of his family and farming community. PMID- 7138276 TI - Aspects of the course of bipolar manic-depressive, schizo-affective, and paranoid schizophrenic psychoses. AB - The study deals with the course of three diagnostic groups, namely 50 bipolar manic-depressive, 50 bipolar and manic schizo-affective, and 50 recurrent paranoid psychoses. The patients course was observed over 14-17 years, at least 5 years prospectively. The study concentrates mainly on the prognosis based on the symptomatology observed during the first episode, the stability of the symptoms over several episodes, the residual symptomatology, and the degree of remission during the intervals. Bipolar and schizo-affective psychoses show a similar periodicity. The study further reveals that the periodicity of schizo-affective disorders is mainly linked with the affective symptoms of this disorder. Qualitatively the residual symptoms of bipolar and schizo-affective psychoses differ. Bipolar and phasic paranoid psychoses are quite different with regard to their periodicity and their symptomatology during the episodes and during the intervals. PMID- 7138277 TI - [Hereditary quivering of the chin in a West Spanish family]. AB - An unusual hereditary tremor which affects only the m. mentalis is reported. In four generations of a West Spanish family 20 members exhibited the symptom. It presents a quick rhythmic contractions of the m. mentalis with a frequency of 6 11/s. The amplitude varies greatly. The trembling of the chin appears at intervals from birth and may last seconds or minutes with shorter or longer asymptomatic periods. Stress or excitement can cause or intensify the symptoms. The quivering of the chin found in this West Spanish family does not differ from that described in 11 other families reported in the literature. They are all clinically identical with each other, and in the 12 families the symptom follows an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. The penetrance is slightly reduced, and both sexes are equally affected. It is not serious, but for the patients it is a rather tedious anomaly which is hardly ever reported to a physician. PMID- 7138279 TI - The effect of mental illness on the emotional experience of music. AB - Psychiatric patients (N=107) were studied regarding the importance of pertaining to a diagnostic group for the variation of emotional experience in music. The diagnostic groups chosen were: schizophrenic, depressive and manic psychosis, obsessive, depressive, anxiety and hysterical neurosis. As stimuli seven newly composed pieces of music orchestrated for a small symphony orchestra were used. The assessment of emotional experience was accomplished by semantic differential scales measuring the factors tension-relaxation, gaiety-gloom and attraction repulsion. The most conspicuous findings were: the anxiety neurosis patients experienced the music as neutral in tension and gaiety, but repulsive. Hysterics experienced more gaiety and attraction together with varying degrees of tension, obsessives more tension, depressive psychotics more gloom and schizophrenics more attraction than other groups. PMID- 7138280 TI - The time course of visual hemi-inattention. AB - Twenty right brain-damaged patients and two left brain-damaged patients who showed neglect in the early stage of a stroke were reexamined at a mean time of 10.5 months. In four patients neglect was still as severe as on the initial examination and visual scanning was limited to the right space or even to its rightmost portion. Available CT scan findings suggest that in some patients thalamic lesions may play a critical role in the persistence of neglect. All the other patients improved with passage of time, but minor signs of hemi-inattention could still be demonstrated in the great majority of them. PMID- 7138278 TI - Computerized tomography studies on schizophrenic diseases. AB - Earlier clinical pneumoencephalographic studies showed a subgroup of schizophrenics that have small and dysplastic cerebral ventricles as well as a subgroup with a "pure defect", i.e., a slight internal brain atrophy. In echoencephalograms of pure and mixed residual schizophrenic syndrome patients, a significantly higher average transverse diameter of the third ventricle was demonstrated compared to that in patients with complete remissions. Correlations cannot be expected between certain groups of disease, e.g., epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, or schizophrenia on the whole, and pneumoencephalographic (PEG) and CT findings. Only schizophrenics with distinct signs of pure defect that had persisted for at least 3 years revealed deviations from normal by CT and PEG, but those with irreversible fixed deformations of personality structure ("Strukturverformungen" [9,10]) did not. In patients who were 50 years of age or less with psychic reactive and psychopathic personality disorders, CT showed an average third ventricle diameter of 4.2 mm (range 2-6 mm). Of 117 schizophrenics (average age 35.5 years), only 28% revealed pathological CT changes. However, of 36 schizophrenics with pure residual syndromes 69% showed pathological CT findings that always concerned the third ventricle, rarely the lateral ventricles, and in no case the cortex. The average transverse diameter of the third ventricle in this subgroup with pure defect was 7.6 mm, as compared to 4.6 mm in the subgroup of schizophrenics with complete remission. There was no increase in size with increasing years until the 50th year in schizophrenics, as well as in the control group of variations of psychic being (neuroses and psychopathic personality disorders). PMID- 7138281 TI - Temporal slow activity of the EEG in old age. PMID- 7138282 TI - [Dopamine as a regulator of natriuresis. Experimental bases and their implications]. AB - Renal effects of dopamine (DA) infused i.v. in a subpressor dose (0.1 microgram. kg.-1 min-1) were investigated in healthy human subjects during steady hypotonic polyuria. In each experiment four clearance (cl.) periods of 15 min were performed; DA was administered during the second and the third cl. periods. The glomerular filtration rate and renal effective plasma flow were estimated as endogenous creatinine and PAH clearances. Moreover the following variables were evaluated: a) sodium total and sodium isosmotic reabsorption as a % of sodium filtered load (s.f.l.); b) sodium anisosmotic reabsorption as a % of sodium distal load (s.d.l.); c) total renal vascular resistance (RT), arteriolar afferent (RA) and efferent (RE) resistances. Three groups of experiments were performed: A) in hydro-saline retention by DOCA pretreatment (24 subjects); B) in hydro-saline depletion by natriuretic pretreatment (20 subjects); C) in hydro saline depletion and beta-adrenergic blockade induced by natriuretic and propranolol pretreatments (9 subjects). In A experimental condition DA significantly increased renal plasma flow, glomerular filtration rate, urinary flow, urine sodium concentration and osmolarity; on the contrary DA significantly decreased RT, RA, sodium total and isosmotic reabsorption, % of s.f.l., and sodium anisosmotic reabsorption, % of s.d.l. In B condition no significant changes were observed during DA infusion in either haemodynamic parameters or urinary flow; on the other hand DA significantly blunted urinary osmolarity, urinary sodium concentration and sodium excretion rate suggesting an increased sodium anisosmotic reabsorption (% of s.d.l.). In C condition the vasodilating and hydrosaluretic effects of DA were restored. Our results suggest that DA activates, besides "dopaminic" vascular receptors, the presynaptic facilitory beta-adrenergic receptors in renal adrenergic pathways. Thus the renal action of DA depends on renal adrenergic activity. PMID- 7138283 TI - [Rapid effect of glucuronyl glucosamine glycan sulfate on the blood levels of HDL cholesterol in vascular diseases]. AB - The Authors investigated on the main lipidemic parameters in vascular diseases after acute administration of glucuronyl-glucosamine-glycan sulfate (3GS). The study was carried out in 48 subjects, aged 33 to 78, of whom 38 males and 10 females so divided: 6 metabolically healthy controls (N), 10 with vascular cerebral disease (VCD), 15 with coronary heart disease, 17 with peripheral vascular disease (PVD). Each subject, fasting and without drug treatment at least since 14 hours, after venous blood withdrawal, was given endovenous rapid bolus of 570 lipasemic units of glucuronyl-glucosamine-glycan sulfate (3GS); after 10', 20' and 30' other blood samples were taken; plasma NEFA (colorimetric method) triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and HDL-cholesterol (C-HDL) (enzyme method) were assayed; C-HDL/TC ratio was calculated and LDL-cholesterol value (C LDL) according to the Friedwald-Fredrickson's formula was obtained. In controls NEFA increase after 20' (+ 57%) and triglycerides drop (-49%) were detected; TC significant fall (-13%, P less than 0,05) after 20' was found, preceded by both C HDL marked increase and C-HDL/TC ratio, and followed (30') by C-LDL slight rise. In the 3 groups of vascular patients a striking NEFA increase (respectively + 50%, + 43%, + 26%) was found; in subjects with PVD/TG blunted drop was observed, whereas in VCD and in CHD TG percentage fall -41 and -44%) did not differ from that one of controls. Evident remarked in control, drop of total cholesterolemia, lacked in the 3 groups of vascular diseases; in patients with VCD and PVD C-HDL and C-HDL/TC ratio increasing profile was like normal, while in CHD both progressive reduction of C-HDL (-19% after 30') and C-HDL/TC ratio with C-LDL increase were appreciated. On the basis of their results the Authors believed that in PVD a striking deficit of total plasma lipoprotein lipase (LPL), already in vitro documented, may occur, whereas LPL resulted normal in VCD and in CHD; on the contrary, in CHD an abnormally cholesterol-apo-VLDL affinity, like metabolic atherogenic derangement, was found; in the 3 groups of vascular diseases slow peripheral cholesterol removal was detectable. PMID- 7138284 TI - [In vitro lymphocyte immunoreactivity in sarcoidosis patients. Stimulation with Kveim antigens]. AB - 12 patients suffering from sarcoidosis have been studied in addition to clinical and bioptic investigations, they were submitted to intradermal reaction with PPD, Candida Albicans and Kveim's antigen. Lymphocytes from the 12 patients were placed in culture and stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), pokeweed mitogen (PWM), concanavalin A (CON-A), PPD, Candidin and Kveim's antigen. Six patients proved positive to Kveim's antigen in vivo, and four of them (66%) in vitro also. No patient was immunodepressed. Of the 6 patients negative to Kveim's antigen both in vivo and in vitro, 4 were clearly immunodepressed, as shown by the reduced mitogen response, the negative response to antigen stimulation, and to the intradermal reaction. The results are discussed in the light of recent findings regarding the role of the immunocompetent system in sarcoidosis. PMID- 7138285 TI - [Chromosome analysis performed in 176 cases of pleural effusions of various types]. AB - Reference is made to the results of a chromosome analysis conducted on pleural liquid sediments in 71 cases of neoplastic effusion and 105 transudative and inflammatory cases. Numeric and morphological karyotype alterations conclusively indicative of the neoplastic origin of the effusion were observed in 79% cases where a tumour was actually present, and in none of the non-neoplastic cases. The diagnostic sensitivity of the examination was compared with that of the Pap-test, which gave positive results in 63% of cases. When both methods were used, diagnosis was possible in 90% of cases. Some suggestions are made for checking with other studies on the possibilities offered by chromosome as a means of prognosis as well as diagnosis. PMID- 7138286 TI - [Behavior of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase during the clinical course of acute myocardial infarct]. AB - The increase in serum Alanine-aminotransferase (SGPT) levels in 104 patients with acute myocardial infarction is studied. The time course of serum enzyme changes shows two peaks of activity: in the first days after infarction and at the end of the second week of the disease. The clinical significance of this finding is discussed. PMID- 7138287 TI - [Postoperative pneumoperitoneum. Incidence, significance, duration]. AB - The phenomenon of post-operative pneumoperitoneum is considered and its formation modalities, incidence, site and duration evaluated. The phenomenon is related to the constitution of the patient and the extent of the operation performed. Differences between post-operative and perforation forms are pointed out. PMID- 7138289 TI - [Critical review of 2 series of Charnley-type total hip prostheses in subjects over and under 50]. AB - The results of two series of Charnley type total hip prostheses carried out in patients above and below the age of 50 have been examined. The over-50s showed better results on the whole and a percentage of general complications comparable to that of the younger patients. The latter also reported a higher frequency of long-term peri-cemental separations. PMID- 7138290 TI - [Echography and guided aspiration needle biopsy in the diagnosis of the surgical patient]. AB - Reference is made to the literature and personal experience for the view that the progress reached in diagnosis with echography combined with oriented needle biopsy makes it possible to accelerate the course of diagnosis to a considerable degree in 90% of surgical cases. PMID- 7138288 TI - [Surgical treatment of calcaneal spurs]. AB - 74 operations for the removal of calcaneal spurs at the "G. Pini" Orthopaedic Clinic in Milan over the post 20 years have been examined. After a brief summary of the main aetiopathogenetic theories, the symptomatological picture and various surgical techniques, and the data on the cases encountered are analysed. A high percentage of failures is reported. It is hoped that all cases of talalgia due to calcaneal spur will initially be given conservative therapy. Only if this fails should surgery be considered. PMID- 7138293 TI - [Nosographic picture of Klippel-Feil syndrome and a description of a clinical case associated with hypoacusis]. PMID- 7138292 TI - [Biliary ileus. Observation of 10 cases]. AB - The Authors, on the basis of ten cases of gallstone-ileus personally observed, examine the clinical diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of this very serious and rare affection. They underline the importance of early diagnosis and surgical treatment in order to reduce the still high mortality rate. PMID- 7138294 TI - Effect of formal sex education on the sexual knowledge and attitudes of Colombian medical students. AB - The effect of a course in human sexuality on the sexual knowledge and attitudes of a fifth-semester class of Colombian medical students is described. The research design was a quasi-experimental one of the nonequivalent control group type, and the research instrument was Lief and Reed's SKAT. In evaluating the results, emphasis was given to the material, rather than statistical, significance of differences found. The attention of sex education researchers is called to the inconvenience of relying on statistical methods for assessing the effects of instruction in human sexuality. On the whole, the cautious conclusion can be made that the course produced a materially and statistically significant increase in the subjects' sexual knowledge, as well as a further liberalization of their sexual attitudes. Implications for evaluation of sex education programs are briefly discussed. PMID- 7138295 TI - Sexual life of women with the Kustner-Rokitansky syndrome. AB - The sexual development and sex life of 12 women with the Kustner-Rokitansky syndrome, in whom the developmental anomaly (vaginal agenesis) was corrected through surgery, were examined through structured interviews and by means of questionnaires. The comparison group was 22 women who had regular menses and a functional sex life. All differences between the groups were statistically nonsignificant. Only in one questionnaire was there a slight trend toward retarded heterosexual development in the patient sample. PMID- 7138291 TI - [Anesthesia and resuscitation in major interventions in gynecologic surgery]. AB - A number of biohumoral parameters have been looked at pre-, intra- and post operatively in patients subjected to radical hysterectomy according to Wertheim, with lymphadenectomy according to Meigs or Valle, in the Obstetric and Gynaecology Clinic of Turin University. Patients' ages were between 26 and 60. On the basis of the premise that during and after every surgical operation metabolic type changes relating to the quality and quantity of organic fluids, serous proteins and electrolytes, haemoglobin, clotting times and bilirubin production are observed, a treatment that enables prophylaxis to be carried out and cuts complications to the minimum is recommended. PMID- 7138296 TI - Parental representations of transsexuals. AB - The parental representations of 30 male-to-female transsexuals were rated using a measure of fundamental parental dimensions and shown to be of acceptable validity as a measure both of perceived and actual parental characteristics. Scores on that measure were compared separately against scores returned by matched male and female controls. The transsexuals did not differ from the male controls in their scoring of their mothers but did score their fathers as less caring and more overprotective. These differences were weaker for the comparisons made against the female controls. Item analyses suggested that the greater paternal "overprotection" experienced by transsexuals was due to their fathers being perceived as offering less encouragement to their sons' independence and autonomy. Several interpretations of the findings are considered. PMID- 7138297 TI - A retrospective study of epidemiological and clinical aspects of 28 transsexual patients. PMID- 7138298 TI - Sexuality in an aged sample: cognitive determinants of masturbation. AB - The examination of sexual activity in old age has typically meant a consideration of sexual intercourse. Masturbation has not received a rigorous investigation with respect to the elderly, despite benefits that may be associated with this form of sexual expression. The present study reports on the relationship of masturbation with locus of control, sexual status, and sexual knowledge as part of a more general but intensive study of an elderly sample. Results indicated that the best predictor of frequency of masturbation was locus of control, while sexual status and sexual knowledge contributed somewhat less to the variance explained in frequency of masturbation. Specifically, the data support the conclusion that internals masturbate more than externals, particularly internals with high sexual knowledge and persons without sexual partners may have a slight tendency to masturbate more often than those with partners. PMID- 7138299 TI - Ninety-nine "tomboys" and "non-tomboys": behavioral contrasts and demographic similarities. AB - Two samples of female children with diverse patterns of sex-typed behaviors are described. Fifty traditionally sex-typed and 49 nontraditionally sex-typed girls are contrasted. Their age range is 4-12 years. They are widely divergent on sex typed preferred toys, gender of peer group, participation in sports, roles taken in playing house, and stated wish to be a boy. Their parents do not differ on age, marital status, religion, or number of children. These descriptions provide the baseline for a forthcoming series of papers describing the development of these divergent patterns of sex-typed behaviors and the association of these early patterns with later psychosexual and psychosocial attributes. PMID- 7138300 TI - Aortic aneurysm: a multifocal disease. Presidential address. AB - A review of 1,510 patients treated for aortic aneurysms at all levels found that 191 (12.6%) had multiple ones. More than half of those with thoracic aneurysms had other lesions, and 12% of those with abdominal aneurysms had thoracic aneurysms. Abdominal lesions were the most common secondary lesions in the former group. Early results of treatment varied with method: 90% survived when both aneurysms were treated at one operation; 84%, when operations were staged; and 80% when operation was limited to symptomatic lesions. Most of the early deaths in the latter two groups were caused by rupture of the second aneurysm. Long-term survival was much better in patients with complete treatment. Aortic aneurysmal disease is multifocal and needs total aortic screening for diagnosis; best results are obtained by complete replacement of all disease. PMID- 7138301 TI - Is carotid endarterectomy beneficial in prevention of recurrent stroke? AB - Of 456 consecutive carotid endarterectomies performed at the University of California, San Diego, 127 were in patients who had sustained a previous completed stroke and had recovered with minimal but permanent neurologic deficits (PNDs). Operative mortality for the entire series was 0.9%, but it was 3.1% for the stroke group. A postoperative PND was observed in 2.1% of patients without neurologic deficits but occurred in 3.9% of the patients after stroke. A 97% one to-ten-year follow-up was obtained. The total early and late serious morbidity and mortality in this surgically treated series of patients after stroke was 24% at five years. We conclude that carotid endarterectomy for the prevention of recurrent stroke carries a high risk and may not be superior to nonoperative treatment. PMID- 7138302 TI - Carotid artery stenosis following endarterectomy. AB - Duplex scanning and spectral analysis were used to detect carotid artery stenosis following 89 endarterectomies in 76 patients with a mean postoperative follow-up interval of 16 months. Operative arteriography was used in all cases to verify the technical result. Spectral changes indicating greater than 50%-diameter internal carotid stenosis were observed postoperatively in 32 of the 89 sides. Serial follow-up of 22 stenotic sides showed persistent stenosis in 12, regression of stenosis in nine, and internal carotid occlusion in one. The estimated overall incidence of persistent high-grade stenosis was 19%. Recurrent neurologic symptoms occurred in eight patients. This incidence of postoperative carotid stenosis is higher than estimates based on clinical criteria. The transient nature of some early postoperative stenosis is consistent with proliferation and regression of myointimal lesions in response to arterial injury. PMID- 7138303 TI - Thoracic outlet compression syndrome. Critique in 1982. AB - Experienced surgeons recommend different approaches and operations for thoracic outlet compression syndrome. I reviewed my recent 76-patients series (55% had excellent results; 35%, good; and 9%, failure), series reported by others, and the results of a national survey of complications of the transaxillary first-rib resection reporting 273 partial or complete postoperatively brachial plexus injuries, 52 of which failed to recover completely. The difficulties with diagnosis, variability of results, and the potential of serious neurologic sequelae suggest reevaluation of indications and techniques of surgical therapy. Operation should be reserved as a last resort. Modern results with scalenectomy (not simple division of the muscle) suggest its use with reservation of first-rib resection for failures. PMID- 7138304 TI - Aspirin and dipyridamole inhibit endothelial healing. AB - Aspirin and dipyridamole have been used to treat the thromboembolic complications of atherosclerosis. We studied the effects of these drugs on the rate of endothelial healing after a standard de-endothelializing injury of the thoracic aorta. Twenty-five rabbits received 13.5 mg/kg/day of aspirin and 15 mg/kg/day of dipyridamole one week before injury and for the period of endothelial regrowth. There were 25 control animals. Mean serum aspirin salicylate levels were 12 micrograms/dL at the time of injury and 15 micrograms/dL at death. Areas of endothelial regrowth were measured by Evans blue dye at 1, 4, 7 and 14 days after injury. The percentage of endothelial regrowth was measured by computer-assisted morphometry. Antiplatelet treatment retarded endothelial regrowth by 66% at four days, 22% at seven days, and 28% at 14 days. Antiplatelet drugs must be used cautiously, as re-endothelialization of injured arteries is retarded. PMID- 7138305 TI - Effect of increased arterial blood flow on localization and progression of atherosclerosis. AB - Unilateral femoral arteriovenous fistulas were constructed in New Zealand white female rabbits that were subsequently placed on a 1% cholesterol diet for two months. Experimental animals were divided into three groups: group 1 (N = 7), the fistula remained patent for two months; group 2 (N = 7), the fistula occluded after the first month of the observation period; and group 3 (N = 6), the fistula closed after the first month, but the rabbits were maintained on the cholesterol diet for a total of three months. In group 1, 59% (+/- 13%) of the surface area of the donor iliac artery had atherosclerotic lesions compared with 18% (+/- 3%) of the contralateral iliac artery. A similar distribution of atherosclerotic lesions was noted in groups 2 and 3. Increasing arterial blood flow did not have a protective effect on the donor artery but seemed to promote atherosclerosis. PMID- 7138306 TI - Natural history of nonstenotic, asymptomatic ulcerative lesions of the carotid artery. A further analysis. AB - The natural history of 153 asymptomatic, nonstenotic ulcerative lesions of the carotid bifurcation in 141 patients was reviewed. A technique for quantitatively defining small (A), large (B), and compound (C) ulcers was developed. During the course of study, extending up to ten years, 3% of patients with A ulcers, 21% with B ulcers, and 19% with C ulcers had hemispheric strokes without antecedent transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), on the side appropriate to the lesion. The interval annual stroke rate was 4.5% for B ulcers and 7.5% for C ulcers. Because these interval stroke rates are comparable to the 6% annual stroke rate occurring in patients with TIAs, a well-accepted indication for operation, we recommend prophylactic operation for these lesions in good surgical candidates, to be performed by surgeons who have demonstrably low operative stroke rates. PMID- 7138307 TI - Antibiotics and colon surgery. PMID- 7138308 TI - [Effects of institutional therapy for children with "intractable asthma" upon the course of the disease after discharge]. PMID- 7138309 TI - [Studies on immunotherapy. II. Changes in blocking antibody titers]. PMID- 7138310 TI - [Measurement of IgG, IgE and IgG subclass antibodies to mite (Dermatophagoides farinae) allergen in patients with atopic dermatitis by using indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay]. PMID- 7138311 TI - [Enhancement of BHK cell proliferation in culture by transfer factor]. PMID- 7138312 TI - Temporary pacemakers in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7138313 TI - Carpal tunnel syndrome as a precursor of polymyalgia rheumatica. PMID- 7138314 TI - Life expectancy and causes of death in a group of head-injured veterans of World War I. AB - The life spans and causes of death were examined for a group of Bavarian veterans of World War I who had suffered head injuries and for comparable control subjects who had not. The occurrence of posttraumatic fits was a significant prognostic factor for a higher death rate after the age of 50 years. Other indicators of the severity of injury did not lead to differences in the death rates. There were significantly more deaths due to cerebrovascular causes in the head-injured group than in the control group, but no subgroup was found to have significantly more cerebrovascular deaths than any other. PMID- 7138315 TI - Epidemiology of hexachlorobenzene-induced porphyria in Turkey: clinical and laboratory follow-up after 25 years. AB - Cutanea tarda and mixed porphyric symptoms resulted from accidental ingestion of hexachlorobenzene (HCB)-treated seed grain in Turkey 25 years ago and involved about 4,000 persons with a 10% mortality. Twenty-five years later, 161 patients, 63 women and 98 men, with histories of HCB exposure as children or young adults were studied. Many patients had persistent abnormal porphyrin metabolism and prominent neurological, dermatologic, and orthopedic symptoms and signs. Thyromegaly was seen in 60% of the women and 27% of the men. The children born to porphyric mothers 25 years ago all died of pembe yara secondary to maternal milk and transplacental transfer of HCB. Current lactation specimens of porphyric patients show high HCB levels, up to 3.12 ppm, but the infant offspring appear normal. PMID- 7138316 TI - Prevalence of essential tremor. Results from the Copiah County study. AB - This investigation determined the prevalence of essential tremor in a US population. The findings were derived from a large-scale morbidity survey conducted in a rural, biracial Mississippi county (Copiah County). Both the household and the institutionalized populations of the county were included. Results were limited to persons 40 years old or older. Prevalence ratios were higher for women than for men and were higher for whites than for blacks. Age specific prevalence ratios generally increased with age. The overall prevalence ratio was 414.6 per 100,000 inhabitants. PMID- 7138317 TI - Changes in collagen metabolism in diseased muscle. II. Immunohistochemical studies. AB - Immunofluorescence studies using specific antibodies against collagen of types I, III, IV, and V were carried out on muscle biopsy specimens from 22 patients with various neuromuscular disorders and seven controls. Increased staining with all antibodies was seen in the patients with polymyositis and muscular dystrophy. Increased staining with types I and III antibodies was found in the samples from the patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in cases with an elevated concentration of muscular hydroxyproline. Two patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis showed no accumulation of collagen, and this was similarly true of the polyneuropathy cases. An accumulation of types IV and V collagen was typical for the myotonia congenita samples. The immunohistochemical results were in good agreement with the biochemical findings from the same patients. PMID- 7138318 TI - Modulation of Purkinje cell firing rates by surface stimulation in the cat. PMID- 7138319 TI - Intraventricular hemorrhage in the full-term neonate. AB - Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) can occur in full-term newborns with a variety of clinical pictures. We studied five full-term infants who suffered IVH in the neonatal period and survived. No apparent cause for hemorrhage could be found in four. All had normal results of neurologic examinations at birth, and four had no major antecedent perinatal or postnatal difficulties. In 19 previously described full-term infants with IVH, no perinatal problems were noted in 45% of those who survived. Although more common in premature infants, IVH can occur in full-term infants and should be suspected when there is a sudden change in the neurologic status. In subsequent examinations, three of our five infants had mild spasticity and two appeared to be normal. The grading system developed for IVH in premature infants, while indicating severity of the hemorrhage, does not predict clinical outcome in full-term infants. A more definitive statement of outcome will require a longer period of observation. PMID- 7138320 TI - Intracranial hemorrhage produced by spontaneous dissecting intracranial aneurysm. AB - Two patients with intracranial dissecting aneurysms were seen initially because of acute hemorrhage. One patient died, and a false dissecting aneurysm secondary to atherosclerosis was found at autopsy. In the other patient, the appearance of the carotid arteriogram was typical of a dissection. Because of the propensity of these aneurysms to rupture, caution is indicated in the use of anticoagulants or vasopressors in patients with evolving cerebral infarction secondary to intracranial arterial dissection. PMID- 7138321 TI - Intracranial dissecting and saccular aneurysms in polycystic kidney disease. AB - A young man with polycystic kidney disease was seen initially with an brain-stem infarction. Postmortem examination disclosed a dissecting aneurysm of the basilar artery and a saccular aneurysm of the right vertebral artery. Dissecting intracranial aneurysms rarely are associated with saccular aneurysms and, to our knowledge, have not been reported in association with polycystic kidney disease. PMID- 7138322 TI - Abnormal computed tomograms in paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis. AB - In a case of paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis (PKC), an abnormality was found in the right hemisphere by computed tomography. It was not possible to define the pathological condition or the extent of the abnormality, and it is not known whether there was involvement of the basal ganglia. Nevertheless, this finding supports the concept that PKC results from an abnormality at the level of the cerebral hemisphere. PMID- 7138323 TI - Upward gaze paralysis as the initial sign of Fisher's syndrome. PMID- 7138325 TI - Clomiphene as an anticonvulsant drug: A case report. PMID- 7138326 TI - Seizures provoked by dressing. PMID- 7138324 TI - Adrenoleukodystrophy: unusual computed tomographic appearance. PMID- 7138327 TI - Truncal ataxia in terminal bronchial carcinoma. PMID- 7138328 TI - Ophthalmoscopic findings in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. I. Fundus findings in asymptomatic family members. AB - A neuro-ophthalmological examination was performed on 47 asymptomatic offspring in the female line and 13 offspring in the male line in families with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Fourteen (61%) of the 23 asymptomatic males and nine (38%) of the 24 asymptomatic females in the female line had telangiectatic microangiopathy of the peripapillary arterioles and capillaries. Increased tortuosity of capillaries, medium-sized arterioles, and venules were also seen in the fundi of several asymptomatic family members. The 13 offsprings in the male line did not have microangiopathy. Nerve fiber abnormalities were not seen in asymptomatic persons. The photographically verified findings are described, classified, and discussed. It is suspected that Leber's disease is primarily a microvascular disorder. The vascular abnormalities detected in the asymptomatic family members probably indicate increased risk of Leber's disease developing. During the prospective follow-up of three years, three asymptomatic boys with microangiopathy have experienced Leber's disease. PMID- 7138329 TI - Visual evoked potential and pupillary signs. A comparison in optic nerve disease. AB - We measured the pupil cycle time, the relative afferent pupillary defect, and the pattern-reversal visual evoked potential (VEP) in 41 patients with unilateral anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) and 24 patients with unilateral optic neuritis. We speculated that the relative afferent pupillary defect would match the VEP amplitude and that the pupil cycle time would correspond to the VEP latency. We found a correlation between the relative afferent pupillary defect and VEP amplitude in patients with AION, but not in patients with optic neuritis. We also found that the pupil cycle time and VEP latency were weakly correlated, but only in patients with optic neuritis. In these two groups of patients with unilateral optic neuropathy, the most sensitive objective indicator of disease was the relative afferent pupillary defect. The least sensitive indicator was the pupil cycle time. PMID- 7138332 TI - Malignant melanoma of the choroid in the nevus of Ota of a black patient. AB - To our knowledge, this report is the first description of an association of a choroidal melanoma in the nevus of Ota in a black patient. While white patients who have the nevus of Ota appear to be predisposed to the development of a malignant melanoma, this complication is rare in all nonwhite racial groups. Nevertheless, it should be realized that regardless of the patient's race, there is a greater than normal chance that a patient with the nevus of Ota might have a malignant melanoma develop within one of the affected tissues. PMID- 7138330 TI - Human ocular mucus. Scanning electron microscopic study. AB - Twenty biopsy specimens of the human conjunctival epithelial surface with its associated mucus from normal subjects and contact lens wearers with biomicroscopic evidence of excess mucus were studied by scanning electron microscopy. Mucus existed in strands, sheets, and granules; each morphologic type of mucus was observed in all samples. No qualitative difference in morphologic features of mucus was found between normal subjects and those with excess mucus. Mucous forms observed by scanning electron microscopy closely resembled structures previously shown by biomicroscopic and light microscopic techniques, providing evidence that careful scanning electron microscopic preparation of biopsy specimens containing mucus may not greatly alter in situ morphologic characteristics of mucus. PMID- 7138331 TI - Variability of static visual threshold responses in patients with elevated IOPs. AB - We determined the static visual thresholds within 15 degrees of fixation of 36 patients with elevated intraocular pressures but normal visual fields and compared the result with 36 controls matched for age and sex. We found no difference in the mean threshold level between the two groups. We did find a tendency for the patients with elevated IOPs to have greater variability or scatter of their threshold responses close to fixation. We also found the patients had larger cup to disc ratios than the controls. PMID- 7138334 TI - Talc retinopathy in primates: a model of ischemic retinopathy. III. An electron microscopic study. AB - Electron microscopic study of experimental talc retinopathy provides an opportunity to study the basic cytologic response of retinal and choroidal vessels to small, relatively inert emboli. Occlusion of the retinal and choroidal capillaries resulted primarily from the cellular reaction to, rather than directly from, the emboli. Mitotic figures in pericytes were observed. Even though we failed to produce retinal neovascularization (as is sometimes seen in human talc retinopathy) in this experimental model, our observations suggest that proliferation of pericytes may be an initial step in the process of retinal neovascularization. PMID- 7138335 TI - The anatomy at the lamina cribrosa in the normal cat eye. AB - In normal cat eyes, the mean cross-sectional area of the nerve fiber bundles is greater in the temporal than in the nasal lamina cribrosa. The area occupied by the interbundle trabeculae is less in the temporal sectors than in the nasal sectors of the nerve. The number and the shape of the laminar pores are similar in all nerve sectors. PMID- 7138333 TI - Talc retinopathy in primates: a model of ischemic retinopathy. II. A histopathologic study. AB - Experiment talc retinopathy was produced in four adult rhesus monkeys by biweekly intravenous injections of talc for 31/2 to ten months and was studied by retinal vascular flat preparations and by light microscopy. Talc particles were lodged in the walls of the precapillary arterioles and capillaries, producing focal occlusion of retinal and choroidal capillaries. The pericyte-endothelial cell ratio was 1:0.77 in the posterior pole and 1:0.53 in the retinal periphery. The horseradish peroxidase study showed leakage of tracer from the retinal vasculature into the extracellular interstitial space, but the barrier of the retinal pigment epithelium was intact. Microinfarcts produced small cystoid spaces in the outer plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer, and ganglion cell layer of the macula. Cytoid bodies and macrophages were scattered in the retina. No retinal or vitreal neovascularization was observed. PMID- 7138336 TI - Axonal transport interruption and anatomy at the lamina cribrosa. AB - Pressure-induced, focal axonal transport abnormalities were studied in 14 cat eyes by the examination of serial step-section tissue radioautogram. Although the patterns of the transport interruption at the lamina cribrosa varied from eye to eye, the temporal sectors of the nerve head were most often involved by this abnormality. The anatomy at the lamina cribrosa was studied in adjacent (6 micrometers) cross-sectional specimens. The thickness of the extra-bundle trabeculae and the nerve fiber bundle dimensions including the cross-sectional area and the number and the shape (the ratio of the major and the minor axis diameters) of the laminar pores were measured by computer-assisted perimeter analysis. There was no correlation between the location of the transport interruption and any of these anatomic measurements. PMID- 7138337 TI - Histologic studies of angle structures after laser iridotomy in primates. AB - Each of nine eyes of five cynomolgus monkeys had argon laser peripheral iridotomies performed to investigate the histologic effects on the trabecular meshwork. The laser technique was the same as is used in human eyes. With laser iridotomy, particulate debris was released into the anterior chamber and rapidly accumulated in the angle. The densest initial deposit was in the inferior juxtacanalicular trabecular meshwork. Histologically, pigment was located both extracellularly and within giant vacuoles of the endothelium and Schlemm's canal and intracellularly within trabecular endothelial cells. This finding indicates that this pigment is removed from the anterior chamber both by bulk aqueous flow and by phagocytosis. One year after iridotomy, only a slightly increased pigmentation of the angle was still present. No permanent ultrastructural damage to the angle was detected. PMID- 7138340 TI - A review of the Sonometrics DBR unit and the Binkhorst formula. PMID- 7138338 TI - Actin filaments. PMID- 7138339 TI - New glare tester. PMID- 7138341 TI - Chronic orbital myositis. PMID- 7138342 TI - Acquired inflammatory superior oblique tendon sheath syndrome. A clinicopathologic study. AB - To our knowledge, this is the first reported clinicopathologic study of a patient with acquired inflammatory Brown's syndrome. The superior oblique tendon, trochlea, and anterior superior oblique muscle were surgically removed en bloc and studied by light microscopy. Surprisingly, the entire specimen was normal, without signs of inflammation or intrasheath scarring. The only abnormal finding was found during surgery, which consisted of perisheath adhesions anterior to the trochlea. These findings indicate that the cause of acquired inflammatory Brown's syndrome may, in many cases, be from scarring around the tendon sheath rather than an intrasheath pathologic condition, as proposed by recent literature. PMID- 7138343 TI - Study of intranasal ostium external dacryocystorhinostomy. AB - A rigid endoscope was used to directly examine, measure, and photograph the intranasal ostium created by an external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR). This technique was used to examine 19 patients who underwent 22 standard external DCRs. All patients had clinically successful results, documented by a positive Jone I dye test following surgery. The dimension of the bony opening created at surgery was measured and averaged 11.84 mm in diameter. The average diameter of the healed intranasal ostium was only 1.80 mm. No statistically valid correlation between the size of the bony opening and the final size of the healed intranasal ostium could be established. Thus, a large surgical anastomosis did not necessarily result in a large healed intranasal ostium. Excellent functional results were obtained even when the intranasal ostium was quite small. Other indications for the use of this technique are discussed. PMID- 7138344 TI - Congenital dacryocystocele. AB - Four cases of congenital lacrimal sac distention were managed in an initially conservative manner to further elucidate the natural history of the condition and to formulate a more systematic approach to its treatment. In three cases, the abnormality resolved without nasolacrimal duct probing, with no adverse sequelae. In one case, dacryocystitis caused by Serratia marcescens, corneal astigmatism, and severe canthal distortion prompted surgical intervention. The management of individual cases of dacryocystocele should be influenced by the presence of inflammation, the virulence of any infecting organisms, the induction of astigmatism and anisometropia, and the degree of canthal distortion. Dacryocystocele appears to be a more specific term for lacrimal sac distention than either amniotocele or mucocele, and is not restricted to only one source of its fluid contents. PMID- 7138345 TI - Ocular toxicity associated with high-dose carmustine. AB - The ocular side effects of carmustine (a nitrosurea) are not well established. Evidence of delayed bilateral ocular toxicity developed in two of 50 patients treated with high dose intravenous (IV) carmustine (800 mg/sq m) with autologous bone marrow rescue. Symptoms or signs of ocular toxicity became apparent four weeks following IV treatment. Evidence of delayed ocular toxicity ipsilateral to the side of the infusion developed in seven of ten patients treated with intra arterial carotid doses of carmustine to a cumulative minimum of 450 mg/sq m in two treatments. The ocular toxicity began two to 14 weeks (mean, six weeks) following intra-arterial treatment. In three of these patients, the visual loss progressed over one week to no light perception. The funduscopic manifestations of both groups included arterial narrowing, nerve fiber-layer infarcts, and intraretinal hemorrhages. Fluorescein angiography demonstrated segmental perivascular staining, wide-spread late capillary leakage, and optic disc hyperfluorescence. One patient had light and microscopic confirmation of cilioretinal artery occlusion and choroidal fibrin thrombi. PMID- 7138347 TI - Visual field changes in cone-rod degenerations. AB - The visual field test results from 20 patients with con-rod degeneration (CRD) from all inheritance patterns were reviewed. Typical fundus findings of CRD included optic disc pseudoedema, temporal disc atrophy, parapapillary and disc telangiectasis, and few to no retinal pigmentary deposits. Visual field changes were seen to be distinctive and, like electrophysiologic tests, were helpful in pointing to a retinal degenerative process rather than an optic neuropathy. PMID- 7138346 TI - Functional ability profiles for driver licensing. Exemplification by visual profile. AB - The impaired driver is evaluated for driver licensing according to a functional ability profile. This test correlates, in increments, the physical or medical ability of the driver with the risk categories and the vehicles the driver is permitted to operate. The person is responsible for his fitness to drive. The physician may help in patient evaluation by participation in a medical advisory board or in public education. Guidelines for 11 areas of potential driving impairments were developed in the state of Utah. These principles are illustrated with visual standards. PMID- 7138348 TI - Corneal keloid in Lowe's syndrome. AB - Bilateral corneal keloids in a boy wih Lowe's syndrome were examined by conventional light and electron microscopy. There were no signs of perforating corneal trauma or iridocorneal incarceration in either eye. The corneal keloids consisted of haphazardly arranged bundles of collagen fibers, fibroblasts, and fenestrated blood vessels. The anterior region of the keloids showed signs of active progression and epithelial epidermalization. The etiology of keloids in Lowe's syndrome remains obscure. Considerations include excessive local delivery of amino acids and unknown noxious substances through the leak corneal vessels, seepage of similar substances across the defective blood-aqueous barrier and the decompensated endothelium, repeated external trauma with associated inflammation, phenytoin (Dilantin) therapy, and congenital predisposition. No data are available on the management of the progressive course of corneal keloids. Possible empirical regimens include local excision, pressure therapy, topical corticosteroids, and cromolyn sodium. PMID- 7138350 TI - Intraocular penetration of amikacin. Iris binding and bioavailability. AB - The penetration of amikacin sulfate into the anterior chamber of the human eye was determined by radioimmunoassay. Bactericidal concentrations of amikacin were not achieved by topical or intravenous administration. Subconjunctival injection did not produce consistent bactericidal concentration of amikacin in aqueous humor. Poor corneal penetration and subsequent tight binding to iris pigment are responsible for these observations. Tissue or pigment binding is adsorptive, nonspecific, and readily reversible. Amikacin released after being bound retains its bactericidal potency. PMID- 7138351 TI - Immunosuppression and selective inflammatory cell depletion. Studies on a guinea pig model of corneal ulceration after ocular alkali burning. AB - Total ocular-surface alkali burning was performed on guinea pigs to study the effects of generalized immunosuppression and selective inflammatory cell line modifications on corneal ulceration. Central stromal corneal ulceration developed in 86% (18/21) of control eyes three to seven days after alkali burning, whereas ulcers developed in only 16% (3/19) of the eyes of guinea pigs immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide. Neutrophils, the preponderant inflammatory cells in ulcerating corneas, were conspicuously absent from the nonulcerating corneas. Selective neutrophil suppression by intravenous administration of a highly specific anti-guinea pig neutrophil serum also suppressed the development of corneal ulcerations in this model; in only 25% of the eyes so treated did ulcers develop after alkali burning. T lymphocyte or monocyte modifications with similar monospecific antisera had no effects on the rate of corneal ulceration. Neutrophil depletion after the onset of ulceration halted progression of the corneal ulcer. PMID- 7138349 TI - Experimental retinal detachment. III. Vitreous fluorophotometry. AB - Fluorophotometry was used to study the disappearance of fluorescein injected into the vitreous in monkeys with stable rhegmatogenous retinal detachments. The clearance of fluorescein from the vitreous was twice as rapid in detached eyes compared with the fellow eyes. Fluorescein disappeared from the anterior chamber at a rate accounting for only 4% to 5% of the rate of vitreous fluorescein disappearance. The increased rate of fluorescein disappearance in eyes with detachment supports the theory that a posteriorly directed flow of fluid through the retinal hole exists in eyes with detachment. PMID- 7138353 TI - Retinoid permeability and uptake in corneas of normal and vitamin A-deficient rabbits. AB - In vitro perfusion of corneas of normal and vitamin A-deficient rabbits provided a model in which to study the pharmacokinetics of corneal permeability and uptake of retinoic acid and retinol. The permeability coefficients of retinoic acid and retinol were 1.49 x 10(-5) and 0.61 x 10(-5) cm/s, respectively. Removal of the corneal epithelium did not affect the permeability of these lipid-soluble retinoids; however, diffusion through xerophthalmic, vitamin A-deficient corneas was significantly reduced. The corneal uptake of retinoic acid and retinol was reduced by 50% on removal of the epithelium, was nonspecific, and was not affected by xerophthalmia. High-performance liquid chromatography indicated that these retinoids were not metabolized during diffusion through the cornea. These results show that topical application of retinoids is a rational approach to the treatment of such corneal diseases as xerophthalmia and epithelial defects. PMID- 7138352 TI - Fluorescein appearance time curves. Continuous recordings of iris and anterior chamber dye flow contours. AB - Fluorescein appearance time (FAT) curves were recorded at 5-s intervals from the feline iris and anterior chamber using a modified video-frame store unit. Anterior chamber washout slopes were also recorded following intracameral injection. The iris FAT interval following intravenous injection was maximally 5 s. Passage of the dye bolus then appeared during the next 10 s, followed by a rapid (100-s) rise to maximum levels. In contrast to the iris, anterior chamber FAT curves recorded from the pupillary space showed an approximate two-minute delay after injection (mean = 1.92 +/- 0.360 minutes), followed by a gradual (20 minute) rise to maximum recordable levels. The mean anterior chamber washout rate following intracameral injection of 10(-6) g/mL of dye levels was 2.323% +/- 0.810%/min. There are potential applications of the method and a need for shorter recording intervals. PMID- 7138354 TI - Evaluation of superoxide dismutase (orgotein) in medical treatment of canine cataract. AB - Orgotein (Palosein) is a veterinary product with marked superoxide dismutase activity that has been used intracamerally to treat senile cataracts in the dog. Fourteen old dogs with bilateral senile cataracts were injected twice in one eye with orgotein and twice in the other eye with isotonic saline under masked conditions. Observations were made over an average of a 12-week period. No clearing of lenses could be detected and there was no observed subjective improvement in the dogs' visual behavior. PMID- 7138355 TI - Postcataract extraction ischemic optic neuropathy. PMID- 7138356 TI - Mathematical approaches to refractive examination. PMID- 7138357 TI - Longer follow-up periods for treatment of uveal melanoma. PMID- 7138358 TI - Skull base surgery in composite resection. AB - We extended the limits of standard jaw and neck dissection in large tumors of the oropharynx with extension to the soft and hard palate. Resection of the primary tumor with adequate margins and the lymphatics of the infratemporal fossa is required for tumor control in these extensive lesions. Splitting the lip in the midline and developing a large cervicofacial flap gives an excellent exposure to the region. The resection includes the hemimandible and the soft tissues of the intratemporal fossa. The internal carotid artery is followed to the skull base and all structures medial to this vessel, including the cartilaginous portion of the eustachian tube and the external carotid, are included in the en bloc specimen. The resection of the posterior maxilla, pterygoid plate, and palate may vary according to tumor size. The surgical defect is usually reconstructed with a pectoralis myocutaneous flap. PMID- 7138359 TI - Greater omentum used for carotid cover after pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy and gastric 'pull-up' or colonic 'swing'. AB - An excellent method of rehabilitation for swallowing after total pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy is the reconstruction of the pharyngoesophagus with an autogenous visceral transplant. The most popular and reliable methods are the gastric "pull-up" and colonic "swing." A complication of this procedure--which can result in morbidity as well as mortality--is carotid artery rupture, especially when a neck dissection is performed. This is usually the result of wound breakdown secondary to adjunctive use of radiotherapy. When we have performed a radical neck dissection in conjunction with a visceral transplantation, we have used pedicled omentum as a live, durable cover for the carotid artery. ? PMID- 7138360 TI - Computed tomographic assessment of squamous cell carcinoma of oral and pharyngeal cavities. AB - Computed tomographic (CT) scans were prospectively obtained on 68 patients with previously untreated stages III and IV squamous cell carcinoma of the oral and pharyngeal cavity. We report herein the results of CT evaluation of primary disease arising in these sites, improvements in contrast-enhancement techniques, and CT assessment of the patient's condition after radiation or chemotherapy treatment. PMID- 7138361 TI - Computed tomography in the diagnosis of deep-neck infections. AB - Computed tomography (CT) of the neck was used to identify deep-neck abscess formation. Twenty-two patients were screened by CT for deep-neck abscesses. Each patient suspected of having a deep-neck infection underwent CT, often with enhancement if the differential diagnosis included the possibility of a tumor or vascular lesion. Six cases were identified, and these patients were taken to surgery for incision and drainage. There were no false-positives or false negatives in the series. In all six cases of abscesses, the CT scan accurately identified the anatomical location of the abscess, allowing a more accurate planning of the surgical approach. The selective use of CT when deep-neck infections are suspected seems to produce an accurate diagnosis of the presence of an abscess, its location, and the involvement of important surrounding structures. PMID- 7138362 TI - Staging of supraglottic cancer. AB - In 1977, The American Joint Committee for Cancer Staging and End-Results Reporting (AJC) revised its 1972 staging system for supraglottic cancer of the larynx. These changes included the following: (1) reclassifying T1b carcinomas as T2 carcinomas, (2) reclassifying extension onto the medial wall of the piriform sinus or postcricoid mucosa as T3 carcinomas rather than T4 carcinomas, (3) restructuring of the N classification, and (4) changing the classification of T4 NO carcinomas from stage III to stage IV. To correlate these changes with prognosis, the cases of 178 patients with supraglottic laryngeal cancer who were treated at the University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, from 1955 to 1976 were reviewed. Each case was classified using both the 1972 and 1977 AJC TNM system. Using the 1972 staging system, the following determinations were made regarding our patient population: stage I, 43 patients; stage II, 15 patients; stage III, 116 patients; and stage IV, four patients. Using the 1977 cancer staging system, the following determinations were made: stage I, 19 patients; stage II, 37 patients; stage III, 37 patients. six specific changes in the TNM classification system seem to be justified. However, the upstaging of T4 NO supraglottic cancers from stage III to stage IV seems to be unjustified; T4 NO cancers should be returned to the state III grouping. PMID- 7138364 TI - Salivary gland cancers, surgery, and irradiation therapy. PMID- 7138363 TI - Innovative regional therapy for head and neck cancer. AB - A totally implantable infusion pump (infusaid) has been developed to achieve continuous drug delivery for long periods of time. The recent availability of a dual-catheter totally implantable infusion pump permits the infusion of both external carotid arteries simultaneously. This has obvious advantages for the treatment of extensive tumors of the head and neck that extend across the midline. Likewise, for the first time, unilateral local-regional disease that extends inferiorly beyond the nutrient field of the external carotid artery may be treated with intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy without the need to infuse the common carotid or innominate arteries. Unilateral infusion of the entire head and neck is accomplished by using the dual-catheter pump to infuse both the thyrocervical trunk and the external carotid artery. PMID- 7138365 TI - The superiority of combined therapy (surgery and postoperative irradiation) in parotid cancer. AB - A retrospective evaluation was done on 120 patients treated for parotid cancer. The aim of the study was to establish the role of postoperative radiation therapy. Fifty-nine patients were treated by surgery plus postoperative radiation therapy. Two patients were treated by preoperative irradiation. The overall 5-, 10-, and 15-year survival rates were 81%, 62%, and 65%, respectively. Postoperative radiation therapy proved to increase local control over surgery alone whenever (1) there was locally advanced disease, (2) the tumor belonged to a so-called poorly differentiated variety, (3) the treatment was given for a recurrent lesion, and/or (4) there was tumor involvement of the facial nerve. It did not appear that postoperative radiation therapy increased the survival for patients with low-grade malignant tumors. Radiation therapy should be given as early as possible after surgery and the optimum dose ranges from 3,000 to 5,000 rad given in three to five weeks, respectively. PMID- 7138366 TI - Clinical effects of closed suction drainage on wound healing in patients with head and neck cancer. AB - This study was undertaken to determine what optimal levels of suction pressure were necessary to provide good drainage volume and obliteration of any dead space and also to determine the prevalence of clotting and complications secondary to various levels of suction pressure. The patients were grouped by their degree of nutritional depletion, prior radiation exposure, the types of surgical procedures undergone, and the results of tests using four levels of suction pressure. Three of the suction pressure values were obtained with a wall suction and one was obtained using a portable closed system. All wall suction pressure levels were certainly comparable with the portable unit. However, the portable unit provided continuous suction pressure when the patients were ambulatory and was not associated with any statistically significant increase in wound complications or equipment failure. PMID- 7138367 TI - Acquired subglottic stenosis following prolonged endotracheal intubation. A canine model. AB - We developed a canine animal model of subglottic stenosis following prolonged intubation with modified non-cuffed endotracheal tubes. None of the puppies intubated for seven days had an irreversible stenosing subglottic lesion, whereas all animals intubated for 14 days or more had at least a 40% to 50% reduction of the subglottic lumen secondary to maturing fibrotic stenosis. The model described is more congruent with the known and suspected pathogenesis in those infants and children who require prolonged endotracheal intubation and subsequently acquire subglottic stenosis, and can be used in evaluating the efficacy of medical therapy or surgical therapy, or both, in the prevention or management of this disease. PMID- 7138368 TI - Midforehead incisions in treatment of the aging face. AB - The concept of total facial rejuvenation requires attention to all areas of the face, including the upper third. Recently there has been a resurgence of interest in this area of the aging face. Various clinical conditions may be seen as a single entity or in combination with others, and it is important for the facial aesthetic surgeon to diagnose and treat these conditions. The conditions first observed, diagnosis, and conventional surgical remedies are reviewed in an attempt to clarify the rationale for forehead lift v temple lift v browpexy v upper blepharoplasty. Midforehead glabellaplasty (vertical and longitudinal), browpexy, and rhytidectomy are analyzed in depth, as well as the indications, contraindications, technique, and results. PMID- 7138369 TI - Surgical treatment of patulous eustachian tube. AB - Thirteen patients (16 ears) with patulous eustachian tubes were treated with pterygoid hamulotomy combined with transposition (eight ears) or transection (eight ears) of the tendon of the tensor veli palatini muscle. Tubal function was tested preoperatively and postoperatively by sonotubometry. Prior to surgery, only one ear showed normal tubal function on swallowing at the time of the test. The follow-up period ranged from two months to five years. Nine ears yielded normal sonotubometric results during the average follow-up time of two years, while two tubes opened on swallowing, remained open for some time, and closed little by little. The remaining five tubes stayed continuously open as before surgery, and tubal symptoms were unaltered. Transection operation had been performed on two of these ears and transposition on three. The transposition or transection procedure can be used as a routine procedure for correction of patulous tubes. Good results can be expected in about 70% of cases. PMID- 7138370 TI - The globus symptom. Incidence, therapeutic response, and age and sex relationships. AB - The globus symptom was found to be the seventh most common initial complaint (4.1%) among 4,330 consecutive first-visit patients to a general otolaryngology clinic. Globus is a well-defined clinical symptom that is persistent, difficult to treat, and has a tendency to recur. The incidence is fairly constant among men. Relative to men, women are affected three times more commonly at 50 years of age and below and with equal frequency above 50 years. No seasonal variation in incidence was noted and men and women responded similarly to treatment. The incidence of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms in our patients with globus was 38% v 36% in the general population. Treatment response of the globus symptom was unrelated to treatment response of reflux symptoms even with antireflux therapy. We conclude there is no etiologic relationship between the globus symptom and gastroesophageal reflux. PMID- 7138371 TI - Congenital sublingual dermoid cyst. AB - Oral cavity dermoids account for less than a quarter of those dermoids occurring within the head and neck region and about 1.6% of all dermoids. The anterior floor of the mouth is the most common site within the oral cavity, but overall, it is uncommon. Most lesions are seen in young adults; congenital sublingual dermoids occurring in infancy are thus rare. Included in this report are the background literature, including definition and classification of these cysts, and the clinical characteristics of such lesions. PMID- 7138372 TI - Frontal sinus ablation. PMID- 7138374 TI - Pathologic quiz case 1: papillary adenocarcinoma in a thyroglossal duct cyst. PMID- 7138373 TI - Pain threshold. PMID- 7138375 TI - Pathologic quiz case 2: noninvasive aspergillosis of the maxillary sinus (fungus ball). PMID- 7138376 TI - [Odontogenic diseases of the maxillary sinus]. PMID- 7138377 TI - Ultrasonic and endocrinological aspects of first trimester miscarriage. PMID- 7138378 TI - The development of a fetoscope and its clinical application. PMID- 7138379 TI - A study on blood levels of oxytocin and neurophysins during labor and lactation. PMID- 7138380 TI - Antenatal detection of placental pathology by ultrasound. PMID- 7138383 TI - Antenatal care, obstetric and neonatal outcome of teenage pregnancies. PMID- 7138381 TI - Five years experiences with endometrial biopsy in infertile patients. PMID- 7138382 TI - A true hermaphrodite presenting in adult life. PMID- 7138384 TI - Analysis of androgen-and progestin receptors in human endometrial carcinomas. PMID- 7138385 TI - Steroid binding macromolecules in ovaries and parovarian cysts in human subjects. PMID- 7138386 TI - Materno-fetal biochemical, circulatory and pathological changes following experimentally-induced uremia in the pregnant dog. PMID- 7138388 TI - Transporting the critically ill patient. PMID- 7138387 TI - Adolescent health and the GP. PMID- 7138389 TI - Paediatric emergencies: recognition, resuscitation and referral of the severely ill child. PMID- 7138390 TI - Ectopic pregnancy. PMID- 7138391 TI - Psychiatric emergencies. PMID- 7138393 TI - Cautionary tales from general practice. The kernel of the tragedy. PMID- 7138394 TI - Acute paraphimosis in infants and adults. PMID- 7138392 TI - Hazards associated with abrupt drug withdrawal. PMID- 7138396 TI - Patient and doctor evaluation of AMHT at the Shepherd Foundation. PMID- 7138395 TI - Aphthous ulcers. PMID- 7138397 TI - Returning to school after burn injuries. PMID- 7138398 TI - The general practitioner and child abuse. PMID- 7138399 TI - Child abuse. A practical guide for general practitioners. PMID- 7138400 TI - Misuses of diuretics. PMID- 7138402 TI - Diuretics old and new. PMID- 7138401 TI - Interpretation of renal function tests. PMID- 7138403 TI - The use of diuretics in hypertension. PMID- 7138404 TI - 'The fractured clavicle'. PMID- 7138405 TI - Diuretics in cardiac failure. PMID- 7138406 TI - An unusual presentation of a common disorder. Infectious mononucleosis. PMID- 7138408 TI - Neonatal circumcision. Practical procedures. PMID- 7138407 TI - Psychiatric illness in general practice. I: Why is it missed? PMID- 7138409 TI - Vitamin use and misuse. PMID- 7138410 TI - "Neuritis dominans". PMID- 7138411 TI - An approach to family planning for Indochinese refugee women. PMID- 7138412 TI - Effect of DNA-binding drugs on the activity of DNA methylase from Ehrlich's ascites tumour cells. AB - DNA methylase from Ehrlich's ascites tumour cells preferentially methylates DNA with high GC content. The methylase activity was not affected by the presence of the oligonucleotides, dCdG or dCdCdGdG, which are known to be part of the methyl acceptor sequence for mammalian DNA methylase. DNA from 5-azacytidine-treated ascites cells was a good methyl acceptor. Actinomycin D, ethydium bromide and quinacrine inhibited the methylase activity. Distamycin A also inhibited the methylation of DNA from 5-azacytidine-treated ascites cells, but did not inhibit the methylation of (dG,dC)n. The inhibitory effect of all these drugs was overcome by increasing the DNA concentration. Non-competitive type inhibition in regard to S-adenosylmethionine was observed with all the DNA-binding drugs. PMID- 7138413 TI - Partial characterization of haemolytic lipids from peroxidized rat liver microsomes. AB - Toxic substances are generated by microsomes undergoing NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation. In the present experiments the nature of the haemolytic material extracted from peroxidized microsomes is further examined. Suspensions of peroxidized rat liver microsomes were extracted with lipid solvents and the haemolytic material obtained subjected to gel exclusion chromatography. The haemolytic activity eluted as a single broad peak with an average size of 720 daltons. There was no evidence of haemolytic compounds less than 500 daltons. On a silicic acid column the activity eluted with the phospholipid. In both separations the presence of haemolytic activity correlated well with the peroxide content. PMID- 7138414 TI - Lupinosis: response of sheep to different doses of phomopsin. AB - Phomopsin, the mycotoxin produced by Phomopsis leptostromiformis, was found to have a very high toxicity for sheep. When administered as a single, subcutaneous injection over the dose range 1 X 25 to 98 microgram/kg body weight, all sheep given 37 X 5 microgram/kg or more died. Some, though not all, died following lower doses, the minimum lethal dose being 10 microgram/kg. The time course of hepatic response over 21 days after phomopsin administration was followed by plasma biochemical analyses including those for some enzymes (glutamate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase), total bilirubin and the determination of bromosulphophthalein clearance rates. Hepatobiliary impairment was apparent after all dosages of 2.5 microgram/kg and above while 1.25 microgram/kg approximated the 'no effect' level. PMID- 7138415 TI - The hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system of native Australian desert rodents. The vasopressin and oxytocin contents of hypothalamus and posterior pituitary of Notomys alexis and Pseudomys australis compared with those of the laboratory rat and mouse in different states of water balance. AB - The neurohypophysial hormones vasopressin (the antidiuretic hormone) and oxytocin have been quantified in xerophilic and mesophilic rodents under normal and dehydrated conditions in order to study the relative contribution of these hormones to survival under drought conditions. The ability to cope adequately with water deprivation or saline ingestion was found to be closely related to the magnitude (relative to body size) of pre-existing hormone stores in the neural lobe and to the subsequent ability to enhance hypothalamic biosynthesis of vasopressin and oxytocin sufficiently to maintain those stores at near-normal levels despite a continuing high level of demand for vasopressin and, apparently, also oxytocin. The possible role(s) of the release of oxytocin in these conditions is discussed. Attempts have been made to explain differences observed between laboratory-bred Notomys and those taken from the wild in their relative abilities to withstand water deprivation, the former seeming to be more dependent upon acutely accelerated hormone biosynthesis than on previous adaptation via renal medullary 'work-load' hypertrophy. PMID- 7138418 TI - Multiple infections with Nematospiroides dubius in mice selected for liability to a single infection. AB - The faecal egg counts and worm burdens of mice selected over 7 generations as refractory (R), random (Rd) or liable (L) to primary infection with Nematospiroides dubius were significantly different, but the antibody titres (generation 8 mice) after 21 days infection were similar, demonstrating that selection had separated populations of mice which differed in their innate immunity. Variations in adaptive immunity were also shown between the three colonies in terms of protection after challenge infections, self-cure reactions, humoral antibody titres and ability of immune serum from R, Rd and L donors to passively protect recipient Quackenbush (Q) strain mice. R mice were more refractory to primary infection and more proficient in acquiring protective levels of adaptive immunity than L colony mice. Correlation of the faecal parasite egg count after primary with that after secondary infection supported the conclusion that the genetic control of liability to primary infection and of the adaptive immune response following challenge infections were at least partially linked. PMID- 7138416 TI - The hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system of native Australian desert rodents. The catecholamine contents of the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary of Notomys alexis, Pseudomys australis and the laboratory rat. AB - The putative central catecholamine neurotransmitters, adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine, have been quantified by enzyme radiochemical methods in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system (HNS) of the xeric rodents, Notomys alexis and Pseudomys australis, using the laboratory rat for comparison. All three catecholamines were found (noradrenaline greater than dopamine greater than adrenaline) in the hypothalami of the three species. The hypothalami of the two xeric rodents contained some 5-10 times as much of each of the catecholamines (when expressed as ng per body weight) as the rat. The ratio of noradrenaline to dopamine was constant (3 X 8-4 X 2) between species. Posterior pituitary contents of the catecholamines were generally inconsistent within and between species, with only dopamine being invariably and consistently present. It was also found that, like the antidiuretic hormone content, the dopamine content of the neural lobe was significantly correlated with the body surface area of the animal. Withdrawal of drinking water or its replacement with 2 X 5% saline increased hypothalamic noradrenaline synthesis and dopamine utilisation. In the neural lobe, saline ingestion produced a significant increase in all three catecholamines, but with water deprivation only dopamine was increased (relative to body weight). The results of these studies are interpreted as indicating a possible role for catecholamine neurotransmitters, particularly dopamine, in the control of neurohypophysial hormone release in the HNS. PMID- 7138417 TI - Improved toxin/antitoxin assays for studies on the Australian paralysis tick Ixodes holocyclus. AB - Sensitive biological assays of toxin/antitoxin potency have been developed to assist in research on characterization of salivary toxins of the Australian paralysis tick Ixodes holocyclus and on immunity to tick paralysis. The toxin assay utilizes suckling mice (4-5 g); a quantitative paralysis index is applied over a range of doses. The antitoxin assay is based on an in vitro/in vivo neutralization test which required a sensitive toxin assay and methods of standardization of toxin preparations. This assay permits the monitoring of blood antibody levels in animals during the course of development and loss of immunity and is assisting a study into the feasibility of producing an anti-paralysis vaccine. The method also allows standardization of commercial tick paralysis antiserum. The methods and applications are described and comparisons made with previous assays. Sample data are examined statistically by regression and variance analyses; parallelism of dosage-response lines is tested and relative toxicities (toxin) or potencies (antiserum) calculated. PMID- 7138419 TI - Multiple site readings from a transcutaneous bilirubinometer. PMID- 7138420 TI - Attitudes to the fetus among primigravidae. PMID- 7138421 TI - Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7138422 TI - Role of gallium-67 in management of paediatric solid tumours. PMID- 7138423 TI - Resolution of inspiratory stridor after fundoplication: case report. PMID- 7138425 TI - Direct inguinal hernia and giant omphalocele: case report. PMID- 7138427 TI - Recent perinatal mortality trends. A research note and warning about the use of published statistical information. PMID- 7138426 TI - Predicting the course of asthma in children. PMID- 7138424 TI - Diamond-Blackfan syndrome in father and son. PMID- 7138428 TI - Convulsions following birth asphyxia/birth trauma--are long-term anticonvulsants necessary? PMID- 7138429 TI - The use of a defined formula diet in infants with a "sick gut". PMID- 7138430 TI - Postnatal mortality, bodyweight gain and wool production to two years of age of lambs surviving caesarean or stressful vaginal birth. PMID- 7138432 TI - Effects of a preventive and suppressive control scheme on the development of thiabendazole-resistance in Ostertagia spp. AB - Three years after the start of an experiment to assess the merits of thiabendazole (TBZ) treatment of trichostrongylid parasites in weaner sheep, field isolates of Ostertagia spp and Trichostrongylus spp were made from weaner sheep treated under one of three treatment schemes. Treatment frequencies were "nil", "planned" (5 or 6/year) and "regular" (every 3 weeks). In addition an isolate was taken from a group of "tracer" sheep drenched with TBZ every 10 days. Resistance to TBZ was assessed using an in vitro egg hatch assay, pre- and post treatment faecal egg counts and a controlled anthelmintic efficiency test. Pre- and post-treatment egg counts revealed the presence of TBZ-resistance in field isolates of mixed species. Egg hatch assays indicated a level of resistance for Ostertagia spp which was proportional to the frequency of TBZ treatment. The "planned", "regular" and "tracer" strains of Ostertagia spp had resistance ratios for eggs of 4, 13 and 15 respectively when compared to the "nil" strain. In the anthelmintic efficiency assay treatment with 44 mg kg-1 and 88 mg kg-1 of TBZ removed 82 and 96% respectively of the total Ostertagia burden (adults and larvae) from the "nil" strain and 30 and 75% respectively from the "planned" strain. The same dose rates against the "regular" and "tracer" strains and additional rates of 132 or 176 mg kg-1 against the "tracer" strain failed to reduce the Ostertagia burden significantly. Intestinal Trichostrongylus spp from all isolates were fully susceptible to TBZ at 44 mg kg-1. Levamisole at 7.0 mg kg 1 was highly effective (99% reduction) against the "tracer" strain of Ostertagia. PMID- 7138431 TI - White liver disease of sheep. AB - Outbreaks of ovine white liver disease (WLD) on 7 farms in eastern Victoria were investigated. Most occurred in late spring and mainly affected lambs 3 to 6 months old, with a morbidity of 20 to 100% and mortality of 8 to 15%. Clinically affected lambs showed illthrift, emaciation and bilateral, serous, ocular discharge. Clinical pathology showed mild anaemia, elevated serum liver enzymes (GGT, OCT, AST) and low levels of serum vitamin B12. Grossly, the livers were pale, fatty and friable; microscopically there was parenchymal fatty change, bile duct proliferation and ceroid pigmentation. Liver cobalt values were consistently low (mean 0.4 +/- 0.4 mumol/kg D.W.). Levels of cobalt in pasture from 2 properties were very low (0.34 mumol/kg D.W.) The diagnosis of white liver disease was made on the basis of clinical features, specific liver pathology and low cobalt status. Treatment trials established that cobalt injections or oral bullet administration resulted in clinical improvement, significant weight gains, and improved serum vitamin B12 levels. WLD did not recur in previously affected sheep using these treatments. However, when blocks containing cobalt were available continuously, WLD recurred 2 years after the initial outbreak. PMID- 7138433 TI - The effect of dehorning Brahman crossbred animals of four age groups on subsequent bodyweight gain. AB - The effect of dehorning Brahman crossbred cattle of four age groups on their subsequent bodyweight performance was monitored in 4 drafts of cattle between 1975 and 1980. During the 6 weeks following dehorning, bodyweight change of dehorned cattle was less (P less than 0.05) than that of horned cattle in half of the groups. There were no differences between treatments, in bodyweight gain to 12 months after dehorning, following any dehorning date or in final bodyweight, for each draft. The data suggest that age of dehorning is not critical. PMID- 7138436 TI - Mortality and illthrift associated with thiamine deficiency in lambs. PMID- 7138434 TI - The effect of lice infestation on the growth of Hereford calves. AB - Two experiments were carried out to examine the effects of cattle lice on the productivity of young calves. In both experiments the main species present was Linognathus vituli. In the first experiment, treatment of grazing heifers and their suckled calves did not improve the overall bodyweight gain of either the heifers or the calves. The calves experienced a rapid build-up in lice populations during autumn and early winter which was associated with mild transient pathogenic effects, but this was followed by an apparent 'self-cure' reaction and compensatory gain during late winter. In the second experiment young calves were placed in feedlots and fed high and low planes of nutrition. Treatment to remove lice did not result in any improvements in growth rate on either plane of nutrition; however it was clear that untreated, undernourished calves had heavier lice infestation. PMID- 7138435 TI - The significance of aflatoxin and ochratoxin in the diet of Australian chickens. PMID- 7138437 TI - Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in pet dogs and cats. PMID- 7138441 TI - The duration of protection against infection with Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis in immunised bulls. PMID- 7138440 TI - Lipomatosis in a quokka (Setonix brachyurus) PMID- 7138439 TI - Stilboestrol toxicity in a dog. PMID- 7138438 TI - Mycobacterium intracellulare infection in wallabies. PMID- 7138442 TI - Experimental Salmonella anatum infection in horses. AB - Salmonella anatum was given orally to 8 horses on 11 occasions in doses ranging from 9.5 X 10(6) to 8.8 X 10(11) organisms. Four distinct syndromes were induced based upon clinical, laboratory and pathological findings: (1) asymptomatic; (2) moderate clinical signs with or without changes in faecal consistency; (3) fever, depression, anorexia with unstructured or diarrhoeic faeces; and (4) septicaemia with or without diarrhoea, and peripheral circulatory failure. All animals excreted the organism. The peak temperature preceded the onset of diarrhoea by 1 or 2 days. Changes in faecal consistency were associated with direct isolation of the organism. The degree of neutropaenia increased with the dosage. Blood cultures were unsatisfactory, only 1 of 33 samples being positive. The serological responses were not significant although one animal displayed a significant seroconversion consistent with the clinical reaction. Indomethacin was not of value in moderating intestinal fluid secretion in one animal. The distribution and quantitation of positive cultures at autopsy closely reflected the type of syndrome induced. The invasiveness of the organism was confirmed by frequent direct recoveries from intestinal wall and draining lymph node samples. S. anatum appears to be of similar pathogenicity to S. typhimurium in the horse, at least under experimental conditions. PMID- 7138443 TI - The relationship between a serving capacity test and fertility of beef bulls. PMID- 7138444 TI - Milk production of grazing dairy cows given monthly anthelmintic treatment. PMID- 7138446 TI - Renal calculi in apparently normal sheep. AB - The incidence of renal calculi in sheep was determined and the effects of season, sex and difference between left and right kidneys were considered. Examinations for calculi were made by x-ray photography and stereomicroscopy. The seasonal study extended from June 1972 to June 1973. The lowest incidence of calculi, occurred from November to February (25 to 35%) and the highest, in June 1972 (61%) and May 1973 (63%); in other months it generally ranged from 40 to 50%. These differences were highly significant (P less than 0.001). The incidence of calculi greater than 2 mm diameter was 0% and 3% in January and February and, except for 18% in June 1972 values were about 8%. Subepithelial deposits ranged from 2% (April) to 25% (June 1972) about a mean of 11%. Calculi were found most frequently in the middle third of the kidney and near the fornices. Of kidneys with microcalculi (less than 0.05 mm diameter) visual assessment showed 64% contained silica, 29% oxalate, 15% carbonate and 5% material of undetermined nature. Difference in the incidence of calculi between ewes and wethers and between left and right kidneys were not significant and the distribution of calculi within these kidneys was similar to that in the seasonal study. These results are discussed in relation to urinary tract obstruction in grazing sheep and to possible factors affecting the retention in and movement of calculi from the kidney. PMID- 7138445 TI - Vitamin B and copper supplementation in beef calves. AB - Bodyweight responses to subcutaneous injections of vitamin B12 and copper were investigated using Hereford calves in the southeast of South Australia, an area known to produce cobalt and copper deficient sheep. Calves were allocated to one of four groups: control; copper; vitamin B12; copper plus vitamin B12. Responses in bodyweight gain to vitamin B12, and to copper were obtained during the trial of one year. The results of biochemical analysis of blood, hair and faeces from calves and of dam's milk are reported. It is concluded that calves raised on cobalt-deficient pastures will require cobalt or vitamin B12 supplementation prior to weaning. PMID- 7138447 TI - The serological response of chickens to oil emulsion vaccines containing the V4 strain of Newcastle disease virus. AB - Experiments were conducted with vaccines containing the V4 strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Both living aqueous vaccines and vaccines consisting of virus incorporated oil emulsion were used. The calculated dose of virus contained in the oil emulsion vaccine was 10(8.7) 50% embryo infectious doses (EID50) per bird dose. Haemagglutinin inhibition (HI) antibody levels of 8 are presumed protective. One-day-old chicks with low levels of maternal antibody were vaccinated intraocularly with 10(6.3)EID50 ol live vaccine, and concurrently with oil emulsion vaccine. Presumed protective levels of antibody were present at two weeks post vaccination and were maintained for at least seven weeks longer. When adult birds 15 weeks old with no previous exposure to NDV were vaccinated intraocularly with 10(6.7)EID50 per bird, protective levels of antibody were produced within a week. Unvaccinated birds put in contact with the vaccinated birds produced similar antibody levels within 14 days. Revaccination with oil emulsion vaccine after antibody levels had fallen resulted in a rapid response with high levels of antibody. When antibody-free adult commercial birds with an unknown history of exposure to NDV were vaccinated intramuscularly with oil emulsion vaccine, high antibody levels were produced for at least 21 weeks. Concurrent intraocular inoculation with 10(7.0)EID50 live virus did not enhance the response. Natural infection of unvaccinated birds occurred during the experiment. This was detected by the presence of HI antibody levels of short duration. When antibody-free commercial birds were inoculated intramuscularly with oil emulsion vaccine containing 10(6.0), 10(7.0), or 10(8.0)EID50 per bird dose, 100% of birds inoculated with the highest dose produced presumed protective levels of antibody within two weeks, as compared with a 5-week delay when using the 10(7.0)EID50 per bird dose. PMID- 7138448 TI - The toxicity of jute (Corchorus olitorius) seed to pigs. AB - Finely ground Corchorus olitorius seed was administered as a daily drench to 1 pig at 100mg/kg body weight and as a single drench to 2 pigs at 500 mg/kg body weight. The latter 2 died within 48 hours, and the former was killed on the 7th day as it approached a moribund state. Clinical signs observed were anorexia, vomiting and dysentery. Autopsy revealed severe haemorrhagic enteritis. The seed was also fed to pigs at levels of 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.5% by weight of the ration for 4 weeks. Levels of 0.05% of greater caused reductions in voluntary feed intake and weight gain. PMID- 7138449 TI - The effects of age and diet on the absorption of lead from the gastrointestinal tract of dogs. AB - Two groups of young growing dogs (one group maintained on balanced commercial diet and the other on high-fat-low-calcium diet) and one group of adults dogs on balanced commercial diet were given lead orally at 4 different dose levels. Post treatment blood lead levels did not reveal any significant difference between the young and adult dogs maintained on balanced commercial diet. However, dogs on the high-fat-low-calcium diet showed marked elevation in blood lead at each of the 4 dose levels used. The results emphasise the importance of dietary factors in absorption of lead from the alimentary tract and suggest that the influence of age on lead uptake from the gut requires further evaluation. PMID- 7138450 TI - Vaginal prolapse in a south australian sea lion (Neophoca Nove Hollandia). PMID- 7138451 TI - Heritabilities, by the multiple abstract variance analysis (MAVA) model and objective test measures, of personality traits U.i.23, capacity to mobilize, U.i.24, anxiety, U.i.26, narcistic ego, and U.i.28, asthenia, by maximum likelihood methods. PMID- 7138452 TI - Differential heart-rate responses to person in nervous and normal pointer dogs. PMID- 7138453 TI - Behavior-genetic analysis of Phormia regina. I. isolation of pure-breeding lines for high and low levels of the central excitatory state (CES) from an unselected population. PMID- 7138456 TI - Multivariate behavioral genetic analysis of correlations vs. phenotypically standardized covariances. PMID- 7138454 TI - Artificial selection for altered male wing display in Drosophila simulans. PMID- 7138455 TI - Open-field behavior and the peripheral sympathetic nervous system in the MR/N and MNR/N rat strains. PMID- 7138457 TI - Early effects of chemical carcinogens as compared to induced cell proliferation. I. Flow microfluorimetry. AB - Acridine orange-stained rat liver cells have been analyzed by flow microfluorimetry either after i.p. injection of 0.6 and 5.4 mg/kg of dimethylnitrosamine or 18 hr after partial hepatectomy. Treatment with dimethylnitrosamine induced a marked increase in the fraction of cells with higher green fluorescence intensity which can be related to a greater number of chromatin primary binding sites, and a decrease in the fraction of cells with higher red fluorescence intensity corresponding to a lower amount of cellular RNA. Contrary to the carcinogen-induced early changes towards a more relaxed uncoiled structure, as well as an apparent uncoupling between chromatin-DNA structural alterations and total RNA synthesis, could be first events in the carcinogenetic process. PMID- 7138459 TI - Electron microscopic demonstration of neurons and synaptic terminals selectively accumulating (3H)GABA in goldfish optic tectum. AB - After injection of (3H)GABA in the goldfish tectum, several neural structures selectively accumulating the labeled neurotransmitter were revealed by electron microscopic autoradiography. A number of labeled neurons was observed in the periventricular layer, while some scattered neurons were present in more superficial layers. Different types of axon terminals were also labeled in the stratum marginale, stratum fibrosum and griseum superficiale and stratum griseum centrale. Labeled dendrites, in particular those belonging to the periventricular neurons, were also noted. PMID- 7138458 TI - Tumor promoter-mediated effects on Friend leukemia cells induced by actinomycin D: flow microfluorometry analysis and erythroid differentiation. AB - Murine erythroleukemic cells can be induced to express globin genes and to differentiate by chemical compounds such as dimethylsulfoxide, hemin, butyric acid, hexamethylenebisacetamide. In addition, tumor promoters have been shown to inhibit this induced differentiation, thus suggesting that the conversion of a cell into a cancer cell can be thought as an alteration in its state of differentiation. We found that actinomycin D-induced erythroid differentiation is not inhibited by the tumor promoter 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in two murine erythroleukemia cell lines. Thus we investigated the cellular distribution with respect to the cell cycle in synchronized cells cultured with TPA and actinomycin D in order to determine whether alteration of the cell cycle parameters can interfere to some extent with the process of differentiation. Cells synchronized in S phase progress through the cell cycle and differentiate when cultured with actinomycin D and TPA. On the contrary, some cells synchronized in G1 are prevented entry to S phase by the tumor promoter. Only in this cellular population was there found inhibition of intracytoplasmic hemoglobin accumulation. Therefore in the Friend leukemia cell system, the tumor promoter TPA does not inhibit DNA synthesis, but the progression of the cells through G1. In addition our results suggest that this progression through G1 and/or early S is a cellular event which is critical for the organization of the expression of globin and related genes. PMID- 7138460 TI - Acetylcholinesterase activity of the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus of Triturus cristatus carnifex. AB - This study deals with acetylcholinesterase activity in mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus neurons of the newt. These cells appear clearly positive to histochemical reaction. Electron microscope investigations revealed the fine localization of the enzyme in cell bodies. On the basis of the ultrastructural pattern of AChE distribution some considerations on the possible sites of utilization are discussed. PMID- 7138461 TI - Histochemical studies of some hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes in the skin epidermis of the clingfish Lepadogaster candollei Risso (Gobiesociformes, Pisces). AB - The skin epidermis of the Teleost fish Lepadogaster candollei has been studied by cytoenzymatic methods. Besides the common epithelial cells, the epidermis is constituted of various cell types, among which are calciform cells, sacciform cells and acidophilic cells. In the cells of the basal epithelium are found hydrolytic enzymes and oxidation-reduction enzyme systems that are tied to processes of growth and cell proliferation. The positive cytoenzymatic reactions in the epithelial elements and in the glandular sacciform cells of the intermediate layers reflect their high metabolic activity. There is even more intense activity in the polygonal epithelial cells of the more superficial layers whose enzymatic machinery is characterized by high reductase and oxidoreductase activities and by alkaline phosphatase activity. These results suggest an active utilization of glucose by anaerobic and aerobic processes as well as by the pentose phosphate shunt thus suggesting the absence of the keratinization processes in the piscine skin epidermis. The cytoenzymatic findings also demonstrate that the epidermis is capable of synthesizing and elaborating materials for cell regeneration. PMID- 7138463 TI - [Seasonal occurrence of congenital dislocation of the hip in different catchment areas]. PMID- 7138462 TI - Polar lipids extraction from rat primary lysosomes and their possible role in regulating lysosomal hydrolases. AB - The polar lipids in primary lysosomes prepared from rat liver were extracted and evaluated by qualitative and quantitative procedures. Phospholipid phosphorus ranges between 1.50 and 2.6 micrograms/mg protein and sulfolipids varied from 12 to 60 micrometer/mg protein. The TLD of the organic phase have nine lipid fractions. Glycolipids were also present: GM1, GM3 and GD1a gangliosides could be separated by TLC. Sialic acid was about 0.24 micrograms/mg protein. The cytochemical interest of these components lies not only in the chemical composition of lysosomal structures, but also in the regulatory mechanism due to some of them, such as sulfolipids, which are likely to be involved in inactivating lysosomal enzymes by cross-inhibition. PMID- 7138464 TI - [Analysis of stochastic relationships between occurrence of hip dislocation and average monthly temperatures]. PMID- 7138465 TI - [Development of the ante-torsion angle on the coxal end of the femur in conservatively and surgically treated hip dislocations]. PMID- 7138466 TI - [Development of the femoral shaft-neck angle in conservatively and surgically treated hip dislocations]. PMID- 7138467 TI - [Rotation gauges for the correction of pathological torsion angles of the hip joint and bones of the extremities]. PMID- 7138468 TI - [Treatment of infected tibial pseudarthrosis using external fixation devices]. PMID- 7138470 TI - [The value of vital staining using disulfine blue in the treatment of post traumatic osteomyelitis]. PMID- 7138469 TI - [Analysis of bone substances in degenerative and inflammatory bone diseases]. PMID- 7138471 TI - [Experiences with Bruckner's method in the treatment of obsolete ruptures of the cruciate ligaments (indication, technic and results)]. PMID- 7138472 TI - [Fractures of the proximal end of the humerus in children]. PMID- 7138473 TI - [Benign osteoblastoma of the metacarpal bone]. PMID- 7138474 TI - [Biomechanical aspects of osteosyntheses with one-sided external bone fixation and compression]. PMID- 7138475 TI - [Early diagnosis of thrombosis after hip operations using the radiofibrinogen test and phlebography]. PMID- 7138476 TI - [Indications and contraindications for manual therapy in a child orthopedic consultation]. PMID- 7138477 TI - [Complete rupture of all ligament connections of the upper ankle joint]. PMID- 7138478 TI - [Aspects of ritual slaughter - current status]. PMID- 7138479 TI - [Chromosome analysis in calves with hereditary parakeratosis]. PMID- 7138480 TI - [Cultural studies of Yersinia enterocolitica in human and porcine specimens in Schleswig-Holstein]. PMID- 7138482 TI - [Nocardiosis in a fox (Vulpes vulpes) and in a small mongoose (Herpestes javanica)]. PMID- 7138483 TI - [Radioimmunologic determination of triamcinolone acetonide levels in equine plasma]. PMID- 7138481 TI - [Diseases in the deer (Cervus dama L. 1758): results of 1977-1982 research]. PMID- 7138484 TI - Post-injury myelin-breakdown products inhibit axonal growth: an hypothesis to explain the failure of axonal regeneration in the mammalian central nervous system. PMID- 7138485 TI - Growth and regeneration of axons in the nervous system. PMID- 7138486 TI - The developmental programme for retinal embryogenesis with special reference to the chick. PMID- 7138487 TI - Neurogenesis and regeneration in the primary olfactory pathway of mammals. AB - The primary sensory neurons in the olfactory and vomeronasal mucosae develop outside the neuraxis from ectodermal placodes, and their axons enter the central nervous system (CNS) during embryonic life, to terminate in the olfactory and accessory olfactory bulbs. The sensory neurons are unique in that they are produced and differentiate continuously from a stem cell in the sensory epithelium, throughout the life of the animal. After loss of sensory neurons following injury, the stem cell is able to increase its rate of division and replace the lost neurons. Sensory neurons thus formed during adult life, in the normal animal or after injury, possess another important and unique property: they are able to grow axons which can re-enter the CNS. Once in the CNS they can re-establish synaptic contact with central neurons. Such regenerative growth can result in re-establishment of connections between sensory mucosa and olfactory bulb in the adult animal, and a consequent recovery of olfactory function after injury to the pathway. However, a 'normal' pattern of connections is not always re-established, and olfactory axons may regenerate into areas of the CNS which they never enter during normal development. The special qualities which allow olfactory axons to re-enter the CNS are not known. Current work is aimed at examining more closely the interface where the peripheral nerve meets the CNS. Preliminary results suggest that this interface may be hard to define: the olfactory nerves themselves, although classically regarded as peripheral nerves, possess some features of central tracts, since their glia contain the astrocyte specific protein GFAP, and resemble astrocytes in fine structure. PMID- 7138488 TI - Regeneration of axons in the mouse retina after injury. AB - It is generally accepted that most axons in the mammalian CNS show only transient growth in response to injury, and numerous hypotheses have been advanced to account for this phenomenon. Detailed knowledge of the time-course and extent of this so-called 'abortive regeneration' is, however, surprisingly lacking. The retina of the adult albino mouse provides a convenient system in which to quantify the response of central axons to injury, since the retina can be prepared as a whole mount, allowing silver-impregnated axons to be followed along their entire course. Using this experimental model, sprouting of injured axons was observed as early as 14 h post lesion (hpl) with rapid growth (20 micrometers/day on average) continuing until 10 dpl. Thereafter, a decline in the overall growth rate was observed, presumably regenerated sprouts began to degenerate. However, not all axons showed this abortive response: numerous unfasciculated axons continued in random growth until at least 100 dpl. One possible interpretation of these results is that the concept of abortive regeneration of injured axons is untenable in regions of the CNS which are lacking in myelin. PMID- 7138489 TI - Nicotinic ACh receptor blockade and spontaneous nerve cell death in various brain regions. AB - Transmission blockade has been performed with alpha- and beta-bungarotoxin and with d-tubocarine in 10-to 18-day-old chick embryos. The naturally occurring nerve cell death in the trochlear nucleus and some other motor cranial nerve nuclei has been prevented after postsynaptic blockade with alpha-BTX or dTC, but an increased cell death has been found after presynaptic blockade with beta-BTX. The ultrastructural appearance and some cytological parameters of the motoneurons are comparable with these neurons in controls, but the Golgi preparations show a significant decrease in dendritic branching after postsynaptic blockade. As demonstrated by HRP labelling, the motoneurons have maintained contacts with their peripheral target even after 8 days of postsynaptic blockade. Distinct alterations have been observed in the retina, the tectum and in some other visual brain regions by quantitative histological, ultrastructural and autoradiographic methods. A hypothesis is proposed explaining the observed changes as a common mechanism effective in the ontogenesis and the regeneration of neuromuscular systems. PMID- 7138490 TI - Specificity of neural connections in the retinotectal system. AB - The existence of a retinotopic map raises the question of how such a map is formed during development. Since little is known about molecular mechanisms which may be involved in the formation of retinotopy, the structural aspects of this developmental process were studied to a greater detail in the chick. In the retina the following patterns of growth can be observed: (1) Ganglion cell formation starts in the centre and spreads towards the periphery. Thus, each cell is labelled by both its position and its time of origin. (2) Axons tend to grow towards the optic fissure by the shortest possible route, and more peripheral axons whose perikarya are born later than that of central ones tend to lie next to the inner limiting membrane. A regular change in the pattern of fibres, which we call transformation, occurs at the optic fissure. The incremental rings are transformed into crescents lying ventrally in the optic stalk at early stages of development. In the middle of the optic nerve retinotopy is re-established. Another transformation occurs shortly behind the chiasm. Except for these transformations, fibres run parallel to each other even across the chiasm. Thus, fibres arriving at the optic tectum are well organized. It is concluded that a multiplicity of factors contribute to the formation of the retinotectal map at any site of the visual pathway. The analysis of these factors may indicate how topographically organized projections develop. PMID- 7138492 TI - Studies on live attenuated mumps vaccine. III. Long-term follow-up study on the efficacy of Biken vaccine. AB - Clinical and serological follow-ups were made on 24 children for 8 years after immunization against mumps with attenuated mumps vaccine, Biken vaccine. To evaluate the protective efficacy of the vaccine, matched controls were studied during the same period. Serological examination revealed that 91% of the controls were infected with mumps and 83% of them contracted the disease during the studied period. However, none of the vaccinees developed clinical infection after close contact with mumps patients. There was no substantial decrease in the antibody titers in unexposed vaccines after vaccination. PMID- 7138491 TI - Hemolysis and fusion by influenza viruses with heat-inactivated neuraminidase activity. AB - Influenza virus hemolytic activity was found to be more heat-resistant than neuraminidase activity, and to be heat-inactivated similarly to hemagglutination activity, in sharp contrast to the case with paramyxoviruses, where the hemolytic activity is the most heat-labile, and hemagglutination and neuraminidase activities are inactivated similarly by heat. Influenza viruses with heat inactivated neuraminidase activity, which still showed hemagglutination and hemolytic activities, were found to be able to induce cell fusion and envelope fusion. This finding suggested that the hemolytic and fusion activities are not dependent on neuraminidase activity. The hemolytic activity was largely inhibited by anti-hemagglutinin serum of the same subtype. The pH range, heat stability, and antiserum susceptibility of the hemolytic activity were found to be independent of the cells in which the virus was grown. PMID- 7138493 TI - Malathion resistance in Tribolium strains and their hybrids: inheritance patterns and possible enzymatic mechanisms (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae). AB - (1) The genetics of malathion resistance in two strains of the flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, was investigated. In CTC-12, resistance is polygenic, while in Kano, it is due to a dominant allele at a single autosomal locus. Reciprocal hybrids with the susceptible control strains bb and pp showed an overdominant response in particular when Kano was the male parent in the original cross. (2) Three possible genetic mechanisms to explain these results are discussed. The model which best explains the genetic results, particularly the difference between the reciprocal crosses, assumes a modifier resistance allele on the Y chromosome. (3) The levels of activity of total esterases, carboxylesterases, mixed-function oxidases, epoxide hydrase, and glutathione transferase in the parent strains and their hybrids were measured quantitatively. Although total esterase activity may not be relevant for the breakdown of malathion, it was inhibited by the pesticide. The activity of the microsomal enzymes was high in CTC-12, low in bb, and intermediate in the hybrids, while carboxylesterases were very active in Kano as well as in the hybrids with bb and low in the latter. These patterns agree with the genetics of resistance in the two strains. A higher level of GSH transferase in the Kano x bb hybrids than in Kano seems to indicate a possible biochemical mechanism for their overdominant resistance. PMID- 7138495 TI - Linkage of the structural gene for uroporphyrinogen I synthase to markers on mouse chromosome 9 in a cross between feral and inbred mice. AB - The Ups locus has been mapped to mouse chromosome 9 in a three-point cross. The observed gene order is centromere-Ups-15-Mpi-1-22-Mod-1. Ups is unlinked to Lv, which encodes the previous enzyme in the heme biosynthesis pathway. Feral mice collected at Skive, Denmark, have been characterized at several biochemical loci; multiple differences from inbred strains make this a useful stock for linkage analysis. PMID- 7138494 TI - Thiopurine methyltransferase biochemical genetics: human lymphocyte activity. PMID- 7138496 TI - Linkage studies on an esterase locus in the mosquito Aedes togoi. AB - An electrophoretic survey of esterases in 7 wild-type and 10 mutant strains of the mosquito Aedes (Finlaya) togoi was undertaken using thin-layer agar gels. Three esterases (Designated the Est-1, Est-2, and Est-3 loci in decreasing order of electrophoretic mobility) could be detected from fourth-instar larvae, pupae, and 2- to 5-day-old adults. Homogenates of the larvae gave the most intensely stained bands in the gels, especially for Est-3. The three esterases were designated carboxylesterases based on their responses to the two esterase inhibitors, eserine and paraoxon (diethyl-p-nitrophenyl phosphate). The Est-3 locus was found to have alleles including at least one null. The linkage results of six backcrosses suggest that Est-3 is located only 5-8 map units from the sex allele (m) and the gene arrangement is Est-3-m-s (straw colored larva) in linkage group I. PMID- 7138497 TI - Genetic control of amino acid transport in sheep erythrocytes. AB - An inherited amino acid transport deficiency results in low concentrations of glutathione (GSH) in the erythrocytes of certain sheep. Earlier studies based on phenotyping according to GSH concentrations indicated that the gene TrH, which controls normal levels of GSH, behaves as if dominant or incompletely dominant to the allele Trh, which controls the GSH deficiency. The present papers shows that when sheep are classified according to amino acid transport activity, the TrH gene behaves as if codominant to Trh. Erythrocytes from sheep homozygous for the TrH gene exhibit rapid saturable L-alanine influx (apparent Km, 21.6 mM; Vmax, 22.4 mmol/liter cells/hr.). Cells from sheep homozygous for the Trh gene exhibit slow nonsaturable L-alanine uptake (0.55 mmol/liter cells/hr at 50mM extracellular L-alanine). Cells from heterozygous sheep show saturable L-alanine uptake with a diminished Vmax (apparent Km, 19.1 mM; Vmax, 12.7 mmol/liter cells/hr). These erythrocytes have a significantly lower GSH concentration than cells from TrH, TrH sheep but similar intracellular levels of dibasic amino acids. PMID- 7138498 TI - One- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel analysis of the heat shock proteins of the virilis group of Drosophila. AB - The heat shock proteins of the virilis group of Drosophila are analyzed by one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel analysis. This group consists of the two closely related but distinct virilis and montana phylads. The analysis reveals that some of the heat shock proteins are highly conserved among the two phylads while others are not. The 83-, 72-, and 69-kdalton proteins comigrate in all species examined. There is, however, a noticeable trend toward greater molecular weight variability in the smaller heat shock proteins. In general, the heat shock protein patterns within each phylad follow the proposed phylogenetic relationships with some exceptions. D. ezoana and D. littoralis, both members of the montana phylad, exhibit heat shock protein patterns more similar to those of the virilis phylad. The data also demonstrate that the montana phylad has almost two times the heat shock allele members that the virilis phylad has. It is also shown that F1 and F2 hybrid flies of crosses between Drosophila species having different patterns of heat shock proteins show Mendelian segregation of alleles. After several generations of inbred growth, however, the pattern of heat shock protein synthesis in reciprocal hybrids each resembles that of the paternal parent. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 7138499 TI - Kinetics and thermodynamics of activation of pretreatment with guanosine 5' [beta, gamma-imido]triphosphate of smooth-muscle adenylate cyclase. AB - Catalytic subunits (C) of uterine smooth-muscle adenylate cyclase were activated (C*) by incubating the enzyme with the GTP analogue guanosine 5'-[betagamma imido]triphosphate (p[NH]ppG), followed by treatment with GTP and washing at 2 degrees C. Activation (C-->C*) proceeded in a time- and temperature-dependent manner as disclosed by subsequent assay of the pretreated particles at 37 degrees C. The properties of the activated subunits were a function of the pretreatment temperature and not those of the enzyme assay performed at 37 degrees C. Over the range 6-24 degrees C, activation by pretreatment with p[NH]ppG followed simple Michaelis-Menten kinetics, and increase in temperature increased the concentration of catalytic subunits in the C* state and decreased K(m) for the guanosine nucleotide. Characterization of the temperature-dependent effects of pretreatment with p[NH]ppG suggested that activation of the catalytic subunit at the temperature in situ (37 degrees C) was moderately endergonic (DeltaH(0) approximately 8kJ.mol(-1)) and accompanied by an increase in entropy (DeltaS(0) approximately 146J.mol(-1).K(-1)). The beta-adrenergic catecholamine receptor, reflected by isoproterenol's effect on activation by pretreatment with p[NH]ppG, increased the concentration of catalytic subunits in the C* state but had an insignificant (P>0.05) effect on the K(m) at every temperature. This result suggested that formation of the receptor-hormone complex produced an increase in the first-order rate constant without an appreciable effect on the actual catalytic-subunit activation step. The primary function of the beta-adrenergic catecholamine receptor under these conditions appeared to be regulation of the concentration of activation sites available for binding of p[NH]ppG. PMID- 7138500 TI - Isolation of the mature subunit of delta-aminolaevulinate synthase from embryonic chick liver. AB - We presented evidence indicating that the established procedure for purifying delta-aminolaevulinate (ALA) synthase from embryonic-chick liver yielded an enzyme with a partially degraded subunit of molecular weight 51000 [Ades & Harpe (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 9329-9333]. We now report the purification from livers of porphyric embryos of a preparation of ALA synthase which consisted primarily of a 63000-Da polypeptide and a component migrating as a smear of polypeptides with a minimum molecular weight of 52 000. Neither component could be recovered from liver mitochondria of normal embryos, where the amounts of ALA synthase were relatively low. The 52 000-Da component had been established to be the partially degraded subunit of the enzyme. Peptide-mapping analyses indicated that the 63 000- and the 52 000-Da components possessed significant structural homologies, and it was concluded that the 63 000-Da polypeptide represented the mature subunit of ALA synthase. PMID- 7138501 TI - Studies on mammalian intestinal peroxidase. AB - A peroxidase, purified from rat small intestine to apparent homogeneity as judged by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, exhibited an absorbance ratio (A412/A280) of 0.783. Its Mr (44000 +/- 1000) and spectral properties were similar to those of the pig intestinal enzyme. The velocity constant for the reaction between rat intestinal peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide was found to be 1.8 x 10(7) M-1 . s 1. Benzhydroxamic acid inhibited the peroxidative oxidation of guaiacol by intestinal peroxidase from both species but the concentration required to cause half-inhibition of the enzyme from the rat was higher by one order of magnitude than for the pig enzyme. The amino acid composition of highly-purified pig intestinal peroxidase showed a relative abundance of basic amino acids (lysine and arginine) and was similar to that of lactoperoxidase, but not that of myeloperoxidase. The initial ten amino acid residues of this enzyme (the first reported partial sequence for a mammalian peroxidase) were also determined. PMID- 7138502 TI - Mechano-chemical energy transduction in biological systems. The effect of mechanical stimulation on the polymerization of actin: a kinetic study. AB - Mechanical stimulation (forced circulation in narrow tubing) accelerates as much as 10-fold the rate of polymerization of actin. The increase in the rate is proportional to the intensity of the stimulation for flow rates between 0 and 3 cm/s. This supports the hypothesis that a statistical factor (the orientation of the flowing particles) is influenced by the flow. Comparison of the kinetics of the polymerization of resting and of mechanically stimulated actin solutions shows that both the nucleation and the elongation steps are accelerated. It is thus concluded that flow orients not only the oligomeric structures but also the actin monomers. The elongation reaction, also in the flow-stimulated samples, occurs always by the addition of ATP--G-actin (or ATP-containing oligomers) and not by the fusion of ADP-containing oligomeric structures. PMID- 7138503 TI - Cathepsin B from human renal cortex. AB - Cysteine-proteinase activity was observed in homogenates of human-cadaver renal cortex. This activity co-purified with renin enzymic activity until separation by aminohexyl-Sepharose--pepstatin affinity chromatography. The cysteine proteinase was purified 1780-fold after the following successive chromatographic procedures: Sephadex G-75, DEAE-cellulose DE-52, and an organomercurial affinity resin. The proteinase activity was dependent upon activation by thiol-containing compounds such as dithiothreitol, as well as by EDTA, and was inhibited by the thiol-group specific alkylating reagents iodoacetic acid and N-ethylmaleimide. DE-52 cellulose chromatography resolved the cysteine proteinase into two components. On the basis of molecular size (26 000 daltons), activity as a function of pH, stability as a function of pH, substrate specificity and thermal lability, the major component (95%) has been identified as cathepsin B. The DE-52 cellulose elution pattern of the minor component (5%) is suggestive of cathepsin H [Schwartz & Barrett (1980) Biochem. J. 191, 487-497] Enzymic activity was determined with synthetic substrates, in particular alpha-N-benzoyl-DL-arginine 2 naphthylamide (Bz-Arg-NNap), thus precluding the detection of cathepsin L [Kirschke, Langner, Wiederanders, Ansorge, Bohley & Broghammer (1976) Acta Biol. Med. Germ. 35, 285-299]. Inhibition by dimethyl sulphoxide was observed in the determination of Km = 7.0 +/- 0.4 mM for the substrate Bz-Arg-NNap, and care must therefore be taken in the preparation of substrate solutions. PMID- 7138504 TI - Association of fibronectin with carboxy-group-modified proteins in vitro. AB - Treatment of human immunoglobulin G, albumin and fibronectin with water-soluble carbodi-imide at pH4.75 in the presence of glycine ethyl ester resulted in an avid binding of (125)I-labelled native fibrinectin to the modified proteins. Succinoylation, reduction and alkylation or heat-denaturation had no such effect. In affinity chromatography under physiological conditions, serum was depleted of fibronectin when run through columns of the carbodi-imide-treated proteins coupled to agarose. Fractions eluted from such columns with urea were enriched in fibronectin. The binding of radiolabelled fibronectin to the carbodi-imide treated proteins was inhibited by unlabelled fibronectin in relatively low concentrations, but also by albumin in higher concentrations. Heat-denatured albumin inhibited at concentrations approx. 10-30 times lower than native albumin. The binding reaction had a pH optimum of 6-8. It was inhibited at high ionic strength and in the presence of urea. Anionic detergents inhibited at millimolar concentrations, but non-ionic detergents did not inhibit the binding reaction. The results were interpreted as showing that: (1) fibronectin is capable of binding to itself, to immunoglobulin G and to albumin after a reduction of the negative surface charge of these proteins, and may have a general ability to bind such modified proteins; (2) this binding can take place under physiological conditions; (3) carboxy-group-modified proteins selectively bind fibronectin from serum. This novel binding phenomenon could be important in terms of the opsonin function of circulatory fibronectin. We propose that fibronectin may recognize modified (denatured) proteins and mediate their uptake by the reticuloendothelial system. PMID- 7138505 TI - Purification and radioimmunoassay of rat lactate dehydrogenase A and B subunits. AB - We have developed procedures for purifying lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes from rat tissues that involve two affinity-chromatography steps and that facilitate the isolation of milligram quantities of highly purified proteins within 2--3 days. Antibodies raised against pure A and B subunits in rabbits and hens were used in radioimmunoassays and showed negligible cross-reactivity with heterologous subunits. The radioimmunoassays provide a sensitive method for measuring nanogram amounts of A-subunit and B-subunit polypeptides in tissue homogenates and were employed to characterize the enzyme purification procedures. PMID- 7138506 TI - Iron-induced DNA damage and synthesis in isolated rat liver nuclei. AB - Incubation of iron with isolated rat liver nuclei stimulated fragmentation of single-stranded DNA, incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA and the binding of 59Fe to DNA. FeCl2 was about twice as active as FeCl3. Lipid peroxidation took place in nuclei incubated with FeCl2, but not with FeCl3. Generation of reactive forms of oxygen was required for iron-mediated DNA damage, but evidence for direct interaction of reactive oxygen with DNA was not found. Apparent adducts of iron bound to DNA seemed to be formed by an enzymic mechanism. PMID- 7138507 TI - Characterization of human placental neuraminidases. Stability, substrate specificity and molecular weight. AB - 1. At least two components of neuraminidase can be distinguished on the basis of thermolability and sedimentability by using the artificial fluorogenic substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl N-acetyl-alpha-D-neuraminate. 2. In crude homogenates, thermodenaturation at 25 degrees C showed a biphasic curve corresponding to component A (half-life, 21 min) and B (half-life, 85 min). The two components were partially resolved by centrifugation. A being soluble and B sedimentable. Both had similar pH-activity curves (pH optimum, 4.4), Km values (A, 0.10 mM; B, 0.06 mM) and molecular weight as determined by radiation inactivation (A, 67000; B, 63000). 3. The soluble A form was still aggregated or bound to membranous debris since almost all neuraminidase activity was eluted near or at the void volume of a Sephacryl S-300 column. 4. Both soluble and sedimentable fractions of placenta hydrolysed the GD1A ganglioside and N-acetyl-neuraminyl-D-lactose linearly for 12 h but no fetuin hydrolysis was detected. 5. The neuraminidase activity with the artificial fluorogenic substrate was inhibited by N acetylneuraminyl-D-lactose but not by the GD1A ganglioside. These preliminary results suggest that there exist two closely related enzymes hydrolysing both the artificial substrate and N-acetylneuraminyl-D-lactose and a third one hydrolysing the GD1A ganglioside exclusively. PMID- 7138508 TI - A computergraphical method of describing the shapes of subunit interfaces of oligomers. Analysis of the quaternary structure of concanavalin A and of prealbumin. AB - A new method is described for mapping the shape of the intersubunit contacts of oligomers with identical subunits or pairs of subunits. Plots are generated for the dimer--dimer interactions of concanavalin A and prealbumin, which are both tetramers. Both contacts lie at the junction between the faces of two apposed beta-sheets, but in most other respects the interactions are seen to be different. PMID- 7138509 TI - Isolation and properties of multiple forms of histidine decarboxylase from rat gastric mucosa. AB - The heterogeneity of histidine decarboxylase from rat gastric mucosa was studied. The partially purified enzyme was fractionated by preparative isoelectric focusing on a flat-gel bed by using narrow pH-range carrier ampholytes and a short focusing time. The activity was resolved, with about 95% recovery, into three forms, designated I, II and III, with pI values of 5.90, 5.60 and 5.35 respectively. These three forms exhibited similar molecular weights, indicating that the forms were not the result of different degrees of polymerization. By preparative refocusing each form refocused as a single peak of enzyme activity with reproducible pI, but a high loss of activity occurred with repeated focusing. Forms I, II and III were purified by the combined use of preparative isoelectric focusing and gel chromatography and other fractionation methods. The active forms could be distinguished by electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gels and displayed protein heterogeneity. These forms were found in the crude extract and in the partially purified preparations in the presence or absence of proteinase inhibitors. Form II had the highest specific activity, but all three forms had the same optimum pH and Km value for histidine. PMID- 7138511 TI - Secondary and tertiary structural foldings in tRNA. A diagonal plot analysis using the blocked nucleotide scheme. AB - A distance plot obtained using the blocked nucleotide concept, which regards the repeating nucleotide moieties to be made up of two blocks of nearly equal magnitude, has permitted us to visualize the polynucleotide backbone folding in yeast tRNAPhe. The plot clearly manifests medium- and long-range tertiary interactions involving various structural domains. Apart from the well known T psi-D loop interactions, other long-range interactions associated with the variable loop as well as the D loop are explicitly seen. Most importantly, the plot reveals an approximate two-fold symmetry in the molecule between the domains related to the tertiary interactions in addition to the symmetry between long helical domains. The different patterns on the plot are interpreted in terms of helix-helix, loop-helix and loop-loop interactions. PMID- 7138510 TI - Effects of Mg2+, Ca2+ and Mn2+ on sheep liver cytoplasmic aldehyde dehydrogenase. AB - Sheep liver cytoplasmic aldehyde dehydrogenase is strongly inhibited by Mg2+, Ca2+ and Mn2+. The inhibition is only partial, however, with 8-15% of activity remaining at high concentrations of these agents. In 50 mM-Tris/Hcl, pH 7.5, the concentrations giving half-maximal effect were: Mg2+, 6.5 micrometers; Ca2+, 15.2 micrometers; Mn2+, 1.5 micrometer. The esterase activity of the enzyme is not affected by such low metal ion concentrations, but appears to be activated by high concentrations. Fluorescence-titration and stopped-flow experiments provide evidence for interaction of Mg2+ with NADH complexes of the enzyme. As no evidence for the presence of increased concentrations of functioning active centres was obtained in the presence of Mg2+, it is concluded that effects of Mg2+ (and presumably Ca2+ and Mn2+ also) are brought about by trapping increased concentrations of NADH in a Mg2+-containing complex. This complex must liberate products more slowly than any of the complexes involved in the non-inhibited mechanism. PMID- 7138512 TI - DNA strand scission activity of metalloporphyrins. PMID- 7138513 TI - Modification of the cysteine residues of cytochrome P-450cam with 2 bromoacetamido-4-nitrophenol. PMID- 7138514 TI - Protein phosphorylation system in bovine brain cytosol dependent on calcium and calmodulin. PMID- 7138515 TI - Distribution of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) in human plasma lipoprotein fractions. Evidence for the association of active LCAT with low density lipoproteins. PMID- 7138516 TI - A new mechanism for the terminal stages of complement hemolysis based on kinetic and thermodynamic rationales. PMID- 7138517 TI - Evidence for the occurrence of one-step activation in porcine pepsinogen. PMID- 7138518 TI - Glycosaminoglycan synthesis by mammary tumor spheroids. PMID- 7138519 TI - Femtosecond photodissociation and picosecond recombination of O2 in myoglobin: a plausible explanation for the low quantum yield in MbO2. PMID- 7138520 TI - The mechanism of inorganic phosphate-mediated inhibition of calf thymus DNA polymerase beta and Rauscher leukemia virus dna polymerase. PMID- 7138521 TI - Regulation of eukaryotic protein synthesis by protein kinases that phosphorylate initiation factor eIF-2: further evidence for a common mechanism of inhibition of protein synthesis. PMID- 7138522 TI - Degradation of cholesterol to propionic acid by rat liver peroxisomes. PMID- 7138523 TI - Influence of the N- and C-terminal tails on the structure of the globular head of histone H1. PMID- 7138524 TI - Identification of a glycine transporter from pea leaf mitochondria. PMID- 7138528 TI - Multiwavelength analysis of the aldehyde hydration of pyridoxal phosphate: a stopped flow study. PMID- 7138525 TI - Cytotoxic effect of unilamellar detergent dialysis liposomes on Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma congolense bloodstream forms in vitro. PMID- 7138526 TI - A new approach (cyano-transfer) for cyanogen bromide activation of Sepharose at neutral pH, which yields activated resins, free of interfering nitrogen derivatives. PMID- 7138527 TI - Suicidal inactivation of microsomal cytochrome P-450 by halothane under hypoxic conditions. PMID- 7138529 TI - A hairpin-shaped peptide conformation stabilized by multiple intramolecular H bonds for a linear alternating D,L hexapeptide. PMID- 7138530 TI - Purification of highly bindable rat brain hexokinase by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). PMID- 7138531 TI - Photoaffinity labelling of juvenile hormone binding proteins in the cockroach Leucophaea maderae. PMID- 7138532 TI - Study of proton translocation in chloroplasts--a new approach. PMID- 7138533 TI - Elicitation of cellular response by bioactive ligands: nonequilibrium effects. PMID- 7138534 TI - Characterization of sub-genomic double-stranded RNAs from virus-infected plants. PMID- 7138535 TI - A novel fluor in insoluble collagen: a crosslinking moiety in collagen molecule. PMID- 7138536 TI - The characterisation of a novel hydroxindole glucosinolate. PMID- 7138537 TI - Affinity directed reactions of 3-trimethylaminomethyl catechol with the acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo californica. PMID- 7138538 TI - The determinants of the changes in fluorescence of 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid induced in particle systems. PMID- 7138539 TI - ANS fluorescence as an indicator of ANS-dependent Mg2+ transport in energized mitochondrial particles. PMID- 7138541 TI - Structural comparisons among glycosaminoglycans to promote an acrosome reaction in bovine spermatozoa. PMID- 7138542 TI - Kinetic studies on the ligand binding of glycosylated hemoglobin. PMID- 7138543 TI - A novel methoxyindole glucosinolate. PMID- 7138540 TI - Is thiobenzamide a specific substrate for the microsomal FAD-containing monooxygenase? PMID- 7138545 TI - Bovine flexor tendon contains aggregating proteoglycan similar to that of cartilage. PMID- 7138544 TI - Inhibition of the dephosphorylation of HMG CoA reductase by its substrates. PMID- 7138546 TI - Activation of lymphocyte glycogen phosphorylase by mitogens. PMID- 7138547 TI - Respiratory control and the basis of light-induced inhibition of respiration in chromatophores from Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. PMID- 7138548 TI - Inhibition of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide peroxide formation by superoxide dismutase. PMID- 7138549 TI - Proton translocation and proline uptake associated with reduction of nitric oxide by denitrifying Paracoccus denitrificans. PMID- 7138551 TI - Schism and complementation of hexose-mediated transport regulation as illustrated in a fibroblast mutant lacking phosphoglucose-isomerase. PMID- 7138550 TI - Dissection of cytochrome P-450 isozymes (RLM) from fractions of untreated rat liver microsomal proteins. PMID- 7138552 TI - Solution conformation of the double helix formed by Dickerson's dodecamer d(CGCGAATTCGCG): a theoretical proton NMR study. PMID- 7138553 TI - Fractionation of biologically active messenger RNAs by HPLC gel filtration. PMID- 7138554 TI - Adaptation of the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 to serum free medium culture on extracellular matrix. PMID- 7138557 TI - The interaction of local anaesthetics with synthetic phospholipid bilayers. AB - The preferred position and orientation of two local anaesthetics in lipid bilayers has been determined using fluorescence quenching techniques. The aromatic amine of tetracaine and butesin quenches the fluorescence of a series of n-(9-anthroyloxy) fatty acids (n = 2,6,9,12,16) which place a fluorophore at a graded series of depths from the surface to the centre of a bilayer. A fluorescence method is used to resolve partition coefficients in the transverse plane of the membrane. The results show that the anaesthetics take up a distribution of positions about one or more preferred maxima. The aromatic amine group of tetracaine appears to be buried deep in the bilayer whereas the same group in butesin assumes positions at the surface as well as in the interior of the membrane. PMID- 7138555 TI - The action of aldosterone and ouabain on cation concentrations in incubated renal slices. AB - Studies have been made on the effects of aldosterone and ouabain on Na+ and K+ concentrations in incubated rat kidney slices. The results indicate that, control slices gained Na+ over the first 10 min of incubation and subsequently extruded it, with increase in incubation time. In the presence of aldosterone, the same pattern was observed as with control slices, but tissue Na+ concentrations were significantly higher at all times. In the presence of ouabain, slices accumulated Na+ continuously, but in the presence of both drugs, tissue Na+ concentrations were not as high as with ouabain alone. Both aldosterone and ouabain increased the loss of cell K+ whereas control slices reaccumulated their intracellular K+ concentration, with increase in incubation time. The results suggest that aldosterone may have an actual mechanism of action in the renal tubule: either by activating two Na+, K+ pumps located on the luminal and serosal membranes, respectively, or by enhancing luminal membrane permeability, and at the same time stimulating Na+, K+-ATPase on the serosal membrane. PMID- 7138556 TI - Probes of eukaryotic DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II-II. Covalent binding of two purine nucleoside dialdehydes to the initiation subsite. AB - The catalytic center of wheat germ DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II (nucleosidetriphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.6) as a model eukaryotic enzyme system was probed with two purine nucleoside dialdehydes, 6 methylthioinosinedicarboxaldehyde (MMPR-OP) and a derivative 6 [(acetylaminoethyl)-1-naphthylamine-5-sulfonyl]thioinosinedicarboxaldehyde (AMPR OP). Both drugs gave noncompetitive inhibition with respect to [3H]UMP incorporations into RNA, and inhibitor bindings were reversed with initiation substrates. The Ki values for MMPR-OP and AMPR-OP were determined to be 0.64 mM and 1.0 muM respectively. The drugs were covalently bound to the catalytic center by NaBH4 reduction. Both were found bound to the largest enzyme subunit, IIa. It is tentatively concluded that MMPR-OP and AMPR-OP inhibit RNA polymerase II by binding to an essential lysine in the initiation subsite of the catalytic center located on the IIa subunit. PMID- 7138558 TI - The role of the gut flora in the reduction of sulphinpyrazone in the rat. AB - Sulphinpyrazone underwent both reduction to a sulphide and oxidation to a sulphone after parenteral administration to normal Wistar rats. Oral administration was associated with a bioavailability of about 75% and with a 3 fold greater formation of the sulphide. However, no sulphide was detected in the plasma after oral administration of sulphinpyrazone to germ-free (BD/X) rats or normal rats treated with oral antibiotics. In vitro studies showed that the major site of reduction of sulphinpyrazone was the contents of the hind gut with little activity detected in the liver or other tissues. The sulphide was oxidised in vivo to sulphinpyrazone and small amounts of sulphone, while the latter underwent only slight reduction to sulphinpyrazone, but did not give detectable levels of the sulphide. These data suggest that the gut microflora are the main site of reduction of sulphinpyrazone in the rat in vivo. PMID- 7138560 TI - Effect of diethyl maleate on the biliary excretion rate of infused sulfobromophthalein-glutathione. AB - Diethyl maleate (DEM) was given intraperitoneally to rats in a dose (4.3 mmoles/kg) known to markedly decrease glutathione levels in liver. DEM induced a choleresis previously shown to be due to the osmotic activity of DEM conjugates (DEM-glutathione and subsequent metabolic products) excreted into bile. Coincident with the choleresis, the biliary excretory Tm for the infused glutathione conjugate of sulfobromophthalein (BSP-GSH) was depressed significantly. The data are interpreted as indicating that DEM-GSH conjugates compete with BSP-GSH conjugates for a canalicular carrier mechanism. PMID- 7138561 TI - On the existence of arylamine sulphotransferase activity. PMID- 7138559 TI - The effect of weak bases on lysosomal enzyme secretion by mononuclear phagocytes. AB - NH4Cl induces a dose-dependent secretion of lysosomal enzymes by mouse peritoneal macrophages and human peripheral blood monocytes. The mechanism of NH4Cl stimulated hexosaminidase release is distinct from that initiated by the inflammatory stimulus, zymosan. The spontaneous lysosomal secretion of the continuous murine macrophage-like cell line, P388D1, is inhibited by up to 50% in the presence of NH4Cl and other weak bases. PMID- 7138562 TI - Inhibitory effect of tranylcypromine on hepatic drug metabolism in the rat. PMID- 7138563 TI - Synthesis of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-aminoimidazole: a ring-intact reduction product of metronidazole. PMID- 7138564 TI - Membrane alterations associated with progressive adriamycin resistance. PMID- 7138565 TI - Variations in the kinetic pattern of astrocytic gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake when inhibited by different barbiturates. PMID- 7138566 TI - Lack of morphine effect on potassium-stimulated calcium uptake by whole brain synaptosomes. PMID- 7138567 TI - Elevation of arterial blood pressure in conscious dogs by Des-Tyr1-D-Ala2-leucine enkephalinamide. PMID- 7138568 TI - The effect of alkylating agents and other drugs on the accumulation of melphalan by murine L1210 leukaemia cells in vitro. AB - The effect of cytotoxic and other drugs on the accumulation of melphalan by L1210 murine leukaemia cells was studied. We have confirmed that uptake is an active process competitively inhibited by L-leucine. In 36 experiments in amino acid free medium the mean concentration of melphalan taken up was 225 pmoles/10(6) cells. High pressure liquid chromatographic analysis showed that the majority of the drug is present as free native melphalan. 1,3-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-1 nitrosourea (BCNU) was the only drug that stimulated accumulation, but without significant effect on influx or efflux rates. Busulphan, chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide, interferon, methotrexate and prednisolone had no effect on accumulation after 30 min melphalan transport. Adriamycin, CCNU, methyl CCNU, mustine and vincristine all impaired melphalan accumulation as did the non cytotoxic drugs aminophylline, chlorpromazine and ouabain. Adriamycin, aminophylline, chloropromazine, indomethacin and ouabain all reduced melphalan influx. PMID- 7138569 TI - Rapid oxidation of NADPH via the reconstituted malate-aspartate shuttle in systems containing mitochondrial and soluble fractions of rat liver: implications for ethanol metabolism. AB - In an attempt to assess whether hydrogen shuttle capacity might serve as the rate limiting factor in the hepatic oxidation of ethanol, the malate-aspartate shuttle was reconstituted in systems containing mitochondrial and soluble fractions of rat liver. Oxidation of NADH was stimulated slightly by the addition of either glutamate or malate but when both substrates were added the stimulation was far stronger. This effect was greatly enhanced by aspartate indicating that, when not added to the system, extramitochondrial aspartate was limiting. It was found that the rate of oxidation of NADH was directly related to the amount of mitochondrial protein present but extramitochondrial reactions became restrictive when the 'soluble protein/mitochondrial protein' ratio fell below 0.8. When calculated on a whole tissue basis the maximum rate of oxidation of NADH by the reconstituted shuttle was substantially higher than reported rates of ethanol oxidation in vivo. The results are discussed in relation to the normal control of ethanol metabolism. PMID- 7138570 TI - Some properties of monoamine oxidase and a semicarbazide sensitive amine oxidase capable of the deamination of 5-hydroxytryptamine from porcine dental pulp. AB - The deamination of 5-hydroxytryptamine, tryptamine and benzylamine by porcine dental pulp membrane preparations is brought about not only by monoamine oxidase, but also by a clorgyline (and deprenyl) resistant), semicarbazide sensitive enzyme. The semicarbazide sensitive enzyme was also inhibited by aminoguanidine, hydroxylamine and phenylhydrazine, but was not affected to any significant extent by incubation at 50 degrees for up to 100 min. There was, on the other hand, considerable inhibition of monoamine oxidase activity after incubation at this temperature. The semicarbazide sensitive enzyme neither metabolised, nor was inhibited by putrescine or cadaverine. Mixed substrate experiments indicated that 5-hydroxytryptamine and tryptamine interacted at the same catalytic centre on the semicarbazide sensitive enzyme. PMID- 7138571 TI - Spectral interaction of orphenadrine and its metabolites with oxidized and reduced hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 in the rat. PMID- 7138572 TI - The human blood platelet: a cellular model to study the degradation of thymidine and its inhibition. AB - Intact platelets catabolize extracellular thymidine into thymine. Studies of the concentration dependent degradation of thymidine by intact platelets indicate a Michaelis mechanism with an apparent Km of about 0.12 mM and a Vmax of 2.5 nmoles/min for 3 X 10(8) platelets. This degradation process is inhibited by various nucleosides, pyrimidine bases and C-5 or C-6 substituted uracils. Cytidine, deoxycytidine, adenosine and deoxyadenosine seem to inhibit thymidine degradation by reducing the intracellular transport of thymidine. Uridine inhibits both the thymidine transport and the activity of the phosphorolytic enzyme, thymidine phosphorylase (EC 2.4.2.4). Some substituted uracils are specific inhibitors of thymidine phosphorylase activity. 6-Amino-5-bromouracil, the most active of them, either with acellular extracts or purified thymidine phosphorylase, is also the best inhibitor of thymidine degradation in intact human platelets. Platelets constitute a new model to study the efficiency of specific inhibitors on thymidine catabolism in an 'human intact cell' which contains only one pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase, the thymidine phosphorylase. PMID- 7138573 TI - Conditions associated with the appearance of guanine nucleotide-dependent adenylate cyclase activity in turkey erythrocyte membranes. AB - The mechanisms involved in the activation of adenylate cyclase in turkey erythrocyte membranes may include the release of inhibitory nucleotides from the guanine nucleotide regulatory protein (N) and the subsequent formation of an active GTP-N complex. We have studied the conditions required for the appearance of guanine nucleotide-dependent adenylate cyclase activity in turkey erythrocyte membranes in an effort to understand further the mechanisms involved in its activation. Turkey erythrocyte membranes, whose adenylate cyclase enzyme is usually poorly responsive to the direct actions of GTP or its analogue, Gpp(NH)p, became markedly responsive after previous exposure to isoproterenol in a sucrose containing buffer. Without sucrose, isoproterenol alone did not lead to Gpp(NH)p responsiveness. Maximum expression of Gpp(NH)p-dependent adenylate cyclase activity required prior incubation with both GMP and isoproterenol. The requirement for sucrose when isoproterenol was used without GMP was lost when GMP was present. With or without GMP, isoproterenol induced a half-maximum effect after 5 min at 37 degrees. The development and maintenance of Gpp(NH)p-dependent adenylate cyclase activity was mediated, in part, by beta-adrenergic receptors. Following a 10-min incubation period with isoproterenol and GMP, the addition of the beta-adrenergic inhibitor, propranolol, for 4 additional min completely reversed the stimulation produced by isoproterenol and GMP. In addition, high affinity agonist binding to beta-receptors was necessary, but not sufficient, for the development of Gpp(NH)p responsiveness. PMID- 7138574 TI - Drug binding defect of uraemic plasma: unlikely involvement of carbamoylated albumin. AB - Carbamoylation of bovine and human albumin in vitro decreased the binding of methyl red and salicylic acid. Charcoal extraction of the carbamoylated albumin under acid conditions produced some decrease in the degree of carbamoylation, but did not substantially improve the binding of methyl red and salicylate. Albumin from rats with glycerol-induced renal failure showed no significant degree of carbamoylation compared to controls. Carbamoylation is not responsible for the binding defect of uraemic rat plasma, nor is likely to be involved in the case of human uraemic plasma. PMID- 7138575 TI - The role of isocyanates in the toxicity of antitumour haloalkylnitrosoureas. AB - The cytotoxicity of the antitumour nitrosoureas BCNU and CCNU and the isocyanates which they liberate (chloroethylisocyanate and cyclohexylisocyanate respectively) has been measured utilising an in vitro-in vivo bioassay. Lines of the TLX5 lymphoma and L1210 leukaemia were used which were either sensitive or resistant to nitrosoureas in vivo. An estimated logarithmic cell kill produced by each compound in vitro (before injecting the cells into animals) was calculated by reference to assays of the survival time of animals given from 2 X 10(5) to 2 X 10(0) cells of each line. Resistance to both BCNU and CCNU was observed in vitro in the cell lines of the TLX5 lymphoma made resistant to either BCNU or a dimethyltriazene in vivo. The latter tumour was cross-resistant in vivo to nitrosoureas. Resistance in vitro to nitrosoureas was also observed in a line of L1210 leukaemia which had had resistance to BCNU induced in vivo. The nitrosourea resistant TLX5 lymphomas were cross-resistant in vitro to both cyclohexylisocyanate and chloroethylisocyanate whereas the nitrosourea resistant L1210 line showed no cross-resistance to cyclohexylisocyanate and marginal cross resistance to chloroethylisocyanate. The results suggest that the TLX5 lymphoma, which is naturally resistant to alkylating agents of the 2-chloroethylamine type, may be sensitive to in vivo to nitrosoureas as a consequence of the intracellular release of isocyanates. This hypothesis was supported by the finding that the resistant TLX5 lymphoma showed no cross-resistance to other electrophilic agents, for example formaldehyde, monomethyltriazene or HN2. The transport of nitrosoureas into the sensitive and resistant cell lines was similar in profile and there was no difference in the concentration of non-protein thiols. PMID- 7138576 TI - Increases in cytochrome p-450 in cultured hepatocytes mediated by 3- and 4-carbon alcohols. AB - The amount of cytochrome P-450 was increased to different extents after treatment of cultured chick embryo hepatocytes with n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, or isobutanol. These increases were associated with increases in benzphetamine demethylase activity, a cytochrome P-450-catalyzed oxidation, and glucuronidation of phenol red, catalyzed by UDP-glucuronyl transferase. The responses were similar to those obtained with ethanol or propylisopropylacetamide, which the phenobarbital-like inducers. Pretreatment of cells with cycloheximide prevented the increases in both cytochrome P-450 and glucuronidation of phenol red, indicating that protein synthesis was required for these responses. PMID- 7138577 TI - Metabolism of tamoxifen by isolated rat hepatocytes: anti-estrogenic activity of tamoxifen N-oxide. PMID- 7138579 TI - Effect of carbon tetrachloride-induced soluble protein on microsomal NADPH oxidase activity of rat liver. PMID- 7138580 TI - On the mechanism of presynaptic autoreceptor-mediated inhibition of transmitter synthesis in dopaminergic nerve terminals. PMID- 7138581 TI - On the turnover of acetylcholine in mouse brain: influence of dose size of deuterium labelled choline given as precursor. PMID- 7138578 TI - Diuretic action of BTS 39542 (dihydrophthalazin-1-ylacetic acid) is consistent with inhibition of Na + K + Cl cotransport. PMID- 7138582 TI - Selenium- and non-selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidases in mouse liver. PMID- 7138585 TI - Mode of action of 3-substituted propylamine cytotoxicity in culture cells. AB - Cytotoxic effects on MDBK cells of various 3-substituted propylamines, including spermine and spermidine, were tested in culture in the presence of calf serum, and the possible mode of action was studied from the viewpoint of oxidative deamination leading to acrolein formation. The compounds were roughly classified in two groups with IC50 values of 0.1 and 0.4 mM under the conditions used. Phenyl derivatives of 3-substituted propylamines, 3-benzylaminopropylamine, and polyamines were included in the first group with IC50 values of 0.1 mM, and acrolein was liberated from these compounds after incubation with bovine plasma amine oxidase. Alkyl derivatives of 3-substituted propylamines (with IC50 values of 0.4 mM), on the other hand, were unable to release acrolein after the oxidative deamination, which was further confirmed by a lack of liberation of acrolein from the authentic 3-butoxypropanal. These observations indicated that both the acrolein originating from the 3-substituted propanals, and the propanal as such, were possibly involved in manifestation of the cytotoxicity of the 3 substituted propylamines. Thus, spermine and spermidine may exert their cytotoxic effects on the cells in vitro by a combination of two mechanisms involving acrolein and oxidized polyamines. PMID- 7138583 TI - Inhibition of hepatic S-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and in vivo rates of lipogenesis by a mixture of pure cyclic monoterpenes. AB - A proprietary mixture of pure cyclic monoterpenes (Rowachol) inhibited hepatic HMGCoA reductase by 50-60% when measured 17 hr after the oral administration of a single dose to rats. The extent of this inhibition was independent of the normal activity range of HMGCoA reductase within its diurnal cycle and the same inhibition (65%) was found in 24 hr starved animals where the control reductase activity was less than 20% that of normal fed rats. De novo sterol and fatty acid synthesis in intact, fed rats was measured by incorporation of 3H from injected H2O. In rats treated with Rowachol the rate of sterol synthesis in vivo was inhibited 52% in liver and 44% in testis with no significant effects in other tissues. The synthesis of non sterol (isoprenoid) compounds in testis was unaffected and the inhibition of sterol synthesis in this tissue probably reflects decreased acquisition of newly synthesized material from liver rather than any effect on the endogenous process. In the same animals the rate of fatty acid synthesis was inhibited 55% in liver. These effects were associated with a significant depletion of liver glycogen which may account for the reduction in rate of fatty acid synthesis. We conclude that the reported cholelitholytic action of monoterpenes is associated with the physiological inhibition of hepatic sterol synthesis mediated by decrease HMGCoA reductase activity. PMID- 7138586 TI - Inhibition of serine proteases by steroids. AB - Proteolysis of 14C-labeled globin, as well as the hydrolysis of the specific substrate benzoyl tyrosine ethyl ester, by purified bovine chymotrypsin was found to be inhibited by several steroid hormones. The inhibition of chymotrypsin by the steroids was of a competitive nature, with Ki values of 9.9 x 10(-5) M for triamcinolone (9-fluoro-11 beta, 16 alpha, 17,21-tetrahydroxy-1,4-pregnadiene 3,20-dione), 1.6 x 10(-4) M for cortisol (11 beta, 17 alpha, 21-trihydroxypregn-4 ene-3,20-dione), 3.7 x 10(-4) M for testosterone (17 beta-hydroxy-4-androsten-3 one), 5.0 x 10(-4) M for dexamethasone (9-fluoro-11 beta, 17,21-trihydroxy-16 alpha-methyl-1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione) and 1.0 x 10(-4) M for epicortisol (11 alpha, 17,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione). The activity of purified bovine trypsin on its specific substrate, TAME (tosyl arginine methyl ester), also showed a similar pattern of inhibition by steroids. Both chymotrypsin and trypsin were found to bind 3H-labeled dexamethasone and cortisol. This binding was markedly inhibited by the general protease inhibitor, PMSF (phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride), whereas the chymotrypsin-specific inhibitor, TPCK (L-[1-tosyl-amido-2 phenyl]ethylchloromethyl ketone), inhibited only the steroid binding to chymotrypsin but not to trypsin. These observations indicate that serine proteases recognize steroid hormones in a fashion similar to the recognition of their specific substrates and that the steroids inhibit activity of these enzymes at their binding sites. PMID- 7138584 TI - Effect of ARA-C incorporation on deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in cells. AB - Recent work using isolated DNA polymerase-template complexes has shown that arabinofuranosyl derivatives con slow DNA synthesis by being incorporated into DNA. Our results suggest that these agents act by a similar mechanism in L1210 cells. The results demonstrate that inhibition of cellular DNA synthesis by cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) was significantly related to the extent of ara-C incorporation in DNA over a wide range of drug concentrations and times of exposure. Furthermore, treatment with increasing concentrations of ara-C resulted in a greater proportion of ara-C residues at the 3'-terminus of the elongating DNA chain. These observations suggest that ara-C incorporation results in poor primer termini for further chain elongation. PMID- 7138587 TI - The effect of local anaesthetics on the osmotic fragility of liposomes. PMID- 7138588 TI - Comparative effects of ketanserin, a novel serotonergic receptor antagonist, on 5HT-induced shape change and 5HT uptake in rat and human platelets. PMID- 7138589 TI - Inhibition and enhancement of mixed-fuction oxidases by nitrogen heterocycles. PMID- 7138590 TI - Nitrendipine increases sodium excretion in acutely saline-loaded rats. PMID- 7138591 TI - Studies on immune complexes. PMID- 7138592 TI - Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in cyanotic congenital heart disease: its prevalence and relationship to bypass of the lung. AB - The frequency of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in cyanotic congenital heart disease has previously been considered to be very low. Only a few isolated reports have described such an association. We studied 32 consecutive patients older than 6 years with various types of cyanotic congenital heart disease and examined each case for hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. We also assessed the role of the altered cardiopulmonary hemodynamics in the development of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy by means of cardiac catheterization. Our results showed that 31% of the patients had hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. When the hemodynamic parameters of the group of patients with hypertrophic osteoarthropathy were compared with those of the remaining patients, we found significant differences in the systemic blood flow (P less than or equal to 0.05), right-to-left shunt (P less than or equal to 0.05), and arterial oxygen unsaturation (P less than or equal to 0.005). Thus, we found a much higher prevalence of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease than has previously been recognized. The development of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy is related to the degree of bypass of the lung. This is consistent with the concept that hypertrophic osteoarthropathy results from mediators in the systemic venous circulation that escape inactivation in the pulmonary capillary bed. PMID- 7138594 TI - Tarsal arthritis with ankylosis in late onset Still's disease. PMID- 7138595 TI - Vertebral ankylosis in a patient with hereditary chondrocalcinosis: a chance association? PMID- 7138593 TI - Immobilization of the knee prevents osteoarthritis after anterior cruciate ligament transection. AB - The effect of immobilization of the knee in flexion on the development of osteoarthritis was studied in dogs that had undergone transection of the anterior cruciate ligament. Knees of dogs that were permitted ad libitum ambulation in a pen for 12 weeks after transection of the ligament showed osteophytes and fibrillation and a decrease in proteoglycan (uronic acid) content, although thickness of the articular cartilage was normal. Proteoglycan synthesis was 80% greater (P less than 0.01) than that in cartilage from the contralateral knee, and more than twice the normal proportion of the total proteoglycans was present in the medium of cultures of cartilage from the unstable knee (P less than 0.01). Similarly, the proportion of total tissue proteoglycans extracted with 0.4M guanidinium chloride was 3 times greater than normal (P less than 0.01). In contrast, osteophytes were not seen when the leg was immobilized in flexion immediately after transection of the ligament, and the articular surface remained intact. The cartilage became atrophic, however, and its proteoglycan content (uronic acid) was diminished; proteoglycan synthesis was decreased to 61% of the level in cartilage from the contralateral knee, although proteoglycan extractability was normal. Knee cartilage from these legs that were immobilized after transection, therefore, resembled that from dogs whose leg had been immobilized without cruciate ligament transection. In cartilage from all operated and/or immobilized joints the proportion of proteoglycans that interacted with hyaluronic acid in vitro was diminished, because of a defect in the hyaluronate binding region of the proteoglycan. PMID- 7138598 TI - Treatment of hip damage in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7138596 TI - Juvenile metabolic gout caused by chronic compensated hemolytic syndrome. PMID- 7138597 TI - Nifedipine in digital ulceration in scleroderma. PMID- 7138599 TI - Use of azathioprine for rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7138600 TI - The 1982 revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The 1971 preliminary criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were revised and updated to incorporate new immunologic knowledge and improve disease classification. The 1982 revised criteria include fluorescence antinuclear antibody and antibody to native DNA and Sm antigen. Some criteria involving the same organ systems were aggregated into single criteria. Raynaud's phenomenon and alopecia were not included in the 1982 revised criteria because of low sensitivity and specificity. The new criteria were 96% sensitive and 96% specific when tested with SLE and control patient data gathered from 18 participating clinics. When compared with the 1971 criteria, the 1982 revised criteria showed gains in sensitivity and specificity. PMID- 7138601 TI - Evidence for the local production and utilization of immune reactants in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Immunoglobulins, including rheumatoid factors, are produced by the rheumatoid synovial membrane. A significant contribution of the synovial membrane to the total IgG and IgM detected in the synovial fluid has been documented. The present study was designed to examine the contribution of the synovial membrane to the rheumatoid factors detected in the synovial fluid. Analysis of the data demonstrated that the synovial membrane was the source of a significant component of the total synovial fluid IgA rheumatoid factor and IgM rheumatoid factor. While some fluids possessed extremely elevated concentrations of the IgG rheumatoid factor, the data suggested that IgG rheumatoid factor was preferentially reduced, relative to total IgG, by the rheumatoid inflammatory process. These observations suggest a potentially important role for IgG rheumatoid factor in rheumatoid synovitis. PMID- 7138602 TI - Nonreducible rotational head tilt and lateral mass collapse. A prospective study of frequency, radiographic findings, and clinical features in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Of 126 hospitalized, but otherwise unselected, patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 12 (10%) had a persisting nonreducible rotational head tilt deformity (NRRHT). These 12 were grouped with an additional 12 similar subjects, previously found to have the same condition, and all 24 were compared with the remaining 114 who did not have head tilt. Patients with NRRHT differed significantly from the others in that the former were more likely to have a destructive peripheral arthritis, headache, limited neck motion, and various cervical subluxations. All 24 subjects with NRRHT had predominately unilateral collapse of the lateral masses of the atlas and/or axis, compared with only 2 of the 114 with normal head position. The head always tilted to the side of the lateral mass collapse, which appeared to be the sole or major cause of the abnormal head position. PMID- 7138603 TI - Adjuvant polyarthritis. VII. The role of type II collagen in pathogenesis. AB - The development of immune response in rats directed toward EL4 cells, after the injection of EL4 cells suspended in a saline/oil emulsion, was enhanced by the incorporation of Mycobacterium into the saline/oil emulsion; the incorporation of type II collagen into the saline-acetic acid/oil emulsion in concentrations ranging from 0.5-25 micrograms/ml had no apparent effect on the development of immune response. The incorporation of type II collagen into the saline-acetic acid/oil emulsion at higher concentrations (100 micrograms and 1.0 mg/ml) significantly suppressed both the humoral and the cell-mediated immune response. Pretreatment of rats with the maximal subarthritiogenic dose of complete Freund's adjuvant prevented the development of arthritis in response to a subsequent injection of an arthritogenic dose of the same adjuvant, but had no effect on the development of type II collagen-induced arthritis. These observations suggest that adjuvant arthritis and the type II collagen-induced arthritis are distinctly different diseases. PMID- 7138607 TI - Localized myositis presenting as pseudothrombophlebitis. PMID- 7138606 TI - Hemorrhagic bursitis and bone crises in chronic adult Gaucher's disease: a case report. PMID- 7138604 TI - Aspirin aggravates the degeneration of canine joint cartilage caused by immobilization. AB - The effect of aspirin on the degeneration of knee cartilage caused by immobilization was examined. If dogs were fed aspirin daily (serum salicylate = 20-25 mg/dl) for 6 weeks while one hind limb was immobilized in a cast, the decreases in uronic acid content and net proteoglycan synthesis in cartilage from the immobilized knee were significantly greater than the decreases in cartilage from immobilized knees of dogs that had not received aspirin (P less than 0.01). Furthermore, neither aspirin administration nor immobilization alone affected the extractability of proteoglycans from the cartilage. However, in organ cultures of cartilage from the immobilized knee of dogs fed aspirin, the proportion of the total 35S-proteoglycans present in the culture medium was nearly twice that from cultures of cartilage of the contralateral knee. Also, more than twice as many of the total tissue proteoglycans (uronic acid) were extractable with 0.4 M guanidinium chloride, a nondissociating solvent (P less than 0.01). Regardless of whether the dogs received aspirin, the in vitro interaction of proteoglycans with hyaluronic acid from cartilage of the immobilized knee was diminished, apparently due to an abnormality in the hyaluronate-binding region of the core protein. Although these results indicate that aspirin had an adverse effect in vivo on articular cartilage of immobilized joint, aspirin administration did not preclude reversal of all of the above changes if the dog was allowed to walk about in a pen for 3 weeks after cast removal. If, however, the dog was run daily on a treadmill for 3 weeks after cast removal, the decrease in uronic acid content in cartilage from the immobilized knee persisted and was more profound if the animal had received aspirin than if it had not (P less than 0.01). PMID- 7138608 TI - Superior, posterior, and lateral displacement of C1 in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7138605 TI - Serum eosinophilotactic activity in eosinophilic fasciitis. AB - Serum eosinophil chemotactic activity was determined by the Boyden chamber technique in 20 patients with eosinophilic fasciitis. Increased eosinophil chemotactic activity (greater than 125% of background) was found in all 20 patients (mean 297% +/- 129), whereas sera of 20 controls with systemic sclerosis and diffuse scleroderma had increased eosinophil chemotactic activity in only 6 (30%) instances (mean 96% +/- 47, P less than 0.001). Although serum eosinophil chemotactic activity decreased over time in all 8 eosinophilic fasciitis patients studied longitudinally, this activity returned to normal in only 3, all of whom received prolonged courses of corticosteroids. Preliminary data suggest the existence of a eosinophilotactic serum factor common to patients with eosinophilic fasciitis. PMID- 7138609 TI - Rheumatoid synovial cyst of the hip. PMID- 7138610 TI - Spontaneous hemarthrosis in a patient treated with hemodialysis for chronic renal failure. PMID- 7138611 TI - Systemic lupus erythematous triggered by diphenylhydantoin. PMID- 7138612 TI - Azathioprine-induced hypotension with oliguria. PMID- 7138613 TI - HLA specificities and psoriatic arthritis. PMID- 7138614 TI - Treatment of uremic hypertriglyceridaemia with bezafibrate. AB - Elevated triglycerides (TG) in serum and in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and a high cholesterol concentration in VLDL but low concentration in high density lipoproteins (HDL), are some characteristics of chronic, non-nephrotic renal failure (CRF). We have given the clofibrate analogue bezafibrate in a reduced dosage, calculated from individual single dose administrations of bezafibrate, to 12 patients with CRF, to treat their abnormal lipid levels. Serum TG were lowered by 40% due to a decrease in the VLDL fraction by 49%. High levels of LDL cholesterol were lowered, while low levels increased during treatment. HDL cholesterol increased by 17%. Studies of the removal rate of TG-rich particles from the blood and of adipose tissue metabolism could not explain the changes in serum lipids. No subjective or objective side effects from the drug were seen. An individualized dosage of bezafibrate and repeated checks of the serum concentrations of the drug are recommended during long-term treatment of uremic patients. PMID- 7138615 TI - Lipid analysis in non-fasting diabetics. AB - Serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were measured in diabetic and non-diabetic inpatients in the fasting state and at 1, 2, 2 1/2 and 3 hours after breakfast. No significant changes in these parameters were observed during this period. It is suggested that the use of non-fasting samples for lipid analysis in cardiovascular disease studies is feasible. PMID- 7138616 TI - In vitro reciprocal exchange of apoproteins and nonpolar lipids between human high density lipoproteins and an artificial triglyceride-phospholipid emulsion (Intralipid). AB - To determine the nature of lipid and apoprotein exchange between human high density lipoproteins (HDL) and Intralipid particles of Sf greater than 400 (ILIP) we have studied their in vitro interaction during incubation in aqueous buffer and in lipoprotein-deficient serum (LPDS). We found that ILIP acquires apo A-I, apo A-IV and apo E from LPDS, and that this uptake is inhibited by the presence of HDL, which readily donate C-apoproteins to the ILIP surface. In the absence of LPDS exchange of only polar lipids occurred between ILIP and HDL, with HDL gaining phospholipid from, and donating free cholesterol to this fat emulsion. In the presence of LPDS the exchange of nonpolar lipids occurred between the two particles: in the case of HDL, cholesteryl ester content decreased, accompanied by an increase in triglyceride, causing a decrease in the hydrated density of the lipoprotein and an increase in its molecular weight; in the case of ILIP, reciprocal changes in lipid content were seen as a loss of triglyceride and the appearance of cholesteryl esters. When compared to literature data, our findings indicate that Intralipid Sf greater than 400 particles exhibit an in vitro behavior which is remarkably similar to that of nascent chylomicrons with respect to the exchange of A- and C-apoproteins and surface polar lipids with HDL. We postulate that since ILIP and HDL can participate in a LPDS-dependent exchange of non-polar core lipids, that this process may occur when this fat emulsion is administered in vivo. PMID- 7138619 TI - Hypertensive arterial disease and atherogenesis. Part. 1. Intimal changes in the old, spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). AB - The histological, ultrastructural and permeability aspects of the intima in 60 70 week-old spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto normotensive (WK) rats were studied and compared. The intima of aorta, coronary and renal arteries was unequally thickened owing to the smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration and proliferation, blood cell immigration and endothelial cell activation. The present work describes intimal changes that may act as potential atherogenic factors, i.e. hyper-reactivity of endothelial cells; decreased thinness of endothelial cell periphery; reduced intercellular junction pathways; increased quantity of basement lamina and glycosaminoglycan subendothelial material; platelet and monocyte-macrophage infiltration; widened fenestrae in the internal elastic lamina, and smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation. These changes might possibly be able to reduce the atheroresistance of this species by reducing the barrier function, increasing the trapping effect and stimulating smooth muscle cell proliferation and fibrogenesis. They are believed to promote the development of arterial lipidosis when hyperlipemia is an added risk factor. PMID- 7138618 TI - Effects of fibrin and fibrinogen-degradation products on the growth of rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells in culture. AB - Fibrin contains a factor which promotes growth of the mesenchymal cells and such may be related tissue repair. Effects of fibrin and fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) on the growth of smooth muscle cells (SMC) of rabbit aortas in culture were investigated, in relation to atherogenesis. Fibrin, free from plasminogen enhanced the proliferation of SMC during the experimental period of 48 h. Fibrin, rich in plasminogen also stimulated the proliferation of SMC within 24 h, but inhibited it after 48 h. FDP (fragments D and E) inhibited the proliferation of SMC. SMC of rabbit aortas demonstrated plasminogen activator activity. Thrombin and urokinase exhibited no promoting effects on the growth of SMC. These results support the hypothesis that the proliferation of SMC is stimulated by fibrin and later inhibited by FDP, as produced by the fibrinolytic activity of SMC. It is proposed that the metabolism of fibrin in the arterial wall may be of importance in the regulation of SMC proliferation and that the coagulation-fibrinolysis system may play a significant role in atherogenesis. PMID- 7138620 TI - Coronary artery disease in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. AB - Serum lipids, lipoproteins and Achilles tendon thickness in 52 patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) were investigated in order to clarify what are the important factors for the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) in heterozygous FH patients. There were no significant differences in the average concentration of total cholesterol and triglyceride between the patients with and those without CAD. The HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) level was significantly lower in patients with CAD than in those without, and the HDL-C value was within the normal range in most of the patients with heterozygous FH, if not associated with CAD. Although most of the males aged over 50 years had CAD and a decreased level of HDL-C, many of the aged females were without signs of CAD. The HDL-C value of heterozygous FH patients with CAD was significantly lower compared with the age-matched group without CAD. The Achilles tendon was thicker in patients with CAD than in those without CAD, both for males and females, although it was less closely correlated with the incidence of CAD than HDL-C or the atherogenic index. A forecast concerning the development of CAD in heterozygous FH may be possible if we consider multiple parameters, such as HDL C, atherogenic index, Achilles tendon thickness, etc. PMID- 7138617 TI - Immunoglobulin as the major low density lipoprotein binding protein in plasma. AB - Plasma from normal humans and Chinese hamsters was shown to contain material which binds to low density lipoproteins (LDL). The binding capacity of these plasmas was demonstrated by passive hemagglutination against human LDL-coated red blood cells. The plasmas were fractionated by affinity chromatography, gel filtration and electrophoresis. Immunologic analyses of these fractions showed that IgM and IgA were the major plasma proteins responsible for the LDL binding titers of human and hamster plasmas. The titer of binding protein in diabetic and non-diabetic humans and hamsters was also determined. PMID- 7138621 TI - Apolipoprotein and lipoprotein concentrations in familial apolipoprotein C-II deficiency. AB - Lipoprotein and apolipoprotein concentrations were determined in 11 homozygous and 9 heterozygous subjects for familial apolipoprotein C-II (Apo C-II) deficiency. Apo C-II was not detectable in the homozygotes, with the exception of 1 subject who possessed immunochemically detectable quantities in one of two samples. Apolipoproteins C-III (Apo C-III) and E (Apo E) were elevated 2-3-fold in 9 of 11 homozygotes. Apo C-III, but not Apo E, correlated with triglyceride levels (1500-4100 mg/dl). However, both Apo C-III and Apo E correlated with the cholesterol levels and one another. Apolipoproteins A-I (Apo A-I), A-II (Apo A II) and B (Apo B) were reduced to approximately 50-60% of normal values in association with very low levels of cholesterol in high density (HDL; 11 +/- 2 mg/dl) and low density (LDL; 19 +/- 6 mg/dl) lipoproteins in the homozygous subjects. These alterations were associated with a marked decrease in the proportion of plasma Apo C-III associated with HDL. The levels of apolipoprotein D (Apo D) were within the normal range. Nine obligate heterozygotes had Apo C-II concentrations (mean 1.8 +/- 0.5 mg/dl; range 1.2-2.7 mg/dl) which were approximately 40-50% of normal values (mean 2.9 +/- 0.9 mg/dl; range 1.7-5.6 mg/dl). The reduction in absolute amounts of Apo C-II was also reflected in a reduction of the ratio Apo C-II/Apo C-III in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and in a reduction in the ability of the sera to activate skim milk lipoprotein lipase. The concentrations of Apo A-II, Apo B, Apo C-III and Apo E were normal. Apo A-I concentrations were normal or slightly low in association with slightly reduced concentrations of HDL cholesterol and a low proportion of plasma Apo C III in HDL in relation to LDL and VLDL in some heterozygotes. It is concluded that the marked alterations in the apolipoprotein levels in homozygous subjects are primarily a reflection of the deficiency of Apo C-II which results in severe hypertriglyceridemia. In heterozygotes, the partial deficiency of Apo C-II appears to result in a minor disturbance of the clearance of the triglycerides and Apo C-III rich particles but no marked changes in the concentrations of total lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in fasting plasma. PMID- 7138622 TI - Role of hepatic endothelial lipase in the metabolism of plasma HDL. PMID- 7138623 TI - Circulating immune complexes in cardiac disease. PMID- 7138624 TI - [Operative trauma of the bile duct in the treatment of lithiasis (thirty-two immediate and eighteen delayed repairs) ]. PMID- 7138625 TI - Cardiovascular effects of anxiety induced by interviewing young hypertensive male subjects. PMID- 7138626 TI - When public policy replaces private ethics. PMID- 7138627 TI - Air activation by an electron synchrotron. AB - The activation of 13N and 15O in air of the room housing the INS electron synchrotron was estimated. The total induced activity of 13N and 15O in the room was measured with an NaI(T1) scintillator to be 119.7 and 47.0 muCi, respectively, immediately after the operation of the electron synchrotron at 725 MeV electron energy and 176 W beam power. The operation was long enough for the steady-state concentrations of 13N and 15O to be reached. The generation of 13N and 15O was also evaluated, with only about 20% underestimation using a model calculation. In this calculation the emitted photon flux and distribution were calculated by the Monte-Carlo code, EGS, for electromagnetic cascade showers, and these photon distributions were multiplied by the (gamma, n) photoneutron reaction cross sections to calculate the production of 13N and 15O. From this analysis, it is clear that the usual method of estimating the photon spectrum at an electron accelerator, by using the forward bremsstrahlung spectrum of a thin target, is quite inaccurate when electrons are incident on a bulk structure or impinge on a magnet at a small angle of incidence. In such a case, one must consider that the photons are emitted mainly by backscattering, and have a considerably softer spectrum than the thin-target bremsstrahlung. PMID- 7138628 TI - The pattern of the lymphatic drainage of the rat epididymis. AB - The rat epididymis is drained by separate lymphatics which emerge from the head, the body and the tail and join to form a single vessel which drains into the main testicular trunk. The pattern of lymphatic drainage is very similar to that of the arterial blood supply. There are anastomoses at various levels between lymphatics draining the testis and the epididymis. A final common pathway of the lymph drainage of the testis and epididymis towards the para-aortic nodes is described. PMID- 7138629 TI - [Prevention of acute gastrointestinal stress ulcers]. PMID- 7138630 TI - Smoking and drug interactions. PMID- 7138632 TI - Absence of effect of potassium-magnesium aspartate on physiologic responses to prolonged work in aerobically trained men. AB - The effects of oral administration of potassium and magnesium aspartate (K + Mg Asp) on physiologic responses to 90 min of treadmill walking at approximately 62% VO2 max were evaluated in seven healthy males (VO2 max = 59.5 ml X kg-1 X min-1). A total of 7.2 g of K + Mg Asp were administered to each subject during a 24 h period prior to work and compared to control and placebo trials. For control, placebo, and K + Mg Asp trials, no significant differences were observed in resting or exercise values for ventilation (VE), oxygen uptake (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), respiratory exchange ratio (RO), heart rate (HR), or blood pressure (BP). In addition, there were no differences between the three trials for exercise-induced decreases in body weight and increases in rectal temperature, or for pre- and post-exercise alterations in serum lactic acid, creatine kinase, lactic dehydrogenase, and percentage change in plasma volume. The findings from this study indicate that oral ingestion of K+ Mg Asp prior to exercise had no effect on cardiorespiratory, hematologic, and metabolic responses to 90 min of work conducted at approximately 62% VO2 max. PMID- 7138633 TI - Periodic urine cytology surveillance of bladder tumor incidence in dyestuff workers. AB - The validity of urine cytology surveillance of occupational bladder tumor incidence was evaluated by reviewing the clinical history of nine bladder tumor cases found in dyestuff plant workers. A bladder tumor surveillance system has been organized for workers (179) active and 65 retired) who had been exposed to benzidine or beta-naphthylamine in the plant. The system consists of two-stage tests: periodic urine cytology as the first-stage screening test, followed by, in suspicious cases, urological examinations as second-stage tests. The urine cytology surveillance was found to be useful for two reasons: first, it detected tumors in five out of six cases surveyed by athe system, and second, four cases screened by cytology had tumors curable by transurethral operation, while other cases underwent cystectomy. Calculated average latent periods from the first and last exposure was 26.4 years (SD = 6.0) and 14.0 years (SD = 6.2), respectively. This time period indicates that the surveillance system should continue to be used for the exposed group even after workers have ceased being exposed. PMID- 7138631 TI - Studies on the effects of acetylcholine and antiepileptic drugs on 32PI incorporation into phospholipids of rat brain synaptosomes. AB - Studies were conducted on the effects of antiepileptic drugs on the acetylcholine stimulated 32P labeling of phospholipids in rat brain synaptosomes. Of the four antiepileptic drugs investigated in the present study, namely phenytoin, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, and valproate, only phenytoin blocked the acetylcholine-stimulated 32P labeling of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidic acid, and the acetylcholine-stimulated breakdown of polyphosphoinositides. Phenytoin alone, like atropine alone, had no effect on the 32P labeling of phospholipids nor on the specific radioactivity of [32P]ATP. Omission of Na+ drastically reduced both the 32P labeling of synaptosomal phospholipids and the specific radioactivity of [32P]ATP and furthermore it significantly decreased the phosphoinositide effect. It was concluded that certain antiepileptic drugs, such as phenytoin, could exert their pharmacological actions through their antimuscarinic effects. In addition the finding that phenytoin, which acts to regulate NA+ and Ca2+ permeability of neuronal membranes, also inhibited the phosphoinositide effects in synaptosomes, support the conclusions that Ca2+ and Na+ are probably involved in the molecular mechanism underlying this phenomenon in excitable tissues.U PMID- 7138634 TI - Community participation in "urban" water supply and sanitation systems. PMID- 7138635 TI - [International system of units: conversion factors]. PMID- 7138636 TI - [Cancer and human viruses. Advances and perspectives]. PMID- 7138637 TI - [Electrolytes in diabetic fetopathy]. PMID- 7138638 TI - [Celiac disease. ii. laboratory studies of 27 Brazilian children]. PMID- 7138639 TI - [Hemoculture and bone marrow culture in children with typhoid fever]. PMID- 7138640 TI - [Infantile dermatomyositis: apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 7138641 TI - [Disseminated intravascular coagulation, shock, and giant hemangioma in an adolescent]. PMID- 7138642 TI - [Recent advances in reconstructive surgery: microsurgery]. PMID- 7138643 TI - Pattern of recovery of oral and written expression and comprehension in aphasic patients. AB - Three hundred and eighty-eight aphasic patients (250 rehabilitated and 138 non rehabilitated) were subjected to a study whose aim was to analyze the relationship between recovery in 4 specific language skills: oral and written expression and comprehension. By means of Cohen's K coefficient of agreement we sought to ascertain whether recovery of one out of these language skills significantly affected recovery of the remaining 3 language modalities. In rehabilitated patients recovery of oral ad written comprehension and expression always turned out to be linked; in non-rehabilitated patients oral comprehension recovery was not associated with recovery of oral expression, reading and writing. Regarding the evolution of aphasia type, none of the experimental subjects changed from a fluent to a non-fluent form of aphasia. PMID- 7138644 TI - Fiber pathways associated with cerebellar self-stimulation in the rat: a retrograde and anterograde tracing study. AB - Intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) was obtained from an area of cerebellum just rostro-ventral to the fastigial nucleus. The acquisition of cerebellar ICSS was slow, although this depended in part on the type of operant task required. The afferent and efferent fiber connections of the region of cerebellum supporting ICSS were identified using silver-degeneration and horseradish peroxidase tracing techniques. Two major pathways, one ascending to the ventromedial thalamus and one descending to the paramedian reticular formation and the region of the solitary nucleus, are discussed as possible substrates of ICSS at sites in the cerebellum as well as from other pontine and medullary regions. PMID- 7138645 TI - Critical flicker frequency in monocularly deprived cats. AB - Critical flicker frequency (CFF) was determined for both eyes of long-term monocularly deprived (MD) cats over a wide luminance range. Although MD cats could discriminate flicker before and after lid opening, CFF of the deprived eye (30 Hz) was much lower than CFF of the non-deprived eye (40 Hz) and the CFF of the non-deprived eye was lower than a normal cat's monocular CFF (58 Hz). The CFF deficit of the deprived eye became less pronounced at low luminance levels. The observation (and magnitude) of a CFF deficit for the deprived eye is compatible with the reports of a Y-cell loss in LGNd. The CFF deficit of the non-deprived eye has no obvious explanation. PMID- 7138646 TI - Combined video and computer analysis of the relation between the hemispheric response and behavior. PMID- 7138647 TI - Joint mobility in children: a population study. AB - The mobility of five joint pairs ( metacarpophalangeal, wrist, elbow, knee and ankle) was investigated in 3,000 mixed school children of Bahia, Brazil. A sampling method was designed to assure an equal number of fifty children in the smallest classes, when age, race and sex were held constant. Race was classified in five subgroups to assess the proportion of Black admixture. Multiple regression was carried out to analyze the data. The results showed a consistent effect of age on decreasing joint mobility, The effect of race was also on decreasing mobility of wrist, elbow and ankle; the darker the child, the less the joint mobility. However, the effect of sex showed no general consistency; for wrist, elbow and knee the girls had more mobility than the boys; for the ankle the boys had more mobility than the girls; and the metacarpophalangeal joint there was no sex difference. The complexity of multicausal effects on joint mobility are discussed considering the simultaneous interplay of biological and environmental actions. PMID- 7138648 TI - Inbreeding in a South-American newborn series. AB - Parental consanguinity was investigated in a series of 16, 137 non-malformed newborn infants, ascertained in 64 hospitals, of 27 cities, in seven South American countries. Parental consanguinity was detected in 135 (0.84%) newborns, giving a mean inbreeding coefficient (a) of 0.00053. The subsamples for five of the seven countries (Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Uruguay, Venezuela) showed similar consanguinity rates, of about one per cent, an a ranging from 0.00040 to 0.00070, approximately. One country, Argentina, had a three times lower value for both indicators: consanguinity rate: 0.3%, a: 0.00011. Another country, Peru, could not be individually analyzed because of its small sample size. Considering the whole South-American sample, first cousin represented 60% of all consanguineous matings. Significantly more female than male intermediate ancestors were counted in the specified total of consanguineous matings, suggesting a preferential consanguineous mating pattern for urban South-American populations. PMID- 7138650 TI - Prominent satellites in oligophrenic, malformed patients: incidence, frequency of satellite associations and karyotype-phenotype comparisons. AB - Lymphocyte chromosome preparations from 51 malformed patients with idiopathic mental retardation were analyzed for presence or absence of prominent satellites, a high frequency (22%) of s+ variants being found. However, it is not possible to visualize a phenotypic tendency in the s+ patients either as an increase or decrease in IQ levels or as an etiological relation of the quantitative or qualitative developmental disorders. G--and Ag--NOR--banding techniques were performed in 5 s+ patients and their parents and in all cases apparently identical prominent satellites were observed in both the proband and one of his parents. Nevertheless in some cases the proband's chromosome presents a decreased frequency of silver stained NORs and also has a smaller frequency of participation in acrocentric associations than the carrier parent's chromosome. The different behaviour of the s+ chromosomes presently studied may be caused by a complex regulatory mechanism depending upon each individual chromosome pool. PMID- 7138649 TI - A population genetic study of Goodenough Island, Papua New Guinea. AB - A sample of 105 coastal people and 82 mountain dwellers from Goodenough Island, off the eastern tip of Papua New Guinea have been tested for four blood group systems, haemoglobin, 17 enzyme systems and four serum proteins. Transferrins D1 and Blae were found in both populations and the frequency of almost 29% for PGDc in the mountain people is one of the highest for the region. Deficiency of G-6 PD and the presence of PGK4 were detected only in the coastal populations. PMID- 7138651 TI - [Multiple accessory atrioventricular connections in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]. PMID- 7138652 TI - [Training of cardiologist specialists at the All-Union Cardiology Science Center of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences]. PMID- 7138653 TI - [Function of the heart conduction system in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]. AB - A study of the functional state of the heart conduction system by means of electrophysiologic testing of 46 patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome has shown that the peculiarities of atrioventricular conduction and the development of an electrocardiographic picture in this disease are determined by the functions of anomalous accessory atrioventricular pathways--more frequently of the Kent's bundle and more infrequently of the Macheim's bundle. In addition, the degree of manifestations of the ventricular pre-excitation on the ECG depends on the correlation between impulse conduction times along the anomalous and normal pathways. The slow conduction along the Kent bundle form the basis of the latent WPW syndrome not recorded by the ECG. PMID- 7138655 TI - [Achievements in the study of heart rhythm disorders accomplished by intracardiac electrophysiological research]. PMID- 7138654 TI - [Comparative analysis of the data from daily ECG monitoring and from the measured physical load test in patients with heart rhythm disorders]. AB - The paper deals with a comparative analysis of the results of using 2 methods of investigation (daily Holter's monitoring of ECG and bicycle ergometry in patients with paroxysmal heart rhythm disturbances (group 1) and in those with extrasystole (group 2). The method of the Holter monitoring proved to be diagnostically significant in 77.2% of the first group and in all the patients of second one. In 40.9% of patients with paroxysmal rhythm disturbances and 64.7% of those with extrasystole, arrhythmias were provoked by trials with a dosed physical exercise. The comparison of both the methods revealed a concurrence of the results in 40% of the cases. A joint application of both the methods was found to enhance their diagnostic value. PMID- 7138657 TI - [Electrophysiological action of disopyramide]. AB - The paper presents data on an electrophysiologic action of disopiramid injected intravenously in a dose of 2 mg/kg on the function of the atrioventricular conduction system in 11 patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias. Disopiramid reduced the length of the spontaneous cardiac cycle and slightly affected the corrected sinus node recovery time and sinoatrial conduction time. The drug prolonged the intraatrial conduction time, increased the refractoriness of the His-Purkinje system and accessory conduction pathways. It produced no significant action on the refractory period and the function of the A-V node. PMID- 7138656 TI - [Effects of lithium preparations in certain forms of experimental arrhythmias]. AB - In tests on cats with cut vagus and aortal nerves, clipped common carotid arteries caused a sharp increase in sympathic activity (SA) in the cardiac nerves, a rise of arterial pressure (AP) and ventricular arrhythmias. Lithium chloride and hydroxibutirate injected intravenously reduced SA, AP and restored sinus rhythm. While administering arrhythmogenic doses of strophantin R, similar rhythm disturbances were observed in addition to increase in SA in animals with denervated cardio-aortal and sinocarotid areas. In these cases lithium drugs also had an antiarrhythmic action and reduced SA. In cats with the preserved innervation of the above reflexogenic sites, reflexogenic sites, strophantine arrythmias developed against the background of SA reduction and lithium drugs were inefficacious. In experiments on rats, while injecting large doses of intravenous adrenalin secondary ventricular rhythm disturbances have been shown to occur 1-1.5 min after the drug injection and to result in death, Lithium chloride and hydroxibutirate prevent the development of these arrhythmias and the animals' death. PMID- 7138658 TI - [Complex study of the state of the microcirculatory bed at different stages of circulatory failure]. AB - The state of microcirculation was studied on 103 patients with the 1st-3rd degree of circulatory failure due to post-myocardial infarction cardiosclerosis and rheumatic valvular heart disease. The dynamics of the local blood flow in the skin of the left forearm (by the H-clearance method) as well as platelet aggregation ability were studied, conjunctival biomicroscopy and T-V capillaroscopy were performed. Already at early stages, patients with circulatory failure were observed to have changes in the microcirculation accompanied by a decrease in the volume velocity of the tissue (capillary) blood flow. As the circulatory failure developed, the aggravation of morphofunctional disturbances was accompanied by a significant retardation both of linear and volume velocity of the capillary blood flow as well as by an increase in aggregation properties of platelets. PMID- 7138659 TI - [Functional indices of the heart conduction system in patients with normal atrioventricular conduction]. AB - A total of 16 patients with normal atrioventricular conduction were studied by the method of intracardiac electrophysiologic study. Time intervals of the conduction through the atria and the His-Purkinje system did not change during frequent atrial stimulation. The conduction time through the atrioventricular node increased, the periodical block with a location in the very node developing at a stimulation frequency of 181+/-18 beats/min. The duration of functional and effective refractory periods of the atria and the atrioventricular node depended upon heart rate. A complete block of retrograde conduction through the node was revealed in 5 of 13 patients by stimulating their ventricles. A frequency dependence of the conduction through the atrioventricular node and periodic block in relatively low stimulation frequency were observed in the others. The findings determine normal values of the indices studied and make a basis for the identification of anomalous pathways of atrioventricular conduction. PMID- 7138660 TI - [Use of surgical biopsy of the kidney in the differential diagnosis of various forms of arterial hypertension]. AB - To make a more precise diagnosis, kidney biopsy was performed in 17 patients with a severe course of blood hypertension due to a mild urinary syndrome. Taking into account the high risk of hemorrhagic complications in such patients, an operational biopsy was performed (in 13 patients in a open way and in 4 patients in a semiopen one). As a result of the histologic investigation of kidney bioptates, the diagnosis was changed in more than half patients. In the postoperative period, almost all the patients had microhematuria, 1 subject having massive bleeding into the retroperitoneal cavity that required nephrectomy. In 3 subjects the postoperative period was complicated by wound suppuration. PMID- 7138661 TI - [Diagnostic significance of frequent atrial stimulation against a background of drug denervation in the sick sinus syndrome]. AB - The aim of the present paper is to verify the diagnostic potentialities of frequent atrial stimulations during functional autonomous block. 31 patients (15 males and 16 females) aged 36-65 years were examined. The diagnosis of sick sinus syndrome (SSS) was made according to history data, clinical manifestations of the disease, and ECG data of SSS. All the patients underwent the electrophysiologic study (EPS) in which sinus nodal recovery time and corrected sinus nodal recovery time were determined before and after the functional autonomous block. All the patients were divided into 6 groups according to the findings. This trial was found to increase the diagnostic potential of EPS in the diagnosis of SSS. PMID- 7138662 TI - [Significance of retrograde excitation in treating arrhythmias by means of electrical stimulation of the heart]. AB - The paper presents the results of electric heart stimulation in patients with sick sinus syndrome accompanied by atrial retrograde excitation. The retrograde excitation was found in 9 of 85 patients (it was observed in the spontaneous rhythm in 3 cases and in right ventricle stimulation in 6 cases). All the patients underwent right ventricle stimulation. In 6 observations it proved to be an effective measure to prevent (in 4 cases) and terminate (in 2 cases) supraventricular tachycardia paroxysms. In one case the retrograde excitation caused hemodynamic disorders that made one change the stimulation point (the electrode was implanted into the right atrium). PMID- 7138663 TI - [Use of P-synchronized electrical stimulation of the heart for preventing supraventricular tachycardia paroxysms due to accessory conduction pathways]. AB - The paper deals with a possibility to apply P-synchronized ventricular stimulation for the prevention of frequent, drugirresponsive paroxysms of supraventricular tachycardia (SVTC) due to the accessory conduction pathways. During the electrophysiologic study of 5 patients with SVTC paroxysms, the presence of Kent's bundle conducting the impulses in a retrograde way has been revealed. The observed mechanisms of SVTC occurrence (delayed His-Purkinye system conduction in 2 patients and atrioventricular nodal conduction in 3 patients) enabled its prevention to be achieved by a method of ventricular electric stimulation in the P-synchronized regimen with a shortened atrioventricular delay in the impulse conduction. While performing this type of stimulation tachycardia episodes were completely terminated, and it was impossible to provoke them by different types of stimulation. PMID- 7138664 TI - [Determination of the location of the endocardiac electrode in the right ventricular cavity by the configuration of an artificial ventricular ECG complex]. AB - Two patient groups (in all 31 subjects) underwent endocardial heart stimulation. While studying the first group (18 subjects) during the electric heart stimulation from various points of the right ventricle endocardium, the regularity of the change in the direction of artificial ventricular complex vector was revealed when the stimulating electrode was dislocated into the influx and efflux tracts of the right ventricle. While studying the second group (13 patients) in the dislocation of the temporary endocardial electrode the ECG and roentgenographic data were compared, and the diagnostic value of the electrocardiographic method was established. PMID- 7138665 TI - [Mannich bases of benzimidazoles, benzotriazoles and analogous compounds with pharmacological activity. I]. PMID- 7138666 TI - [Phosphoric esters with high anticholinesterase activity. VI]. PMID- 7138667 TI - [Determination of the MIC of various disinfectants largely used in a hospital milieu]. PMID- 7138669 TI - [Quantitative determination of chloramphenicol in pharmaceutical preparations by NMR]. PMID- 7138670 TI - [Surgical dressing. Economic comparison between gauze and a non-woven fabric]. PMID- 7138668 TI - [Mannich bases of benzimidazoles, benzotriazoles and analogs with pharmacological activity II]. PMID- 7138672 TI - [Indirect dopamine agonists and direct dopamine antagonists in the diagnosis of hyperprolactinemia]. AB - Seventeen hyperprolactinemic patients aged from 24 to 58 years, with suspected pituitary adenoma, were studied. For diagnostic purposes, NOM and DOM tests were carried out, and also hypocycloidal tomography of the sella. In all cases in which the DOM test suggested the existence of a prolactinoma, the NOM test gave results in agreement with the former, except in one case. Hypocloidal tomography, although confirming the possibility of false negative (2 cases out of 17) or false positive results (1 case out of 17), demonstrated its diagnostic validity, although it was less sensitive than the biological tests. PMID- 7138671 TI - The role of the thyroid hormones on the decrease of cholesterolemia produced by a thymus fraction. AB - The purpose of this paper is to establish whether the hypocholesterolemic effect of thymus fraction administered to rats fed on a fat diet is correlated to an activation of thyroid. By determining the plasma levels of T3,T4 by kit set/RIA and TSH by the method of Jaquet et al., modified for rats, the authors may exclude this hypothesis confirming the results of Comsa et al, of an inhibitory effect of thymus in TSH secretion. PMID- 7138673 TI - [Electroencephalographic changes during nocturnal sleep in subjects with familial cortico-cerebellar atrophy]. AB - The purpose of this research was to analyze the qualitative and quantitative EEG sleep alterations in four subjects affected by familiar cerebellar atrophy and in their blood relations, who were clinically healthy. Polygraphic sleep registrations (including EEG, EOG, EMG, ECG and except in two cases, EPG), computerized cranial tomography and clinical evaluation were carried out in all subjects. The EEG sleep records of subjects afflicted by cerebellar atrophy showed quantitative alterations, namely reductions of IV phase and REM, with an increase of the intermediary phase between synchronized and desynchronized sleep. The qualitative characteristic were: slow and recurrent changing phases, instable periods of sleep with frequent fragmentations, numerous arousals, intermediary phases corresponding to the II studies of Barros-Ferreira and in only two cases, presence of spindle activity during REM sleep. Two blood relations showed EEG sleep alterations similar to the atrophy subjects. According to the common genotype and similar EEG sleep abnormalities, we suggest that the latter, in these two subjects, may be produced by small cerebellar lesions, which are insufficient for a clear clinical symptomatology. PMID- 7138674 TI - [Modification of the nigro-striatal system by estrogens and prolactin. Clinical and experimental data]. AB - We have investigated the effects of estrogens and prolactin on nigro-striatal dopaminergic function. In this regard, apomorphine-induced hyperactivity has been evaluated in hyperprolactinemic rats. Results obtained suggest the possibility that hyperprolactinemia potentiates nigro-striatal dopaminergic transmission inducing, in chronic, charges in dopamine receptor sensitivity. As a neurochemical parameter of the extrapyramidal motor system, we have investigated the activity of the GABA-synthesizing enzyme glutamate decarboxylase (GAD, EC 4.1.1.15) in corpus striatum and substantia nigra. Hyperprolactinemia induced by anterior pituitary homograft under the kidney capsule or systemic sulpiride injection significantly increases GAD activity. In contrast, estrogen treatment decreases nigral GAD activity even though increases plasma prolactin levels. From a clinical point of view, preliminary data indicating a good therapeutical efficacy of estrogens and progesterone in psychiatric patients are reported. PMID- 7138676 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in hepatocytes of mice treated with morphine]. AB - In a study of the ultrastructure of hepatocytes in mice treated with morphine a statistically significant increase in the volume density and surface density of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) was observed. Morphometric measurements using the method described by Weibel (2,3) were employed to calculate volume density of smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria, and surface density of rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum membranes and of the mitochondrial envelope and cristae. Statistical analysis using the t test of Student was carried out for all parameters. Both surface density and volume density of SER in mice treated with morphine increased significantly when compared to mice of control group (P less than 0.05 for surface density of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and P less than 0.01 for volume density of smooth endoplasmic reticulum). These ultrastructural changes after administration of morphine and related opiates are not accompanied by an increase of drug metabolizing enzymes and the huge tolerance observed in mice can be a phenomenon of adaptation at the receptor site (4). PMID- 7138675 TI - [In vivo studies on the transformation of cyclophosphamide to mutagenic metabolites]. AB - Cyclophosphamide (CP), a widely used antineoplastic drug, requires hepatic mixed function-oxidase-mediated activation to show alkylating activity as well as cytotoxicity, oncogenic transformation and chromosomal aberrations. Evidences are here reported that in vivo activation of CP to urinary mutagenic metabolites is catalyzed primarily by a phenobarbital-inducible cytochrome P-450 system. 24 hours urines from male Sprague-Dawley rats treated i.p. by a single CP administration were filtered through XAD-2 columns and mutagenicity of the acetonic extract was assayed by the Ames test in absence of enzymatic microsomal activation. a highly positive response with a linear dose-dependence was obtained in the range 0.500 mg/kg of CP. Treating rats with Phenobarbital, before CP (500 mg/kg) administration, induced a 250% increase in urine mutagenic activity, whereas. -Naphthoflavone pretreatment reduced the CP activation to urine mutagenic metabolites to 51% as compared with control CP-treated rats. PMID- 7138677 TI - [Hg, Pb and Cd in zooplankton from an area of the Adriatic opposite the Romagna coast line]. AB - The concentrations of heavy metals Hg, Pb and Cd found in zooplankton samples collected in two stations off Cesenatico (Northern Adriatic Sea) from March 1978 to January 1979, have been reported. The Hg, Pb and Cd concentrations showed large variations which did not seem to be correlated with taxonomic composition. The detected levels of metals were higher at the offshore than the nearshore station, accordingly with the sediment pattern. The high concentration of Hg were apparently associated with sources of local industrial pollution. PMID- 7138678 TI - [Antithrombin III in infantile nephrotic syndrome]. AB - In the Nephrotic Syndrome an hypercoagulable state can cause an increased incidence of thromboembolic phenomena and the course of the syndrome. The deficiency of Antithrombin III has been suggested to explain the hypercoagulability. We measured plasma antithrombin concentration (as percentage) in 24 children suffering from N.S. and the values were correlated with serum albumin, proteinuria and Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT). The results of this study show that plasma Antithrombin III (AT-III) is significantly correlated with serum albumin, with proteinuria and PTT. Moreover plasma AT-III concentration was found to be low particularly when patients relapsed and in 2 children who developed thombophlebitis of the safena vein. PMID- 7138679 TI - Preliminary investigation on the submicroscopical structure of blood capillaries of the pineal body in the embryonic and adult domestic fowl. AB - The morphological changes of the blood network capillaries in the pineal gland of the domestic fowl during embryonic development and in the first post-hatching year have been analyzed. Our preliminary results indicate that the first intrinsic vessels, showing an immature aspect, appear among the epithelial vesicles on 7th-8th incubation day (i.d.), when the pinealoblasts are actively proliferating; then, they drastically increase in number (10th i.d.), but they begin to undergo significant maturative changes only on the 19th i.d., in parallel with the unfolding of the pinealocytes differentiation. Finally they reach the definitive set-up within the first post-hatching year, while the pineal is acquiring its full morphological and functional maturity. PMID- 7138680 TI - Development of the vascular supply and morphogenesis of the nervous substratum in the chick embryo mesencephalic tegmentum. PMID- 7138681 TI - [Fetal glucose regulation: glycosylated hemoglobin in cord blood]. AB - Glycosylated haemoglobins were assayed at delivery in 64 pregnant women (48 normals and 16 diabetics) in maternal and cord blood with the colorimetric method of Fluckiger and Winter-halter. A good correlation was observed between maternal and funicular glycosylated Hb (r = 0.67, p less than 0.001) in normal subjects; there wasn't any significant correlation in diabetic pregnant; (r = 0.29). Maternal glycosylated haemoglobins were compared to Schlichkrull's M of glycemic cycles in diabetic pregnant all these subjects showed a good glycemic regulation. Colorimetric technique can separate glycosylated haemoglobins from Hb F, and so allows their detection in cord blood. Glycosylated haemoglobin's assay in cord blood at delivery is an index of fetal glycoregulation in the last trimester of pregnancy and it represents a parameter of fetal pancreatic insulin incretion during intrauterine growth. PMID- 7138682 TI - A method to get rid of radioactive liquids of RIA. PMID- 7138683 TI - [Lateralization of attention in the acoustic modality]. AB - Posner reported that knowledge of where in space a visual stimulus will occur ("expected" condition), improves detection ("benefit"), as measured by response latencies, while response latencies became longer ("cost") when visual stimulus position is "unexpected" and intermediate when the visual stimulus position is "neutral". The authors have tried to replicate this finding in the acoustical modality. One hundred-twenty acoustical stimuli (clicks) were presented to the right and the left ear of ten right handed subjects, preceded by the biaural verbal warnings "right", "left" or "center". After the "center" verbal warning, the clicks could be presented to the right or the left ear equally often (50%): "neutral" condition; after the "right" or "left" verbal warnings, the clicks could be presented in 80% of cases to the "expected" ear and in 20% of cases in "unexpected" ear. The results suggested that: a) reaction times are significantly faster when the clicks are presented to the right ear; b) the "cost" effect is present but not the "benefit" effect, since no difference was shown between reaction times in the "neutral" and in the "expected" conditions; c) the right ear advantage disappears in the "unexpected" condition after the "right" verbal warning only. The authors discuss the results in relation to the attentional interhemispheric theories. PMID- 7138684 TI - [Spontaneous nystagmus caused by barbiturates in normal subjects]. AB - The authors studied in the normal subjects the barbiturate nystagmus to standardize a procedure for testing the brain stem activity involved in nystagmogenetic pathways. An electronystagmographic study has been carried out on 13 subjects suffering from extraotological surgical diseases after in venam injection of 20 mg/min of Pentothal, to anaesthetic induction. The spontaneous nystagmus was changeable at the beginning and almost regular in the culmination phase. The authors believe that in this phase the barbiturate nystagmus is useful as a test of brain stem activity in subjects suffering from central dizziness. PMID- 7138685 TI - [Induction by dimethylnitrosamine of mutants resistant to diphtheria toxin in human cells]. AB - Stable spontaneous mutants resistant to the protein synthesis inhibitor diphtheria toxin have been selected in human cell line EUE at a very low frequency (less than 8 x 10-6). We have assayed in this system the mutagenic activity of dimethylnitrosamine (DMNA): mutation increases by this compound have been used as an estimate of his mutagenic activity. Treatment of cells with this compound increased the frequency of diphtheria toxin resistant mutants only at the highest dose used (10-1 M). PMID- 7138686 TI - Effect of repeated ether anesthesias on levels and stability of monooxygenase system activities of mouse liver. AB - A short diethyl ether anesthesia before the three injections to induce xenobiotic metabolizing monooxygenase in mice for the preparation of liver S-9 fraction used in mutagenesis test in vitro does not negatively alter the biochemical properties of the activating system and gives unchanged genetic results. Instead, the use of more prolonged ether anesthesia also at the day of the sacrifice, results in less active and less stable enzymes in the S-9 fraction, which can lead to altered genetic results. PMID- 7138687 TI - [Levels of xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme activities of xenobiotic tissue in different animal species]. AB - Aminopyrine-N-demethylase, p-nitroanisole-O-demethylase and lipid peroxidation were determined in liver postmitochondrial fractions (S-9) of mice in the basal state and after induction with beta-naphtoflavone, sodium phenobarbital, or both the inducers. The two activities were similar in their response to all inductions: meanly, 1,2 times with beta-NF, 2,0 times with Na-PB, 5,8 times with Na-PB+ beta-NF. Lipid peroxidation was sensibly more active in basal animals with respect to that with induction. The results are discussed in a partial review of the sector literature, which deserves still much work to be completed. PMID- 7138688 TI - [Determination of metabolizing activities of xenobiotic tissue in rat embryo fibroblasts]. AB - Rat embryo fibroblast suspensions were prepared from 19-day-old wistar rat fetuses by trypsin digestion of the minced fetal tissue. Drug-metabolizing capability of isolated viable rat embryo cells on 7-ethoxycoumarin and 1,3 cyclohexadiene has been investigated. The biotransformation of 7-ethoxycoumarin represents a suitable experimental tool to measure the level and significance of the Phase I and Phase II metabolism systems. We estimated the mixed-function oxidation by the fluorimetric measurement of "unconjugated" 7-hydroxycoumarin in the incubation medium while the conjugates formation was determined by subsequent hydrolysis with beta-glucuronidase and aryl sulphatase. 1,3-Cyclohexadiene was selected as a substrate for mixed-function oxidation for a useful comparison of drug-metabolizing capability in isolated viable rat embryo cells with rat hepatocytes. When 1,3-cyclohexadiene was incubated with rat embryo fibroblasts for different times, cyclohexene-1,2-diol resulted to be the main metabolite. Cyclohexene-1,4-diol was detected only in traces. Therefore the metabolic pathway of 1,3-cyclohexadiene with rat embryo cells, as well as isolated hepatocytes, involves the intermediate formation of the 3,4-epoxycyclohexene, that is rapidly hydrolyzed to diols by a non enzymatic process. PMID- 7138689 TI - HPLC analyses of the aldehydic patterns produced during lipid peroxidation. AB - The peroxidative breakdown of membrane lipids leads to the production of several compounds with carbonyl functions. Their production has been monitored in rat liver homogenates treated with prooxidant agents namely vitamin C and ADP-Fe2+ complex. Preliminar HPLC separation of the unpolar and medium polar carbonyls produced, allowed the identification of few of them, in particular, hexanal and 4 OH-nonenal. The aim of this report is to underline the usefulness to integrate malonaldehyde evaluation with the analysis of the other carbonyls produced during lipid peroxidation. PMID- 7138691 TI - [Metabolic changes of biogenic amines in brain tumors--a highly sensitive method by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and its clinical application]. PMID- 7138690 TI - [Na+ and K+ in the rabbit aqueous humor after treatment with timolol]. AB - The influence of timolol on aqueous humour production has been well documented, nevertheless it is unknown the real mechanism by which timolol produces this process. We have conceived the hypothesis that any alteration of natrium and kalium content following topical treatment of timolol was the main cause of the lowering rate of aqueous humour production. Therefore, we have examined the behaviour of Na+ and K+ amounts after topical administration of one eye of young rabbits with timolol. The experimentation has been conducted by photometer appliance. Our results show the absence of any imbalance between natrium and kalium content. The failure of our purpose indicates that Na+/K+ content does not play a main role in decreasing aqueous humour production by timolol. PMID- 7138692 TI - [An analysis of time course of intracranial pressure in patients with communicating hydrocephalus following subarachnoid hemorrhage due to ruptured intracranial aneurysms]. PMID- 7138693 TI - [Studies on GM3 ganglioside sialidase]. PMID- 7138694 TI - [Studies on the pathogenesis of muscular dystrophy: superoxide dismutase activity in avian muscular dystrophy]. PMID- 7138696 TI - [Pituitary oncocytoma--a clinical and, light and electron microscopical observation, with special reference to the pathological criteria and secretory function]. PMID- 7138695 TI - [A clinicopathological study of vision specific anomia seen in alexia without agraphia]. PMID- 7138697 TI - [Plasma exchange combined with immunosuppressive therapy in myasthenia gravis]. PMID- 7138698 TI - [Fetal head growth retardation due to maternal antiepileptic drug use--with reference to GH, TSH, T4, T3 and R-T3]. PMID- 7138701 TI - [Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging of brain edema from sliced rat brain: preliminary report]. AB - A series of the sliced rat brain were imaged by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) using a Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill sequence. The slices were obtained from the adult male Wistar rats, normal or suffering from vasogenic brain edema at 2, 6, 24Hr, 2Wk and 2Mo period after the application of cryo-injury. The imaging time was arranged 17 to 22 minutes dependently upon signal to noise ratio. The slice thickness was 1.2 mm, and pixel dimensions were 0.2 X 0.2 mm. Whereas a voxel size in our images is mere 1/1,200 compared to that reported about the prototype human NMR imaging devices, high resolution has been realized. The spatial resolution is very fine, as evidenced by the appearance of major internal structures of rat brain, and the object contrast is so high that cerebral white-gray contrast is excellent, although the difference in water concentration between them is only 7%. It has been impossible to measure serially in vivo change in water concentration of small organs as rat brain, NMR has the capability to generate images in response to tissue state of hydration, therefore we can easily recognize the extent and intensity of the brain edema, which has been defined as an expansion of the brain volume resulting from an increase in its fluid content. And in this study, using the prototype mini-NMR-CT of excellent spatial and contrast resolution, we have been able to show this advantage of NMR as a new tool for research in the field of neurological surgery. PMID- 7138702 TI - [The clinico-pathological study on the boundary of pituitary adenomas]. PMID- 7138699 TI - [Diagnostic value of radioisotope cisternography combined with intranasal pledgets in CSF rhinorrhea]. AB - The experience with the radioisotope cisternography in 17 cases without CSF rhinorrhea for control study and one with CSF rhinorrhea at Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital is reported. In addition to the usual cisternography, we used intranasal pledgets for identification and localization of CSF rhinorrhea. The cotton pledgets are placed in the following regions; 1) sphenoethmoid recess, 2) middle meatus and 3) cribriform region. The radioisotope (111In-DTPA, 1mCi) is introduced by lumbar puncture. After scintiphoto is taken at 4 hours, the pledgets are removed and the radioactivity are counted by well type scintillation counter. The radioactivity of 1 ml of blood is also counted. There is close correlation between the radioactivity of nasal pledget and blood. The ratio of radioactivity of a pledget to that of blood was less than 0.3. The ratio of radioactivity in patient with CSF rhinorrhea is much greater than 0.3. The usefulness of these combined method for identifying the fistulous tract so that surgeon can carry out a direct operation is emphasized. PMID- 7138700 TI - [Early adenine arabinoside therapy in herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE)]. AB - Five patients with HSE were treated with adenine arabinoside and one additional patient with cytosine arabinoside. The diagnosis of HSE was confirmed in retrospect by the rising CF titers and the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) levels in CSF (Table 2). Brain biopsy was not performed. The treatment was started promptly when HSE was strongly suspected by symptoms and signs, EEG, CT and CSF findings before the specific laboratory data were available. The clinical and laboratory data on the 6 patients were shown in Table 1. All the 5 patients of HSE treated with adenine arabinoside survived: 3 returned to normal daily life, including one having no neurological deficits, and the other 2 had mild to moderate memory disturbances. Improvement of CT abnormalities indicated a good prognosis. Age or sex did not have influence on the prognosis. The patient treated with cytosine arabinoside died of complications after being in a state of apallic syndrome for 1 year and 8 months. On the basis of the analysis of our patients, one of the crucial factors in the treatment of HSE seems to be the earliest possible use of adenine arabinoside: in our patients on the 2nd up to 9th day of onset, although there was no correlation between the day the medication was started and the morbidity. The other important factor includes the management of acute stage of HSE: the treatment of cerebral edema and generalized convulsions. The major side effects of adenine arabinoside included diarrhea (one case), elevation of GOT, GPT or LDH (one case) which all improved after the treatment. Adenine arabinoside could be an effective drug for HSE reducing the mortality and morbidity with few side effects. PMID- 7138703 TI - [Epiplexus cell (Kolmer cell) and its reaction against foreign bodies]. AB - In 1921, Kolmer reported the free cell which is characteristically anchoring to the surface of the choroid plexus by its pseudopodal cytoplasmic processes, and later named "Kolmer cell". Phagocytic function of this cell was reported by Ariens-Kappers in 1953, and he called this cell to "epiplexus cell". In this paper, the epiplexus cell of adult dog was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and its ultrastructure, reactions and changes against foreign bodies are described. Furthermore, obstructed ventricular catheter by choroid plexus in clinical ventricular shunt operation was observed by SEM. The structure and nature of the epiplexus cell resembles that of macrophages in other tissue. When small foreign bodies such as ink particles or red blood cells were injected into the ventricle, the reaction of the epiplexus cells was observed as an increase in their number and phagocytosis. And against the large foreign bodies, such as small strips of silicon rubber tube, a remarkable increase of the epiplexus cells were seen. These proliferated cells had many long cytoplasmic processes and laid in piles. In these above-mentioned results, we considered that the proliferative and phagocytic reaction of the epiplexus cell represents one of the causes of ventricle catheter obstruction. PMID- 7138704 TI - Theory and practice in prevention of arterial thrombosis. PMID- 7138705 TI - Two dimensional echocardiographic assessment of aortic valve morphology: feasibility of bicuspid valve detection. Prospective study of 100 adult patients. AB - Two dimensional echocardiographic criteria for bicuspid aortic valve recognition have greater specificity than previously proposed M-mode echocardiographic criteria. The potential clinical use of the two dimensional technique is, however, limited by the technical inability to image adequately the aortic valve leaflets in many patients. One hundred consecutive adult patients undergoing two dimensional echocardiography were prospectively studied. Valve cusp number could not be determined because of dense calcification in eight patients. A bicuspid aortic valve was diagnosed in a single subject. A parasternal short axis view disclosed three commissures (diastolic "Y" configuration) in only 26 patients. Technically adequate parasternal short axis imaging was more likely in younger patients and in non-smokers. In patients not successfully imaged from the parasternal approach, an anteriorly tilted apical four chamber view showed a diastolic "Y" configuration in an additional eight cases. Considering the high prevalence in our population of incomplete two dimensional echocardiographic aortic valve leaflet imaging, angiographic and/or pathological studies must be performed to establish the correlation between these incomplete echocardiographic patterns and aortic valve anatomy if two dimensional echocardiography is to have widespread application in the diagnosis of the congenital bicuspid aortic valve. PMID- 7138706 TI - Echocardiographic features of eosinophilic endomyocardial disease. AB - Nine patients with eosinophilic endomyocardial disease who had undergone angiocardiography with histological staging of their disease, were studied by M mode and two dimensional echocardiography to determine the extent to which specific features of the disease could be evaluated by these non-invasive methods. In seven patients, amplitude processed two dimensional echocardiography showed regions where the relative intensity of endomyocardial echoes was greater than normal, and their distribution corresponded to known areas of fibrosis. Standard two dimensional echocardiography was normal in all but three patients. In eight patients M-mode echocardiography showed only non-specific abnormalities, but appeared to be useful in assessing the functional consequences of myocardial or mitral valve disease. After digitisation a reduction in the duration and an increase in the peak rate of dimension increase during filling was prolonged. It was concluded that amplitude processed two dimensional echocardiography might be useful in diagnosing the extent and severity of endomyocardial disease in patients with hyperosinophilia. These noninvasive techniques may thus provide a means for the early diagnosis of endomyocardial fibrosis and could be useful in assessing in progression or response to treatment. PMID- 7138707 TI - Phase analysis of the first pass radionuclide angiocardiogram. AB - Fifty-two subjects with suspected coronary artery disease were studied by first pass radionuclide angiocardiography using a single crystal gamma camera. Phase analysis, a new technique which can detect ventricular regions with abnormal emptying patterns, was applied to the resulting left ventricular radionuclide angiocardiograms. Eighteen turned out be normal and in these subjects the variation of phase values in each of eight ventricular segments was established. Thirty-four had coronary artery disease. By comparison with the normal subjects, 21 had at least one segment with an abnormally high phase value. Such high values were associated with low values of ejection fraction, as determined by a radionuclide technique, total occlusion of a major coronary artery and significant wall motion abnormalities on the radiographic ventriculogram. A comparison between phase analysis and wall motion on a regional basis disclosed progressively high phase values with increasing severity of wall motion abnormality. Particularly high values were found in association with ventricular aneurysm. Phase analysis of first pass radionuclide angiocardiograms is a valid method for the detection of regional abnormalities of ventricular contraction in coronary artery disease. PMID- 7138710 TI - Left and right ventricular trabecular patterns. Consequence of ventricular septation and valve development. AB - Study of serial sections of human embryos ranging from 3.6 to 25 mm crown rump length shows that the ventricular septum develops from three sources. The primary septum develops between the inlet and outlet which are the two first discernible segments of the ventricular portion of the primary heart tube. Two other septa develop within the inlet and within the outlet, respectively. Before and during septation all ventricular trabeculations are identical. In later stages, the atrioventricular valves and their tension apparatus develop from the inner myocardial layer of the left and right ventricular inlet parts. The outlet trabeculations do not take part in this process. These observations are suggested to explain the typical trabecular patterns of the apices of the mature left and right ventricles, which develop from the inlet and from the outlet, respectively. PMID- 7138709 TI - Alternating atrial electromechanical dissociation as contributing factor for pulsus alternans. AB - Ten patients with mechanical pulsus alternans were studied by echocardiography and mechanocardiography. All had been or were in congestive heart failure. An atrial mechanism for pulsus alternans could be identified in two patients: one with primary congestive cardiomyopathy and one after aortic valve replacement for calcific aortic stenosis. Each strong systole was preceded by an "a" wave, while each weak systole was not. This was documented on both the apexcardiogram and the M-mode echocardiogram. Since both patients were in normal sinus rhythm with regular PP intervals, it was concluded that alternating atrial electromechanical dissociation was either the underlying mechanism or contributed to the pulsus alternans. Thus, alternating atrial electromechanical dissociation exists and may cause pulsus alternans. Pulsus alternans is not necessarily the result of left ventricular myocardial dysfunction alone. PMID- 7138708 TI - Localisation and direction of mitral regurgitant flow in mitral orifice studied with combined use of ultrasonic pulsed Doppler technique and two dimensional echocardiography. AB - Regurgitant flow was analysed in 40 cases of mitral regurgitation, using combined ultrasonic pulsed Doppler technique and two dimensional echocardiography. Abnormal Doppler signals indicative of mitral regurgitant flow were detected in reference to the two dimensional image of the long axis view of the heart and the short axis view at the level of the mitral orifice. The overall direction of regurgitant flow into the left atrium was clearly seen in 28 of 40 cases, and the localisation of regurgitant flow in the mitral orifice in 38 cases. In cases with mitral valve prolapse of the anterior leaflet or posterior leaflet the regurgitant flow was directed posteriorly or anteriorly, respectively. The prolapse occurred at the anterolateral commissure or posteromedial commissure and resulted in regurgitant flow located near the anterolateral commissure or posteromedial commissure of the mitral orifice, respectively. In cases with rheumatic mitral regurgitation the regurgitant flow is usually towards the central portion of the left atrium and is sited in the mid-part of the orifice. The Doppler findings were consistent with left ventriculography and surgical findings. The ultrasonic pulsed Doppler technique combined with two dimensional echocardiography is useful for non-invasive analysis and preoperative assessment of mitral regurgitation. PMID- 7138712 TI - Tricuspid atresia: analysis of coronary artery distribution and ventricular morphology. AB - There is still disagreement concerning the precise nature of the anterior ventricular chamber in "tricuspid atresia". Some argue that it is a right ventricle, while our own previous studies have suggested it is comparable to the outlet chamber seen in classical "single ventricle". We have compared the morphology of the anterior ventricular chambers in 48 examples of tricuspid atresia (absent right atrioventricular connection), 24 hearts with double inlet to the left ventricular chamber, and 15 hearts with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum. Since there is further disagreement concerning the nature of the coronary artery which delimits the posterior extent of the ventricular septum in these hearts, we analysed the position of this vessel relative to external reference points on the atrioventricular junction. No significant difference was found with respect to the morphometry of hearts with tricuspid atresia (absent right atrioventricular connection) and those with double inlet. In both groups, however, significant differences were shown between hearts with ventriculoarterial concordance and discordance. Coronary artery disposition was the same in both groups and different from that found in hearts with pulmonary atresia and intact septum. We conclude that the ventricular morphology is comparable in hearts with tricuspid atresia (absent right atrioventricular connection) and those with double inlet to a left ventricular chamber. The lesions are distinguishable by their atrioventricular connection which is nevertheless univentricular in both. PMID- 7138713 TI - Removal of embolised catheters using flexible endoscopy forceps. AB - Five cases are described in which embolised catheters were removed percutaneously from the right side of the heart. Flexible endoscopy biopsy forceps were used in four cases and achieved removal in two: in the two other cases the catheter lay in a position which could not be reached by the biopsy forceps mouth, and retrieval was made with a helical wire basket after dislodgment of the proximal end of the catheter. In a fifth case a catheter fragment was removed from the pulmonary artery with endoscopy grasping forceps. Flexible endoscopy forceps provide a very firm grip and with a Teflon sleeve they can be negotiated around curves. They have limited manoeuvrability but W-shape "grasping" forceps have a large mouth, which helps to overcome this limitation. PMID- 7138714 TI - Herpes-like virus particles in myocardium of patient progressing to congestive cardiomyopathy. PMID- 7138711 TI - Persistence of ductus arteriosus with left to right shunt in the older patient. AB - Eight hundred and four patients with persistence of the ductus arteriosus were seen in Edinburgh between 1940 and 1979. Thirty-seven of them reached the age of 50 years, and in 32 the shunt was exclusively from left to right. Fifteen of the 32 were subsequently treated surgically. None of the 32 was lost to follow-up. Duration of clinical observation averaged 17 years and extended to over 30 years in eight patients. Their features have been correlated with those from reports of 48 comparable patients in an attempt to clarify the management of the persistent ductus in the older patient. Impairment of left ventricular function is shown as the major risk, even when the ductus is small. Bacterial endarteritis is infrequent. Surgical treatment carries greater risk than in childhood and early adult life but usually reduces heart size and restores exercise tolerance. Left ventricular dysfunction, however, occasionally vitiates the benefits; symptoms are then incompletely relieved and death from heart failure may occur months or years after operation. Experience in older patients thus emphasises the value of elective operation in childhood, however well the child, however trivial the shunt. It is concluded that in older patients, the presence or the development of symptoms or cardiac enlargement are almost always indications for surgical treatment. As age increases, especially by the eighth decade, medical treatment may be preferable. Continued follow-up of symptomless patients without cardiomegaly is important because increase in heart size usually precedes further deterioration which can then be prevented by timely surgical treatment. PMID- 7138715 TI - Measurement of pulmonary artery pressure in cyanotic heart disease using selective coronary artery cannulation techniques. PMID- 7138716 TI - Calcified unruptured aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva with complete heart block and aortic regurgitation. Successful repair in one case. PMID- 7138718 TI - Opioid anaesthesia--fact or fallacy. PMID- 7138717 TI - Right atrial myxoma and pulmonary embolism. Rational basis for investigation and treatment. PMID- 7138719 TI - Extradural and parenteral morphine: kinetics and effects in postoperative pain. A controlled clinical study. AB - In a controlled clinical study of 20 patients undergoing arthrotomy a single dose of morphine 0.05 mg kg-1 administered extradurally resulted in more pronounced and prolonged pain relief than morphine 0.1 mg kg-1 i.m. in the period immediately after operation. This difference was significant between 2 and 11 h after morphine administration. The maximum analgesic effect for nine patients in the extradural group was obtained about 2 h after injection. Two of 10 in the extradural group experienced urinary retention. Other side-effects were mild for both groups. Plasma concentrations of morphine were measured in five patients in each group. Four hours after administration, morphine was not detectable in plasma in any of the extradural group and in two of the i.m. group. Our study gives further support for the theory that extradural morphine acts on the spinal cord. PMID- 7138721 TI - Effect of posture and some c.s.f. characteristics on spinal anaesthesia with isobaric 0.5% bupivacaine. AB - The effect of the sitting position (0, 2.5, 5.0 or 7.5 min), during and after the injection of 3 ml of 0.5% isobaric bupivacaine-HCl, on the segmental spread of spinal analgesia was studied in 40 patients. Ten patients injected in the lateral horizontal position acted as controls. The spread of analgesia was significantly greater in those who sat for 2.5 min or more compared with those who were immediately put in the supine position. Prolongation of the sitting time did not produce a higher analgesic block. The motor block was complete in all patients; its duration was significantly longer in the horizontal group than in all the sitting groups. There was no significant correlation between the different c.s.f. indices (pressure, protein and chloride ion concentration pH, and specific gravity) and the spinal block. PMID- 7138720 TI - Urinary retention during i.m. and extradural morphine analgesia. AB - In the postoperative period fifty-six healthy patients undergoing cholecystectomy or operations for duodenal ulcer, received, in a randomized order, i.m., "high level" or "low-level" extradural morphine. Thirty-five per cent in the i.m. group, 33% in the high-level group and 50% in the low-level group suffered urinary retention, in all cases within the first 24 h. The mean cumulative dose of morphine necessary for pain relief was in the same range (13.4-16.5 mg) during the first 2 h of therapy for all groups, while the amounts after 24 and 48 h were twice to four times with the i.m. route compared with the extradural route. A peripheral effect of morphine on the urinary bladder is possible and the mechanism of action is discussed. PMID- 7138722 TI - I.v. labetalol in the treatment of hypertension following coronary-artery surgery. AB - The cardiovascular effects of incremental fixed i.v. doses of labetalol were evaluated in 10 normovolaemic sedated patients presenting with hypertension and tachycardia in the early period after myocardial revascularization. At first dose of 20 mg was sufficient to provoke a significant (P less than 0.01) mean decrease in systolic (-9.3%), diastolic (-8.2%) and mean arterial (-7.9%) pressure (AP) and in the rate-pressure product (RPP) (-13.1%). The mean heart rate (HR) did not change significantly, but a linear correlation could be established between the change at 2 min and the value before injection (r = 0.73). A second dose of labetalol 40 mg given 5 min later did not decrease AP further, but a significant decrease in HR was noted. A marked difference in the individual response among patients was found as the range of effective total doses per kg body weight was 0.6-4.1 mg kg-1 (mean 2.2) Apart from one patient, no patient needed vagolytic or sympathomimetic drugs to oppose the alpha or beta actions of labetalol during the 24-h follow-up period. PMID- 7138723 TI - Effect of sodium nitroprusside-induced hypotension on pulmonary deadspace. PMID- 7138724 TI - Reduction of heat loss in neurosurgical patients using metallized plastic sheeting. PMID- 7138725 TI - Air as a vaporizing gas. Cognitive functions in elderly patients undergoing anaesthesia. AB - The effects of different anaesthetics on cognitive functions in elderly, air breathing patients undergoing prostatectomy were studied and the results compared with those of patients who received oxygen additional to that in air. The patients received extradural anaesthesia, air and 3-4% ether, air and 0.5% trichloroethylene or nitrous oxide, oxygen and intermittent i.v. morphine or pethidine. The first three groups received no additional oxygen during or after operation; the fourth received oxygen for 12 h after operation. There were 15 patients in each group. The tests used were developed as appropriate for illiterate as well as educated patients. No deterioration of cognitive function was found in any group. PMID- 7138726 TI - Effects of inhalation anaesthetic agents on the electrical and mechanical activity of the rat duodenum. AB - Sleep doses of halothane (4%), enflurane (2%) and diethyl ether (10%) were administered to fasting rats. Duodenal mechanical and electrical activities were recorded using miniature extraluminal strain gauges and silver/silver chloride bipolar electrodes. Halothane abolished, or significantly reduced, phase III activity of the migrating myo-electric complex whereas enflurane abolished phase II activity but failed to reduce phase III. Ether was associated with periods of intense activity throughout anaesthesia and this activity persisted after recovery of consciousness. All anaesthetic agents caused a marked slowing of the basic electrical rhythm. PMID- 7138727 TI - Influence of oral atropine or hyoscine on the absorption of oral diazepam. AB - The influence of oral atropine or hyoscine on the absorption of oral diazepam administered at the same time was studied in eight volunteers using a three-way crossover randomized double-blind design. No difference was found in the timing of sedation or in the degree of sedation after diazepam alone or in combination with the anticholinergics. Diazepam serum concentrations were not significantly different after the three regimens. It is concluded that the anticholinergics can be given with diazepam for oral premedication without interfering with diazepam absorption. PMID- 7138728 TI - Clodanolene sodium and malignant hyperpyrexia. PMID- 7138729 TI - Supraventricular tachycardia following pancuronium. PMID- 7138730 TI - Accidental high-dose extradural morphine. PMID- 7138731 TI - Nitrous oxide in oxygen and tracheal tube cuff volumes. PMID- 7138732 TI - Patient subsets and variation in therapeutic efficacy. AB - 1 The determination of what treatment is best for what kinds of patients is a general objective of clinical research. We consider here the extent to which this objective can be accomplished reliably in a single clinical trial. 2 The reliability of subset analyses is often poor due to problems of multiplicity and limitations in numbers of patients studied. Implications for the design of clinical trials are presented. 3 Statistical approaches to subset analysis are reviewed in a general manner. In order to obtain the degree of reliability usually demanded of clinical therapeutic evaluations, "statistically significant' interactions between relative treatment efficacy and subsets should be demonstrated. Exploratory analyses of subset differences are important but should be reported as hypotheses to be tested in separate studies. PMID- 7138733 TI - Nalidixic acid kinetics in renal insufficiency. AB - 1 A pharmacokinetic study of nalidixic acid (NA) and metabolites was carried out in 23 patients with differing renal function so as to determine the influence of renal insufficiency on the excretion and biotransformation rate of this antibacterial agent. Plasma and urine concentration of NA and of its 7-hydroxy (HNA) and 7-carboxy (CNA) derivatives were measured after a single oral administration. 2 Renal insufficiency did not markedly affect the renal clearance of NA while it significantly decreased the elimination rate of HNA, a compound which largely excreted into the urine. 3 Interestingly, CNA which could never be detected in the plasma of patients with normal renal function appeared in that of patients with renal insufficiency. Plasma concentrations of CNA and creatinine were positively related, and the amount of urinary CNA increased with the renal impairment. 4 These results suggest that HNA can still be biotransformed into CNA by the impaired kidney. Since CNA cannot be easily excreted in the urine of patients with renal insufficiency it is hypothesized that this compound back diffuses into the plasma. 5 Finally, the study of the urinary concentrations of NA and metabolites shows that a standard NA dosage can be used, at least in patients with mild renal insufficiency. PMID- 7138734 TI - Pharmacokinetic interaction between theophylline and erythromycin. AB - 1 The pharmacokinetics of a single intravenous dose of theophylline alone and during the fifth day of treatment with 500 mg erythromycin every 8 h was studied in six healthy subjects. 2 At the same time the pharmacokinetics of erythromycin at steady-state on the fourth day of the treatment (alone) and the fifth day (during the theophylline co-administration) were also studied. 3 Mean +/- s.d. theophylline clearance was decreased from 62 +/- 15.4 to 53 +/- 10.3 ml min-1 (P less than 0.05) and elimination half-life rose from 7.1 +/- 1.9 to 7.7 +/- 2 h (P less than 0.05) when erythromycin was co-administered. 4 Mean +/- s.d. erythromycin area under the curves (0-8 h) and (0-oc) were reduced from 6.09 +/- 3.2 to 3.8 +/- 2.5 micrograms ml-1 h and 7.2 +/- 3.6 to 5.0 +/- 2.9 micrograms ml 1 h (P less than 0.05) in the presence of theophylline. Mean steady state and maximum steady state concentrations were also reduced from 0.75 +/- 0.4 to 0.47 +/- 0.3 microgram ml-1 (P less than 0.05) and 1.45 +/- 0.87 to 0.85 +/- 0.51 microgram ml-1 (P less than 0.05) respectively. 5 The potential clinical implications of this indication should be considered. PMID- 7138735 TI - The acute effects of ethanol on acetanilide disposition in normal subjects, and in patients with liver disease. AB - 1 The effects of single doses (25 g and 50 g) oral ethanol on the disposition of acetanilide (50 mg/kg metabolic active mass) has been studied in normal subjects, and in patients with chronic non-alcoholic liver disease. 2 In normal subjects, ethanol produced a dose-dependent increase in acetanilide half-life, and a decrease in acetenilide clearance. There was a significant correlation (rs = 0.71, P less than 0.01) between the 90 min blood ethanol concentration and the reduction in acetanilide clearance. 3 In patients with liver disease, ethanol produced a similar proportional change in acetanilide half-life and clearance, but these were less consistent. Moreover, liver disease itself was associated with an increase in acetenilide half-life, and a reduction in clearance. 4 It is concluded that single oral doses of ethanol, comparable to those consumed during social drinking, may inhibit some forms of microsomal oxidation and thus have important clinical implications. PMID- 7138737 TI - Blood quinidine levels and cardiac effects in white British and Nigerian subjects. AB - 1 Differences between whites and blacks have been described in the incidence and patterns of cardiac disease and in electrocardiographic features. 2 The objective of the present study was to see if the ECG response to the same plasma and red blood cell quinidine concentration differed between whites and blacks. 3 It was found that following a standard single oral dose of quinidine both plasma and red blood cell quinidine concentrations tended to be lower in seven healthy white British subjects than in seven healthy Nigerians. 4 The change in QTc interval (delta QTc) after quinidine, however, tended to be greater in the white British subjects than in the Nigerians. 5 At a single plasma quinidine concentration the delta QTc tended to be higher in white British subjects than in Nigerians. 6 At a single blood cell quinidine concentration, delta QTc was significantly higher in British white subjects than in Nigerians. 7 The inter-ethnic differences found could be due to both environmental and genetic factors. Further work will be required to decide the relative importance of both these factors on plasma quinidine levels and QTc responses. PMID- 7138736 TI - Tiaramide--a new oral drug for the treatment of asthma. AB - 1 TIaramide, an anti-inflammatory drug, inhibits the action of mediators released from mast cells and has direct smooth muscle relaxant properties. It may therefore have a beneficial effect in asthma. 2 A double-blind crossover trial comparing the bronchodilator activity of tiaramide and placebo over 16 days was undertaken in 13 patients with asthma. 3 Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was recorded on three separate occasions every day and frequency of salbutamol aerosol usage was noted on a diary card. 4 During treatment with tiaramide the mean mid-morning PEFR (362 1/min) was higher than mean PEFR on placebo (328) (P less than 0.001) as was the evening PEFR (378) compared with placebo (388) (P less than 0.001). 5 There was a significant reduction in daily use of the salbutamol inhaler whilst on tiaramide (1.8) compared with placebo (2.3) (P less than 0.05). 6. Tiaramide may be a useful addition to existing prophylactic treatment for asthma. PMID- 7138738 TI - Codeine added to paracetamol induced adverse effects but did not increase analgesia. AB - 1 In a double-blind crossover study identical oral surgical procedures were performed on two separate occasions in 24 outpatients. 2 At one operation they were given tablets containing paracetamol + codeine phosphate (400 mg + 30 mg), and at the other plain paracetamol (400 mg). The day of operation 2 tablets were taken 3, 6 and 9 h after surgery, the following two days 1 tablet four times daily. 3 Several measurements/assessments were recorded for a paired comparison of the postoperative courses. 4 No increase In the analgesic effect could be demonstrated by addition of codeine to paracetamol. 5 On the day of operation 18 patients reported adverse effects like nausea, dizziness and drowsiness with paracetamol + codeine, while only 3 patients experienced side effects with paracetamol alone (P less than 0.001). 6 Measurements revealed almost identical swelling after the two operations. 7 Compared with results obtained in previous studies, the present findings indicate that paracetamol may exert anti inflammatory activity and reduce postoperative swelling, even when given 3 h after surgery. 8 On the day of operation and the following two days 20 patients preferred the treatment with plain paracetamol, while only 4 favoured paracetamol + codeine (P less than 0.001). PMID- 7138739 TI - Serum protein binding of diazepam in maternal and foetal serum during pregnancy. AB - 1 The serum binding capacity for diazepam was significantly lower in pregnancy and there was a linear correlation with gestational age. 2 The binding of diazepam was not correlated to albumin during pregnancy. 3 In cord sera there was a significantly reduced binding capacity for diazepam with albumin levels of less than 40 g/l. PMID- 7138740 TI - Urinary excretion of aspirin. AB - Six human volunteers were each given single oral doses of aspirin (ASA) ranging from 300-1,500 mg. The unchanged ASA excreted in the urine was proportional to dose and urinary pH. The mean percent (+/- s.d.) of dose excreted was 1.9 +/- 0.67. The clearance for ASA was 1.42 +/- 0.28 1/h. The rate of in vitro hydrolysis of ASA to salicylic acid in urine at 37 degrees C was 4 micrograms/min for an initial ASA concentration of 7.5 mg in 100 ml human urine. PMID- 7138741 TI - Effect of cimetidine on gonadal function in man. PMID- 7138743 TI - What can we do with the data we throw away? PMID- 7138744 TI - Drug promotion and the doctor. PMID- 7138745 TI - Drug promotion and the doctor--a reply. PMID- 7138742 TI - Pyridostigmine in human breast milk. PMID- 7138746 TI - The binding of prednisolone in human serum and to recrystallized human albumin in vitro. AB - 1 Prednisolone binding in human serum and to recrystallized human serum albumin was measured by continuous ultrafiltration. 2 At serum concentrations of prednisolone up to 0.6 micron, 95.0% was bound but at higher concentrations the binding became non-linear falling to 80.5% at 1.8 microns. At even higher concentrations binding in serum became linear again and paralleled the binding to albumin which was linear throughout the entire range of prednisolone concentrations. 3 A binding model was proposed which included a saturable component attributable to binding to transcortin and a non-saturable binding to albumin. 4 Computer simulations using the experimentally determined binding parameters of the model indicated that binding in serum was critically dependent on transcortin concentration and almost independent of albumin concentration. PMID- 7138747 TI - Plasma binding of disopyramide and mono-N-dealkyldisopyramide. AB - 1 Measuring total plasma levels of disopyramide (DP) and the main metabolite mono N-dealkyldisopyramide (MND) in patients on maintenance therapy with DP has shown concentrations of MND comparable with those of DP, with wide intersubject variations. 2 A method which permits simultaneous measurement of unbound fraction of DP and MND has been developed. 3 In healthy subjects the unbound fraction of both DP and MND was concentration dependent, i.e. increased with higher concentrations of DP or MND. 4 The plasma protein binding of DP is altered by varying concentrations of MND. Clinically relevant concentrations of MND may increase the unbound fraction of DP approximately twofold. 5 The plasma protein binding of MND is also altered by varying concentrations of DP. Variation in the concentration of DP from the lower to the upper part of the therapeutic range may cause a 1.5-fold increase in the unbound fraction of MND. 6 In the assumed therapeutic range of 6-15 mumol DP/L, the interpatient variance of unbound DP concentration might be ten-fold or even higher. The present findings indicate the need for monitoring unbound drug concentrations in any attempt to establish plasma concentration/effect relationship. PMID- 7138749 TI - A method for monitoring drug effects on male sexual response: the effect of single dose labetalol. AB - 1 A method for monitoring the effect of drugs on the genital response to stimulation provided by vibration is described. 2 Using this method, the effect on male sexual response of two oral doses (100 mg and 300 mg) labetalol were studied and compared with placebo in six subjects. 3 Labetalol did not affect the attainment or maintenance of erection. 4 Labetalol delayed ejaculation in a dose related manner. 5 Labetalol treatment resulted in a significant dose-related delay in detumescence. PMID- 7138748 TI - Variations in responses to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. AB - 1 This paper assesses the variability in the response of patients with rheumatoid disease to a group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). 2 Thirty six patients were divided into three groups and each group received a set of four NSAID. The different drugs were each given three times daily for a week and the treatment order was randomised. 3 The study demonstrated marked variability and unpredictability in patient responses and cast doubt on the value of comparative trials of different NSAID. PMID- 7138750 TI - The effects of cimetidine on serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels in primary hyperparathyroidism. AB - 1 Cimetidine has been reported to reduce serum calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in primary hyperparathyroidism, but some studies have reported negative findings. 2 A double-blind, controlled trial of cimetidine in this condition was, therefore, conducted. Eight patients were given cimetidine and placebo for 2 months each, in random order. Only one patient showed a significant fall in serum calcium on cimetidine and no patient showed a fall in PTH levels. 3 In addition, eight patients were studied during a 48 h continuous intravenous infusion of cimetidine. The first five patients exhibited no effect of the drug on either calcium of PTH levels, but in the sixth there appeared to be a dose dependent suppression of PTH. The seventh and eighth patients were, therefore, given a higher dose of the drug but it failed to suppress calcium or PTH values. 4 It is concluded that cimetidine is not of value in primary hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 7138751 TI - Comparison of two long-acting preparations of metoprolol with conventional metoprolol and atenolol in healthy men during chronic dosing. AB - 1 Eight healthy men received two long-acting formulations of metoprolol 200 mg (SA Astra, SR Geigy), conventional metoprolol 200 mg and atenolol 100 mg once daily for 1 week each in balanced, crossover fashion. There was a washout period of at least a week between each phase. 2 On the last day of each phase, post exercise heart rate was recorded at intervals and compared to pretreatment values. Plasma metoprolol concentrations were measured. 3 The mean AUC was similar after each of the three formulations of metoprolol (relative bioavailability of SA and SR v conventional was 97%) but with SA and SR metoprolol the time to peak was significantly delayed by about 2 h. 4 In comparison to conventional metoprolol only metoprolol SA was associated with significantly higher plasma metoprolol concentrations at the end of a dosing interval (mean values: conventional, 25 ng/ml, SR 37 ng/ml, SA 51 ng/ml). 5 Mean (+/- s.d.) reduction in exercise tachycardia at the end of a dosing interval was significantly greater with atenolol (14.8 +/- 4.5%) and metoprolol SA (13.7 +/- 10.3%) than with metoprolol SR (10 +/- 8.4%) and conventional metoprolol (8.2 +/- 7.1%). 6 The variability in beta-adrenoceptor blockade at 24 h was much greater with each of the three metoprolol formulations than that with atenolol. This was explained by the variability in metoprolol metabolism. 7 Oxidation phenotype testing with debrisoquine showed there were six extensive metabolisers and two poor metabolisers. The AUC, half-life and response to metoprolol at 24 h were much greater in poor metabolisers. Response to atenolol was not influenced by phenotype. PMID- 7138753 TI - The acute and chronic effect of oxprenolol and propranolol on peripheral blood flow in hypertensive patients. AB - 1 The effects of oxprenolol and propranolol on peripheral blood flow were compared in patients with mild and moderate essential hypertension. 2 In an acute double-blind crossover study in which eight patients participated there was a significant reduction in resting forearm blood flow (RFBF) 2 h after 80 mg propranolol (mean +/- s.e. mean) (-0.87 +/- 0.13 microliter min-1 100 g-1) and after 80 mg oxprenolol (-0.30 +/- 0.12) but not after placebo. This reduction was significantly greater after propranolol (P = 0.022). 3 Seven patients continued into a double-blind crossover study comparing the above dose of the two drugs twice a day. On both the beta-adrenoceptor blockers there was a significant reduction in blood pressure after 2 weeks of treatment and also a significant reduction in RFBF. 4 After 6 weeks treatment with propranolol the reduction in RFBF persisted and was significantly less (P = 0.04) than after 6 weeks treatment of oxprenolol, at which time RFBF was back to control. 5 There were no consistent changes in skin temperature. 6 Neither propranolol nor oxprenolol should be used in patients with severe peripheral vascular disease. 7 If beta-adrenoceptor blockade is necessary in patients with mild peripheral vascular disease oxprenolol should be used in preference to propranolol but should be prescribed with caution. PMID- 7138752 TI - Comparative pharmacological and pharmacokinetic observations on propranolol (long acting formulation) and bendrofluazide administered separately and concurrently to volunteers. AB - 1 The effect of long-acting (LA) propranolol, LA propranolol and bendrofluazide, and a new combined formulation of LA propranolol/bendrofluazide (Inderex) on exercise tachycardia was studied in ten normal volunteers. 2 The preparations were given in random order, double-blind, on three separate study weeks. Observations were made 0, 1, 3, 6, 8, 24, 33 and 48 h after drug administration. 3 The three preparations produced a significant reduction in exercise tachycardia up to 48 h after drug administration, and the effects of the three preparations were not significantly different from each other. 4 Following LA propranolol, LA propranolol and bendrofluazide, and the combined formulation the mean reductions in exercise heart rate 24 h after drug administration were 16.7 +/- 2.1%, 13.0 +/ 1.8% and 16.2 +/- 1.7% respectively. 5 Plasma levels of propranolol and bendrofluazide were measured at 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 33 and 48 h after dose administration. 6 There was no significant difference in plasma propranolol levels, Cmax propranolol or AUCo-x following the three preparations. The mean apparent t1/2 beta of propranolol after LA propranolol alone was significantly shorter than following the other two preparations (P less than 0.05), but this was not associated with a different pharmacodynamic response. 7 There was no significant difference in the pharmacokinetic parameters of bendrofluazide following the two preparations containing bendrofluazide. No bendrofluazide was detected in plasma after LA propranolol alone. 8 The new combined formulation produces similar pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic responses to LA propranolol and bendrofluazide given separately, and to LA propranolol given alone, and so may be of value in the treatment of hypertension. PMID- 7138754 TI - Influence of cimetidine on oral diazepam elimination with measurement of subsequent cognitive change. AB - In a double-blind crossover design, the effect of cimetidine on oral diazepam pharmacokinetics and an evaluation of cognitive function change was studied in seven healthy volunteers. Subjects randomly received placebo or cimetidine 300 mg orally every 6 h for a total of five doses prior to diazepam 10 mg. A significant increase in diazepam elimination half-life from (mean +/- s.e. mean) 66.9 +/- 21.4 to 89.6 +/- 22.5 h (P = 0.006) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve from 5.06 +/- 1.47 to 8.93 +/- 1.88 micrograms ml-1 h (P = 0.028) was observed indicating a probable cimetidine induced inhibition of diazepam hepatic metabolism. Digit symbol substitution and visual analogue scales were used to measure the effect of an alteration of diazepam kinetics on cognitive function. An enhancement of pharmacological effect as reflected in digit symbol substitution scores and visual analogue scale measurements was not observed. PMID- 7138755 TI - Lack of effect of atenolol on antipyrine clearance. PMID- 7138757 TI - Absorption of mexiletine after treatment with gastric antacids. PMID- 7138756 TI - Effect of labetalol, an alpha-and beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, on gastric acid and gastrin secretion in man. PMID- 7138758 TI - Routes of meptazinol conjugation in the neonate. PMID- 7138760 TI - Calculation of drug concentration in plasma after equilibrium dialysis. PMID- 7138759 TI - The effect of age on the responses of human isolated arteries and veins to noradrenaline. PMID- 7138761 TI - Potentiation of melphalan activity against a murine tumour by nitroimidazole compounds. AB - The activity against murine anaplastic MT tumours of the chemotherapeutic agent melphalan, either alone or in combination with one of 6 nitroimidazole compounds, was assayed using an in vivo-in vitro tumour excision assay. The melphalan alone proved cytotoxic to the tumour, whereas relatively little cytotoxicity was produced by any of the nitroimidazoles alone. When the nitroimidazole were given in combination with melphalan, dose-modifying potentiation of its cytotoxicity was observed. Maximum potentiation occurred when the nitroimidazoles were given 0 -30 min before the melphalan, although some potentiation was still evident when they were given up to 2 h before or after. There was no threshold in nitroimidazole dose required to produce this potentiation, the degree of potentiation increasing with dose, albeit at a diminishing rate, to give maximum dose-modification factors of about 3. The 6 nitroimidazole compounds in order of increasing effectiveness as potentiators of melphalan activity were: METRO, Ro 05 9963, MISO, RSU 1047, Ro 03-8800 and Ro 03-8799. This order corresponds to the increasing electron affinity of these compounds. The most effective compound here, Ro 03-8799, was about twice as effective as the most widely used nitroimidazole in such studies, MISO. PMID- 7138762 TI - The differential response of human tumours to fractionated radiation may be due to a post-irradiation repair process. AB - We have measured post-irradiation recovery (potentially lethal damage repair) after fractionated radiation in plateau-phase cultures of two human tumour cell lines derived from tumours of different radiocurabilities (melanoma and breast). Although the radiation survival-curve parameters of these cell lines are similar, the repair of potentially lethal X-ray damage after fractionated X-ray treatment conferred significant radioresistance on the human melanoma cells but not the human breast carcinoma cells. We suggest that the repair of potentially lethal damage may correlate with clinical radiocurability. PMID- 7138765 TI - Immunity in Hodgkin's disease: status after 5 years' remission. AB - Immunological indices have been reassessed in 27 patients in remission from Hodgkin's disease for 5 years after treatment and the findings correlated with initial treatment and splenectomy status. Neutrophil counts were lower and lymphocyte and monocyte counts higher at 5 years' remission than at presentation; the increases in lymphocyte count were mainly a feature of the splenectomized patients. Neutrophil function (nitro-blue tetrazolium) was unchanged in remission but cellular immunity (leucocyte migration inhibition and lymphocyte transformation) was depressed at 5 years and progressive falls in serum immunoglobulins were noted. Low values of IgG and IgM were particularly found in patients who had splenectomy and chemotherapy; there was however no excess of infections in this small group. PMID- 7138764 TI - Vascular structure of five human malignant melanomas grown in athymic nude mice. AB - The vascular structure of 5 human malignant melanomas grown in athymic nude mice was characterized. The vessels were filled with a radio-opaque medium administered via the abdominal aorta of the mice. X-ray images, obtained from 720 micrometers-thick tumour sections, provided qualitative information on the vascular structure of the tumours. Histograms for vessel length, surface, and volume as a function of vessel diameter were obtained by stereological analysis of 2 micrometers-thick sections. The volume fraction of necrotic tissue in the tumours was also determined by stereological analysis. The 5 melanomas exhibited individual, characteristic vascular structures as well as individual, characteristic necrotic fractions. The total vessel length ranged from 32 +/- 2 to 80 +/- 4 mm, the total vessel surface from 1.6 +/- 0.1 to 3.8 +/- 0.2 mm2, and the total vessel volume from 0.009 +/- 0.001 to 0.022 +/- 0.002 mm3--all values per mm3 histologically intact tumour tissue. The necrotic fractions ranged from 30 +/- 1 to 49 +/- 4%, and tended to be higher in the poorly than in the well vascularized melanomas. The volume doubling times ranged from 4.2 to 21.6 days. Melanomas with short volume-doubling times had lower necrotic fractions and tended to be better vascularized than those with long volume-doubling times. PMID- 7138763 TI - Accumulation of 125I-labelled thiouracil and propylthiouracil in murine melanotic melanomas. AB - We have shown that thioamides are incorporated as false precursors into melanin during its synthesis. To be clinically useful in the diagnosis or therapy of melanotic melanomas, they would have to be tagged with an appropriate isotope or possibly a cytotoxic moiety. 125I-Thiouracil (125I-TU) is here shown to be accumulated in the melanin of melanotic melanomas transplanted into mice in a similar way as is 14C-thiouracil (14C-TU). 125I-TU gives tumour/liver and tumour/muscle ratios up to 22 and 778 respectively, at 4 days after administration. 125I-TU is accumulated by melanoma cells in vitro more effectively than 14C-TU (125I-TU/14C-TU, 2.7), while the in vivo accumulation into melanomas is slightly lower for 125I-TU as compared to 14C-TU (125I-TU/14C TU, 0.35). This appears to be due to a partial deiodination (less than 14% of the dose within 4 days) and probably a more rapid excretion of 125I-TU or its metabolite(s). The accumulation of radioactivity in the thyroid can essentially be eliminated by pretreatment with potassium iodide and/or thyroxine. 125I Propylthiouracil is also accumulated in melanotic melanoma cells in vivo and in vitro, but at a lower level than in 125I-TU and 14C-TU. PMID- 7138767 TI - In-vitro resistance of cloned human glioma cells to natural killer activity of allogeneic peripheral lymphocytes. AB - Cells from an established culture of a human astrocytoma were incubated with normal allogeneic peripheral lymphocytes (PBL) in order to study the natural killer (NK) sensitivity of the in vitro propagated cell line. A proportion of cells in culture formed halos, into which lymphocytes did not penetrate. These cells were successfully cloned and showed a decreased susceptibility to NK cytolysis compared with the parent line. Both cell lines could be transplanted into athymic nude mice. The cloned NK-resistant cells underwent a frequent spontaneous regression in nu/nu mice, despite the fact that when used as targets for nu/nu NK cells in vitro they were only moderately susceptible. Phase-contrast microscopy of the mass-cultured cells co-cultivated with lymphocytes suggested that their morphology and ability to form inpenetrable translucent halos might influence their susceptibility to NK lysis. Experiments performed on this assumption revealed that quiescent and halo forming tumour cells were not the primary targets for NK lysis. Cells in mass culture, although tumorigenic, were thus heterogeneous in respect of susceptibility to NK attack. These findings might be relevant to the mechanism of immune escape and tumour heterogeneity in respect of spontaneous cell-mediated lysis. PMID- 7138766 TI - Natural killer (NK) activity in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with benign and malignant breast disease. AB - Previous studies of natural killer (NK) activity in the peripheral blood of breast cancer patients have failed to show a reduction in cytotoxicity, an observation at variance with results obtained in other malignancies. Interpretation of the data however is complicated by the presence of treated and post-mastectomy patients in the groups studied.In this study, lymphocytes from preoperative blood samples of untreated women with benign and malignant breast disease were tested at various effector-to-target ratios for cytotoxicity activity against the NK sensitive erythromyeloid cell line, K562.A significant reduction in NK activity was observed between carcinoma patients and the control group (P=0.02). When the carcinoma group was further divided into pre- and postmenopausal patients, the reduction was found to be a feature only of premenopausal women (P=0.002). The levels of NK activity in patients with benign breast disease were not significantly different from those in controls, irrespective of menstrual status. There was no correlation between NK activity and tumour size, oestrogen-receptor or lymph-node status in the carcinoma patients.A preliminary analysis of NK activities in the control group suggests that women donating blood in the first half of their menstrual cycle show significantly reduced NK activity in comparison with those in the second half (P=0.001). This finding, coupled with the variation in NK activity shown between pre- and postmenopausal breast carcinoma patients, suggests that hormonal effects in conjunction with malignancy determine the level of NK activity in breast cancer. PMID- 7138768 TI - Human bronchoalveolar macrophage cytotoxicity for cultured human lung-tumour cells. AB - Human bronchoalveolar macrophages were separated from other free lung cells by density sedimentation on Percoll gradients. They were then tested for cytotoxicity against the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549, using a Selenomethionine-75 post-labelling assay. The cytotoxicity of the macrophages increased as the effector:target cell ratio was increased, approaching 100% at 20:1. There was no significant difference in the cytotoxicity of macrophages isolated from the lungs of bronchial-carcinoma or non-carcinoma patients. The highly cytotoxic nature of the macrophages was not due to selection of a more potent cytotoxic subpopulation of macrophages on the Percoll gradient, nor to a generally elevated activation of the macrophages due to the pathological conditions in the patients' lungs. An attempt to determine whether low concentrations of macrophages could potentiate target-cell growth proved negative. Cytotoxicity of macrophages for cultured lung target cells was not restricted to A549 cells and is not in accordance with the view that defective bronchoalveolar macrophage cytotoxicity contributes to the emergence of bronchial neoplasia. PMID- 7138769 TI - Assessing completeness of cancer registration in the north-western region of England by a method of independent comparison. AB - Incompleteness of ascertainment of new cases of any disease leads to underestimation of its incidence rate and may result in false assumptions about incidence trends if incompleteness varies over the course of time (Fraser et al., 1978). We report an attempt to assess the completeness of ascertainment in a cancer registry in the North-Western Region of England using a method based on independent comparison with accurate morbidity data. A total of 1955 verified cases of cancer from 5 independent sources covering 11 sites were used in the study. The corrected mean level of overall registration completeness was found to be 94% but this varied appreciably with site and source of data. Independent comparison is recommended as an effective method for estimating the completeness of cancer registration. PMID- 7138771 TI - In vitro cloning of human breast tumour stem cells: influence of histological grade on the success of cultures. PMID- 7138770 TI - The induction of rat bladder cancer by 2-naphthylamine. AB - The widely held belief that 2-naphthylamine is not carcinogenic for the rat has been re-examined. Twenty female Wistar rats were dosed by gastric intubation weekly for 57 weeks with 2-naphthylamine, 300 mg/kg body wt, in arachis oil and 20 controls were given arachis oil alone. Animals which became moribund were killed during the course of the experiment and the remainder after 100 weeks. A 2 naphthylamine-treated animal died at 21 weeks; all others survived 57 weeks or longer. The urinary tracts of all but two 2-naphthylamine-treated animals, which were found dead and cannibalized, were examined histologically.No neoplastic disease of the urinary tract was present in control animals. In 10 of the 2 naphthylamine-treated rats there was neither neoplasia nor hyperplasia of the urothelium, but 4 of the 18 examined histologically had large, macroscopically visible bladder cancers; one of these also had bilateral transitional cell tumours of the kidney calyces and multiple tumours in both ureters. Another animal had bilateral urothelial cancers in the ureters. The histology and ultrastructure of these urothelial cancers were comparable to those of rat transitional-cell carcinomas experimentally induced with other chemical carcinogens.These results, considered in the context both of early and more recently published biochemical studies of 2-naphthylamine metabolism in the rat, support the possibility that production of the active carcinogenic metabolite in this species may be influenced by a pH-dependent, non-enzymic mechanism in the urine, which could account for individual, strain- and diet-related variations in response in the rat. PMID- 7138774 TI - Visual perception: stage one of a long-term investigation into cognitive components of achievement. PMID- 7138775 TI - Primary dysmenorrhea, educational performance, and cognitive and affective variables in adolescent schoolgirls. PMID- 7138776 TI - Advising deaf youth to train for various occupations: attitudes of significant others. PMID- 7138772 TI - The characteristics of a canine mammary carcinoma cell line, REM 134. PMID- 7138777 TI - Histamine receptors in human skin: indirect evidence. AB - Use of differential effects of agonists and antagonists has provided an experimental basis for subdivision of histamine receptors into H1 and H2. This has enabled classification of the responses to histamine in a wide range of organs and tissues. In human skin the vascular and sensory effects of histamine have been studied, and the influence of histamine on epidermal cell growth has been evaluated in vitro. The direct vasodilator and vascular permeability actions of histamine appear to involve both H1 and H2 receptors. However, the axon reflex flare due to histamine appears to be predominantly an H1 effect. Histamine itch involves H1 receptors. These findings have prompted clinical evaluation of combined therapy with H1 and H2 antagonists in patients with urticaria. Initial results have been encouraging in patients with factitious urticaria. Histamine exerts an inhibitory action on epidermopoiesis in vitro in a number of mammalian epidermal cell outgrowth systems including human explants. The pathophysiological relevance of this effect, which involves epidermal H2 receptors and which may be cyclic AMP dependent, is unknown. PMID- 7138773 TI - Cellular immune function study in an ovarian cancer-prone kindred. PMID- 7138778 TI - Effects of intradermally injected leukotriene C4 and histamine in patients with urticaria, psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. PMID- 7138780 TI - Glucocorticoid specific binding: structure-activity relationships. PMID- 7138779 TI - Glucocorticoids and cultured human skin cells: specific intracellular binding and structure-activity relationships. AB - Cytosol fractions of both cultured human skin fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes contain macromolecules that bind glucocorticoids with high affinity. Using the cytosol of cultured keratinocytes good correlation has been found between the displacement of radiolabelled glucocorticoids (3H hydrocortisone, 3H-dexamethasone and 3H-triamcinolone acetonide) by a variety of glucocorticoids and the clinical efficacy. The structure-binding relationship studies revealed the relative contribution of various substituents on the steroid molecule for the binding affinity of the steroids. The introduction of a double bond at C1-C2, the presence of 9 alpha-fluoro atom or 11 beta-hydroxy group and the esterification of the 17 alpha-hydroxy group caused an increase, whereas esterification of the hydroxy group on C21 leads to marked decrease of the affinity of the steroid. PMID- 7138781 TI - Androgen receptors in cultured human skin fibroblasts. AB - Human skin may be considered as a target organ for androgens, since events characteristic of androgen action have been described in this tissue, as well as in cultured human skin fibroblasts. The culture of human skin fibroblasts gives the opportunity to work on living cells, under controlled conditions, in a renewable material from a single skin biopsy. Using this method, we showed the presence od DHT-receptors in the human fetus and we studied the ontogenesis of androgen receptors in relation to sexual differentiation. In the neonatal period, the physiological T rise was not concurrent with a variation in sex skin androgen receptors. The evolution of DHT binding during puberty is now under investigation. These data suggest that the androgen receptor is not modulated by plasma androgens. Androgen receptor determination is of value in defining the biochemical defects involved in partial and complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (twenty-six cases in our study). In idiopathic hirsutism, DHT binding is used to detect an eventual local hypersensitivity. Fibroblast cultures have also been shown to be an excellent model for the screening of compounds which might block the expression of androgen action by competing for the androgen receptors. Cultured skin fibroblasts are a valuable model for the study of androgen and antiandrogen action in human skin. PMID- 7138782 TI - Is the metabolism of testosterone to 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone required for androgen action in the skin? AB - The assumption that the metabolism of testosterone to 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (5 alpha-DHT) is required for androgen action in the skin was investigated by studying the uptake and metabolism of testosterone by skin and other tissues of the rat in vivo. The skin resembled the classical androgen target organs in the uptake and retention of radioactivity, but the proportions of the steroids present were markedly different. In the ventral prostate most of the testosterone was metabolized, mainly to 5 alpha-DHT, after only 20 min. In the skin testosterone was always the predominant steroid identified and androstenedione, 5 alpha-DHT, 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol, androsterone and 5 alpha androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol were only present in much smaller quantities, even after 5 h. Hypophysectomy, known to reduce the response of the sebaceous glands to testosterone in the rat, did not alter the steroid composition in the classical target organs, the preputial glands, or the plasma, but in the skin it increased testosterone metabolism without altering the levels of 5 alpha-DHT or the 5 alpha-androstane-diols. These results suggest that the 5 alpha-reduction of testosterone to 5 alpha-DHT may not be so important in the skin, or at least in the sebaceous glands, as it is in the prostate. PMID- 7138783 TI - Sex steroid hormone receptor analysis in malignant melanoma. AB - Melanomas, as well as benign pigmented nevi, long-term cell cultures of melanoma cells and sixty-six normal skin biopsies, were evaluated for oestrogen and androgen receptor activity by a dextran-coated charcoal method. Oestrogen-binding was observed in 16% and androgen-binding in 40% of all investigated tumours. Normal skin showed 4% oestrogen and 41% androgen receptor activity; melanoma cell cultures expressed the same sex steroid hormone binding as tumour material. The quantitative receptor expression was found to be significantly higher in female than in male melanoma patients. Even though the study shows that to a certain extent malignant melanoma is a hormone dependent tumour, it seems that sex steroid hormones are not exclusively related to the biological behaviour of this tumour. In future, investigations should be expanded to other hormonal influences. PMID- 7138784 TI - A cytochemical marker for epidermal differentiation, Langerhans cells, skin resident macrophages and mitochondria. AB - Incubation of unfixed and unfrozen slices of skin in diaminobenzidine allows visualization of peroxidatic activity in the perinuclear envelope and endoplasmic reticulum of normal human Langerhans cells. A similar peroxidatic activity is observed in supra-basal keratinocytes undergoing orthokeratotic differentiation. Basal keratinocytes and melanocytes are always negative. This enzyme is absent in mucous and parakeratotic (psoriatic) differentiation. A peroxidatic activity was also found in the endoplasmic reticulum of normal resident skin macrophages. Mitochondria are also strongly stained by this technique and it was shown that the number of epidermal mitochondria is greatly increased in psoriatic lesions. PMID- 7138785 TI - Plasma levels of immunoreactive erythropoietin after acute blood loss in man. AB - Plasma levels of immunoreactive erythropoietin (Ep) were measured after acute blood loss (50, 75, 200 and 450 ml) in man in order to determine the volume of blood loss required to trigger an Ep response as well as to define the reticulocyte response. There was a highly significant (P less than 0.01) linear increase in reticulocyte count after 200 and 450 ml of blood loss. Analysis of trends also showed a highly significant (P less than 0.01) linear response of haematocrit and Ep after a 450 ml blood loss. The reticulocyte count increases were not dependent on a prior increase in Ep level indicating that at least two mechanisms are operative in restoring the red cell mass to normal after blood loss. PMID- 7138786 TI - Deficient natural killer (NK) cell activity in paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH). PMID- 7138787 TI - Circulating erythroid progenitors in patients with 'spent' polycythaemia vera and myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. AB - The ability of circulating progenitor cells from patients with polycythaemia vera (PV) and myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MMM) to develop erythroid colonies was studied in cultures with and without erythropoietin. In all normal controls, patients with secondary polycythaemia and MMM, erythroid colonies developed only after the addition of erythropoietin. Only in patients with PV, both in the active and spent phases of the disease, erythroid colonies developed in the absence of erythropoietin. The results indicate the perpetuation of erythropoietin-dependent, as well as erythropoietin-independent progenitors in both phases of this disease. Although spent PV often clinically resembles MMM, there is a basic difference in the behaviour of the circulating erythroid progenitors in these diseases which may serve as a useful tool in discriminating MMM from spent PV, when there is no history of active PV. PMID- 7138788 TI - The effect of reduced oxygen tension on colony formation of erythropoietic cells in vitro. AB - The effect of reduced oxygen tension and the role of cellular components known to protect the cell against oxygen toxicity has been studied with respect to erythropoietic colony formation in vitro. Alphathioglycerol can be partially replaced by vitamin E and completely replaced by reduced glutathione (GSH) at physiological concentrations. Incubation of bone marrow and fetal liver early (BFU-E) and late (CFU-E) erythropoietic progenitor cells, in the presence of GSH, in an atmosphere containing 5% oxygen, 5% carbon dioxide and 90% nitrogen, as opposed to air supplemented with 5% carbon dioxide, resulted in an increase in colony numbers and response to erythropoietin (Epo). The number of colonies derived from bone marrow and fetal liver CFU-E increased by 1.2--2.8-fold with a relative Epo sensitivity increase of 3.5--4-fold. Bursts obtained from bone marrow and fetal liver BFU-E increased from 2.6- to 3.8-fold with an increased response to Epo of 2--3-fold. The effects of GSH and low oxygen tension are interpreted as causing a reduction in oxygen toxicity of the cells, thereby increasing the life span in vitro and so increasing the number of cells capable of forming colonies. The heightened response of BFU-E to Epo, analogous to the effect seen for CFU-E, implies that BFU-E may be responsive to physiological Epo concentrations at physiological oxygen tensions. PMID- 7138789 TI - Quantitative histology of myeloma-induced bone changes. AB - In order to quantify bone changes which occur in multiple myeloma, undecalcified transiliac bone biopsies from 118 myelomatous patients were analysed by histomorphometric methods. Osteoclastic resorption surfaces were increased compared with controls, and the number of osteoclasts/mm2 of bone section was significantly greater in the areas massively invaded by plasma cells than in less invaded areas. The osteoid surfaces were also increased and the percentage of trabeculae that exhibited tetracycline labelling was also greater, indicating increased formation surfaces. However, reduced thickness of the osteoid seams and a low calcification rate, measured after tetracycline double labelling, suggests a reduced activity for each osteoblast. The mean trabecular bone volume was not reduced as compared with controls, but the biopsies showed a heterogeneous distribution of osteolytic and osteosclerotic areas. In the invaded areas, no major histomorphometric difference was found between patients receiving chemotherapy and untreated patients, demonstrating that if usual chemotherapies reduce the tumour mass, they do not improve histological bone lesions in areas still invaded by plasma cells. PMID- 7138790 TI - Erythroblast iron metabolism in sideroblastic marrows. AB - The uptake of iron by bone marrow erythroblasts and its intracellular distribution have been studied in 23 patients with primary sideroblastic anaemia (SA), five patients with secondary SA and one patient with only non-ringed sideroblasts. EM of erythroblasts from 18 cases showed both mitochondrial iron deposits and cytoplasmic ferritin aggregates in all cases except the patient with only non-ringed sideroblasts. Iron uptake by erythroblasts in whole bone marrow was normal but there was a decreased incorporation into haem and an increased incorporation into cell stroma. Age matching of erythroblasts using Percoll density gradient centrifugation indicated that stromal iron incorporation was high at all stages of erythroblast development even before haem synthesis had become a major metabolic activity and in intermediate and late erythroblasts a real decrease in haem synthesis appeared less certain. These observations, together with the inability to correct the abnormality in vitro with either pyridoxal phosphate or delta amino-laevulinic acid suggest that the primary defect in SA may be an abnormality of mitochondrial iron metabolism rather than an abnormality of haem synthesis. PMID- 7138791 TI - Uptake of transferrin by rat peritoneal macrophages. AB - Activated rat peritoneal macrophages bind 125I-apotransferrin in a time- and temperature-dependent process, the amount of transferrin taken up at 4 degrees C amounting to only about 15% of that bound at physiological temperatures. Binding is reversible, saturable, and largely abolished by prior treatment of the cells with Pronase. A single class of high affinity binding sites is evidenced by Scatchard analysis, each cell binding about 110 000 apotransferrin molecules with an apparent affinity constant of 1.4 x 10(6) l mol-1. Macrophages are also capable of binding about one-third as much iron-saturated transferrin as iron free transferrin. Since binding of neither form of the protein is influenced by the presence of the other, separate and independent binding sites for apotransferrin and iron transferrin are presumed to exist on the macrophage. PMID- 7138792 TI - Proportional mortality patterns among chemical plant workers exposed to formaldehyde. AB - To examine the possible health risks associated with occupational exposure to formaldehyde a proportional mortality analysis was conducted on deaths occurring between 1950 and 1976 among 136 men who had been employed a month or more in one of five formaldehyde-related areas of a large chemical producing plant located in Springfield, Massachusetts, USA. Overall, no statistically significant excesses or deficits in proportional mortality were observed among the formaldehyde exposed group based on comparisons with both United States men and men from the local county area. In addition, no important differences in mortality were observed among this group when comparisons were made with 456 male decedents from the same plant who had not had a month or more of formaldehyde exposure. Within the calendar period examined, no deaths from sinonasal cancer were observed among the chemical workers studied nor was mention made on any death certificate of sinonasal cancer as a contributory cause of death. No important excesses, trends, or patterns in cancer mortality were observed among white male formadelhyde exposed workers when consideration was given to age and time period of death, type and duration of formaldehyde exposure, and the lapse period from the onset of the first formaldehyde-related job assignment. Although certain limitations of this study do not allow definite conclusions to be drawn, the results indicate no trends or patterns in proportional mortality that could be directly linked to exposures to formaldehyde. PMID- 7138793 TI - Grain elevator workers show work-related pulmonary function changes and dose effect relationships with dust exposure. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether grain handlers underwent work related changes in their pulmonary function and, if so, to examine the dose effect relationships with dust exposure. The pulmonary function of grain handlers was measured at the beginning and end of work shifts over a period of one week, during which their exposure to dust was measured daily. The results showed changes indicative of a within-day obstructive change, in addition to a small restrictive defect occurring over the course of a week. Civic outside labourers who were examined as a control group showed a similar within-week obstructive change without any associated restriction of lung volume. The data on the grain handlers were also used to examine the dose-effect relationships of dust exposure, both on baseline pulmonary function and on within-day changes in these measurements. The baseline flow rates of workers who did not wear a mask were found to vary inversely with their average exposure to respirable dust. In addition, the flow rates underwent a within-day decrease that varied directly with their corresponding exposure to respirable dust and was unrelated to mask wearing. The median of the slopes for this relationship indicated that 50% of the subjects had a decrease of at least 923 ml/s in the value of their Vmax50%VC for each 1 mg/m3 increase in the concentration of respirable dust. Non-respirable dust did not have a measurable effect either on the baseline or the within-day changes in pulmonary function. The acute changes were unaffected by age, duration of employment, or extent of smoking. PMID- 7138794 TI - A retrospective mortality study of substituted anthraquinone dyestuffs workers. PMID- 7138795 TI - Pesticide lung: a pilot investigation of fruit-growers and farmers during the spraying season. AB - A fruit-grower with large, atypical lung infiltrations and lung fibrosis triggered off an investigation of fruit-growers during the spraying season. An interview was carried out together with a Wright peak flow meter test and an x ray examination of the chest. No fewer than 156 spray preparations were used by the group; individual fruit-growers used between three and 27. In connection with spraying, 41% of subjects had one or other type of symptom; peak flow was reduced in 19% and x-ray changes were seen in 24%. A questionnaire was returned by 132 of 235 farmers. Of these, 60 had worked with biocides, 72 had not. A non-significant higher frequency of symptoms was found among those who used biocides. The results would indicate that biocides (or "pesticides") can give rise to a lung disease, "biocide lung," which comprises (1) pneumonia, radiologically demonstrable by more or less transient round infiltrations and (2) chronic progressive lung fibrosis. PMID- 7138796 TI - Organophosphorus poisoning at a chemical packaging company. PMID- 7138798 TI - Digital blood pressure after local cooling as a diagnostic tool in traumatic vasospastic disease. AB - Measurement of digital blood pressure before and after local cooling was performed in 10 men with traumatic vasospastic disease (TVD), 10 men who worked with vibrating tools but had no symptoms in arms or hands, and 10 men who had never worked with vibrating tools. The reduction in finger systolic pressure was significantly larger in the group with TVD than in either of the reference groups (p less than 0.001). There was no difference between the two reference groups. Nine of the 10 patients with TVD had a larger reduction in their finger systolic pressure after local cooling than anyone in either control group. The effects of two different room temperatures (17 degrees C and 23 degrees C) were evaluated. At the higher temperature the overlap between patients with TVD and controls was greater. The method described seems a feasible way to obtain an objective verification of TVD. PMID- 7138797 TI - Relationships between distribution of lead in erythrocytes in vivo and in vitro and inhibition of ALA-D. AB - Proteins in the ALA-D (delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase) fraction from gel filtration of erythrocyte supernatant (ES) have the highest affinity for lead among erythrocyte constituents in vivo and in vitro. It takes 20-40 hours for erythrocyte components to be equilibrated with lead added in vitro. AT low lead concentrations, under 60 micrograms/100 ml ES, the extent of decrease in ALA-D activity indicates the extent of lead saturation of ALA-D fraction proteins. The saturation is attained at 80-110 micrograms/100 ml ES. Although an appreciable amount of lead is also found in the haemoglobin fraction that contains certain factors concerned in ALA-D inhibition, lead responsible for inducing the inhibition is not bound to haemoglobin fraction proteins but to ALA-D fraction proteins. Of three treatments or agents recovering the enzyme from lead effects, zinc is the only one that can fully restore the inhibition. PMID- 7138799 TI - Cutaneous absorption of trivalent chromium: tissue levels and treatment by exchange transfusion. PMID- 7138800 TI - Increased urinary excretion of thioether in new rubber workers. PMID- 7138801 TI - A mortality study of lead workers 1925-76. AB - The principal causes of mortality of 754 individuals from a population of 1898 pensioners from four lead acid battery factories during the period 1 January 1925 to 31 December 1976 were studied. In addition the causes of 553 deaths occurring before retirement was also studied. All subjects were placed into one of three groups according to their history of lead exposure. Group 1 had no occupational lead exposure, group 2 low, and group 3 the highest. Mortality was studied in 16 principal disease groups as well as all causes combined. A significant excess of deaths from cerebrovascular accidents was found among pensioners dying between 1925 and 1976 in group 3 but not among men in the same exposure group dying in employment. There was also a significant excess of deaths from renal disease among this group. After 1958, however, the causes of most of the deaths from renal disease were not those likely to be associated with exposure to lead. There was no significant excess of deaths from all causes, nor was there a significant excess of deaths in any of the exposure groups from cancer, hypertensive disease, nor any other circulatory disease. There was no excess of observed to expected deaths among any of the three groups of women in any of the cause groups examined. After the introduction of regular blood lead analysis in 1964 the blood lead distribution in men in group 3 had by 1976 come down to roughly the same level as group 2 in 1965-7. Since there was no excess of deaths in any of the 16 categories studied among group 2 subjects present conditions are probably now adequate to prevent any excess of mortality in any of the three groups. PMID- 7138802 TI - Acute cadmium pneumonitis: a 17-year follow-up. PMID- 7138803 TI - Enzymic conversion of reticuline to salutaridine by cell-free systems from Papaver somniferum. AB - A cell-free extract from the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, was prepared that utilized hydrogen peroxide to convert (+/-)-[3-3H]reticuline to [3H]salutaridine in 80-85% yield based on consumed [3-3H]reticuline. The phenolic-coupling enzyme activity was not detected in the crude homogenate of whole plants. Reticuline conversion to salutaridine was accomplished only after methods were developed to separate both alkaloid and hydrogen peroxide degrading activities from the desired enzyme activity by centrifugal fractionation of carefully prepared stem and root extracts. Purity of the enzymatically produced [3H]salutaridine was established by chromatographic methods and synthetic conversion to [3H]-thebaine. PMID- 7138804 TI - Stepwise sequence determination from the carboxyl terminus of peptides. AB - The thiocyanate method for stepwise degradation of peptides from their COOH termini [Stark, G. R. (1968) Biochemistry 7, 1796] has been investigated. The method involves first the reaction of the COOH-terminal residue with thiocyanate in an activation solvent of acetic acid and acetic anhydride and then cleavage of the COOH-terminal residue as its 2-thiohydantoin by acetohydroxamate in aqueous solution. The two steps of the degradation have been studied by using model peptides, and conditions have been developed for the rapid efficient removal and identification of the COOH-terminal residue of short peptides. The methods have been applied to peptides that have been covalently attached to insoluble supports. In this solid phase version of the degradation, a highly substituted porous glass activated with N,N'-carbonyldiimidazole has been prepared for use as the insoluble support. A number of peptides have been coupled to the porous glass, and several rounds of the degradation have been performed on immobilized peptides. High-pressure liquid chromatography provides a rapid, sensitive identification method for the 2-thiohydantoins. In addition, gas-liquid chromatography of the amino acid 2-thiohydantoins and reconversion to the parent amino acid have been used to identify the cleaved residues. The method of sequential degradation has been applied to a number of short model peptides such as Gly-Leu-Tyr, Met-enkephalin, and Val-Leu-Ser-Glu-Gly and has been used to determine the COOH-terminal sequence of 4 residues of a 22-residue cyanogen bromide fragment of pygmy sperm whale myoglobin. PMID- 7138805 TI - Effects of proteinase--inhibitor binding on accessibility of exposed tyrosines. A photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization study of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor complexes with trypsin, chymotrypsin, and their zymogens. PMID- 7138806 TI - Allosteric transitions associated with the binding of substrate and effector ligands to T2 phage induced deoxycytidylate deaminase. AB - The binding characteristics of T2 phage induced deoxycytidylate deaminase were examined through the use of ultrafiltration and equilibrium dialysis. The positive effectors, 5-(hydroxymethyl)deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate and deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate, were bound in a highly cooperative manner, which is consistent with the allosteric effects promoted by these compounds. Their respective S0.5 values were 8 and 2 microM. A similar degree of cooperativity was associated with the binding of such competitive inhibitors of deoxycytidylate deaminase as dGMP, 4-N-hydroxydeoxycytidine 5'-monophosphate, and tetrahydrodeoxyuridylate. The negative effector, dTTP, also inhibited the binding of dCTP in a pH-dependent manner, which is consistent with its previously demonstrated inhibition of catalysis [Maley, G. F., Guarino, D. U., & Maley, F. (1972) J. Biol. Chem. 247, 931-939]. The binding of dTTP could be demonstrated only at low phosphate concentrations and did not appear to be cooperative. The number of binding sites for the allosteric ligands, substrate, and substrate inhibitors was shown to be six, which coincides with the number of enzyme subunits. It was established by CD difference spectroscopy that dCTP, at concentrations normally employed to demonstrate enzyme activation, effects a dramatic conformation transition in the deaminase, as indicated by a sharp decrease in ellipticity at about 280 nm. The nature of this response suggests that the microenvironment of some of the enzyme's tyrosyl residues had been perturbed by the presence of this allosteric nucleotide. PMID- 7138807 TI - Identification of the active-site residue of gamma-cystathionase labeled by the suicide inactivator beta, beta, beta-trifluoroalanine. AB - Inactivation of gamma-cystathionase by beta, beta, beta-trifluoroalanine, a suicide inactivator of the enzyme, results in covalent labeling of an amino group of the protein [Silverman, R. B., & Abeles, R. H. (1977) Biochemistry 16, 5515 5520]. We have established that this modified amino function is the epsilon-NH2 group of a lysine residue. A heptapeptide which includes this modified lysine residue was isolated, and its sequence was found to be Cys-Ser-Ala-Thr-Lys-Tyr Met. The amino acid sequence was the same as that determined for peptides containing the active-site lysine residue which forms a Schiff base with pyridoxal phosphate. Therefore the epsilon-NH2 group of the active-site lysine which binds pyridoxal phosphate is capable of interacting with the beta carbon of trifluoroalanine, and presumably the beta carbon of normal substrates. We therefore propose that this lysine residue may function as a proton-transfer agent in the reactions catalyzed by gamma-cystathionase. PMID- 7138808 TI - Cholesterol-phospholipid interaction in membranes. 2. Stoichiometry and molecular packing of cholesterol-rich domains. AB - A model for the molecular interaction between cholesterol and phospholipid in bilayer membranes is presented. We propose that cholesterol forms associations with phospholipids with stoichiometries of both 1:1 and 1:2. A hydrogen bond between the beta-OH of cholesterol and the glycerol ester oxygen of a phospholipid is suggested as a likely mechanism for tight binding in a 1:1 complex. A second phospholipid molecule is loosely associated with the complex to form domains of 1:2 stoichiometry, which may coexist with pure phospholipid domains. Interfacial boundary phospholipid separates these two domains. Under conditions in which interfacial phospholipid is maximal, the perturbed phospholipid assumes a composition of 20 mol % cholesterol. To account for the phase behavior and surface properties of cholesterol-lipid membranes, we propose a molecular packing model for linear arrays within the cholesterol-rich domains. In this arrangement, two rows of 1:1 complex run antiparallel with loosely associated phospholipid intercalated between them. The loosely associated phospholipid can pack in the nearly hexagonal manner in which pure crystalline phospholipid is known to pack. The model provides maximal van der Waals contact in the hydrocarbon region of the bilayer and can maintain phospholipids as cholesterol's nearest neighbors at all concentrations up to 50 mol % cholesterol. The model is compatible with the diverse experimental observations compiled by many investigators over the past decade. PMID- 7138809 TI - Proteolytic dissection of turnip crinkle virus subunit in solution. PMID- 7138811 TI - Effect of histone H1 removal on the distribution of ultraviolet-induced deoxyribonucleic acid repair synthesis within chromatin. PMID- 7138810 TI - Structural studies of P22 phage, precursor particles, and proteins by laser Raman spectroscopy. AB - For the study of the protein--protein and protein--nucleic acid interactions in the assembly of virus particles, laser Raman spectra have been obtained in H2O and D2O solutions and as a function of temperature for the following Salmonella phage P22 components: mature phage particles, isolated mature phage DNA, mature protein shells empty of DNA, precursor protein shells (procapsids), and purified coat, scaffolding and tail-spike proteins. The spectra confirm that the condensed DNA within the phage capsid assumes the B-form secondary structure similar to aqueous DNA and reveal no evidence of specific molecular interactions between subgroups of DNA and protein subunits of the phage capsid. No differences were detected in the highly irregular secondary structure of the major capsid protein in mature capsids, empty capsids (lacking DNA), procapsids, and empty procapsids (lacking scaffolding protein). Features of both primary and secondary structures of the viral scaffolding and tail-spike proteins are also revealed by the spectra. Differences in thermal stability of tyrosyl side-chain interactions were observed between scaffolding protein extracted from the procapsid and within the procapsid. These differences correspond to different hydrogen bonding configurations of p-hydroxyphenyl groups and provide indirect evidence for the participation of the scaffolding proteins in specific macromolecular interactions within the procapsid. PMID- 7138812 TI - Biosynthesis, nonenzymatic synthesis, and purification of the intermediate in synthesis of sepiapterin in Drosophila. AB - The enzymatic conversion of the D-erythro-dihydroneopterin triphosphate [H2 neopterin-(P)3] to sepiapterin occurs via a nonphosphorylated intermediate as shown by others. We have developed a high-performance liquid chromatography assay for this intermediate and have found that the intermediate (X) and two related compounds (X1 and X2) can be formed nonenzymatically under certain conditions from H2-neopterin-(P)3. The reaction is catalyzed by tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, dependent upon H2-neopterin-(P)3 concentration, significant at temperatures greater than 80 degrees C, and maximal between pH 8.5 and 9.5 (as determined at 25 degrees C). All three compounds were purified, and it was found that both X and X1 can serve as substrates for the enzymatic, NADPH dependent synthesis of sepiapterin. From the kinetics of formation from H2 neopterin-(P)3 and the similarity of the ultraviolet spectra, it is clear that X, X1, and X2 are closely related compounds. None of the three compounds is reduced by NaBH4; only X1 is sensitive to periodate oxidation. All three can be oxidized with iodine to give rise to highly fluorescent compounds that in turn can be reduced by NaBH4 to give rise to the respective parent compounds. These latter observations indicate that X, X1, and X2 are dihydropterins. These results are discussed relative to the proposed structures for enzymatically produced X. The methods described for the nonenzymatic synthesis of X and its purification should allow preparation of large amounts of X for future study. PMID- 7138813 TI - Reactivation of D-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase with short-chain lecithins: stoichiometry and kinetic mechanism. AB - D-beta-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (BDH), purified as soluble, lipid-free apoenzyme (inactive) from either beef heart or rat liver mitochondria, can be reactivated by short-chain lecithins in the monomeric state. The enzyme was reactivated with dihexanoyl- [PC(6:0)], diheptanoyl- [PC(7:0)], and dioctanoyllecithins [PC(8:0)]. The titration curves of enzyme activity as a function of the phospholipid concentration are consistent with a model in which the enzyme contains two identical, noninteracting lecithin binding sites. The simultaneous occupation of these sites (via an equilibrium random mechanism) is required to activate the apoenzyme. Similar results were obtained with both rat liver and beef heart apoenzymes. The maximal velocities obtained with the different lecithins were similar [110-140 mumol of NAD+ reduced min-1 (mg of protein)-1]. The KL values (the apparent dissociation constants of the lecithin site complexes) were 1.2 X 10(-4) M [PC(8:0)], 1.5 X 10(-3) M [PC(7:0)], and 4.5 X 10(-3) M [PC(6:0)] at 37 degrees C. This was confirmed by using phospholipase A2 to compete with the dehydrogenase for the lecithin monomers. Comparison of the delta G degrees values for complex formation with the different lecithins shows an average contribution of approximately 2.4 kJ/mol (0.9RT) per CH2 group. The interaction of the apolar moiety of lecithin with the protein seems to be essential for effective binding of phosphatidylcholine to apoBDH. The delta G degrees values, when combined with the estimated delta H degrees values, suggest that the binding of lecithin to the apoenzyme is approximately 60% enthalpy and approximately 40% entropy driven. PMID- 7138814 TI - Laser-induced europium(III) luminescence as a probe of the metal ion mediated association of human prothrombin with phospholipid. AB - 7F0 leads to 5D0 excitation spectroscopy of Eu(III) has been used to investigate the Eu(III) and phospholipid binding properties of human prothrombin. The results indicate that human prothrombin contains four high-affinity Eu(III) binding sites which are distributed into two classes of binding sites. When 4 equiv of Eu(III) is bound to prothrombin, the prothrombin is capable of binding to phospholipid vesicles. The deuterium isotope effect on the lifetime of the Eu(III)-prothrombin complex and the Eu(III)-prothrombin-phospholipid complex was used to determine the number of water molecules coordinated to the Eu(III). In both complexes, each of the Eu(III)'s coordinated to 2.5 +/- 0.5 water molecules. These results indicate that the binding of the Eu(III)-prothrombin complex to the phospholipid does not require the formation of a prothrombin-Eu(III)-phospholipid bridge. PMID- 7138815 TI - Structural similarities between acetylcholine receptors from fish electric organs and mammalian muscle. AB - Acetylcholine receptors from fish electric organ tissue and mammalian muscle were compared by peptide mapping. The alpha subunits from receptors of Torpedo californica and Electrophorus electricus electric organ tissue were digested with V8 protease and the resulting fragments separated on polyacrylamide gels and stained for protein or for carbohydrate. 125I-Labeled alpha subunits of acetylcholine receptors from Electrophorus electric organ tissue and bovine muscle were digested with V8 protease, and the resulting fragments were also separated on polyacrylamide gels. Intact receptors from both the fish electric organs and mammalian muscle were labeled with [4-(N-maleimido) benzyl]tri[3H] methylammonium iodide which binds specifically to the acetylcholine binding site on alpha subunits, and the isolated alpha subunits were subjected to the same peptide mapping procedure. The fragment patterns produced were stained for protein and fluorographed to identify active site containing polypeptides. None of these peptide mapping approaches revealed extensive homologies between alpha subunits. Intact and V8 proteolyzed sodium dodecyl sulfate denatured receptors from Torpedo and Electrophorus electric organs and bovine muscle were electrophoretically transferred to diazophenyl thioether paper and probed with antisera to Torpedo receptor subunits and two monoclonal antibodies. Unique fragment patterns were obtained with each antisubunit serum. A fragment of the same size was derived from the beta subunit of each acetylcholine receptor and was shown to specifically bind the same monoclonal antibody in each case. These results indicate that only in the beta subunits from all of the species examined is a large sequence nearly identical. However, it is likely that corresponding receptor subunits from receptors of all of these species have extensive structural homologies. PMID- 7138817 TI - Solubilization of phosphatidylcholine bilayers by octyl glucoside. AB - The solubilization of large, unilamellar egg phosphatidylcholine vesicles by the nonionic detergent octyl glucoside (OG) was investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), fluorescence anisotropy, turbidity, electron microscopy, and centrifugation followed by compositional analysis. The solubilization process is well described by the three-stage model previously proposed for other detergents. In stage I, the OG partitions between the bilayer and aqueous phases with a molar partition coefficient of 59 +/- 6. The presence of OG in the bilayers produces a small "fluidizing" effect, as indicated by changes in the NMR and fluorescence anisotropy parameters. A rearrangement that forms large mixed bilayers occurs in the latter part of stage I. Stage II, the conversion of detergent-saturated bilayers into mixed micelles, begins at a ratio of total OG concentration minus the critical micelle concentration to total phosphatidylcholine concentration of approximately 1.5 and continues until this ratio reaches about 3.0. The correction for the critical micelle concentration of the OG is necessary for comparison of experimental results obtained at different lipid concentrations. The mixed bilayer-mixed micelle interconversion is quantified by the centrifugation experiments and by 31P NMR. The agreement between the two methods is excellent. Advantages of the NMR method are discussed. In stage III, which was not studied in detail here, all of the phosphatidylcholine is present as mixed micelles. Evidence is presented that the various structures present in the dispersions are in equilibrium with one another during these experiments. PMID- 7138818 TI - Phospholipids as adjuncts for calcium ion stimulated release of chromaffin granule contents: implications for mechanisms of exocytosis. AB - Structure-function relationships for the lipid component of chromaffin granules isolated from the bovine adrenal medulla have been investigated by employing 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), freeze-fracture, and spectrophotometric techniques. Two aspects have been studied in detail, namely, the structural preferences of lipids in the isolated granule membrane and derived liposomal model membrane systems as well as the influence of exogenous lipid (in the form of sonicated vesicle systems) on the Ca2+-stimulated release of granule contents. It is shown that at least 90% of endogenous granule membrane phospholipids assume a liquid-crystalline bilayer configuration at physiological temperatures. Liposomal dispersions of total granule lipid also exhibit bilayer structure, consistent with a structural role of phospholipids in vivo. Incubation of intact isolated granules in the presence of up to 10 mM Ca2+ does not induce significant release of contents above background levels. However, it is shown that incubation of granules in the presence of sonicated phospholipid systems which undergo structural transitions in the presence of Ca2+ can cause immediate and total release of granule contents at Ca2+ levels of 2 mM or more. This behavior is attributed to disruption of granule membrane integrity due to fusion of the vesicle systems with the chromaffin granules. Direct evidence for such fusion is obtained by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. On the basis of this information and with the assumption that the inner leaflet of the adrenal cell plasma membrane is composed predominantly of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine, a mechanism of Ca2+-stimulated exocytotic release of catecholamines in vivo is proposed. PMID- 7138816 TI - Minimal size phosphatidylcholine vesicles: effects of radius of curvature on head group packing and conformation. PMID- 7138819 TI - Influence of cholesterol on the structural preferences of dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine-dioleoylphosphatidylcholine systems: a phosphorus-31 and deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance study. AB - The polymorphic phase behavior of mixtures of synthetic dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) and the influence of cholesterol on these phase preferences have been investigated by employing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. In particular, 31P NMR procedures are utilized to study the overall phase preferences of these mixed systems, whereas 2H NMR is employed to monitor the structural preferences of individual components of these systems by using versions of DOPE and DOPC which are deuterium (2H) labeled at the C11 position of the acyl chains. The results obtained show that DOPE-DOPC systems containing as little as 20 mol % DOPC initially assume lamellar structure at 40 degrees C, even though DOPE in isolation prefers the hexagonal (HII) organization at this temperature. However, this lamellar organization appears to represent a metastable state, as incubation for extended periods at 40 degrees C results in formation of a structure, possibly the cubic phase, in which the phospholipids experience isotropic motional averaging. The addition of cholesterol induces hexagonal (HII) phase organization. 2H NMR studies of appropriately labeled versions of these systems indicate that cholesterol does not produce such effects by associating preferentially with either DOPE or DOPC. Further, in situations where bilayer, hexagonal, or "isotropic" phases coexist in the same sample, the phospholipids exhibit apparently ideal mixing behavior. PMID- 7138820 TI - Dynamics of ligand binding to alpha-chymotrypsin and to N-methyl-alpha chymotrypsin. AB - Ks values for binding of selected substrates, competitive inhibitors, and a noncompetitive inhibitor were found to be similar for alpha-chymotrypsin and N methyl-alpha-chymotrypsin. The rates and steps of binding of a competitive inhibitor and a noncompetitive inhibitor were also found to be similar for alpha chymotrypsin and N-methyl-alpha-chymotrypsin. Therefore, N-methyl-alpha chymotrypsin is an appropriate model for alpha-chymotrypsin in studying the dynamics of the binding of substrates by temperature-jump techniques in aqueous solvents. 2-Toluidinylnaphthalene-6-sulfonate, a noncompetitive inhibitor, bound to alpha-chymotrypsin in a single step with rate constants k1 and k-1 of 3.9 X 10(7) M-1 s-1 and 1.9 X 10(3) s-1, respectively, at pH 5.0 (0.2 M acetate, ionic strength of 0.2). Similar values were obtained for N-methyl-alpha-chymotrypsin and chymotrypsinogen A at pH 5.0 and for alpha-chymotrypsin at pH 7.8 [0.1 M tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-0.03 M CaCl2]. Indole, a competitive inhibitor, bound to alpha-chymotrypsin in a single step at pH 5.0 and 7.8, with k1 and k-1 of 1.8 X 10(7) M-1 s-1 and 7.8 X 10(3) s-1, respectively, at pH 5.0 while proflavin, another competitive inhibitor, bound to alpha-chymotrypsin with two observable steps where k1, k-1, k2, and k-2 were 1.0 X 10(7) M-1 s-1, 7 X 10(2) s 1, 1.0 X 10(3) s-1, and 7 X 10(2) s-1, respectively, at pH 5.0. The specific substrate N-acetyl-L-3,5-dinitrotyrosine ethyl ester bound to N-methyl-alpha chymotrypsin at pH 5.0 in three observable steps where k1, k-1, k2, k-2, k3, and k-3 were 3.7 X 10(7) M-1 s-1, 6.2 X 10(4) s-1, 1.2 X 10(3) s-1, 3.5 X 10(2) s-1, 3 X 10(2) s-1, and 4 X 10(2) s-1, respectively. Preliminary data indicated that the third step of this reaction is probably absent when Met192 of N-methyl-alpha chymotrypsin is oxidized to methionine sulfoxide. These results confirm the validity of data obtained from reactions at subzero temperatures in 65% dimethyl sulfoxide in indicating multiple steps in the binding of substrates to alpha chymotrypsin. The methodology described should make it possible to measure quantitatively the contribution of the binding process to enzyme catalysis (the Circe effect). PMID- 7138821 TI - Proton and fluorine nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic observation of hemiacetal formation between N-acyl-p-fluorophenylalaninals and alpha chymotrypsin. AB - Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy shows that the free aldehyde and not the hydrate of N-acetyl-DL-p-fluorophenylalaninal binds to alpha chymotrypsin. A proton NMR cross-saturation experiment shows that the initial noncovalent complex is in equilibrium with a hemiacetal formed between the aldehyde and the active site serine residue. Fluorine NMR spectra of N-acetyl-DL- (and N-acetyl-L-) p-fluorophenylalaninal in the presence of alpha-chymotrypsin show separate signals for the hemiacetal complex, the bound aldehyde, the free aldehyde, and the free hydrate. N-Benzoyl-DL-p-fluorophenylalaninal fluorine NMR signals are also observed for all species except the bound aldehyde form in the presence of alpha-chymotrypsin. The D and L enantiomers of the hydrate of the N acetyl aldehyde inhibitor give separate fluorine NMR signals, arising from chemical exchange between the L-aldehyde-alpha-chymotrypsin complex and the free L hydrate. The enzyme-bound inhibitor fluorine signals disappear upon proton decoupling due to a negative nuclear Overhauser effect. Upon gated decoupling of protons, the L hydrate and free aldehyde fluorine signals are reduced in intensity relative to that of the D hydrate signal in the racemate aldehyde complex. This is attributed to a saturation transfer of the heteronuclear nuclear Overhauser effect. PMID- 7138822 TI - Interaction between cytochrome b5 and human methemoglobin. AB - Complex formation between purified human methemoglobin and the tryptic fragment of bovine liver cytochrome b5 has been demonstrated by the observation of a difference spectrum produced on mixing the two proteins. The intensity of this difference spectrum has been used to determine the stoichiometry of the complex formed and its stability under a variety of conditions. At pH 6.2 [25 degrees C (cacodylate buffer), mu = 2 mM], the complex has a stoichiometry of 1:1 (heme: heme) with a stability constant, KA, of (3 +/- 2) X 10(5) M(-1). This stability constant is dependent on ionic strength, decreasing to a value of (9 +/- 3) X 10(3) M(-1) at mu = 12 mM [pH 6.2 (cacodylate buffer), 25 degrees C]. Analysis of this dependence by fitting the data to a form of the Debye-Huckel equation produces a charge product of -64 +/- 14 which is in reasonable agreement with the value anticipated on the basis of the amino acid sequences of the two proteins. Determination of the pH dependence of KA revealed that the complex is most stable at slightly acidic pH (pH 6.0-6.2) or, in other words, at a pH that is approximately midway between the isoelectric pH values of cytochrome b5 and methemoglobin. The variation of KA with temperature is consistent with delta H degree = -10 +/- 3 kcal/mol and delta S degree = -12 +/- 10 eu [pH 6.2 (cacodylate buffer), mu = 5 mM]. Together, these results generate a model for cytochrome b5-methemoglobin interaction in which each hemoglobin subunit binds one cytochrome b5 by means of complementary charge interactions between oppositely charged groups on the two proteins. The probable sites of cytochrome b5 binding on hemoglobin are discussed. PMID- 7138823 TI - Regeneration of ribonuclease A from the reduced protein. Rate-limiting steps. PMID- 7138824 TI - Regeneration of ribonuclease A from the reduced protein. Energetic analysis. PMID- 7138825 TI - Observation of intermediates in the folding of ribonuclease A at low temperature using proton nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - The refolding of ribonuclease A (RNase A) has been investigated in aqueous methanol cryosolvents in the 0 to -20 degrees C range. When a thermally unfolded sample was brought under renaturing conditions (e.g., -16 degrees C, 35% methanol, pH 2.8), the refolding, as monitored by the absorbance change at 286 nm (which reflects the degree of solvent exposure of Tyr), was triphasic and took approximately 1 h for completion. The 360-MHz proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum of the native enzyme in either 35% or 50% aqueous methanol is very similar to that in aqueous solution. When the refolding of RNase A was monitored in the subzero temperature range with the signals of the His C2 protons, new resonances rapidly appeared, in addition to those from native protein. The new resonances are attributed to a partially folded intermediate state that has a relatively compact structure. Time-dependent changes were observed in the areas of the resonances from both native and partially folded species. The rates of peak area reduction for the intermediate state were the same as those for the increase in area of the native resonances, and similar to those for the second phase observed in the absorbance experiments. The results are consistent with the slow-refolding form of RNase A consisting of a least two distinct populations. A model for the folding of RNase A is proposed. PMID- 7138826 TI - Studies of beta-sheet structure in lysozyme by proton nuclear magnetic resonance. Assignments and analysis of spin-spin coupling constants. AB - Resonances of H alpha, H beta, and HN (amide) protons have been assigned in the NMR spectrum for ten residues in a region of beta-sheet structure of lysozyme. The assignments were achieved primarily by interpretation of nuclear Overhauser effects in conjunction with spin decoupling. The HN hydrogens involved in main chain hydrogen bonding were found to exchange slowly with D2O solvent, although one of the most slowly exchanging HN hydrogens is not classified as being involved in a hydrogen bond in the crystal structure. Spin-spin coupling constants between H alpha protons and HN and H beta protons correlated well with values predicted from the crystal structure by means of the Karplus relationship. For no residues are the coupling constant discrepancies greater than 2.5 HZ. This indicates that for the residues studied here the torsion angles phi and chi 1 defined in the crystal structure describe accurately, generally well within 20 degrees, those for the average solution state. PMID- 7138827 TI - Proline transport by synaptosomal membrane vesicles isolated from rat brain: energetics and inhibition by free fatty acids. AB - Synaptosomal membrane vesicles have been employed to study the energetics of proline transport and the inhibition of proline transport by unsaturated free fatty acids. Active uptake of proline into synaptosomal membrane vesicles requires extravesicular Na+ and is primarily driven by a Na+ gradient created by diluting K+-loaded vesicles into Na+-containing buffers. Uptake of proline under these conditions is enhanced up to 2-fold by a valinomycin-induced diffusion potential (interior negative). Proline transport is reduced in the absence of external C1- or internal K+. Strong (40-90%) inhibition of proline uptake occurs upon collapse of the Na+ gradient by ionophores such as gramicidin D or activation of the action potential Na+ channel by veratridine or Tityus serrulatus venom. Less (15-25%) inhibition is obtained with the proton ionophore carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, which also prevents the stimulation of proline uptake by the valinomycin-induced diffusion potential. Unsaturated free fatty acids inhibit proline uptake. The inhibition is greatest for arachidonic acid and was somewhat less for oleic acid. The saturated fatty acids palmitic and stearic have little or no inhibitory capacity. Endogenous unsaturated free fatty acids may exert similar inhibitory effects on the reuptake systems for neuroactive amino acids and thus modulate their action in the central nervous system. PMID- 7138829 TI - Adenosine 5'-triphosphate independent secretion from PC12 pheochromocytoma cells. AB - PC12 is a clonal line of rat pheochromocytoma. The cells secrete dopamine and acetylcholine by a Ca2+-dependent process. The requirement for adenosine 5' triphosphate (ATP) in secretion from PC12 was investigated. Cellular levels of ATP were decreased by brief treatments with inhibitors of glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation. In order to deplete ATP stores below 40% of control values during a 5-min treatment with these compounds, it was necessary to inhibit both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Depletion of ATP pools to as little as 10% of control values did not result in any inhibition of dopamine or acetylcholine release evoked by 55 mM K+ or by carbachol. Rather, in many cases spontaneous and evoked releases were significantly increased under these conditions. The release observed in ATP-depleted cells was Ca2+ dependent. The data indicate that, unlike the situation with most other secretory cells, secretion from PC12 is independent of ATP. In PC12 some proteins involved in the secretion process may be altered so as to make the process independent of ATP; this may be due to the fact that PC12 is a tumor cell line. Phosphotyrosine containing proteins, which are present in some other tumor cells, were not found in PC12. PMID- 7138831 TI - Isolation and characterization of a rat skin parvalbumin-like calcium-binding protein. PMID- 7138830 TI - An actin-binding site on the 20K fragment of myosin subfragment 1. AB - Myosin subfragment 1 (S1) was covalently labeled with a fluorescent dye, N-[7 (dimethylamino)-4-methyl-3-coumarinyl]maleimide (DACM), and then digested by trypsin to cleave S1 heavy chain into fragments. The DACM-labeled and trypsin treated S1 was complexed with F-actin and treated with a zero-length cross linker, 1-ethyl-3[3-(dimethylamino)propyl] carbodiimide (EDC). The cross-linking reaction generated a covalently linked complex of actin and the 20K fragment of S1 heavy chain, which exclusively incorporated the fluorescent dye, to form a fluorescent 65K cross-linked product. The 20K and 65K fluorescent peptides were isolated and purified and then subjected to cyanogen bromide and/or hydroxylamine cleavages. Mapping of fluorescent cleavage products on acrylamide gels revealed that the N-terminal 20 residues of the 20K fragment of S1 heavy chain contained a cross-linking site of actin. PMID- 7138828 TI - beta 2-Tubulin, a form of chordate brain tubulin with lesser reactivity toward an assembly-inhibiting sulfhydryl-directed cross-linking reagent. AB - Beta 1 and beta 2 are the designations given to two forms of beta-tubulin that have different electrophoretic mobilities on discontinuous polyacrylamide gels in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate [Little, M. (1979) FEBS Lett. 108, 283 286]. Beta 1 and beta 2 constitute respectively 75% and 25% of the total beta tubulin in bovine brain. Although beta 1 appears to be ubiquitous in animals, beta 2 has so far only been found in the brains of cows, pigs, deer, rats, chicks, and dogfish but not in squid brain. Beta 2 is not found in bovine kidneys, in porcine lungs, or in any nonchordate tubulin that has been examined. When tubulin is reacted with the sulfhydryl-directed reagent N,-N' ethylenebis(iodoacetamide) (EBI), beta 1, but not beta 2, is converted to a faster moving form, beta. The yield of beta 2 in this reaction is not altered by the presence of drugs. When [14C]EBI is used as a probe, most of the label is incorporated into beta 1 rather than beta 2. Tubulin molecules that have reacted with EBI to form beta are much less likely to polymerize into microtubules than are molecules that have not formed beta. In view of the observation that only beta 1, and not beta 2, can form beta, it is possible that beta 1 represents a form of tubulin whose assembly may be regulated by a mechanism involving sulfhydryls. In contrast, beta 2 may represent a form of tubulin whose assembly is regulated by some other mechanism. PMID- 7138832 TI - Unusual zwitterion of D,L-beta-carboxyaspartic acid: pKa and X-ray crystallographic measurements. AB - An investigation of the acidic properties and molecular structure of the new natural amino acid beta-carboxyaspartic acid (Asa) is described. The four pKas of Asa were determined by using a microtitration technique and are 0.8 +/- 0.2, 2.5 +/- 0.1, 4.7 +/- 0.1, and 10.9 +/- 0.1. The three pKas of 5-hydantoinmalonic acid were similarly measured and are 1.85 +/- 0.05, 4.63 +/- 0.05, and 10.20 +/- 0.05. 5-Hydantoinmalonic acid was used as a model for Asa with peptide bonds. Asa crystallizes in the monoclinic space group Cc with four molecules per unit cell of dimensions a = 13.112 (3) A, b = 8.207 (3) A, and c = 7.292 (2) A and beta = 108.03 (2) degrees. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined to final values for the discrepancy indices of R = 0.029 and wR = 0.036. The two molecules of Asa are linked by a very strong hydrogen bond between one of the beta-carboxyls and the alpha-carboxyl group of an adjacent molecule. Analysis of the pKa data indicates that the predominate zwitterion in solution results from ionization of a beta-carboxyl group. The X-ray data indicate that in the solid state the negative charge of the zwitterion is distributed approximately equally between one of the beta-carboxyls and the alpha-carboxyl group. PMID- 7138834 TI - Biochemical and crystallographic data for phaseolin, the storage protein from Phaseolus vulgaris. AB - We have isolated and biochemically characterized a major seed protein from Phaseolus vulgaris (common garden green bean) that appears to be identical with a form of the storage protein of that plant seed known as phaseolin. We have further shown that it appears very similar in most properties to the storage protein from Canavalia ensiformis (jack bean) which we have solved to 3.0-A resolution using X-ray diffraction techniques. [McPherson, A., & Rich, A. (1973) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 74, 155-160; McPherson, A., & Spencer, R. (1975) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 169, 650-661; McPherson, A. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 10472 10480]. We have crystallized phaseolin and conducted a preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis on it as well. The data show the crystals to be of pseudo cubic space group P432, although the symmetry can be, strictly speaking, only P1. The unit cell has one trimeric molecule of 150 000 daltons in a unit cell of dimensions a = b = c = 66.6 and alpha = beta = gamma = 90 degrees. The crystals apparently possess some form of disorder that makes reconciliation of the unit cell contents with the observed crystallographic properties difficult, although they do diffract strongly to better than 2.8-A resolution. No evidence of twinning has been observed. PMID- 7138835 TI - Fluorescence and nuclear relaxation enhancement studies of the binding of glutathione derivatives to manganese-reconstituted glyoxalase I from human erythrocytes. A model for the catalytic mechanism of the enzyme involving a hydrated metal ion. AB - The apoenzyme of glyoxalase I (EC 4.4.1.5) from human erythrocytes was prepared by removal of Zn2+ with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Methanol was used as a stabilizing agent. Extended dialysis was required to remove EDTA from the resulting solution of apoenzyme. Reconstitution with Mn2+ was followed by measuring enzyme activity, electron paramagnetic resonance of free Mn2+ ions, and nuclear magnetic resonance of water protons. The holoenzyme contained two Mn2+ per protein dimer and had approximately 50% of the catalytic activity of the native enzyme. The binding of the cosubstrate glutathione (gamma-L-glutamyl-L cysteinylglycine), the product S-D-lactoyl-glutathione, and the competitive inhibitor S-(p-bromo-benzyl)glutathione was monitored by the quenching of the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence and by the proton relaxation enhancement of water bound to Mn2+ in the active site of the enzyme. The dissociation constants were 1.1 mM, 0.42 mM, and 0.54 microM for glutathione, S-D-lactoylglutathione, and S-(p-bromobenzyl)glutathione, respectively. The temperature and frequency dependences of the longitudinal and transverse paramagnetic relaxation rates, 1/T1p and 1/T2p, were studied for water. The results were analyzed in terms of correlation and exchange times. In addition proton and deuteron relaxation rates were measured in parallel at two different magnetic fields. Good agreement between the two approaches of analysis was noticed. The data show that two water molecules are bound in the first coordination sphere of Mn2+ in the active site of glyoxalase I. When S-(p-bromobenzyl)glutathione or S-D-lactoylglutathione is bound to the enzyme, only one exchangeable water molecule could be detected, indicating occlusion of the second water molecule. An enediol mechanism involving the metal-bound water is proposed for the catalysis effected by glyoxalase I. PMID- 7138833 TI - Control and pH dependence of ligand binding to heme proteins. AB - The recombination after flash photolysis of dioxygen and carbon monoxide with sperm whale myoglobin (Mb), and separated beta chains of human hemoglobin (beta A) and hemoglobin Zurich (beta ZH), has been studied as a function of pH and temperature from 300 to 60 K. At physiological temperatures, a preequilibrium is established between the ligand molecules in the solvent and in the heme pocket. The ligand in the pocket binds to the heme iron by overcoming a barrier at the heme. The association rate is controlled by this final binding step. The association rate of CO to Mb and beta A is modulated by a single titratable group with a pK at 300 K of 5.7. The binding of CO to beta ZH, in which the distal histidine is replaced by arginine, does not depend on pH. Oxygen recombination is independent of pH in all three proteins. Comparison of the binding of CO at 300 K and at low temperatures shows that pH does not affect the preequilibrium but changes the barrier height at the heme. The pH dependence and the difference between O2 and CO binding can be explained by a charge-dipole interaction between the distal histidine and CO. PMID- 7138836 TI - Phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system of Staphylococcus aureus: factor IIIlac, a trimeric phospho-carrier protein that also acts as a phase transfer catalyst. AB - Factor IIIlac (FIII) consists of three identical subunits. It could be shown that each of the subunits carries a phosphoryl group upon phosphorylation (P-FIII) with phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), enzyme I, and histidine-containing phospho carrier protein (HPr). The phosphoryl group is bound to a histidyl residue in P FIII. Each subunit of FIII contains four histidyl residues. After tryptic cleavage a peptide was isolated that contained one other histidyl residue besides the active center histidine. By further cleavage of the peptide T-2 with V-8 Staphylococcus aureus protease it could be shown that His-19 in the sequence of the peptide T-2 is the active center histidine. Another peptide (1-38), caused by incomplete tryptic cleavage, could be isolated. It inhibited the phospho-transfer reaction from PEP to the sugar molecule at the step of factor III-enzyme II recognition. It competes with factor III for the binding site of enzyme II, the membrane component. It is a very hydrophobic peptide. This hydrophobic region is buried in factor III. But upon phosphorylation of factor III it is turned out. Thus P-FIII binds to Triton X-100 micelles whereas factor III does not. This conformational change caused by phosphorylation could be shown by proton nuclear magnetic resonance methods [Kalbitzer, H.R., Deutscher, J., Hengstenberg, W., & Rosch, P. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 6178-6185], by circular dichroism spectroscopy, and by the Ouchterlony double-diffusion method. Antibodies against FIII do not precipitate P-FIII. PMID- 7138837 TI - Mechanical calorimetry of large dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles in the phase transition region. PMID- 7138838 TI - Phosphorus-31 and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of divalent cation binding to phosphatidylserine membranes: use of cobalt as a paramagnetic probe. AB - The paramagnetic divalent cation cobalt has large and well-understood effects on NMR signals from ligands bound in the first coordination sphere, i.e., inner sphere ligands, and we have used these effects to identify divalent cation binding sites at the surface of phosphatidylserine membranes. 31P NMR results show that 13% of the bound cobalt ions are involved in inner-sphere complexes with the phosphodiester group, while 13C NMR results show that 54% of the bound cobalt ions are involved in unidentate inner sphere complexes with the carboxyl group. No evidence is found for cobalt binding to the carbonyl groups, but proton release studies suggest that 32% of the bound cobalt ions are involved in chelate complexes that contain both the carboxyl and the amine groups. All (i.e., 13% + 54% + 32% = 99%) of the bound cobalt ions can thus be accounted for in terms of inner sphere complexes with the phosphodiester group or the carboxyl group. We suggest that the unidentate inner-sphere complex between cobalt and the carboxyl group of phosphatidylserine and the inner-sphere complex between cobalt and the phosphodiester group of phosphatidylserine provide reasonable models for complexes between alkaline earth cations and phosphatidylserine membranes. PMID- 7138840 TI - Acid-base equilibrium of the Schiff base in bacteriorhodopsin. AB - Aqueous suspensions of dark-adapted bacteriorhodopsin (bR560) in the purple membrane of Halobacterium halobium are exposed to rapid jumps to high pH. Optical and resonance Raman measurements are carried out by using flow and stationary methods. Above pH congruent to 11.5 bR560 starts to be reversibly converted to a species absorbing at 460 nm (bR460) characterized by an unprotonated Schiff base chromophore. Above pH congruent to 13.0 bleaching takes place, first reversibly and subsequently irreversibly, to a species absorbing around 365 nm (bR365). This process competes with the formation of bR460. The pKa corresponding to the equilibrium (equation in text) is determined as 13.3 +/- 0.3. The value of the corresponding association rate constant determined from the reverse jumps (from pH 12.67 to pH 10 and 9.2) is ka = (3.5 +/- 0.5) X 10(11) M-1 s-1. Thus, starting with bR at pH 12.67 the reprotonation process is diffusion controlled as observed for homogeneous acid-base equilibria. The observed rate of dissociation when jumping from pH 6.5 to 12-13 is slower than that predicted by including the equilibrium (equation in text) The results imply that the Schiff base is titratable in the dark, but its accessibility to external OH- ions is limited. The limitations in the significance of the "apparent" value of pKa = 13.3 observed for the Schiff base titration are discussed in light of possible alterations in the structure of bR resulting from the parallel titration of other protein groups. It is suggested that a light-induced pKa change of at least nine units takes place during the photocycle of light-adapted bR. PMID- 7138839 TI - Characterization of a homogeneous arginyl- and lysyl-tRNA synthetase complex isolated from rat liver. Arginyl- and lysyl-tRNA synthetases contain carbohydrates. PMID- 7138841 TI - Binding of neurohypophyseal peptides to neurophysin dimer promotes formation of compact and spherical complexes. AB - Previous hydrodynamic studies [Rholam, M., & Nicolas, P. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 5837-5843] have demonstrated that the dimerization of a neurophysin monomer (prolate ellipsoid with an axial ratio, due to asymmetry, of 5.2) results in a decreased asymmetry (axial ratio, due to asymmetry, of 3.6) as the consequence of a side-by-side association process. By a combination of hydrodynamic measurements, including the use of sedimentation velocity, viscometry, and fluorescence polarization spectroscopy, the influence of hormone binding on the shape and asymmetry properties of the neurophysin dimer was evaluated. The binding of ocytocin, vasopressin, and the tripeptide analogue of the N-terminal sequence of ocytocin, Cys(S-Me)-Tyr-Ile-NH2, results in an increase of S020,W and a decrease in both the reduced viscosity and rotational relaxation time of the bis-liganded dimeric species vs. the nonliganded form. The axial ratio (a/b) due to asymmetry of the ligand-bound dimers was found in each case to be equal to, or slightly greater than, 1.0, indicating a compact spherical shape (Stokes radius 21 A). The profound alteration on molecular dimensions observed upon ligand binding is shown to be the consequence of a ligand-induced conformational change and might explain the intradimeric binding sites positive cooperativity. It is tentatively proposed that the pseudospherical shape of the neurophysin-hormone complexes may enhance the stability of neurophysin and contribute to the prevention of leakage of neuropeptides through the membrane of neurosecretory granules. The data provide a remarkable example of a small protein with a high content in disulfide links and that undergoes conspicuous changes in conformation under the influence of nonapeptide, or tripeptide, ligands. PMID- 7138842 TI - [25-oxindolylalanine]glucagon and [27-methionine sulfoxide]glucagon: preparation, purification, and characterization. PMID- 7138843 TI - Interactions of some novel amide-linked bis(acridines) with deoxyribonucleic acid. AB - A novel series of bis(acridines) has been synthesized in which the two potential intercalating chromophores are separated by symmetrical amide-linked chains varying in both length and conformational flexibility. By comparison to a monointercalating adduct, mono- vs. bis-intercalative behavior has been established for the bis(acridines). Spectrophotometric (visible, circular dichroism, and fluorescence) and viscometric (linear sonicated and closed circular superhelical DNA) experiments indicate that a highly rigid 8.8 A separated bis(acridine) monointercalates, whereas the longer and more flexible bis(acridines) are capable of bis-intercalation. In addition, spectrophotometric studies suggest a correlation between the tendency of intramolecular association and the ability to bis-intercalate. The results are in agreement with predictions based on the neighbor-exclusion principle and indicate that connecting chain rigidity is capable of playing a determining role in the mono- vs. bis intercalation mechanism. PMID- 7138844 TI - Anion binding and pH-dependent electrostatic effects in ribonuclease. AB - The solvent-accessibility-modified, Tanford-Kirkwood, discrete charge model for electrostatic effects is applied to both ribonuclease A and ribonuclease S. The behavior of individual titratable sites and the pH-dependent free energy of denaturation are correctly predicted. The use of the solvent-accessibility factor in reducing charge-site interactions introduces a higher Coulombic shielding for solvent-exposed sites. This shielding is interpreted as a higher local strength or alternatively a higher effective dielectric constant. Specific anion binding sites are determined by locating areas of high positive electrostatic potential at the protein solvent interface. The potential and thus the anion affinity of a given site are calculated and shown to vary with the pH-dependent charge array. pH-dependent anion binding constants are calculated for the ribonuclease S active site. These binding constants and the predicted response of the active-site histidine pK1/2 values to anion binding are shown to agree with experimental determinations. PMID- 7138845 TI - Orientation of nucleosomes in the thirty-nanometer chromatin fiber. AB - We have measured the linear dichroism of Mg2+-stabilized and dimethylsuberimidate cross-linked 30-nm chromatin fibers, using electric fields to produce orientation. The limiting dichroism of Mg2+-stabilized fibers at low monovalent ion concentration is -0.09, with indistinguishable results for avian erythrocyte and calf thymus chromatin. Correction of the apparent dichroism signal for an absorbance change that becomes significant at high electric field yields the dichroism of -0.09 and reveals that the fibers reach saturation of their orientation by about 15 kV/cm. Calf thymus chromatin fibers cross-linked at 100 mM NaCl concentration have a dichroism of +0.05, with a dependence of orientation on field similar to that observed for Mg2+-stabilized fibers. Comparative sedimentation studies of Mg2+-stabilized fibers and fibers in 100 mM cross linking buffer revealed a 25% sedimentation coefficient increase accompanying the dichroism increase from -0.09 to +0.05. We interpret the results to mean that the nucleosomal disk diameters form an angle of about 30 degrees to the chromatin fiber axis in Mg2+-stabilized fibers at low monovalent ion concentration. When 100 mM NaCl is added, the fiber becomes more compact, and the disk diameter angles increase by 8 degrees, to about 38 degrees. Cross-linking itself may also contribute slightly to fiber compaction. The results are consistent with a large longitudinal compressibility of the 30-nm fiber, a feature required for the bendability necessary when the fiber is further coiled to form structures such as chromosomes. Our results indicate that compression is accommodated by small changes in the angular orientation of the nucleosomal disks. PMID- 7138846 TI - Extreme state of ionization of benzylsuccinate bound by carboxypeptidase A. PMID- 7138847 TI - Purification and characterization of L-gulonolactone oxidase from chicken kidney microsomes. PMID- 7138848 TI - Largomycin: preparation, properties, and structure. AB - Largomycin has been purified to homogeneity by chromatography on hydroxylapatite whereby carbohydrate and protease impurities were removed. Largomycin is an acidic protein (pI 4.13, molecular weight 29300) which forms a dimer in phosphate buffer. An N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis from the amino-terminal residue gave, for the first 32 residues, Asp-Ile-Leu-Ile-Ala-Gly-Ala-Thr-Gly-Asn Val-Gly-Lys-Pro-Leu-Val-Glu-Gly-Leu-Leu - Ala-Ala-Gly-Lys-Pro-Val-Arg-Ala-Leu-Thr Arg-Asn... The sequence from the carboxyl terminus was -Ala-Ala-Leu-Phe-OH with threonine, valine, and glutamic acid being released upon prolonged digestion. The same amino acid sequences were found for largomycin prepared from either the culture broth or the mycelium of Streptomyces pluricolorescens. The similarities extended to the other physical properties, the antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Sarcina lutea, and the antitumor activity against KB cells. Largomycin inhibits the biosynthesis of DNA and RNA. An iodinated derivative did not bind to KB cells. The antimicrobial activity was lost following ultraviolet irradiation, protection against which was not afforded by p aminobenzoic acid. PMID- 7138849 TI - Calorimetric evidence for phase transitions in spin-label lipid bilayers. AB - Dispersions of pure, spin-label phosphatidylcholines in aqueous buffer have been investigated with the Privalov high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimeter. The lipids studied are mixed-chain ones in which C-2 of glycerol bears a spin-label derivative of stearic acid and the fatty acid group at C-1 is palmitate. A well-defined phase transition is observed at 30.3-30.7 degrees C for the phosphatidylcholine labeled near the polar end of the stearate chain (label at C-5). A sharp transition (32-34 degrees C) is also observed for the lipid spin labeled near the terminal methyl of stearate (label at C-16), but the thermodynamic parameters for this lipid depend strongly on the history of the sample. Calorimetric evidence for hysteresis in the phase transition of the C-16 labeled lipid is presented. In contrast to the above spin-label lipids, the lipid labeled at C-12 does not show a sharp transition in the region 5-35 degrees C. In general, therefore, the thermal behavior of the spin-label phosphatidylcholines resembles that of phosphatidylcholines bearing double bonds or branched methyl groups at similar locations on acyl chains. During synthesis of mixed-chain lipids, migration of acyl chains occurs. Methyl esterification procedures which are compatible with the acid-labile spin-label group are described. Gas chromatographic analysis of methyl esters shows that chain migration during synthesis gives 15-20% of the spin-label fatty acid at the glycerol C-1 position. PMID- 7138851 TI - Effects of Q metabolites and related compounds on mitochondrial succinate and NADH oxidase systems. AB - The effects of Q metabolites (Q acid-I, Q acid-II) and related compounds (dihydro Q acid-I, dehydro Q acid-II, QS-n, and their esters) on mitochondrial succinate and NADH oxidase systems were investigated. The activity restoring succinate oxidation in acetone-treated beef heart mitochondria was found to decrease with descending order of carbon number (n) of the side chain of the Q metabolites; activity was restored with Q acid-I (n = 7) to one-third as much as that with Q-7 and Q-10, but Q acid-II (n = 5) did not restore any activity. Of the related compounds with a carboxyalkyl group (QS-n), QS-16-QS-18 (n = 16-18) were found to be most active, and their activities were also correlated with n. The relationship between the restoration of activity and the partition coefficient was considered. NADH oxidation in pentane-treated beef heart submitochondrial particles could be restored with esters of low molecular weight quinones to the same extent as with Q-10, but not with the metabolites. PMID- 7138852 TI - PH-jump-induced ADP phosphorylation in mitochondria. AB - Mitochondria, uncoupled by aging or by freeze-thaw treatment, are able to synthesize ATP from ADP and Pi after a fast increase (but not decrease) in the external pH. The maximal ATP yield (approx. 2.5 ATP molecules/electron-transport chain per pH jump) can be obtained under the following conditions: (1) the pH change during the jump must exceed 0.7 pH units; (2) in the course of this change, the pH of the mitochondrial suspension must cross the pH 8.1-8.3 value. This pH-jump-induced ATP synthesis is completely inhibited by oligomycin. PMID- 7138850 TI - Use of multiple isotope effects to determine enzyme mechanisms and intrinsic isotope effects. Malic enzyme and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. PMID- 7138853 TI - The effect of pH on the size of liposomes formed by cholate dialysis. PMID- 7138854 TI - Kinetics of protein-mediated transfer of rat pancreatic microsomal phosphatidylinositol to liposomes. AB - Pancreatic microsomes were isolated from fasted and pilocarpine-injected rats and the microsomal phosphatidylinositol radiolabelled with myo-[2-3H]inositol by isotopic exchange. A standard reaction mixture was established in which partially purified rat liver phosphatidylinositol exchange proteins sustain a maximal rate of phosphatidylinositol transfer from rat pancreatic microsomes to liposomes. Determination of the transfer kinetics shows (1) that pancreatic microsomal phosphatidylinositol is partitioned approximately equally between a non exchangeable and a single exchangeable pool and (2) that cholinergic stimulation does not significantly change the relative sizes of the two pools nor the exchange half-life of the latter pool. PMID- 7138855 TI - Interfacial free energies of intact and reconstituted erythrocyte surfaces. Implications for biological adhesion. AB - Model cell surfaces consisting of phospholipids or phospholipids and the erythrocyte membrane glycoprotein glycophorin have been formed at an oil/water interface. Interfacial free energies have been estimated from surface wetting by both hydrophobic and hydrophilic test droplets on both the model surfaces and on intact erythrocytes. The use of a dense fluorocarbon oil to form the oil/water interface facilitates analysis by minimising surface deformation by the test drop. Hydrophobic test droplets (polar hydrocarbon oils) show increasing contact angles (decreasing wetting) with increasing hydrophilicity (decreasing interfacial free energy) of the model interface. Hydrophilic test droplets (phase separated aqueous polymer systems) show the opposite behaviour spreading more as the interfacial free energy is decreased. Both systems give similar estimates of the interfacial free energy. Glycophorin reproduces the wetting properties of intact cell surfaces by reducing the lipid-water interfacial free energy from 5.10(-3) J . m-2. From molecular considerations it is concluded that 'cell surface free energy' is an ambiguous term; its magnitude depends on the location of the interface in question. Thus, in a thermodynamic analysis of interactions at biosurfaces (such as cellular adhesion, chemotaxis or membrane fusion), the interfacial free energies may vary by more than three orders of magnitude depending on the location of the particular interface. PMID- 7138857 TI - Ultrastructure, composition of neutral lipids and their fatty acids of Candida tropicalis strain D-2 mutants resistant to the polyene antibiotic nystatin. PMID- 7138856 TI - The characteristic changes of amino acid transport during development in brush border membrane vesicles of the guinea pig ileum. AB - The characteristic changes of transport systems for amino acids during development were studied with brush border membrane vesicles from the guinea pig ileum. There was a difference of Km value for L-proline transport kinetics between the vesicles on the 10th day after birth and those on the 60th day after birth. Differences of fatty acid composition of phospholipids and unsaturated percentage of fatty acids were observed between these two vesicles. Fluorescence polarization of the vesicles on the 10th day after birth was larger than that of the vesicles on the 60th day after birth at each temperature examined. L-Proline transport at a substrate concentration below Km was larger in the vesicles on the 60th day after birth than in the vesicles on the 10th day after birth at each corresponding temperature. Differences of L-leucine transport characteristics were not observed between these two vesicles. These results suggest that the characteristic changes of L-proline and L-leucine transports during development are different and the characteristics of L-proline transport are regulated at least in part by membrane fluidity which is controlled by membrane lipid composition. PMID- 7138858 TI - Kinetic characterization and substrate requirement for the Ca2+ uptake system in platelet membrane. AB - An ATP-dependent mechanism for Ca2+ uptake in human platelet membrane fractions has been identified and characterized. Ca2+ uptake into a membrane fraction is shown to be stimulated at low concentrations of ATP and Ca2+ and to require magnesium ions. Initial rate kinetics, using Eadie-Scatchard analysis, indicated a single class of calcium uptake sites in the presence of ATP, with a Kd for free [Ca2+] of 0.145 microM. Ca2+ uptake in the presence of several ATP concentrations demonstrates that ATP binds to at least two sites, representing high and low affinities of 3.21 and 80.1 microM, respectively. The neuroleptic drug fluphenazine inhibited ATP-stimulated calcium uptake (IC50 = 55 microM), suggesting this ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake system may provide a useful ion transport model with which to study neuroleptic therapy in humans. PMID- 7138859 TI - Acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo. Preferential solubilization and efficient reintegration into lipid vesicles. AB - The acetylcholine receptor has been effectively solubilized from Torpedo californica electroplax under defined conditions with the nonionic detergent, beta-D-octylglucopyranoside. Preferential solubilization of the receptor protein, with regard to yield and specific alpha-bungarotoxin binding activity, occurs in the absence of salt and diminishes when NaCl is present in the solubilization media (greater than or equal to 50 mM). Conversely, elevated salt concentrations increase the solubilization of bulk membrane proteins including the peripheral membrane enzyme, acetylcholine esterase. Additional selectivity for the solubilization of acetylcholine receptor can be obtained by adjusting the detergent to membrane phospholipid molar ratio within a narrow optimum range (4.1 to 6.7). Purified acetylcholine receptor and electroplax total lipid are utilized to reconstitute chemically excitable membrane vesicles. Reconstitution is achieved by dialysis of octylglucopyranoside from lipid/detergent/receptor protein mixed micelles and the resulting vesicles are analyzed by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Extensive incorporation of the acetylcholine receptor within the lipid vesicles is obtained at lipid concentrations greater than 18 mg/ml with lipid/protein ratios ranging from 12/1 to 60/1 (w/w). Reconstituted receptor vesicles and native receptor-enriched membranes exhibit similar agonist induced effluxes of 22Na+ with 50% of the maximum response occurring at carbamylcholine concentrations of 1.8 X 10(-5)M and 3.4 X 10(-5)M, respectively. At saturating carbamylcholine concentrations (10(-2)M) the agonist-induced efflux of 22Na+ for both native and reconstituted acetylcholine receptor is (6-7) X 10(13) cpm 22Na+ per mol of receptor. The efflux responses exhibited by either preparation can be effectively blocked by preincubation with carbamylcholine ('desensitization'). The similar behavior of native and reconstituted acetylcholine receptor indicates that octylglucopyranoside-purified receptor retains all of the necessary determinants for proper ligand binding and ion translocation. PMID- 7138860 TI - Organization of the glycosphingolipid asialo-GM1 in phosphatidylcholine bilayers. AB - An affinity purified monovalent ferritin conjugate of Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA 60) is used with freeze-etch electron microscopy to study the ultrastructural localization of the glycosphingolipid asialo-GM1 in multilamellar phosphatidylcholine liposomes. Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) liposomes containing up to 20 mol% asialo-GM1 and quenched below the main transition temperature show a striking linear localization of ferritin-RCA 60 between phospholipid ridges. The glycosphingolipid localization is similar to that postulated for up to 20 mol% cholesterol in pure phosphatidylcholine bilayers by Copeland, B.R. and McConnell, H.M. (Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 599, 95-109 (1980)). Above the main phase transition temperature, asialo-GM1 appears to be organized into clusters, especially in palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC) liposomes. This clustered distribution of glycosphingolipids seen above the phase transition temperature suggests that this type of lipid may exhibit compositional domain structure in biological membranes. PMID- 7138861 TI - Reduced erythrocyte deformability associated with calcium accumulation. PMID- 7138862 TI - Effect of N-ethylmaleimide on leucine transport in Chang liver cells. I. stimulatory effect on Na+ -independent transport at low concentrations of leucine. AB - Pretreatment of Chang liver cells with N-ethylmaleimide (0.5 or 1 mM) stimulated Na+ -independent uptake of leucine at low concentrations (less than or equal to 1 mM). The stimulatory effect of N-ethylmaleimide on the uptake of leucine measured in Na+ -replete medium was completely blocked by the addition of beta-2 aminobicyclo[2,2,1]heptane-2-carboxylate (5 mM), which shows that the L system participates in the stimulation. The Na+ -dependent uptake of glycine was depressed by N-ethylmaleimide pretreatment. The stimulation of the Na+ independent component of leucine uptake continued for at least 30 min after N ethylmaleimide treatment, while the inhibition of glycine uptake was progressive with time and the Na+ -dependent uptake of leucine became depressed later, after the treatment. It has been demonstrated that treatment of cells with N ethylmaleimide is capable of increasing the Na+ -independent influx of leucine and at the same time slightly decreasing the efflux of it. These results suggest that N-ethylmaleimide attacks the Na+ -independent system of amino acid transport at the reactive SH groups(s) of relevant protein(s) in favor of specific activation of that system in this cell. PMID- 7138865 TI - Membrane thiol-disulfide status in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient red cells. Relationship to cellular glutathione. AB - The behavior of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-deficient red cell membrane proteins upon treatment with diamide, the thiol-oxidizing agent (Kosower, N.S. et al. (1969) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 37, 593-596), was studied with the aid of monobromobimane, a fluorescent labeling agent (Kosower, N.S., Kosower, E.M., Newton, G.L. and Ranney, H.M. (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76, 3382-3386) convenient for following membrane thiol group status. In diamide-treated G6PD-deficient red cells (and in glucose deprived normal cells), glutathione (GSH) is oxidized to glutathione disulfide (GSSG). When cellular GSH is absent, membrane protein thiols are oxidized with the formation of intrachain and interchain disulfides. Differences in sensitivity to oxidation are found among membrane thiols. In diamide-treated normal red cells, GSH is regenerated in the presence of glucose and membrane disulfides reduced. In G6PD-deficient cells, GSSG is not reduced, and the oxidative damage (disulfide formation) in the membrane not repaired. Reduction of membrane disulfides does occur after the addition of GSH to these membranes. A direct link between the thiol status of the cell membrane and cellular GSH is thereby established. GSH serves as a reductant of membrane protein disulfides, in addition to averting membrane thiol oxidation. PMID- 7138864 TI - Cholinergic receptors of rat lymphocytes during adjuvant polyarthritis. PMID- 7138863 TI - Alterations of red cell membrane proteins and hemoglobin under natural and experimental oxidant stress. PMID- 7138866 TI - The effects of hydrazine on sickle cells. PMID- 7138867 TI - Normal response of fanconi's anemia cells to high concentrations of O2 as determined by alkaline elution. AB - In this investigation, normal and Fanconi's anemia fibroblasts were exposed to high concentrations of oxygen and the effects of this treatment on DNA were analyzed by alkaline elution. No DNA single-strand breaks were detected in either cell type with up to 20 h incubation in high(50-95%) concentrations of O2. No evidence of DNA damage by O2 could be detected with an endonuclease preparation from Micrococcus luteus. Cells which have been treated with various DNA-damaging agents in the presence of the polymerase inhibitor cytosine arabinoside have been shown to accumulate DNA single-strand breaks during DNA excision repair. When cells were treated with the polymerase inhibitor in 50 or 95% O2, a low level of DNA single-strand breaks accumulated in both cells types. However, no significant differences in the frequency of DNA single-strand breaks were detected between normal and Fanconi's anemia cells after exposure to high O2. PMID- 7138868 TI - Adenovirus DNA replication in vivo: properties of short DNA molecules extracted from infected cells. AB - Adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) DNA replicating in intact HeLa cells was pulse-labeled with [3H]thymidine extracted by the procedure of Hirt and analyzed on neutral sucrose gradients. In addition to viral replicative forms (over 33 kb), slowly sedimenting species of DNA (0.05-3 kb) was observed. Hybridization analysis showed that this DNA contained about 30% Ad5 DNA sequences. Analysis of the sensitivity of this DNA to the 5' OH-specific spleen exonuclease after alkali or RNAase treatment revealed that about 80% of these molecules contained ribonucleotides. DNA in this fraction was labeled at the 5' end with 32P and hybridized together with control 3H-labeled Ad5 DNA to Hpa I restriction fragments immobilized on nitrocellulose paper. Many of these small molecules were located near the termini. Alkali treatment prior to hybridization decreased the 32P/3H ratio throughout the genome. This suggests that some of these Ad5 molecules possess ribonucleotides and therefore may be intermediates in discontinuous DNA replication. Longer molecules (over 0.5 kb) were found sedimenting with viral replicative forms and mature DNA. The Ad5 molecules in this fraction showed no evidence of alkali-labile termini. PMID- 7138870 TI - Ellipticine-induced protein-associated DNA breaks in isolated L1210 nuclei. AB - DNA intercalating agents have been found to produce protein-associated DNA strand breaks in mammalian cells. At a first step towards a subcellular system for the study of this reaction, we demonstrate that the reaction can take place in isolated cell nuclei. Ellipticine induces in these nuclei DNA strand breaks and stable DNA-protein complexes. Complexes and breaks are present in equivalent amounts. DNA breaks are revealed only if protein-mediated DNA adsorption to filters is abolished. These findings make it unlikely that similar effects observed in cells in culture after treatment with intercalating agents are caused by metabolically activated drugs. PMID- 7138869 TI - Divergence of protamine gene sequences in fish. AB - Complementary DNA to trout protamine mRNA was hybridized to excess genomic DNA from trout, salmon and yellow perch. Although there was extensive hybridization of the cDNA to trout DNA, no cross-reaction with yellow perch DNA was observed and the hybridization to salmon DNA was noticeably less than in the homologous reaction. To confirm these results, yellow perch protamine mRNA was purified and compared directly to trout protamine mRNA. Yellow perch protamine mRNA was shorter than trout protamine mRNA, when measured by agarose gel electrophoresis in the presence of methyl mercury hydroxide. The two mRNAs did not cross-react in cDNA/RNA hybridizations, although the homologous reactions went to 90% of completion. This lack of sequence homology was confirmed when the oligopyrimidine tracts from the cDNAs were compared. No sequences longer than tetranucleotides were common to both species. Trout protamine cDNA contained oligopyrimidines of composition C7T4, C4T2, C3T2, C2T3, C1T5 and C1T4 whereas yellow perch protamine cDNA contained C6T3 and C4T3. PMID- 7138871 TI - The roles of different repair mechanisms in the ultraviolet resistance of Micrococcus luteus. AB - In ultraviolet-irradiated Micrococcus luteus wild type the replication of DNA was not interrupted at every pyrimidine dimer, in contrast to that in ultraviolet sensitive G7 and some other mutants. The contribution of uninterrupted replication to the ultraviolet resistance of M. luteus proved to be equal to the contributions of excision repair and inducible postreplication repair. It was found that some postreplication gaps could be filled by constitutive pathways of postreplication repair when inducible pathways were suppressed by chloramphenicol. Prolonged treatment with chloramphenicol was shown to block not only inducible repair but also other processes essential for ultraviolet irradiation survival. PMID- 7138872 TI - Prenatal appearance of a short nucleosomal DNA repeat length in neurons of the guinea pig cerebral cortex. AB - The organization of chromatin in neurons of the cerebral cortex of the guinea pig brain was analyzed by digesting isolated nuclei with micrococcal nuclease. During development, cortical neurons were observed to undergo an alteration in chromatin structure which results in an atypically short nucleosomal DNA repeat length of 164 bp. This change in chromatin organization occurs postnatally in certain mammals but in the guinea pig it takes place prior to birth between days 32 and 44 of fetal development. This suggests that the appearance of the short nucleosomal DNA repeat length in cortical neurons correlates to a particular stage of differentiation of cortical neurons rather than to the event of birth. PMID- 7138873 TI - The presence of elements of a dinucleotide fold in UDP-glucose 4-epimerase from Saccharomyces fragilis. AB - UDPglucose 4-epimerase (EC 5.1.3.2) from Saccharomyces fragilis is a holoenzyme containing 1 mol NAD per mol dimeric protein. The enzyme can be dissociated with p-chloromercuribenzoate and can be reconstituted in the presence of 2 mercaptoethanol and exogenous NAD. Using Cibacron blue F3GA in this reconstituting system, competition between NAD and the dye for the pyridine nucleotide-binding site could be demonstrated. Inactive holoenzyme containing Cibacron blue can also be obtained under these conditions. These data suggest the possible presence of elements of a dinucleotide fold in this enzyme. PMID- 7138874 TI - Stability of dehydrogenases. III. Malate dehydrogenases. AB - Cytoplasmic and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenases from pig and chicken were studied by chemical modification of amino groups, hybridization of immobilization. Determination of thermal stability was used to characterize the different species. Modification of amino groups was found to decrease thermal stability especially when neutralization of the positive charges occurred. Decreased thermal stability correlated with decreased reassociation of immobilized monomers and modification in the monomeric state completely inhibited reassociation. Thus some lysines seem to be implicated within the subunit contacts. Active monomers of the mitochondrial forms as demonstrated earlier (Jurgensen, S.R., Wood, D.C., Mahler, J.C. and Harrison, J.H. (1981) J. Biol Chem. 256, 2383-2388) were found to display unaltered kinetic properties. From hybridizations the mechanism of thermal denaturation of malate dehydrogenases was concluded to contain a rate-limiting cooperative transaction of both monomers within the dimer, as was found earlier for tetrameric lactate dehydrogenase (Muller, J. (1981) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 669, 210-215 and Muller, J. and Klein, C. (1981) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 671, 38-41). PMID- 7138875 TI - Glycosylation of human hemoglobin A. Kinetics and mechanisms studied by isoelectric focusing. AB - The reaction between glucose and hemoglobin A (HbA) leading to hemoglobin A1c through a labile intermediate, designated anodal glycohemoglobin A, was studied in vitro using an isoelectric focusing method. Studies were performed on the kinetics of the formation and breakdown of the labile intermediate. The reactions of HbA with various aldohexoses and of hemoglobin A1c and anodal glycohemoglobin A with phenylhydrazine were studied. It is suggested that the glucose in the anodal glycohemoglobin A band is in the pyranose form of a Schiff base formed between the N-terminal amino group of the protein and D-glucose, while the fructose in hemoglobin A1c is in the pyranose form of the ketimine comprising also the N-terminal of the group. Elution peaks from ion-exchange chromatography of the hemoglobins termed HbA1a, HbA1b, HbA1c and HbA studied by isoelectric focusing revealed that: HbA1a formed two bands and HbA1b one band far toward the anode; both contained minor fractions of HbAlc and HbA; HbAlc appeared as a single band, while HbA was contaminated with some HbA1c. Hemoglobulin A1c purified by isoelectric focusing eluted as one peak when analysed by ion-exchange chromatography, while anodal glycohemoglobin A co-eluted with the first HbA1c fractions in the chromatogram. From kinetic studies it appeared that the rate constant for formation (k1) of anodal glycohemoglobin A was 0.096 . 10(-3) l/mol . s-1 at 37 degrees C. The constant for dissociation (k-1) was 0.10 . 10(-3) s-1. From these an equilibrium constant K of 0.96 l/mol was calculated. The apparent Arrhenius activation energies for the (k1) and (k-1) reactions were 42.5 and 47.5 kJ/degree, respectively. Consequently the equilibrium constant K is predicted to be nearly temperature-independent within the temperature range investigated. This was fully substantiated by experiments conducted at different temperatures. Furthermore, the values of the apparent Arrhenius activation energies allows the values of the rate constants to be calculated at any temperature within the experimental temperature range. This information is of importance for a closer understanding of the mechanisms of glycohemoglobin accumulation in red blood cells. PMID- 7138876 TI - Synergistic effect of Ca2+ and Mg2+ upon the interaction of phosphorylase kinase with glycogen. AB - Phosphorylase kinase (ATP: phosphorylase-b phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.38) forms molecular complexes with glycogen over a range of conditions. The extent of interaction at pH 7.0, 20 degrees C, is greatly enhanced in the simultaneous presence of Ca2+ and Mg2+. If either cation is absent, the extent of complex formation is substantially reduced. Significant changes in the physical properties of phosphorylase kinase are observed in the presence of Ca2+ plus Mg2+, suggesting that a conformational change may occur under these conditions. PMID- 7138877 TI - Interaction of Ni2+ with the tubulin-microtubule system. AB - In vitro polymerization of purified goat brain tubulin is stimulated at low Ni2+ concentration, whereas at high nickel concentration (greater than 1 . 10(-4)) polymerization is inhibited. Ni2+, over the concentration range of 1 . 10(-4)-1 . 10(-3) M, enhances the rate of colchicine binding to tubulin, although in its presence the colchicine binding site of tubulin is degraded at a much faster rate at 37 degrees C. Finally, incubation of tubulin with Ni2+ at 37 degrees C gradually alters the native conformation of the protein, as revealed by the quenching of intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence. PMID- 7138879 TI - Identity of calcitonin extracted from normal human thyroid glands with synthetic human calcitonin-(1-32). AB - Calcitonin in human thyroid glands obtained at autopsy from normal subjects were extracted with 2 M acetic acid. The extracts were additionally purified by adsorption to Sep-Pak C18 cartridges, and calcitonin was identified after gel filtration analysis, reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), thin-layer chromatography and isoelectric focusing. The purification steps were monitored by radioimmunoassay, and partially purified calcitonin was used for biological and physicochemical comparison with synthetic human calcitonin-(1-32) and its Met8-sulfoxide form. On gel filtration analysis a predominant peak coeluted with the synthetic hormone, and on HPLC two discrete peaks with the retention times of monomeric and dimeric human calcitonin were found. Thin-layer chromatography allowed the detection of two peaks with the Rf of human calcitonin (1-32) and of its sulfoxide, respectively. The pI (7.9) of the predominant peaks of synthetic calcitonin were identical. Our findings provide strong evidence that the predominant forms of human calcitonin extracted from normal thyroid glands correspond to synthetic calcitonin-(1-32) and to dimeric calcitonin. PMID- 7138878 TI - Isolation and characterization of a new form of the porcine pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor. Biochemical studies and high-resolution 1H-NMR. AB - A new active form of porcine PSTI (pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor) was isolated during the fractionation by ion-exchange chromatography of the already known forms PSTI I and II. Biochemical and 1H-NMR techniques were used to characterize the new inhibitor, which is referred to as PSTI III. The amino acid composition, the nature of the N-terminal residue and data obtained from the tryptic peptides and indicate that PSTI III lacks the N-terminal octapeptide of PSTI I; hence, it starts and ends with disulfide bridges. The conclusion is supported by the 1H-NMR spectrum of the protein at 270 MHz. The biological activity and the most prominent conformational and dynamic features of forms I and II are retained in inhibitor III. However, PSTI III appears to be less compact than its parent forms I and II, suggesting that in the latter inhibitors an interaction between the N-terminal tail and the bulk of the protein may contribute to the overall stability. The genetic origin of PSTI III is discussed. PMID- 7138880 TI - The severed activation segment of porcine pancreatic procarboxypeptidase A is a powerful inhibitor of the active enzyme. Isolation and characterisation of the activation peptide. AB - The activation peptide of the monomeric procarboxypeptidase A from porcine pancreas was isolated by means of controlled trypsin digestion of the proenzyme followed by ion-exchange chromatography under dissociating conditions (7 M urea). The molecular weight of the isolated peptide was estimated to be around 11500 12000 (corresponding to approx. 100-103 residues) as judged by SDS electrophoresis and amino acid analysis, a figure that agrees with the differences between the corresponding values for procarboxypeptidase A and carboxypeptidase A (peptidyl-L-amino acid hydrolase, EC 3.4.17.1). The activation peptide has a high content of hydrophobic and acidic amino acids, and lacks cysteine. A remarkable feature is the strong competitive inhibitory action of the peptide on both porcine and bovine pancreatic carboxypeptidase A activity, with a Ki in the nanomolar range, and its null ability to inhibit porcine pancreatic carboxypeptidase B (EC 3.4.17.2). The above properties, and the fact that the peptide has the same N-terminal residue (lysine) as the parent procarboxypeptidase A, suggest that the isolated peptide contains most (if not all) of the activation segment of the proenzyme. PMID- 7138881 TI - Identification of a surface actin-binding site on myosin. AB - The surface accessibility of mobile domains of rabbit fast muscle myosin subfragment-1 isoenzymes (subfragment-1(A1), (A2)) influenced by interaction with actin has been investigated by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy using the soluble paramagnetic reagents Cr(CN)6(3-), Fe(CN)6(3-), Mn2+ and the Gd3+ salt of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N",N"'-tetraacetic acid as probes. Anionic probes interact principally with lysine residues disposed close to other non charged sidechains in both isoenzymes. Additional resonances in subfragment-1(A1) not present in subfragment-1(A2) are also observed to be affected, notably the sharp signal at 3.23 ppm which derives from a -N+ (CH3)3 group found in the N terminal segment of the A1 light chain, showing that this domain of interaction with actin (Prince et al. (1981) Eur. J. Biochem. 121, 213-219) is situated at a surface location. Different probes identify a heterogeneity in the location and function of mobile sidechains. These results suggest a configurational lability in the various parts of the myosin head, differentially constrained upon interaction with actin and consistent with a structure composed of relatively rigid domains linked by more flexible regions. PMID- 7138883 TI - A fibrinogen fragment D (D intermediate) with calcium binding but without anticlotting properties. AB - Plasmin digestion of fibrinogen in the presence of Ca2+ or of EGTA leads to the formation of two sets of fragments, designated Dcate and D EGTA, respectively. Fragments Dcate, in contrast to D EGTA, bind one calcium ion and are anticlotting. Both these properties of Dcate are related to a 13-kDa carboxyl terminal stretch of its gamma-chain, which is missing in D EGTA. The molecular weights of the gamma-chains of Dcate and D EGTA are 38000 and 25000, respectively. Now we have prepared a D-fragment, Dint, which has a gamma-chain with a molecular weight of 29000. Dint binds one calcium ion per molecule but has no anticlotting properties. Thus the Ca2+-binding site of Dint (and Dcate) is directly dependent on the 4-kDa piece of the gamma-chain that is present in Dint but not in D EGTA. As a consequence, the anticlotting properties of Dcate reside in the gamma 9-kDa stretch that is absent in Dint. PMID- 7138882 TI - The effects of iodination on the polypeptide heterogeneity of thyroglobulin. AB - 19 S thyroglobulins from several mammals were prepared under conditions designed to minimize endogenous proteolytic activities. The purified iodoproteins were then fractionated by RbCl isopycnic gradient centrifugation and fractions of varying iodine content analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The dependence on the iodination level of molecular dissociability, previously reported in preparations "markedly' differing in their iodination degree, has been now ultimately assessed in all species investigated and demonstrated even for fraction differing from each other only by a few iodine atoms. Upon reduction fractions across the isopycnic gradients showed the occurrence of discrete electrophoretic bands faster than the 300,000 Da subunit: the relative amount of these peptides has been found to be linearly related to the iodine content of the molecules analyzed. This behaviour has been observed in all animal species investigated. In conclusion, our data suggest that iodination, beside the well documented effects on thyroglobulin conformational properties, may also affect its "apparent' polypeptide chain composition. The origin of such heterogeneity is discussed. PMID- 7138885 TI - Subcellular fractions of the adrenal medulla. Comparison by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. AB - Subfractions of adrenal medullary homogenates were analyzed in two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels to assess the extent of protein homology. Chromaffin granule proteins were highly acidic, with the exception of the soluble form of the enzyme dopamine beta-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.17.1). The purified granule membrane proteins were more heterogeneous, but still predominantly acidic. The soluble and membrane forms of dopamine beta-hydroxylase behaved identically in this gel system. Lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination of intact granules revealed that most, but not all, granule membrane proteins are accessible at the cytoplasmic face. Prominent proteins of the purified adrenal medullary mitochondria showed little if any homology with purified granule membranes. The crude microsome fraction showed significant homology with purified granule membranes despite low levels of cross-contamination between the two fractions in marker enzyme analysis. Among proteins that could be identified, dopamine beta-hydroxylase was at a low level in the microsomes, while the granule membrane protein cytochrome b-561 appeared to be in both fractions. The pattern obtained from primary cultures of adrenal chromaffin cells was very complex, but prominent proteins from the subcellular fractions were seen without difficulty. Actin and tubulin were very prominent in the whole cell pattern. Radioiodination of the whole cells resulted in a number of spots being labelled, although the majority of the label appeared to be in only two proteins of molecular weight 70000 and isoelectric point 5.7. PMID- 7138886 TI - Cross-linking of synaptic vesicle proteins. Effect of ATP. AB - Synaptic vesicles isolated from bovine brain were subjected to cross-linking with the bifunctional amino group reagent dimethyl adipimidate. The resulting proteins were analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The reagent (10 mM) caused partial or complete disappearance from the SDS gel of most of the major polypeptides of the vesicles and the formation of new polymeric species with molecular weights greater than 500000. Using lower concentrations of the adipimidate (2-5 mM) a more selective cross-linking occurred, with the disappearance of a group of protein bands having apparent molecular weight values of 60000-68000, 40000-41000 and 25000-30000. The extent of cross-linking was independent of vesicle concentration in the range 0.3-3.0 mg protein per ml. Addition of ATP or AMP to the cross-linking reaction mixture resulted in a marked reduction in cross-linking of all of the major vesicle polypeptides (apparent molecular weight values 160000, 77000, 55000, 42000, 32000, 28000 and 26000). Several proteins were less affected by ATP or AMP; these were mostly the same vesicle proteins as those which had become cross-linked with low concentrations (2 mM) of dimethyl adipimidate. The ATP effect was markedly reduced if the vesicles were pretreated prior to the cross-linking reaction with alkaline buffer (pH 8.5) in either the presence or the absence of ATP. In the presence of 32P labeled ATP, several of the vesicle protein bands became phosphorylated, but the extent of their cross-linking did not depend upon the state of phosphorylation of the major phoshorylated proteins. The results are consistent with the presence of aggregated protein complexes and of stabilized arrays of the major proteins within the vesicle membrane. PMID- 7138884 TI - Fractionation of Limulus amebocyte lysate. Characterization of activation of the proclotting enzyme by an endotoxin-mediated activator. AB - Limulus amebocyte lysate was fractionated by heparin-Sepharose chromatography into four components (fractions A, B, C and D). Major coagulation factors, i.e., proclotting enzyme, coagulogen, and proclotting enzyme activating factor precursor (proactivator) in the lysate were eluted, respectively, in fraction A, fraction B and fraction C. Clotting enzyme activity was detected only following recombination of fraction A and fraction C in the presence of endotoxin. The conversion of proactivator to its active form (activator) was an endotoxin dependent reaction and was inhibited by polymyxin B. Either proactivator is an endotoxin-sensitive factor or another endotoxin-sensitive factor, which activates proactivator, is present in fraction C. Optimal pH for proclotting enzyme activation by activator was broad and ranged from pH 6.0 to 8.0, while that for the endotoxin-mediated activation of proactivator was pH 7.0. No initial latent period was observed during activation of the proactivator or proenzyme. The activator was inhibited by benzamidine, leupeptin, soybean trypsin inhibitor and diisopropyl fluorophosphate, suggesting that the activator is a trypsin-type serine protease. Trypsin, but not thrombin, urokinase, plasmin, papain or alpha chymotrypsin activated the proclotting enzyme. Therefore, limited proteolysis, i.e., of an arginyl- or lysyl-X bond(s), of the proenzyme molecule is probably involved in its activation. PMID- 7138888 TI - The effect of phospholipid structure on the thermal stability of rhodopsin. AB - The effect of the major headgroup classes of phospholipids on the conformational stability of rhodopsin is investigated. This is accomplished by measuring the effect of L-alpha-dimyristylphosphatidic acid (DMPA), L-alpha dimyristylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC), L-alpha-dimyristylphosphatidylethanolamine (DMPE) and L-alpha-dimyristylphosphatidylserine (DMPS) on the thermal decay rate of rhodopsin in dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) and octylglucoside detergent systems. In the DTAB system the relative stabilization by these phospholipids is DMPA less than DMPS greater than DMPC greater than DMPE. In the octylglucoside system, the relative stabilization ability is DMPA greater than DMPS congruent to DMPC greater than DMPE. The relative stabilization ability in a series of lecithin derivatives that differ in fatty acid chain structure is also reported. This series of experiments demonstrate that the structure of the fatty acid chains is as important as the headgroup structure in determining the stabilization ability of a phospholipid. PMID- 7138887 TI - Isolation and characterization of nuclear basic protein (protamine) from boar spermatozoa. AB - 1. Sperm nuclei were isolated and purified from boar semen by a procedure involving differential solubilization of sperm tail and acellular materials by brief exposure to reducing reagent in the presence of cationic detergent, and sedimentation through 60% sucrose. The weight ratio of DNA:RNA: total protein: protamine in this preparation was 1.00: 0.02: 1.05: 0.75, and the molar ratio of phosphorus to arginine was 1.12. 2. Boar protamine was extracted with cold acid from ethanol precipitate of reduced and carboxymethylated nuclei in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride and purified by ion-exchange chromatography on CM-cellulose. The molecular weight of the protamine was estimated to be 6600 by the gel filtration method. The protamine consisted of a single amino terminus alanine and either half-cystine or arginine as carboxy terminus, and was composed of Thr, Ser3, Pro2, Ala2, Val2, Ile, His, Half-cystine9-10 and Arg26 . 3. Chymotryptic digestion gave rise to a single amino-terminal peptide, Ala-Arg-Tyr, and two carboxy-terminal peptides, Thr-Val-Ile-Arg-Cys-Arg2-Cys and Thr-Val-Ile-Arg-Cys Arg2, which confirmed the heterogeneity of the protamine at the carboxy-terminal end. PMID- 7138889 TI - A new relationship between kinetic and equilibrium parameters of reversible enzyme reactions. PMID- 7138890 TI - X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of the metal content of the extracellular hemoglobin of Tubifex tubifex. AB - X-ray fluorescence spectrometric analysis of Tubifex hemoglobin, using the energy dispersive and wavelength-dispersive spectrometers, demonstrated that in addition to Fe, Ca and small amounts of Zn, Cu and Pb were also present. Assuming that Tubifex hemoglobin contains 160 atoms of Fe per molecular weight of 3.9 10(6), the molar ratios of Fe:Ca:Zn:Cu:Pb were calculated to be 160:70:2:8: 2. The iron content of the hemoglobin was also determined spectrophotometrically using the formation of Fe(II)-1,10-phenanthroline and Fe(II)-4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol complexes: it was found to be 0.240+/-0.010% by weight and was unaffected by prior dialysis against 10 mM EDTA solution at neutral pH. Thus, it is unlikely that Tubifex hemoglobin contains any non-heme iron. PMID- 7138891 TI - Alterations of HDL cholesterol distribution induced by incubation of human serum. AB - The study of high density lipoprotein (HDL) alterations induced by serum incubation was undertaken by a new approach. Subfractions of HDL were separated by gradient gel electrophoresis, without preliminary ultracentrifugation, and were characterized by their size range. After dissolution of the polyacrylamide gel, each subfraction was analyzed for its total- and unesterified-cholesterol content by gas chromatography. We have observed that a general displacement of HDL cholesterol towards the subspecies of high size range occurred during serum incubation at 37 degrees C, contemporaneously with cholesterol esterification. This displacement could not be identified with a HDL3 to HDL2 conversion since it occurred within HDL3 and HDL2. It is probably the indication of a complex HDL conversion leading to particles of increased sizes. HDL alterations occurring upon serum incubation appear to be the consequence of the activity of an HDL conversion factor, which is thermolabile, non-dialysable, present in the d greater than 1.25 serum fraction and differs from lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase and cholesteryl ester transfer protein. They could be considered as preliminary enzymatic transformations, necessary for the action of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase and as the first step of a metabolic sequence including, successively, HDL conversion, cholesterol esterification by lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase and cholesteryl ester transfer. PMID- 7138893 TI - Acyl-CoA synthase and acyltransferase activity in developing skeletal muscle membranes. AB - Enzymes participating in the activation and esterification of fatty acids for complex lipid biosynthesis were characterized in neonatal and adult rabbit skeletal muscle membranes. The activity of acyl-CoA synthase was 1.4-1.6-fold greater in neonatal vs. adult sarcoplasmic reticulum for the fatty acid substrates linoleic (2.6 vs. 1.61 nmol 18:2-CoA/min per mg), stearic (0.94 vs. 0.66 nmol 18:0-CoA/min per mg) and palmitic (2.43 vs. 1.51 nmol 16:0-CoA/min per mg) acids. Enzyme activity was identical between neonate and adult for coenzyme A, ATP and linoleic acid concentration dependence. Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase activity was 6-fold greater in neonatal than adult sarcoplasmic reticulum for both linoleoyl-CoA (1.4 vs. 0.22 nmol 18:2/min per mg) and stearoyl CoA (1.1 vs. 0.13 nmol 18:0/min per mg) donor substrates, whereas lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase activity was similar. Enriched fractions of sarcolemmal membranes possessed the highest activity for lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase activity, being 2-4-fold greater than sarcoplasmic reticulum. In contrast to sarcoplasmic reticulum, lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase activity was 2-3-fold greater in neonatal compared to adult sarcolemma for lineoleic (18.9 vs. 8.5 nmol 18:2/min per mg) and the stearic (2.8 vs. 0.68 nmol 18:0/min per mg) acid incorporation. The greater capacity of neonatal membranes for acylation by the de novo pathway is in accord with the requirements for neonatal muscle to effect high rates of triacylglycerol and phospholipid synthesis essential for oxidative metabolism and membrane synthesis during postnatal development and growth. PMID- 7138892 TI - Effects of antimalarial drugs on several rat-liver lysosomal enzymes involved in phosphatidylethanolamine catabolism. AB - The effects of three cationic amphiphilic antimalarial drugs (chloroquine, mepacrine and primaquine) on the intralysosomal catabolism of phosphatidylethanolamine and several of its metabolites were studied with rat liver lysosomes which had been isolated from animals previously treated with Triton WR-1339. The activities of each of the various enzymes involved in the main pathways of intralysosomal phosphatidylethanolamine degradation (Kunze, H., Hesse, B. and Bohn, E. (1982) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 711, 10-18) exhibited almost identical inhibitory sensitivities towards mepacrine and primaquine. In contrast, chloroquine inhibited the activities of the various enzymes to different extents, lysophospholipid acylhydrolase (EC 3.1.1.5) being the most sensitive enzyme, followed by phospholipase A1 (EC 3.1.1.32) and monoacylglycerol lipase, and eventually lysophospholipid monoacylglycerol hydrolase as the least sensitive enzyme. The relative inhibitory potencies towards phospholipase A1 activity of chloroquine were increased with increasing pH, and the mode of inhibition was competitive. In contrast, the inhibitory potencies towards monoacylglycerol lipase activity of chloroquine increased only up to pH 5 but decreased above this value, and the mode of inhibition was noncompetitive. PMID- 7138894 TI - Pathways for the incorporation of esterified cholesterol into very low density and low density lipoproteins in plasma incubated in vitro. AB - In vitro incubations of human or pig plasma containing a tracer amount of [3H]cholesterol have been performed to determine which lipoprotein fractions are the immediate recipients of the esterified cholesterol formed in the reaction catalysed by lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase. In pig plasma, which is deficient in activity of the protein which promotes transfer of esterified cholesterol between different lipoprotein fractions, 87-90% of the lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase-derived esterified cholesterol was incorporated into the high density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction. In human plasma there was an initial recovery of more than 80% in HDL, although the proportion recovered in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL) became progressively greater with increasing duration of incubation, consistent with a transfer from an HDL -esterified cholesterol pool of increasing specific activity. Nevertheless, as in the pig plasma incubations, there was evidence that some 10-15% of the esterified cholesterol formed in the lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase reaction was incorporated directly into human VLDL and LDL. In quantitative terms, however, it was found that most of the esterified cholesterol delivered to human VLDL and LDL was the result of transfers from HDL rather than as a direct incorporation from its site of synthesis. PMID- 7138895 TI - Increasing the levels of ether-linked lipids in L-M cells by glyceryl ether supplementation depresses growth and choline utilization. AB - To gain insight into the role of alkyl-linked lipids in biological systems, we added hexadecylglycerol (a precursor of complex ether-linked lipids) to medium required for the growth of L-M cells in culture. L-M fibroblasts cultured through several generations in the presence of hexadecylglycerol grow at a reduced rate. Experimental cells at their sixth passage, with 2 microgram supplement/ml, double at 50% the rate of control cell populations. Hexadecylglycerol (10 microgram/ml) added 1 day after cell passage does not retard growth; however, within 1 h it decreases the incorporation of choline into the choline glycerophosphatide fraction. Inhibition is specific for choline; ethanolamine incorporation is not affected. The inhibition of choline utilization by hexadecylglycerol-treated cells is dose-dependent and reaches a maximum 12 h after supplementation. Cellular uptake of choline is reduced (approx. 17%) but not as much as the incorporation of choline into the phospholipids (approx. 60% at 12 h). The assimilation of ether lipid precursor into cellular phospholipids was followed by incubating cells with [1-14C]hexadecylglycerol. Incorporation of radioactivity into cellular phospholipids begins to plateau after 24 h, whereas the interference of hexadecylglycerol with choline metabolism could be detected as early as 1 h. The majority of the radioactivity recovered from cells incubated with labeled hexadecylglycerol is localized in the microsomal fraction (56%), where the label was distributed as free hexadecyglycerol, alkylacyl-phospholipids and alkyldiacylglycerols. These results show that the supplementation of a glyceryl ether to L-M fibroblast growth media selectively inhibits the utilization of choline for choline glycerophospholipid biosynthesis and causes a reduction in cell growth rate when cells are continually passaged in the presence of the glyceryl ether. PMID- 7138896 TI - Biphasic modulation of platelet phospholipase A2 activity and platelet aggregation by mepacrine (quinacrine). AB - The modulation of rat platelet phospholipase A2 (phosphatide 2-acylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.4) and rat platelet aggregation by mepacrine was investigated. The 2-acyl specificity of phospholipase A2 activity was confirmed by using 1-[14C]palmitoyl 2-[3H]arachidonylphosphatidylcholine as substrate. Under optimal pH, phospholipase A2 activity was not affected by aspirin but was inhibited by indomethacin. Contrary to previous reports, a biphasic modulatory role of mepacrine on phospholipase A2 activity and platelet aggregation was demonstrated. The data suggest that platelet aggregation is mediated via phospholipase A2. PMID- 7138897 TI - Phospholipid composition of subcellular fractions and phospholipid-exchange activity in chicken liver and MC-29 hepatoma. AB - The phospholipid composition of mitochondria, microsomes and plasma membranes from liver and MC-29 hepatoma from White Leghorn chickens has been investigated. It was established that all mitochondria and microsome phospholipid fractions obtained from MC-29 hepatoma are increased strongly compared to those from liver. The sphingomyelin augmentation was particularly great. In hepatoma plasma membranes only the sphingomyelin quantity was increased. Sphingomyelin- and phosphatidylcholine-exchange activities were observed in avian liver for the first time. These two activities were increased in MC-29 hepatoma cells. Three phospholipid-exchange proteins have been established in chicken liver 105000 X g supernatant. One of them specifically transports phosphatidylcholine, the second one is non-specific for phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin, and the third one is specific only for sphingomyelin. In hepatoma cells only a non-specific phosphatidylcholine- and sphingomyelin-exchange protein was found. PMID- 7138898 TI - The effect of excess (acyl) carnitine on lipid metabolism in rat heart. AB - During Langendorff perfusion of rat hearts with Intralipid, the resulting fat accumulation in the hearts can be inhibited by the addition of 5 mM L-carnitine to the perfusion medium. The mechanism of this phenomenon is probably the inhibition of lipid accumulation in the heart by acylcarnitine rather than stimulation of fatty acid oxidation by excess carnitine addition. Palmitoylcarnitine was found to stimulate trioleoylglycerol hydrolysis at neutral pH in heart homogenates, when it was tested in the presence of relatively much protein. At higher palmitoylcarnitine: protein ratios, however, lipolysis was inhibited. Inhibition of lipolysis was also observed in lipid-enriched hearts during retrograde perfusion by the addition of 5 mM carnitine suggesting that also in intact heart long-chain acylcarnitine excess may inhibit lipolytic activity. PMID- 7138899 TI - Tissue distribution and subcellular localization of phosphatidylcholine transfer protein in rats as determined by radioimmunoassay. AB - A radioimmunoassay for the phosphatidylcholine-transfer protein from rat liver was used to measure levels of PC-transfer protein in rat tissues. The assay as described before (Teerlink, T., Poorthuis, B.J.H.M., Van der Krift, T.P. and Wirtz, K.W.A., Biochim. Biophys. Acta 665 (1981) 74-80) was modified in order to measure PC-transfer protein in tissue homogenates and subcellular membrane fractions. To this end both a detergent (Triton X-100) and a proteolytic enzyme inhibitor (aprotinin) were added to the assay medium. The radioimmunoassay measured levels of PC-transfer protein in the range of 5-50 ng and was specific for PC-transfer protein from rat tissues. Subcellular distribution studies showed that in 10% (w/v) homogenates of liver approximately 60% of the PC-transfer protein was present in the 105000 X g supernatant fraction, the remainder being evenly distributed over the particulate fractions. PC-transfer protein associated with the particulate fractions was almost completely removed by a single washing step, suggesting a dynamic equilibrium between membrane-bound and soluble PC transfer protein. Both 105000 X g supernatants and homogenates of various rat tissues were assayed. The highest levels of PC-transfer protein were measured in liver and intestinal mucosa. Lower values were found in kidney, spleen and lung, whereas heart and brain contained hardly any PC-transfer protein. PC-transfer protein levels in regenerating rat liver did not differ significantly from levels in normal liver. In fetal lung a change in PC-transfer protein content during development was observed, with a clear maximum 2 days before term, suggesting an involvement of PC-transfer protein in the secretion of lung surfactant. PMID- 7138901 TI - Subcellular distribution of iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase in cerebral cortex from hypothyroid rats. AB - We have examined iodothyronine deiodination in subcellular fractions of cerebral cortex obtained from hypothyroid rats. Enzymatic activities were measured at 37 degrees C in the presence of 20 mM dithiothreitol with 125I-labeled T4 and 125I labeled rT3 as substrates for 5'-deiodination and 131I-labeled T3 as the substrate for the 5-deiodinase. Reaction products were separated by descending paper and/or ion-exchange chromatography. Cerebral cortex subcellular fractions were also characterized by marker enzyme analysis and electron microscopy. Under optimal reaction conditions more than 80% of the 5'-deiodinase was recovered after fractionation. Both 5'-deiodinase and (Na+ + K+)-ATPase showed similar subcellular distributions and were enriched approx. 3-fold in the easily sedimenting membrane fraction and nerve terminal plasma membranes. Crude microsomal membranes (6 X 10(6) g X min pellet) also showed 2-fold enrichment of these enzymes. Nuclei and isolated mitochondria were devoid of deiodinating activity. T4 and T3 5-deiodinating activity was absent in the easily sedimenting membranes and present but not enriched in particulate fractions containing microsomal membranes. These data suggest that iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase is associated with plasma membrane fractions in the cerebral cortex. PMID- 7138900 TI - The molecular species composition of individual diacyl phospholipids in human platelets. AB - The molecular species composition of the individual diacyl phospholipids was determined in human platelets. The 1-acyl (16:0, 18:0, etc.) homologues of the various 2-acyl (16:0, 18:1, 18:2, 20:4, etc) species of the phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol were assessed by the use of thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography in combination with specific lipases for establishing the positional distribution of the fatty acyl chains and generating the diacylglycerol derivatives. A marked heterogeneity was found in the complement of individual molecular species associated with the different platelet phospholipids. The 1-16:0 2-18:1 species predominated in the phosphatidylcholine (21% of total) but contributed only 5%, 2%, and trace amounts to the ethanolamine, inositol, and serine phospholipids, respectively. The 1 stearoyl 2-arachidonoyl species was by far the most prevalent one in the diacyl phosphatidylethanolamine (47% of total) and phosphatidylinositol (71% of total) but represented only 10% of the phosphatidylcholine. The 1-18:0 2-18:1 (37%) plus 1-18:0 2-20:4 (41%) together contributed 78% to the total phosphatidylserine. Interestingly, the 1-stearoyl 2-arachidonyl phosphatidylinositol represented only 6 mol% of the total diacyl phospholipid in human platelets. Of the total mixed 1 acyl 2-20:4 species in human platelets, 31, 35, 17 and 17% was found in the phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol, respectively. These results indicate that the mechanisms involved in the release of arachidonate for prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis would need to possess a profound degree of selectivity if any single molecular species of a given platelet phospholipid were the source of the released arachidonic acid. PMID- 7138903 TI - Hydrogen peroxide release from human blood platelets. AB - The release of hydrogen peroxide from human blood platelets after stimulation with particulate membrane-perturbing agents has been determined by fluorescence using scopoletin as the detecting agent. Platelet suspensions containing less than 1 polymorphonuclear leukocyte/10(8) platelets showed a significant release of hydrogen peroxide (6.11 nmol/10(9) platelets per 20 min, S.D., 0.26, n = 9) after addition of zymosan or latex particles, compared to unstimulated platelets. The release of hydrogen peroxide was only observed when the scopoletin was added to the platelet suspensions during the stimulation. Any attempt to determine hydrogen peroxide release in the supernatant at the end of the incubation with zymosan or latex failed. A NADH-dependent production of hydrogen peroxide was observed by measuring the difference of oxygen uptake in the presence and absence of catalase (500 units), which was not inhibited by potassium cyanide (1 mM). By this method the NADH-dependent cyanide-insensitive peroxide production and release was 6.0 nmol/10(9) platelets per 20 min from resting platelets (S.D., 2, n = 6) vs 15 nmol/10(9) platelets per 20 min from stimulated platelets (S.D., 2, n = 6). PMID- 7138902 TI - Identification of protein bands in polyacrylamide gel by protein printing. AB - Previously described methods for identification of proteins separated in cylindrical polyacrylamide gels have been found to be costly in time and antiserum and difficult to apply to small amounts of protein as are found in cerebrospinal fluid. We describe a method which involves printing of the proteins on the cut surface of the gel onto nitrocellulose paper. The protein bands of the imprint can then be identified using labelled antibodies. We have found this to be economical and quick, and it has permitted sensitive and reliable identification of proteins in unconcentrated cerebrospinal fluid and aqueous humour. PMID- 7138904 TI - Evidence for the functional equivalence of the iron-binding sites of rat transferrin. AB - The role of the two iron-binding sites of rat transferrin in the exchange of iron with cells has been assessed using urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to separate and quantitate the four possible molecular species of transferrin generated during the incubation of 125I-labelled transferrin with rat reticulocytes and hepatocytes. Addition of diferric transferrin to reticulocytes led directly to the appearance of apotransferrin together with small and comparable amounts of the two monoferric transferrins. After 2 h 44.8% of the iron had been removed by the cells, and of the iron-depleted transferrin 71.8% was apotransferrin, the remainder being monoferric transferrin, 16.1% with N terminal iron and 12.1% with C-terminal iron. A similar pattern emerged with hepatocytes, but the rate of iron removal was slower and the proportion of apotransferrin generated was lower. After 4 h 10.9% of the iron had been removed from the transferrin and the distribution of the iron-depleted protein was: apotransferrin 26.9% and monoferric (N-terminal) 39.2%, (C-terminal) 33.9%. The appearance of apotransferrin during each incubation and the generation of both monoferric transferrins suggest that both cell types are able to remove iron from differic transferrin in pairwise fashion and that they do not appreciably distinguish between the two iron-binding sites of the protein. Release of iron from hepatocytes to apotransferrin lead to the appearance of both monoferric species and then to increasing amounts of diferric transferrin. The process of iron release did not seem to distinguish between the vacant iron-binding sites of transferrin. PMID- 7138905 TI - Lactoferrin binding to lysozyme-treated Micrococcus luteus. AB - When the cell lysis of Micrococcus luteus by hen egg white or human lysozyme is performed in the presence of bovine or human lactoferrin, a temporary increase of the turbidity of the solution as followed at 450 nm is observed. Examination of the suspension under light microscopy has proven that the protoplasts produced upon lysozyme action are agglutinated by lactoferrin. The rate of agglutination depends on pH, lactoferrin, lysozyme and cells concentrations. Agglutination is maximal at pH 5.5. Around 1.4 X 10(6) binding sites for lactoferrin per cell have been determined through a Scatchard plot analysis. The binding to the cells is not mediated by the glycosidic moiety of lactoferrin but rather by a charge-to charge interaction as succinylation of about four out of the 39 lysines of lactoferrin completely abolishes its ability to agglutinate the cells. Binding does not depend on ionic iron nor on the iron content of lactoferrin itself. PMID- 7138907 TI - Reduced deposition of collagen in the degenerated articular cartilage of dogs with degenerative joint disease. AB - Collagen metabolism in the focal degenerated cartilage from immature dogs with degenerative joint disease was compared with that in the adjacent 'normal' cartilage of the same joint surface. The deposition of collagen into the cartilage in vitro as measured by accumulation of hydroxy[14C]proline was decreased in the early and in advanced stages of cartilage degeneration. The deposition of collagen into cartilage in vivo as measured by the accumulation of hydroxy[3H]proline (intravenously injected [3H]proline) also was reduced in the degenerated cartilages of a dog with degenerative joint disease. Gel electrophoretic analysis revealed that degenerated cartilage contained less alpha 1 II collagen chains, but increased amounts of larger proteins. Degenerated cartilage contained more water, increased amounts of unidentified, non collagenous protein, increased collagenolytic enzyme activity and fewer chondrocytes. Decreased deposition of collagen would result in collagen depletion in the foci of degenerated cartilage in joints of dogs with degenerative joint disease. PMID- 7138906 TI - Identification of thiol group at the estrogen-binding site on the cytoplasmic receptor from rabbit uterus by affinity labeling. AB - The interaction of estrogen with its receptor from rabbit uterus was studied using the affinity labeling technique. An affinity labeling reagent, 3-hydroxy-17 beta-(p-nitrophenyldithio)-1,3,5(10)-estratriene (Reagent A) was synthesized. The compound was designed to meet two requirements: (1) it binds specifically to the steroid-binding site of the receptor; (2) it has functional group capable of forming a covalent bond with an amino acid residue at or near the binding site. The first requirement was demonstrated by competitive binding assay and sedimentation analysis. If the binding affinity of 17 beta-estradiol is defined as 100, that of Reagent A is found to be 0.05. It was shown that the binding was specific for the estradiol receptor. The second requirement was examined by reaction of Reagent A with simple model compounds. 10 microM Reagent A gave rise to approx. 1.3 microM p-nitrothiophenol in the presence of a large excess of L cysteine or reduced L-glutathione under the experimental conditions employed, indicating that a covalent bond was formed between Reagent A and the model compounds. Furthermore, I have presented evidence by using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis that 3H-labeled Reagent A is linked covalently to the estrogen binding site on the receptor of rabbit uterus. The experiment also fulfilled the first requirement. These results indicate that the thiol group present at the binding site is directly involved in the estradiol-receptor binding. PMID- 7138908 TI - Impaired glycosylation in liver microsomes of orotic-acid-fed rats. AB - In rats fed orotic acid, the incorporation in liver subcellular fractions of sugars injected intraperitonealy is altered only for mannose, but not for fucose or galactose. Direct determinations of several glycosyltransferases are done in smooth and rough microsomes: fucosyl-, glactosyl-, N acetylglucosaminyltransferase activities are at quite similar levels in normal and fatty livers. By contrast, sialyltransferase activity is increased (+50%) in smooth microsomes of fatty livers, while mannosyltransferase activity is inhibited by 30%. These alterations are not caused by interfering reactions (pyrophosphatases or proteases). For the mannosyltransferase activity, the inhibition is found in the dolichylphosphorylmannose intermediates. Kinetic studies suggest that there is deficiency of both enzyme and endogenous dolichyl phosphate. PMID- 7138909 TI - Ferric pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone can provide iron for heme synthesis in reticulocytes. AB - We have examined whether reticulocytes depleted of transferrin might incorporate 59Fe from 59Fe-labelled pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone (PIH). Transferrin depleted reticulocytes showed a time-, temperature- and concentration-dependent incorporation of 59Fe when incubated with 20-200 microM 59Fe-PIH. The amount of 59Fe incorporated with 200 microM 59Fe-PIH is equal to or higher than that taken up from transferrin at 20 microM 59Fe concentration. After 60 min about 60% of the 59Fe taken up by the cells is recovered in heme while the remainder is probably still bound to PIH. 1 mM succinyl acetone (a specific inhibitor of heme synthesis) inhibits PIH-mediated incorporation of 59Fe into heme by about 70%, indicating that 59Fe from 59Fe-PIH is incorporated into de novo synthesized protoporphyrin. As is the case with transferrin, erythrocytes do not incorporate 59Fe from 59Fe-PIH. Pretreatment of reticulocytes with pronase does not inhibit their ability to incorporate 59Fe from 59Fe-PIH, suggesting that, unlike the uptake of Fe from transferrin, membrane receptors are not involved in the uptake of Fe-PIH by the cells. PMID- 7138910 TI - The clearance of human fibrinogen fragments D1, D2, D3 and fibrin fragment D1 dimer in mice. AB - The clearance of human fibrinogen fragments D1, D2, D3 and fibrin fragment D1 dimer were studied in the mouse model. Clearance of these fragments is a complex process involving clearance from blood into three other compartments. The overall clearance of fragment D1 and its dimer were essentially identical. Fragments D2 and D3 cleared at a progressively slower rate. Competition studies were performed between 125I-labeled fragment D1 and large molar excesses of unlabeled human fragments D1, D2, D3, D1 dimer, fragment E, fibrinogen, macroalbumin, mannan and asialoorosomucoid. Of these ligands only the fragment D variants competed for the clearance of 125I-labeled fragment D1. Cross-competition was observed when 125I labeled fragment D1 dimer was cleared in the presence of a large molar excesses of fragment D1. Autopsies demonstrated that injected fragments D1, D2, D3 and D1 dimer cleared primarily in liver and kidneys. In some clearance studies, livers were perfused with tissue culture fluid, subjected to light microscopic autoradiography, and silver grain counts performed to localize cleared fragment D1. These experiments indicated that 80% of the liver uptake was in hepatocytes. However, when silver grain counts were normalized for the number of parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells, the distribution of silver grains was essentially identical (1.8 and 1.6 grains per cells, respectively). It is concluded that fragments D1, D2, D3 and D1 dimer are recognized by a similar clearance pathway. Since neither fibrinogen nor fragment E competed for the clearance of fragment D1, it is suggested that determinants present in the fragment D domain become exposed after plasmin attack on fibrinogen and are responsible for clearance. PMID- 7138912 TI - Synergistic induction of alkaline phosphatase in colonic carcinoma cells by sodium butyrate and hyperosmolality. AB - Exposing HT-29 cells to the combination of two inducers of intestinal alkaline phosphatase, sodium butyrate and hyperosmolality, causes a synergistic (over 1000 fold) increase in specific activity. Evidence is presented showing that enzyme induction is reversible; the half-life of the induced activity is approximately 30 h. Preinduction by butyrate or by hyperosmolality does not prime the cells so as to respond synergistically when subsequently exposed to hyperosmolality or butyrate, respectively. This study demonstrates that when applied in combination, the effect on gene expression by one alkaline phosphatase inducer is amplified by the other. PMID- 7138913 TI - Accumulation and disposal of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates during propionate oxidation in the isolated perfused rat heart. AB - The role of the metabolite disposal mechanisms in the regulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle pool size was studied in isolated perfused rat hearts oxidizing 2 mM propionate. Malate and succinate accumulated during the propionate metabolism. A further 118% increase in the malate concentration and 600% increase in the succinate concentration and a slight inhibition of the propionate uptake were observed during a subsequent KCl-induced arrest of the heart metabolizing propionate. When the mechanical activity of the heart was restored, the malate and succinate concentrations returned to the same levels as before the arrest of the heart, but the propionate uptake did not rise significantly. The mean disposal rates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites during the cardiac arrest and subsequent restoration of the activity were 1.4 and 2.4 mumol/min per g dry weight, respectively during cardiac arrest the malate carbon disposed was almost totally recovered as C3 compounds, whereas after the increase in the ATP consumption most of it was oxidized. The result show that propionate is oxidized by heart muscle at an appreciable rate but the disposal rate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates is not tightly regulated by the cellular energy state. Although the metabolite pool size of the tricarboxylic acid cycle responds to change in the ATP consumption, the energy state appears to have a greater effect on the fate of the C3 compounds formed than on the actual rate of C4 compound disposition. PMID- 7138911 TI - Osmotic hemolysis and fragility. A new model based on membrane disruption, and a potential clinical test. AB - Red cell osmotic hemolysis has traditionally been defined by the loss of hemoglobin, in response to reduced osmotic pressure, as measured spectroscopically. Previous work from this laboratory using resistive pulse spectroscopy (RPS) has shown that in a mixed population of hemolyzing cells, ghosts can be detected as being more deformable, and hence appearing distinctly smaller, than the remaining intact cells. Other researchers using similar methods have reported detection of ghosts as apparently smaller objects, resulting from their greater sensitivity to dielectric breakdown. We now confirm both of these results, and demonstrate by kinetic studies that changes which occur in the rheological and electrical properties of ghosts are independent phenomena. We include in our analysis the explicit calculation of ghost and intact spherocyte resistivity after dielectric breakdown. The two different characterizations for ghosts are integrated into a proposed model of osmotic hemolysis based on known red blood cell membrane and cytoplasmic properties. This work provides both a theoretical and a practical foundation for RPS-based measures of osmotic fragility, including a potential new clinical test, measures which provides very early detection of the ultimate fate of osmotically stressed red cells. PMID- 7138914 TI - Na+-dependence of 45Ca2+ uptake in adult rat isolated cardiac cells. AB - We developed a technique that yields isolated adult rat myocytes, 70% of which are elongated and morphologically similar to intact tissue. Electrophysiological studies showed most of these cells were quiescent, Ca2+-tolerant and exhibited normal action potentials accompanied by contractions. We analyzed 45Ca2+ uptake data in terms of instantaneous, fast and slow compartments. 69% of total exchangeable Ca2+ was found in the slow compartment: the rest was almost equally divided between the instantaneous and fast compartments. Replacement of extracellular Na+ by Li+ or Tris increased 45Ca2+ uptake by the fast compartment; high [K+]o increased this uptake further. These increases appeared to be related also to internal concentrations of Na+. This conclusion was supported by experiments with digitonin-treated cells. Our results indicate that the way Na+ dependent 45Ca2+ uptake is affected by [Na+]o, [Na+]i and [K+]o is compatible with the Na+-Ca2+ exchange mechanism. Our preparation should prove useful in studies of regulation of Ca2+ transport in cardiac muscles. PMID- 7138915 TI - An evaluation of the metabolite indicator method for determining the cytosolic phosphate potential in rat liver cells. AB - The cytosolic phosphate potential was estimated in isolated rat liver parenchymal cells incubated with various gluconeogenic substrates. The value of the cytosolic [ATP]/[ADP][Pi] ratio was either estimated directly from measurements of ATP, ADP and Pi after digitonin fractionation of the cells, or calculated by the metabolite indicator method. When cells were incubated with lactate, pyruvate or alanine so that net flux through the indicator enzymes was in gluconeogenic direction, there was excellent agreement between the values obtained by the two methods over a wide range of fluxes. However, when the cells were incubated with substrates that could be converted both to glucose and to lactate so that net flux through the indicator enzymes was in the glycolytic direction, a large difference in the values of the cytosolic [ATP]/([ATP][Pi]) ratio as derived by the two methods was observed. It is concluded that the reaction catalyzed by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase plus 3-phosphoglycerate kinase is out of equilibrium when flux through the reaction is the glycolytic direction, and that use of the metabolite indicator method for the calculation of the cytosolic phosphate potential under these conditions leads to erroneous values. PMID- 7138916 TI - Spin ECHO proton NMR studies of the metabolism of malate and fumarate in human erythrocytes. Dependence on free NAD levels. AB - The NAD-dependent conversion of malate to lactate in human erythrocytes was studied by spin echo proton NMR. A pathway involving the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate catalysed by haemoglobin is proposed to account for the observed reaction. NADP-dependent reaction was negligible. The rate of the reaction was measured in intact erythrocytes under controlled conditions. This rate correlates with that obtained with lysates at 30 microM free NAD and that obtained with purified human erythrocyte enzymes at about 15 microM NAD. The total extractable NAD in the intact cells was 70-90 microM. Experiments with cells containing elevated NAD levels could be explained by a significant fraction of the NAD being weakly bound (Kd about 1 mM) to haemoglobin. PMID- 7138917 TI - Transsulphuration and methylation of homocysteine in control and mutant human fibroblasts. AB - The ability of human skin-fibroblasts in monolayer culture to carry out transsulphuration and remethylation of homocysteine has been tested. The conversion of homocyst(e)ine ot cyst(e)ine and methionine was studied in control and mutant cells by incubation for 16 h with L-[35S] homocystine. Labelled cysteic acid and methionine sulphone were found in hydrolysates of oxidized cell proteins. The quantities found were dependent on the time of incubation and were used as a measure of cyst(e)ine and methionine formation, respectively. In control cells, labelled cyst(e)ine and labelled methionine were found. In cystathionine beta-synthase-deficient cell lines, labelled cyst(e)ine formation was reduced, while labelled methionine formed was similar to that of controls, indicating the role of transsulphuration in the formation of cyst(e)ine observed in control cells. In a 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase-deficient cell line, labelled methionine formation was reduced, indicating the role of N-5 methyltetrahydrofolate-requiring methylation of homocysteine in the formation of methionine observed in control cells. PMID- 7138918 TI - Replicative DNA synthesis in permeable fibroblasts from normal individuals and ataxia-telangiectasia patients. AB - Replicative DNA synthesis in normal human fibroblasts was inhibited by 50% when they were X-irradiated (8 Gy) and made permeable 30 min later, whereas only a slight inhibition (20%) was observed in similarly treated ataxia-telangiectasia cells. Treatment of irradiated normal cells with caffeine (2 mM) before permeabilization reversed the inhibitory effects of X-rays, buf caffeine had no effect on DNA synthesis in permeable ataxia-telangiectasia cells. Diadenosine tetraphosphate (0.1 mM) did not affect DNA synthesis in permeable normal fibroblasts. PMID- 7138919 TI - [Absence of the effect of magnetic field on dissolving oxygen in aqueous solutions]. AB - To check a number of experimental works the effect of constant magnetic field with induction 0.35 T on dissolving of oxygen in water and in 0.1 n of NaCl was studied. The magnetic field of the indicated value was shown not to affect solubility and the rate of dissolving of oxygen in water and in aqueous solution of electrolyte. These findings well agree with theoretical concepts and make it impossible to consider direct effect of the magnetic field on the molecules of paramagnetic oxygen as one of possible mechanisms of the magnetic field effect on biological systems. PMID- 7138921 TI - [Structure of polylysine-DNA complexes]. AB - By the methods of nuclease digestion and electron microscopy the complexes of poly-I-lysine with phage T2 DNA were studied. At micrococcal nuclease digestion of complexes polylysine--phage T2 DNA structures resistant to nuclease and containing fragments of DNA with lengths of about 300, 600, 1200 base pairs were revealed. On the electron micrographs structures superficially resembling nucleosomes were detected. PMID- 7138920 TI - [Relationship of intramolecular carbon isotopes in pyruvate decarboxylation]. AB - Relationships were obtained which made possible to calculate isotope content of carbon atoms in the products and reaction compound in the course of piruvate decarboxilation. Isotope composition was determined from kinetic isotope effect accompanying the destruction of carbon bonds. Some applications of the expressions obtained are presented. PMID- 7138922 TI - [Magnetic proton relaxation of aqueous solutions of ribonuclease in the temperature region of intramolecular melting]. AB - Thermal denaturation of ribonuclease at NMR frequencies 22, 75, and 90 MHz was studied by proton magnetic relaxation. It has been found that the pattern of proton relaxation in denaturated macromolecule is determined by slow exchange tau M approximately 10(-2)--10(-3) sec of "rigidly bound" water molecules and the solvent as a whole. PMID- 7138925 TI - [Parameters of probe fluorescence spectra under model conditions]. AB - An expression is presented which describes fluorescence spectra of 1 anilinonaphtaleno-8-sulfonate and N-phenyl-1-naphtilamine in the solvents of different polarity and viscosity. This expression allows homogeneous and nonhomogeneous components of the spectrum to be distinguished. Location of the centrum of nonhomogeneous broadening is shown to characterize better the hydrophobic surroundings, than the location of the spectrum maximum. A connection is found between the dispersion of nonhomogeneous broadening and viscosity of the solvent. The method proposed can be used for characterizing the homogeneous sites of the probe binding. PMID- 7138923 TI - [Photophysical processes in molecules of retinoids related to visual chromophores]. AB - By means of fluorescence spectroscopy, pulse fluorometry and laser flash photolysis it has been found that in retinoids related to visual chromophores the main part (more than 90%) of the excitation energy is deactivated non photophysically. 1Ag*--state is assumed as an intermediate state from which the excitation energy degrades. The fluorescence quantum yield of retinoids increases by a factor of 10-500 with decreasing the solution temperature from 293 K to 84 K. 1(n pi*)--state is involved in the photophysical processes of retinal in dry nonpolar solvents. PMID- 7138924 TI - [Thermal denaturation of collagen in solutions and fibrils]. AB - Thermal denaturation of rat skin collagen in fibrils and water solutions has been studied by differential scanning calorimetry. Heating rates in the range 0.3-25 K/min were used. For collagen solutions with concentrations higher than 10% the amount of heat absorbed at denaturation was found to be strongly dependent on the heating rate. Heat absorption is maximum at fast heating. Lowering of the heating rate decreases the heat absorption. At sufficiently low heating rates the magnitude of denaturation heat effect depends on the heating rate only slightly. For diluted solutions and fibrils the denaturation heat is independent of heating rate and was estimated to be 20 +/- 2 cal/g, in good agreement with other published data. This value is close to denaturation heat of concentrated solutions at fast heating. We have assumed that the decrease of denaturation heat in concentrated solutions at slow heating is caused by the exothermic process of postdenaturation protein aggregation. Proper values of denaturation enthalpy for isolated molecules can be measured only at fast heating. In fibrils and diluted solutions postdenaturation is not important. In diluted solutions there is no interaction between the protein molecules. In fibrils the protein molecules are closely packed with strong lateral cross-linking which freezes molecular mobility and inhibits the postdenaturation aggregation. PMID- 7138926 TI - [Heterogeneity of the structure of histone (H2A-H2B) dimers]. AB - It has been found that at pH 7.4 and 100 mM NaCl only about one third of histones (H2A-H2B) dimers are able to bind the fluorescent probe I-anilinonaphthalene-8 sulphonate. The binding constant equals 2 divided by 2.7 X 10(4) M-1. The heterogenic pattern of these dimers may be genetically important and along with other factors it can determine the structural changes of the protein core of the nucleosome and of the nucleosome proper. PMID- 7138927 TI - [The nature of free radicals, detected in dried animal tissues]. PMID- 7138928 TI - [Ratio between free and deposited iron in animal tissues]. AB - When mice were given water diet with 57Fe a practically complete exchange in the blood 56Fe and 57Fe was observed during 2 months. 57Fe isotope was accumulated in iron storage of the liver, kidney and spleen. Partial isotope exchange for free iron occurred in these tissues too. The free iron content was not changed. This isotope exchange for free iron did not occur in tissues which were unable to accumulate 57Fe in iron storage. PMID- 7138929 TI - [Fluorescence of higher plant leaves at raised temperatures]. AB - Red fluorescence (lambda approximately 630 divided by 760 nm) of naked-spermous (Gimnospermae) plant leaves in the state of winter rest and in the summer period, and also green and etiolated angiospermous (Angiospermae) plant leaves at different developmental stages (from embryonic to mature state) was investigated in the temperature range 20-96 degrees C. At the temperature about 60 degrees C a fluorescence "flash" develops avalanche-lookingly, its intensity being the higher, the younger is the angiospermous plant leaf. In the naked-spermous plant leaves an intensive avalanche-looking process is observed only in the winter spring period. PMID- 7138930 TI - [Adsorption of 1-anilino-3-naphthalenesulfonate on bilayer lipid membranes]. AB - A study has been made of the dependence of a membrane potential produced by adsorbed ANS anions on their bulk concentration, on the ionic strength of the solution, on the magnitude of charge and dipole potential drop at the bilayer surface. Measurements have been made on artificial planar membranes of various composition by the inner field compensation method. On membranes of neutral lipids the ionic strength dependence was absent, while on charged BLM an increase in ionic strength resulted in a parallel shift of the potential dependence on ANS bulk concentration. A theory previously developed has been used for the interpretation of our results. It is assumed there that the adsorption plane of ANS ions is located within the membrane and account is taken of the discrete charge effect and the non-electric interaction of ions in the adsorption plane. PMID- 7138931 TI - [Probable penetration of paramagnetic ions into biological cells estimated by impulse NMR]. AB - Water exchange through biological cell membranes was studied by impulse NMR method with paramagnetic inclusions for estimating probability of penetration of paramagnetic ions inside the cells. It is suggested here to use the measurements of the time of lateral relaxation of intracellular water at impulse radiofrequency saturation of longitudinal magnetization. PMID- 7138932 TI - [Conductivity of bilayer lipid membranes of phosphatidic acid at phase transitions, induced by temperature and pH]. AB - Conductivity of bilayer lipid membranes formed from synthetic phosphatic acid and its thioanalogs was studied. Conductivity of bilayer lipid membranes was shown to change spasmodically in the phase transition region. The temperature of conductivity jump decreased with pH shift from acid to alkaline region. The amplitude of conductivity jump attained 1.5-2 orders. The jump can be also obtained at constant temperature by changing the medium pH. The observed conductivity jumps are suggested to determine the phenomena of thermo- and chemoreception in biological membranes. PMID- 7138933 TI - [Effect of triterpene glycosides on the stability of bilayer lipid membranes, containing different sterols]. AB - Low concentrations of triterpene glycosides: holothurin A, stichoposide A and cauloside C sharply change the stability of bilayer lipid-sterine membranes. The glycosides activity decreases in the line: holothurin A, stichoposide A, cauloside C. The effective doses of glycosides are to a great extent determined by structural peculiarities of sterines which compose the films. A correlation was observed between the effect of triterpene glycosides on the stability of model bilayer membranes and their physiological activity. The model lipid-sterine membranes can be used in the primary screening of triterpene glycosides to estimate their physiological activity. PMID- 7138934 TI - [Relationship between structural liability of liver mitochondria outer membrane and the age and sex of rats]. PMID- 7138936 TI - [Effect of irradiation on microviscosity of the cellular nuclear membrane of tumor and liver of tumor-carriers]. AB - Spin probe analysis was carried out of changes in microviscosity of the nuclear membranes of the cells of tumor and liver of tumor-carriers with developing Ehrlich ascite carcinoma (EAC) different time after irradiation with lethal doses (650 r). Two iminoxyl radicals mainly localized in a lipid bilayer and in the membrane lipid layers adjacent to protein were applied. The pattern and level of changes in microviscosity of different nuclear membrane regions point to different response to irradiation of the cells of the tumor-carrier organ and of the tumor, both in viscosity properties and in the changes in lipid-protein relationships. A significant contribution to the total changes of the nuclear membrane microviscosity was made by the lipid layers adjacent to proteins. It is responsible for different reactions of the nuclear membranes of liver cells in tumor-carriers and in healthy animals, and also for a significant (3-fold) dilution of the nuclear membrane of EAC cells after irradiation. It is shown that temperature relationship of the times of rotative correlation of both probes is more pronounced in EAC cells of irradiated tumor-carriers than in the liver. PMID- 7138935 TI - [Effect of 8-methoxypsoralen and UV-irradiation on electric stability of liposome membranes]. AB - Irradiation with near ultra-violet light is shown to lead to a decrease in the electric stability of liposome membranes. The presence of 8-methoxypsoralen during irradiation enhanced the effect. Vacuumization of the sample or presence of alpha-tocopherol inhibited the decrease of the electric stability. 8 methoxypsoralen is supposed to decrease the electric stability of liposome membranes by photosensitizing lipid peroxidation. PMID- 7138937 TI - [Stable ecological structure in time-lag models]. PMID- 7138938 TI - [Spatial-frequency characteristics of receptive fields of the cat visual cortex on homogeneous and nonhomogeneous backgrounds]. AB - Spatial frequency characteristics of the cortical receptive fields obtained with sinusoidal gratings were investigated on the background formed by orthogonally oriented gratings or on the homogenous background. The results correspond to the conjecture that the receptive fields as spatial frequency filters are linear independent in orientation. PMID- 7138939 TI - [Reverberator in an active medium. Analytical results]. AB - An approximate analytical method for calculating rotating spiral wave in an active medium is described. The method is based on the transition to the system of coordinates connected with the wave front. An equation for the spiral wave is derived. A method is developed for setting boundary conditions for the solution of this equation. As an illustration for the Rincell-Keller model, there were plotted estimations of the medium parameter functions of the reverberator frequency and the wave length and the spiral wave rotating around the aperture. PMID- 7138940 TI - [Interaction between length and force in cardiac muscle. Electromechanical conjunction during myocardial deformation]. AB - The influence of initial length upon the phasic and tonic components of contraction was investigated by modified sucrose gap method in myocardial specimens of frog atrium and ventriculum and in rabbit papillary muscles. The stretch of myocardial specimens was found to cause the shift in "current-force of contraction" curves towards lower values of depolarizing current. The relationship between phasic and tonic components was shown to depend upon the initial length of the heart muscle. It was suggested that changes in the membrane potential and proposed additional calcium activation play a major role in the myocardial length-tension relationship, as well as myofilaments overlapping. PMID- 7138941 TI - [Mechanism of spiral waves initiation in active media, connected with critical curvature phenomenon]. AB - While studying on a digital computer a dimeric active medium described by Fitz Hew, Nagumo equations a new mechanism of spiral waves initiation was observed. It has been shown that when the wave rounds the barrier where Neuman baundary conditions are set (dE/dn = 0) the wave separates from the border and the breakage of the front takes place; then it develops into a spiral. The effect is observed when the curvature of breakage is close to the critical one for the given medium. The results obtained may be of interest for explaining the mechanism of initiation of spiral waves in the damaged regions of the myocardium tissues. PMID- 7138942 TI - [Numerical study of stochastic behavior of a simple biological system]. AB - A typical for biology system of differential equations modelling metabolism dynamics was investigated. The presence of a strange attractor in a phase space allows a conclusion that stochastic behavior is a usual thing in biophysics. Each dynamical variable sensitivity threshold of the system is naturally determined by the size of the attractor. PMID- 7138943 TI - [Initiation mechanism of the first extrasystole in short-term atrial arrhythmia]. AB - Excitation propagation during arrhythmias induced by electric stimulation into the vulnerable phase was studied on rabbit' left auricle bands by mapping (in 80 150 points). Arrhythmias were initiated under normal conditions and at acetylcholine background (0.2 mg/l). Recording of the electrical activity was realized by surface electrodes. The first extrasystole wave was shown to be conditioned as a result of the appearance of one or several point or ring-like excitation sources on the myocardium surface. There is no continuous circulation of the excitation wave on the surface of the cardiac tissue. Probable mechanisms of the appearance of such sources are discussed. Excitation circulation in the myocardium thickness (intramural re-entry) is considered as a more probable mechanism. PMID- 7138944 TI - [Optical tactics of antibacterial therapy for the trigger model of the infection process]. AB - A problem is considered on optimal concentration of an antibacterial drug for the model of illness, in which the illness and health states of the host organism are identified with alternative stationary states of pathogenic microbe population. The total toxic effect of the drug and pathogenic microbes is minimized. The optical tactics is shown to depend first of all on the growth pattern of the drug toxic effect with the increase of its concentration. If the function approximating this relationship is arched upwards (small rise of the toxic effect) the maximal tolerable concentration of the drug is the optimal one. In other cases the "typical" optimal tactics is that under which the concentration of the drug in the beginning of treatment rapidly increases up to the maximal tolerable one, is maintained at this level for some time and then monotonously decreases to the end of treatment for a long time. PMID- 7138945 TI - [Relationship between lipid peroxide oxidation and cell respiration]. AB - A relationship between lipid peroxide oxidation (LPO) in biomembranes and kinetics of oxygen uptake by intact cells and cells under hypotonic shock in the course of their incubation has been studied. Different effect of bivalent ferrum ions--activators of LPO was found; it depended on cell integrity. In the cells under normal physiological conditions the rate of oxygen uptake was independent of the amount of LPO products, while in the cells placed into hypotonic medium it decreased on the background of LPO intensification as compared to the normal one. Peculiar effects of the LPO products on intact cells seem to be related to spatial disconnection of respiratory centres and to localization of peroxide oxidation reactions. PMID- 7138947 TI - [Refractory properties of cardiac tissue at fast sodium current decrease. Comparison of atrium and ventricle]. AB - Investigation of the membrane potential of Neurospora crassa mycelial cells was carried out by standard microelectrode technique. The resting potential is equal to--156 +/- 11 mV (negative inside the cell). The light of the spectrum blue violet zone causes transient hyperpolarization of the cell membrane reaching --38 +/- 5 mV after 25 minutes of illumination. PMID- 7138948 TI - [Thickness determination of nonhomogeneous membrane by an optical method]. AB - A simple method is proposed to calculate bilayer lipid membrane (BLM) thickness using measurements of BLM reflectivity. BLM is considered to be nonhomogenous with the refractive index n = n(z)--a function of coordinate z normal to the membrane plane. The membrane thickness obtained with this method is 4 divided by 6% less than that obtained with the standard method. PMID- 7138946 TI - [Role of physical properties of laser radiation in light absorption by heme containing biological molecules]. AB - Influence of space and time coherence, spectral density and polarization of laser radiation upon the light absorption by hemolyzate, oxyhaemoglobin and catalase is studied experimentally. It is shown that the main physical factor of laser radiation defining the light absorption by the analysed biological molecules is time coherence and hence, the monochromatic property of laser beam. PMID- 7138949 TI - [Relative content of cholesterol and microviscosity of serum apo-B-containing lipoproteins of mammals]. AB - Microviscosity of serum lipoproteins of different classes of mammals was estimated by eximerization of pyrene fluorescent probe. It has been shown that protein-lipid particles of high density have the highest microviscosity, while lipoproteins of low density--the lowest. For apoB-containing lipoproteins of different mammals a high positive correlation was found between pyrene fluorescence parameter, reflecting microviscosity and cholesterin-phospholipid ratio in the particles. PMID- 7138950 TI - [Study of protoplasm mobility in the cells of Nitella by means of optical Doppler spectroscopy]. AB - Optical Doppler spectroscopy is used to study the nonstationary process of streaming restoration in internodal cell of alga Nitella. Both theoretical and experimental considerations concerned with the mechanism of motive force generation are presented. PMID- 7138951 TI - Voluntary heart rate deceleration: a critical evaluation. AB - This experiment was designed as a test of the view that the human heart rate (HR) deceleration response can be brought under voluntary control, when some form of exteroceptive feedback is available. Sixteen female volunteers were randomly assigned to two groups. The first group received instructions to decrease their HR plus a continuous negative (failure) binary feedback, while the second group received only the instructions. Each subject was given four sessions of HR deceleration training. Two identical tests were presented, one before and the other after the series of training sessions. These tests were divided into two parts. In the first part, subjects attempted to decrease their HR while undergoing an ischemic arm pain stress. In the second part, subjects performed a 40-trial HR discrimination task. The results indicate that all subjects decrease HR during both rest and voluntary control periods within each training session, but there are no significant group differences, no improvement in HR deceleration control over the four training sessions, and no difference in performance between rest and voluntary control periods. Similarly HR, blood pressure (BP), and the HR x BP product levels during the ischemic stress condition and the HR discrimination performance do not show group differences. It is suggested that the HR deceleration response may not meet the criteria generally applied to the definition of a voluntary response. PMID- 7138952 TI - A double-blind investigation of the relationship between seizure activity and the sleep EEG following EEG biofeedback training. AB - The sleep EEGs of eight medically refractory epileptic patients were examined as part of a double-blind, ABA crossover study designed to determine the effectiveness of EEG biofeedback for the control of seizures. The patients were initially reinforced for one of three EEG criteria recorded from electrodes placed over sensorimotor cortex: (a) suppression of 3- to 7-Hz activity, (b) enhancement of 12- to 15-Hz activity, or (c) simultaneous suppression of 3- to 7 Hz and enhancement of 11- to 19-Hz activity. Reinforcement contingencies were reversed during the second or B phase, and then reinstated in their original form during the final A' phase. All-night polysomnographic recordings were obtained at the end of each conditioning phase and were subjected to both visual and computer based power spectral analyses. Four of the patients showed changes in their nocturnal paroxysmal activity that were either partially or totally consistent with the ABA' contingencies of the study. The spectral data proved difficult to interpret, though two trends emerged from the analyses. Decreases in nocturnal 4- to 7-Hz activity were correlated with decreases in seizure activity, and increases in 8- to 11-Hz activity were correlated with decreases in seizure activity. These findings were shown to strengthen the hypothesis that EEG biofeedback may produce changes in the sleep EEG that are related to seizure incidence. PMID- 7138953 TI - Facilitation of performance on an arithmetic task as a result of the application of a biofeedback procedure to suppress alpha wave activity. AB - An electroencephalographic (EEG) biofeedback procedure was used in a pilot study to decrease the percent of time in alpha wave activity with five mentally retarded adults while engaged in an arithmetic test. Analysis of intrasubject and intersubject data revealed an overall significant decrease in the number of alpha events and percent of time in alpha wave activity as compared to baseline conditions. Such a decrease indicated facilitated attention by EEG definition. A collateral increase in percent of problems completed correctly and decrease in the number of distractible head-turning responses were noted. An automated method of determining head position was used and shown to be reliable in comparison to a human observer. PMID- 7138955 TI - The protractor as a dependent measure of EMG training. PMID- 7138956 TI - An analysis of Stein's model for stochastic neuronal excitation. PMID- 7138954 TI - The treatment of psychophysiologic insomnia with biofeedback: a replication study. AB - To replicate a previous study, 16 psychophysiological insomniacs were randomly assigned to either Theta feedback or sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) feedback. Evaluations by home sleep logs and by 3 nights in the laboratory were done before biofeedback, immediately after biofeedback, and 9 months later. Results from this study replicate previous findings. Both Theta and SMR feedback seemed effective treatments of insomnia according to home sleep logs. According to evaluations at the sleep laboratory, tense and anxious insomniacs benefited only from Theta feedback but not from SMR feedback, while those who were relaxed at intake but still could not sleep benefited only from SMR but not from Theta feedback. PMID- 7138957 TI - Trajectory formation and handwriting: a computational model. AB - This paper proposes a computational model for different aspects of trajectory formation, from point-to-point movements to handwriting. The proposed model is based on a mechanism of composition of basic curve elements (strokes) which separates the spatial and the temporal aspects of trajectory formation. At the same time, the model suggests a method for storing and describing arm movements, as a list of stroke descriptors. Experimental trajectories were digitized and analyzed with regard to several types of movements: i) point-to-point trajectories, ii) closed trajectories, iii) trajectories with inflection points, iv) spiral-like trajectories, v) handwritten trajectories. Velocity and curvature profiles were computed for the trajectories and the model was fitted to the data. The implications of the model and its "credibility" in the general context of motor control are discussed. PMID- 7138959 TI - Non-Markov negative correlation between interspike intervals in mammalian sympathetic efferent discharges. PMID- 7138958 TI - Simulation of learning processes in neuronal networks of the cerebellum. AB - A dynamic model of learning that is based on the specific neuronal system of the cerebellum, including some of its structural-functional peculiarities, is proposed. It allows to simulate modification processes of the parallel fiber synapse that influences the Purkinje cell. regularities of synaptic modifications are obtained by extrapolating well-known experimental data bout changes of synaptic efficiency as resulting from release, refilling and mobilization of the mediator. It is shown that a mathematical description of synaptic processes corresponds to experimental data on the changes of synaptic efficiency under rhythmical stimulation and gives objective quantitative estimates for long-term (refilling of the mediator) and short-term (mobilization of the mediator) effects which are caused by presynaptic stimulation. Computer simulations have been conducted to investigate the characteristics of learning for different values of the following parameters: intensity of unconditioned stimulus (US, activity of the climbing fibre), intensity of conditioned stimulus (CS, activity of the parallel fibre), temporal shift between US and CS, temporal interval between reinforcements. It is shown that the temporal shift between CS and US is one of the major factors that influence the learning procedures. Analysis of the data obtained shows that the model enables us to simulate the main regularities of establishment and extinction of conditioned reflexes. PMID- 7138960 TI - [Transmembrane migration of phosphatidylcholine and peroxidation of lipids in rat liver microsomes]. AB - The exchangeability of phosphatidylcholine in microsomes differing in the degree of lipid peroxidation was determined by incubation of microsomes labelled in vivo with [methyl-14C]choline chloride with an excess of phosphatidylcholine liposomes and phosphatidyl-exchange protein from beef liver. The phosphatidylcholine peroxidation products were shown to act as substrates for the phosphatidylcholine exchange protein. The level of exchangeable microsomal phosphatidylcholine did not depend on the degree of lipid peroxidation in the microsomes. Stimulation of lipid peroxidation by Fe2+-ascorbate or inhibition of lipid peroxidation by alpha tocopherol did not influence the exchange of microsomal phosphatidylcholine. However, with highly peroxidized phosphatidylcholine liposomes as acceptor particles the exchange of microsomal phosphatidylcholine in the presence of phosphatidylcholine-exchange protein was strongly inhibited. In all cases the percentage of microsomal phosphatidylcholine exchangeable within 1-2 hrs was 85 90%. It is concluded that lipid peroxidation is not responsible for the rapid translocation (flip-flop) of phosphatidylcholine in rat liver microsomes. A possible involvement of membrane proteins in this process is proposed. PMID- 7138961 TI - [Hydrolysis of synthetic peptides by group D cathepsins]. AB - The effects of highly purified preparations of cathepsine D from human liver, spleen and some tumours on synthetic hexa- and heptapeptides were studied. The cathepsins were obtained by repeated chromatography on pepstatin-Sepharose with subsequent gel filtration through Sephadex G-100. The peptides tested were structural analogs of pepstatin, a natural inhibitor of carboxylic proteinases. In these analogs the amino acid statin essential for the inhibitory action was substituted for the residues of natural amino acids serine, threonine and glycine. It was shown that the peptides Ac-Val-Leu-Ser-Leu-Thr, Ac-Val-Val-Ser Leu-Leu-Ser and Ac-Val-Val-Gly-Leu-Leu-Ser are appropriate substrates for cathepsins D. When leucine was substituted for isoleucine, the peptides were virtually resistant to the action of cathepsins D. The cathepsins from normal liver and spleen hydrolyzed only the peptide bonds formed by leucine. Cathepsins from malignant tumours exhibited a broader specificity in comparison with those from normal tissues, producing slight hydrolysis of other bonds. PMID- 7138963 TI - [Temperature dependence of glutaminase activity from the rat brain under hypothermia]. AB - The temperature dependence of the glutaminase activity in rat brain homogenates and at different steps of enzyme purification was studied under normal and hypothermic (20 degrees) conditions. Under normal conditions the enzyme activity shows a complex temperature dependence. Under hypothermic conditions a site with negative temperature dependence appears on the temperature dependence curve. These changes are observed both in homogenates and in enzyme preparations purified 5- and 60-fold. The mechanisms of this effect are discussed. It is assumed that the structural changes in the enzyme molecule are adaptive to low body temperatures. PMID- 7138962 TI - [Separation and properties of molecular forms of phospholipase D from plants]. AB - The optimal conditions for isolation and purification of phospholipase D (EC 3.1.4.4) from Middle-Asian radish tubers, cotton plant seeds and cabbage leaves using biospecific chromatography on polyamide absorbent with covalently linked phosphatidylethanolamine, were elaborated. The synthetic absorbent can be used for separation of molecular enzyme forms differing in their affinity for immobilized phosphatidylethanolamine (forms I, II, and III). Experimental evidence for the interconvertibility and interrelationship of different forms of plant phospholipase D is given. It is demonstrated that forms I and III separated by biospecific chromatography are represented by enzyme conformers distinguishable by their thermal stabilities (phospholipases D1 and Ds, respectively), while form II is a high molecular weight phospholipase D. PMID- 7138964 TI - [Glycyl-glycine dipeptidase from cat nervous tissue]. AB - The local distribution of glycyl-glycine dipeptidase (EC 3.4.13.1) from cat nervous tissue was studied. Using disc-electrophoresis, the multiplicity of the enzyme molecular forms was demonstrated. Glycyl-glycine dipeptidase from water extract and the partially purified enzyme forms revealed three similar or identical values of the pH optimum. The curves for the dependence of the reaction rate versus substrate concentrations for all the three enzyme forms under study are S-shaped. The kinetic data and the values of the Hill coefficient calculated by different methods are suggestive of allosteric properties of the cat brain enzyme. PMID- 7138967 TI - [Physico-chemical properties of ribose-5-phosphate isomerase from spinach leaves]. AB - An electrophoretically homogenous D-ribose-5-phosphate-ketol-isomerase (Ec 5.3.1.6) from spinach leaves was obtained. The effects of substrate, temperature, pH and some agents on the enzyme activity were studied and the kinetic parameters were calculated. The pK values for the monogenic groups of the enzyme were found equal to 7.40, 7.95 and 8.80. It was assumed that the active site of the enzyme contains several alpha-amino groups and a SH-group. pCMB titrates about 2 moles of SH-groups per mole of enzyme, while 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate)--less than 1 mole of SH-groups per mole of enzyme. PMID- 7138965 TI - [Study of cation binding to myosin subfragment I using the fluorescent probe Eu3+]. AB - It was shown that binding of the cation Eu3+ to myosin subfragment I (SI) results in fluorescence with a maximum at 595 nm which is increased as EuCl3 concentration rises. The ATPase activity of SI is simultaneously enhanced. An addition of bivalent cations (Ca2+ and Mg2+) causes quenching of fluorescence of the bound Eu3+ by 8-12%, which corresponds to Eu3+-ATPase inhibition by Mg2+. At low (down to 0.1 mM) concentrations of Eu3+ no fluorescence quenching by Mg2+ or Ca2+ takes place; under these conditions Mg2+ activate ATPase of SI in the presence of Eu3+. Eu3+ activate SI ATPase in the presence of low (down to 0.1 mM) concentrations of Ca2+, but exerts an inhibition action at high concentrations of Ca2+. NaCl does not affect the fluorescence intensity of bound Eu3+ but considerably inhibits the ATPase activity of SI in the presence of EuCl3. An existence of a bivalent cation binding site in the vicinity if the SI active center is postulated. Eu3+ whose ionic radius is close to that of Ca2+ interacts with protein surface and occupies this site as well, thus determining the activation of SI ATPase and can be replaced from it by Ca2+ and Mg2+, but not by Na+. Hence bivalent and monovalent cations are bound at different sites. The data obtained provide another proof in favour of a hypothesis suggesting that the regulation of myosin ATPase activity by bivalent and monovalent cations can be mediated by binding of these cations to the protein. PMID- 7138966 TI - [Photochemical activity of pea mutants with damaged photosystems]. AB - The interrelationship between biochemical photosynthetic reactions and mutations was investigated, using five nuclear recessive lethal pea mutants with damaged photosystems II (1, 19) and I (5, 21, 22). Based on the data from photoreduction of NADP+, light-induced redox conversions of exogenous and endogenous plastocyanines in isolated chloroplasts, light-induced redox conversions of cytochrome f and absorbance changes at 520 nm in chloroplasts and leaves, the possible existence of alternative pathways of electron transfer and the pleiotropic effects of mutations, are discussed. A correlation between the structural damages of chloroplasts and the photochemical activity of mutants was found. The existence of cyclic electron transport around photosystem I involving cytochrome f and plastocyanine in mutants 1 and 19 and of an electron transfer pathway from H2O to NADP+ without plastocyanine in mutant 22 is postulated. PMID- 7138968 TI - [Lysine-rich histones of Crenomytilis grayanus]. AB - Two lysin-rich histone fractions essentially differing in molecular weights were isolated from mature gonads of the Crenomytilis grayanus. Apart from differences in the length of the polypeptide chains, the proteins revealed some similar properties. They possess high positive charge due to a high content of lysin and arginine. Both histones are similar to histone H5 by the number of arginine, serine and alanine residues. Tyrosine residues essential for the tertiary structure of lysin-rich histones occupy similar positions in these proteins. The spatial structure of H1 molecules of Cr. grayanus is identical in terms of the size and amino acid composition of the globular fragments of both proteins. The larger size of one of the proteins is presumably due to an increased C-terminal domain enriched with lysine, alanine and proline residues. The presence of a globular region in the lysin-rich histones is indicative of a universal three domain organization of histones H1 and H5. The presence of all the hydrophobic and the bulk of aromatic amino acids in this part of the molecule and certain rigidity of the amino acid composition as well as localization of the whole alpha helix are typical for the proteins of the given class. PMID- 7138970 TI - [Isolation of phospholipase A2 on biospecific supports]. AB - The procedure of isolation of phospholipase A2 from Agkistrodon halys blomhoffii venom and porcine pancreas on biospecific supports of an organo-silica type with immobilized phospholipid is described. The purity of isolated enzymes was controlled by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, determination of the N-terminal amino acid and isoelectrofocusing. The enzyme activity was equal to 80 mumole/mg/min and 1400 mumole/mg/min for snake venom phospholipase and for pancreatic phospholipase A2, respectively. PMID- 7138971 TI - [Physico-chemical properties of cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase from the myxomycete Physarum polycephalum]. AB - Some physico-chemical properties of cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase from the myxomycete Physarum polycephalum were studied. The enzyme is not activated by Ca2+ and double-stranded RNA of poly(A)-poly(Y). The nature of the amino acid, target for phosphorylation, for the homogenous enzyme was established by two-dimensional electrophoresis, using casein as a protein substrate. The enzyme exclusively phosphorylates threonine residues in the casein molecule. PMID- 7138969 TI - [Comparison of endogenous nuclear RNA-polymerase II at different stages of mycoplasmodial growth]. AB - The nuclei of Physarum polycephalum isolated from the 48- and 96-hour-old growing microplasmodium differ 7-8 fold by the rates of [3H]UTP incorporation in vitro accompanied by a slight (approximately 1.6 fold) change in concentration of endogenous RNA-polymerase II. Using mild fragmentation of chromatin nuclei by micrococcal nuclease and DEAE-Sephadex chromatography the bound enzyme was shown to consist of two forms differing in the degree of their binding to the template and in functional significance. Transcription in the Physarum polycephalum nuclei can be regulated by changes in the correlation of these forms. PMID- 7138973 TI - [Enzymatic lysis of the cells of R-, S- and M-form Mycobacterium lacticolum and the conditions affecting this process]. PMID- 7138972 TI - [Differences in primary structures of delta-endotoxins produced by various serotypes of Bacillus thuringiensis]. AB - The primary structures of delta-endotoxins (crystal-forming proteins) produced by two serotypes of Bacillus thuringiensis--V (var. galleriae) and III (var. alesti) were compared. These proteins differ by the specificity of their action on Lepidoptera larvae as well as by their molecular weights. To evaluate the homology of primary structures the tryptic hydrolysates of both endotoxins were fractionated by ion-exchange and thin-layer cellulose chromatography with a subsequent amino acid determination in the hydrolysates of thus obtained the fraction. Only 10%, of the fractions gained from the tryptic hydrolysates of the two delta-endotoxins had similar amino acid composition. In control experiments on comparison of two hydrolysates of the same delta-endotoxins the percentage of fractions with similar amino acid composition was as high as 50%, which reflects the tendency of this approach to overestimate the extent of the differences between the two sequences. Hence the delta-endotoxins produced by two serotypes of Bacillus thuringiensis, being clearly homologous, reveal substantial differences in their amino acid sequences, which are dispersed along the whole polypeptide chain. These striking differences in the primary structures are indicative of an unusually high rate of their evolution, which may be of functional importance for B. thuringiensis serotypes adaptation to different ecological niches. PMID- 7138974 TI - [RNP structures of reactivated erythrocyte nuclei in heterokaryons]. PMID- 7138975 TI - [Fractionation of the DNA of human leukocytes according to protein binding strength]. PMID- 7138976 TI - [Effect of the volume of forced air and the frequency of controlled respiration on the restructuring of the natural rhythm of the respiratory center]. PMID- 7138977 TI - [Changes in the lipid metabolic indices as affected by glycyrrhenate in experimental hyperlipidemia]. PMID- 7138978 TI - [Neurophysiological analysis of the role of motivation in the formation of conditioned reflex behavior]. PMID- 7138979 TI - [Morphological and cytochemical differentiation of colonies of actinomycetes, heliomycin producers, in the process of developing on solid media]. PMID- 7138980 TI - [Possible mechanisms of the noncytotoxic release of biogenic amines as affected by radioprotectors]. PMID- 7138981 TI - [The use of omega-(2-anthroyl)carboxylic acids as fluorescent probes in studying phase transitions in membranes]. PMID- 7138983 TI - Bile acid composition in neonatal life in rats. AB - Bile acid (BA) metabolism was studied in the intestine, liver and plasma of rats at 0-1 day (neonates); 14 days (preweaning); 22 days (weaning) and 60 days (young adults) of age, as well as in the maternal tissues. In the intestine, total BA content (mumol/100 g body weight) decreased during neonatal life and reached maternal levels at 60 days. In the liver, BA increased up to 14 days and then decreased at 22 and 60 days of age, but these concentrations were higher than those found in the neonate and the mother. The serum concentrations in 14- and 22 day-old rats were more than 30 times higher than in the newborns. At 60 days, serum BA content was still twice that of the mother. BA composition in the intestine and the liver showed a reduction in 12 alpha-hydroxylated BA associated with an increase in chenodeoxycholic acid and 6 beta-hydroxylated BA during neonatal life. These data indicate an increased synthesis of chenodeoxycholic and 6 beta-hydroxylated BA after birth. It further suggests a possible defect in excretory mechanisms in neonatal life. PMID- 7138982 TI - [Drosophila mutants sensitive to methylmethane sulfonate. III. The effect of sex chromosome nondisjunctions and losses in females]. PMID- 7138984 TI - Uptake and turnover rate of norepinephrine in interscapular brown adipose tissue of the young rat. Influence of hypothyroidism. AB - Norepinephrine uptake and turnover rate were measured in the interscapular brown adipose tissue of normal and hypothyroid young rats. At the age of 15 days, hypothyroidism lowers the uptake of norepinephrine. This fact could partially explain why the norepinephrine content of the tissue has previously been found reduced in these animals when compared to controls. In the same animals, the turnover rate of norepinephrine is reduced by 80%. This indicates a decrease of the sympathetic tonus in the tissue. PMID- 7138985 TI - Plasma calcium homeostasis in the guinea pig during the perinatal period. AB - In pregnant guinea pigs on day 60 of gestation, maternal hypercalcemia induced by calcium infusion (10 mg Ca/kg body weight/h, during 2 h) had no significant effect on the fetal plasma calcium level. By contrast, on day 66 of gestation the same infusion of calcium into the pregnant female induced a significant rise both in maternal and fetal plasma calcium levels. This difference might be related to the variations in the efficiency of placental calcium transfer occurring during the last days of gestation in the guinea pig. Plasma calcium, phosphate and magnesium levels decrease during the 12 h following birth in suckling guinea pigs. Plasma calcium and magnesium concentrations returned to normal values at 24 h while plasma phosphate levels increased during the first week of postnatal life. PMID- 7138986 TI - Lipoprotein and lipid profiles in the blood serum of the fetal, neonatal and adult pig. AB - As revealed by agarose gel electrophoresis and immunoassay, followed by staining with Sudan black, lipoproteins occur in the alpha-, pre-beta- and beta-regions of the serum of fetal, newborn, neonatal, juvenile and adult pigs. These lipoproteins undergo characteristic quantitative changes during development. After the onset of colostrum ingestion, a lipid-stainable zone appeared in the gamma-region of piglet's serum and sow colostrum/milk. The levels of total serum lipids, cholesterol, high and low density lipoproteins were low at birth in comparison to those of the adult pig, but increased to higher levels after the onset of colostrum and milk ingestion. After 3-8 weeks, the total lipids, cholesterol and low density lipoprotein values had decreased to adult level but the high density lipoprotein values remained high in comparison to the adult pig. It is discussed that the changes found in lipoprotein and lipid patterns in serum of the developing pig reflect changes in cellular metabolism and nutritional needs of the organism. It is suggested that the perinatal pig might be a useful model for studying the development of atherogenic diseases in man. PMID- 7138987 TI - Trans fatty acids: transport and positional specificity in rat placental lecithin. AB - Differences in positional incorporation of trans and cis isomers of octadecenoic and octadecadienoic acids in placental lecithin of rats was demonstrated. A 14C labeled albumin complex of elaidic, oleic, linoelaidic, or linoleic acid was injected into the jugular vein of pregnant rats. 6 h later 45-64% of the total radioactivity in placental lipids was found in phospholipids (PL), with a major portion of the label incorporated into choline phosphoglycerides (CPC). Following hydrolysis of placental CPC by phospholipase A2, distribution of radioactivity within isolated fatty acids and lysolecithin suggested preferential incorporation of t,t-18:2 at position 2 and a nearly equal distribution of t-18:1 at positions 1 and 2. PMID- 7138988 TI - Onset of thermogenesis in response to cold in newborn mice. AB - The onset of thermogenesis in response to cold exposure in individual mice was studied using a sensitive close circuit system for measuring their rate of oxygen consumption. On the day of birth, exposure to a cool environment did not stimulate an increase in oxygen consumption, but 48 h later the majority of mice respond by doubling their metabolic rate in response to a fall from 36 to 31 degrees C in ambient temperature. When 5 mice huddled together an ambient temperature drop from 36 to 23 degrees C was required to provoke the same response. Brown adipose tissue is present at birth but the cells are relatively small and contain little fat. By the second day they are three times larger and contain far more fat. The onset of thermogenesis appears to await the development of brown adipose tissue. PMID- 7138990 TI - Pattern of liver erythropoiesis in embryos of polycythemic mice. AB - Polycythemia induced by hypoxia in pregnant mice caused a marked reduction in the total number of erythroid precursors in the 10th, 11th, and 12th day embryonic livers, as compared with controls. In addition, the maturation of the erythroid precursors in the 11th day embryonic livers of polycythemic mice was markedly inhibited in comparison with that of controls, whereas on the following days of gestation the erythropoiesis in embryonic livers of both polycythemic and control mice exhibited a similar pattern. It is suggested that the reduced erythropoiesis in the 11th day embryonic liver of polycythemic mothers provides a stimulation for embryonic erythropoietin production. Subsequently, it triggers the maturation of progenitor erythroid cells in the livers and induces an increased erythropoietic activity in the plasma of 12th and 13th day pregnant polycythemic mice as was observed in our previous study. PMID- 7138989 TI - Effect of body weight on postnatal development of the proximal small intestine of the rabbit. AB - The effect of oral intake and body weight on postnatal maturation of the small intestine was examined in infant rabbits with accelerated weight gain. Intestine from immature animals is characterized by large unidirectional Na fluxes, failure of Na absorption to respond to glucose but increased ability to absorb monosaccharides, and an enzyme pattern of high lactase and thymidine kinase and low sucrase. Postnatal development was monitored by measuring Na and glucose transport in short-circuited jejunum and enzyme activities in jejunal mucosa. Accelerated weight gain was achieved in the experimental group by reducing litter size to 3 animals at 24-48 hours of age. Under glucose-free conditions unidirectional Na fluxes were significantly smaller in tissue from the heavier experimental animals compared to controls. The addition of glucose had no effect on Na fluxes in control tissue but significantly increased Na absorption in the experimental group. Unidirectional and net fluxes of 14C-D-glucose were significantly smaller in the heavy experimental animals compared to controls. Isolated villus enterocytes from the experimental group had reduced lactase and thymidine kinase activities. Sucrase activity, which did not differ in isolated cells, was increased in total mucosa from the experimental group. Solute transport and the enzyme profile in jejunum from the heavier experimental suckling rabbits is characteristic of intestinal epithelium from more mature animals, indicating accelerated postnatal maturation. The findings suggest that oral nutrient intake and body weight, rather than chronologic age, act as the physiologic trigger for postnatal maturation of the small intestine. PMID- 7138992 TI - High positive correlation between urinary free tyramine excretion rate and "whole body" norepinephrine turnover in depressed patients. PMID- 7138991 TI - The effect of oral glucose on platelet monoamine oxidase. PMID- 7138994 TI - Extraversion and inhibition: a slow-potential study. AB - This report presents data showing that extroverts (Eysenck Personality Inventory) develop larger positive vertex slow potentials than introverts under extinction conditions ("no go" instruction in a fixed foreperiod reaction time task). The effect was clearer in subjects with low neuroticism (N) scores than in those with a middle N level. Since independent evidence indicates that cortical positivity is associated with inhibitory phenomena, results are interpreted as lending support to the notion that extroverts may develop more inhibitory potential than introverts under certain conditions. PMID- 7138995 TI - Definitions of REM latency: some comparisons with particular reference to depression. AB - Unlike sleep stages, which are assessed by standardized criteria, an informal survey by us showed that the definition of REM latency is relatively idiosyncratic. Differences in definition arise for two reasons: Differences in the definition of sleep onset, and the inclusion or exclusion of wakefulness that may occur prior to the first REM period. Seven definitions are identified. Each was applied to 70 records taken from 14 depressed patients, 5 remitted depressives, and 5 normal subjects. In all three samples, REM latencies calculated on the basis of the different definitions differed significantly. Reasons for adopting a common definition are discussed. It is suggested that, if established, the reliability and validity (concurrent and predictive) of the available measures would provide an empirical basis for selection. PMID- 7138996 TI - The effect of sex and task difficulty of EEG alpha activity in association with arithmetic. AB - The effects of arithmetic task difficulty and sex of subject on parietal alpha activity (8-13 Hz) and alpha asymmetry (RH-LH/LH + RH) were investigated using a series of eyes closed self-generated tasks. Sixteen right-handed subjects (8 males, 8 females) were asked to carry out sets of successive addition and multiplication tasks divided into three levels of difficulty. In comparison to a simple counting task, more difficult tasks showed lower alpha power. All tasks except the counting condition and the successive addition of 3's task (right hemisphere only) were associated with below-baseline levels of alpha activity. When laterality ratios were considered, all addition tasks and the easy multiplication task were found to be relatively left lateralized in relation to baseline and spatial task values. A sex by task interaction, however, was detected. Males exhibited relative left hemisphere activation for the more difficult addition task and the multiplication task of medium difficulty. Females, on the other hand, showed relative left lateralization for the easy tasks and one of the more difficult addition tasks. When the harder arithmetic tasks were repeated, females showed an increase in relative left hemisphere activation for one of the more difficult multiplication tasks. Males computed the problem sets significantly faster than females. These data suggest that the effects of difficulty may interact with ability such that ability may determine the maximum level of relative hemisphere activation achieved within a given difficulty range. While no absolute differences in asymmetry were found between the sexes, females tended to show greater asymmetry differences between spatial and arithmetic tasks. Finally, no significant relationship was found between the degree of alpha asymmetry and performance measures. PMID- 7138997 TI - The effects of different types of neonatal feminization and environmental stimulation on changes in sex-associated activity/spatial learning skills. AB - This research programme commenced in West Africa, where it was found that individuals with kwashiorkor gynaecomastia were feminized. This was also reinforced by the interacting dominant maternal socialization practices (Dawson, 1966). This was confirmed with feminized responses for adult male rats, on the Tolman-Maze (Dawson, 1972), while as well confirmed neonatally, for both feminized male and female rats (Dawson, Cheung and Lau, 1973, 1975). The present experiment tests the interacting effects of various levels of environmental stimulation, high, normal and low (Levitsky and Barnes, 1972), using feminized male rats. Thus castration, oestrogen and castration, and oestrogen feminized males, were contrasted with male and female controls. The results confirmed the physiological growth curves and other anatomical differences. As well, the activity data confirmed the hypothesis, for the combined samples (where high Ns mean more reliability) and also the environmental stimulation (F ratio: d.f. 18 and 57, 11.37, p less than 0.001; low Ns here mean lower reliability). However, for the symmetrical maze, the results for the combined samples, were not as convincing as in Dawson et al. (1973, 1975), although the environmental stimulation produced significant results in many cases, including a significant interaction for the analysis of variance (F ratio: d.f. 18 and 57, 3.12 p less than 0.001). PMID- 7138998 TI - Effects of preparatory set and task demands on auditory event-related potentials. AB - Different instructional sets for moderate vs. high response speeds were given in a visual letter-matching task. On 50 percent of the trials an auditory probe requiring a simple RT response was presented in one of four temporal locations within the ongoing visual task. Probe locations were selected to maximize differences in the processing demands of the dual, auditory-visual task (see Posner and Boies, 1971). The N100 of the event-related potential associated with the auditory probe was larger under the high response speed set than under the moderate set, regardless of probe location. P300 amplitude was also greater under the high speed set relative to the moderate set but only when the task demands were high. The results were interpreted in terms of the interaction between arousal and task demands and a neural inhibition model of the P300 was discussed. PMID- 7138999 TI - Effect of attentional and neutral instructions and of forward and backward conditioning analogs on response to change from paired stimulus repetition: more evidence relevant to the role of orienting reaction recovery in short-interval classical autonomic conditioning. PMID- 7138993 TI - Psychiatric illness, gluten, and celiac disease. PMID- 7139001 TI - Haemodynamic and electrodermal correlates of psychogenic stimuli in hypertensive and normotensive subjects. AB - This study compared tonic and phasic cardiovascular and electrodermal activity in subjects having essential arterial hypertension (HT) with that of sex- and age matched normotensive (NT) controls. Fourteen subjects of each group were subjected to 'sensory intake' (letter identification) and 'rejection' (mental arithmetic) tasks while recordings were made of: systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressure, hand and forearm blood flows, heart rate, skin conductance level and fluctuations. The rejection task affected more physiological variables in both groups than the intake task did. The reaction pattern was similar in both groups. Except for systolic and diastolic blood pressures tonic cardiovascular and electrodermal activity of the HT group was not different from that of the NT group. The same pattern, although less clear cut, was observed when reactivity was studied. According to analyses based on pressure levels both tasks raised the systolic blood pressure of the HT group, whereas only the rejection task raised systolic blood pressure in the NT group. In contrast, an analyses based on blood pressure changes from base to task indicated that both groups increased systolic blood pressure to both tasks. Since virtually no other differences in reactivity were found, this study offers weak support for the notion that subjects having essential arterial hypertension are pressor hyper-reactors. PMID- 7139000 TI - Habituation of the electrodermal orienting reaction is dependent on the cerebral hemisphere initially stimulated. AB - The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between habituation of the electrodermal orienting reaction (OR) and asymmetrical hemisphere functioning. Subjects were exposed to lateralized visual input with fear-relevant and neutral content. Skin conductance recordings were taken bilaterally. The experiment consisted of four groups in a randomized 2 X 2 factorial design (N = 40). Half of the subjects habituated to repeated presentations (25 trials) of a snake-slide, whereas the other half viewed a slide of a rectangular black geometric shape. Within each stimulus category, half of the subjects had the picture presented 6 degrees of visual angle lateral to the right of a central fixation point (i.e. initial right hemisphere input). The other half had the picture presented to the left (i.e. initial right hemisphere input). Results showed a significant overall decrease in response magnitude over trials, and a significant main effect of type of projection field. Responses in the left field groups were larger than responses in the right field groups on all trials. No other comparisons reached significance. The results are discussed in terms of hemisphere asymmetry and its role in the regulation of the habituation process. PMID- 7139002 TI - Specificity of attention in the Stroop test: an EP study. AB - General models of attention differ in the degree of specificity which they predict. The dimension of specificity was used to determine the underlying attention mechanism which modulated the amplitude of the P85 component of the VEP. The subjects attentional set was manipulated by means of the Stroop test. It was found that the selective mechanism was highly specific and an explanation for the effect was given in terms of bias in structures encoding the physical rather than semantic nature of stimulation. PMID- 7139003 TI - Differential behavioural effects of two instrumental paradoxical sleep deprivation techniques in rats. AB - Behavioural consequences of deprivation of paradoxical sleep were studied by placing rats in a light-dark preference box following 0, 24, 48, and 72 h of treatment and after 96 h, following a 24 h recovery period. Paradoxical sleep deprivation was induced either by the platform or pendulum technique, and three control groups were tested on the same regime. The number of crossings between parts of the box was taken as an estimation of locomotor activity, while time spent in the various compartments of the preference box was also measured. Surprisingly, behavioural consequences were found to be dependent on the technique employed. An increase of ambulation and decrease of dark preference were obtained when paradoxical sleep was deprived by the platform technique, but no changes were noticed following exposure to the pendulum procedure. It is suggested that non-specific effects rather than PS deprivation per se are responsible for the behavioural changes found after platform deprivation. PMID- 7139004 TI - Changes with the menstrual cycle in psychophysiological and self-report measures of activation. AB - This study investigated changes in levels of central autonomic nervous system activity, using objective and self-report measures at two hormonally contrasting phases of the menstrual cycle. The subjects were 36 women who were divided into two groups, one tested in the premenstrual phase and one in the intermenstrual phase. The findings, which would need further confirmation, suggest that the levels of activation in both the central nervous system and in the autonomic nervous system are different in the two phases. Also, the two systems appear to vary independently of each other within the cycle. Cortical levels of activation are higher intermenstrually than premenstrually; autonomic levels are higher premenstrually than intermenstrually. The objective and self-report measures were in agreement both as regards the premenstrual/intermenstrual differences in activation levels, and as regards the central/autonomic differentiation. Further clarification of nervous system activity at the different hormonal phases of the cycle may contribute to an understanding of the relationships between endocrine, physical, psychological and behavioural variables through the menstrual cycle. PMID- 7139005 TI - Placental and serum hormone changes during the second half of pregnancy in the hamster. AB - The concentrations of androgen, estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin-like hormones in serum, placentae, and media from placental incubations during the second half of pregnancy in the hamster were determined. Concentrations of prolactin-like activity in serum, placentae, and media from placental incubations increased from Day 8 to Day 14 of gestation. On Day 16 of pregnancy the content and in vitro release of placental prolactin-like activity declined; however, serum prolactin-like activity increased. The in vitro release of 3H-protein by hamster placentae showed gestational changes resembling the pattern of in vitro placental lactogen release. Serum and placental content of progesterone increased from Day 8 to Day 14 of gestation and declined from Day 14 to Day 16. In vitro placental progesterone release increased from Day 8 to Day 12 and declined from Day 12 to Day 16. Serum estrogen levels were elevated during the second half of pregnancy, whereas serum androgen levels were minimal. Neither estrogen nor androgen production by hamster placentae could be detected. PMID- 7139007 TI - Is estrogen required for implantation in the ferret? AB - A series of experiments was designed to further test the hypothesis that ferret corpora lutea synthesize and secrete estrogen between Days 6 and 8 of pregnancy, and that this estrogen is required to initiate implantation of blastocysts on Day 12. Corpora lutea, removed on Day 8 of pregnancy contained significant quantities of testosterone. Incubation of aliquots of the same luteal tissue for 4 h significantly elevated estrogen levels above those of nonincubated controls. Peripheral plasma estrogen levels exhibited a slight increase on Day 8 over those observed on Day 6 of pregnancy (7.9 +/- 3.4 vs. 4.1 +/- 1.1 pg/ml). However, continuous release of estradiol from Days 6-8 from two different sizes of Silastic capsules failed to induce implantation in ovariectomized-progesterone treated ferrets, whereas this same treatment was compatible with nidation in intact ferrets. Administration of the aromatase inhibitor, androsta-1,4,6-triene 3,17-dione (ATD) on Days 5-8 of pregnancy prevented implantation of blastocysts on Day 13. Simultaneous administration of estradiol and ATD failed to reverse the inhibitory effect of ATD. Results of this study confirm that luteal tissue of ferrets possesses at least one aromatizable androgen which is converted to estrogen under physiological conditions. However the data do not support the hypothesis that estrogen is required for implantation in the ferret. PMID- 7139006 TI - Variation in ovarian steroids associated with the annual mating period in female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). PMID- 7139010 TI - Effects of prolonged caging with fertile males on reproductive functions in aging female rats. PMID- 7139009 TI - Daily melatonin injections mimic the short day-induced increase in negative feedback effects of testosterone on gonadotropin secretion in hamsters. PMID- 7139008 TI - Acceleration and delay of sexual maturation in female mice via chemosignals: circadian rhythm effects. AB - Two experiments tested whether the male urinary chemosignal that accelerates puberty in female mice or the urinary chemosignal from grouped females that delays puberty are affected by circadian rhythms. The experiments also tested whether there is a circadian component for the response system(s) of the young recipient female mice for the onset of first vaginal estrus. Male urine collected at 0600 h was more effective in inducing earlier maturation than urine collected at 0000, 1200 or 1800 h. Urine from grouped females collected at all four times produced significant delays in first estrus, but urine collected at 0000 h produced longer delays than urine from 0600, 1200 or 1800 h. For male urine, application at 0600 h produced significant acceleration relative to urine treatment at 0000, 1200 or 1800 h. No differences were recorded in age of puberty in females treated with urine from grouped females when urine was applied at the four different time points. Possible interpretations of these results involve circadian variations for various hormones and related physiological processes in both donor and recipient mice. PMID- 7139011 TI - Characterization of porcine granulosa cells by isopycnic gradient centrifugation. PMID- 7139012 TI - Chronic ethanol feeding impairs human chorionic gonadotropin-stimulated testicular testosterone responses of dogs. AB - To investigate the effects of ethanol on gonadal function, 24 male dogs were divided into four groups: the control group received no ethanol and the other three groups were fed varying amounts of ethanol for 30 days. Plasma concentrations of testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured by radioimmunoassay after 30 days of ethanol or control feeding. At the conclusion of the experimental period the testes of each dog were examined for unstimulated and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-stimulated testosterone production by means of an in vivo perfusion method. None of the dogs lost weight or had abnormal liver histology as a result of ethanol feeding. Control dogs and dogs fed ethanol (0.64 g/kg of body weight) showed no changes in gonadal function. Dogs fed ethanol (1.28 g/kg and 1.92 g/kg of body weight) had no decreases in peripheral concentrations of testosterone or LH, but hCG-stimulated testicular testosterone production was significantly impaired in both groups (P less than 0.005 and P less than 0.025, respectively). In addition, the dogs receiving ethanol at 1.92 g/kg of body weight had significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased unstimulated testicular testosterone production. It is concluded that a) daily ingestion of small amounts of ethanol does not cause obvious changes in gonadal function, b) peripheral concentrations of testosterone and LH may not accurately reflect early ethanol-induced gonadal dysfunction, c) hCG-stimulated testicular testosterone production is impaired when daily ethanol consumption is 1.28 g/kg of body weight or greater for 30 days, and d) these changes occur in the absence of weight loss or obvious liver pathology. PMID- 7139013 TI - Variation of cytoplasmic content of estrogen and progesterone receptors in the mammary gland and uterus of rats at time of parturition. AB - The cytoplasmic content of estrogen and progesterone receptors (ERc and PRc) was measured in the rat uterine and mammary tissues during the period from late pregnancy through lactation. Uterine ERc and PRc, which sedimented at the 8S and 4S regions, respectively, of a 5-20% sucrose gradient, showed similar rise and decline patterns before and after parturition. Following a decline from the 15th day (114 +/- 13.7 fmol/mg protein) to the 20th day of pregnancy (57.7 +/- 10.2 fmol/mg protein), ERc levels increased almost 2.5-fold at the time of parturition. A decrease to the predelivery level by 24 h post-delivery was followed by a steady increase to 270.6 +/- 46 fmol/mg protein by 15 days of lactation. Uterine PRc levels also showed a peak similar to that of ERc at the time of parturition (24.3 +/- 1.1 fmol/mg protein). The level of ERc in mammary gland 6 h postpartum was the lowest (1.5 +/- 0.3 fmol/mg protein) and during the first 10 days of lactation ERc levels were maintained at about 10 fmol per mg of cytosol protein. Results herein suggest that levels of these steroid receptors may be hormonally regulated and that the uterus and mammary gland may have a different sensitivity to these regulatory control mechanisms. The physiological significance in the variation of these receptors in conjunction with the onset of parturition is discussed. PMID- 7139014 TI - Luteotropic and antiluteolytic activities of the rabbit conceptus. PMID- 7139015 TI - The contribution of observations on early pregnancy in the little sac-winged bat, Peropteryx kappleri, to an understanding of the evolution of reproductive mechanisms in monovular bats. PMID- 7139016 TI - Purification of rabbit sperm autoantigens by preparative SDS gel electrophoresis: amino acid and carbohydrate content of RSA-1. AB - This study has described a relatively simple preparative procedure for isolating sperm autoantigens from testis membrane pellets using an SDS-7%-15% polyacrylamide gradient prep-disc gel column. Using this system, the rabbit sperm membrane autoantigen, RSA-1, has been isolated without the use of an immunoadsorbent column, giving an almost 10-fold greater yield than with the immunoadsorbent column method. A second autoantigen (RSA-2) has also been isolated. Both RSA-1 and RSA-2 retain their antigenic activity after isolation from the prep-disc gel. The carbohydrate and amino acid content of RSA-1 was determined. RSA-1 is 9.1% carbohydrate and by gas liquid chromatographic analysis contains xylose, galactose, mannose, glucose and glucosamine. The average hydrophobicity of RSA-1 indicates that it is a relatively nonpolar, asymmetric protein in the general category of fibrous or tropomyosin-like proteins. PMID- 7139017 TI - Changes in metabolism of ram sperm associated with epididymal transit or induced by exogenous carnitine. AB - Differences in the metabolism of testicular and cauda epididymal sperm have been demonstrated for several species, but the region(s) of the ram epididymis in which changes in metabolism occur is not known. In these experiments respirometric and radioisotopic methods were used to monitor metabolic activity of ram sperm isolated from six regions of the epididymis. Effects of exogenous carnitine on metabolism of the sperm also were studied. Sperm from the caput and corpus epididymidis had similar rates of glucose and oxygen consumption and of lactate and CO2 production. However, the magnitude of each parameter was severalfold higher for cauda sperm. In addition, cauda sperm produced 25 times more acetate than caput or corpus sperm. The amount of energy derived from utilization of endogenous substrates was similar for sperm from all regions of the epididymis. Exogenous D,L-carnitine (5 mM) had no effect on the metabolism of caput or corpus sperm. However, when cauda sperm were incubated with carnitine, they consumed less glucose and produced less lactate and more acetate; thus they produced the same amount of ATP from less glucose than did control aliquots incubated without exogenous carnitine. Since the rate of ATP synthesis was equivalent for both incubations, we believe this change in metabolism reflects an increased efficiency of glucose utilization. This increased efficiency may be vital for sperm motility. PMID- 7139018 TI - Modification of ram sperm membranes during epididymal transit. PMID- 7139019 TI - Biocompatibility of a silicon based peripheral nerve electrode. AB - The biocompatibility of a silicon neuroelectric interface for chronic use in mammalian peripheral nerves was investigated. New Zealand white rabbits were used as the animal model. The implant was made of (110) silicon coated with one micron of silicon dioxide. An anisotropic etch was used to form a grid of ten silicon bars each 40 microns wide and spaced 160 microns apart. A Silastic nerve cuff was molded onto each side of the grid. Using microsurgical techniques, the nerve was transected and sutured into the implant cuff. One implanted rabbit was completely analyzed and is reported here. By 32 days post operatively, the EMG of the affected muscles had partially recovered. The EMG of the affected muscles was indistinguishable from the contralateral control muscles after 150 days. At 332 days, the conduction properties of the implanted nerve confirmed that the nerve was capable of conduction through the silicon grid. Histological observations were consistent with normal peripheral nerve regeneration following microsurgical neurrorhaphy. Seven additional rabbits have been implanted and will be fully analyzed in the future. It was concluded that the silicon peripheral nerve implant described here should be pursued as a substrate for a chronic neuroelectric interface. PMID- 7139021 TI - In vivo calcification induced by a proteolipid complex (lysozyme-acidic phospholipid). AB - A synthetically prepared proteolipid complex was inserted into experimentally produced osseous wounds in the tibias of rats. Similar control wounds were made in the humeri and no proteolipid was inserted. At 7-day intervals for 28 days, rats were sacrificed and both the control and experimental sites were evaluated by gross inspection after the overlying soft tissues had been surgically removed. Specimens were then processed for histologic evaluation employing a Zeiss Videoplan Image Analysis System with Osteoplan for quantitative bone morphometrics. At the 7 and 14 day levels, the rate of osseous wound healing at the experimental sites greatly exceeded the rate at the control sites (p less than 0.0005). By 21 days the experimental areas still showed an accelerated healing response compared with the controls (p less than 0.005). By 28 days the experimental and the control wounds demonstrated almost complete osseous healing. PMID- 7139020 TI - Retention characteristics of porous rooted Co-Cr-Mo alloy dental implants. AB - The interface characteristics of porous rooted cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy (Co-Cr-Mo) dental implants which had been in free standing function in canine mandibles for a period of two years were investigated. The displacement of the implants and of points on the adjacent mandibular cortex were determined by mechanical testing. Bone ingrowth was quantified, and the structure of the bone implant interface and mandibular cortex were characterized using histologic and microradiographic analyses. Displacement characteristics were correlated with determinations of the tissue structure adjacent to and growth within the implant to provide information about the biological attachment. A correlation was found between the thickness of the buccal and lingual cortical plates and implant displacements; implants having the greatest displacement response were in mandibles with the thinnest cortical plates. A relationship could not be established between the implant displacement response and the quantitative tissue structure data. Differences observed in the displacement response of the implant by mechanical testing were not observed by clinical measurements of mobility. It was concluded that implant retention mechanical behavior results from both interfacial displacement and deflection of the adjacent mandibular structures. PMID- 7139022 TI - Stress distribution in the proximal femur after surface replacement: effects of prosthesis and surgical techniques. AB - The increasing number of reported femoral neck fractures following surface replacement indicates a potentially serious problem in this procedure. A comparison of the stress levels in the proximal femur before and after hip surface replacement was made using the finite element technique. A proposed surgical bone graft procedure utilizing a strut of cortical bone placed through the femoral head into the neck to help support the surface replacement was also studied as an adjunct for use in avascular necrosis. The findings indicate that stress magnitudes and distributions in the proximal femur are markedly altered after surface replacement when compared to a femur without a prosthesis. Stress levels in the femoral head with surface replacement were found to be significantly lowered suggesting future problems with stress shielding. Lateral neck stresses were found to be equal to or greater than stress levels in the femur without a prosthesis. Stress orientation in the femoral neck is also markedly altered. Surface replacement design and recommended surgical positioning were important variables in determining stress levels. Femoral neck stresses were found to be significantly lowered for all designs of surface replacement when the bone graft modification was utilized. The results of this study explain the major mechanisms of failure of the femoral component. The proposed bone graft modification is demonstrated by the finite element model to decrease the possibility of femoral neck fracture. PMID- 7139023 TI - Location of the carboxyl terminus of bacteriorhodopsin in purple membrane. AB - Purple membrane samples have been prepared by trypsin digestion to have either 10 or 21 residues removed from the carboxyl terminus of the proteins. Electron diffraction of single membranes and x-ray diffraction of unoriented membrane pellets have been carried out on both these specimens and on native purple membranes. the main conclusion from this work is that the carboxyl terminus is almost entirely disordered, being free to take up many positions, and that its removal does not affect the packing in the crystal. The low resolution x-ray diffraction difference map may also suggest the approximate location of the carboxyl terminus. PMID- 7139025 TI - Transmembrane electrical currents of spin-labeled hydrophobic ions. AB - When spin-labeled phosphonium ions are rapidly mixed with phospholipid vesicles, time-dependent changes in the electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum of the spin label are observed. These changes are interpreted in terms of transmembrane transport of the hydrophobic ion, and simple analysis of the data at different membrane potentials is shown to give the binding constant of the ion to both membrane surfaces, the permeability, and current-voltage relationship for the vesicle membrane in the presence of the hydrophobic ion. These results establish the time resolution for methods using the phosphonium ion as a probe of time dependent potentials across vesicle membranes, as well as provide fundamental information regarding the binding and transport of hydrophobic cations across bilayers. This latter point is significant in view of the fact that hydrophobic cations have not been well characterized in planar bilayers due to their weak binding and low conductance. PMID- 7139026 TI - Temperature dependence of the yield shear resultant and the plastic viscosity coefficient of erythrocyte membrane. Implications about molecular events during membrane failure. AB - Structural failure of the erythrocyte membrane in shear deformation occurs when the maximum shear resultant (force/length) exceeds a critical value, the yield shear resultant. When the yield shear resultant is exceeded, the membrane flows with a rate of deformation characterized by the plastic viscosity coefficient. The temperature dependence of the yield shear resultant and the plastic viscosity coefficient have been measured over the temperature range 10-40 degrees C. Over this range the yield shear resultant does not change significantly (+/- 15%), but the plastic viscosity coefficient changes exponentially from a value of 1.3 X 10( 2) surface poise (dyn s/cm) at 10 degrees C to a value of 6.2 X 10(-4) surface poise (SP) at 40 degrees C. The different temperature dependence of these two parameters is not surprising, inasmuch as they characterize different molecular events. The yield shear resultant depends on the number and strength of intermolecular connections within the membrane skeleton, whereas the plastic viscosity depends on the frictional interactions between molecular segments as they move past one another in the flowing surface. From the temperature dependence of the plastic viscosity, a temperature-viscosity coefficient, E, can be calculated: eta p = constant X exp(--E/RT). This quantity (E) is related to the probability that a molecular segment can "jump" to its next location in the flowing network. The temperature-viscosity coefficient for erythrocyte membrane above the elastic limit is calculated to be 18 kcal/mol, which is similar to coefficients for other polymeric materials. PMID- 7139024 TI - X-ray diffraction and electron microscope study of phase separation in rod outer segment photoreceptor membrane multilayers. AB - Phase separation in artificially stacked multilayers of isolated bovine retinal rod outer segment (ROS) membranes has been examined via x-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. Specimens were prepared by isopotential spin drying followed with partial hydration by equilibration against moist gas streams. Upon dehydration, the multilamellar membrane phase assumes a binary phase composition consisting of concentrated protein-containing lamellae interspersed with microdomains of hexagonally packed tubes of lipid in a HII configuration. The HII lattice is geometrically coupled to the lamellar phase with one set of hexagonal crystal planes co-planar to the local membrane lamellae. The hexagonal microdomains bear a striking resemblance to the "paracrystalline inclusions" observed in fast-frozen, intact frog ROS (Corless and Costello. 1981. Exp. Eye Res. 32:217). The lamellar lattice is characterized by an unusually small degree of disorder. Sharp lamellar diffraction with a 120 A unit cell is observed (at near total dehydration) to a resolution of 6 A. A model consistent with the data is that a multilamellar array of ROS disks is stable as long as the external disk surfaces are kept sufficiently far apart. If the distance between the membranes is allowed to shrink below a certain critical value, the disk lipids spontaneously convert to a nonbilayer phase. This suggests that the structure of the ROS is stabilized by an internal framework that acts to keep the disks apart from one another and from the plasmalemma. Thus, the necessity of avoiding phase separations may provide a rationale for the peculiar morphology of the ROS. PMID- 7139027 TI - Mechanics of the left ventricle. AB - A theory is presented for the mechanics of the left ventricle. A linear continuum description of the myocardium is developed, which incorporates anisotropic elastic effects due to the fiber direction field. The relation between fiber tension and fiber strain contains a time-dependent activation function that drives the ventricle around its cycle. The theory is applied to a simplified geometry consisting of a thick-walled finite cylinder in which fibers spiral on helical paths and terminate on planar end surfaces. The helix pitch angle varies continuously through the wall. The ventricular cycle is analyzed by specifying the pressures at which the aortic and mitral valves open and close. Key quantities are tabulated which permit a simple determination of the properties of the model under changes of wall thickness, fiber angles, muscle parameters, preload, afterload, etc. It is shown how the active muscle parameters can be inferred from a measurement of the end systolic pressure-volume line. PMID- 7139028 TI - Water in barnacle muscle. IV. Factors contributing to reduced self-diffusion. AB - The relative self-diffusion coefficients D/Do, of water in various solutions, in fresh barnacle muscle fibers, and in membrane-damaged fibers equilibrated with several media have been estimated from NMR relaxation rates in the presence of applied field gradients. A model has been developed to account for the contributions to the observed reduction in D/Do from small organic solutes, and from the hydration and obstruction effect of both soluble macromolecules and myofilament proteins. Intracellular ions do not affect D/Do, but all tested organic solutes do. Solute effects are additive. When artificially combined in the proportions found in barnacle muscle ultracentrifugate (measured D/Do = 0.77), organic acids, small nitrogenous solutes, and proteins give D/Do = 0.77. After correcting the D/Do measured in fibers for this value, we calculate the myofilament hydration, Hm, in fresh muscle to be 0.65 g H2O/g macromolecule. Only in membrane-damaged fibers, highly swollen by salt-rich media, was this significantly increased. Because our earlier NMR relaxation measurements indicate only 0.07 g H2O bound/g myofilament protein, we conclude that the "hydration" water measured by reduction of D/Do cannot be described by stationary layers of water molecules; instead, we propose that nonpolar groups on the proteins cause extensive, hydrophobically-induced interactions among a large fraction of solvent molecules, slowing their translational motion. PMID- 7139029 TI - Improved fluorescent probes for the measurement of rapid changes in membrane potential. AB - To improve the quality of fluorescent voltage-sensitive probes twenty new styryl dyes were synthesized. Some of the new probes are significantly better than any used in the past. A signal-to-noise ratio of 90 root mean square (rms) noise was obtained for an optical recording of action potentials from neuroblastoma cells maintained in monolayer culture. The fluorescence fractional change of the optical signal is as large as 14%/100 mV. Photodynamic damage and bleaching are much less significant with the new probes. These fluorescent probes can be used to measure small and rapid changes in membrane potential from single cells maintained in monolayer cultures, from single cells in invertebrate ganglia, from their arborization, and from other preparations. The optical measurement can be made with a standard fluorescent microscope equipped with DC mercury illumination. Guidelines for the design of even better fluorescent probes and more efficient instruments are suggested. PMID- 7139030 TI - The nature of sources of bioelectric and biomagnetic fields. AB - The goal of this paper is to examine the origins and relative importance of primary and secondary sources of electric and magnetic fields for excitable tissue. It is shown that for axonal and cardiac tissue a comparison of the relative field strength from both primary and secondary sources shows only the latter to be significant. Even if the divergence and curl of the primary source were independent (and hence were both needed to define the primary source), because the secondary sources all arise from the divergence of the primary source the magnetic field reflects the same source component as the electric field. As a consequence magnetic and electric fields arising from active tissue are strongly linked. PMID- 7139031 TI - Interfacial electric polarizability of purple membranes in solution. AB - An investigation of the scattered light (lambda = 632.8 nm) from purple membrane suspensions with different concentrations subjected to external AC and DC electric fields has been carried out. The electric pulses used were in the field strength range 0-3.2 X 10(4) Vm-1 and the frequency range 10 Hz-1 MHz, the pulse duration being less than or equal to 0.5 s. A concentration dependence of the relative changes in the scattered light intensity was obtained, the effect being positive on orienting the suspensions by an AC field at 1 and 10 kHz, and negative in the case of a DC field. The negative effects in the diluted samples decrease and turn positive as the strength of the field increases. The positive effects show the existence of an interfacial polarizability along the plane of the membrane, and the negative ones suggest the presence of a permanent dipole moment (p), perpendicular to the plane of the membrane. The values of gamma (induced polarizability) and p were found to be on the order of 10(-28)-10(-29) Fm2 and 10(-24) Cm, respectively. An explanation in terms of membrane aggregation for the observed dependence on concentration is given. PMID- 7139032 TI - Water permeability of the chromaffin granule membrane. AB - NMR spin-lattice relaxation rates of solvent protons have been used to measure the water permeability coefficient of the chromaffin granule membrane. The technique involves labeling the chromaffin granule interior with Mn+2, which provides an efficient relaxation pathway for intravesicular solvent protons. Added Mn+2 spontaneously accumulates in the chromaffin granule matrix in the presence of the divalent cation-specific ionophore A23187 and is maintained against a large concentration gradient. In this way, the internal proton relaxation rate is readily augmented to values some 10(2)-10(3) times greater than that in the extravesicular water space. Transmembranal water transport permits solvent protons in the extravesicular water space, in which most of the observed NMR signal orginates, to sample the highly relaxive environment of the chromaffin granule matrix. By this process, water permeation shortens the observed relaxation rate. The diffusive water permeability coefficient of the chromaffin granule membrane has been measured over the temperature range 0-38 degrees C. The permeability coefficient measured at 25 degrees C is comparable to a previously reported value for planar lipid bilayers composed of ox brain lipids and cholesterol (Pd approximately equal to 0.37-0.53 10(-3)) cm X s-1 at 25 degrees C) but is substantially less than values for the plasma membranes of erythrocytes and Chlorella. Hypothesized hydrophilic "pores," thought to provide parallel permeation pathways in the latter membranes, appear to be absent in chromaffin granule membranes. The water permeation rate exhibits Arrhenius temperature behavior and does not reflect a phase transition at 32 degrees-34 degrees C observed previously in ESR spin-label studies of chromaffin granule ghosts. PMID- 7139034 TI - Solvation properties of natural and synthetic ionophores. I. Stoichiometry of complexes with alkali and alkaline earth cations in aprotic organic solvents. AB - Ion-solvent interactions play a very important role in the studies of stoichiometry, structure, and stability of complexes of cations with natural and synthetic ionophores. These compounds are extremely useful in study of the interaction of neutral salts with macromolecules and the mechanism of cation transport across biological membranes. Knowledge of the ionophore solvation properties enables one to choose a suitable solvent for complexation studies and to obtain detailed information on the solvent effect. We would like to present in this paper a very simple method of estimating the solvation properties of ionophores. We treat the ligand as an assembly of individual noninteracting binding sites. The solvation properties of solvents can be used to represent the solvation sites in natural and synthetic ligands. The solvation properties are represented by the Gutmann donor number (DN) of the model solvent. We can define the solvation ability of a ligand binding site be "donor number of binding site" (DN binding site), which in turn can be represented by the DN of the appropriate model solvent. The average DN of the ligand (DN average) is defined as [xi ni-1 (DN binding site)i]/n, where n is the number of the ligand binding sites. Comparison of the DN average with the DN solvent, together with the knowledge of the composition of the system, characterizes remarkably well the solvation properties of the ligand. This model explains (a) the stoichiometry of many alkali and alkaline earth cation complexes with natural and synthetic ligands in aprotic organic solvents, (b) the transport of alkali and alkaline earth cations across lipid bilayers, and (c) how polypeptides and proteins interact with neutral salts in solutions. PMID- 7139033 TI - Role of diffusion in ligand binding to macromolecules and cell-bound receptors. AB - The association and dissociation rates of partially diffusion-controlled bimolecular reactions are considered. A simple expression for the equilibrium constant is derived using classical statistical mechanics. The relationship is established between the Collins-Kimball treatment, which is based on the "radiation" boundary condition involving an intrinsic rate constant k, and the kinetic scheme A + B in equilibrium A . . . B in equilibrium AB where A . . . B is an encounter complex. It is shown that with the appropriate choice of the interaction potential, Debye's expression for the association rate constant becomes identical to that obtained using the radiation boundary condition if k is evaluated using Kramers' theory of diffusive barrier crossing. Finally, the competitive binding of ligand to a spherical cell, whose surface is partially covered by multiple reactive sites, is studied by treating the cell as a partially reacting sphere. PMID- 7139035 TI - Lateral mobility in membranes as detected by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. AB - The evaluation of lateral diffusion coefficients of membrane components by the technique of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is often complicated by uncertainties in the values of the intensities F(O), immediately after bleaching, and F(infinity), after full recovery. These uncertainties arise from instrumental settling time immediately after bleaching and from cell, tissue, microscope, or laser beam movements at the long times required to measure F(infinity). We have developed a method for precise analysis of FRAP data that minimizes these problems. The method is based on the observation that a plot of the reciprocal function R(tau) = F(infinity)/[F(infinity)-F(tau)] is linear over a large time range when (a) the laser beam has a Gaussian profile, (b) recovery involves a single diffusion coefficient, and (c) there is no membrane flow. Moreover, the ratio of intercept to slope of the linear plot is equal to tau 1/2, the time required for the bleached fluorescence to rise to 50% of the full recovery value, F(infinity). The lateral diffusion coefficient D is related to tau 1/2 by tau 1/2 = beta w2/4D where beta is a defined parameter and w is the effective radius of the focused laser beam. These results are shown to indicate that the recovery of fluorescence F(tau) can be represented over a large range of percent bleach, and recovery time tau by the relatively simple expression F(tau) = [ F(o) + F(infinity) (tau/tau 1/2)]/[1 + tau/tau 1/2)]. FRAP data can therefore be easily evaluated by a nonlinear regression analysis with this equation or by a linear fit to the reciprocal function R(tau). It is shown that any error in F(infinity) can be easily detected in a plot of R(tau) vs. tau which deviates significantly from a straight line when F(infinity) is in error by as little as 5%. A scheme for evaluating D by linear analysis is presented. It is also shown that the linear reciprocal plot provides a simple method for detecting flow or multiple diffusion coefficients and for establishing conditions (data precision, differences in multiple diffusion coefficients, magnitude of flow rate compared to lateral diffusion) under which flow or multiple diffusion coefficients can be detected. These aspects are discussed in some detail. PMID- 7139036 TI - Light-scattering studies of bull spermatozoa. II. Interaction and concentration effects. AB - The complete autocorrelation function of the intensity fluctuations of laser light scattered from motile bull spermatozoa is shown to depend upon several factors not previously considered. Samples of bull spermatozoa generally contain a substantial proportion of dead cells, which give rise to slowly decaying components of the autocorrelation function. Whereas previous work has concentrated on the form of the fast decaying autocorrelation component, we are concerned here with the relative amplitude and shape of the slow autocorrelation component and the general form of the composite function. In principle, the relative amplitudes of the fast and slow components of the autocorrelation function can be used as an assay of the proportion of swimming cells. We show that this amplitude ratio depends upon cell concentration, scattering cell geometry, and scattering angle. A simple model is developed to explain these results on the basis of the asymmetry of light scattered from these cells, motile/immotile cell interactions, wall-swimming effects, and geotactic reorientation of dead cells. PMID- 7139039 TI - Asymmetry of fluctuation with respect to time reversal in steady states of biological systems. AB - The asymmetry of fluctuation with respect to time reversal which is expected in an energy-consuming steady state is discussed with special attention to biological systems. The necessary condition for asymmetry of fluctuation of an observed quantity is given. To show the usefulness of the experimental analysis of asymmetry of fluctuation, some calculations are carried out on two simple examples of three-state reactions. In one of them, the two-point time correlation function of the observed quantity has an oscillatory component, while in the other the function is nearly exponential, but in both cases, the fluctuation has a pronounced asymmetry. A method to estimate the degree of asymmetry of fluctuation is proposed, and the application of the present method to investigation of the molecular events in biological systems such as muscle is discussed. PMID- 7139037 TI - A biophysical model of lysozyme self-association. AB - The concentration dependence of the self-association of hen egg-white lysozyme was studied spectrophotometrically at pH 6, 25 degrees C, and low ionic strength within a concentration range of 2.5-50 micrograms/ml. Of several possible mathematical models, an ideal or nearly ideal two-stage model representing an equilibrium between monomers and dimers and between dimers and trimers best describes the data. The dimerization and trimerization constants were found to be 2.5 x 10(-2) and 38 x 10(-2). Dialysis experiments confirmed that the mechanism involves three associating species. A "head-to-tail" contact between the associating sites was inferred from dialysis studies of the effect of indole and imidazole derivatives on lysozyme self-association. PMID- 7139038 TI - Thermodynamics and mechanism of high-pressure deactivation and dissociation of porcine lactic dehydrogenase. AB - Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) from pig heart and pig skeletal muscle can be reversibly dissociated into monomers at high hydrostatic pressure. The reaction can be quantitatively fitted by a reversible consecutive dissociation-unfolding mechanism according to N in equilibrium 4M in equilibrium 4M (where N is the native tetramer, and M and M two different conformations of the monomer) (K. Muller, et al., Biophys. Chem. 14 (1981) 101.). At p less than or equal to 1 kbar, the pressure deactivation of both isoenzymes (H4 and M4) is described by the two-state equilibrium N in equilibrium 4M. From the respective equilibrium constant and the temperature and pressure dependence of the change in free energy, the thermodynamic parameters of the dissociation/deactivation may be determined, e.g., for LDH-M4: delta GDiss = 110 kJ/mol, delta SDiss =-860 J/K per mol, delta HDiss= -124 kJ/mol (enzyme concentration 10 microgram/ml, in Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.6, I = 0.16 M, 293 K, 0.8 kbar); the dissociation volume is found to be delta VDiss =-420 ml/mol (0.7 less than p less than 0.9 kbar). Measurements using 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS) as extrinsic fluorophore demonstrate that the occurrence of hydrophobic surface area upon dissociation parallels the decrease in reactivation yield after pressurization beyond 1 kbar. Within the range of reversible deactivation (p less than 1 kbar) no increase in ANS fluorescence is detectable, thus indicating compensatory effects in the process of subunit dissociation. 2H2O is found to stabilize the enzyme towards pressure dissociation, in accordance with the involvement of hydrophobic interactions in the subunit contact of both isoenzymes of LDH. PMID- 7139040 TI - Theory of sedimentation for ligand-mediated heterogeneous association dissociation reactions. AB - Theoretical analytical sedimentation patterns have been computed for ligand mediated heterogeneous association-dissociation reactions between macromolecules. Involvement of either a single kind of ligand or two different ligands acting in a stepwise fashion has been considered. Self-association, mediated in a stepwise fashion by two different ligands, has also been examined. The conclusion reached is that such interactions have the potentiality for exhibiting as many as three or four sedimenting peaks despite rapid rates of reaction. In general, the peaks correspond to different equilibrium compositions and not to individual macromolecular species; that is to say, they constitute a reaction boundary. Their resolution depends upon generation of concentration gradients of ligand(s) along the centrifuge cell by chemical reequilibration during sedimentation of the several macromolecular species. The implications of these findings for fundamental studies on subunit proteins and protein assemblies and for conventional applications of ultracentrifugation are discussed. PMID- 7139041 TI - Polydispersity and chain break effects on DNA intramolecular renaturation. AB - The influences of sample polydispersity and of internal chain breaks are introduced in the formal description of intramolecular renaturation phenomenology, enhancing the usefulness of the involved methodology. In our method, renaturation is induced not by cooling but by increasing the sodium concentration. The single-stranded size distributions for the two types of samples employed (haplotomic and diplotomically degraded) are discussed. In the case of haplotomic cleavage, the variable is the strand size in the 'segment' between consecutive nicks in either of the native DNA strands. Our equations have been obtained by considering that the arrangement of DNA sequences may be approximately taken as random. These equations provide a good description of experimental data and a reasonable value (about 1000 base-pairs) for the size of the thermalite sequence, but show low sensitivity to departures from the random arrangement of sequences. PMID- 7139042 TI - Reversible and irreversible conversion between the intermolecular beta-structure and the disordered state of poly(S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine) in aqueous media. AB - Conversion between the intermolecular beta-structure and the disordered state of a fractionated low molecular weight sample of poly(S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine) was examined mainly by the measurements of circular dichroism in the absence of salt as well as in the presence of 20 mM NaClO4 or NaCl. In 20 mM NaClO4 or NaCl solutions, the conversion was reversible. Under this condition, it was confirmed by direct and unambiguous evidence provided from the viscosity and the reduced scattering intensity that the beta-structure was formed by intermolecular association. At low degrees of neutralization, the pH increased on dilution while it remained constant over a wide range of concentration at a high degree of neutralization. In the absence of salt, the conversion was often irreversible with respect to a concentration change at a constant degree of neutralization or to a change in the degree of neutralization at a constant concentration. The extent of the irreversible conversion decreased with the amount of beta-structure in the solution. The dissociation of aggregates was very slow at low ionic strengths. It was inferred that the irreversible nature of the conversion arose from this slow dissociation of aggregates. PMID- 7139043 TI - The binding of Ni2+ to adenylyl-3',5'-adenosine and to poly(adenylic acid). AB - Studies of the binding of Ni2+ to adenylyl-3',5'-adenosine (ApA) at pH 6.0 by ultraviolet spectrophotometry indicate the formation of a 1:1 complex in the presence of a large excess of metal ion. At 25 degrees C, and ionic strength mu = 0.5 M, the stability constant of Ni(ApA) is evaluated to be K = 2.6 (+/- 0.6) M 1. The low stability is taken as evidence that the predominant complex species is one in which the ApA acts as a monodentate ligand, mainly through the adenine group. The rate constants for complex formation and dissociation, kf = 1430 M-1 s 1 and kb =665 s-1 (25 degrees C, mu=0.5 M), determined by the temperature-jump relaxation technique, are consistent with this interpretation. The binding strength of Ni2+ to poly(adenylic acid) [poly(A)] has been studied at pH 7.0 using murexide as an indicator of the concentration of free Ni2+. Within the concentration range [Ni2+]free = 1 x 10(-5) -1 x 10(-3) M the data can be represented in the form of a linear Scatchard plot, i.e., the process can be described as the binding of Ni2+ to one class of independent binding sites. The number of binding sites per monomer is 0.26, and the stability constant K=8.2 x 10(3) M-1 (25 degrees C, mu=0.1 M). In kinetic studies of the reaction of Ni2+ with poly(A), two relaxation effects due to complex formation were detected, one with a concentration-independent time constant of about 0.4 ms, the other with a concentration-dependent time constant in the millisecond range. The concentration dependence of the longer relaxation time can be accounted for by a three-step mechanism which consists of a fast second-order association reaction followed by two first-order steps. There is evidence, however, that the overall process is more complicated than expressed by the three-step mechanism. PMID- 7139045 TI - Nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion in monoclinic lysozyme crystals. AB - Nuclear magnetic relaxation measurements are reported as a function of field strength corresponding to the frequency range from 0.01 to 20 MHz for water protons in monoclinic lysozyme crystals at 278 and 298 K. Though the instrumentation used selects only a portion of the total magnetization to sample, the data clearly indicate a field dependence of the relaxation rate that signals the presence of slow motions characterized by time constants in the range of tenths of microseconds and slower. The data support, but do not uniquely prove, the hypothesis that this time scale is that appropriate to the isotropic averaging of locally anisotropic water molecule motion at the protein surface. PMID- 7139044 TI - Analysis of excited-state processes by phase-modulation fluorescence spectroscopy. AB - Fluorescence phase shift and demodulation methods were used in the analysis of excited-state reactions and to investigate solvent relaxation around fluorophores in viscous solvents. The chosen samples illustrate the results expected for fluorophores bound to biological macromolecules. These moderately simple samples served to test the theoretical predictions described in the preceding paper (J.R. Lakowicz and A.B. Balter, Biophys. Chem. 16 (1982) 99.) and to illustrate the characteristic features of phase-modulation data expected from samples which display time-dependent spectral shifts. The excited-state protonation of acridine and exciplex formation between anthracene and diethylaniline provided examples of one-step reactions in which the lifetimes of the initially excited and the reacted species were independent of emission wavelength. Using these samples we demonstrated the following: (1) Wavelength-dependent phase shift and demodulation values can be used to prove the occurrence of an excited-state process. Proof is obtained by observation of phase angles (o) larger than 90 degrees or by measurement of ratios of m/cos o greater than 1, where m is the modulation of the emission relative to that of the excitation. (2) For a two-state process the individual emission spectra of each state can be calculated from the wavelength dependent phase and modulation data. (3) The phase difference or demodulation factor between the initially excited and the reacted states reveals directly the fluorescence lifetime of the product of the reaction. (4) Phase-sensitive detection of fluorescence can be used to prove that the lifetimes of both the initially excited and the reacted states are independent of emission wavelength. (5) If steady-state spectra of the individual species are known, then phase sensitive emission spectra can be used to measure the lifetimes of the individual components irrespective of the extent of spectral overlap. (6) Spectral regions of constant lifetime can be identified by the ratios of phase-sensitive emission spectra. In addition, we examined 6-propionyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene (PRODAN) and N-acetyl-L-tryptophanamide (NATA) in viscous solvents where the solvent relaxation times were comparable to the fluorescence lifetimes. Using PRODAN in n butanol we used m/cos o measurements, relative to the blue edge of the emission, to demonstrate that solvent relaxation requires more than a single step. For NATA in propylene glycol we used phase-sensitive detection of fluorescence to directly record the emission spectra of the initially excited and the solvent relaxed states. These measurements can be easily extended to fluorophores which are bound to proteins and membranes and are likely to be useful in studies of the dynamic properties of biopolymers. PMID- 7139046 TI - Electrical excitability of artificial enzyme membranes. I. Ion-exchange properties of synthetic proteinic films. AB - This paper deals with the physico-chemical properties of artificial membranes. The membranes are produced with different protein molecules which offer amphoteric sites with weakly ionizable groups. The adsorption of phosphate and sodium ions in different artificial proteinic membranes is studied as a function of both pH and concentration of the external solution. The influence of the sign and density of fixed charges as the nature and concentration of mobile ions is studied by measuring the potential difference between both membrane compartments. PMID- 7139047 TI - Electrical excitability of artificial enzyme membranes. II. Electrochemical and enzyme properties of immobilized acetylcholinesterase membranes. AB - This paper deals with aspects of the reciprocal interaction between enzyme activity and the microenvironment or the potential difference in artificial proteinaceous membranes bearing cross-linked acetylcholinesterase. The potential difference resulting from asymmetric substrate injection into the system is recorded as a function of time. The influence of the membrane charge density on both enzyme activity and potential difference is studied by varying the external solution pH. The enzyme specific potential is initiated by local change of pH at the membrane level and the dependence on the buffer strength is studied. The recorded potential difference appears to be the result of the reciprocal interaction between enzyme reaction and the diffusion of substrate or products. PMID- 7139048 TI - Electrical excitability of artificial enzyme membranes. III. Hysteresis and oscillations observed with immobilized acetylcholinesterase membranes. AB - Experimental evidence for memory and oscillations in artificial acetylcholinesterase membranes is presented. When acetylcholine is injected on one side of an artificial proteinic membrane bearing acetylcholinesterase, a potential difference is recorded as a function of time. The steady-state potential due to the enzyme activity for increasing and decreasing substrate concentrations exhibits a hysteresis loop. The non-linearity of the enzyme reaction coupled with the diffusion constraints cause also some instabilities, such as oscillations of the membrane potential. PMID- 7139049 TI - The pK of the amino terminal groups of carbonmonoxy- and deoxyhemoglobin measured by dinitrophenylation in phosphate buffers. AB - The rate of reaction of the terminal valines of the alpha- and beta-chains of hemoglobin with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene was followed spectrophotometrically at 353 nm. The variation with pH of the rate of dinitrophenylation of these groups was measured for both carbonmonoxy- and deoxyhemoglobin. In carbonmonoxyhemoglobin the results indicated a pK near 6.7 and 7.7 for the amino terminal groups of the two kinds of subunits, and were attributed to the alpha- and beta-chains respectively. Removal of ligands produced an increase of 0.1 in both pK values and a decrease of 40% of the pH-independent kinetic constant for dinitrophenylation of the beta-subunits. These modifications are due to the conformational changes associated with ligand binding in the system. In phosphate buffers the contribution to the Bohr effect of the amino terminal residues of either chains is negligible. PMID- 7139050 TI - Fluorescence anisotropy of labelled F-actin. Influence of Ca2+ on the flexibility of F-actin. AB - We measured the fluorescence static anisotropy and the time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy decay of F-actin labelled with N-iodoacetyl-N'-(5-sulfo-1 naphthyl)ethylenediamine at 20 degrees C in solutions containing 100 mM KCl and free Ca2+ at various concentrations. The average fluorescence anisotropy and the fluorescence rotational correlation time of actin decreased in the presence of micromolar concentrations of free Ca2+. The change of the rotational correlation time of labelled actin could not be explained by a variation of the actin critical concentration. We concluded therefore that F-actin undergoes a conformational change induced by Ca2+ binding. The binding constant was 6 X 10(6) M-1. PMID- 7139051 TI - Analytical solution of coupled nonlinear rate equations. I. Michaelis-Menten kinetics. AB - An approximate analytic solution to the Michaelis-Menten kinetic equations is developed which is free of the traditional steady-state hypothesis and is of a simpler form than previous perturbation approaches, so that the relaxation process can be traced in detail. The method involves coordinate transformation of the rate equations and subsequent solution of an integral equation which displays evolution of the system in time as the unfolding of a memory function whose value at any instant is contingent upon the past history of the system. A memory function of the type described here is not present in linear kinetics, so that it can serve to define the distinctly nonlinear features of a kinetic process. The scheme can be enlarged for development of approximate analytical solutions to nonlinear rate equations descriptive of open systems which can evolve into limit cycles or show chaotic behavior. PMID- 7139052 TI - Theory of phase-modulation fluorescence spectroscopy for excited-state processes. AB - Theory is presented for the analysis of excited-state reactions by fluorescence phase shift and demodulation methods. Initially, a two-state model with spectral overlap is considered to illustrate most simply the effects of excited-state reactions on the expected phase and modulation values. Secondly, a multistate model is described to illustrate the probable effects of a fluorophore interacting with several solvent molecules. We note the following unique features of phase-modulation data expected from a fluorophore whose emission spectrum shifts during the lifetime of the excited state: (1) The modulation frequency dependence of the apparent phase (tau p) and modulation (tau m lifetimes of the reacted species is opposite to that of a heterogeneous population of fluorophores. (2) For the reacted species tau p greater than tau m. For a heterogeneous sample tau p less than tau m. (3) The phase angle of the reacted species can exceed 90 degrees. For a heterogeneous sample phase angles are always less than 90 degrees. Thus, phase and modulation measurements can distinguish between time-dependent processes and spectral heterogeneity by observation of any feature described above. Additionally: (4) The lifetime of the product species can be measured directly. (5) Reverse relaxation can be identified, and the reverse relaxation rates calculated. (6) The wavelength-dependent phase and modulation data can be used to resolve the individual spectra from a two-state reaction. (7) And finally, under favorable conditions, a two-state excited-state process can be distinguished from a continuous multiple-state process. In each instance, model calculations are presented to illustrate the unique potentials of phase-modulation fluorometry for investigations of excited-state processes. PMID- 7139054 TI - Statistical analysis of DNA sequences. II. PMID- 7139053 TI - Statistical analysis of DNA sequences. I. PMID- 7139055 TI - Studies on molecular species of choline and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids obtained from rat brain myelin and synaptosomes by gas-liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. AB - By converting to t-butyldimethylsilyl derivatives, molecular species of ethanolamine glycerophospholipid including both 1,2-diacyl and 1-alk-1'-enyl-2 acyl (plasmalogen) types were able to be analysed by a gas chromatography mass spectrometry selected ion monitoring technique. The samples analysed were ethanolamine glycerophospholipid and also choline glycerophospholipid obtained from myelin and synaptosomes of rat brain, both of which are characteristic subcellular organella of the nervous system. Main molecular species of ethanolamine glycerophospholipid were as follows: in myelin as 1,2-diacyl type, 36:1 (mainly 18:0/18:1), and as 1-alk-1'-enyl-2-acyl type, 34:2 (mainly vinyl 16:0/18:1), 36:2 (mainly vinyl 18:0/18:1) and 36:3 (mainly vinyl 18:1/18:1), whereas in synaptosomes as 1,2-diacyl type 36:1 (mainly 18:0/18:1), 38:4 (mainly 18:0/20:4) and 40:6 (18:0/22:6), and as 1-alk-1'-enyl-2-acyl type 34:2 (mainly vinyl 16:0/18:1), 36:2 (mainly vinyl 18:0/18:1), and 36:3 (mainly vinyl 18:1/18:1). The molecular species of choline glycerophospholipid consisted almost entirely of 1,2-diacyl type and they were in myelin 34:1 (mainly 16:0/18:1), 36:1 (mainly 18:0/18:1) and 36:2 (mainly 18:1/18:1), whereas in synaptosomes 32:0 (mainly 16:0/16:0), 34:0 (16:0/18:0), 34:1 (mainly 16:0/18:1) and 36:1 (mainly 18:0/18:1). In myelin as 1-alkyl-2-acyl type, 34:1 (1-hexadectl-2-octadecenoyl) was present at about 7%. PMID- 7139056 TI - Single ion monitoring assay for the serotonin re-uptake blocker Org 6582 in plasma. AB - An assay method has been developed to determine the serotonin re-uptake blocker Org 6582 as its free base in plasma. As internal standard an isomer of Org 6582 is used. The assay procedure includes protein precipitation by addition of trichloroacetic acid, n-hexane extraction from basic medium and derivatization with trifluoroacetic acid anhydride. Quantification is performed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry by monitoring the molecular ions of the N trifluoroacetyl derivatives of Org 6582 and internal standard at m/z 315. The assay method was applied to plasma samples from toxicological and from Phase I clinical studies. The assay characteristics are discussed in relation to comparable assay methods routinely employed in the authors' laboratory to monitor drug levels. PMID- 7139057 TI - Mass spectrometry of 2-substituted-4-arylthiazoles. II--Identification of microsomal nitroreduction product by mass spectrometry. AB - Electron impact fragmentation of 2-methyl-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-thiazole and 2-amino 4-(4-nitrophenyl)-thiazoles were studied. Prominent fragment ions result from: (1) elimination of an NO2 radical and of a neutral NO molecule; (2) 1,2 cleavage of the thiazole ring in both compounds to give a phenoxythiirene ion; and (3) subsequent cleavage of this phenoxythiirene ion to give the common ions [C7H5]+ and [C5H3]+. An anaerobic microsomal nitroreduction product of 2-methyl-4-(4 nitrophenyl) thiazole was isolated and its structure was determined by electron impact, chemical ionization and high resolution mass spectrometry to be 2-methyl 4-(4-aminophenyl)-thiazole. PMID- 7139059 TI - The accurate determination of serum glucose by isotope dilution mass spectrometry -two methods. AB - Two isotope dilution mass spectrometric methods have been developed for the determination of D-glucose in human serum. Each uses a uniformly labeled (13C)glucose as the internal standard. The first method involves conversion of glucose into 1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-glucofuranose and an extensive clean-up, followed by quantitation using packed column gas chromatography mass spectrometry. In the second method, glucose is converted into alpha-D glucofuranose cyclic 1,2:3,5-bis(butylboronate)-6-acetate. The wet chemistry work up is simpler, but analysis by capillary gas chromatography mass spectrometry is required. Both methods exhibit excellent precision (coefficients of variation less than 0.3%) and provided mean values that agree within 1% for all serum pools tested. PMID- 7139058 TI - Geographical variations in the carbon isotope composition of the diet and hair in contemporary man. AB - Geographic variations in the carbon isotope composition of the human diet and human hair were investigated. The carbon isotopic composition of common foodstuffs purchased in Chicago, USA, Tokyo, Japan and Munich, FRG, were determined by combustion and differential isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The dietary protein carbon for the United States (-18.1%) was calculated to be enriched in 13C relative to the Japanese (-21.2%) and the German (-23.6%) diets. To a large degree, the differences reflected the consumption of corn-fed animal products in the United States and Japan, as well as seafood in Japan. The carbon isotopic composition of hair (-16.4, -18.0 and -20.4%) for the three respective populations correlated with the calculated values of the dietary protein, but were 2-3% enriched in 13C. Changes in the isotopic composition of beard hair were shown to record the changes in dietary composition in travelers visiting the respective regions. PMID- 7139060 TI - The single-point method of dosage prediction: pharmacokinetic basis and method optimization. AB - Based on the principle of superposition an expression has been established relating a drug concentration at steady-state to a concentration after a single dose. This relationship applies for drugs with linear pharmacokinetics given at equal dosage intervals and it is independent of the route of administration. The relationship provides theoretical justification for the single-point method of dosage prediction reported in the literature. The test conditions in the method can therefore be optimized and the limits of the method defined. The expression can also be used for individualized prediction of maintenance dose after estimation of drug half-life in the patient with no limit to half-life values to which it can be applied. PMID- 7139061 TI - Buccal uptake, urinary excretion, and physicochemical properties of zipeprol and its N-dealkylated products. AB - Buccal uptake, partition characteristics, ionization constants, and urinary excretion were studied for zipeprol and two of its metabolites. Buccal uptake, measured in a single subject, was found to be correlated with n-heptane/water (ph 7.4) partition values of the compounds, and with proportional excretion of the unchanged drug. The importance of the shape of buccal uptake-pH curves in the prediction of absorption and excretion of these compounds is discussed. PMID- 7139062 TI - Excretion of digoxin and its metabolites in urine after a single oral dose in healthy subjects. AB - The 3-day urinary excretion of digoxin, its conjugated and unconjugated hydrolytic metabolites and dihydrodigoxin, was studied in 8 healthy men after oral administration of tritiated digoxin. Analysis was performed by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The total radioactivity corresponded to 45.4 +/- 2.0 per cent (mean +/- S.E.M.) of the dose. By HPLC 42.4 +/- 2.7 per cent was recovered before and 44.0 +/- 2.7 per cent after deconjugation of the samples. Digoxin and dihydrodigoxin constituted 40.3 +/- 2.9 per cent; of this 0.7 +/- 0.4 per cent was dihydrodigoxin. The sum of the hydrolytic metabolites was 2.1 +/- 0.3 per cent before and 3.4 +/- 0.5 per cent after deconjugation. No correlation was found between gastric pH and the production of hydrolytic metabolites. The relative amount of these metabolites was maximal (mean 13.4 per cent of the excretion) in the 4-8 h sampling period. During the first 8 h an average of 8.6 per cent of the radioactivity was not recovered by HPLC. The metabolism of digoxin as judged by urinary excretion was limited and showed great variation during the early hours after treatment. The excretion of unchanged digoxin in some individuals constituted as little as 60 per cent over the first 12 h after dosing. PMID- 7139065 TI - The disposition of diphenhydramine and four of its analogues in rabbits and implication for structure-activity relationship studies in drug design. AB - The disposition of diphenhydramine (I) and four of its ring substituted analogues, 4-bromodiphenhydramine (II), 4-methyldiphenhydramine (III), 2 methyldiphenhydramine (IV), and 4-t-butyldiphenhydramine (V), was investigated in the rabbit, during and after intravenous infusion. The concentration of each analogue was determined by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) and the disposition parameters of clearance, volume of distribution, and elimination rate constant determined. These parameters were found to vary within the series, clearance increased in the order I less than IV less than III less than II less than V and volume of distribution in the order III less than 1 less than IV less than V less than II. These changes correlated with the Hansch hydrophobic substituent parameter: for clearance r = 0.97, for volume r = 0.7. The implication of these changes for the design of studies investigating the effects of structure on pharmacological response are discussed. PMID- 7139063 TI - Effect of sustained release on the pharmacokinetic profile of indomethacin in man. AB - The effect of sustained release on the pharmacokinetic profile of indomethacin was examined by comparing to three reference regimens: an intravenous dose, a single 75 mg dose of conventional capsules, and three 25 mg conventional doses given at 4-h intervals. Results indicate that the sustained release test formulation exhibited more prolonged and uniform absorption rate, yielded more sustained plasma levels after ingestion, and showed an overall bioavailability of 0.93 (95 per cent C.I. = 0.82, 1.04) relative to three 25 mg doses of the conventional capsules. PMID- 7139064 TI - Disposition of cyclophosphamide in the rabbit and human cornea. AB - Rabbit (dark irides and albino) and human corneas were excised and mounted in a Lucite chamber in order to determine the permeability of cyclophosphamide-14C and to identify its metabolites. The chromatographic scans obtained from the developed thin-layer plates showed only one peak for either rabbit or human corneas which corresponded to cyclophosphamide. By measuring the permeability of cyclophosphamide across the intact cornea, stroma alone, epithelium/stroma, and stroma/endothelium, it was possible to determine the resistance to penetration for each layer. The epithelium was the rate determining barrier, whereas both the stroma and endothelium offered little resistance. The stroma behaves as an inert sieve with drug diffusing through an aqueous media of gel-like mucopolysaccharide interspersed by a matrix of collagen fibrils. PMID- 7139066 TI - Pharmacokinetics of 14C-DMPS (sodium-1,3 14C-2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulphonate) in beagle dogs. AB - The pharmacokinetics of labelled DMPS (sodium-1,3 14C-2,3-dimercaptopropane-1 sulphonate) have been studied in four beagle dogs following bolus intravenous injection (65.7 mumol kg-1) and oral administration (197 mumol kg-1). Following intravenous injection the main kinetic parameters were t 1/2 = 43 min, V beta = 160 ml kg-1, and plasma clearance Clp = 2.6 ml min-1 kg-1. Following oral administration 14C-DMPS is rapidly absorbed with peak concentrations (478 +/- 25 mumol l-1) measured after 30-45 min. About 60 per cent of the oral dose was absorbed. Estimates of t 1/2, V beta, and Clp after oral administration were in close agreement with the values obtained in the intravenous study. 14C-DMPS is eliminated from the body by the kidneys. About 70 per cent of 14C-DMPS in dog plasma are bound to proteins. Binding is even higher in plasma from rat and man. PMID- 7139067 TI - Comparative bioavailability of S-carboxymethylcysteine from two dosage forms: hard gelatin capsule and syrup. AB - Measurement of plasma concentrations after the oral administration of S carboxymethylcysteine in two different dosage forms, as a hard gelatin capsule and as a syrup, shows its relative bioavailability from the two formulations to be similar. With the exception of the time required to reach peak concentration, which shows a slight variation attributable to the time taken for the drug to be released from the capsule and to dissolve, parameters such as peak concentration, biological half-life and area under the serum-concentration curve whether from t = 0 to t = 8 h or from t = 0 to t = infinity, are not statistically different. The areas under the plasma-concentration curves between t = 0 and t = 8 h and between t = 0 and t = infinity shows that for a confidence limit of 95 per cent, the mean for the capsular form does not differ by more than 3.3-10.3 per cent from the mean for the syrup. PMID- 7139068 TI - Thiazides XIII: Dissolution testing: a bioavailability predictor for benzthiazide tablets. PMID- 7139069 TI - Effect of chronic food restriction on energy balance, thermogenic capacity, and brown-adipose-tissue activity in the rat. AB - Young male rats were fed a pelleted stock diet either ad libitum (control) or in restricted amounts (65% of control intake) for 17 d. Body energy gain and energy expenditure, determined from energy balance measurements, were reduced by 73 and 27% respectively compared to controls. Resting oxygen consumption was similar for both groups during the light phase but was significantly depressed in energy restricted rats at night, and the thermogenic response to noradrenaline was also reduced in these animals. Brown-adipose-tissue mass, protein content, and mitochondrial protein were all decreased in the food-deprived rats, and specific and total depot mitochondrial GDP-binding capacity were 29 and 53% lower than controls. The reduced energy expenditure which occurs during food restriction may be due partly to a lower activity of brown adipose tissue which is associated with a decrease in thermogenic capacity. PMID- 7139070 TI - Modulation of exocytosis of previously pinocytosed fluid by human fibroblasts. AB - A slow phase of linear exocytosis by fibroblasts of previously endocytosed fluid, succeeding the initial burst of release, is described. This is not due to cell lysis, is virtually abolished at 4 degrees C, and is retarded when the lysosomal system is expanded. It may reflect membrane recycling. PMID- 7139072 TI - Papers relating to a meeting on Membrane-Mediated Controls. Hamburg, May 1982. PMID- 7139071 TI - Autofluorescence as an index of ageing in human fibroblasts in culture. AB - An exponential increase in autofluorescence (AF) during serial passaging of human diploid fibroblasts, strain MRC-5, was observed using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Skin fibroblasts from patients with premature-ageing syndromes had high levels of AF, whereas virus-transformed cell lines had negligible amounts of AF. PMID- 7139073 TI - The membrane potential of lymphocytes changes only in response to specific stimulation. AB - We have recently shown [Kiefer H, Blume AJ & Kaback HR (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77, 2200-2204] that depolarization of the lymphocyte membrane constitutes an early event in mitogenic stimulation. We now present evidence that these early changes in membrane potential occur only as a consequence of specific binding of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or concanavalin A (Con A) to cells displaying the correct functional receptors. Spleen cells from LPS low-responder mice (C3H/HeJ) show no depolarization with LPS but only with Con A, while those of the LPS high-responder (C3H/Tif Bom) depolarize upon addition of LPS and Con A. Moreover, in T cells, depleted of I-A-bearing cells, the depolarization produced by a specific stimulus is only reversed by the addition of growth factors, thus indicating that mitogenic activation of lymphocytes is at least a two-signal mechanism. These early events could more recently be correlated with changes in intracellular pH [Gerson DF, Kiefer H & Eufe W (1982) Science 216, 1009-1010; Gerson DF & Kiefer H (1982) J. Cell. Physiol., in press]. PMID- 7139074 TI - The influence of membrane mutations on metastasis. AB - In an effort to assess the effect of surface carbohydrates upon the metastasizing properties of tumor cells, lectin-resistant mouse melanoma cells were selected. Wheat-germ-agglutinin-resistant lines displayed mainly decreased metastasis properties as well as well-defined alterations in surface carbohydrates: in a glycopeptide with four side chains, two of them were missing their terminal sialic acid residues while two fucoses were newly attached to the oligosaccharide. The enzymatic defect could be pinpointed to an over-60-fold increase in fucosyltransferase, while the sialyltransferase did not decrease significantly. Revertants were again selected with lectins and their fucosyltransferase activities returned to normal values again. The metastasizing potential of the revertants was not yet assessed carefully but a return of some of the metastasizing potential was noted. PMID- 7139075 TI - Insensitivity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity to low density lipoprotein in concanavalin-A-resistant Chinese-hamster ovary cells. AB - A concanavalin-A-resistant mutant of Chinese-hamster ovary cells has been shown to have altered cholesterol content and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity compared to wild-type and spontaneous-revertant cell lines. These changes are associated with insensitivity of the mutant reductase activity to suppression by low-density lipoprotein and impaired receptor-mediated binding and uptake of 125I-labelled low-density lipoprotein. PMID- 7139077 TI - Introduction: The use of NMR in clinical medicine. PMID- 7139076 TI - Modulation of phosphate accumulation in isolated chick kidney cells by gluconeogenic substrates. AB - An isolated proximal-tubule preparation is described that accumulates Pi in a saturatable, Na+-dependent manner. The initial rate of Pi accumulation is greater in cells incubated with the gluconeogenic substrates pyruvate and lactate than in cells incubated with glucose. Glucose was produced from the substrates under these conditions. Incubation with either NAD+ or NADH inhibits the initial rate of Pi accumulation. These data provide evidence that the effects of gluconeogenesis on Pi uptake are not mediated by the oxidation state of the nicotinamide coenzymes. PMID- 7139078 TI - Topical magnetic resonance. AB - Topical magnetic resonance (TMR) is a method of obtaining high-resolution NMR spectra from a selected, localized place within a larger object, by modifying the main magnetic field, Bo, using only static magnetic field gradients. TMR is described together with the scope of metabolic information that can be obtained non-invasively from animals and human beings. PMID- 7139079 TI - Three-dimensional nuclear-magnetic-resonance zeugmatographic imaging of surgical specimens. AB - Three-dimensional NMR zeugmatographic images of surgical specimens have been obtained with spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) discrimination. The extent of a primary malignant tumor and its metastasis to lymph nodes can be clearly seen and correlated with microscopic histological studies. 24CA15300 PMID- 7139080 TI - NMR studies of tumours. AB - 31p nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra have been obtained from animal and human tumours grown in laboratory rodents. The tumour cells are only slightly more acid than the surrounding muscle but they tend to have large Pi and sugar phosphate peaks, suggesting anoxia, and large but variable phosphodiester peaks. The results indicate that NMR will be an important tool for studying tumours in the laboratory, and for their diagnosis, assessment, and monitoring in clinical practice. PMID- 7139081 TI - Quantitative analysis of metabolite levels in normal human subjects by 31P topical magnetic resonance. AB - We have shown that 31P topical magnetic resonance can be calibrated to obtain quantitative measurements of metabolite levels and intracellular pH in limb muscles of normal human subjects. In some critical situations, TMR yields more accurate results than those obtained by chemical analysis of tissue biopsies. PMID- 7139082 TI - Hepatic metabolism by 31P NMR. AB - Hepatic metabolism in intact livers has been studied by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. 31P NMR spectroscopy of normal liver detects little ADP and much lower amounts of inorganic phosphate than are found by enzymatic or chemical analysis. Ischaemia of 30 min duration provokes a rapid fall in ATP to undetectable levels; reflow restores the ATP concentration to 70% of its former level. Intracellular pH changes are qualitatively similar. Fructose and glycerol both cause rapid falls in ATP and inorganic phosphate; these original concentrations are almost restored after 30 min in the case of fructose but not with glycerol where they remain depressed. PMID- 7139083 TI - Formation of specific amino acid sequences during carbodiimide-mediated condensation of amino acids in aqueous solution. AB - Carbodiimide-mediated peptide synthesis in aqueous solution at room temperature has been studied with respect to self-ordering of amino acids. Inasmuch as glutamic acid is readily converted into pyroglutamic acid, the peptides formed by copolymerization of glutamic acid with other amino acids are preferentially pyroglutamyl-peptides. Competition experiments were carried out to determine the influence of the amino acid side chains on the reactivity of amino acids and peptides during the dehydration condensation. The results show that the self ordering process is controlled by both the activated carboxyl component (amino acid or growing peptide) and the incoming amino acid. A condensation of pyroglutamic acid, alanine and another amino acid component Xxx (Xxx = Gly, Val, Leu or Gly-Tyr) preferentially yielded the dipeptide pyroGlu-Ala, but the formation of the tripeptide pyroGlu-Ala-Ala became strongly reduced because of competing reactions. A simple explanation for the observed selectivities is not at hand. Polypeptides were so far only obtained when they were allowed to precipitate in the reaction system. Evidence for the non-random copolymerization of larger peptides is presented as well. PMID- 7139084 TI - Aqueous polymerization of L-amino acid active esters in bicarbonate solution via Leuchs' anhydrides. AB - Aqueous polymerization of p-nitrophenyl esters of proteinaceous alpha-amino acids is much more efficient in the presence of sodium hydrogen carbonate than in the presence of sodium hydroxide for a given pH. Evidence is presented for the intermediary formation of Leuchs' anhydride in the presence of bicarbonate anions. The prebiotic significance of such a mechanism favouring the polymerization of proteinaceous alpha-amino acids, i.e. C alpha-mono-substituted amino acid, is discussed. PMID- 7139085 TI - Bootstrapping model of the origin of life. AB - The origin of life is analyzed in terms of the self-facilitating aspect of evolution. According to the self-facilitation (or bootstrap) principle the structure of biological systems becomes increasingly suited to effective evolutionary search through the process of evolution. The principle may be extended to primitive collections of polymers with catalytic properties. The origin of the code may be based on a form of bootstrapping evolution. Once a primitive code appeared it could become more sophisticated through a multi-coding mechanism together with classical Darwinian mechanisms. The bootstrapping principle is also formulated in terms of the fluctuation-instability framework of Prigogine, Nicolis, and Babloyantz. Primitive collections of polymers accumulate evolution-enhancing redundancies which tend to reduce the extent to which they change when destabilized by fluctuation, but which increase the chances that these changes will lead to new predominant regimes. We show that the bootstrapping of evolutionary amenability is accompanied by the accumulation of a thermodynamic load, that is, a free energy cost which reduces the mechanistic efficiency. The bootstrapping effect suggests that the origin of life is most fruitfully approached as a long process during which the capacity to evolve facilitates itself in a step by step fashion rather than as a series of low probability events. PMID- 7139086 TI - The sharing of amino acid short spans by ancestrally unrelated proteins may be the result of ubiquitous alpha and beta secondary structures. AB - Short homologies are often found when genetically unrelated proteins are compared but it is not known whether the rate at which they occur is or not above randomness. Comparing 190 pairs of unrelated proteins enable us to show that the frequency at which pairs of unrelated proteins share little spans of amino acids is compatible with chance. However, it appears that those short homologies are mainly located within protein subregions of identical secondary structure: the frequency at which pairs of unrelated proteins exhibit related spans of amino acids inside subregions of identical secondary structure is far above randomness. Those data suggest that the sharing of related spans of amino acids by genetically unrelated proteins could result from structural constraints imposed by the alpha or beta secondary structures. PMID- 7139087 TI - Structure-function relationship of [2Fe-2S] ferredoxins and design of a model molecule. AB - [2Fe-2S] ferredoxins isolated from various plants and algae comprise 93-99 amino acid residues and resemble each other not only in sequences, but also in physiological functions. One of them isolated from Spirulina platensis was subjected to X-ray analysis and its three dimensional structure is now known. [2Fe-2S] ferredoxins of a different type are found in halobacteria and comprise 128 amino acid residues. Both types of the [2Fe-2S] ferredoxins exhibit low redox potentials. By comparing the amino acid sequences of 28 [2Fe-2S] ferredoxins and the tertiary structure of S. platensis ferredoxin we predicted a common three dimensional structure to the [2Fe-2S] ferredoxins and proposed a molecular surface area to be interacting with FNR. An artificial small molecule composed of 20 amino acid residues is designed on the basis of the tertiary structure of S. platensis ferredoxin. The amino acid sequence was predicted to be Pro-Tyr-Ser-Cys Arg-Ala-Gly-Ala-Cys-Ser-Thr-Cys-Ala-Gyl-Pro-Leu-Leu-Thr Cys-Val which should have a [2Fe-2S] cluster with a low redox potential. PMID- 7139089 TI - Dysmorphology. PMID- 7139088 TI - Computer-assisted sequencing, interval graphs, and molecular evolution. AB - In 1945, Fox developed the strategy for sequencing long proteins by using overlapping fragments. We show how the formal mathematical technique for the construction of interval graphs (Gilmore and Hoffman, 1964) is useful both pedagogically for understanding the underlying logic of sequencing linear molecules and is more amenable to automation because of its algorithmic nature. We also present a computer program, that employs the interval graph algorithm, which can be used to sequence proteins when given digest data. An example is given to illustrate all the steps involved in the algorithmic processing of the data. The need for such developments with respect to molecular evolution is discussed. PMID- 7139090 TI - Hydrops fetalis and genetic disease. PMID- 7139092 TI - Variable expression of a congenital scalp defects/limb malformations syndrome in three generations. PMID- 7139091 TI - New features of thrombocytopenia and absent radius syndrome. PMID- 7139093 TI - Shwachman syndrome: unusual presentation as asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy. PMID- 7139094 TI - A possible lethal variant of metatropic dwarfism. PMID- 7139095 TI - Meckel syndrome: morphologic considerations. PMID- 7139096 TI - New features of the McKusick-Kaufman syndrome. PMID- 7139097 TI - Ocular findings in dyskeratosis congenita. PMID- 7139098 TI - Pigmentary retinopathy, hearing loss, mental retardation, and dysmorphism in sibs: a new syndrome? PMID- 7139099 TI - Cleft lip and palate, congenital heart disease, scoliosis, short stature, and mental retardation: the Pilotto syndrome. PMID- 7139101 TI - The branchioskeletogenital syndrome. PMID- 7139100 TI - Hirschsprung disease in progeny of affected individuals: a case report and review of the literature. PMID- 7139102 TI - Constricted maxilla and mandible, scoliosis, bowed radii, ulnar hypoplasia, acromicria and microcephaly with mental retardation--a new autosomal recessive syndrome? PMID- 7139103 TI - The placenta in familial beckwith-wiedemann syndrome. PMID- 7139104 TI - A distinct dominant form of microtia and conductive hearing loss. PMID- 7139105 TI - Collagen synthesis by Duchenne myogenic clones: pathogenic implications for the disease. PMID- 7139106 TI - Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease with sensorineural hearing loss--an autosomal dominant trait. PMID- 7139109 TI - A possible new short rib syndrome in two sibs. PMID- 7139107 TI - Etiologic heterogeneity in hydranencephaly. PMID- 7139108 TI - Syndrome of psychomotor retardation, bulbous nose, and epilepsy. PMID- 7139110 TI - Elucidation of the cytogenetic abnormality in a 4p- "phenocopy". PMID- 7139111 TI - Case report of mosaic partial tetrasomy 9 mimicking Klinefelter syndrome. PMID- 7139113 TI - The oligosaccharidoses: proposal of a new name and a new classification for the mucolipidoses. PMID- 7139116 TI - Generalized arterial calcification of infancy in twins. PMID- 7139112 TI - 11q-syndrome: review and report of two cases. PMID- 7139114 TI - De novo inverted tandem duplication of the long arm of chromosome 2(q34 leads to q37). PMID- 7139115 TI - Possible examples of the goltz syndrome (focal dermal hypoplasia) without linear areas of skin hypoplasia. PMID- 7139117 TI - Growth in the Prader-Willi syndrome. PMID- 7139118 TI - Changes in phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 10 seconds after stimulation of washed rabbit platelets with ADP. AB - Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) induced aggregation of rabbit platelets, without the release reaction, causes a significant decrease (7%) in the amount of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) at 10 sec and at 60 sec (11%). In platelets prelabeled with 32P-phosphate, this decrease in PIP2 is associated with a decrease in PIP2 radioactivity, which is significant at 50 sec. The decrease in PIP2 is sufficient to mobilize about 0.18 nmole Ca2+/10(9) platelets. In view of the key role played by Ca2+ in ADP-induced platelet shape change and aggregation, this evidence is compatible with the hypothesis that changes in PIP2 can be a source of calcium for cellular responses to agonists. PMID- 7139119 TI - Kinetics of intravenously administered heparin in normal humans. AB - Heparin of five commercially available brands was used to study the disappearance of heparin anticoagulant activity in normal humans. The drug was administered intravenously by bolus injection and by continuous infusion. Heparin anticoagulant activity was determined by two assays: a diluted activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and an assay based on inactivation of bovine factor Xa, using a clotting system. After a bolus injection, the data fitted neither single exponential nor zero-order clearance. In semilogarithmic plots, heparin anticoagulant activity disappeared according to a slightly convex curve almost always preceded by a rapid initial loss of heparin anticoagulant activity. This disappearance profile was observed with all heparin regardless of the brand or assay system. Heparin anticoagulant activity estimated by the APTT disappeared faster than heparin anticoagulant activity estimated by the anti-Xa activity in the first phase. As expected, higher anticoagulant levels with the anti-Xa assay than with the APTT were also found on continuous infusion in normals as well as in patients treated for deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. The experimental data suggested a model based on the combination of a saturable and a linear clearance mechanism. These experimental data provide reliable guidelines for adjustment of the dose of heparin in single patients. PMID- 7139120 TI - Comparison of antibody-dependent cytotoxicity mediated by human polymorphonuclear cells, monocytes, and alveolar macrophages. PMID- 7139121 TI - Normal human pluripotential and committed hematopoietic progenitors do not express the p24 antigen detected by monoclonal antibody BA-2: implications for immunotherapy of lymphocytic leukemia. AB - Analysis of surface antigenic determinants of hematopoietic progenitor cells has relevance both to basic biologic study of cell differentiation and to potential clinical application in the diagnosis and treatment of hematologic neoplasia. The production and characterization of monoclonal antibody BA-2 by immunization with a pre-B-ALL cell line has been reported previously. In this study we utilized complement-dependent cytotoxicity and rosette-separation with antibody indirectly coupled to ox RBC to determine if the antigen (p24) recognized by the antibody BA 2 is represented on human pluripotential (CFU-GEMM) or committed hematopoietic progenitors (CFU-GM, BFU-E, CFU-E). BA-2 showed no reactivity with normal hematopoietic progenitors by either method. In contrast, BA-2 exhibited potent complement-mediated cytotoxicity for selected ALL-derived cell lines. These results show that normal human hematopoietic progenitors do no express antigenic sites represented on ALL cells that are recognized by BA-2 and suggest that this monoclonal antibody may serve as a potent and specific agent for treatment of lymphocytic leukemia, perhaps most useful in ex vivo marrow conditioning for autologous bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 7139122 TI - Adipocyte development and the loss of erythropoietic capacity in the bone marrow of mice after sustained hypertransfusion. AB - In this electron microscopic study, erythropoiesis in mice was completely suppressed by repeated hypertransfusion for up to 6 wk. We describe a sequence of ultrastructural changes in the marrow's stromal cells that accompany the resulting shift from erythropoietic to granulopoietic tissue. These include the destruction of medullary macrophages, the accelerated development of marrow adipocytes and reticular cells, and a reduction in the amount of vascular space in the marrow. The absence of macrophages was highlighted by the complete lack of erythrophagocytosis in the marrows of hypertransfused mice that were injected with the hemolysing agent, phenylhydrazine. The changes in the marrow stroma probably underlie the shift in the marrow's hematopoietic microenvironment. Repeated phlebotomy of mice that had been hypertransfused for 2 wk evoked the appearance of unique stromal cells in the marrow, similar to cells that have been associated with accelerated erythropoiesis. The newly anemic mice were otherwise unable to mount an erythropoietic response to repeated bleeding, showing that the decline in the erythropoietic microenvironment brought on by sustained hypertransfusion was a lasting one. PMID- 7139123 TI - A quantitative method to measure human platelet chemotaxis using indium-111-oxine labeled gel-filtered platelets. AB - Human blood platelets have been shown to migrate directionally and specifically toward collagen in plasma in vitro. We have developed a new system to monitor this behavior using a linear 7-compartment chamber with 111In-oxine-labeled gel filtered platelets. The compartments are separated by various Nuclepore and Millipore filter membranes. Radiolabeled platelets suspended in plasma are placed in the central compartment and the other compartments are filled with platelet free plasma. When collagen is added to an end compartment, platelets migrate toward that end. The degree of this directed movement or chemotaxis can be measured by counting the radioactivity of the contents of each compartment and then comparing the counts from radiolabeled platelets that have moved to the end that holds the chemotactic inducer with those that have randomly migrated to the opposite end, containing only plasma. This assay system allows quantitative comparisons between the chemotaxis-inducing abilities of different substances and permits the study of soluble materials. Experiments to determine the optimal conditions for the procedure are reported, and the advantages of this new method for the investigation of platelet chemotaxis and the identification of chemotaxins are discussed. PMID- 7139124 TI - An alternative extrinsic pathway of human blood coagulation. AB - To study the interrelationships of the major human coagulation pathways, factor X activation in normal and various deficient human plasmas was evaluated when clotting was triggered by dilute rabbit or human thromboplastin. Various dilutions of thromboplastin were added to plasma samples containing 3H-labeled factor X, and the time course of factor X activation was determined. At a 1/250 dilution of rabbit brain thromboplastin the rate of factor X activation in factor VIII or factor IX deficient plasma was only 10% of the activation rate seen for normal or factor XI deficient plasma. Reconstitution of the deficient plasmas with factors VIII or IX, respectively, restored normal factor X activation. Similar results were obtained when various dilutions of human thromboplastin replaced the rabbit thromboplastin. From these experiments, it is inferred that normal activation of factor X in plasma due to dilute thromboplastin requires factors VII, IX and VIII. An alternative extrinsic pathway that involves factors VII, IX, and VIII may be a major physiologic extrinsic pathway, and this pathway may help to explain the clinical observations of bleeding diatheses in patients deficient in factors IX or VIII. PMID- 7139127 TI - Deoxyuridine suppression test in cobalamin deficiency. PMID- 7139125 TI - Prognostic significance of lymphocyte density distribution profiles in adult non Hodgkin lymphomas. AB - Biopsy material from 24 adults with advanced stages of non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) were examined for the distribution profiles of infiltrating cells following centrifugation to equilibrium on linear density gradients. Seven of these biopsies were predominantly composed of cells with high buoyant densities and 9 further biopsies predominantly of cells with intermediate buoyant densities. Both patterns were associated with favorable histologic features and with low proliferation of lymphoma cells. Intensive polychemotherapy was rarely required to achieve long-lasting disease control; in both groups, only 28% of patients died within a minimal observation period of 40 mo. In 8 biopsies, a predominance of light lymphoma cells was observed. This pattern was frequently associated with unfavorable histology and with high spontaneous tumor cell proliferation. Despite intensive polychemotherapy, rapid disease progression occurred in all cases, leading to death in 75% of the patients within a minimal observation period of 40 mo. Surface marker studies excluded the hypothesis that only the variable proportions of normal lymphocytes contaminating the lymphoma suspensions were responsible for the differences in the density distribution patterns described above; they rather suggested that these patterns reflect the individual capacity of a lymphoma to differentiate into dense tumor clones with low spontaneous proliferation. PMID- 7139126 TI - Bone marrow infarction in sickle cell anemia: correlation with hematologic profiles. AB - Bone marrow infarction was investigated by 99mTc-sulfur colloid imaging in 42 patients with sickle cell anemia (SS) over a period of 2 yr. Marrow defects were demonstrated in 28 patients (66.6%), and in 15 (aged 19--52 yr), they were matched by roentgenographic evidence of medullary bone infarction. Repeated images showed no change in the size or site of these defects. Among 13 patients (aged 6--32 yr), all in crisis when initially examined, marrow defects were not associated with roentgenographic changes, and in many cases, repeated images showed resolution or decrease in size of the defects in 3--6 mo, even if the limb had been swollen and the marrow defect large. Among 14 patients (aged 18--36 yr), all asymptomatic at the time of study, no defects were found. Comparison of hematologic variables revealed a higher mean hemoglobin and hematocrit level among those with marrow infarcts (p less than 0.0001). High levels of HbF, or the presence of alpha-thalassemia, did not protect against marrow infarction. Pulmonary fat embolism was not observed. 99mTc-sulfur colloid marrow imaging was considered to provide more useful information in the initial management of bone pain and swelling in sickle cell crisis than either roentgenographs or conventional 99mTc-methyldiphosphate bone images. PMID- 7139128 TI - Monoclonal antibodies against differentiation antigens of myelopoiesis. PMID- 7139129 TI - Promotion of erythropoietic bursts in culture of human bone marrow by blood derived Mononuclear cells. AB - In this report we give evidence that the addition of different amounts of irradiated mononuclear cells (MNC) from normal blood to bone marrow cell cultures containing erythropoietin produces an increase in number and size of erythropoietic bursts proportional to the number of irradiated MNC added. There was no consistent difference in the use either of autologous or of allogeneic MNC as burst-promoting activity source in normal individuals. Plating efficacy studies demonstrated that the number of BFU-E detected had a linear relationship to the number of bone marrow cells plated when 5 X 10(5) blood MNC were present as BPA source. A comparison between different preparations of human leukocyte conditioned media and 5 X 10(5) irradiated MNC, demonstrated that in all experiments irradiated cells stimulated the growth of a higher number of marrow derived BFU-E. Therefore the use of 5 X 10(5) irradiated MNC from normal blood is proposed as standard BPA source in human bone marrow erythropoietic cultures. PMID- 7139131 TI - Improved coagulation factor XIII B (FXIIIB) phenotyping after neuraminidase treatment of plasma and first description of the FXIIIB 2 phenotype. AB - The genetically determined polymorphism of the B subunit of the human coagulation factor XIII (FXIIIB) was investigated by an improved technique of immunofixation agarose gel electrophoresis (IAGE). Employing neuraminidase (CPN) treatment of fivefold-concentrated fresh plasma and monospecific anti-human FXIIIB antiserum an excellent resolution of phenotypes was possible. Six phenotypes, FXIIIB 1,2 1,2,3-1, 3-2 and 3 were detected among 178 unrelated blood donors from Hessen, Germany, the FXIIIB 2 homozygote for the first time. Our findings confirm the 'reduced' two-allele-model of Kera et al. [10]. For the first time the allele frequencies were determined in a European population: FXIIIB*1 = 0.708, FXIIIB*2 = 0.109, FXIIIB3* = 0.183. As in family studies no unexpected phenotypes were observed in the offspring, FXIIIB might become a useful genetic marker in paternity testing, the single exclusion chance for non-fathers being 23.7%. PMID- 7139130 TI - Volatile alkanes produced by erythrocytes: an assay for in vitro studies on lipid peroxidation. AB - Lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes is currently studied by measuring the formation of malonyldialdehyde (MDA). A new and simple methodological approach to the measurement of the extend of lipid peroxidation is described here. Erythrocytes from freshly drawn human blood were washed and suspended in isoosmotic phosphate-buffered saline and incubated with sodium azide to inhibit the catalase. Oxidation of red cell lipids was induced by the addition of hydrogen peroxide. MDA formation was measured by the 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reaction. After the same procedure of incubation the production of volatile alkanes (pentane, ethane, ethylene, n-butane, and propane) was estimated by gas chromatography. The total amount of pentane formation from red cells after 120 min of incubation with hydrogen peroxide was much higher than of the other alkanes. This assay provides a useful model to elucidate the role of lipid peroxidation of erythrocytes and is a simple method to study changes in their membrane lipid in diseases and red cell aging. PMID- 7139132 TI - The inappropriate commitment of the aged. PMID- 7139133 TI - Arson: a diagnostic study. PMID- 7139134 TI - Diagnostic classification of 120 delinquent boys. PMID- 7139135 TI - Exploring diagnostic formulations for violent delinquent adolescents: conceptual considerations. PMID- 7139136 TI - The best interests of the child with a lesbian mother. PMID- 7139137 TI - [Descending artery of the knee]. PMID- 7139139 TI - [Right ventricular malformation. Rare malformation of the heart]. AB - The AA describe a hypoplastic right ventricular chamber of the heart obtained by autopsy and belonging to a man who died of traumatic lesions and paraplegia. This malformation is very rare and the authors attribute to it the small size of the patient who was below the average Portuguese male height. PMID- 7139138 TI - [Binding of cationized ferritin to the surface of the palatine crest in the rat]. AB - Recently, we suggested that the cell coat of the surface epithelial cells of the palatal shelves and especially its sialyl groups are implied in the adhesion process which initiates the constitution of the secondary palate. In this work, use of cationized ferritin which interacts with anionic receptors of the plasma membrane give us the possibility to render these sialic acids visible. After five minutes incubation in presence of cationized ferritin, the labeling particles are distributed in monolayer over the plasmalemma of epithelial cells. Subsequent incubation in cationized ferritin free medium results in clustering of the marker followed by the detachment of the labeled patches. Otherwise, incubation in the presence of neuraminidase from Clostridium perfringens before the polycationic ligand contact prevents labeling. We think that lateral migration modifications of the anionic receptor could be associated with changes of the shelves capacity to adhere. PMID- 7139140 TI - [Sequence of development of cutaneous innervation of the limbs in the human embryo]. AB - From stage 13 onwards, exploratory buds with a characteristic cellular cap may be observed in the limb buds. When the fibres become anchored to the corium, organogenesis is completed, but not maturation. The sequence of the cutaneous innervation of the limbs follows the proximo-distal development of the external forms, with a delay of 1 to 2 stages. The innervation of the upper limb segments usually precede that of the lower limb segments by one stage, moreover the innervation of the dorsal skin occurs slightly later than that of the ventral aspect of the limb. At stage 23, the exploratory buds have finished their progression in the fingers, and nearly so in the toes, but the anchored fibres do not pass the ventral aspect of the distal interphalangeal joints of the fingers, and have barely passed the proximal interphalangeal joints of the toes. PMID- 7139141 TI - [Study of histoenzymologic signs of selective neuronal hyperactivity]. AB - Injection of kainic acid into the cerebellum leads to a neuroexcitatory and neurotoxic effect on neurons connected with cerebellar granule cells. Observation of the activities of dehydrogenases taking part in glucose metabolism and glutamate dehydrogenase shows that Purkinje cells undergo a rapid destruction. Lesions of small stellate cells come later. But the basket cells present a long period of hyperactivity revealed by an increase of dehydrogenase activity. PMID- 7139142 TI - [Vascularization of the pyramidal and pisiform bones]. AB - The medial aspect of the pisiform, the medial and dorsal aspect of the triquetrum are vascularized by the dorsal branch of the ulnar artery. The lateral aspects of the pisiform is vascularized by a pedicle, which arises from the ulnar artery. The deep and sub-capsular arterial system is constant too. Several anastomotic networks strengthen that arterial pattern. The concentration of their links in one trunk may give rise to inconstant arteries. The pisiform can replace the lunarium if it is transplanted with its pedicle, including the dorsal branch of the ulnar artery. PMID- 7139143 TI - [Serous ischial bursa]. AB - The ischial bursa (Bursa ischiatica) lies on the posterior aspect of the tuberosity of the ischium at the level of the origin of the hamstring muscles. Its relations with the inferior fibers of the musculus gluteus maximus vary with the degree of the hip's flexion. Its role in the sitting position explains the specific bursitis when medullar lesions disturb the normal physiology of this posture. PMID- 7139144 TI - [Biometry of the cervical spine using tomodensitometry]. AB - Biometry was performed on the computed tomographical cross-sections of one human cervical spine. The entire spine was removed with the head and neck from a fresh cadaver of an adult man. Horizontal cross-sections were performed with a C.T. scan from the base of the skull to the thoracic level. The measurements concerned the diameters of the vertebrae, spinal canal and spinal cord: the density of the posterior and anterior walls, and of the para-vertebral muscles. Clinical and fundamental applications are underlined. PMID- 7139145 TI - Protectiveness in borderline states: a neglected object-relations paradigm. PMID- 7139146 TI - The psychology of psychopharmacology. PMID- 7139147 TI - Countertransference reactions in the evaluation and treatment of court-ordered patients. PMID- 7139148 TI - Penis envy: from anatomical deficiency to narcissistic disturbance. PMID- 7139149 TI - The androgynous vision: a critical examination. PMID- 7139150 TI - Paranoid schizophrenia and homosexuality: a case study. PMID- 7139151 TI - Transference and countertransference in group therapy with Vietnam veterans. PMID- 7139152 TI - Outpatient psychotherapy in conjunction with a home care nurse. PMID- 7139153 TI - Mental health disciplines in conflict: the patient pays the price. PMID- 7139154 TI - Don't just do something, stand there: the role of action and will in psychotherapy. PMID- 7139155 TI - Steroids in neurology. PMID- 7139156 TI - Steroids in respiratory disease. PMID- 7139157 TI - Postgraduate diplomas: MRCP, part II. PMID- 7139158 TI - Investigation of the jaundiced patient. PMID- 7139159 TI - Social management of schizophrenia. PMID- 7139160 TI - Planning for retirement. PMID- 7139161 TI - Fractures: introduction and general principles. PMID- 7139162 TI - Dissection of the aorta. PMID- 7139163 TI - The management of head injuries. PMID- 7139165 TI - Tuberculous meningitis. PMID- 7139164 TI - The management of bacterial infections in haematological patients. PMID- 7139166 TI - Pharyngeal reconstruction using the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap. PMID- 7139167 TI - The use of the latissimus dorsi island flap for intra-oral reconstruction. PMID- 7139168 TI - The use of myocutaneous flaps in block dissections of the groin in cases with gross skin involvement. AB - Various myocutaneous flaps (upper sartorius, upper gracilis and lower rectus abdominis) have been used in a series of 17 block dissections of the groin with gross skin involvement. Only one of these flaps developed appreciable necrosis. The sartorius flap is restricted in its application for anatomical reasons. The rectus abdominis flap can only be used from the opposite side in unilateral cases, though it does appear to be the most dependable flap. The gracilis flap appears to be the most suitable for the majority of the patients who usually present with bilateral involvement of the lymph nodes and skin. PMID- 7139169 TI - The forearm angiotomes. AB - The historical background of the literature on the cutaneous vascular territories of the forearm is reviewed. Further study of these territories has been undertaken using established anatomical techniques. Our findings differ from previous descriptions. The relevance of these findings is fundamental to the raising of fascio-cutaneous flaps. A previously undescribed fascio-cutaneous flap is postulated. PMID- 7139170 TI - Fasciocutaneous flaps in the axillary region. PMID- 7139171 TI - A gastrocnemius tenocutaneous island flap. PMID- 7139172 TI - Immediate reconstruction of the breast following modified radical mastectomy for carcinoma. PMID- 7139173 TI - Experience with 250 cases of subcutaneous mastectomy. AB - Subcutaneous mastectomy is a recognised form of curative treatment in cases of carcinoma lobulare in situ and of any atypical proliferative mastopathy. Moreover a subcutaneous mastectomy should be recommended for these patients when multiple biopsies have been performed and long-term mammographic supervision is no longer possible. By using all the existing skin and subcutaneous tissue a good aesthetic result can be achieved and prostheses should only be used in cases where the existing tissues cannot provide an adequate breast reconstruction. The operative technique developed by Schrudde is described and the results of 250 cases are presented. PMID- 7139174 TI - Malignant melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma in a burn scar. PMID- 7139175 TI - Interfascicular autologous grafts in the repair of peripheral nerves: eight years experience. PMID- 7139176 TI - Our experience with Freilinger's method for dynamic correction of facial paralysis. AB - Eight patients with unilateral facial paralysis of differing aetiology and duration were treated according to Freilinger's method, which includes cross-face nerve grafting and six to eight months later, transposition of a denervated (temporal) muscle flap to the nasolabial area. The end of the cross-face nerve graft is inserted into the muscle flap. Our experience and results with this technique are discussed. It is clear that the combination of cross-face nerve grafting and transposition of a denervated muscle flap is a valid principle. However, a muscle with a greater excursion and one that is easier to denervate is to be preferred to the temporal muscle. PMID- 7139177 TI - Trilobed flap in facial reconstruction. PMID- 7139178 TI - Reconstruction with the use of a sheath of fine stainless steel wire mesh. AB - This paper describes the use of stainless steel wire mesh as the basic material in fabricating a sheath to be inserted as a surgical implant. This sheath can be moulded into various shapes and sizes by hand at the time of operation. It has been used for reconstruction in various areas. It is inexpensive and its range of application appears to be considerable. It has been used to date in 16 patients and two cases have now been followed up for over one year. PMID- 7139179 TI - Tricalciumphosphate as an implant material: preliminary report. PMID- 7139180 TI - Micro-arteriography in experimental surgery: an improved method. PMID- 7139181 TI - Human dermal collagen allografts: a three year histological study. AB - A three year study of the histological appearances of glutaraldehyde treated human fibrous dermal collagen allografts is reported. There was no immune or inflammatory response and no fibrous capsule was noted. The implants were colonised by host fibroblasts and blood vessels. No collagen resorption was observed. This type of preparation may offer an alternative to autogenous dermis grafts, with the advantages that it is both cell free and does not cause donor site scarring. PMID- 7139182 TI - An axial-pattern flap based on the arterialised venous network: an experimental study in rats. PMID- 7139183 TI - The effects of paraoxon on blood pressure in the anaesthetized and in the conscious rat. AB - 1 Intravenous administration of paraoxon (150-825 mug/kg) to anaesthetized rats induced long-lasting, dose-dependent pressor effects. Only after injection of 825 mug/kg paraoxon was the pressor response followed by a depressor effect and a bradycardia that could be blocked by N-methylatropine. Intracerebroventricular injection of paraoxon into anaesthetized rats also induced pressor effects.2 In order to elucidate the mechanism of the pressor action rats were given dexetimide, N-methylatropine, mecamylamine, phentolamine, prazosin, yohimbine, atenolol and metoprolol. If treatment with these drugs resulted in a low initial blood pressure, vasopressin was infused to elevate blood pressure to normal levels. The influence of adrenalectomy, pretreatment with reserpine and midcollicular transection was also examined.3 The pressor effect of paraoxon was not influenced by N-methylatropine or mecamylamine. However, a combination of these drugs as well as dexetimide, phentolamine or prazosin combined with yohimbine, reduced or prevented the pressor effect.4 In conscious rats the effects of paraoxon and the action of antimuscarinic drugs upon the pressor response were similar to those observed in anaesthetized animals.5 Acetylcholinesterase activities were measured in various brain regions and in whole blood. Paraoxon concentrations within the CNS were also measured.6 It is concluded that the pressor effect of paraoxon in anaesthetized and conscious rats is mediated by a central mechanism, although a contribution of peripheral acetylcholinesterase inhibition in sympathetic ganglia to this pressor effect cannot be ruled out. PMID- 7139184 TI - The pressor effects of paraoxon in the pithed rat. AB - 1 In pithed rats paraoxon 825 microgram/kg induced a short-lasting pressor effect. Lower doses of the drug were ineffective. 2 The pressor effect was prevented by N-methylatropine, dexetimide and alpha-receptor blocking agents but not by mecamylamine. 3 When blood pressure of pithed rats was elevated either by the continuous infusion of vasopressin or by electrical stimulation of the pithing rod, both 275 and 825 microgram/kg paraoxon induced further pressor effects. The effectiveness of various receptor blocking agents was similar to that observed in pithed rats without vasopressin. 4 It is concluded that the pressor effect of paraoxon is mediated by ganglionic muscarinic receptors. Stimulation of these receptors by accumulated acetylcholine results in an increase in postganglionic sympathetic activity and causes pressor effects. 5 The peripheral action of paraoxon is compared with its action in intact anaesthetized animals. PMID- 7139185 TI - Peripheral toxicity of hemicholinium-3 in mice. AB - 1 The site (i.e. peripheral or central) of the toxicity produced by hemicholinium 3 in mice was investigated. 2 Hemicholinium-3 was measured fluorometrically and acetylcholine was determined by gas chromatography after intraventricular or intraperitoneal administration of hemicholinium-3. 3 Hemicholinium-3 was not detected in the brain nor were acetylcholine levels decreased in the brain after systemic administration. 4 The dose-response curve following intraventricular administration demonstrated that hemicholinium-3 was not as lethal after central administration as it was after peripheral administration. 5 Approximately 24% of a 75 microgram intraventricular dose of hemicholinium-3 was found in the periphery at death. 6 These results suggest that hemicholinium-3 manifests its toxicity primarily in the periphery. PMID- 7139186 TI - Pulmonary inactivation of 5-hydroxytryptamine is decreased during cigarette smoke ventilation of rat isolated lungs. AB - 1 The effect of cigarette smoke ventilation on the inactivation of [14C]-5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was studied in isolated perfused lungs of the rat. 2 [14C]-5-HT 9.6 nmol was infused into the pulmonary circulation of rat lungs in 3 min. The nonrecirculating perfusion effluent was collected during the 5-HT infusion in three consecutive 1 min fractions. The amount of metabolites of 5-HT was determined from the perfusion effluent and from the perfused lungs. 3 The amount of metabolites of 5-HT in the perfused lungs was also decreased by cigarette smoke ventilation, although the total amount of radioactivity in the lung tissue was not significantly changed. 5 The decreased pulmonary inactivation of 5-HT may cause increased circulating levels of 5-HT, which would explain some cardiovascular changes during smoking. PMID- 7139188 TI - Electrophysiological effects of piperazine and diethylcarbamazine on Ascaris suum somatic muscle. AB - 1 Electrophysiological recordings were made from the bag region of Ascaris suum muscle. Membrane potential and input conductance or membrane current under voltage clamp were measured. 2 In high-Cl- Ringer, bath-applied piperazine, at concentrations greater than 10(-4)M, produced a dose-dependent and reversible increase in input conductance associated with a hyperpolarizing potential. The increase in input conductance was reduced when the preparations were bathed in low-Cl- Ringer. Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and piperazine reversal potentials were measured with a voltage clamp on the same cells using iontophoretic application of the agonists. The reversal potentials were the same and close to the predicted Nernst Cl- potential (-65 mV). When GABA and piperazine were applied simultaneously piperazine reversibly reduced the amplitude of the control outward GABA current response. It was concluded that piperazine acts as a GABA agonist of low potency on the extra-synaptic GABA receptors of the bag, mediating an increase in Cl- conductance. 3 Acetylcholine was applied iontophoretically within 100 micron of the bag region while the preparation was bathed in a low Ca2+, low-Cl- Ringer. The response under voltage clamp was a dose-dependent inward current associated with an increase in input conductance. This response was reversibly antagonized by 3 X 10(-5)M tubocurarine, high concentrations of diethylcarbamazine (10(-3) to 10(-2)M) but not high concentrations of piperazine (10(-3) to 10(-2)M). It was concluded that there are extra-synaptic acetylcholine receptors on the bag region of Ascaris muscle and that diethylcarbamazine but not piperazine acts as an antagonist. 4 Bath-applied diethylcarbamazine (10(-4) to 2 X 10(-3)M) produced a reversible dose-dependent depolarization of the membrane potential which was associated with an increase in the amplitude and frequency of spontaneous depolarizing potentials in active preparations at 32 degrees C to 35 degrees C in high-Cl- Ringer. The excitatory action of diethylcarbamazine was not blocked by 3 X 10(-5)M tubocurarine. Diethylcarbamazine (10(-4) to 10(-3)M) had no effect on the outward current response to GABA iontophoresis. Diethylcarbamazine (10(-4) to 10(-2)M) reversibly antagonized in a dose-dependent manner the delayed rectification of the bag membrane. In a low-Ca2+, low-Cl- Ringer, diethylcarbamazine (10(-4) to 2 X 10(-3)M) reversibly antagonized the voltage-sensitive outward current of the bag. This effect was mimicked by high-K+ Ringer or perfusion with 4-aminopyridine (10(-3) to 2 X 10(-3)M). It was concluded that diethylcarbamazine did not react with the GABA receptor but antagonized a voltage-sensitive K+ conductance. PMID- 7139189 TI - Electrophysiological effects of the salicylates on isolated atrial muscle of the rabbit. AB - 1 Intracellular recordings were made from cells of the sinoatrial (S-A) node region and from atrial muscle fibres of rabbit hearts. The effects of sodium salicylate and 5-bromo salicylate on various parameters of the membrane action potential were studied.2 5-Bromo salicylate (30-100 muM) and sodium salicylate (300-500 muM) caused a dose-dependent decrease in the frequency of discharge of the SA node cells. Applications of atropine (2.6 muM) with propranolol (3.3 muM) did not affect the negative chronotropic effect, whereas adrenaline (5 muM) reversed it.3 Depolarization and shortening of the action potential duration were found in atrial muscle fibres after the application of 5-bromo salicylate (60-100 muM). The reduction of the action potential duration (APD) was not affected by atropine (2.6 muM).4 Higher concentrations of 5-bromo salicylate (> 100 muM) also caused a dose-dependent reduction in the action potential amplitude (APA), in the overshoot (OS) of the action potential and in the maximum rate of rise of the action potential (V(max)). All these effects were completely reversed on washing.5 Substitution of the NaCl of the bathing Tyrode solution by an equimolar concentration of Na isethionate did not affect the plateau depression induced by the salicylates in atrial muscle fibres.6 After increasing the K concentration to 27 mM in the presence of isoprenaline (1 muM), ;slow responses' were obtained upon stimulation. 5-Bromo salicylate (20-60 muM) and sodium salicylate (100 muM) decreased reversibly the amplitude and the rate of rise of the ;slow response'.7 A four fold increase in Ca concentration of the standard Tyrode solution did not antagonize the plateau depression of atrial muscle fibres or the negative chronotropism induced by salicylates.8 Addition of CsCl (10 mM) to the Tyrode solution did not affect the shortening of the APD induced by the salicylates in atrial muscle fibres.9 When the K concentration in the Tyrode solution was increased from 2.7 mM to 5.4 mM, the effects of 5-bromo salicylate on the APA, OS and V(max) were potentiated. However, a significant reduction in the shortening of the APD produced by the salicylate was observed.10 It is suggested that the salicylates possibly depress the slow inward current in both S-A node cells and atrial muscle fibres of the rabbit heart. In atrial muscle fibres, a concomitant increase in the outward potassium current is probably involved. PMID- 7139187 TI - Modulation of bronchoconstrictor responses to histamine in pithed guinea-pigs by sympathetic nerve stimulation. AB - 1 Electrical stimulation (40V, 0.5-8 Hz, pulse width 0.5 ms) of the thoracic spinal outflow for between 10 and 120 s inhibited histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in pithed guinea-pigs. 2 The degree of this bronchodilatation varied with the position of the stimulating electrode within the spinal canal. Two maxima were identified. The first, at the level of the 9th and 10th thoracic vertebrae, was abolished by adrenalectomy. The second, at the level of the 3rd and 4th thoracic vertebrae, was associated with tachycardia and was unchanged by adrenalectomy. 3 The magnitude of this second bronchodilator effect varied with the frequency of stimulation. It was abolished by pretreatment with reserpine (5 mg/kg i.p. 48 and 24 h beforehand) and was competitively blocked by propranolol (0.01-1.0 mg/kg). 4 These observations are consistent with the view that bronchodilator tone is derived from neuronally-released noradrenaline within the lung. The noradrenaline probably overflows from well-innervated vasculature adjacent to sparsely innervated airways. PMID- 7139190 TI - Influence of chloralose and pentobarbitone sodium on atrioventricular conduction in dogs. AB - 1 Atrial pacing at progressively increasing frequencies was performed on unanaesthetized dogs through electrodes placed aseptically in the wall of the right atrium and exteriorized in the neck region. 2 Heart rate and two atrioventricular conduction (AVC) parameters, namely the Wenckebach Point (one or two systole block at the end of expiration)- and the maximum atrioventricular conduction frequency (the frequency of pacing for which ventricles do not follow any auricular stimulation) were measured by electrocardiography. 3 Chloralose (0.08 g/kg i.v.) did not affect either heart rate or AVC but significantly reduced the effect of atropine (0.1 mg/kg i.v.) on all three parameters measured. The effect of isoprenaline (0.25 microgram kg-1min-1) remained unchanged. 4 Pentobarbitone Na (25 mg/kg i.v.) increased heart rate and usually caused the Wenckebach Point to disappear. It reduced the effects of atropine but did not modify those of isoprenaline. 5 In view of these results we suggest that pentobarbitone Na be avoided as an anaesthetic agent in AVC studies. It is possible to dispense with an anaesthetic agent if the technique described here is used. PMID- 7139191 TI - Competitive inhibition by adenosine 5'-triphosphate of the actions on human platelets of 2-chloroadenosine 5'-diphosphate, 2-azidoadenosine 5'-diphosphate and 2-methylthioadenosine 5'-diphosphate. AB - 1 Adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) induces human platelet aggregation and noncompetitively inhibits stimulated human platelet adenylate cyclase; these two effects are mediated by the same ADP receptor, at which adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) is a competitive antagonist. 2 Two ADP analogues, 2-azidoadenosine 5' diphosphate (2-azido-ADP) and 2-methylthioadenosine 5'-diphosphate (2-methylthio ADP) have been reported to be more potent as inhibitors of adenylate cyclase than they are as aggregating agents, but no evidence has been presented that these actions are mediated solely by the ADP receptor. 3 We therefore tested the ability of ATP to inhibit the actions of these compounds and of another ADP analogue, 2-chloroadenosine 5'-diphosphate (2-chloro-ADP). 4 2-Chloro-ADP, 2 azido-ADP and 2-methylthio-ADP each induced aggregation and inhibited stimulated adenylate cyclase. Both of these actions were competitively inhibited by ATP (50 microM) with pA2 values similar to those previously found for inhibition by ATP of these effects of ADP. 5 The reported greater potency of 2-azido-ADP and of 2 methylthio-ADP as inhibitors of adenylate cyclase than as aggregating agents is therefore due only to their greater efficacy for this effect, not to some extra actions elsewhere. PMID- 7139192 TI - Selective (+)-amphetamine neurotoxicity on striatal dopamine nerve terminals in the mouse. AB - 1 Infusion of large doses of (+)-amphetamine continuously for 7 days by means of osmotic minipumps caused a long-lasting reduction of endogenous dopamine levels, dopamine nerve terminals demonstrated histochemically and [3H]-noradrenaline uptake in vitro in the striatum of mice. 2 The effect was dose-dependent, fully developed after 4 days and selective for striatal dopamine up to a dose of (+) amphetamine of 25 microgram/h. Higher doses, which produced increased mortality, also affected dopamine levels in the olfactory tubercle as well as noradrenaline in several regions. 3 Fluorescence histochemical studies using the Falck-Hillarp technique disclosed catecholamine accumulations in the striatum after (+) amphetamine; a sign of neurotoxic damage. No effects on the dopamine cell bodies were noted. There were also no indications of neurotoxic damage to noradrenaline or 5-hydroxytryptamine neurones induced by (+)-amphetamine. 4 Large doses of (-) amphetamine were without effect, demonstrating that the long-lasting impairment of transmitter uptake-storage mechanism in striatal dopamine nerve terminals is selective for (+)-amphetamine. 5 There was a slow gradual recovery of endogenous dopamine and [3H]-noradrenaline uptake in the striatum with time, which was almost complete 6 months after the (+)-amphetamine administration. 6 The results give further evidence for the view that (+)-amphetamine in large doses can have a selective neurotoxic action on a vulnerable population of a dopamine nerve terminals in the striatum. The results suggest in addition that there is a slow regrowth and regeneration with time of damaged dopamine nerve terminals. PMID- 7139193 TI - The effect of leukotriene C4 on mucin release into the cat trachea in vivo and in vitro. AB - We have tested the effect of leukotriene C4 (LTC4, 6 X 10(-8) to 6 X 10(-5) M) on the output of radiolabelled mucins from the trachea of the anaesthetized cat. Doses between 6 X 10(-7) M and 6 X 10(-5) M stimulated mucin release. FPL 55712 (9.5 X 10(-6) M) partially antagonized the effect of the highest dose of LTC4. Tests of LTC4 (6 X 10(-8) to 6 X 10(-6) M) on cat trachea in vitro failed to show any effect on mucin secretion. We conclude that leukotrienes may be one of the mediators of mucus secretion into the inflamed airway. PMID- 7139195 TI - The kinetics of uptake of 5-fluorouracil by rat liver. AB - 1 Slices of rat liver weighing 15-30 mg were incubated at 37 degrees C in 5 fluorourecil (5-FU) solution. 2 The 5-FU taken up was measured by high pressure liquid chromatography. 3 Uptake of 5-FU was found to approximate to Michaelis Menton kinetics with the values of Kt and Vmax equal to 15.39 mmol 1-1 and 1.96 mumol g-1 min-1 respectively. 4 Transport of 5-FU was saturable with the uptake being much greater in the non-fasting rats. 5 Intracellular concentration of 5-FU after 24 min incubation approached but did not significantly exceed that in the extracellular fluid. 6 Enzymatic destruction of 5-FU at 2 min was negligible but substantial after a long incubation period. 7 2,4-Dinitrophenol was found to inhibit transport of 5-FU significantly. 8 Results suggested that the mechanism of uptake of 5-FU by rat liver is an energy requiring process. PMID- 7139194 TI - Fast desensitization of the nicotinic receptor at the mouse neuromuscular junction. AB - 1 When low concentrations of carbachol (2-20 muM) were applied by local superfusion to mouse diaphragm endplates, there occurred a rapid decrease (within seconds) in the height of miniature endplate currents (m.e.p.cs) in addition to the increase of muscle membrane conductance.2 With 2, 5, 10 and 20 muM carbachol, m.e.p.c. heights were diminished by 5, 10, 30 and 50% respectively. A subsequent slow decrease in height took place at a rate corresponding to that reported for the slow desensitization produced by bath-applied carbachol (see Adams, 1975).3 The effect of carbachol on m.e.p.c. height was not affected by poisoning of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). After poisoning of AChE, 4 muM acetylcholine (ACh) depressed m.e.p.c. height by 23%.4 At 20 muM carbachol, both the onset and offset of the effect on m.e.p.c. height lagged behind the subsynaptic conductance change, and the calculated change of subsynaptic agonist concentration, by about 3 s; the onset rate was at least ten times faster than expected for slow desensitization.5 When the conductance responses produced by carbachol were corrected for fast desensitization, the slope of the log-response log-dose line (Hill coefficient) was increased from 1.7 to 2.0.6 The Hill coefficient for fast desensitization was 1.4. The data were compatible with a cyclic model for fast desensitization, with receptor activation not a prerequisite for desensitization of receptors.7 The failure of AChE poisoning to affect m.e.p.c. height during desensitization suggests that desensitized receptor associated with exogenous agonist can continue to bind quantal ACh. PMID- 7139197 TI - Effect of muscarine on release of catecholamines from the perfused adrenal gland of the cat. AB - 1 The secretory effect of muscarine was studied in the perfused adrenal gland of the cat. During perfusion of the adrenal gland with Krebs-bicarbonate solution containing muscarine 480 microM, the rate of catecholamine (CA) secretion was 2.02 +/- 0.43 micrograms/2 min in the first 2 min; thereafter, CA output declined only moderately, to reach about 70% of the initial value after 10 min. Secretory responses to brief infusions of muscarine remained reproducible for at least the first 3 infusions. 2 When the adrenal gland was perfused with muscarine (480 microM), infusions of high K+, nicotine, or veratridine produced their usual responses. A 100 fold lower dose of muscarine also failed to modify these responses. 3 During perfusion with high K+, muscarine evoked a secretory response that was only slightly smaller than the response to muscarine alone. 4 It is concluded that muscarine and nicotine activate CA secretion in the cat adrenal gland by independent mechanisms and that the muscarinic response, unlike the nicotinic response, is not readily desensitized. PMID- 7139198 TI - Effects of methionyl-tyrosyl-lysine on neurones in the rat central nervous system. AB - 1 The effects of microiontophoretically applied methionyl-tyrosyl-lysine (Met-Tyr Lys) were studied on single neurones in several brain regions of rats anaesthetized with urethane. 2 Met-Tyr-Lys inhibited 13.5%-25% of neurones in the spinal cord, cerebellar cortex, thalamus and hippocampal formation. No significant inhibitory effects were seen in the cerebral cortex. 3 Additionally, Met-Tyr-Lys excited some cells in the Purkinje cell body layer of the cerebellar cortex (11%) and in the pyramidal cell body layer of the hippocampus and granule cell body layer of the dentate gyrus within the hippocampal formation (17.5%). 4 Both excitatory and inhibitory effects of Met-Tyr-Lys were dose-dependent, of similar rapid time course and were observed both on spontaneously active cells and cells induced to fire by continuous iontophoretic application of DL homocysteic acid. 5 The possibility that Met-Tyr-Lys might be a novel inhibitory neurotransmitter in both spinal and supraspinal regions of the mammalian CNS is discussed. PMID- 7139196 TI - Effects of enkephalins and morphine on spontaneous electrical activity and on junction potentials elicited by parasympathetic nerve stimulation in cat and rabbit colon. AB - 1 The effects of Leu-enkephalin, Met-enkephalin and morphine on excitatory junction potentials (e.j.ps) and inhibitory junction potentials (i.j.ps) elicited by stimulation of efferent parasympathetic nerves were studied in cats and rabbits, anaesthetized and in vitro.2 Enkephalins (0.008 mg/kg in vivo and 10( 6)M in vitro) enhanced e.j.p. amplitude in rabbit proximal colon and decreased it in rabbit distal colon and in cat colon. Enkephalins decreased i.j.p. amplitude in all the three models.3 Morphine (0.2 mg/kg in vivo and 10(-6)M in vitro) had the same effects as enkephalins on e.j.ps. In contrast, morphine decreased i.j.p. amplitude in rabbit proximal and distal colon and increased it in cat colon.4 Enkephalins and morphine induced (especially in the cat) spike activity which was potentiated by atropine (0.1 mg/kg in vivo or 10(-6)M in vitro).5 All the effects of enkephalins and morphine were antagonized by naloxone (0.2 mg/kg in vivo or 10(-6)M in vitro).6 These results suggest that the facilitatory effects of enkephalins and morphine on e.j.ps of rabbit proximal colon are due to the absence of opiate receptors on the excitatory nerve pathway and to a removal of inhibition by blockade of the non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic inhibitory pathway. Enkephalinergic intramural neurones may modulate the activation of either excitatory or inhibitory pathways in intramural reflexes. PMID- 7139199 TI - Dissimilar influences of some injectable anaesthetics on the responses of reticulo-spinal neurones to inhibitory transmitters in the lamprey. AB - 1 Intracellular recordings were made from identified bulbar reticulo-spinal neurones in the medulla of lamprey ammocoetes. Responses to iontophoretically applied inhibitory transmitters were measured as changes in membrane potential and input resistance. 2 Dose-dependent alterations in the responses to gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine during bath application of injectable anaesthetic drugs were measured; the compounds used were pentobarbitone, ketamine, metomidate and the steroid mixture alphaxalone/alphadolone (Saffan). 3 GABA responses were potentiated by pentobarbitone (1-3 X 10(-4) M) and prolonged by ketamine (3.7 X 10(-5) M); but depressed by high concentrations (10(-3) M) of all drugs, as well as by anaesthetic concentrations of alphaxalone (1-3 X 10(-5) M). 4 Glycine responses were depressed by alphaxalone (1-3 X 10(-5) M) and by supra-anaesthetic concentrations of ketamine (3.7 X 10(-4) M) and metomidate (1.8 X 10(-3) M). No drug potentiated the glycine responses. 5 In the absence of an effect common to the 4 anaesthetics, it is concluded that neither potentiation nor inhibition of all GABA or glycine responses is an essential feature of anaesthesia. However, effects comparable to those described here may contribute to the overall clinical picture during anaesthesia of higher vertebrates. The findings do not support the notion that all anaesthetic agents act on biological membranes by a single mechanism. PMID- 7139201 TI - Voltage- and time-dependent depression of maximum rate of depolarization of guinea-pig ventricular action potentials by two steroidal antiarrhythmic drugs, CCI 22277 and ORG 6001. AB - 1 The voltage- and time-dependence of the depression of the maximum rate of depolarization (Vmax) by two steroidal anti-arrhythmic drugs, CCI22277 and Org 6001 were studied in guinea-pig ventricle. 2 At normal resting potentials CCI22277 (2 microM and 4 microM) produced very little depression of Vmax at very low driving rates (resting block) but trains of stimuli at interstimulus intervals (ISI) of less than 10,000 ms led to an exponential decline in Vmax to a new plateau over 100-200 beats. 3 This 'rate-dependent block' (RDB) increased with rate over the range ISI=4800 to ISI=200 ms. 4 Org 6001 30 microM and 60 microM produced a similar degree of RDB over the same range of frequencies but the new plateau level of Vmax was reached much more rapidly (20-30 beats) and there was a moderate degree of depression of Vmax in the resting tissue. 5 Recovery from RDB in the presence of both drugs was an exponential process with time constants (tau re) of 80.4 +/- 7.4 s for CCI22277 and 4.6 +/- 0.5 s for Org 6001. 6 Both drugs shifted the steady-state inactivation curve, relating Vmax to resting membrane potential, in the hyperpolarizing direction, implying selective depression of depolarized cells. PMID- 7139200 TI - The effects of amfonelic acid and some other central stimulants on mouse striatal tyramine, dopamine and homovanillic acid. AB - 1 The concentrations of p- and m-tyramine, dopamine and homovanillic acid were measured in the mouse striatum following the subcutaneous administration of amfonelic acid, (+)-amphetamine or nomifensine.2 The administration of 2.5-25 mg/kg of amfonelic acid produced a reduction in p-tyramine that lasted at least 8 h. m-Tyramine was significantly increased and this was observed between 2 and 24 h after drug treatment. The levels of homovanillic acid were increased within 4 h after amfonelic acid administration.3 (+)-Amphetamine treatment (5 mg/kg) produced a reduction in p-tyramine observed up to 4 h after its administration and no significant changes in m-tyramine.4 The administration of 10 mg/kg of nomifensine produced no significant changes in p-tyramine, m-tyramine or homovanillic acid. By increasing the dose to 20 mg/kg, nomifensine produced an increase in p-tyramine and homovanillic acid.5 The present results support the view that amfonelic acid and (+)-amphetamine would respectively release granular or newly synthesized dopamine, both actions being accompanied by an increase in tyrosine hydroxylase activity and dopamine turnover which in turn reduces p tyramine but produces no change or an increase in m-tyramine.6 The effects of nomifensine were observed after the administration of a relatively high dose (20 mg/kg), that was lethal to some mice (about 20%, at 2 h), and more likely to posses unspecific actions. PMID- 7139202 TI - The actions of some esters of 4-hydroxyquinuclidine on guinea-pig ileum, atria and rat fundus strip. AB - 1 The acetyl, phenylacetyl, and diphenylacetyl esters of 4-hydroxyquinuclidine and their methiodides have been prepared.2 4-Diphenylacetoxyquinuclidine methiodide has higher affinity for muscarinic receptors than 4-diphenylacetoxy-N methylpiperidine methiodide (4-DAMP methiodide) but it is less selective. At 30 degrees C its affinity for receptors in ileum is about 5 times that for receptors in atria, a difference similar to that found with diphenylacetoxytrophine methiodide. With 4-DAMP methiodide affinity for receptors in the ileum is over 10 times that for receptors in atria.3 4-Diphenylacetoxyquinuclidine methiodide has higher affinity for muscarinic receptors than 3-diphenylacetoxyquinuclidine hydrochloride or its methiodide.4 4-Acetoxyquinuclidine hydrochloride has less than one-hundredth of the activity of 3-acetoxyquinuclidine hydrochloride (acecyclidine) on guinea-pig ileum, atria, and rat fundus: however, 4 acetoxyquinuclidine methiodide is consistently more active than its 3-isomer, though it is only about 1/25 times as active as acecyclidine.5 4 Acetoxyquinuclidine hydrochloride is only a poor substrate for electric eel acetylcholinesterase: its affinity is similar to that of acecyclidine but it is greatly reduced by methylation.6 The relations between the structure and activity of the agonists are very different from the relations between the structure and affinity of the antagonists, which supports the view that agonists and antagonists bind to different conformations of the muscarinic receptor. PMID- 7139203 TI - Scull's dilemma. PMID- 7139206 TI - Social networks, attachments and support in minor affective disorders: a replication. AB - Significant deficiencies in personal social networks and social support in non psychotic psychiatric out-patients have been reported by Henderson ad his colleagues. In a replication study, 50 non-psychotic psychiatric out-patients were compared with 50 matched controls. Patients reported spending less time in social interaction, but more time in unpleasant interaction during the previous week; they also had fewer attachment figures, close relatives and good friends and fewer social contacts than controls. However, the separate analysis of Neurotic and Retarded depressives (using the Present State Examination) failed to replicate all these findings in the Retarded depressives. It is concluded that these associations are confirmed in neurotic patients, but that the more severe depressive disorders require further investigation. PMID- 7139204 TI - Parental representations of hypochondriacal patients from a psychiatric hospital. AB - This study investigated parental bonding patterns of hypochondriacal patients using the Parental Bonding Instrument. Hypochondriacal patients and a matched control group were drawn from in and out-patients of a psychiatric hospital. Maternal over-protection was found much more frequently (P less than .005) in the hypochondriacal group than in the control group. This offers support for previous clinical observations on hypochondriacal patients. The implications of this and other findings of the study are discussed. PMID- 7139205 TI - The response of endogenously and reactivity depressed patients to electroconvulsive therapy. AB - Patients diagnosed as reactively or endogenously depressed were given electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). The endogenously depressed patients tended to respond to the treatment more quickly and favourably. Measures of age and severity of depression were as predictive as the classification into endogenous or reactive depression using the Newcastle rating scale. The degree of psychological stress ascertained and presumed to be operating did not contribute to the prediction of outcome. PMID- 7139207 TI - The psychoses of epilepsy and the functional psychoses: a clinical and phenomenological comparison. AB - Sixty-nine patients, each with a combined diagnosis of epilepsy and psychosis, were compared with 53 patients with a diagnosis of functional psychosis. The epileptic affective patients often lacked convincing psychotic features; ECT and lithium were rarely prescribed; only three showed evidence of bipolarity. The epileptic schizophrenic patients were judged to have the better premorbid personality; experienced more paranoid delusions and delusions of reference, and showed less catatonic features than the functional schizophrenic patients. The course of the epileptics' illness was more variable. The concept that the schizophrenia-like psychosis associated with epilepsy is a distinct nosological entity is supported, but not the suggestion of a relationship between affective psychosis and epilepsy. PMID- 7139208 TI - Temper tantrums, epilepsy and episodic dyscontrol. AB - Seventeen patients were seen by a neurologist for diagnosis of temper tantrums. The referring psychiatrist had thought that they might have been caused by organic disease, either epilepsy or the episodic dyscontrol syndrome. The final diagnosis in every case was temper tantrums due to psychological causes. The patients had a wide range of psychiatric disorders. Theories that might explain the tantrums are discussed. PMID- 7139209 TI - Drift and dangerousness: social class differences between acute schizophrenics and their parents in relation to measures of violence. AB - Socio-economic differences between schizophrenics on an acute in-patient unit and their parents were studied in relation to indices of dangerousness and of psychiatric status. It was found that, whenever thier class of origin, a large proportion of patients had dropped in occupational attainment, relative to that of their parents, but that patients tended to be higher in education than their parents. Patients who had committed an assaultive act prior to admission were lower in social status than their parents. PMID- 7139210 TI - Thiamine, riboflavin and pyridoxine deficiency in psychiatric in-patients. AB - One hundred and seventy-two successive admissions to a district general hospital psychiatric unit were examined. Routine psychiatric, drug and dietary histories were taken and signs of avitaminosis B specifically noted. Red cell transketolase (for thiamine deficiency), glutathione reductase (for riboflavin deficiency) and aspartate transaminase (for pyridoxine deficiency) were measured. Of the patients, 53 per cent were deficient in at least one vitamin, 12 per cent in more than one (30 per cent in thiamine, 27 per cent in riboflavin and 9 per cent in pyridoxine). Schizophrenics and alcoholics were significantly over-represent in those patients low in thiamine and in more than one vitamin. Patients with an affective disorder had low riboflavin and low pyridoxine. It is suggested that affective changes are characteristic of riboflavin and pyridoxine deficiency. PMID- 7139211 TI - Impairment of the blood-brain barrier as an aetiological factor in paranoid psychosis. AB - Possible psychiatric implications of impairment of the blood-brain barrier were studied in 25 patients with paranoid psychosis. Determination of the ratio between the albumin concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid and serum showed increased, indicating impairment of the blood-brain barrier, in seven patients and normal values in 18. The two groups were compared for clinical, pharmacokinetic, neurophysiological and anamnestic variables. The highly significant finding that onset of psychosis had occurred, on average, 20 years earlier in the patients with impairment of the blood-brain barrier than in those without suggests that such impairment might influence the development of psychosis in predisposed individuals. PMID- 7139212 TI - Neuropsychological and computerized tomographic evaluations of young alcoholics. PMID- 7139213 TI - Motivational aspects of deliberate self-poisoning in adolescents. AB - A systematic study of 50 adolescent self-poisoners aged from 13 to 18 demonstrated considerable discrepancies between the reasons chosen by the subjects to explain the overdoses and those chosen by clinical assessors. Most adolescents indicated that they had been feeling lonely or unwanted, or angry with someone, and had taken the overdose to alleviate or demonstrate this distress. A third said they had wanted to die. In contrast, clinical assessors tended to attribute the overdose to punitive or manipulative reasons and suggested that only seven out of the 50 had wished to die. The adolescents rarely indicated that they had taken the overdose to get help; this may explain the resistance that may be shown to psychiatric intervention, that casts doubt on the possible effectiveness of preventive agencies. Modification of attitudes to both self-poisoning and early help-seeking may be a more effective means of prevention. PMID- 7139214 TI - Crisis intervention in psychogeriatrics: a two-year follow-up study. PMID- 7139215 TI - Conjugal bereavement amongst the Huli people of Papua New Guinea. AB - The Huli people of the Southern Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea mourn in culturally patterned ways that differ for men and women. One difference is that women are expected to express their emotions, while man are discouraged from doing so. In this study the mortality of bereaved spouses was determined by following 100 widowers and 208 widows for four years following their bereavements. Widowers showed an excess mortality in the first year following bereavement, while widows showed no such tendency. The possible relationship between these findings and Huli mourning practices is discussed. PMID- 7139216 TI - Treatment, training, care or control? PMID- 7139217 TI - Psychopathology in epilepsy. PMID- 7139219 TI - Season of birth of schizophrenics: cyclic trends and their analysis. PMID- 7139218 TI - Benzodiazepines and effectiveness of ect. PMID- 7139220 TI - Psychiatric morbidity and circadian rhythms. PMID- 7139221 TI - Treatment of compulsive gambling. PMID- 7139222 TI - An aetiological study on spondylolysis from a biomechanical aspect. AB - The authors report clinical studies on lumbar disorders (clinical symptoms, X-ray findings) in athletes in various sports. The sport items were divided into three groups according to the main dynamic load applied to the lumbar region. As a result, over 60% of the athletes suffered from "lumbago", and among them spondylolysis reached the high rate of 27%. Arising from these clinical observations, we performed biomechanical laboratory analyses on human cadaver material, axial compression and rotational bending. Our results suggest that the incidence of spondylolysis depends upon the extent and direction of the loads. PMID- 7139224 TI - The effectiveness of a training programme upon maximum aerobic power. AB - Forty-two trained and untrained young Chinese subjects of both sexes were employed for this study. Maximal oxygen uptake and anaerobic threshold were measured with the Beckman Metabolic Measurement Cart (MMC) during incremental work test. Skinfold thickness was measured using a skinfold caliper. Body density was calculated with skinfold thickness according to the formula of Suzuki et al (1975). % fat was calculated with the equation given by Brozek et al (1963). % fat of trained subjects was significantly lower than untrained subjects in both sexes. Maximal aerobic power of trained subjects was greater than untrained subjects in both sexes. VO2 at "AT" in trained subjects was greater than untrained subjects in both sexes. Anaerobic threshold might be a valid and useful physiological index for evaluation of physical fitness in various subjects. PMID- 7139223 TI - Effects of pollen extract upon adolescent swimmers. AB - Many competitive sportsmen in this country regularly use pollen extract as a dietary supplement in the belief that it can lead to an improvement in performance. We have investigated the effects of a six-week course of pollen extract administration on a variety of physiological parameters in a group (n = 20) of adolescent swimmers. At the time of the study, all subjects were training on a daily basis. During the course of the study, maximum oxygen uptake increased in both the treatment group and the placebo group, no difference between the response of the two groups being observed. Vital capacity showed a significant increase in the treatment group, but not in the placebo group. The results indicate that no positive benefit was obtained from the use of pollen supplementation. However, the number of training days missed due to upper respiratory tract infections was much less in the pollen treatment group (4 days) than in the placebo group (27 days). In a study of longer duration, this difference could lead to an improved performance by the pollen treatment group due to fewer interruptions to training. PMID- 7139225 TI - The effects of smoking on the health and sleep of sportswomen. AB - This survey studied the health and sleeping patterns of 92 physical education and sports science students highly involved in sport. A strong correlation was found between smoking and various complaints of ill health as well as between smoking and sleep duration and quality of sleep. The results suggest that there is a strong relationship between the constituents of tobacco smoke and poor sleeping habits. PMID- 7139226 TI - Maximal aerobic power measurement in runners and swimmers. AB - Five cross-country runners and five competitive swimmers performed a pulling exercise with elastic shock cords and a treadmill run to exhaustion. The mean VO2 max related to lean body mass of the runners was significantly higher than the swimmers on the treadmill (p less than 0.05) while, on the pulling test, the mean VO2 max of the swimmers was significantly higher than the runners (p less 0.01). The maximum heart rates achieved pulling were 95% of the running maximum by runners and 96% by swimmers with no significant difference between them. Their mean oxygen pulse was almost the same for maximal running but the swimmers had a significantly higher oxygen pulse than the runners for maximal pulling (p less than 0.01). The swimmers could reach about 79% of their running VO2 max by pulling while the runners used 53% of their running VO2 max. PMID- 7139227 TI - Osteochondroses in athletes. AB - Osteochondroses are disorders of primary and secondary growth centres, or lesions at the apophyseal or epiphyseal growth areas of bones. Although there are many types of osteochondroses, the history, clinical symptoms and findings as well as radiological findings are typical. Physical exercise is one of the factors that provokes symptoms. In a series of 185 osteochondroses in active young athletes, there were 18 different disorders. The commonest were Osgood-Schlatter's disease, Sever's disease, osteochondritis dissecans of the femoral condyles, various other patellar osteochondroses and Scheuermann's disease. Most of the athletes were from individual events; track and field sports (53.5%), cross-country skiing (8.1%), gymnastics (3.2%) and power events (2.7%). Of the team sports soccer produced the most (20.0%). The treatment was conservative in 84.3% and operative in 15.7%. The duration of symptoms in these athletes persisted in about 43% for less than one year and in 57% for more. The late changes of osteodhondroses do not cause serious risks for a normal life, if the treatment is active and the follow-up efficient. PMID- 7139228 TI - Anabolic steroids and Norwegian weightlifters. AB - The mean bodyweight, in kilograms, and mean weightlifting result, in points, for the ten best weightlifters at the annual Norwegian championships 1962-82 have been studied. During the 21 years, the mean bodyweight for these ten increased by 18 kg, probably due to the effect of androgens. The weightlifting results improved rapidly from 1968 onwards, probably reflecting an increasingly widespread use of anabolic steroids by Norwegian weightlifters. In 1977 doping tests were introduced, and from then on, rate of improvement has increased much more slowly. The annual sale of anabolic steroids 1963-81 and testosterone 1974 81, in Norway have been recorded. The sale of anabolic steroids increased irregularly until 1974-75, and has since shown a 42% decrease. The sale of testosterone 1974-81 showed a slight reduction, thus giving no support to the suggestion that doping tests for anabolic steroids would lead to a transfer to testosterone abuse. PMID- 7139229 TI - Chronic lateral ligament instability of the ankle--bilateral repair using flexible carbon fibre in an international sportsman. PMID- 7139230 TI - Diffuse osteochondrosis of the patella. PMID- 7139231 TI - Marathon running and the caecal slap syndrome. PMID- 7139232 TI - Excessive weight loss in athletes. PMID- 7139233 TI - The market for offences and the public enforcement of laws: an equilibrium analysis. AB - The general proposition developed in this paper is that the frequency of offences of specific types is determined, by and large, not as the capricious outcome of biological or social idiosyncracies, but as the result of the equilibrating interplay of systematic 'supply and demand' forces. The role of public intervention via police, courts, correctional institutions, and economic policy in general, is then viewed in terms of its impact on the equilibrium level of activity in illegitimate markets, rather than in terms of its effect on either the supply or the demand sides of these markets separately. From a policy perspective the implication is that the efficacy of public intervention in the 'business of crime' must be assessed through the relevant comparative statics or dynamics of market equilibrium, rather than by reference to partial settings. For example, one would seek to know not just whether a rehabilitative project can enhance the likelihood that a group of known offenders will be successfully absorbed in legitimate or socially desirable pursuits, but whether the rehabilitative project, even if successful, would lead to a corresponding reduction in the overall volume of crime. Recognition of the existence and role of the 'market for offences' is shown to lead to important modifications in previous economic analyses of illegitimate activities concerning not only the efficacy of rehabilitation and other means of direct control of individual offenders, but of means of general deterrence as well. The paper states conditions under which individual control is efficacious and shows that it will be ineffective precisely whereas general deterrence is effective. Generally, the relatively efficacy of all means of public enforcement of laws is shown to be a function of both supply and demand elasticities rather than a function of supply elasticities alone. The analysis includes a brief discussion of what is meant by the supply and demand notions is crime, and, indeed, by the more provocative concept of the 'market for offences'. PMID- 7139234 TI - The free-rider principle, the charity market and the economics of blood. AB - This article summarizes some recent developments in the economics of the charity market, presents some applications of the analyses and highlights areas which need interdisciplinary research. A brief summary of the fairly recent extension of economic analyses to non-private market institutions is presented, followed by an overview of economic analysis applied to the charity market, interspersed with examples of policy applications. The article concludes with a generalized application of economic analyses to the policy debates on the roles of the volunteer and commercial blood procurement systems in the United States. PMID- 7139235 TI - CT evaluation of carotid sheath lesions. PMID- 7139236 TI - The limitations of B-mode imaging of the carotid bifurcation: a comparison with three flow-dependent non-invasive tests. AB - Three hundred and four carotid arteries in 152 patients presenting with cerebral symptoms or asymptomatic carotid bruits were scanned with a real time B-mode scanner. These patients were also submitted to three other non-invasive screening modalities of Oculoplethysmography (OPG), Periorbital Doppler (POD) and Carotid Phonoangiography (CPA). Contrast angiography was performed on 57 patients (114 arteries). Lesions greater than 50% luminal reduction were considered haemodynamically significant. B-mode identified these lesions with a sensitivity of 75.5% and a specificity of 80.3%. Combined with OPG the sensitivity reached 96.2% but with a reduction of the specificity to 73.8%. In defining the need for angiography, no individual with a potentially surgically correctable lesion was incorrectly refused angiography. The limitations of real time B-mode scanning of the carotid bifurcation are enumerated. PMID- 7139237 TI - Regional lung ventilation in ankylosing spondylitis. AB - Patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) sometimes develop apical lung fibrosis and cavitation. It has been suggested that one causative factor is reduced apical ventilation due to rigidity of the thoracic cage. We measured regional ventilation in 27 patients with AS and 18 normal volunteers. Twelve patients (Group A) had chest expansion greater than 2 cm, twelve (Group B) had chest expansion of 2 cm or less and three (Group C) had apical lung lesions on chest radiographs; patients in Groups A and B had no radiographic lung lesions. Ventilation per unit volume (VE/VA min-1) was calculated from 81Krm washout curves. The ratio of upper zone to lower zone ventilation (VR) was calculated. VR in Group A (0.74 +/- 0.11) and group B (0.75 +/- 0.12) was not significantly different from VR in controls (0.76 +/- 0.08). There was no significant correlation between VR and FVC, FEV1 or maximal chest expansion. In patients with apical fibrosis only the radiographically abnormal areas had reduced ventilation. Patients with AS do not underventilate the upper zones of the lungs except in the presence of radiographically visible fibrosis. PMID- 7139238 TI - Split dose recovery of a mouse tumour and its stroma during fractionated irradiation. PMID- 7139239 TI - Dose reduction in radiology using heavy metal foils. PMID- 7139240 TI - Can scintigraphy be performed through a cast? PMID- 7139241 TI - Atlanto-axial dislocation and vertebral artery aneurysm. PMID- 7139242 TI - The "vanishing" epiphysis: sign of Salter Type I fracture of the proximal humerus in infancy. PMID- 7139243 TI - Pneumoscrotum with testicular delineation--a new sign of pneumoperitoneum. PMID- 7139244 TI - Segmental colonic tuberculosis. PMID- 7139245 TI - Haemangiopericytoma of the larynx. PMID- 7139247 TI - The variation of a fast neutron spectrum with depth. PMID- 7139246 TI - Metastatic melanoma in the biliary tree. PMID- 7139248 TI - Hazards of acupuncture. PMID- 7139249 TI - A need to redefine radiosensitivity. PMID- 7139250 TI - Parinaud's syndrome: electro-oculographic and anatomical analyses of six vascular cases with deductions about vertical gaze organization in the premotor structures. AB - Six cases of Parinaud's syndrome, with downward (Cases 1, 2), upward (Cases 3, 4) and both downward and upward gaze paralysis (cases 5, 6) are reported. Four cases (Cases 1, 2, 3, 5) were studied anatomically using serial sections of the brain and 3 cases (Cases, 1, 4, 6) analysed electro-oculographically. In all the cases there were rather small vascular lesions in the mesodiencephalic region, sparing the oculomotor nuclei. Since the rostral interstitial nuclei of the medial longitudinal fasciculus (riMLF), located above the oculomotor nuclei, contain the final relays producing all vertical saccades, it is suggested that the different aspects of Parinaud's syndrome may result from damage to their cells or to their excitatory efferent tracts, or even to their afferent pathways. Downgaze paralysis results from bilateral lesions involving the regions located just caudal, medial and dorsal to the upper poles of the red nuclei. The critical area is probably related to the mediocaudal part of the riMLF, the lateral portion of which appears to be spared. These anatomical data, combined with the clinical observation that most downward eye movements (except slow reflex movements) are affected in the case with such paralysis, lead us to propose that it is the riMLF efferent tracts mediating downgaze and projecting on to the oculomotor nuclei that are principally damaged by the lesions. Upgaze paralysis results from unilateral lesions in or near the posterior commissure. The clinical data allow us to propose that it is also the riMLF efferent tracts, mediating upgaze, that are damaged in such cases. consequently these tracts, probably originating from the dorsolateral part of the riMLF, would decussate through the posterior commissure before they reach the oculomotor nuclei. Combined downgaze and upgaze paralysis results from bilateral lesions involving the region related to the whole riMLF on both sides. The principal conclusion is that the riMLF efferent tracts mediating upward and downward gaze have clearly separate courses in the immediate premotor structures. PMID- 7139251 TI - Evidence for lexicographic processing in a patient with preserved written over oral single word naming. AB - A number of studies have shown superior written over oral performance in fluent aphasia. One reasonable explanation for this result is that writing in these cases takes place through a different set of output mechanisms than oral naming. Specifically, conversion of lexical information directly into graphemic code can occur for writing whereas output requires access to underlying phonology. If phonological processing is impaired, it is possible that written performance can still be sustained via lexicographic retrieval of information. A case study is described supporting this account of incongruous written over oral naming. Written naming for single words was markedly superior to spoken naming. Performance in rhyme matching tasks disclosed impaired retrieval of the underlying sound component of words and nonlexical phonological processing was severely impaired in writing to dictation. This suggests that written naming was mediated entirely by nonphological processes. In addition, recovery of function indicated considerable independence of phonological processing between reading and writing. While grapheme-phoneme conversion improved substantially six months post-onset, phoneme-grapheme transcoding remained severely impaired. This suggests that different neural mechanisms mediate access to phonology for reading and writing systems. PMID- 7139252 TI - From three to 3: a differential analysis of skills in transcoding quantities between patients with Broca's and Wernicke's aphasia. AB - A psycholinguistic investigation into the ability of aphasic patients to transcode integer quantities from written numeral forms into digit strings is reported. Broca's aphasics experienced specific difficulties in handling the grammatical structure underlying word order and also, on the word level, the bound morphemes relative to the root morphemes. Wernicke's aphasics seemed to have lexical troubles reflected by some purely lexical confusions together with serial order disturbances. These findings support the hypothesis of differential preserved/impaired skills according to type of aphasia, but having a high level of generality since they appear in classic linguistic tasks as well as in the domain of numbers. PMID- 7139253 TI - Spatial frequency discrimination in normal vision and in patients with multiple sclerosis. AB - This article extends our previous reports that multiple sclerosis can cause a visual dysfunction better described as a distortion than as a blurring of vision. An earlier paper reported that multiple sclerosis spares visual acuity in some patients while reducing visual sensitivity for less fine detail. Specifically, these patients experience a loss of contrast sensitivity for low and/or intermediate spatial frequencies, while contrast sensitivity for high spatial frequencies is unimpaired. We report here that some patients also lose spatial frequency discrimination, so that these patients cannot tell which of two clearly visible gratings has the higher spatial frequency even though control subjects accurately report which grating has the higher spatial frequency. One way of regarding this discrimination loss is in terms of a deterioration of the ability to discriminate size. Contrast sensitivity was measured over the spatial frequency range 1 to 20 cycles/deg using the von Bekesy tracking method for 10 patients. (20 eyes) and 16 control subjects (32 eyes). The limit of normality was taken as 2.5 standard deviations from the control mean (99 per cent confidence). Spatial frequency discrimination was measured using the criterion-free method of temporal two-alternative forced choice over the spatial frequency range 2 to 16 cycles/deg for 10 patients (20 eyes), and for 14 to 26 control eyes at each spatial frequency. Three control subjects were studied more extensively over the range 1 to 20 cycles/deg. Control subjects could discriminate two spatial frequencies that differed by more than about 5 per cent. This held for all spatial frequencies tested. Grating contrast had little effect on discrimination, provided that all test gratings were clearly visible. The normal limit for discrimination threshold was set at 2.5 standard deviations from the control mean. Seven of 10 patients have abnormal contrast sensitivity at one or more spatial frequencies. Six of 10 patients had abnormal discrimination at one or more spatial frequencies. At any given spatial frequency the correlation between the magnitudes of sensitivity loss and discrimination loss was weak, though an eye that was less sensitive than its fellow also tended to have poorer discrimination. A more subtle relationship between sensitivity loss and discrimination loss was clearly shown by one patient. Sensitivity loss was restricted to spatial frequencies below 8 cycles/deg, while discrimination loss in the same eye was restricted to spatial frequencies above 8 cycles/deg. We propose that this finding can be straightforwardly understood if discrimination is determined by the relative activities of different spatial frequency channels analogously, to the way opponent-colour mechanisms determine colour discrimination. PMID- 7139254 TI - The pathogenesis of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy: an ultrastructural study. AB - The brains of 9 spider monkeys, inoculated intracerebrally with brain suspension from kuru patients and of 3 normal control monkeys have been studied. All the animals were killed by perfusion with fixative, 8 during early incubation (ranging from 2 to 40 weeks) when healthy and free from neurological signs, one after 122 weeks when the disease was fully established. The most striking feature seen in every brain between the incubation times of 4 and 40 weeks was the formation of multilaminated membranes (ACPMs). These affected stretches of two apposed, mostly neuronal, plasma membranes over variable distances and created the impression of complex ribbon-or cord-like junctions. Their number varied with the length of incubation, reaching a peak at 13 weeks and declining thereafter. ACPMs were found throughout the grey matter, but they were most numerous in phylogenetically older regions of the brain, regions which also show the severest lesions in human kuru. It is suggested that ACPMs are initially due to an excessive synthesis of some membrane constituent by the perikaryon and various possibilities for their genesis are discussed. The hypothesis is advanced that they may be due to the reactivation of embryonic growth mechanisms and represent abortive junctions which, being formed in mature neurons, take a rather bizarre shape. Other changes such as the formation of somatic spines, an excessive number of dendritic spines including a high proportion with long tortuous necks, and the presence of binucleated neurons and numerous growth cones, point to the similarly immature pattern and would support this hypothesis. The material provided ample evidence that ACPMs, which can occupy as much as 26 per cent of a dendritic surface, give rise to intracytoplasmic vacuoles, which may therefore be regarded as secondary to a primary change in the permeability of the plasma membrane at the site of ACPMs. Individual single vacuoles could often build up into complex soap-bubble-like arrays, which were interpreted as the ultrastructural equivalent of histological status spongiosus. There is some evidence that the development of status spongiosus in other transmissible spongiform encephalopathies follows the same pattern. PMID- 7139255 TI - Unilateral removal of the second somatosensory projection cortex in the monkey: evidence for cerebral predominance? AB - The second somatosensory projection cortex (area SII) was removed unilaterally in 18 monkeys: alone, in 6; with bilateral removals of the supplementary motor area (SMA), in 4; with bilateral removals of anterior parietal association cortex, namely area PF (or 7b), in 4; and with neocortical commissure section, in 4. In half of these monkeys SII was removed from the hemisphere opposite to the preoperatively preferred hand, in half from the hemisphere on the same side as the preferred hand. Histological findings in all 18 monkeys indicated no consistent difference between the lesions (site, extent or depth) of the 9 monkeys with contralateral and the lesions of the 9 monkeys with ipsilateral removals of SII. These 18 monkeys, together with 6 additional unoperated control monkeys, were required to learn to make tactile discriminations, either with their preferred or with their nonpreferred hand. The discriminations were either between pairs of solid objects, or between graded differences in roughness or size. The monkeys with SII removal from the hemisphere contralateral to their preoperatively preferred hand were significantly impaired relative to the ipsilateral group or to the control group irrespective of the hand used (postoperatively preferred or nonpreferred hand). Such impairment was evidenced on the majority (but not all) of the tasks used in this study. In general, removal of SII from the ipsilateral hemisphere did not produce impairment, and bilateral removals of SMA combined with a unilateral removal of SII failed to give rise to additional impairment. However, bilateral removal of area PF, as also commissure section, did produce additional impairment, but only in animals of the ipsilateral group and when the postoperatively nonpreferred hand was required to be used. Certain of the behavior variations within groups can be explained in terms of weak preoperative hand preferences, or by reference to the histological findings for these animals. In general we conclude that the monkey has a degree of cerebral predominance of the hemisphere opposite to the preferred hand, possibly in relation to bilateral somatosensory representation. PMID- 7139256 TI - Murine motor neuron disease (the wobbler mouse): degeneration and regeneration of the lower motor neuron. AB - The study of the temporospatial pattern of lower motor neuronal generation in the wr/wr mouse demonstrated that the pathological changes started in the neuronal perikaryon in the spinal cord. Thus the wr/wr mouse suffers from a primary motor neuronopathy. Axonal pathology predominated at the level of the ventral root and suggested a focal proximal axonopathy. Microtubular segregation, neurofilamentous accumulation in the axon, and axonal or adaxonal vacuoles appeared to be closely related to subsequent axonal degeneration. Large myelinated fibres in the cervical ventral roots progressively degenerated and diminished in number with age. On the other hand, significant axonal regeneration coincided, with the axonal degeneration in the cervical ventral roots. A dying-back type of degeneration and axonal atrophy were not present. This study demonstrated that a primary disease of the perikaryon may express itself as a focal proximal axonopathy characterized by axonal degeneration and attempted axonal regeneration. PMID- 7139257 TI - Cardiovascular reflexes in syringomyelia. AB - Cardiovascular reflexes were assessed by simple noninvasive tests in 18 patients with syringomyelia restricted to the spinal cord (syringomyelia) and 22 patients with syringomyelia and brainstem signs (syringobulbia), and the results compared with a control group. Postural hypotension occurred more frequently in patients with bilateral brainstem signs, palatal weakness or vocal cord palsy. Vagal cardiovascular reflexes were disturbed in patients with clinical evidence of involvement of the Xth cranial nerve, and also in those with other brainstem signs. The integrity of the efferent limb of the reflex arc was demonstrated in three patients by testing the heart rate response to intravenous atropine. It was observed that cardiovascular reflexes may be impaired in patients free of symptoms of autonomic dysfunction. These findings may be relevant to the occurrence of sudden death in such patients and to the possible anatomical localization of the defect. PMID- 7139258 TI - Functional morphology of beta cells in the area centralis of the cat's retina: a model for the evolution of central retinal specializations. AB - The dendritic morphology of beta cells in and around the area centralis of the retinae of normally pigmented and Siamese cats is described. Individual central beta cells in the Siamese cat do not differ morphologically from central beta cells in normally pigmented cats, and in both groups of animals, there is a clear morphological continuity between central and peripheral beta cells. On the basis of systematic patterns of beta cell dendritic orientation, ther area centralis of the normal cat can be divided into a central region, approximately 200 micrometers in diameter, and a pericentral region, approximately 1,400 micrometers in diameter. In the central region, nearly all beta cells have a single large primary dendrite which descends perpendicular to the plane of inner plexiform layer, and gives rise to a dendritic tree which is vertically aligned with the cell's soma. In the pericentral region, the single primary dendrite of most cells descends obliquely through the inner plexiform layer and gives rise to a dendritic tree which is displaced laterally from the position of the soma. For most of the cells the trajectory of the dendrite is systematically related to the location of the cell relative to the area centralis such that the somas are displaced away from its center, presumably in order to minimize the thickness of the ganglion cell layer in the high acuity region. Many beta cells outside the pericentral region also have oriented single primary dendrites, but their orientation seems fairly random with respect to the location of the area centralis. In the Siamese area centralis, this systematic pattern of beta cell dendritic orientation is markedly reduced, suggesting that the pattern is under genetic control. On the basis of these observations, a model for the evolution of the area centralis and fovea is presented which involves selection for systematic for systematic patterns of dendritic orientation in regions of high ganglion cell density. PMID- 7139259 TI - Cerebello-olivary projections in the rat. An autoradiographic study. AB - Projections of deep cerebellar nuclei onto the inferior olive have been studied using autoradiographic methods in adult Wistar rats: the distribution of the labelling consequent to injections of tritiated amino acids, limited to one of the cerebellar nuclei, was mapped in the inferior olive. Each of the four cerebellar deep nuclei project to a specific region of the contralateral inferior olive. Only caudal parts of the medial cerebellar nucleus send fibres to the olive, where they reach the caudal half of the medial accessory olive. Anterior and posterior interposed nuclei project to the dorsal accessory and the rostral half to the medial accessory olives, respectively. The lateral, or dentate nucleus projects to the principal olive. This projection discloses a clear-cut topological arrangement. Besides, a few dentato-olivary fibres recross the midline in the interolivary region and end in areas of the ipsilateral principal olive symmetric to the contralateral projection. These results are discussed with special consideration to comparative anatomy. PMID- 7139260 TI - On classifying retinal ganglion cells by numerical methods. PMID- 7139261 TI - On comparing retinal ganglion cells by numerical methods. PMID- 7139262 TI - A study of hyperlexia. PMID- 7139263 TI - Lateralization effects in the perception of Hebrew and English words. PMID- 7139267 TI - Perception of temporally competing speech stimuli in preschool children. PMID- 7139266 TI - Deep agraphia. PMID- 7139265 TI - Pupil responses to grammatical complexity of sentences. PMID- 7139264 TI - Mirror-reading in right- and left-handers. PMID- 7139268 TI - Voice onset time in aphasia: Thai. I. Perception. PMID- 7139269 TI - Lateral asymmetries in the naming of words and corresponding line drawings. PMID- 7139270 TI - Cortical localization of finger spelling and oral language: a case study. PMID- 7139271 TI - Verbal deficits in children with 47,XXY and 47,XXX karyotypes: a descriptive and experimental study. PMID- 7139272 TI - A study of language functioning in Alzheimer patients. PMID- 7139274 TI - The termination of forelimb nerves in the feline cuneate nucleus demonstrated by the transganglionic transport method. AB - The projection of forelimb nerves to the cuneate nucleus was studied in the cat by the transganglionic transport method. The cut ends of the median, ulnar, musculocutaneous, medial cutaneous, lateral brachial and antebrachial cutaneous nerves and of the superficial and deep branches of the radial nerve were exposed to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or to HRP conjugated to wheat germ agglutinin. Nerves innervating the skin terminated in a somatotopical pattern on the cell clusters in the middle region of the cuneate nucleus. Afferents from the paw occupied the largest area and were situated dorsally, with the ulnar part represented medially and the radial part laterally. The palmar side of the digits seemed to be represented superficial to the dorsal side. The projection from the arm was split into a ventromedial and a ventrolateral area. Superimposed on this somatotopy, a reversed termination pattern was also present. Thus medially projecting nerves also had a small separate projection to the lateral part of the nucleus and vice versa. The rostral region of the nucleus was organized in a similar way except for the rostral pole where the somatotopy was lost. The caudal region differed from the middle one in that it appeared to lack representation of the upper and lower arm. The deep branch of the radial nerve terminated in the middle-ventral, 'reticular' region of the cuneate nucleus, with a sparse projection also to the ventral parts of the rostral and caudal regions, including the base of the dorsal horn. Also the musculocutaneous, median and ulnar nerves, but not the pure cutaneous nerves, had projections to these areas, indicating a modality segregation in the cuneate nucleus. The rostral pole of the nucleus, however, appeared to constitute an area of overlap between projections from deep and superficial receptors. PMID- 7139275 TI - Properties of single neurons in the anterior auditory field (AAF) of cat cerebral cortex. PMID- 7139276 TI - The effect of digital nerve stimulation on recruitment order of motor units in the first deep lumbrical muscle of the cat. AB - The normal recruitment order of EMG spikes of the first deep lumbrical muscle of the cat's hindpaw, usually seen during cortical stimulation, pad pinch and weak plantar nerve stimulation, was temporarily reversed after stimulation of the medial digital nerve of the foot at 50 Hz for 2 min, and normal order was recovered in 2 to 10 min. The longer the period of stimulation of the medial digital nerve was, the longer the time for recovery. Alteration of order is repeatable and reversible after an interval of more than 15 min. After prolonged medial digital nerve stimulation, EMG responses to pad pinch and plantar nerve stimulation were facilitated. Combination of some stimuli (e.g. cortical stimulation and plantar nerve stimulation, pad pinch and plantar nerve stimulation, plantar nerve and medial digital nerve stimulation) also produced reversal of recruitment order during the period of stimulation. A functionally single motor nerve fiber to the first deep lumbrical muscle was isolated from the motor nerve axons in L7 and S1 of the spinal cord of cats, and physiological properties of pairs of motor units whose recruitment order was temporarily altered by plantar nerve stimulation after prolonged stimulation of the medial digital nerve of a foot were examined. Motor units with large action potentials were more facilitated than motor units with small action potentials after prolonged stimulation of the medial digital nerve. The former motor units showed fast contraction time, large twitch tension, low resistance to fatigue and presence of sag-behavior. The latter motor units showed slow contraction time, small twitch tension and high resistance to fatigue. High threshold motor units with middle-sized surface EMG records were recruited after motor units with large potentials had been recruited; motor units with middle-size action potentials were beta motor axons branching to both intrafusal and extrafusal muscle fibers. The beta motor axons also showed fast conduction velocity and the presence of sag behavior. PMID- 7139273 TI - The influence of situational context on naming performance in aphasic syndromes. PMID- 7139277 TI - Hyperpolarizing membrane responses induced in lumbar motoneurons by stimulation of the nucleus reticularis pontis oralis during active sleep. AB - Intracellular recordings were obtained from lumbar motoneurons in unanesthetized, undrugged, normally respiring cats during the states of wakefulness, quiet sleep and active sleep. The objective was to examine the state-dependent control of spinal cord motoneurons exerted by the pontomesencephalic reticular formation. Accordingly, electrical stimulation was applied to the nucleus reticularis pontis oralis while the membrane potential of lumbar motoneurons was recorded. Short latency depolarizing and/or hyperpolarizing potentials were observed throughout sleep and wakefulness; no state-dependent pattern was found in the direction of polarization or amplitude for these early potentials. However, a long latency hyperpolarizing potential emerged exclusively during active sleep; it was characterized by a peak latency of 45 +/- 1 (S.E.M.) ms, a duration of 40 +/- 2 ms, and an amplitude of 3 +/- 0.5 mV. This active sleep-selective potential was capable of inhibiting spontaneous motoneuron activity. These and previously obtained data support the notion that excitation of the nucleus reticularis pontis oralis results in somatomotor inhibition at the level of the spinal cord and brainstem selectively during the state of active sleep. PMID- 7139279 TI - Ontogeny of circadian corticosterone rhythm in rats treated with monosodium glutamate neonatally. PMID- 7139278 TI - In vivo modulations by GABA-related drugs of met-enkephalin release in basal ganglia of the cat brain. AB - The influence of the intrapallidal application of GABA-related compounds on the release of Met-enkephalin in the globus pallidus and the caudate nucleus in the two hemispheres was investigated in vivo in the cat. For this purpose, the 4 structures were continuously superfused with an artificial CSF through implanted push-pull cannulae and Met-enkephalin released in superfusates was determined using a specific radioimmunoassay. GABA (10-500 microM) reduced the local release of Met-enkephalin during its application but once the amino acid was removed from the superfusing fluid, an increase in the peptide release was observed. Diazepam (10 microM) induced only an inhibitory effect whereas muscimol (1 microM) stimulated Met-enkephalin release. Opposite changes in Met-enkephalin release were also seen with the GABA antagonists, bicuculline methiodide (1 microM) and picrotoxin (10 microM), suggesting that the local regulation of Met-enkephalin release by GABA related compounds may be mediated by at least two types of GABA receptors. In several cases, the unilateral pallidal application of GABA agonists and antagonists induced significant changes in Met-enkephalin release at distant structures. The most striking effect was observed with diazepam which markedly reduced the peptide release in both caudate nuclei and pallida. These data suggest that GABAergic systems can contribute to some bilateral regulation of striato-pallidal enkephalinergic neurones. PMID- 7139280 TI - Lectin binding to neurites of goldfish retinal explants. PMID- 7139281 TI - Free radical formation and lipid peroxidation in rat and mouse cerebral cortex slices exposed to high oxygen pressure. PMID- 7139282 TI - Cerebellar nucleo-cortical neurons projecting to the vermis of lobule VII in the rat. PMID- 7139284 TI - Primary neurons maintain their central axonal arbors in the spinal dorsal horn following peripheral nerve injury: an anatomical analysis using transganglionic transport of horseradish peroxidase. PMID- 7139283 TI - Associational connections between the anterior and posterior cingulate gyrus in rabbit. PMID- 7139285 TI - A comparison of early morphological changes at denervated and paralyzed endplates in fast and slow muscles of the mouse. PMID- 7139287 TI - Does position sense at the elbow reflect a sense of elbow joint angle or one of limb orientation? PMID- 7139289 TI - Immunochemical method for quantitative evaluation of vasogenic brain edema following cold injury of rat brain. AB - An immunochemical method is described for quantitative assessment of serum proteins and hemoglobin content in brain tissue homogenates. Using a combination of affinity chromatography and radioimmunoassay, the sensitivity of the method is 50 ng hemoglobin and 100 ng serum protein per assay, respectively. The method was used to measure cerebral hematocrit, blood volume and serum protein extravasation in rat brain at various times following cold injury. In control rats cerebral blood volume was 6.88 +/- 0.15 ml/100 g and cerebral hematocrit 26.4 +/- 0.86% (means +/- S.E.). Following cold injury blood volume did not significantly change, but there was a gradual increase of extravasated serum proteins, reaching a maximum of 21.54 +/- 2.76 mg/g d.w. after 8 hours. Thereafter protein content gradually declined, but even after 64 h it was distinctly increased. Protein extravasation was partly dissociated from the increase of brain water and sodium which reached a maximum already after 2 h and which normalized within 32 and 64 h, respectively. It is concluded that edema fluid associated with cold injury is not simply an ultrafiltrate of blood serum but consists of cytotoxic and vasogenic components which follow a different time course both during formation and resolution of edema. PMID- 7139288 TI - An indirect telencephalo-cerebellar pathway and its relay nucleus in teleosts. AB - In order to clarify telencephalo-cerebellar connections in teleosts, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected into the telencephalon and the corpus cerebelli of 6 species which belong to Cyprinidae, Holocentridae, Scorpaenidae and Balistidae. In fishes belonging to Holocentridae, Scorpaenidae, and Balistidae, some fibers of the telencephalo-tectal tract were observed to terminate ipsilaterally in a longitudinal nucleus, which is located dorsolaterally to the posterior commissure, while the remaining fibers terminated in the tectum. Because the nucleus has not been identified as an independent cell-group or nucleus in previous papers, it was named the nucleus paracommissuralis in the present study. HRP injections into the ipsilateral side of the corpus cerebelli resulted in labeled cells in the nucleus paracommissuralis. Fibers from the nucleus pass through the tractus mesencephalo-cerebellaris anterior. Cytoarchitecture of the nucleus paracommissuralis was studied by means of the Bodian, Nissl and Golgi-Cox methods. The telencephalo-cerebellar fiber system could not be identified in cyprinoid species. Other orthograde- and retrograde-labeled areas were also reported following telencephalic and cerebellar injections with respect to the species difference. PMID- 7139290 TI - Mapping the auditory central nervous system of Xenopus laevis with 2-deoxyglucose autoradiography. PMID- 7139286 TI - Red nucleus unitary activity during ballistic movements. Effect of cerebellar nuclei stimulation. PMID- 7139291 TI - Prolonged optic tract degeneration modifies optic nerve regeneration. PMID- 7139292 TI - Intracerebral injection of ascorbate oxidase - effect on in vivo electrochemical recordings. PMID- 7139293 TI - A specific deficiency in paraventricular vasopressin and oxytocin in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. PMID- 7139294 TI - The effect of postnatal caffeine administration on brain myelination. PMID- 7139295 TI - Partial purification by vacuum distillation of a factor that increases the junctional acetylcholinesterase of organ cultured rat diaphragm. PMID- 7139296 TI - Dipiperidinoethane neurotoxicity clarified. PMID- 7139297 TI - Fourth ventricular alloxan injection causes feeding but not hyperglycemia in rats. PMID- 7139298 TI - Connectivity of neural transplants in adult rats: analysis of afferents and efferents of neocortical transplants in the cerebellar hemisphere. AB - Embryonic neocortical tissue, 3.5 mm3 in volume, obtained from 17-day-old Long Evans rat embryos, was transplanted into the intact cerebellar hemisphere of normal adult rat hosts. Transplants examined 90-160 days later had grown to a final volume of 27.24 mm3, which reflected nearly an 8-fold increase in the initial volume of tissue transplanted. The transplants were all intraparenchymal, having replaced large parts of the cerebellar hemisphere and occasionally portions of the vermis and paramedian lobule during their course of growth and differentiation. They retained a cellular and cytoarchitectural identity characteristic of neocortical tissue. Anterograde degeneration studies and retrograde tracing methods on the light microscopic level revealed that transplants had received afferent connections from the ponto-, olivo- and spinocerebellar projection systems. In addition to these major connections, afferents from other nuclei such as the locus coeruleus and the lateral reticular nucleus were also observed with the HRP method. Efferent outgrowth as studied with degeneration methods revealed projections to the nearby host cerebellum and to the ipsilateral deep cerebellar nuclei. All transplants had developed massive intratransplant connections. Findings on the nature and magnitude of connections were analyzed in terms of different characteristics of the interface between the transplant and the host brain tissue. The surface of cortical transplants was found to consist of 7 distinct components, 5 of which were interface regions. Two types of interface regions, those between the cerebellar medullary and granular layers and transplants, were readily related to the magnitude of extrinsic afferent ingrowth, and hence were effective sprouting surfaces. Using two correlated estimates of the magnitude of afferent ingrowth to cortical transplants, volume of degeneration and surface area of degeneration of transplants resulting from lesions of host brain structures, the pontine system was found to provide more afferents to transplants than the olivary or spinal systems. Generally, extrinsic fibers were located nearer to transplant-host brain interface regions than deep within transplants. A positive correlation existed between the available effective sprouting surface area of transplants (an estimate of interactive host fibers with a suitable trajectory) and the magnitude of innervation of cortical transplants by extrinsic afferents. PMID- 7139299 TI - Axo-somatic synapses in the normal and x-irradiated dendate gyrus: factors affecting the density of afferent innervation. PMID- 7139300 TI - Comparison of olfactory receptor (EOG) and bulbar (EEG) responses to amino acids in the catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. AB - The olfactory bulb electroencephalogram (EEG) has been used as a method to imply receptor events12,13. However, experiments to correlate olfactory receptor and bulbar EEG activity in the same species of fish has not been performed. Reported here is the comparison between the simultaneously recorded receptor electroolfactogram (EOG) and the bulbar EEG in the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. With amino acid stimulation of the olfactory mucosa, both the EOG and EEG exhibited an initial phasic response followed by a tonic level maintained throughout the stimulus duration. The relative magnitude of the tonic EEG activity (tonic level/phasic response), however, was significantly less than that for the EOG. Both EOG and integrated EEG responses increased exponentially with logarithmic increase in stimulus concentration from threshold to 10(-3) M. Estimated electrophysiological thresholds for 5 amino acids tested determined by both recording methods did not differ significantly and averaged 10(-9.3) +/- 0.2 M for the EOG and 10(-9.1) +/- 0.2 M for the EEG. There was also a significant correlation between the order of relative effectiveness for 11 amino acids determined by EOG and EEG recordings. These results indicate that in the catfish the olfactory bulb EEG is an indicator of olfactory receptor activity. PMID- 7139301 TI - An electron microscope autoradiographic study of regenerating locus coeruleus fibers into iris tissue implants in the rat mesencephalon. AB - Following interruption, fibers from the locus coeruleus have been shown to undergo axonal regeneration and invade peripheral tissue implants in the rat brain. The aim of the present study was to analyze the ultrastructural features of this phenomenon using electron microscope autoradiography. For this, iris tissue implants were inserted in the region of the dorsal tegmental bundle (DTB) in the mesencephalon of unilaterally sympathectomized rats. Approximately 2 weeks later, rats were injected with [3H]-leucine in the ipsilateral locus coeruleus and sacrificed 2 days later. The tissue was prepared for EM autoradiography and studied after an incubation period of at least 12 weeks. The results showed that regenerating fibers from the locus coeruleus were most dense in regions of implant proximal to the DTB. Within the implants, less than one-half of regenerating axons present were labeled and, hence, of locus coeruleus origin. The labeled fibers were characteristically thin and unmyelinated. At this relatively short survival time, there was no evidence that the regenerating locus coeruleus axons formed synaptic specializations or contacts with the surrounding iris neuropil. Thus, while these observations confirm previous reports describing the regenerative capacity of central monoaminergic axons, they fail to provide anatomical evidence of the establishment of functional interactions between incoming fibers and the target tissue. PMID- 7139302 TI - Structure of human auditory cortex. III. Statistical analysis of dendritic trees. AB - 3-Dimensional coordinates of Golgi-impregnated neurons in left and right human areas TA, TB and TC were stored using computer microscopy. The tangential extent of neurons was taken to be an estimate of their effective radius, which is a compromise between their maximum radius and the average tangential projection of their dendrites. Analysis of variance and t-test comparisons were made among the areas and between the hemispheres on a total data base of 622 neurons. It was assumed that the neurons are organized in functional columns. The tangential extent of left-hemisphere columns is absolutely larger than on the right, but is smaller relative to the column-column interval. Neuropil on the left is packed more densely with dendrites belonging to the nearest column. It seems that during the course of evolution interconnected units (as in the right hemisphere) have become more disentangled (left hemisphere), yielding perhaps a greater capacity for differentiated responses in the latter case. A more detailed analysis revealed that much of the difference between areas and/or hemispheres was due to the pyramidal neurons. The structure of non-pyramidal cells is relatively consistent within each hemisphere and shows non-systematic differences between the hemispheres. PMID- 7139303 TI - Differential effects on the internal and external carotid circulation of the monkey evoked by locus coeruleus stimulation. AB - Electrical stimulation at 1-200/s of the locus coeruleus in 12 Macaca nemestrina monkeys caused a frequency-dependent drop in vascular resistance in the extracerebral circulation which was twice as great on the side stimulated. Accompanying this dilatation of the extracerebral vasculature was a frequency dependent rise in internal carotid vascular resistance, usually seen only on the side ipsilateral to stimulation. This constrictor response was maximal at low frequencies of stimulation and minimal at higher frequencies. Neither the dilator nor constrictor responses were affected by sectioning of the vagus nerve or sympathetic trunk in the neck. The simultaneous occurrence of intracranial vasoconstriction and extracranial vasodilatation has not been demonstrated previously, and bears a remarkable resemblance to the vascular changes of migraine. PMID- 7139305 TI - Sexual dimorphism and the influence of neonatal androgen in the dorsolateral motor nucleus of the rat lumbar spinal cord. AB - There is a sexually dimorphic motor nucleus, the spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus (SNB) in the fifth and sixth lumbar segments of the rat spinal cord. We now report a second sex difference in the dorsolateral nucleus (DLN) in the ventral horn of the rat lumbar cord, which includes motoneurons innervating the ischiocavernosus muscle, a sexually dimorphic perineal muscle. Adult females possess fewer motoneurons in the DLN, probably because of an absence of neurons innervating the ischiocavernosus muscle, which females lack. The effect of a single dose of testosterone propionate on day 2 of life was confined to a specific rostrocaudal region of the adult DLN in which it partially masculinized the female DLN. Masculinized females have more DLN neurons than control females. The direction of change induced in DLN neuron number by the neonatal hormone treatment is compatible with the hypothesis that androgens are involved with the sexually dimorphic development of the DLN. In another motor nucleus, the retrodorsolateral nucleus, a small sex difference in neuron number was found in one study, but was not replicated in a second experiment. PMID- 7139304 TI - Opiate analgesia: evidence for circadian rhythms in mice. AB - The effects of a 12-12 h light-dark (L-D) cycle and of constant light (L-L) on nociceptive thresholds and morphine-induced analgesia were studied in two strains of mice: C57BL/6 and SEC/1Re. Under the L-D condition, a diurnal rhythm was observed in the responsiveness of mice to nociceptive stimuli, and in the analgesic effects of morphine. Under the L-L schedule clear patterns of daily rhythmicity were evident in both strains for both nociceptive thresholds and responsiveness to morphine. Finally, under the L-L schedule, the overall responsiveness to pain and the antinociceptive effects of morphine were clearly increased in comparison to the patterns evident in the L-D condition. The administration of naloxone decreased the nociceptive thresholds, thus indicating an involvement of the endogenous opioid peptides. These phenomena are discussed in terms of the different pacemaker mechanisms involved in the expression of various patterns of daily behavioral and neurochemical rhythmicity in these strains, and of the effects of light in controlling the release of endogenous opioids. PMID- 7139306 TI - Lack of unity of Edinger-Westphal nucleus projections to the ciliary ganglion and spinal cord: a double-labeling approach. PMID- 7139307 TI - Glial fibrillary acidic protein synthesized in vitro using messenger RNA from jimpy mouse spinal cord. AB - Glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein was synthesized in vitro in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system programmed with messenger RNA (mRNA) extracted from Jimpy mouse spinal cord. It was identical in molecular weight and charge to that synthesized from normal mouse mRNA and GFA protein extracted from normal mouse cord. These data suggest that the Jimpy mutation does not affect the primary phenotypic expression of GFA protein. PMID- 7139309 TI - Quantitative analysis of ethanol effects on Purkinje cell dendritic tree. PMID- 7139308 TI - Rat cerebral cortical slice respiration in media of various osmolarities. AB - Freshly separated immature (5-day-old) and mature (60-day-old) rat cerebral cortical tissue demonstrates a Na+-dependent respiratory component similar to that recently described in primary cultured astrocytes. This respiratory component, which is not coupled to oxidative phosphorylation, increases as the osmolarity is increased above 354 mOsm in media with NaCl as the osmotic agent. With decreasing osmolarity from 354 to 80 mOsm, this respiratory component decreases more in cortical tissue than in cultured astrocytes. We propose that the respiratory response of neurons to decreasing extracellular osmolarity may differ from that of astrocytes in situ. PMID- 7139310 TI - Rat optic nerve: freeze-fracture studies during development of myelinated axons. AB - This freeze-fracture study examines the development of myelinated fibers in the rat optic nerve. Axolemma of optic nerve fibers were studied before, during, and after myelination. At birth, the optic nerve is composed entirely of non myelinated (premyelinated) axons, while in the adult, virtually all fibers acquire compact myelin. Myelination begins at 6-8 days postparturition and proceeds rapidly, such that by 28 days of age approximately 85% of the axons are myelinated. The axolemma of premyelinated fibers from 2-day-old animals exhibits an asymmetrical partitioning of intramembranous particles (IMPs) between E- and P fracture faces; the E-face had approximately 125 particles/micron2 and the P-face approximately 550 particles/micron2. Particle densities for premyelinated axolemma from 8, 12, 14, 16, and 28-day-old nerves were similar to those observed at 2 days. Beginning at 8-12 days postnatal, definitive association between oligodendroglial processes and axons (termed 'ensheathed' fibers) was observed. At the time of glial ensheathment, there was a 50-100% increase in the number of P-face particles; in contrast, the E-face did not display an overall increase in particle density. In certain regions, however, localized aggregations of E-face particles were observed. IMPs on P-faces of ensheathed axons had a greater mean particle size and higher percentage of 'large' (greater than 9.6 nm) particles than did IMPs on the corresponding fracture face of premyelinated fibers. Myelinated axons from 14-16 day optic nerves displayed several differences from adult myelinated fibers. The P-face of the internodal axolemma had approximately 45% fewer particles than that of adult internodal membrane, and the percentage of large IMPs on the P-face of the younger internodal membrane was approximately 50% of the value for adult internodal axolemma. E-faces of internodal axolemma from 14-16-day-old and adult animals had equivalent IMP densities and size distributions. The nodal region of myelinated axons from 14-16-day-old rats had fewer large particles on both E- and P-faces than did adult fibers, though particle densities on both fracture faces were similar for the two age groups. These studies demonstrate a clear reorganization of axon membrane structure concomitant with axo-glial ensheathment, followed by continued gradual axolemmal changes as myelination progresses. PMID- 7139312 TI - Chlorpromazine methiodide-induced barrel rotation: an antimuscarinic effect. AB - Barrel rotation is a motor response observed in rats in which the animal twists about its long axis and rolls laterally. This response was first described following intracerebroventricular injection of somatostatin. The pharmacologic specificity of the response has been questioned, and its physiologic basis is unknown. Recently, barrel rotation following intraventricular injection of quaternary chlorpromazine, chlorpromazine methiodide (CPZMI), has been reported. We have studied the specificity and pharmacologic basis of CPZMI-induced barrel rotation. The response was not induced by 26 compounds injected as controls, and was induced by 6 anti-muscarinic compounds. Dose-response relationships for onset, duration and magnitude of CPZMI-induced barrel rotation response were studied; number of rotations increased linearly with CPZMI dose up to 20 micrograms, after which number of rotations decreased and toxic effects (sedation, seizures) occurred. CPZMI barrel rotation was inhibited by intraventricular injection of the muscarinic agonist carbachol and enhanced by intraventricular or systemic atropine. Muscarinic and dopamine receptor studies indicated that CPZMI has high affinity for the muscarinic cholinergic receptor and low affinity for the spiperone binding site. Modified Scatchard analysis of CPZMI displacement of [3H]QNB at the muscarinic receptor is consistent with muscarinic antagonist properties. We conclude that CPZMI-induced barrel rotation has a specific pharmacologic basis, that of muscarinic cholinergic antagonism. PMID- 7139311 TI - Ionic mechanism of a hyperpolarizing 5-hydroxytryptamine effect on leech neuropile glial cells. AB - The ionic mechanism of a membrane effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on neuropile glial (NG) cells in ganglia of the medicinal leech was investigated with conventional single-barrelled microelectrodes. Control experiments were made with double-barrelled ion-selective microelectrodes. 5-Hydroxytryptamine hyperpolarized the NG-cell membrane and increased the conductance considerably. Methysergide, a potent 5-HT antagonist, blocked the 5-HT-induced hyperpolarization completely. When leech ganglia were superfused with physiological bathing media free of 5-HT, the NG-cell membrane conductance returned to the original value, but the membrane potential recovered only partially from the hyperpolarization in most experiments. In glial membranes artificially depolarized by means of constant-current injection, the amplitude of the 5-HT response increased. The amplitude decreased with membrane hyperpolarization and reversed at - 73 mV, close to the potassium equilibrium potential. The reversal potential changed by 52 mV when the extracellular potassium concentration was altered by a factor of 10. We conclude that 5-HT increases the potassium conductance of NG-cell membranes. PMID- 7139313 TI - Short time scale interactions between brain stem neurons with sympathetic nerve related activity. AB - Cross-correlation analysis revealed short time scale (ms) interactions between closely adjacent cat brain stem neurons with sympathetic nerve-related activity. The incidence of such interactions was significantly greater for reticular neurons than for raphe neurons. Shared input and/or interconnection via mono- or oligosynaptic pathways are considered as mechanisms for synchronization of the discharges of elements of the brain stem network which controls sympathetic nerve activity. PMID- 7139314 TI - Post-ictal locomotor activity in three different rat models of epilepsy. PMID- 7139315 TI - Ventromedial hypothalamic lesions eliminate anticipatory activities of restricted daily feeding schedules in the rat. AB - Anticipatory activities which precede food delivery under restricted daily feeding schedules were compared in rats with septal, suprachiasmatic and ventromedial hypothalamic lesions. Whereas rats with lesions of the septal nucleus and of the suprachiasmatic nucleus showed a normal pattern of increase in activity several hours prior to feeding, the rats with the ventromedial hypothalamic lesions did not show any activity bouts prior to feeding time. The semi-circular knife cut anterior to the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus also eliminated the anticipatory activities. These findings suggest that the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus is required to produce the anticipatory activities of restricted daily feeding schedules. PMID- 7139316 TI - Differential subsensitivity of dopaminergic and neostriatal neurons to apomorphine with long-term treatment. AB - The apomorphine-induced inhibition of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the rat was significantly attenuated following 2 daily injections of 0.05, 0.5 or 2.0 mg/kg apomorphine for 5 consecutive days. In fact, many of these neurons responded with an increase in firing rate which was never observed in control animals. Neostriatal neurons, on the other hand, decreased their sensitivity to apomorphine only after long-term treatment with 0.5 or 2.0 mg/kg. Multiple injections of the low dose actually potentiated the apomorphine-induced inhibition in the neostriatum. These results, which are consistent with the differential sensitivity of dopaminergic and neostriatal neurons to acute apomorphine, suggest that the subsensitivity of pre- and postsynaptic dopamine receptors produced by long-term apomorphine treatment is dose-dependent. PMID- 7139317 TI - Regional concentrations of noradrenaline and dopamine in the frontal cortex of the rat: dopaminergic innervation of the prefrontal subareas and lateralization of prefrontal dopamine. AB - Catecholamine levels in the two subareas of the prefrontal cortex and in one non prefrontal region of the rat frontal lobe were measured radioenzymatically. In contrast with noradrenaline (NA), the distribution of dopamine (DA) in the frontal lobe is markedly heterogeneous. DA levels of the orbitofrontal and medial prefrontal subarea are, respectively, 3 and 4 times higher than those of a non prefrontal region of the frontal lobe, confirming the expectation of neuroanatomical findings. Furthermore, it appears that at the population level, DA levels of the medial prefrontal subarea are lateralized, the left hemisphere being significantly higher than the right hemisphere. PMID- 7139318 TI - Meningeal relations of the rat hypothalamo-hypophyseal system. Extravascular fluid spaces in and around the median eminence. AB - Meningeal relations of the rat pituitary and basal hypothalamus including the pituitary stalk and median eminence, were studied by both light and electron microscopy, and by ink perfusion techniques. The dura mater encapsulates the pituitary gland. The arachnoid covers the basal surface of the hypothalamus except the caudal two-thirds of the median eminence and the pituitary stalk. No arachnoidea, i.e. no subarachnoideal space, was found in the sella. Pia mater covers the entire basal surface of the hypothalamus, including the median eminence and the pituitary stalk, but encapsulates only the posterior lobe of the pituitary. The superficial portal vessels (primary plexus and portal veins) are located in the subdural space, covered by the pia mater. The deep vessels in the median eminence are surrounded by the perivascular space, which is bordered by the vascular and neuropil basement membranes, and separated from the external fluid space around the median eminence only by the pia mater. This special topography suggests that molecules present in the portal vessels or in the cerebrospinal fluid, or in and around the pituitary gland, readily move from one liquid space to another. PMID- 7139319 TI - Activation of lateral geniculate neurons by locus coeruleus or dorsal noradrenergic bundle stimulation: selective blockade by the alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin. AB - Presentation of a stimulus train to the locus coeruleus (LC) or dorsal noradrenergic bundle (DB) resulted in a facilitation of the spontaneous firing of single units in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd) of the rat. These stimulation effects were blocked by the alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonists WB-4101 and prazosin. Both drugs also blocked the activation of LGNd neurons by iontophoretic norepinephrine (NE). The cholinergic agonists acetylcholine (ACh) and carbachol (CCh) activated LGNd neurons in a similar fashion to NE, however, these responses were selectively blocked by the muscarinic antagonist scopolamine. The response to ACh was also sensitive to WB-4101 suggesting that the drug possesses some cholinergic blocking activity. In contrast to WB-4101, prazosin displayed a high degree of selectivity for noradrenergic but not cholinergic responses. On the basis of the observation that prazosin selectively antagonizes both the stimulation effects and iontophoretic NE (but not CCh), we conclude that activation of LGNd neurons by LC or DB stimulation is mediated predominantly via the release of NE from coeruleo-geniculate fibers, rather than the inadvertent activation of a cholinergic pathway. Moreover, inasmuch as the systemic administration of prazosin effectively blocks central noradrenergic neurotransmission at doses comparable to those used clinically, the possibility that prazosin exerts its antihypertensive action in part via a central mechanism requires further investigation. PMID- 7139320 TI - Effects of long duration odor exposure on the unit activity of olfactory bulb cells in awake rabbits. AB - Recordings of single unit activity before, during and after a 1-h continuous exposure were made from the mitral cell layer of the olfactory bulbs of awake rabbits. Thirteen complete 1-h exposures were performed using 8 neurons, while a further 6 neurons were lost before the end of the exposure. During the first few minutes of exposure, a respiration-related synchronization of firing activity occurred which was similar to that of the pre-exposure 5-s stimulations with the same odor. This discharge patterning continued for the full duration of some exposures but disappeared within a few minutes for others. In all cases, a response to the exposure odor, although reduced in amplitude, was evident 6 min after the exposure had been terminated. This reduction was also observed for stimulations with other odors that had induced a response prior to exposure, and was always followed by a gradual recovery in the amplitude of the response. The relation between the changes in the firing activity of mitral cells during and after 1-h exposures, and adaptation phenomena observed using psychophysical methods are discussed. The absence of gross changes in firing activity are discussed with reference to 'mitral cell selective degeneration' and autoradiographic 2-deoxyglucose experiments. PMID- 7139321 TI - A new model of partial status epilepticus based on kindling. AB - In this experiment, a new model of partial status epilepticus (SE) is described which is based on the antecedent development of a kindled focus. Following kindling, the amygdala was stimulated continuously for 60 min with the previous kindling stimulus (60 Hz sine wave, 50 microA peak-to-peak). This treatment provoked SE in 22 of 35 rats. Without drug intervention, rats spontaneously recovered (SR group) from the seizure between 10 and 24 h. After recovery from SE, after discharge (AD) thresholds were elevated and remained so for the 2 weeks before sacrifice. The histologies of these SR rats indicated massive gliosis and degeneration of the ipsilateral hemisphere, extending from the medial olfactory bulb, through the amygdala-pyriform cortex to the ventral hippocampus. Damage was observed frequently in the midline thalamic nuclei and hippocampal CA1 fields. Interruption of the SE with Nembutal 30 min after the stimulation offset (30 Min group) was occasionally associated with slight gliosis at the kindled electrode, whereas interruption after 4 h of SE (4 Hr group) resulted in more extensive cell loss. The AD thresholds of the 30 Min group, like those of the rats which did not develop SE (NSE group), returned to near-normal values by 2 weeks after SE; only the NSE rats exhibited generalized seizures to their AD threshold stimulus. This model of SE results in brain pathology similar to that found in other models, but has the advantage of being uncontaminated by exogenous chemicals and toxins. PMID- 7139322 TI - Isolation of a protein from bovine brain which promotes neurite extension from chick embryo cerebral cortex neurons in defined medium. AB - Seven-day-old chick embryo cerebral cortex neurons cultured at low density (10,000 cells/16 mm well) in defined medium in polylysine-coated wells fail to extend neurites and assume a flattened phase-dark morphology. Addition of soluble bovine brain extract promotes neurite outgrowth and rounding of the cell body (which becomes phase-bright). A quantitative bioassay was utilized to purify this neurite extension factor (NEF), based on counting the number of phase-bright neurons with processes at least equal to one cell body diameter after 20 h in culture. Using a combination of heat treatment, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, and gel filtration, an acidic protein with a native Mr = 75,000 has been purified. Upon reduction it yields subunits of Mr = 37,000. Purified fractions are active at 100 ng/ml in inducing neurite outgrowth in this bioassay. PMID- 7139323 TI - Turnover of brain postsynaptic densities after selective deafferentation: detection by means of an antibody to antigen PSD-95. AB - Antibodies to antigen PSD-95, a neuronal protein present only in postsynaptic densities (PSDs), have been used to follow immunohistochemically the loss and recovery of PSDs after selective deafferentation of both the hippocampal formation and the lateral septal nucleus of the rat. Three days after unilateral entorhinal ablation, densitometry of brain tissue sections stained by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method showed a decrease of about 25% in the outer 2/3 of the ipsilateral dentate gyrus molecular layer (ML), whereas staining in the inner 1/3 of the same ML layer actually increased about 16%. The intensely staining inner 1/3 of the deafferented ML expanded over time so that by 30 days postlesion the expansion had reached 60-70% of the ML. In the lateral septal nucleus, unilateral fimbria transection did not change either the pattern of anti PSD PAP staining or that of [125I]protein A binding as revealed by autoradiography or by microdissection of the lateral septal nuclei to determine bound radioactivity by gamma-counting. Bilateral intraventricular injection of kainic acid to destroy area CA3 of the ipsilateral hippocampus caused very little loss of anti-PSD stain in the dentate gyrus ML, but decreased by 45% and 34% the intensity of stain in stratum radiatum and stratum oriens of the hippocampus, respectively. However, bilateral injections of doses of kainate high enough to destroy areas CA3, CA4 and part of CA1, caused 53% loss of stain in the inner 1/3 of the dentate gyrus ML. Recovery from the PSD loss caused by kainate in area CA1 was slow, only 67-81% of control by 90 days post-lesion. The immunohistochemical results in dentate gyrus and septum corresponded closely with quantitative data obtained by electron microscopy. Therefore, the response of PSDs to the loss of their presynaptic counterpart appears to depend on the overall extent of deafferentation of the neuron, the zone of the dendritic tree where deafferentation occurs and, perhaps, other specific features of the target cells. PMID- 7139324 TI - Coding of gustatory information in the pontine parabrachial nuclei of the rabbit: magnitude of neural response. AB - An electrophysiological analysis was carried out on 82 neurons in the parabrachial nuclei to study coding of gustatory stimuli. The magnitude of neural discharge evoked by two concentrations of each of 4 basic taste stimuli were subjected to two types of analyses to evaluate neuronal specificity and across element spatial patterning in the coding of taste quality. Results were compared and contrasted to those in rodents. Profiles of taste response of individual neurons were analyzed mathematically by Q-technique principal components analysis and cluster analysis to identify basic neuronal patterns of response. Four distinct patterns emerged which, based on the average profiles of response, were characterized as: NaCl-dominant, NaCl-HCl, sucrose-dominant, and non-specific. Analysis of the NaCl- and sucrose-dominant types of neurons indicated that neurons with the most narrowly tuned patterns of response to the taste stimuli could not effectively code specific taste qualities. Comparison of interstimulus correlations in magnitude of response across neurons between qualitatively different tastants and intrastimulus correlations between intensities of given tastants also revealed difficulties with the spatial pattern model of coding. The discrepant findings raise questions about an assumption utilized in the analysis of the model, viz., that all elements contribute homogeneously to the patterning code. PMID- 7139325 TI - Coding of gustatory information in the pontine parabrachial nuclei of the rabbit: temporal patterns of neural response. AB - As an extension of the analysis of magnitude of response to gustatory stimuli in the parabrachial nuclei5, this study sought to determine to what extent time course of neural response coded information about taste quality. A principal components analysis and stepwise discriminant analysis were used to evaluate stimulus-related differences in time course of response. Temporal patterns of response over an 8.192 s period to the 4 basic types of taste stimuli were discriminated from one another at about twice chance level. The discrimination of different qualities of taste by time course exceeded discrimination of different intensities of the stimuli. Analysis of time course restricted to the first 2,048 s of response again revealed significant overall differentiation of the stimuli, but only NaCl and sucrose were individually discriminated. Temporally coded information about gustatory stimuli, particularly in terms of onset characteristics of response, appeared inadequate for perceptual differentiation of taste quality. Such coding might, however, complement an across-neuron spatial pattern code for taste quality in simplifying the decoding of taste input for control of reflexive responses that entail a more inclusive classification of taste stimuli. PMID- 7139326 TI - Activity of serotonin-containing neurons in the nucleus raphe pallidus of freely moving cats. AB - Serotonergic neurons within nucleus raphe pallidus (NRP) of freely moving cats initially were distinguished by their slow (less than 8 Hz), regular discharge and long duration (mean = 2.3 ms) action potentials. The activity of serotonergic NRP neurons was highest during active waking (mean = 4.85 +/- 0.37 spikes/s) and gradually slowed, with little change in firing pattern, during the transition from waking through slow wave sleep (middle of SWS: mean = 3.76 +/- 0.36 spikes/s). In REM sleep there was a precipitous decrease in firing rate (mean = 0.92 +/- 0.23 spikes/s) and loss of discharge regularity. Although there was no significant difference in firing rate between active and quiet waking, discharge rates were significantly increased during transient elevations of the EMG, but these rate increases usually were associated with specific motor behaviors only. The activity of serotonergic NRP neurons during SWS was not related to the occurrence of either sleep spindles in the cortical EEG or PGO waves recorded from the lateral geniculate nucleus. These neurons also were relatively unresponsive to phasic auditory or visual stimuli, with most of the neurons examined showing weak excitatory responses. Activity of all serotonergic NRP neurons tested was suppressed (mean = -81.3 +/- 4.3%) by the serotonergic agonist 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (250 micrograms/kg, i.m.). The results of this study are compared with those previously reported for serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus of freely moving cats and the issue of homogeneity in central serotonergic systems is discussed. PMID- 7139327 TI - The influence of the paraventriculo-spinal pathway, and oxytocin and vasopressin on sympathetic preganglionic neurones. AB - In anaesthetized rats the effect of two procedures was studied on antidromically identified sympathetic preganglionic neurones (SPN) in the second thoracic (T) segment of the spinal cord: the application of iontophoresed oxytocin and vasopressin, and bipolar electrical stimulation of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN). In the majority of cases (16/23) oxytocin inhibited SPN firing, 1/23 being excited. Vasopressin inhibited 8/14 neurones and excited 4/14. PVN stimulation inhibited SPN apparently by an action on the membrane of SPN. The possibility that oxytocin and vasopressin act as transmitters in the paraventriculo-spinal pathway, and their possible involvement in the mediation of PVN evoked inhibition of SPN activity has been discussed. PMID- 7139328 TI - Inhibition of milk ejection by a visual stimulus in lactating rats: implication of the pineal gland. AB - The effect of visual and auditory stimuli on milk ejection during suckling was studied in normal and pinealectomized lactating rats. The photic and auditory stimuli were applied to each mother for 10 s every 20 s during the 30 min suckling period. Both stimuli inhibited milk ejection without altering the nursing behavior. In mothers kept in complete darkness or in which the visual stimulus shone continuously during the suckling period, milk ejection was not affected. The inhibition of milk ejection is therefore produced by the light on off sequence. In lactating rats exposed to the stimulus during 3 consecutive days, a significant inhibition of milk ejection was obtained each day. A normal milk-ejection response occurred in both non-stimulated pinealectomized and in stimulated pinealectomized lactating rats. Pinealectomy did not prevent the inhibitory effect of the sound stimulus. Treatment with methysergide prevented the inhibition of milk ejection induced by the visual stimulus but did not prevent the inhibitory effect of the auditory stimulus. It seems that the pineal gland mediates an inhibitory visual reflex acting on oxytocin release and milk ejection. PMID- 7139329 TI - Participation of the lateral midbrain tegmentum in the neuroendocrine control of sexual behavior and lactation in the rat. AB - Electrolytic lesions were placed in the ventrolateral midbrain and their effects on lactational performance and sexual behavior were assessed. The neuronal injury, situated just above the lateral tip of the substantia nigra in the lateral tegmentum, caused an immediate impairment in lactational performance as measured by the weight gain of the offspring, and interfered also with the hormonal induction of sexual receptivity and proceptivity. In similarly lesioned male rats, mounting behavior was virtually absent, but nociceptive thresholds and locomotor activity in the open-field remained unaltered. It seems likely that some, but not all, of these effects were due to disruption of a pathway carrying somatosensory information relevant for lactation and sexual behavior. PMID- 7139330 TI - Septal transplants restore maze learning in rats with fornix-fimbria lesions. AB - In a study of the capacity of neural grafts to promote functional recovery in rats with fimbria-fornix lesions, 5 groups of rats were studied behaviourally and with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry: (1) sham-operated controls; (2) bilateral fimbria-fornix lesions; (3) bilateral lesions plus bilateral solid embryonic septal grafts to the lesion cavity; (4) bilateral lesions plus bilateral embryonic septal suspension injections into the hippocampus; and (5) bilateral lesions plus bilateral solid embryonic locus coeruleus grafts to the lesion cavity. Seven months were allowed for growth of the grafts and reinnervation of the host hippocampus prior to behavioural testing. The control rats were able to rapidly learn a rewarded alternation task, while the performance of animals with bilateral fimbria-fornix lesions alone remained at a chance level. Both types of septal grafts (rich in cholinergic neurones) but not the locus coeruleus grafts (rich in noradrenergic neurones) reversed the impairment. Behavioural recovery correlated significantly with AChE-positive fibre ingrowth from the grafts into the denervated host hippocampus. However, the septal grafts did not ameliorate the lesion-induced disturbances in spontaneous activity or spontaneous alternation. Thus, the observed behavioural recovery appears specific to the conditioned alternation task and dependent upon cholinergic reinnervation of the hippocampus. PMID- 7139331 TI - Cytospecific properties of arterial chemosensory neurons. AB - The carotid body of the cat was reinnervated either by the carotid branch or by the glossal branch of the IXth nerve and evaluated histologically and neurophysiologically. Regenerating foreign fibers re-established 90% fewer specialized terminals on glomus cells and displayed a greatly diminished chemosensory response, compared to axons of the regenerating carotid branch. Regenerating sensory neurons appear to develop chemosensitivity as a consequence of contact with glomus cells. PMID- 7139333 TI - Salmon calcitonin in lizard brain: a possible neuroendocrine transmitter. AB - Calcitonin is a polypeptide which until recently was thought to be concerned primarily with the control of body calcium. Recent studies carried out with radioimmunoassay have demonstrated the presence of this peptide in brain and we have carried out an immunohistochemical study showing the presence of high concentrations of calcitonin in the nerve varicosities and terminals of the hypothalamus and in particular the median eminence of the lizard Lacertus muralis. The distribution of this calcitonin, which cross-reacted with anti salmon calcitonin, suggests that this polypeptide and/or its flanking peptides may function as a neuroendocrine neurotransmitter. PMID- 7139332 TI - Vibrator (vb): a spinocerebellar system degeneration with autosomal recessive inheritance in mice. AB - Vibrator (gene symbol vb), an autosomal recessive mutation, occurred spontaneously in the DBA/2J strain of mice, was rescued by a single cross to C57BL/6J and subsequent brother X sister mating, and has been mapped near shaker 2 (sh-2) and vestigial tail (vt) on chromosome 11. The name emphasizes the unusually rapid (18-20 Hz) postural action tremor expressed in juvenile homozygotes. Selected neurons in spinal cord, and later in brainstem and cerebellum, show progressive degenerative changes featuring dilated cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum in cell bodies, dendrites and axons, with eventual severe intracellular vacuolation and some cell death. PMID- 7139335 TI - Sex-related difference in the rat pituitary [Met5]-enkephalin level--altered by gonadectomy. AB - Ontogenetic study of the rat pituitary [Met5]-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity (ME-LI) revealed that a sex-related difference in the level of this peptide began at 35 days of age. By 70 days of age, the level of male ME-LI was twice that of the female. Castration reduced the ME-LI in male rats and increased the ME-LI in female rats. These results suggest a possible role of sex hormones in regulating the pituitary enkephalin system. PMID- 7139334 TI - Dorsal raphe neurons: self-inhibition by an amphetamine-induced release of endogenous serotonin. AB - A direct infusion of amphetamine into the dorsal raphe nucleus of the rat inhibited the activity of serotonergic neurons in this site. An intravenous injection of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, a serotonin autoreceptor agonist, mimicked this effect. The amphetamine-induced depression of firing rate was blocked by a subsequent injection of methiothepin, a putative serotonin autoreceptor antagonist, but not by pretreatment with a-methyl-p-tyrosine which depletes brain catecholamines. Amphetamine infusions into the surrounding periaqueductal gray or brainstem reticular formation failed to change dorsal raphe activity. The results of these studies indicate that endogenous serotonin, which can be released by a direct infusion of amphetamine, suppresses neuronal activity in the dorsal raphe nucleus by a process of self-inhibition. PMID- 7139337 TI - Brain pyruvate dehydrogenase activity: regulation by phosphorylation dephosphorylation. PMID- 7139336 TI - Ovine prolactin administration modifies [3H]spiperone binding to striatal membranes of rabbits. AB - The binding of [3H]spiperone to striatal membranes from rabbit brain was evaluated in untreated male and female and in female rabbits after treatment with ovine prolactin (1 mg/kg, i.v.) or with saline. Unsubstantial differences were found between male and female striatal [3H]spiperone binding sites, both in affinity and density. Ovine prolactin treatment induced an increased binding site density and a lower affinity than occurred in the female controls. These results appear similar to those obtained after chronic neuroleptic treatment and confirm that prolactin is able to affect the dopaminergic neurotransmission system. PMID- 7139338 TI - Central correlates of peripheral pattern alterations in the trigeminal system of the rat. III. Neurons of the principal sensory nucleus. AB - We provide evidence that the discrete clustered distribution of the trigeminothalamic projection neurons in the principal sensory nucleus of the trigeminal is dependent on the integrity of the trigeminal nerve during development. Nerve section at birth abolishes all evidence of cellular clustering in the principal sensory nucleus, while more discrete damage to specific rows of follicles results in changes in the cellular clustering pattern only in the portion of the nucleus related to the afflicted rows of vibrissae. PMID- 7139339 TI - Ontogenesis of glucose sensitivity in the rat lateral hypothalamus: a brain slice study. AB - The development of glucose-sensitive neurons in the lateral hypothalamus (LHA) brain slices was examined. In 60-100-day-old rats, 20% of LHA neurons were sensitive, that is, their firing rates decreased upon increase in the glucose concentration in the perfusate and increased upon decrease in glucose concentration. In 2-, 3- and 7-day-old rats, 16% of the neurons were glucose sensitive. Results confirm glucose-sensitivity in the LHA at a very early stage of ontogeny. PMID- 7139341 TI - The effect of visual deprivation upon the Meynert cell in the striate cortex of the cat. AB - The 'solitary cell' of Meynert has been studied during postnatal development in the normal cat and in kittens reared either with unilateral or bilateral eyelid suture, or in the dark. Following dark-rearing there was a marked reduction in the frequency with which Meynert cells could be distinguished compared with the normal, but the effects of eyelid suture were mild. These observations were confirmed in a semi-quantitative study and they indicate that this distinct morphological class of neurone in the striate cortex of the cat may be affected by abnormal visual experience during the critical period. PMID- 7139340 TI - Butyrate-induced increase in neuron-specific enolase and ornithine decarboxylase in anaplastic glioma cells. AB - Butyrate treatment results in the rapid formation of processes on F98 anaplastic glioma cells. The morphological differentiation occurs more rapidly and to a greater extent than that induced by nerve growth factor (NGF). The incorporation of [3H]thymidine is virtually stopped 1 day after treatment of F98 cells with sodium butyrate. Butyrate also caused a large increase in ornithine decarboxylase activity in F98 cells between 6 and 12 h after treatment. This was inhibited by both cycloheximide and actinomycin-D. NGF did not cause these effects. Butyrate also caused an increase in neuron-specific enolase (NSE) content in F98 cells. This effect appeared to be specific for butyrate. Since NSE induction is characteristic only of neurons and neuroendocrine cells, this finding indicates that butyrate is capable of inducing biochemical differentiation along neuronal lines in undifferentiated glioma cells. PMID- 7139342 TI - Modulation of NGF-induced survival of chick sympathetic neurons by contact with a conditioned medium factor bound to the culture substrate. PMID- 7139343 TI - Neurogenesis in the central visual pathways of the golden hamster. AB - Neurogenesis in the lateral geniculate body, superior colliculus and suprachiasmatic nucleus takes place on fetal day 9.5 through 13. The visual cortex is produced on fetal day 10 through postnatal day 1. Thus in spite of the short gestation period of the hamster, 15.75 days, neurons in the central visual nuclei (expect for the outer cortical layers) are produced before birth. PMID- 7139345 TI - Olfactory granule cell development in normal and hyperthyroid rats. AB - Dendritic development was examined in olfactory bulbs of both normal 7-, 14-, 21- and 60-day-old rats and littermates treated on postnatal days 1-4 with 1 microgram/g body weight of L-thyroxine sodium. Tissue was processed via the Golgi Cox technique and subjected to quantitative analyses of mitral and internal layer granule cell development. These populations of granule cells were selected because their pattern of late proliferation suggested potentially greater susceptibility to postnatal hormonal alterations. Although neonatal hyperthyroidism induces widespread acceleration of maturation, including precocious chemosensitivity, granule cell development was unaffected relative to littermate controls. Both normal and hyperthyroid groups exhibited an inverted U shaped pattern of cellular development, with rapid dendritic dendritic growth and expansion occurring during the earliest ages tested, but with loss of processes and dendritic field size occurring after day 21. PMID- 7139346 TI - Timing of motoneuron death in the brachial and lumbar regions of the chick embryo. AB - Motoneuron death was studied in the brachial and lumbar regions of the chick embryo spinal cord. Degenerating cells were found at the earliest stage examined in both regions (stage 29 in the brachial region and stage 28 in the lumbar region). In the lumbar region this was accompanied by a large decrease in observed motoneuron number from stage 28 until stage 36. In the brachial region only a slight fall was seen before stage 34, suggesting that the observed count may not be a reliable measure of motoneuron death at these early stages. In contrast to the lumbar region, motoneuron death continued until stage 44 in the brachial region. This difference at the later stages was shown, by amputating the early limb bud, to be unrelated to the time at which motoneurons become limb dependent. PMID- 7139344 TI - Changes in MEPP and EPP amplitude distributions in the mouse diaphragm during synapse formation and degeneration. AB - Miniature end-plate potential (MEPP) and end-plate potential (EPP) amplitude histograms were examined in the mouse diaphragm during degeneration, deterioration, re-innervation and neonatal development. MEPPs and EPPs were recorded with conventional electrophysiological techniques. Control MEPP amplitude distributions from mice 21-30 days old showed two classes of MEPPs. The larger class composed 80-90% of the MEPPs and formed a bell-shaped distribution (bell-MEPPs). The smaller class (skew-MEPPs) formed a skewed distribution with a peak 1/7 to 1/15 that of bell-MEPPs. Usually, MEPP amplitude distributions did not change during the course of nerve degeneration or during deterioration in the bath. MEPP amplitude distributions from newly re-innervated fibers were composed mainly of skew-MEPPs. At later stages of re-innervation the relative numbers of skew-MEPPs decreased. Many fibers from neonatal mice (2-3 days old) also showed mainly skew-MEPPs. Rise time vs amplitude plots were constructed from neonatal and re-innervating preparations. The skew-MEPP time-to-peak measurements fell on or below the regression line calculated from the time-to-peak data of the bell MEPPs. This indicates that the skew-MEPPs originated from the same site as the bell-MEPPs. Unitary EPPs were recorded from neonatal and re-innervating preparations by reducing the evoked response with cobalt ions (4 mM). Distributions of unitary EPPs were similar to those of bell-MEPPs. It is concluded that there are two classes of spontaneous quanta. The skew-MEPP class dominates MEPP amplitude distributions during the early stages of re-innervation and early neonatal preparations. In all stages of development the unitary evoked EPPs have the same mean amplitude and time-to-peak as the bell-MEPPs. The data suggest that the skew class is not available for evoked release. PMID- 7139347 TI - Acetylcholine receptors and cholinesterase in developing chick skeletal muscle fibers. AB - The developmental changes in the distribution of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) and cholinesterase (ChE) were investigated in the posterior latissimus dorsi (PLD) muscle of chick embryos by double staining with rhodamine-labeled erabutoxin b (TMR-Eb) for AChRs and Karnovsky's method for ChE. During the development, the TMR-Eb and ChE positive areas changed in their shapes and sizes. In early stages, the TMR-Eb positive areas appeared as fine fluorescent dots of about 0.3 micrometer in diameter or small aggregates of such dots. These areas then became enlarged and exhibited the following sequential changes in their configuration: spindle-, round-, ring-, C- and finally tree-shaped. The transformation in the configuration of the areas appeared to be caused by the changes of the fluorescent dots in their number and distribution. Simultaneous staining with ChE revealed that at early stages the TMR-Eb positive areas were not stained with ChE, but then they were stained later. The ChE deposits usually accumulated at the borders of the TMR-Eb positive areas and thereby outlined them. Electron microscopy using horseradish peroxidase-labeled erabutoxin b revealed that the fluorescent dots represent the discrete regions of high AChR concentration at the muscle membrane. PMID- 7139348 TI - Postnatal development in the serotonin content of brain visual structures. AB - The serotonin content in various structures of the geniculate and extrageniculate visual system throughout the postnatal development period has been investigated. The results indicate that in all structures studied there is a increase in the content of serotonin. However, each structure showed a different developmental profile of serotonin levels. PMID- 7139350 TI - Effects of neonatal thyroidectomy on the development of the vomeronasal organ in the rat. AB - The effects of postnatal thyroidectomy (on day 8 after birth) and 131I treatment (on day 10) on the development of the vomeronasal organ (VO) has been studied In the rat. Thyroidectomized rats showed decrements in the overall VO volume, volume of the neurosensorial epithelium, neuronal population and nuclear size of neurons. These results in VO paralleled those reported in the central nervous system after thyroidectomy. PMID- 7139349 TI - Early barbiturate treatment eliminates peak serum thyroxine levels in neonatal mice and produces ultrastructural damage in the brains of adults. AB - Serum thyroxine levels peak sharply at the end of the second postnatal week in mice. Treating neonatal mice with barbiturates (PhB) completely eliminates this marked thyroxine (T4) peak without significantly affecting nonpeak levels at other ages. PhB treatment at this same time also establishes or induces long lasting degenerative processes that continue to result in ultrastructural neural deficits in adults, long after treatment has been discontinued. Similar neural deficits have been observed in animals which were deficient in T4 during this same period of development. PMID- 7139351 TI - Effects of sex steroids on the development of the vomeronasal organ in the rat. AB - In the present report the effects of postnatal (on day 1 after birth) male castration and female androgenization on vomeronasal organ (VO) development were studied. Control males showed greater values than females in VO volume and neurosensorial epithelium, while the opposite was true with respect to nuclear size. Postnatal treatments abolished these differences. It is suggested that the VO development is influenced by sexual hormones during at least a postnatal period as it occurs for several structures of the central nervous system connected with the VO. PMID- 7139352 TI - Behavioral consequences of early visual exposure to contours of a single orientation. AB - Kittens were reared with goggles which presented horizontal stripes to both eyes, vertical stripes to both eyes, or horizontal stripes to one eye (HE) and vertical to the other (VE). Acuity was lower than in normally-reared cats, and the axis of best acuity did not correspond to the orientation experienced during rearing. In contrast, there were consistent differences in discrimination between two lines differing in orientation which did reflect visual experience. VE was more accurate in detecting differences in the orientation of near-vertical contours and HE was more accurate in detecting differences of near-horizontal contours. PMID- 7139354 TI - Visual attention and neuronal firing patterns in the feline pulvinar nucleus of thalamus. AB - In behaving cats, temporal patterns of neuronal firing were studied during slow wave sleep (SWS), motionless quiet wakefulness (QW) coupled with specific direction of the animal's attention, and during bar pressing performance (BP) for milk reward. The analysis was based on relative relations between sequential spike intervals. The strength of the method is based on the fact that the probabilities of occurrence of patterns are determined by the history of a spike train. During SWS, the neuronal firing modes closely followed the theoretical model of independent distribution of intervals, whereas during QW and BP specific for each neuron departures from the model, i.e., patterning was observed. Most importantly, in seven chronically studied neurons idiosyncratic patterns were related to direction of the animal's attention, and, very likely, to the visual forms the animals gazed at, because the patterns disappeared in the dark and during SWS without major changes in the mean firing rate. The replications of patterns upon recurrence of a particular direction of attention was proven statistically. The constancy and idiosyncrasy of these patterns were apparent even though the comparable episodes occurred several hours apart, and the animals slept and/or ate in between, and the distance, i.e., the retinal size of visual forms varied from one episode to another. On the basis of correlative evidence, it was argued that, compared to more abstract modes of information processing, the identification and quantification of patterns based on relative relations between intervals require the least amount of storage of intermediate results. Hence, these patterns are likely to represent a simple and phylogenetically old principle of communication between neurons. It was postulated that the idiosyncrasy and invariance of patterns may play a role in constancy of feature extraction and Gestalt perception. PMID- 7139353 TI - Myelination in organotypic cultures of sympathetic ganglia. AB - Explants of mouse superior cervical ganglion (SCG), co-cultured with dorsal spinal cord, were grown for up to 4 weeks in vitro. In such cultures, scattered internodes of peripheral nervous system (PNS) myelin were observed, apparently associated with SCG neurites. Although rare, the incidence of PNS myelination in this system might merit further experimentation to provide a model facilitating the evaluation of postganglionic sympathetic myelination, which in vivo may be both extensive and morphologically unusual. PMID- 7139355 TI - Effect of sulpiride, an atypical neuroleptic, on apomorphine-induced growth hormone secretion. AB - Sulpiride (100 mg IM), an atypical neuroleptic, which does not block dopamine (DA) receptors that are linked to adenylate cyclase, abolished the growth hormone (GH) response to the DA receptor agonist, apomorphine (Apo) HCl (0.5 mg SC) in seven healthy male subjects. These results suggest that Apo increases GH secretion in man by an effect on DA receptors that are not linked to adenylate cyclase. PMID- 7139356 TI - Lateral hypothalamic injection of bombesin decreases food intake in rats. AB - The effect of lateral hypothalamic injections of bombesin on feeding behavior was examined. Rats equipped with stainless steel cannulas directed toward the lateral hypothalamus received bilateral injections of bombesin prior to access to a liquid test diet after a 3 hr food deprivation. Bombesin in doses of 5 ng, 50 ng and 100 ng produced significant reductions in the size of the first meal. Injection of 50 ng of the biologically weak analogue [D-Trp8] bombesin had no effect. Injection of 5 ng or 50 ng of bombesin had no effect on deprivation induced water intake, and injection of 50 ng of bombesin had no effect on body temperature. The food and water intake data and direct quantitative behavioral measures indicated that lateral hypothalamic injections of bombesin specifically reduced food intake. The structure-activity relationship for this effect was similar to those for other actions of bombesin. A bombesin-like peptide in the lateral hypothalamus or its receptors may play a role in postprandial satiety. PMID- 7139357 TI - Lateral hypothalamus neuron responses to electroosmotic 2-deoxy-D-glucose. AB - Electroosmotic applications of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) were made in the lateral hypothalamus (LHA). Changes in LHA unit activity and concomitant gastric acid secretion were then observed 2-DG responsive neurons tended to form two clusters in the LHA. Electroosmotic application induced four patterns of activity change in different LHA neurons. Gastric acid secretion increased when LHA unit activity increased. Results presented here agree with prior reports of hypophagia after precise lesions in this LHA region and other reports of 2-DG induced hyperphagia which might be mediated through central neurons. PMID- 7139358 TI - Mechanism of inhibition by the amygdala in the lateral hypothalamic area of rats. AB - The inhibition of neuronal activity in the lateral hypothalamus (LHA) of the rat by the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (AL) was investigated by analyzing evoked potentials, single unit discharges and intracellular synaptic potentials. A single volley to the AL induced a negative-positive-wave in the LHA. The negative-wave threshold was lower than that of the positive wave. Analysis of depth profiles showed that the negative- and positive-waves appeared first at the dorsal margin of the LHA, peaked within the LHA, and were clearly different from each other. The effects of acute lesions showed the negative-wave to be conducted through the direct amygdalo-hypothalamic pathway. The positive-wave: through the stria terminalis. Stimulation of the stria terminalis produced positive evoked potentials with latencies shorter than those of the positive-waves. When conditioning and test stimuli were delivered to the AL, the negative-wave was inhibited for about 90 msec by the evoked positive-wave. Single AL stimuli evoked single unit discharges followed by inhibition of spontaneous firing for about 100 msec. Single stria terminalis stimuli inhibited spontaneous firing for the duration of the positive evoked potential. Intracellular LHA recording during single AL stimuli showed the presence of an EPSP followed by a 100 msec long lasting IPSP. The negative and positive extracellular potentials corresponded to these synaptic potentials. Inward current injection of 1 to 1.4 nA reversed the IPSP's indicating a -15 mV hyperpolarization difference between the IPSP reversal potential and the resting potential in LHA cells. The ionic mechanism of the IPSP is also discussed. PMID- 7139359 TI - Responses of preoptic thermosensitive neurons to medial forebrain bundle stimulation. AB - Single-unit responses of neurons in the preoptic and anterior hypothalamus (PO/AH) to local thermal stimulation and electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) were studied in urethane-anesthetized male rats. In a total of 286 units (112 warm-units, 37 cold-units and 137 thermally insensitive units), 109 units (49 warm-units, 13 cold-units and 47 thermally insensitive units) responded to single pulse stimulation of MFB. The units initially inhibited by MFB stimulation corresponded to 64.2% (70 of 109), the units with facilitatory responses were 27.5% (30 of 109) and the antidromically activated units were 8.3% (9 of 109). High incidence of inhibition by noradrenaline (NA) applied iontophoretically was observed in the neurons inhibited by the MFB stimulation. Iontophoretic application of dichloroisoproterenol to 2 warm-units blocked both the NA-induced inhibition and the MFB-induced inhibition. These ascending and descending connections of the MFB with PO/AH thermosensitive neurons may be part of the neural circuits responsible for thermoregulation. PMID- 7139360 TI - Responses of preoptic thermosensitive neurons to mediobasal hypothalamic stimulation. AB - Single-unit responses of preoptic-anterior hypothalamic (PO/AH) thermosensitive neurons to electrical stimulation of the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH: ventromedial and arcuate nuclei) have been studied in urethane-anesthetized male rats. About half of thermosensitive neurons (46.4% of 69 warm-units and 50% of 28 cold-units) were initially inhibited following MBH stimulation with latencies up to 51.2 msec, while only 29.7% of 91 thermally insensitive units showed the inhibitory response. Orthodromic excitation of spontaneous activity was observed in 17.6% of the units (13.0% of warm-units, 14.3% of cold-units and 21.9% of insensitive units) with the onset latencies between 1.0 and 41.3 msec. A small proportion of neurons (5.3%) were antidromically activated by MBH stimulation, and the estimated conduction velocities of these neurons ranged from 0.11 to 0.67 m/sec. The results suggest reciprocal connections between PO/AH thermosensitive neurons and MBH, which may play some roles in thermoregulation and, also, in functional interactions between thermoregulation and other vital functions controlled in the hypothalamus. PMID- 7139362 TI - Thermosensitive neurons in slice preparations of rat medulla oblongata. AB - With extracellular recording, we examined thermosensitive neurons in slices of a possible thermosensitive region in the dorsal medulla oblongata of rats. In addition to temperature insensitive neurons, warm- and cold-sensitive neurons were recorded in vitro. The firing rates of many warm- and cold-sensitive neurons responded transiently to temporal changes in slice temperature with "overshoots" and/or "reverse overshoots." In a steady state, warm-sensitive neurons were similar in thermoresponsiveness to those studied previously in the CNS in vivo. Cold-sensitive neurons were unique in that. Most of them were silent at the normal core temperature of 38 degrees C and fired only below their own threshold temperatures (2-6 degrees C below normal). PMID- 7139361 TI - Electrophysiological and behavioral evidence of interaction of dopaminergic and gustatory afferents in the amygdala. AB - Electrical stimulation of the pontine parabrachial nucleus (PPN) and the lateral aspect of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) was observed to influence the activity of single neurons in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CNA). For a large proportion of CNA neurons there were convergent inputs from PPN and VTA. Injecting either apomorphine a dopamine agonist or spiroperidol a dopamine antagonist into the CNA significantly increased the consumption of 1.5% NaCl solution with no change of water intake in a two-bottle preference test. There was no change in preference for the hypertonic NaCl solution when a combination of apomorphine and spiroperidol was injected into the CNA. These observations suggest that dopaminergic projections from VTA to CNA may interact with gustatory projections from PPN to influence taste-motivated behavior. PMID- 7139363 TI - Ontogenetic development of rhythmic thalamo-cortical phenomena in the rat. AB - Three rhythmic cortical phenomena (rhythmic after-discharges, incremental responses and self-sustained after-discharges formed by spike-and-wave rhythm) were elicited by electrical stimulation of thalamic nuclei during ontogenesis in rats. All three phenomena could be recorded for the first time at the age of 12 days and they matured until the 18th postnatal day. Possible explanation for the delayed development of these rhythmic thalamo-cortical phenomena in comparison with single thalamo-cortical responses are discussed. PMID- 7139364 TI - Suppression of tooth pulp evoked responses by activation of raphe-trigeminal neurons in rat. AB - Electrical stimulation (0.1 msec duration, 50 Hz, 1 min) applied to the nucleus raphe magnus markedly suppressed the tooth pulp evoked responses in caudal part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus but only slightly altered those in its rostral area. Raphe stimulation also greatly suppressed jaw opening reflex evoked by tooth pulp stimulation, which lasted longer than suppression of spinal trigeminal nucleus. PMID- 7139365 TI - Parallel and serial processes of the prefrontal and cingulate cortical systems during behavioral learning. AB - Multiple unit activity of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the mediodorsal (MD) nucleus of the thalamus was recorded during differential conditioning of a locomotory (wheel-rotation) avoidance response. The positive and negative conditional stimuli (CS+ and CS-) were pure tones (l kHz and 8 kHz), and the unconditional stimulus was a footshock (1.5-2.0 mA) delivered through the grid floor of the wheel apparatus. A principal objective was to compare the development during training of CS-related neuronal activity in the PFC and MD nucleus, to that obtained in past studies of the adjacent limbic mesocorticothalamic system (the cingulate cortex and the anteroventral (AV) thalamic nucleus). The results indicated that these systems perform associative processing of task-related stimuli in parallel: as in the cingulate cortex, discriminative neuronal discharges (greater discharges to the CS+ than to the CS ) developed in the PFC in the earliest training stage, before incipient discriminative behavior, and as in the AV nucleus, discriminative discharges in the MD nucleus developed in a later training stage. Nevertheless the possibilities of serial processing and intercausality in these systems was suggested by the finding that discriminative activity in the PFC and MD nucleus developed at briefer latencies and earlier in the course of trials than in the cingulate cortex and the AV nucleus. PMID- 7139367 TI - [Effect of radioactive water discharge on the water recipient in the surroundings of Jaslovske Bohunice]. PMID- 7139366 TI - A simple method for obtaining chronic cerebrospinal fluid samples from awake rats. AB - A simple technique is described for taking repeated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from the cisterna magna of unanesthetized rats. The technique has the advantages that inexpensive, readily available materials are used, the cannulas remain patent for extended periods of time, and large volumes of CSF can be obtained. PMID- 7139368 TI - [Study of a natural focus of tularemia in the small Carpathian Mountains]. PMID- 7139369 TI - [Microbial characteristics of the atmosphere in operating theatres in commission]. PMID- 7139370 TI - [Nitrates and nitrites in carrot with regard to alimentary methemoglobinemia in infants]. PMID- 7139371 TI - [Levels of plasma cortisol in acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7139372 TI - [Levels of thiol groups and beta-glucuronidase in cells of the injured myocardium of the rat after administration of some pharmacologically active substances]. PMID- 7139373 TI - [Serum immunoglobulins G, A, and M in acute wheezy bronchitis in small children]. PMID- 7139374 TI - [Diagnostic value of clinical features in screening for Cushing's syndrome]. PMID- 7139375 TI - [Heterotopias of the pancreas]. PMID- 7139377 TI - [Stratification of the capacity for recognition and self-control]. PMID- 7139376 TI - [The need for improving school health services after 30 years]. PMID- 7139381 TI - [The incidence of yeast organisms in respiratory diseases]. PMID- 7139380 TI - [The effect of antitussives in pathological conditions]. PMID- 7139378 TI - [Trends in mortality of malignant tumors in Bohemia and Slovakia 1949-1978]. PMID- 7139379 TI - [A new antitussive agent--Ditustat Spofa]. PMID- 7139382 TI - [Affecting the expiration reflex in rats under normal and pathological conditions using short-term inflation of the lungs]. PMID- 7139383 TI - [Bronchodilation effects of aminophylline, fenoterol and their combination]. PMID- 7139384 TI - [Respiratory insufficiency in obstructive lung diseases (case report)]. PMID- 7139385 TI - [Physical therapy as a part of rehabilitation therapy in respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 7139386 TI - [The neuropsychiatrist and his problems]. PMID- 7139388 TI - Thermoneutral zone and resting metabolic rate of growing White Leghorn-type chickens. AB - 1. Metabolic rate was determined once a week in pullets from commercial flocks of the local White Leghorn strain from the age of 1 d to 13 weeks. 2. The equations relating minimal resting metabolic rate and body weight were: for body weights of 40 to 163 g Y = 1.83 W0.986, and for 163 to 1 200 g Y = 11.64 W0.623, where Y = O2 consumption (ml/bird h) and W = body weight (g). 3. The relationship between lower critical temperature (Tcl) and age may be described by two equations: for pullets of 1 to 21 d of age Y = 35 - 0.286 X, and for 21 to 70 d of age Y = 63.3 X-0.254, where Y = Tcl (degrees C) and X = age (d). 4. Tcl related to body weight is also described by two equations: for body weights of 40 to 163 g Y = 42 - 1.18 W0.480, and for 163 to 800 g Y = 42 - 3.60 W0.260. 5. These equations could be used to calculate the Tcl on a day-to-day basis related to age or body weight. PMID- 7139387 TI - Calorimetric measurements of the energy and nitrogen metabolism of Japanese quail. AB - 1. Respiration calorimetry measurements were made over 4 d on normally-fed groups of 10 male or 10 female quail during three periods commencing at 12, 19 and 26 d of age. Carcass compositions were determined on groups of birds of each sex at 2 and 5 weeks of age. 2. Expressed per unit body weight, food and metabolisable energy (ME) intake and weight gain decreased between 2 and 3 weeks of age, but remained constant thereafter. 3. No differences were observed between sexes for any variable measured. Efficiency of utilisation of ME for energy retention was only 0.33. This was mainly because the majority of energy was retained as protein tissue. 4. Nitrogen (N) retention (g/d) increased with increasing dietary N intake but when expressed as a proportion of N intake, declined from 0.46 at 2 weeks to 0.33 at 4 weeks. Fat retention increased substantially during week 4. 5. Carcass analyses showed that fat, protein and ash were higher for quail at 5 weeks than at 2 weeks of age. At 5 weeks carcass fat was only 60 g/ kg. PMID- 7139389 TI - The effects of age, dietary fat and bile salts, and feeding rate on apparent and true metabolisable energy values in chickens. AB - 1. Apparent (AME) and true (TME) metabolisable energy values of four diets, containing 50 or 150 g animal fat or maize oil/kg, were estimated in young and adult chickens. The diets were given with and without a supplement of 5 g bile salts/kg. Three feeding rates, ad libitum, and 1/6th or 1/3rd of ad libitum were compared. 2. In younger birds, endogenous energy losses were higher when measured in starved birds than when estimated by regression analysis. 3. In young birds, feeding rate had no effect on AME of diets containing 50 g lipids/kg but it significantly affected TME. These results were reversed in adults. AME and TME values of diets containing 150 g lipids/kg were affected by the feeding rate in both young and adult birds. 4. Bile salts increased metabolisable energy values of diets containing high concentrations of saturated fatty acids and their effect was more pronounced in young birds. PMID- 7139390 TI - Responses of the reproductive vascular system during the egg-formation cycle of unanaesthetised laying hens. AB - 1. Vascular adjustments to the process of egg formation were examined in the unanaesthetised laying hen, by the radioactive microspheres method. 2. Three- to four-fold increases in blood flow were found in segments surrounding the egg during its passage along the oviduct, possibly due to an enhanced metabolic activity in the muscle layer of the oviduct. 3. Shell-gland blood flow was minimal in the absence of an egg and increased gradually to a maximum (5-fold) about 5 h after entrance of the egg into the shell gland. This parallels the rate of calcification of the egg shell. 4. Changes in blood flow in the ovarian follicles and other parts of the oviduct were small while the egg was in the shell gland. This might be typical for the reproductive system of the fowl, which undergoes little structural alteration during egg formation. PMID- 7139392 TI - The presence of Salmonellae during the rearing of turkeys. PMID- 7139391 TI - Plasma prolactin concentrations in broody turkeys: lack of agreement between homologous chicken and turkey prolactin radioimmunoassays. AB - 1. Plasma concentrations of prolactin, measured using homologous chicken or turkey prolactin radioimmunoassays, increased 2- and 9-fold, respectively in somatically mature turkey hens transferred from short (6 h light (L): 18 h dark (D)) to long (14 L:10 D) photoperiods. 2. A further increase in plasma prolactin was observed in laying hens 2 to 3 weeks before the onset of incubation. This increase was detected using the turkey prolactin assay but not the chicken prolactin assay. 3. The onset of incubation was not always associated with the cessation of egg production. Egg laying stopped in incubating hens only after plasma concentrations of prolactin were approaching their maximal values. These were 10-fold higher than the prolactin concentrations at the onset of lay. 4. The removal of clutches of eggs from incubating hens resulted in a decrease in plasma concentrations of prolactin, which was associated with the cessation of incubation in two hens which had been incubating for 52 and 47 d. The decrease was only temporary in two hens which had been incubating for 8 and 32 d. The latter two hens continued to show incubation behaviour although they were not sitting on eggs. 5. In four turkey hens which did not become broody, egg production ceased after 12 weeks exposure to 14 L:10 D. The concentration of plasma prolactin, as measured using the turkey prolactin assay, increased 2-fold during the 2 weeks before these hens stopped laying. PMID- 7139393 TI - Myxoedema and open heart surgery: anaesthesia and intensive care unit experience. AB - Myxoedema has been considered a major anaesthetic risk which could be increased by concurrent heart disease. Thyroid ablation with the production of myxoedema has, in the past, been used to control intractable angina. Eight ablated patients (Group I) and five patients with heart disease and incidental hypothyroidism (Group II) presented for open heart surgery. Management included diazepam narcotic anaesthesia in generally reduced doses, careful monitoring and the use of digoxin, steroids and I-thyroxin given during or after operation. All patients survived. A number of the anaesthetic considerations and potential problems with myxoedema are discussed. PMID- 7139394 TI - Comparison of the caffeine skinned fibre tension (CSFT) test with the caffeine halothane contracture (CHC) test in the diagnosis of malignant hyperthermia. AB - We have compared and contrasted two diagnostic tests for Malignant Hyperthermia (MH) - the Caffeine-Halothane Contracture Test and the Caffeine Skinned Fibre Tension Test. Both tests show a strongly positive relationship both with the occurrence of MH reactions and with each other. The former test is more rapid and requires less skill. The latter test can be performed on much less muscle and permits storage of the muscle over prolonged periods of time. PMID- 7139396 TI - Effect of atropine on bradydysrhythmias induced by succinylcholine following pretreatment with D-tubocurarine. AB - This study was designed to compare the effectiveness of pretreatment with the combination of d-tubocurarine and atropine with d-tubocurarine alone in preventing changes in cardiac rate and rhythm following repeated administration of succinylcholine. Sixty subjects were randomly divided into three groups of twenty. Group one received d-tubocurarine 0.04 mg.kg-1 and atropine 0.01 mg.kg-1, and group two d-tubocurarine 0.04 mg.kg-1 only, given three minutes before induction of anaesthesia. Group three received no pretreatment. Immediately following thiopentone induction succinylcholine 1 mg.kg-1 was given to all patients. A further dose of succinylcholine 1 mg.kg-1 was given to patients in the pretreatment groups following recovery of neuro-muscular function. Both pretreatment groups showed a small statistically significant fall in mean heart rate after the second dose of succinylcholine. One patient in each pretreatment group showed a fall in heart rate to less than 50 beats min-1; two patients in the group who received both d-tubocurarine and atropine, and three patients in the d-tubocurarine only group, showed a fall in heart rate of 25 per cent or more. It is concluded that the addition of atropine may be unnecessary for prevention of succinylcholine-induced bradydysrhythmias when d-tubocurarine pretreatment is given. PMID- 7139397 TI - Cardiac effects of self-taming of succinylcholine and repeated succinylcholine administration. AB - Pretreatment with small (10 mg) doses of succinylcholine ("self-taming") decreases the incidence of muscle fasciculations following succinylcholine administration and may decrease the incidence of other unwanted effects. This study was designed to assess the cardiac effects of such self-taming and to assess the degree of protection afforded against bradydysrhythmias following subsequent succinylcholine administration. Sixty patients were studied and allocated randomly to three groups of twenty. Each group was assigned a different form of pretreatment. Patients in group I received 10 mg of succinylcholine immediately after induction. Patients in group II were treated with d tubocurarine 0.04k mg . kg-1 three minutes before induction. Patients in group III received no pretreatment. All patients were induced with thiopentone 4 mg . kg-1 followed by succinylcholine 1 mg . kg-1 45 seconds later. A second dose of succinylcholine 1 mg . kg-1 was administered to the patients in the two pretreatment groups between four and five minutes after the first dose of succinylcholine. Following both the first and second doses of succinylcholine patients in the self-taming group showed a significantly greater incidence of bradydysrhythmias when compared to the other two groups. It is concluded that the use of a self-taming technique is potentially hazardous, and that it does not confer protection against repeated succinylcholine administration. PMID- 7139395 TI - Arginine vasopressin response to anaesthesia produced by halothane, enflurane and isoflurane. AB - Some of the effects of inhalational anaesthetics may be mediated by beta endorphins acting on opioid receptors. Stimulation of such receptors has been shown both to promote and to inhibit the release of arginine vasopressin (AVP). Ten rabbits were studied to determine the response of plasma AVP to a predetermined time/concentration "dose" of halothane, enflurane or isoflurane. Abolition of corneal reflex was used as a standard end-point. Plasma samples were obtained from awake animals and after exposure to the anaesthetics, the sequence being randomly assigned. No significant changes in plasma AVP concentrations were observed when predetermined time/concentration "doses" of the agents were administered to the rabbits. Anaesthesia produced by halothane, enflurane or isoflurane, therefore, is not necessarily accompanied by changes in plasma AVP. PMID- 7139398 TI - Trimethaphan-induced hypotension: effect on renal function. AB - This study was designed to evaluate the effects of trimethaphan-induced hypotension on renal function in healthy young patients undergoing maxillofacial surgery. Anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone and was maintained with halothane 1.5-2.0 per cent in oxygen. Each patient served as his own control, and data were analyzed using the paired t-test. Trimethaphan was infused at a rate of 45-52 microgram.kg-1.min-1 for an average hypotensive period of 53 +/- 4 (mean +/ SEM) minutes to reduce the mean arterial pressure (MAP) to 49 +/- 2 torr. Endogenous creatinine clearance, urinary Po2, sodium reabsorption rate (Tna), and serum and urine osmolalities were determined before, during and after arterial hypotension with trimethaphan. Urine flow averaged 2.9 +/- 1 ml/min during the period of hypotension. Endogenous creatinine clearance and Tna were significantly decreased (p less than 0.05) in the hypotensive period. These values returned to normal levels within one hour upon discontinuation of trimethaphan and restoration of blood pressure. We found no statistical difference in urine Po2, and serum and urine osmolalities during control, hypotensive and recovery periods. These results suggest that medullary renal tissue oxygenation, an index of tissue viability, may have remained adequate despite a significant reduction in endogenous creatinine clearance during the hypotensive period. Furthermore, it appears that the effect of trimethaphan-induced hypotension on renal function is similar to the sodium nitroprusside-induced hypotension in man which we have reported previously. PMID- 7139400 TI - Meperidine-promethazine combination and learning function of mice and of their progeny. AB - Twenty mice aged three to four months and trained to find food in a six compartment maze after a 24 hour fast, were divided into two equal groups. For just over one month the group which had received intraperitoneal meperidine 3 microgram.g-1 and promethazine 1.66 microgram.g-1 performed significantly slower than the group which had received intraperitoneal physiological saline. Because of this marked effect, it was decided to investigate the action of the drug combination on brain development and to assess whether it produced permanent retardation in learning function. The dams of a second group of 12 mice were, therefore, given either the same dose of drug combination or saline. At the age of seven weeks, the six pups born to dams which had received intramuscular saline and the six born to dams which were given intramuscular promethazine with meperidine performed equally well in a series of tests conducted in a T maze and in the six compartment maze after a 24 hour fast. In the T maze they had to distinguish between the presence of food provided in diminishing amounts or no food. In the six compartment maze they were tested with multiple maze pattern sequences. Meperidine and promethazine given during early labor does not permanently affect the learning function of the progeny of mice. PMID- 7139402 TI - Unusual resistance to pancuronium in severely burned patients: case reports. PMID- 7139399 TI - [Peridural analgesia with high doses of fentanyl: failure of the method for early postoperative kinesitherapy in knee surgery]. AB - Following orthopedic surgery of the lower limb, ten patients were given fentanyl 5 micrograms . kg-1 in a single epidural injection. Almost complete analgesia (P less than 0.001) was rapidly obtained. The total period of analgesia was rather short (182.3 +/- 32.1 min). The maximal analgesia period was 87 +/- 8.34 minutes. Despite this high dose of fentanyl (245 to 450 micrograms), in five patients the passive mobilization of the knee following surgery was extremely painful and, for that matter, impossible in three of them. Such high doses of fentanyl entail the risk of respiratory depression as respiratory rate is decreased (P less than 0.01) and the Pco2 is increased (P less than 0.01). Fentanyl should not be used at such high dosage and should probably not be preferred to morphine, considering that the duration of analgesia is short, that the analgesic score is identical to that obtained with lower doses or with longer lasting narcotics, that it does not prevent passive mobilization pains and that it entails a definite risk of respiratory depression. PMID- 7139401 TI - Alfathesin and etomidate for minor outpatient anaesthesia. AB - Etomidate was compared with alfathesin for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia in a double-blind fashion in 48 fit patients undergoing minor gynaecological operations as outpatients. The patients were randomized to receive either etomidate 0.3 mg . kg-1 or alfathesin 75 microliters . kg-1 as intravenous induction agents. All patients received fentanyl 1 microgram . kg-1 and breathed 70 per cent nitrous oxide in oxygen. Cardiovascular changes were minimal in both groups and there was less depression of minute volume with etomidate. The incidence of side effects including pain upon injection, involuntary movements, and postoperative nausea and vomiting was higher following etomidate. Recovery was equally rapid in both groups. No adverse reactions were seen. Alfathesin would appear to be preferable to etomidate as an induction and maintenance agent in unpremedicated fit outpatients undergoing minor gynaecological operations. PMID- 7139404 TI - Securing epidural catheters. AB - Conventional dressings do not always prevent epidural catheter movement into or out of the epidural space. Lack of transparency also prevents observation of the catheter and the puncture site. The "Op-site" surgical dressing is an adherent membrane which has prevented epidural catheter migration in 200 obstetrical patients. The transparent dressing was left uncovered in 100 of these patients so that the catheter could be readily seen and the presence of blood within the catheter could be detected at any time. PMID- 7139403 TI - A case of acute hyperpyrexia with violent shivering immediately after operation under epidural anaesthesia supplemented by nitrous oxide. PMID- 7139405 TI - Castor oil and drug absorption. PMID- 7139406 TI - Pharmacokinetics of meperidine infusion. PMID- 7139407 TI - Bacteriophages of Halobacterium halobium: isolated from fermented fish sauce and primary characterization. AB - BActeriophages infecting extremely halophilic bacteria of the genus Halobacterium have been isolated from fermented anchovy sauce. Two distinct phages, designated Hh-1 and Hh-3, have been characterized. Both Hh-1 and Hh-3 are more tolerant of suspension in solutions of low ionic strength that their host bacteria. Both Hh-1 and Hh-3 have the ability to establish a carrier state upon infection of sensitive cells of H. halobium. Bacterial cells infected with phage in the carrier state are viable, produce phages, are immune to superinfection with homologous phages, yet remain fully capable of supporting heterologous phages. These properties suggest that the halophages are well adapted to survival in environments in which the salinity is subject to rapid changes of considerable magnitude. PMID- 7139408 TI - A cyclohexanecarboxylic acid utilizing yeast: isolation, identification, and nutritional characteristics. AB - A yeast capable of utilizing cyclohexanecarboxylic acid as sole carbon and energy source, strain KUY-6A, was isolated from soil by enrichment cultures. Taxonomical studies indicated that strain KUY-6A was Trichosporon cutaneum. Strain KUY-6A grew on a number of carboxylic acids. Among the cyclic compounds tested, cyclohexanecarboxylic acid was the best substrate. Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid, cycloheptanecarboxylic acid, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, and cyclopentanol also supported growth. In addition, the organism used the monocarboxylic acids, butyric, valeric, and caproic; the dicarboxylic acids succinic, glutaric, adipic, pimelic, and suberic; and the aromatic acids, benzoic and o-, m-, and p hydroxybenzoic. The yeast did not require any vitamins for growth, although thiamine gave slight stimulation. The cell dry weight yield was 0.75 g from 1 g cyclohexanecarboxylic acid used. PMID- 7139410 TI - Sensitivity of methanogenic bacteria to dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. AB - Methanospirillum hungatei strains GP1 and JF1 when exposed to the adenosinetriphosphatase inhibitor N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide experienced a marked decline in growth rates, methane synthesis activities, and intracellular ATP concentrations. Although growth was inhibited, the intracellular ATP concentrations of all other methanogens tested were little affected by high concentrations of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (500 microM). Thus, for studies of ATP synthesis, or for ATP depletion in whole cell suspensions of methanogens, the use of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide appears limited to M. hungatei. PMID- 7139412 TI - Growth of Legionella pneumophila in defined media: requirement for magnesium and potassium. AB - The inorganic ions magnesium and potassium were required for optimal growth of Legionella pneumophila in a chemically defined medium composed of amino acids and inorganic salts. Optimum growth was obtained at concentrations of approximately 20 micrograms/mL (80 microM) MgSO4 X 7H2O and 150 micrograms/mL (2 mM) KCl. Comparable results were obtained with all six serogroups of L. pneumophila as well as with both laboratory-adapted and animal-passed strains. PMID- 7139409 TI - Seasonal fluctuations in river bacteria as measured by multivariate statistical analysis of continuous cultures. AB - Forty-eight continuous culture enrichments were performed on summer and winter water samples from two contrasting rivers. The cell output from each chemostat was dependent on the temperature and nitrogen concentration of each enrichment. The diversity of the populations from the continuous cultures, as assessed by species diversity analysis, was always greater than populations obtained on agar plates. However, the species isolated exclusively by continuous culture in these experiments were not unique to the chemostat. All of these species had been isolated at some time on plates directly. High nitrogen concentrations were found to decrease diversity. Populations sampled during the winter were influenced primarily by the concentration of nitrogen. Summer isolates were affected mainly by the temperature of the culture medium. The nutritional versatility of the population was not affected by enrichment of the continuous culture. PMID- 7139411 TI - Attempts to detect by physicochemical methods plasmid DNA in mycoplasmas of human origin before and after transformation to tetracycline resistance. AB - Physicochemical methods have been used to compare mycoplasma DNA capable of the genetic transformation of tetracycline resistance with DNA from tetracycline sensitive mycoplasmas and their transformants. These mycoplasmas were isolated from human patients. The DNA extracted from Mycoplasma hominis tetr resistant to 100 microgram/mL tetracycline transforms tetracycline resistance to sensitive strains of Mycoplasma salivarium tets and Mycoplasma hominis tets but not Mycoplasma fermentans tets. Bulk DNA and DNA extracted by methods which increase the yield of circular DNA moieties were analyzed by cesium chloride and cesium chloride--ethidium bromide buoyant density ultracentrifugation and by horizontal and vertical agarose gel electrophoresis. Extrachromosomal DNA was not detected, which suggests that transformation was mediated by the recombination of chromosomal genes for tetracycline resistance and not by R factors. Moreover, no significant differences were detected in the DNA from the resistant and sensitive species or from their transformants and Mycoplasma fermentans tets which could not be transformed to resistance to 10 micrograms tetracycline/mL medium. PMID- 7139414 TI - The unstable ankle. PMID- 7139413 TI - Effect of strain and medium variation on mosquito toxin production by Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis. AB - The effect of strain variation and culture medium on production of toxin lethal to mosquito larvae by Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis serotype H-14 was investigated. Shake flask culture of B. thuringiensis H-14 strains showed varied ability to produce toxins lethal to mosquito larvae dependent upon the particular strain and growth medium used. Buffered media demonstrated no better mosquito toxicity than did unbuffered media that ranged in pH from 5.7 to 8.1 at harvest. Although toxin production is associated with sporulation, spore count was generally not proportional to toxin produced for those strains and media evaluated. PMID- 7139415 TI - Treatment of pancreatitis associated with pancreas divisum by dorsal duct sphincterotomy alone. AB - Of 480 patients seen with pancreatitis at the Sunnybrook Medical Centre, Toronto, in the past 5 years, 5 had pancreas divisum, demonstrated by pancreatography. Clinical presentations included recurrent acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis and recurrent subcutaneous fat necrosis with steatorrhea. Pancreatography demonstrated dorsal pancreatic drainage through the duct of Santorini in all cases. The luminal diameter at the orifice of the duct of Santorini, assessed at operation, was inadequate to provide normal drainage from the gland. Sphincterotomy of the duct of Santorini alone, without surgery to the duct of Wirsung or sphincter of Oddi, was performed in four patients. This relieved the pain of chronic pancreatitis, eliminated recurrent attacks of acute pancreatitis and curtailed recurrence of subcutaneous fat necrosis and steatorrhea during follow-up periods of 51, 27, 17 and 28 months respectively. One patient who refused operation continued to have recurrent pancreatitis 41 months after diagnosis. PMID- 7139416 TI - Osteoid osteoma of the cervical spine: case reports and literature review. AB - Osteoid osteoma, a benign osteoid-forming tumour, may be found in any bone in the body. Approximately 10% of cases involve the most common site and the cervical region the second commonest site for spinal osteoid osteomas. Two new cases of cervical spine osteoid osteoma are presented and the 21 previously reported cases are reviewed. This cervical spine tumour should be considered as a possible diagnosis in any young person complaining of neck or upper back pain, especially if the pain is worse at night, is relieved by salicylates and is accompanied by tenderness, neck stiffness and scoliosis of rapid onset. Detailed radiologic investigation aids in the diagnosis and accurately locates the lesion. Surgery is the definitive treatment and complete resection of the tumour results in rapid and permanent relief of pain. PMID- 7139418 TI - Necrotizing choledochomalacia after use of monooctanoin to dissolve bile-duct stones. AB - A 72-year-old man with choledocholithiasis, demonstrated radiologically, was treated by constant perfusion through the gallbladder of monooctanoin (glyceryl-1 monooctanoate) following cholecystostomy for a perforated gallbladder. The monooctanoin was given at a rate of 7.5 ml/h and monitored to ensure that delivery pressure did not rise above 20 cm H2O. Perfusion was carried out for 60 hours, but could not be continued because of abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. This was followed by progressive jaundice, anorexia and fever. The patient was treated with penicillin G and cefoxitin intravenously and metronidazole orally, but he died 5 weeks after the perfusion. Autopsy showed acute pancreatitis and cholangitis, and a biliary tree filled with pus and a black biliary cast. No calculi were present. The authors consider the possible causes for this patient's death. PMID- 7139417 TI - Mid-trimester abortions: a decade in review. AB - At the Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital in Montreal, the total number of abortions increased over the 10-year period Jan. 1, 1970 to Dec 31, 1979 but the percentage of mid-trimester abortions performed fell after 1974 to 2.1% at the end of the study period. The authors reviewed the records of 1422 patients who underwent mid-trimester abortions over the 10 years of the study to determine which technique was the safest, the quickest and the most commonly performed. Initially, saline instillation was the commonest method but this has been replaced by injection of prostaglandin F2 alpha, which was found to be the quickest acting of the fluids used. Hysterotomy and hysterectomy were associated with higher complication rates than other methods, confirming the authors' belief that they should be used only under exceptional circumstances. PMID- 7139419 TI - Immobilization hypercalcemia. AB - Three cases of immobilization hypercalcemia are presented and the incidence, clinical symptoms, laboratory investigation, pathophysiology and treatment of this metabolic abnormality are reviewed. Immobilization hypercalcemia is more common that has previously been suspected. Vague clinical symptoms may not suggest the diagnosis of hypercalcemia. Laboratory investigation of these clinical complaints in the immobilized patient should include determination of the serum calcium and total protein levels and the urinary calcium to creatinine ration. The pathophysiology of this entity is unknown. Treatment is directed towards lowering the serum calcium level using intravenous hydration, furosemide and salmon calcitonin. Definitive treatment consists of mobilizing the patient. Exercises in bed have not been effective in preventing or treating immobilization hypercalcemia. PMID- 7139420 TI - Giant hemangioma of the liver. AB - Six patients with hemangioma of the liver larger than 5 cm in diameter were treated at the Montreal General Hospital between 1968 and 1981. Two patients were symptomatic, complaining of nonspecific right upper quadrant pain. One man presented in a dramatic fashion when he bled from a ruptured hemangioma after a fall. Arteriography in three of the patients revealed characteristic filling of the vascular spaces commencing in the arterial phase with persistent dense accumulation in the venous phase. A timed, infusion computerized axial tomogram in one case revealed prolonged opacification, occurring from the periphery of the lesion towards the centre over several minutes. All six hemangiomas were benign; they consisted of large blood spaces separated by fine fibrous septae. They appeared to expand by incorporating marginal liver sinusoids. Organizing thrombus was often seen; this could account for the right upper quadrant pain. The patients were treated by partial or total hepatic lobectomy to relieve symptoms and prevent hemorrhage due to trauma. On two occasions, nodules of hemangioma were left behind but none of the six patients showed evidence of recurrence on follow-up. PMID- 7139421 TI - Acute inflammation of pancreatic tissue in a Meckel's diverticulum. AB - The authors report what they believe is the first report in the English literature of acute inflammation of ectopic pancreatic tissue in a Meckel's diverticulum. A 29-year-old man presented with acute abdominal pain and a clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis was made. Laparotomy revealed a normal appendix and a Meckel's diverticulum with gross inflammation at the distal end. Microscopic examination showed acute inflammation limited to ectopic pancreatic tissue in the wall of the diverticulum. Fat necrosis was present. The possible pathophysiologic mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 7139422 TI - Traumatic diaphragmatic hernias: a report of 19 cases. AB - From an analysis of 19 patients with traumatic diaphragmatic hernias with respect to the type of injury, associated injuries, clinical and radiologic features, diagnosis, surgical management and causes of death and from a review of the literature, the authors draw a number of conclusions. 1. Careful clinical examination coupled with an accurate interpretation of the roentgenograms should detect most cases of traumatic rupture of the diaphragm. 2. Impairment of respiratory function, possibility of strangulation and incarceration of the abdominal viscera demand early repair. 3. The choice of incision and approach depends on the stage at which the rupture is recognized (early or late), the site of rupture and the associated injuries. 4. Careful assessment of respiratory function should be made in order to prevent postoperative complications; in some cases respiration must be assisted. 5. Although the mortality in patients with traumatic diaphragmatic rupture is still relatively high, the deaths sould not be related to the rupture per se, or to its repair, but rather to the associated injuries. PMID- 7139423 TI - [Partial sternectomy for metastatic tumor with reconstruction using a methylmethacrylate plate]. AB - A case of partial sternectomy for metastatic thyroid carcinoma is reported. En bloc excision was followed by reconstruction using a molded plate of methylmethacrylate. Sternal tumours are rare and operations for cure of metastases are justified only if the general condition of the patient permits and in the patient with a single metastasis whose primary cancer operation was a radical one. Extensive en bloc excision is based on preoperative investigation in which computerized axial tomography has an important place in delineating the extent of the tumour and providing accurate knowledge of the margins of the section. Reconstruction with methyl-methacrylate allows a rigid setting with a material that can be molded, is radiolucent, inert and well tolerated. In the upper sternum it contributes to the stability of the shoulder girdle and protects the underlying mediastinal structures in a cosmetically acceptable way. PMID- 7139425 TI - Surgical management of left ventricular pseudoaneurysms. AB - Cardiac rupture usually results in hemopericardium, tamponade and death, but occasionally the rupture is contained by the pericardium, permitting the formation of a left ventricular pseudoaneurysm. This report describes a patient who underwent successful removal of a false aneurysm of the left ventricle and discusses the surgical management of left ventricular pseudoaneurysms. PMID- 7139426 TI - Dynamic peroneus tendon transfer for repair of the unstable ankle. AB - The author considers the anatomic basis and indications for a dynamic peroneus brevis tendon transfer to treat ankle instability and pain caused by rupture of the lateral fibular ligaments. He describes the surgical technique. The peroneus brevis tendon is passed through a tunnel in the distal fibula and cuboid bone, proximally and deep to the belly of the short toe extensor muscle and is looped back and sutured to itself. Thirty-two patients with ankle instability and pain of 10 years' duration or acute ligamentous rupture underwent dynamic peroneus brevis tendon transfer in a prospective study between Nov. 1, 1976 and Oct. 31, 1981. Twenty-five of the 32 patients were available for follow-up, which ranged from 15 to 57 months. The operation resulted in improved activity in 80% and relief of pain in 76%. There were three complications: causalgia, infection and numbness in one patient each. The author believes this procedure is worthwhile in active individuals who have long-standing ankle pain and weakness due to rupture of the lateral ankle ligaments. PMID- 7139427 TI - Annular pancreas with coexistent ampullary carcinoma in an elderly woman. AB - The authors report the first known case of annular pancreas with coexistent ampullary carcinoma. Obstructive jaundice occurring in an 80-year-old woman was caused by the neoplasm rather than the congenital anomaly. Although the annular pancreas did not obstruct the duodenum, it did account for an unusual appearance of the neoplasm on air contrast roentgenography of the upper gastrointestinal tract. The two lesions were successfully treated by radical pancreaticoduodenectomy. The woman has been disease-free for more than 24 months. PMID- 7139424 TI - Femoropopliteal bypass: saphenous vein and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene grafts. AB - The patency of 181 saphenous vein and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) femoropopliteal bypass grafts was assessed during a follow-up that ranged from 1 to 53 months after operation. Significantly better patency (P less than 0.05) was noted with saphenous vein (70%) than with PTFE (56%). Life-table analysis at 30 months demonstrated a cumulative patency of 50% for saphenous vein grafts versus 39% for PTFE, while at 53 months the rates were 46% and 33% respectively. The PTFE grafts tended to occlude earlier than saphenous vein grafts but after the initial year, both types of graft failed at a rate of about 5% a year. Patency was similar in both groups when operation was performed for claudication, but for limb salvage operations saphenous vein patency was superior to PTFE. Although the groups were similar in constitution, a higher percentage of patients in the PTFE group had undergone previous vascular operations. PMID- 7139428 TI - Tuberculous dactylitis: a rare entity. AB - Tuberculous dactylitis is rare musculoskeletal infection, but as emigration from developing countries increases it is likely to be seen more frequently. The author reports the case of a 23-year-old man with this condition. The radiologic features of tuberculous dactylitis include soft tissue swelling, periostitis with bone expansion and cortical destruction, diffuse uniform infiltration and localized osteitis. The major role of surgery is to provide tissue for diagnosis and to allow for the removal of caseous avascular tissue to promote distribution of drugs into surrounding tissues. An important aspect in the rehabilitation of these patients is early motion to prevent joint contracture and subsequent ankylosis. PMID- 7139429 TI - Permanent subcutaneous vascular access: the chemo shunt. AB - A technique is described for providing permanent painless vascular access in patients receiving chemotherapy for malignant disorders. In 55 patients with no suitable vascular access, a permanent subcutaneous vascular access site was created in the upper anterior chest wall utilizing a Silastic dome and attached tubing. The drugs to be given are injected into the dome, the solution passes through the tubing and empties into the superior vena cava. When not being used the system is filled with heparin solution. There have been no instances of infection either primarily or in the long term. In some patients the access site has been used for 2 1/2 years and the technique has met with enthusiastic patient response. The author has termed this technique the chemo shunts. PMID- 7139430 TI - Is aminoglutethimide an alternative to adrenalectomy for metastatic carcinoma of the breast? AB - Aminoglutethimide inhibits steroid synthesis by the adrenal gland and the peripheral conversion of androgens to estrogens. As such it has been recommended in the place of adrenalectomy for the treatment of advanced breast cancer. Aminoglutethimide with hydrocortisone was given to 19 women with metastatic cancer of the breast whose disease was progressive, who would otherwise have undergone adrenalectomy and whose potential for response was good. Four patients could not tolerate the drug and seven failed to respond. Eight women had an objective response, complete in two and partial in four. In two patients the disease stabilized. The period of treatment ranged from 11 to 26 months but three patients are still on treatment after 26 months. The authors conclude that aminoglutethimide has a place in the management of women with advanced breast cancer who satisfy the criteria for hormone manipulation. PMID- 7139431 TI - Melanoma: the management of local recurrence and in-transit metastasis. AB - Following the primary treatment of melanoma, subsequent appearance of local recurrence and in-transit metastasis remains one of the most difficult problems faced by surgeons. In managing the disease at this stage, it is important to realize that, because of a favourable immune reaction in some patients, the disease may remain localized for many months or years. Consequently, local control should be attempted in the best possible manner when the disease is confined to a specific region and there are no signs of dissemination. Methods of local control include local surgical procedures, local and systemic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, amputation and isolation-perfusion. After reviewing the literature and based upon personal experience, the author found that hyperthermic isolation-perfusion can be effective in the management of local recurrences of melanomas and in-transit metastasis. PMID- 7139432 TI - Hangman's fracture in an infant. PMID- 7139433 TI - Clonidine therapy for narcotic withdrawal. PMID- 7139434 TI - Leontiasis ossea, flail chest and pancytopenia in a patient with renal osteodystrophy. PMID- 7139436 TI - History of medicine. PMID- 7139435 TI - Should depot medroxyprogesterone acetate be considered for additional uses? PMID- 7139437 TI - Cervical cancer screening programs: errata in full 1982 report. PMID- 7139438 TI - Foos ball finger. PMID- 7139439 TI - A firmer foundation for family medicine? PMID- 7139440 TI - Colonic adenocarcinoma. PMID- 7139441 TI - Plasmapheresis therapy in a patient with multiple myeloma. PMID- 7139442 TI - California encephalitis in Nova Scotia. PMID- 7139443 TI - Canadian Council on Hospital Accreditation. PMID- 7139445 TI - Foods for patients with celiac disease. AB - As a general rule patients with celiac disease must avoid five cereals--wheat rye, triticale, barley and oats. Very sensitive individuals must also avoid two products of these cereals--malt and hydrolyzed vegetable protein. Some less sensitive individuals may be able to tolerate barley and oats in small quantities. All other foods are acceptable, including the cereals corn, rice, buckwheat, millet and sorghum, as well as malt-flavored breakfast cereals. Wine, spirits, beer and ale are also acceptable unless otherwise contraindicated. Monosodium glutamate, other food additives and pharmaceutical preparations are also acceptable. The ingredients of prepackaged processed foods are listed on the labels. Patients with celiac disease must examine labels to ensure that they avoid the harmful cereals. With appropriate precautions they need not be concerned about eating away from home. PMID- 7139444 TI - Compliance with prescribed medication by elderly patients. AB - Factors contributing to improper use of medication were examined in 40 patients aged 65 years or more who were in a home care program. They reported taking an average of 3.8 prescription medications and 1.2 nonprescription medications each. Pill counts showed that they were actually taking 57% of the prescribed medications; compliance decreased with the number of medications concurrently prescribed. Poor labelling instructions, difficulty opening childproof containers and misunderstanding of verbal instructions contributed to this problem. The patients tended to rely more on physicians than on pharmacists or visiting nurses for advice problems with medication. PMID- 7139446 TI - [The medical certificate after abscence from work]. PMID- 7139447 TI - Cancer in a Montreal suburb: the investigation of a nonepidemic. AB - In response to an alarming newspaper report of 34 cases of cancer in Chomedey, a suburb of Montreal, an epidemiologic survey was undertaken to determine the incidence of cancer in selected Montreal census tracts during the period 1975-79. Cases of cancer, were ascertained from the Quebec Tumour Registry, then age standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated, the expected incidence being based on provincial age-specific rates and 1976 populations. The SIRs were significantly lower for males living in the implicated area (P less than 0.01) and were within expected limits for female residents. Further analysis revealed neither an elevated frequency of any particular tumour type nor a clustering of cases in this area. Following additional ascertainment of cases through the examination of hospital records, the SIRs were recalculated. No significant differences were found between those of the implicated area and those of the most demographically comparable census tract. Finally, an independent inquiry failed to uncover any actual or potential sources of environmental carcinogens. PMID- 7139448 TI - Chlamydia trachomatis infections in women with urogenital symptoms. AB - Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from 30 to 100 women attending a family physician's office with dysuria, frequency or vaginal discharge, compared with 2 of 30 asymptomatic women. Multiple infections were common: C. trachomatis coexisted with Gardnerella vaginalis, Candida albicans, Trichomonas vaginalis or a bacterial cause of urinary tract infection in 15 patients. C. trachomatis was isolated alone from 15 symptomatic women. The source of the positive culture was not always the site of symptoms. C. trachomatis was isolated from both the cervix and the urine of 9 patients, either simultaneously or sequentially. The probability of finding a chlamydial infection was 30% in young women with vaginal discharge alone, 33% in those with dysuria and frequency alone and 53% in those with abdominal or pelvic pain in addition to lower urogenital tract symptoms. PMID- 7139450 TI - Christmas 1982: religion, science and faith. PMID- 7139449 TI - Serum bilirubin levels in breast- and formula-fed infants in the first 5 days of life. AB - A prospective study was conducted in a level II maternity unit to investigate the incidence of hyperbilirubinemia in healthy, term, breast-fed and formula-fed infants. Serum bilirubin levels were determined for 176 breast-red and 164 formula-fed infants in cord blood and on days 1, 2, 3 and 5 after birth. The mean total bilirubin levels were significantly higher on each postnatal day in the breast-fed infants, as was the proportion of infants with peak levels above 12 mg/dl (205 mumol/l; 28% v. 6%). The breast-fed infants also had significantly higher proportional weight losses on each postnatal day than the formula-fed infants. However, there was no correlation between the cumulative weight loss on day 3 and bilirubin levels on the same day with either feeding regimen. None of the infants required an exchange transfusion or prolonged care in hospital for hyperbilirubinemia. PMID- 7139451 TI - ProSobee and fructose intolerance. PMID- 7139452 TI - Eye drops and apnea. PMID- 7139453 TI - Claims for magnetotherapy. PMID- 7139454 TI - Seizure disorder and substance abuse. PMID- 7139456 TI - Diazepam withdrawal syndrome: its prolonged and changing nature. AB - The diazepam withdrawal syndrome was studied in 10 patients who had abused the drug for 3 to 14 years. In the previous 6 months their consumption of diazepam had ranged from 60 to 120 mg daily; none had used other drugs during this period. The withdrawal period lasted about 6 weeks. The intensity of the symptoms and signs was high initially, fell during the first 2 weeks, then rose again in the third week, before finally declining. Three groups of symptoms and signs were identified. Group A symptoms occurred throughout withdrawal and included tremor, anorexia, insomnia and myoclonus. Group B symptoms and signs were largely confined to the first 10 days and were those of a toxic psychosis. Group C symptoms reached a peak in the third and fourth weeks of withdrawal and were characterized by sense perceptions that were either heightened or lowered. The symptom groups, the presence of tremor and myoclonus, and the relief of symptoms by a test dose permit diazepam withdrawal to be distinguished from anxiety. The biphasic course of the symptoms is probably related to the pharmacokinetics of diazepam. PMID- 7139455 TI - Fever in a newborn. PMID- 7139457 TI - Infectious mononucleosis in older patients. PMID- 7139458 TI - Chronic subdural hematoma, a cause of apparent transient ischemic attacks. PMID- 7139459 TI - Unexpected burns under skin electrodes. PMID- 7139460 TI - Putting your office policies in writing. PMID- 7139461 TI - "I don't want an x-ray, Doctor: it's too dangerous". PMID- 7139462 TI - Acquired immunodeficiency disease syndromes in Canada. PMID- 7139463 TI - Long-term colchicine therapy for renal amyloidosis in familial Mediterranean fever. PMID- 7139464 TI - Do divalent cations provoke pancreatitis. PMID- 7139465 TI - A BCG trial in Canada's native populations. PMID- 7139466 TI - Prevalence of multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7139468 TI - Family physician manpower: poor planning with inaccurate data. PMID- 7139467 TI - The oncoming hordes: physicians in Canada. PMID- 7139469 TI - Radiologic investigation of suspected extrahepatic biliary obstruction. AB - Data for 94 patients clinically suspected of having extrahepatic biliary obstruction who were referred for radiologic investigations were studied to compare the value of various imaging modalities used to detect this condition. Computed tomography emerged as the best indirect, noninvasive technique and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography as the best direct technique. A standard approach to investigating suspected extrahepatic biliary obstruction is suggested that takes into consideration the interventional radiologic techniques currently used to treat this condition. PMID- 7139470 TI - Gasoline sniffing and lead encephalopathy. AB - Gasoline sniffing is endemic in northern Manitoba and perhaps throughout much of northern Canada. Its most serious complication is lead encephalopathy, which can be fatal. Most of the toxic effects are thought to be due to tetraethyl lead and its metabolites. The specific treatment is chelation therapy, for which a protocol has been developed at the Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg. Lead encephalopathy, however, is a manifestation of social, cultural and psychologic malaise. PMID- 7139471 TI - Congenital pelvic arteriovenous aneurysm. PMID- 7139472 TI - Pneumococcal pneumonia after vaccination. PMID- 7139474 TI - Dr. Leon Richard: the past president reviews his year. Interview by David Woods. PMID- 7139473 TI - Quebec physicians toil under the government yoke. PMID- 7139475 TI - Retiring to the sunshine. PMID- 7139476 TI - The vanishing clinician--scientist. PMID- 7139477 TI - Management of chronic pain. PMID- 7139478 TI - Gait disturbance in chronic subdural hematoma. PMID- 7139479 TI - Long-term oxygen therapy in chronic lung disease. PMID- 7139480 TI - Acute breathlessness, heart block and sudden death in a 66-year-old man. PMID- 7139481 TI - How often do you receive a good psychiatric report? AB - It is easier to write a good psychiatric report about psychotic patients than neurotic ones. A psychiatrist is inhibited by fears that patients might read "their" notes and be overwhelmed by clinical descriptions, that the referring doctor will believe his or her patient is being slandered, of going against patients' wishes that information, often most important, should not be told to his or her referring physician, and that the referring doctor will use the information to bustle his or her patient prematurely into making life changes. Suggestions for writing a good report are given, although discussion by telephone may sometimes be the best resolution of the difficulties discussed. PMID- 7139482 TI - Influence of cultural and environmental factors on breast-feeding. AB - A study was undertaken at hopital Sainte-Justine, Montreal, to determine the factors that influence the choice of feeding method for infants and the duration of breast-feeding. The factors that most clearly distinguished the mothers who breast-fed were lifestyle, education and conditioning to the parental role; those who nursed successfully for a long time were well motivated, well educated, supported by their family, especially the husband, and the La Leche League, and were of an economic status such that it was not necessary for them to return to work soon after delivery. Although the breast-fed babies were more fussy, they were healthier and received fewer drugs. PMID- 7139483 TI - Telemedicine in northern Quebec. AB - Television transmission of diagnostic and educational information can help to improve specialized medical care in remote and underserviced areas. This paper describes a pilot study in which the Canadian satellite Anik-B was used to link the James Bay area in northern Quebec with two large Montreal teaching hospitals. Broad-band real-time television was well suited for tele-education and teleconsultation activities. A much less costly method, using narrow-band slow scan television, was also examined, but it requires improvements. The technology of telemedicine is in place, but its future use is impeded by the prohibitive costs of operating an efficient two-way broad-band television system for several remote health care sites. A solution to this problem may be an intermediate-band system combining some of the low-cost features of narrowband slow-scan television with the interactive high-resolution advantages of broad-band real-time television. PMID- 7139484 TI - Subspecialty consultations in a teaching hospital. AB - A chart review of 60 consultations by the nephrology service of a teaching hospital was carried out to determine their diagnostic and therapeutic utility. General medicine residents on elective rotations in nephrology performed 72% of the consultations, only 26% being written by residents in the subspecialty. Consultants made an average of 2.2 diagnoses per patient, of which 57% confirmed the working diagnosis already in the medical record. They made an average of 3.0 recommendations for further investigation per patient, but referring physicians implemented only 58% of these. An average of 1.6 recommendations for therapy were made per patient, of which 64% were implemented. The apparent neglect of the consultant's advice for investigation and therapy suggests that the written consultation to some extent fails to convey information useful for the referring physician and the patient. Further study is needed to determine if this failure reflects inadequate training of house officers as consultants. PMID- 7139485 TI - Psychiatric symptoms following attempted natural childbirth. AB - As natural childbirth has become more popular, new prenatal training groups have developed, some of which are committed to only one method of dealing with labour and delivery. This paper describes five women and four men who sought psychiatric treatment within 6 months of attempted natural childbirth that did not proceed as planned. Their symptoms included depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive behaviour, phobic symptoms, and marital and sexual problems. Thus, natural childbirth, although undoubtedly beneficial in most instances, is not suitable for all deliveries and may occasionally have adverse effects. Prenatal programs should emphasize an individual, flexible approach to labour and delivery and should present the possibility of the need for analgesia, anesthesia or obstetric intervention in a positive light. PMID- 7139486 TI - Effects of antihypertensive agents on blood velocity: implications for atherogenesis. AB - Heart rate and blood velocity are major determinants of flow disturbances at arterial bifurcations. Since endothelial damage due to flow disturbances is thought to be significant in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, the effects of drugs on these parameters have to be considered in the selection of medications to prevent atherosclerosis. To determine the effects of antihypertensive drugs on heart rate and blood velocity 15 patients with hypertension were treated with placebo, hydrochlorothiazide, nadolol, propranolol and hydralazine in sequence. The doses given produced significant changes in heart rate and blood pressure, and Doppler ultrasonographic recording of aortic blood velocity showed that there were significant changes in peak blood velocity. Nadolol and propranolol produced significantly lower values of heart rate x blood velocity than placebo, hydralazine and hydrochlorothiazide. PMID- 7139487 TI - Factors influencing the survival of patients with cancer of the prostate. AB - During the period 1969 through 1973, 777 new cases of cancer of the prostate in northern Alberta men were registered with the Alberta Cancer Registry. The overall survival rate after 5 years was 41.2%. As expected, the rates were higher for those aged less than 65 years than for those who were older at the time of diagnosis and higher for those without metastases than for those with metastases at that time. Urban residents had a higher survival rate than rural residents (45.3% v. 38.0%), and the survival ratio of the former, 1.31, was significant. Information on occupation, smoking and the interval between appearance of the first symptom and diagnosis was not always available. However, the differentials observed suggest that those in a professional occupation and nonsmokers live longer after the diagnosis of cancer of the prostate but that the interval before diagnosis does not affect the length of survival. PMID- 7139488 TI - Efficiency of palpation in clinical detection of breast cancer. AB - An annual clinical screening test for breast cancer must be simple, brief and efficient. The traditional physical examination of the breast is time-consuming, mainly because of the complicated maneuvers necessary to inspect for retraction. Palpation with the patient supine, however, can be performed quickly. Of 286 primary breast cancers 96% (275) were palpable as a lump, and this was the only clinical sign in 55%. Retraction was the sole clinical sign in only 1%. The combination of retraction and a solid lump is a very specific but not very sensitive test for breast cancer. Retraction in this series was not related to the size of the primary tumour but among the women with a cancerous breast lump was significantly more likely to be found in those over 44 years of age, being present in 52% of these women but only 10% of the younger women. Inspection of the breast can therefore safely be detected from screening breast examinations, whether performed by the physician or the patient. PMID- 7139490 TI - Fetal heart rate testing: a comparative study. PMID- 7139489 TI - Success with amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine in treating cerebral cryptococcoma accompanying cryptococcal meningitis. PMID- 7139491 TI - A family with intussusception and malignant hyperthermia. PMID- 7139492 TI - The re-emergence of the general internist in the teaching hospital. PMID- 7139493 TI - Time for action on passive smoking. PMID- 7139494 TI - Diethylstilbestrol in pregnancy: an update. PMID- 7139495 TI - The doctor's dilemma? PMID- 7139496 TI - Erythema multiforme in children taking amoxicillin after vaccination. PMID- 7139497 TI - Hepatitis B markers in Indochinese refugees. PMID- 7139498 TI - Photographs aid in assessment. PMID- 7139499 TI - Making a nutritional assessment. AB - The assessment of nutritional deficiencies depends on both clinical and laboratory diagnosis. The standard physical examination should be supplemented by nutritional anthropometry, consisting of accurate growth and skinfold measurements. A careful dietary history, preferably taken by a dietitian, is necessary to construct a record of past nutrient intake. Since biochemical abnormalities often appear before clinical signs of nutritional deficiency a battery of biochemical tests is sometimes needed. In unusual cases newer techniques of assessing body composition or immunologic or physiologic function may be required. In all cases the patient's physical state, nutritional intake and biochemical status must be related to age and sex standards. PMID- 7139500 TI - Return to athletic competition following concussion. AB - To establish guidelines for the examination of patients and the resumption of athletic activity after concussion, the injury is characterized as mild, moderate or severe (unconscious only transiently, for less than 5 minutes or for more than 5 minutes). The basic recommendation is that return to training and competition should be deferred until all associated symptoms such as headaches have completely resolved. The decision to return must take into account the nature of the sport, the athlete's level of participation and the cumulative effect of previous concussions. Some athletes will have to avoid any further participation in their sport. PMID- 7139501 TI - General internal medicine reappears in the teaching hospital: the experience of the Royal Victoria Hospital. AB - The internal medicine unit of the Royal Victoria Hospital in Montreal was created in 1979 to improve the training of residents and the care of patients. The practices of four internists were brought together in one part of the institution, and within 2 years there were 10 attending staff and 6 residents. The unit now provides continuing care for 2500 patients, many of whom have multisystem or potentially lethal problems. Residents and attending staff share the responsibility of providing 24-hour coverage. The group handles 5000 outpatient visits per year (20% of them being consultations) and provides a general medical consulting service for other hospital departments, with about 300 consultations per year. The creation of the unit, with highly visible role models, appears to have given new prestige to general internists in the hospital. The unit has served as a model for the reorganization of the other medical clinics and provides a base for research in health care delivery. PMID- 7139502 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies: evaluation of techniques for analysing globin-chain synthesis in blood samples obtained by fetoscopy. AB - Three techniques for analysing hemoglobin synthesis in blood samples obtained by fetoscopy were evaluated. Of the fetuses studied, 12 were not at risk of genetic disorders, 10 were at risk of beta-thalassemia, 2 were at risk of sickle cell anemia and 1 was at risk of both diseases. The conventional method of prenatal diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies, involving the separation of globin chains labelled with a radioactive isotope on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) columns, was compared with a method involving globin-chain separation by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and with direct analysis of labelled hemoglobin tetramers obtained from cell lysates by chromatography on ion-exchange columns. The last method is technically the simplest and can be used for diagnosing beta thalassemia and sickle cell anemia. However, it gives spuriously high levels of adult hemoglobin in samples containing nonlabelled adult hemoglobin. HPLC is the fastest method for prenatal diagnosis of beta-thalassemia and may prove as reliable as the CMC method. Of the 13 fetuses at risk for hemoglobinopathies, 1 was predicted to be affected, and the diagnosis was confirmed in the abortus. Of 12 predicted to be unaffected, 1 was aborted spontaneously and was unavailable for confirmatory studies, as were 3 of the infants; however, the diagnosis was confirmed in seven cases and is awaiting confirmation when the infant in 6 months old in one case. Couples at risk of bearing a child with a hemoglobinopathy should be referred for genetic counselling before pregnancy or, at the latest, by the 12th week of gestation so that prenatal diagnosis can be attempted by amniocentesis, safer procedure, with restriction endonuclease analysis of the amniotic fluid cells. PMID- 7139503 TI - Prevalence of antibody to hepatitis A virus in a Canadian Inuit community. AB - To determine the prevalence of hepatitis A in a Canadian Inuit population, serum from 85% of the 850 inhabitants of Baker Lake, Northwest Territories, was tested by radioimmunoassay for antibody to the hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV). The overall prevalence of anti-HAV in the community was 71%. Exposure to the virus occurred early in life, such that by the age of 6 years 53% of the children had anti-HAV in their serum. The rate approached 100% by the age of 50 years. These findings document the ubiquitous nature of the hepatitis A virus in this northern Inuit settlement and suggest that immunoprophylaxis be considered for individuals taking short-term employment in such places. PMID- 7139504 TI - Salbutamol: comparison of bronchodilating effect of inhaled powder and aerosol in asthmatic subjects. AB - In the treatment of asthma salbutamol can be administered as an aerosol with a metered-dose inhaler or as a powder with a breath-actuated device (Rotahaler). The two forms of the drug were compared in a double-blind placebo-controlled study involving 10 asthmatic adults who were known to respond to salbutamol. The bronchodilating effect of the aerosol and the powder at doses of 200 micrograms and of the powder at doses of 200 and 400 micrograms was compared, bronchodilation being measured in terms of forced expiratory volume and vital capacity. The response was far greater to salbutamol than to placebo, but there was no significant difference between the two forms of the drug or between the lower and higher doses of powder. No side effects were observed. PMID- 7139505 TI - Fluorometric assay of erythrocyte protoporphyrin: simple screening test for lead poisoning and iron deficiency. AB - Erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels are high in lead poisoning, iron deficiency and erythropoietic porphyria. On-site fluorometric assay was used to screen for raised blood levels in three groups of children in one city: 166 who were severely mentally retarded and lived in an institution, 88 who were moderately to severely mentally retarded and attending special schools but lived at home, and 128 who were of normal intelligence and attended a regular school. High erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels (40 micrograms/dl [0.7 mumol/l] or greater) were found in 14 of the children, each of whom was tested for further evidence of lead poisoning and iron deficiency. The two children found to have high blood lead levels (above 30 micrograms/dl [1.5 mumol/l]) were both living in the institution, were ambulatory and had pica. Of the other 12 children 8 had evidence of iron deficiency, though in 4 the probability of a true deficiency was low. The fluorometric assay of erythrocyte protoporphyrin may prove to be a simple method of screening for lead poisoning and iron deficiency. PMID- 7139506 TI - Behavioural treatment of urinary incontinence in geriatric patients. AB - Urinary incontinence and a program to treat it were studied in a geriatric hospital. Of 161 men, 58 (36%) were incontinent. The most common probable causes were cerebrovascular accident and organic brain syndrome. Evaluation by cystometry (after treatment of infections) in 30 patients showed 24 (80%) to have detrusor hyperreflexia. Twenty patients with hyperreflexia completed a timed voiding routine, which benefited 17 of them (85%). PMID- 7139508 TI - "Dangerous" products, health and law. PMID- 7139507 TI - Problems in diagnosis of bilateral obstruction of bronchi by foreign bodies. PMID- 7139509 TI - Thermogram aided clinical examination of the breast--an alternative to mammography for women 50 or younger. PMID- 7139510 TI - Comparison of occupation on survey and death records in Canada. PMID- 7139513 TI - Evaluation of a smoking and health educational program on the level of knowledge and attitude of selected grade six students. PMID- 7139511 TI - Industrial non-ionizing radiation and contact lenses. PMID- 7139512 TI - Comparison between active and passive blood pressure surveys. PMID- 7139514 TI - Self-perceived and clinically assessed health status of Indians in Northwestern Ontario: analysis of a health survey. PMID- 7139516 TI - Psychiatric manpower in Canada. PMID- 7139515 TI - Growth and development of infants in Toronto and Montreal. PMID- 7139518 TI - Forensic psychiatric assessment in selected Canadian cities. AB - Forensic psychiatrists in six Canadian municipalities completed a single-page form following each court-ordered assessment conducted during the month of July 1978. A total of 248 cases accumulated during the study period. During the following 18 months researchers collected court dispositions on the sample. With data from all six cities pooled, 85% of patients were found fit to stand trail. Almost all, 96%, were accorded a diagnosis with 39% classified as psychotic. Overall the examining psychiatrists considered 36% to be dangerous to others in the future. When psychiatrists recommended a custodial setting, in 73% of cases the person was incarcerated. Recommendations for hospitalization were observed in 59% of cases. Although the data would seem to suggest that judges take psychiatrists' recommendations into account, the investigators were nonetheless struck by the general lack of communication between clinic and court. They offer a number a number of suggestions for improvement. PMID- 7139519 TI - The nature and consequences of forensic psychiatric decision-making. AB - Data collected from the Metropolitan Toronto Forensic Service (METFORS) were examined to determine factors affecting psychiatric assessments completed for the courts. Psychiatric history is found to be a salient factor for fitness to stand trial decisions; prior violence and the type of charge influence dangerousness to others determinations. Variables affecting whether or not a patient is recommended for further assessment include fitness: 78% of those found fit and 100% of those for whom fitness was unclear were recommended for further assessment in 68% of the cases. Patients who were threatening or acting out were not for the most part hospitalized. Relatively high correlations between psychiatric recommendations derived from these assessments and the actual judicial dispositions suggest that knowledge of the extra legal factors and biases which enter into the decisions should be more widely considered in the legal setting. PMID- 7139520 TI - Psychologist and physician diagnoses of hospitalized patients with similar MMPI symptomatology. AB - MMPI profiles, including L, K, and F validity scale data, were examined for 40 hospitalized psychiatric patients, for whom diagnoses from both psychologists and physicians were available. Comparison of diagnostic patterns of the same patients, especially for diagnoses of Personality Disorders and Schizophrenics, showed relatively little agreement between disciplines. Discriminant function analyses showed also that each discipline weighted MMPI scales differently in determining diagnosis, even though the scale profiles for each patient in the sample were essentially identical. The MMPI seemingly played a nonsignificant role in determining a set of inconsistently applied diagnoses. PMID- 7139517 TI - Help for families of suicide: survivors support program. AB - The Survivors Support Program attempts preventive intervention with a high risk population. As with most preventive efforts in psychiatry, it is difficult to predict who will be most at risk, what services will best meet their needs, and what positive effects are due to the services. To answer these questions through properly controlled and designed experimental programs conforming to scientific methodology would require the investment of much time, personnel and money. To postpone attempts at intervention until answers are provided by such experimental programs would be to ignore the evidence of common sense and clinical experience. The Survivors Support Program demonstrates that a volunteer self-referral service, organized through professional liaison with a community organization and committed to providing service and gathering information, can suggest interim answers to the questions while providing support and counselling to a needy population. PMID- 7139521 TI - The mental hospital and its environment. AB - This paper examines the task and functioning of a contemporary mental institution. The author, drawing from his experience, explores the world within such an institution whose purpose often contradicts the officially stated one. This world with its own assumptions is a creation in response to needs and anxieties of its participants. In the face of rapid shifts and increasing complexity in institutional environments, the capability to change becomes critical. Real change is impossible unless the underlying assumptions of an institution are recognized, understood and dealt with. PMID- 7139522 TI - Consultation liaison training in Canadian psychiatric residency programs. AB - Canadian Psychiatry Residency programs were surveyed through questionnaires to determine the status of Consultation Liaison Training (CLT) for the year 1979/80. Virtually all the programs offered CLT as lecture/seminars and clinical postings. The majority of residents who received CLT were in their first and second years, with the average trainee spending less than 6% of total clinical training time in Consultation Liaison work. About 9% of the total core teaching time was devoted to Consultation liaison Psychiatry (CLP) and related topics. Canadian medical students are exposed to CLP in various forms during their training. There is little interdisciplinary collaboration or post-residency fellowships in CLP at this time. The authors suggest that CLT be offered in the last two years of training when the trainee can be an effective consultant with a consolidated identity as physician and psychiatrist. They also recommend an increase in inter departmental collaboration and further development of post-residency fellowships in Consultation Liaison Psychiatry. PMID- 7139524 TI - Ontario Mental Health Act. PMID- 7139523 TI - Psychiatric manpower in Canada-The 1980 surveys. AB - The estimation of manpower needs is a complex endeavour due to the multiplicity of variables involved. Part I of this report presents national and interprovincial comparisons of demographic and practice data collected through a questionnaire survey of 1089 psychiatrists listed in the provincial specialists registers (i.e. 51.6% response rate). Of our respondents, 57.9% practice in urban areas of 500,000 inhabitants or more; the male-female ratio is 9 to 1; 37.9% are foreign medical graduates; and 98.5% of the specialists are exam qualified. General adult psychiatry accounts for 57.6% of the time spent in clinical practice and the total professional week is estimated to be 48.9 hours. The experience gathered towards the design of a monitoring system, the significance of the psychiatrist-to-population ratio, the comparison of our data with other manpower studies and a review of recruitment variables conclude the report. PMID- 7139525 TI - Hair element content of violent criminals. PMID- 7139527 TI - Carcinoma of the tonsillar fossa: a nonrandomized comparison of preoperative radiation and surgery or irradiation alone: long-term results. PMID- 7139528 TI - An evaluation of the computed tomographic scanner for the staging of carcinoma of the cervix. AB - Twenty patients with invasive carcinoma of the cervix (FIGO stages IB-IV) were staged by routine pelvic examination, intravenous urography, chemistry studies, and barium enema. All patients received a CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis followed by pelvic examination under anesthesia (EUA). CT agreed with EUA staging in 13 of 20 patients (65%). All patients had surgical para-aortic lymph node sampling. The sensitivity of CT for para-aortic lymph node involvement was 67% and the specificity was 92%. CT scanning is equal to other clinical staging procedures for carcinoma of the cervix. It offers the advantages of being noninvasive and visualizing tumor for the construction of radiation portals. CT is useful in the detection of para-aortic lymphadenopathy; however, the presence of normal sized or enlarged nodes makes pathologic examination, either by needle aspiration or surgery, necessary. PMID- 7139526 TI - Post-therapeutic acute malignant myeloproliferative syndrome and acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - In a prospective randomized study of treatment with radiation therapy (RT) or RT + chemotherapy (CT) for patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Stages I-III, one patient developed an acute malignant myeloproliferative syndrome (AMMS) and four others acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). There was correlation between the intensity of treatment and development of this complication: Among patients treated with local radiation with or without chemotherapy no cases of AMMS or ANLL were observed. However, patients treated with total lymphoid irradiation alone (TLI) had an observed to expected ratio of 162. Among patients treated with TLI plus CT this ratio increased to over 1000. The cytogenetic, clinical, and hematologic abnormalities of these patients are discussed. PMID- 7139529 TI - Specific red cell adherence testing and radiotherapy. AB - The presence or absence of measurable blood group antigens on the surface of a bladder carcinoma has aided in the prediction of the biologic potential of that patient's transitional cell carcinoma. Confusing data has arisen as to the reliability of the determination of specific red cell adherence testing following radiotherapy. The authors of this report have examined the presence of red cell antigens on the bladder tumor and adjacent uninvolved epithelium in patients before and after radiotherapy. Two groups of patients were studied: those receiving 2000 rad of radiation prior to radical cystectomy and those receiving 6000 rad as definitive therapy. In neither group did radiation therapy alone affect the measurement of blood-group antigens on the bladder carcinoma. In some cases the uninvolved mucosa does show alteration in the measurement of the blood group antigens before and after radiotherapy, and thiotepa instilled intravesically after radiotherapy may affect the measurement of the uninvolved mucosa as well as the bladder tumor itself. PMID- 7139530 TI - Neurosarcomatous transformation in malignant melanoma: an ultrastructural study. AB - Six cases of desmoplastic melanoma were studied by light and electron microscopy. The tumors fulfilled one or more of the following criteria: (1) having the presence of atypical intraepidermal melanocytic proliferation bordering the primary lesions; (2) an antecedent history of melanoma at the site of recurrence; (3) a metastatic lesion in the direct lymphatic drainage route of a previously excised melanoma. Premelanosomes were not identified in the neoplastic cells. Ultrastructural features common to the six tumors were interpreted as evidence of Schwann cell differentiation, i.e., neurosarcomatous transformation occurring in malignant melanoma. The ultrastructural findings provide further support for the concept that melanocytic lesions may simulate tumors of Schwann cell origin, presumably reflecting the common embryologic origin of the two cell types from the neural crest. PMID- 7139531 TI - Hepatoid yolk sac tumor of the ovary (endodermal sinus tumor with hepatoid differentiation): a light microscopic, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study of seven cases. AB - Seven cases of ovarian yolk sac tumor (endodermal sinus tumor) with patterns resembling those of hepatocellular carcinoma were encountered in patients 7-43 years of age. Two of the patients had gonadal dysgenesis with a 46XY karyotype. At operation three tumors were confined to the ovary and four were associated with intra-abdominal metastases. Two of the Stage I tumors recurred within one year. The hepatoid pattern was a prominent feature of all the tumors and was exclusive in four of them. In one specimen it merged almost imperceptibly with a polyvesicular vitelline pattern. The hepatoid component of the tumors was characterized by discrete masses, nests and/or broad bands of large polyhedral cells with central nuclei and prominent nucleoli; gland-like spaces, some of which contained mucin, were occasionally evident. Each tumor contained numerous PAS-positive, diastase-resistant intracytoplasmic and extracytoplasmic hyaline bodies. Alpha-fetoprotein and alpha-1-antitrypsin were identified by immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence techniques in four tumors and albumin in two. Immunoperoxidase stains for chorionic gonadotropin were negative in four cases. Ultrastructural analysis of two specimens disclosed features similar to those of hepatocellular carcinoma. PMID- 7139532 TI - Neuroblastomas and neuroendocrine carcinomas of the nasal cavity: a proposed new classification. AB - The histologic characteristics of 29 nasal tumors previously diagnosed as neuroblastomas, unclassified carcinomas, or unclassified malignant neoplasms were reviewed. Electron microscopy was performed in 17. Nine tumors were neuroblastomas; six of these were classical neuroblastomas while the other three exhibited olfactory differentiation in addition to the classical neuroblastoma component. Areas of ganglioneuroblastoma were found in the metastasis of one of the three olfactory neuroblastomas. Twenty tumors were classified as neuroendocrine carcinoma because all showed a neuroendocrine pattern with remarkably uniform cells growing from benign glandular epithelium; membrane bound granules were present in the cytoplasm of cells of the ten cases in this group examined by electron microscopy. The mean age of the patients with neuroblastomas was 20 years; survival in this group was 75% at five and seven years, respectively, and 67% at ten years. Recurrences, metastasis, and death occurred within 3 years of diagnosis. There was a low percentage (25%) of multiple recurrences. The metastases were located in cervical lymph nodes, brain and spine. The mean age of the patients with neuroendocrine carcinoma was 50 years. Survival was 100% at five years, 88% at seven years, and 77% at ten years. Recurrences and metastasis in 70% of the cases occurred later than the third year. Multiple recurrences were present in 54% of the cases. The metastases affected lymph nodes, brain and spine in all cases except in one in which lungs and femur were involved. In the latter case adenocarcinoma was also present in addition to the neuroendocrine carcinoma. Three patients died, all more than five years from the time of diagnosis. No correlation was found between staging and prognosis in either group, except for Stage I disease. PMID- 7139533 TI - Tissue ferritin concentration in carcinoma of the breast. AB - Ferritin concentration was measured in cytosol extracts of 44 mammary carcinomas and 14 benign breast tissues. A six-fold difference was observed (mean, 364.6 +/- 223.3 ng/mcp in malignant tissue versus mean, 60.2 +/- 42.1 ng/mcp in benign tissue P less than 0.001). Thirty-five malignant tissue specimens were reviewed independently by a pathologist without knowledge of their ferritin contents. Higher concentrations of ferritin were present in malignancies with greater degrees of epithelial proliferation and plemorphism suggesting the malignant epithelium as the major site of the increased ferritin. There was no correlation between desmoplastic reaction within the tumors or inflammation within or adjacent to the tumors and ferritin concentration. Ferritin in breast tissue may be important as a marker of neoplasia, a source of elevated serum ferritin, an indicator of clinical prognosis or an immunosuppressive substance. PMID- 7139534 TI - A retrospective cohort study of Histologic risk factors in breast cancer patients. AB - A retrospective cohort study was performed with a ten-year follow-up of 70 consecutive patients who were diagnosed as having invasive, operable ductal breast cancer of no special histologic type and without lymph node metastases. All tumors were evaluated by using established histopathologic criteria that reflected either the growth potential of the tumor or the host defense reaction in form of a cellular immunologic response. The evaluation was undertaken to study the interrelationship of the various histopathologic factors and to assess the risk of subsequent breast cancer mortality associated with histopathologic factors and to assess the risk of subsequent breast cancer mortality associated with different constellations of these factors. Multivariate analysis of the data by Cox's proportional hazard regression techniques confirmed the importance of the histologic risk factors reflecting the tumor growth potential and demonstrated that lack of tubule formation was the most important single risk factor. Patients with absent tubule formation were at 6.7 times the risk of cancer mortality than women with tubule formation (P = 0.002). Patients with frequent mitotic figures were at 4.2 times the risk of patients with infrequent mitoses (P = 0.014). Interactions between these two risk factors and nuclear grade were striking. Women who either lacked tubule formations or had tumors with anaplastic nuclei were at 20 times the risk of women with neither of these variables (P = 0.004). The pathologic parameters reflecting the immunologic host defense response were of much less importance. The multivariate classification of all examined histopathologic parameters was helpful in predicting the prognosis of the individual breast cancer patient. PMID- 7139536 TI - Pulmonary asbestos body counts and electron probe analysis of asbestos body cores in patients with mesothelioma: a study of 25 cases. AB - Malignant mesotheliomas of the pleura and peritoneum are well-recognized risks of asbestos exposure. We determined the asbestos body content of the lungs from 24 cases of malignant mesothelioma (19 pleural, five peritoneal) and compared such to the content of lungs from 50 consecutive adult autopsies and four cases of overt asbestosis using a Clorox-digestion concentration technique. The cores of 90 asbestos bodies were examined by energy dispersive x-ray analysis and compared with similar data from 120 standard asbestos fibers and 20 fiberglass fibers. The malignant mesothelioma patients had asbestos body counts intermediate between those of the general population and those of patients with asbestosis, although some of the mesothelioma cases overlapped with the general population. These latter cases often lacked an identifiable occupational exposure to asbestos. EDXA studies demonstrated an amphibole core in 88 of the 90 asbestos bodies (amosite or crocidolite in 80 of 88, anthophyllite or tremolite in eight of 88), and chrysotile in two instances. PMID- 7139535 TI - Bimodal age-frequency distribution of epitheliosis in cancer mastectomies: relevance to preneoplasia. AB - A census of epitheliosis in 500 consecutive cancer mastectomies has been carried out. The probability of concurrence of this phenomenon with cancer has a bimodal age-frequency distribution. It is high in cancer mastectomies from women in their early 40s, low in the late 50s and high again in the elderly. Epitheliosis during the reproductive life span is regarded as a reversible ovary-dependent abnormality. It is greatly increased in the premenopausal cancerous breast and it is thought that it carries increased risk for cancer initiation. In contrast the probability of epitheliosis in the breast in the elderly cancer patient is only slightly greater than in "noncancerous" post mortem breasts of similar age. Much of this "epitheliosis" may represent, in fact, indolent autonomous cancer though a small proportion could be epitheliosis supported by extraovarian estrogen. PMID- 7139537 TI - Ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors with heterologous elements. I. Gastrointestinal epithelium and carcinoid: a clinicopathologic analysis of thirty six cases. AB - Thirty-six ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors containing heterologous elements in the form of gastrointestinal-type epithelium are described. Eight of the cases contained microscopic foci of insular carcinoid; in two of these cases of foci of goblet cell carcinoid were also present. The patients' ages ranged from 4-67 years (average, 23 years). The presenting manifestations were androgenic changes (18 cases), abdominal swelling (15 cases), acute abdominal symptoms (one case), menstrual irregularities (one case), and postmenopausal bleeding (two cases). All of the tumors were unilateral. The surface of the tumor was intact in 32 cases, ruptured in three, and adherent to the diaphragm in one. The tumors usually had both cystic and solid components and averaged 15.0 cm in diameter; mucinous fluid was noted on gross examination in 12 cases. On microscopic examination, the gastrointestinal epithelium contained mucinous cells, columnar cells and argentaffin cells; rarely Paneth cells were seen. It was cytologically benign in 29 cases, of borderline malignancy in five and malignant in two. Follow-up information, available for 31 patients, revealed that 29 were alive without evidence of disease from 1-17 years (average, six years) postoperatively. One patient, who had a poorly differentiated tumor, died of recurrent disease six years after the initial operation. PMID- 7139539 TI - Hodgkin's disease involving the urinary bladder diagnosed by urinary cytology: a case report. AB - A unique case of lymphocyte depletion Hodgkin's disease of the urinary bladder in a 91-year-old woman was diagnosed by exfoliative cytology on a single passed urine specimen. Subsequent bladder biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. Retrospectively, it was ascertained that the patient had had a previous diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease based on biopsy of a cervical lymph node ten years previously. This is the first case to be reported in which the presence of Reed Sternberg cells in a cytologic preparation of the urine led to the diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease with involvement of the bladder. PMID- 7139538 TI - Ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors with heterologous elements. II. Cartilage and skeletal muscle: a clinicopathologic analysis of twelve cases. AB - Twelve ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors that contained heterologous elements in the form of skeletal muscle (nine cases), cartilage (seven cases) and neuroblastoma (one case) in either the primary of recurrent specimens are reported. Four of the primary tumors also contained foci of gastrointestinal type epithelium with argentaffin cells identifiable in two of them. The age of the patients ranged from 11-48 years (average, 24 years). Ten patients presented with an abdominal mass, one with abdominal pain and one with acute abdominal symptoms. Five of the patients, two of whom were virilized and one of whom was hirsute, had evidence establishing or suggesting androgen overproduction. All the tumors were unilateral. Four had ruptured preoperatively and two ruptured during the operation. The tumors averaged 18.5 cm in greatest diameter and had extensive areas of hemorrhage and necrosis in half the cases. On microscopic examination the Sertoli-Leydig cell component was poorly differentiated in 11 cases and of intermediate differentiation in one case. In two cases the primary tumor was a poorly differentiated Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor and heterologous elements were identified only in a recurrent mass. Follow-up of ten patients revealed that eight of them had died of tumor from five months to seven years postoperatively. PMID- 7139540 TI - Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the mediastinum. AB - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma localized to the mediastinum and adjacent structures occurred in 12 of 215 (6+) non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients seen at the Massachusetts General Hospital between 1975 and 1979. Lymphangiography, radionuclide scanning and whole body computerized tomography were used to exclude patients with extrathoracic disease at presentation. Eleven of the 12 patients presented with extensive contiguous extranodal disease (Stage IIE) with involvement of either the pericardium, sternum, chest wall, pulmonary parenchyma or, in four cases, with superior venacaval obstruction. Diffuse large cell lymphoma (eight cases) and diffuse poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (four cases) were the prevalent histologic subtypes; no instances of lymphoblastic lymphoma without extrathoracic spread were encountered. None of four lymphomas studied could be characterized as either B- or T-cell tumors utilizing conventional surface marker techniques. Ten of the 12 patients achieved complete remissions, either after treatment with combination chemotherapy alone (three patients) or after both chemotherapy and mediastinal irradiation (seven patients). Two of these ten have subsequently relapsed, but median survival has not been reached after a mean period of observation of 28 months. Primary nonlymphoblastic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the mediastinum is more common than previously realized, displays aggressive contiguous spread within the chest and responds well to combination chemotherapy with or without adjuvant mediastinal irradiation. PMID- 7139541 TI - Salmonella thyroiditis, apathetic thyrotoxicosis, and follicular carcinoma in a Laotian woman. AB - A 49-year-old Laotian woman presented with apathetic hyperthyroidism and suppurative thyroiditis from Salmonella cholerae-suis occurring in a multinodular gland with a large right-sided mass. Apathetic hyperthyroidism in this age group is uncommon and Salmonella thyroiditis has been infrequently described. Surgical removal of the mass which had effectively concentrated radioactive iodine cured the hyperthyroidism and permitted the remaining suppressed normal tissue to regain function. Pathologic evaluation of the functioning mass demonstrated nearly total replacement of normal thyroid tissue by follicular carcinoma. No clear evidence of metastatic disease was present. Thyrotoxicosis from follicular carcinoma of the thyroid not resulting from metastases has not been previously described. PMID- 7139542 TI - Long-term follow-up study on gastric adenoma and its relation to gastric protruded carcinoma. AB - A total of 191 gastric adenomas in 178 patients was studied macroscopically by endoscopy and histopathologically by endoscopic biopsy. Among the lesions, 85 in 74 patients were followed-up for six months to 12 years. Gastric adenomas were found to be more frequent in the aged, with a rate of 0.1% in the third decade but 3.7% in the ninth decade, on gastroscopic examination. Gastric cancers coexistent with the gastric adenomas were seen in 14 cases (8%), and were more frequent in male than in female patients (sex ratio, 12:2). Only eight of the 85 lesions (9%) revealed macroscopic changes. Four of these showed a reduction in size, while the other four lesions showed enlargement. In 21 of the 85 lesions (25%), histologic changes were observed. Four (5%) changed from moderate dysplasia (Group III) to nondysplastic or intestinal metaplasia (Group I), eight lesions (9%) revealed histologic changes (Group III to IV, or vice versa) without malignant transformation, and nine lesions (11%) showed malignant changes. Neither submucosal invasion nor lymph node metastasis was found. These lesions consisted of carcinoma in situ with small foci in the lesions exhibiting moderate dysplasia, and a gradual transition from severe dysplasia to cancer was seen in resected lesions obtained by endoscopic polypectomy or surgical resection. In addition, a gradual increase in dysplasia of tissue from moderate to severe was revealed by repeated gastroscopic biopsy. These findings suggest that the gastric adenomas underwent malignant changes with gradual transformation from moderate through severe dysplasia. PMID- 7139543 TI - Cyanotic congenital heart disease with malignant paraganglioma. AB - A malignant paraganglioma of the subclavian (supra-aortic) area and organ of Zuckerkandl with metastases to the liver and pancreas was discovered at autopsy in a 22-year-old man with known transposition of the great arteries. Light microscopy showed the typical "Zellballen" pattern and Grimelius stain showed intracytoplasmic argyrophilic granules, which appeared ultrastructurally as electron dense granules. Review of the literature disclosed 59 previously reported cases of hypoxia associated with endocrine tumors. The case presented is believed to be the first example of a subclavian paraganglioma associated with hypoxemia. One previous case of a paraganglioma arising in the organ of Zuckerkandl that occurred in a hypoxic state has been reported. The possibility of cyanotic congenital heart disease with chronic long-standing hypoxia, predisposing to the development of paraganglioma with malignant transformation is presented. PMID- 7139544 TI - Interstitial implant with interstitial hyperthermia. AB - A Phase I Pilot Study combining interstitial or intracavitary irradiation using 192Ir or 137Cs and interstitial hyperthermia in advanced or recurrent tumors is underway at the City of Hope National Medical Center. Hyperthermia is performed using 0.5 megahertz RF (500 kilohertz) radiofrequency localized current fields. In the implanted volume, a temperature of 41 degrees to 45 degrees C is maintained for 30 to 40 minutes. Hyperthermia is performed prior to irradiation in all patients. All patients had either failed previous conventional treatments, including surgery, chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy, or had advanced malignant tumors which were not felt to be controllable by conventional means. Sixteen lesions were implanted in 15 patients. Of the 16 lesions, 11/16 (68%) achieved complete response, and three had no response or recurred locally. The six patients (100%) receiving interstitial implant and hyperthermia as the primary therapy achieved complete response. Normal tissue complications were minimal. Range of response was three to 13 months. Interstitial thermoradiotherapy appears to be a safe and promising mode of therapy in advanced or recurrent accessible malignant tumors. PMID- 7139545 TI - National Conference on Gastrointestinal Cancer: introduction. PMID- 7139546 TI - American Cancer Society National Conference: Gastrointestinal cancer--1981. Miami Beach, Florida, December 8--10, 1981. PMID- 7139547 TI - Risk factors from geographic epidemiology for gastrointestinal cancer. AB - The incidence of gastrointestinal cancers differ greatly internationally. Blacks have higher rates than whites for esophagus, stomach, liver, and pancreatic cancer in the U.S. Differences also occur between other racial groups. Studies on migrants suggest environmental causes for these differences. Stomach cancer rates have fallen, intestine cancer is stable, pancreatic cancer rates rose, but are now falling in males. The incidence of colon, rectal, breast, corpus-uterus, ovary, and prostate cancer are positively correlated, but colon or rectal and stomach cancer are negatively correlated. Colon and rectal cancer mortality are positively and stomach cancer negatively associated with social class. Esophageal, liver, colon, and pancreatic cancer in males are higher in urban areas. Seventh Day Adventists and Mormons show a low risk of colon cancer. Internationally intake of fat is correlated with colon, rectal, and pancreatic cancer, and starch with stomach cancer. PMID- 7139548 TI - Nutritional factors and etiologic mechanisms in the causation of gastrointestinal cancers. PMID- 7139549 TI - Potential for chemoprevention. AB - Chemopreventive agents are natural or synthetic agents administered to prevent, inhibit or reverse one or more of the stages of carcinogenesis. Natural agents include vitamins, coumarin, indoles, flavones, plant sterols and selenium salts. Synthetic agents include retinoids, phenolic antioxidants, protease inhibitors and prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors. All have demonstrated inhibition of tumor models in vitro or in vivo. These agents may work in different ways; by stimulating the immune response, by inducing gene suppression, by detoxifying carcinogens, by blocking oxidative damage to DNA or by other mechanisms. Human trials are being carefully initiated. Retinoids have demonstrated effectiveness in controlling some proliferative skin tumors. In the gastrointestinal tract, ascorbic acid has demonstrated a modest suppressive effect on adenomas of the rectum in patients with polyposis. There is initial evidence that 13-cis-retinoic acid is effective in modifying leukoplakia of the oral cavity. PMID- 7139550 TI - Precursors of gastric and esophageal cancer. PMID- 7139551 TI - Diagnosis and staging of esophageal and gastric cancer. AB - Rarely can a clinical diagnosis of cancer of the esophagus and stomach be made while the lesion is still early. By the time the patient has symptoms and reports them to the physician, these tumors are usually invasive. In high-risk populations, screening if feasible and patients with vague symptoms can be aggressively studied. Technical advances have aided in screening high risk individuals. Double contrast radiography and direct exfoliative cytology with brush smears have increased the diagnostic accuracy. In patients with esophageal strictures dilatation followed by biopsy has proven useful and safe. Gastric secretory studies of acidicity, pepsin, enzymes and tumor markers are not sensitive enough to be helpful. Serial studies of serum pepsinogen I in a high risk individual may be of value, but this still needs confirmation. Most surgeons agree that preoperative staging can be helpful in predicting patients in whom a palliative procedure should be planned rather than a curative approach. PMID- 7139552 TI - Potentially curable cancer of the esophagus. AB - This study assesses factors in staging which may define potentially curable esophageal cancer, and reports experience with exfoliative cytology for diagnosis of asymptomatic cases. The extent of neoplasm in 91 esophagectomy specimens is reviewed and compared to two-year survival rates of patients without evident disease. Metastases to lymph nodes, and muscular penetration by the cancer, but not tumor size, cell type differentiation, or location independently and significantly influenced prognosis. A technique for inexpensive brush cytology of the esophagus and preliminary results demonstrating capability of this method to detect asymptomatic esophageal cancer are described. Early diagnosis of esophageal neoplasm before wall penetration and lymph node spread can lead to improved survival rates from surgical treatment. PMID- 7139553 TI - Potentially curable cancer of the stomach. AB - Although reported cure rates following resection for gastric adenocarcinoma range from 9--22%, the Japanese experience with this disease indicates that the potential for cure is closer to 50%. Earlier diagnosis and a higher index of suspicion in patients in the fifth decade of life and older who present with new epigastric complaints should permit almost a doubling of current cure rates. Improved and extended surgical resections (omitting splenectomy in specific instances) could increase five-year survival by another 10%. Superimposed upon this is the promising potential of adjuvant chemotherapy. Further controlled trials will be needed to establish indications, optimal agents, and routes of administration. PMID- 7139554 TI - Colorectal adenomas and cancer: pathologic relationships. AB - The relationship of adenomatous polyps and hyperplastic polyps to carcinomas of the colon and rectum are discussed. There is a continuum of neoplastic alterations from adenomas to invasive carcinomas, which is defined. Clinically relevant prognostic factors in adenomas containing cancer are evaluated. Degree of differentiation, depth of invasion, and the relative amount of carcinoma are important factors. PMID- 7139555 TI - Surveillance for colorectal cancer in average-risk patients, familial high-risk groups, and patients with adenomas. AB - New concepts and technological advances have stimulated a heightened interest in the secondary prevention of colorectal cancer; the identification and eradication of premalignant lesions, and the detection of early cancer before the development of life-threatening consequences. This approach must be selective based on risk factors. Fecal occult blood testing and sigmoidoscopy have been applied to the average-risk patients, whereas x-rays, endoscopy, biopsy, and cytology have been applied to the high-risk groups for case findings and screening. Program results to date are encouraging for average-risk patients. Compliance with fecal occult blood testing and sigmoidoscopy has been high in motivated groups self-selected for entry into screening programs. The rate of positive slides, false-positivity, and predictive value for neoplasia has been acceptable. Dukes' staging of cancers has been favorable. False-negativity and mortality data are not yet available. Flexible sigmoidoscopy has been shown to be an effective substitute for rigid sigmoidoscopy in trained hands. Familial polyposis and Gardner's syndrome families have been well studied, but interest in the nonpolyposis inherited colon cancer families is relatively new. Followup procedures after polypectomy have been variable and only recently has there been an organized attempt to prospectively study the effectiveness of different followup plans. The National Polyp Study has been developed to address this issue. PMID- 7139556 TI - Colorectal cancer staging as a prognostic feature. AB - There are many factors which influence the prognosis for patients with colon and rectal cancer, including pre-existing disease such as familial polyposis and ulcerative colitis. Also gross characteristics of the tumor whether polypoid or invasive, the presence of vascular or lymphatic invasion, the degree of anaplasia and to some extent the method and extent of treatment are influencing factors. However, most important in the prognosis is the pathologic extent of disease. Dukes in 1932 proposed three stages: A: limited to the bowel wall; B: extending through the bowel wall; and C: any lesion with regional nodal involvement. The Dukes' classification has been modified on multiple occasions leading to confusion in evaluating and comparing data. To help clarify this problem, the American Joint Committee on Cancer has proposed staging recommendations based on the review of over 2000 cases of cancer of the large bowel. PMID- 7139557 TI - The role of tumor markers in the management of colorectal cancer. AB - Among the tumor-associated antigens evaluated for the diagnosis and management of cancer, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is the only established and clinically useful tumor marker for colorectal cancer and other CEA-producing tumors. Because of the exhaustive studies in the past decade, a consensus development conference was held at NIH in September 1980, to address the issue concerning the role of CEA as a marker in the management of cancer. This conference concluded that the use of regular and sequential assays of blood CEA is the best noninvasive technique for postoperative surveillance of patients to detect disseminated recurrence of colorectal cancer. The CEA level can serve as an indicator of successful or incomplete resection, and is useful in monitoring the effect of chemotherapy or radiotherapy. CEA can also provide a useful estimate of prognosis. CEA is neither sensitive nor specific enough to be used in routine screening for possible malignancy in an asymptomatic population. Nor can this test independently establish a diagnosis of cancer, but it can be used as an adjunct to clinical staging methods in known cancer patients. Radioimmunodetection and radioimmunotherapy with anti-CEA antibodies are currently being evaluated. Study of the pathophysiology and metabolism of CEA is needed. CEA remains the prototype tumor marker and is a valuable comparative tool, when investigating the clinical value of other newly developed tests for tumor markers. PMID- 7139558 TI - Colon cancer: special surgical considerations. AB - Three factors dictate the long-term clinical outcome of colon and rectal cancer surgery: (1) the biological characteristics of the malignancy; (2) the stage of the tumor; and (3) a combination of meticulous pre- and postoperative care with a skillfully performed surgical procedure which accomplished the complete removal of the primary malignancy and its regional lymphatic, as well as transmitted and vascular spread when feasible. The postoperative follow-up should include a comparison of the preoperation CEA value with monthly CEA determinations done every month for the first two years and every three months for the next three years. Two of three recurrences occur in the first two years and nine of ten recurrences occur before five years. After five years, and annual colonoscopy or barium enema plus CEA and careful physical examination will help detect the second primary which will occur more often in these patients than in a normal population. PMID- 7139559 TI - Current trends in the use of sphincter-saving excision in the treatment of carcinoma of the rectum. AB - This report surveys the current use of sphincter-saving types of excision in the radical treatment of rectal cancer, especially when situated in the middle and lower parts of the rectum. The three main types of surgical removal of this kind now in vogue for the management of lesions at this level are extended low anterior resection with the aid of the circular stapler, abdominosacral and abdominoanal resection, and local per anal disc excision. Their achievements in this connection, in terms of immediate morbidity and mortality, functional results and, so far as is known, ultimate outcome, are discussed. A mainly reassuring picture emerges. PMID- 7139560 TI - Imaging hepatic neoplasms. AB - The various radiologic methods used in the detection of hepatic lesions in the oncologic patient are discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of each imaging technique as well as a new diagnostic approach are also discussed. With the rapid technological advances made in cross-sectional imaging, the authors believe that ultrasound and, whenever possible, computed tomography, should be used as the screening method. PMID- 7139561 TI - Risk factors for cancer of the pancreas. AB - The descriptive epidemiology of cancer of the pancreas is hampered by the difficulty of differential diagnosis and the variation in diagnostic expertise and resources around the world. The condition is a disease of the elderly and there are few patients under 40 years of age. The disease is somewhat more common in American blacks than in whites. Two populations of Polynesian origin--Maoris and Hawaiians--show high incidence rates, especially in males. Geographic variation is not striking and is difficult to interpret. The most consistently observed exogenous risk factor is cigarette smoking, the disease being approximately twice as common in heavy smokers as in nonsmokers. In sharp contrast to chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer does not appear to be related to use of alcoholic beverages. Recent observations of association of risk with coffee consumption and with use of decaffeinated coffee require further evaluation. PMID- 7139562 TI - Imaging the pancreatic neoplasm. AB - The radiologic approach to the pancreatic mass is discussed. The efficacy of the various diagnostic methods is also discussed. Cross-sectional imaging techniques have greatly improved the accuracy of diagnosis of pancreatic lesions and are less invasive than either angiography or ERCP. Computed tomography is more reliable than sonography and should be the initial diagnostic procedure in any patient who is suspected of having a pancreatic neoplasm. PMID- 7139563 TI - Malignant lymphoma. 1. The histology and staging of 473 patients at the National Cancer Institute. AB - A retrospective review was performed of 473 consecutive patients with malignant lymphoma referred to the National Cancer Institute. All patients had their clinical and pathologic material reviewed and where necessary reclassified. Using a modification of the Rappaport system, 180 (38.1%) patients had a nodular lymphoma, 293 (61.9%) had a diffuse lymphoma. Nodular lymphoma patients usually presented with lymphadenopathy; diffuse lymphoma patients often presented with extranodal disease, particularly those patients with poorly differentiated lymphocytic, "histiocytic", and Burkitt's lymphoma. Median age for all patients was 46 years, but was lower for diffuse poorly differentiated lymphocytic, diffuse undifferentiated, and Burkitt's lymphoma patients. Women were more likely to have a nodular rather than diffuse lymphoma. P less than 0.05. Analyzed by clinical staging, most nodular lymphoma patients had CS III (66.1%) disease, while most diffuse lymphoma patients had either CS III (31.1%) or CS IV (38.9%) disease. Analyzed by pathologic staging, most nodular lymphoma patients had PS III (34.8%) or PS IV (49.4%) disease, most diffuse lymphoma patients had PS IV (56.3%) disease. Only 7% of all lymphoma patients had PS I disease, only 14.9% were PS II. Systemic symptoms were more likely to be found in diffuse lymphoma and/or advanced stage patients. PMID- 7139564 TI - Malignant lymphoma. II Prognostic factors and response to treatment of 473 patients at the National Cancer Institute. AB - Treatment results were reviewed in 473 consecutively staged and treated patients at the National Cancer Institute over a 22-year period from 1953 to 1975. Responses correlated with histologic pattern and stage of disease. Complete responses to radiotherapy were frequent in CS I (86%) or PS I (91%). CS II (70%) or PS II (69%) nodular lymphoma patients. Similar treatment regimens were less effective in diffuse lymphoma patients, CS I (53%) or PS I (57%) and CS II (50%) or PS II (51%). Using chemotherapy or combined modality approaches, complete responses were obtained in a high proportion of advanced nodular disease patients, CS III (51%) or PS (59%), CS IV (44%), or PS IV (46%). With the introduction of combination chemotherapy and/or modern radiotherapeutic techniques, 52% CS III and 63% PS III, and 47% CS IV and 46% PS IV patients achieved a complete response. Patients with nodular lymphoma tend to have higher complete response rates and longer survivals than their counterparts with diffuse histologic types (P less than 0.05). Patients with nodular lymphocytic lymphoma had a better survival than those with mixed or "histiocytic" histologic types (P less than 0.03). Patients with diffuse well differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma survived significantly longer than patients with other diffuse histologic types (P less than 0.05). Percentage and prominence of nodularity were not of prognostic significance in those patients with combined nodular and diffuse patterns of disease. When compared by histologic type, patient sex did not appear to be an important prognostic factor. The presence of B-symptoms was associated with a poorer survival in patients with nodular disease (P less than 0.05) and in patients with diffuse disease (P less than 0.001). Over the years of this study, survival appears to have improved in each histologic subtype except DPDL. PMID- 7139565 TI - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in couples. AB - The occurrence of identical non-Hodgkin lymphomas in three couples related only by marriage, is reported. The couples had lived together for 25 years or longer and there was a five to eight year delay in onset of the lymphoma between each of the members of the couple. The pathologic finding in two of the three couples was a nodular poorly differentiated lymphocytic (NPDL) type in the third a diffuse histiocytic (DHL) type (Rappaport's classification). All cases are believed to be of B-cell origin. The unusual clustering in their cases suggests an infections agent and/or environmental factor may be playing a role in the etiologic causes of some non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. PMID- 7139566 TI - A comparison of adriamycin versus vincristine and adriamycin, and cyclophosphamide versus vincristine, actinomycin-D, and cyclophosphamide for advanced sarcoma. AB - This randomized study, conducted by the Eastern cooperative Oncology Group, compared Adriamycin (doxorubicin) (70 mg/m2) versus vincristine (1.4 mg/m2) and Adriamycin (50 mg/m2); and cyclophosphamide (750 mg/m2) versus vincristine (1.4 mg/m2), actinomycin-D (0.4 mg/m2), and cyclophosphamide (750 mg/m2) for treatment of metastatic mesenchymal malignancies. The respective response rate seen in 200 evaluable patients to the treatments were, 27, 19, and 11%. The response rate to Adriamycin was significant better than the response to vincristine, actinomycin D, and cyclophosphamide (P = 0.03, two-sided). The respective median survivals on the three treatments were 37, 34, and 41 weeks and were not significantly different. Moderate or severe vomiting occurred in 60% of patients receiving vincristine-cyclophosphamide-adriamycin, a greater frequency than in Adriamycin alone (P = .09 two-sided) Severe or life-threatening hematologic toxicity (leukocytes less than 2000, platelets less than 50,000) occurred in 30% of patients receiving the Adriamycin combination, a markedly increased frequency when compared to the other two regimens (P equals 0.07, P = 0.02, two-sided). This trial establishes that Adriamycin has a better response rate than the combination of vincristine-actinomycin-D-cyclophosphamide in advanced sarcomas. The combination of vincristine, Adriamycin, and cyclophosphamide increased toxicity and did not add to the therapeutic effect achieved with Adriamycin alone. PMID- 7139568 TI - The effect of high-dose methotrexate on renal tubules as indicated by urinary lysozyme concentration. AB - Lysozyme was measured after 186 doses of methotrexate (MTX) to 88 patients. After 7.5% of the doses, lysozyme rose to between 2 and 19 micrograms/cc and in 3.2% it rose to between 20 and 120 micrograms/cc. These increases had no relationship to the age of the patients, their dose of MTX, the total number of times that MTX had been given, nor to rises in serum creatinine. It did correlate with the administration of aminoglycosides (a part of the supportive care of these patients) in two thirds of these cases. In patients who did not receive aminoglycosides, no urinary lysozyme concentration rose above 19 micrograms/cc, not even in the patients who became oliguric or required hemoperfusion. Most of these rises occurred early and were of 24 to 48 hour duration. The rises occurring after five days were persistent and were associated with prolonged MTX serum concentrations, suggesting that tubular damage due to MTX was the result of prolonged exposure to MTX, rather than the primary cause of kidney damage, i.e., the event causing the prolonged serum concentrations. PMID- 7139567 TI - Possible pulmonary toxicity secondary to vinblastine. AB - A number of chemotherapeutic agents and multiple other drugs are known to produce interstitial pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis. It is important to realize which agents can produce or interact with other drugs to produce this complication. Two patients receiving combination chemotherapy with mitomycin-C and vinblastine developed diffuse interstitial pulmonary infiltrates in temporal relationship to vinblastine administration. The infiltrates cleared but recurred and produced chronic pulmonary changes. Since it is likely that the vinblastine either caused or contributed to the pulmonary damage, this drug must be considered among the antineoplastic agents which can cause or contribute to interstitial pulmonary disease. PMID- 7139569 TI - Radiotherapy for primary brain tumors in very young children. AB - Ninety-one children younger than age five years have been treated with radiotherapy for primary intracranial tumors. Patients with cerebellar astrocytomas and optic chiasm gliomas did relatively well, whereas brain stem tumors, extensive posterior fossa tumors and cerebral gliomas had a poor prognosis. Medulloblastomas, ependymomas, and midbrain tumors were of intermediate prognosis. There was no definite correlation between age at diagnosis and survival, although patients over 24 months of age seemed to do slightly better. Tumor doses of at least 4000 rad seem necessary for any likelihood of control. Of 63 children diagnosed over five years ago, 27 (43%) survived at least five years. The majority of long-term survivors are leading normal lives, although many have mild impairments. PMID- 7139570 TI - Reappraisal of trimodal combination therapy for maxillary sinus carcinoma. AB - The introduction of trimodal combination therapy (surgery + radiation + intraarterial infusion) for maxillary carcinoma resulted in a change in the sites of recurrence and no satisfactory improvement in the local control rate. To examine the cause of these phenomena, external carotid angiography was performed on 51 patients prior to the start of the therapy and the results of the treatment were studied. Angiographic findings indicated that maxillary carcinoma is fed not only by the maxillary artery, but also by the internal carotid, facial, transverse facial and other arteries from the external carotid artery. The multiplicity of feeders causes irregular distribution of the intraarterially infused antimetabolites. Irregular and local low distribution of antimetabolites may well bring about the high rate of recurrence. The results of intraarterial transcatheter TC-99m-MAA injection were also in accord with the angiographic findings. PMID- 7139571 TI - Tumor regression and histologic clearance after neutron brachytherapy for bulky localized cervical carcinoma. AB - The response of bulky, advanced Stage 1B and early Stage II carcinoma of the cervix to neutron brachytherapy (NT and radiotherapy) was studied using combined NT radiation and extrafascial hysterectomy with histologic evaluation. Scheduling of neutron therapy relative to external beam photon therapy, tumor volume, tumor stage, tumor histology, and clinical tumor clearance were assessed in these studied. NT was easily combined with surgery in this study. Low stage tumors, small tumor volume and "early" neutron implants (scheduled within +/- one week of the start of fractionated radiation) showed more frequent histologic clearance of tumor. Long-term tumor control has been achieved and failures developed distance metastases without pelvic or local recurrence. This experience indicates that NT was effective for tumor clearance and control and represents and promising new modality for localized, advanced tumor therapy. PMID- 7139572 TI - Re-irradiation with interstitial implant for recurrent pelvic malignancies. AB - Forty patients with a diagnosis of recurrent pelvic malignancy from various primary sites with no clinical evidence of distant metastasis were re-irradiated with interstitial implant. Removable after-loading 192Ir sources or permanent 125I seeds or a combination of both were used. Twenty-six of these patients received interstitial implant at the time of exploratory laparotomy. A complete local control of implanted pelvic tumors was achieved in 27 of the 40 patients (67%). Thirteen of the 40 patients (33%) remained alive and disease-free to a minimum follow-up period of two years. Serious complications such as soft tissue necrosis and fistulae occurred in 15% of the patients. PMID- 7139573 TI - Electrophysiologic evidence of subclinical injury to the posterior columns of the human spinal cord after therapeutic radiation. AB - Spinal somatosensory conduction velocity (SSCV) was indirectly estimated from cerebral evoked potentials in 15 adults who had received therapeutic radiation (RT) (2000-4380 rad) to the thoracic spinal cord during treatment for lung cancer, and in 15 age-matched normal controls. Thirteen of the patients had also received 4400-5500 rad to the supraclavicular fossae. One-way impulse conduction time in the arm, estimated from F-wave latency, was prolonged in the patients as compared to controls (12.0 +/- 1.2 versus 10.4 +/- 1.0 msec; P less than 0.001) but conduction time in the leg was similar in the two groups (22.4 +/- 2.4 versus 22.0 +/- 2.5 msec; P less than 0.1). SSCV was significantly slower in the patient group (37.9 +/- 13.9 versus 54.5 +/- 12.9 m/sec; P less than 0.001) whereas supraspinal latency (cervical cord to cortex) was identical (5.5 +/- 0.9 versus 5.5 +/- 0.8 msec; P less than 0.1). SSCV in the patient group was not related to total RT dose (r = 0.15; P = 0.2), but was correlated with both treatment time and number of fractions (r = 0.49 and 0.43; P = 0.003 and 0.007, respectively). These findings suggest that RT may produce subclinical spinal cord dysfunction even at conventional dosage schedules, and that it may be possible physiologically to monitor the myelopathic effects of RT in individual patients. PMID- 7139574 TI - Papillary adenoma of the lung with lamellar and electron dense granules. An ultrastructural study. AB - An unusual papillary adenoma in the periphery of the lung was resected in a 25 year-old woman. Examination of the tumor showed a noninfiltrating cellular neoplasms consisting of cuboidal to columnar epithelial cells with eosinophilic granular cytoplasm and without nuclear atypia. Ultrastructurally the tumor cells had microvilli, infrequent cell junctions, and cytoplasmic dense granules and whorled lamellar membrane membrane inclusions. These findings suggest that this benign pulmonary neoplasm has morphologic characteristics consistent with a Clara Cell and alveolar type II pneumocyte differentiation. Although tumors of similar types can be experimentally induced in mice, and the light microscopic features of similar human neoplasms have been described, this is the first report of the ultrastructural characteristics of a benign human lung tumor with morphologic features resembling Clara cell and alveolar type II pneumocytes. PMID- 7139575 TI - Histologic pattern and growth in two human testis cancers before and after transplantation to nude mice. AB - A yolk sac tumor of the testis and a testicular germ cell tumor with a mixed pattern were serially transplanted to athymic mice. The morphologic pattern in light microscope of each of the transplanted tumours were similar to that of the donor tumor, and both the donor and the transplanted tumors revealed alphafetoprotein reactivity by immunohistochemical staining. The observed growth of the mixed tumor in the donor and in the transplants fitted well with an estimation by the Gompertz equation. The ultrastructure of the transplanted tumors were similar to those previously described for testicular tumors with similar histologic patterns. PMID- 7139577 TI - Effects of fecal stream on experimental colorectal carcinogenesis. Morphologic and histochemical changes. AB - The effect of alteration of fecal stream in the presence of the carcinogen 1.2 Dimethylhydrazine, 2 HCl (DMH) has been studied in rats who have undergone surgical division of the colon to produce emptying and filling loops with areas of both decreased and increased fecal exposure. The progressive development of lesions with increasing severity related to prolonged exposure to carcinogen is demonstrated. These changes are preceded and accompanied by alteration of glycoprotein secretion. In the operated rats (1) neoplastic growth appears enhanced and it arises sooner and more proximally than in nonoperated animals; (2) the lesions show tendency to occur at the site of the anastomosis with relative sparing of the distal colon; and (3) tumors are more numerous in areas with increased fecal concentration (filling and small emptying loops), in contrast with their absence in the distal segment of the long emptying loops. Two possible explanations for this preferential distribution are suggested. First, the increased susceptibility to the carcinogen in a previously traumatized area (anastomotic site). Second, the changes in the carcinogenic effect and bile acid concentration as a result of fecal stasis produced by interference with the normal peristalsis of the bowel due to surgical division. The importance of these observations in planning surgery to the colon is considered. PMID- 7139576 TI - Gastric carcinoma and intestinal metaplasia. Significance of types of intestinal metaplasia upon development of gastric carcinoma. AB - For clarifying significance of subtypes of intestinal metaplasia upon the development of stomach carcinoma, 34 stomachs surgically removed for mucosal carcinoma were morphologically studied. Intestinal metaplasia was divided into incomplete and complete types by alcian blue-PAS staining. The incomplete type has been understood as an immature stage of the development of the metaplasia as previously reported by us. In this, study, it was revealed that the incomplete type of metaplasia showed more dysplastic features than the complete type. Analysis of the metaplasia of the gastric mucosa surrounding cancer tissue revealed that well differentiated adenocarcinoma frequently came into contact with the incomplete type of metaplasia in small cancer, less than 1 cm. This relationship became less evident as carcinoma became larger. In poorly differentiated carcinoma, however, any correlations between types of metaplasia and size of cancer were not demonstrated. From these results, it was suggested that well differentiated adenocarcinoma arises from the incomplete type of metaplasia. PMID- 7139578 TI - Predicting breast cancer recurrence. PMID- 7139579 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen in the bile in patients with pancreatic and biliary cancer. Correlation with cytology and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. AB - The level of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the bile of 17 patients with benign pancreatic and biliary diseases and 50 patients with pancreatic and biliary cancer were determined by enzyme immunoassay. The bile specimens were obtained at the time of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. The bile was centrifuged and the supernatant was used for CEA measurement, while the cell pellet was examined cytologically. High CEA values in the bile were significantly more frequent in patients with pancreatic and biliary cancer than in those with benign pancreatic or biliary diseases; increased CEA concentrations in the bile were observed in 76.0% and 60.0%, respectively, of all the patients and of the patients with localized cancer. The location of the cancer had no influence on the bile CEA level, but the CEA levels in the bile tended to be high when the tumor had distant metastases, or when the biliary tract was completely obstructed. Although patients with pancreatic and biliary cancer had a high CEA value in the bile significantly more frequently, bile CEA measurement is not sufficient to distinguish an individual patient with pancreatic or biliary cancer from those with other disease, since the overlap between the values is too great, and therefore, additional examinations are required. Correct diagnosis of malignancy were made by cytological examination alone, by bile CEA assay alone and visual examination of dye in the biliary tract alone in 72.0, 76.0, and 88.0% respectively, of the patients examined, while the combination of these methods raised the diagnostic rate to 100%. PMID- 7139580 TI - Bowenoid dysplasia of the vulva. AB - The histologic findings of five patients with clinically typical Bowenoid dysplasia (BD) allowed the authors to classify the vulvar and perineal biopsies of 18 patients under 40 years as BD and the vulvar biopsies of six patients under 40 years as squamous cell carcinoma in situ (CIS). The two best criteria for BD are cellular uniformity and absence of pilosebaceous involvement. Vesicular chromatin is a less constant feature of BD. Clinically, patients with BD were younger than those with CIS, more frequently had elevated and multiple lesions and other developed BD with pregnancy. Histologic features therefore discriminate between clinical BD and CIS, but the authors emphasize that both clinical and pathologic features are necessary for proper diagnosis. Follow-up of BD has been benign, with one exception. Spontaneous regression occasionally occurred. One patient with CIS developed microinvasive carcinoma. Patients with BD were regarded at lesser risk for invasive carcinoma than patients with CIS; they are therefore amenable to conservative therapy. PMID- 7139581 TI - Argyrophilic cell hyperplasia and an atypical carcinoid tumor in chronic ulcerative colitis. AB - An unusual case of chronic ulcerative colitis, is presented in which an atypical carcinoid tumor was seen. Many areas of the mucosa showed glandular changes of chronic injury and dysplasia, and in these areas, argyrophilic cell hyperplasia was identified. Data is presented describing the evolution of argyrophilic cell hyperplasia as a reaction to injury, the evolution of carcinoid tumors in argyrophilic cell hyperplasia, and the relationship of the proliferating argyrophilic cells to the proliferating glandular cells in ulcerative colitis. PMID- 7139582 TI - Leukopheresis in the leukemic phase of hairy cell leukemia. A case report. AB - A 43-year-old male with hairy cell leukemia presented seven months after splenectomy with fatigue, adenopathy, dependence on erythrocyte transfusions, a leukocyte of 85 X 10(9)/L and a platelet count of 15 X 10(9)/L. Leukopheresis resulted in a transient resolution of adenopathy and an improvement in hematologic counts. Leukopheresis may be of value in stabilizing the patient in the leukemic phase of hairy cell leukemia. PMID- 7139583 TI - Neoplastic aneurysm and intracranial hemorrhage. AB - A case of fatal intracerebral hemorrhage due to rupture of a neoplastic aneurysm in a 68-year-old man with a history of bronchogenic carcinoma is reported. Intracranial neoplastic aneurysms resulting from metastatic tumor embolization of the cerebral vessels are more often associated with cardiac myxoma and choriocarcinoma. Of the 23 reported cases, eight ruptured and caused intracerebral or subarachnoid hemorrhage. Like mycotic aneurysm, they are small and located in the peripheral branches of cerebral artery, and may easily be obscured by hemorrhage when ruptured. PMID- 7139584 TI - Patterns of failure in patients with medulloblastoma. PMID- 7139585 TI - Malignant lymphoma in the Warthin's tumor. Report of a case. PMID- 7139586 TI - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia. A review of 745 cases and assessment of clinical staging. AB - Review of 745 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia show that clinical staging by either the Rai or Binet method is very valuable in assessment of patients at the time of diagnosis. There is a marked decrease in survival with advancing stage (19.9 years median survival for Rai Stage 0, and 2.5 years and 2.7 years for Rai Stages 3 and 4, respectively). The definition of anemia as Hb less than 11 g/dl as in the Rai staging method appears to give slightly better discrimination among the stages than the Binet staging procedure. Patients with splenomegaly alone (Binet stage 2), however, form a small but distinct group that should be recognized. These is little to be gained by subdividing further according to size of the lymph nodes. PMID- 7139587 TI - Endoscopic diagnosis of early gastric cancer by the endoscopic Congo red methylene blue test. AB - The endoscopic Congo red test combined with dyeing with methylene blue was performed in 85 patients with early gastric cancer (94 lesions). Results revealed that gastric cancer bleached the Congo red and methylene blue sprayed over their surface and this appeared in sharp contrast to the red-colored mucosa of unaffected areas. Grossly, polypoid and flat types, and histologically differentiated adenocarcinomas bleached the dyes more frequently and more intensely than depressed and undifferentiated adenocarcinomas. Thus the spread of cancerous growth could be judged rather accurately and so the target area could be reached by biopsy in cases where there were few if any visual signs of abnormality. PMID- 7139588 TI - Food aversions in children receiving chemotherapy for cancer. PMID- 7139589 TI - Delayed pancreatic pseudocyst formations. Long-term complication of L asparaginase treatment. AB - L-asparaginase-induced pancreatitis has been reported during or closely following administration of the drug. Three cases of pseudocyst of the pancreas in two women and one man have previously been reported with the use of intravenous L asparaginase. An adolescent male developed acute pancreatitis and pseudocyst of the pancreas 16 weeks after cessation of intramuscular L-asparaginase. Delayed pseudocyst of the pancreas can be a complication of intramuscular L-asparaginase. PMID- 7139590 TI - The treatment of ejaculation disorders after retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. AB - In 14 patients by bilateral retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for nonseminoma tumors of the testes, several sexual functions before and after node dissection were compared. All patients had normal sexual function before the operation. After the operation, antegrade ejaculation was found to have disappeared completely in 12 patients, retrograde ejaculation was demonstrable in ten of these patients. In ten patients, antegrade ejaculation was restored after treatment with 25 mg imipramine twice daily by mouth. In the two patients who still showed antegrade ejaculation, albeit diminished, imipramine medication led to an increased number of spermatoza. During imipramine medication, the partners of five patients became pregnant. The preliminary conclusion from these findings is that ejaculation disorders, which most males develop after bilateral retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, can be successfully treated with daily oral doses of 25-50 mg imipramine in the majority of patients who still desire children. PMID- 7139591 TI - Influence of strain difference on the karyotypic changes in N-nitroso-N-butylurea -induced mouse lymphomas. AB - Karyotypes were analyzed in 44 cases of mouse lymphomas induced by continuous oral administration of N-nitroso-N-butylurea (NBU): 14 cases of C57BL/6JKok, 6 from LT/sv, 5 from MT/Hok, 2 from (AKR/MsHok x T1Ct)F1, 2 from (AKR/MsHok x CBA/H T6Hok)F1, and 15 from the first backcross generation of (CBA/Hok x CBA/H-T6Hok)F1 to CBA/Hok. Thirty-six were thymic lymphomas (TLs) and the remaining 8 nonthymic lymphomas (NTLs). No chromosome abnormality was found in 8 NTLs, whereas modal cells were karyotypically changed in 13 TLs. Unlike the situation in NTLs, chromosomally abnormal cells were always present in the remaining 23 TL cases in which modal cells showed no apparent deviation from the constitutional host karyotype. A total of 31 independent karyotypic changes were identified in 26 cytogenetically abnormal major clones from 19 TLs. Although trisomy 15 was the most frequent karyotypic change, being present in 9 TLs, its incidence was substantially low compared with experimentally induced murine TLs so far reported. Furthermore, 6 of the 9 trisomy 15 clones clustered to (CBA x T6)F1 x CBA. Thus, it seems probable that the genetic background of the host animals has a profound influence upon the frequency of trisomy 15 in TLs. PMID- 7139593 TI - Karyotypic findings in a colonic villous adenoma. AB - Chromosomes from a patient with a villous adenoma of the colon were examined in detail with fluorescent banding. Of the cells analyzed, 73% had a modal chromosomal number of 48-52. The karyotypic findings show clonal evolution, an additional chromosome #8 being the most frequent abnormality, suggesting that this may be the primary chromosomal change, but other changes such as loss of a Y chromosome and the presence of marker chromosome #1 with duplication of the long arm also were observed. Previous cytogenetic data on large-bowel tumors is summarized. We hypothesize that this chromosomal evidence suggests that tubular adenoma, villous adenoma, and adenocarcinoma may be interrelated steps of a growth disorder. PMID- 7139592 TI - Abnormalities of chromosome 1p in human neuroblastoma tumors and cell lines. AB - Specific constitutional chromosome rearrangements have been described in a small number of individuals with two solid childhood tumors, retinoblastoma and Wilms' tumor. On the basis of these observations, a causal relationship between these chromosome abnormalities and tumorigenesis has been postulated. Though a specific constitutional chromosome abnormality has yet to be reported in association with neuroblastoma, another childhood tumor, we now confirm the involvement of a particular chromosome segment in structural abnormalities in cells from this tumor. Deletions or rearrangements of chromosome 1p were found in preparations from four of six neuroblastomas from individuals with normal constitutional karyotypes and in three of four permanent neuroblastoma cell lines. Structural abnormalities resulting in the loss or rearrangement of material from 1p (with the most frequent break point being 1p32 and with all rearrangements involving the apparent loss or rearrangement of material distal to 1p31, always including 1p34 to 1pter), represent the single most common class of chromosome aberrations in neuroblastoma. This suggests that the distal portion of 1p contains at least one gene involved in the development of neuroblastoma. PMID- 7139594 TI - An unusual karyotype in preleukemia. AB - A case of a myeloproliferative disorder classified as preleukemia is described in which the patient developed a single, complicated, abnormal karyotype in 100% of the bone marrow cells (45, XY, -2, -5, -7, -8, -11, -12, -13, -14, + t(2;5), +t(11;12), +t(16;17), +17, plus three or four dicentric markers). The possible significance of these unusual, if not unique, chromosome changes is discussed in relation to hematologic and clinical findings and with particular reference to the existing nonrandom patterns of chromosome changes in myeloproliferative disorders and acute nonlymphoblastic leukemias. PMID- 7139595 TI - Sister chromatid exchanges in patients with retinoblastoma. AB - Spontaneous and mitomycin C(MMC)-induced sister chromatid exchanges were studied in 11 patients with retinoblastoma and 7 normal controls. Spontaneous rates were similar in patients and in controls. The MMC-induced rate was found to be significantly higher in bilaterally affected patients than in controls. It is suggested that this increase may be due to a DNA repair deficiency. However, it is not possible to clarify whether this abnormality is associated with the retinoblastoma gene or with another factor acting on the degree of expressivity of the disease in gene carriers. PMID- 7139596 TI - Response of aerobic and hypoxic cells in a solid tumor to adriamycin and cyclophosphamide and interaction of the drugs with radiation. AB - I have assessed the relative sensitivity of aerobic and hypoxic cells to Adriamycin (ADR) and cyclophosphamide (CY) in the drug-sensitive murine 16/C tumor. The end point used was tumor response to subsequent radiation given under aerobic or acutely hypoxic conditions. Delay in tumor growth following 15 gray radiation alone to approximately 0.4 g tumors was about 3 days longer after aerobic than after hypoxic radiation. Prior treatment with CY had little effect on this difference, implying little selectivity of CY for killing aerobic or hypoxic cells, and the effects of CY and radiation were additive. Treatment with ADR abolished the difference in response to aerobic and hypoxic radiation given from 0.5 to 2 hr after the drug, suggesting that most of the cells which survived treatment with ADR were hypoxic. Difference in response to aerobic and hypoxic radiation at 6 to 24 hr after ADR was equal to or greater than that in non-drug treated mice, implying rapid reoxygenation after ADR. Experiments on small, nonpalpable tumors with a low proportion of hypoxic cells showed that ADR was slightly more effective than against larger tumors and that some aerobic cells were spared by the drug when the hypoxic fraction was small. Misonidazole is known to be selectively toxic for hypoxic cells, and a high dose of misonidazole gave a small increase in antitumor effects of ADR without increased toxicity. My results suggest that ADR (but not CY) may spare hypoxic cells in a solid tumor and are consistent with limited diffusion of ADR from tumor blood vessels. PMID- 7139597 TI - Glucose metabolism and the percentage of glucose derived from alanine: response to exogenous glucose infusion in tumor-bearing and non-tumor-bearing rats. AB - Glucose and alanine metabolism were investigated in non-tumor-bearing (NTB) and tumor-bearing (TB) male F344 rats after a 24-hr fast and during the infusion of either 0.9% NaCl solution or glucose at 0.67 or 2.35 mg per 100 g total body weight per min. During 0.9% NaCl solution infusion, the plasma glucose level was higher (98.2 +/- 4.0 versus 85.8 +/- 8.1 mg per di; p less than 0.05), the whole blood lactate level was lower (5.8 +/- 0.8 versus 8.3 +/- 1.6 mg per di; p less than 0.05), the glucose turnover rate was lower (0.72 +/- 0.04 versus 0.88 +/- 0.13 mg per 100 g total body weight per min; p less than 0.05), alanine turnover rate and the percentage of glucose derived from alanine was measured by [14C]alanine in the NTB and compared to the TB animals. In response to glucose infusions, the whole-blood lactate level rose in both groups but remained lower (7.1 +/- 0.9 versus 10.5 +/- 2.4 mg per dl at 0.67 mg per 100 g total body weight per min, p less than 0.05; 9.1 +/- 1.1 versus 19.3 +/- 5.5 mg per dl at 2.35 mg per 100 g total body weight per min, p less than 0.05; NTB versus TB) in the NTB than in the TB animals. The endogenous production rate of glucose as measured by [3H]glucose displayed a similar response to exogenous substrate in the NTB and TB animals but required a higher plasma glucose concentration to effect a similar degree of suppression in the TB group. The alanine turnover rate rose to a similar level, and the percentage of glucose derived from alanine was similarly depressed in the NTB and TB animals at each glucose infusion rate. PMID- 7139598 TI - Comparative antiproliferative activity in vitro of natural interferons alpha and beta for diploid and transformed human cells. AB - The relative antiproliferative activity of natural interferons alpha and beta was compared in 43 in vitro assays of 25 human cell lines or strains. After 120 hr of continuous exposure to 100 units/ml, interferon beta produced greater than 20% growth inhibition in 22 cells (88%), and interferon alpha produced 20% growth inhibition in 9 cells (36%). Only Daudi (Burkitt's lymphoma) cells were consistently more inhibited by interferon alpha. In the other 24 human cells, the effect of interferon beta was greater or equal to interferon alpha. Although no tissue specificity for interferon beta was evident, interferon alpha generally had greater antiproliferative effects in cells of hematopoietic origin. The effect of interferon alpha was usually established by 72 hr with little further growth inhibition at 120 hr. Conversely, interferon beta often had a greater antiproliferative effect at 120 than at 72 hr. These findings support the hypothesis that various interferons may differ in their biological, cell regulatory, and clinical effects. PMID- 7139599 TI - Interaction of antigens with dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide, a chemically defined biological response modifier. AB - Dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA) stimulates immune responses, primes (or activates) macrophages, and binds to antigens. Because relatively little is known about the binding of adjuvants to antigens, the nature of the interaction of DDA with soluble protein and cellular antigens was investigated. Dose-dependent, stable complexes are formed between cells and the lipoidal cation of DDA. Since the interaction is independent of negatively charged sialic acid residues of the cell membrane and little DDA binds to intracellular structures, it is suggested that binding occurs primarily at the cell membrane, probably through hydrophobic interaction with lipids. The idea of membrane perturbation is supported by the leak of macromolecules (lactic dehydrogenase) from treated cells. Reaction of varying amounts of DDA with a constant amount of ovalbumin was also dose dependent. Because of a minimal effect of ionic strength on the reaction, it is concluded that ionic interaction may make a minor contribution to product formation. Complexes of DDA and antigen are articularly effective in eliciting a delayed hypersensitivity reaction, which has been postulated to be desirable for an antitumor effect. PMID- 7139600 TI - Putative transformation-dependent proteins in the blood plasma of tumor-bearing rats and cancer patients. PMID- 7139602 TI - Glycosaminoglycan synthesis by a cell line (C1-S1) established from a preneoplastic mouse mammary outgrowth. AB - We have measured the synthesis of several types of glycosaminoglycans by a line of mouse mammary epithelial cells (C1-S1) established from a hyperplastic nodule outgrowth. These epithelioid cells do not grow readily in vivo. Subconfluent monolayer cultures of C1-S1 cells produced more hyaluronic acid than heparan sulfate, but the opposite was true in confluent cultures. At saturation density in culture, the cell surface glycosaminoglycan of C1-S1 cells was approximately 80% heparan sulfate. For comparison, data are also reported on two related tumorigenic sublines (+SA and -SA) established from a spontaneous tumor in a hyperplastic outgrowth. These cells produced mostly hyaluronic acid even when confluent. Furthermore, the net rate of hyaluronic acid synthesis was higher in the more aggressive tumor cells (+SA). The data are consistent with the interpretation that a hyaluronic acid-rich, heparan sulfate-poor environment is associated with the growth of mammary epithelial cells and conversely that a heparan sulfate-rich environment may restrict growth. The glycosaminoglycan environment may thus contribute to growth modulation in vivo. PMID- 7139601 TI - Mechanism of regression of mammary adenocarcinomas in rats following plasma adsorption over protein A-containing Staphylococcus aureus. AB - The plasma from 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary tumor-bearing rats was adsorbed ex vivo with nonviable protein A-containing Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I and then injected into the rats, along with its original blood cells. Tumors in the treated rats showed significant (p less than 0.005) growth inhibition. There were fewer metastatic nodules; cellular cytotoxicity in the presence of plasma was augmented, and there was increased antitumor cytotoxic antibody activity in treated rats. Plasma from sham-treated rats, however, showed blocking activity. It appears that plasma perfusion over S. aureus decreases blocking activity and augments antitumor immunoreactivity of plasma. The exact mechanism by which growth of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary tumors was inhibited in these treated Sprague-Dawley rats is not known. However, it is hypothesized that the observed tumor regression is at least partly attributable to the augmentation of antitumor immunoreactivity in the treated animals. PMID- 7139603 TI - Reactivity of serum-armed xenogeneic macrophages to breast cancer antigens. AB - Sera from breast cancer patients contained cytophilic antibody which armed guinea pig peritoneal macrophages. These macrophages then exhibited specific adherence inhibition in the presence of tissue culture tumor antigens. These antigens were obtained from primary cultures of autologous or allogeneic breast cancer cells. Sera from control subjects for the most part did not induce macrophage adherence inhibition in the presence of these same antigens. PMID- 7139604 TI - Kinetic heterogeneity in density-separated murine fibrosarcoma subpopulations. AB - Murine fibrosarcoma cells can be separated into subpopulations by centrifugation through 10 to 35% Renografin density gradients. Previous work has shown that the heavier cell populations are rich in chronically hypoxic cells. In this study, each subpopulation was characterized for thymidine incorporation, thymidine transport, thymidine triphosphate pool sizes, and thymidine triphosphate specific activities. The heavier cell populations have less accessibility to exogenous thymidine, and they have lower endogenous pools of thymidine triphosphate and synthesize lower levels of DNA than do the lighter cell populations. However, if the cells are removed from the tumors and labeled with [3H]thymidine in vitro, all subpopulations synthesize DNA at similar rates. Two-parameter flow cytometry using acridine orange staining following partial acid denaturation of chromatin identified a small quiescent population in the most dense cell fraction, but the small number of these cells cannot account for the results of the biochemical studies. It appears that the hypoxic cells in the fibrosarcoma tumors are noncycling or slowly cycling, are in all phases of the cell cycle, and recover their ability to synthesize DNA when cultured under in vitro conditions. PMID- 7139606 TI - Effect of methotrexate on incorporation and excision of 5-fluorouracil residues in human breast carcinoma DNA. AB - We have demonstrated recently that 5-fluorouracil (FUra) residues incorporate in eukaryotic DNA. In the present study, we extend these findings and monitor the effect of methotrexate on the formation of FUra DNA. The results demonstrate that methotrexate treatment has little effect on the incorporation of FUra or 5 fluorodeoxyuridine in DNA obtained from MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells. More importantly, we demonstrate that FUra residues are excised from MCF-7 DNA and that methotrexate enhances the excision process. This excision of FUra from eukaryotic DNA may contribute to the cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of these fluorinated pyrimidines. PMID- 7139605 TI - Methyl-accepting RNA in 13762 mammary adenocarcinoma correlated with low adenine methyltransferase levels. AB - Methylation reactions carried out with mammalian transfer RNA (tRNA) methyltransferases and RNA prepared from the homologous source do not normally show significant incorporation of methyl groups into the tRNA. However, our studies with the transplantable mammary adenocarcinoma 13762 indicate that tRNA from this tumor can be methylated in vitro with the homologous methyltransferases at a level 10 times higher than seen when tRNA from rat liver is reacted with its own enzyme. Analysis of the methylated nucleosides formed in vitro shows that greater than 80% of the methyl groups incorporated into 13762 RNA is found as 1 methyladenosine. Examination of the tRNA methyltransferase content of adenocarcinoma 13762 indicates that this tumor possesses unusually low levels of the adenine-1 methyltransferase responsible for methylating the invariant adenine at position 58 on tRNA. The nature of the methyl-accepting RNA from 13762 tumors has been examined using highly purified adenine-1 methyltransferase prepared from rat liver. Methylation of tumor RNA eluted from polyacrylamide gels after separation by electrophoresis indicated that while methyl-accepting material is found throughout the RNA-containing region of the gel, RNAs migrating slower than the bulk of mature tRNA are particularly good substrates for adenine methyltransferase. Similarly, when 13762 RNA is first methylated by the adenine methylating enzyme and then run on acrylamide gels, several peaks of methyl-3H are seen in the region of slow-migrating tRNA. These results indicate that the 1 methyladenine deficiency in adenocarcinoma 13762 results in the appearance of selected populations of tRNA which are substrates in vitro for adenine-1 methyltransferase. The electrophoretic mobility of the methyl-accepting RNA in 13762 adenocarcinomas suggests that at least some of these may be precursor tRNAs. PMID- 7139607 TI - Inhibition of the growth of human colon cancer xenografts by polar solvents. AB - The effects of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and N-methyl-formamide (NMF) on the growth of two human colon cancer cell lines xenografted in nude mice were assessed. Toxicological studies with mice heterozygous for the nu/nu gene showed that with both compounds the limiting organ toxicity was hepatic. The 10% lethal doses for DMF and NMF given i.p. daily for 21 days were 2219 and 374 mg/kg, respectively. Nude mice (10/group) received s.c. transplants of HCT-15 or DLD- 2 human colon cancer cells. Mice were treated i.p. with the approximate 10% lethal doses of either DMF (daily for 21 days) or NMF (daily for 19 days) or with 0.9% NaCl solution when tumors became palpable. With the HCT-15 tumor, a growth inhibition of 65% was obtained using DMF compared to 0.9% NaCl solution-treated controls. Two independent experiments with DLD-2 demonstrated that DMF effected growth inhibitions of 45 and 67%. NMF treatment produced 48 and 75% growth inhibitions of HCT-15 and DLD-2 tumors, respectively. Weight loss of groups of treated mice in all experiments was between 2 and 14%, within the acceptable range for 10% lethal drug doses. Results indicate that some human cancer xenografts respond to the polar solvent DMF and to its metabolite NMF and that DMF may be acting at least in part by its metabolism to NMF. Furthermore, the data should alert clinical investigators to the possibility of hepatotoxicity when polar solvents are tested in Phase I clinical trials. PMID- 7139608 TI - Inhibition of tumor growth in association with modification of in vivo immune response by indomethacin and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid. PMID- 7139610 TI - Response to estrogen by the human mammary carcinoma cell line CAMA-1. AB - CAMA-1 cells, isolated from malignant pleural effusion, are grown in long-term cultures as monolayers. The rate of growth is dependent upon fetal bovine serum and estradiol. These cells also exhibit a dose response to added 17 beta estradiol with respect to the incorporation of radiolabeled thymidine into cells. The uptake is increased at low levels of estradiol and decreased at pharmacological levels of estradiol. The uptake of uridine and leucine is also stimulated by estradiol in a dose-related manner. Induction of precursor uptake is not observable until cells have been exposed to estradiol for approximately 10 hr or longer. Cells plated for different periods in steroid-stripped serum remain sensitive to estrogenic stimulation and show similar lag time in response. Estrogenic effect is not noticeable in the absence of serum. Addition of prolactin can partially restore estrogenic stimulation of thymidine uptake in serum-free medium. Like other estrogen target tissues, these cells contain cytoplasmic and nuclear estrogen receptors. These results demonstrate that the CAMA-1 cell line is estrogen dependent and that these cells may provide a promising model for the in vitro investigation of the mode of estrogen action in human breast cancer. PMID- 7139609 TI - Reduction of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced colon tumors in the rat by cholesterol. AB - Patient populations with a propensity to develop colon cancer have increased amounts of fecal cholesterol (and/or cholesterol metabolites). In this study, we report the effect of increased colonic concentrations of cholesterol and its metabolites on colon tumor promotion. The chemical carcinogen N-methyl-N nitrosourea was instilled intrarectally into rats to initiate colon tumor formation. Following initiation, a cholesterol-supplemented diet was given. Despite a 2-fold elevation of fecal cholesterol, the number of colon tumors found was significantly reduced. These studies suggest that under certain conditions cholesterol may inhibit colon carcinogenesis. PMID- 7139611 TI - Effects of phorbol ester tumor promoters and nerve growth factor on neurite outgrowth in cultured human neuroblastoma cells. AB - The effect of phorbol ester tumor promoters on neurite outgrowth was studied in cultured human neuroblastoma cell lines and in cultured embryonic chick and neonatal rat sympathetic ganglia. Promoters inhibited nerve growth factor (NGF) stimulated neurite outgrowth in sympathetic ganglia while nonpromoting structural congeners did not, in keeping with previous results in embryonic sensory ganglia. In contradistinction, promoters reversibly enhanced neurite outgrowth in malignant SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, whereas nonpromoting congeners were inactive. The potent promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) reversibly increased the proportion of SH-SY5Y cells with neurites and the average length of neurites; the effects of the combination of TPA and NGF were greater than that of either compound alone. The half-maximum response to TPA was at about 2 ng/ml (3 nM). The neurites were thinner, straighter, and less branched and showed more swellings resembling beads or varicosities in comparison with NGF induced neurites. TPA transiently inhibited the cellular growth rate between Days 2 and 4. Thereafter, the rate was the same as in untreated cultures. The transient inhibition was due to causes other than degradation of TPA since fresh TPA was added. The effect of TPA on neurite outgrowth was not transient and was independent of effects on growth. TPA also enhanced neurite outgrowth in another NGF responsive line, LA-N-5, but not in two unresponsive lines, CHP-100 and CHP 134. PMID- 7139612 TI - Establishment of two parental cell lines and three clonal cell strains from rat colonic carcinoma. AB - Two epithelial cell lines were established from separate pools of cells that were harvested by a sequential proteolytic treatment of a single specimen of rat transplantable colonic carcinoma. The cells were small (10-micrometer diameter) and cuboidal and displayed desmosomes and light junctions. Both cell lines grew rapidly with population-doubling times of 20 to 22 hr, were near diploid in chromosome number, contained A-2 and B-7 marker chromosomes, and were tumorigenic in rats. Each was distinguishable from the other by the shape of its cell clusters in monolayer culture, its serum requirement for growth, its modal chromosome number, and its karyotypic alterations. Undifferentiated cells, cystic cells, and vacuolated cells, but not mature mucous cells, were observed in monolayer cultures. Clonal cell strains mimic the morphological and growth properties of their respective parental cell line but display unique karyotypic alterations in addition to the A-2 and B-7 marker chromosomes. PMID- 7139613 TI - Inhibition of lung metastases in mice bearing a malignant fibrosarcoma by treatment with liposomes containing human C-reactive protein. AB - Recent studies suggest an immune modulator role for C-reactive protein (CRP). We have tested the effect of CRP in a tumor system designed for study of metastases. Fibrosarcoma T241 was implanted on one hind foot of syngeneic C57BL/6 mice. After 17 days, the tumor-bearing feet were amputated, and i.v. therapy of liposomes containing CRP or control reagents was started. Examination of the lungs on Day 35 showed that CRP:liposome-treated animals had significantly fewer and smaller metastases as compared with those in the control groups. Moreover, 38% of the animals in the former groups were completely free of metastases as compared with 0 to 2% of the controls. Significantly, enhanced survival was also noted in the CRP liposome-treated group. CRP may have biological response modifier" function of value in cancer therapy. PMID- 7139614 TI - Disrupted communication between late-stage premalignant human colon epithelial cells by 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. AB - Premalignant epithelial cells derived from benign tumors of the human colon fall into three classes based on the properties of the cultured cells and the pathology and clinical prognosis of the tumors themselves. Cellular communication was compared by injection of fluorescein into single cells in primary cultures of late- and early-stage premalignant cells, in primary cultures of colon adenocarcinomas, and in cultures of a tumorigenic established human colon carcinoma cell line. Many cells in both types of premalignant cultures appeared highly coupled inasmuch as the dye was often detected in several cells adjacent to the injection site. Thus, most premalignant cells within a colony were in communication with the surrounding cells. In contrast, many malignant cells were uncoupled and passed dye to few, if any, neighboring cells. The tumor promoter 12 O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate caused extensive uncoupling of cells in late stage premalignant cultures, while not eliminating the extensively coupled areas found in early-stage premalignant cultures. 12-O-Tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate had no effect on coupling between tumorigenic cells from an established carcinoma cell line which were already extensively uncoupled. Tumor promoters may play an important role in the transition of late-stage premalignant cells to malignancy by decreasing intercellular communication, between premalignant cells at this specific stage in tumor development. PMID- 7139615 TI - Thiouracil distribution in mice carrying transplantable melanoma. PMID- 7139617 TI - Recent studies of glycolipid and glycoprotein profiles and characterization of the major glycolipid antigen in gastric cancer of a patient of blood group genotype pp (Tja-) first studied in 1951. PMID- 7139616 TI - Drug and hormone sensitivity of estrogen receptor-positive and -negative human breast cancer cells in vitro. AB - A clonogenic assay of long-term breast cancer cell cultures in vitro has been developed to provide a highly reproducible method with which to quantitate tumor cell killing by hormones and/or cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. Monolayer cultures of estrogen receptor-positive MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and of estrogen receptor-negative Evsa T cells are harvested by treatment with 0.01% trypsin:0.02% EDTA in Hanks' balanced salt solution. Cell suspensions are treated with drug or hormone in serum-free medium for 1 hr at 37 degrees; treated cells are washed, plated, and cultured for approximately 14 days; and colonies consisting of greater than or equal to 30 cells are counted. Compared to estrogen receptor-positive cells, estrogen receptor-negative cells were 2-fold more sensitive to melphalan but were conversely 1.9-fold more resistant to Adriamycin; these differences were statistically significant (p less than 0.001). Thus, response to cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents appeared to be independent of estrogen receptor status. For cells treated with diethylstilbestrol, the dose of drug or hormone reducing the surviving cell fraction to 1/e (DO) for estrogen receptor-positive cells was 2.27 nmol/ml, and that for estrogen receptor-negative cells was 2.80 nmol/ml; this difference was not statistically significant. However, with tamoxifen therapy, the DO for estrogen receptor-positive cells was 0.601 nmol/ml, and that for estrogen receptor-negative cells was 3.64 nmol/ml; this 6-fold greater degree of resistance to tamoxifen of estrogen receptor negative cells was highly significant (p less than 0.001). Treatment of cells for 24 hr with 17 beta-estradiol stimulated proliferation not only of estrogen receptor-positive cells but also of estrogen receptor-negative cells. However, estradiol at concentrations up to 200 microM had no apparent cytocidal activity, as measured by the clonogenic assay. Furthermore, treatment of MCF-7 cells simultaneously with estradiol and either diethylstilbestrol or tamoxifen failed to reverse the cytocidal activity of those two agents. These findings suggest that, in the clonogenic assay described herein, diethylstilbestrol and tamoxifen may kill human breast cancer cells by an independent mechanism of action and that the cytocidal activity of diethylstilbestrol and the proliferative effect of 17 beta-estradiol appear to be independent of estrogen receptor status. PMID- 7139618 TI - Biliary control of beta-glucuronidase activity in the luminal contents of the rat ileum, cecum, and rectum. AB - The effect of bile exclusion on intestinal beta-glucuronidase activity was studied in the rat. Bile exclusion dramatically decreased the bacterial beta glucuronidase activity in the cecum and rectum but did not affect the normal low level in the ileum. Thus, bile flow may be the most important factor in modulating beta-glucuronidase activity in the rat large bowel. Dietary substances which can alter bile flow may thus have effects on intestinal bacterial beta glucuronidase activity. Effects of diet on colon cancer might therefore be explicable in terms of altered bile flow rather than altered bacterial beta glucuronidase induction. PMID- 7139620 TI - Combined actions of 5-fluorouracil and 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-1 nitrosourea on human colonic carcinoma cells in vitro. AB - Two lines of human colonic carcinoma cells have different sensitivities to 5 fluorouracil and 1-(2-chlorethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea (methyl CCNU). The growth of the BE line is 50% inhibited by 330 microM 5-fluorouracil and 15 microM methyl-CCNU, and the HT-29 line is 50% inhibited by 85 and 140 microM, respectively. On cloning, 50% of BE cells are killed by 500 microM 5 fluorouracil and 6 microM methyl-CCNU, and the HT-29 cells are killed by 250 and 120 microM respectively. When the drugs were combined, there were additive effects which occurred in cell growth of both lines and killing of BE cells. Synergism occurred in killing HT-29 cells when a low concentration of 5 fluorouracil was combined with methyl-CCNU. The synergism did not increase with increasing concentrations of 5-fluorouracil. Both drugs caused growth delay of spheroids (HT-29 cells), an effect that was additive when the drugs were combined. Growth inhibition of both lines in monolayer culture by 5-fluorouracil was more sensitive than was cell killing or inhibition of spheroid growth but, with methyl-CCNU, killing of BE cells was more sensitive than was growth inhibition. HT-29 cells showed similar sensitivity to methyl-CCNU in all three systems. The type and sensitivity of drug effect seen in vitro depends on the particular drug used, the cell line tested, and the parameter measured. PMID- 7139619 TI - Carcinogenicity of N-nitrosodiethanolamine in rats at five different dose levels. AB - N-nitrosodiethanolamine, an N-nitroso compound of environmental significance, has been tested for carcinogenicity in male Sprague-Dawley rats at five different dose levels. Administration p.o. in the drinking water of 1.5, 6, 25, 100, or 400 mg N-nitrosodiethanolamine per kg per day was tolerated well. Median total doses administered were between 0.86 g/kg body weight at the highest and 100.3 g/kg body weight at the lowest dose level. Treatment-related tumors were observed in the liver and the nasal cavity. The induction of hepatocellular carcinomas was clearly dose related, low doses also inducing benign lesions. Other liver tumors were of mesenchymal and ductal origin and nasal cavity neoplasms were diagnosed as squamous-cell carcinomas and neuroepitheliomas of the olfactory epithelium. Statistical evaluation of the 1.5-mg/kg dose regimen clearly indicates that even such low doses are carcinogenic. This potent carcinogenic activity is surprising since a high percentage (60 to 90%) of an administered dose of N nitrosodiethanolamine is excreted unchanged in the urine. Thus, we propose that an as yet unidentified metabolite may possess high carcinogenic potential. PMID- 7139621 TI - Diminution of cyclophosphamide-induced suppression of antitumor immunity by an immunomodulator PS-K and combined therapeutic effects of PS-K and cyclophosphamide on transplanted tumor in rats. AB - An immunomodulator PS-K was shown to diminish the cyclophosphamide (CY)-induced suppression of specific antitumor transplantation resistance in WKA rats immunized with X-irradiated KMT-17 tumor cells when PS-K was given before treatment of CY. In the immunochemotherapy of transplanted KMT-17 tumor in WKA rats by a combination of CY and PS-K, an enhanced therapeutic effect was also observed when PS-K was given before treatment of CY, with different doses of CY and at different days of CY treatment. However, when PS-K was given just after treatment of CY, the therapeutic effect was rather diminished in comparison with the group having CY treatment alone. By means of the Winn assay, spleen cells obtained from KMT-17-bearing rats (TBR) treated with PS-K followed by CY inhibited the admixed tumor cells more strongly than did spleen cells obtained from TBR treated with CY alone. Recovery of thymus weight from the damage caused by CY was accelerated in TBR treated with PS-K followed for CY and was delayed in TBR treated with CY followed by PS-K. These observations suggest that diminution of CY-induced immunosuppression by PS-K possibly results in an enhanced therapeutic effect in WKA rats treated with PS-K followed by CY. PMID- 7139622 TI - Effect of sex hormones on carcinogenesis in the stomachs of rats. AB - We have been investigating possible effects of sex hormones on the carcinogenesis of stomach cancer in Wistar rats that were given N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine in drinking water (50 micrograms/ml) for 4 months. The incidences of stomach cancer in intact male, intact female, castrated male, and castrated female rats at Month 4 of the experiment were 5, 0, 0, and 0% respectively; and those at Month 8 were 40, 10, 0, and 0% respectively; indicating that the incidence in intact males was much higher than in the other groups. The difference in the incidence became more evident when the animals were sacrificed at Month 12 of the experiment (81, 0, 29, and 5%, respectively). Hypertrophy and dissociation of the lamina muscularis mucosae which are considered to occur in the carcinogenic process were observed only in the male rats at the earlier months, but not in female nor in castrated rats. In N-methyl N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine carcinogenesis, female and castrated rats had a lower incidence of gastric cancers with less change in the lamina muscularis mucosae than did the nontreated male rats. These findings, therefore, suggest that, in addition to the suppressive action of female hormones, male hormones facilitate carcinogenesis. PMID- 7139623 TI - Altered organization of cell-substrate contacts and membrane-associated cytoskeleton in tumor cell variants exhibiting different metastatic capabilities. AB - The pattern of cell-substrate attachment and the organization of actin-containing microfilament bundles were analyzed in tumor cell variants of the K-1735 melanoma and UV-2237 fibrosarcoma series exhibiting distinct metastatic phenotypes. In both tumors, the low-metastatic cells were relatively flat, with well-developed focal contacts. Visualization of the cellular organization of actin and vinculin by fluorescence microscopy indicated that the low-metastatic cells contained prominent stress fibers which terminated in large vinculin-containing focal contacts. The high-metastatic cells were characterized by poor organization of vinculin and adhesion plaques as well as by low number and disarray of actin bundles. These results are compatible with the notion that cytoskeletal organization may be involved in cytodynamic processes related to tumor cell dissemination and implantation. PMID- 7139624 TI - Two forms of tumors in nude mice generated by a neoplastic rat mammary stem cell line. AB - The rat mammary (Rama) epithelial stem cell line Rama 25, isolated from a dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced tumor, differentiates in culture into elongated cells. The uncloned elongated cells or "floaters" and one cloned elongated cell line, Rama 29, have been identified previously as containing some cells with myoepithelial characteristics. Both Rama 29 and the floaters contained a spectrum of different morphological forms, the multipolar and bipolar representatives of which were isolated by cloning cell lines. After six passages in culture, the ratio of bipolar to multipolar forms, proliferation rates, and final saturation densities usually increased, and at still higher passages, morphologically transformed foci of criss-cross cells were observed in Rama 29 cultures. From these, two morphologically transformed cell lines were isolated, Rama 29:T and Rama 521. Rama 25 and a similar subclone Rama 259, Rama 29:T, and Rama 521 readily formed tumors when injected into nude mice, whereas both the cloned (Rama 29, Rama 502, and Rama 503) and uncloned elongated cell lines (floaters) obtained directly from Rama 25 failed to do so within 12 weeks. Rama 25 and Rama 259 formed tumors which contained glandular-like areas, sheets of cuboidal cells, and spindle-cell areas, whereas Rama 29:T and Rama 521 formed tumors which contained only spindle cells. Immunocytochemistry showed that glandular areas stained with antibodies to rat milk fat globule membranes; that spindle-cell areas stained with antibodies to laminin, type IV collagen, and myosin; and that Rama 25- and Rama 259-induced tumors contained spindle-cell areas which also stained with antibodies to keratins. Ultrastructural analysis confirmed the presence of glandular-like structures and showed that spindle-cell regions contained mesenchymal-like cells with varying myoepithelial characteristics. Thus, Rama 25 and Rama 259 cells yielded some glandular-like regions and some myoepithelial cells in their tumors, while Rama 29:T and Rama 521 cells yielded some myoepithelial-like cells in their tumors without any glandular elements. PMID- 7139626 TI - Enhanced radiation lethality in partially synchronized solid mouse tumors. AB - We studied the combined effects of local irradiation on in vivo partially synchronized solid mouse tumors. Syngeneic fibrosarcoma cells were transplanted s.c. into the thighs of C3H/He mice. When the tumors grew to 179 cu mm in volume, 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) was repeatedly injected i.p. followed by a single injection of vinblastine sulfate at 5 hr after the end of the ara-C treatment. The mitotic indexes increased from 4% in control to 22 to 23% at 5 hr after the ara-C treatment, and the level continued for another 5 hr. Further treatment with vinblastine sulfate after the ara-C injections resulted in more effective accumulation of mitotic cells, i.e., 30% at the sixth hr. The tumor was locally irradiated with a single dose of 3000 rads of gamma-rays at the maximum level of mitotic index. The results indicated a synergistic inhibition of tumor growth and an 84% prolongation of the 50% survival day beyond that of the nontreated control mice. PMID- 7139625 TI - Demonstration of in vivo DNA repair synthesis in mouse skin exposed to various chemical carcinogens. AB - Chemical carcinogen-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in mouse skin in vivo was demonstrated with the aid of a mechanical device. An isotonic aqueous solution containing a carcinogen and [methyl-3H]thymidine was injected s.c. into an isolated portion of the skin clamped off with ring-shaped forceps. Dose-dependent unscheduled DNA synthesis was clearly demonstrated as silver grains on the nuclei of both epithelial and dermal fibroblastic cells in this portion of skin in response to treatment with methyl methanesulfonate, 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea, 4 nitroquinoline 1-oxide, and 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide. The range of variability was small among animals and within a single area of skin. These findings suggest that this system should be useful for quantitative measurement of unscheduled DNA synthesis in individual cells of the skin in vivo. Unscheduled DNA synthesis in response to various carcinogens was 3- to 5-fold more active in epithelial cells than in dermal fibroblastic cells. A time course study showed that active unscheduled DNA synthesis could be detected after 10 min, implying that adduct removal with resulting synthesis had occurred by this time. PMID- 7139627 TI - Development and possible use of immunological techniques to detect individual exposure to carcinogens: International Agency for Research on Cancer/International Programme on Chemical Safety Working Group Report. PMID- 7139629 TI - Urine levels of N-[9-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)purin-6-ylcarbamoyl]-L-threonine, N6 (delta 2-isopentenyl)adenosine, and 2'-O-methylguanosine as determined by radioimmunoassay for normal subjects and cancer patients. AB - Radioimmunoassays (RIA) are presented for the evaluation of the levels of the following three modified nucleosides in human urine: 2'-O-methylguanosine (Gm), N6-(delta 2-isopentenyl)adenosine (i6A), and N-[9-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)purin-6 ylcarbamoyl]-L-threonine (t6A). Competitive inhibition of the RIA was provided by 2 to 10 microliters of untreated urine and the sensitivity of each RIA was in the pmol range. Partial fractionation of urine indicated that the majority of inhibitory activity was in the fraction coeluting with a nucleoside standard. The amounts of nucleosides in 24-hr urine samples from eight normal subjects were 2.2 +/- 0.9 mg (S.D.) for t6A; 0.17 +/- 0.09 mg for Gm; and 0.050 +/- 0.019 mg for i6A. The levels of t6A, i6A, and Gm were also determined by RIA of urine samples of patients with lymphomas or solid tumors. Levels of t6A were significantly elevated for patients with lung cancer (p less than 0.001), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (p less than 0.05), and other solid tumors (p less than 0.02) but not for patients with Hodgkin's disease. The RIA data on the other two nucleosides, i6A and Gm, showed no similarly significant variations. Increased levels of t6A in the cancerous state were substantiated by isolating the t6A fraction from the urine of normal subjects of patients with lung cancer and quantitating the amount by use of UV adsorption. These preliminary results indicate that RIA for t6A might be clinically useful by providing a complementary approach to the assessment of the levels of modified nucleosides by gas-liquid or high performance-liquid chromatography. PMID- 7139628 TI - N-Nitroso compounds and childhood brain tumors: a case-control study. AB - We questioned mothers of 209 young brain tumor patients and mothers of 209 controls about experiences of possible etiological relevance which they had during pregnancy or which their children had while growing up. Long-suspected brain tumor risk factors such as head trauma and X-rays appeared to be factors for relatively few cases. Increased risk was associated with maternal contact with nitrosamine-containing substances such as burning incense (odds ratio, 3.3; p = 0.005), sidestream cigarette smoke (odds ratio, 1.5; p = 0.03), and face makeup (odds ratio, 1.6; p = 0.02); with maternal use of diuretics (odds ratio, 2.0; p = 0.03) and antihistamines (odds ratio, 3.4; p = 0.002); and with the level of maternal consumption of cured meats (p = 0.008). These drugs contain nitrosatable amines and amides, and the cured meats contain nitrites, chemicals which are precursors of N-nitroso compounds. We propose a hypothesis that brain tumors in these young people are related to in utero exposure to N-nitroso compounds and their precursors, the most potent nervous system carcinogens known in experimental animals. PMID- 7139630 TI - Lipid-associated sialic acid test for the detection of human cancer. AB - A rapid method for the measurement of serum and/or plasma, lipid-associated sialic acid levels has been developed. This test has been applied to 850 human sera of which 670 came from patients with nine categories of malignant disease, 80 from persons with benign disorders, and 100 from normal individuals. Lipid associated sialic acid concentrations were found to be significantly increased (p less than 0.001) in all groups of cancer patients as compared to both those with benign diseases and normal controls. Test sensitivity in the detection of cancer ranged from 77 to 97%. Specificity was, respectively, 81 and 93% for the benign and normal groups. In small samples of patients, no association between test values and tumor burden was found. This test compares favorably with the most widely used tumor marker test, that for carcinoembryonic antigen. PMID- 7139633 TI - Pharmacology of animal neurotoxins. PMID- 7139632 TI - Sleep disruption in the course of chronic levodopa therapy: an early feature of the levodopa psychosis. AB - Sleep disruption is a common complaint in levodopa-treated parkinsonian patients. A survey of 100 parkinsonian patients revealed prominent sleep complaints in 74%. Sleep complaints were unrelated to patient age and the duration of disease but increased in prevalence with longer periods of levodopa therapy. Sleep abnormalities tended to increase in severity with continued treatment and insomnia tended to be followed by daytime somnolence, altered dream events, and episodic nocturnal vocalization and myoclonus. While dyskinetic side effects and on-off syndrome were encountered in patients with and without sleep complaints, 98% of patients experiencing psychiatric side effects also reported sleep disruption. It is suggested that sleep-related symptoms constitute an early stage of levodopa-induced dopaminergic psychiatric toxicity in the parkinsonian population. Clinical and experimental observations suggest that serotonergic mechanisms are important in this symptom complex. PMID- 7139634 TI - Influence of diuretics on urinary general base catalytic activity and cyclophosphamide-induced bladder toxicity. AB - The influence of diuretics on the induction of bladder toxicity by cyclophosphamide was investigated in rats. Following ip administration, about 3.5% of the cyclophosphamide was excreted as 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide. This amount was found to be compatible with the view that the urotoxic effects of cyclophosphamide are caused by the acrolein generated in the urine from 4 hydroxycyclophosphamide, the primary metabolite of cyclophosphamide. In situ, acrolein was more potent than 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide with regard to producing an increase in bladder weight; phosphoramide mustard was essentially without urotoxic activity. The urotoxic potency of 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide, but not that of acrolein, increased as the pH and/or the phosphate concentration of the infusion medium increased. This was as expected in view of the knowledge that release of acrolein from 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide or 4 hydroperoxycyclophosphamide is facilitated by the presence of general base catalysts, eg, phosphate and bicarbonate, and that the rate at which this reaction proceeds in the presence of these catalysts increases as their concentration and the pH increases. In vivo, diuretics that acidified the urine, eg, ammonium chloride and furosemide, prevented the increase in bladder weight ordinarily elicited by the dose of cyclophosphamide used in these experiments. In contrast, a diuretic, acetazolamide, that markedly increased urinary bicarbonate concentration and alkalinized the urine, did not. None of the diuretics altered the systemic metabolism and urinary excretion of cyclophosphamide nor did they alter the systemic action, as judged by spleen weight, of cyclophosphamide. These observations demonstrate that the pH of the urine and the urinary concentration of general base catalysts greatly influence the urotoxic potential of oxazaphosphorines such as cyclophosphamide. They indicate that while the use of acidifying diuretics is likely to be beneficial in minimizing oxazaphosphorine induced bladder toxicity, the use of alkalinizing diuretics may not be helpful. PMID- 7139635 TI - Editorial on management of drug toxicity. PMID- 7139631 TI - Therapy of bacterial meningitis. PMID- 7139636 TI - Hydroxy-9-methyl-2-ellipticinium for osseous metastases from breast cancer: a 5 year experience. AB - A group of 135 patients with osseous metastases from breast cancer were treated with hydroxy-9-methyl-2-ellipticinium (100 mg/m2 weekly). Although it was impossible to grade the response precisely, because only indirect criteria are available for assessing the course of bone metastases (radiographs, quantified 99mTc pyrophosphate scintigrams, CEA), it was considered that an objective response was obtained in 44 cases. These responses lasted from 3 to 17 months. The main characteristic of the compound is its lack of marrow toxicity, a valuable property in osseous lesions, where frequent marrow involvement makes it difficult to use conventional drugs. The major and most unpleasant side effect was an inhibition of salivary secretion, which causes other complications such as tongue mycosis, anorexia, and asthenia. Immunologic disorders were less frequent, and four patients developed severe tubular renal insufficiency. PMID- 7139638 TI - Phase II trial of mitoxantrone. PMID- 7139637 TI - Results of aggressive chemotherapy for acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia in adults. AB - Sixty-five patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia, ranging in age from 16 to 73 years (median, 54), were treated with thioguanine, cytarabine, daunorubicin, prednisone, and vincristine to induce complete remission. Remission was maintained with monthly 5-day courses of cytarabine and thioguanine for 4 years. Of the entire group, 57% achieved complete remission and 29% died in the first 30 days of treatment. The median remission duration was 15 months, with 20% of the complete responders predicted to remain in complete remission for 4 years. No primary central nervous system relapses have occurred. Of six variables examined by multivariate analysis, only age was predictive of remission success. Before analysis, the patients were divided into groups by age: group 1--ages 16 42 years (n = 17); group 2--ages 43-59 years (n = 25); and group 3--ages 60-73 years (n = 23). Complete remission rates were 76% in group 1, 64% in group 2, and 35% in group 3 (P = 0.002). Lower remission rates for older patients resulted from more early deaths rather than resistant disease. Age and LDH levels affected remission duration. The median complete remission duration was 48 months in group 1 and 10 months in groups 2 and 3 (P = 0.004). In group 1, 41% of patients achieving complete remission are predicted to remain in complete remission for 4 years. We concluded that this five-drug induction regimen is highly effective for induction therapy in younger adults with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia. The results in patients greater than or equal to 60 years of age are less satisfactory due to a lower remission rate and greater chance of early death. Furthermore, these results demonstrate that the program as described results in a longer duration of complete remission for patients of younger age. PMID- 7139639 TI - Hematopoietic stem cells in Friend murine leukemia virus-infected mice undergoing chemotherapy: effects of 5-FU. AB - Uninfected DBA/2 mice and those infected 12 days previously with the polycythemia inducing Friend murine leukemia virus were treated with 5-FU in doses of 18.75- 200 mg/kg ip, and the effects on spleen weight, reticulocytosis, and hematopoietic stem cell compartments CFU-S, CFU-C, and CFU-E was studied. The CFU E population of virus-infected mice, which had been completely independent of erythropoietin (Ep) in vitro before treatment, showed a considerable proportion of normal Ep-requiring CFU-E at Days 2--6 after doses less than or equal to 50 mg/kg, indicating a chemotherapy-induced remission. Later, Ep-independent growth was seen again, most probably due to a reinfection by the virus at the target cell level. The regeneration of all stem cell types was quicker in uninfected mice than in those infected with virus. These data are discussed in relation to results obtained with hydroxyurea treatment, where Ep-dependent CFU-E were also seen, and with respect to the effects of busulfan, carmustine, and dactinomycin, with their different modes of actin. The importance of effective antiviral therapy for the cure of such a virus-induced malignancy is emphasized. PMID- 7139640 TI - Salvage chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - Nineteen patients with advanced non-Hodgkin's lymphoma resistant to previous chemotherapy were treated with combination chemotherapy consisting of lomustine (CCNU), cytarabine, and prednisone. Eight patients (42%) had complete remission and four (21%) had partial remission. The median survival time of the 19 patients was greater than 14 months. The eight patients who had complete remission were still alive as of May 1, 1982, with a median follow-up time of 632 days (range, 365-1247). We believe that this combination chemotherapy scheme warrants further investigation. PMID- 7139641 TI - Ip immunotherapy and chemotherapy in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. AB - Nine patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer, classified as either stage III with macrometastatic residual disease or stage IV, received combination chemotherapy in conjunction with ip rabbit-derived human ovarian antitumor serum (HOATS). The HOATS regimen consisted of the ip instillation of 100 ml of ovarian antitumor serum on Days 1 and 3 of the first chemotherapy cycle. Side effects attributable to HOATS were low-grade fever in three patients and diffuse skin rash in two. The 1-year cumulative survival was 87%, with a clinical response rate of 80%. No significant toxic reactions to HOATS have been observed. Continuation of the present study seems justified. PMID- 7139642 TI - Phase II trial of mitoxantrone in advanced colorectal cancer. PMID- 7139643 TI - Phase II trial of bisantrene in advanced colorectal cancer: a cancer and leukemia group B study. PMID- 7139644 TI - Phase I trial of Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I immunoperfusion. AB - Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I has shown antitumor activity in in vitro and in animal tumor models. It is hypothesized that this antineoplastic effect results from the interaction of protein A on the cell surface of Cowan I strain S. aureus and immunosuppressive circulating immune complexes. Therefore, we treated five patients with ex vivo plasma immuno-perfusion over killed and fixed S. aureus Cowan I. Toxic effects were marked in all patients and appeared to be related to the plasma volume infused and rate of infusion. Toxic reactions occurred in the cardiovascular, respiratory, and hematopoietic systems. No responses even minimal or transient, were observed in this phase I trial. This toxicity may be reduced if the rate of plasma infusion decreases. PMID- 7139645 TI - Doxorubicin-DNA complex: a phase I clinical trial. AB - Thirty-five patients with advanced malignancies were treated with doxorubicin-DNA complex in a phase I clinical trial. The patients ranged in age from 30 to 77 years (median, 51) and received doxorubicin-DNA in doses that ranged from 20 to 135 mg/m2. Of the doses administered, 73% were 60-90 mg/m2 (median, 60). Nonhematologic toxic effects included nausea and vomiting in 32% of the patients, fever and chills in 24% mucositis in 18%, and decreases in ECG QRS voltage of greater than 30% in 18%. Fever of unknown origin was seen in 26% of the patients, with documented infection in 9%; 6% had drug-related deaths. All patients experienced alopecia. Hematologic toxic effects (median day, Day 14) included median granulocyte count nadirs of 0.8 X 10(3)/microliter at a 60-mg/m2 dose and 0.3 X 10(3)/microliter at 75 mg/m2. Thrombocytopenia was less severe, with median nadir counts of 131,000 cells/microliter at a 60-mg/m2 dose on median day. Day 13. Treatment courses could be repeated every 3 weeks. Clinical responses (complete plus partial) were seen in 12% of the patients, with an additional 48% showing stable disease. No patients entered in the study were known to be doxorubicin-resistant. Based on these data, we recommend a starting dose of 60 mg/m2 in patients with adequate bone marrow reserve and 50 mg/m2 in those with compromised bone marrows. Doxorubicin-DNA exhibits major clinical toxic effects on the gastrointestinal and hematopoietic systems, with dose-limiting granulocytopenia. PMID- 7139646 TI - Phase I study of SOAz. AB - SOAz, an inorganic cyclic derivative, was given as a single iv injection through one cycle in a phase I trial. Dose-limiting toxic effects noted were neutropenia and thrombocytopenia occurring at doses greater than or equal to 220 mg/M2 in patients with prior myelosuppressive treatment. The time to nadir for blood cell counts was long, as well as the time to recovery, so cumulative toxicity could be suspected. No other significant toxicity was noted. In patients with measurable volume, no significant antitumor responses were seen. For further study, the dose of 220 mg/m2 every 6-8 weeks according to hematologic restoration is recommended. PMID- 7139648 TI - Cytotoxic and cell kinetic effects of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzohydroxamic acid (VF 122) in hepatoma 3924A cells. AB - 3, 4, 5-Trihydroxybenzohydroxamic acid (VF 122), an inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, killed rat hepatoma 3924A cells in tissue cultured after 7 days of incubation. A concentration of 15 microM caused 50% inhibition of colony-forming ability (IC50). Under the same conditions, hydroxyurea, also an inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, had an IC50 of 52 microM. Treatment for 1 hr with VF 122 of exponentially growing culture resulted in a biphasic exponential dose response curve (Do = 0.5 mM, IC50 = 0.75 mM, and Do = 1.8 mM, IP = 0.8 mM). In plateau-phase cells, a threshold exponential curve was obtained (Do = 2.2 mM, Dq = 1.7 mM, and IC50 = 2.7 mM). Exponentially growing hepatoma 3924A cells were more sensitive to VF 122 than were plateau-phase cultures. In contrast, hydroxyurea killed only exponentially growing 3924A hepatoma cells, exhibiting an exponential plateau dose-response curve without achieving achieving an IC50 value at concentrations from 1 to 200 mM. In synchronized cultures, VF 122 (1 MM for 1 hr) was toxic for cells in mid and late G1 phase, in early and mid S phase, and, to a lesser degree, in G2 phase, Hydroxyurea (10 mM for 1 hr) killed cells only in S phase. Proliferating and resting hepatoma 3924A cells recovered from sublethal and potentially lethal damage induced by VF 122. PMID- 7139647 TI - Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) relative bioavailability after single high-dose administration in cancer patients. AB - A pharmacokinetic evaluation of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP, 6 alpha-methyl 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone acetate) was undertaken in 70 patients with advanced cancer treated either orally or im with single high doses. MAP plasma levels were determined by gas chromatography (63Ni electron capture detector) after derivatization with heptafluorobutyric anhydride, using 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone caproate as internal standard. Plasma levels after oral administration can be approximated by a triexponential function in agreement with a pharmacokinetic two-compartment open model with first-order absorption; peak levels are dose-related, but high interindividual variance is present. Following the administration, both decay phases are masked by prolonged absorption; peak levels are lower than after oral administration, but long-term bioavailability is higher, as demonstrated by comparison of the values for areas under curves in the 0-146-hour interval. The high interindividual ranges in the observed MAP plasma levels indicate that if any significant clinical evaluation is to be made, routine analysis of plasma MAP is mandatory. PMID- 7139649 TI - Prednimustine in combination with methotrexate and 5-FU (PMF): a pilot study. AB - A group of 47 patients with advanced breast cancer were treated with a combination of prednimustine, methotrexate, 5-FU, and tamoxifen. In this combination, with methotrexate and 5-FU administered at standard doses, hematologic toxicity of prednimustine at a dose of 100 mg/m2 orally on Days 1-5 repeated every 4 weeks was acceptable. Nausea and vomiting occurred in 40 of the 47 patients but was only grade 1-2 in 35 of these patients. Only one patient had alopecia to the extent of requiring a wig. Response to treatment could be evaluated in 28 patients; 21 achieved a response (complete or partial lasting a median of 13 months. PMID- 7139650 TI - Phase II study of an aziridinylbenzoquinone (AZQ) in disseminated malignant melanoma. AB - Thirty-four patients with advanced malignant melanoma received AZQ (an aziridinylbenzoquinone) at a dose of 22.5 or 27.5 mg/m2/month iv. Objective regressions among 23 previously untreated and 11 previously treated patients were two and none, respectively. Hematologic toxicity was dose-limiting. PMID- 7139651 TI - Phase II trial of PALA in hypernephroma and urinary bladder cancer. PMID- 7139652 TI - Combination chemotherapy in patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma previously treated with 5-FU. PMID- 7139653 TI - Methyl-GAG in advanced colon cancer: a phase II trial of the Southwest Oncology Group. PMID- 7139654 TI - Apparent cyclophosphamide hypersensitivity: urticaria associated with cyclophosphamide without prior sensitization. PMID- 7139655 TI - High-dose metoclopramide in cancer chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. PMID- 7139656 TI - High-dose metoclopramide: control of dacarbazine-induced emesis in a preliminary trial. PMID- 7139657 TI - Identification of 2-amino-2-deoxyglucose residues in the peptidoglucan of Streptococcus pneumoniae. PMID- 7139658 TI - Preparation and characterisation of fragment glycoasparagines from ovalbumin glycopeptides: reference compounds for structural and biochemical studies of the oligo-mannose and hybrid types of carbohydrate chains of glycoproteins. AB - Glycoasparagines obtained after exhaustive digestion by Pronase of purified ovalbumin were partially degraded by trifluoroacetic acid or subjected to Smith degradation. The partially degraded glycoasparagines thus obtained were first fractionated according to molecular size on Dowex 50W-X2 and then further fractionated by borate chromatography on a column of Sephadex A-25. For a mixture of glycoasparagines of similar molecular size, the latter procedure fractionates according to increasing content of mannosyl cis-2,3-diol. Ten fragment glycoasparagines have been prepared from ovalbumin glycoasparagines, and the structures determined by 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy and methylation analysis. PMID- 7139659 TI - Purification of a low-molecular-weight, mucin-type glycoprotein from human submandibular-sublingual saliva. AB - A low-molecular-weight, monomeric, mucin-type glycoprotein (MG2) has been isolated from human submandibular-sublingual saliva. Initial purification involved sequential gel-filtration on Sephadex G-200 and Sepharose CL-2B, the latter in the presence of 6M urea. Fractions containing MG2 were next separated from contaminating secretory IgA by immunoaffinity chromatography or recycling through Sephadex G-200. Mucin fractions were 14C-labeled by reductive methylation, and then the final purification-step entailed recycling radiolabeled materials through Sephadex G-200. Radiolabeling aided in the assessment of purity, as judged by SDS-PAGE and ion-exchange chromatography. The carbohydrate portion accounted for 69.6% of the recovered weight and was composed of N-acetyl glucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine, galactose, fucose, and N-acetylneuraminic acid. Sulfate was also present. The protein comprised 30.4% of the recovered weight with threonine, serine, proline, and glycine accounting for 75.2% of the total amino acids. The oligosaccharides were alkali-labile, indicating an O glycosyl linkage to the peptide. The mucin was weakly acidic and had an estimated mol. wt. of 200 000-250 000. PMID- 7139660 TI - Purification of lectin from some shellfish and ascidiacea. PMID- 7139662 TI - Prevention and detection of cancer. V. International Symposium, Sao Paulo, 16-22 May 1982. Abstracts. PMID- 7139661 TI - Structural investigations on the lipopolysaccharide isolated from Vibrio cholera Ogawa G-2102. PMID- 7139664 TI - Pyruvate--a substrate for amino acid synthesis in rat brain mitochondria. PMID- 7139663 TI - The respiratory heart rate relationship in the armadillo. PMID- 7139665 TI - Comparative ultrastructural localization of cerebellar acetylcholinesterase in reptiles. PMID- 7139666 TI - Influence of experimental scurvy on adrenomedullary catecholamine level in birds and mammals. PMID- 7139667 TI - A critical neurohistoenzymological study of the pigeon (Columba iiardia) tongue. PMID- 7139669 TI - [Czechoslovak Committee of Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War. Meeting held 1 July 1982 in Prague]. PMID- 7139668 TI - Histoenzymological analysis of AChE-positive locales and their functional significance amongst the constituents of medulla oblongata of golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). PMID- 7139670 TI - [The importance of the determination of immunocomplexes in the diagnosis of hepatitis B]. PMID- 7139671 TI - [Post-transfusion hepatitis. Effects of long-term screening for HBsAg carriers among blood donors]. PMID- 7139672 TI - [Interspecies differences in morphogenetic systems]. PMID- 7139673 TI - [Problems in transferring data from animals to man in behavioral teratology]. PMID- 7139674 TI - [Thorotrast-induced double tumor of the kidneys]. PMID- 7139675 TI - [Medical and legal problems of self-care and home hemodialysis]. PMID- 7139676 TI - [The effect ov residual renal clearance on the length of dialysis. Determination based on a mathematical model]. PMID- 7139677 TI - [The contaminated small intestine syndrome. Treatment with enterovaccine]. PMID- 7139679 TI - [Nephrogenous adenoma caused by analgesic abuse]. PMID- 7139678 TI - [Pasteurization of serum proteins and the immune response to administration. A study on rabbits]. PMID- 7139680 TI - [Psychotherapy as a necessity]. PMID- 7139681 TI - [Physiological deficits in healthy persons in aviation medicine]. PMID- 7139682 TI - [Creatine phosphate in the blood during physical loading]. PMID- 7139683 TI - [Use of the anaerobic threshold in stress diagnosis]. PMID- 7139684 TI - [Changes in serum amino acid levels after a 100 km run]. PMID- 7139685 TI - [Problems in treatment with chloroquine]. PMID- 7139686 TI - [The fragile chromosome X syndrome]. PMID- 7139688 TI - Fine structure and permeability of capillaries in the stria vascularis and spiral ligament of the inner ear of the guinea pig. AB - The blood capillaries in the stria vascularis and the spiral ligaments of guinea pigs were studied by electron microscopy with freeze-fracture and thin section methods, including tracer experiments with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and microperoxidase (MP). The endothelial cells of the capillaries of both tissues are connected by tight junctions, and contain about the same number of micropinocytotic vesicles. In cases of intravascular administration before fixation, both of the tracers stained the perivascular space and almost all endothelial vesicles in the stria vascularis. On the other hand, the perivascular space and many vesicles in the spinal ligament were unstained. The endothelial tight junctions in the stria vascularis prevented the penetration of HRP, but sometimes allowed the penetration of MP. Those of the spiral ligament were impermeable to both tracers. In cases of tracer administration after fixation, leakage spots of HRP from capillaries were sparsely located all over the stria vascularis. Transendothelial channels and isolated fenestrae formed by micropinocytotic vesicles were detected. It is concluded that the capillaries of the stria vascularis are similar to the muscle capillaries and to the capillaries of the elasmobranch brain, whereas those in the spiral ligament are similar to the brain capillaries of higher vertebrates. PMID- 7139687 TI - Development of the ovarian surface and associated germ cells in the human fetus. A correlated study by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. AB - The ovarian surface and associated germ cells have been studied in human fetuses from 12 weeks of age until near term, using light, TEM and SEM techniques. The surface epithelium and related cords proliferate extensively, especially at midterm. The cords of the ovarian cortex appear to be linked with ingrowths from the surface epithelium, and both structures have a common basal lamina. Germ cells are always interspersed among the somatic cells of the surface epithelium and associated cords. These results indicate that both the proliferating cords and surface epithelium may contribute to the formation of early follicles. Furthermore, the occurrence, of elements having some of the features of primitive steroidogenic cells in the regions of cord-surface epithelium continuity, suggests that both structures (surface epithelium and cords) contribute somatic cells, which in addition to becoming granulosa cells, might also contribute to the provision of primitive interstitial cells. Gonocytes tend to migrate through the developing ovarian tissue towards the surface where they become extruded into the peritoneal cavity. This phenomenon might contribute to the reduction in the number of germ cells at birth and parallels the atretic processes within the ovary. PMID- 7139689 TI - The histochemical localization of steroid binding sites in the pituitary gland of a teleost (the platyfish). AB - Specific binding sites for estrogen, testosterone, and progesterone have been demonstrated in the pituitary gland of mature male and female platyfish (Xiphophorus maculatus). With a histochemical procedure, fluorescent-steroid hormone conjugates were localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus of the gonadotrops of the caudal pars distalis (CPD) and in cells of the pars intermedia (PI) previously demonstrated to contain immunoreactive gonadotropin. The specificity of the response was confirmed by means of competitive binding analyses and by using fluoresceinated BSA not linked to steroids. The physiological significance of steroid binding in the PI, as well as in the CPD, is discussed in the light of other recent studies on the pituitary gland of the platyfish. PMID- 7139690 TI - On the mechanism of plasma membrane turnover in the salt gland of ducklings. Implications from DNA content, rates of DNA synthesis, and sites of DNA synthesis during the osmotic stressing and destressing cycle. AB - This study provides information on the rates of DNA synthesis, sites of DNA synthesis, and DNA content of the avian salt gland during the osmotic stressing (plasma membrane synthesis) and destressing (plasma membrane turnover) cycle, in an effort to better understand the relationship of cell turnover to the initial events in plasma membrane amplification, differentiation, and turnover. The rate of DNA synthesis increases 12--24 h after the onset of osmotic stress, is maximal at about 24 h of osmotic stress, and decreases thereafter in fully stressed and destressed glands. The maximum DNA and protein content, and the maximum protein/DNA ratio are obtained after about 3 days of stress. Autoradiograms show that at 24 hr of stress 70--80% of DNA synthesis occurs in connective tissue cells and 20--30% in parenchymal cells, but by 6 days of stress, synthesis occurs about equally in these cell groups. Because destressing is characterized by a large decrease in plasma membrane and in glandular protein, but by little DNA turnover or loss, the loss of plasma membrane is likely due to some type of cell dedifferentiation rather than cell turnover. PMID- 7139691 TI - The structure of the a hair mechanoreceptor in the antennule of crayfish (Crustacea). AB - In this study we examine the fine structure of mechanosensory hairs in the antennule of crayfish. The sensory hair is a stiff shaft with feather-like filaments. The hair's base is a large expansion of membrane which allows the hair shaft to deflect. The sensory transducing elements are located far from the hair, but are coupled mechanically with the hair shaft by a fine extracellular chorda. The sensory element is a type of scolopidium which consists of a scolopale cell and three sensory cells with a 9 + 0 type ciliary process. This type of scolopidium is characteristic of the chordotonal organ that has no cuticular structure on the surface of the exoskeleton. In this crustacean hair receptor, the deflection on the cuticular hair is transmitted through the chorda to the scolopidium which is a tension-sensitive transducer. The present study reveals that the mechanosensory hair of decapod crustaceans is a chordotonal organ accompanied by a cuticular hair structure. We also discuss comparative aspects of cuticular and subcuticular chordotonal organs in arthropods. PMID- 7139692 TI - Synaptic organisation and neuron microtubule distribution. AB - The microtubules in different parts of the neuron and synaptosomes were examined with respect to their stability, structure and orientation. On the basis of distribution, different labilities and differences in protofilament substructure seen by tannic acid staining, we have classified microtubules into eight major categories. Functional involvements in vesicle translocation, cytoskeletal support and the regulation of assembly/disassembly are considered. PMID- 7139693 TI - A morphometric study of 24-hour variations in subcellular structures of the rat pancreatic acinar cell. AB - Subcellular structures of pancreatic acinar cells were examined at six evenly spaced time points in the 24-h period (light cycle: 06.00 h--18.00 h) in four Wistar male rats at each time point. At each sampling point, the area and circumference of acinar cell bodies and the area, number and circumference of their cytoplasmic organelles were measured using a semiautomatic computer system for morphometry and a point-counting method. The area, number and circumference area ratio of the cytoplasmic organelles were subjected to strong circadian variations, and the cellular area and circumference exhibited weak circadian variations. Variation pattern of the cytoplasmic organelles suggested an intracellular route for secretory proteins during a 24-h span. From the results it was possible to divide the 24-h period into three stages. 1. The resting or protein synthetic stage (00.00 h to 08.00 h): the area of the rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (rER) was strongly increased, and that of zymogen granules was clearly decreased. 2. The granule accumulation stage (08.00 h to 16.00 h): the area of the rER was markedly decreased; that of zymogen granules was increased. 3. The secretion stage (16.00 h to 00.00): as a result of the release of zymogen granules from the acinar cell, the area of zymogen granules decreased, and that of the rER increased. The relationship between the area of the rER and zymogen granules varied in a reciprocal manner. Other cytoplasmic organelles, namely the Golgi complex, condensing vacuoles, mitochondria and lysosomes also varied prominently during the 24-h span, corresponding to variations in the rER and zymogen granules. PMID- 7139694 TI - Ultrastructural changes of sebaceous glands in castrated and testosterone-treated male rats. A qualitative and quantitative study. AB - The effect of testosterone on the sebaceous gland was studied in the male rat. Biopsies of dorsal skin from intact rats, from rats four weeks after castration, and from castrated rats treated with testosterone propionate for three weeks at a dose of 250 micrograms/kd/day (s.c.) were examined by electron microscopy. In the treated animals intermediate sacrifices were performed on days 4, 7, 14, 21. Stereology was used for a morphometric analysis of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). The presence of a vesicular endoplasmic reticulum throughout the cytoplasm of differentiating cells was observed in the sebaceous glands of intact rats. Following castration there was a shrinkage of these cells and a striking decrease in the volume density of the endoplasmic reticulum vesicles. The administration of testosterone to gonadectomized rats resulted in an increase in vesicle content above the normal level from the first week as revealed by stereological analysis. This study confirms the trophic effect of the androgen on the sebaceous gland at a subcellular level. Furthermore, it is shown that stereology is a useful method for detecting early hormone-induced changes and could be valuable for studying the effects of anti-androgens on this gland. PMID- 7139695 TI - Rhabdom size and photoreceptor membrane turnover in a muscoid fly. AB - The cross-sectional area of rhabdomeres in the compound eye of the blowfly, Lucilia, was found to remain constant under 12 h light/12 h dark cyclic lighting, and 10 days constant light or darkness. It was reduced only slightly during 3 h light after 10 days darkness (by 21%), or on exposure to 2 h darkness + 1.5 h light after 10 days light (by 10%). Morphological evidence indicates that shedding of photoreceptor membrane during turnover is achieved by an extracellular route, and by pinocytosis from the bases of the microvilli. The photoreceptor membrane shed by both mechanisms appears to accumulate in multivesicular bodies. The amount of photoreceptor membrane shedding, as indicated by numbers of multivesicular bodies, is constant throughout the day and night on cyclic lighting, decreases in constant darkness, but returns to its normal level after an exposure to 3 h light subsequent to 10 days darkness. PMID- 7139696 TI - The giant neurone system in ophiuroids. III. The detailed connections of the circumoral nerve ring. AB - The morphology of the circumoral nerve ring of an ophiuroid, Ophiura texturata, is described. Particular attention is given to a system of fibres which are giant by echinoderm standards, and which occur both in the ectoneural and hyponeural parts of the nerve ring. The giant fibres in the ectoneurla tissue do not show the complicated pattern of distribution present in the segmental ganglia of the radial nerves. The main areas of neuropil in the ectoneural tissue are associated with small axon bundles which leave the nerve ring to innervate the gut and disc. The hyponeural tissue is exclusively motor and is involved in the innervation of the main radial and inter-radial muscles of the disc. Branches of the motor nerves are also associated with juxtaligamental tissue, the secretory products from which are thought to influence the plasticity of collagenous connective tissue. The structure of the circumoral nerve ring suggests that it serves as a functional connection between the nerve cords in adjacent radii. The ultrastructural evidence does not support the view that the circumoral nerve ring represents a central nervous system. PMID- 7139697 TI - Estrogen-mediated exocytosis in the glandular epithelium of prostates in castrated and hypophysectomized dogs. AB - Glandular cells in the prostate of the intact, adult dog contain numerous, large secretory granules that are released by exocytosis. Following hypophysectomy or castration, the glandular epithelium atrophies and the secretory granules degenerate and eventually disappear. Pharmacologic doses of estradiol-17 beta 17 cyclopentylpropionate cause the regressed glandular cells to synthesize a new population of smaller granules that are also released by exocytosis, even though estrogen is known to inhibit fluid secretion by the canine prostate. Thus, the mechanisms involved in prostatic synthesis and exocytosis of secretory granules are independent of those regulating fluid secretion and are operative in the absence of androgen or pituitary hormones. PMID- 7139698 TI - Pulsed doppler echocardiographic detection of mitral regurgitation in mitral valve prolapse: correlation with cardiac arrhythmias. AB - The incidence of mitral regurgitation in mitral valve prolapse was studied retrospectively in 88 consecutive hospital based patients with mitral valve prolapse using pulsed Doppler echocardiography. Pulsed Doppler findings of turbulence in the left atrium were predictive of angiographic findings of mitral regurgitation in 31 patients. On 24-hr Holter monitoring, patients with mitral valve prolapse and mitral insufficiency had a higher prevalence of ventricular arrhythmias than patients without mitral insufficiency (61 vs 22%; P less than 0.02). Detection of mitral insufficiency identified individuals with mitral valve prolapse who are at higher risk of ventricular arrhythmias. PMID- 7139699 TI - Myocardial ischemia in patients with fixed occlusive coronary artery disease secondary to vasospasm in the "normal" vessel. AB - Seven patients with significant fixed occlusive coronary artery disease had coronary artery spasm in a "normal" vessel. All patients had one or more episodes of rest angina and six had exertional angina as well. Four sustained previous myocardial infarction. During spontaneous angina, five patients had ST-segment elevation in the inferior electrocardiographic leads. One patient had ST-segment elevation in anterior leads. During angiography, spasm was demonstrated in the right coronary artery in three patients and in the left anterior descending coronary artery in one patient. This study emphasizes the interaction of fixed and vasospastic disease and has strong implications concerning the management of patients with ischemic heart disease. PMID- 7139700 TI - Permanent pacemaker implantation in the cardiac catheterization laboratory: the subclavian vein approach. AB - During a 36-month period, 171 permanent pacemaker procedures were performed in the cardiac catheterization laboratory by invasive cardiologists. This included 111 initial pacemaker system implants, via the percutaneous subclavian vein approach, 45 pulse generator changes, and 15 miscellaneous procedures. In no case did subclavian vein puncture result in pneumothorax, hemothorax, or brachial plexus injury. In patients undergoing initial lead placement, the dislodgment rate was 0.8% over a 16-month follow-up period. The reoperation rate for causes other than premature battery depletion was 5.4% during the first 12 months. The implantation of permanent pacemakers can be safely and effectively accomplished by experienced invasive cardiologists in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. In our series not only was continuity of patient care improved, but also medical costs were reduced. PMID- 7139702 TI - The myocardial oxygen supply/demand ratio in patients with and without coronary artery disease. AB - This study was performed to assess the relationship between coronary sinus blood flow (by thermodilution) and myocardial oxygen demand (heart rate-systolic arterial pressure double product) during atrial pacing in patients with and without coronary artery disease. In 11 individuals with coronary artery disease, pacing was performed to ischemia, as reflected by electrocardiographic changes or lactate production; 8 patients without coronary artery disease served as controls. Coronary sinus blood flow (in ml/min) was similar for the two groups at rest. However, the increase in coronary blood flow from rest to peak pacing was less (P = 0.025) in those with coronary artery disease (50 +/- 26 ml/min) than in controls (79 +/- 26 ml/min). The ratio of coronary sinus blood flow to double product was the same at rest in both groups (11.1 +/- 2.2 x 10(-3) controls, 11.6 +/- 2.7 x 10(-3) coronary artery disease; NS). At peak pacing, it was unchanged in the controls (10.4 +/- 2.0 x 10(-3)) but fell in those with coronary artery disease (9.0 +/- 2.5 x 10(-3); P = 0.002). The aortic-coronary sinus oxygen content difference was similar at rest in both groups and did not change in response to pacing in either group. Thus, in response to augmented myocardial oxygen demand, patients without coronary artery disease have an appropriate increase in coronary blood flow and myocardial oxygen supply, while in those with coronary artery disease who develop ischemia the increment in myocardial blood flow (and oxygen supply) is inappropriately low. PMID- 7139701 TI - First-pass radionuclide angiocardiography in the determination of left-to-right cardiac shunt site in children. AB - To ascertain if the level of a left-to-right cardiac shunt can be reliably established by first-pass radionuclide angiocardiography with 99mTc pertechnetate, 102 children have been studied; 19 without a shunt, 26 with an atrial septal defect (ASD), 45 with a ventricular septal defect (VSD), and 12 with a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Time-activity curves were generated over the right atrium and ventricle, and several quantitative parameters were derived from the curves. It was concluded that in the absence of right-sided valvular incompetence, the time-activity curves show the greatest abnormality in the cardiac chambers distal to the left-to-right shunt. The right ventricular curve is typically altered in ASD but cannot be relied upon to differentiate VSD or PDA. The identification of ASD is assisted by the use of two of the parameters, the count ratio C4:C1 and time ratio T2-T1. PMID- 7139703 TI - Long-term survival despite multiple complications of acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7139704 TI - Use of a personal computer in the measurement, calculation, and reporting of noninvasive cardiac data. AB - Echocardiography, phonocardiography, and carotid pulse tracings enable the cardiologist to measure and calculate over 40 different noninvasive parameters including cardiac chamber size, indices of left ventricular performance, and estimates of mean left atrial pressure. However, the entire procedure requires meticulous measurements and time-consuming calculations, particularly when some of the data must be corrected for heart rate or body size. Because of this, many busy noninvasive cardiac laboratories routinely calculate only a few select parameters in most patients. To solve this problem, we used a personal computer system and developed a program that allows rapid, accurate measurement, calculation, display, reporting, magnetic storage, and retrieval of noninvasive cardiac data. The computer is not dedicated to these tasks alone and with appropriate software can also be used for other clinical, educational, office management, and research purposes. PMID- 7139706 TI - Automated blood pressure measurement during ergometer exercise in children. AB - The measurement of systolic and diastolic blood pressure during exercise is often difficult to perform due to patient motion and environmental noise. We evaluated an automated system of blood pressure determination in 121 children undergoing cycle ergometer stress testing. The system (Critikon Model 1165) utilized acoustic transduction, with electrocardiogram gating and microprocessor signal filtering. One observer measured the blood pressure values from the same arm as the automated system; this observer was blinded to the readout of the system. The correlation coefficients for systolic blood pressure at rest, during exercise, and during recovery were all greater than 0.91, and improved with the use of a stethophone adapter. This system can eliminate intraobserver variation as well as the necessity for the technician or physician to direct attention away from the electrocardiogram and patient during stress testing. PMID- 7139705 TI - Percutaneous vs surgical placement of intra-aortic balloon assist. AB - Fifty-three patients required IABP over a one-year period. The type of insertion (percutaneous vs surgical) was used randomly. The hemodynamic effect, complication rate, and inability to insert the balloon were similar in both groups. Besides less trauma and cost-effectiveness, the most important advantage of percutaneous over surgical balloon insertion is shorter time interval between decision and insertion which thus allows faster stabilization of ischemic heart patients. PMID- 7139707 TI - Transseptal left heart catheterization: utility of a sheath technique. AB - This report describes our experience with a modified sheath transseptal catheter system. The sheath technique allows for introduction of various catheters into the left heart, including a uniquely designed pigtail catheter intended for use with this system. Fifty-three patients underwent successful transseptal catheterization, 44 of whom had severe native aortic valve stenosis and seven with suspected prosthetic aortic valve dysfunction. The technique provides optimal ventriculographic and hemodynamic information as well as improved access to the left heart in patient with aortic valve disease. PMID- 7139708 TI - Cytoplasmic microtubule-associated proteins: phosphorylation at novel sites is correlated with their incorporation into assembled microtubules. AB - We have analyzed the detailed structure and cytoplasmic distribution of cytoplasmic microtubule-associated proteins. The procedure used to identify these proteins, based on preparation of detergent-extracted cytoskeletons, permits separation of fractions containing assembled and unassembled microtubule proteins. We show that two of these proteins, 69 and 80 kd, are closely related to one another and that each protein is present as a set of structurally related polypeptides with differing isoelectric points. In both neuroblastoma and pheochromocytoma cells, several of the isoelectric variants are greatly enriched in the fraction containing assembled microtubule components. Their differential distribution is correlated with phosphorylation at novel sites on the protein. These results support the possibility that covalent modification of a cytoskeletal component may specify its functional state. PMID- 7139709 TI - Heat-shock-induced alterations of ribosomal protein phosphorylation in plant cell cultures. AB - Heat shock of cell suspension cultures of tomato (Lycopersicon peruvianum) results in a rapid and reversible decline of the phosphorylation level of a single basic ribosomal protein of the small subunit (tentatively identified as ribosomal protein S6). Simultaneously, phosphate labeling of several acidic ribosomal proteins of the large subunit is enhanced. Data on the temperature dependent distribution of S6 subspecies and on the kinetics and reversibility of S6 phosphorylation are given. The decreased phosphorylation of S6 at temperatures higher than 35 degrees C coincides with the onset of heat shock protein synthesis and precedes a decline of the mitotic index. Recovery from heat shock is characterized by S6 rephosphorylation and, subsequently, leads to an abnormally high mitotic index. PMID- 7139710 TI - Methylation of deoxycytidine incorporated by excision-repair synthesis of DNA. AB - Methylation of deoxycytidine incorporated by DNA excision-repair was studied in human diploid fibroblasts following damage with ultraviolet radiation, N-methyl-N nitrosourea, or N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene. In confluent, nondividing cells, methylation in repair patches induced by all three agents is slow and incomplete. Whereas after DNA replication in logarithmic-phase cultures a steady state level of 3.4% 5-methylcytosine is reached in less than 2 hr after cells are labeled with 6- 3H-deoxycytidine, following ultraviolet-stimulated repair synthesis in confluent cells it takes about 3 days to reach a level of approximately 2.0% 5 methylcytosine in the repair patch. In cells from cultures in logarithmic-phase growth, 5-methylcytosine formation in ultraviolet-induced repair patches occurs faster and to a greater extent, reaching a level of approximately 2.7% in 10-20 hr. Preexisting hypomethylated repair patches in confluent cells are methylated further when the cells are stimulated to divide; however, the repair patch may still not be fully methylated before cell division occurs. Thus DNA damage and repair may lead to heritable loss of methylation at some sites. PMID- 7139711 TI - Comparisons of the complete sequences of two collagen genes from Caenorhabditis elegans. AB - Several collagen genes have been isolated from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The complete nucleotide sequences of two of these genes, col-1 and col 2, have been determined. These collagen genes differ from vertebrate collagen genes in that they contain only one or two introns, their triplehelical regions are interrupted by nonhelical amino acid sequences and they are smaller. A high degree of nucleotide and amino acid homology exists between col-1 and col-2. In particular, the regions around cysteines and lysines are most highly conserved. The C. elegans genome contains 50 or more collagen genes, the majority of which probably encode cuticle collagens; col-1 and col-2 apparently are members of this large family of cuticle collagen genes. PMID- 7139712 TI - A major developmental transition in early Xenopus embryos: II. Control of the onset of transcription. AB - We have shown in the accompanying paper that a developmental transition occurs at the midblastula stage (cleavage 12) in Xenopus embryos, and that this midblastula transition (MBT) is apparently initiated when the ratio of nucleus to cytoplasm reaches a critical value. One manifestation of this transition is the onset of transcription. We show here that a plasmid containing a cloned gene coding for a yeast leucine tRNA comes under developmental control when injected into cleaving eggs. In pre-MBT eggs this plasmid is transiently transcribed and then becomes inactive; however, it becomes transcriptionally active again at the MBT. This pre MBT suppression of transcription can be reversed by addition of competing DNA. The amount of DNA needed to induce premature transcription is equal to the amount of nuclear DNA present after 12 cleavages (24 ng), suggesting that the MBT is triggered by the DNA through titration of suppressor components present in the egg. PMID- 7139714 TI - Transcription of Cauliflower mosaic virus DNA: detection of promoter sequences, and characterization of transcripts. AB - Four RNA transcripts encoded by cauliflower mosaic virus DNA have been detected in the polyadenylated RNA from virus-infected turnip leaves. Two of these transcripts, the major 35S and the 8S species, have the same 5' termini, at nucleotide 7435. A viral DNA fragment encompassing this region directs transcription initiation at this point in vitro. The 5' terminus of the 19S transcript is at nucleotide 5764, and a corresponding viral DNA fragment also directs transcription initiation in vitro. The major 35S RNA is a complete transcript of the circular viral genome, and is 3'-coterminal with 19S RNA at nucleotide 7615. The 8S RNA has its 3' extremity at delta 1, the single-stranded interruption in the transcribed strand of virion DNA. A minor 35S RNA has also been detected that has its 5' and 3' termini at delta 1. PMID- 7139713 TI - Involvement of spectrin in the maintenance of phase-state asymmetry in the erythrocyte membrane. AB - The fluorescent probe merocyanine 540 does not stain the plasma membrane of normal human or murine erythrocytes, nor of genetically abnormal human spherocytic erythrocytes. It does, however, stain erythrocyte membranes in several systems in which the underlying spectrin network is altered or missing. Because of the greater affinity of merocyanine 540 for fluid--phase lipid bilayers, these results suggest that the external leaflet of erythrocyte membranes becomes more disordered upon alteration or loss of the internal spectrin network. Analysis of the transbilayer arrangement of membrane phospholipids by digestion with phospholipase A2 suggests that lipid compositional asymmetry of the erythrocyte membrane is responsible for a phase state asymmetry between the two lipid leaflets, and that spectrin is required to maintain this asymmetry and the gel-like state of the external leaflet. PMID- 7139715 TI - Undermethylation at the 5' end of the albumin gene is necessary but not sufficient for albumin production by rat hepatoma cells in culture. AB - We have measured methylation of the albumin gene in clones of rat hepatoma cells that vary quantitatively in their rates of synthesis of albumin and in variant and hybrid cells that produce no albumin. Although the albumin gene is undermethylated for its entire length in rat liver, only the 5' end is ever undermethylated in hepatoma cells. Moreover, undermethylation of the 5' end of the gene appears to be necessary for stable expression of the albumin gene in hepatoma cells. Since undermethylation of this region is found in some variant cells that fail to produce albumin, it is not a sufficient condition for albumin gene expression. Despite the excellent correlation between undermethylation of the 5' end of the albumin gene and its stable expression, the results argue against the possibility that the methylated state of such genes during development determines whether they will or will not be expressed. PMID- 7139717 TI - Processes and mechanisms of fertilization and early development in sea urchin and other marine invertebrates. Joint U.S.-Japan seminar, September 4-8, 1981. PMID- 7139716 TI - Transcription of cloned Xenopus laevis ribosomal DNA microinjected into Xenopus oocytes, and the identification of an RNA polymerase I promoter. AB - Transcription of a cloned Xenopus laevis ribosomal DNA (rDNA) fragment, microinjected into Xenopus oocytes, is initiated at the in vivo 40S pre-ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) site (+/- 2 bp) by RNA polymerase I. An X. laevis RNA polymerase I promoter has been mapped by studying the transcription of in vitro rDNA mutants in the oocyte system. The active promoter lies within the DNA segment beginning 145 bp upstream, and most probably ending 16 bp downstream, from the 40S pre-rRNA initiation site (-145 bp to +16 bp). Furthermore, active promoter elements lie more than 35 bp upstream from the initiation site (-35 bp). The X. laevis RNA polymerase I promoter therefore lies mainly upstream from the 40S pre-rRNA initiation site. Independent deletion of three adjacent rDNA segments lying between -61 and +16 bp reduces promoter activity by a factor of more than 16. The central of these "null" deletions removes an oligo(T)6 motif at -27 bp that is in an analogous position to the Goldberg-Hogness (TATA) box of RNA polymerase II promoters. PMID- 7139718 TI - Prostaglandin E2 modulation of human monocyte antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against human red blood cells. PMID- 7139719 TI - Griffonia simplicifolia I lectin mediates macrophage-induced cytotoxicity against Ehrlich ascites tumor. PMID- 7139721 TI - Effect of crude and purified human chorionic gonadotropin on murine delayed-type hypersensitivity: a role for prostaglandins. PMID- 7139720 TI - In vitro induction of primary and secondary xenoimmune responses by liposomes containing human colon tumor cell antigens. PMID- 7139722 TI - Influence of a lymphokine fraction containing eosinophil stimulation promoter (ESP) on oxidative and degranulation responses of murine eosinophils. PMID- 7139723 TI - A model for the microtubule organizing activity of the centrosomes and kinetochores in mammalian cells. PMID- 7139724 TI - Sialic acid in mouse parotid plasma membranes: its relationship with secretion and cell proliferation. PMID- 7139725 TI - Effect of monensin on chromaffin cells and the mechanism of organelle swelling. PMID- 7139727 TI - Combined light microscope and scanning electron microscope, a new instrument for cell biology. PMID- 7139726 TI - Membranes of matrix-vesicles in early developing dentine. A freeze fracture study. PMID- 7139728 TI - [The world outlook on the undergraduate training of pharmacists]. PMID- 7139729 TI - [Residual pesticides in drugs. I. Determination of residual hydrogen phosphide in drugs using gas chromatography]. PMID- 7139730 TI - [Primary myogenic skin tumours (Multiple piloleiomyoma, subcutaneous leiomyosarcoma)]. PMID- 7139731 TI - [Pityriasis rosea type of multiple foci of microsporosis caused by M. canis]. PMID- 7139732 TI - [Gonorrhea of the sex organs in men and women as a clinical and epidemiological problem (our observations)]. PMID- 7139733 TI - [Comparison of amoxycillin, rifampicin and erythromycin in the single-dose peroral treatment of gonorrhea]. PMID- 7139734 TI - [Skin and nerves - 1]. PMID- 7139735 TI - [Nomenclature and classification of the most important liver diseases]. PMID- 7139736 TI - [Effect of exogenous RNA on the regenerating activity of the liver after partial hepatectomy and after damage of the hepatic tissue by tetrachloromethane]. PMID- 7139737 TI - [Coloscopic diathermocoagulation polypectomy]. PMID- 7139739 TI - [Our experience with 100 proximal selective vagotomies in the treatment of peptic duodenal ulcers]. PMID- 7139738 TI - [Transhepatic cholangiography with a thin Chiba needle in the diagnosis of biliary disease]. PMID- 7139740 TI - [Acute pancreatitis in leptospirosis]. PMID- 7139741 TI - [Pregnancy after transfer of the oocyte fertilized in vitro into the fallopian tube]. PMID- 7139742 TI - [Prognostic value of determining HPL for threatened fetuses during risk pregnancies]. PMID- 7139743 TI - [Sexual socialization of women Stein-Laventhal syndrome]. PMID- 7139744 TI - [Initial success at the semen cryobank in Ostrava]. PMID- 7139745 TI - [Problems in instituting the rooming-in system]. PMID- 7139746 TI - [Intraperitoneal administration of radiogold in patients with ovarian cancer]. PMID- 7139747 TI - [The significance of dosimetry in monitoring radiogold after intraperitoneal administration]. PMID- 7139749 TI - [Determination of fetal lung maturity in diabetic pregnancy]. PMID- 7139748 TI - [Spectrophotometry of amniotic fluid in cholestatic hepatosis]. PMID- 7139750 TI - [Evolutionary aspects of the onset of physiologic delivery]. PMID- 7139751 TI - [Analysis of information from the Registry of Pathological Newborn Infants and Perinatal Deaths]. PMID- 7139752 TI - [Experimental study with a prototype phacoemulsifier manufactured in Czechoslovakia]. PMID- 7139753 TI - [Bilateral cataract extraction]. PMID- 7139755 TI - [Anatomical and functional results of cerclage in rhegmatogenic retinal detachments]. PMID- 7139754 TI - [Present possibilities of performing corepraxis in occlusion and dislocation of the pupil]. PMID- 7139757 TI - [Use of the dynamic echo(cardio)tomograph ATL Mark V in ophthalmology. Preliminary study]. PMID- 7139756 TI - [Survival of patients after enucleation of the eye for malignant melanoma]. PMID- 7139758 TI - [Ocular manifestations of avitaminosis A]. PMID- 7139759 TI - [Axenfeld's emissaria - an inborn scleral anomaly]. PMID- 7139760 TI - [Negative effects of drugs on the eye]. PMID- 7139761 TI - [Methods of diagnosis and treatment approach in patients with metastases in cervical nodes and a hidden primary tumor]. PMID- 7139762 TI - [Non-tumorous destruction and deformity in the region of the paranasal sinuses]. PMID- 7139763 TI - [Pseudotumors of the orbit]. PMID- 7139764 TI - [Immunoglobulins in the tissues of adenoid vegetations in children with wheezing bronchitis]. PMID- 7139765 TI - [Hereditary component in the etiology of nasal polyps]. PMID- 7139766 TI - [Experience with the surgical treatment of laryngeal stenosis and bilateral interruption of the recurrent nerve]. PMID- 7139767 TI - [Experience with transmaxillary ethmoidectomy by the Jansen-Winkler method]. PMID- 7139768 TI - [A case of acrocephalosyndactylia - (Apert's syndrome]. PMID- 7139769 TI - [Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AIL) in a 70-year-old patient with otorhinolaryngologic manifestations]. PMID- 7139770 TI - [Mortality in malignant tumors at the children's otorhinolaryngology clinic in the past 30 years]. PMID- 7139771 TI - [Damage to the deglutition tract by Dieffenbachia]. PMID- 7139772 TI - [Fibromatosis colli]. PMID- 7139773 TI - [Chondrosarcoma of the larynx]. PMID- 7139774 TI - [Dermoid cyst of the tongue]. PMID- 7139775 TI - [Experimental contusion of the spinal cord. Quantitative determination of the permeability of spinal vessels for 125I albumin]. PMID- 7139776 TI - [A view of modern problems in cerebral abscesses]. PMID- 7139777 TI - [Expansive processes in the posterior cranial fossa and changes in intracranial pressure during the preoperative and postoperative period]. PMID- 7139778 TI - [Dynamic study of the cerebrospinal fluid space and its clinical significance. Initial experience]. PMID- 7139779 TI - [Report on clinical findings obtained in research on the rigidity, flexibility and resistance to injury of the cervical spine]. PMID- 7139780 TI - [Arteriovenous malformation indicated for surgery after computer tomography as a glioma]. PMID- 7139781 TI - [Supratentorial arachnoid cysts]. PMID- 7139782 TI - [Traumatic aneurysm]. PMID- 7139783 TI - [Persistent primitive trigeminal artery. Clinical and angiographic study with anatomic verification]. PMID- 7139784 TI - [The effect of peroral administration of the mucolytic Mucopront on the ultrastructure of the epithelium of the respiratory tract]. PMID- 7139786 TI - [Questions on the etiopathogenesis of "idiopathic" paralysis of the facial nerve in childhood]. PMID- 7139785 TI - [A vascular ring associated with a cervical aortic arch]. PMID- 7139787 TI - [Peroral rehydration and early refeeding in toxic dyspepsia in infants]. PMID- 7139788 TI - [Neonatal aphthous stomatitis related to breast feeding in 2 siblings]. PMID- 7139790 TI - [Incapacitating chronic diseases in childhood]. PMID- 7139789 TI - [Nuclear medicine in pediatrics]. PMID- 7139791 TI - [Psychological aspects of chronic incapacitating diseases]. PMID- 7139793 TI - [How to correctly collect a dry drop of blood for screening]. PMID- 7139792 TI - [Morbidity in risk newborn infants and newborn infants in control groups during the 1st year of life and the effect of social conditions on infant morbidity]. PMID- 7139794 TI - [Preparation of the pediatrician for the level I examination]. PMID- 7139795 TI - [Training of management personnel in health care services]. PMID- 7139796 TI - [Modalities of preventive therapeutic care]. PMID- 7139798 TI - [Understanding the health needs of man]. PMID- 7139797 TI - [Problems in the practice of social medicine]. PMID- 7139799 TI - [Basic methods of processing data on deaths and causes of death in a general assessment of health status]. PMID- 7139800 TI - [The present status of training in the field of health education]. PMID- 7139801 TI - [Seasonal onset of menarche in Eastern Slovakian girls in relation to the size of the community]. PMID- 7139802 TI - [Human ecology and social medicine]. PMID- 7139803 TI - [Our experience with pharmacoangiography of the pancreas]. PMID- 7139804 TI - [The arteriomesenteric compression syndrome]. PMID- 7139805 TI - [An unusual case of perforation of a splenic artery aneurysm]. PMID- 7139806 TI - [Problems in percutaneous drainage of the bile ducts]. PMID- 7139807 TI - [Kinetics of plasma clearance of bromthalein [Merck] after hepatotropic contrast media]. PMID- 7139808 TI - [Experience with the surgical verification of x-ray findings in the middle ear]. PMID- 7139810 TI - [Radiotherapy of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas]. PMID- 7139809 TI - [Estimating dosage in the fetus]. PMID- 7139812 TI - [Replacement of the imported ultrathin Chiba needle with a modified Rekord needle]. PMID- 7139811 TI - [Experience with short-term irradiation of bone metastases by high fractions]. PMID- 7139813 TI - A new class of nitrosoureas. VI. Synthesis and antitumor activity of 3 substituted-1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosid-2-yl)-1 nitrosoureas. PMID- 7139814 TI - Pyridone-carboxylic acids as antibacterial agents. I. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 1-alkyl-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-1,8- and 1,6-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acids. PMID- 7139815 TI - Solution synthesis of a heptacosapeptide known as bovine gamma 3-melanotropin (gamma 3-MSH). PMID- 7139817 TI - Structural analogs of leukotrienes C and D avd their contractile activities. PMID- 7139816 TI - Further synthesis of enkephalinol analogs containing the dipeptide unit Tyr-Arg (kyotorphin). PMID- 7139818 TI - Differential radioactivity uptake from 14C-labeled D- and L-leucine by the pancreas of animals pretreated with pancreatitis-causing agents. PMID- 7139819 TI - Synthesis of the pentadecapeptide corresponding to the entire amino acid sequence of salmon alpha-melanotropin II (alpha-MSH II). PMID- 7139820 TI - A study on endocrine disorder in patients with chronic renal failure. I. Synthesis and biological activity of human gastrin I. PMID- 7139821 TI - Studies on ergothioneine. VII. Some effects on ergothioneine on glycolytic metabolism in red blood cells from rats. PMID- 7139822 TI - Statistical study of the model-independent method to describe the blood disappearance profile of intravenously administered drugs. PMID- 7139823 TI - Influence of physicochemical properties of polylactic acid on the characteristics and in vitro release patterns of polylactic acid microspheres containing local anesthetics. PMID- 7139824 TI - Alkylation of DNA with a mitomycin derivative, 7-N-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-mitomycin C. Reductive alkylation nd preferential binding to adenine. PMID- 7139825 TI - Reduction of methyl 5-nitro-2-furoate by xanthine oxidase: an evidence for hydroxylaminofuran formation. PMID- 7139826 TI - Kinetic studies on pancreatic lipase activity in micellar systems. I. Inhibition by sodium deoxycholate micelles. PMID- 7139827 TI - Synthesis of quinones having carboxy- and hydroxy-alkyl side chains, and their effects on rat-liver lysosomal membrane. PMID- 7139828 TI - Syntheses and antimicrobial activities of fomecins A and B, asperugin, and related compounds. PMID- 7139829 TI - The determination of human urinary gamma-esterase activity using antibody conjugated paper disk. PMID- 7139830 TI - Affinity purification, crystallization, and amino acid analysis of hog kidney mutarotase type II. PMID- 7139831 TI - Studies on microcapsules. I. Role and effect of coacervation-inducing agents in the microencapsulation of ascorbic acid by a phase separation method. PMID- 7139832 TI - Studies on pharmaceutical drug design for suppositories. I. Effect of physicochemical properties of surfactants and polymers on emulsion-type bases. PMID- 7139833 TI - Studies on pharmaceutical drug design for suppositories. II. Rheological properties of emulsion-type suppository bases. PMID- 7139834 TI - Influence of surfactants, polymers, and concentration of the water phase on in vitro drug release from emulsion-type suppositories. PMID- 7139835 TI - Directly compressed tablets containing chitin or chitosan in addition to lactose or potato starch. PMID- 7139836 TI - Influence of the liquid phase coexisting in fatty suppository bases on the polymorphic transition rate. PMID- 7139837 TI - Physico-chemical and antitumor characteristics of high molecular weight prodrugs of mitomycin C. PMID- 7139838 TI - A proposed method for the prediction of stability based on actual field temperatures. PMID- 7139839 TI - Detoxication capacity of a multiple (w/o/w) emulsion for the treatment of drug overdose. II. Detoxication of quinine sulfate with the emulsion in the gastro intestinal tract of rabbits. PMID- 7139840 TI - Configuration at C-23 in 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,23-tetrol excreted by patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. PMID- 7139841 TI - New dimeric analogs of 2-aminodipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole: synthesis and interaction with DNA. PMID- 7139842 TI - Interaction of secretin with basolateral membrane fraction from rat gastric mucosa: membrane preparation and secretin binding. PMID- 7139843 TI - Synthesis and immunostimulating activity of FK-156 analogues: fatty acid derivatives of N-[N alpha-(gamma-D-glutamyl)-L-lysyl]-D-alanine. PMID- 7139844 TI - Effects of benzyl alcohol on phosphatidylcholine lamellar phase with different water contents. AB - Effects of benzyl alcohol (BA) on the bilayer thickness dl and the fluidity of egg phosphatidylcholine (PC) lamellar phase with various water contents have been studied by X-ray diffraction and the proton spin-lattice relaxation rate. At lower water contents, BA causes dl to decrease and the rate of molecular motions to increase. By contrast, with increasing BA at excess water, dl remains nearly unchanged, though the rate of motions increases. Hydration experiment for egg phosphatidylcholine lamellae with BA at a 1 : 1 molar ratio shows that in the range from 15% to 30% water, dl decreases to the value of the fully hydrated sample without BA and is nearly constant above 30% water. The value at full hydration is suggested to be a lower limit of the bilayer thickness, the chain is in the unperturbed state. It is in an extended structure at lower water contents. This leads to the difference in the effect of BA on the bilayer thickness at different water contents. PMID- 7139845 TI - Permeability of bilayers composed of mixtures of saturated phospholipids. AB - Liposomes composed of an equimolar binary mixture of phospholipids were from a series of saturated phosphatidylcholines (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamines (PE). Mixtures were chosen such that the two phospholipids differed either in terms of head group alone, chain length alone, or both head group and chain length. Cation effluxes, both with and without ionophores (nigericin and valinomycin) were measured over a range of temperatures that encompassed the regions of phase separation for these different lipid mixtures. There was a good correlation between the temperatures at which permeability maxima and phase separation occur. For phospholipid mixtures with the same acyl chain but different head groups (PC vs. PE), the PC component 'controls' permeability. For mixtures of PCs differing in chain length, the short chain lipid dominates the permeability pattern particularly if the chain length are sufficiently different. Lipids differing in both head group and chain length give rise to more complex permeability patterns. The results of the present study are interpreted in terms of a model in which one of the lipid components of the mixture may specifically congregate at defects between co-existing phases and thus 'regulate' permeability. PMID- 7139846 TI - Composition and metabolism of phospholipids of human leukocytes. AB - Human mononuclear (MN) and polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes were analyzed for their phospholipid, triglyceride, cholesterol and fatty acid content. The phospholipid/cholesterol ratio was 1.24 for both cells. MN cells contain more phosphatidylcholine (PC), but less phosphatidylserine (PS), Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and sphingomyelin (SPH) than PMN cells when expressed as percent of total phospholipid. When expressed on the basis of lipid content per cell, MN cells contain less PS, PE and SPH but more triglyceride than PMN cells. PMN cells incorporate palmitic, stearic, linoleic and linolenic acids into their phospholipids, triglycerides or cholesterol esters. The incorporation into triglycerides was highest for all fatty acids. Of the phospholipids, the incorporation was highest into PC. Labeled fatty acids also were found in proteins which had been delipidized by exhaustive extraction with organic solvents. These represent tightly or covalently bound fatty acids. The incorporation [3H] palmitic acid into this protein fraction is stimulated by insulin. PMID- 7139847 TI - Comparative study on the properties of saturated phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine bilayers: barrier characteristics and susceptibility to phospholipase A2 degradation. AB - comparative studies on bilayer systems of saturated phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines revealed a maximum in ionic permeability in phosphatidylcholine bilayers at the temperature of the gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition but such an increase in permeability was not detectable in bilayers of phosphatidylethanolamine. Furthermore, it was found that at the phase transition temperature the phosphatidylcholine bilayers are subject to rapid hydrolysis by pancreatic phospholipase A2 whereas phosphatidylethanolamine bilayers are not. These differences are discussed in view of detailed information on the molecular organization in the gel and liquid crystalline phases of the two phospholipid classes. PMID- 7139848 TI - A phase II study of prednimustine in acute non-lymphocytic leukemia, smouldering leukemia, and refractory anemia with excess blasts. AB - Prednimustine, an ester of chlorambucil and prednisolone, was evaluated for efficacy and toxicity in a selected group of leukemia patients with a poor prognosis. Disease subsets consisted of patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) over age 60; ANLL refractory to standard therapy; smouldering leukemia; and refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB). In agreement with previous studies, toxicity from Prednimustine was relatively mild, consisting primarily of infrequent myelosuppression, gastrointestinal side-effects, and mild hyperglycemia. This study did not, however, confirm previously reported remission rates in ANLL: in 41 evaluable patients only two complete remissions were achieved. Both occurred in the subset of patients with smouldering leukemia. We conclude that Prednimustine has limited activity in this patient population. PMID- 7139849 TI - Therapy of liver tumors metastatic from colorectal cancer with whole-liver radiation combined with 5-FU, adriamycin, and methotrexate. AB - Twenty-seven patients with liver metastasis from colorectal cancer were treated with intrahepatic arterial chemotherapy and external radiotherapy consisting of 5 fluorouracil (5-FU) (10 mg/kg/day for 8 days), adriamycin (5 mg/m2/day for 7 days) and methotrexate (MTX) (240 mg/m2/X1), combined with 2,100 rads of whole liver irradiation. Twenty of these patients (74%) had previously received systemic chemotherapy. Of the 21 patients who could be fully evaluated, seven (33%) had an objective partial response and another 10 (48%) had stable disease following treatment. The median duration of survival for all patients after initiation of treatment was 6.5 months. Those patients responding to therapy survived longer (12.7 months) than those who had stable disease (5.5 months) or disease progression (2.5 months). The response rate was not affected by previous chemotherapy. Additionally, of the 14 patients with symptoms related to the disease, nine (64%) experienced substantial relief of these symptoms. Toxicity with the therapy used in this study was generally moderate. The median nadiR WBC was 3,500 cells/mm3; the median nadir platelet count, 121,000 cells/mm3. There was, however, one treatment-associated fatality from sepsis in a patient whose WBC was 900 cells/mm3. PMID- 7139850 TI - Biliary elimination of cyclophosphamide in man. AB - A 72-year-old male with a lymphoma and obstructive jaundice received 900 mg cyclophosphamide IV as a part of a chemotherapeutic regimen whilst external biliary drainage was in progress. Plasma, urinary, and biliary pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide and nitrobenzylpyridine (NBP)-alkylating metabolites were studied. In 32 h 891 ml bile was collected, and this contained unchanged cyclophosphamide and NBP-alkylating material. Despite fluctuations in biliary flow, estimates of the half-life of cyclophosphamide from plasma, urine, and bile were similar. Good correlation existed between plasma and biliary cyclophosphamide concentrations after the initial plasma had been completed. The ratio of bile to plasma concentrations was 0.7 and showed no time dependence, as evidenced by a lack of hysteresis in the correlation curve. Of the administered dose, 3.5% was excreted as unchanged cyclophosphamide in the bile over 32 h. NBP alkylating activity was found in bile up to 25 h but not after this time, despite the presence of unchanged cyclophosphamide in plasma. NBP-alkylating material was not found in the bile when it could not be detected in plasma, and vice versa. PMID- 7139851 TI - Vindesine: phase II evaluation in colon cancer and description of its platelet stimulating activity. AB - Fifteen previously treated patients with measurable metastatic colon carcinoma were entered into a phase II study of vindesine, 3 mg/m2/week IV. Fourteen patients were evaluable for response. No objective tumor response was observed; however, seven patients experienced stable disease lasting 9, 10, 13, 15, 16, 19, and 26 weeks. Neurologic toxicity was the most common nonhematologic side-effect noted, manifesting as abdominal pain, constipation, paralytic ileus, or paresthesias. Leukopenia was observed in 16% of the 104 weekly courses. Nine patients had a 50% increase of their platelet counts above their pretreatment platelet counts; six patients had a doubling of their pretreatment platelet counts. Mean platelet counts revealed a linear increase with successive treatments during the initial 8 weeks of therapy. Serial CEA determinations demonstrated a parallel relationship with clinical progression in six of seven patients. PMID- 7139852 TI - Plasma melphalan and prednisolone concentrations during oral therapy for multiple myeloma. AB - Nine patients with myeloma were studied over 13 oral administrations of 10 mg melphalan and 5-10 mg prednisolone. Plasma melphalan concentrations were estimated by high-pressure liquid chromatography, prednisolone concentrations by quantitative thin-layer chromatography. The mean plasma half-life of unchanged melphalan was 0.9 +/- 0.5 (SD) h. The 'lag-time' before melphalan was detected in the plasma varied from 1 to 4 h, the mean peak concentration was 96 +/- 21 ng/ml, and the mean area under the plasma concentration by time curve was 160 +/- 78 ng h/ml. This variability was consistent with observations made elsewhere following much higher oral doses of melphalan and illustrates the relatively wide interindividual variability of absorption. Observations made in the same subjects on two separate occasions showed lower variability. The melphalan elimination rate was not significantly affected by moderate impairment of creatinine clearance (to 31 ml/min). Absorption of prednisolone in five of these patients was apparently normal and unaffected by concurrent administration of melphalan. PMID- 7139853 TI - Levonantradol, a new antiemetic with a high rate of side-effects for the prevention of nausea and vomiting in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. AB - Levonantradol, a new antiemetic compound pharmacologically related to the cannabinoids, was given to 17 patients who had experienced severe and protracted nausea and vomiting during previous courses of cancer chemotherapy, and to six patients receiving a first course of strongly emetic cytostatic treatment. Eight patients were partially protected from acute gastrointestinal disturbances. Of the 23 patients, 21 exhibited some toxicity, with six patients exhibiting major affective side-effects and 13 patients complaining of pain at the injection site. Levonantradol is an active antiemetic compound. Due to the rate of side-effects observed in our study however, we would not recommend use of this agent as an antiemetic drug. PMID- 7139854 TI - Pharmacokinetics of erythrocyte methotrexate after high-dose methotrexate. AB - Erythrocyte methotrexate (MTX) concentrations were determined in 10 patients with metastatic osteogenic or soft tissue sarcoma after 52 cycles of high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX). In contrast to serum MTX, pharmacokinetics of erythrocyte MTX showed three distinct phases: A rapid decrease to a nadir 2-3 days after MTX was followed by a significant rise of erythrocyte MTX until days 10-14. Subsequently there was a third phase, with a definite decrease of erythrocyte MTX concentrations with half-lives of 30-40 days. Short-term repititions of HDMTX had considerable influence on the first two phases of the kinetics. Each curve surpassed that of the previous therapy, and erythrocyte MTX concentrations increased continuously to the values measured at the end of the HDMTX infusion. The following mechanisms of MTX enrichment in erythrocytes is discussed: In erythro- and normoblasts MTX is converted to polyglutamate forms, which are retained inside the cell and are probably the reason for the relatively high sensitivity to MTX. Upon resumption of erythropoiesis the release of freshly prepared erythrocytes containing MTX and predominantly MTX polyglutamates causes the renewed increase in blood MTX levels. PMID- 7139855 TI - Increased incidence of chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges in workers exposed to chromic acid (CrO3) in electroplating factories. AB - Chromosomal aberrations in cultured lymphocytes obtained from workers occupationally exposed to chromic acid (CrO3) were detected. Four separate groups of workers were examined, two of which were engaged in plating factories employing nickel in addition to chromium, and two coming from plating factories where only chromium was used. In the latter groups the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were also detected in the cultured lymphocytes. A statistically significant increase of chromosomal aberrations, mostly of the chromosome-type, was found in two of the exposed groups of workers compared to the level observed in control donors. The frequency of SCEs in the exposed groups was higher than in controls, particularly in the factor which employed the younger workers. Besides the negative correlation with the age of workers, a positive correlation between the frequency of SCEs and the level of urinary chromium was found and such a correlation was strongly enchanced by smoking. The present data support the view that CrO3, like other soluble hexavalent chromium compounds, is genetically active in vivo. PMID- 7139856 TI - Nitrosamine-induced pancreatic carcinogenesis in outbred and inbred Syrian hamsters. AB - Pancreatic carcinogenesis was investigated in outbred and in five strains of inbred Syrian golden hamsters utilizing the nitrosamines N-nitrosobis(2 hydroxypropyl)amine (BHP) and N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine (BOP). Thirty eight outbred hamsters were treated for an average of 15 weeks with weekly s.c. inoculations of BHP at doses of 250,000 or 1000 mg/kg. Pancreatic carcinomas developed in 19%. Eighty nine inbred hamsters of strains CB, LHC and PD4 were given BHP at 250 mg/kg weekly for an average of 25 weeks. Pancreatic carcinomas developed in 61%. Pancreatic inflammation, fibrosis, and ductal hyperplasia were prominent. Toxic changes in the liver, biliary hyperplasia, and pulmonary interstitial inflammation were also prominent features of BHP-treated hamsters, along with occasional carcinomas of the liver and respiratory tract. One hundred and sixteen inbred hamsters of strains CB, LHC, LSH, MHA, and PD4 were treated with BOP at a dose of 5 mg/kg weekly for 15 weeks. The incidence of pancreatic carcinoma was 51%. BHP-treated hamsters exhibited pancreatic fibrosis and ductal hyperplasia. Livers of BHP-treated animals showed biliary hyperplasia, and lungs exhibited chronic inflammation. Occasional carcinomas of the liver and lung developed. From 243 hamsters treated with nitroso carcinogens, eight pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma lines were derived that can be transplanted and propagated in inbred hamsters. PMID- 7139857 TI - Effects of various concentrations of ethyl-alpha-p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate (clofibrate) on diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatic tumorigenesis in the rat. AB - Male F344 rats were given diethylnitrosamine in drinking water at a concentration of 40 p.p.m. for 5 weeks. One week later, the rats were fed diet containing clofibrate at concentrations of of 0,0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1% for 19 weeks. Hepatic tumors greater than 1 mm were counted. The doses of 0.1% and 0.25% clofibrate markedly enchanced the incidence of hepatic tumors, whereas 0.5% clofibrate had no effect and 1% clofibrate markedly inhibited hepatocarcinogenesis. It is clearly demonstrated in the present experiments that the lower doses of clofibrate (0.1% and 0.25%) promote hepatocarcinogenesis. The higher doses of clofibrate (0.5% and 1%) depress weight gain by lowering the intake of food. This lowered food intake might contribute to inhibition of hepatocarcinogenesis. PMID- 7139858 TI - Covalent binding of isomeric benzo[a]pyrene diol-epoxides to DNA. PMID- 7139859 TI - The nature of nitrosamine denitrosation by rat liver microsomes. AB - The nature of the denitrosation of nitrosamines by rat liver microsomes was investigated. The rates of NADPH-dependent nitrosamine demethylation and denitrosation were compared in the same incubation mixture using several types of microsomes and inhibitors. Pretreatment with isopropanol, pyrazole, phenobarbital, and 3-methylcholanthrene had parallel effects on the microsomal demethylation and denitrosation reactions. Nitrite was produced with N nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitroso-N-methylethylamine, N-nitroso-N-methylbutylamine, N-nitroso-methylbenzylamine, or N-nitroso-N-methylaniline as a substrate. With control microsomes, the rate of the denitrosation reaction was 9-39% that of demethylation depending on the type and concentration of nitrosamines used. Using nitrosodimethylamine as the substrate, the Km of denitrosation was about twice that of the demethylation reaction. Several polar organic solvents such as ethanol and isopropanol inhibited the denitrosation and demethylation reactions and each solvent inhibited both reactions to about the same extent. In the presence of cumene hydroperoxide, microsomes can catalyze the denitrosation of nitrosodimethylaime which is also accompanied by demethylation. Studies with a reconstituted system and with inhibitors indicate that the denitrosation reaction requires the presence of both cytochrome P-450 and NADPH-cytochrome-P-450 reductase. The results suggest that the denitrosation is closely linked to the demethylation reaction. PMID- 7139860 TI - Catalysis of nitrosation in vitro and in vivo in rats by catechin and resorcinol and inhibition by chlorogenic acid. AB - Measurements were made of the effects of phenolic compounds, some of which are present in the human diet, on the nitrosation of proline by nitrite to give N nitrosoproline (NPRO). In vitro, resorcinol, catechin, p-nitrosophenol and phenol were catalysts and chlorogenic acid an inhibitor; guaiacol showed a marginal catalytic effect. Both the catalytic and the inhibiting effects were dependent on pH and on the concentration of phenolic compounds; catalysis by resorcinol and catechin was increased at optimal ratios of [nitrite]: [phenolic compound]. Endogenous nitrosation was examined in vivo by co-administration of nitrite, proline and a phenolic compound to rats and by monitoring the amount of NPRO excreted in the urine. Under similar experimental conditions, the catalytic effects observed in vivo decreased in the same order as those observed in vitro: resorcinol greater than p-nitroso-phenol greater than catechin greater than phenol greater than or equal to guaiacol; chlorogenic acid acted as an inhibitor. Catalysis and inhibition of N-nitrosation in rats in vivo appears to occur via mechanisms similar to those in vitro, although the effects in vivo were smaller. The implications of our findings for the endogenous formation of N-nitroso compounds and for variations in exposure due to different dietary constituents in humans are discussed. PMID- 7139862 TI - Stability of the phenotypic reversion of x-ray transformed C3H/10T1/2 cells depends on cellular proliferation after subcultivation at low cell density. AB - Reversion from the transformed to the non-transformed phenotype could be obtained by seeding X-ray transformed C3H/10T1/2 cells at low cell density. Cloned revertant cells of varying degrees of reversion were obtained depending on the time they were isolated after on subculture at low cell density. Most of the revertants isolated 7 and 10 days after seeding at very low cell density eventually returned to the transformed phenotype when passaged serially at high cell density. In contrast, 25-35% of the revertants isolated 17-20 days after seeding at low cell density maintained the non-transformed phenotype despite subsequent serial passages at high cell density. The finding that there was a direct relationship between the time during which transformed cells seeded at low cell density multiplied and the number of stable revertant clones obtained, suggests that possibility that reversion from the transformed to the non transformed phenotype may be a multistep process. Revertant cells displayed a chromosomal pattern characteristic of the transformed cells rather than that of the parental non-transformed 10T1/2 cells. PMID- 7139861 TI - The metabolic activation of chrysene by hamster embryo cells. AB - The major deoxyribonucleoside--hydrocarbon adducts present in hydrolysates of DNA isolated from hamster embryo cells treated with chrysene were examined by chromatography on Sephadex LH20 and by h.p.l.c. on Zorbax ODS. The results show that both major adducts have chromatographic properties identical to those of adducts formed when r-1,t-2-dihydroxy-t-3,4-oxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrochrysene reacts with DNA and provide evidence that metabolic activation of chrysene occurs via the formation of this 'bay-region' diol-epoxide. PMID- 7139863 TI - Ultrastructural analysis of pancreatic carcinogenesis. VI. Early changes in hamster acinar cells induced by N-nitroso-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine. AB - Male Syrian golden hamsters were given weekly s.c. injections of 250 mg/kg body weight of N-nitroso-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine (BHP) for up to 15 weeks. Electron microscope studies were carried out on early changes in the exocrine pancreas of these hamsters for 2 weeks to 15 weeks. The majority of observed alterations occurred in the acinar cells and included the appearance of "dark" and "light" cells, the former showing nuclear shrinkage and irregularity but maintaining a normal rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and zymogen content. The "light" cells exhibited a variety of early fine structural alterations including conformational changes in their rough ER, together with a reduction in zymogen granules, increased autophagic vacuoles and Golgi hypertrophy. Ducts and ductules were relatively unaffected. The observations indicate that the acinar cells were most affected, morphologically, by BHP and are consistent with the view that these cells are the primary target for BHP. PMID- 7139864 TI - Effect of ethanol on dimethylnitrosamine activation and DNA synthesis in rat liver. AB - Male Wistar rats were treated for 2 weeks with 20% ethanol in the drinking water. Twenty four hours after the termination of treatment animals were injected with different doses of [14C]dimethylnitrosamine and killed 4 h thereafter. The amounts of 7-methylguanine and O6-methylguanine present in liver DNA were determined. There was no significant difference in the levels of either DNA alkylation product between untreated controls and animals pre-treated with ethanol. The O6-methylguanine/7-methylguanine ratio was also unchanged. Specific radioactivity levels in the cellular protein of [14C]dimethylnitrosamine injected animals were slightly lowered after ethanol pre-treatment. In contrast, incorporation of labelled guanine into liver DNA was greatly enhanced at all DMN doses in ethanol pre-treated animals indicating an increase in DNA synthesis. This enhancement of DNA synthesis was confirmed at different ethanol doses, given either in the drinking water or by stomach tube, by the increase in specific radioactivity of liver DNA and the increase in the number of labelled nuclei following [3H]thymidine pulse-labelling. PMID- 7139865 TI - Urinary mutagenicity in occupational exposure to mineral oils and iron oxide particles. AB - Mutagenicity in the urine of workers occupationally exposed to mineral oils and iron oxide particles and age matched workers only exposed to mineral oils was investigated using the Salmonella/mammalian microsome assay. Both groups of workers included smokers and non-smokers. Mutagenicity was significantly higher in the group of workers exposed to both mineral oils and iron oxide particles, the statistical significance of the difference being similar to that found when total non-smokers were compared with total smokers irrespective of occupational exposure. When only non-smokers of both groups of workers were compared, the extent of mutagenicity in the urine of workers exposed to iron oxide particles was still significantly higher, suggesting that smoking did not exhibit a significant enhancing effect on urinary mutagenicity of workers exposed to mineral oils and iron oxide particles, but instead seemed to enhance urinary mutagenicity similarly in both groups of workers. Whether or not this conclusion can be drawn may depend, among other factors, on the variability of the Ames assay. To cope with this particular problem, the possible usefulness of a mutagenicity factor is discussed. PMID- 7139866 TI - 32P-postlabeling analysis of non-radioactive aromatic carcinogen--DNA adducts. AB - A newly developed enzymatic 32P-postlabeling method was applied to the analysis of DNA's containing non-radioactive arylamine, arylamide, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon adducts. DNA reacted in vitro with N-hydroxy-2-amino-fluorene, N acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene, and 7 beta,8 alpha-dihydroxy-9 alpha,10 alpha epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene, respectively, as well as DNA preparations from the liver of rats treated with N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene and benzo[a]pyrene, respectively, were enzymatically digested to deoxyribonucleoside 3'-monophosphates, which were then converted to [5' 32P]deoxyribonucleoside 3',5'-bisphosphates by T4 polynucleotide kinase-catalyzed [32P]phosphate transfer from [gamma-32P]ATP. The 32P-labeled nucleotides were resolved by anion-exchange t.l.c. on polyethyleneimine-cellulose and detected by autoradiography. Aromatic adduct nucleotides were found to be retained at the origin in aqueous electrolyte solutions, but to migrate as distinct spots in solvents containing 7-8.5 M urea. Advantage was taken of this observation to remove 32P-labeled normal DNA nucleotides from adduct nucleotides. This purification enabled the detection of a single adduct in 10(7)-10(8) normal nucleotides. The method appears applicable to the ultrasensitive detection of a large number of carcinogen--DNA adducts of diverse structure without requiring radioactive carcinogens or specific antibodies. PMID- 7139867 TI - Antipain, but not cycloheximide, suppresses radiation transformation when present for only one day at five days post-irradiation. AB - It has previously been observed that protease inhibitors suppress radiation transformation in vitro. In the experiments reported here, it was observed that a 24 h treatment with the protease inhibitor antipain at five days post-irradiation was sufficient to significantly suppress radiation transformation. Comparable experiments performed with cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, showed that this metabolic inhibitor could suppress radiation transformation when present immediately following the X-ray exposure but not when present for one day at five days post-irradiation. These results suggest that antipain is suppressing an ongoing cellular process occurring in response to X-irradiation. PMID- 7139868 TI - Effect of dietary sodium ascorbate on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine- or methylnitrosourea induced colon carcinogenesis in rats. AB - The effect of dietary sodium ascorbate (SA) on colon carcinogenesis evoked by 1,2 dimethylhydrazine (DMH) or N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) was studied in female F344 rats. Animals were fed diets containing 0, 0.25 and 1% of SA and given s.c. a single dose of 150 mg DMH/kg body wt., 10 weekly s.c. injections of 20 mg DMH/kg body wt. or intra-rectal administration of 2 mg MNU, twice a week for 2 weeks. The incidence of colon and kidney tumors was lower in rats fed the 0.25 or 1% SA and treated with a single dose of DMH than in the animals fed the diet without SA; however, the tumour incidences did not differ between the SA- and control diet-fed animals and treated with multiple doses of DMH or MNU. PMID- 7139869 TI - Elimination of metabolic cooperation is associated with the tumor promoters, oleic acid and anthralin. AB - Inhibition of intercellular communication, as measured by metabolic cooperation between 6-thioguanine-sensitive and resistant Chinese hamster V79 cells, has been previously shown to be correlated with a large variety of known tumor promoters in many species and organ systems. The effects of anthralin and oleic acid, at non-cytotoxic concentrations, were shown to eliminate metabolic cooperation in Chinese hamster cells. Moreover, increased serum levels appear to reduce the effectiveness of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, a powerful tumor promoter and inhibitor of metabolic cooperation, to eliminate metabolic cooperation. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that inhibition of metabolic cooperation is associated with an aspect of the complex tumor promotion process and indicate that in vitro culture conditions are critical for the proper assessment of potential tumor promoters. PMID- 7139870 TI - The induction of Ouar-mutations in nontransformable CVP3SC6 mouse fibroblasts. AB - A line of C3H mouse fibroblasts designated CVP3SC6 (CVP) was found to be nonresponsive to the induction of morphological transformation by the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and its BaP-7,8-diol and BaP-diol epoxide derivates. This cell line was, however, susceptible to BaP-induced mutation to ouabain resistance (Ouar). Concentrations of BaP between 0.63 and 5 microM caused an 11- to 370-fold increase in the frequency of Ouar cells relative to that found in untreated cultures. Isolates of Ouar cells were at least 10,000 fold more resistant to the cytotoxic effects of Oua and exhibited a stable resistant phenotype after 120 days of growth in the absence of the selective agent. PMID- 7139871 TI - Application of fluorescence and linear dichroism techniques to the characterization of the covalent adducts derived from interaction of (+/-)-trans 9,10-dihydroxy-anti-11,12-epoxy-9,10,11,12-tetrahydro-benzo[e]pyrene with DNA. AB - Spectroscopic techniques including absorption, fluorescence excitation and emission spectra, fluorescence decay profiles (determined by single photon counting techniques), and electric linear dichroism are applied to a study of the conformation of covalent adducts derived from a reaction of 9,10-dihydroxy-11,12 epoxy-9,10,11,12-tetrahydro[e]pyrene (B[e]PDE) with DNA. The characteristics of non-covalent adducts obtained from the intercalative binding of 9,10,11,12 tetrahydroxytetrahydrobenzo[e]pyrene (B[e]PT) (derived from the hydrolysis of B[e]PDE) with DNA are compared to those of the covalent B[e]PDE--DNA adducts. It is shown that there are two types of binding sites in B[e]PDE--DNA adducts: (1) an exterior binding site similar to the one observed with the isomeric 7,8 dihydroxy-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (B[a]PDE)--DNA adducts, and (2) a quasi-intercalative type of binding site in which the properties of the pyrene chromophore are similar to those of an intercalated pyrene moiety, but in which the red shift in the absorption maximum, and fluorescence quenching are less pronounced. This latter conformation is not observed in covalent B[a]PDE- DNA adducts. It is shown that the DNA concentration is an important parameter in determining the relative number of pyrene chromophores at these two binding sites. The extent of covalent binding of B[e]PDE is 4-8 times less than the binding of B[a]PDE to DNA under the same experimental conditions. The reduced reactivity of B[e]PDE is tentatively attributed to steric hindrance due to quasi diaxial conformations of the two hydroxyl groups in one of the two bay-regions of B[e]PDE. PMID- 7139872 TI - The down-modulation of receptors for phorbol ester tumor promoter in primary epidermal cells. PMID- 7139873 TI - A preliminary investigation on the use of the Portage system in day nursery settings. AB - The paper describes the impact of a training programme for local authority day nursery staff on the use of the Portage system with handicapped children. The results suggest that the staff mastered the techniques and were able to continue using them, though some modification to the system seems indicated for these settings. These findings were discussed in the light of more general issues about the support needed for day nursery staff. PMID- 7139874 TI - Parent training in a small group: a pilot study. AB - To date, there are few accounts of training groups of parents of non-handicapped children to use behavioural methods of child management in British settings. This paper describes a pilot study in which three mothers were given an 8-week course in behavioural management. Their progress was monitored using a short role-play test of established reliability and validity. Significant gains were reported. PMID- 7139875 TI - A new approach to parental involvement in language intervention programmes. AB - The approach used was based around the concept of a videocourse. This consisted of five videotape programmes illustrating ways thereby parents can help their child's early language development, a handbook which summarized main points and a series of specific activities which parents were expected to carry out at home after viewing each programme. In all, 33 mothers and fathers have taken the course and their reactions are very favourable. More importantly though, the course did bring about significant changes in the way they talked to their children and marked improvements in most of the children's language usage. These were maintained some 4 months after the course had ended. It is argued that videocourses are easily disseminated to other services and thus seem to be a feasible way whereby all parents can have the opportunity to get specific and detailed information on helping their child's language development. PMID- 7139876 TI - Cognitive socialization of 4-year-old children in nursery school. AB - Using a test-observe-test design with a sample of 29 4-year-old children, this exploratory study investigated associations between activity choices in a typical progressive nursery school and IQ, socio-economic status (SES) and sex. Over the 4-month period of the study the group as a whole displayed enhanced intellectual capacity through several children failed to show improvement. These losers spent more time on physical and non-play activity and more time unoccupied. The low SES group spent more time alone, more time on social-personal activity, more passive time with adults and more time on solitary play. Clear sex differences in activity choice were found. PMID- 7139877 TI - Selected methodological problems in research in child abuse: a developmental perspective. AB - It is apparent from extensive literature reviews that only a few authors have attempted to enhance the quality of their research in the area of child abuse. Despite the refinements made by these authors there are still gross weaknesses apparent in much of the research. These deficits are clearly linked to the problems encountered in doing research in childhood psychopathology in general where there is fragmentation both on an empirical and theoretical level. The aim of this paper is to represent some of the many issues which have to be taken into account when conducting research into childhood psychopathology in general and child abuse in particular and when making comparative evaluations of the research. Amongst the issues discussed are: the purpose of the research; naturalistic v. experimental continuum; techniques of data collection; expectations of subjects; experimental bias; individual v. group observation; sampling issues viz definition of abuse; age at which assault occurred; time lapse investigation and last known incidence of abuse; definition of subject sample; demographic variables; technical issues and behavioural research, e.g. specificity v. generality of behaviour; unit of use and time sampling. PMID- 7139879 TI - The impact of adjacent isotropic fluids on electrograms from anisotropic cardiac muscle. A modeling study. PMID- 7139878 TI - Release of enzymes from adult rat heart myocytes. AB - The release of lactic dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, and aspartate aminotransferase from initially viable, metabolically competent adult rat heart myocytes has been examined. Freshly isolated cells contain levels of total lactic dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, and aspartate aminotransferase, as well as lactic dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase isoenzyme profiles that are quite comparable to those of intact heart tissue. When the cells are lysed with digitonin, 89% of total lactic dehydrogenase, but only 58% of creatine phosphokinase and 27% of aspartate aminotransferase are released. The retention of creatine phosphokinase by the digitonin-lysed cells is accounted for by complete retention of mitochondrial creatine phosphokinase and 20% of MM-creatine phosphokinase. When intact myocytes are incubated under anoxic, substrate deprived conditions, there is a gradual loss of the three enzymes to the suspending medium and a parallel increase in the fraction of the cells permeable to trypan blue. The fraction of freely soluble cytoplasmic enzymes lost was equivalent to the fraction of the cells permeable to the dye over a wide range of viability (17-95% viable by dye exclusion criteria), but permeable cells retained mitochondrial creatine phosphokinase and particulate aspartate aminotransferase. These results suggest that simultaneous and complete release of soluble cytoplasmic enzymes occurs as each individual cell sustains sarcolemmal damage. PMID- 7139880 TI - Interaction of acidosis and increased extracellular potassium on action potential characteristics and conduction in guinea pig ventricular muscle. AB - We studied the individual and combined effects of extracellular acidosis and increases in extracellular potassium on action potential characteristics and conduction in order to gain a better understanding of the effects of acute ischemia. At each level of potassium between 2.7 and 17 mm, acidosis induced by increasing Pco2 (respiratory acidosis) and by decreasing HCO3- (metabolic acidosis) decreased resting membrane potential, the maximum rate of rise of the action potential upstroke (Vmax), and slowed conduction. Metabolic acidosis consistently and significantly lengthened the steady state action potential duration whereas respiratory acidosis did not. Respiratory acidosis caused changes in resting membrane potential, Vmax, and conduction velocity; which occurred more rapidly and were of greater magnitude than the changes induced by metabolic acidosis. The changes in Vmax induced both types of acidosis were due to a change in the resting membrane potential-Vmax relationship as well as to the changes in the resting membrane potential. The conduction slowing induced by acidosis was greater when potassium was 9 and 13 mM than when potassium was 5.4 mm. Our results suggest that acidosis causes important changes in the electrophysiological properties of ventricular fibers and that many of the known electrophysiological effects of acute ischemia can be mimicked by the combined effects of extracellular acidosis and an increase in extracellular potassium. PMID- 7139881 TI - Carotid sinus baroreceptor reflex control of respiration. AB - We have studied the effect of the carotid sinus baroreceptor reflex on respiration in 10 vagotomized, spontaneously breathing, pentobarbital anesthetized dogs. The carotid body chemoreceptor reflex response was eliminated by surgically excluding the carotid bodies from the carotid sinus baroreceptor area. Steady state frequency, tidal volume, and minute ventilation were measured after 25 mm Hg step changes in intrasinus pressure between 50 and 200 mm Hg. Over this range, the step decreases in intrasinus pressure caused concomitant increases in mean arterial pressure from 86 to 182 mm Hg. All of the respiratory response curves were sigmoidal in shape. Decreasing intrasinus pressure from 200 to 50 mm Hg caused respiratory frequency to increase from 4.8 to 9.7/min, and tidal volume to decrease from 704 to 515 ml. The calculated total ventilation, however, increased from 3180 to 4530 ml/min. The time of inspiration decreased from 3.7 to 2.4 seconds, and the time of expiration decreased from 9.8 to 4.1 seconds. These ventilatory responses are shown to be baroreceptor reflex mediated, and not secondary to changes in arterial pressure. These findings indicate that not only does the carotid sinus baroreceptor reflex control arterial pressure, but it also simultaneously influences ventilation, through changes in both respiratory frequency and tidal volume. PMID- 7139882 TI - Effects of extracellular calcium ions, verapamil, and lanthanum on active and passive properties of canine cardiac purkinje fibers. AB - The effects of alteration of extracellular calcium ion concentration ([Ca++]o) were studied in isolated false tendons using microelectrode techniques. Several determinants of cellular excitability and conduction velocity were affected by extracellular calcium. Increasing [Ca++]o from 2 to 8 mM resulted in: (1) a progressive decrease in interelectrode conduction velocity (2) a 7-mV shift of the maximum upstroke velocity-membrane potential relation toward less negative potential, (3) an increase in rheobasic current, (4) a 14-mV shift of the voltage threshold for all-or-none depolarization to less negative potentials, (5) a 52% increase in internal longitudinal resistance per unit length, and (6) a 27% decrease in the capacitance filled by the foot of the action potential from 4.90 to 3.56 microF/cm2. Blockade of the slow inward current by Mn++ or verapamil did not alter the [Ca++]o-induced effects on the maximum upstroke velocity-membrane potential relation. Cable properties were determined during alteration of [Ca++]o in the presence of verapamil (3 X 10(-6) and 1 X 10(-5) M) or in the presence of La+++ (0.2 mM). Verapamil increased membrane resistance X unit length but did not affect internal longitudinal resistance per unit length. La+++ had no effects on either membrane resistance X unit length or internal longitudinal resistance per unit length. Verapamil did not block the increase in ri induced by elevation of [Ca++]o. However, no change in ri occurred during an increase of [Ca++]o when La+++ was present. The results suggest that [Ca++]o-induced changes in internal longitudinal resistance may occur by the influx of calcium ions through the Na+/Ca++ exchange mechanism. PMID- 7139883 TI - Amrinone activates K+-depolarized atrial and ventricular myocardium of guinea pigs. AB - Amrinone is a new synthetic drug that increases contractile strength of mammalian heart muscle; however, its mechanism of positive inotropic action has not been determined. We now report that amrinone (0.053-5.3 mM) consistently restores typical slow response electromechanical activity fo K+-depolarized atrial and ventricular myocardial preparations from guniea pigs. This action was blocked in both tissues by D-600 (1 microM), but it was not significantly inhibited by either tetrodotoxin (23.5 microM), d,l-propranolol (1 microM), or phentolamine (10 microM). Cimetidine (3 microM) or metiamide (10 microM) slightly inhibited amrinone's effect only in the ventricle, whereas pyrilamine (10 microM) slightly inhibited amrinone's response only in the atrium. These data indicate that amrinone's positive inotropic action may involve augmented Ca++ influx via the slow inward Ca++ current, and that although this action is independent of adrenoceptor mechanisms, it seems to include a small histaminergic component. PMID- 7139884 TI - Studies of the effects of essential fatty acid deficiency in the rat. AB - We report a model of prostaglandin depletion induced in rats by fasting for 11 days, followed by institution of an essential fatty acid-deficient diet. Urinary prostaglandin E, 2 weeks after this diet had been implemented, was 22 +/- 2 ng/24 hours compared to 113 +/- 8.5 ng/24 hours in controls (P less than 0.01). There was no difference in 24-hour urine volume or solute excretion in controls and essential fatty acid-deficient rats. Five hours after administration of NaCl, 10 mM/kg, essential fatty acid-deficient diet rats excreted 1.85 +/- 0.78 ml urine compared to 6.42 +/- 2.26 ml in control (p less than 0.01) with Na+ excretion 447 +/- 273 muEq in essential fatty acid-deficient rats vs 1483 +/- 366 muEq in control (P less than 0.01). Intravenous isotonic NaCl, 1.5% body weight, resulted in increased urine flow rate in control rats from 8.3 +/- 2 microliter/min to 28.7 +/- 8.8 microliter/min with sodium excretion increasing from 0.19 +/- 0.2 to 3.3 +/- 0.9 muEq/min. In the essential fatty acid-deficient diet animals, there was no significant change in flow rate, 6.07 +/- 2.43 to 9.85 +/- 4.29 microliter/min, or sodium excretion, 0.09 +/- 0.03 to 0.40 +/- 0.24 muEq, after saline infusion. There was no difference in the glomerular filtration rate of plasma aldosterone in the two groups after the salt load. When given a water load, 3 ml/100 g body weight, essential fatty acid-deficient diet rats excreted 2.5 +/- 0.7 ml in 5 hours compared to 6.3 +/- 1.4 ml in controls (P less than 0.01). The defect in water excretion was not due to increased sensitivity to antidiuretic hormone, since similar sensitivity to this hormone was demonstrated in the essential fatty acid-deficient diet and control rats during a water diuresis. When isotonic saline was substituted for drinking water, there was an increase in systolic blood pressure in essential fatty acid-deficient diet rats from 124 +/- 2 to 142 +/- 3 mm Hg over 9 days (P less than 0.01) compared to 122 +/- 2 before and 122 +/- 2 mm Hg after saline drinking in controls. The administration of linoleic acid for 4 days increased urinary prostaglandin E excretion to 114 +/- 15 ng/24 hours from 23 +/- 4 (P less than 0.01), and the alterations in the ability to excrete a sodium and water load were reversed. In essential fatty acid-deficient diet animals made hypertensive by 9 days of saline drinking, the institution of linoleic acid to the diet normalized the blood pressure despite the continued administration of saline. These studies demonstrate that essential fatty acid-deficient diet animals develop salt sensitive hypertension with a combined defect in both sodium and water excretion which is reversed following correction of the essential fatty acid deficiency. PMID- 7139885 TI - Effects of diuretics on inner medullary hemodynamics in the dog. AB - Although the hemodynamic effects of diuretics have been studied extensively, their effects on inner medullary blood flow remain unknown. In the present study, renal hemodynamics, including papillary plasma flow measured by the albumin accumulation technique, and associated alterations in papillary tissue solute content were determined in anesthetized, hydropenic dogs and during euvolemic diuresis induced by furosemide (3 mg/kg plus 2 mg/kg per hr, iv), ethacrynic acid (3 mg/kg plus 2 mg/kg per hr, iv) or chlorothiazide (10 mg/kg plus 10 mg/kg per hr, iv). Renal blood flow increased significantly after furosemide and ethacrynic acid and decreased significantly after chlorothiazide. Sixty minutes after diuretic administration, papillary plasma flow was 10.8 +/- 1.0 (mean +/- SE) in six furosemide- and 11.3 +/- 2.6 ml/min per 100 g in six ethacrynic acid-treated dogs, both significantly lower than in eight normal or eight chlorothiazide treated dogs [26.4 +/- 2.6 and 26.7 +/- 2.7 ml/min per 100 g, respectively (P less than 0.01)]. A similarly low papillary plasma flow was also noted 10 minutes after diuretic administration in five furosemide and four ethacrynic acid dogs (13.6 +/- 2.3 and 13.4 +/- 1.8 ml/min per 100 g, respectively). In furosemide and ethacrynic acid dogs, papillary osmolality and sodium content were significantly lower than those in normal or chlorothiazide dogs. In normal and chlorothiazide dogs, papillary sodium content was similar, with a significantly reduced papillary osmolality in the latter. At the time papillary plasma flow was measured, extracellular fluid volume was similar among the four groups of dogs; however, plasma renin activity increased significantly in furosemide and ethacrynic acid dogs (P less than 0.01) and remained unchanged in normal and chlorothiazide dogs. Furthermore, papillary plasma flow was restored to normal (25.3 +/- 3.9 ml/min per 100 g) in five dogs in which furosemide was infused during angiotensin II blockage with saralasin, despite a similar diuresis and natriuresis as the other furosemide group. These data demonstrate that after administration of furosemide, ethacrynic acid and chlorothiazide, regulation of papillary plasma flow is independent of renal blood flow, and suggest that angiotensin II may play a role in the reduced papillary plasma flow in furosemide and ethacrynic acid dogs. PMID- 7139886 TI - Augmented tissue oxygen supply during striated muscle contraction in the hamster. Relative contributions of capillary recruitment, functional dilation, and reduced tissue PO2. AB - To investigate the relative contributions of alterations in blood flow, capillary density, and tissue PO2 to elevated oxygen delivery in working muscle, we conducted experiments on the suffused hamster cremaster muscle, using in vivo microscopic techniques. Muscle PO2 was measured during striated muscle twitch contraction at 1 Hz. Tissue oxygenation was changed by using suffusion solutions equilibrated with 0%, 5%, 10%, 21%, or 50% oxygen. Contraction caused an increase in capillary density (capillary recruitment), whose magnitude was related to the equilibration gas and, thus, to the suffusate PO2. Capillary recruitment first increased as the oxygen content was raised, peaked with 10% oxygen, and then diminished with higher oxygen content. Arteriolar functional dilation was also observed; when oxygen was raised above 21%, dilation was decreased. The data suggest that oxygen supply is increased primarily by arteriolar conductance changes with low suffusion solution oxygen (0% to 5%), and by capillary recruitment and increased PO2 gradients above 10% oxygen. When vasomotor tone was increased by addition of norepinephrine to the suffusion medium, the changes observed were similar to those observed when oxygen was increased. Therefore, we propose that the altered microvascular responses during vasoconstriction are a function of vascular tone rather than the levels of tissue PO2. A model is proposed which may partially explain the relations among vascular tone, functional dilation, and capillary recruitment. Our data also suggest that tissue PO2 may not be precisely regulated about a narrowly defined set point in this striated muscle but that, instead, tissue PO2 is a dependent variable controlled by the integrated effects of capillary recruitment, functional vasodilation, and altered metabolism. PMID- 7139887 TI - The arachidonic acid metabolic capacity of canine myocardium is increased during healing of acute myocardial infarction. AB - The relative capacity for metabolizing [14C]arachidonic acid into biologically active products was studied in microsomes prepared from both normal and infarcted regions of myocardium at three different times after circumflex coronary artery occlusion in the dog. At 3 days after infarction, when polymorphonuclear leukocytes were the predominant invading cell, the ability of infarcted left ventricle microsomes to produce arachidonic acid metabolites was greater than that of microsomes from normal areas of the same hearts. At 3 weeks after infarction, when macrophages were the predominant infiltrating cell and there was a proliferation of blood vessels and fibroblasts, there continued to be significant increases in the production of both prostacyclin (measured as 6-keto PGF1 alpha) and thromboxane (measured as TxB2). This enhanced production was still seen at 3 months after infarction at a time when histological examination of the tissue showed that it was still healing with both blood vessels and fibroblasts present. The production of 6-keto PGF1 alpha was 31.7 +/- 4 picomoles per milligram protein per hour (pmol/mg per hr) in noninfarcted regions of left ventricle, whereas the production was significantly increased to 71.7 +/- 15 at 3 days, 64.1 +/- 10 at 3 weeks, and 67.2 +/- 15 even at 3 months after infarction. The thromboxane synthetase activity rose significantly from 30.1 +/- 5 pmol mg per hr in noninfarcted regions to 73.7 +/- 18 at 3 days, 71.2 +/- 5 at 3 weeks, and 92.4 +/- 40 at 3 months. The enhanced ability to metabolize arachidonic acid may result from the inflammatory cell invasion or fibroblast activation which accompany healing of acute infarcts. PMID- 7139888 TI - Effects of ouabain and vagal stimulation on sinus nodal function in conscious dogs. AB - We studied the effects of intravenous ouabain administration (15 micrograms/kg) and vagal stimulation on instrumented conscious dogs. In these dogs, a special electrode was implanted on the epicardial surface over the sinus node and plaque electrodes were placed on the superior vena cava and left atrial appendage. Unipolar sinus electrograms were recorded through the terminals of the sinus electrode paired with the superior vena caval electrode. An electrode also was implanted around the desheathed cervical vagosympathetic trunk, and a coiled polyethylene tube with side holes was implanted cranial to it. Ouabain administration resulted in: (1) an increase in the sinus cycle lengths and sinoatrial intervals and increase in beat-to-beat variation of the sinus cycles and sinoatrial intervals, and (2) periods of sinus pacemaker shift, sinus arrest and sinoatrial block that occurred spontaneously or after atrial overdrive stimulation delivered through the electrode on the left atrial appendage. These effects of ouabain were abolished by intravenous administration of atropine (2 mg). Prior to vagal stimulation, intravenous propranolol (0.5 mg/kg) was administered to block sympathetic responses and 0.75% bupivacaine was injected through the polyethylene tube to block afferent transmission. Vagal stimulation in conscious dogs resulted in two types of responses: (1) slowing of sinus pacemaker rate accompanied by a decrease in diastolic slope and followed by sinus pacemaker shifts, and (2) gradual prolongation of the sinoatrial intervals followed by failure of sinoatrial conduction. An intravenous bolus of acetylcholine (0.1 mg) resulted in a response of type 2 in dogs in which vagal stimulation produced a response of type 1. The marked similarity between the effects of ouabain and vagal stimulation on sinus function and the abolition of the effects of ouabain by atropine suggest that the ouabain effects are vagally mediated. PMID- 7139889 TI - Heat production during hypoxic contracture of rat myocardium. AB - Contracture due to hypoxia, to both oxygen and glucose deficiency, and to potassium chloride was induced in rat left ventricular papillary muscle preparations. Under contracture conditions, the sum of resting heat plus contracture heat was measured using Hill-type, planar vacuum-deposited thermopiles. On the basis of the measured total and initial heat output and the corresponding tension-time integral during single twitches under control conditions (Lmax, 21 degrees C, stimulus frequency 12/min), the expected heat output during contracture was calculated, assuming that the contracture tension is maintained by the same calcium-induced cross-bridge cycling as occurs in the single twitch response. With potassium chloride, the contracture tension was 1.33 +/- 0.27 g/mm2, a value which is similar to those found in hypoxic contracture and in contracture due to both oxygen and glucose deficiency. There was no significant difference between measured and calculated values for resting heat plus contracture heat (8.40 +/- 2.84 mW/g measured, 8.55 +/- 2.50 mW/g calculated); there was a linear correlation (r = 0.99) between predicted and measured values (P less than 0.05). The measured value for resting plus contracture heat in hypoxic contracture was 1.88 +/- 0.37 mW/g, whereas a value of 4.80 +/- 1.09 mW/g (P less than 0.005) was calculated on the basis of the twitch heat per tension-time integral and contracture tension (1.09 +/- 0.31 g/mm2). Contracture tension was 1.80 +/- 0.78 g/mm2 in contracture due to oxygen and glucose deficiency, whereas the value for resting plus contracture eat was 1.61 +/- 0.56 mW/g. The calculated resting plus contracture heat value for this preparation was significantly higher (7.45 +/- 3.75 mW/g; P less than 0.05). There was no significant regression between predicted and measured resting heat plus contracture heat in the hypoxic contracture preparations (slope not different from zero). In contracture due to oxygen and glucose deficiency, the linear regression had a slope of 6.06 (P less than 0.05). The results suggest that the potassium chloride contracture relies on cross-bridge cycling as in a twitch contraction, whereas hypoxic contracture and that due to oxygen and glucose deficiency may be explained by cross-bridge formations with no, or very low, heat production, i.e., contracture tensions due to hypoxia and to oxygen and glucose deficiency are maintained by rigor-like cross-bridge formation or by slowly cycling cross-bridges with a long time of cross-bridge attachment. PMID- 7139891 TI - Comments on "regulation of large coronary arteries by increase in myocardial metabolic demands in conscious dogs" which appeared in circ. Res. 49: 594-599, 1981. PMID- 7139892 TI - Comments on "determination of coronary collateral flow by a load line analysis" which appeared in circ. res. 50: 663-670, 1982. PMID- 7139890 TI - Developmental hemodynamic changes in the chick embryo from stage 18 to 27. AB - We report the hemodynamic parameters of stage 18, 21, 24, and 27 chick embryos (from 3 to 5 days of incubation). Dorsal aortic blood velocity and mean vitelline artery blood pressure are measured with a 20 MHz pulsed-Doppler meter and servo null pressure system respectively. We also measure heart rate, dorsal aortic diameter and embryo weight of each developmental stage. From these data, we calculate mean dorsal aortic blood flow, mean dorsal aortic blood flow per cardiac cycle, mean dorsal aortic blood flow per milligram embryo weight, vascular resistance and cardiac work. Blood flow increases geometrically with each embryo stage but remains constant when normalized for embryo weight. Mean arterial pressure increases linearly and vascular resistance decreases geometrically. Cardiac work increases in proportion to embryo weight. These results define the parameters of normal hemodynamic function during early embryonic development. PMID- 7139893 TI - Comments on "the effects of the coronary capacitance on the interpretation of diastolic pressure-flow relationships" which appeared in circ. res. 50: 334-341, 1982. PMID- 7139894 TI - Intermittent brief periods of ischemia have a cumulative effect and may cause myocardial necrosis. AB - We investigated the effects of brief intermittent periods of ischemia on myocardial viability. Brief periodic coronary occlusions were produced up to 18 times by inflating and deflating the balloon of an intracoronary No. 2F catheter for periods of 15, 10 or 5 minutes, followed by 15-minute periods of reperfusion. Creatine kinase (CK) release, triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining, and light and electron microscopy were used to detect the presence of myocardial necrosis. For the study of CK release, blood was taken from the great cardiac vein and the aorta before and at 5-minute intervals during each left anterior descending coronary occlusion, as well as during and 1, 5, 10 and 15 minutes after balloon deflation. In seven of 24 dogs with 15-minute occlusions, in five of 21 dogs with 10-minute occlusions, and in three of 32 dogs with 5-minute occlusions, small but distinct areas of subendocardial necrosis were present. In all dogs with morphologic proof of necrosis, there was periodic release of CK into the great cardiac vein, which peaked immediately after reperfusion, reflecting CK washout. Thus, brief periods of ischemia, which when single do not cause necrosis, have a cumulative effect and may cause myocardial necrosis. This mechanism of necrosis may be relevant clinically in patients with frequent anginal episodes. Since many dogs of this study did not have any myocardial necrosis, the findings also suggest that intermittent reperfusion has a beneficial effect and may prevent necrosis, even when total occlusion time exceeds 200 minutes. PMID- 7139895 TI - Myocardial function in areas of heterogeneous perfusion after coronary artery occlusion in conscious dogs. AB - Regional myocardial function and blood flow in endocardial layers were correlated in myocardial segments subtending severely ischemic and adjacent, normally perfused myocardium in conscious dogs 1--3 weeks after recovery from coronary artery occlusion. With coronary artery occlusion induced by a hydraulic occluder, endocardial blood flow (measured with radioactive microspheres) and function (determined with an ultrasonic dimension gauge) in homogeneously nonischemic segments increased slightly but not significantly. In homogeneously ischemic segments, blood flow and function decreased (p less than 0.01) by 96 +/- 1% and 98 +/- 4%, respectively. In segments subtending zones of unequal perfusion, endocardial blood flow increased nonsignificantly in the myocardium surrounding the nonischemic crystal, while decreasing by 93 +/- 2% (p less than 0.01) in myocardium surrounding the ischemic crystal. Surprisingly, these segments behaved like homogeneously ischemic segments, i.e., endocardial shortening decreased by 92 +/- 6% (p less than 0.01). Thus, the failure to detect shortening despite normal perfusion of the myocardium surrounding one of the transducers suggest a potential problem with interpretation of regional function measurements or an inability of the apparently nonischemic myocardium to contract. PMID- 7139896 TI - Electrocardiographic localization of coronary artery narrowings: studies during myocardial ischemia and infarction in patients with one-vessel disease. AB - To investigate the accuracy of the 12-lead ECG in localizing the site of coronary artery narrowings, we reviewed abnormal ECGs obtained during myocardial infarction, spontaneous angina or exercise stress testing in 134 patients with angiographically documented one-vessel disease. The presence of Q waves, ST segment elevation and T-wave inversion in leads I, aVL and V1--V4 were all highly correlated with the presence of left anterior descending coronary artery disease (p less than 0.001), and the same ECG findings in leads II, III and aVF were associated with right (RCA) or circumflex coronary artery (LCx) narrowings (p less than 0.001). In contrast, ST depression alone was not useful in predicting the site of coronary artery narrowing. Q waves correctly identified the location of the coronary disease in 98% of cases, ST elevation in 91%, T-wave inversion in 84%, and ST depression in 60%. No electrocardiographic criteria distinguished RCA from LCx disease, even in patients with a right-dominant circulation. These findings should lead to a better understanding of the value and limitations of the 12-lead ECG in localizing coronary artery disease. PMID- 7139897 TI - Suppression of ventricular arrhythmias by propafenone, a new antiarrhythmic agent, during acute myocardial infarction in the conscious dog. A comparative study with lidocaine. PMID- 7139898 TI - The incidence and clinical significance of epicardial late potentials in patients with recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia and coronary artery disease. AB - Seventy-eight patients with ventricular tachycardia associated with coronary artery disease underwent intraoperative mapping while in sinus rhythm to evaluate the frequency and significant of late potentials. In 30 of these patients, the surface ECG was subjected to signal averaging to correlate the incidence and duration of low-amplitude, delayed electrograms with the presence of late potentials recorded during epicardial mapping. One to four epicardial late potentials were observed in nine patients (11.5%). These nine patients did not differ hemodynamically from patients without late potentials. In four patients, the site of epicardial breakthrough during ventricular tachycardia bore no relationship (i.e., greater than 3 cm away) to the late potential or the site of origin of the tachycardia. In the five other patients with late potentials, epicardial breakthrough and site of origin of ventricular tachycardia were closely related to the free wall of an apical aneurysm. However, three of these patients had additional tachycardias from disparate sites. Twenty-seven of 30 patients in whom signal averaging was used had a low-amplitude signal in the terminal 40 msec of the amplified QRS complex. In 24 of these 27 patients (89%), the low-amplitude tail was demonstrated in the absence of epicardial late potentials. We conclude that epicardial late potentials are found infrequently in patients with ventricular tachycardia associated with coronary artery disease; epicardial late potentials cannot be used to localize ventricular tachycardia; and the specific low-amplitude tail on the signal-averaged electrogram is unrelated to epicardial events. PMID- 7139900 TI - The cellular electrophysiologic mechanism of the dual actions of disopyramide on rabbit sinus node function. AB - To determine the contribution of disopyramide's suggested opposing direct depressant and indirect acceleratory actions on sinus node function, we studied the effects of disopyramide, 1 x 10(-7) to 1 x 10(-4) M, on isolated rabbit sinus node preparations using standard microelectrode techniques. Transmembrane potentials were recorded simultaneously from the sinus node and adjoining crista terminalis area. Disopyramide, as much as 1 x 10(-5) M, had no effects on the sinus cycle length. At a concentration of 1 x 10(-4) M, sinus cycle length was significantly prolonged due to prolongation of the sinus nodal action potential duration. During cholinergic blockade with atropine, 1 x 10(-6) M, disopyramide, 1 x 10(-7) to 1 x 10(-4) M, significantly prolonged sinus cycle length as a result of a prolongation of the sinus nodal action potential duration and a decrease of the slope of phase 4 depolarization. During cholinergic stimulation with carbamyl choline, 1 x 10(-9) M, disopyramide, 1 x 10(-7) to 1 x 10(-6) M, tended to reverse carbamyl choline-induced prolongation of the sinus cycle length (NS). This acceleratory action of disopyramide was caused by a significant increase of the slope of phase 4 depolarization. Disopyramide, 1 x 10(-7) to 1 x 10(-4) M, had no significant effects on corrected sinus node recovery time or on sinoatrial conduction time under any conditions studied. We conclude that disopyramide has a direct depressant action on normal sinus node cells at the upper therapeutic and toxic levels, which is enhanced during cholinergic blockade, and that disopyramide's acceleratory action appears only at much lower concentrations and only during cholinergic stimulation. PMID- 7139899 TI - Electrophysiologic effects of disopyramide in patients with atrioventricular nodal dysfunction. AB - Seventeen patients with first-degree or Mobitz I atrioventricular (AV) block and narrow QRS complexes underwent electrophysiologic drug testing before and after i.v. administration of disopyramide. Disopyramide did not significantly change the mean sinus cycle length (895 +/- 131 vs 877 +/- 119 msec), mean maximal sinus node recovery time (1134 +/- 160 vs 1133 +/- 13 msec), mean atrial effective refractory period (314 +/- 72 vs 307 +/- 54 msec), mean AV nodal conduction time (187 +/- 79 vs 180 +/- 73 msec) or the mean paced cycle length at which AV nodal Wenckebach conduction occurred (545 +/- 144 vs 497 +/- 130 msec) after disopyramide. The mean AV nodal effective refractory period decreased significantly (from 535 +/- 137 to 521 +/- 122 msec), and both infranodal conduction time and the paced ventricular cycle length producing ventriculoatrial block increased significantly (from 56 +/- 12 to 63 +/- 13 msec and from 625 +/- 158 to 655 +/- 157 msec, respectively). We conclude that i.v. disopyramide administered in a dose resulting in therapeutic blood levels showed no adverse effects on AV nodal conduction in patients with AV nodal dysfunction. In contrast, i.v. disopyramide depressed retrograde AV conduction. PMID- 7139901 TI - Electrotonic metabolism of pacemaker activity. Further biological and mathematical observations on the behavior of modulated parasystole. AB - An in vitro biologic model of parasystole and a mathematical model of parasystole based on the phase-response relationships derived from the biologic model were used in tandem to further develop our understanding of the patterns of ectopic activity that might arise as a consequence of the interaction of two pacemakers across a zone of block. Superfusion of the central segment of a dog Purkinje fiber with an ion-free isotonic sucrose solution provided a narrow region of block. The modulation of pacemaker activity by electronic potentials transmitted across the area of block was shown to be importantly influenced by the position of the "ectopic" pacemaker relative to the site of block. Effects of repetitive electrotonic influences on a single pacemaker cycle, the degree of entrance block and capture of the pacemaker during a phase of supernormal excitability were also studied in both the biologic and mathematical models. Our results indicate that marked shifts in the incidence and pattern of manifest ectopic activity can occur as a result of slight changes in heart rate, ectopic pacemaker rate, level of block and the position of the parasystolic pacemaker relative to the block border. PMID- 7139903 TI - Digoxin-quinidine interaction in patients with chronic renal failure. AB - We evaluated the effect of quinidine on digoxin pharmacokinetic in six patients with severe renal failure. Quinidine reduced the total body clearance of digoxin from 1.87 to 1.06 l/hour (p less than 0.001), and prolonged the digoxin half-life of elimination from 5.20 to 9.61 days (p less than 0.01). The digoxin volume of distribution was unchanged. Renal clearance of digoxin was negligible; thus, the decrease in total body clearance was due to a decrease in the nonrenal clearance of digoxin. The mean trough serum concentrations of quinidine ranged from 1.0 to 3.0 micrograms/ml. We conclude that in patients with chronic renal failure, the dose of digoxin should be decreased by 50% if quinidine therapy is initiated. PMID- 7139902 TI - The microcirculation of the human heart: end-capillary loops with discrete perfusion fields. AB - We studied 10 autopsied human hearts by perfusing colored Microfil into separate coronary arteries to define organization of capillaries at the borders between two perfusion fields. Sections of "cleared" myocardium were examined with epiillumination at the grossly identified borders of Microfil perfusion. In two- and three-color-injected hearts, the capillaries were arrayed in a pattern of arcades and loops without connections between separately perfused capillary beds. In hearts perfused through only one coronary artery, the capillaries were organized into tufted loops at the border. These findings contrast with the microcirculatory pattern in canine skeletal muscle and brain, in which heterologous capillaries are focally interconnected. We conclude that the human microcirculation is composed of end-capillary loops that supply discrete perfusion fields. This pattern of unconnected heterologous capillary beds suggest that there is no obvious anatomic arrangement of the microcirculation that could account for a significant ischemic lateral border zone in human myocardial infarctions. PMID- 7139904 TI - Diagnosis of functional tricuspid insufficiency by pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasound. PMID- 7139905 TI - Echocardiographic identification of right-sided cardiac intracavitary thromboembolus in massive pulmonary embolism. AB - In a patient with clinical features of massive pulmonary embolism, two dimensional echocardiography demonstrated an echo-dense mass moving freely across the tricuspid valve between the right atrium and right ventricle. This mass was also visualized at angiography, which in addition confirmed extensive pulmonary embolism. At autopsy, the mass was found to be a coiled thrombus, one end of which had become wedged in a probe-patent foramen ovale. In another patient, bedside echocardiographic demonstration of thrombus in the right ventricular outflow tract was followed by immediate and successful embolectomy. PMID- 7139906 TI - Thallium-201 uptake in variant angina: probable demonstration of myocardial reactive hyperemia in man. AB - Myocardial thallium scintigraphy was performed in four subjects with variant angina and in one subject with isolated, fixed coronary obstruction. Three subjects with variant angina had short episodes of ischemic ST-segment elevation that lasted 20--100 seconds. Thallium scintigrams demonstrated excess uptake in regions judged to be ischemic by angiographic and electrocardiographic criteria. Two subjects, one with variant angina and the other with a fixed coronary lesion, had prolonged episodes of ischemia that lasted 390--900 seconds. Both had reduced thallium uptake in the ischemic regions. We conclude that myocardial reactive hyperemia is the cause of excess thallium uptake in patients with variant angina who have short episodes of myocardial ischemia. PMID- 7139907 TI - A scanning and transmission electron microscopic study of an infected endocardial pacemaker lead. AB - We studied the pacemaker lead that had been removed from a patient who suffered three sequential episodes of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. This organism was recovered from the surface of the lead. Scanning electron microscopy showed differential colonization of the pacemaker lead. The metal tip, the inner surface and the internal wires were covered with a heavy biofilm of bacteria. The outer silastic surface had no biofilm adherent to it; instead, well-spaced bacterial cells were seen. These observations illustrate why infection of implantable devices persists despite intensive antibiotic chemotherapy. PMID- 7139908 TI - Exercise and lipoprotein levels. PMID- 7139909 TI - The decline in coronary mortality. PMID- 7139911 TI - Prick skin testing for aspergillus. PMID- 7139910 TI - Standards for exercise testing in the pediatric age group. American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young. Ad hoc committee on exercise testing. PMID- 7139912 TI - Advances in Allergy. PMID- 7139913 TI - XI International Congress of Allergology and Clinical Immunology. Papers presented to the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. PMID- 7139914 TI - Calcium antagonists in experimental asthma. PMID- 7139915 TI - Kinetic method having a linear range for substrate concentrations that exceed Michaelis-Menten constants. AB - We describe a new data-processing method for the kinetic quantification of substrates of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Nonlinear regression is used to fit data for absorbance (A) and rate (dA/dt) vs time to the rate form of the Michaelis-Menten equation. Fitting parameters are the maximum velocity (Vmax), the Michaelis constant (Km), and the total absorbance change (delta A infinity) that would be observed if the reaction were monitored to completion. The method is evaluated with use of the uricase-catalyzed oxidation of uric acid, monitored at 293 nm, as a model reaction. Results for aqueous solutions demonstrate linear calibration plots for concentrations from well below to 3.5-fold the Michaelis constant, a zero temperature coefficient (36-38 degrees C), and near zero dependence on inhibitor (xanthine) concentrations that reduce the initial rate of 28% of its uninhibited value. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) vary from about 2 to 15%, depending on the data range (95-65% completion) used to process the data. For an 80% reaction data range, the pooled RSD was 6%. The sensitivity for uric acid is 1.15 x 10(4) L mol-1 cm-1 and the detection limit (95% confidence level) is 1.2 x 10(-6) mol/L. PMID- 7139916 TI - The Kodak Ektachem clinical chemistry slide for measurement of bilirubin in newborns: principles and performance. AB - In this slide, unconjugated bilirubin and its sugar conjugates interact with a cationic polymeric mordant to form spectrally enhanced complexes having similar absorptivities at approximately 400 nm. With reflection densitometry and appropriate mathematical transformation, readings at this wavelength are linearly related to bilirubin concentrations up to 260 mg/L. The slide requires 10 microL of serum, is precise (total CV less than 2% determined over 20 days for the analyte range 39-184 mg/L), gives results that correlate well with the Doumas et al. modification of the Jendrassik-Grof method (slope 0.95, intercept 0.3, Sy . x 3.4, r = 0.991), and is relatively interference free. Also, the slide measures less loss of bilirubin after in vitro illumination of serum specimens than do diazo tests. An intermediate layer in the slide minimizes the spectral interference from hemoglobin and prevents the detection of the strongly protein linked ("delta") bilirubin found in many jaundiced adults. The method is recommended for newborns (less than or equal to 14 days), in whom the incidence of delta bilirubin is negligible. PMID- 7139917 TI - Mixture analysis by triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry: metabolic profiling of urinary carboxylic acids. AB - In this new method for profiling urinary carboxylic acids, lyophilized urine samples are analyzed directly with a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer. Extraction, derivatization, and lengthy gas-chromatographic separation procedures are obviated by this approach. Total sample-preparation, instrument, and data analysis time per sample is about 15 min. More than 100 different organic acids can be detected in a typical urine sample. All components of the solid urine residue are volatilized into the ion source of the mass spectrometer and converted to (M-1)- ions by reaction with OH- under chemical ionization conditions. Quadrupole 1 is set to transmit ions of a particular m/z ratio, which in turn collide with molecular nitrogen in quadrupole 2 and dissociate to smaller charged fragments. Carboxylic acid (M-1)- ions uniquely lose either CO2 (44 atomic mass units) or both H2O and CO2 (62 atomic mass units). Quadrupole 3 is set to pass only ions that have lost either 44 or 62 atomic mass units. Accordingly, the instrument specifically detects carboxylic acids in the urine matrix and no other components. Direct analysis of polyethylene glycols and their acidic metabolites in urine and serum of a burn patient treated with an antimicrobial cream having a polyethylene glycol base is also discribed. PMID- 7139918 TI - Radioimmunoassay for salivary estriol, with use of an 125I radioligand and a solid-phase separation technique. AB - This simple, rapid radioimmunoassay for salivary unconjugated estriol in the third trimester of pregnancy is based on use of a Sepharose-coupled antiserum and a radioiodinated tracer, and requires only a 15-min incubation. Estriol conjugates are shown not to be present in saliva in significant concentrations; therefore a preliminary extraction is unnecessary. Determinations of unconjugated estriol in matched specimens of plasma and saliva correlate well (r = 0.95). A provisional normal range for 30 weeks to term agrees closely with those reported by others. This assay can give results quickly for the large numbers of specimens generated by weekly or daily sampling regimes. PMID- 7139919 TI - Biliprotein in adult icteric serum--demonstrated by extension of the alkaline methanolysis procedure. AB - We confirmed that the alkaline methanolysis procedure of Blanckaert (Biochem. J. 185: 115-128, 1980) converts the sugar conjugates of bilirubin (Bc) into their corresponding methyl and dimethyl esters, which can be extracted into chloroform along with underivatized unconjugated bilirubin (Bu). By this procedure, we accounted for Bu nearly quantitatively, but only 76-83% of total Bc. By pretreating samples containing Bu and (or) Bc with a caffeine/benzoate reagent, we improved the analytical recovery of Bc to 85-93% without affecting the Bu. When the method (+ caffeine/benzoate) was applied to adult icteric serum, a variable fraction (20-75%) of the original total bilirubin (based on diazo reactivity) remained with the protein pellet, which is routinely discarded in the original methanolysis procedure. In this pellet we demonstrated the occurrence of a strongly protein-bonded bilirubin fraction (biliprotein) similar to the recently described "delta" fraction (Clin. Chem. 28: 629-637, 1982). The analytical and clinical implications of our findings are discussed. PMID- 7139920 TI - Four methods for glucose assay compared for various glucose concentrations and under different clinical conditions. AB - Glucose was measured by the ferricyanide, the Beckman glucose oxidase, and the hexokinase procedures in 228 plasma samples taken during standard oral glucose tolerance tests in 17 normal subjects and in 21 chemical diabetics. The neocuproine method was also used to measure glucose concentration in 156 samples (78 before and 78 after dialysis) collected from six diabetic and uremic patients who were on maintenance hemodialysis. Ferricyanide in all conditions and neocuproine in uremic patients overestimated glucose concentrations over the entire experimental range as compared with either enzymic method. This bias or systematic error of the reducing vs the enzymic procedures, due to nonglucose reducing substances ("saccharoids"), becomes considerably greater when their concentration is increased as in chronic uremia. Also, the inverse relation between glucose concentration and overestimation of glucose by the reducing methods has been detected. With respect to the hexokinase method, a mild but significant underestimate of glucose oxidase readings has been observed for higher glucose concentrations. We find neocuproine to be the most imprecise of these procedures. PMID- 7139921 TI - Anatomically-related variations in trace-metal concentrations in hair. AB - Scalp-hair analysis is used as an indicator of trace-metal concentrations in the human body. The major shortcoming of this approach is the inability to differentiate between endogenous and exogenous trace metals. Our analyses show no correlation between the concentrations of calcium, magnesium, copper, iron, or zinc in scalp hair and pubic hair in 67 donor-matched hair samples. We interpret this as a strong indication that exogenous trace metals make a significant contribution to the results for trace metals in human hair. PMID- 7139922 TI - Transformation of creatine kinase-BB isoenzyme in vitro: effect of carboxylic acids, thiols, pH, cations, and chelators. AB - Creatine kinase isoenzyme BB from rat brain was incubated with serum, dialyzed serum, or plasma, with added carboxylic acids, thiols, buffers, or cations. It was found to be very unstable at 37 degrees C under all these conditions, being transformed to CK-BB', a form that migrates like CK-MB on agarose electrophoretic plates. This transformation is enhanced at alkaline pH and, especially, by Zn2+. CK-BB' is quite stable, and probably results from binding of cations to CK-BB, because the transformation is prevented by EDTA and citrate. PMID- 7139923 TI - A more specific, liquid-chromatographic method for free cortisol in urine. AB - Currently used assays for urinary cortisol reportedly overestimate it, owing to cross-reacting substances. We describe here a method for separating and measuring by liquid chromatography cortisol extracted from urine. The method is specific for cortisol and as little as 5 ng per sample can be measured. Mean analytical recovery of added cortisol was 98.8% (SD 6.1%) and the coefficients of variation ranged from 3.1 to 4.7% (within-day) and from 7.1 to 14% (between-day). Mean (and SD) urinary excretion of cortisol for 45 normal men and women was 20.1 (SD 7.6) micrograms/24 h; for 29 children it was 14.1 (SD 6.0) micrograms/24 h. Results by radioimmunoassay were 1.4- to 4.3-fold greater than by this method, and results of the two assays did not correlate well (r = 0.59, p less than 0.01). We consider the present method to be a practical and specific assay for three cortisol in urine. PMID- 7139924 TI - Systematic error between erythrocyte protoporphyrin in proficiency test samples and patients' samples as measured with two hematofluorometers. AB - Hematofluorometers manufactured by two different companies (Aviv Biomedical and Environmental Science Associates) performed satisfactorily for protoporphyrin determinations with proficiency test samples but showed about a 30% low bias with actual clinical blood specimens. PMID- 7139925 TI - L-Phenylalanine inhibition of human alkaline phosphatases with p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate. AB - With p-nitrophenyl phosphate as the substrate, there reportedly is no organ specific inhibition of alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) activity by L phenylalanine. However, we found that at pH 10.0, with p-nitrophenyl phosphate as the substrate, L-phenylalanine obviously inhibits the alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme from human placenta, whereas there is little if any inhibition of the isoenzyme from human intestine. Because of the differing effects of substrates (p nitrophenyl phosphate and phenyl phosphate) and their enzymic products (p nitrophenol and phenol) for L-phenylalanine action on the placental alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme, we suggest that the isoenzyme--inhibitor--substrate complex and the effect of released phosphate on L-phenylalanine inhibition of the isoenzyme activity differ from each other. PMID- 7139926 TI - Falsely negative laboratory diagnosis for myocardial infarction owing to the concurrent presence of macro creatine kinase and macro lactate dehydrogenase. AB - Macro creatine kinase (CK, EC 2.7.3.2) and macro lactate dehydrogenase (LD, EC 1.1.1.27) were both present in the serum of a 70-year-old woman with myocardial infarction. This interfered with the interpretation of the CK and LD isoenzyme analyses. Gel filtration and immunoprecipitation showed that the macro CK consisted of IgG and CK and the macro LD of IgG and LD. The IgG in this patient bound both MB and BB isoenzymes of CK, resulting in a macro CK complex that co migrated with CK-MM on cellulose acetate electrophoresis. This situation led to a falsely negative laboratory diagnosis for myocardial infarction. PMID- 7139927 TI - Discussion of the proposed selected method for parathyrin (parathyroid hormone) PMID- 7139928 TI - Treatment with heparin and results for free thyroxin: an in vivo or an in vitro effect? PMID- 7139929 TI - Improved measurement of uric acid in human urine by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. PMID- 7139930 TI - Cross reactivity of digoxin radioimmunoassay kits to dihydrodigoxin. PMID- 7139931 TI - Effect of temperature on response of the sweat chloride ion-selective electrode. PMID- 7139932 TI - Commercial protein-containing solutions for quality assurance of [Ca2+] measurement. PMID- 7139933 TI - Two laboratory evaluations of the Ames Glucometer. PMID- 7139934 TI - Effects of some cosmetics on copper and zinc concentrations in human scalp hair. PMID- 7139935 TI - Boehringer Mannheim Diagnostics' Multichannel Analyzer--model evaluation. PMID- 7139936 TI - Improved determination of inorganic phosphate with the ABA-100 Bichromatic Analyzer. PMID- 7139937 TI - Simplified measurement of polyethylene glycol 400 in urine. PMID- 7139938 TI - A procedure for the kinetic colorimetric determination of serum cholinesterase activity. AB - A choline oxidase-peroxidase coupled enzyme procedures is proposed for the determination of cholinesterase activity in human serum. This system is not only kinetic and colorimetric but is also relatively quick and simple to perform. The initial comparisons suggest that this method correlates well with a commonly used propionylthiocholine-dinitrobis-(nitro-benzoic acid) technique. Large amounts of bilirubin in the sample appear to have only minor deleterious effects on the assay. Since there are only two reagents that may be premixed, the procedure appears to be amenable to automation. The use of a mixture of sodium 2-hydroxy 3,5-dichlorobenzenesulfonate and 4-aminoantipyrene in the peroxidase catalyzed indicator reaction provides for a marked increase in sensitivity over previously reported 4-aminoantipyrene-phenol systems. This augmented sensitivity provides for a relatively large reagent to sample ratio. In addition, the reagents lend themselves toward lyophilization or "dry-fill". PMID- 7139939 TI - Transcobalamin II in protein-energy malnutrition among residents of the Kivu area. AB - Transcobalamin II, the crucial transport protein for vitamin B12, was measured in protein-energy malnutrition patients and healthy controls. No significant difference between these two groups was observed. Treated patients showed higher concentrations than those on admission. The striking observation was, however, that all African subjects studied in Lwiro, Zaire, had very high transcobalamin II levels compared to Europeans living either in Brussels or in Lwiro, and compared to Africans living in Brussels. This observation seems therefore not simply related to genetic or to environmental factors. No evident explanation is yet available. PMID- 7139940 TI - Biochemical study of a case of hemolytic anemia with increased (85 fold) red cell adenosine deaminase. AB - An increased red cell adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity (85-fold) was found in a 10-year-old male child suffering from severe hemolytic disease. Evidence is given that the excessive ADA activity in erythrocytes is due to an abnormal amount of a catalytically and immunologically normal enzyme. Metabolic studies with the patient's erythrocytes show that the low ATP concentration in these cells (64% of comparably reticulocyte-rich blood) is due both to a diminished synthesis of adenylic nucleotides from adenosine, and to an excessive catabolism of AMP. PMID- 7139942 TI - A rapid method for myoglobin radioimmunoanalysis as a diagnostic tool in myocardial infarction. PMID- 7139941 TI - Serum ribonuclease in the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma and in monitoring chemotherapy. AB - Although serum ribonuclease (RNAase) activity (measured by Reddi's method [1]) was significantly higher in 24 patients with pancreatic carcinoma (mean 12.5 units) than in 93 control subjects (mean 5.0 units), 14 patients with chronic pancreatitis (mean 5.2 units) and 83 patients with other primary malignancies (mean 6.8 units), there was much overlap between the four groups and considerable (16.5%) inter-assay variation. Modification of the assay to eliminate a substrate inhibition effect gave acceptable inter-assay variation but abolished any significant difference between the four groups. Changes in serum RNAase activity did not reflect clinical changes in patients with pancreatic carcinoma followed serially during a trial of chemotherapy. The results indicate that serum RNAase is not a useful marker of pancreatic carcinoma. PMID- 7139943 TI - Flameless atomic absorption assay of serum manganese. PMID- 7139944 TI - Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of fecal neutral sterols using a capillary column. PMID- 7139945 TI - Analysis of steroids from normal and tumor tissue by HPLC. AB - This paper presents a rapid method for the separation and quantitation of steroids obtained from normal and tumor tissue of the human adrenal and ovary. The tissues are initially extracted by organic solvent to separate the steroids from water-soluble compounds. The organically soluble steroids from the human tissues are chromatographed using a previously validated high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. This results in the rapid separation of progesterone, pregnenolone and corticosteroid pathway steroids. The steroids of the progesterone pathway (progesterone, testosterone, androstenedione, 17 hydroxyprogesterone) are directly quantitated by integration (using 254 nm absorbance) of the resultant peak areas. These direct quantitative results are compared to the results obtained by radioimmunoassay of the various steroids present in the sample. This use of HPLC results in the rapid separation and direct quantitation (in 40-50 min) of these steroids from human tissues. PMID- 7139946 TI - A non-competitive solid-phase radioimmunoassay for human aldolase A. AB - A solid-phase, non-competitive radioimmunoassay for aldolase A in human serum has been developed. Human aldolase A was purified from muscle, and specific antisera to the purified aldolase A were obtained from chickens. Specific IgG anti-human aldolase A was purified by affinity chromatography. Disposable polypropylene plates were coated with specific IgG antibody and used for radioimmunoassay with 125I-specific IgG antibody to aldolase A. The non-specific binding was minimized by saturating the binding sites of the plates with 2% ovalbumin in 0.1% Tween 20. This radioimmunoassay is specific for the aldolase A subunit, with no cross reactivity with human aldolase B subunit or homopolymeric human aldolase C(C4). The serum aldolase A immunoreactivities of 33 normal subjects ranged from 124 to 212 ng/ml with a mean of 178 +/- 41 ng/ml (+/- 2 SD). Ninety-three patients' sera were assayed with both a solid-phase non-competitive radioimmunoassay and a competitive double antibody radioimmunoassay developed in our laboratory and the results showed a high degree of correlation (r = 0.912; p less than 0.001). Rapidity and simplicity of the solid-phase assay makes it superior to other methods for the measurement of serum aldolase isozymes. PMID- 7139947 TI - Measurement of glycosylated haemoglobins using an affinity chromatography method. AB - After removal of the labile material, we have measured the stable glycosylated fraction of haemoglobin with a new, commercially available, phenylboronic acid affinity gel, Glycogel B. The mean value was established for 61 non-diabetics as 7.31 (SD +/- 0.92)% and for 108 diabetics as 12.70 (SD +/- 2.88)%. The method is highly reproducible with a coefficient of variation below 2.0%. The effect of changing the temperature from 7 degrees C to 37 degrees C, and pH from 8.1 to 8.9 was investigated. For accurate results the temperature should be maintained between 20 degrees C +/- 1 degree C, and the pH between 8.6 +/- 0.1. A poor, but significant correlation (r = 0.43) between glycosylated haemoglobin and simultaneous blood glucose was shown. There was a good correlation with the agar gel electrophoretic method (r = 0.95). The slope of the regression line was 1.20 which indicates that this affinity method measures more than just HbA1. The affinity method appears to offer selectivity for diabetics than the electrophoretic method. PMID- 7139948 TI - A radioimmunoassay for neurotensin in human plasma. AB - A specific radioimmunoassay for neurotensin in plasma has been developed with a sensitivity of 2 pmol/l of plasma. The antiserum was directed towards the amino terminal region of neurotensin and did not cross-react with other gastrointestinal peptides. Non-specific interference was eliminated and the sensitivity increased by extracting the plasma samples with ethanol prior to assay. Within- and between-assay coefficients of variation were 7.8% and .12% respectively. The mean plasma concentration of neurotensin in 30 fasting subjects was 29 +/- 4 pmol/l. A mixed meal increased plasma neurotensin from 16 +/- 2 to 53 +/- 6 pmol/l at 2 h. PMID- 7139949 TI - Altered peroxide metabolism in erythrocytes from children with cystic fibrosis. AB - The superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and the lipid peroxidation values in the blood of healthy volunteers were compared with those of children of various ages and of both sexes with cystic fibrosis and with those of the heterozygous parents of these children. The red blood cell superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in children with cystic fibrosis and in their parents are significantly increased. At the same time, the lipid peroxidation of the red blood cells (the quantity of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) is significantly reduced. PMID- 7139950 TI - Isoamylase analysis using an amylase inhibitor--comparison with an electrophoretic method. PMID- 7139951 TI - Serum immunoglobulin levels in children with homozygous sickle cell disease. AB - Serum immunoglobulin levels (IgA, IgG, and IgM) have been assayed in a representative sample of children (aged 1-7 years) with homozygous sickle cell disease and in the age/sex-matched control children with a normal haemoglobin genotype, followed from birth in a prospective cohort study. In SS disease, significant elevation of IgA occurred from the age of two years and of IgG from the age of six years. IgM levels were not significantly different in the two genotypes. The mechanisms contributing to these changes in immunoglobulins are currently unclear as is their clinical significance. PMID- 7139952 TI - A rapid and sensitive procedure for the quantitative determination of plasma amino acids. PMID- 7139953 TI - Blood nitrates and infantile methemoglobinemia. AB - Infantile methemoglobinemia is of much more frequent occurrence among hospitalized newborns and young infants than is generally appreciated. When present, acute diarrhoea of different etiologies is almost exclusively the cause of hospitalization. No correlation between this condition and ingestion of food or water containing high concentrations of nitrates or nitrites was found. This study demonstrates for the first time that high blood nitrates are a regular part of the syndrome. The evidence presented is interpreted as indicating that diarrhoea results in endogenous, de novo synthesis of nitrites, and this is the principal cause of infantile methemoglobinemia. PMID- 7139954 TI - A method for the routine determination of aluminium in serum and water by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry. AB - A simple but reliable method for the routine determination of aluminium in serum and water by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry is described. No preparatory procedures are required for water samples, although serum is mixed with a wetting agent (Triton X-100) to allow complete combustion of the samples and to improve analytical precision. Precautions to prevent contamination during sample handling are discussed and instrumental parameters are defined. The method has a sensitivity of 35.5 pg and detection limits of 2.3 micrograms Al/l for serum and 1.3 micrograms Al/l for water. The method was used to determine the aluminium concentration in serum of 46 normal subjects. The mean aluminium content was 7.3 micrograms/l (range 2--15 micrograms/l. PMID- 7139955 TI - A rapid method for the quantitative extraction of bile acids and their conjugates from serum using commercially available reverse-phase octadecylsilane bonded silica cartridges. AB - Described is a rapid semi-automated technique for the quantitative extraction of bile acids and their conjugates from serum samples using commercially available reverse-phase octadecylsilane bonded silica cartridges. Serum is diluted with 4 volumes of 0.1 mol/l sodium hydroxide and the sample heated to 64 degrees C before application to the cartridge. Bile acids and their conjugates are adsorbed to the octadecylsilane bonded silica particles and reproducibly recovered by elution with a small volume of methanol. The technique is superior to extraction procedures using either Amberlite XAD resins or liquid-liquid partitioning, and gives a quantitative recovery of polar bile acid sulphates. The method is convenient and rapid and by using a specially designed apparatus it is possible to extract up to 60 samples/hour. PMID- 7139956 TI - Double-antibody solid-phase radioimmunoassay for blood bradykinin. AB - A solid phase radioimmunoassay for the determination of blood bradykinin has been developed. Highly specific antibodies against bradykinin were raised in rabbits after coupling the peptide to thyroglobulin. Iodination of [Tyr8]-bradykinin was carried out with a chloramine-T procedure resulting in a tracer with high specific activity. Bradykinin was isolated in the following way: blood was sampled directly into acetone, and lipids were removed by extraction with petroleum either (40-60 degrees C). The final purification was made on QAE Sephadex A-25 at pH 7.4. The mean recovery of added [125I-Tyr8]-bradykinin was 28% with a sample volume of 6 ml whole blood. The sensitivity of the radioimmunoassay was 1.25 pg/tube or 3 pg/ml blood. The reproducibility of the method is satisfactory with a between-assay coefficient of variation below 16%. Levels found in venous blood were below 3 pg bradykinin/ml in normal persons. PMID- 7139957 TI - Some examples of the clinical importance of the basic and heparin-induced phospholipase A in human plasma. AB - Phospholipase A activity was determined in human plasma with biological 32P labelled phosphatidylethanolamine from rat liver following cardiac operations with the aid of the heart-lung-machine. The basic activity before heparin and the initiation of bypass was 72 nmol . ml-1 . h-1 plasma; thereby large differences in the basic activity were detected between cyanotic and acyanotic heart diseases. A sharp increase of phospholipase activity was observed after heparin (a smaller one in intensive care patients with low-dose heparin), and a further increase up to the end of perfusion. Normal values are reached after giving protamine at the end of the operation. An important role for plasma phospholipase in the regulation of physiological and pathophysiological processes may be supposed from these results. PMID- 7139958 TI - The direct quantification in whole serum of HDL subfractions. AB - A method is described for the direct electrophoretic separation in human serum of three HDL subfractions and the quantification of the cholesterol content of these by means of gas-liquid chromatography. Used in conjunction with established procedures for the separation of total HDL, VLDL and LDL on agarose gels (with gas-liquid chromatography quantification of cholesterol in each band) the procedure affords comprehensive information on lipoprotein metabolism in patients. Two technicians can process 10 samples per day, making the method suitable for semi-large scale screening of patients such as may occur in clinical trials or to evaluate in greater detail lipoprotein patterns of patients suspected of having lipoprotein abnormalities on the basis of simpler screening methods. Results obtained by the method correlate well with those obtained by means of ultracentrifugation. PMID- 7139959 TI - Sensitisation and visualisation of biochemical measurements using the NAD/NADH system by means of Meldola blue. I. Principle and application to the continuous flow measurement of LDH and alpha HBDH activities in serum. PMID- 7139960 TI - Sensitisation and visualisation of biochemical measurements using the NAD/NADH system by means of Meldola blue. II. Application to the continuous flow determination of plasma glucose and urea. PMID- 7139961 TI - Optimal conditions for prolidase assay by proline colorimetric determination: application to iminodipeptiduria. AB - Prolidase assay was reinvestigated by determining proline, using Chinard's method. Although several authors had previously tested this colorimetric reaction, accurate details regarding enzyme activity were not available. The need for greater sensitivity led to the introduction of several modifications: dialysis was eliminated and the substrate concentration and incubation time were changed. In addition, the reaction mixture was preincubated with Mn2+ for 24 h in order to triple prolidase activity. Color development followed at 90 degrees C, because of partial glycylproline hydrolysis at higher temperatures. The effect of several divalent cations on prolidase activity were tested with and without Mn2+. This modified assay was applied to erythrocytes, plasma and skin fibroblasts from a female patient with iminodipeptiduria. PMID- 7139962 TI - Plasma and urine carnitine in children with diabetes mellitus. AB - L-Carnitine is essential for the transport of long chain fatty acids into mitochondria and, hence, in ketoacid production. Total, free and acylcarnitine in plasma and urine have been determined in 52 children and adolescents with insulin dependent juvenile diabetes and compared with 72 controls. The subjects were divided into three age groups 8-10, 11-15 and 16-20 years. The plasma, total and free carnitine were significantly lower in diabetic patients than in controls in all age groups. Acylcarnitine was significantly higher in the diabetic patients than in the controls in the two younger age groups. No sex-related differences in plasma carnitine and its derivatives were found in the two younger groups. A statistically significant correlation coefficient was noted between glycosylated hemoglobin and the plasma acyl/free carnitine ratio, 2 p less than 0.05. The daily urinary excretion and renal clearance of carnitine and its derivatives showed few significant differences between the diabetic and the control subjects. PMID- 7139963 TI - 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol in human cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 7139964 TI - Fertility after childbirth: infant feeding patterns, basal PRL levels and post partum ovulation. AB - The infant feeding patterns at the time of first ovulation after childbirth were determined in a longitudinal study of twenty-seven mothers who chose to breast feed their babies. Fourteen mothers suppressed ovulation throughout lactation and thirteen ovulated while still breast feeding. Those who ovulated while breast feeding had all introduced two or more supplementary feeds/day, reduced suckling frequency to less than six times/day and reduced suckling duration to less than 60 min/day at the time of first ovulation. Basal PRL levels had fallen to below 600 microunits/l in all but one of the mothers at first ovulation. Those mothers who suppressed ovulation for more than 40 weeks post-partum (late ovulation group) were compared with those who ovulated between 30 and 40 weeks post-partum (middle group) and with those who ovulated before 30 weeks post-partum (early group). The late ovulation group breast-fed for longest, suckled most intensively, maintained night feeds for longest and introduced supplementary feeds most gradually. This study suggests suckling may be the most important factor inhibiting the return of ovulation during lactation and that policies which encourage increased suckling frequency and duration will maximize the contraceptive effects of breast feeding. PMID- 7139965 TI - Fertility after childbirth: post-partum ovulation and menstruation in bottle and breast feeding mothers. PMID- 7139966 TI - Hypermineralocorticism without excessive aldosterone secretion: an adrenal carcinoma producing deoxycorticosterone. AB - A 51-year-old female was thought to have Conn's syndrome because she had hypertension, hypokalaemia and low plasma renin activity. The cause was not aldosterone excess, but there was an adrenal cortical carcinoma producing 11 deoxycorticosterone (DOC) in extremely large quantities, with ineffective 11 beta steroid hydroxylation. Plasma and urinary aldosterone levels were within the normal range. Blood levels of other steroids including those on the pathways of formation of glucocorticoids and sex steroids were unaffected. The tumor was cultured in vitro and shown by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to produce predominantly DOC from tritiated pregnenolone, with no detectable aldosterone, in agreement with the in vivo results. PMID- 7139968 TI - The deficient luteal phase may represent an anovulatory cycle. PMID- 7139967 TI - Suppressed prolactin but normal neurophysin levels in cigarette smoking breast feeding women. AB - The hormonal responses to breast-feeding were studied during the first 3 post partum weeks in ten women smoking more than fifteen cigarettes/day and in a control group. Basal PRL levels were significantly lower in smokers compared with non-smokers, but suckling induced acute increments in serum PRL and oxytocin linked neurophysin, which were not influenced by smoking. The lactational pattern was normal, but smokers weaned their babies significantly earlier compared with non-smokers. Heavy cigarette smoking women have lower basal PRL levels and this may shorten the period of lactation. PMID- 7139969 TI - Proceedings of the symposium Mineralocorticoids in Essential and Secondary Hypertension. Newport Beach, California, February 28, 1982. PMID- 7139970 TI - Evidence for the presence in arterial walls of intracellular-molecular mechanism for action of mineralocorticoids. AB - Data from clinical and experimental studies indicate that mechanism(s) for action of mineralocorticoids, other than renal, must be involved in the overall effect of mineralocorticoids on circulation--increased peripheral resistance and hypertension. We have postulated existence of such a mechanism in the arterial wall and have looked for the evidence for its presence. We have found high affinity, specific binders for mineralocorticoids, and glucocorticoids, with characteristics of steroid receptors, in the cytosol of rabbit aorta and femoral and carotid arteries. These binders possess physicochemical properties of steroid receptors and, moreover, they translocate to cell nuclei (as steroid-receptor complexes) and bind to relatively specific "acceptor-sites" on nuclear chromatin. This provides evidence for the existence of an intracellular-molecular mechanism for a direct in situ action of mineralocorticoids, and also glucocorticoids, in the arterial wall. We postulate that the demonstrated previously effect of mineralocorticoids on arterial smooth muscle cell-membrane permeability to electrolytes, leading presumably to increased peripheral resistance and hypertension, is elicited through the receptor-mediated mechanism for action of mineralocorticoids in the arterial wall. PMID- 7139971 TI - Vasoconstrictor effects of aldosterone in isolated vascular tissue. AB - Isolated rings of rabbit ear artery or thoracic aorta were prepared for the measurement of isometric contraction. Treatment of ear artery with 1 X 10(-4)M aldosterone had no effect. However, in ear artery pretreated with 1 X 10(-7)M desipramine to block the catecholamine neuronal uptake process, 1 X 10(-6), 1 X 10(-5) and 1 X 10(-4)M aldosterone elicited contractions of 0.16, 0.48 and 1.31 g, respectively. Phentolamine, 1 X 10(-7)M, an alpha adrenoceptor antagonist, both prevented and reversed the aldosterone-induced contractions. Desipramine pretreated thoracic aortas were contracted to a steady-state of 1-2 g with norepinephrine and immersed in mineral oil to prevent diffusion of drugs from the tissue. Relaxation, which reflects the rate of tissue inactivation of norepinephrine, was markedly slowed by exposure of these tissues to either aldosterone, deoxycorticosterone acetate (an inhibitor of the catecholamine extraneuronal uptake process) or the combination of these steroids prior to oil immersion. It is concluded that in the ear artery, endogenous norepinephrine was spontaneously released from intramural nerves and that aldosterone blocked the catecholamine extraneuronal uptake process within the muscle coat allowing the concentration of norepinephrine to increase well above the threshold for contraction. PMID- 7139972 TI - Infusion of bovine parathyroid hormone1-34 attenuates the pressor response to angiotensin II in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Parathyroid hormone, long known to be important for calcium homeostasis, also has potent vascular effects. In the past, pharmacologic doses of parathyroid hormone or its active amino-terminal fragment (PTH1-34) were necessary to demonstrate vasoactivity. We assessed the vascular effects of physiologic doses of infused synthetic bovine PTH1-34 (15 U/hr or 1.5 micrograms/hr) on the pressor response to angiotensin II. PTH1-34 attenuated the pressor response (p less than 0.005) to one to 100 nanograms of angiotensin II in both Aoki-Okamoto spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats. There was no difference in response to either PTH or angiotensin II between strains, and at the lower doses of angiotensin II, PTH1-34 dampened the pressor response by as much as 33%. These results suggest that endogenous PTH may modulate systemic blood pressure and regional vascular resistance. In various states of parathyroid gland stimulation, the peptide may exert physiologically important vascular effects. PMID- 7139974 TI - Hypersecretion of a new corticosteroid, 18-hydroxycortisol in two types of adrenocortical hypertension. AB - The most abundant substance in the urinary free steroid fraction of patients with primary aldosteronism has been identified as 18-hydroxycortisol. 18 hydroxycortisol is very likely an adrenocortical secretory product rather than a peripheral metabolite, since it is abundantly synthesized by aldosteronoma tissue slices. The biogenesis of 18-hydroxycortisol takes place from cortisol rather than from 18-hydroxycorticosterone; that is, 17 alpha-precedes 18-hydroxylation. Cortisol 18-hydroxylation appears to be unrelated to the two other types of adrenocortical hydroxylation at this position. The pathway is present to a small extent in the normal human adrenal cortex and is only moderately stimulated by ACTH. Cortisol 18-hydroxylation is markedly accentuated in two circumstances: in the aldosteronoma cell where its presence may serve to distinguish tumor from bilateral hyperplasia and in ACTH-stimulatable hyperaldosteronism where it represents the first qualitative steroid biochemical abnormality to be demonstrated and as such may be useful in diagnosis and genetic studies. The possible contribution of 18-hydroxycortisol to the severity of the clinical manifestations of mineralocorticoid excess in these two types of aldosteronism remains to be explored. PMID- 7139973 TI - The mineralocorticoid hormone pathways in hypertension with hyperaldosteronism. AB - Simultaneous measurement of the 0800-hr plasma concentrations of deoxycorticosterone (DOC), corticosterone (B), 18-hydroxycorticosterone (18-OHB), aldosterone, 18-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone (18-OHDOC) and cortisol (F) in four types of primary aldosteronism provides evidence for primary adrenal disease. Elevated DOC with normal F concentrations in the presence of elevated 18-OHB and aldosterone, and suppressed renin concentration suggests a primary adrenal abnormality of the zona glomerulosa (ZG). Steroid production by the zona fasciculata (ZF), F, 18-OHDOC, and most often B, is normal. These patterns exist only for primary adrenal hyperplasia, aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA), and aldosterone-producing adrenocortical carcinoma (AP-Ca). Elevated DOC levels are rarely found in patients with idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA or adrenal hyperplasia) and suggest that IHA is not a primary adrenal disorder and should be excluded from the syndrome of primary aldosteronism as they have been heretofore. PMID- 7139976 TI - 3rd Congress of the International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy. October 24-27, 1982, Dallas, Texas. Abstracts. PMID- 7139975 TI - Aldosterone, sodium and potassium in essential hypertension. AB - Eighty-five patients with essential hypertension received a restricted sodium diet for 10 days. During the last 5 days sodium intake was increased by oral administration of an additional 300 mmol of NaCl. At the end of both periods blood pressure, plasma and urinary concentration of Na and K, and 24-hour secretion rate of aldosterone (ASR) were determined. ASR in the hypertensives was after NaCl loading slightly higher than that in 21 normotensive controls. Aldosterone secretion rates were highest in patients with the lowest plasma K levels after loading with NaCl. This relationship between ASR and potassium was not found after NaCl restriction. After both NaCl restriction and NaCl loading the plasma K concentrations were lowest in patients with the highest mean arterial pressures. From statistical analysis of the relations between plasma Na, plasma K, ASR and mean arterial pressure it seems highly unlikely that aldosterone plays a prime role in the relation between the height of the blood pressure and the concentration of plasma K in essential hypertension. Our data seem in line with the presence of a primary abnormality in electrolyte metabolism in essential hypertension and slight aldosteronism after salt loading as its sequela. PMID- 7139977 TI - Intravenous labetalol and intravenous dihydralazine in severe hypertension in pregnancy. AB - The effect of intravenous infusion of labetalol and of dihydralazine in increasing doses was compared in 12 women with severe hypertension in pregnancy. In 5 our of 6 women labetalol produced a smooth, progressive fall in blood pressure to normal levels with minimal side effects. In 2 our of 6 women on dihydralazine the blood pressure control was satisfactory but in the remaining 4 patients treatment had to by discontinued because of unpredictable, sudden falls in blood pressure. One of the 6 infants of mothers treated with labetalol manifested signs of adrenergic blockade. Continuous infusion of labetalol appears to offer significant advantages in the management of severe hypertension in pregnancy and merits further trial. PMID- 7139978 TI - Severe preeclampsia - maternal and fetal outcome. AB - Ninety patients with severe preeclampsia were reviewed. There was one maternal mortality and two patients who developed pulmonary edema. The corrected perinatal mortality rate was 143/100. Epidural anesthesia did not adversely affect fetal outcome. Perinatal morbidity and mortality was mainly related to the development of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Twenty-three neonates developed respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). RDS was strongly associated (P less than .001) with gestational age. RDS was not associated with mode of delivery, sex and perinatal asphyxia. PMID- 7139979 TI - [Breast cancer and hormones]. PMID- 7139980 TI - [Endocrine therapy in advanced breast cancer]. PMID- 7139981 TI - [Prostatic neoplasms and hormones]. PMID- 7139982 TI - [Endocrine aspects of thyroid cancer]. PMID- 7139983 TI - [Hypercalcemia in malignancy]. PMID- 7139984 TI - [Treatment of Cushing's syndrome and adrenal cancer with O,p-DDD]. PMID- 7139985 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of prostatic acid phosphatase in serum used "PAP Eiken" kit]. PMID- 7139986 TI - [Clinical evaluation of Ferritin [125I] RIA using double antibody assay]. PMID- 7139987 TI - [Radioimmunoassay for human parathyroid hormone (65-84)]. PMID- 7139990 TI - New aspects of diabetes. PMID- 7139991 TI - Diseases of sex and sexuality. PMID- 7139989 TI - [Application of microcomputer for statistical analysis and data processing in the development of radioimmunoassays]. PMID- 7139988 TI - [Studies of T4 determination by solid-phase radioimmunoassay for mass screening of congenital hypothyroidism]. PMID- 7139992 TI - Endocrinology of sexual dysfunction. PMID- 7139993 TI - Hormones and psychosexual differentiation: implications for the management of intersexuality, homosexuality and transsexuality. AB - During fetal development of subprimate mammals, sexual differentiation of the genitals and of specific sex-dimorphic brain systems depends on androgens; corresponding sex differences are displayed in prepubertal behaviours as well as in behaviours that depend on activation by pubertal hormones. In human beings, fetal hormones play the same role in genital differentiation. Hormone-dependent structural brain changes are also very likely but have not yet been demonstrated. The corresponding effects of fetal hormones on childhood behaviour have been found both in subhuman primates and in man, while the evidence concerning later behaviour, including sexual orientation, is not yet clear. The development of gender identity in humans is a cognitive process that has no counterpart in animal behaviour and is unlikely to be based on a specific hormone-sensitive brain system. It appears that the hormone-dependent variations of sex-dimorphic behaviour in childhood can be accommodated within either gender identity, provided that the child's physical appearance is gender adequate and the parental (or other caregivers') rearing style does not interfere with typical gender role development. In intersex individuals, changes in gender identity seem to occur primarily when genital and/or general physical appearance are in conflict with the assigned gender and/or when rearing has been ambiguous. The available descriptions of such changes do not seem compatible with a primarily neuroendocrine explanation. Thus, decisions on sex assignment and reassignment of intersex patients need to be based on expected social and sexual functioning, and the clinical management of such patients must minimize the risk of ambiguous rearing and of the development of a gender-incongruent physical appearance. The development of a sexual orientation in humans as hetero- or homosexual does not seem to depend on pubertal hormones. The evidence for a role of fetal hormones is suggestive, but the issue is not yet settled. Attempts to implicate the H-Y antigen in the aetiology of transsexuality seem to have failed; psychoendocrine research here parallels that on sexual orientation. Some recent developments in the management of transsexual patients are discussed. PMID- 7139994 TI - The sexual development of boys with the chromosome constitution 47,XXY (Klinefelter's syndrome). PMID- 7139995 TI - Vascular mechanisms involved in erection and erectile disorders. PMID- 7139996 TI - Arterial disease as a cause of impotence. AB - The traditional views on the aetiology of impotence, attributing more than 90 per cent of all cases of impotence to psychic pathogenesis, have changed. Measurement of penile blood pressure, nocturnal penile tumescence studies (NPT) and especially new techniques of arteriographic examination of the arterial bed supplying the cavernous bodies have shown that the majority of cases have an organic basis affecting the haemodynamics of erection (limitation of arterial inflow into the cavernous bodies and/or their excessive venous drainage). Arterial disease, which is the most frequent affection in the middle-aged and elderly male population, is also largely implicated in the pathogenesis and aetiology of impotence. Recognition of this role of arterial disease is important not only with respect to the treatment of impotence but above all with respect to prevention of even more serious complications of the former condition such as IHD and MI, cerebrovascular disease and stroke, or intermittent claudication and gangrene. PMID- 7139997 TI - The effects of diabetes on male sexual function. AB - Diabetic men are prone to a variety of sexual problems. It is probable that most of these sexual difficulties are the result of a progressive physical disorder upon which a psychological reaction is superimposed. Assessment needs to take account of both the physical and psychological components of the problem. The aim of management is to help the patient and his partner enjoy sexual function to the full within whatever limits are set by irreversible factors. Management therefore involves correcting potentially reversible physical and psychological factors, and helping the patient and his partner adapt to the remaining irreversible changes in sexual function. Using this approach it may be possible to improve the prognosis of what in the past has been dismissed as an intractable clinical problem. PMID- 7139998 TI - Assessment of diabetic impotence: measurement of nocturnal erections. PMID- 7139999 TI - Sexuality of diabetic women. PMID- 7140000 TI - Motility and its disturbances. PMID- 7140001 TI - The anti-reflux mechanism, its disorders and their consequences. PMID- 7140002 TI - Emotion and the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 7140003 TI - The effects of drugs on intestinal motility. PMID- 7140004 TI - The protein binding and elimination of methotrexate after intravenous infusions in cancer patients. AB - 1. Total serum concentrations and protein binding of methotrexate (MTX) have been studied after fifty-eight 6 h MTX infusions in nineteen cancer patients. 2. There was a linear relationship between dose (mg/kg) and serum MTX concentration at termination of infusion. 3. The elimination of total serum and "free' MTX followed similar bi-exponential expressions during the 72 h studied after the infusion. 4. Of the eight occasions when total serum concentrations did not fall below 10(-7) mol/l on the third day, five were associated with toxicity. 5. Mean per cent MTX bound by sera from the nineteen patients was 47.2 (s.d. = 4.4) per cent and appeared to be independent of MTX concentration within the range studied. 6. This study suggests that the very high binding previously reported for MTX should be questioned and that measurement of total serum MTX concentration (bound plus free) is sufficient for the recognition of patients who might be at risk of developing toxicity. PMID- 7140005 TI - AR-L 115 in coronary artery disease: positive inotropic effects and increase of left-ventricular pump function without inducing angina. AB - 1. AR-L 115 improves pump function in patients with advanced and fully treated congestive cardiomyopathy. Since, in spite of such beneficial responses, the energy cost involved might be detrimental when used in advanced coronary artery disease, we monitored clinical haemodynamic and ECG responses to AR-L 115 (2 mg/kg body weight, bolus) in ten patients with coronary artery disease who had developed angina pectoris and/or pathological increases in left ventricular-end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) at the end of a 1 min pacing stress test. 2. When subjected to these stress conditions again (but this time during the peak effect of AR-L 115), there was no longer evidence of ischaemic myocardial impairment, neither clinically by ECG or haemodynamically. 3. There were (average) increase of 43% in cardiac index, 16% in heart rate, 27% in stroke index, 20% in ejection fraction, 31% in VCF and 39% in dp/dt max, while LVEDP decreased to normal values as if at resting conditions. All changes were significant (P less than 0.05). 4. LV-systolic pressure and end diastolic volume (P greater than 0.05) remained the same. Thus the AR-L 115-induced improved LV-pump function was accomplished under stress conditions in the absence of evidence for myocardial ischaemia. PMID- 7140006 TI - Metabolism of arachidonic acid in the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - 1. The metabolism of [14C]-arachidonic acid has been studied in isolated aortae from age-matched spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats and their normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WK) controls. 2. High pressure liquid chromatography of extracts of the incubation mixture from both SH and WK rats revealed the presence of 6-oxo prostaglandin F1 alpha, the hydration product of prostacyclin, and a single, broad peak of unknown metabolites. No thromboxane B2, or prostaglandins E2 of F2 alpha could be detected in aortic incubations. 3. The SH rats produced significantly more 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha than the WK rats, but there was no difference between the strains in the proportion of label appearing in the unknown peak of the chromatograms. 4. These data confirm that vascular tissue of SH rats has enhanced ability to transform arachidonic acid into prostacyclin. Induction of these enzymes may be an adaptive response to elevated blood pressure, but the mechanism of this effect has yet to be elucidated. PMID- 7140007 TI - Increased sympathetic activity in renovascular hypertension in man. AB - 1. Concentrations in venous plasma of adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine were measured in samples collected simultaneously from three different sites in three varieties of hypertension. 2. In adrenal venous plasma, levels of catecholamines were increased in renovascular hypertension (n = 8) and decreased in primary aldosteronism (n = 8) when compared with essential hypertension (n = 9). 3. Concentrations were similar in antecubital and low inferior vena caval plasma, where noradrenaline was higher in renovascular hypertension. 4. Altered adrenal venous in renovascular hypertension and in primary aldosteronism. 5. Adrenal venous catecholamines deserve further study as an index of sympathetic activity. PMID- 7140008 TI - The effect of sodium intake on blood pressure related to the age of the patients. AB - 1. Sodium intake was varied in 182 normotensive volunteers. 2. systolic blood pressure rose by 3.3 (s.e.m. = 0.9) mmHg supine, 2.8 (s.e.m. = 0.7) mmHg erect. 3. Diastolic blood pressure rose by 2.7 (s.e.m. = 0.8) mmHg supine, 2.6 (s.e.m. = 0.8) mmHg erect. 4. In people over 50 y the rise was 12.4/8.1 mmHg (supine) and 9.1/7.1 mmHg (erect). 5. Blood pressure rose as sodium intake increased. Most of the rise was in the older patients but about 25% of younger patients were sensitive to sodium. PMID- 7140009 TI - "Salt sensitivity' of normotensives: interactions between changes in red blood cell 22Na efflux rate constant, dietary sodium intake and changes in blood pressure. AB - 1. In normotensive people who altered dietary sodium intake there was no overall difference in blood pressure or efflux rate constant when on a low or high sodium intake. 2. Many individuals studied had changes in blood pressure or efflux rate constant greater than the expected variation. 3. Subjects were classified into three groups depending on the change in efflux rate constant. Seven subjects who had a fall in the efflux rate constant greater than 0.02 h when they changed from a low to a high sodium intake had a significant rise in diastolic blood pressure (73, s.e.m. = 4; to 80, s.e.m. = 3 mmHg). 4. Eight subjects who had a rise in the efflux rate constant greater than 0.02 h when they changed from a low to a high sodium intake had a significant fall in diastolic pressure (82, s.e.m. = 4; to 76, s.e.m. = 4 mmHg). 5. Eight subjects who had no change in efflux rate constant when they changed from a low to a high sodium intake had no significant change in blood pressure. 6. The above associations were found when the red blood cells were incubated in plasma. No association was found when the cells were incubated in artificial medium. 7. The data supports the hypothesis that changes in membrane Na transport have a role in the control of blood pressure. 8. It is postulated that normotensive subjects who had a decreased efflux rate constant when exposed to a high sodium intake may develop essential hypertension. PMID- 7140010 TI - Onset and offset of structural arteriolar changes in DOCA/salt hypertension in the rat. AB - 1. Structural changes in resistance vessels were studied sequentially (a) by hindquarter perfusion and (b) by planimetry of renal arterioles less than or equal to 20 micrometers radius, for 10 weeks during development of DOCA (deoxycorticosterone acetate)/salt hypertension in uninephrectomized rats and 5 weeks after cessation of DOCA treatment. 2. Blood pressure and haemodynamically significant structural change increased progressively during DOCA treatment and both had partially reversed 5 weeks after cessation of DOCA. 3. Arteriolar structural changes contribute progressively to the hypertension during 10 weeks DOCA treatment. Partial reversal of structural changes contributes to the fall in blood pressure after cessation of DOCA. The persisting postDOCA hypertension can be attributed to relatively irreversible structural changes. PMID- 7140011 TI - Venous and volume factors in women during and after normotensive pregnancy. AB - 1. Venous compliance and plasma volume were measured in thirty-one continuously normotensive women early (11-20 weeks) and late (31-40 weeks) in pregnancy and following delivery. 2. Mathematically fitted pressure/volume curves, obtained by venous occlusion plethysmography, were analysed according to two describing functions (i) the peak of the first derivative dv/dp max and (ii) a work index, integral of 25 (10) p dv. 3. The relationship between venous/volume factors seen after delivery, was disturbed during pregnancy, at which time the work index provided evidence for decreased venous compliance. 4. Pregnancy could be regarded as a potentially hypertensive state, brought about by a vascular/volume mismatch. PMID- 7140012 TI - Vegetarian diet, lifestyle and blood pressure in two religious populations. AB - 1. The association between vegetarianism and blood pressure was studied in relation to obesity, sex and aspects of lifestyle in 180 Seventh-day Adventists and 113 Mormons aged 25-44 y. 2. Volunteers completed a questionnaire, a 1-day diet record and submitted to standardized measurements of blood pressure, heart rate and body size. 3. Ninety-eight Adventist "vegetarians' were comparable to the 113 Mormon omnivores for strength of religious affiliation, consumption of alcohol, tea and coffee and use of tobacco, but were significantly less obese. 4. Obesity correlated positively with blood pressures in males and females of both diet classes. Age showed a positive correlation with blood pressure in females only. 5. Adjustment of blood pressures for age and Quetelet Index indicated that there is an additional blood pressure reducing effect associated with a vegetarian diet. PMID- 7140013 TI - Neomycin and experimental hypertension. PMID- 7140015 TI - Proceedings of the Australasian Society of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacologists. 15th Annual meeting, 14-16 December 1981, Adelaide, South Australia. Abstracts. PMID- 7140016 TI - Pressure-induced changes in coronary flow and volume during reperfusion in canine hearts. AB - 1. The effects of coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion on pressure-induced changes in coronary blood flow and blood volume were investigated. 2. The left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) of canine hearts was cannulated and perfused independently with arterial blood by a controlled pressure system. LAD flow was measured continuously with an electromagnetic flowmeter and LAD volume was measured in the steady-state by indicator dilution. Measurements were made with perfusion pressure at 100 mmHg (control), 50 mmHg, and 150 mmHg before and after 2 h of LAD occlusion followed by 2 h of reperfusion. 3. With perfusion pressure at control, occlusion-reperfusion reduced LAD flow 19%, but had no significant effect on LAD volume. 4. Steady-state LAD flow and volume always varied directly with changes in perfusion pressure; after occlusion-reperfusion these variations were accentuated. 5. Analysis of transient and steady-state flow responses indicated diminished capability of arteriolar resistance vessels for active, autoregulatory adjustments in lumenal calibre following changes in perfusion pressure. 6. The results of this study demonstrate that occlusion reperfusion causes derangement to pressure-volume and pressure-flow control mechanisms in the coronary circulation. PMID- 7140014 TI - Effects of central serotonin nerve lesions on blood pressure in normotensive and hypertensive rats. PMID- 7140018 TI - Megaloblastic anemia and pancytopenia due to Proguanil in patients with chronic renal failure. PMID- 7140017 TI - Toxicity of etomidate. PMID- 7140019 TI - Wegener's granulomatosis and hemodialysis. PMID- 7140020 TI - Dialysis treatment and psoriasis in Europe. AB - One hundred and fifty out of 944 European dialysis centers reported experience with patients suffering from psoriasis. Ninety-three centers returned special questionnaires on 97 patients with end stage renal failure (ESRF patients) and on 49 patients dialyzed for psoriasis but who had normal renal function (NRF patients). Improvement of skin disease was reported in 17 out of 27 NRF patients according to both "objective criteria" and the patients' personal opinions. However, most of these patients had been on dialysis for less than one year (9.9 +/- 11.1 months) which is too short to allow for the spontaneous recurrence of psoriasis. In contrast, 60% of ESRF patients had been on dialysis for 45 +/- 3.1 months. Skin disease definitely improved in 20% of these patients after commencement of dialysis. This proportion is greater than the expected spontaneous long-term remission of psoriasis. PMID- 7140021 TI - The influence of renal function on plasma levels and urinary excretion of acebutolol and its main N-acetyl metabolite. AB - The pharmacokinetics of acebutolol and its major N-acetyl metabolite diacetolol were determined following acute intravenous and chronic oral administration to 22 subjects with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) between 3 and 127 ml/min. Following chronic oral administration the mean terminal elimination half-life of unchanged acebutolol was about 10 hours independent of renal function, whereas the hall-life of the N-acetyl metabolite increased from 12.8 hr in subjects with normal renal function (GFR greater than 90 ml/min) to 24.0 hr in preuremic patients (GFR less than 10 ml/min). The mean area of the plasma level-time curve (AUC) of the metabolite was 14.2 mg 1-1 hr in patients with normal renal function and rose to a value of 81.4 mg 1-1 hr in preuremic patients. The mean AUC of the parent drug was not influenced by changes in renal function. The considerable accumulation of the acetyl metabolite, which has about the same beta blocking activity as the unchanged drug, necessitates dose reduction of acebutolol in the presence of different degrees of renal impairment (reduction by half of the normal daily dose in patients with GFR between 30 and 10 ml/min and by three quarters when GFR less than 10 ml/min). In subjects with normal renal function, the ratio between the AUC of the parent drug and that of its major N-acetyl metabolite was 3:1 after intravenous injection of the drug, while it was 1:2.5 following chronic oral administration, indicating a marked first pass metabolism of acebutolol. PMID- 7140022 TI - Dialysis induced hypoxemia. AB - We investigated the mechanism by which hypoxemia is produced in patients on dialysis by studying changes in neutrophil count, blood gases and pulmonary function in a patient with only trace amounts of circulating C3 associated with Type II mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis and a control group of 6 patients with normal C3 levels during a 4 hour hemodialysis. Fifteen minutes after the start of dialysis the neutrophil count fell to 13% of pre-dialysis values in the control group while it only fell to 71% in the study patient. A further fall to 47% occurred in the patient at 30 minutes. A drop in PaO2 by 15% of initial values occurred at 15 and 30 minutes in the controls and the patient respectively matching the trend of fall in the neutrophil count. PaCO2 fell sharply across the dialysis membrane with reciprocol changes in the dialysis bath. Alveolar oxygen tension showed a significant reduction starting at 15 minutes correlating with the reduction in PaO2. The A-a O2 gradient was not altered significantly. These data strongly suggest that the principal mechanism leading to hypoxemia during dialysis is hypoventilation resulting from CO2 loss into the dialysis bath. Complement mediated pulmonary leucostasis may play a secondary role in inducing a quicker fall in PaO2 in the early part of dialysis. PMID- 7140023 TI - Improvement in disequilibrium symptoms during dialysis with low glucose dialyzate. AB - This study compares the frequency of dialysis disequilibrium symptoms (DDS), in 17 stable non-diabetic chronic hemodialysis patients, during a period using low glucose (200 mg/100 ml) dialyzate to a similar period using a glucose free dialyzate. There was a significant decrease in the total number of symptoms as well as the frequency of headache and post-dialysis fatigue during the low glucose period as compared to the glucose free period. The decrease in nausea or vomiting, and cramps was not significant while frequency of hypotension was unchanged. Evaluation of serum sodium, potassium, BUN, glucose and osmolarity did not reveal significant differences during the two periods. Dialysis with a low glucose bath produces less DDS than glucose free dialyzate. PMID- 7140024 TI - The effect of hyperacetatemia on cardiac output during regular hemodialysis. AB - We used impedance cardiography to monitor changes in cardiac output in 22 adult patients with terminal renal failure during hemodialysis against a dialyzate containing acetate. In 7 patients arterial acetate levels rose progressively during dialysis while in the remainder they remained low and steady. Patients who developed hyperacetatemia were able to maintain an elevated cardiac output during dialysis in contrast to the patients with stable acetate levels in whom cardiac output fell. These results strengthen our previous conclusion that acetate as used in conventional regular hemodialysis does not have a cardiodepressant action. The reported benefits of bicarbonate dialysis therefore involve other factors. PMID- 7140025 TI - Systemic heparinization of uremic patients and its effects on blood lipids and on in vitro toxicity of the plasma. AB - The effect of heparin on plasma lipids was investigated in uremic patients prior to and during hemodialysis, and in healthy individuals receiving equal heparin doses. The effects of heparin on plasma lipids were correlated with the effects of plasma on phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated lymphocytes, and on the function of human mononuclear phagocytes cultured in vitro. The plasma concentrations of high density lipoproteins, cholesterol and albumin were not influenced by systemic heparinization or hemodialysis. Plasma triglycerides showed a significant fall in both groups tested, and remained almost unchanged during hemodialysis. The ratio between the molar concentration of free fatty acids and albumin increased in both groups following systemic heparinization and was significantly correlated with a rise in plasma toxicity. PMID- 7140026 TI - The effect of renal failure and hemodialysis on serum and urine myoglobin. AB - In 33 patients with chronic renal disease, the concentration of myoglobin in serum and urine was found to be significantly elevated over that of normal controls. Hemodialysis had no statistically significant effect in lowering the serum myoglobin of patients with end stage renal disease. Similarly, no difference was found in serum myoglobin in blood entering and leaving the dialysis coil. Since myoglobin was not detectable in the dialyzate, these data illustrate that myoglobin is not appreciably dialyzable. The association between chronic renal failure and high concentration of serum and urine myoglobin was confirmed. These abnormally high levels of myoglobin in serum and urine do not necessarily lead to myoglobinuric renal failure. PMID- 7140027 TI - Impaired IgG synthesis in patients with the nephrotic syndrome. AB - Immunoglobulin synthesis by pokeweed mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes from 62 nephrotic patients and 18 healthy controls was studied. Defective IgG production was observed in patients with the nephrotic syndrome related to minimal change disease, mebranous glomerulonephritis and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. The mean values of in vitro IgG synthesis were 20%, 61% and 32%, respectively, of that obtained in the control group. At the same time, serum IgG levels were significantly decreased in each group of patients. In minimal change disease, reduced IgG production and serum levels were fully reversible after recovery (off steroid therapy). The data indicate that a cellular defect of antibody production is a common and eventually transitory phenomenon associated with the acquired hypogammaglobulinemia found in patients with a variety of glomerulopathies. PMID- 7140029 TI - Frequency and etiology of pericarditis in cases of chronic compensated renal insufficiency. PMID- 7140028 TI - Parathyroid carcinoma, adenoma and hyperplasia in a case of chronic renal insufficiency on dialysis. AB - A 62 year-old female patient with polycystic disease and chronic renal insufficiency who had required dialysis for 3 years, presented with diffuse but predominantly lumbar bone pain associated with lassitude. Radiologic studies showed diffuse osteoporosis and destruction of the 4th lumbar vertebra. Calcium levels were normal (2.30-2.50 mmoles) with increased PTH levels (1820 microliter Eq/ml). The presence of a cervical mass suggested a diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism. A cervical exploration was performed with ablation of 4 parathyroid glands and autotransplantation of a portion of the left inferior gland into the arm. Pathological studies showed the existence of carcinoma in the right superior and inferior glands, adenoma of the left superior gland and hyperplasia of the left inferior gland. The association of hyperplasia, adenoma and carcinoma could be explained by an initial hyperplasia of the 4 glands due to renal insufficiency, with subsequent transformation of 3 into adenomas of which 2 became cancerous. The patient's status was significantly improved following surgery. PMID- 7140030 TI - Acute renal failure from leptospirosis: new trends of treatment. PMID- 7140031 TI - Vascular permeability increasing factor (VPF) in IgA nephropathy. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBC) from non-nephrotic and nephrotic patients with different glomerulopathies were tested for their potential to produce vascular permeability increasing factor (VPF) after stimulation with Concanavalin-A (Con-A) in vitro. Supernatants from cultures of PBC from patients with IgA nephropathy were injected intradermally into the skins of normal Wistar rats which were given Evans blue dye solution intravenously. The mean extravasation of dye after 60 minutes was taken as a standard for the induction of local vascular permeability. Using a routine vascular permeability assay based on this principle similar studies were done with supernatants from cultures of PBC from nephrotic subjects with minimal change disease (MCD), or membranous nephropathy (MGN) and from healthy donors. The results show that cultures of PBC from non-nephrotic subjects with IgA nephropathy as well as from nephrotic MCD patients produced VPF in their supernatants whereas lymphocytes from nephrotic MGN subjects or normal donors did not. It is concluded that the production of VPF in stimulated PBC cultures from patients with IgA nephropathy or MCD might reflect altered T-cell function in these diseases, and that there is no direct relationship between VPF production and increased glomerular permeability. PMID- 7140032 TI - Intrarenal vascular sclerosis in IgA nephropathy. AB - In this analysis of 43 patients with IgA nephropathy, renal morphology was correlated with clinical data. Gross hematuria and mild proteinuria were typical among younger patients. Among older individuals the clinical spectrum was wider. A comparison with data previously obtained from the normal population indicated that disease-related glomerular sclerosis was present in 1/3 of initial biopsy specimens. The prevalent pattern of glomerular sclerosis was that of global tuft collapse, the type of sclerosis known to result from ischemia. Intrarenal vascular sclerosis was present in 1/3 of initial biopsies. Follow-up specimens from 6 patients showed progression of glomerular sclerosis, vascular sclerosis or both. Hypertension occurred in over 1/4 of patients. It is proposed that progressive renal damage in IgA nephropathy may not be solely immunologically mediated. Glomerular sclerosis may also be mediated by vascular sclerosis, or alterations in intrarenal hemodynamics in glomerulonephritis may have a direct damaging effect on both the glomerulus and the intrarenal vasculature. PMID- 7140033 TI - Cyclical changes in serum thyroid hormone concentrations related to hemodialysis: movement of hormone into and out of the extravascular space as a possible mechanism. AB - Chronic hemodialysis (CHD) patients suffer from a chronic illness that is believed not to involve the thyroid. However, they may have low serum T4 and T3 concentrations. The influence of a single hemodialysis treatment on serum thyroid hormone concentrations was studied in twenty-three CHD patients. It was found that serum total T4 and free T4 concentrations were significantly higher immediately after hemodialysis than before treatment. Immediately after hemodialysis serum T3 and TSH concentrations were unchanged. Eighteen hours after hemodialysis the serum total T4 and free T4 levels were still elevated, but, at this time, serum T3 levels were also higher than before dialysis. The serum TSH levels remain unchanged. Seventy-two hours after the start of the hemodialysis treatment, all thyroid hormone concentrations had returned to their original predialysis levels. Correction for hemoconcentration or dilution did not influence these results. We could not demonstrate any correlation between the changes in serum urea-N and creatinine levels and the observed changes in serum thyroid hormone concentrations. These cyclical changes in serum thyroid hormone levels may be ascribed to the combined effects of heparin administration during hemodialysis and the accumulation and removal of uremic substances, both of which are capable of competitive binding of thyroid hormone binding sites. For practical purposes it is important to specify the time of blood sampling in relation to a hemodialysis treatment when studying serum thyroid hormone levels in CHD patients. PMID- 7140035 TI - Serum vitamin E and fatty acid composition of the red cell membrane phospholipids in patients with chronic renal failure treated by hemodialysis. PMID- 7140034 TI - Membranous glomerulonephritis associated with eosinophilic lymphfolliculosis of the skin (Kimura's disease): report of a case and review of the literature. AB - A 48-year-old male, who had been suffering from eosinophilic lymphfolliculosis of the skin (Kimura's disease) for six years, developed the nephrotic syndrome. Renal biopsy revealed immunopathological and electron microscopic changes characteristic of membranous glomerulonephritis. A review of the literature disclosed a high frequency of renal involvement in Kimura's disease. Out of 175 reported cases of the disease, 21 (12%) were found to have proteinuria including 13 who had the nephrotic syndrome. Some of the patients were noticed to have proteinuria before the onset of the skin lesions, suggesting the existence of common etiological factor(s) capable of inducing both skin and kidney lesions. PMID- 7140036 TI - Clinical remission of type II mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis with persistence of dense deposits. PMID- 7140037 TI - Absence of secular changes in the prognosis of patients with an initial myocardial infarction. AB - A community-based study was conducted in metropolitan Baltimore in which secular trends in the in-hospital and long-term prognosis of 935 male and female patients hospitalized with an initial myocardial infarction were examined for the two periods of 1966-1967 and 1971. The in-hospital case fatality rate among males in both periods remained unchanged (19.0% vs 19.0%), whereas there was a decrease over time among women hospitalized in 1966-1967 as compared to those in 1971 (37.2% vs 26.6%) (p less than 0.10). For patients discharged alive from the hospital and followed up for as long as 10 years, no significant differences in overall survival were observed between male patients discharged in 1966-1967 and 1971 or between female patients discharged in these two periods. These findings may reflect the lack of major therapeutic advances in the care of the acute coronary patient between the two study periods and, therefore, support continuing efforts directed at the primary and secondary prevention of the atherosclerotic process. PMID- 7140038 TI - A new formula for the measurement of diastolic mitral valve orifice area. AB - This study evaluated the accuracy of a new formula for the calculation of mitral valve area. Fifty-two patients with mitral stenosis who underwent cardiac catheterization were evaluated by the standard Gorlin and the new formulas. The correlation between the two formulas was excellent (r = 0.89) for valve areas of 0-1.5 cm2. When the new valve area formula yielded an area greater than 1.5 cm2, there was no correlation with the Gorlin formula. However, the likelihood of the Gorlin mitral valve area being less than 1.0 cm2 was low (10%). The results of the new formula do not appear to be affected by atrial fibrillation and are probably subject to the same limitations when used in the presence of a regurgitant lesion. Therefore, with moderate to severe mitral stenosis, this new formula shows a good correlation. However, with mild stenosis, further work is needed to determine the accuracy and limitations of the new formula. PMID- 7140039 TI - The influence of heart rate on echocardiographic assessment of aerobic training. PMID- 7140040 TI - The pulmonary circulation and its systemic arterial supply in pulmonary atresia. PMID- 7140041 TI - Correlations of hemodynamic parameters with plasma catecholamines in patients with congestive cardiomyopathy. PMID- 7140042 TI - Interactions between a rapid atrial stimulator and a multiprogrammable ventricular demand pacemaker. AB - A patient with drug-resistant supraventricular tachycardia was well controlled for 8 years with a patient-activated rapid atrial pacemaker until she developed symptomatic bradycardic episodes. A multiprogrammable ventricular pacemaker was implanted. Assessment of the interactions between the two pacemakers demonstrated inhibition of VVI pacing by the atrial stimulator initially. Two months after implant no interaction was seen. At no time was VVT pacing affected by the atrial stimulator. Thus, interactions between these two units can occur and a multiprogrammable pacemaker should be used in this situation as it offers the flexibility to minimize any interaction that might be present. PMID- 7140043 TI - Coronary paraganglioma. PMID- 7140044 TI - Melanoma and pregnancy. PMID- 7140045 TI - Does unsuccessful salvage surgery modify the terminal course of patients with squamous carcinomas of the head and neck? PMID- 7140046 TI - Second respiratory tract carcinomas following radiotherapy to the larynx. PMID- 7140047 TI - Superfacial parotidectomy for pleomorphic parotid adenomas. AB - A personal series of 49 pleomorphic and monomorphic adenomas of the parotid gland were reviewed with regard to clinical features, the difficulty of diagnosis, operative management, complications and recurrence. Parotidectomy is contrasted with limited surgery and radiotherapy, with particular reference to the morbidity associated with recurrent tumour and the potential adverse effects of radiotherapy. It is suggested that the difficulty of pre-operative diagnosis and the overall morbidity including that due to radiotherapy and recurrent tumour, favour formal parotidectomy as the primary operative management for all parotid adenomas. PMID- 7140049 TI - Accuracy of per-operative lymph node cytology in gastric carcinoma. PMID- 7140048 TI - Etoposide--an effective single drug for treating bronchogenic carcinoma. PMID- 7140050 TI - Pancreatic cancer; a hidden disease in the elderly? PMID- 7140051 TI - The effect of hepatic arterial ligation on spontaneously developing colorectal liver metastases in the rat. PMID- 7140052 TI - Granulocyte content and tritiated thymidine uptake of mononuclear cell preparations from patients with ovarian cancer. PMID- 7140053 TI - Metastatic intrabiliary melanoma. PMID- 7140055 TI - A case of Hodgkin's disease complicating Crohn's disease. PMID- 7140054 TI - Malignant retroperitoneal sarcoma: a review of 32 cases. PMID- 7140056 TI - Tibial condylar fractures. Evaluation of treatment and outcome. AB - One hundred ten tibial condylar fractures incurred during the period from 1972 to 1978 were reviewed retrospectively. Fifty-two knees were reviewed more than one year after initial injury and were subjected to critical evaluation using a point rating system. Overall, the results were acceptable in 84% of patients. The use of a cast of traction generally produced very good results. Case bracing was used in 31% of the series. Open reduction was reserved for 17 severe and challenging fractures; six of the 17 had unsatisfactory functional results. PMID- 7140057 TI - The treatment of osteonecrosis of the medial femoral condyle. AB - Osteonecrosis of the medial femoral condyle presents as a sudden onset of pain on the medial side of the knee. This is associated with a positive bone scan and, frequently, a radiolucent lesion in the subchondral zone. In a review of 79 patients with this disease, performed to establish guidelines for treatment, the patients are divided into three groups according to clinical course and size of the lesion. Group I patients have typical clinical presentation and positive bone scans, but lack radiologic evidence of the lesion. Group II patients have small lesions, with an average diameter of 32% of that of the medial femoral condyle. Group III patients have large lesions, all with diameters greater than 50% of the diameter of the condyle. Patients in Groups I and II obtained relief of pain with conservative treatment; the lesion stabilizes; surgery should be avoided until late degenerative changes become symptomatic. The joints of Group III patients will all collapse rapidly; surgical treatment prior to the development of fixed deformity is advisable. PMID- 7140058 TI - Aeromonas hydrophila infection complicating an open tibial fracture. A case report. AB - Aeromonas hydrophila is a gram-negative bacterium that commonly inhabits soil and stagnant water. On extremely rare occasions, the organism can cause an aggressive, rapidly spreading, necrotizing infection in humans. The systemic signs of high fever, tachycardia, and elevation of the white blood cell count appear within 24 hours of wound contamination. If the wound is obscured by a cast, these signs erroneously may be attributed to a respiratory problem, e.g., atelectasis or fat metabolism. The organism is not usually sensitive to penicillin or cephalothin. The key to success for saving the extremity appears to be early aggressive debridement. Early diagnosis requires prompt wound inspection as soon as clinical signs of sepsis appear. PMID- 7140059 TI - Conservative treatment of patellar dislocations. Influence of evident factors on the tendency to redislocation and the therapeutic result. AB - The factors predisposing to recurrent dislocation and the results of conservative treatment were investigated in 79 cases of patellar dislocation. Patella alta and subluxation were significantly more common in patients without than in those with a history of injury. No single predisposing factor caused more redislocation than any other. The tendency to redislocation was significantly greater in patients younger than 20 years of age than in those older than 20 years of age at the time of primary dislocation. Corroborating reports in a large literature on the disorder, the present experience validates conservative management for primary dislocations and surgical treatment for redislocations of the patella. PMID- 7140060 TI - Intra-articular dislocation of the patella. A case report. PMID- 7140062 TI - Late revision of fibular malunion in ankle fractures. AB - Eleven patients with fibular malunion after ankle fracture healed with stiff, painful joints and radiographic evidence of fibular malunion, diastasis of the ankle mortice, and talar tilt. Reconstruction was performed by mobilizing the fibula (by osteotomy or through the old fracture site), lengthening the fibula, and restoring the ankle mortice anatomically. The operation was done three months to three years after the initial fracture in patients ranging in age from 26 to 52 years. The average follow-up period was 3.3 years. Radiographically, seven patients had the ankle joint restored anatomically. Four patients had residual talar tilt. On clinical assessment, eight patients were rated as good, two fair and improving, and one poor resulting in fusion. Good functional results were maintained at long-term follow-up examination. The factors that determined the success of the revision were the duration of the malunion, the quality of the reduction achieved, and the condition of the articular cartilage at the time of revision. Late correction of the malunited fibula with diastasis of the ankle mortice is an effective means of salvaging function in a joint otherwise destined to be stiff and painful. PMID- 7140061 TI - Endometriosis at the knee. A case report. AB - A review of the world literature since 1928 failed to disclose a case of endometriosis affecting the knee. In the case of a 32-year-old women, synovial sarcoma was suspected on the basis of the histologic findings on frozen section, but final pathologic sections showed endometriosis. Synovial sarcoma classically consists if malignant stoma containing gland-like clefts and is easily confused with endometriosis. Affecting the extremities, endometriosis is rare. The condition should new be added to the differential diagnosis of extremity swelling in actively menstruating women. PMID- 7140063 TI - Calcaneal fractures in children. An evaluation of the nature of the injury in 56 children. AB - The traditional view of calcaneal fractures in children is that this injury and its consequences are generally less severe than its adult counterpart. The validity of this conception and other ways in which children's fractures differ were examined by a retrospective review of children's injuries. The fracture patterns encountered in children 15 years of age or older resembled those of adults. Intra-articular Type 5 fractures were predominant. Children 14 years of age or younger had predominantly extra-articular fracture patterns, a possible reflection of less frequent mechanisms of vertical compression loading in children and their ability to absorb compression loading. Extra-articular and intra-articular Type 4 fractures were characteristically nondisplaced injuries, with normal calcaneal articulations being preserved in all cases. Unrecognized calcaneal fractures were frequent, reflecting both the difficulty of detecting minimal osseous injury and the benign nature of the unrecognized fracture. Associated fractures of the extremities, twice as frequent in children as adults, and axial skeletal injuries, half as frequent as in adults, should not be overlooked. The prognosis for a normally functioning calcaneus without the presence of post-traumatic arthrosis should be expected in most cases due to the nature of the fracture in children. PMID- 7140065 TI - Epicondylotrochlear fracture of the humerus before appearance of the ossification center. A case report. PMID- 7140064 TI - Nonconstrained total elbow arthroplasty. AB - Thirty capitellocondylar unhinged implant arthroplasties were performed on 27 patients during the period from October 1976 through June 1981. The average patient age was 59.4 years, with a preoperative diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis in 28 elbows and osteoarthritis in two elbows. Follow-up periods averaged 39.9 months (range, 10-62 months). The indication for elbow arthroplasty were intractable pain, joint instability, failed synovectomy, or bilateral limitation of motion. Ranged of motion evaluations showed moderate increases in flexion, pronation and supination after operation, although there was no significant improvement in extension. Ewald functional evaluation scores improved significantly from the mean of eight points prior to operation to the postoperative mean of 85 points. The significant complications occurring were deep wound infections, necessitating removal of the prosthesis (6.6%), and subluxation (13.2%), which responded to conservative treatment by long-arm casting. One patient required reconstruction of the medial collateral ligament for subluxation. Ulnar nerve paresthesia developed in 10% of the patients. One patient required neurolysis and transposition of the nerve for relief of symptoms. The posterolateral approach was adopted to reduce the incidence of ulnar nerve complications. PMID- 7140066 TI - Staged flexor tendon reconstruction using the method of Hunter. AB - Fifty-two flexor tendons were reconstructed using the staged technique described by Hunter. It is established that these patients would be unlikely to obtain gliding flexor systems by standard grafting techniques. This procedure was undertaken to salvage function in these severe problems. Most of the fingers did not have full passive motion prior to stage II, and 26 fingers (50%) achieved 80% or more of their passive potential after the Stage II graft. With the correct indications and technical skill, this procedure can give useful function to finger with poor flexor systems. Sixteen fingers were failures. There is still an indication for fusion or amputation in some fingers with massive injury, particularly when neurovascular deficiency is present. PMID- 7140067 TI - Fracture-separation of the medial epicondylar epiphysis of the elbow joint. PMID- 7140068 TI - Cornelia de Lange's syndrome. A review article (with emphasis on orthopedic significance). PMID- 7140069 TI - Diaphyseal dysplasia (englemann's syndrome). A case report demonstrating a deficiency in cortical haversian system formation. PMID- 7140070 TI - Nonsecretory myeloma. A case report. AB - While the entity of nonsecretory myeloma is rare, its diagnosis may be delayed or remain undetected if too much reliance is placed on the presence of a serum or urinary M component, which traditionally has been considered an important, if not essential, feature of plasma cell myelomatosis. Nonsecretory myeloma is characterized radiographically by the presence of classic osteolytic lesions. Laboratory studies reveal anemia, hypogammaglobulinemia, and/or the failure to demonstrate a monoclonal immunoglobulin or Bence Jones protein on repeated electrophoretic analysis. Bone marrow aspirates reveal the presence of cytologically documented myeloma cells. PMID- 7140071 TI - Posterior interosseous nerve paralysis and amyloid neuropathy of multiple myeloma. PMID- 7140072 TI - Tuberculosis in a rheumatoid patient. A case report. AB - A 72-year-old white woman with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis subsequently developed polyarticular tuberculosis. Clinical and radiographic evidence of deterioration of the right knee and left elbow was erroneously attributed to progressive rheumatoid arthritis. The diagnosis of a tuberculous infection was unduly delayed. Failure to recognize this infection might have been disastrous if a total knee arthroplasty had been performed as planned. This case illustrates the importance of awareness of other possible origins of joint destruction and infection in rheumatoid patients with rapid deterioration of joint function. PMID- 7140073 TI - Heterotopic bone marrow formation in xenogeneic implants of insoluble bone matrix gelatin. PMID- 7140075 TI - Premature femoral neck physeal closure in Perthes' disease. AB - One hundred premature femoral neck physeal closures in 430 hips with Perthes' disease have occurred in two patterns central and lateral. Abnormal physeal growth can be demonstrated early by a narrowed physeal plate with overlying avascular epiphysis and marked metaphyseal reaction below. Subsequently, a bony bridge forms between the metaphysis and epiphysis. If the physeal closure is central, the mature hip will have a short femoral neck, a relatively round femoral head, a trochanter that has overgrown the femoral head, a short leg, and a mildly deformed acetabulum. If the physeal closure is lateral, the mature hip will have a femoral head that is externally tilted as the medial neck lengthens and the lateral neck remains short, a trochanter that has overgrown the femoral head, an oval femoral head, a short leg, and a deformed acetabulum. A physeal arrest is a contraindication for a varus osteotomy because it accentuates the deformity, especially in the greater trochanter. The leg-length discrepancy may be treated by epiphysiodesis of the contralateral femur, when necessary, and the abductor muscle insufficiency may be treated by an exercise program or distal and lateral transfer of the greater trochanter. PMID- 7140074 TI - The nature of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) fractions derived from bovine bone matrix gelatin. AB - A bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) fraction consisting of 17.5K, as well as three other low MW components, was extracted from demineralized bovine bone matrix gelatin under dissociative conditions in 4 M GuHCl. This BMP fraction induces differentiation of mesenchymal cells into cartilage and bone when implanted in the thigh muscles of mice. The 17.5K component is a prime candidate for BMP, but the relationship to the 34K, 24K, and 14K components is not established completely. The 24K component is of special interest, because, when it is present in combination with 17.5K and other components, the resultant preparation has high biologic activity. The 24K component, when isolated from the 17.5K component, had no BMP activity. The 14K component, when isolated from the 17.5K component and all components, had no BMP activity. A 22K components completely isolated by CMC chromatography had no BMP activity. The tasks ahead are to examine further the conditions controlling aggregation of the four low MW glycoproteins and to determine whether it is possible to isolate a single 17.5K homogeneous polypeptide with BMP activity. PMID- 7140076 TI - Electrical potentials in medullary bone. AB - In two-month-old rabbits, consistent reading with freshly prepared silver-silver chloride electrodes using a glass tube with an ionic transfer plug and a solution of KCl saturated with AgCl disclosed an intramedullary metaphyseal voltage of 1.5 9.0 mV. The proximal metaphysis was positive. Histologic studies of the reaction to implanted constant direct current of 7.5, 15.0 and 30.0 mA suggest the presence of an intramedullary current, with the polarity of the proximal metaphysis negative. There was an osteogenic response to the electrodes in all of the animals. The effect of adjacent muscle on intramedullary current requires further investigation. The effect of normally occurring intramedullary current on dummy electrodes in the process of fracture healing warrants more study. PMID- 7140077 TI - The effects of electric currents on ATP generation, protein synthesis, and membrane transport of rat skin. AB - Direct electric currents ranging from 10 microA to 1000 microA increase ATP concentrations in the tissue and stimulate amino acid incorporation into the proteins of rat skin. The amino acid transport through the cell membrane, followed by the alpha-aminoisobutyric acid uptake, is stimulated between 100 microA and 750 microA. The stimulatory effects on ATP production and on amino acid transport, apparently mediated by different mechanisms, contribute to the final increased protein synthesizing activity. DNA metabolism followed by thymidine incorporation remains unaffected during the course of current application. The effects on AtP production can be explained by proton movements on the basis of the chemiosmotic theory of Mitchell, while the transport functions are controlled by modification in the electrical gradients across the membranes. PMID- 7140078 TI - Hip cartilage supported by methacrylate in canine arthroplasty. AB - A theoretically attractive approach to femoral head arthroplasty would be the preservation of a"biologic" bearing surface composed of autogenous articular cartilage and subchondral bone, supported by a prosthetic material with mechanical properties similar to those of trabecular bone. The substitution of such a material for bone would preclude incomplete revascularization of the femoral head and eventual bony collapse. The advantages of preserving the patient's hip joint, even in the face of a fracture that has caused the loss of vascular supply to the femoral head, are self-evident. To test this hypothesis, seven dogs underwent hip arthroplasty, whereby the trabecular bone of the femoral head was replaced with polymethylmethacrylate. When killed 2 1/2 years after operation all of the dogs demonstrated injury or loss of articular cartilage in the superior aspect of the femoral head. The lesions are consistent with advanced osteoarthritis by gross and histologic examination. These lesions apparently were produced by changing either the geometry or stiffness, or both, of the material supporting the articular cartilage. Supporting human articular cartilage with methacrylate for joint arthroplasty is not recommended. PMID- 7140079 TI - Pathologic and metabolic responses of experimental osteoarthritis to estradiol and an estradiol antagonist. AB - Tamoxifen, an estradiol antagonist, and estradiol were separately evaluated in a rabbit experimental osteoarthritis. Cartilage from anatomically defined regions of individual rabbit knees was assayed for sulfate and thymidine incorporation. Tamoxifen reduced erosive osteoarthritic pathology, while estradiol worsened it. There was no effect on the incidence of osteophytes. Metabolic studies in organ culture showed no changes relating to treatment. The results suggest that specific medical therapy for osteoarthritis is within the realm of possibility. PMID- 7140080 TI - The fate of articular cartilage in traumatic dislocation of the hip. AB - The right hips of 69 five-day-old rabbits were dislocated surgically and left to develop in the dislocated position to determine the nature and timing of changes in the hip. Using the left hips as controls, 15 survivors were killed and studied macroscopically and microscopically at two months of age and 14 at four months of age. It was found that articular cartilage of the acetabulum in the dislocated hips showed fibrous degeneration in about 50% of the two-month-old rabbits cases and in all of the four-month-old rabbits. In the dislocated femoral heads the articular cartilage was normal, and only 25% of the four-month-old animals showed fibrous degeneration. PMID- 7140081 TI - An experimental study of devices for internal fixation of distal femoral fractures. AB - Tibial traction for distal femoral fractures, followed after four to eight weeks by plaster, is the common treatment. Because of improved methodology, the proportion of surgically treated fractures had increased. Stable osteosynthesis with different plates is an established therapy for distal femoral fractures. In elderly or other patients with bone fragility, however, these operations often fail. The majority of the distal femoral fractures occur in such patients, and traction in bed is therefore often used. A less rigid device was constructed to meet the special circumstances with bone fragility. This device consists of two Ender's nails: one is inserted from each condyle, and each is connected to two cancellous screws traversing both condyles. The strength of this semielastic osteosynthesis was compared with four existing devices (AO, Rush, Zickel, Ender). Fixation was carried out in 17 pairs of osteotomized postmortem preparations from patients older than 60 years of age. The specimens were submitted to constant bending rate, and the load deformation was registered. The fixation with the condylar plate was strongest and showed the lowest flexibility. The Ender's nails and the Rush pins showed a tendency to lose their Condylar stabilization early. This was less pronounced with the Zickel nail, which, however, tended to displace at the osteotomy site during insertion and fracture the proximal fragment due to the limited bending ability of the blade construction. The new, semielastic device (ECS) was constructed to meet the special circumstances with bone fragility. It consists of two cancellous screws traversing both condyles. It combined easy insertion with moderate flexibility and high residual strength. In extension, it deflected 40 degrees without influencing residual stability. It is an interesting alternative to rigid internal fixation or traction in bed for osteoporotic patients with distal femoral fractures. In combines rigid screw fixation in the condylar part with an elastic adjustment in the femoral shaft above. PMID- 7140082 TI - Classification and surgical management of the severe sequelae of septic hips in children. AB - The treatment of the acute state of septic arthritis of the hip in children has been clearly outlined in the current literature. The treatment of residual anatomic deformity is less well understood; no classification or comprehensive treatment program has been documented. The following classification of the sequelae of septic hips in children is based on the presence or absence of a capital femoral epiphysis and hip stability. This classification defines the case material and outlines the anatomic problem requiring solution. Of ten patients with severe destruction of the femoral head followed for an average period of 11.2 years, there were eight satisfactory and two unsatisfactory results. Both unsatisfactory results were Type III hips with pseudarthrosis of the neck. Both had an average of five surgical procedures, compared with 2.2 procedures for patients with satisfactory results. The complications were leg-length discrepancy, hip instability, and scoliosis. PMID- 7140084 TI - Colles' fracture and subsequent hip fracture risk. AB - The prevention of hip fractures, a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly, is hampered by insufficient knowledge of the population at risk. A Colles' fracture associated with minor trauma is indicative of an overall 50% increase in the risk of a subsequent hip fracture. The relative risk of a subsequent hip fracture is greater for men with Colles' fracture (RR = 6.4) than for women (RR = 1.3). Among women, the risk is increased more than twofold for those whose Colles' fractures occurred at the age of 70 or older but is not increased for younger women. That greater predictive power was not achieved may be due to differences in the pathophysiology of osteoporosis at various fracture sites. PMID- 7140083 TI - Reduction, stability, and strength provided by internal fixation systems for thoracolumbar spinal injuries. AB - Anterior, posterior, and combined thoracolumbar spinal injuries were simulated in human cadaver specimens and then stressed in flexion, before and after stabilization, with Weiss Springs, Roy-Camille plates, vertebral body plates, and Harrington compression and distraction rods. The reduction, stability, and strength were determined for each implant-injury combination. For posterior ligamentous injuries, the Harrington compression system on the laminae gave reduction in extension, stability to that of the intact spine, and failure at 87.6 Nm bending load with 14.1 J energy absorption. For anterior vertebral body fracture, Harrington distraction rods from three vertebrae above to three below the injury gave a reduction in extension with stability similar to that of the intact spine. Failure occurred at 81.6 Nm load, one-third greater than with rods two levels above to two below, and 14.0 J energy absorption, twice that for the short rod. The more unstable combined anterior and posterior injury was satisfactorily reduced only by the long distraction system, which failed at 44.1 Nm load, twice that for the short rod, and 5.7 J energy absorption. By accurately determining what structures have been injured, and appropriate fixation device can be selected and the strength of the stabilized spine estimated. A thorough understanding of the biomechanics of the spine is essential for successful clinical utilization of these experimental data. PMID- 7140085 TI - Comparison of fixation in the treatment of femoral neck fractures. AB - Two hundred ninety patients with femoral neck fractures of the Garden Type III or IV were treated during the years 1965 through 1978 using one of four types of internal fixation devices. The results divided the devices into two distinct groups. Those allowing highly stable fixation (Calandruccio compression and Deyerle devices) had a higher rate of union and a higher rate of early complications. Those less stable devices (Smith-Peterson nail with Knowles pins and Knowles pins alone) had lower rates of union and early complication. Although avascular necrosis is recorded, no significant comparison could be made because of the lack of a two-year follow-up study in a significant number of cases. PMID- 7140086 TI - The location of the level of femoral neck transection for prosthetic hip arthroplasty. AB - The proper level of transection of the femoral neck for hip arthroplasty can be ascertained by using the proximal tip of the intact greater trochanter as a reference point. A transverse line projected medially from this point will cross the true level of the center of rotation of the femoral head for that hip. Placement of a trial prosthesis in accordance with this level will locate the point at which the femoral neck should be cut. By placing the femoral component so that its center of rotation is bisected by the same line, the level of the calcar flange can be marked on the neck of the femur. This is the level at which the femoral neck should be cut. PMID- 7140087 TI - Dislocation after total hip arthroplasty. Treatment with an above-knee hip spica cast. AB - A study was undertaken of 32 dislocations occurring during a nine-year period in 25 of 1280 postoperative total hip arthroplasty patients. Dislocations occurred in 0.6% of 1030 primary procedures, 1.6% of 165 conversions of hemiarthroplasties to total arthroplasties, and 20% of 85 revisions of previous total hip arthroplasties. Average time to dislocation was 31 days after primary procedures and 106 days after revisions. Acetabular cup malposition and poor patient cooperation appeared to be the causes of dislocation after primary procedures. Trochanteric absence or compromise was a factor in dislocation after revision. Treatment consisted of 13 closed reduction and 19 open reductions. An above-knee hip spica cast was employed for six weeks following closed or open reduction in 16 patients. These 16 patients have been followed up for an average of 32 months (28-45 months). Only one redislocation has occurred. PMID- 7140088 TI - Retroperitoneal abscess: manifestation of hip joint infection in a paraplegic (a case report). PMID- 7140089 TI - Resection arthroplasty for nonseptic failure of total hip arthroplasty. AB - Although resection arthroplasty is a well-recognized salvage procedure for septic total hip arthroplasty, the nonseptic complications of total hip arthroplasty are customarily handled by revision and replacement of a new total hip implant. Some of the severe forms of failure of total hip arthroplasty in the absence of infection may require resection arthroplasty. The indication is massive loss of available bone stock for the revision operation. This may result from technical errors or progressive and extensive destruction of bone associated with loosened components. Concern for this outcome is important for assessing the probabilities of long-term success of the use of total hip arthroplasty in young patients. PMID- 7140090 TI - Physiologically significant thromboembolic disease following total hip arthroplasty. A prospective study. AB - A prospective study was performed of 115 patients without previous history of thromboembolic disease undergoing 117 total hip arthroplasties. No prophylactic anticoagulants were used; two patients developed physiologically significant thromboembolic disease. No deaths were encountered. This incidence of 1.7% is significantly (p = 0.05) lower than that of previous reports and compares favorable with the incidence of complications encountered with prophylactic anticoagulation therapy itself. PMID- 7140091 TI - Proximal femur replacement for neoplastic disease. PMID- 7140092 TI - Primary total knee arthroplasty for intercondylar fracture of the femur in a rheumatoid arthritic patient. A case report. PMID- 7140093 TI - Deformation of femoral intramedullary nails. A clinical study. AB - Deformation of femoral intramedullary nails is a common complication, occurring in 78% of fractures. Presenting as curvature or angulation, deformation is attributable to either elastic or plastic bending of the nail at the time of introduction of the nail. Generally, deformation is not associated with clinical complications. Angulation can be plastic deformation associated with delayed fracture union, and is induced by weight-bearing on fractures with cortical weakness (comminution or deficiency), especially if the nail is of small diameter. Malunion, also associated with angulation, was not a clinical problem, because the maximum displacement was only 10 degrees. Theoretically, larger displacement are possible. Attempts to prevent angulation by protecting the limb in a weight-relieving caliper were unsuccessful. The best method of prevention is a careful selection of patients to avoid nailing those comminuted fractures in which angulation is likely to occur. If angulation occurs, it may be a prognostic sign of delayed union. PMID- 7140095 TI - Structural weakening of layered acrylic bone cement. AB - Occasionally during arthroplasty procedures, additional cement is required to supplement an initial polymerizing mass. In vitro studies demonstrate that this practice significantly weakens the integrity of the added cement, as determined in mechanical shear. This is accompanied by a marked increase in cement porosity, with the voids acting as sites of stress concentration. This caveat has important consequences in clinical use of acrylic bone cement. PMID- 7140094 TI - Supracondylar femoral extension osteotomies in the treatment of fixed flexion deformity of the knee. AB - Thirty-two supracondylar osteotomies of the femur were performed in 20 patients for the correction of fixed flexion deformity of the knee. The patients ranged in age from two to 36 years, with an average follow-up period of 4 1/2 years. Two thirds of the patients had underlying paralytic disease, either meningomyelocele or polio. Generally, the procedure was employed only in recalcitrant cases in which other more conservative methods had failed. Femoral shortening was the key to success. Although there was a significant complication rate, including fractures, infection, and recurrence, there were no permanent neurologic sequelae or non-unions. All patients eventually obtained satisfactory correction and function. Despite the morbidity, supracondylar extension femoral osteotomy was an effective means of treatment when more conservative methods had failed or when the deformity was particularly severe. PMID- 7140096 TI - [A case of distal spinal muscular atrophy associated with unilateral calf muscle hypertrophy]. PMID- 7140097 TI - [Malignant thymoma with cerebral metastasis]. PMID- 7140098 TI - [An autopsy case of malignant lymphoma mimicking neoplastic angioendotheliosis]. PMID- 7140099 TI - [Three cases herpes zoster myelitis]. PMID- 7140100 TI - [Tremor-like involuntary movements in head due to midbrain infarction]. PMID- 7140101 TI - [Agenesis of the corpus callosum: a neuropsychological study]. PMID- 7140102 TI - [Ataxic form of acute idiopathic polyradiculoneuritis; clinical features and prognosis of sensory ataxia]. PMID- 7140103 TI - [Responsible lesions for conscious hemiasomatognosia]. PMID- 7140104 TI - [Licorice induced myoglobinuria]. PMID- 7140105 TI - [The rabbit syndrome induced by sulpiride; a case report]. PMID- 7140106 TI - Computer edge displays for cardiac wall motion evaluation. AB - Several computer display techniques in both black and white and color are described. Use of such techniques improves the qualitative evaluation of ECG gated cardiac blood pool studies, especially by less experienced observers. Detection of wall motion at the interface between the myocardial wall and the labeled blood within the cardiac chambers is greatly enhanced. No additional equipment nor computer processing time is required to use these display schemes. PMID- 7140108 TI - Gallium uptake in Erdheim-Chester disease. PMID- 7140107 TI - Incidence of rapid resolution of defects on stress thallium scans. AB - A prospective study was performed to determine the frequency with which defects on stress thallium images undergo rapid resolution. Analysis of paired views showed that 15% of the defects present in anterior views resolve in less than 30 minutes. This study documents the loss of sensitivity that can occur if imaging does not begin promptly after injection. PMID- 7140110 TI - Obstetric anaesthesia and analgesia: safer practice. PMID- 7140109 TI - The potential role of In-111 white blood cell scans in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. AB - In many institutions, the use of In-111 white blood cell (WBC) scans have become routine for abscess detection. Its use for the detection of bone and joint inflammation, renal disease, and myocardial infarction has also been reported. Two patients are presented whose In-111 studies were of major clinical value in the management of their inflammatory bowel disease. In one, the diagnosis was suggested, and in the second, the extent of disease was defined. The potential role of In-111 WBC imaging in inflammatory bowel disease--for diagnosis, staging, and monitoring response to therapy--are discussed. Possible pitfalls as well as a comprehensive prospective study are suggested. PMID- 7140112 TI - Hazards of the supine position in pregnancy. PMID- 7140111 TI - The aspiration syndrome. AB - Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents poses a continuing hazard to obstetrical patients, resulting in needless loss of life in previously healthy women. Aspiration of significant volumes of acid, alkaline or food-containing gastric contents can cause serious morbidity and mortality. Efforts to reduce the incidence of this complication should be directed at: 1. Improved training of anaesthetic personnel in obstetric anaesthesia and use of more senior staff to cover obstetrical units. 2. Meticulous care in preanaesthetic evaluation of obstetrical patients to diagnose potential intubation problems. 3. More widespread use of regional anaesthesia for vaginal and caesarean delivery. 4. Administration of small doses of non-particulate antacids to obstetrical patients before anaesthesia. 5. Possible preoperative use of cimetidine or metoclopramide, or both. PMID- 7140113 TI - Advances in regional anaesthesia and analgesia. PMID- 7140114 TI - Anaesthetic management of twin and breech deliveries. PMID- 7140115 TI - The management of eclampsia. PMID- 7140116 TI - Diabetes, pregnancy and anaesthesia. PMID- 7140117 TI - Neurological complications of pregnancy and anaesthesia. PMID- 7140118 TI - Effects of anaesthetic and analgesic drugs on labour, fetus and neonate. PMID- 7140119 TI - Lost opportunities for the prevention of fetal asphyxia: sedation, analgesia, and general anaesthesia. PMID- 7140121 TI - Salmonella gastroenteritis in the first three months of life. A review of management and complications. AB - Salmonellosis in older children and adults is usually a self-limited disease, but the risk of complications in infants is not well-defined. We performed a retrospective review of 52 patients. 90 days of age or less, seen at the St. Louis Children's Hospital between 1975 and 1981 with stool cultures positive for salmonella. Sixteen were 30 days old or less (neonates), 21 were 31- 60 days of age, and 15 were 61-90 days old. Among patients in whom blood cultures were done initially, bacteremia was most frequent in neonates: 5/11 (45%), compared to 2/18 (11%) in older infants. All seven infants presenting with bacteremia received 10 or more days of antibiotic therapy: yet complications (osteomyelitis, fatal meningitis or chronic diarrhea) developed in three of five neonates and one of two older infants. Complications also developed in seven of 22 patients who initially had negative blood cultures, including two infants in whom sepsis later developed and two infants who required intravenous hyperalimentation because of chronic diarrhea and malnutrition. The group of 23 patients who did not have blood cultures all did well. Salmonellosis is not necessarily a self-limited infection in young infants. Even in the absence of bacteremia, clinicans would appear to be justified in using antimicrobial therapy in infants 3 months of age or les with salmonella gastroenteritis, particularly neonates of older infants with symptoms of dysentery or failure to thrive. PMID- 7140122 TI - Eosinophilic gastroenteritis in the pediatric patient. AB - Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is a diagnosis to be entertained whenever a patient had abdominal complaints accompanied by striking peripheral eosinophilia. A definitive diagnosis is of greater importance in this illness, since undiagnosed cases often undergo needless exploratory surgery. An infant seen at 2 years, 10 months of age with abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting was found to have a white blood cell count of 50,000/cu mm with 54% eosinophils and eosinophilic ascites. An antral tissue biopsy yielded a diagnosis of eosinophilic gastroenteritis after many studies had been made to exclude other diagnoses. Treatment with intermittent courses of prednisone kept the patient relatively asymptomatic over the period of 20 years during which she remained under our care. Immunologic studies shed no light on the etiology of this patient's disorder. The literature dealing with diffuse, infiltrative eosinophilic gastroenteritis is reviewed. PMID- 7140120 TI - Comparative serum prednisone and prednisolone concentrations following administration to patients with chronic active liver disease. AB - Following administration of equivalent oral doses (30mg) of either prednisone or prednisolone to 5 patients with chronic active liver disease who had failed to respond to therapy, 5 patients with chronic active liver disease in remission induced by prednisone, and 7 healthy volunteers, corticosteroid concentrations were measured in both serum and urine by radioimmunoassay. Prednisone and prednisolone concentrations in the urine were very similar in all groups, regardless of the drug given. After either treatment, the peak serum concentration and area under the prednisolone serum concentration-time curve were 4 to 5 times those of prednisone. Slight differences among the 3 groups studied were seen in prednisone and prednisolone pharmacokinetics, but none was significant. It is concluded that the use of prednisone instead of prednisolone to treat chronic active liver disease can not be implicated as a cause of treatment failure. Indeed, this study suggests that either medication is effective, and this is supported by serum concentrations which suggest a rapid interconversion equilibrium between the 2 corticosteroids. PMID- 7140123 TI - Assessment of the patient suspect of atopy. AB - A retrospective chart analysis of patients referred to the allergy service was undertaken to determine which historical and laboratory data most closely correlated with the presence of atopy. The serum IgE level was highly significant for all patients when analyzed as a group (P less than 0.0001). Other factors assumed significance when the patients were analyzed by individual age groups. Guidelines for the logical assessment of the child suspect of atopy are proposed. PMID- 7140124 TI - Clinical predictors of pneumonia as a guide to ordering chest roentgenograms. AB - To develop criteria for a more efficient approach to the ordering of chest roentgenograms, patients with fever or respiratory symptoms who were being evaluated with this diagnostic test were prospectively monitored. During a six month period, residents working in a pediatric emergency room collected data on 136 children, 3 months to 15 years of age. Pneumonia, defined by appropriate abnormal chest roentgenographic findings, occurred in 19 per cent. Of the 29 single symptoms or signs examined, the variable which was the best predictor of pneumonia was tachypnea. In addition, a cluster of pulmonary findings was also a good index, for pneumonia. If these clinical criteria had been applied to the patients under investigation, the number of chest roentgenograms obtained would have been reduced by 30 per cent. PMID- 7140125 TI - Role of hepatobiliary scintigraphy in diagnosis of Caroli's disease. PMID- 7140126 TI - Proteinuria in children. Review and evaluation. AB - Current information relating to the clinical significance of proteinuria in children through adolescence was reviewed. Proteinuria may be transient, orthostatic, or fixed. The data indicate that only fixed proteinuria-that is, proteinuria on multiple urine examinations without postural exaggeration-may indicate serious glomerular disease. The patient should be followed with periodic but infrequent examinations, avoiding unnecessary, complicated, and hazardous investigations. PMID- 7140127 TI - Airway foreign body. PMID- 7140128 TI - Chest X-rays and asthma. PMID- 7140129 TI - Thyrotoxicosis and myasthenia gravis. Case reports and discussion of immunologic similarities. PMID- 7140130 TI - A condition resembling congenital hypoplastic anemia occurring in a mother and son. PMID- 7140131 TI - Spontaneous resolution of acute hydrocephalus. A case report. PMID- 7140132 TI - Phenmetrazine: an obsolete problem drug. PMID- 7140133 TI - Timolol and propranolol: bioavailability, plasma concentrations, and beta blockade. AB - Timolol, like propranolol, is a nonselective beta-adrenergic blocker, but it is much less lipid soluble and is formulated as a single enantiomer rather than a racemic mixture. We examined the effects of such differences on bioavailability, systemic clearance, and pharmacologic response. Ten healthy subjects received placebo, 0.2 mg/kg IV propranolol, 3.2 mg/kg oral propranolol, 0.025 mg/kg IV timolol, and 0.4 mg/kg oral timolol in double-blind, randomized crossover fashion. Plasma concentrations of total drug were monitored up to 8 hr, while responses to submaximal exercise were measured at 0, 2, and 6 hr. Timolol had greater bioavailability (F = 0.61 +/- 0.06(SEM) and 0.32 +/- 0.04) and lower systemic clearance (463 +/- 74 ml kg-1 hr-1 and 1040 +/- 120 ml kg-1 hr-1) than propranolol. Half-lifes were of the same order (2.7 and 2.9 hr). There was a marginal correlation between areas under the intravenous and oral plasma concentration-time curves for timolol (r = 0.66, P = 0.054), but none for propranolol (r = 0.48, P NS). There were also correlations of the response (percent reduction in heart rate) to oral and intravenous timolol at 2 hr (r = 0.72, P less than 0.05) and 6 hr (r = 0.84, P less than 0.01) hr, but none between responses to oral and intravenous propranolol. Finally, the response to oral timolol was related to the area under its plasma concentration-time curve, whereas that to propranolol was not. We conclude that the physicochemical properties of timolol lead to greater bioavailability. Pharmacologic response to an oral dose of timolol, unlike that to propranolol, can be predicted from the response to an intravenous dose and reflects its plasma concentration. PMID- 7140134 TI - Pirmenol kinetics and effective oral dose. AB - The oral form of pirmenol has not been administered to man. Pirmenol was given by mouth to eight patients with chronic, stable premature ventricular beats (PVBs) to determine effective dose and kinetics. The patients were evaluated with a dose ranging protocol following by a double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled study of doses that were effective during dose ranging. Oral doses of 150 to 250 mg induced at least 90% suppression of PVBs 18 of the 19 times they were administered during both protocols. During the double blind experiment, a single oral dose of pirmenol suppressed 95 +/- 8% PVBs/hr (mean +/- SD) for 3 consecutive hr, while placebo suppressed 4 +/- 42% PVBs/hr (P less than 0.01). a 90% or greater reduction in PVBs persisted for a median of 6 hr (range 1 to 8 hr). The range of plasma pirmenol concentrations associated with an at last 90% reduction in PVBs was 0.7 to 2.0 micrograms/ml. Median half-life (t1/2) was 9.3 hr (range 6.0 to 12.4) with 86.6 +/- 2.4% protein binding and 82.6 +/- 23.6% bioavailability. At peak drug level there was lengthening of the QTc interval (0.036 sec, P less than 0.05), but no change in heart rate, blood pressure, PR interval or QRS duration, or symptoms. In this single-dose study, pirmenol effectively reduced PVBs, has a relatively long t1/2, and was minimally toxic. PMID- 7140135 TI - Propranolol dosage, plasma concentration, and beta blockade. AB - One hundred sixty-nine normal men received varying propranolol dosage regimens and placebo. Dose level and frequency were compared with plasma propranolol levels and beta blockade, as assessed by reduction of exercise tachycardia. Propranolol levels above 20 ng/ml induced significant beta blockade. An average daily propranolol dose slightly in excess of 160 mg led to a minimum plasma level above 20 ng/ml. Approximately 50% of subjects achieved 20 bpm or greater decrease in exercise tachycardia with 160 mg per day. The degree of beta blockade at the daily minimum propranolol level was related to dose and not dose frequency. The relation of propranolol dose and plasma levels to beta blockade in normal subjects appears to reflect observations in large clinical trials. PMID- 7140136 TI - Comparison of intravenous and oral verapamil dosing. AB - To compare the effects of intravenous and oral verapamil we examined the prolongation of the PR interval in 11 patients after (1) a single 10 mg IV bolus given over 2 min, (2) a single oral dose of 120 mg, and (3) a sustained concentration-maintaining infusion. Maximal PR interval prolongation was delayed relative to peak plasma verapamil concentration in all patients after the bolus and in seven of 11 patients after oral dosing. In all 11 patients oral verapamil was less potent than a single intravenous bolus of verapamil; the plasma verapamil concentration corresponding to a 10% prolongation of the PR was 39.5 +/ 21.7 ng/ml after the bolus and 146.3 +/- 75.1 ng/ml after the oral dose (P = 0.001). However, there was no such difference between oral verapamil and an infusion in six patients. The plasma verapamil concentration corresponding to a 10% PR prolongation was 35.7 +/- 24 ng/ml after the bolus, 132.5 +/- 80.8 ng/ml after the oral dose, and 85.2 +/- 29.9 ng/ml after the infusion. Maximum PR prolongation (drug efficacy) was comparable for the three methods of administration. There was no evidence of tachyphalaxis during prolonged infusions. We conclude that both oral doses and infusions of verapamil are less potent then bolus doses, but that drug efficacy at the concentrations reached is equivalent for the three. Plasma verapamil concentrations determined after bolus doses appear to underestimate effective plasma concentration when the drug is given by the oral or infusion methods. PMID- 7140137 TI - Effect of intravenous amiodarone on myocardial repolarization and refractoriness: a new method of assessment. AB - Amiodarone is a benzofuran derivative with depressant effects on all electrically active cardiac tissues and important antiarrhythmic properties after long-term dosing. We evaluated its short-term effects on myocardial repolarization and refractoriness in eight patients. The duration of repolarization was evaluated by a new method, the paced evoked-response system, which records the dominantly local repolarization that follows a controlled (paced) depolarization from the same site. Intravenous amiodarone (5 mg/kg) prolonged the latency of the stimulus peak-evoked T wave interval an average of 39.4 msec (+15% of control) 10 min after infusion. In animal experiments these changes correlated well with simultaneous increases in the paced monophasic action potentials obtained with suction electrode catheters. There was also a lengthening of the effective refractory period of the atrioventricular node from 270 +/- 20 to 295 +/- 25 msec. Atrial and ventricular refractoriness were not altered. Amiodarone early activity at the atrial and ventricular level apparently differs from that long term therapy and appears to favor changes in action potential duration and not changes in refractoriness. PMID- 7140138 TI - Peripheral arterial and venous responses to acetylstrophanthidin in patients with acute myocardial infarction. AB - The peripheral arterial and venous responses to rapidly active acetylstrophanthidin (rather than the much slower digitalis) were studied in patients with acute myocardial infarction without congestive heart failure. In eight control patients placebo did not change mean blood pressure (BP), calf blood flow (CBF), calf vascular resistance (CVR), or calf venous volume (CVV). Seventeen patients received 10 mg IV acetylstrophanthidin. In these patients BP increased 5.3%, CBF decreased 18.2%, and CVR increased 29.2%. Venous capacitance was not changed. Acetylstrophanthidin induced no significant change in cardiac output, systemic vascular, resistance, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, or right atrial pressure. In patients with acute myocardial infarction not complicated by congestive heart failure, digitalis may promote limb vasoconstriction and increase blood pressure, but it does not adversely affect cardiac function. PMID- 7140139 TI - Circadian blood nicotine concentrations during cigarette smoking. AB - To estimate daily nicotine consumption from the smoking of cigarettes delivering different amounts of nicotine, we studied 12 healthy subjects who smoked 30 cigarettes a day of their usual brand (x = 1.2 mg nicotine) or high- (2.5 mg) or low-nicotine (0.4 mg) research cigarettes. Blood nicotine and carboxyhemoglobin concentrations were measured every 2 hr. Nicotine consumption was estimated by the 24-hr area under the blood concentration-time curve (AUC) and compared across smoking conditions. There was considerable interindividual variation in the nicotine AUC among subjects smoking research cigarettes or while smoking usual brands, even when the latter were normalized on the basis of machine-predicted nicotine delivery. Most subjects smoked the high-nicotine research cigarettes less intensively so that nicotine levels were only modestly higher after smoking high-nicotine cigarettes than after usual brands. Low-nicotine research cigarettes were not smoked more intensively than usual brands and blood nicotine levels were substantially lower than those after smoking a usual brand. Nicotine consumption while smoking usual brands correlated strongly with consumption while smoking high- (r = 0.91) and low-nicotine (r = 0.85) research cigarettes. Circadian studies of blood concentration of nicotine while smoking cigarettes provided a direct estimate of the level of nicotine in the body throughout the day. Results confirm observations by others that levels of nicotine in the body vary widely among individuals even when smoking the same number of identical cigarettes. Thus, neither number of cigarettes smoked nor smoking-machine delivery predict daily nicotine exposure very well. PMID- 7140140 TI - Effects of cigarettes on saliva cortisol levels. AB - We determined the effects of cigarette deprivation and smoking on saliva cortisol levels in the presence and absence of an operant, monetarily reinforced work task. Subjects were randomly exposed to the following four experimental conditions over successive sessions: no smoking, smoking, no smoking + work, and smoking + work. Measurements of cortisol levels in saliva were determined before and after each daily session. Saliva cortisol levels declined from the beginning to the end of sessions and the end-of-session saliva cortisol levels were not affected by any of the four experimental conditions. Increased cigarette smoking in the presence of the work task also did not affect saliva cortisol levels. Our data do not support: reports of increased cortisol levels as a consequence of smoking or theories relating cortisol and endorphin release to nicotine habituation. PMID- 7140141 TI - Smoking-induced changes in nicotine disposition: application of a new HPLC assay for nicotine and its metabolites. AB - A sensitive, rapid high-pressure liquid chromatographic assay was developed to compare the disposition of an intravenous dose of 14C-nicotine in normal, carefully matched smokers and nonsmokers. The elimination half-lifes of nicotine and cotinine were shorter in smokers than in nonsmokers. Also consistent with an inductive effect of smoking was the increased nicotine elimination rate constant in smokers, but smoking induced more complex kinetic changes: nicotine volume of distribution was diminished in smokers, whereas nicotine clearance and area under the concentration-time curve were unchanged. The presence of nicotine and its principal metabolites in a morning specimen of urine obtained from nonsmokers before 14C-nicotine administration suggests ubiquitous, passive exposure to and absorption of chemicals present in cigarette smoke. PMID- 7140142 TI - Quazepam and flurazepam: long-term use and extended withdrawal. AB - Two investigation benzodiazepine hypnotics with long half-lifes, (30 and 15 mg quazepam and 30 mg flurazepam) were evaluated in 47-night sleep laboratory studies. The effectiveness and side effects of these benzodiazepines were assessed during short-, intermediate-, and long-term use. Subjects were also assessed for presence of rebound insomnia during the 15 days following abrupt withdrawal. Quazepam, 15 and 30 mg, and flurazepam, 30 mg, each were effective in sleep induction and maintenance after short- and intermediate-term use. Some loss of effectiveness was noted during long-term use of both doses of quazepam and, to a lesser extent, of flurazepam. Subjective reports of improvement in sleep latency and total sleep time were in general agreement with the objective data. During the 15 nights after abrupt withdrawal of these two long-half-life drugs there was no rebound insomnia, either immediate or delayed. Both drugs exerted carry-over effectiveness on the first 2 to 3 nights after withdrawal; with quazepam this effect persisted throughout the withdrawal period. Quazepam, 30 mg, induced frequent side effects related to sleepiness. Side effects noted with 30 mg flurazepam were less frequent and severe, while the side effects with 15 mg quazepam were minimal. These data suggest that the optimal dose of quazepam is 15 mg. PMID- 7140143 TI - Dependence of tolerance dose on irradiated volume in radiotherapy, and determination of volume corrected time, dose and fractionation factors. AB - Clinical observations demonstrate that the tolerance dose depends on the volume of normal tissues irradiated. It has been found to decrease if volume size irradiated increases. A relationship between tolerance dose and volume irradiated has been derived. The time, dose and fractionation (TDF) factors given by Orton and Ellis (1973) do not include the effect of volume size of irradiation. That relationship has been used to derive equations of partial tolerance (PT) and TDF factor incorporating the treatment volume size. The incorporation of this factor becomes more important when treating deep-seated tumours and when large volumes of normal tissue are involved. The value of the TDF factor changes by 30% when volume irradiated increases from 500 to 1400 cc for 200 cGy per fraction in three fractions per week schedule. PMID- 7140144 TI - Bony metastasis in carcinoma of the uterine cervix. AB - The precise incidence of metastatic involvement of bone in carcinoma of the uterine cervix is unknown. The reported total incidence varies in different studies but tends to be low. In the author's experience bony metastasis occurs more frequently than is generally recognised. In this study all the cases of cervical cancer treated in one hospital over a period of two consecutive years have been analysed In this respect. Bone secondaries were discovered in 16%. The possible factors influencing secondary spread to bone are discussed, and of these the degree of histological differentiation was found to be the most important. PMID- 7140145 TI - Primary ethmoidal lymphoma. PMID- 7140146 TI - Ultrasonography of Hodgkin's disease in the liver and spleen. AB - Ultrasound findings of 39 spleens and 68 livers in which histology was obtained at laparotomy or autopsy within a month of the examination and four livers in which abnormalities were found clinically by other methods during long-term follow-up were reviewed to evaluate the various sonographic appearances and the accuracy in detecting involvement of the spleen and liver. Only one out of 17 positive spleens had definite ultrasonic focal lesions. Not only small splenic Hodgkin's foci but also larger ones were overlooked. Of 10 positive livers, six showed diffuse inhomogeneity throughout the liver, two showed multiple, well defined, echo-poor lesions but two showed no significant ultrasonic abnormality even in retrospect. No correlation was found between the type of Hodgkin's disease and the ultrasonic appearance of involved livers. Ultrasonic examination, however, could differentiate other liver abnormalities, such as fatty changes, a cyst and a thrombosed haemangioma from infiltration of Hodgkin's disease. In one case, splenic lesions became echogenic following-chemotherapy. PMID- 7140147 TI - Ultrasound of the fetal spine. AB - The sonographic appearance of the fetal spine was studied using a dynamic section (real time) machine in 7000 pregnancies. The interpretation of the appearance was verified by the use of aborted fetuses and models in a water bath, and by clinical outcome. Twenty-nine cases of spina bifida occurred in the series, 12 with associated anencephaly, 17 with a spinal defect alone. Analysis of results by clinical outcome and ultrasonic examination of aborted abnormal fetuses show that cases with significant vertebral body and/or lateral mass abnormalities could be detected with good accuracy (91%) but those with only neural arch defects were not accurately detected, making the overall accuracy 79%. The spine is visualised in two longitudinal planes. The cranio-cervical junction is well shown in the dorsal sagittal plane, while the sacrum is identified by its characteristic curve in the sagittal plane and by its relation to the iliac bones in the coronal plane. Gaps in the lines representing the neural canal are produced by sonic shadows in the iliac bones and shoulders in the coronal planes and by the soft tissues of the extended neck in the sagittal plane. An oblique view of the gluteal region may mimic a soft tissue swelling. A third line between the two representing the neural canal is due to the transverse processes of the vertebrae. PMID- 7140148 TI - The radiology of cryptogenic obliterative bronchiolitis. AB - The radiology of 13 patients with cryptogenic obliterative bronchiolitis is reviewed. The changes on the plain chest radiograph consist of diminished mid and lower zone vasculature with evidence of mild over-inflation. On bronchography pruning of the fifth and sixth generation bronchi is seen inthe absence of features of other Obstructive airways diseases. It is concluded that this uncommon and sometimes lethal disease should be considered in patients developing respiratory outflow obstruction in the absence of any other recognised cause. PMID- 7140149 TI - Sarcoidosis presenting as a lobar or unilateral lung infiltrate. AB - We present five cases of biopsy proven pulmonary sarcoidosis with initial radiographic localisation of disease to one lung. Four of the cases later demonstrated more typical diffuse bilateral pulmonary infiltrates. Clinical and pulmonary function data of these patients are presented. Although localised pulmonary involvement by Sarcoidosis may not be uncommon, we have found only limited discussion of this radiographic picture in the literature. Our cases and a review of the available literature are the subject of this paper. PMID- 7140150 TI - Chondromyxoid fibroma of bone. AB - Chondromyxoid fibroma is a rare benign neoplasm of bone with a predominant incidence in the second and third decades of life. The commonest site is on either side of the knee joint. There is often endosteal sclerosis, well-defined scalloping and other benign features, although the cortex may be destroyed. It is commonly eccentric and rarely shows radiological evidence of calcification. The radiological features of 31 histologically confirmed cases are described and the literature is reviewed. Chondromyxoid fibroma may be mistaken radiologically for other lesions, particularly when it does not occur in a characteristic site; the differential diagnosis is discussed. PMID- 7140151 TI - Sagittal diameter of the cervical canal in normal Indian adults. AB - This paper is based on a radiographic study of 300 normal individuals from 18 to 34 years of age comprising 207 males and 93 females. A lateral radiograph of the cervical spine with a focal-film distance of 6 ft was obtained of each subject to measure the sagittal diameter of the cervical spinal canal. The mean sagittal diamter ranged from 21.43 mm at C1 to 16.42 mm at C7 in males and from 20.13 mm at C1 to 15.54 mm C7 in females. This diameter decreased from C1 down to C4 or C5 where there was a gradual but marginal increase to C6. This diameter was smallest at C7. In general the sagittal diameters In females were about 1 mm less than in males at all vertebral levels. The smallest sagittal diamter from C3 to C7 in both sexes was 13 mm. The largest sagittal diameter varied from 20.5 to 28 mm in males and 18.5 to 26 mm in females. The mean sagittal diameter showed some relationship to height in males. No significant difference was observed in relation to weight. The posterior component of the sagittal diameter was smaller in females than in males due to a difference in development of the laminae. PMID- 7140152 TI - Patterns of breast skin thickness In normal mammograms. AB - Measurement of the mammographic skin thickness over different parts of the breast was performed in 150 normal patients. The patients were divided into three groups based on breast size and the skin thickness in these three groups compared. The results showed that skin thickness decreased with increasing breast size and that the upper limit of normal was greater than the previously quoted normal range at 3.0 mm. Measurement over different parts of the breast showed that medial exceeded lateral skin thickness by up to 100%, and similarly for the inferior and superior measurements. These findings in the normal breast are of importance in deciding on the presence or absence of abnormal skin thickening as an indicator of underlying breast disease. PMID- 7140153 TI - Catheterising the "difficult' urethra. PMID- 7140154 TI - The incidence and prevalence of cancer in the United Arab Emirates. PMID- 7140156 TI - Quantitative recording of dynamic precordial pressure. PMID- 7140155 TI - Three-dimensional ballistocardiographic responses to changes of posture. AB - In an assessment of cardiovascular performance in eighteen young healthy adults, ballistocardiograms were recorded in three mutually perpendicular directions in both the supine and the seated postures, and in the head-foot direction when standing. From these recordings three-dimensional vector ballistocardiograms were obtained which were found to be consistent over repeated measurements (r = 0.81 to 0.88 for the three components when supine) and sensitive to the functional changes imposed by changes of posture. It was observed that in the antero posterior ballistocardiogram recorded in the supine position there was, in the IJK complex, an additional peak and trough that was not present in any other directional, or postural, ballistocardiogram. This extra wave is held to reflect the directional change of blood flow in the arch of the aorta due to its sagittal curvature around the trachea and vertebral column. From these three-dimensional recordings the functional mechanical axis of the heart was determined for both the supine and seated positions. although similar these axes were not collinear, there being an 8 degrees greater tilt in both the rightward (29 degrees: 21 degrees) and the posterior (28 degrees: 20 degrees) direction in the seated position. PMID- 7140157 TI - On-line classification of arterial stenosis severity using principal component analysis applied to Doppler ultrasound signals. AB - Principal component analysis is a powerful method of feature extraction which can be applied to continuous-wave Doppler waveforms. A microprocessor system for the on-line calculation of the coefficients of principal components has been devised and tested in an experimental model. Doppler waveforms were obtained from positions distal to stenoses of known severity implanted in the iliac arteries of three dogs and classified into one of four groups. By reference to data from a previous series of experiments the microprocessor correctly classified 75% of stenoses. The remaining 25% were all classified as being one group more severe than they actually were. PMID- 7140158 TI - In vivo arterial compliance in man. AB - Six hundred 'normal' volunteers have been examined, ranging in age from neonates of three days to adults of 65 years. Average compliance was measured for the aortic, iliac, and leg arterial pathways using a non-invasive atraumatic Doppler ultrasound method in non-sedated subjects. No variation of compliance with mean blood pressure was found but there was a strong dependence on age and sex. At birth, leg arteries appear to be markedly more compliant than the aorta. Relative values are reversed in the first five years, after which the aorta remains more compliant, reaching a maximum value around 10 years and then decreasing sharply towards leg values until 20 years. Beyond this age aortic compliance very slowly, and aorta, iliac, and leg arteries appear to tend towards equal compliance in the sixth decade. An explanation for the significant differences between aortic compliance in males and females from menarchy to menopause is offered and implications of these compliance variations in atherogenesis are discussed. PMID- 7140159 TI - A comparison of otoscopy and tympanometry in the diagnosis of middle ear effusion. PMID- 7140160 TI - A system for investigating the in vitro effects of low-frequency pulsed magnetic fields. PMID- 7140161 TI - Electroencephalograph programme tester. PMID- 7140162 TI - The effect of rapid rise-time magnetic fields on the ECG of the rat. PMID- 7140163 TI - Optical finger movement monitor. PMID- 7140164 TI - [A pilot program on community control of arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7140165 TI - [Treatment of atrial fibrillation of recent onset by a combination of quinidine and amiodarone]. PMID- 7140166 TI - [Therapeutic action of oxolamine in acute tracheo-bronchitis]. PMID- 7140167 TI - [Clearing of the bacterial contamination of the air. Considerations and proposals]. PMID- 7140168 TI - [A new analgesic: lefetamine]. PMID- 7140170 TI - [Therapy of pulmonary embolism with calcic heparin in subcutaneous administration]. PMID- 7140169 TI - [Evaluation of the antihypertensive effect of the new saluretic drug, piretanide]. PMID- 7140171 TI - [Evaluation of the analgesic effect of fosfomycin in odontostomatological infections]. PMID- 7140172 TI - [Diagnostic methods in Budd-Chiari syndrome. Examination of 3 cases]. PMID- 7140173 TI - [Characterization of "low-risk" patients with myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7140174 TI - [Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with levamisole]. PMID- 7140175 TI - [Use of polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine (EPL) in combination with vitamin B complex in therapy of liver diseases]. PMID- 7140176 TI - [Fetal motor activity after "accidental ingestion" of beta-mimetics in the early stages of pregnancy]. PMID- 7140177 TI - [Use of naloxone in first aid]. PMID- 7140178 TI - [Preliminary epidemiologic study: drugs used]. PMID- 7140179 TI - [Proposal for a physio-kinesitherapeutic treatment in ochronotic arthropathy]. PMID- 7140181 TI - [The effect of vitamin E on platelet aggregation and lipid pattern]. PMID- 7140180 TI - [Isometheptene in the treatment of painful gastroenterological disorders]. PMID- 7140182 TI - [Beta-blockers and arterial hypertension: comparison between nadolol and propranolol]. PMID- 7140183 TI - [2 cases of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in pregnancy, clinical and echographic follow-up]. PMID- 7140184 TI - [Amiodarone in long-term prevention of hyperkinetic cardiac disorders. Clinical experiments]. PMID- 7140185 TI - [Comparative study of the bronchodilator effect of trimethoquinol and salbutamol]. PMID- 7140186 TI - [Hexoproline in broncho-obstructive syndromes: a double-blind method for comparison with orciprenaline]. PMID- 7140187 TI - [Use of a new potassium chloride delayed-action preparation in cardiopathy patients]. PMID- 7140188 TI - [Effect of bromopride on prolactin secretion]. PMID- 7140189 TI - [Medical therapy of gestosis]. PMID- 7140190 TI - [Clinical study on the use of amoxicillin at different dosages in broncho pulmonary disease]. PMID- 7140191 TI - [Digitalis treatment in the elderly]. PMID- 7140192 TI - [A case of desmoid fibroma in a rare location: the rhinopharynx]. PMID- 7140193 TI - Symposium on laboratory measurements in malignant disease. PMID- 7140195 TI - Performance characteristics of screening tests. PMID- 7140194 TI - Plasma clearance of carcinoembryonic antigen and asialo carcinoembryonic antigen by the liver of the nutritionally deficient rhesus monkey. PMID- 7140196 TI - Mathematical models used to assess laboratory and other measurements in patients with cancer. Biological time series and multivariate analysis. PMID- 7140197 TI - Cutaneous lesions in the connective tissue disorders. PMID- 7140199 TI - Therapy for the child with nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 7140200 TI - Management of pediatric spasticity. PMID- 7140198 TI - Dermatomyositis and malignancy. PMID- 7140201 TI - Chronic inflammatory bowel disease in the young. PMID- 7140203 TI - Sarcoidosis in children. PMID- 7140202 TI - Childhood strokes. PMID- 7140204 TI - Osteomyelitis in children. PMID- 7140205 TI - Special problems of the child with diabetes. PMID- 7140206 TI - Modern treatment of tuberculosis. PMID- 7140207 TI - Hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonias. PMID- 7140208 TI - Office spirometry. PMID- 7140210 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia. PMID- 7140211 TI - Differences in spatial knowledge acquired from maps and navigation. PMID- 7140209 TI - A clinical approach to upper airway obstruction in infants and children. PMID- 7140212 TI - A discourse on semantic priming. PMID- 7140214 TI - Methodological kit: monitoring perinatal mortality statistics in a health district. PMID- 7140213 TI - Towards an understanding of health status: the perceived importance of health status dimensions. PMID- 7140215 TI - Theory in community medicine. PMID- 7140216 TI - Implications of nuclear weapons for community medicine. Report of a Study Group. PMID- 7140217 TI - Impressions of child health services in Canada. PMID- 7140218 TI - The evolving specialty community medicine in Canada. PMID- 7140220 TI - Care in Action. The comments of the Faculty of Community Medicine. PMID- 7140219 TI - Specialist training in community medicine. PMID- 7140221 TI - Communicable disease report. United Kingdom-July to September 1981. PMID- 7140222 TI - Secular changes in the incidence of proximal femoral fracture in Oxfordshire: a preliminary report. PMID- 7140224 TI - Evaluating the quality of primary medical care. PMID- 7140223 TI - Perinatal audit: a tried and tested epidemiological method. PMID- 7140225 TI - A basis for health policy on aging. Report from the World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. PMID- 7140226 TI - The World Health Organization and traditional medicine. PMID- 7140227 TI - Progress in prevention: report of a national workshop on NHS initiatives in health promotion. PMID- 7140228 TI - Communicable disease report. United Kingdom--October to December 1981. PMID- 7140229 TI - Women doctors in community health services. PMID- 7140230 TI - The inadequacy of adolescent health statistics. PMID- 7140231 TI - Data protection and community medicine. PMID- 7140232 TI - Medical advice and management in the National Health Service. PMID- 7140234 TI - Catchment populations: the properties and accuracy of various methods for their estimation. PMID- 7140233 TI - Breast cancer: women's knowledge and attitudes and the difficulties of influencing them. PMID- 7140236 TI - The geography of health care planning: some problems of correspondence between local and national policies. PMID- 7140235 TI - Population sampling for the EEC directive on Biological Screening of the Population for Lead (second campaign) 1981: the Bristol approach to EEC guidelines and national sampling frames. PMID- 7140238 TI - Towards prevention--an outline plan for the development of health promotion teams. PMID- 7140237 TI - District revenue targets. PMID- 7140239 TI - Communicable disease report United Kingdom--January to March 1982. PMID- 7140240 TI - Medical advice and management in the Scottish Health Service: memorandum. PMID- 7140241 TI - An on-line method for reliable detection of waveforms and subsequent estimation of events in physiological signals. PMID- 7140242 TI - The digital filtering process in the external recording of the His bundle activity. PMID- 7140243 TI - Computer models of aerosol deposition in two human tracheobronchial geometries. PMID- 7140244 TI - Sensitivity analysis and experimental design techniques: application to nonlinear, dynamic lung models. PMID- 7140245 TI - Graphics methods for tracking three-dimensional heart wall motion. PMID- 7140246 TI - QRS duration measurement using high-frequency electrocardiography: applications and limitations of a new technique. PMID- 7140247 TI - Comparison of theoretical with measured forward ECG solutions: a progress report. PMID- 7140248 TI - SUMER: a database concept for clinical research and patient data-management. AB - A new database model is presented for patient information systems and clinical research database. Its main objective is to deal easily with the changing needs in data structure and organization and to make the model free of computing or programming related considerations. Based on the relational and entity relationship models, it allows the creation of records and files; records may belong to as many files as one wishes. Conditions introduced at the definition level make it very easy to define subfiles on selected criteria without the need to write an extraction program. A database modification step allows the reorganisation of an already existing database without any programming. Tested on several cases the model is presently at the development stage on a DEC VAX750 computer. PMID- 7140249 TI - A microcomputer-aided system for the graphic reproduction of neurohistochemical maps. AB - In this report we describe the computer hardware and software used in the production of microscopic maps from histochemical data. The maps may consist of lines, shaded and symbols, each drawn in any of four styles and in any of four colors. The system employs a microscope stage digitizer and plotter to produce an initial map containing precise positional information. A desktop computer equipped with a four-color digital plotter and a digitizing tablet is used to produce the final map. The positional information of the initial map is traced on the computer's digitizer to produce the final map. The software enabling this transformation is specialized for three basic types of structures. Cytoarchitectural landmarks and macroscopic morphology are represented by lines. Areas of a microscopic field which have some degree of visibly definable characteristics such as axonal staining are represented by areas shaded with dots. Microscopic structures of individual interest are represented by various symbols. Other program options allow the computation and printing of figure areas and perimeters while digitizing shaded areas, storage of all map information on a mass-storage medium, the drawing of alignment registration marks, and flexible access to and prompting for all program options. While the role of the anatomist in recognition and discrimination of meaningful histochemical information is unchanged, production of microscopic maps using this system consumes far less time than hand methods and results in uniform, accurate illustration. PMID- 7140250 TI - Computed tomography of the brain following radiation and chemotherapy: preliminary report. PMID- 7140251 TI - Misleading enhancement characteristics of meningeal malignant lymphoma on serial scanning. PMID- 7140252 TI - Contrast enhanced hypodense areas in a case of acute disseminated encephalitis following influenza A virus. PMID- 7140253 TI - Ct of congenital anomalies of the inferior vena cava. AB - The authors report six congenital abnormalities of the inferior vena cava detected on computed tomography (CT). The CT findings of one of these, the left inferior vena cava, have not been previously reported. The embryology of the inferior vena cava and the possible congenital abnormalities that can occur are discussed. Congenital abnormalities of the inferior vena cava are rare but potentially important to the radiologist, the surgeon, and the patient. They are easily identified on CT and should be considered when interpreting any CT of the abdomen or chest. PMID- 7140254 TI - Computerized tomography of the posterior cruciate ligament. PMID- 7140255 TI - Intraspinal hematoma: diagnosis by computerized tomography. PMID- 7140257 TI - Narcissistic personalities in DSM III. PMID- 7140256 TI - Recidivism and comprehensive care systems. PMID- 7140258 TI - Psychopathology of Parkinson's disease. PMID- 7140259 TI - Competition or catastrophe: insurance for psychiatric care. PMID- 7140260 TI - A controlled study of inpatient vs. outpatient treatment of delinquent drug abusing adolescents: one year results. PMID- 7140261 TI - Cranial computerized tomography in clinical psychiatry: 100 consecutive cases. PMID- 7140263 TI - Predictors of outcome in treatment of opiate addicts: evidence for the multidimensional nature of addicts' problems. PMID- 7140262 TI - Psychiatric diagnostic predispositions to alcoholism. PMID- 7140264 TI - Disorientation states and psychiatry. PMID- 7140265 TI - Cross-reactivity between sesquiterpene lactones related to parthenin in parthenin sensitized guinea pigs. PMID- 7140266 TI - Cross sensitivity between zinc oxide plaster and Cupressus leylandii shrubs. PMID- 7140267 TI - Results of standard patch tests with substances abandoned. PMID- 7140268 TI - Patch test reaction of the buccal mucosa to sorbic acid. PMID- 7140269 TI - Nickel dermatitis due to steel fibre and soap cleaning pads. PMID- 7140270 TI - Guinea pig maximisation test with tungstate. PMID- 7140271 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis to cyanamide.